bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Diversity and Venture Growth: The Contingent Effects of Early Planning and Experimentation
Authors: Tryba Anne , Patzelt Holger , Breugst Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing on an information processing perspective, we explore to what extent early venture activities allow founding teams to leverage their diverse knowledge to achieve venture growth. Using data from 103 young ventures, we find that early planning enables founding teams to better exploit the diverse knowledge resulting from their heterogeneity in educational background. However, venture growth is highest when diverse teams simultaneously plan and experiment in the early venture phase. This study challenges extant explanations of when early behaviours shape the efficient usage of existing venture resources. We discuss the contribution of these findings to the literature on founding teams, planning and experimentation, and team diversity.
How Global was Medieval Prussia? An Analysis of the Barlaam and Josaphat Manuscript of the Teutonic Knights at the Turn of the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Leighton Gregory 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe history of the southern Baltic region (Prussia) from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries has only received increased attention from ‘Western’ scholars in the last three decades. It has remained peripheral within traditional ‘Western’ scholarship on the premodern world. As a result, we are still left with a wide variety of questions, especially concerning the place of this area in the broader medieval world. This article addresses two of these questions: to what extent did medieval contemporaries in Prussia know about their broader world, and the peoples within it? How were people from these regions, such as the Indian Subcontinent or Africa, depicted, understood and communicated? One answer lay in the literature produced by the knights in the Teutonic Order. In the context of the plethora of studies on race and globality in the premodern world, the Baltic region has of yet received minimal attention. However, an investigation into the rich sources available reveals the presence in the region of the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, a Christian version of the life of the Buddha and the first example of ‘global literature’ associated with the Middle Ages. By analysing the surviving examples in the region, this article will place the region of Prussia within the new concept of the Global Middle Ages and reveal the perception of the southern realms of the world in one of medieval Europe's furthest cultural outposts.
Postharvest processing of tree nuts: Current status and future prospects—A comprehensive review
Authors: Chen Chang , Pan Zhongli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTree nuts are important economic crops and are consumed as healthy snacks worldwide. In recent years, the increasing needs for more efficient and effective postharvest processing technologies have been driven by the growing production, higher quality standards, stricter food safety requirements, development of new harvesting methods, and demand to achieve energy saving and carbon neutralization. Among all, the technologies related to drying, disinfection, and disinfestation and downstream processes, such as blanching, kernel peeling, and roasting, are the most important processes influencing the quality and safety of the products. These processes make up the largest contribution to the energy consumptions and environmental impacts stemming from tree nut production. Although many studies have been conducted to improve the processing efficiency and sustainability, and preserve the product quality and safety, information from these studies is fragmented and a centralized review highlighting the important technology advancements of postharvest processing of tree nuts would benefit the industry. In this comprehensive review, almonds, walnuts, and pistachios are selected as the representative crops of tree nuts. Current statuses, recent advances, and ongoing challenges in the scientific research as well as in the industrial processing practices of these tree nuts are summarized. Some new perspectives and applications of tree nut processing waste and by‐products (such as the hulls and shells) are also discussed. In addition, future trends and research needs are highlighted. The material presented here will help both stakeholders and scientists to better understand postharvest tree nut processing and provide technological recommendations to improve the efficiency and sustainability, product quality and safety, and competitiveness of the industry.
Spontaneous pneumo‐mediastinum ‐ A benign rarity?
