bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating Contextual Sensory Expectations for Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Ferrari Ambra , Richter David , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: October 2022

The brain has the extraordinary capacity to construct predictive models of the environment by internalizing statistical regularities in the sensory inputs. The resulting sensory expectations shape how we perceive and react to the world; at the neural level, this relates to decreased neural responses to expected than unexpected stimuli (“expectation suppression”). Crucially, expectations may need revision as context changes. However, existing research has often neglected this issue. Further, it is unclear whether contextual revisions apply selectively to expectations relevant to the task at hand, hence serving adaptive behavior. The present fMRI study examined how contextual visual expectations spread throughout the cortical hierarchy as we update our beliefs. We created a volatile environment: two alternating contexts contained different sequences of object images, thereby producing context-dependent expectations that needed revision when the context changed. Human participants of both sexes attended a training session before scanning to learn the contextual sequences. The fMRI experiment then tested for the emergence of contextual expectation suppression in two separate tasks, respectively, with task-relevant and task-irrelevant expectations. Effects of contextual expectation emerged progressively across the cortical hierarchy as participants attuned themselves to the context: expectation suppression appeared first in the insula, inferior frontal gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex, followed by the ventral visual stream, up to early visual cortex. This applied selectively to task-relevant expectations. Together, the present results suggest that an insular and frontoparietal executive control network may guide the flexible deployment of contextual sensory expectations for adaptive behavior in our complex and dynamic world.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe world is structured by statistical regularities, which we use to predict the future. This is often accompanied by suppressed neural responses to expected compared with unexpected events (“expectation suppression”). Crucially, the world is also highly volatile and context-dependent: expected events may become unexpected when the context changes, thus raising the crucial need for belief updating. However, this issue has generally been neglected. By setting up a volatile environment, we show that expectation suppression emerges first in executive control regions, followed by relevant sensory areas, only when observers use their expectations to optimize behavior. This provides surprising yet clear evidence on how the brain controls the updating of sensory expectations for adaptive behavior in our ever-changing world.
Subcellular location of source proteins improves prediction of neoantigens for immunotherapy
Authors: Castro Andrea , Kaabinejadian Saghar , Yari Hooman , Hildebrand William , Zanetti Maurizio , Carter Hannah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntigen presentation via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential for anti‐tumor immunity. However, the rules that determine which tumor‐derived peptides will be immunogenic are still incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether constraints on peptide accessibility to the MHC due to protein subcellular location are associated with peptide immunogenicity potential. Analyzing over 380,000 peptides from studies of MHC presentation and peptide immunogenicity, we find clear spatial biases in both eluted and immunogenic peptides. We find that including parent protein location improves the prediction of peptide immunogenicity in multiple datasets. In human immunotherapy cohorts, the location was associated with a neoantigen vaccination response, and immune checkpoint blockade responders generally had a higher burden of neopeptides from accessible locations. We conclude that protein subcellular location adds important information for optimizing cancer immunotherapies.
Political Crisis and The Politics of Religious Divisiveness in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Oyetunbi Oluwaseyi , Akinrinde Olawale Olufemi 
Published: October 2022

