bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Defects
Authors: Scoti Miriam , De Stefano Fabio , Di Girolamo Rocco , Malafronte Anna , Talarico Giovanni , De Rosa Claudio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of propene–ethylene (iPPC2), propene–butene (iPPC4), propene–pentene (iPPC5), and propene–hexene (iPPC6) isotactic copolymers, prepared with single center metallocene catalysis, is described. Thanks to the perfectly random distribution of comonomers along the macromolecules, these copolymers can be considered as model for the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) that is mainly defined by the average length of the regular propene sequences. A model of the crystallization behavior of iPP is described based on the definition of a double effect of defects (stereodefects and comonomers), the interruption effect of defects excluded from the crystals that shortens the length of the crystallizable propene sequences inducing crystallization of the γ form, and the effect of inclusion of defects in the crystals of α form, γ form or δ form that induces the crystallization of the form whose lattice is less disturbed by the defect.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Soluble‐Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles in Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Jinjie , ul ain Hira Noor , Yu Xiaowang , Zhang Xuezheng , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA size‐controlled method has been exploited to synthesize 20 kinds of soluble‐conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) through cross‐coupling polymerizations between various combinations of symmetrical multifunctional monomers (Ax+By, x > 2, y ≥ 2). Unlike the classical polycondensation of these kinds of monomers where infinite polymer networks and insoluble polymeric products are typically formed, this confined polymerization in palladium nanoparticles‐loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres produced SCPNs with good to high yields, narrow particle size distribution, and high solubility in common organic solvents. The controlled size of SCPNs characterized with gel permeation chromatography shows narrow distribution and various molecular weight ranging from 2164 to 14 234 Da, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses range from 5 to 15 nm, suggesting the confined polymerization occurring inside of the mesopores. By simply adjusting the monomer structure and selecting an appropriate cross‐coupling polymerization method among Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, and direct arylation polymerizations, the obtained SCPNs show bright fluorescence emission varying from blue to red. The SCPNs with long alkyl chain substituents in monomer units show good processability and smooth polymer films are formed by the simple spin‐casting method. The repeatable and straightforward synthesis of SCPNs endows them with wide application prospects in light‐emission, fluorescence sensing, and bioimaging.
Combined germline pathogenic variants in FLCN and TP53 are associated with early onset renal cell carcinoma and brain tumors
Authors: van de Beek Irma , Glykofridis Iris E. , Wagner Anja , den Toom Dorine T. , Bongers Ernie M. H. F. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Johannesma Paul C. , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne E. J. , Wolthuis Rob M. F. , van Steensel Maurice A. M. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Houweling Arjan C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe present a family consisting of a father and his two children with an exceptional phenotype of childhood renal cell carcinoma and brain tumors. Extensive genetic testing revealed two inherited tumor predisposition syndromes in all three family members: Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome and Li‐Fraumeni syndrome. The corresponding genes (FLCN and TP53) are both located on the short arm of chromosome 17.MethodsWe describe the phenotype and performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of the tumors.ResultsAll examined tumors showed somatic loss of the wild‐type alleles of both FLCN and TP53.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that a synergistic effect of both mutations caused the unusual phenotype of childhood renal cell carcinoma in this family. This family emphasizes the importance of further genetic testing if a tumor develops at an unexpected young age in an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome.
Fractional myocardial blood volume by ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI: Estimation of ischemic burden
Authors: Colbert Caroline M. , Hollowed John J. , Nguyen Dylan N. , Duarte‐Vogel Sandra , Dahlbom Magnus , Hu Peng , Nguyen Kim‐Lien 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo investigate model‐fitted fractional myocardial blood volume (fMBV) derived from ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI as a measure of myocardial tissue hypoperfusion at rest.MethodsWe artificially induced moderate to severe focal coronary stenosis in the left anterior descending artery of 19 swine by percutaneous delivery of a 3D‐printed coronary implant. Using the MOLLI pulse sequence, we acquired T1 maps at 3 T after multiple incremental ferumoxytol doses (0.0–4.0 mg/kg). We computed pixel‐wise fMBV using a multi‐compartmental modeling approach in 19 ischemic swine and 4 healthy swine.ResultsIschemic myocardial segments showed a mean MRI‐fMBV of 11.72 ± 3.00%, compared with 8.23 ± 2.12% in remote segments and 8.38 ± 2.23% in normal segments. Ischemic segments showed a restricted transvascular water‐exchange rate (ki = 15.32 ± 8.69 s−1) relative to remote segments (ki = 17.78 [11.60, 26.36] s−1). A mixed‐effects model found significant difference in fMBV (p = 0.002) and water‐exchange rate (p < 0.001) between ischemic and remote myocardial regions after adjusting for biological sex and slice location. Analysis of fMBV as a predictor of impaired myocardial contractility using receiver operating characteristics showed an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 0.95). An MRI‐fMBV threshold of 9.60% has a specificity of 90.0% (95% CI 76.3, 97.2) and a sensitivity of 72.5% (95% CI 56.1, 83.4) for prediction of impaired myocardial contractility.ConclusionsModel‐fitted fMBV derived from ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI can distinguish regions of ischemia from remote myocardium in a swine model of myocardial hypoperfusion.
