bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Stratigraphy of Kuwait
Authors: Al-Helal Anwar , AlRefai Yaqoub , AlKandari Abdullah , Abdullah Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait targeting geosciences educators. The lithostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy of the reviewed formations (association of rocks whose components are paragenetically related to each other, both vertically and laterally) followed the formal stratigraphic nomenclature in Kuwait. The exposed stratigraphic formations of the Miocene–Pleistocene epochs represented by the Dibdibba, Lower Fars, and Ghar clastic sediments (Kuwait Group) were reviewed in the previous chapter as part of near-surface geology. In this chapter, the description of these formations is based mainly on their subsurface presence. The description of the subsurface stratigraphic formations in Kuwait followed published academic papers and technical reports related to Kuwait’s geology or analog (GCC countries, Iraq and Iran) either from the oil and gas industry or from different research institutions in Kuwait and abroad. It is also true that studies related to groundwater aquifer systems also contribute to our understanding of the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait for the shallower formations. The majority of the published data were covered the onshore section of Kuwait. The subsurface stratigraphic nomenclature description is based on thickness, depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, the nature of the sequence boundaries, biostratigraphy, and age. The sedimentary strata reflect the depositional environment in which the rocks were formed. Understanding the characteristics of the sedimentary rocks will help understand many geologic events in the past, such as sea-level fluctuation, global climatic changes, tectonic processes, geochemical cycles, and more, depending on the research question. The succession of changing lithological sequences is controlled by three main factors; sea-level change (eustatic sea level), sediment supply, and accommodation space controlled by regional and local tectonics influences. Several authors have developed theoretical methods, established conceptual models, and produced several paleofacies maps to interpret Kuwait’s stratigraphic sequence based on the data collected over time intervals from the Late Permian to Quaternary to reconstruct the depositional history of the Arabian Plate in general and of Kuwait to understand the characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs.
Sand Dunes in Kuwait, Morphometric and Chemical Characteristics
Authors: Al-Dousari A. M. , Al-Sahli M. , Al-Awadhi J. , Al-Enezi A. K. , Al-Dousari N. , Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are around 2,304 sand dunes scattered within seven dune fields in Kuwait. The longest barchanoid chain dune in Kuwait is 2400 m and 900 m. All the dunes in Kuwait were mapped, sampled, and analyzed. This chapter passes through dunes in Kuwait covering the following:The dunes mapping.The dune migrations using satellite images.The chemical properties includeMineralogical properties.X-ray diffraction (major and minor trace elements).Micro-inclusions within Aeolian particles.The physical properties includeThe particle size analysis.Statistical properties.Particle micro-features.BET surface area.Perimeter and diameter.This chapter covers all aspects regarding sand dunes in Kuwait; therefore, this chapter will be a key reference for future studies tackling aeolian landforms in Kuwait and regional areas.
Structures and Tectonics of Kuwait
Authors: Naqi Mohammad , Amer Aimen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the surface geology of Kuwait appears to be scarce and most of the country is covered with Quaternary deposits except for a few outcrops of Oligo-Miocene to Pleistocene age, the subsurface geology of Kuwait is quite unique and astonishing. The discovery of hydrocarbon in Kuwait at the beginning of the last century helped geologists to better understand the structural geology of Kuwait especially by utilizing geophysical methods such as potential field methods (e.g., gravity and magnetic) and seismic reflection. Being part of the Arabian Peninsula, the structural geology of Kuwait shares many of the Arabian Peninsula structural trends. The dominant N-S trending structures of the Arabian Plate are manifested in the Kuwait Arch which is one of the major structures of the country where many of the oil and gas oil fields are associated with. Other dominant structural trends of the Arabian Plate such as NE-SW and NW–SE are resembled in Kuwait as Jal Az-Zor and Dibdibah Trough, respectively. Paleo- and in-situ stress analysis is an important subject for oil and gas exploration, and many studies have been commissioned to better understand them in most of the Kuwaiti fields. The present-day in-situ stress in Kuwait is oriented NE-SW resembling the current tectonic setting of the region due to the collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasia Plate since the Oligocene. This chapter will present a thorough review of the previous studies discussing the surface and subsurface structural geology of Kuwait.
Petroleum Geology of Kuwait
