bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coda
Authors: Hess Jillian M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo conclude, this study considers how commonplacing continues to evolve in the digital age. Special attention goes to the topoi that inform digital information management. The coda applies this study’s larger argument—that technological and social changes altered commonplace book form—to online search engines and forms of digital surveillance. The twenty-first-century topic has come a long way from Aristotle’s topoi and Cicero’s loci, yet the core properties of the commonplace method—gathering and storing multiform information—remain with us today.
Differentiation and Continuity
Authors: Sedaghat Hassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concept of derivative is introduced as the limit of a sequence of difference ratios and the basic formulas and properties are prove. A discussion of continuity in terms of limits of sequences follows along with the proofs of some fundamental theorems of analysis including the intermediate value and the mean value theorems. The chapter ends with a detailed study of L’Hospital’s rule and Newton’s approximation method.
Happiness
Authors: Timmermann Jens 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The second chapter focuses on the nature of human happiness in Kant’s practical philosophy, which is shown to be hedonistic in character. It introduces the distinction between the ‘state’ of happiness and happiness as an ‘ideal’, as well as the notion of a ‘nominal’ or ‘titular’ desire to be happy. The main difficulty for agents in their pursuit of happiness is the uncertainty that characterizes happiness as an ideal. Prudence is thus stochastic in nature—we aim at happiness, and we take risks in doing so. The chapter ends with a detailed discussion of the second Critique’s ‘gold analogy’, which Kant uses to emphasize the commensurability of all non-moral considerations.
Two Types of Practical Failure
Authors: Timmermann Jens 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The seventh chapter pulls together the argument presented in earlier chapters to spell out the ‘hybrid’ theory of practical failure. It begins with a detailed examination of the case of the Groundwork’s gout sufferer, which is commonly read as an example of prudential irrationality. On more plausible reconstruction, it is argued, uncertainty about his situation allows the gout sufferer to choose the ‘bird in his hand’, i.e. the certainty of the pleasures available, over what may or may not be in his long-term interest. He does what he believes to be justified. Moral practical failure is, by contrast, shown to be action against one’s own better judgement. It is not even the choice of a ‘lesser’ good, but rather the choice of an option we know to be objectively worthless. Kant must therefore reject the thesis that we always act ‘under the guise of the good’.
National language and transnationalization
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToday’s increasing mobility affects binary divisions of citizenship and what it implies for the nation reviving the long-standing debate about whether nations are the product or accompaniment of modernization or, alternatively, can be traced back as long as documented history extends. One aspect of this debate is the constitution and function of the national language, which can be described less controversially as a modern phenomenon; for there cannot be a national language without a nation. How are its geographic, cultural, political, and linguistic boundaries and its inner constitution affected by demographic dynamics and mobility in the age of transnationalism? How do nations and national languages divide the world between insiders and outsiders, members and non-members, inclusion and exclusion? These are the principal question addressed in this chapter.
Introduction
Authors: Jenart Cedric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the issues concerned with the outsourcing of rules and sets out the scope of the research by defining the principle notions dealt with. This introduction defines rulemaking powers and identifies the three outsourcing techniques researched (delegation, referral, and reception). It also states the two research hypotheses concerning (1) the limits to and (2) safeguards for outsourcing and explains how these research hypotheses reinforce and complement each other. Finally, it elaborates upon the methodology used in addressing these issues, namely a comparative and doctrinal analyses of the constitutional law approach in the US, the UK, Belgium, France, and Germany.
Comparative Delegation Framework by Constitutional Provisions
Authors: Jenart Cedric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains how, worldwide, many written constitutions have been interpreted to uphold a ‘non-delegation doctrine’, meaning that rulemaking powers may not be transferred at all, although they often do still provide for the possibility of transferring rulemaking power anyway. However, in general, these constitutional provisions appear limited to the exercise of rulemaking by the Legislature and the Executive, considered as the traditional wielders of rulemaking powers. This chapter offers a status quaestionis of how rulemaking powers are exchanged between and transferred to the Legislature, the Executive, and other actors. In doing so, it offers a number of examples of the three outsourcing techniques in the countries researched. The use of the functional, comparative methodology enables proving that the outsourcing of rulemaking powers is inspired by the traditional transfer of rulemaking powers, that rulemaking powers are being increasingly transferred to a myriad of actors, and that the specific techniques to outsource rulemaking powers in the countries researched are remarkably similar.
Time, Complexity and the Human Condition
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Where we discuss the profund connections between Time and Complexity, particularly the idea that time is an emergent property which can only be perceived by organisms beyond a minimum threshold of complexity. Humans belong, which brings hope but also anxiety for a future we cannot tell ahead. Most importantly, it brings awareness of our own mortality, and the way we react to this burden, largely defines who we are.
Implicit Learning and Language Acquisition
Authors: Rebuschat Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the past decades, studies from different research areas have examined the acquisition of simple and complex linguistic features via distributional learning, under incidental exposure conditions and across a range of populations, from infants and children to younger and older adults. This research is fundamental, as it directly addresses questions about the potential contributions of implicit and statistical learning in language acquisition across the lifespan. It is often striking how much overlap there is in terms of research questions and priorities. Yet there is little interaction across strands. If researchers are to arrive at integrated theories of implicit and explicit learning of languages, they cannot afford to focus so heavily on their respective strands that they end up accidentally disregarding important data provided by other communities.
Implicit Learning in Healthy Aging
Authors: Howard Darlene V. , Howard Jr James H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The past fifty years have yielded substantial advances in understanding the aging mind and brain. This chapter focuses on three themes that have emerged. (1) Some cognitive abilities decline with adult age, but others do not. (2) Brain regions differ in the extent of age-related decline, and old brains often perform functions differently from younger ones, reflecting lifelong neural plasticity. (3) It is possible to modify some age-related declines. Much of this research has focused on explicit learning and memory. This chapter considers whether these themes apply to the aging of implicit, statistical sequence learning. It presents evidence, some limited, that all three themes apply. Future progress requires that measures of implicit learning be included in large-scale longitudinal correlational and intervention studies. Research on the aging of implicit learning and memory needs to be more integrated with the burgeoning research on promoting successful aging.
The Unexplicated and Its Consequences
Authors: Collins Harry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The unconscious is not usually thought of as a topic for sociology, but the “unexplicated” is and there is an overlap between the two. The unexplicated is about what can and can’t be explicated rather than what is currently being executed without conscious attention. Gear changing in a car can be done both ways, so it is explicable knowledge and can be automated whereas there are other kinds of knowledge that are in-principle inexplicable. The chapter divides tacit knowledge into three kinds depending on these kinds of distinction. The sociology of knowledge argues that the reasons people accept most of what they know has never been explicated. This applies to scientific knowledge, too. Interactional expertise is the understanding of practical matters through immersion in the spoken discourse of experts but without practicing; the fractal model of society is based on socialization of citizens into many groups embedded into each other.
Sacred Fields
Authors: Barba Lloyd Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how, in places where migrants physically worked the land yet never owned it, they found opportunities to build their own churches. It argues that Mexican migrants wielded a creative genius in their pragmatism of starting churches in tents (that they called carpas) then transitioned to build brick-and-mortar temples. Temples offered migrants a sense of permanency in a context of agricultural labor that was designed to deny them any sense of belonging and to keep them uprooted. The chapter also considers how in the era of xenophobia toward Mexicans, Apostólicos built temples and developed a socially transgressive and politically resistant ethnic aesthetic. The clearest example is their appropriation of Mission Revival architecture. They reconfigured these places as spaces where they dared to imagine a new social configuration of relations.
Sacred Nostalgia
Authors: Barba Lloyd Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how three overarching themes (sounds, sights, and sites) emanate from the interviews conducted and sources consulted by the author. It further details how sounds, sights, and sites were all sacred material processes that, respectively, correspond to three phenomena in this chapter: (1) the sounds of los aleluyas, (2) the sights of las hermanas, and (3) the sites of the church familia and micro-colonias. The first of these shows the relationship between noisy worship and conversion. The second describes the world of modesty/holiness dress standards as expectations that fell most heavily on women and the nostalgic elements of those dress codes. The last argues that the “church familia” and smaller communities labeled here as “micro-colonias” offered migrant workers and families a semblance of permanency for life on the agricultural circuit.
Winning Words and Strategic Stories
Authors: Hattaway Doug , Zimmermann Eric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the importance of the words that are used in communication and how audiences of strategic public health messaging perceive language. The chapter examines the role of “winning” words and the role of storytelling as two principal aspects of successful public health messaging. Strategic storytelling is another important component of relaying public health messaging. This includes describing public health professionals and public health initiatives in terms that will resonate with the audience. The language used and the stories told are just as important as the data public health professionals mine and the studies they publish. A core aim of effective public health storytelling is to align the messaging of public health initiatives with the personal visions of health that each person has for their own life. Making the connection between personal and public health is key.
1951
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hammerstein discusses the idea of a World Government with Rex Stout. Hammerstein gets detailed input from Josh Logan and Robert Dolan on The King and I, which opens out-of-town and then on Broadway, with raves from all quarters. Basil Rathbone asks to have Rodgers and Hammerstein write a show in which he could star. The MGM film version of Show Boat opens. Rodgers and Hammerstein consider writing a musical based on George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. South Pacific opens in London with Mary Martin. Denis P. S. Conan Doyle suggest that Rodgers and Hammerstein write a musical based on the Sherlock Holmes story “A Scandal in Bohemia.” Details on Sigmund Romberg’s death are reported to Oscar.
1952
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hammerstein responds to fallout from the “Roger Rico scandal”—after firing Rico from playing Emile in South Pacific. Reports on South Pacific in London. Potential musicals to star Mary Martin are proposed and considered. Hammerstein will not agree to changes to the script of South Pacific in order for it to be shown in South Africa. Rodgers and Hammerstein begin work on Me and Juliet. There is much discussion related to Gertrude Lawrence’s ill health and sudden death. John Steinbeck proposes that Rodgers and Hammerstein write a musical based on the life of Abraham Lincoln. Josh Logan desperately wants Rodgers and Hammerstein to write the score for Fanny.
1953
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rodgers and Hammerstein are approached for their permission to introduce a resolution making “Oklahoma” the official state song of the “OK” state. Work continues on Me and Juliet, which opens to disappointing responses. Hammerstein is co-chairman with Lena Horne of a group producing an extravagant show on behalf of the NAACP. Hammerstein gives detailed advice to the stage manager for The King and I, supervising cast changes and making sure the quality of the production is maintained. Hammerstein drafts a letter soliciting opinions on segregated housing and other race-related issues. Hammerstein provides detailed advice to Stephen Sondheim after reading Sondheim’s script for an original musical, Climb High. Rodgers and Hammerstein are not interested in writing a musical adaptation of Gone With the Wind. Rodgers and Hammerstein begin work on what will become the musical Pipe Dream.
1957
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hammerstein corresponds with P. G. Wodehouse and Guy Bolton on a script they’ve written, apparently to take advantage of the nostalgia engendered by The Boy Friend. Oscar represents the Dramatists Guild in a disagreement with Actor’s Equity on their rules regarding casting foreign actors in American productions. Several letters relate to the upcoming film of South Pacific, including reports from Oscar to director, Josh Logan, on casting, crew, and the script, and enthusiastic letters from Logan on his plans to use color filters during the songs to generate moods. Oscar argues passionately in defense of ASCAP regarding the controversy with BMI regarding song writers’ rights and radio play. Rodgers and Hammerstein decide that their next musical will be an adaptation of C. Y. Lee’s novel, Flower Drum Song. Oscar expresses his opinion of country music to record producer Goddard Lieberson.
Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe
Authors: Berman Sheri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At the end of the twentieth century, many believed the story of European political development had come to an end. Modern democracy began in Europe, but for hundreds of years, dictatorship rather than democracy had been the norm. Now, though, the entire continent was in the democratic camp for the first time. But by the beginning of the twenty-first century the story had already begun to unravel. Some of the continent's newer democracies were backsliding toward dictatorship, while citizens in many of its older democracies began questioning democracy's functioning and even legitimacy. Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe traces the long history of democracy in its cradle, Europe. It takes readers through more than two centuries of turmoil, revolutions, fascism, civil wars, communism and-finally-the rebuilding of democracy in Western Europe after 1945 and the emergence of democracy in Eastern Europe after 1989. Democracy and Dictatorship in Europe explains why democracy proved so difficult to achieve in Europe and draws lessons from Europe's past that can help us understand the conditions necessary for democracy to flourish.
German Unification
Authors: Berman Sheri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the unification of Germany. It analyzes the state produced by the unification processes, focusing on the tensions created by the mixture of democratic and authoritarian elements embedded in it. It analyzes how this new state influenced subsequent German political development, particularly its impact on nation-building and nationalism and by shaping the way the struggle for democratization played out during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It also investigates the tensions that built up within German society as a result of economic modernization during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of nationalism and anti-Semitism, and the way in which domestic struggles contributed to the deadly slide into the First World War.
