bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA barcoding for biodiversity assessment: Croatian stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera)
Authors: Hlebec Dora , Sivec Ignac , Podnar Martina , Kučinić Mladen 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe hemi-metabolous aquatic order Plecoptera (stoneflies) constitutes an indispensable part of terrestrial and aquatic food webs due to their specific life cycle and habitat requirements. Stoneflies are considered one of the most sensitive groups to environmental changes in freshwater ecosystems and anthropogenic changes have caused range contraction of many species. Given the critical threat to stoneflies, the study of their distribution, morphological variability and genetic diversity should be one of the priorities in conservation biology. However, some aspects about stoneflies, especially a fully resolved phylogeny and their patterns of distribution are not well known. A study that includes comprehensive field research and combines morphological and molecular identification of stoneflies has not been conducted in Croatia so far. Thus, the major aim of this study was to regenerate a comprehensive and taxonomically well-curated DNA barcode database for Croatian stoneflies, to highlight the morphological variability obtained for several species and to elucidate results in light of recent taxonomy.MethodsA morphological examination of adult specimens was made using basic characteristics for distinguishing species: terminalia in males and females, head and pronotum patterns, penial morphology, and egg structures. DNA barcoding was applied to many specimens to help circumscribe known species, identify cryptic or yet undescribed species, and to construct a preliminary phylogeny for Croatian stoneflies.ResultsSequences (658 bp in length) of 74 morphospecies from all families present in Croatia were recovered from 87% of the analysed specimens (355 of 410), with one partial sequence of 605 bp in length forCapnopsis schilleri balcanicaZwick, 1984. A total of 84% morphological species could be unambiguously identified usingCOIsequences. Species delineation methods confirmed the existence of five deeply divergent genetic lineages, with monophyletic origin, which also differ morphologically from their congeners and represent distinct entities. BIN (Barcode Index Number) assignment and species delineation methods clusteredCOIsequences into different numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). ASAP delimited 76 putative species and achieved a maximum match score with morphology (97%). ABGD resulted in 62 and mPTP in 61 OTUs, indicating a more conservative approach. Most BINs were congruent with traditionally recognized species. Deep intraspecific genetic divergences in some clades highlighted the need for taxonomic revision in several species-complexes and species-groups. Research has yielded the first molecular characterization of nine species, with most having restricted distributions and confirmed the existence of several species which had been declared extinct regionally.
Changes in serum amino acid levels in non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Ke , Li Jiaoyuan , Long Tingting , Wang Yi , Yin Tongxin , Long Jieyi , Shen Ying , Cheng Liming 
Published: April 2022

Background
Previous studies have shown the alteration of amino acid (AA) profile in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little data regarding AA profile in NSCLC in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA profile in Chinese NSCLC patients, explore its utility in sample classification and further discuss its related metabolic pathways.

Methods
The concentrations of 22 AAs in serum samples from 200 patients with NSCLC and 202 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AA levels in different tumor stages and histological types were also discussed. The performance of AA panel in classifying the cases and controls was evaluated in the training data set and validation data set based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the important metabolic pathways were identified.

Results
The concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), cystein (Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), ornithine (Orn) and citrulline (Cit) were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls (all P-FDR < 0.05). Among these, four AAs including Asp, Cys, Glu and Orn were substantially up-regulated in NSCLC patients (FC ≥ 1.2). AA levels were significantly altered in patients with late-stage NSCLC, but not in those with early-stage when comparing with healthy controls. In terms of histological type, these AAs were altered in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For discrimination of NSCLC from controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI [0.74–0.85]) in the training data set and 0.79 (95%CI [0.71–0.87]) in the validation data set. The AUCs for early-stage and late-stage NSCLC were 0.75 (95% CI [0.68–0.81]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.82–0.91]), respectively. Moreover, the model showed a better performance in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85–0.95]) than adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.71–0.82]) from controls. Three important metabolic pathways were involved in the alteration of AA profile, including Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism; and Arg biosynthesis.

Conclusions
The levels of several AAs in serum were altered in Chinese NSCLC patients. These altered AAs may be utilized to classify the cases from the controls. Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism and Arg biosynthesis pathways may play roles in metabolism of the NSCLC patient.
Knowledge of acute stroke management and the predictors among Malaysian healthcare professionals
Authors: Albart Stephenie Ann , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Abdul Rashid Aneesa , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Bidin Mohammad Zulkarnain , Looi Irene , Hoo Fan Kee 
Published: April 2022

Background
Despite rapid advances in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) management, many healthcare professionals (HCPs) might not be aware of the latest recommended management of AIS patients. Therefore, we aimed to determine the level and factors associated with AIS management knowledge among Malaysian HCPs.

