bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tangible and digital materials for spatial play: Exploring the effects on parental talk and children's spatial reasoning
Authors: Antrilli Nick K. , Wang Su‐hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnology is transforming children's lived experience with spatial play. In particular, parents may interact with children differently depending on whether they play together with tangible or digital materials. The present research examined whether the medium for play (tangible or digital) affected kindergarten‐aged children's language experience during puzzle play and explored immediate effects on spatial reasoning. Sixty parent–child dyads played with a tangible or a digital set of tangram puzzles for 10 minutes; children received the Children's Mental Transformation Task (CMTT) before and after the play session. Their performance on the most challenging problems of the CMTT improved after tangible, but not digital, play. This effect was related to parental use of orientation and transformation words during the play session and unrelated to the success of puzzle completion. Moreover, we found that the digital interface, specifically the prescribed movements to use the app, affected parental use of deictic words (eg, here, there), and that this relation may be driven by children's production of a pointing‐like action. Together, these results shed light on the interaction between material for play, parent spatial talk and children's spatial reasoning.Practitioner notesWhat is already knownThe use of touchscreen devices for play by children has become increasingly common.Parents tend to engage children in device‐relevant talk more than task‐relevant talk when using electronic devices.Hands‐on experience with tangible materials provides short‐term and long‐term benefits on children's spatial reasoning.What this paper addsWith their parents, children at 5 to 6 years completed more puzzles of tangible materials than of digital materials; the design interface of the digital puzzles affected children's action experience.Tangible materials invited parents to talk about orientation and transformation more than digital materials. The design interface that prompted children to produce pointing‐like gestures invited parents to use more deictic words (eg, here, there).Children's spatial reasoning was elevated after playing with tangible (but not digital) puzzles. This elevation was related to parental talk about orientation and transformation.Implications for practice and/or policyThis study sheds light on the considerations for parents and educators when choosing tangible or digital materials for children to engage in spatial play.The results inform about design principles of educational technology for spatial learning by children at the kindergarten age.
Cluster‐based improvement rates for trust establishment models in single or distributed multi‐agent systems
Authors: Templeton Julian , Tran Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntelligent agents within open and dynamic multi‐agent systems are becoming increasingly capable in their decision‐making abilities and rely upon the notion of trustworthiness to determine which agents to interact with. To improve the overall performance of trust establishment models which trustees individually select and equip to improve their trustworthiness with trustors, while balancing the resources being spent, a cluster‐based trust establishment model update mechanism is proposed. This cluster‐based approach is applicable to robust trust establishment models which utilize dynamic improvement and disimprovement rate variables to adjust a trustee's behaviors toward trustors to improve or maintain trust with the trustor. By storing a single trust establishment model's dynamic improvement and disimprovement rate variables independently for each trustor and by clustering similar trustors together based on observed experiences, a model can more accurately update a trustee's behaviors toward trustors. Through simulated experiments comparing the performance of the existing integrated trust establishment (ITE) model with and without the cluster‐based approach, with varying trustor to trustee ratios to diversify the agent behaviors, the cluster‐based approach consistently improves a trustee's ability to fully meet a trustor's needs, for less resources than ITE, while minimizing the corresponding impact to the trustee's overall trust.
