bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting despite <em>“walls coming down”</em>: Healthcare providers’ experiences of COVID-19 as an implosive adaptation
Authors: Cristancho Sayra , Field Emily , Taylor Taryn 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has been a daunting exercise in adaptation for healthcare providers. While we are beginning to learn about the challenges faced by teams during the COVID-19 pandemic, what remains underexplored are the strategies team members used to adapt to these challenges. The goal of this study is therefore to explore how healthcare providers navigated and adapted to on-the-ground challenges imposed by COVID-19.
Methods We interviewed 20 healthcare workers at various hospitals in Ontario, who provided care as part of clinical teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected and analyzed following Constructivist Grounded Theory principles including iteration, constant comparison and theoretical sampling.
Results Participants’ accounts of their experiences revealed the process of ‘implosive adaptation’. The ‘reality check’, the ‘scramble’ and the ‘pivot’ comprised this process. The reality check described the triggers, the scramble detailed the challenges they went through and the pivot prescribed the shifting of mindset as they responded to challenges. These stages were iterative, rather than linear, with blurred boundaries.
Discussion According to our participants, not all adaptations have to be successful during a crisis. The language of reality check, scramble and pivot provides a framework for teams to talk about and make sense of their approaches to crisis, even beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trajectory optimisation in collaborative robotics based on simulations and genetic algorithms
Authors: Zanchettin Andrea Maria , Messeri Costanza , Cristantielli Davide , Rocco Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe separation distance between humans and robots in manufacturing shop-floors has been progressively reduced, thanks to the modern safety functionalities available in robot controllers. However, the activation of these safety criteria usually stops the production or reduces the productivity of machines and robots. With the aim of improving this situation, this paper presents a real-time trajectory optimisation method for collaborative robots. The robot trajectory is parameterised at instruction level, i.e. through the parameters characterizing the robot motion instruction. A genetic algorithm randomly modifies the parameters of the nominal trajectory of the robot, thus obtaining new sets of candidate trajectories. Each trajectory is simulated on a digital twin of the collaborative workspace, which allows to reproduce and simulate the robot motion, and to represent the volume of the work-cell occupied by the human operator. A lexicographic optimization is used to evaluate online the optimal robot trajectory that simultaneously minimizes the risk of collision with the human operator and the trajectory traversal time. The method is validated in an industrial scenario involving the ABB YuMi dual-arm robot for a small parts assembly task.
Toward a script relativity hypothesis: focused research agenda for psycholinguistic experiments in the science of reading
Authors: Pae Hye K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to extend the linguistic relativity hypothesis (i.e., the language we speak affects the way we think) to ascript relativity hypothesis(i.e., the script in which we read influences our thought). Based on the rich body of knowledge in the science of reading that shows the effects of literacy on our cognitive processes, the foundation, rationale, and converging evidence of script relativity are discussed. The tenable notion of script relativity is anchored in previous research into the connection between language and thought as well as a causal relationship from language to cognition. Further discussed is the application of linguistic relativity to reading in both first and second languages to elucidate the reading-to-cognition link and how reading affects our attention, perception, and thought. Focused research for script relativity is suggested in the areas of the operating principle of script (alphabetic vs. morphosyllabic), reading directionality (left-to-right vs. right-to-left), word configurations (linearity vs. block), literacy experience (literates vs. illiterates), and interword spaces (presence vs. absence of interword spaces). The article ends with further recommendations and future directions. It is suggested that linguistic and cultural effects on cognition be controlled in future studies to disentangle the true effects of script.
Cashew leaf and nut blight disease outbreaks under unimodal rainfall pattern in Tanzania
Authors: Nene Wilson , Kapinga Fortunus , Shomari Shamte , Assenga Bobnoel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) which is an important cash crop in Tanzania, is susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Cashew leaf and nut blight disease caused by Cryptosporiopsis spp. is a devastating disease of cashew crop resulting in a significant reduction of nut production. We conducted a study to assess the association between weather variables, particularly rainfall and temperature, on cashew leaf and nut blight disease (CLNBD) outbreaks and establish a minimum wetness duration period for initiation and development of the disease. Poisson regression analysis indicated a significant association between rainfall and temperature with CLNBD incidence (df = 3, Chi Pr < 0.001). Rainfall was positively associated with CLNBD and a unit increase of 1 mm in rainfall caused a 2 percent increase in the percentage of disease incidence (e =  + 0.01995, p < 0.011). However, temperature was negatively associated with disease incidence and a unit increase of 1 °C in temperature caused a 21.56% decline in disease incidence (e = –0.2428, p < 0 .001). Blight incidence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) during the rainy season (range: 11.7 to 36.6%) compared to the dry season (1.4 to 11.5%). Cashew trees in Mtwara District recorded higher blight disease incidence as compared to the rest of the studied areas. This study also established that symptoms for blight disease on cashew leaves appear 8 h post exposure to continuous wet periods. Thus, it appears that for the blight pathogen to initiate and complete its infection processes, a continuous wet period of at least 8 h is required. Findings from this study, particularly the association of rainfall and temperature on disease epidemics, can be used as tools for forewarning incidences of CLNBD. This would help timely initiation of appropriate management strategies.
