bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a new 10% normal human immunoglobulin for intravenous infusion, BT595, in children and adults with primary immunodeficiency disease
Authors: Kriván Gergely , Borte Michael , Harris James B. , Lumry William R. , Aigner Silke , Lentze Stephan , Staiger Christiane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a new, highly purified 10% IVIg (BT595, Yimmugo®) administered in children and adults with Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID).Materials and MethodsProspective, uncontrolled, multicentre Phase III trial. Patients aged 2 to <76 years with PID were switched from their pre‐trial IVIg replacement therapy to BT595. In all, 67 patients (49 adults, 18 children) received doses between 0.2 and 0.8 g/kg body weight for approximately 12 months at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks. Dosing and dosing intervals were based on each patient's pre‐trial infusion schedule. The primary end point was the rate of acute serious bacterial infections (SBIs); secondary efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic outcomes were also evaluated.ResultsThe primary efficacy end point was met, and the unadjusted SBI rate was 0.01 per subject‐year (adjusted SBI rate 0.015 per subject‐year, with an upper limit of the one‐sided 99% confidence interval of 0.151). A single adult patient experienced one event classified as an SBI. All secondary end points, including those related to infections, supported the efficacy. Infusion rates were increased up to 8 ml/kg/h. Overall, 8% of infusions were associated with ≥1 infusional adverse event (AE) (start during or within 72 h post‐infusion), comprising mainly headache (2.4%), fatigue (0.9%) and nausea (0.5%). There were no infusional AEs at infusion rates of >4.0 ml/kg/h, and only one patient required a single premedication. The observed patterns, severity and frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events are consistent with the established safety profile for IVIgs and did not show clinically relevant differences between all age groups.ConclusionBT595 is effective, safe and well tolerated for treating patients with PID.
Care bundles for women during pregnancy, labor/birth, and postpartum: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ryan Theo , Smith Valerie 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review will identify the existence and type of care bundles developed, evaluated, or used by health care professionals in providing maternity care to women during pregnancy, labor/birth, and postpartum.

Introduction:
Care bundles consist of at least 3 to 5 evidence-based health care interventions that are implemented together in 1 clinical episode, consistently. Care bundle use is predicated on the notion that better clinical outcomes can be achieved when the interventions, often existing as part of standard care, are used collectively rather than in isolation. Although widely adopted in some health care sectors (eg, in critical care), care bundle use during pregnancy, labor/birth, and postpartum appears relatively recent.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include records on women during pregnancy, labor/birth, and postpartum (up to 6 weeks) as recipients of care bundles applied by a health care professional. Women may be at low or high risk of maternity complications, receiving maternity care in hospital, community, or home settings, in any geographical location. Care bundles applicable to neonates will be excluded.

Methods:
The Maternity and Infant Care, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Epistemonikos databases will be searched from 2000 onward. The concepts of “care bundles” AND “maternity care” will underpin the search strings. Language limitations will not be applied, although only records published in English will be included. Two reviewers will independently assess the records for inclusion and extract the data. The findings will be charted using narrative summary text, illustrative tables, and illustrative figures.

