bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coupling of an EUV Coronal Wave and Ion Acceleration in a Fermi-LAT Behind-the-Limb Solar Flare
Authors: Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Omodei Nicola , Krucker Säm , Di Lalla Niccolò , Wang Wen , Battaglia Andrea F. , Warmuth Alexander , Veronig Astrid M. , Baldini Luca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present the Fermi-LAT observations of the behind-the-limb (BTL) flare of 2021 July 17 and the joint detection of this flare by STIX on board the Solar Orbiter. The separation between Earth and the Solar Orbiter was 99.°2 at 05:00 UT, allowing STIX to have a front view of the flare. The location of the flare was S20E140 in Stonyhurst heliographic coordinates, making this the most distant behind-the-limb flare ever detected in >100 MeV gamma-rays. The LAT detection lasted for ∼16 minutes, the peak flux was 3.6 ± 0.8 (10−5) ph cm−2 s−1 with a significance >15σ. A coronal wave was observed from both STEREO-A and SDO in extreme ultraviolet (EUV), with an onset on the visible disk in coincidence with the LAT onset. A complex type II radio burst was observed by GLOSS also in coincidence with the onset of the LAT emission, indicating the presence of a shock wave. We discuss the relation between the time derivative of the EUV wave intensity profile at 193 Å as observed by STEREO-A and the LAT flux to show that the appearance of the coronal wave at the visible disk and the acceleration of protons as traced by the observed >100 MeV gamma-ray emission are coupled. We also report how this coupling is present in the data from three other BTL flares detected by Fermi-LAT, suggesting that the protons driving the gamma-ray emission of BTL solar flares and the coronal wave share a common origin.
Quantifying the Magnetic Structure of a Coronal Shock Producing a Type II Radio Burst
Authors: Su 苏 W. 威 , Li 李 T. M. 汤姆 , Cheng 程 X. 鑫 , Feng 封 L. 莉 , Zhang 张 P. J. 沛锦 , Chen 陈 P. F. 鹏飞 , Ding 丁 M. D. 明德 , Chen 陈 L. J. 林杰 , Guo 郭 Y. 洋 , Wang 王 Y. 炎 , Li 李 D. 东 , Zhang 张 L. Y. 蠡岳 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Type II radio bursts are thought to be produced by shock waves in the solar atmosphere. However, what magnetic conditions are needed for the generation of type II radio bursts is still a puzzling issue. Here, we quantify the magnetic structure of a coronal shock associated with a type II radio burst. Based on multiperspective extreme-ultraviolet observations, we reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) shock surface. By using a magnetic field extrapolation model, we then derive the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the normal of the shock front (θ
Bn) and the Alfvén Mach number (M

A
) on the shock front. Combining the radio observations from the Nancay Radio Heliograph, we obtain the source region of the type II radio burst on the shock front. It is found that the radio burst is generated by a shock with M

