bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy levels in Australian chiropractic students
Authors: Innes Stanley I. , Simpson J. Keith 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveEmpathy is an important modifiable quality of health care practitioners that relates to the quality of patient care. The educative process may adversely affect the empathy levels of health care students at key phases of training. This topic remains unexplored in chiropractic students to date.MethodsA voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all chiropractic students in an Australian university-based program in April 2021. This questionnaire recorded age, sex, year of study, and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire scores.ResultsChiropractic student empathy scores approximated those of other Australian health care students. No statistical differences were found when comparing the mean scores of empathy levels across the 5 student cohorts. The empathy levels of female chiropractic students' were significantly higher than those of the male chiropractic students.ConclusionThis study provides a baseline from which further explorations on empathy may be conducted in chiropractic students. This holds the potential to improve practitioners' quality of life and patient outcomes and for educators to identify subject matter that may negatively affect empathy levels.
Rediscovery of 4‐Trehalosamine as a Biologically Stable, Mass‐Producible, and Chemically Modifiable Trehalose Analog
Authors: Wada Shun‐ichi , Arimura Honami , Nagayoshi Miho , Sawa Ryuichi , Kubota Yumiko , Matoba Kazuaki , Hayashi Chigusa , Shibuya Yuko , Hatano Masaki , Takehana Yasuhiro , Ohba Shun‐ichi , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Igarashi Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonreducing disaccharide trehalose is used as a stabilizer and humectant in various products and is a potential medicinal drug, showing curative effects on the animal models of various diseases. However, its use is limited as it is hydrolyzed by trehalase, a widely expressed enzyme in multiple organisms. Several trehalose analogs are prepared, including a microbial metabolite 4‐trehalosamine, and their high biological stability is confirmed. For further analysis, 4‐trehalosamine is selected as it shows high producibility. Compared with trehalose, 4‐trehalosamine exhibits better or comparable protective activities and a high buffer capacity around the neutral pH. Another advantage of 4‐trehalosamine is its chemical modifiability: simple reactions produce its various derivatives. Labeled probes and detergents are synthesized in one‐pot reactions to exemplify the feasibility of their production, and their utility is confirmed for their respective applications. The labeled probes are used for mycobacterial staining. Although the derivative detergents can be effectively used in membrane protein research, long‐chain detergents show 1000–3000‐fold stronger autophagy‐inducing activity in cultured cells than trehalose and are expected to become a drug lead and research reagent. These results indicate that 4‐trehalosamine is a useful trehalose substitute for various purposes and a material to produce new useful derivative substances.
Atomically Precise Single Metal Oxide Cluster Catalyst with Oxygen‐Controlled Activity
Authors: Li Xinzhe , Guo Na , Chen Zhongxin , Zhou Xin , Zhao Xiaoxu , Du Yonghua , Ma Lu , Fang Yiyun , Xu Haomin , Yang Huimin , Yu Wei , Lu Shangchen , Tian Mingjiao , He Qian , Loh Kian Ping , Xi Shibo , Zhang Chun , Lu Jiong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle cluster catalysts (SCCs) consisting of atomically precise metal nanoclusters dispersed on supports represent a new frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the ability to synthesize SCCs with high loading and to precisely introduce non‐metal atoms to further tune their catalytic activity and reaction scope of SCCs have been longstanding challenges. Here, a new interface confinement strategy is developed for the synthesis of a high density of atomically precise Ru oxide nanoclusters (Ru3O2) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), attributed to the suppression of diffusion‐induced metal cluster aggregation. Ru3O2/rGO exhibits a significantly enhanced activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) to quinoline with a high yield (≈86%) and selectivity (≈99%), superior to Ru and RuO2 nanoparticles, and homogeneous single/multiple‐site Ru catalysts. In addition, Ru3O2/rGO is also capable of efficiently catalyzing more complex oxidative reactions involving three reactants. The theoretical calculations reveal that the presence of two oxygen atoms in the Ru3O2 motif not only leads to a weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the THQ reactant and the active site, but also dramatically depletes the density of states near the Fermi level, which is attributed to the increased positive valence state of Ru and the enhanced oxidative activity of the Ru3O2 cluster for hydrogen abstraction.