Authors: Wong Kevin Ka‐fai , Leung Jane Wan‐chi , Ho Harriette Hiu‐ching , Poon Terence Tai‐lun , Mak Josephine Yan‐wah , Choi Wing‐kee , Leung Siu‐kee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous pneumo‐mediastinum (SPM) is defined as the spontaneous occurrence of free gas in the mediastinum. Although SPM is rare, this is a unique differential cause for pneumo‐mediastinum. It bears a benign clinical course with good clinical outcome, unlike others potentially life threatening causes of pneumo‐mediastinum, such as oesophageal perforation and necrotizing mediastinitis.Methods and ResultsA retrospective study about SPM was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, HKSAR. SPM cases were retrieved through hospital's electronic records from 7/2000 to 6/2020. Patients' demographic data, clinical presentation, management and outcomes were reviewed. One hundred five SPM patients were retrieved with mean age 21.3 (0–68). More than 85% (91 cases) of them were younger age group (younger than the age of 30). Eighty‐seven cases (82.9%) were male while 18 cases (17.1%) were female. The top 3 presentation symptoms were: chest pain (69 cases, 65.7%), neck pain (43 cases, 41%) and sore throat (42 cases, 40%). Physical examination revealed surgical emphysema in 63 patients (60%). 61 (58.1%) patients enjoyed good past health and without any potential predisposing factors. Common precipitating factors included: vigorous cough (28 cases, 26.7%), vigorous exercise (16 cases, 15.2%), sneezing (15 cases, 14.3%) and vomiting/retching (14 cases, 13.3%).CXR showed pneumo‐mediastinum in 98 cases (93.3%). Additional investigations, such as CT neck/thorax/abdomen with contrast (63 cases, 60%) and oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy (OGD) (29 cases, 27.6%), were performed to rule out other differential diagnosis in suspicious cases.All the SPM patients were treated conservatively (e.g. bed rest, analgesics, antibiotics, oxygen supplement). None of them required operative treatment with recurrence rate 0%. Average length of hospital stay was 4.1 days (1–35 days). Two out of 105 cases (1.9%) resulted in hospital mortality due to other underlying medical illnesses.ConclusionSPM is an uncommon disease, mainly affecting the younger age group. Although SPM carries a benign and good clinical outcome, it is essential to exclude other potential life threatening conditions with similar presentations.
Initial experience of ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation of benign symptomatic thyroid nodules: Safety and short‐term efficacy
Authors: Ho Tsit‐Lai , Tai Dora K. C. , Chick Wai‐Keung , Chiang Betsy J. , Kwok Philip C. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo report the safety and short‐term efficacy of the use of ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for benign symptomatic thyroid nodules.MethodsThe treatment outcomes of patients who were treated with RFA for benign symptomatic thyroid nodules from December 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Nodule volumes were assessed before treatment, and at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment for comparison. Complications were reported.ResultsA total of 18 patients were treated. The volume reduction rate at 1, 6 and 12 months were 39.6% ± 23.4%, 60.02% ± 18.40% and 70.18% ± 22.68%, respectively. The rate of treatment success was 33.3%, 72.2% and 81.8%, respectively. Statistically significant reductions were noted in volume at all three time points (all with P < .05). Three complications were reported, including Horner syndrome, thyroiditis and pseudocyst formation after ablation. All of them were managed conservatively and symptoms resolved subsequently.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided RFA is a safe modality for treating benign symptomatic thyroid nodules with satisfactory short‐term efficacy.
Goldilocks and the three “Ts”: Targeting, testing, and tracking for “just right” democratic policing
Authors: Sherman Lawrence W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryPolice are often criticized for doing “too much” or “too little” policing in various situations. These criticisms amount to testable hypotheses about whether “less” force, or intensity, or enforcement would have been enough, or whether “more” was needed. The rise of evidence‐based policing provides a starting point for public dialogues about those hypotheses, in ways that could help to build police legitimacy. Such dialogues can be focused on the questions posed by the three “Ts”: (1) Is police action targeted in a way that is proportionate to the harm that it can prevent? (2) Has the action been tested and found effective with the kinds of targets, and their levels of harm, where it is being used? (3) Is police action tracked to ensure it is delivered in the way that has been tested, and in compliance with relevant legal requirements? In this lecture, I frame the issue as follows: Can more widespread use of better research evidence on targeting, testing, and tracking police actions, shared more clearly among the public and police, help reduce the wide range of oscillation between over‐policing and under‐policing?Policy ImplicationsThe use of these questions in public dialogue would be especially relevant to the three biggest threats to police legitimacy in the aftermath of George Floyd's murder: (A) police killing people, (B) police stopping people, and (C) police under‐patrolling high‐crime hot spots (while over‐patrolling low‐crime areas). One result of applying the three‐Ts questions to these threats, for example, could be the end of the vast overuse of stop and search in low‐violence areas. At the same time, this approach could also lead to reductions in homicide by increasing stops in highest violence hot spots. Such changes could demonstrate how the “Goldilocks principle” for the three Ts could get policing closer to “just right” for each place and person being policed.
