bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Epidemic and Testing in the
Czech Republic in 2020
Authors: Carlos Sekera Jan , Ladislav Machala , Dagmar Dzúrová 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic determines the functioning of the healthcare system. The epidemic of HIV infection depends heavily on the effectiveness of the health system and its ability to test and deliver prevention and treatment.This study aims to determine the consequences of this pandemic on the development of HIV infection testing in the Czech Republic.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed data for two infectious diseases, HIV (2020 and 2015–2019) and COVID-19 (2020), in the Czech Republic. For the statistical comparison of 2020 with the earlier period, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and Poisson regression methods were used. Monthly HIV and COVID-19 indicators for 2020 were analyzed using correlation analysis. Results and Discussion: A significant difference was observed only in April (IRR = 0.81; p = 0.046) and July (IRR = 1.27; p = 0.023) between the number of HIV tests performed in each month in 2020 and the control period (average for the same months of the period 2015–2019).Significant differences between the observed periods were further identified for testing reasons. Correlation analysis of the number of tests performed on HIV and COVID-19 after 2020 showed a negative relationship (r = -0.261, p = 0.412).

Conclusion:
The study did not confirm statistically significant differences between the number of HIV tests performed in the pandemic year 2020 compared to the previous period, except for two months. The incidence and number of newly diagnosed cases did not differ statistically significantly from previous years (2015–2019).
Hydrophobically Modified Abelmoschus esculentus Polysaccharide Based
Nanoparticles and Applications: A Review
Authors: Upadhyay Prashant , Agarwal Shivani , Upadhyay Sukirti 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Nanomaterials are indeed a nanoscale technology that deals with the creation, evaluation,
fabrication, and utilization of systems at the nanometre scale by manipulating their size and shape. We
consider natural polysaccharides such as promising polysaccharides, which are biodegradable, nontoxic,
abundant, and inexpensive bio-polymeric precursors for preparing the materials of choice in various
industries. The aim is to review different methods to produce hydrophobically modified Abelmoschus
esculentus nanoparticles and study the evaluation processes of these nanoparticles as given in
the literature. It proved the benefits of derivatives of gum by introducing different chemical groups.
The chemical functionalization of gum mainly includes the esterification, etherification, and crosslinking
reactions of the hydroxyl groups and contains a special fibre which takes sugar levels in the
blood under control, providing a sugar quantity suitable for the bowels. Okra contains mucilage that
helps remove poisonous chemicals and bad cholesterol, often overloads the liver. Recovering from
psychological conditions, like depression, general weakness, and joint healthiness can be done with
Okra. Someone additionally applied it for pulmonary inflammation, bowel irritation, and sore throat.
Purgative properties okra possesses are beneficial for bowel purification. It is used to counteract the
acids. Fibre okra contains a valuable nutrient for intestinal microorganisms and ensures proper intestine
functionality. It also protects the mucosa of the digestive tract by covering them with an extra layer
because of its alkaline nature. Nanotechnology has emerged as a critical component of pharmaceutics,
with many applications in drug carriers of interest aimed at improving drug clinical outcomes
such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, wound care management, atopic dermatitis, cosmeceutical, etc. Beneficial
outcomes of this review are discussed briefly.
Correlation between Abdominal Obesity and Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Leila Rouached , Rawdha Tekaya , Aicha Ben Tekaya , Olfa Saidane , Selma Bouden , Ines Mahmoud , Leila Abdelmoula 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Obesity is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. The influence of abdominal obesity is not well studied. We proposed to determine the relationship between total abdominal obesity, pain, and functional impairment with the severity of radiographic changes in knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study including 92 patients with knee pain was performed. The evalua-tion of degree of pain in the knee was assessed by the visual analogue scale and the functional im-pairment by WOMAC and Lequesne indices. Radiographic severity was assessed by Kellgren and Lawrence score (KL score).

