bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral Imaging for Non-destructive Testing of Composite Materials and Defect Classification
Authors: Patil Trunal , Pagano Claudia , Marani Roberto , D’Orazio Tiziana , Copani Giacomo , Fassi Irene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon fiber composite materials are intensively used in many manufacturing domains such as aerospace, aviation, marine, automation and civil industries due to their excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight properties. However, their increased use requires a conscious awareness of their entire life cycle and not only of their manufacturing. Therefore, to reduce waste and increase sustainability, reparation, reuse, or recycling are recommended in case of defects and wear. This can be largely improved with reliable and efficient non-destructive defect detection techniques; those are able to identify damages automatically for quality control inspection, supporting the definition of the best circular economy options. Hyperspectral imaging techniques provide unique features for detecting physical and chemical alterations of any material and, in this study, it is proposed to identify the constitutive material and classify local defects of composite specimens. A Middle Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (MWIR-HSI) system, able to capture spectral signatures of the specimen surfaces in a range of wavelengths between 2.6757 and 5.5056 µm, has been used. The resulting signatures feed a deep neural network with three convolutional layers that filter the input and isolate data-driven features of high significance. A complete experimental case study is presented to validate the methodology, leading to an average classification accuracy of 93.72%. This opens new potential opportunities to enable sustainable life cycle strategies for carbon fiber composite materials.
Methoden
Authors: Lorenz Sandro 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungUm auf der einen Seite den Zieldimensionen Patientenzufriedenheit und Prozessqualität von Patientinnen und Patienten in der Prämedikationsambulanz und auf der anderen Seite der Präoperativen Angst eines gemischten chirurgischen Patientenguts näher zu kommen, wurde ein quantitatives, exploratives Querschnittsdesign gewählt um einen – zum aktuellen Erhebungszeitpunkt – repräsentativen Befund der Patientenzufriedenheit und Präoperativen Angst zu ermitteln sowie insbesondere die Prävalenz der Präoperativen Angst zu erfassen als auch zusätzlich mögliche Korrelationen relevanter Einflussgrößen auf Zufriedenheit und Präoperative Angst detektieren zu können.
Problem
Authors: Lorenz Sandro 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Prämedikationsambulanz in Bezug auf die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung, die Patientenzufriedenheit und die Präoperative Angst aber auch auf ihre Rolle als Schnittstelle im Gesamtbehandlungsprozess des chirurgischen Patienten ist bereits im vorherigen Kapitel besprochen worden. Darüber hinaus ist die Anästhesieambulanz mittlerweile mit neuen Aufgaben wie der Rekrutierung von Patienten für klinische Studien, Eigenblutspenden aber auch der Disposition von Privatpatienten betraut; sie ist zu einer zentralen Schnittstelle im Rahmen der Operativen Medizin und des Prozessmanagements geworden [44, 45].
Prämedikationsambulanz
Authors: Lorenz Sandro 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungUm die moderne Prämedikations- oder auch Anästhesieambulanz historisch einordnen zu können, ist es sinnvoll zu betonen, dass es sich auch bei dem Fachgebiet, aus dem diese Einrichtung stammt, um eine junge Disziplin, des Fächerkanons der Humanmedizin handelt [49]. Zu erkennen ist dies anhand der Tatsache, dass erst im Jahr 1960 Dr. Rudolph Frey den ersten, zunächst noch außerordentlichen, Lehrstuhl für Anästhesiologie besetzte [50]. Die Rolle des eigenständigen Fachgebietes Anästhesiologie war in Deutschland in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren noch im Aufbau begriffen [51].
Experience Them, Love Them, Protect Them—Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed People’s Perception of Urban and Suburban Green Spaces and Their Conservation Targets?
Authors: Tansil Donna , Plecak Christian , Taczanowska Karolina , Jiricka-Pürrer Alexandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPublic green and open spaces fulfil various social, ecological, economic, and aesthetic roles, which can be complementary while also competing with one another. The COVID-19 pandemic catalysed multiple societal changes, including citizens’ perception, needs and expectations relating to urban green spaces. This article discusses the extent to which the temporally and geographically changed patterns of experiencing these natural spaces also influenced users’ perception and behaviour as well as their appreciation of the conservation areas. The study is based upon two surveys carried out in the greater metropolitan region of Vienna, the capital city of Austria. A quantitative survey (representative online