bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal infections are underestimated but fatal in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a real-world study leveraging FDA adverse event reporting system from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Liu Yue , Xu Lili , Liu Na , Yang Jianmin , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Clinical trials are underpowered to detect infrequent toxicities following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy such as gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs). Here, we extensively revealed the GIAEs following four U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CD19-targeted CAR-T products using FDA adverse event reporting system, tisagenlecleucel, axicabtagene-ciloleucel, lisocabtagene maraleucel, and brexucabtagene autoleucel. The disproportionality analyses were performed using reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC) and the lower bounds of the ROR and IC 95% confidence interval (CI) (ROR025 and IC025) exceeding one and zero were deemed significant, respectively. Among 105,087,611 reports in FAERS between January 2017 and December 2021, 1518 CAR-T-associated GIAEs reports were identified. 23 GIAEs (n = 281, 18.51%) were significantly overreported following CAR-T therapy compared with the full database, of which 11 GIAEs (n = 156, 10.28%) were associated with gastrointestinal infection such as clostridium difficile colitis (n = 44 [2.90%], ROR = 5.55 [95% CI: 4.12-7.46]), enterovirus infection (n = 23 [1.52%], ROR = 20.02 [13.15-30.48]), and mucormycosis (n = 15 [0.99%], ROR = 5.13 [3.09-8.54], all IC025 > 0). Overall, the fatality rate of 11 overreported infection-related GIAEs was 29.49%, which was higher following tisagenlecleucel compared with axicabtagene-ciloleucel (31.45% vs. 24.14%). In this largest post-marketing study to date, we firstly analyzed the CAR-T-associated GIAEs comprehensively and found that gastrointestinal infections were underestimated but led to substantial mortality in CAR-T recipients, which provided a deeper understanding of CAR-T therapy and early alert of those rare but life-threatening GIAEs for the clinician.
The Synergistic Electroantennogram Responses of Spodoptera litura to Plant Volatiles and Sex Pheromones
Authors: Yao Mengshuabg , Zhang Zhilin , Meng Jianyu , Chen Wenlong , Zhang Changyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of tobacco, has substantial detrimental effects on many crops production. Sex pheromone has been widely used in pest forecasting and controlling. Plant volatiles as a kind of synergists may provide more efficient services to avoid the limitation of sex attractant in comprehensive trapping pests. To improve the effectiveness of its female-produced sex pheromone were evaluated using electroantennography. The 21 volatile compounds were tested in S.litura, several compounds with strong responses were selected and compared the responses of different concentrations, different proportions and mixed preparation. The both females and males had strong responses by Benzaldehyde, Heptaldehyde, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, Ethyl benzoate, Myrcene, Benzyl alcohol, with the increase of concentrations, the EAG response values also increased gradually. Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol was mixed with Heptaldehyde, the strongest responses of females and males were elicited when the ratio was 9:1 and 8:2, respectively. And cis-3-Hexen-1-ol mixed with Myrcene, the strongest responses were elicited when the ratio was 1:1 and 3:7. Heptadehyde mixed with Benzyl alcohol, the strongest responses were elicited when the ratio was 1:9 and 6:4. Also, three formulations including single Heptaldehyde, the mixture of cis-3-Hexen-1-ol and Heptaldehyde, the mixture of cis-3-Hexen-1-ol and Myrcene were strongly significantly enhanced the EAG responses of the moths to sex pheromone. This study demonstrates the capability of S. litura females and males to detect and discriminate among different volatiles,and provides a theoretical basis for further olfactometer and field trapping works.
Survival benefits and disparities in radiation therapy for elderly patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Biyang , Wu chenchen , Zhang Letian , Jing Wang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The effects of radiation therapy (RT) on outcomes for elderly patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not well defined in the literature. We extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database to explore the impact of RT on survival in elderly PDAC patients. Methods: Elderly patients (age≥ 65years) with PDAC were collected from the SEER database between 2004 and 2018. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with RT administration. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients receiving RT or non-RT were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the effects of prognostic factors on survival. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance the baseline characteristics of the two groups. Subgroup analyses were carried out based on clinical characteristics.Results: A total of 12245 patients met our inclusion criteria with 2551 (20.8%) patients treated with RT while 9694 (79.2%) patients did not. In the matched population, RT was associated with significantly improved survival (median OS, 14.0 vs. 11.0 months; HR for OS, 0.818, 95% CI, 0.768 - 0.872, p<0.001; and HR for CSS, 0.816, 95% CI, 0.765-0.871, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that RT improved OS and CSS compared with non-RT in those patients aged 65 to 80 years, in regional and distant stages, without surgery, or received chemotherapy. Younger age, diagnosis in an earlier period, primary site in the head, localized disease, greater tumor size, and the presence of chemotherapy were associated with receipt of RT (all p< 0.05).Conclusions: RT is associated with significantly improved survival for elderly PDAC patients, especially for these inoperable patients. There are significant differences in the elderly populations who receive RT.
