bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection
Authors: Eswaran Muthusankar , Chokkiah Bavatharani , Pandit Santosh , Rahimi Shadi , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy , Aleem Mahaboobbatcha , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractField effect transistor (FET)‐based nanoelectronic biosensor devices provide a viable route for specific and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, which can be used for early stage cancer detection, monitoring the progress of the disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. On the road to implementation of FET‐based devices in cancer diagnostics, several key issues need to be addressed: sensitivity, selectivity, operational conditions, anti‐interference, reusability, reproducibility, disposability, large‐scale production, and economic viability. To address these well‐known issues, significant research efforts have been made recently. An overview of these efforts is provided here, highlighting the approaches and strategies presently engaged at each developmental stage, from the design and fabrication of devices to performance evaluation and data analysis. Specifically, this review discusses the multistep fabrication of FETs, choice of bioreceptors for relevant biomarkers, operational conditions, measurement configuration, and outlines strategies to improve the sensing performance and reach the level required for clinical applications. Finally, this review outlines the expected progress to the future generation of FET‐based diagnostic devices and discusses their potential for detection of cancer biomarkers as well as biomarkers of other noncommunicable and communicable diseases.
Experiential learning methods for biostatistics students: A model for embedding student interns in academic health centers
Authors: Pomann Gina‐Maria , Boulware L. Ebony , Chan Cliburn , Grambow Steven C. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Neely Megan L. , Peskoe Sarah B. , Samsa Greg , Troy Jesse D. , Yang Lexie Zidanyue , Thomas Samantha M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis manuscript describes an experiential learning program for future collaborative biostatisticians (CBs) developed within an academic medical program. The program is a collaborative effort between the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Methods Core and the Master of Biostatistics (MB) programme, both housed in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at Duke University School of Medicine and supported in partnership with the Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute. To date, the BERD Core Training and Internship Program (BCTIP) has formally trained over 80 students to work on collaborative teams that are integrated throughout the Duke School of Medicine. This manuscript focuses on the setting for the training program, the experiential learning model on which it is based, the structure of the program, and lessons learned to date.
Effect of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs
Authors: Saberfard Donya , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Mehrjerdi Hossein Kazemi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSometimes it is necessary to use sedatives or even general anaesthetics to examine animals with spinal cord injuries. These drugs may affect spinal reflexes, alter the outcome of neurological examinations, and make it difficult to diagnose location of the lesion.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of five pre‐anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents commonly used in clinics on spinal reflexes in dogs.MethodsTen native adult dogs were participated in three groups. In all groups, the dogs were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam; then, in the first group, ketamine, in the second group, propofol and in the third group, isoflurane were used for induction of anaesthesia. The spinal reflexes were evaluated before injection, 15 min after medetomidine, 20 min after midazolam, and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after induction of anaesthesia.ResultsMedetomidine did not reduce monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) but increased them while it had no effect on the polysynaptic limb withdrawal reflexes. Midazolam had no effect on the spinal reflexes; Ketamine did not affect the patellar, cranial tibial and extensor carpi radialis reflexes, but reduced polysynaptic pain‐related reflexes; and propofol and isoflurane abolished the all spinal reflexes.ConclusionsMedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine have no effect on reducing monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) and may be used for neurological examination of restless animals in the clinic. Propofol and isoflurane eliminated all spinal reflex responses and are not suitable for neurological examinations.
Synthesis of two‐dimensional materials: How computational studies can help?
Authors: Guo Yanqing , Hu Yishan , Yuan Qinghong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe scalable preparation of high‐quality and low‐cost two‐dimensional (2D) materials is critical to achieving their potential applications in various fields. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is considered the most promising method for producing ultrathin 2D materials and has continued to develop in recent years. First‐principles calculations have provided important theoretical guidance for the CVD synthesis of 2D materials, and have played an increasingly important role in the field of material synthesis in recent years. In this review, we present recent advances in the growth mechanism of 2D materials, focusing on the theoretical research progress of four typical 2D materials: graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), and phosphorene. Several aspects of the growth process are discussed in detail, including the decomposition of precursors, nucleation, growth kinetics, domain shape, and epitaxial and alignment of 2D crystals. Based on the understanding of these atomic‐scale growth processes, strategies toward the wafer‐scale growth of continuous and homogeneous 2D thin films are proposed and confirmed by experiments. In the final section, we summarize future challenges and opportunities in the computational studies of the growth mechanism of 2D materials.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Approximate symmetries in d = 4 CFTs with an Einstein gravity dual
Authors: Huang Kuo-Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By applying the stress-tensor-scalar operator product expansion (OPE) twice, we search for algebraic structures in d = 4 conformal field theories (CFTs) with a pure Einstein gravity dual. We find that a rescaled mode operator defined by an integral of the stress tensor T++ on a d = 2 plane satisfies a Virasoro-like algebra when the dimension of the scalar is large. The structure is enhanced to include a Kac-Moody-type algebra if we incorporate the T−− component. In our scheme, the central terms are finite. It remains challenging to directly compute the stress-tensor sector of d = 4 scalar four-point functions at large central charge, which, based on holography and bootstrap methods, were recently shown to have a Virasoro/$$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
-algebra vacuum block-like structure.
