bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literary festivals: insights from Ireland
Authors: McGuckin Mary 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore literary festivals in Ireland and gain an understanding of the vision and strategic approaches of the stakeholders involved in their development and management.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative research study explores literary festivals in terms of how these are managed and developed, as well as the experiences offered, from a supply-side perspective. The research and data collection instruments include bibliographic research and a series of in-depth interviews.

Findings
The strategic vision and approaches of the founders and directors are critical to the success of literary festivals. The findings of this study provide insights into the stages of festival professionalization, as it explores the development and management of six literary festivals in Ireland.

Research limitations/implications
This study is essentially exploratory in nature. This topic is under-represented in the literature and there is potential to extend this research into a more extensive study of literary festivals from the perspective of key stakeholders. This study was limited by the challenges and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the festival and events industry.

Practical implications
Against a backdrop of increasing numbers and popularity of literary festivals and related events in Ireland, this study could influence the development and promotion of this sector. Furthermore, the findings identify strategies adopted by festival founders and managers, and this is likely to be of interest to stakeholders at national and international levels.

Originality/value
Even though literary festivals have proliferated in Ireland over the past 20 years, there is a dearth of academic research in this area. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study exploring a range of literary festivals in Ireland. The research focuses on literary festivals from a “supply” rather than “demand” perspective. Moreover, it discusses the evolution and development of literary festivals as well as the vision of the key stakeholders involved in their management.
Large mammalian herbivores modulate plant growth form diversity in a tropical rainforest
Authors: Souza Yuri , Villar Nacho , Zipparro Valesca , Nazareth Sérgio , Galetti Mauro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The world’s terrestrial biomes are broadly classified according to the dominant plant growth forms that define ecosystem structure and processes. Although the abundance and distribution of different plant growth forms can be strongly determined by factors such as climate and soil composition, large mammalian herbivores have a strong impact on plant communities, thus defaunation (the local or functional extinction of large animals) has the potential to alter the compositional structure of plant growth forms in natural ecosystems.

Tropical rainforests sustain a high diversity of growth forms, including trees, palms, lianas, shrubs, herbs and bamboos, all of which play important ecosystem functions. Here, we experimentally evaluate how large mammalian herbivores affect the dominance, diversity and coexistence of these major tropical forest plant growth forms, by monitoring communities of saplings on the understorey in 43 paired exclusion plots in a long‐term replicated exclusion experiment in the understorey of the Atlantic forest of Brazil.

Over the course of 10 years large herbivore exclusion decreased diversity among growth forms, increased the absolute abundance of palms and trees (22% and 38% respectively) and increased the diversity of species within these two groups, to the detriment of other growth forms. Furthermore, all pairwise relationships between growth forms were positive on plots where herbivores had access, whereas several strong negative relationships emerged in plots where herbivores were excluded. This occurred despite strong background directional temporal trends affecting plant communities in both experimental treatments across the region.

Synthesis. Our work indicates that the defaunation alters growth form dominance by favouring palms and trees while eroding diversity among growth forms and coexistence on a temporal scale. Large herbivore mammals promote diversity among growth forms, preventing the hyper‐dominance of trees and palms, yet without supressing the diversity of species within growth forms. We argue that large herbivore mammals affect growth forms through several non‐mutually exclusive mechanisms, including herbivory, seed dispersal and physical disturbance, as well as differential effects linked to the morphological and physiological adaptations of growth forms. We conclude that defaunation might lead to profound impacts on important ecosystem functions underpinned by growth form diversity, and result in vertical and horizontal structural simplification of tropical rainforests.
Teaching and learning for life skills development: Insights from Rwanda’s 12+ programme for adolescent girls
Authors: D’Angelo Sophia , Marcus Rachel , Ngabonzima Ernest 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMotivationThe development of life skills has been increasingly recognized in formal and non‐formal education programmes as critical to enabling young people to flourish in personal relationships, the workplace, and wider society. Recent competency‐based curricular reform reflects a growing consensus on the importance of developing a combination of socioemotional, cognitive, and practical skills to overcome contemporary social, environmental, and economic global challenges. Yet there is limited research examining the pedagogical practices that lead to the effective development of such skills.PurposeThis article seeks to fill that gap by drawing on lessons from Rwanda’s 12+ programme, a non‐formal life skills programme for adolescent girls. Examining potential links between pedagogical practices and the programme’s impacts on adolescent girl participants, it enquires into lessons that can be learnt for both formal and non‐formal schooling.Methods and approachInsights from focus groups and interviews with 12+ graduates (ages 15–17) and mentors were triangulated with analysis of project documentation including teaching and learning materials.FindingsFive insights are highlighted: structured teaching and learning materials and scaffolded support for mentors; the use of dialogic teaching; experiential learning opportunities; the importance of safe spaces and trusting relationships; and the engagement of mentors as role models. These combined ingredients of effective life skills programming were perceived to have led to the development of adolescent girls' skills, knowledge, and attitudes, including confidence, voice and agency, financial literacy, self‐efficacy, and self‐care.Policy implicationsTeacher education and ongoing professional development should focus on strengthening teachers' capacity to use learner‐centred, interactive methods, and to foster positive social relationships with and among learners. Sharing of materials and approaches between non‐formal programmes and the formal education system should be encouraged.
Characterization, identification and virulence of Metarhizium species from Cuba to control the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Authors: Baró Yamilé , Schuster Christina , Gato Yohana , Márquez María Elena , Leclerque Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Entomopathogenic Metarhizium fungi are widely recognized for their biological control potential. In Cuba, several fungus-based bio-insecticides have been developed and are produced as part of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes for economically relevant agricultural pests. Screening of fungal isolates from the INISAV strain collection was used for the development of bio-insecticides against important pest insects as, for example the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius.

