bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Nucleocapsid Antigen in Urine of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Veyrenche Nicolas , Pisoni Amandine , Debiesse Ségolène , Bollore Karine , Bedin Anne Sophie , Makinson Alain , Niel Clémence , Alcocer-Cordellat Carmen , Mondain Anne Marie , Le Moing Vincent , Van de Perre Philippe , Tuaillon Edouard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag) can be detected in the blood of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We used a highly sensitive and specific assay to explore the presence of N-Ag in urine during the course of COVID-19 and its relationship with the severity of disease.

Methods
We studied urinary and plasma N-Ag using a highly sensitive immunoassay in 82 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection proved by polymerase chain reaction.

Results
In the first and second weeks of COVID-19, hospitalized patients tested positive for urinary N-Ag (81.25% and 71.79%, respectively) and plasma N-Ag (93.75% and 94.87%, respectively). High urinary N-Ag levels were associated with the absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies, admission in intensive care units, high C-reactive protein levels, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and high lactate dehydrogenase levels. Higher accuracy was observed for urinary N-Ag as a predictor of severe COVID-19 than for plasma N-Ag.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that N-Ag is present in the urine of patients hospitalized in the early phase of COVID-19. As a direct marker of SARS-CoV-2, urinary N-Ag reflects the dissemination of viral compounds in the body. Urinary N-Ag may be a useful marker for disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
The response of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen pools to experimental warming in grasslands: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Junliang , Wu Juying , Osborne Bruce , Luo Yiqi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon (C) and nitrogen (N) coupling processes in terrestrial ecosystems have the potential to modify the sensitivity of the global C cycle to climate change. But the degree to which C–N interactions contribute to the sequestration of terrestrial ecosystem C (Cseq), both now and in the future, remains uncertain. In this study, we used a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize C and N responses from field experiments on grasslands subjected to simulated warming and assessed the relative importance of three properties (changes in ecosystem N amount, redistribution of N among soil, litter and vegetation, and modifications in the C:N ratio) associated with grassland Cseq in response to warming. Warming increased soil, litter and vegetation C:N ratios and approximately 2% of N shifted from the soil to vegetation and litter. Warming-induced grassland Cseq was the result of the net balance between increases in vegetation and litter C (111.2 g m−2) and decreases in soil C (30.0 g m−2). Warming-induced accumulation of C stocks in grassland ecosystems indicated that the three processes examined were the main contributors to Cseq, with the changes in C:N ratios in soil, litter and vegetation as the major contributors, followed by N redistribution, whilst a decrease in total N had a negative effect on Cseq. These results indicate that elevated temperatures have a significant influence on grassland C and N stocks and their coupling processes, suggesting that ecological models need to include C–N interactions for more accurate predictions of future terrestrial C storage.
Clinical trajectories and impact of acute kidney disease after acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: a 5-year single-centre cohort study
Authors: Orieux Arthur , Prezelin-Reydit Mathilde , Prevel Renaud , Combe Christian , Gruson Didier , Boyer Alexandre , Rubin Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients suffering from acute kidney injury(AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) can have various renal trajectories and outcomes. Aims were to assess the various clinical trajectories after AKI in the ICU and to determine risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe conducted a prospective 5-year follow-up study in a medical ICU at Bordeaux University Hospital (France). The patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation, catecholamine infusion or both and developed an AKI from September 2013 to May 2015 were included. In the Cox analysis, the violation of the proportional hazard assumption for AKD was handled using appropriate interaction terms with time, resulting in a time-dependent hazard ratio (HR).ResultsA total of 232 patients were enrolled, with an age of 62 ± 16 years and a median follow-up of 52 days (interquartile range 6–1553). On day 7, 109/232 (47%) patients progressed to acute kidney disease (AKD) and 66/232 (28%) recovered. A linear trajectory (AKI, AKD to CKD) was followed by 44/63 (70%) of the CKD patients. The cumulative incidence of CKD was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24–36] at the 5-year follow-up. In a multivariable Cox model, in the 6 months following AKI, the HR for CKD was higher in AKD patients [HR 29.2 (95% CI 8.5–100.7); P &lt; 0.0001). After 6 months, the HR for CKD was 2.2 (95% CI 0.6–7.9; P = 0.21; n = 172 patients).ConclusionThere were several clinical trajectories of kidney disease after ICU-acquired AKI. CKD risk was higher in AKD patients only in the first 6 months. Lack of renal recovery rather than AKD per se was associated with the risk of CKD.
Myocarditis post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a systematic review
Authors: Goyal M , Ray I , Mascarenhas D , Kunal S , Sachdeva R A , Ish P 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariable clinical criteria taken by medical professionals across the world for myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination along with wide variation in treatment necessitates understanding and reviewing the same. A systematic review was conducted to elucidate the clinical findings, laboratory parameters, treatment and outcomes of individuals with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination after registering with PROSPERO. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, LitCovid, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched. A total of 85 articles encompassing 2184 patients were analysed. It was a predominantly male (73.4%) and young population (mean age: 25.5 ± 14.2 years) with most having taken an mRNA-based vaccine (99.4%). The mean duration from vaccination to symptom onset was 4.01 ± 6.99 days. Chest pain (90.1%), dyspnoea (25.7%) and fever (11.9%) were the most common symptoms. Only 2.3% had comorbidities. CRP was elevated in 83.3% and cardiac troponin in 97.6% patients. An abnormal ECG was reported in 979/1313 (74.6%) patients with ST-segment elevation being most common (34.9%). Echocardiographic data were available for 1243 patients (56.9%), of whom 288 (23.2%) had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (76.5%), steroids (14.1%) followed by colchicine (7.3%) were used for treatment. Only 6 patients died among 1317 of whom data were available. Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination is often mild, seen more commonly in young healthy males and is followed by rapid recovery with conservative treatment. The emergence of this adverse event calls for harmonizing case definitions and definite treatment guidelines, which require wider research.
Using Bid Rotation and Incumbency to Detect Collusion: A Regression Discontinuity Approach
