bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New results for cuscuton multi-field brane
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lobão A. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate braneworld models in the presence of the several scalar fields with generalized dynamics. A new mechanism to control the internal structure of brane in modified gravity is used to induce changes in the models in the presence of cuscuton dynamics. Examples with two- and three-field are considered, and we have found that the inclusion of the cuscuton can significantly alter the profile of the brane, causing unique changes in the warp factor, energy density, stability potential and the corresponding zero mode.
Population Density and Triage of Pediatric Firearm Injuries in a Rural Trauma System
Authors: Shaw Taylor B. , Cockrell Hannah C. , Carter Kristen T. , Mijalis Eleni M. , Buti Yusef , Sawaya David , Berch Barry R. , Kutcher Matthew E. , Morris Michael W. 
Published: August 2022

Background Rural pediatric firearm injuries require regional pediatric and trauma expertise. We evaluated county-level population density associations with transport, hospital interventions, and patient outcomes at a Level I pediatric trauma center serving a rural, statewide catchment area. Material and Methods The trauma registry of the only in-state pediatric trauma center was reviewed for firearm injuries in patients < 18 between 1/2013 and 3/2020. County-level population density was classified according to the United States Office of Management and Budget definitions for rural, micropolitan, and metropolitan areas. Results 364 patients were identified, including 7 patients who were re-injured. Mean age was 11.3 ± 4.5 y and patients were 79.4% male. 59.3% were transferred from a referring hospital. Median injury severity score was 5 (IQR 1-10); 88.0% required trauma center admission, and 48.2% required operative intervention. 7.4% were injured in a rural county, 46.4% in a micropolitan county, and 46.2% in a metropolitan county. Patients from rural counties were more likely to be unintentionally injured (72.0%) than those from micropolitan (54.4%) or metropolitan counties (44.0%, P = .04). While need for inpatient admission and length of stay were similar, those transported from rural counties had significantly longer transport times ( P < .01) and less frequent need for operative intervention ( P = .03), as well as trends toward lower injury severity ( P = .08) and mortality ( P = .06). Conclusion Management of pediatric firearm injury is a unique challenge with significant regional variability. Opportunities exist for outreach, telehealth, and decision support to ensure equitable distribution of resources in rural trauma systems. Level of Evidence Epidemiological, Level III.
Receiving Visits and the Relative Timing of Inmates’ Infractions: Investigations into how Inmates’ Behavior Change Before and After Visits in Dutch Prisons
Authors: Berghuis Maria , Sentse Miranda , Palmen Hanneke , Nieuwbeerta Paul 
Published: August 2022

Objectives This study tests the relative timing of inmate infractions in the weeks before and after a visit. Method Our sample is a cohort of 823 male inmates who participated in the Dutch Prison Visitation Study (DPVS) (2017) and had visitation and misconduct data. Using two-level random effects logistic regression models, we examined week-to-week associations between infractions and prison visits, including visits from partners, family, friends, and official visitors. Results The probability of an infraction is comparable to average levels in anticipation of visits, increases up to 18 percent in the weeks immediately following visits, and then returns to baseline levels. This pattern is found for contraband infractions, but no effects were found for aggressive infractions. Strongest effects were found for family and official visits. When inmates are visited frequently, the risk of infractions postvisit is similar to average levels. Conclusions The findings show that visits can have harmful effects on inmate infractions. These effects seem to stem from increases in contraband infractions. More research is needed to further understand the mechanism behind visits’ effects.
