bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of a poor clinical outcome subtype of primary prostate cancer with Midkine abundance
Authors: Zhou Quan , Yang Chen , Mou Zezhong , Wu Siqi , Dai Xiyu , Chen Xinan , Ou Yuxi , Zhang Limin , Sha Jianjun , Jiang Haowen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies identified Midkine (MDK) as playing a key role in immune regulation. In this study, we aimed to discover the clinical significance and translational relevance in prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively analyzed 759 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (training cohort, n = 369) and Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium (validation cohort, n = 390). A total of 325 PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (external cohort) were analyzed for exploration. Immune landscape and antitumor immunity were assessed through immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Patient‐derived explant culture system was applied for evaluating the targeting potential of MDK. We found that intratumoral MDK expression correlated with PCa progression, which indicated an unfavorable biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival for postoperative PCa patients. Addition of MDK expression to the postoperative risk assessment tool CAPRA‐S could improve its prognostic value. Tumors with MDK abundance characterized the tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells with less cytotoxicity production and increased immune checkpoint expression, which were accompanied by enriched immunosuppressive contexture. Moreover, MDK inhibition could reactivate CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity. MDK mRNA expression negatively correlated with androgen receptor activity signature and positively associated with radiotherapy‐related signature. In conclusion, intratumoral MDK expression could serve as an independent prognosticator for BCR in postoperative PCa patients. MDK expression impaired the antitumor function of CD8+ T cells through orchestrating an immunoevasive microenvironment, which could be reversed by MDK inhibition. Moreover, tumors with MDK enrichment possessed potential sensitivity to postoperative radiotherapy while resistance to adjuvant hormonal therapy of PCa. MDK could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
‘Our time is precious’: An exploration of parental feeding behaviours for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Walker Meaghan , McAdam Laura , Amin Reshma , Lui Toni , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to the increased risk of obesity for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), recent guidelines recommend that dietary intake is carefully managed. Parents play an important role in the development of their child's eating behaviours and patterns. However, despite what is known about the increased risk of obesity for children with DMD, little is known about parental feeding behaviours in this population. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of parents of children with DMD around their child's weight management and understand what influences their feeding behaviours.MethodsThis paper reports a secondary data analysis. Semi‐structured, individual interviews were conducted and analysed using qualitative description.ResultsThirteen parents were interviewed for the study. Three themes were developed: (1) parent responses to healthcare provider interactions, (2) mixed emotions contributing to feeding approach and (3) variable parenting feeding styles. Within the third theme, two subthemes arose including (1) control and preoccupation and (2) striking a balance.ConclusionGiven the potential impact of higher weights on the progression of DMD, it is important that healthcare providers explore feeding behaviours with families. However, it is essential that healthcare providers consider the impact of these conversations on parents, as well as the broader issues that may place additional pressure on the lives of families.
The role of informational content of visual speech in an audiovisual cocktail party: Evidence from cortical oscillations in young and old participants
Authors: Begau Alexandra , Klatt Laura‐Isabelle , Schneider Daniel , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAge‐related differences in the processing of audiovisual speech in a multi‐talker environment were investigated analysing event‐related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), focusing on theta, alpha and beta oscillations that are assumed to reflect conflict processing, multisensory integration and attentional mechanisms, respectively. Eighteen older and 21 younger healthy adults completed a two‐alternative forced‐choice word discrimination task, responding to audiovisual speech stimuli. In a cocktail‐party scenario with two competing talkers (located at −15° and 15° azimuth), target words (/yes/or/no/) appeared at a pre‐defined (attended) position, distractor words at the other position. In two audiovisual conditions, acoustic speech was combined either with informative or uninformative visual speech. While a behavioural benefit for informative visual speech occurred for both age groups, differences between audiovisual conditions in the theta and beta band were only present for older adults. A stronger increase in theta perturbations for stimuli containing uninformative visual speech could be associated with early conflict processing, while a stronger suppression in beta perturbations for informative visual speech could be associated to audiovisual integration. Compared to the younger group, the older group showed generally stronger beta perturbations. No condition differences in the alpha band were found. Overall, the findings suggest age‐related differences in audiovisual speech integration in a multi‐talker environment. While the behavioural benefit of informative visual speech was unaffected by age, older adults had a stronger need for cognitive control when processing conflicting audiovisual speech input. Furthermore, mechanisms of audiovisual integration are differently activated depending on the informational content of the visual information.
