bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural white matter characteristics for working memory and switching/inhibition in children with reading difficulties: The role of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus
Authors: Farah Rola , Glukhovsky Noam , Rosch Keri , Horowitz-Kraus Tzipi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReading difficulties (RDs) are characterized by slow and inaccurate reading as well as additional challenges in cognitive control (i.e., executive functions, especially in working memory, inhibition, and visual attention). Despite evidence demonstrating differences in these readers’ language and visual processing abilities, white matter differences associated with executive functions (EFs) difficulties in children with RDs are scarce. Structural correlates for reading and EFs in 8- to 12-year-old children with RDs versus typical readers (TRs) were examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. Results suggest that children with RDs showed significantly lower reading and EF abilities versus TRs. Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in left temporo-parietal tracts was found in children with RDs, who also showed positive correlations between reading and working memory and switching/inhibition scores and FA in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). FA in the left SLF predicted working memory performance mediated by reading ability in children with RDs but not TRs. Our findings support alterations in white matter tracts related to working memory, switching/inhibition, and overall EF challenges in children with RDs and the linkage between working memory difficulties and FA alterations in the left SLF in children with RDs via reading.
Caught in the Crossfire between Being a Woman and Being a Refugee
Authors: Bergoffen Debra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two crises of our age, refugee statelessness and sexual violence, converge in the lives of refugee women. This article examines this convergence by analyzing the meanings of refugee-camp sexual aggression and refugee women’s responses to it. Aligning Giorgio Agamben’s and Hannah Arendt’s ideas of refugee desubjectification with Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of gendered subjectivity, the author argues that refugee-camp men use sexual violence to reinstate their gendered subjectivity. In rejecting men’s demand that women accept their prerefugee, compromised subjectivity, refugee-camp women are rewriting the gendered subjectivity contract.
De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) revealed the existence of homologous conformations generated by the repeat-mediated recombination
Authors: Yang Zhijian , Ni Yang , Lin Zebin , Yang Liubin , Chen Guotai , Nijiati Nuerla , Hu Yunzhuo , Chen Xuanyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is an important food crop, an excellent fodder crop, and a new type of industrial raw material crop. The lack of genomic resources could affect the process of industrialization of sweet potato. Few detailed reports have been completed on the mitochondrial genome of sweet potato. In this research, we sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome of sweet potato and investigated its substructure. The mitochondrial genome of sweet potato is 270,304 bp with 23 unique core genes and 12 variable genes. We detected 279 pairs of repeat sequences and found that three pairs of direct repeats could mediate the homologous recombination into four independent circular molecules. We identified 70 SSRs in the whole mitochondrial genome of sweet potato. The longest dispersed repeat in mitochondrial genome was a palindromic repeat with a length of 915 bp. The homologous fragments between the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome account for 7.35% of the mitochondrial genome. We also predicted 597 RNA editing sites and found that the rps3 gene was edited 54 times, which occurred most frequently. This study further demonstrates the existence of multiple conformations in sweet potato mitochondrial genomes and provides a theoretical basis for the evolution of higher plants and cytoplasmic male sterility breeding.
Pharmacological mechanisms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Liang Bo , Liang Yi , Gu Ning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
More and more evidence indicates sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) may display clinical benefits for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the mechanisms of the action remain unclear.

Methods
A systematic pharmacology-based strategy was applied for predicting the potential molecular mechanisms of SGLT2is in HFpEF. The potential targets of SGLT2is and HFpEF were contained from diverse databases. After networks were constructed, Metascape was applied to functional enrichment. Moreover, the key findings were validated through molecular docking.

Results
We obtained 487 SGLT2is related targets and 1505 HFpEF related targets. The networks showed the complex relationship of HFpEF-target-HFpEF. The results of functional enrichment analysis suggested that several biological processes, including muscle system process, inflammatory response, vasculature development, heart development, regulation of MAPK cascade, positive regulation of ion transport, negative regulation of cell population proliferation, cellular response to nitrogen compound, apoptotic signaling pathway, multicellular organismal homeostasis, response to oxidative stress, regulation of cell adhesion, positive regulation of cell death, response to growth factor, and cellular response to lipid, and signaling pathways, such as cardiomyopathy, cAMP signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Finally, we validated the interactions and combinations of SGLT2is and core targets.

Conclusion
SGLT2is play the potential role of anti-HFpEF through the direct or indirect synergy of multiple targets and pathways. Our study promotes the explanation of the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2is in HFpEF.
Evaluation of a self-imaging SD-OCT system designed for remote home monitoring
Authors: Kim Judy E. , Tomkins-Netzer Oren , Elman Michael J. , Lally David R. , Goldstein Michaella , Goldenberg Dafna , Shulman Shiri , Benyamini Gidi , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare identification rates of retinal fluid of the Notal Vision Home Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device (NVHO) when used by people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to those captured by a commercial OCT.

