bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TyGIS: improved triglyceride-glucose index for the assessment of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy
Authors: Salvatori Benedetta , Linder Tina , Eppel Daniel , Morettini Micaela , Burattini Laura , Göbl Christian , Tura Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) has been proposed as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, which is a typical trait of pregnancy. However, very few studies analyzed TyG performance as marker of insulin resistance in pregnancy, and they were limited to insulin resistance assessment at fasting rather than in dynamic conditions, i.e., during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which allows more reliable assessment of the actual insulin sensitivity impairment. Thus, first aim of the study was exploring in pregnancy the relationships between TyG and OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity. In addition, we developed a new version of TyG, for improved performance as marker of insulin resistance in pregnancy.MethodsAt early pregnancy, a cohort of 109 women underwent assessment of maternal biometry and blood tests at fasting, for measurements of several variables (visit 1). Subsequently (26 weeks of gestation) all visit 1 analyses were repeated (visit 2), and a subgroup of women (84 selected) received a 2 h-75 g OGTT (30, 60, 90, and 120 min sampling) with measurement of blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide for reliable assessment of insulin sensitivity (PREDIM index) and insulin secretion/beta-cell function. The dataset was randomly split into 70% training set and 30% test set, and by machine learning approach we identified the optimal model, with TyG included, showing the best relationship with PREDIM. For inclusion in the model, we considered only fasting variables, in agreement with TyG definition.ResultsThe relationship of TyG with PREDIM was weak. Conversely, the improved TyG, called TyGIS, (linear function of TyG, body weight, lean body mass percentage and fasting insulin) resulted much strongly related to PREDIM, in both training and test sets (R2 > 0.64, p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman analysis and equivalence test confirmed the good performance of TyGIS in terms of association with PREDIM. Different further analyses confirmed TyGIS superiority over TyG.ConclusionsWe developed an improved version of TyG, as new surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity in pregnancy (TyGIS). Similarly to TyG, TyGIS relies only on fasting variables, but its performances are remarkably improved than those of TyG.
Scientific evidence invalidates health assumptions underlying the FCC and ICNIRP exposure limit determinations for radiofrequency radiation: implications for 5G
Authors:   International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF), Belyaev Igor , Blackman Carl , Chamberlin Kent , DeSalles Alvaro , Dasdag Suleyman , Fernández Claudio , Hardell Lennart , Héroux Paul , Kelley Elizabeth , Kesari Kavindra , Maisch Don , Mallery-Blythe Erica , Melnick Ronald L. , Miller Anthony , Moskowitz Joel M. , Sun Wenjun , Yakymenko Igor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the late-1990s, the FCC and ICNIRP adopted radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure limits to protect the public and workers from adverse effects of RFR. These limits were based on results from behavioral studies conducted in the 1980s involving 40–60-minute exposures in 5 monkeys and 8 rats, and then applying arbitrary safety factors to an apparent threshold specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg. The limits were also based on two major assumptions: any biological effects were due to excessive tissue heating and no effects would occur below the putative threshold SAR, as well as twelve assumptions that were not specified by either the FCC or ICNIRP. In this paper, we show how the past 25 years of extensive research on RFR demonstrates that the assumptions underlying the FCC’s and ICNIRP’s exposure limits are invalid and continue to present a public health harm. Adverse effects observed at exposures below the assumed threshold SAR include non-thermal induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, cardiomyopathy, carcinogenicity, sperm damage, and neurological effects, including electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Also, multiple human studies have found statistically significant associations between RFR exposure and increased brain and thyroid cancer risk. Yet, in 2020, and in light of the body of evidence reviewed in this article, the FCC and ICNIRP reaffirmed the same limits that were established in the 1990s. Consequently, these exposure limits, which are based on false suppositions, do not adequately protect workers, children, hypersensitive individuals, and the general population from short-term or long-term RFR exposures. Thus, urgently needed are health protective exposure limits for humans and the environment. These limits must be based on scientific evidence rather than on erroneous assumptions, especially given the increasing worldwide exposures of people and the environment to RFR, including novel forms of radiation from 5G telecommunications for which there are no adequate health effects studies.
The impact of peer support work on the mental health of peer support specialists
Authors: Poremski Daniel , Kuek Jonathan Han Loong , Yuan Qi , Li Ziqiang , Yow Kah Lai , Eu Pui Wai , Chua Hong Choon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Peers support specialists have positive impacts on the mental health of their service users. However, less is known about how their mental health changes as a result of their activities.

Methods
We followed 10 peer support specialists over their first year of employment and interviewed them thrice. We used grounded theory to analyse the way in which the health of participants changed.

Results
Self-reported mental health of our participants did not change over the course of the study. However, the role did help participants grow and learn about their condition and their strengths. While sharing their past experiences could be taxing, they learned how to harness their recovery journey without risking relapse.

