bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards lung cancer among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Dlamini S. B. , Sartorius B. , Ginindza T. G. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer mortality estimated at 1.8 million deaths. There are limited studies in resource poor countries regarding knowledge, attitudes and practices towards lung cancer.Objective. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lung cancer in selected communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods. An observational, analytic cross-sectional study design was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. A stratified random cluster sampling method was applied across five communities. A regression model was developed to identify the predictors of the level of knowledge.Results. About 59.9% (95% CI 52.0 - 67.3) of the participants reported to have heard of lung cancer. The mean knowledge score was 41.8% (95% CI 35.7 - 47.9%). Coughing blood was the most recognized symptom (61.0%, 95% CI 52.1 - 69.1). About 17% (95% CI 14.7 - 21.5) of participants reported to be smokers. Many respondents reported that they would go to a health centre or clinic in case they were coughing blood (72.4%, 95% CI 93.9 - 79.5). Less than 10% (95% CI 3.9 - 8.1) of participants was screened for lung cancer at the time. Gender, history of working in the chemicals industry, screening for lung cancer, and time taken to seek health care when sick were significant predictors of lung cancer knowledge.Conclusions. Public health interventions should be explored to increase the levels of community awareness regarding lung cancer, particularly focusing on the importance of screening, early diagnosis and treatment.
Resolution of daytime and night-time respiratory symptoms but persistent sleep apnea in severe asthma with the add-on of benralizumab
Authors: Tondo Pasquale , Fanfulla Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The relationship between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely debated topic in the scientific literature with the controversy surrounding the bi-directional nature of the correlation.Case presentation: We report the case of a 59-year-old male being affected by severe allergic eosinophilic asthma and severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 32 ev·hr-1). Due to a clinical worsening of asthma (aggravation of dyspnea, chest constriction and night-time respiratory symptoms), despite the optimal therapy for asthma and recurrent administration of systemic corticosteroids, we have added-on treatment with benralizumab (monoclonal anti-interleukin 5 antibody). After eight months, the patient reported an improvement in asthma control (asthma control test [ACT]= 25 points), in pulmonary function and a good control of nocturnal symptoms of both diseases (i.e., wheezing, snoring, etc.). Then, the follow-up polysomnography (PSG) was performed resulting in a high reduction of OSA severity (~18% AHI) even if obstructive events persisted and almost resolution of nocturnal hypoxemia. So, a trial with positive airway pressure (PAP) was proposed to the patient, who declined.Conclusions: In consideration of our experience, we suggest that the nocturnal profile of patients with severe asthma should be always studied by a sleep investigation to prevent the negative effects of interaction with OSA. However, further studies on larger samples are needed to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of benralizumab on obstructive events during sleep.
Ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parveen Shadman , Bhatnagar Kavita , Singh Pratibha , Meena Seema , Suman Suwarna , Shiromani Sakshi 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to compare ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant females.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a single-center, prospective, analytical cross-sectional study including pregnant females with a gestational age of 24 weeks or more in the GDM and control groups. The GDM group included 162 pregnant females with GDM, and the control group included 162 healthy pregnant females. Peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL), macular RNFL (mRNFL), GCL+ (ganglion cell layer [GCL] + inner plexiform layer [IPL]), and GCL++ (mRNFL + GCL + IPL) thickness were analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and comparisons were made between the groups.

RESULTS:
Both the groups had similar mean age (P = 0.219), intraocular pressure (P = 0.186), central corneal thickness (P = 0.689), Schirmer test value (P = 0.931), and tear breakup time (P = 0.651). The mean pRNFL thickness of the GDM and control groups was 100.75 ± 8.36 μm and 106.77 ± 8.44 μm (P < 0.0001). pRNFL was significantly thinner in all four quadrants (P < 0.05) in the GDM compared to the control group. We observed that the mean mRNFL, GCL+, and GCL++ thickness were significantly reduced in GDM in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Our study showed that OCT plays an indispensable role in determining initial retinal changes caused by GDM before the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Evaluation of Thyroid Lesions by the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Authors: Hashmi Syed Asif , Aggrawal Monika , Pandey Rahul , Gulati Deepika , Khan Inam Danish 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Thyroid swellings are one of the most commonly encountered lesions with most of the thyroid swellings being benign. The cancerous lesions of the thyroid also present as nodules or masses and pose a diagnostic challenge. The thyroid cytology reporting system has been inconsistent with the use of various terminologies. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was introduced in 2007 to bring about uniformity in reporting of thyroid lesions.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare conventional reporting with TBSRTC.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was done in which 6 years of data were retrieved. Cytology slides were reviewed and categorized as per the TBSRTC and compared with other studies.

