bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Don't Vote for Less Democracy. Don't Send Good Money After Bad. Vote No on the Proposed Constitution
Authors: Herzberg Donald G. 
Published: December 2022

I was a late appointee to the Constitutional Revision Committee, appointed by President Deutsch. Unfortunately, no meeting of the Committee was arranged at a time when I could attend.Had I been able to attend meetings of the Committee, I would have vigorously opposed the proposed Constitution for many reasons. I will mention ONLY ONE; the proposed Constitution sharply reduces the opportunity for members of APSA to participate in important decisions. During the last three years, the Ad Hoc Committee has proposed three amendments to the present Constitution providing for broader participation by the whole membership in the governance of the Association. These amendments gave members an opportunity to vote for officers and Council members in contested elections, to vote on constitutional amendments, and to vote on resolutions. All three amendments were adopted by large majorities. I cannot believe that those who voted for these amendments will vote for a new Constitution that greatly curtails their chance to participate in governing the Association.
Report of the Managing Editor, The American Political Science Review, 1971–1972
Authors: Polsby Nelson W. 
Published: December 2022

In my last report I described some attempts at innovation in the management and format of the Review; this year I can report that we have settled into our routines. The increased readability and literacy which some readers have noticed in the Review I attribute primarily to the alert and sensitive manuscript editing of Dr. Ellen Siegelman, a remarkable person who combines wide learning in the social sciences with an unusual feel for language. Jeanne Dritz, our hawkeyed proofreader, is responsible for a Review increasingly free from typographical error. The energy and imagination of Professor Philip Siegelman, our book editor, has in my opinion brought the book review section to a new level of usefulness to the profession. The work of these gifted professionals has not only lifted the quality of the Review but also the spirits of the managing editor. Barbara Hight, Norma Jean Minor, Lenny Cooper and, for a time, Margaret Carlson, performed the mundane tasks that kept the machinery going: placing the calls and opening the mail, unwrapping the books and sending out reminders, snipping authors' names off manuscripts and balancing our bank account, collating galleys and bringing back coffee.The sum total of these routine tasks is, I suppose, what producing a scholarly journal is all about. An editorial office cannot write a scholarly journal — scholars do that. It is our job to see that what scholars do write and send to us is evaluated fairly — and so far as we can extort cooperation from our referees, promptly — presented attractively and with fidelity and delivered seasonably into the hands of readers.
Even Paranoids Have Real Enemies
Authors: Diamant Alfred 
Published: December 2022

Buffeted from all sides because it is not sufficiently generalizing and scientific, because it sticks to outdated notion of field research, and because it is not “relevant” to the career concerns of the average American Student, the subfield of comparative politics seems to have fallen on evil days. Peter Sackman (PS Summer 1975 vol. VIII, no. 3, 262–263) singles out the subfield for adverse comment in his report on dissertations completed and in progress. One would not quarrel with his treatment if it were justified by even the simplest tests of statistical honesty. One doubts that Mr. Sackman is out to “get” comparative politics, but if he should claim to be a friend, then the subdiscipline has not need for enemies.In the last paragraph of his essay he notes the “marked decline of additions in category VII” (comparative politics). No quarrel with that, for it showed the largest numerical decline of any subdiscipline. But Figure I, showing dissertation increases and decreases for the subdisciplines, indicates that category IV (U.S. State and Local Government) suffered a greater percentage decline, 28% vs. 24% for comparative politics. Six of the eight subdisciplines suffered some decline. Only one, Public Administration, showed a marked increase, viz. 65%. So why single out comparative politics for special mention?
New York City 1978
Authors: Horton Elizabeth E. 
Published: December 2022

The city, it seems, acted as inspiration for the meeting. 330 panels, meetings, and receptions, an increase of 17 over any previous year, mirrored the surrounding variety. And, regardless of the opinion of a rather prominent editorialist, some of the Big Apple's excitement and activism infiltrated the atmosphere of our Annual Business Meeting. I know a number of political scientists who felt that it was a pretty good way to spend a Saturday afternoon.Participants, at an all-time high of 1,457, represented almost 50 percent of those in attendance. Political Philosophy took its place again as first in attendance at the 74th Annual Meeting, with the second ranked section a good 14 points behind (see Table 1 for further details). Significantly, only three panels were reported to have over 100 persons in attendance (Table 2).
Presentation of 1981 Award to Evron M. Kirkpatrick
Authors: Peltason Jack W. 
Published: December 2022

