bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and/or Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Pupa Pawiya , Apiwatsiri Prasert , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Pirarat Nopadon , Nedumpun Teerawut , Hampson David J. , Muangsin Nongnuj , Prapasarakul Nuvee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLactiplantibacillus plantarum(strains 22F and 25F) andPediococcus acidilactici(strain 72N) have displayed antibacterial activity in vitro, suggesting that they could be used to support intestinal health in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine if microencapsulated probiotics could reduce the severity of infection with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) in weaned pigs. Sixty healthy neonatal piglets were cross-fostered and separated into five groups. Piglets to be given the microencapsulated probiotics received these orally on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Only piglets in groups 1 and 5 did not receive probiotics: those in groups 2 and 4 received the three microencapsulated probiotic strains (multi-strain probiotic), and piglets in group 3 received microencapsulatedP. acidilacticistrain 72N. After weaning, the pigs in groups 3-5 were challenged with 5 mL (at 109 CFU/mL) of pathogenic ETEC strain L3.2 carrying thek88,staP, andstbvirulence genes. The multi-strain probiotic enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of weaned piglets after the ETEC challenge (group 4), whilst supplementing with the single-strain probiotic increased FCR (group 3). Piglets in groups 3 and 4 developed mild to moderate diarrhoea and fever. In the probiotic-fed piglets there was an increase in lactic acid bacteria count and a decrease inE. colicount in the faeces. By using real-time PCR, virulence genes were detected at lower levels in the faeces of pigs that had received the probiotic strains. Using the MILLIPLEX MAP assay, probiotic supplementation was shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα), while group 4 had high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Challenged piglets receiving probiotics had milder intestinal lesions with better morphology, including greater villous heights and villous height per crypt depth ratios, than pigs just receiving ETEC. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of microencapsulated probiotic strains may improve outcomes in weaned pigs with colibacillosis.
Symptom-based pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain related to spinal disorders: results from a patient-based assessment
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Watanabe Shuji , Honjoh Kazuya , Kubota Arisa , Matsumine Akihiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExisting guidelines advocate an updated therapeutic algorithm for chronic neuropathic pain (NeP), but pharmacotherapeutic management should be individualized to pain phenotypes to achieve higher efficacy. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of medications, based on NeP phenotypes, and to propose symptom-based pharmacotherapy. This retrospective study was enrolled 265 outpatients with chronic NeP related to spinal disorders. The patients were classified into three groups: spinal cord-related pain, radicular pain, and cauda equina syndrome. Data were obtained from patient-based questionnaires using Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) and the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients, and from clinical information. The proportions of patients with ≥ 30% and ≥ 50% reduction in NPSI score for each pain subtype (spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia/dysesthesia) and drugs were evaluated. The pain reduction rate was significantly lower in patients with spinal cord-related pain, especially for paresthesia/dysesthesia. For spinal cord-related pain, duloxetine and neurotropin had insufficient analgesic effects, whereas mirogabalin was the most effective. Pregabalin or mirogabalin for radicular pain and duloxetine for cauda equina syndrome are recommended in cases of insufficient analgesic effects with neurotropin. The findings could contribute to better strategies for symptom-based pharmacotherapeutic management.
A method of blasted rock image segmentation based on improved watershed algorithm
Authors: Guo Qinpeng , Wang Yuchen , Yang Shijiao , Xiang Zhibin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is of great theoretical significance and practical value to establish a fast and accurate detection method for particle size of rock fragmentation. This study introduces the Phansalkar binarization method, proposes the watershed seed point marking method based on the solidity of rock block contour, and forms an adaptive watershed segmentation algorithm for blasted rock piles images based on rock block shape, which is to better solve the problem of incorrect segmentation caused by adhesion, stacking and blurred edges in blasted rock images. The algorithm first obtains the binary image after image pre-processing and performs distance transformation; then by selecting the appropriate gray threshold, the adherent part of the distance transformation image, i.e., the adherent rock blocks in the blasted rock image, is segmented and the seed points are marked based on the solidity of the contour calculated by contour detection; finally, the watershed algorithm is used to segment. The area cumulative distribution curve of the segmentation result is highly consistent with the manual segmentation, and the segmentation accuracy was above 95.65% for both limestone and granite for rock blocks with area over 100 cm2, indicating that the algorithm can accurately perform seed point marking and watershed segmentation for blasted rock image, and effectively reduce the possibility of incorrect segmentation. The method provides a new idea for particle segmentation in other fields, which has good application and promotion value.
Generalizing predictions to unseen sequencing profiles via deep generative models
Authors: Oh Min , Zhang Liqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPredictive models trained on sequencing profiles often fail to achieve expected performance when externally validated on unseen profiles. While many factors such as batch effects, small data sets, and technical errors contribute to the gap between source and unseen data distributions, it is a challenging problem to generalize the predictive models across studies without any prior knowledge of the unseen data distribution. Here, this study proposes DeepBioGen, a sequencing profile augmentation procedure that characterizes visual patterns of sequencing profiles, generates realistic profiles based on a deep generative model capturing the patterns, and generalizes the subsequent classifiers. DeepBioGen outperforms other methods in terms of enhancing the generalizability of the prediction models on unseen data. The generalized classifiers surpass the state-of-the-art method, evaluated on RNA sequencing tumor expression profiles for anti-PD1 therapy response prediction and WGS human gut microbiome profiles for type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
Feasibility and Assessment of a Hybrid Audiology Service Delivery Model for Older Adult Hearing Aid Users: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arnold Michelle L. , Schwartz Breanne , Neil Haley , Chisolm Theresa H. , Sanchez Victoria A. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to provide insight for the feasibility and outcomes of hybrid (combination of in-person office and Internet-based appointments) audiology services.

