bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Li Xinwei , Xiong Mengyuan , Deng Qiaoling , Guo Xiaobing , Li Yirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has now become a global pandemic owing to its high transmissibility. The SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are playing an important role in screening and diagnosing patients with COVID‐19, and studies about the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are increasing now.MethodsIn this review, all the relevant original studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. “SARS‐CoV‐2”, “COVID‐19”, “nucleocapsid protein”, and “antigen detection” were used as keywords.ResultsIn this review, we summarized the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis. Among the representative researches, this review analyzed, the sensitivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein detection varies from 13% to 87.9%, while the specificity could almost reach 100% in most studies. As a matter of fact, the sensitivity is around 50% and could be higher or lower due to the influential factors.ConclusionIt is well suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein is a convenient method with a short turnaround time of about half an hour, and the presence of N antigen is positively related to viral transmissibility, indicating that SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein immunoassays contribute to finding out those infected people rapidly and segregating them from the uninfected people.
Are supermeres a distinct nanoparticle?
Authors: Jeppesen Dennis K. , Zhang Qin , Franklin Jeffrey L. , Coffey Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have recently reported the discovery of a new distinct nanoparticle by ultracentrifugation of the supernatant of exomeres at 376,000 x g for 16 hours. We termed the resulting pellet, supermeres (supernatant of exomeres). The Witwer team raised the legitimate question that these two membraneless nanoparticles may arise from a continuous population of extracellular particles. We have reviewed our data here and present additional analyses that reinforce supermeres as distinct nanoparticles.
Prediction of margin‐negative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant therapy: Diagnostic performance of NCCN criteria for resection vs CT‐determined resectability
Authors: Jang Jong Keon , Choi Se Jin , Byun Jae Ho , Kim Jin Hee , Lee Seung Soo , Kim Hyoung Jung , Yoo Changhoon , Kim Kyu‐pyo , Hong Seung‐Mo , Seo Dong‐Wan , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resectability after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is crucial. Recently, the NCCN introduced criteria for resection of PDAC following NAT.MethodsWe analyzed 127 patients who underwent NAT and pancreatectomy for PDAC between January 2010 and March 2020. CT‐determined resectability according to the NCCN guideline and CA 19‐9 level was evaluated before and after NAT. Diagnostic performance of the NCCN criteria for margin‐negative (R0) resection was investigated and compared with CT alone.ResultsR0 resection was achieved in 104 (81.9%) patients. After NAT, there were 30 (23.6%) resectable, 90 (70.9%) borderline resectable, and seven (5.5%) locally advanced tumors. Significantly decreased or stable CA 19‐9 levels were noted in 114 (89.8%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the NCCN criteria were 87.5% (91/104) and 21.7% (5/23), respectively, which were significantly different from CT including only resectable PDAC (26.9% [28/104] and 91.3% [21/23]; P < .001), but less prominently different from CT including resectable and borderline resectable PDAC (95.2% [99/104]; P = .022 and 8.7% [2/23]; P = .375).ConclusionsThe NCCN criteria for resection following NAT showed high sensitivity and low specificity for predicting R0 resection. It had supplementary benefit over CT alone, mainly in preventing underestimation of R0 resection.
The A2c111nt‐dup variants of human metapneumovirus predominantly circulating in Qingdao, China, during 2018 and 2019
Authors: Liu Ziran , Xie Zhibo , Sun Rui , Zhang Feng , Xu Wenbo , Wang Zhaoguo , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) plays an important role in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of HMPV associated with ARTIs among pediatric inpatients and identified HMPV genetic variations in Qingdao, China, from January 2018 to June 2019. HMPV‐positive samples were identified from throat swabs by multiplex real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The G gene sequences of HMPV were obtained, followed by phylogenetic analysis. As a result, 71 out of 1051 (6.76%) patients were HMPV positive, and the HMPV‐positive rate in children under 5 years of age was three times higher than that in those aged 5−17 years. The epidemic season of HMPV was in spring, with a peak mainly in March. Thirty‐two nucleotide sequences of the HMPV G gene successfully obtained were clustered into three genotypes, A2c (25/32, 78.13%), B1 (3/32, 9.38%) and B2 (4/32, 12.50%). In addition, 76% (19/25) of A2c viruses were identified as the emerging A2c111nt‐dup variants, which were predominantly circulating among pediatric inpatients with ARTIs between January 2018 and June 2019 in Qingdao. The emerging A2c111nt‐dup variants have spread between countries and cities and might spread more widely in the future. Further prevalence monitoring of this duplication variant is needed to clarify the potentially expanding transmission and to provide a scientific basis for disease control and vaccine development.
