bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant leaf images computerized segmenation
Authors: Altukhov V G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper the comparison of RGB, HSV and CIELab color spaces is considered in view of diseased leaf images segmentation by color thresholding method. In such tasks HSV and CIELab outperform RGB. Thresholding method based upon HSV or CIELab color spaces can be applied to measuring leaves total area, diseased and healthy surfaces area, as well as dataset composing in machine learning.
Effect of new cover crops and sowing dates on growth, development and yield of awnlessbromegrass in Western Siberia
Authors: Bakshaev D Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research carried out in the northern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia on leached chernozem showed that of all the studied dates of sowing bromegrass under the cover of spring crops, the maximum yield was obtained when sowing from 10 to 20 July under the cover of a mixture of oats with rapeseed or winter rye - 8.5 and 7.1 t/ha of dry weight respectively. This is achieved by controlling the weeds before sowing when cultivating the field and creating optimal conditions for the development of forage crops, which affects the safety of young bromegrass plants after wintering 84-97%. The use of Sudan grass as a cover crop when sown between 15 and 25 May results in up to 49% loss of bromegrass from the grass stand, but due to the early harvest of the cover crop, bromegrass has time to accumulate enough spare nutrients for successful overwintering. The average annual yield of dry mass is 5.0 t / ha. Sowing bromegrass from 10 to 20 June under cover mixtures of bromegrass with rapeseed or millet with rapeseed suppresses both the cover crops and the weeds, which have the most favorable growth conditions at this time. After harvesting, bromegrass forms a grass stand with a dry matter yield of 5.8 t/ha.
Development of a portable impedance meter for diagnostics of biological objects plant origin
Authors: Elkin O V , Morozov V B , Richter V A , Mineev V V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article proposes a technical solution for a multi-frequency meter of electrical impedance parameters based on a precision impedance converter AD5933 from analog devices. The technical solution can be used in the development of portable devices for the diagnosis of biological objects.
Adaptive resource capacity management agricultural landscapes of Siberia for efficient cultivation grain crops
Authors: Utenkov G L , Ivanov O A , Ivanova T E , Vlasenko A N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the grain production of Siberia, not everything is provided safely. With a yield potential of 30 - 35 million tons, the actual grain production is 13 - 14 million tons. Cultivation of grain crops is energy intensive, extensive and ecologically unbalanced. The management of the productivity of agrocenoses is carried out by agricultural technologies. This management problem has not been solved even in modern precision farming systems. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation by managing the resource potential based on agricultural technologies that take into account spatio-temporal changes in properties and the state of agricultural landscapes in Siberia. Research methods. Structural analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling of mechanical and technological solutions and the integral indicator of agriculture. Main research results. Intensification is the main way to increase the efficiency of grain production, an analytical expression is proposed for the integral criterion of agriculture - the really possible value of their yield. For the management of agricultural technologies, a 4-level hierarchical concept with mechanical and technological temporary control actions is proposed: the upper level is strategic management. Developed adaptive-mobile field crop rotations, providing 2.72–3.09 MJ growth of the energy coefficient. For the arid regions of Siberia, the Research Institute of Applied Sciences of Khakasia proposed a surface irrigation technology. Provides an increase in labor productivity by 3-5 times, reduces the cost of 1 ton of hay by 3-4 times with an average yield of 5 t / ha; the second level is the management of a separate growing season; a furrow-band sowing was proposed, providing a 20 - 35% increase in yield; the third level is technological control in real time. An automatic flexible technological complex for the main tillage is proposed, which improves the quality of tillage and increases labor productivity by 15 - 20%; the fourth is the level of technological impact on the basis of scientific principles, taking into account the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the treatment object. Conclusions: 1) In the conditions of Siberia with its spatio-temporal changes in the properties and conditions of the soil cover, precise (digital) management of the resource potential of agricultural landscapes is required. 2) To increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation, four mechanical and technological levels of control have been proposed.
