bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Thinning of Prune: Relation of Assimilate Deprivation to Ethylene-mediated Fruit Abscission1
Authors: Weinbaum S. A. , Muraoka T. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dry matter accumulation by immature ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica L. cv Agen) fruit was reduced significantly within 7 days by (A) branch girdling plus defoliation (G+D), or (B) 300 ppm ethephon. Ethephon, but not G+D, reduced fruit removal force (FRF) significantly over the same interval. These data do not support the hypothesis that ethylene (C2H4)-induced thinning is initiated by assimilate deprivation. We propose that reduced mobilization of assimilates by ethephon-treated fruit is a consequence of the incipient fruit senescence which precedes abscission rather than the causative factor.
Physiology of Plum Fruit Abscission Induced by Larvae of the Plum Curculio1
Authors: Levine Eli , Hall Franklin R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The physiological basis for plum (Prunus domestica L. cv. Fellenberg) fruit abscission induced by larvae of the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), appear to be pectinases and cellulase released into fruits by feeding larvae. About 45% more plums receiving active commercial pectinase and cellulase abscised than fruits receiving inactivated enzymes.
A System for Freezing Biological Materials1
Authors: Gusta L. V. , Boyachek M. , Fowler D. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A freezer system is described for subjecting biological materials to temperatures between +50° and -85°C. The system provides for removal of latent heat of fusion, adjustment of tissue water content, uniformity of temperature, control of supercooling and a wide range of cooling rates.
Growth Retardation Activity of Piproctanyl-bromide on Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.1
Authors: Bocion P. F. , de Silva W. H. , Walther H. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of 100 to 150 mg (ai/liter of an aqueous solution containing 5% of 1-allyl-l -(3, 7-dimethyloctyl) piperidinium bromide (piproctanyl-bromide, Stemtrol), reduced the height of all chrysanthemum cultivars tested. Best results were obtained when applied to cuttings 5 to 10 days after the beginning of propagation followed by a second application when the axillary shoots were 2 — 3 cm long. Penetration and translocation to the apical meristems were better through young, soft leaves near the apex than through older bottom leaves. The growth retardation effect of piproctanyl-bromide was independent of nutrient level.
Factors Affecting the Acidity of Tomatoes1
Authors: Sapers G. M. , Phillips J. G. , Panasiuk O. , Carré J. , Stoner A. K. , T. Barksdale 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acidity was measured on ripe and overripe samples of 16 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ‘Ace’ and ‘Garden State’ were the lowest in acidity. In some samples of ‘Garden State’, 25% of the individual ripe fruits exceeded pH 4.8. Overripe tomatoes, tomato tissue infected with Alternaria and anthracnose, and fruits obtained from dead vines were also abnormally high in pH.
The Effect of Ethylene-induced Ripening on Tomatoes of Different Genotypes1
Authors: Wells J. A. , Wann E. V. , Hills W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature green ‘Homestead’ tomatoes (Lycoperiscon esculentum Mill.) and 3 advanced breeding lines were treated with ethylene gas and some compositional parameters of the treated fruit were compared with those of control fruit. Tomato breeding line T3702j2 showed a greater response to ethylene treatment than ‘Homestead’ and other advanced breeding lines carrying the crimson (ogc) and high pigment-crimson (hp ogc) genotypes. Ethylene treatment had negligible effects on the levels of soluble solids, dry matter, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene in the genotypes studied. The mean pH of the treated samples was slightly higher than that of the control, but was not statistically significant in all cultivars or breeding lines every year. The data suggest that breeders should pay attention to the response of breeding lines and potential cultivars to ethylene-induced ripening.
Muskmelon Hybrid Seed Production Facilitated by Ethephon1
Authors: Lee Chi Won , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spraying with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) to increase femaleness in andromonoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) increased hybrid seed production under natural field crossing from 12.0% to 27.4% in ‘Wheat City’ and from 4.0% to 51.5% in ‘Queen of Colorado’. A dominant seedling marker (Bi) in ‘Honey Dew’, the pollinator for both crosses, was used to identify hybrid seed.