Method:
This pilot included two phases. First, we surveyed audiologists regarding what elements of a best-practice, in-person delivery of a hearing intervention could be delivered via Internet-based appointments. Next, we piloted the feasibility and assessed outcomes of the procedures identified. Ten first-time hearing aid users aged 70 years and older were fit with Phonak Audeo M90-312T hearing aids. Two Internet-based follow-up appointments were completed using the myPhonak app. We administered the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly–Screening Version (HHIE-S), the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN), and real-ear aided responses (REARs) to determine whether participants experienced improvements on hearing-related outcomes. The Telehealth Acceptance Questionnaire (TAQ) and the Visit-Specific Satisfaction Questionnaire (VSQ-9) were administered to gauge comfort with telehealth and satisfaction with Internet-based appointments.

Results:

Survey results revealed that after an initial in-person appointment, nearly all follow-up hearing intervention components could be delivered remotely. We performed Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests to determine if the baseline and outcome results differed for outcomes. Baseline scores improved after 6 weeks (
p
s = .02 and. 005 for QuickSIN and HHIE-S) for speech-in-noise performance and self-perceived hearing difficulties. REARs from 500 to 4000 Hz measured after 6 weeks did not differ from baseline (
p
s = .612 and .398 for the right and left ears), suggesting no significant deviation from prescriptive targets because of remote fitting adjustments. All participants reported improvement in COSI goals after the intervention. TAQ results suggested that comfort with telehealth improved after attending Internet-based appointments (
p
= .005). VSQ-9 results revealed no differences in reported patient satisfaction between in-person and Internet-based appointments.

