bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Boron Powders on the Detonation Performance of Emulsion Explosives
Authors: Cheng Yang‐Fan , Yao Yu‐Le , Li Dan‐Yi , Li Zi‐Han , Yao Ying‐Kang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo study the effects of boron powders on the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, the explosion temperature field, shock wave parameters and explosion heat of emulsion explosives were studied. The differences of boron powders with and without microcapsule cladding on improving the explosion performance were also discussed. Experimental results showed that, when the mass ratio of boron powders increased from 0 to 20 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of boron‐containing emulsion explosives increased at first and then decreased. When the content of boron powders was 16 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosives reached their maximum values of 2521 K, 0.0385 MPa, 7.11 Pa ⋅ s and 6335 kJ/kg, which were 22.2 %, 30.1 %, 43.0 % and 42.1 % higher than those of the pure emulsion explosive (Sample A), respectively. Furthermore, the explosion temperature, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosive with boron powder‐microcapsule (Sample B5) were up to 2648 K, 7.65 Pa ⋅ s and 6694 kJ/kg, increased by 5.0 %, 7.6 % and 5.7 % when compared with those of emulsion explosive with 16 mass % boron powders (Sample B3). Therefore, micro‐encapsulation technology could improve the detonation performance of boron‐containing emulsion explosives, which would be helpful to the formula design of high energy emulsion explosives.
Twisted C‐Brackets
Authors: Davidović Ljubica , Ivanišević Ilija , Sazdović Branislav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider the double field formulation of the closed bosonic string theory, and calculate the Poisson bracket algebra of the symmetry generators governing both general coordinate and local gauge transformations. Parameters of both of these symmetries depend on a double coordinate, defined as a direct sum of the initial and T‐dual coordinate. When no antisymmetric field is present, the C‐bracket appears as the Lie bracket generalization in a double theory. With the introduction of the Kalb‐Ramond field, the B‐twisted C‐bracket appears, while with the introduction of the non‐commutativity parameter, the θ‐twisted C‐bracket appears. We present the derivation of these brackets and comment on their relations to analogous twisted Courant brackets and T‐duality.
Influence of the presence of clay and water on the efficiency of soil vapor extraction in sand laboratory columns
Authors: Esslimani Khaoula , Kacem Mariem , Boudouch Otmane , Elkacmi Reda , Benadda Belkacem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil vapor extraction (SVE) has been one of the most widely used technologies for remediating sites contaminated with volatile organic compounds. This technique consists of creating a depression in the soil and inducing a controlled flow of air which will entrain the volatile contaminants in the extracted gas phase. To learn the influencing factors that affect the effectiveness of removal of contaminants by the SVE method, an experimental study was performed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the SVE by tracking outgoing gases as well as the hydrodynamics of the flows. Two soil models were used: 100% sand (Soil 1) and sand mixed with 5% of Kaolin (Soil 2). Hydrodynamic tests were carried out using three mass water contents in each soil. It was shown that the quantity of mobile water is largely affected by soil composition. Experiments on soils contaminated by two tested contaminants (decane and toluene) were carried out with samples in dry and wet conditions. Results show that the SVE presented yields of 80.00% and 87.07% of the n‐decane and toluene, respectively, injected into Soil 1 against 79.88% and 86.11% of n‐decane and toluene, respectively, injected into Soil 2. The decrease of water soil saturation due to the extraction and the influence of the presence of water on the performance of the SVE were highlighted. Lower removal rates were observed for the contaminant with the lower vapor pressure (n‐decane).
Internal synchronization using adaptive sliding mode
Authors: Shahzad Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynchronization of chaotic systems by means of the combination of drive‐response/master–slave systems have been widely utilized. In the current study, the author introduces the concept of internal synchronization (IS) that is based on the synchronization within the system among the subsystems. Furthermore, the two types of Internal Multi‐Switching Synchronization (IMSS): the first one based on single error while the other one is based on two errors, have been discussed. In order to demonstrate, the author chooses the Lorenz Chaotic System (LCS) and Lorenz Hyper Chaotic System (LHCS) together with the adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) technique in multi‐switching manner. In addition, the efficiency of the IMSS is illustrated using Mathematica. The computational part is the witness of the achievement of stability of the IS.
