bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the oral beta blocker bisoprolol to reduce the rate of exacerbation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised controlled trial (BICS)
Authors: Cotton Seonaidh , Devereux Graham , Abbas Hassan , Briggs Andrew , Campbell Karen , Chaudhuri Rekha , Choudhury Gourab , Dawson Dana , De Soyza Anthony , Fielding Shona , Gompertz Simon , Haughney John , Lang Chim C. , Lee Amanda J. , MacLennan Graeme , MacNee William , McCormack Kirsty , McMeekin Nicola , Mills Nicholas L. , Morice Alyn , Norrie John , Petrie Mark C. , Price David , Short Philip , Vestbo Jorgen , Walker Paul , Wedzicha Jadwiga , Wilson Andrew , Lipworth Brian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Beta blockers are well-established drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular conditions. Observational studies consistently report that beta blocker use in people with COPD is associated with a reduced risk of COPD exacerbations. The bisoprolol in COPD study (BICS) investigates whether adding bisoprolol to routine COPD treatment has clinical and cost-effective benefits. A sub-study will risk stratify participants for heart failure to investigate whether any beneficial effect of bisoprolol is restricted to those with unrecognised heart disease.

Methods
BICS is a pragmatic randomised parallel group double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in UK primary and secondary care sites. The major inclusion criteria are an established predominant respiratory diagnosis of COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1 < 80% predicted, FEV1/FVC < 0.7), a self-reported history of ≥ 2 exacerbations requiring treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids in a 12-month period since March 2019, age ≥ 40 years and a smoking history ≥ 10 pack years. A computerised randomisation system will allocate 1574 participants with equal probability to intervention or control groups, stratified by centre and recruitment in primary/secondary care. The intervention is bisoprolol (1.25 mg tablets) or identical placebo. The dose of bisoprolol/placebo is titrated up to a maximum of 4 tablets a day (5 mg bisoprolol) over 4–7 weeks depending on tolerance to up-dosing of bisoprolol/placebo—these titration assessments are completed by telephone or video call. Participants complete the remainder of the 52-week treatment period on the final titrated dose (1, 2, 3, 4 tablets) and during that time are followed up at 26 and 52 weeks by telephone or video call. The primary outcome is the total number of participant reported COPD exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics during the 52-week treatment period. A sub-study will risk stratify participants for heart failure by echocardiography and measurement of blood biomarkers.

Discussion
The demonstration that bisoprolol reduces the incidence of exacerbations would be relevant not only to patients and clinicians but also to healthcare providers, in the UK and globally.

Trial registration
Current controlled trials ISRCTN10497306. Registered on 16 August 2018
An open-label clinical trial of oral transmucosal haloperidol and oral transmucosal olanzapine in the treatment of terminal delirium at home
Authors: Lyu Xiao-Juan , Kan Adrian David , Chong Poh-Heng , Lin Keegan , Koh Yung-Hua , Yeo Zhi-Zheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The phenomenon of restlessness, agitation, or cognitive disturbances experienced by dying patients is well-known in palliative care; more than half of these patients will experience delirium symptoms at end-of-life. When not identified early and effectively managed, delirium symptoms could lead to caregiver and patient distress and harm.

Methods
Eighty patients with a prognosis of 7 days or less will be recruited for an open-label randomised control trial. The two arms compare oral-transmucosal haloperidol 2.5 mg vs olanzapine 5 mg over 72 h. The severity of agitation, delirium and toxicities of treatments will be compared at the 24th, 48th and 72nd hour after drug administration.

Discussion
This trial is the first to compare anti-psychotics in the management of delirium at the dying stage in the home hospice setting using the oral transmucosal route. Ethical considerations, as well as recruitment procedures, are discussed.

Trial registration
This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov – identifier NCT04750395
The association between the clinical severity of heart failure and docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akita Keitaro , Kikushima Kenji , Ikoma Takenori , Islam Ariful , Sato Tomohito , Yamamoto Taisei , Kahyo Tomoaki , Setou Mitsutoshi , Maekawa Yuichiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic disease with diverse morphology, symptoms, and prognosis. Hypertrophied myocardium metabolism has not been explored in detail. We assessed the association between myocardium lipid metabolism and clinical severity of heart failure (HF) in HCM using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS).