Methods and results
Six fungal isolates from Cuba were microscopically, morphologically and molecular-taxonomically characterized using marker sequences ef1a, rpb1 and rpb2, and the 5TEF region of the ef1a gene. Five isolates were assigned to the species Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto and one isolate to Metarhizium robertsii. The pathogenic potential was evaluated against adults of C. formicarius, and growth and conidial production on different nutritional media were determined. Metarhizium anisopliae strain LBM-267 displayed pronounced virulence against the sweet potato weevil and abundant conidia production on several culture media.

Conclusions
Entomopathogenic fungal isolates from Cuba were assigned to the taxonomic species M. anisopliae sensu stricto and M. robertsii. Virulence assessment with respect to C. formicarius led to the identification of two M. anisopliae isolates holding biocontrol potential. Isolate LBM-11 has previously been developed into the bio-insecticide METASAVE-11 that is widely used to control several species of plant pathogenic weevils, Lepidoptera and thrips in Cuba. Isolate LBM-267 has not been employed previously but is as virulent against C. formicarius as LBM-11; its growth and conidial production capacities on different nutritional media will likely facilitate economically feasible bio-insecticide development.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Metarhizium anisopliae isolate LBM-267 has been selected as a promising candidate for biocontrol of the sweet potato weevil, an economically important agricultural pest in Cuba, and for further R&D activities within the framework of the Biological Control Program of Cuba.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of staphylococcal phage formulations: Current challenges and applications in phage therapy
Authors: Khullar Lavanya , Harjai Kusum , Chhibber Sanjay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Unconstrained consumption of antibiotics throughout the expanse of the 21st century has resulted in increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens, a transpiring predicament affecting the public healthcare sector. The upsurge of multidrug-resistant pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, synchronously with the breakdown of the conventional antibiotic pipeline has led to the exploration of alternate strategies. Phage therapy applications have thus gained immense prominence among the scientific community to conquer this notorious pathogen associated with wide-ranging clinical manifestations, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. In this direction, a plethora of phage formulations like topical solutions, medicated dressings impregnated with phages, liposomal entrapments, etc., have been considered as an effective and upcoming strategy. Owing to the synergistic effect of phages with other antibacterial agents, they can be easily exploited for biomedical application. This review primarily focuses on the therapeutic implications of S. aureus phages in the biotechnological and medical arena. Through this review article, we have also discussed the current status and the incurring challenges in phage therapy.
The Automated Test Assembly and Routing Rule for Multistage Adaptive Testing with Multidimensional Item Response Theory
Authors: Xu Lingling , Wang Shiyu , Cai Yan , Tu Dongbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesigning a multidimensional adaptive test (M‐MST) based on a multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model is critical to make full use of the advantages of both MST and MIRT in implementing multidimensional assessments. This study proposed two types of automated test assembly (ATA) algorithms and one set of routing rules that can facilitate the development of an M‐MST. Different M‐MST designs were developed based on the proposed ATA algorithms and routing rules and were evaluated through two sets of simulation studies. Study 1 used simulated item banks and considered a variety of testing factors, and results from which can inform us the theoretical performance of the proposed M‐MST designs. Study 2 was designed based on a real multidimensional assessment. In addition, a MCAT was simulated as a baseline design to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed M‐MST design in each study. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed ATA algorithms and routing rule can generate M‐MSTs with a good‐quality control and the same or even better ability estimation results than the MCAT given the same condition. This demonstrates the advantage of using M‐MST for multidimensional assessment especially for the one that needs to satisfy many nonstatistical constraints.
A theory of (de)centralization
Authors: Klibanoff Peter , Poitevin Michel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper compares the efficacy of a centralized and a decentralized rights structure in determining the size of an externality‐generating project. Consider a central authority and two localities. One locality can operate a variable‐size project which produces an externality that affects the other locality. Each locality may have some private information concerning its own net benefit from the project. Under centralization, localities are vertically integrated with a benevolent central authority who effectively possesses all property rights. Under decentralization, localities are separate legal entities (endowed with property rights) who bargain to determine the project size. We examine the performance of these two regimes and show how one or the other may dominate depending on the distributions of private and external benefits from the project.
Meeting the Needs of Vulnerable Primary Care Patients Without COVID-19 Infections During the Pandemic: Observations From a Community Health Worker Lens
Authors: Carter Jocelyn , Hassan Susan , Walton Anne 
Published: January 2022

