bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tykhonov well-posedness of fixed point problems in contact mechanics
Authors: Sofonea Mircea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a fixed point problem $\mathcal {S}u=u$
S
u
=
u
where ${\mathcal {S}:C(\mathbb{R}_{+};X)\to C(\mathbb{R}_{+};X)}$
S
:
C
(

R
+

;
X
)
→
C
(

R
+

;
X
)
is an almost history-dependent operator. First, we recall the unique solvability of the problem. Then, we introduce the concept of Tykhonov triple, provide several relevant examples, and prove the corresponding well-posedness results for the considered fixed point problem. This allows us to deduce various consequences which illustrate the stability of the solution with respect to perturbations of the operator $\mathcal {S}$
S
. Our results provide mathematical tools in the analysis of a large number of history-dependent problems which arise in solid and contact mechanics. To give some examples, we consider two mathematical models which describe the equilibrium of a viscoelastic body in frictionless contact with a foundation. We state the mechanical problems, list the assumptions on the data, and derive their associated fixed point formulation. Then, we illustrate the use of our abstract results in order to deduce the continuous dependence of the solution with respect to the data and parameters. We also provide the corresponding mechanical interpretations.
Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security
Authors: Munaweera T. I. K. , Jayawardana N. U. , Rajaratnam Rathiverni , Dissanayake Nipunika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal warming causes a range of negative impacts on plants especially due to rapid changes in temperatures, alterations of rainfall patterns, floods or drought conditions, and outbreaks of pests and diseases. These, in turn, affect crop production reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural produce. Climatic extremes and high population growth significantly increase the world’s food demand. Therefore, fulfilling the goal of attaining food security for the present and future generations is of prime importance. Biotechnology enables creating dramatic alterations on crops to withstand stress which is difficult to attain using conventional breeding approaches. It is a viable tool used to improve agricultural production. The development of biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, genome editing, RNA-mediated gene silencing armored with next-generation sequencing, and genome mapping have paved the way for precise and faster genetic modifications of plants. Such intensive efforts are currently underway creating desirable crop cultivars to meet the food demand and to support sustainable agricultural productivity for climate change adaptation.
Young people’s technological images of the future: implications for science and technology education
Authors: Rasa Tapio , Laherto Antti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern technology has had and continues to have various impacts on societies and human life in general. While technology in some ways defines the ‘digital age’ of today, discourses of ‘technological progress’ may dominate discussions of tomorrow. Conceptions of technology and futures seem to be intertwined, as technology has been predicted by experts to lead us anywhere between utopia and extinction within as little as a century. Understandably, hopes and fears regarding technology may also dominate images of the future for our current generation of young people. Meanwhile, global trends in science and technology education have increasingly emphasised goals such as agency, anticipation and active citizenship. As one’s agency is connected to one’s future perceptions, young people’s views of technological change are highly relevant to these educational goals. However, students’ images of technological futures have not yet been used to inform the development of science and technology education. We set out to address this issue by investigating 58 secondary school students’ essays describing a typical day in 2035 or 2040, focusing on technological surroundings. Qualitative content analysis showed that students’ images of the future feature technological changes ranging from improved everyday devices to large-scale technologisation. A variety of effects was attributed to technology, relating to convenience, environment, employment, privacy, general societal progress and more. Technology was discussed both in positive and negative terms, as imagined technological futures were problematised to differing extents. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of the results for the development of future-oriented science and technology education.
Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments
Authors: Im Changkyun , Park Je-Hyeok , Jeon Young-Mi , Kim Jong-Ghee , Jang Yong-Seok , Lee Min-Ho , Jeon Woo-Yong , Kim Jun-Min , Bae Tae-Sung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw.

Materials and methods
A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each.

Results
It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm.

