bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising breathlessness triggered services for older people with advanced diseases: a multicentre economic study (OPTBreathe)
Authors: Yi Deokhee , Reilly Charles C , Wei Gao , Higginson Irene J 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIn advanced disease, breathlessness becomes severe, increasing health services use. Breathlessness triggered services demonstrate effectiveness in trials and meta-analyses but lack health economic assessment.MethodsOur economic study included a discrete choice experiment (DCE), followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis modelling. The DCE comprised face-to-face interviews with older patients with chronic breathlessness and their carers across nine UK centres. Conditional logistic regression analysis of DCE data determined the preferences (or not, indicated by negative β coefficients) for service attributes. Economic modelling estimated the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over 5 years.FindingsThe DCE recruited 190 patients and 68 carers. Offering breathlessness services in person from general practitioner (GP) surgeries was not preferred (β=−0.30, 95% CI −0.40 to −0.21); hospital outpatient clinics (0.16, 0.06 to 0.25) or via home visits (0.15, 0.06 to 0.24) were preferred. Inperson services with comprehensive treatment review (0.15, 0.07 to 0.21) and holistic support (0.19, 0.07 to 0.31) were preferred to those without. Cost-effectiveness analysis found the most and the least preferred models of breathlessness services were cost-effective compared with usual care. The most preferred service had £5719 lower costs (95% CI −6043 to 5395), with 0.004 (95% CI −0.003 to 0.011) QALY benefits per patient. Uptake was higher when attributes were tailored to individual preferences (86% vs 40%).ConclusionBreathlessness services are cost-effective compared with usual care for health and social care, giving cost savings and better quality of life. Uptake of breathlessness services is higher when service attributes are individually tailored.
Tsallis entropy inspires geometric thermodynamics of specific black hole
Authors: Rani Shamaila , Jawad Abdul , Moradpour Hooman , Tanveer Aqsa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the thermodynamics of five-dimensional Schwarzschild AdS black hole in $$AdS_5 \times S^5$$

A
d

S
5

×

S
5

spacetime in the presence of Tsallis entropy. Since the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
is considered as thermodynamical pressure with volume as its conjugate, but this explanation cannot be employed in AdS/CFT correspondence. In this study, we associate cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
in boundary gauge theory with the number of colors N and chemical potential is taken to be its thermodynamic conjugate. The two geometric parameters in the AdS black hole, r and L are substituted for two thermodynamic parameters in the micro-canonical ensemble, which are considered to be entropy S and $$N^2$$

N
2

. Moreover, we evaluate several thermodynamical geometry formulations, including Weinhold, Ruppeiner, and Quevedo and derive associated scalar curvatures for five-dimensional Schwarzschild AdS black hole. It is suggested that all these geometries show repulsive/attractive forces on the particles at different phases of entropy.
Slope Topography Monitoring Based on UAV Tilt Photography Technology and Sensor Technology
Authors: Cao Jianfeng , Dai Yunfei , Hu Liqiang , Liang Yiju , Liu Yuan , Yang Bo 
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems of high risk and low efficiency of the traditional rock mass structure logging method of open-pit mine slope, this paper proposes a method to improve the geological logging of traditional open-pit mine slope by using UAV tilt photography technology. Taking the slope of an open-pit quarry as an example, this method expounds the application method and work flow of UAV photography technology in geological logging. The experimental results show that the maximum and minimum absolute errors in the

X

direction of UAV test are 5.1 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively; MAE value is 2.90 cm; and RMSE value is 3.17 cm. The maximum and minimum absolute errors in

Y

direction are 3.3 cm and 0.9CM, respectively; MAE value is 2.36 cm; and RMSE value is 2.498 cm. Vertical error refers to the error in elevation. The maximum and minimum absolute errors in

