bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation following acute myocardial infarction: A narrative review
Authors: Yu Shenglong , Li Chenxi , Guo Huizhuang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundTo evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of anticoagulant therapy and provide a piece of information on anti-thrombotic treatment strategies for patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsLiterature from PubMed and Google scholar were screened until August 2022. Studies assessing oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatments for NOAF in patients with AMI were evaluated for inclusion.ResultsThree retrospective cohort studies were included. In the study performed by Madsen et al., patients with previously diagnosed AMI with or without NOAF were followed up for 5.8 years. About 38% of NOAF patients with anticoagulant therapies, which could reduce long-term mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–1.00]. Hofer et al. performed a single-center cohort study containing 1,372 patients with AMI with an 8.6-year follow-up period. Dual anti-thrombotic therapy (DAT) did not show the effect on the survival in NOAF (adjusted HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.65–1.57), while triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) could reduce long-term cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.45–0.92). Petersen et al. also did a cohort study with 1-year follow-up duration. It showed that anticoagulant therapies demonstrated positive results (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.41–1.47).ConclusionRecent studies have shown that anticoagulant therapy in AMI-NOAF patients can obviously reduce the mortality of AMI-NOAF patients, especially OAC therapy. Further clinical trials could confirm these findings.
Case report: Stereotactic body radiation therapy with 12 Gy for silencing refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Huang Shan-Hui , Wu Yen-Wen , Shueng Pei-Wei , Wang Shan-Ying , Tsai Meng-Chieh , Liu Yuan-Hung , Chuang Wen-Po , Lin Heng-Hsu , Tien Hui-Ju , Yeh Hsin-Pei , Hsieh Chen-Hsi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundEncouraging results have been reported for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT) with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with 25 Gy. SBRT with 12 Gy for refractory VT was designed to reduce long-term cardiac toxicity.MethodsStereotactic body radiation therapy-VT simulation, planning, and treatment were performed using standard techniques. A patient was treated with a marginal dose of 12 Gy in a single fraction to the planning target volume (PTV). The goal was for at least ≥ 95% of the PTV to be covered by at least 95% of 12 Gy radiation.ResultsFrom April 2021 through June 2022, a patient with refractory VT underwent treatment. The volume for PTV was 65.8 cm3. The mean radiation dose administered to the heart (the heart volume excluding the PTV) was 2.2 Gy. No acute or late toxicity was observed after SBRT. Six months after SBRT, the patient experienced new monomorphic right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) VT. Interestingly, the substrate of the left ventricular basal to middle posteroseptal wall before SBRT was turned into scar zones with a local voltage &lt; 0.5 mV. Catheter ablation to treat RVOT VT was performed, and the situation remains stable to date.ConclusionThis study reports the first patient with refractory VT successfully treated with 12.0 Gy SBRT, suggesting that 12 Gy is a potential dose to treat refractory VT. Further investigations and enrollment of more patients are warranted to assess the long-term efficacy and side effects of this treatment.