Methods
Prospective, cross-sectional study where patients underwent commercial OCT imaging followed by self-imaging with either the NVHO 2.5 or the NVHO 3 in clinic setting. Outcomes included patients’ ability to acquire analyzable OCT images with the NVHO and to compare those with commercial images.

Results
Successful images were acquired with the NVHO 2.5 in 469/531 eyes (88%) in 264/290 subjects (91%) with the mean (SD) age of 78.8 (8.8); 153 (58%) were female with median visual acuity (VA) of 20/40. In the NVHO 3 cohort, 69 eyes of 45 subjects (93%) completed the self-imaging. Higher rates of successful imaging were found in eyes with VA ≥ 20/320. Positive percent agreement/negative percent agreement for detecting the presence of subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid when reviewing for fluid in three repeated volume scans were 97%/95%, respectively for the NVHO v3.

Conclusion
Self-testing with the NVHO can produce high quality images suitable for fluid identification by human graders, suggesting the device may be able to complement standard-of-care clinical assessments and treatments.
Artificial intelligence against the first wave of COVID-19: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Yi , Liu Chun , Zhou Zhongliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly broke out at the end of 2019. Due to the highly contagious, widespread, and risky nature of this disease, the pandemic prevention and control has been a tremendous challenge worldwide. One potentially powerful tool against the COVID-19 pandemic is artificial intelligence (AI). This study systematically assessed the effectiveness of AI in infection prevention and control during the first wave of COVID-19 in China. MethodsTo better evaluate the role of AI in a pandemic emergency, we focused on the first-wave COVID-19 in the period from the early December 2019 to the end of April 2020 across 304 cities in China. We employed three sets of dependent variables to capture various dimensions of the effect of AI: (1) the time to the peak of cumulative confirmed cases, (2) the case fatality rate and whether there were severe cases, and (3) the number of local policies for work and production resumption and the time span to having the first such policy. The main explanatory variable was the local AI development measured by the number of AI patents. To fit the features of different dependent variables, we employed a variety of estimation methods, including the OLS, Tobit, Probit, and Poisson estimations. We included a large set of control variables and added interaction terms to test the mechanisms through which AI took an effect.ResultsOur results showed that AI had highly significant effects on (1) screening and detecting the disease, and (2) monitoring and evaluating the epidemic evolution. Specifically, AI was useful to screen and detect the COVID-19 in cities with high cross-city mobility. Also, AI played an important role for production resumption in cities with high risk to reopen. However, there was limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.ConclusionsThese results suggested that AI can play an important role against the pandemic.
Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels in women with overweight/obesity and food addiction: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Irani Hanieh , Khodami Banafsheh , Abiri Behnaz , Saidpour Atoosa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Food addiction is one of the behavioral factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Much evidence is available suggesting intestinal microbiomes can play a role in eating behavior, body composition, and BDNF levels, and they can be modified by time-restricted feeding (TRF). So, this study will aim to evaluate the effect of TRF on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, and serum BDNF and LBP levels in women with overweight/obesity and food addiction.

Methods
We will carry out a randomized clinical trial for 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of a TRF on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress level, serum BDNF and LBP levels in women with overweight/obesity and food addiction.

Discussion
Given the effect of BDNF on regulating eating behavior and body weight and the effect of dietary restrictions on BDNF and the gut microbiome, the TRF diet could possibly be a new way to successfully manage weight through modifying BDNF in people with eating disorders, including food addiction.

