bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus sorption characteristics as influenced by major soil units in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Lambano Befekadu G/Hanna , Beyene Sheleme , Abera Girma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited soil nutrients in the soil are threat in crop production in Ethiopian soil. Low availability of phosphorus (P) is one amongst the most important crop yield‐limiting problems among the various reasons limiting P availability in tropical soils, P sorption is that the major one.AimTherefore, this study was done to identify P sorption characteristics of andosols, vertisols, and nitisols in Tachegnawgimbicho, Taba, and DelboAtwaro study sites in southern Ethiopia.MethodsAdsorption isotherms experiment was done using Langmuir and Freundlich models to spot the character of soils in their capability on P sorption and causation and to explain P sorption as influenced by the associated soil properties using SAS version 9.00.ResultsThe P sorption maxima (Xm) of andosols, vertisols, and nitisols were found to be 965, 810, and 706 μg g−1, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH was negatively and significantly correlated with Xm (R2 = −0.88). The Langmuir affinity constant “k” was positively and significantly correlated (R2 = 0.981) with maximum phosphorus buffering capacity (MPBC) indicating bonding energy constant is a component of buffering capacity of soils. The Langmuir equation correlated significantly with P sorption maximum “b” and binding energy “k” indicating both parameters can be used for evaluating P sorption characteristics of the soils.ConclusionIn this finding, the path analysis coefficient revealed that clay and pH had direct effects on P sorption parameters. Sorption capacity is high in andosols followed by nitisols and vertisols. Andosols require more P fertilizer to maintain optimum P concentration in soil solution for crop growth as compared with nitisols and vertisols.
Digital future of luxury brands: Metaverse, digital fashion, and non‐fungible tokens
Authors: Joy Annamma , Zhu Ying , Peña Camilo , Brouard Myriam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeading luxury brands have incorporated technologies to recreate brand images and reinvent consumer experience. The fashion industry is experiencing a historic transformation thanks to emerging technologies such as blockchain and non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) along with impactful technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and virtual reality (VR). With metaverse as a new social platform around the corner, academics and industry alike are querying how these new technologies might reshape luxury brands, reinvent consumer experience, and alter consumer behavior. This research charts new academic territory by investigating how newly evolved technologies affect the fashion industry. With practical examples of luxury brands, this article has theorized the irreversible trend of digital fashion: the attraction of NFT collectibles. It then proposes intriguing questions for scholars and practitioners to ponder, such as will young consumers, essentially living online, buy more fashion products in the digital world than in the real world? How can the fashion industry strategize for the coexistence of digital collections and physical goods?
Targeted isolation of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from Saxifraga atrata and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Fang Yan , Dawa Yangzom , Wang Qilan , Lv Yue , Yu Wei , Li Gang , Dang Jun 
Published: May 2022

Saxifraga atrata is an important traditional Tibetan medicine used to treat cough and pneumonia, and has tremendous medicinal potential. In this study, we devised a technique to separate 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from a methanol extract of S. atrata. The material was first processed using MCI GEL CHP20P medium‐pressure liquid chromatography, yielding 1.1 g of the target fraction Fr2. Subsequently, online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay was used to identify prospective 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors, and two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitor fractions (Fr24 and Fr25) were identified from Fr2. Then, medium‐pressure preparation was continued using an XIon column to separate two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitor fractions (Fr24 and Fr25). The target compound was concentrated in fractions Fr24 and Fr25 using reverse‐phase liquid chromatography during further separation procedures. Finally, the purity, structure, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity of the isolated 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors were determined. Two 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors (adenosine with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 66.87 ± 14.33 μM and (‐)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐l‐threonic acid with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 59.06 ± 5.02 μM) were isolated with purities exceeding 95%. The results showed that this technology is effective in the targeted separation of antioxidants from natural products.
Exploring the optimal grazing intensity in desert steppe based on soil nematode community and function
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Han Chaowei , Huang Jing , Liu Ziying , Zhang Li , Zhang Guogang , Jia Meiqing , Li Xiaodan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrazing is a key regulator of the biodiversity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia and has important ecological significance for the sustainable development of underground ecosystems. In a 14‐year grazing intensity experiment, we systematically explored the changes in soil nematode communities in desert steppe soils and comprehensively evaluated the optimal grazing intensity for the sustainability of the desert steppe underground ecosystem. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we analyzed the soil nematode communities and their relationships with environmental factors. The 14‐year grazing experiment revealed a significant impact on the diversity and composition of the soil nematode community in the surface layer (0–10 cm) and on the soil nematode community in the whole soil layer (0–20 cm). Based on LEfSe multilevel discriminant analysis, we found that the relative abundances of Acrobeles, Cephalobus, Filenchus, Aphelenchus, Longidorella, Amplimerlinius, Aporcelaimellus, Acrobeloides, Dorylaimellus, Hemicycliophora, Thonus, Alaimus, and Oxydirus changed significantly under different grazing treatments. Considering the number and function of soil nematode communities, long‐term light grazing was found to significantly promote an increase in soil nematode diversity and helped maintain soil nematode community stability. We determined that the most suitable grazing intensity for the sustainability of the soil underground ecosystem of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is light grazing (0.91 sheep hm‐2 0.5 yr‐1). We have, thus, provided a tool for determining and evaluating optimal grazing intensities for sustainable soil underground ecosystems.
Subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching strengthened soil organic carbon by altering saline soil aggregate structure and regulating the fungal community
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Pang Huancheng , Song Jiashen , Chang Fangdi , Wang Jing , Wang Xiquan , Zhang Yitao , Peixoto Leanne , Li Yuyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching is a novel strategy for saline soil improvement and utilization in China. However, little is known about how this strategy impacts soil organic carbon (SOC) both directly (carbon input) and indirectly (soil aggregates protection and microbial regulation). Therefore, a field experiment was arranged and sampled after 3 years, including four treatments, i.e., no ameliorant with and without polyethylene mulching, and subsurface (10–30 cm soil depth) organic ameliorant with and without polyethylene mulching. Subsurface organic ameliorant raised the SOC content in the 0–40 cm by 70% and 90% with and without mulching, respectively. Subsurface organic ameliorant converted the major aggregation size from <0.053 to 0.25–2 mm, indicating that both direct carbon (C) input and indirect soil aggregates protection contributed to the increase in SOC content. In contrast, polyethylene mulching reduced the SOC content by 16% and 6% with and without organic ameliorant respectively. This was due to lower fungal diversity by 9%–14% and supported by the positive effect from fungal diversity to SOC. Further, the subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching increased SOC by 61% through direct C input, indirect soil aggregates protection and microbial regulation. Meanwhile, the contribution of physical protection standardized total effect (STE) = 0.223–0.294] was higher than microbial regulation (STE = 0.040–0.162) according to a structural equation model. Consequently, subsurface organic ameliorant plus polyethylene mulching represents a feasible agricultural practice to increase the SOC content for saline soil amelioration.
Soil nutrient cycling and bacterial community structure in response to various green manures in a successive Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis) plantation
Authors: Qian Zhuangzhuang , Zhu Kongxin , Zhuang Shunyao , Tang Luozhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuccessive cultivation of short‐rotation eucalyptus plantations often cause serious decline in soil quality in China, which limits sustainable production. Green manure application is a potential strategy for improving soil fertility while ensuring ecological sustainability. Nevertheless, the impacts of various green manure species on soil quality in eucalyptus plantations remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated how soil nutrient cycling and bacterial communities respond to various green manure species (Legume and Gramineae), namely Tephrosia candida, Sesbania cannabina, Lolium perenne, and Pennisetum purpureum (PP). A batch experiment was conducted using eucalyptus plantation (E. urophylla × E. grandis) soil mixed with green manures for 60 days. According to the results, the PP treatment had the highest soil respiration rate among the five treatments, suggesting that PP application had the optimal effects on soil organic matter and residue decomposition. Furthermore, applying green manure increased bacterial diversity significantly when compared to CK (soil without green manure). Among the treatments, the PP treatment increased bacterial functional groups associated with the nitrogen cycle significantly, which result in rapid nutrient turnover. The rapid decomposition under PP may be responsible for the structural and functional changes in bacterial communities. Overall, the PP green manure is the optimal amendment for rapid nutrient supply in degraded eucalyptus plantations over the short term. Our results could facilitate sustainable management of successive eucalyptus plantations; nevertheless, extra investigations are needed to verify the long‐term impacts of PP green manure in the field.
Intergranular corrosion effect on fatigue behavior of dissimilar 6005A‐5083 aluminum alloys weld joints
Authors: Zhao Heng , Li Mengjia , Wang Xiangdong , Shi Yunjia , Chang Yongpeng , Zhang Guopeng , Cai Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of the intergranular corrosion (IGC) defect depth on the high circle fatigue performance of tungsten inert gas (TIG)‐welded joints of 6005A–5083 dissimilar aluminum alloys were investigated. After soaking in different IGC solutions for 72 h, corrosion defects of different depths were generated in various areas of the specimen surfaces. It was found that the 5083 base metal exhibited the poorest corrosion resistance, while the welded metal displayed the best corrosion resistance. Fatigue tests carried out after precorrosion revealed that when the IGC depth was shallow, the weld defects on the weld metal were the main source of cracking for fatigue extension. However, when the IGC depth in the 5083 base metal was >248 μm, the corrosion defect acted as the origin of the fatigue crack, and the fatigue life of the sample was significantly reduced. This was attributed mainly to the local high‐stress field at the tip of the corrosion defect. Finally, a corrosion fatigue crack expansion model was established to analyze the influence of the corrosion defect depth on the fatigue lives of welded joints.
