bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of posterior default mode network‐medial temporal lobe connectivity in mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Mah Linda , Murari Geetanjali , Vandermorris Susan , Chen Jean , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul L.G. , Herrmann Nathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) show alterations in functional connectivity of the posterior default mode network (DMN), but both increases and decreases have been reported, suggesting that changes in connectivity may be nonlinear across the AD spectrum. Alternatively, the variable findings may be attributable to heterogeneity within SCD samples. Specifically, studies of SCD exclude individuals with current depression, but history of past remitted depression is not typically ascertained. This is problematic because emerging evidence suggests that state‐independent aberrations in neural networks, including within posterior DMN, persist following recovery from depression. In the current study, we compared posterior DMN connectivity using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) amongst SCD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults free of current or remitted depression.MethodParticipants were 58 older adults who were screened via psychiatric/medical assessment for current or past history of depression and neurological conditions, and consisted of 21 SCD [12F, mean age 70.6(SD5.5)] defined as perception of memory decline with concern or worry and normal neuropsychological (NP) test scores, 12 MCI [4F, mean age 73(SD6.8)] defined as subjective cognitive complaints with functional independence and impaired performance on >=2 NP tests, and 25 CU [15F, mean age 71.8(SD7.2)] based on normal NP scores and absence of subjective memory decline with worry. Rs‐fMRI was acquired using gradient‐echo EPI BOLD at 3T and processed using CONN toolbox. Seed analysis using a posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed (x=‐6, y=‐52, z=40) was performed. Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were target regions‐of‐interest. Multivariate ANOVA was used to examine group differences in PCC connectivity followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunnett’s test.ResultGroups differed in PCC connectivity with the right hippocampus [F(2, 55)=3.74, P=.03] and left posterior parahippocampal gyrus [F(2, 55)=3.35, P=.042]. Relative to CU, PCC‐right hippocampal connectivity was reduced in MCI (P=.028), while PCC‐left parahippocampal connectivity was found in SCD (P=.024).ConclusionDisruptions in posterior DMN connectivity were observed in SCD and MCI that were not attributable to current or remitted depression. The distinct patterns of posterior DMN disruption are consistent with putative non‐linear changes in neural network connectivity with AD progression.
Cognitive function and neuroimaging correlates in a subjective cognitive decline population within a multimodal intervention supplemented with green tea extract (PENSA Study): Preliminary results of a voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Lorenzo Thais , Operto Greg , Falcon Carles , Cuenca Aida , Forcano Laura , Piera Iris , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Soldevila‐Domenech Natalia , Boronat Anna , Knezevic Iva , Fauria Karine , Molinuevo Jose , Gispert Juan Domingo , de la Torre Rafael ,   PENSA Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMulticomponent interventions including diet, physical activity and cognitive training have shown great potential to prevent cognitive decline in individuals at risk of developing the clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The PENSA study is a clinical trial focused on the prevention of cognitive decline in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) who are also APOE ε4 carriers. It is based on a 12‐month multimodal intervention (nutritional, physical and cognitive) combined with epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a natural flavanol and known synaptic plasticity booster. In this study, we sought for neuroimaging correlates of cognitive performance of the PENSA participants at baseline.MethodTwenty‐five (N=25) SCD participants of the PENSA Study at baseline (Table 1) with valid T1w and T2w MRI scans were included. They also underwent a neuropsychological assessment battery consisting of the modified Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (ADCS‐PACC‐like) and additional cognitive performance scores obtained from (i) semantic verbal fluency, (ii) Boston Naming Test, (iii) digit span subtest, (iv) visual puzzle subtest and (v) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In addition, measurements of mental health, functionality, quality of sleep and quality of life perception have been assessed. T1w and T2w MRI scans were used to perform a multimodal segmentation of grey matter volumes (GMv) entered in the SPM12 voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) pipeline. Associations between test scores and GMv were sought (p<0.001) including age, sex, education and total intracranial volume as confounders.ResultA negative correlation was found between the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) performance and GMv in the left anterior cingulate gyrus, left medial temporal lobe, right and middle temporal gyrus and left medial orbital gyrus (Figure 1). The rest of comparisons did not survive the statistical significance threshold.ConclusionPreliminary results show the expected pattern of negative associations between GMv and episodic memory performance, therefore suggesting that the PENSA study is recruiting the intended population of SCD individuals at risk of developing clinical stages of AD who could benefit from multimodal preventive interventions.