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20131228015968N7. Registered on 25 October 2020.
The impact of hydroalcoholic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum plant on epileptic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole in male rat
Authors: Adloo Mohammad , Bahadori Mehrzad , Shojaeifard Manzar Banoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract ofAnacyclus pyrethrumroot (APE) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) drug which is used for inducing epileptic seizures in animal model.Results50 male rats were divided: control (without any intervention), positive control 1st (received PTZ 60 mg/kg, IP), first experimental group (PTZ + Extract 500 mg/kg, gavages, 30 min before PTZ), positive control 2nd (PTZ + Phaclofen, 200 µg/µl, ICV), and second experimental group (PTZ + extract 500 mg/kg, gavage, 30 min before PTZ + Phaclofen 200 µg/µl, ICV). Several parameters were assessed during 20 min and followed up for 1.5 h. Then, the data were analyzed. APE with a dose of 500 mg/kg increased the latency time of seizures in the first experimental group, compared to the positive control 1st, also, comparison of different groups in terms of Seizure Score at the 1st time (severity of first attack) had no significant difference (P-value = 0.51,P-value = 0.34). The mean of seizure attacks (event number) was significant between the first and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.01) and also between the second positive control and the first experimental group (P-value = 0.011). Significant changes were observed in the mean score of the first and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.001) and the first experimental and second positive control groups (P-value = 0.003). In addition, the second experimental group had significant changes compared to the first positive control group (P-value = 0.014), However, no significant changes were observed between the positive control and experimental groups in terms of the severity of seizures.ConclusionResults have shown both blocked GABAergic receptors A and B involved in epileptic seizures. In addition, APE root increased delay time of epileptic seizures, as well as reduces epileptic seizure in dose response state.
Accuracy of different sonomammographic imaging modalities in assessment of breast tumor size
Authors: Kandil Nour Mohamed Mahmoud , Hashem Lamiaa Mohamed Bassam , Gareer Sherihan W. Y. , Hashem Aya Mohamed Bassam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate breast cancer size is crucial for staging and an important prognostic factor in patient management. Therapeutic decisions heavily depend on tumor size detection by radiological imaging. The purpose of our prospective comparative study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of different sonomammographic breast imaging modalities, namely DM, DBT, CESM, 2D US and 3D US in the preoperative tumor size measurement.

Results
CESM, 3D US and 2D US achieved moderately strong correlation with the pathological size measurements, while (DM) and (DBT) showed fair correlation with the pathology. CESM showed the highest correlation coefficient (0.789), while (DBT) showed the lowest correlation coefficient (0.411). Regarding the agreement, there was good agreement of the size measured by CESM, 3D US and 2D US with the pathology as the ICC was (0.798), (0.769) and (0.624), respectively. The highest agreement with the pathology was achieved with CESM. The agreement of the size measured by (DM) and (DBT) with the pathology was moderate as the ICC was (0.439) and (0.416), respectively. The lowest agreement was achieved with the size measured by (DBT).

