bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive working condition identification scheme for rolling bearings based on modified CEEMDAN as well as modified hierarchical amplitude-aware permutation entropy
Authors: Shu Ling , Deng Hongbin , Liu Xiaoming , Pan Zhenhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a pivotal part of a machine driven system, the health states of rolling bearings usually determine the normal operation of a whole item of equipment. Consequently, it is important to make accurate and timely judgments as to the operating conditions of rolling bearings. In this paper, a synthesized diagnosis technology, including fault pre-judgment and identification for rolling bearings is proposed. In the first section, a threshold value is defined on the basis of the sensitivity of amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) to bearing faults. Whether the bearing has defects is judged is based on this value. If a defect exists, a feature extraction scheme combining the modified complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (MCEEMDAN) and the modified hierarchical AAPE (MHAAPE) is adopted, to fully mine the hidden state features. Firstly, the scheme uses MCEEMDAN, which benefits from a good time-frequency decomposition capability, to divide the signal of trouble into a group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Second, the MHAAPE of each IMF component is computed to form the candidate state features. Then, multi cluster feature selection is employed to compress the high-dimensional fault features to form the low-dimensional sensitive feature vectors required for subsequent classification. Finally, the sensitive feature vectors are input into a random forest classifier for training and classification, so as to ascertain the different fault types and severity. In addition, different contrastive methods are tested based on experimental data. The experiment results indicate that, compared to contrastive methods, the proposed scheme enjoys better performance, which can effectively judge whether the bearing is healthy and accurately identify different fault states in bearings.
Application of electrodeposited Cu-metal nanoflake structures as 3D current collector in lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Xia Yuanyuan , Hu Wang , Yao Yiyuan , Chen Shuhui , Ahn Seongki , Hang Tao , Wu Yunwen , Li Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since uncontrolled lithium (Li) dendrite growth and dendrite-induced dead Li severely limit the development of Li metal batteries, 3D Cu current collectors can effectively alleviate these problems during Li plating/stripping. Herein, one-step galvanostatic electrodeposition method is employed to fabricate a new current collector on Cu foam decorated with large-scale and uniform 3D porous Cu-based nanoflake (NF) structures (abbreviated as 3D Cu NF@Cu foam). This 3D structure with large internal surface areas not only generates lithophilic surface copper oxides and hydroxides as charge centers and nucleation sites for Li insertion/extraction, but also endows abundant space with interlinked NFs for buffering the cell volume expansion and increasing battery performance. As a result, Li-deposited 3D Cu NF@Cu foam current collector can realize stable cycling over 455 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% at a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2, as well as a prolonged lifespan of >380 cycles in symmetrical cell without short-circuit, which are superior to those of blank Cu foam current collector. This work realizes Li metal anode stabilization by constructing 3D porous Cu NFs current collectors, which can advance the development of Li metal anode for battery industries.
A novel high performance photodetection based on axial NiO/β-Ga2O3 p-n junction heterostructure nanowires array
Authors: Pedapudi Michael Cholines , Dhar Jay Chandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Axial NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure (HS) nanowires (NWs) array was fabricated on Si substrate by catalytic free and controlled growth process called glancing angle deposition technique. The field emission scanning electron microscope image shows the formation of well aligned and vertical NWs. A typical high resolution transmission electron microscope image confirms the formation of axial HS NWs consisting of β-Ga2O3 NW at the top and NiO NW at the bottom with an overall length ∼213 nm. A large photo absorption and also photoemission was observed for axial NiO/β-Ga2O3 HS NW as compared to the NiO/β-Ga2O3 HS thin film sample. Moreover, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis prove that there are higher oxygen vacancies with no deviation in electronic state after the formation of axial HS NW. Also, a high performance photodetector (PD) with a very low dark current of 6.31 nA and fast photoresponse with rise time and fall time of 0.28 s and 0.17 s respectively at +4 V was achieved using the axial NiO/β-Ga2O3 HS NWs. The type-II HS p-n junction formation and efficient charge separation at the small wire axis also makes this design to operate in self-powered mode.
Ultrathin Ce-doped La2O3 nanofilm electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Yan Guangyuan , Wu Tong , Xing Shuming , Chen Fei , Zhao Biwei , Gao Wenjing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is still highly desired to develop efficient, resource-abundant and inexpensive electrocatalysts to improve the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical water splitting systems. In this work, the large-area ultrathin (2.52 nm thick) Ce-doped La2O3 nanofilms were developed via a facile and reliable ionic layer epitaxy method with different Ce content. The ultrathin Ce-doped La2O3 nanofilm with optimum composition of La1.22Ce0.78O3 exhibited an excellent OER performance with a very low overpotential of 221 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 33.7 mV dec−1. A remarkable high mass activity of 6263.2 A g−1 was also obtained from ultrathin La1.22Ce0.78O3 nanofilm at the overpotential of 221 mV. Such a high mass activity was three orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art commercial IrO2 powders (3.8 A g−1) and more than 30 times higher than La2O3 nanofilm (196.7 A g−1) without Ce doping at the same overpotential. This high mass activity was even significantly higher than other recently reported typical OER catalysts. The substantial OER performance gain by the Ce doping was attributed to the improved conductivity and electrochemical active surface areas of nanofilms as a result of favorable tuning on the charge transfer and electronic structures. This work provides a promising approach to develop high-performance two-dimensional (2D) electrocatalysts by effective heteroatom doping strategy.
