bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salesperson’s spiritual response to job burnout: the role of karma and the moderating impact of thought self-leadership
Authors: Singh Ramendra , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Shukla Keerti 
Published: January 2022

PurposeIn this conceptual paper, anchoring on the Hindu philosophical doctrine of karma, this study models the impact of salesperson’s karma orientation (KO) (a relatively new construct), in alleviating his/her job burnout. This study also explores the moderating impact of thought self-leadership (TSL).Design/methodology/approachThis study theorizes the impact of KO on salesperson’s burnout by integrating the job demand–resource model with spirituality and TSL literatures.FindingsUsing multi-dimensional construct of KO, this study proposes several research propositions to theorize the impact of each of the four dimensions (i.e. work as selfless action, work as duty towards others, detachment from work-related rewards and equanimity under environmental influences) on three aspects of job burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment). Additionally, this study also theorizes the moderating impact of TSL on the above-mentioned relationships.Practical implicationsOrganizations can adopt the karma doctrine for designing new sales jobs that provide higher meaningfulness and a greater sense of purpose to their salespeople, going beyond extrinsic rewards such as money. Higher KO among the business to business salespersons would lead them to derive higher intrinsic motivation to make karmic investments with their customers knowing that their good deeds with customers would eventually lead to good rewards for themselves, reducing their burnout, while also enhancing their well-being.Originality/valueThe paper makes an original theoretical contribution by theorizing the impact of Hindu philosophy of karma on salesperson’s job burnout, and hence well-being and eventual impact on organizational effectiveness.
Mechanisms of dietary resource partitioning in large‐herbivore assemblages: A plant‐trait‐based approach
Authors: Potter Arjun B. , Hutchinson Matthew C. , Pansu Johan , Wursten Bart , Long Ryan A. , Levine Jonathan M. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Sympatric large mammalian herbivore species differ in diet composition, both by eating different parts of the same plant and by eating different plant species. Various theories proposed to explain these differences are not mutually exclusive, but are difficult to reconcile and confront with data. Moreover, whereas several of these ideas were originally developed with reference to within‐plant partitioning (i.e. consumption of different tissues), they may analogously apply to partitioning of plant species; this possibility has received little attention.

Plant functional traits provide a novel window into herbivore diets and a means of testing multiple hypotheses in a unified framework. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterize the diets of 14 sympatric large‐herbivore species in an African savanna and analysed diet composition in light of 27 functional traits that we measured locally for 204 plant species.

Plant traits associated with the deep phylogenetic split between grasses and eudicots formed the primary axis of resource partitioning, affirming the generality and importance of the grazer–browser spectrum. A secondary axis comprised plant traits relevant to herbivore body size. Plant taxa in the diets of large‐bodied species were lower on average in digestible energy and protein, taller on average (especially among grazers), and tended to be higher in tensile strength, zinc, stem‐specific density, and potassium (and lower in sodium, stem dry matter content, and copper). These results are consistent with longstanding hypotheses linking body size with forage quality and height, yet they also suggest the existence of undiscovered links between herbivore body size and a set of rarely considered food–plant traits. We also tested the novel hypothesis that the leaf economic spectrum (LES), a major focus in plant ecology, is an axis of resource partitioning in large‐herbivore assemblages; we found that the LES was a minor axis of individual variation within a few species, but had little effect on interspecific dietary differentiation.

Synthesis. These results identify key plant traits that underpin the partitioning of food–plant species in large‐herbivore communities and suggest that accounting for multiple plant traits (and trade‐offs among them) will enable a deeper understanding of herbivore–plant interaction networks.
Functional traits predict species responses to environmental variation in a California grassland annual plant community
Authors: Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Kraft Nathan J. B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTurnover in species composition and the dominant functional strategies in plant communities across environmental gradients is a common pattern across biomes, and is often assumed to reflect shifts in trait optima. However, the extent to which community‐wide trait turnover patterns reflect changes in how plant traits affect the vital rates that ultimately determine fitness remain unclear.We tested whether shifts in the community‐weighted means of four key functional traits across an environmental gradient in a southern California grassland reflect variation in how these traits affect species' germination and fecundity across the landscape.We asked whether models that included trait–environment interactions help explain variation in two key vital rates (germination rates and fecundity), as well as an integrative measure of fitness incorporating both vital rates (the product of germination rate and fecundity). To do so, we planted seeds of 17 annual plant species at 16 sites in cleared patches with no competitors, and quantified the lifetime seed production of 1360 individuals. We also measured community composition and a variety of abiotic variables across the same sites. This allowed us to evaluate whether observed shifts in community‐weighted mean traits matched the direction of any trait–environment interactions detected in the plant performance experiment.We found that commonly measured plant functional traits do help explain variation in species responses to the environment—for example, high‐SLA species had a demographic advantage (higher germination rates and fecundity) in sites with high soil Ca:Mg levels, while low‐SLA species had an advantage in low Ca:Mg soils. We also found that shifts in community‐weighted mean traits often reflect the direction of these trait–environment interactions, though not all trait–environment relationships at the community level reflect changes in optimal trait values across these gradients.Synthesis. Our results show how shifts in trait–fitness relationships can give rise to turnover in plant phenotypes across environmental gradients, a fundamental pattern in ecology. We highlight the value of plant functional traits in predicting species responses to environmental variation, and emphasise the need for more widespread study of trait–performance relationships to improve predictions of community responses to global change.
