bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors versus vonoprazan in treatment of erosive esophagitis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Sensen , Deng Weishang , Xie Zeyu , Chen Jisheng 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and vonoprazan are recommended as first-line therapies for erosive esophagitis (EE). However, it is uncertain how the magnitude of efficacy and safety of first-line therapy, the choice of individual PPIs or vonoprazan in the treatment of EE remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and PPIs in healing esophageal mucosal injury in patients with EE.

Methods:
Relevant databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of proton pump inhibitors and vonoprazan in the treatment of reflux esophagitis up to December 2021. Studies on standard-dose PPIs or vonoprazan that were published in Chinese or English and assessed healing effects in EE were included in the analysis. Stata16.0 was used to conduct a network Meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment.

Results:
A total of 41 literatures were included with 11,592 enrolled patients. For the endoscopic cure rate, all the PPIs and vonoprazan significantly improve compared to Placebo; Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, Ilaprazole ranked first, followed by esomeprazole, vonoprazan, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, rabeprazole and placebo therapy ranked the last. For the rate of adverse events, there was no significant difference among all the PPIs, vonoprazan, and placebo.

Conclusions:
Ilaprazole, esomeprazole and vonoprazan have more advantages in mucosal erosion healing, there was no significant difference in the comparative safety among all interventions.
Weight gain promotes the progression of IgA nephropathy in Asians: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Meixi , Yi Chunguang , Chang Tianying , Zou Di , Zhang Shoulin 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
The relationship between weight gain and progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been investigated by many researchers but remains controversial. The incidence of IgAN is significantly higher in Asia than in other regions. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between weight gain and primary IgAN in the Asian population.

Methods and analysis:
Seven databases were retrieved up to now. We stratified the included population by body mass index (BMI) and performed a meta-analysis of associated risk factors.

Objectives:
In this study, Asian IgAN patients with different BMI were grouped together to clarify the relationship between BMI and IgAN progression in Asian populations, so as to provide more ideas and treatment means for the prevention and treatment of IgAN in the future.
Severe cardiotoxicity in 2 patients with thymoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Ma Guikai , Wang Hui , Yu Guohua , Chen Jun , Song Wenjing 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently approved for a variety of cancers and their use is expanding from advanced disease to first-line metastatic and adjuvant therapies. With the wide application of immunotherapy, its adverse reactions are also the object we need to pay attention to. Among its adverse events, immune myocarditis has low morbidity, but a high fatality rate. Simultaneously, the unique biological properties of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) increase the risk of immune-mediated toxicity.

Patient concerns:
Patient 1 underwent chest computed tomography (CT) in April 2019 due to physical examination, which showed pleural metastasis of thymoma. Tissue puncture under CT guidance revealed type B2 thymoma. First-line chemotherapy with docetaxel combined with nedaplatin was administered, and apatinib was administered as a maintenance therapy after chemotherapy. After a regular review, progression of the disease was observed in April 12, 2021.
Patient 2 underwent anterior mediastinal tumor resection on August 2, 2019, due to the completion of the CT examination during myasthenia gravis to suggest a thymic tumor. Postoperative pathology revealed type B3 thymoma. The patient underwent local radiotherapy from October 2019 to November 2019. After irregular reexamination, the patient’s condition was stable. Disease progression has been observed in June 2021.

Diagnosis:
Both patients were diagnosed with thymoma.

Interventions:
Patient 1 was administered one cycle of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and sintilimab after disease progression. Patient 2 was treated with docetaxel and cisplatin for 2 cycles, and tislelizumab was added in the second cycle.

Outcomes:
Both patient 1 and patient 2 developed immune myocarditis after one cycle of immunotherapy. The difference was that patient 1 died within a few days. After a few days of active treatment for patient 2, the immune myocarditis did not improve significantly, and the patient chose to give up the treatment and go home. The shocking outcome is that the patient remains alive and stable.

Lessons:
Oncologists should be wary of ICI-related myocarditis owing to its early onset, nonspecific symptoms, and fulminant progression, especially when ICIs are used in combination. The patient’s cardiac condition should be assessed before administering ICIs.
Unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hepatic resection: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Wei Xinchun , Yang Shiwei , Du Changhong , Hu Baoyue 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Two systematic reviews summarized the efficacy and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hepatic resection, but both lacked a discussion of the differences in the pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in different ethnicities. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for VTE prophylaxis in Asian and Caucasian patients who have undergone hepatic resection.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases for studies reporting the primary outcomes of VTE incidence, bleeding events, and all-cause mortality from January 2000 to July 2022.

