bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detoxification of Jatropha curcas cake by fermentation with a combination of three microbial strains and characterization of their metabolic profiles
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Chang Yaqi , Wen Min , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Tian Gang , Liu Guangmang , Cai Jingyi , Jia Gang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
Our previous study reported a strain that can detoxify Jatropha curcas L. cake (JCC), but the detoxification duration is long. This study intends to explore the efficient detoxification of JCC through multi-strain collaborative fermentation to accelerate the detoxification process.

Methods and Results
Mucor circinelloides SCYA25 strain that we previously reported can effectively degrade the toxicity of JCC, and the newly screened Bacillus megaterium SCYA10 and Geotrichum candidum SCYA23 strains were used to detoxify JCC. Different solid-state-fermentation (SSF) parameters were optimized by single-factor tests and response surface methodology. A detoxification rate established by zebrafish toxicity of JCC at 96% was achieved under the following optimized conditions: the combination ratio of B. megaterium SCYA10, G. candidum SCYA23 and M. circinelloides SCYA25 at 2:3:1, a total injection amount of 15.25%, a feed to water ratio of 1:0.68, a fermentation temperature of 30.3°C and fermentation duration of 21.5 days. The protein content of fermented JCC (FJCC) increased, while the concentrations of ether extract, crude fibre and toxins were all degraded considerably. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the fermentation increased the contents of neurotransmitter receptor modulator, emulsifier, aromatic substances and insecticidal compounds, as well as decreasing the contents of oxidative stress and neurotoxic substances. A rat feeding trial showed that the growth performance of the rats provided with the FJCC diet was similar to that of the corn-soybean meal group, and no lesions in the liver and kidney were observed.

Conclusion
The co-bio-fermentation process can effectively detoxify JCC and improve its nutritional value, which means it could be served as a protein feed in animal husbandry.

Significance
The combination of three microbial strains can detoxify JCC in a safe and effective manner to provide a great potential alternative to soybean meal. The research also suggests that metabonomics and bioinformatics are useful tools for revealing the bio-detoxification mechanism.
Credit, land and survival work in rural Cambodia: Rethinking rural autonomy through a feminist lens
Authors: Natarajan Nithya , Brickell Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores the trajectory of three rural, precarious Cambodian women as they deploy land as a means of undertaking survival work in Cambodia. Using a gendered lens vis‐à‐vis the concept of autonomy, this article rethinks distress sales of land and collateralized land for microfinance borrowing as forms of everyday autonomy. By highlighting women's central role in undertaking social reproductive labour to reproduce the rural household, these acts of distress land sale and debt‐taking are understood as forms of ‘survival work’, acts that ensure the day‐to‐day survival of the household and form the basis for broader projects of autonomy. Although we remain ambivalent about the long‐term prospects for resistance through credit‐taking in particular, we ultimately highlight the need for greater attention to variegated oppositional agency in the path to autonomy to understand the gendered labour of everyday survival in rural life.
Evaluating the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus infection in a large cohort of European blood donors, 2015–2018
Authors: Healy Katie , Freij Urban , Ellerstad Marie , Aulin Linda B. S. , Brückle Lena , Hillmering Helen , Chen Margaret Sällberg , Gustafsson Rasmus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in Europe. However, standardized methods for the surveillance of HEV viremia in the general population are lacking. This study aimed to compare the incidence of HEV among blood donors in two European countries, Germany and Portugal, during the period 2015‐2018. The seasonal distribution of HEV infection, as well as host risk factors including age, sex, and blood group phenotype were explored. A total of 191,236 donations from Germany and Portugal were tested for HEV RNA in plasma mini‐pools of up to 96 donations using an internally controlled reverse transcription real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) assay. The 95% cut‐off of the assay was 15 International Units (IU)/mL (CI 10‐35 IU/mL) as determined by dilution of the WHO International Standard for HEV RNA. Blood type was determined by agglutination and pattern recognition using the Beckmann Coulter PK 7300 AB0‐ and Rhesus‐Assay. The overall positivity rate was 0.09% with significantly more infections observed in the German cohort (p < 0.0001). Infections peaked in the summer months, and investigation of risk factors revealed that incidence was significantly higher amongst males (p = 0.0002), but was not associated with ABO or Rh(D) blood group phenotypes. No significant relationships between risk factors and viral load were observed. Our findings confirm that HEV infections are highly prevalent in Europe, even amongst otherwise healthy blood donors. Increasing awareness of the seasonal spread and risk factors for HEV transmission is of great importance for individuals susceptible to more severe forms of the disease, such as immunocompromised patients.
Second Language Vocabulary Learning through Ecologically Valid Classroom Practice Can Be Indexed by Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs). A Conceptual Replication Study
Authors: Vandenberghe Bert , Montero Perez Maribel , Reynvoet Bert , Desmet Piet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs) can index form‐, meaning‐, and use‐related aspects of the second language (L2) vocabulary knowledge, through, respectively, a lexical decision task (LDT, targeting N400), a semantic relatedness task (SEMREL, targeting N400), and a grammatical judgment task (GJT, targeting P600/AN). Yet, those findings were established in the context of either laboratory‐based or longitudinal word learning studies. Therefore, this conceptual replication study investigates whether LDT, SEMREL, and GJT could reveal the aforementioned ERP components in the context of an ecologically valid short‐term intervention representative of L2 classroom practice. Twenty Dutch‐speaking participants performed reading and writing tasks in a computer‐assisted learning environment. Target words were 20 real L2 French verbs. ERPs were recorded immediately after the learning sessions. Results showed N400 for form‐ and meaning‐related knowledge and P600 for grammatical use. We conclude that ERPs can index L2 vocabulary knowledge gained through ecologically valid classroom activities.
Stomatal opening ratio mediates trait coordinating network adaptation to environmental gradients
Authors: Xie Jiangbo , Wang Zhongyuan , Li Yan 
Published: May 2022