Moving waters to mitigate hydropeaking: A case study from the Italian Alps
Authors: Bruno Maria Cristina , Vallefuoco Francesca , Casari Anna , Larsen Stefano , Dallafior Valentina , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe assessed the effect of a hydropeaking diversion mitigation measure that allows for additional hydropower production, which markedly reduced hydropeaking on a 10‐km stream reach in the north‐eastern Italian Alps. Hydropeaking, caused by a storage hydropower plant, affected the study reach from the 1920s to 2015, when a cascade of three small run‐of‐the‐river plants was installed to divert the hydropeaks from the plant outlet directly into the intake of the RoRs plants, and hydropeaking was released downstream the confluence with a major free‐flowing tributary. The flow regime in the mitigated reach shifted from a hydropeaking‐dominated to a baseflow‐dominated regime in winter, with flow variability represented only by snowmelt and rainfall in late spring and summer. The application of two recently proposed sets of hydropeaking indicators, the hydraulic analysis of the hydropeaking wave, together with the assessment of biotic changes, allowed quantifying the changes in ecohydraulic processes associated with hydropeaking mitigation. The flow regime in the mitigated reach changed to a residual flow type, with much less frequent residual hydropeaks; although an average two‐fold increase in downramping rates were recorded downstream the junction with the tributary, these changes did not represent an ecological concern. The functional composition of the macrobenthic communities shifted slightly in response to flow mitigation, but the taxonomic composition did not recover to conditions typical of more natural flow regimes. This was likely due to the reduced dilution of pollutants and resulting slight worsening in water quality. Conversely, the hyporheic communities showed an increase in diversity and abundance of interstitial taxa, especially in the sites most affected by hydropeaking. This effect was likely due to changes in the interstitial space availability, brought by a reduction of fine sediments clogging. Besides illustrating a feasible hydropeaking mitigation option for Alpine streams, our work suggests the importance of monitoring both benthic and hyporheic communities, together with the flow and sediment supply regimes, and physico‐chemical water quality parameters.
Comment on “CO2 Footprint of Thermal Versus Photothermal CO2 Catalysis”
Authors: Sun Fan , Xing Xueli , Hong Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe previously published report by Wang et al. provides universal equations for evaluating the net CO2 emission via photothermal/thermal CO2 hydrogenation reactions in batch and flow reactors, respectively. However, it remains to be discussed whether the original feed amount or feed rate of H2 should be changed accordingly when the CO2 reduction rate is selected as the variable to investigate the net CO2 emission rate of the system. If not, the reaction would not be in accordance with the stoichiometric ratio, which is inconsistent with reality, bringing about the optimistic scenario in the assessment of CO2 footprint. This work has taken the potential relationship between the original feed amount or feed rate of H2 and CO2 conversion rate into account. The effects of CO2 conversion rate on the net CO2 emission rate in the photothermal catalytic system are re‐examined, the obtained trends exhibit more challenging preconditions to achieve net‐zero carbon emission than those in the work by Wang et al. The quantitative results indicate that green hydrogen source is indeed vital for carbon neutrality in photothermal CO2 catalysis. Here, the viewpoints will be worth considering and be seen as complementary to the proposed carbon emission assessment equations.
