bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro Chroman‐Isoindolinones via Formal (4+2) Cycloaddition of In Situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides with 3‐Methylene Isoindolinones
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Bo , Wang You‐Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing chiral phosphoric acids as organocatalysts, a formal asymmetric (4+2) cycloaddition of 3‐methylene isoindolinone and in situ‐generated ortho‐quinone methide substrates is disclosed. This reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope with various substituted cyclic enamides and ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives to construct a series of spiro chroman‐isoindolinones containing spiro‐N,O‐heterocycles with 56 to 93% ee. This strategy demonstrates significant potential towards establishing a chiral spiro‐N,O‐aminal systems bearing two chiral carbon centers, including a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter.magnified image
High‐Performance p‐type 2D FET Based on Monolayer GeC with High Hole Mobility: A DFT‐NEGF Study
Authors: Yang Jialin , Chen Chuyao , Zhang Jingwen , Zhou Wenhan , Qu Hengze , Li Jing , Guo Tingting , Shi Xiaoqin , Wu Zhenhua , Zhang Shengli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2D materials are identified as Si alternatives for channels in next‐generation electronic devices. However, lack of high‐performance (HP) p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) acts as a block to the development of efficient complementary circuits. Here, p‐type monolayer GeC with planar structure is evaluated as a promising channel material to resolve the corresponding problems. The monolayer GeC possesses a direct bandgap of 2.07 eV with high hole mobility up to 6600 cm2 V–1 s–1. Coupling with ballistic quantum transport simulations, the results show that both n‐ and p‐FETs can hold the on‐currents exceeding 1200 µA µm–1 for HP devices. Particularly, for p‐type, the on‐currents with the channel shrinking from 10 to 3 nm can reach as high as 2991—1660 µA µm–1, which is of great value for the design of complementary circuits in 2D electronics. In addition, the figures of merits for GeC FETs, such as delay time, power dissipation, and energy‐delay product, are also assessed, fulfilling the demands of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) and the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) for HP applications. Hence, this study demonstrates great potential of 2D GeC for future competitive electronic devices.
Key phenotypes related to wheat grain yield in a two‐site multicultivar test
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Na , Wu Yuejin , Liu Binmei , Li Shiying , Tao Liangzhi , Zhan Yue , Yang Ye , Ni Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractYield performances of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars are decided by the combined effects of key phenotypes. However, it is unclear which phenotypes are the key phenotypes that determine yield. We conducted a two‐site multicultivar test in Henan and Anhui in China during the 2016‒2017 wheat growing season. The objectives were to assess the relationships between grain yield and other related phenotypes and reveal the key phenotypes related to grain yield. Grain yield and nineteen phenotypes were assessed in a field trial consisting of 28 wheat cultivars. Multivariate statistical analysis methods (e.g., principal component analysis, partial least squares model, structural equation model) were used to reveal the relationships between grain yield and other related phenotypes. Wheat phenotypes changed as a result of the differences in environment (site) and genotype (cultivar). Eleven phenotypes were identified as the key phenotypes closely related to grain yield: biomass, harvest index, spike density, leaf nitrate reductase, net photosynthetic rate, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area index, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, and transpiration rate. For analyzing the mechanisms of yield differences, multiple related phenotypes (rather than a single phenotype) should be considered.
