bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two high hierarchical regulators, PuMYB40 and PuWRKY75, control the low phosphorus driven adventitious root formation in Populus ussuriensis
Authors: Wang Hanzeng , Pak Solme , Yang Jia , Wu Ye , Li Wenlong , Feng He , Yang Jingli , Wei Hairong , Li Chenghao 
Published: May 2022

SummaryAdventitious rooting is an essential biological process in the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural and forest tree species. It enables utilization of the elite genotypes in breeding programmes and production. Promotion of adventitious root (AR) formation has been associated with starvation of inorganic phosphate and some factors involved in low phosphorus (LP) signalling. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying LP‐mediated AR formation remains largely elusive. We established an efficient experimental system that guaranteed AR formation through short‐term LP treatment in Populus ussuriensis. We then generated a time‐course RNA‐seq data set to recognize key regulatory genes and regulatory cascades positively regulating AR formation through data analysis and gene network construction, which were followed by experimental validation and characterization. We constructed a multilayered hierarchical gene regulatory network, from which PuMYB40, a typical R2R3‐type MYB transcription factor (TF), and its interactive partner, PuWRKY75, as well as their direct targets, PuLRP1 and PuERF003, were identified to function upstream of the known adventitious rooting genes. These regulatory genes were functionally characterized and proved their roles in promoting AR formation in P. ussuriensis. In conclusion, our study unveiled a new hierarchical regulatory network that promoted AR formation in P. ussuriensis, which was activated by short‐term LP stimulus and primarily governed by PuMYB40 and PuWRKY75.
The power of selection: Dissecting phenotypic plasticity and linkage drag underlying yield traits of rice (Oryza sativa) using selective introgression
Authors: Shi Ying‐Yao , Zeng Wei , Li Min , Xiang Chao , Cui Yan‐Ru , Chen Man‐Yuan , Liu Hai‐Yan , Shen Qian , Li Fei , Zhang Guo‐Gen , Liang Lun‐Ping , Zhang Fan , Gao Yong‐Ming , Li Zhi‐Kang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe power of selection and phenotypic plasticity of seven rice grain yield (GY) traits was dissected using DNA markers and 226 Minghui86 introgression lines (ILs) phenotyped across four contrast environments of long‐day versus short‐day and drought versus irrigated conditions. Linkage mapping identified 77 main‐effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) plus 15 groups of epistatic QTLs affecting the GY traits. By characterizing genomic introgression patterns of the donor alleles in ILs selected for high‐ and low‐trait values based on replicated progeny testing across each of the four environments and for high‐ and low‐GY across nine different environmental scenarios, 246 QTLs affecting the seven yield traits were identified. Genetic drag from tight repulsive linkage of genes with opposite effects on the same traits was detected in 45 cases involving 90 (35.8%) QTLs, indicating its wide presence in superior Chinese hybrid parents. The demonstrated selective introgression strategy, including the developed ILs plus the genetic information on the associations of introgressed donor alleles with the yield traits in the ILs would provide a useful platform for future breeding by design.
Relational boredom as an obstacle for engaging in exciting shared activities
Authors: Harasymchuk Cheryl , Lonn Atara , Impett Emily A. , Muise Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough engaging in exciting, shared activities with a partner is one strategy for warding off relational boredom, people might be less likely to pursue these activities when they are bored, which could have implications for the maintenance of passion in romantic relationships. In the current study, we assessed couple members' (N = 122 couples) daily experiences of relational boredom, the occurrence and quality of exciting, shared activities, and passion in a 21‐day daily diary study and followed up with participants 3 months later. Overall, there was evidence that relational boredom obstructed the occurrence and quality of exciting, shared activities. In turn, less enjoyable shared activities were associated with lower daily passion, and engaging in fewer exciting, shared activities accounted for declines in passion over time. Implications of the findings for passion decay are discussed.
Aquaporin‐mediated transport: Insights into metalloid trafficking
Authors: Handa Neha , Gupta Pawan , Khanna Kanika , Kohli Sukhmeen Kaur , Bhardwaj Renu , Alam Pravej , Ahmad Parvaiz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetalloids in plants have diverse physiological effects. From being essential to beneficial to toxic, they have significant effects on many physiological processes, influencing crop yield and quality. Aquaporins are a group of membrane channels that have several physiological substrates along with water. Metalloids have emerged as one of their important substrates and they are found to have a substantial role in regulating plant metalloid homeostasis. The present review comprehensively details the multiple isoforms of aquaporins having specificity for metalloids and being responsible for their influx, distribution or efflux. In addition, it also highlights the usage of aquaporin‐mediated transport as a selection marker in toxic screens and as tracer elements for closely related metalloids. Therefore, aquaporins, with their imperative contribution to the regulation of plant growth, development and physiological processes, need more research to unravel the metalloid trafficking mechanisms and their future applications.
