bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands
Authors: Tsakalos James L , Ottaviani Gianluigi , Chelli Stefano , Rea Alethea , Elder Scott , Dobrowolski Mark P , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsClonality is a key life-history strategy promoting on-spot persistence, space occupancy, resprouting after disturbance, and resource storage, sharing and foraging. These functions provided by clonality can be advantageous under different environmental conditions, including resource-paucity and fire-proneness, which define most mediterranean-type open ecosystems, such as southwest Australian shrublands. Studying clonality–environment links in underexplored mediterranean shrublands could therefore deepen our understanding of the role played by this essential strategy in open ecosystems globally.MethodsWe created a new dataset including 463 species, six traits related to clonal growth organs (CGOs; lignotubers, herbaceous and woody rhizomes, stolons, tubers, stem fragments), and edaphic predictors of soil water availability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from 138 plots. Within two shrubland communities, we explored multivariate clonal patterns and how the diversity of CGOs, and abundance-weighted and unweighted proportions .of clonality in plots changed along with the edaphic gradients.Key ResultsWe found clonality in 65 % of species; the most frequent were those with lignotubers (28 %) and herbaceous rhizomes (26 %). In multivariate space, plots clustered into two groups, one distinguished by sandy plots and plants with CGOs, the other by clayey plots and non-clonal species. CGO diversity did not vary along the edaphic gradients (only marginally with water availability). The abundance-weighted proportion of clonal species increased with N and decreased with P and water availability, yet these results were CGO-specific. We revealed almost no relationships for unweighted clonality.ConclusionsClonality is more widespread in shrublands than previously thought, and distinct plant communities are distinguished by specific suites (or lack) of CGOs. We show that weighting belowground traits by aboveground abundance affects the results, with implications for trait-based ecologists using abundance-weighting. We suggest unweighted approaches for belowground organs in open ecosystems until belowground abundance is quantifiable.
Thailand’s debut in investment treaty arbitration: the curious case of Walter Bau and its lessons for participants in international investment law
Authors: Junngam Nartnirun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thailand’s first experience with investment treaty arbitration has not been a pleasant one. Nevertheless, it offers important lessons to States, foreign investors, and arbitral tribunals regarding their respective participation in the process of decision-making. First, States must be meticulous in concluding investment treaties while bearing in mind that their subsequent practice affects the way those treaties are interpreted and applied. Second, foreign investors’ due diligence when making investments and their selection of a suitably qualified lawyer to represent them in arbitral proceedings will both affect the outcome of their case. Third, arbitral tribunals’ understanding of international law is critical for the credibility of investment treaty arbitration and will contribute to its legitimacy—or lack thereof. In fulfilling their role, arbitral tribunals should consider economic realities within the confines of an applicable investment treaty. Furthermore, to determine their jurisdiction ratione materiae and jurisdiction ratione personae for non-ICSID arbitration, they should adopt the single keyhole approach, following the definition of ‘investment’ and ‘investor’ given by the parties as lex specialis and acting in accordance with the principle of procedural economy.
AI4AVP: an antiviral peptides predictor in deep learning approach with generative adversarial network data augmentation
Authors: Lin Tzu-Tang , Sun Yih-Yun , Wang Ching-Tien , Cheng Wen-Chih , Lu I-Hsuan , Lin Chung-Yen , Chen Shu-Hwa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Antiviral peptides (AVPs) from various sources suggest the possibility of developing peptide drugs for treating viral diseases. Because of the increasing number of identified AVPs and the advances in deep learning theory, it is reasonable to experiment with peptide drug design using in silico methods.

Results
We collected the most up-to-date AVPs and used deep learning to construct a sequence-based binary classifier. A generative adversarial network was employed to augment the number of AVPs in the positive training dataset and enable our deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) model to learn from the negative dataset. Our classifier outperformed other state-of-the-art classifiers when using the testing dataset. We have placed the trained classifiers on a user-friendly web server, AI4AVP, for the research community.

