bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human and Economic Cost of Disease Burden Due to Congenital Hypothyroidism in India: Too Little, but Not Too Late
Authors: Vidavalur Ramesh 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation. Implementing newborn screening (NBS) in &gt;52 countries enabled early detection and to initiate treatment of neonates with CH. India is yet to implement a national NBS program even though an estimated 5–15% of sick newborns suffer from genetic and metabolic disorders. Recent pilot studies confirm that the CH incidence rates range from 1 in 500 to 1 in 3,400 live births. Our objective was to estimate overall incidence rates of congenital hypothyroidism and to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing universal NBS for CH in India.MethodsWe used the best available epidemiological and cost data to synthesize incidence rates and screening costs for CH in India. We conducted a meta-analysis of country-specific published literature and included 14 studies to calculate baseline CH incidence rates. We used two models to estimate intellectual disability in unscreened cohorts. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were calculated to quantify burden of disease utilizing disability weights. Direct costs including screening, confirmatory tests, and treatment costs were obtained from public and private market sources. Economic benefits were calculated from lost DALY using human capital approach and value of statistical life methods, utilizing gross national income (GNI) per capita data and value of statistical life year (VSLY), respectively. Cost discounting was used to estimate the present value of future benefits over lifetime of affected newborns.ResultsThe incidence rate of CH in India is 72 (95% CI: 58, 85) cases per 100,000 live births. Based on this data, 1 in 1,388 (95% CI: 1166, 1714) infants were diagnosed with CH in India for the year 2018. The estimated annual incidence ranged from 14,000 to 20,730 cases, and those at risk for intellectual disability ranged from 5,397 to 13,929 cases. Estimated discounted and undiscounted lost DALYs were 57,640 and 410,000, respectively. Direct annual costs for universal screening for CH in India is around USD187 million. Based on current incidence and expected severity of sequelae, economic losses ranged from USD 159 million to 1.1 billion. Benefit–cost ratios ranged from 1.8 to 6.ConclusionsUniversal NBS for CH is one of the healthcare interventions that is beneficial to prevent morbidity and cost saving. The cumulative economic benefits, derived from prevention of intellectual disability, assuming cost effectiveness threshold of three times of gross domestic product per capita, far outweigh the direct and indirect costs of screening, treatment, and surveillance throughout the life of the affected individuals. Our analysis strongly supports the argument for investing in NBS that provides good value for money and would yield substantial financial gains for the country.
Liquiritin Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Activating the PKA/LKB1/AMPK Pathway
Authors: Aiyasiding Xiahenazi , Liao Hai-Han , Feng Hong , Zhang Nan , Lin Zheng , Ding Wen , Yan Han , Zhou Zi-Ying , Tang Qi-Zhu 
Published: May 2022

Background: Liquiritin (LQ) is one of the main flavonoids extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza spp., which are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Studies in both cellular and animal disease models have shown that LQ attenuates or prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, the potential therapeutic effects of LQ on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy have not been so far explored. Therefore, we investigated the cardioprotective role of LQ and its underlying mechanisms in the aortic banding (AB)-induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model.Methods and Results: Starting 3 days after AB surgery, LQ (80 mg/kg/day) was administered daily over 4 weeks. Echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis indicated that LQ treatment markedly improved hypertrophy-related cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, and TUNEL staining showed that LQ significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and apoptosis. Western blot assays further showed that LQ activated LKB1/AMPKα2/ACC signaling and inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. Notably, LQ treatment failed to prevent cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in AMPKα2 knockout (AMPKα2−/−) mice. However, LQ still induced LKB1 phosphorylation in AMPKα2−/− mouse hearts. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that LQ inhibited Ang II-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) by increasing cAMP levels and PKA activity. Supporting the central involvement of the cAMP/PKA/LKB1/AMPKα2 signaling pathway in the cardioprotective effects of LQ, inhibition of Ang II-induced hypertrophy and induction of LKB1 and AMPKα phosphorylation were no longer observed after inhibiting PKA activity.Conclusion: This study revealed that LQ alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and inhibits Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro via activating cAMP/PKA/LKB1/AMPKα2 signaling. These findings suggest that LQ might be a valuable adjunct to therapeutic approaches for treating pathological cardiac remodeling.