COVID-19 Mortality Rates in Los Angeles County Among People Experiencing Homelessness, March 2020–February 2021
Authors: Chang Alicia H. , Kwon Jennifer J. , Shover Chelsea L. , Greenwell Lisa , Gomih Ayodele , Blake Jerome , Del Rosario Aubrey , Jones Padma S. , Fisher Rebecca , Balter Sharon , Brosnan Hannah K. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Understanding COVID-19–related mortality among the large population of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Los Angeles County (LA County) may inform public health policies to protect this vulnerable group. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 on PEH compared with the general population in LA County. Methods: We calculated crude COVID-19 mortality rates per 100 000 population and mortality rates adjusted for age, race, and sex/gender among PEH and compared them with the general population in LA County from March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2021. Results: Among adults aged ≥18 years, the crude mortality rate per 100 000 population among PEH was 20% higher than among the general LA County population (348.7 vs 287.6). After adjusting for age, the mortality rate among PEH was 570.7 per 100 000 population. PEH had nearly twice the risk of dying from COVID-19 as people in the general LA County population; PEH aged 18-29 years had almost 8 times the risk of dying compared with their peers in the general LA County population. PEH had a higher risk of mortality than the general population after adjusting for race (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and sex/gender (SMR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5). Conclusions: A higher risk of COVID-19–related death among PEH compared with the general population indicates the need for public health policies and interventions to protect this vulnerable group.
Parents’ views on facilitating and inhibiting factors in the development of attachment relationships with their children with severe disabilities
Authors: Vandesande Sien , Steegmans Dorien , Maes Bea 
Published: August 2022

Being confident as attachment figures is not self-evident for parents of children with severe or profound intellectual disabilities (SPID) given the children’s limited clear communicative responses. The current study drew upon the Attachment Strengths and Needs Interview to get an overview of factors that parents identify as influencing their parent-child attachment relationships. Inductive semantic thematic analysis was conducted on 23 semi-structured interviews (including responses of 35 parents). These were the parents of children (1–9 years) with a severe or profound intellectual (or multiple) disability. The results showed that parents mentioned a large number of inhibiting and facilitating factors related to developing attachment relationships with their children. Adopting an ecological systems perspective, these influences were organised in a micro-, meso-, macro-, exo- and chrono-level. This implies that not only factors related to the child (and his/her disability) were mentioned, but also factors related to (amongst others) the parents, the parent-child and family interactions, the broader environment and policy. Concluding, from parents’ perspectives, it seemed that the factors influencing the (development of) attachment relationships can be positive and negative, are versatile, layered in different levels, interconnected and not necessarily linked to their children’s disability. Both generic factors across parents and specific factors, related to individual families, should be taken into account to provide tailored support.
Coverage and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Pregnant Women: An Experience From a Low-Income Country
Authors: Nazzal Zaher , Mohammad Ahmad , Qub Lama , Masri Hadeel , Abdullah Ibtesam , Qasrawi Hala , Maraqa Beesan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose to determine COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women and investigate the factors affecting vaccine uptake. Design Analytical cross-sectional study. Setting Palestinian health care facilities. Between October and November 2021 – eight months after the country’s first COVID-19 vaccination. Sample We needed 820 people to estimate vaccination coverage among pregnant women with a precision rate of 3%. Therefore, we invited 950 pregnant Palestinian women who were eligible and had a response rate of 91.6%. Measures An interviewer-administered questionnaire examined vaccination uptake, attitudes, and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. Analysis Bivariable and multivariable analysis using SPSS. Results vaccination uptake was reported by 219 pregnant women [25.5%, 95% CI: 22.6% −28.5%]. Knowledge (aOR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.1), perceived benefits (aOR=1.1; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16), employment (aOR=5; 95% CI: 3.1-8.1), and underlying medical condition (aOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.1) predicted uptake. Reporting vaccine barriers reduces vaccine uptake (aOR=.92; 95% CI: .89-95). Conclusions Pregnant women’s COVID-19 vaccination rates are low. Concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccine for infants affected their decision. COVID-19 vaccination regulations and legislative nudges drove maternal vaccination. Vaccine fears and misconceptions among pregnant women should be addressed.
