bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction, Separation, Purification, Chemical Characterizations, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Review
Authors: Zhang Pengqi , Tan Jiaqi , Wang Wenli , Zhang Jinling , Gong Hansheng , Xue Hongkun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChinese herbal medicine, as a huge and diverse population, is rich in flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most important active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine. Many studies have confirmed that Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides (CHMPs) have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐aging, anti‐tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, regulating intestinal flora, improving immunity, and other biological activities. Obviously, CHMPs have good development potential and application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, food, and health products. However, different extraction and purification methods have a certain impact on the structure of CHMPs, and structure is closely related to its functional characteristics. Hence, a systematic review of the research progress and future prospects of CHMPs is necessary to promote their better understanding. In this paper, current knowledge on extraction, separation, and purification methods, chemical characterizations, and biological activities of CHMPs are summarized. This review provides an important theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of natural polysaccharides.
Extreme precipitation events
Authors: Gimeno Luis , Sorí Rogert , Vázquez Marta , Stojanovic Milica , Algarra Iago , Eiras‐Barca Jorge , Gimeno‐Sotelo Luis , Nieto Raquel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of increased populations concentrated in urban areas, coupled with the ongoing threat of climate change, means that society is becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of extreme precipitation. The study of these events is therefore a key topic in climate research, in their physical basis, in the study of their impacts, and in our adaptation to them. From a meteorological perspective, the main questions are related to the definition of extreme events, changes in their distribution and intensity both globally and regionally, the dependence on large‐scale phenomena including the role of moisture transport, and changes in their behavior due to anthropogenic pressures. In this review article, we address all these points and propose a set of challenges for future research.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Water ExtremesScience of Water > Hydrological Processes
Cluster analysis: A modern statistical review
Authors: Jaeger Adam , Banks David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCluster analysis is a big, sprawling field. This review paper cannot hope to fully survey the territory. Instead, it focuses on hierarchical agglomerative clustering,k‐means clustering, mixture models, and then several related topics of which any cluster analysis practitioner should be aware. Even then, this review cannot do justice to the chosen topics. There is a lot of literature, and often it is somewhat ad hoc. That is generally the nature of cluster analysis—each application requires a bespoke analysis. Nonetheless, clustering has proven itself to be incredibly useful as an exploratory data analysis tool in biology, advertising, recommender systems, and genomics.This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Flow Dynamics in Stented Ureter
Authors: Zheng Shaokai , Carugo Dario , Clavica Francesco , Mosayyebi Ali , Waters Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrinary flow is governed by the principles of fluid mechanics. Urodynamic studies have revealed the fundamental kinematics and dynamics of urinary flow in various physiological and pathological conditions, which are cornerstones for future development of diagnostic knowledge and innovative devices. There are three primary approaches to study the fluid mechanical characteristics of urinary flow: reduced order, computational, and experimental methods. Reduced-order methods exploit the disparate length scales inherent in the system to reveal the key dominant physics. Computational models can simulate fully three-dimensional, time-dependent flows in physiologically-inspired anatomical domains. Finally, experimental models provide an excellent counterpart to reduced and computational models by providing physical tests under various physiological and pathological conditions. While the interdisciplinary approaches to date have provided a wealth of insight into the fluid mechanical properties of the stented ureter, the next challenge is to develop new theoretical, computational and experimental models to capture the complex interplay between the fluid dynamics in stented ureters and biofilm/encrustation growth. Such studies will (1) enable identification of clinically relevant scenarios to improve patients’ treatment, and (2) provide physical guidelines for next-generation stent design.
Novel Antimicrobial Strategies to Combat Biomaterial Infections
Authors: Marković Zoran M. , Marković Biljana M. Todorović 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacteria are present in nature everywhere and the combat with them has the major priority especially in various industrial settings (i.e. food industry) or medical devices. It was established earlier that most of bacteria found in nature exist in the form of biofilms (attached to surface of different objects and not as free floating organisms).There are several possible strategies to reduce or prevent bacterial infections among different populations: patients and medical staff. One of the alternative strategies independent of human labor, is to produce antibacterial coatings to reduce or eliminate bacteria colonization on surfaces by leaching of biocides, antibacterial surfaces with deposited metals such as copper, silver or gold, formation of superhydrophobic surfaces and surfaces encapsulated by photoactive nanoparticles.A new light triggered strategies to combat bacterial infections and possible usage of photoactive polymers for these purposes. Photoactive antibacterial polymers are highly promising solution for novel medical devices. To enable their wise usage for the treatment of urinary infections some changes must be made. For example, the effectiveness of photoactive polymers inside human body can be increased by incorporation of micron sized electronic devices (light emitting diode, light detector, pH sensor, radio frequent device) into polymer matrices.
