bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of interdisciplinary frailty screening on perioperative complication rates in elderly ovarian cancer patients: results of a retrospective observational study
Authors: Anic Katharina , Varchola Jakub , Schmidt Mona Wanda , Schwab Roxana , Linz Valerie Catherine , Schmidt Marcus , Hardt Roland , Hartmann Erik Kristoffer , Ruckes Christian , Hasenburg Annette , Battista Marco Johannes 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Frailty is a frequent and underdiagnosed multidimensional age-related syndrome, involving decreased physiological performance reserves and marked vulnerability against major stressors. To standardize the preoperative frailty assessment and identify patients at risk of adverse surgical outcomes, commonly used global health assessment tools were evaluated. We aimed to assess three interdisciplinary preoperative screening assessments to investigate the influence of frailty status with in-hospital complications irrespective of surgical complexity and radicality in older women with ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods
Preoperative frailty status was examined by the G8 geriatric screening tool (G8 Score-geriatric screening), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS-oncological screening), and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status System (ASA PS-anesthesiologic screening). The main outcome measures were the relationship between perioperative laboratory results, intraoperative surgical parameters and the incidence of immediate postoperative in-hospital complications with the preoperative frailty status.

Results
116 consecutive women 60 years and older (BMI 24.8 ± 5.2 kg/m2) with OC, who underwent elective oncological surgery in University Medical Center Mainz between 2008 and 2019 were preoperatively classified with the selected global health assessment tools as frail or non-frail. The rate of preoperative anemia (hemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dl) and perioperative transfusions were significantly higher in the G8-frail group (65.9% vs. 34.1%; p = 0.006 and 62.7% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.031; respectively). In addition, patients preoperatively classified as G8-frail exhibited significantly more postoperative clinical in-hospital complications (27.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.045) independent of chronological age and BMI. In contrast, ECOG PS and ASA PS did not predict the rates of postoperative complications (all p values > 0.05). After propensity score matching, the complication rate in the G8-frail cohort was approximately 1.7 times more common than in the G8-non-frail cohort.

