bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers and barriers to sustained use of Blair ventilated improved pit latrine after nearly four decades in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Kanda Artwell , Ncube Esper Jacobeth , Voyi Kuku 
Published: April 2022

Background
Some latrines remain unused even under conditions of high coverage in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Not much is known on household latrine use in the long term in the absence of an intervention. The current work assesses drivers and barriers to sustained use of a ventilated improved pit latrine (Blair VIP) design where it originated and how rural households adapt it to climate change.

Methods
A mixed methods study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 among rural households of Mbire district, Zimbabwe. A cross sectional survey of 238 households with Blair ventilated improved pit (BVIP) latrines was conducted using a questionnaire and a latrine observation checklist. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Qualitative data were collected using six focus groups among house heads and analysed by thematic analysis.

Result
The latrine has perceived health, non-health and hygiene benefits for its sustained use. However, there are design, environmental and social barriers. The quantitative study indicated that determinants of latrine use were contextual (individual and household levels) and technology (individual level) factors. Focus groups indicated that latrine use was influenced by social, technology and contextual factors at multiple level factors. Interplay of factors influenced the intention to adapt the BVIP latrine to climate change. Local climate change adaptation strategies for the latrine were odour and erosion control, construction of the conventional latrine design and raised structures.

Conclusion
The conventional BVIP latrine design is durable and relatively resilient to climate change with high local household use. High construction cost of the latrine causes households to build incomplete and poor quality designs which affect odour and fly control. These are barriers to sustained latrine use. The government should implement the new sanitation policy which considers alternative sanitation options and offer community support for adapting sanitation to climate change.
Correlation of the disease-specific Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification and health-related quality of life (15D) in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Kotajärvi Jarno , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Hartikainen Juha , Miettinen Heikki , Viljakainen Marketta , Martikainen Janne , Roine Risto P. , Lavikainen Piia 
Published: April 2022

Background
Generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disease-specific instruments measure HRQoL from different aspects, although generic instruments often contain dimensions that reflect common symptoms. We evaluated how the change in 15D HRQoL and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading of angina severity correlate among coronary artery disease patients during 12-month follow-up.

Methods
Altogether 1 271 patients scheduled for coronary angiography between June 2015 and February 2017 returned the 15D HRQoL and CCS questionnaires before angiography and after one-year follow-up as a part of routine clinical practice. Spearman correlations between one-year changes in the CCS and the 15D and its dimensions were evaluated. Changes in 15D were classified into 5 categories based on the reported minimal important difference (MID) for the instrument.

Results
Change in the CCS grade correlated moderately with the MID-based change in the 15D (r = 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.39). Correlations between these instruments were similar in different age groups, between sexes and treatment modalities. Of the individual 15D dimensions, changes in breathing (r = 0.40) and vitality (r = 0.30) had the strongest correlations with CCS change.

Conclusion
The symptom-based evaluation of the change in the CCS grade may not catch the full benefit or harm of the treatment and vice versa, a generic instrument, such as 15D, likely does not fully capture change in disease-specific symptoms. Thus, generic and disease-specific instruments are complementary and should be used in conjunction.
Image-guided procedures in the hybrid operating room: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Spenkelink Ilse M. , Heidkamp Jan , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Rovers Maroeska M. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The shift from open to minimally invasive procedures with growing complexity has increased the demand for advanced intraoperative medical technologies. The hybrid operating room (OR) combines the functionality of a standard OR with fixed advanced imaging systems to facilitate minimally invasive image-guided procedures.

Objective
This systematic scoping review provides an overview of the use of the hybrid OR over the years, and reports on the encountered advantages and challenges.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases for studies that described procedures being performed with the aid of 3D imaging in the hybrid OR.

