bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Intermittency in Random Interval Maps
Authors: Homburg Ale Jan , Kalle Charlene , Ruziboev Marks , Verbitskiy Evgeny , Zeegers Benthen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCritical intermittency stands for a type of intermittent dynamics in iterated function systems, caused by an interplay of a superstable fixed point and a repelling fixed point. We consider critical intermittency for iterated function systems of interval maps and demonstrate the existence of a phase transition when varying probabilities, where the absolutely continuous stationary measure changes between finite and infinite. We discuss further properties of this stationary measure and show that its density is not in $$L^q$$

L
q

for any $$q>1$$

q
>
1

. This provides a theory of critical intermittency alongside the theory for the well studied Manneville–Pomeau maps, where the intermittency is caused by a neutral fixed point.
Komputer kreiert Wissenschaft
Authors: Bibel Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Erfindung des universellen Komputers hat für die Naturwissenschaft insgesamt eine völlig neue Welt eröffnet, in der eine neue Naturwissenschaft entstanden ist, die vor allem von der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) als Disziplin repräsentiert wird. In dieser Arbeit wird sie inhaltlich genauer als Theoriebildung über repräsentierende Objekte (ROBs) charakterisiert, welche sich umfassend nur mit Komputern experimentell überprüfen läßt. Dies wird an unterschiedlichsten Beispielen illustriert, herausragende Aspekte ihrer historischen Entwicklung in den letzten hundert Jahren werden aufgezeigt und ihr aktueller Status wird problematisiert.
Elasticity problems of beams on reaction-driven nonlocal foundation
Authors: Pinnola Francesco Paolo , Vaccaro Marzia Sara , Barretta Raffaele , Marotti de Sciarra Francesco , Ruta Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA challenging task in nonlocal continuum mechanics consists in formulating constitutive relations leading to well-posed structural problems. Several strategies have been adopted to overcome issues inherent applicability of Eringen’s pure nonlocal theory to nanostructures, such as local/nonlocal mixtures of elasticity and integral models involving modified averaging kernels. These strategies can be applied to the ill-posed problem of flexure of a beam on Wieghardt nonlocal foundation without considering any fictitious boundary forces of constitutive type. A consistent formulation of nonlocal elastic foundation underlying a Bernoulli–Euler beam is thus conceived in the present paper by requiring that transverse displacements are convex combination of reaction-driven local and nonlocal phases governed by Winkler and Wieghardt laws, respectively. The proposed integral mixture is proven to be equivalent to a more convenient differential problem, equipped with nonlocal boundary conditions, which can be effectively exploited to solve nonlocal problems of beams resting on mixture reaction-driven continuous foundation. Effectiveness of the developed nonlocal approach is illustrated by analytically solving simple elasto-static problems of structural mechanics.
Surgeons’ physical workload in open surgery versus robot-assisted surgery and nonsurgical tasks
Authors: Fan Xuelong , Forsman Mikael , Yang Liyun , Lind Carl M. , Kjellman Magnus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among surgeons, and its prevalence varies among surgical modalities. There are conflicting results concerning the correlation between adverse work exposures and MSD prevalence in different surgical modalities. The progress of rationalization in health care may lead to job intensification for surgeons, but the literature is scarce regarding to what extent such intensification influences the physical workload in surgery. The objectives of this study were to quantify the physical workload in open surgery and compare it to that in (1) nonsurgical tasks and (2) two surgeon roles in robot-assisted surgery (RAS).MethodsThe physical workload of 22 surgeons (12 performing open surgery and 10 RAS) was measured during surgical workdays, which includes trapezius muscle activity from electromyography, and posture and movement of the head, upper arms and trunk from inertial measurement units. The physical workload of surgeons in open surgery was compared to that in nonsurgical tasks, and to the chief and assistant surgeons in RAS, and to the corresponding proposed action levels. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the differences.ResultsOpen surgery constituted more than half of a surgical workday. It was associated with more awkward postures of the head and trunk than nonsurgical tasks. It was also associated with higher trapezius muscle activity levels, less muscle rest time and a higher proportion of sustained low muscle activity than nonsurgical tasks and the two roles in RAS. The head inclination and trapezius activity in open surgery exceeded the proposed action levels.ConclusionsThe physical workload of surgeons in open surgery, which exceeded the proposed action levels, was higher than that in RAS and that in nonsurgical tasks. Demands of increased operation time may result in higher physical workload for open surgeons, which poses an increased risk of MSDs. Risk-reducing measures are, therefore, needed.
Attenuation of near-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light in sound and carious human enamel and dentin
Authors: Berghammer Katrin , Litzenburger Friederike , Heck Katrin , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This in vitro study aimed to investigate the optical attenuation of light at 405, 660 and 780 nm sent through sound and carious human enamel and dentin, including respective individual caries zones, as well as microscopically sound-appearing tissue close to a carious lesion.