Analytical sensitivity of the Rapid Antigen Test kits for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.2 sublineage
Authors: Mak Gannon C. K. , Lau Stephen S. Y. , Wong Kitty K. Y. , Lau Chi‐Shan , Ng Ken H. L. , Lam Edman T. K. , Chan Rickjason C. W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron was classified as a variant of concern in November 2021. The sublineage BA.2 spreads rapidly worldwide. Currently, there is a lack of data for the parallel comparison of Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) Kits to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.2. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity of 12 RAT kits to detect Omicron BA.2 in the present study. Analytical sensitivity was determined by means of the limit of detection (LOD). We prepared a dilution set using a respiratory specimen collected from a COVID‐19 patient infected by Omicron BA.2. The reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used as a reference method. The LOD results showed that all 12 RAT kits had comparable analytical sensitivity to detect Omicron BA.2. The RAT kits selected in the current study may be used for the first‐line screening of the rapid spreading Omicron BA.2.
Diagnosis of Alternaria disease and leafminer pest on tomato leaves using image processing techniques
Authors: Nazari Kobra , Ebadi Mohammad Javad , Berahmand Kamal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiseases such as Alternaria and pests such as leafminer threaten tomato as one of the most widely used agricultural products. These pests and diseases first damage the leaves of tomatoes, then the flowers, and finally the fruit. Therefore, the damage to the tomato tree must be controlled in its early stages. It is difficult for farmers to distinguish Alternaria disease from leafminer pest at the early and middle stages of their outbreak on tomato leaves. In the present study, 272 tomato leaf images were prepared from the farm of the Vali‐e‐Asr University of Rafsanjan, including 100 healthy leaves and 172 infected leaves with both Alternaria and leafminer at the initial stages. The image processing technique, texture, neural networks and adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifiers were used to diagnose Alternaria disease and leafminer pest on this dataset.RESULTSThe results showed that the ANFIS classifier achieved an accuracy of 84.71% when performing an equal error rate, 87.78% in the area under the curve, and 85.23% in 3.26 s on the central processing unit for the segmentation of Alternaria disease and leafminer pest in RGB color space. Also, the accuracy of 90% and 98% were obtained for segmentation and classification on the PlantVillage dataset in YCBCR color space.CONCLUSIONThe present study suggests a high classification accuracy for an intelligent selection of pixel values to train the ANFIS classifier. This classifier has high accuracy and speed, low sensitivity to the light intensity of images, and practical application in diagnosing various diseases and pests on numerous datasets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of eight alkaloids in Corydalis Decumbentis Rhizoma (Xiatianwu) and Corydalis Rhizoma (Yanhusuo) by high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods
Authors: Wu Fan , Wu Mengmei , Zhong Chuchu , Peng Jie , Wu Menghua , Cao Hui , Zhang Ying , Ma Zhiguo 
Published: June 2022

In this study, we established a comprehensive high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and high‐resolution mass spectrometry method to identify 10 and quantified eight constituents in Corydalis Decumbentis Rhizoma (“Xiatianwu” in Chinese) and Corydalis Rhizoma (“Yanhusuo” in Chinese). Chemometric methods were applied to distinguish the botanical origins of the Xiatianwu and Yanhusuo samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Agilent Poroshell EC‐C18 column with mobile phases A (1000 ml of 0.2% acetic acid solution containing 2.8 ml of triethylamine) and B (acetonitrile) and stepwise gradient elution. The analytical method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, intra‐ and interday precision and repeatability, the limit of detection, the limit of quantitation, and recovery. Twenty‐six Xiatianwu samples and 10 Yanhusuo samples were analyzed for quality evaluation. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were used to discriminate among samples of different botanical origins. The results showed that the contents of eight alkaloids in Xiatianwu and Yanhusuo were significantly different. Moreover, it was found that chemometric methods could be applied to accurately distinguish these two often conflated Chinese medicinal materials. In conclusion, this study provides a relatively comprehensive method for botanical origin identification and Xiatianwu and Yanhusuo quality control.