High‐density genomic data reveal fine‐scale population structure and pronounced islands of adaptive divergence in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from Lake Michigan
Authors: Shi Yue , Homola Jared J. , Euclide Peter T. , Isermann Daniel A. , Caroffino David C. , McPhee Megan V. , Larson Wesley A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of genetic structure and adaptive variation in natural populations is crucial for informing conservation and management. Past genetic research using 11 microsatellite loci identified six genetic stocks of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) within Lake Michigan, USA. However, ambiguity in genetic stock assignments suggested those neutral microsatellite markers did not provide adequate power for delineating lake whitefish stocks in this system, prompting calls for a genomics approach to investigate stock structure. Here, we generated a dense genomic dataset to characterize population structure and investigate patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity among lake whitefish populations in Lake Michigan. Using Rapture sequencing, we genotyped 829 individuals collected from 17 baseline populations at 197,588 SNP markers after quality filtering. Although the overall pattern of genetic structure was similar to the previous microsatellite study, our genomic data provided several novel insights. Our results indicated a large genetic break between the northwestern and eastern sides of Lake Michigan, and we found a much greater level of population structure on the eastern side compared to the northwestern side. Collectively, we observed five genomic islands of adaptive divergence on five different chromosomes. Each island displayed a different pattern of population structure, suggesting that combinations of genotypes at these adaptive regions are facilitating local adaptation to spatially heterogenous selection pressures. Additionally, we identified a large linkage disequilibrium block of ~8.5 Mb on chromosome 20 that is suggestive of a putative inversion but with a low frequency of the minor haplotype. Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of population structure and adaptive variation that can help inform the management of Lake Michigan's lake whitefish fishery and highlights the utility of incorporating adaptive loci into fisheries management.
Role of basal sweating in maintaining skin hydration in the finger: A long‐standing paradox in dry skin resolved
Authors: Sato Tetsuko , Katayama Chieko , Hayashida Yuki , Asanuma Yumiko , Aoyama Yumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA long‐standing paradox in dermatology is why skin dehydration in the fingers can be triggered by repeated water exposure despite the action of water to hydrate skin tissue. Potential clues might be provided by identifying a mechanism through which water is held in the skin of the fingers. We speculated that this mechanism would be impaired after repeated water exposure. Here, we investigated whether there might be glabrous skin‐specific water‐holding machinery and whether this machinery might be impaired in dry skin/hand eczema. We examined this by using an impression‐mould technique, allowing for an accurate quantification of sweat gland/duct activity and optical coherence tomography. Unlike in hairy skin, sweat pores were rarely detected at the folds of the finger at baseline. Surprisingly, after water exposure, sweat pores at the folds opened and those at the ridges closed in healthy controls (HCs). Sweating in the dermal folds of the hands correlated with skin hydration, and decreased in dry skin/hand eczema, suggesting that its impairment may be one of the causes of dry skin. After repeated water exposure, basal sweating response at the folds was exhausted in patients with dry skin/hand eczema as well as HCs. This exhaustion was rescued by exposing individuals to high humidity. Basal sweating defects would be a target for dry skin/hand eczema. Maintaining basal sweating responses in the finger is the best preventive measures in achieving prevention of dry skin/hand eczema.
Bridging modelling and policymaking efforts to realize the European bioeconomy
Authors: Christensen Thomas , Philippidis George , van Leeuwen Myrna , Singh Asha , Panoutsou Calliope 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European Bioeconomy Strategy aims to facilitate the transition from a take–make–dispose fossil economy into one fostering circular bio‐based value chains linking sustainable land use with cutting‐edge products. Optimized designs, implementation and monitoring rely on continuous interactions between policymakers and modellers who run multiple scenarios for environmentally, economically and socially desirable futures. This paper leverages a multi‐layered framework that cross‐references 39 policies and 32 models to assess how they address the five principle objectives of the Bioeconomy Strategy in terms of accompanying sectors, value chains and multi‐dimensional indicators. The framework identifies gaps in bioeconomy knowledge both in policy and modelling. Overall, the analysis found little mention of the wide range of bio‐based products, technologies and processes, bio‐refineries, waste and land conservation. Bio‐based product policies can be simulated only in a limited number of models, compared, for example, to the wide range of modelling capacities that can model bioenergy. Additionally, in both policy and modelling realms, integration of market and biophysical drivers within the full scope of the value chain is scarce. Multidisciplinary studies combining multiple models perform best in this respect by integrating a more comprehensive range of relevant policies, bioeconomy drivers and indicators. Findings point to a more significant issue in policy‐modelling information exchange, and this paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for future improvements in this collaboration.
