bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenility and Photoperiod-Dependent Inflorescence Development of Salvia splendens Sello1
Authors: Lai C. H. , Weiler T. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The juvenile phase for flowering of daylength responsive salvia, ‘Bonfire’ and ‘Red Pillar’, ended at stem node 4–6. Then to 20 short days were required for evocation and initiation of flowering. There was a quantitative short-day requirement for inflorescence development in these cultivars. Inflorescence development of day-neutral salvia, ‘St. John’s Fire’ and ‘Fireball’, was not appreciably affected by photoperiod.
Translocation of Ethephon in Fig (Ficus carica L.) Shoots1
Authors: Puech Antoine A. , Crane Julian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intact phloem appeared essential for basipetal translocation or sink-induced acropetal movement of 12C and 14C-ethephon [(2-chlorethyl) phosphonic acid]. A source-to-sink movement of 14C was indicated by the mobilization of radioactivity by fruits distal to a treated leaf. The amount of 14C mobilized by fruits was modified somewhat by their pattern of vascular connections. Over a period of time 14C diffused freely from bark tissue into wood. However, there was no indication that it was translocated in the transpiration stream. The radioactivity in extracts of fig fruits and branches was extracted and confirmed to be 14C-ethephon.
Inheritance of Sex Expression from Crosses of Dioecious Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)1
Authors: Scott J. W. , Baker L. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The hybrids and segregating populations obtained by crossing 4 gynoecious with 4 androecious lines were analyzed to determine the inheritance of sex expression in dioecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Sex expression of all F1 hybrids was characterized by plants with a continuous pistillate stage of flowering on the main stem. This included both gynoecious and predominantly female plants. No reciprocal cross differences were observed in the F1 and backcross generations. Backcrosses to the gynoecious parents produced plants with a continuous female stage. Backcrosses to the androecious parent produced plants with continuous pistillate, monoecious (without a continuous pistillate stage), and androecious expression in a 2:1:1 ratio, respectively. The F2 generation segregated 12:3:1 continuous pistillate, monoecious, and androecious phenotypes, respectively. Two major loci, a and acr, with epistasis are proposed to control sex expression. The a locus permits male (aa) as opposed to female (A –) flower expression. The acr locus conditions the intensity of femaleness.
Plant Population Studies with Pickling Cucumbers Grown for Once-over Harvest1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. , Phatak Sharad C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), ‘Bounty’ and ‘Premier’, were grown at 8 population densities ranging from 50,000 plants per ha (46 × 46 cm spacing) to 850,000 plants per ha (10 × 10 cm spacing). Sections of the field were harvested once-over on 2 sampling dates. Yields as dollars per ha and as tons per ha increased with increasing plant population at densities of 50,000 to 100,000 and 250,000 to 500,000 plants per ha. Over the common commerical populations, 100,000, 150,000, 200,000 and 250,000 plants per ha, yields did not increase as population increased. Delay in harvest for 4 days did not affect dollars per ha yield but doubled the tons per ha produced. Fruit sizing was slower in higher plant populations (250,000 to 850,000 plants per ha) than in the lower plant densities (50,000 to 200,000 plants per ha). The number of fruit per plant decreased with increasing plant population. Length to diameter ratios of ‘Premier’ were lower at the lowest plant population, 50,000 plants per ha. L:D ratios of ‘Bounty’ were unaffected by plant population. Varying plant populations did not affect the percent off-shape fruit, or fruit color (green quality and uniformity) of either cultivar.
Effects of Ethephon on Stomata, Ethylene Evolution, and Abscission in Olive (Olea europaea L.), cv. Coratina1
Authors: Vitagliano Claudio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 1500 ppm applied 8 to 15 days before harvest effectively reduced the fruit removal force (FRF) of ‘Coratina’ olive. Ethylene evolution from fruits and leaves occurred within 1 hour and reached a maximum about 48 hours after application of ethephon. This chemical also enhanced stomatal aperture, suggesting that it might have important implications with respect to CO2 uptake and transpiration.
