bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates from gramineous weeds in the proximity of rice fields in Korea
Authors: Ahn Seojin , Kim Minjoo , Lim Jae Yun , Choi Gyung Ja , Seo Jeong‐Ah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFusarium graminearum species complexes (FGSCs), such as Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum, are important pathogens that cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in several cereal crops worldwide. In this study, we collected 342 gramineous weed samples in the proximity of rice fields from May to June 2018 in Korea. Among the 500 Fusarium isolates from the weed samples, 13 species of Fusarium were identified, and F. asiaticum (41.2%), F. avenaceum (18.0%), F. acuminatum (16.4%) and F. graminearum (14.8%) were the most frequently isolated. The trichothecene genotype analysis showed that 206 F. asiaticum strains consisted of the nivalenol (NIV) genotype (n = 195, 94.7%) and 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) genotype (n = 11, 5.3%), whereas 74 F. graminearum strains consisted of the 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) genotype (n = 58, 78.4%) and 3ADON genotype (n = 16, 21.6%). Geographical differences were observed in the FGSC and trichothecene genotype compositions, which appeared host‐dependent between the southern provinces and mid‐eastern provinces. The aggressiveness assessment of FHB showed that the 3ADON chemotype was most aggressive followed by the 15ADON and NIV chemotypes in wheat, while the NIV chemotype was most aggressive followed by the 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes in rice. The F. asiaticum strains grew slowly and produced fewer conidia and perithecia than the F. graminearum strains, regardless of their chemotypes. The results of this study suggest that F. asiaticum with the NIV chemotype has a host preference for rice, and FHB‐causing pathogens can be harboured in gramineous weeds, which play a role in the dispersal of FHB pathogens to rice and other cereal crops.
Lifting Scheme for Streamflow Data in River Networks
Authors: Park Seoncheol , Oh Hee-Seok 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new multiscale method for analysing water pollutant data located in river networks. The main idea of the proposed method is to adapt the conventional lifting scheme, reflecting the characteristics of streamflow data in the river network domain. Due to the complexity of the data domain structure, it is difficult to apply the lifting scheme to the streamflow data directly. To solve this problem, we propose a new lifting scheme algorithm for streamflow data that incorporates flow-adaptive neighbourhood selection, flow proportional weight generation and flow-length adaptive removal point selection. A nondecimated version of the proposed lifting scheme is also provided. The simulation study demonstrates that the proposed method successfully performs a multiscale analysis of streamflow data. Furthermore, we provide a real data analysis of water pollutant data observed on the Geum-River basin compared to the existing smoothing method.
Contrasting intensity of aragonite dissolution and dolomite cementation in glacial versus interglacial intervals of a subtropical carbonate succession
Authors: Reuning Lars , Deik Hanaa , Petrick Benjamin , Auer Gerald , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi , Courtillat Margot , Bassetti Maria‐Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAragonite and high‐Mg calcite are abundant in modern, neritic carbonate systems but almost absent in their fossil counterparts. Dissolution of these metastable mineral phases commonly leaves no visible trace in the sedimentary record, compromising the derivation of palaeoenvironmental information from the rock record. The upper 25 m of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1460 on the outer ramp of the western Australian Shelf were investigated to study shallow burial (tens of metres) marine diagenesis in organic‐carbon poor sediments using microscopic, total organic carbon, biomarkers and mineralogical analysis in combination with porewater geochemistry. Aragonite dissolution is negligible at the seafloor but intensifies ca 5 m below, even though bulk porewaters are supersaturated for aragonite. This apparent contradiction likely results from dissolution in undersaturated microenvironments. Aragonite dissolution below 5 to 6 m is on average more intense in interglacial compared to glacial intervals. The presence of disseminated framboidal pyrite and porewater results indicate that minor sulphate reduction is active at IODP Site U1460. Sulphate reduction is probably limited by the low organic matter content (ca 0.2%). It is well‐known from the literature that incipient sulphate reduction can lead to a drop in pH and consequently to carbonate dissolution. It is therefore assumed that the slightly higher concentration of organic matter in the interglacial intervals allowed increased aragonite dissolution during sulphate reduction compared to glacial beds. Low amounts of dolomite cement (<15%) start to form at the same depth (5 to 6 m) as aragonite dissolution intensifies. Dolomite formation and aragonite dissolution also show covariance on a metre‐scale below 5 to 6 m, indicating that a low carbonate saturation state might enhance dolomite formation. This mechanism provides an indirect link between dolomite formation, aragonite dissolution and orbital cycles. The outcome of this study, therefore, contributes to a better understanding of differential diagenesis in marine carbonates.