The effect of cumulative job mobility on early‐career wage development: Does job mobility actually pay?
Authors: Yankow Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study attempts to answer the question of whether cumulative job mobility in the early career actually pays.MethodsUsing a sample of men and women drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a series of wage models are estimated that account for both the timing and frequency of job changes over the first decade of the working career as well as for complex interactions between job mobility, actual work experience, and job tenure.ResultsThe wage estimates indicate that workers who demonstrate moderate job‐changing in the first 2 years after labor market entry but then taper their mobility thereafter actually raise their log‐wage path above that of either immobile workers or persistent job changers.ConclusionThis finding is significant because previous studies have often found a negative relationship between cumulative job mobility and wages, with immobile workers typically earning the highest wages. The results from this study show that a poor job match at the start of the career need not permanently lower a worker's wage profile but can be more than made up for through strategic early‐career job mobility.
COVID‐19 pandemic deteriorates aftercare attendance in heart transplant recipients independently of perceived impact on social life
Authors: Oehler Daniel , Bruno Raphael Romano , Kelm Malte , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo , Westenfeld Ralf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplant (HTx) recipients are at an increased risk of developing infections or malignancies due to immunosuppressive medication. Thus, regular aftercare in those patients is of utmost importance. The extent of collateral damage due to the COVID‐19 pandemic (delayed or canceled clinical visits and diagnostics) on high‐risk patients is yet unknown. We believe that, especially for HTx‐patients, data acquisition on potential pandemic‐related nonattendance is crucial to improve clinical care in the future. Therefore, we aim to decipher possible COVID‐19‐related alterations in attendance to clinical care after HTx using a survey‐based approach.MethodsHTx recipients, 2 years beyond transplantation were selected (n = 75). We filed a paper‐based questionnaire or an online survey containing nine items about COVID‐19‐related exceptional circumstances. Fifty‐two patients (69%) returned fully answered questionnaires.ResultsA perceived impact on daily life was evident with 79% of all patients, reporting a moderate‐to‐severe negative influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on daily routine. We detected increased nonattendance of clinical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to prepandemic time (38 vs. 6%, p < .0001). The various diagnostic modalities of aftercare were heterogeneously affected, ranging from 2% nonattendance for influence vaccination and 18% for colonoscopy. Off note, nonattendance to clinical care within the pandemic was independent of perceived impact of the pandemia on daily life (p > .68).ConclusionsFor the first time, we objectively demonstrate a significant decrease in attendance to clinical care in HTx recipients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Efforts are needed to increase attendance in this highly vulnerable patient cohort.
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EveryBOTy Counts: Examining Human–Machine Teams in Open Source Software Development
Authors: Newton Olivia B. , Saadat Samaneh , Song Jihye , Fiore Stephen M. , Sukthankar Gita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explore the future of work by examining differences in productivity when teams are composed of only humans or both humans and machine agents. Our objective was to characterize the similarities and differences between human and human–machine teams as they work to coordinate across their specialized roles. This form of research is increasingly important given that machine agents are becoming commonplace in sociotechnical systems and playing a more active role in collaborative work. One particular class of machine agents, bots, is being introduced to these systems to facilitate both taskwork and teamwork. We investigated the association between bots and productivity outcomes in open source software development through an analysis of hundreds of project teams. The presence of bots in teams was associated with higher levels of productivity and higher work centralization in addition to greater amounts of observed communication. The adoption of bots in software teams may have tradeoffs, in that doing so may increase productivity, but could also increase workload. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for advancing human–machine teaming research.
Thiamine functions as a key activator for modulating plant health and broad‐spectrum tolerance in cotton
Authors: Li Weixi , Mi Xinyue , Jin Xuanxiang , Zhang Daiwei , Zhu Guozhong , Shang Xiaoguang , Zhang Dayong , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYGlobal climate changes cause an increase of abiotic and biotic stresses that tremendously threaten the world's crop security. However, studies on broad‐spectrum response pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stresses are relatively rare. Here, by comparing the time‐dependent transcriptional changes and co‐expression analysis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) root tissues under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, we discovered the common stress‐responsive genes and stress metabolism pathways under different stresses, which included the circadian rhythm, thiamine and galactose metabolism, carotenoid, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and zeatin biosynthesis, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We found that thiamine metabolism was an important intersection between abiotic and biotic stresses; the key thiamine synthesis genes, GhTHIC and GhTHI1, were highly induced at the early stage of stresses. We confirmed that thiamine was crucial and necessary for cotton growth and development, and its deficiency could be recovered by exogenous thiamine supplement. Furthermore, we revealed that exogenous thiamine enhanced stress tolerance in cotton via increasing calcium signal transduction and activating downstream stress‐responsive genes. Overall, our studies demonstrated that thiamine played a crucial role in the tradeoff between plant health and stress resistance. The thiamine deficiency caused by stresses could transiently induce upregulation of thiamine biosynthetic genes in vivo, while it could be totally salvaged by exogenous thiamine application, which could significantly improve cotton broad‐spectrum stress tolerance and enhance plant growth and development.
