bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slope Aspects and Elevation Influenced Herbaceous Diversity and Soil Characteristics in Tropical Forests of Indian Desert
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Singh Genda 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Understanding the interactive effects of aspects and elevation on soil properties and vegetation diversity in hill forests of the desert environment is essential for devising strategies to restore such degraded hills.
Place and Duration: Observations were recorded from September to October months of both 2017 and 2018 in a hill forest area in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India.
Methodology: Three-hundred-twenty plots of 1 m2 (clustered at sixty-four positions based on eight slope aspects and eight elevations) were studied for herbaceous diversity and soil properties by sorting vegetation to species level and soil sampling in each plot. Community population (P), height, soil water content (SWC), pH and organic carbon (SOC) were measured and species-richness (R), Shannon-Weiner diversity (Hꞌ), dominance (D) and evenness (J') were calculated.
Results: Out of 174 species recorded from 34 families and 122 genera, 163 species showed IVI <5. Highest number of species (48) were from family Poaceae. Soil pH, SWC, SOC, P and height were greater in 2017, whereas R, Hꞌ and Jꞌ were greater in 2018. Soil pH, vegetation height and D were lowest in northeast and highest (1.04-1.54-fold) in west to southeast. SOC, SWC, R and J' were 1.16-2.35-fold greater in northeast than south aspect. P, height and H′ showed a reverse trend with 1.15-1.53-fold variation. SOC, height, R and H' increased by 1.30-2.35-fold with an increase in elevation from <230m to >600m, whereas D and pH showed a decreasing trend. The highest values of SWC, P and Jꞌ were in 800-900m, 700-800m and 600-700m respectively. Though varied with aspects, <230m area was dominated by xeric species, middle by Aristida adscensionis and higher ones by Apluda mutica/Heteropogon contortus.
Conclusion: Altitude had stronger impact on all variables except SWC, which was influenced strongly by aspects making southern slopes drier than the northern slopes and influenced species structure and composition. Such areas require effective conservation, but aspect and elevation should be given due importance in devising restoration strategies for efficient management of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.
Case Report on Chronic Renal Failure in Adults
Authors: Uikey Deepika , Kasturkar Pooja , Ankar Ruchira , Uke Trupti , Gomase Kavita , Sawarkar Achita , Sakharwade Prerana , Sakharkar Sheetal 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: CRF is either the presence of kidney damage for 3 months or longer. Kidney damage is defined as either pathologic abnormalities or markers of damage including abnormalities in blood or urine test or imaging studies. Chronic disease are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. Chronic disease such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the individual. As renal function declines, the end products of protein metabolism (normally excreted in urine) accumulate in the blood. Uremia develops and adversely affects every system in the body the greater the buildup of waste products, the more pronounced the symptoms. The rate of decline in renal function and progression of end stage kidney disease is related to the underlying disorder.
Main Symptoms of CRF: The main signs and symptoms-Fever/cough/cold/abdominal pain/vomiting/loose stool/edema/giddiness/back pain. Abnormal blood loss in urine test, high blood pressure, weight loss for no reason, low red blood cell count (anemia), nausea, metal taste in your mouth, loss of appetite.
Diagnostic Evaluation: blood test: Hb-6.5gm%, total RBC count-3.5million/cu mm, HCT-28.4%, total WBC count-9.6/cu mm. monocytes-03%, granulocytes-85%, lymphocytes-10%,calcium-9.1mg/day, creatinine-urine test-71.8mg/dl, KFT- urea-111mg/dl, cretinine14.0, sodium 134mmol/l, potassium-6.5(pl. repeat), magnesium-2.4mmol/l, phosphorus-7.3mmol/l, RBS glucose-plasma random -222mmhg, uric acid -8.1mg/dl, urinary protein- 905mg/dl, bloodpressure-140/90mmhg.
Therapeutic interventions: inj. Levoflox 500mg IV OD, inj. ctri 1gm IV BD X 5days, inj. Pan 40mg IV OD, inj. Emset 4mg IV OD, inj. Insulin m(30/70) 18u(BFF)-0-12u(BD) inj. EPO 10000 IU SC post dialysis once per week, tab. Nicardia 20mg TDS, tab. Febuxostat 40mg OD, tab. Shelcal 500mg OD, tab. autrin OD, tab. Sevelamer 400mg BD, tab. Envas 5mg HS, tab. met XL 25mg OD.
Outcome: after treatment, the adult show improvement. His abdominal pain were relieved and his diabetes and hypertension were in control.
Causes: Due to some disease of infection the kidney can’t do its works properly, the main cause of chronic renal failure is High blood pressure Blocked urinary tract. The chief causes of CRF include obstructive uropathy, primary glomerular diseases, reflux nephropathy and hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys. Progressive hyperperfusion and hyerfilteration causes increasing glomerular injury and further renal damage. Symptoms of CRF is between 10-25% of normal. The four main causes of CRF are high blood pressure, chronic glomerulonephritis, high blood sugar, polycystic kidney disease.
