bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian randomization suggests a potential causal effect of eosinophil count on influenza vaccination responsiveness
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhang Haoyang , Wen Simin , Xiu Xuehao , You Danming , Zhao Huiying , Wang Dayan , Yang Yuedong , Shu Yuelong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, the clinical factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been systematically explored. The mechanism of low responsiveness to influenza vaccination (LRIV) is complicated and not thoroughly elucidated. Thus, we integrate our in‐house genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) analysis result of LRIV (N = 111, Ncase [Low Responders] = 34, Ncontrol [Responders] = 77) with the GWAS summary of 10 blood‐based biomarkers (sample size ranging from 62 076−108 794) deposited in BioBank Japan (BBJ) to comprehensively explore the shared genetics between LRIV and blood‐based biomarkers to investigate the causal relationships between blood‐based biomarkers and LRIV by Mendelian randomization (MR). The applications of four MR approaches (inverse‐variance‐weighted [IVW], weighted median, weighted mode, and generalized summary‐data‐based MR [GSMR]) suggested that the genetically instrumented LRIV was associated with decreased eosinophil count (β = −5.517 to −4.422, p = 0.004−0.039). Finally, we conclude that the low level of eosinophil count is a suggestive risk factor for LRIV.
Quantifying spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of the energy budget in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Fen Gou , Wei Liang , Jianwu Yan , Zhigang Chen , Shaobo Sun , Zhao Jin , Weibin Zhang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe land surface energy exchange indirectly describes the energy forcing effect of solar radiation on the atmospheric system. Exploring the exchange process is of great significance to understand the formation and change of weather and climate. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and a process‐based land surface model (the Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Simulation Scheme), this study analysed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors in the energy budget in the Loess Plateau (LP). The results showed that from 1990 to 2017, the average annual surface net radiation (Rn) and latent heat (LE) in the LP showed a decreasing trend. The Rn and LE presented an increased spatial pattern from northwest to southeast. On a monthly scale, the Grain for Green (GFG) project amplified the negative effect in the period of November to February and September, but diminished the negative effect in other months. Climate change contributed more to energy exchange than land cover change during the study period. Our results provide useful information for developing adaptive strategies for the region to adapt to global climate change.
Elevation‐dependent changes in the trend of reference evapotranspiration in the Tibetan Plateau during 1960–2017
Authors: Chang Yaping , Ding Yongjian , Zhao Qiudong , Qin Jia , Zhang Shiqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElevation plays a crucial role in modulating the spatiotemporal distributions of climatic variables in mountainous regions, which affects water and energy balances, among which reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key hydrological indicator. However, the response of ET0 to climate change with elevation continues to be poorly understood, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) which has elevation variations of more than 4,000 m. The spatiotemporal variations of ET0 with elevation were investigated using long‐term (1960–2017) meteorological observations from 82 stations on the TP. The results suggest that the average annual ET0 showed an insignificant increasing trend. A significant negative correlation between ET0 and elevation was found (p < .01). The positive trends of ET0 decreased with elevation, whereas the negative trends of ET0 increased significantly with elevation (p < .05). The magnitude of trends of ET0 becomes smaller at higher‐elevation stations. Sensitivity analysis indicated that ET0 was most sensitive to shortwave radiation (Rs). Moreover, the sensitivities of temperature (T) and wind speed (U) significantly decreased with elevation, whereas those of Rs and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increased slightly with elevation. The contribution and path analyse indicated that increasing VPD was the dominant contributor to the increase in ET0. The effect of elevation on ET0 variation mainly depended on the tradeoff between the contributions of U and VPD. U was the largest contributing factor for the change in ET0 below 2,500 m, whereas VPD was the primary contributor to the increase in ET0 above 2,500 m. This study provides insights into the response of ET0 to climate change with elevation on the TP, which is of great significance to hydrometeorological processes in high‐altitude regions.
Optimal position and apex–subchondral bone distance of cannulated screws for internal fixation of femoral neck fracture: A radiological study
Authors: Zhu Zongdong , Liao Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo determine the optimal position of three cannulated screws in an inverted triangle pattern for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, including the apex–subchondral bone distance, computed tomography (CT) images of the hip were processed using the MIMICS (Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System) Research software. Points adjacent to the inferior, anterosuperior, and posterior cortex of the femoral neck were selected on the axial view. Subsequently, the positions of these points were adjusted to maximize the area between them, and splines were drawn in the coronal and sagittal planes to represent the cannulated screws. Finally, the virtual anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy images of the proximal femur and splines were created and the parameters calculated. Finite element analysis showed this fixation scheme provides stronger fracture support and stability. Twenty patients with femoral neck fractures (Modified group), with the area and perimeter of the triangle formed on axial postoperative CT images, including the shortest distance from the tip of the screw to the subchondral bone was compared with 23 matched patients for whom the conventional inverted isosceles triangle configuration of screws for internal fixation was used (Conventional group). The area and perimeter of the stabilization screws were larger, with a shorter apex–subchondral bone distance for the Modified group. There was no incidence of screw penetration in the femoral neck or head in either group, and all fractures healed within a follow‐up period of 10 months. The modified screw placement method is simple and safe and provides greater fracture stability than the conventional empirical method of fixation.
