bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database
Authors: Petri Laís , Beaury Evelyn M. , Corbin Jeffrey , Peach Kristen , Sofaer Helen , Pearse Ian S. , Early Regan , Barnett David T. , Ibáñez Inés , Peet Robert K. , Schafale Michael , Wentworth Thomas R. , Vanderhorst James P. , Zaya David N. , Spyreas Greg , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe movement of plant species across the globe exposes native communities to new species introductions. While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become invasive at one location may not be invasive in others; impacts depend on invader abundance and recipient species and conditions. Accounting for these phenomena is essential to accurately understand the patterns of plant invasion and explain the idiosyncratic results reflected in the literature on biological invasions. The lack of community‐level richness and the abundance of data spanning broad scales and environmental conditions have until now hindered our understanding of invasions at a macroecological scale. To address this limitation, we leveraged quantitative surveys of plant communities in the USA and integrated and harmonized nine datasets into the Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status (SPCIS) database. The database contains 14,056 unique taxa identified within 83,391 sampling units, of which 52.6% have at least one introduced species. The SPCIS database includes comparable information on plant species occurrence, abundance, and native status across the 50 U.S. States and Puerto Rico. SPCIS can be used to answer macro‐scale questions about native plant communities and interactions with invasive plants. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and we ask the users of this dataset to cite this paper, the respective paper(s) corresponding to the dataset sampling design (all references are provided in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class II‐B‐2), and the references described in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class III‐B‐4 as applicable to the dataset being utilized.
Statistical inference for seed mortality and germination with seed bank experiments
Authors: Siegmund Gregor‐Fausto , Geber Monica A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant population ecologists regularly study soil seed banks with seed bag burial and seed addition experiments. These experiments contribute crucial data to demographic models, but we lack standard methods to analyze them. Here, we propose statistical models to estimate seed mortality and germination with observations from these experiments. We develop these models following the principles of event history analysis, and analyze their identifiability and statistical properties by algebraic methods and simulation. We demonstrate that seed bag burial, but not seed addition experiments, can be used to make inferences about age‐dependent mortality and germination. When mortality and germination do not change with seed age, both experiments produce unbiased estimates but seed bag burial experiments are more precise. However, seed mortality and germination estimates may be inaccurate when the statistical model that is fit makes incorrect assumptions about the age dependence of mortality and germination. The statistical models and simulations that we present here can be adopted and modified by plant population ecologists to strengthen inferences about seed mortality and germination in the soil seed bank.
The coupling of green and brown food webs regulates trophic position in a montane mammal guild
Authors: Manlick Philip J. , Cook Joseph A. , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFood web ecology has revolutionized our understanding of ecological processes, but the drivers of food web properties like trophic position (TP) and food chain length are notoriously enigmatic. In terrestrial ecosystems, above‐ and belowground systems were historically compartmentalized into “green” and “brown” food webs, but the coupling of these systems by animal consumers is increasingly recognized, with potential consequences for trophic structure. We used stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of individual amino acids to trace the flow of essential biomolecules and jointly measure multichannel feeding, food web coupling, and TP in a guild of small mammals. We then tested the hypothesis that brown energy fluxes to aboveground consumers increase terrestrial food chain length via cryptic trophic transfers during microbial decomposition. We found that the average small mammal consumer acquired nearly 70% of their essential amino acids (69.0% ± 7.6%) from brown food webs, leading to significant increases in TP across species and functional groups. Fungi were the primary conduit of brown energy to aboveground consumers, providing nearly half the amino acid budget for small mammals on average (44.3% ± 12.0%). These findings illustrate the tightly coupled nature of green and brown food webs and show that microbially mediated energy flow ultimately regulates food web structure in aboveground consumers. Consequently, we propose that the integration of green and brown energy channels is a cryptic driver of food chain length in terrestrial ecosystems.
Enhanced Ion‐Selective Diffusion Achieved by Supramolecular Interaction for High Thermovoltage and Thermal Stability
Authors: Ke Jiale , Zhao Xing , Yang Jie , Ke Kai , Wang Yu , Yang Mingbo , Yang Wei 
Published: December 2022

Thermoelectric (TE) generators capable of converting thermal energy into applicable electricity have gained great popularity among emerging energy conversion technologies. Biopolymer‐based ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) materials are promising candidates for energy conversion systems because of their wide sources, innocuity, and low manufacturing cost. However, common physically crosslinked biopolymer gels induced by single hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interaction suffer from low differential thermal voltage and poor thermodynamic stability. Here, we develop a novel i‐TE gel with supramolecular structures through multiple noncovalent interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and gelatin molecular chains. The thermopower and thermoelectric power factor of the ionic gels are as high as 2.83 mV K−1 and 18.33 μW m−1 K−2, respectively. The quasi‐solid‐state gelatin–[EMIM]DCA i‐TE cells achieve ultrahigh 2 h output energy density (E2h = 9.9 mJ m−2) under an optimal temperature range. Meanwhile, the remarkable stability of the supramolecular structure provides the i‐TE hydrogels with a thermal stability of up to 80 °C. It breaks the limitation that biopolymer‐based i‐TE gels can only be applied in the low temperature range and enables biopolymer‐based i‐TE materials to pursue better performance in a higher temperature range.
