bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoelectronic Effects in Force-Accelerated Retro-Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: De Bo Guillaume , Wu Lik Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn polymer mechanochemistry, mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores) are activated upon elongation of anchored polymer arms. The reactivity of a mechanophore can be influenced by a variety of structural factors, including the geometry of attachment of the polymer arms and the nature of eventual substituents. Here we investigate stereoelectronic effects in force-accelerated Diels–Alder reactions using the CoGEF (Constrained Geometries simulate External Force) calculation method. We found that the presence of an electron-donating heteroatom on the diene leads to a lower activation force, and that the mechanochemical reactivity is suppressed when the anchor group is attached to a central rather than lateral position.
Quantum device designing (QDD) for future semiconductor engineering
Authors: John J. D. , Nishimoto S. , Kadowaki N. , Saito I. , Okano K. , Okano S. , Zahn D. R. T. , Masuzawa T. , Yamada T. , Chua D. H. C. , Ito T. 
Published: March 2022

In semiconductor device history, a trend is observed where narrowing and increasing the number of material layers improve device functionality, with diodes, transistors, thyristors, and superlattices following this trend. While superlattices promise unique functionality, they are not widely adopted due to a technology barrier, requiring advanced fabrication, such as molecular beam epitaxy and lattice-matched materials. Here, a method to design quantum devices using amorphous materials and physical vapor deposition is presented. It is shown that the multiplication gain M depends on the number of layers of the superlattice, N, as M = kN, with k as a factor indicating the efficiency of multiplication. This M is, however, a trade-off with transit time, which also depends on N. To demonstrate, photodetector devices are fabricated on Si, with the superlattice of Se and As2Se3, and characterized using current–voltage (I–V) and current–time (I–T) measurements. For superlattices with the total layer thicknesses of 200 nm and 2 μm, the results show that k200nm = 0.916 and k2μm = 0.384, respectively. The results confirm that the multiplication factor is related to the number of superlattice layers, showing the effectiveness of the design approach.
Αστραδενή (Astradení) / Stregata dalle stelle
Authors: Hourmouziadis Stelios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the notions of translation agency and habitus, while applying Mixed Methods and using interviewing as the primary source of information. The target text examined is the Italian translation of the book by Ευγενία Φακίνου (Evghenía Fakínou), Αστραδενή (Astradení), translated as Stregata dalle stelle by Claretta Candotti (publishers Κέδρος [Kédros] in Greece and Crocetti Editore in Italy). In applying Mixed Methods, my analysis follows Lieven D’hulst’s Translation History model, based on some of his eight Latin loci (quis, quid, ubi, quibus auxillis, cur, quomodo, quando, cui bono), with the aim of examining translation agency. In particular, I try to highlight the interaction between the author, the translator, the publishers, and the institutions promoting translation. Moreover, exploring sociological approaches to translation, I attempt to evince how Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and capital may have played a role in the translational choices of these agents. Most of the data collected derives from a tailor-made questionnaire (Annex I). The answers to the questionnaire, as well as the interview material, are exemplified through targeted, yet necessarily limited, textual analysis. The conclusion highlights the surprising lack of synergies between the translation agents in this particular Greek-Italian context: the deficient communication between author and translator, lack of institutionalized cooperation between Greek and Italian Publishers, and underdeveloped institutional framework for bilateral, state-sponsorship of Greek-Italian literary translations, although the Italian publisher obtained European funding.
A contact-induced strategy of femininisation
Authors: Vaan Michiel de 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Middle Dutch and Middle High German possess a femininizing suffix ‑erse, of which reflexes
survive in some modern dialects. Its Old Germanic preform arose from the grafting of Latin ‑issa onto the
masculine suffix *‑ārja‑ in Dutch and German dialects closest to the Gallo-Romance area in the Early Middle Ages.
The main aim of the present contribution is to provide hitherto underexposed details on the Dutch linguistic area, to show that
the mainstream historical explanation for ‑erse in Dutch historical linguistics must be given up, and to provide
a unified and more detailed account for the rise of this suffix formation in the medieval contact zone between Gallo-Romance and
Germanic.
The inscription on the Vimose plane and (other) West Germanic finds from Denmark
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Vimose plane features an early runic inscription that has long remained opaque, with none of the attempts to explain it having commanded assent in the historiography. Like the inscription on the Vimose buckle, however, the text on the wood plane appears to preserve an early example of West Germanic religious language. The inscription on the sharpener shows some parallels with comparable Roman texts but also distinctively West Germanic phonological development. The text on the plane seems to be one of several early runic texts found in the Southern Scandinavian votive bogs that preserve Ingvaeonic features.
The Burgundian language and its phylogeny