Results:
Ten studies involving 4318 participants who had undergone hepatic resection were included: 6 in Asians and 4 in Caucasians. A significant difference in VTE incidence was observed between the experimental and control groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.74, P = .004). No significant difference in bleeding events and all-cause mortality was observed (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.09, P = .30; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.42, P = .33, respectively). Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity showed a significant difference in the incidence of VTE in Asians (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39, P < .0001), but not in Caucasians (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.23, P = .21). No significant differences in bleeding events were found between Asians (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.48, 5.37, P = .45) and Caucasians (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.58, 2.12, P = .75). The sensitivity analysis showed that Ejaz’s study was the main source of heterogeneity, and when Ejaz’s study was excluded, a significant difference in VTE incidence was found in Caucasians (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93, P = .02).

Conclusion:
This study’s findings indicate that the application of UFH or LMWH for VTE prophylaxis after hepatic resection is efficacious and safe in Asians and Caucasians. It is necessary for Asians to receive drug prophylaxis for VTE after hepatic resection. This study can provide a reference for the development of guidelines in the future, especially regarding the pharmacological prevention of VTE in different ethnicities.
Primary hepatic methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder associated with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and accompanied by spontaneous necrosis: A case report
Authors: Omameuda Takahiko , Miyato Hideyo , Sata Naohiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) is a major complication of methotrexate (MTX) therapy that can develop in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although primary hepatic MTX-LPD is extremely rare. Discontinuation of MTX results in remission in half of the patients with MTX-LPDs and is one treatment approach.

Patient concern:
A 64-year-old Japanese woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis treated with MTX presented with upper abdominal pain.

Diagnosis:
Pathological evaluation showed that the tumor contained geographic necrosis and proliferation of large atypical lymphocytes strongly positive for cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) antigen with immunohistochemical staining and Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded RNA transcript by in situ hybridization. The tumor was finally diagnosed as a primary hepatic MTX-associated Epstein-Barr Virus positive B-cell LPD.

Interventions:
Left hepatic lobectomy was performed for diagnosis and therapy.

Outcomes:
No sighs of recurrence were observed for 2 years.

Lessons:
This patient demonstrated that MTX-LPD could arise in the liver, although it is rare. If liver tumors arise in patients taking MTX, examination of sIL-2R, Epstein-Barr virus-VCA IgG and EBNA might support the diagnosis of MTX-LPD. In this case, the primary hepatic MTX-LPD became necrotic without discontinuation of MTX. It is generally believed that withdrawal of MTX restores antitumor immunity resulting in tumor necrosis. This case indicates that spontaneous regression might occur without any treatment in some patients treated for RA with MTX-LPD. The relationship between MTX-LPD and spontaneous necrosis is unclear and further data is required to characterize the types of patients that will develop spontaneous regression without intervention.
Effects of esketamine on analgesia and postpartum depression after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Hua , Ling Bin , Chen Qing , Lv Jie , Yu Wanyou 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was to investigate the effects of different doses of esketamine combined with sufentanil for postoperative intravenous controlled analgesia after cesarean section and the incidence of postpartum depression.

Methods:
One hundred and sixty patients undergoing elective cesarean section, with a singleton term pregnancy and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II were selected. All patients were treated by a combined epidural with spinal anesthesia. They were randomly divided into 4 groups according to patient controlled intravenous analgesia formula. The consumption of sufentanil, times of effective press and remediate analgesia at 48 hours after cesarean section, incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) at 1 week and 6 weeks after the operation were recorded.

Results:
Comparison of cumulated dosage of sufentanil, times of effective press and rescue analgesia at 48 hours after operation: Group H was significantly lower than Group M, Group L, and Group C (P < .05), Group M significantly lower than group L and Group C (P < .05), and Group L significantly lower than Group C (P < .05). Comparison of the incidence of PPD at 1 week and 6 weeks later: Group H was significantly lower than Group M, Group L, and Group C (P < .01), Group M significantly lower than Group L and Group C (P < .01) and Group L significantly lower than Group C (P < .01). Compared with Group C, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in Group H, Group M, and Group L (P < .05).

