bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Pain, No Gain? Personality Associations With Awareness of Aging Depend on Arthritis
Authors: Dunsmore Victoria J. , Neupert Shevaun D. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAwareness of aging brings to light one’s own perceived behavioral, physical, and cognitive changes associated with getting older. Personality and physical illness are each related to two components of awareness of aging: attitudes toward own aging (ATOA), and awareness of age-related changes (AARC). Here, we move beyond main effects to examine how personality and arthritis interact with respect to awareness of aging.Materials and Methods296 participants (M age = 64.67, SD = 4.36, Range = 60–90 years, 49.7% women) completed online self-report questionnaires of personality, arthritis, ATOA, and AARC gains and losses.ResultsWe ran three hierarchical multiple regression models to test how personality traits and arthritis interacted to predict ATOA, AARC gains, and AARC losses, respectively. Higher extraversion was related to positive ATOA, and higher openness was related to positive ATOA and more AARC gains. Higher neuroticism was related to negative ATOA, more AARC losses, and less AARC gains. We found a main effect for arthritis, where those with arthritis reported more AARC losses. Lastly, we found a significant interaction between arthritis and agreeableness when predicting AARC gains. Among those with low agreeableness, people with arthritis reported significantly more AARC gains compared to those without arthritis.ConclusionPersonality and arthritis are each important for awareness of aging. Overall, our study suggests that for those with arthritis, it is especially important to consider behavioral and cognitive factors related to agreeableness, as they may be important means of promoting positive views on aging.
Different Behavior-Change Messaging Techniques Do Not Increase Customers’ Hand Sanitization Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Natural Behavioral Study
Authors: Booker Lauren A. , Cordon Emma L. , Pedersen Hanne Sæderup , Fosgerau Christina Fogtmann , Egerton Simon , Chan Carina K. Y. , Skinner Timothy C. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionHand hygiene is an integral public health strategy in reducing the transmission of COVID-19, yet the past research has shown hand hygiene practices among the public is sub-optimal. This study aimed to (1) quantify hand sanitization rates among the public to minimize the transmission of COVID-19 and (2) evaluate whether different public health messaging, based on various behavior-change theories influences hand hygiene behavior in a natural setting.MethodsAn observational, naturalistic study design was used with real-time customer activity data recorded against hand sanitizer usage in a regional hardware store. Primary outcome from the study was to measure the usage ratio by counting the amount of activity versus usage of hand sanitizer per hour against individual messages based on their behavioral change technique (BCT).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the baseline message and any of the intervention messages [F(16,904) = 1.19, p = 0.279] or between BCT groups [F(3,906) = 1.33, p = 0.263]. Post hoc tests showed no significant difference between messages (social comparison, p = 0.395; information, p = 1.00; and action planning, p = 1.00).ConclusionThis study showed that even during a pandemic, hand hygiene usage rates in a public setting were similar to the past studies and that compliance did not shift dependent on the public message displayed. This raises questions on whether requirements imposed on businesses to provide hand sanitizer to patrons are an ineffective and maybe an unnecessary economic burden. A measured approach to risk and behavioral analysis surrounding the use of hand sanitizer in a pandemic is suggested as a better approach to inform public policy on the value of hand sanitizer.
Different Eye Tracking Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddler and Preschool Children
Authors: Kong Xue-Jun , Wei Zhen , Sun Binbin , Tu Yiheng , Huang Yiting , Cheng Ming , Yu Siyi , Wilson Georgia , Park Joel , Feng Zhe , Vangel Mark , Kong Jian , Wan Guobin 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been observed to be associated with fixation abnormality as measured eye tracking, but the dynamics behind fixation patterns across age remain unclear.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we investigated gaze patterns between toddlers and preschoolers with and without ASD while they viewed video clips and still images (i.e., mouth-moving face, biological motion, mouthing face vs. moving object, still face picture vs. objects, and moving toys).ResultsWe found that the fixation time percentage of children with ASD showed significant decrease compared with that of TD children in almost all areas of interest (AOI) except for moving toy (helicopter). We also observed a diagnostic group (ASD vs. TD) and chronological age (Toddlers vs. preschooler) interaction for the eye AOI during the mouth-moving video clip. Support vector machine analysis showed that the classifier could discriminate ASD from TD in toddlers with an accuracy of 80% and could discriminate ASD from TD in preschoolers with an accuracy of 71%.ConclusionOur results suggest that toddlers and preschoolers may be associated with both common and distinct fixation patterns. A combination of eye tracking and machine learning methods has the potential to shed light on the development of new early screening/diagnosis methods for ASD.