Authors: Hartmann Frederik , Riegger Chiara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Burgundian language is one of several smaller early Germanic languages that are scarcely attested and often under-researched. Moreover, it is commonly classified as an ‘East Germanic’ language, forming a Germanic subgroup alongside Northwest Germanic. This paper investigates Burgundian in detail in order to establish the most complete phonology and morphology that is currently possible with the current data base. Furthermore, we examine the linguistic relationships of Burgundian with other Germanic languages, with a focus on Gothic in particular. Our findings suggest that Burgundian does not form a coherent subgroup together with Gothic but that the data imply a common post-Proto-Germanic dialect continuum of which Burgundian, Gothic, and most likely Vandalic were a part.
The sound of taboo
Authors: Vallery Robin , Lemmens Maarten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Swear words of English and French, both real and fictional ones, significantly tend to contain the least sonorous
consonants, compared to the rest of the lexicon. What can explain the overrepresentation of such sounds among swear words? This
might be a case of sound symbolism, when sounds are unconsciously associated with a meaning. We examine the pragmatic vs. semantic
nature of the meaning involved, as well as two explanations in terms of iconicity (plosives may be associated with “violation of
hearer’s space”, or unsonorous consonants may be associated with “aggression”). This unusual sound-meaning pairing would involve
an emotional-contextual, non-truth-conditional meaning, and be powerful enough that it influences a strong sociolinguistic
convention – which words are swear words and which ones are not – suggesting that sounds convey meaning in yet unsuspected
ways.
When humour questions taboo
Authors: Heidepeter Philipp , Reutner Ursula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article examines the ways in which humour twists regular euphemism use. Based on the classical fields of euphemisms anchored in religion, aesthetics, social politics, and amorality, it identifies the characteristics of their twisted variants with a humorous component: playing-with-fire euphemisms that jocosely provoke supernatural forces, innuendo euphemisms that entertain, mocking euphemisms that make fun of others in a teasing or demeaning way, and idealistic euphemisms that uncover obfuscating language and negative realities. Using English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish euphemisms of different periods and genres, the article analyses the intentions, origins, motives, functions, and styles of humour, differentiates between symbiotic and parasitic twists, and thus provides a typology of twisted euphemism use.
Manner of motion in Estonian
Authors: Taremaa Piia , Kopecka Anetta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed an increasing interest in motion events resulting in thorough knowledge about expressions of manner. However, the individual dimensions of manner of motion have been investigated less extensively. In this study, we focus on one particular dimension of manner:speed. By analysing the Estonian language and applying corpus methods, we show that speed is one of the core dimensions of manner. In Estonian, speed can be expressed with motion verbs and various types of manner modifiers. Speed modifiers can have a function of compensation (providing information that is not present in the verb), specification (providing additional details), and/or intensification (strengthening the meaning conveyed by the verb). Moreover, compared to slow motion, the expression of fast motion in modifiers is more frequent and more diverse in terms of semantic distinctions and morphosyntactic realisations. Drawing on these results, we frame a hypothesis of thefast-over-slowbias.
Racewalking on a treadmill alters gait characteristics without increasing risk of disqualification
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Fong Daniel T.P. , Zhang Cui , Song Shaoli , Wang Yinhang , Sun Wei , Song Qipeng 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeTreadmill training is useful for racewalking training; however, it may affect gait characteristics and lead to non‐legal techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the kinematic differences between treadmill and overground conditions during racewalking at different speeds.MethodsTwenty‐two elite racewalkers participated in this study. They racewalked under treadmill and overground conditions at high and medium speeds. A 12‐camera motion analysis system was used to record the racewalking trials.ResultsSignificant condition by speed interactions were detected in step frequency and pelvis rotation angle; step frequency decreased while pelvis rotation angle increased from overground to treadmill conditions at high speed. Compared to overground conditions, racewalkers decreased the ankle dorsiflexion angle at heel strike and increased hip flexion, shoulder hyperextension, and elbow flexion angles at heel strike and hip and shoulder extension angles at toe‐off under treadmill conditions. Compared to medium speed, racewalkers decreased the contact time, hip flexion, and shoulder hyperextension at heel strike, and ankle plantarflexion and shoulder extension angles at toe‐off, and increased flight time, step length, and elbow flexion angle at heel strike at high speed.ConclusionSeveral kinematic differences during racewalking were detected between treadmill and overground conditions, with more differences detected at high speed, indicating that treadmill racewalking, especially at high speed, has different gait characteristics. However, no differences were detected in flight time and knee angle under treadmill conditions compared to overground conditions, indicating that racewalking on a treadmill does not increase the risk of disqualification.
A facile fabrication of ultrahigh haze optical diffuser using nematic liquid crystal encapsulated by cellulose acetate biopolymer
Authors: Kushawaha Rishikesh , Sinha Aloka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, free-standing optical diffusers based on PDLC are formed by liquid crystals (LCs) and cellulose acetate polymer network. The micron and submicron-sized liquid crystal droplets embedded in the matrix of cellulose acetate biopolymer act as scattering particles, leading to an efficient diffused transmission of the incident laser beam. By optimizing the concentration of LC and polymer, the optical characterizations of the fabricated PDLC films reveal an ultrahigh haze value (