Perovskites with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies as a Family of Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zhang Yizhe , Wang Yang , Wu Zhenzhong , Lai Feili , Chao Guojie , Zhang Nan , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) provides an efficient, sustainable approach to convert the nitrate pollutants into value‐added products, which is regarded as a promising alternative to the industrial Haber–Bosch process. Recent studies have shown that oxygen vacancies of oxide catalysts can adjust the adsorption energies of intermediates and affect their catalytic performance. Compared with other metal oxides, perovskite oxides can allow their metal cations to exist in abnormal or mixed valence states, thereby resulting in enriched oxygen vacancies in their crystal structures. Here, the catalytic activities of perovskite oxides toward NRA catalysis with respect to the amount of oxygen vacancies are explored, where four perovskite oxides with different crystal structures (including cubic LaCrO3, orthorhombic LaMnO3 and LaFeO3, hexagonal LaCoO3) are chosen and investigated. By combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements, it is found that the amount of oxygen vacancies in these perovskite oxides surprisingly follow the same order as their activities toward NRA catalysis (LaCrO3 < LaMnO3 < LaFeO3 < LaCoO3). Further theoretical studies reveal that the existence of oxygen vacancies in LaCoO3 perovskite can decrease the energy barriers for reduction of *HNO3 to *NO2, leading to its superior NRA performance.
Abnormal Graphitization Behavior in Near‐Surface/Interface Region of Polymer‐Derived Ceramics
Authors: Wu Chao , Lin Fan , Pan Xiaochuan , Chen Guochun , Zeng Yingjun , Xu Lida , He Yingping , Chen Qinnan , Sun Daoheng , Hai Zhenyin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe in situ free carbon generated in polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) plays a crucial role in their unique microstructure and resultant properties. This study advances a new phenomenon of graphitization of PDCs. Specifically, whether in micro‐/nanoscale films or millimeter‐scale bulks, the surface/interface radically changes the fate of carbon and the evolution of PDC nanodomains, promotes the graphitization of carbon, and evolves a free carbon enriched layer in the near‐surface/interface region. Affected by the enrichment behavior of free carbon in the near‐surface/interface region, PDCs exhibit highly abnormal properties such as the skin behavior and edge effect of the current. The current intensity in the near‐surface/interface region of PDCs is orders of magnitude higher than that in its interior. Ultrahigh conductivity of up to 14.47 S cm−1 is obtained under the action of the interface and surface, which is 5–8 orders of magnitude higher than that of the bulk prepared under the same conditions. Such surface/interface interactions are of interest for the regulation of free carbon and its resultant properties, which are the core of PDC applications. Finally, the first PDC thin‐film strain gauge that can survive a butane flame with a high temperature of up to ≈1300 °C is fabricated.
Probing Distinctive Redox Mechanism in Ni‐Rich Cathode Via Real‐Time Quick X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Lu , Wang Liguang , Liu Tongchao , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractX‐ray radiation damage on the measuring system has been a critical issue regularly for a long‐time exposure to X‐ray beam during the in operando characterizations, which is particularly severe when the applied X‐ray energy is near the absorption edges (M, L, K, etc.) of the interest element. To minimize the negative effects raised by beam radiation, we employ quick X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (QXAS) to study the electrochemical reaction mechanism of a Ni‐rich layered structure cathode for lithium‐ion batteries. With the advanced QXAS technique, the electronic structure and local coordination environment of the transition metals (TMs) are monitored in‐operando with limited radiation damage. Compared to the conventional step‐mode X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, the QXAS can provide more reliable oxidation state change and more detailed local structure evolutions surrounding TMs (Ni and Co) in Ni‐rich layered oxides. By leveraging these advantages of QXAS, we demonstrated that the Ni dominates the electrochemical process with the Co being almost electrochemically inactive. Reversible Ni ions movement between TMs sites and Li sites is also revealed by the time‐resolved QXAS technique.