A single-slit diffraction experiment for measuring laser beam width
Authors: Ratanavis Amarin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A single-slit diffraction experiment in an introductory physics laboratory is generally comprised of a rectangular slit and a laser source. The laser beam is sent to the slit producing the well-known diffraction pattern on the screen. This paper proposes a simple modification of the single-slit diffraction experiment to increase student attention about the laser beam and its diffraction. A single slit can be used to measure laser beam width. The beam width measurement is demonstrated by using a 632.8 nm Helium Neon (HeNe) laser. In this experiment, the laser beam is assumed as a Gaussian beam. The beam width is determined by scanning in one direction across the laser beam. The measurement results are shown to achieve satisfactory results when compared with a commercial laser beam profiler. By measuring the laser beam widths, students will qualitatively observe that the laser beam width increases along propagation distance. This experiment can be an additional exercise in a single-slit diffraction experiment.
MHD simulations of small ELMs at low triangularity in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Cathey A , Hoelzl M , Harrer G , Dunne M G , Huijsmans G T A , Lackner K , Pamela S J P , Wolfrum E , Günter S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The development of small and no-ELM regimes for ITER is a high priority topic due to the risks associated with type-I ELMs. By considering non-linear extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with the JOREK code, we probe a regime that avoids type-I ELMs completely, provided that the separatrix density is high enough. The dynamics of the pedestal in this regime are observed to be qualitatively similar to the so-called quasi-continuous exhaust regime in several ways. Repetitive type-I ELMs are substituted by roughly constant levels of outward transport, caused by peeling-ballooning modes (with dominant ballooning characteristics) which are localised in the last 5% of the confined region (in normalised poloidal flux). The simulated low triangularity plasma transitions to a type-I ELMy H-mode if the separatrix density is sufficiently reduced or if the input heating power is sufficiently increased. The stabilising factors that play a role in the suppression of the small ELMs are also investigated by analysing the simulations, and the importance of including diamagnetic effects in the simulations is highlighted. By considering a scan in the pedestal resistivity and by comparing the poloidal velocity of the modes to theoretical estimates for ideal and resistive modes, we identify the underlying instabilities as resistive peeling-ballooning modes. Decreasing the resistivity below experimentally-relevant conditions (i.e. going towards ideal MHD), the peeling-ballooning modes that constrain the pedestal below the type-I ELM stability boundary display sharply decreasing growth rates.
A 9 T SRAM cell with data-independent read bitline leakage and improved read sensing margin for low power applications
Authors: Sharif Adeeba , Ahmad Sayeed , Alam Naushad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Read decoupled SRAM cells were proposed to address the conflicting read and write requirements in conventional 6 T SRAM cells. However, even read decoupled SRAM cells face several challenges like degraded cell stability, data dependent read bitline (RBL) leakage, deteriorated RBL swing which causes the failure in read sensing at scaled voltages. Therefore, in this work, we propose a read decoupled 9 T SRAM cell which improves the read performance. The proposed cell utilizes decoupled read port that significantly improves the read delay, I
ON/I
OFF ratio, bitline leakage as compared to the existing read decoupled cells. The proposed read buffer, having only one transistor in the read path, offers much lower read delay as compared to the existing read buffers. The RBL leakage in the proposed design is also data independent, which significantly improves the RBL sensing margin. We analyse and compare the proposed SRAM cell with existing cells using HSPICE simulations with 16 nm FinFET PTM technology. We observe that at a voltage of V
DD = 0.35 V, the proposed SRAM cell offers ∼55% smaller read delay with only 8% increase in leakage power as compared to conventional 6 T cell. However, the proposed SRAM cell incurs smallest leakage penalty and offers fastest read operation than the existing read buffer based SRAM cells. Attributed to the negligible bitline leakage in the proposed cell, it offers the highest RBL sensing voltage attributed to closeness of RBL voltage for read ‘1’ to V
DD as compared with the other cells. Monte Carlo simulations are also carried out to confirm the robustness of the proposed design under process-voltage-temperature variations. We observe that the proposed SRAM cell is robust and supports voltage scaling and hence could be an attractive choice for low voltage and low power applications.
Prospects of temperature performance enhancement through higher resonant phonon transition designs in GaAs-based terahertz quantum-cascade lasers
Authors: Demić Aleksandar , Ikonić Zoran , Dean Paul , Indjin Dragan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work we discuss terahertz quantum cascade laser designs that employ resonant phonon mechanism to assist the lasing process. We investigate whether the higher energy separation would be more beneficial for high temperature performance than commonly used resonant value of 36 meV (in GaAs). We show that our density matrix model can be used for reliable cut-off temperature estimation and we present design improvement of several exemplary structures by enhancing their material gain to attain 10–50 K higher cut-off temperature.
Tackling the kaon structure function at EicC *
Authors: Xie Gang , Han Chengdong , Wang Rong , Chen Xurong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Measuring the kaon structure beyond proton and pion structures is a prominent topic in hadron physics, as it is one way to understand the nature of the Nambu-Goldstone boson of QCD and observe the interplay between the EHM and HB mechanisms for hadron mass generation. In this study, we present a simulation of the leading Λ baryon tagged deep inelastic scattering experiment at EicC (Electron-ion collider in China), which is engaged to unveil the internal structure of kaon via the Sullivan process. According to our simulation results, the suggested experiment will cover the kinematical domain of