Orofacial conditions and oral health behavior of young athletes: A comparison of amateur and competitive sports
Authors: Merle Cordula Leonie , Richter Lisa , Challakh Nadia , Haak Rainer , Schmalz Gerhard , Needleman Ian , Wolfarth Bernd , Ziebolz Dirk , Wüstenfeld Jan 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis retrospective cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate oral health status (dental, periodontal, and functional) and oral health behavior in young German athletes including the comparison of competitive (CA) and amateur sports (AA).MethodsData of CA (German national teams, perspective, and youth squads) and AA aged between 18 and 30 years with an available oral examination in 2019 were included. Clinical examination: caries experience (DMF‐T), non‐carious wear (erosion, BEWE), partially erupted wisdom teeth, gingival inflammation (PBI), plaque index, periodontal screening (PSI), and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) screening. Questionnaires: oral health behavior and periodontal symptoms.Results88 CA (w = 51%, 20.6 ± 3.5 years) of endurance sports and 57 AA (w = 51%, 22.2 ± 2.1 years) were included. DMF‐T was comparable (CA: 2.7 ± 2.2, AA: 2.3 ± 2.2; p = 0.275) with more D‐T in CA (0.6 ± 1.0) than AA (0.3 ± 0.7; p = 0.046; caries prevalence: CA: 34%, AA: 19%; p = 0.06). Both groups had low severity of erosion (BEWE about 3.5). CA had more positive TMD screenings (43% vs. 25%; p = 0.014). In both groups, all athletes showed signs of gingival inflammation, but on average of low severity (PBI <1). More CA needed complex periodontal treatment than AA (maximum PSI = 3 in 40% vs. 12%; p < 0.001). Oral health behavior was comparable (daily tooth brushing; regular dental check‐ups in >70%).ConclusionsYoung German athletes (CA and AA) generally showed signs of gingival inflammation and needed to improve their oral health behavior. CA showed slightly increased oral findings (more D‐T, periodontal and TMD screening findings) than AA, but similar oral health behavior. This may imply an increased dental care need in competitive sports.
The personal is social: Four sociological approaches to nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Steggals Peter , Lawler Steph , Graham Ruth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSociological interest in nonsuicidal self‐injury is over 20 years old, and the last decade shows a marked increase in journal articles and research monographs. Here, we survey and critically evaluate this growing sociology of self‐injury, providing a short history of its development, and describing the focus of four contrasting approaches used in exploring a sociology of such a private practice: institutional interactions; processes of social construal and construction; the social in the lived experience of subjects; and the role of social relations and communication. We argue that these approaches in the sociology of self‐injury more generally represent four broader social theoretical perspectives on how the personal is always‐already social. Understanding this connection between the empirical search for the social in self‐injury, and theoretical conceptualizations of the social in the personal, is key to opening up the future of the sociology of self‐injury, and appreciating what it has to offer sociology more generally. The more we understand what is social in self‐injury, the more we will understand how the personal is always‐already social; and the greater the theoretical investment in our methodological apparatus, the more we will be able to detect and comprehend the social dimension of this intensely personal practice.
Self and political efficacy and the justifiability of political violence and the role of state terror: A cross‐national analysis
Authors: Julkif Nabil “Bill” 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article looks at whether political and self‐efficacy predict the justifiability of political violence and terrorism.MethodsUtilizing the World Values Survey sample of 41,178 respondents from 31 countries, this article uses a mixed effect logistic regression with country‐level random intercepts to answer the research question and test the hypothesis.ResultsSelf‐efficacy predicts less support for political violence or justifiability of terrorism, and less political efficacy predicts less support for terrorism while not influencing political violence in a significant manner. The interaction between self‐efficacy and economic insecurity was significant with high economic security and low self‐efficacy predicting more justifiability of terrorism.ConclusionsSupport is found for Saab et al. (2016) “gun and the olive branch” thesis. Specifically, being politically efficacious and finding conventional political activism efficacious does not reduce support for political violence. However, finding conventional activism efficacious makes one less likely to find terrorism justifiable. Support is also found for the prosocial effect of self‐efficacy (Rottweiler and Gill 2020).
Prediction model to predict type 1 retinopathy of prematurity using gestational age and birth weight (PW-ROP)
Authors: Iu Lawrence Pui Leung , Yip Wilson Wai Kuen , Lok Julie Ying Ching , Fan Michelle Ching Yim , Lai Connie Hong Yee , Ho Mary , Young Alvin Lerrmann 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo develop a prediction model for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from an Asian population.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1043 premature infants who had ROP screening in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong from year 2006 to 2018. The ROP prediction model was developed by multivariate logistic regression analyses on type 1 ROP. The cut-off value and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A validation group of 353 infants collected from another tertiary hospital in another region of Hong Kong from year 2014 to 2017 was used for external validation.ResultsThere were 1043 infants in the study group. The median gestational age (GA) was 30 weeks and 1 day and median birth weight (BW) was 1286 g. The prediction model required only GA and BW as parameters (prematurity-birth weight ROP (PW-ROP)). The area under curve value was 0.902. The sensitivity and specificity were 87.4% and 79.3%, respectively. Type 1 ROP developed in 0.9%, 17.4% and 50% of infants with PW-ROP scores<0, between 0 and <300, and ≥300 respectively (p<0.001). On external validation, our prediction model correctly predicted 95.8% of type 1 ROP (sensitivity=95.8%, specificity=74.8%) in the validation group.ConclusionThe PW-ROP model is a simple model which could predict type 1 ROP with high sensitivity and specificity. Incorporating this model to ROP examination would help identify infants at risk for ROP treatment.
