bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthropods
Authors: Monsel Gentiane , Delaunay Pascal , Chosidow Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany arthropod species are capable of inflicting bites and stings on humans. They produce their effects on the skin by a variety of mechanisms, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical lesions. Reaction to arthropod assaults can range from mild to life threatening. Diagnosis of arthropod bites is often self‐evident, but may be difficult when the source of the bites is not immediately obvious. An entomologist is often invaluable in these situations. Many diseases have arthropods vectors, for example malaria (mosquitoes), leishmaniasis (sandflies) and typhus (lice). The terrestrial arthropods of medical interest include the orders Insecta (insects), Arachnida (arachnida), Chilopoda (centipedes) and Diplopoda (millipedes).
Urticarial Vasculitis
Authors: Borzova Elena , Grattan Clive E. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrticarial vasculitis is a rare disease that needs to be differentiated from chronic spontaneous urticaria. The illness is characterized clinically by urticarial lesions with histological evidence of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. It can lead to substantial morbidity if associated with hypocomplementaemia and systemic involvement. The diagnosis relies on lesional skin biopsy and may present challenges for both clinicians and histopathologists. Investigation for an underlying infection or an autoimmune‐, neoplastic‐ or drug‐related aetiology may reveal a cause but many cases remain unexplained after investigation. Management of urticarial vasculitis can be difficult and includes H1 antihistamines, non‐steriodal anti‐inflammatory drugs, oral corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunosuppressive agents, but evidence of efficacy from controlled studies is needed.
Dermatoses Resulting from Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Authors: Goldsmith Portia C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the disorders that affect the arteries and veins that are important to practising dermatologists. It moves from peripheral arterial disease to varicose veins, venous thrombosis and chronic insufficiency. On the way, arterial, venous and arteriovenous malformations are discussed; the types and causes of telangiectases are described; and erythromelalgia is covered. The latest on the pathogenesis of these disorders is discussed and the most recent guidelines on management are given.
Dermatoses of the Oral Cavity and Lips
Authors: Scully Crispian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOral and labial lesions are usually the result of local disease but may be the early signs of systemic disease, including dermatological disorders, and in some instances may cause the main symptoms. This chapter mainly discusses disorders of the periodontal and mucosal tissues that may be related to skin disease and that may present at a dermatology clinic. It should be borne in mind that the professionals most competent in diagnosing and treating oral diseases are those with formal dental training and who are therefore in a position to understand the full complexities of the region. This chapter is divided into a brief discussion of the biology of the mouth, an overview of the more common signs and symptoms affecting specific oral tissues, discussion of the disorders of the oral mucosa of most relevance to dermatology and a tabulated review of oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Only the more classic oral lesions are illustrated. For reasons of space restrictions, diseases affecting the teeth, salivary glands, jaws or temporomandibular joints are not discussed in any depth.
Observer‐based bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation for fractional multi‐agent systems with discontinuous inherent dynamics
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Huaiqin , Cao Jinde 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this article, the bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation issue of fractional multi‐agent systems is discussed, where the dynamical nodes of followers are modeled to be discontinuous and nondecreasing. A observer‐based adaptive distributed control scheme, which is dependent on output information, is designed to realized the bipartite formation control goal. Meanwhile, the efficient algorithm with respect to the control protocol also is presented. Under fractional Filippov differential inclusion framework, by constructing Lur'e Postnikov‐type Lyapunov functional and applying Clarke's non‐smooth analysis technique, the bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. At last, a simulation example is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Simultaneous actuator and sensor fault reconstruction of singular delayed linear parameter varying systems in the presence of unknown time varying delays and inexact parameters
Authors: Hassanabadi Amir Hossein , Pourdadashi Komachali Fateme , Shafiee Masoud , Puig Vicenc 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this article, robust fault diagnosis of a class of singular delayed linear parameter varying systems is considered. The considered system has delayed dynamics with unknown time varying delays and also it is affected by noise, disturbance and faults in both actuators and sensors. Moreover, in addition to the aforementioned unknown inputs and uncertainty, another source of uncertainty related to inexact measures of the scheduling parameters is present in the system. Making use of the descriptor system approach, sensor faults in the system are added as additional states into the original state vector to obtain an augmented system. Then, by designing a suitable proportional double integral unknown input observer (PDIUIO), the states, actuator, and sensor faults are estimated. The uncertainty due to the mismatch between the inexact parameters that schedule the observer and the real parameters that schedule the original system is formulated with an uncertain system approach. In the PDIUIO, the uncertainty induced by unknown inputs (disturbance, noise and actuator, and sensor faults), unknown delays, and inexact parameter measures are attenuated in H∞ sense with different weights. The constraints regarding the existence and the robust stability of the designed PDIUIO are formulated using linear matrix inequalities. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified using an application example based on an electrical circuit.
