bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of industrial electroplating wastewater for metals removal via electrocoagulation continous flow reactors
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hussein I. , Morsy Rehan M. M. , Hewehy Mahmoud A. I. , Razek Taha M. A. , Hamid Maamoun M. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA real industrial electroplating rinsing wastewater was collected and subjected to physical and chemical examination. The study showed that it can be categorized as high strength wastewater, at pH- 2, COD 1430 mg/l, and high level of metals above permissible limits, namely: 150, 30, 25, and 2.9 for Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe mg/l respectively. Therefore, metals must be adequately removed before discharging to avoid any hazardous impact on the environment. Similar synthetic wastewater was prepared to study the effect of chemical coagulation for the precipitation of metals. The optimum removal rate was achieved by using a combination of lime and ferric chloride at 100 and 30 mg/l respectively. The chemically treated electroplating wastewater was subjected to an electrocoagulation study. A comparison between iron and stainless-steel electrodes for the removal of metals was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of different electric voltages, and contact time on metals removal efficiency were also examined. It was found that the optimum removal capacity was achieved when a stainless steel electrode was employed in the presence of ferric chloride as coagulant, at 10 volts, 30 min. contact time, and pH 9 for synthetic solution. In a batch treatment system, the real industrial wastewater was treated at the predetermined optimum operating conditions; the removal of metals was 92.1%, 87.8% and 82.9% for Ni. Zn, and Cu respectively. By employing a continuous flow reactor for the treatment of the same real wastewater and under the same operating conditions, metals removal rate increased to 98.9%, 97.4% and 96.6% for Ni. Zn, and Cu respectively. The level of metals in the final treated wastewater copes with Egyptian Environmental Regulation. The overall results confirmed that the electro-coagulation (EC) technology offers an effective alternative process in combination with the conventional chemical coagulation process for reaching high removal performance of toxic metals from the electroplating wastewater. The advantage of EC technique is achieving high treatment efficiency instead of expensive chemical reagents, high construction cost and/or other conventional processes. In addition, the final treated water can be reused for rinsing process in the electroplating industry and/or discharging without any environmental hazard effect. It is also recommended to employ solar energy instead of electricity to reduce cost of operation.
Applications of Lipid-based Nanocarriers for Parenteral Drug Delivery
Authors: Santonocito Debora , Puglia Carmelo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
This review describes the use of lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) for the parenteral
delivery of pharmaceutical actives. Firstly, the two generations of LNCs, namely
solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), are explained
in terms of preparation, characterization and stability. Although the use of LNCs through
parenteral administration has shown many benefits, their use is limited by opsonization,
an immune process that causes their short half-life (3-5 min). Therefore, many strategies
are discussed to realize “stealth” systems suitable for parenteral administration. The requirements
and applications of parenteral lipid nanoparticles are reviewed for the delivery
of natural compounds, synthetic drugs and genetic materials. Recently, the latter application
has been of remarkable interest due to the numerous benefits of mRNA
vaccines to fight the Covid-19 pandemic.
Association of Serum Malondialdehyde and C-reactive Protein Levels with
Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Abedini Atefeh , Kharazmi Amir Behnam , Kiani Arda , Barouti Shahriar , Mohammadi Shooka 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to oxidant/antioxidant
imbalance and systemic inflammation.

Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate associations of serum levels of C-reactive protein
(CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with the severity and exacerbations of COPD.

Methods:
A matched case-control study was performed among 200 COPD patients (100 cases and
100 controls) who were referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Cases were exacerbators
with equal to or greater than two ambulatory exacerbations or one hospitalization; controls
were non-exacerbators who had one/no ambulatory exacerbation during the preceding 12 months.
Blood samples were collected for CRP, MDA, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analysis.
In addition, spirometry, the COPD assessment test (CAT) score, the modified Medical Research
Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the BODEx index were applied.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of the patients was 65.31 (8.46) years. Those with exacerbations had
significantly lower FEV1 and higher CRP, MDA, ESR, BMI, BODEx index, CAT, and mMRC
scores compared to non-exacerbators. There were significant differences in CRP, MDA, ESR,
FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, BMI, BODEx index, mMRC, and CAT scores between the GOLD
group. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that higher levels of CRP (OR=0.61, p=0.023),
MDA (OR=0.28, p=0.001), ESR (OR=0.86, p=0.029), CAT score (OR=0.84, p=0.012), BODEx index
(OR=0.89, p <0.001), BMI (OR=0.42, p <0.001), and lower FEV1% (OR=0.77, p <0.001)
were independent risk factors for frequent exacerbations.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, elevated serum MDA and CRP levels in combination may serve as
prognostic indicators of the severity and exacerbation of COPD.
A Multi-professional Approach for Transition of Care at Discharge in
Hyperglycemic Inpatients with COVID-19: A Single Center Study
Authors: Castellano Elena , Gaviglio Donatella , Pellegrino Micaela , Gianotti Laura , Magro Giampaolo , Tassone Francesco , Baffoni Claudia , Sibbono Renza , Attanasio Roberto , Boriano Alberto , Borretta Giorgio 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The discharge from the hospital of insulin-treated hyperglycemic patients is always challenging. This is even more so in patients requiring glucocorticoid treatment, such as those with COVID-19.