Stakeholder perspectives of the sociotechnical requirements of a telehealth wheelchair assessment service in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Graham Fiona , Boland Pauline , Jones Bernadette , Wallace Sally , Taylor William , Desha Laura , Maggo Jasjot , McKerchar Christina , Grainger Rebecca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionTelehealth is widely proposed to improve access and equity in provision of rehabilitation, including wheelchair assessment, yet the design requirements of telehealth wheelchair assessment that will be accepted and utilised at scale are unclear. Service design that addresses the existing inequities in outcomes for indigenous populations, such as Māori will be critical. The aim of this study was to examine the design requirements of a telehealth wheelchair assessment service from the perspectives of key stakeholders such as wheelchair users and their families, including indigenous (Māori) and health professionals including occupational therapist, and physiotherapist assessors and technicians.MethodsWithin a wider mixed methods design, inductive thematic analysis was applied to focus group and interview data from 23 assessors (19 occupational therapists and four physiotherapist assessors, one of whom was Māori) and 19 wheelchair users (three of whom were Māori).ResultsEight themes were discerned with the final three themes emphasising the experiences of particular concern to Māori: (1) At the mercy of the system; (2) The hurdle of technology; (3) More efficient for all; (4) Lost information and connection; (5) Rights and the right way forward; (6) Cultural safety; (7) Whanaungatanga (relationship building); and (8) Summative disadvantage for Tāngata whaikaha (Māori with disabilities). Themes reflected a recognition of risks and uncertainty associated with tele‐delivered assessment. Conversely, advantages in access, equity, and professional competency were reimagined. Perspectives of Māori included both risks and advantages as perceived by Māori.ConclusionSubstantial dissatisfaction with current wheelchair assessment services among wheelchair users provides context to the impetus for a successful design of a telehealth assessment service. Training in conducting telehealth wheelchair assessment is essential incorporating culturally safe communication practices and support of wheelchair user autonomy while identifying solutions that achieve wheelchair user goals.
Institutional solutions addressing disparities in compensation and advancement of emergency medicine physicians: A critical appraisal of gaps and associated recommendations
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Heron Sheryl , Lall Michelle D. , Blomkalns Andra , Arbelaez Christian , Lopez Bernard , Lin Michelle , Rounds Kirsten , Sethuraman Kinjal N. , Safdar Basmah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in salary and advancement of emergency medicine (EM) faculty by race and gender have been consistently demonstrated for over three decades. Prior studies have largely focused on individual‐level solutions. To identify systems‐based interventions, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) formed the Research Equity Task Force in 2018 with members from multiple academies (the Academy of Academic Chairs in Emergency Medicine [AACEM], the Academy of Academic Administrators in Emergency Medicine [AAAEM], the Academy for Women in Academic Emergency Medicine [AWAEM], and the Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Medicine [ADIEM]) and sought recommendations from EM departmental leaders.MethodsThe task force conducted interviews containing both open‐ended narrative and closed‐ended questions in multiple phases. Phase 1 included a convenience sample of chairs of EM departments across the United States, and phase 2 included vice‐chairs and other faculty who lead promotion and advancement. The task force identified common themes from the interviews and then developed three‐tiered sets of recommendations (minimal, target, and aspirational) based on participant responses. In phase 3, iterative feedback was collected and implemented on these recommendations from study participants and chairs participating in a national AACEM webinar.ResultsIn findings from 53 interviews of chairs, vice‐chairs, and faculty leaders from across the United States, we noted heterogeneity in the faculty development and promotion processes across institutions. Four main themes were identified from the interviews: the need for a directed, structured promotion process; provision of structured mentorship; clarity on requirements for promotion within tracks; and transparency in salary structure. Recommendations were developed to address gaps in structured mentorship and equitable promotion and compensation.ConclusionsThese recommendations for AEM departments have the potential to increase structured mentorship programs, improve equity in promotion and advancement, and reduce disparities in the AEM workforce. These recommendations have been endorsed by SAEM, AACEM, AWAEM, ADIEM, and AAAEM.
