bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kecakapan Menerima Hak Dan Melakukan Perbuatan Hukum Dalam Tinjauan Ushul Fiqh
Authors: Mafaid Ahmad Mafaid 
Published: October 2022

Abstrak
Kecakapan hukum merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam segala bidang hukum, karena setiap perbuatan hukum memerlukan kecakapan hukum. Jika seseorang yang belum cakap hukum melakukan suatu perbuatan hukum, maka perbuatannya tersebut belum dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan dapat dibatalkan. Sehingga kecakapan hukum ini adalah suatu dasar penentuan seseorang dapat menerima hak dan atau melakukan perbuatan hukum atau tidak.
Dalam kajian ushul fiqh seseorang memiliki kriteria-kriteria kecakapan hukum tertentu, baik dalam hal menerima hak maupun dalam hal melakukan perbuatan hukum. Misalnya seperti usia dewasa atau usia mukallaf. Dalam ushul fiqh, mukallaf tidak ditentukan oleh batas usianya namun dilihat dari munculnya tanda-tanda fisik yang menunjukkan kedewasaan seperti haid bagi perempuan dan mimpi basah bagi laki-laki.
Selain itu terdapat pengecualian atau faktor-faktor yang menghalangi seseorang untuk memiliki kecakapan hukum. Misalnya bagi orang yang telah memenuhi usia dewasa namun akalnya memiliki gangguan seperti gila atau idiot, maka ia tidak memiliki kecakapan untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum.
Kata Kunci : Kecakapan, Perbuatan Hukum, Uhṣul Fiqh
Abstract
Legal prowess is highly important in all fields of law because every legal action requires legal skills. A legal action undertaken by a person without legal prowess cannot be accounted for and therefore can be nullified. Thus, this legal prowess is a basic premise for someone to exercise his rights and undertake a legal action.
In the study of uhṣul fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), a person must possess certain criteria of legal prowess, both in terms of receiving his or her rights and in carrying out legal actions. For example, someone must be a mukallaf, that is of mature age and sound mind. However, in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, a mukallaf’s maturity is not determined by his or her age, but rather by the emergence of certain physical indications that confirms someone’s maturity such as menstruation for women and wet dreams for men.
Furthermore, there are exceptions or factors that prevent someone from having legal skills. For example, people who are of mature age but suffer from such disorders such as mental illness or intellectual disability are not considered to have the necessary qualification to undertake a legal action.
Keywords : Prowess, Legal Action, Uhṣul Fiqh
HUKUM WADH’I DALAM SINKRONISASINYA DENGAN HUKUM TAKLIF
Authors: Mahmudah Nurul , Muhammad Syakir Alkautsar  , Fatmawati Murni , Neralis Khelvin 
Published: October 2022

Hukum wadh’i merupakan Ilmu yang mendefinisikan hukum Islam yaitu usul fikih.Fokus penelitian ini(1)Bagaimana pengertian Hukum Wadh’i (2)Sebutkan macam-macamnya (3)Apa perbedaan Hukum Wadh’i dengan Hukum Taklifi (4)Bagaimana keterkaitannya dengan Hukum Taklifi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Hukum wadh’i adalah perintah Allah yang berkaitan dengan penetapan sesuatu sebagai sebab, syarat, atau penghalang bagi yang lain. (2) Macam-macam Hukum wadh’i ada tiga, yaitu sebab, syarat, dan mani’. Sementara itu, menurut sebagian ulama ada yang berpendapat bahwa hukum wadh’i tidak hanya mengandung tiga macam sebagaimana yang dijelaskan diatas, tetapi juga termasuk dalam hukum wadh’i ialah Azimah dan rukhsah, sah dan batal. (3) jika Hukum at-taklif merupakan tuntutan langsung pada mukkallaf untuk dilaksanakan, ditinggalkan, atau melakukan pilihan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat.Maka hukum al-wadh’i ditujukan kepada manusia mana saja, baik telah mukallaf, maupun belum, seperti anak kecil dan orang gila. (4) Kaitan hukum Taklifi dengan hukum Wadh’i, Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas kita dapat memahami bahwa, pembagian hukum Syariah menjadi dua hukum di atas, maka sangat memungkinkan ada suatu perbuatan yang secara taklifi hukumnya haram, namun secara wadh’i hukumnya sah. Sebab haram dan sah adalah dua “jenis” hukum yang berbeda dan pada hakikatnya tidak terkait satu sama lain.
