bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children
Authors: Rinderknecht Charlotte , Filippi Cornelia , Ritz Nicole , Fritschi Nora , Simmen Urs , Filippi Andreas , Diesch-Furlanetto Tamara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human saliva is a complex fluid containing proteins such as salivary cytokines, which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly among the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of salivary cytokines in healthy children and adolescents and determine their associations with age, sex, and oral and dental findings. Healthy children and adolescents aged 4–18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of the following salivary cytokines were measured by Luminex technology: IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A. Additionally, oral and dental parameters were recorded using a standardized protocol. A total of 128 participants (mean age, 10.7 years; males, 50.8%) were enrolled. The levels of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in those with gingivitis. Increased salivary flow rates were negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations. The findings of this study showed that the concentrations of most of the salivary cytokines were positively correlated with age and the presence of oral pathologies (such as gingivitis and caries) and negatively correlated with salivary flow rate.
The antifungal activity of a serine protease and the enzyme production of characteristics of Bacillus licheniformis TG116
Authors: Ling Lijun , Cheng Wenting , Jiang Kunling , Jiao Zhenglong , Luo Hong , Yang Caiyun , Pang Mingmei , Lu Lu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The growth of Phytophthora capsica, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea were all inhibited by the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis TG116, a biocontrol strain isolated from Typhonium giganteum Engl previously with broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens. The fermentation supernatant of the TG116 has a great stability on temperature and UV, and shows the biological activity of serine protease and cellulase. The antifungal protease produced by Bacillus licheniformis TG116 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. When Colletotrichum capsici was used as an indicator strain, the protease exhibited great antifungal activity at a pH range from 5.0 to 11.0 and temperature at no higher than 60°C. Gene amplification verified the presence of a gene fragment of serine protease in the strain TG116. The antimicrobial substance isolated from the fermentation broth of TG116 is a serine protease component. The serine protease isolated and purified from B. licheniformis TG116 has a great antifungal activity.
Hospice preference among families with cancer patients in China: An exploratory study
Authors: YAO Nian , CHEN Hao , LAI Xiao Bin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The reasons for hospice underuse in China needs exploration from the perspective of patients with cancer and their families. Furthermore, existing literature about hospice decision-making among Chinese families with cancer patients is limited. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of hospice care among families with cancer patients, their preference of healthcare at the end-of-life stage of care, and the predictors of hospice preference.Methods: This was an exploratory study conducted between July 2021 and January 2022. Overall, 300 decision-makers of cancer patients were recruited from the oncology ward of seven hospitals in Shanghai, China. Of these, 285 valid responses were included in the data analysis. A self-developed questionnaire about their preference of healthcare when the patient was at the end-of-life stage was completed. Descriptive analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data.Results: Only 29.7% of the participants had heard of hospice care. Most participants (78.2%) reported no introduction of hospice care from their doctors. More than half of the participants (58.2%) did not have a preference of healthcare at the end-of-life stage. Seventy-eight (65.5%) of the 119 participants who had a preference chose hospice care, and the other 41 participants (34.5%) refused hospice care. Having heard of hospice care had a significant impact on having a preference for healthcare at the end-of-life stage (OR=14.346, 95%CI 7.219-28.509, p<0.001). Not being sure whether the doctor introduced hospice care before had a significant impact on having no preference for healthcare at the end-of-life stage (OR=0.180, 95%CI 0.052-0.617, p=0.006). Another family member being cared for at home had a significant impact on the participants’ hospice preference (OR=2.739, 95%CI 1.159-6.470, p=0.022).Conclusion: The end-of-life communication between healthcare providers and the families of cancer patients is insufficient. More efforts should be made in increasing the awareness of hospice care among patients with cancer and their families. Further study is needed to explore the reasons for a lack of discussion on hospice options between healthcare providers and the families. Additionally, the impact of at-home care burden on the hospice choice of families with cancer patients requires further study.
Performance Validation of Spectrum Sensing Using Kernelized Support Vector Machine Transformation
Authors: reddy Lakshmikanth , M Meena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The constant development of interest experienced by wireless networks makes a spectrum accessibility challenge. Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to overcome the challenges in spectrum utilization. The process of finding the spectrum holes (availability of spectrum) is called spectrum sensing (SS) which is a major task in cognitive radio network (CRN). Various creative methodologies are proposed in the literature to track the spectrum and identify the available holes. The use of Machine Learning strategies for spectrum sensing has attracted interest in the literature. Therefore, we have considered an ML technique, Support vector machine (SVM) method with Kernel transformation to achieve better results in spectrum sensing. The proposed conspire astoundingly further develops the spectrum detecting execution, but also essentially builds the open doors for dynamic access to the licensed spectrum for the unlicensed users.
Deregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway is associated with microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kai , Shi Jihua , Gao Jie , Sun Yaohui , Wang Zhihui , Shi Xiaoyi , Guo Wenzhi , Jin Yang , Zhang Shuijun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The liver is one major organ undergoing arachidonic acid synthesis and metabolism; however, the role of arachidonic acid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the expression of key arachidonic acid metabolism pathway genes in HCC were determined by bioinformatics analysis of publicly available datasets, proteomics analysis of clinical HCC tissues, and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of HCC. By comparing the differential expression of hepatic arachidonic acid metabolic genes, we found that the expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway genes, at both mRNA and protein levels, was significantly decreased in HCC tissues. The deregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway is markedly correlated with the pathological features and prognosis of HCC. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the activity of the CYP450 pathway and vascular invasion status in HCC, indicating it would have potential as a predictive factor for early recurrence in HCC patients.
Deciphering the effects of co-culturing on the metabolite profiles of Ligilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 and Limosilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 using untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Kwoji Iliya Dauda , Okpeku Moses , Aiyegoro Olayinka Ayobami , Adeleke Matthew Adekunle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ligilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625 (ZJ625) and Limosilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 (ZJ614) are important lactic acid bacteria with the potential for use as probiotics. To better understand the mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions between ZJ625 and ZJ614 and elucidate their probiotics potentials, we studied the effects of co-culturing in defined media on the metabolomes. The strains were cultured singly (L. reuteri ZJ625 or L. salivarius ZJ614) and in co-cultures (L. reuteri ZJ625 plus L. salivarius ZJ614) and harvested at the mid-exponential phase. Single-phase extraction method was used to extract the metabolites from pre-weighed cells for the two-dimensional gas-column time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GCxGC- TOFMS) analysis. The data was obtained using a Leco corporation ChromaTOF software and exported for statistical, pathway enrichment, and impact analyses using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated an overlap of the samples from the two batches, indicating no significant batch effect. The data was then analyzed using the group allocations. This study revealed 1388 metabolites from L. reuteri ZJ625 and L. salivarius ZJ614 single and co-cultures in defined media, of which 18.87% were significantly expressed (p < 0.05). Of the significantly expressed metabolites, 28% DEMs were identified (p < 0.05, VIP > 1), of which 51.3% were annotated while 48.6% are currently not annotated in the databases. The whole metabolome of the strains in single and co-cultures revealed the expression of several important metabolites, including arabinofuranose, methyl-galactoside, N-acetyl-glutamic acid, phosphoric acid, decanoic acid, metyrosine, and deoxypentafuranose which play roles in different metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, hence confirming the probiotic potential as single- or multi-strain cultures. The co-culturing of the strains influenced the metabolites profiles of the strains showing additive and regulatory differential metabolites expressions. Pathway enrichment and impact analyses revealed the association of the differentially expressed metabolites with functional effects such as antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and microbiome stimulation.
Neuroendocrine involves in flesh quality degradation of Litopenaeus vannamei during waterless transport by disturbing physiological and metabolic response
Authors: Xu Defeng F. , Zheng Xiaoxian , Li Caihong , Sun Lijun , Qin Xiaoming , Wang Yaling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The flesh quality degradation of shrimp during waterless transport has been observed and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the biochemistry mechanisms of flesh degradation with integration of quality evaluation, metabolic profiling, and histopathological analysis. The flesh quality indicators such as water holding capacity, protein and lipid contents, amino acid composition, and myofiber characteristics degraded with the prolongation of combined stress. In addition, the metabolites including gamma-aminobutyric acid, Val-Ala, Trh and derivatives of carnitine, phosphocholine, and prostaglandin all reduced significantly under combined stress (P < 0.05). Furthermore, KEGG analysis discovered the enrichment of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and estrogen signaling pathways, indicating the involvement of neuroendocrine in stress response. Moreover, architecture impairment in hepatopancreas tissue verified the accumulation of metabolic disturbance. Altogether, these findings indicate that neuroendocrine system mediates the flesh degradation of L. vannamei during waterless transport by disturbing the biochemical metabolic pathways and inducing architecture impairment on myofibril fibers.