Conclusion:
Esketamine combined with sufentanil used for patient controlled intravenous analgesia after elective cesarean section can reduce the consumption of sufentanil, improve postoperative analgesia, decrease the incidence of PPD at 1 week and 6 weeks and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
An unusual presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with ascariasis and fungal esophagitis: A case report
Authors: Alduraibi Rabia Khalid , Elzaki Elzaki Mohamed , Alammari Ammar 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Gastrointestinal symptoms are most commonly observed in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which usually resolves completely with therapy. However, gastrointestinal symptoms may persist after DKA is resolved.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old female was admitted to hospital for epigastric pain and persistent vomiting. The results of laboratory examination showed fungal esophagitis complicated by DKA.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with DKA associated with ascariasis and fungal esophagitis

Outcome:
The patient was discharged after treatment

Lessons:
In this case, despite the correction of metabolic acidosis, persistent nausea, vomiting and dysphagia can be a sign of esophagitis in patients with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, physicians should be aware of fungal infections associated with type 1 diabetes.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with glioblastoma: A review of survival analysis of 1674 patients based on SEER database
Authors: Chen Ligang , Ma Jing , Zou Zheng , Liu Hongzhe , Liu Chenxin , Gong Shun , Gao Xu , Liang Guobiao 
Published: November 2022

Background:
To fully understand the clinical features and prognosis of Glioblastoma (GBM), we extracted the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and performed a series of analyses.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1674 patients with GBM obtained from the SEER database from 1983 to 2015. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to calculate the survival rate, and the log-rank test was used to analyze the survival outcomes.

Results:
Older patients with GBM had a worse survival period (P < .05). Laterality had no effect on the prognosis (P > .05). Patients with high-grade gliomas may have a shorter lifespan (P < .05). In terms of overall survival (OS) and disease specificity, all 3 classical treatments failed to improve the life expectancy (P > .05). In adult patients with GBM, we found that age, tumor grade, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. In the univariate disease-specific analysis, age, tumor grade, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors. However, in multivariate disease-specific analysis, the results showed that only tumor grade and surgery were independent risk factors for GBM.

Conclusions:
Older patients diagnosed with GBM have worse survival, and patients with glioma of higher grades have a shorter lifespan. Age, grade, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for patients with GBM.
Randomized Control Study of the Effects of Turmeric Mouthwash on Oral Health Status, Treatment-Induced Mucositis, and Associated Oral Dysfunctions Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Thomas Prabha Lis , Kang Harmeet Kaur , Rishi Karthik S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Oral mucositis is the most severe and debilitating adverse effect of cancer treatment, resulting in inadequate nutritional intake, treatment disruptions, and dose alteration, leading to increased hospital costs and decreased tumor control.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of turmeric mouthwash on oral health status and onset and severity of treatment-induced oral mucositis and associated oral dysfunctions among head and neck cancer patients.

Methods
A randomized controlled design was adopted (CTRI/2018/06/014367). Turmeric mouthwash was administered to the experimental group (n = 46) and benzydamine mouthwash was given to the control group (n = 46). Oral health status and mucositis were graded using the Oral Health Assessment Tool and the World Health Organization oral toxicity criteria, respectively. Oral dysfunctions were measured by a patient-reported oral mucositis symptom scale and xerostomia short-form inventory. All outcome variables were measured weekly during the entire course of radiation therapy.

Results
Both groups were comparable with regard to their demographic and outcome variables (P > .05). The incidence of intolerable mucositis in the control group was 100% compared with 17.8% in the experimental group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in the onset and severity of oral mucositis (P = .001), oral health status (P = .001), and oral dysfunctions (P = .001) between the experimental and control groups.

Conclusion
Turmeric mouthwash was effective in reducing the severity of oral mucositis and associated oral dysfunctions as compared with benzydamine mouthwash.

Implications
Use of turmeric, a nontoxic and cost-effective intervention, can be an alternative to the traditional management of oral mucositis.
A Case Report of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Valadas Maria Teresa , Santos Célia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental illness currently classified as part of the “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” (OCRD) chapter in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and in the ICD-11. This is not the case for illness anxiety disorder/hypochondriasis (IAD/HC), as IAD is classified in the chapter “Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders” in DSM-5, and in ICD-11, under the name HC, it is classified along with BDD in the OCRD chapter.
In this article, we aim to describe a case of comorbid BDD and IAD/HC in a young adult Portuguese man. We then aim to review these diagnoses in light of their current classification in DSM-5 and ICD-11, with a particular emphasis in the divergent classification of IAD/HC, namely, the pertinence of its inclusion in the OCRD.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Patient With Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Authors: Vashi Aksal P. , Boi Kim , Bhatia Amrit , Johnson Ryan , Brown Carlos E. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) remains a challenge to diagnose due to its rarity and nonspecific symptomatology. We have found alcohol withdrawal can display symptoms similar to CVST. We present a unique case of intraparenchymal hemorrhage secondary to an extensive CVST in a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of alcohol withdrawal.

