bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on in‐mold electronics technology
Authors: Beltrão Mariana , Duarte Fernando M. , Viana Júlio C. , Paulo Vitor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Mold Decoration (IMD) with printed electronic films combines the printed functional film with the IMD process, creating a product with embedded electronic functions that requires much less space compared to previous technologies. In Mold Electronics (IME) is a process of integrating printed decorations and functional electronics with IMD (i.e., thermoforming and injection molding), resulting in 3D‐shaped objects with embedded electronic functions. This technique is a field of recent large technological and scientific interests due to its wide application, aesthetically appealing, and durable and lighter functional products. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art of IME technology, resorting to scientific research work performed and its main outputs, compiling and analyzing the main knowledge and achievements on the process up to date. First, an overview of the IME process steps is given, as well as, its components, main applications, advantages, and drawbacks. The main IME printing technologies are listed, and the relevant material parameters of the foil and of the conductive inks for the printing process are also discussed. The effects of the thermoforming and injection molding steps on the foil behavior and final product are also addressed. Main challenges still to overcome on the IME technology are presented.
Accurate redox potentials for solvents in Li‐metal batteries and assessment of density functionals
Authors: Zhang Wenna , Yang Tong , Zhao Kristin , Liao Xiaobin , Zhao Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practical applications of Li metal batteries (LMBs) have been limited by the anodic instability which causes fatal problems including low Coulombic efficiency and short cycling lifespan. One way of addressing this issue is to develop new solvents with suitable redox potentials for electrolytes of LMBs. By using the recently developed Wuhan–Minnesota‐scaling method, the work has developed the Redox20 benchmark database consisting of the Ox10 subset of 10 oxidation potentials and the Red10 subset of 10 reduction potentials for four conventional and six fluorinated solvents in LMBs. The performances of 35 DFT methods have been assessed against Redox20. Based on the assessments, M05‐2X, M08‐HX, M08‐SO, M06‐2X, and revM06 functionals are the most accurate for the predictions of oxidation potentials, and the N12, M06‐HF, M08‐HX, HSE06, and PW6B95‐D3 functionals are best performers for calculating reduction potentials. M08‐HX gives the lowest average mean unsigned error, and it is recommended for the calculation of redox potentials. M08‐HX has been employed to calculate the redox potentials and highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital structures of 48 solvents for LMBs, which is beneficial to the selection of optimal LMBs electrolyte solvents.
Constrained randomization and statistical inference for multi‐arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Yunji , Turner Elizabeth L. , Simmons Ryan A. , Li Fan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA practical limitation of cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) is that the number of available clusters may be small, resulting in an increased risk of baseline imbalance under simple randomization. Constrained randomization overcomes this issue by restricting the allocation to a subset of randomization schemes where sufficient overall covariate balance across comparison arms is achieved. However, for multi‐arm cRCTs, several design and analysis issues pertaining to constrained randomization have not been fully investigated. Motivated by an ongoing multi‐arm cRCT, we elaborate the method of constrained randomization and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the statistical properties of model‐based and randomization‐based tests under both simple and constrained randomization designs in multi‐arm cRCTs, with varying combinations of design and analysis‐based covariate adjustment strategies. In particular, as randomization‐based tests have not been extensively studied in multi‐arm cRCTs, we additionally develop most‐powerful randomization tests under the linear mixed model framework for our comparisons. Our results indicate that under constrained randomization, both model‐based and randomization‐based analyses could gain power while preserving nominal type I error rate, given proper analysis‐based adjustment for the baseline covariates. Randomization‐based analyses, however, are more robust against violations of distributional assumptions. The choice of balance metrics and candidate set sizes and their implications on the testing of the pairwise and global hypotheses are also discussed. Finally, we caution against the design and analysis of multi‐arm cRCTs with an extremely small number of clusters, due to insufficient degrees of freedom and the tendency to obtain an overly restricted randomization space.
A Case of Anti-Laminin Gamma-1 (P200) Pemphigoid with Bullous Lesions on the Lips, Hands and Feet Showing Antibodies to Desmoglein 1
Authors: Kaneko F. , Ozasa M. , Togashi A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An 87-years-old-man presented with bullous and erosive lesions exclusively on the lips, hands and feet. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence studies suggested the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, but the serum anti-BP180 antibodies were negative. Strangely, anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies were positive, although no pemphigus-like features were found. Indirect immunofluorescence showed IgG reactivity with dermal side of 1 M NaCl-split skin. Immunoblotting showed positive reactivity with the 200 kDa laminin gamma-1 but not with type VII collagen. After the administration of prednisolone 20 mg/day, bullous lesions cleared within 2 weeks.