Summary

A trait coordination network is constructed through intercorrelations of functional traits, which reflect trait‐based adaptive strategies. However, little is known about how these networks change across spatial scales, and what drivers and mechanisms mediate this change.

This study bridges that gap by integrating functional traits related to plant carbon gain and water economy into the coordination network of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), a eurybiont that survives along a 3800 km environmental gradient from humid forest to arid desert.

Our results demonstrated that both stomatal density and stomatal size reached a physiological threshold at which adjustments in these traits were not sufficient to cope with the increased environmental stress. Network analysis further revealed that the mechanism for overcoming this threshold, the stomatal opening ratio, gratio, was represented by the highest values for centrality across different spatial scales, and therefore mediated the changes in the trait coordination network along environmental gradients. The mediating roles manifested as creating the highest maximum theoretical stomatal conductance (gsmax) but lowest possible gratio for pathogen defense in humid regions, while maintaining the gratio ‘sweet spot’ (c. 20% in this region) for highest water use efficiency in semihumid regions, and having the lowest gsmax and highest gratio for gas exchange and leaf cooling in arid regions.

These results suggested that the stomatal traits related to control of stomatal movement play fundamental roles in balancing gas exchange, leaf cooling, embolism resistance and pathogen defense. These insights will allow more accurate model parameterization for different regions, and therefore better predictions of species’ responses to global change.
Long‐term prevalence of taste and olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Reis Daiana , Sartoretto Suelen C. , Calasans‐Maia Monica D. , Louro Rafael S. , Moraschini Vittorio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to investigate the long‐term prevalence of taste disorder (TD) and olfactory disorder (OD) and associated risk factors in the non‐hospitalized southeastern Brazil population of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional open survey evaluated possible long‐term OD and TD in non‐hospitalized patients who had been diagnosed with COVID‐19 for more than 30 days, through an online self‐report questionnaire. Demographic data, comorbidities, symptoms, and the intensity of OD and TD at the time of diagnosis and at the time of completing the questionnaire were evaluated.ResultsThree hundred five responses were included. The reported prevalence of OD and TD was 72.9% and 67.4%, respectively, in the moment of diagnosis; after a mean follow‐up period of 179 days, 45% and 50% still had some degree of the symptoms. There was a positive correlation between age and the high prevalence of OD (p = 0.02). However, there was no correlation between age and TD (p = 0.961) and weight in relation to OD/TD (p = 0.500 and p = 0.636, respectively).ConclusionThis study observed a high long‐term prevalence of OD and TD associated with COVID‐19, with a low recovery rate during the study period. There was a positive association between older participants and the prevalence of OD.
A generalized bird pollination system in Schotia brachypetala (Fabaceae)
Authors: Kiepiel I. , Brown M. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Bird pollination systems are diverse, ranging from narrow‐tubed flowers pollinated by specialist nectarivores such as hummingbirds and sunbirds, to relatively open flowers pollinated by opportunistic (i.e. generalist) nectarivores. The role of opportunistic avian nectarivores as pollinators has historically been under‐appreciated. A key aspect to understanding the importance of opportunistic birds as pollinators is to investigate how efficiently they transfer pollen among flowers. Here, we document the pollination and breeding systems of Schotia brachypetala, a southern African tree known as the ‘weeping boer‐bean’ on account of its prolific production of dilute hexose‐dominated nectar. The cup‐shaped flowers of this tree attract a large number of bird species, including both opportunistic and specialist nectarivores.

We identified floral visitors using observations and camera traps and quantified the floral traits responsible for animal attraction. We documented the breeding system, used selective pollinator exclusion to test the contribution of birds to fecundity, and performed supplemental pollination to test for pollen limitation. Single‐visit pollen deposition trials were undertaken to determine the efficacy of bird pollinators.

Controlled hand‐pollination experiments showed that S. brachypetala is genetically self‐incompatible and therefore dependent on pollinators for seed production. Supplemental hand‐pollination experiments showed that natural fecundity is limited by either the amount and/or the quality of pollen on stigmas. Flowers from which birds but not insects were experimentally excluded set fewer seeds than open control flowers. Opportunistic birds deposited more pollen per visit than did specialist sunbirds.