Results
The search identified 123 studies that described 44 distinct procedures, divided over nine clinical disciplines. The number of studies increased from two in 2010 to 15 in the first five months of 2020. Ninety-nine (80%) of the studies described how 3D imaging was performed in the hybrid OR; 95 (96%) used cone-beam CT; four (4%) used multi-detector CT. Advantages and challenges of the hybrid OR were described in 94 (76%) and 34 (35%) studies, respectively. The most frequently reported advantage of using a hybrid OR is the achievement of more accurate treatment results, whereas elongation of the procedure time is the most important challenge, followed by an increase in radiation dose.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the growing number of clinical disciplines that uses the hybrid OR shows its wide functionality. To optimize its use, future comparative studies should be conducted to investigate which procedures really benefit from being performed in the hybrid OR.
Limited access to improved drinking water, unimproved drinking water, and toilet facilities among households in Ethiopia: Spatial and mixed effect analysis
Authors: Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Andualem Zewdu 
Published: April 2022

Background
Most people in sub-Saharan countries had limited drinking water services and toilet facilities. The collection of water can affect the health of the whole family, particularly children. Therefore this study aims to investigate determinants of limited access to drinking water services and spatial distributions of limited access to drinking water services, unimproved drinking water sources, and toilet facilities among households in Ethiopia.

Method
Cross-sectional collected secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A mixed-effect logistic regression model was used for analysis. The total weighted sample of 10, 183 households was included in the analysis. The study population is comprised of all households who had recorded the time taken to fetch improved drinking water during the survey. The primary outcome of this study is the proportion of households that have limited access to drinking water services. Whereas the secondary outcomes are determinants of limited access to drinking water services and spatial distributions of limited drinking water services, unimproved drinking water sources, and toilet facilities among households in Ethiopia.

Results
In this study, 39.74% [95% CI: 38.79, 40.69] of households in Ethiopia had limited access to drinking water services. This proportion ranges from 2.64% in Addis Ababa to 57.35% in the Somali region. Household head, education, residence, and regions were associated with limited access to drinking water services. The spatial analysis showed that the eastern part of Amhara, Afar and the Somali region predicted the highest limited drinking water services. The unimproved drinking water source was detected in the Central part of Amhara, Somalia regions. Almost all regions except Addis Ababa and Diredewa predicted the highest prevalence of unimproved toilet facilities.

Conclusion
Access to improved drinking water is relatively poor throughout Ethiopia, with some regions experiencing more limited access than others. From individual level variables age, educational level, and sex household head, whereas from community level variables residences, and region were factors significantly associated with access to limited drinking water services. The spatial analysis confirmed that there are inequalities in unimproved drinking water sources, and toilet facilities between regions in Ethiopia. The government of Ethiopia should work to increase the accessibility of improved drinking water at the national level and to narrow the gap in its accessibility between urban and rural residences and between regions. Accessibility to drinking water programs should focus on the disadvantaged group such as non-educated, male head households and living rural residences. All stalk holders should work to improve the quality of drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Humor a liminalita ve vztahu k profesi učitele
Authors: Širl Radim 
Published: April 2022

Tato teoretická studie je příspěvkem k velkému a v české literatuře pravděpodobně stále nedostatečně zastoupenému tématu humoru a jeho role ve škole, výchově a vzdělávání. Jejím cílem je popis možných principů, na základě kterých lze uvažovat o fungování humoru a jimiž lze následně zdůvodnit, proč je pro každého pedagoga nutné o povaze humoru a jeho roli ve škole uvažovat.
V článku je nejdříve stručně pojednána otázka definování humoru a představena relevantní typologie teorií humoru. Dále je přiblíženo současné bádání o humoru ve školním prostředí, v českém prostoru reprezentované především monografií Humor ve škole Kláry Šeďové. Vybrané závěry z práce Kláry Šeďové jsou poté propojeny s teorií rituálu Victora Turnera a jeho vymezením liminality a communitas, které již vztáhl k tématu humoru Radek Chlup ve svém článku Vtip a náboženství: Posvátno jako mysterium ludicrum et ridiculum!
Syntézou těchto přístupů je pak představen možný směr uvažování o humoru a jeho funkcích, který je následně aplikován na školní prostředí a specifické role, které pedagog v tomto prostředí zastává.
"Gizi COVID-19 Bagi Remaja" Application as A COVID-19 Prevention
Authors: Rahayu Sri Ratna , Sulistiani Duwi , Yuniastuti Ari , Merzistya Aufiena Nur Ayu 
Published: April 2022

