bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved hypertension control at six months using an adapted WHO HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda
Authors: Muddu Martin , Semitala Fred C. , Kimera Isaac , Mbuliro Mary , Ssennyonjo Rebecca , Kigozi Simon P. , Katwesigye Rodgers , Ayebare Florence , Namugenyi Christabellah , Mugabe Frank , Mutungi Gerald , Longenecker Chris T. , Katahoire Anne R. , Ssinabulya Isaac , Schwartz Jeremy I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo adapt a World Health Organization HEARTS-based implementation strategy for hypertension (HTN) control at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda and determine six-month HTN and HIV outcomes among a cohort of adult persons living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsOur implementation strategy included six elements: health education, medication adherence, and lifestyle counseling; routine HTN screening; task shifting of HTN treatment; evidence-based HTN treatment protocol; consistent supply of HTN medicines free to patients; and inclusion of HTN-specific monitoring and evaluation tools. We conducted a pre-post study from October 2019 to March 2020 to determine the effect of this strategy on HTN and HIV outcomes at baseline and six months. Our cohort comprised adult PLHIV diagnosed with HTN who made at least one clinic visit within two months prior to study onset.FindingsWe enrolled 1,015 hypertensive PLHIV. The mean age was 50.1 ± 9.5 years and 62.6% were female. HTN outcomes improved between baseline and six months: mean systolic BP (154.3 ± 20.0 to 132.3 ± 13.8 mmHg,p < 0.001); mean diastolic BP (97.7 ± 13.1 to 85.3 ± 9.5 mmHg,p < 0.001) and proportion of patients with controlled HTN (9.3% to 74.1%,p < 0.001). The HTN care cascade also improved: treatment initiation (13.4% to 100%), retention in care (16.2% to 98.5%), monitoring (16.2% to 98.5%), and BP control among those initiated on HTN treatment (2.2% to 75.2%). HIV cascade steps remained high (> 95% at baseline and six months) and viral suppression was unchanged (98.7% to 99.2%,p = 0.712). Taking ART for more than two years and HIV viral suppression were independent predictors of HTN control at six months.ConclusionsA HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large, urban HIV center facilitates integration of HTN and HIV care and improves HTN outcomes while sustaining HIV control. Further implementation research is needed to study HTN/HIV integration in varied clinical settings among diverse populations.
Role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in placental ADAM12-S expression: implications for fetoplacental growth
Authors: Zhu Ya-nan , Gan Xiao-wen , Pan Fan , Ni Xiao-tian , Myatt Leslie , Wang Wang-sheng , Sun Kang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is a transcription silencing mark, which is indispensable for cell lineage specification at the early blastocyst stage. This epigenetic repression is maintained in placental cytotrophoblasts but is lifted when cytotrophoblasts differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts. However, the physiological impact of this lift remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether lifting EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 during syncytialization upregulates the expression of a short secretory isoform of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12-S), a well-recognized placenta-derived protease that cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 to increase insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability for the stimulation of fetoplacental growth. The transcription factor and the upstream signal involved were also explored.

Methods
Human placenta tissue and cultured primary human placental cytotrophoblasts were utilized to investigate the role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in ADAM12-S expression and the associated transcription factor and upstream signal during syncytialization. A mouse model was used to examine whether inhibition of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 regulates placental ADAM12-S expression and fetoplacental growth.

Results
EZH2 and ADAM12 are distributed primarily in villous cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. Increased ADAM12-S expression, decreased EZH2 expression, and decreased EZH2/H3K27me3 enrichment at the ADAM12 promoter were observed during syncytialization. Knock-down of EZH2 further increased ADAM12-S expression in trophoblasts. Syncytialization was also accompanied by increased STAT5B expression and phosphorylation as well as its enrichment at the ADAM12 promoter. Knock-down of STAT5B attenuated ADAM12-S expression during syncytialization. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was capable of inducing ADAM12-S expression via stimulation of STAT5B expression and phosphorylation during syncytialization. Mouse studies revealed that administration of an EZH2 inhibitor significantly increased ADAM12-S levels in maternal blood and fetoplacental weights along with decreased H3K27me3 abundance and increased ADAM12-S expression in the placenta.