Raising the Intrinsic Safety of Layered Oxide Cathodes by Surface Re‐Lithiation with LLZTO Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Junyang , Chen Rusong , Yang Lufeng , Zan Mingwei , Chen Penghao , Li Yu , Li Wenjun , Yu Huigen , Yu Xiqian , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan , Li Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBattery safety concerns are becoming more and more prominent with the increasing demands of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density. The greatest threat to battery safety derives from the easy release of oxygen from the high‐capacity layered oxide cathodes at highly delithiated states and subsequent exothermic reactions with reductive agents in batteries. Herein, it is demonstrated that solid electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) can supply lithium ions to re‐lithiate the charged LiCoO2 at elevated temperatures. Such a re‐lithiation process can lower the state‐of‐charge of LiCoO2, and thus, inherently postpones its structural decomposition and the associated release of oxygen during the heating process. The LiCoO2/graphite full cell with 1 wt% addition of LLZTO demonstrates remarkably enhanced safety performances. This work proposes a strategy that through the adoption of solid electrolytes to solve safety issues raised from both flammable liquid electrolytes and high capacity cathodes, to achieve intrinsically safe LIBs or solid‐state batteries.
Enhanced Performance of Carbon‐Based, Fully Printed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells through Defects Passivation
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Zheling , Liu Jian , Huang Yu , Wang Dongjie , She Bin , Liu Baichen , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon‐based, fully printed mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PMPSCs) possess outstanding environmental stability, which can be fabricated by screen‐printing techniques with low costs in large area. The performance of PMPSCs is severely hindered by strong carrier recombination from ionic defects at the grain boundaries in perovskite films. In this work, ethylene carbonate (EC) with electron‐rich CO functional groups are successfully introduced in to (5‐AVA)xMA1−xPbI3 PMPSCs as an additive to effectively suppress carrier recombination by passivating the defects at grain boundaries. The density functional theory calculations and film characterization reveal that EC effectively reduces charge trapping density by passivation of defects. With the introduction of EC, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PMPSCs with EC is increased up to 15.28% from 12.99% of PMPSCs without EC. In addition, PMPSCs with EC show excellent stability and better moisture resistance under air conditions. The PMPSCs with EC keep above 90% of the original PCE after 55 days stored in air with a humidity of 60 ± 10%. The work offers a strategy to passivate defects in high‐performance PMPSCs with excellent stability.
Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al2O3 by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Moreno‐Sanabria Luis , Ramírez Cristina , Osendi María Isabel , Belmonte Manuel , Miranzo Pilar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the main challenges to widen the potential applications of 3D printed highly porous ceramic structures in catalysis, energy storage or thermal management resides in the improvement of both their mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity. To achieve these goals, highly hierarchical γ‐alumina (γ‐Al2O3) scaffolds containing up to 18 vol% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), including channels of controlled size and shape in the millimeter scale and meso‐porosity within the rods, are developed by robocasting from boehmite‐based aqueous inks without other printing additives. These 3D structures exhibit high porosity (85%) and specific surface area of 100 m2 g−1. The incorporation of 12 vol% GNP leads to an enhanced mechanical response of the scaffolds, increasing the compressive strength and the elastic modulus up to ≈80% as compared with data for plain γ‐Al2O3 scaffolds. The thermal conductivity is measured by the transient plane source method using specifically designed 3D structures with external sidewalls and additional top/bottom covers to assure a good contact at the outer surfaces. The thermal conductivity of 3D porous structures augments with the GNP content, reaching a maximum value four times higher for the scaffolds containing 18 vol% GNP than that attained for the 3D monolithic γ‐Al2O3.
