bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus affects periodontal health but not salivary status: An observational study
Authors: Cunha Paula de Oliveira , Rosa Isadora Messias Batista , Sant’ana Adriana Campos Passanezi , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , Negrato Carlos Antonio , Damante Carla Andreotti 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
The aim of this observational study was to assess the periodontal and salivary status of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients were divided into a test group (DM1G – T1DM, n = 15) and a control group (CG – normoglycemic, n = 15). Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated using probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PI). Salivary tests assessed pH, buffering capacity, salivary glucose, and peroxidase activity. Capillary blood glucose was recorded for all patients, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured only for patients with T1DM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05).

Results:
The results showed significantly higher PI and BOP values in DM1G (P < 0.01). Positive correlations were found between HbA1c, PI, and BOP (P < 0.01). Capillary blood glucose levels differed between groups (P < 0.01). Positive correlations between capillary blood glucose, PD, and CAL were found only in the CG (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the groups for salivary parameters (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients with T1DM exhibit poorer periodontal conditions compared to normoglycemic individuals, although no significant differences were found in salivary parameters between the two groups.
Comparative evaluation of oral hygiene status by using oral hygiene index, simplified oral hygiene index, and modified oral hygiene index: Revalidation of modified oral hygiene index
Authors: Garg Subhash , Nasir Sumbul 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Good oral hygiene is a critical component of overall oral health. Various methods have developed over time to assess oral hygiene status. In 1960, Greene and Vermillion introduced the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), which assessed debris and calculus on 12 tooth surfaces. In 1964, they proposed a Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which evaluated only 6 surfaces of six index teeth. The authors recommended the OHI-S due to its faster clinical assessments but concluded that it was less sensitive than the OHI despite both indices being sufficiently sensitive. In 1987, Garg S introduced the Modified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-M), which provides a more comprehensive evaluation by assessing debris and calculus on the facial (buccal/labial), oral (palatal/lingual), and specifically occlusal surfaces of each fully erupted permanent tooth. The OHI-M is a reliable and sensitive method for accurately evaluating oral hygiene status.

Aim:
This study aims to comparatively evaluate oral hygiene status using OHI, OHI-S, and OHI-M and revalidate the OHI-M.

Materials and Methods:
221 patients (119 males and 102 females) were randomly selected through simple random sampling. A single investigator performed the scoring. The sample size was determined based on a 95% confidence level. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and Pearson’s correlation test was employed to assess the correlations.

