bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Technology to Harness Existing Resources for an Emergency: COVID-19 Response
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Gopi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of technology to respond to the COVID-19 emergency is described. The sudden lockdown imposed by the government with just a four hours’ notice resulted in a paralysis of the healthcare system. World Health Partners (WHP) responded immediately to this crisis. WHP worked in partnership with the state governments of Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. The plan was that the state governments would provide the personnel and WHP would set-up a digitized system for providing health services to the people by using tele-medicine.A quick-to-access dashboard was created to give details in real-time of the number of doctors and assistants who were logged-in, the number of calls received and were attended to, prescriptions issued, and COVID-19 suspects identified. Doctors’ absenteeism proved to be a challenge in Bihar. Consequently, the full potential of the project could not be realized in Bihar. In Andhra Pradesh, however, the project was very successful. Despite receiving less number of calls, more consultations were provided through the tele-medicine project in Andhra Pradesh. The major reason for this success was the high level of political commitment by the state government which led to the availability of trained medical personnel for the project. The entire process of the project was successfully transitioned by WHP to the state government of Andhra Pradesh.
Unveiling the Clinical Face of COVID-19
Authors: Singh Arti , Singh Ashutosh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe clinical aspects of COVID-19 are discussed. A picture of what happens in a hospital—the ward and the intensive care unit (ICU)—is described. The impact of the disease on patients, medical professionals, and other staff, and case studies of patients who recovered as well as those who did not, are presented. The lived experience, over the ten-months period of the pandemic, of these individuals is portrayed.The lived experience of the author and that of her team is portrayed from the inception of the pandemic to date. The author traces changes made to diagnose and treat COVID-19 patients over time. Patient treatment and management regimens were refined and streamlined during this period. And the health system was re-designed to cope with the influx of huge numbers of COVID-19 patients. During this time, diagnostic tools and treatment regimens evolved. Doctors and their teams of nurses and technicians worked tirelessly day and night to cope with the onslaught. The public, however, stigmatized healthcare workers as they were overcoming with the fear of getting infected.Ten months ago, the medical profession knew very little about the virus or the disease as both were new. But with its dedication and commitment, the medical fraternity managed to cope with the rising number of patients with whatever tools it had. This period witnessed a rapid learning curve.
COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Administration in India
Authors: Pathak Drishya , Philo Magdalene A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors examine, in great detail, issues related to vaccine development, production, and distribution in India. They discuss the problems related to logistics for reaching vaccines to India’s large population. The role of international organizations engaged in vaccine development, procurement, and distribution is discussed.The development of vaccines for COVID-19 within a ten-month period has been an extraordinary achievement given that in the past it has taken 10–15 years to develop a vaccine. Of the seventy vaccine candidates currently in the pipeline globally, four are available for use. Currently, five vaccine candidates are in different stages of development in India.India is acknowledged globally to have a robust capacity for developing vaccines. India has also had a long history in organizing and implementing immunization programs for pregnant women and children. However, organizing a national vaccination program for COVID-19 is challenging because of India’s large population and fragile health infrastructure.India rolled-out the COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. The state governments have developed plans for the storage and distribution of the vaccine and for the implementation of the vaccination program. Important elements within the program are communications and advocacy that aim to inform the people about the vaccine and its benefits and to encourage them to get vaccinated so that the problem of vaccine hesitancy, a major deterrent, can be prevented.India and the world are at a critical juncture in the history of the pandemic where the availability of the vaccine shows a glimmer of hope—a light at the end of a dark tunnel.
A Lifestyle Disorder that Spared Nobody: Mental Health and COVID-19
Authors: Mittal Komal , Magdalene A. Philo , Pathak Drishya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors discuss the mental health problems that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health manifested as a lifestyle disorder that is being experienced by everybody all around the world. The authors discuss a range of mental health problems that are due to COVID-19. Their prevalence and implications are assessed. In order to provide perspective, research from India and other countries is cited. The causes and consequences of mental health problems associated with COVID-19 are analyzed.In India, mental health problems were on the rise even before the pandemic. The pandemic, however, greatly exacerbated these problems. Stress, anxiety, and depression became a part of everyone’s life. No one was spared. Strong public health measures to contain the pandemic including the prohibition of movement and isolation took their toll. Being away from work, school, and peers, adjusting to new ways of working and learning, and dealing with job loss were all stressful. Fake news and miscommunication further fueled the problem.A large section of the population was forced to re-invent its workplace, often in unfavorable environments, resulting in a deep sense of unease. Research shows that because of uncertainties related to finances, work pressure, and jobs, there was a rise in the number of cases of mental illness. The number of suicides also increased. Research in India and other countries underscores that COVID-19 compounded all these problems. Stringent public health measures imposed by all governments, although necessary for containing the pandemic, had a major impact on the psychological state of people. Fear, anxiety, and anger are some of its psychological consequences. Anxiety producing information in the media accentuated these problems.Pre-occupation with the pandemic resulted in a neglect of the mental well-being of the patients, healthcare professionals, and frontline workers. This caused psychological distress that varied from panic attacks and collective hysteria to pervasive feelings of hopelessness and desperation including suicidal behavior. The psychological wellness of individuals was influenced unfavorably by lifestyle changes caused by the pandemic that included isolation, limited mobility, social stigma, and ever-spreading misinformation and fake news on web-based platforms.Violence against women and girls was also exacerbated during the pandemic. Violence took place not only within the home but also in other spaces. Violence was severe among migrant workers, health workers, and sex workers. The authors underscore the urgent need for setting- up hotlines, crises centers, shelters, legal-aid, and counseling services.The pandemic might be the much-needed wake-up call to make long-term improvements in India’s healthcare system. It offers an opportunity for India to take greater cognizance of mental health problems and to integrate services to address these problems within the primary healthcare system.
A reduced basis for CP violation in SMEFT at colliders and its application to diboson production
Authors: Degrande Céline , Touchèque Julien 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We show that only 10 (17) CP-odd operators of the SMEFT give the leading, i.e. least suppressed by the new physics scale, CP-violating contributions once we assume that all fermions are massless but the top (and bottom) quark(s). We start with a short review of previous analyses focusing on operators of our reduced basis and list different observables probing their CP violating effects by direct measurements at colliders and by indirect measurements in low-energy observables. Since CP-odd operators typically lead to phase space suppressed interferences, we quantify the efficiency to revive the interference for various observables found in the literature but also for new observables in diboson production. Our new observables are found to be more efficient on the whole experimental fiducial phase space and are complementary to those presented so far as they probe different combinations of operators and get their sensitivities from different regions of the phase space.
Information geometry and holographic correlators
Authors: Bohra Hardik , Kakkar Ashish , Sivaramakrishnan Allic 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore perturbative corrections to quantum information geometry. In particular, we study a Bures information metric naturally associated with the correlation functions of a conformal field theory. We compute the metric of holographic four-point functions and include corrections generated by tree Witten diagrams in the bulk. In this setting, we translate properties of correlators into the language of information geometry. Cross terms in the information metric encode non-identity operators in the OPE. We find that the information metric is asymptotically AdS. Finally, we discuss an information metric for transition amplitudes.
ESIN in femur fractures in children under 3: is it safe?
Authors: Cintean Raffael , Eickhoff Alexander , Pankratz Carlos , Strauss Beatrice , Gebhard Florian , Schütze Konrad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Pediatric femur fractures are a major trauma in children. Different treatment algorithms have been developed but indications for surgical treatment, especially in very young patients, are still controversial. Literature recommends surgical stabilization with elastic-stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) starting at the age of 3 and non-operative treatment in younger patients. This study sought to present the outcome of patients younger than 3 years of age treated with ESIN for femur fractures.