In Vitro Propagation of Rieger Elatior Begonias1
Authors: Mikkelsen Edward P. , Sink Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aphrodite types of Rieger begonias are routinely propagated by terminal stem cuttings and the Schwabenland types by leaf-petiole cuttings (J. C. Mikkelsen, personal communication). The shoots and roots that arise at the base of the petiole of a leaf-petiole cutting of the Schwabenland types are of adventitious origin.
Fruit Set and Persistence of ‘Winter Nelis’ Pear following Treatment with Several Gibberellins, Cytex, Abscisic Acid, and GA3 plus CaCl21
Authors: Martin George C. , Nishijima C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowers of caged ‘Winter Nelis’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) set parthenocarpic fruit that persisted until maturity after a single treatment with the gibberellin GA3, GA3 + CaCl2 or the pear gibberellin GA45. Cytex (a zeatin-like cytokinin), abscisic acid (ABA), GA9, GA17 and GA25 were ineffective. The persisting fruits treated with GA3 or GA3 + CaCl2 were significantly smaller than the controls and the GA3 + CaCl2 treated fruits were significantly smaller than those treated with GA45.
Ethyl Oleate Sprays to Reduce Cracking of Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Harrington W. O. , Hills Claude H. , Jones Susan B. , Stafford A. E. , Tennes B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spraying with 3% ethyl oleate (EO) reduced the incidence of cracking from 29 to 11% in ‘Vista’ cherries (Prunis avium L.) Applications of EO increased the rate of dehydration in cherries exposed to ambient air following treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations suggest that EO modifies the cherry cuticle by redistributing surface wax, thereby enhancing mass transfer of water vapor through the skin.
Parafilm: A New Way to Wrap Grafts1
Authors: Beineke Walter F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
About 200 grafts of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) have been made per year for the last 10 years as part of the tree improvement project at Purdue Univ. Until 1977, nearly all grafts were painted or dipped in melted paraffin (2, 3) or commercial grafting wax compounds containing sticky resins (1).
Independence of Halo, Glabrous, and Yellow-green Mutants in Muskmelon1
Authors: Nugent Perry E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The halo cotyledon mutant of musk-melon, which produced yellow cotyledons with green margins and occasionally with green midribs, was discovered in 1970 (3). Most of these cotyledons turn green within 7-14 days, and subsequent seedling growth is normal. It is a potentially useful marker for genetic studies of the species, for cultivar improvement, and for identifying chance crosses with related species. This study was undertaken to provide information on the genetic relationship of halo (h) to glabrous (gl) (2) and to yellow-green (yg) (5). Plants carrying the glabrous gene are without tricornes throughout their life and those with the yellow-green gene are light yellow-green throughout their life, although their immature fruit are normal green.
Effects of Hydrofhiosilicic Acid, Superphosphate, and Treblesuperphosphate Soil Applications on Leaf Injury in Freesia hybrida1
Authors: Gilbertson-Ferriss Terry L. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Necrotic areas along leaf margins and at leaf tips were observed on Freesia hybrida Bailey when an aqueous application of hydrofhiosilicic acid (H2SiF6) was added to the growing medium. Similar foliar symptoms occurred with the addition of superphosphate or treblesuperphosphate which contains 1.0–1.6% F as a contaminant. Tissue fluoride levels increased when H2SiF6, superphosphate or treblesuperphosphate was added to the soil.
‘Cataldo’ Everbearing Strawberry1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Benson J. A. , Dunwell Winston C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Cataldo’ is an everbearing strawberry (Fragaria ⨯ ananassa Duch.) of exceptional quality for home gardens and fresh market use in Northern Idaho. ‘Cataldo’ is named for the historic Cataldo Mission of Northern Idaho.
‘Bonavista’, ‘Elmira’, ‘Moncton’ and ‘Sydney’ Rosa rugosa ⨯ chinensis Hybrids1
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Until now, only one hybrid R. rugosa and R. chinesis has been described but it seems to have subsequently disappeared. This cross was carried out by Bruant of Poitiers before 1891 and one of the resulting seedlings was described by Andre as R. calocarpa (5).