Risdiplam for the treatment of adults with spinal muscular atrophy: Experience of the Northern Ireland neuromuscular service
Authors: McCluskey Gavin , Lamb Siobhan , Mason Sarah , NicFhirleinn Grainne , Douglas Isobel , Tirupathi Sandya , Morrison Karen E. , McConville John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsRisdiplam is the newest available treatment for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is little information on its use in adults. We present the clinical experience of adults with SMA treated with risdiplam through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) in Northern Ireland.MethodsAll adults with Type 2 SMA attending the regional neuromuscular clinic were offered risdiplam treatment. Patients had assessments of respiratory function, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Quality of Life Measure for People with Slowly Progressive and Genetic Neuromuscular Disease (QOLM), and Egen Klassifikation 2 (EK2) every 3 mo and the Revised Upper Limb Module for SMA (RULM) at baseline and 6 mo. All assessments other than the RULM were carried out virtually.ResultsSix of seven patients who were offered risdiplam consented to treatment through the EAMS (five female, one male, mean age 33.7 y). It was generally well tolerated other than skin photosensitivity in all patients. All patients remained on therapy at 9 mo. All reported meaningful improvements in overall strength, sense of wellbeing, and speech quality. There was no change in respiratory function, daytime hypersomnolence, or upper limb function (all p > .05). There was improvement in the QOLM (p = .027) and EK2 (p = .009).DiscussionOur study raises hopes that risdiplam may be efficacious in adults; however, more systematic studies in larger cohorts are needed before drawing any definitive conclusions. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of virtual assessments.
Managing delirium in acute inpatient units: A cross‐sectional study of nursing teams' knowledge and perceived limitations
Authors: Martínez‐García Marta , Sánchez‐López Elena , Fernández‐Trinidad Miriam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to describe nursing teams' theoretical knowledge of delirium and their perceptions of the way in which it is handled in acute inpatient units.DesignThis is a descriptive cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire comprising ten questions on knowledge and seven on perception.MethodsThe sample consisted of 216 professionals working at a hospital complex in Madrid, Spain. Descriptive and non‐parametric bivariate analyses were performed for a p < .05.ResultsFifty‐three point two per cent of staff possessed sufficient theoretical knowledge, and this figure rose significantly among professionals with more years of experience. Areas for improvement in theoretical knowledge included the use of therapeutic immobilization, screening scale, subtypes of delirium and precipitating factors. Sixty‐eight point five per cent of staff perceived their knowledge as fair, 50% agreed that delirium was underdiagnosed and 48.1% agreed that preventive measures were only occasionally taken. Perceived barriers included lack of training, work overload, ineffective coordination and lack of standardized protocols.
Nanotheranostic Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Nguyen Anh , Kumar Sahana , Kulkarni Ashish A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite advancements in cancer immunotherapy, heterogeneity in tumor response impose barriers to successful treatments and accurate prognosis. Effective therapy and early outcome detection are critical as toxicity profiles following immunotherapies can severely affect patients’ quality of life. Existing imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or multiplexed imaging, are often used in clinics yet suffer from limitations in the early assessment of immune response. Conventional strategies to validate immune response mainly rely on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the modified iRECIST for immuno‐oncology drug trials. However, accurate monitoring of immunotherapy efficacy is challenging since the response does not always follow conventional RECIST criteria due to delayed and variable kinetics in immunotherapy responses. Engineered nanomaterials for immunotherapy applications have significantly contributed to overcoming these challenges by improving drug delivery and dynamic imaging techniques. This review summarizes challenges in recent immune‐modulation approaches and traditional imaging tools, followed by emerging developments in three‐in‐one nanoimmunotheranostic systems co‐opting nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and imaging. In addition, a comprehensive overview of imaging modalities in recent cancer immunotherapy research and a brief outlook on how nanotheranostic platforms can potentially advance to clinical translations for the field of immuno‐oncology is presented.