We conclude that S. brachypetala has a generalized bird pollination system that mainly involves opportunistic nectarivores.
gsstSIM: A high‐performance and synchronized similarity analysis method of spatiotemporal trajectory based on grid model representation
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Juqing , Qiao Linwei , Zhang Yaoyuan , Lu Wenle , Zhang Chengye , Huang Qian , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExisting spatiotemporal similarity analysis methods for trajectories have the problems of spatiotemporal unsynchronization and low efficiency in processing large‐scale datasets, which cannot satisfy the increasingly urgent requirements of real‐time or quasi‐real‐time applications. To address these problems, this article proposes a grid‐based and synchronized spatiotemporal similarity analysis method based on the spatiotemporal grid model called gsstSIM. First, a low‐dimensional and multi‐scale trajectory coding representation is implemented based on the spatiotemporal grid model. Second, a synchronized spatiotemporal similarity measure is proposed based on trajectory codes. It transforms the similarity analysis from complex geometric calculations to simple algebraic operations of code sets, which reduces the computational complexity. In addition, the trajectory encoding representation with space‐time collinearity enables gsstSIM to measure the synchronized spatiotemporal similarity. Third, the efficient Multi‐scale grid index, called MSGrid, is established to realize fast query of top‐K similar trajectories for large‐scale datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that gsstSIM is more robust to noise positioning points and various sampling rates than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms STLCSS, TWS and SWS. It can achieve a second‐level response of spatiotemporal similarity query in processing large‐scale datasets, which is much faster than existing algorithms. The proposed method has promising to support the applications with high time‐efficiency requirements such as epidemic tracking and traffic condition calculation.
Preoperative computed tomographic evaluation of neonatal foals with rib fractures
Authors: Garrett Katherine S. , Embertson Rolf M. , Hopper Scott A. , Woodie J. Brett , McQuerry Kristen J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings in neonatal foals prior to surgical repair of rib fractures as well as postoperative outcomes in foals with and without preoperative thoracic computed tomography (CT).Study designRetrospective cohort study.Sample population43 neonatal foals undergoing surgical treatment of rib fractures between 2013 and 2021.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for age, sex, delivery method, comorbidities, presurgical anesthetic time, surgical time, number and location of fractured ribs identified with ultrasound and CT, number and location of ribs surgically repaired, survival to discharge, and post‐mortem findings. Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and t‐tests.ResultsTwenty‐two foals underwent surgical repair of rib fractures after preoperative CT from 2019–2021 (median: 4/18/20) and 21 foals were anesthetized (20 underwent repair) for surgical repair of rib fractures without preoperative CT from 2013–2020 (median: 4/9/15). Ultrasound and CT findings differed in number and location of fractured ribs in 13/17 (76%) foals (p = .049). More cranially positioned ribs were identified as fractured with CT than with ultrasonography (p = .035). Survival to discharge was improved when foals underwent CT (20/22, 91%) than when they did not (12/20, 60%, p = .019).ConclusionUltrasound findings differed from CT findings in most foals. Foals evaluated with CT were more likely to survive to hospital discharge.Clinical significanceWhen available, CT is recommended prior to surgical repair of rib fractures in neonatal foals.
Solving Three-Dimensional Path Planning Problem Using a Visibility-Based Graphical Representation of the Design Space
Authors: Masoudi Nafiseh , Fadel Georges 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Planning the shortest collision-free path among scattered obstacles is an NP-complete problem. As reviewed in this paper, a variety of deterministic as well as heuristic methods have been developed to address different instances of the problem. The focus of the deterministic methods is primarily on the optimality of the final solution and has been applied exclusively to regular shapes such as spheres or cubes. Nevertheless, due to the problem's intrinsic complexities (especially in 3D), researchers mainly resort to heuristics that offer acceptable (yet possibly suboptimal) solutions with reasonable resources. Therefore, less attention has been given to further the state-of-the-art in deterministic methods, which for 3D problems primarily focuses on approximating the solution. However, with the advancements in high-performance computing, we believe it is time to focus on solution quality. As such, this study aims to further the efforts in deterministic optimization methods for 3D path planning by overcoming some challenges of the existing methods and improving the optimality of the solution. The proposed approach is rooted in visibility-based planning methods where the obstacle-free space is modeled as a connectivity graph to be searched for the shortest path. The advantage of the proposed method in constructing the representative graph is that it does not make approximations to identify the graph nodes, unlike the existing methods. Nor does it limit the objects’ geometries to specific shapes such as blocks or spheres. The capability of the method in finding the shortest collision-free paths in environments cluttered with convex polyhedra is demonstrated using sample test problems.