Development of a Sensitive and Selective Optical Sensor for Measuring Ultra‐Trace Amounts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions in Water
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , Shah Reem , Aljuhani Enas , Al‐Ahmed Zehbah A. , Habeebullah Turki M. , Saad Fawaz , Shahat Ahmed , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA smart spectrophotometric method for the analytical determination of iron concentration in whichever oxidation state was developed using a novel optical sensor. The optical sensor was prepared by direct immobilization of novel synthesized chromophore, 5‐(((1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐yl)imino)methyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid (Phimhb) onto mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNSs). The novel Phimhb chromophore has two sites, one is selective to Fe(II) ions and the other is selective to Fe(III) ions. The ions′ color can be seen with the human eye and monitored using spectrophotometric techniques or a smartphone. The influence of several parameters on the evaluation of iron ions content was studied and optimized. The proposed method was validated in terms of LOD, LOQ, linearity, and precision according to ICH guidelines. The optical Phimhb sensor has wide linear dynamic ranges with low detection limits of 4.94 ppb (1.83×10−7 mol L−1) and 10.4 ppb (3.85×10−7 mol L−1) for Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively. The response time of this sensor for both ions was 60 s. The Phimhb sensor could be reproduced multiple times and used with a higher capacity each time. The effect of potential interfering ions on the estimation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was investigated. The outcomes clarified that the prepared Phimhb sensor was very selective to Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions. Therefore, the Phimhb sensor had been successfully used in the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in real water even without any pre‐concentration, it has high specificity.
A Straightforward Strategy for the Preparation of Diverse BODIPY Functionalized with Polyamines and Polyoxyethylenes**
Authors: Uvarov Denis Y. , Gorbatov Sergey A. , Kolokolova Marya K. , Kozlov Mikhail A. , Kolotirkina Natalya G. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Goze Christine , Denat Franck , Volkova Yulia A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel derivatives of 4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) functionalized at the meso‐position with polyamines and polyoxyethylenes were synthesized through single‐step condensation of fluorogenic 8‐CH2Cl‐substituted BODIPY and corresponding amines. The systematic spectroscopic characterization (UV‐Vis, fluorescence) of stable in storage dyes bearing polyoxyethylene substituents was carried out. One compound showed promise for UV‐Vis and “off‐on” fluorescence Cu2+ detection in acetonitrile solutions. The ligand detects Cu2+ ions selectively in the presence of eighteen different alkaline earth metal cations.
Antioxidant Triggered Metallic 1T’ Phase Transformations of Chemically Exfoliated Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) Nanosheets
Authors: Kim Jun Yeob , Chae Soosang , Jang Woosun , Besford Quinn A. , Oh Jin Young , Lee Tae Il 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping facile methods for inducing phase transformation between metallic and semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials is crucial toward leveraging their use in cutting‐edge energy devices. Herein, 2H‐to‐1T’ phase transformations in chemically exfoliated Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) nanosheet films, triggered by antioxidants toward highly conductive 2D TMDC electrode materials, are introduced. It is found that antioxidants cause residual LiOx compounds to reduce to Li metal, subsequently inducing 1T’ phase transformations in layered WS2 nanosheets, resulting in significantly enhanced conductivity across the overall films. Both thermoelectric devices and supercapacitors are fabricated utilizing the highly conductive 1T’ phase WS2 nanosheet films as a working electrode, allowing for outstanding performance due to the increased conductivity of the WS2 nanosheet films. The method constitutes a facile approach toward the use of chemically exfoliated 1T’ TMDC nanosheets for highly efficient energy device applications.
DNA‐Based Concatenated Encoding System for High‐Reliability and High‐Density Data Storage
Authors: Ren Yubin , Zhang Yi , Liu Yawei , Wu Qinglin , Su Juanjuan , Wang Fan , Chen Dong , Fan Chunhai , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInformation storage based on DNA molecules provides a promising solution with advantages of low‐energy consumption, high storage efficiency, and long lifespan. However, there are only four natural nucleotides and DNA storage is thus limited by 2 bits per nucleotide. Here, artificial nucleotides into DNA data storage to achieve higher coding efficiency than 2 bits per nucleotide is introduced. To accommodate the characteristics of DNA synthesis and sequencing, two high‐reliability encoding systems suitable for four, six, and eight nucleotides, i.e., the RaptorQ‐Arithmetic‐LZW‐RS (RALR) and RaptorQ‐Arithmetic‐Base64‐RS (RABR) systems, are developed. The two concatenated encoding systems realize the advantages of correcting DNA sequence losses, correcting errors within DNA sequences, reducing homopolymers, and controlling specific nucleotide contents. The average coding efficiencies with error correction and without arithmetic compression by the RALR system using four, six, and eight nucleotides reach 1.27, 1.61, and 1.85 bits per nucleotide, respectively. While the average coding efficiencies by the RABR system are up to 1.50, 2.00, and 2.35 bits per nucleotide, respectively. The coding efficiency, versatility, and tunability of the developed artificial DNA systems might provide significant guidance for high‐reliability and high‐density data storage.
