bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of and Conversion to Continent Ileostomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Angistriotis Athanasios , Shen Bo , Kiran Ravi Pokala 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Continent ileostomy was first introduced by Nils Kock in 1969 as Kock pouch (K pouch). Its most characteristic feature, the nipple valve that offers continence was a later addition. Even though today's continent ileostomy is sidelined by ileal-pouch anal anastomosis as the gold standard of restorative procedures for colectomy patients, it remains an excellent option for select patients, offering an alternative to end-ileostomy or a poorly functioning ileoanal pouch.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to summarize principles and techniques behind Kock pouch construction, both de novo and as “J to K” conversion, as well as examine surgical outcomes following the procedure in the modern era regardless of indication.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources included Pubmed and Cochrane Library up to July 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Articles reviewing continent ileostomy procedures and outcomes between 2000 and 2021. Case reports and series <15 were excluded.

RESULTS:
Fifteen articles were selected for review describing 958 patients with a Kock continent ileostomy, 510 patients who had undergone a Barnett continent intestinal reservoir, and 40 that had undergone construction of a T-pouch.

CONCLUSION:
Continent ileostomies carried out in specialized centers by experienced surgeons can be a great option for patients who would otherwise be confined by an end ileostomy. High pouch survival rates with higher quality-of-life scores than end ileostomy and comparable to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, make continent ileostomy a great option, even if we take into account the less than ideal reoperation and complication rates. It is, however, of paramount importance that patients are carefully selected, thoroughly educated, highly motivated, and engaged in their care. Specifically, for patients with Crohn’s disease, further research is needed to help elucidate factors that affect pouch survival and candidacy for Kock pouch creation. Lastly, continuous surgical technique modifications and refinements can allow even more patients to be considered suitable for the procedure.
Validation of ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes for Gestational Age at Birth
Authors: Leonard Stephanie A. , Panelli Danielle M. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Gemmill Alison , Main Elliott K. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) introduced diagnosis codes for week of gestation. Our objective was to assess the validity of these codes among live births, which could have major utility in perinatal research and quality improvement.

Methods:
We used linked birth certificate and patient discharge data from births in California during 2016–2019 (N = 1,843,992). We identified gestational age using Z3A.xx ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes in birthing patient discharge data and compared it with the gold standard of obstetric estimate, as recorded on the birth certificate. We further assessed sensitivity and specificity of gestational age categories (≥37 weeks, <37 weeks, <32 weeks, <28 weeks), given these categories are frequently of interest, and evaluated differences in validity of preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation) by patient characteristics.

Results:
One-million seven-hundred seventy-thousand one-hundred three patients had a gestational age recorded in patient discharge and birth certificate data. When comparing gestational age in patient discharge data with birth certificate data, the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96, 0.96) and the mean difference between the two measurements was 0.047 weeks (95% CI = 0.046, 0.047 weeks). Ninety-five percent of the differences between the two measurements were between –1.00 week and +1.09 weeks. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 to 1.00 for all gestational age categories and were 0.94 to 1.00 for preterm birth across sociodemographic groups.