Correlation Between Word Frequency and 17 Items of Hamilton Scale in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Han Jiali , Feng Yuan , Li Nanxi , Feng Lei , Xiao Le , Zhu Xuequan , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between word frequency and 17 items of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) in assessing the severity of depression in clinical interviews.MethodsThis study included 70 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were hospitalized in the Beijing Anding Hospital. Clinicians interviewed eligible patients, collected general information, disease symptoms, duration, and scored patients with HAMD-17. The words used by the patients during the interview were classified and extracted according to the HowNet sentiment dictionary, including positive evaluation words, positive emotional words, negative evaluation words, negative emotional words. Symptom severity was grouped according to the HAMD-17 score: mild depressive symptoms is 8–17 points, moderate depressive symptoms is 18–24 points and severe depressive symptoms is &gt;24 points. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the four categories of words among the groups, and partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the four categories of word frequencies based on HowNet sentiment dictionary and the HAMD-17 scale to evaluate the total score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine meaningful cut-off values.ResultsThere was a significant difference in negative evaluation words between groups (p = 0.032). After controlling for gender, age and years of education, the HAMD-17 total score was correlated with negative evaluation words (p = 0.009, r = 0.319) and negative emotional words (p = 0.027, r = 0.272), as the severity of depressive symptoms increased, the number of negative evaluation and negative emotional words in clinical interviews increased. Negative evaluation words distinguished patients with mild and moderate-severe depression. The area under the curve is 0.693 (p = 0.006) when the cut-off value is 8.48, the Youden index was 0.41, the sensitivity was 55.2%, and the specificity was 85.4%.ConclusionIn the clinical interview with MDD patients, the number of word frequencies based on HowNet sentiment dictionary may be beneficial in evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms.
Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being
Authors: Gadermann Anne , Thomson Kimberly , Gill Randip , Schonert-Reichl Kimberly A. , Gagné Petteni Monique , Guhn Martin , Warren Michael T. , Oberle Eva 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundEarly adolescence is a time of psychological and social change that can coincide with declines in mental health and well-being. This study investigated the psychological and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of students who responded to a survey in Grades 7 and 8 (ages 12–14) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide an overview on early adolescents' experiences and social-emotional well-being during the pandemic; and (ii) to examine whether changes in social experiences as well as feeling safe from getting COVID-19 at school were associated with changes in well-being outcomes over the course of a year.MethodsA sample of n = 1,755 students from a large public school district self-reported on their life satisfaction, optimism, and symptoms of sadness across two time points: First, in their Grade 7 year (pre-pandemic; January to March, 2020) and then 1 year later in their Grade 8 year (during the pandemic; January to March, 2021). In Grade 8, students also reported on pandemic-specific experiences, including changes in mental health, social relationships, and activities, as well as coping strategies and positive changes since the pandemic. Data were collected online using the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI), a population-based self-report tool that assesses children's social-emotional development and well-being in the context of their home, school, and neighborhood. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between pandemic-related changes in relationships and perceived safety from getting COVID-19 at school with changes in well-being outcomes.ResultsStudents reported a range of experiences, with a large proportion reporting moderate concerns and impacts of the pandemic, including worries about their mental health and missing school activities. Students reported significantly lower optimism, lower life satisfaction, and higher sadness compared to the previous year. Within the sample, improvements in relationships with parents and other adults at home was associated with higher well-being during the pandemic.ImplicationsResults from this study can inform decision making of policy-makers, educators, and practitioners working with youth, by providing information on students' experiences during the pandemic and identifying factors that may be protective for students' mental health during and beyond the pandemic.
Constrained Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Combined Lidar and Imager Measurements During the FIREX-AQ Campaign
Authors: Midzak Natalie , Yorks John , Zhang Jianglong , Limbacher James , Garay Michael , Kalashnikova Olga 
Published: May 2022

Smoke aerosols arise from a variety of regional sources and fuel types dependent on the properties of the fire, leading to spatial variability in smoke composition and optical properties. After emission, these aerosols age and mix in the atmosphere with other aerosol species, such as sulfates, altering the optical, and microphysical properties of the smoke aerosols over time. Thus, lidar ratio (extinction to backscatter ratio) derived from lidar sensors exhibit spatiotemporal variability for smoke. Traditional backscatter lidar processing algorithms employ a signal loss method that utilizes the reduction of signals below and above cloud layers, enabling simultaneous retrievals of both layer-averaged lidar ratio and particulate extinction, which avoids the need for assigning lidar ratios based on layer type as is typically used for backscatter lidar algorithms. In this study, the signal loss method, which is traditionally designed for cloud property retrievals, is attempted for elevated smoke plume property retrievals using NASA’s Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) observations from the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign. Good agreement (linear correlation coefficient of 0.67) is found between aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from the signal loss method and the constrained method, utilizing collocated GOES MAGARA AOD values as constraints for lidar ratio retrievals, for the Williams Flats smoke event. Differences in derived lidar ratios from the signal loss method and the constrained method (13.6 and 7.4%) are found to be smaller than the expected signal loss lidar ratio error estimate of ∼17–23%. A good agreement is also found in lidar ratios derived from this study and from using Differential Absorption Lidar-High Spectral Resolution Lidar (DIAL-HSRL) measurements for the Williams Flats Fire. The lidar ratio statistics of smoke plumes presented in this analysis (51 ± 13 sr) also compare favorably with lidar ratio values found in previous studies; however, they remain lower than the assumed smoke lidar ratio of 70 sr (at 532 nm) used by CALIPSO and CPL, and vary with plume transport distance. These findings suggest lidar ratio is likely to be regionally specific and evolve with plume transport. Thus, innovative methods for simultaneous retrieval of lidar ratio and aerosol extinction, such as the signal loss method proposed in this study, are needed for accurate aerosol retrievals from standard backscatter lidars in the future.