Wenn die Maskenbeatmung beim Neugeborenen schwierig ist
Authors: Schwindt J. C. , Schäfer S. , Grass B. , Deindl P. , Schwindt E. M. , Wald M. , Schroth M. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie entscheidende und zumeist einzig notwendige Maßnahme für die erfolgreiche Reanimation eines Neugeborenen nach der Geburt ist die effektive Ventilation der Lunge [1]. Bereits eine kurze Maskenbeatmung führt, bei einem zunächst nicht oder nicht suffizient spontan atmenden Neugeborenen, in den meisten Fällen zum Einsetzen einer effektiven Eigenatmung und damit zu einer raschen klinischen Stabilisierung. In den meisten Fällen gelingt eine Maskenbeatmung problemlos, allerdings bereitet sie immer wieder auch Schwierigkeiten.In Kursen, die sich mit der Versorgung des kritisch kranken Neugeborenen befassen (u. a. die Newborn-Life-Support-Kurse des Austrian Resuscitation Council (ARC), des German Resuscitation Council (GRC) und der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI)) [2], liegt daher ein Schwerpunkt auf Maßnahmen zur Optimierung einer nichtinvasiven Beatmung, die häufig nur unzureichend bekannt sind.Dieser Artikel widmet sich Strategien, wie eine nichtinvasive Beatmung beim Neugeborenen optimiert werden kann, und schlägt mit dem deutschsprachigen Akronym „RALPH“ eine Möglichkeit vor, wie Schwierigkeiten bei der Maskenbeatmung strukturiert und zielgerichtet überwunden werden können.
Time and space complexity of deterministic and nondeterministic decision trees
Authors: Moshkov Mikhail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study arbitrary infinite binary information systems each of which consists of an infinite set called universe and an infinite set of two-valued functions (attributes) defined on the universe. We consider the notion of a problem over information system, which is described by a finite number of attributes and a mapping associating a decision to each tuple of attribute values. As algorithms for problem solving, we use deterministic and nondeterministic decision trees. As time and space complexity, we study the depth and the number of nodes in the decision trees. In the worst case, with the growth of the number of attributes in the problem description, (i) the minimum depth of deterministic decision trees grows either almost as logarithm or linearly, (ii) the minimum depth of nondeterministic decision trees either is bounded from above by a constant or grows linearly, (iii) the minimum number of nodes in deterministic decision trees has either polynomial or exponential growth, and (iv) the minimum number of nodes in nondeterministic decision trees has either polynomial or exponential growth. Based on these results, we divide the set of all infinite binary information systems into five complexity classes, and study for each class issues related to time-space trade-off for decision trees.
An adversarial transferability metric based on SVD of Jacobians to disentangle the correlation with robustness
Authors: Qin Ruoxi , Wang Linyuan , Du Xuehui , Ma Shuxiao , Chen Xingyuan , Yan Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransferability of adversarial samples under different convolutional neural network (CNN) models is one of the metrics indicators to assess the efficiency of adversarial examples and an important research direction in defense of that. Transferability isolate models employ a particular alternative model to avoid black-box attacks. Meanwhile, recent research has revealed that adversarial transferability across sub-models may be utilized to express the diversity requirements of sub-models under ensemble robustness abstractly. Due to the lack of mathematical description for this adversarial transferability, it was utilized to be abstractly described as the diversity of different hypotheses. This paper employs the Jacobians matrix’s singular value decomposition (SVD) to provide a more accurate mathematical description of the transferability of adversarial samples between models and proposes a corresponding evaluation metric. Based on this metric, a new regularization constraint is introduced into the ensemble training, and the adversarial transferability between the sub-models is isolated optimally without the prior information of the adversarial samples. Based on the proposed metric accurately defining the transferability, further ensemble robustness experiments under small-scale dataset disentangle the correlation between transferability and robustness, indicating that the transferability isolation can only achieve robustness under an alternative transfer-based attack with partial sub-models of the ensemble.