Conclusions:
We found week-specific gestational age at delivery ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes in patient discharge data to have high validity when compared with the best obstetric estimate on the birth certificate.
Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis-Induced Myocardial Injury by Upregulating microRNA-30b-3p and Downregulating Brd4
Authors: Li De-long , Zheng Bin-bin , Zeng Xin , Li Jiahua , Dai Ruo-zhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers involved in human diseases, and we focused on the roles of long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and miR-30b-3p in the related mechanisms of atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury. ApoE-deficient mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish atherosclerotic models and then were subjected to either TUG1 downregulation or miR-30b-3p upregulation treatment. The serum myocardial enzymes, inflammatory biomarkers, pathological changes, intramyocardial macrophage infiltration, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in atherosclerotic mice were determined. The expression of TUG1, miR-30b-3p, and bromodomain protein 4 (Brd4) in atherosclerotic models was evaluated. Moreover, the correlations of TUG1, miR-30b-3p, and Brd4 were verified. TUG1 and Brd4 were increased while miR-30b-3p was decreased in atherosclerotic mice. The silenced TUG1 or elevated miR-30b-3p attenuated atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury mainly by reducing serum myocardial enzyme content and inflammatory response, improving pathological changes, and preventing macrophage infiltration and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atherosclerotic mice. Mechanistically, TUG1 could competitively bind with miR-30b-3p to prevent the degradation of its target gene Brd4. This study reveals that the silencing of TUG1 ameliorates atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury by upregulating miR-30b-3p and downregulating Brd4, which may provide novel targets for atherosclerosis treatment.
A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Presence Among United States Occupational and Environmental Medicine Residency Program Websites
Authors: Chaudhry Zaira S. , Widarma Crystal , Cadet Leslie , Das Rupali , Sharip Akbar 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To evaluate the presence of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among US occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) residency program websites.

Methods
In January to February 2022, two independent reviewers evaluated the websites of all 24 US accredited OEM residency programs and documented the presence of 10 predetermined DEI metrics and resident/faculty photographs and biographies.

Results
Program websites included a median of 1 (0–3) DEI element with 46% of websites containing none of the DEI metrics. Faculty photographs and biographies were included in 83% and 75% of websites, respectively. Resident photographs and biographies were included in 50% and 25% of websites, respectively.

Conclusions
Many OEM residency program websites lack DEI presence. Programs should consider presenting information relevant to DEI on their websites to help attract more diverse applicant pools.
Substance use disorders in organ transplantation: perennial challenges and interprofessional opportunities
Authors: Winder Gerald S. , Clifton Erin G. , Mellinger Jessica L. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The current article examines recent publications regarding ongoing clinical and ethical challenges and opportunities related to substance use disorders (SUD) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) utilizing a lens of interprofessional clinical models and care delivery.

Recent findings
Innovative interprofessional clinician skillsets and care models are increasingly emphasized in the SOT literature as the standard of care for common, complex psychosocial problems like substance use and SUD. Cannabinoids are common among candidates and recipients and present several unique quandaries to SOT teams. Opioid use disorder treatment can often be definitively treated with medications that SOT teams may find unfamiliar, controversial, or aversive. Arguably the quintessential example of SUD in SOT, early liver transplantation for patients with alcohol-related liver disease and short periods of sobriety has become increasingly common and accepted in recent years requiring liver teams to rapidly acquire significant interprofessional psychiatric awareness and expertise. The question of retransplantation in patients who have experienced recurrent SUD remains unsettled.

Summary
Regardless of substances used or organs transplanted, interprofessional care continues to emerge as a foundational aspect of clinical care and research in SOT.
Brief Report: Performance of Tuberculosis Symptom Screening Among Hospitalized ART-Naive Children With HIV in Kenya
Authors: Cranmer Lisa M. , Njuguna Irene N. , LaCourse Sylvia M. , Figueroa Janet , Gillespie Scott , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Otieno Vincent , Mugo Cyrus , Okinyi Helen , Benki-Nugent Sarah , Pavlinac Patricia B. , Malik Amyn A. , Gandhi Neel R. , Richardson Barbara A. , Stern Joshua , Wamalwa Dalton C. , John-Stewart Grace C. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic evaluation for children with HIV (CHIV) who have history of TB contact, poor weight gain, cough, or fever. These screening criteria were developed based on studies of symptomatic CHIV with incomplete microbiologic confirmation. We performed routine TB microbiologic evaluation of hospitalized CHIV with and without symptoms to develop a data-driven TB symptom screen.

Methods:
Among hospitalized antiretroviral therapy–naive Kenyan CHIV enrolled in the Pediatric Urgent Start of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (PUSH) trial, we performed Xpert MTB/RIF and mycobacterial culture of respiratory and stool specimens independent of TB symptoms. We evaluated performance of WHO and other published pediatric TB screening criteria and derived optimized criteria using a combination of symptoms.