Conclusions
CESM and 3D US are more superior to DM, 2D US and DBT regarding preoperative size measurement. 3D US can be used as preoperative noninvasive technique, especially in patients with impaired renal function who cannot tolerate CESM.
Neural correlates of acute post-traumatic dissociation: a functional neuroimaging script-driven imagery study
Authors: Mertens Yoki L. , Manthey Antje , Sierk Anika , Walter Henrik , Daniels Judith K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCurrent neurobiological models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assume excessive medial frontal activation and hypoactivation of cortico-limbic regions as neural markers of post-traumatic dissociation. Script-driven imagery is an established experimental paradigm that is used to study acute dissociative reactions during trauma exposure. However, there is a scarcity of experimental research investigating neural markers of dissociation; findings from existing script-driven neuroimaging studies are inconsistent and based on small sample sizes.AimsThe current aim was to identify the neural correlates of acute post-traumatic dissociation by employing the script-driven imagery paradigm in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging.MethodFunctional neuroimaging data was acquired in 51 female patients with PTSD with a history of interpersonal childhood trauma. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent response during the traumatic (versus neutral) autobiographical memory recall was analysed, and the derived activation clusters were correlated with dissociation measures.ResultsDuring trauma recall, enhanced activation in the cerebellum, occipital gyri, supramarginal gyrus and amygdala was identified. None of the derived clusters correlated significantly with dissociative symptoms, although patients reported increased levels of acute dissociation following the paradigm.ConclusionsThe present study is one of the largest functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations of dissociative neural biomarkers in patients with PTSD undergoing experimentally induced trauma confrontation to elicit symptom-specific brain reactivity. In light of the current reproducibility crisis prominent in neuroimaging research owing to costly and time-consuming data acquisition, the current (null) findings highlight the difficulty of extracting reliable neurobiological biomarkers for complex subjective experiences such as dissociation.
Joint Disposition Properties and Comprehensive Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Liao Kai H. , Williams Jason H. , Palani Santhosh , Yin Donghua , Meng Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise 3 distinct parts: a specific antibody carrier (mAb), a linker, and a cytotoxic payload. Typical pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization of ADCs remains fragmented using separate noncompartmental analyses (NCA) of individual analytes, offering little insight into the dynamic relationships among the ADC components, and the safety and efficacy implications. As a result, it is exceedingly difficult to compare ADCs in terms of favorable PK characteristics. Therefore, there is a need for characterizing ADCs using the joint disposition properties critical for understanding the fate of an ADC complex and clinical implications. In this communication, we describe 3 joint disposition metrics (JDMs) for integrated NCA of ADCs based on a combination of common analytes of ADC, payload, conjugated payload, and total mAb. These JDMs were derived, each in a simple form of a ratio between appropriate PK parameters of two analytes, from the presumed drug delivery scheme behind typical ADC designs, in terms of (1) linker stability, (2) therapeutic exposure ratio, and (3) effective drug-to-antibody ratio in vivo. The validity of the JDM-based PK characterization was examined against model-based analyses via their applications to 3 clinical candidates: PF-06650808, PF-06647020, and PF-06664178. For instance, the linker stability estimates for PF-06650808, PF-06647020, and PF-06664178 were 0.31, 0.14, and 0.096, respectively, from the JDM-based analyses vs. 0.23, 0.11, and 0.086 by the model-based approach. Additionally, the JDMs were estimated for a number of FDA-approved or otherwise well-documented ADCs, showing their utilities in comparing ADCs in terms of favorable PK characteristics.
Graphical Abstract
Gaelscoil Activists as a Postcolonial Subaltern and the Emergence of the Gaelscoileanna, ca. 1970
Authors: Ó Luain Kerron 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This is the first attempt to analyze Gaelscoil (Irish-medium school) activists using the lens of Gramscian subalternity. The activists who founded Irish-medium schools in the early 1970s are situated as part of the subaltern that exists in postcolonial countries. Drawing on later work on subalternity by Indian scholars, this article considers Gaelscoil activists within the context of colonial social production. Heeding Gramsci’s call to study the changing modes of production that give rise to new subaltern groups, it then examines the emergence of the Gaelscoil founding groups formed by these activists within the context of the rapidly globalizing capitalist economy of the Southern Irish state. Though the Gaelscoil activists drew on nineteenth-century ideologies of revitalization, during the early 1970s they managed to accommodate the Irish language to the Anglophone-dominated modern world. In the process, they birthed a decolonial movement that has impacted the lives of hundreds of thousands of Gaelscoil students over the last fifty years.
“Harvard Scientist Seeks Typical Irishman”
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 1870, the Belgian Adolphe Quetelet wrote in his seminal scientific work Anthropometrié that “the average man characterises the nation to which he belongs.” An obsession with the “national” characterized the field of anthropometry, which scientists such as Quetelet pioneered in the Francophone world; their techniques were quickly adopted and adapted elsewhere—by Francis Galton in London and by Aleš Hrdlička, Earnest Hooton, and Franz Boas in the United States. Ireland played a surprisingly central role in this burgeoning new field of international scientific enquiry, which quickly became focused on connecting racial and criminal “degeneracy” under the guise of a scientific search for the “normal,” “average,” or “typical” example of any given ethnic or social group. This article connects two major Irish research projects, the Dublin Anthropometric Lab at Trinity College Dublin (1888–99) and the physical anthropology strand of the Harvard Irish Study (1934–36), to show that Ireland was an important node in the network of scientists and researchers who constructed the discourses of global racial science.
Irish Social Catholicism and the Development of the Living Wage Doctrine
Authors: Doyle Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article traces the development of the living wage concept in the social thought of Irish Catholic intellectuals in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including Revs. John A. Ryan and Walter McDonald, and Edward Phelan, who helped establish the International Labour Organization. The debates in which these thinkers engaged highlight the importance of gendered understandings of work and the significance of the family unit in the development of a moral critique of the capitalist system. This led to their differing views on the role to be played by the state in regulating the economy, and revealed how inseparable religion and economics were in their social thought. Social Catholicism played an important role in framing social policy in Ireland after independence; through the living wage doctrine, it played a significant part in a wider transatlantic debate about the moral questions posed by capitalism, in ways that continue to reverberate today.
Tiempo Al Tiempo
Authors: Campbell Baird 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article explores the role of critical engagement with official and alternative historical narratives for dissident/diverse activists in Chile. Intervening in the debate surrounding queer temporality, which has tended to focus on the idea of futurity, the article brings Elizabeth Freeman's concept of “temporal drag” into conversation with Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui's theorization of ch'ixi subjectivity to argue that temporal drag on ch'ixi bodies renders visible the impact of colonial norms surrounding race and sexuality in the creation of the modern Chilean nation-state. Through four case studies, gathered via archival research and ethnographic participant observation, the author makes the case that by engaging with and questioning, rather than running from, official historical narratives, dissident/diverse activists in Chile carry out activism that brings to light both the country's historical and continuing oppression of sexual and racial minorities and the violent histories of colonialism and dictatorship that have made this oppression possible.