bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic shape variation of quiescent galaxies from redshift 2.5 to 0.5
Authors: Chen Lijun , Zhang Hong-Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
According to the standard ‘inside-out' galaxy formation scenario, galaxies first form a dense core and then gradually assemble their outskirts. This implies that galaxies with similar central stellar mass densities might have evolutionary links. We use the UVJ color-color diagram to select quiescent galaxies in the redshift interval from 0.5 to 2.5, derive their central surface brightness using morphological parameters, and then estimate the central stellar mass surface densities based on mass-to-light ratios.Our galaxies are classified into different subsamples based on their central stellar mass densities, stellar mass, morphological type and redshift.We infer the intrinsic axis ratios $\mu_{B/A}$ and $\mu_{C/A}$ based on the apparent axis ratio $q$ distributions, where A, B, and C refers to, respectively, the major, intermediate and minor axis of a triaxial ellipsoid. We find that 1) massive quiescent galaxies have typical intrinsic shape similarly close to thick oblate structures, with $\mu_{B/A} \gtrsim 0.9$, regardless of stellar mass, redshift, or central stellar mass densities, and 2) galaxies at higher redshift are systematically thinner than their lower-redshift counterparts, and 3) when splitting the sample into early type and late type with Sersic indices, ETGs at higher redshift are slightly more prolate (smaller average $\mu_{B/A}$) than those at lower redshift. Minor mergers of galaxies may have played important roles in the structural evolution of quiescent galaxies.
Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Analyze Acceptance of a Transportation Policy in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Kim Gia Tuan , Van Hong Tan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful and versatile tool for studying policy acceptance, particularly when the subject involves complex, multivariate relationships. The key strengths of SEM lies in its ability to analyze both direct and indirect effects of multiple variables simultaneously, allowing researchers to assess how different factors - such as psychological perceptions or societal impacts - interact and contribute to policy support. The results in this applied study provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing both participation in and support for pedestrian streets in HCMC. We found that perceived traffic displacement and perceived effectiveness of organization emerge as key predictors of both participation and support, while accessibility primarily affects public agreement on implementation. These findings are consistent with other studies in urban planning, which emphasize the importance of effective management, traffic reduction, and accessible design in fostering successful pedestrian streets in HCMC.
Visualizing brain signals in mental calculation by using Electroencephalography Topographic Map Animation with Independent component analysis perspectives
Authors: Ngoc Nghiem Nguyen , Nguyen Cong Danh , Duc Toan Vo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cognitive Neuroscience is a scientific study area that examines biology processes and features that underlie cognition, focusing particularly on brain neural connections involved in mental processes. This research field discovers how the brain works when we perform a specific cognitive task such as doing school tests or brain games, from which experts can analyze and evaluate how they affect our brain. EEG signals are an essential tool in the mental process for detecting and monitoring the variations and patterns in the brain’s electrical activity. In this study, we aim to try to observe electrical activity through brain mapping animation of the brain using EEG signals recorded from participants while they performed mental calculations. The data involved thirty-six participants divided into good performers and poor performers based on their number of mental arithmetic tasks . We hypothesized that there would be changes in the distribution of EEG activity before and during performing cognitive activity in good and poor performers. The data were preprocessed, segmented into 2-second epochs, and decomposed into independent components (ICs) using ICA (independent component analysis). We used K-means clustering to obtain nine notable original brain signals based on clusters containing ICs from more than half of the subjects criteria. We applied spectral power to detect the change in theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), low beta (12-20 Hz), high beta (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-4 5Hz) in rest and task conditions. event-related spectral perturbation, or ERSP (event-related shifts in the spectral power) was employed to divide two groups. Topographic map animations were created from the 2-second epochs to visualize the changes in brain activity over time. We expect this approach will allow us to observe the evolution of electrical brain activity during mental calculation through saturation of colorbar, particularly in regions associated with cognitive and numerical processing. We also anticipate observing differences in brain dynamics between individuals with varying arithmetic abilities. This study has the potential to provide a novel tool for investigating brain dynamics during mental arithmetic and may have applications in assessing and improving effectiveness of cognitive activity.
Arc flash analysis using ETAP platform
Authors: Nhat Nam Nguyen , Ngoc Trieu Nguyen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arc flash analysis during short circuit failure is an exciting issue that has significant implications for electrical design, management, maintenance, and operation of power systems. In this paper, a typical power system of a milk factory with voltage levels of 33kV, 11kV, and 0.4kV are considered for arc flash analysis on the platform of ETAP. The computation results show that the arc flash incident energies at some buses of the system are very high with the index of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the extreme danger level, and hence, the remedial procedure is inevitable. The two mitigation solutions of using low arc mode and arc flash detection relay are then verified. The latter strategy is demonstrated to be able to reduce the incident energy of arc flash at the dangerous buses to the level 2 of PPE, and hence, this method is recommended to apply for handling the arc flash hazard in this power system.
The effect of damping in evaluating tensile force of cable based on measuring frequency
Authors: Huynh-Thai An , Nguyen-Quoc Hung , Vuong-Cong Luan , Pham-Bao Toan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cable vibration regularly appears in operating structures and harms the performance and service life of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop solutions to control and predict the condition of structures, especially cable structure types such as extradosed bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, bridges with post-tensioned cables, signal towers, etc. In inspecting cable structures, estimating the tension acting on the cable based on vibration plays a significant role, owing to the damping of cables. The vibration measurement through accelerometers is more commonly used in construction buildings, because of its flexible implementation at low cost, and good accuracy while still ensuring construction safety standards, so practical formulas are proposed and improved accuracy for the problem of determining cable tension for different cable structures without considering damping. In this study, the continuous cables have been mathematically modeled to assess the tension considering the damping parameters of the cable.
Nonlinear bending of FGP beams and frames based on a third-order shear deformable theory
Authors: Pham Vu Nam , Ich Le Cong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nonlinear bending of beams and frames made of functionally graded porous (FGP) material under mechanical loading is presented based on a third-order shear deformable theory. The beams and frames consist of an FGP core and two faces of isotropic material. The porosities of the core are considered to be symmetric distributions in the direction of thickness. The von Kármán nonlinear assumption is adopted to formulate a nonlinear beam element, and then to construct the nonlinear equilibrium equation. Different from the existing third-order shear deformable elements, the present element is derived by using the rotation of transverse shear, not the rotation of cross-section, as a. Explicit expressions for the vector of internal forces and the matrix of tangent stiffness are given. The nonlinear response of various FGP beams and frames to mechanical loading is predicted using the Newton–Raphson iterative method, and the effects of the porosities on the nonlinear behavior are examined. Numerical results show that the beam element proposed herein is efficient, and it can accurately predict the nonlinear response by using just several elements. The effects of the porosity coefficient on the nonlinear behavior of the FGP beams and frames are investigated in detail.
Dynamic Performances Analysis of an Electric Motorbike in case of Transient Excitation by Multi Body Dynamic Model
Authors: Tran Huu Nhan , Pham Ngoc Dai , Tran Quang Lam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The dynamic performances of an electric motorbike subjected under transient road profile is analyzed by a Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) 4 degrees of freedom (4DOF) model. The dynamic characteristics between suspension elements connected to the vehicle frame are determined by a MBD model. The electric motorbike specifications are selected based on the designed vehicle model, including size parameters and loading distributed in the front and rear axles of the vehicle. Suspension system parameters include the stiffness of the spring and the damping coefficient of the shock absorber, which is selected in the common value range of the vehicle’s suspension system, corresponding to the natural frequency and damping ratio. The transient road profile according to the IRC 99 - 1988 standard, has the length (d1
) in range of 1.5÷3.7 (m), and examined velocity (v) range of 10÷80 (km/h). The evaluation indexes of the dynamic performances are analyzed including human body stability GAtr
(%), safety working space of the suspension system GRtr
(%) and the tire road holding ability GLtr
(%). In which, the GAtr, GRtr, GLtr
are respectively the ratios of the human vertical acceleration to the gravity acceleration, the dynamic suspension relative displacement to the suspension working deflection capacity, and the tire dynamic load to the tire static load. The obtained results show that with only one rider, the obtained GAtr
was greater than 1 under excitation range of [d1
≥ 2 (m), v>40 (km/h)], [d1
= 1.5 (m), v>13 (km/h)]. With two riders, d1
= 3.7 (m), the obtained GAtr
was less than 1 in the entire examined velocity domain. Both front and rear suspension systems ensured GRftr
<60% in all the investigated cases. In the front suspension system, with the same v and d1
, with two riders, the GRftr
was always greater compared to the one rider case. The obtained GLtr
was greater than the critical value of 1 with d1
= 3.7 m, v>36 (km/h). The lower d1
, the smaller critical velocity, causing the GLtr
>1 is obtained. The obtained results show that the smaller the critical velocity or the critical stability condition of the designed vehicle decreases, when the applied loading or the excitation frequency increases.
The use of PINN in analyzing two-dimensional elastoplastic problems
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Linh Le , Nguyen Nha Thanh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By utilizing characteristics of neural networks, the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is truly an innovative method in dealing with differential equations. Despite being proposed and developed recently, it still brings an outstanding way to deal with traditional mechanics problems. Regarding PINN as a differential equation solver, the governing equation of a mechanics system can be directly handled using deep learning techniques. As a variation of PINN, the deep energy method (DEM) exhibits some superior properties compared to the traditional PINN, such as the requirement in the order of the derivative field for calculation is less, the implementation is easier, and the convergence rate is higher, etc. In order to examine the applicability of DEM in nonlinear systems, this study applies the DEM model to deal with elastoplastic problems, which possess material-kind nonlinearity. Through the study, problems with the assumption of a bilinear material model are handled and analyzed. The results are validated by the reference results obtained from previous studies. The findings show that DEM is extremely effective in solving nonlinear systems. Also, in comparison to other traditional approaches such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), meshless, etc., PINN is indeed a promising approach in the next stage of research in the computational mechanics field.
Dynamic analysis of plates resting on elastic foundation subjected to moving loads based on the first-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Trung , Siu Lo Vay , Truong Thien Tich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the time-dependent behavior of plates resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation affected by moving loads, employing the principles of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). By limiting the analysis to first-order shear deformation, FSDT requires fewer degrees of freedom, making the analysis less resource-intensive compared to 3D models. The time-dependent responses of the plate on the elastic foundation were evaluated applying the Newmark direct integration method. For computational analysis, the finite element method with a serendipity (8-node) plate element is applied because the foundation equation requires second-order derivatives of the Laplace operator, and is implemented using MATLAB. Initial validation is conducted by comparing the current results with analytical approaches to demonstrate the dependability and precision of the approach. Following this, numerical examples are illustrated to illustrate the impact of various factors, covering changes in thickness and foundation properties, moving loads, velocities, and effect of boundary conditions on the behavior of the plate. The outcomes show reliable convergence, aligning well with existing research findings. These insights are applicable in numerous engineering applications involving plates on elastic foundations and provide benchmarks for future studies.
Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating airflow and heat distribution to enhance thermal comfort in enclosed space
Authors: Hoang Kha Vy Vu , Quoc Thai Hoang , Thi My Hien Nguyen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate airflow and thermal parameters in enclosed spaces to evaluate and improve thermal comfort in HVAC systems. The two main indices, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfaction (PPD), are accurately calculated by integrating CFD results with factors such as clothing insulation, metabolic rate, humidity, and mean radiant temperature. Results are compared with previous studies and introduce a new approach to simulating airflow and heat distribution to enhance thermal comfort in enclosed spaces. The thermal comfort of each manikin is assessed according to ASHRAE 55 standards. Despite some limitations, this research serves as a valuable reference for applying CFD in HVAC system design. Simulations were conducted using the student version of ANSYS Fluent.
Reflection on sustainability in civil engineering – investigation of the potential of numerical topology optimization
Authors: Masarczyk Daniela , Zöpf Valentin , Arold Tizian , Kuhl Detlef 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The transformation of the building sector towards sustainability is one of the key engineering challenges of this century. Bridge design is a typical task in civil engineering, the high material usage in combination with the considerable costruction effort makes their longevity a strongly desirable property. A mechanically efficient design contributes to optimum load distribution within the structure. Numerical topology optimization is a valuable tool that can be applied for form finding of load-appropriate structural layouts within a predefined design-space. This study takes the design of a mechanically efficient bridge into focus, that can be manufactured on a model scale using the resource-saving methods from additive manufacturing (AM). The considerations on mechanical optimality, that are included in the layout of the bridge and its components, are presented to demonstrate a perspective for sustainable design in civil engineering.
Investigation of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Non-Hydrolyzed Orange Peel Extract Without Additional Nutrient Supplements
Authors: Tuyet Pham Thi , Hung Nguyen Minh , Dung Nguyen Van , Long Nguyen Quang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of the noteworthy products that is synthesized by several genera of bacteria in the group of acetic acid bacteria. Bacterial cellulose has long been considered a smart, versatile, environmentally friendly material that can be applied in many fields due to its exceptional properties like high purity, high crystallinity, non-immune reaction, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, two significant problems need to be resolved to produce BC on a large scale including low fermentation efficiency and high production costs. However, two significant problems need to be resolved to produce BC on a large scale including low fermentation efficiency and high production costs. Meanwhile, agricultural waste products provide a plentiful and affordable solution to this problem. In this work, the usage of orange peel extract as a substitute medium for BC synthesis without any hydrolysis treatment is investigated. The main objective of this research was to enhance the BC yield from the orange peel extract medium, which is synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum, by optimizing the fermentation conditions. Following harvest, the BC was dried for 24 hours at 50°C to remove moisture. The result indicated that 100% orange peel extract, an initial pH medium of 10, a fermentation temperature of 30°C, a fermentation period of 14 days, and a bacterial concentration of 15% were the suitable conditions for BC production. Advanced analytical techniques were employed to do a detailed analysis of the generated bacterial cellulose (BC). According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, BC produced from orange peel extract has a high crystallinity index, reaching 86.92%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed the dense, overlapping microfibrillar structure characterizes outstanding physicochemical properties of BC.
