bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 16% and FF over 80%
Authors: Meng Lingxian , Li Mingpeng , Lu Guanyu , Shen Zichao , Wu Simin , Liang Huazhe , Li Zhixiang , Lu Guanghao , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecule engineering has been demonstrated as a valid strategy to adjust the active layer morphology in all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs). In this work, two non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), FO‐2Cl and FO‐EH‐2Cl, with different alkyl side chains are reported and applied in ASC‐OSCs. Compared with FO‐2Cl, FO‐EH‐2Cl is designed by replacing the octyl alkyl chains with branched iso‐octyl alkyl chains, leading to an enhanced molecular packing, crystallinity, and redshifted absorption. With a small molecule BSFTR as donor, the device of BSFTR:FO‐EH‐2Cl obtains a better morphology and achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.78% with a notable fill factor (FF) of 80.44% than that of the FO‐2Cl‐based device with a PCE of 15.27% and FF of 78.41%. To the authors’ knowledge, the FF of 80.44% is the highest value in ASM‐OSCs. These results demonstrate a good example of fine‐tuning the molecular structure to achieve suitable active layer morphology with promising performance for ASM‐OSCs, which can provide valuable insight into material design for high‐efficiency ASM‐OSCs.
Clinician's voice: Trauma‐informed practices in higher education
Authors: Hunter Josalin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs higher education practitioners, it can feel like our growing awareness of the prevalence and impact of trauma makes us responsible for the care of faculty, staff, and students in the learning environment even when we feel inadequate in doing so. As both an educator and clinician, I am aware of how difficult it might be to identify and address this in classrooms and on college campuses. This article provides some background about how trauma manifests and offers recommendations for engaging in trauma‐informed practices with students.
Examining the Effect of Digital Storytelling on English Speaking Proficiency, Willingness to Communicate, and Group Cohesion
Authors: Huang Heng‐Tsung Danny 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study focused on digital storytelling (DST) as a task in technology‐mediated task‐based language teaching and examined its effects on English speaking proficiency, willingness to communicate in English (WTCE), and group cohesion (GC). Two intact classes of Taiwanese EFL students, either as the DST group or as the comparison group, first responded to the WTCE scale, the GC scale, and a standardized English speaking test. Next, the DST group completed two DST tasks, each of which entailed locating information, generating the story script, obtaining visual and aural support, rehearsing and recording the oral reading, combining the visual and aural support with the audio recording to create the digital story, and playing the digital story and then telling the story again with the muted digital story in class. During the weeks when the DST group presented digital stories, the comparison group watched and discussed movies and composed a reflective report in English. Finally, both groups responded to the WTCE scale and GC scale again and took another set of the standardized English speaking test. Data analyses disclosed that DST tasks significantly increased English speaking proficiency and GC but affected WTCE in a positive yet nonsignificant manner.
Wind tunnel study on natural instability of the normal force on a full‐scale wind turbine blade section at Reynolds number 4.7 · 106
Authors: Neunaber Ingrid , Danbon Frédéric , Soulier Antoine , Voisin Dimitri , Guilmineau Emmanuel , Delpech Philippe , Courtine Sébastien , Taymans Claire , Braud Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind turbines are exposed to the turbulent wind of the atmospheric boundary layer. Consequently, the aerodynamic forces acting on the rotor blades are highly complex. To improve the understanding, a common practice is the experimental or numerical investigation of 2d (wind turbine) blade sections. In these investigations, the flow around the 2d blade section is assumed to be two‐dimensional; however, 3d effects are known to occur. Therefore, we combine 2d CFD simulations and experimental investigations in a wind tunnel with a 2d wind turbine rotor blade section at full‐scale (i.e., chord length
and chord‐based Reynolds number of
). In the wind tunnel, the inflow turbulence intensity is
. To avoid wall effects biasing the results, the profile does not span the whole test section. The profile was equipped with two rows of pressure taps around the airfoil, close to the center, to monitor the time‐resolved aerodynamic response as well as the flow around the airfoil. The normal force,
