bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible digital twins from commercial off-the-shelf software solutions: a driver for energy efficiency and decarbonisation in process industries?
Authors: Alford Molly , Udugama Isuru , Yu Wei , Young Brent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The term ‘digital twin’ refers to a virtual simulation/model (virtual twin) of a physical plant or object (physical twin), where data flows between the virtual and physical twins. A digital twin can be used for different purposes, such as process optimisation/control, design, training, and maintenance/service. This manuscript found an increasing number of simulation and modelling publications in literature year on year, which illustrates the current trend towards implementing digital twins in a broad range of process engineering applications. A targeted literature review into the area found several commercial off-the-shelf software solutions (COTS) for different industrial applications providing the necessary flexibility to analyse a broad range of industries. However, most of the process modelling software is designed for petroleum and fine chemicals processes. There is still a need for software solutions that can model a broader range of applications. While most of the software found was licensed, open source process modelling software was also available. There is a lack of independent research into the accuracy of these software solutions. The literature review also found that 37% of the research based on process simulations is carried out to improve energy efficiencies. In comparison, 27% of the research found Decarbonization to be a secondary "added" benefit. It can be concluded that digital twins are ideally suited for driving energy efficiency improvements and decarbonisation goals. However, none of the COTS identified in the literature meets all the requirements for a digital twin. A solution to this problem is to create a layered digital twin, combining and interfacing different tools to accomplish a visually similar, self-optimising, self-learning virtual plant.
Understanding the Usefulness of E-Portfolios: Linking Artefacts, Reflection, and Validation
Authors: Lam Ricky 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
E-Portfolios in language education have emerged over two decades. Despite their popularity as an instructional tool, many cast doubt on their usefulness in second language classrooms, especially when scholars are not clear about how e-Portfolio artefacts can be converted into reliable learning evidence by students’ active reflection and validation via multimedia feedback to inform language teaching and learning. This paper examines the usefulness of e-Portfolios by looking into how teachers attempt the tool to connect portfolio evidence, rationalisation, and feedback. Three novice teachers with three-year school experience (Jill, Jamie, and Jackie) undertook action research projects in their secondary schools. They participated in the study by trying out their individual e-Portfolio programmes for a year. Qualitative data, including two classroom observations and three reflective journal entries per teacher were collected by the author. Content analysis of qualitative data (i.e., lesson observation transcripts and journal entries) was performed deductively. The findings showed that except Jamie, Jill and Jackie hardly enhanced the usefulness of e-Portfolios, because they could not empower students to link artefacts, reflection, and validation properly owing to multiple reasons. Pedagogical implications concerning how to scale up the usefulness of e-Portfolio in L2 classroom contexts are discussed.
Network Analysis of Price Comovements Among Corn Futures and Cash Prices
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to significant implications for resource and food sectors that directly influence social well-being, commodity price comovements represent an important issue in agricultural economics. In this study, we approach this issue by concentrating on daily prices of the corn futures market and 496 cash markets from 16 states in the United States for the period of July 2006 – February 2011 through correlation based hierarchical analysis and synchronization analysis, which allow for determining interactions and interdependence among these prices, heterogeneities in price synchronization, and their changing patterns over time. As the first study of the issue focusing on prices of the futures and hundreds of spatially dispersed cash markets for a commodity of indubitable economic significance, empirical findings show that the degree of comovements is generally higher after March 2008 but no persistent increase is observed. Different groups of cash markets are identified, each of which has its members exhibit relatively stable price synchronization over time that is generally at a higher level than the synchronization among the futures and all of the 496 cash markets. The futures is not found to show stable price synchronization with any cash market. Certain cash markets have potential of serving as cash price leaders. Results here benefit resource and food policy analysis and design for economic welfare. The empirical framework has potential of being adapted to network analysis of prices of different commodities.
Metabolically healthy obesity in a paediatric obesity clinic
Authors: Teixeira Diana , Martins Cátia , Oliveira Guiomar , Soares Raquel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) children is a described subgroup of obese children who do not exhibit traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characterize patients with this phenotype.

Methods
Cross-sectional study, performed in a paediatric obesity clinic (tertiary university hospital) in 2019. Children were classified with “MHO” or “metabolically unhealthy obesity” according to the criteria proposed by Damanhoury based on HDL, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting glucose values.

Results
241 participants were included, with ages between two and 17 years. The prevalence of the MHO phenotype was 61.8%. The body mass index (Z-score) in children aged five years or older was significantly lower in those with MHO (p=0.040). In the MHO group, mean total cholesterol levels were higher (p<0.001), due to the high value of HDL (p<0.001); triglyceride levels (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.036), DBP (p=0.029) and the homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (p=0.001) were significantly lower. HDL (OR=1.421; 95% CI 1.279–1.579; p<0.001) and SBP (OR=0.943; 95% CI 0.903–0.985; p=0.008) were the only independent predictors for the development of MHO.

