bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for detecting probable COVID-19 cases from large-scale survey data also reveal probable sex differences in symptom profiles
Authors: Klein Amit , Puldon Karena , Dilchert Stephan , Hartogensis Wendy , Chowdhary Anoushka , Anglo Claudine , Pandya Leena S. , Hecht Frederick M. , Mason Ashley E. , Smarr Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDaily symptom reporting collected via web-based symptom survey tools holds the potential to improve disease monitoring. Such screening tools might be able to not only discriminate between states of acute illness and non-illness, but also make use of additional demographic information so as to identify how illnesses may differ across groups, such as biological sex. These capabilities may play an important role in the context of future disease outbreaks.ObjectiveUse data collected via a daily web-based symptom survey tool to develop a Bayesian model that could differentiate between COVID-19 and other illnesses and refine this model to identify illness profiles that differ by biological sex.MethodsWe used daily symptom profiles to plot symptom progressions for COVID-19, influenza (flu), and the common cold. We then built a Bayesian network to discriminate between these three illnesses based on daily symptom reports. We further separated out the COVID-19 cohort into self-reported female and male subgroups to observe any differences in symptoms relating to sex. We identified key symptoms that contributed to a COVID-19 prediction in both males and females using a logistic regression model.ResultsAlthough the Bayesian model performed only moderately well in identifying a COVID-19 diagnosis (71.6% true positive rate), the model showed promise in being able to differentiate between COVID-19, flu, and the common cold, as well as periods of acute illness vs. non-illness. Additionally, COVID-19 symptoms differed between the biological sexes; specifically, fever was a more important symptom in identifying subsequent COVID-19 infection among males than among females.ConclusionWeb-based symptom survey tools hold promise as tools to identify illness and may help with coordinated disease outbreak responses. Incorporating demographic factors such as biological sex into predictive models may elucidate important differences in symptom profiles that hold implications for disease detection.
Spinel harzburgite–derived silicate melts forming sulfide-bearing orthopyroxenite in the lithosphere. Part 2: Sulfide compositions and their chalcophile and highly siderophile trace element signatures
Authors: Bénard A. 
Published: November 2022

In the first article, we have reported petrological data for a new, glass-bearing orthopyroxenite vein cutting a sub-arc mantle xenolith from Kamchatka. As similar veins from the West Bismarck arc, this orthopyroxenite is sulfide-rich and formed by cooling of parental melts derived by partial melting of spinel harzburgite sources. Here, I report new data for the abundances of major base metals and chalcophile and highly siderophile trace elements in vein sulfides from the two localities. Kamchatka vein sulfides are all Cu-poor monosulfide solid solution (MSS). West Bismarck veins contain MSS and a ternary (Fe, Cu, Ni)S solid solution (“xSS”), which ranges between MSS and intermediate solid solution (ISS) in composition. Sulfides follow Ni and Cu enrichment trends and have chondrite-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns with elevated Pt relative to Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh. Pt alloys are frequently associated with sulfides and vugs formed from hydrothermal fluids, which also contain metallic Fe and wüstite. Vein sulfides, ranging from Fe-rich MSS (ca. 1,050–1,100°C) to xSS (≤850°C) through Ni-rich MSS, were formed in a sulfide liquid line of descent under oxygen and sulfur fugacity conditions (fO2 and fS2) down to one log unit below the fayalite–magnetite–quartz and close to the Pt-PtS buffers, respectively. The Ni and Cu enrichment trends in MSS are consistent with cooling and fractionation of Ni-rich and Cu-poor sulfide liquids (original atomic ∑metal/S∼0.9), which will finally solidify as xSS or ISS. Chondrite-normalized Pt/Pd&gt;1 in some of the sulfides is a signature of spinel harzburgite sources. Because it occurs at relatively low fS2, the crystallization sequence of these sulfide liquids is accompanied by the formation of abundant PGE alloys and other metallic phases. Melts derived from spinel harzburgite sources can be originally oxidized to carry up to ∼2,600 ppm S (predominantly as S6+) and follow a sulfide-undersaturated evolution trend, until they are rapidly cooled to crystallize as orthopyroxenite dykes or sills. There, S6+-Fe2+ redox reactions with host rocks, together with the production of high-Mg# andesite derivatives with low S solubility and high-temperature, hydrothermal fluids at decreasing fO2 and fS2, will lead to the local precipitation of abundant sulfides and alloys.
