bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning and representations of symbols of life and death
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Han Shihui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLife and death are 2 fundamental concepts regarding existence of organisms. People often signify these concepts using symbols to facilitate communications, but how the brain learns and represents these symbols remains unclear. In the present study, we quantified behavioral and brain responses during learning associations between words (“life” or “death”) with shapes as concrete referents. Behavioral responses to word-shape pairs showed an affirmative response bias to life-shape pairs but a denial response bias to death-shape pairs. Multimodal brain imaging results revealed that the right frontal and dorsal cingulate cortices monitored these response biases, respectively. Moreover, relative to unlearned shapes, life-related shapes induced increased alpha (9–14 Hz) oscillations in the right parietal cortex and precuneus, whereas death-related shapes enhanced beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations in the left parietal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Our findings unraveled distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning and representations of concrete referents of life and death concepts.
Gender differences in patient-reported outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Rasmussen Anne Ankerstjerne , Fridlund Bengt , Nielsen Karina , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Thrysoee Lars , Borregaard Britt , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Mols Rikke Elmose 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Women report worse health-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with men following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, this association is not well established when accounting for demographic and clinical patient characteristics at discharge. This knowledge is essential for clinicians when planning individualised care for patients following AMI. The aim of this study is to examine whether gender is associated with health-related PROs at discharge from a Danish heart centre, combining PROs with data from the national health and administrative registries.

Methods and results
A cross-sectional study of 2131 patients with AMI discharged from a Danish heart centre responding to the following health-related PRO questionnaires: the Health-survey Short-Form-12 (SF-12), generating a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS) score; the HeartQoL, providing a global, emotional, and physical score; the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), generating an anxiety and depression score (HADS-A and HADS-D); the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS); the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). Patient-reported outcomes were linked to registry-based information adjusting for potential demographic and clinical confounding factors. In adjusted regression models, women reported worse health-related PROs compared with men in SF-12 PCS and SF-12 MCS, HeartQoL global, the HeartQoL emotional and HeartQoL physical score, EQ-5D-5L and EQ VAS, the HADS-A, ESAS, and in six out of eight B-IPQ items.

Conclusions
Women reported worse health-related PROs compared with men. Health-related PROs have the potential to be further investigated to facilitate a more individualised healthcare follow-up after AMI.
Demographic and clinical predictors of post-operative atrial fibrillation in cardio-surgical patients
Authors: Samaritaki Evangelia , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Basta Maria , Alegkakis Athanasios , Vlassiadis Konstantinos , Lazopoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Post-operative atrial fibrillation is defined as an episode of atrial fibrillation that occurs 1–5 days after a surgical procedure in patients without a previous history of atrial fibrillation. Multiple factors such as demographics, cardiac surgical, endogenous, or mental health may relate to post-operative atrial fibrillation.
The aim of this study was to identify multivariable high-risk factors for post-operative atrial fibrillation and to propose a risk-assessment tool.

Methods and results
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a University Hospital of Greece. Predictor variables examined demographic and clinical variables, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, frailty, perioperative mortality (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II), and 10-year survival/mortality risk (Charlson Comorbidity Index score). The outcome variable was post-operative atrial fibrillation. Multivariable analysis was assessed to identify predictors of post-operative atrial fibrillation.
Ninety-one patients were included in our sample. Post-operative atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 44 (48.4%). Factors associated with post-operative atrial fibrillation are the following: age group of 66–75 years [OR 5.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–24.34], Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.89), and hours of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06). The Charlson Comorbidity Index score was identified as an independent predictor of post-operative atrial fibrillation (exp: 1.412, 95% CI: 1.017–1.961).