Delaying Invasive Treatment in Unilateral Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformation Improves Outcomes
Authors: Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Ganti Sheila , Shivaram Giri M. , Bly Randall A. , Dahl John P. , Manning Scott C. , Perkins Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesLarge (De Serres stage [IV–V]) head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs) often have multiple, high‐risk, invasive treatments (ITs) to address functional compromise. Logically reducing HNLM ITs should reduce treatment risk. We tested whether delaying HNLM ITs reduces total IT number.MaterialsConsecutive HNLM patients (n = 199) between 2010 and 2017, aged 0–18 years.MethodsITs (surgery or sclerotherapy) were offered for persistent or dysfunction causing HNLMs. Treatment effectiveness categorized by IT number: optimal (0–1), acceptable (2–5), or suboptimal (>5). Clinical data were summarized, and outcome associations tested (χ2). Relative risk (RR) with a Poisson working model tested whether HNLM observation or IT delay (>6 months post‐diagnosis) predicts treatment success (i.e., ≤1 IT).ResultsMedian age at HNLM diagnosis was 1.3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 0–45 m) with 107/199(54%) male. HNLM were stage I–III (174 [88%]), IV–V (25 [13%]). Initial treatment was observation (70 [35%]), invasive (129 [65%]). Treatment outcomes were optimal (137 [69%]), acceptable (36 [18%]), and suboptimal (26 [13%]). Suboptimal outcome associations: EXIT procedure, stage IV–V, oral location, and tracheotomy (p < 0.001). Stage I–III HNLMs were initially observed compared with stage I–III having ITs within 6 months of HNLM diagnosis, had a 82% lower relative treatment failure risk ([i.e., >1 IT], RR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.36, p < 0.001). Stage I–III HNLMs with non‐delayed ITs had reduced treatment failure risk compared with IV–V (RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.66, p < 0.001).ConclusionObservation and delayed IT in stage I–III HNLM (“Grade 1”) is safe and reduces IT (i.e., ≤1 IT). Stage IV–V HNLMs (“Grade 2”) with early IT have a greater risk of multiple ITs.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:956–962, 2023
Costs and benefits of landscape‐based water retention measures as nature‐based solutions to mitigating climate impacts in eastern Germany, Czech Republic, and Slovakia
Authors: Sušnik Janez , Masia Sara , Kravčík Michal , Pokorný Jan , Hesslerová Petra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, historic policies led to large, monocropped agricultural landscapes resulting in degradation of traditional landscapes. In the last 20 years, the expansion of urban and industrial areas has added to this degradation. The growing interest in nature‐based solutions, including water‐retention measures, is a response to reversing landscape degradation, rejuvenating ecosystem services, and mitigating the impacts of large‐scale commercial agriculture and climate change. In this study, the costs and benefits of water‐retention measures in eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are assessed. Results indicate that water‐retention measures offer increased water availability over all land use classes assessed, help increase crop productivity, and aid in landscape cooling. Croplands are suggested as being the best value for money, offering the greatest volume potentials (mean = 88 million m3), cooling effects (mean = −1.6°C), and productivity gains (mean = €66 million yr−1), while also being the cheapest to implement per unit area. Differing policies in the three states will likely result in non‐uniform selection or implementation of measures. Future work should focus on local‐level studies offering greater practical messages beyond the regional‐level analysis conducted here. This work contributes to the growing body of literature assessing the costs and benefits of water‐retention measures, including the potential for landscape cooling, lowering temperature gradients, and ecosystem restoration. As the world urbanises, and as more land is converted to homogeneous cropland, such measures may prove critical in mitigating climate change, landscape drying, flood runoff, and soil and nutrient loss.