Z

direction are 9.6 cm and 5.7 cm, respectively; MAE value is 7.44 cm; and RMSE value is 7.54 cm. Conclusion. The reliability of this technology is verified by comparing the occurrence measured by compass and that calculated by point cloud. On this basis, the dominant occurrence of structural plane is divided, which provides basic data support for the analysis of mine slope stability.
Imaging Glioblastoma Response to Radiotherapy Using 2H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurements of Fumarate Metabolism
Authors: Hesse Friederike , Wright Alan J. , Somai Vencel , Bulat Flaviu , Kreis Felix , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Early detection of tumor cell death in glioblastoma following treatment with chemoradiation has the potential to distinguish between true disease progression and pseudoprogression. Tumor cell death can be detected noninvasively in vivo by imaging the production of [2,3-2H2]malate from [2,3-2H2]fumarate using 2H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging. We show here that 2H MR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging measurements of [2,3-2H2]fumarate metabolism can detect tumor cell death in orthotopically implanted glioblastoma models within 48 hours following the completion of chemoradiation. Following the injection of [2,3-2H2]fumarate into tumor-bearing mice, production of [2,3-2H2]malate was measured in a human cell line–derived model and in radiosensitive and radioresistant patient-derived models of glioblastoma that were treated with temozolomide followed by targeted fractionated irradiation. The increase in the [2,3-2H2]malate/[2,3-2H2]fumarate signal ratio posttreatment, which correlated with histologic assessment of cell death, was a more sensitive indicator of treatment response than diffusion-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced 1H MRI measurements, which have been used clinically to detect responses of glioblastoma to chemoradiation. Overall, early detection of glioblastoma cell death using 2H MRI of malate production from fumarate could help improve the clinical evaluation of response to chemoradiation.

Significance:
2H magnetic resonance imaging of labeled fumarate metabolism can detect early evidence of tumor cell death following chemoradiation, meeting a clinical need to reliably detect treatment response in glioblastoma.
Expanding the Full Potential of Liquid Biopsies for Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Malapelle Umberto , Russo Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

In recent years, there has been tremendous therapeutic progress for advanced lung cancer, leading to the identification of a multitude of therapeutic targets and significantly expanding the list of potential target genes to be tested. However, precision oncology requires knowledge of the exact biology of the tumor through sequencing of the cancer genome, which is hampered by limited tissue availability in thoracic malignancies. Liquid biopsy, namely plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis, has expanded these opportunities and is now firmly established in the diagnostic algorithm of patients with lung cancer with metastatic disease. However, the full potential of this powerful tool has been largely underexplored. In this issue of Cancer Research, Nair and colleagues provide evidence of the clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cfDNA profiling through an ultra-deep next-generation sequencing approach. The study findings support further development of BAL cfDNA analysis for tumor genotyping, besides the current gold standard sources (tissue and plasma), as a complementary tool in patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy for tumor diagnosis and/or rebiopsy, increasing the success rates of genomic analyses. In addition, BAL cfDNA profiling might represent an important diagnostic tool in early-stage lung cancer, outperforming plasma cfDNA in stage I–II and detecting field cancerization signs, potentially identifying tumors before their clinical appearance. Further studies should confirm the full potential of BAL cfDNA profiling in lung cancer and its place in the large family of liquid biopsies.See related article by Nair et al., p. 2838
Temporal Trends of Heart Failure Hospitalizations in Cardiology Versus Noncardiology Wards According to Ejection Fraction: 16-Year Data From the SwedeHF Registry
Authors: Canepa Marco , Kapelios Chris J. , Benson Lina , Savarese Gianluigi , Lund Lars H. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) may receive different care depending on type of ward. We describe temporal changes in triage of HF patients with preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF) hospitalized for AHF to cardiology versus noncardiology wards in Sweden.

Methods:
We analyzed temporal changes in ward type for AHF for HFrEF versus HFmrEF versus HFpEF between 2000 and 2016.