Results
We studied 16 endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens from patients with HCM. Analysis was conducted using desorption electrospray ionization IMS. The samples were assigned into two cohorts according to the period of heart biopsy (cohort 1, n = 9 and cohort 2, n = 7). In each cohort, samples were divided into two groups according to the clinical severity of HF in HCM: clinically severe and clinically mild groups. Signals showing a significant difference between the two groups were analyzed by volcano plot. In cohort 1, the volcano plot identified four signals; the intensity in the clinically severe group was more than twice that of the mild group. Out of the four signals, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) showed significant differences in intensity between the two groups in cohort 2 (10,575.8 ± 2750.3 vs. 19,839.3 ± 4803.2, P = 0.025). The intensity of DHA was significantly higher in EMB samples from the clinically severe HCM group than in those from the mild group.
Complete genome sequence of Himetobi P strain Sh.Moghaddam, isolated from the Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper)
Authors: Rezapanah Mohammad Reza , Ziafati Kafi Zahra , Ashrafi Tamai Iradj , Sadri Naser , Hojabr Rajeoni Ali , Jamiri Fahimeh , GhalyanchiLangeroudi Arash 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Himetobi P virus (HiPV) is an insect virus belonging to the genus Cripavirus in the Dicistroviridae family within the Picornavirales order. Himetobi P strain. Sh.Moghaddam is the first study reported, was isolated from the Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper) of an internal chicken organ in Iran.

Data description
Genomic analysis showed a nucleotide identity of 93.16% with the family Dicistroviridae, genus Triatovirus, and species Himetobi P. The genome assembly comprised 9227 bp, with a 38.8% GC content. Annotation of the genome showed 2 ORF, a total of 2 genes: including 2 coding sequences (CDs) (total) and 8 Miss features. Thus, the whole-genome sequence presented in this study serves as a platform for detecting new genes that may contribute to the pathogenicity of the Himetobi P strain. Sh.Moghaddam.
The partial µ-opioid agonist buprenorphine in autism spectrum disorder: a case report
Authors: Skoglund Charlotte , Leknes Siri , Heilig Markus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There are currently no approved medications for impaired social cognition and function, core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. We describe marked improvement of these symptoms with long-term low-dose administration of the partial µ-opioid agonist buprenorphine. We discuss these observations in the context of a role for endogenous opioid systems in social attachment, and theories integrating those findings mechanistically with autism spectrum disorder.

Case presentation
M, a 43-year-old Caucasian male, is medically healthy. Despite social difficulties since childhood, he completed high school with better-than-average grades, but failed university education. A psychiatric evaluation in his twenties diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but also noted symptoms of coexisting autism spectrum disorder. M accidentally came across buprenorphine in his late twenties and experienced progressively improved social functioning on a low daily dosage (0.5–1.0 mg/day), an effect maintained for 15 years. He lived independently and maintained a part-time occupation. After abrupt discontinuation of treatment, his autistic symptoms returned, and function deteriorated. Following evaluation by our team, buprenorphine was resumed, with gradual return to prior level of functioning. An attempt to formally evaluate M both on and off medication was agreed with him and approved by the Swedish Ethics Authority, but medication had to be resumed when the patient worsened following discontinuation.

