bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐scale analysis to understand and quantify the effects of photosynthetic enhancement on crop growth and yield across environments
Authors: Wu Alex , Brider Jason , Busch Florian A. , Chen Min , Chenu Karine , Clarke Victoria C. , Collins Brian , Ermakova Maria , Evans John R. , Farquhar Graham D. , Forster Britta , Furbank Robert T. , Groszmann Michael , Hernandez‐Prieto Miguel A. , Long Benedict M. , Mclean Greg , Potgieter Andries , Price G. Dean , Sharwood Robert E. , Stower Michael , van Oosterom Erik , von Caemmerer Susanne , Whitney Spencer M. , Hammer Graeme L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotosynthetic manipulation provides new opportunities for enhancing crop yield. However, understanding and quantifying the importance of individual and multiple manipulations on the seasonal biomass growth and yield performance of target crops across variable production environments is limited. Using a state‐of‐the‐art cross‐scale model in the APSIM platform we predicted the impact of altering photosynthesis on the enzyme‐limited (Ac) and electron transport‐limited (Aj) rates, seasonal dynamics in canopy photosynthesis, biomass growth, and yield formation via large multiyear‐by‐location crop growth simulations. A broad list of promising strategies to improve photosynthesis for C3 wheat and C4 sorghum were simulated. In the top decile of seasonal outcomes, yield gains were predicted to be modest, ranging between 0% and 8%, depending on the manipulation and crop type. We report how photosynthetic enhancement can affect the timing and severity of water and nitrogen stress on the growing crop, resulting in nonintuitive seasonal crop dynamics and yield outcomes. We predicted that strategies enhancing Ac alone generate more consistent but smaller yield gains across all water and nitrogen environments, Aj enhancement alone generates larger gains but is undesirable in more marginal environments. Large increases in both Ac and Aj generate the highest gains across all environments. Yield outcomes of the tested manipulation strategies were predicted and compared for realistic Australian wheat and sorghum production. This study uniquely unpacks complex cross‐scale interactions between photosynthesis and seasonal crop dynamics and improves understanding and quantification of the potential impact of photosynthesis traits (or lack of it) for crop improvement research.
Acute periapical abscesses in patients using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Rotstein Ilan , Katz Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsDepression and anxiety are severe health problems affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Consequently, the use of antidepressants has constantly been on a rise. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressant are now commonly used due to fewer side effects as compared to other types of antidepressants. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of periapical abscesses (PAs)in patients using SSRIs.Methods and ResultsIntegrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for SSRIs and acute PAs was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The different diagnoses were coded using the international coding systems ICD 10. Diagnosis was made by calibrated dentists in a hospital setting based on clinical examination and imaging data. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute PAs and its association with the use of SSRIs were calculated and analyzed statistically. It was found that the prevalence of acute PAs was significantly higher in patients using SSRIs as compared to the other hospital patient population. The OR was 2.8 and the difference between patients using SSRIs and patients who do not was statistically significant (p < .0001).ConclusionUnder the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of acute PAs is higher in patients using SSRIs.
Risk factors for corneal ulcers: a population-based matched case–control study in Nepal
Authors: Byanju Raghunandan , Kandel Ram Prasad , Poudyal Bimal , Bhandari Sadhan , Ligal Anju , Pradhan Sangita , Gautam Maria , Shrestha Puspa , Sah Ranjeet Kumar , Gonzales John A , Porco Travis C , Whitcher John P , Srinivasan Muthiah , Upadhyay Madan Prasad , Lietman Thomas M , Keenan Jeremy David , O'Brien Kieran S 
Published: October 2022

Background/aims
We aimed to examine risk factors for corneal ulcer in a rural and peri-urban setting in Nepal.

Methods
This population-based matched case–control study was nested in a cluster randomised trial in 24 village development committees in Nepal. Incidence density sampling was used to match incident corneal opacity cases to controls, matching on time of opacity, age, sex and location. Cases and controls were invited to participate in a survey of risk factors for corneal ulcer. Risk factors were evaluated using conditional logistic regression to account for matching.

Results
Of the 540 participants with incident opacities identified in the trial, 433 were willing to participate in this substudy and matched to a control. Compared with controls, cases had lower odds of having any education vs no education (adjusted OR, aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.94), working in non-manual labour occupations vs manual labour occupations (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.95) and preferring medical shops for ocular trauma versus eye care system centres (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92). Cases had higher odds of protective goggle use versus no protection (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.0) and having an ocular injury vs none (aOR 7.7, 95% CI 4.3 to 13.6) compared with controls.

