bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways of Exciton Triggered Hot‐Carrier Injection at Plasmonic Metal−Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Interface
Authors: Wen Xiewen , Wang Weipeng , Zhang Xiang , Chen Hailong , Jia Shuai , Gong Yongji , Chen Weibing , Wang Yanfeng , Zhu Hanyu , Zheng Junrong , Ajayan P. M. , Lou Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSurface plasmon induced hot‐carrier injection to semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers has been extensively studied. However, comprehensive understanding of the injection kinetics by fully considering the weak metal−TMD interaction and the TMDs’ exciton formation kinetics is missing. Here, a hot‐carrier injection pathway is elucidated by systematically investigating the interfacial interaction kinetics among different plasmonic metals and TMDs. The pathway highlights the exciton formation timescale as a threshold for interfacial carrier injection, before which plasmonic hot carriers and free electron−hole pairs are relaxed incoherently across the interface. The injected hot carriers will interact with excitons to form charged quasiparticles as trions, which have extended lifetime. The pathway reveals the fundamental mechanism of the plasmonic hot‐carrier−TMD interactions, opens the possibility of controllable manipulation of hot‐carrier injection process, and allows future research toward opto‐electrical guidance of trions in metal−TMD systems.
Efficient and Stable Self‐Trapped Blue Emission from a 1D Organolead Chloride Crystalline Material
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Fei Honghan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntrinsic blue emission with high stability and high efficiency remains to be a great challenge for metal halide hybrids. In this study, a single‐crystalline, ultrastable self‐trapped blue‐light emitter based on 1D cationic [Pb2Cl2]2+ haloplumbate chains is discovered, which affords a Stokes shift of 78 nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.156, 0.080), very close to blue standard (0.140, 0.080). The Stokes shift is the lowest reported value among the intrinsic self‐trapped emission from the vast majority of organometal halide hybrids. Moreover, the presence of out‐of‐plane chloride results in highly localized self‐trapped excitons in 1D cationic chains and high photoluminescence quantum yield of 72%, which exceeds many intrinsic blue‐light‐emitting metal halide materials. Analogous to the previously reported organocarboxylate‐based lead halide hybrids, the material exhibits ultrastable continuous photoemission in air for at least 24 h and maintains the efficient emission after a variety of thermal or chemical treatments. The excellent blue‐light‐emitting performance of the material enables its promising applications in high‐definition lighting and display fields.
Photo‐Controlled Reversible Multicolor Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Solid Supramolecular Pseudopolyrotaxane
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Cong , Chen Yong , Yu Jie , Chen Lei , Zhang Hui , Xu Xiufang , Liu Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe photoreversible switch persistent room‐temperature phosphorescent (p‐RTP) system is attractive but challenging in the field of smart luminescent materials. In particular, those p‐RTPs with the excitation‐wavelength‐responsive and time‐dependent multicolor emission are very important but underexplored. Herein an excitation‐wavelength‐responsive and time‐dependent multicolor p‐RTP emission pseudopolyrotaxanes supramolecular system based on host–guest interaction between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and two luminophores (benzene and naphthalene) modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives is reported. The excitation‐wavelength‐responsive and time‐dependent multicolor afterglows of the supramolecular system are derived from the diverse p‐RTP emission species with different lifetimes. More importantly, the p‐RTP can be reversibly adjusted by photoisomerization of diarylethylene (DAE), that is, it could be erased under ultraviolet light and recovered under visible‐light for several cycles. Taking advantage of the reversible photoencryption property, this intelligent luminescence supramolecular system has broad application prospects in information storage and treatment.
