bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biaxial tensile test and meso damage numerical simulation of HTPB propellant
Authors: Wang Qizhou , Wang Guang , Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Xueren , Li Shiqi , Zhu Zhaojun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research on the mechanical properties of solid propellants under complex stress conditions, an effective cross-shaped test piece configuration and variable-scale biaxial tensile test method are designed in this paper, and the meso-simulation model of propellant is constructed by Micro-CT test and random filling algorithm. Then, based on the Hook-Jeeves method and the cohesive force model, the mechanical performance parameters of each mesoscopic component were obtained, and finally the damage evolution process of the propellant was numerically simulated. The results show that the stress-strain curve of the propellant under biaxial loading is similar to that of uniaxial stretching, and has obvious rate dependence and stress state dependence. The mechanical properties of the propellant under biaxial tensile loading are significantly lower than those in uniaxial stretching, and the maximum elongation is only 45%-85% of that in uniaxial stretching. The fracture process of propellant can be divided into initial linear stage, damage evolution stage and fracture stage. The dewetting phenomenon generally occurs at the interface between the large-sized AP particles and the matrix. With the loading of the load, the pores formed by the dewetting and matrix tearing continue to converge into cracks and expand in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force, and finally fracture. The propellant dehumidifies more easily under high strain rate loading, but the degree of dewetting is lower when the same strain is reached.
Tunable Brownian magneto heat pump
Authors: Abdoli Iman , Wittmann René , Brader Joseph , Sommer Jens-Uwe , Löwen Hartmut , Sharma Abhinav 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We propose a mesoscopic Brownian magneto heat pump made of a single charged Brownian particle that is steered by an external magnetic field. The particle is subjected to two thermal noises from two different heat sources. When confined, the particle performs gyrating motion around a potential energy minimum. We show that such a magneto-gyrator can be operated as both a heat engine and a refrigerator. The maximum power delivered by the engine and the performance of the refrigerator, namely the rate of heat transferred per unit external work, can be tuned and optimised by the applied magnetic field. Further tunability of the key properties of the engine, such as the direction of gyration and the torque exerted by the engine on the confining potential, is obtained by varying the strength and direction of the applied magnetic field. In principle, our predictions can be tested by experiments with colloidal particles and complex plasmas.
Theoretical and numerical investigation of micro-textures fabrication by ultrasonic surface rolling process
Authors: Meng Ying , Deng Jianxin , Wang Ran , Sun Qinghao , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Surface texturing is a potential approach to achieving excellent surface performance. To realize high precision and efficiency in micro-texturing fabrication, a surface texturing method utilizing an ultrasonic surface rolling process is proposed. Firstly, the feasibility and geometric controllability of micro-texture preparation using ultrasonic surface rolling process are analyzed. Then a contact theory model of ultrasonic rolling texturing process is established, which can describe the geometric relationship of the micro-texturing generation region. Based on the elastic-plastic theory, simulations of single-pass and multi-pass ultrasonic rolling texturing processes are developed to elucidate the formation and strengthening mechanism of micro-textures, and further characterize the effects of ultrasonic rolling machining parameters on micro-textures. A series of validation tests of ultrasonic rolling texturing are implemented on AISI 5140 steel. Simulation and experimental results show that the ultrasonic surface rolling process can fabricate micro-groove arrays with the periodic distribution. The validity of the theoretical and finite element models is confirmed by the comparison results. It is demonstrated that the ultrasonic rolling texturing process is a feasible and efficient way to fabricate controllable micro-textures.