New Double-J Stent Design for Preventing/Reducing Irritative Bladder Symptoms and Flank Pain
Authors: Yachia Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stents entered the urologists armamentarium after Finney described the first Double-J in the late 1970s. Despite the problems they create, yearly 1.5–2 million ureteral stents are inserted world-wide into obstructed ureters, either in their original JJ shape or in their various modifications for short and long indwelling period. About 15% of these stents are used in chronically obstructed ureters. This chapter describes a ureteral stent with a modified bladder end for preventing/reducing the irritative symptoms induced by the trigonal area friction by the stent. This is obtained by changing the direction of its bladder end and by adding a novel antireflux element for preventing reflux of urine to the kidney causing flank pain.
Drug Eluting Devices in the Urinary Tract
Authors: Kallidonis Panagiotis , Vagionis Athanasios , Liourdi Despoina , Liatsikos Evangelos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe obstruction of the upper urinary tract represents a common medical condition which could be related to significant and life-threating complications such acute renal failure and urosepsis. Ureteral stents are commonly used to prevent and manage such complications. However, the use of standard stents involves significant comorbidities, including stent-associated infection, encrustation, migration, urothelial hyperplasia reaction. Also, urethral strictures represent a common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction with the characteristic of frequent recurrence. Patients suffering from urethral strictures can be treated by minimally invasive techniques such as mechanical dilatation with balloon or placing of urethral stents. In attempt to address the any stent-related complications, the urological research considered ideas and concepts used in interventional cardiology and radiology. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is the gold standard for coronary revascularization, even if restenosis complications exist in concerning rates. To address this complication, stents bearing drugs agents (most commonly immunosuppressive agents) have been used. These drug-eluting stents (DESs) release single or multiple bioactive agents, which are deposited on adjacent tissues. The immunosuppressive substances reduce benign tissue proliferation and their use has significantly reduced restenosis rates after PTCA. In a similar fashion, the drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are used as a new alternative instead of DESs in selected cases and offer important advantages. Their drug is released directly at the site of the stricture while avoiding any foreign material at the site of the stricture. Unfortunately, possibility of using DCBs in endourology is also under research.
Use of Drugs to Reduce the Morbidity of Ureteral Stents
Authors: Shah Milap , Hameed B. M. Zeeshan , Pietropaolo Amelia , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDouble ureteral stents are amongst the commonest procedures performed in urology. However, there are complications such as infection, and encrustation associated with its use, together with uncomfortable lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The latter are known as stent related symptoms (SRS) and are commonly reported in the scientific literature. SRS mentioned in literature are urgency, frequency, dysuria, haematuria, pain in the suprapubic and flank region. These can result in decreased sexual activity, reduced work performance, as well as decreased quality of life (QoL) in more than two-third of the patients. Drugs still hold the key in reducing the morbidity related to the ureteral stents.In terms of monotherapy, Alpha blockers as well as Antimuscarinics are effective in reducing SRS. Role of Mirabegron in the field is currently gaining importance. However, combination therapy reaches better outcomes than monotherapy alone while in cases with sexual dysfunction along with stent related symptoms, PDE5-I are better than other options. The role of complementary therapy for SRS with natural remedies is promising but needs to be assessed further. More randomized studies and laboratory trials are necessary to analyse possible alternative treatments for SRS that can heavily affects patients’ quality of life.
Investing in Suicide Prevention: Zero Suicide in a Pediatric System of Care
Authors: Thomas Glenn V. , Chapman Meredith R. , Grumet Julie Goldstein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn large systems of care, the identification and treatment of suicide risk can be inconsistent and ineffective in the absence of a systemic approach to suicide prevention. The Zero Suicide framework provides a model for system-wide transformation of suicide care by providing best practice strategies and tools. This chapter describes the process of implementing Zero Suicide in a large pediatric hospital starting within a Behavioral Health service line. Gaps and future steps as well as policy implications are discussed.
Machine Learning for Suicide Prediction and Prevention: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Wang Shirley B. , Dempsey Walter , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the role of machine learning in youth suicide prevention. Following a brief history of suicide prediction, research is reviewed demonstrating that machine learning can enhance suicide prediction beyond traditional clinical and statistical approaches. Strategies for internal and external model evaluation, methods for integrating model results into clinical decision-making processes, and ethical issues raised by building and implementing suicide prediction models are discussed. Finally, future directions for this work are highlighted, including the need for collaborative science and the importance of both data- and theory-driven computational methods.