Mechanical Harvesting of Small Fruits
Authors: Morris justn R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The research program on fruit crops at the University of Arkansas interrelates the areas of harvest mechanization, pre- and postharvest physiology and processing. This program is designed to serve a highly competitive, growing processing industry. Through cooperative research undertaken by the Departments of Horticultural Food Science and Agricultural Engineering, mechanical harvesters were developed for blackberries (refer HortScience 13:228-235) and strawberries (refer HortScience 13:000-000). Utilizing the principle of fruit abscission, blackberry fruit can be selectively mechanically harvested on a commercial basis at the rate of 1 acre per hour, while product quality is superior to hand-harvested fruit.
Developing a Mechanized System for Production, Harvesting and Handling of Strawberries1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Kattan A. A , Nelson G. S. , Cawthon D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A completely mechanized system for production, harvesting and handling strawberries (Fragaria × anassa Duch.) for processing is described. Pre-harvest cultural factors, including bed preparation, plant population, harvest date and clonal evaluation and adaptability to mechanical harvesting, were studied for 4 years. ‘Cardinal’, ‘Earlibelle’, and Arkansas breeding line A-5344 were well suited for once-over mechanical harvesting under Arkansas conditions considering yield, quality, and organoleptic evaluation. Plant population densities in the matted row system used in this study generally had little effect on yield or quality, unless a clone was of low vigor and poor runner plant producer. As harvest date was delayed, quality and useable yield often decreased. However, a minimum of a 6 day harvest period for mechanical harvesting existed for the cultivars tested. The results of this study indicate that once-over mechanical harvesting of strawberries is feasible when the proper cultivar is grown on properly shaped beds with good cultural practices and adequate postharvest handling procedures.
Airborne Fluoride Effects on Some Flowering and Landscape Plants1
Authors: Woltz S. S. , Waters W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Comparative fumigation procedures were used to evaluate the relative susceptibility of some ornamental plant species to the toxic effects of airborne fluoride in compartmentalized greenhouse chambers. Susceptibility classification was based on the speed of development of toxicity symptoms together with the specific concentrations of hydrofluoric acid vapor causing fluorosis. Symptoms of fluoride toxic effects were recorded for use in diagnosis and evaluation of damage.
Greenhouse Evaluation of the Response of Ash and Maple to Growth Inhibitors1
Authors: Ray Frank J. , King Judith A. , Goetz P. C. , Tozer W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications at 3, 6, and 9 kg ai/ha of 10 plant growth inhibitors were evaluated on 2- to 3-year-old seedlings of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) under greenhouse conditions. Effective retardation or inhibition without terminal injury was obtained on silver maple with the high rates of ancymidol and MH and the low rate of fluoridamid. Ancymidol at 6 and 9 kg ai/ha, Krenite at 9 kg ai/ha and the combination, chlorflurenol + maleic hydrazide (MH) at 3 and 6 kg ai/ha, gave the best control of stem elongation on green ash without excessive injury.
Seed Scarification to Speed Germination of Ornamental Cycads (Zamia spp.)1
Authors: Shannon Smith G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rate and percent germination of Zamia integrifolia Ait. and Z. furfuracea L.f. can be significantly improved by seed scarification. Reported germination times of up to a year or more can be reduced to 1 to 3 months under greenhouse conditions if the outer fleshy seed coat is removed and the inner stony layer scarified. Rate and percent germination vary with placement of scarification cut and species. Germination of 80 to 100% in 1 week were obtained for Z. integrifolia under laboratory conditions.
Low Temperature Increases Reducing and Total Sugar Concentrations in Leaves of Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.) and Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.)1
Authors: Sieckmann Sharlene , Boe A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total sugar concentrations in leaves increased from 22 mg/g fresh weight to 50 mg/g fresh weight on day 8 in boxwood and from 44 mg/g fresh weight to 77 mg/g fresh weight on day 6 in cranberry leaves after being exposed to temperature treatment of 7°C with 8 hour light. Similarly, reducing sugar concentrations increased from 6.5 mg/g fresh weight prior to treatment to 10.5 mg/g fresh weight on day 8 in boxwood and from 22 to 33 mg/g fresh weight in cranberry.