Methods
This cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted nationwide among 627 HCPs in Malaysia using the Acute Stroke Management Questionnaire (ASMaQ). Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the relationship between the independent variables (age, gender, years of service, profession, work setting, work sector, seeing stroke patients in daily practice, and working with specialists) and the outcome variable (good vs poor knowledge).

Results
Approximately 76% (95% CI [73–79%]) of HCPs had good overall knowledge of stroke. The highest proportion of HCPs with good knowledge was noted for General Stroke Knowledge (GSK) [88.5% (95% CI [86–91%])], followed by Advanced Stroke Management (ASM) [61.2% (95% CI [57–65%])] and Hyperacute Stroke Management (HSM) [58.1% (95% CI [54–62%])]. The odds of having poor knowledge of stroke were significantly higher among non-doctor HCPs [adjusted OR = 3.46 (95% CI [1.49–8.03]), P = 0.004]; among those not seeing stroke patients in daily practice [adjusted OR = 2.67 (95% CI [1.73–4.10]), P < 0.001]; and among those working without specialists [adjusted OR = 2.41 (95% CI [1.38–4.18]), P = 0.002].

Conclusions
Stroke education should be prioritised for HCPs with limited experience and guidance. All HCPs need to be up-to-date on the latest AIS management and be able to make a prompt referral to an appropriate facility. Therefore, more stroke patients will benefit from advanced stroke care.
Analysis of serum and gene expression profile of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Che Noh Ismail , Avoi Richard , Abdullah Nurul Asma , Ahmad Imran , Abu Bakar Ruzilawati 
Published: April 2022

Background
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Studies have indicated that an imbalance of cytokine activities could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. This study aimed to investigate serum levels and gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1) in chronic HCV infection among Malay male subjects.

Methods
Thirty-nine subjects were enrolled from various health clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia, and divided into two groups: patients with chronic HCV infection (HP) and healthy control (HS). The serum cytokines IL-6, TNF-a—were measured using Luminex assay, and serum TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. The mRNA gene expression for IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
There were statistically significant differences in the mean serum levels of IL-6, and TGF-β1 in HP compared to HS group (p = 0.0180 and p = 0.0005, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean serum level of TNF-α in HP compared to HS group. The gene expression for the studied cytokines showed no significant differences in HP compared to HS group.

Conclusion
Serum IL-6 was significantly associated with chronic HCV infection.
Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on Productive Parameters and Ruminal VFA Profile in Sheep
Authors: Robles-Rodríguez Carolina , González-Dávalos Laura , Domínguez-Hernández Yesmin , Shimada Armando , Piña Enrique , Mora Ofelia 
Published: April 2022

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on feed over the productive parameters of sheep, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and blood glucose.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal del Altiplano (CEIEPAA), located in Tequisquiapan, Querétaro-México.
Methodology: A total of 64 sheep (Pelibuey x Dorset), two months old (32 males and 32 females with an average weight of 20.7 ± 1.3 kg) were used. Animals were housed in 16 pens, 4 animals per pen, and each pen was assigned to one of the 4 ALA inclusion treatments (0, 40, 80, 120 ppm). ALA was mixed with 50 g of ground corn to ensure its consumption; the animals of treatment 0 also received 50 g of ground corn without ALA.
Results: Differences in weight gain were observed from day 56 in the animals supplemented with 80 ppm of ALA (P < .0001) and an improvement in daily weight gain (246 g) and feed conversion (P = .05) was shown. Animals treated with 40 ppm of ALA observed lower blood glucose without affecting the productive parameters (P = .05). A lower concentration of VFA was found in the treatment 120 ppm on day 84 (334.2 ± 26.5 vs 260.0 ± 15.7; P = .05).
Conclusion: The inclusion of 80 ppm of ALA in the diet of sheep could improve the productive parameters.
In-vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Activity of Native Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolates against Alternaria solani Causing Early Blight of Tomato
Authors: Lalhruaitluangi C. , Tiameren Ao N. , Daiho L. , Banik Susanta , Ao M. Aleminla , Kanaujia S. P. 
Published: April 2022

The present study was carried out in 2018-2019 at Department of Plant pathology, SASRD, Nagaland University to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of 24 native isolates of Trichoderma and 18 isolates of Pseudomonas against Alternaria solani by dual culture technique method. The test pathogen was isolated from disease infected tomato plants collected from an experimental field of Department of Plant pathology, SASRD, Medziphema campus. The results showed that all the isolates had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. The highest inhibition of mycelial growth of A. solani was shown by T-5 (73.34%) followed by T-11(70.23%). The lowest inhibition was shown by T-24 (51.55%). Among the Pseudomonas isolates, highest inhibition in mycelial growth of A. solani was shown by P-7 (77.73%) followed by P-12(76.00%) respectively. The lowest inhibition was shown by P-17 (53.78%). The results indicate that different local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens were effective against the tested pathogenic fungi which provides their potential in biological management of early blight disease of tomato.
Effect of Fertilizer Levels and Foliar Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Sarika T. Warpe , Prasanna Jakku , Sonawane D. A. , Ghodke P. B. , Ubale S. P. 
Published: April 2022