Impact of social norms and joint influences of social connection and self‐sufficiency motivations on prosocial budgeting
Authors: Lin Chien‐Wei (Wilson) , Desai Kalpesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current research reports results of seven studies that reveal how social norms information about people's spending on others makes one notice one's imbalanced (or lower) spending on others and feel unhappy about it. This motivates the consumer to undertake the corrective action of budgeting to spend more on others which then enhances happiness with her/his budgeting decision. These effects are stronger for time than for money and the mechanism underlying the corrective action is through the joint influences of social connection and self‐sufficiency motivations. Increasing saliency of the opportunity cost of time creates a boundary condition for the above effects and power in relationships moderates the imbalanced spending of time (vs. money) effect. These findings contribute to the literatures of social norms and time versus money by suggesting that social comparison can also influence prosocial budgeting to spend time and money on others. Managerially, peer‐to‐peer payment fintech companies, which have data about prosocial spending, can partner with restaurants and food delivery companies and with charitable institutions, to target messages to the customers of fintech companies urging them to use coupons to eat out with friends and to contribute to charitable causes.
Anion‐Doped Thickness‐Insensitive Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zixian , Tang Haoran , Feng Hexiang , Tan Ching‐Hong , Liang Youcai , Hu Zhicheng , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn organic solar cells, interfacial materials play essential roles in charge extraction, transportation, and collection. Currently, highly efficient and thickness‐insensitive interfacial materials are urgently needed in printable large area module devices. Herein, water/alcohol‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFNBT‐Br, with medium bandgap based on benzothiadiazole, are doped by two alkali metal sodium salts, NaH2PO2, Na2C2O4 with different counter anions, to pursue high efficiency and thickness‐insensitive electron‐transport layers. Results show that the doping of electron‐transport material can effectively promote the performance of the devices. Moreover, electron‐transport layers doped by these salts with different counter anions show different behaviors in performances. Among which, the salt with oxalate anion C2O42− (also named Ox2−) shows much better device performance than the salt with hypophosphite anion (H2PO2−), especially under the thick film condition (e.g., 50 nm). The greatly enhanced performances of interfacial material doped by Ox2− are due to reduced series resistance between the active layer material and the electrode, reduced dark‐current, improved charge transport, and extraction efficiency, and decreased charge recombination for the devices at thick‐film condition. These results demonstrated that n‐doping could be a great potential strategy for making thickness‐insensitive interfacial layers, besides, the performances can be further improved by carefully selecting salts.
Survival analyses from the CENTAUR trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Evaluating the impact of treatment crossover on outcomes
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Watkins Claire , Cawson Matthew , Hendrix Suzanne , Dickson Samuel P. , Knowlton Newman , Timmons Jamie , Manuel Machelle , Cudkowicz Merit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsTrials incorporating placebo‐to‐active treatment crossover are encouraged in fatal conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but may underestimate active treatment survival benefit. Here, we apply methods for modeling survival without crossover, including the rank‐preserving structural failure time model (RPSFTM), to data from the CENTAUR trial of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol (PB and TURSO) in ALS incorporating both randomized placebo‐controlled and open‐label extension (OLE) phases.MethodsIntent‐to‐treat (ITT) and RPSFTM survival analyses were performed with final data at a July 2020 cutoff date. Analyses of subgroups based on randomized treatment and OLE phase participation were also performed.ResultsHazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of death for PB and TURSO versus participants initially on placebo were 0.57 (0.35–0.92) on ITT analysis and 0.39 (0.17–0.88) in the primary on‐treatment RPSFTM analysis (p = .023). Median ITT survival duration for PB and TURSO (25.8 mo) was 6.9 mo longer than placebo (18.9 mo) on ITT analysis and 10.6 mo longer than the median RPSFTM‐adjusted survival duration for placebo (15.2 mo). Median survival duration was 18.8 mo longer in the PB and TURSO–randomized subgroup who continued into the OLE phase versus the placebo‐randomized subgroup who did not continue into the OLE phase (p < .0001), although OLE phase selection bias may have potentially confounded these results.DiscussionSimilar to the prespecified ITT analysis, post hoc analyses adjusting for treatment crossover in CENTAUR showed a significant survival benefit for PB and TURSO. Such methods may provide clinical context for observed survival outcomes in future ALS crossover trials.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Targeted Supplemental Stocking Using a Multistate Capture–Recapture Model
