bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA16: The complexities of tumor associated macrophages and the key to effective targeting for anti-cancer therapy
Authors: Guerriero Jennifer L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophages are an innate immune cell that play a critical role in host defense and maintaining tissue homeostasis, however their infiltration into tumors has been associated with disease progression and resistance to therapy. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a significant proportion of solid tumors, including breast cancer. TAMs play a major role in tumorigenesis as they can enhance tumor cell growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, TAMs can inhibit anti-tumor responses of T cells. Our recent work has shown that removal or conversion of TAMs to an anti-tumor phenotype enhances chemo- and immuno-therapy establishing TAMs as targets for anti-cancer therapy. We recently revealed that a Class II HDAC inhibitor can polarize TAMs to an anti-tumor phenotype to facilitate reduction in primary and metastatic tumor burden. In addition, we have found that some types of therapy such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition (PARPi) can drive development of highly suppressive TAMs, restricting anti-tumor T cell function and survival. Murine models demonstrate that in the absence of TAMs, PARPi induce a robust recruitment of cytotoxic T cells and durable antitumor responses. Therefore, targeting TAMs is a promising strategy for improving PARPi treatment efficacy. However, while there is an urgent need to target TAMs during tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, to date, failure to fully characterize TAM biology and classify multiple subsets has hindered advancement in therapeutic targeting. Deep analysis of TAMs in solid tumors has revealed the complexity of TAMs and revealed major gaps in our knowledge of the functional and phenotypic characterization of TAM subsets associated with cancer, before and after treatment. Here we will discuss the complexity of TAMs in solid tumors including characterizing TAM subsets, location, and crosstalk with neighboring cells, as well as novel TAM-modulating strategies and combinations that are likely to enhance current therapies and overcome chemo- and immuno-therapy resistance.
Citation Format: Jennifer L Guerriero. The complexities of tumor associated macrophages and the key to effective targeting for anti-cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Intracranial Carotid Arteriosclerosis Mediates the Association Between Blood Pressure and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Melgarejo Jesus D. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Bos Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Intracranial arteriosclerosis could explain the association between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Therefore, we tested whether intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) mediates the association between BP and CSVD and determined pathophysiological mechanisms based on ICAC subtypes.

Methods:

One thousand four hundred fifty-eight stroke-free participants from the Rotterdam Study (mean age, 68 years; 52% women) underwent nonenhanced computed tomography scans to quantify ICAC volume (mm
3
) between 2003 and 2015. ICAC was categorized into intimal and internal elastic lamina calcifications. CSVD included white matter hyperintensities volume, the presence of lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds visualized on magnetic resonance imaging. Office BP included systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Mediation analysis included a 2-way decomposition to determine the direct association between BP and CSVD and the indirect or mediated effect (negative or positive mediations expressed in %) of log-ICAC volume on such association.

Results:
BP and log-ICAC were correlated and were also associated with CSVD. In all participants, total log-ICAC volume mediated the association of diastolic BP (−14.5%) and pulse pressure (16.5%) with log-white matter hyperintensities. Internal elastic lamina log-ICAC volume mediated −19.5% of the association between diastolic BP and log-white matter hyperintensities; intimal log-ICAC volume did not mediate associations. For lacunes, total and internal elastic lamina log-ICAC volume mediated the association of diastolic BP (−40% and −45.8%) and pulse pressure (26.9% and 18.2%). We did not observe mediations for cerebral microbleeds.