Authors: Kawai Kei , Nakabayashi Jun , Ortner Juan , Chassang Sylvain 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cartels participating in procurement auctions frequently use bid rotation or prioritize incumbents to allocate contracts. However, establishing a link between observed allocation patterns and firm conduct has been difficult: there are cost-based competitive explanations for such patterns. We show that by focusing on auctions in which the winning and losing bids are very close, it is possible to distinguish allocation patterns reflecting cost differences across firms from patterns reflecting non-competitive environments. We apply our tests to two datasets: the sample of Ohio milk auctions studied in Porter and Zona (1999, “Ohio School Milk Markets: An Analysis of Bidding”, RAND Journal of Economics, 30, 263–288), and a sample of municipal procurement auctions from Japan.
Analyzing the Military’s Role in Producing Air Toxics Disparities in the United States: A Critical Environmental Justice Approach
Authors: Alvarez Camila H , Shtob Daniel A , Theis Nicholas G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe negative environmental, health, and social effects arising from U.S. military action in communities both domestically and abroad suggest that the military represents an understudied institutional source of environmental injustice. Moreover, scholars and activists have long argued that the state is an active or a tacit contributor to environmental inequality, thus providing an opportunity to link U.S. military activity with approaches to the state developed under critical environmental justice. We build on these literatures to ask: Does the presence of domestic military facilities significantly increase carcinogenic risks from air toxics? And do communities of color face additional military-associated carcinogenic risks? Multilevel analyses reveal that locales in closer proximity to a military facility and those exposed to greater military technological intensity, independent of each other, experience significantly higher carcinogenic risk from air toxics. We find that proximity to military facilities tends to intensify racial and ethnic environmental inequalities in exposure to airborne toxics, but in different ways for Latinx and Black populations. These results highlight the role of the state in perpetuating racial and environmental expendability as reflected in critical environmental justice and represent an important expansion of nationwide environmental justice studies on contributors to environmental inequality.
Effects of increasing supplemental zinc in beef feedlot steers administered a steroidal implant and beta agonist
Authors: Messersmith Elizabeth M , Smerchek Dathan T , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ninety-two Angus-crossbred steers (424 ± 28.3 kg initial body weight) were used in a 98-d study to assess the effects of increasing Zn supplementation on cattle performance, liver and plasma trace mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics. All steers were implanted with a Component TE-200 (200 mg trenbolone acetate + 20 mg estradiol; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) on d 0 and fed 300 mg‧steer−1‧d−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) from d 70 to 98. Cattle were fed via GrowSafe bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada), and steer served as the experimental unit (n = 22 or 23 steers/treatment). Supplemental Zn was administered through the diet at 0, 100, 150, or 180 mg Zn/kg on a dry matter basis from ZnSO4 (Zn0, Zn100, Zn150, or Zn180, respectively). Cattle were weighed on d −1, 0, 9/10, 20, 41, 59, 69, 70, 78/79, 97, and 98. Blood was collected on d 0, 9/10, 69, 78/79, and 97, and liver biopsies on d 9/10 and 78/79 (n = 12 steers/treatment). Data were analyzed as a complete randomized design. Contrast statements were formed to test the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of Zn supplementation and test Zn0 vs. Zn supplementation. Day 10 and 70 body weight (BW) and d 0 to 10 and 0 to 70 average daily gain were linearly increased with Zn supplementation (P ≤ 0.05), and greater for Zn supplemented steers (P ≤ 0.03). No effects of Zn supplementation were observed on final BW, dressing percentage, ribeye area, 12th rib fat, or marbling (P ≥ 0.11). Hot carcass weight tended to be 7 kg greater for Zn supplemented steers than Zn0 (P = 0.07), and yield grade linearly increased with increasing Zn supplementation (P = 0.02). Day 10 liver Mn concentrations tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.08) with increasing Zn supplementation, though d 79 liver Mn concentrations and arginase activity were not influenced by Zn (P ≥ 0.28). Day 10 liver arginase activity tended to be (r = 0.27; P = 0.07) and d 10 serum urea nitrogen was correlated with d 10 liver Mn (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.0001). Zinc supplementation linearly increased d 10 liver Zn and d 10, 69, 79, and 97 plasma Zn concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). A cubic effect of Zn was observed on d 79 liver Zn (P = 0.01) with lesser liver Zn in Zn0 and Zn150 steers. These data suggest increasing dietary Zn improves growth directly following the administration of a steroidal implant and that steroidal implants and beta agonists differ in their effects on protein metabolism.
UV-B and UV-C radiation trigger both common and distinctive signal perceptions and transmissions inPinus tabuliformisCarr.
Authors: Xu Jie , Luo Hang , Zhou Shan-Shan , Jiao Si-Qian , Jia Kai-Hua , Nie Shuai , Liu Hui , Zhao Wei , Wang Xiao-Ru , El-Kassaby Yousry A , Porth Ilga , Mao Jian-Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn plants, ultraviolet (UV)-light is an important driver for growth and natural distribution, and is also a valuable tool for manipulating productivity as well as biotic interactions. Understanding of plant responses to different UV radiation is sparse, especially from a systems biology perspective and particularly for conifers. Here, we evaluated the physiological and transcriptomic responses to the short-term application of high-irradiance UV-B and UV-C waves on Pinus tabuliformis Carr., a major conifer in Northern China. By undertaking time-ordered gene coexpression network analyses and network comparisons incorporating physiological traits and gene expression variation, we uncovered communalities but also differences in P. tabuliformis responses to UV-B and UV-C. Both types of spectral bands caused a significant inhibition of photosynthesis, and conversely, the improvement of antioxidant capacity, flavonoid production and signaling pathways related to stress resistance, indicating a clear switch from predominantly primary metabolism to enhanced defensive metabolism in pine. We isolated distinct subnetworks for photoreceptor-mediated signal transduction, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis in response to UV-B and UV-C radiation. From these subnetworks, we further identified phototropins as potentially important elements in both UV-B and UV-C signaling and, for the first time, suggesting peptide hormones to be involved in promoting flavonoid biosynthesis against UV-B, while these hormones seem not to be implicated in the defense against UV-C exposure. The present study employed an effective strategy for disentangling the complex physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms in a nonmodel plant species, and thus, provides a suitable reference for future functional evaluations and artificial UV-light mediated growing strategies in plant production.
Ancestral Chromosomes for Family Peronosporaceae Inferred from a Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly of Peronospora effusa
Authors: Fletcher Kyle , Shin Oon-Ha , Clark Kelley J. , Feng Chunda , Putman Alexander I. , Correll James C. , Klosterman Steven J. , Van Deynze Allen , Michelmore Richard W. 
Published: February 2022

