bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of the use of the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technique in laparoscopic partial liver resection
Authors: Itoh Shinji , Tomiyama Takahiro , Morinaga Akinari , Kurihara Takeshi , Nagao Yoshihiro , Toshima Takeo , Morita Kazutoyo , Harada Noboru , Mori Masaki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the clinical effects of the indocyanine green (ICG)‐fluorescence imaging (FI) technique for determination of liver transection lines during laparoscopic partial liver resection for liver tumors.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including 112 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial liver resection for liver tumors. These enrolled patients were divided into an ICG‐FI group (n = 55) and a non‐ICG‐FI group (n = 57) according to the availability of the ICG‐FI. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients between two groups were compared before and after propensity score matching.ResultsThe ICG‐FI and non‐ICG‐FI groups differed at baseline in terms of ICG retention rate at 15 min. After propensity score matching, two comparable groups of 32 patients each were obtained. The negativity rated of the pathological surgical margins were comparable between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. However, the surgical margins were significantly wider in the ICG‐FI group before and after propensity score matching (P = .039 and P = .047, respectively).ConclusionThe ICG‐fluorescence imaging technique may offer clinical benefits in terms of a secure surgical margin in laparoscopic partial liver resection.
Role of chemical reaction engineering for sustainable growth: One industrial perspective from India
Authors: Sapre Ajit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemical reaction engineering (CRE) is vital to solve many of the pressing societal challenges—energy and energy transition, materials, food, mobility, and so forth, to meet the aspirational goals of developing country population in the face of climate change, changing demographics, and geopolitical challenges. Application of the core principles of CRE to the emerging societal challenges is creating new technologies and cost‐effective solutions by integrating the widely varied CRE activities into broad, powerful, systems descriptions with the help of interdisciplinary teams with broad expertise including chemistry, catalysis, chemical kinetics, transport phenomena, biology, applied mathematics and modeling, emerging data science technologies to design and optimize chemical/biochemical reactors. Such developments will be critical for CRE to play an important role in the emerging fourth industrial revolution—amalgamation of physical, digital, and biological worlds, where the velocity of disruption and acceleration of innovation are hard to comprehend or anticipate and such broadening of CRE discipline will be critical for the field to remain agile and relevant. This article describes some latest technical advances in Reliance Industries Ltd. using this philosophy to help achieve sustainable growth and Net Zero business targets. We will broadly discuss renewable hydrogen from novel biomass catalytic gasification, multizone catalytic cracking process to convert crude oil and low value hydrocarbon streams to petrochemical building blocks, an adsorption/desorption process for CO2 concentration and monetization from industrial flue gases. Furthermore, biotechnology advances in leveraging photosynthesis kinetics, synthetic biology, and genetic modifications for converting solar energy and carbon dioxide through algae production will be discussed to produce proteins, biomaterials, renewable biocrude, and so forth. We will also discuss new catalytic technologies to convert mixed plastic waste to stable oil and organic waste such as agri and municipal solid waste, and so forth, to biocrude for circular economy, and biodegradable plastics production to manage plastics pollution.
The association between the 2D:4D ratio and offspring sex at birth: A cross‐sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Banyeh Moses , Amidu Nafiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe 2D:4D ratio is the putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Low maternal 2D:4D ratio has been associated with high or male‐biased secondary sex ratio. Hitherto, there has not been any study in Ghana regarding the maternal 2D:4D ratio and sex ratio at birth. This study sought to investigate this observation in a Ghanaian population.MethodThe study was cross‐sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 involving 272 first‐time mothers. The mean ± SD age of the mothers was 23.9 ± 3.67 years. The right (2D:4DR), the left (2D:4DL), the mean (M2D:4D) digit ratios and the right–left difference (Dr‐l) of the mothers were measured using computer‐assisted analysis. The mothers were stratified by their digit ratios, and the cohort sex ratio (CSR) for each stratum was then calculated as the proportion of sons.ResultsThe mean ± SD of the 2D:4DR of mothers‐with‐daughters and mothers‐with‐sons were 0.941 ± 0.032 and 0.933 ± 0.037, respectively. The mean ± SD of the 2D:4DL of mothers‐with‐daughters was 0.934 ± 0.034, while that of mothers‐with‐sons was 0.931 ± 0.039. The offspring sex at birth and the CSR was not associated with either the mother's right, left, mean 2D:4D ratio or their difference (Dr‐l). However, mothers‐with‐daughters showed rightward asymmetry in their 2D:4D ratios as the Dr‐l significantly and positively deviated from zero (p < .010).ConclusionThe maternal 2D:4D ratio may not be associated with their offspring sex at birth among first‐time mothers. This study adds to the limited data on studies regarding offspring sex at birth and the 2D:4D ratio in Ghana and Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Charge‐Transfer Cocrystal via a Persistent Radical Cation Acceptor for Efficient Solar‐Thermal Conversion
Authors: Xu Jieqiong , Chen Qian , Li Shengkai , Shen Jiachao , Keoingthong Phouphien , Zhang Liang , Yin Zhiwei , Cai Xinqi , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDesigning organic charge‐transfer (CT) cocrystals for efficient solar‐thermal conversion is a long‐sought goal but remains challenging. Here we construct a unique CT cocrystal by using a persistent 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+.) as the electron acceptor. The strong persistency and electron affinity of ABTS+.endow a high degree of electron delocalization between ABTS+.and the 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine donor. Together with the intrinsic long‐wavelength absorption of ABTS+., the synthesized cocrystal can effectively capture the full solar spectrum and show distinguished photothermal efficiency. Such a cocrystal is further used for solar‐driven interfacial evaporation, and a high evaporation rate of 1.407 kg m−2 h−1and a remarkable solar‐to‐vapor efficiency of 97.0 % have been achieved upon 1 sun irradiation. This work indicates the enormous prospects for charge transfer‐based functional materials through rational radical cation engineering.
