bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Low-Cost Zero Liquid Discharge in Offshore Production Operations
Authors: Mohd Sahak Muhammad Zakwan , Mohd Shafian Siti Rohaida , Saadon Shazleen , Myo Thant Maung Maung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Produced water from oil and gas operations across the globe is steadily rising towards a 3:1 ratio of oil production, if not managed properly leads to pollution and severe environmental impact. Treatment and disposal costs remain the primary concern with the ongoing global push towards the transition to cleaner energy and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). Typical PWRI specifications required are Oil-In-Water (OIW) less than 5-10ppm, total suspended solids less than 10ppm, particle size typically less than 2μm for other contaminants and chemicals. These physical and chemical properties depend on the geographic location of the field and reservoir formations, resulting in high treatment costs and complex operations. A new PWRI technology which focuses on reducing the oil droplets' size was studied. In series of laboratory experiments conducted, it was found that an optimum combination of surfactant concentration and mixing intensity was able to effectively reduce OIW size, preventing the formation of larger particles due to the reduced surface size and contact area of the oil droplets and subsequently lower injectivity risk. As a result, produced water with OIW content as high as 300 ppm can be reinjected, leading to a smaller system footprint. It is expected that this technology could accelerate the implementation of PWRI offshore. As produced water stream usually increases towards the latter years of oil and gas fields, this low-cost PWRI technology provides an enormous opportunity at matured offshore assets without substantial investment in new facilities thus favoring project economics. With the ongoing global push towards the transition to cleaner energy and zero liquid discharge, this process is contributing to the sustainable operation of upstream facilities by reducing discharge to the sea, reducing the exposure of hydrocarbon and contaminants from the reservoir to the environment, and supporting SDG12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
A New-Type Eccentric Christmas Tree for Hollow Rod Electric Heating in Offshore ESP Wells
Authors: Fang Tao , Shang Baobing , Han Xiaodong , Zhao Shunchao , Zhou Yugang , Qi Yadong , Hao Tongchun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The hollow rod electric heating (HREH) technology can greatly increase the temperature of the fluid in wellbore and improve its fluidity, which is widely used in rod pump wells. Bohai offshore oilfields also have urgent application requirements for HREH technology due to the wide distribution of heavy oil and high waxy crude oil. However, more than 90% of the oil wells there are produced by electric submersible pumps (ESPs). None of these christmas trees in use are suitable for ESP wells using HREH technology.
Based on the conventional christmas tree with only one main channel, a new type of eccentric christmas tree, with separated main channel and cable channel, is designed. As with the conventional ones, the main channel works as the flow passage of wellbore fluids. And the cable channel is used to run and pull out the heating cable. The eccentric design of the main channel provides the space for the cable channel. The separate cable channel avoids the cable crossing the main channel, so that the master valve of the christmas tree can be opened and closed normally, which contributes to ensuring safe production. In the meanwhile, the christmas tree can also seal the heating cable owing to some special design.
This new device has been successfully tested on 6 ESP wells in Bohai Bay. After the installation of the christmas tree, the cable was smoothly run down to the predetermined depth. The construction operation was simple and convenient. There was no oil or gas leakage at wellhead after it was put into use. The wellhead temperature of all these wells reached above 50°C and no wax deposited in tubing any more, verifying its safety and reliability.
This new type of safe and reliable christmas tree lays a solid foundation for the popularization and application of HREH technology, especially in those waxy oil wells and heavy oil wells with ESPs.
Reservoir Souring Simulation and Modelling Study for Field with Long History of Water Injection: History Matching, Prediction
Authors: Mithani Aijaz Hussain , Rosland Eadie Azhar , Jamaludin M Aiman , W Ismail W Rokiah , Lajawi Maxwell Tommie , A Salam Irzie Hani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The field under study is a mature brownfield with no H2S in the fluid stream (PVT) at the time of development. However, concentrations more than 1000 ppm were recorded recently causing wells to shut in (a few already shut). Hence, to bring these wells on stream an assessment of souring potential in the field is required. This paper is the results of our experience in H2S mapping at reservoir-well-facilities modelling, history matching, and prediction of H2S. We will highlight the workflow adopted to find the root causes of souring via sampling and modelling approach since the H2S is measured throughout the field across all the reservoirs, including those undergoing waterflood. Moreover, various options that were studied through simulation will be discussed for mitigation and management of H2S within this field to safeguard the production, and thus recovery of the field.
A systematic phased approach is adopted to mitigate and manage the unwanted sour gas (H2S). In the first phase, we performed the analysis of the historical development of H2S throughout the field and developed the concept for possible souring causes. In the second phase, we designed and conducted a comprehensive sampling and laboratory analysis program end-to-end to fill the existing knowledge gap. In the third phase, we performed 3D dynamic reservoir souring modelling where we history matched the H2S and assessed the future potential via forecasting. Finally, we developed multiple mitigation scenarios ranging from nitrate injection, sulphate reducing unit, limiting the nutrient supply for microbe growth via water mixing, etc.