Twenty‐year phosphorus trends in forage systems receiving aluminum sulfate‐treated poultry litter
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Moore, Philip A. , Bacon Tyler , Anderson Kelsey , Martin Jerry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdding aluminum sulfate or alum to poultry litter is a best management practice (BMP) that reduces ammonia emissions and P runoff and leaching, although its long‐term effects on forage growth and P uptake are largely unknown. The objective was to determine if reducing soluble P in litter with alum would result in forage P deficiencies or reduce yields. A 20‐yr study was conducted to determine effects of four rates of alum‐treated litter, untreated litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), as well as an unfertilized control on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) yield and P uptake. Phosphorus uptake increased as litter rates increased for both sources but was greater (P ≤ .05) for untreated litter, likely owing to high water‐extractable P in soil. Over 20 yr, both litter sources had greater P uptake than NH4NO3. Average annual yields by fertilizer source across rates were 6.92, 6.64, 5.10, and 3.38 Mg ha–1 for alum‐treated litter, untreated litter, NH4NO3, and the control, respectively. Forage yields increased with litter application rate, but there was no difference due to litter source, whereas yields were 34% lower with NH4NO3 due to soil acidification and forage P deficiency (≤0.2% P). Multiple regression indicated tall fescue P uptake was affected by total P application rate and water‐extractable phosphorus (WEP), whereas yields were influenced by N rates, Mehlich III P levels, soil pH, and precipitation. These results indicate that amending soils with alum‐treated litter does not adversely affect tall fescue yields or P utilization, therefore alum is a sustainable BMP in pasture systems.
Morphological characteristics of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in locally advanced lower rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Sasaki Takeshi , Hasegawa Hiro , Ikeda Koji , Teramura Koichi , Tsukada Yuichiro , Nishizawa Yuji , Ito Masaaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the potential of the size and aspect ratio of metastatic and non‐metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLNs) as low‐risk markers for locally advanced lower rectal cancer, without treatment by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy or LPLN dissection.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective cohort study evaluated 310 consecutive patients diagnosed with lower rectal cancer (T: T3/T4, N: any, and M: M0) who underwent curative surgery without neoadjuvant therapies between 2010 and 2018. The harvested LPLNs were categorized into groups A (metastasis‐positive lymph nodes), B (metastasis‐negative lymph nodes in the area bearing metastasis‐positive lymph nodes), C (metastasis‐negative lymph nodes in a metastasis‐negative area in metastasis‐positive patients), and D (lymph nodes in non‐metastatic patients). The main outcome measure was the relationship among lymph node size, aspect ratio, and metastasis in the LPLNs.ResultsOverall, 3962 LPLNs were harvested. The long and short axes and the aspect ratio were significantly longer and higher, respectively, in group A than in the other groups (P < .001). The aspect ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in groups C and D (P < .001). The aspect ratio in group C was significantly higher than that in group D (P < .001). Furthermore, no metastasis‐positive lymph nodes had an aspect ratio of less than 0.4. Metastasis‐positive LPLNs tended to be larger and rounder than their metastasis‐negative counterparts.ConclusionsMetastatic LPLNs in patients with lower rectal cancer are significantly larger and have a higher aspect ratio. Lymph nodes with aspect ratios of <0.4 were metastasis negative.
The evolution of human skin pigmentation: A changing medley of vitamins, genetic variability, and UV radiation during human expansion
Authors: Lucock Mark D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis review examines putative, yet likely critical evolutionary pressures contributing to human skin pigmentation and subsequently, depigmentation phenotypes. To achieve this, it provides a synthesis of ideas that frame contemporary thinking, without limiting the narrative to pigmentation genes alone. It examines how geography and hence the quality and quantity of UV exposure, pigmentation genes, diet‐related genes, vitamins, anti‐oxidant nutrients, and cultural practices intersect and interact to facilitate the evolution of human skin color. The article has a strong focus on the vitamin D‐folate evolutionary model, with updates on the latest biophysical research findings to support this paradigm. This model is examined within a broad canvas that takes human expansion out of Africa and genetic architecture into account. A thorough discourse on the biology of melanization is provided (includes relationship to BH4 and DNA damage repair), with the relevance of this to the UV sensitivity of folate and UV photosynthesis of vitamin D explained in detail, including the relevance of these vitamins to reproductive success. It explores whether we might be able to predict vitamin‐related gene polymorphisms that pivot metabolism to the prevailing UVR exposome within the vitamin D‐folate evolutionary hypothesis context. This is discussed in terms of a primary adaptive phenotype (pigmentation/depigmentation), a secondary adaptive phenotype (flexible metabolic phenotype based on vitamin‐related gene polymorphism profile), and a tertiary adaptive strategy (dietary anti‐oxidants to support the secondary adaptive phenotype). Finally, alternative evolutionary models for pigmentation are discussed, as are challenges to future research in this area.