Materials and methods
Inclusion criteria were patients younger than 3 treated with ESIN in femur fractures. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, mechanism of injury, outcomes and complications were recorded using charts and X-rays. Primary outcome measures were time to mobility, fracture consolidation and surgical-related complications.

Results
Between 2010 and 2020, 159 patients were treated with ESIN in femur fractures in our institution. A total of 30 patients met the criteria. The mean age was 2.1 ± 0.7 years (13 months–2.9 years). Most common mechanism was fall from standing height (60%). Other mechanisms were motor vehicle accidents as a pedestrian (10%) or as a passenger (10%) as well as direct blow trauma (20%). Femoral shaft fracture was the most common injury (80%). 5 subtrochanteric and one distal metaphyseal femur fractures were found. Mean length of stay was 2.0 ± 1.3 days. Radiographic controls were performed on day 1, 14 and 6 weeks after surgery if not otherwise specified or if complications occurred. 4.6 ± 1.2 (n 2–7) X-rays were performed on average after surgery. First radiographic consolidation signs were seen after 2.4 ± 0.6 weeks. Only one child showed surgical-related complication with a leg length discrepancy of 1 cm. In 10% of the patients, shortening after surgery of 1.7 ± 1.4 mm (0.3–3.1 mm) occurred. One child initially treated with traction therapy showed skin irritations and was operated with ESIN. No non-union or ESIN-related complications were found. Mean follow-up was 5.1 ± 4.4 months (4–24 months). First independent mobilization was seen at an average of 3.4 ± 1.1 weeks (2–6 weeks) after surgery. Implant removal was performed after 3.2 ± 1.3 months (2–8 months). No refracture after implant removal occurred.

