bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontofacial Monobloc Advancement With Internal Distraction: Surgical Technique and Osteotomy Guide
Authors: Ferreira Junior Tancredo Alcântara , Fontoura Renato Rinco , Marques do Nascimento Leyzeane , Alcântara Mariana Torres , Capuchinho-Júnior Geraldo Andrade , Alonso Nivaldo , Matushita Hamilton , Costa Bruno Silva , Faraj de Lima Franklin Bernardes 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Craniosynostosis are cranial deformities resulting from the early closure of 1 or more sutures. Concomitant facial changes are complex and usually result from the involvement of multiple sutures, which may lead to restriction of cranial growth and brain expansion, ocular compression, and breathing difficulties. Surgical techniques to correct syndromic craniosynostosis have improved over time, considerably reducing the rate of complications of this procedure.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe in detail (step-by-step) and with pertinent anatomic considerations the technique of monobloc frontofacial advancement using internal distractors.

METHODS:
We describe the monobloc frontofacial advancement technique with the use of internal distractors, which we use in patients with primary syndromic craniosynostosis (Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer) who have major facial hypoplasia and secondary respiratory repercussions. To illustrate this technique, the procedure was performed in 2 cranial models: an adult artificial acrylic skull of normal morphology for better evidence of anatomic repairs and a 3-dimensional printed infant skull from a tomography file obtained from a child diagnosed with Apert syndrome.

RESULTS:
The benefits of osteogenic distraction and better surgical timing for each procedure are presented. We presented the changes and details of osteotomies performed during the procedure, as well as anatomic details and care regarding the pterygomaxillary dysjunction.

CONCLUSION:
Monobloc frontofacial distraction is a procedure with widely demonstrated aesthetic and functional results, and this detailed step-by-step description may improve familiarity with the anatomic landmarks of the procedure and provide a better dynamic understanding of the distraction process.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders prevalence and awareness of appropriate clinical practices, among Al-Madinah community in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alolayan Albraa , Alsayed Shayma S. , Salamah Ruwaa M. , Ali Khadija M. , Alsousi Mashael , Elsayed Shadia 
Published: April 2022

Background: Painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are of musculoskeletal origin and are considered the most common cause of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and awareness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in Almadinah Almunawwarah community. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted. A modified version of Fonseca's questionnaire was employed. The questionnaire asked about the participant's personal information, if they thought they had TMDs, and who to visit for therapy if necessary. These were followed by 10 items from Fonseca's questionnaire, each with a three-point scale. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 598 people. Females made up 57.1% of the participants. TMDs were present in 61% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. Males (44.3%) were less affected than females (55.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.354). Out of the 61% TMDs Positive patients, 74.1% had mild TMDs symptoms, while 20.8% and 5.1%, respectively, had moderate and severe TMDs symptoms (P = 0.05). The severity of the symptoms was unaffected by demographic data (P > 0.05). Only 40% seek care, with 64.6% selecting for a dentist and 24.6% preferring for an orthopaedic specialist (P= 0.008). Conclusions: Participants from Al-Madinah had a greater prevalence of mild TMDs. The majority of the participants had no idea who to go to for treatment. The findings of this study highlight the importance of educational activities to enhance public awareness. Fonseca's Anamnestic Index could also be considered as a useful instrument for early identification and measuring the severity of TMDs in the general population.
Pandemic Pedagogy: Perception of Nursing students’: A cross-sectional study
Authors: D'Souza Prima Jenevive Jyothi , Assariparambil Anil Raj , Muthamilselvi G , Joseph Veena M , George Linu Sara 
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impacted across the globe disrupting all sectors including the higher education universities. Nursing institutions faced various challenges due to the pandemic restrictions, of which the abrupt shift of implementing the curriculum to online mode posed a major challenge to both the teachers and the students. To assess nursing students' perception of pandemic pedagogy and the challenges faced in online teaching-learning, this cross-sectional survey was conducted among 982 undergraduate nursing students from three Deemed to be University nursing institutions of Southern India. Institutional Ethics Committee approval (IEC 444/2020), permission from the heads of the institutions and study participant’s consent was obtained. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire which had three domains, including student-related (19 items), teacher-related(5 items), and physical learning environment-related factors (11 items). The reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.86). Explored the favouring, hindering factors and challenges faced during the emergency remote teaching with open-ended items. The overall mean score of perceptions on pandemic pedagogy was 89.03±10.03. Sixty-three percent of students had a total perception score above 87 which indicates that they preferred online learning during the pandemic whereas 45% preferred classroom learning. There was a significant difference in the total perception scores and the years of study( F (3, 978) = 4.96, p = 0.002). The factors favouring online learning were, an opportunity to view the recorded classes even after the live classes’ (n=165), and ‘more time to spend for learning activities’ (n=152). Factors that hindered the learning or the challenges faced were poor network connectivity (n=451), and lack of opportunity for group study (n=326). Students favoured online learning during the pandemic; however, there were several challenges. The educational institutions need to prepare themselves to overcome this and focus on a blended learning curriculum.
The Worst-First Heuristic: How Decision Makers Manage Conjunctive Risk
Authors: Lewis Joshua , Feiler Daniel , Adner Ron 
Published: April 2022

