bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids Assisted Topical Drug Delivery for Permeation Enhancement: Formulation Strategies, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicological Perspective
Authors: Navti Prerana D. , Pandey Abhijeet , Nikam Ajinkya Nitin , Padya Bharath Singh , Kalthur Guruprasad , Koteshwara Kunnatur B. , Mutalik Srinivas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopical drug delivery provides several benefits over other conventional routes by providing localizing therapeutic effects and also avoids the gastrointestinal tract circumventing the first-pass metabolism and enzymatic drug degradation. Being painless, the topical route also prevents the difficulties linked with the parenteral route. However, there are limitations to the current topical systems which necessitate the need for further research to find functional excipients to overcome these limitations. This review deals in depth with the ionic liquids concerning their physicochemical properties and applicability as well as their role in the arena of topical drug delivery in permeation enhancement, bioavailability enhancement of the drugs by solvation, and drug moiety modification. The review gives a detailed insight into the recent literature on ionic liquid–based topical formulations like ionic liquid–based emulsions, active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquids, ionic liquid–based bacterial cellulose membranes, topical small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, and ionogels as a possible solutions for overcoming the challenges associated with the topical route. This review also takes into account the toxicological aspects and biomedical applications of ionic liquids.
Graphical Abstract
Physiotherapy and medicines management: A pilot study
Authors: Waldock Colin , Thomas Trudy , Amrani-Chtiar Camilia 
Published: June 2022

Aim Only 2.7% of UK registered physiotherapists are qualified to prescribe. This pilot study explored attitudes to medicine use, barriers to prescribing in practice for physiotherapists and training needs. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed via professional networks. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify data with t-tests and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to explore correlations in data. Qualitative (free text) data were analysed for common themes using thematic analysis. Findings A total of 51 physiotherapists (37% n= 19) prescribers completed the questionnaire. Attitudes towards medicines were similar. Respondents understood the benefits of prescribing but identified personal, professional and organisational barriers. Lack of pharmacology knowledge was reported by 56.7% (n=25) and identified as a training need among physiotherapists who had qualified in the UK (n=44), 40% (n= 20) of respondents identified a lack of support for physiotherapist prescribing in the workplace. Conclusions Exploring physiotherapists' attitudes towards medicines and barriers to implementation of prescribing offers the potential for supportive interventions and future research.
What are dietitians prescribing? An evaluation of the prescribing practice of a nutrition support dietitian
Authors: Culkin Alison 
Published: June 2022

Background In 2016, registered dietitians in the UK were granted supplementary prescribing rights. There is currently little published data on the prescribing practices of dietitians. Aim The prescribing practice of a nutrition support dietitian specialising in intestinal rehabilitation was evaluated. Methods Over a six-month period, the dietitian collected data on her prescribing practice using the hospital proforma and then transferred the information to Excel. Findings Over a 6 month period, the dietitian prescribed for 24 patients. The most common prescriptions included parenteral nutrition, intravenous fluids and electrolytes, oral rehydration solutions and micronutrients. Medications deprescribed included codeine phosphate, loperamide, lansoprazole, forceval and folic acid. Conclusion The evaluation demonstrated that a nutrition support dietitian was able to prescribe a range of different medications related to the nutritional management of patients with intestinal failure. Further work is required to assess patient satisfaction, economic impact and attitude of other healthcare professionals.
Traveling tunable laser projector for UV-blue disinfection dose determinations
Authors: Larason Thomas , Grantham Steven , Zarobila Clarence , Zong Yuqin , Schuit Michael , Holland Brian , Wood Stewart , Krause Melissa , Miller C. Cameron 
Published: June 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic was overtaking the world in the spring of 2020, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began collaborating with the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center to study the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after exposure to different ultraviolet (UV) and blue light wavelengths. This paper describes a 1 kHz pulsed laser and projection system used to study the doses required to inactive SARS-CoV-2 over the wavelength range of 222 to 488 nm. This paper builds on NIST’s previous work for water pathogen inactivation using UV laser irradiation. The design of the laser and projection system and its performance in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory are given. The SARS-CoV-2 inactivation results (published elsewhere by Schuit, M.A., et al., expected 2022) demonstrate that a tunable laser projection system is an invaluable tool for this research.
Data-dependent visualization of biological networks in the web-browser with NDExEdit
Authors: Auer Florian , Mayer Simone , Kramer Frank 
Published: June 2022