Adolescents are a vulnerable group in fulfilling nutrition for body defence as an effort to prevent COVID-19. Nutrition education is needed for adolescents to increase their knowledge of nutrition consumption. One of the models to improve nutrition knowledge used the Android-based smartphone nutrition application model. This research aimed to design and develop a nutrition android application model to increase adolescents' nutritional knowledge in the prevention of COVID-19. The method used Research Development with four stages: the analysis stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the testing stage. This research produced the "Gizi COVID-19 Bagi Remaja" as a nutrition application android-based with 3 main menus, namely BMI and calories checking, nutrition info, and COVID-19 info.Â The N-Grain test results show that this application effectively increases nutritional knowledge in 10 high school-adolescents (N-Grain=88.21%). The Android-based â€œGizi COVID-19 Remajaâ€ application is expected to be a comprehensive media for adolescents nutrition education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.
Hospital Inpatient Stays for Autistic Youth and Youth With Other Disabilities
Authors: Rast Jessica E. , Roux Anne M. , Fernandes Sherira J. , D’Silva Vera , Shea Lindsay L. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Addressing health care needs is complex in autistic youth for many reasons. Increased inpatient care that has been noted in this population, particularly for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), may be a marker of inadequate primary and outpatient care.

METHODS
This study used data from hospital inpatient discharges from the National Inpatient Sample 2017. The prevalence, average length of stay, and the average cost per day of the 10 most common principal diagnoses for index stay were calculated for autistic youth and youth with mental, behavioral, and other neurodevelopmental disabilities (MBND), ages 0 to 17.

RESULTS
Of every 1000 inpatient stays, 7.3 were for autistic youth and 65.2 for youth with MBND. The rate varied by US region and zip code-level household income. The most common diagnosis associated with stays in autistic youth was mood disorders, as in youth with MBND. Nearly all top 10 principal diagnoses for autistic youth were for ACSCs. The highest average cost per day for autistic youth was for physical injuries ($4320 per day), and the longest stays were for schizophrenia (14 days).

CONCLUSIONS
High occurrence of ACSCs in autistic youth suggests that primary care may not adequately address health and mental health needs. Clinical complexity and autism characteristics may be impacting care received in the hospital. Additional considerations need to explore and examine care complexity, racial and ethnic disparities, and the large portion of Medicaid-covered youth. Strategies for the provision of care to these vulnerable populations are of great concern.
The influence of the Ius-naturale conception of ABGB on the regulation of personality protection and compensation for non-proprietary damage in the Czech Civil Code
Authors: Matějková Jitka , Pavelek Ondřej , Vítek Bohumil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 2014, a fundamental reform of private law took place in the Czech Republic. It was a revolution in private law. The reform of Czech private law was also to some extent contributed to by the pressure of the neighbouring more advanced legal systems in which the Czech legislator sought inspiration, especially the ABGB and its basic principles. Czech private law has been influenced since at least 1811 by the ABGB; this regulation affected Czech private law even in the first half of the twentieth century. This paper aims to answer the question how the ius-naturale conception of ABGB affected the Czech Civil Code of 2012 (the reform of private law in 2012) in the field of compensation for non-pecuniary damage, and to what extent and in which institutes this influence manifested itself. The area of compensation for non-pecuniary damage was deliberately chosen – this area is related to the protection of human personality. Personality rights then reflect the theory of natural law, which was suppressed in Czech private law during the second half of the twentieth century.
A NAT evolúciója 2010–2021 között
Authors: Chrappán Magdolna 
Published: April 2022

