bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Identity Conflict Among Health-Conscious Sport Fans
Authors: Mansfield Aaron C. , Melton E. Nicole , Katz Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Scholars have begun to explore the interplay between the multiple identities within a sport fan’s salience hierarchy, noting fandom may compete with other central roles. Researchers have also recently emphasized well-being outcomes for fans, with increasing focus on physical health. Though sport consumer behavior and health consciousness have concurrently emerged, the social psychological connection between the two is unclear. Thus, we aim to clarify this relationship. We leverage an emerging quantitative approach: polynomial regression and response surface methodology. Our findings indicate individuals who value both fandom and health consciousness (i.e., demonstrate high fan identity and health consciousness congruence) experience identity conflict, with men reporting higher levels of identity conflict than women. Thus, we contribute to literature on the potential negative sides (or challenges) of fan identity. The food and sedentarism common to fan culture appear to prompt psychological turmoil for health-conscious individuals. Fan identity may naturally integrate with other social roles, yet our results indicate fandom and health consciousness are often viewed in conflict.
Compositional and diagenetic control of bed- to formational-scale deformation in siliceous sedimentary rocks, Santa Maria Basin, California
Authors: Wirtz* Yannick , Behl Richard J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Rock properties play a critical role in dictating styles of deformation at all spatial scales, yet the effect of changes across and within diagenetic transition zones has been little studied, despite profound impact on resulting mechanical stratigraphy. Our analysis of the variation of fold strain at map scale and outcrop scale of the highly siliceous Monterey and Sisquoc Formations in the southern Santa Maria Basin, California, provides insight into the interplay among deformation, diagenesis, and rock composition. Diagenetic modification of these rocks has created intervals with high interstratal and interformational contrasts in competence. Map-scale analysis showed large variation in fold strain within the same area, with shortening values ranging from 5.5% to 21.1% between siliceous formations of different diagenetic grade and competence. Apparent shortening in the competent, diagenetically altered, thinly bedded Monterey Formation is twice as high as that in the overlying highly porous, diatomaceous, more massive Sisquoc Formation. The large difference in measurable apparent shortening suggests that the same amount of actual strain was chiefly accommodated by folding in the Monterey Formation versus horizontal compaction in the Sisquoc Formation, since there is no evidence of a detachment between the units. Strain analysis at outcrop scale provided insight into the ways in which both units express such different shortening ratios without having an unconformity or detachment fault between them.
Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sakamoto Taiji , Terasaki Hiroto , Yamashita Toshifumi , Shiihara Hideki , Funatsu Ryoh , Uemura Akinori 
Published: June 2022

