bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Ultrasound to Assess Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity in Children: External Validation and Comparison of 2 Intestinal Ultrasound Activity Indices
Authors: van Wassenaer Elsa A , van Rijn Rick R , Zwetsloot Sabrina L M , de Voogd Floris A E , van Schuppen Joost , Kindermann Angelika , de Meij Tim G J , van Limbergen Johan E , Gecse K B , D’Haens Geert R , Benninga Marc A , Koot Bart G P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There is currently no consensus on the definition of an abnormal intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for children with ulcerative colitis (UC). This cross-sectional study aimed to externally validate and compare 2 existing IUS indices in children with UC.

Methods
Children undergoing colonoscopy for UC assessment underwent IUS the day before colonoscopy, assessed with the Mayo endoscopic subscore. The UC-IUS index and the Civitelli index were compared with the Mayo endoscopic score in the ascending, transverse, and descending colon. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for detecting a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 of both scores was compared and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results
A total of 35 UC patients were included (median age 15 years, 39% female). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was higher for the UC-IUS index in the ascending colon (0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-0.97] vs 0.76 [95% CI, 0.59-0.93]; P = .046) and transverse colon (0.88 [95% CI, 0.76-1.00] vs 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60-0.93]; P = .01). In the descending colon, there was no difference (0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.99] vs 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.98]). The optimal cutoff for the UC-IUS was &lt;1 point to rule out a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 (sensitivity: 88%, 100%, and 90% in the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, respectively) and a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 could be detected using a cutoff of &gt;1 (specificity: 84%, 83%, and 87%, respectively). For the Civitelli index, in our cohort, the optimal cutoff was &lt;1 to rule out a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 (sensitivity 75%, 65%, and 80%, respectively) and a cutoff &gt;1 to detect a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2 (specificity 89%, 89%, and 93%, respectively).

Conclusions
In this cohort, the UC-IUS index performed better than the Civitelli index. The UC-IUS index had both a high sensitivity and specificity in this cohort, when using 1 point as cutoff for a Mayo endoscopic score ≥2.
Asymptotic analysis of 3D dynamic equations in linear elasticity for a thin layer resting on a Winkler foundation
Authors: Erbaş Bariş , Kaplunov Julius , Kiliç Gökçe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 3D dynamic problem for a thin elastic layer resting on a Winkler foundation is considered. The stiffness of the layer is assumed to be much greater than that of the foundation in order to allow low-frequency bending motion. The leading long-wave approximation valid outside the vicinity of the cut-off frequency is derived. It is identical to the classical Kirchhoff plate theory. A novel near cut-off 2D approximation is also established. It involves both bending and extension motions which are not separated from each other due to the effect of the foundation. The associated dispersion relation appears to be non-uniform over the small wavenumber domain.
A locking-free staggered DG method for the Biot system of poroelasticity on general polygonal meshes
Authors: Zhao Lina , Chung Eric , Park Eun-Jae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose and analyze a staggered discontinuous Galerkin method for a five-field formulation of the Biot system of poroelasticity on general polygonal meshes. Elasticity is equipped with a stress–displacement–rotation formulation with weak stress symmetry for arbitrary polynomial orders, which extends the piecewise constant approximation developed in Zhao and Park (2020, A staggered cell-centered DG method for linear elasticity on polygonal meshes, SIAM J. Sci. Comput.42, A2158–A2181). The proposed method is locking-free and can handle highly distorted grids, possibly including hanging nodes, which is desirable for practical applications. We prove the convergence estimates for the semidiscrete scheme and fully discrete scheme for all the variables in their natural norms. In particular, the stability and convergence analyses do not need a uniformly positive storativity coefficient. Moreover, to reduce the size of the global system, we propose a five-field-formulation-based fixed stress splitting scheme, where the linear convergence of the scheme is proved. Several numerical experiments are carried out to confirm the optimal convergence rates and the locking-free property of the proposed method.
