bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Maintenance of Common-Rail Injectors
Authors: Crăciun Ioan , Dumitraş Cătălin Gabriel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The presented paper develops a practical maintenance procedure in the case of injectors, including the necessary steps. It is important to analyze the engine control parameters, the injection, the engine behavior in specific given conditions. By using the maintenance equipment to check the injectors that are electronically operated, we can observe certain variations of them, such as operating parameters, actual and nominal operating values. We performed the maintenance of the injectors, measuring the amount of diesel eliminated on the return, from here observing a disproportionality between the quantities. The accomplishment of this paper leads to an objective that highlights the problems related to the behavior of the supply system and implicitly, problems that can occur at the injectors that use the Common - Rail supply system.
CFD Analysis of a Round Shaped Air Cushion Vehicle with Flexible Skirt Segments at 90° Part I: Different Positions of Bag to Cushion Feed Orifice
Authors: Pavăl Mihai-Silviu , Popescu Aristotel , Zahariea DănuȚ 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Air cushion vehicles represent an interesting research area, mainly from their application point of view. But, at the same time, represents the reason of the scarcity of published results. Based on a series of initial simulations carried out by authors, which analysed lift forces for a round-shaped air cushion vehicle where the segments of the flexible skirt were inclined at 90˚, it was decided to carry out more complex studies regarding this configuration, presented in a series of articles. This complex study consists in performing static CFD simulations, in which values for different constructive elements are modified in order to analyse their influence on lift force. In this first article, the imposed fixed parameters are: angle of inclination of the segments of the flexible skirt and height of the segments, respectively. The main constructive variable parameters are: air clearance height and length between the edge of the bag to cushion feed orifice and inner wall of the flexible skirt segments. The simulations were carried out in ANSYS Fluent software, where velocity contours, streamlines and velocity profiles from the exit under the flexible skirt were analysed and through Curve Fitting Toolbox application found in MATLAB program, the equations were established that describe lift force variation.
Influence of the Condition of the Railway Superstructure on Traffic Noise on the Regional Line
Authors: Pultznerová Alžbeta , Mečár Martin , Šestáková Janka , Hodás Stanislav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most of the railway lines in Slovakia were built in the second half of the 19th century, or until 1918 (the establishment of Czechoslovakia). Except for the post-World War II period, when approximately 71 % of the Slovak lines had to be renewed, limited funds have been spent on repair and reconstruction works on the lines located in the Slovak territory [1]. Nowadays, there is an effort to modernize the main railway lines but also to revamp the local lines. This is also a case of the line section Poltár - Utekáč, where in the near future a sleeper, which is in very poor technical condition, will be replaced by a Y-type sleeper. On this occasion, the impact of the new structure on the noise emission from the sleeper should also be assessed.
Optimization of Red Sand Particle Size and Composition in Mixture with Ordinary Sand to Enhance Concrete Quality
Authors: Harahap Mukti Hamjah , Ritonga Winsyahputra , Irfandi Irfandi , Zubir Moondra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study we determined the effect of variations in composition and particle size of Red Sand (RS) grains on the quality of concrete. Concrete was prepared as cubes of 15 cm3 with a composition of cement, sand and gravel in a ratio 1:2:3 and water to cement ratio of 0.5. Variations of RS (fine aggregate) composition are 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % of the weight and red sand grain particle size were prepared as 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 120 mesh. Mechanical properties of the maximum concrete pressure strength test at a composition of 5 % along with a decrease in the size of the red sand grain size of 100 mesh and 120 mesh RS 100-5 and RS 120-5 with pressure forces of 35.4 MPa, and 35.5 MPa, respectively. On the other hand, the red sand with 80 mesh grain size have maximum pressure force in a composition 10 % RS 80-10 is 34.6 MPa. It is considered the addition of red sand fine aggregate has an impact on improving the quality of concrete.
Location of Photovoltaic Panels in the Building Envelope in Terms of Fire Safety
Authors: Iringova Agnes 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The increasing amount of energy consumed by the operation of buildings results in an increasing environmental burden. This has a direct impact on the innovation of renewable energy technology and its application in building industry. In accordance with the requirements of the “Europe 2020 Strategy” and “Europe 2030 Project”, the long-term goal is to achieve the maximum use of renewable energy sources in the buildings´ operation. One of the solutions is the building-integrated photovoltaic power plant. The paper analyses efficiency and incorporation of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the roofs and perimeter walls. PV systems are a renewable energy source used in the construction of zero energy buildings producing minimal environmental pollution. Semi-transparent building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are one of the technologies that have the potential to increase the building´s energy efficiency as well as aesthetically complete the building´s design. The paper deals with material characteristics of PV panels in terms of the fire risk and definition of the fire hazardous area that arises during their combustion. It is focused on the incorporation of various types of PV technology into the facades and roofs, structural and material solutions of fire-dividing structures to which PV systems are fastened considering their location in the fire hazardous area. Based on the external fire simulations, conclusions in this paper bring the optimal position of PV systems in the building envelope in relation to fire open areas, fire lines and fire hazardous areas. The safety of firefighters during the intervention also depends on the position of PV systems. The case study presented in this paper uses a model solution to give the optimal position of PV systems in the building envelope considering the fire safety.
