bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory viral infections, SARS-СoV-2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zaryanova E. A. , Osipova G. L. , Osipova V. V. 
Published: August 2022

Further study of the distribution, pathogenesis of viral infection, the role of respiratory viruses in the formation and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases will allow the development of new methods of protection, the creation of modern pharmaceutical approaches for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.The aim. The article presents an analytical review of the scientific literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, medRxiv, bioRxiv which was conducted to study and evaluate the mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of respiratory viral infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-СoV-2).Conclusion. Understanding the specific mechanisms of the development of the host’s immune response to respiratory viruses allows a better understanding of the course of a new coronavirus infection, including in patients with COPD, since respiratory tract infections are closely associated with the formation and exacerbation of COPD. Respiratory viruses activate immune responses and exacerbate underlying inflammation in COPD. SARS-СoV-2 leads to a dysregulated immune response and, in severe cases, an overactive immune response, causing the development of a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unlike seasonal respiratory viruses, SARS-СoV-2 circulates throughout the year and can be a source of frequent and severe exacerbations in patients with COPD which require further monitoring and research.
A retrospective longitudinal study on tuberculosis disease among people with HIV
Authors: Tuppekar Balaji G , Mutyepod Sanjay G , Kumbar Abhinand S 
Published: August 2022

The use of Isoniazid Prevention Therapy (IPT) helps normalize the health issues of patients with TB. The majority of patients suffering from these diseases are from a low-income group with poor education. They do not have adequate knowledge related to prevention and approaches that reduce the occurrence of TB disease soon after ART initiation where risk is higher. The study aims to determine the incidence of tuberculosis disease among patients with HIV while taking IPT and after its completion. This is a retrospective, observational, longitudinal study that used existing records of patients from Department of Pulmonary Medicine, D Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India. The period of the study was from January 2020 to June 2021. STATA statistical software Version 12 was used to analyse the data. The sample size was estimated based on simple proportion formula taking incident TB disease after starting IPT 1.5% based on the study in a similar setting. In this study, 960 patients were involved with mean age of 30 years, ranged between 25-37 years. TB was developed in 9.2% patients, out of which, 2.2% of patients were diagnosed while receiving IPT and 6.97% after IPT. Moreover, 55.2% of patients were on this treatment at the last observation. The unfavourable count of patients was 152 (15.8%). Most of the patients with unfavourable follow-up outcomes were lost to follow-up. 0.6% of patients have stopped treatment during the follow-up and 28.9% was transferred out. Finally, 4.7% of patients died and remaining were recovered. Breakthrough TB was uncommon and shown a significant proportion of it occurrence in the first month of treatment. This could be due to difficulty in diagnosing TB disease with HIV. The proper screening of patients is essential for offering treatment and providing effective care services.
Comparative study on functional outcome of medialmalleolus fracture management by tension bandwiring versus screw fixation
Authors: Naik B Vishwanath , Shenkeshi Sirish Kumar , Kumar Banna Kiran , Sindhuja  
Published: August 2022

: There is an increasing trend of ankle fractures in young as well as elderly patients recently. This study aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of tension band wiring with screw fixation for medial malleolar fractures. : All the cases of suspected ankle fractures were taken up for the study. Then the patient’s radiographs were taken, anteroposterior and lateral views of the ankle joints. CT scan is taken if it was indicated. A Total of n=30 cases were studied in this study. They were allotted into two groups of n=15 each. One group was treated with tension band wiring and the second group was treated with screw fixation. : Cases managed by tension band wiring (TBW), n=12 (80%) cases had a range of motion of the ankle within 10° of the uninjured ankle and n=2 (13.3%) patients were having motion within 15° of the uninjured ankle. The rest n=1 (6.66%) patients had motion within 20° of the uninjured ankle. Patients managed with screw fixation, n=10 (66.6%) patients had a range of motion of the ankle within 10° of the uninjured ankle and n=3 (20%) patients were having motion within 15° of the uninjured ankle. The rest n=2 (13.3%) patients had motion within 20° of the uninjured ankle.: Isolated medial malleolar fractures had a better outcome compared to the bimalleolar fractures. As far as the choice of treatment tension band wiring appears to be more desirable than screw fixation because it produces Excellent functional outcomes with minimal complications.