panel) among Viennese population (n = 1012), as well as qualitive interviews with experts responsible for conservation areas, administrators of federal parks, along with NGOs representatives were carried out in spring and summer 2021. Our study shows changed perception of urban citizens towards green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increased importance of time spent in nature (68%) and possibility to visit large green areas (67%) was reported by Viennese citizens. Also, higher recognition of green spaces located close to home was observed among 69% of the respondents. There were significant differences in opinions on green areas during the pandemic in various age and gender groups. Thus, the presented study contributes to the ongoing international discussion on the transition of societal needs and its effects on urban green spaces induced by the pandemic. Presented results highlight the need of urgent transformation towards a more sustainable, resilient and healthy urban space.
Gemini connector
Authors: Grossmann Vasco , Nakath David , Koch Reinhard , Köser Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpectacular advances have been made in the field of machine vision over the past decade. While this discipline is traditionally driven by geometric models, neural networks have proven to be superior in some applications and have significantly expanded the limits of what is possible. At the same time, conventional graphic models describe the relationship between images and the associated scene with textures and light in a physically realistic manner and are an important part of photogrammetry. Differential renderers combine these approaches by enabling gradient-based optimization in fixed structures of a graphics pipeline and thus adapt the learning process of neural networks. This fusion of formalized knowledge and machine learning motivates the idea of a modular differentiable renderer in which physical and statistical models can be recombined depending on the use case. We therefore present Gemini Connector: an initiative for the modular development and combination of differentiable physical models and neural networks. We examine opportunities and problems and motivate the idea with the extension of a differentiable rendering pipeline to include models of underwater optics for the analysis of deep sea images. Finally, we discuss use cases, especially within the Cross-Domain Fusion initiative.
Nocturnal Red Light Application Modulated the Fumonisin B1-Induced Changes in Glutathione Transferases of Different Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Pelsőczi Alina , Horváth Edit , Czékus Zalán , Kukri András , Poór Péter , Gallé Ágnes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant defense responses againstFusariuminfection can be controlled by light. In this study, the effects of nocturnal red light were investigated on glutathione transferases (GSTs) in the leaves of the moderate- and high-Fusariumresistant wheat cultivars, GK Ígéret and GK Arató, respectively. GST activity increased in the light phase during the day, while it decreased after midnight. Since GST activity was lowest at midnight, we examined whether red light application at midnight could prevent the night-time drop in enzyme activity. We found that 15-min-long nocturnal red light application was effective to increase GST activity at dawn. The effects of red light pretreatments on GST expression and activity, as well as the oxidative stress induced by fumonisin B1 (FB1), were investigated. FB1 exposure increased GST activity and the expression ofGSTgenes at dawn but nocturnal red light application in combination with the mycotoxin also increased GST activity and the transcript levels of the selectedGSTs in the resistant GK Arató. In addition to its effects on GSTs, it was discovered that, depending on the degree of tolerance, nocturnal red light increased the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes at dawn in both of the chosen wheat genotypes. These decreased FB1’s oxidative stress-causing actions, resulting in lower lipid peroxidation and less cell viability loss when exposed to the mycotoxin. Pretreatment with nocturnal red light enhanced the activity of GST and antioxidant enzymes in wheat plant leaves, contributing to FB1 detoxification and reducing oxidative stress.
Lymphedema after pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy—results of a systematic evaluation in patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Armbrust R. , Auletta V. , Cichon G. , Vercellino G. , Yost K. , Sehouli J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Lymphedema is a frequent complication after surgical treatment in gynecological oncology with substantial impact on patients´ Quality of Life (QoL). Little is known about screening instruments and prevention. Primary objective was to develop and validate the German version of a 13 items screening questionnaire (SQ) developed by Yost et al. to provide a valid instrument for early diagnosis of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL).