Hsa_circ_0001944 regulates apoptosis by regulating the binding of PARP1 and HuR in leukemia and malignant transformed cells induced by hydroquinone
Authors: Zhong Bohuan , Ling Xiaoxuan , Meng Jinxue , Han Yali , Zhang Haiqiao , Liu Zhidong , Chen Jialong , Zhang He , Pan Zhijie , Liu Linhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydroquinone (HQ) is one of the major metabolites of benzene and can cause abnormal gene expression. It is a known carcinogen that alters cell cycle disruption and cell proliferation. However, its chemical mechanism remain a mystery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subtype of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of roles in biological processes. Hsa_circ_001944 expression was upregulated in 30 leukemia patients and HQ‐induced malignant transformed TK6 cells. Hsa_circ_001944 silencing inhibited the growth of HQ‐TK6 cells and halted the cell cycle. The silencing of hsa_circ_0001944 led to increased cell accumulation in G1 versus S phase, increased apoptosis in the sh1944 versus the shNC group, and increased levels of DNA damage (γ‐H2AX), leading to cell cycle arrest. In summary, inhibition of hsa_circ_001944 restricted cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle arrest and induced growth of HQ‐TK6 cells by modulating PARP1 expression. Hsa_circ_0001944 targeted HuR, which is a kind of RNA‐binding protein, to control PARP1 expression via RNAinter, RBPmap, and RBPdb. Fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescent labeling and western blotting experiments showed that hsa_circ_001944 was able to dissociate HuR and PARP1 binding in HQ‐TK6 cells, control PARP1 production, and ultimately alter the PARP1/H‐Ras pathway.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in East Africa: The case of Rwanda
Authors: Kabera Telesphore , Mutavu Grace 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEIA is an important regulatory tool which can play a key role in achieving of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and it is defined as a tool used to predict the likely impact of a project or development on the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Rwanda. Data were collected using a descriptive survey design. A structured questionnaire was developed, pretested and administered to a sample of 110 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Of the 110 questionnaires administered 82 were retrieved and analyzed into frequencies and simple percentages using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel 2016 version. The study showed that 1188 EIA clearances were issued between 2011 and 2019 while 3085 EIA certificates were issued between 2006 and 2019. The survey revealed that EIA experts in Rwanda largely gain experience from the construction, water and sanitation, and agriculture sectors. Though the legislation covering EIA in Rwanda is very strong, the study showed that the only way to improve the effectiveness of EIA is to strengthen the quality of documentation and to offer electronic services as well as incorporating EIA results into decision‐making mechanisms. The study also identified insufficient monitoring of environmental management plans (45% of respondents), poor follow‐ups (30%), inexperienced practitioners in EIA implementation and auditing (30%), lack of professionalism by EIA practitioners (30%), and poor public participation (25%). This could potentially hinder EIA effectiveness. The study therefore recommends that quality documentation and electronic services as well as follow‐up to review projects be enforced to improve EIA effectiveness.
Should tobacco products’ waste be considered as hazardous in India?
Authors: Singh Surya , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Diwan Vishal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTobacco and its associated products are known to be harmful for health. Moreover, the waste emanating out of the production, processing, packaging, and consumption of these products is equally harmful for humans as well as other biotic/abiotic agencies. Taking into account the toxic nature of these waste products, it is necessary to have a well‐defined approach to deal with this waste. Consideration of tobacco products’ waste as municipal solid waste has serious implications in the long‐term as it results in dumping of these wastes mixed‐up with domestic waste in landfills. With time, toxic components become part of the leachate which contaminates water and soil, further leading to the contamination in food chain. Therefore, many countries are now considering this waste under the hazardous category and evolving various measures to safely dispose it off. In the light of recent researches and policies, it is time to re‐consider this important public health issue.
