bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical anatomy of the vaginal vault
Authors: Haylen Bernard T. , Vu Dzung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimVaginal vault (VV) surgery should be a key part of surgery for a majority of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The surgical anatomy of the VV, the upper most part of the vagina, has not been recently subject to a dedicated examination and description.MethodsCadaver studies were performed in (i) 10 unembalmed cadaveric pelves (observation); (ii) 2 unembalmed cadaveric pelves (dissection); (iii) 5 formalinized hemipelves (dissection). The structural outline and ligamentous supports of the VV were determined. Further confirmation of observations in post‐hysterectomy patients were from a separate study on 300 consecutive POP repairs, 46% of whom had undergone prior hysterectomy.ResultsThe VV is equivalent to the Level I section of the vagina, measured posteriorly from the top of the posterior vaginal wall (apex or highest part of the vagina) to 2.5 cm below this point. It comprises the anterior fornix (through which cervix protrudes or is removed at hysterectomy), posterior fornix and two lateral fornices. Before hysterectomy, the posterior aspects of the cervix and upper vagina are supported by the uterosacral (USL) and cardinal ligaments (CL), the distal segments of which fuse together to form a cardinal‐uterosacral ligament complex (cardinal utero‐sacral complex), around 2–3 cm long. Post‐‐‐hysterectomy, there is some residual USL support to the anterior fornix but the posterior fornix has no ligamentous support and is thus more vulnerable to prolapse.ConclusionEffective management of VV prolapse will need to be part of most POP repairs. Enhanced understanding of the surgical anatomy of the vaginal vault allows more effective planning of those POP surgeries.
The mediating role of alexithymia and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system and depression in Turkish population
Authors: Bilge Yıldız , Tankut Ülkü 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationships between the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)/behavioral activation system (BAS), depression, cognitive flexibility, and alexithymia, and to determine the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between BIS/BAS and depression. Data were collected from a community sample, consisting of 1,275 people, 904 women (70.90%) and 371 (29.10%) men, aged 18–65 years. It was detected that the whole variables in this research were interrelated. Additionally, for the mediation analyses, two significant models in which were determined the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between the dimensions of BIS‐Fear and BAS‐Reward and depression were created. Consequently, high BIS‐Fear and low BAS‐Reward were associated with susceptibility to depression through decreased cognitive flexibility and increased alexithymia. Moreover, it may be possible to identify which subdimensions of alexithymia and cognitive flexibility play a role in the relationship between depression and reward/punishment systems and which of these are risk factors via the models tested in this study. In this way, clinical interventions for the factors that are both associated with depressive symptoms and mediators for depression can be planned and this can help to achieve effective results in the therapy process.
Quantitative understanding of HepaRG cells during drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis through changes in bile canaliculi dynamics
Authors: Sonoi Rie , Hagihara Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn understanding of the quantitative relationship between bile canaliculus (BC) dynamics and the disruption of tight junctions (TJs) during drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis may lead to new strategies aimed at drug development and toxicity testing. To investigate the relationship between BC dynamics and TJ disruption, we retrospectively analyzed the extent of TJ disruption in response to changes in the dynamics of BCs cultured with entacapone (ENT). Three hours after adding ENT, the ZO‐1‐negative BC surface area ratio became significantly higher (4.1‐fold) than those of ZO‐1‐positive BCs. Based on these data, we calculated slopes of surface area changes, m, of each ZO‐1‐positive and ZO‐1‐negative BC. BCs with m ≤ 15 that fell within the 95% confidence interval of ZO‐1‐positive BCs were defined as ZO‐1‐positive. To validate this method, we compared the frequency of ZO‐1‐positive BCs, FZ, with that of BCs with m ≤ 15, FT, in culture using drugs that regulate TJ, or induce intrahepatic cholestasis. FT values were correlated with FZ under all culture conditions (R2 = .99). Our results indicate that the magnitude of BC surface area changes is a factor affecting TJ disruption, suggesting that maintaining TJ integrity by slowing BC dilation inhibits cell death.
