bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy capacity and rise of data‐based policy innovation labs
Authors: Kim Sojeong , Wellstead Adam M. , Heikkila Tanya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn scarcely a decade, a “labification” phenomenon has taken hold globally. The search for innovative policy solutions for social problems is embedded within scientific experimental‐like structures often referred to as policy innovation labs (PILs). With the rapid technological changes (e.g., big data, artificial intelligence), data‐based PILs have emerged. Despite the growing importance of these PILs in the policy process, very little is known about them and how they contribute to policy outcomes. This study analyzes 133 data‐based PILs and examines their contribution to policy capacity. We adopt policy capacity framework to investigate how data‐based PILs contribute to enhancing analytical, organization, and political policy capacity. Many data‐based PILs are located in Western Europe and North America, initiated by governments, and employ multi‐domain administrative data with advanced technologies. Our analysis finds that data‐based PILs enhance analytical and operational policy capacity at the individual, organizational and systemic levels but do little to enhance political capacity. It is this deficit that we suggest possible strategies for data‐based PILs.
Latent groups and latent traits of participation in bullying via factor mixture analysis: An exploratory study
Authors: Belacchi Carmen , Altoè Giammarco , Caravita Simona C. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we drew on a person‐centred approach to explore forms of involvement and roles in bullying. More specifically, we applied Factor Mixture Analysis (FMA) to an in‐depth measure of bullying roles, with a view to identifying latent dimensions of participation in bullying and latent groups characterised by differential behavioural patterns. Participants were 899 high school students (51% females) attending the 9th (49%) and 11th grades (51%). The data analysis revealed six latent behavioural dispositions. Four of these overlapped with behavioural patterns typical of previously identified forms of participation in bullying, while two factors shed new light on bullying behaviours. We also identified four latent groups, whose profiles were only partially aligned with the roles previously theorised in the literature.
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers
Authors: McNamara Kaitlyn L. , Fox‐Alvarez William Alexander , Colee James C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the transoral endoscopic arytenopexy (TEA) and evaluate its effects on the rima glottis area (RGA) and laryngeal epiglottic‐glottic seal (LEGS). We hypothesize the TEA will be a feasible surgical technique and the TEA will provide a significant increase in RGA with minimal change to the LEGS.Study designCanine cadaveric model.AnimalsFifteen medium‐ to large‐breed canine cadavers.MethodsEndoscopic photos of the larynx were taken with the epiglottis open for baseline RGA measurement and closed for baseline measurement of exposed RGA and LEGS. A custom endoscopic gag port (EGP) facilitated the TEA, performed by suturing the lateral aspect of the left arytenoid soft tissues to adjacent pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess. Endoscopic photos were repeated to measure changes in RGA and LEGS. A computerized planimetric analysis program was used to calculate baseline RGA and LEGS. The RGA was reported in % change from baseline. The LEGS was reported as intact or altered. A nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare baseline to post‐TEA RGA.ResultsThe mean baseline RGA was 0.52 ± 0.28 cm3and mean post‐TEA RGA was 0.78 ± 0.37 cm3(p‐value < .0001). The LEGS remained intact post‐TEA in all cadavers.ConclusionsThe TEA was technically feasible and resulted in an increase in RGA while maintaining the LEGS.Clinical significanceThe TEA may provide a minimally invasive addition to the established techniques for reducing airway resistance while minimizing the impact on the LEGS.
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia parasites in reservoir host species in Fujian province, Southeast China
Authors: Zeng Zhiwei , Zhou Shuheng , Xu Guoying , Liu Weijun , Han Tengwei , Liu Jing , Wang Jiaxiong , Deng Yanqin , Xiao Fangzhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBabesiosis is a tick‐borne disease that mainly affects small mammals and has been reported in at least five provinces in China. However, the host range and geographical distribution of the parasite in Fujian province are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Babesia in Fujian province, Southeast China, between 2015 and 2020. Rodent blood samples were collected from 26 different surveillance sites across Fujian province. Genomic DNA was extracted to screen for Babesia infection using polymerase chain reaction based on 18S rRNA. DNA samples from 316 domestic goats, 85 water buffalo, 56 domestic dogs and 18 domestic pigs were examined. The prevalence of Babesia was statistically analysed using the Chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test. Babesia infections were detected in 3.96% (43/1,087; 95%CI: 2.80%, 5.12%) of rodents and 1.26% (6/475; 95%CI: 0.26%, 2.26%) of other mammals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that irrigated cropland, shrubs and forests were risk factors for Babesia microti infections. The infection rates among domestic pigs, dogs and goats were 5.56%, 1.79% and 1.27%, respectively, with no infection found in water buffalo. The 18S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that rodents were infected with Babesia (sensu lato), whereas other mammals were infected with Babesia (sensu stricto). The geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationship of Babesia was determined in Southeast China. Mammals, particularly wild rodents, maybe the main natural hosts of Babesia in Fujian. Our findings provide a foundation for public health officials to develop prevention and control measures for Babesia.
Validation Analysis of Medium-Scale Methanol Pool Fire
Authors: Kirsch Jared , Fathi Nima , Hubbard Joshua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 30-cm diameter methanol pool fire was modeled using Sandia National Laboratories SIERRA/Fuego turbulent reacting flow code. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with subgrid turbulent kinetic energy closure was used as the turbulence model. Combustion was modeled and simulated using a strained laminar flamelet library approach. Radiative heat transfer was modeled using the gray-gas approximation. In this investigation, the area validation metric (AVM) is employed to examine simulation results against experimental data. Time-averaged values of temperature and axial velocity at multiple locations along the domain centerline are analyzed for two computational meshes. Two time ranges for averaging temperature and axial velocity are evaluated, and the relationship between the results and the underlying physics is mentioned. Flame height is estimated using an intermittency definition, and the effect of the threshold variable is discussed. Temperature and mixture fraction were used as threshold variables, and the sensitivity of flame height to changes in each is examined. This study aims to increase understanding of the simulation results in light of a specific validation metric, and serve as a start to further validation studies.
Verification Assessment of Thermal Models in Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of Small-Scale Heat Sinks
Authors: Pourghasemi Mahyar , Fathi Nima 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the shell conduction approach available in the Ansys Fluent 19.2 software for heat transfer calculation in cladded miniature heat sinks. The validation process is conducted first to verify the accuracy and reliability of the developed numerical procedure to study convective heat transfer in small-scale heat sinks. Moreover, modified solution verification is developed and performed to evaluate the performance of the shell conduction model in different cladded miniature heat sinks. Laminar water and turbulent liquid sodium (Na) flows and heat transfer within cladded miniature and minichannel heat sinks are investigated respectively. The cladding layer thickness varies between 0.5–1 mm while the cladding layer thermal conductivity covers a range of 4–17 (W/mK).
The Influence of Exercise, Lifestyle Behavior Components, and Physical Fitness on Maternal Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Acosta-Manzano Pedro , Acosta Francisco M. , Coll-Risco Irene , Romero-Gallardo Lidia , Flor-Alemany Marta , Martínez-González Luis J. , Alvarez-Cubero María Jesús , Segura-Jiménez Víctor , Aparicio Virginia A. 
Published: July 2022