Minimum Irrigation Requirements for Landscape Plants1
Authors: Sachs R. M. , Kretchun T. , Mock T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several field-established broadleaved and coniferous evergreen shrubs and 2 ground covers, Carpobrotus sp. and Hedera helix L., survived, and maintained adequate appearance with greatly restricted growth, without supplemental irrigation from May through September on deep soils at San Jose and Santa Ana, CA. Eugenia uniflora L. at Santa Ana required 1 irrigation (9.4 cm) in July to insure survival and both Coprosma baueri Endl. and Cotoneaster pannosa Franch. required 1 or 2 irrigations to insure adequate foliar density. At San Jose only Nerium oleander L. lost leaves or lost leaf color and turgidity in the non-irrigated plot. The plantings at both locations had viable roots down to 1 m and probably deeper. Non-irrigated and bimonthly irrigated soils were at or below the permanent wilting percentage down to 1 m. Leaf temp in the non-irrigated Xylosma congestum (Lour.) Merr. and Carpobrotus plots were 6 and 15° C, respectively, above ambient and yet no permanent foliar injury was observed. We suggest that leaf temp may be used to measure critical water stress in landscape plants. Our findings indicate that substantial savings in water costs and in controlling vegetative overgrowth can be realized by reducing irrigation frequency in established landscape plantings.
A Multiple Cropping System for Vegetable Production Under Subtropical, High Rainfall Conditions1
Authors: Standifer Leon C. , Noor bin Ismail Mohd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over a 3-year test period a system of multiple cropping using minimum tillage was compared with conventional methods. The minimum tillage operation consisted of rebuilding raised beds in November of each year and planting successive crops with no preparation beyond that required to remove residues of the preceding crop. Using a cropping sequence of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), sweet corn (Zea mays, cv. Aristogold Bantam Evergreen), and southern peas (Vigna sinensis, cv. Calhoun Purple Hull), yields obtained with minimum tillage were equal or superior to those obtained using conventional methods. In addition, minimum tillage left enough time annually to produce a fourth crop of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris, cv. Earlytop 16).
Maturation and Ripening of ‘Canino’ Apricot as Affected by Combined Sprays of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and 2,4,5 Tri-chlorophenoxypropionic Acid (2,4,5-TP)1
Authors: Guelfat-Reich Sylvia , Ben-Arie Ruth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
SADH affected color enhancement of ‘Canino’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) thereby increasing the percentage of fruit harvested during the first 2 harvests. The sprays at and after pit hardening had a greater effect on color than “after bloom” spray. Other parameters of ripening, however, were unaffected, or were even retarded, indicating the different effects of SADH on various species of stone fruits.
Growth of Tomato on a Tropical Soil under Plastic Cover as Influenced by Irrigation Practice and Soil Salinity1
Authors: Bower C. A. , Kratky B. A. , Ikeda N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When soil-water tension in the rootzone was maintained below 0.2 bar the yield of marketable ‘Tropic’ tomato was 17% greater than when tension was maintained below 0.4 or 0.6 bar. At all 3 tensions yields and total amounts of irrigation water required under trickle irrigation did not differ significantly from yields and water required under basin irrigation. Soil salinity tended to increase with decreases in the total amount of irrigation water applied and with distance from the center of the row. These tendencies were slight under basin irrigation but marked with trickle irrigation. The salt tolerance of ‘Tropic’ appears to be lower than that reported for other cultivars; tolerance was considerably lower on highly acid soil (pH 4.1) than on limed soil (pH 5.7). With limed soil the electrical conductivities of the soil water at field capacity associated with yield decreases of 10, 25 and 50% were 3.5, 6.8 and 12.2 mmho/cm, respectively, as compared to corresponding U.S. Salinity Laboratory values of 8.0, 13.4 and 16.0 mmho/cm.
