bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The augmented base locus in mixed characteristic
Authors: Stigant Liam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet L be a nef and big line bundle on a scheme X. It is well known that if X is a projective over a field then the augmented base locus and the exceptional base locus agree. This result is extended to projective schemes over arbitrary excellent Noetherian bases, assuming the result holds in characteristic zero. In particular the result holds if the base is a mixed characteristic Dedekind domain or if L is semiample in characteristic 0.
Optical absorption of conduction electrons in semiconductor nanowires in the presence of the electron–phonon interaction
Authors: Zorik Anas , Farhoud Maher , Sakr Mohammed R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe calculate the energy states and the optical absorption coefficient for electrons in a nanowire in the presence of the Rashba and the longitudinal-optical phonon interactions. The interplay of those interactions results in a splitting in the electron dispersion relation at zero wavevector that grows linearly for the ground state as the strength of the lateral quantum confinement increases. For higher states, the energy splitting increases more rapidly till the state of resonant polaron is reached, then it increases slowly due to the pinning effect. The frequency separation between the well-resolved absorption peaks and their number are greatly influenced by the state of the polarons.
Learning curve and functional outcomes after laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostate hyperplasia according to surgeon’s caseload
Authors: Kosiba M. , Hoeh B. , Welte M. N. , Krimphove M. J. , Vitucci K. , Lindemann N. , Schröder J. , Jost L. , Schmidt F. E. , von Hollen A. , Kluth L. A. , Mandel P. , Roos F. C. , Chun F. K. H. , Becker A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of surgical caseload on safety, efficacy, and functional outcomes of laser enucleation of the prostate (LEP) applying a structured mentoring program.

Methods
Patient characteristics, perioperative data, and functional outcomes were analyzed descriptively. Linear and logistic regression models analyzed the effect of caseload on complications, functional outcomes and operative speed. Within the structured mentoring program a senior surgeon was present for the first 24 procedures completely, for partial steps in procedures 25–49, and as needed thereafter.

Results
A total of 677 patients from our prospective institutional database (2017–2022) were included for analysis. Of these, 84 (12%), 75 (11%), 82 (12%), 106 (16%), and 330 patients (49%) were operated by surgeons at (A) < 25, (B) 25–49, (C) 50–99, (D) 100–199, and (E) ≥ 200 procedures. Preoperative characteristics were balanced (all p > 0.05) except for prostate volume, which increased with caseload.
There was no significant difference in change of IPSS, Quality of life, ICIQ, pad usage, peak urine flow, residual urine, and major complications (Group A: 8.3 to E: 7.6%, p = 0.2) depending on the caseload. Caseload was not associated (Odds ratio: 0.7–1.4, p > 0.2) with major complications in the multivariable logistic regression model. Only operating time was significantly shorter with increasing caseload in the multivariable analysis (111–55 min, beta 23.9–62.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
With a structured mentoring program, the safety and efficacy of LEP can be ensured even during the learning curve with very good outcome quality. Only the operating time decreases significantly with increasing experience of the surgeon.
Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising off-season and in-season weeds and their relationship with maize yield under conservation agriculture
Authors: Mhlanga Blessing , Ercoli Laura , Piazza Gaia , Thierfelder Christian , Pellegrino Elisa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Weeds are responsible for major crop losses worldwide but can provide beneficial agroecosystem services. This study aimed to elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in weeds respond to host identity and conservation agricultural practices. The study was carried out at two locations in Southern Africa during off-season and in-season maize cultivation. Off-season AMF root colonisation, diversity indices and community composition significantly differed among weed species at both locations. Glomus sp. VTX00280 explains most of the AMF community differences. In-season, implementation of conventional tillage with mulching alone (CT + M) or together with crop rotation (CT + M + R) resulted in a 20% increase in AMF colonisation of the constantly occurring weed species, Bidens pilosa (BIDPI) and Richardia scabra (RCHSC), compared with conventional tillage plus rotations (CT + R). The diversity of AMF was highest under no-tillage plus mulching (NT + M). Off-season and in-season AMF structures of both BIDPI and RCHSC were not related, but 39% of the taxa were shared. Structural equation modelling showed a significant effect of the cropping system on weed AMF diversity parameters and weed and maize root colonisation, but no significant influence of weed root AMF traits and maize colonisation was detected on maize yield. This may be explained by the improvement in weed competitive ability, which may have offset the AMF-mediated benefits on yield. Our findings highlight that implementing M and CR to CT and NT positively affected weed AMF colonisation and diversity. The similarity between the off-season and in-season AMF composition of weeds supports the fact that weeds functionally host AMF during the non-crop period.
The association between antigenemia, histology with immunohistochemistry, and mucosal PCR in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis with concomitant human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Yamawaka Tsukasa , Kitamoto Hiroki , Nojima Masanori , Kazama Tomoe , Wagatsuma Kohei , Ishigami Keisuke , Yamamoto Shuji , Honzawa Yusuke , Matsuura Minoru , Seno Hiroshi , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) colitis can be involved in active ulcerative colitis (UC) in patients refractory to steroid and immunosuppressive drugs. Histological examination with colonic biopsy specimens and antigenemia assays are the standard tests for diagnosing HCMV enterocolitis, and we have previously reported the usefulness of mucosal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. However, the associations among histopathological tests, antigenemia assays, and mucosal PCR are unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 82 UC patients who underwent mucosal biopsy from inflamed colonic tissues for histological evaluation and mucosal PCR to detect HCMV. We analyzed the relationships between the HCMV-DNA copy number in colonic mucosa and other HCMV tests.