This study examines (a) the influence of exercise, lifestyle behavior components (sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep and dietary patterns), and physical fitness on maternal weight gain, postpartum weight retention, and excessive gestational weight gain and (b) whether exercise protects against the adverse effects of impaired metabolism and nonoptimal body composition related to excessive gestational weight gain. Subjects were assigned to either a supervised concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise program followed 3 days/week (n = 47) or a control group (n = 54). Sedentary time, physical activity, sleep and dietary patterns (assessed by accelerometry and questionnaires), muscle strength (handgrip test), and cardiorespiratory fitness (Bruce test) were determined at gestational Weeks 16 and 33 (early-middle and late pregnancy, respectively), and at 6 weeks postpartum. Weight gain and weight retention were calculated using recorded weights at prepregnancy, early-middle, and late pregnancy, and at 6 weeks postpartum. Birth complications, maternal postpartum body composition, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory markers in maternal and umbilical cord arterial and venous blood, and in colostrum, and mature milk were also recorded. The exercise intervention reduced late weight gain (B = −2.7, SE = 0.83, p = .003) and weight retention (B = −2.85, SE = 1.3, p = .03), independent of any lifestyle behavior component or physical fitness, but did not prevent excessive weight gain. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and sleep duration were associated with a smaller mean weight gain and lower excessive weight gain values (p < .05). Among the participants who experienced excessive weight gain, those who were exercisers had a lower body mass index and systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration, lower umbilical cord venous tumor necrosis factor-alpha and arterial interferon gamma levels, higher cord arterial interleukin-10 levels, and improved placental function compared with controls (p < .05). In summary, exercise may help optimize gestational weight gain and weight retention, and may attenuate the impaired phenotype related to excessive weight gain. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and sleep duration might help to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Impact of Perceived Safety and Barriers on Physical Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study
Authors: De Roza Jacqueline Giovanna , Ng David Wei Liang , Wang Chunyan , Soh Cindy Seok Chin , Goh Ling Jia , Mathew Blessy Koottappal , Jose Teena , Tan Chwee Yan , Goh Kar Cheng 
Published: July 2022