Protective roles of cytoplasmic p21Cip1/Waf1 in senolysis and ferroptosis of lung cancer cells
Authors: Koyanagi Akira , Kotani Hitoshi , Iida Yuichi , Tanino Ryosuke , Kartika Irna D. , Kishimoto Koji , Harada Mamoru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTherapy‐induced senescent cancer cells increase the expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p16Ink4a and p21Cip1/Waf1. Given that p21 regulates not only the cell cycle but also cell death, we investigated the roles of p21 in cell death using a p16‐negative A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.MethodsSenescence was induced by doxorubicin (DXR) or pemetrexed (PEM). The protein expression of p21 was examined by immunoblot. Cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were determined by flow cytometry. ABT‐263 and ABT‐737 were used as senolytic drugs. In vivo growth of A549 cells with different levels of p21 and their sensitivity to PEM were examined in xenograft models.ResultsDXR‐induced senescent A549 cells increased the expression of cytoplasmic p21, and the sensitivity to ABT‐263 was augmented in p21‐knockout A549 (A549‐KOp21) cells. A similar senolytic effect was observed when PEM was combined with ABT‐737. PEM alone induced a higher level of non‐apoptotic cell death, ferroptosis, in A549‐KOp21 cells than in A549 cells. Although there was no difference in the level of lipid peroxidation, ROS levels were higher in PEM‐treated A549‐KOp21 cells than in PEM‐treated A549 cells. A loss of p21 increased the sensitivity of A549 cells to PEM both in vitro and in vivo. A clinical database analysis showed that CDKN1Ahigh lung adenocarcinoma patients had a poorer prognosis compared to CDKN1Alow patients.ConclusionCytoplasmic p21, which was increased in therapy‐induced senescent lung cancer cells, plays protective roles in senolysis and ferroptosis.
Prevalence of mortality in mammals: A retrospective study from wildlife rescue center of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Binaya , Baral Kedar , Bhandari Shivish , Kunwar Ripu Mardhan , Subedi Suresh Chandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo assess threats to the population of native mammals and their survival, we performed a retrospective study utilizing a rescue and rehabilitation database from Nepal. Based on a total number of 1013 cases involving six taxonomic families of mammals admitted over five years, the outcome (mortality and survivability) differed significantly among six taxa (χ2[df = 5, N = 1013] = 65.08, p < .001). The mortality rate was highest in Felidae (74%), followed by Herpestidae (69%), Viverridae (62%), Bovidae (50%), Cervidae (50%), and Cercopithecidae (38%). The outcome also differed significantly among the causes of admission (χ2[df = 9, N = 1013] = 241.48, p < .001). The prevalence of mortality was highest in the cases of gunshot and poisoning, followed by collision with a vehicle, diseases/infection, entanglement/trapped, injured by dogs/cats, abandoned/orphaned, injured by humans, unknown causes, and domestic/captivity issues. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the significant influence of taxonomic family, age group, and cause of admission on the likelihood of mortality of the rescued mammals. The odds ratio of mortality was higher for carnivore taxa, and juveniles were more likely to succumb to death than adults. Our study provides important information associated with the mortality of rescued mammals, thereby assisting in the development and formulation of strategies for threat mitigation and an efficient rehabilitation process.
Metabolic profile‐based subgroups can identify differences in brain volumes and brain iron deposition
Authors: Lumsden Amanda L. , Mulugeta Anwar , Mäkinen Ville‐Petteri , Hyppönen Elina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate associations of metabolic profiles and biomarkers with brain atrophy, lesions, and iron deposition to understand the early risk factors associated with dementia.Materials and methodsUsing data from 26 239 UK Biobank participants free from dementia and stroke, we assessed the associations of metabolic subgroups, derived using an artificial neural network approach (self‐organizing map), and 39 individual biomarkers with brain MRI measures: total brain volume (TBV), grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), hippocampal volume (HV), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and caudate iron deposition.ResultsIn metabolic subgroup analyses, participants characterized by high triglycerides and liver enzymes showed the most adverse brain outcomes compared to the healthy reference subgroup with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and low body mass index (BMI) including associations with GMV (βstandardized −0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.24 to −0.16), HV (βstandardized −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.04), WMH volume (βstandardized 0.22, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.26), and caudate iron deposition (βstandardized 0.30, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.34), with similar adverse associations for the subgroup with high BMI, C‐reactive protein and cystatin C, and the subgroup with high blood pressure (BP) and apolipoprotein B. Among the biomarkers, striking associations were seen between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and caudate iron deposition (βstandardized 0.23, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.24 per 1 SD increase), GMV (βstandardized −0.15, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.14) and HV (βstandardized −0.11, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.10), and between BP and WMH volume (βstandardized 0.13, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.14 for diastolic BP).ConclusionsMetabolic profiles were associated differentially with brain neuroimaging characteristics. Associations of BMR, BP and other individual biomarkers may provide insights into actionable mechanisms driving these brain associations.
