bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating R0 from early exponential growth: parallels between 1918 influenza and 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics
Authors: Foster Grant , Elderd Bret D , Richards Robert L , Dallas Tad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The large spatial scale, geographical overlap, and similarities in transmission mode between the 1918 H1N1 influenza and 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics together provide a novel opportunity to investigate relationships between transmission of two different diseases in the same location. To this end, we use initial exponential growth rates in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to estimate the basic reproductive number, R0, of both disease outbreaks in a common set of 43 cities in the United States. By leveraging multiple epidemic time series across a large spatial area, we are able to better characterize the variation in R0 across the United States. Additionally, we provide one of the first city-level comparisons of R0 between these two pandemics and explore how demography and outbreak timing are related to R0. Despite similarities in transmission modes and a common set of locations, R0 estimates for COVID-19 were uncorrelated with estimates of pandemic influenza R0 in the same cities. Also, the relationships between R0 and key population or epidemic traits differed between diseases. For example, epidemics that started later tended to be less severe for COVID-19, while influenza epidemics exhibited an opposite pattern. Our results suggest that despite similarities between diseases, epidemics starting in the same location may differ markedly in their initial progression.
Disloyal Managers and Shareholders’ Wealth
Authors: Fich Eliezer M , Harford Jarrad , Tran Anh L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A duty of loyalty prohibits fiduciaries from appropriating business opportunities from their companies. Starting in 2000, Delaware, followed by several other states, allowed boards to waive their duty. We show that public firms covered by waiver laws invest less in R&D, produce fewer and less valuable patents, and exhibit abnormally high inventor departures. Remaining innovation activities contribute less to firm value, a fact confirmed by the market reaction when firms reveal their curtailed internal growth opportunities by announcing acquisitions. Consistent with the laws’ intent to provide contracting flexibility to emerging firms, we find evidence of positive impacts for small firms.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A Network Approach to Trauma, Dissociative Symptoms, and Psychosis Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Schlesselmann Ante J , Huntjens Rafaele J C , Renard Selwyn B , McNally Richard J , Albers Casper J , De Vries Vera E , Pijnenborg G H Marieke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDissociative experiences commonly occur in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Yet little is known about how dissociative experiences in SSD are related to SSD symptoms. Accordingly, we investigated the relations between dissociative experiences and SSD symptoms, focusing on symptoms bridging these 2 symptom clusters as well as their relation to reported trauma history.Study DesignNetwork analyses were conducted on the responses of 248 individuals with an SSD who enrolled from multiple mental health centers in The Netherlands. Dissociative experiences were assessed via the Dissociative Experience Scale, SSD symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and trauma history through the Trauma History Questionnaire.Study ResultsThe results indicated that dissociative symptoms in SSD are mostly independent of other symptoms, but that emotional distress bridges between the dissociative and SSD symptom clusters. Furthermore, results revealed associations between positive and negative SSD symptoms and trauma through emotional distress, whereas dissociative symptoms remained relatively isolated.ConclusionBecause SSD symptoms and dissociative experiences clustered relatively independent from each other, our findings promote the idea of tailored treatment approaches for individuals with an SSD with frequent dissociative experiences, specifically targeting these symptoms.
Environmental policy and R&D productivity: A case study from the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Mo Jung Youn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between emissions trading schemes and Research and Development (R&D) productivity based on data from manufacturing industries participating in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS). First, this study estimates the total factor R&D productivity by industry, and it is confirmed that changes in R&D productivity vary across industries. The total factor R&D productivity in Korea has been decreasing, but the annual growth trend has been increasing rapidly due to the introduction of the KETS. Based on the estimated R&D productivity, panel data model estimation is executed to reveal the effect of environmental policy on R&D productivity. Empirical results confirm that environmental policy plays a vital role in promoting R&D productivity, and policy stringency affects R&D performance. The results also find that the environmental policy encourages enterprises to participate in KETS for improving R&D productivity.
Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase Inhibits Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Drives Dendritic Cell Differentiation via STAT3/5 Signaling
Authors: Luanpitpong Sudjit , Rodboon Napachai , Samart Parinya , Janan Montira , Klaihmon Phatchanat , Lorthongpanich Chanchao , U-Pratya Yaowalak , Issaragrisil Surapol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Myeloid differentiation blockage at immature and self-renewing stages is a common hallmark across all subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), despite their genetic heterogeneity. Metabolic state is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation as well as several aggressive cancers. However, how O-GlcNAcylation, a nutrient-sensitive posttranslational modification of proteins, contributes to both normal myelopoiesis and AML pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Using small molecule inhibitors and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we reveal for the first time that inhibition of either OGA or OGT, which subsequently caused an increase or decrease in cellular O-GlcNAcylation, inhibits the self-renewal and maintenance of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukemic stem/progenitor cells and drives normal and malignant myeloid differentiation. We further unveiled the distinct roles of OGA and OGT inhibition in lineage-specific differentiation. While OGT inhibition induces macrophage differentiation, OGA inhibition promotes the differentiation of both CD34+ HSPCs and AML cells into dendritic cells (DCs), in agreement with an upregulation of a multitude of genes involved in DC development and function and their ability to induce T-cell proliferation, via STAT3/5 signaling. Our novel findings provide significant basic knowledge that could be important in understanding AML pathogenesis and overcoming differentiation blockage—agnostic to the genetic background of AML. Additionally, the parallel findings in normal HSPCs may lay the groundwork for future cellular therapy as a means to improve the ex vivo differentiation of normal DCs and macrophages.
Impact of Nutrition on the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients: An Integrative Review
Authors: da Silveira Julia Braga , Teixeira Gabrielle Mello , Baron Miriam Viviane , Caron-Lienert Rafaela Siviero 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To review the main scientific evidence on nutrition in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries (PIs) in critically ill adult patients.

