bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment depth and accretion shape belowground mangrove carbon stocks across a range of climatic and geologic settings
Authors: Costa Matthew T. , Ezcurra Exequiel , Ezcurra Paula , Salinas‐de‐León Pelayo , Turner Benjamin , Kumagai Joy , Leichter James , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimating the long‐term sedimentary carbon sinks of mangroves and other blue carbon ecosystems has rapidly become a focus of coastal research and conservation attention. Sampling coverage, however, remains low, with sediment cores sparsely distributed across a subset of mangrove environmental settings globally. Furthermore, the ecological and geological drivers of variation in these stocks remain incompletely understood. We assessed the limits of mangrove sedimentary carbon storage by sampling sediments in diverse mangrove environments across four geographic areas: the volcanic Galapagos, the arid Baja Peninsula, and the geologically and climatically distinct Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama. At 80 sites across these areas, we quantified the organic carbon density, sampled with depth, of entire sediment columns. Depth‐integrated carbon stocks are highly variable, from <17 to >1700 MgCorg ha−1. The positive relationship between sediment carbon density and annual rainfall demonstrated in global studies was not observed across these areas, though some carbon density differences were evident. Variation in sediment depth, ranging from 7 to 427 cm across sites, largely explained variation in carbon stock across the areas studied. These results underscore the importance of using measurements of sediment depth to estimate carbon stock. Long‐term geomorphological processes, such as the build‐up of sediment deposits shaped by coastal dynamics, play a major role in shaping mangrove carbon stocks. Investigating and accounting for these processes will enable more accurate estimation of this variable and valuable carbon pool.
Electrospun Membranes of Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(butylene/2‐butyl,2‐ethyl‐propylene succinate)
Authors: Raimondo Marialuigia , Longo Raffaele , Lotti Nadia , Soccio Michelina , Catauro Michelina , Guadagno Liberata 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene/2‐butyl,2‐ethyl‐propylene succinate) (PBSBEPS) membranes are prepared by electrospinning technique. In recent years, interest in biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, including PBS and its copolymers, is increasing as they have potential applications in various sectors such as mulching films, food packaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. In this work, the synthesized polymers are dissolved in different solvents, namely acetone, chloroform (CHCl3), methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and dimethylformamide in order to obtain the best solvent system. These solutions are then electrospun at room temperature to produce micron‐sized fibers. The variables examined in determining the optimal solution and electrospinning conditions are the solvent system used, the concentration of PBS and PBS‐based random copolymer, applied voltage, flow rate, humidity, and the distance between the needle tip and the collector, all of which have a meaningful effect on the fiber morphology. Among the various solvents used, the DCM and the less toxic CHCl3 result in fewer bead defects among fibers. Besides, an increase in PBS and PBS‐based random copolymer concentration determines the reduction of bead defects, which from 12 to 14 wt% results in bead‐free uniform fibers, when suitable processing parameters are set. Promising results, which can pave the way for the production of membranes loaded with appropriate anticancer molecules for targeted biomedical applications, are obtained.
Novel PBAT‐Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Bioresorbable Phosphate Glass Microparticles
Authors: Togliatti Elena , Pugliese Diego , Giubilini Alberto , Messori Massimo , Milanese Daniel , Sciancalepore Corrado 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiocomposites based on poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) and reinforced with micro‐particles of inorganic biodegradable phosphate glass (PG) at 2, 10, and 40 wt% are prepared and characterized from a mechanical and morphological point of view. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show a good dispersion of the PG micro‐grains, even at high concentrations, in the PBAT matrix, resulting in homogeneous composites. Tensile and dynamic‐mechanical tests, respectively, indicate that Young's and storage moduli increase with PG concentration. The reinforcement of PBAT aims at modifying and tailoring the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the material to expand its application field especially in the food and agricultural packaging sector, thanks to the similarity of PBAT performance with polyethylene.
Production of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments for Additive Manufacturing using Recycled Carbon Fibers
Authors: Giani Niccolò , Ortolani Jacopo , Mazzocchetti Laura , Benelli Tiziana , Picchioni Francesco , Giorgini Loris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present work reports the use of recycled carbon fibers (rCF), obtained from pyro‐gasification treatment of carbon fibers reinforced polymers (CFRP), to produce a thermoplastic composite filament for additive manufacturing, in particular fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. Polylactic acid (PLA), a thermoplastic biobased and biodegradable polymer, is used as matrix for the composite filament, as it is the most common plastic used in FDM due to its good mechanical properties, stiffness, and strength. Upon production process optimization, filaments with rCF loadings of 5 and 10% wt are produced and analyzed. A particular attention is devoted to the evaluation of the production process on the carbon fibers (CFs) length and the study of the thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials.