Conclusion
Preoperative frailty assessment with the G8 Score identified elderly women with OC recording a significantly higher rate of postoperative in-hospital complications. In G8-frail patients, preoperative anemia and perioperative transfusions were significantly more recorded, regardless of chronological age, abnormal BMI and surgical complexity. Standardized preoperative frailty assessment should be added to clinical routine care to enhance risk stratification in older cancer individuals for surgical patient-centered decision-making.
Manual action re-planning interferes with the maintenance process of working memory: an ERP investigation
Authors: Gunduz Can Rumeysa , Schack Thomas , Koester Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the re-planning of the grasping movements, its functional interactions with working memory (WM), and underlying neurophysiological activity. Mainly, the current study investigated the movement re-planning interference with WM domains (verbal, visuospatial) and processes (maintenance, retrieval). We combined a cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm with an EEG setting. Thirty-six participants completed the verbal and visuospatial versions of a WM task concurrently with a manual task which required performing a grasp-and-place movement by keeping the initial movement plan (prepared movement condition) or changing it for reversing the movement direction (re-planned movement condition). ERPs were extracted for the prepared and re-planned conditions in the verbal and visuospatial tasks separately during the maintenance and retrieval processes. ERP analyses showed that during the maintenance process of both the verbal and visuospatial tasks, the re-planned movements compared to the prepared movements generated a larger positive slow wave with a centroparietal maximum between 200 and 700. We interpreted this ERP effect as a P300 component for the re-planned movements. There was no ERP difference between the planned and re-planned movements during the retrieval process. Accordingly, we suggest that re-planning the grasp-and-place movement interfered at least with the maintenance of the verbal and visuospatial domains, resulting in the re-planning costs. More generally, the current study provides the initial neurophysiological investigations of the movement re-planning–WM interactions during grasping movements, and contributes to a better understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying manual action flexibility.
Stahlrecycling – Potenziale und Herausforderungen für innovatives und nachhaltiges Recycling
Authors: Dworak Sabine , Fellner Johann , Beermann Martin , Häuselmann Monika , Schenk Johannes , Michelic Susanne , Cejka Julian , Sakic Amin , Mayer Jakob , Steininger Karl 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungStahlschrott ist ein wesentlicher Sekundärrohstoff im Stahlherstellungsprozess und ein wichtiger Grundpfeiler für eine CO2-arme Stahlindustrie. Im Vergleich zur Stahlproduktion durch die Primärroute benötigt das Einschmelzen von Stahlschrott weniger Ressourcen und birgt somit sowohl umwelttechnische als auch wirtschaftliche Vorteile. Ein erhöhtes und optimiertes Recycling von Stahlschrott zur Erzeugung von Hochleistungsstählen setzt jedoch genaue Kenntnisse über verfügbare Schrottqualitäten voraus. Insbesondere Altschrottklassen können die geforderten Qualitätskriterien hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammensetzung nicht erfüllen.Die gegenständliche, interdisziplinäre Arbeit untersucht Optimierungspotenziale für ein nachhaltiges Recycling von Stahl in Österreich. Dabei wurde die Schrottverfügbarkeit quantitativ und auch qualitativ durch eine Materialfluss- und qualitative Material-Pinch-Analyse ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse wurden durch Stakeholderbefragungen untermauert. Im Zuge der Stakeholderbefragungen wurde auch der Innovationsbedarf der Branche ermittelt. Weiters wurden werkstofftechnologische Auswirkungen für Prozesse und Produkte analysiert und zusammengefasst.Durch den erhöhten Schrotteinsatz, vor allem durch Altschrott, kommt es zu erhöhten Anteilen an Begleitelementen in der Stahlproduktion. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass der Anteil an Altschrott am Gesamtschrottaufkommen bis zu 75 % erreichen wird, gegenwärtig aber aufgrund des aktuellen Schrotthandlings und damit einhergehenden Verunreinigungen nur ein Teil des Altschrotts tatsächlich auch innereuropäisch bzw. in Österreich für die Erzeugung von Hochleistungsstählen ausgenutzt werden kann. Durch verbesserte Vorsortierung, Entfernung der unerwünschten Begleitelemente durch sekundärmetallurgische Prozesse und durch besseres Verständnis der Wechselwirkung unterschiedlicher Begleitelemente kann das vorhandene Schrottpotenzial besser ausgeschöpft werden. Die Nutzung der in sekundären Rohstoffen gespeicherten „grauen“ Energie ermöglicht nicht nur für den Stahlsektor selbst eine effektive Entwicklungsoption Richtung Klimaneutralität, sondern auch für andere volkswirtschaftliche Bereiche durch insgesamt reduzierten Primärenergiebedarf und Senkung des Fußabdrucks zahlreicher Wertschöpfungsketten.
Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kantzanou Maria , Karalexi Maria A. , Theodoridou Kalliopi , Kostares Evangelos , Kostare Georgia , Loka Thalia , Vrioni Georgia , Tsakris Athanassios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection expressing different clinical phenotypes. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered an opportunistic infection among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this review was to identify published data on the prevalence of Leishmania spp. infection among PWH and to define particular determinants that affect critically the epidemiological characteristics of VL-HIV coinfection and, potentially, its burden on public health. Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic literature search until June 30, 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to calculate the summary prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) of leishmaniasis among PWH. Meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of putative effect modifiers, such as the mean CD4 cell count, on the major findings. Thirty-four studies were eligible, yielding a summary prevalence of 6% (95%CI, 4–11%) for leishmaniasis (n = 1583) among PWH (n = 85,076). Higher prevalence rates were noted in Asia (17%, 95%CI, 9–30%) and America (9%, 95%CI, 5–17%) than in Europe (4%, 95%CI, 2–8%). Prevalence rates were significantly mediated by the age, sex, and CD4 cell count of participants. Heterogeneity remained significant in all meta-analyses (p < 0.0001). In the majority of included studies, people were coinfected with HIV and Leishmania species associated with VL, as opposed to those associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. No sign of publication bias was shown (p = 0.06). Our summary of published studies on leishmaniasis among PWH is important to provide prevalence estimates and define potential underlying factors that could guide researchers to generate and further explore specific etiologic hypotheses.
Logic model for opioid safety in chronic non-malignant pain management, an in-depth qualitative study
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha , Knaggs Roger , Anderson Claire , Toh Li Shean 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Opioids are commonly used for the management of chronic non-malignant pain in Pakistan; but there is a lack of literature around precursors or motivators in the use of opioids.

Aim
The study holistically explored factors contributing towards the unsafe use of opioids and identifies strategies to overcome them.

Method
Exploratory qualitative methods using interviews, focus groups and non-participant observational case studies were used. Interviews and focus groups were carried out face-to-face as well as virtually and observations were conducted in community pharmacies in Islamabad and Khyber Pukhtoon Khuwa province, Pakistan. Data were collected from 4 stakeholder groups; pharmacy policy makers (n = 11), people with chronic non-malignant pain (n = 14), doctors (n = 31) and community pharmacists (n = 36) by purposive critical case sampling method. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis and then deductively mapped to a social ecological framework. Non-participant observations were analysed using a cross case synthesis using explanation building technique. Data from all three methods were triangulated to develop a logic model.

