bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Lignin metabolism involved in zinc-alleviating effects on iron-induced phytotoxicity in wheat roots
Authors: Li Yaping , Zhang Ya , Zhang Aimei , Wang Zhaofeng , Li Qiong , Shi Shuqian , Yang Yingli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to reveal the mechanisms of Fe-inhibited plant root growth and Zn-alleviating effects on iron (Fe) toxicity, wheat cultivars Xihan 4 seedlings were used to investigate the relationship between root growth and synthetic metabolism of lignin in response to 300 µM Fe stress alone or in combination with 50 or 250 µM zinc (Zn). Fe-alone-exposed roots exhibited significant increase of cell wall lignin content and the stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), laccase (LAC), cell wall bound guaiacol peroxidase activity (CW-bound GPX) and conifers alcohol peroxidase (CAPX) activities as well as the up-regulation of TaPAL, Ta4CL, TaCAD and TaLAC expression. In comparison with Fe stress alone, the presence of Zn effectively alleviated the changes of these parameters in Fe-treated roots. And also, the results of lignin staining in the root tissue were consistent with those of lignin detection in wheat seedlings under different treatments. Further study showed the increase of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in conjunction with the stimulation of CW-bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase, plasma membrane (PM) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Fe-alone-stressed roots compared with untreated ones, but Fe + Zn treatment partially reversed the changes of these parameters in comparison with Fe exposure alone. Furthermore, the application of exogenous H2O2 not only enhanced the amount of cell wall lignin in Zn + Fe-treated roots but also significantly blocked Zn-alleviating effect on Fe-induced inhibition of root growth. In conclusion, the inhibition of root growth was associated with the increased accumulation of cell wall lignin in response to Fe exposure alone, which was due to the stimulation of lignin metabolizing enzymes and the up-regulation of related enzyme gene expression and the increase of apoplastic H2O2 generation in wheat roots under Fe exposure alone. It was also suggested that Zn-alleviating effect on Fe-induced inhibition of root growth might be related to the reduction of lignin content of root cell wall resulting from the decrease of apoplastic H2O2 content when wheat seedlings were exposed to Fe + Zn treatment.
Characteristic and Phylogenetic analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain CH/JSXZ /2015
Authors: Huan Changchao , Guo Xinyue , Chen Pengxiang , Ni Bo , Zhang Wei , Yao Jingting , Jiang Luyao , Gao Song 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain CH/JSXZ/2015, from natural onset piglets in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. The gene sequence of isolate CH/JSXZ/2015 (JSXZ) consists of 42% G + C and 58% A + T. The total length excluding the poly(A) tail is 28,044 nucleotides (nt). At the whole-genome level, CH/JSXZ/2015 showed the highest nucleotide identity (99.5%) with CH/GDZHDM/1401 strain (KR153326.1 and KR153326.1), and the lowest similarity (93.5%) to 85 − 7-mutant1 strain. CH/JSXZ/2015 S amino acid identity was 90.8%‐99.8% compared with other strains. CH/JSXZ/2015 ORF3 amino acid identity was 91.2%‐100.0% compared with other PEDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome, S and ORF3 revealed that CH/JSXZ /2015 is most genetically close to CH/GDZHDM/1401 strain (KR153326.1 and KR153326.1) isolated in China in 2014. It will assist to understand the trend of popularity and evolution of PEDV in China.
Biodigester model selection method with a multicriteria approach
Authors: Júnior Edward Seabra , Colmenero¹ João Carlos , Junior Aldo Braghini , Montequin Vicente Rodriguez 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The installation of biodigesters in rural properties, slaughterhouses, and agro-industries is considered a useful measure for treating biomass and biogas and biofertilizer production and the anaerobic digestion is an effective solution for the biomass treatment. To install the system, it is common for the decision-maker to come across several models of biodigesters. Therefore, the most appropriate one must be chosen, taking into account the characteristics of the project. The biodigester type's lousy choice can result in ineffective biomass treatment, insufficient biogas production, and extra costs for the project. To solve this problem, the present study proposes a method to support the selection of biodigester types for biogas production. The technique consists of applying six steps in conjunction with a multicriteria process. To demonstrate its practical application, a case study was carried out considering six biodigester alternatives: Floating bell, Cylindrical chamber, Batch, Biokohler, Tubular, Uasb. In addition to the criteria of installation, cleaning and maintenance costs, efficiency in treatment, the volume of biogas, life cycle, and biomass flow. The results obtained allowed us to reach an order of preference among biodigesters' models from the most preferable to the least preferable.