Consumer revolution in north‐western Germany: Material culture, global goods, and proto‐industry in rural households in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries
Authors: Bovenkerk Henning , Fertig Christine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExisting scholarship on the early modern consumer revolution postulates a dichotomy between the classic pioneering countries of England and the Netherlands and the remaining parts of Europe, which were more stagnant. We contribute to this literature by analysing probate inventories in a rural area in north‐western Germany. We show that a closer look at these spaces, which had an intermediate level of development and integration into global markets, reveals a more gradual development and a discernible market evolution. Sumptuary laws may have somewhat slowed down the change in material culture in German regions, but the presence of towns and the proximity to the Netherlands had noticeably positive effects on consumer behaviour. The proto‐industrial orientation of local economies proved to be particularly important, as it led to the granting of access to global markets, in addition to greater availability of cash. We observe a delayed diffusion of the new consumer culture in intermediate European regions and argue for a more gradual view of the European consumer revolution.
APOE ε4 influences cognitive decline positively in APP and negatively in PSEN1 mutation carriers with autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Almkvist Ove , Johansson Charlotte , Laffita‐Mesa Jose , Thordardottir Steinunn , Graff Caroline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to investigate the effect of APOE ε4 allele on cognitive decline in adAD. Presence of the APOE ε4 allele reduces age of symptom onset, increases disease progression, and lowers cognitive performance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the impact of the APOE ε4 allele in autosomal‐dominant AD (adAD) is incompletely known.MethodsMutation carriers (MCs; n = 39) and non‐carriers (NCs; n = 40) from six adAD families harbouring a mutation in the APP (28 MCs and 25 NCs) or the PSEN1 genes (11 MCs and 15 NCs) underwent repeated cognitive assessments. A timeline of disease course was defined as years to expected age of clinical onset (YECO) based on history of disease onset in each family. The MC and NC groups were comparable with regard to demographics and prevalence of the APOE ε4 allele. The relationship between cognitive decline and YECO, YECO2, education, APOE, and APOE‐by‐YECO interaction was analysed using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsThe trajectory of cognitive decline was significantly predicted by linear and quadratic YECO and education in MCs and was determined by age and education in NCs. Adding APOE ε4 allele (presence/absence) as a predictor did not change the results in the MC and NC groups. The outcome also remained the same for MCs and NCs after adding the APOE‐by‐YECO interaction as a predictor. Analyses of APP and PSEN1 MCs separately showed favourable APOE‐by‐YECO interaction in APP (less steep decline) and unfavourable interaction in PSEN1 (steeper decline), linked to the APOE ε4 allele.ConclusionThe APOE ε4 allele influences cognitive decline positively in APP and negatively in PSEN1 mutation carriers with adAD, indicating a possible antagonistic pleiotropy.
Establishment of interlaminar structure and crack propagation in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by interleaving CNTs/PEK‐C film
Authors: Yao Jiawei , Li Hongfu , Wu Ying , Niu Kangmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synergistic combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and thermoplastic (TP) resin has shown the large potential in the improvement of fracture resistance for the epoxy matrix composites using the interleaving toughening method in recent years. The hybrid structure of CNTs and TP resin in interlayers affects directly the interlaminar structure and the resultant crack propagation path. In this work, the CNTs and thermoplastic polyetherketone‐cardo (PEK‐C) were used to prepare the interlayer of different structures to interleave the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites and the influence of hybrid structure on the interlaminar structure and the fracture toughness was investigated. The results showed that compared with the PEK‐C/CNTs uniformly hybrid interlayer, the sandwich interlayer produced better toughening effect in mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC). The GIC was improved by 138.1% via PEK‐C/CNTs/PEK‐C sandwich interlayer, while only 49.7% via PEK‐C/CNTs hybrid interlayer. The sandwich interlayer resulted in the formation of the multilayered structure in the interlaminar region, facilitating the tortuous crack propagation path.
Topical liposomal amphotericin B gel treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, pilot study
Authors: Horev Amir , Sagi Orli , Zur Eyal , Ben‐Shimol Shalom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) topical treatments may have low efficacy, while systemic treatments have adverse effects (AEs) and high cost. Since treatment options for CL nowadays have numerous disadvantages, an alternative topical treatment is vastly needed. We assessed liposomal amphotericin B gel (LAmB gel) treatment efficacy and safety.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Adults with CL (PCR proven, ≤5 lesions) were randomized for 28 days with LAmB gel (cases) versus placebo gel (controls), followed by LAmB gel for 28 days (both groups). Lesion size, ulceration, induration, scarring, swelling, and AEs (pain, itch, erythema, discharge, fever, and urticaria) were assessed at days 1, 28, and 56. PCR was repeated at day 56.ResultsThirteen patients (four cases, nine controls) with 39 lesions (11 cases, 28 controls) caused by Leishmania major (L. major) were randomized. Ulcer, induration, scarring, and swelling were noted in 18%, 91%, 0%, and 27% of cases, respectively, versus 86%, 89%, 7%, and 54% of controls, respectively. At day 28, improvement rates were low in both groups. Induration improved comparing LAmB gel treatment for 56 days versus 28 days. Ulceration, induration, and swelling improved comparing all patients at 56 days versus 28 days. PCR turned negative in three of four cases and eight of nine controls. Mild, only local, AEs were reported in <30% of the patients.ConclusionsLAmB gel is safe and may be considered as an alternative topical treatment for CL caused by L. major. Further, larger‐scale studies are warranted to evaluate the long‐term impact of LAmB gel on the management of CL.
Non‐stoichiometric BZT‐BCT ferroelectrics with visible/near‐infrared photoresponse for broadband photodetection
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Chen , He Xiang , Yao Kui , Yi Zhiguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric materials exhibits great potential in photoelectric applications. However, their photoresponse is generally limited to the UV region due to the wide bandgap feature of most perovskite ferroelectric materials, while the narrowing of bandgap is often accompanied by the degradation or even extinction of the ferroelectric polarization. Herein, 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT‐BCT) with bandgap of 2.4 eV arising from the existence of Ti3+ is prepared, and then titanium vacancies are introduced to BZT‐BCT ferroelectric solid solutions through B‐site off‐stoichiometry (0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)Ti1 − x%O3, BZT‐BCT1 − x%) to further tune the bandgap. Lowest bandgap of 2.1 eV with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption is obtained for BZT‐BCT0.990 composition. Moreover, both the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity (Pr = 14.3 μC/cm2, d33 = 415 pC/N) are well maintained after mitigating the effect of the increased oxygen vacancies associated with Ti‐deficiency on the spontaneous polarization by oxygen‐annealing treatment. More specifically, the oxygen‐annealing BZT‐BCT0.985 composition, showing at least 2.4‐fold photovoltage and 2.2‐fold photocurrent of the pristine BZT‐BCT ceramic, exhibits excellent transient pyroelectric current and stable photovoltaic current under xenon, NIR, and monochromatic visible lights. The photoelectric device based on the oxygen‐annealing BZT‐BCT0.985 ceramic performs wide‐spectrum photodetection properties from 405 nm light to NIR light, which makes it a potential candidate for self‐powered photodetector applications.
