bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health system challenges and opportunities in organizing non-communicable diseases services delivery at primary healthcare level in Bangladesh: A qualitative study
Authors: Kabir Ashraful , Karim Md Nazmul , Billah Baki 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe weak health system is viewed as a major systematic obstacle to address the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in resource-poor settings. There is little information about the health system challenges and opportunities in organizing NCD services. This study examined the health system challenges and opportunities in organizing NCD services for four major NCDs (cervical cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory illnesses) at the primary healthcare (PHC) level in Bangladesh.MethodsUsing a qualitative method, data were collected from May to October 2021 by conducting 15 in-depth interviews with local healthcare providers, 14 key informant interviews with facility-based providers and managers, and 16 focus group discussions with community members. Based on a health system dynamics framework, data were analyzed thematically. Information gathered through the methods and sources was triangulated to validate the data.ResultsOrganization of NCD services at the PHC level was influenced by a wide range of health system factors, including the lack of using standard treatment guidelines and protocols, under-regulated informal and profit-based private healthcare sectors, poor health information system and record-keeping, and poor coordination across healthcare providers and platforms. Furthermore, the lack of functional referral services; inadequate medicine, diagnostic facilities, and logistics supply; and a large number of untrained human resources emerged as key weaknesses that affected the organization of NCD services. The availability of NCD-related policy documents, the vast network of healthcare infrastructure and frontline staff, and increased demand for NCD services were identified as the major opportunities.ConclusionDespite the substantial potential, the health system challenge impeded the organization of NCD services delivery at the PHC level. This weakness needs be to addressed to organize quality NCD services to better respond to the rising burden of NCDs at the PHC level.
Association between food insecurity and kidney stones in the United States: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Xi , Shi Yixiao , Wei Xin 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAlthough food insecurity is a major public health concern associated with various diseases, the relationship between food insecurity and kidney stones remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and kidney stones in the US population.Materials and methodsFour continuous cycles of data from the year 2007 to 2014 were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the current study. We utilized the Household Food Security Module to assess the food security status of individuals. The primary outcome was whether participants ever had kidney stones, and the secondary outcome was a stone recurrence. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for potential confounders was constructed to evaluate the independent association between food insecurity and kidney stones.ResultsA total of 21,914 participants were included in our analysis, with 8.8% having a history of kidney stones and 33.2% of these reporting stones recurrence. Food insecurity was associated with increased risks of kidney stones (odds ratio: 1.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.39; P = 0.010) and kidney stones recurrence (odds ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.77; P = 0.052) after adjusting for all potential confounders. In addition, participants with very low food security had 38% and 47% higher risks of kidney stones (odds ratio: 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.69; P = 0.002; P for trend = 0.009) and kidney stones recurrence (odds ratio: 1.47; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.10; P = 0.032; P for trend = 0.029), respectively.ConclusionThere exists a significant association between food insecurity and kidney stones, which reveals the significance of the improvement of food insecurity in the alleviation of kidney stone formation and recurrence.
Importance of occupation for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and COVID-19 vaccination among correctional workers in Quebec, Canada: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kronfli Nadine , Dussault Camille , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Halavrezos Alexandros , Chalifoux Sylvie , Park Hyejin , Balso Lina Del , Cheng Matthew P. , Cox Joseph 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCorrectional workers are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, determined the effects of carceral and occupational exposures on seropositivity, and explored predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among correctional workers in Quebec, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in three provincial prisons. The primary and secondary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity (Roche Elecsys® serology test) and self-reported COVID-19 vaccination status (“fully vaccinated” defined as two doses or prior infection plus one dose), respectively. Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to examine the effect of occupational variables with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Estimates are presented as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsFrom 14 July to 15 November 2021, 105/600 (18%) correctional workers tested positive across three prisons (range 11–21%); 76% were fully vaccinated. Seropositivity was affected by prison occupation (aPR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.27 for correctional officers vs. all other occupations) and low perceived concern of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition (aPR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11–2.38 for not/hardly worried vs. somewhat/extremely worried). Predictors of being fully vaccinated included race/ethnicity (aPR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.99 for visible minority vs. White), presence of comorbidities (aPR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28 for &gt; 2 vs. none), and prison occupation (aPR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92 for correctional officers vs. all other occupations).ConclusionsCorrectional officers were most likely to have acquired SARS-CoV-2, but least likely to be vaccinated, underscoring the importance of addressing both occupational risks and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to mitigate future outbreaks.