Results:
Of 168 CHIV who underwent TB microbiologic evaluation, 13 (8%) had confirmed TB. WHO TB symptom screening had 100% sensitivity and 4% specificity to detect confirmed TB. Published TB screening criteria that relied on prolonged symptoms missed cases of confirmed TB (sensitivity 85%–92%). An optimized symptom screen including weight loss, cough, anorexia, or TB contact had 100% sensitivity and improved specificity (31%) compared with the WHO pediatric TB symptom screen.

Conclusions:
The WHO TB symptom screen was highly sensitive but resulted in a high proportion of hospitalized CHIV who would require TB diagnostic evaluation. Other published TB screening criteria missed CHIV with confirmed TB. Our optimized screening tool increased specificity while preserving sensitivity. Future multicenter studies are needed to improve TB screening tools for CHIV in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Time-of-Flight Angiography in Ultra-High-Field 7 T MRI for the Evaluation of Peroneal Perforator Arteries Before Osseomyocutaneous Flap Surgery
Authors: Wiesmueller Marco , Meixner Christian R. , Weber Manuel , Kesting Marco , Nagel Armin M. , Wuest Wolfgang , May Matthias S. , Roemer Frank W. , Uder Michael , Heiss Rafael 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Presurgical identification and morphologic characterization of the peroneal perforator arteries (PPAs) are essential for osseomyocutaneous flap surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate PPAs using time-of-flight (TOF) angiography in 7 T magnetic resonance imaging in comparison with dual-energy computed tomographic angiography (CTA).

Materials and Methods
In this prospective study, TOF angiography and CTA of both lower legs were acquired before flap surgery from 07/2019 to 02/2020. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a dedicated 28-channel knee coil with an acquisition time of 9:55 minutes (voxel size: 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.8 mm). Computed tomographic angiography was acquired with a third-generation dual-source computed tomography on the same day. Virtual monoenergetic reconstructions at 40 keV photon energy served as the standard of reference for PPA identification and subtyping. Two independent readers assessed the image quality, quantity, length assessment, and classification according to surgical considerations of PPAs for TOF angiography and CTA. Both TOF angiography and CTA were used for presurgical flap design and were evaluated by an orofacial surgeon.

Results
Ten patients (mean age, 59.9 ± 14.9 years; 7 men) were included. Time-of-flight angiography and CTA identified 53 and 51 PPAs in total, respectively. Time-of-flight angiography showed superior image quality (both readers, P < 0.05). Time-of-flight angiography enabled specific classification of PPA subtypes more often (53 vs 39; P < 0.05), and both readers reported higher diagnostic confidence for TOF angiography than CTA in all patients (interrater agreement κ = 0.8; P < 0.05). Regarding length assessment, PPAs were significantly more conspicuous with TOF angiography (TOFmean, 50 ± 11 mm; CTAmean, 40 ± 9 mm; P = 0.001). In comparison with CTA, TOF angiography prospectively changed the orofacial surgeon's final decision on the presurgical selected PPAs in 60% of cases.

Conclusions
Presurgical assessment of PPAs is feasible using TOF in 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, TOF angiography was superior to CTA for classifying and identifying PPAs, which may facilitate the planning of reconstructive surgery.
A 3-Dimensional Measurements of Bone and Airway Variables After Le Fort I Distraction Osteogenesis in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate-Induced Midface Hypoplasia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhai Junya , Wang Binqing , Xu Meng , Zheng Yilue , Tong Haizhou , Yin Ningbei , Song Tao 
Published: September 2022