A
≳ 1.5 and a bimodal distribution of θ
Bn. We also use the Rankine–Hugoniot relations to quantify the properties of the shock downstream. Our results provide a quantitative 3D magnetic structure condition of a coronal shock that produces a type II radio burst.
3D Radiative Transfer for Exoplanet Atmospheres. gCMCRT: A GPU-accelerated MCRT Code
Authors: Lee Elspeth K. H. , Wardenier Joost P. , Prinoth Bibiana , Parmentier Vivien , Grimm Simon L. , Baeyens Robin , Carone Ludmila , Christie Duncan , Deitrick Russell , Kitzmann Daniel , Mayne Nathan , Roman Michael , Thorsbro Brian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Radiative transfer (RT) is a key component for investigating atmospheres of planetary bodies. With the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres being important in giving rise to their observable properties, accurate and fast 3D methods are required to be developed to meet future multidimensional and temporal data sets. We develop an open-source GPU RT code, gCMCRT, a Monte Carlo RT forward model for general use in planetary atmosphere RT problems. We aim to automate the post-processing pipeline, starting from direct global circulation model (GCM) output to synthetic spectra. We develop albedo, emission, and transmission spectra modes for 3D and 1D input structures. We include capability to use correlated-k and high-resolution opacity tables, the latter of which can be Doppler-shifted inside the model. We post-process results from several GCM groups, including ExoRad, SPARC/MITgcm THOR, UK Met Office UM, Exo-FMS, and the Rauscher model. Users can therefore take advantage of desktop and HPC GPU computing solutions. gCMCRT is well suited for post-processing large GCM model grids produced by members of the community and for high-resolution 3D investigations.
An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Survey Description and First Results
Authors: Chen 陳 Chian-Chou 建州 , Liao Cheng-Lin , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Ao Y. , Bunker A. J. , Chapman S. C. , Hatsukade B. , Ivison R. J. , Lee Minju M. , Serjeant Stephen , Umehata Hideki , Wang Wei-Hao , Zhao Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We introduce an ALMA band 3 spectroscopic survey targeting the brightest submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field. Here we present the first results based on the 18 primary SMGs that have 870 μm flux densities of S
870 = 12.4–19.3 mJy and are drawn from a parent sample of 260 ALMA-detected SMGs from the AS2COSMOS survey. We detect emission lines in 17 and determine their redshifts to be in the range of z = 2–5 with a median of 3.3 ± 0.3. We confirm that SMGs with brighter S
870 are located at higher redshifts. The data additionally cover five fainter companion SMGs, and we obtain line detection in one. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that for SMGs that satisfy our selection, their brightest companion SMGs are physically associated with their corresponding primary SMGs ≥40% of the time, suggesting that mergers play a role in the triggering of star formation. By modeling the foreground gravitational fields, <10% of the primary SMGs can be strongly lensed with a magnification μ > 2. We determine that about 90% of the primary SMGs have lines that are better described by double Gaussian profiles, and the median separation of the two Gaussian peaks is 430 ± 40 km s−1. This allows estimates of an average baryon mass, which, together with the line dispersion measurements, puts our primary SMGs on the similar mass–σ correlation found on local early-type galaxies. Finally, the number density of our z > 4 primary SMGs is found to be

1

−
0.6

+
0.9

×

10

−
6

cMpc−3, suggesting that they can be the progenitors of z ∼ 3−4 massive quiescent galaxies.
Automorphism group schemes of bielliptic and quasi-bielliptic surfaces
Authors: Martin Gebhard 
Published: April 2022

Bielliptic and quasi-bielliptic surfaces form one of the four classes of minimal smooth projective surfaces of Kodaira dimension $0$. In this article, we determine the automorphism schemes of these surfaces over algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic, generalizing work of Bennett and Miranda over the complex numbers; we also find some cases that are missing from the classification of automorphism groups of bielliptic surfaces in characteristic $0$.Comment: 21 pages, final version
Filosofia do ensino de Geografia
Authors: Batista Bruno Nunes 
Published: April 2022

Este texto ensaia a construção de uma Filosofia do ensino de Geografia. Inspirado na perspectiva crítica de Immanuel Kant, trata de pensar esse projeto por meio de quatro encaminhamentos operatórios: 1) discutir um uso acautelado da razão, frente aos limites do conhecimento; 2) problematizar os conceitos a partir de uma análise histórica, enredada em relações de poder-saber; 3) relacionar a docência à noção kantiana de maioridade; 4) conjecturar o ensino de Geografia como uma oficina de conceitos. Desses deslocamentos, não se pleiteia a constituição de um campo hermético forjado às custas de cerceamento teórico-metodológico, mas sim colocar em questão uma Geografia escolar autônoma, que pensa sobre si mesma para emancipar a si e aos outros.
Palavras-chave
Filosofia do ensino de Geografia, Kant, Crítica, Maioridade, Conceito.
Filosofía de la enseñanza de la Geografía
Resumen
Este texto ensaya la construcción de una enseñanza de Filosofía de la Geografía. Inspirándose en la perspectiva crítica de Immanuel Kant, intenta pensar este proyecto a través de cuatro pautas operativas: 1) discutir un uso cauteloso de la razón, frente a los límites del conocimiento; 2) problematizar los conceptos desde un análisis histórico, enredados en relaciones de poder-conocimiento; 3) relacionar la enseñanza con la noción kantiana de emancipación; 4) Conjeturar la enseñanza de la Geografía como taller conceptual. A partir de estos desplazamientos no se pretende la constitución de un campo hermético forjado a costa de una restricción teórico-metodológica, sino cuestionar una geografía escolar autónoma, que piensa en sí misma para emanciparse a sí misma ya los demás.
Palabras-clave
Filosofía de la enseñanza de Geografía, Kant, Crítica, Emancipación, Concepto.
Dimensiones de la gestión escolar liderazgo y autoevaluación
Authors: Alva Rondón Susana Ofelia 
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación tiene la finalidad de determinar la relación entre liderazgo pedagógico y autoevaluación institucional de las Instituciones Educativas de educación básica, RED 03, de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local 05 del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2015.
La metodología empleada corresponde a los estudios de investigación básica en razón que se genera información científica del establecimiento de la relación de dos variables de estudio: Liderazgo pedagógico y autoevaluación institucional. Es una investigación no experimental y corresponde al nivel descriptivo; asume el diseño correlacional, ex post facto y de corte transversal.
Para medir las variables, se utilizó dos cuestionarios y como técnica la encuesta según las variables liderazgo pedagógico y Autoevaluación. Los resultados del análisis estadístico con el Rho de Spearman arrojan una. Los resultados de la investigación reportan una relación positiva moderada (r= 0,574) entre el liderazgo pedagógico y la autoevaluación institucional en Instituciones Educativas de la UGEL 05 del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho.
Asimismo, existe una relación positiva moderada (r = 0,644) y también una relación positiva moderada (r = 0,484) entre la gestión de las condiciones y orientación de los procesos pedagógicos, con la autoevaluación institucional, respectivamente.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN DENGAN AHP DALAM MENGARAHKAN BAKAT SISWA SMPN 1 TOMILITO GORONTALO UTARA
Authors: Rustam Suhardi , Sumarni Sumarni 
Published: April 2022