Background: During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems were forced to focus their efforts on the rapidly rising numbers of patients contracting COVID-19. Although a myriad of publications focused on COVID-19 care have rapidly emerged, few have studied the impact of the pandemic on care received by patients without COVID-19. Objectives: To identify the experiences of Medicaid patients without COVID-19 related illness during the pandemic through the lens of community health worker outreach. Methods: From July 15, 2020 through February 1, 2021 patients previously enrolled in the C-CAT initiative were contacted by telephone for patient check-ins by CHW staff. Results: A total of 24 patients were contacted telephonically. Six patients had no active needs. Of the remaining patients, 70% of participants indicated that they had been unable to communicate with PCP or physician specialist care teams since the beginning of the pandemic and requested assistance from our CHW. Resulting unmet needs included the inability to obtain prescriptions drugs, necessary medical equipment, or supplies. Conclusion: The shift to COVID-19 focused care during the pandemic limited access to primary care for patients without COVID-19. The identified unmet patient needs included obtaining prescription medications, acute on chronic clinical condition management, healthcare services at home, and connection to social services. CHWs are uniquely positioned to assist patients as they connect to necessary clinical care, whether it be virtual or in-person, as they recover from the pandemic experience.
A Systematic Review of Charcot Neuroarthropathy Misdiagnosis
Authors: Safavi Kiya Shazadeh , Torian Joseph S. , Jimoh Raliat O. , Jupiter Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Category: Diabetes; Other Introduction/Purpose: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a disabling condition of the foot and ankle with a prevalence of up to 13% of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In the acute phase, CN presents as a hot, swollen foot, with mild destruction of bone and joint structure. If left untreated it can progress to a chronic stage, with bone and joint destruction, presenting with a classic rocker bottom foot deformity. CN is often misdiagnosed in its acute phase; as a result the diagnosis is usually made once CN has progressed to the chronic phase. This delay causes prolonged treatment regimens and poorer outcomes. This systematic review examines the misdiagnosis of CN and the timeline preceding a correct diagnosis. Methods: A review of the literature was performed by searching Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus for articles published within the last five years that contained the terms Charcot and misdiagnosed, antibiotics, deep vein thrombosis, or osteomyelitis. The database search produced 110 articles, once duplicates were removed. 49 articles were screened out by title and 18 were screened by abstract; leaving 43 eligible articles. During the review of the 43 articles an additional 41 articles were added from references because they provided relevant information. Time of symptom onset to diagnosis was calculated in days, with 30 days counting as one month. Results: In total, 230 patients were included in analysis; of these, 27 (12%) presented with bilateral CN for a total of 257 affected extremities. Type 1 DM was present in 112/210 (53%) of patients, Type 2 DM in 98/210 (47%) of patients, and an unreported DM status in 20/230 (9%) patients. The average time from symptom onset to final diagnosis of CN was 84.8 days, with a range of 25 days to 203 days. Nearly half (110/230; 48%) of the patients experienced CN misdiagnosis. Of these, 99 specific misdiagnoses were reported, with the most common including cellulitis (22/99; 22%), fracture/sprain (18/99; 18%), deep vein thrombosis (13/99; 13%), osteomyelitis (11/99; 11%), and erysipelas and gout (10/99; 10%) each. A total of 42/146 (29%) of patients could recall an incidence of trauma prior to the onset of CN. Conclusion: A diagnosis of CN should be considered in patients with DM who present with peripheral neuropathy coupled with foot swelling, deformity, ulceration, or difficulty ambulating. This literature review has identified that nearly half of patients with CN are misdiagnosed, and many continue to ambulate and do not receive necessary total contact casting until they are correctly diagnosed later on. Subsequently, awareness of CN and the frequency of misdiagnoses associated with it is critical to preventing treatment delay. Further research is necessary to better clarify why CN is so frequently misdiagnosed and the amount of harm that can result from misdiagnoses.
Quantitative safety evaluation of ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges
Authors: Han Yidan , Chun Qing , Wang Haoyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe timber arch lounge bridge is a special type of Chinese architectural heritage that is widely distributed in the southern Zhejiang Province and the northern Fujian Province. The precondition of planning the preventive conservation of built cultural heritage is the reliable evaluation of the structure safety, which enables the planners or decision-makers to comprehensively understand the complex damaged situation of the bridge and figure out a grading system for the bridge safety state. This paper puts forward a universal safety evaluation method for ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges. Special stress is given to the weight assignments during the procedure. Moreover, following the proposed evaluation method a case study of Wenxing Bridge is conducted, which could give a better insight into the evaluating process. This study contributes to a step forward, from the qualitative cognition to the quantitative assessment, on the way of evaluating the structure safety condition of ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges.
Biomechanical analysis of force distribution in one-handed and two-handed child chest compression- a randomized crossover observational study
Authors: Tsou Jui-Yi , Kao Chia-Lung , Tu Yi-Fang , Hong Ming-Yuan , Su Fong-Chin , Chi Chih-Hsien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Even force distribution would generate efficient external chest compression (ECC). Little research has been done to compare force distribution between one-hand (OH) and two-handed (TH) during child ECC. Therefore, this study was to investigate force distribution, rescuer perceived fatigue and discomfort/pain when applying OH and TH ECC in children.