Conclusion
Entering the role of a peer support specialist does not appear to negatively impact mental health, but might enhance insight and resilience. However, this appears to occur in individuals who already possess an inclination toward introspection.
Individualizing mechanical ventilation: titration of driving pressure to pulmonary elastance through Young’s modulus in an acute respiratory distress syndrome animal model
Authors: Mingote Álvaro , Marrero García Ramsés , Santos González Martín , Castejón Raquel , Salas Antón Clara , Vargas Nuñez Juan Antonio , García-Fernández Javier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Mechanical ventilation increases the risk of lung injury (VILI). Some authors propose that the way to reduce VILI is to find the threshold of driving pressure below which VILI is minimized. In this study, we propose a method to titrate the driving pressure to pulmonary elastance in an acute respiratory distress syndrome model using Young’s modulus and its consequences on ventilatory-induced lung injury.

Material and methods
20 Wistar Han male rats were used. After generating an acute respiratory distress syndrome, two groups were studied: (a) standard protective mechanical ventilation: 10 rats received 150 min of mechanical ventilation with driving pressure = 14 cm H2O, tidal volume < 6 mL/kg) and (b) individualized mechanical ventilation: 10 rats received 150 min of mechanical ventilation with an individualized driving pressure according to their Young’s modulus. In both groups, an individualized PEEP was programmed in the same manner. We analyzed the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß in BAL and the acute lung injury score in lung tissue postmortem.

Results
Global driving pressure was different between the groups (14 vs 11 cm H2O, p = 0.03). The individualized mechanical ventilation group had lower concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage of IL-6 (270 pg/mL vs 155 pg/mL, p = 0.02), TNF-α (292 pg/mL vs 139 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and IL-1ß (563 pg/mL vs 131 pg/mL, p = 0.05). They presented lower proportion of lymphocytes (96% vs 79%, p = 0.05) as well as lower lung injury score (6.0 points vs 2.0 points, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
In our model, individualization of DP to pulmonary elastance through Young’s modulus decreases lung inflammation and structural lung injury without a significant impact on oxygenation.
Integrating electrical impedance tomography and transpulmonary pressure monitoring to personalize PEEP in hypoxemic patients undergoing pressure support ventilation
Authors: Slobod Douglas , Leali Marco , Spinelli Elena , Grieco Domenico Luca , Spadaro Savino , Mauri Tommaso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonitoring with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) during a decremental PEEP trial has been used to identify the PEEP that yields the optimal balance of pulmonary overdistension and collapse. This method is based on pixel-level changes in respiratory system compliance and depends on fixed or measured airway driving pressure. We developed a novel approach to quantify overdistension and collapse during pressure support ventilation (PSV) by integrating transpulmonary pressure and EIT monitoring and performed pilot tests in three hypoxemic patients. We report that our experimental approach is feasible and capable of identifying a PEEP that balances overdistension and collapse in intubated hypoxemic patients undergoing PSV.
Senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) in male as a spontaneous osteoarthritis model
Authors: Sanada Yohei , Ikuta Yasunari , Ding Chenyang , Shinohara Masahiro , Yimiti Dilimulati , Ishitobi Hiroyuki , Nagira Keita , Lee Minjung , Akimoto Takayuki , Shibata Sachi , Ishikawa Masakazu , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Matsubara Kiminori , Lotz Martin K. , Adachi Nobuo , Miyaki Shigeru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Animal models of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) are sparse and not well characterized. The purpose of the present study is to examine OA-related changes and mechanisms in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) that displays a phenotype of accelerated aging.

Methods
Knees of male SAMP8 and SAM-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice as control from 6 to 33 weeks of age were evaluated by histological grading systems for joint tissues (cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone), and µCT analysis. Gene expression patterns in articular cartilage were analyzed by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed for OA-related factors, senescence markers, and apoptosis.

Results
Starting at 14 weeks of age, SAMP8 exhibited mild OA-like changes such as proteoglycan loss and cartilage fibrillation. From 18 to 33 weeks of age, SAMP8 progressed to partial or full-thickness defects with exposure of subchondral bone on the medial tibia and exhibited synovitis. Histological scoring indicated significantly more severe OA in SAMP8 compared with SAMR1 from 14 weeks [median (interquartile range): SAMR1: 0.89 (0.56–1.81) vs SAMP8: 1.78 (1.35–4.62)] to 33 weeks of age [SAMR1: 1.67 (1.61–1.04) vs SAMP8: 13.03 (12.26–13.57)]. Subchondral bone sclerosis in the medial tibia, bone mineral density (BMD) loss of femoral metaphysis, and meniscus degeneration occurred much earlier than the onset of cartilage degeneration in SAMP8 at 14 weeks of age.

