bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Factorial and Binomial identities in Computing and Cybersecurity
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the application of factorial and binomial identities in computing, communication, and cybersecurity in connection with the symmetric and asymmetric encryptions. We can use the binomial identities and theorem in factorials as an effective security algorithm to protect the computing systems, programs, and networks. In this connection, binomial expansions which are equal to multiples of 2 with non-negative exponents, and its relations are given in this article.
A Shift Toward Activated Receptors and Enhanced Effector Functions on NK Cells Contribute to Immune Imbalance During Sepsis
Authors: He Wanxue , Zhang Lin , Luo Zhiming , Xu Jianqiao , Guan Wei , Xie Lixin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. It is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate, which has a tremendous impact on global health and social economy. Remarkably, immune imbalance has been recognized as a key pathophysiological change in sepsis, and NK cells, one of the most important innate immune cells, are involved in this process and play a crucial role in it. However, the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of sepsis is still controversial and there remains a gap in understanding the exactly immune responses of NK cells to sepsis and even infections secondary to sepsis. In this study, we used sepsis mouse models to investigate the alterations of NK cells, and then we subjected the septic mice to a secondary influenza A virus (H1N1) infection to characterize the anti-infection immune responses of NK cells. Here, we demonstrated that NK cells presented an activated phenotype in early phase of sepsis as illustrated by increased activated CD69 and NKG2D and reduced inhibitory KLRG1 expression on NK cells. Moreover, we observed that NK cells were excessive overall activated in the sepsis mouse model subjected to secondary infections as illustrated by cell surface receptor expression profiles, increased IFN-γ and CD107a expression after stimulation, aggravated lung inflammation and pathological injury, and increased systemic inflammation cytokines, which might be an important reason for higher mortality in PR8-infected sepsis mice. In summary, NK cells exhibit excessive activated phenotype induced by sepsis, contributing to unrestrained systemic inflammation, pathogenesis of tissue damage, physiological dysfunction, and increased mortality.
A filosofia do corpo de Maine de Biran: Do fato primitivo ao esforço
Authors: De Oliveira André Renato 
Published: May 2022

Este artigo aborda a questão do corpo na filosofia de Maine de Biran. Trata-se em demonstrar como esse filósofo traz à tona um novo estatuto do corpo que se originaria a partir da identificação do fato primitivo ao esforço, isto é, Maine de Biran demonstra que o eu não pode existir por si mesmo sem ter o sentimento imediato interno da coexistência do corpo. Disso advém sua formulação do corpo subjetivo. Essa nova abordagem trará consigo a construção de uma ontologia subjetiva, com a qual Henry, M. (1965) sustenta ser capaz de fundamentar uma fenomenologia do corpo. Demonstrar a originalidade dessa concepção do corpo biraniana e avaliar a validade de sua acepção fenomenológica é com o que nos ocuparemos neste trabalho.
Evaluation of the Nimbamrithadhi Panchathiktha Kashayam against SARS
CoV-2 based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking analysis
Authors: Presanna Aneesh T. , Nath Lekshmi R. , Murali Maneesha , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Radhakrishnan Vishnu V. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Nimbamrithadhi Panchathiktha Kashayam (NPK) is an Ayurvedic formulation
of potent plant ingredients with immune-modulating effects and anti-viral activities.

Objectives:
The present study is intended to identify the key target involved in immune and inflammatory
response against SARS-COV-2 via network pharmacology and also investigates the potent
phytoconstituent within NPK in combating or modulating target response via molecular docking.

Methods:
Active phytoconstituents of NPK were filtered based on overall bioavailability and druglikeness
by Lipinski’s and ADMETOX prediction.

Results:
Results indicate that IRF 7 can be selected as an efficient target in regulating immunomodulatory
and anti-viral activity via network pharmacology. Molecular docking studies show that
apigenin (22.22 Kcal /mol), thiamine (24.89 Kcal /mol) and esculetin (25.21 Kcal /mol) within
Nimbamrithadhi Panchathiktha Kashayam(NPK) possess better binding affinity in comparison
with standard drug gemcitabine (14.56 Kcal /mol). Even though docking score is more for Esculetin
and Thiamine, Apigenin within Solanum Virgianum (Yellow nightshade) and Azadirachta
Indica (Neem) is considered as the active phytoconstituent in modulating immune responses and
anti-viral activities based on the number and nature of amino acid interaction.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, no scientific validation has been done on NPK against
COVID-19. The study indicates that NPK can be a better alternative prophylaxis strategy against
SARS-COV-2 infection if further validated via suitable preclinical studies.
A Novel Risk Model of SUMOylation-related Genes Associated with Prognosis
in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Cheng Xi , Lei Yajie , Xu Qing , Chen Yixin , Li Haoran 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Endometrial cancer is ranked fourth in women's cancers worldwide.
SUMOylation is a process of post-translational modification and some evidence indicate that
SUMOylation may influence the occurrence and development of cancer. Until now, the prognostic
value of SUMOylation-related genes in endometrial cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed
at exploring the prognostic value of SUMOylation-related genes in endometrial cancer in this
study.