ARAH BARU METODE PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nasution Martua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Islamic law has a theological dimension that is different from the terminology of modern jurisprudence. The sacred value in Islamic law makes people feel afraid to make a revolution against the existing fiqh rules. Whereas in certain circumstances, Islamic law can change according to the demands of the benefit, such as the appearance of the imam of the fiqh school as strong evidence that Islamic law will always undergo renewal in accordance with the demands of the times and the social conditions of its adherents. This study will examine the reform of Islamic law today and as a result of this study concludes that Islamic law can basically be accepted by every community to become a role model that reflects progress and harmony with human life which has an impact on the benefit of both the Islamic world and the western world.
Keywords: Renewal, Thought, Islamic Law
Abstrak
Hukum Islam memiliki dimensi teologis yang berbeda dengan terminologi ilmu hukum modern. Nilai kesakralan dalam hukum islam membuat orang merasa takut untuk melakukan revolusi terhadap aturan-aturan fiqh yang ada. Padahal dalam keadaan tertentu, hukum islam bisa berubah sesuai tuntutan kemaslahatan layaknya kemunculan imam mazhab fikih sebagai bukti kuat bahwa hukum islam akan selalu mengalami pembeharuan yang berkesesuaian dengan tuntutan zaman dan keadaan sosial pemeluknya. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji pembeharuan hukum islam masa kini dan sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum islam pada dasarnya dapat diterima oleh setiap komunitas masyarakat untuk menjadi role model yang mencerminkan kemajuan dan keselarasan dengan kehidupan manusia yang berdampak pada kemaslahatan baik didunia islam maupun didunia barat.
Kata kunci: Pembaharuan, Pemikiran, Hukum Islam
EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN REVITALISASI PASAR TRADISIONAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL DI PASAR PETIR KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Laili Neli Nur , Riswanda Riswanda , Yulianti Rina 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAK
Revitalisasi Pasar Tradisional Petir merupakan program yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Serang melalui Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah dan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar pasar. Namun dalam penerapannnya, di pasar tersebut masih ada beberapa masalah pada sisi fasilitas prasarana penunjang dan minimnya sosialisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Januari hingga Juni tahun 2021 dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan data diperoleh melalui purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program revitalisasi Pasar Petir belum optimal terbukti dengan: belum terpeliharanya ketertiban pasar Petir, tidak semua fasilitas yang tersedia seperti kios/los diisi oleh pedagang, sumber daya aparatur dan tenaga pengelola pasar yang masih kurang, semberdaya prasarana penunjang tidak terpelihara dengan baik, minimnya sosialisasi dan penegakan mekanisme pemanfaatan fasilitas pasar kepada pedagang. Sebagai saran dari hasil penelitian adalah perlu adanya peningkatan evaluasi dan monitoring secara rutin oleh pejabat terkait dalam rangka mengetahui dan memantau aktivitas pasar baik dari segi fisik, manajemen, ekonomi dan sosial budaya, serta perlunya penambahan staf pengelola Pasar Petir Serang.
Kata Kunci : Ekonomi lokal, kebijakan revitalisasi, pasar tradisional
EVALUASI PENERAPAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL (SPM) PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH DI PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Subki Subki , Sjafari Agus , Arenawati Arenawati 
Published: October 2022

Penerapan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) pendidikan menengah menjadi fokus Pemerintah Provinsi Banten sebagai upaya implementasi penyelenggaraan urusan wajib pelayanan dasar. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi penerapan SPM Pendidikan Menengah yang dilakukan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Banten dengan pendekatan teori evaluasi kebijakan publik CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan saran masukan bagi Pemerintah Provinsi Banten dalam Penerapan SPM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penerapan SPM Pendidikan Menengah di Provinsi Banten belum optimal. Pada dimensi Context menunjukan Pemerintah Provinsi Banten telah mengintegrasikan muatan ke dalam dokumen RPJMD Provinsi Banten Tahun 2017-2022, diperlukan strategi untuk mendorong dan memberikan fasilitasi kepada satuan pendidikan dalam peningkatan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) dan upaya strategis percepatan sertifikasi pendidik dan pemetaan dan penambahan guru agar rasio guru dan siswa pada jenjang SMA dan SMK di Provinsi Banten. Pada dimensi Input, aspek sumber daya manuasia dan alokasi anggaran sudah cukup memadai, namun perlu dibentuk tim SPM Pendidikan Menengah tingkat Dinas untuk peningkatan pemahaman dan percepatan pemenuhan SPM pendidikan menengah. Pada dimensi Process, capaian indikator kinerja persentase guru SMA dan SMK bersertifikat pada Program Peningkatan Mutu Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan di bawah 50 persen dengan katagori sangat rendah, yang dihadapkan pada permasalahan terbatasnya kuota peserta program Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) dari Pemerintah Pusat. Pada Product, cakupan pemenuhan SPM Pendidikan Menengah di Provinsi Banten belum semuanya terpenuhi.