Blood Inflammatory Cytokines as Predictors of Depression in Patients With Glioma
Authors: Li Huayu , Shi Xiaohan , Yang Fan , Zhang Xinrui , Li Feng 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDepression commonly develops as a comorbid disorder related to glioma, which affects the patients’ physical function and prognosis. Circulating inflammatory cytokines are potential predictors of depression in disparate cancers. However, less research has specifically investigated this aspect within the context of glioma.Study objectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of depression in patients with glioma and draw a comparison of the ability to predict it through diverse inflammatory cytokines.MethodsA total of 203 patients with stage I–IV glioma were enrolled in this study. Depression was evaluated according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, and the plasma inflammatory cytokines levels were simultaneously measured. We performed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to confirm the abilities of identified inflammatory cytokines to predict depression.ResultsAmong the 203 patients with glioma, 135 (66.5%) showed obvious depressive symptoms. Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.76) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (AUC = 0.75), showed good performance in accurately predicting depression in patients with glioma. These inflammatory cytokines indicated great potential to be depression biomarkers regardless of the patients’ disparate treatment experience.ConclusionWith their relatively simple and time-saving measurement procedures, inflammatory cytokines should be seriously considered effective clinical screening and diagnostic tools, as well as potential biomarkers for depression in patients with glioma.
Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation, Dietary Folate Intake, and Low Birth Weight: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Liping , Wang Wenjuan , Mao Baohong , Qiu Jie , Guo Huaqi , Yi Bin , He Xiaochun , Lin Xiaojuan , Lv Ling , Xu Xiaoying , Liu Qing , Cao Yongchun , Chen Yiming 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the independent and collective effects of maternal folic acid supplementation or dietary folate intake on the risk of low birth weight (LBW), and to further comprehensively examine the joint associations of folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake with LBW by various clinical subtypes.DesignParticipants were recruited from Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital. A standardized and structured questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic factors, reproductive and medical history, occupational and residential history, physical activity, and diet. Data on pregnancy-related complications and birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for single and joint associations of folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake with LBW.SettingA birth cohort data analysis using the 2010–2012 Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China.ParticipantsIn total, 9,231 pregnant women and their children were enrolled in the study.ResultsCompared with non-users, folic acid supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of LBW (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.97), and the reduced risk was mainly seen for term-LBW (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85), and multiparous-LBW (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.94). There were no significant associations between dietary folate intake and LBW, and there was no interaction between folic acid supplement and dietary folate intake on LBW.ConclusionsOur study results indicated that folic acid supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of LBW, and there was no interaction between folic acid supplements and dietary folate intake on LBW.
Associations of Education Level With Survival Outcomes and Treatment Receipt in Patients With Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Jiaxuan , Du Shuhui , Dong Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIt remains largely unclear how education level, an important socioeconomic factor, affects prognoses for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). We aimed to demonstrate the associations between education level and clinical outcomes in patients with GAC.MethodsWe included a total of 30,409 patients diagnosed with GAC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registry database. Education level, household income, unemployment rate, poverty rate, insurance status, and marital status were selected as sociodemographic variables for the comprehensive analysis. Cox and logistic regression models, Kaplan–Meier curves, and subgroup analyses were the primary statistical methods employed.ResultsA low level of education was correlated with less income, higher unemployment rates, and higher poverty rates (all p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that a high education level was significantly associated with superior overall survival rates and cancer-specific survival rates in patients with GAC (both p &lt; 0.001). We also corroborated favorable survival outcomes by high education level within almost every clinical and demographic subgroup. Furthermore, chemotherapy combined with surgery could markedly prolong the survival for all patients, including patients of stage IV cancer (both p &lt; 0.001). By using multivariable logistic models, patients in counties with high education levels had a higher probability of chemotherapy receipt (p &lt; 0.001). Contrarily, those in the counties with low levels of education were less likely to receive chemotherapy or undergo surgery (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsEducation level was identified and confirmed as an independent predictor of treatment and survival for GAC patients. Efforts are needed to provide effective interventions for those whose educational status is adverse.
Use of Oral Polio Vaccine and the Global Incidence of Mother-to-Child Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission
Authors: Habibzadeh Farrokh , Yadollahie Mahboobeh , Simi Ashraf 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important global health issue. We hypothesized that the live attenuated poliovirus existing in oral polio vaccine (OPV) may protect uninfected neonates born to HIV-positive mothers through the stimulation of innate immune system.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that countries using OPV have a lower MTCT rate (due to postnatal protection provided by the vaccine) compared with those using only inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).MethodsIn an ecological study, the incidence of HIV/AIDS in children aged &lt;1 year (IncHIV1), considered a surrogate index for MTCT rate, was compared between countries using OPV vs. IPV. The aggregated population data were retrieved for 204 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) Collaborative Network website, “Our World in Data” website, the World Bank website, and the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). We used a negative binomial regression model with IncHIV1 as the dependent variable and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in women aged 15–49 years (PrevHIV), antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, human development index (HDI), and the type of vaccine used in each country as independent variables. Multivariate imputation by chained equations was used to treat missing values. Analyses were performed for both the original dataset (with missing values) and the five imputed datasets.ResultsIncHIV1 and PrevHIV were available for all 204 countries; vaccine type, 194 countries; HDI, 182 countries; and ART coverage, 133 countries. One-hundred and twenty-nine countries in the original dataset had complete data for all the above-mentioned variables; the imputed datasets had complete data for all 204 countries. The results obtained from the analysis of the original dataset had no overall difference with the pooled results obtained from the analysis of the five imputed datasets. Countries with higher HDI mainly use IPV; those with lower HDI commonly use OPV. PrevHIV, HDI, and the type of vaccine were independent predictors of IncHIV1. Use of OPV compared to IPV, was independently associated with an average decrease of 17% in IncHIV1 at the median HDI of 0.75. The protection provided by OPV increased in countries with lower HDI.ConclusionsUse of OPV compared with IPV, was independently associated with lower MTCT rate.
Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HIV Infection in South-Central China: A Retrospective Study From 2003 to 2018
Authors: Yue Tingting , Zhang Pan , Hao Yuantao , He Jianmei , Zheng Jun , De Clercq Erik , Li Guangdi , Huang Yaxiong , Zheng Fang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveHIV epidemiology in South-Central China is rarely reported. This study aims to characterize epidemiological and clinical features of HIV-infected patients in Hunan Province, located in South-Central China, for better management of HIV infections.MethodsThis retrospective study retrieved multi-center records of laboratory-confirmed HIV-infected patients in Hunan province. Information on HIV-associated mortality and antiretroviral therapies was also collected.ResultsAmong 34,297 patients diagnosed with HIV infections from 2003 to 2018, 73.9% were males, 41.3% were older adults (≥50 years), and 71.2% were infected by heterosexual transmission. Despite a slow growth of new HIV infections in the overall population, annual percentages of HIV infections increased in older males (85.3% through heterosexual transmission) and young patients &lt;30 years (39.9% through homosexual transmission). At baseline, serum levels of CD4+ T-cell counts were lower in older adults (191.0 cells/μl) than in young patients (294.6 cells/μl, p-value &lt; 0.0001). A large proportion (47.2%, N = 16,165) of HIV-infected patients had advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T-cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μl) from 2003 to 2018. All-cause mortality (57.0% due to AIDS-related illnesses) was reported among 4411 HIV-infected patients, including 2619 older adults. The 10-year survival rate was significantly lower in elderly males than in other patients (59.0 vs. 78.4%, p-value &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsElderly males are prone to HIV infections with a high risk of HIV-associated fatality. Our findings support early prevention and critical care for elderly populations to control HIV infections.
Patient Characteristics in Oral Cancer Staging
Authors: Hoffman Matthew J. , Hale Demetria D. , Hale Elijah W. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOral cancer is a largely preventable malignancy with many modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco use and proper oral hygiene. Early detection of oral cancer is an important goal for oral healthcare providers, as survival rates for oral cancers diagnosed at an advanced stage are less than half the rates for cancers diagnosed in early stages. As many patients are asymptomatic in early stages, it is crucial for oral healthcare providers to have a high index of suspicion while treating patients at risk for late diagnosis.ObjectivesTo identify characteristics associated with early vs. late stage diagnosis of oral cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review using the TriNetX database. We identified two cohorts of interest: patients with an initial diagnosis of stage 1 oral cancer, and patients with an initial diagnosis of stage 3 or 4 oral cancer. Statistical comparison of cohort characteristics was completed through the TriNetX statistical software platform.ResultsWe identified 386 patients diagnosed at stage 1 and 869 patients diagnosed at stage 3 or 4. We identified several characteristics not previously reported in the literature. Race, BMI between 20 and 29, malnurition, anemia were all associated with late stage diagnosis. Certain medications were also associated with late stage diagnosis, such as heparin derivatives and diclofenac. Our findings also reinforced prior research for characteristics such as nicotine use and ethnicity.ConclusionOur findings offer new characteristics that may aid oral healthcare providers in detecting oral cancer at an early stage. Increasing provider awareness of factors that they may not have considered previously could increase the rates of early stage cancer detection, improving overall patient mortality and curative outcomes.
Global Perspective on the Management of Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Moisés da Silva Gabriel Veber , Dávila Francisco Javier , Rosito Tiago Elias , Martins Francisco E. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPeyronie's disease is the disease that results in an alteration in the curvature of the penis, which can lead to a shortening of length, pain in erection, or difficulties in penetration, thus leading the patient to psychological alterations due to loss of functionality such as aesthetic alteration. That is why there are several studies to define the best form of treatment, which currently continues to be the first choice surgical treatment.ObjectiveWe present the most recommended therapies for Peyronie's disease and suggest an algorithm as a guide to direct therapy.MethodsWe used the PubMed platform to review the literature related to Peyronie's disease. Various editorials were reviewed as well as original articles and reviews focusing on the various treatments as well as their indications and results.ResultsPeyronie's disease in which conservative or drug treatment does not have a response, surgical treatment with corporoplasty, penile prosthesis implantation or both may be indicated. Corporoplasty refers to both the plication of the tunica albuginea as well as the incision of the tunica with the placement of a graft. An accurate history should always be carried out to identify erectile dysfunction as well as to be able to guide you on the repercussions of the treatment. If refractory erectile dysfunction is present, placement of a penile prosthesis with or without further adjunctive straightening maneuvers is recommended. We reviewed the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and results of the available techniques, and proposed a surgical treatment algorithm.ConclusionPenile shortening procedures are usually indicated in curvatures &lt;60°, in penises with adequate length. Partial excision/incision and grafting are indicated for curvatures &gt;60°, hourglass or hinge deformities, and short penises, if the patient's erectile function is adequate. The presence of “borderline” erectile function and/or ventral curvature tilts the choice toward shortening procedures, and refractory erectile dysfunction is an indication for penile prosthesis placement. An accurate risk/benefit assessment of the individual patient as well as meticulous patient counseling are critically important.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Probability of Breast Cancer Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yijun , Zhang Jian , Wang Bin , Zhang Huimin , He Jianjun , Wang Ke 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe methods used to predict the pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have some limitations. In this study, we aimed to develop a nomogram to predict breast cancer pCR after NAC based on convenient and economical multi-system hematological indicators and clinical characteristics.Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed from July 2017 to July 2019 served as the training group (N = 114), and patients diagnosed in from July 2019 to July 2021 served as the validation group (N = 102). A nomogram was developed according to eight indices, including body mass index, platelet distribution width, monocyte count, albumin, cystatin C, phosphorus, hemoglobin, and D-dimer, which were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Internal and external validation curves are used to calibrate the nomogram.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.942 (95% confidence interval 0.892–0.992), and the concordance index indicated that the nomogram had good discrimination. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model was well-calibrated.ConclusionThe nomogram developed in this study can help clinicians accurately predict the possibility of patients achieving the pCR after NAC. This information can be used to decide the most effective treatment strategies for patients.
An examination of perched Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus singing on one leg
Authors: Nyström K G Kenneth 
Published: June 2022

Territory-holding male Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus stood on one leg when they were singing at song posts for extended periods of time. The other leg was tucked in the breast plumage and not visible. The length of time spent on a twig was positively correlated to the use of unipedal stance. Observed birds spent longer pose time perched on one leg than on two legs. The right leg and the left leg were used at similar frequencies. The reason for this behaviour might be to save energy, by reducing heat loss through the skin of the tucked leg.