bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Trans-Sphincteric Fistula-In-Ano with Combined Therapy of Laser and Kshara Sutra
Authors: Mohammad Amir  , Mrigank Shekhar  , Arun Kumar Singh  , Neelam Gupta  
Published: March 2022

Fistula-in-ano is most infectious disease among all the ano-rectal disorders since ancient times. Over the past few decades, various techniques are being evaluated in terms to prevent its recurrence and complications; it is still a challenging surgical disease. The sign and symptoms of fistula in ano resembles with Bhagandar described in Ayurvedic classics. Kshara sutra therapy (medicated thread) practiced in Ayurveda Since ancient time for the management of Naadi Vrana and Bhagandar. Kshara sutra therapy has revolutionized the treatment of fistula-in-ano, as it treat the main culprit of fistula that is cryptoglandular origin but the drawback of Kshara sutra therapy are as it takes more number of hospital visit, long anxiety period and discomfort. In present time LASER therapy is used in various medical surgery and also in proctology like in fistula as FILAC, DLPL etc. Diode LASER 980nm (Radial Fibre) burns unhealthy granulation tissues in 360° manner with less or minimal pain, LASER act as photo evaporation effect and leads to the shrinkage of the fistula tract. But if we do LASER in internal opening of fistula it provides a bare area for microbes and creates a chance to re-infects the crypts and anal glands, which further leads recurrent fistula formation. Therefore a novel technique for sphincter preserving surgery proposed as combined therapy of Kshara sutra ligation for main culprit that is cryptoglandular infection as SMAK (Sub Mucosal Application of Kshara Sutra) and LASER, shrink the remaining fistula tract instantly
International Lower Urinary Tract Function Data Set: A Study in Spinal Cord Injury Population in HRC
Authors: Abdul Halim Hassan  , Farah Husna Mohd Fadzil  , Vairavanathan Theenathayalan  , Siti Suhaida Sudin  
Published: March 2022

Background and aim: The majority of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients will experience bladder dysfunction, referred to as neurogenic bladder, which results in problems related to storage and release of urine. It is critical for primary care providers to work with patients to develop an effective voiding routine to avoid complications of inadequate bladder management. This study reviews the epidemiology data of spinal cord injury patients with the neurogenic bladder in a rehabilitation hospital. Methods: A retrospective survey involved the opportunistic study of 179 patients with SCI who underwent a urodynamic study. The information was collected using International Lower Urinary Tract Function Basic SCI Data Set and analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: There were 179 SCI patients with neurogenic bladder between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020. Predominantly was male (n = 121, 68% ) with the mean age of 37. Majority are paraplegia ( n = 121, 68%). The cause of injury is mainly traumatic (n = 102, 57.3%), with the highest number of incomplete injuries (n = 113, 63.5%) compared to incomplete injury. The majority of them have an awareness of the bladder sensation (n = 128, 71.9%). CISC is the main method of bladder emptying technique used by the patients, which comprise 83 patients (46.6%), followed by normal voiding method (n = 63, 35.4%) and other methods that patients have used are straining (n = 3), involuntary reflex (n = 3) and crede (n = 1). CBD is the main method for 16 patients (9%). The majority of these patients have daily leaking (n = 88, 49.4%), requiring a collecting device (n = 80, 44.9%). Only 28 patients (31.8%) with daily leaking has bladder relaxant on board. A total of 77 (43.3%) of the samples has bladder changes within the last year. Conclusion: This descriptive study provides valuable information for clinicians regarding patients’ bladder management. However, the data collection has ideally been done at a timely follow-up interval to better understand the issues.