Materials and methods
Collimated light transmission through sections of 1000–125-µm thickness was measured and used to calculate the attenuation coefficient (AC). The data were statistically analysed with a MANOVA and Tukey’s HSD. Precise definition of measurement points enabled separate analysis within the microstructure of lesions: the outer and inner halves of enamel (D1, D2), the translucent zone (TZ) within dentin lesions and its adjacent layers, the enamel side of the translucent zone (ESTZ) and the pulpal side of the translucent zone (PSTZ).

Results
The TZ could be distinguished from its adjacent layers and from caries-free dentin at 125 µm. Sound-appearing dentin close to caries lesions significantly differed from caries-free dentin at 125 µm. While sound and carious enamel exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.05), this result was not found for D1 and D2 enamel lesions (p > 0.05). At 405 nm, no difference was found between sound and carious dentin (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Light optical means enable the distinction between sound and carious tissue and to identify the microstructure of dentin caries partially as well as the presence of tertiary dentin formation. Information on sample thickness is indispensable when interpreting the AC.

Clinical relevance
Non-ionising light sources may be suitable to detect lesion progression and tertiary dentin.
Advanced method of including housing stiffness into calculation of gear systems
Authors: Schweigert Daniel , Weinberger Uwe , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the central goals during the design of helical gear systems is the achievement of a well-distributed contact load in the gear mesh. An equal load distribution is a key factor for a high load carrying capacity, the economic use of materials and a long lifetime. Mesh misalignment can be caused by tooth deflections, manufacturing deviations or elastic deformation of the shaft-bearing system and the gearbox housing. Those deformations have to be taken into account during the design process of adequate tooth-flank geometry. Elastic deformations of gearbox housings can be significant, especially in the case of automotive applications with aluminium cases. This paper presents an advanced method of including housing stiffness into the calculation of gear systems. A validation of the approach is carried out by comparing the calculated deformations with measurements of a static test rig of a hypoid gearbox.Many calculation programs offer the opportunity to analyse the deformation behaviour of the shaft-bearing-housing system. Most of the components in these programs are described by analytic approaches. However, components that are geometrically more complex, like the housing or planet carriers cannot be represented as easily as that by analytic expressions. There are several alternatives to take into account the elasticity of those objects. One way is to model the stiffness of the bores using imported stiffness matrices. These matrices contain the elasticity of the bores itself as well as crossover influences between the bearings. The reduced stiffness matrices may be the result of a static reduction of the geometry using the finite element method (FEM). As state of the art, the reduction is mostly carried out at the centre points of the bearing bores. The proposed advanced method uses the static reduction of geometries on several points at the bores, distributed over the circumference. This approach offers a more detailed modelling of the elastic behaviour of complex geometries within the analytic deformation calculation of gear systems. To validate the advanced approach, the calculation results of the elastic deflections of the shaft-bearing-housing system is compared with measurements of a static test rig. In the course of these comparisons, the influence of different modelling methods of gearbox housings on the accuracy of the calculation results is discussed.
Eigendamage: an eigendeformation model for the variational approximation of cohesive fracture—a one-dimensional case study
Authors: Auer-Volkmann Veronika , Beck Lisa , Schmidt Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study an approximation scheme for a variational theory of cohesive fracture in a one-dimensional setting. Here, the energy functional is approximated by a family of functionals depending on a small parameter$$0 < \varepsilon \ll 1$$0<ε≪1and on two fields: the elastic part of the displacement field and an eigendeformation field that describes the inelastic response of the material beyond the elastic regime. We measure the inelastic contributions of the latter in terms of a non-local energy functional. Our main result shows that, as$$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ε→0, the approximate functionals$$\Gamma$$Γ-converge to a cohesive zone model.
The Soundscapes of the Lower Chuya River Area, Russian Altai: Ethnographic Sources, Indigenous Ontologies and the Archaeoacoustics of Rock Art Sites
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita , Jiménez Pasalodos Raquel , Rozwadowski Andrzej , Álvarez Morales Lidia , Miklashevich Elena , Santos da Rosa Neemias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe acoustics of the Lower  Chuya River area rock art landscape are analyzed through both the exploration of its acoustic properties and the ethnographic information gathered about the region. The results obtained in the acoustics tests undertaken in the area, in particular at the rock art sites of Kalbak-Tash I, Kalbak-Tash II, and Adyr-Kan, are examined. They indicate that the perceived loudness resulting from a natural amplification of sound (strength parameter) and music and speech clarity may have been some of the reasons behind the selection of these locations for rock art production. The ethnographic sources related to the Altai and other Siberian areas are then reviewed as a way of providing an ontological framework for the study of Altaian sonic concepts and behaviors in nature. As the sources indicate, at least for the historical period and presumably earlier, in the prehistoric period, all existing beings are entangled by sound, and they mimic each other in endless ways. We argue that these sites were selected in a non-linear relational ontological framework. It is suggested that the multidisciplinary perspective combining archaeology, physical acoustics, and ethnography has considerable potential for providing a new, richer understanding of rock art landscapes.