Authors: Naqi Mohammad , Alsalem Ohood , Qabazard Suad , Abdullah Fowzia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKuwait has proven conventional oil reserves of about 100 billion barrels which makes it one of the major oil-producing countries worldwide. Most of this reserve is found in Cretaceous and Jurassic with minor quantities in the Paleogene sedimentary successions. Most hydrocarbon production comes from the siliciclastic Burgan Formation which is the most important reservoir in Kuwait. The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous exhibit good quality source rocks that charged most of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in Kuwait and entered the oil window in Late Cretaceous to Eocene. Most of the hydrocarbon is trapped in very gentle four-way closure structures that are related to the deep-seated fault system of the Arabian Peninsula such as Khurais-Burgan Anticline. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in Kuwait are sealed and capped mainly by shale rocks and to a less extent by evaporites. In the last 15 years, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) displayed interest in commercially exploiting unconventional hydrocarbon reserves and started laying significant emphasis on the exploration and development of unconventional resources. The aim of this work is to summarize the different petroleum systems of Kuwait including the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic systems.
Seismicity of Kuwait
Authors: Abd el-aal Abd el-aziz Khairy , Al-Jeri Farah , Al-Enezi Abdullah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with all the precious documented recently published and unpublished studies that address the seismic situation and earthquakes in the State of Kuwait. Kuwait is geographically and geologically situated in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. In addition to being close to the famous Zagros belt of earthquakes, the local seismic sources inside Kuwait make it always vulnerable to earthquakes. We will review the instrumental and historical seismic records and the Kuwait National Seismic Network, including Data acquisition, data analysis, and data analysis. This chapter will also highlight all the recent seismic studies conducted in the Kuwait region. The induced seismicity, the seismic sources affecting Kuwait, as well as determining the types of faults using focal mechanism technique, specifying the seismic crustal models and ground motion attenuation inside Kuwait are being reviewed.
Groundwater in Kuwait
Authors: Misak Raafat , Hussain Wafaa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fresh and brackish groundwater resources in the State of Kuwait are restricted to two main water-bearing formations (aquifers). These are the Dammam Formation and Kuwait Group. The Kuwait Group aquifer is generally unconfined, i.e., water table condition, whereas the Dammam fractured limestone Formation is a confined-semi confined aquifer. The quality of groundwater in Kuwait varies from brackish in the southwest to brine in the northeast of Kuwait. Fresh groundwater bodies of TDS less than 1000 mg/l occur on saline groundwater of TDS 100,000 mg/l in the north and the northeast, e.g. Raudhatain and Umm Al-Aish water fields. Generally, the water table varies from zero at the Arabian Gulf Coast to about 90 m below the surface in the southwest. Significant ongoing and future groundwater projects include monitoring groundwater level and water quality, establishing hydrological, geological and hydrochemical databases, reducing groundwater levels, long-term monitoring for groundwater quality e.g. Raudhtain and Um-Al Aish freshwater reservoirs and environment treatment of groundwater reservoirs. The current study discusses the following parts: groundwater quality, groundwater geology, aquifer systems, Al-Raudhatain freshwater field, groundwater misuse and consequences (case of Wafra Agricultural Area), and Monitoring water ponds and saline soils, Al Wafra Agricultural Area (2008–2011).
Natural language processing analysis applied to COVID-19 open-text opinions using a distilBERT model for sentiment categorization
Authors: Jojoa Mario , Eftekhar Parvin , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Garcia-Zapirain Begonya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 is a disease that affects the quality of life in all aspects. However, the government policy applied in 2020 impacted the lifestyle of the whole world. In this sense, the study of sentiments of people in different countries is a very important task to face future challenges related to lockdown caused by a virus. To contribute to this objective, we have proposed a natural language processing model with the aim to detect positive and negative feelings in open-text answers obtained from a survey in pandemic times. We have proposed a distilBERT transformer model to carry out this task. We have used three approaches to perform a comparison, obtaining for our best model the following average metrics: Accuracy: 0.823, Precision: 0.826, Recall: 0.793 and F1 Score: 0.803.
Highly cross-linked polyethylene versus conventional polyethylene in primary total knee arthroplasty: comparable clinical and radiological results at a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Giustra Fortunato , Bistolfi Alessandro , Bosco Francesco , Fresia Nicolò , Sabatini Luigi , Berchialla Paola , Sciannameo Veronica , Massè Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) was introduced in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce wear and consequent revisions for loosening due to conventional polyethylene (CPE) wear. This study aims to analyse whether HXLPE is as safe as CPE and could improve the TKA clinical and radiological results in a long-term follow-up.