Transmission Mechanism Combining Self-Excited Vibrations and One-Way Clutches
Authors: Yonezawa Norio , Tsuchiya Eiji , Toyama Tomoyuki , Mori Shigefumi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We propose a new transmission mechanism that is compatible with high-speed downsizing motors. This mechanism adopts the “pulse drive transmission” (PDT) principle. Similar to the electrical switching converter, the PDT principle allows variable velocity ratios regardless of geometry (cf. the radius relationship is essential for the gear principle as the geometry). According to this similarity, the PDT principle is expected to maintain low inertia even at large velocity ratios and to increase the amount of transmitted power by the dependence of transfer frequency on rotational velocity. Thus, the PDT principle is suitable for high-speed motors. This study employed self-excited vibration in the PDT principle to eliminate the engagement controls that caused problems at high speed in a previous study. Simulations and prototype tests demonstrated that the proposed mechanism, combining self-excited vibrations by magnetic nonlinear springs and one-way clutches, achieves the desired behavior based on the PDT principle and is capable of power transmission at several velocity ratios and rotational speeds. In particular, performance evaluations under steady-state operations showed that the maximum input torque, maximum power transmission, and maximum efficiency were 20.9 ± 0.18 N m, 1.0 kW, and 79.8%, respectively.
Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing: The Effect of Feed Region Density on Resultant Densities
Authors: Porter Quinton , Li Ming , Pei Zhijian , Ma Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This technical brief reports an experimental investigation on the effect of feed region density on resultant sintered density and intermediate densities (powder bed density and green density) during the binder jetting additive manufacturing process. The feed region density was increased through compaction. The powder bed density and green density were determined by measuring the mass and dimension. The sintered density was measured with the Archimedes’ method. As the relative feed region density increased from 44% to 65%, the powder bed density increased by 5.7%, green density by 8.5%, and finally sintered density by 4.5%. Statistical testing showed that these effects were significant. This study showed that compacting the powder in the feed region is an effective method to alter the density of parts made via binder jetting additive manufacturing.
Effect of Laser Forming on the Fatigue Behavior of Metal Foams
Authors: Zhang Tom , Lawrence Yao Y. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Metal foam is an excellent lightweight material with promising industrial applications. Laser forming has been studied and shown to be a viable non-contact method to shape metal foam panels into desired geometry without fracturing the foam’s cellular structure. However, whether laser forming alters the fatigue performance of metal foam has not been well understood. This study focuses on the tension-to-tension fatigue behavior of closed-cell metal foam before and after laser forming. Fatigue tests were conducted at different load levels on as-received and laser treated aluminum alloy foam with two different scanning patterns. Fatigue life were comparably tested and subsequently investigated, and fracture surface was closely examined to relate to the fluctuation in fatigue life and varying data scatter of fatigue life between as-received and laser formed specimen. Numerical models with equivalent foam geometry were used to investigate the strain distribution after laser forming, and helped to elucidate the fatigue life improvement after laser forming. Fatigue simulations where foam structure approximated with regular Kelvin cell was conducted demonstrate the effect of stress concentration on fatigue life. Generally, laser forming resulted in an improvement in fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy foam.
Energy Absorption Contribution Deficits in Participants Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Implications for Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Kovacs Trevor , Hannon Joseph , Wang-Price Sharon , Goto Shiho , Bothwell Jim , Singleton Steve , Dietrich Lindsey , Garrison J. Craig , Malafronte Jack 
Published: May 2022

