bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Pseudopregnancy in a Bitch
Authors: Ukwueze C. S. , Raheem K. A. 
Published: January 2022

A case of pseudopregnacy was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria. Eighteen (18) months old bitch weighing 15kg was presentedclinical signs suspected to be pseudopregnacy, which was observed four weeks after the bitch came on heat (estrus). The clinical signs observed were restlessness, anorexia, aggression, nesting behaviour and licking of mammary gland. On clinical examination it was observed that bitch had enlarged mammary glands and milk secretion. The physiological parameters were found to be within the normal range. Abdominal palpation, ultrasonography and vagina cytology were carried out to confirm pregnancy. Due to absence of foetuses on abdominal palpation and ultrasonography and presence of scanty epithelial cells in vaginal cytology, it was confirmed and concluded to be a case of pseudopregnancy. Causes, treatment and other associated factors with pseudopregnancy were further discussed.
Randomized Controlled Study of a Training Program for Knee and Shoulder Arthrocentesis on Procedural Simulators with Assessment on Cadavers
Authors: Bretagne Vincent , Delapierre Alice , Cerasuolo Damiano , Bellot Anne , Marcelli Christian , Guillois Bernard 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe study objective was to assess the efficacy of simulators in improving the competence of students in performing a knee and shoulder arthrocentesis on cadavers and to determine the minimum number of simulator training procedures needed to achieve competence in arthrocentesis.MethodsTwo groups of 15 medical students were each trained to perform a single joint arthrocentesis (“knee group” and “shoulder group”) on a simulator to serve as a control for the other. The two groups received the same theoretical training (anatomy, arthrocentesis techniques, ultrasound, and hybrid simulation). Each student punctured the two joints on a cadaver. A student was considered “competent on the cadaver” if they succeeded at two or more arthrocentesis procedures out of the three tests on the joint on which they were trained. The minimum threshold value to be competent was calculated by a receiver operating characteristic curve and the Youden index. An assessment of theoretical knowledge and confidence level in joint arthrocentesis was carried out at the start and end of the study.ResultsTwenty‐two out of 29 students (75.8%) achieved competence in arthrocentesis at the joint for which they were trained. Of the students in the knee group, 79% were competent on the cadaver’s knee versus 60% of the students in the shoulder group (P = 0.43). Of students in the shoulder group, 74% were competent on the cadaver’s shoulder versus 57% of students in the knee group (P = 0.45). Four training punctures on a simulator are necessary to achieve competence on a cadaver. The students’ confidence level in arthrocentesis increased significantly during the study, as did the students’ theoretical knowledge.ConclusionKnee and shoulder arthrocentesis success rates were not statistically different between the two training groups. A minimum number of 4.0 training arthrocentesis on a simulator is needed to achieve competency on a cadaver.
Electronic Properties and Carrier Dynamics at the Alloy Interfaces of WS2xSe2−2x Spiral Nanosheets
Authors: Peng Jiangbo , Yang Dongcheng , Ren Caixia , Jiang Ying , Zhu Xiaoli , Jing Fangli , Qiu Hailong , Liu Hongjun , Hu Zhanggui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectronic properties at the interfaces between different‐composition domains of 2D‐alloys are key for their optical, electronic, and optoelectronic applications. Understanding the interfacial electronic structures and carrier dynamics is essential for designing and fabricating devices that use these alloys. Here, WS2xSe2−2x spiral nanosheets are prepared using the physical vapor deposition method, and the nonlinear optical and electronic properties, as well as the carrier dynamics at the interfaces between the WS and WSe domains, are studied. Second‐harmonic generation tests demonstrate that these nanosheets exhibit a very strong layer‐dependent nonlinear optical effect. Atomic‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) measurements reveal that S and Se atoms are non‐uniformly distributed, forming WS domains, WSe domains, and defect‐related areas. Atomic STM images and STS maps reveal enhanced local density of states by electron scattering at the WS/WSe interfaces, providing a detailed nanoscale interpretation of the S/Se‐ratio‐dependent lifetimes observed in pump–probe spectroscopy measurements. This work provides valuable interfacial characterization of 2D‐alloy materials, using state‐of‐the‐art methods with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The obtained insights are likely to be useful for prospective applications.