Conclusions:
Intracranial arteriosclerosis mediates the association between BP and CSVD. Internal elastic lamina calcification, considered a proxy of arterial stiffness, is the leading mechanism explaining the link between BP and CSVD.
The debts owed by the Castilian court to an emigrant painter: Michel Sittow’s sojourns in Castile (1492-1502/1504)
Authors: Rojewski Oskar J. 
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on two recently discovered documents from Spanish archives in Simancas and Zaragoza, which show a record of the relationship between the painter Michel Sittow (c. 1468-1525/6) and several members of the court of Isabella of Castile between 1492 and 1502. Further, it puts into context several formerly published documents that indicate significant debts were owed to the painter and give us clues about his artworks from 1494, as well as a visit he took to Zaragoza in 1498: one on Michel Sittow’s stay in Castile; an account of Fernando Gomes de Éçija from 1494; a notarial deed from Zaragoza dating from 1498; a list of court salaries, also from 1498; and an alphabetical list of court debts from 1497-1498.
Additionally, reconsideration is given to the period Sittow spent at the court of the Spanish king as both an artist and a courtier. Apparently, he had left the court because the full salary he was due was not transferred. Based on the newly discovered documents, the artist may have left in 1502, electing to serve Philip the Fair between 1502 and 1504. It is also now possible to identify 1494 as the year when the painter worked on the Santiago altarpiece in Toledo.
Only in 1515 did Sittow return to the Iberian Peninsula to collect the remaining sum, authorized by Charles V’s treasurer, Alonso de Arguello. The required amount was paid to him over the course of a year. Despite several uncertainties regarding his life and artistic practice, Michel Sittow’s career provides a significant insight into royal commissioning practices and the impact of fickle financial administration.
The Son of Man in the Similitudes of Enoch and 4 Ezra
Authors: Hong Soonyoung David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Synoptic tradition, 4 Ezra, and Similitudes of Enoch all feature the Son of Man as a human yet divine eschatological judge, which is an innovative reinterpretation of the Danielic Son of Man. The question then becomes, who began this innovation? Given the generally monotheistic milieu of first-century Palestinian Judaism, the Synoptic tradition is most likely the source of this innovation. Why, however, would the Jewish/Jewish-Christian authors of 4 Ezra and Similitudes have taken their cue from the Synoptics in regards to this innovation? This article conjectures the possibility that Jesus’s own designation of the fall of the Jerusalem Temple as the beginning of the eschatological schema, at the end of which the Son of Man comes as an eschatological judge, may have inspired the authors of 4 Ezra and Similitudes for such adaptation of the Son of Man in the aftermath of the fall of the Temple.
Truth or Faithfulness?
Authors: Hallstrom Tyler 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article explores the semantic value of ἀλήθεια in Ephesians with special attention given to its polyvalent nature and its potentiality for communicating the notion of ‘faithfulness’ rather than ‘truth’. First, an examination of instances of where ἀλήθεια indicates faithfulness in the LXX and the NT provides a broad hermeneutical viability for this enterprise. Second, a study of ἀλήθεια in Eph. 1:13; 4:21, 24, 25; 5:9; and 6:14 reveals a semantic shift in 5:9 and 6:14 wherein the author’s exhortation centers not on doctrinal truth, but embodying faithfulness as a child of the light and as a defense against the Devil’s schemes.
Characteristics of a Seasonal Front in the Southern Bay of Bengal: Dynamics, Mixing, and Water Mass Transport
Authors: Luecke C. A. , Wijesekera H. W. , Jarosz E. , Wang D. W. , Jensen T. G. , Jinadasa S. U. P. , Fernando H. J. S. , Teague W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The formation of a sharp oceanic front located south-southeast of Sri Lanka during the southwest monsoon is examined through in situ and remote observations and high-resolution model output. Remote sensing and model output reveal that the front extends approximately 200 km eastward from the southeast coast of Sri Lanka toward the southern Bay of Bengal (BoB). This annually occurring front is associated with the boundary between the southwest monsoon current with high-salinity water to the south, and a weak flow field comprised of relatively fresh BoB water to the north. The front contains a line of high chlorophyll extending from the coastal upwelling zone, often for several hundred kilometers. Elevated turbulent diffusivities ∼10−2 m2 s−1 along with large diapycnal fluxes of heat and salt were found within the front. The formation of the front and vertical transports are linked to local wind stress curl. Large vertical velocities (∼50 m day−1) indicate the importance of ageostrophic, submesoscale processes. To examine these processes, the Ertel potential vorticity (PV) was computed using the observations and numerical model output. The model output shows a ribbon of negative PV along the front between the coastal upwelling zone and two eddies (Sri Lanka Dome and an anticyclonic eddy) typically found in the southern BoB. PV estimates support the view that the flow is susceptible to submesoscale instabilities, which in turn generate high vertical velocities within the front. Frontal upwelling and heightened mixing show that the seasonal front is regionally important to linking the fresh surface water of the BoB with the Arabian Sea.

Significance Statement
Within the ocean, motions span extraordinarily wide ranges of sizes and time scales. In this study we focus on a narrow, intensified feature called a front. This front occurs in the southern Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon and forms a boundary between fresher water to the north and saltier water to the south. Features such as this are difficult to study, however, by combining observations made from ships and satellites with output from numerical models of the ocean, we are able to better understand the front. This is important because fronts like the one studied here play a role in determining the pathways of heat within the ocean, which, in turn, may feedback into the atmosphere and weather patterns.
Effects of a sexuality education programme on young people’s STI/HIV knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviour in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Yohanna Wamanyi , Agbaje Olaoluwa Samson , Ene Osmond Chukwuemeka , Ofili Perpetua Chinyere , Umoke Prince Iheanachor Christian 
Published: December 2022

