bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory Effect of Preventive Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acid in a Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I Model in Mice
Authors: Fernandes Paula Franson , Galassi Taynah de Oliveira , Horewicz Verônica Vargas , Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inoue , Mack Josiel Mileno , Baldança Heloiza dos Santos , Ferreira da Silva Ana Paula , Bruehl Stephen , Bittencourt Edsel B. , Seim Lynsey A. , Martins Daniel Fernandes , Bobinski Franciane 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is usually triggered by trauma or a surgical procedure, and it typically becomes an established one after an intense inflammatory process with chronic pain and edema as the main symptoms. Available treatments for CRPS have low efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunoregulatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on paw edema and anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage phenotypes in the chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) preclinical model of CRPS-Type I.MethodsFemale Swiss mice were supplemented with omega-3, corn oil, or saline and then submitted to the CPIP model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Supplementation was carried out for 30 days prior to and up to 2 or 15 days after the induction of CPIP, according to experimental protocols. The supplementation protocol included 1,500 mg/kg of omega-3 or corn oil through an intragastric route (gavage). Paw edema, interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were then measured in the paw skin and muscle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and macrophage phenotypes (M1 and M2) assessed in the paw muscle by Western blotting.ResultsThe CPIP model induced an increase in paw thickness up to 72 h post-I/R. Mice supplemented with omega-3 compared to the saline group displayed reduced edema but neither altered skin IL-4 or skin and muscle TGF-β1, TNF, and MCP-1 concentrations, nor did they exhibit significantly altered muscle macrophage phenotype on the 2nd-day post-CPIP. However, omega-3 supplementation reversed the I/R-related reduction in IL-4 in the paw muscle compared to groups supplemented with saline and corn oil. Furthermore, omega-3 promoted the reduction of IL-10 levels in the paw skin, compared to animals with lesions supplemented with saline, until the 2nd-day post-CPIP. On the 15th day post-CPIP, IL-10 was significantly increased in the muscle of animals supplemented with omega-3 compared to the saline group.ConclusionThe results suggest that omega-3 PUFA supplementation has anti-inflammatory effects in the CPIP model of CRPS-Type I, significantly reducing paw edema and regulating concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10.
Comprehensive Molecular Analyses of a TNF Family-Based Gene Signature as a Potentially Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ma Yan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Jiancheng , Jin Yanping , Xu Ying , Qiu Jianping 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family genes play important roles in cervical cancer (CC). However, whether TNF family genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers of CC and the molecular mechanisms of TNF family genes remain unclear.MethodsA total of 306 CC and 13 normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. We identified differentially expressed TNF family genes between CC and normal samples and subjected them to univariate Cox regression analysis for selecting prognostic TNF family genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen genes to establish a TNF family gene signature. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the biological functions of the TNF family gene signature. Finally, methylation and copy number variation data of CC were used to analyse the potential molecular mechanisms of TNF family genes.ResultsA total of 26 differentially expressed TNF family genes were identified between the CC and normal samples. Next, a TNF family gene signature, including CD27, EDA, TNF, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF9 was constructed based on univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The TNF family gene signature was related to age, pathological stages M and N, and could predict patient survival independently of clinical factors. Moreover, KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the TNF family gene signature was mainly involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway, and the TNF family gene signature could affect the immunotherapy response. Finally, we confirmed that the mRNA expressions of CD27, TNF, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF9 were upregulated in CC, while that of EDA was downregulated. The mRNA expressions of CD27, EDA, TNF, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF9 might be influenced by gene methylation and copy number variation.ConclusionOur study is the first to demonstrate that CD27, EDA, TNF, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF9 might be used as prognostic biomarkers of CC and are associated with the immunotherapy response of CC.
Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Hepatoblastoma With Tumor Rupture: Experience From a Single Center
Authors: Zhang Yu-Tong , Zhao Yu-Fei , Yang Dian-Fei , Chang Jian 
Published: March 2022

PurposeHepatoblastoma (HB) tumor rupture is currently considered as a high-risk factor in some risk stratification systems. This study aimed to investigate the value of HB tumor rupture in predicting the poor prognosis.MethodsThe clinical data from children with high-risk HB or HB tumor rupture at our institution from October 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.ResultsTogether, 34 children with high-risk HB or HB tumor rupture were retrospected, including 25 in the high-risk group and nine in tumor rupture group. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate in tumor rupture group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group (100 vs. 64%, p = 0.0427). In tumor rupture group, seven (77.8%) of nine patients had a hemoglobin level ≤ 8 g/L and 3 of them (33.3%) had ≤ 6 g/L at the time of diagnosis. Peritoneal perfusion with interleukin-2 was implemented for each patient. At the end of the treatment, seven (77.8%) of nine patients achieved complete response (CR). No patient died at the last follow-up.ConclusionsHB tumor rupture might not be predictive of poor prognosis with the risk of peritoneal dissemination/relapse, in which peritoneal perfusion with interleukin-2 could play a role.