Atmospheric rivers in CMIP5 climate ensembles downscaled with a high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Dieterich Christian , Dutheil Cyril , Meier H. E. Markus , Sein Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are important drivers of hazardous precipitation
levels and are often associated with intense floods. So far, the response of ARs to climate change in Europe has been investigated using global climate models within the CMIP5 framework. However, the spatial resolution of those models (1–3∘) is too coarse for an adequate assessment of local to regional precipitation patterns. Using a regional climate model with 0.22∘ resolution, we downscaled an ensemble consisting of 1 ERA-Interim (ERAI) reanalysis data hindcast simulation, 9 global historical, and 24 climate scenario
simulations following greenhouse gas emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and
RCP8.5. The performance of the climate model to simulate AR frequencies and AR-induced precipitation was tested against ERAI. Overall, we find a good agreement between the downscaled CMIP5 historical simulations and ERAI. However, the downscaled simulations better represented small-scale spatial characteristics. This was most evident over the terrain of the Iberian Peninsula, where the AR-induced precipitation pattern clearly reflected prominent east–west topographical elements, resulting in zonal bands of high and low AR impact. Over central Europe, the models simulated a smaller propagation distance of ARs toward eastern Europe than obtained using the ERAI data. Our models showed that ARs in a future warmer climate will be more frequent
and more intense, especially in the higher-emission scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5). However, assuming low emissions (RCP2.6), the related changes can
be mostly mitigated. According to the high-emission scenario RCP8.5,
AR-induced precipitation will increase by 20 %–40 % in western central
Europe, whereas mean precipitation rates increase by a maximum of only
12 %. Over the Iberian Peninsula, AR-induced precipitation will slightly
decrease (∼6 %) but the decrease in the mean rate will be larger (∼15 %). These changes will lead to an overall increased fractional contribution of ARs to heavy precipitation, with the greatest impact over the Iberian Peninsula (15 %–30 %) and western France (∼15 %). Likewise, the fractional share of yearly maximum precipitation attributable to ARs will increase over the Iberian Peninsula, the UK, and western France. Over Norway, average AR precipitation rates will decline by −5 % to
−30 %, most likely due to dynamic changes, with ARs originating from
latitudes > 60∘ N decreasing by up to 20 % and those originating south of 45∘ N increasing. This suggests that ARs over
Norway will follow longer routes over the continent, such that additional
moisture uptake will be impeded. By contrast, ARs from >60∘ N will take up moisture from the North Atlantic before making landfall over Norway. The found changes in the local AR pathway are probably driven by larger-scale circulation changes such as a change in dominating weather regimes and/or changes in the winter storm track over the North Atlantic.
Postcolonial Subject as Modern Orient: A Critical Analysis of Shamsie’s Home Fire
Authors: Ahmed Zia , Hafsa Qadir Buzdar  , Kamran Umaima 
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to explore the evolution and portrayal of the modern Orients in Pakistani fiction and attempts to determine the causes, factors and impact of this shift from simple orient to New Orient. New orient is a discourse being popularized by the west under the influence of Islamophobia to generate a specific type of violent orient whose main job is to spread terrorism and is therefore dangerous. The similar discourses are being followed by the writers from non-western areas of the world and are deeply connected with the formerly colonized country. The new orient is an unwanted person whose loyalties with the identity, community, race and language are constantly shifting in his portrayal in the fiction. This necessitates a debate and discussion about this new orient. This research study delimits to Shamsie’s Home Fire to investigate the new orient and to determine the level of change that has occurred in the patterns of representation in the 21st century under the forces of globalization, neo-colonialism and islamophobia. Above all, this orient is not represented by the European writer but by the Postcolonial writers, such as Shamsie. The writers intend to read the selected chunks of the text under the lens of new-Orientalism and evaluate the portrayals of Aneeka and Parvaiz as the new-orientals, as portrayed by Shamsie. The most probable outcome of the study is that the post 9/11 fiction has given birth to a new set of issues related to the Orient and their settlements and has brought more sophistication in the characters of orient and hence they have diverted from their traditional portrayals as Orients.