Genome wide association study for stripe rust resistance in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: El Messoadi Khalil , El Hanafi Samira , Gataa Zakaria EL , Kehel Zakaria , bouhouch Yassin , Tadesse Wuletaw 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide causing huge yield losses every year. Development and deployment of resistant varieties is the most economical and environment friendly approach for controlling this disease. However, because of the continuous evolution of the pathogen, resistant genes are easily overcome by new virulent Pst races, which necessitates a continuous identification and introgression of resistance genes to develop resistant wheat varieties. To identify effective source of resistance, a genome-wide association study was performed using 426 elite bread wheat genotypes based on 5176 polymorphic Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Adult-plant-resistance was evaluated under field conditions for yellow rust resistance for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) at ICARDA Merchouch station, Morocco. Out of the 426 genotypes, 51.17% were highly resistant with 5–10% level of severity to yellow rust. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) using a mixed linear model (MLM) identified three DArT markers on chromosomes 1B, 2B and 7B which are significantly associated with stripe rust resistance at false discovery rate p ≤ 0.05. BLAST analysis confirmed that the marker 412,394 in chromosome 2B overlapped with two previously reported QTLs (QYrlu.cau-2BS1 Luke and QYrid.ui-2B.1_IDO444). However, the two other markers 542,318 (1B) and 583,038 (5B) were not mapped within any of the previously reported gene/QTL regions; therefore, these markers may represent novel resistance loci for yellow rust. The highly resistant elite genotypes and linked molecular markers are recommended for further gene introgression and pyramiding purposes in the wheat breeding programs after validation.
Promoting quality of extended education at primary schools in Sweden and Germany: A comparison of guidelines and children’s perspectives
Authors: Fischer Natalie , Elvstrand Helene , Stahl Lea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInternationally, provisions of extended education programs and related research are increasing. Over the past decade, many governments have established quality standards according to their specific goals. The aim of this comparative case study of School-Age Educare Centers in Sweden and all-day schools in Germany is to identify steps to ensure high quality of extended education in line with requirements for future education. We analyze the perspectives of policymakers, reflected in guidelines and quality standards and explore data from qualitative studies to determine how children define quality and relate it to their well-being and agency. Despite differences in quality standards in Sweden and Germany, children in both contexts describe similar experiences, shortcomings, and needs.
Evaluating student levelling based on machine learning model’s performance
Authors: Ghareeb Shatha , Hussain Abir Jaafar , Al-Jumeily Dhiya , Khan Wasiq , Al-Jumeily Rawaa , Baker Thar , Al Shammaa Ahmed , Khalaf Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel application of machine learning algorithms is presented for student levelling. In multicultural countries such as UAE, there are various education curriculums where the sector of private schools and quality assurance is supervising various private schools for many nationalities. As there are various education curriculums in United Arab Emirates, specifically Abu Dhabi, to meet expats’ needs, there are different requirements for registration and success. In addition, there are different age groups for starting education in each curriculum. Every curriculum follows different education methods such as assessment techniques, reassessment rules, and exam boards. Currently, students who transfer to other curriculums are not correctly placed to their appropriate year group as a result of the start and end dates of each academic year as well as due to their date of birth, in which students who are either younger or older for that year group can create gaps in their learning and performance. In addition, pupils’ academic journeys are not stored which create a gap for the schools to track their learning process. In this paper, we propose a computational framework applicable in multicultural countries such as United Arab Emirates in which multi-education systems are implemented. Machine Learning are used to provide the appropriate student’ level aiding schools to provide a smooth transition when assigning students to their year groups and provide levelling and differentiation information of pupils for a smooth transition between one education curriculums to another, in which retrieval of their progress is possible. For classification and discriminant analysis of pupils levelling, three machine learning classifiers are utilised including random forest classifier, Artificial Neural Network, and combined classifiers. The simulation results indicated that the proposed machine learning classifiers generated effective performance in terms of accuracy.
