bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Mortality Rate of Elderly Trauma Patients With Operative Feeding Tubes
Authors: Braasch Maxwell C. , Taghlabi Khaled M. , Marlor Derek R. , Hierl Anneliese N. , Winfield Robert D. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Placement of feeding tubes in elderly patients has not been studied in elderly trauma patients. The objectives of this study were to determine in-hospital mortality in elderly trauma patients receiving operative feeding tubes and to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods A retrospective study utilizing 2017 National Trauma Data Bank data was conducted. Trauma patients aged 65 and older with operative feeding tubes were included. Demographic, injury, comorbidity, and general hospital course data were analyzed. Two cohorts were constructed: survival and non-survival to hospital discharge. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 3,398 patients were analyzed with 331 (9.7%) dying during hospitalization. Patients had a median age of 75 years and sustained severe injuries (median ISS 17). Patients who died were older (76 vs. 75 years, p = .03), more severely injured (ISS 22 vs. 17, p < .001), had a higher geriatric trauma outcome score (134 vs. 121, p < .001), and had lower rates of dementia (8 vs. 13%, p = .01). Multivariate regression showed male sex, lower admission GCS, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, and an Advance Directive Limiting Care (ADLC) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Dementia diagnosis was negatively associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions The in-hospital mortality rate for elderly trauma patients with operative feeding tubes placed was notably high. Identifying factors associated with in-hospital mortality will serve to assist providers in counseling patients and caregivers about the outcomes of operative feeding tube placement in this patient population.
Testing Senders’ Visual Occlusion Model: Do Operators (Drivers) Really Predict During Visual Occlusion?
Authors: Chen Huei-Yen Winnie , Milgram Paul 
Published: April 2022

Objective The present study tests the hypothesis that humans are capable of predicting the state of a system during visual occlusion, an assumption often made in models of sampling behaviour, but seldom tested. Background In 1967, John Senders introduced the visual occlusion paradigm to evaluate attentional demand of tasks such as automobile driving. Despite multiple studies employing this paradigm, the concept of operators actually being able to resolve uncertainty during occlusion by predicting system output has remained unvalidated. Method A self-paced visual occlusion monitoring task was contrived, involving a randomly rotating basin with a ball at the bottom. Participants were required to detect critical events (ball falling off the edge) while looking only as often as subjectively deemed necessary. Assuming the need to resolve uncertainty imposed by the random rotations, we examined relations between occlusion durations and system states preceding occlusion, for different glance durations, to infer whether predicting may have taken place. Results Results suggested that glance requests were consistent with the use of simple first order predictions. This pertained not only for longer (300 and 500 ms) glances, but even for 100 ms glances whenever critical events were imminent. Conclusion The presumption that human operators are capable, under certain circumstances, of predicting system state in the absence of visual information appears feasible; however, glance duration plays an important role. Applications By providing support for some of its basic premises, the use of Senders’ visual occlusion paradigm as a potential tool for evaluating human monitoring performance has been strengthened.
A Serious Game Employed to Introduce Principles of Interprofessional Collaboration to Students of Multiple Health Professions
Authors: Fusco Nicholas M. , Jacobsen Lisa Jane , Klem Nicole , Krzyzanowicz Ryan , Ohtake Patricia J. 
Published: April 2022