The Use of Irony as a Feministic Device to Deter Gender-Nationalistic Duo in Meatless Days
Authors: Shaista Dr. Shaista Andleeb , Muhammad Asif Khan Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan 
Published: March 2022

The analogy of critical representation of the feminine issues prohibits the sustained continuation of the ideological manuscript of gender division in Pakistan. The Postcolonial nativity, the charisma of nationalism, the rigid concentration of aristocratic Westernization create a hard line between the social, cultural, and political identification of regional/national roles after the establishment of Pakistan. Bhabha (1994) reminds us that ‘postcoloniality is a salutary reminder of the persistent neo-colonial relations within new world order’(p.06). The structure of crucial gender boundaries is drawn in Pakistani society to promote the collective nationalistic consciousness in the wake of political achievements. Whereas, ‘the recesses of the domestic space become sites for history’s most intricate invasions’ (1994, p.09).This invasion confuses the ‘borders between home and world’ and combines the public and private to a more disorienting vision of life. This paper tries to recollect the gist of deformed gender rhetoric in the nationalistic restructuring of Pakistani society in Meatless Days by Sara Suleri. The paper concentrates on the artistic development in the course of the memoir to identify the irony of people as a dichotomy between the real and the fictional re-appropriation of Postcolonial Pakistan.
Key Words: Feminism, Nationalistic consciousness, Gender-boundaries,
Memoir, Irony, Postcolonial Pakistan.
Comparative study of retinal ganglion cell complex thickness with retinal nerve fibre layer and visual field changes in cases of suspicious disc or glaucoma suspect
Authors: Manade Varsha , Dhavalikar Sneha , Kotecha Megha , Paranjpe Radhika 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To compare and correlate macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC) with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and visual field (VF) changes in cases of suspicious disc or glaucoma suspect. Methods: A total of 60 glaucoma suspects, were included in the study group. These patients were subjected to standard investigations for glaucoma like tonometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), gonioscopy and fundoscopy. Visual fields were assessed using automated static perimetry of Humphrey Automated Visual Field Analyser. The test used was central 30-2 SITA standard. optical coherence tomography was done using RTvue, model 100 (version 5.1) to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion Cell complex thickness (GCC). Correlation of RNFL and GCC was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and correlation between GCC and VF was assessed using two independent sample t –test. Results: A total of 60 eyes of 60 glaucoma suspects, were enrolled in the study both males and females were included.
Ứng dụng thành công liệu pháp hút áp lực âm điều trị tổn thương bỏng sâu lộ gân, xương ngón tay ở trẻ em do dòng điện hạ thế
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hương , Lê Đức Mẫn , Hồ Thị Vân Anh 
Published: March 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Bàn, ngón tay có vai trò quan trọng về chức năng và thẩm mĩ. Tổn thương bỏng sâu ở vùng này thường lộ gân, xương và khớp. Vết thương lộ gân, xương cần được che phủ sớm để tránh hoại tử tiến triển. Vạt da dày toàn lớp là lựa chọn lý tưởng điều trị bỏng sâu vùng bàn ngón tay, nhưng khó ứng dụng cho mọi trường hợp.Liệu pháp hút áp lực âm (VAC - Vacuum Assisted closure) đã được ứng dụng có hiệu quả trong điều trị các tổn thương lộ gân, xương góp phần che phủ các thành phần dưới da tránh tổn thương thứ phát và chuẩn bị nền vết thương cho phẫu thuật tiếp theo. Tuy nhiên, các tổn thương lộ gân xương vùng ngón bàn tay không dễ dàng đặt hút áp lực âm như một số vị trí khác trên cơ thể do đặc điểm giải phẫu vùng ngón tay, đặc biệt là ngón tay trẻ em với kích thước nhỏ.Do đó, kỹ thuật này chưa được sử dụng rông rãi trong điều trị các vùng bỏng sâu ở bàn, ngón tay trẻ em. Ở bài báo này, chúng tôi giới thiệu một trong những ca bệnh thành công khi ứng dụng liệu pháp VAC.Giới thiệu ca bệnh: Bệnh nhân Phạm Việt A., nam, 3 tuổi vào Khoa Điều trị Bỏng Trẻ em, Bệnh viện Bỏng quốc gia Lê Hữu Trác ngày 28/08/2020 với chẩn đoán 20cm2 bỏng độ V ngón 2, 3, 4, 5 bàn tay phải do dòng điện hạ thế. Bệnh nhân đã được phẫu thuật cắt hoại tử, sau đó tiến hành hút áp lực âm đến khi tổ chức hạt hình thành che phủ gân xương lộ, tiến hành ghép da mảnh trung bình. Da ghép bám sống tốt.Kết luận: Liệu pháp hút áp lực âm có thể triển khai áp dụng có hiệu quả đối với các tổn thương bỏng sâu lộ gân, xương vùng bàn, ngón tay trẻ em.