Conclusion
We found ocular injury, manual labour and lower education to be strongly associated with the development of corneal ulcer. Given the persistent burden of corneal blindness in this area, prevention efforts could target efforts to increase access to care in areas where these factors are common.
Stenting versus medical treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a matched-control study
Authors: Raynald  , Yang Hongchao , Tong Xu , Huo Xiaochuan , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Lian , Sui Binbin , Qu Hui , Dong Kehui , Wang Yilong , Wang Shuran , Miao Zhongrong , Mo Dapeng 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThis prospective cohort study compared the outcomes of stenting and medical treatment for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and venous sinus stenosis (VSS).MethodsIn this single-center cohort study, patients with IIH and VSS were evaluated between January 2014 and December 2019 with follow-up periods of 1, 3, and 6 months. The patients received either stenting or medical treatment. The two groups underwent 1:1 matching using propensity score analysis, and the clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsFollowing 1:1 matching, 36 patients who underwent stenting and 36 who underwent medical treatment were matched. The median improvements in the papilledema Frisén grade were greater in the stenting group at 1 month (−2 vs 0), 3 months (−3 vs −1), and 6 months (−3 vs −1) than in the medical treatment group. Patients who received stenting treatment had a significantly higher prevalence of complete resolution of their respective symptoms (headache, tinnitus, or visual disturbances) at 3 months (58.3% vs 13.9%, OR 8.68, 95% CI 2.74 to 27.52) and 6 months (80.6% vs 22.2%, OR 14.50, 95% CI 4.64 to 45.32) than those receiving medical treatment.ConclusionsThis matched-control study shows that stenting has a greater efficacy rate and rapid resolution of papilledema and its respective symptoms compared with medical treatment.
Leadership practices and behaviours that enable and inhibit a continuous improvement culture in an NHS trust
Authors: Benjamin Claire , Chung Daisy 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHealthcare providers and systems globally are increasingly recognising the benefits of adopting continuous improvement methods to transform hospital services. Creating a continuous improvement culture relies on giving frontline staff the support and freedom to identify opportunities for positive, sustainable, change and the skills to enable action. This paper analyses the leadership behaviours and practices that support or inhibit the adoption of a continuous improvement culture, drawing on a qualitative evaluation within the outpatient directorate at one National Health Service (NHS) trust.ObjectiveIdentify key leadership behaviours and practices that enable and inhibit a continuous improvement culture in healthcare settings.MethodsResults from the 2020 NHS staff engagement survey informed the development of an original survey and interview protocol aimed at uncovering factors that enable or inhibit a continuous improvement culture in this directorate. All staff within the outpatient directorate at all NHS banding levels were invited to take part.Results44 members of staff took part: 13 members of staff were interviewed, and 31 members of staff completed a survey. Of the factors that are perceived to inhibit a continuous improvement culture, ‘Not feeling listened to or supported to find the right solution’ was the most frequently occurring theme. Conversely, the most common enabling factors were ‘leaders and staff solving problems together’ and ‘leaders making time to understand the challenges of their staff’. The findings suggest that the most important behavioural changes leaders can make are: proactively taking the time to listen to and understand the challenges staff face; and supporting them to find the root cause of problems.ConclusionContinuous improvement cultures depend on high staff engagement; leaders who show curiosity, invest time in listening, and act as partners in problem solving are more likely to elicit engagement and thereby enable a continuous improvement culture.
Cellular Landscapes of Nondiseased Human Cardiac Valves From End-Stage Heart Failure–Explanted Heart
Authors: Shu Songren , Fu Mengxia , Chen Xiao , Zhang Ningning , Zhao Ruojin , Chang Yuan , Cui Hao , Liu Zirui , Wang Xiaohu , Hua Xiumeng , Li Yuan , Wang Xin , Wang Xianqiang , Feng Wei , Song Jiangping 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Exploring the mechanisms of valvular heart disease at the cellular level may be useful to identify new therapeutic targets; however, the comprehensive cellular landscape of nondiseased human cardiac valve leaflets remains unclear.

Methods:
The cellular landscapes of nondiseased human cardiac valve leaflets (5 aortic valves, 5 pulmonary valves, 5 tricuspid valves, and 3 mitral valves) from end-stage heart failure patients undergoing heart transplantation were explored using single-cell RNA sequencing. Bioinformatics was used to identify the cell types, describe the cell functions, and investigate cellular developmental trajectories and interactions. Differences among the 4 types of cardiac valves at the cellular level were summarized. Pathological staining was performed to validate the key findings of single-cell RNA sequencing. An integrative analysis of our single-cell data and published genome-wide association study-based and bulk RNA sequencing-based data provided insights into the cell-specific contributions to calcific aortic valve diseases.