Novel Methodology for Determining the Mechanical Characteristics of Coarse-Grained Soils
Authors: Ardouz Ghizlane , Baba Khadija , Bouanani Latifa EL , Latifi Fatima ezzahraa , Dardouch Asmaa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coarse-grained soils are a type of soil frequently found in civil engineering projects, and their mechanical characterization still presents a real challenge. They are composed by elements of different dimensions (from a few microns to tens of centimeters), and can be of very varied nature (clay, sand, gravel, pebbles, etc.). The mechanical characterization of coarse-grained soils is very difficult because of the presence of large elements. In order to be able to characterize them in the laboratory by means of conventional size devices, it is very important to study the influence of significant parameters on the mechanical behavior of coarse-grained soils (the volume fraction, particle size distribution and spread, consolidation level and initial state of the matrix), using the large-sized triaxial testing device. In this paper, we will propose a methodology for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of coarse-grained soils based on soil granulometric reconstruction procedures. The method we have named GALA is based on the use of polynomial correlations between the strength increase due to inclusions and the volume fraction fv
and the particle spread (d
min
/d
max) of inclusions. We were able to apply this new method to a natural soil. The results showed the relevance of our method.
Indoor Environment, Lighting Conditions and Productivity in the Educational Buildings
Authors: Krawczyk Natalia , Dębska Luiza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main aim of the research is to assess the light intensity and its impact on the productivity of research participants in educational buildings. The research was carried out in 18 rooms in teaching buildings in Poland and involved over two hundred volunteers. The tests were carried out with the following climate parameters: air temperature ranged from 20 to 25.1 °C, relative humidity from 18.16 to 50.9 %, and the concentration of carbon dioxide from 509 to 1634 ppm. The light intensity in the tested rooms ranged from 17.3 to 1095.1 lux. The parameters of the room temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity and light intensity were recorded using a microclimate meter. The study participants were asked to answer questions about overall well-being, lighting quality, and productivity in each room. The results show that the air temperature has an effect on the productivity of the participants with the most preferable range of about 22 – 24 °C. It was also observed that productivity increased with improved well – being of the respondents. The analysed research also made it possible to check whether the users were satisfied with the light intensity. 74 % of respondents assessed that with the prevailing lighting, their productivity is normal, and they also felt best in rooms where the light intensity was 200 - 400 lux.
Prediction of Geopolymer Concrete Compressive Strength Utilizing Artificial Neural Network and Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Almasaeid Hatem , Alkasassbeh Abdelmajeed , Yasin Bilal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A promising substitute for regular concrete is geopolymer concrete. Engineering mechanical parameters of geopolymer concrete, including compressive strength, are frequently measured in the laboratory or in-situ via experimental destructive tests, which calls for a significant quantity of raw materials, a longer time to prepare the samples, and expensive machinery. Thus, to evaluate compressive strength, non-destructive testing is preferred. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop an artificial neural network model based on the results of destructive and non-destructive tests to assess the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete without needing further destructive tests. According to the artificial neural network analysis developed in this study, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete can be predicted rather accurately by combining the results of the non-destructive with R
2 of 0.9286.
Enhancing the Structural Analysis of Rc Piled - Raft Foundation by Actual Behaviour of Supporting Piles
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Alaa H. , Abdualrahman Safaa Q. , Hanoon Ammar N. , Abdulhameed A. , Taj Ali I. , Al Zand Ahmed W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical analysis of the piled-raft foundation (PRF) based on the actual behavior of supporting piles. The raft was modeled as a thin plate, while the piles were modeled as springs in different ways. This research also aims to propose an analytical model of piles based on actual behavior at fieldwork. The results proved that the structural behavior of raft member can be improved through utilizing the actual behavior of supporting piles. When the piles were modeled as non-linear stiffness springs, settlements and bending stresses of raft foundation were reduce marginally as compared with those obtained from piles with linear stiffness springs.
