bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers – Mexico, March–December 2021
Authors: Richardson Vesta L. , Camacho Franco Martín Alejandro , Márquez Aurora Bautista , Valdez Libny Martínez , Castro Ceronio Luis Enrique , Cruz Vicente Cruz , Gharpure Radhika , Lafond Kathryn E. , Yau Tat S. , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Hernández Ávila Mauricio 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundBeginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE).MethodsWe evaluated CanSino VE within a childcare worker cohort that included 1,408 childcare facilities. Participants were followed during March–December 2021 and tested through SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or rapid antigen test if they developed any symptom compatible with COVID-19. Vaccination status was obtained through worker registries. VE was calculated as 100% × (1−hazard ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated vs. unvaccinated participants), using an Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age, sex, state, and local viral circulation.ResultsThe cohort included 43,925 persons who were mostly (96%) female with a median age of 32 years; 37,646 (86%) were vaccinated with CanSino. During March–December 2021, 2,250 (5%) participants had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 6 died. Adjusted VE was 20% (95% CI = 10–29%) against illness, 76% (42–90%) against hospitalization, and 94% (66–99%) against death. VE against illness declined from 48% (95% CI = 33–61) after 14–60 days following full vaccination to 20% (95% CI = 9–31) after 61–120 days.ConclusionsCanSino vaccine was effective at preventing COVID-19 illness and highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. It will be useful to further evaluate duration of protection and assess the value of booster doses to prevent COVID-19 and severe outcomes.SummaryWe evaluated CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during March–December 2021 using a childcare worker cohort that included 43,925 participants across Mexico. Vaccination decreased the risk of COVID-19 illness by 20%, hospitalization by 76%, and death by 94%.
Global shark species richness is more constrained by energy than evolutionary history
Authors: Sheahan Emmaline R. , Naylor Gavin J.P. , McGlinn Daniel J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the support of two ecological diversity theories- The Ecological Limits Hypothesis (ELH) and the Niche Conservatism Hypothesis (NCH) - in explaining patterns of global shark diversity.LocationGlobal scale and two ecological realms: the Tropical Atlantic and the Central Indo-Pacific.Time PeriodPast 100 yearsMajor Taxa StudiedWe examined 534 species of sharks and chimaeras, and we performed two subclade analyses on 272 species of ground sharks and 15 species of mackerel sharks.MethodsWe compared the species richness, mean root distance (MRD), and tree imbalance patterns to those simulated under the ELH and NCH with temperate and tropical centers of origin. We used sea temperature as a proxy for energy availability. We examined the importance of biogeographic history by comparing the model fits between two taxonomic groups, ground and mackerel sharks, and two geographic regions, the Tropical Atlantic realm and Central Indo-Pacific realm.ResultsThe ELH, temperate-origin model had the best fit to the global dataset and the sub-analyses on ground sharks, mackerel sharks, and the Tropical Atlantic. The NCH temperate-origin model provided the best fit for the Central Indo-Pacific. The β metric of tree symmetry showed the best potential for differentiating between the ELH and NCH models, and the correlation coefficient for temperature vs MRD performed the best at differentiating between temperate and tropical origin of ancestors.Main ConclusionsThe global and subclade analyses indicate the ELH provides the best explanation for global scale shark diversity gradients even in clades with varying ecology. However, at the realm scale, biogeographic history has an impact on richness patterns. Comparing multiple metrics in relation to a simulation model provides a more rigorous comparison of these models than simple regression fits.
Consequences of forgoing prescription drug subsidies among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes
Authors: Glynn Alexandra , Hernandez Inmaculada , Roberts Eric T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective is to estimate the take‐up of the Medicare Part D Low‐Income Subsidy (LIS) among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and examine differences in out‐of‐pocket costs and prescription drug use between LIS enrollees and LIS‐eligible non‐enrollees. The LIS reduces out‐of‐pocket drug costs for low‐income beneficiaries; however, not all LIS‐eligible individuals are enrolled. Take‐up of the LIS, and consequences of forgoing this benefit among beneficiaries with diabetes, remains unknown.Data SourcesHealth and Retirement Study linked to Medicare administrative data from 2008 to 2016.Study DesignWe conducted two analyses among beneficiaries with diabetes. First, we estimated LIS take‐up stratified by income (≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level [FPL] and >100% to ≤150% of FPL). Second, to assess the consequences of forgoing the LIS among near‐poor beneficiaries (incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL), we conducted propensity score‐weighted regression analyses to compare out‐of‐pocket costs, the prescription drug use, and cost‐related medication non‐adherence among LIS enrollees and LIS‐eligible non‐enrollees.Data Collection/Data ExtractionN/A.Principal FindingsAmong Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, 68.1% of those with incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL received the LIS, while 90.3% with incomes ≤100% of FPL received the LIS. Among near‐poor beneficiaries, LIS‐eligible non‐enrollees incurred higher annual out‐of‐pocket drug spending ($518; 95 [in USD]% CI: $370 [in USD], $667 [in USD]; p < 0.001), filled 7.3 fewer prescriptions for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia drugs (95% CI: −11.1, −3.5; p < 0.001), and were 8.9 percentage points more likely to report skipping drugs due to cost (95% CI: 0.3, 18.0; p = 0.04), all compared to LIS enrollees.ConclusionsDespite providing substantial financial assistance with prescription drug costs, the LIS is under‐utilized among beneficiaries with chronic conditions requiring routine medication use. As policy makers discuss Part D reforms to address rising out‐of‐pocket drug costs, they should consider strategies to increase participation in existing programs that alleviate cost burdens among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries.
Portable Raman spectroscopy applied to the study of drugs of abuse
Authors: Santos Layla P. , Nascimento Marcia H. C. , Barros Iago H. A. S. , Santos Nayara A. , Lacerda Valdemar , Filgueiras Paulo R. , Romão Wanderson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of drugs of abuse has grown significantly in recent decades. In forensic chemistry, methods of identifying and characterizing illicit drugs contribute to the interests of researchers, experts, and public security authorities. Among existing methods, portable Raman spectroscopy is notable for performing rapid, non‐destructive, and highly selective analysis in the laboratory or on‐site. When the resulting spectral data are paired with chemometric tools, methods of exploratory analysis and multivariate calibration can be developed. Thus, this work describes the application of Raman spectroscopy associated with principal component analysis (PCA) and interval principal component analysis (iPCA) to assessing trends in samples of cocaine (n = 40), crack (n = 33), and their main adulterants (n = 5) and diluents (n = 5), tablets of ecstasy (n = 14), designer drugs papers (n = 27), and alcoholic solutions adulterated with benzodiazepines (alprazolam and diazepam). In addition, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression (CARSPLS) was used to quantify adulterants (benzocaine, lidocaine, and procaine) in binary mixtures with crack (n = 21) and solutions of cachaça adulterated with bromazepam (n = 11).
Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Jiamei , Jin Xuting , Ren Jiajia , Li Ruohan , Du Linyun , Gao Ya , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Xiu , Wang Xiaochuang , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimGallbladder and biliary diseases (GBDs) are one of the most prevalent medical issues in the digestive system. This study was designed to describe the characteristics of prevalence, death, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBDs during 1990–2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.MethodsPrevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod‐MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. Countries and territories were categorized according to socio‐demographic index (SDI) quintiles.ResultsThe prevalence cases (127 345 732 to 193 493 378), death cases (82 430 to 124 941), and DALYs (4 604 821 to 6 352 738) of GBDs increased from 1990 to 2019. However, the age‐standardized rates of indicators decreased over the 30‐year period (prevalence, 2851.84 to 2350.78 per 100 000 population; death, 2.40 to 1.65 per 100 000 population; DALYs, 106.76 to 78.25 per 100 000 population). In 2019, the high and middle–high SDI regions had higher age‐standardized prevalence rates, the low SDI region had the highest age‐standardized death rate, and the middle SDI region had the highest DALYs and age‐standardized DALYs rate of GBDs. Being female, older age, and high body mass index were important risk factors for the burden of GBDs.ConclusionsGlobally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30 years. However, the prevention of GBDs should be promoted in middle, middle–high, and high SDI regions, while more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region.
Characterization of the correlated background for a sterile neutrino search using the first dataset of the JSNS$$^2$$ experiment
Authors: Hino Y. , Ajimura S. , Cheoun M. K. , Choi J. H. , Dodo T. , Furuta H. , Goh J. , Haga K. , Harada M. , Hasegawa S. , Hiraiwa T. , Hwang W. , Jang H. I. , Jang J. S. , Jeon H. , Jeon S. , Joo K. K. , Jordan J. R. , Jung D. E. , Kang S. K. , Kasugai Y. , Kawasaki T. , Kim E. J. , Kim J. Y. , Kim S. B. , Kim W. , Kinoshita H. , Konno T. , Lee C. Y. , Lee D. H. , Lee S. , Lim I. T. , Little C. , Marzec E. , Maruyama T. , Masuda S. , Meigo S. , Monjushiro S. , Moon D. H. , Nakano T. , Niiyama M. , Nishikawa K. , Nomachi M. , Pac M. Y. , Park J. S. , Park R. G. , Peeters S. J. M. , Ray H. , Rott C. , Sakai K. , Sakamoto S. , Shima T. , Shin C. D. , Spitz J. , Suekane F. , Sugaya Y. , Suzuya K. , Taira M. , Ujiie R. , Yamaguchi Y. , Yeh M. , Yeo I. S. , Yoo C. , Yu I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJSNS$$^2$$