Results
In total, 131 HCMV mucosal PCR tests from 82 UC patients were positive. The HCMV-DNA copy number was significantly higher in patients with positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) (p < 0.01) and was correlated with the number of positive cells for the antigenemia (C7-HRP, p < 0.01; C10/11, p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed 1300 copies/μg of HCMV-DNA as the best diagnostic cut-off value to predict positive results of antigenemia (area under the curve = 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.93). HCMV-DNA copy number also correlated with the total UCEIS score (p = 0.013) and the bleeding score (p = 0.014). For each individual patient, a positive correlation between the change in total UCEIS score and HCMV-DNA copy number was observed (p = 0.040).

Conclusion
The antigenemia assay and histopathological test with IHC were significantly associated with the HCMV-DNA copy number in colonic tissues. Moreover, endoscopic examination with the UCEIS can help diagnose the HCMV colitis in UC patients.
Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of biomimetic self-assembling peptides in post-orthodontic white spot lesions compared to fluoride-based delivery systems: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gohar Raneen Ahmed Abou El Gheit , Ibrahim Shereen Hafez , Safwat Omaima Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the clinical performance of self-assembling peptides versus fluoride-based delivery systems in post-orthodontic white spot lesions.

Materials and methods
The participants were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 58) according to the remineralizing agent used, where (A) group represented participants receiving a varnish containing 22.600 fluoride ppm and tricalcium phosphate, while the second group (B) represented participants receiving self-assembling peptide. The remineralizing process of the white spot lesion was assessed using the DIAGNOdent pen and ICDAS scoring system according to the time when the remineralizing agent was used (T), where T0 represented the score taken at baseline. T1 represented the score taken after 3 months of follow-ups and T2 score represented the score taken after 6 months of follow-up. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. The parametric data: two-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of interaction among different variables. The non-parametric data: Mann–Whitney test was used. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results
There was a quantitative statistically significant difference via DIAGNOpen readings between Group A (fluoride material) and Group B (self-assembling peptides). The highest mean value of 10.51 was found in Group A, while the least mean value of 6.45 was found in Group B. Besides, there was a significant difference in each group concerning the time factors T0, T1, and T2 groups where (p < 0.001. As for the qualitative results concerning the ICDAS score, there was no significant difference between the two groups along with the follow-up periods T0, T1, and T2 where the p value is equal to 0.064, 0.087, and 0.277 respectively.

Conclusions
The visual assessment using ICDAS reveals that the biomimetic remineralization using self-assembling peptides and the fluoride-based varnish material showed a similar effect in masking post-orthodontic white spot lesions. However, the laser fluorescence using DIAGNOpen showed that the self-assembling peptides reveal higher performance in subsurface remineralization than the fluoride-based varnish material. Therefore, self-assembling peptides are considered a promising material for lesion regression in post-orthodontics white spot lesions.

Clinical relevance
Self-assembling peptide SAP-14 is a new approach to reverse and mask off post-orthodontics white spot lesions.
COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in the early pandemic experience in Lombardia (Italy)
Authors: Martinelli-Boneschi Filippo , Colombo Antonio , Bresolin Nereo , Sessa Maria , Bassi Pietro , Grampa Giampiero , Magni Eugenio , Versino Maurizio , Ferrarese Carlo , Zarcone Davide , Albanese Alberto , Micieli Giuseppe , Zanferrari Carla , Cagnana Antonio , Ferrante Claudio , Zilioli Angelo , Locatelli Davide , Calloni Maria Vittoria , Delodovici Maria Luisa , Pozzato Mattia , Patisso Valerio , Bortolan Francesco , Foresti Camillo , Frigeni Barbara , Canella Stefania , Xhani Rubjona , Crabbio Massimo , Clemenzi Alessandro , Mauri Marco , Beretta Simone , La Spina Isidoro , Bernasconi Simona , De Santis Tiziana , Cavallini Anna , Ranieri Michela , D’Adda Elisabetta , Fruguglietti Maria Elisa , Peverelli Lorenzo , Agosti Edoardo , Leoni Olivia , Rigamonti Andrea , Salmaggi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To estimate the incidence and describe clinical characteristics and outcome of GBS in COVID-19 patients (COVID19-GBS) in one of the most hit regions during the first pandemic wave, Lombardia.