Methods
This retrospective study included all consecutive starting series of 223 patients with severe primary knee osteoarthritis (OA), with a minimum follow-up of 10 years treated between July 1st, 2007, and July 31st, 2010. After excluding patients who did not respect the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 128 patients were included in the analysis of this study. The patients were then divided into two groups according to the type of polyethylene (PE) implanted: CPE or HXLPE liners. All patients were evaluated for clinical and radiological parameters, causes and revision rates related to the type of PE implanted.

Results
HXLPE appears to be as safe as CPE in TKA, reporting no higher revisions for osteolysis, prosthesis loosening, infection, and mechanical failure. Nevertheless, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the clinical and radiological outcomes evaluated.

Conclusions
Clinical, radiological results, and revision rates are similar between HXLPE and CPE in TKA after 10 years of follow-up, although HXLPE benefits remain controversial.

Level of evidence
III.
Conformal Field Theory from Lattice Fermions
Authors: Osborne Tobias J. , Stottmeister Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe provide a rigorous lattice approximation of conformal field theories given in terms of lattice fermions in 1+1-dimensions, focussing on free fermion models and Wess–Zumino–Witten models. To this end, we utilize a recently introduced operator-algebraic framework for Wilson–Kadanoff renormalization. In this setting, we prove the convergence of the approximation of the Virasoro generators by the Koo–Saleur formula. From this, we deduce the convergence of lattice approximations of conformal correlation functions to their continuum limit. In addition, we show how these results lead to explicit error estimates pertaining to the quantum simulation of conformal field theories.
Characterization of patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus and association to vulvar carcinoma: a retrospective single center analysis
Authors: Steinkasserer L. , Hachenberg J. , Hillemanns P. , Jentschke M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a benign, cutaneous, chronic inflammatory (autoimmunological) disease. The differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) accounts for a precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and is often associated with lichen sclerosus. Although the association between lichen sclerosus and vulvar carcinoma has long been recognized, there is a lack of evidence in literature.

Methods
This retrospective study examined pseudonymized data of 499 women diagnosed with vulvar pathology between 2008 and 2020 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Hannover Medical School (MHH). Data were further stratified for the time of onset, location of disease, accompanying disease, HPV status and progression of disease into vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC).

Results
In total, 56 patients were diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus. The mean onset of disease was at 60.3 years of age. After subdividing cases of diagnosed LS into those who did not develop vulvar carcinoma in their course and those who did, the ages at onset are 52.66 ± 17.35 and 68.41 ± 10.87, respectively. The incidence of vulvar cancer in women diagnosed with lichen sclerosus was 48.2%. Twenty-five patients reported a diagnosis of VIN in their self-reported history.

Conclusions
In our retrospective study, we showed a trend between vulvar lichen sclerosus and VSCC. The difference between the two age groups of patients diagnosed with lichen sclerosus who developed vulvar carcinoma and those who did not is statistically significant. Our results highlight the importance to diagnose lichen sclerosus early to ensure adequate follow-up and prevent progression to VSCC.
The impact of smoking on recurrence and progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Zapała Piotr , Zapała Łukasz , Radziszewski Piotr 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Although smoking is a well-recognized causative factor of urothelial bladder cancer and accounts for 50% of cases, less is known about the prognostic significance of smoking on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the risk of NMIBC recurrence and progression.

Materials and methods
We systematically searched Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases for original articles published before October 2021 regarding the effect of smoking on NMIBC recurrence and progression. Information about smoking status and the number of events or odds ratio or hazard ratio for event-free survival must have been reported to include the study in the analysis. Quality In Prognosis Studies tool was utilized for the risk of bias assessment.