Objective: The high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among Nigerian young people has been linked to poor knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviour. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a sexuality education programme (SEP) in improving adolescents’ STI/HIV knowledge and attitudes and reducing risk behaviour. Design: A quasi-experimental pre–post study was conducted. The experimental group ( n = 189) and comparison group ( n = 195) comprised senior secondary school students. Data were collected via a validated self-report questionnaire. A paired t-test, an independent t-test and a one-way between-group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse the data. Setting: Three hundred eighty-four young people aged 15–20 years at low and high risk for STI/HIV infection participated in the SEP in a school setting in Northeast Nigeria. Results: There were significant post-intervention improvements in students’ knowledge, attitudes and practices in the experimental group ( p < .001). A t-test showed that after the SEP, the mean scores of STI/HIV knowledge (11.25 ± 3.39 vs 8.23 ± 3.60) and attitudes (29.63 ± 6.21 vs 35.38 ± 7.86) were significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. Similarly, the mean risk behaviour score (6.83 ± 2.10 vs 5.64 ± 2.27) was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group post-intervention. Conclusion: The school-based SEP increases STI/HIV knowledge, improves positive attitudes and reduces STI/HIV risk behaviour among school young people in Nigeria.
Effect of Arsenic on Health: Evidence from Indian Districts
Authors: Aggarwal Khushboo 
Published: December 2022

It is well established that consuming groundwater contaminated with arsenic can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, peripheral nervous systems and skin diseases such as pigmentation change. In this article, I focus on two health outcomes—skin diseases and still births—using district-level data from India, a country with widespread arsenic contamination. Arsenic may come into human contact via direct and/or indirect channel. I intend to examine these two channels of arsenic transmission. To analyse the two-fold objectives of this study, I have used repeated cross-section data from the two health rounds of National Sample Survey Organization (60th and 71st round survey). I find a positive and statistically significant relation between skin diseases and drinking water from arsenic contaminated tube well. Similar results are found for still birth in arsenic affected areas, even after controlling for state- and district-level factors. Using odds ratio, I also find positive effect of rice consumption on skin manifestations, robust to state-fixed effects, but not district-fixed effects. Individuals are more adversely affected in terms of skin lesions and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Drinking arsenic contaminated water is a more dominant pathway than consumption of food containing arsenic, particularly rice and wheat. JEL Codes: I10, I12, Q25, Q53, Q54
Asthma control in normal weight and overweight/obese asthmatic children following adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Josephson Gary D , Bradshaw Joshua B , Roohani Cheyenne , Hossain Jobayer , Andreoli Steven M , Lang Jason E 
Published: December 2022

Objectives Childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) frequently occurs concomitant with asthma. Adenotonsillectomy and reduction in asthma severity association has been reported. We describe changes in asthma control in nonobese or normal weight and obese/overweight children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for SDB. Methods This prospective, nonrandomized cohort trial with 6-month follow-up at a tertiary children’s hospital enrolled 41 children with persistent asthma undergoing adenotonsillectomy for SDB. Children with significant chronic medical conditions, premature birth (< 28 weeks), or recent respiratory infection were excluded. Patients were stratified by baseline BMI into nonobese or normal weight (BMI < 85 percentile) and obese/overweight (BMI > 85%). The primary outcome was change in Childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) scores 3 and 6 months following adenotonsillectomy. Secondary outcome examined improvement in Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) 3 and 6 months following adenotonsillectomy. Results Baseline characteristics were similar except for anthropometric measures and mean PACQLQ ( P = .03). Children with nonobese or normal weight (n = 26) had statistically significant improvement in change in cACT at 3 (22.80 ± 2.33 vs. 17.86 ± 3.53, P < .001) and 6 (20.71±3.29 vs. 18.24 ± 4.16, P = .044) months compared with baseline. PACQLQ scores also improved at 3 (6.20 ± 0.87 vs. 4.56 ± 1.12, P < .001) and 6 (6.36 ± 0.72 vs. 4.93 ± 0.96, P < .001) months. Obese/overweight children (n = 10) had significant improvement in cACT scores at 6 months (20.00 ± 3.90 vs. 15.00 ± 6.90, P = .048). Change of cACT scores at 3 months (17.86 ± 3.53 vs. 14.86 ± 6.31, P = .272) was not significantly different. PACQLQ scores improved at 3 (5.47 ± 1.09 vs. 3.70 ± 0.85, P < .001) and 6 (5.75 ± 2.19 vs. 3.67 ± 1.04, P = .016) months. Conclusion Nonobese or normal-weight children undergoing adenotonsillectomy demonstrated significant improvement in asthma control scores at 3 and 6 and obese/overweight children at 6 months. Using the PACQLQ, caregiver quality of life improved for all children at 3 and 6 months. Surgical management of ATH in children with comorbid SBD and asthma is a good treatment option.
A mixed-methods study into the effect of a psycho-educational programme for children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI)
Authors: Overbeek Mathilde M , Stokla-Wulfse Mariska , Lievense Pieternel , Kruithof Yvonne , Pilon Florine , Kef Sabina 
Published: December 2022

Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is one of the most common causes of visual impairment in children. CVI is a complex visual disorder to understand and explain to others. Understanding one’s diagnosis and being able to explain it to others may facilitate adaptive functioning. To educate children and young people on their CVI and accompanying needs, the computerized psycho-educational programme ‘My CVI’ has been developed. A mixed-methods study was conducted to evaluate the effect of this programme. The aims of the programme are to increase participants’ knowledge of CVI, as well as self-esteem (SDQ), adaptive coping (SCQ), and well-being (Cantril, PERIK, HRQoL). Thirty-nine children (aged 7–16 years; 51% boys) participated in a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessment. Qualitative interviews were conducted for a subjective evaluation of the programme. Participation in the psycho-educational programme resulted in increased knowledge of CVI, as well as a better teacher-reported social and academic self-concept and less self-reported feelings of social exclusion. No effects of participation were found on self-reported self-esteem, coping or other measures for well-being. An increase in knowledge of CVI was not associated with changes in psychosocial functioning. Qualitative data revealed that children enjoyed participating in the programme; they learned there are others with CVI, and gained more knowledge and practical tools on how to deal with their CVI. The results provide preliminary evidence that participation in the psycho-educational programme ‘My CVI’ increases children’s knowledge of their visual impairment as well as improves social outcomes and feelings of inclusion. The highest gains may be achieved through a personalized approach, depending on a child’s (developmental) age and parental involvement.
A qualitative investigation of influences on occupational therapists’ research involvement in Ireland
Authors: Dwyer Christopher P , Keane Alexandra , Casey Dympna , Rogers Fionnuala M , Hynes Sinéad M 
Published: December 2022

Background: To fulfil the desire for evidence-based practice, there is impetus for occupational therapy (OT) to make research a priority and to encourage research engagement. Purpose: This study’s aim was to explore occupational therapists’ reasons for and for not getting involved in research and to determine potential barriers and enablers to engaging in research. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with five participants each. Data were thematically analysed. Findings: Occupational therapists’ reasons for expressing interest in getting involved in research were having an interest in the condition and/or the symptoms being studied; promoting client support and service development; and ‘upskilling’. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) motivation to get involved in research can be influenced; (2) ‘firefighting’: barriers and organisational culture; and (3) The nature of research needs consideration from an occupational therapist perspective. Implications: Findings suggest that though occupational therapists are able to get involved in research, it remains that there are difficulties in doing so (e.g., organisational culture); and such difficulties may outweigh both reasons and enablers to such involvement. Reasons for expressing interest, enablers, barriers and the relationships among them warrant further investigation and consideration with respect to involving occupational therapists in research.
Association of podocyte injury with clinical features and prognosis in patients with mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Guo Muyao , Xie Xiaoyun , Lin Wei , Zhou Yaou , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: December 2022

Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the association of podocyte injury with clinical features and outcomes in mesangial proliferative (Class II) lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We conducted a retrospective and clinicopathologic analysis with 576 LN patients with renal biopsy and screened 58 patients with Class II LN. Then, the 58 cases were divided into 4 groups based on the degree of podocyte damage and immune complex (IC) deposits on light microscope (histological and immunofluorescence) and electron microscope: Podocyte Injury Group, IC deposits Group, Podocyte Injury and IC Group, and Less-lesion Group. Clinical and pathologic information was collected from the patients’ medical records at the time of the kidney biopsy and at follow-up. The data of demography, clinical parameters, therapy, remission, and relapse rates were analyzed and compared across groups. Results A significant difference was observed in the ages of patients among four Class II LN groups. The onset age of patients with FPE ≥ 50% was significant later. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was statistically different among the four groups and the patients with FPE ≥ 50% had lower frequency of thrombocytopenia. Patients with FPE ≥ 50% had lower serum albumin, eGFR, and elevated proteinuria and serum lipids. In this study, most patients received glucocorticoids in combination with immunosuppressants. Among the 4 groups, the use of ACEI/ARBs was highest in the podocyte injury group. There was a statistical difference in the renal relapse rates among the 4 Class II LN groups. Moreover, the recurrence rate was higher in the FPE ≥ 50% group. Conclusion Our data identified Class II LN patients with podocyte injury (FPE ≥ 50%) present prominent renal damage and higher rate of renal relapse, suggesting more aggressive treatment and close follow-up for these patients.