bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness (Zhixuan anle jing志‎玄‎安‎樂‎經‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo 
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F.	“Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Socializing Minds
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This book provides the first reconstruction of intersubjective accounts of the mind in early modern philosophy. Some phenomena are easily recognized as social or interactive: certain dances, forms of work, and rituals require interaction to come into being or count as valid. But what about mental states, such as thoughts, volitions, or emotions? Do our minds also depend on other minds? The idea that our minds are intersubjective or social seems to be a fairly recent one, developed mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries against the individualism of early modern philosophers. By contrast, this book argues that well-known early modern philosophers often even started from the idea that minds are intersubjective. How then does a mind depend on the minds of others?—Early modern philosophers are well known to have developed a number of theories designed to explain how we cognize external objects. What is hardly recognized is that early modern philosophers also addressed the problem of how our cognition is influenced by other minds. This book provides a historical and rational reconstruction of three central but different early modern accounts of the influence that minds exert on one another: Spinoza’s metaphysical model, Locke’s linguistic model, and Hume’s medical model. Showing for each model of mental interaction (1) why it was developed, (2) how it construes mind-mind relations, and (3) what view of the mind it suggests, this book aims at uncovering a crucial part of the unwritten history of intersubjectivity in the philosophy of mind.
Creating Arenas
Authors: Jasper James M. , Elliott-Negri Luke , Jabola-Carolus Isaac , Kagan Marc , Mahlbacher Jessica , Weisskircher Manès , Zhelnina Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter finds players who create new arenas rather than only using preexisting ones. In 2014, Seattle was the first major American city to pass a $15-per-hour wage law. A set of diverse players—an avowed Socialist, the owner of Seattle’s iconic Space Needle tower, many representatives of the city’s labor movement, and a newly elected mayor—wrangled in a series of old and new arenas, each making gains and incurring losses along the way, before arriving at a legislative outcome. Arena creation comes with a particular package of gains and losses: increased control for the creating player on the one hand, but corresponding losses and risks—the alienation of excluded players and increased perception of responsibility in the broader public. Owning an arena means that a player is more likely to be blamed for its failures than to be credited with its successes.
Issue Salience and Vote Choice
Authors: Stövsand Lars-Christopher , Dietz Melanie , Roßteutscher Sigrid , Scherer Philipp 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent accounts of changes in the political conflict structure assume a shift in issue salience from traditional socio-economic issues to cultural issues, which in turn is linked to recent successes of right-wing populist parties. This chapter explores whether such a change occurred in Germany and whether and how it affected voting behavior. Using survey data from the GLES, it shows that attention to cultural issues increased between 2009 and 2017, but conflicts over cultural issues had been highly important to voters already in 2009. Shifts in issue salience had a substantial impact on vote choice by, first, favoring parties with clear, unambiguous positions, and, second, altering the issue basis of voters’ decision-making. The AfD benefited directly and indirectly from the growing salience of the immigration issue, as voters concerned about this theme tended toward this party, and as the issue’s high salience also boosted voting based on positional proximity.
Ties that No Longer Bind?
Authors: Gärtner Lea , Schoen Harald , Wuttke Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Party attachments shape perceptions of the political context, but neither are they fixed nor do they completely blind supporters to political reality. When severe challenges like the European sovereign debt or refugee crises force parties to change their policies or make formerly inconsequential positions salient, party identifiers may find their policy preferences at odds with their party identification. This may lead them to adopt their party’s position. However, if inconsistent positions are sufficiently important, party identifiers may also loosen their party ties. The chapter uses survey data from the GLES campaign panels 2009–2017 to show how these crises prompted identifiers to follow the party line in some cases but more often weakened or even eroded party attachments among supporters with strong issue positions. In effect, the Euro crisis and, in particular, the refugee crisis appears to have contributed to an issue-based reshuffling of the partisan balance in German politics.