Social-emotional and behavioural issues after very preterm birth: Parental and teachers experiences
Authors: Jansen Lisette , Steggerda Sylke , Rijken Monique , van Steenis Andrea , de Vries Linda , Peeters-Scholte Cacha , Vermeiren Robert , van Klink Jeanine 
Published: August 2022

Preterm infants are at risk of developing social-emotional and behavioural difficulties. To understand the experiences of their caregivers in day-to-day life, parents (at 2 and 10 years) and teachers (at 10 years) completed a behavioural questionnaire and answered two open-ended questions addressing their concerns and the most positive aspects regarding their child and/or pupil (born <32 weeks gestation). Their answers were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Parental concerns at two years related equally to themes in the clusters Developmental Milestones, Physical Development and Development in Relation to the Self and Others. At 10 years, both parents and teachers reported mainly within the cluster Development in Relation to the Self and Others, but the underlying themes differed. While parents more often mentioned their child’s emotional development, teachers were more concerned about their pupils’ difficulties interacting with their peers, due to a lack of social skills. In-depth qualitative analysis of what parents and teachers experience from day-to-day improves our understanding of the social-emotional and behavioural development of children born very preterm, revealing important topics that should be addressed during follow-up.
Effects of acteoside on the expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 in the diabetic nephropathy mice
Authors: Xie Ying , Lin Xin , Yuan Jing , Dong Rong , Yu Jiali , Zha Yan 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Immune inflammatory cells and cytokines play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Acteoside has been reported to regulate the inflammation and immune response. The study aims to investigate the effects of acteoside on the expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 on nephropathy in diabetic mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice in the model group were given a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (150 mg/kg). Model mice were divided randomly into two groups: 5 without treatment, 5 treated with acteoside. After continuous administration for 8 weeks, serum, urine, and kidney tissue were collected, then, ralated biochemical parameters, pathological characteristics and MCP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA or protein were detected. The NRK-52E cells were divided into three groups as follows: the normal control group (NC group), the high glucose group (HS group), the high glucose+acteoside group (HS+ACT group). The expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 in the mRNA and protein levels were assessed with RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. Results: The expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 were significantly enhanced in DN group and dramatically reduced after acteoside treatment. Compared with those in NC group, the expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 in NRK-52E cell of HS group were significantly enhanced, while both were significantly decreased in HS+ACT group compared with HS group. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Acteoside has protective effects on DN via inhibiting the expressions of MCP-1 and TGF-β1.
Effects of TMEM206 on the malignant behavior of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Ling , Feng Dou , Tan Jiajie , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system. Recently, transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) have been extensively studied in different types of malignant tumors. However, the influence of TMEM206 in hepatocellular carcinoma is unclear. The UALCAN database was used to investigate the expression of TMEM206 mRNA in liver cancer tissues and used the Human Protein Atlas (THPA) to study the expression of TMEM206 in HCC tissues. The expression of TMEM206 was measured in normal liver HL-7702 cells and HepG2, SMMC-7721, and Bel-7402 liver cancer cells. Next, a lentivirus was used to knockdown TMEM206 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, after verifying knockdown, we studied the effect of TMEM206 downregulation on the malignant behavior of HepG2 and on the PI3K/AKT pathway. TMEM206 was highly expressed in liver cancer cells ( p < 0.001). Downregulation of TMEM206 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2, significantly promoted the apoptosis of HepG2, and inhibited the expression of P-PI3K and P-AKT. TMEM206 can affect the malignant behavior of HCC. And the PI3K/AKT pathway was affected. This study provides new ideas for the treatment of HCC.