Are thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and analog taltirelin viable reversal agents of opioid‐induced respiratory depression?
Authors: Algera Marieke Hyke , Cotten Joseph F. , van Velzen Monique , Niesters Marieke , Boon Martijn , Shoham Daniel S. , Dandrea Kaye E. , van der Schrier Rutger , Dahan Albert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpioid‐induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is a potentially life‐threatening complication of opioid consumption. Apart from naloxone, an opioid antagonist that has various disadvantages, a possible reversal strategy is treatment of OIRD with the hypothalamic hormone and neuromodulator thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH). In this review, we performed a search in electronic databases and retrieved 52 papers on the effect of TRH and TRH‐analogs on respiration and their efficacy in the reversal of OIRD in awake and anesthetized mammals, including humans. Animal studies show that TRH and its analog taltirelin stimulate breathing via an effect at the preBötzinger complex, an important respiratory rhythm generator within the brainstem respiratory network. An additional respiratory excitatory effect may be related to TRH’s analeptic effect. In awake and anesthetized rodents, TRH and taltirelin improved morphine‐ and sufentanil‐induced respiratory depression, by causing rapid shallow breathing. This pattern of breathing increases the work of breathing, dead space ventilation, atelectasis, and hypoxia. In awake and anesthetized humans, a continuous infusion of intravenous TRH with doses up to 8 mg, did not reverse sufentanil‐ or remifentanil‐induced respiratory depression. This is related to poor penetration of TRH into the brain compartment but also other causes are discussed. No human data on taltirelin are available. In conclusion, data from animals and human indicate that TRH is not a viable reversal agent of OIRD in awake or anesthetized humans. Further human studies on the efficacy and safety of TRH’s more potent and longer lasting analog taltirelin are needed as this agent seems to be a more promising reversal drug.
Nano‐EMB‐SP improves the solubility, foliar affinity, photostability and bioactivity of emamectin benzoate
Authors: Gao Fei , Cui Bo , Wang Chong , Li Xingye , Li Bohao , Zhan Shenshan , Shen Yue , Zhao Xiang , Sun Changjiao , Wang Chunxin , Wang Yan , Zeng Zhanghua , Cui Haixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmamectin benzoate (EMB), a frequently used biopesticide, is poorly soluble in water, making it difficult to wet the leaf surface, is prone to degrade in sunlight and readily loses its bioactivity. Traditional methods such as organic solvent application, pH adjustment and addition of photoprotectants either increase the economic and environmental costs or barely achieve the desired goal. We hypothesized that nanotechnology could improve the solubility, foliar affinity, photostability and bioactivity of EMB. This research set out to prepare a nano‐EMB solid powder (nano‐EMB‐SP) and test this hypothesis.RESULTSNano‐EMB‐SP was prepared using a self‐emulsifying method combined with carrier solidification. The mean particle size and Polydispersity index (PDI) of nano‐EMB‐SP were 14.64 nm and 0.24, respectively. A scanning electron microscopy image showed that EMB nanoparticles were mainly spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. Without organic solvent, the aqueous solubility of EMB in nano‐EMB‐SP was 4500 mg L−1, at least 14‐fold that of the EMB soluble granule (EMB‐SG), which is solubilized by pH adjustment. Excellent foliar affinity of EMB was achieved by nano‐EMB‐SP, which completely wet and penetrated the superhydrophobic surface of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) leaf. Without photoprotectants, up to 82% of EMB content can be protected from ultraviolet (UV) damage in nano‐EMB‐SP. The combined effects of excellent photostability and foliar affinity of nano‐EMB‐SP led to the bioactivity of EMB being almost unchanged before and after UV radiation.CONCLUSIONNano‐EMB‐SP is an eco‐friendly and efficient way to improve the solubility, foliar affinity, photostability and bioactivity of EMB. This research provides a good approach to improving the efficacy of poorly soluble and UV‐sensitive pesticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Almost perfect sequence modulated multiplexing ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Meng Qingyan , Jia Xu , Zhang Hanghang , Wang Zhiyan , Liu Wenjie 
Published: May 2022