This award, The 1981 National Capital Area Political Science Association Pi Sigma Alpha Award, presented to a political scientist who has made a substantial contribution to strengthen the relationship between political science and public service, appropriately goes to one who has, more than anybody else I know, worked to strengthen the relationship between political science and public service, Evron Kirkpatrick.Kirk's own career reflects that relationship. He studied political science at the University of Illinois where he earned a B.A. and M.A. and learned all that he knows. Then he went on to Yale in order to bring enlightenment to that area and to teach them what we had taught him at Illinois and for which they so gratefully gave him a Ph.D.Kirk is a teacher, one of the best. He has taught at Minnesota, Howard, and Georgetown, and he has never stopped teaching throughout his demanding career.
Active circulation of varicella zoster virus among different age groups in Sudan
Authors: Adam Omer , Musa Ahmed , Kamer Amani , Benharrat Safiya , Hübschen Judith M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Sudan, data on varicella infections are lacking and the vaccine is currently not in use. The aim of this study was to investigate previous exposure to varicella zoster virus (VZV) among children and adults from the general population and among health-care workers (HCWs) in Khartoum. Dried blood spot samples collected between 2015 and 2016 from 294 children aged 1‒15 years, 153 adult volunteers and 241 HCWs were investigated for the presence of VZV IgG antibodies using ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of VZV IgG antibodies among the investigated cohorts was 50.4%, ranging between 14.3% in children and 79.3% in HCWs. Seropositivity increased with age among children and HCWs (P ⩽ 0.05). A relatively low seropositivity (64.7%) was observed among young adults and HCWs, suggesting that a high proportion of Sudanese adults remain susceptible. In hospital settings, this result implies a risk of nosocomial infection involving both HCWs and vulnerable patients. The results of this first VZV study in Sudan suggest active virus circulation in different age groups. Especially HCWs at the start of their career might benefit from vaccination, not only to save themselves from herpes zoster and its sequelae, but also to indirectly protect vulnerable patients.
The effect of pentoxifylline and calcium ionophore treatment on sperm cell biology in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia samples
Authors: Mahaldashtian Maryam , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Vatanparast Mahboubeh , Anbari Fatemeh , Nabi Ali , Mangoli Esmat 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and Ca2+ ionophore (CI) A12387 treatment on some biological characteristics of sperm cells in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) patients. After processing, each sample was divided into four groups: 1, control; 2, exposed to 3.6 mM PTX; 3, exposed to 5 μm calcium ionophore (CI); and 4, exposed to both PTX and CI; 30 min at 37°C. Sperm motility was measured before and after preparation. Acrosome reaction (AR), status of sperm vacuoles, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation were assessed using PSA-FITC staining, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), JC-1 staining and sperm chromatin dispersion (CSD) test, respectively. Treatment with PTX and CI led to increased and decreased sperm motility, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, vacuole status and rates of sperm DNA fragmentation were not significantly different among groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the data showed that the rates of AR and disrupted MMP were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in vitro application of PTX not only did not have any adverse effects on sperm cell biology characteristics, but also can rectify the harmful effect of CI.
Barriers to healthcare and their relationship to well-being and social support for autistic adults during COVID-19
Authors: Featherstone Charlotte , Sharpe Richard A. , Axford Nick , Asthana Sheena , Ball Susan , Husk Kerryn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aim:
The present study aimed to investigate barriers to healthcare and their relationships to social and emotional well-being and intersectional inequalities for autistic adults during COVID-19 restrictions in the UK.

Background:
Autistic adults experience severe health inequalities and report more barriers to accessing health services compared to other both disabled and non-disabled populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many areas of society that may have increased vulnerability of autistic people to social and health inequalities, including delivery of healthcare from in-person to remote methods.

Method:
One hundred twenty-eight autistic adults who lived in the UK took part in an online survey. Measures included the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist (Short Form) and PROMIS outcome measure bank to assess emotional well-being and social support. Participants rated their agreement with items, retrospectively considering three different points of the trajectory of COVID-19 restrictions: before COVID-19, during the first lockdown in spring 2020, and in the month prior to taking the survey during autumn 2020. They completed a follow-up survey six months later to continue to assess change as restrictions in the UK were eased.

Findings:
The average number of barriers to healthcare showed no significant change between all four time points. However, the nature of barriers to healthcare changed at the point of lockdown and persisted beyond the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Barriers to healthcare were associated with some social and emotional well-being variables and demographic groups including gender, education and presence of additional disabilities. The findings may help to identify areas to target to improve access to both remote and in-person health systems for autistic people as modes of delivery continue to change over time.
Modification of North Atlantic Deep Water by Pacific/Upper Circumpolar Deep Water in the Argentine Basin
Authors: Brand S. V. S. , Prend C. J. , Talley L. D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMuch of the salty, high oxygen North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) leaving the Atlantic flows through the Argentine Basin, where it is diluted by fresher, low oxygen Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). This mixing of deep water masses is often overlooked in the zonally averaged description of the overturning circulation. Here, we show that intense mixing occurs along the western boundary: (a) extreme, isolated oxygen/temperature anomalies recorded by three autonomous biogeochemical floats suggest that subsurface eddies can inject relatively unmodified CDW far into the northwestern Argentine Basin, and (b) moderate, numerous temperature/salinity anomalies indicate a mixing zone from Rio Grande Rise to the Malvinas Current. This western eddy pathway shortcuts the gyre‐scale cyclonic route for CDW inferred from most previous studies. Significantly, CDW dilution of NADW affects the properties of deep waters that upwell in the Southern Ocean, and hence the connection between Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar climates.
Predicted Episode of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Onto the South Carolina, USA, Continental Shelf and Its Effect on Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Moore Willard S. , Vincent Jacob , Pickney James L. , Wilson Alicia M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) may directly influence the dissolved oxygen (DO) content of coastal bottom waters. Here, we report a predicted episode of enhanced SGD that caused low DO concentrations on the South Carolina continental shelf. The prediction model linked episodes of SGD to upwelling‐favorable winds. The data revealed these waters were a factor of 2–6 higher in 226Ra and 228Ra compared to typical bottom water values and were significantly depleted in DO (<130 μM). The tight 228Ra:226Ra correlation of these data was similar to values during a strong hypoxic event off SC in 2012. Water ages from 224Ra and 223Ra indicated the event occurred 2–9 days before sampling. The success of the prediction lends added credence to the correlation of upwelling‐favorable winds—but not necessarily accompanied by upwelling—to episodic SGD events. This prediction from wind data represents a major advance for quantifying SGD in the region.
Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM
Authors: Zambon F. , Mura A. , Lopes R. M. C. , Rathbun J. , Tosi F. , Sordini R. , Noschese R. , Ciarniello M. , Cicchetti A. , Adriani A. , Agostini L. , Filacchione G. , Grassi D. , Piccioni G. , Plainaki C. , Sindoni G. , Turrini D. , Brooks S. , Hansen‐Koharcheck C. , Bolton S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we present the most updated catalog of Io hot spots based on Juno/JIRAM data. We find 242 hot spots, including 23 previously undetected. Over the half of the new hot spots identified, are located at high northern and southern latitudes (>70°). We observe a latitudinal variability and a larger concentration of hot spots in the polar regions, in particular in the North. The comparison between JIRAM and the most recent Io hot spot catalogs listing power output (Veeder et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.028; de Kleer, de Pater, et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab2380), shows JIRAM detected 63% and 88% of the total number of hot spots, respectively. Furthermore, JIRAM observed 16 of the 34 faint hot spots previously identified. JIRAM data revealed thermal emission from 5 dark pateræ inferred to be active from color ratio images, thus confirming that these are hot spots.
A Large New Crater Exposes the Limits of Water Ice on Mars
Authors: Dundas Colin M. , Mellon Michael T. , Posiolova Liliya V. , Miljković Katarina , Collins Gareth S. , Tornabene Livio L. , Rangarajan Vidhya Ganesh , Golombek Matthew P. , Warner Nicholas H. , Daubar Ingrid J. , Byrne Shane , McEwen Alfred S. , Seelos Kimberly D. , Viola Donna , Bramson Ali M. , Speth Gunnar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWater ice in the Martian mid‐latitudes has advanced and retreated in response to variations in the planet's orbit, obliquity, and climate. A 150 m‐diameter new impact crater near 35°N provides the lowest‐latitude impact exposure of subsurface ice on Mars. This is the largest known ice‐exposing crater and provides key constraints on Martian climate history. This crater indicates a regional, relatively pure ice deposit that is unstable and has nearly vanished. In the past, this deposit may have been tens of meters thick and extended equatorward of 35°N. We infer that it is overlain by pore ice emplaced during temporary stable intervals, due to recent climate variability. The marginal survival of ice here suggests that it is near the edge of shallow ice that regularly exchanges with the atmosphere.
Intensification of the East Australian Current After ∼1400 CE
Authors: Zhai Ruixiang , Mohtadi Mahyar , Dolman Andrew M. , Yokoyama Yusuke , Steinke Stephan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC) is the western boundary current of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre that transports warm tropical waters to higher southern latitudes and significantly impacts the climate of Australia and New Zealand. Modern observations show that the EAC has strengthened with rising global temperatures. However, little is known about the pre‐industrial variability of the EAC and the forcing mechanisms. Planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) Mg/Ca‐based sea surface temperature reconstructions offshore northeastern Australia between 15° and 26°S reveal an increase by ∼1.2°C after ∼1400 CE. We infer that the increase in temperature is related to a stronger EAC heat transport that is likely driven by a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyre circulation due to a progressive shift of the Southern annular mode toward its positive phase and of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation toward more El Niño‐like conditions.
