bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with human Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in twelve remote villages of Ranomafana rainforest, Madagascar
Authors: Rahantamalala Anjanirina , Rakotoarison Rado Lalaina , Rakotomalala Emma , Rakotondrazaka Mahenintsoa , Kiernan Jaydon , Castle Paul M. , Hakami Lee , Choi Koeun , Rafalimanantsoa Armand Solofoniaina , Harimanana Aina , Wright Patricia , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Schoenhals Matthieu , Small Peter M. , Marcos Luis A. , Vigan-Womas Inès 
Published: April 2022

Background
Infections with the tapeworm Taenia solium (taeniosis and cysticercosis) are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) highly endemic in Madagascar. These infections are however underdiagnosed, underreported and their burden at the community level remains unknown especially in rural remote settings. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of T. solium infections and associated risk factors in twelve remote villages surrounding Ranomafana National Park (RNP), Ifanadiana District, Madagascar.

Methodology
A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2016. Stool and serum samples were collected from participants. Tapeworm carriers were identified by stool examination. Taenia species and T. solium genotypes were characterised by PCR and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Detection of specific anti-cysticercal antibodies (IgG) or circulating cysticercal antigens was performed by ELISA or EITB/Western blot assays.

Principal findings
Of the 459 participants with paired stool and blood samples included ten participants from seven distinct villages harbored Taenia spp. eggs in their stools samples DNA sequencing of the cox1 gene revealed a majority of T. solium Asian genotype (9/10) carriage. The overall seroprevalences of anti-cysticercal IgGs detected by ELISA and EITB were quite similar (27.5% and 29.8% respectively). A prevalence rate of 12.4% of circulating cysticercal antigens was observed reflecting cysticercosis with viable cysts. Open defecation (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.3) and promiscuity with households of more than 4 people (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1) seem to be the main risk factors associated with anticysticercal antibodies detection. Being over 15 years of age would be a risk factor associated with an active cysticercosis (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.7). Females (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) and use of river as house water source (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–1.5) were less likely to have cysticercosis with viable cysts.

Conclusions/Significance
This study indicates a high exposure of the investigated population to T. solium infections with a high prevalence of cysticercosis with viable cysts. These data can be useful to strengthen public health interventions in these remote settings.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of HIV infections in a representative transgender and non-binary population in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium): Protocol for a community-based, cross-sectional study using time-location sampling
Authors: De Brier Niels , Van Schuylenbergh Judith , Van Remoortel Hans , Van den Bossche Dorien , Fieuws Steffen , Molenberghs Geert , De Buck Emmy , T’Sjoen Guy , Compernolle Veerle , Platteau Tom , Motmans Joz 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
HIV prevalence and sexual risk have been estimated very high for transgender people. However, the limited sampling and data collection methods used in current research on transgender people potentially led to overrepresentation and generalisation of people at risk for HIV. Current HIV prevalence estimates in transgender populations are generalised from studies mainly focusing on transgender women engaging in sex work. Moreover, studies focusing on non-binary people, who identify with a broad range of identities beyond the traditional male and female gender identities, are scarce.

Objectives
To estimate the HIV prevalence rate in the Flemish and Brussels (Belgium) transgender population, including transgender women, transgender men and non-binary people, and to identify the associated risk factors.

Methods
In this community-based cross-sectional study, self-identified transgender and non-binary (TGNB) people will be recruited through a two-stage time-location sampling approach. First, community settings in which TGNB people gather will be mapped to develop an accurate sampling frame. Secondly, a multistage sampling design is applied involving a stratification based on setting type (healthcare facilities vs outreach events), a selection of clusters by systematic sampling and a simple random selection of TGNB people within each cluster. Participants will complete an electronic self-reported survey to measure sociological, sexual and drug-using behaviors (risk factors) and oral fluid aliquots will be collected and tested for HIV antibodies. Logistic regression models will be used to evaluate risk factors independently associated with HIV infection. The presented study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04930614).