The authors retrospectively analyzed the effects of Le Fort I advancement with distraction osteogenesis on skeletal and airway variables in patients with midfacial hypoplasia induced by cleft lip and/or palate using 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions.
The authors enrolled 23 subjects with moderate-to-severe midface hypoplasia induced by cleft lip and palate who were treated with Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis (mean age, 19.22±3.48 y; male/female ratio, 20/3); computed tomography images (1 before distraction and another at completion of distraction) were acquired. A 3-dimensional craniometric findings and airway volumes for the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, velopharynx, and upper and lower oropharynx were compared before and after distraction. The relationships between craniofacial morphology and changes in airway volume were also assessed (P<0.05 was considered significant).
Significant increases were observed in airway volumes for the nasal cavity (13.85%), nasopharynx (50.82%), velopharynx (29.57%), and upper oropharynx (36.92%) (P=0.007, P<0.001, P=0.023, and P<0.001, respectively), whereas no significant changes were observed for the lower oropharynx (P=0.117). Maxillary horizontal advancement was positively correlated with the airway volumes of the nasopharynx and upper oropharynx after distraction osteogenesis (rs=+0.451, P=0.031; rs=+0.548, P=0.007); however, no significant correlations were observed for the nasal cavity and velopharynx.
The authors’ finding indicate that despite rotation of the mandible along with the maxilla, this change does not impact airway volume at the mandibular level. Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis can be feasible for patients with cleft lip and palate-induced midface hypoplasia, with satisfactory appearance and occlusion. Long-term detailed follow-up of the patients postdistraction osteogenesis is warranted.
An Innovative Method for Nasal Alar Reduction Surgery Based on the Equilateral Triangle Design Theory
Authors: Guo Yu , Wang Heng , Chen Liang , Zhou Yiqun , Zhu Jingjing , Liu Tianyi 
Published: September 2022