Immunomodulator FTY720 improves glucose homeostasis and diabetic complications by rejuvenation of β‐cell function in nonhuman primate model of diabetes
Authors: Wang Yixin (Jim) , Wang Xiaoli , An Annie , Zang Mingfa , Xu Ling , Gong Kefeng , Song Weihua , Li Qing , Lu Xiaojun , Xiao Yong‐Fu , Yu Guoliang , Ma Zhongmin A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInadequate β‐cell mass is essential for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous report showed that an immunomodulator FTY720, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, sustainably normalized hyperglycemia by stimulating β‐cell in vivo regeneration in db/db mice. We further examined the effects of FTY720 on glucose homeostasis and diabetic complications in a translational nonhuman primate (NHP) model of spontaneously developed diabetes. The male diabetic cynomolgus macaques of 18–19 year old were randomly divided into Vehicle (Purified water, n = 5) and FTY720 (5 mg/kg, n = 7) groups with oral gavage once daily for 10 weeks followed by 10 weeks drug free period. Compared with the Vehicle group, FTY720 effectively lowered HbA1c, blood concentrations of fasting glucose (FBG) and insulin, hence, decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR); ameliorated glucose intolerance and restored glucose‐stimulated insulin release, indicating rejuvenation of β‐cell function in diabetic NHPs. Importantly, after withdrawal of FTY720, FBG, and HbA1c remained at low level in the drug free period. Echocardiography revealed that FTY720 significantly reduced proteinuria and improved cardiac left ventricular systolic function measured by increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the diabetic NHPs. Finally, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) detected that FTY720 significantly reduced CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes as well as increased DC cells in the circulation. Immunomodulator FTY720 improves glucose homeostasis via rejuvenation of β‐cell function, which can be mediated by suppression of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes to β‐cells, thus, may be a novel immunotherapy to reverse T2D progression and ameliorate the diabetic complications.
Power surplus solutions for weighted hypergraph communication situations
Authors: Li Xianghui , Joosten Reinoud , Uetz Marc , Li Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study a framework of weighted hypergraph communication situations, in which each hyperlink is interpreted as a conference and the same players may have different weights in different conferences. Since common players play an intermediary role in the communication between conferences for hypergraph communication situations, we believe that noncommon players should pay a certain fee to the common players as an intermediary fee, and accordingly propose a concept of power index. We define and characterize so‐called power surplus solutions for weighted acyclic hypergraph communication situations, which distribute the surplus of each conference based on the power index of its members. Finally, two applications of power surplus solutions are discussed.
Species distribution and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in enterococcus spp. isolates from rabbits residing in diverse ecosystems: A new reservoir of linezolid and vancomycin resistance
Authors: Lengliz Sana , Cheriet Sarah , Raddaoui Anis , Klibi Naouel , Ben Chehida Noureddine , Najar Taha , Abbassi Mohamed Salah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Worldwide, studies regarding antimicrobial resistance in rabbits are scarce. In addition, it seems that rearing conditions have important impact on emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Thus, the authors sought to (1) assess the role of rabbits residing across diverse ecosystems as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and (2) investigate the genetic background of detected resistances.

Methods and Results
Faecal samples from 60 healthy farmed rabbits (one farm), 35 laboratory rabbits and 31 wild rabbits were analysed. Overall, 97 enterococci isolates were accumulated, as follows: 44 E. faecium, 37 E. faecalis, 7 E. gallinarum, 5 E. durans and 4 E. avium. E. faecalis isolates were statistically associated with farm rabbits and wild rabbits (p &lt; 0.05). High rates of resistance were observed for tetracycline (60.8%; tetM [n = 48; 81.3%], tetO [n = 7; 11.8%] and tetL [n = 1; 1.7%]), erythromycin (43.3%; msr(A) [n = 14; 33.3%] and ermB [n = 13; 31%]), ampicillin (29.9%), streptomycin (26.8%; ant(6)-Ia [n = 3, 11.5%]) and vancomycin (21.6%; vanA [one E. faecium + one E. faecalis; 9.5%]). Low frequencies of resistance were observed for teicoplanin (9.2%), linezolid (8.2%), ciprofloxacin (7.2%) and gentamicin (1%; aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia). Resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin was associated with laboratory rabbits (p &lt; 0.05). Int-Tn (Tn916/1545) was detected in 27 (27.8%) isolates, of which 10 isolates co-harboured tetM and ermB genes, while 16 comprised tetM.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that clinically relevant enterococci species isolated from rabbits are frequently resistant to antimicrobials and harbour a range of genes associated with the Tn916/1545 family.

Significance and Impact of the study
This study highlights the high rates of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci from rabbits and the occurrence of both vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant isolates, potentially representing a very serious threat to human and animal health.