Conclusions
Lifting EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 increases ADAM12-S expression during syncytialization with the participation of EGF-activated STAT5B, which may lead to elevation of ADAM12-S level in maternal blood resulting in increased IGF bioavailability for the stimulation of fetoplacental growth in pregnancy. Our studies suggest that the role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 may switch from cell lineage specification at the early blastocyst stage to regulation of fetoplacental growth in later gestation.
Signals of increasing co-use of stimulants and opioids from online drug forum data
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Ge Yao , Nataraj Nisha , Jones Christopher M. , Sumner Steven A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite recent rises in fatal overdoses involving multiple substances, there is a paucity of knowledge about stimulant co-use patterns among people who use opioids (PWUO) or people being treated with medications for opioid use disorder (PTMOUD). A better understanding of the timing and patterns in stimulant co-use among PWUO based on mentions of these substances on social media can help inform prevention programs, policy, and future research directions. This study examines stimulant co-mention trends among PWUO/PTMOUD on social media over multiple years.

Methods
We collected publicly available data from 14 forums on Reddit (subreddits) that focused on prescription and illicit opioids, and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Collected data ranged from 2011 to 2020, and we also collected timelines comprising past posts from a sample of Reddit users (Redditors) on these forums. We applied natural language processing to generate lexical variants of all included prescription and illicit opioids and stimulants and detect mentions of them on the chosen subreddits. Finally, we analyzed and described trends and patterns in co-mentions.

Results
Posts collected for 13,812 Redditors showed that 12,306 (89.1%) mentioned at least 1 opioid, opioid-related medication, or stimulant. Analyses revealed that the number and proportion of Redditors mentioning both opioids and/or opioid-related medications and stimulants steadily increased over time. Relative rates of co-mentions by the same Redditor of heroin and methamphetamine, the substances most commonly co-mentioned, decreased in recent years, while co-mentions of both fentanyl and MOUD with methamphetamine increased.

