bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ausrichtung von Gastmolekülen und Defektbildung während der Porenfüllung in Metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungsdünnschichten
Authors: Baumgartner Bettina , Mashita Risa , Fukatsu Arisa , Okada Kenji , Takahashi Masahide 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer Grad der Porenfüllung definiert die Gast@MOF‐Eigenschaften in Anwendungen wie Elektronik, Optik und Gastrennung. Das Zusammenspiel von Schlüsselaspekten der Wirt‐Gast‐Wechselwirkungen, wie eine quantitative Beschreibung der Gastausrichtung oder die strukturelle Integrität des Wirts als Funktion der Porenfüllung, muss jedoch noch bestimmt werden. Polarisationsabhängige Infrarotspektroskopie in abgeschwächter Totalreflexionskonfiguration in Kombination mit Gassorption ermöglichten es, gleichzeitig die Orientierung des Gastmoleküls und strukturelle Änderungen des MOF‐Gerüsts während des Porenfüllprozesses zu untersuchen. Dabei stellten wir fest, dass sich zunächst zufällig orientierte Gastmoleküle mit zunehmender Porenfüllung während der Adsorption aus der Gasphase ausrichten. Gleichzeitig erfährt das Gerüst selbst eine reversible, vom Gastmolekül abhängige Rotation des aromatischen Liganden und einen Prozess der Ligandenablösung, wodurch Defekte induziert werden.
Highly Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation with Water Vapor on Single‐Atom Platinum‐Decorated Defective Carbon Nitride
Authors: Shi Xianjin , Huang Yu , Bo Yanan , Duan Delong , Wang Zhenyu , Cao Junji , Zhu Gangqiang , Ho Wingkei , Wang Liqin , Huang Tingting , Xiong Yujie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 methanation with water is an important route to simultaneously address carbon neutrality and produce fuels. It is challenging to achieve high selectivity in CO2 methanation due to competing reactions. Nonetheless, aspects of the catalyst design can be controlled with meaningful effects on the catalytic outcomes. We report highly selective CO2 methanation with water vapor using a photocatalyst that integrates polymeric carbon nitride (CN) with single Pt atoms. As revealed by experimental characterization and theoretical simulations, the widely explored Pt−CN catalyst is adapted for selective CO2 methanation with our rationally designed synthetic method. The synthesis creates defects in CN along with formation of hydroxyl groups proximal to the coordinated Pt atoms. The photocatalyst exhibits high activity and carbon selectivity (99 %) for CH4 production in photocatalytic CO2 reduction with pure water. This work provides atomic scale insight into the design of photocatalysts for selective CO2 methanation.
Concise and Stereodivergent Approach to Chromanone Lactones through Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Addition of Siloxyfurans to 2‐Ester‐Substituted Chromones
Authors: Cui Jin , Oriez Raphaël , Noda Hidetoshi , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVicinal oxygen‐containing tetra‐ and tri‐substituted stereocenters exist widely in chromanone lactone and tetrahydroxanthone natural products. Their enantioselective construction in a single step remains elusive and poses a formidable challenge for chemical synthesis. Here, we report the first copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric vinylogous additions of siloxyfurans to 2‐ester‐substituted chromones, which enable concise and enantioselective assembly of chromanone lactones. Both syn and anti adducts can be accessed with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity by judicious choice of the chiral ligands. Our approach allowed for the efficient synthesis of (−)‐blennolide B with precise stereochemical control, which provides a formal synthesis of secalonic acid A.
Chiral Covalent Organic Framework Packed Nanochannel Membrane for Enantioseparation
Authors: Zhang Siyun , Zhou Juan , Li Haibing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA nanochannel membrane has the prospect of large‐scale separation. However, selectivity in enantioseparation is a challenge, due to the size difference between nanochannels and enantiomers. Here, we compartmented nanochannels by the in situ synthesis of a L‐tyrosine functionalized covalent organic framework (L‐Tyr‐COF). The L‐Tyr‐COF decreased the pore size of channels to match with naproxen enantiomers (S/R‐NPX) and improved the enantioselective gating. In contrast to the surface‐functionalized nanochannels (L‐Tyr channel), the L‐Tyr‐COF packed nanochannels (L‐Tyr‐COF channel) exhibited high enantioselectivity for S‐NPX and realized the enantioseparation with the enantiomer excess value up to 94.2 %. The separation flux through the highly porous L‐Tyr‐COF channel was 1.33 mmol m−2 h−1. This study provided a size‐matching strategy and the chiral covalent organic framework packed nanochannel membrane to realize enantioseparation with high selectivity and flux.