Conclusions:
We were able to develop a feasible hybrid audiology service delivery model for older adults. Our results enhance the evidence base for the implementation of telehealth audiology services.
Multiscale depth of anaesthesia prediction for surgery using frontal cortex electroencephalography
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Connelly Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypnotic and sedative anaesthetic agents are employed during multiple medical interventions to prevent patient awareness. Careful titration of agent dosing is required to avoid negative side effects; the accuracy thereof may be improved by Depth of Anaesthesia Monitoring. This work investigates the potential of a patient specific depth monitoring prediction using electroencephalography recorded neural oscillation from the frontal lobe of 10 patients during sedation, where a comparison of the prediction accuracy was made across five different approaches to post‐processing; Noise Assisted‐Empirical Mode Decomposition, the Raw Signal, Linear Series Decomposition Learner, Deep Wavelet Scattering and Deep Learning features. These methods towards anaesthesia depth prediction were investigated using the Bispectral Index as ground truth, where it was seen that the Raw Signal, enhanced feature set and a low complexity classification model (Linear Discriminant Analysis) provided the best classification accuracy, in the region of 85.65 % ±10.23 % across the 10 subjects. Subsequent work in this area would now build on these results and validate the best performing methods on a wider cohort of patients, investigate means of continuous DoA estimation using regressions, and also feature optimisation exercises in order to further streamline and reduce the computation complexity of the designed model.
A deep near-infrared view of the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster
Authors: Galdeano D. , Coldwell G. , Duplancic F. , Alonso S. , Pereyra L. , Minniti D. , Zelada Bacigalupo R. , Valotto C. , Baravalle L. , Alonso M. V. , Nilo Castellón J. L. 
Published: May 2022

Context. The Ophiuchus cluster of galaxies, located at low latitudes in the direction of the Galactic bulge, has been relatively poorly studied in comparison with other rich galaxy clusters, such as Coma, Virgo, and Fornax, despite being the second brightest X-ray cluster in the sky.
Aims. Our aim is perform a study of the hidden galaxy population of the massive cluster Ophiuchus located in the Zone of Avoidance.
Methods. Deep near-infrared images and photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended (VVVX) survey were used to detect galaxy member candidates of the Ophiuchus cluster up to 2 Mpc from the cD galaxy 2MASX J17122774-2322108 using criteria from a past paper to select the galaxies among the foreground sources. We also perform a morphological visual classification and generate color-magnitude diagrams and density profiles.
Results. We identify 537 candidate galaxy members of the Ophiuchus cluster up to 2 Mpc from the cD galaxy, increasing by a factor of seven the number of reported Ophiuchus galaxies. In addition, we performed a morphological classification of these galaxy candidates finding that the fraction of ellipticals reaches more than 60% in the central region of the cluster. On the other hand, the fraction of spirals fraction is lower than 20%, remaining almost constant throughout the cluster. Moreover, we study the red sequence of galaxy member candidates and use mock catalogs to explore the density profile of the cluster, finding that the value derived from the mock catalog toward an overdense region is in agreement with the galaxy excess of the central zone of the Ophiuchus cluster.
Conclusions. Our investigation of the hidden population of Ophiuchus galaxies underscores the importance of this cluster as a prime target for future photometric and spectroscopic studies. Moreover the results of this work highlight the potential of the VVVX survey to study extragalactic objects in the Zone of Avoidance.
Horizontal motions in sunspot penumbrae
Authors: Sobotka Michal , Puschmann Klaus G. 
Published: May 2022