Methods
Crossover manikin study. Thirty-five emergency department registered nurses performed lone rescuer ECC using TH and OH techniques, each for 2 min at a rate of at least 100 compressions/min. A Resusci Junior Basic manikin equipped with a MatScan pressure measurement system was used to collect data. The perceived exertion scale (modified Borg scale) and numerical rating scale (NRS) was applied to evaluate the fatigue and physical pain of delivering chest compressions.

Results
The maximum compression force (kg) delivered was 56.58 ± 13.67 for TH and 45.12 ± 7.90 for OH ECC (p <  0.001). The maximum-minimum force difference force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 52.24 ± 13.43 and 41.36 ± 7.57, respectively (p <  0.001). The mean caudal force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 29.45 ± 16.70 and 34.03 ± 12.01, respectively (p = 0.198). The mean cranial force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 27.13 ± 11.30 and 11.09 ± 9.72, respectively (p <  0.001). The caudal–cranial pressure difference delivered by TH and OH ECC was 19.14 ± 15.96 and 26.94 ± 14.48, respectively (p = 0.016). The perceived exertion and NRS for OH ECC was higher than that of the TH method (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions
The TH method produced greater compression force, had more efficient compression, and delivered a more even force distribution, and produced less fatigue and physical pain in the rescuer than the OH method.

Trial registration
The Cheng Kung University Institutional Review Board A-ER-103-387. http://nckuhirb.med.ncku.edu.tw/sitemap.php
Feasibility study for interactive reporting of network meta-analysis: experiences from the development of the MetaInsight COVID-19 app for stakeholder exploration, re-analysis and sensitivity analysis from living systematic reviews
Authors: Xin Yiqiao , Nevill Clareece R. , Nevill Janion , Gray Ewan , Cooper Nicola J. , Bradbury Naomi , Sutton Alex J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) has been increasingly adopted worldwide by Cochrane reviews, guideline developers and decision-making bodies to identify optimal treatment choices. However, NMA results are often produced statically, not allowing stakeholders to ‘dig deeper’ and interrogate with their own judgement. Additionally, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, unnecessary or duplicated reviews have been proposed which analyse from the same pool of evidence. We developed the ‘MetaInsight COVID-19’ app as a prototype for an interactive platform to eliminate such duplicated efforts, by empowering users to freely analyse the data and improve scientific transparency.MethodsMetaInsight COVID-19 (https://crsu.shinyapps.io/metainsightcovid/) was developed to conduct NMA with the evolving evidence on treatments for COVID-19. It was updated weekly between 19th May – 19th Oct 2020, incorporating new evidence identified from a living systematic review.ResultsThe app includes embedded functions to facilitate study selection based on study characteristics, and displays the synthesised results in real time. It allows both frequentist and Bayesian NMA to be conducted as well as consistency and heterogeneity assessments. A demonstration of the app is provided and experiences of building such a platform are discussed.ConclusionsMetaInsight COVID-19 allows users to take control of the evidence synthesis using the analytic approach they deem appropriate to ascertain how robust findings are to alternative analysis strategies and study inclusion criteria. It is hoped that this app will help avoid many of the duplicated efforts when reviewing and synthesising the COVID-19 evidence, and, in addition, establish the desirability of an open platform format such as this for interactive data interrogation, visualisation, and reporting for any traditional or ‘living’ NMA.