Validation of ALOS/PALSAR subsurface penetration depth in arid regions based on field ground-penetrating radar measurements
Authors: Mansour Khamis , Zaher Mohamed Abdel , deep Mohamed Al , Medhat Noha , Ebrahim Shereen , Mohamed Abbas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the last few years, ALOS/PALSAR (L-band) (HH, HV, VH, and VV) images have been widely used due to their ability to penetrate the surface in certain conditions, such as low moisture or dry friable sandy soil. Images from the ALOS-1 sensor were used to delineate subsurface structures, and optical images such as Landsat-7 ETM + data were used to discriminate between scatterings from the Earth’s surface and subsurface materials. Thus, the Farafra Desert is an optimal geological environment for L-band microwave penetration, as its geology is characterized by friable sand sheets covering limestone (Tarawan Formation). Speckle noise is found in radar images for many reasons, such as when an object strongly reflected between itself and the spacecraft causes noise. Refined LEE filter (RLF) is applied for speckle noise reduction; moreover, full polarimetric ALOS/PALSAR images (PLR) are transformed into circular polarization by changing both angles into orientation angle ψ = 0° and elliptical angle χ = 45°. The validation of ALOS/PALSAR outputs was carried out using ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. Three GPR long profiles using a 200 MHz antenna were scanned along with areas that were annotated according to ALOS/PALSAR results (high backscattering coefficient). The GPR system operated by a low-frequency antenna with a frequency of 200 MHz was capable of detecting the annotated geological structures beneath the sand sheets. Furthermore, statistical comparison of L-band SAR and GPR data illustrated a correlation that can reveal identical regions to delineate subsurface structures. These results prove that the integration of synthetic aperture radar SAR (L-band) and on-site low-frequency radar systems can be vital to detect soil structures down to several meters, ultimately innovating Earth observation systems for geological and hydrogeological mapping in arid regions.
Identification of immune checkpoints in COVID-19
Authors: Carvelli Julien , Demaria Olivier , Vély Frédéric , Batista Luciana , Benmansour Nassima Chouaki , Fares Joanna , Carpentier Sabrina , Thibult Marie-Laure , Morel Ariane , André Pascale , Represa Agnès , Piperoglou Christelle ,   the Explore COVID-19 IPH group,   the Explore COVID-19 Medical group, Cordier Pierre Yves , Dault Erwan Le , Guervilly Christophe , Simeone Pierre , Gainnier Marc , Morel Yannis , Ebbo Mikael , Schleinitz Nicolas , Vivier Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic acute respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)11-3. We provide here a longitudinal analysis of immune responses, including immune cell phenotyping and assessments of the soluble factors present in the blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients at various stages of COVID-19 severity: paucisymptomatic, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While we confirm a lymphopenia associated with COVID-19 severity4-7, we report an increase in expression of the NKG2A and PD-1 inhibitory receptors on T and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as an increase in CD39 expression on NK cells, suggesting that therapeutic blocking antibodies targeting these molecules already used for cancer immunotherapy8 could be repurposed as first line of defense to promote SARS-CoV-2 clearance. In addition, the C5a anaphylatoxin and its receptor C5aR1 (CD88) play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory responses, by recruiting neutrophils and monocytes to the lungs9,10. We report an increase in soluble C5a levels proportional to COVID-19 severity and high levels of C5aR1 expression in blood and BALF myeloid cells, indicating a potential role of the C5a-C5aR1 axis in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Avdoralimab is a clinical-stage anti-C5aR1 therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) that prevents C5a-mediated myeloid cell recruitment and activation. We propose the use of this antibody to limit myeloid cell infiltration in the lung and to prevent the excessive lung inflammation associated with ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
Can they stomach it? Parent and practitioner acceptability of a trial comparing Gastric Residual Volume measurement versus no Gastric Residual Volume in UK NNU and PICU’s: a feasibility study
Authors: Deja Elizabeth , Roper Louise , Tume Lyvonne , Dorling Jon , Gale Chris Gale , Arch Barbara , Latten Lynne ,   Nazima Pathan7 Pathan, Eccleson Helen Eccleson , Hickey Helen , Preston Jenny , Beissel Anne , Andrzejewska Izabela , Valla Frédéric Valla V , Woolfall Kerry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background: Routine measurement of gastric residual volume (GRV) to guide feeding in neonatal and paediatric intensive care is widespread. However, this practice is not evidence based and may cause harm. As part of a feasibility study we explored parent and practitioner views on the acceptability of a trial comparing GRV measurement or no GRV measurement. Methods: A mixed- methods study involving interviews and focus groups with practitioners and interviews with parents with experience of tube feeding in neonatal and/or paediatric intensive care. A voting system recorded closed question responses during practitioner data collection, enabling the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: We interviewed 31 parents and nine practitioners and ran five practitioner focus groups (n=42). Participants described how the research question was logical, the intervention would not be invasive and potential benefits of not withholding the child’s feeds. However, both groups held concerns about the potential risk of not measuring GRV, including delayed diagnosis of infection and gut problems, increased risk of vomiting into lungs and causing discomfort or pain. Parent’s views on GRV measurement and consent decision making were influenced by their views on the importance of feeding in the ICU, their child’s prognosis and associated comorbidities or complications.Conclusions: The majority of parents and practitioners viewed the proposed trial as acceptable. Potential concerns and preferences were identified that will need careful consideration to inform the development of the proposed trial protocol and staff training.