Interfacing Si‐Based Electrodes: Impact of Liquid Electrolyte and Its Components
Authors: Wölke Christian , Sadeghi Bahareh A. , Eshetu Gebrekidan G. , Figgemeier Egbert , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the demand for mobile energy storage devices has steadily increased during the past decades due to the rising popularity of portable electronics as well as the continued implementation of electromobility, energy density has become a crucial metric in the development of modern batteries. It was realized early on that the successful utilization of silicon as negative electrode material in lithium‐ion batteries would be a quantum leap in improving achievable energy densities due to the roughly ten‐fold increase in specific capacity compared to the state‐of‐the‐art graphite material. However, being an alloying type material rather than an intercalation/insertion type, silicon poses numerous obstacles that need to be overcome for its successful implementation as a negative electrode material with the most prominent one being its extreme volume changes on (de‐)lithiation. While, as of today, a plethora of different types of Si‐based electrodes have been reported, a universally common feature is the interface between Si‐based electrode and electrolyte. This review focuses on the knowledge gained thus far on the impact of different liquid electrolyte components/formulations on the interfaces and interphases encountered at Si‐based electrodes.
Superhydrophobic Lubrication: Gas–Liquid Bilayer Reduces the Friction Between Two Solids
Authors: Nurmi Heikki A. , Yu Cunming , Toptunov Dmytro , Ras Robin H.A. , Jokinen Ville 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLubrication is one of the most important ways to reduce the effect of friction, which is the single largest cause for energy losses in society. Typically, friction reduction is done by lubrication with petroleum‐based oils, while technology focus is shifting toward environmentally‐friendly green lubrication. Lowest friction coefficients with water‐based lubrication have previously been achieved with smooth surfaces such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride or polyzwitterionic polymer brushes with typical coefficients of friction in the order of 0.002. Here, a novel concept for green lubrication using a bilayer of water and ambient air acting as the lubricant between a hydrophilic and superhydrophobic surface is shown. This method achieves superlubricity with friction coefficients down to 0.002 as measured with oscillating tribometer and tilting stage. In addition, possible applications for superhydrophobic lubrication such as tunable lubrication and a 2D mouse treadmill, are shown.
Ultrathin Paper Microsupercapacitors for Electronic Skin Applications
Authors: Say Mehmet Girayhan , Sahalianov Ihor , Brooke Robert , Migliaccio Ludovico , Głowacki Eric D. , Berggren Magnus , Donahue Mary J. , Engquist Isak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltrathin devices are rapidly developing for skin‐compatible medical applications and wearable electronics. Powering skin‐interfaced electronics requires thin and lightweight energy storage devices, where solution‐processing enables scalable fabrication. To attain such devices, a sequential deposition is employed to achieve all spray‐coated symmetric microsupercapacitors (μSCs) on ultrathin parylene C substrates, where both electrode and gel electrolyte are based on the cheap and abundant biopolymer, cellulose. The optimized spraying procedure allows an overall device thickness of ≈11 µm to be obtained with a 40% active material volume fraction and a resulting volumetric capacitance of 7 F cm−3. Long‐term operation capability (90% of capacitance retention after 104 cycles) and mechanical robustness are achieved (1000 cycles, capacitance retention of 98%) under extreme bending (rolling) conditions. Finite element analysis is utilized to simulate stresses and strains in real‐sized μSCs under different bending conditions. Moreover, an organic electrochromic display is printed and powered with two serially connected μ‐SCs as an example of a wearable, skin‐integrated, fully organic electronic application.