It was evident that a) increased injection water contributed to souring wells, b) link between souring wells and nutrient availability, c) increased negative fractioning of a Sulphur isotope as H2S concentration increases, and d) and mesophilic SRBs detected in some souring wells. This evidence suggested that BSR is the predominant cause of souring. It was also seen based on water chemistry that injection water was rich in sulfate while formation water was rich in volatile fatty acids. Results indicate that the nitrate injection (up to 200 ppm) alone may not be an attractive option to mitigate the H2S within this field. However, the combination of SRU and nitrate injection of 150 ppm could be a technically feasible option to mitigate such high concentration of H2S within allowable facilities limits.
Perf, Wash and Cementing Technique Remediates Cemented Annulus to Achieve High Quality Bond Across the Entire Interval in Complex Slot Recovery Operation
Authors: Torvestad Bjørn Tore , Stokkeland Thore Andre , Fliss Andreas , Zapata Bermudez Fernando , Fagna Jan Ove , Fossdal Tormod , Carlsen Stanghelle Marie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The objective of this abstract is to demonstrate how a complex slot recovery operation was performed to permanently plug the main reservoir and the intermediate formation to facilitate a new sidetrack. There were several challenges to overcome in this well and it was favorable to install the annular barriers as deep as possible just above a 7" tieback packer. The 9 5/8" casing was logged and the annulus condition at the depth was cemented, however most of the interval had patchy cement bond with medium isolating potential. Some of the interval had well bonded heterogeneous cement around the annulus, but not enough continues bond to comply with company standards and regulatory requirements in the country.
Based on this challenge, a procedure using the perf, wash, and cementing technique, all in a single trip, was chosen as the best solution as this technique had been very successful in achieving high quality annular barriers across this field for years. High cement content in the annulus was risk assessed and planned accordingly. The decision was made to perforate two different intervals using TCP guns to subsequently drop them in the rat hole. The casing was perforated from 2155 – 2130 mMD and 2111 – 2069 mMD with the overall goal of achieving 86 meters of continues high-quality cement. The next step was to wash the perforated intervals, and that was done effectively with declining standpipe pressure and a unique system that focus the washing fluids into the perforations using inversed swap cups to result in a large amount of cement coming over the shakers. The large amount of cement over the shakers was a testament of the efficiency of the system. It clearly shows the capabilities of restoring barriers by removing patchy cement and provide a new high quality cement plug across the interval. The operation was completed with a flawless cement job utilizing the uniquely engineered Pump and Pull method that is specific to this system and part of the standard operating procedure of the provider.
The results speak for itself; the entire operation was a milestone for both the service company and the operator. After the cement set up it was drilled out and the annulus was re-logged to verify the effectiveness of the operation. The result was high quality cement bond across both the perforated intervals and the customer had achieved 86 meters of high-quality cement bond in the annulus. The objective was met, and the complex dual interval operation was successfully executed with industry leading performance. The operation has proved its efficiency in a cemented annulus setting a new benchmark for the system going forward.
Carbon Capture and Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: Lessons Learned from Projects in Asia Pacific
Authors: Wong Daniel Lorng Yon , Adam Peter Alastair 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a lot harder than it seems. Storage capacity can be far lower than a back-of-the-envelope calculation would suggest and keeping Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the desired phase requires careful engineering. As the adoption of carbon pricing mechanisms increase in Asia Pacific, more CCS projects are expected to be developed. In this paper, we share some technical lessons learned while working on several of these projects. The paper provides an overview of factors that should be considered for CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, primarily concerning capacity, injectivity and containment. We further discuss some of the challenges faced while assessing these factors. Firstly, we highlight the impact that regional geothermal gradients have on storage site selection. Particularly, we show that higher geothermal gradients due to the proximity to the ring of fire affects CO2 capacity negatively and CO2 injectivity positively. Building on this lesson, we propose a graphical approach which provides improved insights when screening depleted reservoirs for CO2 storage; the approach combines both density and viscosity data to screen reservoirs for capacity and injectivity. Next, challenges surrounding the dynamic modelling of CO2 injection into depleted reservoirs are discussed. We compare the use of large and small scale models, and their implications on simulation accuracy and well placement optimization. We also discuss simulation stopping techniques, and how the incorrect application of a stopping criterion may result in capacity overestimation and risk of CO2 leakage. Finally, we demonstrate the need for careful engineering at injection sites to accommodate complicated CO2 phase transitions. Two approaches were compared – injecting CO2 in liquid or supercritical state versus injecting CO2 in gas state. The trade-offs between both approaches suggested that neither options should be ruled out by default, and that both options should be evaluated against project specific constraints.
