bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic D1‐R and D2‐R antagonists in non‐human primates differentially impact learning and memory while impairing motivation and motor performance
Authors: Marino Robert A. , Gaprielian Pauline , Levy Ron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDopamine (DA) modulates cognition in part via differential activation of D1 and D2 receptors within the striatum and prefrontal cortex, yet evidence for cognitive impairments stemming from DA blockade or deficiency is inconsistent. Given the predominance of D1 over D2 receptors (R) in the prefrontal cortex of primates, D1‐R blockade should more strongly influence frontal executive function (including working memory), while D2‐R blockade should impair processes more strongly associated with the dorsal striatum (including cognitive flexibility, and learning). To test how systemic DA blockade disrupts cognition, we administered D1‐R and D2‐R like antagonists to healthy monkeys while they performed a series of cognitive tasks. Two selective DA receptor antagonist drugs (SCH‐23390 hydrochloride: D1/D5‐R antagonist; or Eticlopride hydrochloride: D2/D3‐R antagonist) or placebo (0.9% saline) were systemically administered. Four tasks were used: (1) ‘visually guided reaching’, to test response time and accuracy, (2) ‘reversal learning’, to test association learning and attention, (3) ‘self‐ordered sequential search’ to test spatial working memory, and (4) ‘delayed match to sample’ to test object working memory. Increased reach response times and decreased motivation to work for liquid reward was observed with both the D1/D5‐R and D2/D3‐R antagonists at the maximum dosages that still enabled task performance. The D2/D3‐R antagonist impaired performance in the reversal learning task, while object and spatial working memory performance was not consistently affected in the tested tasks for either drug. These results are consistent with the theory that systemic D2/D3‐R antagonists preferentially influence striatum processes (cognitive flexibility) while systemic D1/D5‐R administration is less detrimental to frontal executive function.
Independence of the Court of Justice of the European Union: Unchecked Member States power after the Sharpston Affair
Authors: Kochenov Dimitry V. , Butler Graham 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the apex of the EU legal order, and is the supreme arbiter of EU law. For decades, it has delivered judgments, collectively shaping European integration and ‘integration through law’. It has undoubtedly been an authoritative leader in entrenching a European judicial culture, and has benefited from the cardinal principle of judicial independence enshrined in the EU Treaties, which in turn, it has insisted on being upheld as regards national courts. Questions have rarely arisen, however, about judicial independence of the CJEU. The Sharpston Affair of 2020–2021 opened the door to questioning such judicial independence. Is the CJEU at the mercy of the Member States? If so, what are the consequences for the EU legal order? This article reflects on the judicial independence of the CJEU, and offers reflections on how it can be preserved in the future.
The cost of host genetic resistance on body condition: Evidence from divergently selected sheep
Authors: Douhard Frédéric , Doeschl‐Wilson Andrea B. , Corbishley Alexander , Hayward Adam D. , Marcon Didier , Weisbecker Jean‐Louis , Aguerre Sophie , Bordes Léa , Jacquiet Philippe , McNeilly Tom N. , Sallé Guillaume , Moreno‐Romieux Carole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrade‐offs between host resistance to parasites and host growth or reproduction can occur due to allocation of limited available resources between competing demands. To predict potential trade‐offs arising from genetic selection for host resistance, a better understanding of the associated nutritional costs is required. Here, we studied resistance costs by using sheep from lines divergently selected on their resistance to a common blood‐feeding gastro‐intestinal parasite (Haemonchus contortus). First, we assessed the effects of selection for high or low host resistance on condition traits (body weight, back fat, and muscle thickness) and infection traits (parasite fecal egg excretion and loss in blood haematocrit) at various life stages, in particular during the periparturient period when resource allocation to immunity may limit host resistance. Second, we analysed the condition–infection relationship to detect a possible trade‐off, in particular during the periparturient period. We experimentally infected young females in four stages over their first 2 years of life, including twice around parturition (at 1 year and at 2 years of age). Linear mixed‐model analyses revealed a large and consistent between‐line difference in infection traits during growth and outside of the periparturient period, whereas this difference was strongly attenuated during the periparturient period. Despite their different responses to infection, lines had similar body condition traits. Using covariance decomposition, we then found that the phenotypic relationship between infection and condition was dominated by direct infection costs arising from parasite development within the host. Accounting for these within‐individual effects, a cost of resistance on body weight was detected among ewes during their first reproduction. Although this cost and the reproductive constraint on resistance are unlikely to represent a major concern for animal breeding in nutrient‐rich environments, this study provides important new insights regarding the nutritional costs of parasite resistance at different lifestages and how these may affect response to selection.