Increasing Precipitation in Early Winter Over the Southern China During the Past 40 years
Authors: Liu Baochao , Fang Yue , Sun Shuangwen , Yang Guang , Duan Yongliang , Tana Celia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSouthern China (SC) has experienced increasing precipitation in early winter over the past 40 years, which has been attributed to increasing precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) in this study. In early winter, the positive diabatic heating released by the increasing precipitation over the TIO triggers a strong Matsuno–Gill response. The Kelvin wave of the Matsuno–Gill response forms an anomalous anticyclone over the Western North Pacific (WNPAC) in the lower troposphere, which strengthens water vapor transport from the ocean to SC and induces an increase in precipitation. In late winter, the increasing TIO precipitation is relatively weak, and the trend of SC precipitation is likely caused by factors outside the Indian Ocean.
History‐Dependent Volcanic Ground Deformation From Broad‐Spectrum Viscoelastic Rheology Around Magma Reservoirs
Authors: Liao Yang , Karlstrom Leif , Erickson Brittany A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeodetic timeseries suggest that volcanoes exhibit a wide range of deformation patterns. Viscoelastic deformation around crustal magma storage zones is an expected contributor to such observations, but is challenging to characterize robustly. Here we present a novel approach to modeling crustal deformation around magma reservoirs that identifies frequency‐domain signatures of viscoelastic response for temperature‐dependent crustal rheology. We develop a transfer function that links unsteady reservoir pressure forcing to surface displacement, finding that thermomechanical properties and geometry of the magmatic system are encoded in viscoelastic response on timescales where geodetic observations are routinely made. Inhomogeneous viscoelasticity is reflected by spatially variable relaxation of host rocks that results in a viscous aureole whose size depends on the frequency spectrum of forcing. We explore viscoelastic signatures of broadband pressurization episodes, identifying a history dependence of volcano deformation in which past activity influences the stress state and surface deformation patterns of future episodes.
Different Martian Crustal Seismic Velocities Across the Dichotomy Boundary From Multi‐Orbiting Surface Waves
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Beghein Caroline , Lognonné Philippe , McLennan Scott M. , Wieczorek Mark A. , Panning Mark P. , Knapmeyer‐Endrun Brigitte , Davis Paul , Banerdt W. Bruce 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have observed both minor‐arc (R1) and major‐arc (R2) Rayleigh waves for the largest marsquake (magnitude of 4.7 ± 0.2) ever recorded. Along the R1 path (in the lowlands), inversion results show that a simple, two‐layer model with an interface located at 21–29 km and an upper crustal shear‐wave velocity of 3.05–3.17 km/s can fit the group velocity measurements. Along the R2 path, observations can be explained by upper crustal thickness models constrained from gravity data and upper crustal shear‐wave velocities of 2.61–3.27 and 3.28–3.52 km/s in the lowlands and highlands, respectively. The shear‐wave velocity being faster in the highlands than in the lowlands indicates the possible existence of sedimentary rocks, and relatively higher porosity in the lowlands.
Fast and Slow Subpolar Ocean Responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation: Thermal and Dynamical Changes
Authors: Khatri Hemant , Williams Richard G. , Woollings Tim , Smith Doug M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate model hindcasts are analyzed to reveal the impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the North Atlantic subpolar ocean, which exhibits variability on seasonal to decadal timescales. The ocean response to a single winter NAO event is separated into fast and slow responses. The fast response persists over winter–spring seasons, during which wind stress and heat flux anomalies associated with the NAO rapidly modify ocean temperatures via changes in Ekman transport and ocean‐atmosphere heat exchanges. The slow response persists for 3–4 years, during which overturning and gyre circulations redistribute opposing‐signed surface temperature anomalies created by the NAO. This redistribution modifies east‐west temperature contrasts altering the meridional heat transport associated with gyres and changing the strength of the overturning circulation. Hence, the fast and slow responses lead to opposing‐signed subpolar temperature anomalies in time from the competing effects of local forcing and horizontal heat convergence.
On the Evaluation of Solar Wind's Heating Rates
Authors: Zaslavsky A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolar wind heating rates have often been calculated by fitting plasma and magnetic field data with a set of model functions. In this letter, we show that the rates obtained by such an approach strongly depend on the rather arbitrary choice one makes for these model functions. An alternative approach, consisting in monitoring the radial evolution of the adiabatic invariants, based on locally and consistently measured plasma and magnetic field parameters, is free from such a flaw. We apply this technique to a recently released Helios proton data set, and confirm the existence of a clear perpendicular heating of solar wind's protons. On the other hand, no significant change in the parallel adiabatic invariant is visible in the data. We conclude that to date, and in the distance range of 0.3–1 AU, no clear observation of a deviation of solar wind's protons from parallel adiabaticity has ever been made.