Conclusion
Our analyses reflect increasing mentions of stimulants, particularly methamphetamine, among PWUO/PTMOUD, which closely resembles the growth in overdose deaths involving both opioids and stimulants. These findings are consistent with recent reports suggesting increasing stimulant use among people receiving treatment for opioid use disorder. These data offer insights on emerging trends in the overdose epidemic and underscore the importance of scaling efforts to address co-occurring opioid and stimulant use including harm reduction and comprehensive healthcare access spanning mental-health services and substance use disorder treatment.
Problems undermining the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV in Spain: a qualitative study to inform the development of a novel clinic screening tool
Authors: Safreed-Harmon Kelly , Fuster-RuizdeApodaca Maria J. , Pastor de la Cal Marta , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn settings with high antiretroviral therapy coverage, numerous health-related issues continue to undermine the health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV). As part of a larger study to develop and validate a new patient-reported outcome measure for use in HIV clinical care in Spain, we sought to identify the most burdensome health-related issues experienced by PLHIV in order to determine which issues should be addressed in the new instrument.MethodsWe conducted a literature review and a qualitative study based on four focus group discussions (FGDs) with key informants in Spain. Participants were selected via purposive sampling. Two FGDs convened 16 expert HIV service providers, and two convened 15 PLHIV with diverse epidemiological profiles. FGDs followed semi-structured interview scripts and incorporated an exercise to prioritise the most critical health-related issues among those named in the discussions. Content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 12.ResultsThe analysis of FGD data identified several broad categories of issues that were perceived to negatively affect PLHIV. The most frequently named issues fell within the categories of social problems; physical symptoms; psychological problems; and sexuality-related problems. Regarding social problems, stigma/discrimination was by far the issue raised the most frequently. In the prioritisation exercise, stigma/discrimination was also ranked as the most burdensome issue by both service providers and PLHIV. Within the physical symptoms category, the issues named most frequently were sleep-related problems, fatigue, physical pain and body fat changes. Regarding psychological problems, FGD participants most commonly spoke of emotional distress in general terms, and also called attention to depression and anxiety. In the prioritisation exercise, both service providers and PLHIV ranked psychological well-being as the second-most important issue following stigma. Sexuality-related problems that were reported included sexually transmitted infections, hormonal problems, lack of libido, and general sexual dissatisfaction.ConclusionsPLHIV are negatively affected by a wide range of health-related issues. HIV-related stigma and psychological well-being remain major challenges. Identifying and addressing these and other issues in routine clinical care supports healthy aging and may ultimately contribute to better health and HRQoL outcomes in this population.
Postmortem gene expression profiles in the habenulae of suicides: implication of endothelial dysfunction in the neurovascular system
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Yoo Hyeijung , Kim Ji Yeon , Yang Soo Hyun , Lee Hyun Woo , Lee Heon-Jeong , Son Gi Hoon , Kim Hyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe habenula (Hb) is an epithalamic structure that links multiple forebrain areas with the mid/hindbrain monoaminergic systems. As an anti-reward center, it has been implicated in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those associated with dysregulated reward circuitry. In this regard, Hb has been proposed as a therapeutic target for treatment-resistant depression associated with a higher risk of suicide. Therefore, we aimed to gain insight into the molecular signatures of the Hb in association with suicide in individuals with major depression. Postmortem gene expression analysis identified 251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Hb tissue of suicides in comparison with Hb tissues from neurotypical individuals. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses using single-cell transcriptome data from the mouse Hb showed that the levels of a subset of endothelial cell-enriched genes encoding cell–cell junctional complex and plasma membrane-associated proteins, as well as the levels of their putative upstream transcriptional regulators, were significantly affected in suicides. Although our findings are based on a limited number of samples, the present study suggests a potential association of endothelial dysfunction in the Hb with depression and suicidal behavior.
Diagnostic utility of a conventional MRI-based analysis and texture analysis for discriminating between ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups and ovarian granulosa cell tumors
Authors: Nagawa Keita , Kishigami Tomoki , Yokoyama Fumitaka , Murakami Sho , Yasugi Toshiharu , Takaki Yasunobu , Inoue Kaiji , Tsuchihashi Saki , Seki Satoshi , Okada Yoshitaka , Baba Yasutaka , Hasegawa Kosei , Yasuda Masanori , Kozawa Eito 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic utility of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based characteristics and a texture analysis (TA) for discriminating between ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups (OTFGs) and ovarian granulosa cell tumors (OGCTs).MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study enrolled 52 patients with 32 OGCTs and 21 OTFGs, which were dissected and pathologically diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2019.MRI-based features (MBFs) and texture features (TFs) were evaluated and compared between OTFGs and OGCTs. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to select features and construct the discriminating model. ROC analyses were conducted on MBFs, TFs, and their combination to discriminate between the two diseases.ResultsWe selected 3 features with the highest absolute value of the LASSO regression coefficient for each model: the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), peripheral cystic area, and contrast enhancement in the venous phase (VCE) for the MRI-based model; the 10th percentile, difference variance, and maximal correlation coefficient for the TA-based model; and ADC, VCE, and the difference variance for the combination model. The areas under the curves of the constructed models were 0.938, 0.817, and 0.941, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the MRI-based and combination models was similar (p = 0.38), but significantly better than that of the TA-based model (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe conventional MRI-based analysis has potential as a method to differentiate OTFGs from OGCTs. TA did not appear to be of any additional benefit. Further studies are needed on the use of these methods for a preoperative differential diagnosis of these two diseases.
Physics-informed neural networks approach for 1D and 2D Gray-Scott systems
Authors: Giampaolo Fabio , De Rosa Mariapia , Qi Pian , Izzo Stefano , Cuomo Salvatore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays, in the Scientific Machine Learning (SML) research field, the traditional machine learning (ML) tools and scientific computing approaches are fruitfully intersected for solving problems modelled by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in science and engineering applications. Challenging SML methodologies are the new computational paradigms named Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). PINN has revolutionized the classical adoption of ML in scientific computing, representing a novel class of promising algorithms where the learning process is constrained to satisfy known physical laws described by differential equations. In this paper, we propose a PINN-based computational study to deal with a non-linear partial differential equations system. In particular, using this approach, we solve the Gray-Scott model, a reaction–diffusion system that involves an irreversible chemical reaction between two reactants. In the unstable region of the model, we consider some a priori information related to dynamical behaviors, i. e. a supervised approach that relies on a finite difference method (FDM). Finally, simulation results show that PINNs can successfully provide an approximated Grey-Scott system solution, reproducing the characteristic Turing patterns for different parameter configurations.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a new molecular target linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with potential value as non-invasive screening tool
Authors: Marañón Patricia , Fernández-García Carlos Ernesto , Isaza Stephania C. , Rey Esther , Gallego-Durán Rocío , Montero-Vallejo Rocío , de Cía Javier Rodríguez , Ampuero Javier , Romero-Gómez Manuel , García-Monzón Carmelo , González-Rodríguez Águeda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, being non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) its most clinically relevant form. Given the risks associated with taking a liver biopsy, the design of accurate non-invasive methods to identify NASH patients is of upmost importance. BMP2 plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis; however, little is known about its involvement in NAFLD onset and progression. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of BMP2 in NAFLD pathophysiology.