Results:
Six cell types were identified among 128 412 cells from nondiseased human cardiac valve leaflets. Valvular interstitial cells were the largest population, followed by myeloid cells, lymphocytes, valvular endothelial cells, mast cells, and myofibroblasts. The 4 types of cardiac valve had distinct cellular compositions. The intercellular communication analysis revealed that valvular interstitial cells were at the center of the communication network. The integrative analysis of our single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed key cellular subpopulations involved in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve diseases.

Conclusions:
The cellular landscape differed among the 4 types of nondiseased cardiac valve, which might explain their differences in susceptibility to pathological remodeling and valvular heart disease.
Embrace the Weirdness: Negotiating Values Inscribed into Music Technology
Authors: Lepri Giacomo , McPherson Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the ways specific hardware and software technologies influence the design of musical instruments. We present the outcomes of a compositional game in which music technologists created simple instruments using common sensors and the Pure Data programming language. We identify a clustering of stylistic approaches and design patterns, and we discuss these findings in light of the interactions suggested by the materials provided, as well as makers' technomusical backgrounds. We propose that the design of digital instruments entails a situated negotiation between designer and tools, wherein musicians react to suggestions offered by technology based on their previous experience. Likewise, digital tools themselves may have been designed through a similar situated negotiation, producing a recursive process through which musical values are transferred from the workbench to the instrument. Instead of searching for ostensibly neutral and all-powerful technologies, we might instead embrace and even emphasize the embedded values of our tools, acknowledging their influence on the design of new musical artifacts.
Humanitarian Objects for COVID-19: Face Masks and Shields in the Philippines
Authors: Lim Mathea Melissa , Grayman Jesse Hession 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Focusing on the Philippines’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this article examines two key objects used to mitigate the widespread transmission of the virus. To answer the research question, “What is the meaning of face masks and shields in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic?” a patchwork ethnography research method was used to triangulate data from a variety of sources, including academic scholarship, mass media, grey literature, and personal experience. Using Tom Scott-Smith’s theoretical interpretation of Karl Marx’s “commodity fetishism” as a framework, the article traces the concealment, transformation, and mystification of face masks and face shields as humanitarian objects , and explores the social, political, and cultural role they play in the lives of Filipinos during the COVID-19 era.
Camouflage in the Streets: Emergency Powers, the Military, and the Philippines’ COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Authors: Hall Rosalie Arcala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With emergency powers, President Rodrigo Duterte mobilized and deployed military and police to enforce lockdown measures in Metro Manila and Cebu City. For several months in 2020, the deployed forces ran quarantine control points in borders and city wards, and enforced curfew and liquor bans. This article examines how said deployment affected civilian control by the President and local civil-military dynamics. The heightened visibility of uniformed personnel in these urban spaces, and subsequent arrests and detention of quarantine violators came under heavy criticism. Against the backdrop of ex-military dominated national Inter Agency Task Force for Infectious Diseases (IATF), the militarized lockdown failed to stem the virus’ spread and expanded the military’s reach into civilian domain. Its involvement in law enforcement operations alongside the police poses dangers to local civil-military balance and to democracy. President Duterte’s reliance on the state’s coercive apparatus to carry out the pandemic response enabled him to assert control over local governments and to repress dissent.
Strong-Arming, Weak Steering: Central-Local Relations in the Philippines in the Era of the Pandemic
Authors: Hutchcroft Paul D. , Gera Weena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines central-local dynamics in the Philippines in the era of the pandemic, demonstrating that the national government has not provided the type of “central steering” necessary to confront a foe as tenacious as COVID-19. Instead, there is another type of power that emanates from the center – namely the strong-arming of local politicians by President Rodrigo Duterte. While this form of power may help conceal the government’s “weak steering,” and make the president appear to be in control, it does not produce the quality of national-subnational coordination required for effective pandemic response. It is an escalation of Duterte’s earlier approaches, from 2016 to 2019, albeit no longer accompanied with rhetoric supporting local autonomy. Through examination of key elements of the government’s pandemic response, we advance our core argument: strong-arming is no substitute for effective central steering – whether in responding to this crisis or to other crises that may emerge in the future.