Background Serious games may be beneficial to student learning and skill development when deployed within the context of interprofessional education (IPE). The purpose of this study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a serious game to introduce foundational knowledge and skills related to interprofessional collaboration in health professions education. Methods A commercially available board game simulation product was purchased by the university and was central to this learning experience. Participants included students from 13 professional programs. During each session, students were organized into teams of four, engaged in an open discussion with their team, played the game and participated in debriefing. At the conclusion, students completed an 11-item program evaluation. Frequencies for each forced-rating question were reported in aggerate and analyzed by profession. A thematic analysis was conducted for open-ended questions. Results A total of 229 students participated and completed the program evaluation. Greater than 88% of respondents either “Agree” or “Strongly Agree” that after participating they were able to communicate and collaborate with students from other health professions programs; discuss the roles of collaboration, innovation, and being data-driven for health-systems improvement; and discuss the importance of teamwork in healthcare provision. Respondents reported this experience contributed to their competence as an interprofessional team member in the areas of teamwork, communication, and creative problem solving. Conclusions An interprofessional serious game was well-rated by a diverse group of health professions students. Students reported a high level of agreement with being able to discuss concepts important to interprofessional collaboration.
Randomised clinical trial evaluating the effect of a single preappointment dose of gabapentin on signs of stress in hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Gurney Matthew , Gower Lou 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin as an anxiolytic in hyperthyroid cats. Methods Cats (n = 47) with confirmed hyperthyroidism were successfully enrolled. The cat owner allocated a temperament score and a transport stress score at their first visit. For the second visit the cat owner (blinded to treatment) administered either liquid gabapentin 20 mg/kg (n = 22) or an indistinguishable placebo solution (n = 25) 1 h prior to leaving home. A second transport score was allocated by the cat owner at this visit. Upon admission a compliance score was independently assigned by two veterinary nurses blinded to treatment. Excess blood from routine blood draw was analysed for gabapentin plasma concentration from cats in the gabapentin group. Results There were no significant differences in baseline transport score between groups ( P = 0.13), but significant differences were noted in the second visit transport score between cats medicated with gabapentin compared with placebo ( P = 0.018). Mean compliance scores were significantly different between cats in the treatment group compared with placebo ( P = 0.019). Further sedation was required to complete the procedures in 24% of cats in the placebo group compared to 9% in the gabapentin group ( P = 0.25). Mean plasma gabapentin concentrations were 10.1 mg/l (range 1.7–22.7) in the gabapentin group within a 1–3 h time frame post-administration. Conclusions and relevance Hyperthyroid cats medicated with 20 mg/kg gabapentin 1 h prior to leaving home were more relaxed during transport and more compliant with veterinary procedures than cats administered a placebo solution.
Study of Learning Curve in a Surgeon for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Cholangiography During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Tseng Chun , Huang Ping-Wen , Huang Shih-Wei , Chen Yi-Chun , Hung Min-Chang , Wong Hon Phin , Chou Dev-Aur 
Published: April 2022

Background Near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography (NIRF) has shown promising results on delineating extra-hepatic biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to avoid bile duct injury. However its routine usage remains in question. In this study, the technique was evaluated further with learning curve estimation and learning factors were observed. Methods One hundred ninety-nine cases which underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute or chronic cholecystitis within a 2-year period including 51 cases with initial use of NIRF by 2 surgeons were studied retrospectively. The learning curve was evaluated for a surgeon as primary objective. A case-matched comparison of the operative time between NIRF and conventional group, in terms of acute and chronic cholecystitis was also conducted as a secondary calculation. Results Learning curve was evaluated with 61% learning rate for NIRF experience. Cysto-biliary junction non-illuminated cases under fluorescent view, had mean operative time of 80.83 ± 22.82 min, which was shorter than the cysto-biliary junction illuminated cases. The NIRF group exhibited longer operative time compared with the conventional group with mean difference of 34.39 min (significant at P < .05). Conclusions While the initial learning phase might be affected by surgeons’ behavior and attitude, our results may provide a reference to learn at one’s own pace and to employ NIRF teaching strategies during surgical training programs to overcome the initial phase during training period itself and facilitate universal achievement.
Knowledge and associated factors towards palliative care among nurses in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wake Addisu Dabi 
Published: April 2022

Palliative care is a holistic care that emphasises on relieving pain and other symptoms of a critical illness, irrespective of age, diagnosis, or stage of illness. It improves the quality of life of the individual. Since nurses spend the longest time with patients, they are the heart of the palliative care team who deliver high standards of care. This study was intended to assess the pooled prevalence of knowledge and associated factors towards palliative care among nurses in Ethiopia. During this study, a comprehensive search was performed by using different databases. A funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to evaluate a publication bias. I2 statistic was used to check the heterogeneity between the studies. The subgroup analysis was also conducted for this study. A total of 11 studies with 3330 study participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of knowledge towards palliative care among nurses in Ethiopia was 42.31% (95% confidence interval = [32.41, 52.21]). Educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69, 95% confidence interval = [1.11, 4.25]), experience of caring for a dying patient (adjusted odds ratio = 3.15, 95% confidence interval = [1.17, 5.13]), and training on palliative care (adjusted odds ratio = 2.53, 95% confidence interval = [1.42, 3.64]) were factors significantly associated with the knowledge of nurses towards palliative care. This study indicated that the pooled prevalence of knowledge towards palliative care among nurses in Ethiopia was low. Educational status, experience of caring for a dying patient, and training on palliative care were factors significantly associated with the knowledge of nurses towards palliative care. Thus, training on palliative care and education is suggested for nurses to improve their knowledge towards palliative care. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021247590
Assessing the Degree of Market Power in the Rice Milling Industry of Sri Lanka: An Application of the NEIO Approach
Authors: Mufeeth Musthapha , Weerasooriya Senal , Weerahewa Jeevika 
Published: April 2022

