bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives
Authors: Górska Agata , Mazur Antonina Joanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntegrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell–matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK–PINCH–Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
Evidenzbasierte Off-label-Anwendung von Arzneimitteln bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Male Christoph , Neubert Antje , Grytli Helene , Gradwohl Christina , Strommer Barbara , Lagler Florian B. , Rascher Wolfgang , Halvorsen Thomas , de Wildt Saskia N. , van der Zanden Tjitske M. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungTrotz verbesserter gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen bei der Entwicklung von Arzneimitteln (AM) für Kinder bestehen für viele pädiatrische Therapiebereiche und v. a. die jüngsten Altersgruppen immer noch große Defizite in der AM-Versorgung. Daher müssen viele AM für Kinder außerhalb der Zulassung (off-label) und somit ohne pädiatrische Fachinformationen angewendet werden. Dadurch besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für inadäquate Dosierungen sowie fehlende oder unerwünschte Wirkungen. In der Off-label-Anwendung haben Verschreibende eine erhöhte Verantwortung, auf die bestverfügbare Evidenz zurückzugreifen, um altersentsprechende Dosierungen zu wählen sowie Nutzen und Risiko zu bewerten. Dieser Verantwortung können einzelne Verschreibende kaum gerecht werden, weil die wenigen verfügbaren pädiatrischen Daten oft von heterogener Qualität und nicht unmittelbar verfügbar sind.Das internationale Konsortium von Kinderformularien stellt eine Kollaboration in derzeit vier europäischen Ländern dar (Niederlande, Deutschland, Österreich, Norwegen) dar und baut auf dem niederländischen Kinderformularium auf. Das Konsortium hält AM-Informationen für Kinder und Jugendliche, basierend auf bestverfügbarer Evidenz, bereit; diese werden anhand von systematischen Recherchen, kritischen Evaluationen, ExpertInnenreviews, internationaler Harmonisierung sowie regelmäßigen Aktualisierungen erstellt und transparent referenziert. Die Plattform ist webbasiert und Nutzern in der jeweiligen Landessprache frei zugänglich.Das internationale Konsortium von Kinderformularien bietet die Grundlage der Off-label-Anwendung von AM bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, um nach bestverfügbarer Evidenz altersentsprechende Dosierungen zu wählen sowie Nutzen und Risiko abzuwägen.
Die neue Parkinson-Schmerzklassifikation (PSK)
Authors: Mylius V. , Perez Lloret S. , Brook C. S. , Krüger M. T. , Hägele-Link S. , Gonzenbach R. , Kassubek J. , Bohlhalter S. , Lefaucheur J. P. , Timmermann L. , Kägi G. , Brugger F. , Ciampi de Andrade D. , Möller J. C. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundChronische Schmerzen sind ein häufiges nichtmotorisches Symptom beim Patienten mit M. Parkinson.Ziel der ArbeitDa die Zuordnung von Schmerzen bei Parkinson-Patienten nicht einfach ist, haben wir eine neue Parkinson-Schmerzklassifikation (PSK) mit einem zugehörigen Fragebogen validiert und nun ins Deutsche übersetzt.MethodenZunächst kann der Zusammenhang von Schmerzen mit der Parkinson-Erkrankung anhand von vier Fragen festgestellt werden, bevor die weitere hierarchisch aufgebaute Unterteilung in eine von drei Schmerzkategorien erfolgt (neuropathisch, nozizeptiv und noziplastisch).ErgebnisseBei 77 % der Patienten (122/159) der initialen Validierungsstudie lagen Parkinson-assoziierte Schmerzen vor, wobei bei 87 (55 %) Patienten nozizeptive, bei 36 (22 %) noziplastische und bei 24 Patienten (16 %) neuropathische Schmerzen vorlagen. Die Studie zeigte eine hohe Validität des Schmerzfragebogens bei einer moderaten Intra- und Interraterreliabilität. Die deutsche Version des Fragebogens wurde nach Anpassungen bei 30 Patienten angewendet.DiskussionDer PSK-Fragebogen ist ein valides und reliables Werkzeug, um Parkinson-assoziierten Schmerz von nicht-Parkinson-assoziiertem Schmerz zu unterscheiden und die Schmerzen einer Kategorie zuzuordnen, was die weitere Diagnostik und Therapie erleichtert.
Protein use efficiency and stability of baking quality in winter wheat based on the relation of loaf volume and grain protein content
Authors: Laidig Friedrich , Hüsken Alexandra , Rentel Dirk , Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Key message
A novel approach based on the loaf volume–grain protein content relation is suggested to consider the static protein use efficiency and stability as efficient quality-related descriptors for wheat varieties.