Postcholecystectomy diarrhoea rate and predictive factors: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Farrugia Alexia , Attard Joseph Anthony , Khan Saboor , Williams Nigel , Arasaradnam Ramesh 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesCholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide to treat gallstone-related disease. Postcholecystectomy diarrhoea (PCD) is a well-reported phenomenon, however, the actual rate, predictive factors and mechanism of action have not been well determined. A systematic review was undertaken to determine the rate and predictive factors associated with diarrhoea in the postcholecystectomy setting.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane and Google Scholar up to 29 September 2020. The inclusion criteria consisted of cohort studies or randomised trials which investigated the rate of PCD and predictive factors. Case reports, case series, conference abstracts and expert opinion pieces were excluded as were other systematic reviews as all the original articles from those reviews were included in this review. Papers that did not include PCD as a separate entity were excluded. Bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials as appropriate. Data were extracted by two authors (AF and JAA) and an overall rate of PCD was calculated. Predictive factors were also extracted and compared between studies.Results1204 papers were obtained and 21 were found to contain relevant information about PCD, including the number of patients developing diarrhoea, method of symptom assessment and time of onset postcholecystectomy. A pooled total of 3476 patients were included across the identified studies with 462 (13.3%) patients developing PCD. Possible predictive factors varied across all studies, with characteristics such as gender, age and weight of patients postulated as being predictive of PCD, with no agreement across studies.DiscussionPCD is therefore relatively common (13.3%). This has important implications for patient consent. Patients ought to be investigated early for bile acid diarrhoea in suspected PCD. More studies are required to determine the possible predictive factors for PCD. Limitations of the study included that most studies were not powered for calculation of PCD, and assessment methods between studies varied.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019140444.
Use of a deep learning and random forest approach to track changes in the predictive nature of socioeconomic drivers of under-5 mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nasejje Justine B , Mbuvha Rendani , Mwambi Henry 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesWe used machine learning algorithms to track how the ranks of importance and the survival outcome of four socioeconomic determinants (place of residence, mother’s level of education, wealth index and sex of the child) of under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in sub-Saharan Africa have evolved.SettingsThis work consists of multiple cross-sectional studies. We analysed data from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) collected from four countries; Uganda, Zimbabwe, Chad and Ghana, each randomly selected from the four subregions of sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsEach country has multiple DHS datasets and a total of 11 datasets were selected for analysis. A total of n=85 688 children were drawn from the eleven datasets.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome variable is U5MR; the secondary outcomes were to obtain the ranks of importance of the four socioeconomic factors over time and to compare the two machine learning models, the random survival forest (RSF) and the deep survival neural network (DeepSurv) in predicting U5MR.ResultsMother’s education level ranked first in five datasets. Wealth index ranked first in three, place of residence ranked first in two and sex of the child ranked last in most of the datasets. The four factors showed a favourable survival outcome over time, confirming that past interventions targeting these factors are yielding positive results. The DeepSurv model has a higher predictive performance with mean concordance indexes (between 67% and 80%), above 50% compared with the RSF model.ConclusionsThe study reveals that children under the age of 5 in sub-Saharan Africa have favourable survival outcomes associated with the four socioeconomic factors over time. It also shows that deep survival neural network models are efficient in predicting U5MR and should, therefore, be used in the big data era to draft evidence-based policies to achieve the third sustainable development goal.