Conclusions
Almost two-thirds of the participants had an MHO phenotype. The high and low values of HDL and SBP, respectively, were the only variables that proved to be predictors of MHO.
Prenatal predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Mappa Ilenia , De Vito Marika , Flacco Maria Elena , di Mascio Daniele , D’Antonio Francesco , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To identify predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Methods
In a multicenter study fetuses with congenital CMV infection diagnosed by PCR on amniotic fluid and normal prenatal imaging at the time of diagnosis were included. Primary outcome was the occurrence of structural anomalies at follow-up ultrasound or prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of anomalies detected exclusively postnatally and the rate of symptomatic infection.

Results
One hundred and four fetuses with congenital CMV were included in the study. Anomalies were detected at follow-up ultrasound or MRI in 18.3% (19/104) cases. Additional anomalies were found after birth in 11.9% (10/84) of cases and 15.5% (13/85) of newborns showed clinical symptoms related to CMV infection. There was no difference in either maternal age (p=0.3), trimester (p=0.4) of infection and prenatal therapy (p=0.4) between fetuses with or whiteout anomalies at follow-up. Conversely, median viral load in the amniotic fluid was higher in fetuses with additional anomalies at follow-up (p=0.02) compared to those without. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, high viral load in the amniotic fluid, defined as ≥100,000 copies/mL was the only independent predictor for the occurrence of anomalies detected exclusively at follow-up ultrasound assessment or MRI, with an OR of 3.12.