and

up to 50 GeV

, with the acceptable statistical uncertainties. In the relatively low-

region (

GeV

), the Monte-Carlo simulation shows a good statistical precision (

%) for the measurement of the kaon structure function

. In the high-

region (up to 50 GeV

), the statistical uncertainty of

is also acceptable (

%) for the data at

. To perform such an experiment at an electron-ion collider, a high-performance zero-degree calorimeter is suggested. The magnitude of the background process and the assumed detector capabilities are also discussed and illustrated in the paper.
Label-free Raman and fluorescence imaging of amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue reveal carotenoid accumulations
Authors: Ettema Loes , Lochocki Benjamin , Hoozemans Jeroen J M , de Boer Johannes F , Ariese Freek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits (plaques) of amyloid-beta peptide and intracellular aggregates of phosphorylated tau. In general, these hallmarks are studied by techniques requiring chemical pre-treatment and indirect labeling. Imaging techniques that require no labeling and could be performed on tissue in its native form could contribute to a better understanding of the disease. In this article a combination of label-free and non-invasive techniques is presented to study the biomolecular composition of AD human brain tissue. We build on previous research that already revealed the autofluorescence property of plaque, and the presence of carotenoids in cored plaques. Here, we present further results on cored plaques: showing blue and green autofluorescence emission coming from the same plaque location. Raman microscopy was used to confirm the presence of carotenoids in the plaque areas, with clear peaks around 1150 and 1514 cm−1. Carotenoid reference spectra were recorded in hexane solution, but also adsorbed on aggregated Aβ42 peptides; the latter agreed better with the Raman spectra observed in plaques. From the six single carotenoids measured, lycopene matched closest with the peak positions observed in the cored plaques. Lastly, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy measurements were performed, targeting the shift of the beta-sheet Amide I peak observed in plaques. Employing SRS in the C–H stretch region we also looked for the presence of a lipid halo around plaque, as reported in the literature for transgenic AD mice, but such a halo was not observed in these human AD brain samples.
Inverse iteration quantum eigensolvers assisted with a continuous variable
Authors: He Min-Quan , Zhang Dan-Bo , Wang Z D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The capacity for solving eigenstates with a quantum computer is key for ultimately simulating physical systems. Here we propose inverse iteration quantum eigensolvers, which exploit the power of quantum computing for the classical inverse power iteration method. A key ingredient is constructing an inverse Hamiltonian as a linear combination of coherent Hamiltonian evolution. We first consider a continuous-variable quantum mode (qumode) for realizing such a linear combination as an integral, with weights being encoded into a qumode resource state. We demonstrate the quantum algorithm with numerical simulations under finite squeezing for various physical systems, including molecules and quantum many-body models. We also discuss a hybrid quantum–classical algorithm that directly sums up Hamiltonian evolution with different durations for comparison. It is revealed that continuous-variable resources are valuable for reducing the coherent evolution time of Hamiltonians in quantum algorithms.
Microanatomical study of pyramidal neurons in the contralesional somatosensory cortex after experimental ischemic stroke
Authors: Merino-Serrais Paula , Plaza-Alonso Sergio , Hellal Farida , Valero-Freitag Susana , Kastanauskaite Asta , Muñoz Alberto , Plesnila Nikolaus , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt present, many studies support the notion that after stroke, remote regions connected to the infarcted area are also affected and may contribute to functional outcome. In the present study, we have analyzed possible microanatomical alterations in pyramidal neurons from the contralesional hemisphere after induced stroke. We performed intracellular injections of Lucifer yellow in pyramidal neurons from layer III in the somatosensory cortex of the contralesional hemisphere in an ischemic stroke mouse model. A