Methods:
The transcriptome of endometrial cancer from TCGA database was downloaded and
then differentially expressed SUMOylation-related genes were extracted. The risk model was constructed
with the use of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Samples
were divided into low-risk and high-risk group based on the risk score. Survival analysis and
Cox analysis were performed between groups. A validation cohort from Fudan University Shanghai
Cancer Center were obtained to verify the model. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encylopedia of
Genes and Genomes analyses were conducted based on differentially expressed genes between
groups.

Results:
Samples in low-risk group possess better outcome than in high-risk group. (P<0.001) The
results of univariate (P<0.001) and multivariate (P=0.018) analysis showed that the risk score was
independently correlated to worse outcome for patients with endometrial cancer. In Fudan University
Shanghai Cancer Center validation cohort, the low-risk group possessed better survival outcome
than the high-risk group (P=0.0393). Functional analysis demonstrated that most of the immune
cell infiltration levels and immune pathways activity in low-risk group were higher than in
high-risk group.

Conclusions:
In short, the SUMOylation-related signature had good predictability in endometrial
cancer and SUMOylation-related genes play important roles in tumour immunity. Also, our study
might have some merits in elucidating potential mechanism of SUMOylation in endometrial cancer.
Deciphering the Role of S-adenosyl Homocysteine Nucleosidase in Quorum
Sensing Mediated Biofilm Formation
Authors: Kaushik Sanket , Yadav Jyoti , Das Satyajeet , Singh Suraj , Jyoti Anupam , Srivastava Vijay Kumar , Sharma Vinay , Kumar Sanjit , Kumar Sujeet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is a protein that plays a crucial role in several
pathways of bacteria that are essential for its survival and pathogenesis. In addition to the role of
MTAN in methyl-transfer reactions, methionine biosynthesis, and polyamine synthesis, MTAN is also
involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). In QS, chemical signaling autoinducer (AI) secreted by
bacteria assists cell to cell communication and is regulated in a cell density-dependent manner. They
play a significant role in the formation of bacterial biofilm. MTAN plays a major role in the synthesis
of these autoinducers. Signaling molecules secreted by bacteria, i.e., AI-1 are recognized as acylated
homoserine lactones (AHL) that function as signaling molecules within bacteria. QS enables bacteria
to establish physical interactions leading to biofilm formation. The formation of biofilm is a primary
reason for the development of multidrug-resistant properties in pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus
faecalis (E. faecalis). In this regard, inhibition of E. faecalis MTAN (EfMTAN) will block the QS and
alter the bacterial biofilm formation. In addition to this, it will also block methionine biosynthesis and
many other critical metabolic processes. It should also be noted that inhibition of EfMTAN will not
have any effect on human beings as this enzyme is not present in humans. This review provides a comprehensive
overview of the structural-functional relationship of MTAN. We have also highlighted the
current status, enigmas that warrant further studies, and the prospects for identifying potential inhibitors
of EfMTAN for the treatment of E. faecalis infections. In addition to this, we have also reported
structural studies of EfMTAN using homology modeling and highlighted the putative binding sites of
the protein.
Enhanced Brain Delivery via Intranasal Administration of Carbamazepine
Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Optimization, Pharmacokinetic Analysis,
In-vitro, and In-vivo Drug Release Study
Authors: Arya Rajeshwar Kamal Kant , Vijay Juyal , Bisht Dheeraj , Rashid Mohammad , Alfawaz Altamimi Abdulmalik Saleh , Afzal Obaid , Sethiya Neeraj Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Carbamazepine (Cbz) is the first-line drug for epileptic seizures but exhibits
fluctuation at the plasma level and side effects after oral administration.To overcome these problems,
Cbz should be targeted directly into the brain. Therefore, the current experimental design was aimed to
formulate and optimize the Cbz containing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for brain delivery via intranasal
administration to get rid of oral complications associated with Cbz.