Abstract
The most important trait for baking quality of winter wheat is loaf volume (V). It is mostly determined by grain protein content (GPC) and quality. New varieties with a high potential of grain protein use efficiency (ProtUE) are very important for reducing the surplus use of nitrogen fertilizer in areas where nitrogen leaching is large. This is also an important goal of agricultural policies in the European Union. Additionally, ProtUE needs to be very stable across environments in the face of progressing climate change with more volatile growing conditions. We evaluated a new approach to assess ProtUE and stability based on the V–GPC relationship instead of using only single traits. The study comprised 11,775 baking tests from 355 varieties grown 1988–2019 in 668 different environments in Germany. V was predicted by quadratic and linear regression functions for quality groups, indicating a reduction of ProtUE from 1988 to 2019. We introduced a dynamic and a static approach to assess ProtUE and stability as potential criteria in variety registration. We found a considerably lower heritability of the dynamic ProtUE (h2 = 43%) compared to the static ProtUE (h2 = 92%) and a lower dynamic stability (h2 = 32%) than for the static stability (h2 = 51%). None of these measures is in conflict with the selection for high V. In particular, V and static ProtUE are strongly genetically associated (r = 0.81), indicating an advantage of the static over the dynamic approach.
Modeling method of CNC tooling volumetric error under consideration of Abbé error
Authors: Chen Guohua , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiangjie , Wang Chao , Xiang Hua , Tong Guangqing , Zhao Dianzhang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Abbé error is a key factor for high-precision CNC machine tools. Unluckily, it is not taken into account in traditional machine tool volumetric error models. In this respect, based on the traditional machine tool volumetric error models, a new machine tool volumetric error model containing Abbé error is performed by analyzing the mechanism of Abbé error formation tool volumetric and based on 21-item geometric error measurement data, Abbé arm, and angle functional relationship. Moreover, integrated qualitative and quantitative simulation method for evaluation of machine tool space precision are correspondingly presented. Finally, an example was utilized to further verify the value of our model by means of analysis and comparison of the tooling precision prior to and after performance of compensation, and its validity and feasibility were proved. This study provides an important modeling method for high-precision machine tools and has very important theoretical significance and practical value.
Does electroacupuncture benefit mixed urinary incontinence? A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Cui Yang , Li Quan , Wang Delong , Bao Rui , Li Limiao , Zhu Jiamin , Li Jianuo , Li Zhuxin , Yin Jiantao , Zhou Xinyu , Yin Hongna , Sun Zhongren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introductin and hypothesis
Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) comprises a combination of urgency and stress. The efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of MUI remain unclear.

Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of EA in treating MUI.

Methods
We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, four Chinese databases, clinical research registration platforms, grey literature, and the reference lists of the selected studies. Risk of bias and quality were evaluated using the Revman 5.4 and Jadad scores. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to assess the stability of the results.

Results
Eight randomized controlled trials comprising 847 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with antimuscarinic drugs plus pelvic floor muscle training, EA resulted in significantly less pad weight on the 1-h pad test and statistically significantly lower severity scores on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form. The change in the 72-h incontinence episode frequency difference was not statistically significant, and there was no outcome of overall response rate and quality of life in this meta-analysis. Few adverse events occurred in the EA group. The TSA results suggested that the result of change from baseline in the 1-h pad test was stable and the evidence was conclusive.

Conclusions
EA could be a potential treatment option for MUI and is relatively safe. Nevertheless, because of the limitations of this study, our conclusions should be interpreted with caution, and further studies are needed to confirm the comprehensive clinical efficacy and placebo effect of EA.
Hydrodynamic Projections and the Emergence of Linearised Euler Equations in One-Dimensional Isolated Systems
Authors: Doyon Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most profound questions of mathematical physics is that of establishing from first principles the hydrodynamic equations in large, isolated, strongly interacting many-body systems. This involves understanding relaxation at long times under reversible dynamics, determining the space of emergent collective degrees of freedom (the ballistic waves), showing that projection occurs onto them, and establishing their dynamics (the hydrodynamic equations). We make progress in these directions, focussing for simplicity on one-dimensional systems. Under a model-independent definition of the complete space of extensive conserved charges, we show that hydrodynamic projection occurs in Euler-scale two-point correlation functions. A fundamental ingredient is a property of relaxation: we establish ergodicity of correlation functions along almost every direction in space and time. We further show that to every extensive conserved charge with a local density is associated a local current and a continuity equation; and that Euler-scale two-point correlation functions of local conserved densities satisfy a hydrodynamic equation. The results are established rigorously within a general framework based on Hilbert spaces of observables. These spaces occur naturally in the $$C^*$$