Prevalence of syphilis and risk factors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Guangdong province
Authors: Zhao Peizhen , Yang Ziying , Zhang Ye , Chen Jinmei , Fu Xuezhen , Tang Weiming , Zhou Jiyuan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) tend to have high syphilis incidence. Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of syphilis and determine the risk factors of syphilis among HIV-positive MSM.MethodsA cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was performed among HIV-positive MSM in six cities of Guangdong Province from June 2020 to August 2021. Participants completed a survey including social-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and self-reported syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human papillomavirus statuses after HIV diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with syphilis and sexually transmitted diseases (STD).ResultsAmong 944 HIV-positive MSM, 141 (14.9, 95% CI: 12.7–17.2%) men had syphilis and 220 (23.3, 95% CI: 20.6–26.0%) men had STD. Multivariate analysis indicated that MSM who met male sexual partners mainly through traditional meeting places (spa or bath house, sauna, foot or body massage parlor) in the last 6 months [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.09–7.79], and who were diagnosed with herps after the HIV diagnosis (aOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.16–12.39) were more likely to have syphilis. In addition, MSM who met male sexual partners mainly through traditional meeting places in the last 6 month (aOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.01–6.42), and who had more than one male sexual partner in the last 6 months (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.17–3.02) were more likely to have STD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of syphilis and other STDs is relatively high among HIV-positive MSM in southern China. Routine syphilis screening as a part of HIV monitoring among HIV-positive MSM will have important epidemiological significance for the management of infected patients, and can help reduce the spread of syphilis.
Preferences, beliefs, and attitudes about oral fluid and blood-based HIV self-testing among truck drivers in Kenya choosing not to test for HIV
Authors: Mantell Joanne E. , Khalifa Aleya , Christian Stephanie N. , Romo Matthew L. , Mwai Eva , George Gavin , Strauss Michael , Govender Kaymarlin , Kelvin Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionClinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa support that HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase testing rates in difficult-to-reach populations. However, trials mostly evaluate oral fluid HIVST only. We describe preferences for oral fluid vs. blood-based HIVST to elucidate prior trial results and inform testing programs.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a HIVST randomized controlled trial in Nakuru County, Kenya, which aimed to test the effect of choice between oral HIVST and facility-based testing compared to standard-of-care on HIV testing among truck drivers. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with purposively sampled trial participants who declined HIV testing at baseline or who were offered access to oral fluid HIVST and chose not to pick up the kit during follow-up. IDIs were conducted with all consenting participants. We first describe IDI participants compared to the other study participants, assessing the statistical significance of differences in characteristics between the two samples and then describe preferences, beliefs, and attitudes about HIVST biospecimen type expressed in the IDIs.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 16 men who refused HIV testing at baseline and 8 men who did not test during follow-up. All IDI participants had tested prior to study participation; mean number of years since last HIV test was 1.55, vs. 0.98 among non-IDI participants (p = 0.093). Of the 14 participants who answered the question about preferred type of HIVST, nine preferred blood-based HIVST, and five, oral HIVST. Preference varied by study arm with four of five participants who answered this question in the Choice arm and five of nine in the SOC arm preferring blood-based HIVST. Six key themes characterized truckers' views about test type: (1) Rapidity of return of test results. (2) Pain and fear associated with finger prick. (3) Ease of use. (4) Trust in test results; (5) fear of infection by contamination; and (6) Concerns about HIVST kit storage and disposal.ConclusionWe found no general pattern in the themes for preference for oral or blood-based HIVST, but if blood-based HIVST had been offered, some participants in the Choice arm might have chosen to self-test. Offering choices for HIVST could increase testing uptake.