Results:
There were numerous categories in the conventional thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology reporting system which has been reduced to six categories in TBSRTC. TBSRTC has also streamlined the reporting removing the confusion among cytologists and clinicians.

Conclusion:
TBSRTC is consistent and reproducible and should be used as a standard method of reporting.
Erdogan against Turkey։ Stalemate of “Patriot-F-35-S-400” triangle
Authors: Gabrielyan Hayk 
Published: October 2022

After the attempted military coup in 2016, Turkey began to show interest in the Russian S-400 systems, and initially there was an impression that Turkey was only bluffing, was simply using Russia in its relations with the United States (as it had previously done with China (CPMIEC) in the same matter) and was seeking to show the US that it had an alternative (S-400). However, Turkey showed its persistence, and was able to buy these systems quite quickly, despite the fact that the United States strongly opposed it. In this context, this study aims to clarify the main reasons for Turkey's persistence on this issue, taking into account the personal factor of Erdogan.
The article also analyzes the authoritarian strengthening of militarism and Erdogan’s personal factor for buying the S-400, who was the beneficiary of buying the S-400 systems. This article shows that sometimes Erdogan’s personal interests and Turkey’s state interests should be separated from each other, that in some cases Erdogan’s personal interests and Turkey’s state interests may or may not coincide partially or completely․ It is emphasized that in each case of conflict of interests, Erdogan’s personal interests prevail, that the problems should be examined first of all from the perspective of Erdogan’s personal interests and not from Turkey’s state interests, otherwise many things remain unclear and unexplained.
Focusing on Turkey’s purchase of the S-400 systems, this study also asks why NATO member Turkey even after the purchase has not given up those Russian systems and why it still continues to persist․ The topic is also actual for Armenia, as it is related to the sphere of the Turkish Air Force and the defense capability of Turkey in general, its prospects. The article describes the brief history of Turkey’s purchase of S-400 systems, analyzes the motives of that move from territorial, temporal, cause-and-effect, and other perspectives, and presents Turkey’s attempts to get out of the existing situation. This study aims to identify the main trends underlying the conflict between Erdogan and the Turkish political elite over the purchase of the S-400.
Causas frecuentes de cirrosis hepática en el hospital ambulatorio, seguro social, Jipijapa, Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Fernández Aguilar María Emilia , Toala Bozada Gustavo , Placencia López Bárbara Miladys , Merchán Ponce Holanda Mariola , Aliatis Bravo Angélica 
Published: October 2022

Son numerosas las causas que provocan lesiones del hígado que finalmente llevan a una cirrosis. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de identificar las causas frecuentes de cirrosis hepática en el Hospital Ambulatorio del Seguro Social de Jipijapa, Manabí, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo, considerando para el estudio pacientes atendidos en consultas de gastroenterología entre enero 2015 y enero 2017, seleccionándose aquellos con diagnóstico de cirrosis y con edades iguales o superiores a los 20 años en cuya historia clínica constaran estudios de factores etiológicos. La muestra quedó formada por 64 enfermos. Se revisaron las historias del Modelo AS 400 y se recolectaron los datos necesarios, analizándose posibles causas etiológicas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la tabla de frecuencia en el software SPSS versión 22.0 para Windows. Entre los principales resultados pueden mencionarse que la cirrosis hepática aumentó con la edad, siendo más frecuente entre los pacientes de más de 60 años sin diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo. Según el tiempo de diagnóstico el grupo de pacientes más numeroso estuvo entre los 0 y 5 años, decreciendo el número de enfermos a mayor tiempo de seguimiento en consulta. La complicación más frecuente detectada fue la presencia de varices esofágicas. La esteatosis hepática seguida del alcoholismo asociado a la misma, fueron las causas más frecuentes de cirrosis.
COVID-19. Inestabilidad laboral y pobreza en el Ecuador
Authors: Medranda Zambrano Karla Edith , Mero Chávez Betsy Geomara , García Quimiz Esperanza Teresa 
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 tendrá un impacto amplio en el mercado laboral, además de causar preocupaciones a corto plazo sobre la salud de los trabajadores y sus familias, el virus y la consiguiente crisis económica también afectarán negativamente al mundo del trabajo, aunque la epidemia se verá más afectada por el aislamiento y la incomunicación social. El principal problema de este proceso en la actualidad, es el trabajo que se considera como punto fundamental para el desarrollo de las instituciones públicas o privadas dirigidas por los empleadores, dado que el covid-19 no solo afecta la salud de muchas personas, sino que también afecta a la economía global, por ello el objetivo de esta investigación es indagar el desafío al que se enfrentan el país, redescubrir el camino del crecimiento económico y la protección laboral y social. Aplicado bajo un método documental, teniendo como estrategia de búsqueda, libros, revistas, filmaciones, periódicos, bibliografías, etc. Teniendo como resultado, la identificación del ser empleado público que está asociado con mayor satisfacción laboral que las otras categorías de trabajador. También a la fecha Ecuador cuenta con más de 235 mil teletrabajadores con el fin de dar cumplimiento al Decreto Ejecutivo 1017, el Ministerio de Trabajo lleva adelante inspecciones a escala nacional para precautelar el cumplimiento de las disposiciones y sobre todo velar por la salud de los trabajadores y de la ciudadanía.
Análisis del impacto psicológico del aislamiento obligatorio por el COVID-19 en los estudiantes de la Carrera de Enfermería del Instituto Tecnológico Sudamericano
Authors: Serrano Zari Mabel del Carmen , Gómez Salgado Diana Margarita 
Published: October 2022