Medical nutrition therapy in patients receiving ECMO: Evidence‐based guidance for clinical practice
Authors: Dresen Ellen , Naidoo Omy , Hill Aileen , Elke Gunnar , Lindner Matthias , Jonckheer Joop , De Waele Elisabeth , Meybohm Patrick , Modir Ranna , Patel Jayshil J. , Christopher Kenneth B. , Stoppe Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) inherit substantial disease‐associated metabolic, endocrinologic, and immunologic modifications. Along with the technical components of ECMO, the aforementioned alterations may affect patients' needs and feasibility of adequate macronutrient and micronutrient supply and intake. Thus, patients receiving ECMO are at increased risk for iatrogenic malnutrition and require targeted individual medical nutrition therapy (MNT). However, specific recommendations for MNT in patients receiving ECMO are limited and, with some exceptions, based on an evidence base encompassing general patients who are critically ill. Consequently, clinician decision‐making for MNT in patients receiving ECMO is unguided, which may further increase nutrition risk, culminating in iatrogenic malnutrition and ultimately affecting patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide educational background and highlight specific points for MNT in adult patients receiving ECMO, which might serve as evidence‐based guidance to develop institutional standard operating procedures and nutrition protocols for daily clinical practice.
Climatic controls on soil and saprock nitrogen distribution and persistence in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Moreland Kimber C. , Barnes Morgan E. , O'Geen Anthony , Dove Nicholas , Hart Stephen C. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient in soil that regulates plant growth, terrestrial sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and persistence of organic compounds. However, major knowledge gaps remain about how climate change may impact N accumulation and persistence, especially in deep soil and saprock (friable weakly weathered bedrock).AimsOur objective was to understand how climate impacts the accumulation of N in soil and saprock and how climate impacts soil N distribution, persistence, and mechanisms of N persistence.MethodsWe investigated N concentration in bulk soil and density fractions. We estimated N persistence along a bio‐climatic sequence—sites range from a low‐elevation oak savannah, mid‐elevation pine‐oak/mixed‐conifer forest, to a high‐elevation subalpine forest—in the southern Sierra Nevada in California. A combination of radiocarbon and elemental composition measurements along with a first‐order kinetic model was used.ResultsThe N concentration in the bulk soil and density fractions declined with depth, and there was a relatively greater mineral‐associated heavy fraction (HF) N in deeper samples. The cooler/wetter mixed conifer site held 37% of profile N in saprock, which was greater than that of the entire soil profile at the drier/hotter oak savannah. The majority of N in soil, which was in the HF, was not influenced by climate proxies tested. However, both unprotected and occluded fractions of N were strongly influenced by climate. Soil N mean residence time (MRT) showed that drier/hotter climates have a shorter MRT, compared to mid‐elevation sites with cooler/wetter climates.ConclusionsThe effect of climate on deep saprock N storage might be indirect, primarily through climatic influence on the thickness of saprock. Overall, our findings suggest the mineral‐associated HF N pool will not be vulnerable to changes in climate and will continue to contribute to the persistent soil N pool. The amount of topsoil and subsoil unprotected and occluded N can be explained by gross primary productivity and mean annual precipitation indicating that changes in climate can influence N partitioning. N stored in deep soil and saprock may be less vulnerable to climate than N stored in drier/hotter climates with less deeply stored N. It is critical to dig deeper to understand terrestrial ecosystems’ response to climate.
Adsorption of surfactant during chemical enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Hazarika Kalpajit , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurfactant is extensively used as chemicals during chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) process. Effectiveness of surfactant CEOR process depends on several parameters like formation of micro emulsion, ultra‐low interfacial tension (IFT) and adsorption of surfactant. First two parameters enhance the effectiveness while the last parameter reduces the effectiveness. Micro emulsions are highly desirable for CEOR due to its low interfacial tension (IFT) value and higher viscosity. In this research the size of the emulsions were studied with particle size analyzer to study the liquid–liquid absorption process and the entrapment of oil drops inside surfactant drop. Initially, the average surfactant drop size was found to be 100 nm, after mixing the surfactant slug with reservoir crude, the size was increase up to 10 times. It signifies the formation of micro emulsion between surfactant and oil. Another attempt was done in this research to study the adsorption mechanism of surfactant on reservoir rock. The process of adsorption was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to understand the adsorption phenomena. In this study, it was found that the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption phenomena was chemical for surfactant flooding process. In chemical adsorption phenomena, the rate of adsorption is high because, surfactant molecules are adsorbed layer after layer by the rock surface. Use of alkali along with surfactant reduces adsorption of surfactant since, alkali blocked the active clay sites before interacting with surfactant and hence the adsorption isotherm was found to be Langmuir and phenomena was physical adsorption.