Transfection of Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa (HSP70)
Authors: Gestin Maxime , Falato Luca , Ciccarelli Michela , Cerrato Carmine Pasquale , Andréasson Claes , Langel Ülo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) is a major protein family in the cell protections against stress-induced denaturation and aggregation and in the folding of nascent proteins. It is a highly conserved protein that can be found in most organisms and is strongly connected to several intracellular pathways such as protein folding and refolding, protein degradation and regulation, and protection against intense stress. Cellular delivery of HSP70 would be of high impact for clarification of its role in these cellular processes.PepFect14 is a cell-penetrating peptide known to be able to mediate the transfection of various oligonucleotides to multiple cell lines with a higher efficacy than most commercially available transfection agents and without inducing significant toxic effects.In this study we demonstrated that PepFect14 was able to form a complex with HSP70 and to deliver it inside cells in the same fashion with oligonucleotide delivery. The delivered HSP70 showed an effect in the cell regulation indicating that the protein was biologically available in the cytoplasm and the interactions with PepFect14 did not impeach its active sites once the plasma barrier crossed.This study reports the first successful delivery of HSP70 to our knowledge and the first protein transfection mediated by PepFect14. It opens new fields of research for both PepFect14 as a delivery agent and HSP70 as a therapeutic agent; with potential in peptide aggregation caused diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
$$\Gamma $$-evaluations of hypergeometric series
Authors: Beukers Frits , Forsgård Jens 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we explore special values of Gaussian hypergeometric functions in terms of products of Euler $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-functions and exponential functions of linear functions of the hypergeometric parameters. They include some classical evaluations, but the main inspiration is from the contiguity method recently applied by Akihito Ebisu.
Testing the Internal Consent Scale for Measurement Invariance Across Women and Men
Authors: Willis Malachi , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Marcantonio Tiffany L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Internal Consent Scale (ICS) was created to measure feelings associated with a person’s willingness to engage in partnered sexual activity. Although previous studies using the ICS have assessed gender differences, evidence has not been provided to suggest that the ICS functions similarly for women and men. Using data from an online cross-sectional survey of adults (N = 874; 53.1% women), we subjected the 25-item ICS to tests of measurement invariance across gender. We found that only partial measurement invariance was tenable, which indicated that direct comparisons across gender should be interpreted with caution when using the ICS. Therefore, we created a gender-invariant short form. In support of construct validity, we found that this 15-item ICS–Short Form demonstrated similar associations with measures of sexual consent communication as the full 25-item ICS. If researchers aim to compare women and men on internal sexual consent, we recommend using the 15-item ICS–Short Form. Cognitive interviews should be conducted to further understand how women and men might differentially interpret ICS items.
Modified os sepiae of Sepiella inermis as a low cost, sustainable, bio-based adsorbent for the effective remediation of boron from aqueous solution
Authors: Bhagyaraj Sneha , Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Khan Mariam , Kasak Peter , Krupa Igor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of boron in low concentration is essential; however, a higher concentration of boron source in water has a toxic effect on humans as well as have retard effect on agricultural plant growth. Thus, the affordable and facile method to remediate water from higher boron concentrations is highly demanded. This report explores the ability of naturally occurring sustainable bio-wasteos sepiae(cuttlefish bone, CFB) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of boron from water. Chemical activation of theos sepiaepowder was examined to improve the efficiency of boron adsorption. A batch adsorption study for boron considering various parameters such as chemical modification ofos sepiae, pH, initial boron concentration, and the temperature was scrutinized. Untreated (CFB), alkali-treated (CFB-D) and acid-treated (CFB-A)os sepiaepowders were investigated and the adsorption capacities reached up to 53.8 ± 0.04 mg/g, 66.4 ± 0.02 mg/g and 69.8 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, at optimal pH 8 and 25 °C. Boron adsorption by CFB, CFB-D, and CFB-A were well fitted with the linear Freundlich adsorption isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 99.4%, 99.8%, and 99.7% respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of boron by CFB is an exothermic process and more feasible at a lower temperature around 25 °C. Moreover, detailed morphological and chemical characterization of the influence of adsorbed boron on adsorbents was conducted and discussed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis spectra confirms the involvement of various functional groups including amino, carbonate (CO3)2−, and hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent in the adsorption mechanisms for boron removal. The results indicate that CFB can be an excellent example for the recycling and reuse of biowaste for water remediation.