Alien parakeets as a potential threat to the common noctule Nyctalus noctula
Authors: Giuntini Silvia , Ancillotto Leonardo , Falaschi Mattia , Viviano Andrea , Palagi Elisabetta , Mori Emiliano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri (Aves: Psittaciformes) is a widely distributed species of Asian and African origin, which occurs with over 40 alien populations in the rest of the world. Most established populations of this species are showing a clear trend of territorial expansion and numerical growth. Recent reviews highlighted that one of the main impacts by alien ring-necked parakeets is the competition with threatened bat species using trunk cavities as roosts. In Italy, the only known reproductive population of Nyctalus bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) occurs in an urban area in the central part of the country, surrounded by increasing and expanding populations of ring-necked parakeets. In this work, we updated the population status of both ring-necked and Alexandrine parakeets and breeding noctule bats in the region. Then, we ran a species distribution model using Maxent software to analyze the environmental suitability of the region for the ring-necked parakeet and a connectivity model using Circuitscape software to predict the possibility of its expansion in the area occupied by breeding noctule bats. We recorded a high number of individual parakeets and breeding colonies, together with a remarkable noctule population decline, from about 400 to about 120 individuals, in the last 20 years, possibly due to urban green management practices. Although some ring-necked parakeets have already been observed in the study area, there is no evidence of reproduction in the surroundings of the noctule colony. However, our model showed a high environmental suitability for the ring-necked parakeet in the area occupied by breeding noctules. As well, the connectivity model showed the potential for a direct flow of individuals from the main urban centers to the area used by noctule bats. The arrival of alien parakeets to the area occupied by the bat breeding colony should be tightly monitored by surveying the suitable areas for this bird, as well as the identified ecological corridors. Early detection of new invasions, together with a sustainable urban green management practice, may prevent the extinction of the southernmost breeding colony of the common noctule.
Assessing Adolescent Functioning from Different Perspectives: Extending the Validation of the Adolescent Functioning Scale (AFS)
Authors: Dittman Cassandra K. , Burke Kylie , Haslam Divna , Ralph Alan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to provide further evidence for the validity of the 33-item Adolescent Functioning Scale (AFS) as a parent- and adolescent-report scale of adolescent adjustment. In separate samples of parents (N = 542; 88% female) and adolescents (N = 303; 60% female), confirmatory factor analyses supported the original 4-factor structure of the AFS. Analyses produced a 28-item parent measure, and a 27-item adolescent measure. Parent and adolescent versions included positive development, oppositional behaviour, antisocial behaviour and emotional problems subscales. Evidence for convergent and construct validity was provided through correlations with existing measures of adolescent functioning and parenting. The AFS demonstrated configural and metric invariance, but not scalar variance. The study provided support for the validity and reliability of the revised AFS for parents and adolescents. The strong psychometric properties, and brief and multi-dimensional nature of the AFS means that it will have utility in research and applied contexts.
On the performance of SQL scalable systems on Kubernetes: a comparative study
Authors: Cardas Cristian , Aldana-Martín José F. , Burgueño-Romero Antonio M. , Nebro Antonio J. , Mateos Jose M. , Sánchez Juan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe popularization of Hadoop as the the-facto standard platform for data analytics in the context of Big Data applications has led to the upsurge of SQL-on-Hadoop systems, which provide scalable query execution engines allowing the use of SQL queries on data stored in HDFS. In this context, Kubernetes appears as the leading choice to simplify the deployment and scaling of containerized applications; however, there is a lack of studies about the performance of SQL-on-Hadoop systems deployed on Kubernetes, and this is the gap we intend to fill in this paper. We present an experimental study involving four representative SQL scalable platforms: Apache Drill, Apache Hive, Apache Spark SQL and Trino. Concretely, we analyze the performance of these systems when they are deployed on a Hadoop cluster with Kubernetes by using the TPC-H benchmark. The results of our study can help practitioners and users about what they can expect in terms of performance if they plan to use the advantages of Kubernetes to deploy applications using the analyzed SQL scalable platforms.