Methods
Adult patients admitted to 20 Neurological Units between 1/3–30/4/2020 with COVID19-GBS were included as part of a multi-center study organized by the Italian society of Hospital Neuroscience (SNO).

Results
Thirty-eight COVID19-GBS patients had a mean age of 60.7 years and male frequency of 86.8%. CSF albuminocytological dissociation was detected in 71.4%, and PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in 19 tested patients. Based on neurophysiology, 81.8% of patients had a diagnosis of AIDP, 12.1% of AMSAN, and 6.1% of AMAN. The course was favorable in 76.3% of patients, stable in 10.5%, while 13.2% worsened, of which 3 died. The estimated occurrence rate in Lombardia ranges from 0.5 to 0.05 GBS cases per 1000 COVID-19 infections depending on whether you consider positive cases or estimated seropositive cases. When we compared GBS cases with the pre-pandemic period, we found a reduction of cases from 165 to 135 cases in the 2-month study period in Lombardia.

Conclusions
We detected an increased incidence of GBS in COVID-19 patients which can reflect a higher risk of GBS in COVID-19 patients and a reduction of GBS events during the pandemic period possibly due to a lower spread of more common respiratory infectious diseases determined by an increased use of preventive measures.
Submodular maximization of concave utility functions composed with a set-union operator with applications to maximal covering location problems
Authors: Coniglio Stefano , Furini Fabio , Ljubić Ivana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study a family of discrete optimization problems asking for the maximization of the expected value of a concave, strictly increasing, and differentiable function composed with a set-union operator. The expected value is computed with respect to a set of coefficients taking values from a discrete set of scenarios. The function models the utility function of the decision maker, while the set-union operator models a covering relationship between two ground sets, a set of items and a set of metaitems. This problem generalizes the problem introduced by Ahmed S, Atamtürk A (Mathematical programming 128(1-2):149–169, 2011), and it can be modeled as a mixed integer nonlinear program involving binary decision variables associated with the items and metaitems. Its goal is to find a subset of metaitems that maximizes the total utility corresponding to the items it covers. It has applications to, among others, maximal covering location, and influence maximization problems. In the paper, we propose a double-hypograph decomposition which allows for projecting out the variables associated with the items by separately exploiting the structural properties of the utility function and of the set-union operator. Thanks to it, the utility function is linearized via an exact outer-approximation technique, whereas the set-union operator is linearized in two ways: either (i) via a reformulation based on submodular cuts, or (ii) via a Benders decomposition. We analyze from a theoretical perspective the strength of the inequalities of the resulting reformulations, and embed them into two branch-and-cut algorithms. We also show how to extend our reformulations to the case where the utility function is not necessarily increasing. We then experimentally compare our algorithms inter se, to a standard reformulation based on submodular cuts, to a state-of-the-art global-optimization solver, and to the greedy algorithm for the maximization of a submodular function. The results reveal that, on our testbed, the method based on combining an outer approximation with Benders cuts significantly outperforms the other ones.
Explainable AI for clinical and remote health applications: a survey on tabular and time series data
Authors: Di Martino Flavio , Delmastro Franca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a fundamental component of healthcare applications, both clinical and remote, but the best performing AI systems are often too complex to be self-explaining. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are defined to unveil the reasoning behind the system’s predictions and decisions, and they become even more critical when dealing with sensitive and personal health data. It is worth noting that XAI has not gathered the same attention across different research areas and data types, especially in healthcare. In particular, many clinical and remote health applications are based on tabular and time series data, respectively, and XAI is not commonly analysed on these data types, while computer vision and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are the reference applications. To provide an overview of XAI methods that are most suitable for tabular and time series data in the healthcare domain, this paper provides a review of the literature in the last 5 years, illustrating the type of generated explanations and the efforts provided to evaluate their relevance and quality. Specifically, we identify clinical validation, consistency assessment, objective and standardised quality evaluation, and human-centered quality assessment as key features to ensure effective explanations for the end users. Finally, we highlight the main research challenges in the field as well as the limitations of existing XAI methods.
Register identification from the unrestricted open Web using the Corpus of Online Registers of English
Authors: Laippala Veronika , Rönnqvist Samuel , Oinonen Miika , Kyröläinen Aki-Juhani , Salmela Anna , Biber Douglas , Egbert Jesse , Pyysalo Sampo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines the automatic identification of Web registers, that is, text varieties such as news articles and reviews. Most studies have focused on corpora restricted to include only preselected classes with well-defined characteristics. These corpora feature only a subset of documents found on the unrestricted open Web, for which register identification has been particularly difficult because the range of linguistic variation on the Web is known to be substantial. As part of this study, we present the first open release of the Corpus of Online Registers of English (CORE), which is drawn from the unrestricted open Web and, currently, is the largest collection of manually annotated Web registers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the CORE registers can be automatically identified with competitive results, with the best performance being an F1-score of 68% with the deep learning model BERT. The best performance was achieved using two modeling strategies. The first one involved modeling the registers using propagated register labels, that is, repeating the main register label along with its corresponding subregister label in a multilabel model. In the second one, we explored how the length of the document affects model performance, discovering that the beginning provided superior classification accuracy. Overall, the current study presents a systematic approach for the automatic identification of a large number of Web registers from the unrestricted Web, hence providing new pathways for future studies.
Majorana algebra for the Hoffman–Singleton graph
Authors: Brouwer Andries E. , Ivanov Alexander A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMajorana theory is an axiomatic tool for studying the Monster group M and its subgroups through the 196,884-dimensional Conway–Griess–Norton algebra. The theory was introduced by A. A. Ivanov in 2009 and since then it experienced a remarkable development including the classification of Majorana representations for small (and not so small) groups. The group $$U_3(5)$$