The relationship that exists between politics and religion cannot be over-emphasized in Nigeria polity since the evolution of a sustainable democracy which has heightened the relevance of religion in our society. Religion has been identified as one of the factors that have divided the people of Nigeria who are divided already by many phenomena that are of nature. The diversities engineered by cultures, customs, traditions and values are not as potent as religion in dividing the people, ensuing conflict, creating a paradise for favoritism, generating riot and insurgence. Religious leaders have become force to reckon with in the country, many of them become politicians out of the blues because of their influence on the mindset of their members to decide as regard electioneering activities. However, politics needs to be guided by religion ideally, evidently most policies fabricated, go in line with dogmas of either Christianity or Islam before other indexes may follow. People are better divided by religion. This paper focuses on examining the influence of religion on politics in Nigeria’s fourth republic using the Boko-haram insurgence as the major yardstick to establishing the impacts of religion on the divisive Nigeria.
The Dark Side of Cultural Heritage Protection
Authors: Alamsyah Hendra Wahyu , Nugraheni Prasasti Dyah , Prabowo Muhammad Shidqon , Andriani Eva 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the concept of the dark side of cultural heritage protection. The existence of strict legal protection with burdensome sanctions is expected to provide a sense of security for a country to protect its cultural heritage from threats from other countries or communities. However, it is an unavoidable fact that the efforts of a country that wants to protect its culture lead to conflict and the threat of war between countries. This article shows how many and most of the excessive efforts of an organization to protect cultural heritage from the dangers of war and conflict contribute and have the potential to make cultural heritage vulnerable or even lead to its destruction. The more we talk about cultural heritage and the values it contains and the importance of protecting it, the more attractive it becomes for some groups, organizations, and even countries to target it because it has extraordinary cultural values. For some, efforts to protect and save cultural heritage have been considered as part of the war against terrorism. They destroy a cultural heritage on purpose to kill profitable tourism. This causes the owner community to lose their rights and even leads to revenge until a war occurs between communities, organizations, or countries. Art and culture have moved to the forefront of war, both as additional damage and direct targets for belligerents who use cultural destruction as a means to encourage more violence, hatred, and revenge. This article argues that states, international organizations, and cultural heritage communities need to recognize these negative side effects and make sure to consider them in future action. Keywords: Conflict; Cultural Heritage; The Dark Side; Legal Protection
Cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Sheng-Yin , Chen Jui-Yi , Huang Wei-Chieh , Puar Troy Hai Kiat , Chin Kek Peng , Chueh Jeff S , Lin Yen-Hung , Wu Vin-Cent ,   TAIPAI Study Group
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), long-term cardiovascular and mortality outcomes after adrenalectomy vs mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) have not been compared yet. We aim to compare the clinical outcomes of these patients after treatment.

Design and Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase from no start date restriction to 18 December 2021. Our composite primary outcomes were long-term all-cause mortality and/or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. We adopted the random-effects model and performed subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Results
A total of 9 studies with 8473 adult patients with PA (≥18 years) were enrolled. A lower incidence of composite primary outcomes was observed in the adrenalectomy group (odds ratio (OR): 0.46 (95% CI: 0.38–0.56), P &lt; 0.001). We found a lower incidence of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.33 (95% CI: 0.15–0.73), P = 0.006) and MACE (OR: 0.55, (95% CI: 0.40–0.74), P = 0.0001) in the adrenalectomy group. The incidence of CAD (OR: 0.33 (95% CI: 0.15–0.75), P = 0.008), arrhythmias (OR: 0.46 (95% CI: 0.27–0.81), P = 0.007), and congestive heart failure (OR: 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33–0.81), P = 0.004) was also lower in adrenalectomy group. The metaregression showed patient's age may attenuate the benefits of adrenalectomy on composite primary outcomes (coefficient: 1.084 (95% CI: 1.005–1.169), P = 0.036). TSA demonstrated that the accrued sample size and effect size were sufficiently large to draw a solid conclusion, and the advantage of adrenalectomy over MRA was constant with the chronological sequence.

Conclusions
In conclusion, adrenalectomy could be preferred over MRA for patients with PA in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and/or MACE and should be considered as the treatment of choice. That patients with PA could get less benefit from adrenalectomy as they age warrants further investigation.
DXA-derived advanced hip analysis and the trabecular bone score in end-stage kidney disease secondary to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Aleksova Jasna , Ebeling Peter R , Milat Frances , Elder Grahame J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have a heightened fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) may predict fracture less accurately in ESKD than in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–3b or the general population. Alternate, readily available imaging modalities are needed to improve ESKD fracture risk assessment. This study aimed to assess dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived BMD, the trabecular bone score (TBS) and advanced hip analysis parameters in patients with ESKD due to T1DM and to compare their results with those of patients with ESKD from other causes.