Results:
Mean age of patients was 55.2 years (19-86), with a predominance of women (80.4% of patients). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.66 kg/m2 (18.5-49.97). Obesity was found in 53 pa-tients (57.6%). The average waist circumference (WC) was 102.82 (± 15.51) centimeters. Ab-dominal obesity was found in 80 patients (87%). Patients had a mean visual analogue scale (VAS) of 18 ± 23.24 mm. The average algofunctionnal Lequesne score was 8.95 (0-23), and the WOMAC score was 26.82 (0-69). Fifty percent of patients had stage 3 of OA according to KL score. We found no association between BMI and intensity of knee pain (p = 0.278), but WC was significantly associated with the elevation of VAS (p = 0.008). Physical function was positively correlated with BMI and WC (p = 0.001). Finally, BMI and WC were significantly associated with radiographic se-verity (grade 1-2 of KL vs. grade 3-4 of KL) (respectively, p = 0.001; p = 0.017).

Conclusion:
Both obesity and abdominal obesity are independently associated with pain, disability, and radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis.
Response Shift as a Possible Obstacle in Assessing Perceived Quality
of Life and Burden of Care in Informal Caregivers of Individuals
with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Völker Jes Sebastian , Micluția Ioana V. , Hanga Adela-Melania 
Published: August 2022

Abstrtact:
Schizophrenia is one of the most common and devastating mental disorders. Due to
the possibility of relatively robust control over clinical symptoms, the focus of care for schizophrenia
patients has shifted from institutionalized to community-based outpatient treatment
options. While this change in paradigm allows affected individuals to socialize and take part in
everyday activities, it has also increased the burden on family caregivers. At the same time, the
interpretation of self-reported quality of life scores can be challenging due to known influencing
factors like changes in internal standards, values, and goals. We present the theory of response
shift as an adaptive mechanism that summarizes these complex changes and explains
the seemingly contradicting long-term findings regarding quality of life ratings in informal
caregivers.
This state-of-the-art narrative review was undertaken to give an overview of the most critical
factors that negatively impact the quality of life of caregivers and to summarize the current
evidence, if any, of the response shifts in nonprofessional family caregivers. To our knowledge
it is the first time that response shift and its impact on the quality of life in family caregivers of
patients is reviewed in this way.
COVID-19 Anxiety and Washing Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms:
Stress Coping Styles as a Mediator
Authors: Joekar Sanaz , Zanjani Zahra , Jandaghian Maryam , Alvani Seyed Reza , Ghorbani Vajiheh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's psychological functioning, including how the cope with anxiety. This study aimed to assess the role of coping styles on the relationship of COVID-19 anxiety and Washing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (W-OCD) symptoms.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed on 420 people living in Kashan city (Iran) from March to April 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method due to the difficulties brought about by COVID-19 and completed the contamination subscale of Padua Inventory, Covid-19 anxiety inventory, and coping strategies scale. Data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS- 22.

Results:
The results revealed that emotion focused, somatization and social support coping strategies were significantly associated with W-OCD symptoms. Also, there was a significant correlation between the Covid-19 anxiety with the W-OCD symptoms. SEM result revealed that emotion focused and somatization coping strategies positively mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and W-OCD symptoms.