La depresión es un trastorno psicológico, caracterizado por la presencia de síntomas asociados como la tristeza, llanto, cambios en el patrón de sueño y apetito, entre otros. En el contexto de la pandemia COVID 19 y el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio se pudo evidenciar la presencia de este trastorno, afectando a todos los grupos etarios, en el presente estudio nos enfocamos a la población estudiantil del Nivel Técnico Superior en Enfermería del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Sudamericano (ISTS), en donde se planteó determinar el impacto psicológico causado por la pandemia, nos propusimos determinar el nivel de depresión mediante la aplicación del inventario de depresión de Beck, el cual consta de 21 ítems que evalúan diversos estados de ánimo del encuestado tales como: tristeza, pesimismo, autocrítica, cambios en el apetito, cansancio, sueño, entre otros. Posterior a ellos se procedió a realizar la suma e interpretación de los puntajes. Se pudo determinar que durante la pandemia el 35% de los estudiantes se encuentran con altibajos en su salud mental que son considerados normales, el 18% tuvieron una leve perturbación del estado de ánimo, el 14% presentaron depresión moderada y otro 14% no mostraron ningún signo de depresión, los porcentajes más bajos que se obtuvieron fueron 8% estados de depresión intermitentes, 7% depresión grave y 4% depresión extrema.
Diabetes and Inflammation; Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Diabetic Nephropathy in Rawalpindi
Authors: Salim Hassan , Perveen Shahida , Mahwish Niaz  , Omar Ahsan  , Farwa Umm-e- , Rehana Ramzan  
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of elevated C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetics and to compare the levels of C-reactive protein between people with diabetes and non-diabetics nephropathy among the population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study Diabetic and Medical OPD of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2019 to July 2019. A total of 150 patients who had type 2 diabetes, aged between 35 to 60 years, irrespective of gender, were included. Blood samples were collected for blood sugar random, fasting, renal function test, WBC count, and C-reactive protein. Urine samples were collected for the measurement of 24-hour urinary proteins. The presence or absence of proteinuria was used to categorize patients into two groups. Group A consisted of 58 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have nephropathy, and Group B consisted of 92 patients with type 2 diabetes who had nephropathy (proteinuria greater than 30 mg/dl in 24 hours).
Results: The meanÂ age in our study was 49.41+7.66. Ninety-two patients (61.3%) presented with diabetic nephropathy. CRP levels (> 8200 ng/ml) were raised in 50 (54.3%) patients of group B and 19 (32.8%) patients of group A. The difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.010).
Conclusion: This study showed a higher prevalence of raised CRP in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy. This reinforces the idea that low-grade inflammation has an essential role in the inception and evolution of diabetic renal disease.
Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Weight Loss in Morbid Obese Patients
Authors: Muhammad Naeem Taj  , Israr Ahmed  , Yasmin Iqbal  , Zakia Akbar  , Muhammad Aamir Saeed  , Muhammad Adnan  
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss in morbidly obese patients at Capital Hospital, Islamabad.
Methodology: This descriptive case series study was done at Capital Hospital, CDA, Islamabad during a period of one-year from February 2019 to January 2020. All the patients with a body mass index of 35 or greater, with or without comorbidities, aged 18 to 65 years of either gender were included. All the patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss. At the 1st, third, and 6th monthâ€™s follow-up, postoperative weight loss was noted. Effectiveness was taken in terms of > 10% weight loss maintained at 6 months.Â
Results: The overall study participants' average age was 57Â±9.77 years, and females were in the majority (62%). Overall, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was effective in 85% of patients and was not effective in 15% of patients. The average BMI was 37.31 kg/m2. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy showed effectiveness in 57 (85%) patients, while 10 (15%) of the patients' weight was not lost. Effectiveness was statistically insignificant according to age, gender, and comorbidities, p-values were quite insignificant (>0.05).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was observed to be an effective technique for weight loss in morbid obese patients. It did decrease the morbidities and improve the quality of life.
On the Solution of the Variable Order Time Fractional Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Abdel-Salam Emad , Nouh Mohamed , Alali Elham 
Published: October 2022