Patent Foramen Ovale and Risk of Recurrence in Stroke of Determined Etiology
Authors: Baik Minyoul , Shim Chi Young , Gwak Seo‐Yeon , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Lee Hye Sun , Nam Chung Mo , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivePatent foramen ovale (PFO) is often found in stroke patients with determined etiologies. PFO may be the actual cause of stroke in some of them. We determined whether the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke differs with PFO status in stroke patients with determined etiologies.MethodsThis study included consecutive patients with stroke of determined etiology who underwent transesophageal echocardiography. We compared the rates of recurrent cerebral infarction in patients with versus without PFO, and according to PFO‐Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) classification.ResultsOf 2,314 included patients, 827 (35.7%) had PFO. During a median follow‐up of 4.4 years, cerebral infarction recurred in 202 (8.7%). In multivariate modified Cox regression analyses, recurrence of infarction did not significantly differ between patients with PFO and those without PFO (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–1.17, p = 0.339). Interaction analysis showed a significant effect of PFO in patients aged <65 years (adjusted p for interaction = 0.090). PFO was independently associated with a decreased risk of recurrent infarction in patients younger than 65 years (HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20–0.85, adjusted p = 0.016). Patients with probable PFO‐associated stroke on the PASCAL classification had a significantly lower risk of recurrent infarction than those without PFO (HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.10–0.97, p = 0.044).InterpretationConsidering the generally low risk of recurrence in PFO‐associated stroke, PFO may be the actual cause of stroke in some patients with determined etiologies, especially younger patients or those with PFO features of probable PFO‐associated stroke. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:596–606
Homologous and Heterologous Chiral Supramolecular Polymerization from Exclusively Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Li Chengxi , Sang Yutao , Jin Xue , Duan Pengfei , Liu Minghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmong the enticing issues of chiral origins are: how chirality is born from the initial achiral units and the mechanisms for the transfer of chiral information. In this work, by combining a physical vortex and chiral seeds, a general process is revealed to generate chiral supramolecular polymers from achiral C3‐symmetric molecules. The symmetry‐broken assemblies from the achiral molecules could work as chiral seeds to initiate the polymerization of either homologous or heterologous achiral monomers. Concomitantly, the fragmentation of the polymer caused by the vortex during the nucleation‐elongation stages is shown to enlarge the domains of the chiral nuclei and then guide the polymer to grow into the predominant helicity with a high reactivity ratio. Moreover, the chiral structural information can be stored in different forms of assemblies. These new polymerization modes will provide guidance for the preparation of chiral materials.
A diagnostically challenging case of pyelonephritis caused by Lactobacillus
Authors: Hori Erika , Nakamura Michiyo , Tamura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus have been shown to stimulate the immune system, suppress reactivity to allergens, and protect from infections; these properties underlie the use of Lactobacillus in probiotic formulations and in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. However, Lactobacillus can be independently isolated at high numbers from sites of infection and has been rarely considered as the causative agent of infections in immunocompromised individuals. We herein report the case of a 46‐year‐old female patient who developed pyelonephritis due to Lactobacillus following total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. The patient also had to fast due to postoperative vocal cord paralysis and received steroid treatment. As illustrated in the clinical course of our patient, Lactobacillus can be overlooked as a contaminant in culture samples and should be suspected as the etiology of infection especially in patients with weakened immune responses. We suggest that the detection of Lactobacillus in culture these patients might be an indication to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment without delay.
Small intestinal hamartomatous polyp due to Peutz–Jeghers syndrome in middle childhood
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Akutagawa Takashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmall‐bowel surveillance is recommended from the age of 8 years in asymptomatic individuals with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Because intussusception and risk of strangulated ileus were noted in an 11‐year‐old patient, small‐bowel surveillance should be reliably performed from the age of 8 years to avoid urgent surgery.
