bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop physiological considerations for combining variable-density planting to optimize seed costs and weed suppression
Authors: Ethridge Sandra R. , Locke Anna M. , Everman Wesley J. , Jordan David L. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh crop densities are valuable to increase weed suppression, but growers might be reluctant to implement this practice due to increased seed cost. Because it is also possible to lower planting densities in areas with no or low weed interference risk, the area allocated to each planting density must be optimized considering seed cost and productivity per plant. In this study, the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were characterized in response to low planting densities and arrangements. The results were used to develop a bioeconomic model to optimize the area devoted to high- and low-density plantings to increase weed suppression without increasing seed cost. Physiological differences seen in each crop varied with the densities tested; however, maize was the only crop that had differences in yield (per area) between densities. When a model to optimize low and high planting densities was used, maize and cotton showed the most plasticity in yield per planted seed (g seed−1) and area of low density to compensate for high-density area unit. Maize grown at 75% planting density compared with the high-planting density (200%) increased yield (g seed−1) by 229%, return by 43%, and profit by 79% while decreasing the low-density area needed to compensate for high-density area. Cotton planted at 25% planting density compared with the 200% planting density increased yield (g seed−1) by 1,099%, return by 46%, and profit by 62% while decreasing the low-density area needed to compensate for high-density area. In contrast, the high morphological plasticity of soybean did not translate into changes in area optimization, as soybean maintained return, profit, and a 1:1 ratio for area compensation. This optimization model could allow for the use of variable planting at large scales to increase weed suppression while minimizing costs to producers.
A Statistical Analysis of Multiple Characteristics of Subauroral Polarization Streams During 15 Intense Magnetic Storms
Authors: Ross Jack R. , Huang Chao‐Song 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubauroral polarization streams (SAPS) are persistent westward plasma drift equatorward of the auroral oval in the dusk‐midnight sector during geomagnetic storms. Past research has studied the dependence of SAPS latitude on Dst and the seasonal and diurnal variations of SAPS. However, other characterizations of the SAPS structure are largely unexplored. In this study, a new method is developed for SAPS determination which does not require manual analysis. The method is then applied to 15 intense magnetic storms between 2000 and 2015 using data measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites, and the SAPS are characterized at every hour of the storm by (a) magnetic latitude, (b) peak velocity, (c) average velocity, and (d) the integration of velocity over the width of the SAPS, denoted Area. The following statistical analysis of these results demonstrates that all four characteristics have strong correlations with Dst and weak‐to‐moderate correlations with the interplanetary magnetic field. SAPS local time dependence and main phase dependence are derived as well. Finally, a qualitative observation is discussed wherein Area varies with IMF Bz before Dst even begins to show evidence of a magnetic storm. These relationships provide new insight into SAPS evolution and its dependence on solar wind and magnetic activity.
Impact of Parametrizing Microphysical Processes in the Jet and Vortex Phase on Contrail Cirrus Properties and Radiative Forcing
Authors: Bier A. , Burkhardt U. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContrail ice nucleation and ice crystal loss during the vortex phase control ice crystal numbers in young contrails and can have a strong impact on the properties and the life cycle of contrail cirrus. For current soot number emissions, ice nucleation is controlled by the number of emitted soot particles and atmospheric conditions while the vortex phase loss depends predominantly on the nucleated ice crystal numbers and the ambient relative humidity. Initial ice crystal numbers after the vortex phase are close to the emitted soot particle number only for very low ambient temperatures (<210 K) and for highly ice‐supersaturated conditions. Higher temperatures and lower relative humidities lead to significantly decreased ice crystal numbers. Global climate model simulations show that initial contrail ice crystal numbers per fuel mass are on average 50%–65% decreased relative to the soot number emission index in the extratropics and more in tropics. In the extratropics, this is mainly caused by a high ice crystal loss during the vortex phase and in the (sub)tropics and at lower flight levels by decreased ice nucleation. Simulated ice crystal numbers per newly formed contrail length agree well with in situ measurements over central Europe within the variability of present‐day soot number emissions. Our estimated global mean contrail cirrus radiative forcing (RF) for the year 2006 is 44 (31–49) mWm−2, around 22% lower than estimated in a previous study. When reducing soot number emissions by 80%, RF decreases by 41%, slightly less than suggested by a recent study.
