bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of increasing environmental stress in bumblebee wings over the past century: Insights from museum specimens
Authors: Arce Andres N. , Cantwell‐Jones Aoife , Tansley Michael , Barnes Ian , Brace Selina , Mullin Victoria E. , Notton David , Ollerton Jeff , Eatough Emma , Rhodes Marcus W. , Bian Xueni , Hogan James , Hunter Tony , Jackson Simon , Whiffin Ashleigh , Blagoderov Vladimir , Broad Gavin , Judd Steve , Kokkini Phaedra , Livermore Laurence , Dixit Mahika K. , Pearse William D. , Gill Richard J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Determining when animal populations have experienced stress in the past is fundamental to understanding how risk factors drive contemporary and future species' responses to environmental change. For insects, quantifying stress and associating it with environmental factors has been challenging due to a paucity of time‐series data and because detectable population‐level responses can show varying lag effects. One solution is to leverage historic entomological specimens to detect morphological proxies of stress experienced at the time stressors emerged, allowing us to more accurately determine population responses.

Here we studied specimens of four bumblebee species, an invaluable group of insect pollinators, from five museums collected across Britain over the 20th century. We calculated the degree of fluctuating asymmetry (FA; random deviations from bilateral symmetry) between the right and left forewings as a potential proxy of developmental stress.

We: (a) investigated whether baseline FA levels vary between species, and how this compares between the first and second half of the century; (b) determined the extent of FA change over the century in the four bumblebee species, and whether this followed a linear or nonlinear trend; (c) tested which annual climatic conditions correlated with increased FA in bumblebees.

Species differed in their baseline FA, with FA being higher in the two species that have recently expanded their ranges in Britain. Overall, FA significantly increased over the century but followed a nonlinear trend, with the increase starting c. 1925. We found relatively warm and wet years were associated with higher FA.

Collectively our findings show that FA in bumblebees increased over the 20th century and under weather conditions that will likely increase in frequency with climate change. By plotting FA trends and quantifying the contribution of annual climate conditions on past populations, we provide an important step towards improving our understanding of how environmental factors could impact future populations of wild beneficial insects.
Rop plays conserved roles in the reproductive and digestive processes of spider mites
Authors: Xia Xue , Peng Chang‐Wu , Ye Qing‐Tong , Bing Xiao‐Li , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRas opposite (Rop) is known to play an essential role in regulating vesicle trafficking, including synaptic transmission and general secretion. The fundamental roles of Rop have been confirmed by the observation that null mutations in many organisms generate lethal phenotypes during embryogenesis. However, the effects of Rop during the postembryonic stages, especially in non‐model organisms, remain largely unknown. Here, we provide new data that enhance our understanding of Rop's roles in the adults of multiple species of Tetranychus spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), a class of notorious agricultural pests. Our in silico and experimental evidence demonstrated that Rop is under purifying selection and is highly conserved in Tetranychus spp. RNA interference experiments showed that Rop is required for maintaining normal fecundity but has no significant effect on survival. We further demonstrate that knockdown of Rop darkens the body color of spider mites and blocks the excretion of fecal pellets, which is likely to be related to an abnormality in the excretion of food waste in the digestive system. Overall, our findings clarify novel functions of a vesicle trafficking‐related gene in the adult stage of multiple Tetranychus species and highlight the need to evaluate the roles of essential genes in various organisms.
Analysis of the following effect of the natural enemies with Frankliniella intonsa in tea garden
Authors: Cheng Honghao , Chen Shiyan , Wu Xiaomeng , Xu Yue , Zhang Lin , Sun Jiazhao , Zhou Xiazhi , Zou Yunding , Bi Shoudong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to reasonably protect and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of Frankliniella intonsa, a systematic investigation was conducted on F. intonsa and natural enemies in tea gardens in Hefei, Anhui Province, and the spatial following effect of natural enemies on F. intonsa was studied. The semi‐variogram of natural enemies and thrips was obtained by the geostatistics method, and the correlation degree between them was analyzed by the grey correlation degree analysis method. The higher the correlation degree between natural enemies and F. intonsa, the closer the relationship between natural enemies and F. intonsa was. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 11 natural enemies of F. intonsa in tea gardens from October 28, 2020 to November 20, 2020 and from August 22, 2021 to November 19, 2021. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Huangshan Dayezhong tea garden are Oxyopes sertatus, Theridion octomaculatum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus and Erigonidium graminicolum. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Pingyang Tezao tea garden are Erigonidium graminicolum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus, Oxyopes sertatus and Clubiona japonicola. Among the top five natural enemies in the two tea gardens, those in common are Oxyopes sertatus, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Plexippus setipes. According to the summation of the closeness index and the sum of the serial numbers, the top five natural enemies closely related to the spatial following of F. intonsa in the tea gardens were Oxyopes sertatus, Plexippus setipes, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Theridion octomaculatum. One of the factors closely related to the space of F. intonsa in the same tea garden was the ratio of F. intonsa to a certain natural enemy. The smaller the ratio was, the closer the following relationship was. The results of this study provide scientific basis for biological control and natural enemy protection of F. intonsa.