Methods
Hepatic and circulating levels of BMP2 were quantified in serum and liver specimens from 115 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 75 subjects with histologically normal liver (NL). In addition, BMP2 content and release was determined in cultured human hepatocytes upon palmitic acid (PA) overload.

Results
We found that BMP2 expression was abnormally increased in livers from NAFLD patients than in subjects with NL and this was reflected in higher serum BMP2 levels. Notably, we observed that PA upregulated BMP2 expression and secretion by human hepatocytes. An algorithm based on serum BMP2 levels and clinically relevant variables to NAFLD showed an AUROC of 0.886 (95%CI, 0.83–0.94) to discriminate NASH. We used this algorithm to develop SAN (Screening Algorithm for NASH): a SAN < 0.2 implied a low risk and a SAN ≥ 0.6 indicated high risk of NASH diagnosis.

Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study shows BMP2 as a new molecular target linked to NAFLD and introduces SAN as a simple and efficient algorithm to screen individuals at risk for NASH.
Organic phosphorus leaching risk from agricultural soils across China
Authors: Sun Xiaolei , Bol Roland , Klumpp Erwin , Li Meng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Leaching from agricultural land is one of the major pathways of phosphorus (P) loss from soils to waterbody and may induce adverse effect on territorial environment. Past studies usually focused on the loss of inorganic P (PI) while ignored the role of organic P (PO) in leaching process. A total of 63 agricultural soil samples were collected from across China with various soil types including 21 paddy soils, 13 chernozems, 11 red soils and other type soils (n = 18) to identify the potential risk of PO and PI leaching from agricultural lands and to explore their relationships with soil basic properties, Fe/Al oxides, and P status.

Results
CaCl2-extractable organic P (CaCl2-PO) accounted for 8–89% (35% on average) of CaCl2-extractable total P (CaCl2-PT) and available organic P (APO) accounted to over half of available total P (APT) (57 ± 25%). CaCl2-PT was positively correlated with APT under all soil types except paddy soils. CaCl2-extractable inorganic P (CaCl2-PI) and available inorganic P (API) were strongly correlated for chernozem (r = 0.968), while CaCl2-PO the was strongly correlated with APO for red soils (r = 0.901).