A Shared Prebiotic Formation of Neopterins and Guanine Nucleosides from Pyrimidine Bases
Authors: Menor‐Salván César , Burcar Bradley T. , Bouza Marcos , Fialho David M. , Fernández Facundo M. , Hud Nicholas V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of César Menor‐Salván, Facundo Fernández and Nicholas V. Hud at the University of Alcala and the Georgia Institute of Technology. The image depicts the authors contemplating the origin of pterins and guanosine nucleosides from a common precursor, with the art‐gallery setting embodying their feeling that the common synthetic pathways of these molecules in both the prebiotic world and in biochemistry is a natural work of (chemical) art. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200714.
La performance des PMEs internationales: État des lieux et pistes de recherches futures
Authors: Lamb Philippe , Darouichi Oussama , Jonczyk Sédès Claudia 
Published: June 2022

RésuméNotre étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’état des connaissances et de formuler un agenda de recherche dans le domaine de la performance des PMEs internationales. Au travers d'une revue de 231 contributions publiées entre 1993 et 2019, nous identifions (i) les principaux débats théoriques (ii) les facteurs clés de succès et mesures de la performance des PME internationales et (iii) les approches théoriques et méthodologiques utilisées dans le domaine. Sur la base de ces analyses, nous proposons une définition des facteurs de performance en fonction des cadres théoriques mobilisés ainsi qu'une vue d'ensemble des déterminants et mesures de performance identifiées dans la littérature. Parmi les voies de recherches futures, nous préconisons une perspective théorique et empirique plus holistique, une approche qualitative et longitudinale ainsi que plus de travaux portant sur des PME issues de pays émergents.
Suppressing Redox Shuttling with Lithiated Nafion‐Modified Separators for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Xie Shuyuan , Li Dan , Liu Yulong , Li Chao , Liu Jia , Xie Haiming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the employment of redox mediator (RM) is an effective strategy to reduce the overpotential by avoiding the direct electrochemical oxidization of Li2O2 during charging, an unexpected redox shuttling in Li‐O2 system leads to RM degradation and continuous deterioration of Li anode, finally resulting in a limited cycling stability. Here, a functional lithiated Nafion‐modified separator was firstly introduced to inhibit the shuttle effect by coulombic/electrostatic interactions in RM‐involved Li‐O2 batteries. The fabrication of the separator involved easily accessible raw materials and an easy‐to‐operate process, which made it suitable for large‐scale production. The enhancement of lithiated process on electrochemical properties was systematically investigated. In addition, the influence of decorated amount on cycling stability was also studied. Furthermore, the functional contribution of lithiated Nafion on inhibition of redox shuttling and the working mechanism for cells with and without as‐prepared separators were proposed. This work can give an insight into the development of functional separator (i. e., activity issue) and the suppression of parasitic reactions (i. e., selectivity issue) in Li‐O2 batteries.
Molecular features of pancreaticobiliary neoplasms: Implications for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy selection
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMolecular diagnostics has impacted the diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and selection of targeted therapy for many tumor types. While pulmonary adenocarcinomas and melanomas are among the neoplasms most associated with molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy, malignancies of the pancreaticobiliary system have also been impacted by precision medicine.MethodsWe undertook an electronic search using PubMed and Embase to review the published literature to determine what forms of molecular testing, mutations and oncogenetic pathways are associated with neoplasms of the pancreaticobiliary system. Keywords utilized were pancreas, bile duct, mutations, ERCP, FNA, KRAS, SMAD4, TP53, next‐generation sequencing, serous cystadenoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, cystic mucinous neoplasm, solid pseudo‐papillary neoplasm.ResultsA search between 1999 and 2022 yielded 6874 manuscripts. Screening of these yielded 302 more focused manuscripts of which 55 were used for the study. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is associated with a progression of mutations beginning wit KRAS mutations and ending with a set of mutations in the TP53, SMAD4, and DPC4 genes. Similar mutations are found in neoplastic mucinous cysts. Specific mutations characterize serous cystadenomas, solid, and pseudo papillary neoplasms and adenocarcinomas of the bile ducts.ConclusionsMutational analysis of cytologic specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration, and duct brushings and washings are helpful in the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary neoplasms and may supply prognostic information.