Does consumer demand pull scientifically novel drug innovation?
Authors: Dranove David , Garthwaite Craig , Hermosilla Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior literature shows that stronger consumer demand leads to increased pharmaceutical R&D. However, how strong these “demand‐pull” effects are for more scientifically novel drug innovation remains unknown. We address this question using comprehensive clinical trial data that include precise characterizations of the scientific approaches used in tested molecules. We characterize scientific novelty as the number of times each approach has been used in the past. Exploiting exogenous demand variation introduced by the introduction of Medicare Part D, we find strong evidence that demand‐pull effects are markedly skewed in favor of non‐novel or “follow‐on” drug R&D.
Chilean blind spots in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research
Authors: Marín César , Rubio Javiera , Godoy Roberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil harbour up to a quarter of the world's biodiversity, substantially contributing to many ecosystem functions and processes. It is significantly important to identify the distribution patterns of soil organisms and their ecosystem functions, to support their conservation efforts and to build policy around them. This has been recently analysed at macroecological scales, but analyses at national or local scales are scarce. Here, we identify and analyse the blind spots in soil taxa and ecosystem functions data in continental Chile. A Web of Science search (1945–2020) was conducted focusing on ten soil taxa and four ecosystem functions (nutrient cycling, decomposition, water infiltration and soil respiration). A total of 741 sampling sites were obtained from 239 articles: in 49.25% of these sites, soil biodiversity was studied alone, while this percentage was 32.65% for ecosystem functions. In 18.10% of the sites, both soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions were jointly studied, a surprisingly high percentage compared to global‐scale studies. By far, bacteria/fungi and nutrient cycling were the most investigated taxa and function, respectively. Several soil taxa (Acari, Collembola, Nematoda, Formicoidea, Protista, Rotifera) were represented by just a few sampling sites concentrated in specific Chilean regions. Places like the central region (Metropolitan and Valparaíso administrative Regions), the Atacama Desert (north of the country) and the Valdivian temperate forests (La Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos administrative Regions) present the majority of studies on soil Fungi, Bacteria and nutrient cycling, reflecting the historical interests of well‐established research groups. Based on this research, we are identifying the causes of the data blind spots and inviting the Chilean soil ecology community to propose ideas on how to fill them, especially targeting less studied soil taxa and ecosystem functions in neglected regions of Chile.
Effective treatment of refractory lichen planus pemphigoides with a Janus kinase-1/2 inhibitor
Authors: Moussa Anthony , Colla Themis Getsos , Asfour Leila , Bhoyrul Bevin , Sinclair Rodney D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lichen planus pemphigoides is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease clinically and histopathologically characterized by features of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. We describe a case of refractory lichen planus pemphigoides successfully treated with the selective and reversible Janus kinase-1/2 inhibitor, baricitinib.
Dupilumab for treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Xia RuiYuan , Liu Jian , Su Ting , Xia JiPing , Yin ZhiQiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of dupilumab in treating eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). Our case supports that Type 2 innate immunity might be related to EF and that T helper 2 cytokines play important roles in EF.
A novice's guide to qualitative health professions education research
Authors: Finn Gabrielle M. , Dueñas Angelique N. , Kehoe Amelia , Brown Megan E. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Qualitative research has long been considered the poor cousin to quantitative research. However, recently it has gained more prominence and respect, particularly within health professions education. This article aims to introduce the novice researcher to the fundamental principles of qualitative research. The objectives were (i) to understand the features of, and rationale for conducting, qualitative research, and (ii) to differentiate between the most common forms of qualitative research. In this review, we introduce the basic features of qualitative research, and describe the rationale for conducting such research. We guide researchers on how to differentiate between the most common forms of qualitative research and to take the time to acquaint themselves with research paradigms, the philosophical positions that guide how research is conducted and interpreted, before selecting the best methodology and methods. Qualitative research is rigorous, and offers deeper understanding of human experiences, context and social phenomena. We demonstrate the key considerations when selecting an appropriate methodology, ensuring that the research aim aligns with the purpose of any given methodology. The power of qualitative research should not be underestimated, but power only comes from well conducted, rigorous research. Qualitative research is not quick or easy but it has much to offer.
Facial dermatoses induced by face masks: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Justin Lim Yi Shen , Yew Yik Weng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of masks for infection control was common in the COVID‐19 pandemic. As numerous cross‐sectional studies have suggested a link between the use of such masks and various facial dermatoses, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies was conducted to evaluate this association, as well as potential risk factors for the development of such facial dermatoses. Observational studies were searched for in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register. Thirty‐seven observational studies with a total of 29 557 study participants were identified. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and quality was assessed via the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale., Overall prevalence of facial dermatoses was 55%. Individually, acne, facial dermatitis, itch and pressure injuries were consistently reported as facial dermatoses, with a pooled prevalence of 31%, 24%, 30% and 31%, respectively. Duration of mask‐wear was the most significant risk factor for the development of facial dermatoses (95% CI: 1.31–1.54, p < 0.001). Overall, facial dermatoses associated with mask wear are common, and consist of distinct entities. They are related to duration of use. Appropriate and tailored treatment is important to improve the outcomes for these affected patients.
Attitudes and behaviors for understanding compliance in Greenland's Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishery
Authors: Snyder Hunter T. , Oyanedel Rodrigo , Sneddon Christopher S. , Scheld Andrew M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNoncompliance is a central challenge for conservation, but in settings with limited access to behavioral data, it can be difficult to evaluate what drives compliance. Conservationists can measure and evaluate resource users' attitudes, and in so doing, leverage a complementary, nonbehavioral measure for evaluating compliance. In Greenland, wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishers are under increasing regulatory pressure to report salmon catch because the majority of North Atlantic salmon stocks are classified as suffering. The objective of this study is to measure salmon catch reporting compliance, reporting behavior, and attitudes toward Greenland's salmon management. We surveyed Greenland's licensed salmon fishers, used an unmatched count technique to estimate the incidence of underreporting salmon catch, and linked salmon fishers' actual catch reports to their survey responses. In 2019, more than 84% of salmon fishers reported their catch and demonstrating high levels of compliance. We also found that salmon fishers did not indicate strong instrumental motivations for reporting, but exhibited moral obligations and normative, legitimacy‐based motivations to report catch. Salmon fishers found regulations to be fair, and that regulatory authorities were professional and acted honestly. Catch underreporting was also remarkably low, with 90–94% of respondents stating that they report all their catch. Joining together individuals' attitudinal and behavioral responses to conservation rules illustrates the benefits and limitations of expanding actor‐based theories of compliance. This case of already high levels of compliance offers empirical evidence for further improving fisheries compliance, and it also illustrates the limitations that fishery managers face when conserving a highly migratory species.
Evaluation of quality of diabetic foot examination on YouTube
Authors: Almaqhawi Abdullah , Highton Patrick , Narasimhan Mukund , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Seidu Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionFoot ulcers and amputations are common conditions in people with diabetes and can considerably impact quality of life, necessitate a lengthy hospital stay and increase mortality. Preventative foot care and examination can prevent or delay ulceration, and individuals may seek information from publicly available social media resources such as YouTube. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational quality and reliability of publicly available YouTube videos on diabetes foot examinations.MethodA YouTube search for “diabetic foot examination” was conducted, and the first 100 relevant English videos focused on examining the diabetic foot were included for evaluation. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) standards were used to measure video reliability. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the Diabetes UK Annual Foot Check (DUK‐C) checklist were used to assess video educational quality. Differences in JAMA, GQS, and DUK‐C ratings were analysed after videos were sorted by topic and source.ResultsThe mean number of views per video was 101,311.9 ± 348,383.6, and the mean video power index was 41.6 ± 170.0. The most common upload source was from physicians (28%) and, the most popular material category was diabetes foot examination (58 videos). In terms of video reliability, 36% of videos scored 0. According to the GQS standards, only 5% of the videos are of excellent quality, while 34% are of poor quality, with 24 videos scoring between 0 and 1 on the DUK‐C scale.ConclusionWhile foot care examination videos have a substantial audience, the majority are considered low in quality and reliability. Videos on comprehensive diabetic foot examination should be accessed on reputable sources that guarantee standardisations of video quality and take into account the simplification of information transmission in order to reach lay audiences.