Results:
The mean and standard deviation of the OHI-M were found to be the lowest (2.55 ± 0.82) compared to the OHI (7.13 ± 1.79) and OHI-S (3.23 ± 0.99). It indicates that the variation in OHI-M values is smaller than that in OHI and OHI-S. Positive correlations were observed among the three indices, with a statistically significant result (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The OHI-M is found to be the most sensitive scoring method for evaluating oral hygiene status compared to the OHI and OHI-S. These results further confirm the validity of OHI-M.
Retained Fractured Intravenous Catheter: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Arua Onyinyechukwu Adaeze , Bolaji Akanni Abdulazeez , Promise Ubanatu , Echieh Chidiebere Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Retention of fractured intravenous (IV) catheters is an uncommon but significant complication arising from the prolonged use of peripheral IV cannulas. This report details two cases involving young women. The first case features a 23-year-old postmyomectomy patient who presented to the emergency unit after a fractured IV cannula was discovered during its removal at a peripheral center two days earlier. Doppler ultrasonography revealed that the fractured catheter was still lodged in the left cubital vein, leading to its surgical removal under local anesthesia. The patient recovered well and was discharged the following day. The second case involves a 32-year-old woman who was referred to the cardiothoracic unit due to puerperal sepsis. An 18G catheter in the left cephalic vein fractured, leaving the tip retained after five days of use. Doppler ultrasonography again assisted in localization, and venotomy was performed to extract the retained portion. Notably, both catheters were found at their original insertion sites, with no signs of migration despite the delay in treatment. These cases highlight that while the retention of fractured IV cannulas is rare, it can still occur, especially with prolonged use. Prompt intervention is crucial to avoid complications such as migration toward the heart and associated sequelae. Inflammation and thrombosis may mitigate this risk, as seen in the patients. Surgical retrieval was deemed effective and cost-efficient in both instances. This underscores the need for improved oversight of medical materials to discourage prolonged IV catheter use.
Iron Profile of Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Borodo Awwal Musa , Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Ibrahim Hauwa , Yau Nabila Ado , Kuliya-Gwarzo Aisha , Ahmed Sagir Gumel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic haemolytic disorder that is characterised by chronic anaemia and recurrent body pains, with Nigeria accounting for the highest burden globally. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the iron profile of SCD patients and that of haemoglobin AA controls, find the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia amongst SCD patients and compare the iron profile of transfusion-naïve SCD patients with those having a past history of blood transfusion.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study was used to assess the iron profile of 68 SCD patients compared with that of haemoglobin AA controls selected using a systematic sampling technique. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data and other information. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 for Windows with a statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of the cases and controls was 24.1 ± 6.5 years versus 33.1 ± 6.8 years, respectively. The median serum ferritin of the patients versus controls was 382 μg/l (interquartile range [IQR] =195,500) versus 60 μg/l (IQR = 27, 210), respectively. The mean soluble transferrin receptors for patients and controls were 23.4 ± 3.7 μg/l versus 12.4 ± 3.2 μg/l, respectively. The mean total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) for the patients and controls was 4 ± 0.8 μmol/l versus 3.1 ± 1 μmol/l, respectively, whereas the mean serum iron for patients and controls was 17.2 ± 5.3 μmol/l and 18.5 ± 4.9 μmol/l, respectively. Ferritin, TIBC and soluble transferrin receptor levels of the Hb SS patients were significantly higher compared to the controls (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The iron profile of SCD patients is significantly different from haemoglobin AA control; therefore, a comprehensive protocol on when to request iron profile tests should be developed by the relevant stakeholders to guide clinicians in the management of SCD patients.
Ethical and Medicolegal Implications of Obstetrics Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Obaro HK , Abdurrahman A , Shehu JS , Okonta NAE , Aminu BT , Olatunbosun OS , Ibrahim SO , Otaru M , Ojo OS , Olatoke SO 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the medical specialities with the highest worldwide litigation rate is obstetrics. An obstetrician would have to be extra careful and must have sound knowledge of ethical and medicolegal principles, to be able to escape legal actions from patients. In many African nations including Nigeria, the way medical personnel treated their patients was once accepted and indisputable. Nigerians are now becoming aware of medical malpractice and negligence, even though many victims still do not know how to demand justice, medical professionals too, lack the knowledge of the legal implications of their conduct. Obstetrics trainees receive little education on medical malpractice and risk management, thereby exposing the majority of them to litigation. This review is aimed at examining the ethical and medicolegal implications of obstetrics practice in Nigeria. Obstetrics practice in Nigeria is governed by ethical standards as well as legal limitations, hence every obstetrician will at some point be exposed to clinical circumstances that could result in medicolegal issues. To minimise litigation, obstetricians must adopt some strategies which include clear communication with patients and their relatives; obtaining informed consent for procedures, treatments and interventions; proper documentation of all discussions and interventions; continuing medical education, especially to keep well informed of the legal implications of obstetrics practice and the use of a chaperone when examining patients and maintain professional boundaries.
Writing a Clinical Case Report in Orthopaedics and Spine Care: A Step-by-step Principles for Authors
Authors: Olalekan Ajiboye Lukman , Aliyu Nuradeen Altine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite a huge diversity and strangeness that orthopaedic and spine cases could present to clinicians which may be important for the professional colleagues to learn from, writing an acceptable case report for public knowledge and benefit could be a serious task for any author. The challenges of writing a case report are a spectrum, ranging from even identifying a suitable case, to what and how to write, and many more. Hence, these could be a reason for jettisoning the idea of writing case report by many and subsequently failing to communicate and share their experience in clinical practice with the world. The aim of this study is to put down a stepwise method of writing a clinical case report in orthopaedic and spine care. Panoramic literature review and the author’s personal experience were expressed to highlight the justifications for a case report as well as examining its various components. The roles of case report in medical advancement, knowledge and skill acquisition are of crucial importance that every practicing physician and researcher should appreciate.
Risk Factors for Cerebrospinal Meningitis Outbreaks in Northern Nigeria: A Look at Age, Sex and Season
Authors: Braimah Joseph Odunayo , Fabio Mathias Correa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Nigeria is one of the countries in the Sahel region where cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) is a public health concern. Over the years, a concerning number of meningitis cases have been reported in Nigeria’s northern region.