Determinants of gestational syphilis among women attending prenatal care programs in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Uchôa Thais Lopes do Amaral , Araújo Eliete da Cunha , da Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo , Valois Rubenilson , Azevedo Junior Wanderson Santiago de , Nascimento Valéria Gabriele Caldas , Aben-Athar Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis , Parente Andressa Tavares , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere was a high proportion of pregnant women who were attending prenatal care who were not tested for syphilis or tested but not treated, among priority countries. The coverage for prenatal care visits, syphilis screening, and treatment are priority indicators for monitoring of the elimination of syphilis. The aim was to determine the factors associated with gestational syphilis among postpartum women who were in a prenatal care program in the Brazilian Amazon.MethodsAn unmatched case–control study was conducted at the hospital in Brazil. Data collection was carried out from November 2020 to July 2021 during hospitalization using a pretested structured questionnaire. The criteria for selection of cases and control followed the guidelines established by the Ministry of Health of Brazil; postpartum women with a laboratory diagnosis based on treponemal and/or nontreponemal tests, symptoms of syphilis or asymptomatic, treatment or not treated, and in a prenatal care program. Gestational syphilis cases were identified as women who tested positive for syphilis, and those who tested negative were controls, at minimally one prenatal care visit, childbirth, and/or the puerperium. The sample size encompassed 59 cases and 118 controls (1: 2 ratio of cases to controls). Data were analyzed using Minitab 20® and BioEstat 5.3® software. The odds ratio was calculated by multiple logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-seven postpartum women were included in the study, 59 cases and 118 controls. Among all participants, 95.5% (169) were tested for syphilis in any trimester during pregnancy and at the delivery and 4.5% (8) were tested in the maternity only, at the time childbirth and/or puerperium. The final multiple logistic regression model evidenced that cases had higher odds compared to controls if they had past history of sexually transmitted infections (AOR: 55.4; p: 0.00), difficulty talking about condom use with their sexual partner (AOR: 4.92; p: 0.01), one to six prenatal care visits (AOR: 4.93; p: 0.01), had not received a sexually transmitted infections test result in the maternity hospital (AOR: 4.09; p: 0.04), lower monthly income (AOR: 4.32; p: 0.04), or one to three miscarriages (AOR: 4.34; p: 0.01).ConclusionThe sociodemographic, programmatic, obstetric, and sexual factors are associated with gestational syphilis among postpartum women.
The value of completion residual lung resection in ipsilateral recurrent non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Yong , Wang Yichao , Wan Ziwei , Qin Xiong , Zhu Yuming , Sheng Bingyong , Zhao Xiaogang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRecurrence is one of the most important challenges to manage lung cancer. Selected patients might be candidates for resection. This study assessed the outcomes and hazard factors of patients after completion of lung resection for recurrence, focusing specifically on postrecurrence survival (PRS) and overall survival (OS) after surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 63 patients who underwent complete pulmonary resection for recurrence between January 2015 and December 2018. Inclusion criteria include potentially curative first resection for primary lung cancer, histologically proven recurrent or new malignancy, and complete pathological report after both operations. PRS and OS were assessed and the influence of patient and treatment features on these endpoints was evaluated.ResultsMost of the patients recurred at stage IIIA, and nearly three-fourth received complete pneumonectomy. The overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 95% and 75%, whereas the overall 2- and 5-year postrecurrence survival rates were 55% and 36%, respectively. No patient died within 30 or 90 days after completion of residual lung resection, and no serious complications occurred during follow-up. Upon selection of clinically important variables by the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the r-stage [hazard ratio (HR), 3.35; 95% CI, 1.11–10.10; P = 0.03] and stage of primary tumor (HR, 6.26; 95% CI, 2.00–19.55; P &lt; 0.01) were hazard factors for PRS and OS respectively.ConclusionsComplete pulmonary resection is an acceptable option in selected patients with recurrent lung cancer after surgery. The patients with r-stage earlier than IIIA may benefit from completion pulmonary resection but not IIIB. Completion pneumonectomy failed to significantly prolong the OS. The OS in the enrolled cases was mainly affected by the p-TNM stage assessed by the first resection for primary lung cancer.