Combating biotic stresses in plants by synthetic microbial communities: Principles, applications and challenges
Authors: Pradhan Salila , Tyagi Rashi , Sharma Shilpi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Presently, agriculture worldwide is facing the major challenge of feeding the increasing population sustainably. The conventional practices have not only failed to meet the projected needs, but also led to tremendous environmental consequences. Hence, to ensure a food-secure and environmentally sound future, the major thrust is on sustainable alternatives. Due to challenges associated with conventional means of application of biocontrol agents in the management of biotic stresses in agroecosystems, significant transformations in this context are needed. The crucial role played by soil microbiome in efficiently and sustainably managing the agricultural production has unfolded a newer approach of rhizosphere engineering that shows immense promise in mitigating biotic stresses in an eco-friendly manner. The strategy of generating synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), by integrating omics approaches with traditional techniques of enumeration and in-depth analysis of plant–microbe interactions, is encouraging. The review discusses the significance of the rhizospheric microbiome in plant's fitness, and its manipulation for enhancing plant attributes. The focus of the review is to critically analyse the potential tools for the design and utilization of SynComs as a sustainable approach for rhizosphere engineering to ameliorate biotic stresses in plants. Furthermore, based on the synthesis of reports in the area, we have put forth possible solutions to some of the critical issues that impair the large-scale application of SynComs in agriculture.
Evaluating a learning analytics dashboard to detect dishonest behaviours: A case study in small private online courses with academic recognition
Authors: Jaramillo‐Morillo Daniel , Ruipérez‐Valiente José A. , Burbano Astaiza Claudia Patricia , Solarte Mario , Ramirez‐Gonzalez Gustavo , Alexandron Giora 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmall private online courses (SPOCs) are one of the strategies to introduce the massive open online courses (MOOCs) within the university environment and to have these courses validates for academic credit. However, numerous researchers have highlighted that academic dishonesty is greatly facilitated by the online context in which SPOCs are offered. And while numerous algorithms have already been proposed, no research has been performed on how to transfer this information to instructors, so that they can intervene and decrease the prevalence of this issue.ObjectivesIn this article, we present a qualitative evaluation of a tool for detecting and monitoring students suspected of academic dishonesty in SPOCs in Selene, a Colombian instance of Open edX.MethodsThe evaluation was carried out through semi‐structured interviews with four instructors who taught SPOCs with academic recognition at the University of Cauca.ResultsThe evaluation results indicated that participants found the dashboard reliable and appropriate to detect academic dishonesty behaviours in order to intervene in these cases.ImplicationsBut interventions are difficult to systematise, need an institutional policy, and there is uncertainty about whether these interventions can actually contribute to decreasing academic dishonesty.
Micra pacemaker in adult congenital heart disease patients: A case series
Authors: Bassareo Pier Paolo , Walsh Kevin Patrick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionImplantation of transvenous endocardial or epicardial pacemakers presents specific challenges in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. Micra leadless permanent pacemakers (Micra PPM) may overcome some of these difficulties.MethodsFifteen ACHD patients who underwent Micra PPM insertion were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsMales 53.3%. Mean age at study: 37.5 ± 10.7 years. Mean age at Micra PPM insertion: 35.5 ± 11.0 years. Mean follow‐up so far: 2.0 ± 0.3 years. Concerning the ACHD patients, 6.7% had a simple defect, 66.6% had a moderately complex defect, 26.7% were complex. Four patients (26.7%) had a previous PPM implantation. Three patients (20%) had a systemic right ventricle. Two patients (13.3%) had a single ventricle physiology. Five (33.3%) had Trisomy 21. The most commonly used Micra PPM modality was single chamber ventricular pacemaker (73.3%). Mean threshold post implantation was 0.48 V [range: 0.25−1.13 V], while mean threshold at 6 months control was 0.60 V [range: 0.38−1.13 V] (p = ns). Mean R wave postimplantation was 10.3 V [range: 3.25−19.4 V], whilst mean R wave at 6 months follow‐up was 10.1 V [range: 3.5−19.0 V] (p = ns). No major peri and postprocedural complications were encountered.Conclusionssince ACHD patients are living longer and surviving into adulthood, the incidence of conduction disorders continues to increase, as part of the natural history of some lesions or as early or late complication of surgery. The Micra leadless PPM can be successfully implanted in ACHD patients and have significant theoretical advantages. They should be considered when transvenous and epicardial pacing are either contraindicated or represent an otherwise suboptimal approach.