Összefoglaló. 2010 és 2021 között jelentős szerkezeti és tartalmi
változások zajlottak a köznevelés területén. Ezek egyike a Nemzeti alaptantervek
és a kerettantervek változása volt. 2020‑ban jelent meg az új NAT, ami nemcsak a
korábbi NAT módosítása volt, hanem komoly elvi változásokat is bevezetett.
Mindezt úgy, hogy 2018-ban zajlott egy kísérlet egy korszerű tanulás- és
tanulóközpontú NAT kialakítására, ami végül nem lépett hatályba, de bizonyos
részei bekerültek a jelenlegi NAT-ba. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk a három NAT
szabályozási jellemzőit, s arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, mekkora
mozgásterük van a felhasználóknak, mennyire tekinthető ideologikus alapúnak,
továbbá mit őrzött meg és mit vetett el a NAT 2020 a korábbiakból.
Summary. Between 2010 and 2021 significant structural and content
changes took place in public education. One of these was the change in the
national core curricula and framework curricula. In 2020, the new NAT was
published, which was not only the modification of the previous NAT, but serious
conceptual changes were introduced as well. Along with this, there was also an
attempt in 2018 to develop a modern learning and pupil-centered NAT, which
eventually did not come into force, but some parts appeared in the current NAT.
In our study, we introduce the three NAT regulatory features and seek the answer
to themquestion, how much leeway is provided for users, to what extent it can be
regarded as an ideological-based curriculum, and what has been kept in NAT 2020
and what it has taken from the previous ones.
A roma/cigány társadalom átalakulása
Authors: Forray R. Katalin 
Published: April 2022

Összefoglaló. Az elmúlt kormányzati ciklusban (2018–2022) a
roma/cigány társadalom átalakulása felgyorsult. A középosztályosodásnak
Magyarországon is különböző útjai vannak, amelyeket a roma/cigány társadalom
különböző etnikai csoportjai eltérően használnak. A tanulmány az iskolázottság
és az azt támogató programok szerepét vizsgálja. A támogató programokat
rendszerint a kormányzat kezdeményezte, de „kiszerződte” civil (egyházi)
szervezeteknek. A támogató programok csak akkor voltak sikeresek, ha a civil
társadalom együtt tudott és akart működni a kormányzattal. A roma/cigány
felemelkedésnek is ez a kulcsa.
Summary. The transformation of Romani society in Hungary accelerated
in the last term of government (2018–2020). The Romani middle class emerged in
various ways according to the different ethnic origins and cultures. The author
examines the role of schooling in developing the Romani middle class and the
programmes that support it. The government usually initiated supporting
programmes but ‘outsourced’ to non-governmental organisations like foundations,
associations, and churches. Supporting programmes proved to be successful only
if civil society was able and willing to cooperate with the government. It is
the key to the emergence of the Romani middle class in Hungary.
PERLINDUNGAN WARGA SIPIL ETNIS ROHINGYA DARI DISKRIMINASI PEMERINTAHAN MYANMAR
Authors: Umam Fahrul , Kandar Is 
Published: April 2022