Noise Annoyance and Sleep Disturbance in New Buildings in Bratislava
Authors: Argalasova Lubica , Mihalcik Ladislav , Pultznerova Alzbeta , Simonovic Jan , Matejakova Lenka , Samohyl Martin , Hirosova Katarina , Babjakova Jana , Jurkovicova Jana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Annoyance and sleep disturbance are the most common community responses to road traffic noise, and they account for the majority of the environmental noise burden in Europe. The findings of a cross-sectional study - a questionnaire survey of residents living in newly built apartment houses in some Slovak towns (Bratislava, Trencin, Martin, Piestany) are presented in this paper. The average age of the 543 respondents was 45 ± 4 years, 53 % were females, and 81 % had lived in their current home for more than five years. Traffic noise measurements on noisy facades LAeq,day
= 51.8 dB to 72.4 dB, LAeq,night
= 41.9 dB to 64 dB were supplemented by a standardized questionnaire. In comparison to respondents with bedroom windows facing quiet streets, those who face noisy streets are less satisfied with their quality of life, less sensitive to noise, and more irritable and restless during the day and night OR = 2.54; 95 % CI = 1.38-4.92. After the results have become completed, we hope to suggest temporary solutions for noisy apartment building facades, as well as intervention techniques, and to apply sound city planning principles.
Experimental Comparison of Fibers and Nanomaterials in Compression Test and Cost of High Strength Concrete in Egypt
Authors: Al-Hamad Ezzat Gazy , Ragab Ahmed Mahmoud , Elattar Mohamed Mohsen , Sadek Dina Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work addresses conducting an experimental comparison between different types and dosages of fibers and nanomaterials in compressive tests and the cost of mixes for high-strength concrete (HSC). This study investigated the materials used in the construction sector in Egypt. The experimental work was carried out to select the optimum percentage of each type of the used nanomaterials, and fibers to achieve the highest compressive strength and low cost. In this work, nineteen concrete mixes were prepared. Nano silica (NS) and nano clay (NC) were used at 0, 1, 2, and 3 % by weight of cement. Also, nano- fumed silica (FS) was used at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 %, while silica fume (SF) was used at 10 % by weight of cement. Each type of corrugated round steel fiber (STF), and polypropylene fibers (PPF) were used at 0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 % by concrete volume. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the HSC increases as the percentage of adding nano-fumed silica increases up to 3 % and the economic feasibility of nano-fumed silica in concrete is better than in other nanomaterials such as nano silica and nano clay. Also, using 1 % steel fiber in HSC increases concrete strength significantly compared to conventional concrete without considerably increasing the cost.
Verification of Precast Concrete Girder Bridge Under Static Load
Authors: Bujnakova Petra , Kralovanec Jakub , Perkowski Zbigniew , Bouchair Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Large-scale construction of transport infrastructure inevitably includes the construction of new bridges. During the design process, many assumptions and simplifications are taken into account. Therefore, the verification of the structural response of new bridges is necessary. One of the possible tests of structural response is a proof-load test which can detect certain problems of investigated structures. The paper introduces numerical and experimental analysis of the new bridge, which is located on Slovak Highway D1, section Hricovske Podhradie – Lietavska Lucka. The verified bridge is a four-span continuous structure with a total length of 129.4 m. The bridge is a representative of typical precast girder bridges adopted for construction of Slovak highways. The superstructure consists of eight post-tensioned precast I-beams. During a load test, predicted structural response was verified to check for any unusual behaviour. Finally, recorded data was summarised and report was distributed to all subcontractors and bridge owner. This information may help in further bridge management program.
Food supplements in Poland in context of issues related to their safety as food
Authors: Baraniak Justyna , Kania-Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Kujawski Radosław 
Published: November 2022

Summary
In Poland, food supplements have been popular among consumers for many years. Their sale brings producers huge profits. The interest in these products, especially in vitamin and mineral preparations and in immunity-supporting products increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-medication with untested dietary supplements may be health hazardous. Since in Poland and in other countries the procedures of quality control of food supplements are imperfect, this situation raises serious concerns about the risks of their unrestricted use and food fraud. The article briefly presents important problems in the safety of food supplements from the point of view of experts involved in their evaluation.