Influence of fiber characteristics on sulfate resistance of ambient‐cured geopolymer concrete
Authors: Kantarcı Fatih 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe brittle nature of geopolymer concretes (GPCs) and curing process required in their production are factors that limit their practical applications. It was not detected any study investigating the effect of polypropylene (PP) fiber length and fiber content on sulfate resistance of GPC. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PP fibers used in different content and length on sulfate resistance of GPC cured under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, 6 and 12 mm length PP fibers were added to GPC at rate of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% by volume of concrete. Samples were cured in laboratory conditions for 28 days, and then exposed to 5% MgSO4 solutions. After the sulfate effect, the changes in physical and mechanical properties of GPC such as compressive strength, tensile strength, weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), apparent porosity, and external appearance were investigated. In addition, microstructural analyzes were carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, it was determined that PP fiber additive at rate of 0.5% by volume significantly increased the sulfate resistance by preventing crack growth thanks to bridging function occur between binder phase and interface regions. Since the increased fiber length made it difficult to distribute the fibers homogeneously, 6 mm long PP fibers were more effective in improving the sulfate resistance.
Size effect and strain rate effect on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete beam‐column joints
Authors: Jin Liu , Wan Shunyin , Li Dong , Du Xiuli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beam‐column joints with different sizes under cyclic loads at varying rates was investigated, aiming at attaining a better understanding of the size effect and strain rate effect on RC beam‐column joints. First, a 2D mesoscale numerical model was established and verified by existing experimental results. Second, numerical tests regarding seismic performances of RC beam‐column joints were carried out. A total of four structural sizes and five strain rates were taken into consideration. The damage patterns, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, the displacement ductility, the stiffness degradation, and the shear deformation of joints under different working conditions were analyzed. Finally, the size effect and strain rate effect on shear resistance and shear failure mechanism of joints were discussed. In addition, a semitheoretical formula considering structural sizes and strain rates for shear strength calculation was proposed and verified by available experimental data.
A 638‐gene phylogeny supports the recognition of twice as many species in the Malagasy endemic genusCapurodendron(Sapotaceae)
Authors: Boluda Carlos G. , Christe Camille , Naciri Yamama , Gautier Laurent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Malagasy genusCapurodendroncurrently accommodates 26 described species and is the largest genus of the family Sapotaceae in Madagascar. These species are frequently logged because of their valued hardwood, which potentially puts them at risk of extinction. Species‐level identifications are often problematic, and this hinders both an accurate assessment of their conservation status and the development of effective protection measures. We sorted all the material (ca. 860 collections) available in the herbaria with significant collections for Madagascar into 47 putative species based on morphology. On 41 of these, for which we were able to retrieve suitable DNA, we conducted a phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular sequences of 638 loci from 108Capurodendronspecimens, performing a target capture approach combined with next‐generation sequencing. Maximum likelihood (RAxML), pseudocoalescence (ASTRAL), and coalescence (STACEY) analyses showed thatCapurodendroncomprises two deeply divergent lineages. One, which includes a single species, is here newly described asC. subg.Reflexisepalabased on its distinctive morphology. The second lineage contains all remaining species, which seem to have resulted from a rapid radiation event. The phylogenetic tree provides good support for most of the species hypothesized based on morphology, with the exception of two species‐groups that we have named the Arid Complex and the Eastern Complex. As many as 20 species‐level lineages genetically distinct from any of the currently recognized species were identified, 17 of which were morphologically well‐characterized, representing strong candidates for new species. This would suggest thatCapurodendronis the most species‐rich endemic genus of plants in Madagascar. While 14 of these 20 clades are still under study, we here describe six species new to science:Capurodendron andrafiamenae(provisionally assessed as CR),C. aubrevillei(VU),C. birkinshawii(CR),C. naciriae(EN),C. randrianaivoi(CR), andC. sakarivorum(EN).Capurodendron oblongifoliumcomb. nov. (EN), previously regarded as a variety ofC. perrieri, represents a distinct lineage that is here recognized at the species level. The newly described species are illustrated by line drawings and photographs from the field, and a preliminary threat assessment is provided. We discuss the evolutionary history ofCapurodendronand also explore the question of node age estimates and their methodological limitations.
