bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
46.14 Conjugated Diene Synthesis by Rearrangement of 1,3-Dienes to 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Mills M. D. , Clark J. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ubiquity of 1,3-dienes in natural products remains an inspiration for developing new reactions to access conjugated diene functionality, with controlled substitution at various positions within the diene. Isomerization of 1,3-dienes has emerged as a unique approach to access highly substituted 1,3-diene functionality in small organic molecules. This review covers classical and modern synthetic strategies to accomplish dienyl isomerization reactions, including the transition-metal-catalyzed and metal-free transformations of 1,3-dienes, to afford more stabilized and sometimes more highly substituted 1,3-diene functionality.
Collaboration in a ‘North–South’ Context: The Role of Power Relations and the Various Context-Based Conditions
Authors: Dannecker Petra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis response is focusing on the various power structures influencing research–practice–collaborations, transdisciplinary projects, and participation. It will be discussed how power asymmetries globally as well as locally influence and structure collaborations and participation between the involved actors and, thus, the expected transformative potential of the produced knowledge. Based on experiences and challenges encountered during a North–South capacity building project, it will be shown how funding schemes as well as the positionalities of the involved actors produce and reproduce historical, social, or cultural power structures which influence research–practice–collaborations. The main argument put forward is that instead of focusing in the current scientific as well as science-policy debates primarily on how research–practice–collaborations and/or participation could be improved ‘technically,’ the respective contexts and/or power structures and relations have to be considered and reflected in each phase of collaborative endeavors. This especially, but not exclusively, in the context of North–South collaborations.
Effect of uniaxial compressive stress with different orientations on the hole mobility of wurtzite GaN heterojunction quantum well
Authors: Liu Yaqun , Li Xiyue , Wang Everett , Zhang Gary , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2022

The influence of uniaxial compressive stress with different orientations to the current channel on the physical and transport properties of the wurtzite GaN heterojunction quantum well is investigated in this work. By using the six-band stress-dependent k × p Hamiltonian, accurate two-dimensional physical pictures are given for the quantized valence subband under the uniaxial compressive stress on the (0001) transport plane. The low-field hole mobility is obtained by the Kubo–Greenwood formula, taking the scattering rates for acoustic phonon, polar optical phonon, and surface roughness into account. Using these methods, the microscopic relationship between the orientation of uniaxial compressive stress and low-field hole mobility is obtained according to the variations of valence subband dispersion and hole effective mass. Results show that for temperatures around and above room temperature, the acoustic phonon scattering is predominant. We find that the mobility gain is mostly contributed from effective mass, and there is an increasing trend under uniaxial compressive stress with all orientations due to the effective mass reduction. For the same stress value, the mobility decreases monotonically as the stress orientation changes from 0° to 90° with respect to the current channel. At room temperature, the calculated low-field hole mobility is 182 cm2/V s under 8 GPa uniaxial compressive stress parallel to the current channel, with the hole density of 5.5 × 1013 cm−2 and the effective electric field of 0.93 MV/cm.
Selective targeting of metastatic ovarian cancer using an engineered anthrax prodrug activated by membrane-anchored serine proteases
Authors: Duru Nadire , Pawar Nisha R. , Martin Erik W. , Buzza Marguerite S. , Conway Gregory D. , Lapidus Rena G. , Liu Shihui , Reader Jocelyn , Rao Gautam G. , Roque Dana M. , Leppla Stephen H. , Antalis Toni M. 
Published: July 2022

Treatments for advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer remain a challenge due to a lack of potent, selective, and effective therapeutics. Here, we developed the basis for a transformative anticancer strategy based on anthrax toxin that has been engineered to be selectively activated by the catalytic power of zymogen-activating proteases on the surface of malignant tumor cells to induce cell death. Exposure to the engineered toxin is cytotoxic to ovarian tumor cell lines and ovarian tumor spheroids derived from patient ascites. Preclinical studies demonstrate that toxin treatment induces tumor regression in several in vivo ovarian cancer models, including patient-derived xenografts, without adverse side effects, supportive of progression toward clinical evaluation. These data lay the groundwork for developing therapeutics for treating women with late-stage and recurrent ovarian cancers, utilizing a mechanism distinct from current anticancer therapies.
Investigation on high quality ultra-wide band gap β-Ga2O3/AlN heterostructure grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Li Yifan , Zhang Yachao , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Tao , Xu Shengrui , Feng Lansheng , Feng Qian , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

β-Ga2O3 films were grown on AlN templates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and the properties of the β-Ga2O3/AlN heterostructures were investigated in detail. The β-Ga2O3/AlN heterostructure with abrupt interface was observed by the high resolution transmission electron microscope with high angle annular dark field. The refactor of the atoms at the interface is discussed. Moreover, the band structure of the MOCVD β-Ga2O3/AlN heterostructures was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conduction band and valence band offsets of β-Ga2O3/AlN heterostructure were calculated to be −1.44 eV ± 0.05 eV and −0.14 eV ± 0.05 eV, respectively.