Aqueous Biphasic Dye‐Sensitized Photosynthesis Cells for TEMPO‐Based Oxidation of Glycerol
Authors: Bruggeman Didjay F. , Laporte Annechien A. H. , Detz Remko J. , Mathew Simon , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work reports an aqueous dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC) capable of oxidizing glycerol (an archetypical biobased compound) coupled with H2 production. We employed a mesoporous TiO2 photoanode sensitized with the high potential thienopyrroledione‐based dye AP11, encased in an acetonitrile‐based redox‐gel that protects the photoanode from degradation by aqueous electrolytes. The use of the gel creates a biphasic system with an interface at the organic (gel) electrode and aqueous anolyte. Embedded in the acetonitrile gel is 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), acting as both a redox‐mediator and a catalyst for oxidative transformations. Upon oxidation of TEMPO by the photoexcited dye, the in situ generated TEMPO+ shuttles through the gel to the acetonitrile–aqueous interface, where it acts as an oxidant for the selective conversion of glycerol to glyceraldehyde. The introduction of the redox‐gel layer affords a 10‐fold increase in the conversion of glycerol compared to the purely aqueous system. Our redox‐gel protected photoanode yielded a stable photocurrent over 48 hours of continuous operation, demonstrating that this DSPEC is compatible with alkaline aqueous reactions.
Adaptation of an anatomy graduate course in ultrasound imaging from in‐person to live, remote instruction during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: DePhilip Robert M. , Quinn Melissa M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHealth concerns during the Covid‐19 pandemic required the adaptation of a lecture‐laboratory course in ultrasound imaging for graduate students from an in‐person to a live, remote learning format. The adaptation of in‐person lectures to live, remote delivery was achieved by using videoconferencing. The adaptation of in‐person laboratory sessions to live, remote instruction was achieved in the first half of the course by providing a hand‐held ultrasound instrument to each student who performed self‐scanning at their remote locations, while the instructor provided live instruction using videoconferencing. In the second half of the course, the students transitioned to using cart‐based, hospital‐type instruments and self‐scanning in the ultrasound laboratory on campus. The aim of this study was to measure the success of this adaptation to the course by comparing assessment scores of students in the live, remote course with assessment scores of students in the in‐person course offered in the previous year. There were no statistically significant differences in the assessment scores of students in the two courses. The adaptation of a course in ultrasound imaging from an in‐person to a live, remote learning format during the Covid‐19 pandemic described here suggests that contrary to the prevailing view, ultrasound imaging can be taught to students without in‐person instruction. The adapted course can serve as a model for teaching ultrasound where instructors and learners are physically separated by constraints other than health concerns during a pandemic.
Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis: A risk factor for reintervention in Noonan syndrome with pulmonary valve stenosis
Authors: Abumehdi Mohammad , Mehta Chetan , Afifi Ahmed Reda Sanad Arafa , Yong San‐Fui , Chaudhari Milind , Bhole Vinay , Dhillon Rami , Stumper Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) in children with Noonan syndrome (NS).BackgroundPulmonary stenosis (PS) is the most common congenital heart lesion in NS. BPV is the accepted first line treatment in PS. However, BPV in NS patients has been reported to be less effective, without specific factors for the need for reintervention being identified.MethodsRetrospective case‐note review of all patients with NS who underwent BPV between 1985 and 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (SPS) in addition to valvar PS, and those with isolated valvar PS.ResultsA cohort of 54 patients with NS underwent BPV at a median of 275 (interquartile range [IQR]: 108–575) days of age. SPS was present in 32 (59%) patients whereas 22 had (41) isolated PS. The preprocedural invasive gradient was 47 (IQR: 35–69) mmHg, and 44 (IQR: 35–48) mmHg in those with SPS and those without respectively (p = 0.88). Reintervention was required in 22 patients (41%): 17 (77%) with SPS and 5 (23%) without (p = 0.017). Fourteen patients (11 with SPS) required surgical reintervention and 8 (6 with SPS) required further BPV. There was no significant difference in the age at initial BPV, pre‐ and postprocedural gradients and interval until reintervention between groups.ConclusionThis is the largest reported cohort of patients with NS undergoing BPV. Although BPV is often successful, the reintervention rates are high. SPS was a risk factor for reintervention.