Validated high‐performance thin layer chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of rifampicin and quercetin in liquisolid formulation using fractional factorial design in robustness study
Authors: Tandel Devang , Patel Kalpana , Thakkar Vaishali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present research study focuses on the development of the high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method using the design of experiment approach for the simultaneous estimation of Rifampicin and Quercetin. Chromatographic separation was performed on Aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using chloroform:methanol:formic acid:ethyl acetate:benzene (4:1.8:0.3:1.7:1, v/v/v/v/v) as optimized mobile phase. A fractional factorial design was applied for the robustness study and the independent variables selected were mobile phase composition (A), solvent front (B), chamber saturation time (C), and wavelength (D). It was statistically revealed that the volume of ethyl acetate affected the Rf of both drugs resulting in stricter control of ethyl acetate volume compared to the other three variables. Rf for Rifampicin and Quercetin was 0.35 and 0.71 at 347 nm. The linear concentration range was 100–600 ng/band for both drugs. The %recovery ranged between 95.25% and 96.71% for Rifampicin and 95.33%–96.86% for Quercetin. The method was validated by determination of linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity according to Q2(R1) guidelines, and the %relative standard deviation values were less than 2% for both drugs. A simple, accurate, and reproducible high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed, for routine quality control testing of pharmaceutical formulation.
The Ukraine/Russia conflict: Geopolitical and international business strategies
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Ukraine and Russian conflict is one of the most pressing current global business issues. It has become a political and social issue that is influencing business practices around the world. While the topic is popular in the mainstream business press, there has been relatively little academic work on the topic. To address this gap, this article discusses the impact of the conflict on international business in terms of the perception by society about Ukrainian or Russian business activities. This means highlighting how a conflict can involve direct military intervention but also social interaction. This article reveals that there are many effects on global business stemming from the Ukraine–Russian conflict many of which are currently known, but others will be known in the future. Managerial implications are stated in the article that highlights the cultural and social impact of the crisis as well as future research suggestions for international business researchers that stress the importance of the conflict.
Effects of herbal extracts on mRNA expression of intrinsic antidepressant‐related candidate factor BNIP‐3 in cultured neuronal and glial cell lines: Relationship with the Kampo concept of Qi
Authors: Hosokai Haruka , Suzuki Rena , Zhao Qingfeng , Tohda Michihisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimIt has been reported that the expression level of BNIP‐3 mRNA increases by antidepressants and Hochu‐ekki‐To (HET), suggesting that BNIP‐3 may be a candidate depression‐related factor. Therefore, in order to examine the relationship between BNIP‐3 and Qi, the expression levels of BNIP‐3 mRNA were examined using 22 newly extracted crude drugs which were selected from the previous library results on 120 crude drugs in the neuronal cell line N18TG‐2 and in the glial cell line C6Bu‐1.MethodsBased on the results on 120 kinds of crude drugs in a cDNA library, 22 kinds were selected and newly extracted, and then cells were re‐treated with them for a secondary assay by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.ResultsMany of the herbal medicines contained in HET increased BNIP‐3 mRNA expression overall. On the other hand, in the results with especially the neuronal cell line N18TG‐2, the herbal medicines that make up Oren‐gedoku‐To (OGT) and San‐o‐shashin‐To (SOST) strongly showed suppressive effects on the expression.ConclusionSince HET clinically has the effect of raising mood, while an effect of OGT and SOST is to suppress the rise of mood, the result of this study may be of interest regarding the link between control of the direction of Qi and the expression of BNIP‐3 mRNA.
Computational protein design with data‐driven approaches: Recent developments and perspectives
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Chen Quan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA fundamental and challenging task of computational protein studies is to design proteins of desired structures and functions on demand. Data‐driven approaches to protein design have been gaining tremendous momentum, with recent developments concentrated on protein sequence representation and generation by using deep learning language models, structure‐based sequence design or inverse protein folding, and the de novo generation of new protein backbones. Currently, design methods have been assessed mainly by several useful computational metrics. However, these metrics are still highly insufficient for predicting the performance of design methods in wet experiments. Nevertheless, some methods have been verified experimentally, which showed that proteins of novel sequences and structures can be designed with data‐driven models learned from natural proteins. Despite the progress, an important current limitation is the lack of accurate data‐driven approaches to model or design protein dynamics.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
A Kolmogorov–Chentsov Type Theorem on General Metric Spaces with Applications to Limit Theorems for Banach-Valued Processes
Authors: Krätschmer Volker , Urusov Mikhail 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with moduli of continuity for paths of random processes indexed by a general metric space $$\Theta $$
Θ
with values in a general metric space $${{\mathcal {X}}}$$
X
. Adapting the moment condition on the increments from the classical Kolmogorov–Chentsov theorem, the obtained result on the modulus of continuity allows for Hölder-continuous modifications if the metric space $${{\mathcal {X}}}$$
X
is complete. This result is universal in the sense that its applicability depends only on the geometry of the space $$\Theta $$
Θ
. In particular, it is always applicable if $$\Theta $$
Θ
is a bounded subset of a Euclidean space or a relatively compact subset of a connected Riemannian manifold. The derivation is based on refined chaining techniques developed by Talagrand. As a consequence of the main result, a criterion is presented to guarantee uniform tightness of random processes with continuous paths. This is applied to find central limit theorems for Banach-valued random processes.