Visions and Virtues: The Minhāj al-Tarbiya of the ṭarīqa Karkariyya
Authors: Thibdeau John C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Founded in 2006 by Shaykh Muḥammad Fawzī al-Karkarī as a new branch of the Shādhiliyya, the Karkariyya have grown as an international Sufi order that is distinguished by their multi-colored patchwork robes called the muraqqaʿa and their publication of video testimonials describing experience during spiritual retreats (khalwa). This article examines these practices using ethnographic and textual sources to demonstrate how they are situated within a curriculum of ethical education (minhāj al-tarbiya) aimed at the cultivation of virtuous piety (iḥsān). I show that this ethical education is integral to a program of learning to see (tanwīr) that culminates in visionary experiences (mushāhadāt) and analyze the conceptual dimensions of those visions. In demonstrating the link between tarbiya and tanwīr in the minhāj of the Karkariyya I aim to consider Sufism as a practical ethical tradition linked to philosophical ethics (akhlāq) and proper conduct and comportment (adab).
Tadhkira-yi Ṭāhir Īshān: A Neglected Source on the History of the Naqshbandī Sufi Tradition in Central Asia
Authors: Shanazarova Aziza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study is intended to introduce and explore a hagiographical compendium known as the Tadhkira-yi Ṭāhir Īshān which was compiled in the middle of the eighteenth century in Khwarazm and Bukhara. Although this work has drawn minimal scholarly attention, it is a critical text for understanding the Naqshbandī history in Central Asia prior to the transformation of the local Sufi communities in the wake of the arrival of the Naqshbandī-Mujaddidī groups in the region.
Breakdown of a Nocturnal Inversion Measured with a Low-Cost Tethersonde System: A High School Student Experiment
Authors: Whiteman David N. , Boateng Kofi , Harbison Sara , Oke Hadijat , Rappaport Audrey , Watson Monique , Ajayi Ayomiposi , Okunuga Oluwafisayo , Forno Ricardo , Andrade Marcos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the past 4 years, four different cohorts of students from the Science and Technology program at Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Greenbelt, Maryland, have performed their senior research projects at the Howard University Beltsville Research Campus in Beltsville, Maryland. The projects have focused generally on the testing and correction of low-cost sensors and development of instrumentation for use in profiling the lower atmosphere. Specifically, we have developed a low-cost tethersonde system and used it to carry aloft a low-cost instrument that measures particulate matter (PM) as well as a standard radiosonde measuring temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The low-cost PM sensor was found to provide artificially high values of PM under conditions of elevated relative humidity, likely due to the presence of hygroscopic aerosols. Reference measurements of PM were used to develop a correction technique for the low-cost PM sensor. Profiling measurements of temperature and PM during the breakdown of a nocturnal inversion were performed using the tethersonde system on 30 August 2019. The evolution of temperature during the breakdown of the inversion was studied and compared with model forecasts. The attempt to measure PM during the tethersonde experiment was not successful, we believe, due to the packaging of the low-cost sensor. Future cohorts of students from Eleanor Roosevelt High School students will work on improving the instrumentation and measurements shown here as we continue the collaboration between the Howard University Beltsville Campus and the local school system.
Cloud Climatologies from Global Climate Models—A Comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models with Satellite Data
Authors: Lauer Axel , Bock Lisa , Hassler Birgit , Schröder Marc , Stengel Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Simulating clouds with global climate models is challenging as the relevant physics involves many nonlinear processes covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. As key components of the hydrological cycle and the climate system, an evaluation of clouds from models used for climate projections is an important prerequisite for assessing the confidence in the results from these models. Here, we compare output from models contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) with satellite data and with results from their predecessors (CMIP5). We use multiproduct reference datasets to estimate the observational uncertainties associated with different sensors and with internal variability on a per-pixel basis. Selected cloud properties are also analyzed by region and by dynamical regime and thermodynamic conditions. Our results show that for parameters such as total cloud cover, cloud water path, and cloud radiative effect, the CMIP6 multimodel mean performs slightly better than the CMIP5 ensemble mean in terms of mean bias, pattern correlation, and relative root-mean square deviation. The intermodel spread in CMIP6, however, is not reduced compared to CMIP5. Compared with CALIPSO-ICECLOUD data, the CMIP5/6 models overestimate cloud ice, particularly in the lower and middle troposphere, partly due to too high ice fractions for given temperatures. This bias is reduced in the CMIP6 multimodel mean. While many known biases such as an underestimation in cloud cover in stratocumulus regions remain in CMIP6, we find that the CMIP5 problem of too few but too reflective clouds over the Southern Ocean is significantly improved.