Decision‐tree–testing cognition‐MRI associations to define and differentiate cognitive reserve and brain maintenance
Authors: Vaqué‐Alcázar Lídia , Cabello‐Toscano María R. , Gorbach Tetiana , Abellaneda‐Pérez Kilian , Solé‐Padullés Cristina , Mowinckel Athanasia M. , Stiernstedt Mikael , Macià Dídac , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Walhovd Kristine B. , Fjell Anders M. , Nyberg Lars , Bartres‐Faz David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) and brain maintenance (BM) represent heuristic concepts defining general mechanisms that may underlie successful cognition in advanced age. However, a robust differentiation of both models employing a unified approach is lacking. Within the framework of a recent NIH‐funded study (R24‐AG061421) from the Reserve & Resilience collaborative network (https://reserveandresilience.com/) we have proposed an iterative process (Figure 1) to help operationalizing and testing BM and CR definitions using longitudinal episodic memory (EM) and MRI (structural and functional) longitudinal assessments. The current study presents findings after analyzing data according to the first step of the proposed pipeline (Figure 1.1).MethodWe analyzed longitudinal (2‐3 observations) MRI‐derived hippocampal (HC) volumes calculated with FreeSurfer 6.0 (https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) and EM from 356 individuals (age range: 60‐85 years at baseline, 56.2% female) from three different cohorts comprised within the European Lifebrain (https://www.lifebrain.uio.no/) consortia. To define EM, we used the mean of scaled visual and verbal memory tests scores. All the analytical procedures have been recently described (Gorbach et al., Alzheimers Dement. 2020;28;12(1):e12110).ResultAccording to the interarrival process step 1, we identified two groups: (i) BM pathway 1 (N = 99) in the first quadrant (positive change in EM and HC) and (ii) ‘deviant cases’ (N = 74) in the fourth quadrant (those with marked HC atrophy but stable EM, see Figure 2). There were no differences regarding education and mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores between the groups identified.ConclusionThe analysis of the associations between progressive EM and HC volume changes allowed us to initially differentiate a group of individuals with greater correspondence between the two measures across time (i.e., supporting the concept of BM) versus those where memory stability appears to progressively be decoupled from HC integrity (i.e., suggesting evidence of reserve/compensatory processes). Despite initial comparisons for education and global cognitive function did not reveal differences, further analyses including lifestyle engagement and functional MRI data information shall provide useful information towards a more precise characterization of CR and BM concepts.