An Attempt to Overcome Iron-Induced Manganese Deficiency in ‘July Elberta’ Peach Trees with Manganese Chelate1
Authors: Rogers Ewell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disodium manganous ethylenediamine tetraacetate (MnEDTA), applied to the soil with 113 and 227 g sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenylacetate) (FeEDDHA), increased the concentration of Mn and reduced the concentration of Fe in ‘July Elberta’ peach leaves (Prunus persica (L) Batsch). Both rates of the Fe chelate increased Fe and reduced Mn and K in the leaves when compared to non-treated ones. Both rates of the Fe chelate reduced Fe chlorosis and increased shoot growth and size and yield of fruit. Mangenase chelate with 113 g Fe chelate reduced N in the leaves and increased trunk growth. Manganese chelate with 227 g Fe chelate reduced P in leaves. The Zn content in leaves, size of fruit, leaf chlorosis, trunk and shoot growth were not affected by Mn chelate applied with Fe chelate.
The Relationship of Inheritance and Temperature to the Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Arnold Charles Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over 90% of the increase in ear weight occurred between silk and harvest at 72% kernel moisture. The rate of increase was almost linear for first ears. For second ears, the rate was depressed by the successive abortion of individual ears. Whether induced by inherent or temperature variations, the differences in yield were associated with the combined effect of the rate of maturation of the kernels and the rate of increase in ear weight. The relationship of temperature to first ear yields was shown to be complicated by the fact that its relationship with the rate of maturation was linear and with weight increase it was curvilinear with an optimum temperature of 24° (76°F). The yield of second ears was not well correlated with temperature, but was highly correlated with the percent of ears reaching a usable condition. Total yields were significantly correlated with temperature but not as well as first ear yields. The optimum temperature was 23° (73°F). An application of these relationships to the prediction of yields in the processing industry is outlined.
Flavonoid Composition of Aechmea and Billbergia: Two Closely Allied Ornamental Bromeliads1
Authors: Ashtakala Syamala S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aechmea and Billbergia are 2 morphologically similar bromeliads which are considered to be closely related. Chromatographic comparisons of the leaf extracts of Aechmea glomerata Hook, and Billbergia vittata Brongn. support a close relationship of these 2 species, i.e., the common occurrence of apigenin, luteolin, tricin and quercetin among the flavones/flavonols, delphinidin, cyanidin and peonidin among the anthocyanidin glycosides and several phenolic acid derivatives. Apigenin and luteolin glycosides are predominant in both species although there is considerable variation with respect to glycosidic types. Billbergia vittata is characterized by the major flavone, scutellarein glucoside5 (6-hydroxyapigenin glucoside) and Aechmea glomerata contains apigenin 7-apiosylglucoside as the major compound. These major flavones appear to distinguish the one species of Aechmea which was examined from one species of Billbergia.
Inheritance of Fruit Detachment in Strawberry1
Authors: Brown G. R. , Moore J. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Diallel crosses were used to determine the inheritance patterns for capping percentage, capping force, and pedicel breaking force in Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cultivars. The diallel crosses were evaluated with the Jinks-Haymen formulae and these results were compared with the phenotypic evaluation of the parent cultivars. Capping percentage, capping force, and pedicel breaking force are different genetic traits but they were significantly correlated with each other. The pattern of inheritance for each trait was controlled by both additive and dominant genes. The overall direction of dominance for the respective traits was for higher capping percentage, lower capping force and lower pedicel breaking force. ‘Gorella’ exhibited extreme overdominance for low capping force. Because of the large environmental influence on these traits, progeny tests such as diallel crosses provide a better evaluation of the genetic potential of a cultivar than its phenotypic performance.
Inheritance in Sweet Corn for Resistance to Acute Ozone Injury1
Authors: Cameron James W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A high degree of inheritance for resistance and susceptibility in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) to acute ozone leaf injury under field conditions was shown during 2 and 3 generations of breeding with 3 series of cultivars. Crosses of highly susceptible × resistant inbreds gave notably susceptible F1's. F2 families segregated quantitatively but extremes were sometimes recovered. Distribution in F2 was skewed toward low injury. Resistant X resistant crosses gave almost fully resistant F1's and F2's. A study involving a second series of inbreds also showed a close relationship between susceptibility in a parent and in its derived F1's. Three generations of selection and inbreeding, beginning with a segregating population, resulted in near fixation in resistant sublines but showed continued segregation in progenies from susceptible selections.