Downy mildew disease of spinach, caused by the oomycete Peronospora effusa, causes major losses to spinach production. In this study, the 17 chromosomes of P. effusa were assembled telomere-to-telomere, using Pacific Biosciences high-fidelity reads. Of these, 16 chromosomes are complete and gapless; chromosome 15 contains one gap bridging the nucleolus organizer region. This is the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly for an oomycete. Putative centromeric regions were identified on all chromosomes. This new assembly enables a reevaluation of the genomic composition of Peronospora spp.; the assembly was almost double the size and contained more repeat sequences than previously reported for any Peronospora species. Genome fragments consistently underrepresented in six previously reported assemblies of P. effusa typically encoded repeats. Some genes annotated as encoding effectors were organized into multigene clusters on several chromosomes. Putative effectors were annotated on 16 of the 17 chromosomes. The intergenic distances between annotated genes were consistent with compartmentalization of the genome into gene-dense and gene-sparse regions. Genes encoding putative effectors were enriched in gene-sparse regions. The near-gapless assembly revealed apparent horizontal gene transfer from Ascomycete fungi. Gene order was highly conserved between P. effusa and the genetically oriented assembly of the oomycete Bremia lactucae; high levels of synteny were also detected with Phytophthora sojae. Extensive synteny between phylogenetically distant species suggests that many other oomycete species may have similar chromosome organization. Therefore, this assembly provides the foundation for genomic analyses of diverse oomycetes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Prophylactic Penehyclidine Inhalation for Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in High-risk Patients: A Double-blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Yan Ting , Liang Xin-Quan , Wang Guo-Jun , Wang Tong , Li Wei-Ou , Liu Yang , Wu Liang-Yu , Yu Kun-Yao , Zhu Sai-Nan , Wang Dong-Xin , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Postoperative pulmonary complications are common. Aging and respiratory disease provoke airway hyperresponsiveness, high-risk surgery induces diaphragmatic dysfunction, and general anesthesia contributes to atelectasis and peripheral airway injury. This study therefore tested the hypothesis that inhalation of penehyclidine, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, reduces the incidence of pulmonary complications in high-risk patients over the initial 30 postoperative days.