Independent and joint effect of relative telomere length and type 2 diabetes on all-cause mortality in American adults
Authors: Lan Beidi , Bai Yuan , Chang Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe joint effect of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the risk of all-cause death has been sparsely explored. The study designed to examine the joint effect of T2D and LTL on the probability of death in American adults.MethodsA cohort of 6862 adults with LTL measurements and with or without T2D from the NHANES 1999-2002 with follow-up information until 2015 was studied. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the length of telomeres relative to standard reference DNA (T/S ratio). Individuals were grouped into three tertiles according to the LTL levels, with the first tertile demonstrating the lowest one and used as the reference group. The effects of LTL and T2D status on death were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves along with log-rank test. Three Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for various confounders were used to examine the links between TL and all-cause death possibility using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsAdults in the sample averaged 45.54 years of age, with 49.51% being male. After a median follow-up period of 14.4 years, 1543 (22.5%) individuals died from all cause. The probability of all-cause mortality was higher among individuals with LTL in the highest tertile than individuals in the lowest tertile (aHR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.77-1.03); however, the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (P = 0.11). Conversely, the individuals with T2D had a higher probability of death than individuals without (aHR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06-1.50; P = 0.0092). When LTL and T2D status were investigated jointly, subjects in the highest TLT tertile and with T2D had the highest probability of mortality compared with their counterparts (aHR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07-1.68; P = 0.0101). However, there was no independent effect of low TLT on mortality as demonstrated among individuals with diabetes (aHR = 1.14; 95%CI: 0.95-1.38; P = 0.1662).ConclusionThe joint effect of TLT and T2D was larger than the sum of the independent effects on the risk of all-cause death. Participants with high TLT and diabetes showed the highest possibility of death compared with other groups.
Correlation analysis and application investigation of multi-angle simultaneous polarization measurement data and concentration of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere
Authors: Yuan Xuan , Song Jiawei , Zeng Nan , Guo Jun , Ma Hui 
Published: November 2022

Determining the composition, particle size distribution and concentration changes of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere is important for evaluating the quality of air and its impact on public health. The scattering and absorption of light by suspended particulate matter can change the polarization state of light, which can be used to extract characteristic information of measured particles. Firstly, we use our previously developed multi-angle simultaneous polarization measurement device to monitor the particulate matter around Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, and obtain high-throughput, high-dimensional Stokes data for nearly 1 month. The correlation between the Stokes data measured and the reference concentrations of five suspended particulate matter (Si, K, Fe, Ca, and Zn) was analyzed using the Periodical canonical correlation analysis (PCCA) method. The study shows a strong correlation between the three Stokes vectors and the concentrations of two types of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere. Moreover, a prediction model for the concentration change of suspended particles was proposed by combining the locally weighted linear regression (LWLR) and the auto regressive moving average (ARMA) model. The prediction results on the concentration change of K and Fe in the atmosphere verified the validity of our method. The research in this work offers the possibility of continuous analysis and prediction of atmospheric suspended particulate matter in real environments.
Characteristics and source profiles of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the heavy industrial province of Northeast China with cruise monitoring
Authors: Shang Yijing , Chen Weiwei , Bao Qiuyang , Yu Yang , Pang Xiaobing , Zhang Yanli , Guo Li , Fu Jing , Feng Wei 
Published: November 2022

As key precursors of tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution, volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution and related studies in China are mainly concentrated in developed regions or metropolises, while there are few studies on VOC pollution in the heavy industrial base in Northeast China. This study conducted a systematic survey of VOCs’ information for the first time in Jilin Province, covering eight prefecture-level cities, ten major industries (e.g., petrochemical, chemical), and 130 major factories, based on cruise monitoring for 2 months. The concentrations and compositions (i.e., 65 species) of VOC were measured in real-time. The emission characteristics of VOC, local source profiles, and the ozone formation potential (OFP) were further analyzed to support O3 pollution control in Northeast China. On the provincial scale, the concentrations of total VOC during the monitoring period ranged from 0.03 to 18321.5 μg/m3, and averaged at 607.9 ± 2051.8 μg/m3. Among the prefecture-level cities, Jilin City had the highest concentration level (1938.0 ± 3811.3 μg/m3) given the largest numbers of petrochemical factories, and the lowest level (85.5 ± 48.9 μg/m3) was found in Liaoyuan City. At the industrial scale, the highest (1915.2 ± 1842.6 μg/m3) was detected in the petrochemical industry with a major species of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The lowest VOC emission concentration levels were found in the textile industry (57.8 ± 44.6 μg/m3; major species: xylene/ethylbenzene). Local source profiles in various industries were established, and normalized OFP of corresponding species was calculated, which are important parameters to evaluate the contribution of different VOC sources to O3 pollution. Combined with provincial industrial structure and future planning, we suggest two major industries including the chemical industry and petrochemical industry in Changchun City and Jilin City are prior to being optimized to reduce O3 pollution. This study contributes to the knowledge of the characteristics and source profiles of VOC emissions, providing an important reference for the management or control of O3 pollution in Northeast China.