Results
We selected 64 eligible studies, including 28 617 patients with NMIBC with available data on smoking status. In a meta-analysis of 28 studies with 7885 patients, we found that smokers (current/former) were at higher risk for recurrence (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.34–2.09; P < 0.0001) compared to never smokers. Subgroup analysis of 2967 patients revealed that current smokers were at a 1.24 higher risk of recurrence (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.02–1.50; P = 0.03) compared to former smokers. A meta-analysis of the hazard ratio revealed that smokers are at higher risk of recurrence (HR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.15–1.48; P < 0.0001) and progression (HR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.08–1.29; P < 0.001) compared to never smokers. Detrimental prognostic effect of smoking on progression, but not for recurrence risk was also noted in the subgroup analysis of high-risk patients (HR = 1.30; 95%CI 1.09–1.55; P = 0.004) and BCG-treated ones (HR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.06–1.25; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
In conclusion, patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and a history of smoking have a worse prognosis regarding recurrence-free and progression-free survival compared to non-smokers.
Re-centering labour in local food: local washing and the growing reliance on permanently temporary migrant farmworkers in Nova Scotia
Authors: Fitting Elizabeth , Bryan Catherine , Foster Karen , Ellsworth Jason W. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the labour behind local food in the Canadian Atlantic province of Nova Scotia. Based on surveys and interviews with farmers, migrant farmworkers, and farmers’ market consumers in the province, we suggest that the celebration of local food by government and industry is a form of “local washing.” Local washing hides key aspects of the social relations of production: in this case, it hides insufficient financial and policy supports for Nova Scotian farms and the increased reliance on migrant farmworkers via the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. Our research found that a growing reliance on migrant farmworkers was not just the case for larger, industrial farms, but also for smaller farms participating in local and alternative food initiatives, like farmers’ markets and fresh produce subscription boxes. Additionally, our surveys show that while farmers’ market shoppers expressed an interest in supporting local foods, they reported knowing little about farm workers or working conditions. Our paper contributes to the literature on local and alternative food initiatives by connecting the relations of production to consumption. Rather than focusing solely on the nature of the relationships between farmers and consumers and the values embodied in direct agricultural markets, this research explores the central role of permanently temporary migrant workers in local agriculture.
Return of individual genomic research results within the PRAEGNANT multicenter registry study
Authors: Huebner Hanna , Ruebner Matthias , Kurbacher Christian , Hadji Peyman , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Lux Michael P. , Huober Jens , Uhrig Sabrina , Taran Florin-Andrei , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Häberle Lothar , Lüftner Diana , Wallwiener Markus , Müller Volkmar , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hein Alexander , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Fehm Tanja N. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ettl Johannes , Fasching Peter A. , Michel Laura L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The PRAEGNANT study is a registry study for metastatic breast cancer patients, focusing on biomarker detection. Recently, within this study, genetic alterations in 37 breast cancer predisposition genes were analyzed and genetic findings were detected for 396 participants. The aim of this project was to return genetic results to the physicians and to analyze actions taken (e.g., disclosure of results to patients, validation of results, clinical impact, and impact on the patient’s quality of life) using a questionnaire.

Methods
235 questionnaires were sent out to the study centers, with each questionnaire representing one patient with a genetic finding. The questionnaire consisted of twelve questions in the German language, referring to the disclosure of results, validation of test results, and their impact on treatment decisions and on the patient’s quality of life.

Results
135 (57.5%) questionnaires were completed. Of these, 46 (34.1%) stated that results were returned to the patients. In 80.0% (N = 36) of cases where results were returned, the patient had not been aware of the finding previously. For 27 patients (64.3%), genetic findings had not been validated beforehand. All validation procedures (N = 15) were covered by the patients’ health insurance. For 11 (25.0%) patients, physicians reported that the research results influenced current or future decision-making on treatment, and for 37.8% (N = 17) the results influenced whether family members will be genetically tested.

Conclusion
This study provides novel insights into the return of research results and into clinical and personal benefits of disclosure of genetic findings within a German registry.
Computer programming in primary schools: Swedish Technology Teachers’ pedagogical strategies
Authors: Bjursten Eva-Lena , Nilsson Tor , Gumaelius Lena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a recognized need for research on how to teach computer programming in primary schools in Sweden grades 4–6 (10–12-year-old pupils). Studies of teaching show the importance of teachers’ knowledge of content and pedagogy and how these two parts affect each other (i.e. pedagogical content knowledge [PCK]). Most teachers in Sweden have little or no formal education in computer programming, the revised Swedish curriculum requires them to teach it. The aim of this study is to explore the pedagogical strategies teachers use when they teach computer programming. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants, comprising 12 teachers and 2 teacher trainers. The data were analysed deductively with themes from previous research. The results show that teachers use eight pedagogical strategies, including three new strategies that have been constructed inductively: do-it-yourself, gamification and progression. These eight pedagogical strategies are mostly general, and teachers may be considered regressed experts, as they lack formal training in computer programming. They facilitate learning in a general sense, but, compared to other subjects, their PCK in computer programming is problematized. In-service teacher training is needed to increase content knowledge, thus enabling to develop PCK in computer programming. It would also be fruitful to deepen our knowledge regarding pedagogical strategies in the PCK domain of computer programming.