Hydroxylated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Covalently Modified with Tris(hydroxypropyl) Phosphine as a Functional Interlayer for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Bin , Guo Daying , Lin Peirong , Zhou Ling , Li Jun , Fang Guoyong , Wang Jinyi , Jin Huile , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have successfully constructed a new type of intercalation membrane material by covalently grafting organic tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP) molecules onto hydroxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT‐OH) as a functional interlayer for the advanced LSBs. The as‐assembled interlayer has been demonstrated to be responsible for the fast conversion kinetics of polysulfides, the inhibition of polysulfide shuttle effect, as well as the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) layer. By means of spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis, we further found THPP plays a key role in accelerating the conversion of polysulfides into low‐ordered lithium sulfides and suppressing the loss of polysulfides, thus rendering the as‐designed lithium–sulfur battery in this work a high capacity, excellent rate performance and long‐term stability. Even at low temperatures, the capacity decay rate was only 0.036 % per cycle for 1700 cycles.
Exploring Equilibria between Aluminium(I) and Aluminium(III): The Formation of Dihydroalanes, Masked Dialumenes and Aluminium(I) Species
Authors: Bakewell Clare , Hobson Katie , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe design of new reductive routes to low oxidation state aluminium (Al) compounds offers the opportunity to better understand redox processes at the metal centre and develop reactivity accordingly. Here, a monomeric AlI compound acts as a stoichiometric reducing agent towards a series of AlIII dihydrides, leading to the formation of new low oxidation state species including symmetric and asymmetric dihydrodialanes, and a masked dialumene. These compounds are formed by a series of equilibrium processes involving AlI, AlII and AlIII species and product formation can be manipulated by fine‐tuning the reaction conditions. The transient formation of monomeric AlI compounds is proposed: this is shown to be energetically viable by computational (DFT) investigations and reactivity studies show support for the formation of AlI species. Importantly, despite the potential for the equilibrium mixtures to lead to ill‐defined reactivity, controlled reactivity of these low oxidation state species is observed.
Cricoid Pressure: Contradictory Evidence Regarding a Standard Practice
Authors: Dunn Debra 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe purpose of applying cricoid pressure is to prevent pulmonary aspiration of regurgitated gastric contents during airway management in mask‐ventilated patients who are at risk of aspiration. Providers may apply cricoid pressure during induction and intubation if they expect a difficult intubation or if the patient has a high risk for regurgitation. Although the application of cricoid pressure has been accepted as a standard practice worldwide, controversy persists because pulmonary aspiration can occur even when cricoid pressure is applied. The perioperative nurse should have thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, be able to demarcate the surface landmarks of the neck, and be skilled in applying cricoid pressure properly and safely. This article discusses cricoid pressure in the context of safe airway management as well as the perioperative nurse’s role as an assistant to the anesthesia professional when applying cricoid pressure.
Clinical Issues—May 2022
Authors: Anderson Mary Alice 
Published: April 2022

THIS MONTH
Using the AORN staffing formula
Key words: safe OR staffing, direct care, indirect care, on‐call, full‐time equivalents (FTEs).
RN first assistant application prerequisites
Key words: registered nurse first assistant (RNFA), certification, curriculum, education requirements, CNOR.
Differences between preceptors and mentors
Key words: novice nurse, expert, career development, professional growth, assimilation.
Unique device identifier requirements
Key words: global unique device identification database (GUDID), automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technology, medical device, barcode, integration.