Availability and implementation
AI4AVP is freely accessible at http://axp.iis.sinica.edu.tw/AI4AVP/; codes and datasets for the peptide GAN and the AVP predictor CNN are available at https://github.com/lsbnb/amp_gan and https://github.com/LinTzuTang/AI4AVP_predictor.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Quality of reporting of robot-assisted cholecystectomy in relation to the IDEAL recommendations: systematic review
Authors: Kirkham Emily N , Jones Conor S , Higginbotham George , Biggs Sarah , Dewi Ffion , Dixon Lauren , Huttman Marc , Main Barry G , Ramirez Jozel , Robertson Harry , Scroggie Darren L , Zucker Benjamin , Blazeby Jane M , Blencowe Natalie S , Pathak Samir ,   RoboSurg Collaborative, Vallance A , Wilkinson A , Smith A , Torkington A , Jones A , Abbas A , Main B G , Zucker B , Turner B , Jones C S , Thomas C , Hoffmann C , Scroggie D L , Henshall D , Kirkham E N , Boden E , Gull E , Sewart E , Dewi F , Wood F , Loro F , Hollowood F , Fowler G , Higginbotham G , Sellers G , Robertson H , Richards H , Hughes I , Handa I , Blazeby J M , Olivier J , Ramirez J , Rees J , Chalmers K , Lee K Siang , Dixon L , Leandro L , Paynter L , Huppler L , Gourbault L , Huttman M , Wijeyaratne M , Dewhurst M , Shah M , Kiandee M , Dada M , Blencowe N S , Brewster O , Lok P , Winayak R , Ranat R , Macefield R , Purves R , Lawrence R , Millar R , Biggs S , Lawday S , Dalmia S , Cousins S , Pathak S , Rozwadowski S , Robinson T , Perra T , Leow T Wei , Brankin-Frisby T , Baker W , Hurst W , Young Y Embury 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionRobotic cholecystectomy (RC) is a recent innovation in minimally invasive gallbladder surgery. The IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, long-term study) framework aims to provide a safe method for evaluating innovative procedures. This study aimed to understand how RC was introduced, in accordance with IDEAL guidelines.MethodsSystematic searches were used to identify studies reporting RC. Eligible studies were classified according to IDEAL stage and data were collected on general study characteristics, patient selection, governance procedures, surgeon/centre expertise, and outcome reporting.ResultsOf 1425 abstracts screened, 90 studies were included (5 case reports, 38 case series, 44 non-randomized comparative studies, and 3 randomized clinical trials). Sixty-four were single-centre and 15 were prospective. No authors described their work in the context of IDEAL. One study was classified as IDEAL stage 1, 43 as IDEAL 2a, 43 as IDEAL 2b, and three as IDEAL 3. Sixty-four and 51 provided inclusion and exclusion criteria respectively. Ethical approval was reported in 51 and conflicts of interest in 34. Only 21 reported provision of training for surgeons in RC. A total of 864 outcomes were reported; 198 were used in only one study. Only 30 reported a follow-up interval which, in 13, was 1 month or less.ConclusionThe IDEAL framework was not followed during the adoption of RC. Few studies were conducted within a research setting, many were retrospective, and outcomes were heterogeneous. There is a need to implement appropriate tools to facilitate the incremental evaluation and reporting of surgical innovation.
Thirty novel sequence variants impacting human intracranial volume
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Sulaman , Einarsson Gudmundur , Bustamante Mariana , Gisladottir Rosa S , Walters G Bragi , Jonsdottir Gudrun A , Skuladottir Astros Th , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Magnusson Sigurdur H , Asbjornsdottir Bergrun , Unnsteinsdottir Unnur , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Jonsson Palmi V , Palmadottir Vala Kolbrun , Gudjonsson Sigurjon A , Halldorsson Gisli H , Ferkingstad Egil , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Holm Hilma , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Gudbjartsson Daniel F , Stefansson Hreinn , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir E , Ulfarsson Magnus O , Stefansson Kari 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intracranial volume, measured through magnetic resonance imaging and/or estimated from head circumference, is heritable and correlates with cognitive traits and several neurological disorders. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of intracranial volume (n = 79 174) and found 64 associating sequence variants explaining 5.0% of its variance. We used coding variation, transcript and protein levels, to uncover 12 genes likely mediating the effect of these variants, including GLI3 and CDK6 that affect cranial synostosis and microcephaly, respectively. Intracranial volume correlates genetically with volumes of cortical and sub-cortical regions, cognition, learning, neonatal and neurological traits. Parkinson’s disease cases have greater and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases smaller intracranial volume than controls. Our Mendelian randomization studies indicate that intracranial volume associated variants either increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease and decrease the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and neuroticism or correlate closely with a confounder.
Dual Antiviral Therapy for Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Associated Organizing Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Trottier Caitlin A , Wong Beverly , Kohli Rakhi , Boomsma Cassidy , Magro Francis , Kher Sucharita , Anderlind Christina , Golan Yoav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe management of patients with prolonged viral shedding and coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms remains unclear. Combining antivirals, as practiced in other infections, is theoretically advantageous. We present a case of persistent, symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated organizing pneumonia that was successfully treated with an extended course of combination antiviral therapy.
FPGA-CPU Architecture Accelerated Regular Expression Matching With Fast Preprocessing
Authors: Zhong Jincheng , Chen Shuhui , Han Biao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Regular Expression Matching (REM) is the core of Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), which is important for various network security applications. The burgeoning Software Defined Network and Network Function Virtualization technologies make the network evolve more dynamic, which brings serious challenges for DPI engines to achieve high matching performance with fast rule-set update capability. To meet these challenges, this paper proposes a heterogeneous Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Central Processing Unit (CPU) architecture to accelerate Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA)-based REM with high preprocessing performance. Firstly, a novel regex decomposition technique is proposed to solve the DFA state explosion problem, which splits each regex into one prefix and several postfixes. Secondly, heterogeneous architecture is presented to collaboratively handle regex matching, in which prefixes are matched in parallel in an FPGA and postfixes are matched in a CPU. To further improve the matching performance, several well-designed DFA compression techniques and regex decomposition optimizations are proposed. Our design has been implemented in a DPI prototype employing a medium-end FPGA. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance. Results reveal that our proposed architecture achieves 6.33 Gbps matching throughput on the Snort rule-set (v3.0), which is close to state-of-the-art FPGA NFA-based schemes. However, the rule-set preprocessing time is significantly reduced to &lt;7 minutes, compared with up to several hours of FPGA NFA-based countermeasures.