Results
Identified factors at macro (regulation), meso (social perceptions of pain and opioids) and micro levels (uncontrolled pain, self-medication, health literacy) and strategies are presented holistically and were used to develop a logic model for the prevention and mitigation of factors currently causing unsafe use of opioids.

Conclusion
The study provides an in-depth view of factors contributing towards diversion of pharmaceutical opioids and can help guide national and international policy makers in their future initiatives to promote safe use of opioids in the management of chronic non-malignant pain in Pakistan.
Metabolic changes during exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Marques Jair G. , Schwerd Tobias , Bufler Philip , Koletzko Sibylle , Koletzko Berthold 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Exclusive enteral nutrition is recommended as a first-line treatment in active pediatric Crohn’s Disease, but its mechanism of action is still not clear. We aimed to assess alterations in the metabolic profile of newly diagnosed pediatric Crohn’s Disease patients before and during exclusive enteral nutrition therapy.

Methods
Plasma samples from 14 pediatric Crohn’s Disease patients before and after 3–4 weeks on exclusive enteral nutrition were analyzed using mass spectrometry. T-test, fold change and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for mining significant features. Correlation analysis was performed between the annotated features and the weighted pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index using Pearson r distance.

Results
Among the 13 compounds which decreased during exclusive enteral nutrition, most are related to diet, while one is a bacterial metabolite, Bacteriohopane-32,33,34,35-tetrol. The phosphatidic acid metabolite PA(15:1/18:0) was significantly reduced and correlated with the weighted pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index. Lipids increased during exclusive enteral nutrition therapy included phosphatidylethanolamines; PE(24:1/24:1), PE(17:2/20:2) and one lactosylceramide; LacCer(d18:1/14:0).

Conclusion
Food additives and other phytochemicals were the major metabolites, which decreased following the exclusion of a regular diet during exclusive enteral nutrition. An alteration in bacterial biomarkers may reflect changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Thus, metabolomics provides an opportunity to characterize the molecular mechanisms of dietary factors triggering Crohn’s Disease activity, and the mechanisms of action of exclusive enteral nutrition, thereby providing the basis for the development and evaluation of improved intervention strategies for prevention and treatment.
Systematic analysis of the expression profile and prognostic significance of m6A regulators and PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kong Fanhua , Wang Kunpeng , Wang Liezhi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has dual biological functions in RNA modification and plays an important role in HCC.

Methods
The GEO, TCGA, ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, STRING and TIMER2 databases were used for bioinformatic analyses. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression of m6A regulators in HCC tissues.

Results
The transcription of m6A regulators was upregulated in patients with HCC, and overexpression of YTHDF1/2, YTHDC1, RBM15 and METTL3 was significantly correlated with clinical stages of HCC. In addition, downregulation of ZC3H13 and METTL14 and upregulation of other m6A regulators were associated with a poor prognosis. A high mutation rate (89%) of m6A regulators was also observed in patients with HCC, and mutations in methylation regulators were associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Finally, the expression of the YTHDF family was significantly associated with immune infiltration in the HCC microenvironment.

