bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Patient Suicide on Professional Practice Among Mental Health Providers
Authors: Spruch-Feiner Aliza , Labouliere Christa D. , Brodsky Beth , Green Kelly L. , Brown Gregory K. , Vasan Prabu , Cummings Anni , Layman Deborah , Monahan Maureen F. , Galfalvy Hanga , Rahman Mahfuza , Kammer Jamie , Wainberg Milton L. , Nicholson Terriann , Leckman-Westin Emily , Finnerty Molly , Stanley Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The loss of a patient to suicide has an enormous impact on clinicians, but few studies have examined its effects.

Method:
In this retrospective study, we compared clinicians who have and have not experienced a patient suicide using a survey of 2157 outpatient clinicians from 169 New York clinics to determine differences in their suicide prevention knowledge, practices, training, and self-efficacy.

Results:
Approximately 25% of the clinician respondents lost patients to suicide; psychiatrists, nurses/nurse practitioners, and those with more years of experience were disproportionately affected. After controlling for these demographic/professional differences, clinicians who had experienced patient suicide reported feeling that they had insufficient training, despite actually having more suicide prevention training, greater knowledge of suicide prevention practices, and feeling more comfortable working with suicidal patients than clinicians who had not lost a patient to suicide. There were no differences in self-efficacy or utilization of evidence-based clinical practices.

Conclusions:
Controlling for demographic/professional differences, clinicians who experienced a patient suicide had more training, knowledge, and felt more comfortable working with suicidal patients. It is critical that sufficient training be available to clinicians, not only to reduce patient deaths, but also to help clinicians increase their comfort, knowledge, skill, and ability to support those bereaved by suicide loss.
Fresh Frozen Rib Cartilage Grafts in Revision Rhinoplasty: A 9-Year Experience
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Abraham Jasson , Alleyne Brendan , Bellamy Justin , Mohan Raja 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Revision rhinoplasty is undoubtedly one of the most challenging procedures in facial plastic surgery. The complexity is compounded when there is a paucity of native septal cartilage to perform the required framework reconstruction. Harvest of autologous costal cartilage can result in increased operative times and possible secondary-site complications such as contour irregularity, poor scarring, and even pneumothorax.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of the senior author’s (R.J.R.) patients from 2011 to 2020 who underwent primary or revision rhinoplasty. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with fresh frozen off-the-shelf cartilage used in revision rhinoplasty only with a minimum of 6 months’ follow-up. Outcomes for evaluation were warping, resorption, displacement, and infection.

Results:
The authors identified 226 patients who underwent open rhinoplasty with the use of fresh frozen rib cartilage grafts and met inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 12.18 months (range, 6 months to 8 years). The majority of patients had undergone one prior rhinoplasty procedure (54 percent); however, 4 percent of patients had undergone four or more prior procedures on their nose. The overall infection rate was 2.7 percent (n = 6), with the majority successfully managed with antibiotics alone (2.3 percent).

Conclusions:
The results in revision rhinoplasty are significantly enhanced with the creation of a stable nasal framework using off-the-shelf, easily accessible, specifically tailored fresh frozen cadaveric rib grafts. The long-term outcomes and complication rate in this 9-year retrospective study demonstrates the safety of fresh frozen rib graft in comparison to autologous or irradiated rib graft.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Actual prosthetic usage in relation to functional outcomes and wearing time in individuals with below-elbow amputation
Authors: Salminger Stefan , Gstoettner Clemens , Sturma Agnes , Mayer Johannes A , Papst Helmut , Aszmann Oskar C 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Wearing time of a prosthesis is regarded as an indicator for success of prosthetic rehabilitation. However, prostheses are frequently worn for esthetic purposes only. Although different supervised measurements to assess prosthetic dexterity are used, it is not clear how performance in such tests translates into actual use in everyday life.

Objectives:
To evaluate the actual daily use of the prosthetic device in patients with below-elbow amputations by recording the number of grasping motions.

Study design:
Observational study.

Methods:
Upper extremity function was evaluated using different objective and timed assessments in five unilateral patients with below-elbow amputations. In addition, patients reported daily wearing time, and the number of performed prosthetic movements over a period of at least three months was recorded.

Results:
The patients achieved a mean Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure score of 66.60 ± 18.64 points. The average blocks moved in the Box and Block Test were 20.80 ± 7.46, and the mean score in the Action Research Arm Test was 37.20 ± 5.45. The mean time for the Clothespin-Relocation Test was 26.90 ± 11.61 seconds. The patients reported a wearing time of an average of 12.80 ± 3.11 hours per day. The mean number of prosthetic motions performed each day was 257.23 ± 192.95 with a range from 23.07 to 489.13.

