bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Pyroptosis of Microglia contributes to Retinal Ganglion Cells Damage in Chronic Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Ji Min , Huang Zeyu , Zhang Guowei , Sun Qing , Zhang Haiying , Wei Miao , Xie Juanjuan , Chen Luming , Guan Huaijin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Chronic ocular hypertension (COH) as one of the critical risk factors of glaucoma, the mechanisms of COH-induced RGCs damage has not been clarified. In recent years, studies have reported altered levels of autophagy and pyroptosis in glaucomatous microglia. However, it is unclear whether autophagy and pyroptosis of microglia are related and whether this relationship mediates COH-induced RGCs damage.METHODS. A mouse COH experimental glaucomatous model in vivo was established. Besides, we used 2 mmol/L (mM) ATP-treated microglia to simulate COH in vitro. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to detect the exact relationship between autophagy and pyroptosis of microglia. Moreover, we utilized co-cultivation, live/dead viability assay, neutralizing antibody treatment and intra-vitreous injection to investigate the role of this relationship of microglia in COH-induced RGCs damage.RESULTS. In COH model in vivo, a transient boost of autophagy and a gradual increase of pyroptosis were observed. And the consistent phenomena were also found in ATP-treated microglia in vitro. We next observed that inhibition of the P2X7R-NLRP3-CASP1-GSDMD pathway and activation of autophagy could attenuate pyroptosis of microglia, thereby counteracting the RGCs damage induced by COH in vivo and ATP in vitro. The intricate molecular mechanism between pyroptosis mediated by the above pathway and autophagy is referred as “crosstalk” in this paper. Furthermore, we revealed the indispensable significance of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in microglia-mediated RGCs damage.CONCLUSIONS. Our findings show that the crosstalk between autophagy and pyroptosis of microglia in COH can be achieved through P2X7R-NLRP3 pathway. Moreover, intervening in the crosstalk effectively counteracts COH-induced RGCs damage. Our results provide new insights into developing therapies for glaucoma based on the concept of neuroinflammation.
PEG2000-DBCO surface coating increases intracellular uptake of liposomes by breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Turkman Nashaat , Liu Daxing , Cohen Jules 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given our interest in the utility of liposomes for molecular imaging and theranostics, we investigated how coating the outer layer of the liposome affects internalization by breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in breast tumor tissues in vivo. Indeed, we discovered that a remarkably high liposomal uptake can be achieved by DBCO (dibenzocyclooctyne) soft coating. Our data demonstrates that decorating the terminal lipid with a DBCO moiety at a specific density induces increased tumor uptake in vivo (tumor uptake ~50%) compared to conventional undecorated liposome (tumor uptake~20%). In this study, we report improved visualization of breast cancer cells in vivo using a 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model and primary breast tumor xenograft models MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. L-PEG2000-DBCO coated liposomes demonstrate increased accumulation in breast cancer cells independent of tumor size, type, position, receptor expression, as well as the condition of the host mice. We expect these findings to have a major positive impact on the practical utility of liposomes in image-guided applications and precision medicine theranostics.
Conservation of avian diet specialists: lessons from brood provisioning ecology of the endangered vermivore, the Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha)
Authors: Park Jinseok , Ha Jungmoon , Kim Woojoo , Jablonski Piotr , Lee Sang-im 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Information on the diet of endangered species is crucial in conservation, especially for diet specialists. The Fairy Pitta, Pitta nympha, is classified as “vulnerable species” by IUCN. In a field-based study on the nestlings’ diet and parental care, combined with the existing literature, we confirm pitta’s dietary specialization as vermivory and report the effect of rain on the proportion and size of earthworms in the nestlings’ diet. We use the quantitative results, along with the literature on earthworm densities, to speculate that the habitat’s surface area required to supply a pair of the Fairy Pitta with earthworms for the whole breeding event approximately matches the territory (home range) size extracted from the published censuses of the Fairy Pitta. This match highlights the importance of earthworms for the population ecology of the Fairy Pitta. Finally, based on the comparison of earthworm densities in natural and anthropogenic habitats, we hypothesize that spatial mosaic of patches of natural and anthropogenic habitats, with patch sizes based on the Fairy Pitta’s territory size, may mitigate the negative effects of the conversion of natural habitats to anthropogenic habitats on pitta’s population.