Perspectives of fluorescence spectroscopy for online monitoring in microalgae industry
Authors: Sá Marta , Ferrer‐Ledo Narcis , Gao Fengzheng , Bertinetto Carlo G. , Jansen Jeroen , Crespo João G. , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria , Galinha Claudia F. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMicroalgae industrial production is viewed as a solution for alternative production of nutraceuticals, cosmetics, biofertilizers, and biopolymers. Throughout the years, several technological advances have been implemented, increasing the competitiveness of microalgae industry. However, online monitoring and real‐time process control of a microalgae production factory still require further development. In this mini‐review, non‐destructive tools for online monitoring of cellular agriculture applications are described. Still, the focus is on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor several parameters (cell concentration, pigments, and lipids) in the microalgae industry. The development presented makes it the most promising solution for monitoring up‐and downstream processes, different biological parameters simultaneously, and different microalgae species. The improvements needed for industrial application of this technology are also discussed.
Circ_0001955 plays a carcinogenic role in breast cancer via positively regulating GLUT1 via decoying miR‐1299
Authors: Cheng Hong , Kuang Sijie , Tan Lingzhen , Sun Shengrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is widespread in females. The role of circular RNA (circRNA) in breast cancer has aroused much attention. However, the function of several circRNAs remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the role of circ_0001955 in breast cancer.MethodsQuantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blot was employed for expression analysis of circ_0001955, miR‐1299 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Cell functions including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, were assessed using EdU, flow cytometry, transwell and tube formation assays. Glycolysis metabolism was assessed according to glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP content. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were utilized to validate the binding between miR‐1299 and circ_0001955 or GLUT1. The effects of circ_0001955 in vivo were observed by animal study.ResultsUpregulation of circ_0001955 was detected in breast cancer. Knockdown of circ_0001955 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and glycolysis. MiR‐1299 was a target of circ_0001955, and its repression reversed the effects of circ_0001955 knockdown. Moreover, circ_0001955 targeted miR‐1299 to positively regulate GLUT1 expression. GLUT1 overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐1299 enrichment. GLUT1 knockdown was verified to block tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsCirc_0001955 was found to promote breast cancer malignant development via targeting of the miR‐1299/GLUT1 pathway, which contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Prodiplosis hirsuta Kolesik sp. nov., a new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) feeding on shoot tips of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in South America
Authors: Kolesik Peter , Kumaran Nagalingam , Oleiro Marina , Goñalons Carolina Mengoni , Brookes Dean , Cabrera Walsh Guillermo , Dhileepan Kunjithapatham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA gall midge, Prodiplosis hirsuta Kolesik sp. nov., is described whose larvae feed on shoot tips of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Jatropha clavuligera in Paraguay and Bolivia. Morphology and the mitochondrial COI gene sequence of the new species are given. Field survey and preliminary no‐choice host specificity tests showed that the host plant range of P. hirsuta is confined to J. gossypiifolia and J. clavuligera. The apparent host specificity and the damage potential make P. hirsuta a prospective candidate for biological control of J. gossypiifolia in Australia.
Effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Sokolowska Milena , Rovati G Enrico , Diamant Zuzana , Untersmayr Eva , Schwarze Jürgen , Lukasik Zuzanna , Sava Florentina , Angelina Alba , Palomares Oscar , Akdis Cezmi A. , O'Mahony Liam , Jesenak Milos , Pfaar Oliver , Torres María José , Sanak Marek , Dahlén Sven‐Erik , Woszczek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
“Our Turks make the best German cars”: Racism as a Tool to Break Workers’ Power in the 1973 Ford Strikes
Authors: Kleinheisterkamp González Nicole 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA wave of wildcat strikes spread throughout the industrial region of North Rhine Westphalia in 1973. Drawing on a critique of Cedric Robinson’s concept of European racialism, Karen Fields and Barbara Fields’ work on racism as an ideology, and a Gramscian understanding of hegemonic ideologies from above, I analyse untranslated reports of the failed migrant‐led wildcat strike at the Ford Köln/Niehl plant. An important reason for the unsuccessful strike was the consent building of racial stereotypes against Turkish workers by the press and Ford management. I develop the term “racism from above” to denote the explicit use of racist stereotypes against migrant guest workers to undermine the strike and German‐Turkish solidarity. The reproduction of racism at the workplace demonstrates how consent‐building with racialised (and gendered) capitalist relations of production serves the owning class. Understanding how racism is reproduced in certain spaces will help better counteract attempts to split solidarity from above.