Recent Development in Metallic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Muzibur Rahman Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal‐based nanoparticles are very promising for their applications in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy. Breast cancer is the major reason of death in woman especially in developed countries including EU and USA. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, nanoparticles are effective as therapeutics and diagnostics. Anti‐cancer therapy of breast tumors is challenging because of highly metastatic progression of the disease to brain, bone, lung, and liver. Magnetic nanoparticles are crucial for metastatic breast cancer detection and protection. This review comprehensively discusses the application of nanomaterials as breast cancer therapy, therapeutics, and diagnostics.
Learning to Diagnose with Simulations: Introduction
Authors: Fischer Frank , Chernikova Olga , Opitz Ansgar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe introductory chapter provides a brief overview of the existing research strands on simulation-based learning and the notion of diagnostic competences. We believe that the domains of medical and teacher education can learn a lot from each other, especially when it comes to designing learning environments to promote professional development. We therefore emphasize the need for finding similarities across disciplines and instructional design features that can be effectively transferred between domains. This chapter also introduces the three-level coherence framework used throughout the other chapters of this book to enable comparisons between the presented approaches to simulation-based learning. This chapter ends with an overview of the chapters in the book.
Conclusions and Outlook: Toward more Systematic Research on the Use of Simulations in Higher Education
Authors: Opitz Ansgar , Fischer Martin R. , Seidel Tina , Fischer Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis final chapter starts with an overview of the simulations presented throughout the book. All of the simulations are tools to test and foster diagnostic competences. The simulations differ regarding diagnostic modes, sources of information, domains, and topics. The chapter then revisits the four overarching research questions from the introduction and lies out potential avenues for future research: (1) Diagnostic activities are a promising concept to explore the processes that are central for generating learning outcomes. (2) Optimal means of supporting learners in simulations might include the presentation of information, prompts, reflection phases, and role-taking. (3) Various characteristics of the learners, such as their expertise level, as well as the simulation, such as its authenticity, could mediate the effects of instructional support. (4) If simulations are adaptable, between learners or within the same simulation, they might increase the learning potential even further. The chapter then gives examples for how the projects presented in this book will address these four topics. The outlook ends with a call for interdisciplinary research.
Diagnosing the Instructional Quality of Biology Lessons Based on Staged Videos: Developing DiKoBi, A Video-Based Simulation
Authors: Kramer Maria , Stürmer Julia , Förtsch Christian , Seidel Tina , Ufer Stefan , Fischer Martin R. , Neuhaus Birgit J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying and interpreting challenging instructional situations is important for teacher performance in the classroom, thus also for instructional quality. This project examines classroom situations in which pre-service teachers diagnose effective teaching in terms of instructional quality in the context of biology lessons. The interdisciplinary collaboration combines expertise in research on teachers’ professional competence, video-based teaching, and computer-supported case-based learning in several contexts. The video-based simulation DiKoBi (German acronym for “diagnostic competences of biology teachers in biology classrooms”) was developed to investigate, measure, and foster pre-service teachers’ diagnostic skills concerning the instructional quality of biology lessons. Staged videos embedded in the video-based simulation DiKoBi show six different classroom situations, each focusing on one biology-specific instructional quality feature. Validity of the content and tasks in DiKoBi were examined in interviews using think-aloud protocols and expert-novice comparisons. In future research, intervention studies will be used to analyze the effects of knowledge acquisition and scaffolding during teachers’ diagnosing on their diagnostic skills concerning instructional quality.
Learning to Diagnose Secondary School Students’ Scientific Reasoning Skills in Physics and Biology: Video-Based Simulations for Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Pickal Amadeus J. , Wecker Christof , Neuhaus Birgit J. , Girwidz Raimund 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the ability to teach and therefore also diagnose not only subject-specific but also cross-domain skills are an important part of every teacher’s day-to-day work, we developed simulations to quantify and furthermore support the competence to diagnose secondary school students’ scientific reasoning skills. For this purpose, the simulations also include the possibility to rehearse interdisciplinary collaborations between physics and biology pre-service teachers. The simulations are video-based, containing short, scripted videos showing two students working on different inquiry tasks, including a physics and a biology experiment. Participants have to observe the students and can individually decide which pre-formulated questions they want to ask the students before, during and after the experiments to gather relevant information. The corresponding simulated answers are subsequently presented via additional videos. The information gained during the simulations is supposed to be used to diagnose the students’ scientific reasoning skills later in the process.