Results:
Among 37 918 patients with AHF, 19 777 (52%) had HFrEF, 7712 (20%) had HFmrEF, and 10 429 (28%) had HFpEF. Overall, 19 646 (52%) were hospitalized in cardiology and 18 272 (48%) in noncardiology. The proportions hospitalized in noncardiology in 2000 to 2004 versus in 2013 to 2016 were for HFrEF: 45 versus 47%, for HFmrEF: 52 versus 56%, and for HFpEF: 46 versus 64%, respectively. The overall proportion of HFrEF in 2000 to 2004 versus in 2013 to 2016 decreased (60% versus 49%) especially in noncardiology (58% versus 41%), whereas the overall proportion of HFpEF increased (20% versus 30%) especially in noncardiology (21% versus 37%). The average age and prevalence of comorbidities also increased over time, with older patients with multiple comorbidities being more frequently admitted to noncardiology wards.

Conclusions:
Over time, AHF hospitalization for HFpEF occurred increasingly in noncardiology, whereas for HFrEF and HFmrEF the proportions of patients treated in cardiology versus noncardiology were substantially unchanged over time. This may have implications for implementation of emerging HFpEF therapy.
Variation in Left Ventricular Assist Device Postdischarge Caregiver Requirements: Results From a Mixed-Methods Study With Equity Implications
Authors: Knoepke Christopher E. , Siry-Bove Bonnie , Mayton Caitlin , Latimer Abigail , Hart Jan , Allen Larry A. , Daugherty Stacie L. , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Matlock Daniel D. , Khazanie Prateeti 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) evaluation includes a psychosocial assessment, conducted by social workers (SWs) on the advanced heart failure multidisciplinary team. Postdischarge caregiving plans are central to psychosocial evaluation. Caregiving’s relationship with LVAD outcomes is mixed, and testing patients’ social resources may disadvantage those from historically undertreated groups. We describe variation in policies defining adequate caregiving plans post-LVAD implant and possible impacts on patients from marginalized groups.

Methods:
This was a 2-phase sequential mixed-methods study: (1) phase 1, survey of US-based LVAD SWs, describing assessment structure and policies guiding candidacy outcomes; and (2) phase 2, individual interviews with SWs to further describe how caregiving plan adequacy impacts LVAD candidacy.

Results:
Sixty-seven SWs returned surveys (rr=47%) from unique programs. Caregiving plan inadequacy (n=30) was the most common psychosocial dealbreaker. When asked what duration of caregiving is required, 23% indicated ≥3 months, 27% 4 to 12 weeks, and 30% <4 weeks. Two reported no duration requirement, 6 stated an indefinite 24/7 commitment was necessary. Across 22 interviews, SWs mirrored that caregiving plans were the most common psychosocial contraindication. How caregiving is operationalized varied. Participants voiced a tension between extended caregiving improving outcomes and the sense that some people of color, women, or low socioeconomic status patients struggle to meet stringent requirements.

Conclusions:
Policies regarding adequate duration of 24/7 caregiving vary, but inadequate caregiving plans are the most common psychosocial contraindication. Participants worry about patients’ ability to meet restrictive requirements, particularly from historically undertreated groups. This highlights a need to operationalize quality caregiving, standardize assessment, and support medically appropriate patients with strained social resources.
Diffusion of Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in US Markets
Authors: Bjarnason Thorarinn A. , Mentias Amgad , Panaich Sidakpal , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary , Gao Yubo , Desai Milind , Pandey Ambarish , Dhruva Sanket S. , Desai Nihar R. , Girotra Saket 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Percutaneous ventricular assist devices (PVADs) have been replacing intra-aortic balloon pumps for hemodynamic support during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), even though data supporting a benefit for hard clinical end points remain limited. We evaluated diffusion of PVADs across US markets and examined the association of market utilization of PVAD with mortality and cost.

Methods:
Using the 2013 to 2019 Medicare data, we identified all patients aged ≥65 years who underwent PCI with either a PVAD or intra-aortic balloon pump. We used hospital referral region to define regional health care markets and categorized them in quartiles based on the proportional use of PVADs during PCI. Multilevel models were constructed to determine the association of patient, hospital, and market factors with utilization of PVADs and the association of PVAD utilization with 30-day mortality and cost.