Political ideology and consumers' preference for luxury goods versus luxury experiences
Authors: Shewani Yash S. , Chan Eugene Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrior work finds that politically right‐leaning, conservative consumers prefer luxury products more than their liberal counterparts. However, we theorize that this only holds for tangible luxury goods. For intangible luxury experiences, we propose that both conservatives and liberal consumers express a similar preference. This is likely because luxury products better convey status inequality maintenance than luxury experiences. Study 1 confirms conservatives' overall greater preference for luxury goods over experiences, which can be explained by their power distance beliefs, which we use as a proxy for status inequality maintenance. Study 2 compares luxury goods versus experiences against nonluxury products versus experiences, and affirms our hypothesis for luxury but not nonluxury products. By teasing apart luxury goods from luxury experiences, our findings offer nuances in the relationship between consumers' political ideology and their preference for luxury products.
Stretchable Self‐Healing Plastic Polyurethane with Super‐High Modulus by Local Phase‐Lock Strategy
Authors: Shao Jianming , Dong Xia , Wang Dujin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, a multiblock polyurethane (PU‐Im) consisting of polyether and polyurethane segments with imidazole dangling groups is demonstrated, which can further coordinate with Ni2+. By controlling the ligand content and metal–ligand stoichiometry ratio, PU‐Im‐Ni complex with vastly different mechanical behavior can be obtained. The elastomer PU‐2Im‐Ni has extraordinary mechanical strength (61MPa) and excellent toughness (420 MJ m−3), but the plastic PU‐4Im‐Ni exhibits super‐high modulus (515 MPa), strength (63 MPa), and good stretchability (≈800%). The metal–ligand interaction between polyurethane segments and Ni2+ is proved by Raman spectra, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polyurethane segments domain formed by microphase separation is dynamically “locked” by Ni2+ coordinated with imidazole, revealing a local phase‐lock effect. The phase‐locking hard domains reinforce the PU‐Im‐Ni complex and maintain stimuli‐responsive self‐healing ability, while the free polyether segments provide stretchability. Primarily, the water environment with plasticization effect serves as an effective and eco‐friendly self‐healing approach for PU‐Im‐Ni plastic. With the excellent mechanical performance, thermal/aquatic self‐healing ability, and unique damping properties, the PU‐Im‐Ni complexes show potential applications in self‐healing engineering plastic and cushion protection fields.
Are Virtual Objective Assessments of Fall‐Risk Feasible and Safe for People with Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Afshari Mitra , Hernandez Andrea V. , Nonnekes Jorik , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFalls are inherent to Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, and risk assessment is mandatory for optimal long term management.ObjectiveTo determine if the telehealth application of two observer‐based, objective measures of fall‐risk in PD—Five‐Times‐Sit‐To‐Stand (FTSTS) and 360° Rapid‐Turns‐Test (RTT)—is feasible and safe.MethodsFollowing in‐clinic training, 15 people with Hoehn and Yahr Stage 2 (n = 8) and 3 (n = 7) PD, median MoCA score 25 (range 14–29), and subjective freezing‐of‐gait (n = 13), participated in four televisits with care partners biweekly for 10 weeks where virtual FTSTS/RTT assessments were performed.ResultsParticipants completed all protocol‐driven 120 virtual FTSTS and 60 RTT assessments with effective ratability (feasibility) and zero adverse events (safety). 22% virtual FTSTS and 55% RTT met criteria for high fall‐risk designation.ConclusionsObjective fall‐risk assessment with virtual FTSTS and RTT through telehealth among HY2‐3 PD patients, with varying motor and cognitive function, is feasible and safe following introductory in‐clinic training.