A Method for Determining the Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in Rose Petals1
Authors: Buxton Jack W. , Stoltz L. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A method is described for determining glucose metabolism by the C-6/C-1 ratio. After an initial lag period to allow for equilibration of labelled glucose, an increase of accumulated 14CO2 in rose petals was linear with time. By taking the limit of the ratio of the C-1 and C-6 lines, one can arrive at the C-6/C-1 ratio as a ratio of the slopes of the lines. The slope of each of the lines can be calculated with 2 determinations within a relatively short time period. This method reduces metabolic recycling of the glucose and other problems associated with the traditional method of determining the C-6/C-1 ratio.
Pectinolytic Enzyme Activity and Changes in Water Potential Components Associated with Internal Breakdown in ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Pollard James E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A tissue macerating factor and pectinesterase activity were found in extracts from ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus svlvestris, L.) during development of internal breakdown. Pectinesterase activity increased significantly and activity of the tissue macerating factor decreased significantly accompanying development of internal breakdown; concentrations of both remained low throughout development of the disorder. With loss of fruit firmness, fruit tissue water potential decreased as a result of decreasing solute potential and decreasing pressure potential. The first component of fruit firmness to decrease, tissue rigidity, is believed to decrease as a result of hydrolysis of intercellular pectins. The second component, cell turgor, decreased due to an increase in permeability of cell membranes to water in the later stages of development of internal breakdown. Decrease in both components of fruit firmness appear to contribute to tissue softening accompanying development of internal breakdown.
Reciprocal Cross Differences and Combining Ability for Six Diverse Tomato Lines1
Authors: Trinklein D. H. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reciprocal cross differences and combining ability in Lvcopersicon esculentum, Mill, were investigated using a diallel crossing technique. Six inbred lines with diverse origins were utilized to investigate differences and combining ability for components of yield, fruit quality attributes, radial fruit cracking, and blossom-end rot (BER).
Significant reciprocal differences were observed for fruit number, early yield, percentage early yield, and BER incidence (%). Missouri line 76-1-60-8 was the female parent in the majority of crosses showing significance for high early yield. In 60% of the crosses in which it was involved, small-fruited PI 118785 produced significantly fewer fruits when it was used as the female. The data suggest that either maternal or cytoplasmic influences were manifest for these characters by these lines.
Fruit quality traits tended to show prevalence of general combining (additive) effects, whereas significant specific combining ability effects indicated dominance fo fruit weight.
Regulation of Seed Dormancy in Cercis canadensis L.1
Authors: Hamilton D. F. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An examination of dormancy in seeds of Eastern Redbud, Cercis canadensis L., showed that dormancy is controlled by permeability of the testa. Scarification by H2SO4 or mechanical abrasion permitted rapid and complete germination of dormant seed. Stratification was necessary only if seed were not scarified. Nonscarified seeds showed almost no water uptake during 55 days at 5°C, while scarified seeds had a steep imbibitional gradient. Germination was not stimulated by adding oxygen. No growth inhibitors were detected in dormant seed, and no promoters were found in chilled seeds.
Developmental Studies of Pyriform Fruits of Grapefruit1,2
Authors: Gibson Arthur C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study of the structure and development of gynoecia from normal and pyriform samples of ‘Red Blush’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisii Macfad.) revealed that stages in organogenesis and histogenesis were essentially similar. Activity of a subovarian intercalary meristem prior to anthesis was responsible for enlargement of the ovary base and increase in thickness of the ovary wall during the last half of pistil ontogeny. Other meristematic areas accounted for development of locules, central core, ovary top, style, and stigma, but these regions were not involved in the elongation process. The evidence suggests that floral apices which form pyriform fruits tend to produce wider gynoecia, which are more robust than normal ones throughout the subsequent months of development. Size of pistils may be an important factor in relation to variation in fruit shape in grapefruit, and, therefore, prevention of pyriform fruit development is probably intimately related to the control of the growth rate of apices in a given year.