Networks are a common methodology used to capture increasingly complex associations between biological entities. They serve as a resource of biological knowledge for bioinformatics analyses, and also comprise the subsequent results. However, the interpretation of biological networks is challenging and requires suitable visualizations dependent on the contained information. The most prominent software in the field for the visualization of biological networks is Cytoscape, a desktop modeling environment also including many features for analysis.A further challenge when working with networks is their distribution. Within a typical collaborative workflow, even slight changes of the network data force one to repeat the visualization step as well. Also, just minor adjustments to the visual representation not only need the networks to be transferred back and forth. Collaboration on the same resources requires specific infrastructure to avoid redundancies, or worse, the corruption of the data. A well-established solution is provided by the NDEx platform where users can upload a network, share it with selected colleagues or make it publicly available.NDExEdit is a web-based application where simple changes can be made to biological networks within the browser, and which does not require installation. With our tool, plain networks can be enhanced easily for further usage in presentations and publications. Since the network data is only stored locally within the web browser, users can edit their private networks without concerns of unintentional publication. The web tool is designed to conform to the Cytoscape Exchange (CX) format as a data model, which is used for the data transmission by both tools, Cytoscape and NDEx. Therefore the modified network can be directly exported to the NDEx platform or saved as a compatible CX file, additionally to standard image formats like PNG and JPEG.
Elevated Lp(a) and course of COVID-19: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Pawlos Agnieszka , Gorzelak-Pabiś Paulina , Staciwa Mateusz , Broncel Marlena 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLipoprotein (a)–Lp(a) has proinflammatory, prothrombotic and proatherogenic properties and may theoretically influence the course of COVID-19.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore whether patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with Lp(a) ≥30mg/dl may develop a worse course of the disease, increased incidence of thromboembolic complications, intubation and ICU hospitalization or death.Patients and methodsA retrospective analysis was performed of 124 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology between 29 November 2020 and 15 April 2021. The only exclusion criterion was age≥80 years. Patients were divided into two groups: 1. COVID-19 patients with Lp(a) <30mg/dl regarded as not elevated n = 80; 2. COVID-19 patients with Lp(a) ≥30 regarded as elevated n = 44.ResultsA total of 124 COVID-19 patients were included in the study (66 men and 58 women) with a mean age of 62.8±11 years. COVID-19 patients with elevated Lp(a) level had significantly longer hospitalization time (11 vs. 9.5 days; p = 0.0362), more extensive radiological changes in CT scan (35 vs. 30%; p = 0.0301) and higher oxygen demand on admission (8 vs. 5L/min; p = 0.0428). Elevated Lp(a) was also associated with significantly higher OR for High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT) OR = 3.5 95%CI(1.2;8.9), p = 0.0140, Intubation and ICU OR = 4.1 95%CI(1.1;15.2) p = 0.0423, Death OR = 2.8 95%CI(0.9;8.5), p = 0.0409.ConclusionsElevated Lp(a) might be one of the factors which contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19; however, further studies including larger groups of patients are needed.
Predicting clinical pregnancy using clinical features and machine learning algorithms in in vitro fertilization
Authors: Wang Cheng-Wei , Kuo Chao-Yang , Chen Chi-Huang , Hsieh Yu-Hui , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Assisted reproductive technology has been proposed for women with infertility. Moreover, in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are increasing. Factors contributing to successful pregnancy have been widely explored. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms to construct prediction models for clinical pregnancies in IVF.

Materials and methods
A total of 24,730 patients entered IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with clinical pregnancy outcomes at Taipei Medical University Hospital. Data used included patient characteristics and treatment. We used machine learning methods to develop prediction models for clinical pregnancy and explored how each variable affects the outcome of interest using partial dependence plots.

Results
Experimental results showed that the random forest algorithm outperforms logistic regression in terms of areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve. The ovarian stimulation protocol is the most important factor affecting pregnancy outcomes. Long and ultra-long protocols have shown positive effects on clinical pregnancy among all protocols. Furthermore, total frozen and transferred embryos are positive for a clinical pregnancy, but female age and duration of infertility have negative effects on clinical pregnancy.

Conclusion
Our findings show the importance of variables and propensity of each variable by random forest algorithm for clinical pregnancy in the assisted reproductive technology cycle. This study provides a ranking of variables affecting clinical pregnancy and explores the effects of each treatment on successful pregnancy. Our study has the potential to help clinicians evaluate the success of IVF in patients.
Chronic kidney disease causes and outcomes in children: Perspective from a LMIC setting
Authors: Amanullah Farhana , Malik Amyn A. , Zaidi Zafar 
Published: June 2022

Background and objective
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a major public health challenge, with a global prevalence of 15–74.7 cases /million children. Preventing CKD in children, slowing its progression and management of complications are essential, especially in challenged health systems in low middle income countries (LMIC). We conducted a retrospective review to assess the underlying cause and stage of CKD at presentation and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents at the Indus Hospital and Health Network (IHHN) in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods
Children 0–16 years with CKD stage 1 and/or higher at presentation were included. Data including demographics, clinical status and lab results at presentation and during follow-up, surgical intervention if any, kidney function at last visit and outcome at last follow-up was recorded.