Conclusion
Early results with ESIN show a reasonable and safe treatment option for femur fractures in toddlers and young children under the age of 3 with easy postoperative care, fast fracture union and early independent mobilization.
Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death Following Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Veillette Pierre-Olivier , Miro Joaquim , Khairy Paul , Abadir Sylvia , Le Bloa Mathieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReports have suggested a transient increase in ventricular ectopy early after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). Little is known about the potential for more serious ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in children who undergo PPVI. We sought to evaluate the incidence of severe VA following PPVI in a pediatric population and to explore potential predictive factors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who underwent PPVI under 20 years of age in our institution from January 2007 to December 2019. The primary outcome of severe VA was defined as sustained and/or hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT), inducible sustained VT, or sudden death of presumed arrhythmic etiology. A total of 21 patients (mean age 16.2 ± 2.1 years; 66.7% male) underwent PPVI. The majority of patients (N = 15; 71.4%) had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or TOF-like physiology, with the most common indication being pulmonary insufficiency (N = 10; 47.6%). During a median follow-up of 29.6 months (IQR 10.9–44.0), severe VA occurred in 3 (14.3%) patients aged 15.6 (IQR 14.7–16.1) a median of 12.3 months (IQR 11.2–22.3) after PPVI. All events occurred in patients with TOF-like physiology following Melody valve implant. In conclusion, severe VA can occur long after PPVI in a pediatric population, particularly in those with TOF-like physiology. Further studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and assess strategies to mitigate risks.
Appendiceal involvement in pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a diagnostic challenge in the coronavirus disease (COVID) era
Authors: Kapadia Tejas H. , Abdulla Mohammed T. , Hawkes Rob A. , Tang Vivian , Maniyar Jenny A. , Dixon Rachel E. , Maniyar Amit F. , Kind Kirsten M. S. , Willis Emily , Riley Phil , Alwan Yousef M. , Stivaros Stavros Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies on pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) have described abdominal findings as part of multisystem involvement, with limited descriptions of abdominal imaging findings specific to PIMS-TS.

Objective
To perform a detailed evaluation of abdominal imaging findings in children with PIMS-TS.

Materials and methods
We performed a single-center retrospective study of children admitted to our institution between April 2020 and January 2021 who fulfilled Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health criteria for PIMS-TS and who had cross-sectional abdominal imaging. We studied clinical data, abdominal imaging, laboratory markers, echocardiography findings, treatment and outcomes for these children. We also reviewed the literature on similar studies.

Results
During the study period, 60 PIMS-TS cases were admitted, of whom 23 required abdominal imaging. Most (74%) were from a Black, Asian or minority ethnic background and they had an average age of 7 years (range 2–14 years). All children had fever and gastrointestinal symptoms on presentation with elevated C-reactive protein, D-dimer and fibrinogen. Most had lymphopenia, raised ferritin and hypoalbuminemia, with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibodies in 65%. Free fluid (78%), right iliac fossa mesenteric inflammation (52%), and significantly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (52%) were the most common imaging findings. Appendiceal inflammation (30%) and abnormal distal ileum and cecum/ascending colon wall thickening (35%) were also common. All children responded well to medical management alone, with no mortality.