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan merupakan suatu pendekatan yang sistematis terhadap suatu masalah dengan mengumpulkan fakta-fakta, penentuan matang dari alternatif yang di hadapi sebagai permasalahan, Dataset tersebut adalah dataset yang akan digunakan dalam eksperimen dengan variable rata-rata nilai ujian nasional, rata-rata nilai raport, jumlah nilai raport. Beberapa hasil eksperimen telah menggunakan algoritma AHP yang menfokuskan pada studi kasus dilokasi penelitian dengan dengan tambahan variable dari penelitian sebelum sehingga dapat berkontribusi dan menjadi bahan pertimbangan keputusun bagi pihak sekolah dalam mengembangkan potensi bakat siswa di SMPN 1 Tomilito Gorontalo Utara, proses perhitungan bobot kriteria untuk melihat tingkat kepentingan masing-masing dan antar kriteria dalam dataset maka maka dapat dihitung antara Nilai UN dengan Nilai UN =1 , Nilai UN dengan Nilai Raport = 3, Nilai UN dengan Nilai MP=3, Nilai Raport dengan Nilai UN = 0,3333, Nilai Raport dengan Nilai Raport=1, Nilai Raport dengan Nilai MP=2, Nilai MP dengan Nilai UN=0,3333, Nilai MP dengan Nilai Raport=0,5, Nilai MP dengan Nilai MP =1, hasil perangkingan dari perhitungan bobot, akan dijadikan data pertimbangan dan rekomendasi sebagai system pendukung keputusan ini untuk mengarahkan bakat sesuai prioritas rangking dari hasil perangkingan pengarahan bakat siswa.
Investigating the response of leaf area index to droughts in southern African vegetation using observations and model simulations
Authors: Lawal Shakirudeen , Sitch Stephen , Lombardozzi Danica , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Wey Hao-Wei , Friedlingstein Pierre , Tian Hanqin , Hewitson Bruce 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. In many regions of the world, frequent and continual dry spells are exacerbating drought conditions, which have severe impacts on vegetation biomes. Vegetation in southern Africa is among the most affected by drought. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological drought in southern Africa using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) over a 30-year period (1982–2011). The severity and the effects of droughts on vegetation productiveness were examined at different drought timescales (1- to 24-month timescales). In this study, we characterized vegetation using the leaf area index (LAI) after evaluating its relationship with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Correlating the LAI with the SPEI, we found that the LAI responds strongly (r=0.6) to drought over the central and southeastern parts of the region, with weaker impacts (r<0.4) over parts of Madagascar, Angola, and the western parts of South Africa. Furthermore, the latitudinal distribution of LAI responses to drought indicates a similar temporal pattern but different magnitudes across timescales. The results of the study also showed that the seasonal response across different southern African biomes varies in magnitude and occurs mostly at shorter to intermediate timescales. The semi-desert biome strongly correlates (r=0.95) to drought as characterized by the SPEI at a 6-month timescale in the MAM (March–May; summer) season, while the tropical forest biome shows the weakest response (r=0.35) at a 6-month timescale in the DJF (December–February; hot and rainy) season. In addition, we found that the spatial pattern of change of LAI and SPEI are mostly similar during extremely dry and wet years, with the highest anomaly observed in the dry year of 1991, and we found different temporal variability in global and regional responses across different biomes. We also examined how well an ensemble of state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) simulate the LAI and its response to drought. The spatial and seasonal response of the LAI to drought is mostly overestimated in the DGVM multimodel ensemble compared to the response calculated for the observation-based data. The correlation coefficient values for the multimodel ensemble are as high as 0.76 (annual) over South Africa and 0.98 in the MAM season over the temperate grassland biome. Furthermore, the DGVM model ensemble shows positive biases (3 months or longer) in the simulation of spatial distribution of drought timescales and overestimates the seasonal distribution timescales. The results of this study highlight the areas to target for further development of DGVMs and can be used to improve the models' capability in simulating the drought–vegetation relationship.
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on simulated Arctic winter heat fluxes
Authors: Landrum Laura L. , Holland Marika M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. In the high-latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow
insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. While the
climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes remain dominated by the
insulating effects of snow and sea ice covering the ocean until the sea ice
thins enough or sea ice concentrations decrease enough to allow for direct
ocean–atmosphere heat fluxes. The Community Earth System Model version 1 Large
Ensemble (CESM1-LE) simulates increases in wintertime conductive heat fluxes
in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean by ∼ 7–11 W m−2 by
the mid-21st century, thereby driving an increased warming of the
atmosphere. These increased fluxes are due to both thinning sea ice and
decreasing snow on sea ice. The simulations analyzed here use a sub-grid-scale
ice thickness distribution. Surface heat flux estimates calculated using