The risk factors of low anterior resection syndrome after colorectal cancer surgery: A retrospective study of 566 patients in a single institution in China
Authors: Ri HyokJu , Kang HaoNan , Xu ZhaoHui , Kim KunHyok , Ren YanYing , Gong ZeZhong , Chen Xin 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to identify the independent risk factors in the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodThis was a retrospective, single-institution study in the Second Affiliation Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China. Patients underwent sphincter-preserving low anterior resection with total or partial mesorectal resection (with or without protective ileostomy) and completed a self-filled questionnaire over the phone to assess postoperative bowel dysfunction from January 2017 to December 2019. The predictors of LAR were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultThe study population was 566 patients, 264 (46.64%), 224 (39.58%), and 78 (13.78%) patients with no, minor, and major LARS, respectively. In the univariate analysis, independent factors such as tumor location and size, anastomotic height, protective ileostomy, post-operation chemoradiotherapy, tumor T stage, lymphatic nodal metastasis classification, surgery duration, and time interval for closure of stoma were significantly associated with LARS points while we found the tumor T stage and lymphatic nodal metastasis classification as the new independent risk factors compared with the last decade studies. In the multivariate analysis, factors such as low and middle tumor location and protective ileostomy, and post operation treatment, nodal metastasis classification were the independent risk factors for major LARS.ConclusionThe new independence risk factors were tumor T stage and lymphatic nodal metastasis status in univariate analysis in our study, with anastomotic height, low and middle tumor location, protective ileostomy, post-operation chemoradiotherapy, nodal metastasis status increasing LARS point in multivariate analysis after surgery for CRC.
Global Existence of Bounded Solutions for Eyring–Powell Flow in a Semi-Infinite Rectangular Conduct
Authors: Rahman Saeed ur , Palencia Jose Luis Diaz , Tariq Nomaq , Salgado Sánchez Pablo , Gonzalez Julian Roa 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the present study is to obtain regularity results and existence topics regarding an Eyring–Powell fluid. The geometry under study is given by a semi-infinite conduct with a rectangular cross section of dimensions L×H. Starting from the initial velocity profiles (u10,u20) in xy-planes, the fluid flows along the z-axis subjected to a constant magnetic field and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The global existence is shown in different cases. First, the initial conditions are considered to be squared-integrable; this is the Lebesgue space (u10,u20)∈L2(Ω), Ω=[0,L]×[0,H]×(0,∞). Afterward, the results are extended for (u10,u20)∈Lp(Ω), p>2. Lastly, the existence criteria are obtained when (u10,u20)∈H1(Ω). A physical interpretation of the obtained bounds is provided, showing the rheological effects of shear thinningand shear thickening in Eyring–Powell fluids.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING VARIOUS TYPES OF RICE ON CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS
Authors: Pranata Chandra , Silalahi Jansen , . Yuandani , Cintya H 
Published: November 2022

Beras adalah salah satu makanan pokok di Indonesia yang mempunyai kandungan karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi antara 70 – 80 %. Zaman sekarang ada berapa cara untuk mengelolah beras menjadi nasi yakni dengan cara kukus dan menggunakan ricecooker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menetukan kadar karbohidrat pada beras putih, beras merah dan beras hitam sebelum dan sesudah mengalami pengolahan menggunakan metode luff schrool. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan karbohidrat dari beras putih, beras merah dan beras hitam sebelum dan sesudah mengalami pengolahan maka didapatkan hasil pemeriksaan sebelum mengalami pengolahan kadar karbohidrat tertinggi adalah pada beras putih 52,56 ± 0,20 % dan terendah beras hitam 40,47 ± 0,20 %, sedangkan jika dilihat dari cara pengolahan untuk kadar karbohidrat terendah terdapat pada beras hitam kukus dengan kadar 6,00± 0,20% sementara tertinggi pada beras putih ricecooker 14,00 ±1,4 % sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa adanya pengaruh pengolahan dalam penurunan kadar karbohidrat dalam beras.