C
∗

algebra description of statistical mechanics by the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction. Using Araki’s exponential clustering and the Lieb–Robinson bound, we show that the results hold, for instance, in every nonzero-temperature Gibbs state of short-range quantum spin chains. Many techniques we introduce are generalisable to higher dimensions. This provides a precise and universal theory for the emergence of ballistic waves at the Euler scale and how they propagate within homogeneous, stationary states.
Evolution of DNA Methylation Across Ecdysozoa
Authors: Engelhardt Jan , Scheer Oliver , Stadler Peter F. , Prohaska Sonja J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism of gene regulation in vertebrates. It is less prevalent in many other metazoan organisms and completely absent in some key model species, such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. We report here a comprehensive study of the presence and absence of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in 138 Ecdysozoa, covering Arthropoda, Nematoda, Priapulida, Onychophora, and Tardigrada. Three of these phyla have not been investigated for the presence of DNA methylation before. We observe that the loss of individual DNMTs independently occurred multiple times across ecdysozoan phyla. We computationally predict the presence of DNA methylation based on CpG rates in coding sequences using an implementation of Gaussian Mixture Modeling, . Integrating both analysis we predict two previously unknown losses of DNA methylation in Ecdysozoa, one within Chelicerata (Mesostigmata) and one in Tardigrada. In the early-branching Ecdysozoa Priapulus caudatus, we predict the presence of a full set of DNMTs and the presence of DNA methylation. We are therefore showing a very diverse and independent evolution of DNA methylation in different ecdysozoan phyla spanning a phylogenetic range of more than 700 million years.
Incidence and Contemporary Management of Delayed Bleeding Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Habib Joseph R. , Gao Shanshan , Young Ahn Joon , Ghabi Elie , Ejaz Aslam , Burns William , Burkhart Richard , Weiss Matthew , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Cameron John L. , Liddell Robert , Georgiades Christos , Hong Kelvin , He Jin , Lafaro Kelly J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelayed bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a life‐threatening complication. However, the optimal management remains unclear. We summarize our experience of the management of delayed bleeding after PD and define the outcomes associated with different types of management.
MethodsAll patients who underwent a PD between January 1987 and June 2020 at Johns Hopkins University were retrospectively reviewed. Delayed bleeding was defined as bleeding on or after postoperative day 5 following PD. Incidence, outcomes, and trends were reported.
ResultsAmong the 6201 patients that underwent PD, delayed bleeding occurred in 130 (2.1%) at a median of 12 days (IQR: 9, 24) postoperation. The pattern of bleeding was classified as intraluminal (51.5%), extraluminal (40.8%), and mixed (7.7%). A clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and an intraabdominal abscess preceded the delayed bleeding in 43.1% and 31.5% of cases, respectively. Arterial pseudoaneurysm or bleeding from peripancreatic vessels was the most common reason (54.6%) with the gastroduodenal artery being the most common source (18.5%). Endoscopy, angiography, and reoperation were performed as a first‐line approach in 35.4%, 52.3%, and 6.2% of patients, respectively. The overall mortality was 16.2% and decreased over the study period (p < 0.01).ConclusionsDelayed bleeding following PD remains a life‐threatening complication. The most common location of delayed bleeding is from the gastroduodenal artery. Angiography with embolization should be the initial approach for urgent bleeding with surgical re‐exploration reserved for unstable patients or failed control of bleeding after interventional angiography or endoscopy.
Clinical predictors for a complicated course of disease in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis: results from the prospective, observational EPICOL study
Authors: Schmidt Carsten , Bokemeyer Bernd , Lügering Andreas , Bettenworth Dominik , Teich Niels , Fischer Imma , Hammer Leonie , Kolterer Stefanie , Rath Stefan , Stallmach Andreas ,   on behalf of the EPICOL Study Group
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) is highly heterogeneous, with 20 to 30% of patients experiencing chronic disease activity requiring immunosuppressive or biologic therapies. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for a complicated disease course in an inception cohort of patients with UC.

Methods
EPICOL was a prospective, observational, inception cohort (UC diagnosis, ≤ 6 months) study in 311 patients with UC who were naive to immunosuppressants (IS)/biologics. A complicated course of disease was defined as the need for IS and/or biologic treatment (here therapy with a TNF-α antagonist) and/or UC-related hospitalisation. Patients were followed up for 24 months.

