bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of polymerization N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy
Authors: Rabaeh Khalid , Eyadeh Molham 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dosimetric properties of N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide (NMPA) polymer gel dosimeter using UV-vis spectrophotometry as a simple and low-cost method.

Design/methodology/approach
The gel samples have been irradiated to various doses using a medical linear accelerator with 6 MV beam energy. The optical density of un-irradiated and irradiated NMPA polymer gel dosimeters in terms of absorbance at 500 nm was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry.

Findings
The absorbance values of the gel samples were increased linearly with increasing dose in the dose range between 2 and 20 Gy. A remarkable improvement in the dose response was noticed after the addition of various concentrations of glycerol. The impact of dose rate, beam energy and the post-stability of the exposed gels was studied and found consistent with the previous study using nuclear magnetic resonance results (energy independent and dose rate independent, stable up to one week).

Practical implications
The results of the independent experimental spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicate that the NMPA polymer gel dosimeter has good and consistent dosimetric features for radiotherapy dosimetry.

Originality/value
The ionizing radiation-induced polymerization of gel samples leads to a change in the absorbance of the irradiated gel samples. This study introduces the first characterization of NMPA gel dosimeter by means of UV-vis spectrophotometer.
Assessing the impact of environmental accounting research: evidence from citation and journal data
Authors: Cho Charles H. , Jérôme Tiphaine , Maurice Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct an analysis of management research based on impact measures, with a focus on the accounting discipline and the environment theme. Using author and journal data as units of analysis, this study seek to determine the representation of environmental accounting researchers among the most cited accounting authors and the consideration given to environmental issues in the impact assessment of management journals.Design/methodology/approachThis study collects and quantitatively analyzes the publications and citations of the 50 most cited accounting authors and run a principal component analysis on a collection of journal-centered indicators and rankings.FindingsThis study finds that – among the most cited accounting authors – environmental accounting researchers hold a relatively influential position although their research is mainly published in non-top-tier accounting journals. This study also documents that some environment-themed journals suffer from significant disadvantages in peer-reviewed journal rankings.Practical implicationsEnvironmental accounting researchers are likely to disseminate their research in other media than in top-tier journals. This may have an impact on the academic viability of this field.Social implicationsDespite their strong connection to societal issues, some research themes could become understudied if journal rankings are not able to consider publication outlets in a more comprehensive way. There is a strong need for a broader consideration of scientific production, particularly in relation to its overall societal impact.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an empirical analysis, combining author and journal data and documenting such findings, has been presented for publication. This study means to provide some descriptive insights into where environmental accounting researchers and environment-themed journals stand.
“Courage, loyalty, and cruelty”: learning history in a classical Christian school
Authors: Fitzpatrick Colleen 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study explores how the context of a classical Christian school (CCS) interacted with a how teacher taught and how students learned and experienced a unit about World War II.Design/methodology/approachA sixth-grade class was observed during their 13-day unit on World War I. The teacher was interviewed before the unit began to understand her goals for the unit and was interviewed after for her to reflect on her teaching and student learning. All classroom documents (notes, worksheets, essays) were collected. After the unit, each student participated in a think aloud of the assessment and reflected on their experiences during the unit.FindingsThe findings suggest that teacher and students were greatly impacted by the classical Christian nature of the school. The teacher used three biblical themes to frame the unit, which caused misconceptions for students. While students learned factual information about World War II, they struggled to relate the teacher's themes to World War II.Originality/valueThis study adds insights about teaching and learning history in a CCS and highlights the need for more research to explore what and how students in private religious schools are learning. While the teacher's themes could have been useful organizing concepts for the material, they instead complicated student learning.
When foreign direct investment is threatened: Rio Tinto and Richards Bay Minerals
Authors: Moore Amy Fisher , Matthee Marianne 
Published: May 2022

Theoretical basis
The theoretical basis of the teaching note is grounded in theory associated with macroeconomics and foreign direct investment (FDI); in particular why FDI is important to a developing country.

Research methodology
A secondary research methodology was used for the research and writing of this case study. Data (news articles and relevant readings) was obtained via the internet.