Filling the Gaps in the Challenging Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Exocyclic Benzofused Alkenes with Ir−P,N Catalysts
Authors: Biosca Maria , de la Cruz‐Sánchez Pol , Tarr Daniel , Llanes Patricia , Karlsson Erik A. , Margalef Jèssica , Pàmies Oscar , Pericàs Miquel A. , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a chiral phosphine‐triazole ligand for the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of exocyclic benzofused alkenes. Overcoming previous limitations, the catalytic system is able to successfully hydrogenate exocyclic olefins bearing a benzofused five‐ and six‐membered ring motif (ee's between 92 to 99%). The catalyst tolerates well the presence of several substituents and substitution patterns at both aromatic rings. The absence of a competing isomerization process together with the perfect fit of the olefins in the catalyst chiral pocket are key to surpass the previous limitations in the hydrogenation of both 5‐ and 6‐membered ring benzofused exocyclic olefins.magnified image
Cu–Au nanoparticles produced by the aggregation of gas‐phase metal atoms for CO oxidation
Authors: Chepkasov Ilya V. , Baidyshev Viktor S. , Golubnichiy Artem A. , Zamulin Ivan S. , Kvashnin Alexander G. , Kozlov Sergey M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlloy nanoparticles (nanoalloys) are widely applied in heterogeneous catalysts, advanced electrodes, biomaterials, and other areas. The properties of nanoalloys can be tuned to a significant extent by their structures and compositions, which are governed by the employed synthetic procedure. Often such synthesis occurs in non‐equilibrium conditions and yields nanoalloys with structures and properties that are different from those obtained in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this work, we characterize how the non‐equilibrium conditions during the synthesis of Cu–Au alloys via physical vapor deposition (PVD) affect their morphology, composition, electronic structure, and reactivity in CO oxidation. We used molecular dynamics to simulate the PVD synthesis of Cu–Au nanoalloys through the non‐isothermal aggregation of Cu and Au atoms at a 3:1 ratio in the Ar atmosphere to obtain realistic structures of Cu–Au nanoparticles. Due to the different aggregation kinetics of Au and Cu atoms, the average Au concentration in the obtained Cu–Au particles varied between 14% and 50% depending on the nanoparticle size and the aggregation time. Density functional simulations revealed that the reactivity of the obtained Cu–Au clusters toward CO and oxygen as well as Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relations for CO oxidation significantly depend on whether the clusters had fcc, icosahedral, or amorphous structures and do not strongly correlate with the d‐band centers of the adsorption sites. Our study highlights the importance of the non‐equilibrium character of nanoalloy structure and composition for their electronic structure and catalytic properties. The performed analysis of the reactivity of Cu–Au clusters with realistic structures in CO oxidation will help the optimization of Cu–Au catalysts for this societally important reaction.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Boumaza Xavier , Bonneau Baptiste , Roos‐Weil Damien , Pinnetti Carmela , Rauer Sebastian , Nitsch Louisa , Del Bello Arnaud , Jelcic Ilijas , Sühs Kurt‐Wolfram , Gasnault Jacques , Goreci Yasemin , Grauer Oliver , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Wicklein Rebecca , Lambert Nicolas , Perpoint Thomas , Beudel Martijn , Clifford David , Sommet Agnès , Cortese Irene , Martin‐Blondel Guillaume ,   for the Immunotherapy for PML Study Group
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveOur aim was to assess the real‐world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter survey compiling retrospective data from 79 PML patients, including 38 published cases and 41 unpublished cases, who received immune checkpoint inhibitors as add‐on to standard of care. One‐year follow‐up data were analyzed to determine clinical outcomes and safety profile. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with 1‐year survival.ResultsPredisposing conditions included hematological malignancy (n = 38, 48.1%), primary immunodeficiency (n = 14, 17.7%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 12, 15.2%), inflammatory disease (n = 8, 10.1%), neoplasm (n = 5, 6.3%), and transplantation (n = 2, 2.5%). Pembrolizumab was most commonly used (n = 53, 67.1%). One‐year survival was 51.9% (41/79). PML–immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was reported in 15 of 79 patients (19%). Pretreatment expression of programmed cell death‐1 on circulating T cells did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Development of contrast enhancement on follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging at least once during follow‐up (OR = 3.