Determination of the half-life of 184gRe and the isomeric ratio of 184m, gRe induced by D-T neutrons*
Authors: Lan Changlin , Wei Yuting , Wang Jiahao , Yang Xianlin , Jiang Gong , Ge Yujie , Xu Chao , Feng Li , Li Xiaojun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The isomeric ratio of 184m, gRe and the half-life of 184gRe were measured in the 185Re (n, 2n) 184Re reaction at 14.8 MeV, and the uncertainty was discussed in detail. The measurements were performed using the activation method implemented for a rhenium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). Isomeric state and ground state nuclei of 184Re were identified by their γ-ray spectra. To eliminate the effect of the γ-ray emitted from the isomer on the counting of the ground state characteristic peaks, the isomeric ratio of 184m, gRe was calculated to be 0.29 ± 0.11 according to the neutron activation cross-section formula. This result is consistent with previous data within the uncertainty and can be used to determine parameters that characterize the dependence of the level density on the excitation energy and angular momentum. Through exponential function fitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation, the half-life of 184gRe was determined as 35.43 ± 0.16 d, which is consistent with the currently recommended value; however, the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented. In addition, this study indicates that the half-life of the ground state can be obtained by eliminating the contamination of γ-rays emitted from the isomer, which provides the possibility of determining the half-lives of nuclides containing isomers.
Baseline hippocampal beta band power is lower in the presence of movement uncertainty
Authors: Gilbert Zachary D , Martin Del Campo-Vera Roberto , Tang Austin M , Chen Kuang-Hsuan , Sebastian Rinu , Shao Arthur , Tabarsi Emiliano , Chung Ryan S , Leonor Andrea , Sundaram Shivani , Heck Christi , Nune George , Liu Charles Y , Kellis Spencer , Lee Brian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed to characterize hippocampal neural signatures of uncertainty by measuring beta band power in the period prior to movement cue. Approach. Participants with epilepsy were implanted with hippocampal depth electrodes for stereo electroencephalographic (SEEG) monitoring. Hippocampal beta (13–30 Hz) power changes have been observed during motor tasks such as the direct reach (DR) and Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks. The primary difference between the tasks is the presence of uncertainty about whether movement should be executed. Previous research on cortical responses to uncertainty has found that baseline beta power changes with uncertainty. SEEG data were sampled throughout phases of the DR and GNG tasks. Beta-band power during the fixation phase was compared between the DR and GNG task using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. This unpaired test was also used to analyze response times from cue to task completion between tasks. Main results. Eight patients who performed both reaching tasks were analyzed in this study. Movement response times in the GNG task were on average 210 milliseconds slower than in the DR task. All patients exhibited a significantly increased response latency in the GNG task compared to the DR task (Wilcoxon rank-sum p-value < 0.001). Six out of eight patients demonstrated statistically significant differences in beta power in single hippocampal contacts between the fixation phases of the GNG and DR tasks. At the group level, baseline beta power was significantly lower in the GNG task than in the DR task (Wilcoxon rank-sum p-value < 0.001). Significance. This novel study found that, in the presence of task uncertainty, baseline beta power in the hippocampus is lower than in its absence. This finding implicates movement uncertainty as an important factor in baseline hippocampal beta power during movement preparation.
Fish scale inspired structures—a review of materials, manufacturing and models
Authors: Hossain Md Shahjahan , Ebrahimi Hossein , Ghosh Ranajay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fish scale inspired materials and structures can provide advanced mechanical properties and functionalities. These materials, inspired by fish scales, take the form of either composite materials or multi-material discrete exoskeleton type structures. Over the last decade they have been under intense scrutiny for generating tailorable and tunable stiffness, penetration and fracture resistance, buckling prevention, nonlinear damping, hydrodynamic and camouflaging functions. Such programmable behavior emerges from leveraging their unique morphology and structure–property relationships. Several advanced tools for characterization, manufacturing, modeling and computation have been employed to understand and discover their behavior. With the rapid proliferation of additive manufacturing techniques and advances in modeling and computational methods, this field is seeing renewed efforts to realize even more ambitious designs. In this paper we present a review and recapitulation of the state-of-the art of fish scale inspired materials.