Partisan Agreement and Disagreement in Voters’ Discussant Networks
Authors: Ellerbrock Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Against the backdrop of increasing electoral fragmentation and the emergence of the right-wing populist AfD, this chapter analyzes political discussions across party lines among voters at the 2009, 2013, and 2017 German federal elections. Using a framework of “choice-within-constraints,” it examines voters’ experiences of partisan disagreement in political conversations as a result of the availability of like-minded individuals in voters’ socio-spatial contexts and the deliberate choice exercised by voters when constructing their discussant networks. Combining three modules of the GLES from 2009, 2013, and 2017 with official election results at the level of electoral districts, the analyses reveal that rising fragmentation in regional contexts increased the probability of discussions among supporters of different parties. At the same time, voters showed an increasing tendency to select like-minded discussants over voters of other parties, with AfD supporters in 2017—more than those of any other party—avoiding political discussions across party lines.
Values, Objectives, and Principles Governing the Union Competences
Authors: Lenaerts Koen , Van Nuffel Piet , Corthaut Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the European Union's values and objectives and the principles governing the EU competences. Article 2 TEU proclaims that the Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. It further adds that these values are common to the Member States 'in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail'. These values are thus protected in Union law as fundamental rights. Originally, the main objective of the European Community was the establishment of a common market. Since then, these objectives have been expanded and supplemented with non-economic objectives, which has led to the long and broad list of Union objectives currently set out in Article 3 TEU. Union competence is not so much defined according to subject matter as it is 'functionally' circumscribed to what is required by these objectives which are set out in the Treaties. The exercise of the Union's competence is further subject to compliance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and the principles of sincere cooperation and equal treatment.
Other Areas of Union Policy
Authors: Lenaerts Koen , Van Nuffel Piet , Corthaut Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter details the European Union's competence and substantive rules relating to other internal policies. It begins by discussing the protection of personal data enshrined in Article 16 TFEU which, while forming part of the 'provisions having general application' of Part One of the TFEU, also developed into an important policy field for Union action. Article 16 TFEU also entrusts the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, with the adoption of rules with regard to the processing of personal data by Union institutions, bodies, offices, and agencies, and by the Member States when carrying out activities which fall within the scope of Union law, as well as rules relating to the free movement of such data. The chapter then considers Part Three of the TFEU on 'Union policies and internal actions', which contains the legal basis for Union action in several policy areas. These policy areas include agriculture and fisheries; transport; competition; economic and monetary policy; social policy and employment; education, vocational training, youth, and sport; culture; public health and consumer protection; economic, social, and territorial cohesion and trans-European networks; industry; research and technological development and space; environment and energy; tourism and civil protection; administrative cooperation; and the implementation of the solidarity clause.
Limitations and Exceptions to the Application of the Treaties
Authors: Lenaerts Koen , Van Nuffel Piet , Corthaut Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses the limits and exceptions to the application of the Treaties. The personal scope of the Treaties covers all who come under the jurisdiction of the Member States. More generally, legislative acts adopted by the European Union institutions in the various policy areas confer rights and obligations on all natural and legal persons who come within their scope of application, often without any consideration of nationality. Such persons may invoke Union law in domestic courts against other persons or against authorities of their own or another Member State. The chapter then considers the temporal scope of the Treaties, looking at the entry into force and duration of the Treaties, as well their territorial scope. Articles 346 to 348 TFEU allow the Member States to deviate from their general Treaty obligations on grounds of internal or external security. Moreover, during the transitional period which was provided for in the European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty, a Member State could apply to the Commission for authorization to take protective measures if difficulties arose which were serious and liable to persist in any sector of the economy or which could bring about serious deterioration in the economic situation of a given area.
Judicial Protection Vis-á-Vis Member States and Private Parties
Authors: Lenaerts Koen , Van Nuffel Piet , Corthaut Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights judicial protection against the actions of national authorities and individuals. Article 19(1) TEU, which gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law affirmed in Article 2 TEU, entrusts national courts together with the Court of Justice with the responsibility for ensuring the full application of Union law in the Member States and the judicial protection that individuals derive from Union law. When a dispute involving the application of Union law arises in a Member State, it is for the national courts to apply and enforce that law. If necessary, these courts may refer a question to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling on the interpretation of Union law. If a Member State's authority fails to apply Union law correctly, there is also the possibility of raising the issue with the Commission. The Commission may start proceedings against the Member State in question under Article 258 TFEU and may ask the Court of Justice to rule that the Member State has failed to fulfil its obligations under Union law. However, national courts do not have the same possibility to cooperate with the Court of Justice with regard to Union action in the field of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP). In this field, no action may be brought against a Member State for failure to comply with Union law.