Effective Suicide Prevention and Intervention in Schools
Authors: Ayer Lynsay , Nickerson Kerri , Grumet Julie Goldstein , Hoover Sharon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSchools are increasingly relied upon to foster students’ social-emotional development and address mental health concerns. Schools can also play an important role in their communities by identifying and responding to youth at risk for suicide. In this chapter, we summarize existing research on suicide prevention in schools, highlight promising programs and practices, and provide recommendations for how school personnel, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can advance science and practice and ultimately prevent youth suicide.
Triple Effect
Authors: Hart Matthew J , Hill Daniel J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses a rival strategy to ours for interpreting the Scriptures, based on philosophical work by F. M. Kamm (1948–). Before Kamm’s work, a certain principle of means–end reasoning was assumed: ‘if a rational agent intends an end and believes that their doing something is a means necessary to that end, then insofar as they are rational and do not abandon the end, they intend that means to their end’, as Kamm puts it. The chapter reproduces some of Kamm’s counterexamples to that principle, and explains her alternative ‘triple effect’ principle, that it suffices for rationality that the agent act because that means leads to their end. In other words, a rational agent need not intend the known means to their end.
Assessing Interpretative Strategies
Authors: Hart Matthew J , Hill Daniel J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter assesses how well the two rival strategies from the previous chapters, Kamm’s ‘triple effect’ strategy and the substratum strategy, fare when it comes to interpreting the Scriptures. It is argued with respect to the test case of Joseph and his brothers related in Genesis 50 that the two strategies both on their own and in combination do not fare as well as the more natural interpretation that is proposed in the book. That is, it is argued that the natural interpretation of the Scriptures is that God does indeed intend that sin occur, and that the rival interpretations involve unnatural philosophical contortions of interpretation.
Passages from the Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures)
Authors: Hart Matthew J , Hill Daniel J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses in depth a number of passages from the Old Testament (Hebrew Scriptures): Genesis 50:20, Exodus 4:21, Deuteronomy 2:26–30, Joshua 11:18–20, Judges 14:3–4, 1 Samuel 2:22–25, 2 Samuel 24:9–14, 1 Kings 22:19–23, Job 1:9–22, Psalm 105:25, Proverbs 16:4, Isaiah 6:9–10, and Ezekiel 20:25–26. For each passage, the chapter considers the amount of evidence (strong, moderate, or weak) that it provides for the book’s thesis, that God intends that sin occur. Also, for each passage the chapter considers alternative interpretations, interpretations on which God does not intend that sin occur. These interpretations are thesubstratuminterpretation, the Kammian interpretation, and the combinedsubstratum–Kammian interpretation.
Migration
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractState policies may strongly influence the employment of migrants for care and domestic work (Ruhs & Anderson, 2010). Both sending and receiving countries have adopted mechanisms to channel migrants (especially women) into this specific occupation. The care market-oriented scenario described in the previous pages creates a growing demand for a (female) migrant labour force employed to work for longer hours and at lower wages than local workers (Anderson & Shutes, 2014; Cangiano & Shutes, 2010). These migrant care workers are generally disadvantaged by policies privileging skilled over unskilled migration, as well as by legislation denying (long-term) residence permits to people employed in the care sector. Policies that make the regular employment of migrants very difficult contribute to the under-valuation of these jobs, which are generally assigned to the most vulnerable and stigmatized subjects in each national context (Lan, 2006). Women migrating to work in the domestic and private care sector face a complex landscape of migration and labour regulations that is extremely difficult to navigate. The situation is also problematic for households that cannot find appropriate or affordable care within declining welfare states and among fellow nationals reluctant to take these jobs, but are forbidden or discouraged from directly hiring a domestic worker who is a third-country national. As a consequence, irregular migration and informal work are expanding within the realm of private homes.
The Challenge of the Integrated Seismic Strengthening and Environmental Upgrading of Existing Buildings
Authors: Negro Paolo , Romano Elvira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe construction industry, as a main energy consumer and a foremost contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, has been undergoing a “green revolution” in the recent years. Sustainability has become a prominent issue, therefore a framework for including energy efficiency and sustainability in the design of buildings is badly needed. Sustainability is the core of the European Renovation Wave strategy and of the New European Bauhaus initiative.A design approach, named SAFESUST (SAFEty and SUSTainability) has been proposed at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, able to address at the same time structural safety, energy and environmental performances. The output of this approach is a unique parameter, expressed in monetary terms, which helps in identifying the most appropriate design solution.More recently, the Joint Research Centre, under mandate of the European Parliament, has activated a European Pilot Project named “Integrated techniques for the seismic strengthening and energy efficiency of existing buildings”. The project is expected to put forward a simplified holistic approach to improve simultaneously the seismic safety and energy efficiency of the existing European building stock and to stimulate the use of integrated solutions.The Joint Research Centre is also conducting a Preparatory Action for the definition of a labelling strategy for the implementation of the New European Bauhaus initiative.