RationaleMultiplexing ion mobility spectrometry with multiple ion injection pulses was used to achieve a high duty cycle and thus improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio while maintaining high resolving power compared with the traditional single‐pulse signal averaging method. Historically, an ion mobility spectrum was reconstructed by various multiplexing methods including Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometry (FT‐IMS), Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry (HT‐IMS), and linear frequency modulation correlation ion mobility spectrometry (LFM‐CIMS) sequence or Barker code.MethodsTo achieve an artifact‐free multiplexing ion mobility spectrum, an almost perfect sequence (APS) with correlation technique was proposed to modulate the Bradbury‐Nielson ion gate and was compared with FT‐IMS, HT‐IMS, LFM‐IMS, and the traditional single‐pulse signal averaging method.ResultsExperimental results showed that there are no artifact peaks in the APS‐IMS spectra except an inverted mirror peak, and the S/N ratio was improved 5–8 times with a repetition time of 40–60 ms, corresponding to the improvement in the duty cycle. With the same duty cycle and similar acquisition time, APS‐IMS showed a higher S/N ratio than HT‐IMS for its unique autocorrelation response.ConclusionsThe APS‐IMS technique offered a higher duty cycle and relatively shorter modulation period compared with reported multiplexing methods and is suitable to track rapidly changing signals without losing information and adding extra transformation artifact peaks.
A cognitive approach to the expected value of work integration social enterprises
Authors: Boulongne Romain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryOftentimes, social enterprises simultaneously pursue competing organizational goals. For example, this can mean having a social goal (e.g., integrating vulnerable populations into the labor market) and a commercial goal (e.g., being profitable). I propose a theory according to which for such social enterprises, how they are perceived depends on how their goals are presented and on the type of categorization process used by their evaluating audience. These two factors together impact a venture's legitimacy and expected value. I also show that these effects vary with the level of knowledgeability of the audience performing the evaluation. Taken together, the results of this paper have implications for the cognitive perspective on strategic entrepreneurship as well as the literature on categories in markets and on hybrid organizations.Managerial SummaryI study the different category primings that influence the customer's perception of work integration social enterprises (WISEs). These social enterprises can either direct their customers' attention toward comparability with a category prototype (prototype‐based categorization), or toward a customer goal (goal‐based categorization). I find support for the idea that, depending on which organizational goal is emphasized first and foremost by a WISE (e.g., social or commercial), the activation of either category priming impacts the venture's capacity to create value. Ultimately, this work establishes the cognitive foundations of social enterprises' competitive advantage by showing the type of category priming (goal‐based vs. prototype‐based categorization) that positively impacts a WISE's expected value as a function of “who” the targeted customers (less vs. more knowledgeable customers) are.
A Nonstoichiometric Niobium Oxide/Graphite Composite for Fast‐Charge Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Tongtong , Liu Kuanting , Nam Gyutae , Kim Min Gyu , Ding Yong , Zhao Bote , Luo Zheyu , Wang Zirui , Zhang Weilin , Zhao Chenxi , Wang Jeng‐Han , Song Yanyan , Liu Meilin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrification of transportation has spurred the development of fast‐charge energy storage devices. High‐power lithium‐ion batteries require electrode materials that can store lithium quickly and reversibly. Herein, the design and construction of a Nb2O5−δ/graphite composite electrode that demonstrates remarkable rate capability and durability are reported. The presence of graphite enables the formation of a dominant Nb12O29 phase and a minor T‐Nb2O5 phase. The high rate capability is attributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity and lower energy barriers for fast lithium diffusion in both Nb12O29 and T‐Nb2O5, as unraveled by density functional theory calculations. The excellent durability or long cycling life is originated from the coherent redox behavior of Nb ions and high reversibility of lithium intercalation/deintercalation, as revealed by operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. When tested in a half‐cell at high cycling rates, the composite electrode delivers a specific capability of 120 mAh g–1 at 80 C and retains over 150 mAh g–1 after 2000 cycles at 30 C, implying that it is a highly promising anode material for fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries.
