bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fronts and Cyclones Associated with Changes in the Total and Extreme Precipitation over China
Authors: Wu Xinxin , Tan Xuezhi , Liu Bingjun , Chen Han , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Precipitation in China is controlled by a combination of multiple weather systems and is susceptible to their spatiotemporal variability under climate warming. Based on the daily precipitation dataset developed by the China Meteorological Administration and ERA5 6-hourly data from 1979 to 2018, we detected tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, and fronts affecting mainland China of an altitude less than 1500 m using objective methods and identified their individually associated precipitation. We quantified climatological characteristics of precipitation associated with these three meteorological causes and their proportion of precipitation totals, and evaluated their relative contribution to change in precipitation. Results show that precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCP), extratropical cyclones (ETCP), and fronts (FRTP) accounted for 3.0%, 21.2%, and 20.4% of the total precipitation in China, and constituted the largest percentage in August, June, and January, respectively. The total proportion of these three types of precipitation exceeded 50% in more than 55% of China’s regions. The high-value regions of corresponding precipitation were directly related to the locations of frequent occurrences of these weather systems. TCP and FRTP increased over the past four decades, while ETCP decreased. The western part of Northeast China and the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River show precipitation decreases, 37.8% of which is contributed by ETCP decreases. Precipitation increased in most regions of China during the dry season, 34.1% of which is contributed by FRTP increases. Among them, Northeast (Northwest) China significantly increased it precipitation by 14.4% decade−1 (21.8% decade−1), 33.6% (51.3%) of which is contributed by FRTP increases.
Contribution of Ural and Kamchatka Blockings to the Amplified Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia Pattern under Arctic Sea Ice Loss and Eurasian Cooling
Authors: Kim Seon-Hwa , Sung Hyun-Joon , Kim Seong-Joong , Baek Eun-Hyuk , Moon Ja-Yeon , Kim Baek-Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that sea ice loss over the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) in early winter intensifies surface warming and favors more frequent Ural blocking (UB). Using three different blocking detection methods based on reanalysis and model simulation, we find that the increased occurrences of UB and Kamchatka blocking (KB) over Eurasia are concurrent with both the sea ice loss over the BKS and Eurasian cooling, emphasizing the synergic conditions of sea ice and atmospheric internal variability in facilitating the frequent blocking events. Under the sea ice loss and Eurasian cooling conditions, the KB manifests the strongest surface cold anomaly over northern Eurasia. In contrast, the UB shows either a robust or slightly stronger cold anomaly over Eurasia depending on the conditions above. Consequently, the surface impacts of two regional blockings given the combined conditions of BKS sea ice loss and Eurasian cooling contribute the most to the amplified dipole pattern of Eurasian surface air temperature (SAT). The enhanced dipole pattern shows distinct similarities to the warm Arctic and cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern, previously defined as the second principal mode of winter SAT variability over Eurasia. This implies the role of sea ice loss in reinforcing the internal variability of Eurasian SAT via multiple blocking activities, triggering cold extremes toward Eurasia. Climate simulations with Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) can reproduce the observed linkage among sea ice, blocking, and the WACE pattern.
Weakly Nonlinear Ekman Pumping in the Sri Lanka Dome and Southwest Monsoon Current
Authors: Cullen Kerstin , Shroyer Emily , O’Neill Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sri Lanka Dome is a cyclonic recirculation feature in the Southwest Monsoon Current system in the southern Bay of Bengal. Cooler sea surface temperature (SST) in the vicinity of this system is often denoted as the Bay of Bengal “Cold Pool.” Although the wind shadow of Sri Lanka creates a region of strong positive wind stress curl, both sea level height dynamics and the distribution of cool SST cannot be explained by wind stress curl alone via traditional Ekman pumping. Moreover, the Cold Pool region is often aligned with the eastern portion of the Sri Lanka Dome, as defined by sea surface height. Previous work has attributed the spatial SST pattern to lateral advection. In this analysis, we explore whether low-latitude weakly nonlinear “vorticity” Ekman pumping could be an explanation for both cooling and observed changes in sea level height in the southwest Bay of Bengal. We show that weakly nonlinear upwelling, calculated from ERA5 and AVISO geostrophic currents, collocates with changes in sea level height (and presumably isopycnals). While the SST signal is sensitive to several factors including the net surface flux, regional upwelling explains changes in AVISO sea level height if the nonlinear terms are included, in both the Sri Lanka Dome and the region of the Southwest Monsoon Current.