Conclusions:
Neither high functionality nor long wearing times necessitated frequent use of a prosthesis in daily life. However, frequent daily motions did translate into good functional scores, indicating that regular device use in different real-life settings relates to functionality.
Using theoretical frameworks to examine fall history and associated prosthetic mobility in people with nondysvascular lower limb amputation
Authors: Clemens Sheila , Gaunaurd Ignacio , Raya Michele , Kirk-Sanchez Neva , Klute Glenn , Gailey Robert 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Over a million people live with lower limb amputation (LLA) in the United States, and many of them will experience a fall in the next year. The aim of this study was to use existing theoretical frameworks in an attempt to organize the complex interactions of reported fall history and prosthetic mobility in community-ambulating people with LLA.

Methods:
Self-reported fall rate and fall circumstances were recorded in a cross-section of people with unilateral LLA due to nondysvascular causes. Self-report and performance-based standardized outcome measures assessed prosthetic mobility and balance confidence. All variables were considered and appropriately placed within a proposed International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework while using a fall-type classification framework to classify fall circumstances.

Results:
Information from 69 participants was analyzed. The reported fall rate was at 46%, with those with transfemoral amputation reporting significantly more falls than those with transtibial amputation (P = 0.001). Tripping over an object was the most common cause (62.5%), and fallers reported significantly lower perceived prosthetic mobility than nonfallers (P = 0.001). Despite reporting high levels of balance confidence, results indicate that all groups of fallers and nonfallers are at increased fall risk according to performance-based prosthetic mobility score cutoffs.