Conclusion:
Emotion focused and somatization coping strategies increase W-OCD symptoms following COVID-19 anxiety. Psycho education interventions addressing COVID-19's physical and psychological impacts on health, discriminating the rational and adaptive behavior and obsessive and compulsive behaviors, restricting the information gathering from numerous sources which may lead to increased negative emotions might be helpful.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DAN UPAYA DALAM MENANGANI STRESS PADA DOKTER DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Syahidah Sumayyah Nurul 
Published: August 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia sangat berdampak pada kerja dokter dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Kasus aktif yang terus merangkak naik mengakibatkan para dokter yang terlibat langsung menangani pasien beresiko mengalami stress saat bekerja. Stress yang dirasakan diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor internal dan eksternal. Tujuan tinjauan sistematis adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab dan usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani stress pada dokter di tengah pandemi. Pencarian data basis sistematis menggunakan Springer Link, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan Mendeley. Kata kunci untuk mencari penelitian yang relevan antara lain: â€œStresâ€ dan â€œDokterâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€; â€œStresâ€ dan â€œTenaga kesehatanâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€; â€œPsikologisâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œDokterâ€; â€œTenaga kesehatanâ€ dan â€œCovid-19â€ dan Psikologisâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œPhysiciansâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œDoctorâ€;Â â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œImpactâ€ dan â€œStressâ€; â€œCovid-19â€ dan â€œPsychologicalâ€ dan â€œImpactâ€ dan â€œDoctorâ€; â€œPsychologicalâ€ dan â€œStressâ€ dan â€œDoctor.â€
A Biofeedback-Based Mobile App With Serious Games for Young Adults With Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Almeqbaali Mariam , Ouhbi Sofia , Serhani Mohamed Adel , Amiri Leena , Jan Reem K , Zaki Nazar , Sharaf Ayman , Al Helali Abdulla , Almheiri Eisa 
Published: August 2022

Background
Following the outbreak of COVID-19, several studies have reported that young adults encountered a rise in anxiety symptoms, which could negatively affect their quality of life. Promising evidence suggests that mobile apps with biofeedback, serious games, breathing exercises, and positive messaging, among other features, are useful for anxiety self-management and treatment.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of a biofeedback-based app with serious games for young adults with anxiety in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods
This study consists of two phases: Phase I describes the design and development of the app, while Phase II presents the results of a usability evaluation by experts. To elicit the app’s requirements during Phase I, we conducted (1) a survey to investigate preferences of young adults in the UAE for mobile games for stress relief; (2) an analysis of serious games for anxiety; and (3) interviews with mental health professionals and young adults in the UAE. In Phase II, five experts tested the usability of the developed app using a set of Nielsen’s usability heuristics.

Results
A fully functional biofeedback-based app with serious games was co-designed with mental health professionals. The app included 4 games (ie, a biofeedback game, card game, arcade game, and memory game), 2 relaxation techniques (ie, a breathing exercise and yoga videos), and 2 additional features (ie, positive messaging and a mood tracking calendar). The results of Phase II showed that the developed app is efficient, simple, and easy to use. Overall, the app design scored an average of 4 out of 5.

Conclusions
The elicitation techniques used in Phase I resulted in the development of an easy-to-use app for the self-management of anxiety. Further research is required to determine the app’s usability and effectiveness in the target population.
THE DIFFERENCE IN GRADE POINTS BETWEEN MORNING AND EVENING CHRONOTYPES AMONG PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Wangsa Cindy Leona , Prastowo Nawanto Agung , Juliawati Veronica Dwi Jani , Tjhay Francisca 
Published: August 2022

Background: Every person has a different diurnal preference, sleep-wake cycle, and alertness known as chronotype. There are three chronotypes, that is morning, evening, and intermediate type. Medical students with evening chronotype are still forced to follow the standard academic schedule in the morning, hence their sleep time is reduced. This problem results in lower grade points since sleep quality affects academic achievement. This study aimed to analyze the difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among medical students.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed among 102 preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences of Atma Jaya Catholic University Indonesia. All personal data, grade points, and chronotypes were taken using google form. Chronotypes and sleep characteristics were determined with Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) by calculating weekend mid-sleep time and sleep debt. Unpaired t-test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the statistical significance.Results: The results of evening chronotype 44.1% respondents, morning chronotype 31.4% respondents, and intermediate chronotype 24.5% respondents were obtained from 102 respondents. There were 65.7% of students with grade points greater than or equal to three and 34.4% lower than three. There was no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes on semester 1, 2, 3, nor grade point average 3 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT STROKE
Authors: Fauziah Rita Arsika , Amalia Lisda , Oktavia Nandina , Rakhmilla Lulu Eva 
Published: August 2022