Analytical hierarchy process (ahp) application in the selection of plant types on the community’s agroforestry land
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Marpaung R M E , Batubara R , Rauf Z 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis research was conducted to develop a participatory in selecting the types of plants that are of interest to the community in agroforestry land. This study aimed to determine the plants types by the community in agroforestry land using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This research was conducted from March to July 2019 in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Sibiru-biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. Interviews and discussions with key respondents were conducted to obtain data and information related to the criteria and alternatives to be compiled in the AHP questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire was processed using the Expert Choice Software. The highest value obtained is the criteria for community knowledge about plants with a value of 0.237, followed by resistance to pests and diseases (0.223), characteristics and land quality (0.194) and community welfare (0.193). While the lowest weight value is found in the criteria for community needs with a value of 0.153. The most preferred types of plants to be planted on agroforestry land are rubber with a weight value of 0.233, followed by sengon (0.199), avocado (0.165), durian (0.164), teak (0.133) and mango (0.105). By conducting this research, they can help the decision-maker in terms of activities related to improving the community’s economy, especially planting superior species.
Identification and disease severity of dieback disease on sengon seedlings in Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor
Authors: Firmansyah M A , Arsalan B A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSengon is one of the forestry plant commodities favoured by the community. So that the provision of healthy seedlings in the nursery is significant to achieve successful planting. However, sengon is very susceptible to several diseases. One of the diseases is dieback in the nursery. This study aims to calculate the incidence and severity of shoot death in sengon seedlings in Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor and identify the types of pathogens that cause dieback in sengon seedlings. Methods of data collection were carried out using the census and scoring methods. In addition, the identification process was carried out under a light microscope with a magnification of 40×10. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis. The percentage of disease incidence and dieback severity in sengon seedlings were 10.809% and 73.764%, where the severity of the disease is declared as severe. Based on the identification results, the fungus Rhizoctonia sp. is suspect as the cause of dieback in sengon seedlings.
Incidence Attacks of Coffee (Coffee arabica L.) Pest on Agroforestry System in Liquica Regency, Timor Leste
Authors: Marques A , Haneda N F , Hartoyo A P P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coffee is the main tropical commodity traded in the world with its contribution is half of the total tropical commodity exports. Pest attacks on coffee (Coffee arabica) cause a decrease in productivity. The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the incidence attacks of coffee (C. arabica) pests, 2) to identify components and dominant species in agroforestry systems in Liquica Regency, Timor Leste. The method used was purposive sampling around 45 plots. The results showed that the incidence attacks of coffee pests were dominated by Hypoteneus hampei in coffee fruit (7,8%) and Zeuzera coffeae as a stem borer (0,13%). Coffee was planted in the agroforestry patterns with some species, such as sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), avocado (Persea americana), vanili (Vanilla planifolia), cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), pepper (Piper nigrum), mango (Mangifera indica), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), orange (Citrus sp.), porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) and banana (Musa spp.). Important value index showed the dominant species at seedling and sapling levels was C. arabica, while at pole and tree levels was P. falcataria. The most dominant shade tree on coffee was P. falcataria. Incidence attacks of coffee (C. arabica) were affected by components in agroforestry systems.
Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings
Authors: Nurjaman K M , Wulandari A S , Istikorini Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the growth process, plants require nutrients and have a symbiotic relationship with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and eco enzymes on the growth of Gmelina Seedlings. The endophytic fungi which were used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. Endophytic fungi inoculation into Gmelina Seedlings was carried out by watering fungal suspension onto the planting medium. The same method was carried out for the application of eco enzyme. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling’s height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without eco enzymes could generate longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that Gmelina Seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
Entomopathogenic fungi as biological agents in forest plant pest control: A systematic review
Authors: Alfina T , Haneda N F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi have seen application in pest control due to being more friendly to the environment compared to synthetic insecticides. This research aims to determine the potentials of entomopathogenic fungi by identifying research reports regarding the effectiveness of fungi as biological agents for controlling pest insect attacks on forest plants. This research used a systematic review to enable extended analysis. The systematic review was performed on secondary data obtained from 51 scientific articles concerning tests of entomopathogenic fungi on forest plants pest insects. The research publications originated from multiple continents and a surge in the number of publications took place in 2020. Curculionids were the most frequently found pest insects with 14 species encountered. The most frequently found and tested stadium of insects on the field was the adult stage used in 39 researches. The most dominant fungi used in the researches were ascomycetes with 31 species, ten species among them originating from the Cordycipitaceae family. The most used application methods were direct spraying and immersion, each with a 33% percentage of usage.