Scoping review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/bdwfy/
A Dimension Reduction-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Method for High Pressure Turbine Blades
Authors: Hu Kaibin , Ju Yaping , Feng Yi , Zhang Chuhua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The complex aero-thermal coupling between fluid and solid regions within high-pressure turbines makes it important to perform multidisciplinary design optimization of high-pressure turbine blades. However, most published works failed to consider the correlations between blade profiles and cooling structures that could best compromise the aerodynamic and thermal performance of high-pressure turbine blades, and the related optimization problems were so far limited to single- or bi-objective ones. The critical drawbacks of these available studies are mainly due to the reduced accuracies of the adopted methods when dealing with large numbers of design variables and objectives. To tackle these difficulties, a dimension reduction-based multidisciplinary design optimization method is proposed and validated through an aero-thermal design optimization of the NASA-C3X vane with a total of 39 design variables and five performance objectives. The main novelties of this proposed method lie in a hybrid dimension reduction of design space by means of the proper orthogonal decomposition and global sensitivity analysis methods, as well as the integration of the ensemble surrogate model and the reference vector evolutionary algorithm for optimal solutions. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the ensemble surrogate model for each performance objective is enhanced, even though the dimensionalities of design space are reduced. Complicated compromises exist among the five performance objectives under consideration. For NASA-C3X vane, the optimal design helps reduce irreversible flow losses especially wake losses while reducing the volumes with high-temperature and high-temperature gradient near the trailing edge is mainly responsible for the reduced irreversible losses due to heat transfer. The outcomes of this work are particularly relevant for the advanced design optimization methods for high pressure turbines.
The Application of the Arbitrary-Order Galerkin Reduction Method to the Dynamic Analysis of a Rotor With a Preloaded Single-Pad Foil-Air Bearing
Authors: Ghalayini Ibrahim , Bonello Philip 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The compressible Reynolds equation (RE) is typically integrated within a fully coupled dynamical foil-air bearings (FABs)-rotor system via spatial Discretization transformation, e.g., finite difference (FD), finite element (FE). An alternative way of integrating the RE is through Galerkin reduction (GR). The motivation for using GR is the computational benefit coming from the drastic condensation of the problem due to the elimination of the two-dimensional grid used for the air film in FD or FE. This paper presents a novel application of arbitrary-order GR to both nonlinear and linearized analyses of rotor systems supported by single-pad FABs with variable radial clearance (preload). Simulations using FD gave a close correlation with those using GR for all preloads, with discrepancies increasing as the preload approaches the nominal clearance (c). The simulations show that the preload has to exceed a certain level in order to delay the onset of instability speed (OIS), and significant delay in OIS and suppression of subsynchronous vibration is possible when the preload is comparable to c. Experimental validation is provided.
Application of CT Postprocessing Reconstruction Technique in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules and Analysis of Risk Factors
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Xu Bingqiang 
Published: August 2022

Objective. To evaluate the application of CT postprocessing reconstruction technique in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules and analysis of risk factors. Methods. A total of 150 solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the benign SPN group (

n
=
64

) and the malignant SPN group (

n
=
86

) according to pathological results. All subjects underwent CT plain scan and CT postprocessing reconstruction, and the general information of the subjects was collected. The diagnostic value of CT plain scan and CT postprocessing reconstruction techniques for benign and malignant SPN was compared; and the CT signs of benign and malignant SPN were compared, and the risk factors of malignant SPN were analyzed. Results. The pathological results of this study showed that there were 64 cases with benign SPN and 86 cases with malignant SPN. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive rate, and negative predictive rate of CT postprocessing reconstruction technology in diagnosing malignant SPN were 73.44%, 89.53%, 82.67%, 83.39%, and 81.91%, respectively, which were higher than 56.25%, 65.12%, 61.33%, 54.55%, and 66.67% of CT plain scan, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). There were no significant differences in nodule location, nodule density, vacuole sign, vessel convergence, and pleural depression sign between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). There were statistically significant differences in age, nodule diameter, lobulation sign, burr sign, calcification components, and ground-glass components between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

). Multivariate analysis showed that

age
≥
60

years, nodule

diameter
≥
15

mm

, the presence of lobulation sign, burr sign, ground-glass components, and noncalcification components were independent risk factors for malignant SPN. Conclusion. CT postprocessing reconstruction technique has high diagnostic value in the differentiation of benign and malignant SPN,

age
≥
60

years

, nodule

diameter
≥
15

mm

, lobulation signs, burr signs, ground-glass components, and noncalcification components are independent risk factors for malignant SPN.
Probabilistisch-teleologische Epistolarität
Authors: Stiening Gideon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lambert’s choice of genre for his Cosmological Letters – the scholarly correspondence – was conscious and well-founded, as it facilitated a certain form of reflection and presentation. Such letters enabled him to integrate more complex reasoning into the presentation of a specific problem than the scholarly dialogues that had been common since Fontenelle. Lambert needed to integrate sophisticated demonstrations from the theories of probability and teleology, as empirical knowledge was insufficient or unproven. With regard to his subject (the order of the comets, satellites, planets and galaxies of the universe), theonomistic and probabilistic cosmology could be convincingly communicated in the form of letters.
A peripheral opioid antagonist for treating urinary retention induced by opioids: A case report
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano 
Published: August 2022