MoSi2N4: A 2D Regime with Strong Exciton–Phonon Coupling
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Liang Fei , Guo Ruiqi , Lu Dazhi , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe exciton and phonon strong coupling in functional materials is rich of physics and has promising applications in modern optoelectronics and photonics. However, the direct realization of strong exciton–phonon coupling without complex and well‐designed resonator at room temperature is still a challenge in this topic associated with the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and constrained by the thermalized noise. Here, the enhancement of exciton–phonon coupling in 2D MoSi2N4 material is demonstrated by the near exciton resonance technique and first realization of the strong‐coupling states of exciton and phonon in MoSi2N4 at room temperature. With the involving of three‐band terms transition processes, the phonon scattering transition probability and exciton–phonon interaction are significantly enhanced. Then the strong coupling is reached which maintains high energy transfer efficiency between exciton and phonon supporting over ten phonon replicas at room temperature without introducing harsh resonant cavity. This work identifies that the 2D MoSi2N4 should be a promising strong‐coupling system for exploring many‐body quantum states with strong correlations and further applications in quantum systems, especially for exciton tailoring and room‐temperature tunable exciton lasers.
Synthesis of Porous Clay Heterostructures Modified with SiO2–ZrO2 Nanoparticles for the Valorization of Furfural in One‐Pot Process
Authors: Essih Salima , Cecilia Juan Antonio , Jiménez‐Gómez Carmen Pilar , García‐Sancho Cristina , García‐Mateos Francisco José , Rosas Juana María , Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Franco Francisco , Maireles‐Torres Pedro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe layered structure of two smectites (montmorillonite and saponite) are modified by the insertion of SiO2–ZrO2 nanoparticles, with a Si/Zr molar ratio of 5, to form porous clay heterostructures (PCHs). These PCHs exhibit a clear improvement of the textural and acid properties in comparison to the starting clays, due to the formation of a pillared structure and the presence of Zr species, which provide an increase in the amount of Lewis acid sites. These materials are studied in one‐pot catalytic processes to transform furfural into valuable products, such as furfuryl alcohol, alkyl furfuryl ethers, alkyl levulinates or γ‐valerolactone, depending on the experimental conditions. Thus, the use of milder reaction temperature (110 °C) favors the formation of furfuryl alcohol and alkyl furfuryl ethers, while higher temperatures (170 °C) promote the formation of alkyl levulinate and γ‐valerolactone, as well as an increase in nondetected products associated to the formation of humins due to the polymerization of furfural and/or furfuryl alcohol.
Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Performance through Synergistic Compositional and Microstructural Engineering
Authors: Yan Yongke , Geng Liwei D. , Zhu Li‐Feng , Leng Haoyang , Li Xiaotian , Liu Hairui , Lin Dabin , Wang Ke , Wang Yu U. , Priya Shashank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric materials enable the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice‐versa. Ultrahigh piezoelectricity has been only observed in single crystals. Realization of piezoelectric ceramics with longitudinal piezoelectric constant (d33) close to 2000 pC N–1, which combines single crystal‐like high properties and ceramic‐like cost effectiveness, large‐scale manufacturing, and machinability will be a milestone in advancement of piezoelectric ceramic materials. Here, guided by phenomenological models and phase‐field simulations that provide conditions for flattening the energy landscape of polarization, a synergistic design strategy is demonstrated that exploits compositionally driven local structural heterogeneity and microstructural grain orientation/texturing to provide record piezoelectricity in ceramics. This strategy is demonstrated on [001]PC‐textured and Eu3+‐doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) ceramics that exhibit the highest piezoelectric coefficient (small‐signal d33 of up to 1950 pC N–1 and large‐signal d33* of ≈2100 pm V–1) among all the reported piezoelectric ceramics. Extensive characterization conducted using high‐resolution microscopy and diffraction techniques in conjunction with the computational models reveals the underlying mechanisms governing the piezoelectric performance. Further, the impact of losses on the electromechanical coupling is identified, which plays major role in suppressing the percentage of piezoelectricity enhancement, and the fundamental understanding of loss in this study sheds light on further enhancement of piezoelectricity. These results on cost‐effective and record performance piezoelectric ceramics will launch a new generation of piezoelectric applications.