Diversity of termite species at various altitudes in the secondary forest, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Indrayani Y , Setyawati D , Mariani Y , Takematsu Y , Yoshimura T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Forests are the natural habitat for termite breeding, where the diversity of its species is higher than other habitats. Therefore, it is imperative to be knowledgeable about the diversity of termites to assess the function of their colonies in environmental ecosystems. An introductory survey to measure the diversity of termite species in a tropical forest in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, was initiated from August – September 2020. This survey was carried out at various altitudes, namely 100 - 200, 201 - 300, and 301 - 400 masl. The termite sampling process was carried out on a 100 m path for each altitude. Observations were made in 8 plots, measuring 10 x 10 m. The termites were collected from the soil surface, leaf litters, mud trails, fallen logs, tree trunks, and roots, including termite nests. The chemical properties of the soil were analyzed to measure organic carbon, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A total of 150 samples of termite were collected in the survey from 8 plots at an altitude of 100 – 200 masl (97 individuals), 5 plots at an altitude of 201 – 300 masl (43 individual) and 2 plots at an altitude of 301 - 400 masl (10 individuals). We found seven species of subterranean termites belonging to two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae) and five sub-families (Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Coptotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, and Rhinotermitinae). Increasing altitude leads reduction in the number of species of individual termites. This reduced diversity of termite species in higher areas is due to decreased temperature because cold temperatures inhibit termite’s metabolic rate. Soil chemical analysis shows that C-Organic, N, P, K, and CEC contents in this study decreased with increasing altitude. In conclusion, we highlight that altitude is a limiting factor for the distribution of termite species. It is in direct proportion with the homogeneous distribution of termite species in secondary forests of Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, possibly due to a decrease in air temperature and soil mineral elements.
Flora composition and diversity in Mount Sibela Educational Forest, South Halmahera, North Maluku
Authors: Irmayanti L , Ashari R , Peniwidiyanti  , Umanailo F , Rangkuti A B , Fatrawana A , Nurhikmah  , Nurdin A S , Nur M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Gunung Sibela Educational Forest is part of the nature reserve located on Bacan Island, North Maluku. Flora research in this location is still very limited, therefore this research was carried out as database support for area management. The purpose of this study was to describe the composition and diversity of flora in the Gunung Sibela Educational Forest. Data collection was carried out in block 332 by making 25 plots measuring 20 m × 20 m each. We recorded the number of individuals of each species, also height and diameter specifically for trees in each growth phase. There were 40 plant species from 25 families, dominated by Neolamarckia macrophylla in tree phase (71.95%), Celtis sp. in poles (41.87%) and saplings (22.55%), and Aglaia sp. in seedlings (33.02%). The diversity index was on moderate categories on trees (2.93), poles (2.93) and seedling (2.47), and high on saplings (3.05). The richness index was high on trees, poles, saplings (6.58, 5.18, 6.05 respectively), and moderate on seedlings (3.61). While the evenness index shows the number of individuals for trees, poles, saplings and seedlings tend to be evenly distributed (0.82, 0.93, 0.89, 0.89 respectively). Overall of this study is the composition of the vegetation in Gunung Sibela Educational Forest contains 40 species of plants and the diversity of species is classified as moderate, and evenness and species richness are classified as high. This indicates that the condition of the vegetation in the research location of the Gunung Sibela Educational Forest is in good condition.
Morphological characteristics and abundance of red meranti (Shorea platyclados) in Martelu Purba natural reserves
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Rambey R , Arinah H , Irmayanti L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert is a commercial timber-producing tree from the Dipterocarpaceae family, with the trade name red meranti. The distribution and abundance of Shorea species in Indonesia are decreasing due to forest conversion and illegal logging. As a result, this species is listed as endangered (EN) according to The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, conservation efforts become an urgent task for this species. This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of S. platyclados in its natural habitat in the Martelu Purba nature reserve. Morphological identification was carried out through direct observation and measurement of all parts of the tree organs, such as the characters of leaves, seeds, flowers, stems, crowns, and bark. The species abundance was carried out through exploration and inventory methods in approximately 195 ha, and 110 plots were built for vegetation analysis. Our research found that S. platyclados has flat branches and has very sharp seed tips. The results of the species abundance showed that of 110 observation plots, 484 individuals of S. platyclados were found at the tree level. This condition is rather contrary to the current status registered by the IUCN.