A Comparative Study of the Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State and a Peng-Robinson Equation of State–Based Solid Model for Asphaltene Simulation in the Wellbore
Authors: Coelho Fernando M. C. , Okuno Ryosuke , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Ezekoye Ofodike A. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Asphaltene is one of the main flow-assurance concerns in oil production. Its precipitation and further deposition along the flow path (wellbore or reservoir) can cause reduced hydrocarbon flow rates and even a total blockage. These potential damages have caused a growing interest in computationally efficient methods to predict asphaltene precipitation, depending on flow conditions.
This paper presents two different approaches: (i) a model from Li and Firoozabadi (2010), using a simplified version of the cubic-plus-association equation of state (CPA EOS), and (ii) a version of a solid model based on the Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS, with no association term. The two approaches are compared in isolated flash calculations and wellbore flow simulations with asphaltene deposition. The comparisons are made using the same fluid parameters for both approaches as much as possible.
Results show that, if provided with adequate input data, the solid model can consistently match results from the more complex CPA model quite successfully for several fluid compositions. An attempt is made to explain the “success” of the solid model in reproducing CPA model results. The solid model cannot adjust to fluid-composition changes in a manner similar to that of CPA. Therefore, the solid model seems more suitable for wellbore than reservoir simulation, which tends to involve a higher level of fluid mixing. However, the efficiency of the solid model can reduce the computational time by a factor of 2 in comparison with CPA.
Continental-scale climatic gradients of pathogenic microbial taxa in birds and bats
Authors: Xu Yanjie , Poosakkannu Anbu , Suominen Kati , Laine Veronika , Lilley Thomas , Pulliainen Arto , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change may alter the threat of zoonotic and wildlife diseases, by changing environmental suitability for hosts, ectoparasites, and pathogens. However, the connections between climatic variables and diseases remains equivocal. We compiled a systematic database for the prevalence of 121 pathogenic microbial taxa in birds and bats, including 11,801 observations from over 450,000 individuals across Europe and surrounding regions. Using a space-for-time-substitution approach, we modelled the potential connection of climatic variables on the prevalence of different pathogenic taxa. The prevalence of influenza A virus and several bacterial taxa in birds (376 species) and bats (39 species) positively correlated with temperature. Rainfall showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of viral taxa but the directions of significant correlations varied between bacterial taxa. The results suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation may potentially alter the threat of bird- and bat-associated pathogenic microbial taxa to the wild-life, domesticated animals and humans.
Food Security in Emerging Economies: Trends From Scoping Review Under the Sustainability Lens
Authors: Martins Flávio P. , Lourenço Carlos Eduardo , Mata Mayline M. , Santana André Bento Chaves , de Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares , Batalhão André C.S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of food security issues are most evident in developing countries. The research topics influencing the debate on food security are not always easy to assess. Without a deeper understanding of the topics driving the food security research agenda may lead to bias. This study used a scoping review of the research themes associated with food security in two contexts: a world context and a developing country context. Using two sets containing 15,875 articles (for the world context) and 465 articles (for the Brazilian context), we obtained four thematic drivers in the world context (Covid-19 and civilisational socio-economic goals; climate change and food chains for sustainable development; nutrition and security health specifics; emerging economies and public policy) and four thematic drivers on the developing country context (climate change, bioenergy and biofuels; food security, nutrition and health; family farming and public policy; specific biomes and deforestation. Sustainable Development goals supported the assessment of the literature gap and two research directions were proposed as food security trade-offs and public food policy implications.
Effects of Ground Plane on a Square Graphene Ribbon Patch Antenna Designed on a High-Permittivity Substrate with PBG structures
Authors: BENDAOUDI Amina , BERKA Mohammed , Debab Mohamed , MAHDJOUB Zoubir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a wide bandwidth (20 GHz) and small sized (200×200×50 µm3) terahertz (THz) square graphene ribbon antenna using Photonic Band Gap (PBG) substrate are investigated in the 0.6–0.8 THz band. The proposed antenna consists of graphene as radiating patch mounted on four types of ground plane. The important aim of this work is to eliminate the second resonance frequency by utilize a several types of ground plane and keep a single frequency by improving the performance of the proposed antenna. The effect of change ground plane on the performance of antenna is compared, in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, directivity and radiation pattern. The antenna has achieved good gain (7.62 dB) and good directivity (6.38 dB) in comparison to work reported in the literature.