A Laser‐ARPES View of the 2D Electron Systems at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and Al/SrTiO3 Interfaces
Authors: McKeown Walker Siobhan , Boselli Margherita , Martínez Emanuel A. , Gariglio Stefano , Bruno Flavio Y. , Baumberger Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure of the two‐dimensional electron system (2DES) found at the Al/SrTiO3 (Al/STO) and LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces is measured by means of laser angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, taking advantage of the large photoelectron escape depth at low photon energy to probe these buried interfaces. The possibility of tuning the electronic density in Al/STO by varying the Al layer thickness is demonstrated, and it is shown that the electronic structure evolution is well described by self‐consistent tight binding supercell calculations, but differs qualitatively from a rigid band shift model. It is shown that both 2DES are strongly coupled to longitudinal optical phonons, in agreement with previous reports of a polaronic ground state in similar STO based 2DESs. Tuning the electronic density in Al/STO to match that of LAO/STO and comparing both systems, it is estimated that the intrinsic LAO/STO 2DES has a bare band width of ≈60 meV and a carrier density of ≈6 × 1013 cm−2.
Insulin sensitivity as a predictor of longitudinal changes on body mass index in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: da Cruz Valéria Lima , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Paravidino Vitor Barreto , Neves Fabiana Alves , de Oliveira Malafaia Tayanne , Rodrigues Junior Luiz Fernando , Moura Anibal Sanchez , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effect of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance status at baseline on longitudinal body mass index, and the possible effect modification by sex.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a randomized intervention community trial, in which a subgroup of 84 adolescents, aged between 10 and 12 years, were analyzed. Body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were determined before and after 8 months of follow‐up. Glucose and serum insulin were examined at baseline and IR was defined based on the homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), with a cutoff >2.5 for both genders. Linear mixed‐effects models were performed to evaluate the influence of HOMA‐IR at baseline on BMI changes over time. Models were adjusted for age, pubertal stage, and stratified by sex.ResultsThe sample comprised 65.4% of girls and the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 54.7% among girls and 50.0% among boys. The overall prevalence of IR was 75.3%, of which 60.7% for boys and 83.0% for girls. We found an interaction effect by sex (p = .004) for HOMA‐IR as a continuous variable, with a decreased BMI rate of change among boys (β = −0.13; p = .03) but not for girls (β = +0.03; p = .36). Longitudinal BMI changes considering IR status at baseline (IR vs. non‐IR) did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference for both boys (−0.1 vs. +0.4; p = .28) and girls (+0.7 vs. +1.0; p = .44).ConclusionIncreased HOMA‐IR values at baseline were associated with greater BMI reduction over time among boys but not girls, with no influence of IR status.
Gold Nanostars: Synthesis, Optical and SERS Analytical Properties
Authors: Becerril‐Castro I. Brian , Calderon Irene , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Guerrini Luca , Schulz Florian , Feliu Neus , Chakraborty Indranath , Giannini Vincenzo , Parak Wolfgang J. , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGold nanostars are among the most efficient plasmonic nanomaterials for optical sensing with surface enhanced Raman scattering. In recent years, gold nanostars have increased relevance in physics, analytical chemistry, environmental science, biology and medicine, and in particular in sensing and therapy. These colloids can sustain ultrastrong electromagnetic fields which allow their use as single particles optical enhancers; are colloidally stable and may have a marked catalytical activity. Due to their exotic shape, these colloids present characteristic optical and reactive behaviors. Here, we briefly discuss the optical properties, the synthetic routes and the analytical applications of these nanoparticles.
Strong but heterogeneous distributional responses to climate change are projected for temperate and semi‐arid stream vertebrates
Authors: Elliott Jennifer , Passy Sophia I. , Pound Katrina L. , Merritt Glenn , Polkowske Stacy , Larson Chad A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Globally, freshwater systems are threatened by climate change, so projections under various climate change scenarios are needed to inform efforts to protect and conserve already vulnerable taxa.