U
3

(
5
)

is (isomorphic to) the socle of the centralizer in M of a subgroup of order 25. The involutions of this $$U_3(5)$$

U
3

(
5
)

-subgroup are 2A-involutions in the Monster. Therefore, $$U_3(5)$$

U
3

(
5
)

possesses a Majorana representation (based on the embedding in the Monster). We prove that this is the unique Majorana representation of $$U_3(5)$$

U
3

(
5
)

, calculate its dimension, which is 798, and obtain a description in terms of the Hoffman–Singleton graph of which the automorphism group has $$U_3(5)$$

U
3

(
5
)

as an index 2 subgroup.
Probing the speed of gravity with LVK, LISA, and joint observations
Authors: Harry Ian , Noller Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTheories of dark energy that affect the speed of gravitational waves $$c_{\textrm{GW}}$$

c
GW

on cosmological scales naturally lead to a frequency-dependent transition of that speed close to the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) band. While observations such as GW170817 assure us that $$c_{\textrm{GW}}$$

c
GW

is extremely close to the speed of light in the LVK band, a frequency-dependent transition below the LVK band is a smoking-gun signal for large classes of dynamical dark energy theories. Here we discuss (1) how the remnants of such a transition can be constrained with observations in the LVK band, (2) what signatures are associated with such a transition in the LISA band, and (3) how joint observations in the LVK and LISA bands allow us to place tight constraints on this transition and the underlying theories. We find that deviations of $$c_{\textrm{GW}}$$

c
GW

can be constrained down to a level of $$\sim 10^{-17}$$

∼

10

-
17

in the LVK and LISA bands even for mild frequency-dependence, much stronger than existing bounds for frequency-independent $$c_{\textrm{GW}}\ne c$$

c
GW

≠
c

. We use the strain data from GW170817 to bound the deviation of $$c_{\textrm{GW}}$$

c
GW

to be less than $$10^{-17}$$

10

-
17

at 100 Hz and less than $$10^{-18}$$

10

-
18

at 500 Hz. We also identify a particularly interesting type of transition in between the LVK and LISA bands and show how multi-band observations can constrain this further. Finally, we discuss what these current and forecasted constraints imply for the underlying dark energy theories.
Task consolidation based power consumption minimization in cloud computing environment
Authors: Badr Shaimaa , El Mahalawy Ahmed , Attiya Gamal , Nasr Aida A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCloud Computing is playing a huge role in future technology. Further, with the explosive growth of the Internet and cloud computing, several service providers, such as Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and Google, have expanded their data centers and rapidly deployed data centers in different places around the world to deliver various cloud computing services. However, several challenges are raised with the wide spread use of cloud environment such as power consumption, load balance, reliability, scalability, and security. This paper tackles the power consumption problem and presents an efficient algorithm, called Task Consolidation based Power Minimization (TCPM), to efficiently schedule tasks onto available resources of the cloud environment so as to minimize power consumption. In proposed TCPM algorithm, several benefits of the existing algorithms are enhanced and incorporated into the TCPM algorithm, where the best-fit procedure is used to achieve the best possible resource utilization and avoid wasting energy. The results of the proposed TCPM algorithm are compared with other recent algorithms such as FCFS, WWO, and MCT algorithms using the CloudSim toolkit.