bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of mode frequencies for spherical cavity embedded within a mild steel plate
Authors: Roy Subhankar , Bose Tanmoy 
Published: March 2022

The modern era of structures has observed a vast increase in non-destructive evaluation techniques in order to detect unwanted damages or porosities within the structure. Detection of defect frequencies will play a vital role in local defect resonance–based defect imaging in the future. In this paper, a technique for porosity and cavity detection in metals is discussed. A numerical investigation is carried out first on a square mild steel plate with a spherical cavity and a square mild steel block with multiple cavities. Different resonance frequencies and corresponding mode shapes in the case of the single cavity are calculated using steady state dynamic analysis. Six fundamental mode shapes are identified as Rocking (R), Torsional (T), Bouncing (B), 4-noded (4 N), 6-noded (6 N) and 8-noded (8 N) modes. Moreover, an explicit dynamic analysis is performed by exciting the model with a chirp signal for both cases of single and multiple cavities. The numerical study is supported by experimental results, performed on a mild steel plate embedded with a single spherical cavity and previously published literature. It is observed that the analytical, numerical as well as the experimental results obtained for all the modes are in close agreement with each other. The bouncing mode is found to be the promising one for pore imaging due to its uniform displacement across all the directions.
Virtual consultation in paediatric urology during the COVID-19 pandemic: The effect of pathology on the outcome
Authors: ElAgami Hesham , Woodward Benjamin , Awolaran Gbenga , Kalidasan Varadarajan 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Virtual consultation (VC) has exponentially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons from using this modality during the pandemic will need to be appraised carefully before integrating it into the routine practice. Some paediatric urology patients can potentially be excellent candidates for routine VC. Objectives Investigate the ability of clinicians to make management plans using VCs and identify accordingly the group of patients that can benefit from routine VC. Evaluate the routine use of VC without travel restrictions. Methods Designed in two phases. Phase 1, during the lockdown, prospective collection of data after the consultation assessing the clinician satisfaction in making a decision by VC. The results were then divided according to the patient pathology; internal organ pathology (IOP), functional urological pathology (FUP) or external organ pathology (EOP). Data was then analysed to demonstrate if different outcomes can be related to the pathology. Phase 2 after the ease of the lockdown to judge the lessons learnt looking at the same parameters in patients who are selected to receive VC and evaluate journey saved by the patients, measured in miles. Results One hundred and forty-four consultations were assessed. One hundred and fourteen in phase 1 and 30 from phase 2. Mean age 7.2 years. In phase 1, 57% of patients were reviewed by consultants and 72% were followed up. Thirty-seven per cent had IOP, 24.5% FUP and 38.5% EOP. Clinicians were more likely to reach a decision with patients with IOP and FUP P < 0.0001 and 0.0024, respectively. Phase 2 demonstrated the change of practice where 93% of the patients were either IOP or FUP. An average of 27 miles per patient was saved on journeys. Discussion VC for paediatric urology patients was employed effectively to avoid hospital contact during the lockdown. From the lessons learnt that patients with IOP and FUP can continue to benefit from VC after the ease of lockdown without compromising the decision making. VC is a viable way to structure services in the future for selected paediatric urology conditions.
Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after the FDA’s warning? Functional outcomes at 20 years
Authors: Illiano Ester , Trama Francesco , Marchesi Alessandro , Fabi Consuelo , Brancorsini Stefano , Costantini Elisabetta 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Aims of this study were to evaluate the functional outcomes of a vaginal wall sling technique in patients with stress urinary incontinence at 20 years after surgery and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction after the surgical procedure. Material and Methods: This was a prospective single-center study on patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent in situ vaginal sling surgery. Presurgery evaluation included history, pelvic examination, and urodynamic test. All patients completed Urogenital Distress Inventory–6 (UDI-6) questionnaire. They underwent checkups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually. The sling was created by making a rectangle (15–20 × 25 mm) on the anterior vaginal wall and it was reinforced by one roll of Marlex mesh on each side of the sling. The sutures were passed through the vagina at the suprapubic level after suprapubic incision, above the rectus fascia and tied without excessive tension. Results: From May 1996 to May 2002, 40 women underwent vaginal wall sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Last visit was performed on 20 women between March 2020 and April 2020. Median follow-up was 251.3 months (20.9 years) (range = 204.3–285.4 months). The success rate after 5 years of surgical procedure was 80%; over 5 years, the objective cure rate was 45%. Considering only the group of 13 patients with pure stress urinary incontinence, the objective cure rate decreased to 38%, in particular 7 years after surgery. Women who did not resolve their urinary incontinence needed to undergo a new treatment. At over 5 years after surgery, there was an increase in urgency ( p = 0.001) and voiding symptoms ( p = 0.008) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) ( p = 0.04). Ninety-five percent were very much worse or much worse according to the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. Conclusion: The in situ vaginal wall sling does not guarantee good long-term functional outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Improving Outcomes While Decreasing Complications
Authors: Hoskins Tyler , Patel Jay , Choi Joseph H. , Fitzpatrick Brendan , Begley Brian , Mazzei Chris J. , Harrington Colin J. , Miller Justin M. , Wittig James C. , Epstein David 
Published: March 2022

An acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is a traumatic injury that can cause considerable morbidity and reduced function. Nonoperative intervention may put patients at higher risk of rerupture, whereas surgical intervention carries risk of infection, wound complications, and iatrogenic nerve injury. The mini-open Achilles tendon repair technique has been popularized in helping decrease complications. The goal of this study was to examine and compare the functional outcomes and rate of complications in patients treated with a mini-open repair technique versus a traditional open repair for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A retrospective review was performed of all patients with a complete Achilles tendon rupture that were treated by a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained surgeon. Functional outcome scores were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle scoring system (AOFAS) and the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS). Eighty-one patients with a complete Achilles tendon rupture underwent mini-open repair and 22 patients underwent traditional open repair surgery between 2013 and 2020. The mean follow-up was 38.40 months (range, 12-71). Mean preoperative AOFAS and ATRS improved in the mini-open group from 45.60 and 47.18 respectively, to 90.29 and 87.97 after surgery (p < .05). Mean preoperative AOFAS and ATRS scores for the traditional open repair (n = 22) cohort were 44.02 and 42.27, respectively. Postoperatively, the AOFAS and ATRS scores improved to 85.27 and 86.64 (P value < .05), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative ATRS scores. However, the mini-open repair group showed a statistically higher postoperative AOFAS score (90.30) than the traditional open-repair group (85.27) (P value < .05). The overall complication rate for our study was 2.9% (2 mini-open repair and 1 traditional open repair). The complication rate in the mini-open repair group and traditional open repair cohort were 2.4% and 4.5%, respectively (P value > .05). One patient in the mini-open repair cohort (1.2%) reruptured his Achilles tendon 4 months postoperatively. A second patient in the mini-open repair group (1.2%) developed a superficial skin infection and suture irritation. One patient (4.5%) in the traditional open repair group developed a superficial skin infection. There were no sural nerve injuries in our series. The mini-open approach to repair a ruptured Achilles tendon is a viable treatment option to decrease the incidence rate of postoperative complications and rerupture rates while also producing a superior cosmetic result. Level of Evidence: 3 (retrospective cohort study N ≥ 30).
Using Pitch-Tracking Data to Identify Risk Factors for Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Cohen Samuel A. , Portney Daniel A. , Cohen Landon E. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Weber Alexander E. , Saltzman Matthew D. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Approximately 25% of Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers undergo medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) during their careers. Purpose: To identify risk factors for UCLR that are specific to 2 subgroups of MLB pitchers: right (RHPs)- versus left-handed pitchers (LHPs) and starting (SPs) versus relief pitchers (RPs). Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We included 109 MLB pitchers who had undergone UCLR between 2007 and 2019 and had sufficient preinjury data in the 3 years before surgery (T3, T2, T1). A 2:1 matched control cohort was selected for comparison. Pitch velocity, release location, and ball movement were compared between the UCLR and control cohorts in both subgroups in the years before surgery (RHPs vs LHPs and SPs vs RPs). Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for UCLR. Results: The mean horizontal release location for the UCLR group was 5.8 cm more lateral than for the control group ( P = .028). For all pitchers, every 2.5-cm lateral shift in release location in the years leading up to UCLR equated to a 3.7% increase in the odds of UCLR. For RPs, this risk was more substantial: a 5.8% increase in odds per 2.5 cm. SPs in the UCLR group demonstrated significantly different T1 horizontal release locations compared with SPs in the control group, though not to a statistically significant change over the 3 years before surgery. However, in the 3 years before surgery, the horizontal release location for RPs in the UCLR group moved 2.1 cm more lateral, as compared with 2.7 cm more medial for RPs in the control group ( P = .007). For LHPs, a decrease in mean pitch velocity by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) in the years leading up to surgery increased the odds of UCLR by 45%. Conclusion: Increasing lateralization of release point in the years before surgery increased the risk of UCLR, specifically for relievers. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that release location is an important variable in analyzing the risk of UCLR in MLB and that risk stratification may be dependent on pitcher characteristics such as position, handedness, and weight.
Sample Size and Model Prediction Accuracy in EQ-5D-5L Valuations Studies: Expected Out-of-Sample Accuracy Based on Resampling with Different Sample Sizes and Alternative Model Specifications
Authors: Hansen Tonya Moen , Stavem Knut , Rand Kim 
Published: March 2022