Aim:
To investigate gender, age and month dynamics of CSM outbreaks from the northern region of Nigeria to improve the surveillance of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
Records of 390 symptomatic patients were collected from the Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria for three years (2020–2023). The data were transformed into categorical data with three explanatory variables (month, age and sex). To determine the significance of these factors on meningitis outbreaks, we fitted logistic regression to model the data.

Results:
Men were more susceptible to the disease than women, and the majority of meningitis cases were reported during the Harmattan season (October, November and December). The majority of patients were under 24 years old, most of which were children. The logistical regression models also showed that while gender and month had significant effects on the disease, age was a less significant variable contributing to meningitis outbreaks.

Conclusion:
The northern region of Nigeria had the highest number of meningitis cases during the dry season, especially October, November and December and in the under 24 years’ age group. Men reported a slightly higher incidence of meningitis than women. To strengthen meningitis surveillance and prevent a resurgence of the disease, it is necessary to pay attention to these dynamics.
Evaluating the Knowledge and Vaccination Intentions against Human Papillomavirus amongst Women with Adolescent Daughters in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezebuiro Emmanuella Ijeoma , Bassey Goddy , Mark Doris C. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant cause of cervical cancer, yet vaccination rates remain low. Understanding the knowledge and vaccination intentions amongst mothers can inform public health strategies. This study, therefore, sought to assess the knowledge and vaccination intentions regarding HPV amongst women with adolescent daughters in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based descriptive, multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital from March to May 2021. A total of 304 women with adolescent daughters were recruited using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23, with Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation to determine associations.

Results:
Out of 310 distributed questionnaires, 304 (98.1%) were completed. Most respondents were aged 30–39 years (40.5%) and predominantly from the Igbo ethnic group (50.7%). A significant portion had tertiary education (73.4%). Knowledge of HPV was good, with 62.2% aware of HPV and 55.6% knowledgeable about the HPV vaccine. Health workers were the primary source of information (57.1%). However, 85.2% were unaware of the recommended vaccine doses. Factors such as education level significantly influenced the knowledge of HPV and the vaccine (P = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions:
Despite good knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, there is a significant gap in specific knowledge regarding vaccination protocols. Enhanced educational efforts by health workers are essential to improve HPV vaccination rates.
Pattern of Neurological Intracranial Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria
Authors: Umar Farouk Kabir , Dahiru Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The complex nature of the brain presents considerable difficulties in the diagnoses and management of neurological diseases. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has surfaced as an invaluable diagnostic tool for neurological conditions by providing accurate and detailed images of the brain and spinal cord and thence, aiding treatment.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of intracranial neurologic lesions on MRI.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective investigation carried out during six months, spanning from April to August 2023, included the examination of 86 individuals with neurological disorders utilising 1.5 Tesla General Electric MRI. Images were evaluated and findings were documented and analysed using the SPSS software version 23.

Results:
The findings indicated that cerebral infarction was the predominant brain anomaly observed (32.56%) with males’ preponderance. Cerebral atrophy and cerebral metastasis were nearly equally prevalent, each occurring in 20.93% (n = 18) of the cases. No statistically significant difference was observed in gender variations (P = 0.54).

Conclusion:
Cerebral infarction is the most common intracranial neurologic lesion detected on MRI in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria.
Audit of the Operation Note of the Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Federal Medical Center Birnin Kudu
Authors: Ngibo Terver Josiah , Jatto Hamzah Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Comprehensive and accurate operation notes are crucial for effective communication, continuity of care and medico-legal documentation in surgical practice. This audit aimed to evaluate and improve the quality of orthopaedic surgery operation notes.

Methods:
A retrospective audit was conducted using the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) guidelines to assess the completeness and quality of 60 randomly selected handwritten orthopaedic surgery operation notes from a three-month period. Key documentation parameters were evaluated, and targeted interventions were implemented. A follow-up audit was conducted with another set of 60 operation notes to assess the impact of these interventions.

Results:
The initial audit revealed a mean compliance of 47.44%, with significant deficiencies in several key documentation parameters. Following interventions, including education and redesign of operation note templates, the follow-up audit demonstrated a mean compliance of 94.44%. Notable improvements were observed across all parameters, with compliance rates increasing from 0% to 100% for some critical elements.