Adsorption of cationic/nonionic surfactant mixtures on polyester
Authors: Adamy Steven T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExperiments were performed to characterize the adsorption of the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BZK) on polyester as well as measure the effect of the cationic surfactant on polyester surface charge. Additional studies were performed to examine the effect of adding nonionic surfactants on surface charge. In studies of adsorption of BZK on polyester, different behaviors were observed at pH values 6 and 10, with adsorption reaching a maximum at pH 10 but not at pH 6. In probing the zeta potential and isoelectric point (IEP) of polyester exposed to solutions composed of BZK (cationic surfactant) and an ethoxylated alcohol (nonionic surfactant), it was seen that the IEP could be shifted to higher pH levels by increasing the mole fraction of nonionic surfactant in a cationic/nonionic surfactant solution. A maximum in the IEP was obtained at a certain mole fraction for most cases. The shift in the IEP was hypothesized to be driven by increased deposition of the cationic, since the nonionic itself did not significantly change the IEP. The cooperative interactions between cationic and nonionic species were theorized to be driven not so much by attractive interactions, but other interactions, such as minimization of cationic charge repulsion.
Porosity determination of Vienna sausages through digital images analysis
Authors: Blanco‐Lizarazo Carla María , Ospina Echeverri Juan Camilo , Alvarez Hernán 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research aimed to determine the porosity and particle size distribution in canned Vienna‐type sausages using digital image analysis (DIA) on photographs captured with a digital camera and applying a Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology determined morphometric parameters (area and Feret diameter) by DIA of transverse and longitudinal sections of canned sausages. Those images were previously contrast enhanced, color threshold adjusted, and binarized. Subsequently, the estimation of the pore volume was carried out from the inverse Gaussian distributions of Feret diameter and area, as well as the porosity, using Monte Carlo simulation.RESULTSThe pores had an average Feret diameter of 0.335 mm and an average area of 0.085 mm2. The highest estimated bivariate kernel density was presented for the smallest pores (around 0.02 mm2 in area and 0.25 mm in diameter). Simulation average values of pore volume, assumed as a cylinder, and porosity were 1.455 mm3 and 0.737 respectively. The average porosity value was consistent with the value experimentally estimated by the indirect method, in concordance with the definition of porosity, which was 0.715, presenting a mean relative percentage error of 3.08% concerning the estimated experimental value as well.CONCLUSIONThis research presents interesting perspectives for the quantitative analysis of the microstructure of food and biological materials through a novel, low‐cost, reliable, and fast proposal. Moreover, this is the first study to report the porosity determination in canned sausages by DIA. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound‐assisted reverse micelle extraction and characterization of tea protein from tea residue
Authors: Qiu Minjian , Wang Nannan , Pend Jiamin , Li Yan , Li Lu , Xie Xinan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, ultrasonic‐assisted reverse micelles were used to extract tea protein from tea residues. First, the extraction conditions of ultrasonic power, ionic strength and pH were optimized by response surface methodology. Then, structural comparison of ultrasonic‐assisted reverse micelle extraction of tea protein (UARME) and ultrasonic‐assisted alkali extraction (UAAE) were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and amino acid composition.RESULTSThe optimum process conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 300 W, KCl 0.15 mol L−1, pH 8. The extraction rate was 46.29%, which was close to the theoretical value (46.44%). SEM showed that the protein particles extracted by UARME were smaller than those by UAAE. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the protein extracted by UARME had higher α‐helix, β‐sheet and β‐turn, and the contents were 20%, 62.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The content of random coil was 0%, which was significantly lower than that of alkali extraction, indicating that the secondary structure of protein extracted by UARME was more orderly. By comparing the amino acid composition of the two methods, the amino acid content of tea protein extracted by UARME was significantly higher than that of UAAE.CONCLUSIONThe biological activity of tea protein is closely related to its structure. Compared with alkali extraction, reverse micelles can better protect the secondary structure of proteins, which is of great significance for studying their functional properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genetically derived effective population size estimates of herpetofaunal species should be used with caution