Modeling impacts of drought‐induced salinity intrusion on carbon dynamics in tidal freshwater forested wetlands
Authors: Wang Hongqing , Dai Zhaohua , Trettin Carl C. , Krauss Ken W. , Noe Gregory B. , Burton Andrew J. , Stagg Camille L. , Ward Eric J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) provide critical ecosystem services including an essential habitat for a variety of wildlife species and significant carbon sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, large uncertainties remain concerning the impacts of climate change on the magnitude and variability of carbon fluxes and storage across a range of TFFW. In this study, we developed a process‐driven Tidal Freshwater Wetlands DeNitrification‐DeComposition model (TFW‐DNDC) that has integrated new features, such as soil salinity effects on plant productivity and soil organic matter decomposition to explore carbon dynamics in the TFFW in response to drought‐induced saltwater intrusion. Eight sites along the floodplains of the Waccamaw River (USA) and the Savannah River (USA) were selected to represent the TFFW transition from healthy to moderately and highly salt‐impacted forests, and eventually to oligohaline marshes. The TFW‐DNDC was calibrated and validated using field observed annual litterfall, stem growth, root growth, soil heterotrophic respiration, and soil organic carbon storage. Analyses indicate that plant productivity and soil carbon sequestration in TFFW could change substantially in response to increased soil pore water salinity and reduced soil water table due to drought, but in interactive ways dependent on the river simulated. These responses are variable due to nonlinear relationships between carbon cycling processes and environmental drivers. Plant productivity, plant respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate, and storage in the highly salt‐impacted forest sites decreased significantly under drought conditions compared with normal conditions. Considering the high likelihood of healthy and moderately salt‐impacted forests becoming highly salt‐impacted forests under future climate change and sea‐level rise, it is very likely that the TFFW will lose their capacity as carbon sinks without up‐slope migration.
cyc‐DEP: Cyclic immunofluorescence profiling of particles collected using dielectrophoresis
Authors: Gustafson Kyle T. , Sayar Zeynep , Le Hillary , Gustafson Steven L. , Gower Austin , Modestino Augusta , Ibsen Stuart , Heller Michael J. , Esener Sadik , Eksi Sebnem E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer is a highly heterogenous disease that requires precise detection tools and active surveillance methods. Liquid biopsy assays provide an agnostic way to follow the complex trajectory of cancer, providing better patient stratification tools for optimized treatment. Here, we present the development of a low‐volume liquid biopsy assay called cyc‐DEP (cyclic immunofluorescent imaging on dielectrophoretic chip) to profile biomarkers collected on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip platform. To enable on‐chip cyclic imaging, we optimized a fluorophore quenching method and sequential rounds of on‐chip staining with fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies. cyc‐DEP allows for the quantification of a multiplex array of proteins using 25 µl of a patient plasma sample. We utilized nanoparticles from a prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cell line and a panel of six target proteins to develop our proof‐of‐concept technique. We then used cyc‐DEP to quantify blood plasma levels of target proteins from healthy individuals, low‐grade and high‐grade prostate cancer patients (n = 3 each) in order to demonstrate that our platform is suitable for liquid biopsy analysis in its present form. To ensure accurate quantification of signal intensities and comparisons between different samples, we incorporated a signal intensity normalization method (fluorescent beads) and a custom signal intensity quantification algorithm that account for the distribution of signal across hundreds of collection regions on each chip. Our technique enabled a threefold improvement in multiplicity for detecting proteins associated with fluid samples, opening doors for early detection, and active surveillance through quantification of a multiplex array of biomarkers from low‐volume liquid biopsies.