Massive splenomegaly requiring differential diagnosis of hematologic malignancies
Authors: Tago Masaki , Fujiwara Motoshi , Nakashima Tomotaro , Makio Seijiro , Hirakawa Yuka , Tokushima Midori , Yamashita Shun , Tokushima Yoshinori , Aihara Hidetoshi , Yamashita Shu‐ichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old woman presented with pain and a palpable mass in her left flank. Abdominal computed tomography revealed massive splenomegaly and para‐aortic lymphadenopathies. Bone marrow biopsy showed CD79a, CD20, and bcl‐2‐positive atypical lymphocytes, which led to the diagnosis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of a Single Droplet in a Liquid‐Liquid Concave‐Wall Jet
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Yifeng , Gong Bin , Li Xiang , Li Yaxia , Wu Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiquid‐liquid swirling flow is directly affected by the dynamic behavior of discrete droplets. Large eddy simulation combined with the volume‐of‐fluid model (LES‐VOF) was adopted to simulate the dynamic behavior of a CCl4 single droplet under water in a concave‐wall jet. There were three modes of droplets: non‐breakup, binary‐breakup, and multiple‐breakup droplets. The binary‐breakup droplet was sheared by the layer between the jet and the main flow, and the multiple‐breakup droplet was sheared by the boundary layer of the wall. Deformation and breakup were the processes of balancing the internal and external droplet vorticity. The largest pressure difference between the internal and external side of the liquid film was the primary reason for droplet breakup.
Simulation of a Steady‐State Continuous Catalytic Reactive Distillation Column by Using a Multiscale Capillary Model
Authors: Patan Ameer Khan , Mekala Mallaiah , Thamida Sunil Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA continuous packed‐bed catalytic reactive distillation column used to study the esterification of acetic acid with methanol to synthesize methyl acetate was modeled as a capillary monolith. The solid catalyst used for this study was Indion 180 ion‐exchange resin. The catalyst was immobilized in the column by using a structured packing equivalent to Katapak‐S. Experiments were performed under different operating conditions. To validate the experimental results, a capillary model was developed for the catalytic reactive distillation by combining a model based on evaporation rate with the pore diffusion model for the reaction kinetics at the catalyst‐particle scale. The model predictions for composition and temperature profiles along the length of the column were compared with the experimental data and found to be in good agreement.
Microalgae‐Derived Green Diesel
Authors: Costa Iago G. , Coelho Vargas José V. , Balmant Wellington , Ramos Luiz P. , Zandoná Filho Arion , Taher Dhyogo M. , Mariano André B. , Yamamoto Carlos I. , Conceição Daniele , Kava Vanessa M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms are able to biosynthesize hydrocarbons (HCs), thus, they could become a new matrix for fuels and chemicals. In this work, Tetradesmus obliquus cultivated for 15 days in 12‐m3 photobioreactors produced dry biomass for hot oil extraction by rotary evaporation. Pure hexane and a mixture of hexane and ethanol solvents produced crude oil, followed by fractional distillation to yield non‐esterifiables. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry characterized the products obtained with hexane extraction as HCs from C11 to C22, and with hexane + ethanol from C13 to C23, predominantly alkanes that led to a high cetane number. The green diesel lower heating value was nearly the same as that of low sulfur fossil diesel, however, economic and logistic aspects need to be addressed aiming at fossil diesel replacement.
Sulfonyl Nitrene and Amidyl Radical: Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Zelenka Jan , Pereverzev Aleksandr , Jahn Ullrich , Roithová Jana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic generation of nitrenes and radicals can be used to tune or even control their reactivity. Photocatalytic activation of sulfonyl azides leads to the elimination of N2 and the resulting reactive species initiate C−H activations and amide formation reactions. Here, we present reactive radicals that are generated from sulfonyl azides: sulfonyl nitrene radical anion, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radical, and test their gas phase reactivity in C−H activation reactions. The sulfonyl nitrene radical anion is the least reactive and its reactivity is governed by the proton coupled electron transfer mechanism. In contrast, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radicals react via hydrogen atom transfer pathways. These reactivities and detailed characterization of the radicals with vibrational spectroscopy and with DFT calculations provide information necessary for taking control over the reactivity of these intermediates.