Many important managerial outcomes hinge on the co-occurrence of multiple uncertain events, a situation termed conjunctive risk. Whereas past literature has addressed the psychology of choosing to enter situations with conjunctive risk, this article elucidates a novel way in which the psychology of managing conjunctive risk is importantly distinct. We examine a case in which there are two independent events, one is currently less likely than the other, both are required for overall success, and the decision maker must evaluate opportunities to increase the chance of the less-likely or more-likely requirement. We introduce the hypothesis of a worst-first heuristic. Decision makers intuitively evaluate improvements in conjunctive risk according to their impact on the biggest barrier to success, the least likely of the required events. We find evidence for such a worst-first heuristic across nine experiments (n = 3,653, including samples from the United States and United Kingdom in Studies 1–5 and Studies S1–S3 in the online supplement, as well as a sample of managers in Study 6). Participants invest more to improve chances of less-likely requirements than more-likely requirements, even when the latter improvements have at least as much impact on the aggregate chance of success. Moreover, we find that decision makers exhibit this behavior particularly when managing conjunctive risk, as doing so makes them attend to which threat is the worst. Conversely, they do not appear to exhibit the behavior when making formally equivalent decisions about choosing between conjunctive risks. This bias toward underinvesting in stronger-links holds important implications for decision making in contexts subject to conjunctive risk—both managerial and societal. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: Data and the e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4411 .
Cardiometabolic disorders, inflammation and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal study comparing lean and non-lean individuals
Authors: Aneni Ehimen C. , Saeed Gul Jana , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Osondu Chukwuemeka U. , Budoff Matthew , Parise Edison R. , Santos Raul D. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with cardiometabolic disorders in lean persons. This study examines the contribution of cardiometabolic disorders to NAFLD risk among lean individuals and compares to non-lean individuals.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from 6,513 participants of a yearly voluntary routine health testing conducted at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil. NAFLD was defined as hepatic ultrasound diagnosed fatty liver in individuals scoring below 8 on the alcohol use disorders identification test. Our main exposure variables were elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure (BP), presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD, defined as the combination of elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol) and physical inactivity (<150 minutes/week of moderate activity). We further assessed the risk of NAFLD with elevations in waist circumference and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP).ResultsOver 15,580 person-years (PY) of follow-up, the incidence rate of NAFLD was 7.7 per 100 PY. In multivariate analysis adjusting for likely confounders, AD was associated with a 72% greater risk of NAFLD (IRR: 1.72 [95% CI:1.32–2.23]). Elevated blood glucose (IRR: 1.71 [95%CI: 1.29–2.28]) and physical inactivity (IRR: 1.46 [95%CI: 1.28–1.66]) were also independently associated with increased risk of NAFLD. In lean individuals, AD, elevated blood glucose and elevated BP were significantly associated with NAFLD although for elevated blood glucose, statistical significance was lost after adjusting for possible confounders. Physical inactivity and elevations in HsCRP were not associated with the risk of NAFLD in lean individuals only. Among lean (and non-lean) individuals, there was an independent association between progressively increasing waist circumference and NAFLD.ConclusionCardiometabolic risk factors are independently associated with NAFLD. However, there are significant differences in the metabolic risk predictors of NAFLD between lean and non-lean individuals. Personalized cardiovascular disease risk stratification and appropriate preventive measures should be considered in both lean and non-lean individuals to prevent the development of NAFLD.
Low cost multifunctional 3D printed image quality and dose verification phantom for an image-guided radiotherapy system
Authors: Wu Jian-Kuen , Yu Min-Chin , Chen Shih-Han , Liao Shu-Hsien , Wang Yu-Jen 
Published: April 2022