This descriptive cross-sectional mixed methods study conducted in Singapore aimed to describe community-dwelling older adults’ differences in physical activity (PA) based on perceived safety to exercise, barriers to PA, and preferred modes of PA during a pandemic. Out of 268 older adults, 25.4% felt unsafe to exercise during the pandemic. More participants who felt unsafe were aged 75 years and older (72.1% vs. 57.0%, p = .028) and lacked formal education (54.4% vs. 37.0%, p = .040). Barriers included difficulties exercising with masks, family concerns, and exercise center closures. Those who felt unsafe were significantly more likely to exercise at home and had significantly shorter duration of exercise and walks per week (2.72 vs. 4.50 hr, p = .002). Perceived barriers and exercise preferences should be considered when developing programs to improve older adults’ PA during pandemics.
Usual and Pressure-Affected Thinking in Skilled Golfers: A Survey of Preparation and Execution Thought Processes
Authors: Roberts Leo J. , Jackson Mervyn S. , Grundy Ian H. 
Published: July 2022

There are numerous studies of expert golfers’ thought processes, but few have examined thinking during both shot preparation and execution. This study had skilled golfers (N = 95, mean handicap = 1.5) complete a mixed-methods survey about their preparation/execution thoughts (a) in usual competitive circumstances and (b) during past experiences of choking. The results provided rare documentation of the ways that highly skilled golfers occupy their minds throughout the whole shot-making process. Moreover, the data allowed comparison of what golfers prefer to focus on and what the sport psychology literature recommends as optimal. The clearest gap that emerged was widespread use of deliberate or multifaceted thought during execution, against classical recommendations to swing with a quiet mind. The examination of choking implied that conscious interference was a more common rationalization for choking than previously reported. Implications for practice are discussed.
“I think people have been in survival mode”: a qualitative study of community connectivity in a neighbourhood of North East England before and during COVID-19
Authors: Cheetham Mandy , Gorman Sarah , Pollard Fiona , Ward Stephen , Wiseman Alice 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine whether and how community-centred approaches facilitate community connectivity by exploring changes that matter to communities.DesignQualitative study comprising ethnographic methods, participant observation and interviews.Setting Economically deprived neighbourhood of North East England.ParticipantsInterviews with community members (n=14) and staff and stakeholders (n=14) involved in a National Lottery Community-funded initiative and 567 hours of participatory observation were undertaken between September 2019 and July 2020. Data were thematically analysed using a community-centred public health framework.ResultsCommunities experiencing disadvantage approached the pandemic adversely affected by stigma, austerity and reductions in public sector funding. Community members’ priorities centred on the environment, housing, activities for children and young people, crime, community safety and area reputation. Multiagency efforts to promote connectivity, led by voluntary and community sector organisations, were prerequisites in community-centred approaches to public health. Stakeholders reported that these approaches can help alleviate some of the health, social and financial burdens facing communities that are marginalised. Findings suggest community-centred responses were facilitated by trusting relationships, visionary leadership and lived experience of adversity among staff. Issues which appeared to hamper progress included interorganisational power dynamics and attempts to impose solutions. The strength of stakeholders’ connections to the area and to people living there contributed to laying the foundations for local responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relational, values-informed work with communities provided a platform to mobilise recovery assets.ConclusionsWhole-system approaches, codesigned with communities most affected, can help address the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and its negative effects on health and social inequalities. Further comparative implementation research is needed to examine the partnerships, values and principles that drive success and inclusion.
Medico-legal litigation of UK physiotherapists in relation to cauda equina syndrome: a multimethods study
Authors: Yeowell Gillian , Leech Rachel , Greenhalgh Susan , Willis Emma , Selfe James 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the extent of cauda equina syndrome (CES) litigation and explore the process of medico-legal litigation in relation to physiotherapy in the UK.DesignA multimethods inquiry that followed on from a previously conducted scoping literature review was undertaken to address the aim. This included freedom of information requests and direct communication with relevant stakeholders and organisations.ResultsA total of 2496 CES claims were found in the UK between 2012 and 2020. 51 of these were attributed to physiotherapists. There was little information available to physiotherapists regarding the legal process of litigation and much of this information was not from a physiotherapist’s perspective.ConclusionThis is the first study that has investigated the extent and process of CES litigation in physiotherapy in the UK. The extent of CES litigation appears to be high considering CES is a rare spinal condition. Furthermore, the extent of CES litigation is suspected to be considerably higher than the data reported in this study due to the issues identified in how CES claims are recorded. Finally, there is no clearly articulated, easily accessible information describing the process and support available for physiotherapists in receipt of a legal claim.
Moderate-to-vigorous group aerobic exercise versus group leisure activities for mild-to-moderate depression in adolescents: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mortazavi Rebecca , Lalouni Maria , Grudin Rebecca , Serlachius Eva , Sundberg Carl Johan , Norrbom Jessica , Larsson Ingrid , Haglund Emma , Ivarsson Andreas , Lenhard Fabian , Cronqvist Tina , Ingemarsson Kristina , Mårsell Åsa , Rask Olof , Jarbin Håkan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionDepression is common, increasing among adolescents and carries risk of disability, lower educational achievements, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, self-harm and suicide. The effects of evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy are modest. Aerobic exercise is a promising intervention for adolescents with depression, but available studies are hampered by methodological shortcomings. This study aims to evaluate aerobic group exercise versus an active comparator of leisure group activities in adolescents from clinical services with mild-to-moderate depression.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial at four psychiatric clinics in Sweden. Participants (n=122) will be randomised 1:1 to group exercise delivered by exercise professionals and supported by mental health (MH) workers or leisure activities lead by the same MH workers for 1 hour three times a week for 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed at baseline, single blind after 13 weeks and 26 weeks and openly after 1 year. Participants randomised to the leisure group will be offered exercise in the open phase. The primary outcome is clinician-rated Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Secondary outcomes are self-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-rated functioning; clinician-rated improvement and functioning; objectively measured aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition and presence or activity of selected biological markers of neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in blood samples. Further outcomes are cost-effectiveness and adolescents’, parents’ and coaches’ experiences of the interventions and an exploration of how the adolescents’ health and lifestyle are influenced by the interventions through qualitative interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Ref. 2021-05307-01). Informed consent in writing will be provided from patients and parents of participants below 15 years of age. The results of this study will be communicated to the included participants and healthcare providers and also submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05076214.
Development and wildfire dynamics of dry coastal temperate forests, BC, Canada
Authors: Brown K.J. , Hebda N.J.R. , Hebda R.J. , Fitton R. , Trofymow J.A. , Conder N. 
Published: July 2022