Tiered Trees and Theta Operators
Authors: D’Adderio Michele , Iraci Alessandro , Le Borgne Yvan , Romero Marino , Vanden Wyngaerd Anna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In [10], the authors introduced tiered trees to define combinatorial objects counting absolutely indecomposable representations of certain quivers and torus orbits on certain homogeneous varieties. In this paper, we use Theta operators, introduced in [6], to give a symmetric function formula that enumerates these trees. We then formulate a general conjecture that extends this result, a special case of which might give some insight about how to formulate a unified Delta conjecture [20].
Whole-genome sequence and assembly of the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch)
Authors: Escalona Merly , VanCampen Jake , Maurer Nicholas W , Haukness Marina , Okhovat Mariam , Harris Robert S , Watwood Allison , Hartley Gabrielle A , O’Neill Rachel J , Medvedev Paul , Makova Kateryna D , Vollmers Christopher , Carbone Lucia , Green Richard E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Javan gibbon, Hylobates moloch, is an endangered gibbon species restricted to the forest remnants of western and central Java, Indonesia, and one of the rarest of the Hylobatidae family. Hylobatids consist of 4 genera (Holoock, Hylobates, Symphalangus, and Nomascus) that are characterized by different numbers of chromosomes, ranging from 38 to 52. The underlying cause of this karyotype plasticity is not entirely understood, at least in part, due to the limited availability of genomic data. Here we present the first scaffold-level assembly for H. moloch using a combination of whole-genome Illumina short reads, 10X Chromium linked reads, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore long reads and proximity-ligation data. This Hylobates genome represents a valuable new resource for comparative genomics studies in primates.
Cosmological gas accretion history onto the stellar discs of Milky Way-like galaxies in the Auriga simulations – (I) Temporal dependency
Authors: Iza Federico G , Scannapieco Cecilia , Nuza Sebastián E , Grand Robert J J , Gómez Facundo A , Springel Volker , Pakmor Rüdiger , Marinacci Federico 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the 30 simulations of the Auriga Project to estimate the temporal dependency of the inflow, outflow, and net accretion rates onto the discs of Milky Way-like galaxies. The net accretion rates are found to be similar for all galaxies at early times, increasing rapidly up to $\sim 10~\mathrm{M}_\odot \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. After ∼6 Gyr of evolution, however, the net accretion rates are diverse: in most galaxies, these exhibit an exponential-like decay, but some systems instead present increasing or approximately constant levels up to the present time. An exponential fit to the net accretion rates averaged over the MW analogues yields typical decay time-scale of 7.2 Gyr. The analysis of the time-evolution of the inflow and outflow rates, and their relation to the star formation rate (SFR) in the discs, confirms the close connection between these quantities. First, the inflow/outflow ratio stays approximately constant, with typical values of $\dot{M}_\mathrm{out}/ \dot{M}_\mathrm{in} \sim 0.75$, indicating that the gas mass involved in outflows is of the order of 25 per cent lower compared to that involved in inflows. A similar behaviour is found for the SFR/inflow rate ratio, with typical values between 0.1 and 0.3, and for the outflow rate/SFR, which varies in the range 3.5–5.5. Our results show that continuous inflow is key to the SFR levels in disc galaxies, and that the star formation activity and the subsequent feedback in the discs is able to produce mass-loaded galaxy winds in the disc–halo interface.