Comparative study on ventilation and air conditioning system schemes based on virus pollution control in hospital infusion room
Authors: Cao Weixue , Zhang Xudong , Yao Wanxiang , Sun Run , Du Yutong , Shi Quanbin , Li Zipeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Covid-19 is transmitted through droplets containing the virus and very small particles exhaled by infected people. These droplets and particles may be inhaled by others, or fall into their eyes, mouth and nose. In some cases, they may contaminate the contact surface. It is most likely to be infected if they are less than 1m away from the infected person. To evaluate the effects of different air conditioning systems on the spread of human exhaled pollutants, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the movement and diffusion of exhaled air from two rows of 12 sitting adults in a hospital's closed transfusion room. In this paper, a closed transfusion room with 12 human models was established firstly, and the mathematical model verified by experimental test results was used to study the propagation of viral aerosol particles in the enclosed space under different air conditioning systems. The result showed that when the transverse strong air flow is generated in the room, the concentration distribution of virus particles will show a roll like distribution, and the personnel inside the roll will cause new infection. The air flow generated by the air conditioning system will affect the dispersion of droplets in the air. Evaluating and guiding the air flow to avoid blowing air from one person to another may reduce the risk.
Rectangular Top-Hinged Plate as a Portable Flow Measuring Device
Authors: Gorgin F. , Vatankhah Ali R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flow measurement is still one of the important topics in the field of irrigation and drainage. The present study investigates the hinged plates for discharge measurement in horizontal and sloping rectangular open channels under free flow condition. The proposed simple device is a portable one; an advantage that other devices such as weirs, orifices, gates, and fixed flumes do not have. A top-hinged plate deflects by flowing water. The deflection angle of the plate can be used for formulating the flow discharge either as dependent or as independent variable. Two discharge models are proposed based on the Buckingham’s theorem of dimensional analysis. The first model (Model I) considers deflection angle as an independent variable while the second model (Model II) considers it as a dependent variable. The top-hinged plate may be installed in a horizontal or in a sloping channel, which is more practical. A series of laboratory experiments (687 runs) were performed to investigate different plates configurations installed along the horizontal and sloping rectangular channels. Using the data collected from the channels of slopes 0 and 0.005, the proposed models were calibrated. The results showed that as the slope of the channel increases, the accuracy of the proposed method slightly decreases. The first general model had an average error of 2.32%, while the second general model had an average error of 3.19%, thus flow discharge through the rectangular channels with longitudinal slopes in range of [0, 0.005] can be accurately estimated using the proposed discharge models. Based on this experimental study, when the mass plate is unknown the plate length can be used instead in Modell II and effect of the plate mass may be compensated by the plate length in this case. The proposed inline top-hinged portable plate offers a simple and reliable discharge measurement approach with acceptable accuracy for both horizontal and sloping rectangular channels.
Preparation of Super-hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics with Conductive Property based on Graphene/Ag Composite Aerogels
Authors: Liu Yangchun , Xu Lihui , Pan Hong , Wang Liming , Shen Yong , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, graphene/Ag (GA/Ag) composite aerogels with the micro rough porous structure and conductive property and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) with the low surface energy were used to prepare super-hydrophobic cotton fabric (GA/Ag/PDMS@cotton) with conductive property was successfully prepared. The surface morphologies, chemical composition, wettability, conductive property and microwave absorption property of GA/Ag/PDMS@cotton fabric were characterized. It was shown that GA/Ag and PDMS were successfully coated onto the surface of cotton fabrics. The water contact angle of GA/Ag/PDMS@cotton was 157°. And it could make the luminous diode shining continuously. The treated cotton fabrics exhibited excellent super-hydrophobic and conductive properties. The minimum reflection loss of GA/Ag/PDMS@cotton fabric was − 28dB, and it had a larger effective absorption bandwidth. In addition, the treated cotton fabric also showed excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. The GA/Ag/PDMS@cotton fabric cannot be wetted and polluted by water, fruit juice, milk and black tea. And it also had excellent laundering durability, acid and alkali corrosion and storage stability.
