bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verschwörungstheorien und paranoider Wahn: Lassen sich Aspekte kognitionspsychologischer Modelle zu Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von paranoiden Wahnüberzeugungen auf Verschwörungstheorien übertragen?
Authors: Mehl Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende narrative Übersichtsartikel stellt zunächst verschiedene Definitionen von Verschwörungstheorien und Verschwörungsmentalität vor und präsentiert Studien zu Zusammenhängen zwischen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, Symptomen psychischer Störungen und Verschwörungstheorien. Anschließend werden die Kontinuumshypothese des Wahns sowie neuere Konzeptualisierungen von allgemeinem und paranoiden Wahn diskutiert, des Weiteren werden typische kognitionspsychologische Modelle präsentiert, die die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Wahnüberzeugungen durch eine Interaktion von biologischen Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren, psychologischen Faktoren und sozialen Faktoren erklären. In diesen Modellen mediieren sowohl kognitive Verarbeitungsstile („cognitive biases“) als auch emotionale Prozesse die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Wahn, beispielsweise die Tendenz, voreilige Schlussfolgerungen zu treffen („jumping to conclusions bias“), sowie externale Kontrollüberzeugungen und ein externalisierender personalisierender Kausalattributionsstil. Anschließend wird diskutiert, ob Menschen, die Verschwörungstheorien zugeneigt sind, ebenfalls ähnliche kognitive Verarbeitungsstile aufweisen, die auch bei Personen zu finden sind, die paranoiden Wahnüberzeugungen zustimmen und unter psychotischen Störungen leiden. Parallelen bestehen zwischen beiden Personengruppen beispielsweise im Hinblick auf eine Neigung zu externalen Kontrollüberzeugungen und einen external personalisierenden Kausalattributionsstil. Auch bestehen Ähnlichkeiten in der Neigung, voreilige Schlussfolgerungen zu treffen. Fragen nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden zwischen beiden Phänomenen sollten in weiteren präregistrierten experimentellen Studien quer- sowie längsschnittlich untersucht werden. Möglicherweise könnten moderne niedrigschwellige Interventionsmethoden der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie von Psychosen (CBTp) in die Beratung oder Prävention von Verschwörungstheorien implementiert werden.
No faces, just body movements—Effects of perceived emotional valence of body kinetics and psychological factors on interpersonal distance behavior within an immersive virtual environment
Authors: Sammer Gebhard , Ruprecht Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In an immersive virtual environment, it was investigated how the perception of body kinetics contributes to social distance behavior when the facial expression and other physical properties of a social interaction partner cannot be perceived. Based on point light displays, both the subject and the social interaction partner were depicted as stick figures, both moving simultaneously in the same space. In addition, the effects of relevant psychological factors of the perceiver on social distance behavior were examined. The results were consistent with those from studies with facial expressions or realistic full-body interactants. A greater distance was maintained from characters with emotionally negative expressions of body kinetics. Stationary objects stimuli, which were also included in the study, were mostly passed closer than neutral agents. However, the results are not entirely clear and require further investigation. Depressive symptom burden and factors mainly related to anxiety and avoidance showed effects on social distance in an IVE. The CID, a test often used to assess the interpersonal distance at which a person is comfortable, correlated with that overt behavior. In summary, the results of the study provide experimental evidence that the perception of body kinetics has a similarly significant influence on the regulation of social distance as, for example, facial affect. Implementing this study in real life would be incredibly complex, if not impossible. It is interesting to see that the comparatively simple method used in this study to create and operate an immersive virtual environment turned out to be suitable for studying at least simple types of social behavior based on body movements.
Sleep quality, valence, energetic arousal, and calmness as predictors of device-based measured physical activity during a three-week mHealth intervention
Authors: Fiedler Janis , Seiferth Caroline , Eckert Tobias , Woll Alexander , Wunsch Kathrin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysical inactivity is known to be a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases and has a high prevalence in today’s society. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the psychological factors associated with physical activity (PA). Recent developments in the field of ambulatory assessment and technological advances are promising to enhance our understanding of this relationship by analyzing longitudinal data within- and between-persons. These analyses can reveal important factors to design behavior change interventions to enhance PA. Therefore, this study used an ecological momentary assessment during the 3‑week intervention period in the SMARTFAMILY2.0 trial and aimed to investigate whether valence, calmness, energetic arousal, and sleep quality predict daily steps and moderate to vigorous PA. Overall, 49 adults (35–60 years) and 40 children (5–19 years) were included in this analysis and self-rated their mental state within our smartphone application while also wearing a hip-worn accelerometer for 21 consecutive days (996 days included) during the intervention period. Multilevel analyses were conducted to predict daily PA while considering covariables (e.g., child/adult and non-wear time) both within- and between-persons. The results indicated that higher than average ratings of a person’s valence and energetic arousal on one day predicted increased PA while higher than average calmness predicted decreased PA at the same day within this person. Sleep quality and between-person effects of the affective states showed no clear associations to PA. Overall, these results showed that within-person associations of valence, calmness, and energetic arousal should be considered when designing PA interventions for both children and adults. The influence of sleep quality, as well as between-person effects, should be further explored by future studies.
