bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesarean versus vaginal delivery for breech presentation is an independent risk factor for long‐term pediatric respiratory hospitalization of the offspring
Authors: Davidesko Sharon , Glusman Bendersky Ahinoam , Levy Amalia , Pariente Gali , Landau Daniella , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long‐term respiratory morbidity of offspring born by cesarean delivery for breech presentation with that of those delivered vaginally.MethodsA population‐based cohort analysis including all singleton breech deliveries between the years 1991 and 2014, comparing long‐term respiratory morbidity of offspring born in breech presentation, according to mode of delivery. Offspring with congenital malformations, perinatal deaths, and instrumental deliveries were excluded. Respiratory morbidity included hospitalizations (up to age 18 years), as recorded in hospital records. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve compared cumulative respiratory morbidity. A Weibull parametric survival model controlled for confounders and repeat deliveries.ResultsA total of 7337 breech deliveries were included; 6376 (86.9%) cesarean deliveries and 961 (13.1%) vaginal breech deliveries. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve demonstrated higher cumulative incidence of respiratory morbidity in the cesarean delivery group compared with vaginal delivery (log rank test P = 0.006). Using a Weibull parametric survival model to control for confounders, cesarean delivery was found to be an independent risk factor for long‐term respiratory morbidity of the offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.32–2.65, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCesarean versus vaginal delivery for breech presentation is an independent risk factor for long‐term pediatric respiratory morbidity of the offspring.
The impact of long‐term aging in artificial saliva media on resin‐based dental composite strength
Authors: Mondal Karabi , O'Brien Evan P. , Rockne Karl J. , Drummond James L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough salivary liquid can degrade constituents in resin‐based dental composites in short‐term incubations, there is a knowledge gap on how longer‐term aging impacts their bulk strength. We address this through extended aging studies with resin‐based dental composites in different environments. Two commercial composites (FIL and AEL) were aged aseptically at 37°C in air (A, control), artificial saliva (AS), and esterase enzyme amended AS (EAS). Diametral and pushout strength were measured after periods of 120–180 days. At 120 days, the diametral strength of composites aged in air was 69.9 ± 11.0 and 57.7 ± 3.31 MPa in FIL and AEL, respectively. These were significantly greater compared to composites aged in AS (32.1 ± 7.01 and 46.2 ± 9.38 MPa in FIL and AEL, respectively) or EAS (36.7 ± 8.49 and 43.5 ± 5.51 MPa in FIL and AEL, respectively). In contrast, pushout strength for both composites were smaller in A compared to those aged in AS and EAS, results attributed to AS absorption and polymer expansion. No significant change in either diametral or pushout strength occurred after 120 days. There was no significant difference between aging in AS and EAS, suggesting that esterase did not significantly decrease the bulk material strength to a greater extent than AS under the test conditions. Aqueous diffusivities for the composites ranged from 8.4 to 11 × 10−13 m2/s, with associated porosities ranging from 0.06% to 0.10%. These results indicate that saturation of a typical dental composite occurs over a time frame of 4–5 months, longer than typical aging studies. Together, the results demonstrate the importance of aging time on composite strength.
The impact of senescence on muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Huang Ying , Wang Bin , Hassounah Faten , Price S. Russ , Klein Janet , Mohamed Tamer M.A. , Wang Yanhua , Park Jeanie , Cai Hui , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Xiaonan H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is associated with higher mortality. Although the mechanisms of myofibre loss in CKD has been widely studied, the contribution of muscle precursor cell (MPC) senescence remains poorly understood. Senescent MPCs no longer proliferate and can produce proinflammatory factors or cytokines. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of MPCs contributes to CKD‐induced muscle atrophy and weakness.MethodsCKD was induced in mice by 5/6th nephrectomy. Kidney function, muscle size, and function were measured, and markers of atrophy, inflammation, and senescence were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, or qPCR. To study the impact of senescence, a senolytics cocktail of dasatinib + quercetin (D&Q) was given orally to mice for 8 weeks. To investigate CKD‐induced senescence at the cellular level, primary MPCs were incubated with serum from CKD or control subjects. The roles of specific proteins in MPC senescence were studied using adenoviral transduction, siRNA, and plasmid transfection.ResultsIn the hindlimb muscles of CKD mice, (i) the senescence biomarker SA‐β‐gal was sharply increased (~30‐fold); (ii) the DNA damage response marker γ‐H2AX was increased 1.9‐fold; and (iii) the senescence pathway markers p21 and p16INK4a were increased 1.99‐fold and 2.82‐fold, respectively (all values, P < 0.05), whereas p53 was unchanged. γ‐H2AX, p21, and p16INK4A were negatively correlated at P < 0.05 with gastrocnemius weight, suggesting a causal relationship with muscle atrophy. Administration of the senolytics cocktail to CKD mice for 8 weeks eliminated the disease‐related elevation of p21, p16INK4a, and γ‐H2AX, abolished positive SA‐β‐gal, and depressed the high levels of the SASP cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IFN (all values, P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle weight, myofibre cross‐sectional area, and grip function were improved in CKD mice receiving D&Q. Markers of protein degradation, inflammation, and MPCs dysfunction were also attenuated by D&Q treatment compared with the vehicle treatment in 5/6th nephrectomy mice (all values, P < 0.05). Uraemic serum induced senescence in cultured MPCs. Overexpression of FoxO1a in MPCs increased the number of p21+ senescent cells, and p21 siRNA prevented uraemic serum‐induced senescence (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSenescent MPCs are likely to contribute to the development of muscle wasting during CKD by producing inflammatory cytokines. Limiting senescence with senolytics ameliorated muscle wasting and improved muscle strength in vivo and restored cultured MPC functions. These results suggest potential new therapeutic targets to improve muscle health and function in CKD.
Spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma in a pure palliative care setting
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Yamamoto Chikara , Tajitsu Takeya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report a case of spontaneous remission of hepatocellular carcinoma in an 84‐year‐old woman who was managed in our best supportive care clinic. The tumor, once relapsed regardless of the application of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation, regressed spontaneously within 4 months. The presence of an occlusive thrombus in the portal vein feeding to the site of the tumor suggests that the reduced blood supply might have caused tumor necrosis. Furthermore, the successful eradication of hepatitis C virus maintained performance status, and good nutrition might play other roles on it.
Cognitive function and delirium following sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia for valve replacement surgery: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duan Guang‐You , Duan Zhen‐Xin , Chen Hong , Chen Feng , Chen Fang , Du Zhi‐Yong , Chen Li‐Yong , Lu Kai‐Zhi , Zuo Zhi‐Yi , Li Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCognitive dysfunction is a common postoperative neurological complication in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane versus propofol‐based total intravenous anesthesia on the incidence of cognitive dysfunction following valve replacement surgery. This multicenter, randomized, controlled double‐blinded study was conducted in three teaching hospitals in China. Patients receiving on‐pump valve replacement surgery were enrolled. Stratified block randomization was used to randomly assign patients 1:1 to receive sevoflurane (1.0–1.5 MAC) or propofol (2.0–3.0 mg/kg/h) for anesthesia maintenance. The primary outcome was the incidence of cognitive dysfunction assessed by four cognitive tests before, as well as 7–14 days after surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 144) or propofol‐based total intravenous anesthesia (n = 145). The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the sevoflurane anesthesia group (31.9%) was significantly lower than that in the total intravenous anesthesia group (43.4%; relative risk 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–0.97, p = 0.044). There was no difference in the incidence of delirium between patients receiving sevoflurane and total intravenous anesthesia (27.8% [35/144] vs. 25.9% [35/145], 1.10, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.90, p = 0.736). There was a significant difference in the Katz Index on day 3 after surgery (3 [0.9) vs. 3 (1.0], 0.095, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.43, p = 0.012). No difference was observed in other outcomes between the two groups. For patients undergoing on‐pump valve replacement surgery, sevoflurane anesthesia had a smaller effect on cognitive function and independence in daily life activities compared with propofol anesthesia.
Polysaccharides for Medical Technology: Properties and Applications
Authors: Sukhavattanakul Pongpat , Pisitsak Penwisa , Ummartyotin Sarute , Narain Ravin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, the use of polysaccharides has gained tremendous attention in the field of medical technology. They have been applied in various sectors such as tissue engineering, drug delivery system, face mask, and bio‐sensing. This review article provides an overview and background of polysaccharides for biomedical uses. Different types of polysaccharides, for example, cellulose and its derivatives, chitin and chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and pectin are presented. They are fabricated in various forms such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, membranes, and as porous mediums. Successful development and improvement of polysaccharide‐based materials will effectively help users to enhance their quality of personal health, decrease cost, and eventually increase the quality of life with respect to sustainability.
Mediterranean Diet, Energy Restriction, Physical Activity, and Atherogenicity of Very‐Low Density Lipoproteins: Findings from Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pérez‐Vega Karla Alejandra , Castañer Olga , Sanllorente Albert , Lassale Camille , Ros Emilio , Pintó Xavier , Estruch Ramón , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Alonso‐Gómez Ángel M. , Serra‐Majem Lluis , Razquin Cristina , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Gómez‐Gracia Enrique , Tinahones Francisco J. , Hernáez Álvaro , Fitó Montserrat 
Published: November 2022

ScopeSome very‐low density lipoprotein (VLDL) properties may render them more pro‐atherogenic. We aimed to assess whether a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) or an energy‐reduced MedDiet with increased physical activity improves them.Methods and resultsIn a sample of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study, a 1‐year intervention with MedDiet with extra‐virgin olive oil (n = 89) or nuts (MedDiet‐Nuts; n = 79) is compared with a low‐fat diet (n = 90). In the PREDIMED‐Plus study, a 1‐year intervention with energy‐reduced MedDiet and physical activity (n = 103) is compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (n = 101). VLDL levels of apolipoprotein C‐I, C‐III, triglycerides, and cholesterol; the apolipoprotein E‐/C‐I ratio; and VLDL ex‐vivo triglyceride transfer are measured. In PREDIMED participants in both MedDiet groups combined, VLDL apolipoprotein C‐III levels are nominally reduced (−0.023 SD units, 95% CI −0.44 to −0.014, p = 0.037). VLDL triglyceride transfer is nominally increased in the MedDiet‐Nuts group (+0.39 SD units, 95% CI 0.012–0.78, p = 0.045). In PREDIMED‐Plus, no inter‐group differences are detected.ConclusionsIn older adults at high cardiovascular risk, MedDiet is associated with lower VLDL atherogenicity versus a low‐fat diet. No differences are seen after an energy‐reduced MedDiet with physical activity.
Rapid whole‐brain myelin imaging with selective inversion recovery and compressed SENSE
Authors: Wang Ping , Sisco Nicholas , Yoo Wonsuk , Borazanci Aimee , Karis John , Dortch Richard 
Published: November 2022

PurposeQuantitative magnetization transfer (QMT) using selective inversion recovery (SIR) can quantify the macromolecular‐to‐free proton pool size ratio (PSR), which has been shown to relate closely with myelin content. Currently clinical applications of SIR have been hampered by long scan times. In this work, the acceleration of SIR‐QMT using CS‐SENSE (compressed sensing SENSE) was systematically studied.Theory and MethodsPhantoms of varied concentrations of bovine serum albumin and human scans were first conducted to evaluate the SNR, precision of SIR‐QMT parameters, and scan time. Based on these results, an optimized CS‐SENSE factor of 8 was determined and the test–retest repeatability was further investigated.ResultsA whole‐brain SIR imaging of 6 min can be achieved. Bland–Altman analyses indicated excellent agreement between the test and retest sessions with a difference in mean PSR of 0.06% (and a difference in mean R1f of −0.001 s−1). In addition, the assessment of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed high reliability in nearly all the white matter and gray matter regions. In white matter regions, the ICC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.96, p < 0.001) for PSR, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83–0.94, p < 0.001) for R1f. In gray matter, ICC was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–0.93, p < 0.001) in PSR, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99, p < 0.001) for R1f. The method also showed excellent capability to detect focal lesions in multiple sclerosis.ConclusionRapid, reliable, and sensitive whole‐brain SIR imaging can be achieved using CS‐SENSE, which is expected to significantly promote widespread clinical translation.
Big Catch, Undecided Risks: Perspectives of Risk, Reward, and Trade-Offs in Alaska's Salmon Enhancement Program
Authors: Harrison Hannah L. , Gould Julie Grønsleth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Alaska's salmon enhancement program plays an important and substantial role in commercial fishing harvests situated around the Gulf of Alaska, Prince William Sound, and Southeast Alaska. In recent years, discussions about the ecological impacts of the enhancement program have emerged in the media, the Alaska Board of Fisheries, and other public discourses. These discussions have illuminated tension within Alaskan society about the role and impacts of hatcheries in fisheries and coastal communities. This study uses qualitative methods to identify key themes that underlie those tensions within Alaska Board of Fisheries public comments and private discourses. We found that issues raised in public comment formats were limited to four key themes, whereas interviews revealed those same themes as well as a broader and more nuanced cross section of themes, both critical and complimentary of the enhancement program. We discuss these themes within the context of enhancement policy and ongoing research into wild–hatchery salmon interactions, both of which pose certain constraints about how trade-offs between social, ecological, and economic valuation of the enhancement program can be made. We suggest a road map of four steps for action to help avoid potential societal conflict in the future: (1) establish a process to incorporate socio-cultural dimensions of hatcheries and stocking into enhancement program decision making; (2) better define “adverse impacts” within enhancement policy; (3) link current and future research findings to decision-making processes and policy implications; and (4) plan for the future(s) through scenario development work aimed at identifying the ecological and societal impacts of different enhancement policy changes, such as drawing down, scaling up, or otherwise altering existing stocking practices.