Design Strategies of High‐Performance Positive Materials for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries: From Crystal Control to Battery Configuration
Authors: Tu Jiguo , Wang Wei , Lei Haiping , Wang Mingyong , Chang Cheng , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) have been paid considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage batteries due to their advantages of low cost, good safety, high capacity, long cycle life, and good wide‐temperature performance. Unlike traditional single‐ion rocking chair batteries, more than two kinds of active ions are electrochemically participated in the reaction processes on the positive and negative electrodes for nonaqueous RABs, so the reaction kinetics and battery electrochemistries need to be given more comprehensive assessments. In addition, although nonaqueous RABs have made significant breakthroughs in recent years, they are still facing great challenges in insufficient reaction kinetics, low energy density, and serious capacity attenuation. Here, the research progresses of positive materials are comprehensively summarized, including carbonaceous materials, oxides, elemental S/Se/Te and chalcogenides, as well as organic materials. Later, different modification strategies are discussed to improve the reaction kinetics and battery performance, including crystal structure control, morphology and architecture regulation, as well as flexible design. Finally, in view of the current research challenges faced by nonaqueous RABs, the future development trend is proposed. More importantly, it is expected to gain key insights into the development of high‐performance positive materials for nonaqueous RABs to meet practical energy storage requirements.
The derivation and visualization of supply network risk profiles from product architectures
Authors: McKay Alison , Chittenden Richard , Hazlehurst Thomas , de Pennington Alan , Baker Richard , Waller Tony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe architectures of extended enterprises, including the supply networks that design, develop and support large, complex, engineered products, often reflect system‐level design decisions made very early in the product development process. Design tools used at this, preliminary design, stage focus on the physics and optimization of product system behaviors. Comparable tools for the consideration of extended enterprise perspectives at this stage are not available despite the costs of non‐quality often attributed to supply chain issues related to early design decisions. This paper introduces an interface to a discrete event simulation package that derives supply chain processes from product system architectures, so enabling the quantification and visualization of supply chain risk in early design decisions. The interface uses input data, in the form of a product architecture and associated make‐buy scenarios, which are available in the preliminary design process. Supplier data needed to drive the simulations is predefined and editable by users. Results from a proof‐of‐concept software prototype demonstrate the feasibility of generating enterprise architectures from product architectures and coupling these with a systems design vee model to create executable simulation models that can be used to identify, quantify and visualize engineering supply chain process operations and consequential risks.
A rare case of vulvar discharge associated with exogenous oestrogen exposure in a spayed Weimaraner bitch
Authors: Ivaldi Francesca , Ogdon Camille , Khan Firdous A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis report documents a rare case of vulvar discharge associated with exogenous oestrogen exposure in a large‐breed dog.Case descriptionA 4‐year‐old spayed Weimaraner bitch was presented for evaluation of inappetence and intermittent sanguineous vulvar discharge. Physical examination, vaginal cytology, haematological, and ultrasonographic findings were indicative of a uterine stump pyometra. A celiotomy was performed, and the uterine stump appeared grossly cystic and thickened. Histopathological evaluation of the removed uterine stump and ovarian pedicles revealed cystic endometrial hyperplasia and no ovarian tissue. Fifteen days after surgery, the patient presented again with a sanguineous vulvar discharge. Vaginal cytology revealed predominantly superficial cells, indicating oestrogen influence. Further questioning of the owner revealed the long‐term use of a topical oestrogen cream by a member of the household. Serial examinations were performed, and the cytology remained uniform, with predominantly superficial cells, indicating continued oestrogen influence. Progesterone and anti‐Müllerian hormone tests were negative, which made the presence of ectopic ovarian tissue unlikely. These results coupled with the history of topical oestrogen cream use in the household suggested that the patient's clinical signs were most likely due to exogenous oestrogen exposure. After the owner implemented various recommendations made to prevent the exposure, the clinical signs resolved completely.ConclusionsThis case demonstrates that although rare, exogenous oestrogen exposure can be a cause of vulvar discharge in a large‐breed spayed bitch. Therefore, regardless of the breed, exogenous oestrogen exposure must be included in the list of differential diagnoses for all clinical presentations associated with oestrogenic influence in dogs.
Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and T-Cell Receptor Alpha and Beta (TRA/TRB) Repertoire in Paucicellular Samples at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: Litjens Nicolle H. R. , Langerak Anton W. , Azmani Zakia , den Dekker Xander , Betjes Michiel G. H. , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies, the total repertoires of B and T cells can be disclosed in much more detail than ever before. Even though many of these strategies do provide in-depth and high-resolution information of the immunoglobulin (IG) and/or T-cell receptor (TR) repertoire, one clear disadvantage is that the IG/TR profiles cannot be connected to individual cells. Single-cell technologies do allow to study the IG/TR repertoire at the individual cell level. This is especially relevant in cell samples in which much heterogeneity of the cell population is expected. By combining the IG/TR repertoire with transcriptome data, the reactivity of the B or T cell can be associated with activation or maturation stages. An additional advantage of such single-cell technologies is that the combination of both IG and both TR chains can be studied on a per cell basis, which better reflects the antigen receptor reactivity of cells. Here we present the ICELL8 single-cell method for the parallel analysis of the TR repertoire and transcriptome, which is especially useful in samples that contain relatively few cells.
Bulk Sequencing from mRNA with UMI for Evaluation of B-Cell Isotype and Clonal Evolution: A Method by the AIRR Community
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Marquez Susanna , Soto Cinque , Chen Elaine C. , Bostick Magnolia L. , Stervbo Ulrik , Farmer Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the course of an immune response to a virus such as influenza, B cells undergo activation, clonal expansion, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Members of an antigen-experienced B-cell clone can have different sequence features including SHM in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain V (IGHV) gene and can use the same IGVH gene in combination with different constant regions or isotypes (e.g., IgM, IgG, IgA). To study these features of expanded clones in an immune response by AIRR-seq, we provide a bulk RNA-based sequencing experimental procedure with unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and the accompanying bioinformatics analytical workflow.
IMGT® Immunoinformatics Tools for Standardized V-DOMAIN Analysis
Authors: Giudicelli Véronique , Duroux Patrice , Rollin Maël , Aouinti Safa , Folch Géraldine , Jabado-Michaloud Joumana , Lefranc Marie-Paule , Kossida Sofia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe variable domains (V-DOMAIN) of the antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies and T cell receptors (TR), which specifically recognize the antigens show a huge diversity in their sequences. This diversity results from the complex mechanisms involved in the synthesis of these domains at the DNA level (rearrangements of the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes; N-diversity; and, for the IG, somatic hypermutations). The recognition of V, D, and J as “genes” and their entry in databases mark the creation of IMGT by Marie-Paule Lefranc, and the origin of immunoinformatics in 1989. For 30 years, IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®http://www.imgt.org, has implemented databases and developed tools for IG and TR immunoinformatics, based on the IMGT Scientific chart rules and IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts and axioms, and more particularly, the princeps ones: IMGT genes and alleles (CLASSIFICATION axiom) and the IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Collier de Perles (NUMEROTATION axiom). This chapter describes the online tools for the characterization and annotation of the expressed V-DOMAIN sequences: (a) IMGT/V-QUEST analyzes in detail IG and TR rearranged nucleotide sequences, (b) IMGT/HighV-QUEST is its high throughput version, which includes a module for the identification of IMGT clonotypes and generates immunoprofiles of expressed V, D, and J genes and alleles, (c) IMGT/StatClonotype performs the pairwise comparison of IMGT/HighV-QUEST immunoprofiles, (d) IMGT/DomainGapAlign analyzes amino acid sequences and is frequently used in antibody engineering and humanization, and (e) IMGT/Collier-de-Perles provides two-dimensional (2D) graphical representations of V-DOMAIN, bridging the gap between sequences and 3D structures. These IMGT® tools are widely used in repertoire analyses of the adaptive immune responses in normal and pathological situations and in the design of engineered IG and TR for therapeutic applications.