Digitale Ordnungspolitik – Haftung und Verantwortung
Authors: Wagner Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungPrivatrechtliche Haftung ist ein wichtiges Steuerungsinstrument einer dezentral organisierten Wirtschaftsordnung. Anders als Regulierung, die potenziell gefährliche Tätigkeiten ex ante steuert, greift Haftung ex post ein, nachdem ein Schaden oder eine Gefährdungslage bereits eingetreten ist. Die wohlfahrtsmindernde Überregulierung von Tätigkeiten, die in Wahrheit gar nicht oder nur in geringem Umfang schadensträchtig sind, lässt sich dadurch vermeiden. Trotzdem generiert auch Haftung Anreize zum sorgfältigen, schadensvermeidenden Verhalten ex ante. Für die Wirksamkeit des Steuerungseffekts ist es essentiell, dass diejenigen Akteure haftungsrechtlich adressiert werden, die zur Kontrolle der jeweiligen Gefahr am besten in der Lage sind. Die Digitalisierung stellt das Haftungsrecht insofern vor Herausforderungen als neue Akteure die Bühne betreten, die als potenzielle Haftungssubjekte infrage kommen, nämlich Roboter und andere autonome Systeme sowie Plattformen, die das Internet erschließen und Nutzer miteinander in Kontakt bringen. Der folgende Beitrag analysiert die Haftungsverfassung digitaler Märkte im Hinblick auf die Verantwortung für autonome Systeme und digitale Plattformen.
Self-esteem and Social Media Dependency: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Comparing Primary Welsh and Non-Welsh Speakers
Authors: Jones Richard , Reppa Irene , Reed Phil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study examined the impact of using social media in English on associations between social media dependency and self-esteem, depression, social anxiety, and loneliness for Welsh speakers. A total of 836 pupils (317 Welsh speakers; 519 non-Welsh speakers), with a mean age of 13.44 (± .943), attending state-maintained Welsh/bilingual-medium secondary schools throughout Wales, completed scales on social media dependency, self-esteem, depression, social anxiety, and loneliness. A structural equation model approach found that whenever social media dependency was the predictor, its hypothesized associations with depression, loneliness, social anxiety, and self-esteem were stronger for Welsh speakers relative to non-Welsh speakers. The results suggest that a perceived or actual marginalization of a minority language within the social media domain might negatively impact minority language speakers’ self-esteem levels, which potentially impacts related psychological constructs.
Long-term outcome of ligation of inter-sphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) for management of trans-sphincteric anal fistula
Authors: Hegab Ahmed M. , Baheeg Mohamad , Shehata Mahmoud S. , Zaghloul Tarek , Kamel Mohamed Ismail , Hasan Abdulkarim 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
After abscess formation, an anal fistula is a common consequence, with crypto-glandular infection being the most commonly accepted causative cause. The goal of this study was to see how well closure of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract affects the outcome of trans-sphincteric fistula surgery.

Methods:
Patients with perianal trans-sphincteric fistulas who underwent ligation of inter-sphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) were studied prospectively in this cohort study. All patients had the identical anesthetic approach, followed by LIFT with two years’ follow-up.

Results:
length of the fistulous tract had a substantial effect on the result. The presence of piles with fistula among the studied patients has no effect on the outcome. Mean operative time was 36.2 min and post operative pain was mild in most patients and concomitant anal fissure or piles has no effect on final result of LIFT procedure The mean time for wound healing was four weeks. Three patients had hidradenitis suppurativa and no any unusual histopathology results shown in the excised parts.

Conclusion:
LIFT was an effective and straightforward sphincter-preserving technique in treating simple trans-sphincteric anal fistulas with excellent long-term control of trans-sphincteric fistula. More similar studies with a large number of patients are still needed to assess this surgical technique for trans-sphincteric fistula.