Background. National valuation studies are costly, with ∼1000 face-to-face interviews recommended, and some countries may deem such studies infeasible. Building on previous studies exploring sample size, we determined the effect of sample size and alternative model specifications on prediction accuracy of modeled coefficients in EQ-5D-5L value set generating regression analyses. Methods. Data sets ( n = 50 to ∼1000) were simulated from 3 valuation studies, resampled at the respondent level and randomly drawn 1000 times with replacement. We estimated utilities for each subsample with leave-one-out at the block level using regression models (8 or 20 parameter; with or without a random intercept; time tradeoff [TTO] data only or TTO + discrete choice experiment [DCE] data). Prediction accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE), was calculated by comparing to censored mean predicted values to the left-out block in the full data set. Linear regression was used to estimate the relative effect of changes in sample size and each model specification. Results. Results showed that doubling the sample size decreased RMSE by on average 0.012. Effects of other model specifications were smaller but can when combined compensate for loss in prediction accuracy from a small sample size. For models using TTO data only, 8-parameter models clearly outperformed 20-parameter models. Adding a random intercept, or including DCE responses, also improved mean RMSE, most prominently for variants of the 20-parameter models. Conclusions. The prediction accuracy impact of further increases in sample size after 300 to 500 were smaller than the impact of combining alternative modeling choices. Hybrid modeling, use of constrained models, and inclusion of random intercepts all substantially improve the expected prediction accuracy. Beyond a minimum of 300 to 500 respondents, the sample size may be better informed by other considerations, such as legitimacy and representativeness, than by the technical prediction accuracy achievable. Highlights Increases in sample size beyond a minimum in the range of 300 to 500 respondents provide smaller gains in expected prediction accuracy than alternative modeling approaches. Constrained, nonlinear models; time tradeoff + discrete choice experiment hybrid modeling; and including a random intercept all improved the prediction accuracy of models estimating values for the EQ-5D-5L based on data from 3 different valuation studies. The tested modeling choices can compensate for smaller sample sizes.
Case series of HaNDL syndrome responding to valproic acid
Authors: Aydinlar Elif Ilgaz , Ertas Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Objective: We report a case series of patients diagnosed with the syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) responding to high dose Valproic acid. Background: HaNDL syndrome is an infrequent entity, presenting with neurological impairment episodes and severe headache. A treatment to prevent the attacks has not been proposed yet. Results: We describe 6 patients with a definite diagnosis of HaNDL, responding to Valproic acid 1000–1500 mg/day. Conclusion: Although HaNDL’s self-limiting nature, episodes may cause important disability and can last up to 3 months. Valproic acid may be a good choice to prevent attacks due to its effect on cortical depression and fast titration.
Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty performed using the direct anterior approach: a one-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Zha Guo-Chun , Zhu Xian-Ren , Wang Lei , Li Hong-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
It is still unknown whether tranexamic acid (TXA) is beneficial for the minimally invasive surgical approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous TXA in primary THA via the direct anterior approach (DAA).

Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 70 patients with nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head who underwent THA via the DAA between October 2017 and October 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: TXA group (39 patients received 1.5 g TXA intravenously) and control group (31 patients did not receive TXA). Patients were assessed by operative time, postoperative hemoglobin (HB) drop, transfusion rate, postoperative length of hospital stays (LHS), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and Harris hip score (HHS).