Inventory and diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) at Kuningan Resort of Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province
Authors: Hastomo S O E , Muttaqin Z , Cita K D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The presence of dragonflies regarding the sensitivity of nymphs towards environmental changes is considered a bioindicator that can indicate changes in water quality and the environment. The purpose of this study is to take inventory of the species and the diversity of dragonflies at the Kuningan Resort, Mount Ciremai National Park in several representative aquatic habitats. The dragonfly inventory technique used a modified line transect method with observation plots that are not limited by a certain distance or area but by a set time of 15 minutes for each plot observation. The results of the inventory obtained 24 species of dragonflies from 8 families, as many as 591 dragonflies consisting of 58.2% of common dragonflies including of suborder Anisoptera consists of Aeshnidae, Gomphidae, Libellulidae and 41.8% of needle dragonflies including of suborder Zygoptera consist of Platystictidae, Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae, Coenagrionidae. The dragonfly diversity index (H’ = 1.94 – 2.32) (medium), the species richness index, or the values of Margalef’s diversity index (Dmg) ranged from 1.99 to 2.87 (low), the species evenness index ranges from 0.39 – 0.6)(low – medium).
Conservation Strategy of Native Seedlings in Kalimantan to Achieve Sustainable Forests in Indonesia
Authors: Suheri M , Haneda N F , Hwa J Y , Sukeno S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, the attention of the global community is increasing to the phenomenon of climate change. Climate change could influence the imbalance of the forest ecosystem. Likely floods, forest fires, pests, and disease outbreaks are the important factors that can decrease forest productivity as a reciprocal relationship between forest disturbance and deforestation. The development of plantation forests and natural forest nurseries is one solution to maintain forest resources by reducing deforestation rates and conserving biodiversity. In this study, to conserve native trees of Kalimantan, we explored natural seedlings in their habitats as part of sustainable forest management. The study was conducted at IUPHHK-HTI PT Korintiga Hutani (PT KTH) from 2019 to date. Seedling explorations were carried out in Bukit Panjang and Sungai Inaf Besar. The collection method used wild seedlings (soil aggregate was still compacted in the roots). Furthermore, wild seedlings were grown in a polybag (23 × 15 cm) and stored in shading areas. Then, for acclimatization, it was transplanted to a natural forest nursery. These results suggest that the nursery has collected 9 families, 10 genus, 13 species, and 9791 individuals with 2680 individuals, represent the majority of dominance. As much of 600 seedlings of Dipterocarpaceae were planted at the river border in PT KTH.
Estimation of above ground biomass Shorea spp (Dipterocarpaceae) using allometric models
Authors: Latifah S , Zahrah M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Understanding numerous ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, necessitates the estimation of forest biomass. This study was conducted primarily to estimate the above-ground biomass of Shorea spp (Dipterocarpaceae) using an allometric model in the Forest Management Unit Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera-Indonesia. To estimate tree biomass in forests, allometric regression models are frequently utilized. These are mathematical functions that link a tree’s dry mass to one or more tree dimensions, like height, diameter, and wood density. The results showed that the average above-ground biomass of Shorea spp was 726.42 kg/tree. Intsia bijuga, with average biomass of 269.83 kg/tree, contributed to the smallest biomass. While the largest contribution to the amount of biomass is Shorea platyclados, with average biomass of 1564 kg/tree. and for carbon storage of 735,2761 kg/tree.
Characteristics Biochar from Young Coconut Waste based on Particle Size as Améliorant
Authors: Lita A L , Maulana A , Yulnafatmawita  , Gusmini  , Herviyanti  , Ryswaldi R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Waste from agricultural products will be a problem if it is not used properly. Optimization of waste-biomass agriculture as ameliorant e.g biochar from young coconut waste for sustainable agriculture. The particle size of biochar will have a different effect when applied to the soil, then it is necessary to study the characteristics of biochar particle size from young coconut waste (YCW). The biochar particle size (A) 4.75 − 2.80 mm; (B) 2.80 − 2.00 mm; (C) 2.00 − 1.00mm; (D) 1.00 − 0.50 mm; (E) < 0.50 mm The treatment units were allocated based on a Completely Randomized Design with three replication. The results showed that the chemical characteristic of biochar particle size from YCW has a significant on electrical conductivity, liming potential, proximate analysis, CEC, cation base, C Inorganic, and C Organic. The best characteristics of biochar particle size from YCw is < 0.50 mm on pH (10.09 units), EC (1.11 dS m−1), liming potential (7.11 %), proximate analysis (34.5% moisture; 57.77% volatile matter); CEC (780.69 mmol kg−1), cation base (393.49 K; 430.31 Ca; 124.37 Mg and 173.42 mmol kg−1 Na); GInorganic (0.376 g kg−1), COraganic (17.93 g kg−1). With the best particle size of biochar YCw using 0.5 mm − 2 mm.