Optimizing time delay in cloud using enhanced multi‐hold inherited maximization algorithm to reduce cost and improve bandwidth
Authors: Manoj Kumar Dharmalingam Sundaram , Sriramya Premkumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOptimizing the time delay in the cloud is one of the essential parameters to be considered for providing an efficient environment for the user to work. Virtual machine (VM) allocation is performed on various heuristic and genetic algorithms (GAs) to schedule the VM to the users in lesser time. However, the scheduling mechanisms do not provide the best serving VM among different data centres. This paper proposes an Enhanced multi‐hold inherited maximization (Enhanced MHIM) algorithm to provide an optimal allocation of VMs across multiple geographically distributed data centres. Based on load information shared between the various data centres, the algorithm computes the best performing machine among the data centres and shares the template for allocating the new device to the user. As a result, the workload is completed quicker by assigning to each user optimally. Heuristic scheduling algorithms, including Min‐Min, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and GA, are compared with the proposed algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is efficient by maximum reduction of 12.63% of the makespan time, 13.06% of execution time, 3.89% of computational cost, and producing the 3× times best serving VM.
Expectile regression forest: A new nonparametric expectile regression model
Authors: Cai Chao , Dong Haotian , Wang Xinyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClassical nonlinear expectile regression has two shortcomings. It is difficult to choose a nonlinear function, and it does not consider the interaction effects among explanatory variables. Therefore, we combine the random forest model with the expectile regression method to propose a new nonparametric expectile regression model: expectile regression forest (ERF). The major novelty of the ERF model is using the bagging method to build multiple decision trees, calculating the conditional expectile of each leaf node in each decision tree, and deriving final results through aggregating these decision tree results via simple average approach. At the same time, in order to compensate for the black box problem in the model interpretation of the ERF model, the measurement of the importance of explanatory variable and the partial dependence is defined to evaluate the magnitude and direction of the influence of each explanatory variable on the response variable. The advantage of ERF model is illustrated by Monte Carlo simulation studies. The numerical simulation results show that the estimation and prediction ability of the ERF model is significantly better than alternative approaches. We also apply the ERF model to analyse the real data. From the nonparametric expectile regression analysis of these data sets, we have several conclusions that are consistent with the results of numerical simulation.
ESG Issues and Career Prospects of Directors: Evidence from the International Director Labor Market
Authors: Colak Gonul , Hickman Kent , Korkeamäki Timo , Meyer Niclas O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing an international sample of firms, we investigate the career prospects of directors of firms experiencing negative ESG issues. By tracking the same director at the same firm over time, we document a significant drop in seats held at other public firms’ boards following intense negative media coverage of an ESG problem occurring at a given director's focal firm. Losses of seats at other firms are concentrated among executive directors, among directors of firms located in countries with high environmental and social norms, and among directors of firms located in countries with bank‐based systems. Nonexecutive directors and directors of firms located in less stakeholder‐oriented countries are not penalized for ESG issues by the director labor market.
Evaluating environmental DNA metabarcoding as a survey tool for unionid mussel assessments
Authors: Marshall Nathaniel T. , Symonds Daniel E. , Dean Cheryl A. , Schumer Gregg , Fleece William Cody 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Freshwater unionid mussels are a taxa‐rich group of bivalves that play a critical role in maintaining freshwater ecosystems, but are heavily imperilled due to anthropogenic influences. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides potential benefits for the monitoring of unionids through higher detection sensitivity, lower costs, less intrusion on the environment, and added advantages for sampling challenging and remote habitats.

We compare an extensive mussel rescue survey conducted as part of the demolition of a dam with the detection of mussels using eDNA metabarcoding. The unique mussel rescue survey provided a rare opportunity for an in‐depth analysis of unionid eDNA detection across both small sampling cells and a large sampling region.

Environmental DNA detected 22 of the 24 (91.67%) species sampled in the rescue survey, with the two absent species found as only single individuals. A species missed by the rescue survey was detected with eDNA (Potamilus alatus), along with hidden cryptic diversity within the genus Pyganodon. Both survey methods detected the presence of two federally listed species from multiple sampling cells (Plethobasus cyphyus and Theliderma cylindrica). Furthermore, eDNA provided similar estimates of relative mussel abundances across the sampling region.

Estimates of mussel diversity were similar between the two methods, and eDNA successfully detected the two federally listed species present. These results contribute to the growing knowledge of eDNA‐based biological assessments and provide valuable insight into comparing sampling effort and detection rates from conventional and eDNA survey methods.

As eDNA collection can widen the traditional sampling season and improve the ability to sample difficult or dangerous environments, these results demonstrate the practicality of eDNA metabarcoding as a supplemental sampling method to describe diverse mussel communities and improve the detection of threatened and endangered species.