Methods:
A full factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect of variables (X1 lipid concentration,
X2 surfactant concentration, and X3 sonication time) on the response variables (size of nanoparticles,
entrapment efficiency, and drug release). A two-level, three-factor design was employed herewith,
and eight formulations were developed. Further, the formation of Cbz containing SLNs was characterized
by compatibility, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release with the support of Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Zeta sizer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Ultra-violet (U.V.),
and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Results:
All eight formulations were characterized through particle size, entrapment efficiency, and invitro
drug release performance. Out of eight characterized formulations, SN1 showed the most promising
results, including particle size of 210 ± 2.14 nm, entrapment efficiency of 42.1 ± 1.09%, and drug
release of 61.3 ± 2.02% and considered an optimized batch. Additionally, the optimized batch SN1was
further evaluated for an in-vivo study on male Wistar Rats.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that a high amount of drug was reached into the brain through intranasal
administration compared to the intravenous route. Therefore, it can minimize the unwanted side
effects of the Cbz associated with oral administration. The formulation SN1 possesses an excellent drug
targeting efficiency of 3.014. Finally, the current experimental work concluded that there is a direct
pathway from the intranasal route to the brain. This delivery system can be beneficial for directly delivering
CNS-active drugs into the brain.
Understanding Self-Care Behaviours among Type II Diabetes Patients:
A Behaviour Change Models’ Perspective
Authors: Rajkumar Eslavath , Lakshmi R. , Kruthika G.T. , Padiri Ruth Angiel , Daniel Monica , John Romate , Abraham John 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Self-care behaviours among diabetes patients is often hindered because of
various psycho-social factors which become obstacles to their better diabetes management and its
proper outcome. The current study aims to find out these psycho-social factors that influence the
execution of self–care behaviours among Type II diabetes patients from the perspective of various
behaviour change models.

Methods:
The study adopted a correlational research design. A total of 266 participants above the
age group of 18 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were selected using purposive sampling
from the Indian state of Karnataka. The data were collected using The Health Belief Questionnaire,
Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire (TPBQ), Socio-Ecological Model Questionnaire, and
Diabetic Self-Care Activities Revised (SDSCA-R). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics,
Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression.

Results:
From the findings, it was observed that the domains of perceived susceptibility, cues to
action and subjective norms are positively correlated with self-care behaviours significantly at
p<0.05 levels, while the domains of socio-ecological theory, personal, interpersonal, media and
policy and community organizations are significantly positively correlated with self-care behaviour
at p<0.01 levels. The linear regression of the domains of health belief model, theory of planned
behaviour and socio-ecological theory on self-care behaviour showed that the statistically significant
final model explained 14.9% (R2 =.149), F (3,262) =15.337, p< 0.000. The significant predictors
are community at p<0.000 level, self-efficacy and perceived severity at p<0.05 levels.

Conclusion:
The study results ascertain the necessity of a psychosocial approach or the sociocognitive
perspective to understand the factors that actually enable a diabetes patient to engage in
more self-care behaviours. In the Indian scenario, where health literacy is very minimum, the findings
of the study can be used to implement better strategies for diabetes management both at the
level of medical/mental health professionals and at the level of media and policy.
Advancement in Understanding the Concept of Epithelial to Mesenchymal
Transition in Pancreatic β-Cells: Implication in Diabetes
Authors: Francis Meenal , Ashok Akshaya , Ashwathnarayan Ashwini , Banerjee Shreetama , Prasanna Jyothi , Kumar Anujith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Distinct molecular processes are engaged during histogenesis, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal
Transition (EMT) is one of the key evolutionarily conserved processes that facilitates organ
development. Molecular pathways governing EMT are embedded within developmental programs
and operate in cells of different tissues. Among varied cell types, EMT in pancreatic β-cells is of
greater interest as the existence of EMT in these cells is highly debated. Although in vitro generation
of human islet-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells has been proven beyond doubt, the existence
of EMT in pancreatic β-cells in vivo remains enigmatic. Understanding the in-depth process of
EMT in in vivo human β-cells is challenged by the limitations of lineage-tracing studies, which are
otherwise feasible in mice. Exploring EMT of β-cells would greatly facilitate the generation of clinically
relevant β-cells either by enhancing long-term in vitro culture of endogenous islets or by differentiation
of pluripotent stem cells to mature β-cells. This review is an update on the recent progress
in understanding the EMT process of β-cells and how the investigations have helped to resolve
the mystery of the existence of EMT in pancreatic β-cells.
Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review and Trends towards Medical Imaging
Authors: Karim Shahid , Qadir Akeel , Farooq Umar , Shakir Muhammad , Laghari Asif Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is a pertinent technique to provide meaningful information about unique objects in the medical field. In this paper, the basic principles, imaging methods, comparisons, and current advances in the medical applications of HSI are discussed to accentuate the importance of HSI in the medical field. To date, there are numerous tools and methods to fix the problems, but reliable medical HSI tools and methods need to be studied. The enactment and analytical competencies of HSI for medical imaging are discussed. Specifically, the recent successes and limitations of HSI in biomedical are presented to offer the readers an insight into its current potential for medical research. Lastly, we have discussed the future challenges concerning medical applications and possible ways to overcome these limitations.
ZFP36L1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression via Regulating JNK and
p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ding Kang , Zhang Fengping , Qi Gaoxiu , Lin Meng , Chen Min , Chen Yanchun , Zheng Jie , Zhou Fenghua 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The RNA-binding protein Zinc Finger Protein 36 like 1(ZFP36L1) plays an important role in regulating the AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of mRNAs, indicating a potential link between its expression and cancers. However, the role and mechanism of ZFP36L1 in gastric cancer (GC) are unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of ZFP36L1 in gastric cancer.

Material and Method:
GC tissue samples and matched normal gastric tissues were collected, and the ZFP36L1 expression in these samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. GC cells with different differentiation were selected for in vitro experiments. The ZFP36L1 expression in GC cells was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The viability and invasiveness of GC cells were assayed by 5-Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins and proteins of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.

Results:
ZFP36L1 is overexpressed in GC tissues. Patients with high ZFP36L1 expression have a poor prognosis. Moreover, ZFP36L1 is overexpressed in the cell lines with a high degree of malig-nancy. ZFP36L1 increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. Furthermore, ZFP36L1 induces EMT. The JNK inhibitor and p38 inhibitor alone or in combination affect the biological function of GC cells. Furthermore, ZFP36L1 promotes GC progression by inhibiting JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Conclusion:
RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 exerts a role in the occurrence of gastric cancer by the regulation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The combination of inhibitors of the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways could be a novel treatment strategy for gastric cancer.
GenNBPSeq: Online Web Server to Generate Never Born Protein
Sequences Using Toeplitz Matrix Approach with Structure Analysis
Authors: Karuna Nidhi Muthugobal Bagayalakshmi , Ganapathy Ramesh , Subbiah Parthasarathy , Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan , Karuppasamy Muthuvel Prasath 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In biology, the translation of genetic information to its corresponding protein sequences is carried out by using the Universal Genetic Code. Out of all the possible combinations of 20 amino acids, proteins are formed by the possible combinations that occur naturally. This leaves a large number of unknown combinations of protein sequences that includes the Never Born Proteins. A Never Born Protein is a theoretically possible protein that does not occur in nature or may be selected by evolution in future.

Objective:
In this study, the "GenNBPSeq" online web server is developed to generate Never Born Protein Sequences and to analyze their sequence and structural stability.

Methods:
The “GenNBPSeq” server is developed based on the Gray Code and Partitioned Gray Code representations of the Universal Genetic Code combined with the novel Toeplitz matrix approach. The sequence and structure analysis is done by various Bioinformatics tools for the sample Never Born Protein sequences.

Results:
The “GenNBPSeq” server is available at http://bioinfo.bdu.ac.in/nbps and the users can generate Never Born Protein sequences and download them in FASTA formats. The Never Born Protein sequences obtained by the above Toeplitz matrix approach contain same amino acid composition. They also form protein secondary and 3-Dimensional structures with intrinsic stability.

Conclusion:
This study conjectures that the Never Born Protein Sequences generated by “GenNBPSeq” server using Toeplitz matrix approach may exhibit intrinsic structural stability. Synthesizing these Never Born Proteins and analyzing their biological applications are major research areas in Systems and Synthetic Biology.
Molecular Mechanisms of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Used in Cancer Therapy
Authors: De Sanctis Juan Bautista , Charris Jaime , Blanco Zuleyma , Ramírez Hegira , Martínez Gricelis Patricia , Mijares Michael Rodney 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Tumour relapse, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis continue to be unsolved issues in cancer therapy. A recent approach has been to scrutinise drugs used in the clinic for other illnesses and modify their structure to increase selectivity to cancer cells. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), known antimalarials, have successfully treated autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. CQ and HCQ, well-known lysosomotropic agents, induce apoptosis, downregulate autophagy, and modify the tumour microenvironment. Moreover, they affect the Toll 9/NF-κB receptor pathway, activate stress response pathways, enhance p53 activity and CXCR4-CXCL12 expression in cancer cells, which would help explain their effects in cancer treatment. These compounds can normalise the tumourassociated vasculature, promote the activation of the immune system, change the phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages (from M2 to M1), and stimulate cancer-associated fibroblasts. We aim to review the historical aspects of CQ and its derivatives and the most relevant mechanisms that support the therapeutic use of CQ and HCQ for the treatment of cancer.