Health Insurance Scheme: Main Contributor to Inequalities in COVID-19 Mortality in Colombia
Authors: Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier , Gil Fabian , Guarnizo-Herreño Carol C. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives. To quantify socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia and to assess the extent to which type of health insurance, comorbidity burden, area of residence, and ethnicity account for such inequalities. Methods. We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 cases. We estimated the relative and slope indices of inequality (RII and SII) using survival models for all participants and stratified them by age and gender. We calculated the percentage reduction in RII and SII after adjustment for potentially relevant factors. Results. We identified significant inequalities for the whole cohort and by subgroups (age and gender). Inequalities were higher among younger adults and gradually decreased with age, going from RII of 5.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.25, 9.82) in participants younger than 25 years to RII of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.41, 1.58) in those aged 65 years and older. Type of health insurance was the most important factor, accounting for 20% and 59% of the relative and absolute inequalities, respectively. Conclusions. Significant socioeconomic inequalities exist in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia. Health insurance appears to be the main contributor to those inequalities, posing challenges for the design of public health strategies. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S6):S586–S590. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306637 )
Construction and Performance Evaluation of Dual-Metabolite Oil-Producing Engineering Bacteria Suitable for Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Yang Zhao , Zhihua Guo , JingChun Wu , Hanqing Shi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microbial oil recovery (MEOR) technology has a wide application prospect in the field of enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs, and genetic engineering plays an important role. At present, oil-production engineering bacteria constructed by genetic engineering are mainly used to obtain high metabolites and strong environmental adaptability; there are few reports on genetically engineered bacteria with different functional metabolites. However, the bacteria which could efficiently produce one metabolite have a poor ability to produce other metabolites. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of nutrients and improve the effect of microbial oil recovery, dual-metabolite bacteria have been constructed for low-permeability reservoir. In this paper, four rhamnolipid expression plasmids are extracted from E. coli-produced biosurfactant. Then, the rhamnolipid expression plasmids are transferred into the bacteria-produced biopolymer by electrotransformation, and the metabolite performance of the constructed bacteria is evaluated. Finally, the profile control and displacement performance of the constructed bacteria are studied through low-permeability core experiments. The experimental results show that three bacteria, WS1, WS2, and WS3, are successfully constructed that have preferable ability, among which the bacteria WS2 has the best capacity for producing biopolymer and biosurfactant at the same time. After culturing 96 h, the viscosity of the bacteria WS2 fermentation broth could increase to 42.1 mPa·s, and the surface tension and interfacial tension of the fermentation broth could decrease to 24.3 mN/m and 0.035 mN/m, respectively. This time-varying biological viscosity ensures that the microbial system can enter the low-permeability reservoir at a low injection pressure, and the oil recovery of the low-permeability core could be increased by 10.18% after injecting 0.5 PV WS2 microbial system. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of gene construction and technical support for further popularization and application of MEOR in low-permeability reservoirs.
Influence law of structural parameters of pressure-swirl nozzle on atomization effect based on multiscale model
Authors: Xie Yao , Ye Yuxi , Yu Haiming , Cheng Weimin , Xie Sen , Zhao JunWei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dust pollution at fully mechanized heading face has seriously threatened the health of the miners. As the main technical means, the outer spray of roadheader has the problems of small coverage of fog field and low dust removal efficiency. Based on the multiscale swirl atomization model of LES-VOF, this paper simulated and analyzed the atomization process of the nozzle. The influence law of the diameter, the length and the circulation area ratio of the swirl chamber, and the swirl core angle on the swirl number and atomization effect were determined, and the nonlinear function relationship between variables was obtained. With the help of the BP neural network model, a new type of swirl nozzle is developed which is suitable for the outside spray system at fully mechanized heading face. The experimental results show that the error between the predicted results of the new swirl nozzle and BP network model is less than 15%, the atomization angle θc is 24.2°, the average particle size D32 is 64.43 µm, and the effective range Reff is about 2.1 m. At the same time, the total dust removal efficiency and respirable dust removal efficiency of the new swirl nozzle at the driver’s place are 61.10% and 63.85%, respectively, which are 21.69% and 20.92% higher than the original nozzle.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Real Estate Values in Tourism Centers
Authors: Alkan Tansu , DOKUZ Yeşim , ECEMIŞ Alper , BOZDAG Aslı , DURDURAN Süleyman Savaş 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Along with the development of technology in recent years, artificial intelligence (machine learning) techniques that perform operations, such as learning, classification, association, optimization, and prediction, have started to be used on data on real estate according to the criteria affecting the value. Using artificial intelligence (machine learning) techniques, valuation processes are performed objectively and scientifically. In this study, machine learning techniques were employed to balance the real estate market, affected by the tourism sector in Alanya district of Antalya province, Turkey, and examine changes in value objectively and scientifically. First, the criteria affecting the real estate value were determined as structural and spatial, and data on real estate were obtained from the online real estate website. Then, the values of the real estate in the selected application area were predicted using machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machines). Unlike studies in the literature, algorithm-based valuation using machine learning algorithms was performed instead of mathematical modeling. When analyzed for performance metrics, the best result was achieved with the support vector machines algorithm (0.73). Objective methods should be used to balance the exorbitant differences between real estate values, to regulate market conditions and to carry out a real estate valuation process free from speculative effects in coastal areas where tourism factor is effective. This study indicated the applicability of algorithm-based machine learning techniques in real estate valuation.