Ultra‐fast dynamic nonlinear mechanism of Fabry–Perot cavity with femtosecond pumping
Authors: Shi Xueyang , Zhang Yu , Jiang Xunya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe numerically investigate the ultrafast dynamic nonlinear mechanism of an Fabry‐Perot (FP) cavity with femtosecond (fs) pumping by the transmission change of an incident signal pulse. The nonlinear effect simulated by a two‐level system model can decrease the dielectric constant. Therefore, the temporally transmitted pulse is compressed owing to the faster phase velocity, and a sloped change in the transmission spectra is observed, which can be explained by the mechanism of pulse deformation. In addition, we stretched a certain part of the temporally transmitted pulse to further demonstrate the deformation of the pulse mechanism. This dynamic nonlinear mechanism based on the FP cavity can not only be used to design new optical devices with ultrafast response times, such as pulse modulators and passive amplifiers, but can also be easily constructed and integrated, which has great practical applications.
Vendor‐neutral sequences and fully transparent workflows improve inter‐vendor reproducibility of quantitative MRI
Authors: Karakuzu Agah , Biswas Labonny , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Stikov Nikola 
Published: June 2022

PurposeWe developed an end‐to‐end workflow that starts with a vendor‐neutral acquisition and tested the hypothesis that vendor‐neutral sequences decrease inter‐vendor variability of T1, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and magnetization transfer saturation‐index (MTsat) measurements.MethodsWe developed and deployed a vendor‐neutral 3D spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) sequence on three clinical scanners by two MRI vendors. We then acquired T1 maps on the ISMRM‐NIST system phantom, as well as T1, MTR, and MTsat maps in three healthy participants. We performed hierarchical shift function analysis in vivo to characterize the differences between scanners when the vendor‐neutral sequence is used instead of commercial vendor implementations. Inter‐vendor deviations were compared for statistical significance to test the hypothesis.ResultsIn the phantom, the vendor‐neutral sequence reduced inter‐vendor differences from 8% to 19.4% to 0.2% to 5% with an overall accuracy improvement, reducing ground truth T1 deviations from 7% to 11% to 0.2% to 4%. In vivo, we found that the variability between vendors is significantly reduced (p = 0.015) for all maps (T1, MTR, and MTsat) using the vendor‐neutral sequence.ConclusionWe conclude that vendor‐neutral workflows are feasible and compatible with clinical MRI scanners. The significant reduction of inter‐vendor variability using vendor‐neutral sequences has important implications for qMRI research and for the reliability of multicenter clinical trials.
Genomic biomarkers to guide precision radiotherapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Sutera Philip , Deek Matthew P. , Van der Eecken Kim , Wyatt Alexander W. , Kishan Amar U. , Molitoris Jason K. , Ferris Matthew J. , Siddiqui M. Minhaj , Rana Zaker , Mishra Mark V. , Kwok Young , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Ost Piet , Feng Felix Y. , Tran Phuoc T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur ability to prognosticate the clinical course of patients with cancer has historically been limited to clinical, histopathological, and radiographic features. It has long been clear however, that these data alone do not adequately capture the heterogeneity and breadth of disease trajectories experienced by patients. The advent of efficient genomic sequencing has led to a revolution in cancer care as we try to understand and personalize treatment specific to patient clinico‐genomic phenotypes. Within prostate cancer, emerging evidence suggests that tumor genomics (e.g., DNA, RNA, and epigenetics) can be utilized to inform clinical decision making. In addition to providing discriminatory information about prognosis, it is likely tumor genomics also hold a key in predicting response to oncologic therapies which could be used to further tailor treatment recommendations. Herein we review select literature surrounding the use of tumor genomics within the management of prostate cancer, specifically leaning toward analytically validated and clinically tested genomic biomarkers utilized in radiotherapy and/or adjunctive therapies given with radiotherapy.