Hak asasi manusia merupakan anugerah yang diberikan oleh Maha Kuasa, karena itu setiap orang harus menghargai dan menghormatinya. Namun, sering kali terjadi pelanggaran dan perampasan terhadap hak yang sudah diberikan tuhan tersebut. Sebagaimana yang terjadi terhadap etnis Rohingya di Myanmar. Konflik yang terjadi di Myanmar terjadi cukup lama dan menjadi isu pelanggaran HAM internasional karena warga sipil etnis Rohingya di diskriminasi dan disiksa serta dibunuh, oleh karena itu negara-negara di dunia harus memberikan perlindungan dan menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran ASEAN dan OKI dalam menanggapi krisis kemanusiaan yang tejadi terhadap etnis Rohingnya serta menganalisis pengaruh hubungan diplomasi Indonesia dan Myanmar dalam menyelesaikan isu pelanggaran HAM di Myanmar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif-empiris dengan studi kepustakaan. Organisasi yang terlibat dalam menyelesaikan konflik etnis Rohingya dan pemerintahan Myanmar yaitu ASEAN dan OKI. Kedua organisasi ini memberikan bantuan kemanusiaaan berupa memberikan kebutuhan pokok seperti makanan dan obat-obatan. Adapun bentuk penyelesaian yang dilakukan yaitu membawa isu ini kedalam ranah internasional dengan melakukan hubungan diplomatik dan juga mendesak agar pemerintahan Myanmar dapat mengembalikan semua hak-hak korban berupa rumah sebagai tempat tinggal asalnya dan mendesak Myanmar untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada setiap warga negara nya tanpa adanya diskriminasi. Sedangkan pengaruh diplomasi Indonesia terhadap krisis kemanusiaan warga sipil Rohingya yaitu diplomasi pemerintah Indonesia dapat mengirimkan bantuan kemanusiaan kepada korban yang mana sebelumnya pemerintahan menutup akses kemanusiaan terhadap korban konflik tersebut, disamping itu Negara Indonesia juga menawarkan solusi atas krisis yang dialami oleh negara Myanmar tersebut sehingga kejadian konflik yang terjadi saat ini tidak sampai berlarut-larut. Dari adanya diplomasi tersebut negara-negara dunia dan organisasi internasional dan regional untuk ikut serta daam memberikan bantuan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Etnis Rohingya, Hak Asasi Manusia, Myanmar
AKIBAT HUKUM BAGI PARA PIHAK DENGAN ADANYA FIDUSIA YANG TIDAK DIDAFTARKAN DALAM PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
Authors: Hermawan H Moh. Anugrah Cahya 
Published: April 2022

Fidusia merupakan terobosan bagi dunia usaha dan untuk memberikan jaminan kepada investor, oleh karena itu obyek fidusia juga didaftarkan. Hal-hal terkait dengan perjanjian lembaga pembiayaan dengan jaminan fidusia ini adalah: 1) piutang, yaitu hak untuk menerima pembayaran; 2) benda, yaitu segala sesuatu yang dapat dimiliki dan dialihkan, baik yang berwujud maupun yang tidak berwujud, yang terdaftar maupun yang tidak terdaftar, yang bergerak maupun yang tak bergerak yang tidak dapat dibebani hak tanggungan atau hipotek.
The Wisdom of the Buddha. Jean Boisselier. and The Vision of the Buddha. Tom Lowenstein.
Authors: Webb Russell 
Published: April 2022

The Wisdom of the Buddha. Jean Boisselier. Thames and Hudson, London 1994. 192 pp. £6.95. ISBN 0-500-30047-X.

The Vision of the Buddha. Tom Lowenstein. Macmillan, London 1996. 184 pp. £9.99. ISBN 0-333-65380-7.
Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series (Pali Text Society, London): Minor Anthologies III - Chronicle of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket on Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Tr. I. B. Horner. and Minor Anthologies IV - Stories of the Mansions (Vimanavatthu) and Stories of the Departed (Petavatthu). Tr. I. B. Horner and H. S. Gehman.
Authors: Brown Ronald 
Published: April 2022

Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series (Pali Text Society, London): Minor Anthologies III - Chronicle of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket on Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Tr. I. B. Horner. PP. lvi + 108; xvi + 52. £6.75.

Minor Anthologies IV - Stories of the Mansions (Vimanavatthu) and Stories of the Departed (Petavatthu). Tr. I. B. Horner and H. S. Gehman. PP. xxv + 159; xiv + 110. £4.50
Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden. Begonnen von Ernst Waldschmidt.
Authors: Pāsādika Bhikkhu 
Published: April 2022

Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden. Begonnen von Ernst Waldschmidt. Im Auftrage der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen herausgegeben von Heinz Bechert. 6. Lieferung: upasarga / ausadhi, Nachträge zu a-, an- / adhara bearbeitet von Michael Schmidt und Siglinde Dietz. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1990. I-IV, 401-480 pp.