Patients and Method:
A retrospective monocentric study of 23 inpatients was conducted with newly diagnosed or already known diabetes mellitus (DM) who were naïve to insulin treatment, and who were hospitalized with COVID-19 in non-critical settings and then discharged. Patients were followed up for one month after discharge for the management of insulin treatment by a multi-professional team through phone consultations.

Results:
Insulin prescriptions at discharge were 24.6 ± 14 U/day injected in 2 ± 1.5 daily shots. A mean of three phone consultations was required. One month later, the mean insulin reduction was 1.5 ± 1.3 shots and 6 ± 5 U/day. All patients reached their glycemic target without hypoglycemic events, drop-outs, or readmissions.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a multi-professional approach through telemedicine for managing DM patients after discharge during COVID-19.
Identification of a PROM1 mutation in a Spanish family with inherited retinal dystrophies
Authors: Llavero-Valero Pilar , Morillo-Sánchez María José , Bravo-Gil Nereida , Jiménez Manuel Ramos , Ponte-Zuñiga Beatriz , López-Domínguez Mireia , Antiñolo Guillermo , Rodríguez de la Rúa-Franch Enrique 
Published: January 2022

Background:
We report a Spanish family, comprising an affected mother and daughter, respectively diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt-like macular dystrophy, in whom we identified a PROM1 mutation.

Methods:
A custom gene panel consisting of 119 inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD)-genes was applied in the two affected individuals of this family and sequenced using the Illumina´s NextSeq500 platform.

Results:
The analysis of the resulting data allowed us to identify the pathogenic PROM1 mutation c.1117C>T (p.Arg373Cys) as the primary cause of the disease in both patients. No additional variants contributing to the extent of retinal dysfunction were detected.

Conclusion:
The variable expressivity of the detected PROM1 mutation is the most likely responsible for the intrafamilial phenotypic variability observed in this family. Screening of this mutation should be considered in patients with compatible clinical manifestations, especially when accompanied by an autosomal dominant family history.
Necrotizing Anterior Scleritis in a Woman with Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration: A Case Report
Authors: Fonseca-Mora María Alejandra , Muñoz-Vargas Paula Tatiana , Reyes-Guanes Juliana , Rojas-Carabali William , Cuevas Miguel , de-la-Torre Alejandra 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to report the first case of a patient with Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration (TMD) who developed necrotizing anterior scleritis without systemic disease association, requiring systemic immunosuppressive treatment.

Case Report:
A 32-year-old female consulted for bilateral ocular burning and hyperemia. Initially, she was diagnosed with conjunctivitis and treated with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids, with mild transitory improvement but the progression of the disease. Years later, she attended the ocular immunology consultation for a second opinion where TMD with ocular inflammatory component OU was diagnosed. Seven months later, she presented with severe pain, decreased visual acuity, and photophobia in OS. At the slit-lamp examination, necrotizing anterior scleritis with a high risk of perforation in OS was observed. The patient was referred to the rheumatologist and started treatment with systemic corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, exhibiting a clinical improvement. The patient did not meet the criteria for any systemic illness associated with scleritis, such as autoimmune diseases or vasculitis. Thus, scleritis was related to the adjacent inflammatory process associated with TMD, as an atypical presentation of this disease.

Conclusion:
Although an inflammatory type of TMD has been proposed, it is essential to follow up closely these patients and consider necrotizing anterior scleritis, a severe ocular disease that requires prompt immunosuppressive management, as a possible atypical associated presentation of this disease.
Assessment of Nutraceutical Potential of Herbs for Promoting Hair Growth: Formulation Considerations of Herbal Hair Oil
Authors: Tiwari Gaurav , Tiwari Ruchi 
Published: January 2022

Background:Hair loss is a relatively common occurrence that causes concern in people of all ages. In most cases, hair loss is permanent, but it can lead to alopecia. Hair root activation is necessary to improve hair development and prevent hair loss. Herbal cosmetics are increasingly widely used by the general public due to the concept of fewer adverse effects and a higher level of safety and security.Objective:The primary goal of this study is to prepare and evaluate herbal hair oil made from fresh components of various plants.Methods:Herbs were acquired from Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology's medicinal garden. Herbs were collected, dried, then ground in a mortar and pestle. Grinded herbs (Murraya koenigii, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum) were combined with 60% Cocos nucifera oil, heated, cooled, and filtered. Physical appearance, viscosity, pH, sensitivity test, hair growth activity, hair weight, antimicrobial test, stability test, and other criteria were determined and are reported in this text for the created herbal hair oil.Results:Herbal hair oil was odourless and reddish brown in appearance. Herbal hair oil had an appropriate refractive index, pH, saponification value, and specific gravity. After application, the herbal oil demonstrated Newtonian flow, as well as good hair growth and weight, with no irritation. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of ascorbic acid, sulphur and saponins. The formulation was found to be stable for 30 days.Conclusion:Conclusively, combination of effective herbs could be used to improve hair growth.
Semi and Nonparametric Conditional Probability Density, a Case Study of Pedestrian Crashes
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Kernel-based methods have gained popularity as employed model residual’s distribution might not be defined by any classical parametric distribution. Kernel-based method has been extended to estimate conditional densities instead of conditional distributions when data incorporate both discrete and continuous attributes. The method often has been based on smoothing parameters to use optimal values for various attributes. Thus, in case of an explanatory variable being independent of the dependent variable, that attribute would be dropped in the nonparametric method by assigning a large smoothing parameter, giving them uniform distributions so their variances to the model’s variance would be minimal.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to identify factors to the severity of pedestrian crashes based on an unbiased method. Especially, this study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of kernel-based techniques of semi- and nonparametric methods on the crash dataset by means of confusion techniques.

Methods:
In this study, two non- and semi-parametric kernel-based methods were implemented to model the severity of pedestrian crashes. The estimation of the semi-parametric densities is based on the adoptive local smoothing and maximization of the quasi-likelihood function, which is similar somehow to the likelihood of the binary logit model. On the other hand, the nonparametric method is based on the selection of optimal smoothing parameters in estimation of the conditional probability density function to minimize mean integrated squared error (MISE). The performances of those models are evaluated by their prediction power. To have a benchmark for comparison, the standard logistic regression was also employed. Although those methods have been employed in other fields, this is one of the earliest studies that employed those techniques in the context of traffic safety.

Results:
The results highlighted that the nonparametric kernel-based method outperforms the semi-parametric (single-index model) and the standard logit model based on the confusion matrices. To have a vision about the bandwidth selection method for removal of the irrelevant attributes in nonparametric approach, we added some noisy predictors to the models and a comparison was made. Extensive discussion has been made in the content of this study regarding the methodological approach of the models.

Conclusion:

To summarize, alcohol and drug involvement, driving on non-level grade, and bad lighting conditions are some of the factors that increase the likelihood of pedestrian crash severity. This is one of the earliest studies that implemented the methods in the context of transportation problems. The nonparametric method is especially recommended to be used in the field of traffic safety when there are uncertainties regarding the importance of predictors as the technique would automatically drop unimportant predictors.
derivative on the value relevance through tax avoidance and earnings control
Authors: Suhendra Suhendra , Murwaningsari Etty , Mayangsari Sekar 
Published: January 2022

This investigation expects to inspect and analyze the effect of derivative transactions on earnings management, the role of corporate tax avoidance in moderating effect of derivative transactions on earnings management, the effect of earnings management worth pertinence of earnings, and the effect of derivative transactions Worth Pertinence of earnings. This examination utilizes information from non-monetary organizations in Indonesia and Thailand for the period 2013-2017 with 91 test of organizations. This investigation, earnings management is calculated based on the Jaggi model and the Jaggi changed model. The value relevance of earnings is calculated based on Ohlson's model. Corporate tax avoidance is calculated based on the book tax difference. The results show that subordinate exchanges have a constructive outcome on earnings management. Corporate tax avoidance has not been proven to strengthen the effect of derivative transactions on earnings management. Earnings management adversely influences the worth pertinence of earnings. Derivative transactions negatively affect the value relevance of earnings. Derivative transactions, especially those with non-hedging criteria, show a high tendency towards earnings management activities. Intercountry testing, derivative transactions have a positive effect on earnings management in Indonesia while in Thailand it does not.
Peran work-family conflict terhadap organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan PT. X
Authors: Sudrajad Rr. Ratih Purnami , Hudaniah Hudaniah 
Published: January 2022

Organizational citizenship behavior is a worker’s behavior that exceeds their role and can benefit the company. In generating OCB, sometimes employees experience various obstacles, one of which is work-family conflict. WFC is a situation where employees have conflicts in carrying out their roles to complete their work with their roles in the family. This study aims to determine the effect of WFC on the emergence of employee OCB. The importance of this research is that the company can pay more attention to its employees in reducing role conflict, and is expected to increase employee OCB. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The research subjects were 171 people consisting of permanent employees and they were married. The data collection method used a work-family conflict scale that had been compiled by Carlson et al. and an organizational citizenship behavior scale that had been compiled by Smith et al. A simple regression analysis test with IBM Statistic 25 program showed a significant and negative influence between WFC on employee OCB. Work-family conflict itself contributes an effective contribution of 17.1% to employees’ organizational citizenship behavior.

Keywords: Employees, organizational citizenship behavior, work-family conflict
Identification of Re-Interpreting Traditional Javanese Architecture for Design Concepts of Balai RW 7 Dusun Genting, Kelurahan Merjosari, Malang City
Authors: Hamka  , Harjanto Suryo Tri , Widyarthara Adhi 
Published: January 2022

The identification of traditional architectural elements in the design plan of Balai RW 7 tries to apply a study of reinterpretation of traditional architecture in order, to know the architectural elements that can be applied to the design concept. The purpose of this study is to find architectural elements of Javanese houses that can be used as the basis for transformation in the contemporary design of Balai RW 7. This study was written using a qualitative descriptive analysis method to analyze data compiled from literature sources in national journals that discuss elements of traditional Javanese architecture. The elements of traditional Javanese architecture are then reinterpreted descriptively based on the functions and facilities contained in the Balai RW plan. The results found elements of Javanese architecture that could be applied to the design concept, namely the display focused on the transformation of the 5 typologies of the roof of the Javanese house, the spatial pattern adapted to the functions and facilities of the Balai RW, the transformation of ornamentation of flora, fauna, nature, and belief, the orientation is directed to face north or south but still adapts to the existing conditions of the site and the environment, some materials use more modern substitute materials, as well as the transformation of the roof construction of empyak raguman and the construction of umpak, soko guru and tumpang sari in the receiving area with materials using several substitute materials.
Combined orthodontic and surgical open bite correction:
Authors: Arnett G. William , Trevisiol Lorenzo , Grendene Elisabetta , McLaughlin Richard P. , D'Agostino Antonio 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To examine the stability of combined surgical and orthodontic bite correction with emphasis on open-bite closure. All study patients were treated with strict and consistent orthodontic and surgical protocols.

Materials and Methods:
Study inclusion required all patients to have anterior open bites, maxillary accentuated curve of Spee, 36-month minimum follow-up, and no temporomandibular joint pathology. Thirty patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Importantly, segmental upper arch orthodontic preparation (performed by EG) was used. Surgery consisted of a multisegment Le Fort I (MSLFI) combined with a bilateral sagittal osteotomies (BSSO). Surgery was performed (by ADA and LT) at the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Verona, Italy.

Results:
The long-term open bite and overjet relapse were not statistically significant. The mean transverse relapse of the upper and lower molars was statistically significant. Of great importance, the upper and lower arch widths narrowed together, maintaining intercuspation of the posterior dentition which prevented anterior open bites from developing.

Conclusions:
This study revealed stability of three-dimensional occlusal correction including anterior open bite. Stable open bite closure was achieved by using rigid protocols for orthodontic preparation, surgical techniques, surgical follow-up, and orthodontic finishing.
Estimating the Effect of Liver and Pancreas Volume and Fat Content on Risk of Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Martin Susan , Sorokin Elena P. , Thomas E. Louise , Sattar Naveed , Cule Madeleine , Bell Jimmy D. , Yaghootkar Hanieh 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Fat content and volume of liver and pancreas are associated with risk of diabetes in observational studies; whether these associations are causal is unknown. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine causality of such associations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used genetic variants associated (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) with the exposures (liver and pancreas volume and fat content) using MRI scans of UK Biobank participants (n = 32,859). We obtained summary-level data for risk of type 1 (9,358 cases) and type 2 (55,005 cases) diabetes from the largest available genome-wide association studies. We performed inverse-variance weighted MR as main analysis and several sensitivity analyses to assess pleiotropy and to exclude variants with potential pleiotropic effects.

RESULTS
Observationally, liver fat and volume were associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio per 1 SD higher exposure 2.16 [2.02, 2.31] and 2.11 [1.96, 2.27], respectively). Pancreatic fat was associated with type 2 diabetes (1.42 [1.34, 1.51]) but not type 1 diabetes, and pancreas volume was negatively associated with type 1 diabetes (0.42 [0.36, 0.48]) and type 2 diabetes (0.73 [0.68, 0.78]). MR analysis provided evidence only for a causal role of liver fat and pancreas volume in risk of type 2 diabetes (1.27 [1.08, 1.49] or 27% increased risk and 0.76 [0.62, 0.94] or 24% decreased risk per 1SD, respectively) and no causal associations with type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings assist in understanding the causal role of ectopic fat in the liver and pancreas and of organ volume in the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.