The vegetation and fire history at the Coastal Douglas-fir (CDF) and Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) boundary on east-central Vancouver Island was reconstructed. A basal non-arboreal assemblage at the most inland site likely represents an open parkland community during the cold early late-glacial interval. Widespread Pinus woodland followed under cold, dry climate, yielding to closed-canopy mixed conifer forest as climate moistened. While fire disturbance was initially rare, it increased in the late-glacial mixed conifer forest. In the early-Holocene, dry coastal temperate forest replaced the mixed-conifer assemblage. Fire disturbance was widespread, characterized by frequent, possibly lower severity burns. These CDF-like forests expanded northward and westward under warm, dry conditions, attaining maximum extent 9500 – 10 500 calendar years before present, retreating thereafter towards the modern CDF–CWH boundary, which established ∼6000 years ago as climate moistened. Quercus garryana communities were scattered along the coast at this time, maintained by surface fire. Throughout the remainder of the record, the forest canopy closed as modern forests developed and a mixed-severity fire regime developed. The extended early-Holocene range of CDF-like forest suggests that the existing CWHxm biogeoclimatic subzone may be replaced by CDF stands with climate change.
Rescaling the isospin triangle argument for constraining $$\phi _2$$ ($$\alpha$$): Consolidating Belle II and a potential path forward for LHCb
Authors: Dalseno J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA rescaling of the SU(2) isospin triangles constraining $$\phi _2$$

ϕ
2

($$\alpha$$
α
) that relies on measurements of the experimentally cleaner relative branching fractions, as opposed to those absolute, is proposed. Paving the way towards more systematically sustainable analysis, this method promises to eliminate a dominant systematic at Belle II amongst others, namely the uncertainty on the number of $$B {\bar{B}}$$

B

B

¯

pairs in data. Furthermore, a $$\phi _2$$

ϕ
2

constraint in the $$B \rightarrow \rho \rho$$

B
→
ρ
ρ

system at LHCb that is more independent of Belle II input is shown to become viable even without a measurement of $$C\!P$$

C

P

violation in $$B^0 \rightarrow \rho ^+\rho ^-$$

B
0

→

ρ
+

ρ
-

.