bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength decay of wire ropes by corrosion and wear at different surface conditions
Authors: Lin Yuan-Ching , Chen Tzung-Ming , Chang Wen-Fung 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of different lubricated and protective conditions of wire ropes. The failure behaviors of wire ropes under different surface conditions were evaluated by using salt spray, wear, and tensile testing. The four surface conditions of the test wire ropes included naked wire and wires coated with wire rope oil, 85W/140 gear oil, and grease, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the naked wire was more easily corroded in 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution than in 5%. The results indicated that only the specimen coated with wire rope oil showed no corrosion in the 5% aqueous solution after nine days of the salt spray, and likewise this specimen was not characterized by long distance scratches in a starvation lubrication condition, causing the wire’s tensile strength underwent almost no degradation. Furthermore, the uncertain performance of grease restricted the applications of wire ropes in corrosive environment.
Der Mensch im Fokus
Authors: Dvorak Julia , Kandler Magnus , Clever Fabian , Mahanty Wolfgang , Beiner Sebastian , Lanza Gisela , Kinkel Steffen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Im Zuge der sich verändernden Produktion wird die Frage essentiell, welche Rolle der Mensch in Zukunft einnehmen wird. Technologien, die auf Künstlicher Intelligenz basieren, nehmen Einzug in die Produktion und verändern damit die Arbeit des Menschen. Aufgaben werden komplexer und Assistenzsysteme können einen Beitrag dazu leisten, den Menschen bei seinen täglichen Aufgaben zu unterstützen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein Konzept für die Integration mehrerer KI-basierter Assistenzsysteme entlang einer Montagelinie für Elektromotoren vorgestellt. Anhand dieses Demonstrators sollen die Auswirkungen der Assistenzsysteme auf das sozio-technische Arbeitssystem untersucht werden. Neben der Interaktion von Mensch und KI-System wird zudem die Steuerungsebene betrachtet, um die Messung von prozessseitigen Auswirkungen quantitativ zu bewerten.
Training von Qualitätsmethoden in der virtuellen Welt mittels VR-Brillen
Authors: Karcher Amelie , Prinz Christopher , Arnold Dominik , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Die nachhaltige Vermittlung von Qualitätsmethoden durch Assistenzsysteme, wie z. B. eine Virtual Reality (VR)-Brille, stellt einen neuen und wachsenden Trend von Weiterbildungsangeboten dar. Bereits vorhandene Lehr- und Lernkonzepte können hierfür um virtuelle Lehrinhalte ergänzt werden. Findet diese Ergänzung den Einsatz im Bereich der Weiterbildung, so können Personen hierdurch flexibel betriebliche oder auch familiäre Rahmenbedingungen miteinander kombinieren. Im Vordergrund dieses Beitrags steht die Erläuterung eines entwickelten Anwendungsszenarios anhand der 5S-Methode zu Trainingszwecken von Qualitätsmethoden durch VR-Brillen. Ergänzend hierzu wird ein zusammengefasster Lessons-learned-Austausch zwischen den Teilnehmenden und den Entwicklern vorgestellt.
АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РАКЕТНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДАЛЬНЕГО КОСМОСА
Authors: Лазарева Ю.И. , Клименко С.В. , Кулик А.В. , Лазарев И.В. 
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the current state and development prospects of rocket engines for space exploration. Currently, for flights to other planets, not to mention the stars, the use of liquid-propellant and solid-propellant rocket engines is becoming increasingly unprofitable, although many rocket engines have been developed. Thus, to reach manned planes even the nearest planets, it is necessary to develop rocket launchers on engines operating on principles different from chemical propulsion systems. The most promising in this regard are electric, laser and nuclear rocket engines, as well as hybrid rocket engines such as solid-state nuclear rocket engine (NRE) and electric jet engine (ERE) or gas-phase NRE and ERE.
Reconsidering the nature of the learning space in practically-based higher education: Innovative approaches to higher education in the UK context
Authors: Kersh Natasha , Laczik Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe significance of equipping higher education graduates with both practical skills and theoretical knowledge relevant to their future workplace has been identified as one of the priorities in the higher education sector. Specifically, the issues, such as the preparation of young people for the world of work, facilitating the links between academic studies and practical experiences, and situating practice-based education have become central to the higher education landscape. This article discusses the extent to which practically-based higher education learning spaces can be constructed and co-constructed, involving the cooperation and collaboration of different stakeholders: employers, university lecturers and students. The article will particularly draw on the perspectives from a case study of practically-based higher education in the hospitality sector in England. Drawing on this case study the article will address the following research questions: (1) How can practically-based learning spaces be constructed and co-constructed within the context of higher education? and (2) What is the role of different stakeholders in this process? The article argues that the development of a practically-based higher education learning space is much more complex than simply bringing together academic and practical learning, and involves both institutional affordances, industry engagement and collaboration of key stakeholders.