Surgical outcomes between posterior decompression alone and posterior decompression with fusion surgery among patients with Meyerding grade 2 degenerative spondylolisthesis: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Tozawa Keiichiro , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Kumanomido Yudai , Higashikawa Akiro , Yosihida Yuichi , Kawamura Naohiro , Sasaki Katsuyuki , Azuma Seiichi , Yu Jim , Hara Nobuhiro , Iizuka Masaaki , Ono Takashi , Fukushima Masayoshi , Takeshita Yujiro , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Whether lumbar decompression with fusion surgery is effective against Meyerding grade 2 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes between posterior decompression alone and posterior decompression with fusion surgery among patients with grade 2 DS with central canal stenosis.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included prospectively registered patients (n = 3863) who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal canal stenosis at nine high-volume spine centers from April 2017 to July 2019. Patients with grade 2 DS and central canal stenosis were included in the analysis. Patients with radiculopathy, including foraminal stenosis, degenerative scoliosis, and concomitant anterior spinal fusion, and those with a previous history of lumbar surgery were excluded. The participants were divided into the decompression alone group (group D) and decompression with fusion surgery group (group F). Data about patient-reported outcomes, including Numeric Rating Scale (low back pain, leg pain, leg numbness, and foot numbness), Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol Five-Dimensional questionnaire, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores, were obtained preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively.
Results
In total, 2354 (61%) patients, including 42 (1.8%) with grade 2 DS (n = 18 in group D and n = 24 in group F), completed the 2-year follow-up. Group D had a higher proportion of female patients than group F. However, the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of other baseline demographic characteristics. Group D had a significantly shorter surgical time and lower volume of intraoperative blood loss than group F. Postoperative patient-reported outcomes did not significantly differ between the two groups, although the preoperative degree of low back pain was higher in group F than in group D. The slip degree of group D did not worsen during the follow-up period.
Conclusions
The surgical outcomes were similar regardless of the addition of fusion surgery among patients with grade 2 DS. Decompression alone was superior to decompression with fusion surgery as it was associated with a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss and shorter surgical time.
Synthesis and Properties of Degradable Starch-based Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Chen Xiaohua , Ma Sude 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, starch-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was successfully synthesized. The developed starch-based polyurethane was a key component with good degradation performance. It was further prepared to make the waterborne resin, which was self-emulsified and cured to form a film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the necessary groups such as urethane bond and ether bond have been successfully incorporated into polyurethane. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size distribution curve results showed that the synthesized starch-based WPU emulsion had small and uniform particle size and regular spherical particle morphology. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detection showed that the surface of the coating film was smooth and had good adhesion. The starch-based WPU studied in this research had high thermal stability, good corrosion resistance, pollution-free to the environment. Moreover, the starch-based WPU is easy to be degraded, which has good application prospects.
Exopolysaccharide of Enterococcus faecium L15 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Oh Naeun , Kwon Mijin , Kwon Oh-Hee , Ku Seockmo , Seo Jeongmin , Roh Sangho 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Bone has important functions in the body. Several researchers have reported that the polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharide derived from microbes can promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Enterococcus faecium, a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), produces several bioactive metabolites and has been widely applied in the food and nutraceutical industries. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) from LAB has also been extensively examined for its postbiotic effects and for its in vivo and in vitro functionalities. However, studies on promoting bone differentiation using polysaccharides from LAB are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of E. faecium L15 extract and EPS on osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and to identify the underlying mechanisms.Methods: hDPSCs were obtained from dental pulp tissue, and L15 extract and EPS were isolated from L15. Gene and protein expression of the osteogenic differentiation markers were analyzed with qPCR and western blotting and the possible signaling pathways were also investigated using western blotting. Osteogenic differentiation potential was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red s (ARS) staining. In addition, osteogenic differentiation potential of L15 EPS was explored in ex vivo culture of neonate murine calvaria.Results: The calcium deposition and ALP activity were enhanced by addition of L15 extract or EPS. The expression levels of RUNX2, ALP, and COL1A1 mRNA and the protein expression levels of RUNX2, ALP, and BMP4 were increased in hDPSCs treated with the L15 extract or EPS. The L15 EPS treatment enhanced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The L15 EPS-induced increases in RUNX2, ALP, and BMP4 expression were suppressed by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The promoting effect of L15 EPS on osteogenic differentiation was not only seen in hDPSCs, but also in osteoblast precursors. ALP activity and the expression of Runx2, Alp, and Col1a1 increased in the L15 EPS-treated osteoblast precursors. In addition, L15 EPS increased bone thickness of neonate murine calvaria in ex vivo culture.Conclusions: The stimulatory effect of L15 extract and EPS on osteogenic differentiation occurred through the p38 MAPK pathway, and L15 EPS enhanced new bone formation in neonate murine calvaria. These data suggest that L15 EPS has therapeutic potential applicable to bone regeneration. This study is the first to demonstrate the prospective functional effect of LAB EPS in promoting osteogenic differentiation.