Here, the change in distribution of stream vertebrates was investigated under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Using occurrence data from multiple stream surveys in Washington State spanning 559 sites and 24 years, species distribution models for 23 aquatic vertebrate taxa (21 fish and two amphibians) were developed.
Models projected changes in taxon distributions for 2070 under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) ranging from 2.6 to 8.5 W m−2. To assess potential biological impacts of these predictions, changes in taxon richness and beta diversity of stream vertebrates were also investigated. Moreover, predictor variables were examined to assess which ones were more important in determining taxon distributions.
Substantial changes in the spatial distribution of stream vertebrates were projected for all RCP scenarios by 2070, but the greatest changes were expected to occur under RCP 6.0 and 8.5. The taxa evaluated were predicted to experience substantial increase, decrease, or shift in distribution.
Taxon richness of stream vertebrates was forecasted to increase with RCP scenario relative to historical conditions, suggesting that distributional expansions outpaced distributional contractions. However, beta diversity was predicted to decrease considerably, suggesting increased biotic homogenization. Variables important for determining future distributions varied by taxa, with most species influenced by a combination of variables.
These results indicate that failing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to dramatic impacts on stream vertebrates. The magnitude of predicted future impacts was dependent upon RCP scenario, so advancements in policy to reduce carbon emissions are necessary. We also recommend as potential conservation measures preserving cold‐water refugia and increasing efforts to lower stream water temperatures by, for example, expanding the riparian cover and/or linking surface water to groundwater.
Rubicene, an Unusual Contorted Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sivakumar Irla , Swamynathan K. , Ram Dinesh , Raghunathan V.A. , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRubicene, an unusual contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was realized to function as a novel core fragment for discotic liquid crystals. The central π‐conjugated motif was prepared from dialkoxyiodobenzene via Sonagashira coupling followed by pentannulation and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesized rubicene derivatives were found to be thermally stable and exhibit enantiotropic columnar mesophases. The columnar arrangement of these derivatives has been validated using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry & small‐angle X‐ray scattering.
Release of 14C‐labeled carbon dioxide from ascorbic acid during straight dough wheat bread making
Authors: Beghin Alice S. , Ooms Nand , Brijs Kristof , Pareyt Bram , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe redox agent L‐ascorbic acid is included in wheat bread recipes for the dough strengthening and bread volume enhancing effects it brings about once converted into dehydro‐
L‐ascorbic acid. We here used different dosages of ascorbic acid along with 14C1‐labeled ascorbic acid to measure the loss of its C1‐atoms as carbon dioxide during dough fermentation and bread baking.FindingsThe loss of carbon dioxide from ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, or other components formed therefrom is mainly thermally induced. Higher dosages of ascorbic acid resulted in lower portions thereof losing their C1‐atom during baking with 80% or 59% of its C1‐atoms lost when dosing 10 or 300 ppm ascorbic acid (on flour base), respectively. Given the limited amount of molecular oxygen, which is needed for the conversion of ascorbic acid into dehydroascorbic acid, available in dough, a lower percentage‐wise conversion of the former into the latter is expected at a higher ascorbic acid dosage, which seems to be linked to a relatively lower percentage‐wise loss of C1‐atoms.ConclusionsIt was concluded that dehydroascorbic acid has a pivotal role in the reactions leading to ascorbic acid decarboxylation and its reaction products.Significance and NoveltyDue to the increasing awareness of correct food product labeling, it is important to understand to which extent ascorbic acid is degraded during bread making.
A giant early second‐trimester placental chorioangioma associated with isolated proteinuria and histopathologically confirmed placental insufficiency, a novel association: A case report
Authors: Rahimi‐Sharbaf Fatemeh , Ghalandarpoor‐Attar Seyedeh Noushin , Moravej‐Salehi Farnaz , Ghalandarpoor‐Attar Seyedeh Mojgan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a case of giant chorioangioma at 18 weeks of gestation leading to fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without other evidences of fetal volume overload and late‐onset isolated proteinuria. Oligohydramnios developed at term and placental insufficiency was confirmed on histopathological examination and a nonanemic nonthrombocytopenic normal weight healthy baby was delivered.