Splitting capacity of Eucalyptus globulus beams loaded perpendicular to the grain by connections
Authors: Majano-Majano Almudena , Lara-Bocanegra Antonio José , Xavier José , Guaita Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn timber structures, knowledge of the splitting capacity of beams loaded perpendicular to the grain by dowel-type connections is of primordial importance since brittle failure can occur. In the present work, single- and double-dowel-type connections following different loaded edged distance arrangements are experimentally investigated to derive the splitting behaviour of Eucalyptus globulus L., which is a hardwood species of increasing interest for structural use due to its high mechanical performance, fast growth, and good natural durability. The correlation of experimental failure loads with those theoretically predicted by the expression included in Eurocode 5 and by eight analytical models based on an energetic approach is discussed. Most of the analytical models studied overpredict the splitting capacity. However, the code splitting expression, derived from softwoods, proves to be very conservative in predicting the eucalyptus splitting failure load.
Factors influencing water conservation behaviour amongst low-income communities in South Africa
Authors: Thakur Rookmoney , Onwubu Stanley , Harris Geoffrey , Thakur Surendra 
Published: June 2022

While economic incentives, technical developments, and government policies and regulations can all contribute to reduce residential water use, householders, on the other hand, can also help lessen overall water demands by using less water. In this study, we look at how to modify people's behaviour to conserve water at home. Using the theory of reasoned action which suggest human behaviour is a construct of subjective norms, and attitude, this study aimed to identify the factors that influences water conservation behaviour in low-income households in South Africa South Africa. The study focused on the Waterloo Township, which is located north of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. This study followed a positive paradigm and employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design and a quantitative survey design with a sample of (n=305). Both descriptive and inferential analysis was used to analyze and present the data. Path analysis using regression coefficient was performed to establish the factors that predict water conservation behaviour. The results suggest that although the knowledge of water conservation was high among the respondents, there was however a negative gap difference (-20.3) between their knowledge (94.4%) and actual behaviour (74.1%) towards water saving techniques. The regression analysis conducted revealed that subject norms were the strongest predictor towards water conservation intentions in the Waterloo LCH. This conclusively suggest that the conceptualisation of water conservation behaviour as a function of attitude and subjective norm may be appropriate in the context of the low-cost housing areas within South Africa.
Rate-Pseudopressure Deconvolution Enhances Rate-Time Models Production History-Matches and Forecasts of Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Ruiz Maraggi L. M. , Lake L. W. , Walsh M. P. 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Physics-based and empirical rate-time models inherently assume constant bottomhole flowing pressure (BHP), an assumption that may not hold for many unconventional wells. Hence, applying these models without accounting for BHP variations might lead to inaccurate (a) flow regime identification, (b) estimation of the parameters of these models, and (c) estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and drainage volumes. This study evaluates and compares the predictions of rate-time relations including and ignoring corrections for time-varying BHP for both synthetic and shale gas wells.
We generate a real gas synthetic case with errors in the time-varying BHP. First, we convert pressures into pseudopressures. Second, we deconvolve the pseudopressure history by applying the regularized exponential basis function inverse scheme to obtain an equivalent rate—the unit-pseudopressure-drop rate at standard conditions—at constant BHP. Third, we history match the production using the scaled single-phase compressible fluid physics-based model for three different approaches: (a) using rate-time-pressure data with rate-pseudopressure deconvolution, (b) using rate-time-pressure data using just rate-pressure deconvolution, and (c) using only rate-time data. Finally, we compare the results in terms of their history matches and estimated reservoir parameters. We conclude by illustrating the application of this procedure to shale gas wells.
For the synthetic case, the fit of the single-phase compressible fluid rate-time model using rate-pseudopressure deconvolution can accurately estimate the original gas in place, characteristic time, gas permeability, and fracture half-length. In contrast, considerable errors are noted when either using rate-pressure deconvolution or failing to account for variable BHP. Regarding the shale gas examples, the rate-pseudopressure deconvolution scheme accurately identifies the flow regimes present in the well, which can be difficult to detect by only analyzing rate-time data. For this reason, the fits of the scaled single-phase compressible fluid model using only rate-time result in unreasonably large estimates of the reservoir parameters and EUR. In contrast, the application of rate-pseudopressure deconvolution constrains the fits of the single-phase compressible fluid model yielding more realistic estimates of the time of end of transient flow, and EUR.
This paper illustrates the application of a workflow that accounts for variable BHP by estimating an equivalent constant unit-pseudopressure-drop gas rate (at standard conditions). We illustrate the workflow for a particular decline-curve model, but the workflow is general and can be applied to any rate-time model. The approach history matches and forecasts the production of unconventional gas reservoirs using rate-time models more accurately than assuming constant BHP.