Interwoven Poly(Anthraquinonyl Sulfide) Nanosheets‐Decorated Carbon Nanotubes as Core–Sheath Heteroarchitectured Cathodes for Polymer‐Based Asymmetrical Full Batteries
Authors: Wang Yonglin , Chen Kai , Zhu Yunhai , Wang Jiazhi , Jiang Nan , Yang Yingkui 
Published: December 2022

Organic redox‐active polymers provide promising alternatives to metal‐containing inorganic compounds in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), whereas suffer from low actual capacities, poor rate/power capabilities, and inferior cycling stability. Herein, poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide)‐coated carbon nanotubes (CNT@PAQS) are readily performed by in situ polymerization to form core–sheath nanostructures. Remarkably, flower‐like PAQS nanosheets are interwoven around CNTs to synergistically create robust 3D hierarchical networks with abundant cavities, internal channels, and sufficiently‐exposed surfaces/edges, thereby promoting electron transport and making more active sites accessible for electrolytes and guest ions. Apparently, the as‐fabricated CNT@PAQS cathode delivers the large reversible capacity (200.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), high‐rate capability (161.5 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1), and impressive cycling stability (retaining 88.0% over 1000 cycles). In addition, an asymmetric full‐battery using CNT@PAQS as a cathode and cyclized polyacrylonitrile‐encapsulated CNTs as an anode is assembled that delivers a high energy density of 86.3 Wh kg−1, and retains 81.3% of initial capacity after 1000 cycles. This work opens up an efficient strategy to combine highly conductive and redox‐active phases into core–sheath heterostructures to unlock the barrier of high‐rate charge storage. The further integration of two polymer‐based electrodes into asymmetric full cells would also consolidate the development of low‐cost, sustainable, and powerful batteries.
High‐Efficiency Photo‐Induced Charge Transfer for SERS Sensing in N‐Doped 3D‐Graphene on Si Heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Guanglin , Sun Jie , Wei Genwang , Zhang Shan , He Zhengyi , Wu Huijuan , Wang Bingkun , Yang Siwei , Ding Guqiao , Liu Zhiduo , Jin Zhiwen , Ye Caichao , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2022

Nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional graphene (N‐doped 3D‐graphene) is a graphene derivative with excellent adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, high porosity, and optoelectronic properties. Herein, N‐doped 3D‐graphene/Si heterojunctions were grown in situ directly on silicon (Si) substrates via plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD), which is promising for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates candidates. Combined analyses of theoretical simulation, incorporating N atoms in 3D‐graphene are beneficial to increase the electronic state density of the system and enhance the charge transfer between the substrate and the target molecules. The enhancement of the optical and electric fields benefits from the stronger light‐matter interaction improved by the natural nano‐resonator structure of N‐doped 3D‐graphene. The as‐prepared SERS substrates based on N‐doped 3D‐graphene/Si heterojunctions achieve ultra‐low detection for various molecules: 10−8 M for methylene blue (MB) and 10−9 M for crystal violet (CRV) with rhodamine (R6G) of 10−10 M. In practical detected, 10−8 M thiram was precisely detected in apple peel extract. The results indicate that N‐doped 3D‐graphene/Si heterojunctions based‐SERS substrates have promising applications in low‐concentration molecular detection and food safety.
Lithium‐Metal Free Sulfur Battery Based on Waste Biomass Anode and Nano‐Sized Li2S Cathode
Authors: Salimi Pejman , Venezia Eleonora , Taghavi Somayeh , Tieuli Sebastiano , Carbone Lorenzo , Prato Mirko , Signoretto Michela , Qiu Jianfeng , Proietti Zaccaria Remo 
Published: December 2022

The realization of a stable lithium‐metal free (LiMF) sulfur battery based on amorphous carbon anode and lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode is here reported. In particular, a biomass waste originating full‐cell combining a carbonized brewer's spent grain (CBSG) biochar anode with a Li2S‐graphene composite cathode (Li2S70Gr30) is proposed. This design is particularly attractive for applying a cost‐effective, high performance, environment friendly, and safe anode material, as an alternative to standard graphite and metallic lithium in emerging battery technologies. The anodic and cathodic materials are characterized in terms of structure, morphology and composition through X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Furthermore, an electrochemical characterization comprising galvanostatic cycling, rate capability and cyclic voltammetry tests were carried out both in half‐cell and full‐cell configurations. The systematic investigation reveals that unlike graphite, the biochar electrode displays good compatibility with the electrolyte typically employed in sulfur batteries. The CBSG/Li2S70Gr30 full‐cell demonstrates an initial charge and discharge capacities of 726 and 537 mAh g−1, respectively, at 0.05C with a coulombic efficiency of 74%. Moreover, it discloses a reversible capacity of 330 mAh g−1 (0.1C) after over 300 cycles. Based on these achievements, the CBSG/Li2S70Gr30 battery system can be considered as a promising energy storage solution for electric vehicles (EVs), especially when taking into account its easy scalability to an industrial level.