Conclusions
According to the µ-opioid receptor balance model, both excessive and deficient μ-receptor activity may negatively influence social behavior, and accordingly both opioid agonist and opioid antagonist treatment may be able to improve social functioning, depending on an individual’s opioid tone before treatment. Our case report is consistent with these hypotheses, and given the extensive unmet medical needs in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, randomized controlled trial appears warranted.
Some results of neutrosophic normed space VIA Tribonacci convergent sequence spaces
Authors: Khan Vakeel A. , Arshad Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Daud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concept of Tribonacci sequence spaces by the domain of a regular Tribonacci matrix was introduced by Yaying and Hazarika (Math. Slovaca 70(3):697–706, 2000). In this paper, by using the domain of regular Tribonacci matrix$T = (t _{ik} )$T=(tik)and the concept of neutrosophic convergence, we introduce some neutrosophic normed space in Tribonacci convergent spaces and prove some topological and algebraic properties based results with respect to these spaces.
Prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries: a secondary analysis of the 2013-2018 global youth tobacco surveys
Authors: James Peter Bai , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Kabba John Alimamy , Kassim Said Abasse , Dalinjong Philip Ayizem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur study examined the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco product use and non-users’ susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries.MethodsWe analyzed the cross-sectional 2013-2018 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 22 African countries. We conducted complex sampling descriptive and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current use of any tobacco product among adolescents was 19.1%, with more males (23.7%) than females (13.7%) being current users. Zimbabwe and Morocco were the highest (47.1%) and least (12.6%) reported prevalence, respectively. Being male (AOR = 1.93;95%CI:1.61-2.32), being 16 and older(AOR = 1.37;95%CI:1.01-1.86), exposure to secondhand smoke within (AOR = 1.98;95%CI:1.69-2.32) and outside (AOR = 1.37;95%CI:1.13-1.65) the home, not knowledgeable about the harmful effect of secondhand smoke (AOR = 1.44;95%CI:1.20-1.74), exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR = 3.05;95%CI:2.68-3.47) and not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR = 1.32;95%CI:1.08-1.60) were associated with current use of any tobacco product.The prevalence of the susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users of tobacco products was 12.2%, with no significant gender difference. Mozambique (24.6%) and Algeria (4.5%) had the highest and least prevalence of susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users, respectively. Exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR = 1.54;95%CI:1.31-1.82), those not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR = 1.29;95%CI:1.14-1.45) and those not exposed to anti-smoking school education (AOR = 1.24;95%CI:1.06-1.46) were associated with susceptibility to using any tobacco product among never users of tobacco products.ConclusionOur study reports that tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in the 22 African countries is high. As part of public health efforts, governments and other stakeholders need to fully implement anti-tobacco use campaigns, enforce a complete ban on tobacco promotion and advertising, institute educational programs for families, and anti-tobacco use education for the general public and in schools in line with WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control guidelines.
Ruminal bacteria lipopolysaccharides: an immunological and microbial outlook
Authors: Sarmikasoglou E. , Faciola A. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria made of three regions: the O-antigen; the core oligosaccharide; and a glucosamine disaccharide linked to hydroxy fatty acids, which is named lipid A. The number phosphate groups, and hydroxy fatty acid chains is associated with the immunopotency and the immunomodulatory activity of LPS, where six-acyl chain lipid A with two phosphate groups is found in virulent strains and five- or four-acyl chain lipid A with one phosphate group are found in non-virulent bacteria strains. Ruminal bacteria are predominantly Gram-negative and their LPS have not been thoroughly investigated. In the rumen, LPS is comprised of mixed ruminal LPS. Drawing upon a body of theoretical and applied work, this paper aims to critically review the scientific literature regarding single-species and mixed ruminal bacteria LPS, highlighting the importance of ruminal LPS to the host. Lastly, future research directions are suggested in order to further our understanding of the roles of LPS in the rumen. Possible suggestions for further understanding ruminal LPS include (1) in silico evaluation of major bacteria contributing to ruminal LPS, (2) structural characterization of LPS from prominent ruminal bacteria species, such as ruminal selenomonads and Megasphaera elsdenii, and, (3) ruminal epithelial tissue immune response evaluation from single-species and mixed ruminal LPS. In conclusion, this review identifies numerous areas for future research, including setting the basis for future modeling and simulation of host microbiome interactions in ruminants.
Pulmonary valve myxoma requiring pulmonary valve replacement: a case report
Authors: Tanabe Sawaka , Yano Keita , Mizunaga Tae , Kawamura Yuko , Takamori Atsushi , Yamada Narihisa , Morioka Koichi , Koshiji Takaaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Most cardiac myxomas occur in the atria. Myxomas arising from the heart valves are rare, and there are only a few reports of myxomas arising from the pulmonary valve. Complete resection and prevention of embolization at the time of the first surgery are important to prevent the recurrence of myxomas.

Case presentation
An 82-year-old female was scheduled to undergo surgery for a fracture of the right femoral neck. The preoperative echocardiography showed a mass in the right ventricular outflow tract. The mass was 36 × 30 mm in size and entered into the pulmonary artery during systole. Cardiac synchronous computed tomography showed a stalked bifurcated mass near the pulmonary valve, which was suspected to be a myxoma. Surgical findings showed a lumen-occupying tumor when the main pulmonary artery was incised. Since the tumor was a single mass with a stalk on the pulmonary valve (right and left pulmonary valve cusps), tumor resection and pulmonary valve replacement (bioprosthetic valve) were performed. A right prosthetic femoral head insertion was performed on postoperative day 36, and the patient was transferred to the hospital on postoperative day 44. However, 1 year later, the patient developed a large myxoma (recurrence) that completely occluded the right pulmonary artery and died of right heart failure.