Continuous Magnesium Sulfate Infusions for Status Asthmaticus in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Peter N. , Drury Anna Sahlstrom , Gupta Neha 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesMagnesium sulfate is a second-tier therapy for asthma exacerbations in children; guidelines recommend a single-dose to improve pulmonary function and decrease the odds of admission to the in-patient setting. However, many clinicians utilize prolonged magnesium sulfate infusions for children with refractory asthma. The purpose of this review is to describe the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate infusions administered over ≥ 1 h in children with status asthmaticus.MethodsMedline was searched using the keywords “magnesium sulfate” and “children.” Articles evaluating the use of magnesium sulfate infusions for ≥1 h published between 1946 and August 2021 were included. Published abstracts were not included because of lack of essential details. All articles were screened by two reviewers.ResultsEight reports including 447 children were included. The magnesium regimens evaluated included magnesium delivered over 1 h (n = 148; 33.1%), over 4–5 h (n = 105; 23.5%), and over &gt;24 h (n = 194; 43.4%). Majority of patients received a bolus dose of 25–75 mg/kg/dose prior to initiation of a prolonged infusion (n = 299; 66.9%). For the patients receiving magnesium infusions over 4–5 h, the dosing regimen varied between 40 and 50 mg/kg/h. For those receiving magnesium infusions &gt;24 h, the dosing varied between 18.4 and 25 mg/kg/h for a duration between 53.4 and 177.5 h. Only three reports including 186 patients (41.6%) included an evaluation of clinical outcomes including evaluation of lung function parameters, reduction in PICU transfers, and/or decrease in emergency department length of stay. Five reports including 261 patients (58.4%) evaluated magnesium serum concentrations. In most reports, the goal concentrations were between 4 and 6 mg/dL. Only 3 (1.1%) out of the 261 patients had supratherapeutic magnesium concentrations. The only reports finding adverse events attributed to magnesium were noted in those receiving infusions for &gt;24 h. Clinically significant adverse events included hypotension (n = 74; 16.6%), nausea/vomiting (n = 35; 7.8%), mild muscle weakness (n = 22; 4.9%), flushing (n = 10; 2.2%), and sedation (n = 2; 0.4%).ConclusionSignificant variability was noted in magnesium dosing regimens, with most children receiving magnesium infusions over &gt;4 h. Most reports did not assess clinical outcomes. Until future research is conducted, the use of prolonged magnesium sulfate infusions should be reserved for refractory asthma therapy.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravesical Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome—A Comparative Study of Different Injection Number, Additives and Concentrations
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong , Lin Teng-Yi , Ho Han-Chen , Hsu Yung-Hsiang , Kuo Hann-Chorng 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Intravesical platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been demonstrated effective in relieving symptoms among patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). This study compared the clinical efficacy among different injection number, adding solution, and concentrations of PRP.Methods: A total of 63 patients with IC/BPS were enrolled and randomly allocated to four subgroups who received single high-dose PRP (from 100 ml whole blood) plus 10 ml of normal saline or plasma injected over 20 or 40 sites. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months for changes in the IC symptom index (ICSI) and problem index (ICPI), visual analog scale (VAS), global response assessment (GRA), and urodynamic parameters. Furthermore, we compared the clinical outcome with our previous study in a group of 55 IC/BPS patients who underwent four monthly low-dose PRP (from 50 ml whole blood) injections.Results: The result of this study showed significant improvements in IC symptoms (ICSI 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.2 ± 4.9, p = 0.009; ICPI 12.3 ± 3.4 vs. 10.6 ± 4.7, p = 0.003); VAS (5.46 ± 2.96 vs. 3.83 ± 3.1, p 0.000), and maximum flow rate (10.4 ± 4.9 vs. 17.1 ± 11.5 ml/s, p = 0.000) at 3 months after single high-dose PRP injection. However, no significant differences in therapeutic results were observed among subgroups, regardless of the added component or injecting site. The improvements of ICSI, ICPI, and GRA at 6 months were lower in comparison with the results of four low-dose PRP injections. All patients were free of dysuria, urinary retention, or urinary tract infection after PRP treatment.Conclusion: Intravesical PRP injection is effective for IC/BPS. The addition of normal saline or plasma and injection site had no influence on therapeutic efficacy. However, the symptom improvement and GRA after a single high-dose PRP injection was lower than that after four low-dose PRP injections 6 months after the first treatment. Limitation of the study is lack of sham control group.