Prognostic value and immunological characteristics of a novel cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs risk signature in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Peng , Huang Weichao , Du Huifang , Hu Ding , Cao Qingfei , Wang Yinjie , Zhang Huashan , Tong Siqiao , Li Zizhi , Tong Ming 
Published: November 2022

Background: Cuproptosis has been found as a novel cell death mode significantly associated with mitochondrial metabolism, which may be significantly associated with the occurrence and growth of tumors. LncRNAs take on critical significance in regulating the development of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), whereas the correlation between cuproptosis-related LncRNAs (CRLs) and KIRC is not clear at present. Therefore, this study built a prognosis signature based on CRLs, which can achieve accurate prediction of the outcome of KIRC patients.Methods: The TCGA database provided the expression profile information and relevant clinical information of KIRC patients. Univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox were employed for building a risk signature based on CRLs. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed for the verification and evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of risk signature. Then, qRT-PCR analysis of risk LncRNAs was conducted. Finally, the possible effect of the developed risk signature on the microenvironment for tumor immunization was speculated in accordance with ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms.Results: A prognosis signature composed of APCDD1L-DT, MINCR, AL161782.1, and AC026401.3 was built based on CRLs. As revealed by the results of the K-M survival study, the OS rate and progression-free survival rate of highrisk KIRC patients were lower than those of lowrisk KIRC patients, and the areas under ROC curves of 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.828, 0.780, and 0.794, separately. The results of the immune analysis showed that there were significant differences in the status of immunization and the microenvironment of tumor between groups at low-risk and at high-risk. The qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expression level of MINCR and APCDD1L-DT were higher in 786-O and 769-P tumor cells than in HK-2 cells, which were normal renal tubular epithelial cells.Conclusion: The developed risk signature takes on critical significance in the prediction of the prognosis of patients with KIRC, and it can bring a novel direction for immunotherapy and clinical drug treatment of KIRC. In addition, 4 identified risk LncRNAs (especially APCDD1L-DT and MINCR) can be novel targets for immunotherapy of KIRC patients.
Non-invasive prenatal testing for autosomal recessive disorders: A new promising approach
Authors: Alyafee Yusra , Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Umair Muhammad , Alharbi Mashael , Haddad Shahad , Ballow Maryam , Alayyar Latifah , Alam Qamre , Althenayyan Saleh , Al Ghilan Nadia , Al Khaldi Aziza , Faden Majid S. , Al Sufyan Hamad , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: November 2022

Background: In pregnant women at risk of autosomal recessive (AR) disorders, prenatal diagnosis of AR disorders primarily involves invasive procedures, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis.Methods: We collected blood samples from four pregnant women in their first trimester who presented a risk of having a child with an AR disorder. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted, amplified, and double-purified to reduce maternal DNA interference. Additionally, whole-genome amplification was performed for traces of residual purified cfDNA for utilization in subsequent applications.Results: Based on our findings, we detected the fetal status with the family corresponding different genes, i.e., LZTR1, DVL2, HBB, RNASEH2B, and MYO7A, as homozygous affected, wild-type, and heterozygous carriers, respectively. Results were subsequently confirmed by prenatal amniocentesis. The results of AmpFLSTR™ Identifiler™ presented a distinct profile from the corresponding mother profile, thereby corroborating the result reflecting the genetic material of the fetus.Conclusion: Herein, we detected AR disease mutations in the first trimester of pregnancy while surmounting limitations associated with maternal genetic material interference. Importantly, such detection strategies would allow the screening of pregnant women for common AR diseases, especially in highly consanguineous marriage populations. This technique would open avenues for the early detection and prevention of recessive diseases among the population.
Age at menarche and ischemic heart disease: An update mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Heng , Zhu Qiaozhen , Liu Qiannan , Zhou Yan , Li Lan , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2022

Background: Although earlier menarche age has been associated with ischemic heart disease in previous observational studies, the relationship’s causation has not been shown. Through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we were able to define the causal connection.Methods: We performed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to explore the associations between genetically predicted AAM and IHD. Summary-level databases for exposure and outcome were selected from the MR-Base database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) connected to AAM at genome-wide significance level (p &lt; 5 × 10−8) were considered as instrumental variables (IVs). We used four methods to pool MR estimates, including fixed-effects inverse variance weighting (fe-IVW), multiplicative random-effects inverse variance weighting (mre-IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger regression methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. PhenoScanner searches and Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was used for assessing confounders.Results: 117 SNPs significantly correlated with AAM were screened as instruments, the results of three main methods showed that genetically earlier AAM may have a causal effect on the higher risk of IHD (fe-IVW: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.88, p &lt; 0.001; mre-IVW: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90, p &lt; 0.001; WE: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93, p = 0.006). These results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. MR analysis revealed that there was still a relationship between AAM and IHD even when pleiotropic SNPs of confounders were removed employing PhenoScanner searches. In MVMR, the significant association remained after adjusting for biological sex, but it was attenuated with adjustment of body mass index including childhood and adult.Conclusion: Our MR analysis revealed a substantial genetically determined confounder-mediated relationship between an increase in genetically predicted AAM and a lower risk of IHD. By addressing the intervention of body mass index, the risk of IHD may be lowered.