Conclusions:
Community-dwelling people with nondysvascular LLA are at increased fall risk. Classifying fall-related variables using theoretical frameworks provides a means to structure more informative fall risk surveys for people with LLA in an attempt to identify those at greater risk for falling and its potential detrimental effects.
Magnetoencephalography Language Mapping Using Auditory Memory Retrieval and Silent Repeating Task
Authors: Ji Zhengwei , Song Ryan R. , Swan Ashley Robb , Angeles Quinto Annemarie , Lee Roland R. , Huang Mingxiong 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:The study aims to (1) examine the spatiotemporal map of magnetoencephalography-evoked responses during an Auditory Memory Retrieval and Silent Repeating (AMRSR) task, and determine the hemispheric dominance for language, and (2) evaluate the accuracy of the AMRSR task in Wernicke and Broca area localization.Methods:In 30 patients with brain tumors and/or epilepsies, the AMRSR task was used to evoke magnetoencephalography responses. We applied Fast VEctor-based Spatial–Temporal Analyses with minimum L1-norm source imaging method to the magnetoencephalography responses for localizing the brain areas evoked by the AMRSR task.Results:The Fast-VEctor-based Spatial–Temporal Analysis found consistent activation in the posterior superior temporal gyrus around 300 to 500 ms, and another activation in the frontal cortex (pars opercularis and/or pars triangularis) around 600 to 900 ms, which were localized to the Wernicke area (BA 22) and Broca area (BA 44 and BA 45), respectively. The language-dominant hemispheric laterization elicited by the AMRSR task was comparable with the result from an Auditory Dichotic task result given to the same patient, with the exception that AMRSR is more sensitive on bilateral language laterization cases on finding the Wernicke and Broca areas.Conclusions:For all patients who successfully finished the AMRSR task, Fast-VEctor-based Spatial–Temporal Analysis could establish accurate and robust localizations of Broca and Wernicke area and determine hemispheric dominance. For subjects with normal auditory functionality, the AMRSR paradigm evaluation showed significant promise in providing reliable assessments of cerebral language dominance and language network localization.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter (GT)n Alleles and Neurocognitive Functioning in Thai Youth with Perinatally-Acquired HIV: A Pilot Study
Authors: Santoro Anthony F. , Aurpibul Linda , Kolson Dennis , Ferraris Christopher M. , Aghvinian Maral , Garcia-Mesa Yoelvis , Lui Jun , Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Robbins Reuben N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat length variations may modify HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) risk. Among adults, short HO-1 (GT)n alleles associate with greater HO-1 antioxidant enzyme inducibility and lower rates of HIV-NCI. This pilot study examined associations between HO-1 (GT)n alleles and neurocognitive outcomes in a sample of Thai youth (13-23 years) with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and demographically-matched HIV-negative controls.MethodsParticipants completed neurocognitive testing and provided blood samples for DNA extraction and sequencing of HO-1 promoter (GT)n dinucleotide repeat lengths. Allele lengths were assigned based on number of (GT)n repeats: <27 Short (S); 27-34 Medium (M); >34 Long (L). Relationships between HO-1 (GT)n repeat lengths and neurocognitive measures were examined, and differences by HO-1 (GT)n allele genotypes were explored.ResultsNearly half (48%) of all HO-1 (GT)n promoter alleles were short. Longer repeat length of participants’ longest HO-1 (GT)n alleles significantly associated with poorer processing speed (Total sample:r=-.36,p=.01; PHIV only:r=-.69,p<.001). Compared to peers and controlling for covariates, SS/SM genotypes performed better in processing speed, and SS genotypes performed worse in working memory.ConclusionsA high frequency of short HO-1 (GT)n alleles was found among these Thai youth, as previously observed in other cohorts of people of Asian ancestry. In contrast to previous adult studies, the presence of a short allele alone did not associate with better neurocognitive performance, suggesting additional modifying effects among the different alleles. Research is needed to determine whether HO-1 (GT)n promoter genotypes differentially influence neurocognitive functioning across the lifespan and different ethnic backgrounds.
Speed and accuracy of whole-genome nanopore sequencing for differential Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain detection in samples collected prospectively from a sexual health clinic
Authors: Phillips LT , Witney AA , Furegato M , Laing KG , Zhou L , Sadiq ST 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a continuing global health challenge. Limitations to current national surveillance systems for reporting AMR trends, alongside reduction in culture-based diagnostics and susceptibility testing, has led to an increasing need for rapid diagnostics and identification of circulating N. gonorrhoeae strains. We investigated nanopore based sequencing time and depth needed to accurately identify closely related N. gonorrhoeae isolates, compared to Illumina MiSeq sequencing.MethodsN. gonorrhoeae strains prospectively collected from a London Sexual Health clinic were sequenced on both Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION platforms. Accuracy was determined by comparing variant calls at 68 nucleotide positions representing 37 pre-characterised resistance associated markers in N. gonorrhoeae. Accuracy at varying MinION sequencing depths were determined through retrospective analysis of time-stamped reads.ResultsOf the 22 MinION-MiSeq sequence pairs that reached sufficient depth of coverage for comparison, overall agreement of variant call positions passing quality control criteria was 185/185 (95% CI: 98.0-100.0), 502/503 (95% CI: 98.9-99.9) and 564/565 (95% CI: 99.0-100.0) at 10x, 30x and 40x MinION depth, respectively. Isolates found to be genetically closely related by MiSeq, that is within one yearly evolutionary distance of ≤5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, were accurately identified as such via MinION.ConclusionNanopore based sequencing shows utility for use as a rapid surveillance tool to correctly detect closely related N. gonorrhoeae strains, with just 10x sequencing depth, taking a median sequencing time of 29 minutes. This highlights its potential utility for tracking local gonorrhoea transmission and AMR markers.