Conclusions
A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics.
Discovering top-weighted k-truss communities in large graphs
Authors: Habib Wafaa M. A. , Mokhtar Hoda M. O. , El-Sharkawi Mohamed E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract﻿Community Search is the problem of querying networks in order to discover dense subgraphs-communities-that satisfy given query parameters. Most community search models consider link structure and ignore link weight while answering the required queries. Given the importance of link weight in different networks, this paper considers both link structure and link weight to discover top-r weighted k-truss communities via community search. The top-weighted k-truss communities are those communities with the highest weight and the highest cohesiveness within the network. All recent studies that considered link weight discover top-weighted communities via global search and index-based search techniques. In this paper three different algorithms are proposed to scale-up the existing approaches of weighted community search via local search. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform the existing state-of-the-art algorithms over different datasets in terms of search time by several orders of magnitude.
A cross-sectional survey of patient’s perception and knowledge of dental implants in Japan
Authors: Ho Kailing , Bahammam Shaima , Chen Chia-Yu , Hojo Yasushi , Kim David , Hisatomo Kondo  , Da Silva John , Nagai Shigemi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to collect data regarding patient perception and knowledge of dental implants. It was conducted with the hope that the data would provide dental professionals and policymakers with a better understanding of ways to promote implant therapy.

Methods
An anonymous online survey with 10 questions was distributed through 12 dental offices in Tokyo and provincial cities in Japan to assess patient perception and knowledge of dental implants. Harvard Medical School’s IRB approved this study.

Results
We collected data from 1172 patients (59% female, 41% male). The most common perceptions of implant therapy were that it was “expensive,” “advanced,” and “scary”. Patients’ implant knowledge came primarily from magazines or books, while professional dental societies/associations were the least sought out source of information. Patients believed that the purpose of dental implants was to avoid dentures and improve chewing function. Their primary concerns about dental implants were the cost and longevity. Approximately 12% of patients with dental implants and 61% of patients without implants did not know that bone grafts may be required and that sedation during surgery was an option. For patients who experienced sedation during the procedure, 60% of them want it for future surgeries. Patients also had limited knowledge of bone-graft materials and the effects of CBCT radiation; 75% of the patients expressed concerns over the safety of graft materials and radiation exposure. For patients with a history of dental implant therapy, 80% of them would recommend dental implants to their family and friends.

Conclusions
Overall, patients’ experiences with dental implant therapy were positive, but there was a lack of patient education regarding dental implants and their associated procedures. Dental professionals need to take the initiative to improve patient education.
Usefulness of criteria for intraoperative Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Nagase Satoshi , Imaura Masaharu , Nishimura Mizuki , Takeda Kohei , Takahashi Mari , Taniguchi Hideki , Sato Tomoyuki , Kanno Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) delays postoperative recovery, prolongs hospital stays, and hinders patients’ return to society, thus making it a major cause of increased healthcare costs. It is also the most troubling postoperative complication in female patients undergoing surgery. However, in Japan, guidelines for the management of PONV have not been established, and the management protocol for PONV is left to each institution and anesthesiologist. Therefore, we developed criteria for intraoperative management of PONV.

Methods
In female surgical patients, the usefulness of the criteria was evaluated by comparing the implementation rate of intraoperative management and PONV incidence before and after the establishment of the criteria. An Apfel simplified score (Apfel score) ≥2 was set as an indication for intraoperative management of PONV.

Results
The implementation rate of intraoperative management increased from 91.2 to 96.0% after the introduction of the criteria. In patients with an Apfel score of 2, the intraoperative management implementation rate significantly increased from 81.1 to 94.7% (p = 0.016), while PONV incidence significantly decreased from 44.6 to 34.1% after the introduction of the criteria (p = 0.040).