Are arrhythmias the drivers of sudden cardiac death in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? A review
Authors: Yuyun Matthew F. , Kinlay Scott , Singh Jagmeet P. , Joseph Jacob 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for approximately 25–30% of all‐cause mortality and 40% of cardiovascular mortality in properly adjudicated large clinical trials. The mechanism of SCD in HFpEF remains unknown but thought to be driven by arrhythmic events. Apart from atrial fibrillation, which is prevalent in approximately 45% of HFpEF patients, the true burden of other cardiac arrhythmias in HFpEF remains undetermined. The incidence and risk of clinically significant advanced cardiac conduction disease with bradyarrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias remain less known. Recommendations have been made for long‐term cardiac rhythm monitoring to determine the incidence of arrhythmias and clarify mechanisms and mode of death in HFpEF patients. In animal studies, spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and SCD are significantly elevated in HFpEF animals compared with controls without heart failure. In humans, these studies are scant, with a few published small‐size studies suggesting an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in HFpEF. Higher rates of clinically significant conduction disease and cardiac pacing are seen in HFpEF compared with the general population. Excepting atrial fibrillation, the predictive effect of other arrhythmias on heart failure hospitalization, all‐cause mortality, and precisely SCD remains unknown. Given the high occurrence of SCD in the HFpEF population, it could potentially become a target for therapeutic interventions if driven by arrhythmias. Studies to address these knowledge gaps are urgently warranted. In this review, we have summarized data on arrhythmias and SCD in HFpEF while highlighting avenues for future research in this area.
Dual Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: Current Challenges and New Trends
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Dell'Amico Luca , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDual catalysis is one of the most powerful strategies for the development of chemical reactions in organic synthesis. This strategy can be divided into cooperative catalysis, relay catalysis, and sequential catalysis according to the actual mode of operation and the communication between the catalysts. In recent years, such strategy has been applied in a large number of studies since it has the advantages of: 1) increasing reactivity and enabling challenging transformations; 2) offering a powerful way of controlling the stereoselectivity of asymmetric reactions, which is challenging for traditional catalytic systems; 3) catalyze the stereodivergent synthesis of molecules bearing one or more stereocenters from the same starting materials. This Perspective, which intends to introduce the reader toEurJOC special collection on Dual Catalysis, aims to summarize and introduce the different categories of dual catalysis and demonstrate their benefits in constructing new chemical bonds in a selective manner. Finally, current challenges and new trends in dual catalysis will be also presented.
Electroosmotic flow in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D‐printed microchannels
Authors: Barbosa Fabio Henrique Barros , Quero Reverson Fernandes , Rocha Kionnys Novaes , Costa Samuel Carvalho , de Jesus Dosil Pereira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectroosmotic flow (EOF) was determined in tridimensional (3D)‐printed microchannels with dimensions smaller than 100 µm. Fused deposition modeling 3D printing using thermoplastic filaments of PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), PLA (polylactic acid), and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used to fabricate the microchannels. The current monitoring method and sodium phosphate solutions at different pH values (3–10) were used for the EOF mobility (µEOF) measurements, which ranged from 2.00 × 10−4 to 12.52 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The highest and the smallest µEOF were obtained for the PLA and PETG microchannels, respectively. Adding the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to the sodium phosphate solution caused EOF direction reversion in all the studied microchannels. The obtained results can be interesting for developing 3D‐printed microfluidic devices, in which EOF is relevant.