Background: Urinary retention is a poorly studied opioid-related adverse effect. There is a paucity of data regarding the treatment of such disturbance in patients with advanced cancer receiving opioids. Actual case: A young man, without comorbidities, was receiving 30 mg/day of oxycodone for abdominal pain due to pancreatic cancer, unsuccessfully. He also complained of severe urinary retention that developed after initiation of opioid therapy. Methadone therapy was effective on pain intensity, but bladder dysfunction persisted. Possible courses of action: Only anedoctal experience exists for opioid-induced urinary retention. The options included alpha-receptor blockers and flavoxate, which are symptomatic drugs, not addressed to the possible mechanism. Formulation of a plan: The use of a peripheral opioid antagonist was planned, according to the presumed mechanism of urinary retention. Thus, naldemedine 200 mcg was prescribed for relieving urinary retention. Outcome: The day after starting naldemedine, urinary retention completely reversed and pain was well-controlled. Lessons: The rational of using naldemedine was based on the component of opioid-induced urinary retention due to involvement of peripheral receptors in the bladder and sphincter. View: In this case report, the effect of the peripheral opioid antagonist was prompt and long-lasting. Future studies of this neglected adverse effect of opioids should be performed to confirm this observation.
Bioinformatics analysis of mRNA profiles and identification of microRNA-mRNA network in CD4+ T cells in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Jin Peng , Zhang Hongping , Zhu Xilin , Sun Kaiyue , Jiang Tao , Shi Li , Zhi Lili , Zhang Hailing 
Published: August 2022

Objective We aimed to discover potential circulating genes and non-coding molecules (micro RNA [miRNA] and circular RNA [circRNA]) in CD4+ T cells in relation to seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods Microarray data of GSE50223 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during and outside the pollen season were analyzed using R software and by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The protein–protein interactions, modules, miRNAs targeting DEGs, merged miRNA–DEG networks, and circRNAs targeted with miRNAs were further analyzed. Results We identified 211 DEGs during the pollen season and eight DEGs outside the season, of which only MMP12, NR4A2, and CD69 were differentially expressed both during and outside the pollen season. DEGs during the pollen season were enriched in the GO categories ‘neutrophil degranulation’, ‘neutrophil activation involved in immune response’, ‘neutrophil mediated immunity’, and ‘neutrophil activation’. A significant module was identified with key nodes of CDK6 and hsa-miR-29b-3p. Six significant circRNAs were also identified. Conclusions Some genes, miRNAs, and circRNAs in CD4+ T may play vital roles in SAR and may thus be potential targets for the prevention and treatment of SAR.
Exploring Latino Perspectives in Childhood Fever: Beliefs, Practices, and Needs
Authors: Acorda Darlene E. , Engebretson Joan , DesOrmeaux Christina , Cuccaro Paula , Rozmus Cathy 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Latino parents have significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions about fever. In this study, we explored Latino beliefs and practices around fever and its impact on their care decisions. Methods: A qualitative-focused ethnography was conducted with 21 Latino parents. Semi-structured interviews were completed, and inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes. Results: Three major themes emerged: (a) the meaning of fever; (b) seeking guidance; and (c) navigating fever. Subthemes included: a sign of folk illness, a sign of infection, trust in health care providers, watchful waiting, and barriers and needs. Discussion: Latino parents have significant knowledge gaps about the role of fever in illness. They engage multiple systems of care but rarely share their fears with health care providers. Culturally-sensitive interventions incorporating traditional and biomedical approaches are needed. Findings can help inform future interventions targeting knowledge gaps in this population.
Symbolic kraals: Subterranean food stores, hidden wealth and ethnographic errors
Authors: Russell Thembi 
Published: August 2022

Iron Age studies in South Africa are dominated by Huffman’s (1982, 1986, 1993, 2001) ethnographically derived Central Cattle Pattern model, which identifies the cattle-based bridewealth institution of South Eastern Bantu-language speakers by the spatial distribution of specific archaeological features. The idea of the spatial expression ‘on the ground’ of a variety of symbolic codes was Adam Kuper’s (1980, 1982) interpretation of predominantly Swazi ethnography. Surprisingly, Kuper’s work has never been interrogated and consequently his misunderstanding of the ethnography was carried into the Central Cattle Pattern and interpretations of the last 1600 years of Iron Age, farmer archaeology in southern Africa. Two particular features, burials and subterranean grain storage pits, and their relationship to cattle-kraals are explored. Because cattle are central to the Central Cattle Pattern, much archaeological attention has been given to looking for evidence of cattle at archaeological sites, either by dung, bones or cattle-kraals. The paper presents the views of contemporary Swazi, Xhosa and Mfengu people that suggest the symbolic importance of cattle-kraals; in the extreme they may not reflect the presence of livestock at all, yet their persisting presence demonstrates the continuing importance of cattle, real or imagined.
Challenges in the successful management of asthma during conception, pregnancy and delivery
Authors: Gade Elisabeth J. , Tidemandsen Casper , Hansen Anne V. , Ulrik Charlotte S. , Backer Vibeke 
Published: August 2022