CSF polygenic risk AD biomarkers predict brain amyloid and free recall
Authors: Kennedy Gabriel , Moore Annah M. , Mahoney Emily R. , Dumitrescu Logan , Sperling Reisa A. , Deming Yuetiva , Cruchaga Carlos , Hohman Timothy J. , Mormino Elizabeth C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of aggregate measures of genetic risk such as polygenic risk scores (PRS) during the decades prior to actual disease onset of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) remains unclear and may allow implementation of early risk trials.MethodA sample of 3006 non‐Hispanic White cognitively healthy participants (Table 1) were selected from the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s (A4) study. Variants were imputed on the TOPMed Imputation Server before entering the PRS calculation pipeline and variants within 1000k base pairs of the APOE locus were removed (chr19:43905796‐45909395). Published GWAS summary statistics (n=3,146) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β42, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181) and total tau (t‐tau) were used to derive PRS. A primary p‐value threshold of 0.01 was chosen after testing the fit of various thresholds (0.01, 0.001, 5e‐8/”GWAS‐sig”). A secondary SNP significance threshold of 0.5 was used for clumped variants calculated with LD clumping (r=0.25, 200kbp). Multiple regression models were used to examine the PRS association with continuous and dichotomous florbetapir amyloid PET and average free recall from the FCSRT, using age, sex, education, and APOE dosage (e4, e2, coded from 0 to 2 by allele presence) as covariates. P‐values from the main models were corrected for multiple comparisons with the Benjamini‐Hochberg false discovery rate.ResultPolygenic risk of CSF‐Aβ42, p‐tau181, and t‐tau were associated with continuous amyloid burden (p=.008/2.7e‐4/.008) and Aβ42 and p‐tau181 were additionally associated with dichotomous amyloid (p=.023/011) (Table 2) in the expected direction. Each PRS had a significant relationship with free recall (p= .002/.03/.02). After adjusting for amyloid PET, the effects of CSF‐Aβ42 and t‐tau remain for free recall (p=9.8e‐4/.025) (Table 3). Analyses stratified by APOE status revealed stronger associations between polygenic risk and amyloid PET among APOE4+ individuals, whereas stronger associations between polygenic risk and free recall was present among APOE4‐ individuals (Table 4).ConclusionAmong preclinical participants, aggregate genetic risk for CSF‐Aβ42, p‐tau181 and t‐tau associated with brain amyloid burden and cognition. Genetic risk testing of CSF biomarkers in non‐AD participants may provide strengthened predictions that associate with potential AD health outcomes independently of APOE.
Determinants of physical and mental health among LGBT older adult caregivers
Authors: Emlet Charles A , Jung Hailey , Kim Hyun‐Jun , La Fazia David M , Fredriksen‐Goldsen Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers experience chronic stress that can negatively affect their health, resulting in lower quality of life. This study aims to understand the physical and mental health of caregivers by examining modifiable risk and protective factors. Life experiences of LGBT older adults are considered.MethodIn the longitudinal study, Aging with Pride: National Health Aging, Sexuality/Gender Study, approximately one third (31%, n=754) of LGBT older adults (50+ years) provide care: 38% to partner/spouse, 29% friends, 20% other relatives, and 8% ex‐partner/ex‐spouse. Linear regression models examined the effects of risk and protective factors at T0 on health outcomes at T2.ResultMastery, physical activity, and nutrition predicted better physical functioning, lower mental distress, and higher health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Social participation and support, community engagement, and lower identity stigma predicted better mental health. Microaggressions predicted lower physical HRQOL.ConclusionInterventions enhancing protective factors may promote physical and mental health of LGBT caregivers.
Longitudinal investigation for enhancing Down Syndrome Research (LIFE‐DSR) Study: Tau PET and CSF sub‐studies
Authors: Hendrix James A. , Britton Angela , Christian Bradley T. , Ledesma Duvia Lara , Egan Michael F. , Feldman Howard , Hendrix Suzanne B. , Herring W. Joseph , Kennedy Matthew E. , Nicodemus‐Johnson Jessie , Revta Carolyn , Struyk Arie , Sur Cyrille , Mobley William C. ,   LuMind IDSC Down Syndrome Clinical Trial Network (DS‐CTN) Investigators
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Down syndrome (DS) population is aging rapidly with a life expectancy of nearly 60 years of age compared to 25 years of age in 1980. There are approximately 210,000 people with DS in the USA and about 85,000 are >30 years of age.1 With longevity comes a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The lifetime risk of AD is estimated to be >90% ,2 and is the leading cause of death for adults with DS.3 Symptoms of DS associated AD (DS‐AD) appear at approximately 45 to 55 years of age with early biomarker changes occurring a decade or more earlier at about 35 years of age.4 Recent fluid biomarker and amyloid imaging data show that AD pathogenesis in individuals with DS are similar to AD biomarkers in individuals with late‐onset AD.5 Published data using the tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent flortaucipir provide data on tau accumulation in DS‐AD that correlates with amyloid burden6 and cognitive decline7
.