Differences in maternal and neonatal cardiometabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. The GESTAFIT project
Authors: Aparicio Virginia A , Baena-García Laura , Flor-Alemany Marta , Martínez-González Luis J , Varela-López Alfonso , Sánchez Cristina , Quiles José L 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To explore the differences in some maternal-neonatal metabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. Methods: One hundred thirty-nine Caucasian pregnant women from the GESTAFIT project and their new-borns were included in the present cross-sectional study. Serum cardiometabolic markers (i.e. lipid and glycaemic profile and uric acid) were analysed at late pregnancy and at birth. In placenta, telomeres length, proportion of deleted mitochondrial-DNA and mitochondrial-DNA density, some minerals and interleukin 8, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The study was run between November 2015 and April 2018. Results: Mothers carrying a male showed higher serum triglycerides than mothers carrying a female at late pregnancy ( p < .05). Serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were greater in males’ umbilical cord blood artery compared to females’ new-borns (both, p < .05). Mothers of males and male new-borns presented higher uric acid than mothers of females and female new-borns at birth ( p < .05). Female’s placentas presented greater placental-newborn weight ratio, manganese content and fibroblast growth factor-2 (all, p ⩽ .05), and evidence of statistical significance in telomeres length, which were 17% longer ( p = .076). Conclusion: Our findings show weak differences in some cardiometabolic and placental status markers by foetal sex. Notwithstanding, we observed a slightly more proatherogenic profile in both, mothers carrying males’ foetuses and male new-borns. We also found lower serum uric acid and better placenta status in mothers carrying a female. These findings indicate that foetal sex might need to be considered for a more personalized follow-up of pregnancies.
The Predictive Value of Early Postoperative MRI-Based Bone Marrow Parameters for Mid-Term Outcome after MACI with Autologous Bone Grafting at the Knee
Authors: Jung Matthias , Ruschke Stefan , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Holwein Christian , Baum Thomas , Gersing Alexandra S. , Bamberg Fabian , Jungmann Pia M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to longitudinally determine the prognostic value of early postoperative quantitative 3T-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) parameters of subchondral bone marrow for 2-year clinical and MRI outcome after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) with autologous bone grafting (ABG) at the knee. Design Consecutive subjects who received MACI with ABG for treatment of focal osteochondral defects received MRI follow-up 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Quantitative MRI included bone marrow edema-like lesion (BMEL) volume measurements and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS; n = 9) of the subchondral bone marrow. At 2-year follow-up, morphological MRI outcome included MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) 2.0 scores. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Lysholm scores. Results Among a total of 18 subjects (mean age: 28.7 ± 8.4 years, n = 14 males) with defects at the medial or lateral ( n = 15 and n = 3, respectively) condyle, mean BMEL volume decreased from 4.9 cm3 at 3 months to 2.0 cm3 at 2-year follow-up ( P = 0.040). MRS-based bone marrow water T2 showed a decrease from 20.7 ms at 1-year follow-up to 16.8 ms at 2-year follow-up ( P = 0.040). Higher BMEL volume at 6 months correlated with lower 2-year Lysholm (R = −0.616, P = 0.015) and MOCART 2.0 scores (R = −0.567, P = 0.027). Larger early postoperative BMEL volumes at 3 months (R = −0.850, P = 0.007) and 6 months (R = −0.811, P = 0.008) correlated with lower MRS-based unsaturated lipid fractions at 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, patients with early postoperative bony defects showed worse MOCART 2.0 ( P = 0.044) and Lysholm scores ( P = 0.017) after 24 months. Conclusion Low subchondral BMEL volume and optimal restoration of the subchondral bone at early postoperative time points predict better 2-year clinical and MRI outcomes after MACI with ABG.