Bullous pemphigoid—What do we know about the most recent therapies?
Authors: Zeng Faith A. P. , Murrell Dedee F. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subtype of autoimmune blistering diseases that primarily affects the elderly and is classically defined by the presence of IgG and/or complement C3 against the BP180 and BP230 hemidesmosome proteins. However, most recent studies have introduced the role of specific eosinophil receptors and chemokine mediators in the pathogenesis of BP which are helpful in identifying new targets for future treatments.Areas coveredThis review will focus on the involvement of eosinophils in BP, including the processes that lead to their recruitment, activation, and regulation. Subsequently, covering new therapeutic options in relation to the role of eosinophils. Eotaxin enhances the recruitment of eosinophils in BP, with CCR3 chemoreceptor that is expressed on eosinophils being identified as a key binding site for eotaxin-1. The pathogenic role of IgE and IL-4 in BP is corroborated by successful treatments with Omalizumab and Dupilumab, respectively. IL-5, IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors may be effective given their roles in promoting eosinophilia.Expert opinionFurther research into inhibitors of eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, IL-23, CCR3, and specific complement factors are warranted as preliminary studies have largely identified success in treating BP with these agents. Learning from novel treatments for other IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases may be beneficial.
Seizure outcome-related factors in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Peijuan , Zhong Rui , Chen Qingling , Lin Weihong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIdentifying the predictors for seizure outcome in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and investigating how to prevent persistent seizures would have major clinical benefits effectively. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine seizure outcome-related factors in AE patients.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to 10 June 2022 for studies investigating seizure outcome-related factors in AE. The pooled effect estimates, including standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated to estimate the effect of each included factor on the seizure outcome.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our pooled results of this meta-analysis showed that five factors were found to increase the risk of persistent seizures in AE patients, including onset with seizures (OR = 2.106, 95% CI = 1.262–3.514, p = 0.004), status epilepticus (OR = 3.017, 95% CI = 1.995–4.563, p &lt; 0.001), EEG abnormalities (OR = 1.581, 95% CI = 1.016–2.46, p = 0.042), MRI abnormalities (OR = 1.554, 95% CI = 1.044–2.283, p = 0.03), and longer time from clinical onset to immunotherapy (SMD = 1.887, 95% CI = 0.598–3.156, p = 0.004).ConclusionOur meta-analysis indicated that onset with seizures, status epilepticus, EEG abnormalities, MRI abnormalities, and longer time from clinical onset to immunotherapy were risk factors for persistent seizures in AE patients.
The convergent and divergent patterns in brain perfusion between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia: An ASL MRI study
Authors: Chen Hongri , Xu Yao , Chen Lanlan , Shang Songan , Luo Xianfu , Wang Xin , Xia Wei , Zhang Hongying 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAberrant brain blood perfusion changes have been found to play an important role in the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). However, the convergent and divergent patterns in brain perfusion between two dementias remain poorly documented.ObjectiveTo explore the impaired brain perfusion pattern and investigate their overlaps and differences between AD and PDD using normalized cerebral blood flow (CBF).MethodsThe regional perfusion in patients with AD and PDD as well as healthy control (HC) subjects were explored using the three-dimensional arterial spin labeling. The normalized CBF values were compared across the three groups and further explored the potential linkages to clinical assessments.ResultsIn total, 24 patients with AD, 26 patients with PDD, and 35 HC subjects were enrolled. Relative to the HC group, both the AD group and the PDD group showed reduced normalized CBF mainly in regions of the temporal and frontal gyrus, whereas preserved perfusion presented in the sensorimotor cortex and basal ganglia area. Compared with the AD group, the PDD group showed decreased perfusion in the right putamen and right supplementary motor area (SMA), while preserved perfusion in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and right precuneus. In the AD group, significant correlations were observed between the normalized CBF values in the right IPL and scores of global cognitive function (P = 0.033, ρ = 0.442), between the normalized CBF values in the right precuneus and the scores of memory function (P = 0.049,ρ = 0.406). The normalized CBF in the right putamen was significantly linked to cores of motor symptoms (P = 0.017, ρ = 0.214) in the PDD group.ConclusionOur findings suggested convergent and divergent patterns of brain hemodynamic dysregulation between AD and PDD and contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms.