PurposeImage-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is used to precisely deliver radiation to a tumour to reduce the possible damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Clinics use various quality assurance (QA) equipment to ensure that the performance of the IGRT system meets the international standards set for the system. The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost and multipurpose module for evaluating image quality and dose.MethodsA multipurpose phantom was designed to meet the clinical requirements of high accuracy, easy setup, and calibration. The outer shell of the phantom was fabricated using acrylic. Three dimensional (3D) printing technology was used to fabricate inner slabs with the characteristics of high spatial resolution, low-contrast detectability, a 3D grid, and liquid-filled uniformity. All materials were compatible with magnetic resonance (MR). Computed tomography (CT) simulator and linear accelerator (LINAC) modules were developed and validated.ResultsThe uniformity slab filled with water is ideal for the assessment of Hounsfield units, whereas that filled with wax is suitable for consistency checks. The high-spatial-resolution slab enables measurements with a resolution up to 5 lp/cm. The low-contrast detectability slab contains rods of 5 different sizes that can be clearly visualised. These components meet the American College of Radiology (ACR) standards for QA of CT simulators and LINACs.ConclusionsThe multifunctional phantom module meets the ACR recommended QA guidelines and is suitable for both LINACs and CT-sim. Further measurements in an MR simulator and an MR linear accelerator (MR-LINAC) will be arranged in the future.
INQUIETAÇÕES SOBRE A NATUREZA: ENTRE UTOPIAS E DISTOPIAS ANTRÓPICAS
Authors: Barbosa Cláudia Silva 
Published: April 2022

Faz alguns milênios que o ser humano se viu como uma parte fora da natureza. Essa natureza, ao longo do tempo, assumiu diversas roupagens, desde ser considerada como território do sagrado até ser tratada apenas como recurso para benefício do homem. No processo de dessacralização, a natureza-objeto foi superexplorada, o que gerou impactos, algumas vezes expressos artisticamente em distopias que anunciaram um futuro caótico para a humanidade. Esse futuro se materializou em 2019 sob a forma de um vírus que deu vida para uma nova distopia em âmbito mundial, o SARS-CoV-2. Embora com origem natural, sua rápida propagação estaria atrelada com a ação antrópica. A pandemia que gerou impactos na economia e nas formas de viver humanas, tão arraigadas ao capitalismo moderno, abriu caminho para reflexões sobre narrativas que tratam de outras perspectivas do convívio coletivo, pautado em objetivos comuns e na valorização das sabedorias ancestrais e do reencontro com a natureza. Dentre essas possibilidades estão as propostas levantadas pela etnoconservação e pelo Bem Viver. Talvez novas utopias. Este artigo buscou refletir sobre esse contexto, rastreando bibliografias que abordam a temática.
Notes from the Editors, April 2022
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: April 2022