Results
A total of 229 children diagnosed with CKD are included in our study. The median age at diagnosis was 10 years with male: female ratio of 1.8:1. Only 5% children presented in stage 1 CKD. The rate of adverse outcomes is 4.5 times higher in children with CKD stage 3–5 compared to early CKD. Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) was the underlying cause in 49% children. Children with glomerular disease had comparatively worse outcome. Proteinuria, hypertension, anemia and bone disease were associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion
The true epidemiology of childhood CKD is unknown in Pakistan. Our cohort showed better CKD outcomes in children diagnosed early with appropriate surgical and medical follow-up. Prompt diagnosis, treatment and prevention of progression can be life-saving in our setting. CKD registry data can inform policy changes that can prevent poor outcomes.
Playing a musical instrument increases blood flow in the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Kawasaki Ai , Hayashi Naoyuki 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography suggest that many regions of the brain are activated by such complex muscle activity. Although these studies demonstrated relative increases in blood flow in some brain regions with increased neural activity, whether or not the absolute value of cerebral blood flow increases has yet to be elucidated. It also remains unknown whether playing musical instruments affects cerebral blood flow. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of playing a musical instrument on blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) by using Doppler ultrasound to measure absolute values of arterial flow velocity.

Methods
Thirteen musicians performed three pieces of music with different levels of difficulty: play for the first time (FS), music in practice (PR) and already mastered (MS) on either piano or violin. MCAv was recorded continuously from 10 min before until 10 min after playing. Associations between the cerebral blood flow response and blood pressure and gas-exchange variables were examined.

Results
PR and MS significantly increased the MCAv. The blood pressure increased significantly in performances of all difficulty levels except for MS. There were no significant changes in exhaled gas variables during the performance.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that playing a musical instrument increases MCAv, and that this change is influenced by the difficulty of the performance.
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Psychosocial Dysfunction in Patients With Functional Dysphagia: A Study Based on High-Resolution Impedance Manometry and Rome IV Criteria
Authors: Lu Po-Wen , Chen Chien-Chuan , Wu Jia-Feng , Lee Hui-Chuan , Lee Yi-Chia , Wang Hsiu-Po , Wu Ming-Shiang , Tseng Ping-Huei 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The pathophysiology of functional dysphagia as defined by the updated Rome IV criteria is complex and remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate its clinical characteristics and its association with psychosocial comorbidities.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients referred to our motility laboratory for evaluation of esophageal dysphagia were identified. All patients were assessed with upper endoscopy, high-resolution impedance manometry, and validated symptom questionnaires. Data from those who were diagnosed with functional dysphagia (n = 96) based on the Rome IV criteria were analyzed. Age- and sex-adjusted healthy volunteers were also enrolled for comparison. Psychiatric comorbidity and poor sleep quality were defined as total score of 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale ≥6 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥6, respectively.

RESULTS:
The age peak of patients with functional dysphagia was at 40–60 years (47.9%) with females predominant (67%). Forty-four patients (45.8%) had psychiatric comorbidities, whereas 80 (83.3%) experienced poor sleep quality. Female patients were more likely to have trouble falling asleep, shorter sleep duration, and severe bloating. Compared with the healthy volunteers, patients with functional dysphagia had higher 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (5.34 ± 3.91 vs 1.84 ± 2.61, 9.64 ± 4.13 vs 4.77 ± 3.60, both P < 0.001) but similar results on high-resolution impedance manometry. Those with ineffective esophageal motility (16.7%) had less sleep efficiency than those with normal motility.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with functional dysphagia were mainly middle-aged women and had a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and sleep disturbances, especially in female patients. Patients with functional dysphagia displayed similar esophageal motility as the healthy volunteers did.
Electrophysiological study of the effects of side products of RuBi-GABA uncaging on GABAA receptors in cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Gatta Elena , Bazzurro Virginia , Angeli Elena , Salis Annalisa , Damonte Gianluca , Cupello Aroldo , Robello Mauro , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study of the GABAA receptor itself and its pharmacology is of paramount importance for shedding light on the role of this receptor in the central nervous system. Caged compounds have emerged as powerful tools to support research in this field, as they allow to control, in space and time, the release of neurotransmitters enabling, for example, to map receptors’ distribution and dynamics. Here we focus on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-caged compounds, particularly on a commercial complex called RuBi-GABA, which has high efficiency of uncaging upon irradiation at visible wavelengths. We characterized, by electrophysiological measurements, the effects of RuBi-GABA on GABAA receptors of rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro. In particular, we evaluated the effects of side products obtained after RuBi-GABA photolysis. For this purpose, we developed a procedure to separate the “RuBi-cage” from GABA after uncaging RuBi-GABA with a laser source; then, we compared electrophysiological measurements acquired with and without administering the RuBi-cage in the perfusing bath. In conclusion, to investigate the role of the “cage” molecules both near and far from the cell soma, we compared experiments performed changing the distance of the uncaging point from the cell.
Non-English major students’ perceptions of aspects of their autonomous language learning
Authors: Nguyen Son Van , Habók Anita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study investigated the perceptions among non-English major students of autonomous language learning (ALL) of their responsibilities, ability to act autonomously, motivation to learn English, and autonomous activities within and outside of class. The data were collected using questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Nearly 300 students at a university in Hanoi, Vietnam, participated, 11 of whom were later interviewed. The analysis suggested that students preferred shared responsibilities. They were relatively confident in their abilities to act autonomously and were moderately to highly motivated to learn English. Nevertheless, ALL activities were conducted only on an irregular basis. Our results indicated that gender did not affect the implementation of ALL. The more motivated the students, the more frequently they practiced ALL activities. A relatively strong positive correlation was observed between self-perceived ALL abilities and activities. Some pedagogical implications were also extracted.
Stable Implementation of Adaptive IGABEM in 2D in MATLAB
Authors: Gantner Gregor , Praetorius Dirk , Schimanko Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report on the Matlab program package IGABEM2D which provides an easily accessible implementation of adaptive Galerkin boundary element methods in the frame of isogeometric analysis and which is available on the web for free download.
Numerical experiments with IGABEM2D underline the particular importance of adaptive mesh refinement for high accuracy in isogeometric analysis.
Old Babylonian Letters and Class Formation: tropes of sympathy and social proximity
Authors: Richardson Seth 
Published: June 2022