Judicial Protection Vis-à-Vis the Institutions and Bodies of the Union
Authors: Lenaerts Koen , Van Nuffel Piet , Corthaut Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews judicial protection of all those affected by the European Union's own actions. Union law rules must be upheld and applied not only within the Member States but also by the institutions and bodies of the Union itself. To this end, the Treaties have established 'a complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions'. Due to the requirement of equality of the Member States before Union law (Article 4(2) TEU), the legality of the actions of the institutions and bodies of the Union may be assessed only by the Court of Justice in accordance with Union law. In order to ensure that Union law is respected by the institutions and bodies of the Union, the Treaties provide for procedures whereby the Court of Justice may review the legality of their acts directly. In addition to these 'direct actions', there is the possibility for national courts and tribunals to ask the Court of Justice to give preliminary rulings on the validity of acts of the institutions and bodies. The chapter provides a brief description of these two forms of legal protection before assessing how the combination of the two forms constitutes a comprehensive system of legal protection.
Population Subdivision
Authors: Allendorf Fred W. , Funk W. Chris , Aitken Sally N. , Byrne Margaret , Luikart Gordon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural populations of most species are subdivided or “structured” into partially isolated local random mating populations that are called “demes.” The subdivision of a species into subpopulations means that genetic variation exists at two levels: (1) genetic variation within local populations and (2) genetic diversity between local populations. The amount of divergence among populations is a function of the amount of gene flow between populations, the effective population sizes (i.e., genetic drift), and fitness differences in different environments (i.e., natural selection). In some species, individuals are distributed continuously across large landscapes (e.g., coniferous tree species across boreal forests) and are not subdivided into discrete subpopulations by barriers to gene flow (isolation by distance). Understanding the patterns and extent of genetic divergence among populations is crucial for protecting species and developing effective conservation plans. For example, translocations may have harmful effects if the translocated individuals are genetically different from the recipient population.
Transient-absorption reprise: Taking advantage of vibrational adiabaticity
Authors: Cina Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter revisits the quantum mechanical description of transient absorption, taking account of the additional insight that is possible in systems with a timescale separation among nuclear degrees of freedom that enables a vibrationally adiabatic treatment. Illustrative calculations are performed on the same conformational/vibrational system considered in the FSRS chapter. While evidence of interaction between slow and fast modes of motion can be discerned in the transient-absorption spectrum, it is shown to be subtler and less vividly informative than the fissors signal.
Systemic Regulation of Iron Acquisition by Arabidopsis in Environments with Heterogeneous Iron Distributions
Authors: Tabata Ryo , Kamiya Takehiro , Imoto Shunpei , Tamura Hana , Ikuta Kumiko , Tabata Michika , Hirayama Tasuku , Tsukagoshi Hironaka , Tanoi Keitaro , Suzuki Takamasa , Hachiya Takushi , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nutrient distribution within the soil is generally heterogeneous. Plants, therefore, have evolved sophisticated systemic processes enabling them to optimize their nutrient acquisition efficiency. By organ-to-organ communication in Arabidopsis thaliana, for instance, iron (Fe) starvation in one part of a root drives the upregulation of a high-affinity Fe-uptake system in other root regions surrounded by sufficient levels of Fe. This compensatory response through Fe-starvation-triggered organ-to-organ communication includes the upregulation of Iron-regulated transporter 1 (IRT1) gene expression on the Fe-sufficient side of the root; however, the molecular basis underlying this long-distance signaling remains unclear. Here, we analyzed gene expression by RNA-seq analysis of Fe-starved split-root cultures. Genome-wide expression analysis showed that localized Fe depletion in roots upregulated several genes involved in Fe uptake and signaling, such as IRT1, in a distant part of the root exposed to Fe-sufficient conditions. This result indicates that long-distance signaling for Fe demand alters the expression of a subset of genes responsible for Fe uptake and coumarin biosynthesis to maintain a level of Fe acquisition sufficient for the entire plant. Loss of IRON MAN/FE-UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE (IMA/FEP) leads to the disruption of compensatory upregulation of IRT1 in the root surrounded by sufficient Fe. In addition, our split-root culture-based analysis provides evidence that the IMA3/FEP1-MYB10/72 pathway mediates long-distance signaling in Fe homeostasis through the regulation of coumarin biosynthesis. These data suggest that the signaling of IMA/FEP, a ubiquitous family of metal-binding peptides, is critical for organ-to-organ communication in response to Fe starvation under heterogeneous Fe conditions in the surrounding environment.