In the present paper, we used the Adomian decomposition method to obtain solutions of linear and nonlinear variable order fractional Schrödinger equations. Twelve illustrative applications have been presented. When the fractional order is unity, the results are the same as those obtained by the standard integer order derivative. Some of the obtained results are discussed graphically. Some of the obtained results 1st appear in the literature. This technique can be applied to other linear or nonlinear fractional differential models.
HIGHLIGHTS

We study a class of time variable-order fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations (tVOFNLSEs)
We introduce a new procedure for solving the tVOFNLSE and tVOFSE
We used the Adomian decomposition method to obtain solutions of linear and nonlinear variable order fractional equations
The calculations are performed in the frame of Caputo sense

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Trigonometri, Geogebra, dan Infografis: Sebuah Prosedur Pembelajaran yang Sangkil dan Mangkus
Authors: Azizah Muflichati Nurin 
Published: October 2022

Trigonometri merupakan salah satu bagian Matematika yang dianggap sulit oleh sebagian besar peserta didik. Salah satu yang harus mereka pelajari adalah menggambar grafik fungsi Trigonometri. Peserta didik mempelajari dan menguasai menggambar grafik fungsi Trigonometri dengan tiga cara yaitu menentukan koordinat titik, menentukan amplitudo dan periode, atau dengan menggunakan translasi. Pembelajaran melibatkan dua kelas ampuan penulis dengan harapan mereka mendapat maanfaat positif dari kegiatan ini. Penggunaan GeoGebra dilanjutkan dengan membuat infografis tentang grafik fungsi Trigonometri mengarahkan peserta didik dalam suatu prosedur pembelajaran yang efisien (sangkil). Mereka secara aktif mengolah ilmu yang diperoleh. Peserta didik mendapat kesempatan untuk mengolah sendiri ilmu yang diperoleh secara tepat melalui eksplorasi karakteristik grafik fungsi. Penggunaan sarana belajar di kelas berupa internet yang memadai dapat membantu proses pembelajaran, hemat biaya, waktu, dan tenaga. Penggunaan GeoGebra diikuti dengan membuat infografis adalah efektif (mangkus) untuk pembelajaran grafik fungsi Trigonometri ditunjukkan dengan kualitas hasil pembelajaran yang diperoleh peserta didik. Hasil rerata nilai tugas infografis KD 3.10 dan 4.10 pada kelas adalah X MIPA-1 adalah 92,69 dan 93,98 serta X MIPA-2 adalah 92,86 dan 94,05. Hasil Penilaian Harian-1 dan Penilaian Harian-2 berturut-turut adalah untuk kelas X MIPA-1 80,83 dan 83,22 sedangkan untuk X MIPA-2 adalah 81,94 dan 84,54. Dari berbagai hasil tersebut dapat disimpulan bahwa Trigonometri, GeoGebra, dan Infografis bila dipadukan dapat menjadi prosedur yang sangkil dan mangkus dalam pembelajaran.
Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Breyanzi)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: October 2022

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses lisocabtagene maraleucel cell suspension in patient-specific single-dose vials, 60 × 106 to 120 × 106 chimeric antigen receptor-positive viable T-cells (consisting of CD4 and CD8 components at a ratio range from 0.8 to 1.2), for IV infusion.
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after 2 or more lines of systemic therapy, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising from follicular lymphoma.
What's new in the etiotropic therapy of coronavirus infection?
Authors: Будневский А.В. 
Published: October 2022

Рост числа случаев COVID-19 ставит перед российской медицинской наукой задачи разработки новых препаратов для борьбы с этой инфекцией. Ведь речь идет не только о самом заболевании, но и о его последствиях для всего организма. О важности своевременного начала лечения, о новых схемах терапии COVID-19, о препаратах, разработанных российскими учеными, рассказал заслуженный изобретатель РФ Андрей Будневский, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии ФГБОУ имени Н. Н. Бурденко.
The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 poses new challenges for Russian medical science to develop new drugs to combat this infection. After all, we are talking not only about the disease itself, but also about its consequences for the entire in the human body. Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation Andrey Budnevsky, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution named after N. N. Burdenko, told us about the importance of the timely start of treatment, about new regimens for treating COVID-19 and about drugs developed by Russian scientists.