Context.A model of penumbral filaments represented by magnetoconvective cells was derived recently from spectropolarimetric observations. This model resolves many of the inconsistencies found in the relations between intensity, magnetic, and velocity patterns in sunspot penumbrae.Aims.High-resolution observations of horizontal motions in the penumbra are needed to complement the concept of penumbrae obtained from spectropolarimetry. Time series of intensity images of a large sunspot in AR 10634 acquired with the Swedish Solar Telescope in theGband and red continuum are analysed. The two simultaneous time series last six hours and five minutes.Methods.Horizontal motions of penumbral grains (PGs), structures in dark bodies of filaments, the outer penumbral border, andG-band bright points are measured in time slices that cover the whole width of the penumbra and the neighbouring granulation. The spatial and temporal resolutions are 90 km and 20.1 s, respectively.Results.In the inner penumbra, PGs move towards the umbra (inwards) with a mean speed of −0.7 km s−1. The direction of motion changes from inwards to outwards at approximately 60% of the penumbral width, and the mean speed increases gradually in the outer penumbra, approaching 0.5 km s−1. This speed is also typical of an expansion of the penumbra–granulation border during periods that typically last one hour and are followed by a fast contraction. The majority of theG-band bright points moves away from the sunspot, with a typical speed of 0.6 km s−1. High outward speeds, 3.6 km s−1on average, are observed in dark bodies of penumbral filaments.Conclusions.According to the model of penumbral filaments, it is suggested that the speeds detected in the dark bodies of filaments are associated with the Evershed flow and that the opposite directions of PG motions in the inner and outer penumbrae may be explained by the interaction of rising plasma in filament heads with a surrounding, differently inclined magnetic field.
Der AO CMF Online Campus – Erfahrungen mit onlinebasierten internationalen Fortbildungsveranstaltungen
Authors: Thieringer Florian M. , Röthlisberger Erich , Rüetschi Urs , Figari Marcelo , Girod Sabine 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie globale COVID-19 Pandemie stellte in den beiden vergangenen Jahren (2020/2021) vor allem die AO Foundation mit 18000 Mitgliedern und jährlich mehr als 800 internationalen
Fortbildungsveranstaltungen auf eine harte Probe. Bisher lag der Schwerpunkt des AO-Ausbildungskonzeptes auf Präsenzunterricht und Hands-on-Training. Ein Großteil der
Präsenzveranstaltungen musste abgesagt, verschoben oder aufgrund der regionalen Beschränkungen und Schutzmaßnahmen als reine Online- oder Hybridveranstaltungen umorganisiert
werden. AO CMF konnte bereits vor der Pandemie im Bereich der Online-Lehre umfangreiche Erfahrungen sammeln und vermochte den Fortbildungsbetrieb auf reine Online-Veranstaltungen
zügig umzusetzen. Die jährlichen „Flagship-Kurse“ in Davos, bisher reine Präsenzveranstaltungen, wurden 2020 pandemiebedingt als internetbasierte Fortbildungsveranstaltungen
durchgeführt. Mit „The Traveling Mandible“ wurde erstmals in der Geschichte der AO eine internationale 24-h-Live-Veranstaltung mit Hunderten von Teilnehmern ins Internet
übertragen. Als neues Fort- und Weiterbildungsformat konnten sich die interaktiven „AO CMF Study Clubs“ als Online-Fortbildungs- und Diskussionsforen etablieren, die an
verschiedenen internationalen Zentren monatlich mit ausgewählten externen Experten durchgeführt werden. Der Online-Kongress „Global Oral Oncology and Reconstruction“ (AO CMF
Asia-Pacific) im März 2021 war mit über 1000 internationalen Teilnehmern der bisher meistbesuchte Online-Anlass der AO. Bei allen Einschränkungen der Pandemie, vor allem in Bezug
auf AO-Fortbildungsaktivitäten im Präsenzformat, hatte diese Zeit auch positive Auswirkungen auf die Erfahrungen der AO Faculty im Bereich Online-Lehre. „AO CMF Online Campus“,
„From the Frontline“, „Study Clubs“, Facebook Discussion Groups und die myAO-Online-Plattform sind nur einige Themen, die nicht zuletzt durch das Verbot von Präsenzveranstaltungen
einen substanziellen Schub in den letzten beiden Jahren erfahren haben. In diesem Artikel werden die Aspekte der pandemiebedingten Transformation zur Online-Lehre diskutiert und
die Erfahrungen aus der Perspektive von AO CMF beschrieben.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf ich für verschiedene Zielgruppen die Preise erhöhen?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas 
Published: May 2022