Revealing Topology in Metals using Experimental Protocols Inspired by K-Theory
Authors: Cheng Wenting , Cerjan Alexander , Chen Ssu-Ying , Prodan Emil , Loring Terry , Prodan Camelia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Topological metals are special conducting materials with gapless band structures and nontrivial edge-localized resonances, whose discovery has proved elusive because the traditional topological classification methods require (possibly incomplete) band gaps to define topological robustness. Inspired by recent theoretical developments that leveraged techniques from the field of C*-algebras to identify topological metals, here, we directly observe topological phenomena in gapless acoustic crystals and provide a general experimental technique to demonstrate their topology. Specifically, we not only observe robust boundary-localized states in a topological acoustic metal, but also re-interpret a composite operator, mathematically derived from the K-theory of the problem, as a new Hamiltonian, whose physical implementation allows us to directly observe a topological spectral flow and measure the topological invariants. Our observations and experimental protocols may offer insights for discovering topological behavior across a wide array of artificial and natural materials that lack bulk band gaps.
Effect of the one-shot cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia and heart rate variability of health care workers at the time of Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amra Babak , Ghadiry Faranak , vaezei atefe , nematollahy alireza , radfar niayesh , haghjoo shaghayegh , penzel thomas , Morin Charles M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The emergence of sleep disturbances in response to major stressful events has been documented previously. Insomnia and Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective marker that provides insight into autonomic nervous system dynamics. The aim of the present study was to examine the preliminary efficacy and effectiveness of a one-shot session of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) for frontline healthcare providers with acute insomnia.
Methods
This study was conducted from in 2020–2021 on fifty health care workers with insomnia, that were randomly allocated to receive one shot cognitive behavioral therapy or routine care. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and HRV were assessed before and one month after the interventions.
Results
ISI score decreased in the intervention group (from 13.32 to 6.74, P = 0.0001). The change before and after the intervention was significant between two groups for HFnu and LF/HF.HF nu increase in the intervention group (35.8 ± 21.5 vs 45.6 ± 19.79 before and after the intervention respectively), and decrease in the control group (43.9 ± 16.46 vs 39.8 ± 18.49, before and after the intervention respectively )
Conclusion
A single-shot session of CBT-I is effective in managing acute insomnia symptoms in health workers.
Detection and genetic characterization of canine kobuvirus from stray dogs in Shanghai, China.
Authors: Deng Bo , Song Yuying , Li Liang , Zhou Yumen , Zhu Chunyan , Zhang Weiyi , Feng Dongsheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, rectal samples from stray dogs (n = 60) collected from dog shelters were screened for the presence of kobuvirus and other enteroviruses by qRT-PCR. Canine kobuvirus were detected in 20 % (15/60) of the samples. Of 15 positive samples, the co-infection rates of canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus, canine astrovirus, canine norovirus and canine rotavirus was 26.67% (4/15), 20% (3/15), 73.33% (11/15), 0% (0/15), 20% (3/15), respectively. By phylogenetic analysis based on partial VP1, we found a novel canine kobuvirus which was recombined by canine and feline kobuvirus. Meanwhile, the result of Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis revealed the evolution rate of VP1 gene of CaKoV was 1.36 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year with 95% HPD interval [6.28× 10−7, 4.30× 10−4 substitutions/site/year] and divergence time of VP1 was aroud 19.44 years ago with 95% HPD interval [12.96, 27.57].
Bragg glass signatures in PdxErTe3 with X-ray diffraction Temperature Clustering (X-TEC)
Authors: Kim Eun-Ah , Mallayya Krishnanand , Straquadine Joshua , Krogstad Matthew , Bachmann Maja , Singh Anisha , Osborn Raymond , Rosenkranz Stephan , Fisher Ian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Making progress in studying the interplay between disorder and fluctuations is challenged by the complexity of extracting robust insights from experiments affected by noise and finite resolution.
This has hindered observations of the Bragg glass phase, which is predicted to occur in vortex lattices and charge density wave systems in the presence of disorder. Despite its sharp theoretical definition in terms of diverging correlation lengths, establishing the existence of the Bragg glass phase in a charge density wave system has been challenging. Here, we present the first bulk probe evidence of a Bragg glass phase in the systematically disordered
CDW material PdErTe<3> using comprehensive x-ray data and a novel machine learning data analysis tool,
X-ray Temperature Clustering (X-TEC).
Using data from 20,000 Brillouin zones readily analyzed using X-TEC, we establish a diverging correlation length in samples with moderate intercalation over a wide temperature range. To enable such comprehensive analysis, we introduced a new high-throughput measure of inverse correlation length: "peak-spread".
The detection of Bragg glass order and the resulting phase diagram advance our understanding of the complex interplay between disorder and fluctuations significantly. Moreover, the use of X-TEC to target fluctuations through a high-throughput measure of "peak spread" can revolutionize how the fluctuations are studied in scattering experiments.