Development of PLA/Microcellulose Biocomposite Filaments for 3D Printing
Authors: Incarnato Loredana , Nobile Maria Rossella , Scarfato Paola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work is aimed to develop, by means of conventional extrusion technologies for polymer processing, novel poly(lactide)/microcrystalline cellulose (PLA/MCC) filaments for 3D printing. The biocomposite filaments, produced at four different MCC loadings (6, 9, 12, and 18 wt%) by melt blending in extruder, are characterized in terms of rheological, thermal, and mechanical response. The analyses demonstrate that the MCC addition up to 12 wt% does not significantly modify the viscoelastic flow behavior of the matrix, and does not change its phase transition temperatures, but increases the storage modulus at 35°C by over 45%.
Reversible Stress‐Driven and Stress‐Free Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect in a Sol‐Gel Crosslinked Polycaprolactone
Authors: Inverardi Nicoletta , Pandini Stefano , Gemmo Gabriele , Toselli Maurizio , Messori Massimo , Scalet Giulia , Auricchio Ferdinando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe two‐way shape memory effect is the ability of a material to change its shape between two configurations upon application and removal of a stimulus, and, among shape memory polymers, it is featured only by few systems, such as semicrystalline networks. When studied under tensile conditions, it consists of elongation–contraction cycles along cooling and heating across the crystallization and melting region, typically under the application of a constant load. However, recent studies on crosslinked semicrystalline co‐polymers demonstrate that also a completely stress‐free, or self‐sustained, two‐way effect may be achieved through specific thermomechanical cycles. This effect is currently regarded with interest for the development of intrinsically reversible sensors and actuators, and it may also be displayed by simpler materials, as homopolymer‐based semicrystalline networks. Only seldom articles investigate this possibility, therefore in this work the two‐way shape memory behavior is studied on a poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) system, crosslinked by means of a sol‐gel approach. The effect is studied both under stress‐driven and stress‐free condition, by applying properly set‐up thermo‐mechanical histories. The results allow to describe the effect as a function of temperature, to reveal the dependence on specific testing parameters and to compare the extent of the reversible strain variation under these two conditions.
Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Adhesives
Authors: Verde Raffaele , Grassia Luigi , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper the viscoelastic behavior of different soft adhesives with substantially similar adhesive performance is analyzed in the light of a Slip‐Tube Model. In this model, the junction points between network chains and virtual chains are replaced by slip‐links attached to fluctuating ends of virtual chains. The slip‐links are allowed to slide along the contour of the network chains but not pass through each other. The predictions of the slip‐tube model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data on uniaxial deformation of soft adhesive networks. Furthermore, the study shows that some adhesive performances can be described qualitatively by Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS), and the in‐service properties can be described with adhesives with different viscoelastic spectra. Highly nonlinear uniaxial stretching tests reveal deeper insights into the description of the adhesives performances. Some well‐established models are adopted and slightly modified by introducing the rate‐dependence of their physical parameters to describe the response of soft adhesive to stretching.
Development and validation of a clinical–radiomics model to predict recurrence for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Ren Yiyue , Bo Linlin , Shen Bo , Yang Jing , Xu Shufeng , Shen Weiqiang , Chen Hao , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Haipeng , Cai Xiujun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeRecurrence is the leading cause of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with curative resection. In this study, we aimed to develop a preoperative predictive model based on high‐throughput radiomics features and clinical factors for prediction of long‐ and short‐term recurrence for these patients.MethodsA total of 270 patients with HCC who were followed up for at least 5 years after curative hepatectomy between June 2014 and December 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Regions of interest were manually delineated in preoperative T2‐weighted images using ITK‐SNAP software on each HCC tumor slice. A total of 1197 radiomics features were extracted, and the recursive feature elimination method based on logistic regression was used for radiomics signature building. Tenfold cross‐validation was applied for model development. Nomograms were constructed and assessed by calibration plot, which compares nomogram‐predicated probability with observed outcome. Receiver‐operating characteristic was then generated to evaluate the predictive performance of the model in the development and test cohorts.ResultsThe 10 most recurrence‐free survival‐related radiomics features were selected for the radiomics signatures. A multiparametric clinical–radiomics model combining albumin and radiomics score for recurrence prediction was further established. The integrated model demonstrated good calibration and satisfactory discrimination, with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.864, 95% CI 0.842–0.903, sensitivity of 0.889, and specificity of 0.644 in the test set. Calibration curve showed good agreement concerning 5‐year recurrence risk predicted by the nomogram. In addition, the AUC of 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year recurrence was 0.935 (95% CI 0.836–1.000), 0.861 (95% CI 0.723–0.999), 0.878 (95% CI 0.762–0.994), and 0.878 (95% CI 0.762–0.994) in the test set, respectively.ConclusionsThe clinical–radiomics model integrating radiomics features and clinical factors can improve recurrence predictions beyond predictions made using clinical factors or radiomics features alone. Our clinical–radiomics model is a valid method to predict recurrence that should improve preoperative prognostic performance and allow more individualized treatment decisions.