Impact of the Endocannabinoid System on Bone Formation and Remodeling in p62 KO Mice
Authors: Keller Christina , Yorgan Timur Alexander , Rading Sebastian , Schinke Thorsten , Karsak Meliha 
Published: March 2022

Several studies have shown that the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor CB2 and its interaction partner p62 are molecularly involved in bone remodeling processes. Pharmacological activation of the CB2 receptor enhanced bone volume in postmenopausal osteoporosis and arthritis models in rodents, whereas knockout or mutation of the p62 protein in aged mice led to Paget’s disease of bone-like conditions. Studies of pharmacological CB2 agonist effects on bone metabolism in p62 KO mice have not been performed to date. Here, we assessed the effect of the CB2-specific agonist JWH133 after a short-term (5 days in 3-month-old mice) or long-term (4 weeks in 6-month-old mice) treatment on structural, dynamic, and cellular bone morphometry obtained by μCT of the femur and histomorphometry of the vertebral bodies in p62 KO mice and their WT littermates in vivo. A genotype-independent stimulatory effect of CB2 on bone formation, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness after short-term treatment and on tissue mineral density after long-term treatment was detected, indicating a weak osteoanabolic function of this CB2 agonist. Moreover, after short-term systemic CB2 receptor activation, we found significant differences at the cellular level in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts only in p62 KO mice, together with a weak increase in trabecular number and a decrease in trabecular separation. Long-term treatment showed an opposite JWH133 effect on osteoclasts in WT versus p62 KO animals and decreased cortical thickness only in treated p62 KO mice. Our results provide new insights into CB2 receptor signaling in vivo and suggest that CB2 agonist activity may be regulated by the presence of its macromolecular binding partner p62.
Sex Matters: A Comprehensive Comparison of Female and Male Hearts
Authors: St. Pierre Sarah R. , Peirlinck Mathias , Kuhl Ellen 
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease in women remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Recent studies suggest that this is caused, at least in part, by the lack of sex-specific diagnostic criteria. While it is widely recognized that the female heart is smaller than the male heart, it has long been ignored that it also has a different microstructural architecture. This has severe implications on a multitude of cardiac parameters. Here, we systematically review and compare geometric, functional, and structural parameters of female and male hearts, both in the healthy population and in athletes. Our study finds that, compared to the male heart, the female heart has a larger ejection fraction and beats at a faster rate but generates a smaller cardiac output. It has a lower blood pressure but produces universally larger contractile strains. Critically, allometric scaling, e.g., by lean body mass, reduces but does not completely eliminate the sex differences between female and male hearts. Our results suggest that the sex differences in cardiac form and function are too complex to be ignored: the female heart is not just a small version of the male heart. When using similar diagnostic criteria for female and male hearts, cardiac disease in women is frequently overlooked by routine exams, and it is diagnosed later and with more severe symptoms than in men. Clearly, there is an urgent need to better understand the female heart and design sex-specific diagnostic criteria that will allow us to diagnose cardiac disease in women equally as early, robustly, and reliably as in men.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://livingmatter.stanford.edu/.
Disability Weights Estimates From India in 2018: Measurements From Community Members From Two Distinct States of India
Authors: Nanda Lipika , Lobo Eunice , Menon Geetha R. , Dhopte Pratik , Akhouri Shuchi Sree , Shrivastava Chandni , Ronghang Roshan , Anilkumar Aiswarya , Dutta Ambarish 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIndia is undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiologic transition. Thus demanding prioritization of diseases based on burden estimation is befitting our cultural diversity. Disability weights (DWs) by Global burden of disease (GBD) studies may not be representative. Hence, a study was conducted to estimate state-specific disability weights to capture the community health perceptions that included urban–rural settings as well as different socio-economic and literacy levels.MethodsA total of 2,055 community members (participants) from two distinct states of India, Odisha and Telangana, were interviewed to assign disability weights to the selected 14 health states based on the state burden and relevance. Each health state was described to the participants using pictorial representations of the health states and valuated using visual analog scale and card sort methods.ResultsWe noted that DWs in Odisha ranged from 0.32 (0.30–0.34) for upper limb fracture due to road traffic accident (least severe) to 0.90 (0.88–0.93) for breast cancer (most severe) among the 14 health states. While, in Telangana, diarrhea was considered least severe [DW = 0.22 (0.19–0.24)] and breast cancer remained most severe [DW = 0.85 (0.83–0.88)] as in Odisha. Marked difference in the DWs for other health states was also seen. Further, on comparison of community weights with GBD weights using Spearman correlation, we observed a low correlation (ρ = 0.104).ConclusionOur study provides community-based findings that show how participants valued noncommunicable diseases higher than short-term ailments or infectious diseases. Additionally, the low correlation between GBD also suggests the need for local disability weights rather than universal acceptance. We therefore recommend that decisions in policy-making, especially for resource allocation and priority setting, need to be based not only on expert opinion but also include community in accordance with high scientific standards.