curves, and the separation point are analyzed. While 2d simulations and experiments match well, in the experiments, we find natural instabilities, that is, local and temporal variations of the flow separation point at angles of attack close to the maximum lift that are not triggered externally, for example, by inflow variations.
Localization and Inflation
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLocalization and inflation have become essential means of mitigating the effects of the low-rank approximation in ensemble methods. Localization increases the effective rank of the ensemble covariance matrix and allows it to fit a large number of independent observations. Thus, we use localization to reduce sampling errors, in combination with inflation, to reduce the underestimation of the ensemble variance caused by the low-rank approximation. These methods are essential for high-dimensional applications, and this chapter will give a general introduction to various formulations of localization and inflation methods.
Methods’ Summary
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe previous chapters illustrate how we could start from Bayes’ theorem and apply a sequence of assumptions or approximations that allow us to derive the most popular data-assimilation methods in use today. This chapter attempts to summarize the different techniques and presents and compares them in the context of the approximations we made to derive them. We provide a graphical overview that makes it easy to relate different methods and lists the applied approximations.
Maximum a Posteriori Solution
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe will now introduce a fundamental approximation used in most practical data-assimilation methods, namely the definition of Gaussian priors. This approximation simplifies the Bayesian posterior, which allows us to compute the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate and sample from the posterior pdf. This chapter will introduce the Gaussian approximation and then discuss the Gauss–Newton method for finding the MAP estimate. This method is the starting point for many of the data-assimilation algorithms discussed in the following chapters.
Strong-Constraint 4DVar
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the strong-constraint 4-dimensional variational (SC-4DVar) method. By strong constraint, we refer to the dynamical model having no model errors. Hence, the model solution over the assimilation window is entirely determined by the model as soon as we give the initial conditions.
Weak Constraint 4DVar
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is also possible to formulate the 4DVar problem with the model acting as a weak constraint. We then search for a model solution close to the measurements that “almost” satisfies the dynamical model and its initial and boundary conditions. The concept of the model being a “weak constraint” as opposed to “strong constraint” was introduced by Sasaki
(1970b). An early weak-constraint assimilation study is the one byBennett and McIntosh
(1982 who solved the weak-constraint variational inverse problem for an ocean tidal model.
Kalman Filters and 3DVar
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusss solution methods for particular cases of the minimization problem defined by the cost function in Eq. (10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_3). We start by looking for a closed-form solution that minimizes the cost function, and then we continue discussing how specific cases lead to several well-known methods. The first case assumes that the measurements are all located at the initial time of the assimilation window. Thus, there is no need for any model integrations during the minimization.
Randomized-Maximum-Likelihood Sampling
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the following, we derive some methods for sampling the posterior conditional pdf in Eq. (10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_3). We aim to estimate the full pdf, not only finding its maximum. We will, in this chapter, use an approach named randomized maximum likelihood (RML) sampling.
False-negative rate in the extended prospective TATTOO trial evaluating targeted axillary dissection by carbon tattooing in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy
Authors: de Boniface Jana , Frisell Jan , Kühn Thorsten , Wiklander-Bråkenhielm Ingrid , Dembrower Karin , Nyman Per , Zouzos Athanasios , Gerber Bernd , Reimer Toralf , Hartmann Steffi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In clinically node-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), nodal metastases can be initially marked and then removed during surgical axillary staging. Marking methods vary significantly in terms of feasibility and cost. The purpose of the extended TATTOO trial was to report on the false-negative rate (FNR) of the low-cost method carbon tattooing.