Results:

A total of 79 176 patients underwent PCI with either intra-aortic balloon pump (47 514 [60.0%]) or PVAD (31 662 [40.0%]). The proportion of PCI procedures with PVAD increased over time (17% in 2013 to 57% in 2019;
P
for trend, <0.001), such that PVADs overtook intra-aortic balloon pump for hemodynamic support during PCI in 2018. There was a large variation in PVAD utilization across markets (range, 0%–85%), which remained unchanged after adjustment of patient characteristics (median odds ratio, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.91–2.17]). The presence of acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and emergent status was associated with a 45% to 50% lower odds of PVAD use suggesting that PVADs were less likely to be used in the sickest patients. Greater utilization of PVAD at the market level was not associated with lower risk mortality but was associated with higher cost.

Conclusions:
Although utilization of PVADs for PCI continues to increase, there is large variation in PVAD utilization across markets. Greater market utilization of PVADs was not associated with lower mortality but was associated with higher cost.
Male and female reproductive systems of the pseudocycnid copepod Cybicola armatus (Bassett-Smith, 1898) (Siphonostomatoida) infecting the commercially important scombrid fish Scomberomorus commerson: a light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Helna A. K. , Kappalli Sudha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cybicola armatus (Bassett-Smith, 1898), a host-specific parasitic copepod, massively infects gill filaments of the scombrid fish, Scomberomorus commerson. While the female attaches to the host fish’s gills, the relatively small-sized male prefers to attach to the female genital somite in copulatory position. To our knowledge this is the first report on the structural features of male and female reproductive organs of C. armatus, a pseudocycnid parasite, using morphological, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural parameters. In males, the sac-like testis is followed by a highly coiled vas deferens ending with a bulbous spermatophore sac in which the round-shaped spermatozoa are abundantly seen. Histologically, germ cells in the testis are at different maturation stages and region-specific. In females, the ovaries are comprised of germarium, previtellogenic oocytes and follicle cells. However, interestingly, mature vitellogenic oocytes enveloped by follicular cells are seen only in the oviducts, which are ensheathed by longitudinal and circular muscle bands. The spermathecae of the post-copulatory females contain filiform spermatozoa, while in pre-copulatory specimens, the spermathecae appear as thin, flabby structures. The post-copulatory female carries spermatophore sacs at her genital orfice. The developing eggs in the egg sacs did not display synchrony with respect to stages of embryogenesis, as borne out from histological studies. The currently reported study also demonstrates, for the first time, the copulatory events of C. armatus that help us understand the mode of sperm transfer in this fish parasite. The total of information derived from the currently reported study is pertinent not only from the perspective of understanding the reproductive mechanism and adaptive strategies of a potential, but rather unexplored pseudocycnid copepod. Rather, it throws light as well on the necessity and, until now, inadequacy of investigations on parasitic crustaceans that inflict heavy damage to fisheries and contaminate the aquatic ecosystem.
Demographic characteristics and stock assessment of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata) in Pulicat Lake, southeast coast of India
Authors: Jesintha N. , Jayakumar N. , Karuppasamy K. , Madhavi K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Demographic characteristics and stock status of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon were investigated in Pulicat Lake, southeast coast of India, using the FiSAT II software package. The asymptotic length () and growth coefficient (K) were estimated as 20.44 cm and 0.90 year−1, respectively, by the ELEFAN method. The growth performance index (Ø′) was calculated as 2.575. The mortality parameters Z, F and M were computed to be 3.70, 2.15 and 1.55 year−1, respectively. The recruitment pattern was found to be continuous throughout the year with a peak in June and July. The estimated MSY and annual catch were 81.90 tonnes and 95.18 tonnes, respectively. The current exploitation rate (E) was found to be relatively higher than the optimum level. Hence it is recommended that the current effort level be decreased by 13.9% in order to sustain the fishery of this particular species in Pulicat Lake.
Team Situation Awareness, Cohesion, and Autonomic Synchrony
Authors: Guastello Stephen J. , Bednarczyk Cooper , Hagan Ryan , Johnson Camerhon , Marscisek Laura , McGuigan Laura , Peressini Anthony F. 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study evaluated the causal relationships among situation awareness (SA), cohesion, and autonomic synchrony ( S E) within teams. SA is often a team effort and should be more accurate in better-functioning teams. Background Cohesive teams perform better overall, although the relationship appears reciprocal; the relationship to SA has not been considered previously. S E is a collective neurocognitive activity that has been connected to team coordination, communication, and performance in some circumstances. Method In this experiment, 71 undergraduates, organized into 16 teams, played two matches of a first-person shooter computer game and completed self-report measures of cohesion and SA. S E was determined through time series analysis of electrodermal responses using the driver-empath framework. Results Empaths and those who came from more synchronized teams reported less cohesion in the team. Granger causality regression showed reciprocal relations among SA, S E , and cohesion that were both positive and negative after controlling for match difficulty. Conclusion The cohesion-SA relationship is similar to the reciprocal cohesion-performance relationship. S E plays an important and independent role in both the social and cognitive aspects of team behavior. It is possible, furthermore, that individuals who are more attuned to their co-workers reported a more accurate, and less obliging, social situation. Application Results are applicable to situations requiring teamwork in a dynamic environment.
Effect of waiting time for COVID-19 screening on postoperative outcomes of type A aortic dissection: An institutional study
Authors: Hishikawa Takanori , Ohashi Takeki , Tadakoshi Masao , Kamikawa Yuji , Kageyama Soichiro , Kojima Akinori , Hioki Kaoru , Yamauchi Hirotaka 
Published: August 2022