MethodThe LIFE‐DSR study is a multi‐center natural history study recruiting 270 adults with DS. Participants, age 25 or older, are followed at 16‐month intervals over 32‐months. Data collected includes cognitive, behavioral, and functional from a range of common developmental disability assessment tools. Plasma and buffy coat samples are banked for prospective molecular and genetic analyses.ResultTwo longitudinal sub‐studies will be added to the LIFE‐DSR protocol. First is a tau PET sub‐study using the tracer 18F‐MK‐6240. Second is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers sub‐study. Both sub‐studies will enroll 30 LIFE‐DSR participants with similar demographics (age >= 35 years), collecting data twice every 16 months. Data from the tau PET and CSF sub‐studies will be compared with the clinical and fluid biomarker data collected under the LIFE‐DSR protocol.ConclusionInclusion of PET and CSF sub‐studies will enrich the LIFE‐DSR study and improve our ability to understand and assess clinical features, imaging, and genetic markers of DS‐AD progression and provide a basis for the development of endpoints for clinical trials to potentially develop more effective treatments. This is the first use of the next generation PET tau radiotracer,18F‐MK‐6240 in DS.
From patients to creators: Exploring creativity in life with dementia
Authors: Li Bingyu , Yan Hang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCreativity is a fundamental part of life and is crucial for successful and healthy aging. However, whether and how creativity is sustained in life with dementia is less explored.MethodBased on a community‐based participatory research project, this study evaluated the forms, intensity, frequency and influence of creativity expressed by older adults with dementia (n=18) during the Play Intervention for Dementia through video analysis. Direct coding and thematic analysis were integrated to build a conceptual framework of creativity in life with dementia.ResultIt was found that although the big‐c creativity, the capacity of transferring a certain domain or solving important problems, was lost, older adults with dementia still maintained a certain level of everyday creativity, especially in a supportive environment where caregivers intentionally co‐construct such capacity with them. A comprehensive framework of creativity in life with dementia was constructed based on the analysis.ConclusionThis study suggests that dementia care developers should aim to build practice models that recognize, explore, and enhance the creative capacity of seniors, fully expanding the health‐oriented care model to a whole‐person care system.
Sex differences in cognitive resilience in preclinical autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease carriers and non‐carriers: Baseline findings from the API ADAD Colombia Trial
Authors: Vila‐Castelar Clara , Tariot Pierre N. , Sink Kaycee M. , Clayton David , Langbaum Jessica B. , Thomas Ronald G. , Chen Yinghua , Su Yi , Chen Kewei , Hu Nan , Giraldo‐Chica Margarita , Tobón Carlos , Acosta‐Baena Natalia , Luna Ernesto , Londoño Marisol , Ospina Paula , Tirado Victoria , Muñoz Claudia , Henao Eliana , Bocanegra Yamile , Alvarez Sergio , Rios‐Romenets Silvia , Ghisays Valentina , Goradia Dhruman , Lee Wendy , Luo Ji , Malek‐Ahmadi Michael H. , Protas Hillary D. , Lopera Francisco , Reiman Eric M. , Quiroz Yakeel T. ,   the API ADAD Colombia Trial Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionFemales may have greater susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐pathology. We examined the effect of sex on pathology, neurodegeneration, and memory in cognitively‐unimpaired Presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers and non‐carriers.MethodsWe analyzed baseline data from 167 mutation carriers and 75 non‐carriers (ages 30 to 53) from the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal Dominant AD Trial, including florbetapir‐ and fludeoxyglucose‐PET, MRI based hippocampal volume and cognitive testing.ResultsFemales exhibited better delayed recall than males, controlling for age, precuneus glucose metabolism, and mutation status, although the effect was not significant amongPSEN1mutation carriers only.APOEε4 did not modify the effect of sex on AD biomarkers and memory.DiscussionOur findings suggest that, among cognitively‐unimpaired individuals at genetic risk for autosomal‐dominant AD, females may have greater cognitive resilience to AD pathology and neurodegeneration than males. Further investigation of sex‐specific differences in autosomal‐dominant AD is key to elucidating mechanisms of AD risk and resilience.