Characteristics and predictors of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Hong Wei-Cheng , Yin Chun-Hao , Hsu Chien-Wei , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high mortality when acutely exacerbated. However, the mortality may be higher in patients needing mechanical ventilation due to severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Hence, we performed a cohort study to investigate the predictors in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure, who had been treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We included patients admitted to our hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, from January 2011 to December 2021. Patients were excluded if they were aged below 20 years or had incomplete clinical or laboratory test data.Results: We found that the 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 20% after ventilation in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Patients with age ≥70 years (P: 0.007, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.21, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.25–3.92), shock (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 2.26–8.55), high serum lactate > 4 mmole/L (P: 0.008, aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.31–6.07), PaCO2 < 50 mmHg (P: 0.003, aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.33–4.14), and NIPPV (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.29–7.84) were independent predictors for higher 30-day in-hospital mortality rate in stepwise logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: We identified clinical predictors of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Age ≥70 years, shock, high serum lactate > 4 mmol/L, PaCO2 < 50 mmHg, and NIPPV were associated with higher 30-day in-hospital mortality rates in these patients.
Double Counting in Mystery: Journey of Intermediate Products in Multi-Country Trade
Authors: BIYIK ONUR 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the production concept of the Value-Added (VA) chain by applying an alternative framework, as this concept is the main driver of the VA embodied in the intermediate export. VA supply chain spillover (upstream and downstream) of the production activities is investigated. The focal point of this study is to extend Global Value Chains (GVC) based on the multilevel and bilateral trade flow. In brief, there are two main contributions of this paper; the first begins with the originality of this work’s theory which reveals the intermediate input journey among sector-country pairs, and the second is to introduce the optimal GVC participation with the knowledge spillover effect regarding vertical (upstream and downstream) integration. In other words, this paper found that different forms of the VA with traveled products (among countries) provide more precise (sectoral/regional) integration and optimal estimation method. This paper relies on constructed Global Trade Analysis Project Multi-Region Input-Output (GTAP-MRIO) and patent panel datasets. As a result of the analysis, if the product crosses the border only twice as the product returns home to its origin country, the export/import coefficient of the sectoral linkages, which boosts VA and then causes double-counting, is about 1.54 % in terms of (single) country-level data. More importantly, with regard to its contributions with the knowledge spillover effect, traveling products among countries as twice or infinity is to contribute by 1.6% or 154%. Lastly, its contribution to VA presents 0.8% to 72%.
Level Line Trees on 2D Voronoi Diagrams
Authors: Song Yuqing , Tao Rui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a topdown algorithm to compute the level line tree of a 2D point set with a Voronoi diagram and scalar values. A level line is a boundary of a component of an upper/lower level set. All level lines are nested to form a tree, called the level line tree. The running time of the algorithm is O (n + L), where n is the size of the input data, L is the total length of all level lines, and the length of a level line is measured by the number of Voronoi edges in it. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated by experiments.
Construction and yield optimization of a cinnamylamine biosynthesis route in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Qi , Ma Linlin , Wang Zhiguo , Chen Quan , Wang Qian , Qi Qingsheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundWith the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds has attracted much attention. Cinnamylamine is an aromatic compound derived from l-phenylalanine, which is used in the synthesis of biologically active molecules, including drugs, and energetic materials. Cinnamylamine has been mainly synthesized by chemical methods to date, and few reports have focused on the biosynthesis of cinnamylamine. Therefore, it is desirable to establish an efficient biosynthesis method for cinnamylamine.ResultsThe ω-aminotransferase Cv-ωTA from Chromobacterium violaceum has been demonstrated to have high enzyme activity in the conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylamine. To prevent the preferable conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in wild-type Escherichia coli, the strain MG1655 (RARE) in which six aldehyde ketone reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes have been knocked out was employed. Then, the carboxylic acid reductase from Neurospora crassa (NcCAR) and phosphoubiquitinyl transferase (PPTase) from E. coli were screened for a high conversion rate of cinnamic acid to cinnamaldehyde. To shift the equilibrium of the reaction toward cinnamylamine, saturation mutagenesis of Cv-ωTA at key amino acid residues was performed, and Cv-ωTA Y168G had the highest conversion rate with 88.56 mg/L cinnamylamine obtained after 4 h of fermentation. Finally, by optimizing the substrates and the supply of the cofactors, PLP and NADPH, in the fermentation, the yield of cinnamylamine in engineered E. coli reached 523.15 mg/L.ConclusionWe achieved the first biosynthesis of cinnamylamine using cinnamic acid as the precursor in E. coli using a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy. This study provides a reference for the biosynthesis of other amine compounds and lays a foundation for the de novo synthesis of cinnamamine.