Abstracta re-analysis of Old Babylonian letters (2003–1595 BC) reveals the construction of class identity for men called “gentlemen” (awīlū) through their use of sympathetic expressions positioning correspondents as brothers, friends, colleagues, etc. While this observation is not new, this article makes two further points. First, I argue that class consciousness was created through the policing of failures to enact the social relations expressed in the letters, rather than superficial claims that such relations existed in the first place. This reading requires that we engage seriously with the contingent nature of class identity—that fears and anxieties about falling out of status were more in evidence as the motor for and incentive towards class membership than simple claims of inclusion or group solidarity. Second, I argue that the sympathy enjoined by the letters simulated the affective-spatial cognitive states necessary for group identity. Group problems of geographic and physical distance and even loneliness were solved by the letters’ production of sympathy. Not only does a sincere consideration of the subjective experience of class formation require an understanding of individual and group emotional states, the letters themselves, filled with expressions of pathos and worry, invite it.
The crystal structure of (R)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylisochroman-1-one, C11H12O4
Authors: Li Hong , Lin Can–Kai , Huang Rong-Chun , Chen Kai-Xin , Liang Hai-Xuan , Cai Yan-Jia , Chen Zi-Feng , Tao Yi-Wen , Ding Bo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C11H12O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 15.4586(2) Å, b = 7.80238(13) Å, c = 16.4003(2) Å, β = 91.0103(13)°, V = 1977.81(5) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0413, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1045, T = 180 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ4-(1R,2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-((7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate-κ4
O:O′:O″:O‴)sodium(I)] monohydrate, C21H22NNaO12S
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Huang Xiu-Xiang , Lan Jian-Jing , Yao Dong-Mei , Wang Yan-Ping , Liu Qiu-Ping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C21H22NNaO12S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.6850(1) Å, b = 10.8030(1) Å, c = 25.9262(2) Å, V = 2152.42(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0309, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0818, T = 100.0(4) K.
UDM (Unified Data Model) for chemical reactions – past, present and future
Authors: Tomczak Jarosław , Herzog Elena , Fischer Markus , Swienty-Busch Juergen , van den Broek Frederik , Whittick Gabrielle , Kappler Michael , Jones Brian , Blanke Gerd 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The UDM (Unified Data Model) is an open, extendable and freely available data format for the exchange of experimental information about compound synthesis and testing. The UDM had been initially developed in a collaborative project between Elsevier and Roche, where chemical reactions data from a variety of disparate data sources existing at Roche was consolidated and integrated into the Roche in-house version of the Reaxys database. Elsevier adapted the UDM model to its needs and finally donated its pre-4.0 release to the Pistoia Alliance for further development together with the five project founders (Elsevier, Roche, BIOVIA, GSK and Novartis, joined later by BMS), who contributed with funding and expertise to the Pistoia Alliance UDM project between 2017 and 2020. The latest UDM version 6.0 has been made freely available for the community under the MIT license in January 2021. The past, present, and future of the UDM exchange format are discussed in this article and factors that contribute to the successful adoption of the UDM format.