Results
Of the 307 out of 311 participants (4 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria “confirmed diagnosis of active UC within the last 6 months” (n = 2) and “immunosuppressive-naïve” (n = 2), analysis population), 209 (68.1%) versus 98 (31.9%) had an uncomplicated versus a complicated disease course, respectively. In a multivariate regression analysis, prior use of corticosteroids and prior anaemia were associated with a significantly increased risk for a complicated disease course (2.3- and 1.9-fold increase, respectively; p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). Based on these parameters, a risk model for patient stratification was developed.

Conclusion
Our study identifies anaemia and an early need for corticosteroids as predictors for a complicated course of disease in an inception cohort of patients with UC. By determining these parameters in routine clinical practice, our results may support the identification of patients who might benefit from early escalation of therapy.
Intermittent fasting and continuous energy restriction result in similar changes in body composition and muscle strength when combined with a 12 week resistance training program
Authors: Keenan Stephen J. , Cooke Matthew B. , Hassan Ebrahim Bani , Chen Won Sun , Sullivan Josef , Wu Sam X. , El-Ansary Doa , Imani Mahdi , Belski Regina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training combined with either 5:2 intermittent fasting or continuous energy restriction on body composition, muscle size and quality, and upper and lower body strength.

Methods
Untrained individuals undertook 12 weeks of resistance training plus either continuous energy restriction [20% daily energy restriction (CERT)] or 5:2 intermittent fasting [~ 70% energy restriction 2 days/week, euenergetic consumption 5 days/week (IFT)], with both groups prescribed a mean of ≥ 1.4 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Participants completed 2 supervised resistance and 1 unsupervised aerobic/resistance training combination session per week. Changes in lean body mass (LBM), thigh muscle size and quality, strength and dietary intake were assessed.

Results
Thirty-four participants completed the study (CERT = 17, IFT = 17). LBM was significantly increased (+ 3.7%, p < 0.001) and body weight (− 4.6%, p < 0.001) and fat (− 24.1%, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced with no significant difference between groups, though results differed by sex. Both groups showed improvements in thigh muscle size and quality, and reduced intramuscular and subcutaneous fat assessed by ultrasonography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), respectively. The CERT group demonstrated a significant increase in muscle surface area assessed by pQCT compared to the IFT group. Similar gains in upper and lower body strength and muscular endurance were observed between groups.

Conclusion
When combined with resistance training and moderate protein intake, continuous energy restriction and 5:2 intermittent fasting resulted in similar improvements in body composition, muscle quality, and strength. ACTRN: ACTRN12620000920998, September 2020, retrospectively registered.
The role of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression in hyperplasia of mice laryngeal epithelium induced by pepsin
Authors: Ao Yin-Jie , Wu Ting-Ting , Cao Zai-Zai , Zhou Shui-Hong , Bao Yang-Yang , Shen Li-Fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the role played by Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase in pepsin-induced, mouse laryngeal epithelial proliferation, growth, and development.

Methods
We established a mouse model of laryngopharyngeal reflux and measured Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression levels in mouse laryngeal epithelium treated with artificial gastric juice containing pepsin.

Results
Artificial pepsin-containing gastric juice induced significant hyperplastic changes in mouse laryngeal epithelium compared to control mice at 15, 30, and 45 days. Inhibition of Glut-1 expression by 2-DG significantly suppressed such hyperplasia compared to mice exposed to artificial gastric juice containing pepsin at 15, 30, and 45 days. After treatment with pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice, RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the levels of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β increased significantly.

Conclusions
Pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice promoted mouse laryngeal epithelial hyperplasia associated with abnormal expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β.
Strain mode-dependent weighting functions in hyperelasticity accounting for verification, validation, and stability of material parameters
Authors: Mahnken Rolf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimized material parameters obtained from parameter identification for verification wrt a certain loading scenario are amenable to two deficiencies: Firstly, they may lack a general validity for different loading scenarios. Secondly, they may be prone to instability, such that a small perturbation of experimental data may ensue a large perturbation for the material parameters. This paper presents a framework for extension of hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials accounting for both deficiencies. To this end, an additive decomposition of the strain energy function is assumed into a sum of weighted strain mode related quantities. We propose a practical guide for model development accounting for the criteria of verification, validation and stability by means of the strain mode-dependent weighting functions and techniques of model reduction. The approach is successfully applied for 13 hyperelastic models with regard to the classical experimental data on vulcanized rubber published by Treloar (Trans Faraday Soc 40:59–70, 1944), showing both excellent fitting capabilties and stable material parameters.