Case Report:
A 33-year-old woman with a history of alcohol dependence presented with a worsening headache and right upper dental pain. She denied any trauma and attributed the headache to alcohol withdrawal. She denied consuming alcohol in the last 24 hours but reported a daily intake of 20 oz of whiskey. Physical examination noted dental caries and a normal neurological examination. Laboratory values indicated leukocytosis with neutrophilia and microcytic anemia. Computed tomography brain without contrast was conducted to rule out head trauma, revealing a 1.2 cm intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe with local edema. Neurosurgery recommended a computed tomography angiography, which demonstrated contrast filling defects consistent with CVST (confirmed by magnetic resonance venography). The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit; during her hospital course, further testing revealed heterozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation and elevated homocysteine levels. Patient underwent acute treatment with enoxaparin bridged to apixaban. Patient was discharged on day 7 neurologically intact with the improvement of all symptoms.

Conclusion:
This unique presentation of CVST alongside alcohol withdrawal symptoms highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of CVST in higher-risk patient populations. A heightened index of suspicion for the wide range of presentations of CVST is necessary to assess, diagnose, and treat at-risk patients.
Risk Factors of Nonsurgical Management Failure in Pediatric Intussusception Patients With Delayed Presentation
Authors: Davar Ahmad Ali , Khalili Manijeh , Mashhadi Amin , Ansari Moghaddam Alireza , Zadehmir Mohadeseh 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the time-related predicting factors of the ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction (USGHR) failure in pediatric patients with ileocolic intussusception and delayed presentation.

Methods
The present retrospective study included pediatric patients diagnosed with ileocolic intussusception who presented to our hospital with the related symptoms started 48 hours ago or greater duration during 2018–2020. The patients with spontaneous reduction were excluded from the study. Afterward, the participants with failed and successful USGHR were compared in terms of age, sex, symptom duration, and ultrasound findings using the χ2 and logistic regression tests.

Results
A total of 103 children were included in the present study. The mean symptom duration was 4.13 ± 2.39 days, with a range of 2–14 days. Moreover, 47.6% of the patients had a successful reduction. In addition, there was a significant relationship between failed USGHR and the factors of symptom duration, free peritoneal fluid, entrapped fluid between intussuscepted loops, the size of the invaginated segment, and malperfusion of the intussuscepted bowel loops detected using the Doppler ultrasound (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between failed USGHR and the factors of the primary location of intussusception and the presence of intussuscepted lymph nodes (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The presence of entrapped fluid between the intussuscepted loops, free peritoneal fluid, and the length of the intussuscepted segments were all associated with USGHR failure in our study. Therefore, determining these predictors may help anticipate failure of reduction.
Coherence of character and temperament drives personality change toward well being in person-centered therapy
Authors: Garcia Danilo , Cloninger Kevin M. , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
People and communities around the world face many crises, including increasing burdens from disease, psychopathology, burn-out, social distrust, and acts of hate and terrorism. Personality disorder is arguably both a root cause and a consequence of these problems, creating a vicious cycle of suffering caused by fears, immoderate desires, and social distrust that are inconsistent with rational goals and prosocial values. Fortunately, recent advances in understanding the biopsychosocial basis and dynamics of development in personality and its disorders offer insights to address these problems in effective person-centered ways.

Recent findings
Fundamental advances have been made recently in the understanding of the psychobiology and sociology of personality in relationship to health, and in basic mechanisms of personality change as a complex process of learning and memory. Promotion of self-awareness and intentional self-control releases a strong tendency for people to seek coherence of their emotions and habits with what gives their life meaning and value.

Summary
People have a strong drive to cultivate personalities in which their emotions and habits are reliably in accord with reasonable goals and prosocial values. Person-centered therapeutics provide practical ways to promote a virtuous cycle of increasing well being for individuals and their communities and habitats.