Enhanced survival prediction using explainable artificial intelligence in heart transplantation
Authors: Lisboa Paulo , Jayabalan Manoj , Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Olier Ivan , Medved Dennis , Nilsson Johan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The most limiting factor in heart transplantation is lack of donor organs. With enhanced prediction of outcome, it may be possible to increase the life-years from the organs that become available. Applications of machine learning to tabular data, typical of clinical decision support, pose the practical question of interpretation which has technical and potential ethical implications. In particular, there is an issue of principle about the predictability of complex data and whether this is inherent in the data or strongly dependent on the choice of machine learning model, leading to the so-called accuracy-interpretability trade-off. We model one-year mortality in heart transplantation data with a self-explaining neural network, which is benchmarked against a deep learning model on the same development data, in an external validation study with two data sets: 1) UNOS transplants in 2017-2018 (n= 4,750) for which the self-explaining and deep learning models are comparable in their AUROC 0.628 [0.602,0.654] cf. 0.635 [0.609,0.662] and 2) Scandinavian transplants during 1997-2018 (n= 2,293) showing good calibration with AUROC of 0.626 [0.588,0.665] and 0.634 [0.570, 0.698] respectively with and without missing data (n=982). This shows that for tabular data predictive models can be transparent and capture important non-linearities, retaining full predictive performance.
Arthro-Broström with Endoscopic Retinaculum Augmentation using All-inside Lasso-loop Stitch Techniques
Authors: Yang Yunjian , Han Jing , Wu Helin , Zhi Xiaosong , Lian Junhong , Xu Feng , Cai Xianhua , Wei Shijun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is still controversy about the augmentation of the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) after arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the arthro-Broström procedure with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop stitch techniques for chronic lateral ankle instability.
Methods: Thirty-four cases with type-2 or type-3 chronic ATFL lesions who underwent the arthro-Broström procedure with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop stitch techniques were assessed retrospectively. A total of 30 cases (30 ankles) were followed up for a mean of 26.67 ± 4.19 months (range, 24 - 36 months). Five cases were excluded due to insufficient medical records or loss of follow-up reports. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores, The Karlsson-Peterson scores and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were evaluated before surgery and at the final follow-up time. Also, the results of stress fluoroscopic tests and complications were recorded.
Results: At the final follow-up, the average of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores, The Karlsson-Peterson scores and VAS scores were 86.63 ± 6.69 (range, 77 - 100), 90.17 ± 4.64 (range, 85 - 100) and 0.53 ± 0.63 (range, 0 - 2), respectively. Moreover, the results of stress fluoroscopic tests were improved significantly after surgery. Mild keloid formation and/or knot irritation were observed in four cases. No wound infections, nerve injuries and recurrent instability were recorded. Also, no stiffness or arthritis of the subtalar joint was encountered.
Conclusions: The arthro-Broström procedure combined with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop techniques is reliable and safe due to satisfactory clinical results and avoiding nerve injuries.
Evaluation of rockfall hazard based on UAV technology and 3D Rockfall Simulations
Authors: utlu Mustafa , ÖZTÜRK Muhammed Zeynel , Şimşek Mesut 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the rockfall hazard in Hacıabdullah village located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey was assessed with three-dimensional (3D) rockfall analyses based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology using RAMMS (Rockfall software). With several rockfall disasters experienced in the village, the final event occurred in 2008, and several houses were evacuated due to rockfall risk after this event. A total of 17 hanging blocks with fall potential were identified and block dimension measurements were performed during field studies. In order to assess the rockfall hazard in the study area, digital surface model (DSM) data were obtained using high-resolution images obtained by UAV. According to dimensional values, the geometric and volumetric features of each rock were assessed close to reality with the RAMMS 3D rockfall modeling program. As a result of 3-D rockfall modelling, the maximum kinetic energy, maximum velocity, and maximum jump height of the falling blocks are reached to 3476 kJ, 23.1 m/s, and 14.57 m, respectively. The shape and volume of the blocks, as well as the slope features, rocks display differences in their runout distances after falls. A rock block with equant geometry has a runout distance of 53.1-126.9 m, whereas a rock block with flat or long geometry has a runout distance of 34-122.9 m. Rocks that do not move very far from the source area are; in other words, where the free-fall process is dominant, may significantly damage the roads. However, rolling blocks, in other words, blocks which can travel long distances from the source area, have a potential to cause great damage at the settlement areas, roads and trees. According to the hazard map, R6, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, and R17 blocks involve high and moderate levels of risk for settlement units. R1, R4, R7, R8, R9, and R10 blocks show that the majority of them involve low risk, while a small portion is a moderate risk.