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–8.72, p = 0.02) was associated with 1‐year survival. Cerebrospinal fluid JC polyomavirus DNA load decreased significantly by 1‐month follow‐up in survivors compared to nonsurvivors (p < 0.0001). Thirty‐two adverse events occurred among 24 of 79 patients (30.4%), and led to treatment discontinuation in 7 of 24 patients (29.1%).InterpretationIn this noncontrolled retrospective study of patients with PML who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, mortality remains high. Development of inflammatory features or overt PML‐IRIS was commonly observed. This study highlights that use of immune checkpoint inhibitors should be strictly personalized toward characteristics of the individual PML patient. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:257–270
Staufen Impairs Autophagy in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Paul Sharan , Dansithong Warunee , Gandelman Mandi , Figueroa Karla P. , Zu Tao , Ranum Laura P. W. , Scoles Daniel R. , Pulst Stefan M. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is one of the master coordinators of cellular stress responses, regulating metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. We recently reported that staufen1 (STAU1), a stress granule (SG) protein, was overabundant in fibroblast cell lines from patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases as well as animal models, and patient tissues. STAU1 overabundance is associated with mTOR hyperactivation and links SG formation with autophagy. Our objective was to determine the mechanism of mTOR regulation by STAU1.MethodsWe determined STAU1 abundance with disease‐ and chemical‐induced cellular stressors in patient cells and animal models. We also used RNA‐binding assays to contextualize STAU1 interaction with MTOR mRNA.ResultsSTAU1 and mTOR were overabundant in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)‐C9ORF72, ATXN2Q127, and Thy1‐TDP‐43 transgenic mouse models. Reducing STAU1 levels in these mice normalized mTOR levels and activity and autophagy‐related marker proteins. We also saw increased STAU1 levels in HEK293 cells transfected to express C9ORF72‐relevant dipeptide repeats (DPRs). Conversely, DPR accumulations were not observed in cells treated by STAU1 RNA interference (RNAi). Overexpression of STAU1 in HEK293 cells increased mTOR levels through direct MTOR mRNA interaction, activating downstream targets and impairing autophagic flux. Targeting mTOR by rapamycin or RNAi normalized STAU1 abundance in an SCA2 cellular model.InterpretationSTAU1 interaction with mTOR drives its hyperactivation and inhibits autophagic flux in multiple models of neurodegeneration. Staufen, therefore, constitutes a novel target to modulate mTOR activity and autophagy, and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:398–416
Copper‐Catalyzed Boroaminomethylation of Olefins to γ‐Boryl Amines with CO as C1 Source
Authors: Wu Fu‐Peng , Geng Hui‐Qing , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoroaminomethylation of olefins is an efficient process to convert hydrocarbons directly into boron‐, nitrogen‐containing molecules. Such chemicals are a good handle for obtaining more complexed amine derivatives through the various transformations of organoboron. However, using simple and easily available CO as the C1 feedstock to achieve boroaminomethylation is still elusive. Here we report a copper‐catalyzed boroaminomethylation of olefins with CO as the C1 source via the mechanism of a carbene insertion into the N−H bond. This method affords valuable γ‐boryl amines from four inexpensive readily chemicals. The wide synthetic transformations of the γ‐boryl amines demonstrates their utility. Notably, 13C labeling studies revealed that the −CH2‐building block was derived from one molecule of CO.
Ynamide‐Mediated Peptide Bond Formation: Mechanistic Study and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Xu Silin , Jiang Dandan , Peng Zejun , Hu Long , Liu Tao , Zhao Lili , Zhao Junfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYnamides, a class of novel coupling reagents for peptide synthesis, facilitated peptide bond formation in a one‐pot, two‐step manner with α‐acyloxyenamide active esters of amino acids as stable intermediates. Ynamide‐mediated peptide synthesis proceeded by a reaction mechanism that is completely different from that of conventional coupling reagents and exhibited superiority in addressing the issue of racemization/epimerization during peptide bond formation. Herein, we present a systematic mechanistic analysis, including kinetics and Brønsted‐type structure–reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations, providing unprecedented mechanistic insight into ynamide‐mediated peptide bond formation. Based on these mechanistic studies, significant improvements were made, and the applicability of ynamide‐mediated peptide bond formation was successfully expanded to peptide fragment condensation, head‐to‐tail cyclization and solid‐phase peptide synthesis.