Background: Stroke is a neurological emergency that requires prompt and precise diagnosis and treatment. However, errors in diagnosis and treatment are still frequently seen. One of the main causes of this problem is the lack of doctors’ knowledge. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among undergraduate medical students about stroke. The results of this study can be used as basic information to provide educational interventions to medical students to prevent and minimize the occurrence of medical errors. Methods: This study used a quantitative-descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The study subjects were third-semester medical undergraduate students at the Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University during the 2018/2019 academic year. Samples were 43 secondary data collected from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke Students Objective Oral Case Analysis (SOOCA) exam scores and 168 primary data collected using a 30-item questionnaire regarding stroke knowledge. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively and the result was categorized into 3 levels of knowledge: Good, moderate, and poor. Results: Each variable demonstrates a varying degree of knowledge. However, based on the total scores and averages collected from both the questionnaire and the SOOCA exam, most of the students had a moderate level of knowledge regarding ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Most of the students had a moderate level of knowledge about stroke, so educational interventions and student’s capabilities improvement are required to increase knowledge of stroke.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA COKELAT OLAHAN PADA INDUSTRI UKM SAKAYA DI KOTA PALU
Authors: Palamma Didin , Sulaeman Sulaeman 
Published: August 2022

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) is a cultivated tree originating From South America, from which cocoa beans are produced a processed product known as chocolate when developed throungh the Agro-industry. One of the well-known industries in Palu City today is the Sakaya SME Industry. The Sakaya UKM Industry produces unique chocolate products both in taste, packaging from, in terms of type, and the distinctive aroma of the chocolate. This study aims to determine how much the income level of the chocolate business in the Sakaya BTN Pengawu, West Palu, Palu City in January 2020. The thetermination of respondents in this study was carried out purposively, the selected respondents were owners and employees from both the
production and marketing departements of the industry. Sakaya UKM. The data used in this research comes from primary data and secondary data. The analysis used is Income analysis. The results showed that the income earned in November and December 2019 was Rp. 16.958.751. For Conventure chocolate. Convecture chocolate is produced every month according to consumer demand. From November to December, Convecture chocolate Demand was made so that the 2019 Sakaya UKM’s Conventure Chocolate income was quite good.
Esthetic Crown Lengthening Surgery – A 30-Year Retrospective and Lessons Learned
Authors: Robbins JW 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) surgery has been available to our profession for more than 30 years. The objective of this article is to discuss the author’s evolution in the techniques associated with ECL surgery. Several technical modifications related to initial incision, ostectomy, and tissue placement will be discussed. In addition, reasons for tissue rebound will be discussed.
Interfacial Bond Strength and Morphology of Sound and Caries-affected Dentin Surfaces Bonded to Two Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Al-Hasan RM , Al-Taee LA 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate the shear bond strength and interfacial morphology of sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD) bonded to two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) after 24 hours and two months of storage in simulated body fluid at 37°C.

Methods and Materials
Sixty-four permanent human mandibular first molars (32 sound and 32 with occlusal caries, following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System) were selected. Each prepared substrate (sound and CAD) was conditioned (10% polyacrylic acid) and bonded to Activa BioACTIVE Restorative (Activa) and Fuji II LC (F2LC) as per the manufacturers’ instructions. Shear bond strength (SBS) was performed after 24 hours and two months of storage. The interfacial surfaces were examined using a digital microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and independent T-tests were used for multifactorial analysis.

Results
Activa exhibited reduced bond strength values to sound and CAD in comparison to F2LC after two time periods (p=0.01). There is a pronounced enhancement in SBS of F2LC when bonded to CAD (p=0.01) after storage, with no statistically significant effect on sound dentin (p=0.309). Activa showed stable SBS to sound and CAD immediately and post-aging (p&gt;0.05). However, the evidence of mineral-like deposits under an SEM attached to the aged, debonded dentin surfaces, thereby obliterating the exposed dentinal tubules, might support the tissue repair potential of Activa.