Fire Blight on Thornless Blackberries1
Authors: Skirvin Robert M. , Otterbacher Alan G. , Ries Steve M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first occurrence of fire blight on thornless blackberries (Rubus spp.) was reported in Illinois in 1976 (7, 8). Infections appeared either at the cane tip and proceeded basipetally, at axillary buds, causing cane girdling, or on flower/fruit clusters. Diseased portions of the canes were necrotic, purplish-black, and the tips were curved. Lesions were characteristically water-soaked and produced abundant bacterial ooze. Infected fruits did not develop to maturity, became brown, dried, very hard, and remained attached to the fruit pedicel. Frequently entire fruit clusters were infected but generally 1 or 2 fruits in each cluster escaped (Fig. 1). Mummified berries were commonly present on the 4 commercial cultivars (‘Thornfree’, ‘Dirksen Thornless’, ‘Black Satin’, and ‘Smooth-stem’) as well as several unnamed selections of similar genetic background to these cultivars. One seedling selection (SIUS 68-6-15) exhibited about 65% fruit infection. A bacterium was isolated from these fruits and from infected stems. The organism was morphologically and physiologically identical to, but pathogenically different from Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. isolates from apple and pear.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: McFarlane James C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The title, “Controlled Environments,” brings different images to different minds. To some it may create a vision of irrigation systems and wind breaks, and to others, a life support system as used in space flight. Between these extremes are many gradations in the sophistication and size of the controlled area. For instance, in some greenhouses elaborate controls provide specified conditions for entire crops, whereas in a leaf cuvette, environmental control is provided for only one leaf or perhaps only a part of a single leaf. In the context of this symposium, the subject, “Controlled Environments in Horticultural Research,” is limited to those facilities called growth chambers and growth rooms in which an attempt is made to control the temperature, humidity, and air movement, and in which light is produced by electricity rather than by sun.
The Use of Controlled Environments in Research
Authors: Kramer Paul J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Everyone who grows plants is aware of the vital role of the environment and at almost every meeting of horticulturists papers are presented describing the effects of environmental factors on plant growth. However, the environment includes so many interrelated factors (light, water, temperature, CO2, mineral nutrition, air pollutants, and pests) that it often is difficult to decide which one is producing an observed effect on growth. For example an increase in temperature often is accompanied by an increase in transpiration which may produce plant water stress. Thus it is difficult to separate the direct effect of increasing temperature on biochemical processes from the indirect effects produced by increasing plant water stress. The only way in which the effects of environmental factors on growth and yield can be analyzed effectively is by growing plants in controlled environment laboratories (phytotrons) where a particular component of the environment can be varied while all the others are held constant.
Standardization of Controlled Environment Research
Authors: Tibbitts T. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of controlled environments in the early 1950’s with sufficient radiation intensity to obtain vigorous plant growth initiated a rapid explosion of environmental research. It was an explosion that provided a decade or a decade and one-half of real excitement in plant physiology. Many light, temperature and carbon dioxide interactions were unraveled, as it was possible to vary one factor and hold all other factors of the environment constant. The controlled environment was a must for plant physiologists if their work was to have real validity.
Use of Antitranspirants to Improve Water Relations of Cineraria1
Authors: McDaniel G. L. , Bresenham Georgia L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antitranspirant chemicals Clear Spray (200 ml/liter) and Vapor Gard (50 ml/liter) significantly increased stomatal diffusive resistance in cineraria (Senecio cruentus DC.) on hot days. Foliar applications of the antitranspirants were effective in reducing plant water stresses for a period of 4 weeks. These chemicals did not have a significant effect on stomatal diffusive resistance when no water stress occurred in the plants. Foliage sprayed with these chemicals was more attractive and plants required less watering to maintain vigorous growth.
Sink Strength and Cassava Productivity1
Authors: Santos Barros Raimundo , Costa Mercês Walter , Alvim Ronald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Primary productivity in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was greater as planting density and leaf area index decreased. This is a result of a control of net assimilation rate in the leaves by sink strength of the roots, for productivity was a direct function of root system weight.