Primary breakup of shear‐thickening suspension jet by an annular air jet
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yu , Zhao Hui , Li Wei‐Feng , Xu Jian‐Liang , Liu Hai‐Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn experimental investigation is conducted to study the influence of shear‐thickening behavior on the primary breakup process of suspension jets. The primary breakup morphologies of cornstarch–water suspension are observed via a high‐speed camera. The unique hardened breakup mode only occurs when the suspension exhibits discontinuous shear thickening (DST). During hardened breakup mode, the oscillating portion of the suspension jet becomes perpendicular to the air direction and keeps cylindrical instead of deforming into a thin sheet or membrane structure. The suspension jets break off into large pieces rather than tiny droplets. The dimensionless number N is established to describe the relative magnitude of the increment of the viscous force and aerodynamic force during the primary breakup process. The primary breakup regime map of Newtonian fluids and shear‐thickening suspensions is also promoted based on the dimensionless number N and the Weber number We.
Healthcare utilization among youth with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobile type
Authors: Williams Sara E. , Tran Susan T. , Lynch‐Jordan Anne , Goldschneider Kenneth R. , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Neilson Derek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEhlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of connective tissue. EDS hypermobility type (EDS‐HT), characterized by joint hypermobility, is most common and increasingly recognized in pediatrics. Treatment involves protecting joints, preventing injuries, and managing symptoms/comorbidities. Pediatric EDS‐HT patients often see multiple medical providers; however, data on healthcare utilization (HCU) in this population are lacking. This retrospective, electronic chart review examines HCU data 1 year prior and subsequent to a new diagnosis of EDS‐HT using Villefranche criteria. Demographics, diagnoses, and HCU (office visits, therapies, hospital encounters/procedures, and tests) were obtained for N = 102 youth attending a Connective Tissue Disorder Clinic over a 21‐month timeframe. After EDS‐HT diagnosis, HCU patterns shifted to reflect greater involvement of therapy (physical, psychological, and occupational) and symptom management. More genetics, rheumatology, and orthopedics visits occurred prediagnosis, and more physical therapy, pain management, cardiology, and neurology visits occurred postdiagnosis. Testing and hospital encounter/procedure frequencies did not change. Overall, the pattern of HCU changed from diagnostic to treatment, in accordance with evidence‐based EDS‐HT care. Understanding HCU patterns of pediatric patients with EDS‐HT can elucidate patient interaction with the health care system, with the potential to inform and improve the standard of care.
Monosomy 1p36: Report of a cohort of 13 Asian Indian patients
Authors: Gupta Neerja , Kaur Ravneet , Phadke Shubha , Sharma Pankaj , Nampoothiri Sheela , Saxena Deepti , Kabra Madhulika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonosomy 1p36 is one of the common microdeletion syndromes with a recognizable facial phenotype. Failure to thrive, developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and other abnormalities are common in these patients. This is the first study on Asian Indian patients with monosomy 1p36, documenting the phenotypic characteristics of 13 patients, indicating phenotypic similarities in a diverse population and broadening the clinical spectrum.
Constant‐Roll Inflation in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory
Authors: Garnica Juan C. , Gómez L. Gabriel , Navarro Andrés A. , Rodríguez Yeinzon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe generalized SU(2) Proca theory (GSU2P) is a variant of the well known generalized Proca theory where the vector field belongs to the Lie algebra of the SU(2) group of global transformations under which the action is made invariant. New interesting possibilities arise in this framework because of the existence of new interactions of purely non‐Abelian character and new configurations of the vector field resulting in spatial spherical symmetry and the cosmological dynamics being driven by the propagating degrees of freedom. We study the 2D phase space of the system that results when the cosmic triad configuration is employed in the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker background and find an attractor curve whose attraction basin both covers almost all the allowed region and does not include a Big‐Bang singularity. Such an attractor curve corresponds to a primordial inflationary solution that has the following characteristic properties: 1) it is a de Sitter solution whose Hubble parameter is regulated by a generalized version of the SU(2) group coupling constant, 2) it is constant‐roll including, as a limiting case, the slow‐roll variety, 3) a number of e‐folds is easily reached, 4) it has a graceful exit into a radiation dominated period powered by the canonical kinetic term of the vector field and the Einstein–Hilbert term. The free parameters of the action are chosen such that the tensor sector of the theory is the same as that of general relativity at least up to second‐order perturbations, thereby avoiding the presence of ghost and Laplacian instabilities in the tensor sector as well as making the gravity waves propagate at light speed. This is a proof of concept of the interesting properties that could be found in this scenario when the coupling constants be replaced by general coupling functions and more terms be discovered in the GSU2P.