Fluid dynamics, scaling laws and plesiosaur locomotion
Authors: Pourfarzan Ali , Henderson Donald M , Wong Jaime G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The evolutionary success of plesiosaurs has led to much attention regarding the dynamics of their locomotion. They exhibit identical tandem flippers, which is unique among all living and extinct species. However, these tandem flippers have been a source of debate regarding plesiosaurs’ locomotion and behavior. Here we propose a new approach to studying plesiosaur locomotion based on universal scaling laws in fluid dynamics, which were used to estimate reduced frequency to characterize unsteadiness of an airfoil. It was found that, while the reduced frequency of plesiosaurs with high-aspect ratio flippers is similar to that of sea turtles, the most commonly used living analog, lower aspect ratio plesiosaurs were more similar in reduced frequency to penguins. This implies that plesiosaurs may have had large variations in agility among themselves, depending in particular on the specimen’s flipper aspect ratio. While our results are consistent with the previous literature indicating a relationship between plesiosaur neck length and agility, our work supports broad and diverse analogies to living animals. Moreover, based on our results, cruising reduced frequency has some predictive value into manoeuvring behavior, rather than simply cruising behavior.
North Eurasian thermal comfort indices dataset (NETCID): new gridded database for the biometeorological studies
Authors: Konstantinov P I , Varentsov M I , Shartova N V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Global climate changes give us the important task of obtaining information about the spatial distribution of bioclimatic comfort indicators at the global or continental level. One of the most applicable tools can be based on reanalysis data (meteorological gridded data with global coverage). This issue is fully relevant for the territory of Northern Eurasia with its diverse climates, rapid environmental changes, and often sparse network of in situ observations. In this paper, we present a conceptually new dataset for the most popular thermal comfort indices, namely heat index (HI), humidex (HUM), wind chill temperature, mean radiant temperature, physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis hourly data for the territory of Northern Eurasia (the area limited by 40° N–80° N, 10° W–170° W). The dataset has horizontal resolution of 0.75° × 0.75° (up to 79 km), temporal resolution of 3 h, and covers the period from 1979 to 2018 (40 years), which corresponds to the standard of the World Meteorological Organization in determining the parameters of the modern climate. Time series of indices are supplemented with a set of 8092 pre-calculated statistical parameters characterizing climatology of the thermal stress conditions. We further present several examples of the North Eurasian Thermal Comfort Indices Dataset (NETCID) data application, including analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of thermal stress conditions, assessment of their changes and analysis of specific extreme events. Presented examples demonstrate a pronounced difference between considered indices and highlight the need of their accurate selection for applied tasks. In particular, for the whole study areas HI and HUM indices show much smaller thermal stress repeatability and weaker trends of its changes in comparison to PET and UTCI indices. NETCID is available for free download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12629861.
Electrical, magnetic and microwave absorption properties of multiferroic NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Lam Dao Son , Tung Nguyen Ngoc , Dung Dang Duc , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Lam Vu Dinh , Thanh Tran Dang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multiferroic nanocomposites of xNiFe2O4/(1-x)BaTiO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) (denoted as NFO-BTO) with the particle size about of 70 nm were prepared by the high energy mechanical milling combined with the thermal annealing methods. The x-ray diffraction patterns show a presence of NiFe2O4 (NFO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) phases. The values of the characteristic parameters of nanocomposites such as the coercive field (E
c), the residual polarization (P
r), the remanent magnetization (M
r), the saturation magnetization (M
s), and the coercive force (H
c) increase gradually with an increase in NFO concentration. For an applied electric field below 10 kV cm−1, the values P
r and E
c are found to be 0.004–0.038 μC cm−2 and 0.7–2.0 kV cm−1, corresponding x = 0.1–0.4, respectively. Changes in electrical and magnetic properties of composites depend heavily on the NFO content, which will be studied specifically. Additionally, the ability to absorb microwave at room temperature of a representative sample with x = 0.3 mixed in acrylic paint (denoted as NFO-BTO-AP) in a frequency range of f = 12–18 GHz has also been investigated. It shows a large negative reflection loss (RL) with RL = −39.8 dB occurring at around 16.8 GHz corresponding to the absorptivity of over 99.9% for an absorbing layer with thickness of 5.5 mm. This suggests that NFO-BTO nanocomposites could be considered as a potential material in the field of absorbing and shielding electromagnetic waves.
Inheritance factor on the physical properties in metallic glasses
Authors: Yang Weiming , Li Jiawei , Li Hongyang , Liu Haishun , Mo Jinyong , Lan Si , Li Maozhi , Wang Xun-Li , Eckert Jürgen , Huo Juntao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Material genetic engineering can significantly accelerate the development of new materials. As an important topic in material science and condensed matter physics, the development of metallic glasses (MGs) with specific properties has largely been the result of trial and error since their discovery in 1960. Yet, property design based on the physical parameters of constituent elements of MGs remains a huge challenge owing to the lack of an understanding of the property inheritance from constitute elements to the resultant alloys. In this work, we report the inherent relationships of the yield strength σ
y, Young’s modulus E, and shear Modulus G with the valence electron density. More importantly, we reveal that the electronic density of states (EDOSs) at the Fermi surface (E
F) is an inheritance factor for the physical properties of MGs. The physical properties of MGs are inherited from the specific element with the largest coefficient of electronic specific heat (γi
), which dominates the value of the EDOS at E
F. This work not only contributes to the understanding of property inheritances but also guides the design of novel MGs with specific properties based on material genetic engineering.
Insect Floral Visitors of Ptelea trifoliata (Rutaceae) in Iowa, United States
Authors: Talcott Stewart A J , O’Neal M E , Graves W R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ptelea trifoliata L., is a North American tree that supports insect communities through floral rewards. Our objectives were to determine the importance of insects as pollinators of P. trifoliata; describe the community of floral visiting insects of P. trifoliata in Iowa, where no such information was available; and to note insect preferences for male or female flowers. Over two years, inflorescences on 13 trees were covered with mesh bags before blooming and the amount of fruit produced was compared to uncovered inflorescences from the same trees. In one year, insects were collected from male and female trees with an insect vacuum every 3 h between 7 am and 7 pm from four sites in Iowa, USA between 30 May and 16 June 2020. In 2019 and 2020, almost no fruit set occurred from inflorescences covered with mesh bags while an average of 51.2 fruits formed on unbagged inflorescences (P &lt; 0.0001), suggesting insects larger than the 600 μm pore diameters mesh were responsible for pollination of P. trifoliata. Insects from five orders, 49 families, and at least 109 species were collected. Most insects were Hymentoptera (48.3%) or Diptera (28.2%). Male flowers attracted 62.3% of all insects collected. Since most of the insects found visiting P. trifoliata were not bees, the floral rewards of the flowers may be a valuable resource for a wide variety of insects in the central United States.
Whalebone, Hoop Skirts, Corsets, Pants Roles: Women and the Melville Effect in Contemporary Art
Authors: Boone Joseph Allen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The past two and a half decades have witnessed an explosion of savvy, edgy, creative work inspired by Melville. This “Melville effect,” occurring across multiple genres and media and often in mixed-media formats, is characterized by an aesthetics of hybridity and pastiche that recalls Melville’s own stylistic and formal innovations. Fascinatingly, many of the most intriguing examples of this effect make the presence of women central to their engagements with the heady “masculinity” associated with Melville’s nearly all-male worlds. Indeed, the material and metaphorical links between whaling as an industry and the female body as a site of consumption—hinging on the historical use of whalebone or baleen in the manufacture of hoop skirts and corsets—form the point of entry for artists T. L. Solien, Ellen Driscoll, and Rinde Eckert, whose bold reenvisionings of Moby-Dick, at once postmodern and feminist, form the subject matter of this essay.Moving the women so often absent in Melville to the forefront is one productive point of entry for such contemporary efforts, and it is an approach that Solien, Driscoll, and Eckert—in their different but complementary ways—exemplify at its best.
Will deeper roots be enough? Engineering drought-resistant crops will entail in-depth understanding of root hydraulic architecture. A Commentary on ‘Root and xylem anatomy varies with root length, root order, soil depth and environment’
Authors: Pierret Alain 
Published: July 2022

This article comments on:
Corentin Clément, Hannah M. Schneider, Dorte Bodin Dresbøll, Jonathan P. Lynch and Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, Root and xylem anatomy varies with root length, root order, soil depth and environment in intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza®) and alfalfa, Annals of Botany, Volume 130, Issue 3, 1 September 2022, Pages 367–382 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac058
PCN-Miner: an open-source extensible tool for the analysis of Protein Contact Networks
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Di Paola Luisa , Giuliani Alessandro , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationProtein Contact Network (PCN) is a powerful method for analysing the structure and function of proteins, with a specific focus on disclosing the molecular features of allosteric regulation through the discovery of modular substructures. The importance of PCN analysis has been shown in many contexts, such as the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its complexes with the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) human receptors. Even if there exist many software tools implementing such methods, there is a growing need for the introduction of tools integrating existing approaches.ResultsWe present PCN-Miner, a software tool implemented in the Python programming language, able to (i) import protein structures from the Protein Data Bank; (ii) generate the corresponding PCN; (iii) model, analyse and visualize PCNs and related protein structures by using a set of known algorithms and metrics. The PCN-Miner can cover a large set of applications: from clustering to embedding and subsequent analysis.Availability and implementationThe PCN-Miner tool is freely available at the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/hguzzi/ProteinContactNetworks. It is also available in the Python Package Index (PyPI) repository.