Methods
The international prospective single-arm TATTOO trial included clinically node-positive breast cancer patients planned for NST from November 2017 to January 2021. For the present analysis, patients who received both the targeted procedure with or without an additional sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and a completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were selected. Primary endpoint was the FNR.

Results
Out of 172 included patients, 149 had undergone a completion ALND. The detection rate for the tattooed node was 94.6% (141 out of 149). SLN biopsy was attempted in 132 out of 149 patients with a detection rate of 91.7% (121 out of 132). SLN and tattooed node were identical in 58 out of 121 individuals (47.9%). The combined procedure, i.e. targeted axillary dissection (TAD) was successful in 147 of 149 cases (98.7%). Four out of 65 patients with a clinically node-negative status after NST had a negative TAD but metastases on ALND, corresponding to a FNR of 6.2%. All false-negative TAD procedures were performed in the first 2 years of the trial (2018–2019, p = 0.022).

Conclusion
Carbon tattooing is a feasible marking method for TAD with a high detection rate and an acceptably low FNR.
The TATTOO trial was preregistered as prospective trial before initiation at the University of Rostock, Germany (DRKS00013169).
Designing Maker initiatives for educational inclusion
Authors: Leonard Simon N. , Repetto Manuela , Kennedy JohnPaul , Tudini Enza , Fowler Samuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe “Maker” movement is a cultural as well as educational phenomenon that has the potential to offer significant opportunities to students in conditions of social, economic and cultural disadvantage. The research reported in this paper, however, suggests that the simple provision of “Maker Spaces” for such activity is simplistic and not sufficient to realise this potential. The research involved a mixed methods study of a cohort of year 7 students (n = 26) in an Australian school located in a socio-economically disadvantaged outer-metropolitan region. The cohort undertook a range of Maker activities at a new “creativity centre” built at the school. Results indicate that the activities had positive impact on student attitudes towards science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) overall, but that the impact was highly specific across attitudinal constructs. A strong ranging effect was also evident, suggesting that the impact of the experience was highly dependent on students’ initial attitudes. Reflecting on these results, the paper also offers a reference framework that may help keep equity in mind when designing different kinds of Maker experience.
CCND1 Amplification in Breast Cancer -associations With Proliferation, Histopathological Grade, Molecular Subtype and Prognosis
Authors: Valla Marit , Klæstad Elise , Ytterhus Borgny , Bofin Anna M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCCND1 is located on 11q13. Increased CCND1 copy number (CN) in breast cancer (BC) is associated with high histopathological grade, high proliferation, and Luminal B subtype. In this study of CCND1 in primary BCs and corresponding axillary lymph node metastases (LNM),we examine associations between CCND1 CN in primary BCs and proliferation status, molecular subtype, and prognosis. Furthermore, we studied associations between CCND1 CN and CNs of FGFR1 and ZNF703, both of which are located on 8p12. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes for CCND1 and chromosome 11 centromere were used on tissue microarrays comprising 526 BCs and 123 LNM. We assessed associations between CCND1 CN and tumour characteristics using Pearson’s χ2 test, and estimated cumulative risks of death from BC and hazard ratios in analysis of prognosis. We found CCND1 CN ≥ 4 < 6 in 45 (8.6%) tumours, and ≥ 6 in 42 (8.0%). CCND1 CN (≥ 6) was seen in all molecular subtypes, most frequently in Luminal B (HER2−) (20/126; 16%). Increased CCND1 CN was associated with high histopathological grade, high Ki-67, and high mitotic count, but not prognosis. CCND1 CN ≥ 6 was accompanied by CN increase of FGFR1 in 6/40 cases (15.0%) and ZNF703 in 5/38 cases (13.2%). Three cases showed CN increase of all three genes. High CCND1 CN was most frequent in Luminal B (HER2−) tumours. Good correlation between CCND1 CNs in BCs and LNM was observed. Despite associations between high CCND1 CN and aggressive tumour characteristics, the prognostic impact of CCND1 CN remains unresolved.
Colorizing Grayscale CT images of human lungs using deep learning methods
Authors: Wang Yuewei , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImage colorization refers to computer-aided rendering technology which transfers colors from a reference color image to grayscale images or video frames. Deep learning elevated notably in the field of image colorization in the past years. In this paper, we formulate image colorization methods relying on exemplar colorization and automatic colorization, respectively. For hybrid colorization, we select appropriate reference images to colorize the grayscale CT images. The colours of meat resemble those of human lungs, so the images of fresh pork, lamb, beef, and even rotten meat are collected as our dataset for model training. Three sets of training data consisting of meat images are analysed to extract the pixelar features for colorizing lung CT images by using an automatic approach. Pertaining to the results, we consider numerous methods (i.e., loss functions, visual analysis, PSNR, and SSIM) to evaluate the proposed deep learning models. Moreover, compared with other methods of colorizing lung CT images, the results of rendering the images by using deep learning methods are significantly genuine and promising. The metrics for measuring image similarity such as SSIM and PSNR have satisfactory performance, up to 0.55 and 28.0, respectively. Additionally, the methods may provide novel ideas for rendering grayscale X-ray images in airports, ferries, and railway stations.
The potential of cover crops to increase soil organic carbon storage in German croplands
Authors: Seitz Daria , Fischer Lisa Mareen , Dechow Rene , Wiesmeier Martin , Don Axel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of croplands can be enhanced by targeted management, which boosts soil fertility and contributes to climate change mitigation. One SOC sequestration option is adopting cover crops. The aim of this study was to quantify the SOC sequestration potential of cover crops in Germany.