Evaluation of Surface Conditions from Operational Forecasts Using in situ Saildrone Observations in the Pacific Arctic
Authors: Zhang Chidong , Levine Aaron F. , Wang Muyin , Gentemann Chelle , Mordy Calvin W. , Cokelet Edward D. , Browne Philip A. , Yang Qiong , Lawrence-Slavas Noah , Meinig Christian , Smith Gregory , Chiodi Andy , Zhang Dongxiao , Stabeno Phyllis , Wang Wanqiu , Ren Hongli , Peterson K. Andrew , Figueroa Silvio N. , Steele Michael , Barton Neil P. , Huang Andrew , Shin Hyun-Cheol 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Observations from uncrewed surface vehicles (saildrones) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas during June – September 2019 were used to evaluate initial conditions and forecasts with lead times up to 10 days produced by eight operational numerical weather prediction centers. Prediction error behaviors in pressure and wind are found to be different from those in temperature and humidity. For example, errors in surface pressure were small in short-range (<6 days) forecasts, but they grew rapidly with increasing lead time beyond 6 days. Non-weighted multi-model means outperformed all individual models approaching a 10-day forecast lead time. In contrast, errors in surface air temperature and relative humidity could be large in initial conditions and remained large through 10-day forecasts without much growth, and non-weighted multi-model means did not outperform all individual models. These results following the tracks of the mobile platforms are consistent with those at a fixed location. Large errors in initial condition of sea surface temperature (SST) resulted in part from the unusual Arctic surface warming in 2019 not captured by data assimilation systems used for model initialization. These errors in SST led to large initial and prediction errors in surface air temperature. Our results suggest that improving predictions of surface conditions over the Arctic Ocean requires enhanced in situ observations and better data assimilation capability for more accurate initial conditions as well as better model physics. Numerical predictions of Arctic atmospheric conditions may continue to suffer from large errors if they do not fully capture the large SST anomalies related to Arctic warming.
Exploring Hourly Updating Probabilistic Guidance in the 2021 Spring Forecasting Experiment with Objective and Subjective Verification
Authors: Wade Andrew R. , Jirak Israel L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study explored how forecasters can best use the two main forms of operational convection-allowing model guidance: the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast (HREF) system and the hourly High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR). The former represents a wider range of possible outcomes, but the latter updates much more frequently and incorporates newer observations. HREF and time-lagged High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR-TL) probabilistic forecasts of reflectivity and updraft helicity, as well as two methods of combining HREF and HRRR into hourly updating blended guidance, were evaluated for the 2021 Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) period. In both objective skill and the subjective ratings of SFE participants, the 1200 UTC HREF proved difficult to outperform over this sample of events, even when incorporating HRRR initializations as late as 1800 UTC. It was usually better to use either of the experimental blending techniques than to simply discard the older HREF in favor of newer HRRR solutions. The greater model diversity and dispersion of solutions within the HREF is likely primarily responsible for this result. A possible bias in diurnal convection initiation timing and coverage in the newly upgraded HRRRv4 was also investigated, including on subdomains targeted to weakly forced diurnal initiation, and was found to have little or no systematic effect on HRRRv4’s operational utility.
Differences in Efficiency in the Formal–Informal Dichotomy—A Study of Indian Firms
Authors: Kumari Ruchi 
Published: March 2022

The unorganised manufacturing industries play a vital role in the process of industrial development of the Indian economy. Informal firms are relatively less productive than formal firms, because a majority of the firms are technically inefficient, producing far below the actual attainable level of production. This article examines differences in efficiency and output between formal and informal production firms across India’s manufacturing industries. The key novelty in this article is in studying both the formal and informal sectors simultaneously by applying the technique of Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to determine efficiency differences across the sectors. The results suggest that capital is a positive and the most significant determinant of the output of efficient industries. Output gaps can be explained by coefficient, endowment and interaction aspects of capital and capital productivity, while efficiency differences are explained by coefficient and interaction characteristics of emoluments and capital productivity. The results of density plots show that informal firms are no longer functioning as a pool of surplus labour in the context of Indian manufacturing industries during these years. The results dispel the notion that the informal sector is a poor performer in terms of total output compared to the formal sector. Also, capital and capital productivity are less in informal manufacturing industries than in the formal sector. JEL Codes: E26, J46, O14, O17
Enhanced visualization of mobile chest X-ray images in the intensive care setting using software scatter correction