Conclusions
SAMP8 are a spontaneous OA model that is useful for investigating the pathogenesis of primary OA and evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Severe extra-glandular involvement and pleural effusions complicating primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Abou Ziki Maen D. , Taoutel Roy , Hong Julian C. , Podell David N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSjogren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands, results in keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and dental caries. It is often overlooked, considered by clinicians to be a benign disease. However, it can cause life-threatening extra-glandular complications that affect multiple organ systems.Case presentationHere we present a 78-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) whose symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca were managed managed conservatively. She was evaluated for sub-acute shortness of breath. Imaging showed severe bronchiectasis with features of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. She also had exudative bilateral pleural effusions and skin ulcers, likely vasculitic in origin. The workup was significant for anti-Ro antibody, pancytopenia, hypocomplementia, cryoglobulinemia and monoclonal gammopathy, all of which reflect disease severity. Although there was no evidence of malignancy, she developed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma during follow-up.ConclusionsPrimary Sjogren’s syndrome can result in severe multi-organ disease. Pleural effusions are a rare complication of pSS, with only ten cases reported in the literature over the last 30 years, and tend to respond well to steroids. Prognostic biomarkers for disease severity include hypocomplementia, cryoglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy, and hypergammaglobulinemia. In this report we review the literature and the management of the disease.
Adrenal infarction secondary to methamphetamine use: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sapkota Surendra , David Sarah , Sharma Sandipa , Shrestha Suraj , Kalla Abhishek 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
An acute abdomen can have a variety of causes. A commonly missed cause of abdominal pain is direct substance abuse and its sequelae. The use of methamphetamine is rising in the United States resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There has been no reported case of methamphetamine-induced adrenal infarction based on an extensive review of available literature.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 34-year-old Hispanic man who presented with acute abdominal pain secondary to adrenal infarction in the setting of methamphetamine use. Left paraumbilical tenderness was present on abdominal examination. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed internal hypoenhancement of the left adrenal gland, consistent with acute left adrenal infarction. The patient was managed with enoxaparin and apixaban.

Conclusion
Substance abuse, especially among young patients, can at times present with acute abdomen. This mandates physicians to be vigilant and take into consideration the history of substance abuse and relevant investigations. Timely diagnosis and management can prevent life-threatening complications.
A novel C-type lectin from Trichinella spiralis mediates larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Hao Hui Nan , Song Yan Yan , Ma Kai Ning , Wang Bo Ning , Long Shao Rong , Liu Ruo Dan , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of a novel type C lectin from Trichinella spiralis (TsCTL) and its role in larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). TsCTL has a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectin. The full-length TsCTL cDNA sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The results of qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) showed that TsCTL was a surface and secretory protein that was highly expressed at the T. spiralis intestinal infective larva (IIL) stages and primarily located at the cuticle, stichosome and embryos of the parasite. rTsCTL could specifically bind with IECs, and the binding site was localized in the IEC nucleus and cytoplasm. The IFA results showed that natural TsCTL was secreted and bound to the enteral epithelium at the intestinal stage of T. spiralis infection. The rTsCTL had a haemagglutinating effect on murine erythrocytes, while mannose was able to inhibit the rTsCTL agglutinating effect for mouse erythrocytes. rTsCTL accelerated larval intrusion into the IECs, whereas anti-rTsCTL antibodies and mannose significantly impeded larval intrusion in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that TsCTL specifically binds to IECs and promotes larval invasion of intestinal epithelium, and it might be a potential target of vaccines against T. spiralis enteral stages.
YOLO-LRDD: a lightweight method for road damage detection based on improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Wan Fang , Sun Chen , He Hongyang , Lei Guangbo , Xu Li , Xiao Teng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn computer vision, timely and accurate execution of object identification tasks is critical. However, present road damage detection approaches based on deep learning suffer from complex models and computationally time-consuming issues. To address these issues, we present a lightweight model for road damage identification by enhancing the YOLOv5s approach. The resulting algorithm, YOLO-LRDD, provides a good balance of detection precision and speed. First, we propose the novel backbone network Shuffle-ECANet by adding an ECA attention module into the lightweight model ShuffleNetV2. Second, to ensure reliable detection, we employ BiFPN rather than the original feature pyramid network since it improves the network's capacity to describe features. Moreover, in the model training phase, localization loss is modified to Focal-EIOU in order to get higher-quality anchor box. Lastly, we augment the well-known RDD2020 dataset with many samples of Chinese road scenes and compare YOLO-LRDD against several state-of-the-art object detection techniques. The smaller model of our YOLO-LRDD offers superior performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, as determined by our experiments. Compared to YOLOv5s in particular, YOLO-LRDD improves single image recognition speed by 22.3% and reduces model size by 28.8% while maintaining comparable accuracy. In addition, it is easier to implant in mobile devices because its model is smaller and lighter than those of the other approaches.
Resource allocation for UAV-assisted backscatter communication
Authors: Wang Zhengqiang , Hong Duan , Fan Zifu , Wan Xiaoyu , Xu Yongjun , Duo Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a promising new technology for green communication, backscatter communication has attracted wide attention in academics and industry. This paper studies the resource allocation problem for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted backscatter communication network. The UAV acts as an airborne mobile base station and broadcasts signals to the ground backscatter devices (BDs), which transmit the data signals to the backscatter receiver (BR) in a backscattered manner. Specifically, the ground-based BDs communicate with the BR using a dynamic protocol based on time division multiple access. Considering the fairness among BDs, we aim to investigate maximizing the minimum (max–min) rate of the proposed network by jointly optimizing backscatter device scheduling, reflection coefficient, UAV’s power control, and UAV’s trajectory. The optimization problem is a non-convex problem, which is challenging to obtain the optimal solution. Therefore, we propose an efficient iterative algorithm to decompose the optimization problem into four subproblems by the block coordinate descent method. The variables are alternatively optimized by the interior point method and successive convex approximation techniques in each iteration. Finally, simulation results show that the max–min rate of the system obtained by the proposed scheme outperforms other benchmark schemes.
The state of health in Belgium, 1990–2019: a benchmarking analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Ghattas Jinane , Gorasso Vanessa , De Pauw Robby , Thunus Sophie , Speybroeck Niko , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In a context of decreasing resources and growing health needs, evidence-based health and care policies are essential. This study aims to assess the health trends in Belgium between 1990 and 2019, to compare the Belgian health status to that of the EU-15 countries, and to identify the main drivers in trends over time and country differences within the EU-15.