Highlights
Frequent Cannabis Use Moderates the Relationship Between Sexual Dysfunction and Depression Among Female German Adults
Authors: Belau Matthias Hans , Wiessner Christian , Becher Heiko , von Rüden Ursula , Briken Peer 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSexual dysfunction and heavy substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) play an important role in the development of depression, while frequent substance use affects sexual dysfunction.AimThis study aimed to investigate the association between sexual dysfunction and depression among German adults in a nationally representative sample and the effect of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use on this association using moderator analysis.MethodsData come from the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD) with N = 4,955 men and women aged between 18 and 75 years. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the moderation effect of substance use between sexual dysfunction and depression by including an interaction term.OutcomesSelf-reported diagnosed and treated depression within the last 12 months and the moderation effect of substance use on the association between sexual dysfunction and depression.ResultsMen and women with at least 1 sexual dysfunction were more likely to be affected by depression as compared to those without sexual dysfunction. A moderation effect of frequent cannabis use was found between sexual dysfunction and depression among women.Clinical ImplicationsClinicians and therapists addressing addiction, depression, and dysfunction should keep the complex interactions in mind.Strengths & LimitationsThis study provides new data on the association between sexual dysfunction and depression among German adults in a nationally representative sample and the moderation effect of substance use on this association. Further studies should disentangle the pathways between sexual dysfunction, cannabis use, and depression through moderated mediation analyses.ConclusionFrequent cannabis use plays a moderating role in the association between sexual dysfunction and depression among German adult women.
Can the Auroral Kilometric Radiation be a Self‐Organized Criticality System?
Authors: Marek M. , Schreiber R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present statistical results for the analysis of 240 Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) dynamical spectra containing 3,750 short–time AKR bursts each, and recorded on‐board Interball–2 mission (POLRAD and MEMO experiments). Data were collected between December 1996 and February 1998. We found that frequency distribution of short AKR bursts as a function of their Power Spectral Density, shows for intense bursts a powerlaw fall. This is the hallmark of the Self–Organized Criticality (SOC) systems. In our case a simple analytical Logistic Growth SOC model can reproduce increments of Electron Cyclotron Maser instability expected for AKR.
Wind/WAVES Observations of Auroral Kilometric Radiation: Automated Burst Detection and Terrestrial Solar Wind ‐ Magnetosphere Coupling Effects
Authors: Fogg A. R. , Jackman C. M. , Waters J. E. , Bonnin X. , Lamy L. , Cecconi B. , Issautier K. , Louis C. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAuroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is the strongest terrestrial radio emission, and emanates from the same electron acceleration regions from which particles precipitate into the ionosphere, exciting the aurorae and other phenomena. As such, AKR is a barometer for the state of solar wind ‐ magnetosphere ‐ ionosphere coupling. AKR is anisotropically beamed in a hollow cone from a source region generally found at nightside local times, meaning that a single source region cannot be viewed from all local times in the magnetosphere. In radio data such as dynamic spectra, AKR is frequently observed simultaneously to other radio emissions which can have a similar intensity and frequency range, making it difficult to automatically detect. Building on a previously published pipeline to extract AKR emissions from Wind/WAVES data, in this paper a novel automated AKR burst detection technique is presented and applied to Wind/WAVES data. Over a five year interval, about 5000 AKR bursts are detected with median burst length ranging from about 30 to 60 min. During detected burst windows, higher solar wind velocity is observed, and the interplanetary magnetic field clock angle is observed to tend toward BZ < 0, BY < 0, when compared with the entire statistical interval. Additionally, higher geomagnetic activity is observed during burst windows at polar, high and equatorial latitudes.
Real‐Time Earthquake Detection and Magnitude Estimation Using Vision Transformer
Authors: Saad Omar M. , Chen Yunfeng , Savvaidis Alexandros , Fomel Sergey , Chen Yangkang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe design a fully automated system for real‐time magnitude estimation based on a vision transformer (ViT) network. ViT is an attention mechanisms, which guides the proposed network to extract the significant features from the input seismic data, leading to robust magnitude estimation performance. We propose to design two separate ViT networks, that is, one for picking the P‐wave arrival time and the other for predicting the earthquake magnitude using a single station. For real‐time application, we pick the P‐wave arrival times and consider them as the reference, based on which the non‐normalized 30‐s (i.e., 1 s before and 29 s after the reference time) three‐component seismograms are used to predict the magnitudes of the corresponding earthquakes. The ViT picking network is first trained and tested using the STanford EArthquake Data set (STEAD) and shows robust picking performance, achieving an average picking error of less than 0.2 s compared to the manual picks. Then, the ViT magnitude estimation network is evaluated using several data sets, including those from California, STEAD repository, and Texas. The ViT demonstrates robust magnitude estimation performance in all these test cases as compared with the benchmark methods. For magnitude estimation, the mean absolute error (MAE) and the standard deviation error (σ) for the testing set of the STEAD data set are 0.112 and 0.164 (as compared with 0.141 and 0.219 for the state‐of‐the‐art MagNet method), respectively. The MAE and σ for the California testing set are 0.079 and 0.120 (as compared with 0.089 and 0.138 for the Magnet method), respectively. As a case study, the new ViT networks are applied to the 24‐hr continuous seismic data of the TexNet‐PB05 station recorded on September 20th. The network successfully picks all the events in the TexNet catalog with a small (<=0.42) magnitude error. The ViT network shows promising magnitude prediction results when tested with 4‐s long seismograms. This highlights its potential in the earthquake early warning (EEW) system for fast and reliable decisions.