Estimation of Sea Spray Aerosol Surface Area Over the Southern Ocean Using Scattering Measurements
Authors: Moore Kathryn A. , Alexander Simon P. , Humphries Ruhi S. , Jensen Jorgen , Protat Alain , Reeves J. Michael , Sanchez Kevin J. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , DeMott Paul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on methods to estimate dry marine aerosol surface area (SA) from bulk optical measurements. Aerosol SA is used in many models' ice nucleating particle (INP) parameterizations, as well as influencing particle light scattering, hygroscopic growth, and reactivity, but direct observations are scarce in the Southern Ocean (SO). Two campaigns jointly conducted in austral summer 2018 provided co‐located measurements of aerosol SA from particle size distributions and lidar to evaluate SA estimation methods in this region. Mie theory calculations based on measured size distributions were used to test a proposed approximation for dry aerosol SA, which relies on estimating effective scattering efficiency (Q) as a function of Ångström exponent (å). For distributions with dry å < 1, Q = 2 was found to be a good approximation within ±50%, but for distributions with dry å > 1, an assumption of Q = 3 as in some prior studies underestimates dry aerosol SA by a factor of 2 or more. We propose a new relationship between dry å and Q, which can be used for −0.2 < å < 2, and suggest å = 0.8 as the cutoff between primary and secondary marine aerosol‐dominated distributions. Application of a published methodology to retrieve dry marine aerosol SA from lidar extinction profiles overestimated aerosol SA by a factor of 3–5 during these campaigns. Using Microtops aerosol optical thickness measurements, we derive alternative lidar conversion parameters from our observations, applicable to marine aerosol over the SO.
Male-selective effects of oxytocin agonism on alcohol intake: behavioral assessment in socially housed prairie voles and involvement of RAGE
Authors: Potretzke Sheena , Zhang Yangmiao , Li Ju , Fecteau Kristopher M. , Erikson David W. , Hibert Marcel , Ryabinin Andrey E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTargeting the oxytocin (OXT) peptide system has emerged as a promising new approach for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, further advancements in this development depend on properly modeling various complex social aspects of AUD and its treatment. Here we examined behavioral and molecular underpinnings of OXT receptor (OXTR) agonism in prairie voles, a rodent species with demonstrated translational validity for neurobiological mechanisms regulating social affiliations. To further improve translational validity of these studies, we examined effects of intranasal (IN) OXT administration in male and female prairie voles socially housed in the presence of untreated cagemates. IN OXT selectively inhibited alcohol drinking in male, but not female, animals. Further, we confirmed that exogenously administered OXT penetrates the prairie vole brain and showed that Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products assists this penetration after IN, but not intraperitoneal (IP), OXT administration. Finally, we demonstrated that IP administration of LIT-001, a small-molecule OXTR agonist, inhibits alcohol intake in male, but not female, prairie voles socially housed in the presence of untreated cagemates. Taken together, results of this study support the promise of selectively targeting OXTR for individualized treatment of AUD.
Reviewing the epidemiology of head and neck cancer: definitions, trends and risk factors
Authors: Gormley Mark , Creaney Grant , Schache Andrew , Ingarfield Kate , Conway David I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction Head and neck cancer appears to be increasing in incidence, with potential changes in aetiology proposed. This paper aims to provide a narrative overview of the epidemiological literature to describe the disease burden and trends in terms of incidence and mortality both in the UK and globally and to review the evidence on current risk factors.Methods A search was performed on multiple databases (PubMed and Epistemonikos), applying filters to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses which investigated head and neck cancer incidence, mortality and risk factors. International and UK cancer registries and sources were searched for incidence and mortality data.Results Multiple definitions of head and neck cancer are employed in epidemiology. Globally, incidence rates have increased in recent decades, largely driven by oropharyngeal cancer. Mortality rates over the last decade have also started to rise, reflecting the disease incidence and static survival rates. Major risk factors include tobacco smoking alone and in combination with alcohol consumption, betel chewing (particularly in Southeast Asian populations) and the human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer.Conclusions These epidemiological data can inform clinical and preventive service planning for head and neck cancer.
Data-driven discovery of 2D materials by deep generative models
Authors: Lyngby Peder , Thygesen Kristian Sommer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEfficient algorithms to generate candidate crystal structures with good stability properties can play a key role in data-driven materials discovery. Here, we show that a crystal diffusion variational autoencoder (CDVAE) is capable of generating two-dimensional (2D) materials of high chemical and structural diversity and formation energies mirroring the training structures. Specifically, we train the CDVAE on 2615 2D materials with energy above the convex hull ΔHhull < 0.3 eV/atom, and generate 5003 materials that we relax using density functional theory (DFT). We also generate 14192 new crystals by systematic element substitution of the training structures. We find that the generative model and lattice decoration approach are complementary and yield materials with similar stability properties but very different crystal structures and chemical compositions. In total we find 11630 predicted new 2D materials, where 8599 of these have ΔHhull < 0.3 eV/atom as the seed structures, while 2004 are within 50 meV of the convex hull and could potentially be synthesised. The relaxed atomic structures of all the materials are available in the open Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB). Our work establishes the CDVAE as an efficient and reliable crystal generation machine, and significantly expands the space of 2D materials.