Conclusions
Viral load in the amniotic fluid is a strong predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in congenital CMV infection. The results of this study emphasize the importance of adequate follow up even in case of negative neurosonography to better predict postnatal adverse outcomes of infected newborns, especially in amniotic fluid high viral load.
Functions of the-êysuffix in Hyow
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an extensive discussion on the functions of the-êysuffix in Hyow, a Southeastern Kuki-Chin (henceforth, KC) language spoken by approximately four thousand people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The attested use of the-êysuffix in Hyow is of interest because of its use in two opposite syntactic structures. Although the straightforward function of the-êysuffix resembles that of middle voice, its other use in prototypical transitive clauses makes it difficult to assign a category to the suffix in question. This paper deals with this anomaly in the functional domains of the-êysuffix in Hyow with empirical data and makes suggestions of a category to be assigned to this suffix.
I. Erzähltes Recht – Neue Wege zum mittelalterlichen Rechtsbegriff
Authors: Dilcher Gerhard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Narrations of Law. New paths to a conception of medieval law. The article, starting from a review of two publications on medieval Scandinavian literature, tries to find out the role of law in the sagas of medieval Iceland, dealing with mostly bloody conflicts in a society without a ruler or state. Different from classical legal history, today we have to understand law in this context not as a systematic order of norms, but instead as an oral tradition in a world of mainly violent solutions of conflicts by revenge, partly by mediation or arbitration, seldom through a legal proceeding. Not a norm of law, but a compensation in relation to the honour or social position of the parties is the key for a solution. – The theory of a radical cultural change in history (axial age) turns out to be useful for understanding the changing role of law in medieval societies, including Scandinavia.
III. Zunft und Unordnung
Authors: Kunstreich Jasper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Guilds between authority and opposition. This paper compares the legal status of guilds in two German towns of the late Middle Ages: Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg. Both cities represented commercial hubs, Frankfurt with its privilege to hold fairs, Hamburg as a port town and member of the Hanse. Both cities also witnessed unrest and public protest by guilds during the second half of the 14th century. This article argues that those conflicts erupted over the guilds’ attempts to formalise their legal status by having their statutes written and acknowledged by the city council. The council eventually pre-empted those attempts. This happened through a process of bargaining that can be subdivided into three different stages: production of written demands or statutes, destabilisation, escalation. Putting something into writing created a qualitative distinction to orality in a society that was predominantly communicating orally and in presence. Thus, the latter was still the mode of political communication, mainly by swearing an oath, that could settle these conflicts. Where this process failed, the conflict could erupt into open violence, which in turn could only be settled by outside intervention – as in the case of Frankfurt.
IV. Konrad Maurers Briefe in öffentlichen Sammlungen mit einer Probe seiner Briefe aus Christiania 1876
Authors: Fix Hans 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Konrad Maurer’s Letters in Public Library and Archive Collections. This paper accounts for both the hitherto little known depositories and the considerable amount of widely dispersed letters that came down to us written by Konrad Maurer, professor of law in Munich, between 1846 and 1900 to colleagues and friends in Germany, England, the Nordic Countries, and the United States of America. This account is supplemented by lists of letters both of Konrad Maurer’s wife Valérie on his behalf and of the relatively few letters to Konrad Maurer that have survived.
Anmerkungen zur Edition „De Saksenspiegel in Nederland, Eerste stuk – Oudere tekst“ von Barthold Jacob Lintelo Baron de Geer van Jutphaas
Authors: Holfeld Raphael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Notes on the edition ‘De Saksenspiegel in Nederland, Eerste stuk – Oudere tekst’ of Barthold Jacob Lintelo Baron de Geer van Jutphaas. The article sheds light on the Dutch Sachsenspiegel, which has hardly been noticed in research so far, and gives an overview of the manuscripts, their history and relationship. The only comparative edition from 1888 contains both textual and methodological errors in the first volume on the older text. This article concludes with a correction of the edition’s most significant deficiencies.
Long‐term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus: a 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kling Rosa , Ritvanen Jaakko , Mustonen Harri , Kämppi Leena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective. This study aimed to determine the mortality, causes of death and factors affecting the outcome of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) at 10 years.Method. This retrospective study consisted of 62 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with CSE at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) emergency department during 2002‐2003. Patients were followed for up to 10 years or up to the time of death. Data on patient demographics, CSE characteristics, treatment, complications, and outcome from the time of CSE were collected. The Official Statistics of Finland provided the information on mortality and causes of death. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results. In‐hospital mortality was 8.1%, and mortality was 25.8% at one year, 51.6% at five years and 64.5% at 10 years. Estimated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 5.3 and the deceased patients lost 20.9 potential years of life, on average. The leading causes of death were disorders of the brain or the circulatory system, epilepsy‐related conditions or intracranial tumours. The univariable survival analysis demonstrated that age ≥65 (HR=2.8, p=0.001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)>0 (CCI=1‐3: HR=3.0, p=0.009; CCI>3: HR=8.4, p<0.001), Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS)>4 (HR=5.3, p<0.001) and Epidemiology‐Based Mortality Score (EMSE‐EAC)>15 (HR=2.2, p=0.036) were risk factors and a Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) of 5 at discharge (HR=0.14, p=0.025) was a protective factor for survival. The multivariable analysis established STESS>4 (HR=5.0, p=0.002) and CCI>0 (CCI=1‐3: HR=2.9, p=0.015; CCI>3: HR=6.3, p=0.006) as independent risk factors and GOS>3 (time‐dependent) (GOS=4: HR=0.33, p=0.048; GOS=5: HR=0.13, p=0.019) as a protective factor for survival.Significance. The rate of long‐term mortality and number of potential years of life lost were high. Factors demonstrative of the overall situation of the patients, such as comorbidities, functional state after CSE and age, were significant predictors for long‐term outcome.
YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTESİNDE YATAN HASTALARIN ENDOTRAKEAL ASPİRAT ÖRNEKLERİNDEN İZOLE EDİLEN BAKTERİLERİN ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENÇ ORANLARI
Authors: AYVALIK Tuğba , SESLİ ÇETİN Emel , ŞİRİN Mümtaz Cem , ARIDOĞAN Buket , YAĞCI Server 
Published: August 2022