This study used the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) approach to estimate the presence and factors affecting the market power of the rice milling industry in Sri Lanka. Annual data from 1982 to 2019 were used for the analysis. The miller’s pricing and demand models were estimated using the non-linear Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation technique. The estimated conjectural variation elasticity and the Lerner index of the Sri Lankan rice milling industry were 0.348 and 0.677 correspondingly and the results were significantly (p < 0.05) different from zero and one respectively. This depicts that the rice milling market exhibits oligopoly power in setting the price of rice above its marginal cost. Market power was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the implementation of the Government Ceiling Price (GCP) on rice. The study findings suggest the importance of consistent implementation and monitoring of GCP policies to control the market power of the rice milling industry in Sri Lanka. JEL Classification: D22, D43, L00
Career Preferences among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sessional Study
Authors: Hsu Mei Hua Kerry , Ye Qian Hong , Ling Man Ho 
Published: April 2022

Introduction It is estimated that mores nurses are needed in the future, nursing students’ career preferences are important to contribute the shortage of nursing manpower in Macao. Little is known regarding the preferences for nursing students’ career preferences and related factors among nursing students. Objective To explore and investigate the career preferences and related factors among nursing students in Macao. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey study design was adopted to assess career preferences and related factors among nursing students in Macao. Results In total, 217 nursing students completed surveys. The most favorite career preferences among nursing students were community health nursing, paediatric nursing, medical surgical nursing, and obstetric & gynecological nursing; while the least career preferences among nursing students were oncology and hospice nursing, mental health nursing, and ER nursing. Factors were related to “gender”, “education”, and “nursing is my first study preference” among Macao nursing students for career preferences. Conclusion The senior nursing students prefer working in community health nursing and the junior and female nursing students prefer working in pediatric nursing and obstetric and gynecological nursing. The more understandings of nursing students’ career preferences, the better nursing curriculum design and implication to promote nursing students’ intention for working in the least career preferences work.
Radial variations of broad-sense heritability in wood properties and classification of load–deflection curves in static bending for six half-sib families of Chamaecyparis obtusa
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Endo Ryota , Kobayashi Saki , Tanabe Jun , Matsushita Michinari , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWood properties (annual ring width, tracheid length, microfibril angle [MFA], basic density, and air-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity [MOE], modulus of rupture [MOR], bending work, and compressive strength) in 34-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa trees of six half-sib families were measured from pith to bark to clarify radial variations in inheritance of these traits and the relationships between wood properties and mechanical properties. In addition, within-tree and among-family differences in the load–deflection curves were discussed. Radial variations of all wood properties were fitted to linear or nonlinear mixed-effects models with random effects of families. The MFA was correlated with MOE in all radial positions, whereas air-dry density correlated with all mechanical properties in mature wood. Radial variations in broad-sense heritability differed between wood properties. A relatively higher broad-sense heritability was recognized in almost all wood properties for mature wood. Based on the results, it was concluded that mechanical properties in mature wood can be effectively improved using MFA and air-dry density as criteria. In addition, the types of load–deflection curve in mature wood differed from those in juvenile wood, suggesting that not only elastic properties, but also plastic properties in C. obtusa are affected by genetic controls, especially in mature wood.
Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy in Horseshoe kidney: single-center experience of four cases
Authors: Agrawal Shashank , Agrawal Anshul , Singh Abhishek G. , Sabnis Ravindra B. , Desai Mahesh R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common congenital fusion anomaly and found in 1 in 400 of the general population (Grainger et al. in Ir Med J 76:315–317, 1983 Jul). Impaired drainage due to anomalous anatomy leads to ureteric obstruction resulting in hydronephrosis and nonfunctioning kidney.
Conventionally heminephrectomy is done by open technique; however, in the era of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic heminephrectomy in HSK has been described. Kidney location, aberrant vasculature and isthmus division are the most common obstacle encountered by the operating surgeon. Here we report our single-center experience in laparoscopic heminephrectomy in four patients with HSK.