Conclusion: My patient was a known case of chronic renal failure and he had complaint of irritation abdominal pain, back pain, giddiness. After getting proper treatment his condition was better than previous condition.
Effects of Tolterodine on Depression, Anxiety, Learning and Memory in Mice
Authors: Tanyeri Mehmet Hanifi , Buyukokuroglu Mehmet Emin , Tanyeri Pelin , Mutlu Oguz , Kaya Rumeysa Keles , Ozturk Aykut , Bozkurt Şeyma Nur Basarir , Ormanci Dilara 
Published: February 2022

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, urinary incontinence, and nocturia. Tolterodine is a drug specially developed for the treatment of overactive bladder. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effects of tolterodine on depression, anxiety, learning and memory to understand if tolterodine may be effective in OAB caused mood and cognitive disorders.
Methodology:
Study Design: All the drugs were given intraperitoneally (i.p.), 30 min before the experiment. Here, we investigated the effects of tolterodine (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) on depression, anxiety, learning and memory by using forced swimming test, elevated plus maze test, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze, respectively in mice. Locomotor activity was evaluated by open field test.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Department of Urology, Sakarya University, Animal Research Center, between August 2019 and September 2020.
Results: All doses of tolterodine dose-dependently reduced immobility time, compared to saline group. Tolterodine (1, 3 mg/kg) prolonged the time spent in open arms compared to saline group. Tolterodine (3 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of entries into the open arms. Tolterodine had no effect on learning and memory performance of normal mice; however, tolterodine (3 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated learning and memory disruption induced by scopolamine.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that tolterodine prevented experimentally induced depression and anxiety, improved memory and learning of naive animals, and reversed memory and learning impairment with scopolamine. Further preclinical and clinical studies with tolterodine should be done to support all these hypothesis and patients with OAB who need antidepressant and anxiolytic therapy may be treated with single drug instead of more than one drug in the future.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Annona Squamosa Linn. (AS) Leaves on Isoniazid & Rifampin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Derangula Samba Siva Raju , Muthiah N. S. , Somashekar H. S. , Sukumar E. , Prabhu K. 
Published: February 2022

The goal of this investigation was to examine if an ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has any hepatoprotective benefits in rats suffering from isoniazid-rifampin induced hepatotoxicity.
Methodology: The rats were separated in five groups (n=6): group 1, a control; group 2 administered isoniazid (100 mg/kg, I.P.) & rifampin (100 mg/kg, I.P.) in sterile water; group 3 as a control & traditional silymarin, 2.5 mg/kg, B.W., P.O.; groups 4 & 5 are treated & received 200 & 400 mg/kg, B.W., P.O., ethanolic extract of AS. All of the treatment procedures were monitored for a total of 21 days after the rats were slaughtered & Biochemical & histological investigations were performed on the blood & liver respectively.
Results: Rats (Group - 2) treated with Rifampin (RIF) & Isoniazid (INH) elevated their blood Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) & Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels during a variety of ways. The consumption of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa considerably reduced Rifampin & Isoniazid induced elevations in serum diagnostic liver marker enzymes. SGOT, SGPT & ALP are the three involved enzymes. Furthermore, the medical care groups had significantly larger total macromolecule & total albumen levels. The extract result was compared thereto of Silymarin, a standard medication. The histological profile backed up the changes in biochemical markers. An ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has been discovered to protect rats from oxidative liver injury caused by rifampin & isoniazid.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of AS protects rats from isoniazid & rifampin induced oxidative liver injury.
Exfoliative Cytology- Need of the Hour
Authors: Hirani Bhavana , Paul Priyanka 
Published: February 2022

Oral cancer is becoming more common over the world. Oral cancer patients have a low survival rate when compared to other types of cancer. This is primarily due to a delay in diagnosis, which causes tumour metastasis and, as a result, secondary cancers. Diagnosing oral precancer or oral cancer, especially when the disease is in its early stages, is extremely difficult and crucial for the dental profession. Early detection and treatment planning for patients with oral cancer rely heavily on early screening and improved diagnostic tools. The analysis in microscope of exfoliated cells from surface of epithelium is known as oral exfoliative cytology (OEC). It is an easy, non-intrusive, and sensitive technique of staining that is utilised as an alternative to biopsy or when biopsy is not possible, also for mass screening [1].