Efficacy of Low-dose Rituximab in Minimal Change Disease and Prevention of Relapse
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Hui , Li Xiaoli , Qian Rui , Gao Peijuan , Lu Shouyan , Ma Zhigang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) is a major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children and in a minority of adults. Higher tendency to relapse put patients at risk of prolonged exposure of steroids and other immunosuppressive agents. Selective depletion of B cells with rituximab (RTX) may benefifit the autoimmune glomerular disease. Methods: Twenty-two MCD patients were designated as the relapse treatment group，who were treated with low-dose RTX (4 infusions of 200 mg once a week, 200 mg was added every 6 months thereafter) in this study to demonstrate efficacy and adverse effect. Eleven patients who achieved complete remission after steroid therapy were also included and they were designated as the relapse prevention group. For these patients, our main purpose was to use RTX (200 mg once every 6 months) to observe its efficacy in preventing the disease relapse. Results: Twenty-one patients in the relapse treatment group achieved remission during a mean follow-up of 18.5 months after rituximab administration. Only one of the patients in partial remission had relapsed. Eleven patients in the relapse prevention group were followed up for 14.7 months after RTX treatment in a stable condition with no relapse. The average dose of steroids in both groups at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that before RTX.Conclusions: Low-dose RTX is efficient and safe in adult patients suffering from severe steroid-dependent minimal change disease. In addition, both of the relapse rate and dose of steroids used are significantly decreased with fewer side effects.
The Study of Migration Mechanism of Soil Water and Salinity during Freezing-thawing Process of Double Ridges Mulching
Authors: Ma Bo , He Jinyu , Zhao Wenjuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The freezing and thawing process caused soil water and salinity migration from depth to surface that led to massive evaporation and soil salination in spring. Ridges mulching is a very efficient method not only improved soil temperature, restrain evaporation, collected precipitation, but do not affected cultivation. Soil water characteristic curves reveal the relationship of soil water and soil suction, has very important meaning to research soil water migration. The study selected two kinds side mulching methods and one control as objects, the two kinds side mulching methods was weave overlay plastic film and weave, one control was bare soil. van Genuchten (VG) and Brooks and Corey (BC) models were adopted to simulated soil water characteristic curve in the freezing-thawing process. The result showed that VG model has higher simulation accuracy, and the coefficients of determination R2 are above 0.9 and nRMSE are less than 10% for BS, W and FW simulation tests except for W and FW conditions of 5 cm. The soil temperature from 0 to 30 cm depth during freezing was highest in FW, second in W, and lowest in BS. Soil water and salinity have migrated during freezing-thawing process, compared with before freezing, soil water increased from 30 cm depth under bare soil conditions and from 15 cm under mulching cover conditions after the end of freezing-thawing, and the same pattern for soil EC, from 15cm depth under mulching conditions soil EC values increased, the EC values at 15cm depth under bare soil conditions still decreasing. The study achievement can provide a reference for the study of water-salinity migration and water characteristic curves during freezing and thawing of soils in arid and cold regions, and also provide a theoretical basis for soil water conservation, suppression of evaporation from farmland and salinity accumulation in topsoil.
Towards Inclusive Green Growth in Africa: Critical energy efficiency synergies and governance thresholds
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Gbolonyo Emmanuel , Ojong Nathanael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study contributes to the scholarly literature on the drive towards sustainable development in light of the UN’s Agenda 2030 and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 by examining pathways through which energy efficiency (EE) promotes inclusive green growth (IGG) in Africa. Our contribution is novel from both the conceptual and empirical perspectives. With regard to the former, we develop a framework on how EE and governance feed into IGG, and on the latter, our contribution is based on country-level data for 23 African countries for the period 1996 – 2020. First, evidence from the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator shows that EE is not unconditionally effective for spurring IGG. Second, we find that governance is both directly, and indirectly effective for repackaging EE to foster IGG. In particular, the evidence suggests that governance mechanisms for controlling corruption while ensuring regulatory quality and government effectiveness are keys for forming relevant synergies with EE to foster IGG. Third, regarding the socioeconomic sustainability (SES) and environmental sustainability (EVS) dichotomy of IGG, we find that the EE-governance pathway is more effective for driving the latter compared to the former. We also make some policy recommendations.
Small patches are disproportionately important for biodiversity conservation, despite ecosystem decay
Authors: Riva Federico , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often extrapolated to infer negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity at a landscape scale. However, such cross-scale extrapolations often fail, undermining the effectiveness of policies based on them. Forty-two percent of the manuscripts that cited a recent, landmark patch-scale analysis (Chase et al. 2020, Nature 584, 238–243) used it to infer negative fragmentation effects, despite the fact that Chase et al. cautioned against such extrapolation. We use the same dataset used by Chase et al. to test whether it is valid to extrapolate their observed patch-scale patterns to a landscape scale. We compare species diversity across many small vs. few large patches totaling the same area and sampling effort, while accounting for the patch-scale "ecosystem decay" observed in Chase et al. We find that landscape-scale patterns are opposite to their equivalent patch-scale patterns. For an equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with mean size of the patches comprising that habitat area, whether considering all species or only species of conservation concern. Thus, landscape-scale processes (e.g., turnover) enhance biodiversity across sets of many small patches despite ecosystem decay within each patch, and this is not due to incursion of generalist species into small patches. Our results confirm that patch-scale biodiversity patterns can rarely be extrapolated to a landscape scale. Most importantly, they highlight that conservation should recognize the value of small habitat patches as an important asset for preserving biodiversity worldwide.
Knowledge and practices toward Hepatitis B virus infection among Healthcare workers in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Coffie Patrick Ahuatchi , Boni Simon , Bitty-Anderson Alexandra , Niangoran Serge B. , Touré Frank Y. , Tchabert Annick G. , Ello Frédéric N. , Tchounga Boris K. , Allah-Kouadio Emile , Ekouevi Didier K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are key players in the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa. Data on their knowledge and practices are scarce in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practices of HCWs from three regions of Côte d’Ivoire toward HBV infection, and to identify their associated factors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2019 in three regions of Côte d’Ivoire: Abidjan (South), Bouaké (Center) and Korhogo (North). Five tertiary, 13 secondary and 13 primary health facilities were selected. All HCWs from the selected centers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, laboratory technicians and care assistants, aged 18 years and above, who agreed to participate were included. A standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with good knowledge, HBV infection screening and vaccination uptake.Results: A total of 705 HCWs were included at a median age of 37 years [IQR: 32-44]: 193 (27.4%) physicians, 185 (26.2%) nurses, 119 (16.9%) midwives, 77(10.9%) laboratory technicians and 131 (18.6%) care assistants. Overall, 239 (33.9%) had good knowledge, 403 (57.2%) were screened, 505 (71.6%) received at least one dose of HBV vaccine, and 219 (31.1%) had been exposed to blood and/or body fluids in the previous 12 months. Predictors for good knowledge included being a physician and working in a tertiary health facility. Predictors for screening included being a laboratory technician and working in a tertiary health facility, while those for vaccination included being a female and having had a history of screening.Conclusions: This study showed a relatively poor level of knowledge and practices of HCWs toward HBV infection in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, training on HBV knowledge and primary prevention measures should be implemented among HCWs as well as national public health policies and strategies for HBV screening and vaccination.
Values and their Congruence as Predictors for Organizational Commitment
Authors: Țânculescu-Popa Lavinia , Bostan Cristina Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Individual values and the congruence between the individual and the organizational values are important elements that help companies motivate their people by developing their employees’ organizational commitment. Participants from 6 major industries in Romania answered voluntarily to a set of questions regarding values and organizational commitment. Out of a set of seven value (i.e., emphasis on rewards, competitiveness, innovation, performance orientation, social responsibility, stability, and supportiveness; Sarros et al., 2005) to explain the three types of organizational commitment (i.e., affective, normative and continuance commitment), social responsibility, innovation and stability have a significant incremental effect. Findings indicate that social responsibility answers for 9.4% of affective commitment and for 9% of normative Commitment. Innovation adds 1.2% to the explanation of affective commitment and stability explains 4% of continuance commitment. Social responsibility together with stability values are linked to environment, not only the environment of the organization, but the environment in the broader sense. The paper provides insights on how companies, considering those values dimensions, cherish each employee’s distinct individuality and contribution and build a track record of vivid inclusion practices. Results of the current research companies could better tailor their recruitment and selection practices, retention programs, secure talent and, ultimately, save costs.
Accurate shot-noise-limited calibration of a time-domain balanced homodyne detector for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Guo Xubo , Jia Yanxiang , Zhang Yu , Lu Zhenguo , Liu Jianqiang , Li Yongmin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The time-domain balanced homodyne detector (TBHD) is critical component in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). The shot-noise-limited attribute of a TBHD depends on the whole spectrum of detector, in contrast to a frequency-domain balanced homodyne detector that focuses only on part of the spectrum. We propose a method for accurate calibration of the shot-noise-limited attribute of the TBHD by overlapping the gain lines of the TBHD and an integrated photodetector. The overlapping of two lines indicates that the detector is indeed shot noise limited, which is crucial to the security of CVQKD. Experimentally, we use this method to obtain a calibration error of ±1‰. Theoretical analysis showed that the CVQKD performance is very sensitive to calibration errors of shot noise, and proper countermeasures should be employed to eliminate this issue. The presented methods are expected to contribute to CVQKD security and TBHD standardization.
Climate change and nutrient fluctuations interact to affect ecological networks in lakes
Authors: Merz Ewa , Saberski Erik , Gilarranz Luis J. , Isles Peter , Sugihara George , Berger Christine , Pomati Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Climate change interacts with local processes to threaten biodiversity by disrupting the complex network of ecological interactions, wherein variation in network links drastically affects ecosystems (e.g., species loss). However, how ecological networks respond to climate change is largely unknown. We herein consider 24–43 years of monthly data from plankton communities in five peri-alpine Swiss lakes subject to warming and re-oligotrophication. Using empirical dynamic modeling, we show that the number and strength of causal taxa interactions respond nonlinearly, yet predictably, to water temperature and phosphorus. Warming reduces the connectance of ecological networks, particularly under high phosphate levels. This network reorganization shifts trophic control of food webs, leading to consumers being controlled by resources—signaling stability loss. By exposing the outcomes of complex interactions between warming, nutrient supply and plankton ecology, our results provide tools for studying and advancing our understanding of how climate change impacts the fabric of biodiversity.
Effect of Barely (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Blending Ratios on Injera in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: WoldeMariam Lamrot , Mamo Gosa , Woldyes Fikirte 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopians are dependent on teff flour to make injera as staple food. In Ethiopia, although injera could be made from different cereals, The price of teff is high and the yield is low. Thus finding alternative cheaper grain and developing blend potato and barley improved variety in different ratio with acceptable and improved nutritional value would be important.
Methods
This study was conducted to determine effects of blending ratios on Proximate, mineral composition and sensory acceptability of barley and potato composite injera. Proximate and mineral analysis of injera was done using standard methods, and sensory evaluation was made using 5-point hedonic scales. Seven parameters were prepared to evaluate the effect of blending ratio on color, taste; texture, appearance, flavor, roll ability and sourness of Injera.
Result
From the study result injera proximate quality ranked B1 to B3 could be used as an alternative option for injera utilization and provide nutritional benefit to consumers ,minerals like iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium were increased as proportion of potato flour increased for both potato barely composite injera, High iron (70.89ppm), zinc (37.53 ppm) and calcium (684.65ppm and magnesium (663.59ppm)) contents were obtained from B3 for iron and zinc and B4 for calcium and magnesium of potato barely blended injera. The sensory quality such as color, taste, appearance and flavor of injera became unacceptable beyond B3.
Conclusion
In general from proximate composition, minerals and sensory quality perspective blending ratios from B1 to B3 could be used as an alternative option for injera utilization and provide nutritional benefit to consumers. The outcome of the research has a significant implication in food security and nutrition security
Activity networks determine project performance
Authors: Vazquez Alexei , Pozzana Iacopo , Kalogridis Georgios , Ellinas Christos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Projects are characterised by activity networks with a critical path, a sequence of activities from start to end, that must be finished on time to complete the project on time. Watching over the critical path is the project manager’s strategy to ensure timely project completion. This intense focus on a single path contrasts the broader complex structure of the activity network, and is due to our poor understanding on how that structure influences this critical path. Here, we use a generative model and detailed data from 77 real world projects (+$10bn total budget) to demonstrate how this network structure forces us to look beyond the critical path. We introduce a duplication-split model of project schedules that yields (i) identical power-law in- and-out degree distributions and (ii) a vanishing fraction of critical path activities with schedule size. These predictions are corroborated in real projects. We demonstrate that the incidence of delayed activities in real projects is consistent with the expectation from percolation theory in complex networks. We conclude that delay propagation in project schedules is a network property and it is not confined to the critical path.