Everything Counts -- A Method To Determine Viral Suppression Among People Living With HIV Using Longitudinal Data For The HIV Care Continuum. - Results Of Two Large, German, Multi-Center Real-Life Cohort Studies Over 20 Years (1999-2018)
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Kollan Christian , Stoll Matthias , Hamouda Osamah , Bremer Viviane , Kurth Tobias , Bartmeyer Barbara , group ClinSurv HIV ClinSurv HIV study ,   HIV-1 Seroconverter HIV-1 Seroconverter study group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to develop a standardized method to reconstruct persons' individual VL courses to determine viral suppression and duration of viremia for the HIV care continuum in Germany using longitudinal cohort data.Methods We analyzed data from two large, multi-center German cohort studies under the direction of the Robert Koch Institute. We included data from 1999-2018 of all diagnosed people and of people who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART). We developed a model generating virtual VL values and an individual VL course corresponding to real VL measurements with a maximum distance of 180 days, considering ART status and VL dynamics. If the distance between VL measurements was >180 days, the time between was defined as gap time. Additionally, we considered blips, which we defined as a single detectable VL <1,000 copies/ml within 180 days.Results A total of 22,120 people (164,691 person-years, PY) after ART initiation were included in the analyses. The proportion of people with viral suppression (VL <50 copies/ml) increased from 34% in 1999 to 93% in 2018. The proportion of people with VL <200 copies/ml increased from 47% in 1999 to 96% in 2018. The proportion of people with viremia >1,000 copies/ml decreased from 37% in 1999 to 3% in 2018. The proportion of people with gap time fluctuated and ranged between 18% and 28%. An analysis of the first VL after gap time showed that 90% showed viral suppression, 5% VL between 50-<1,000 copies/ml and 5% VL >1,000 copies/ml.Conclusion We provide a method for estimating viral suppression and duration of viremia using longitudinal VL data. We observed a continuous and remarkable increase of viral suppression. Furthermore, a notable proportion of those with viremia showed low-level viremia and were therefore unlikely to transmit HIV. Individual health risks and HIV drug resistance among those with low-level viremia are problematic, and viral suppression remains the goal. In 2018, 93% and 96% of people after ART initiation showed VL <50 copies/ml and VL <200 copies/ml, respectively. Therefore, using the threshold of VL <200 copies/ml, Germany reached the UNAIDS 95 target of viral suppression since 2017.