College students’ screening early warning factors in identification of suicide risk
Authors: Han Ke , Ji Lei , Chen Changfeng , Hou Binyin , Ren Decheng , Yuan Fan , Liu Liangjie , Bi Yan , Guo Zhenming , Wu Na , Feng Mofan , Su Kai , Wang Chenliu , Yang Fengping , Wu Xi , Li Xingwang , Liu Chuanxin , Zuo Zhen , Zhang Rong , Yi Zhenghui , Xu Yifeng , He Lin , Shi Yi , Yu Tao , He Guang 
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore the main influencing factors of suicide risk among Chinese students and establish an early warning model to provide interventions for high-risk students. We conducted surveys of students in their first and third years from a cohort study at Jining Medical College. Logistic regression models were used to screen the early warning factors, and four machine learning models were used to establish early warning models. There were 8 factors related to suicide risk that were eventually obtained through screening, including age, having a rough father, and CES-D, OHQ, ASLEC-4, BFI-Neuroticism, BFI-Openness, and MMC-AF-C scores. A random forest model with SMOTE was adopted, and it verified that these 8 early warning signs, for suicide risk can effectively predict suicide risk within 2 years with an AUC score of 0.947. Among the factors, we constructed a model that indicated that different personality traits affected suicide risk by different paths. Moreover, the factors obtained by screening can be used to identify college students in the same year with a high risk of suicide, with an AUC score that reached 0.953. Based on this study, we suggested some interventions to prevent students going high suicide risk.
Peripheral ulcerative keratitis, nodular episcleritis, and pulmonary nodules as the initial signs of rheumatic arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Jingting , Zhang Qin , Shi Weiyun , Pang Yilin , Li Suxia 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRheumatoid vasculitis (RV) is a rare but potentially devastating complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It typically occurs in patients with extra-articular manifestations. Here we reported a case of PUK with nodular episcleritis and pulmonary nodules that occurred in the same patient without joint involvement.Case presentationA 43-year-old Chinese woman, exhibited a partial crescent-shaped marginal corneal ulcer in the right eye at admission and the ulcer developed rapidly into nearly 360-degree ulcers in both eyes within one week. Nodular episcleritis was observed in the right eye. Conjunctival biopsy revealed vasculitis. Her rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody were positive, while anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) and anti-protease 3 were negative. Pulmonary nodules were found, without joint involvement. The ocular condition did not relieve under the topical and systemic use of corticosteroids, or under other immunosuppressive agents until the infliximab therapy. PUK recurrence was observed after the discontinuation of infliximab.ConclusionsRapidly deteriorated PUK with nodular episcleritis and pulmonary nodules occurred in the same patient is a special case of RA without joint involvement. This case reinforces the concept that RV may be the initial sign of RA. Infliximab can be used to prevent further progress of RA-related PUK in some refractory cases.
Caregiver perspectives on barriers and facilitators to primary care for autistic adults: A qualitative study
Authors: Stein Duker Leah I. , Goodman Elizabeth , Pomponio Davidson Amber , Mosqueda Laura 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPrimary care is associated with greater access to healthcare services and improved health outcomes. However, autistic adults report challenges accessing and utilizing primary care, in addition to unmet healthcare needs. The need to minimize existing barriers and identify strategies to facilitate successful healthcare encounters is increasingly important as autistic adults represent a growing segment of society. Minimal research has examined primary healthcare encounters for this population.MethodsAs part of a larger convergent parallel design mixed-methods study that recruited autistic adults, caregivers of autistic adults, and primary care providers treating autistic adults, interviews were conducted with 31 caregivers of autistic adults. Caregivers were predominantly female (94%), and the autistic adult they cared for were primarily male (87%), with a mean age of 24 years. Thematic analysis was employed to elucidate the barriers to care, suggestions to mitigate challenges, and/or successful strategies implemented during care encounters for autistic adults, as reported by their caregivers.ResultsReported here are the results only from the caregiver interviews, in which seven themes emerged: (1) finding a primary care provider; (2) patient-provider communication; (3) anxiety due to unpredictability, an overstimulating sensory environment, and waiting time; (4) participation of consumers in the healthcare process; (5) stigma and assumptions about autism; (6) caregiver experiences; and (7) the impact of culture and ethnicity on care.ConclusionFindings from this study have the potential to inform the development of, or improve existing, client-centered interventions to improve primary healthcare services for autistic adults.