Nonlinear electrophoresis of dielectric particles in Newtonian fluids
Authors: Bentor Joseph , Dort Heston , Chitrao Rajan Ashutosh , Zhang Youwei , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn classical electrokinetics, the electrophoretic velocity of a dielectric particle is a linear function of the applied electric field. Theoretical studies have predicted the onset of nonlinear electrophoresis at high electric fields because of the nonuniform surface conduction over the curved particle. However, experimental studies have been left behind and are insufficient for a fundamental understanding of the parametric effects on nonlinear electrophoresis. We present in this work a systematic experimental study of the effects of buffer concentration, particle size, and particle zeta potential on the electrophoretic velocity of polystyrene particles in a straight rectangular microchannel for electric fields of up to 3 kV/cm. The measured nonlinear electrophoretic particle velocity is found to exhibit a 2(±0.5)‐order dependence on the applied electric field, which appears to be within the theoretically predicted 3‐ and 3/2‐order dependences for low and high electric fields, respectively. Moreover, the obtained nonlinear electrophoretic particle mobility increases with decreasing buffer concentration (for the same particle) and particle size (for particles with similar zeta potentials) or increasing particle zeta potential (for particles with similar sizes). These observations are all consistent with the theoretical predictions for high electric fields.
Perspective on the electrochemical recovery of phosphate from wastewater streams
Authors: Snyder Nicholas A. , Morales‐Guio Carlos G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presently increasing global population demands increased food production. Consequently, phosphate – an indispensable fertilizer component – will be needed in ever greater amounts. Current levels of mining of phosphate's most important constituent element, phosphorus (P), are unsustainable, and P rock is predicted to soon be completely depleted. Because P is a non‐renewable resource, techniques to recover and reuse waste phosphate are necessary. Large amounts of unused phosphate exist in both municipal and agricultural wastewater streams, as well as in sewage sludge. Approaches to recovering phosphate from these sources fall into three main categories: biological, chemical, and electrochemical. Biological phosphate recovery has seen some plant‐scale use, but significant drawbacks including the complication of operation have prevented it from becoming widespread. The most common method of phosphate recovery, chemical phosphate recovery, has been applied at scale with success due to the stability and reliability of the process. However, disadvantages such as the exorbitant amounts of alkali dosing required to maintain the high pH necessary for phosphate precipitation leave room for improvement. In recent years, electrochemical phosphate recovery has gained traction because of its potential to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemical approaches by utilizing water electrolysis to induce a high pH without the need for an added base. But before plant‐scale electrochemical methods can be considered economically viable, the steep energy requirements of water electrolysis must be mitigated through the development of improved electrocatalysts or circumvented through the discovery and application of new electrochemical processes to generate hydroxyl ions needed to induce a high pH. In this review, the three broad categories of phosphate recovery techniques are discussed and an outlook on the future of electrocatalysis for phosphate recovery is presented. Particularly, the requirements for improved and Earth‐abundant electrocatalysts are considered alongside a critical discussion of the possibility of a decentralized network of onsite wastewater treatment facilities powered by renewable electricity.
Strong interlayer transition in a staggered gap GeSe/MoTe2 heterojunction diode for highly efficient visible and near‐infrared photodetection and logic inverter
Authors: Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Zeesham , Dastgeer Ghulam , Aftab Sikandar , Hussain Sajjad , Ali Muhammad , Jung Jongwan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong light–matter interactions and unique multifunctional logic behavior. Here, the strong interlayer transition and excellent broadband photodetection of GeSe/MoTe2 van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction are demonstrated. Differential charge density and photoluminescence quenching analyses reveal a strong interlayer transition between GeSe and MoTe2. In addition, density functional theory analysis predicts the formation of staggered band alignment, which contributed to the spatial segregation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The diode exhibited excellent optoelectronic characteristics in the visible and near‐infrared region. A high responsivity of ~1.0 × 104 A/W, an excellent detectivity of ~8.4 × 1012 jones, and a fast rise and fall time of 458 and 498 μs, respectively. Finally, a two‐dimensional complementary inverter consisting of p‐channel GeSe and n‐channel MoTe2 is examined to analyze its application for a logic inverter. The findings of this study will play a crucial role in the stimulation and fabrication of multifunctional vdW heterostructure devices.image
An unsupervised machine learning based ground motion selection method for computationally efficient estimation of seismic fragility
Authors: Hu Jinjun , Liu Bali , Xie Lili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the context of performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE), response‐history analysis is currently considered an analytical tool for developing fragility curves. Typically, this involves subjecting a structural system to a large number of ground motion records (GMRs) representing seismic hazards at a site of interest and may be a time‐consuming task. To address this computational challenge, this study proposes a method for selecting a representative subset of GMRs that enables the reproduction of the fragility curve of the general GMR set. In this method, dimension reduction techniques are used to preferentially extract the principal features of earthquake intensity measures, which are applied to construct the feature space. Then, the divisive hierarchical clustering technique is applied to the feature space to obtain a subset of GMRs from the general set until the fragility curve converges. The performance of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated through various numerical examples that include a wide class of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems and two steel‐frame buildings. The results confirm that the seismic hazard at a given site represented by a general GMR set can be covered in structural fragility estimation using a representative subset of GMRs selected based on the proposed method. The proposed method could contribute to significantly reducing the computational costs for structural fragility estimation without compromising the accuracy.