Focal mechanisms and the stress field in the aftershock area of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (MJMA = 6.7)
Authors: Susukida Yuki , Katsumata Kei , Ichiyanagi Masayoshi , Ohzono Mako , Aoyama Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryo , Takada Masamitsu , Yamaguchi Teruhiro , Okada Kazumi , Takahashi Hiroaki , Sakai Shin'ichi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Okada Tomomi , Matsuzawa Toru , Miyamachi Hiroki , Hirano Shuichiro , Yamanaka Yoshiko , Horikawa Shinichiro , Kosuga Masahiro , Katao Hiroshi , Iio Yoshihisa , Nagaoka Airi , Tsumura Noriko , Ueno Tomotaka ,   the Group for the Aftershock Observations of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The tectonic stress field was investigated in and around the aftershock area of the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake ( M JMA = 6.7) occurred on 6 September 2018. We deployed 26 temporary seismic stations in the aftershock area for approximately 2 months and located 1785 aftershocks precisely. Among these aftershocks 818 focal mechanism solutions were determined using the first motion polarity of P wave from the temporary observation and the permanent seismic networks of Hokkaido University, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and High Sensitivity Seismograph Network Japan (Hi-net). We found that (1) the reverse faulting and the strike-slip faulting are dominant in the aftershock area, (2) the average trend of P- and T-axes are 78° ± 33° and 357° ± 52°, respectively, and (3) the average plunge of P- and T-axes are 25 ° ± 16° and 46° ± 20°, respectively: the P-axis is close to be horizontal and the T-axis is more vertical than the average of the P-axes. We applied a stress inversion method to the focal mechanism solutions to estimate a stress field in the aftershock area. As a result, we found that the reverse fault type stress field is dominant in the aftershock area. An axis of the maximum principal stress ( σ 1 ) has the trend of 73° ± 8° and the dipping eastward of 17° ± 6° and an axis of the intermediate principal stress ( σ 2 ) has the trend of 126° ± 91° and the dipping southward of 16° ± 13°, indicating that both of σ 1 - and σ 2 -axes are close to be horizontal. An axis of the minimum principal stress ( σ 3 ) has the dipping westward of 64° ± 9° that is close to be vertical. The results strongly suggest that the reverse-fault-type stress field is predominant as an average over the aftershock area which is in the western boundary of the Hidaka Collision Zone. The average of the stress ratio R = ( σ 1 - σ 2 ) / ( σ 1 - σ 3 ) is 0.6 ± 0.2 in the whole aftershock area. Although not statistically significant, we suggested that R decreases systematically as the depth is getting deep, which is modeled by a quadratic polynomial of depth.
Focal mechanisms and the stress field in the aftershock area of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (MJMA = 6.7)
Authors: Susukida Yuki , Katsumata Kei , Ichiyanagi Masayoshi , Ohzono Mako , Aoyama Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryo , Takada Masamitsu , Yamaguchi Teruhiro , Okada Kazumi , Takahashi Hiroaki , Sakai Shin'ichi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Okada Tomomi , Matsuzawa Toru , Miyamachi Hiroki , Hirano Shuichiro , Yamanaka Yoshiko , Horikawa Shinichiro , Kosuga Masahiro , Katao Hiroshi , Iio Yoshihisa , Nagaoka Airi , Tsumura Noriko , Ueno Tomotaka ,   the Group for the Aftershock Observations of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The tectonic stress field was investigated in and around the aftershock area of the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (MJMA = 6.7) occurred on 6 September 2018. We deployed 26 temporary seismic stations in the aftershock area for approximately 2 months and located 1785 aftershocks precisely. Among these aftershocks 894 focal mechanism solutions were determined using the first motion polarity of P wave from the temporary observation and the permanent seismic networks of Hokkaido University, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and High Sensitivity Seismograph Network Japan (Hi-net). We found that (1) the reverse faulting and the strike-slip faulting are dominant in the aftershock area, (2) the average trend of P- and T-axes are 78° ± 33° and 352° ± 51°, respectively, and (3) the average plunge of P- and T-axes are 25° ± 16° and 44° ± 20°, respectively: the P-axis is close to be horizontal and the T-axis is more vertical than the average of the P-axes. We applied a stress inversion method to the focal mechanism solutions to estimate a stress field in the aftershock area. As a result, we found that the reverse fault type stress field is dominant in the aftershock area. An axis of the maximum principal stress (σ1) has the trend of 72° ± 7° and the dipping eastward of 19° ± 4° and an axis of the intermediate principal stress (σ2) has the trend of 131° ± 73° and the dipping southward of 10° ± 9°, indicating that both of σ1- and σ2-axes are close to be horizontal. An axis of the minimum principal stress (σ3) has the dipping westward of 67° ± 6° that is close to be vertical. The results strongly suggest that the reverse-fault-type stress field is predominant as an average over the aftershock area which is in the western boundary of the Hidaka Collision Zone. The average of the stress ratio R = (σ1 - σ2) / (σ1 - σ3) is 0.61 ± 0.13 in the whole aftershock area. Although not statistically significant, we suggested that R decreases systematically as the depth is getting deep, which is modeled by a quadratic polynomial of depth.