Perubahan Nilai Tukar Mata Uang dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sistem Pengembalian Hutang (Studi Toko Lancar Jaya dan Kelompok Tani Jaya)
Authors: Imron Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Pada kehidupan seseorang tidak terlepas dari transaksi utang piutang yang melatar belakangi pemenuhan kebutuhannya, hutang piutang yang dilakukan masyarkat desa Bago dengan toko lancar jaya dan kelompok tani jaya sama halnya dengan hutang piutang pada umunya namun pengembaliannya didasarkan pada kurs mata uang dolar, oleh karena itu selalu berubah tiap waktunya, pada saat peminjam kurs dolar pada saat itu Rp.9.581 persatu dolar, dan dikembalikan di tahun 2020 dengan kurs senilai Rp.14.341 (IDR) Rupiah. Penelitian ini menganilis praktek hutang piutang yang dilakukan masyarakat desa Bago dengan toko lancar jaya dan kelompok tani jaya kemudian dianalisa dengan akad qardh. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan (field research), yaitu dengan cara terjun langsung kelapangan/lokasi penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitan ditemukan pengembalian hutang di toko Lancar jaya dan kelompok Tani jaya pada perjanjian awalnya sudah memenuhi syarat dan rukun dalam hutang piutang, namun pada praktek pengembalian hutang terdapat kelebihan pembayaran hutang yang didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa nilai tukar mata uang rupiah dengan dolar selalu mengalami kenaikan, yang mana para penghutang harus mengembalikan hutangnya dengan kelebihan sejumlah 5% dari jumlah hutang mereka, kelebihan pembayaran ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai riba qardh atau riba dalam pinjaman.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas XII IPA MA Hasanah Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019 Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD)
Authors: Rezeki Sri 
Published: March 2022

Hasil belajar yang baik merupakan tujuan dari suatu proses pembelajaran. Berbagai usaha dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa diantaranya pemilihan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat coba diterapkan untuk menghasilkan hasil belajar yang baik tersebut adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement division (STAD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model kooperatif tipe STAD dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran biologi di kelas XII IPA MA Hasanah Pekanbaru tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dimana masing- masing siklus terdiri dari fase perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November 2018. Dari pelaksanaan penelitian didapat hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswadari siklus 1 sebanyak 12 orang atau sebesar 71 % tuntas meningkat menjadi 17 orang tuntas atau sebesar 100 % pada siklus 2. Sementara Untuk daya serap siswa sebesar 79 % pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 86% pada siklus 2. Dari Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif model pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Heart rate variability, mood and performance: a pilot study on the interrelation of these variables in amateur road cyclists
Authors: Alfonso Carla , Capdevila Lluis 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The present study seeks to explore the relationship between measures of cycling training on a given day and the heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states obtained the following morning. The association between HRV and mood state is also studied, as is the relationship between internal and external measures of training.

Methods
During a 6-week period, five recreational road cyclists collected 123 recordings of morning HRV and morning mood, and 66 recordings of training power and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Training power was used as an external measure of performance and RPE as an internal measure of performance. The HRV parameters used in the study were the mean of RR intervals (mean RR) and the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) as time domain analysis, and the normalized high frequency band (HFnu), normalized low frequency band (LFnu) and the ratio between low and high frequency bands, as frequency domain analysis. Mood was measured using a 10-point cognitive scale.

Results
It was found that the higher the training power on a given day, the lower the HFnu and the higher LF/HF were on the following morning. At the same time, results showed an inverse relationship between training and mood, so the tougher a training session, the lower the mood the following day. A relationship between morning HRV and mood was also found, so that the higher mean RR and HFnu, the more positive the mood (r = 0.497 and r = 0.420 respectively; p < 0.001). Finally, RPE correlated positively with external power load variables (IF: r = 0.545; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Altogether, the results indicate a relationship between training of cyclists on a given day and their morning HRV and mood state on the following day. Mood and HRV also seem positively related. It is argued that developing a monitoring system that considers external and internal training loads, together with morning mood, could help understand the state of the individual, enabling feedback to athletes to facilitate the adaptation to training and to prevent problems associated with overtraining. However, more research is needed to further understand the association between the different variables considered.