Identification of Natural Infiltration Potential at Seputih Watershed
Authors: Talitha Aisyah Nasywa , Ravi Avra Abida El , Azahrah Fatihah Nusanovi , Badzlina Schehana , Annisa Fannya Rachma , Widyatmanti Wirastuti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water has a vital role in human needs. The existence of water is related to the hydrological cycle, where watersheds limit the cycle on the earth’s surface. The Seputih watershed is in Lampung Province. The condition of the Seputih watershed, especially the infiltration rate, is important for conducting watershed management. The parameters used include slope, soil type, and rainfall, which are classified into five classes based on the types. Those parameters are overlayed, and the total score is counted to determine the Natural Infiltration Potential. There are several types of slopes in the Seputih Watershed, which are dominated by flat slopes. There are several types of alluvial, brown andosol, and latosol. On the other hand, all parts of the Seputih Watershed are classed as an area with moderate infiltration rain because it ranging from 2,500 to 3,500 mm in 2023. Natural infiltration potential is determined based on the Regulation of the Minister of Forestry Number P.32/MENHUT-II/2009. results show that the Seputih watershed area is dominated by Low potential of natural infiltration, covering 5815.88 km2 (77.39%) of the Seputih watershed area, with the rest belonging to High (15.77%), Moderate (3.87%), and Very Low (2.97%) levels. The low infiltration potential caused a high potential for flooding and high levels of drought. The results from this research could provide references for governments to manage watersheds, such as sustainable water resource management.
Prediction of Ricefield Land Changes Using Cellular Automata and Rice Adequacy in Bantul Regency
Authors: Kuncoro Aflah Bening , Harini Rika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bantul Regency is the second-largest rice producer in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. However, the regency has experienced a decline in ricefield area coupled with population growth, which can impact the availability and demand for rice. This study aims to predict changes in ricefield areas and assess rice adequacy in Bantul Regency by 2033, using predictions of changes in ricefield areas. The Cellular Automata Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) method was employed for these predictions. The study is based on several assumptions: the predicted ricefield area directly corresponds to rice production, rice availability is solely based on local production in Bantul Regency, and the per capita rice consumption remains constant. According to the CA-ANN model, the ricefield area in Bantul Regency is projected to decrease by 3,434.14 ha, resulting in a total of 12,088.97 ha by 2033. Consequently, the predicted rice production for 2033 is 47,788.41 tons, while the projected demand is 63,321.81 tons. This results in a rice deficit of 15,533.40 tons for Bantul Regency in 2033.
Identification of Potential Plantation Subsectors to Support the Development of the New Capital City in Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Authors: Kumalawati R , Yuliarti A , Raharjo JT , Rijanta  , Susanti A , Saputra E , Budiman PW , Pratomo RA , Murliawan KH , Danarto WP , Muhtar GA , Anggraini RN , Prasakti Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indonesia is a country that is endowed with a wealth of natural resources, which play an instrumental role in the country’s economic and social advancement. The utilisation of existing natural resources can facilitate the enhancement of community welfare and the strengthening of the Indonesian state’s defences. This may be achieved, for instance, through the exploitation of natural resources derived from plantations. In light of the aforementioned, it is imperative to conduct research on the potential of the plantation subsector to facilitate the seamless development of the new national capital city in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The objective of this research is to ascertain the potential of the plantation subsector to facilitate the seamless development of the new national capital (IKN) in Kutai Kartanegara Regency from 2015 to 2022, with a focus on each subsector. Plantation data in Kutai Kartanegara Regency between 2015 and 2022 is used to analyse plantation conditions with Location Quotients (LQ) method to ascertain statistical and spatial element to this study. The findings of the research indicate that palm oil, coconut and coffee commodities were present in all sub-districts of Kutai Kartanegara Regency throughout the period from 2015 to 2022. Consequently, these commodities have the potential for further development. The commodities that form the basis of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, and are most commonly found in each subdistrict are palm oil and rubber. In contrast, coconut, coffee, cocoa, and pepper are less abundant. The ongoing development of existing superior/base commodities is intended to enhance the welfare of the population and to strengthen the national security.