A new way of protection of the transmission power system
against the effects of magnetic storms
Authors: Mayer Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Abstract. Severe collapses caused by anomalies in the Earth's magnetosphere, known as geomagnetic storms, have been reported in the operation of transmission power systems. A semi-saturating phenomenon occurs in which geomagnetic induced currents (GIC) are induced in high voltage lines, which cause the power transformers of the system to be overloaded with current and subsequently also thermally. The presented article describes a device that will either completely eliminate or at least significantly reduce the possibility of a power transformer accident. The essence of this device are frequency filters, which are automatically connected in parallel to the high-voltage windings of the power transformers at the beginning of the magnetic storm and are disconnected after the storm subsides. The online information about the effect of the magnetic storm on the system is provided by the indicator to the control workplace. The proposed equipment can be easily implemented into existing transmission systems.
Thyroid cancer risk prediction model using m6A RNA methylation regulators: integrated bioinformatics analysis and histological validation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lin Junchao , Liu Jinqiang , Zhang Rui , Fan Aqiang , Xie Qibin , Fan Daiming , Liu Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Epigenetic reprogramming has been reported to play a critical role in the progression of thyroid cancer (TC). RNA methylation accounts for more than 60% of all RNA modifications, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common modification of RNAs in higher organisms. The purpose of this study was to explore the related modification mode of m6A regulators construction and its evaluation on the clinical prognosis and therapeutic effect of TC.Materials and methods: The levels of 23 m6A regulators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival analysis were performed based on TCGA-THCA clinicopathological and follow-up information, and the mRNA levels of representative genes were verified using clinical TC data. In order to detect the effects of m6A regulators and their DEGs, consensus cluster analysis was carried out, and the expression of different m6A scores in Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and immune double antibodies (PD-1 antibody and CTLA4 antibody) were evaluated to predict the correlation between m6A score and TC tumor immunotherapy response.Results: Different expression patterns of m6A regulatory factors were detected in TC tumors and normal tissues, and several prognosis related m6A genes were obtained. Two different m6A modification patterns were determined by consensus cluster analysis. Two different subgroups were established by screening overlapping DEGs between two m6A clusters, with cluster A having the best prognosis. According to the m6A score extracted from DEGs, TC patients can be divided into high and low score subgroups. Patients with lower m6A score have longer survival time and better clinical features. The relationship between m6A score and Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and its correlation with the expression of PD-1 antibody and CTLA4 antibody proved that m6A score could be used as a potential predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy in TC patients.Conclusion: We screened DEGs from cluster m6A and constructed a highly predictive model with prognostic value by dividing TCGA-THCA into two different clusters and performing m6A score analysis. This study will help clarify the overall impact of m6A modification patterns on TC progression and formulate more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Lymphatic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in ticks in Jilin Province, northeastern China
Authors: Liu Ziyan , Li Liang , Wang Di , Zhang Li , Wang Zedong , Fan Siyuan , Liang Xiaojie , Wei Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Lymphatic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), belongs to the viral family Arenaviridae, genus Mammarenavirus, can cause aseptic meningitis in humans. Rodents are usually considered as the natural reservoir host of LCMV. But recent study indicates that LCMV may be transmitted by ticks in northeastern (NE) China. To further explore the epidemic distribution of LCMV, we conducted the prevalence and genetic characterization of LCMV in ticks in Jilin Province, NE China. Methods: Ticks were collected in Huadian, Dunhua, and Jiaohe, and were pooled and detected for LCMV using real-time RT-PCR. LCMV positive pools were used for complete genome amplification and phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 1679 ticks were collected and divided into 170 pools, including Ixodes persulcatus (5%), Dermacentor silvarum (89%), and Haemaphysalis japonica (6%). 24 pools of D. silvarum (14.9%, 95% CI: 9.5–22.3) and 3 pools of H. japonica (36.3%, 95% CI: 9.8–99.5) were detected LCMV positive, while no I. persulcatus pools were identified LCMV positive. Two complete genome sequences (Strain JL-DH01 and JL-DH02) were successfully amplified from LCMV positive pools, showing nucleotide identities of 96.4–99.8 per cent with JX31, JX14, DH46, JX4 strains isolated in ticks from Jilin Province. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that the two viruses clustered with the Jilin strains in the same branch and belonged to LCMV genotype I. Conclusions: This study further expands the genetic diversity and the geographical distribution of LCMV in Jilin Province, providing important information for prevalence and genetic characteristics of the virus.