Mapping Knowledge Structure and Themes Trends of Post-operative Rehabilitation of Hip Fractures in the Elderly: A Bibliometrics and Visualization Study
Authors: Hu Liuchao , Wei Qiushi , Luo Ziheng , Wang Bin , Wu Zhifang , He Mincong , He Xiaoming , Luo Yiwen 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundHip fractures are a common type of fracture in the elderly and are characterized by many complications and high mortality. Many topics concerning postoperative rehabilitation of hip fracture in elderly people still remain controversial, and the global research trend in this field has not yet been well studied. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the overall knowledge structure, development trends, and research hot spots of postoperative rehabilitation of hip fracture in elderly people.MethodsArticles and reviews regarding postoperative rehabilitation of hip fracture in elderly people from 2001 to 2021 were identified from the Web of Science database. An online bibliometric platform, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software were used to generate visualization knowledge maps, including annual trends of publications, contributions of countries, institutions, authors, funding agencies, and journals, and clustering of keywords.ResultsA total of 1,724 publications were identified from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). In the past 20 years, the number of published studies on the rehabilitation of hip fracture in the elderly has exhibited an overall upward trend. The USA was the leading contributor in this field, with the largest number of publications (354, 20.65%) and the most citations (13,786 times). The international cooperation map among relevant countries/regions indicated that the USA collaborated most closely with Canada and China. The University of Maryland and Professor Marcantonio were the most prolific institution and influential author, respectively. Injury: International Journal of the Care of the Injured was the most productive journal concerning the research of postoperative rehabilitation of hip fracture in elderly people. The keyword co-occurrence analysis identified six clusters: quality of life study, rehabilitation and outcomes study, cognitive impairment study, operative approaches study, mortality study, and osteoporosis study.ConclusionsThere will be an increasing number of publications on the research of postoperative rehabilitation of hip fracture in elderly people, and the United States will stay ahead in this field. Our findings could offer practical sources for scholars to understand the current status and trend of studies on rehabilitation of hip fracture in the elderly and provide references and suggestions for the development of related research in future.
Optic Pathway Glioma in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Multidisciplinary Entity, Posing Dilemmas in Diagnosis and Management Multidisciplinary Management of Optic Pathway Glioma in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Lohkamp Laura-Nanna , Parkin Patricia , Puran Allan , Bartels Ute Katharina , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri , Rutka James Thomas 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has an incidence of 1 in 2,000 to 3,000 individuals and in 15% is associated with optic pathway glioma (OPG). Given the variability in clinical presentation and related morbidity, a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management of children with NF1 and OPG is required, but often lacks coordination and regular information exchange. Herein we summarize our experience and describe the care pathways/network provided by a multidisciplinary team. The role of the distinct team members is elucidated as well as the care amendments made over time.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single-center observational study, including children treated at our institution between 1990 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were clinical diagnosis of NF1, radiographic and/or histopathological diagnosis of OPG and age below 18 years. Patients being treated elsewhere were excluded from the study. Data was abstracted from each child’s health record using a standardized data collection form. Characteristics of children with NF1 and OPG were described using means (SD) and percentages. Outcomes were determined using Kaplan-Meier estimates.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, 1,337 children were followed in our institution. Of those, 195 were diagnosed with OPG (14.6%), including 94 (48.21%) females and 101 (51.79%) males. Comprehensive data were available in 150 patients. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 5.31(4.08) years (range: 0.8–17.04 years). Sixty-two (41.3%) patients remained stable and did not undergo treatment, whereas 88 (58.7%) patients required at least one treatment. The mean (SD) duration of follow up was 8.14 (5.46) years (range: 0.1–25.9 years; median 6.8 years). Overall survival was of 23.6 years (±1.08), comprising 5 deaths. A dedicated NF clinic, including pediatricians and a nurse, provides regular follow up and plays a central role in the management of children with NF1, identifying those at risk of OPG, coordinating referrals to Neuroradiology and other specialists as indicated. All children are assessed annually by Ophthalmology. Comprehensive care was provided by a multidisciplinary team consisting of Dermatology, Genetics, Neuro-oncology, Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology and Pediatrics.ConclusionsThe care of children with NF1 and OPG is optimized with a multidisciplinary team approach, coordinated by a central specialty clinic.