„Ich plane, in einer Region zu arbeiten, in der Einheimische deutlich weniger verdienen als beispielsweise Tourist*innen. Darf ich daher von Tourist*innen, die zu mir in die Behandlung kommen, für gleiche private Therapieleistungen andere Preise verlangen? Ich überlege auch, wegen des Gender-Pay-Gap bei Männern einen höheren Preis zu erheben als bei Frauen.“Therapeutin aus Berlin
Explaining automated decision-making: a multinational study of the GDPR right to meaningful information
Authors: Dexe Jacob , Franke Ulrik , Söderlund Kasia , van Berkel Niels , Jensen Rikke Hagensby , Lepinkäinen Nea , Vaiste Juho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes a right for individuals to get access to information about automated decision-making based on their personal data. However, the application of this right comes with caveats. This paper investigates how European insurance companies have navigated these obstacles. By recruiting volunteering insurance customers, requests for information about how insurance premiums are set were sent to 26 insurance companies in Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. Findings illustrate the practice of responding to GDPR information requests and the paper identifies possible explanations for shortcomings and omissions in the responses. The paper also adds to existing research by showing how the wordings in the different language versions of the GDPR could lead to different interpretations. Finally, the paper discusses what can reasonably be expected from explanations in consumer oriented information.
Low energy dissipation superconducting flywheel based on structural design
Authors: Ma Yanbin , Zhang Baoqiang , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: May 2022

Superconducting flywheels have potential application value in aerospace field, and its suspension time is a key factor. Alternating Current (AC) loss associated with rotation is an important parameter that affects the suspension time, so it is very important to study how to reduce the AC loss. Recently, a method of preparing YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) high-temperature superconducting flywheels by Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW) 3D printing was developed. In this paper, the circular hole superconducting flywheel prepared by this method is optimized by the idea of structural optimization. Based on the finite element method, the AC loss before and after optimization is calculated and analyzed. It is found that the elliptical holes make the superconducting flywheel have lower AC loss than circular holes, with a reduction of 58.49%. Then, the YBCO superconducting flywheel with an optimized elliptical structure was prepared by the DIW 3D printing method. The magnetic levitation experiment found that the levitation time of the optimized superconducting flywheel was increased to 162 s compared with the previous 120 s under the same conditions, and the optimized structure had a higher levitation mass ratio. It provides theoretical and experimental support for reducing the AC loss of superconductors by applying the idea of structural optimization design in engineering practice.
Numerical simulation of fragment impacting solid rocket motors
Authors: Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Geng Biao , Geng Tingjing 
Published: May 2022

For the initiation characteristics of solid rocket motors (SRMs) filled with high-energy solid propellant under fragment impact, the related theoretical critical criterion for shock initiation was established based on the critical energy criterion and equivalent analysis method. Afterward, numerical simulation of fragment impacting SRM was carried out by using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software and the nonlinear finite element method. Based on the calculated pressure and reactivity in the high-energy solid propellant grain, the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM and its variation with different forms of fragments and impact conditions were determined. It is found that the numerical simulation results under typical conditions are in good agreement with the data calculated with the developed theoretical critical criterion for shock initiation of SRM. However, the shock initiation mechanism becomes more complex when the case thickness of SRM increases to more than 5 mm; thus, the applicability of the developed theoretical critical criterion reduces. Moreover, it is found that all the case thickness, fragment shape, material properties of the fragment, and impact attitude can significantly affect the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM, even the initiation position and time. First, the critical velocity increases linearly with the increase in case thickness, and the increment rate is faster beyond the thickness of 6 mm. Second, the shock critical initiation velocity induced by fragments with different shapes is as follows: spherical fragment &gt; cubic fragment &gt; cylindrical fragment, while the initiation capacity of different fragment materials is ranked as follows: tungsten alloy &gt; 45 steel &gt; 2024 aluminum. Third, the effects of impact attitude on the shock critical initiation velocity, position and time are complex, and these effects are also influenced by fragment shape. When the impact angle is less than 60°, there is a higher shock critical initiation velocity of SRM under inclined impact than that under positive impact. In addition, the critical velocity induced by cubic fragment is the highest under the combination of vertex impact and positive impact. The variation of the critical velocity under this condition is approximately consistent with that by impacting with cylindrical fragment. Furthermore, when the impact angle is greater than 60°, the shock critical initiation velocity of SRM is less obviously influenced by impact attitude and fragment shape. Meanwhile, the critical velocity decreases sharply under this condition, which indicates that it is easier for SRM to detonate.