Calpains in Cyanobacteria and the Origin of Calpains
Authors: Vešelényiová Dominika , Hutárová Lenka , Lukáčová Alexandra , Schneiderová Mária , vesteg matej , Krajčovič Juraj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Calpains are cysteine proteases involved in many cellular processes. They are an ancient and large superfamily of enzymes responsible for the cleavage and irreversible modification of a large variety of substrates. They have been intensively studied in humans and other mammals, but information about calpains in bacteria is scarce. Calpains have not been found among Archaea to date. In this study, we have investigated the presence of calpains in selected cyanobacterial species using in silico analyses. We show that calpains defined by possessing CysPC core domain are present in cyanobacterial genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Calothrix, Chamaesiphon, Fischerella, Microcystis, Scytonema and Trichormus. Based on in silico protein interaction analysis, we have predicted putative interaction partners for identified cyanobacterial calpains. The phylogenetic analysis including cyanobacterial, other bacterial and eukaryotic calpains divided bacterial and eukaryotic calpains into two separate monophyletic clusters. We propose two possible evolutionary scenarios to explain this tree topology: 1) the eukaryotic ancestor or an archaeal ancestor of eukaryotes obtained calpain gene from an unknown bacterial donor, or alternatively 2) calpain gene had been already present in the last common universal ancestor and subsequently lost by the ancestor of Archaea, but retained by the ancestor of Bacteria and by the ancestor of Eukarya. Both scenarios would require multiple independent losses of calpain genes in various bacteria and eukaryotes.
Mathematical and Statistical Study on COVID19- SIR Model
Authors: Datta Jaydip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this combinatorial study let us try to simulate the four cases starting from viral spreading kinetics, Gaussian distribution of the infectious disease, mortality statistics like infection fatality ratio ( IFR ) with the distribution of age of the patient through sigmoid regression method approach and finally the most important modeling of remdesivir on the basis of Molecular bonding method ( LCAO)as well as vaccination as the traditional method. It is an alternative approach to susceptibility – infectivity – recovery ( SIR ) model .
Multimodal Optimization with the Local Optimum Ranking 2 Algorithm
Authors: Duarte Francisco Daniel Filip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In optimization tasks, it is interesting to achieve a set of efficient solutions instead of one single output, in the case the best solution is not suitable. Many niching methods offer a diversified response, yet some important problems are common: (1) The most interesting solutions of each local optimum are not identified. Thus, the output is the overall population of solutions, which increases the work of the designer in verifying which solution is the most interesting. (2) Existing niching algorithms tend to distribute the solutions on the most promising regions, over-populating some local optima and sub-populating others, what can lead to a poor optimization.To solve these challenges, a novel niching method is presented, named local optimum ranking 2. This sorting methodology favors the exploration of a defined number of local optima and ranks each local population by objective value within each local optimum. Thus, is performed a multi-focus exploration, with an equalized number of solutions on each local optimum, while identifying which solutions are the local apices.The algorithm is applied in the design optimization of a metallic cantilever beam, showcasing how it offer both efficiency and diversity for design challenges.
Zwischen Anspruch und Alltäglichkeit: Konzeptuelle und unterrichtspraktische Perspektiven auf eine inklusive Diagnostik
Authors: Kopmann Henrike 
Published: April 2022

Die Frage nach der Qualifikation von Lehrkräften in puncto Diagnostik stand in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wiederholt im Fokus bildungswissenschaftlicher und bildungspolitischer Diskussionen. Aktuell wird schulische Diagnostik insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund einer inklusiven Umgestaltung des Schulwesens verstärkt und durchaus kontrovers diskutiert. Der vorliegende Artikel eruiert Stellenwert und Konzeptualisierungen einer inklusionsorientierten Diagnostik. Unterschiedliche in der Literatur dargestellte Zugangsweisen zu einer Diagnostik in inklusiven Lernkontexten werden beschrieben und mit anderen Formen der Diagnostik in Bezug gesetzt. Die anschließend präsentierten empirischen Befunde eruieren den Stellenwert und das Verständnis diagnostischen Handelns unter 125 praktisch tätigen Lehrer*innen. Anhand von fünf Fallvignetten, die unterschiedliche Lernende in inklusiven Lernkontexten porträtierten, generierten die teilnehmenden Lehrpersonen Förderanregungen. Die zu Tage tretenden Auffassungen von Diagnostik in inklusiven Lernsettings werden diskutiert und mit theoretischen Konzeptualisierungen einer unterrichtsbegleitenden Diagnostik in Bezug gesetzt.

Abstract
Teacher qualification with respect to diagnostics has been in the focus of educational science and educational politics since several decades. Recently, there is an increasing interest but as well a growing controversy concerning diagnostics in inclusive education. Therefore, the present article investigates the relevance and heterogeneous conceptions of diagnostics for inclusive school settings. The text describes different approaches to inclusive diagnostics found in scientific literature and compares them to other forms of diagnostics. Subsequently, an empirical study is presented which analyses the perspectives of 125 teachers on diagnostic activities in inclusive classrooms. After reading five case vignettes that portrayed learners with special educational needs, the participants generated ideas to support the individual child. Their ideas about diagnostics in inclusive learning contexts are discussed and compared to theoretical conceptions (e.g. formative assessment).