Conclusion
Patients with post-operative atrial fibrillation had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was identified as an independent clinical predictor of post-operative atrial fibrillation. The risk-assessment tool proposed includes age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and hours of mechanical ventilation. Future studies are needed to establish such an assessment.
Bacteriophages in sewage: abundance, roles, and applications
Authors: Ballesté Elisenda , Blanch Anicet R , Muniesa Maite , García-Aljaro Cristina , Rodríguez-Rubio Lorena , Martín-Díaz Julia , Pascual-Benito Miriam , Jofre J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe raw sewage that flows through sewage systems contains a complex microbial community whose main source is the human gut microbiome, with bacteriophages being as abundant as bacteria or even more so. Phages that infect common strains of the human gut bacteriome and transient bacterial pathogens have been isolated in raw sewage, as have other phages corresponding to non-sewage inputs. Although human gut phages do not seem to replicate during their transit through the sewers, they predominate at the entrance of wastewater treatment plants, inside which the dominant populations of bacteria and phages undergo a swift change. The sheer abundance of phages in the sewage virome prompts several questions, some of which are addressed in this review. There is growing concern about their potential role in the horizontal transfer of genes, including those related with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, some phages that infect human gut bacteria are being used as indicators of fecal/viral water pollution and as source tracking markers and have been introduced in water quality legislation. Other potential applications of enteric phages to control bacterial pathogens in sewage or undesirable bacteria that impede the efficacy of wastewater treatments, including biofilm formation on membranes, are still being researched.
ADAM17 Mediates Proteolytic Maturation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Auxiliary α2δ Subunits, and Enables Calcium Current Enhancement
Authors: Kadurin Ivan , Dahimene Shehrazade , Page Karen M , Ellaway Joseph I J , Chaggar Kanchan , Troeberg Linda , Nagase Hideaki , Dolphin Annette C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are key to augmenting expression and function of CaV1 and CaV2 channels, and are also important drug targets in several therapeutic areas, including neuropathic pain. The α2δ proteins are translated as preproteins encoding both α2 and δ, and post-translationally proteolyzed into α2 and δ subunits, which remain associated as a complex. In this study, we have identified ADAM17 as a key protease involved in proteolytic processing of pro-α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 subunits. We provide three lines of evidence: First, proteolytic cleavage is inhibited by chemical inhibitors of particular metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Second, proteolytic cleavage of both α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 is markedly reduced in cell lines by knockout of ADAM17 but not ADAM10. Third, proteolytic cleavage is reduced by the N-terminal active domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3), which selectively inhibits ADAM17. We have found previously that proteolytic cleavage into mature α2δ is essential for the enhancement of CaV function, and in agreement, knockout of ADAM17 inhibited the ability of α2δ-1 to enhance both CaV2.2 and CaV1.2 calcium currents. Finally, our data also indicate that the main site of proteolytic cleavage of α2δ-1 is the Golgi apparatus, although cleavage may also occur at the plasma membrane. Thus, our study identifies ADAM17 as a key protease required for proteolytic maturation of α2δ-1 and α2δ-3, and thus a potential drug target in neuropathic pain.
Comparing Effects of Polypharmacy on Inflammatory Profiles in Older Adults and Mice: Implications for Translational Aging Research
Authors: Wu Harry , Mach John , Gnjidic Danijela , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona M , Waite Louise M , Handelsman David J , Le Couteur David G , Hilmer Sarah N 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAging and multimorbidity are associated with inflammation. Polypharmacy is common in older people with multimorbidity. Given the potential for interactions between polypharmacy and inflammation, the relationship between inflammation and polypharmacy were studied in older adults with multimorbidity and in healthy aging mice. A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 5-year wave of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project, a population-based study of community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years. Serum concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay. Associations between polypharmacy (≥5 medications) and cytokines were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, frailty, comorbidities, and individual drug classes. Interaction between polypharmacy and Drug Burden Index (DBI―drugs with anticholinergic and sedative effects) was analyzed. Effects of polypharmacy and DBI on serum levels of 23 cytokines were determined in aging male mice treated with chronic polypharmacy or control. Compared to the nonpolypharmacy group (n = 495), CHAMP participants with polypharmacy (n = 409) had significantly higher concentrations of IL-8, IL-6, CCL3, Eotaxin, IL-1ra, IL-1β, IP-10, and lower concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. In fully-adjusted multivariable models, polypharmacy was positively associated with concentrations of IL-8 and CCL3. There were no significant differences in inflammatory profiles between control and polypharmacy-treated mice. The relationship was not influenced by DBI in men or in mice. Inflammatory markers associated with polypharmacy in older adults were not seen in healthy aged mice administered polypharmacy, and may be related to underlying diseases. The polypharmacy mouse model provides opportunities for mechanistic investigations in translational research.
Identifying Racial and Rural Disparities of Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: The Role of Social Isolation and Social Technology Use
Authors: Byrne Kaileigh A , Ghaiumy Anaraky Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Social isolation is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes among older adults. The use of online social technology platforms may provide a means to reduce social isolation. However, research examining whether social technology can mitigate the negative effects of social isolation on cognitive functioning is limited. This study investigates the interaction between social isolation and social technology use on cognitive functioning among older adults and seeks to identify racial and rural–urban differences in this relationship.