Conclusions
The SBS of Activa was lower than F2LC when bonded to sound and CAD, but the bonding stability and sealing ability is advantageous in minimally invasive therapy, suggesting use with a resin composite coverage when used in stress-bearing areas.
Como dois estudantes de 22 anos puseram de pé o Sleeping Giants Brasil
Authors: Chicarino Tathiana Senne , Raíces Carlos , Segurado Rosemary , Ferraz Cláudia 
Published: August 2022

Ainda no início da preparação de seu TCC sobre fake news e discurso de ódio, o estudante de Direito Leonardo de Carvalho Leal, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (PR), leu na noite de 17 de maio do ano passado reportagem no El País Brasil sobre como o Sleeping Giants estava levando à falência vários sites de extrema-direita nos Estados Unidos, entre eles o Breitbart News de Steve Bannon. Eufórico com a descoberta, passou a madrugada pesquisando. De manhã, ele e sua namorada Mayara Stelle, também estudante de Direito da mesma faculdade de Ponta Grossa, ambos com 22 anos, já estavam com o Sleeping Giants Brasil no ar, com milhares de seguidores e forçando empresas a retirarem patrocínio de sites de extrema-direita que se financiam veiculando fake news e pregando o ódio. Nessa entrevista à Aurora, Leonardo e Mayara contam como tudo começou; a estratégia de convencimento das empresas e de desmonetização da indústria desinformativa; o rápido sucesso do movimento; as perseguições e ameaças que sofrem ainda hoje.
Jogos Olímpicos Tóquio 2020: uma análise correlata com a pandemia da COVID-19 e a vacinação.
Authors: Santos Thaina Pereira dos , Terra Ana Paula Macedo , Medeiros Diogo 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo debruçou-se em analisar o evento esportivo mundial denominado Jogos Olímpicos, em sua edição Tóquio 2020, sob a perspectiva da pandemia do Novo Coronavírus, a qual impôs diversas barreiras sanitárias como obstáculo à ocorrência do evento, assim como acentuou as gritantes diferenças entre as nações participantes dos Jogos, no que tange ao avanço da vacinação dos atletas. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante a análise de textos históricos e de importantes conceitos jurídicos presentes dentro do Direito Desportivo e do Direito Internacional, com objetivo de embasar os entendimentos alcançados. Os resultados alcançados foram o entendimento de que, tanto a historicidade dos Jogos, quanto seus pontos atuais contribuem para compreender os Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio. Ademais, a vacinação dos atletas brasileiros, olímpicos e paralímpicos, não somente beneficia os mesmos, mas atinge toda a sociedade brasileira, e por consequência, atinge o Olimpismo. A Pandemia da COVID-19 abarcou gritantes complicações em diversos eventos, entre eles os Jogos Olímpicos, os quais pelo tamanho da sua escala, necessitam de uma análise mais profunda, ao que pese o avanço da vacinação e as diferenças entre as nações participantes dos Jogos, demonstrando a atualidade do tema no Direito Desportivo conjuntamente com o Direito Internacional.
PENDEKATAN PENYULUHAN PARTISIPATIF DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL DI DESA KAMPUNG BARU KECAMATAN KOTA AGUNG
Authors: Hidayat Mansur 
Published: August 2022

In the perspective of social change based on the empowerment paradigm, development communication activities as a process of change are also carried out in a participatory manner. The process of participation and empowerment can be studied through awareness theory. a process of awareness to them about the circumstances of the environment, needs, desires, and abilities. The awareness process must be done through a dialogue process. While the process of dialogue is a continuous two-way communication process so as to find an understanding and understanding that form an awareness. This awareness will happen to the dialogue parties. Such parties can be individuals in the community as well as individuals in government institutions. Communication process is often referred to as a model of convergence communication. Implementation of participatory extension approach is the most appropriate approach to be used in the process of community empowerment, because besides it will naturally give rise to a collective awareness of the problem and its potential, it will also place the community as subject and responsible actors of change.