Partition Minimization Technique
Authors: Das Arghya Ranjan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There are various algorithms to find the minima of a function, most of them are based on calculating the gradients and using them to find and approximate minima. In this work we will look at a numerical algorithm to find the minimum value of a function, since it is a numerical algorithm hence it does not requires calculation of any gradients. Also the error in the solution decreases exponentially fast with each iteration, thus a highly accurate result can be generated within a small number of iterations. In this algorithm we successively partition the search domain to reduce its size with each iterations and ultimately giving the minimum value within some error limits. Though the algorithm presented here is to find an minima in a given search domain, but with proper parameters it can be used to find the global minima in the search domain.
A metapopulation study of Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata in forest patches of Zobel area northern Wollo Ethiopia
Authors: Semu Araya , Bekele Tamrat , Molla Ermias 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the concept of metapopulation has acquired traction in both biological and conservation circles. The population of a metapopulation is believed to be unstructured and spatially distributed when modeling it. As a result of both natural and artificial forces, Ethiopia's forest has been fragmented and divided into smaller portions. Due to the expansion of agriculture and urbanization, forest areas have been preserved around Ethiopian Orthodox Church monasteries and churches. Species that are important to the local community are on the edge of extinction in the forest and are seeking shelter in protected or church woodlands. Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata is a plant that is widely used by locals in different sections of the country. The study's major goal is to determine the population distribution and investigate factors that influence Olea's survival and growth. Both a plot and a comprehensive survey were used to determine the species' prevalence. The metapopulation of the Olea population in the Zobel region was studied using thirty forest patches owned by various owners. The Incidence function model was used to analyze the presence and absence data from both the dry and rainy seasons. The largest patch was 24.06 hectares in size, while the smallest was 0.9 hectares in size. The presence of mature trees in the study area was shown to be strongly influenced by the age of the patch. Forest ownership and the number of goats in the area, according to the GLM data, have a significant impact on the occurrence of Olea seedlings and saplings in the patches. The species' adult stage has been influenced by the local community, and it can only be found in old forests like church forests. Steps must be taken to improve awareness in order to increase the incidence of species planting.
Incidental Finding of Elevated Pulmonary Arterial Pressures During Liver Transplantation and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Joosten Alexandre , Carrier Francois Martin , Menioui Aïmane , Linden Philippe Van der , Alexander Brenton , Coilly Audrey , Golse Nicolas , Allard Marc-Antoine , Lucidi Valerio , Azoulay Daniel , Naili Salima , Toubal Leila , Moussa Maya , Karam Lydia , Pham Hung , LAUKAITYTE Edita , Amara Youcef , Minet Marc Lanteri , Samuel Didier , Sitbon Olivier , Humbert Marc , Savale Laurent , Duranteau Jacques 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: In patients with end stage liver disease (ESLD) scheduled for liver transplantation (LT), an intraoperative incidental finding of elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) may be observed. Its association with patient outcome has not been evaluated. We aimed to estimate the effects of an incidental finding of a mPAP >20mmHg during LT on the incidence of pulmonary complications.Methods: We examined all patients who underwent a LT at Paul-Brousse hospital between January 1,2015 and December 31,2020. Those who received: a LT due to acute liver failure, a combined transplantation, or a retransplantation were excluded, as well as patients for whom known porto-pulmonary hypertension was treated before the LT or patients who underwent a LT for other etiologies than ESLD. Using right sided pulmonary artery catheterization measurements made following anesthesia induction, the study cohort was divided into two groups using a mPAP cutoff of 20mmHg. The primary outcome was a composite of pulmonary complications. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the primary outcome. Sensitivity analyses of multivariable models were also conducted with other mPAP cutoffs (mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg and ≥ 35 mmHg) and even with mPAP as a continuous variableResults: Of 942 patients who underwent a LT, 659 met our inclusion criteria. Among them, 446 patients (67.7%) presented with an elevated mPAP (mPAP of 26.4±5.9mmHg). When adjusted for confounding factors, an elevated mPAP was not associated with a higher risk of pulmonary complications (adjusted OR: 1.16; 95%CI 0.8-1.7), nor with 90 days-mortality or any other complications. In our sensitivity analyses, we observed a lower prevalence of elevated mPAP when increasing thresholds (235 patients (35.7%) had an elevated mPAP when defined as ≥ 25 mmHg and 41 patients (6.2%) had an elevated mPAP when defined as ≥ 35 mmHg). We did not observe consistent association between a mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg or a mPAP ≥ 35 mmHg and our outcomes.Conclusion: Incidental finding of elevated mPAP was highly prevalent during LT, but it was not associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications.