bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rumours, myths, and misperceptions as barriers to contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa
Authors: Jonas Kim , Duby Zoe , Maruping Kealeboga , Harries Jane , Mathews Catherine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Rumours, myths and misperceptions about contraceptives are a barrier to contraceptive use in general but more so among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). As rumours and misinformation disseminate easily, it is important to explore how they affect uptake of contraceptives among AGYW at risk of unintended pregnancies. This study used qualitative methods to explore whether rumours, myths and misperceptions about contraceptives remain barriers to modern contraceptive use among AGYW who were beneficiaries of a combination HIV prevention intervention in South Africa. Methods: Four (4) once-of in-depth interviews (IDIs), 53 serial in-depth interviews (SIDIs) and 19 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 185 AGYW aged 15-24 years living in five of the ten intervention districts were conducted as part of the HERStory 1 Study. Interviews and FGDs were audio recorded and data were analyzed thematically, aided by Nvivo 12 software.Results: Rumours, myths and misperceptions about contraceptives, as well as socio-cultural norms regarding contraception significantly hinder AGYW’s use of modern contraceptives. Peer/friends’ disapproval, parents’ and boyfriend’s lack of support for AGYW’s use of contraceptives, based on rumours and perceived side effects also impede AGYW’s access and use of contraceptives. Conclusion: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs could address social norms that disapprove of contraception, and target rumours, myths and misperceptions regarding modern contraceptive methods through educational campaigns and community engagements. Promoting contraception in the community, and men’s acceptance of contraceptive use, in particular, may increase their understanding of modern contraceptives and subsequently, their approval for their partners/girlfriends to use them.
Genome-wide association study identifying genetic variants associated with carcass backfat thickness, lean percentage and fat percentage in a four-way crossbred pig population using SLAF-seq technology
Authors: Wang Huiyu , Wang Xiaoyi , Yan Dawei , Sun Hao , Chen Qiang , Li Mingli , Dong Xinxing , Pan Yuchun , Lu Shaoxiong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Carcass backfat thickness (BFT), carcass lean percentage (CLP) and carcass fat percentage (CFP) are important to the commercial pig industry. Identification of the candidate SNPs and genes associated with these traits will be beneficial to pig breeding. We performed a GWAS based on SLAF-seq to analyze seven traits, including five BFTs, CLP, and CFP on 223 four-way intercross pigs.Results A total of 1,552,377 SLAFs from the pig reference genome (Sscrofa 11.1_102) were predicted using RsaI and HaeIII enzyme combination. With an average sequencing depth of 11.94-fold, a total of 10,784,484 SNPs were obtained. After SNPs’ filtering, 227, 921 SNPs were identified to perform GWAS. Using the mixed linear model (MLM) model, a total of 21 SNP loci significantly related to these traits were identified on ten chromosomes. Interestingly, nine shared traits SNPs were detected. Among these, SSC7:29503670 for average backfat thickness (ABFT, P=3.26E-08) and SSC7:29486003 for ABFT (P=2.12E-07) exceed 1% and 10% genome-wide significance, respectively. The two loci were located in the intron of COL21A1, which was highlighted as a strong candidate gene for porcine BFT traits. On SSC9, three adjacent significant SNPs were detected within a region of 0.19Mb (between 87.44Mb and 87.63Mb). PGM2L1 was considered a candidate gene for the region. Finally, a total of 13 genes, including ZNF184, ZNF391, COL21A1, OR4P4L, OR4C13L, OR5D14, OR5D13L, OR1J4L, HMGA1, PGM2L1, FAM171A1, PLBD2 and KIAA121 associated with carcass backfat thickness, and/or carcass lean percentage, and/or carcass fat percentage were considered potential candidate genes for further study.Conclusions The results of this GWAS will greatly advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of BFT, CLP, and CFP traits. The identified SNPs and candidate genes were beneficial to pig breeding.
An Ischemia-Homing Bioengineered Nano-Scavenger for Specifically Alleviating Multiple Pathogeneses in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Duan Ranran , Sun Ke , Fang Fang , Wang Ning , He Ruya , Gao Yang , Jing Lijun , Li Yanfei , Gong Zhe , Yao Yaobing , Luan Tingting , Zhang Chaopeng , Zhang Jinwei , Zhao Yi , Xie Haojie , Zhou Yongyan , Teng Junfang , Zhang Jinfeng , Jia Yanjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the most serious global public health problems. However, the performance of current therapeutic regimens is limited due to their poor target specificity, narrow therapeutic time window, and compromised therapeutic effect. To overcome these barriers, we designed an ischemia-homing bioengineered nano-scavenger by camouflaging a catalase (CAT)-loaded self-assembled tannic acid (TA) nanoparticle with a M2-type microglia membrane (TPC@M2 NPs) for ischemic stroke treatment. Results: The TPC@M2 NPs can on-demand release TA molecules to chelate excessive Fe2+, while acid-responsively liberating CAT to synergistically scavenge multiple ROS (•OH, •O2-, and H2O2). Besides, the M2 microglia membrane not only can be served as bioinspired therapeutic agents to repolarize M1 microglia into M2 phenotype but also endows the nano-scavenger with ischemia-homing and BBB-crossing capabilities. Conclusions: The nano-scavenger for specific clearance of multiple pathogenic elements to alleviate inflammation and protect neurons holds great promise for combating ischemic stroke and other inflammation-related diseases.
Exploiting Consumption Diversity and neighbour Similarity Trade-offs in Recommender Systems: a User-Centric Offline Evaluation of Diversity Objectives
Authors: Zanitti Michele , Sørensen Jannick , Terolli Erisa , Kosta Sokol 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recommender systems (RS) have seen widespread adoption across the Internet. However, by emphasising personalisation through the optimisation of accuracy-focused metrics, \textit{over}-\textit{personalisation} may emerge, with negative effects on the user experience. A countermeasure to the problem is to diversify recommendations. In this paper, we present a solution that addresses the problem for three application domains: movies, books, and music. Our solution, which we call \textit{VarSeek}, models the consumption diversity vs. neighbour similarity trade-off to control diversity and observe its impact on four related dimensions, namely item diversity, local coverage, novelty, and redundancy. The proposed solution is designed to diversify user profiles built on categorical preferences in a collaborative filtering scenario. We perform offline evaluations against state-of-the-art methods on three widely used datasets and show that the proposed algorithm is able to control recommendation novelty and redundancy.
Influence of Race and High Laminar Shear Stress on TNFR1 Signaling in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Aldokhayyil Maitha , Gomez Dulce H. , Cook Marc , Kavazis Andreas N. , Roberts Michael D. , Geetha Thangiah , Brown Michael D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: In the endothelium, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding to TNF receptor-I (TNFR-I) facilitates monocyte recruitment and consequently the development of atherosclerosis. The prevalence of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and subclinical atherosclerosis is higher in the African American (AA) population. This is supported by in vitro evidence demonstrating heightened inflammatory response and atherogenic potential in endothelial cells (ECs) from AA donors. Evidence suggests that high unidirectional laminar shear stress (HSS), as an exercise mimetic, can mitigate some aspects of racial differences in endothelial function at the cellular level. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNF-induced monocyte adhesion as well as TNFR-I signaling complex expression/activity would be exacerbated in AA derived ECs. Further, we hypothesized that HSS would attenuate potential racial differences. Methods: THP-1 monocytes and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) from Caucasian American (CA) and AA donors were used in a co-culture system to examine racial differences in monocyte adhesion. An in vitro exercise mimetic model was applied to investigate the potential modulatory effect of HSS. Results: THP-1 adherence appeared elevated in untreated and TNF-treated AA ECs compared to CA ECs, but not statistically significant. Additionally, we report no significant racial differences in the expression of TNFR-I signaling complex or TNF-induced activation of NF-κB. Application of HSS significantly increased the expression and shedding of TNFR-I in both racial groups. Conclusion: Our data do not support TNF-induced NF-κB activation as a potential mediator of racial disparity or HSS atheroprotective effect. Future research should investigate the role of other pathways activated by TNFR-I signaling complex.
Extensive Study of Multiple Deep Neural Networks for Complex Random Telegraph Signals
Authors: Robitaille Marcel , Yang HeeBong , Wang Lu , Kim Na Young 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Time-fluctuating signals are ubiquitous and diverse in many physical, chemical, and biological systems, among which random telegraph signals (RTSs) refer to a series of instantaneous switching events between two discrete levels from single-particle movements. Reliable RTS analyses are crucial prerequisite to identify underlying mechanisms related to performance sensitivity. When numerous levels partake, complex patterns of multilevel RTSs occur, making their quantitative analysis exponentially difficult, hereby systematic approaches are found elusive. Here, we present a three-step analysis protocol via progressive knowledge-transfer, where the outputs of early step are passed onto a subsequent step. Especially, to quantify complex RTSs, we build three deep neural network architectures that can process temporal data well and demonstrate the model accuracy extensively with a large dataset of different RTS types affected by controlling background noise size. Our protocol offers structured schemes to quantify complex RTSs from which meaningful interpretation and inference can ensue.
Repair of exposure and fracture of the porous high-density polyethylene framework after ear reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Chenyan , Chen Bin , Lu Lixing , Yan xiaojun , Yi Bin , Shi Runjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the repair method of exposure or fracture of the porous high-density polyethylene ear framework after total auricle reconstruction. Methods: From April 2018 to October 2021, 11 patients with framework exposure or fracture after total auricle reconstruction were admitted to the hospital for repair. In these 11 patients, the repair was performed using (1) a temporal muscle flap combined with free skin graft in 5 patients, (2) a mastoid fascia flap combined with free skin graft in 2 patients, (3) a simple local skin flap in 1 patient, (4) combination of a temporalis muscle flap and a mastoid fascia flap together with free skin graft in 2 patients, and (5) a Supor helix material combined with a temporal muscle flap and free skin graft in 1 patient. Results: After follow-up for 3–36 months, except for one patient in whom local exposure again occurred at the same site, the framework was in a good shape in the other patients, and all the skin graft survived. Conclusions: The defect of the upper part of the auricle can be repaired using a temporal muscle flap combined with temporal muscle fascia and skin graft. The defect of the middle and lower part of the auricle can be repaired using a mastoid fascia flap combined with skin graft. For framework fracture, the damaged site can be first strengthened with another ear material and then combined with the adjacent fascia flap and free skin graft.
How does Machine Learning Predict the Success of Bank Telemarketing?
Authors: Choi Youngkeun , Choi Jae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper intends to understand the antecedents in the success of bank telemarketing prediction modeling better and seeks to evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning. For this, we are using a machine learning technique on the dataset of direct marketing campaigns of a Portuguese banking institution which is obtained from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository. Based on these results, first, among all variables, age, balance, loan, day, duration, campaign, pdays, and poutcome influence the success of bank telemarketing, while job, martial, education, default, housing, contact, month, and previous have no significance. Second, for the full model, the accuracy rate is 0.784, which implies that the error rate is 0.216. Among the patients who predicted not to have the success of bank telemarketing, the accuracy that would not have the success of bank telemarketing was 75.63%, and the accuracy that had the success of bank telemarketing was 82.61% among the patients predicted to have the success of bank telemarketing. This study extends the existing literature by empirically examining the combined impact of the variables on the success of bank telemarketing modeling.
Stigma and access to health care: case of people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon
Authors: MAGNE Estelle KOUOKAM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background One of the most common notions arising in studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from the 1980s to the 2000s is that of stigma. A consequence of lack of access to antiviral therapy between the 1980’s and 1990’s was the death of many patients. At this stage, the patient’s bodies were desexualized, disfigured [1, 2]. MethodBased on the anthropological research carried out within the framework of the project EVOLCAM ANRS 12288 (Evolution of Cameroon's program of HIV care and co-infections) conducted in Cameroon from 2014 to 2015, in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, this paper aims to analyze the notion of stigma as an issue of social justice with respect to the right to health. Result The study shows that body normalization, stigma continues to be a great challenge in access of people living with HIV to health care there is a culture of Secrecy. Kinship solidarity plays an important role in care expenditure. The informant still feel the need to hide their drugs in order to avoid stigma. The embodiment of self disentification is the result of three medical artefacts: « CD4-medicine-scale ». HIV/AIDS stills continue to be link to death. ConclusionThe ambivalence of the imagery about HIV positive status and AIDS disease contribute to the exclusion of people living with HIV/AIDS. This is a risk given the uncertainty of financing, as many informants rely on the financial support of their relatives who work in small businesses depending on the amount of their daily earnings. Therefore, access to health care for people living with HIV/AIDS continues to be a challenge not only for people living with HIV/AIDS but also for their relatives.
The best bevel shape for optimized daylighting and thermal performance
Authors: Krzemień Leszek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses a costless method of improving daylighting in a building. It shows that the diagonal cuts in insulation around windows substantially increase the amount of light coming into the building without compromising the heat resistance of the barrier. The effect of various depth and angles of cuts on the daylighting as well as the thermal performance of the envelope is simulated. An optimal geometry is found as a function of insulation thickness. The results were obtained using the finite element method. A novel approach was used that allows the daylighting and thermal simulation to be performed in the same simulation environment using the same geometry. Additionally, a traditional daylighting analysis was performed. They show that for the thick insulation, bevels make difference between having and not having satisfactory levels of light in the room.