Coronectomia: uma Técnica Cirúrgica Conservadora - Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Borges Luiz Guilherme , Fontana Tobias Piton , Piardi Carla Cioato 
Published: July 2022

Exodontia de dentes com alto nível de complexidade estão diariamente presentes nos Consultórios Odontológicos, acarretando em complicações pós-operatórias. Os terceiros molares inferiores são os dentes com maiores incidências de inclusão e/ou impactação, causando um aumento da dificuldade de sua remoção e maiores índices de complicações associadas. Na grande maioria dos casos, as complicações pós-operatórias se dão pelo contato das raízes com o nervo alveolar inferior, causando alterações de sensibilidades (parestesias) temporários ou permanentes. Para diminuir as complicações durante as abordagens cirúrgicas foi descrita a técnica da coronectomia (odontectomia parcial intencional), denominado também como “sepultamento de raiz”. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão de literatura evidenciando a importância da realização da coronectomia. Para o complemento da pesquisa, foram realizadas buscas nas bases eletrônicas de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed, BVS e SciELO, empregando descritores “Coronectomia”, “Odontectomia Parcial Intencional” e “Coronectomia para remoção de terceiros molares”, relacionados aos idiomas Inglês e Português entre os períodos de 2000 a 2019. Conclui-se que a coronectomia mostra-se uma técnica conservadora e alternativa para ser empregada em procedimentos cirúrgicos com riscos de comprometimento do nervo alveolar inferior.
Fatores Associados à Forma de Busca ao Serviço de Triagem para COVID-19 de uma Instituição de Referência
Authors: Lima Carlos Túlio Alencar , Bordin Danielle , Floriano Lara Simone Messias , Krum Everson Augusto , Silva Carla Luiza da , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Reconhecer o perfil dos usuários que acessam o serviço de forma direta e referenciada pode ajudar ao planejamento de estratégias de fluxos e contrafluxos para garantia de um serviço mais eficiente e de qualidade. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à busca direta ou referenciada pelo serviço de triagem para COVID-19 de uma instituição hospitalar de referência. Material e método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 358 usuários que buscaram a triagem de tratamento à COVID-19. Considerou-se variável dependente a forma de busca, direta ou referenciada, e independentes características sociodemográficas, de saúde, histórico de viagens e acesso a outros serviços de saúde, contato com suspeitos, sinais e sintomas e conduta clínica de atendimento. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: A maioria buscou o serviço diretamente (78,2% n=280) e esteve associada à jovens e adultos, casados, com ensino superior completo e de residentes no mesmo município da instituição de referência, com sintomas mais leves, como dor de garganta, congestão nasal e coriza (p<0,05). Aqueles que buscaram o serviço de forma referenciada (21,8% n=78) eram em sua maioria idosos e portadores de doenças crônicas, que tiveram necessidade de avaliação médica e observação e internação maior (p<0,05). Conclusão: O perfil de usuários que buscou pelo serviço de triagem à COVID-19 de forma referenciada foi de indivíduos de grupo considerado de risco e com sinais e sintomas mais graves da doença e que demandam de assistência hospitalar, enquanto a busca direta foi a de menor gravidade.
Toxina Botulínica nas Rítides Periorais
Authors: Oliveira Rayanne Cavalcante , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A toxina botulínica (TxBo) é um peptídeo hidrofílico de origem biológica, que consiste em uma proteína produzida pela bactéria Clostridium botulinum, com ação na interrupção do complexo pré-sináptico, resultando na ausência da contração muscular. O seu uso é bastante evidente na área de harmonização facial com intuito de amenizar os danos causados à face, por fatores ambientais e/ou genéticos. Objetivo: Analisar a literatura disponível sobre a temática, a fim de compreender a uso da toxina botulínica tipo A (TxBo A), na suavização das rugas periorais. Material e método: Realizou-se uma revisão no período 2012- 2020, por meio da busca nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Scielo e PubMed. utilizando os seguintes descritores: Toxina Botulínica, Rítides Periorais e Estética. Resultados: O uso de protocolo adequado, durante o manejo da toxina, resulta na atenuação das linhas de expressão dispostas na região perioral. Conclusão: A TxBo é uma realidade no consultório odontológico, sendo importante que o profissional detenha o conhecimento teórico e prático necessário, a fim de recuperar o sorriso do paciente, com base em sua necessidade estética.