A Re-reading of Iranian Mothers’ Perception of the Environmental Conditions of Physiologic Childbirth Spaces: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Ghamgosar Faeghe Deljoo , Yazdanfar Seyed Abbas , Monfared Neda Sadat Sahragard , Litkouhi Sanaz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim
This research aims to study the role of environmental parameters in encouraging Iranian mothers to have physiologic childbirth by controlling pain and labor management based on their perception.
Background
With the increase of cesarean sections all over the world, researchers have become more interested in the mental mechanisms which affect mothers' tendency toward cesarean sections. Studies have indicated that many environmental factors have an impact on relieving the pain and fear of laboring mothers.
Methods
The comparisons made here, based on the existing literature about environmental factors and mothers' perception of these factors, have led to a re-reading of this subject. Thus a research project was carried out, using a structured questionnaire for the exploratory factor analysis methodology selected.
Results
The results indicate that the most important environmental factors which can encourage Iranian women toward physiologic delivery are "objective quality of life of delivery room (Eigenvalue of 7.400)", "attractive environmental stimuli (Eigenvalue of 4.267)", "environmental healthcare and physical health (Eigenvalue of 3.126)", "friendly atmosphere (Eigenvalue of 2.596)", "environmental vitality (Eigenvalue of 2.375)", "environmental privacy (Eigenvalue of 1.866)" and "tangible technology (Eigenvalue of 1.689)".
Conclusion
Considering that these factors play a substantial role, the study of mothers' perception of childbirth spaces is necessary. Promoting the environmental quality of the delivery room and using architectural solutions such as interior design and the general configuration can help mothers, husbands and medical staff better manage childbirth and thus have a positive impact on the rates of physiologic delivery.
Head-to-head performance comparison of dedicated vs. general-purpose gamma cameras during gated and perfusion myocardial scintigraphy
Authors: Gaál Szabolcs , Farkas Bence , Varga József , Kracskó Bertalan , Képes Zita , Garai Ildikó , Csanádi Zoltán , Barna Sandor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Comparison of the performance of a conventional, Anger-system, general-purpose SPECT/CT (AnyScan SC FLEX) vs. an Anger-system dedicated cardiac SPECT (CardioC) camera for gated myocardial perfusion imaging.
Method
Fifty patients were enrolled into the study. Of these, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 450 MBq SestaMIBI (Mediradiopharma) was performed after dipyridamole stress testing in 43, and at rest in the remaining 7 patients. ECG-gated SPECT acquisition was undertaken with both cameras, with a scanning time of 16 minutes. Within 45 to 60 minutes of the intravenous administration of the radiopharmaceutical, imaging was done first with the CardioC and then – after 30 minutes on average – with the AnyScan SC FLEX camera. The sensitivity of the systems (uptake of the radiotracer by the heart), severity of perfusion defects (SS), and parameters of left ventricular volume and wall motion (EF, EDV, ESV, SV, and cardiac mass) were determined quantitatively with both cameras. All these indices were then compared and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results
Sensitivity (the scintillation counts recorded within the ROI cardiac projection) was 17.8% (median) higher with the AnyScan FLEX than with the CardioC camera (p < 0.001). There was no meaningful difference between the two cameras in assessing the severity of the perfusion abnormality (p > 0.1). The EF obtained after attenuation correction was significantly lower than without AC. The volume estimates significantly depended on the camera and reconstruction method (p < 0.001); especially, with the FLEX camera the EDV and SV estimates were significantly lower. Attenuation correction of the FLEX images resulted in the lowest estimated myocardial mass(p = 0.004 against the values obtained with CardioC).
Conclusions
The results support our initial assumption that when used formyocardial perfusion imaging, the performance of general-purpose, digital, hybrid SPECT/CT cameras and dedicated cardiac scanners (both with parallel-hole collimators) is similar in the case of conventional Anger-system devices.
Beliefs and behaviors of radiographers concerning “Digital Chest Radiography”: Importance of Training Courses
Authors: Shafiee Mohsen , Majdabadi Marzieh Keshavarz , Mortazavi Hanieh , Borzoueisileh Sajad , Rashidfar Razieh , Moghaddam Zafar Masoumi , salehi zaker 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Chest radiography is the first choice for the investigation of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Radiologic technologists are responsible for managing the radiation exposure to patients and providing adequate image quality according to the ALARA concept. This study is thus aimed to assess the Beliefs and behaviors of Radiographers on digital chest radiography in medical imaging departments. Method: A descriptive questionnaire-based study was carried out on 65 radiographers. By implementing the checklist, 390 digital chest radiographs were assessed during and after each procedure to evaluate the practice of radiographers. Results: The mean values of the radiographers’ knowledge and practice were 85.48 and 78.79 (out of 100), respectively. 5.38% of digital chest radiography (21 of 390) led to repetition. Conclusions: Radiographers should be properly trained on digital chest radiography for reducing the patient radiation dose and improve image quality and radiological interpretation.