Discussion
This study will be the first to investigate the HIV prevalence rates and associated risk behaviors in an accurate representation of the TGNB population in a Western European country. The findings will globally serve as a knowledge base for identifying subgroups at risk for becoming infected with HIV within TGNB people and to set up targeted prevention programs.
Longitudinal mediation analysis of the factors associated with trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among postpartum women in Northwest Ethiopia: Application of the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method
Authors: Malaju Marelign Tilahun , Alene Getu Degu , Bisetegn Telake Azale 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
In recent years, literatures identified childbirth as a potentially traumatic experience resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with 19.7 to 45.5% of women perceiving their childbirth as traumatic. A substantial variation in PTSD symptoms has been also indicated among women who experience a traumatic childbirth. However, there has been no research that has systematically investigated these patterns and their underlying determinants in postpartum women in Ethiopia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the trajectories of PTSD symptoms and mediating relationships of variables associated with it among postpartum women in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A total of 775 women were recruited after childbirth and were followed at the 6th, 12th and 18th week of postpartum period during October, 2020 –March, 2021. A group-based trajectory modeling and mediation analysis using KHB method were carried out using Stata version 16 software in order to determine the trajectories of PTSD symptoms and mediation percentage of each mediator on the trajectories of PTSD symptoms.

Results
Four distinct trajectories of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were identified. Perceived traumatic childbirth, fear of childbirth, depression, anxiety, psychological violence, higher WHODAS 2.0 total score, multigravidity, stressful life events of health risk, relational problems and income instability were found to be predictors of PTSD with recovery and chronic PTSD trajectory group membership. Depression and anxiety not only were strongly related to trajectories of PTSD symptoms directly but also mediated much of the effect of the other factors on trajectories of PTSD symptoms. In contrast, multiparity and higher mental quality of life scores were protective of belonging to the PTSD with recovery and chronic PTSD trajectory group membership.

Conclusion
Women with symptoms of depression, anxiety, fear of childbirth and perceived traumatic childbirth were at increased risk of belonging to recovered and chronic PTSD trajectories. Postnatal screening and treatment of depression and anxiety may contribute to decrease PTSD symptoms of women in the postpartum period. Providing adequate information about birth procedures and response to mothers’ needs during childbirth and training of health care providers to be mindful of factors that contribute to negative appraisals of childbirth are essential to reduce fear of childbirth and traumatic childbirth so as to prevent PTSD symptoms in the postpartum period.
Retrospective analysis of adjuvant radiotherapy in oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer: Feasibility of omitting lower-neck irradiation
Authors: Ho Sheng-Yow , Kao Wan-Chen , Hsiao Sheng-Yen , Chiu Sheng-Fu , Lee Sung-Wei , Chen Jia-Chun , Shieh Li-Tsun 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced head and neck cancers. The radiation field is correlated with the surgical field in the adjuvant radiotherapy setting; therefore, tailoring the irradiation field is reasonable.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers included in the cancer registry between 2015 and 2019 in the study hospital. Patients who underwent whole-neck irradiation (WNI) were compared with those who underwent lower-neck–sparing (LNS) irradiation.

Results
A total of 167 patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers were included in the study. Cancer recurrence was recorded in 33% of the patients. The rate of recurrence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer at neck level IV was 8%. The 2-year incidence of level IV recurrence was lower in the WNI group than in the LNS group (2% vs. 10%; p = 0.04). The 2-year disease-free survival rates were 75% and 63% in the WNI and LNS groups, respectively (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
The rate of level IV recurrence was higher in the LNS group than in the WNI group. Trends of improvement in disease-free survival with lower-neck irradiation suggested that it is premature to consider LNS irradiation as daily practice in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer.
Experimental swine models for perforator flap dissection in reconstructive microsurgery
Authors: Nistor Alexandru , Jiga Lucian P. , Miclaus Gratian D. , Hoinoiu Bogdan , Matusz Petru , Ionac Mihai E. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Perforator flaps account for a fraction of reconstructive procedures despite their growing popularity. Specific microsurgical skills are required for successful harvesting of perforator flaps, which are difficult to attain through direct operating room training. Cadaver and small animal dissection cannot simulate human perforator dissection, lacking either bleeding and vessel feedback or providing too small calibers. Thus, we have developed and refined over the last ten years five perforator flaps models in living pig, described their harvesting technique and provided evidence for their effectiveness as perforator flap training models.

Method
CT angiography data from ten living pigs was used for detailed examination of the integument’s vascular anatomy. Microsurgical techniques were used to standardize and harvest the perforator flaps in acute models. The same operator-assistant team, with no prior perforator flap harvesting experience, raised all flaps in a sequential manner, one animal per day, during a 7 weeks timespan. Porcine flaps were compared to human counterparts in terms of vessel caliber, dissection times. Immediate flap survival was measured as duration of perforator pulsation after completion of flap harvesting, measured every 10 minutes for up to two hours.