Identification of mung bean germplasm for resistance against Cercospora canescens and to study the association of biochemical parameters with defense mechanisms
Authors: Mahapatra Sushree Suparna , Swain Dhaneswar , Beura Surjya Kanta , Rout Gyana Ranjan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSizable loss in crop yields resulting from Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora canescens and is a major disease in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] crops, demands a thorough evaluation of various parameters dealing with the infection. Determination of components for CLS resistance is associated with leaf spot intensity in the field, which is estimated from the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The present study showed that out of 261 genotypes screened in the field for CLS, 88, 89, 51 and, 33 genotypes were found to be resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible, respectively, on the basis of the AUDPC values. Further, five resistant and five susceptible genotypes were selected from the screened genotypes for bioassay analysis and were subjected to artificial inoculation with three different isolates of Cercospora canescens to study the effectiveness in polyhouse. The morphological data along with disease incidence, chlorophyll content, proline content, phenol content and enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the enzymatic activities, total phenol, and proline contents in inoculated resistant and susceptible genotypes vs. control (without inoculation). However, the total chlorophyll content reduced in both resistant and susceptible genotypes after inoculation. Moreover, higher enzyme activities were marked in the resistant genotypes than the susceptible genotypes. This study will help to identify the resistant and susceptible mung bean genotypes against Cercospora canescens for further agronomic study as well as breeding programs.
Diminishing returns among lamina fresh and dry mass, surface area, and petiole fresh mass among nine Lauraceae species
Authors: Li Yirong , Shi Peijian , Niinemets Ülo , Song Yu , Yu Kexin , Schrader Julian , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPremiseThe phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM).MethodsFor each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α‐values between any two species.ResultsThe phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2‐values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship.Conclusions“Diminishing returns” was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading.
Pathogenic variant in NFIA associated with subdural hematomas mimicking nonaccidental trauma
Authors: Wongkittichote Parith , Kondis Jamie S. , Peglar Lindsay M. , Strahle Jennifer M. , Miller‐Thomas Michelle , Abell Katherine B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubdural hematoma (SDH) in infants raises the concern for nonaccidental trauma (NAT), especially when presenting with associated injuries. However, isolated SDH could be caused by multiple etiologies. NFIA (MIM# 600727) encodes nuclear factor I A protein (NFI‐A), a transcription factor which plays important roles in gliogenesis. Loss‐of‐function variants in NFIA are associated with autosomal dominant brain malformations with or without urinary tract defects (MIM# 613735). Intracranial hemorrhage of various types besides SDH has been reported in patients with this condition. Here, we report a patient with a heterozygous novel NFIA pathogenic variant affecting splicing who initially presented with SDH concerning for NAT. We also review previous NFIA‐related disorder cases with intracranial hemorrhage. This report emphasizes the importance of genetic evaluation in infants presenting with isolated SDH.
Carbamoylated Guanidine‐Containing Polymers for Non‐Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum‐Containing Media
Authors: Barrios Alfonso , Estrada Marilen , Moon Joong Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the high potential of controlling cellular processes and treating various diseases by intracellularly delivered proteins, current delivery systems exhibit poor efficiency due to poor serum stability, cellular entry, and cytosolic availability of proteins. Here, we report a novel functional group, phenyl carbamoylated guanidine (Ph‐CG), that greatly enhances the delivery efficiency to various types of cells. Owing to the substantially lowered pKa, the hydrophobic Ph‐CG offers optimized inter‐macromolecular interactions via enhanced hydrogen‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The coplanarity of Ph‐CG also leads to the better intracellular entry of protein complexes. Intracellularly delivered apoptosis‐inducing enzymes and antibodies significantly induce cell viability inhibitions in a serum‐containing medium. The newly developed Ph‐CG can be introduced to various existing carriers, leading to the realization of future therapeutic protein delivery.