Rubrics enhance accuracy and reduce cognitive load in self-assessment
Authors: Krebs Rebecca , Rothstein Björn , Roelle Julian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRubrics, which are designed to inform learners about assessment criteria and quality levels concerning a task assignment, are a widely used means to support learners in self-assessing their task performance. Usually, rubrics enhance task performance. Surprisingly, however, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms via which rubrics exert their beneficial effects. Although it is frequently suggested that the effects of rubrics on task performance are due to the fact that they support learners in accurately self-assessing their level of performance, which, in turn, paves the way for effective regulation, the empirical evidence that supports this notion is relatively scarce. Tightly controlled experimental studies, which allow isolating the effects of rubrics on the accuracy of self-assessments, are scarce. The present study was designed to close this gap. Specifically, in an experiment with N = 93 high school students we tested whether providing learners with a rubric in self-assessing the quality of self-written scientific abstracts would enhance judgment accuracy. As main results, we found that the rubric group showed higher absolute accuracy and lower bias. Furthermore, the rubric reduced cognitive load in self-assessing. These findings support the notion that one mechanism via which rubrics unfold their efficacy is by enhancing judgment accuracy.
The Role of Urban Environments in Promoting Active and Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review of Citizen Science Approaches
Authors: Wood G. E. R. , Pykett J. , Daw P. , Agyapong-Badu S. , Banchoff A. , King A. C. , Stathi A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Promoting active and healthy aging in urban spaces requires environments with diverse, age-friendly characteristics. This scoping review investigated the associations between urban characteristics and active and healthy aging as identified by citizen science (CS) and other participatory approaches. Using a systematic scoping review procedure, 23 articles employing a CS or participatory approach (participant age range: 54–98 years) were reviewed. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis was completed to (a) identify local urban barriers and facilitators and (b) map them against the World Health Organization (WHO) Checklist of Essential Features of Age-Friendly Cities. A new Citizen Science Appraisal Tool (CSAT) was developed to evaluate the quality of CS and other participatory approaches included in the reviewed articles. A range of interconnected urban barriers and facilitators was generated by residents across the personal (e.g. perceived safety), environmental (e.g. unmaintained infrastructure), socio-cultural (e.g. cross-cultural activities), economic (e.g. affordable housing) and political (e.g. governmental support to migrant communities) domains. Mapping the barriers and facilitators to the WHO age-friendly checklist underscored the checklist’s relevance and elucidated the need to explore barriers for migrant and cross-cultural communities and neighborhood development and alterations. The CSAT demonstrated strengths related to active engagement of residents and study outcomes leading to real-world implications. To advance the potential of CS to enrich our understanding of age-friendly environments, employing co-production to enhance relevance and sustainability of outcomes is an important strategy. Overall, employing CS highlighted the value of systematically capturing the experiences of older adults within studies aimed at promoting active and healthy aging.
Circumscription and typification of sphagnicolous omphalinoid species of Arrhenia (Hygrophoraceae) in Newfoundland and Labrador: three obligate and one facultative species
Authors: Voitk Andrus , Saar Irja , Moncada Bibiana , Lickey Edgar B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMolecular studies of sphagnicolous arrhenias in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) revealed four clades in Arrhenia, three obligate (two scaly capped and one smooth-capped) and one facultative (smooth-capped) sphagnophiles. Critical nomenclatural review of 16 names used for omphalinoid sphagnicolous taxa in the past left five suitable to apply to this group. One scaly capped obligate sphagnophilic clade contained the type for Arr. gerardiana and the other, the type for Clitocybe gerardiana var. fusca; the latter we introduce as the novel species Arr. bigelowii. It differed from the first by longer spores and a darkening reaction in 10% of collections. The smooth-capped third obligate sphagnophilic clade contained the types of Agaricus telmatiaeus and Omphalina fusconigra; we recombined it as Arr. telmatiaea. This is the darkest species of the group, with a more northern distribution in NL. The facultative sphagnophile was identified as Arr. philonotis, a lighter smooth-capped species also with a more northern distribution in NL. Unexpectedly, we also collected an unidentified smooth-capped facultatively sphagnophilic species of Omphalina of the O. pyxidata complex. All five species are distributed in both Europe and North America. We describe each species of Arrhenia with a sequenced type, providing new type material where needed. Overall, this study adds new sequences from over 80 specimens of sphagnicolous arrhenias to the two existing in GenBank when we began in 2006, 11 new sequences of the unidentified species of Omphalina, and several other arrhenias.