Context: Lower-extremity loading patterns change after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there is limited research regarding energy absorption contribution (EAC) of athletes following ACLR who reinjure their ACL and those who do not. EAC can be utilized as a measure of joint loading during tasks. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Three groups of individuals (13 in each group) with matched age, sex, height, weight, and sports were enrolled. Data were collected at time of return-to-sport testing for the 2 ACLR groups. An 8-camera 3D motion capture system with a sampling rate of 120 Hz and 2 force plates capturing at 1200 Hz were used to capture joint motions in all 3 planes during a double-limb jump landing. Results: Participants in the ACLR no reinjury and ACLR reinjury groups had significantly greater hip EAC (55.8 [21.5] and 56.7 [21.2]) compared with healthy controls (19.5 [11.1]), P < .001 and P < .001, respectively. The ACLR no reinjury and ACLR reinjury groups had significantly lower knee EAC (24.6 [22.7] and 27.4 [20.8]) compared with healthy controls (57.0 [12.2]), P < .001 and P < .001, respectively. However, the ACLR reinjury group had significantly lower ankle EAC (15.9 [4.6]) than healthy controls (23.5 [6.6]), whereas there was no statistical difference between the ACLR no reinjury group (19.7 [7.8]) and healthy controls. Conclusions: Athletes who had a second ACL injury after ACLR, and those without second ACL injury, appear to have similar hip, knee, and ankle joint loading of the surgical limb at return-to-sport testing. Nevertheless, joint loading patterns were significantly different from healthy controls. The study suggests that EAC as a measure of joint loading during a double-limb jump landing at time of return to sport may not be a strong predictor for second injury following ACLR.