Methods
We simulated SOC scenarios on 1,267 cropland sites with site-specific management data using an SOC model ensemble consisting of RothC and C-TOOL. A new method was developed to estimate carbon input from cover crops that included the effects of climate, sowing date and species on cover crop biomass production.

Results
The recent cover crop area could be tripled to 30% of arable land in Germany. This would enhance total carbon input by 12% and increase SOC stocks by 35 Tg within 50 years, corresponding to an annual increase of 0.06 Mg C ha-1, 2.5 Tg CO2 or 0.8 per mill of current SOC stocks in 0–30 cm depth. On sites with cover crops, 0.28–0.33 Mg C ha-1 a-1 would be accumulated within 50 years. Our simulations predicted that even if the full potential for cover crop growth were realised, there would still be a decline in SOC stocks in German croplands within 50 years due to the underlining negative SOC trend.

Conclusions
Cover crops alone cannot turn croplands from carbon sources to sinks. However, growing them reduces bare fallow periods and SOC losses and thus is an effective climate change mitigation strategy in agriculture.
Impact of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism on lung functions among workers exposed to airborne Aspergillus in a wastewater treatment plant in Egypt
Authors: Saad-Hussein Amal , Moubarz Gehan , Mahdy-Abdallah Heba , Helmy Mona Adel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the risk ofAspergillus(Asp.) positivity and its respiratory health impacts on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers were studied. In addition, it identified the geno-susceptibility role of mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum levels on the pulmonary functions of theAsp.-positive workers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed for 89 workers from a selected WWTP, after exclusion of the smokers. Molecular identification ofAsp.blood positivity was done by 18S rRNA sequencing. Determination of MBL2 gene polymorphism and estimation of MBL serum levels were done. PFTs revealed abnormalities in 49.2% of the workers.Asp.was positive in 42.5% of the workers with different species. Among theAsp.-positive workers, 6.5% of the workers were with obstructive PFTs, 12.9% with restriction, and 22.6% with combined PFT abnormalities. MBL2 genotyping showed that wild genotype AA was common (68.5%) amongAsp.-positive workers compared to the other genotypes. This allele, whether homozygous or heterozygous, was significantly associated with decline in PFTs of the exposed workers. MBL serum levels were significantly lower in workers with obstructive, restrictive, and combined PFT abnormalities compared to those with normal PFTs, and in the workers withAsp.-positive species than theAsp.-negative workers. Moreover, it was significantly lower in workers withAsp. fumigatuscompared to that in the workers with otherAsp.species, and in theAsp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele compared to that in theAsp.-positive workers with homozygous B allele. Working in a WWTP can be associated with impaired PFTs due to exposure to airborne fungi. MBL2 genotyping showed thatAsp.-positive workers with homozygous or heterozygous A allele were at risk to develop decline in their PFTs.
Analysis of the selective traveling salesman problem with time-dependent profits
Authors: Barrena Eva , Canca David , Coelho Leandro C. , Laporte Gilbert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a generalization of the selective traveling salesman problem (STSP) in which the benefit of visiting a location changes over time. This new problem, called the selective travelling salesman problem with time-dependent profits (STSP-TDP), is defined on a graph with time-dependent profits associated with the vertices, and consists of determining a circuit of maximal total profit. In the STSP-TDP the tour length must not exceed a maximum value, and its starting and ending times must both lie within a prespecified planning horizon. This problem arises in planning tourist itineraries, mailbox collection, military surveillance, and water sampling, where the traveler accumulates different profits upon visiting the locations throughout the day. We focus on analyzing several variants of the problem depending on the shape of the time-dependent profit function. If this function is not monotonic, it may be worth visiting a site more than once. We propose formulations for the single-visit case and for when multiple visits are allowed, in which case the problem reduces to an STSP, which is adapted to be solved as a longest path problem. These formulations are then solved for piecewise-linear profit functions using a general-purpose solver, and tested on several artificially created instances and on four TSPLib instances involving up to 535 vertices. A detailed analysis of the problem and the solution is performed.
Pet Ownership and the Risk of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Surma Stanisław , Oparil Suzanne , Narkiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hypertension prevention and cardiovascular risk reduction are cornerstones in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Potential applicability of nontraditional cardiovascular risk reduction methods, such as pet ownership, raises a growing interest.