Methods
Retrospective data were analyzed for four cases of laparoscopic heminephrectomy for nonfunctioning moiety in HSK operated between 2012 and 2020. Of these four patients, one case was converted to open approach in view of intra-operative bleeding. Computed tomography urogram (CTU) was done pre-operatively in all patients. Laparoscopic surgery was performed via transperitoneal approach.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 37 ± 5.38 years. Flank pain was noted in all cases while dysuria seen in two patients and one patient had fever. Mean operative time was 145 ± 26.92 min and estimated blood loss was 85 ± 55 ml. Various techniques for isthmectomy and lower pole resection were used including use of monopolar hook in laparoscopic suite, Ligasure and bipolar scissor in minimal invasive milieu and monopolar cautery in laparoscopic conversion to open procedure. Histopathological examination revealed chronic pyelonephritis in three cases and squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis in one case which was converted to open.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic heminephrectomy in HSK is doable. Preoperative CT urography along with CT angiography may provide important anatomical and vascular information which reduces intra-operative risks of vascular injury or calyceal entry. Vascular control of isthmus and transection of dilated and thinned out lower pole with cauterization of pelvicalyceal mucosa will provide uneventful surgical course.
Co-expression network analysis of environmental canalization in the ascidian Ciona
Authors: Sato Atsuko , Oba Gina M. , Aubert-Kato Nathanael , Yura Kei , Bishop John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Canalization, or buffering, is defined as developmental stability in the face of genetic and/or environmental perturbations. Understanding how canalization works is important in predicting how species survive environmental change, as well as deciphering how development can be altered in the evolutionary process. However, how developmental gene expression is linked to buffering remains unclear. We addressed this by co-expression network analysis, comparing gene expression changes caused by heat stress during development at a whole-embryonic scale in reciprocal hybrid crosses of sibling species of the ascidian Ciona that are adapted to different thermal environments.

Results
Since our previous work showed that developmental buffering in this group is maternally inherited, we first identified maternal developmental buffering genes (MDBGs) in which the expression level in embryos is both correlated to the level of environmental canalization and also differentially expressed depending on the species’ gender roles in hybrid crosses. We found only 15 MDBGs, all of which showed high correlation coefficient values for expression with a large number of other genes, and 14 of these belonged to a single co-expression module. We then calculated correlation coefficients of expression between MDBGs and transcription factors in the central nervous system (CNS) developmental gene network that had previously been identified experimentally. We found that, compared to the correlation coefficients between MDBGs, which had an average of 0.96, the MDBGs are loosely linked to the CNS developmental genes (average correlation coefficient 0.45). Further, we investigated the correlation of each developmental to MDBGs, showing that only four out of 62 CNS developmental genes showed correlation coefficient > 0.9, comparable to the values between MDBGs, and three of these four genes were signaling molecules: BMP2/4, Wnt7, and Delta-like.

Conclusions
We show that the developmental pathway is not centrally located within the buffering network. We found that out of 62 genes in the developmental gene network, only four genes showed correlation coefficients as high as between MDBGs. We propose that loose links to MDBGs stabilize spatiotemporally dynamic development.
Eosinophilic enteritis accompanied by cytomegalovirus disease: a case report
Authors: Yamaga Yuichi , Mizuno Masahiro , Okae Shunji , Nio-Tamaoki Mikako , Masuo Kenji , Mashimo-Matsuo Yoko , Tanaka Junya , Nabeshima Motoshige 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Eosinophilic enteritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestinal tract that is characterized by eosinophil infiltration. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus, has a broad infectivity range. CMV is retained in the host body after infection. Impairment of host immune defences may reactivate the latent CMV, leading to symptoms of overt disease.

Case presentation
A Japanese female in her 70 s was admitted to a hospital due to diarrhoea and then transferred to our hospital. Laboratory data showed hypoalbuminemia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed oedema of the small intestine. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed oedema of the submucosa, without any remarkable changes in the mucosa of the terminal ileum. Histological examination of the terminal ileum revealed infiltration of > 20 eosinophils per high-power field (HPF). These findings aided in diagnosing eosinophilic enteritis. We administered methylprednisolone (500 mg/day) for three days, followed by tapering prednisolone. However, the patient’s general condition and hypoalbuminemia failed to improve. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G- CMV and IgM-CMV tests were positive. CMV antigenemia was extremely high. Therefore, we administered ganciclovir intravenously, which improved the patient’s condition. Furthermore, azathioprine was administered to taper and discontinue prednisolone without relapse of eosinophilic enteritis. This treatment helped stabilize the patient’s condition for approximately four years.

Conclusion
We present a case of eosinophilic enteritis accompanied by CMV disease during prednisolone treatment. The patient’s condition improved after administration of ganciclovir. Azathioprine aided in discontinuing prednisolone and stabilizing the patient’s condition for approximately four years.