Study on the occurrence characteristics and removal of DOM based on the mine water treatment station
Authors: Zhang Xiyu , Dong Shuning , Yang Jian , Huang Yongan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to find out the status of organic pollutants in coal mine area of Ordos Basin in northwest China, we used an excitation emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis to study the compositional characteristics and fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in mine water. In this way, we found that the DOM in the Mongolia-Shaanxi border mining area of Ordos Basin has four main components: two that resemble fulvic acid (C1/C3), a protein-like tryptophan substance (C2), and a protein-like tyrosine substance (C4). The fluorescence intensity of the fulvic acid-like component increased from 334.73 a.u to 440.33 a.u after treatment, and the fluorescence intensity of the protein-like tyrosine-component decreased from 330.18 a.u to 295.78 a.u. And then we investigated the removal efficiency of DOM and other pollution in the Caojiatan mine water treatment plant’s coagulation - filter – ultrafiltration process. In this process, the removal efficiency of the protein-like tryptophan components reaches 90%, while that of chemical oxygen demand / NO2− and the total organic carbon is about 50%. The removal efficiency of the Cu2+ and F−is less than 30%, and almost none of the protein-like tyrosine components, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and NH4+. Thus, It’s proved that aliphatic hydrocarbons such as alkanes and cycloalkanes in mine water were removed in the treatment process, whereas macromolecular aromatic hydrocarbons and other groups were not removed. In the end, we put forward the ozone air flotation process, ozone effect makes the water of oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl content increased, allowing more of the aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium ion complexing, precipitation, leading to desorption from the particulate organic matter, reduce the space steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, the effect of enhanced coagulation, Promote the condensation of particulate matter by means of adsorption bridge. This provides theoretical support for research on the source and fate of the carbon trajectory in the water cycle in a coal mine area and provides guidance on the removal of DOM from mine water.
Effect of knowledgebase transition of a clinical decision support system on medication order and alert patterns in an emergency department
Authors: Jung Weon , Yu Jaeyong , Park Hyunjung , Chae Minjung Kathy , Lee Sang Seob , Choi Jong Soo , Kang Mira , Chang Dong Kyung , Cha Won Chul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
A knowledgebase (KB) transition of a clinical decision support (CDS) system occurred at the study site. The transition was made from one commercial database to another, provided by a different vendor. The change was applied to all medications in the institute. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of KB transition on medication-related orders and alert patterns in an emergency department (ED).
Methods
Data of patients, medication-related orders and alerts, and physicians in the ED from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed in this study. A set of definitions was set to define orders, alerts, and alert overrides. Changes in order and alert patterns before and after the conversion, which took place in May 2019, were assessed.
Results
Overall, 101,450 patients visited the ED, and 1,325 physicians made 829,474 prescription orders. Alert rates (alert count divided by order count) for periods A and B were 12.6% and 14.1%, and override rates (alert override count divided by alert count) were 60.8% and 67.4%, respectively. Of the 296 drugs that were used more than 100 times during each period, 64.5% of the drugs had an increase in alert rate after the transition. Changes in alert rates were tested using chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test.
Conclusion
We found that the CDS KB transition was associated with a significant change in alert patterns at the medication level in the ED. Careful consideration is advised when such a transition is performed.
Experimental and Economic Evaluation of Nitrate Removal by a Nanofiltration Membrane
Authors: Alavijeh Hossein Nouri , Sadeghi Morteza , Ghahremanfard Ahmadreza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Membrane nanofiltration (NF) process was employed to remove nitrate from synthetic and natural waters. The optimum technical and economical ranges of governing parameters for the water treatment process were determined using Central Composite Design method and Verbernen's economic model. The results of nitrate removal from synthesized water showed the minimum and maximum rates of permeation were 16.5 and 84.3 L/m2h (Lmh), respectively. The minimum and maximum nitrate rejection were 44.1% and 78.4%, respectively. Increasing pH had no significant effect on permeation flux but increased the nitrate removal rate. In the case of natural water, the minimum and the maximum flow rate were 7.7 and 68.1 Lmh. Furthermore, the minimum and maximum rejection rates of nitrate were 22.1% and 74.8%. The effects of variables on the permeation flux and nitrate removal for natural water were similar to those for synthetic water. However, by increasing pH, the amount of water passing through the membrane decreased. In all experiments, natural water had less permeation flux and less nitrate rejection than synthesized water. Moreover, the total investment cost reduced as the pressure increased. The cost per m3 of treated water decreased from 3 to 7 bars, then increased as the pressure increased.