Acute gastrointestinal failure is associated with worse hemodynamic and perfusion parameters over 48 h after admission in patients with septic shock: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Klanovicz Tamires M. , Franzosi Oellen S. , Nunes Diego S. L. , Loss Sergio H. , Batassini Érica , Turra Eduardo E. , Teixeira Cassiano , Vieira Silvia R. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) and hemodynamic and perfusion parameters in the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and evaluate the association of AGI with ICU and hospital outcomes in patients with septic shock undergoing mechanical ventilation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study applied the criteria proposed by the European Society of Intensive Medicine to classify the participants into risk/dysfunction group (AGI grade I and II) and failure group (AGI grade III and IV). Hemodynamic and perfusion parameters data previously collected in the first 48 h after ICU admission (admission, 12, 24, 48 h) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 163 were included and classified into AGI grades I (n = 79), II (n = 64), III (n = 20), and IV (none). Groups consisted of AGI risk/dysfunction (n = 143, 87.8%) and AGI failure (n = 20, 12.2%) patients. Patients with AGI failure had higher heart rate and mottling score (MS) at admission, lower mean arterial pressure, and an oliguria incidence at 12 h compared with those without AGI failure. Skin MS and abdominal primary site of infection were risk factors for AGI failure. AGI failure tended to be a risk factor for ICU mortality (risk ratio [95% CI]: 1.37 [0.99–1.89]; P = 0.053).ConclusionAGI was frequently observed in patients with septic shock in the first week of ICU admission. Higher heart rate and MS and lower mean arterial pressure and incidence of oliguria were identified in patients with AGI failure compared with those without. AGI failure was associated with ICU mortality.
Hourglassing‐ and locking‐free mesh distortion insensitive Petrov–Galerkin EAS element for large deformation solid mechanics
Authors: Pfefferkorn Robin , Betsch Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a novel geometrically nonlinear EAS element with several desirable features. First, a Petrov–Galerkin ansatz significantly improves the element's performance in distorted meshes without loosing the simple strain‐driven format. Second, the recently proposed mixed integration point strategy is employed to improve the element's robustness in the Newton–Raphson scheme. Finally and most importantly, we enhance the spatial displacement gradient instead of the usually modified deformation gradient. This allows to construct an element without the well‐known spurious instabilities in compression and tension as shown numerically and supported by a corresponding hypothesis. All in all, this leads to a robust, stable, locking‐free, and mesh distortion insensitive finite element successfully applied in a wide range of examples.
Performance checklist and its influence on knowledge and satisfaction of intensive care nurses: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Imanipour Masoomeh , Shahsavari Hooman , Hazaryan Mahsa , Mirzaeipour Farshid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using a performance checklist on knowledge and satisfaction of intensive care nurses.MethodThis study was a quasi‐experimental study and performed on 70 intensive care nurses in two groups. Performance checklists had to be filled by the nurses in experiment group during central venous pressure (CVP) measurement procedure. Knowledge and the nurses about standards of CVP measurement and their satisfaction were evaluated in both groups by a researcher‐made questionnaire. The data were analysed using the SPSS software.ResultsIn the experiment group, the level of knowledge significantly increased after the intervention (p = .001) and the majority of nurses (85.7%) had a high level of satisfaction. Also, there was a significant difference between mean knowledge scores of the two groups after the intervention (p = .006).ConclusionThis showed that applying performance checklists can influence nurses' knowledge and should consider a simple indirect educational method.
Assessing medical product safety during pregnancy using parameterizable tools in the sentinel distributed database
Authors: Lyons Jennifer G. , Suarez Elizabeth A. , Fazio‐Eynullayeva Elnara , Maro Judith C. , Corey Catherine , Li Jie , Toh Sengwee , Shinde Mayura U. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe US Food and Drug Administration established the Sentinel System to monitor the safety of medical products. A component of this system includes parameterizable analytic tools to identify mother‐infant pairs and evaluate infant outcomes to enable the routine monitoring of the utilization and safety of drugs used in pregnancy. We assessed the feasibility of using the data and tools in the Sentinel System by assessing a known association between topiramate use during pregnancy and oral clefts in the infant.MethodsWe identified mother‐infant pairs using the mother‐infant linkage table from six data partners contributing to the Sentinel Distributed Database from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2015. We compared mother‐infant pairs with first‐trimester exposure to topiramate to mother‐infant pairs that were topiramate‐unexposed or lamotrigine‐exposed and used a validated algorithm to identify oral clefts in the infant. We estimated adjusted risk ratios through propensity score stratification.ResultsThere were 2007 topiramate‐exposed and 1 066 086 unexposed mother‐infant pairs in the main comparison. In the active‐comparator analysis, there were 1996 topiramate‐exposed and 2859 lamotrigine‐exposed mother‐infant pairs. After propensity score stratification, the odds ratio for oral clefts was 2.92 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.93) comparing the topiramate‐exposed to unexposed groups and 2.72 (95% CI: 0.75, 9.93) comparing the topiramate‐exposed to lamotrigine‐exposed groups.ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of oral clefts after topiramate exposure in the first trimester in the Sentinel database. These results are similar to prior published observational study results and demonstrate the ability of Sentinel's data and analytic tools to assess medical product safety in cohorts of mother‐infant pairs in a timely manner.