Triploid genetic algorithm for convolutional neural network–based diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Bhasin Harsh , Agrawal R. K. ,   for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is deemed a formative phase of dementia, may greatly assist clinicians in delaying its headway toward dementia. This article proposes a deep learning approach based on a triploid genetic algorithm, a proposed variant of genetic algorithms, for classifying MCI converts and non‐converts using structural magnetic resonance imaging data. It also explores the effect of the choice of activation functions and that of the selection of hyper‐parameters on the performance of the model. The proposed work is a step toward automated convolutional neural networks. The performance of the proposed method is measured in terms of accuracy and empirical studies exhibit the preeminence of our proposed method over the existing ones. The proposed model results in a maximum accuracy of 0.97961. Thus, it may contribute to the effective diagnosis of MCI and may prove important in clinical settings.
The comprehensive, customized, cost‐effective approach (CCCAP) to prevention of dementia
Authors: Hachinski Vladimir ,   the Dementia Prevention Initiative
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Food and Drug Administration's controversial approval of aducanumab has sounded a wake‐up call. Is the search of a silver bullet to stop Alzheimer's disease the only way to prevent dementia? The controversies and costs have opened minds to alternative approaches, the most promising being that we are already preventing some dementias in some high‐income countries but do not know yet how. This article proposes one way. It requires that the approach be (1) comprehensive, taking into account all relevant environmental, socioeconomic, and individual risk and protective factors; (2) customized, because contributing factors vary by region and among individuals; and (3) cost effective, implemented in actionable units. Savings of scale could occur by preventing stroke, heart disease, and dementia together. They share the same risk factors and pose risks for each other. Brain health could be the unifying, motivating, and actionable key to health, productivity, and well‐being.
Expanding Nuclear Physics Horizons with the Gamma Factory
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Berengut Julian C. , Flambaum Victor V. , Gorchtein Mikhail , Jin Junlan , Karbstein Felix , Krasny Mieczyslaw Witold , Litvinov Yuri A. , Pálffy Adriana , Pascalutsa Vladimir , Petrenko Alexey , Surzhykov Andrey , Thirolf Peter G. , Vanderhaeghen Marc , Weidenmüller Hans A. , Zelevinsky Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Gamma Factory (GF) is an ambitious proposal, currently explored within the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders program, for a source of photons with energies up to ≈400 MeV and photon fluxes (up to ≈1017 photons s−1) exceeding those of the currently available gamma sources by orders of magnitude. The high‐energy (secondary) photons are produced via resonant scattering of the primary laser photons by highly relativistic partially‐stripped ions circulating in the accelerator. The secondary photons are emitted in a narrow cone and the energy of the beam can be monochromatized, down to 10−3–10−6 level, via collimation, at the expense of the photon flux. This paper surveys the new opportunities that may be afforded by the GF in nuclear physics and related fields.
ÖNORM B 8115‐2: Methodik zur Ermittlung von Schallschutzniveaus
Authors: Häusler Clemens , Lechner Christoph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIm Jahr 2018 wurde der final draft von ISO FDIS 19488 „Akustisches Klassifizierungssystem für Wohngebäude”, eine Klassifizierung mit konkreten Zahlenwerten, von den Mitgliedsstaaten abgelehnt. Aus Sicht der Autoren zu Recht, denn nicht wertemäßig einheitliche Anforderungen, sondern eine einheitliche Methodik sollte das Ziel internationaler Harmonisierung sein. 2021 erschien inhaltlich unverändert ISO TS 19488 als „Technical Specification”, also abgewertet als „Technische Regel”.Weltweit den gleichen Schallschutz zu fordern oder zu empfehlen ist genauso unrealistisch wie technisch fragwürdig. Nicht gleiche Anforderungen, sondern gleiche Verfahren sind gefragt. Die neue ÖNORM B 8115‐2 präsentiert eine solche einheitliche Methodik, die absolute Höhe des Anforderungsniveaus kann entsprechend den jeweiligen Vorstellungen der „Schutzziele” festgelegt werden.