Background/aimsTo determine the incidence and causative pathogens of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy during strict face mask wearing in the COVID-19 period.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicentre study including 31 ophthalmological institutions of the Japanese Retina and Vitreous Society or Japan-Clinical Retina Study group. Patients who had undergone vitrectomy during 2019, the pre-COVID-19 period, and from July 2020 to June 2021, the COVID-mask period, were studied. The results of cataract surgery were used as a control. The total number of vitrectomies and the total number of postoperative endophthalmitis were determined. Then, the differences in the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-mask period, and the type of pathogens causing the endophthalmitis were studied.ResultsThe incidence of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis was significantly lower in the pre-COVID-19 period with 16 568 surgeries and 18 endophthalmitis cases (0.11%) than in the COVID-mask period of 14 929 surgeries and 31 endophthalmitis cases (0.21%; p=0.031, OR=1.913, 95% CI 1.078 to 3.394). In the pre-COVID-19 period, 4 of the 18 eyes were culture positive, and all were of theStaphylococcusfamily. In the COVID-mask period, 9 of the 31 eyes were culture positive, and 4 cases were related to oral commensals includingStreptococcusspp, which are reportedly very rare in endophthalmitis after vitrectomy.ConclusionsIt is necessary for physicians to be aware of the higher incidence of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis during the COVID-mask period, and to treat their patients appropriately.
Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals
Authors: Araujo Claudio Gil , de Souza e Silva Christina Grüne , Laukkanen Jari Antero , Fiatarone Singh Maria , Kunutsor Setor Kwadzo , Myers Jonathan , Franca João Felipe , Castro Claudia Lucia 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesBalance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data.MethodsAnthropometric, clinical and vital status and 10-s OLS data were assessed in 1702 individuals (68% men) aged 51–75 years between 2008 and 2020. Log-rank and Cox modelling were used to compare survival curves and risk of death according to ability (YES) or inability (NO) to complete the 10-s OLS test.ResultsOverall, 20.4% of the individuals were classified as NO. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7.2% died, with 4.6% (YES) and 17.5% (NO) on the 10-s OLS. Survival curves were worse for NO 10-s OLS (log-rank test=85.6; p<0.001). In an adjusted model incorporating age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities, the HR of all-cause mortality was higher (1.84 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.78) (p<0.001)) for NO individuals. Adding 10-s OLS to a model containing established risk factors was associated with significantly improved mortality risk prediction as measured by differences in −2 log likelihood and integrated discrimination improvement.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of uncontrolled variables such as recent history of falls and physical activity, the ability to successfully complete the 10-s OLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality and adds relevant prognostic information beyond age, sex and several other anthropometric and clinical variables. There is potential benefit to including the 10-s OLS as part of routine physical examination in middle-aged and older adults.
Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of microbial keratitis in South East Nepal: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Puri Lila Raj , Burn Helen , Roshan Abhishek , Biswakarma Ramanand , Burton Matthew 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of microbial keratitis in patients presenting to a tertiary eye hospital in South East Nepal alongside qualitative interviews exploring patient perspectives on barriers to accessing eye care services.Methods and analysisAll patients with microbial keratitis (>16 years) presenting to Sagarmatha Choudhary Eye Hospital, Nepal between 1 May 2017 and 31 July 2017 were recruited. Data were collected on patient demographics, precipitating factors and pathway to care. Clinical examination was performed and microbiological samples collected. Visual acuity was measured at final follow-up. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions explored the patient journey and barriers to accessing care.ResultsWe recruited 174 participants; 88 (51%) were male (mean age of 47 years) and 126 (72%) were farmers. Ocular trauma with vegetative matter was reported by 79 (45%) and 84 (48%) had fungal infections. Visual acuity was <3/60 in 107 (61%) of affected eyes at presentation, reducing to 73 (42%) at last follow-up. Factors associated with poor visual outcome were trauma with vegetative matter, delayed presentation and poor visual acuity at presentation. Qualitative interviews with 40 patients identified lack of awareness of the disease and available services, poor knowledge and practice of community health workers and lack of affordability and accessibility of treatment as important barriers.ConclusionThe epidemiology of microbial keratitis in this region was similar to other tropical regions. Patient interviews highlighted need for public health awareness campaigns on microbial keratitis, training of community health staff on the urgency of this condition and improvements in accessibility and affordability of ocular treatments.
Limited waiting areas in outpatient clinics: an intervention to incorporate the effect of bridging times in blueprint schedules
Authors: Dijkstra Sander , Otten Maarten , Leeftink Gréanne , Kamphorst Bas , Olde Meierink Angelique , Heinen Anouk , Bijlsma Rhodé , Boucherie Richard J 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDistancing measures enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic impose a restriction on the number of patients simultaneously present in hospital waiting areas.ObjectiveEvaluate waiting area occupancy of an intervention that designs clinic blueprint schedules, in which all appointments of the pre-COVID-19 case mix are scheduled either digitally or in person under COVID-19 distancing measures, whereby the number of in-person appointments is maximised.MethodsPreintervention analysis and prospective assessment of intervention outcomes were used to evaluate the outcomes on waiting area occupancy and number of in-person consultations (postintervention only) using descriptive statistics, for two settings in the Rheumatology Clinic of Sint Maartenskliniek (SMK) and Medical Oncology & Haematology Outpatient Clinic of University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU). Retrospective data from October 2019 to February 2020 were used to evaluate the pre-COVID-19 blueprint schedules. An iterative optimisation and simulation approach was followed, based on integer linear programming and Monte Carlo simulation, which iteratively optimised and evaluated blueprint schedules until the 95% CI of the number of patients in the waiting area did not exceed available capacity.ResultsUnder pre-COVID-19 blueprint schedules, waiting areas would be overcrowded by up to 22 (SMK) and 11 (UMCU) patients, given the COVID-19 distancing measures. The postintervention blueprint scheduled all appointments without overcrowding the waiting areas, of which 88% and 87% were in person and 12% and 13% were digitally (SMK and UMCU, respectively).ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in two case studies with different waiting area characteristics and a varying number of interdependent patient trajectory stages. The intervention is generically applicable to a wide range of healthcare services that schedule a (series of) appointment(s) for their patients. Care providers can use the intervention to evaluate overcrowding of waiting area(s) and design optimal blueprint schedules to continue a maximum number of in-person appointments under pandemic distancing measures.
Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition
Authors: Pauls Ceciel , Dalecká Andrea , Lu Wentian , Hubáček Jaroslav , Pikhart Hynek , Bobák Martin 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesWe investigated whether social gradient in all-cause mortality in the Czech Republic changed during the postcommunist transition by comparing two cohorts, recruited before and after the political changes in 1989.MethodsParticipants (aged 25–64 years) in two population surveys (n=2530 in 1985, n=2294 in 1992) were followed up for mortality for 15 years (291 and 281 deaths, respectively). Education was classified into attainment categories and years of schooling (both continuous and in tertiles). Cox regression was used to estimate HR of death by educational indices in each cohort over a 15-year follow-up.ResultsAll three educational variables were significantly associated with reduced risk of death in both cohorts when men and women were combined; for example, the adjusted HRs of death in the highest versus lowest tertile of years of schooling were 0.65 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.89) in 1985 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.93) in 1992. Adjustment for covariates attenuated the gradients. In sex-specific analysis, the gradient was more pronounced and statistically significant in men. There were no significant interactions between cohort and educational indices.ConclusionsThe educational gradient in mortality did not differ between the two cohorts (1985 vs 1992), suggesting no major increase in educational inequality during the early stage of postcommunist transition. Further research is needed to understand trends in health inequalities during socioeconomic transitions.
Cardiac autonomic disturbance following resistance and sprint-interval exercises in non-obese and obese young men
Authors: Nie Jinlei , Tong Tomas K. , Zhou Yingqi , Shi Qingde , Zhang Haifeng , Kong Zhaowei 
Published: June 2022