Identification of the optimal treatment strategy for complex appendicitis in the paediatric population: a protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study (CAPP study)
Authors: van Amstel Paul , Bakx Roel , van der Lee Johanna H , van der Weide Marijke C , Eekelen Rik van , Derikx Joep P M , van Heurn Ernest L W , Gorter Ramon R 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn daily practice large heterogeneity in the treatment of children with complex appendicitis exists. Complex appendicitis can be divided into two subtypes; complex appendicitis with and without appendiceal mass and/or abscess. As complex appendicitis is associated with high morbidity and costs, identification of the optimal treatment strategy is essential. In this article, we present the study protocol for the CAPP (Complex Appendicitis in the Pediatric Population) study.Methods and analysisThis nation-wide, multi-centre, comparative, non-randomised prospective cohort study includes all children <18 years old with a preoperative suspicion of complex appendicitis, which is based on imaging confirmed acute appendicitis and predefined criteria regarding the severity of appendicitis. Eligible patients are recruited in more than 30 hospitals. Open appendectomy will be compared with laparoscopic appendectomy for children without appendiceal mass and/or abscess and initial non-operative treatment (ie, intravenous antibiotics with or without percutaneous drainage) to direct appendectomy for children with appendiceal mass and/or abscess. Based on historical data supplied by the participating hospitals and an inclusion period of 2 years and 9 months, a sample size of 1308 patients is aimed. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients experiencing any complication at 3 months follow-up. Reported complications will be assessed by an independent adjudication committee. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, quality of life, and (in)direct costs. To adjust for baseline differences and selection bias, outcomes will be compared after propensity score analysis (inverse probability weighting and stratification).Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, declared that the Medical Research involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) did not apply to this study. Therefore, no official approval was required by national law. Study results will be presented in peer-reviewed scientific journals and at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT04755179; NL9371.
Physical and verbal abuse amid COVID-19: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Bhandari Divya , Ozaki Akihiko , Suzuki Tomoya , Kotera Yasuhiro , Shrestha Sunil , Horiuchi Sayaka , Miyachi Takashi , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe detrimental impacts of abuse on victims’ well-being are well documented globally, including Japan. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may increase the incidence of abuse in the community, creating an additional burden amid the crisis. However, the incidence of abuse in Japan during COVID-19 remains to be evaluated. Accordingly, our study aimed to assess the incidence of physical and verbal abuse among the general population in Japan and to identify the associated factors of abuse during COVID-19.Design and settingWe used the data obtained from a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey conducted in Japan between August and September 2020. Sampling weights were used to calculate national estimates, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the associated factors for physical and verbal abuse.ResultsOut of the total 25 482 participants, 965 (3.8 %) reported experiencing physical abuse and 1941 (7.6%) verbal abuse from April 2020 to September 2020. The incidence of physical and verbal abuse was higher among female participants. Participants who lived in areas where the ‘state of emergency’ was enforced were more likely to suffer from physical abuse. Similarly, vulnerable participants such as those below age 18, with low income, bad family relationships, and disabled people were more likely to experience both physical and verbal abuse. Participants suffering from COVID-19-related symptoms, who had poor health status and widows/divorcees were more likely to be verbally abused. Furthermore, those who did not follow preventive behaviours such as wearing masks in public places, abusing drugs and drinking alcohol in high amounts were also more likely to experience abuse.ConclusionThe impact of abuse was found disproportionately greater in more vulnerable groups of the population. Pandemic has reinforced the existing social inequalities, which need to be addressed timely to prevent precarious repercussions.
Risk stratification of women with gestational diabetes mellitus using mutually exclusive categories based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria for the development of postpartum dysglycaemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dai Fei , Mani Hemaavathi , Nurul Syaza Razali , Tan Kok Hian 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more predisposed to develop postpartum diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to estimate the relative risk (RR) of postpartum dysglycaemia (prediabetes and DM) using mutually exclusive categories according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria cut-off points in patients with GDM, so as to establish a risk-stratification method for developing GDM management strategies.Design, setting and participantsIn this retrospective cohort study, 942 women who had been diagnosed with GDM (IADPSG criteria) at 24–28 weeks of gestation from November 2016 to April 2018 underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6–12 weeks postpartum in a tertiary hospital of Singapore. Seven mutually exclusive categories (three one timepoint positive categories (fasting, 1 hour and 2 hours), three two timepoint positive categories (fasting+1 hour, fasting+2 hours and 1 hour+2 hours) and one three timepoint positive category (fasting+1 hour+2 hours)) were derived from the three timepoint antenatal OGTT according to the IADPSG criteria. To calculate the RRs of postpartum dysglyceamia of each mutually exclusive group, logistic regression was applied.Results924 mothers with GDM, whose mean age was 32.7±4.7 years, were mainly composed of Chinese (45.4%), Malay (21.7%) and Indian (14.3%) ethnicity. The total prevalence of postnatal dysglycaemia was 16.7% at 6–12 weeks postpartum. Stratifying subjects into seven mutually exclusive categories, the RRs of the one-time, two-time and three-time positive groups of the antenatal OGTT test were 1.0 (Ref.), 2.0 (95% CI=1.3 to 3.1; p=0.001) and 6.7 (95% CI=4.1 to 10.9; p<0.001), respectively, which could be used to categorise patients with GDM into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk group.ConclusionsMutually exclusive categories could be useful for risk stratification and early management of patients with prenatal GDM. It is plausible and can be easily translated into clinical practice.