Kata kunci: Evaluasi, Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM), pendidikan menengah, kebijakan publik.
Lluís Meseguer, Juan Luis Porcar, Adolf Piquer & Javier Vellón (eds.), «Cultura i exili. Estudis d’Història i Literatura. 1939-2019», Castelló de la Plana, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, 2021, 597 p.
Authors: Iruela López J. Miquel 
Published: October 2022

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Lluís Meseguer, Juan Luis Porcar, Adolf Piquer & Javier Vellón (eds.), Cultura i exili. Estudis d’Història i Literatura. 1939-2019, Castelló de la Plana, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, 2021, 597 p., ISBN 978-84-18432-58-3.
Nudging
Authors: Viale Riccardo 
Published: October 2022

How “nudges” by government can empower citizens without manipulating their preferences or exploiting their biases.
We're all familiar with the idea of “nudging”—using behavioral mechanisms to encourage people to make certain choices—popularized by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein in their bestselling 2008 book Nudge. This approach, also known as “libertarian paternalism,” goes beyond typical programs that simply provide information and incentives; nudges can range from automatic enrollment in a pension plan to flu-shot scheduling. In Nudging, Riccardo Viale explores the evolution of nudging and proposes new approaches that would empower citizens without manipulating them paternalistically. He shows that we can use the tools of the behavioral sciences without abandoning the principle of conscious decision-making.
Viale discusses the work of Herbert Simon, Gerd Gigerenzer, Daniel Kahneman, and Amos Tversky that laid the foundation of behavioral economics, describes how policy makers have sought to help people avoid bad decisions, offers examples of effective nudging, and considers how to nudge the nudgers. How can we tell good nudges from bad nudges? Viale explains that good nudges help us avoid bias and encourage deliberate decision making; bad nudges, on the other hand, use bias to nudge people unconsciously into unintentional behaviors. Bad nudges attempt to compel decisions based on economic rationality. Good nudges encourage decisions based on a pragmatic, adaptive, ecological kind of rationality. Policy makers should take note.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals functionally specialized vascular endothelium in brain
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Woo , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Arf Hendrik , Song Jian , Park Hongryeol , Kruse Kai , Sorokin Lydia , Adams Ralf H 
Published: October 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the entry of leukocytes and potentially harmful substances from the circulation into the central nervous system (CNS). While BBB defects are a hallmark of many neurological disorders, the cellular heterogeneity at the neurovascular interface, and the mechanisms governing neuroinflammation are not fully understood.Through single-cell RNA sequencing of non-neuronal cell populations of the murine cerebral cortex during development, adulthood, ageing, and neuroinflammation, we identify reactive endothelial venules, a compartment of specialized postcapillary endothelial cells that are characterized by consistent expression of cell adhesion molecules, preferential leukocyte transmigration, association with perivascular macrophage populations, and endothelial activation initiating CNS immune responses. Our results provide novel insights into the heterogeneity of the cerebral vasculature and a useful resource for the molecular alterations associated with neuroinflammation and ageing.