Preparation and properties of a fluorinated epoxy resin with low dielectric constant
Authors: Li Jinzhao , Chen Mengdi , Wang Yuechuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDemand for electronic materials with improved dielectric properties are increasing. One of the ways to reduce the dielectric constant is to incorporate fluorine atoms. In this article, a novel fluorinated epoxy resin (diglycidol ether of 2,4‐bis (1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl) fluorobenzene (FB‐EP)) with 45.7 wt% fluorine content was synthesized from fluorobenzene, epichlorohydrin and hexafluoroacetone. The structures of desired monomers were characterized by NMR and FTIR. The epoxy resin FB‐EP was cured by copolymerization with hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and by homopolymerization catalyzed with boron trifluoride ethylamine (BF3MEA), respectively. The curing reaction kinetics of the fluorinated epoxy and the properties of the cured materials were studied in comparison with those of common diglycidol ether epoxy resin (BADGE). The results of curing activation energy indicate that FB‐EP is reactive as the BADGE, and the four‐trifluoromethyl groups on FB‐EP do not negatively affect the cationic polymerization reactivity of the epoxy groups. The cured FB‐EP materials had lower moisture absorption, and especially lower dielectric constant (Dk, 2.23) and lower dielectric loss (Df, 0.011) in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. This article provides a base for further study of fluorinated epoxy resin as advanced electronic materials.
‘Coming together to awaken our democracy’: Examining precursors of emergent social identity and collective action among activists and non‐activists in the 2019–2020 ‘Chile despertó’ protests
Authors: Pozzi Maura , Passini Stefano , Chayinska Maria , Morselli Davide , Ellena Adriano Mauro , Włodarczyk Anna , Pistoni Carlo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy integrating the insights from social identity research on collective action, this article examines the social‐psychological mechanisms behind the emergence of the 2019–20 ‘Chile despertó’ social movement, a major Latin American revolt against the government's price hikes. Using survey data collected among Chilean activists (N = 549) and non‐activists (i.e., members of broader society, N = 234), we analyse two major explanatory collective action frameworks: that is, the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and the encapsulation model of the social identity of collective action (EMSICA). Multi‐group SEM with latent variables revealed that the EMSICA was slightly better suited as compared to SIMCA to explain collective action on behalf of newly formed collective identities. As concerns prosocial disobedience, these attitudes predicted collective action intentions indirectly through social identification among both activists and non‐activists. The indirect effects of moral outrage were found to be more pronounced in non‐activists, whereas perceived collective efficacy had stronger direct mobilizing effects among activists. The discussion highlights the importance of studying individuals' prosocial disobedience attitudes within social identity models of collective action. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Air Stability and Interfacial Compatibility of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Cai Yinghui , Li Chunli , Zhao Zhikun , Mu Daobin , Wu Borong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) possess higher ionic conductivity compared to commonly used oxide electrolytes, and are expected to enable high‐safety, high‐energy‐density solid‐state batteries. However, the air sensitivity and interface instability of SSEs greatly limit their applications. Herein, research on the stability of SSEs is reviewed. The mechanisms for the air and interface instability of the SSEs are revealed. In addition, methods to improve the stability of SSEs are discussed. The air stability of SSEs is closely related to their structures, which can be modified by chemical or physical interactions to tackle the problem. Interface instability induced by physical contact, interface side reactions, and other issues between SSEs and electrodes is another problem, hindering their commercialization. An in‐depth understanding of SSEs is offered as well as the prospects of SSEs.