Low Ankle-Brachial Index Relates to Alzheimer-Signature Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults
Authors: Moon Seok Woo , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Kim Min Jung , Jung Joon Hyung , Kong Nayeong , Jung Gijung , Ahn Hyejin , Lee Jun-Young , Kang Koung Mi , Sohn Chul-Ho , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Dong Young 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAnkle-brachial index (ABI), an indicator of atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness, has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and related cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, only limited information is yet available for its contribution to brain alterations related to cognitive decline in late-life. We aimed to investigate the relationship of ABI with in vivo AD pathologies and cerebrovascular injury in cognitively impaired older adults.MethodsTotal 127 cognitively impaired (70 mild cognitive impairment and 57 AD dementia) individuals, who participated in an ongoing prospective cohort study, were included. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, ABI measurement, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotyping, and multi-modal brain imaging including [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F] fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and MRI.ResultsGeneral linear model analysis showed significant relationship between ABI strata (low ABI: < 1.00, normal ABI: 1.00–1.29, and high ABI: ≥ 1.30) and AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM), even after controlling age, sex, clinical dementia rating–sum of box (CDR-SOB), and APOE ε4 positivity (p = 0.029). Post hoc comparison revealed that low ABI had significantly lower AD-CM than middle and high ABI, while no difference of AD-CM was found between middle and high ABI. There was no significant difference of global Aβ deposition, AD-signature region cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity volume between the three ABI strata.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lower ABI, probably related to atherosclerosis, may contribute to the aggravation of AD-related regional neurodegeneration in cognitively impaired older adults.
Incidence of urachal remnants in children according to age and their anatomic variants
Authors: Zenitani Masahiro , Nose Satoko , Oue Takaharu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the incidence of urachal remnants in children in relation to patient age as well as to identify their anatomic variants, using a laparoscopic view.Methods The medical records of 394 pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were reviewed. Patients were divided into four groups based on their age at surgery. Using laparoscopic visualization, the presence and anatomic variants of urachal remnants were analyzed.Results A urachal remnant was confirmed in 140 children (35.5%). Although the incidence was significantly higher in the group of children aged < 1 year (63.2%) than in any other group, no significant difference in the incidence was observed between the groups aged ≥ 1 year. In 42 cases (10.7%), the urachal remnant merged into the lateral umbilical ligament.Conclusions Our results suggest a recommendation of nonoperative management of asymptomatic urachal remnants, especially in patients less than 1 year of age due to its probable spontaneous resolution. Knowledge of the anatomic variants could improve the accuracy of diagnosis of urachal remnants and the comprehension of its structure and localization for the achievement of accurate and complete excision.
A tract-based spatial statistics study of white matter integrity in epilepsy
Authors: Hou Xiaoxia , Li Zhisen , Lu Yanli , Zhao Huimin , Wang Meixia , Xu Bo , Shi Qianru , Gui Qian , Wu Guanhui , Shen Mingqiang , Zhu Wei , Xu Qinrong , Dong Xiaofeng , Cheng Qingzhang , Zhang Jibin , Feng Hongxuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes of cerebral white matter diffusion tensor in epilepsy patients based on the method of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Methods Twenty-six patients with epilepsy and 42 healthy volunteers matched for sex, age and handedness were examined for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). TBSS was used to analyze the changes of each relevant parameter index of DTI in white matter of the brain in all subjects, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with epilepsy had decreased FA and elevated MD, AD, and RD in the anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, forceps major, forceps minor, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus. (P < 0.05). Conclusion Widespread white matter integrity was found in epilepsy patients, which may be the structural basis for the development of affective disorders, impaired cognition, and motor abnormalities.
Estimated Incidence of Respiratory Hospitalizations Attributable to RSV Infections across Age and Socioeconomic Groups
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Warren Joshua L. , Shapiro Eugene D. , Pitzer Virginia E. , Weinberger Daniel M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) likely captures just a fraction of the burden of disease. Understanding the burden of hospitalizations and disparities between populations can help to inform upcoming RSV vaccine programs and to improve surveillance.Methods: We obtained monthly age-, ZIP code- and cause-specific hospitalizations in New York, New Jersey, and Washington from the US State Inpatient Databases (2005-2014). We estimated the incidence of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV by age and by socioeconomic status using regression models. We compared the estimated incidence and the recorded incidence (based on ICD9-CM) of RSV hospitalizations to estimate the under-recorded rate in the different sub-populations.Results: The estimated annual incidence of respiratory hospitalizations due to RSV was highest among infants <1 year of age with low socioeconomic status, (2700 per 100,000 people, 95% CrI [2600, 2900]) and were considerable in older adults that are ≥65 years of age across socioeconomic status, ranging from 130 to 970 per 100,000 people. The incidence of hospitalization recorded as being due to RSV represented a significant undercount, particularly in adults. Only <5% of the estimated RSV hospitalizations were captured for the older adults that are ≥65 years of age. Conclusions: RSV causes a considerable burden of hospitalization in young children and in older adults in the U.S, with variation by socioeconomic group. Estimates of the incidence of hospitalizations due to RSV in older adults based on the recorded diagnoses likely represent an underestimate.