Effects of the Bi Locus in Cucumber on Preference by Degree of Damage and by Fecundity of the Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover1
Authors: Haynes Robert L. , Jones C. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nymphs of Aphis gossypii Glover (Western Biotype) reared on bitter plants of ‘Tablegreen 65’ and ‘Marketmore 70’ cucumber required less time to reach maturity and produced more generations in 184 days than those reared on non-bitter plants. The greatest number of nymphs per adult aphid was produced by aphids on 8-week-old non-bitter plants of ‘Tablegreen 65’. Non-bitter plants of both cultivars supported a significantly greater aphid population density after 30 days than bitter plants.
Tests of aphids in greenhouse cages indicated no significant differences in damage caused by melon aphids to bitter and non-bitter plants of ‘Tablegreen 65’ and ‘Marketmore 70’.
Effect of Water Stress on Seed Yield and Quality of the Sweet Corn Inbred ‘Luther Hill’1
Authors: El-Forgany M. , Makus D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn inbred ‘Luther Hill’ (Zea mays L.) was subjected to soil moisture depletions of −3 and −5 bar either during, 3 weeks after or 6 weeks after silking. The presence of stalk rot (Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.) was significantly increased by increasing soil moisture depletion, particularly when stress occurred at the silking stage. Stress at silking significantly reduced both seed yields and subsequent seed vigor index over all other treatments. Marketable seed and seed size distribution were unaffected by any of the stress treatments.
In Vitro Culture and Propagation of Episcia Sp. (Flame Violets)1
Authors: Bilkey Peter C. , McCown Brent H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stock cultures of 5 cultivars of Episcia, Gesneriaceae, were readily maintained as callus and shoot regeneration was rapid and dependable. Callus initiation was best from 1–2 mm stem tips or 5 × 10 mm leaf sections on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 0.1mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/liter benzyladenine (BA). Cytokinin or auxin concentrations up to 5.0mg/liter did not greatly affect sub-cultured callus growth. Even a medium lacking growth regulators supported rapid callus growth, doubling in size every 4 days. Shoot formation from callus occurred when calli reached about 3g, thus showing a dependency on initial subculture size. Frequent subculturing maintained the callus state. Cytokinin concentration did not affect quantity of shoots produced, however shoot quality was affected. Albino callus from two chimeral cultivars inhibited shoot development more than its green counterpart. Response in culture varied considerably between cultivars. Using certain cultivars, as many as 800,000 Episcia plantlets could be produced annually per square meter of microculture space.
Performance of ‘Owari’ Satsuma Mandarin and ‘Washington’ Navel Orange on Trifoliate Orange and Citrange in Louisiana1
Authors: Constantin Roysell J. , Brown Ralph T. , Thibodeaux Sidney 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit production of ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on 16 rootstocks was best on Argentina, Christiansen, Benecke, and English Small trifoliate oranges (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) and Carrizo citrange (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The lowest yielding trees were on Rusk citrange and English Large trifoliate. Navel orange on Rubidoux trifoliate, Troyer, Carrizo and Uvalde citranges were more productive than trees on Rusk or Citremon C46216 (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus limon (L.)). Satsuma and navel on Troyer and Carrizo citranges produced the heaviest fruit. Fruit weight and production were not always correlated. In general, the larger fruit had thicker rinds. Satsuma on Rubidoux, Christiansen, Norton and Carrizo had darker orange colored rinds; whereas those on Troyer were much greener in color. Navel orange on Rubidoux had the better rind color. Rootstocks had no influence on juice color of navels or satsumas. Fruit from navel orange trees on Rusk had the highest solids/acid ratio of the navel oranges. Satsuma on Rubidoux had the highest juice percentage, those on English Large had the highest soluble solids and titratable acidity. Satsuma and navel orange trees on citrange rootstocks, with the exception of Rusk, were larger than those on trifoliate oranges. However, trees on citranges had less cold hardiness than on trifoliates.