Authors: Oliver Devon C. , Mann Ryan D. , Aymami Caitlyn G. , Avenetti Lorraine D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stocking is a management tool that provides fish directly to anglers and can partly address concerns over low catch rates. Although stocking is recognized as an effective management tool for addressing low catch rates, stocking fish represents a considerable investment. Stocking may not be a viable option if fish do not persist within targeted areas, are not accessible to anglers, or pose a potential risk to sensitive species. The goal of this study was to assess the survivorship, movement, and persistence of stocked Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT) within the walk-in section of Lees Ferry, Colorado River, Arizona, in order to evaluate the efficacy of targeted stocking for this fishery. To meet this goal, we used acoustic telemetry to monitor stocked trout and assess movement out of the management area. A multistate model was used to distill spatiotemporal telemetry data into a multinomial state response, the spatial zones of our study area, to evaluate the efficacy of targeted stocking. The estimated 3-month survival of RBT that remained within the walk-in section without transitioning was 37.3–68.1% based on the 95% confidence interval (CI). Persistence of RBT, which accounts for fish movement, within the walk-in section after 3 months was estimated to be 29.6–33.5% of the original stocked population. Three-month transition rates downstream out of the walk-in section (95% CI = 12.8–15.8%) were higher than upstream transition rates out of the walk-in section (95% CI = 7.7–10.0%). These findings suggest that targeted stocking can effectively supplement the fishery at the walk-in section of Lees Ferry based on the relatively high persistence of stocked RBT within the targeted area. However, managers will need to weigh stocking densities, transition probabilities, and catch rate goals to determine an acceptable level of risk to the native populations while addressing management goals.
Incorporating fingolimod through poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles in electrospun polyurethane/polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold: An in vitro study for nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Alipour Hamed , Alizadeh Aliakbar , Azarpira Negar , Saudi Ahmad , Alavi Omid , Tanideh Nader , Dehghani Farzaneh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFingolimod as a useful drug in nerve regeneration is a promising candidate for promoting axonal regeneration by positively affecting neonatal and adult Schwann cells. Nerve tissue engineering show a novel practical approach by recruiting the scientific methods for creating neural extracellular matrix. In this study, fingolimod was incorporated in polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid and then, an electrospun scaffold composed of polyurethane (PU), polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin polymers containing different amount of encapsulated fingolimod (0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%) were fabricated. The morphology and microstructure of each scaffold were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties of scaffolds including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, water contact angle, and degradation test were evaluated. MTT assay and also SEM were utilized for the investigation of cell viability and adhesion. The results showed that the mean fiber diameter of scaffold was increased from 151 ± 31 to 243 ± 68 nm followed by increase of fingolimod. Young's modulus was showed all scaffold had in the expected range for nerve tissues. Cell viability assessment proved that PU/PCL/Gel/0.01% fingolimod had a higher cell survival among other groups. The results suggest that PU/PCL/gelatin scaffolds loading from 0.01 fingolimod can be a suitable candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration.
The effect of antipsychotic treatment on hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burghardt Kyle Jon , Mando Wasym , Seyoum Berhane , Yi Zhengping , Burghardt Paul Ryen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntipsychotic medications demonstrate a variable range of efficacy and side effects in patients with mental illness. Research has attempted to identify biomarkers associated with antipsychotic effects in various populations. Research designs utilizing healthy volunteers may have the added benefit of measuring the effect of antipsychotics on a given biomarker (s) independent of the varied environmental and clinical factors that often accompany patient populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to synthesize the current evidence of hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarker studies of antipsychotic treatment in study designs using healthy volunteers. The systematic review was performed according to established guidelines and a random effects meta‐analysis of biomarkers appearing in at least three studies was performed while biomarkers in two or less studies were qualitatively summarized. A total of 28 studies including 28 biomarkers were identified. Meta‐analyses were carried out for 14 biomarkers, showing significant effects within six biomarkers (cortisol, C‐peptide, free fatty acids, leptin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and prolactin). Many of these effects were associated with olanzapine, the most used antipsychotic amongst the trials, observed on sub‐analyses. When combining biomarkers into categories, some additional effects were observed, for example, when grouping inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest that antipsychotics exert potentially strong effects on several biomarkers of interest independent of psychiatric disease which could be used to spur future investigations, however, replication work is needed for many biomarkers included in this review.