Results
Five perforator flaps were standardized, based on the deep cranial epigastric, thoracodorsal, lateral intercostal, cranial gluteal and dorsal cervical arteries and the operative technique was described in detail. Mean pig perforator size was 1.24±0.36 mm and mean pedicle diameter was 2.78±0.8 mm, which matched closely the human calibers for each flap. Total harvesting time increased 22.4% between the first two experiments due to a more cautious approach following the lack of perforator pulsation in all flaps in the first experimental animal. A total decrease of 44.4% harvesting time between second and last experiment was observed, as expected with all repetitive surgical procedures. Post-operative perforator pulsation time revealed a steep learning curve, with no or short-term pulsatile perforators in the first five pigs, followed by a 275% increase in total perforator pulsation time between 5th and 6th experimental animal. Based on these findings we provide a description of the most common mistakes, their consequences and gestures which can be trained using the pig perforator flaps, in order to overcome these mistakes.

Conclusion
These five pig perforator flap models provide a fast and efficient learning tool to develop perforator flap harvesting skills safely. Surgical training using these five experimental models offers a similar hands-on perforator flap dissection experience as with human tissue, based on the similar sized calibers of both perforators and pedicles with their human counterparts.
The Characteristic Behaviour of the Stretch-Orientation Zone during High-Speed PET Spinning**
Authors: Wu Jialin , Guan Diaosheng , Quian Baojun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A theory is proposed to separate the on-line stress in the stretch-orientation zone during high speed PET spinning into two parts: the thermodynamically equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium stress associated with rubber elasticity and the non-equilibrium driving stress, which leads to coordinated orientation of the macromolecular chains. Precise and simultaneous measurements of the online spinning parameters at five spinning speeds, ranging from 2200 to 4200 m/min, were conducted. A physical model consisting of a dashpot placed in parallel with a Gaussian network was found to describe well the behaviour of the stretch-orientation zone of high speed PET spinning.
The Modelling of Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding
Authors: Gauvin R. , Chibani M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The resin transfer moulding process (RTM) allows the industrial production of large FRP parts. In this technique layers of reinforcements (mats, woven rovings) are inserted into the mold cavity and resin is injected to fill the closed mold applying external pressure. Due to the strong interdependence between mold design, filling behavior and part quality it is most important to control the cavity pressure as the major influencing process parameter. A simple model is proposed to represent the pressure distribution during mold filling. It is based on Darcy’s law for flow of liquids through a porous media and can be applied to single type or combinations of different reinforcements.
Embedded system design for classification of COPD and pneumonia patients by lung sound analysis
Authors: Hassan Naqvi Syed Zohaib , Choudhry Mohmmad Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia are lethal pulmonary illnesses with equivocal nature of abnormal pulmonic acoustics. Using lung sound signals, the classification of pulmonary abnormalities is a difficult task. A standalone system was conceived for screening COPD and Pneumonia patients through signal processing and machine learning methodologies. The proposed system will assist practitioners and pulmonologists in the accurate classification of disease. In this research work, ICBHI’s and self-collected lung sound (LS) databases are used to investigate COPD and pneumonia patient. In this scheme, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques are employed for segmentation, noise elimination, and feature selection, respectively. To overcome the inherent limitation of ICBHI’s LS database, the adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) sampling technique is used to eradicate class imbalance. Lung sound features are used to train fine Gaussian support vector machine (FG-SVM) for classification of COPD, pneumonia, and heathy healthy subjects. This machine learning scheme is implemented on low cost and portable Raspberry pi 3 model B+ (Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz through hardware-supported language. Resultant hardware is capable of screening COPD and pneumonia patients accurately and assist health professionals.
Allegorie und Lob der Physik: Das Proömium der Paraphrase des Theodoros Metochites zu naturwissenschaftlichen Schriften des Aristoteles
Authors: Kermanidis Markos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present paper undertakes a hermeneutic analysis of the hitherto little investigated preface of Theodore Metochites᾽ Paraphrase of the natural scientific works of Aristotle. Based on a problematic quotation at the very beginning of the proem, the article shows that paraphrase does not only mean, for Metochites, the language-specific clarification of the obscure Aristotelian texts but mainly the elucidation and simplification of the relationship of physics to the rest of the philosophical curriculum, as well as of the interconnection between Aristotle‘s separate treatises of natural sciences. The preface proves to be an indirect, i.e. encoded testimony for the exegetical competition of Theodore Metochites with his coeval George Pachymeres and the most prominent ancient paraphraser of Aristotle, namely Themistius (4th century CE).
Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Pirvu Lucia , Stefaniu Amalia , Neagu Georgeta , Pintilie Lucia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, two polar extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) from the aerial part of Anemone nemorosa L. (dried plant) were assessed to reveal their polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 (ATCC-HTB-37) cell line. In silico studies on two key compounds, protoanemonin and anemonin, on four molecular targets – cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, and human tankyrase 1 and human tankyrase 2 in relation to human colon cancer cell development have also been achieved. The results are as follows: caffeic acid esters and quercetin glycosides, including (iso)rhamnetin derivates, are the major polyphenol compounds in wood anemone polar extracts; the two polar extracts indicated very strong antioxidant activity in the interval from 0.1 to 5 µg [GAE] per 1 mL sample (IC50 < 0.290 µg GAE/mL), and in vitro studies on Caco-2 cells have revealed their simultaneous stimulatory and protective activity exactly in the concentration area with the strongest antioxidant activity. In silico studies have revealed moderate inhibitory activity of the two key compounds, anemonin and protoanemonin, on the four molecular targets studied; it was concluded having particular benefits of the wood anemone polar extracts in managing postoperative intestinal recovery, and generally in regenerative medicine.
High-efficiency, environment-friendly moss-enriched microbial fuel cell
Authors: Çek Nurettin , Erensoy Ahmet , Ak Namık , Demirbas Ayhan , Gorgulu Ahmet Orhan , Uslu Hasan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be used to produce clean energy from organic wastes. Various biomasses for MFCs can be used as biofuel materials. Moss (Bryophyta) is a source of biomass materials and can be used as an alternative fuel for microbial fuel cells. In this study, moss-enriched MFCs were produced by using moss as a biofuel source and aluminum and silver as an electrode. As a result of the good electrochemical performance of the metal electrodes (aluminum and silver), higher power density than previous studies involving moss was obtained, with the highest power density in this study being 20 mW/m2. Moreover, in this study, bacterial activity, biofilm formation, soil utilization, pH change, and corrosion were investigated in MFCs and the effects of MFC on power density were discussed. The addition of soil increased the corrosion rate and internal resistance while reducing the power density. As a result of the addition of soil, the power density dropped to 16.13 mW/m2. The corrosion rate was lower than industrial corrosion. Changes in pH confirmed that organic material dissolved and chemical reactions took place. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)-Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyzes showed the presence of Bacillus and Coccus bacteria species on the electrode surfaces. These bacteria were acted as biocatalysts by forming a biofilm on the electrode surfaces.
Effects of zinc chloride impregnation states on specific surface and dielectric properties of activated carbons
Authors: Tang Shu Hui , Lee Lin Zhi , Andrew Vanissa Sandra , Mohd Akhmar Aiman Rashidi , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present work was aimed at evaluating the roles of zinc chloride impregnation states on specific surface and dielectric properties in microwave-assisted activated carbon preparation. Activated carbons were synthesized using castor shell at dry impregnation ratios of 1 and 2 (material-to-activator), and in suspensions of distilled water and zinc chloride, at power intensity of 800 W and irradiation time of 5 min. The activated carbons exhibit an improvement in dielectric properties and specific surface with increasing impregnation ratio. Palm kernel shell was employed for comparison to verify the effect of power intensity. At 800 W, the magnitudes of surface area are 1684 m2/g and 1150 m2/g for castor shell- and palm kernel shell-based activated carbons, respectively. A high specific surface brings about a greater methylene blue adsorption for possible applications in wastewater treatment.
An implication of magnetic dipole in Carreau Yasuda liquid influenced by engine oil using ternary hybrid nanomaterial
Authors: Wang Fuzhang , Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , El-Zahar Essam R. , Park Choonkil , Jabbar Noman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the enhancement of thermal transportation in Carreau Yasuda liquid passed over a vertical surface in the presence of magnetic dipole. A mixture of tri-hybrid nanoparticles

(Al

2

O

3

,

MoS

3

, TiO

3

)

{\text{(Al}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}\text{,}\hspace{.25em}{\text{MoS}}_{3}{\text{, TiO}}_{3}\text{)}

is inserted into the Carreau Yasuda liquid. The transport phenomenon of heat is derived in the presence of heat source/sink contribution. The concept boundary layer theory is engaged to derive the mathematical expression for momentum and energy in the form of coupled partial differential equations. The derivations are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of suitable similarity transformation. These converted ODEs have been handled numerically via finite element method. The grid-independent analysis is established for 300 elements. The impact of numerous involved parameters on temperature and velocity solution is plotted and their contribution is recorded. Temperature profile is inclined versus the higher values of heat generation and viscous dissipation numbers while thermal layers are also increasing the behavior. A vital role of magnetic dipole is examined to raise the production of thermal layers but declination is noticed in flow profile.