Kata Kunci: Karbohidrat, Pengolahan, Beras
Arus Baru Politik Islam: Pluralisme, Kontestasi, dan Demokratisasi
Authors: Adib Muhammad , Qomari Nur 
Published: November 2022

The recently political contestations in the Muslim world confirmed a new wave of Islamic politics. The political dynamics that have revolved so quickly and surprisingly, especially in non-Arab countries, are evidence that questioning the harmony between Islam and democracy, pluralism and human rights is no longer relevant. Even though it is not monolithic and is still in the “process of becoming”, the political dynamics that are revolving in a number of Muslim-majority countries actually lead to the same goal, namely the realization of a democratic and civilized politics.
Keywords: Political Contestation, Democratization, Process of Becoming
Belajar dari Fenomena Maw?l?
Authors: Puadi Hairul , Nur Qomari  
Published: November 2022

Maw?l? was born from the oppression and discrimination of the Umayyad Regime. They emerged as a new political force and as an opposition which eventually helped to overthrow the Umayyad Dynasty. This is a further result of the Bani Umayyad's political policies in upholding Arab supremacy over the non-Arab Muslim community. Realized or not, sharp segregation and separation in terms of social, economic up to worship (ritual) gave birth to a new phenomenon in the world of the political arena of the Umayyad regime. Arab supremacy can indeed be enforced, but greater movement and strength in their bodies are ready to tear them down at any time.
The oppression, discrimination and treatment as a second class society under the domination of the Arab Muslims they received not only made them hate the Umayyad regime but moreover they were anti-Arab; trying to oppose the Arabism system.
KEDUDUKAN HADIS DALAM PENETAPAN HUKUM
Authors: Wahab Fatkhul 
Published: November 2022

Hadis atau sunnah merupakan segala aktivitas Rasulullah SAW. baik yang berupa perbuatan, ucapan atau diamnya beliau terhadap sesuatu perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh para sahabat. Segala aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah saw, sebagian ulama memandang sebagai suatu perbuatan hukum yang harus diamalkan oleh umatnya. tetapi sebagian ulama lainnya berpendapat bahwa yang mempunyai kaitan hukumlah yang ditetapkan sebagai hukum yang harus diamalkan. Sedangkan yang tidak berkaitan dengan hukum dipandang sebagai perbuatan sunnah. Hadis merupakan sumber hukum Islam kedua setelah Alquran yang dijadikan pegangan atau hujjah bagi umat Islam. Oleh karena itu, hadis menjadi pegangan atau hujjah dalam menetapkan suatu hukum yang tidak ada di dalam nash Alquran. Hadis yang dijadikan sumber hukum, para ulama sepakat memberikan kreteria yang ketat, hal ini karena hadis merupakan pedoman bagi umat Islam untuk menjalani dan melaksanakan perintah-perintah Allah baik yang berhubungan dengan ibadah ritual maupun ibadah sosial. Pengetatan yang dilakukan oleh para ulama ini bermaksud agar terhindar dari hadis-hadis palsu yang bertebaran di masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang demi kepentingan dirinya dan golongannya. Karena itu para ulama mengklasifikasikan hadis menjadi tiga macam yaitu : hadis shahih, hadis hasan dan hadis dhaif. Sedangkan dari segi penerimaannya, para ulam membagi hadis menjadi dua yakni hadis mutawatir dan hadis ahad