Household Income and Older Adult Population Predict Number of Integrative Medicine Providers Around US Hospitals: An Environmental Scan Study
Authors: Hill Jacob D. , Schmucker Abigail M. , Siman Nina , Goldfeld Keith S. , Cuthel Allison M. , Adeyemi Oluwaseun J. , Edwards Eliot , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: August 2022

Background Integrative medicine (IM) is a growing subspecialty among the American healthcare system, but little is known about geographical and sociodemographic variability in access to services. Objective To better understand access to IM healthcare services, we aim to: 1.) document the number of IM providers within the hospital service area (HSA) of various hospitals across the United States (US) and, 2.) explore the relationship between age, income, and race as predictors of the number of IM providers. Methods We conducted an environmental scan to document the number of IM providers including naturopathic, acupuncture, chiropractic, and massage therapy providers within the HSA of 16 US hospitals using state and national search databases. We examined predictors of the number of providers per HSA using population and demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Search database quality was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index. Results The number of IM providers varied from 11.6 – 67.4 providers/100,000 persons. Massage therapists were the most prevalent (n = 13.8/100,000), followed by chiropractors (n = 5.2/100,000), acupuncturists (n = 4.6/100,000), and naturopathic physicians (n = .5/100,000). Higher average household income and population >65 years old were associated with more IM providers within an HSA (Rate Ratio (RR) 4.22, 95% CI 1.49-12.01; and 1.14, 1.05 - 1.24, respectively). In addition, the quality of publicly available search databases varied widely among US states (4.84 - 8.00/10), but less so among IM provider types (6.21 - 7.57/10). Conclusions The high variability in number of IM providers and search database quality among various HSAs across the US warrants further investigation into factors influencing access to services. Our findings regarding income and older adult population raise concern for inequitable access to care, but are also promising when considering the increasing demand for healthcare services among the older adult population.
Validation of the UK English Oxford cognitive screen-plus in sub-acute and chronic stroke survivors
Authors: Webb Sam S , Hobden Georgina , Roberts Rebecca , Chiu Evangeline G , King Sarah , Demeyere Nele 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Stroke survivors are routinely screened for cognitive impairment with tools that often fail to detect subtle impairments. The Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus (OCS-Plus) is a brief tablet-based screen designed to detect subtle post-stroke cognitive impairments. We examined its psychometric properties in two UK English-speaking stroke cohorts (subacute: <3 months post-stroke, chronic: >6 months post-stroke) cross-sectionally. Patients and methods: This study included 347 stroke survivors (mean age = 73 years; mean education = 13 years; 43.06% female; 74.42% ischaemic stroke). The OCS-Plus was completed by 181 sub-acute stroke survivors and 166 chronic stroke survivors. All participants also completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) and a subset completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and further neuropsychological tests. Results: First, convergent construct validity of OCS-Plus tasks to task-matched standardized neuropsychological tests was confirmed ( r > 0.30). Second, we evaluated divergent construct validity of all OCS-Plus subtasks ( r < 0.19). Third, we report the sensitivity and specificity of each OCS-Plus subtask compared to neuropsychological test performance. Fourth, we found that OCS-Plus detected cognitive impairments in a large proportion of those classed as unimpaired on MoCA (100%) and OCS (98.50%). Discussion and conclusion: The OCS-Plus provides a valid screening tool for sensitive detection of subtle cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Indeed, the OCS-Plus detected subtle cognitive impairment at a similar level to validated neuropsychological assessments and exceeded detection of cognitive impairment compared to standard clinical screening tools.
The Role of Transrectal Sonography in Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cattle
Authors: Bagley Jennifer Elaine , Richter Michelle P. , Lane Taylor Jo 
Published: August 2022

Objective: A reproduction management strategy is an essential component of any cattle production operation. Options include palpation per rectum, transrectal sonography, or biochemical blood tests. To determine the best method, veterinary costs must be weighed against operational costs of maintaining open cattle. Materials and Methods: An online literature search using PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, and Google Scholar was completed to find relevant articles regarding pregnancy detection in cattle, costs of reproductive management in cattle, and pregnancy loss in cattle. Priority was given to original research articles pertaining to palpation per rectum, transrectal ultrasound, fetal gender, and pregnancy loss. Results: Transrectal sonography can detect a pregnancy up to 15 days earlier than palpation per rectum and has sensitivities and specificities as high as 97% when performed between days 21 and 35 post artificial insemination. Conclusion: Cattle producers can be confident that transrectal sonography is a useful tool in the beef and dairy cattle industry. Its use facilitates reproductive management decisions, such as re-breeding or culling, thus reducing expenses, and increasing profitability.