Identification of polo‐like kinase 1 as a therapeutic target in murine lupus
Authors: Li Yaxi , Wang Hongting , Zhang Zijing , Tang Chenling , Zhou Xinjin , Mohan Chandra , Wu Tianfu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe signalling cascades that contribute to lupus pathogenesis are incompletely understood. We address this by using an unbiased activity‐based kinome screen of murine lupus.MethodsAn unbiased activity‐based kinome screen (ABKS) of 196 kinases was applied to two genetically different murine lupus strains. Systemic and renal lupus were evaluated following in vivo PLK1blockade. The upstream regulators and downstream targets of PLK1 were also interrogated.ResultsMultiple signalling cascades were noted to be more active in murine lupus spleens, including PLK1. In vivo administration of a PLK1‐specific inhibitor ameliorated splenomegaly, anti‐dsDNA antibody production, proteinuria, BUN and renal pathology in MRL.lpr mice (P < 0.05). Serum IL‐6, IL‐17 and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) were significantly decreased after PLK1 inhibition. PLK1 inhibition reduced germinal centre and marginal zone B cells in the spleen, but changes in T cells were not significant. In vitro, splenocytes were treated with anti‐mouse CD40 Ab or F(ab’)2 fragment anti‐mouse IgM. After 24‐h stimulation, IL‐6 secretion was significantly reduced upon PLK1 blockade, whereas IL‐10 production was significantly increased. The phosphorylation of mTOR was assessed in splenocyte subsets, which revealed a significant change in myeloid cells. PLK1 blockade reduced phosphorylation associated with mTOR signalling, while Aurora‐A emerged as a potential upstream regulator of PLK1.ConclusionThe Aurora‐A → PLK1 → mTOR signalling axis may be central in lupus pathogenesis, and emerges as a potential therapeutic target.
Why did the Wolbachia transinfection cross the road? drift, deterministic dynamics, and disease control
Authors: Turelli Michael , Barton Nicholas H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaternally inherited Wolbachia transinfections are being introduced into natural mosquito populations to reduce the transmission of dengue, Zika, and other arboviruses. Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility provides a frequency-dependent reproductive advantage to infected females that can spread transinfections within and among populations. However, because transinfections generally reduce host fitness, they tend to spread within populations only after their frequency exceeds a critical threshold. This produces bistability with stable equilibrium frequencies at both 0 and 1, analogous to the bistability produced by underdominance between alleles or karyotypes and by population dynamics under Allee effects. Here, we analyze how stochastic frequency variation produced by finite population size can facilitate the local spread of variants with bistable dynamics into areas where invasion is unexpected from deterministic models. Our exemplar is the establishment of wMel Wolbachia in the Aedes aegypti population of Pyramid Estates (PE), a small community in far north Queensland, Australia. In 2011, wMel was stably introduced into Gordonvale, separated from PE by barriers to A. aegypti dispersal. After nearly 6 years during which wMel was observed only at low frequencies in PE, corresponding to an apparent equilibrium between immigration and selection, wMel rose to fixation by 2018. Using analytic approximations and statistical analyses, we demonstrate that the observed fixation of wMel at PE is consistent with both stochastic transition past an unstable threshold frequency and deterministic transformation produced by steady immigration at a rate just above the threshold required for deterministic invasion. The indeterminacy results from a delicate balance of parameters needed to produce the delayed transition observed. Our analyses suggest that once Wolbachia transinfections are established locally through systematic introductions, stochastic “threshold crossing” is likely to only minimally enhance spatial spread, providing a local ratchet that slightly—but systematically—aids area-wide transformation of disease-vector populations in heterogeneous landscapes.