The Impact of PM2.5 on the Growth Curves of Children's Obesity Indexes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tong Jishuang , Ren Yanling , Liu Fangchao , Liang Fengchao , Tang Xian , Huang Daochao , An Xizhou , Liang Xiaohua 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo explore the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) on childhood obesity based on a cohort study in Chongqing.MethodsA total of 4,284 children aged 6–8 years at baseline were enrolled from the Chongqing Children Health Cohort in 2014–2015 and were followed up in 2019. A stratified cluster sampling was applied to select the participants. A Mixed-effects linear regression model was used to examine the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on the growth curve of obesity indicators [including body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score (BMIz), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)]. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to study the dose relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of obesity indicators.ResultsA higher level of accumulating exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased childhood obesity index, and the effect was the most significant for WHtR than BMI and BMIz. This effect was more pronounced in boys than in girls except for WHtR, and it was the most significant under the PM2.5 exposure period from pregnancy to 6 years old. Compared the annual average PM2.5 exposure level of &lt;60 μg/m3, the WHtR and BMI were increased by 0.019 [(95% CIs): 0.014, 0.024] and 0.326 [(95% CIs): 0.037, 0.616] Kg/m2 for participants living with the PM2.5 exposure level of 70–75 μg/m3, respectively. For every 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels (from pregnancy to 6 years old), the risk of central obesity was increased by 1.26 {odds ratio [OR] (95% CIs): 1.26 (1.16, 1.37), p &lt; 0.001} times.ConclusionsThis study confirmed a dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and childhood obesity, especially central obesity, suggesting that controlling ambient air pollution can prevent the occurrence of obesity in children and adolescents.
Mental Health Factors That Guide Individuals to Engage in Overconsumption Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study Between USA and Ecuador
Authors: Franklin Velasco , Cintya Lanchimba , Mariel Paz y Miño , Pablo Díaz-Sanchez Juan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study tests a framework that examines the role of several mental health factors (mood, wellbeing, health consciousness, and hoarding) on individuals' overconsumption behavior under the novel coronavirus context. This examination is relevant to public health literature because it increases our knowledge on how the context of COVID-19 pandemic affects people's mental health and provides answers to why individuals engage in overconsumption behavior. Additionally, this research also follows a cross-cultural perspective aiming to understand how individuals from different cultural orientations cope with the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that compares samples from two countries: Ecuador (n = 334) and USA (n = 321). Data was collected via an online survey. The timing of data collection was set during the mandatory lockdowns and social distance measures taken by both countries to fight against the COVID-19 virus breakout. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the theorized framework. Multi-group analysis was used to explore cultural orientation differences among the relationships included in the model.ResultsThe results indicate that individuals' mood state has a positive relationship with health consciousness, as people try to regulate their health concerns by maintaining positive perceptions of their subjective wellbeing. Further, the increased concern individuals express in their health is responsible for them to engage in overconsumption behavior. Cultural orientation (individualism vs. collectivism) moderates the relationship between mood and health consciousness. No moderation effect was found for the relationship between health consciousness and overconsumption.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has generated negative effects in individuals' mental health. Findings from this study suggest that maintaining a positive mood is important for individuals at the time of mandatory lockdowns, and this effort is related to a greater concern and awareness of their health. Further, health consciousness is responsible to stimulate overconsumption behavior. This chain of effects can be explained by individuals' interest in their wellbeing. Culture plays a role in these effects. People from individualistic countries (USA) compared to people from collectivistic countries (Ecuador) demonstrate greater motivation in maintaining their positive mood by showing greater health consciousness.