This study examined the alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) following iso-duration resistance (RES) and sprint-interval exercises (SIE) by comparing with that of non-exercise control (CON) in 14 non-obese (NOB) and 15 obese (OB) young men. Time and frequency domain measures as well as nonlinear metrics of HRV were assessed before and immediately after exercise, and during every 20 min until 120 min post-exercise. The variables during the first 4 h of actual sleep time at night, and the period of 12–14 h post-exercise were also measured. All trials were scheduled at 20:00. It was found that RES and SIE attenuated the HRV in both NOB and OB ( P < 0.05), and the attenuated HRV restored progressively during subsequent recovery. Although the changes in HRV indices among various time points during the recovery period and its interaction across RES, SIE, and CON were not different between NOB and OB, the restoration of the declined HRV indices to corresponding CON level in the 2 exercise trials in OB appeared to be sluggish in relative to NOB. Notwithstanding, post-exercise HRV that recorded during actual sleep at night and during 12–14 h apart from exercise were unvaried among the 3 trials in both groups ( P > 0.05). These findings suggest that obesity is likely to be a factor hindering the removal of exercise-induced cardiac autonomic disturbance in young men. Nonetheless, the declined HRV following both the RES and SIE protocols was well restored after a resting period of ∼10 h regardless of obesity. The study was registered at ISRCTN as https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN88544091 .
PD-L1 Crosslinking as a New Strategy of 4-1BB Agonism Immunotherapy
Authors: Shu Fei , Punekar Salman R. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2022