Improper nutrition being the major constraint of soybean fields in the state of Maharashtra, an investigation entitled “Effect of fertilizer levels and foliar nutrition on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)” was conducted during Kharif 2019 at Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, Pune. The seven treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design and was replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 100% GRDF has recorded significantly higher all the growth and yield contributing characters viz., plant height (58.94 cm), number of branches plant-1(6.67), leaf area plant-1 (29.10 dm2), dry matter plant-1 (24.30 g), number of pods plant-1 (62.80), number of seeds pod-1 (2.46), seed weight plant-1 (29.87 g), seed and straw yield (21.73 and 29.63 q ha-1, respectively). From the treatments chosen for the investigation, 1% foliar spray application with 19:19:19 recorded significantly higher growth and yield contributing characters namely, plant height (59.46 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.95), leaf area (10.63 dm2), dry matter plant-1 (26.07 g), number of pods plant-1 (68.25), number of seeds pod-1 (2.70), seed weight plant-1(35.37 g), grain and straw yield (25.53 and 33.51 q ha-1, respectively).
Another wrinkle with age: Aged collagen and intra‐peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Harper Elizabeth I. , Hilliard Tyvette S. , Sheedy Emma F. , Carey Preston , Wilkinson Paul , Siroky Michael D. , Yang Jing , Agadi Elizabeth , Leonard Annemarie K. , Low Ethan , Liu Yueying , Biragyn Arya , Annunziata Christina M. , Stack Mary Sharon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge is the most significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Metastasizing OvCa cells adhere to the omentum, a peritoneal structure rich in collagen, adipocytes, and immune cells. Ultrastructural changes in the omentum and the omental collagen matrix with aging have not been evaluated.AimThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that age‐related changes in collagen in the ovarian tumor microenvironment promote OvCa metastatic success in the aged host.Methods/ResultsYoung (3–6 months) and aged mice (20–23 months) were used to study the role of aging in metastatic success. Intra‐peritoneal (IP) injection of ID8Trp53–/– OvCa cells showed enhanced IP dissemination in aged versus young mice. In vitro assays using purified collagen demonstrated reduced collagenolysis of aged fibers, as visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified with a hydroxyproline release assay. Omental tumors in young and aged mice showed similar collagen deposition; however enhanced intra‐tumoral collagen remodeling was seen in aged mice probed with a biotinylated collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP). In contrast, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy showed significant differences in collagen fiber structure and organization in omental tissue, and SEM demonstrated enhanced omental fenestration in aged omenta. Combined SHG and Alexa Fluor‐CHP microscopy in vivo demonstrated that peri‐tumoral collagen was remodeled more extensively in young mice. This collagen population represents truly aged host collagen, in contrast to intra‐tumoral collagen that is newly synthesized, likely by cancer‐associated fibroblasts.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that tumors in an aged host can grow with minimal collagen remodeling, while tumors in the young host must remodel peri‐tumoral collagen to enable effective proliferation, providing a mechanism whereby age‐induced ultrastructural changes in collagen and collagen‐rich omenta establish a permissive premetastatic niche contributing to enhanced OvCa metastatic success in the aged host.
A compact heat recirculating spiral geometry for thermal integration for Sabatier reaction in microreactor
Authors: Raghu Aswathy K. , Kaisare Niket S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSabatier reaction, the catalytic reduction of CO2 to methane, is a reversible and exothermic reaction that produces CO as a by‐product. We use two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the performance of a three‐turn spiral microreactor, useful for portable or modular applications. Spiral reactor has inlet at the center followed by three turns that spirals outwards. It allows thermal integration via co‐current self‐coupling of Sabatier reaction, which enables utilizing the exothermic heat of methanation for preheating of the cold reactants by hot products. Due to compact nature of the geometry, heat released spreads out in the reactor causing an overall moderation of temperature. A favorable cooling effect is achieved in spiral geometry without using external cooling or feed dilution, merely by the property of reactor configuration. For the base case, 71% conversion with 92.6% selectivity to CH4 is attained. Comparison with counter‐current operating strategy in U‐bend reactor is presented.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Aryl‐3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Liu Min , Huang Min , Li Wenzhe , Yan Yingkun , Li Min , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one units exist in many natural products and pharmaceutics. Up to now, synthesis of axially chiral 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones has been rarely reported. Herein we disclose a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective condensation of 2‐acetylbenzoic acid derivatives with 2‐substituted aniline derivatives, leading to the construction of a series of novel C−N axially chiral N‐aryl‐3‐methylene‐isoindolin‐1‐ones in moderate to good yields (up to 97%) with generally moderate enantioselectivities (up to 87% ee). In addition, the absolute configuration of one product was determined by an X‐ray crystal structural analysis. Furthermore, one product was subjected to oxidative cleavage to generate an axially chiral phthalimide.
Dewar Metallabenzenes from Reactions of Metallacyclobutadienes with Alkynes
Authors: Wei Wei , Xu Xin , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lin Zhenyang , Jia Guochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDewar benzenes, the metastable valence isomers of benzenes, have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. In contrast, little is known about Dewar metallabenzenes having a transition metal in the skeletal framework, despite the recent intensive interest in the development of chemistry of metallabenzenes. Herein, we report the isolation and characterization of the first examples of structurally characterized Dewar metallabenzenes. These compounds were generated via unprecedented reactions of metallacyclobutadienes with aminoalkynes.
Selektivitätskontrolle in elektrokatalytischen Oxidationsreaktionen durch Ionische Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Yang Tian , Yang Juntao , Deng Xin , Franz Evanie , Fromm Lukas , Taccardi Nicola , Liu Zhi , Görling Andreas , Wasserscheid Peter , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer so genannte SCILL‐Katalysator (englisch: solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer) beschreibt ein neues, äußerst erfolgreiches Konzept im Bereich der heterogenen Katalyse. Hierbei besteht die Grundidee darin, die Selektivität eines Katalysators durch die Beladung mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten drastisch zu erhöhen. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass das Konzept auf die Elektrokatalyse übertragbar ist und zur selektiven Umsetzung von organischen Verbindungen genutzt werden kann. Bei der hier untersuchten Elektrooxidation von 2,3‐Butandiol können zwei Produkte entstehen. Das einfach oxidierte Acetoin und das zweifach oxidierte Diacetyl. Durch die Zugabe einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (1‐Ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium‐trifluormethansulfonat, [C2C1Im][OTf]) kann die Selektivität des Katalysators zu Gunsten der Acetoinbildung drastisch erhöht werden. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus wurde dabei spektroskopisch in situ untersucht: Die Adsorption des Anions der ionischen Flüssigkeit verhindert die Wasseraktivierung. Dies unterbindet den zweiten Oxidationsschritt vom Acetoin zum Diacetyl und erhöht damit die Selektivität. Unsere Studie zeigt das große Potential elektrochemischer SCILL‐Katalysatoren für die selektive Umsetzung von organischen Verbindungen.
A Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Flexible Organic Crystal with Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Pan Xiuhong , Zheng Anyi , Yu Xu , Di Qi , Li Liang , Duan Pengfei , Ye Kaiqi , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible organic crystals with unique mechanical properties and excellent optical properties are of paramount significance for their wide applications in various research fields such as adaptive optics and soft robotics. However, low‐temperature‐resistant flexible organic crystal with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has never been reported. Herein, chiral organic crystals with CPL activity and low‐temperature flexibility (77 K) are fabricated by the solvent diffusion method from chiral Schiff base, S(R)‐4‐bromo‐2‐(((1‐phenylethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (S(R)‐BPEMP). The corresponding chirooptical properties for the two enantiomeric crystals were thoroughly investigated, including the measurements of circular dichroism (CD) and CPL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on low‐molecular‐weight flexible organic crystals with CPL activity, and we believe that the results will give a new impetus to the research of organic crystals.
Sulfate‐Enabled Nitrate Synthesis from Nitrogen Electrooxidation on a Rhodium Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Tieliang , Han Shuhe , Cheng Chuanqi , Wang Yuting , Du Xiwen , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) to generate nitrate is gaining increasing attention as an alternative approach to the conventional industrial manufacture. But, current progress in NOR is limited by the difficulties in activation and conversion of the strong N≡N bond (941 kJ mol−1). Herein, we designed to utilize sulfate to enhance NOR performance over an Rh electrocatalyst. After the addition of sulfate, the inert Rh nanoparticles exhibited superior NOR performance with a nitrate yield of 168.0 μmol gcat−1 h−1. The 15N isotope‐labeling experiment confirmed the produced nitrate from nitrogen electrooxidation. A series of electrochemical in situ characterizations and theoretical calculation unveiled that sulfate promoted nitrogen adsorption and decreased the reaction energy barrier, and in situ formed sulfate radicals reduced the activation energy of the potential‐determining step, thus accelerating NOR.