Implementation of a leisure reintegration programme for people with acquired brain injury in a community rehabilitation programme: a feasibility study
Authors: Alves-Stein Serena , George Stacey , Lannin Natasha A. , Jolliffe Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:Participation in leisure activities is significantly impacted following acquired brain injury (ABI). Despite this being a common community rehabilitation goal, re-engagement with leisure activities following ABI is poorly addressed within Australian community rehabilitation services, which often cater to a mixed-diagnostic group of both ABI and non-ABI clients.Objectives:To evaluate the feasibility and effect of a leisure reintegration group programme within a community rehabilitation service.Method:A single-site, pre- and post-test feasibility study was conducted. Three cohorts of a semi-structured leisure group programme were offered, each conducted over eight sessions within 4 weeks. The Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (NLQ) and Leisure Satisfaction Measure (LSM) were used as primary outcome measures. Measures of acceptability, including adherence, and a post-intervention participant survey were also completed.Results:Of the 14 consenting participants, 9 completed all outcome measures. Mean change score for the NLQ was −3.63 (p = 0.11) and the LSM 4.25 (p = 0.46). The programme was well attended (79%), acceptable for ABI and non-ABI participants and able to be implemented within an existing community rehabilitation service.Conclusion:Providing a leisure reintegration group programme met an identified need, developed client and carer capacity and could be delivered within a community rehabilitation service for clients with mixed diagnoses including ABI. A larger trial is warranted to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention for people with ABI.
PTSD and Depression 8 Years After the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Padmini D. , Zhang Xueyan , Hwang Jimin , Ranasinghe Pubudu M. , Karunathilake Indika M. , Everly George S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among directly exposed (DE) and indirectly or nonexposed (INE) populations in Sri Lanka 8 y after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004.

Methods:
Population-based structured survey study was conducted among Sri Lankan adults living in 5 coastal districts, Hamboantha, Matara, Galle, Kalutara, and Colombo in 2012-2013. A total of 430 individuals, 325 in DE, 105 in INE, participated in the survey. DE and INE groups were compared for demographics and outcomes. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions with backward selection were used to identify risk factors for partial PTSD and depression.

Results:
The prevalence of PTSD, partial PTSD and depression were 2.8%, 10.5%, and 18.8% in DE group, respectively. In multivariable analyses tsunami exposure, female gender, subjective physical health before the tsunami, previous trauma, and depression were significantly associated with partial PTSD. Female gender, high frequency of religious activity, previous trauma, social support, and PTSD were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusions:
The psychological impacts of the tsunami did wane over time, but still present at lower rate even in 8 y. It is important to address these lingering sequelae and expand access to at risk individuals.
Well-being and burnout in medical students: challenges and solutions
Authors: Bhugra D. , Molodynski A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedicine (like many others) can be an extremely stressful profession. The pressures faced by clinicians are often related to ‘life and death’ situations that can lead to high levels of stress and distress. Students and trainees in a variety of allied health professions face similar pressures related to study or work environments. The practice of medicine continuously evolves and changes, and so too do the pressures. If the correct support is not accessible, this can result in burnout. Medical students are generally at a vulnerable stage in life (18–24 years) when they are more likely to develop mental health problems. A recent focus on the mental health and well-being of medical students has highlighted various worrying trends with a series of studies from around the world highlighting surprisingly high rates of stress and burnout among medical students, and fairly similar contributory factors. Despite the challenge of defining and measuring burnout, these studies indicate an urgent need for changes in methods of teaching, alongside rapid access to support. In this editorial, we make some proposals that could help the next generation of doctors to look after themselves and their patients. Medical schools have a moral and ethical obligation to ensure the well-being of their students in these stressful times.
Myanmar's 2020 Election: Explaining the Strong Performance of the NLD and Some Ethnic Parties
Authors: Huang Kai-Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won another landslide victory in the 2020 general election. Although there was widespread dissatisfaction with the government's poor management of the economy and ethnic conflicts, as well as with the pre-electoral coordination of ethnic parties in several states, opposition and ethnic-based parties had failed to gain more seats. Previous explanations had focused on the economy, electoral system bias, weak party institutionalization, and vote splitting among ethnic parties; however, they underestimated the significance of two contextual factors: military dominance of politics and ethnic conflict. This article argues that military dominance hindered normal political development in Myanmar. The anti-military sentiment favored the NLD, which made most Bamar voters disregard the party's poor economic performance. Despite the electoral system's bias, prolonged ethnic conflicts made ethnic parties that had fought for their community's causes more likely to maintain support. These arguments are verified by survey and electoral data sets. The military nullified the 2020 election claiming that electoral fraud was to blame, but the findings indicate that it was the political environment the military created that led to the victory of the NLD and some ethnic parties in the first place.