Summary
4-1BB has been considered a promising target in cancer immunotherapy for decades. Nevertheless, early 4-1BB–targeted agents demonstrated significant liver immuno-toxicity. A new wave of 4-1BB–based therapy is being developed to circumvent hepatotoxicity with a bispecific molecule that directs 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment by targeting tumor-associated immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1.
See related article by Peper-Gabriel et al., p. 3387
Omission of Upfront Craniospinal Irradiation in Patients with Low-Risk WNT-Pathway Medulloblastoma Is Associated with Unacceptably High Risk of Neuraxial Failure
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Pervez Shizan , Dasgupta Archya , Chatterjee Abhishek , Epari Sridhar , Chinnaswamy Girish , Jalali Rakesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Medulloblastoma is a heterogenous disease comprising four molecular subgroups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4, respectively. Excellent long-term outcomes have prompted deintensification of therapy in WNT-pathway medulloblastoma. We assessed the safety of avoiding upfront craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma.

Patients and Methods:
Children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma were treated with postoperative focal conformal radiotherapy, avoiding upfront CSI, followed by six cycles of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. A group-sequential design (triangular test) with predefined stopping rules if the rate of relapse exceeded 15% at 2 years was incorporated to ensure the safety of study participants.

Results:
7 children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma were accrued after written informed consent/assent and treated as per protocol. One child died of neutropenic sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction during chemotherapy. Three children were detected with neuraxial failure (supratentorial brain and/or spine) on surveillance neuro-imaging within 2 years from index diagnosis, leading to premature study termination. At relapse, children were treated with salvage CSI plus boost irradiation of metastatic deposits followed by second-line chemotherapy. Two of them continue to be in remission (32 and 26 months after first relapse), while one child developed a second relapse, necessitating further systemic chemotherapy and craniospinal reirradiation, resulting in excellent clinico-radiologic response. At a median follow-up of 42 months, the 2-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of event-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were 42.9%, 50%, and 85.7% respectively.

Conclusions:
Omission of upfront CSI in low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma is associated with an unacceptably high risk of neuraxial failure.
See related commentary by Remke and Ramaswamy, p. 4161
Prevalence of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Newborns
Authors: Børresen Marie F. , Blixenkrone-Møller Elisabeth , Kock Thilde O. , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Vøgg R. Ottilia B. , Pihl Christian A. , Norsk Jakob B. , Vejlstrup Niels G. , Christensen Alex H. , Iversen Kasper K. , Bundgaard Henning , Axelsson Raja Anna 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by excessive trabeculations of the LV and may be associated with reduced systolic function or severe adverse outcomes. Several aspects remain to be elucidated; there is controversy to whether LVNC cardiomyopathy is a distinct cardiomyopathy caused by failure of the spongy fetal myocardium to condense during fetal development or acquired later in life as a morphological trait associated with other types of cardiomyopathy; the prevalence in unselected populations is unknown and the distinction between normal variation and pathology remains to be defined. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of LVNC and the association to LV systolic function in a large, population-based cohort of neonates. In addition, we assessed the normal ratio of noncompact to compact (NC:C) myocardium in 150 healthy neonates.

Methods:
Echocardiographic data were prospectively collected in the population study Copenhagen Baby Heart Study. The ratio of NC:C was measured in 12 ventricular segments. LVNC was defined as NC:C ≥2 in at least one segment. Neonates with LVNC were matched 1:10 to controls on sex, gestational age, and weight and age at the examination day.