grid-cell mean values of sea ice thicknesses underestimate mean heat fluxes
by ∼16 %–35 % and overestimate changes in conductive heat
fluxes by up to ∼36 % in the wintertime Arctic basin even
when sea ice concentrations remain above 95 %. These results highlight how
wintertime conductive heat fluxes will increase in a warming world even
during times when sea ice concentrations remain high and that snow and the
distribution of snow significantly impact large-scale calculations of
wintertime surface heat budgets in the Arctic.
Snow water equivalent change mapping from slope-correlated synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) phase variations
Authors: Eppler Jayson , Rabus Bernhard , Morse Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Area-based measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) are important for understanding earth system processes such as glacier mass balance, winter
hydrological storage in drainage basins, and ground thermal regimes. Remote sensing techniques are ideally suited for wide-scale area-based mapping
with the most commonly used technique to measure SWE being passive microwave, which is limited to coarse spatial resolutions of 25 km or
greater and to areas without significant topographic variation. Passive microwave also has a negative bias for large SWE. Another method is
repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) that allows measurement of SWE change at much higher spatial resolution. However, it
has not been widely adopted because (1) the phase unwrapping problem has not been robustly addressed, especially for interferograms with poor
coherence, and (2) SWE change maps scaled directly from repeat-pass interferograms are not an absolute measurement but contain unknown offsets for
each contiguous coherent area. We develop and test a novel method for repeat-pass InSAR-based dry-snow SWE estimation that exploits the sensitivity
of the dry-snow refraction-induced InSAR phase to topographic variations. The method robustly estimates absolute SWE change at spatial resolutions
of < 1 km without the need for phase unwrapping. We derive a quantitative signal model for this new SWE change estimator and identify
the relevant sources of bias. The method is demonstrated using both simulated SWE distributions and a 9-year RADARSAT-2 (C-band,
5.405 GHz) spotlight-mode dataset near Inuvik, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. SWE results are compared to in situ snow survey measurements and estimates from
ERA5 reanalysis. Our method performs well in high-relief areas, thus providing complementary coverage to passive-microwave-based SWE
estimation. Further, our method has the advantage of requiring only a single wavelength band and thus can utilize existing spaceborne synthetic
aperture radar systems.
Automatic delineation of cracks with Sentinel-1 interferometry for monitoring ice shelf damage and calving
Authors: Libert Ludivine , Wuite Jan , Nagler Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Monitoring the evolution of ice shelf damage such as
crevasses and rifts is important for a better understanding of the
mechanisms controlling the breakup of ice shelves and for improving
predictions about iceberg calving and ice shelf disintegration. Nowadays,
the previously existing observational gap has been reduced by the Copernicus
Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission that provides a continuous
coverage of the Antarctic margins with a 6 or 12 d repeat period. The
unprecedented coverage and temporal sampling enables, for the first time, a
year-round systematic monitoring of ice shelf fracturing and iceberg
calving, as well as the detection of precursor signs of calving events. In
this paper, a novel method based on SAR interferometry is presented for an
automatic detection and delineation of active cracks on ice shelves.
Propagating cracks cause phase discontinuities that are extracted
automatically by applying a Canny edge detection procedure to the spatial
phase gradient derived from a SAR interferogram. The potential of the
proposed method is demonstrated in the case of Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica,
using a stack of 6 d repeat-pass Sentinel-1 interferograms acquired
between September 2020 and March 2021. The full life cycle of the North Rift
is monitored, including the rift detection, its propagation at rates varying
between 0.25 and 1.30 km d−1, and the final calving event
that gave birth to the iceberg A74 on 26 February 2021. The automatically
delineated cracks agree well with the North Rift location in Landsat 8
images and with the eventual location of the ice shelf edge after the
iceberg broke off. The strain variations observed in the interferograms are
attributed to a rigid-body rotation of the ice about the expanding tip of
the North Rift in response to the rifting activity. The extent of the North
Rift is captured by SAR interferometry well before it becomes visible in SAR
backscatter images and a few days before it could be identified in optical
images, hence highlighting the high sensitivity of SAR interferometry to
small variations in the ice shelf strain pattern and its potential for
detecting early signs of natural calving events, ice shelf fracturing and
damage development.
effect of Usada Taru Premana combination with acupressure on immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic (Pesarumana Presada)
Authors: Sukraandini Ni Komang , Candrawati Sang Ayu Ketut , Citrawati Ni Ketut , Lestari Ni Kadek Yuni 
Published: April 2022