Authors: Targett Harry , Hutchinson Dominic , Hartley Richard , McWilliam Richard , Lopez Ben , Crone Ben , Bonner Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Background Mobile chest X-ray (CXR) scans are performed within intensive treatment units (ITU) without anti-scatter grids for confirming tube and line hardware placement. Assessment is therefore challenging due to degraded subject contrast resulting from scatter. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a software scatter correction method (commercially named Trueview) for enhanced hardware visualization and diagnostic quality in the ITU setting. Material and Methods A total of 30 CXR scans were processed using Trueview and compared with standard original equipment manufacturer (OEM) images via observer scoring study involving two radiology and four ITU doctors to compare visualization of tubes and lines. Results were analyzed to determine observer preference and likelihood of diagnostic quality. Results Reviewers were more likely to score Trueview higher than OEM for mediastinal structures, bones, retrocardiac region, tube visibility, and tube safety ( P  < 0 .01). Visual grading characteristic analysis suggested a clinical preference for Trueview compared with OEM for mediastinal structures (area under the visual grading characteristic curve [AUCVGC] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–0.65), bones (AUCVGC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.55–0.66), retrocardiac region (AUCVGC = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.59–0.69), tube visibility (AUCVGC = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.60–0.70), and tube safety (AUCVGC = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.64–0.73). Reviewers were indifferent to visualization of the lung fields (AUCVGC = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.44–0.55). Registrars (3/6 reviewers) were indifferent to the mediastinal structure regions (AUCVGC = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.47–0.62). Conclusion Reviewers were more confident in identifying the placement and safety of tubes and lines when reviewing Trueview images than they were when reviewing OEM.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Knee Joint Line Obliquity After Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Hiramatsu Kunihiko , Yamada Yuzo , Nakamura Norimasa , Mitsuoka Tomoki 
Published: March 2022

Background: There are still few reports on factors associated with postoperative knee joint line obliquity (KJLO). Purpose: The purpose was to determine preoperative radiographic factors that are associated with KJLO postoperatively after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) using multivariable linear regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 60 patients with 65 varus knees who underwent OWHTO between December 2012 and June 2018 at a single institution were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The authors evaluated radiologic parameters including the weightbearing line ratio, femorotibial angle, medial proximal tibial angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), lateral distal tibial angle, joint line convergence angle (JLCA), KJLO, and ankle joint obliquity. They also categorized these radiographic parameters as preoperative and postoperative and calculated the difference (Δ) between preoperative and postoperative values. To determine which of the radiographic parameters were most associated with postoperative KJLO, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed using the stepwise method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relative contribution of the preoperative radiographic parameters to an abnormal postoperative KJLO (>4°). Results: In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the preoperative LDFA and JLCA showed a statistically significant correlation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean preoperative LDFA was significantly larger in the group with abnormal KJLO than in the group with the control group (odds ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.12-3.02; P = .02), while preoperative JLCA tended to be larger in the abnormal KJLO group than the control group but not statistically significantly different. Conclusion: KJLO after OWHTO was associated with preoperative LDFA and JLCA in multivariable linear regression analysis, and preoperative LDFA was the most important factor associated with abnormal KJLO after OWHTO in multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Pelvic deep venous thrombosis mimicking lower limb cellulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Wang Chrong-Reen , Lee Cheng-Han 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex clinical scenario with thromboembolic events, lupus activity, and related therapeutic complications like infection. In SLE, iliofemoral (IF) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimic cellulitis over lower extremities. Nevertheless, to distinguish DVT from cellulitis is imperative in clinical practice due to the use of different therapeutic regimens. Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyze iliofemoral DVT in hospitalized SLE-associated APS patients with fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimicking cellulitis from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. Results Among 896 hospitalized SLE patients, 117 were associated with APS. Three patients had pelvic IF DVT with total vascular occlusion, presenting as fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimicking cellulitis. Despite negative duplex sonographic findings, IF thrombi were demonstrated by using computed tomography and/or catheter venography. Owing to refractory to unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin injection, all received the thrombolytic treatment. Complete resolution of thrombi without recurrent DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome was identified in two patients receiving pharmacomechanical thrombectomy or catheter-directed thrombolysis. Conclusions For differential diagnosis of IF DVT and lower limb cellulitis in SLE-associated APS, our case series underlines the importance of venography to detect an unusual pelvic location of thrombi.
Total Ankle Replacement Provides Symmetrical Postoperative Kinematics: A Biplane Fluoroscopy Imaging Study
Authors: Lenz Amy L. , Lisonbee Rich J. , Peterson Andrew C. , Roach Koren E. , Foreman K. Bo , Barg Alexej , Anderson Andrew E. 