‘Patmore’ Green Ash1
Authors: Ronald Wilbert G. , Driedger Jake 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) is a North American native with a wide distribution from the Gulf of Mexico (Zone 9 A, USD A Plant Hardiness Zone Map) to the northern Great Plains and Canadian prairies (Zone 2A). A species of so wide a distribution is composed of many physiologic races adapted to mean Jan. temperatures of — 18°C and 100 frost-free days in the north, to 13° and 280 frost-free days in the south. Within its range the species demonstrates adaptation to many soil types and moisture levels.
‘Castlebrite’ Apricot1
Authors: Ramming David W. , Tanner Owen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Castlebrite’ is an early-maturing apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) for the fresh market with exceptional color and firmness. The fruit ripens toward the end of May, with ‘Pinkerton’ and about 4 weeks before ‘Blenheim’.
Tree Trunk Applicators for Sunscald Protection1
Authors: Lagerstedt H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The application of exterior white latex paint has proved useful in protecting young fruit and nut trees from summer sunscald. The common methods of paint application are by brush or spray, but brushing is time consuming and not always fully effective and spraying is wasteful of paint and the equipment is difficult to clean. The construction and use of new application ideas such as edge rollers, shake paint applicators, and paint mittens are presented.
The Effect of Delayed Storage, Slow Cooling, and Polyethylene Box Liners on ‘Mcintosh’ Breakdown1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Delays at 20°C prior to controlled atmosphere (CA) storage decreased ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) breakdown. Delayed storage did not affect the firmness of fruit unaffected by breakdown after CA storage. Polyethylene box liners decreased firmness and increased the incidence of breakdown.
A Texture Measurement Technique for Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Lidster P. D. , Porritt S. W. , Tung M. A. , Voisey P. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A rapid method for determining firmness of fruits of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) using the Ottawa Texture Measuring System is described. Firmness was determined by averaging the mean slope of force-deformation curves for 15 individual cherries per replication. Fruit of intermediate maturity was less from (P < 5%) than more immature or mature fruit Three Ca sprays applied prior to harvest firmed fruit (P < 5%) at harvest. Cherry bioyield and deformation values were not significantly influenced by fruit maturity or CaCl2 sprays at harvest
Electrophoretic Analysis of Seed Proteins of Heat-tolerant and Heat-sensitive Cultivars of Chinese Cabbage1
Authors: Zee S. -Y. , Tso M.-Y. W. , Tso W. -W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars of Chinese cabbage, Brassica campestris L. (Pekinensis group), resulted in clear, reproducible protein banding patterns. The heat-tolerant cultivars and the heat-sensitive cultivars could be easily distinguished by the relative intensities of the 2 distinct bands at the 75,000 and 85,000 molecular weight regions.
Variation in Betalaine Content among Table Beet Cultivars1
Authors: Ng Timothy J. , Lee Ya-Nien 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant differences were found in the betalaine concentrations of 12 cultivars of table beets (Beta vulgaris L.). Betacyanine concentrations ranged from 223 mg/100 g fresh weight (‘Mono King Explorer’) to 3 mg/100 g fresh weight (‘Burpee’s Golden’), and betaxanthine concentrations ranged from 91 mg/100 g fresh weight (‘Mono King Explorer’) to 33 mg/100 g fresh weight (‘Long Season’). Long Season contained the highest beta-cyanine/betaxanthine ratio while ‘Golden’ had the lowest.
The Influence of a Substituted Oxathiin on the Sugar Concentration of Carrot and Beet Roots1
Authors: Pisarczyk James M. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2,3 Dihydro-5,6 diphenyl-1,4 oxathiin (UNI-P293) had no effect upon the sugar concentration in roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and beet (Beta vulgaris L.). No visual injury to plants or reductions in yield were noted.
Airborne Fluoride Effects on Some Foliage Plants1
Authors: Woltz S. S. , Waters W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric fluoride occasionally adversely affects foliage plants, especially intolerant species. The present report describes susceptibility to airborne fluoride damage of 34 foliage plants determined by comparative fumigation in compartmentalized greenhouses using 4 steady-state levels of hydrofluoric acid gas. Toxicity symptoms were recorded for diagnostic and damage evaluation purposes relative to air pollution effects.