Conclusion
m6A regulators and programmed death-ligand 1 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and immune invasion and escape of HCC and may be risk factors affecting the survival of patients with HCC.
Microextraction procedures for preconcentration of Fe (III) in water and food samples prior to colorimetric detection: a comparative study
Authors: Zedan Hanan E. , Mortada Wael I. , Khalifa Magdi E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo extraction procedures, namely dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFOD), have been compared for the spectrophotometric determination of Fe (III). In both procedures, Fe (III) was extracted after complexation with gallic acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Tetrachloroethylene and 1-undecanol were used as extraction solvents in DLLME and DLLME-SFOD, respectively, while acetone was used as dispersing solvents. The effects of various experimental parameters (solution pH, the concentration of ligand and CTAB, as well as nature and amount of extraction and disperser solvents) on the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 50.0–650.0 and 8.0–800.0 μg L−1 and the detection limits were 15.0 and 5.0 μg L−1 for DLLME and DLLME-SFOD, respectively. The presence of NaCl, up to 1.0% (w/v) did not impact the extraction procedures. The analyte was good tolerated in the presence of most concomitant ions. The procedures were applied for the determination of Fe (III) in standard reference materials and real samples with good recoveries (95.5–99.0%) for DLLME-SFOD while poor recoveries (68.0–82.5%) were obtained when DLLME was applied. The analytical figures of the procedures were comparable with those listed in the literature and it could be concluded that DLLME-SFOD may be considered one of the best tools used for preconcentration of Fe (III), owing to its simplicity, time-saving and the possibility of using in conventional analytical laboratories.
Graphical abstract
Do heritable immune responses extend physiological individuality?
Authors: Juliane Veigl Sophie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImmunology and its philosophy are a primary source for thinking about biological individuality. Through its discriminatory function, the immune system is believed to delineate organism and environment within one generation, thus defining the physiological individual. Based on the paradigmatic instantiations of immune systems, immune interactions and, thus, the physiological individual are believed to last only for one generation. However, in recent years, transgenerationally persisting immune responses have been reported in several phyla, but the consequences for physiological individuality have not yet been explored. In this article, I will introduce an invertebrate immune system that is RNA-based and operates through a heritable silencing/licensing paradigm. I will discuss how such a perspective on immune systems can illuminate our conceptions of individuality. I will particularly introduce an account of immunological individuality that is not restricted to one generation.
Citizen Science and Monitoring Forest Pests: a Beneficial Alliance?
Authors: de Groot Maarten , Pocock Michael J. O. , Bonte Jochem , Fernandez-Conradi Pilar , Valdés-Correcher Elena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewOne of the major threats to tree health, and hence the resilience of forests and their provision of ecosystem services, is new and emerging pests. Therefore, forest health monitoring is of major importance to detect invasive, emerging and native pest outbreaks. This is usually done by foresters and forest health experts, but can also be complemented by citizen scientists. Here, we review the use of citizen science for detection and monitoring, as well as for hypothesis-driven research and evaluation of control measures as part of forest pest surveillance and research. We then examine its limitations and opportunities and make recommendations on the use of citizen science for forest pest monitoring.Recent FindingsThe main opportunities of citizen scientists for forest health are early warning, early detection of new pests, monitoring of impact of outbreaks and scientific research. Each domain has its own limitations, opportunities and recommendations to follow, as well as their own public engagement strategies. The development of new technologies provides many opportunities to involve citizen scientists in forest pest monitoring. To enhance the benefits of citizen scientists’ inclusion in monitoring, it is important that they are involved in the cocreation of activities.SummaryFuture monitoring and research may benefit from tailor-made citizen science projects to facilitate successful monitoring by citizen scientists and expand their practice to countries where the forest health sector is less developed. In this sense, citizen scientists can help understand and detect outbreaks of new pests and avoid problems in the future.
The role of leadership in educational innovation: a comparison of two mathematics departments’ initiation, implementation, and sustainment of active learning
Authors: Funk Rachel , Uhing Karina , Williams Molly , Smith Wendy M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the use of active learning strategies can help improve student success and persistence in STEM-related fields. Despite this, widespread adoption of active learning strategies is not yet a reality as institutional change can be difficult to enact. Accordingly, it is important to understand how departments in institutions of higher education can initiate and sustain meaningful change. We use interview data collected from two institutions to examine how leaders at two universities contributed to the initiation, implementation, and sustainability of active learning in undergraduate calculus and precalculus courses. At each institution, we spoke to 27 stakeholders involved in changes (including administrators, department chairs, course coordinators, instructors, and students). Our results show that the success of these changes rested on the ability of leaders to stimulate significant cultural shifts within the mathematics department. We use communities of transformation theory and the four-frame model of organization change in STEM departments in order to better understand how leaders enabled such cultural shifts. Our study highlights actions leaders may take to support efforts at improving education by normalizing the use of active learning strategies and provides potential reasons for the efficacy of such actions. These results underscore the importance of establishing flexible, distributed leadership models that attend to the cultural and operational norms of a department. Such results may inform leaders at other institutions looking to improve education in their STEM departments.
Undiagnosed Long COVID-19 in China Among Non-vaccinated Individuals: Identifying Persistent Symptoms and Impacts on Patients' Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lei Jie , Zhang Jintao , Yin Longlong , Chen Yanjiao , Xi Yan , Moreira Joaquim Paulo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIs Long COVID-19 under-diagnosed? The definition of this new condition has received many contributions, and it is still under development as a great variety of symptoms have been associated to it. This study explores the possibility that there are non-diagnosed cases among individuals who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 and have not been vaccinated. The long-term symptoms identified among a sample 255 individuals have been associated to Long COVID-19 by recent literature. The study relates these symptoms to risk factors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) negative impacts. The individuals were screened 1 year after discharge to explore its potential relation to Long COVID-19. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and discharged from designated hospitals in a Chinese province between January and April 2020 were included in this study. They received computed tomography (CT) scans one month after discharge. One year after discharge, patients were invited to physical examination and interviewed with questionnaire on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and post-COVID-19 symptoms. Tobit regression and Logistic regression were applied to evaluate the risk factors for health utility value and pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. One year after discharge, 39.61% patients complained of several of the symptoms associated to Long COVID-19. More than half had abnormal chest CT. Previous studies focused on the post-COVID-19 symptoms and chest CT findings of patients, but few studies have assessed the COVID-19-associated risk factors for health-related quality of life.