Association Between Buprenorphine Treatment Gaps, Opioid Overdose, and Health Care Spending in US Medicare Beneficiaries With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Gibbons Jason B. , McCullough Jeffrey S. , Zivin Kara , Brown Zach Y. , Norton Edward C. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceNonadherence to buprenorphine may increase patient risk of opioid overdose and increase health care spending. Quantifying the impacts of nonadherence can help inform clinician practice and policy.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between buprenorphine treatment gaps, opioid overdose, and health care spending.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal case-control study compared patient opioid overdose and health care spending in buprenorphine-treated months with treatment gap months. Individuals who were US Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries diagnosed with opioid use disorder who received at least 1 two-week period of continuous buprenorphine treatment between 2010 and 2017 were included. Analysis took place between January 2010 and December 2017.InterventionsA gap in buprenorphine treatment in a month lasting more than 15 consecutive days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOpioid overdose and total, medical, and drug spending (combined patient out-of-pocket and Medicare spending).ResultsOf 34 505 Medicare beneficiaries (17 927 [520%] male; 16 578 [48.1%] female; mean [SD] age, 49.5 [12.7] years; 168 [0.5%] Asian; 2949 [8.5%] Black; 2089 [6.0%] Hispanic; 266 [0.8%] Native American; 28 525 [82.7%] White; 508 [1.5%] other race), 11 524 beneficiaries (33.4%) experienced 1 or more buprenorphine treatment gaps. Treatment gap beneficiaries, compared with nontreatment gap beneficiaries, were more likely to be younger, be male, have a disability, and be Medicaid dual-eligible while less likely to be White, close to a buprenorphine prescriber, and treated with buprenorphine monotherapy (ie, buprenorphine hydrochloride). Beneficiaries were 2.89 (95% CI, 2.20-3.79) times more likely to experience an opioid overdose during buprenorphine treatment gap months compared with treated months. During treatment gap months, spending was $196.41 (95% CI, $110.53-$282.30) more than in treated months. Patients who continued to take buprenorphine dosages of greater than 8 mg/d and 16 mg/d were 2.61 and 2.84 times more likely to overdose in a treatment gap month, respectively, while patients taking buprenorphine dosages of 8 mg/d or less were 3.62 times more likely to overdose in a treatment gap month (maintenance of &amp;gt;16 mg/d: hazard ratio (HR), 2.64 [95% CI, 1.80-3.87]; maintenance of &amp;gt;8 mg/d: HR, 2.84 [95% CI, 2.13-3.78]; maintenance of ≤8 mg/d: HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.54-8.50]). Buprenorphine monotherapy was associated with greater risk of overdose and higher spending during treatment gaps months than buprenorphine/naloxone.Conclusions and RelevanceMedicare patients treated with buprenorphine between 2010 and 2017 had a lower associated opioid overdose risk and spending during treatment months than treatment gap months.
Analysis of the payments from the coronavirus food assistance program and the market facilitation program to minority producers
Authors: Giri Anil K. , Subedi Dipak , Kassel Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the payments made to minority producers, focused on African American producers, from the COVID‐19 program, Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP), of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and compares it with one of the other more recent ad hoc program payments, the Market Facilitation Program (MFP). There were two rounds of the CFAP, and combinedly (as of March 2022), the program made direct payments of $31.0 billion ($11.8 billion from CFAP 1 and $19.2 billion from CFAP 2) starting in 2020. The MFP made a total payment of $23.5 billion (in two rounds, MFP 2018 and MFP 2019) to producers affected by the retaliatory tariffs placed on US producers by trade partners across multiple years. CFAP made almost $600 million in direct payments to minority producers, including Black or African American producers. Black or African American only producers received more than $52 million in CFAP payments. CFAP payments were proportional to the value of agricultural commodity sold for most minority producers. The 2017 Census of Agriculture showed that the majority of minority producers, including African American producers but excluding Asian producers, raised livestock. CFAP made the highest payments to livestock minority producers. The CFAP payment distribution pattern shows that payments reached minority producers who often did not receive Government payments. CFAP made more payments and as a share of total program outlays to minority producers compared to MFP. However, for Black or African American only producers, even though the magnitude increased (because CFAP disbursed more funds compared to MFP), the share of payment received did not increase.