Recent Findings
Studies show that having pets may reduce the risk of death from any cause, particularly from cardiovascular causes. Furthermore, results of some studies indicate that having pets may reduce the risk of developing hypertension and improve blood pressure control in patients with established hypertension. In addition, there is evidence that having pets may improve the prognosis of patients after myocardial infarction and stroke. One of the most important cardioprotective mechanisms of pet ownership is reduction in activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Summary
Pet ownership has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, likely related to antihypertensive and cardioprotective mechanisms.
Een kwalitatief onderzoek naar het zoeken naar hulp door boeren met psychosociale problemen
Authors: Kuijk Jorien , Wessel Rilana , Kunst Anton 
Published: April 2022

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd naar aanleiding van zorgen over het welzijn van boeren en het mogelijke probleem dat ze onvoldoende psychosociale hulp krijgen.

Methode
Wij onderzochten waardoor boeren psychosociale problemen ontwikkelen, hoe ze daarmee omgaan en welke barrières ze tegenkomen bij het zoeken naar hulp. We hebben kwalitatieve interviews uitgevoerd onder zestien boeren, voornamelijk melkveehouders, uit de regio IJsselland. De transcripten werden inductief gecodeerd en thematisch geanalyseerd.

Resultaten
We vonden dat boeren psychosociale problemen ontwikkelen door hoge druk van veranderende wet- en regelgeving, afhankelijkheid van banken en grote bedrijven, schaalvergroting, kleine winstmarges en de vele eisen die aan hun bedrijfsvoering worden gesteld. Daarnaast hebben ze last van beeldvorming in de media en onder burgers. Ze gaan bij stress en problemen harder werken en lossen het zelf op. Ze erkennen het belang van praten, ook informeel, maar het initiatief nemen ze vaak niet of relatief laat. Professionele hulp zoeken ze niet gauw, vanwege het taboe op geestelijke gezondheidszorg, en boeren zien hulp zoeken veelal als falen. Ook weten ze vaak niet waar ze bij het boerenbestaan aansluitende hulp kunnen vinden.

Conclusie
(Prevalente) psychosociale problemen bij boeren worden onvoldoende adequaat geadresseerd. We bevelen aan om begrip van het boerenbestaan bij hulpverleners en het vertrouwen van boeren in de hulpverlening te vergroten.