Understanding urban sustainability from Mode 2 Science and transdisciplinary education: how Master Thesis Ateliers of the Ghent Stadsacademie tackle wicked issues
Authors: Block Thomas , Prové Charlotte , Dehaene Michiel , Abeele Peter Vanden , Beeckmans Luce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe wicked sustainability problems that we are increasingly facing not only require new ways of knowledge production, but also challenge our traditional educational system. More and more importance is attached to educational practices and experiments focusing on transdisciplinary problem framing, a pluralistic search for solutions and active collaboration with various stakeholders throughout society. The aim of this article is to investigate how an inter- and transdisciplinary setting in which students develop master theses can contribute to learning about a specific urban problem and what challenges this transdisciplinary education entails. Starting from relevant theoretical and analytical frameworks, such as Mode 2 Science (Nowotny et al. 2005) and the three-phase model of Lang et al. (2012), we first outline the philosophy and approach of the general setting: theStadsacademie, a collective learning platform or ‘collaboratory’ to explore and investigate wicked problems perceived in the city of Ghent (Belgium). To provide more in-depth and refined insights, we focus on an exemplary activity of theStadsacademie: the Master Thesis Ateliers ‘Diversity in Social Housing’. A Master Thesis Atelier (MTA) is a collaborative trajectory of one academic year in which 4 to 8 master students and their supervisors from different disciplinary backgrounds concentrate on one specific urban problem and collaborate with non-academic actors aiming to explore and to impact upon that issue. We conclude this article with overall reflections and suggestions for transdisciplinary approaches within educational practices to tackle wicked sustainability issues.
Electrical cardioversion for early recurrences post pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: von Olshausen Gesa , Paul-Nordin Astrid , Tapanainen Jari , Jensen-Urstad Mats , Bastani Hamid , Saluveer Ott , Bourke Tara , Drca Nikola , Kennebäck Göran , Saygi Serkan , Turkmen Yusuf , Insulander Per , Braunschweig Frieder 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To study the association between timing and success of electrical cardioversion (ECV) for the treatment of early recurrences (ERs) of atrial fibrillation post pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on long-term rhythm outcome.

Methods
Data of 133 patients ablated for paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation receiving ECV for ERs, i.e., atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences within 90 days post ablation were analyzed. During 1-year follow-up, patients were screened for late recurrences (LRs), i.e., recurrences after the blanking period.

Results
In 114 patients (85.7%), ECV was successful compared to 19 patients (14.3%) with failed ECV. A higher body mass index (odds ratio (OR) 1.19 (95% CI 1.02–1.39), p = 0.029), a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.15), p = 0.079), and performance of ECV > 7 days from ER onset (OR 2.99 (95% CI 1.01–8.87), p = 0.048) remained independently associated with ECV failure. During 1-year follow-up, the rate of LR was significantly higher among patients with failed ECV as compared to patients with successful ECV (hazard ratio (HR) 3.00 (95% CI, 1.79–5.03), p < 0.001). Patients with ECV performed > 7 days from ER onset had a significantly higher risk of developing LR as compared to patients with ECV performed within ≤ 7 days from ER onset (HR 1.73 (95% CI 1.15–2.62), p = 0.009). Performance of ECV > 7 days from ER onset (HR 1.76 (95% CI 1.16–2.67), p = 0.008) and failed ECV (HR 3.32 (95% CI 1.96–5.64), p < 0.001) remained independently associated with LR.

Conclusions
A failed ECV and performance of ECV > 7 days from ER onset were independently associated with LR.
XDP-Based SmartNIC Hardware Performance Acceleration for Next-Generation Networks
Authors: Salva-Garcia Pablo , Ricart-Sanchez Ruben , Chirivella-Perez Enrique , Wang Qi , Alcaraz-Calero Jose M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNext-generation networks are expected to combine advanced physical and digital technologies in super-high-speed connected system infrastructures, gaining critical operation competitiveness of improved efficiency, productivity and quality of services. Towards a fully digital and connected world, these platforms will enable infrastructure virtualization and support of edge processing, making emerging sectors, such as Industry 4.0, ready to exploit its full potentials. Nevertheless, the fast growth of data-centric and automated systems may exceed the capabilities of the overall infrastructure beyond the radio access networks, becoming unable to fulfil the demands of vertical sectors and representing a bottleneck. To minimize the negative effects that could affect critical services in a heavily loaded network, it is essential for network providers to deploy highly scalable and prioritisable in-network optimisation schemes to meet industry expectations in next-generation networks. To this end, this work presents a novel framework that leverages extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) and eXpress Data Path (XDP) to offload network functions to reduce unnecessary overhead in the backbone infrastructure. The proposed solution is envisioned to be implemented as a Network Application (NetApp) service, which will greatly benefit the compatibility with next-generation networking ecosystem empowered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), advanced automation, multi-domain network slicing, and other related technologies. The achieved results demonstrate key performance improvements in terms of packet processing capacity as high as about 18 million packets per second (Mpps), system throughput up to 6.1 Mpps with 0% of packet loss, and illustrate the flexibility of the framework to adapt to multiple network policy rules dynamically on demand.