Valuation of Continuous Monitoring Systems for Engineering System Design in Recurrent Maintenance Decision Scenarios
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Condition monitoring plays a crucial role in improving system failure resilience, preventing tragic consequences brought by unexpected system failure events, and saving the consequential high operation and maintenance costs. Continuous condition monitoring systems have been applied to diversified engineering systems for well-informed operational decision-makings. Although research has been devoted to predicting system states using the continuous data flow, there still lacks a systematic decision-making framework for system designers to assess the value of such monitoring systems at the design stage therefore making system design decisions on adopting monitoring systems to maximize the benefits. This paper constructs such a decision-making framework based on the value of information, with which system designers can evaluate expected operation cost reductions under specific operation modes considering the effectiveness of continuous monitoring systems in predicting system failures. Two case studies on a battery energy storage system and a mechanical system, respectively, are employed to illustrate the value evaluation of the monitoring information and the system maintenance process with the aid of different prognostic results based on the monitoring data. Case study results show that the value of monitoring systems will be influenced by the deviation among the equipment group, the accuracy of system-state prediction, and different types of costs involved in the operating process. The adjustment of maintenance actions based on monitoring and prognosis information will help improve the value of monitoring systems.
Eccentric High-Force Soft Pneumatic Bending Actuator for Finger-Type Soft Grippers
Authors: Cheng Peilin , Ye Yuze , Yan Bo , Lu Yebo , Wu Chuanyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) play an important role in leading the development of soft robotics. However, due to the inherent characteristics of soft materials, the low driving force limits the application of SPAs. This study presents a high-force soft pneumatic bending actuator (SPBA) that consists of a spring, an eccentric silicone cylinder, and a limiting fiber. Based on the Neo-Hookean model, a theoretical model is established to predict the relationship between the bending angle and the pressure of SPBA. Furthermore, we characterize the performance of SPBA in terms of the bending capability, tip force, as well as response time. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical model, as well as the high tip force (10.2 N) and fast response capability of SPBA. Finally, SPBAs are used to construct a three-finger soft gripper. The load capacity of the gripper is proofed, which indicates that the gripping force of the gripper increases with the pressure of the fingers and the diameter of the object. The gripping test of the gripper is performed. The result shows that the gripper with the pinching mode can grip objects of various sizes and shapes in the air and underwater, and the gripper with enveloping mode can grip objects with weight up to 1.25 kg.
Effects of Weight Cutting on Exercise Performance in Combat Athletes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brechney Grant C. , Cannon Jack , Goodman Stephen P. 
Published: May 2022

Weight cutting in combat sports is a prevalent practice whereby athletes voluntarily dehydrate themselves via various methods to induce rapid weight loss (RWL) to qualify for a lower weight category than that of their usual training body weight. The intention behind this practice is to regain the lost body mass and compete at a heavier mass than permitted by the designated weight category. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence examining the effects of weight cutting on exercise performance in combat-sport athletes. Following a systematic search of the literature, meta-analyses were performed to compare maximal strength, maximal power, anaerobic capacity, and/or repeated high-intensity-effort performance before rapid weight loss (pre-RWL), immediately following RWL (post-RWL), and 3 to 36 hours after RWL following recovery and rapid weight gain (post-RWG). Overall, exercise performance was unchanged between pre-RWL and post-RWG (g = 0.22; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.62). Between pre-RWL and post-RWL analyses revealed small reductions in maximal strength and repeated high-intensity-effort performance (g = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.54 to −0.03 and g = −0.37; 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.16, respectively; both P ≤ .03). Qualitative analysis indicates that maximal strength and power remained comparable between post-RWL and post-RWG. These data suggest that weight cutting in combat-sport athletes does not alter short-duration, repeated high-intensity-effort performance; however, there is evidence to suggest that select exercise performance outcomes may decline as a product of RWL. It remains unclear whether these are restored by RWG.