DATA SOURCES
The searches were carried out in several scientific databases, namely, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Public MEDLINE (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Web of Science. The MeSH terms used were “pressure injury”, “nutrition”, and “intensive care”.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies published between January 1, 2005, and July 1, 2020, were included. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The searches were carried out in August 2020. The authors selected studies available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two independent researchers conducted the searches and read the article titles and abstracts. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were fully evaluated. Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by consensus, and when there was no consensus, a senior researcher was consulted. Data extraction was performed using a standardized form.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Level-of-evidence analysis according to the type of study followed the classification proposed by the Oxford Center Evidence-Based Medicine. The evidence available on the use of standard enteral nutrition therapy and enteral nutrition therapy enriched with hyperprotein and hypercaloric nutrition supplements as well as the addition of zinc, eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and vitamins (A, C, D, and E) is limited in terms of supporting a specific nutrition support modality in the prevention and treatment of PI in the intensive care population.

CONCLUSIONS
Malnutrition negatively impacts both the prevention and healing of PIs. The evidence available on the use of standard enteral nutrition therapy versus enrichment with nutrition supplements is too limited to support a specific nutrition modality in the prevention and treatment of PI in the intensive care population.
The impact of foot massage given to postmenopausal women on anxiety, fatigue, and sleep: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Gökbulut Nilay , Ibici Akça Emine , Karakayali Ay Çiğdem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to determine the impact of foot massage given to postmenopausal women on anxiety, fatigue, and sleep.

Methods
This randomized-controlled study was conducted with 70 women (35 experimental, 35 control) who resided in a village located in Northern Turkey. In the study, the women in the experimental group were given foot massage once every day for 7 days. No intervention was applied to the women in the control group. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage distribution, median, and Q1-Q3), χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test were used in the analysis of the data.

Results
It was found that the women in the control group had lower pretest BAI scores than those in the experimental group (P < 0.05), whereas before the foot massage intervention, the women in the experimental and control groups had similar FSS scores and sleep hours (P > 0.05). After the foot massage, the FSS scores were 2.3 (1.6‐3.4) in the experimental group and 5.5 (4.6‐6.2) in the control group, the BAI scores were 26.0 (23.0‐29.0) in the experimental group and 36.0 (31.0‐43.0) in the control group, the daily sleep hours were 8.0 (8.0‐10.0) in the experimental group and 7.0 (6.0‐8.0) in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
It was determined that foot massage applied during menopause increases the average daily sleep duration (hours) and reduces women's fatigue and anxiety levels.
Enteric Permeability, Systemic Inflammation, and Post-Discharge Growth Among a Cohort of Hospitalized Children in Kenya and Pakistan
Authors: Tickell Kirkby D. , Denno Donna M. , Saleem Ali , Ali Asad , Kazi Zaubina , Singa Benson O. , Otieno Catherine , Mutinda Charles , Ochuodho Victor , Richardson Barbra A. , Ásbjörnsdóttir Kristjana H. , Hawes Stephen E. , Berkley James A. , Walson Judd L. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To determine whether gut permeability is associated with post-discharge growth and systemic inflammation among hospitalized children in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods:
Children aged 2–23 months being discharged from Civil Hospital Karachi (Pakistan) and Migori County Referral Hospital (Kenya) underwent lactulose-rhamnose ratio (LRR) permeability testing and were compared to age-matched children from their home communities. Linear mixed effect models estimated the associations between LRR among discharged children with change in length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-age z score (WAZ) at 45, 90, and 180 days after discharge. Linear regression tested if relationships between LRR, systemic inflammation [C-reative protein (CRP), Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14), Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and enterocyte damage [Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding protein (I-FABP)] differed between the hospitalized and community groups.

Results:
One hundred thirty-seven hospitalized and 84 community participants were included. The hospitalized group had higher log-LRR [0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.71, P = 0.003] than the community children. Adjustment for weight-for-length z score at discharge attenuated this association (0.31, 95% CI: 0.00–0.62, P = 0.049). LRR was not associated with changes in WAZ or LAZ in the post-discharge period. Associations between LRR and CRP (interaction P = 0.036), TNFα (P = 0.017), CD14 (P = 0.078), and IL-6 (P = 0.243) differed between community and hospitalized groups. LRR was associated with TNFα (P = 0.004) and approached significance with CD14 (P = 0.078) and IL-6 (P = 0.062) in community children, but there was no evidence of these associations among hospitalized children.

Conclusions:
Although increased enteric permeability is more prevalent among children being discharged from hospital compared to children in the community, it does not appear to be an important determinant of systemic inflammation or post-discharge growth among hospitalized children.
Measurement of Stricture Dimensions Using a Visual Comparative Estimation Method With Biopsy Forceps During Endoscopy
Authors: Yasuda Jessica L. , Staffa Steven J. , Taslitksy Gabriela , Ngo Peter D. , Manfredi Michael A. 
Published: September 2022

Background:Estimation of the dimensions of endoscopic findings such as stricture diameter is largely subjective. Accurate assessment of stricture dimensions has multiple benefits including facilitating the choice of appropriately sized endoscopic therapies for treating stricture, properly tracking response to endoscopic therapies between procedures, and potentially even predicting outcomes of endoscopic therapy.Methods:Endoscopies performed in children with repaired esophageal atresia between August 2019 and August 2021 for which both (1) an endoscopic estimate of esophageal stricture diameter obtained by visual comparison with the known dimensions of the biopsy forceps and (2) an intraoperative esophageal fluoroscopy study were performed were included for analysis. Fluoroscopic stricture diameter measurements were manually obtained using a software ruler tool calibrated to the known dimensions of the intraluminal endoscope. Statistical concordance was calculated between the visual diameter estimates and the standard fluoroscopic stricture measurements.Results:One hundred ninety‐one endoscopies were included for analysis. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.89–0.94) between the visual diameter estimates and the fluoroscopic stricture measurements. Correlation was strongest for smaller to mid‐sized stricture diameters.Conclusions:Use of the biopsy forceps as a visual reference of known dimensions enables accurate visual estimation of esophageal stricture diameter during endoscopy using commonly available tools, with high concordance with standard fluoroscopic measurement techniques.
Increased Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts Disease Severity and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Huang Lu 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) have been recently investigated as novel inflammatory and prognostic markers. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and SIRI index and severity of stroke, and to analyze the prognostic value in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods:
The SII is defined as platelet×(neutrophil count/lymphocyte count), SIRI is defined as neutrophil count×(monocyte count/lymphocyte count). We plotted receiver operating characteristic curves of SII and SIRI for poor outcomes and calculated area under the curve (AUC) values and cutoff values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between SII/SIRI index and poor functional outcome.

Results:
We included 234 AIS patients [mean age 69 (57-78) years; 50.4% male]. Both SII and SIRI were higher in the moderate-to-severe stroke group than in the mild stroke group [932.73 (569.84-1610.90) vs. 581.21 (386.98-1015.59), P<0.001 and 2.00 (1.24-3.13) vs. 1.35 (0.83-1.92), P <0.001]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) value of SII (0.678, 0.608-0.748, P<0.001) tested a similar discriminatory ability compared with SIRI (0.682, 95% CI (0.612-0.751), P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that SII was significantly associated with poor prognosis at discharge of AIS patients [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.350 (1.149-4.803), P=0.019)], conversely, SIRI had no prognostic value.