Application of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane with demulsification property in oil–water separation
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Sheng , Yan Jincan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMembrane‐based treatment for demulsification remains a significant challenge due to membrane fouling. In this work, the demulsification and membrane separation technology were combined to design polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with demulsification function. The hyperbranched polyethyleneimine was prepared by the acyl chloride reaction and grafted on the PVDF membrane by dopamine. The effects of different amounts of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine on PVDF membrane were studied. The modified membrane was characterized by SEM, CA, FTIR, and XPS, and then the optimum preparation conditions were selected. The separation test shows that the modified membrane can be used to separate oil‐in‐water emulsions and the separation efficiency was more than 90%, meanwhile it showed good anti‐pollution performance owing to the water‐based protective layer on the membrane surface and the steric effect of the branches. In addition, the demulsification mechanism was analyzed and it was found that the surface tension was the key point for demulsification.
Aryl sulfonic acid catalysts: Effect of pendant group structure on activity in hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Abedsoltan Hossein , Coleman Maria R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of aryl sulfonic acids were tested as catalysts for acid hydrolysis occurring at the surface of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) particles. Specifically, p‐toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA), 2‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (2‐NSA), and 1,5‐naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrahydrate (1,5‐NDSA) were chosen to provide sulfonic acid active groups and varying hydrophobic functionality. The effect of catalyst concentration and reaction temperature on PET hydrolysis rate was studied. The aryl sulfonic acid catalysts exhibited much higher rates of PET hydrolysis than the mineral acid, H2SO4. At 150°C and 4 M catalyst, the time required to achieve more than 90% TPA yield was 3, 3, and 8 h, and 18 h for (PTSA), (2‐NSA), (1,5‐NDSA), and H2SO4, respectively. Ethyl acetate hydrolysis was performed as a model reaction to probe the activity of the catalysts in homogenous reactions to compare with the heterogenous hydrolysis reaction occurring at the PET surface. The higher catalytic activities for PET hydrolysis of the PTSA, 2‐NSA, and 1,5‐NDSA than H2SO4 was attributed to improved wetting by the reaction media and affinity of the aryl sulfonic acid catalysts for the PET surface.
Mechanically enhanced poly(lactic acid)/polyurethane blend with interfacial‐localized clay particles
Authors: Ahn Jung Hyun , Hong Joung Sook , Ahn Kyung Hyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, clays (C30B, C20A, and ) with different interlayer modifier and localization are investigated to improve mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend based on crystallization, morphology, and rheology analyses. The mechanical properties of the PLA/TPU 70/30 blend (elongation at break: 229%, impact strength: 55 J/m) are additionally increased by the clay particles. Depending on modifiers within the particles localized at the interface, 0.1 wt% of the C30B maximizes elongation at break (289%) while 0.1 wt% of the C20A maximizes impact strength (81 J/m) due to its influence on crystal structure of PLA. Thermal analysis through differential scanning calorimeter shows that hydrophilic C30B induces ductile α' PLA crystal formation while less hydrophilic C20A induces stiff α crystal formation, which is reflected on the mechanical properties. In addition, there exists optimum degree of crystallinity for the desired mechanical properties. The excessive interfacial‐localized clay is found to interfere PLA/TPU interaction. Meanwhile, natural clay, enhances mechanical properties of blend with the reduced distance between the TPU droplets with a 0.3–3 wt% addition. In addition, rheological properties help us to design the blend and annealing condition for the desirable mechanical properties.
Flame retardancy of carboxylated polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane modified layered double hydroxide in the process of leather fatliquoring
Authors: Lyu Bin , Kou Mengnan , Gao Dangge , Luo Kang , Ma Jianzhong , Lin Yanjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarboxyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(P[POSS‐MAA]) modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (P[POSS‐MAA]‐LDHs) was prepared by exfoliating and recombination method, which used P(POSS‐MAA) and LDHs attracted each other through electrostatic force and hydrogen bond. The structure and morphology of P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope, which showed that LDHs was exfoliated and P(POSS‐MAA) was on the surface of LDHs. Then it was introduced into the modified zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil(MZBMSO) to obtain MZBMSO/P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs and applied it in leather fatliquoring process. The effect of the introduction of P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal insulation and smoke suppression of leather was investigated. Compared to the MZBMSO treated leather, the after flame time of MZBMSO/P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs treated leather decreased from 84 s to 32 s, and the limiting oxygen index increased from 23.1% to 27.5%, which exhibited improvement on flame retardancy of the leather. The temperature at 50% mass loss of MZBMSO/P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs treated leather increased from 375.1 to 408.3°C, which showed improvement on thermal stability of the leather. And the leather treated by MZBMSO/P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs had reduction of the total heat release and the total smoke production around 26.8% and 65.7%, respectively, which showed that MZBMSO/P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs treated leather had heat insulation and smoke suppression. Flame retardant mechanism of MZBMSO/(P(POSS‐MAA)‐LDHs) treated leather involved a combination of the gaseous phase and condensed phase flame retardancy. This work provided a new material for the flame retardant field and expanded the application range of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS).