buy this issue
As we write these notes at the beginning of March 2022, the eight-year limited civil war in Ukraine has turned into a full-scale war. This represents a turning point in the New Cold War and a great human tragedy. By threatening global nuclear holocaust, these events are also now endangering the entire world. To understand the origins of the New Cold War and the onset of the current Russian entry into the Ukrainian civil war, it is necessary to go back to decisions associated with the creation of the New World Order made in Washington when the previous Cold War ended in 1991.
Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Cymbopogon nardus pada Histologi Testis Mencit (Mus musculus) Setelah Induksi Timbal Asetat
Authors: Maghfuroh Lilis , Setyowati Putri Ayu Ika , Solekha Rofiatun , Nisa Khoirin , Savitri Nynda Ayu Nadira 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek perlindungan ekstrak serai wangi Cymbopogon nardus (C. nardus) terhadap induksi timbal asetat. Sebanyak 25 mencit jantan strain BALB/C secara acak dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif hanya mendapat injeksi sub cutan Na-CMC 0,5% selama 30 hari ; kontrol positif diinjeksi sub cutan timbal asetat sebanyak 7 mg/kg bb selama 5 hari; P1, P2, dan P3 secara berturut-turut diinjeksi sub cutan timbal asetat 7 mg/kg bb selama 5 hari kemudian dilanjutkan dengan injeksi ekstrak C. nardus sebanyak 25, 50, dan 100 mg/kg bb selama 25 hari. Pada akhir penelitian semua mencit dikorbankan dan dilakukan koleksi testis. Jaringan testis diproses menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan sel spermatogonia, sel spermatosit, dan sel spermatid serta diameter tubulus seminiferus dibandingkan dengan kelompok positif. Dosis optimal yang paling mampu memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan testis yaitu 25 mg/kg bb. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Cymbopogon nardus (C. nardus) extract against lead acetate exposure. A total of 25 male mice BALB/C were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group only received 0.5% Na-CMC subcutaneously for 30 days; positive control was given 7 mg/kg bw of lead acetate subcutaneously for 5 days; P1, P2, and P3 were sequentially injected with 7 mg/kg bw subcutaneously for 5 days followed by injection of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg bw of C. nardus extract for 25 days. At the end of the study all mice were sacrificed and testes were collected. Testicular tissue using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results showed that there was an increase in spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes, and spermatid cells as well as the diameter of the seminiferous tubules compared to the positive group. The optimal dose most capable of repairing testicular tissue damage was 25 mg/kg bw.
Morbidity and Mortality Analysis for Risk-based Pricing in Cattle Insurance
Authors: Doss Steward , Pathak Tiwari Shalini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Morbidity and Mortality have also been a reason for concern for the insurers as increased morbidity and mortality contribute to a higher cost of claims including claim frequency. Currently, there are only two rating factors (Age and types of cattle) being adopted by the insurers while determining the premium rates and there is no risk-based pricing adopted for Cattle Insurance in India. The main objective of this paper is to identify the important rating factors influencing the mortality and morbidity trends among different cattle types in India. Secondly, there is a need to examine whether the mortality and morbidity trends vary across different parameters like animal type, breeds, age, gender, agro-climatic zone, types of formers/animal owners, etc. If it varies, then to find out the degree of variations and also measure the impact of these rating factors on cattle mortality. This paper focuses on the analysis of the morbidity and mortality of cattle across different types of cattle, breeds, age groups, gender, and different agro-climatic regions, etc. Further, it also examines the differences in cattle management practices; particularly the frequency and the quantity of feed, types, and quality of feed (nutritional value) given, animal healthcare management, exposure to catastrophic risk hazards, etc., with a view to developing risk-based pricing for cattle insurance. This would help insurers to understand the changes in cattle mortality and morbid trends and also build a comprehensive mortality table across different types and breeds of cattle. This would also immensely help the insurers in determining risk-based premium rates among different types of animals, their breeds, geographic regions, customer types, etc. which would enable in developing sustainable cattle insurance portfolio in the Indian insurance market. The output of the analysis can also be used by the insurers to develop index-based livestock insurance as well as parametric insurance.
Wieder aufbauen nach dem Krieg. Alfred Roth und die in der Schweiz internierten polnischen Architekten
Authors: Schlachetzki Sarah M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the Second World War, more than 10,000 Polish soldiers were interned in Switzerland. Among them were prominent architects, including Marek Leykam and Bohdan Garliński, who upon returning to Poland, left their mark on postwar modernism. Leykam was later marginalized for his buildings that were allegedly too International in style. Garliński became one of the key ideologists of Socialist Realism in the First General Exhibition of Architecture of the People’s Republic of Poland.
This article is the first to re-trace their years in Switzerland and their contacts with Alfred Roth, CIAM member and former employee of Le Corbusier. During the war, Roth pursued plans for the reconstruction of Europe, and it was he who supplied the internees with architectural literature and support. Their intersections exemplify the larger history of Switzerland’s insular role during the war, and Poland’s immensely complex architectural scene in the early 1950s.
Mit Machine Learning auf der Suche nach Provenienzen – ein Use Case der Bildklassifikation an der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Krickl Martin , Mayer Simon , Zangger Emanuel 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Bibliotheken können in vielen Bereichen künstliche Intelligenz einsetzen. Machine Learning bietet vielversprechende Einsatzmöglichkeiten, unter anderem in der Erschließung von digitalisierten historischen Buchbeständen. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert eine Anwendung für die Ermittlung von Provenienzen an zwei Beispielen aus dem Bestand der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek. Als binäre Bildklassifikatoren wurden Convolutional Neural Networks eingesetzt. Zudem soll gezeigt werden, dass mit einem einfachen Setting bereits gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden können.
A case report of CAT gene and HNF1β gene variations in a patient with early-onset diabetes
Authors: Cui Tao , Ju Hai-Bing , Liu Peng-Fei , Ma Yun-Jun , Zhang Fu-Xian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Complex forms of diabetes are the ultimate common pathway involving multiple genetic variations and multiple environmental factors. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is classified as complex diabetes. Varying degrees of insulin deficiency and tissue insulin resistance are two key links to T2DM. The islet β cell dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The decompensation of the islet β cell to insulin resistance is a common mechanism leading to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Available data show that genetic factors mainly affect cell function. At present, a number of susceptibility genes related to T2DM have been reported at home and abroad. In this study, the diabetes-related genes in the case of early-onset diabetes with a significant family history were examined, and our results showed the presence of the intron mutations of catalase (CAT) gene and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) gene. The patient enrolled in this study was observed and analyzed, thus, increasing further understanding of the genes associated with diabetes and exploring the pathogenesis of diabetes from the molecular level. This is significant for guiding the prevention, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of diabetes.