Predictors of 1‐year drug‐related admissions in older multimorbid hospitalized adults
Authors: Aubert Carole E. , Rodondi Nicolas , Netzer Seraina , Dalleur Olivia , Spinewine Anne , Maanen Clara Drenth‐van , Knol Wilma , O'Mahony Denis , Aujesky Drahomir , Donzé Jacques 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying patients at high risk of drug‐related hospital admission (DRA) may help to efficiently target preventive interventions. We developed a score to predict DRAs in older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy.MethodsWe used participants from the multicenter European OPERAM trial (“Optimising PharmacothERapy in the Mutlimorbid Elderly”). We assessed the association between easily identifiable predictors and 1‐year DRAs by univariable logistic regression. Variables withp‐value< 0.20 were taken forward to backward regression. We retained all variables withp < 0.05 in the model. We assessed the C‐statistic, calibration (observed/predicted proportions), and overall accuracy (scaled Brier score, <0.25 indicating a useful model) of the score, and internally validated it by tenfold cross‐validation.ResultsWithin 1 year, 435/1879 (23.2%) patients (mean age 79.4 years) had a DRA. The score included seven variables: previous hospitalizations, non‐elective admission, hypertension, cirrhosis with portal hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diuretic, oral corticosteroid. The C‐statistic was 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.67). Patients with <1 point had a 12.4% predicted and observed risk of DRA, while those with >3 points had a 40.4% predicted and 38.9% observed risk of DRA. The scaled Brier score was 0.05. Calibration showed an adequate match between predicted and observed proportions.ConclusionComorbidities related to drug metabolism, specific medications, non‐elective admission, and a history of hospitalization, were associated with a higher risk of DRA. Awareness of these associations and the score we developed may help identify patients most likely to benefit from preventive interventions.
Regulation of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuron during stress
Authors: McCosh Richard B. , O'Bryne Kevin T. , Karsch Fred J. , Breen Kellie M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of stress on reproduction and gonadal function has captivated investigators for almost 100 years. Following the identification of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) 50 years ago, a niche research field emerged fixated on how stress impairs this central node controlling downstream pituitary and gonadal function. It is now clear that both episodic GnRH secretion in males and females and surge GnRH secretion in females are inhibited during a variety of stress types. There has been considerable advancement in our understanding of numerous stress‐related signaling molecules and their ability to impair reproductive neuroendocrine activity during stress. Recently, much attention has turned to the effects of stress on two populations of kisspeptin neurons: the stimulatory afferents to GnRH neurons that regulate pulsatile and surge‐type gonadotropin secretion. Indeed, future work is still required to fully construct the neuroanatomical framework underlying stress effects, directly or indirectly, on GnRH neuron function. The present review evaluates and synthesizes evidence related to stress‐related signaling molecules acting directly on GnRH neurons. Here, we review the evidence for and against the action of a handful of signaling molecules as inhibitors of GnRH neuron function, including corticotropin‐releasing hormone, urocortins, norepinephrine, cortisol/corticosterone, calcitonin gene‐related peptide and arginine‐phenylalanine‐amide‐related peptide‐3.
Employing microbotox technique for facial rejuvenation and face‐lift
Authors: Iranmanesh Behzad , Khalili Maryam , Mohammadi Saman , Amiri Rezvan , Aflatoonian Mahin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrobotox technique, intradermal injection of microdroplets of botulinum toxin, is a favorable rejuvenation approach in subjects who prefer more natural appearance.AimTo determine the best injection techniques (dosage, concentration, as well as number and location of injection points), efficacy and side effects of this innovative technique for facial rejuvenation.MethodsWe conducted a search in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from conception until October 2021 with keywords “microbotox” OR “mesobotox” OR “intradermal injection” AND “botulinum toxin” AND “rejuvenation” AND “wrinkle” AND “face‐lift.”ResultsTwenty articles were included in this review article. Different types of formulation including onabotulinum toxin A (OBA), abobotulinum toxin A (ABO), and incobotulinum toxin A (IBA) were used. The most used concentrations were 10–20 u/cc of OBA. Number of injection points varied from 4 (forehead and periorbital areas) to 999 (entire face) with 2 mm to 2 cm apart. Adjuvant treatment modalities were cross‐linked hyaluronic acid, intense pulsed laser, and Fraxel laser. Most studies reported the initial results appeared after 5–14 days of procedure, lasting for nearly 3–6 months.ConclusionMicrobotox is an efficient and attractive method for facial rejuvenation, mid‐lower face‐lifting, and fine wrinkles reduction in forehead, periocular, and cheek regions, especially in younger‐aged subjects. Furthermore, it is a suitable treatment for neck rejuvenation and recontouring of lower mandibular border, particularly in older subjects with marked skin laxity.