Fazit
Authors: Bruhn Svenja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungResümierend kann Jessikas Aussage „Ich sehe auf meinem Kopf so viele Aufgaben.“ durch seine Bildhaftigkeit sinnhaft als das Erleben der eigenen Kreativität gesehen werden und verdeutlichen, vor welcher großen Chance Schüler*innen bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben im Mathematikunterricht stehen. Meine Dissertation darf daher als Einladung zu einem neugierigen Blick auf die individuelle mathematische Kreativität aller Schüler*innen verstanden werden.
Ergebnisse aus dem Sampling-Verfahren
Authors: Bruhn Svenja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des quantitativen Sampling-Verfahrens wurden mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse aus dem Grundsample von 78 Schulkindern aufgrund ihrer intellektuellen und mathematischen Fähigkeiten sowie dem verwendeten Lehrwerk 18 Erstklässler*innen für die Teilnahme an der qualitativen Studie ausgewählt. Die Cluster selbst stellen vier verschiedene sogenannte Fähigkeitsprofile der Erstklässler*innen bezogen auf ihre mathematischen und intellektuellen Fähigkeiten dar.
Infrared properties of five-point massive amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM on the Coulomb branch
Authors: Bork L. V. , Muzhichkov N. B. , Sozinov E. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the structure of the five-point W boson scattering amplitude in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on the Coulomb branch in a small mass limit. We show that up to two loops the IR divergences exponentiate and are controlled by the Γoct anomalous dimension similar to the four-point amplitude case considered recently in the literature. We also make a conjecture regarding the all-loop structure of the five-point amplitude.
Three-point functions in a $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal gauge theory and their strong-coupling limit
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. , Vallarino P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the 3-point functions of single-trace scalar operators in a four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM theory with gauge group SU(N) and matter in the symmetric plus anti-symmetric representation, which has a vanishing β-function. By mapping this computation to the matrix model arising from localization on a 4-sphere we are able to resum the perturbative expansion in the large-N ’t Hooft limit and derive the behavior of the correlators at strong coupling. Finally, by combining our results on the 3-point functions with those on the 2-point functions that have been recently found, we obtain the normalized 3-point coefficients of this conformal field theory at strong coupling and find that they depend in a simple way on the conformal dimensions of the single-trace operators.
Landau discriminants
Authors: Mizera Sebastian , Telen Simon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories have intricate analytic properties as functions of the energies and momenta of the scattered particles. In perturbation theory, their singularities are governed by a set of nonlinear polynomial equations, known as Landau equations, for each individual Feynman diagram. The singularity locus of the associated Feynman integral is made precise with the notion of the Landau discriminant, which characterizes when the Landau equations admit a solution. In order to compute this discriminant, we present approaches from classical elimination theory, as well as a numerical algorithm based on homotopy continuation. These methods allow us to compute Landau discriminants of various Feynman diagrams up to 3 loops, which were previously out of reach. For instance, the Landau discriminant of the envelope diagram is a reducible surface of degree 45 in the three-dimensional space of kinematic invariants. We investigate geometric properties of the Landau discriminant, such as irreducibility, dimension and degree. In particular, we find simple examples in which the Landau discriminant has codimension greater than one. Furthermore, we describe a numerical procedure for determining which parts of the Landau discriminant lie in the physical regions. In order to study degenerate limits of Landau equations and bounds on the degree of the Landau discriminant, we introduce Landau polytopes and study their facet structure. Finally, we provide an efficient numerical algorithm for the computation of the number of master integrals based on the connection to algebraic statistics. The algorithms used in this work are implemented in the open-source Julia package Landau.jl available at https://mathrepo.mis.mpg.de/Landau/.
Spectral form factor in sparse SYK models
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Misobuchi Anderson , Raz Amir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the spectral form factor of the sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. We use numerical methods to establish that at intermediate times the connected part of the spectral form factor is the dominant one. These connected contributions arise from fluctuations around the disconnected geometry, not from a new saddle point. A similar effect was previously conjectured in SYK but required a value of N out of reach of current numerical simulations.