Biostimulatory effect of vermicompost extract enhances soil mycorrhizal activity and selectively improves crop productivity
Authors: Koskey Gilbert , Avio Luciano , Turrini Alessandra , Sbrana Cristiana , Bàrberi Paolo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Commercial production and the use of liquid vermicompost extract (LVE) is gaining attention as a technique that supports integrated soil-microbial-crop management for sustainable agriculture. However, the interaction effects of LVE, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and host plants on the delivery of agroecosystem services in alkaline soil have been less studied.

Methods
We carried out a 3-year field experiment in Central Italy, to investigate the short-term effect of LVE on soil mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP), AMF root colonization, and productivity of berseem clover, lentil, and sunflower. LVE produced in different years were screened for microbial properties using Illumina Miseq sequencing. LVE was applied at seeding, crop stem elongation and flowering stages. Control crops received water as a placebo.

Results
LVE bacterial communities were more diverse and showed a higher turnover between 2019 and 2020 than fungal communities. Diverse microbial groups, the majority of which belonged to phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Mucoromycota, were detected, including N-fixers (Flavobacterium, Malikia, and Citrobacter), P-solubilizers (Pseudomonas), and C-degraders (Tolumonas, Arcobacter, and Mucor). Notably, LVE treatment enhanced soil MIP and AMF root colonization in most crops, but selectively improved shoot biomass of berseem clover (+ 32%) and sunflower (+ 34%), and grain yield (+ 37%) and oil concentration (+ 5%) in sunflower, compared to the corresponding non-treated controls.

Conclusions
LVE had diverse groups of bacteria and a few fungal taxa, and its application enhanced mycorrhizal properties and selected growth- and yield-related variables in lentil, berseem clover, and sunflower. This could be due to LVE’s biostimulating effect arising from the vermicompost-associated microbiome and biomolecules.
Mimosine facilitates Fe uptake by Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata in alkaline soils by solubilizing Fe-oxides
Authors: Honda Michael D. H. , Borthakur Dulal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Giant leucaena is a tropical tree-legume that thrives in alkaline and calcareous soils. It contains large amounts of mimosine, the physiological role of which is not well understood. The goals of this study were to determine i) if mimosine is released by giant leucaena into the rhizosphere ii) if mimosine enhances solubility of Fe present in various forms in alkaline soil, and iii) if mimosine enhances transition metal uptake in giant leucaena.

Methods
Mimosine in the extracts of rhizosphere soil and root exudates was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to determine if it is released by giant leucaena. Iron concentration in tissue and aqueous samples was determined by ICP-OES analysis.

Results
Mimosine was detected in both the rhizosphere eluates and root exudates. Mimosine added to samples of goethite, hematite and FeCl3 increased Fe solubility in water. Giant leucaena plants grown in alkaline soils and supplied with mimosine had higher levels of chlorophyll, Fe and Mn than the control plants.

Conclusion
Mimosine is released by giant leucaena roots into the rhizosphere, where it interacts with Fe. Mimosine enhances solubility of insoluble Fe-oxides and prevents conversion of ferric Fe to insoluble oxides at an alkaline pH. Mimosine enhances Fe and Mn uptake in plants growing in alkaline soil conditions.
Cold Plasma Treatment Increases Bioactive Metabolites in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Sprouts and Enhances In Vitro Osteogenic Activity of their Extracts
Authors: Lee Mi Ja , Lee Hyun-Jin , Lee Yongjin , Yang Ji Yeong , Song Jong Seok , Woo So Yeun , Kim Hyun Young , Song Seung-Yeob , Seo Woo Duck , Son Young-Jin , Park Sung Il 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cold plasma treatment has been studied to enhance the germination, growth, and bioactive phytochemical production in crops. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of cold plasma treatment on the growth, bioactive metabolite production, and protein expression related to the physiological and osteogenic activities of oat sprouts. Oat seeds were soaked for 12 h, and then exposed to plasma for 6 min/day for 3 days after sowing. Plasma exposure did not significantly change the growth of oat sprouts; however, increased the content of bioactive metabolites. A single exposure for 6 min on the first day (T-1) increased the content of free amino acids (39.4%), γ-aminobutyric acid (53%), and avenacoside B (23%) compared to the control. Hexacosanol content was the highest in T-3 (6 min exposure on each day for 3 days), 28% higher than that in the control. Oat sprout extracts induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and osteoblast differentiation was enhanced by increasing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; all these effects were induced by plasma treatment. Avenacoside B content was positively correlated with ALP activity (r = 0.911, p < 0.1). These results suggest that plasma treatment has the potential to improve the value of oat sprouts and that it may be used in food fortification to enhance nutritional value for promoting human health.