Factors determining yield and nutritive value of maize for silage under tropical conditions
Authors: Lima Luciana M. , Bastos Márcio S. , Ávila Carla L. S. , Ferreira Danton D. , Casagrande Daniel R. , Bernardes Thiago F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur objective was to assess maize fields in two growing seasons to determine the factors that affect the yield and nutritive value of maize silage produced in Brazil. Seventy‐four commercial maize fields, 49 in the first growing season (FGS) and 25 in the second (SGS), were sampled over two crop years. In each field, 12 linear meters of plants were cut by hand at 25 cm above ground. Characteristics of the field, plants, and their components (stalk, leaves, husk, cob, and grains) were evaluated. Farmers were interviewed regarding the crop management practices applied. Chopped maize forage was dried to assess its chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro fibre digestibility. Descriptive statistics was carried out for agronomic and nutritional variables. To determine the factors that affected yield and nutritive value in maize fields, artificial neural networks were used. The dry matter yield (DMY), NDF concentration, starch concentration, NDF digestibility, and DM digestibility were chosen as response variables. Then, the top 10 main parameters were used to explain the results. Overall, the association between grain and stover yield maximized DMY. Plant population (plants/ha) and plant maturity were also important to explain yield. Grain depth and number of grains per row were the two most important parameters linked to genetic traits. Plant maturity was decisive in altering the nutritive value of forage maize. Maize grown in the FGS had both greater yield and nutritive value than maize in the SGS.
UV irradiation improved gel properties and chill‐stored stability of surimi gel
Authors: Pang Shiwen , Wang Yong , Hao Ruoyi , Mráz Jan , Li Shengjie , Zheng Qilin , Pan Jinfeng 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe study investigated the properties and storage stability of Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) surimi gel exposed to ultraviolet irradiation for 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h (UV0.5, UV1, UV2, UV3) before thermal treatment. The results showed that all UV‐irradiated surimi gels exhibited compact microstructure along with increased gel strength and water‐holding capacity than control. Investigations on chemical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) from surimi showed that tryptophan fluorescence intensity declined while bromophenol blue‐binding capability increased after UV irradiation. Sulfhydryl content in MP of UV2 and UV3 decreased while their carbonyl content increased. Electrophoresis analysis indicated that myosin heavy chain of UV2 was most attenuated. Storage test showed that UV2 maintained the highest gel strength during chilled‐storage and its total viable count was below 5 log10CFU•g−1 after 18 days. Therefore, UV irradiation might be applied to improve surimi gel properties and extend shelf life.
The panopticon, an emblematic concept in management and organization studies: Heaven or hell?
Authors: Leclercq‐Vandelannoitte Aurélie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe well‐known metaphor of ‘panopticon’, derived from Bentham's project and popularized by Foucault, has long informed scholarly conversations in management and organization studies (MOS). Herein, we question the power of this emblematic metaphor. Through an in‐depth literature review specifying itsform,principleandgoal, coupled to an investigation of Bentham's original writings, we identifytwo readingsof the panopticon. First, we disentangle the uses of this concept in MOS literature and highlight a rather uniform and negative interpretation of the panopticon as a mechanism of social control and surveillance (first reading). Beyond this dominant interpretation, we contend that the panopticon is a richer concept than MOS literature acknowledges. Going back to Bentham's initial project, entailing not only one but plural types of panopticons, we propose a more comprehensive conceptualization of the panopticon (second reading) as: (1) a rewarding functional dispositive based on freedom and autonomy (form); (2) relying on information sharing, transparency and visibility (principle); and (3) striving for harmony and efficiency as ultimate ends (goal). In doing so, we generate a new way of seeing the panopticon in MOS research. We also reveal an inherent tension between both readings, interpreted as dystopia and utopia, and show that their combination allows grasping the ambivalence ofpanopticism in practicein ways that can inform further research on liberal management. As a practice of freedom,panopticism in practicemight indeed turn into an instrument furthering control. To conclude, we highlight some analytical paths to help MOS scholars disentangle such ambivalence.
Learn to decompose multiobjective optimization models for large‐scale networks
Authors: Aslani Babak , Mohebbi Shima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInfrastructures can be modeled as large‐scale networks consisting of nodes and arcs, making network optimization a popular modeling option for arising problems. In specific, providing timely restoration plans for interdependent infrastructures facing disruptions has been a challenge for decision makers. In this study, we focus on geospatial (co‐location) and functional interdependencies to capture the impact of cascading failures on infrastructure systems. The dynamics of real networks are more complicated to be captured by one objective function. Therefore, we define three objective functions in three pillars of sustainability: (a) economic, (b) social, and (c) environmental. To solve the multiobjective optimization model, we develop a learn‐to‐decompose framework, consisting of a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition module and a Gaussian process regression (GPR) module to periodically learn from the obtained Pareto front and guide the search direction. We also included a heuristic module to address two significant challenges in restoring interdependent infrastructures: the island scenario and co‐location interdependencies. We applied the proposed framework to benchmark problems and interdependent water and transportation networks in the City of Tampa, FL. We carried out sensitivity analyses to monitor the performance of the GPR by different kernel functions. We also provided insights for decision makers by finding the trade‐off between fortification (proactive) and restoration (reactive) costs. The result demonstrates the proposed framework is feasible and applicable for large‐scale networks.
Touch‐free flash sintering with magnetic induction within a reactor activated by the usual flash method
Authors: Jalali Syed I. A. , Raj Rishi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe a new system for flash sintering where a reactor is built with walls made from dog‐bone specimens that are held in Stage III of flash under current control. The reactor is placed within a cylindrical space, like a tube, with axial access, for camera, pyrometer, and optical spectrometer. A free‐floating green sample (without electrodes) is placed within; it is physically separated from the walls of the reactor. In the present experiments, the reactor wall as well as the “touch free” workpiece were constituted from yttria‐stabilized zirconia. The workpiece is shown to flash, luminesce, and sinter (in a few seconds) when a modest magnetic field is superimposed over the reactor. The final density depends on the strength of the magnetic field, eventually rising to ∼98%. The grain size is highly uniform and nanoscale. Samples of different and arbitrary three‐dimensional shapes have been so sintered. We propose that the walls of the reactor, which are in a constant state of flash, may generate an evanescent plasma that becomes concentrated around the center line of the reactor by the applied magnetic field. The plasma field helps to transfer energy from the reactor walls into the green sample. When the magnetic induction is turned on, the conductive load of the reactor walls on the power supply increases proving the presence of an energy transfer mechanism. The question of impedance matching between the walls, the specimen, and the free space in between is outlined.
The influence of sodium deficiency and titanium doping concentration on conduction properties in NaTaO3−δ
Authors: Chen Ximu , Hatada Naoyuki , Toyoura Kazuaki , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNaTaO3 shows significant proton conductivity and a high transport number of ionic conduction after being doped titanium (Ti). In this work, we aimed to determine the influence of sodium (Na) deficiency and Ti concentration in NaTaO3, for which NaTaO3 samples with various Na deficiencies and Ti concentrations were prepared and characterized. The investigation was performed on microstructure, conductivity, transport number of ionic conduction, etc. Na deficiency was confirmed to decrease the conductivity of 1% Ti‐doped NaTaO3, although it raises the conductivity of undoped NaTaO3. Summarizing the measured results of 1%–4% Ti‐doped NaTaO3, a higher Ti concentration was found to significantly increase the proton conductivity of NaTaO3. However, when Ti is more than ∼3%, the higher concentration of Ti leads to a decrease in conductivity. Overall, ∼2% Ti was confirmed to be most beneficial to proton conductivity. The influence of phase transformation on proton conductivity was also discussed. In conclusion, precise control of Na amount is of great importance for the conduction properties of NaTaO3 and ∼2% Ti is determined to be most beneficial to the conduction properties. In this case, through the adjustment of Ti concentration and control of Na deficiency, a bulk conductivity as high as 1.3 × 10–3 S/cm at 600°C and 7.8 × 10–5 S/cm at 300°C was realized with ∼2% Ti‐doped NaTaO3 in wet O2.
Nurses' experiences of supporting patients requesting voluntary assisted dying: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Sandham Margaret , Carey Melissa , Hedgecock Emma , Jarden Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimDescribe the reported lived experiences of nurses who have participated at any stage of voluntary assisted dying (VAD), from the initial request to the end of life.DesignA qualitative meta‐synthesis.Data sourcesDatabases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, Emcare, Scopus and PsycInfo. The search was undertaken in September 2021 with no date limitations. Qualitative studies were considered if published in English, reported primary data analysis of nurses' experiences who had been involved in VAD and reported direct quotes from nurses.Review methodsQualitative studies meeting the selection criteria were critically appraised, then an open card‐sort method was applied. Quotes from nurses were organized to group similar experiences, constructing themes and metaphors across studies as a new understanding of nurses' experiences of VAD.ResultsEight studies were included. Three major themes were constructed: An orderly procedure, reflecting the need for structure to feel adequately prepared; A beautiful death, reflecting the autonomy the patient exercised when choosing VAD facilitated an exceptionally positive death; and Psychological and emotional impact, where nurses recognized the emotional and ethical weight that they carried for themselves and the team when undertaking VAD.ConclusionNurses may benefit from clear policy, supervision and communication training to support them as countries transition to providing VAD services. Policy provides nurses with confidence that they are undertaking the steps of VAD correctly and provides a layer of emotional protection. Communication training specific to VAD is necessary to prepare nurses to recognize their own emotional experiences when responding to the needs of the patient and their family.ImpactVAD is increasingly becoming a legal option that nurses are encountering in their professional practice. Understanding nurses' experiences of being involved in VAD is required to support nurses in countries where VAD is becoming available to prepare professionally and psychologically.