Explore the Value of Dual Source Computer Tomography Automatic Tube Current Regulation in Reducing the Radiation Dose of CTA in Lower Extremity Vessels
Authors: Hu Xin , Yu Yi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of dual source computer tomography automatic tube current regulation in reducing the radiation dose of CTA in lower limb vessels.MethodsFrom February 2020 to December 2021, 64 patients with lower limb artery CTA were selected in our hospital because of the symptoms of foot ischemia. According to the random number table, patients were divided into control group (treated with fixed tube current technology) and observation group (treated with automatic tube current regulation technology), with 32 cases in each group. All patients underwent a dual source computer tomography scan. Control group: tube voltage 120 kV, tube current 250 mA; Observation group: tube voltage was 80 kV, and reference tube current was 80–380 mA. Other scanning conditions of patients in the two groups were the same. CTDIvol, DLP and calculated SNR and CNR were recorded to obtain the ED.ResultsThe values of CTDIvol, DLP and ED in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in CT value, SD value, SNR value and CNR value of the femoral artery segment, popliteal artery segment and posterior tibial artery segment between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). The image quality scores of patients in the control group were slightly higher than those in the observation group, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe application of dual source computer tomography automatic tube current adjustment technology in CTA examination of lower limb vessels can automatically adjust the compensation output and realize the output of different tube currents in different thicknesses, densities and angles. On the premise of not affecting the image quality, the radiation dose in the scanning process to the maximum extent, and reasonably protect the examined patients.
Kidney Transplantation From Hepatitis-C Viraemic Donors:Considerations for Practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Doherty Daniel T. , Athwal Varinder , Moinuddin Zia , Augustine Titus , Prince Martin , van Dellen David , Khambalia Hussein A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Donor hepatitis-C (HCV) infection has historically represented a barrier to kidney transplantation (KT). However, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications have revolutionised treatment of chronic HCV infection. Recent American studies have demonstrated that DAA regimes can be used safely peri-operatively in KT to mitigate HCV transmission risk.Methods: To formulate this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search was performed to analyse results of existing clinical trials examining KT from HCV-positive donors to HCV-negative recipients with peri-operative DAA regimes.Results: 13 studies were reviewed (11 single centre, four retrospective). Outcomes for 315 recipients were available across these studies. A sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) of 100% was achieved in 11 studies. One study employed an ultra-short DAA regime and achieved an SVR12 of 98%, while another achieved SVR12 of 96% due to treatment of a missed mixed genotype.Conclusion: HCV+ KT is safe and may allow increased utilisation of organs for transplantation from HCV+ donors, who often have other favourable characteristics for successful donation. Findings from US clinical trials can be applied to the United Kingdom transplant framework to improve organ utilisation as suggested by the NHSBT vision strategy “Organ Donation and Transplantation 2030: meeting the need”.
Prediksi Kebangkrutan Altman Z-Score Modifikasi Komparasi Perusahaan Terbesar dan Terkecil Sub Sektor Tekstil dan Garmen di BEI
Authors: Julianti Widi , Mai Muhammad Umar , Nurdin Ade Ali 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to find out how the comparison of bankruptcy predictions at PT Argo Pantes Tbk & PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk for the 2015-2019 period, with the comparison indicator being total assets. The method used in this study is descriptive research with a quantitative approach and the data used are secondary data obtained from the financial statements published by PT Argo Pantes Tbk for the 2015-2019 period & the financial statements of PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk for the 2015-2019 period. The analytical technique used in this study is the Modified Altman Z-Score method that uses four ratio variables, namely Working Capital to Total Assets (X1), Retained Earnings to Total Assets (X2), EBIT to Total Assets (X3), and Book Value of Equity. to Book Value of Debt (X4). The results showed that during the 2015-2019 period (5 years) companies with small asset values (PT Argo Pantes Tbk) tended to have the potential to experience bankruptcy or were in distress compared to companies with large asset values (PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk). This condition is caused by the low financial ratios owned by PT Argo Pantes Tbk and the need for follow-up to deal with the problem so that the company avoids the risk of bankruptcy.

Keywords: Bankruptcy Prediction Comparison, Altman Z-Score Modification