Physical function mediates the effects of sensory impairment on quality of life in older adults: Cross‐sectional study using propensity‐score weighting
Authors: Tseng Ya‐Chuan , Gau Bih‐Shya , Hsieh Yeu‐Sheng , Liu Tien‐Chen , Huang Guey‐Shiun , Lou Meei‐Fang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effect of sensory impairment on quality of life in older adults and to assess the role of physical function as a mediator of the effect of the sensory impairment on quality of life.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsOlder adults aged ≥65 years (N = 600) were recruited from January 2019 to May 2020. Hearing and visual function were measured with pure‐tone audiometry and Snellen visual acuity tests, respectively. Quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version), physical function (Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire) and sociodemographic characteristics were reported by participants using interviewer‐administered questionnaires. Propensity score weighting analysis was conducted based on generalized propensity scores via multinominal logistic regression for age, gender, education, income, and comorbidities. The difference in the quality of life was tested by applying a one‐way analysis of variance. Multiple mediation analysis was conducted to explore the direct, indirect, and total effects of sensory impairment on quality of life through physical function.ResultsAfter propensity score weighting adjustment, when compared with participants with no sensory impairment, participants with dual sensory impairment had the worst quality of life, followed by visual impairment and then hearing impairment. Physical function statistically significantly mediated the effect of hearing impairment, visual impairment and dual sensory impairment on quality of life in older adults.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the negative effect of the sensory impairment on quality of life in older adults was mediated through physical function.ImpactThe convergence of an increasing ageing population and the prevalence of sensory impairment presents a significant global health burden. This study demonstrated that physical function was a mediator of quality of life in older adults. Designing appropriate physical activity interventions for older adults with sensory impairment could serve to enhance physio‐psychological health and improve quality of life.
Systemic immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A literature review
Authors: Mohammed Ghada Farouk , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , Elneam Ahmed Ibrahim Abd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy has emerged as a critical therapeutic tool for the treatment of warts. Immunotherapy for warts is currently restricted to recalcitrant lesions. A small number of regimens appear to be extremely effective. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of evidence‐based research.ObjectiveFurthermore, in the majority of cases, their safety and effectiveness have not been evaluated in double‐blind, controlled clinical trials, making the reproducibility of many of the listed treatments difficult to analyze and a possible placebo effect difficult to rule out.MethodsAnalyzing and discussing different types of systemic immunotherapy. The different types of immunotherapy for warts are mentioned in this report.ResultsSystemic immunotherapeutic modalities commonly used in the treatment Echinacea, propolis, oral retinoids, glycyrrhizinic acid, levamisole, cimetidine, and zinc sulfate have all been reported as effective treatment modalities for different types of warts.ConclusionImmunotherapy has emerged as one of the most important therapeutic modalities for warts. Such treatment is required not only for recalcitrant or multiple lesions, but also in the majority of treated cases.
Effects of nanohybrid flowable resin‐based composites on fibroblast viability using different light‐curing units
Authors: Bukhary Dalea M. , Al‐Zain Afnan O. , Alshali Ruwaida Z. , Bukhary Deena M , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Youssef Abdel‐Rahman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of Bis‐GMA‐containing and Bis‐GMA‐free flowable resin‐based composites (RBCs) on primary human gingival fibroblast cells (hGFc) using direct and indirect curing methods and three different light‐curing units (LCUs).Materials and methodsCells were isolated and cultured in vitro in 24‐well plates. The plates were divided into treatment (cells with RBC), control (cells only), and blank (media only) groups. In the treatment groups, two types of nanohybrid flowable RBCs were used: Bis‐GMA‐free and Bis‐GMA groups. Each treatment group was subdivided according to the curing method, i.e., direct curing (RBC was injected into the wells and cured directly on the attached cells) and indirect curing (the samples were pre‐cured outside of the well plate and then added to the well plate with cells). To vary the LCU, the subgroups were further divided into three groups: multiple‐emission peak light‐emitting diode, single‐emission peak light‐emitting diode, and quartz‐tungsten‐halogen units. Curing was conducted for 20 seconds. The hGFc cytotoxicity was evaluated via 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after 24, 48, and 72 hours of culturing.ResultsThe MTT assay results showed that both RBCs were significantly cytotoxic toward hGFc compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The Bis‐GMA group was significantly more cytotoxic to the cells compared to the Bis‐GMA‐free group. In addition, the curing method and time interval affected cell viability regardless of the LCU used.ConclusionThe Bis‐GMA flowable RBC and direct curing method had the highest cytotoxic effects on hGFc regardless of the LCU used. Careful selection of flowable RBCs and proper curing techniques are required to decrease the cytotoxic effects on hGFc and improve the clinical handling of oral tissues.
Spontaneous and induced out‐of‐body experiences during sleep paralysis: Emotions, “AURA” recognition, and clinical implications
Authors: Herrero Nerea L. , Gallo Francisco T. , Gasca‐Rolín Miguel , Gleiser Pablo M. , Forcato Cecilia 
Published: August 2022

SummarySleep paralysis is characterized by the incapacity to perform voluntary movements during sleep/wake transitions, and could bring great discomfort. During sleep paralysis, out‐of‐body experiences can occur. Out‐of‐body experiences refers to the sensation of being outside of the physical body and perceiving the world from this outside perspective; however, they are pleasant in comparison with other sleep paralysis hallucinations. Lucid dreams are dreams in which a subject becomes aware of being dreaming while the dream occurs. Here, we designed an online survey to study the predominant and specific emotions during sleep paralysis and/or out‐of‐body experience events as well as the somatosensory perceptions that preceded their occurrence. The sample (N = 329) was divided into experimental groups depending on the presence/absence of out‐of‐body experiences, capacity to induce (or not) out‐of‐body experiences, and perception/no‐perception of the sleep paralysis. We showed that more positive emotions were associated with out‐of‐body experiences and more negative emotions were associated with sleep paralysis episodes, and for those who claim the ability to induce out‐of‐body experiences, positive emotions were more frequent in their episodes. We found that subjects perceived auditory, tactile and visual sensations before sleep paralysis episodes, and we proposed that these could be an “aura” of sleep paralysis. Furthermore, subjects that had out‐of‐body experiences but had never felt the sleep paralysis, perceived tactile and visual sensations to the same extent as subjects with out‐of‐body experiences that felt the sleep paralysis. Therefore, we proposed that the “aura” recognition could be used under controlled conditions for out‐of‐body experiences induction in patients with sleep paralysis to diminish the negative symptoms associated with sleep paralysis episodes.
Studying death and near‐death experiences requires neuroscientific expertise
Authors: Martial Charlotte , Gosseries Olivia , Cassol Héléna , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParnia et al. recently published suggestions for the study of death and experiences recalled in a near‐death context. We have serious reservations about the authors’ statements. In this commentary, we discuss the omissions and knowledge gaps inherent to the authors’ paper, which among others include incorrect neurological claims about brain death and misunderstandings regarding the terminology of consciousness. Although we believe that (near‐)death research deserves a framework guideline, the paper by Parnia and colleagues is misleading and, contrary to the authors' intention, hinders the scientific understanding of near‐death experiences and the neural mechanisms occurring in the dying brain.
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for high‐risk transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth: A qualitative study of youth and mental health providers' perspectives on intervention relevance
Authors: Tilley Jacqueline L. , Molina Lucero , Luo Xiaochen , Natarajan Aaradhana , Casolaro Leslye , Gonzalez Adam , Mahaffey Brittain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesDespite the significant mental health challenges and unique treatment needs of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth, research on the acceptability of evidence‐based treatments for these youth is limited. To address this gap, the current study explored the perceived relevance of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for high‐risk TGD youth.MethodsQualitative data were collected from six focus group discussions with a purposive sample of 21 TGD youth aged 18–25 years old who endorsed a history of depression, suicidality or self‐harm and individual interviews with 10 mental health treatment providers with prior DBT and TGD client experience. The data were analysed inductively using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe results highlighted the perceived relevance of DBT in targeting chronic and acute stressors, some of which are unique to TGD youth such as issues related to gender dysphoria, hormone‐related treatment and gender identity. Possible areas for treatment modifications including the adaptation of body awareness exercises and physiological‐related coping techniques for youth experiencing gender dysphoria, and the reinforcement of self‐care skills, were identified. While interpersonal effectiveness skills were acknowledged as important, treatment providers highlighted a need to prioritize safety over the practice of these skills. This is because TGD youth often experience more hostile and prejudiced interpersonal experiences than their cisgender peers.ConclusionThe study's findings shed light on previously unexplored perspectives of TGD youth and treatment providers on the perceived relevance of DBT and provide treatment providers and implementation researchers with some critical issues to consider when working with high‐risk TGD youth.