Persistence of residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen and RNA in tissues of patients with long COVID-19
Authors: Goh Denise , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Fernández Sonia Bilbao , Lee Justina Nadia , Joseph Craig Ryan , Neo Zhen Wei , Guerrero Sílvia , Lau Mai Chan , Sheng Joe Yeong Poh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The World Health Organization has defined long COVID-19 (LC) as a condition where patients exhibit persistent symptoms over time after its acute phase, which cannot be explained by alternative diagnosis. Since we have previously reported residual viral antigens in tissues of convalescent patients, we now aim to assess the presence of such antigens in post-convalescent tissues. Here, we established the presence of residual virus within the appendix and breast tissue of 2 patients who exhibited LC symptoms, 175 to 462 days upon positive diagnosis, using immunohistological techniques. We observed positive staining for viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the appendix, and tumour-adjacent region of the breast, but not within the tumour via multiplex immunohistochemistry. Notably, with RNAscope, both positive-sense and negative-sense (replicative intermediate) viral RNA were detected. As a single-stranded virus, SARS-CoV-2, have to produce a replicative intermediate as a template to synthesize new genomic RNAs. Thus, the detection of negative-sense viral RNA suggests ongoing viral replication. While viral RNA and antigen from gastrointestinal and stool samples of convalescent patients has been extensively reported, we believe this is the first study to detect viable virus. Furthermore, our positive finding in the breast tissue also corroborated with recent reports that immunocompromised patients had also experienced LC symptoms and persistent viral replication. Overall, our findings, along with emerging LC studies, raises the possibility of the gastrointestinal tract functioning as a reservoir.
Integration of COVID-19 and TB screening in Kampala, Uganda - Healthcare provider perspectives.
Authors: Semitala Fred C , Katwesigye Rodgers , Kalibbala Dennis , Mbuliro Mary , Opio Rejani , Owachi Darius , Atine Edgar , Nassazi Josephine , Turyahabwe Stavia , Sekadde Moorine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Following the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak, Uganda experienced a 40% drop in Tuberculosis (TB) screening by June 2020. We sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of integrated COVID-19 and TB screening from the perspective of healthcare providers (HCP) at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda.Design/Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study using in-depth interviews with 12 HCP involved in TB activities in the outpatient and emergency departments at Kiruddu National Referral hospital Kampala, Uganda. We explored the HCP experiences at work in the setting of COVID-19, HCP perceived effect of COVID-19 on TB screening activities at the Hospital, and perceptions about social and contextual factors that might influence the willingness of HCP to integrate screening of COVID-19 and TB. We analyzed the data using an inductive thematic approach and the emergent themes were denoted as barriers to and facilitators of COVID-19-TB integrated screening. We then mapped the themes to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) model. Results: The facilitators to integrated COVID-19 and TB screening included; HCP knowledge of how to separately screen for TB and COVID-19, availability of TB focal persons and interest in learning how to provide integrated screening for TB and COVID-19. The barriers included; HCP inadequate knowledge on how to integrate screening of TB and COVID-19, absence of simple standard operating procedures and data collection tools for integrated screening, inconsistent supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), under staffing, and fear of contracting COVID-19 infection. The identified intervention functions to address the facilitators or barriers included education, persuasion, enablement, and training.Conclusions: These findings provide a basis for designing contextually appropriate interventions targeting factors that are likely to influence HCP decisions and willingness to conduct TB screening in the context of COVID-19.
Cloning and characterization of thermophilic cellulase and its application in the transformation of ginsenosides
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhao Huanxi , Wang Nan , Zhong Peng , Zhou Kailu , Yu Shanshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A novel cellulase (BcelFp) was identified from Fervidobaterium pennivorans DSM9078 which had biotransformation activity for PPD-type ginsenosides. Sequence analysis of BcelFp revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). The gene encoding a 323-amino acid protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its molecular weight was approximately 37 kDa. The recombinant BcelFp exhibited an optimal activity at 95 oC and pH 5.5 and showed high thermostability. The cellulase had high selectivity for cleaving the outer glucose moiety at the C3 carbon of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, which produced the more pharmacologically active gypenoside XVII (GypXVII), Compound O (CO), Compound Mc1 (CMc1) and F2, respectively. The Km values for Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd were 3.66 ± 0.04 µM, 4.02 ± 0.12 µM, 5.95 ± 0.03 µM, 0.67 ± 0.006 µM, respectively. The kcat/Km value of BcelFp for ginsenoside Rd was 27.91 mM-1s-1, which was much higher than the previously enzymes. This study was the first report of the highly efficient and selective transformation of GypXVII, CO, CMc1 and F2 from Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by a GH5-family thermophilic cellulase.
Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows on Feeding Rumen Protected Choline
Authors: Lunagariya Pravin Mohan , SHAH SHAILESH V , PATEL YOGESH G , PATEL JIGAR H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The experiment was planned to assess the supplemental feeding of 40 g/day (35% w/w choline) rumen protected choline (T2) in total mixed ration from − 21 to 120 days of calving to dairy cows on lactation performance of 294 days compared to control TMR (T1). Total sixteen cows were allotted in two groups having six multiparous and two primiparous cows. The multiparous cows allocated based on previous standard lactation yield and lactation number. The primiparous cows allocated based on the first standard lactation yield of dam. An intake, milk production was calculated at 21 biweekly period of lactation. The milk composition assessed four times during lactation. The daily intake of dry matter, total digestible nutrients was significantly lower by 2.44 kg and 1.46 kg, respectively in T2 group of cows compared to control. The cows of T2 group produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher residual whole milk yield (9–21 Bi-weekly period) and 4% FCM yield compared to T1 and increased was 1.69 and 1.19 kg/day, respectively. The cows of T2 groups has also significant (P < 0.05) less artificial insemination/conception (0.429) and service period (69.25 days). The cows of T2 group consumed less dry matter and total digestible nutrients to produce one each kg of whole and 4% fat corrected milk with better feed economic compared to T1. The supplemental feeding of rumen protected choline resulted in significant lower nutrient intake, higher residual whole and 4% FCM milk yield, improved reproductive performance as well as improved feed efficiency in dairy cows.
CvkR, a novel MerR-type transcriptional regulator, is a repressor of class 2 type V-K CRISPR-associated transposase systems
Authors: Ziemann Marcus , Reimann Viktoria , Liang Yajing , Shi Yue , Xie Yuman , Li Hui , Zhu Tao , Lu Xuefeng , Hess Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs) exist in different groups of bacteria, including certain cyanobacteria, which contain type V-K CAST systems. These systems contain genes encoding Tn7-like transposase subunits and a divergent number of cargo genes. How the activity of these systems is controlled in situ has remained largely unknown but possibly regulatory genes within these elements are prime candidates. Deletion of the respective regulator gene alr3614 in the cyanobacterium Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120 led to the overexpression of CRISPR tracrRNA, precursor crRNAs and mRNAs encoding the Cas12k effector protein (all3613) and Tn7-like transposase subunits. Upon complementation, these same genes were repressed again. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified the direct interaction between Alr3614 and the promoter of cas12k and identified a widely conserved binding motif. Structural analysis of Alr3614 at 1.5 Å resolution revealed that it belongs to the MerR-type transcription factor family but with distinct dimerization and effector-binding domains. This protein assembles into a homodimer interacting with DNA through its N-terminal winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domain and binds an effector molecule through a C-terminal α-helical domain lacking a conserved cysteine. These results identify Alr3614 as a transcriptional repressor of the CAST system in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. We suggest naming this family of repressors CvkR for Cas V-K repressors, which are at the core of a widely conserved regulatory mechanism that controls type V-K CAST systems.
Morpho-molecular characterization of ethnic Bora rice for conservation and breeding
Authors: Panja Suraj , Biswas Raju , Kar Rup Kumar , Dey Pradip Chandra , Dey Narottam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Glutinous Bora rice plays an important role in socio-economic and cultural livelihood of Boro tribes of Assam. However, neither systematic survey had been done, nor databanks are available on their detailed morpho-molecular characterization essential for breeding programme. Present study attempts to prepare a morphological database with molecular signature using a total of 22 Bora rice lines collected from upper Brahmaputra basin of Assam, which were phenotyped with 27 popular agro-morphological traits followed by marker based genotyping, sequence diversity study and expression profiling for selected genetic loci associated with low amylose content. Long day flowering and less number of tillers and panicles are the main discouraging traits of Bora rice that showed negative association with tiller length. Among the 8 different phenotypic markers established, anthocyanin pigment in different parts of the plant and availability of awn may be used as identifying criteria for selection of the hybrid lines introgress with “komal” trait. In marker based genotyping, all the studied marker loci were reported to be polymorphic with variable number of allelic forms and RM241 showed highest PIC value. In case of expression study, 5 days (after anthesis) old developing grains of selected Komal genotype (Aghani Bora) showed 90.9-fold down regulation of GBSSI (loci associated with amylose deposition in rice grain) with respect to the commonly grown popular rice (IR36). Phylogenetic relationship study with 5 different genomes (O rufipogon, O glaberima, O sativa japonica group, O sativa Indica group and IR36) based on sequence diversity of six major genetic loci (associated with starch deposition in endosperm) showed distinct relationship. Selected morpho-molecular markers (polymorphic between Bora and normal rice) were subjected to validation on hybrid population developed from selected Bora rice (Vogali Bora) and normal rice (IR36), which showed a promising response for use in marker assisted breeding program.