The oral bioaccessibility and gingival cytotoxicity of metal(loid)s in wild vegetables from mining areas: Implication for human oral health
Authors: Tian Wen , Gao Peng , Zong Da-Peng , Liu Jian-Jun , Zhang Meng-Yan , Wang Cheng-Chen , Wang Zhen-Xing , Wang Jian-Min , Niu You-Ya , Xiang Ping 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHeavy metal(loid)s are frequently detected in vegetables posing potential human health risks, especially for those grown around mining areas. However, the oral bioaccessibility and gingival cytotoxicity of heavy metals in wild vegetables remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we assessed the total and bioaccessible Cr, As, Cd, Pb, and Ni in four wild vegetables from mining areas in Southwest China. In addition, the cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of vegetable saliva extracts on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) were studied.ResultsThe Plantago asiatica L. (PAL) showed the highest bioaccessible Cr, As, Cd, and Pb, while the greatest bioaccessible Ni was in Taraxacum mongolicum (TMM). The Pteridium aquilinum (PAM), Chenopodium album L. (CAL), and TMM extracts decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, caused DNA damage, and disrupted associated gene expressions. However, PAL extracts which have the highest bioaccessible heavy metals did not present adverse effects on HGEC, which may be due to its inhibition of apoptosis by upregulating p53 and Bcl-2.ConclusionOur results indicated that polluted vegetable intake caused toxic effects on human gingiva. The heavy metals in vegetables were not positively related to human health risks. Collectively, both bioaccessibility and toxic data should be considered for accurate risk assessment.
Ultrasound super-resolution imaging for differential diagnosis of breast masses
Authors: Zhang Ge , Lei Yu-Meng , Li Nan , Yu Jing , Jiang Xian-Yang , Yu Mei-Hui , Hu Hai-Man , Zeng Shu-E , Cui Xin-Wu , Ye Hua-Rong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveUltrasound imaging has been widely used in breast cancer screening. Recently, ultrasound super-resolution imaging (SRI) has shown the capability to break the diffraction limit to display microvasculature. However, the application of SRI on differential diagnosis of breast masses remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of SRI for visualizing microvasculature and differential diagnosis of breast masses.MethodsB mode, color-Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images of 46 patients were collected respectively. SRI were generated by localizations of each possible contrast signals. Micro-vessel density (MVD) and microvascular flow rate (MFR) were calculated from SRI and time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) were obtained by quantitative analysis of CEUS images respectively. Pathological results were considered as the gold standard. Independent chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using these parameters to examine the correlation.ResultsThe results showed that SRI technique could be successfully applied on breast masses and display microvasculature at a significantly higher resolution than the conventional CDFI and CEUS images. The results showed that the PI, AUC, MVD and MFR of malignant breast masses were significantly higher than those of benign breast masses, while TTP was significantly lower than that of benign breast masses. Among all five parameters, MVD showed the highest positive correlation with the malignancy of breast masses.ConclusionsSRI is able to successfully display the microvasculature of breast masses. Compared with CDFI and CEUS, SRI can provide additional morphological and functional information for breast masses. MVD has a great potential in assisting the differential diagnosis of breast masses as an important imaging marker.