detailed 3-dimensional analysis of the neuronal complexity and morphological alterations of dendritic spines was then performed. Our results demonstrate that pyramidal neurons from layer III in the somatosensory cortex of the contralesional hemisphere show selective changes in their dendritic arbors, namely, less dendritic complexity of the apical dendritic arbor—but no changes in the basal dendritic arbor. In addition, we found differences in spine morphology in both apical and basal dendrites comparing the contralesional hemisphere with the lesional hemisphere. Our results show that pyramidal neurons of remote areas connected to the infarct zone exhibit a series of selective changes in neuronal complexity and morphological distribution of dendritic spines, supporting the hypothesis that remote regions connected to the peri-infarcted area are also affected after stroke.
The neural correlates of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a multimodal resting-state MEG and fMRI–EEG study
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Liu Dong-Qiang , Qian Shufang , Qu Xiujuan , Zhang Peiwen , Ding Nai , Zang Yu-Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) describes the regional intensity of spontaneous blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). How the fMRI–ALFF relates to the amplitude in electrophysiological signals remains unclear. We here aimed to investigate the neural correlates of fMRI–ALFF by comparing the spatial difference of amplitude between the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) states from fMRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG), respectively. By synthesizing MEG signal into amplitude-based envelope time course, we first investigated 2 types of amplitude in MEG, meaning the amplitude of neural activities from delta to gamma (i.e. MEG–amplitude) and the amplitude of their low-frequency modulation at the fMRI range (i.e. MEG–ALFF). We observed that the MEG–ALFF in EC was increased at parietal sensors, ranging from alpha to beta; whereas the MEG–amplitude in EC was increased at the occipital sensors in alpha. Source-level analysis revealed that the increased MEG–ALFF in the sensorimotor cortex overlapped with the most reliable EC–EO differences observed in fMRI at slow-3 (0.073–0.198 Hz), and these differences were more significant after global mean standardization. Taken together, our results support that (i) the amplitude at 2 timescales in MEG reflect distinct physiological information and that (ii) the fMRI–ALFF may relate to the ALFF in neural activity.
Bacterial microbiomes from mucus and breath of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Rhodes Linda D , Emmons Candice K , Wisswaesser GabrielS , Wells Abigail H , Hanson M Bradley 
Published: March 2022

Opportunities to assess odontocete health are restricted due to their limited time at the surface, relatively quick movements and large geographic ranges. For endangered populations such as the southern resident killer whales (SKRWs) of the northeast Pacific Ocean, taking advantage of non-invasive samples such as expelled mucus and exhaled breath is appealing. Over the past 12 years, such samples were collected, providing a chance to analyse and assess their bacterial microbiomes using amplicon sequencing. Based on operational taxonomic units, microbiome communities from SRKW and transient killer whales showed little overlap between mucus, breath and seawater from SRKW habitats and six bacterial phyla were prominent in expelled mucus but not in seawater. Mollicutes and Fusobacteria were common and abundant in mucus, but not in breath or seawater, suggesting these bacterial classes may be normal constituents of the SRKW microbiome. Out of 134 bacterial families detected, 24 were unique to breath and mucus, including higher abundances of Burkholderiaceae, Moraxellaceae and Chitinophagaceae. Although there were multiple bacterial genera in breath or mucus that include pathogenic species (e.g. Campylobacter, Hemophilus, Treponema), the presence of these bacteria is not necessarily evidence of disease or infection. Future emphasis on genotyping mucus samples to the individual animal will allow further assessment in the context of that animal’s history, including body condition index and prior contaminants burden. This study is the first to examine expelled mucus from cetaceans for microbiomes and demonstrates the value of analysing these types of non-invasive samples.