Phenotypic, transcriptomic and functional profiling reveal reduced activation thresholds of CD8+ T cells in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Reitsema Rosanne D , van der Geest Kornelis S M , Sandovici Maria , Jiemy William F , Graver Jacoba C , Abdulahad Wayel H , Boots Annemieke M H , Heeringa Peter , Brouwer Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence from temporal artery tissue and blood suggests involvement of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of GCA, but their exact role is poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of circulating and lesional CD8+ T cells in GCA patients.

Methods
Circulating CD8+ T cells were analysed for differentiation status (CD45RO, CCR7), markers of activation (CD69 and CD25) and proliferation (Ki-67) in 14 newly diagnosed GCA patients and 18 healthy controls by flow cytometry. Proliferative capacity of CD8+ T cells upon anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/28 in vitro stimulation was assessed. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients and controls (n = 3 each) was performed for mechanistic insight. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD3, CD8, Ki-67, TNF-α and IFN-γ in GCA-affected tissues.

Results
GCA patients had decreased numbers of circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells but the percentage of Ki-67-expressing effector memory CD8+ T cells was increased. Circulating CD8+ T cells from GCA patients demonstrated reduced T cell receptor activation thresholds and displayed a gene expression profile that is concurrent with increased proliferation. CD8+ T cells were detected in GCA temporal arteries and aorta. These vascular CD8+ T cells expressed IFN-γ but not Ki-67.

Conclusion
In GCA, circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate a proliferation-prone phenotype. The presence of CD8+ T cells in inflamed arteries seems to reflect recruitment of circulating cells rather than local expansion. CD8+ T cells in inflamed tissues produce IFN-γ, which is an important mediator of local inflammatory responses in GCA.
Reforming Star Trusts: CIBC v T and S
Authors: Stoute Graham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Section 104 of the Trusts Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands confers a jurisdiction on the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands to reform STAR Trusts on a number of grounds. STAR Trusts are a form of statutory trust unique to the Cayman Islands, which facilitate the establishment of trusts, inter alia, for charitable or non-charitable purposes. The article considers the application of the cy près doctrine, which is incorporated by reference in section 104, in the context of reforming STAR Trusts in the recent Grand Court ruling in CIBC v (1) T and (2) S. The case considered is a welcome illustration of when section 104 can be invoked, and the approach that the Cayman Islands court can be expected to adopt in considering applications to reform STAR Trusts on grounds of obsolescence.
Cell-level anatomy explains leaf age-dependent declines in mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic capacity in the evergreen Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia
Authors: Alonso-Forn David , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Ferrio Juan Pedro , García-Plazaola José Ignacio , Martín-Sánchez Rubén , Niinemets Ülo , Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Leaves of Mediterranean evergreen tree species experience a reduction in net CO2 assimilation (AN) and mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) during aging and senescence, which would be influenced by changes in leaf anatomical traits at cell level. Anatomical modifications can be accompanied by the dismantling of photosynthetic apparatus associated to leaf senescence, manifested through changes at the biochemical level (i.e., lower nitrogen investment in photosynthetic machinery). However, the role of changes in leaf anatomy at cell level and nitrogen content in gm and AN decline experienced by old non-senescent leaves of evergreen trees with long leaf lifespan is far from being elucidated. We evaluated age-dependent changes in morphological, anatomical, chemical and photosynthetic traits in Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia Lam., an evergreen oak with high leaf longevity. All photosynthetic traits decreased with increasing leaf age. The relative change in cell wall thickness (Tcw) was less than in chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space (Sc/S), and Sc/S was a key anatomical trait explaining variations in gm and AN among different age classes. The reduction of Sc/S was related to ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts associated to leaf aging, with a concomitant reduction in cytoplasmic nitrogen. Changes in leaf anatomy and biochemistry were responsible for the age-dependent modifications in gm and AN. These findings revealed a gradual physiological deterioration related to the dismantling of the photosynthetic apparatus in older leaves of Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia.