bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic‐hydrogel composite as carrier for cold‐plasma reactive‐species: Safety and osteogenic capacity in vivo
Authors: Solé‐Martí Xavi , Labay Cédric , Raymond Yago , Franch Jordi , Benitez Raul , Ginebra Maria‐Pau , Canal Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlasma‐treated hydrogels have been put forward as a potential selective osteosarcoma therapy through the release of reactive species to the diseased site. To allow their translation to the clinics, it is crucial to show that the oxidative stress delivered by such hydrogels does not adversely affect healthy tissues. This is evaluated here by investigating the in vivo performance of a robocasted calcium phosphate cement infiltrated by a plasma‐treated hydrogel. The plasma‐treated composite implanted in a critical size bone defect of healthy rabbits revealed its safety, allowing equivalent bone ingrowth compared to the control scaffolds and to that of direct plasma treatment of the bone defect. This opens the door for using composite biomaterials containing plasma‐generated reactive species in bone therapies.
Inhaler technique in a pediatric emergency department: Impact of an education intervention among healthcare professionals
Authors: Jové‐Blanco Ana , Toledano‐Revenga Javier , Rivas‐García Arístides , Vazquez‐López Paula , Lorente‐Romero Jorge , Marañón Rafael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundInhaler technique (IT) knowledge among healthcare providers is poor. The aim was to improve Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) healthcare providers' IT technique by carrying out an education intervention and sustain it for 6 months.MethodsOpen‐label, quasi‐experimental, prospective, and unicentric study. Healthcare professionals working at the PED were enrolled. The study was developed in three phases: baseline evaluation and education intervention (P1) and reevaluation 1 month (P2) and 6 months (P3) after the education intervention. Participants fulfilled an eight‐question theoretical test. Practical skills were evaluated by demonstrating IT in all three phases. The education intervention consisted in a verbal explanation of IT followed by a demonstration of IT with metered‐dose inhaler using a mannequin.ResultsA total of 84 healthcare providers (medical residents, nurses, and nursing assistants) were involved. In the theoretical questionnaire, the mean score at baseline was 4.4/8 (SD 1.7) improving to 6.3/8 (SD 1.2) in P2 and 6.47/8 (SD 1.1) in P3. In the IT evaluation for children <7 years old, the score improved from 5.7/7 (SD 1.3) to 6.5/7 in P2 and 6.7/7 in P3 (p < 0.001). For children >7 years old, the mean score of IT at baseline was 3.1/10 (SD 4), which improved to 7.4/10 (SD 3) and 8.2/10 in P2 and P3, respectively (p < 0.001). Only professional category influenced results at baseline.ConclusionHealthcare providers' theoretical knowledge and practical skills on IT are low. The education intervention performed is a useful strategy to ameliorate IT among healthcare providers.
Efficacy and safety of sotrovimab in patients with COVID‐19: A rapid review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Amani Behnam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of sotrovimab in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sotrovimab in COVID‐19 patients. To this end, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 August 2022. The reference lists of key studies were also scanned to find additional records. Meta‐analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. Seventeen studies involving 27,429 patients were included. A significant difference was observed in mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25–0.63, p = 0.00), hospitalisation rate (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.43–0.65. p = 0.00), hospital or death rate (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.25–0.73, p = 0.00), the need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.33–0.96, p = 0.03), and ICU admission (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.17–0.67, p = 0.00) of the sotrovimab‐receiving group compared to those having no sotrovimab. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of disease progression (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.16–1.24, p = 0.12) and emergency department visit (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.83–1.24, p = 0.87). The two groups had no significant difference in terms of incidence of adverse events (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.78–1.23, p = 0.88). The findings of the present meta‐analysis support that sotrovimab could be an effective and safe treatment option to reduce mortality and hospitalisation rate in both Delta and Omicron Variants of COVID‐19.
Stabilization of highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching by periodically intermittent feedback control
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article mainly studies the stabilization of highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching by using periodically intermittent feedback control, whose feedback control has a time delay. For a given unstable highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching, a periodically intermittent feedback control function is imposed. By using the Lyapunov function method, M‐matrix and comparison principle, the th moment exponential stability of highly nonlinear hybrid neutral stochastic systems is established. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate our theoretical analysis results.
Research on fault diagnosis of bearings in walking part of wall‐building robot based on roadside acoustic signal
Authors: Gao Tianhao , Zhang Ke , Hu Yunjian , Chen Lu , Zhou Heng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe walking part of the wall‐building robot is an important component whose health influences the robot's overall performance, and the bearing of the walking part is a critical but often disregarded component. As a result, based on acoustic signals from the roadside, this study proposes a method of bearing fault monitoring of walking parts to ensure the more stable operation of the wall‐building robot. To begin, due to the Doppler effect caused by the relative displacement between the sensor and the walking part, the collected acoustic signal has frequency shift and amplitude attenuation, so the multiple signal classification spectrum estimation method with added windows is first used to determine the position and speed of the walking part bearing in real time, and then obtain a resampled time series of the distorted signal. Second, the distorted signal is resampled by Morse acoustic theory to correct the distorted sound signal collected by the array sensor. Third, a multitask deep learning method with an attention mechanism is designed to jointly diagnose the fault type and damage degree of bearing by analyzing the corrected acoustic signal. The experimental results show that the method can effectively restore the distorted signal while still accurately and stably detecting the fault type and damage degree of the bearing under a variety of working conditions and external disturbances, making it more suitable for the work of wall‐building robots.
Heterostructures Stimulate Electric‐Field to Facilitate Optimal Zn2+ Intercalation in MoS2 Cathode
Authors: Yao Xincheng , Li Chenglin , Xiao Ran , Li Jieqiong , Yang Hao , Deng Jianqiu , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe electric‐field effect is an important factor to enhance the charge diffusion and transfer kinetics of interfacial electrode materials. Herein, by designing a heterojunction, the influence of the electric‐field effect on the kinetics of the MoS2 as cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is deeply investigated. The hybrid heterojunction is developed by hydrothermal growth of MoS2 nanosheets on robust titanium‐based transition metal compound ([titanium nitride, TiN] and [titanium oxide, TiO2]) nanowires, denoted TNC@MoS2 and TOC@MoS2 NWS, respectively. Benefiting from the heterostructure architecture and electric‐field effect, the TNC@MoS2 electrodes exhibit an impressive rate performance of 200 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and cycling stability over 3000 cycles. Theoretical studies reveal that the hybrid architecture exhibits a large‐scale electric‐field effect at the interface between TiN and MoS2, enhances the adsorption energy of Zn‐ions, and increases their charge transfer, which leads to accelerated diffusion kinetics. In addition, the electric‐field effect can also be effectively applied to TiO2 and MoS2, confirming that the concept of heterostructures stimulating electric‐field can provide a relevant understanding for the architecture of other cathode materials for AZIBs and beyond.
Unlocking the High Capacity Ammonium‐Ion Storage in Defective Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Wu Yulin , Dong Shengyang , Lv Nan , Xu Zikang , Ren Ruiqi , Zhu Guoyin , Huang Baoling , Zhang Yizhou , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion storage has been considered a promising energy storage competitor to meet the requirements of safety, affordability, and sustainability. However, ammonium‐ion storage is still in its infancy in the absence of reliable electrode materials. Here, defective VO2 (d‐VO) is employed as an anode material for ammonium‐ion batteries with a moderate transport pathway and high reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1. Notably, an anisotropic or anisotropic behavior of structural change of d‐VO between c‐axis and ab planes depends on the state of charge (SOC). Compared with potassium‐ion storage, ammonium‐ion storage delivers a higher diffusion coefficient and better electrochemical performance. A full cell is further fabricated by d‐VO anode and MnO2 cathode, which delivers a high energy density of 96 Wh kg−1 (based on the mass of VO2), and a peak energy density of 3254 W kg−1. In addition, capacity retention of 70% can be obtained after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. What's more, the resultant quasi‐solid‐state MnO2//d‐VO full cell based on hydrogel electrolyte also delivers high safety and decent electrochemical performance. This work will broaden the potential applications of the ammonium‐ion battery for sustainable energy storage.
What Can Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD‐OES) Technique Tell Us about Perovskite Solar Cells?
Authors: Zheng Daming , Volovitch Polina , Pauporté Thierry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emerging broad range of applications of the glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) technique in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) research is reviewed. It can provide a large palette of information by easily and quickly tracking the depth distribution of light to heavy elements. After a discussion of the advantages and the limitations of the technique and a comparison with other analytical techniques, how GD‐OES is employed to give structural information on perovskite solar cells is shown. GD‐OES has allowed the full perovskite film formation process investigation, from the initial precursor layers containing soaking and complexed solvent to the final crystallized 3D perovskite layers. The A‐site elemental cations distribution is followed‐up during the film formation. In addition, this technique gives a deep insight into the action mechanism of additives and their effects on the film formation. It provides fruitful information on optimized light absorbing layers and on the selective contact layers which ensure the charge transport in PSCs. It allows to directly visualize halide ions migration and their blocking by ad‐hoc chemical engineering and to study the films and PSCs ageing. GD‐OES opens new perspectives to explain the final performances of the devices.
High‐Performance Broadband Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy of 2D Materials and Thin Magnetic Films
Authors: Carey Benjamin , Wessling Nils Kolja , Steeger Paul , Klusmann Christoph , Schneider Robert , Fix Mario , Schmidt Robert , Albrecht Manfred , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Arora Ashish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) technique is presented for measurements on the micrometer scale. Spectral acquisition speeds of about two orders of magnitude faster than state‐of‐the‐art modulation spectroscopy setups are demonstrated. The experimental method is based on charge‐coupled‐device detection, avoiding speed‐limiting components, such as polarization modulators with lock‐in amplifiers. At the same time, FRS spectra are obtained with a sensitivity of 20 µrad () over a broad spectral range (525–800 nm), which is on par with state‐of‐the‐art polarization‐modulation techniques. The new measurement and analysis technique also automatically cancels unwanted Faraday rotation backgrounds. Using the setup, Faraday rotation spectroscopy of excitons is performed in a hexagonal boron nitride‐encapsulated atomically thin semiconductor WS2 under magnetic fields of up to 1.4 T at room temperature and liquid helium temperature. An exciton g‐factor of −4.4 ± 0.3 is determined at room temperature, and −4.2 ± 0.2 at liquid helium temperature. In addition, FRS and hysteresis loop measurements are performed on a 20 nm thick film of an amorphous magnetic Tb20Fe80 alloy.
Holdase/Foldase Mimetic Nanochaperone Improves Antibody‐Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Fu Hao , Chen Jiajing , Xu Linlin , An Yingli , Ma Rujiang , Zhu Chunlei , Liu Yang , Ma Feihe , Shi Linqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite unprecedented successes of antibody‐based cancer immunotherapy, the serious side effects and rapid clearance following systemic administration remain big challenges to realize its full potential. At the same time, combination immunotherapy using multiple antibodies has shown particularly promising in cancer treatment. It is noticed that the working mechanisms of natural holdase and foldase chaperone are desirable to overcome the limitations of therapeutic antibodies. Holdase chaperone stabilizes unfolded client and prevents it from activation and degradation, while foldase chaperone assists unfolded client to its native state to function. Here a holdase/foldase mimetic nanochaperone (H/F‐nChap) to co‐delivery two types of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), αCD16 and αPDL1, and resiquimod (R848) is developed, which significantly improves cancer immunotherapy. The H/F‐nChap presents holdase activity in blood and normal tissues that hides and protects mAbs from unnecessary targeted activation and degradation, thereby prolonging blood circulation and reducing immunotoxicity in vivo. Furthermore, H/F‐nChap switches to foldase activity in the tumor microenvironment that exposes mAbs and releases R848 to enhance the engagement between NK cells and tumor cells and promote immune activation, respectively. The H/F‐nChap represents a strategy for safe and spatiotemporal delivery of multiple mAbs, providing a promising platform for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Identification of faecal Escherichia coli isolates with similar patterns of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs and their owners
Authors: Naziri Zahra , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Zare Sahar , Akbarzadeh Niaki Malihe , Motamedi Boroojeni Azar , Eraghi Vida , Shirmohamadi Sosfad Abolfazl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli allows them to survive and cause infections. The close contact between humans and pets can reinforce the risk of transmitting resistant and virulent bacteria between them.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the patterns of the presence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, as well as important virulence genes in E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and their owners.MethodsPolymerase chain reactions were performed for detection of antimicrobial resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, strA and strB) and virulence (fimH, iss, sitA and malX) genes in 144 faecal E. coli isolates from 28 dog–owner pairs and 16 humans who did not keep any pets as controls.ResultsAmong the investigated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, tetA (52.1%) and fimH (86.8%) genes had the highest prevalence. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in isolates of dogs and their owners. In total, 46.4% of dog–owner pairs had the same patterns of presence or absence of six antimicrobial resistance genes, 50.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of four virulence genes and 25.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of all 10 tested genes.ConclusionThe presence of antimicrobial‐resistant virulent E. coli in humans and pets may predispose them to infections that are hard to cure with conventional antibiotics. Notable frequency of dogs’ and their owners’ E. coli isolates with similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes may indicate the possibility of sharing virulent antimicrobial resistant E. coli between them.
Use of crosslinking agent to produce high‐performance PLA/EVA blends via reactive processing
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most currently investigated polymers due to its production from renewable sources and biodegradability. Being a brittle polymer, PLA has low toughness, limiting its use for commercial applications. Therefore, the present work aims to produce PLA blends, using the ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), dynamically vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent. A 70/30 mixture of PLA/EVA was produced with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr DCP. The produced blends were characterized by torque rheometry, melt flow index (MFI), gel content, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile properties, impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), and blends morphologies (SEM) were also studied. The presence of increased dynamically vulcanized systems with added DCP was verified through torque rheometry, MFI, and gel content. Substantial increases in the impact strength and elongation at break were observed in PLA/EVA/DCP, providing super‐tough materials at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr of DCP, with impact strengths of 829.5, 860.3, and 890.2 J/m and elongation at break of 138.5, 146.8, and 120.4%, respectively. These results are promising when compared with engineering polymers and blends. This is probably due to in situ compatibilizer PLA‐g‐EVA, which resulted in a homogeneous morphology as evidenced by SEM images.
Preregistration in Animal Research
Authors: Heinl Céline , Schönfelder Gilbert , Bert Bettina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttempts to replicate published studies have too often failed, and promising preclinical results could not be translated into clinical breakthroughs. Major causes for this lack of reproducibility are practical reasons such as selective reporting, poor study design, or insufficient method description. However, a rigid incentive system shaped by publishers, institutions, and funders intensifies the problem by favoring exciting results over robust ones. Poor quality of biomedical research not only slows down the scientific progress, it also represents an ethical issue. When animal experiments do not contribute to any knowledge gain, the justification for these experiments is not given, and animal lives are wasted. Preregistration of animal research, i.e., registration of the study protocol before the experiment has started, supports scientists in designing an excellent research study, prevents questionable scientific practices, and improves the reporting of all outcomes. With the online platform animalstudyregistry.org, scientists worldwide can now easily register their animal study and show their commitment to open science. To enable a broad uptake of preregistration into biomedical research, funders, publishers, and institutions need to acknowledge preregistration as an engagement for transparent and robust science.
The Geoeconomics of Chinese Bank Expansion into the European Union
Authors: Balmas Paolo , Dörry Sabine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe apply the concept of geoeconomics to the example of Chinese state-owned commercial banks based in Luxembourg and their financial activities in the European Union. The case study links the uneven relationship between China and Luxembourg to the field of international finance via large Chinese state-owned banks as important but analytically neglected actors. In doing so, we analyze how economic resources are used by, through and between nation states in the pursuit of their strategic goals. Starting from the observation that Chinese banking networks primarily provide a platform for the implementation of direct investments by Chinese companies, we identify important mechanisms and practices of Chinese banks, their anchoring in Luxembourg and the limited fulfilment of Western policy makers’ expectations from the presence of the Chinese banks in Luxembourg. Furthermore, we analyze instruments and strategies that define important aspects and dimensions of the concept of geoeconomics and complement them with the agency attributed to Chinese banks. An interesting paradox emerges from our analysis: while the geoeconomic power of Chinese banks’ activities is limited by the strict adherence to Chinese state development guidelines, the new organization of the Chinese banking networks in the EU suggests that they will be able to exercise their geoeconomic power in the future; with corresponding implications for local economies and economic development in Europe.
Immersion in Audiovisual Experiences
Authors: Agrawal Sarvesh R. , Bech Søren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the concept of immersion and its influencing factors is critical for enabling engaging audiovisual experiences. However, a lack of definitional consensus and suitable methods for assessing immersion hinder research on the subject. This chapter discusses the idea of immersion based on a non-exhaustive literature review of the topic and presents an adaptable definition of immersion that is not limited to virtual reality applications. Additionally, an exploratory experimental paradigm for measuring immersion in audiovisual experiences is described. The description of immersion and the experimental framework presented in this chapter are a starting point for resolving the difference in opinion and developing novel methods to thoroughly explore the concept of immersion respectively.
Spatial Audio Mixing in Virtual Reality
Authors: Riddershom Bargum Anders , Ingi Kristjánsson Oddur , Babó Péter , Eske Waage Nielsen Rasmus , Rostami Mosen Simon , Serafin Stefania 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of Virtual Reality (VR) systems and multimodal simulations presents possibilities in spatial-music mixing, be it in virtual spaces, for ensembles and orchestral compositions or for surround sound in film and music. Traditionally, user interfaces for mixing music have employed the channel-strip metaphor for controlling volume, panning and other audio effects that are aspects that also have grown into the culture of mixing music spatially. Simulated rooms and two-dimensional panning systems are simply implemented on computer screens to facilitate the placement of sound sources within space. In this chapter, we present design aspects for mixing in VR, investigating already existing virtual music mixing products and creating a framework from which a virtual spatial-music mixing tool can be implemented. Finally, the tool will be tested against a similar computer version to examine whether or not the sensory benefits and palpable spatial proportions of a VE can improve the process of mixing 3D sound.