At present, there is no unified and accurate method to design the amount of tissue to be removed in alar reduction surgery. The authors present the experience that the crescent-shaped alar resection is based on the innovative equilateral triangle theory. It can accurately estimates the amount of alar tissue to be removed and conforms to the 3-dimensional esthetic concept of the nose. Followed up for 6 to 12 months, took 6 and 12 months postoperative photos, measured the postoperative nasal base width, and conduct a questionnaire satisfaction survey. The width of the nasal base was reduced by an average of 4.4±2.1 mm. The mean visual analog scale score showed: 4.8±1.6 before operation and 7.6±1.2 after the operation (P<0.05), which revealed satisfactory patient outcomes. This method provides a new idea for the evaluation of nasal alar resection volume and is worthy of clinical application.
ELEVATED PD-1/CD28 RATIO RATHER THAN PD-1 EXPRESSION IN CD8+ T CELLS PREDICTS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN SEPSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY
Authors: Zhong Wenhong , Li Jing , Li Dongxin , Li Xusheng , Liu Mengting , Zhang Tiancao , Huang Junhong , Huang Guoge , Zeng Hongke , Zhou Maohua , Jiang Wenqiang 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT—Background
The expression of programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and CD28 on CD8+ T cells is considered to be related to immune function and prognosis markers in patients with sepsis. However, the relationship between the ratio of PD-1/CD28 and nosocomial infection has not been elucidated. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in a general intensive care unit. Patients were enrolled according to the sepsis-3 criteria and peripheral blood samples were collected within 24 hours of enrollment. Programmed cell death 1 receptor and CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells was assayed on day 1. Patients were followed up until 28 days. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. The accuracy of biomarkers for nosocomial infection and mortality was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The association between biomarkers and 28-day mortality was assessed by Cox regression survival analysis. Results: A total of 181 patients were recruited, and 68 patients were finally included for analysis. Of these, 19 patients (27.9%) died during 28 days and 22 patients (32.4%) acquired nosocomial infection. The PD-1/CD28 ratio of patients with nosocomial infection was significantly higher than those without (0.27 [0.10–0.55] vs. 0.15 [0.08–0.28], P = 0.025). The PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells (odds ratio, 53.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.39–1188.22, P = 0.012) and duration of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.24; P = 0.001) were independently associated with nosocomial infection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells was 0.67 (0.52–0.82). The PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells of the nonsurvivors was significantly higher than the survivors (0.23 [0.15–0.52] vs. 0.14 [0.07–0.32]); Cox regression analysis showed that the survival time of patients with PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells of 0.13 or greater was shorter compared with patients with lower levels (hazard ratio, 4.42 [1.29–15.20], χ2 = 6.675; P = 0.010). Conclusions: PD-1/CD28 ratio in CD8+ T cells at admission may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting nosocomial infection and mortality.
MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ATTENUATES PNEUMONIA-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY MODULATIONS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AND M1 POLARIZATION
Authors: Ruan Feng , Chen Jing , Yang Jianxin , Wang Guirong 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and results in multisystem complications. However, the mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) on lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we used a murine model of MTBI and pneumonia (Pseudomonas aeruginosa;) to explore the relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Mice (n = 104) were divided into control, MTBI, pneumonia, and MTBI + pneumonia groups. MTBI was induced by the weight-drop method. Pneumonia was induced by intratracheal injection with P. aeruginosa Xen5 strain. Animals were killed 24 h after bacterial challenging. Histological, cellular, and molecular indices of brain and lung injury were assessed using various methods. Results: Mice in both the MTBI and pneumonia groups had more Fluoro-Jade C–positive neurons than did the controls (P < 0.01), but mice in the MTBI + pneumonia group had fewer Fluoro-Jade C–positive cells than did the pneumonia group (P < 0.01). The MTBI + pneumonia mice showed decreased bacterial load (P < 0.05), reduced lung injury score and pulmonary permeability (P < 0.01), less inflammatory cells, and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β; P < 0.01) when compared with the pneumonia group. Molecular analysis indicated lower levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB in the lung of MTBI + pneumonia mice compared with the pneumonia group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, alveolar macrophages from MTBI mice exhibited enhanced bactericidal capacity compared with those from controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, MTBI + pneumonia mice exhibited less CD86-positive M1 macrophages compared with the pneumonia group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: MTBI attenuates pneumonia-induced acute lung injury through the modulation of alveolar macrophage bactericidal capacity and M1 polarization in bacterial pneumonia model.
Predicting the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination in 112 countries from 2006-2034: a transmission modeling analysis
Authors: Kraay A.N.M. , Steele M.K. , Baker J.M. , Hall E.W. , Deshpande A. , Saidzosa B.F. , Mukaratirwa A. , Boula A. , Mpabalwani E. M. , Kiulia N.M. , Tsolenyanu E , Enweronu-Laryea C. , Abebe A. , Beyene B. , Tefera M. , Willilo R. , Batmunkh N. , Pastore R. , Mwenda J.M. , Antoni S. , Cohen A.L. , Pitzer V.E. , Lopman B.A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRotavirus vaccination has been shown to reduce rotavirus burden in many countries, but the long-term magnitude of vaccine impacts is unclear, particularly in low-income countries. We use a transmission model to estimate the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) from 2006-2034 for 112 low- and middle-income countries. We also explore the predicted effectiveness of a one- vs two-dose series and the relative contribution of direct vs indirect effects to overall impacts. To validate the model, we compare predicted percent reductions in severe rotavirus cases with the percent reduction in rotavirus positivity among gastroenteritis hospital admissions for 10 countries with pre- and post-vaccine introduction data. We estimate that vaccination would reduce deaths from rotavirus by 49.1% (95% UI: 46.6–54.3%) by 2034 under realistic coverage scenarios, compared to a scenario without vaccination. Most of this benefit is due to direct benefit to vaccinated individuals (explaining 69-97% of the overall impact), but indirect protection also appears to enhance impacts. We find that a one-dose schedule would only be about 57% as effective as a two-dose schedule 12 years after vaccine introduction. Our model closely reproduced observed reductions in rotavirus positivity in the first few years after vaccine introduction in select countries. Rotavirus vaccination is likely to have a substantial impact on rotavirus gastroenteritis and its mortality burden. To sustain this benefit, the complete series of doses is needed.