Numerical Analysis of the Rear Wind Influence on the Truck During Travel
Authors: Doçi Ilir , Shala Ferat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rear wind is the air flow that blows in the rear side of the truck. Also known as a tailwind, this aerodynamic force can cause stability issues during forward travel. The methodology of the study is CFD numerical analysis of vehicle aerodynamics. The results will be acquired for the influential aerodynamic parameters, which includes velocity, pressure, vortex, stress, that will explain the impact of rear wind on the truck body. This is achieved with the aid of design, modelling, and simulations using software Comsol Multiphysics. The simulations were performed with freestream velocity of rear wind on the back and around the truck body. Virtual Wind tunnel is modelled around the truck to simulate the wind blow and distribution. There are two airflow regimes analysed: laminar flow and turbulent flow. Simulations for the laminar air flow were implemented for Compressed air flow and the velocity limit Ma<0.3. Simulations for the turbulent air flow regime were implemented based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) and K-ω model. Anemometer device is used for the experimental measurements of the wind velocity around the truck. The wind is a function of air velocity and atmospheric pressure. The paper is in the fields of Vehicle aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Transport safety.
Testing the Readiness of Slovak Road Infrastructure for the Deployment of Intelligent Transportation
Authors: Lehoczký Peter , Janeba Matej , Galinski Marek , Šoltés Lukáš 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the recent years, we observe huge effort to develop new technologies for modern road vehicles in order to improve the level of safety for all passengers in the vehicle. Many of these systems are sooner or later becoming mandatory for the vehicles to be allowed to drive on the European roads. These are for example Lane Keeping Assistants (LKA) or Intelligent Speed Assist (ISA). Although there is huge effort on development and continuous improvement of these systems in the new vehicles, much less effort is put into the analysis of the infrastructure itself in the terms of its readiness for being used by these technologies. This study, in cooperation with the government authorities set as a goal an evaluation of sensoric readability of the horizontal and vertical road signs on the Slovak road infrastructure together with a public dataset to be released after the study will be completely done.
Use of Laser Metal Deposition Technology in Additive Manufacturing of Ni Powder Materials
Authors: Sejč Pavol , Jaroš Ján , Vanko Branislav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The process parameters of the Laser Metal Deposition technology in the production of simple components made of NiCuBSi type metal powder were verified in this paper. A laser head with a coaxial powder supply and argon gas was used in the production. The powder was welded to a S235J2G3 steel plate. The used parameters (heat input 0.25 kJ.mm−1) enabled the production of samples with a minimum porosity (1.2 %) and without the defects (cold joints, pores) between the weld layers.
Meshing Characteristics of Profile Shifted Cylindrical Quasi-Involute Arc-Tooth-Trace Gears. Part 1. Theoretical Base
Authors: Tkach Pavlo , Reviakina Olga , Kryvosheia Anatolii , Melnyk Volodymyr , Ustynenko Oleksandr , Protasov Roman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears is obtained. The model includes functional relationships between the geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics and parameters of the generating surface as well as conditions which allow to prevent teeth undercutting and tip pointing. A short analysis of meshing characteristics value along the tooth trace is done for pressure angle value of 20º. This value of the angle was chosen as it is the most common one for general-duty gears, although the basic rack profile angle in the model is a variable quantity. The model can be used in the design and analysis of geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears, cut by Gleason-type cutters with different profile angle value.
Experiment and Simulation Study of the Effect of Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Composite
Authors: Zaini Mohammed , Ait El Fqih Mohammed , Mohamed M. Idiri , Bouab Wafaa , Chafiq Jalal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are gaining increasing attention as engineering materials for advanced applications, including high performance ballistic armor components. This requires superior mechanical properties, such as toughness. Jute fiber reinforced composites are currently being explored as possible advanced engineering materials. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with jute fibers and steel fillers. In the present study, three types of the composite of two-way jute carpet and steel fillers were reinforced with epoxy, with different rates of each material.
Start-ups and Business Accelerators in Algeria: Financing and Marketing
Authors: Fetni Said , Barhoum Hadjer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Emerging institutions play an important role in the economies of the contemporary world, and because of the sensitivity and weakness of these institutions, especially in terms of financing and marketing, in the presence of a fierce environment of competition, countries have resorted to providing several support mechanisms, and perhaps the most prominent of these mechanisms are the platforms of entrepreneurs, especially business accelerators, where The latter provides the necessary facilities and assistance such as accompanying, financing and even marketing for the establishment of emerging institutions, especially those based on new technological initiatives until they become able to continue and compete in the external environment.
Therefore, through this research paper, the role that business accelerators play and their contribution to enhancing the presence of emerging institutions, working on their success and continuity, raising the level of creativity and innovation, as well as activating the relationship between research centers and emerging institutions by transforming these ideas into successful projects, as well as highlighting the most important models of these Accelerators in Algeria.