Prognostic significance of left atrial strain in sarcomere gene variant carriers without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huurman Roy , Bowen Daniel J. , Mutluer Ferit O. , Loff Barreto Bernardo , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A. , Verhagen Judith M. A. , Hirsch Alexander , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Michels Michelle , Schinkel Arend F. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing of relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients has led to a large group of genotype‐positive, phenotype‐negative (G+/Ph−) subjects. Prediction of progression to overt HCM in these subjects is challenging. While left atrial (LA) strain is reduced in HCM patients it is currently unknown whether this parameter can be used to predict HCM phenotype progression.MethodsThis study includes 91 G+/Ph− subjects and 115 controls. Standard echocardiographic parameters as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and LA reservoir strain (LASr) were assessed for each patient. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to investigate predictors of G+/Ph− status and HCM during follow‐up.ResultsIndependent predictors of G+ status included pathological Q waves (OR 1.60 [1.15–2.23], p < .01), maximal wall thickness (MWT: OR 1.10 [1.07–1.14], p < .001), mitral inflow E wave (OR 1.06 [1.02–1.10, p = .001), A wave (OR 1.06 [1.03–1.10], p < .001), LV GLS (OR .96 [.94–.98], p < .001), and LASr (OR .99 [.97–.99], p = .03). In univariable Cox regression analysis, male sex (HR 2.78 [1.06–7.29], p = .04), MWT (HR 1.72 [1.14–2.57], p = .009) and posterior wall thickness (HR 1.65 [1.17–2.30], p = .004) predicted HCM during a median follow‐up of 5.9 [3.2–8.6] years, whereas LASr did not (HR .95 [.89–1.02], p = .14). There were no significant predictors of HCM after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionLASr is significantly impaired in G+/Ph− subjects and is an independent predictor of G+/Ph− status, but did not predict HCM development during follow‐up.
When the going gets tough, the tough get going: Effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird's life history
Authors: Jenouvrier Stéphanie , Aubry Lise , van Daalen Silke , Barbraud Christophe , Weimerskirch Henri , Caswell Hal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due to individual stochasticity, that is to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understand natural variability. Interindividual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favourable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.
Company name fluency and acquisition target analysis
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Yu , Huang Chia‐Wei , Lin Chih‐Yen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of company name fluency on acquisitions. We hypothesize that a company's name fluency, used by potential acquirers as a mental shortcut, influences not only its visibility to investors but also the level of interest from potential acquirers, increasing the company's acquisition probability. After correcting for endogeneity, company name fluency is positively associated with both the probability of being an acquisition target and an acquisition premium. Reasons for a higher acquisition premium for targets with higher name fluency are identified as reduced need to hire top‐tier investment banks and higher synergy.
Climate driven disruption of transitional alpine bumble bee communities
Authors: Miller‐Struttmann Nicole , Miller Zachary , Galen Candace 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPollinators at high elevations face multiple threats from climate change including heat stress, failure to phenological match advancing flower resources and competitive pressure from range‐expanding species of lower elevations. We conducted long‐term multi‐site surveys of alpine bumble bees to determine how phenology of range‐stable and range‐expanding species is responding to climate change. We ask whether bumble bee responses generate mismatches with floral resources, and whether these mismatches in turn promote community disruption and potential species replacement. In alpine environments of the central Rocky Mountains, range‐stable and range‐expanding bumble bees exhibit phenological mismatches with flowering host plants due to earlier flowering of preferred resources under warmer spring temperatures. However, workers of range‐stable species are more canalised in their foraging schedules, exploiting a relatively narrow portion of the flowering season. Specifically, range‐stable species show less variance in phenology in response to temporally and spatially changing conditions than range‐expanding ones. Because flowering duration drives the seasonal abundance of floral resources at the landscape scale, we hypothesize that canalisation of phenology in alpine bumble bees could reduce their access to earlier or later season flowers. Warmer conditions are decreasing abundances of range‐stable alpine bumble bees above the timberline, increasing abundance of range‐expanding species, and facilitating a novel and more species‐diverse bumble bee community. However, this trend is not explained by greater phenological mismatch of range‐stable bees. Results suggest that conversion of historic habitats for cold‐adapted alpine bumble bee species into refugia for more heat‐tolerant congeners is disrupting bumble bee communities at high elevations, though the precise mechanisms accounting for these changes are not yet known. If warming continues, we predict that the transient increase in diversity due to colonization by historically low‐elevation species will likely give way to declines of alpine bumble bees in the central Rocky Mountains.