Cytopathology is a technique for examining diseases that affect a wide range of bodily sites, and it is frequently used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, as well as some viral diseases and other inflammatory ailments. The Pap smear, for example, is a typical cytopathology application that is used to detect precancerous cervical lesions that may lead to cervical cancer. This approach is only used to analyse surface cells and must be confirmed with additional cytological investigation. Smears can be taken from the buccal mucosa, the dorsum of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, the hard and soft palate junction, and the lower labial region. Because the materials are smeared across a glass microscope slide for staining and microscopic analysis, cytopathologic tests are also known as smear tests. They help in prevention of the disease from turning into severe one.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Students of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai
Authors: Panigrahi Chandan , Jothipriya A. , Devi R. Gayatri 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Adequate sleep plays a vital role in optimizing, stabilizing, and enhancing memory, cognition, attention, and attention to things, instances, situations that a person may come across on a day-to-day basis. Consequently, a lack of proper sleep can lead to the absence of the information qualities of an individual.
Aim: To study the effects of Sleep Deprivation among the students of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey, which was activated among the students ranging from the first year to the fourth year of dentistry. The survey contains questions concerning the sleep timing of individuals and accessory methods that may or may not be used to battle insomnia in students.
Results: The results from the survey shows a majority of the people did not have any previously diagnosed medical ailments (60%), and did not use any pharmacological aids to combat sleep-related issues (36%). A p-value of 0.03 showed statistical significance.
Conclusion: The results concluded that sleep deprivation did hamper the overall quality of life and academic performance of individuals. It can be said that sleep is an essential factor to determine the quality of overall life an individual leads.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities of the Genus Terminalia, Emphasizing on Terminalia paniculata L.: A Review
Authors: Valsa Sai Manohar , Parimala K. , Revathi K. , Komali G. 
Published: February 2022

Terminalia is the second major genus belonging of family Combretaceae. Species from this genus have been used in outmoded popular medicine globally. But then, a little study was stated on Terminalia paniculata L. (TP). This is a complete literature review of various Terminalia plants highlighting on TP, about its biological and isolated constituents. The objective of this study is to fascinate the attention of unfamiliar activities of TP, thus conducive to the growth of novel therapeutics which might benefit health of individuals suffering from illnesses. Existing data on Terminalia was sourced from electronic databases like Scopus, Goggle Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Chemical Abstract earth and Springer Link. Plant based studies have led to extraction of various categories of phytochemicals like, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, triterpenoid glycosides, lignan and ligan derivatives in Terminalia plants. Extracts and their isolated constituents of various Terminalia plants reported a good spectrum of activities. TP consist of polyphenols such as ellagic acid, 3,3’-di-O-methyyl ellagic acid and 3,4,3’-O-trimethyl flavellagic acid. Studies on Terminalia genus has opened a diverse active chemical component. Many biochemical potentials have authenticated use of Terminalia in therapy of different ailments in plant-based medicine. Future studies desired to discover bioactive constituents’ accountable pharmacological mechanisms. Terminalia paniculata is a tree native to southwest India (including the Western Ghats and Karnataka). Known in the timber trade as kindal. Though it has been used in the ancient system of medicine for menstrual problems, cough, bronchitis, cardiac debility, hepatitis, diabetes and in obesity, very little literature support is available on these biological activities, except for its few like acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity. This review is an attempt to emphasize on the phytochemical and biological activities of terminalia genus and the species Terminalia paniculata.
A Case Report on Hepatosplenomegaly and Cholelithiasis in a Case of Beta-thalassemia: Hb E Type
Authors: Kothe Amruta , Alnewar Pragati , Ankar Ruchira , Singh Seema 
Published: February 2022

Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body does not produce enough haemoglobin. It is a relatively uncommon condition. The association with beta-thalassemia is uncommon. An enlarged spleen in a child with beta-thalassemia can be caused by increased red blood cell destruction, the formation of blood cells outside of the bone marrow, repeated blood transfusions, or iron overload. We report a rare case of 17 years old patient admitted with multiple blood transfusions and pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccination done on 8th November 2021 and last blood transfusion on 13th November 2021. The patient was admitted to AVBR Hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha with the chief complaint of abdominal pain that has been constantly exacerbated by movement as well as in resting period over 7 days with the clinical findings of the backache and joint pain. He was having a continuous blood transfusion in the last 7 months. After the diagnostic investigation like ultrasonography and computed tomography, the client was diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and cholelithiasis. The physician is treating the child with continuous blood transfusion and with iron chelating therapy which would be beneficial to reduce the iron load. The patient has been planned for splenectomy, which was the long-lasting treating strategy for his clinical presentation.