≈

99 %) and broad angular distribution of transmitted light with the full width of half maxima up to 114°. The film fabricated with 55 wt % LC results in a light transmitted profile similar to the ideal light diffusing surface with Lambertian distribution. Furthermore, the technique employed to develop the films offers a straightforward and inexpensive fabrication process of light-diffusing films for a high-performance foldable optoelectronic device.
The primitive model in classical density functional theory: beyond the standard mean-field approximation
Authors: Bültmann Moritz , Härtel Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The primitive model describes ions by point charges with an additional hard-core interaction. In classical density-functional theory (DFT) the mean-field electrostatic contribution can be obtained from the first order of a functional perturbation of the pair potential for an uncharged reference system of hard spheres. This mean-field electrostatic term particularly contributes at particle separations that are forbidden due to hard-core overlap. In this work we modify the mean-field contribution such that the pair potential is constant for distances smaller than the contact distance of the ions. We motivate our modification by the underlying splitting of the potential, which is similar to the splitting of the Weeks–Chandler–Andersen potential and leads to higher-order terms in the respective expansion of the functional around the reference system. The resulting formalism involves weighted densities similar to the ones found in fundamental measure theory. To test our modifications, we analyze and compare density profiles, direct and total correlation functions, and the thermodynamic consistency of the functional via a widely established sum rule and the virial pressure formula for our modified functional, for established functionals, and for data from computer simulations. We found that our modifications clearly show improvements compared to the standard mean-field functional, especially when predicting layering effects and direct correlation functions in high concentration scenarios; for the latter we also find improved consistency when calculated via different thermodynamic routes. In conclusion, we demonstrate how modifications toward higher order corrections beyond mean-field functionals can be made and how they perform, by this providing a basis for systematic future improvements in classical DFT for the description of electrostatic interactions.
A novel method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults based on the frequency spectrum distribution of the modulation signal
Authors: Li Xiumei , Sun Jianyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bearing fault diagnosis is required to monitor the running status of rolling bearings, and can greatly reduce the loss caused by rolling bearing faults. It is a very important aspect of prognostic and health management. In this paper, a new method for fault diagnosis, based on an improved fast kurtogram and novel envelope spectrum analysis, is proposed to diagnose rolling bearing faults. In the proposed method, the improved fast kurtogram method is used to select the center frequency and bandwidth of the optimal signal filter which is used to filter the raw bearing vibration signals. Then, the filtered signal is transformed to the frequency domain. Novel envelope spectrum analysis is used to analyze the amplitude distribution of the envelope spectrum waveforms in order to extract more useful features from different zones rather than the whole frequency domain. The extracted features are used to calculate the fitting ratio for diagnosing bearing faults. The proposed method is validated on the fault data of rolling bearings provided by CWRU and QPZZ-II platforms. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently extract features and diagnose rolling bearing faults.
A preliminary safety assessment of vertebral augmentation with 32P brachytherapy bone cement
Authors: Keyak Joyce H , Eijansantos Mando L , Rosecrance Katherine G , Wong Daniel , Feizi Sayeh , Meldosian Aleen L , Peddinti Pranav , Les Clifford M , Skinner Harry B , Sehgal Varun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Comprehensive treatment for vertebral metastatic lesions commonly involves vertebral augmentation (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty) to relieve pain and stabilize the spine followed by multiple sessions of radiotherapy. We propose to combine vertebral augmentation and radiotherapy into a single treatment by adding 32P, a β-emitting radionuclide, to bone cement, thereby enabling spinal brachytherapy to be performed without irradiating the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to address key dosimetry and safety questions prior to performing extensive animal studies. The 32P was in the form of hydroxyapatite powder activated by neutron bombardment in a nuclear reactor. We performed ex vivo dosimetry experiments to establish criteria for safe placement of the cement within the sheep vertebral body. In an in vivo study, we treated three control ewes and three experimental ewes with brachytherapy cement containing 2.23–3.03 mCi 32P ml−1 to identify the preferred surgical approach, to determine if 32P leaches from the cement and into the blood, urine, or feces, and to identify unexpected adverse effects. Our ex vivo experiments showed that cement with 4 mCi 32P ml−1 could be safely implanted in the vertebral body if the cement surface is at least 4 mm from the spinal cord in sheep and 5 mm from the spinal cord in humans. In vivo, a lateral retroperitoneal surgical approach, ventral to the transverse processes, was identified as easy to perform while allowing a safe distance to the spinal cord. The blood, urine, and feces of the sheep did not contain detectable levels of 32P, and the sheep did not experience any neurologic or other adverse effects from the brachytherapy cement. These results demonstrate, on a preliminary level, the relative safety of this brachytherapy cement and support additional development and testing.