Generic Rules for Distinguishing Autophoretic Colloidal Motors
Authors: Peng Yixin , Xu Pengzhao , Duan Shifang , Liu Jiayu , Moran Jeffrey Lawrence , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDistinguishing the operating mechanisms of nano‐ and micromotors powered by chemical gradients, i.e. “autophoresis”, holds the key for fundamental and applied reasons. In this article, we propose and experimentally confirm that the speeds of a self‐diffusiophoretic colloidal motor scale inversely to its population density but not for self‐electrophoretic motors, because the former is an ion source and thus increases the solution ionic strength over time while the latter does not. They also form clusters in visually distinguishable and quantifiable ways. This pair of rules is simple, powerful, and insensitive to the specific material composition, shape or size of a colloidal motor, and does not require any measurement beyond typical microscopy. These rules are not only useful in clarifying the operating mechanisms of typical autophoretic micromotors, but also in predicting the dynamics of unconventional ones that are yet to be experimentally realized, even those involving enzymes.
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool in molecular paleobiology: An analytical response to Alleon et al. (https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000295)
Authors: Wiemann Jasmina , Briggs Derek E. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA recent article argued that signals from conventional Raman spectroscopy of organic materials are overwhelmed by edge filter and fluorescence artefacts. The article targeted a subset of Raman spectroscopic investigations of fossil and modern organisms and has implications for the utility of conventional Raman spectroscopy in comparative tissue analytics. The inferences were based on circular reasoning centered around the unconventional analysis of spectra from just two samples, one modern, and one fossil. We validated the disputed signals with in situ Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) Spectroscopy and through replication with different lasers, filters, and operators in independent laboratories. Our Raman system employs a holographic notch filter which is not affected by edge filter or other artefacts. Multiple lines of evidence confirm that conventional Raman spectra of fossils contain biologically and geologically meaningful information. Statistical analyses of large Raman and FT‐IR spectral data sets reveal patterns in fossil composition and yield valuable insights into the history of life.
Development and validation of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the estimation of a potential genotoxic impurity 2‐(2‐chloroethoxy)ethanol in hydroxyzine
Authors: Lakka Narasimha S. , Kuppan Chandrasekar , Ravinathan Poornima , Palakurthi Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2‐(2‐Chloroethoxy)ethanol (CEE) belongs to the so‐called cohort of concerns which were classified as highly potent mutagenic carcinogens by the World Health Organization. It is widely used in the synthesis of the essential anti‐histamine drug hydroxyzine. In addition, it is used as a primary solvent in dyes, nitrocellulose, paints, inks and resins. Owing to its potential genotoxicity, an efficient liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitative estimation of CEE traces in an active pharmaceutical ingredients and in tablet dosage forms of hydroxyzine‐free base. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18column using a gradient elution mode with a binary solvent system (ammonium formate and methanol). Mass detection was performed for CEE using a positive mode with selected ion monitoring technique atm/zvalue of [M + NH4]+. The developed method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonizaiton guidelines. The quantitation limit, linearity and recoveries were found to be 0.56 ppm, 0.56–7.49 ppm (r2 > 0.9985) and 93.6–99.3%, respectively. The proposed method was highly compatible and was used effectively to estimate CEE traces in different stages of drug synthesis and in tablet dosage forms of hydroxyzine for routine and stability testing.
Nocardia rubra cell‐wall skeleton influences the development of cervical carcinoma by promoting the antitumor effect of macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Zhang Siyang , Wang Han , Liu Yisi , Tao Tao , Zeng Zhi , Zhou Yingying , Wang Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs an immune enhancer, Nocardia rubra cell‐wall skeleton (Nr‐CWS) has been used to treat persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical precancerous lesions. However, it is still unclear whether it can be used to treat cervical carcinoma.MethodsIn our study, the aim was to determine whether Nr‐CWS affects the apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells by enhancing the antitumor effect of dendritic cells and macrophages in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe experimental results showed that Nr‐CWS can promote the activity of dendritic cells and macrophages and reduce their apoptosis. It also increased the cytokines IL‐6, IL‐12, TNF‐ɑ, and IL‐1β secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages and reduced their PD‐L1 expression. In vitro, Nr‐CWS inhibited the proliferation, colony forming ability of HeLa and SiHa cervical carcinoma cell lines cultured with macrophages, and more cells were blocked in G2/M phase. Nr‐CWS promoted TNF‐ɑ/TNFR1/caspase‐8‐mediated apoptosis by increasing macrophages secretion of TNF‐ɑ and inhibited cell migration and invasion regulated by the WNT/β‐catenin‐EMT pathway. Nr‐CWS also reduced the expression of the cervical carcinoma genes E6 and E7 thereby increasing expression of p53 gene and decreasing expression of PD‐L1 gene. In vivo, Nr‐CWS inhibited tumor growth and decreased the expression of E6, E7, PD‐L1, P16, Ki67, and PCNA in tumors.ConclusionsTherefore, our results suggest that Nr‐CWS can promote apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells by enhancing the antitumor effect of dendritic cells and macrophages.