Conclusion:
The implementation of targeted interventions based on the RCSE guidelines significantly improved the quality and completeness of orthopaedic surgery operation notes. Regular audits and continuous education are essential for maintaining high standards of surgical documentation, ultimately enhancing patient care and surgical outcomes.
La Central Hidroeléctrica De Pilmaiquén: Las Tensiones Entre El Diseño Institucional Y Su Implementación (1935-1951)
Authors: Muñoz Sougarret Jorge 
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo estudia las diferencias entre el diseño y la implementación de la primera central hidroeléctrica chilena, a inicios de la década de 1940. En las investigaciones previas se destacan las entidades privadas y públicas que planificaron la política de electrificación nacional, subvalorando el papel de actores locales en la construcción y orientación de tal política. A través de fuentes documentales, públicas y privadas, se expondrá cómo los grupos locales de la Provincia de Osorno intervinieron en la implementación de la central hidroeléctrica redirigiendo la energía a sus ámbitos particulares de interés, en desmedro de las propuestas centralizadoras originales.Palabras clave: Hidroelectricidad, industrialización, desarrollismo.
Gut microbiome composition in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiao-Tong , Jiang Min-Jie , Fu Yun-Lai , Xie Fang , Li Jian-Jun , Meng Qing-Hua 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome is associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but research results on the gut microbiome characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE are inconsistent.
AIM
To study the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using two keywords, HE, and gut microbiome. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, suitable literature was screened to extract data on the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE. The data were analyzed using RevMan and STATA.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included: (1) A meta-analysis of 7 studies revealed that the Shannon index in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than that in patients without HE [-0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.28 to -0.13, I2 = 20%]; (2) The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae (-2.73, 95%CI: -4.58 to -0.87, I2 = 38%) and Ruminococcaceae (-2.93, 95%CI: -4.29 to -1.56, I2 = 0%) in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than those in patients without HE; (3) In patients with HE, Enterococcus , Proteobacteria , Enterococcaceae , and Enterobacteriaceae proportions increased, but Ruminococcaceae , Lachnospiraceae , Prevotellaceae , and Bacteroidetes proportions decreased; (4) Differences in the fecal metabolome between liver cirrhosis patients with and without HE were detected; and (5) Differential gut microbiomes may serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools.
CONCLUSION
The gut microbiomes of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE differ. Some gut microbiomes may distinguish liver cirrhosis patients with or without HE and determine patient prognosis.
Prevalence of cardiometabolic co-morbidities in patients with vs persons without chronic hepatitis B: The FitLiver cohort study
Authors: Jespersen Sofie , Fritt-Rasmussen Asmita , Madsbad Sten , Pedersen Bente K , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Weis Nina 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects > 300 million people worldwide. The combination of CHB and cardiometabolic co-morbidities increases the risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. However, international guidelines for CHB treatment do not provide recommendations for follow-up examinations or treatment of patients with CHB and cardiometabolic comorbidities. In studies investigating cardiometabolic co-morbidity in patients with CHB, inconsistent findings have been observed, and both lower and higher prevalence of cardiometabolic co-morbidities compared to the general population have been reported. It is unclear whether patients with CHB living in Denmark have an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic co-morbidities.
AIM
To investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with CHB and matched non-CHB comparison group.
METHODS
We examined patients with CHB and age-, sex-, body mass index (BMI)-, and country-of-birth matched comparison group. Defining cardiometabolic co-morbidity: Obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2/abnormal waist-to-hip ratio), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), hypercholesterolemia (total-cholesterol > 5 mmol/L/statin use), hypertension (systolic ≥ 135 mmHg/ diastolic ≥ 85 mmHg/antihypertensive medication) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (2-hour oral glucose tolerance test glucose > 11.1 mmol/L/HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol/ antidiabetic medication). Physical activity was evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), activity monitors, and a questionnaire.
RESULTS
We included 98 patients with CHB and 49 persons in the comparison group. The two groups were well-matched, showing no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, country-of-birth, education, or employment. Among patients with CHB, the following prevalence of cardiometabolic co-morbidity was found: 77% were obese, 45% had MASLD, 38% had hypercholesterolemia, 26% had hypertension, and 7% had T2D, which did not differ significantly from the comparison group, apart from lower prevalence of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 48 mmol/L or known T2D. Both groups had low VO2max of 27 mL/kg/minute in the patients with CHB and 30 mL/kg/minute in the comparison group, and the patients with CHB had a shorter self-assessed sitting time.
CONCLUSION
The patients with CHB and the comparison group were well-matched and had a similar prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities. Furthermore, both groups had low levels of physical fitness.