Individualized body geometry correction factor (K
B) for use when predicting body composition from bioimpedance spectroscopy
Authors: Ward Leigh C , Wells Jonathan C K , Lyons-Reid Jaz , Tint Mya T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Prediction of body composition from bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurements using mixture theory-based biophysical modelling invokes a factor (K
B) to account for differing body geometry (or proportions) between individuals. To date, a single constant value is commonly used. The aim of this study was to investigate variation in K
B across individuals and to develop a procedure for estimating an individualized K
B value. Approach. Publicly available body dimension data, primarily from the garment industry, were used to calculate K
B values for individuals of varying body sizes across the life-span. The 3D surface relationship between weight, height and K
B, was determined and used to create look-up tables to enable estimation of K
B in individuals based on height and weight. The utility of the proposed method was assessed by comparing fat-free mass predictions from BIS using either a constant K
B value or the individualized value. Results. Computed K
B values were well fitted to height and weight by a 3D surface (R
2 = 0.988). Body composition was predicted more accurately compared to reference methods when using individualized K
B than a constant value in infants and children but improvement in prediction was less in adults particularly those with high body mass index. Significance. Prediction of body composition from BIS and mixture theory is improved by using an individualized body proportion factor in those of small body habitus, e.g. children. Improvement is small in adults or non-existent in those of large body size. Further improvements may be possible by incorporating a factor to account for trunk size, i.e. waist circumference.
Modeling and analysis of soft robotic surfaces actuated by pneumatic network bending actuators
Authors: Xiao Wei , Hu Dean , Yang Gang , Jiang Chao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soft robots are a nascent field that aims to provide a safe interaction with humans and better adaptability to unstructured environments. Many tentacle-like one-dimensional soft robots that can mimic the basic motion in nature are developed owing to ease of design and fabrication. To expand the spectrum of soft robots, this paper gives a detailed introduction of a new type of sheet-like two-dimensional soft robot. This soft robot is called soft robotic surface (SRS), which is actuated by pneumatic network bending actuators. An analytical model of the SRS is constructed based on the minimum potential energy method, which considers both its geometry complexity and material nonlinearity. The comparisons among the analytical, experimental, and numerical results demonstrate that the analytical model can accurately predict the SRS deformation. The maximum root mean squared error for the surface morphing is 3.429 mm, which is less than 5% of the maximum displacement for the free end. The effects of the actuating pressure and structural parameter on the SRS deformation are also investigated. The results reveal that the deformation shape of the SRS can be reconfigured by controlling the applied pressure. And the bending angle of the two actuators both decreases with the increase of the width and thickness of the soft surface. The SRS extends the research on soft robots and the developed analytical model also solves the fundamental problem of how to programme the surface morphing of soft robot surfaces. Finally, we fabricate a soft gripper that can grasp object objects with different sizes, shapes, and stiffness, which demonstrates the application of the SRS.
Optical forces in photonic Weyl system
Authors: Yang Yang , Chan Hsun-Chi , Bi Ke , Duan Gaoyan , Liu Maoxin , Wang Haoyi , Li Liangsheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Topological photonics has attracted extensive attention, since it allows for a platform to explore and exploit versatile nano-optics systems. In particular, the ideal Weyl metamaterials have recently been demonstrated with fascinating phenomena such as chiral zero mode and negative refraction. In this work, we apply the photonic Weyl metamateirals into the optical tweezers. Based on the effective medium approach, the optical force generated by the body state of the Weyl metamaterial is systematically investigated. Interestingly, theoretical results show that for oblique incidence, the optical force spectra present a valley around Weyl frequency with zero magnitude exactly at the Weyl frequency, and the forces show strong optical circular dichroism. In addition, due to the bi-anisotropic properties, transmissions through the Weyl metamaterial exhibit a significant linear-to-circular polarization conversion and the transmitted wavefront acquires spin momenta of photons, which induces abnormal force on chiral particles. Our study may provide potential applications in the optical manipulations, polarization conversions, and wavefront engineering optics.
A comparison of multilayered coordination numbers in FCC and HCP crystals
Authors: Duan Lingjie , Liu Yongchang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A comparative study of multilayered coordination numbers between the face center cubic (FCC) and the hexagonal closest packing (HCP) was conducted. First, by the Diophantine equation models, we derived generating functions to calculate the multilayered coordination radii r

k
and coordination numbers N

k
for FCC and HCP, respectively. Calculated results for FCC and HCP were further compared, including their coordination radii, coordination numbers and mean coordination numbers. Finally, we strictly proved that the sequences {N

k
} for both FCC and HCP are unbounded, and for FCC, there is a subsequence

N

k

n

=
6

, while for HCP, there is a subsequence

N

k

n

=
2

.