Background Since November 2020, all patients undergoing emergency surgery at our hospital have been subjected to preoperative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening to prevent nosocomial COVID-19 infection, with admission to the operating room requiring a negative result. Herein, we compared the pre- and postoperative outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection surgery before and after implementing the RT-PCR screening for all patients. Methods We compared the postoperative results of 105 patients who underwent acute type A aortic dissection emergency surgery from January 2019 to October 2020 (Group I) and 109 patients who underwent the surgery following RT-PCR screening from November 2020 to March 2022 (Group II). Results The average waiting time from arrival at the hospital to admission to the operating room was 36 and 81 min in Groups I and II, respectively. Ruptured cardiac tamponade was observed preoperatively in 26.6% and 21.1% of Groups I and II patients, respectively. The preoperative waiting time due to RT-PCR screening did not contribute to the cardiac tamponade. Surgical complications such as bleeding (reopened chest), respiratory failure, cerebral neuropathy, or mediastinitis did not increase significantly. The number of deaths 30 days after surgery (Group I = 13 and Group II = 3) showed no significant difference between the groups. There were no cases of nosocomial COVID-19 infections. Conclusions Preoperative COVID-19 screening is an important method to prevent nosocomial infections. The associated waiting time did not affect the number of preoperative ruptures or affect postoperative complications or mortality.
A Review of Historical Context and Current Research on Cannabis Use in India
Authors: Karki Prakat , Rangaswamy Madhavi 
Published: August 2022

Background: The cultivation and use of cannabis is historically rooted in the Indian subcontinent and this rich heritage of cannabis use dates back to at least two thousand years. Cannabis remains an illicit substance in India despite its changing status globally with many countries legalizing cannabis use in recent years. Scientific research on cannabis use in India has also been sparse. Method: Extensive search of online databases resulted in the identification of 29 original research studies pertaining to one of three areas of cannabis research; a) prevalence of cannabis use b) psychological correlates of cannabis use, c) cannabis use in substance use treatment settings. Findings: We found that most Indian studies used very basic quantitative research designs and had poor scientific rigor. Samples were small, region specific and included only males. Data analyses were limited to descriptive methods. The criteria for cannabis use in most of the reviewed studies were not rigorous and prone to biases. Conclusion & Implications: With changing attitudes and loosening of restrictions on cannabis use, the prevalence of new users is rising dramatically particularly in the college going population. This presents a strong need for research on motivations and attitudes to cannabis use and how those can influence patterns of use, and also the short- and long-term effects of use. More studies with stronger research designs (both cross sectional and longitudinal) are required for the study of cannabis use and this knowledge will be critical for managing the growing substance epidemic, generating public health solutions as well as formulating effective policy frameworks.