Tailorable Polarization‐Dependent Directional Coupling of Surface Plasmons
Authors: Han Jie , Xu Yuehong , Zhang Huifang , Lang Yuanhao , Jiang Xiaohan , Chen Xieyu , Feng Xi , Niu Li , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Li Quan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoupling free‐space light into surface plasmons (SPs) has traditionally faced challenges in arbitrarily controlling the directionality of the SPs with respect to the incident polarization. Recently reported polarization‐dependent directional coupling of SPs using metasurfaces has attracted enormous attention for its promise in developing innovative and on‐demand plasmonic devices. However, further progress has been hampered by the limitation in designating the directional coupling with tailorable polarization‐dependent feature and compatible ability to incidence of complex polarization distribution. Here, a directional coupling strategy is introduced to overcome these limits. It is demonstrated that, by utilizing the interference between two pairs of slit resonators with different resonance responses, the directional SP coupling can be expanded to arbitrary group of polarized incidence by simply varying their relative distance, and the SP coupling direction will reverse under the corresponding orthogonally polarized incidence without affecting the efficiency. To exhibit the versatile design capability of the strategy, it is further utilized to construct several polarization‐dependent plasmonic devices for controlling SP propagations, including two SP metalenses and a plasmonic Airy beam launcher, in which it is shown that the device can even be designed to work for non‐uniformly polarized incidence. The strategy paves a reliable route towards many practical on‐chip applications.
Piezoelectric Nanofiber Membrane for Reusable, Stable, and Highly Functional Face Mask Filter with Long‐Term Biodegradability
Authors: Le Thinh T. , Curry Eli J. , Vinikoor Tra , Das Ritopa , Liu Yang , Sheets Donal , Tran Khanh T. M. , Hawxhurst Christopher J. , Stevens James F. , Hancock Jason N. , Bilal Osama R. , Shor Leslie M. , Nguyen Thanh D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution has led to remarkably high demand for face masks. However, conventional respirators are intended for single use and made from nondegradable materials, causing serious concern for a plastic‐waste environmental crisis. Furthermore, these facemasks are weakened in humid conditions and difficult to decontaminate. Herein, a reusable, self‐sustaining, highly effective, and humidity‐resistant air filtration membrane with excellent particle‐removal efficiency is reported, based on highly controllable and stable piezoelectric electrospun poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers. The PLLA filter possesses a high filtration efficiency (>99% for PM 2.5 and >91% for PM 1.0) while providing a favorable pressure drop (≈91 Pa at normal breathing rate) for human breathing due to the piezoelectric charge naturally activated by respiration through the mask. The filter has a long, stable filtration performance and good humidity resistance, demonstrated by a minimal declination in the filtration performance of the nanofiber membrane after moisture exposure. The PLLA filter is reusable via common sterilization tools (i.e., an ultrasonic cleaning bath, autoclave, or microwave). Moreover, a prototype of a completely biodegradable PLLA nanofiber‐based facemask is fabricated and shown to decompose within 5 weeks in an accelerated degradation environment.
Gas‐Assisted Spray Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Sprayed Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Cassella Elena J. , Spooner Emma L. K. , Thornber Timothy , O'Kane Mary E. , Catley Thomas E. , Bishop James E. , Smith Joel A. , Game Onkar S. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are becoming widely utilized as hole‐selective layers in high‐performance p‐i‐n architecture perovskite solar cells. Ultrasonic spray coating and airbrush coating are demonstrated here as effective methods to deposit MeO‐2PACz; a carbazole‐based SAM. Potential dewetting of hybrid perovskite precursor solutions from this layer is overcome using optimized solvent rinsing protocols. The use of air‐knife gas‐quenching is then explored to rapidly remove the volatile solvent from an MAPbI3 precursor film spray‐coated onto an MeO‐2PACz SAM, allowing fabrication of p‐i‐n devices with power conversion efficiencies in excess of 20%, with all other layers thermally evaporated. This combination of deposition techniques is consistent with a rapid, roll‐to‐roll manufacturing process for the fabrication of large‐area solar cells.
Self‐Assembled Protective Layer by Symmetric Ionic Liquid for Long‐Cycling Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Jang Jinha , Shin Jae‐Sun , Ko Sunghyun , Park Hyunchang , Song Woo‐Jin , Park Chan Beum , Kang Jiheong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModulating lithium metal deposition is vital for the realization of stable and energy‐dense Li–metal batteries. Ionic liquid (IL) has been regarded as a promising electrolyte additive for a uniform Li deposition because its cation moiety forms a lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips. Despite recent advances in ILs for Li metal batteries, rational designs for IL additives are still in their infancy, and further improvement is required. Here, a new class of self‐assembled protective layer based on the design of a new IL molecule enabling high‐performance Li–metal batteries is reported. For the first time, symmetric design of lithiophobic side chains is introduced to the IL cations. This symmetric design creates a self‐assembled lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips, resulting in the smooth deposition of Li. Thus, the symmetric IL enables stable cycling of Li–LiFePO4 and Li–LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) batteries with an average Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.8% over 600 cycles. In addition, the symmetric IL enables a practical thin Li (40 µm)‐NCM622 cell with an energy density of ≈658 Wh kg‐1 based on the cathode mass in a coin‐type battery. This work proposes a design protocol for IL‐based additives and provides a prospective way to highly efficient, long‐lasting Li–metal batteries.