Clinical and genomic delineation of the new proximal 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome
Authors: Jouret Guillaume , Egloff Matthieu , Landais Emilie , Tassy Olivier , Giuliano Fabienne , Karmous‐Benailly Houda , Coutton Charles , Satre Véronique , Devillard Françoise , Dieterich Klaus , Vieville Gaëlle , Kuentz Paul , le Caignec Cédric , Beneteau Claire , Isidor Bertrand , Nizon Mathilde , Callier Patrick , Marquet Valentine , Bieth Eric , Lévy Jonathan , Tabet Anne‐Claude , Lyonnet Stanislas , Baujat Geneviève , Rio Marlène , Cartault François , Scheidecker Sophie , Gouronc Aurélie , Schalk Audrey , Jacquin Clémence , Spodenkiewicz Marta , Angélini Chloé , Pennamen Perrine , Rooryck Caroline , Doco‐Fenzy Martine , Poirsier Céline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA small but growing body of scientific literature is emerging about clinical findings in patients with 19p13.3 microdeletion or duplication. Recently, a proximal 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome was described, associated with growth delay, microcephaly, psychomotor delay and dysmorphic features. The aim of our study was to better characterize the syndrome associated with duplications in the proximal 19p13.3 region (prox 19p13.3 dup), and to propose a comprehensive analysis of the underlying genomic mechanism. We report the largest cohort of patients with prox 19p13.3 dup through a collaborative study. We collected 24 new patients with terminal or interstitial 19p13.3 duplication characterized by array‐based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). We performed mapping, phenotype–genotype correlations analysis, critical region delineation and explored three‐dimensional chromatin interactions by analyzing Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). We define a new 377 kb critical region (CR 1) in chr19: 3,116,922–3,494,377, GRCh37, different from the previously described critical region (CR 2). The new 377 kb CR 1 includes a TAD boundary and two enhancers whose common target is PIAS4. We hypothesize that duplications of CR 1 are responsible for tridimensional structural abnormalities by TAD disruption and misregulation of genes essentials for the control of head circumference during development, by breaking down the interactions between enhancers and the corresponding targeted gene.
A Causal Classification System for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subtypes
Authors: Raposo Nicolas , Zanon Zotin Maria Clara , Seiffge David J. , Li Qi , Goeldlin Martina B. , Charidimou Andreas , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Jäger Hans Rolf , Cordonnier Charlotte , Klijn Catharina JM , Smith Eric E. , Greenberg Steven M. , Werring David J. , Viswanathan Anand 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveDetermining the underlying causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is of major importance, because risk factors, prognosis, and management differ by ICH subtype. We developed a new causal CLASsification system for ICH Subtypes, termed CLAS‐ICH, based on recent advances in neuroimaging.MethodsCLAS‐ICH defines 5 ICH subtypes: arteriolosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, mixed small vessel disease (SVD), other rare forms of SVD (genetic SVD and others), and secondary causes (macrovascular causes, tumor, and other rare causes). Every patient is scored in each category according to the level of diagnostic evidence: (1) well‐defined ICH subtype; (2) possible underlying disease; and (0) no evidence of the disease. We evaluated CLAS‐ICH in a derivation cohort of 113 patients with ICH from Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA, and in a derivation cohort of 203 patients from Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, a well‐defined ICH subtype could be identified in 74 (65.5%) patients, including 24 (21.2%) with arteriolosclerosis, 23 (20.4%) with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 18 (15.9%) with mixed SVD, and 9 (8.0%) with a secondary cause. One or more possible causes were identified in 42 (37.2%) patients. Interobserver agreement was excellent for each category (kappa value ranging from 0.86 to 1.00). Despite substantial differences in imaging modalities, we obtained similar results in the validation cohort.InterpretationCLAS‐ICH is a simple and reliable classification system for ICH subtyping, that captures overlap between causes and the level of diagnostic evidence. CLAS‐ICH may guide clinicians to identify ICH causes, and improve ICH classification in multicenter studies. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:16–28
Highly Stable Orange‐Red Long‐Persistent Luminescent CsCdCl3:Mn2+ Perovskite Crystal
Authors: He Shuangshuang , Qiang Qinping , Lang Tianchun , Cai Mingsheng , Han Tao , You Houjiang , Peng Lingling , Cao Shixiu , Liu Bitao , Jing Xiaolong , Jia Bi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHalide perovskite has been widely studied as a new generation of photoelectronic materials. However, their thermal and humidity‐induced emission quenching have greatly limited their utility and reliability. Here, we report a hexagonal Mn2+‐doped CsCdCl3 perovskite crystal that possesses stable photoluminescence (PL) at both high temperature and humidity. The room temperature long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) of the single crystals lasts up to 1480 s and can be adjusted by changing the concentration of Mn2+ ion doping. The characteristic emission of d‐d transition of Mn2+ is realized, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is up to 91.4 %, it can maintain more than 90 % of the initial PL spectral integral area at 150 °C (423 K). High humid stability PL can be achieved more than 75 % of the initial PL intensity after 55 days of immersion in water. These excellent properties show the application prospect of the LPL material in lighting indication and anti‐counterfeiting.