An explosive volcanic origin identified for dark sand in Aeolis Dorsa, Mars
Authors: Burr Devon M. , Viviano Christina E. , Michaels Timothy I. , Chojnacki Matthew , Jacobsen Robert E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDark, windblown (eolian) sand on Mars has produced significant geologic effects throughout Martian history. Although local and regional sand sources have been identified, a primary origin, or genesis, for Martian sand has not been demonstrated. This knowledge gap was recently heightened by the discovery of widespread sand motion, implying breakdown of grains to sub-sand sizes. To address the question of sand genesis, we investigated the source(s) of sand in Aeolis Dorsa (AD), the westernmost Medusae Fossae Formation, using comparisons to sand potentially sourced from multiple regions, each connoting a different sand genesis. Our methods included comparison of (1) AD sand mineralogies with those of possible sand source features, and (2) mapped AD sand deposits and inferred emplacement directions with modeled sand deposit locations and transport pathways. The results point to a time-transgressive unit, interpreted as pyroclastic, as a source of dark sand. High-resolution images of this unit reveal outcrops with dark sand weathering out of lithified bedrock. Given the extent of interpreted pyroclastic deposits on Mars, this sand genesis mechanism is likely widespread today and operated throughout Martian history. Whereas this work identified olivine-rich sand, a range of original pyroclastic lithologies would account for the mineralogic variability of dune fields on Mars. These findings can be tested through analyses of other pyroclastic deposits and potentially by data from the NASA Curiosity rover in nearby Gale crater.
ARFI elastography of the omentum: feasibility and diagnostic performance in differentiating benign from malignant omental masses
Authors: Alhyari Amjad , Görg Christian , Dietrich Christoph Frank , Trenker Corrina , Strauch Lena , Safai Zadeh Ehsan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in different omental masses (OM).DesignThis was a retrospective analysis of 106 patients with OM defined as omental thickness ≥1 cm, who underwent abdominal B-mode ultrasound (US) and standardised ARFI examinations of the OM between September 2018 and June 2021 at our university hospital. A cytohistological confirmation was available in 91/106 (85.8%) of all OM, including all 65/65 (100%) malignant OM (mOM) and 26/41 (63.4%) of benign OM (bOM). In 15/41 (36.6%) of bOM; cross-sectional imaging and or US follow-up with a mean duration of 19.8±3.1 months was performed. To examine the mean ARFI velocities (MAV) for potential cut-off values between bOM and mOM a receiver operating characteristic analysis was implemented.ResultsThe MAV in the mOM group (2.71±1.04 m/s) was significantly higher than that of bOM group (1.27±0.87 m/s) (p<0.001). Using 1.97 m/s as a cut-off yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 85.4%, respectively, in diagnosing mOM (area under the curve=0.851, 95% CI=0.774 to 0.928).ConclusionARFI elastography is feasible in the omentum and may represent a good non-invasive additional tool in differentiating bOM from mOM.
Morally injurious events and post-traumatic embitterment disorder in UK health and social care professionals during COVID-19: a cross-sectional web survey
Authors: Brennan Chloe J , McKay Michael T , Cole Jon C 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and predictors of morally injurious events (MIEs) and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) in UK health and social care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSeptember–October 2020 in the UK. Online survey hosted on Qualtrics, and recruited through Prolific.Participants400 health and social care workers, aged 18 or above and living and working in the UK during the pandemic.Main outcome measuresMIEs were assessed using the Moral Injury Events Scale and PTED was assessed using the PTED self-rating scale. Potential predictors were measured using surveys of exposure to occupational stressors, optimism, self-esteem, resilient coping style, consideration of future consequences and personal belief in a just world.Results19% of participants displayed clinical levels of PTED, and 73% experienced at least one COVID-related MIE. Exposure to occupational stressors increased the risk of experiencing PTED and MIEs, whereas personal belief in a procedurally just world, which is the belief that they experienced fair processes, was a protective mechanism.ConclusionsMIEs and PTED are being experienced by UK health and social care professionals, particularly in those exposed to work-related stressors.
Lessons from COVID-19 syndromic surveillance through emergency department activity: a prospective time series study from western Switzerland
Authors: Ageron Francois-Xavier , Hugli Olivier , Dami Fabrice , Caillet-Bois David , Pittet Valerie , Eckert Philippe , Beysard Nicolas , Carron Pierre-Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess if emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 outbreak could have improved our surveillance system.Design and settingsWe did an observational study using aggregated data from the ED of a university hospital and public health authorities in western Switzerland.ParticipantsAll patients admitted to the ED were included.Primary outcome measureThe main outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy. We used time series methods for ED syndromic surveillance (influenza-like syndrome, droplet isolation) and usual indicators from public health authorities (new cases, proportion of positive tests in the population).ResultsBased on 37 319 ED visits during the COVID-19 outbreak, 1421 ED visits (3.8%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with influenza-like syndrome or droplet isolation in the ED showed a similar correlation to ICU occupancy as confirmed cases in the general population, with a time lag of approximately 13 days (0.73, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.80; 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.86; and 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83, respectively). The proportion of positive tests in the population showed the best correlation with ICU occupancy (0.95, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.96).ConclusionED syndromic surveillance is an effective tool to detect and monitor a COVID-19 outbreak and to predict hospital resource needs. It would have allowed to anticipate ICU occupancy by 13 days, including significant aberration detection at the beginning of the second wave.