A Strategic Framework for Community Engagement in Oceans and Human Health
Authors: Carson Margaret A. , Doberneck Diane M. , Hart Zac , Kelsey Heath , Pierce Jennifer Y. , Porter Dwayne E. , Richlen Mindy L. , Schandera Louisa , Triezenberg Heather A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, scientific research on the connections between the health and resilience of marine ecosystems and human health, well‐being, and community prosperity has expanded and evolved into a distinct “metadiscipline” known as Oceans and Human Health (OHH), recognized by the scientific community as well as policy makers. OHH goals are diverse and seek to improve public health outcomes, promote sustainable use of aquatic systems and resources, and strengthen community resilience. OHH research has historically included some level of community outreach and partner involvement; however, the increasing disruption of aquatic environments and urgency of public health impacts calls for a more systematic approach to effectively identify and engage with community partners to achieve project goals and outcomes. Herein, we present a strategic framework developed collaboratively by community engagement personnel from the four recently established U.S. Centers for Oceans and Human Health (COHH). This framework supports researchers in defining levels of community engagement and in aligning partners, purpose, activities, and approaches intentionally in their community engagement efforts. Specifically, we describe: (a) a framework for a range of outreach and engagement approaches; (b) the need for identifying partners, purpose, activities, and approaches; and (c) the importance of making intentional alignment among them. Misalignment across these dimensions may lead to wasting time or resources, eroding public trust, or failing to achieve intended outcomes. We illustrate the framework with examples from current COHH case studies and conclude with future directions for strategic community engagement in OHH and other environmental health contexts.
Evidence for widespread alterations in cortical microstructure after 32 h of sleep deprivation
Authors: Voldsbekk Irene , Bjørnerud Atle , Groote Inge , Zak Nathalia , Roelfs Daniel , Maximov Ivan I. , Geier Oliver , Due-Tønnessen Paulina , Bøen Erlend , Kuiper Yvonne S. , Løkken Lise-Linn , Strømstad Marie , Blakstvedt Taran Y. , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Malt Ulrik F. , Westlye Lars T. , Elvsåshagen Torbjørn , Grydeland Håkon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCortical microstructure is influenced by circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation, yet the precise underpinnings of these effects remain unclear. The ratio between T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T1w/T2w ratio) has been linked to myelin levels and dendrite density and may offer novel insight into the intracortical microstructure of the sleep deprived brain. Here, we examined intracortical T1w/T2w ratio in 41 healthy young adults (26 women) before and after 32 h of either sleep deprivation (n = 18) or a normal sleep-wake cycle (n = 23). Linear models revealed significant group differences in T1w/T2w ratio change after 32 h in four clusters, including bilateral effects in the insular, cingulate, and superior temporal cortices, comprising regions involved in attentional, auditory and pain processing. Across clusters, the sleep deprived group showed an increased T1w/T2w ratio, while the normal sleep-wake group exhibited a reduced ratio. These changes were not explained by in-scanner head movement, and 95% of the effects across clusters remained significant after adjusting for cortical thickness and hydration. Compared with a normal sleep-wake cycle, 32 h of sleep deprivation yields intracortical T1w/T2w ratio increases. While the intracortical changes detected by this study could reflect alterations in myelin or dendritic density, or both, histological analyses are needed to clarify the precise underlying cortical processes.
Lamin A and the LINC complex act as potential tumor suppressors in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Chiarini Francesca , Paganelli Francesca , Balestra Tommaso , Capanni Cristina , Fazio Antonietta , Manara Maria Cristina , Landuzzi Lorena , Petrini Stefania , Evangelisti Camilla , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Martelli Alberto M. , Lattanzi Giovanna , Scotlandi Katia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is involved in mechanosignaling and cell migration through dynamic interactions with the LINC complex, formed by the nuclear envelope proteins SUN1, SUN2 and the nesprins. Here, we investigated lamin A role in Ewing Sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive bone tumor affecting children and young adults. In patients affected by EWS, we found a significant inverse correlation between LMNA gene expression and tumor aggressiveness. Accordingly, in experimental in vitro models, low lamin A expression correlated with enhanced cell migration and invasiveness and, in vivo, with an increased metastatic load. At the molecular level, this condition was linked to altered expression and anchorage of nuclear envelope proteins and increased nuclear retention of YAP/TAZ, a mechanosignaling effector. Conversely, overexpression of lamin A rescued LINC complex organization, thus reducing YAP/TAZ nuclear recruitment and preventing cell invasiveness. These effects were also obtained through modulation of lamin A maturation by a statin-based pharmacological treatment that further elicited a more differentiated phenotype in EWS cells. These results demonstrate that drugs inducing nuclear envelope remodeling could be exploited to improve therapeutic strategies for EWS.