Methods
We extracted estimates from the GBD 2019 study via the GBD results tool and visualization tools. We compared the Belgian health status with 14 European Union comparator countries between 1990 and 2019, and decomposed the time trends and country differences into the unique contributions of the different underlying causes of death and disability.

Results
Life expectancy (LE) in Belgium improved significantly between 1990 and 2019 for both men and women. Belgium age-standardised mortality rates dropped significantly for men (-40%) and women (-33%) between 1990 and 2019. Overall, Belgium age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates dropped by 23%. This decrease is mainly due to decreasing trends in age-standardised years of life lost (YLL) rates while age-standardised years lived with disability (YLD) rates remained stable. Compared to EU-15, Belgium’s ranking in terms of age-standardised DALY rates worsened for both men and women in 2019. Self-harm and falls are major causes of disease burden, with DALY rates that are higher than in many other EU-15 countries, indicating a realistic potential for improvement. Lung cancer DALY rates remain worrisome for men, and even show an increasing trend for women. Increasing trends of headache disorders, drug use disorders, and diabetes, require further attention.

Conclusion
Non-communicable diseases remain the main contributors for health burden in Belgium, with disability accounting for an increasingly larger share of the disease burden. Despite considerable improvements, Belgium’s ranking for DALYs decreased between 1990 and 2019 compared to the EU-15. This study identified priority causes of disease burden based on their contributions to current evolutions and EU-15 differences. Since many of these causes are considered to be avoidable, primary and secondary prevention are crucial elements for reducing the burden of disease on the healthcare system.
The damage and reconstruction of the Kumamoto earthquake: an analysis on the impact of changes in expenditures with multi-regional input–output table for Kumamoto Prefecture
Authors: Takeda Kenta , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Kumamoto earthquake which occurred in April 2016 measured twice the maximum seismic intensity of 7, causing serious damage to the Kumamoto Prefecture. This study mainly focuses on the demand side of expenditures, estimating the monthly expenditures for 1 year before and after the earthquake. Then, using the multi-regional input–output table for Kumamoto Prefecture, we analyzes the ripple effects by region of the changes in monthly expenditures due to the earthquake. Expenditures in the prefecture in fiscal year 2016 by month decreased by a cumulative total of 592 billion yen because of the earthquake, which generated a value-added loss of 348 billion yen. On the other hand, expenditures increased by a cumulative total of 648 billion yen caused by reconstruction demand, inducing 375 billion yen in value-added gains. Thus, net increase of the value-added of 27 billion yen occupied 10.9% of net increase of the gross prefectural domestic product between fiscal years 2015–2016. The fluctuation of expenditures, induced production, and induced value-added caused by the earthquake is huge. Although the damage to the prefectural economy was severe, reconstruction demand exceeded it, resulting in a quick recovery. However, at the same time, there was a confirmed delay in restoration in industries that were almost unrelated to reconstruction and in regions with a heavy concentration of damage.