Global soil moisture data fusion by Triple Collocation Analysis from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Xie Qiuxia , Jia Li , Menenti Massimo , Hu Guangcheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurface Soil Moisture (SSM) information is needed for agricultural water resource management, hydrology and climate analysis applications. Temporal and spatial sampling by the space-borne instruments designed to retrieve SSM is, however, limited by the orbit and sensors of the satellites. We produced a Global Daily-scale Soil Moisture Fusion Dataset (GDSMFD) with 25 km spatial resolution (2011~2018) by applying the Triple Collocation Analysis (TCA) and Linear Weight Fusion (LWF) methods. Using five metrics, the GDSMFD was evaluated against in-situ soil moisture measurements from ten ground observation networks and compared with the prefusion SSM products. Results indicated that the GDSMFD was consistent with in-situ soil moisture measurements, the minimum of root mean square error values of GDSMFD was only 0.036 cm3/cm3. Moreover, the GDSMFD had a good global coverage with mean Global Coverage Fraction (GCF) of 0.672 and the maximum GCF of 0.837. GDSMFD performed well in accuracy and global coverage fraction, making it valuable in applications to the global climate change monitoring, drought monitoring and hydrological monitoring.
Suture trabeculotomy ab interno for secondary glaucoma in Japanese patients with Val30Met hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Kawaji Takahiro , Sato Tomoki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated surgical outcomes of suture trabeculotomy (SLOT) ab interno for secondary glaucoma in 18 eyes of 12 patients with hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with Val30Met mutation. SLOT ab interno was performed between May 2015 and January 2020. All the participants were followed up for at least 12 months. The primary outcome measure was Kaplan–Meier survival. Failure of this treatment was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥ 22 mmHg and a < 20% IOP reduction with or without medication or as additional operations needed to reduce IOP. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 3.5 years (1.2–6.1 years). The SLOT ab interno procedure alone was performed in 17 eyes (94%). Fifteen eyes (83%) had a 360° incision made in Schlemm’s canal and 3 eyes (17%) had a 180° incision performed. Cumulative survival values were 0.83, 0.63, and 0.22 at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Ten eyes (56%) needed additional surgery, such as repeated SLOT ab interno, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation, or MicroPulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. Our results here, as well as our previous results with trabeculectomy, suggest that SLOT ab interno may not have a sufficiently long-term effect on secondary glaucoma because of ATTRv amyloidosis.
Ultra-wide-field fundus photography compared to ophthalmoscopy in diagnosing and classifying major retinal diseases
Authors: Midena E. , Marchione G. , Di Giorgio S. , Rotondi G. , Longhin E. , Frizziero L. , Pilotto E. , Parrozzani R. , Midena G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo analyze the performance of ultra-wide-field (UWF) fundus photography compared with ophthalmoscopy in identifying and classifying retinal diseases. Patients examined for presumed major retinal disorders were consecutively enrolled. Each patient underwent indirect ophthalmoscopic evaluation, with scleral depression and/or fundus biomicroscopy, when clinically indicated, and mydriatic UWF fundus imaging by means of CLARUS 500™ fundus camera. Each eye was classified by a clinical grader and two image graders in the following groups: normal retina, diabetic retinopathy, vascular abnormalities, macular degenerations and dystrophies, retinal and choroidal tumors, peripheral degenerative lesions and retinal detachment and myopic alterations. 7024 eyes of new patients were included. The inter-grader agreement for images classification was perfect (kappa = 0.998, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) = 0.997–0.999), as the two methods concordance for retinal diseases diagnosis (kappa = 0.997, 95%CI = 0.996–0.999) without statistically significant difference. UWF fundus imaging might be an alternative to ophthalmoscopy, since it allows to accurately classify major retinal diseases, widening the range of disorders possibly diagnosed with teleophthalmology. Although the clinician should be aware of the possibility that a minority of the most peripheral lesions may be not entirely visualized, it might be considered a first line diagnostic modality, in the context of a full ophthalmological examination.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of ultrasound-assisted convection enhanced delivery to transfer drugs into brain tumors
Authors: Boroumand Ahmad , Mehrarya Mehrnoush , Ghanbarzadeh-Dagheyan Ashkan , Ahmadian Mohammad Taghi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCentral Nervous System (CNS) malignant tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide with a high mortality rate. While numerous strategies have been proposed to treat CNS tumors, the treatment efficacy is still low mainly due to the existence of the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB). BBB is a natural cellular layer between the circulatory system and brain extracellular fluid, limiting the transfer of drug particles and confining the routine treatment strategies in which drugs are released in the blood. Consequently, direct drug delivery methods have been devised to bypass the BBB. However, the efficiency of these methods is not enough to treat deep and large brain tumors. In the study at hand, the effect of focused ultrasound (FUS) waves on enhancing drug delivery to brain tumors, through ultrasound-assisted convection-enhanced delivery (UCED), has been investigated. First, brain mimicking gels were synthesized to mimic the CNS microenvironment, and the drug solution was injected into them. Second, FUS waves with the resonance frequency of 1.1 MHz were applied to the drug injected zone. Next, a finite element (FE) model was developed to evaluate the pre-existing equation in the literature for describing the drug delivery via acoustic streaming in brain tissue. Experimental results showed that the FUS transducer was able to enhance the drug volume distribution up to 500% relative to convection-enhanced delivery alone (CED). Numerical analysis showed that the FE model could replicate the experimental penetration depths with a mean difference value of less than 21%, and acoustic streaming plays a significant role in UCED. Therefore, the results of this study could open a new way to develop FE models of the brain to better evaluate the UCED and reduce the costs of conducting clinical and animal studies.