Study on properties of polyurethane elastomers prepared with different hard segment structure
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Wang Kaijie , Sang Shilin , Li Yuanyuan , Tang Jialing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFour different systems of cast polyurethane elastomers were prepared through two‐step method by adjusting different isocyanates and amine chain extenders. The blocked polyurethane prepolymer synthesized by the reaction of methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) and the prepolymer weakens the reactivity with the amine chain extender. The mechanical and thermal properties of cast polyurethane prepared by different combinations were analyzed through comparison. The microphase separation of hard and soft segments structure in different systems were observed by using atomic force microscope (AFM). Through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the influence of various structures on the loss factor is discussed. Studying the dynamic endogenous heat of cast polyurethane (CPU) by changing the hard segment structure provides a novel idea for the construction of polyurethane with low‐damping structure.
Environmental capability development in a multi‐stakeholder network setting: Dynamic learning through multi‐stakeholder interactions
Authors: Baranova Polina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study offers a nuanced view of multi‐stakeholder networks (MSNs) as settings for capability development through learning. Unlike numerous studies of capability development in networks being framed through a resource‐based perspective, the study applies a knowledge‐based view. This approach addresses the limitations of a generic treatment of learning towards capability development in the existing literature. The paper explores the learning mechanisms and characteristics of learning towards environmental capability in an MSN where stakeholder interactions shape the learning. A qualitative case study research design is used to explore capability development experiences of 15 organisations as part of a well‐established pro‐environmental MSN with over 140 members operating in the Midlands. The study reveals a synergetic pattern in the technical, relational and sustainability skills development towards environmental capability. Capability development is also characterised by situated, collective and opportunity‐led learning features. The findings confirm the significance of a stakeholder diversity for the development of relational skills in a network setting. The study advances a knowledge‐based view of capability development by framing the MSNs as dynamic learning systems for capability development. Managerial implications are drawn including the broadening of the skills spectrum for environmental capability development, paying attention to the learning settings and patterns of learning as part of capability development and engaging with MSNs as dynamic learning systems for sustainable development.
Development of a server‐based integrated virtual laboratory for digital electronics
Authors: Ersoy Mevlüt , Kumral Cem D. , Çolak Recep , Armağan Hamit , Yiğit Tuncay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a virtual laboratory has been developed to enable the effective running of applied courses in formal and distance education. Embedded systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application programming interfaces (API), and web‐based software infrastructure are used together in the virtual laboratory. Experiments belonging to digital electronics and digital communication courses can be performed by the students in the developed experiment set. Process steps performed by the student in the experiments can be followed by the designed log circuit. Every transaction performed on the experiment set was recorded and a web environment was provided to the educators where they could evaluate the experiment process. Two groups of students were formed to evaluate the success of the virtual laboratory. The first group performed the circuit setup using the traditional method and the second group on the developed virtual laboratory. According to the survey questions directed to the students, it was revealed that the use of the virtual laboratory informal and distance education would bring positive results and provide equal opportunities for disadvantaged individuals. At the same time, it was revealed that a virtual laboratory has been developed that will provide cost benefits in educational institutions.