WHO TARGETS FOR CERVICAL CANCER CONTROL BY 2030: A BASELINE ASSESSMENT IN SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Stefan D Cristina , Dangou Jean-Marie , Barango Prebo , Mahamadou Issimouha Dille , Kapambwe Sharon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimWe present and analyze the findings of a survey of the readiness of the healthcare systems in Eswatini, Guinea, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda and Zambia, to implement the necessary measures for attaining the targets for cervical cancer control, set by WHO, by the year 2030.MethodsA questionnaire with 129 questions with preset answer options was completed in 2020, by ministries of health program coordinators for non-communicable diseases, cancer control and/or reproductive health, and by WHO country offices, in the six countries selected.ResultsThe findings on demographics, burden of disease, governance and management, laboratory services, equipment, supplies and medicines, as well as on personnel and training will be presented here.The burden of cervical cancer in the countries studied is considerable, based on the IARC estimations. The incidence of the disease is augmented by the high prevalence of HIV infection, in most of the countries surveyed. Most of the population live in rural areas, where access to the health services is far from ideal. Facilities for screening with HPV tests and for histopathology are limited. One pathologist covers the diagnostic needs of between 0.5 million and 4 million inhabitants. Most other categories of health professionals are under-represented, and the capacity to train them is inadequate.ConclusionsStrong country commitment and leadership, innovative solutions and extensive international cooperation would be needed to attain the targets of cervical cancer control set by WHO, in these countries.
Effect of a 12-mo milk-based micronutrient-fortified drink intervention on children: a systemic analysis of placebo-controlled study dataset
Authors: Lomore Karan , Gangwar Vani , Rizvi Samreen , Venkatesh KV 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutritional deficiencies have many immediate and long-term effects on physical and cognitive development outcomes, with the children not achieving their full potential. A milk-based health drink fortified with micronutrients as a part of a daily balanced diet can promote physical and cognitive growth in children by increasing macronutrients and micronutrients availability in the body. The systematic analysis aims to quantify the effect of a formulated health drink on children’s physical, clinical, and cognitive development outcomes.MethodsThe dataset used in the analysis was obtained from literature and consisted of 900 children between 7 to 12 years of age. These children were distributed equally into the Control group (no micronutrient-fortified health drink is given), Group I (micronutrient-fortified health drink in water), and Group II (micronutrient-fortified health drink in the toned milk).ResultsThe analysis shows that micronutrient-fortified health drinks in water (by 2.1-fold) and toned milk (by 2.5-fold) improve the height gain velocities and anthropometric and body composition parameters. It helped children achieve healthy IAP growth percentiles compared to the control group. The analysis also shows a 1.6- and 2-fold change in the cognitive tests grades in groups I & II, respectively, compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe analysis indicates that two servings of 33g micronutrient-fortified health drink in water and toned milk for a year significantly improved the gain velocities of anthropometric and body composition parameters, reduced time taken to complete the physical activity task, reduced the number of anaemia and morbidity cases among groups, and improved the scoring grades in cognitive assessment test in studied children population. The IAP data benchmarking clearly indicated that a micronutrient fortified milk-protein-based powder significantly improved children’s overall growth with better health.
Determinants of maternal morbidity during pregnancy in urban Bangladesh: Negative binomial regression approach
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Afroz Nilima , Sharmin Sabina , Sharmin Sayema , Kabir Enamul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of maternal morbidity during pregnancy and its determinants among the women from urban areas of Bangladesh.MethodsThe secondary data were used and extracted from the latest Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (BUHS) 2013. Several statistical models: Poisson, negative binomial (NB) and mixed Poisson were adapted and compared to explore the best model for investigating potential determinants of maternal morbidity. Pearson chi-square statistic was used for the detection of overdispersion in the data.ResultsOverall 13.5% of the urban women in Bangladesh suffered from at least two pregnancy complications. The study detected the overdispersion existing in the maternal morbidity count data and found the NB regression as the best choice for analyzing the data because of its smallest Akaike information criterion. Administrative division (Rangpur:p=0.003, IRR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.63; Sylhet:p=0.006, IRR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.82), wanted pregnancy (p<0.001, IRR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.90), place of delivery (p<0.001, IRR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.66) and wealth index (Rich:p<0.001, IRR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.84) were found to be statistically significant determinants for maternal morbidity during pregnancy among the urban women in Bangladesh.ConclusionsThe urban women in Bangladesh with unwanted pregnancy, from poor/middle income group; and living in Rangpur and Sylhet divisional cities have higher risk of maternal morbidity during pregnancy. The women already suffering from major pregnancy related complications visit health centre to give birth. Study findings may help the government and relevant authorities to take necessary steps for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality due to pregnancy related complications.
The role of dynamic DNA methylation in liver transplant rejection in children
Authors: Ningappa Mylarappa , Shao Xiaojian , Ashokkumar Chethan , Xu Qingyong , Zeevi Adriana , Grundberg Elin , Pastinen Tomi , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTranscriptional regulation of liver transplant (LT) rejection may reveal novel predictive and therapeutic targets.PurposeTo test the role of differential DNA methylation in children with biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection (rejectors, R) after LT.MethodsPaired peripheral blood DNA samples were obtained before and after LT from 17 children, including 4R and 13 non-rejector (NR), and assayed with MethylC capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) approach covering 5 million CpGs in immune-cell specific regulatory elements. Differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were identified using generalized linear regression models adjusting for sex and age and merged into differentially methylated regions (DMR) comprising 3 or more DMCs.ResultsContrasting R vs NR, we identified 2238 DMCs in post-LT and 2620 DMCs in pre-LT samples, which clustered in 216 and 282 DMRs respectively. DMCs associated with R were enriched in enhancers and depleted in promoters. The proportion of hypomethylated versus hypermethylated DMRs increased from 22% to 48% (p<0.0001) in pre-LT vs. post-LT DMCs, respectively. The highest-ranked biological processes enriched in post-LT DMCs were antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, MHC class I complex, and peptide binding (p<7.92E-17), respectively. Top-ranked DMRs mapped to genes which mediate B-cell receptor signaling (ADAP1) or regulate several immune cells(ARRB2)(p<3.75E-08). DMRs in MHC class I genes were enriched for SNPs which bind TFs, affect gene expression and splicing, or alter peptide-binding amino acid sequences.ConclusionsDynamic methylation in distal regulatory regions reveals known transplant-relevant MHC-dependent rejection pathways, and identifies novel loci for future mechanistic evaluations in pediatric transplant subcohorts.