Asthma and infertility are the most common disorders among women of reproductive age. Time to pregnancy is prolonged in women with asthma, and importantly, age seems to be a more important risk factor regarding fertility in women with asthma compared to women without asthma. Some data have shown a higher frequency of miscarriages in women with asthma, although the data are conflicting on this issue as studies have observed no association between asthma and pregnancy loss. Furthermore, studies have shown no negative effect of asthma on the total number of offspring. Pregnancy may, thus, have a significant impact on women with asthma, as well as on their offspring.The age of the women has an important impact on ability to conceive, but also for the pregnancy itself, with higher risk of uncontrolled asthma as well as asthma exacerbations with increasing age. Well-controlled asthma decreases the risk of maternal and fetal complications, while poorly controlled and undertreated asthma is associated with a range of risks for both mother and fetus. Asthma treatment should follow the general guidelines for asthma therapy, irrespective of pregnancy status, including treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, β2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists. Targeted treatment with biologics for severe asthma seems to be without important adverse effects. The use of systemic corticosteroids may be associated with adverse events during the first trimester; however, an exacerbation with the associated risk of hypoxaemia is worse for the fetus. Best possible asthma control may be achieved using repeated measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), as the use ofFENOcompared with symptoms registration only has been shown to reduce exacerbation rate.In conclusion, women with asthma should be encouraged to conceive at an early age, might experience miscarriages, but the number of offspring are the same as in women without asthma. Well treated asthma is important for the well-being of both the mother and the unborn fetus.
Towards reliable whole genome sequencing for outbreak preparedness and response
Authors: Nieuwenhuijse David F. , van der Linden Anne , Kohl Robert H. G. , Sikkema Reina S. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Oude Munnink Bas B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
To understand the dynamics of infectious diseases, genomic epidemiology is increasingly advocated, with a need for rapid generation of genetic sequences during outbreaks for public health decision making. Here, we explore the use of metagenomic sequencing compared to specific amplicon- and capture-based sequencing, both on the Nanopore and the Illumina platform for generation of whole genomes of Usutu virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, and Yellow Fever virus.

Results
We show that amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing can be used to rapidly obtain whole genome sequences in samples with a viral load up to Ct 33 and capture-based Illumina is the most sensitive method for initial virus determination.

Conclusions
The choice of sequencing approach and platform is important for laboratories wishing to start whole genome sequencing. Depending on the purpose of genome sequencing the best choice can differ. The insights presented in this work and the shown differences in data characteristics can guide labs to make a well informed choice.
Comparative transcriptome analysis linked to key volatiles reveals molecular mechanisms of aroma compound biosynthesis in Prunus mume
Authors: Xiujun Wang , Zhenqi Song , Yujing Ti , Kaifeng Ma , Qingwei Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Mei (Prunus mume) is the only woody plant in the genus Prunus with a floral fragrance, but the underlying mechanisms of aroma compound biosynthesis are unclear despite being a matter of considerable interest.

Results
The volatile contents of the petals of two cultivars with significantly different aromas, Prunus mume ‘Xiao Lve’ and Prunus mume ‘Xiangxue Gongfen’, were characterised by GC-MS at different flowering periods, and a total of 44 volatile compounds were detected. Among these, the main substances forming the typical aroma of P. mume were identified as eugenol, cinnamyl acetate, hexyl acetate and benzyl acetate, with variations in their relative concentrations leading to sensory differences in the aroma of the two cultivars. We compiled a transcriptome database at key stages of floral fragrance formation in the two cultivars and used it in combination with differential analysis of floral volatiles to construct a regulatory network for the biosynthesis of key aroma compounds. The results indicated that PmPAL enzymes and PmMYB4 transcription factors play important roles in regulating the accumulation of key biosynthetic precursors to these compounds. Cytochrome P450s and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases might also influence the biosynthesis of benzyl acetate by regulating production of key precursors such as benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Furthermore, by analogy to genes with verified functions in Arabidopsis, we predicted that three PmCAD genes, two 4CL genes, three CCR genes and two IGS genes all make important contributions to the synthesis of cinnamyl acetate and eugenol in P. mume. This analysis also suggested that the downstream genes PmBGLU18-like, PmUGT71A16 and PmUGT73C6 participate in regulation of the matrix-bound and volatile states of P. mume aroma compounds.

Conclusions
These findings present potential new anchor points for further exploration of floral aroma compound biosynthesis pathways in P. mume, and provide new insights into aroma induction and regulation mechanisms in woody plants.