Anacardic Acid Derivatives Affect thein VitroReactions of Photosynthesis
Authors: de Carvalho Ana Calheiros , Severino Richele Priscila , Abubakar Mustapha Ngaski , Machado Fernando Cassas Salles , Bassicheto Milena Costa , Di Gioia Silva Giordanno , Vieira Paulo Cezar , Veiga Thiago A. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dichloromethane extract of the cashew nuts fromAnacardium occidentalewas fractionated by rotation locular countercurrent chromatography aimed at discovering metabolites that could be useful as new models for photosynthesis inhibitors. The chemical fractionation afforded a complex mixture of anacardic acids, which upon catalytic hydrogenation yielded anacardic acid (1). Methylation of1via reaction with diazomethane afforded an ester2. Both compounds were evaluated using polarographic approaches and fluorescence studies of chlorophylla(ChLa). Thein vitroassays informed the decision for the classification of1and2as Hill reaction inhibitors. Besides that,1inhibited the donor side of the PSII, while2acted as an energy transfer inhibitor. Therefore, this study is important for the development of herbicides.
Influence of Ring Modifications on Nucleolar Stress Caused by Oxaliplatin‐Like Compounds**
Authors: McDevitt Christine E. , Guerrero Andres S. , Smith Haley M. , DeRose Victoria J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOxaliplatin, a platinum compound in broad clinical use, can induce cell death through a nucleolar stress pathway rather than the canonical DNA damage response studied for other Pt(II) compounds. Previous work has found that the oxaliplatin 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH) ring but not the oxalate leaving group is important to the ability to induce nucleolar stress. Here we study the influence of DACH ring substituents at the 4‐position on the ability of DACH−Pt(II) compounds to cause nucleolar stress. We determine that DACH−Pt(II) compounds with 4‐position methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents induce nucleolar stress, but DACH−Pt(II) compounds with 4‐isopropyl substituents do not induce nucleolar stress. This effect is independent of whether the substituent is in the axial or equatorial position relative to the trans diamines of the ligand. These results suggest that spatially sensitive interactions could be involved in the ability of platinum compounds to cause nucleolar stress.
Synthetic Activity of Recombinant Whole Cell Biocatalysts Containing 2‐Deoxy‐D‐ribose‐5‐phosphate Aldolase from Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Authors: Varela Romina Fernández , Valino Ana Laura , Abdelraheem Eman , Médici Rosario , Sayé Melisa , Pereira Claudio A. , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon , Hanefeld Ulf , Iribarren Adolfo , Lewkowicz Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn nature 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose‐5‐phosphate aldolase (DERA) catalyses the reversible formation of 2‐deoxyribose 5‐phosphate from D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate and acetaldehyde. In addition, this enzyme can use acetaldehyde as the sole substrate, resulting in a tandem aldol reaction, yielding 2,4,6‐trideoxy‐D‐erythro‐hexapyranose, which spontaneously cyclizes. This reaction is very useful for the synthesis of the side chain of statin‐type drugs used to decrease cholesterol levels in blood. One of the main challenges in the use of DERA in industrial processes, where high substrate loads are needed to achieve the desired productivity, is its inactivation by high acetaldehyde concentration. In this work, the utility of different variants of Pectobacterium atrosepticum DERA (PaDERA) as whole cell biocatalysts to synthesize 2‐deoxyribose 5‐phosphate and 2,4,6‐trideoxy‐D‐erythro‐hexapyranose was analysed. Under optimized conditions, E. coli BL21 (PaDERA C‐His AA C49M) whole cells yields 99 % of both products. Furthermore, this enzyme is able to tolerate 500 mM acetaldehyde in a whole‐cell experiment which makes it suitable for industrial applications.
Role of ferroptosis in gastrointestinal tumors: From mechanisms to therapies
Authors: Si Chenli , Zhou Xiang , Deng Jie , Ye Shijie , Kong Lingming , Zhang Baofu , Wang Weiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron‐dependent nonapoptotic regulated cell death, which is mainly caused by an abnormal increase in lipid oxygen free radicals and an imbalance in redox homeostasis. Recently, ferroptosis has been shown to have implications in various gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. This review summarises the latest research on ferroptosis, its mechanism of action, and its role in the progression of different gastrointestinal tumors to provide more information regarding the prevention and treatment of these tumors.