Conclusions
The criteria for intraoperative management of PONV increased the implementation rate of intraoperative management and decreased PONV incidence, indicating the usefulness of the criteria.
Immune-instructive copolymer scaffolds using plant-derived nanoparticles to promote bone regeneration
Authors: Suliman Salwa , Mieszkowska Anna , Folkert Justyna , Rana Neha , Mohamed-Ahmed Samih , Fuoco Tiziana , Finne-Wistrand Anna , Dirscherl Kai , Jørgensen Bodil , Mustafa Kamal , Gurzawska-Comis Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge-driven immune signals cause a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and in consequence affect bone healing and cause challenges for clinicians when repairing critical-sized bone defects in elderly patients.MethodsPoly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLCA) scaffolds are functionalized with plant-derived nanoparticles from potato, rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), to investigate their ability to modulate inflammation in vitro in neutrophils and macrophages at gene and protein levels. The scaffolds’ early and late host response at gene, protein and histological levels is tested in vivo in a subcutaneous rat model and their potential to promote bone regeneration in an aged rodent was tested in a critical-sized calvaria bone defect. Significant differences were tested using one-way ANOVA, followed by a multiple-comparison Tukey’s test with apvalue ≤ 0.05 considered significant.ResultsGene expressions revealed PLCA scaffold functionalized with plant-derived RG-I with a relatively higher amount of galactose than arabinose (potato dearabinated (PA)) to reduce the inflammatory state stimulated by bacterial LPS in neutrophils and macrophages in vitro.LPS-stimulated neutrophils show a significantly decreased intracellular accumulation of galectin-3 in the presence of PA functionalization compared to Control (unmodified PLCA scaffolds). The in vivo gene and protein expressions revealed comparable results to in vitro. The host response is modulated towards anti-inflammatory/ healing at early and late time points at gene and protein levels. A reduced foreign body reaction and fibrous capsule formation is observed when PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA were implanted in vivo subcutaneously.PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA modulated the cytokine and chemokine expressions in vivo during early and late inflammatory phases. PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA implanted in calvaria defects of aged rats downregulating pro-inflammatory gene markers while promoting osteogenic markers after 2 weeks in vivo.ConclusionWe have shown that PLCA scaffolds functionalized with plant-derived RG-I with a relatively higher amount of galactose play a role in the modulation of inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo subcutaneously and promote the initiation of bone formation in a critical-sized bone defect of an aged rodent. Our study addresses the increasing demand in bone tissue engineering for immunomodulatory 3D scaffolds that promote osteogenesis and modulate immune responses.
Extended trochanteric osteotomy in revision hip arthroplasty: a case series study and systematic literature review
Authors: Hamad Khalid , Konan Sujith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) in revision hip arthroplasty provides direct access to the femoral medullary canal and facilitates removal of implants and re-implantation. This study looks at objective outcomes of ETO from a systematic review of the literature and a case series of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases with ETOs from the authors’ local institution.

Methods
(1) The National Institutes of Health (NIH) national library of medicine was searched for studies related to ETO and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) technique were followed.
(2) Case series of 23 revision THAs with ETOs from University College London Hospital (UCLH) were retrospectively analyzed with a minimum of 2-year follow-up for radiological outcomes.

Results
(1) The main revision THAs diagnoses were aseptic loosening (880/1,386; 63.4%), prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (301/1,386; 21.7%) and periprosthetic THA fractures (78/1,386; 5.6%). Other diagnoses, including non-specified reasons for THA revision in the chosen studies, accounted for 9.2% (127/1,386). The total mean was a union rate of 95.2%, an infection eradication rate of 91.6%, a femoral stem subsidence rate of 16.6%, with the rate of subsidence more than 5 mm being 10.7%. ETO proximal migration was reported in 7.8% of ETOs; however, it rarely required re-attachment (0.9%). Intraoperative fracture during revision THA with ETO was reported to be at a rate of 5%; while postoperative femoral fracture rate was at 7.8%.
(2) All 24 cases had radiographic union at 3 to 6 months and there was no reported femoral stem subsidence.

Conclusion
The overall outcome of this literature review provides moderate-quality evidence indicating that ETO provides safe outcome for revision THAs in single and 2-stage revision surgeries with low ETO non-union, femoral stem subsidence, greater trochanter (GT) proximal migration and fracture rates in the different diagnoses groups of revision THA at over 2-year follow up. In the case series group, there was radiographic union of all ETOs with no reported femoral stem subsidence or periprosthetic fractures.
Laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through vs. posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for treating high anorectal malformations: a single-center experience
Authors: AlShawa Mohammad Anas , Al Wusaibie Ahmed , Al Shanafey Saud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background/purpose
Surgical management of high-type anorectal malformations (ARM) has evolved over the years with the widespread of the laparoscopic approach over the last two decades. This study aims to compare the outcome of patients with high anorectal malformation (ARM) managed with laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through (LAARP) vs. the open posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) at a single Institution.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients, who were managed for high-type ARM at our institution, was performed for the period 2000–2015. Nine were excluded because of a lack of important data. Demographic data, surgical approach, associated anomalies, and complications were collected. Functional outcome was measured using the modified clinical scoring for the defecation function of the Japanese study group of anorectal anomalies. Comparison between groups was done using the T test for continuous variables and the Fisher-exact test for proportions. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results
There were 82 patients with high type imperforate anus (59 males and 23 females) 73% had laparoscopy vs. 27% open. Type of fistulae were rectourethral (36), rectovesical (12), no fistula (19), and (15) cloaca anomalies. Patients underwent surgery at a mean age 8.4 (laparoscopy) vs. 10.1 (open) months (P value = 0.14). There was no difference between the two groups regarding weight at the surgery or associated anomalies, except for VACTRAL and genitourinary malformations which were more among the laparoscopic group (8 vs. 1).
There was no statistical significance for all elements of defecation function score: sensation, constipation, and soiling (P values 0.17, 0.6, 0.07, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups regarding rectal prolapse (P = 0.06), whereas rectal stenosis is more in PSARP compared to LAARP (P = 0.03). The hospital stay was significantly shorter in LAARP 7.1 vs. 9.4 (P = 0.006).

Conclusions
The defecation function and complication rate for both laparoscopic and open groups were almost similar. This may justify the preference of the laparoscopic approach over the open one, given its minimally invasive nature.
Long-term Safety of Growth Hormone in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency: Overview of 15 809 GH-Treated Patients
Authors: Johannsson Gudmundur , Touraine Philippe , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Pico Antonio , Vila Greisa , Mattsson Anders F , Carlsson Martin , Korbonits Márta , van Beek André P , Wajnrajch Michael P , Gomez Roy , Yuen Kevin C J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextData on long-term safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) are needed.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the safety of GH in the full KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) cohort.MethodsThe worldwide, observational KIMS study included adults and adolescents with confirmed GHD. Patients were treated with GH (Genotropin [somatropin]; Pfizer, NY) and followed through routine clinical practice. Adverse events (AEs) and clinical characteristics (eg, lipid profile, glucose) were collected.ResultsA cohort of 15 809 GH-treated patients were analyzed (mean follow-up of 5.3 years). AEs were reported in 51.2% of patients (treatment-related in 18.8%). Crude AE rate was higher in patients who were older, had GHD due to pituitary/hypothalamic tumors, or adult-onset GHD. AE rate analysis adjusted for age, gender, etiology, and follow-up time showed no correlation with GH dose. A total of 606 deaths (3.8%) were reported (146 by neoplasms, 71 by cardiac/vascular disorders, 48 by cerebrovascular disorders). Overall, de novo cancer incidence was comparable to that in the general population (standard incidence ratio 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.01). De novo cancer risk was significantly lower in patients with idiopathic/congenital GHD (0.64; 0.43-0.91), but similar in those with pituitary/hypothalamic tumors or other etiologies versus the general population. Neither adult-onset nor childhood-onset GHD was associated with increased de novo cancer risks. Neutral effects were observed in lipids/fasting blood glucose levels.ConclusionThese final KIMS cohort data support the safety of long-term GH replacement in adults with GHD as prescribed in routine clinical practice.
Carpenter syndrome: cone beam computed tomography pictorial review
Authors: Delroisse Adrien , Olszewski Raphael 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To describe dentoalveolar findings in one pediatric patient with a very rare Carpenter syndrome or acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, and using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Case report: We found a syndromic oligodontia, upper canine transmigration, and an exceptional agenesis of four lateral incisors. We also described the fourth case in the literature of a single solitary lower incisor on the midline, and the first case ever illustrated on CBCT.
Conclusions: We proposed and illustrated the use of the system of progressive numbering of teeth on CBCT axial views to better understand complex dental clinical situations such as syndromic oligodontia.
Solutions for nonhomogeneous fractional (p,q)-Laplacian systems with critical nonlinearities
Authors: Tao Mengfei , Zhang Binlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we aimed to study a class of nonhomogeneous fractional (p,q)-Laplacian systems with critical nonlinearities as well as critical Hardy nonlinearities inRN{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}. By appealing to a fixed point result and fractional Hardy-Sobolev inequality, the existence of nontrivial nonnegative solutions is obtained. In particular, we also consider Choquard-type nonlinearities in the second part of this article. More precisely, with the help of Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality, we obtain the existence of nontrivial solutions for the related systems based on the same approach. Finally, we obtain the corresponding existence results for the fractional (p,q)-Laplacian systems in the case ofN=sp=lqN=sp=lq. It is worth pointing out that using fixed point argument to seek solutions for a class of nonhomogeneous fractional (p,q)-Laplacian systems is the main novelty of this article.