Results:

In total, 25 590 neonates (52% males, median age 11 [interquartile range, 7–15] days) underwent echocardiography. Among 21 133 with satisfactory visualization of ventricular segments, we identified a prevalence of LVNC of 0.076% (95% CI, 0.047–0.123). LV ejection fraction was lower in neonates with LVNC compared with matched controls (median 49.5 versus 59.0%;
P
<0.0001). In neonates with otherwise healthy hearts, the median NC:C ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.7 and the 99th percentiles from 1.0 to 1.9 for each of the 12 segments.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of LVNC based on neonatal echocardiography was 0.076%. LVNC was associated with lower LV systolic function. The findings in normal newborns support the cutoff NC:C ≥2 as an appropriate diagnostic criterion.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02753348.
‘They Class Me as a Child because I’m 15. But They Don’t Want Me at the Kid’s Club’: Towards Rights Respecting Refuges for Teenagers
Authors: Bracewell Kelly , Larkins Cath , Stanley Nicky 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Teenagers participating in a series of interviews over the course of their stay in domestic violence refuges described difficulties associated with the constraints of refuge life. Twenty young people reported experiences that connect to and challenge UN Convention on the Rights of the Child provisions and provide guidance on how refuges might strengthen their response and meet obligations to respect, protect and promote teenagers’ rights. Recognition of teenage refuge experience is needed, alongside the provision of space, independence and privacy; support to recover from domestic violence and abuse; involvement in leisure activities; educational support; access to computers and online information; and increased opportunities for individual and collective decision making. The findings contribute to growing evidence that policy makers and other duty bearers need to develop adequate resourcing, attitudinal change, practice guidance, dedicated support, active engagement and participation, and collaborative work between agencies. Implementation strategies are also discussed.
Dynamics of Two Distinct Subseasonal Growth Mechanisms of the North Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Sung Mi-Kyung , Son Seok-Woo , Yoo Changhyun , Hwang Jaeyoung , An Soon-Il 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the growth mechanisms of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), one of the primary causes of winter temperature extremes at midlatitudes. We find that the NPO has two distinct origins. One is the Rossby wave propagating across Eurasia that strengthens during cold or warm surges over East Asia. The corresponding vorticity and thermal anomalies grow into the NPO as they move eastward. The other is a local disturbance at the Asian Pacific jet stream exit that amplifies when propagating westward. The dynamical processes behind these two types of NPO growth are investigated by conducting quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency budget analysis, focusing on the relative importance of the vorticity flux and differential heat flux. It is revealed that the contribution of high-frequency eddies is greater in the NPO that grows from a local disturbance. However, NPO growth in both cases is primarily steered by low-frequency vorticity flux, which facilitates eastward or westward propagation through relative or planetary vorticity advections, respectively. Differential heat flux promotes the growth of the NPO before the onset, but dissipates the NPO anomalies afterward. The net effect of the heat flux, however, allows the NPO to amplify and persist through baroclinic instability by constraining the NPO anomalies to have westward vertical tilt. Accordingly, the NPO grows conforming to the dissipative destabilizing mechanism. From the perspective of potential vorticity (PV), the eastward growth of the NPO originates from the downstream advection of PV anomalies accumulated over East Asia, while westward growth is favored by a strong PV gradient near the jet stream.

Significance Statement
This study examines the origins and growth mechanism of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), which causes cold or warm spells in the midlatitudes during winter. Two distinct origins of the NPO are found, which are abnormal temperature events over East Asia and local atmospheric disturbances at the Asian Pacific jet stream exit. Evolutions of the NPO are traced by analyzing the roles of the vorticity and heat fluxes in addition to the contributions of synoptic eddies, which turns out to be more significant for the NPO that grows from a local disturbance. Vorticity flux overall dominates the growth of the NPO, but heat flux also helps the NPO amplify owing to background instability.