Structure Analysis and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of a Polysaccharide from Hippocampus mohnikei
Authors: Cui Mingxiao , Wang Yu , Liu Kehai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of a polysaccharide (HMP‐1) from Hippocampus mohnikei, and to explore its anti‐inflammatory effect. HMP‐1 was obtained from Hippocampus mohnikei by ethanol sedimentation and secondary column chromatography purification. Its structural characteristics were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Results showed its molecular weight (Mw) was 7296 Da, and it mainly consisted of six residues: 1,3‐β‐Glcp, 1,4‐α‐Manp, 1,4‐α‐GalpA, 1,4‐β‐GlcpA2S, 1,4‐α‐Galp3S, and 1,4‐β‐GlcNAc. HMP‐1 could protect RAW246.7 cells from the cytotoxic effect induced by LPS. HMP‐1 also could reduce the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species produced by LPS stimulation, suggesting that HMP‐1 has anti‐inflammatory activities within a certain concentration range.
Promoting digitalization‐related competencies of prospective chemistry teachers – comparison of the effectiveness of a university seminar in a face‐to‐face and online format
Authors: Zimmermann Franziska , Melle Insa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDurch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung muss sich auch die Lehrkräftebildung den veränderten Anforderungen der schulischen Bildung anpassen, indem Professionalisierungsmaßnahmen entwickelt werden, welche explizit digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften fördern. Deshalb wurde ein Hochschulseminar zur Förderung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen angehender Chemielehrkräfte entwickelt und evaluiert. Aufgrund der Corona‐Pandemie musste dieses zu Beginn des Sommersemesters 2020 in ein Online‐Format übertragen werden. Damit stellte sich die Frage, ob die Förderung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen angehender Chemielehrkräfte in einem online durchgeführten Seminar gleichermaßen effektiv ist. Dazu wurden die Studierendengruppen des Präsenz‐ und Online‐Formats hinsichtlich ihrer Veränderungen der Fähigkeiten, digitale Werkzeuge in die Unterrichtsplanung zu integrieren und hinsichtlich ihrer TPACK‐Selbstwirksamkeit und Einstellung zum Einsatz digitaler Werkzeuge im Chemieunterricht miteinander verglichen. Insgesamt stellte sich dabei heraus, dass das in ein Online‐Format übertragene Seminar effektiv zur Förderung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen angehender Chemielehrkräfte ist. Auch wenn im Vergleich zu Präsenz‐Veranstaltungen kein expliziter Nachteil für die Studierenden der Online‐Veranstaltung festgestellt werden konnte, deuten die Ergebnisse an, dass der Lernzuwachs im Präsenz‐Format größer ist, weshalb dieses zu bevorzugen bleibt.