2

(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu } \rightarrow {\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$

ν

¯

μ

→

ν

¯

e

appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the $${\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$

ν

¯

e

signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS$$^2$$

2

experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
Parenchyma-sparing strategy and oncological prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Burlaka A. A. , Makhmudov D. E. , Lisnyi I. I. , Paliichuk A. V. , Zvirych V. V. , Lukashenko A. V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Preliminary study results demonstrated parenchyma-sparing surgery (PSS) as an effective approach which allowed to remove colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic lesions within the central liver cites and increased the probability of the liver re-resections.

Methods
The prospective analysis re-evaluation of the 185 CRC patients surgical treatment has been performed.

Results
An overall 5-year survival (OS) of the 185 enrolled patients was 43 ± 7%, and the mean and median value for OS was 48.7 ± 1.9% and 55.2 ± 5 (95% CI: 44.4–66.1) months. The 5-year OS for CRC patients whose metastatic lesions were predominantly located within peripheral and central liver segments was 56 ± 8% and 27 ± 9%, respectively (p = 0.08). A 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients with peripheral and central liver cites metastatic lesions were 31 ± 7 % and 15 ± 7%, p = 0,12. And the DFS median was 34.2 and 46.5 months for R1v and R0 cohorts, respectively, p = 0.62.

Conclusions
Parenchyma-sparing surgery should be a priority pathway for complex treatment of patients with deeply located lesions of the right liver lobe.

Trial registration
The study is registered in https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/registrationdetails/5ed9f60863e9bf0016624456/, no. 5679.
Comprehensive validation of a wearable foot sensor system for estimating spatiotemporal gait parameters by simultaneous three-dimensional optical motion analysis
Authors: Homan Kentaro , Yamamoto Keizo , Kadoya Ken , Ishida Naoki , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Use of a wearable gait analysis system (WGAS) is becoming common when conducting gait analysis studies due to its versatility. At the same time, its versatility raises a concern about its accuracy, because its calculations rely on assumptions embedded in its algorithms. The purpose of the present study was to validate twenty spatiotemporal gait parameters calculated by the WGAS by comparison with simultaneous measurements taken with an optical motion capture system (OMCS).

Methods
Ten young healthy volunteers wore two inertial sensors of the commercially available WGAS, Physilog®, on their feet and 23 markers for the OMCS on the lower part of the body. The participants performed at least three sets of 10-m walk tests at their self-paced speed in the laboratory equipped with 12 high-speed digital cameras with embedded force plates. To measure repeatability, all participants returned for a second day of testing within two weeks.

Results
Twenty gait parameters calculated by the WGAS had a significant correlation with the ones determined by the OMCS. Bland and Altman analysis showed that the between-device agreement for twenty gait parameters was within clinically acceptable limits. The validity of the gait parameters generated by the WGAS was found to be excellent except for two parameters, swing width and maximal heel clearance. The repeatability of the WGAS was excellent when measured between sessions.

Conclusion
The present study showed that spatiotemporal gait parameters estimated by the WGAS were reasonably accurate and repeatable in healthy young adults, providing a scientific basis for applying this system to clinical studies.
The development of a guide to borderline orthodontic need
Authors: Sampson Ariane , Jeremiah Huw G. , Lai Nicholas N. , Kirschen Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To produce a guide for dentists and orthodontists to determine orthodontic treatment need in borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3) and to compare views of different panels of judges on treatment need.

Materials and methods
Prospective, observational study. Photographs of one hundred subjects displaying borderline occlusal traits (DHC3) were collected. Three panels of judges consisting of 25 orthodontists, 25 dentists and 25 lay persons assessed photographs based on orthodontic treatment need on aesthetic grounds.

Results
Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed no statistical difference between the panels of judges (p < 0.001). The judges identified a ‘high need’ for treatment on aesthetic grounds for those with anterior open bites and reverse overjets. Kappa analysis showed moderate intra-rater agreement for the orthodontic and dental panels of judges (k = 0.47 and 0.45, respectively) and fair agreement (k = 0.26) for the lay panel, highlighting the intrinsic difficulty of assessing borderline malocclusions.