Conclusion
In addition to free fluid, prominent lymphadenopathy, and inflammatory changes in the right iliac fossa, we found abnormal long-segment ileal thickening and appendicitis to be frequent findings. Recognition of appendiceal involvement as a component of the PIMS-TS spectrum should help clinicians avoid unnecessary surgical intervention as part of a multidisciplinary team approach.
Surgeon Bias in Postoperative Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Zaveri Shruti , Nobel Tamar B. , Khetan Prerna , Srinivasan Maya , Divino Celia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe misuse of opioids is a serious national crisis that is fueled by prescriptions medications. Opioid prescribing habits are known to be highly varied amongst providers. The purpose of this study is to identify patient and surgeon characteristics that predict postoperative opioid prescribing patterns.MethodsThis is a serial cross‐sectional analysis of 20,497 patients who underwent general surgical procedures at a large academic center. Our primary outcome was the total amount of opioids prescribed within 30 days of the surgery. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to identify patient and provider characteristics that were associated with increased opioids prescribed.ResultsAmong patient characteristics studied, patient age, sex, ethnicity, and insurance status were found to have a significant association with the amount of opioids prescribed. Younger patients and male patients received higher morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) on discharge (p < 0.05). Patients of Hispanic background were prescribed significantly lower opioids compared to Non‐Hispanic patients (p < 0.0001). Among the provider characteristics studied, surgeon sex and years in practice were significantly predictive of the amount of opioids prescribed, with surgeons in practice for <15 years prescribing the highest MMEs (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWhile opioid prescribing habits after surgery seem highly varied and arbitrary, we have identified key predictors that highlight biases in surgeon opioid prescribing patterns. Surgeons tend to prescribe significantly larger amounts of opioids to younger, male patients and those of certain ethnic backgrounds, and surgeons with fewer years in practice are more likely to prescribe more opioids.
Short-term changes in Bruch’s membrane opening-based morphometrics during the first week after trabeculectomy
Authors: Gietzelt Caroline , Lüke Jan-Niklas , Adler Werner , Dietlein Thomas S. , Lappas Alexandra , Prokosch-Willing Verena , Roters Sigrid , Heindl Ludwig M. , Cursiefen Claus , Enders Philip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the dynamics of Bruch’s membrane opening-based morphometrics of the optic nerve head (ONH) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the first week after glaucoma surgery by trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

Methods
Prospective, longitudinal analysis of 25 eyes of 25 patients treated by trabeculectomy. Twenty-four eyes had evaluable postoperative SD-OCT examinations. Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were analyzed at baseline before surgery, 1 day, 2 to 3 days, and 1 week after surgery. Changes compared to baseline were correlated to intraocular pressure (IOP).

Results
One day after surgery, the mean BMO-MRW changed by + 26.17 µm, p = 0.001 (mean IOP reduction by 17.01 mmHg). This increase persisted on day 2–3 with a mean increase of BMO-MRW of + 25.33 µm, p = 0.001 (mean IOP reduction by 20.46 mmHg) and by week 1 with a mean BMO-MRW increase of + 33.17 µm, p < 0.001 (mean IOP reduction by 22.55 mmHg). The increase in BMO-MRW correlated significantly with the reduction of IOP on day 1 (Spearman’s rho ρ = 0.656, p = 0.003) and d2–3 (Spearman’s rho ρ = 0.479, p = 0.038). There was no statistically significant correlation found between the IOP and the increase in BMO-MRW in week 1.
RNFL thickness showed no significant changes at day 1 as well as days 2–3 (p ≥ 0.078, respectively). It showed a small but significant increase in week 1 by 3.94 µm, p = 0.015.

Conclusions
Structural reversal of disc cupping in BMO-MRW occurs as early as 1 day after trabeculectomy and correlates to the extent of the IOP reduction. During the whole first week after surgery, a strong increase in BMO-MRW can be noted. The changes in BMO-based parameters need to be considered when evaluating patients’ longitudinal follow-up.
Comparison of the decompressive effect of different surgical procedures for dysthyroid optic neuropathy using 3D printed models
Authors: Yo Kinga , Nishimura Kunihiro , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Yokota Hiroki , Hatayama Naoyuki , Hoshino Tetsuro , Naito Munekazu , Ogawa Tetsuya , Fujimoto Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the decompressive effect around the optic nerve canal among 3 different decompression procedures (medial, balanced, and inferomedial) using 3D printed models.

Methods
In this experimental study, based on data obtained from 9 patients (18 sides) with dysthyroid optic neuropathy, a preoperative control model and 3 plaster decompression models were created using a 3D printer (total, 72 sides of 36 models). A pressure sensor was placed at the optic foramen, and the orbital space was filled with silicone. The surface of the silicone was pushed down directly, and changes in pressure were recorded at 2-mm increments of pushing.

Results
At 10 mm of pushing, there was significantly lower pressure in the medial (19,782.2 ± 4319.9 Pa, P = 0.001), balanced (19,448.3 ± 3767.4 Pa, P = 0.003), and inferomedial (15,855.8 ± 4000.7 Pa, P < 0.001) decompression models than in the control model (25,217.8 ± 6087.5 Pa). Overall, the statistical results for each 2-mm push were similar among the models up to 10 mm of pushing (P < 0.050). At each push, inferomedial decompression caused the greatest reduction in pressure (P < 0.050), whereas there was no significant difference in pressure between the medial and balanced decompression models (P > 0.050).

Conclusion
All 3 commonly performed decompression procedures significantly reduced retrobulbar pressure. Because inferomedial decompression models obtained the greatest reduction in pressure on the optic nerve canal, inferomedial decompression should be considered the most reliable procedure for rescuing vision in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.