Rational Design and Identification of Harmine‐Inspired,N‐Heterocyclic DYRK1A Inhibitors Employing a Functional Genomic In VivoDrosophilaModel System**
Authors: Huizar Francisco J. , Hill Harrison M. , Bacher Emily P. , Eckert Kaitlyn E. , Gulotty Eva M. , Rodriguez Kevin X. , Tucker Zachary D. , Banerjee Monimoy , Liu Haining , Wiest Olaf , Zartman Jeremiah , Ashfeld Brandon L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeregulation of dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) plays a significant role in developmental brain defects, early‐onset neurodegeneration, neuronal cell loss, dementia, and several types of cancer. Herein, we report the discovery of three new classes ofN‐heterocyclic DYRK1A inhibitors based on the potent, yet toxic kinase inhibitors, harmine and harmol. An initial in vitro evaluation of the small molecule library assembled revealed that the core heterocyclic motifs benzofuranones, oxindoles, and pyrrolones, showed statistically significant DYRK1A inhibition. Further, the utilization of a low cost, high‐throughput functional genomic in vivo model system to identify small molecule inhibitors that normalizeDYRK1Aoverexpression phenotypes is described. This in vivo assay substantiated the in vitro results, and the resulting correspondence validates generated classes as architectural motifs that serve as potential DYRK1A inhibitors. Further expansion and analysis of these core compound structures will allow discovery of safe, more effective chemical inhibitors of DYRK1A to ameliorate phenotypes caused by DYRK1A overexpression.
Psychophysiological treatment of chronic tinnitus: A review
Authors: Czornik Manuel , Malekshahi Azim , Mahmoud Wala , Wolpert Stephan , Birbaumer Niels 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubjective chronic tinnitus consists of a more or less continuous perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding acoustic source, which can lead to various psychological problems like depression, anxiety, attentional deficits and sleep disturbances. The prevalence is 10%–15% of the general population. Various therapy and management options have been proposed, but outcomes vary, and no generally accepted cure exists. In this review, the coherence of the most frequently used aetiological models shall be evaluated, and the efficacy of several treatment options will be discussed. With respect to tinnitus treatments, we focus on controlled studies and meta‐analyses. Although there are some therapies that outweigh placebo effects such as cognitive behavioural therapy, neurofeedback or neuromodulation techniques, they mainly target secondary symptoms and not the tinnitus tone itself. Furthermore, positive treatment effects only seem to last for a limited period of time. We conclude that long‐lasting combination therapies such as neurofeedback of auditory cortex inhibitory EEG signatures, cognitive therapy and sound‐tactile stimulation may provide more efficient outcomes if they target the intensity of the tinnitus tone itself and not only secondary psychological symptoms.
Generation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Polarized Hepatocytes
Authors: Bushweller Leila , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhang Fan , Wu Xianfang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) are valuable tools to study liver biology. HLCs, however, lack certain key in vivo characteristics relevant to their physiological function. One such characteristic is cellular polarity, which is critical to hepatocyte counter‐current flow systems involving canalicular bile secretion and sinusoidal secretion of large quantities of serum proteins into blood. Model systems using non‐polarized hepatocytes, therefore, cannot recapitulate this physiological function of hepatocytes. Here, we describe a stepwise protocol to generate hPSC‐derived polarized HLCs (pol‐HLCs), which feature clearly defined basolateral and apical membranes separated by tight junctions. Pol‐HLCs not only display many hepatic functions but are also capable of directional cargo secretion, mimicking the counter‐current flow systems. We describe protocols for stem cell culture maintenance and for differentiating hPSCs into pol‐HLCs. In addition, we describe protocols to assay the pol‐HLCs for basic hepatic functions and polarized hepatic characteristics. Once successfully differentiated, these pol‐HLCs can be used as an in vitro model system to study hepatocyte biology, disease mechanisms, genetic variation, and drug metabolism. The establishment of hepatic polarity from non‐polarized hPSCs also provides a useful tool to study the development and maintenance of hepatic polarity. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Maintenance of hPSCsBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of hPSCs to pol‐HLCsBasic Protocol 3: Assaying pol‐HLCs for basic hepatic functionsSupport Protocol 1: Assessment of pol‐HLC monolayer tightnessSupport Protocol 2: Assessment of pol‐HLC polarity