Recommendations of the clinical target volume for the para-aortic region based on the patterns of lymph node metastasis in patients with biliary tract cancer
Authors: Long Xin , Wu Han , Yang Lei , Xu Hui , Dai Jing , Wang Wenbo , Xia Ling , Peng Jin , Zhou Fuxiang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundEven though the clinical target volume (CTV) in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients has been proposed by several previous studies, the para aortic CTV for BTC is still not well-defined. The objective of this study was to determine the precise delineation of the para aortic CTV for BTC according to the distribution pattern and failure pattern of lymph nodes.MethodsComputed tomography (CT)-, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- or positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT)-generated images of patients with BTC from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution patterns of lymph nodes in different regions were summarized. The diagnosed para aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) were manually mapped to standard axial CT images. The asymmetric CTV expansions from the para aortic were defined according to the distance from the volumetric centre of lymph node to the most proximal border of aorta.ResultsA total of 251 positive lymph nodes were found in the study cohort (n = 61 patients, 92 PALN). All PALNs were projected onto axial CT image of the standard patient. PALNs were concentrated in the 16a2 and 16b1 regions, and the involvement rates were 17% and 13% respectively. Therefore, the upper boundary of 16a2 and the lower boundary of 16b1 were defined as the cranial and caudal border of para aortic CTV, respectively. For the study cohort, the mean distance from the volume center of all lymph nodes in 16a2 and 16b1 to the proximal border of the aorta was 9 mm (range 4-24) in the front, 7 mm (range 3-14) on the left, and 12 mm (range 5-29) on the right. For the validation cohort (n=19 patients, 56 PALN), the mean distance from the center of the lymph node to the border of the aorta were both 10 mm on the left (range 5-20) and right (range 6-23). The mean distance in front of the aorta was 9 mm (range 5–23). Finally, a CTV expansion from the aorta of 18 mm in the front, 12 mm on the left, and 24 mm on the right resulted in 96% (73/76) coverage of PALNs in the study cohort. At the time of the validation, the described CTV could include 96% (47/49) of recurrent PALNs in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe involvement rates of PALNs in 16a2 and 16b1 were the highest. Based on the distribution of PALNs, a new para-aortic CTV was defined to construct a more accurate target volume for adjuvant radiotherapy in BTC.
Efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizic acid preparation treating comorbid liver injury in COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Xu , Tian Xia , Ma Zhipeng , Chen Jiali , Huang Qingsong , Gao Peiyang , Zhang Chuantao 
Published: November 2022

Background: No specific drug for COVID-19 has been found, and many studies have found that different degrees of liver injury often occurred after infection with COVID-19. Glycyrrhizic acid preparation (GAP) has been frequently used clinically, often combined with conventional treatments such as antiviral therapy, to improve the prognosis of COVID-19 and patients’ liver function.Aims: To critically review and analyze clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of GAP in the treatment of COVID-19 alone and COVID-19 with comorbid liver injury.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed following a sensitive searching strategy that examines all articles published in “WHO COVID-19 Research Database,” “Cochrane Library,” “VIP,” “CNKI,” “Wanfang,” and “CBM” from 2020 to July 2022. Articles were evaluated by peer reviewers and used Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools to complete the assessment of the risk of bias.Results: Ten clinical studies were finally included, involving 598 patients with COVID-19, of whom 189 were confirmed to be with comorbid liver injury. The main GAPs used are diammonium glycyrrhizinate and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, which have shown efficacy in improving liver function, inhibiting inflammation, and enhancing immunity. We are still seeking more related research.Conclusion: Glycyrrhizic acid preparations (mainly diammonium glycyrrhizinate and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate) have a considerable clinical effect on improving liver function in patients with COVID-19 alone or with comorbid liver injury. Further studies on the use of GAP in the treatment of COVID-19 with comorbid liver injury and its mechanism are still needed.Systematic Review Registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021234647].