Authors: Kimble Steven J. A. , Unger Shem D. , Williams Rod N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEffective population size (NE) is an important parameter for conservation of threatened wildlife. Current estimators of NE that use genetic data, however, may not be equally useful among taxa that are difficult to sample, such as cryptic, iteroparous, long‐lived herpetofauna. To better understand the use of NE estimators for such taxa, we generated and compared contemporary NE estimates to evaluate methods, repeatability, and the effects of sample size at management scales and functional genetic population scales for the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis). We chose these 2 species for their differing dispersal abilities, reproductive variances, and natural history traits, which may be useful in exploring the weaknesses and strengths of NE estimators. We collected species‐specific microsatellite genotypes from 2,712 individuals (1,133 hellbenders, 1,579 box turtles) in 2007–2011 from across their ranges in the eastern United States. We then grouped samples into range‐wide genetic clusters, state‐level management populations, and small regional management populations (e.g., state parks). We also randomly subsampled (rarefied) from these 3 categories to explore the effects of reduced sampling effort on NE estimates. We used 4 popular estimators: NEESTIMATOR (linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote excess methods), LDNE, and ONESAMP. Over half of all attempts at estimating NE failed to give complete estimates (those that included only non‐negative and non‐infinity values). There was variation between species but also among estimators. Repeated sampling of genetic populations resulted in inconsistent results, and estimates generally increased with sample size. The linkage disequilibrium version of NEESTIMATOR returned the largest percentage (95.8%) of complete estimates. Program ONESAMP obtained complete estimates for 62.0% of attempts and generally provided the numerically largest estimates. Only 19.4% of LDNE estimates and none of the heterozygote excess version of NEESTIMATOR estimates were complete. Generally, NE estimates were higher for box turtles, perhaps because of their greater dispersal capabilities, historically larger populations, and longer lifespans. Our results suggest that estimates of NE for long‐lived herpetofauna species vary according to species, sample size, genetic cluster, management population, and estimator used. Therefore, we recommend managers of populations of long‐lived herpetofaunal species use NE estimators with caution, and consider results from multiple methods before incorporating NE into management practice.
Soil conservation and smallholder welfare under cassava‐based systems in Thailand
Authors: Tabe‐Ojong Martin Paul Jr. , Ibarra Lina Marcela , Andrade Robert Santiago , Labarta Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand degradation, declining soil fertility, and erosion continue to plague agricultural production in many developing countries. In response to these farm production constraints and environmental challenges, a range of soil conservation technologies and practices have been developed and disseminated to tackle soil nutrient and fertility declines. However, evidence on the association between soil conservation, farm performance, and smallholder welfare is scarce. In this study, we examine the relationship between soil conservation, farm performance, and welfare outcomes of smallholder cassava farmers in Thailand. We use a farm household survey of 602 cassava growers and apply a doubly robust multivalued treatment effect estimator to estimate the relationship between soil conservation, farm performance, and welfare as well as the observable characteristics associated with the use of soil conservation practices. We observe a positive association between the use of soil conservation practices and cassava yields which is most likely associated with higher‐income streams. Similar insights are also observed for other welfare outcomes such as asset accumulation, including livestock which represents rural wealth to a considerable extent. The positive association between soil conservation and livestock ownership hints at some form of rural diversification. Given these insights, our analysis supports and gives credence to initiatives that promote the adoption of soil conservation as they are not only pro‐poor but also environmentally friendly with significant concerns for ecological safeguards.
Three‐dimensional wideband absorbance immittance findings in young adults with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Wang Jie , Grais Emad M. , Li Yongxin , Zhao Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) on middle ear sound transmission using wideband absorbance immittance (WAI).MethodsWAI results from young adult LVAS patients and normal adults were compared.ResultsAveraged energy absorbance (EA) at ambient and peak pressure in the LVAS group showed differences to the normal group. Under ambient pressure, the average EA of the LVAS group was significantly higher than the normal group at frequencies 472–866 Hz and 6169–8000 Hz (p < .05) and lower at frequencies 1122–2520 Hz (p < .05). Under peak pressure, absorbance was increased at frequencies 515–728, 841, and 6169–8000 Hz (p < .05) and decreased at 1122–1374 Hz and 1587–2448 Hz (p < .05). An investigation into the effect of external auditory canal pressure on EA across frequencies in the pressure–frequency domain, showed that EA differed significantly in the low‐frequency region of 707and 1000 Hz from 0 to 200 daPa and 500 Hz at 50 daPa (p < .05). There was also a significant difference in EA between the two groups at 8000 Hz (p < .05) in the pressure range −200–300 daPa.ConclusionWAI is a valuable tool to measure the effect of LVAS on middle ear sound transmission. LVAS has a significant effect on EA at low and mid frequencies under ambient pressure, while the frequencies affected are mainly at low frequencies when positive pressure is presented.Level of EvidenceLevel 3a.