Disordering International Law
Authors: Kelsall Michelle Staggs 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines critical approaches to liberal internationalism in international law. It argues that, despite ongoing disavowals of the liberal international legal order, most critical international lawyers are yet to let go of liberal vocabularies in order to re-imagine how order might be constituted anew. The article proposes a disordering critique of international law. Disordering international law comprises a process of reflective discernment. Through this process, norms, conventions and principles are determined with reference to a multiplicity of spatial and temporal orders and reframe any understanding of how legal order is constituted internationally. Drawing from the concept of non-duality proposed by Ratna Kapur and the writings of Justice Cançado Trindade, it then conceptualizes a disordering sensibility. Scholars embarking on international legal disordering would ask: how do I understand the arrangement or disposition of people or things in relation to each other? How is ‘order’ determined as a result? What sequence, pattern or method am I imposing and how does that affect any characterization of ‘legal’ ordering? Whose knowledge is included, whose knowledge is excluded and why? The analysis, however, does not stop there. The further and final questions to ask are: how does this change any conception of legal ordering that remains central to the practice of international law? And how might we begin to conceptualize that order and practice differently? The return to practice provides a path towards change, which the article argues is urgently needed. I commence with some answers to these questions and hope to open a space for further disordering, premised on a turning away from dominant liberal frames.
Celestial music: astrology and instrumental affect in Der Natur Banquet (Wolfenbüttel, 1654)
Authors: Spracklan-Holl Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
On 10 April 1654, Duke August the Younger of Braunschweig-Lüneburg celebrated his 75th birthday. Three days later the occasion was celebrated at the Wolfenbüttel court with a masquerade entitled Der Natur Banquet, conceived and organized by August’s wife, Duchess Sophie Elisabeth of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. This article focuses on the opening of Der Natur Banquet, a procession of seven celestial bodies with accompanying music. Investigating the characteristics of these celestial bodies as described in contemporary astrological sources, I demonstrate that visual and aural rhetoric worked in tandem to display the political power and virtue of the duke and his dynasty. The article investigates the affective links between the astrological characteristics of each celestial body and the instruments used with it, and explores the possible influence of ‘Die Tugendsterne’ by Georg Philipp Harsdörffer and Sigmund Theophil Staden.
Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Peters Ruth , Xu Ying , Fitzgerald Oisin , Aung Htein Linn , Beckett Nigel , Bulpitt Christopher , Chalmers John , Forette Francoise , Gong Jessica , Harris Katie , Humburg Peter , Matthews Fiona E , Staessen Jan A , Thijs Lutgarde , Tzourio Christophe , Warwick Jane , Woodward Mark , Anderson Craig S ,   Dementia rIsk REduCTion (DIRECT) collaboration
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsObservational studies indicate U-shaped associations of blood pressure (BP) and incident dementia in older age, but randomized controlled trials of BP-lowering treatment show mixed results on this outcome in hypertensive patients. A pooled individual participant data analysis of five seminal randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials was undertaken to better define the effects of BP-lowering treatment for the prevention of dementia.Methods and resultsMultilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the treatment effect on incident dementia. Effect modification was assessed for key population characteristics including age, baseline systolic BP, sex, and presence of prior stroke. Mediation analysis was used to quantify the contribution of trial medication and changes in systolic and diastolic BP on risk of dementia. The total sample included 28 008 individuals recruited from 20 countries. After a median follow-up of 4.3 years, there were 861 cases of incident dementia. Multilevel logistic regression reported an adjusted odds ratio 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 0.99) in favour of antihypertensive treatment reducing risk of incident dementia with a mean BP lowering of 10/4 mmHg. Further multinomial regression taking account of death as a competing risk found similar results. There was no effect modification by age or sex. Mediation analysis confirmed the greater fall in BP in the actively treated group was associated with a greater reduction in dementia risk.ConclusionThe first single-stage individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials provides evidence to support benefits of antihypertensive treatment in late-mid and later life to lower the risk of dementia. Questions remain as to the potential for additional BP lowering in those with already well-controlled hypertension and of antihypertensive treatment commenced earlier in the life-course to reduce the long-term risk of dementia.Classification of evidenceClass I evidence in favour of antihypertensive treatment reducing risk of incident dementia compared with placebo.
Incidence and predictors of frailty in Latin America and China: evidence from 10/66 cohort studies
Authors: Jiang M , Llibre Rodriguez JJ , Sosa AL , Acosta D , Jimenez-Velasquez IZ , Guerra M , Salas A , Huang YQ , Prince M , Albanese E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Evidence on the incidence and risk factors of frailty in low- and middle-income countries is very limited. We aimed to compare the incidence of frailty and explore its determinants in rural and urban areas in six Latin American countries and China.