Case overview/synopsis
The case highlights the interrelated factors (civil society infrastructure, local and political unrest and community instability) that led to global mining company Rio Tinto announcing the halt of its operations and force majeure at its only South African business, Richards Bay Minerals (RBM). RBM was the largest business and employer in the province. Following the destruction of some of its equipment, civil unrest such as blocking of roads and intimidation of staff and the murder of one of their executives, Nico Swart, RBM management consequently announced all supplier contracts and operations would be halted until it was safe for work to be resumed.The case allows students to consider the interrelated factors that multinationals operating in developing countries are subject to in terms of different sub-national institutions and the potential impact of a large multinational ceasing operations in a local economy, both directly and indirectly. It concludes with considerations of what needs to be in place for RBM to continue operations.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, in management development programs or in short executive education courses focusing on the environment of business, macroeconomics and FDI.
Parametrical analysis of the tapered steel section with elliptical perforation: shear behaviour effects
Authors: De'nan Fatimah , Hashim Nor Salwani , Sua Xing Yong 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
With the vast advancement of structural steel properties over the recent decades, structural steel has become the dominate material for the construction of bridges, stadiums, factories and high rise buildings. This paper aims to present the study of structural behaviour and efficiency of tapered steel section with elliptical perforation under shear loading conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of various elliptical perforation configurations such as tapering ratio, perforation size, perforation orientation and perforation layout on the shear behaviour of tapered steel section has been investigated by using finite element method. A total of 112 models are simulated via LUSAS software.

Findings
It has been found that the most efficient model is the tapered steel section with tapering ratio of 0.3 and vertical elliptical perforation of 0.2 times the section depths which are arranged in Layout 3. The most efficient model has a shear efficiency of 1,094.35 kN, which is 4.12% less than the tapered steel section without perforation, but it could achieve a 0.32% of weight reduction.

Originality/value
The smaller tapering ratio and perforation size contributed to the higher shear buckling capacity and efficiency for the elliptical perforated tapered steel section.
A global evaluation of the associations between long‐term dynamics of seed falls and rodents
Authors: LIU Rui , ZHANG Yongjun , ZHANG Hongmao , CAO Lin , YAN Chuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne classic system of pulsed resource and animal population is mast seeding and population dynamics of seed‐eating rodents in forests. However, we still lack an understanding of the global patterns regarding the contributions of seed falls to rodent outbreaks or population dynamics. We analyzed a global dataset of coupled long‐term time series of seed abundances and rodent populations from published literature, including 66 and 89 time series (156 rodent–seed pairs from 37 studies) for rodent and seed abundances, respectively. We found only half of the examined rodent populations showed statistically significant coincidence between rodent outbreak and mast‐seeding years. Over all the coupled time series, seed abundance was found to positively correlate with rodent abundance with a one‐year lag, and the relative importance of seed abundance was much lower than that of density dependence in affecting rodent population growth rates. We also found the relative importance of seed abundance decreased, but that of rodent density dependence increased with the latitude of study. For the first time, our work provides a global pattern on the associations between seed falls and rodent population dynamics mostly in mid‐ and high‐latitude forests, and highlights the necessity of more long‐term studies on this subject in more forest ecosystems.
Effects of oxidation on the physicochemical properties and degradation of mutton myofibrillar proteins
Authors: Lei Yongdong , Deng Xiaorong , Zhang Zhiwei , Guo Xin , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTenderness affects mutton quality and price, and the degradation of myofibrillar protein (MP) is critical to improve tenderness. We investigated the oxidative modification of mutton MP by hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the effects of this modification on the proteolysis of MP by µ‐calpain. As the H2O2 concentrations increased, the carbonyl and dityrosine contents and the surface hydrophobicity of MP all display an increasing trend, whereas the total sulfhydryl and intrinsic fluorescence intensity of MP declines significantly. SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis indicates that disulfide bonds and other covalent bonds led to protein cross‐linking and aggregation. After adding µ‐calpain, with increasing oxidation, the degradation percentage of myosin heavy chain (MHC) increases considerably and actin degradation is promoted, while the proteolysis of troponin‐T and desmin is inhibited. These data suggest that·OH can change MP physicochemical properties and its susceptibility to µ‐calpain. Future investigations will focus on the effect of oxidation on the degradation of MP by other proteases, such as cathepsins and caspase and the effect of oxidation on these enzymes.Practical ApplicationThe calpain system, particularly µ‐calpain, plays a pivotal role in postmortem tenderization of meat. Protein oxidative modifications influence meat tenderness mainly by regulating proteolysis. An investigation of the effect of oxidation on the proteolytic susceptibility of MP to degradation by µ‐calpain allows for the monitoring of the association between protein oxidation and meat tenderness.
Effect of different drying technologies on the characteristics and quality of lemon slices
Authors: Xu Qinglian , Pan Hongjie , Shui Yuru , Xing Yage , Wu Lin , Zheng Faying , Fan Xiangfeng , Bi Xiufang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis experiment aimed to investigate the effects of four drying methods, namely, hot air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MD), vacuum drying (VD), and microwave vacuum drying (MVD), on the quality of lemon slices. The relevant indicators, including total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, browning, color, reducing sugar content, volatile component measurements, and principal component analysis of 0 and 30 days storage, were compared after exposure to the four drying methods. The shortest time of 64 min was used to treat the lemon slices via MVD at 1 KW. These samples displayed the least damage after drying and the highest rehydration ratio of 4.12. The contents of VC, reducing sugars, and total phenols of MVD samples were significantly higher than those in the HAD, VD, and MD groups, retaining 105.94 mg/100 g, 21.35 g/100 g, and 77.81 mg GAE/g, respectively, while their color difference values were also the smallest, with a browning degree of 3.55, significantly lower than those in the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), and the degree of browning of the samples in the HAD treatment group was the most serious; in terms of volatile flavor substances, the lemon slice samples in the MVD and HAD treatment groups were more diverse and of better quality. The order of product sensory evaluation was: MVD > VD > HAD > MD. The final scores after comprehensive analysis revealed the order of the four drying methods as MVD, HAD, VD, and MD. Therefore, MVD had a better effect on the sensory perception and nutritional properties of the lemon slices, providing a useful alternative to the conventional drying method.Practical ApplicationLemon slices during drying are affected by various aspects, leading to changes in its color, aroma substances, and nutrient composition. The results of this work will not only provide a technical reference for the future production of high‐quality dried lemon slices, but also have important implications for fresh‐cut lemons in processing and storage. It also generates important implications for fresh‐cut lemons in processing and storage.
E. coli biofilm formation and its susceptibility towards T4 bacteriophages studied in a continuously operating mixing – tubular bioreactor system
Authors: Lisac Ana , Birsa Elfi , Podgornik Aleš 
Published: May 2022

SummaryA system consisting of a connected mixed and tubular bioreactor was designed to study bacterial biofilm formation and the effect of its exposure to bacteriophages under different experimental conditions. The bacterial biofilm inside silicone tubular bioreactor was formed during the continuous pumping of bacterial cells at a constant physiological state for 2 h and subsequent washing with a buffer for 24 h. Monitoring bacterial and bacteriophage concentration along the tubular bioreactor was performed via a piercing method. The presence of biofilm and planktonic cells was demonstrated by combining the piercing method, measurement of planktonic cell concentration at the tubular bioreactor outlet, and optical microscopy. The planktonic cell formation rate was found to be 8.95 × 10−3 h−1 and increased approximately four‐fold (4×) after biofilm exposure to an LB medium. Exposure of bacterial biofilm to bacteriophages in the LB medium resulted in a rapid decrease of biofilm and planktonic cell concentration, to below the detection limit within < 2 h. When bacteriophages were supplied in the buffer, only a moderate decrease in the concentration of both bacterial cell types was observed. After biofilm washing with buffer to remove unadsorbed bacteriophages, its exposure to the LB medium (without bacteriophages) resulted in a rapid decrease in bacterial concentration: again below the detection limit in < 2 h.
Prevalence and self‐rated health and depression of family members affected by addictive disorders: results of a nation‐wide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Bischof Anja , Velleman Richard , Orford Jim , Kuhnert Ronny , Allen Jennifer , Borgward Stefan , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence of family members affected by addictive disorders (FMA) with regard to various types of addictive disorders, and self‐rated health and depression in the general population.DesignCross‐sectional general population survey.SettingThe German Health Update study (GEDA) 2014/2015, a nationally representative panel of German residents aged 15 years or older.ParticipantsA total of 24 824 residents aged 15 years or older.MeasurementsParticipants were asked if they had a family member with current or past addictive disorder, the type of addiction and the relationship status. In addition, self‐rated health and depression were assessed using standardized questionnaires.FindingsOf the respondents, 9.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.0–10.0] reported being affected by a current addictive disorder of a relative (cFMA), with a further 4.5% (95% CI = 4.2–4.9) reported having been affected by the addictive disorders of a relative in the past but not within the last 12 months (pFMA). Most FMAs reported having been affected by disorders due to alcohol, followed by cannabis and other drugs. Compared with life‐time non‐FMAs, FMAs reported significantly (P < 0.001) higher odds ratios for depression (cFM = 2.437; 95% CI = 2.082–2.853; pFMA = 1.850; 95% CI = 1.519–2.253) and ill‐health (cFMA = 1.574; 95% CI = 1.374–1.805; pFMA = 1.297; 95% CI = 1.082–1.555).ConclusionsIn Germany, family members affected by addictive disorder are a substantial group within the general population. This group is characterized by ill‐health and has not yet been adequately addressed by the addiction treatment system.
DNA methylation profiling of central nervous system hemangioblastomas identifies two distinct subgroups
Authors: Woltering Niklas , Albers Anne , Müther Michael , Stummer Walter , Paulus Werner , Hasselblatt Martin , Holling Markus , Thomas Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHemangioblastomas (HBs) of the central nervous system are highly vascular neoplasms that occur sporadically or as a manifestation of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. Despite their benign nature, HBs are clinically heterogeneous and can be associated with significant morbidity due to mass effects of peritumoral cysts or tumor progression. Underlying molecular factors involved in HB tumor biology remain elusive. We investigated genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles and clinical and histopathological features in a series of 47 HBs from 42 patients, including 28 individuals with VHL disease. Thirty tumors occurred in the cerebellum, 8 in the brainstem and 8 HBs were of spinal location, while 1 HB was located in the cerebrum. Histologically, 12 HBs (26%) belonged to the cellular subtype and exclusively occurred in the cerebellum, whereas 35 HBs were reticular (74%). Unsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction of DNA methylation profiles revealed two distinct subgroups. Methylation cluster 1 comprised 30 HBs of mainly cerebellar location (29/30, 97%), whereas methylation cluster 2 contained 17 HBs predominantly located in non‐cerebellar compartments (16/17, 94%). The sum of chromosomal regions being affected by copy‐number alterations was significantly higher in methylation cluster 1 compared to cluster 2 (mean 262 vs. 109 Mb, p = 0.001). Of note, loss of chromosome 6 occurred in 9/30 tumors (30%) of methylation cluster 1 and was not observed in cluster 2 tumors (p = 0.01). No relevant methylation differences between sporadic and VHL‐related HBs or cystic and non‐cystic HBs could be detected. Deconvolution of the bulk DNA methylation profiles revealed four methylation components that were associated with the two methylation clusters suggesting cluster‐specific cell‐type compositions. In conclusion, methylation profiling of HBs reveals 2 distinct subgroups that mainly associate with anatomical location, cytogenetic profiles and differences in cell type composition, potentially reflecting different cells of origin.
‘Even though you hate everything that's going on, you know they are safer at home’: The role of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in methamphetamine use harm reduction and their own support needs
Authors: Gendera Sandra , Treloar Carla , Reilly Rachel , Conigrave Katherine M. , Butt Julia , Roe Yvette , Ward James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionFirst Nations people who use methamphetamine are overrepresented in regional and remote Australia and more likely to turn to family for support. This can place strain on families. The support needs of family members of individuals using methamphetamine are poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted 19 focus groups and seven interviews with mostly First Nations community, family members and service providers. In total, 147 participants across six sites participated as part of a larger study investigating First Nations perspectives of how to address methamphetamine use and associated harms. We applied a social and emotional wellbeing framework to examine support needs and role of family in mitigating methamphetamine harms.ResultsFindings highlighted the importance of families in providing support to people using methamphetamine and in reducing associated harms, often without external support. The support provided encompassed practical, social, emotional, financial, access to services and maintaining cultural connection. Providing support took a toll on family and negatively impacted their own social and emotional wellbeing.Discussion and ConclusionsFirst Nations families play an important and under‐recognised role in reducing methamphetamine‐related harms and greater efforts are required to support them. Professional resources are needed to deal with impacts of methamphetamine on families; these should be pragmatic, accessible, targeted and culturally appropriate. Support for families and communities should be developed using the social and emotional wellbeing framework that recognises wellbeing and healing as intrinsically connected to holistic health, kinship, community, culture and ancestry, and socioeconomic and historical influences on peoples' lives.
High‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Agoons Dayawa D. , Musani Solomon K. , Correa Adolfo , Golden Sherita H. , Bertoni Alain G. , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsAccruing evidence suggests an association between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and incident diabetes. However, there is a paucity of data on the link between HDL‐C and diabetes, especially among African Americans (AAs). We aimed to assess the association of HDL‐C and its fractions with incident type 2 diabetes among AAs.MethodsWe included Jackson Heart Study participants who attended visit 1 (2001–2004), were free from diabetes and were not treated with lipid‐modifying medications. Incident diabetes was assessed at two subsequent‐yearly visits (2 and 3). We cross‐sectionally assessed the association of HDL‐C and insulin resistance (IR) using multivariable linear models. We prospectively assessed the association of HDL‐C and its fractions with incident diabetes using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsAmong 2829 participants (mean age: 51.9 ± 12.4 years, 63.9% female), 487 participants (17%) developed new‐onset diabetes, over a median follow‐up of 8 years. In adjusted models, a higher HDL‐C concentration was associated with a lower odds of IR (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increment: OR 0.56 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.50–0.63], p < 0.001). In adjusted models, a higher HDL‐C concentration was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (HR per SD increment: 0.78 [95% CI 0.71, 0.87], p < 0.001; HR for highest vs. the lowest tertile of HDL‐C was 0.56 [95% CI: 0.44, 0.71], p < 0.001).ConclusionIn a sample of African‐American adults not on any lipid‐modifying therapy, high HDL‐C concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of new‐onset diabetes. These findings suggest a strong link between HDL‐C metabolism and glucose regulation.