Results
Total blood loss, hidden blood loss, and postoperative HB drop in the TXA group were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, operative time, transfusion rate, postoperative LHS, HHS, or incidence of DVT (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
TXA may reduce perioperative blood loss without increasing complications in THA via the DAA.

Level of evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Development and experience-dependent modulation of the defensive behaviors of mice to visual threats
Authors: Narushima Madoka , Agetsuma Masakazu , Nabekura Junichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRodents demonstrate defensive behaviors such as fleeing or freezing upon recognizing a looming shadow above them. Although individuals’ experiences in their habitat can modulate the defensive behavior phenotype, the effects of systematically manipulating the individual’s visual experience on vision-guided defensive behaviors have not been studied. We aimed to describe the developmental process of defensive behaviors in response to visual threats and the effects of visual deprivation. We found that the probability of escape response occurrence increased 3 weeks postnatally, and then stabilized. When visual experience was perturbed by dark rearing from postnatal day (P) 21 for a week, the developmental increase in escape probability was clearly suppressed, while the freezing probability increased. Intriguingly, exposure to the looming stimuli at P28 reversed the suppression of escape response development at P35. These results clearly indicate that the development of defensive behaviors in response to looming stimuli is affected by an individual’s sensory experience.
Characterization of pectin methylesterase gene family and its possible role in juice sac granulation in navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
Authors: Li Zixuan , Wu Liming , Wang Ce , Wang Yue , He Ligang , Wang Zhijing , Ma Xiaofang , Bai Fuxi , Feng Guizhi , Liu Jihong , Jiang Yingchun , Song Fang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCitrus is one of the most important fresh fruit crops worldwide. Juice sac granulation is a physiological disorder, which leads to a reduction in soluble solid concentration, total sugar, and titratable acidity of citrus fruits. Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyzes the de-methylesterification of homogalacturonans and plays crucial roles in cell wall modification during plant development and fruit ripening. AlthoughPMEfamily has been well investigated in various model plants, little is known regarding the evolutionary property and biological function ofPMEfamily genes in citrus.ResultsIn this study, 53 non-redundantPMEgenes were identified fromCitrus sinensisgenome, and thesePMEgenes were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic relationship. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses of gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome localization, gene duplication, and collinearity were performed onCsPMEgenes, providing important clues for further research on the functions ofCsPMEgenes. The expression profiles ofCsPMEgenes in response to juice sac granulation and low-temperature stress revealed thatCsPME genes were involved in the low temperature-induced juice sac granulation in navel orange fruits. Subcellular localization analysis suggested thatCsPMEgenes were localized on the apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and vacuole membrane. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid screening and dual luciferase activity assay revealed that the transcription factorCsRVE1directly bound to the promoter ofCsPME3and activated its activity.ConclusionIn summary, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of thePMEgene family in citrus, and provides a novel insight into the biological functions and regulation patterns ofCsPMEgenes during juice sac granulation of citrus.
Identification of TIFY gene family in walnut and analysis of its expression under abiotic stresses
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Yu Feiyan , Yang Guiyan , Liu Xiaoqiang , Peng Shaobing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are known for their nutrient-rich nuts and are one of the important economic tree species in the world. However, due to global warming and soil salinization, walnuts suffer from various abiotic stresses. TIFY (TIF[F/Y]XG) proteins play an essential role in the growth and development of plants, signal transduction, and stress response in plants. At present, although the TIFY gene family of a number of plants has been identified and studied, how TIFY takes part in stress tolerance remains obscure and many functions of TIFY require further investigation.

Result
In this study, twenty-one TIFY transcription factors were identified in the walnut genome database, and they were divided into four subfamilies (TIFY, JAZ, ZML, and PPD) by bioinformatics analysis. Chromosome location revealed tandem duplication of some genes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed JrTIFYs were closely related to the TIFY gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analysis revealed the TIFY genes have different expression patterns in ‘Qingxiang’ and ‘Xiangling’ walnut varieties under drought, heat, and salt stress. JAZ subfamily was more expressed in different abiotic stress than other subfamilies. The expressions of JrTIFY14 under heat and salt stress were significantly higher than those under drought stress. However, the expression of JrTIFYs was not significant in ‘Xiangling’.

Conclusion
This study reveals the TIFY gene family plays an important role in walnuts facing abiotic stresses and provides a theoretical basis for walnut breeding.