Methods
The 10/66 is a multi-site cohort study in older adults. We conducted baseline and follow-up surveys in 2003-2006, and 2007-2010. We assessed frailty using a modified Fried frailty phenotype criterion, and adjudicated frailty (yes/no) when two or more of the following indicators were present: exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, and weight loss. We excluded frail participants at baseline and calculated person-years as the time interval between baseline and follow-up for frailty-free people who were survived and reinterviewed or the midpoint of it for incident frailty cases. We used Poisson and Cox regressions to model the incidence of frailty and its risk factors.

Results
We included 9,747 participants (≥65 years) for the analysis of frailty risk factors. Of whom, 8,212 were reinterviewed with an average of 4.0 years of follow-up, the incidence of frailty was lowest in Venezuela (21.9 per 1000 person-years) and rural Peru (24.3 per 1000 person-years), highest in rural Mexico (110.5 per 1000 person-years) and urban Peru (84.0 per 1000 person-years). In the overall Cox regression, we found significant prospective associations of incident frailty with living in rural areas (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.69, 2.29), dementia (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.18), depression (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.93), comorbidity, female gender, older age, disability, hearing, and vision problems. Higher arm circumference was associated with a lower frailty risk (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98).

Conclusions
The incidence of frailty varied substantially in Latin America and China, and between urban and rural areas. The identified risk factors could be potential intervention targets to decrease the global burden of frailty.

Key messages
• In Latin America and China, the incidence of frailty varied from 21.9 to 110.5 cases per 1000 person-years.
• We identified 9 risk factors and 1 protective factor for developing frailty, and the most relevant risk factors were living in the rural area, dementia, and depression.
The Public Health Playbook: ideas for challenging the Corporate Playbook
Authors: Lacy-Nicols J , Marten R , Crosbie E , Moodie R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Many commercial actors use a range of coordinated and sophisticated strategies to protect business interests at the expense of public health, for example: attacking and undermining legitimate science, intimidating and vilifying critics, and framing and reframing discussion and debate. These strategies can be thought of as a ‘Corporate Playbook’ that spans numerous health and planet-harming industries. To counter this Corporate Playbook and advance health and wellbeing, public health actors need to develop, refine, and modernize their own Public Health Playbook.

Methods
This paper seeks to consolidate thinking around how public health can counter and proactively minimize powerful commercial influences. It draws on previous attempts to develop approaches to counter commercial influence for public health, sustainability, human rights and democracy, and develops eight thematically grouped strategies.

Results
We propose an initial eight strategies: 1) Expand the public health workforce and coalitions; 2) Increase public sector resources; 3) Link with and learn from social movements to foster collective solidarity; 4) Protect public health advocates from industry threats; 5) Develop and implement rigorous conflict of interest safeguards; 6) Monitor and expose corporate activities; 7) Debunk corporate arguments; and 8) Leverage diverse commercial interests.

Conclusions
This set of strategies seeks to amplify inherent assets of the public health community and create opportunities to explicitly counter the Corporate Playbook. These strategies are not exhaustive, and our aim is to provoke further discussion and exploration on this topic. Moving forward, there is a need for further work to develop a rigorously researched and tested Public Health Playbook.