Modification of corn starch by thermal-ultrasound treatment in presence of Arabic gum
Authors: Golkar Abdolkhalegh , Milani Jafar Mohammadzadeh , Motamedzadegan Ali , Kenari Reza Esmaeilzadeh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research extends the effects of a thermal-ultrasound treatment (at 25, 45, and 65 °C for 30 and 60 min) on the physicochemical, structural, and pasting properties of corn starch in presence of Arabic gum. Treated samples had lower leached amylose compared with corn starch, but it was non-significant (p < 0.05). In comparison to alone corn starch and a combination of Arabic gum, thermal-ultrasound treatment increased the swelling power and solubility of samples. Treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the syneresis of treated starch gels, especially at a temperature of < 45 °C, but paste clarity was increased at the higher temperature (65 °C). The enthalpy of treated samples was in the range 15.20–16.37 J/g. Sonication at 65 °C for 60 min had the most destructive effect on corn starch granules, but at 30 min granules were swollen only. FT-IR spectra of samples confirmed the physical modification of thermal-ultrasound treatment. The relative crystallinity index of samples changed in the range 21.88–35.42% and decreased with rising time and temperature. Sonication at 45 °C for 30 and 60 min produced starch-gum mixtures with different pasting properties. Thermal-ultrasound treatment in presence of gum can be a viable technique to modify starches with different functionality.
The Staphylococcus aureus cell division protein, DivIC, interacts with the cell wall and controls its biosynthesis
Authors: Tinajero-Trejo Mariana , Carnell Oliver , Kabli Azhar F. , Pasquina-Lemonche Laia , Lafage Lucia , Han Aidong , Hobbs Jamie K. , Foster Simon J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial cell division is a complex, dynamic process that requires multiple protein components to orchestrate its progression. Many division proteins are highly conserved across bacterial species alluding to a common, basic mechanism. Central to division is a transmembrane trimeric complex involving DivIB, DivIC and FtsL in Gram-positives. Here, we show a distinct, essential role for DivIC in division and survival of Staphylococcus aureus. DivIC spatially regulates peptidoglycan synthesis, and consequently cell wall architecture, by influencing the recruitment to the division septum of the major peptidoglycan synthetases PBP2 and FtsW. Both the function of DivIC and its recruitment to the division site depend on its extracellular domain, which interacts with the cell wall via binding to wall teichoic acids. DivIC facilitates the spatial and temporal coordination of peptidoglycan synthesis with the developing architecture of the septum during cell division. A better understanding of the cell division mechanisms in S. aureus and other pathogenic microorganisms can provide possibilities for the development of new, more effective treatments for bacterial infections.
Development of microglia-targeting adeno-associated viral vectors as tools to study microglial behavior in vivo
Authors: Okada Yukihiro , Hosoi Nobutake , Matsuzaki Yasunori , Fukai Yuuki , Hiraga Akito , Nakai Junichi , Nitta Keisuke , Shinohara Yoichiro , Konno Ayumu , Hirai Hirokazu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere we describe the microglia-targeting adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors containing a 1.7-kb putative promoter region of microglia/macrophage-specific ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), along with repeated miRNA target sites for microRNA (miR)-9 and miR-129-2-3p. The 1.7-kb genomic sequence upstream of the start codon in exon 1 of the Iba1 (Aif1) gene, functions as microglia preferential promoter in the striatum and cerebellum. Furthermore, ectopic transgene expression in non-microglial cells is markedly suppressed upon adding two sets of 4-repeated miRNA target sites for miR-9 and miR-129-2-3p, which are expressed exclusively in non-microglial cells and sponged AAV-derived mRNAs. Our vectors transduced ramified microglia in healthy tissues and reactive microglia in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice and a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, live fluorescent imaging allowed the monitoring of microglial motility and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Thus, microglia-targeting AAV vectors are valuable for studying microglial pathophysiology and therapies, particularly in the striatum and cerebellum.