Belonging in Exile: James Baldwin in Paris
Authors: Siddiqui Mona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJames Baldwin’s autobiographical essay “Equal in Paris” is a perceptive and often amusing account of the American writer’s first visit to Paris. An aspiring novelist who left America in rage over his experience of the country’s injustice and contempt toward Black Americans, Baldwin is acutely aware of racial prejudice in majority white societies. He tells of his experience of staying in a dilapidated hotel, of being wrongly accused of theft and then imprisoned in a Paris jail for more than a week over Christmas. Baldwin’s astute observations of Parisian life and its institutions, show how as a Black American, he struggles to understand this new cultural environment which like most Western societies, has its own form of racism. But this is also a story of an artist’s search for a new intellectual home where he can breathe freely and write. His new friendships with other artists and observations about cosmopolitan European life, allow him to assess what it means to be an American in Paris. This includes exploring those social attitudes that divide America and Europe and those that are universal.
To Whom It Belongs: The Aftermaths of Afrocubanismo and the Power overLo Negroin Cuban Arts, 1938–1958
Authors: García Yero Cary Aileen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores the impact of Afrocubanismo on the development of Cuba’s arts during the 1940s and 1950s. The article follows the discursive output of artists, intellectuals, and cultural policymakers of different racial backgrounds over the deployment oflo negroto constructcubanidad. It argues that, if the 1920s and 1930s experienced a movement towards the construction of a homogeneous mestizo Cuba, the following decades reveal an effort by some artists to desyncretizelo cubano. While some intellectuals constructed notions of authenticity that circumscribed black art to black artists, many white Cuban artists in turn embraced elite Hispanic heritage as their main creative language while valorizing some Afro-Cuban artists’ recreations oflo negro. The article also demonstrates that the scholarly debates about cultural appropriation in recent decades have a long history within the Afro-Cuban community. It shows how Afro-Cuban artists and intellectuals pioneered arguments about the exploitative use oflo negroto make national art and the central role of culture in shaping racial inequality.
Transitional Justice: Comparative and Historical Perspectives from Latin America
Authors: Encarnación Omar G. 
Published: May 2022

This essay reviews the following works:
Memory’s Turn: Reckoning with Dictatorship in Brazil. By Rebecca J. Atencio. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014. Pp. xviii + 144. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780299297244.Human Rights Policies in Chile: The Unfinished Struggle for Truth and Justice. By Silvia Borzutzky. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Pp. 242. $119.99 paperback. ISBN: 9783319536965.Intermittences: Memory, Justice, and the Poetics of the Visible in Uruguay. By Ana Forcinito. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. Pp. xii + 257. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822965664.Democratization and Memories of Violence: Ethnic Minority Rights Movements in Mexico, Turkey, and El Salvador. By Mneesha Gellman. London: Routledge, 2016. Pp. xv + 242. $52.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781138597686.Reagan’s Gun-Toting Nuns: The Catholic Conflict over Cold War Human Rights Policy in Central America. By Theresa Keeley. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 352. $49.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781501750755.Sovereign Emergencies: Latin America and the Making of Global Human Rights Politics. By Patrick William Kelly. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xx + 318. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316615119.The Brazilian Truth Commission: Local, National and Global Perspectives. Edited by Nina Schneider. New York: Berghahn, 2019. Pp. 382. $135.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781789200034.Phenomenal Justice: Violence and Morality in Argentina. By Eva van Roekel. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2020. Pp. 208. $32.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781978800267.Los pelotones de la muerte: La construcción de los perpetradores del genocidio guatemalteco. By Manolo E. Vela Castañeda. México, DF: Colegio de México, 2015. Pp. 454. $32.03 paperback. ISBN: 9786074623680.Acts of Repair: Justice, Truth, and the Politics of Memory in Argentina. By Natasha Zaretsky. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2020. Pp. 252. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781978807426.
Performance Art, Race, and Contemporaneity in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Garrido Castellano Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay discusses issues of time and temporality in relation to performance art from the Dominican Republic. It contends that Dominican performance artists are advancing critical understandings of what is to be contemporary. The essay considers the work of David Pérez “Karmadavis,” Sayuri Guzmán, and José Ramia as expressing the role of artists in defining and delving into what it means to make art in and of the present, while simultaneously challenging the presentist understanding of time linked to neoliberalism. From this perspective, the article examines the potential of performance art for criticizing and expanding our understanding of time and temporality.