Redshift evolution and non-universal dispersion of quasar luminosity correlation
Authors: Li Zhuoyang , Huang Lu , Wang Junchao 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model is recently reported to deviate from the high-redshift Hubble diagram of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) and quasars (QSOs) at ∼4σ confidence level. In this work, we combine the PAge approximation (a nearly model-independent parametrization) and a high-quality QSO sample to search for the origins of the deviation. By visualizing the ΛCDM model and the marginalized 3σ constraints of SNe+QSOs into the PAge space, we confirm that the SNe+QSO constraints in both flat and non-flat PAge cases are in remarkable tension with the standard ΛCDM cosmology. Next, we investigate the tension from the perspective of redshift-evolution effects. We find that the QSO correlation coefficient γ calibrated by SNe+low-z QSOs and SNe+high-z QSOs shows ∼2.7σ and ∼4σ tensions in flat and non-flat universes, respectively. The tensions for intrinsic dispersion δ between different data sets are found to be &gt;4σ in both flat and non-flat cases. These results indicate that the QSO luminosity correlation suffers from significant redshift evolution and non-universal intrinsic dispersion. Using a redshift-dependence correlation to build QSO Hubble diagram could lead to biases. Thus, the ∼4σ deviation from the standard ΛCDM probably originates from the redshift-evolution effects and non-universal dispersion of the QSO luminosity correlation rather than new physics.
Inside the core of a young massive star cluster: 3D MHD simulations
Authors: Badmaev D V , Bykov A M , Kalyashova M E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Young massive star clusters inhabit regions of star formation and play an essential role in the galactic evolution. They are sources of both thermal and non-thermal radiation, and are effective cosmic ray accelerators. We present the 3D magnetohydrodynamic modelling of the plasma flows in a young compact cluster at the evolutionary stage comprising multiple interacting supersonic winds of massive OB and WR stars. The modelling allows studying the partitioning of the mechanical energy injected by the winds between the bulk motions, thermal heating, and magnetic fields. Cluster-scale magnetic fields reaching the magnitudes of ∼300 $\mu$G show the filamentary structures spreading throughout the cluster core. The filaments with the high magnetic fields are produced by the Axford–Cranfill-type effect in the downstream of the wind termination shocks, which is amplified by a compression of the fields with the hot plasma thermal pressure in the central part of the cluster core. The hot (∼a few keV) plasma is heated at the termination shocks of the stellar winds and compressed in the colliding post-shock flows. We also discuss a possible role of the thermal conduction effects on the plasma flow, and analyse temperature maps in the cluster core and the diffuse thermal X-ray emission spectra. The presence of high cluster-scale magnetic fields supports the possibility of high-energy cosmic ray acceleration in clusters at the given evolutionary stage.
RRab variables with identical light-curve shapes at different pulsation periods
Authors: Jurcsik Johanna , Juhász Áron 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report on the detection of RRab stars with quasi-identical-shape light curves but period differences as large as 0.05–0.21 d using the Galactic bulge data of the OGLE-IV survey. We have examined stars with shorter periods than the Oosterhoff I ridge of the bulge. These stars generally have smaller amplitudes and larger Fourier phase-differences than the typical bulge RRab stars have at the same period. Many of these ‘anomalous’ stars have good-quality light curves without any sign of the Blazhko modulation. Examining their Fourier parameters revealed that several of these stars show very similar light curve to the typical bulge RR Lyrae. We found hundreds of quasi-identical-shape light-curve pairs with different periods between the ‘anomalous’- and the ‘normal’-position RRab stars based on the OGLE I-band data. The OGLE V-band, and the archive VVV and MACHO surveys Ks-, b- and r-band data of these stars were also checked for light-curve-shape similarity. Finally, 149 pairs with identical-shape light curves in each available photometric band were identified. Calculating the physical properties of the variables using empirical formulae, on average, −0.5 dex, −0.13 mag, 0.67, and 165 K differences between the [Fe/H], MV, R/R⊙, and Teff values of the members of the pairs are derived, being the short-period stars less metal-poor, fainter, smaller, and hotter than the long-period variables. To explain the existence of variables with different physical properties and pulsation periods but with identical-shape light curves is a challenging task for modelling.
Investigation of and Strategies to Control the Final Cluster of the 2018–2020 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Keita Mory , Polonsky Jonathan , Finci Iris , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide , Ilumbulumbu Michel Kalongo , Dakissaga Adama , Ngwama John Kombe , Tosalisana Michel Kasereka , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Gueye Abdou Salam , Dagron Stephanie , Keiser Olivia , Fall Ibrahima Soce 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
On April 10, 2020, while the independent committee of the International Health Regulation was meeting to decide whether the 10th Ebola outbreak in the Demogratic Republic of Congo still constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, a new confirmed case was reported in the city of Beni, the last epicenter of the epidemic. This study aimed to understand the source of this cluster and learn from the implemented control strategies for improved response in the future.

Methods
We conducted a combined epidemiological and genomic investigation to understand the origins and dynamics of transmission within this cluster and describe the strategy that successfully controlled the outbreak.

Results
Eight cases were identified as belonging to this final cluster. A total of 1028 contacts were identified. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that all cases belonged to the same cluster, the closest sequence to which was identified as a case from the Beni area with symptom onset in July 2019 and a difference of just 31 nucleotides. Outbreak control measures included community confinement of high-risk contacts.

Conclusions
This study illustrates the high risk of additional flare-ups in the period leading to the end-of-outbreak declaration and the importance of maintaining enhanced surveillance and confinement activities to rapidly control Ebola outbreaks.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Sapanisertib ± TAK-117 vs. Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After VEGF-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Choueiri Toni K , Porta Camillo , Suárez Cristina , Hainsworth John , Voog Eric , Duran Ignacio , Reeves James , Czaykowski Piotr , Castellano Daniel , Chen Jingjing , Sedarati Farhad , Powles Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Sapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, may offer more complete inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway than mTORC1 inhibitors, such as everolimus. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-agent sapanisertib and sapanisertib plus the PI3Kα inhibitor TAK-117, vs. everolimus in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that had progressed on or after VEGF-targeted therapy.

Materials and Methods
Patients with histologically confirmed, advanced ccRCC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive single-agent everolimus 10 mg once daily, single-agent sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly, or sapanisertib 4 mg plus TAK-117 200 mg, both once daily for 3 days/week, in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Ninety-five patients were treated with everolimus or sapanisertib (n = 32 each), or sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (n = 31). There were no significant differences in PFS among the 3 groups or across any subgroups. Median PFS was 3.8 months with everolimus vs. 3.6 months with sapanisertib (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.75-2.36), and 3.1 months with sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.75-2.52). No significant differences in overall survival were seen among groups. Overall response rate was 16.7%, 0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events were 15.6%, 28.1%, and 29.0%.

Conclusion
Sapanisertib with or without TAK-117 was less tolerable and did not improve efficacy vs. everolimus in patients with advanced ccRCC who had relapsed after or were refractory to VEGF-targeted therapies. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition may not be an effective therapeutic approach for these patients.
Designing Objects and Spaces
Authors: Williamson Bess 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Design is a little-examined but significant factor in the history of disability, particularly in the context of the modern West. Both designers and users contributed to a history of design that sometimes ignored and sometimes addressed disability. For many modernist designers, the ideal of a “standard” or predictable body was key to a vision of an efficient industrial society, creating a world of objects and spaces that excluded or ignored disabled people. Nonetheless, people with disabilities engaged with design culture in distinctive ways, using and adapting mainstream designs to their own use. In the late twentieth century, the design world took up new goals of improving access, raising new questions about the intentions of designers and the role of users.
Organized Labor and Disability in Post–World War II United States
Authors: Jennings Audra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concern for health and safety, along with the desire for higher wages and shorter workdays, inspired and shaped the organized labor movement in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The risks of work-related illness and disability were of grave importance to working people and the unions they formed to represent their interests. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the organized labor movement sought to minimize disability by making workplaces safer and working-class people’s living conditions better. Still, the movement understood disability as a common experience in working people’s lives and thus advocated for disability rights and policies to support disabled citizens’ access to health care, financial security, educational and economic opportunities, and public spaces. The organized labor movement was also an important site of disability activism, as unionized disabled workers pushed for disability rights.
Madness, Transnationalism, and Emotions in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century New Zealand
Authors: McCarthy Angela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As is evident in studies of medical thought, publications, personnel, and legislation, transnationalism has been little utilized to examine the migration histories of patients and their ties to “home.” Historians of the asylum instead focus on connections in patients’ new homelands. Likewise, scholars have largely overlooked the emotional lives of patients, which is surprising in light of various emotions said to cause patient confinement. It is therefore important to examine the existence (and absence) of emotional connections between relatives who were separated by oceans and the actions and emotional language that patients, their families, and medical doctors deployed for purposes of reassurance, material support, and negotiation of return migration. Overall, despite individual experiences of emotions, emotional life within and beyond the asylum took place in a broad social context and involved diverse historical actors.
Disability, Race, and Gender on the Stage in Antebellum America
Authors: Barclay Jenifer L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antebellum Americans confronted anxieties about many issues, such as industrialization, immigration, and urbanization, that found expression in blackface minstrelsy and freak shows. In these performances, racial fears, gender worries, and the insecurities of an emergent working class combined with the specter of disability to assuage the concerns of white, working-class audiences partly by reinforcing whiteness, masculinity, and nondisability as markers of citizenship. From the “laughable limp” of an elderly, enslaved groom who inspired Thomas “Daddy” Rice to craft his infamous Jim Crow character to displays of the supposedly 161-year-old disabled body of Joice Heth, minstrelsy and freak shows routinely conflated race, gender, and disability on the antebellum stage. This practice reached its pinnacle with Thomas “Japanese Tommy” Dilward, one of only two black men to perform in blackface before the Civil War.
Monstrous Births, Birth Defects, Unusual Anatomy, and Disability in Europe and North America
Authors: Reagan Leslie J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“Monstrous births,” anomalous newborn bodies, or stillbirths, have produced public and scientific reactions of fear and excited voyeuristic interest from the early modern period to the present in Europe and North America. During this time, the category of “monstrous births” expanded even if the term itself was replaced over time with “defectives,” “congenital malformations,” “birth defects,” and “disabilities.” Particular attention is given here to medicine, mothers of “monstrous births,” twentieth-century moments that brought birth defects to international attention (German measles and thalidomide), and gender. In addition, attention is given to the perspective of contemporary people whose sixteenth- and seventeenth-century predecessors (conjoined twins) were considered “monstrous births” and whose bodies are still preserved in museums.
The Rise of Gay Rights and the Disavowal of Disability in the United States
Authors: Kunzel Regina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Homosexuality has a complex history of entwinement with disability, marked most notably by its long-standing designation as a form of mental illness. That attribution was anticipated by nineteenth-century sexologists and promoted by mid-twentieth-century psychiatrists. In the years that followed, gay and lesbian activists worked to distance themselves from that stigmatizing association, successfully lobbying to remove “homosexuality” from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1973. Revisited here is the history of the gay liberationist battle against the psychiatric establishment as viewed through the analytical lenses offered by critical disability studies and disability history. Also tracked are the exclusionary and stigmatizing effects of the insistence on homosexuality as “healthy.”
Disabled Veterans and the Wounds of War
Authors: Gerber David A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
War is an abiding cause of death, disability, and disease. Disabled and chronically ill veterans of military conflict, as well as civilian victims of wars, have been neglected, both in popular memories and in academic research. But as long as people find disabled veterans convenient symbols of patriotism and sacrifice, they will continue to be a special project of the state, with a unique status separate from nondisabled and disabled civilians. Though there is still no synthesis of the history of disabled veterans, the outlines of one have been taking shape, emphasizing (1) the evolving nature of injuries to bodies and minds in the contexts of warfare, weaponry, and military medicine; (2) military citizenship; (3) identity; and (4) cultural representations.