Methods
After translation the SQ was used in pt. with cervical or endometrial cancer who underwent pelvic/paraaortic Lymphadenectomy. Sensitivity and specifity were analysed regarding possible prediction and influencing factors of LEL.

Results
67 pt. had LEL (N = 128). Nearly 50% of women in each group (38 in LEL + e 30 in LEL − ) had a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Number of removed lymphnodes, radiotherapy and were significantly associated with development of LEL. Translated Mayo Clinic questionnaire can be used with reliable specifity and sensitivity. Four additional questions improved the diagnostic accuracy of the SQ.

Conclusions
The translated SQ is a valuable and predictive tool for screening and early detection of LEL in Gynecological cancer surgery and can even improved by adding simple questions.
A matter of space: how the spatial heterogeneity in energy deposition determines the biological outcome of radiation exposure
Authors: Baiocco Giorgio , Bartzsch Stefan , Conte Valeria , Friedrich Thomas , Jakob Burkhard , Tartas Adrianna , Villagrasa Carmen , Prise Kevin M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe outcome of the exposure of living organisms to ionizing radiation is determined by the distribution of the associated energy deposition at different spatial scales. Radiation proceeds through ionizations and excitations of hit molecules with an ~ nm spacing. Approaches such as nanodosimetry/microdosimetry and Monte Carlo track-structure simulations have been successfully adopted to investigate radiation quality effects: they allow to explore correlations between the spatial clustering of such energy depositions at the scales of DNA or chromosome domains and their biological consequences at the cellular level. Physical features alone, however, are not enough to assess the entity and complexity of radiation-induced DNA damage: this latter is the result of an interplay between radiation track structure and the spatial architecture of chromatin, and further depends on the chromatin dynamic response, affecting the activation and efficiency of the repair machinery. The heterogeneity of radiation energy depositions at the single-cell level affects the trade-off between cell inactivation and induction of viable mutations and hence influences radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In radiation therapy, where the goal is cancer cell inactivation, the delivery of a homogenous dose to the tumour has been the traditional approach in clinical practice. However, evidence is accumulating that introducing heterogeneity with spatially fractionated beams (mini- and microbeam therapy) can lead to significant advantages, particularly in sparing normal tissues. Such findings cannot be explained in merely physical terms, and their interpretation requires considering the scales at play in the underlying biological mechanisms, suggesting a systemic response to radiation.
Long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and a new approach for partial responders
Authors: Bosch-Ramírez M. , Sánchez-Guillén L. , Alcaide-Quirós M. J. , Aguilar-Martínez M. M. , Bellón-López M. , López Delgado A. , López-Rodríguez-Arias F. , Muñoz-Duyos A. , Barber-Valles X. , Arroyo A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for patients with faecal incontinence (FI) refractory to conservative treatment. Secondary aims were to identify predictors of response and validate new treatment pathways for partial responders.

Methods
A prospective, interventional study was carried out in a specialist defecatory disorder unit from a university hospital between January 2010 and June 2017 on patients > 18 years old with FI refractory to conservative treatment. Thirty-minute PTNS sessions were performed in three phases (weekly, biweekly and monthly) up to a year, with clinical reassessment at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months.
Patients were classified as optimal responders when their pretreatment Wexner score decreased > 50%; partial responders when it decreased 25–50%; and insufficient responders if it decreased < 25%. Only optimal and partial responders progressed into successive phases.