Biomass of beech (Fagus L.) and ash (Fraxinus L.) depending on tree height, crown width and average January temperature in Eurasia.
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Цепордей И.С. , Ковязин В.Ф. 
Published: April 2022

Дистанционная регистрация таких таксационных показателей деревьев, как ширина кроны и высота дерева, получила широкое распространение при оценке биомассы деревьев. Имеется множество аллометрических моделей биомассы разных древесных пород в разных климатических условиях, но для оценки биомассы дистанционными методами они представлены единичными публикациями. В исследовании использована авторская база экспериментальных данных 249 модельных деревьев Fagus L. и 78 деревьев Fraxinus L. Евразии с замеренными показателями высоты дерева, ширины кроны, а также биомассы ствола, листвы, ветвей и корней. Для всех компонентов надземной биомассы установлена положительная связь с шириной кроны и высотой дерева. Составлены двухвходовые таблицы для таксации биомассы двух древесных родов. Полученные результаты дают представление о том, насколько может различаться структура биомассы равновеликих деревьев таких пород, как бук и ясень, может ли эта структура изменяться в градиенте зимних температур Евразии и каким может быть вклад климатической переменной в объяснение изменчивости биомассы деревьев.
Remote registration of such taxation indicators of trees as crown width and tree height has become widespread in assessing the biomass of trees. There are many allometric models of the biomass of different tree species in different climatic conditions, but for the assessment of biomass by remote methods, they are presented in single publications. The authors used the experimental data base of 249 and 78 model trees of Fagus spp. and Fraxinus spp. correspondingly with measured indicators of tree height, crown width, as well as the biomass of trunk, foliage, branches and roots. For all components of aboveground biomass, a positive relationship was established with the crown width and the tree height. Two-input tables for the taxation of the biomass of two genera are compiled. The results obtained give an idea of how much the biomass structure of equal-sized trees of such species as beech and ash can differ, whether this structure can change in the winter temperature gradient of Eurasia, and what can be the contribution of the climate variable to the explanation of the variability of tree biomass.
Zeboid cow milk: physicochemical quality indicator
Authors: Beketov Sergey , Kaledin Anatoly , Senator Stepan , Upelniek Vladimir , Kuznetsov Sergey , Stolpovsky Yury 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. A herd of zeboid cattle was created by the Snegiri Scientific and Experimental Farm (Moscow region, Russia) as a result of long-term selection and crossbreeding zebu (Bos indicus L.) with cattle (Bos taurus L.). These hybrid cows have good physiological parameters, high resistance to diseases, and a significant adaptive potential. The quality of milk produced by zebu cows at different lactation and milking times has not been studied as well as their milking capacity. Therefore, we aimed to assess the variability of specific physicochemical indicators of milk produced by Snegiri’s zeboid dairy herd.
Study objects and methods. The milk of 193 zeboid cows (6–12% of zebu blood) from the Snegiri Farm was analyzed by standard methods for quality indicators such as fat, nonfat milk solids, density, bound water, freezing point, protein, and lactose. Then, we determined how these indicators changed depending on the lactation number and the time of milking (morning/evening). Statistical analysis was applied to process the data.
Results and discussion. Such indicators as nonfat milk solids, density, bound water, freezing point, protein, and lactose of zeboid cow milk were consistent with the normal indicators for raw cow’s milk. Only its fat content (4.39%) exceeded the norm. We found no correlation between the quality of milk and the number of lactations. However, the evening milk was more concentrated, with a significant increase in nonfat milk solids and density, as well as with a lower freezing point.
Conclusion. Zeboid cows, which can be bred in suboptimal conditions, produce milk suitable for dairy products since it has a high fat content regardless of lactation and milking time.
Flood risk assessment and flow modeling of the Stalos stream area
Authors: Goumas Christos , Trichakis Ioannis , Vozinaki Anthi-Irini , Karatzas George P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of the work performed in this paper was to implement flood risk assessment on the Stalos stream area, west of the city of Chania, Crete, Greece, utilizing two separate methods complementing each other. The first stage was a GIS-based approach, utilizing the ArcGIS software, by determining the crucial factors affecting flood risk, and subsequently scoring and combining the factors into a final raster, with each factor appropriately scored. The second stage involved the flow modeling of a stream located in the study area of Stalos, upon which a meteorological station was installed upstream, in addition to a radar flow meter downstream, at the stream's output to the sea. For the purposes of modeling, the MIKE HYDRO River software pack was utilized, in addition to the ArcGIS software for digitizing cross sections and editing the Digital Elevation Model of the area. From this methodology, the flood risk of the area was determined, and additionally, the low overflow risk of the stream was determined, as there was no point across the stream, where the water level in the stream reached dangerous levels, despite sustained heavy precipitation.