Reversible Light‐Controlled CO Adsorption via Tuning π‐Complexation of Cu+ Sites in Azobenzene‐Decorated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Zhong Wen , Zhou Jin‐Jian , Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLight‐responsive adsorbents capture significant attention due to their tailorable performance upon light irradiation. The modulation of such adsorbents is mainly based on weak (physical) interactions caused by steric hindrance while tuning strong interaction with target adsorbates is scarce. Here we report smart π‐complexation adsorbents, which can adjust the π‐complexation of active sites via light irradiation. A typical metal‐organic framework, MIL‐101‐NH2, was decorated with azobenzene motifs, and Cu+ as π‐complexation active sites were introduced subsequently. The reversible light‐induced isomerization of azobenzene regulates the surface electrostatic potentials around Cu+ from −0.038 to 0.008 eV, causing shielding and exposure effects. The alteration of CO uptake is achieved up to 54 % via changing light, while that on MIL‐101‐NH2 is negligible. This study provides a clue for designing target‐specific smart materials to meet the practical stimuli‐responsive adsorption demands.
Activatable Multimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Hu Yuxuan , Ye Deju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultimodal imaging, which harnesses two or more imaging modalities to produce complementary anatomical and molecular information of a living subject, has become as a powerful tool in both basic biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. The progresses in multimodal imaging are paralleled by the advances in multimodal probes, particularly activatable multimodal imaging probes that can generate concurrent switches in different imaging modality signals upon interaction with a molecular target. These probes are extremely promising for in vivo imaging. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progress in activatable multimodal probes for in vivo imaging and cancer theranostics, focusing on their design principle, signal activation mechanism and biomedical applications. The current challenges and perspectives for future developments of activatable multimodal probes are also briefly discussed. We hope that this Minireview will provide inspiration for the design of other activatable multimodal probes for improving in vivo imaging and theranostics.
Recent advances in implantable hydrogels for treating heart failure
Authors: Wan Huining , Sun Chenwei , Zhang Jieyu , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Yunbing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is an irreversible disease characterized by the reducing capacity of blood supply as a consequence of cardiomyocyte death and deteriorated fibrosis. There is a lack of effective treatment for heart failure other than a heart transplant, and thus significant resources have been dedicated to developing functional materials for cardiac tissue engineering. Implanting hydrogels in the myocardium near the myocardial infarction area can preserve cardiac function and slow the remodeling that leads to HF by providing mechanical support to the ventricular wall. Nevertheless, few reviews have been published for this promising HF treatment. Herein, we briefly discuss the classification and existing conventional treatments for HF and provide an overview of recent functional hydrogels designed for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, including polymeric hydrogels, polymer‐cell complex hydrogels, polymer‐cytokine complex hydrogels, and polymer‐protein complex hydrogels. Key challenges and future directions for advanced hydrogels have also been discussed.
Synergistic flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Yanlin , Tang Zhaobin , Zhu Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpoxy resin is an attractive traditional thermoset that is widely used in a variety of applications. And its flammable problem has drawn an increasing number of researchers to solve it. As flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were mixed in the epoxy matrix to create composites with an interesting synergistic flame retardant effect, and its mechanism were thoroughly investigated. When 10 wt% APP and ATH were added at a mass ratio of 3/1, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release were reduced by 48% and 38%, with a LOI of 28.9% and a UL‐94 of V‐0 rating. During the combustion process, polyphosphoric acid formed by the decomposition of APP could catalyze matrix decomposition to form a charring barrier and react with alumina formed by the decomposition of ATH to produce extremely stable aluminum metaphosphate, which covered the surface of burning matrix and hampered further combustion.
A new chelid turtle, Prochelidella palomoi sp. nov., from campanian Anacleto Formation, Neuquén Basin, North‐Western Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Maniel Ignacio J. , de la Fuente Marcelo S. , Filippi Leonardo F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe new turtle remains were found in the Anacleto Formation (Campanian) exposed in the Aguada Grande site. This area is located 10 km from the south of the city of Rincón de Los Sauces, in the north of the province of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. The specimen (MAU‐Pv‐AG‐452) consists of a partially preserved skull, carapace remains, an almost complete plastron, and a left ilium. The skull shows some features (a developed retropterygoid foramen, and a big muscle attachment area over the basisphenoid) that allow us to refer this specimen to the genus Prochelidella. The visceral view of the first costal bone exhibits deeper axillary buttresses that extend 2/3 of the costal width. This condition is also observed in the costal bone of Prochelidella buitreraensis from the Candeleros Formation (Cenomanian). The scute pattern observed in the anterior lobe of the plastron shows a large gular that extends along the entoplastra length, and small extragulars over the epiplastra. In contrast with the scute scheme observed in Prochelidella cerrobarcinae and Prochelidella portezuelae where the gular does not extend beyond the first 1/3 of the entoplastron. The phylogenetic analyses performed recovered this new species as a member of Prochelidella. The material recovered from the Anacleto Formation represents the first undoubtedly finding of Prochelidella in the late Cretaceous (Campanian) and the second skull recognized for the genus.