Results
Between 2010 and 2017, 139 patients (110 women, median age 63 years [range 22–82 years]) were recruited. After the first phase, 4 patients were optimal responders, 93 were partial responders and 36 were insufficient responders. At 6 and 12 months, 66 and 89 patients respectively were optimal responders, with an optimal response rate of 64% at the end of treatment. A total of 93.3% patients with a partial response initially finally became optimal responders. Furthermore, at 36 months, 71.9% of patients were still optimal responders without supplementary treatment, although their quality of life did not improve significantly. Baseline Wexner scores ≤ 10 and symptom duration < 1 year were identified as predictive factors for positive responses to PTNS.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing PTNS for 1 year following this protocol had optimal long-term responses. PTNS sessions for up to 1 year in patients who were partial responders prevents a high percentage of them from needing more invasive treatments, and maintains long-term continence in patients who were optimal responders.
Male plumage signal expression is related to feather corticosterone concentration in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
Authors: Moreno Juan , López-Arrabé Jimena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMale signals may express the capacity to sustain environmental challenges. In some migratory birds like the Pied FlycatcherFicedula hypoleuca, plumage ornaments are molted in the winter quarters shortly before spring migration while most feathers are replaced shortly after the breeding season in the breeding areas. The concentration of corticosterone in feathers (CORTf) may relate to baseline CORT levels at the time of molt which could be expressed through plumage signals. Male Pied Flycatchers present white patches on forehead feathers and tertials which are molted before spring migration and on secondaries and primaries replaced after breeding. They also express a variable degree of melanisation of head and back feathers molted in the wintering areas. All these plumage traits have been previously shown to function in social contests and/or mate attraction. Here we have collected tertials on the two wings and two tail feathers, molted in wintering and breeding areas respectively, of males in a Spanish montane population and analysed CORTf in the laboratory with standard enzyme immunoassays. There is no correlation within individuals between CORTf in the two types of feathers, although levels are similar. The size of the forehead patch is negatively associated with CORTf in tail feathers, mainly in small males, while the blackness of head and back is negatively related to CORTf in tertials, mainly in large males. The size of the wing patch composed of patches on feathers molted both in wintering (tertials) and breeding areas (primaries and secondaries) is not related to CORTf in any type of feather. Different male plumage traits thus may reflect circulating CORT levels during molt processes occurring in the wintering respectively breeding range as expressed by CORTf in different types of feathers.
Voronoi Meshing to Accurately Capture Geological Structure in Subsurface Simulations
Authors: LaForce Tara , Ebeida Mohamed , Jordan Spencer , Miller Terry A. , Stauffer Philip H. , Park Heeho , Leone Rosie , Hammond Glenn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesh generation lies at the interface of geological modeling and reservoir simulation. Highly skewed or very small grid cells may be necessary to accurately capture the geometry of geological features, but the resulting poorly scaled or small grid cells can have a substantial negative impact on simulator accuracy and speed. One way to minimize numerical errors caused by gridding complex structures is to simulate on high-quality Voronoi meshes, which reduce grid orientation effects in fluid flow. This work presents a complete methodology to create Voronoi simulation grids, model fluid flow in complex geological systems, and visualize the results. A recently developed Voronoi meshing method that can automatically generate provably good unstructured meshes that conform to input surfaces creating closed volumes is used. Initially an analytical benchmark simulation is presented to validate the quality of the meshes and simulation results and demonstrate the superiority of simulation results using Voronoi meshes over flexed-hexahedral meshes on a domain with internal features. Next, meshes are created for test structures representing four of the most common geological features in the subsurface: layering, pinch-out, an interior lens that tapers to zero thickness on all sides and a fault with offset. Two benchmark flow simulations are run for each test structure. Finally, a realistic geological example for CO$$_2$$

2

injection into an anticline is simulated. Three realizations of the Voronoi mesh at the same resolution are generated for the simulations. Each mesh is highly refined near the injection wells and coarse in areas of less interest. These three meshes are used to model the CO$$_2$$

2

plume in the subsurface as it migrates to the top of the structure and then fills downward. Simulations on the meshes with randomly generated elements inside the input volumes each give slightly different fingering patterns for the viscous-unstable buoyant gas flow. The results presented in this work show a promising step towards utilizing fully automated Voronoi meshing for subsurface flow simulations in complex geology.
Suction effects during uplift of steel pipes buried in compacted soil
Authors: Wu Jinbiao , Kouretzis George , Pineda Jubert , Ouyang Kaiwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on quantifying the effects of soil suction on the resistance offered by compacted unsaturated backfills to uplift of buried steel pipes and identifying the mechanisms that contribute to increased resistance compared to similar pipes buried in dry sand. This is achieved by means of 1-g physical model experiments, with the pipe buried in sandy loam–Kaolin soil beds of varying water content (suction), compacted to the same dry unit weight. The main experiments are supplemented by benchmarking experiments performed in dry sand of similar grain size distribution, as well as in compacted soil beds inundated with water to achieve conditions close to full saturation. The experiments are supported by a detailed characterisation study of compacted sandy loam–Kaolin mixtures and mini-CPT tests performed to evaluate the uniformity of the soil beds. Measurements of the reaction developing on the pipe as function of its uplift displacement are co-evaluated together with images of the failure mechanisms obtained using particle image velocimetry and continuous measurements of soil matrix suction. We conclude with a simplified method to predict the peak reaction to pipe uplift that allows considering the contribution of suction and the tensile–shear failure mechanism observed during the experiments.
What’s hot and what's not in lay psychology: Wikipedia’s most-viewed articles
Authors: Ciechanowski Kaśmir , Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Jemielniak Dariusz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe studied views of articles about psychology on 10 language editions of Wikipedia from July 1, 2015, to January 6, 2021. We were most interested in what psychology topics Wikipedia users wanted to read, and how the frequency of views changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Our results show that the topics of interest to people seeking psychological knowledge changed during the pandemic. In addition, the interests differ noticeably among the languages. We made two important observations. The first was that during the pandemic, people in most countries looked for new ways to manage their stress without resorting to external help. This is understandable, given the increased stress of lockdown and the limited amount of professional help available. We also found that academic topics, typically covered in university classes, experienced a substantial drop in traffic, which could be indicative of issues with remote teaching.