Amaç
Nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar hastanede yatan hastaların
önemli mortalite ve morbidite nedenleri arasında
yer almaktadır. Yoğun bakım ünite (YBÜ)’lerinde
görülen enfeksiyonlar nozokomiyal enfeksiyonların
%25’ini oluşturmakta, bunların içerisinde en sık solunum
sistemi enfeksiyonları bildirilmektedir. Bu enfeksiyonlardan
izole edilen etkenler ve antibiyotik direnç
durumları hastaneler arasında farklılıklar gösterebileceği
gibi aynı ünite içinde de zamanla değişiklikler
görülebilmektedir. Endotrakeal aspirat (ETA) kültürleri,
tüm dünyada solunum yolu örneklemesinde en
yaygın kullanılan mikrobiyolojik tanı yöntemi olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Süleyman Demirel
Üniversitesi YBÜ’sindeki hastaların ETA örneklerinden
izole edilen bakteriyel etkenler ve antibiyotik
direnç oranlarının retrospektif olarak araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Ocak 2018- Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında YBÜ’deki
hastaların ETA örneklerinden izole edilen bakteriyel
etkenler ve bu etkenlerin antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri
(ADT) hastane veri tabanından retrospektrif olarak
elde edildi. Duyarlılık sonuçları European Committee
on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) ve
gerektiğinde Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) önerileri doğrultusunda değerlendirildi. Aynı
hastaya ait tekrarlayan üremeler değerlendirme dışı
bırakıldı.
Bulgular
Değerlendirilen süre zarfında 1031 adet ETA örneğinden
413’ü (%90,2) gram negatif, 45’i (%9,8) gram
pozitif olmak üzere toplam 458 (%44,4) bakteri izole
edildi. Gram negatif bakterilerden en sık Acinetobacter
baumannii (%43,9), gram pozitif etkenlerden en
sık Staphylococcus aureus (%5,9) tespit edildi. İzole
edilen A. baumannii suşlarınının tüm yıllarda birçok
antibiyotiğe yüksek direnç gösterdiği tespit edilmiş
olup, en yüksek direnç %96,6 oranıyla karbapenem
grubuna karşı saptandı. Genişlemiş spektrumlu beta
laktamaz (GSBL) pozitifliği Escherichia coli suşlarında
%48,1; Klebsiella pneumoniae suşlarındaysa
%70,8 oranlarında tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda Metisiline
dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) %20,7,
metisiline dirençli Koagülaz negatif Stafilokok (KNS),
%76,9 oranında tespit edildi.
Sonuç
YBÜ’sinde yatan hastalarda gelişen enfeksiyonların
belirgin özelliği sıklıkla antibiyotiklere dirençli patojenlerin
etken olmasıdır. Enfeksiyona neden olan etkenin
tanımlanması, antibiyotik direnç profilinin belirlenmesi
antibiyotik seçimine yön verecek ve YBÜ’deki uygunsuz
antibiyotik kullanımının önüne geçilmesine ve direnç
oranlarını azaltmaya katkı sağlayacaktır.
Endothelial progenitor cells overexpressing Grb2-associated binder 1 for in vitro-constructed tissue-engineered heart valves
Authors: Zhang Liyu , Zuo Jianxin , Huang Siyang , Chang Qing 
Published: August 2022

Aim Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play important roles in heart valve replacement surgery. Up-regulation of Grb2‑associated binder 1 (Gab1) promotes hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) – induced endothelial progenitor cell proliferation and migration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of up-regulation of Gab1 in hepatocyte growth factor-induced EPCs in tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV).Material and methods Fresh porcine aortic valves were placed in 1 % Triton X-100 and trypsin buffer for decellularization. EPCs in the control group were cultured normally, whereas those in the experimental group were both HGF stimulated and transfected with adenovirus containing the Gab1 gene. Cells in the two groups were seeded onto the decellularized valve scaffolds and cultured for 3 or 7 days. TEHV were analyzed by HE and AB-PAS staining.Results By day 3, the experimental group had formed confluent endothelial monolayers on top of the decellularized valves, on the basis of by HE staining and AB-PAS staining. One week later, the control group showed a imperfect endothelial layer.Conclusion HGF-induced EPCs overexpressing Gab1 can endothelialize the decellularized matrix and create functional TEHV, which may then be preconditioned in a bioreactor before clinical implantation.
Biocontrole de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense por Pseudomonas spp. em banana “Prata anã”
Authors: Vieira Lara Cristine da Silva , Borges Cristine Vanz , Costa Shirley Nascimento , Gonçalves Zalmar Santana , Da Silva Pereira Bruno Laecio , Haddad Fernando 
Published: August 2022

A bananeira apresenta diversos problemas fitossanitários, tendo destaque a murcha de Fusarium causada pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). O uso de microrganismos como o Pseudomonas, tem sido uma alternativa para o biocontrole dos fitopatógenos. Com o objetivo de investigar a capacidade de controle da rizobactéria do gênero Pseudomonas em relação à atividade do fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), foi realizado dois experimentos em condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados (DIC) com três tratamentos, três controles e 10 repetições. Os tratamentos do primeiro experimento consistiram em aplicar Pseudomonas spp. no substrato, com adição de Foc com e sem intervalo de tempo. Após período de inoculação no substrato infestado por Foc e Pseudomonas, realizou-se o plantio das mudas de bananeira nos tubetes. No segundo experimento, o intervalo de aplicações foi o mesmo do experimento de pré-inoculação, porém o Fusarium foi inoculado primeiro, posteriormente a bactéria e em seguida foram transferidos para o substrato. A utilização de Pseudomonas em tratamentos diferentes, com intervalo de tempo não foi eficiente para o controle do Foc. Observou-se que o índice de doença foi menos severo no tratamento sem intervalo de tempo para inoculação de Fusarium e Pseudomonas, sendo o melhor tratamento para o biocontrole do Fusarium em plantas de banana da cultivar Prata Anã. A utilização de bactérias do gênero Pseudomonas spp. é uma alternativa economicamente viável para controle da Murcha de Fusarium.