Methods
This single-center double-blind trial enrolled 864 patients age over 50 yr who were scheduled for major upper-abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery lasting 2 h or more and who had an Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score of 45 or higher. The patients were randomly assigned to placebo or prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation from the night before surgery through postoperative day 2 at 12-h intervals. The primary outcome was the incidence of a composite of pulmonary complications within 30 postoperative days, including respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, and aspiration pneumonitis.

Results
A total of 826 patients (mean age, 64 yr; 63% male) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. A composite of pulmonary complications was less common in patients assigned to penehyclidine (18.9% [79 of 417]) than those receiving the placebo (26.4% [108 of 409]; relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.93; P = 0.010; number needed to treat, 13). Bronchospasm was less common in penehyclidine than placebo patients: 1.4% (6 of 417) versus 4.4% (18 of 409; relative risk, 0.327; 95% CI, 0.131 to 0.82; P = 0.011). None of the other individual pulmonary complications differed significantly. Peak airway pressures greater than 40 cm H2O were also less common in patients given penehyclidine: 1.9% (8 of 432) versus 4.9% (21 of 432; relative risk, 0.381; 95% CI, 0.171 to 0.85; P = 0.014). The incidence of other adverse events, including dry mouth and delirium, that were potentially related to penehyclidine inhalation did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions
In high-risk patients having major upper-abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery, prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation reduced the incidence of pulmonary complications without provoking complications.

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Breast Implant Illness and Cutibacterium acnes: A Case Report
Authors: McCarthy Philip H. , Teitler Nathaniel A. , Hon Heidi H. , Miller Jason J. 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
Breast implant illness (BII) is a term to describe a wide range of nonspecific symptoms after breast implant placement. At present, no specific diagnostic criteria for BII exist, and there is limited solid understanding of what causes BII. There is some evidence that biofilm infections such as those caused by Cutibacterium acnes may play a role in the development of BII. We present a case of a 38-year-old White woman who developed BII symptoms (psychological and integumentary). After en bloc explantation, her tissue cultures resulted in C. acnes growth. Plastic surgeons should be aware of this potential complication and discuss it thoroughly with patients before breast implantation. Evidence suggests that biofilm infection with C. acnes may play a role in BII development. En bloc explantation is the typical treatment of choice. Plastic surgeons should be aware of C. acnes as a potential cause of BII and should counsel patients on the potential risks and remedies for BII.
Canadian Expert Opinion on Breast Reconstruction Access: Strategies to Optimize Care during COVID-19
Authors: Isaac Kathryn V. , Buchel Edward W. , Brackstone Muriel M. , Doherty Christopher , Lipa Joan E. , Zhong Toni , Semple John L. , Brown Mitchell H. , Snell Laura , Mahoney Mary-Helen , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Wheelock Margaret , Macadam Sheina A. , Coroneos Christopher J. , Tremblay-Champagne Marie-Pascale , Voineskos Sophocles H. , Zhang Jing , Somogyi Ron , Temple-Oberle Claire , Ross Douglas 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Breast reconstructive services are medically necessary, time-sensitive procedures with meaningful health-related quality of life benefits for breast cancer survivors. The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in unprecedented restrictions in surgical access, including access to breast reconstructive services. A national approach is needed to guide the strategic use of resources during times of fluctuating restrictions on surgical access due to COVID-19 demands on hospital capacity.

Methods:
A national team of experts were convened for critical review of healthcare needs and development of recommendations and strategies for patients seeking breast reconstruction during the pandemic. Following critical review of literature, expert discussion by teleconference meetings, and evidenced-based consensus, best practice recommendations were developed to guide national provision of breast reconstructive services.

Results:
Recommendations include strategic use of multidisciplinary teams for patient selection and triage with centralized coordinated use of alternate treatment plans during times of resource restrictions. With shared decision-making, patient-centered shifting and consolidation of resources facilitate efficient allocation. Targeted application of perioperative management strategies and surgical treatment plans maximize the provision of breast reconstructive services.

Conclusions:
A unified national approach to strategically reorganize healthcare delivery is feasible to uphold standards of patient-centered care for patients interested in breast reconstruction.