Method
Data were obtained from the Health and Retirement Study 2014–2018 waves (N = 5,358). Participants (aged 50–102) completed self-report measures of social isolation, loneliness, and frequency of online social communication and completed the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, which assesses cognitive functioning. Examinations of race focused on differences between Black/African American and White/Caucasian groups; rurality was operationalized using Beale Rural–Urban Continuum Codes. Data were analyzed using structural equation models.

Results
Social technology use moderated the negative relationship between social isolation and cognitive functioning, controlling for age, education, gender, wealth, and general computer usage. Greater social technology use was associated with better cognitive functioning among socially isolated older adults. Results showed evidence of racial, but not rural–urban, differences in the relationship between social technology use and cognitive functioning. Regardless of the degree of social isolation, frequent social technology use was associated with improved cognitive functioning in Black/African American older adults but not White/Caucasians older adults.

Discussion
Social technology may represent a way to mitigate cognitive decline, particularly among Black/African American older adults.
Biological Insecticides to Control Cabbage Insect Pests, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ranger’ cabbage were seeded on 29 Jul to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were single rows 25-ft long and 5-ft wide replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row, Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one drop nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied on 4, 11 Sep and 8 Oct. Number of larvae/10 plants was recorded on 18 Sep and 16 Oct. Foliage injury ratings were recorded on 13 Sep and are expressed as % defoliation. Yield (% marketable heads) were taken on 20 Oct and defined as cabbage heads with no visible feeding and having at least two undamaged wrapper leaves. Ten cabbage heads from each treatment were harvested and weighed on 24 Oct to determine weight/head (lb).
Control of Arthropod Pests on Cantaloupe, 1986
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Royer Tom A. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Magnum 45’ variety cantaloupe was direct seeded in beds on 2 m centers on 17 Mar at the Texas Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was a Willacy fine sandy loam. Plants were thinned to 45 cm spacing on 15 Apr. Sixty-eight kg N-32 per ha was applied prior to planting. Pesticide treatments were applied 22 Apr and 6 Jun to single bed, 9 m long plots with a tractor mounted, C02 powered sprayer calibrated to deliver 143 liter/ha (2.8 kg/cm2, 4 TX-4 nozzles, 6.4 kmph). Arthropod populations were monitored by surveying 3 primary vines per plot on 29 Apr and 14 May and recording number of cucumber beetle adults, melon aphids, spider mites, flea beetle adults, leafhopper nymphs and adults, leaves with leaf miner mines, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Melon yield was determined as wt/melon and total wt of melons/plot on 3, 6, 10 and 13 Jun. Aphid and mite counts were transformed by taking the loglO + 1 of counts, due to the aggregated nature of populations of these species.
Control of Cabbage Looper, Diamondback Moth and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vates’ collards were direct seeded in 4 row plots 35 ft long on 18 Jul. Plants were spaced 4 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each 2 row plot was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on 26 Aug; 3, 9, 18 and 23 Sep. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 0-5 and were indexed as follows: 0) no damage; 1) 1-3% damage—odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage—few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage—moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage—most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage—crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Onion Thrips Control, 1986
Authors: Royer T. A. , Edelson J. V. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, TX. ‘Texas Grano 1105 Y’ onions were direct-seeded 7 Nov into single-row beds (40 inch centers) on a Willacy fine sandy loam soil and furrow irrigated as needed. Nitrogen (N-32) was side-dressed 26 Feb on all plots at 60 lb/acre. All plots were treated with idoprodine at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre on 3 and 17 Feb, and 11 Mar, for control of purple blotch (Alternaria porri (Ell.) Cif.) The experiment was arranged in a completely random design with 5 replications. Plots measured 20 ft by two beds. Treatments were applied on 7 and 11 Mar as foliar sprays delivered through a C02 powered ground sprayer at a rate of 30 gal/acre finished formulation. Thrips populations were counted on 5 randomly selected plants per plot on 14 and 18 Mar.