Conclusions
PO greatly contributed to the potential P leaching risk and should be included in the risk assessment of total P leaching. The control of soil APT excess accumulation in both PO and PI fractions in agricultural land is the key point to cut down P leaching. Mitigation measures to limit PO leaching should be established based on the soil types.

Graphical abstract
Electroactive nano-Biohybrid actuator composed of gold nanoparticle-embedded muscle bundle on molybdenum disulfide nanosheet-modified electrode for motion enhancement of biohybrid robot
Authors: Shin Minkyu , Choi Jin-Ha , Lim Joungpyo , Cho Sungwoo , Ha Taehyeong , Jeong Jae Hyun , Choi Jeong-Woo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere have been several trials to develop the bioactuator using skeletal muscle cells for controllable biobybird robot. However, due to the weak contraction force of muscle cells, the muscle cells could not be used for practical applications such as biorobotic hand for carrying objects, and actuator of biohybrid robot for toxicity test and drug screening. Based on reported hyaluronic acid-modified gold nanoparticles (HA@GNPs)-embedded muscle bundle on PDMS substrate, in this study for augmented actuation, we developed the electroactive nano-biohybrid actuator composed of the HA@GNP-embedded muscle bundle and molybdenum disulfide nanosheet (MoS2 NS)-modified electrode to enhance the motion performance. The MoS2 NS-modified Au-coated polyimide (PI) electrode to be worked in mild pH condition for viable muscle cell was utilized as supporting- and motion enhancing- substrate since it was electrochemically active, which caused the movement of flexible PI electrode. The motion performance of this electroactive nano-biohybrid actuator by electrical stimulation was increased about 3.18 times compared with that of only HA@GNPs embedded-muscle bundle on bare PI substrate. The proposed electroactive nano-biohybrid actuator can be applied to the biorobotic hand and biohybrid robot.
A social cognitive perspective on gender disparities in self-efficacy, interest, and aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): the influence of cultural and gender norms
Authors: Chan Randolph C. H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is well documented in developed countries, and yet public discussion of gender disparities in STEM in China is still in its nascent stage. Endorsement of traditional gender role beliefs and conformity to social norms are pertinent to Chinese culture, which may even exacerbate the gender disparities in STEM engagement. Grounded in social cognitive career theory, the present study drew on a national sample of secondary school students (N = 3020) in China to estimate gender disparities in self-efficacy, interest, and aspirations in STEM and examine how cultural and gender norms influence STEM engagement.

Results
The proposed sequential mediation model was supported, in which girls were more likely to show lower levels of self-efficacy than boys; this was associated with lower interest in STEM and lower motivation to pursue STEM careers. The results also supported the moderating effect of traditional gender role beliefs and found that gender differences in self-efficacy, interest, and aspirations in STEM were more apparent among students who strongly endorsed stereotypical views of male and female roles.

Conclusions
The findings provide important implications for efforts to improve girls’ access to STEM education through curriculum enrichment and out-of-school time programs to bridge the gender gap in STEM. Access to female role models and gender-responsive pedagogy is also essential to boost girls’ self-efficacy in STEM and eradicate traditional gender role beliefs among all students.
Subcellular localization of fungal specialized metabolites
Authors: Skellam Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFungal specialized metabolites play an important role in the environment and have impacted human health and survival significantly. These specialized metabolites are often the end product of a series of sequential and collaborating biosynthetic enzymes that reside within different subcellular compartments. A wide variety of methods have been developed to understand fungal specialized metabolite biosynthesis in terms of the chemical conversions and the biosynthetic enzymes required, however there are far fewer studies elucidating the compartmentalization of the same enzymes. This review illustrates the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites where the localization of all, or some, of the biosynthetic enzymes have been determined and describes the methods used to identify the sub-cellular localization.