Efficacy and adverse effects of peripheral nerve blocks and local infiltration anesthesia after arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Yi-bo , Wang Ji-hua , Wu Guang-han , Shi Peng-cai 
Published: November 2022

Study objectiveTo quantitatively assess and compare the efficacy and adverse effects of six different peripheral nerve block techniques after arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ASS).DesignBayesian network meta-analysis.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Scientific Journal database, Wan Fang databases were searched to retrieve randomized clinical trials comparing interscalene brachial plexus block, continuous interscalene brachial plexus block, supraclavicular brachial plexus block, suprascapular nerve block, combined suprascapular and axillary nerve block and local infiltration analgesia on postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and adverse effects (defined as Horner’s syndrome, dyspnea, hoarseness, vomiting, and nausea) after ASS under general anesthesia (GA). Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.ResultsA total of 1,348 articles were retrieved initially and 36 randomized clinical trials involving 3,124 patients were included in the final analysis. The network meta-analysis showed that interscalene brachial plexus block was superior in reducing pain and opioid consumption compared to the five other interventions. However, adverse effects were reduced using suprascapular nerve block and combined suprascapular and axillary nerve block compared to interscalene brachial plexus block.ConclusionInterscalene brachial plexus block was superior in reducing pain and opioid consumption compared to other peripheral nerve blocks but had a higher frequency of adverse events.
Cost-accuracy and patient experience assessment of blood pressure monitoring methods to diagnose hypertension: A comparative effectiveness study
Authors: González-de Paz Luis , Kostov Belchin , Freixa Xavier , Herranz Carmen , Lagarda Elena , Ortega María , Pérez Elisa , Porcar Silvia , Sánchez Eva , Serrato Montserrat , Vidiella Ingrid , Sisó-Almirall Antoni 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesStudies of the diagnosis of hypertension have emphasized long-term cost-effectiveness analysis, but the patient experience and costs of blood pressure monitoring methods at the diagnosis stage remain unclear. We studied four diagnostic methods: a new 1 h-automated office blood pressure (BP) monitoring, office BP measurement, home BP monitoring, and awake-ambulatory BP monitoring.MethodsWe carried out a comparative effectiveness study of four methods of diagnosing hypertension in 500 participants with a clinical suspicion of hypertension from three primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Barcelona city (Spain). We evaluated the time required and the intrinsic and extrinsic costs of the four methods. The cost-accuracy ratio was calculated and differences between methods were assessed using ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test. Patient experience data were transformed using Rasch analysis and re-scaled from 0 to 10.ResultsOffice BP measurement was the most expensive method (€156.82, 95% CI: 156.18–157.46) and 1 h-automated BP measurement the cheapest (€85.91, 95% CI: 85.59–86.23). 1 h-automated BP measurement had the best cost-accuracy ratio (€ 1.19) and office BP measurement the worst (€ 2.34). Home BP monitoring (8.01, 95% CI: 7.70–8.22), and 1 h-automated BP measurement (7.99, 95% CI: 7.80–8.18) had the greatest patient approval: 66.94% of participants would recommend 1 h-automated BP measurement as the first or second option.ConclusionThe relationship between the cost-accuracy ratio and the patient experience suggests physicians could use the new 1 h-automated BP measurement as the first option and awake-ambulatory BP monitoring in complicated cases and cease diagnosing hypertension using office BP measurement.
Chinese herbal medicine for migraine management: A hospital-based retrospective analysis of electronic medical records
Authors: Lyu Shaohua , Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Sun Jingbo , Weng Heng , Xue Charlie Changli , Guo Xinfeng , Zhang Anthony Lin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMigraine is a chronic neurological disease causing significant socioeconomic burden and impaired quality of life. Chinese medicine is commonly used for migraine in China. Clinical trials have generated evidence of the effectiveness of Chinese medicine therapies for migraine. However, little is known about how to use these therapies to treat migraine in real-world clinical settings.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed data from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 2,023 migraine patients who attended the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (GPHCM) between July 2018 and July 2020.ResultsMore than three-quarters (77.21%) of the patients were female. Most (78.20%) of the patients were aged between 18 and 50 years, 18.49% were aged above 50 years, and the remaining 3.31% were under 18 years. Sleep disorders were the most documented comorbidity occurring in 27.29% of patients, and more common in females (29.77%) than male (18.87%). Fatigue was the most frequently reported trigger of migraine attacks among all patients (9.39%), while menstruation was the most common trigger for female patients (10.24%). Less than a quarter of patients (21.01%) reported a history of taking analgesic medication for their migraine. The median treatment duration reported by the patients was 10 days. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was the predominant treatment for migraine at the hospital (88.48%), while pharmacotherapies were prescribed to 28.97% of the patients. CHM was prescribed more often as a sole treatment (53.58% of patients) than combined with pharmacotherapies (27.39% of patients). Among patients who reported improvements after taking CHM, the most frequently used herbs were fu ling and chuan xiong, the most frequent patented CHM product was tong tian oral solution, and the main herbal formulae were chuan xiong cha tiao san and yi qi cong ming tang.ConclusionCHM formulae, such as chuan xiong cha tiao san and yi qi cong ming tang, patented CHM product tong tian oral solution, and some herbs are potentially effective treatments for migraine. As such, CHM can be used as an alternative to conventional pharmacotherapies for migraine and is worth further evaluation in randomized controlled trials.