Political Development in Spain
Authors: Berman Sheri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 13 examines Spanish political development. It begins with a consideration of state- and nation-building during the early modern period and examines how these influenced Spain's subsequent political development. The chapter focuses on the instability and violence plaguing Spain during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and asks why traditional conservative forces were able to retain immense power in Spain, while their influence was waning in much of the rest of Europe. The chapter also analyzes why Spain's interwar democratic experiment failed and why this failure led to civil war and a relatively traditional conservative dictatorship rather than fascism.
Lessons from Europe
Authors: Berman Sheri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 18 summarizes the book's findings and discusses the implications of the European experience for contemporary debates about democratization and consolidation. In particular, it lays out several crucial lessons European history provides about the development of democracy and dictatorship, focusing on the interaction among state-, nation- and democracy-building, and reiterates the contributions a historical perspective on political development can provide to those struggling to understand the challenges facing democracy in Europe and many other parts of the world today.
Military Philosophe and Courtier, 1794–1797
Authors: Mikaberidze Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter talks about the appointment of Mikhail Kutuzov as the director general of the Land Noble Cadet Corps on September 26, 1794. The Land Noble Cadet Corps was one of the premier institutions of military education in Russia. Its leadership was usually entrusted to an imperial grandee, such as Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich and Prince Ludwig Wilhelm of Hesse-Homburg. The school grounds, located on Vasilievskii Island, had produced a generation of Russian commanders, including Peter Rumyantsev, Alexander Prozorovskii, Mikhail Kamenskii, Peter Melissino, and Mikhail Kakhovskii. The chapter refers to the period of Military Enlightenment, which embraced rationalism and professionalism, promoting greater proficiency in military matters, especially in military education. The Cadet Corps played a vital role in the institutionalization of the Military Enlightenment in Russia as well as the continued westernization of the Russian military.
The Tale of Two Ruses
Authors: Mikaberidze Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the city of Vienna, which lay unprotected before the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, the incarnation of the French Revolution, in November 1805. Napoleon was furious about the setback at Krems-Durrenstein, for which he held Joachim Murat responsible. The chapter discusses how the French marshal was supposed to be nipping at Mikhail Kutuzov’s heels, especially given that he had received reports that Kutuzov intended to retreat across the Danube at Krems. The chapter explores Napoleon’s grand design of enveloping and destroying the enemy in another battle of annihilation. This plan was in jeopardy, and Murat should have pursued and prevented Kutuzov from crossing the Danube just long enough for Édouard Mortier to secure the crossing site at Krems. Upon learning of the French approach, Fürst Karl Joseph Franz von Auersperg chose to abandon the suburbs of Vienna and took up positions guarding the Tabor Bridge.
“The Old Fox of the North”
Authors: Mikaberidze Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at Mikhail Kutuzov’s choices about what to do as Moscow was receding behind him. Kutuzov could either lead the army east to Vladimir, to draw upon the resources of the western provinces and to protect the routes leading to the imperial capital, or he could take a more southerly path, to Kaluga, which would allow the Russians to protect the resource-rich provinces and threaten the enemy lines of communication. It explains that the choice to go to Kaluga offered greater strategic and operational advantages, but it was also more dangerous, as it might expose the Russian army to a devastating flanking attack. The chapter describes Kutuzov’s order for the army to march southeast along the Vladimir-Ryazan road. This route allowed Kutuzov to turn left and proceed to Vladimir should Napoleon Bonaparte choose to pursue him or should the Grande Armée show no sign of heading to the Tula and Old Kaluga roads.
Introduction
Authors: McIlvenna Una 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concepts, features, appearance, and prevalence of execution ballads. It explains why a multilingual and longue durée analysis is so important to a phenomenon that endured throughout the nineteenth century and even into the twentieth century. The role of performativity, images, and authorship in balladry is explored, along with their significance for an understanding of execution ballads. The chapter offers an overview of ballad scholarship, conservation, and digitisation in the various countries and languages under study, and explains the profession of street singers. It provides an explanation of the various methods of public execution, and closes with a chapter outline of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: McIlvenna Una 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion summarises the various chapters, showing that the formulaic structure and content of execution ballads remained stable across four centuries. Ballads continued in most countries to employ contrafactum, and even in the nineteenth century were still making references to supernatural or diabolical causes. While many of the crimes that feature in early modern execution ballads, such as witchcraft and heresy, are no longer prosecuted, murder ballads continue to fascinate the public. The chapter argues that once public executions ceased to exist, execution ballads evolved into transportation ballads, as a new form of punishment was invented. Thus, song remained central to the idea of punishment itself.