Insect Growth Regulators for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potatoes, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ white potatoes were planted on 3 Apr in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots consisted of 3 rows of potatoes, each row being 25-ft long and 3-ft wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with one drop nozzle on each side of the row and one over the center of each row calibrated to deliver 75 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 28 May, 9 and 26 Jun. Percent plant defoliation was recorded on 6, 18 Jun and 1 Jul. Numbers of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 12 Jun. Plots were harvested and yields (cwt/acre) were recorded on 21 Jul.
Insecticide Phytotoxicity Evaluation on Potato in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Story R. N. , Lye B. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, St. Gabriel, LA to evaluate the phytotoxicity of several compounds on potato. Seed potatoes of the cultivar ‘Red Lasota’ were planted on 38-inch rows on 15 May with a plant spacing of 12 inches. Plots were arranged on a randomized complete block design with 5 replications of single row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 5 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single hollow cone spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 20 and 26 Jun, 3, 10, and 18 Jul. Evaluations of phytotoxicity were made on 23 Jul. A phytotoxicity scale was used to evaluate foliar damage, as follows: (0) = no damage; (1) = minor yellowing and/or spotting, less than 5% of leaf area affected; (2) = moderate yellowing and spotting, 5-15% of leaf area affected; (3) = serious yellowing and spotting, 15-50% of leaf area affected; (4) = severe yellowing, greater than 50% of leaf area affected; and (5) = dead plant. A stunting scale was used to evaluate plant stunting, where 0 = no stunting and 1 = obvious stunting present. All plants in each replication were rated for stunting and phytotoxicity.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Stink Bugs on Processing Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Hoffmann Michael P. , Zalom Frank G. , Wilson L. Ted 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in a commercial planting of processing tomatoes located near Davis, CA. The 4 insecticidal treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design and were 15 ft wide (3 single row beds) and 500 ft long. Insecticides were applied at 15 psi and 20 gal water/acre on 29 Aug using a full-coverage tractor mounted boom sprayer. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated by recording the number of live stink bugs found by picking up and shaking tomato plants onto a 14 X 19 inch tray and by searching the soil beneath the tray to a depth of 1 to 2 inches. Twenty-four samples were taken from each replicate at pre-(28 Aug) and post-treatment (3 and 4 Sep). Pretreatment samples were taken from an outer bed while post-treatment samples were from the center bed of each 3 bed wide replicate. A few Thyanta sp. stink bugs were present and were lumped in with E. conspersus counts for data analysis. Since pretreatment data indicated a trend of lower bug counts on some treatments, we also present results for all stages combined as proportion of pretreatment bugs present at post-treatment.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1986
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Munson R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on 18 Apr near Mount Vernon, MO on a 1-year old stand of alfalfa. Plots were 20 x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The alfalfa was ca. 10 inches tall at time of treatment with a temperature of 75° and 0-5 mph winds. Sprays were applied with a 20-ft spray boom, 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screens. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 20 lb/square inch. Measurable precipitation fell on 7 of the 28 days following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 2.5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment by taking 20 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1986
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Gibb T. J. , Blodgett S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested pre-bud stage alfalfa (13 inches tall) was treated on 11 Apr. Thirteen insecticides and 2 untreated control plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots measured 6 by 9 m. Sprays were applied in water (20 gpa) with a C02-powdered backpack sprayer equipped with 80° hollow cone nozzles.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1986
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at The Pennsylvania State University farm at (I) University Park and on the Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station farm at (II) Rock Springs. 40 by 40 ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the four replications. In experiment I potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps take randomly across each plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net 10 days after the stubble spray on 28 Jul, but before the foliar sprays were applied on that same date. Thereafter, leafhopper densities were sampled on 3, 11, 18, and 26 Aug. This latter date was 39 and 29 days from the stubble and foliar sprays, respectively. Alfalfa height at the time of the foliar sprays was 6 to 8 inches. Sprays were applied in 20 gal of water per acre at 26 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20 ft boom with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens.