bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do ditch‐side electric fences improve the breeding productivity of ground‐nesting waders?
Authors: Verhoeven Mo A. , Jelle Loonstra A. H. , Pringle Thomas , Kaspersma Wiebe , Whiffin Mark , McBride Alice D. , Sjoerdsma Pieter , Roodhart Celine , Burgess Malcolm D. , Piersma Theunis , Smart Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Insufficient reproduction as a consequence of predation on eggs and chicks is a major determinant of population decline in ground‐nesting birds, including waders. For many populations, there is an urgent need to maintain breeding populations at key sites, and conservation practitioners need to find viable management solutions to reduce predation.
One tool available to the practitioner is fences that exclude key predators from areas containing breeding birds. Temporary electric fencing is an increasingly popular predator exclusion intervention, but such fences have costs associated with purchase and the time needed to erect and maintain them. Their effectiveness and optimal application are also frequently questioned.
We evaluate the use of temporary ditch‐side four‐strand electric fences in lowland grasslands in two countries, The Netherlands and England, in areas containing high densities of breeding waders.
In both countries and in all years, godwit and lapwing nest survival was significantly higher within areas enclosed by ditch‐side electric fences. Brood survival, assessed for godwits in The Netherlands, was also higher within fenced areas in all years. This demonstrates that using temporary electric fences to enclose ground‐nesting birds can be an effective tool for improving breeding productivity.
In our study, closely managed electric fences were effective at excluding red foxes Vulpes vulpes, but not avian and other mammalian predators. The positive effect that electric fencing had on nest and brood survival therefore likely results from a reduction in the total number of visits by mammalian predators, and especially visits by foxes.
Although it requires a substantial time investment throughout the period of use, our temporary electric fence design provides flexibility compared to other fence designs when it comes to enclosing different areas within a season and between years, as the targets for protection change or as land and flood management dictate. This conservation intervention can help buy the time required to develop and implement longer term solutions for application at larger scales.
Don't trust anybody: Conspiracy mentality and the detection of facial trustworthiness cues
Authors: Frenken Marius , Imhoff Roland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConspiracy theories express mistrust in common explanations and epistemic authorities. Independent of concrete content, the extent of endorsing conspiracy theories has also shown associations with interpersonal mistrust. Arguing from an evolutionary and error‐management perspective, this increased interpersonal mistrust could either represent an enhanced sensitivity to untrustworthiness cues, or a limited ability to recognize trustworthiness, or non‐specific mistrust without differentiations between (un)trustworthiness cues. In two experimental studies (N = 563), we manipulated facial trustworthiness and tested the differentiation of trustworthiness evaluations as a function of conspiracy mentality. We found that conspiracy mentality was associated with a generalized tendency to perceive others as untrustworthy, independent of facial trustworthiness, speaking to non‐specific manifestations of mistrust. However, the association between conspiracy mentality and trust became non‐significant once age was accounted for in Study 1. We discuss how conspiracy mentality may be associated with an increased propensity to view the world as having malevolent intentions.
Staggered Stacking Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xiao Yao , Yang Qi‐Chao , Yang Lei‐Lei , Wan Shu‐Cheng , Wang Shuo , Zhang Lu , Deng Hexiang , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe synergistic efficacy of phototherapy and cancer immunotherapy is severely restricted by both the inherent photobleaching and aggregation‐caused quench (ACQ) defects of photosensitizers and the intrinsic antioxidant tumor microenvironment (TME), such as hypoxia and overexpressed glutathione (GSH). To address these issues, a novel porphyrin‐based staggered stacking covalent organic framework (COF), COF‐618‐Cu, is rationally designed as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifier, owing to its excellent catalase‐like activity, COF‐618‐Cu is capable of consuming endogenous hydrogen peroxide to produce sufficient oxygen to alleviate the tumor hypoxia phenomena. Moreover the overexpressed intracellular GSH is also depleted to decrease the scavenging of ROS, due to the glutathione peroxidase mimic activity of COF‐618‐Cu. Mechanistic studies reveal that the unique staggered stacking mode between COF‐618‐Cu interlayers can effectively relieve both the photobleaching and ACQ effects that are inaccessible to commonly eclipsed COFs. These, combined with their excellent photothermal therapy performance, make COF‐618‐Cu favorable for inducing robust immunogenic cell death and remodeling TME to boost antitumor immunity.
Biomimetic Skins Enable Strain‐Perception‐Strengthening Soft Morphing
Authors: Xiao Peng , Zhou Wei , Liang Yun , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Yang Qing , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiological soft tissues are typically characterized of strain mechanical stiffening for injury prevention, yet the capability to achieve active awareness via perception strengthening still remains a challenge. However, creatures have projected their 2D or 3D deformation in a safe way via perception regulation. In this work, strain‐perception‐strengthening (SPS) enabled soft skins that allow the dynamic transformation from tactile to pain‐sensing are proposed. The synthetic skin featured with elastic, conductive, and adaptive properties is composed of elastomeric thin‐film and assembled graphene nanosheets with an interlocked structural interface. In the SPS‐enabled sensory system, the strain‐perception‐threshold value can be regulated from ≈7.2% to ≈95.3%. The integrated skin‐like system can effectively imitate the normal tactile and pain feeling of soft tissues (e.g., unidirectional stretching of muscle tendon and irregular stretching deformation of hand skin). Furthermore, inspired by the pufferfish, a bionic pufferfish with synthetic skin is designed, enabling it to sensitively capture the external mechanical stimuli such as tiny airflow and finger touch, and further inflate itself to a 3D deformation determined by the SPS effect. The concept of soft skins with SPS effect demonstrates potential fields in safe human‐machine interaction, smart prosthetics and soft robotics.
Submolecular Ligand Size and Spacing for Cell Adhesion
Authors: Kim Yuri , Koo Thomas Myeongseok , Thangam Ramar , Kim Myeong Soo , Jang Woo Young , Kang Nayeon , Min Sunhong , Kim Seong Yeol , Yang Letao , Hong Hyunsik , Jung Hee Joon , Koh Eui Kwan , Patel Kapil D. , Lee Sungkyu , Fu Hong En , Jeon Yoo Sang , Park Bum Chul , Kim Soo Young , Park Steve , Lee Junmin , Gu Luo , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Lee Ki‐Bum , Jeong Woong Kyo , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Kim Young Keun , Kang Heemin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCell adhesion occurs when integrin recognizes and binds to Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) ligands present in fibronectin. In this work, submolecular ligand size and spacing are tuned via template‐mediated in situ growth of nanoparticles for dynamic macrophage modulation. To tune liganded gold nanoparticle (GNP) size and spacing from 3 to 20 nm, in situ localized assemblies of GNP arrays on nanomagnetite templates are engineered. 3 nm‐spaced ligands stimulate the binding of integrin, which mediates macrophage‐adhesion‐assisted pro‐regenerative polarization as compared to 20 nm‐spaced ligands, which can be dynamically anchored to the substrate for stabilizing integrin binding and facilitating dynamic macrophage adhesion. Increasing the ligand size from 7 to 20 nm only slightly promotes macrophage adhesion, not observed with 13 nm‐sized ligands. Increasing the ligand spacing from 3 to 17 nm significantly hinders macrophage adhesion that induces inflammatory polarization. Submolecular tuning of ligand spacing can dominantly modulate host macrophages.
Site‐Specific Electron‐Driving Observations of CO2‐to‐CH4 Photoreduction on Co‐Doped CeO2/Crystalline Carbon Nitride S‐Scheme Heterojunctions
Authors: Cheng Lei , Yue Xiaoyang , Fan Jiajie , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotoexcited dynamic modulation, maximizing the effective utilization of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, dominates the multiple electrons‐involving reduction pathways for terminal CH4 evolution during CO2 photoreduction. Yet, the site‐specific regulation of directional charge transfer by modification of an S‐scheme heterojunction has seldom been discussed. Herein, an atomic‐level tailoring strategy by anchoring single‐atomic Co into CeO2 co‐catalyst rather than carbon nitride supports, which can selectively favor CO2‐to‐CH4 photoreduction, is reported. Through in situ dynamic tracking investigations, this study identifies that surface Co‐embedded bimetallic CeCo conjunction is the key feature driving a strong interconnection of dynamical charge states through S‐scheme heterojunctions. The Co‐embedded modification into CeO2 co‐catalysts is demonstrated to have a critical effect on directional charge control, accelerating the driving of electrons from the carbon nitride donations to site‐specific Co hubs, which thereby promotes electronic transferability for electrons‐involving CH4 formation. As a result, an unprecedented CH4 yield (181.7 µmol g−1) is obtained with a high turnover number (411.4) through a fully gas–solid reaction, demonstrating its potential toward targeted CH4 formation without adding any sacrificial agent.
Toward Practical High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cells: A Review
Authors: Chen Zi‐Xian , Zhao Meng , Hou Li‐Peng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise great potential as high‐energy‐density energy‐storage devices due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1. Evaluation and analysis on practical Li–S pouch cells are essential for achieving actual high energy density under working conditions and affording developing directions for practical applications. This review aims to afford a comprehensive overview of high‐energy‐density Li–S pouch cells regarding 7 years of development and to point out further research directions. Key design parameters to achieve actual high energy density are addressed first, to define the research boundaries distinguished from coin‐cell‐level evaluation. Systematic analysis of the published literature and cutting‐edge performances is then conducted to demonstrate the achieved progress and the gap toward practical applications. Following that, failure analysis as well as promotion strategies at the pouch cell level are, respectively, discussed to reveal the unique working and failure mechanism that shall be accordingly addressed. Finally, perspectives toward high‐performance Li–S pouch cells are presented regarding the challenges and opportunities of this field.
More Powerful Twistron Carbon Nanotube Yarn Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Authors: Wang Zhong , Mun Tae Jin , Machado Fernando M. , Moon Ji Hwan , Fang Shaoli , Aliev Ali E. , Zhang Mengmeng , Cai Wenting , Mu Jiuke , Hyeon Jae Sang , Park Jong Woo , Conlin Patrick , Cho Kyeongjae , Gao Enlai , Wan Gang , Huynh Chi , Zakhidov Anvar A. , Kim Seon Jeong , Baughman Ray H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStretching a coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn can provide large, reversible electrochemical capacitance changes, which convert mechanical energy to electricity. Here, it is shown that the performance of these “twistron” harvesters can be increased by optimizing the alignment of precursor CNT forests, plastically stretching the precursor twisted yarn, applying much higher tensile loads during precoiling twist than for coiling, using electrothermal pulse annealing under tension, and incorporating reduced graphene oxide nanoplates. The peak output power for a 1 and a 30 Hz sinusoidal deformation are 0.73 and 3.19 kW kg−1, respectively, which are 24‐ and 13‐fold that of previous twistron harvesters at these respective frequencies. This performance at 30 Hz is over 12‐fold that of other prior‐art mechanical energy harvesters for frequencies between 0.1 and 600 Hz. The maximum energy conversion efficiency is 7.2‐fold that for previous twistrons. Twistron anode and cathode yarn arrays are stretched 180° out‐of‐phase by locating them in the negative and positive compressibility directions of hinged wine‐rack frames, thereby doubling the output voltage and reducing the input mechanical energy.
Large‐Scale Integration of a Zinc Metasilicate Interface Layer Guiding Well‐Regulated Zn Deposition
Authors: Guo Ruiting , Liu Xiong , Xia Fanjie , Jiang Yalong , Zhang Huazhang , Huang Meng , Niu Chaojiang , Wu Jinsong , Zhao Yan , Wang Xuanpeng , Han Chunhua , Mai Liqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUneven distribution of electric fields at the electrolyte–anode interface and associated Zn dendrite growth is one of the most critical barriers that limit the life span of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, new‐type Zn–A–O (A = Si, Ti) interface layers with thin and uniform thickness, porosity, and hydrophilicity properties are developed to realize homogeneous and smooth Zn plating. For ZnSiO3 nanosheet arrays on Zn foil (Zn@ZSO), their formation follows an “etching–nucleation–growth” mechanism that is confirmed by a well‐designed Zn‐island‐based identical‐location microscopy method, the geometric area of which is up to 1000 cm2 in one‐pot synthesis based on a low‐temperature wet‐chemical method. Guided by the structural advantages of the ZSO layer, the Zn2+ flux gets equalized. Besides ultralow polarization, the life spans of symmetric cells and full cells coupled with a high‐mass‐loading K0.27MnO2·0.54H2O (8 mg cm−2) cathode, are increased by 3–7 times with the Zn@ZSO anode. Moreover, the large‐scale preparation of Zn@ZSO foil contributes to a 0.5 Ah multilayer pouch cell with high performance, further confirming its prospects for practical application.
Effect of Doping, Photodoping, and Bandgap Variation on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Das Basita , Aguilera Irene , Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost traditional semiconductor materials are based on the control of doping densities to create junctions and thereby functional and efficient electronic and optoelectronic devices. The technology development for halide perovskites had initially only rarely made use of the concept of electronic doping of the perovskite layer and instead employed a variety of different contact materials to create functionality. Only recently, intentional or unintentional doping of the perovskite layer is more frequently invoked as an important factor explaining differences in photovoltaic or optoelectronic performance in certain devices. Here, numerical simulations are used to study the influence of doping and photodoping on photoluminescence quantum yield and other device relevant metrics. It is found that doping can improve the photoluminescence quantum yield by making radiative recombination faster. This effect can benefit, or harm, photovoltaic performance given that the improvement of photoluminescence quantum efficiency and open‐circuit voltage is accompanied by a reduction of the diffusion length. This reduction will eventually lead to inefficient carrier collection at high doping densities. The photovoltaic performance may improve at an optimum doping density which depends on a range of factors such as the mobilities of the different layers and the ratio of the charge carrier capture cross sections.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Copper Chalcogenides‐Carbon Composites as High‐Rate and Stable Storage Materials for Na Ions
Authors: Li Huihua , Zhang Huang , Zarrabeitia Maider , Liang Hai‐Peng , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides have been regarded as promising storage materials for sodium ions owing to their high theoretical capacity. Herein, copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (Cu‐BTC) are reported as precursors to fabrica copper chalcogenides‐carbon composites, namely Cu1.8S@C and Cu2‐xSe@C. The materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with high specific capacities (504 mAh g–1 for Cu1.8S@C and 317 mAh g–1 for Cu2‐xSe@C at 0.1 A g–1) and long‐term cycling stability when used as anode materials in cells employing carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP/C) positive electrodes. The Cu2‐xSe@C||NVP/C cell delivers a specific capacity of 73 mAh g–1 at 1.2 A g–1 (based on cathode mass) and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 85% after 500 cycles at 0.12 A g–1) with Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.9%. Moreover, the Cu2‐xSe@C composite performs well as positive electrode storage material in a sodium‐metal cell, offering a high reversible capacity of 216 mAh (per gram of Cu2‐xSe@C) after 1800 cycles at 2 A g–1 and enabling high specific energy and power.
Engineered Circular RNA CircmiR‐29b Attenuates Muscle Atrophy by Sponging MiR‐29b
Authors: Li Jin , Chen Rui , Zheng Yongjun , Yuan Weilin , Yang Tingting , Zhu Xiaolan , Yan Yuwei , Jin Bing , Xu Wanru , Zhang Zhongrong , Li Guoping , Gokulnath Priyanka , Lei Zhiyong , Xiao Junjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuscle atrophy is commonly caused by various diseases but still lacks effective treatment in clinical practice. Here, an artificial circular RNA (circRNA) named circmiR‐29b, which is designed to be a molecular sponge for miR‐29b containing 12 imperfect bulged miR‐29b binding sites is constructed. CircmiR‐29b shows a favorable functional effect with respect to miR‐29b repression in a specific and drastic manner. CircmiR‐29b can protect against in vitro muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (Dex), angiotensin II (Ang II), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Besides, circmiR‐29b attenuates in vivo muscle atrophy induced by denervation, immobilization, and Ang II. More importantly, skeletal muscle specific gene therapy using circmiR‐29b is able to attenuate established muscle atrophy induced by spiral wire immobilization. This work has developed an engineered circmiR‐29b acting as an miR‐29b sponge, and offers a promising therapeutic tool to prevent muscle atrophy.
SOD‐YOLO: A Small Target Defect Detection Algorithm for Wind Turbine Blades Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wen Chuanbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly and effective detection of wind turbine blade (WTB) surface defects can avoid complex and expensive repair problems and serious safety hazards. The traditional target detection methods have the problems of insufficient detection capability, long model inference time and low recognition accuracy for small targets and long strip defects in WTB datasets. This paper proposes a high‐precision model SOD‐YOLO for WTB surface defect detection based on UAVs image analysis of YOLOv5. First, the WTB images are preprocessed by foreground segmentation and Hough transform to build the WTB defect dataset. Then, a micro‐scale detection layer is added to the original YOLOv5, and the K‐means algorithm is used to re‐cluster anchors and add the CBAM attention mechanism to each feature fusion layer to reduce the loss of feature information for small target defects and other defects. In addition, to improve the detection efficiency, the channel pruning algorithm is used to reduce the model size. The experimental results show that the average accuracy (mAP) of the SOD‐YOLO algorithm on the WTB dataset reaches 95.1%, which is 7.82% better than YOLOv5, and the FPS is 28.3% better. Therefore, SOD‐YOLO is able to detect small target defects and other defects quickly and effectively.
Formula Graph Self‐Attention Network for Representation‐Domain Independent Materials Discovery
Authors: Ihalage Achintha , Hao Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe success of machine learning (ML) in materials property prediction depends heavily on how the materials are represented for learning. Two dominant families of material descriptors exist, one that encodes crystal structure in the representation and the other that only uses stoichiometric information with the hope of discovering new materials. Graph neural networks (GNNs) in particular have excelled in predicting material properties within chemical accuracy. However, current GNNs are limited to only one of the above two avenues owing to the little overlap between respective material representations. Here, a new concept of formula graph which unifies stoichiometry‐only and structure‐based material descriptors is introduced. A self‐attention integrated GNN that assimilates a formula graph is further developed and it is found that the proposed architecture produces material embeddings transferable between the two domains. The proposed model can outperform some previously reported structure‐agnostic models and their structure‐based counterparts while exhibiting better sample efficiency and faster convergence. Finally, the model is applied in a challenging exemplar to predict the complex dielectric function of materials and nominate new substances that potentially exhibit epsilon‐near‐zero phenomena.
Composite NiCo2O4@CeO2 Microsphere as Cathode Catalyst for High‐Performance Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Wu Yuanhui , Ding Haoran , Yang Tianlun , Xia Yongji , Zheng Hongfei , Wei Qiulong , Han, Jiajia , Peng Dong‐Liang , Yue Guanghui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe large overpotential and poor cycle stability caused by inactive redox reactions are tough challenges for lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). Here, a composite microsphere material comprising NiCo2O4@CeO2 is synthesized via a hydrothermal approach followed by an annealing processing, which is acted as a high performance electrocatalyst for LOBs. The unique microstructured catalyst can provide enough catalytic surface to facilitate the barrier‐free transport of oxygen as well as lithium ions. In addition, the special microsphere and porous nanoneedles structure can effectively accelerate electrolyte penetration and the reversible formation and decomposition process of Li2O2, while the introduction of CeO2 can increase oxygen vacancies and optimize the electronic structure of NiCo2O4, thereby enhancing the electron transport of the whole electrode. This kind of catalytic cathode material can effectively reduce the overpotential to only 1.07 V with remarkable cycling stability of 400 loops under 500 mA g−1. Based on the density functional theory calculations, the origin of the enhanced electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4@CeO2 is clarified from the perspective of electronic structure and reaction kinetics. This work demonstrates the high efficiency of NiCo2O4@CeO2 as an electrocatalyst and confirms the contribution of the current design concept to the development of LOBs cathode materials.
Electrochemical Methods for Exploiting Low‐Temperature Heat Sources: Challenges in Material Research
Authors: Brogioli Doriano , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe exploitation of renewable low temperature heat sources below 100 °C can significantly contribute to the transition to a low‐carbon economy, in particular if applied to small and household scale. The scientific community has taken on the challenge to develop alternative techniques for the exploitation of such sources. Several innovative methods have been recently proposed; among them, many are based on electrochemistry. Here, the various techniques are discussed and a general thermodynamic analysis that allows to compare the performances and to identify the most promising technique is provided. The thermodynamic analysis is then extended to find the possible research lines in material science that could lead to improvements of the performances of the various techniques.