Gravitational search algorithm‐driven missing links prediction in social networks
Authors: Singh Ankita , Singh Nanhay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increased usage of online social networks in recent days attracts the attention of researchers. That makes analysis of social networks a significant concern. Link prediction is one of the problem of social networks, where links are predicted between users by analyzing the relationships between the nodes. As the size and usability of the social network grows, the accurate prediction of connections with limited public information is a challenge. This article introduces a novel approach for predicting missing links using a nature‐inspired method, the gravitational search algorithm. We selected seven real‐world networks and five widely used algorithms and also considered the sparsity of networks for the experimental evaluation of the proposed approach. The proposed GSA‐driven algorithm has shown a better or comparable AUC result than the other standard algorithms on these networks.
Effective intrusion detection system for IoT using optimized capsule auto encoder model
Authors: Om Kumar Chandra Umakantham , Durairaj Jeyakumar , Ahamed Ali Samsu Aliar , Justindhas Y. , Marappan Suguna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a major part in protecting security threats and networks from attacks. Due to the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), more cyber‐attacks are attacking these devices. Various security challenges still occur on IoT devices since most of them have limited security mechanisms. Hence, this paper introduces a combination of linear and non‐linear space transformation models for IDS. Independent component analysis (ICA) is employed for linear transformation to obtain an orthogonal space, and a dual‐phase distance metric learning method (D‐DML) is utilized to obtain an optimal distance metric. The Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF) model is employed for non‐linear transformation. Then these features of linear and non‐linear models are integrated and classified by capsule auto encoder with a hybrid kernel function (HKCAE) which classifies normal and malicious attacks. Guidance of the capuchin search algorithm (CSA) is employed to optimize the HKCAE parameters during prediction attack prediction. The performance of the implemented approach is compared with the other approaches with some measures like precision, accuracy, sensitivity, F‐score, and specificity benchamrked through UNSW‐15 and BoT‐IoT datasets. The accuracy of the developed scheme is 0.9973 and 0.999 on UNSW‐15 and BoT‐IoT datasets, respectively.
Simulating selection and evolution at the community level using common garden data
Authors: Shuster Stephen M. , Keith Arthur R. , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA key issue in evolutionary biology is whether selection acting at levels higher than the individual can cause evolutionary change. If it can, then conceptual and empirical studies must consider how selection operates at multiple levels of biological organization. Here, we test the hypothesis that estimates of broad‐sense community heritability, , can be used to predict the evolutionary response by community‐level phenotypes when community‐level selection is imposed. Using an approach informed by classic quantitative genetics, we made three predictions. First, when we imposed community‐level selection, we expected a significant change in the average phenotype of arthropod communities associated with individual tree genotypes [we imposed selection by favoring high and low NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) scores that reflected differences in arthropod species richness, abundance and composition]. Second, we expected to predict the magnitude of the community‐level response. Third, we expected no significant change in average NMDS scores with community‐level selection imposed at random. We tested these hypotheses using three years of common garden data for 102 species comprising the arthropod communities, associated with nine clonally replicated Populus angustifolia genotypes. Each of our predictions were met. We conclude that estimates of account for the resemblance among communities sharing common ancestry, the persistence of community composition over time, and the outcome of selection when it occurs at the community level. Our results provide a means for exploring how this process leads to large‐scale community evolutionary change, and they identify the circumstances in which selection may routinely act at the community level.
An optimization model based on temperature field and series–parallel structure for battery‐package of a stratospheric airship
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Zhaojie , Zhang Yanlei , Wang Xuwei , Gao Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStratospheric airships are long‐endurance flight platforms that utilize renewable energy systems. The solar array in these systems cannot generate electricity at night; only an energy storage battery pack can be used to power the entire system. Therefore, accurate modeling and estimation of the output characteristics and operating conditions of battery packs have become the focus of current research. During the actual flight of an airship, uneven temperature distribution causes changes in the output characteristics and differences in the cell voltage of the battery packs. To address this problem, this study establishes an output characteristic model, series–parallel structure coupled with a temperature field model (SPTM), for a battery pack based on the series–parallel structure of a single cell. In addition, the influence of temperature distribution was considered in the model. Then, a flight verification test was conducted, and the test data and simulation data were compared. The average absolute error of the SPTM was maintained at approximately 0.61 V, which accurately reflected the output characteristics of the battery pack. The simulation model was then used to study the cell voltage difference under changes in the temperature distribution and demonstrate the relationship between the cell voltage difference and temperature difference.