Assessing Habitat Availability in a Hydrodynamic Reservoir System
Authors: Schriener William , Koupal Keith , Wuellner Melissa , Ranglack Dustin H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Habitats may become unavailable to fish in reservoirs at different water elevations. Coves are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss, as these peripheral zones may become isolated from the main reservoir. Quantifying habitat loss at different water elevation reductions and estimating the cost of replacing specific types of habitat or maintaining a target percentage of total habitat cover can help fisheries managers to plan for habitat restoration projects in reservoirs. We used side-scan sonar to estimate areas of rock, tree, and brush habitat in one cove within Harlan County Reservoir, Nebraska, and used quotes for materials, placement, and personnel from recent habitat restoration projects to estimate replacement and maintenance costs. Materials included riprap rock, cedar trees, and those needed to construct Georgia cubes. Overall, rock, brush, and trees covered a total of 2% of the cove at conservation pool. Rock habitat covered 10 times more area than brush and 100 times more area than trees. All habitats became unavailable when water elevation decreased by 3.5–4.0 m. The cost to replace each habitat type increased as water elevation decreased, and the total cost to replace all habitat at 3.5 m of elevation loss was US$390,000. The cost to maintain the original area of habitat available in the cove (2% of the total cove area) increased for each type of habitat but only until water elevation decreased by 2.5 m. At this point, the total cost to maintain similar habitat coverage was $219,000. Climatic variability may lead to greater oscillations of water elevations in reservoirs, making the vertical distribution of available habitat even more relevant to management planning. The findings of this study serve as an example for how managers can identify the vertical distribution of available habitats and estimate costs for habitat restorations.
The ability of critical care nurses to identify pressure injury and incontinence‐associated dermatitis: A multicentre cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Liu Huan , Du Aiping , Tian Yongming , Gao Mingrong , Ji Shuming , Mi Jie , Shao Xiaoping , Huang Debin , Cao Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the ability of critical care nurses to identify pressure injury and incontinence‐associated dermatitis and analyse the possible influencing factors.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsThis study was conducted at 24 hospitals across 12 provinces in China. A self‐made electronic questionnaire was used. Nurses identified and judged injuries according to the information provided.ResultsThe average identification score for pressure injury and incontinence‐associated dermatitis was 9.00 ± 3.51 points, and only 2.16% of nurses scored ≥16 points. The average correct identification rate for pressure injury and incontinence‐associated dermatitis was 45%. The correct identification rate for stage 1 pressure injury was the highest, while those for stage 3, stage 4, deep tissue pressure injury and unstageable pressure injury were all lower than 50%; incontinence‐associated dermatitis was also easily misjudged. Nurses' educational backgrounds, professional titles, job positions, hospital levels and learning frequency were the factors that affected their ability to identify pressure injury and incontinence‐associated dermatitis.
Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among stroke survivors in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abuadas Fuad H. , Ayasrah Shahnaz M. , Ahmad Muayyad M. , Abu‐Snieneh Hana M. , Obiedallah Hayyaf F. , Basheti Iman A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD) in Saudi Arabia and its association with socio‐demographic and clinical factors.DesignA predictive correlational cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study adopted a non‐probability convenience sampling method to recruit 211 stroke survivors between April and October 2021 from the neurology outpatient departments of two main governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. PSD was measured using a self‐assessment reliable and valid scale (The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]).ResultsMore than two‐thirds (70.6%) of the study sample (Mean age = 53 years, SD = 8.5, 51.2% were males) experienced some degree of depression (Score ≥8); of these, approximately half (48.8%) were in severe depression. The final prediction model was statistically significant (χ2 [15] = 31.39, p ˂ .01). PSD is a statistically significant health issue and requires immediate attention by healthcare providers to improve the health outcomes of stroke survivors.
Effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotube localization on toughening mechanism and electrical properties of compatibilized PP/EOC immiscible blend
Authors: Morshedi Fatemeh , Tarashi Sara , Nazockdast Hossein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToughness modification of polypropylene (PP), a widely used polymer in industry, is an important factor in overcoming mechanical limitations and extending its scope of application. In the present work, we utilized a combination of nanoparticle and elastomer techniques to enhance the toughness of PP. Accordingly, the nanocomposite blends, including PP, ethylene octene copolymer (EOC), and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), were prepared through three different feeding methods (direct, sequential, and masterbatch). The results demonstrated that the different feeding methods significantly affect the localization and dispersion degree of the MWCNTs, and hence, toughness modification. The results also showed that the sequential is the most effective method to prepare the nanocomposites with the reinforced fracture toughness so that the addition of 2 phr MWCNTs to the PP/EOC blend leads to a high impact strength (=351.61 J/m). Because in this feeding method, most of the highly dispersed MWCNTs can be selectively located in the EOC particles as well as the interface, which can not only intensify the interfacial interactions between the two phases but also help the stress transfer and superposition of stress fields. Moreover, it was shown that in the sequential method, the MWCNTs could facilitate the creation of electrically conductive pathways as a result of nanoparticle bridging and the formation of an interconnected percolating network, therefore increasing the electrical properties.
Utilization of nonguideline concordant antibiotic treatment following acute otitis media in children in the United States
Authors: McGrath Leah J. , Frost Holly M. , Newland Jason G. , O'Neil Caroline A. , Sahrmann John M. , Ma Yinjiao , Butler Anne M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeAcute otitis media (AOM) is a common indication for antibiotics in children. We sought to characterize the frequency of nonguideline concordant antibiotic therapy for AOM in the United States, by agent and duration.MethodsUsing national administrative claims data (2016–2019), we identified children aged 6 months to 17 years with an oral antibiotic dispensed within 3 days of a new diagnosis of suppurative AOM. Use of nonguideline concordant agents and durations, defined based on national treatment guidelines, were summarized by age, race, rurality, region, and insurance type. Subsequent oral antibiotic dispensing within the year after AOM diagnosis was also evaluated. We created sunburst diagrams to visualize longitudinal patterns of within‐person antibiotic utilization for AOM, by agent and duration.ResultsWe identified 789 424 eligible commercially‐insured and 502 239 medicaid‐insured children. Among commercially insured children, 35% received nonguideline concordant agents for AOM, including cefdinir (16%), amoxicillin‐clavulanate (12%), and azithromycin (7%). Fewer children age <2 years received a nonguideline concordant initial agent (27%) compared to age ≥6 years (41%). More children age <2 years received three or more antibiotics over the following year (34% vs. 3% for children age ≥6 years). The most common treatment duration was 10 days for all ages; treatment duration for the initial antibiotic was nonguideline concordant for 95% and 89% of children age 2–5 years and ≥6 years, respectively. Patterns were similar for medicaid‐insured children.ConclusionsNonguideline concordant antibiotic use is common when treating AOM in children, including use of broad‐spectrum agents and longer‐than‐recommended antibiotic durations.
The mental health and suicide prevention training module of the French sanitary service: Effectiveness on health students
Authors: Wathelet Marielle , Dezetree Arnaud , Guénard Cécile , Duhem Stéphane , Chouraki Vincent , Thomas Pierre , Aly Pierrine , Notredame Charles‐Edouard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince 2018, a Sanitary Service for Health Students (SSHS) is being implemented throughout France. All French health students must complete their SSHS choosing one of the modules proposed by their institution to be trained to the principles of prevention and then bring them to carry out prevention and health promotion actions in their respective region. A controlled pre/postdesign was conducted to assess the impact of the Mental Health and Suicide Prevention (MHSP) training module on health students. Students assigned to this module were considered as exposed, and students assigned to any other module as unexposed. Health students from the Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais region involved in the SSHS during the school year 2018–2019 were asked to answer a self‐administered questionnaire before (September 2018), and after completing their SSHS (May 2019). A total of 144 matched participants (48 in the exposed group and 96 in the unexposed group) were analyzed. When comparing the exposed group to the unexposed group, satisfaction with the training was greater (4.7 vs. 3.6 out of 5, p < 0.001), self‐confidence in professional capacities improved (+1.8 vs. −0.2, p = 0.038), students were more likely to report having identified (68% vs. 48%, p = 0.043) or helped (66% vs. 18%, p < 0.001) someone, as well as having consulted for a mental health issue (13% vs. 4%, p = 0.008). In conclusion, the MHSP training module improves health students' confidence in their professional abilities to help distressed people, promotes supportive behaviors of health students, and reinforces their help‐seeking behaviors. It could be a useful tool for suicide prevention.