The respiratory consequences of COVID‐19 lasted for a median of 4 months in a cohort of children aged 2–18 years of age
Authors: Doležalová Karolína , Tuková Jana , Pohunek Petr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimWe focused on the clinical picture, severity and prognosis of children who experienced long‐term respiratory issues after COVID‐19.MethodsThis was a national Czech multicentre study of paediatric post‐COVID syndrome, which used a standard protocol to evaluate structural and functional anomalies and exclude alternative diagnoses. From 6 January to 30 June 2021, 11 paediatric pulmonologists enrolled all paediatric referrals aged 2–18 years with persistent respiratory symptoms more than 12 weeks after COVID‐19, namely cough, dyspnoea and chest pain. Medical histories were taken, and physical examinations, lung function testing, chest X‐ray and blood tests were performed.ResultsThe dominant symptoms in the 39 children (56.4% girls) were exertional dyspnoea (76.9%) and a chronic cough (48.7%), while dyspnoea at rest (30.8%) and chest pain (17.9%) were less prevalent. More than half (53.8%) reported more than 1 symptom, and 38.5% had abnormal results for 1 of the following tests: lung function, chest X‐ray or D‐dimers. The median age of the children was 13.5 years (interquartile range ±4.8 years), and the median recovery time was 4 months (range 1.5–8 months).ConclusionOur initial data suggest that the long‐term respiratory impact of COVID‐19 was relatively mild in our cohort, with a favourable prognosis.
Piloting online training in the Pacific‐Ophelia project for child and adolescent mental health
Authors: Chang Odille , Ryan Brigid , Liebetrau Elaine , Robertson Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn June 2020, St Vincent's Mental Health, Fiji National University, and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry collaborated to deliver online, specialized child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) training to Pacific‐based healthcare workers. This accompanying research aimed to understand the telehealth model and structures that would sustain an engaged community of practice and support the development of professional networks across the Pacific.MethodQuantitative and qualitative feedback was analyzed to understand participation and self‐rated measures of skills, knowledge, and confidence in providing health care for children and young people, as well as experiences of training, including access, engagement, and applicability of the initiative to the Pacific Islands health care organizations.ResultsOphelia Training was able to meet the stated learning objectives. The data from all stakeholders identifies the value of a telehealth initiative incorporating training, technical assistance, knowledge networks, and professional coaching as a capacity building approach.ConclusionThis program offers an integration of research and practice. This regional approach to understanding telehealth capacity for Pacific Island mental health services is valuable for informing decision‐making with respect to clinical care, management, workforce training and policy. It also provided an opportunity to improve health inequalities, by improving access to CAMH training via telehealth.
Prostatitis and prostatic abscessation in dogs: retrospective study of 82 cases
Authors: Lea C , Walker D , Blazquez CA , Zaghloul O , Tappin S , Kelly D 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo describe clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments and outcomes of prostatitis and prostatic abscesses of dogs in a referral population.AnimalsEighty‐two dogs diagnosed with prostatitis and/or prostatic abscesses from three referral hospitals.ProceduresRetrospective case series.ResultsA total of 82 dogs were included, and the median age was nine years. Acute prostatitis was diagnosed in 63% of cases, chronic prostatitis in 37% of cases and 40% of cases had prostatic abscessation. Prostatomegaly was the most common ultrasonographic finding. Mineralisation was identified in 20% of cases. The results of urine and prostatic bacterial culture were concordant in only 50% of cases. Antimicrobial resistance was encountered commonly, with 29% of cultures resistant to one antimicrobial and 52% resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Abscesses were treated with either antimicrobials alone, ultrasound‐guided needle drainage or surgical drainage.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWith antimicrobial treatment and castration, the prognosis for canine prostatitis appears good. Prostatic abscessation is commonly encountered and does not appear to infer a worse prognosis and antimicrobials alone, ultrasound‐guided needle drainage and surgical drainage all appear to be reasonable treatment options. Antimicrobial resistance is commonly encountered, and the results of urine culture and susceptibility testing are frequently discordant with those from samples from the prostate. Sampling of the prostate is required to confirm a diagnosis and exclude other pathologies such as neoplasia, particularly as mineralisation is seen in a reasonable number of cases of dogs with prostatitis.