Published: March 2022

Background: In vivo measurements of tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion following TAR are unavailable. Using biplane fluoroscopy, we tested the hypothesis that the prosthetic tibiotalar joint and adjacent subtalar joint would demonstrate kinematic and range of motion differences compared to the contralateral untreated limb, and control participants. Methods: Six patients of 41 identified candidates that all underwent unilateral Zimmer TAR (5.4 ± 1.9 years prior) and 6 control participants were imaged with biplane fluoroscopy during overground walking and a double heel-rise activity. Computed tomography scans were acquired; images were segmented and processed to serve as input for model-based tracking of the biplane fluoroscopy data. Measurements included tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics for the TAR, untreated contralateral, and control limbs. Statistical parametric mapping quantified differences in kinematics throughout overground walking and the double heel-rise activity. Results: Patients with this TAR performed walking and heel-rise activities symmetrically with no significant kinematic differences at the tibiotalar and subtalar joints between limbs. Compared to control participants, patients exhibited reduced dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion that corresponded to decreased peak dorsiflexion, but only in the late stance phase of walking. This reduction in tibiotalar dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion in the TAR group became more apparent with double heel-rise activity. Conclusion: Patients with a Zimmer TAR had symmetric kinematics during activities of walking and double heel-rise, but they did exhibit minor compensations in tibiotalar kinematics as compared to controls. Clinical Relevance: The lack of significant kinematic compensation at the subtalar joint may explain why secondary subtalar osteoarthritis is reported as being relatively uncommon in patients with some TAR designs.
Prospective evaluation of the Animal Trauma Triage Score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale in 25 cats with high-rise syndrome
Authors: Girol-Piner Ana Miriam , Moreno-Torres Matías , Herrería-Bustillo Vicente J 
Published: March 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic utility of the Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS) and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) in cats with high-rise syndrome. Methods ATTS and MGCS were obtained upon arrival from 25 client-owned cats presented for high-rise syndrome. Cases were followed during hospitalisation and several variables, including outcome, were recorded. Results The mortality rate in this cohort of cats with high-rise syndrome was 16%. Univariate statistical analysis showed that lactate ( P = 0.022), creatinine ( P = 0.01), body weight ( P = 0.036) and ATTS ( P = 0.02) were higher and MGCS ( P = 0.011) lower among non-survivors. Multivariable statistical analysis showed that ATTS was the only factor significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–5.71; P = 0.046). A receiver operating characteristics curve showed that ATTS was an excellent predictor of mortality (area under the curve 0.917, 95% CI 0.8–1.0; P = 0.009). An ATTS cut-off of 6.0 had a 75% sensitivity and 90% specificity for non-survival and a cut-off of 10 had a 25% sensitivity and 100% specificity for non-survival. Conclusions and relevance ATTS is predictive of severity and outcome in cats with high-rise syndrome and can help facilitate decision-making by owners and veterinarians.
Telenursing: How do caregivers treat and prevent pressure injury in bedridden patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand? Using an embedded approach
Authors: Mamom Jinpitcha , Daovisan Hanvedes 
Published: March 2022

Objective To evaluate telenursing for caregivers (CGs) to treat and prevent pressure injury (PI) in bedridden patients (BPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. Methods Purposive sampling of 70 CGs [intervention group (i-group): n = 35 and control group (c-group): n = 35)] using an embedded approach was conducted from August 2020 to February 2021. The QUAN data were concurrently collected via online semi-structured interviews (OSIs) and video in-depth interviews (VIIs), then analysed using multivariate analysis of variance and thematic analysis. Results The QUAN data showed that CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs has a significant and positive effect ( p < 0.01). The qual data illustrates that telenursing for CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs is associated with training and education, skin cleaning, repositioning, monitoring, and assessment of PI during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion and implications Telenursing for CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs is valuable to the professional consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telenursing can reduce the CG burden, instructing them how to visually examine, clean, monitor, and risk assess the skin of BPs to prevent PIs.
Women’s Experiences of Physical Features in a Specially Designed Birthing Room: A Mixed-Methods Study in Sweden
Authors: Skogström Lisa Björnson , Vithal Emma , Wijk Helle , Lindahl Göran , Berg Marie 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To explore women’s experiences of physical features in a birthing room designed to be adaptable to personal wishes and needs during labor and birth. Background: Childbirth is a central life event influenced by numerous factors, including the healthcare environment; however, there is insufficient knowledge on how the physical design affects women during birth. Methods: This study was part of a randomized controlled trial in the Room4Birth research project, including women randomized to receive care in a new birthing room designed with physical features changeable according to personal wishes. Data consisted of responses to two questions analyzed with descriptive statistics ( n = 202) and semi-structured interviews analyzed for content ( n = 19). Results: A total of 93.6% ( n = 189) assessed the physical features in the birthing room as meaningful to a very high or high extent. The overall impression of the room was positive and exceeded women’s expectations. They felt welcomed and strengthened by the room, which shifted the focus to a more positive emotional state. The room differed from traditional hospital birthing rooms, contained familiar features that maintained integrity, and had space for companions. The variety of physical features was appreciated. Of nine listed physical features, the bathtub was ranked most important, followed by the projection of nature scenery, and dimmable lighting, but the room as a whole appeared most important. Conclusions: When planning and designing hospital-based birthing rooms, it is crucial to offer possibilities to adapt the room and physical features according to personal wishes.