3D graphene‐based materials and their potential application on wastewater management
Authors: Sahoo Prasanta Kumar , Nayak Gyanaprabha , Gupta Jagriti , Sahoo Naresh Kumar , Sahu Srikanta , Soam Ankur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing demand for pure, safe, and affordable water is one of the biggest challenges worldwide. Various pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals are present in water and their removal is the major challenge for us. In this respect, various materials have been developed to remove the various types of pollutants from wastewater. Recently, 3D graphene‐based materials (3D GBMs) have received a great deal of attention in wastewater treatment due to their extraordinary properties. The large surface area, porous structure, versatile surface chemistry with exceptional physiochemical properties such as mechanical and electrical properties, and excellent thermal and chemical stability make them excellent absorbent candidates for wastewater treatment. The materials properties of 3D graphene‐based materials (3D GBMs) and their environmental performance as well as the key parameters that influence their capacities for removal of pollutants from the wastewater have also been discussed. The aim of this review is to provide the recent progress in removing several water pollutants like dye, oil, organic solvents, heavy metal ions, bacteria, and pathogens from wastewater. Furthermore, this review also contains the future development opportunities and technical challenges of 3‐D graphene‐based materials in wastewater treatment.
Resource Theory of Heat and Work with Non-commuting Charges
Authors: Khanian Zahra Baghali , Bera Manabendra Nath , Riera Arnau , Lewenstein Maciej , Winter Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider a theory of quantum thermodynamics with multiple conserved quantities (or charges). To this end, we generalize the seminal results of Sparaciari et al. (Phys. Rev. A 96:052112, 2017) to the case of multiple, in general non-commuting charges, for which we formulate a resource theory of thermodynamics of asymptotically many non-interacting systems. To every state we associate the vector of its expected charge values and its entropy, forming the phase diagram of the system. Our fundamental result is the Asymptotic Equivalence Theorem, which allows us to identify the equivalence classes of states under asymptotic approximately charge-conserving unitaries with the points of the phase diagram. Using the phase diagram of a system and its bath, we analyze the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. In particular, we show that to attain the second law, an asymptotically large bath is necessary. In the case that the bath is composed of several identical copies of the same elementary bath, we quantify exactly how large the bath has to be to permit a specified work transformation of a given system, in terms of the number of copies of the “elementary bath” systems per work system (bath rate). If the bath is relatively small, we show that the analysis requires an extended phase diagram exhibiting negative entropies. This corresponds to the purely quantum effect that at the end of the process, system and bath are entangled, thus permitting classically impossible transformations (unless the bath is enlarged). For a large bath, or many copies of the same elementary bath, system and bath may be left uncorrelated and we show that the optimal bath rate, as a function of how tightly the second law is attained, can be expressed in terms of the heat capacity of the bath. Our approach solves a problem from earlier investigations about how to store the different charges under optimal work extraction protocols in physically separate batteries.
Infektionsprävention im OP: praxisorientierte Empfehlungen für AnästhesistInnen
Authors: Schnetzinger Maximilian , Assadian Ojan , Markstaller Klaus , Klein Klaus Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel soll klinisch tätigen AnästhesistInnen einen praxisorientierten Überblick zu ausgewählten, wichtigen Empfehlungen der Hygiene im OP-Bereich vermitteln. Die Inhalte des Artikels basieren auf den Leitlinien oder Empfehlungen der World Health Organisation (WHO), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) sowie der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) am Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). Die Zielsetzung der Autoren ist es, den Hygienestandard in der täglichen Praxis zu optimieren, um die Zahl perioperativer Infektionen zu reduzieren.
Tophöse Gicht als Differenzialdiagnose eines präaurikulären Tumors
Authors: Birk Amelie , Wörtler Klaus , Mogler Carolin , Storck Katharina 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie primäre Gicht ist eine erbliche Störung des Nukleotidstoffwechsels. Neben typischen Manifestationen an Füßen, Händen und den großen Gelenken kann es selten zu atypischen Verläufen im HNO-Bereich kommen. Wir berichten von einem Fall der tophösen Gicht im Temporomandibulargelenk mit Symptomen einer präaurikulären Schwellung und progredienter Hörminderung. Klinisch zeigte sich ein verlegter Gehörgang, bildgebend ein destruierender Prozess, der unter anderem die Schädelbasis involvierte. Die Diagnosesicherung gelang radiologisch und bioptisch.