Methods
We compared the DXA-derived TBS, hip cortical thickness (CT) and femoral neck (FN) buckling ratio (BR), an index of FN stability, of patients with T1DM and ESKD undergoing simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation, patients with ESKD from other causes receiving kidney transplants and population reference ranges.

Results
Of 227 patients with ESKD, 28% had T1DM and 65% were male. Compared with other ESKD patients, patients with T1DM were younger (42 ± 7.7 vs 51 ± 13.8 years), had shorter dialysis duration (24.4 ± 21 vs 42.6 ± 40 months), had higher HbA1c (7.9 ± 1.57% vs 5.4 ± 0.95%) and had lower BMI (25 ± 6 vs 27 ± 5 kg/m2). They had lower spine, hip and UD radius BMD Z-scores (all P ≤ 0.001), TBS (1.33 ± 0.12 vs 1.36 ± 0.12; P = 0.05), CT at the FN (P = 0.03), calcar (P = 0.006) and shaft (P &lt; 0.001) and higher BR (10.1±7.1 vs 7.7±4; P = 0.006). All ESKD parameters were lower than population-based reference ranges (P &lt;  0.001). Adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage and weight, prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with T1DM and ESKD were associated with higher BR (odds ratio (OR): 3.27 (95% CI: 1.19–8.92), P = 0.002) and lower FN CT (OR: 3.70 (95% CI: 1.13–12.50)).

Conclusion
Patients with ESKD and T1DM have reduced TBS, reduced CT and increased BR compared with other ESKD patients. Prospective study of these parameters is warranted to determine their utility in fracture risk prediction and management.

Significance statement
Patients with ESKD and T1DM have an elevated fracture risk due to decreased bone strength. As an adjunct to BMD, evaluating dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry parameters that incorporate structural change may have greater value in patients with ESKD and T1DM than in the general population. In this study, patients with ESKD due to T1DM had lower BMD, lower trabecular bone scores, more severe loss of CT and higher BR than other patients with ESKD and people from the general population. Both lower CT and higher BR were associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with T1DM and ESKD. Changes to these parameters should be evaluated for incident fracture prediction.
Real-life clinical impact of a five-tiered classification of pituitary tumors
Authors: Sahakian Nicolas , Appay Romain , Resseguier Noémie , Graillon Thomas , Piazzola Cécilia , Laure Cécilia , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Régis Jean , Castinetti Frédéric , Brue Thierry , Dufour Henry , Cuny Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Usually benign, pituitary tumors (PT) can be invasive and aggressive with a propensity to progress and/or recur. Trouillas's clinicopathological classification attempts to predict the evolutionary risk of a PT. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of this classification in an independent patient cohort and analyzed its impact on treatment strategies.

Patients and methods
In this study, 607 patients operated on between 2008 and 2018 for a PT were included. Grading was established based on invasion, proliferative activity (Ki-67, mitotic index) and p53 positivity. The therapeutic management following surgery was analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) of the graded tumors was estimated (Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test) and a multivariate analysis was performed (Cox regression model).

Results
Grading identified non-invasive PT without (grade 1a: 303 cases) or with proliferative activity (grade 1b: 53 cases) and invasive PT without (grade 2a: 202 cases) or with proliferative activity (grade 2b: 49 cases). The mean follow-up was 47 ± 30 months (median: 38 months). Progression/recurrence occurred in 127 cases. Grades were significant and independent predictors of PFS (P &lt; 0.001) with a 4.8-fold higher risk of progression/recurrence in grade 2b as compared to grade 1a. As second-line therapy, gamma knife or conventional radiotherapy controlled tumor growth in 91.6 and 100% of cases, respectively, irrespective of the grade. Proliferative tumors exposed the patient to a 9.5-fold higher risk of having ≥3 adjuvant therapeutic lines as compared to non-proliferative tumors.

Discussion
Grading of a PT according to Trouillas's classification predicts its risk of progression and should advocate for a personalized therapeutic approach in invasive and proliferative tumors.

Significance statement
This is the first study to assess, on a cohort of 607 well-characterized patients, the real-life therapeutic impact of the five-tiered clinicopathological classification of pituitary tumors. First, we validate that pituitary tumor grades predict the evolutionary risk of the tumor, with a significant higher risk of progression/recurrence in invasive and/or proliferative tumors (mean follow-up: 47 ± 30 months, median: 38 months). Moreover, our study provides evidence that patients with proliferative tumors have a higher risk to be retreated after primary surgery and point toward the fact that radiotherapy can successfully control tumor growth in case of progression or recurrence. Our findings advocate for a personalized therapeutic approach in clinically aggressive pituitary tumors.
Metodología de manejo de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. 1758 (Coleóptera: Curculionidae) a base de cairomonas, feromonas y semioquímicos en plantaciones de chontaduro [Bactris gasipaes (Arecales: Arecaceae)] en Riosucio, Caldas
Authors: Rodríguez Currea Héctor Jaime , Marulanda López Jhon Faber , Amaya Cristian 
Published: October 2022

Los altos niveles poblacionales de R. palmarum en plantaciones de chontaduro representan la principal limitante para el rendimiento de este cultivo. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el trampeo de R. palmarum como una alternativa al uso indiscriminado de insecticidas de síntesis química como control convencional para esta plaga. El diseño de la trampa consistió en un galón de 20 l con ventanas laterales para el acceso de los insectos, al interior presentaba cascara de piña y caña de azúcar fermentadas independientemente en agua y melaza por tres días; los dos semioquímicos trabajan por separado en viales de 30 ml con dos orificios de 1 mm; se usó la feromona Rhynchophorol C con la finalidad de aumentar el número de capturas. Se recolectaron 3126 individuos adultos de R. palmarum. Las colectas se asocian principalmente a la estimulación del sistema endocrino del insecto en cuestión por parte de los semioquímicos. Así pues, los insectos en el momento de la llegada y estadía en la trampa por ecología química liberan feromonas de agregación y se potencian las capturas. Estos resultados, a su vez, ostentan una perspectiva en el manejo de esta importante plaga de primer orden a partir de un trampeo inocuo para el medio ambiente, económico y por ende acorde a las necesidades actuales de los agricultores. Finalmente este diseño de trampa no requirió insecticidas de síntesis química para su funcionamiento, por lo tanto se reducen los costos para el agricultor y los riesgos al ecosistema.
Dietas vegetales en el desarrollo larval de dos especies de Morpho (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE, SATYRINAE, MORPHINI) en cautiverio, en Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
Authors: Vásquez Joel , Peña Wenceslao , Correa Rocío , Palacios Juan José , Zárate Ricardo , Pinedo Julio , Bellido Juan José , Ramírez Juan José , Lamas Gerardo 
Published: October 2022

Se determinó el efecto de dietas vegetales en el desarrollo larval de dos especies de mariposas diurnas en cautiverio en el Centro de Investigaciones Allpahuayo del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Perú. Para evaluar sus ciclos biológicos se emplearon 20 larvas recién emergidas de cada una de las especies, de forma individual, y para examinar el efecto de diferentes dietas en su desarrollo larval se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, con dos tratamientos y diferentes repeticiones (n1 = 31 y n2 = 14). Se reporta que la dieta con el hospedero Arachis pintoi fue óptima para las especies Morpho menelaus occidentalis y Morpho helenor theodorus, que completaron sus ciclos biológicos respectivamente en 97,51±7,98 días (n = 15), con 75% de supervivencia, y 73,22±7,26 días (n = 14), con una supervivencia de 70%. M. helenor theodorus completó su ciclo biológico con su hospedero natural Platymiscium stipulare en 75,84±10,19 días (n = 10), siendo su ciclo biológico más prolongado y con supervivencia más baja (50%). Las plantas hospederas Vigna aff. candida y Desmodium adscendens no fueron favorables para las dos especies de Morpho, ya que las larvas murieron en el primer estadio. En M. helenor theodorus no existe relación entre el sexo y la dieta respecto a la longevidad (prueba Chi cuadrado). Las hembras vivieron en promedio 53,76 días y los machos 25,45 días.
Estrategia de gestión ambiental basada en los servicios ecosistémicos del caño siete vueltas (Villavicencio, Colombia).
Authors: Mojica Macías Yinna Paola , Ortíz Moreno Martha Lucia , Gnecco Lizcano Angela María 
Published: October 2022

Introducción. Los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) representan la contribución de los ecosistemas al bienestar humano. Evaluar la percepción de las comunidades sobre los SE, junto con la aplicación de la Educación Ambiental (EA), permiten dar solución a la relación del hombre con la naturaleza y proteger el medio ambiente. Objetivo. Construir una estrategia de gestión ambiental en la comunidad de la Institución Educativa Catumare (IEC) de Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia), a partir de la percepción de los SE y basada en la EA, con el fin de apoyar la conservación del ecosistema del caño Siete Vueltas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron salidas de reconocimiento tanto de la zona de estudio como de la población relacionada, y encuestas estructuradas para obtener un diagnóstico de la percepción de los SE. A su vez, se desarrollaron talleres de capacitación donde se formuló una estrategia de gestión ambiental que consistió en campañas de limpieza y sensibilización. Los alcances de la estrategia se midieron con encuestas estructuradas y la aplicación de la Escala de Likert. Resultados. La contaminación ambiental con residuos sólidos afecta el caño Siete Vueltas. Existe en la comunidad una necesidad de sensibilización frente a los SE y los problemas ambientales del caño Siete Vueltas. Se destaca el interés, participación activa y sentido de pertenencia mostrado por la comunidad de la IEC durante las campañas de limpieza y sensibilización. El resultado más notorio fue el aumento de la percepción positiva y de beneficio por parte de los diferentes actores de la comunidad sobre los SE del caño Siete Vueltas tras la estrategia de gestión ambiental. Conclusión. Este estudio se podrá utilizar como base para emprender proyectos desde la IEC que contribuyan a la gestión integral de los recursos ecosistémicos, pero requiere de un trabajo permanente y dedicado a la conservación de este cuerpo de agua que involucre a las autoridades competentes, pero sobre todo a la comunidad residente.
Ayuntamiento y escuela en pro de valores ambientales y ciudadanos. Análisis del programa educativo “Olvera es verde”
Authors: Moreno Fernández Olga , Benítez Rodríguez Ana Mª 
Published: October 2022

La crisis socioambiental en la que está inmersa el planeta está poniendo de relieve, cada vez con mayor crudeza, las consecuencias de la globalización: se acentúan las desigualdades socioeducativas, higiénico-sanitarias, económicas, medioambientales, etc. Cuestiones que plantea necesariamente una nueva forma de entender y relacionarse con el planeta, donde la educación tiene un papel esencial. Objetivos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivos, por una parte, conocer que percepción tiene el alumnado de Educación Primaria participante en el programa educativo “Olvera es verde” sobre el medioambiente, y la relación del ser humano con este una vez finalizado el programa, y por otro lado valorar la satisfacción del alumnado con la formación recibida. Materiales y Métodos. La investigación adoptó un enfoque mixto; se realizó un seguimiento de las sesiones del programa, se realizaron grupos de discusión y se administró un cuestionario al finalizar la experiencia. Los participantes han sido 88 alumnos y alumnas de la Etapa de Educación Primaria de dos centros escolares de la localidad de Olvera (Cádiz, España). Resultados. El análisis de los resultados dejo ver algunos aspectos significativos que podrían ser útiles para la mejora de este tipo de experiencia educativa. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que el programa favorece la integración de temáticas socioambientales en el contexto escolar, favoreciendo la educación ambiental y la educación ciudadana e inculcando valores cívicos a través de sus contenidos. Conclusiones. La realización de este tipo de programas favorece la integración de temáticas socioambientales en el contexto escolar. Sin embargo, se ha detectado que el alumnado de esta etapa aún relaciona el concepto de medioambiente con el de medioambiente natural, siendo necesario para futuras investigaciones explorar cómo pasar de ese concepto de medioambiente natural a un concepto de medioambiente social.