Background : One of the popular traditional medicine among the people is Usadha Taru Pramana. Usada Taru Pramana contains the diversity of medicinal plants and their uses in traditional Balinese medicine. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the types of plants in Taru Pramana's palm which is believed to have the ability to relieve various symptoms of disease and is widely used for the drug industry. So that the absorption of ginger oil compounds can be optimal through pressure on the body's meridian points through the epidermis layer and into the lymph and blood channels, sweat glands, nerves, and enters the bloodstream and goes to every cell of the body to react, thus causing a calming and hypotensive effect that is can reduce heart rate. Methods: This study uses descriptive quantitative data analysis techniques with a Cross Sectional approach. A total of 20 samples consisting of people Results: The results obtained. From the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, a p-value of 0.025 was obtained, which means that there were differences in antibody levels before and after treatment. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Pesarumana Presada intervention is effective in increasing antibody levels in respondents
impact of Sesamum indicum oil on the heamatologycal parametrers on albino mice
Authors: Al-jbouri Fadia Gh Abbas , Al-Zahra Jinan M. Abed 
Published: April 2022

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of sesame oil on white female rats by studying some biochemical parameters that included vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium ion. The study included 35 animals divided into two main groups divided into groups, each group included 5 animals dosed with different doses 0.5'0.8' 1 ml. The period of dosing was for a month between one day and one day. After the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the serum was obtained. A significant increase in the volume of vitamin D (13.21±0.312, 16.01± 0.51, 19.51±0.78) (ng/dl) respectively compared with control group (9.739±0.096) (ng/dl) and a decrease in parathyroid hormone (0.101± 0. 001, 0.086± 0. 002 , 0.074± 0.002) (ng/dl) respectively compared with control group (0. 112± 0.002) (ng/dl), which caused an increase in calcium ion (9.85±0.206, 10.948±0.178, 12.62±0.158) mg/dL respectively compared with control group (8.7±0.063) mg/dL, was shown.