Conclusion
There was no statistical difference in the way the orthodontic, dental and lay panels of judges perceived treatment need for DHC 3 cases. Anterior open bites and reverse overjets were predominantly found to be in high need of treatment by all panels of judges. A ‘Guide to Borderline Orthodontic Need’ (GBON) is proposed consisting of 8 photographs of subjects with borderline occlusal traits (DHC3) determined unambiguously by lay, dental and orthodontic panels as either ‘needing’ or ‘not needing’ orthodontic treatment on aesthetic grounds. It is anticipated that this will assist users to make judgments on aesthetic grounds on the need for treatment in borderline cases.
Artificial intelligence applications in Latin American higher education: a systematic review
Authors: Salas-Pilco Sdenka Zobeida , Yang Yuqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been great research interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, such as medicine, finance, and law. Recently, there has been a research focus on the application of AI in education, where it has great potential. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature on AI in education is therefore necessary. This article considers its usage and applications in Latin American higher education institutions. After identifying the studies dedicated to educational innovations brought about by the application of AI techniques, this review examines AI applications in three educational processes: learning, teaching, and administration. Each study is analyzed for the AI techniques used, such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, the AI tools and algorithms that are applied, and the main education topic. The results reveal that the main AI applications in education are: predictive modelling, intelligent analytics, assistive technology, automatic content analysis, and image analytics. It is further demonstrated that AI applications help to address important education issues (e.g., detecting students at risk of dropping out) and thereby contribute to ensuring quality education. Finally, the article presents the lessons learned from the review concerning the application of AI technologies in higher education in the Latin American context.
Synergistic effect of entomopathogens against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions
Authors: Thakur Neelam , Tomar Preety , Sharma Sakshi , Kaur Simranjeet , Sharma Sushma , Yadav Ajar Nath , Hesham Abd El-Latif 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Entomopathogens such as nematodes, bacteria and fungi are well recognized for their biocontrol potential. This study was carried out to examine the insecticidal properties of the Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo-Crivelli, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner,
individually and in combination against 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions at Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh.

Results
The results demonstrated that the combined applications of the tested entomopathogens resulted in 100% insect mortality under the laboratory conditions. Among the individual concentrations, applications of 200 IJs/ml were noticed highly virulent with (98%) mortality, followed by B. thuringiensis (96%) and then by B. bassiana (92%). However, single treatments were also evaluated that further showed a highest mortality in the target pest by H. bacteriophora, followed by B. thuringiensis. Among the combined treatments by H. bacteriophora plus B. thuringiensis (200 IJs + 1 × 1012 CFU/cm2) more effective caused (100%) mortality were noticed in the laboratory and (28%) under the greenhouse conditions than H. bacteriophora plus B. bassiana (200 IJs + 1 × 1010 conidia/cm2) that caused (100%) mortality and (34%) damage under both,
laboratory and greenhouse conditions.

Conclusion
Laboratory bioassay and greenhouse evaluation tests demonstrated that the combined sprayed treatments showed reliable and fast synergism. This study could be recommended to the farmers to control the pest.
Fatal pulmonary Scedosporium aurantiacum infection in a patient after near-drowning: A case report
Authors: Ghasemian Roya , Bandegani Azadeh , Kermani Firoozeh , Faeli Leila , Roohi Behrad , YousefiAbdolmaleki Elham , T. Hedayati Mohammad , Roilides Emmanuel , Shokohi Tahereh 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Scedosporium spp. is a saprophytic fungus that may cause invasive pulmonary infection due to the aspiration of contaminated water in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent hosts.
Case report: Herein, we report a fatal case of pulmonary infection caused by Scedosporium species associated with a car crash and near-drowning in a sewage canal.Scedosporium aurantiacum isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage was identified by PCR-sequencing of β-tubulin genes. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole were >16 µg/ml, and >8 µg/ml for anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Voriconazole was found to be the most active agent with a MIC of 1 µg/ml.
Conclusion: This report, as the first case of pulmonary scedosporiosis after near-drowning in Iran, highlights the importance of high suspicion in near-drowning victims, prompt identification of Scedosporium spp., and early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy.
Gendered Departmental Analysis: a Case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Civil Secretariat, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Shabana , Iqbal Javed , Javed Adnan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan formulated Women Empowerment Policy-2017. The goal of WEP-2017 was to empower women in all spheres of life with a particular focus on social, cultural, political-economic, legal, and personal life. This study conducted a gendered departmental analysis focusing on workplace analysis, human resource capacity analysis, and training need assessment. Data from 332 officials representing 13 civil secretariat departments were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
Methodology: A proportionate sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.
Findings: All the departments scored ‘very low’ or ‘low’ on the HR capacity analysis and previously received training experience. However, the demand for training was either ‘High’ or ‘Moderate’ in all departments.
Implications: Fully paid maternity leaves, flexible working hours, and functional harassment committees were the highlights of workplace analysis whereas pick and drop facilities, separate prayer rooms, and female-only spaces were the areas that require attention