Conclusions:
Higher SII and SIRI indexes were correlated with greater risk of stroke severity, meanwhile SII could be useful for predicting adverse clinical outcomes after AIS.
Chronic Endometritis: Diagnostic Considerations in Patients With Infertility
Authors: Lee Sandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a controversial clinical and pathological entity. Although the presence of plasma cells (PCs) is the most frequently used diagnostic criterion for CE, the minimal diagnostic criteria remain controversial and undefined. The clinical setting of CE (asymptomatic, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility) is an important consideration regarding the clinical significance of endometrial PCs. In the setting of infertility, specifically recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), CE may have a negative impact on endometrial receptivity, resulting in higher rates of implantation failure. The proposed pathophysiology is that a subclinical intrauterine infection alters the local inflammatory milieu resulting in a shift of the normal inflammatory cell profiles toward responses associated with implantation failure and poorer reproductive outcomes. Cure rates following antibiotic treatment are reported to be high (up to 90%). The results of meta-analyses describing the effect of CE on reproductive outcomes are mixed. There is evidence supporting CE as a treatable factor with improved reproductive outcomes following treatment and there are also results showing no differences in reproductive outcomes. Variable diagnostic criteria for CE, inclusion criteria, and treatment regimens between studies are the main limitations, hampering the ability to compare results across studies. Results regarding the optimal diagnostic criteria in the setting of RIF and RPL are also variable, with some authors recommending a cutoff of 1 or more CD138+ PCs per high-power field and some recommending a cutoff of 5 or more CD138+ PCs per high-power field. There are some studies indicating CE as a negative prognostic factor in patients with RIF and RPL, which may be reversible with antibiotic treatment. The optimal diagnostic criteria for CE in this clinical setting are undefined. For the investigation of infertility patients whom clinicians intend to treat, a descriptive diagnosis (indicating the presence/number of PCs and method of identification) is a reasonable approach. Routine use of CD138 immunohistochemistry is of limited value for the diagnosis of CE.
Carcinomas With Concurrent Involvement of the Endometrium and Uterine Adnexa—Implications for Pathological Diagnosis and Clinical Management in Current Practice
Authors: Singh Naveena , Tinker Anna , Gilks C. Blake 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A proportion of endometrial and adnexal carcinomas have concurrent involvement of the other site. In the case of high-grade serous carcinomas involving the tubal epithelium as well as endometrium, distinction of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous from endometrial serous carcinoma can have implications for surgical as well as nonsurgical treatment approaches, including targeted therapies and referral to clinical genetics services. The other situation is involvement of the endometrium and ovary by low-grade endometrioid carcinoma; here separation of high-stage endometrial carcinoma from 2 low-stage, low-grade tumors determines adjuvant treatment decisions. These challenging scenarios are illustrated with case presentations and criteria for pathological reporting while acknowledging uncertainty where this is warranted. It is accepted that these are areas in transition, and any criteria offered are likely to change in the light of new information.
Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium: Review of the Literature and Practical Diagnostic Recommendations
Authors: Chapel David B. , Park Kay J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas are endometrial and ovarian neoplasms of müllerian origin with morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular evidence of mesonephric-type transdifferentiation, as well as considerable homology with endometrioid tumors. First described in 2016, mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas are morphologically indistinguishable from “true” mesonephric adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix, but the latter are distinguished by (1) primary localization to the cervical wall, (2) frequent association with mesonephric remnants, and (3) in some cases, lack of mucosal involvement. Despite an overall low-grade morphology, mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma follows an aggressive clinical course, characterized by frequent and early recurrences, most often in the lung. Accordingly, accurate distinction of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma from morphologic mimics—especially low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma—is critical. However, available evidence indicates that endometrial mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas are significantly underdiagnosed, likely due to their relative novelty, rarity, and considerable overlap with endometrioid neoplasia. Prospective recognition of characteristic morphologic features, a low threshold for application of diagnostic immunohistochemistry, and judicious use of molecular studies will permit accurate diagnosis in almost all cases.
The Best of Both Worlds: Combining the Molecular and Traditional (Histotype/Grade) Endometrial Cancer Classification
Authors: Bosse Tjalling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The discovery of 4 distinct molecular endometrial cancer subgroups by The Cancer Genome Atlas has fundamentally changed the way we look at endometrial carcinoma today. The proven robustness of surrogate markers in a diagnostic algorithm endorsed by the World Health Organization classification of female genital tumors 2020 has opened the gates for worldwide implementation. This advance delivers a reproducible classification system with improved prognostication and a biological basis for future targeted treatments. Although we all embrace this exciting development, we now struggle how to position the traditional histology-based classification (histotype/International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade). The author discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and deliberates on how we could bring the best of both worlds together.