Phamrmacoligical Therapies for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review from 2022 Updated Nih, IDSA and ICMR Guidelines
Authors: Wani Ab Ahad , Ashraf Kar Tahir , Ab Malik latief , Islam Jawhar Ul , Shafi Aamir , Mubashir Wani , Ahmad Aleena , Azra Khan , Ahmad Dawood , Altaf Nayarah , Ahmad Shahid 
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had catestrophic results on the world’s economy and demographics leading to more than 4 million fatalities.This has been the most devastating world crisis after the 1918 pandemic which was caused by influenza. The main concerns regarding the disease have been lack of specific antiviral therapies. Results from recent trials have given some hope and promising results for the treatment of COVID-19 especially Molnupiravir, Monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase inhibitors. This review article gives a comprehensive update on various pharmacological therapies in the light of recently published standard treatment guidelines based on large clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19.
The seizure‐inducing plastic explosive RDX inhibits the α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor
Authors: Pressly Brandon , Lee Ruth D. , Singh Vikrant , Pessah Isaac N. , Wulff Heike 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveRoyal demolition explosive (RDX) can induce seizures in wildlife and humans following release into the environment or after voluntary consumption. During the Vietnam War, RDX intoxication was the most common cause of generalized seizures in US service personnel, and in some sections of the armed forces, eating of RDX has continued as “a dare” to this day. After its mechanism of action was long unknown, RDX was recently shown to be a GABAA receptor antagonist. We here determined the GABAA receptor subtype‐selectivity of RDX and mapped its functional binding site.MethodsWe used whole‐cell patch‐clamp to determine the potency of RDX on 10 recombinantly expressed GABAA receptors and mapped the RDX binding site using a combination of Rosetta molecular modeling and site‐directed mutagenesis.ResultsRDX was found to reversibly inhibit the α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor with an IC50 of 23 μmol/L (95% CI 15.1–33.3 μmol/L), whereas α4 and α6 containing GABAA receptor combinations were 4–10‐fold less sensitive. RDX is binding to the noncompetitive antagonist (NCA) site in the pore. In a molecular model based on the cryo‐EM structure of the resting state of the α1β2γ2 receptor, RDX forms two hydrogen bonds with the threonines at the T6’ ring and makes hydrophobic interactions with the valine and alanine in 2′ position of the α1 or β2 subunits.InterpretationOur findings characterize the mechanism of action of RDX at the atomistic level and suggest that RDX‐induced seizures should be susceptible to treatment with GABAA modulating drugs such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, propofol, or neurosteroids.
Ultrahigh Energy Density in Continuously Gradient‐Structured All‐Organic Dielectric Polymer Films
Authors: Jiang Yanda , Wang Jian , Yan Shengliao , Shen Zhonghui , Dong Lijie , Zhang Shujun , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance dielectric capacitors are critical for advanced electronics and electrical power systems. Polymeric dielectrics have been widely investigated for using in dielectric capacitors because of their high dielectric constants, flexibility, low density, and easy processability. However, it is still challenging to achieve simultaneous improvements in both energy density and efficiency in these dielectric polymers. Here, we report ferroelectric polyvinylidene‐fluoride‐based all‐organic dielectric polymer films with continuous compositional gradient structure are reported by modulating the spatial distribution of polymethyl‐methacrylate components, prepared via a facile and scalable additive manufacturing method. The continuous out‐of‐plane composition gradient in the all‐organic dielectric polymer films allows to tune electrical and mechanical behaviors, and thus induces a notably enhanced breakdown strength by modulating the electromechanical breakdown process related to the coupling of local electric field and stress. An ultrahigh discharge energy density of 38.8 J cm−3 along with a high discharge efficiency of >80% is achieved at the electric field of 800 kV mm−1 in the gradient polymer films, which is the highest energy density reported thus far in polymer‐based dielectrics including their nanocomposites and the highest energy efficiency achieved along with an energy density of >30 J cm−3.