Conclusions
We report the case of a patient with a very rare myxoma arising from the pulmonary valve, which was treated with tumor resection and pulmonary valve replacement surgery; however, the patient developed another myxoma 12 months later and this tumor was larger than the primary tumor. The surgical margins were indistinct, and there was a high possibility of residual tumor in the pulmonary artery wall; hence, an extended resection should have been considered. The recurrence of myxoma, in this case, suggests that it is important to completely resect the primary tumor during the first surgery and to prevent intraoperative embolization.
Traffic simulation of continuous flow intersection with displaced left-turn: a case study
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToday, our community is facing a growing numbers of transportation challenges, as traffic grows and congestion worsens for signalized intersections. Based on that its needed balances solutions that improve safety and keep mobility for users with minimum travel time. The objective of this research is to investigate the implementation of continuous flow intersection with displaced left turn with developed simulation traffic model by VISSIM program to evaluate the traffic operation impacts of displaced left turn on performance of signalized intersection in terms of vehicle delay, length of queue, and stopped delay. This research studied congested signalized intersections in Baghdad City. An innovative solution of continuous flow intersection with displaced left turn was implemented to alleviate congestion and high vehicle delay.The displaced left turn DLT reduced the average vehicle delay about 44% and improved the deterioration level of service from (F) to better level of service (D) for north and south approaches which represented the most congested legs of intersection during the peak period. The results of stopped delay for DLT intersection with developed signal timing were lowest than the conventional intersection by about 51% and 34% for south and north approaches respectively. This implies that DLT intersection reduced the extra stops of vehicle and improved the overall efficiency of signalized intersection. The reduction in the queue length ranged from 47.5 to 42%; otherwise conventional intersection showed long queue length and higher vehicle delay. Therefore, regarding queue length, DLT intersection with developed signal timings strategy had better performance for traffic operation than conventional intersection.
Perioperative hypotension: causes and remedies
Authors: Guarracino Fabio , Bertini Pietro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Arterial hypotension is common in patients during surgery and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) postoperatively. Perioperative arterial hypotension reportedly significantly affects surgical patients’ outcomes. Blood pressure level is the most crucial factor that influences organ perfusion. Hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction are correlated based on their severity associated with hypotension. As several factors can cause intraoperative hypotension, anesthetists must promptly identify the etiology for appropriate treatment and revert the patient’s hemodynamic profile.

Objectives
This review discusses the concept of perioperative hypotension, identifies its effects in clinical situations, and provides remedies and techniques to predict and avoid its significant consequences.

Conclusions
The primary determinant of organ perfusion is blood pressure. On the other hand, profound hypotension is common in surgical patients and is connected to hypoperfusion and organ failure. Currently, hypotension is addressed once low blood pressure levels are recorded. Early detection of oncoming hypotension or its clinical prediction is of paramount importance in allowing the clinician to treat hypotension and reduce the incidence and length of hypotensive episodes promptly and aggressively.
Regioselective Functionalization of Nitrogen-Embedded Perylene Diimides for High-Performance Organic Electron-Transporting Materials
Authors: Kumagai Shohei , Koguma Takeru , Annaka Tatsuro , Sawabe Chizuru , Tani Yukio , Sugiura Hiroki , Watanabe Tetsuya , Hashizume Daisuke , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Functionalization of π-conjugated compounds is an important strategy to tune electronic states and aggregated structures, leading to development of high-performance organic optoelectronic materials ranging from small molecules to conjugated polymers. Regioselective functionalization can be particularly striking for highly ordered aggregated structures, which is crucial for excellent carrier-transport properties. Herein, we report the regioselective dibromination of the bay position of a nitrogen-embedded perylene diimide analogue, benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI), via palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation directed by the embedded nitrogen, followed by dicyanation. The dicyanated compound showed a remarkably deep lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital and redox stability, which were useful for air-stable n-channel transistors exhibiting the electron mobility of 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, the embedded nitrogen atoms play a significant role in making the bay functionalized π-core planar, which promises advantages for future development of not only small-molecular compounds but also conjugated polymers as high-performance organic electron-transporting materials.
Coordination Amphiphile: Design of Planar-Coordinated Platinum Complexes for Monolayer Formation at an Air-Water Interface Based on Ligand Characteristics and Molecular Topology
Authors: Adachi Junya , Naito Masaya , Sugiura Sho , Le Ngoc Ha-Thu , Nishimura Shoma , Huang Shufang , Suzuki Shuichi , Kawamorita Soichiro , Komiya Naruyoshi , Hill Jonathan P , Ariga Katsuhiko , Naota Takeshi , Mori Taizo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We aim to establish the importance of molecular design for the formation of monolayers at an air-water interface within the concept “coordination amphiphile”, which is based on ligand characteristics and molecular topology. For this purpose, five types of platinum complexes containing a coordination plane, including salicylaldiminato (SA) and β-(iminomethyl)azolato (IA) complexes, were prepared where the ligand characteristics were controlled. Polymethylene-vaulted and non-vaulted complexes were then examined to assess the effects of molecular topology on interfacial activity. SA complexes tend to undergo random aggregation at an air-water interface, while the weak hydrophilicity of SA can assist in the formation of a stable monolayer if hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains are introduced to the structure. In contrast, IA complexes exhibit topological specificity; imidazolato and pyrazolato complexes form monolayers only for non-vaulted and vaulted complex, respectively. Molecular modelling and association constants of the compounds suggest that an appropriate hydrophilicity of the coordination plane and intermolecular interactions involving hydrogen bonding are important factors for monolayer formation.