bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking stock for repair and refurbishing: A review of harvesting of spare parts from electrical and electronic products
Authors: Richter Jessika Luth , Svensson‐Hoglund Sahra , Dalhammar Carl , Russell Jennifer D. , Thidell Åke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA circular economy (CE) calls for the value of materials and products to be maintained and recovered through narrowing, closing, and slowing loops. However, there remain challenges in capturing value through reuse of components in refurbished and repaired products. In this paper, we provide an overview of the research and practice of harvesting spare parts from used and waste electrical and electronic equipment (white goods and consumer electronic products). Through a literature review and case studies of Norway, Sweden, and California, we provide an overview of drivers and barriers for spare part harvesting. Applying a stakeholder value mapping framework, we identify the key stakeholders involved in spare part harvesting and map the values captured, missed, and destroyed to identify opportunities for increased value retention. Finally, we suggest further refinements for policy to upscale spare part harvesting in light of CE goals and objectives.
The efficacy and safety of fractional lasers for alopecia in mono and adjunctive therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Ye‐Lin , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Jing‐Cao , Li Yan‐Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHair loss is affecting over half of the population worldwide, leading to noticeable psychotic disorders in a considerable proportion of patients. The current treatments remain unpredictable and disappointing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional lasers compared with other conventional treatments as either mono or combined therapy in the treatment of alopecia.MethodsWe have conducted a thorough literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases (from inception to February 9, 2022). Relevant clinical trials, mainly randomized controlled trials, were included, regardless of their comparisons. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment was used for quality appraisal. Outcomes were evaluated by efficiency rate, hair density, etc.ResultsThirteen controlled clinical trials, including nine randomized controlled trials, with 606 patients were retrieved. As an individual therapy, the fractional laser is superior to any other therapy in total efficiency (RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.16–2.14, p = 0.003). When the fractional laser was applied in combined treatments, the result showed a significant difference (RR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.49, P = 0.03) compared with other treatments. Although both mono and adjunctive groups were confirmed to be efficient, there were no statistical differences between the two of them (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.87–1.77, p = 0.24).ConclusionOur results showed that the fractional laser has a significant efficacy as either mono or adjuvant therapy. Further research and exploration of fractional lasers with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the efficiency and safety of this treatment.
Low‐level green laser promotes wound healing after carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy
Authors: Gong Chengchen , Lu Yongzhou , Jia Chuanlong , Xu Nan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser resurfacing has become one of the hottest therapies for dermatoses. However, complications such as skin swelling, prolonged erythema, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and scar formation remain. Low‐level laser (LLL) therapy is accepted to promote skin wound healing and regeneration, decrease inflammation and pain, and modulate immunoreaction with low‐dose laser of different wavelength. 532 nm laser therapy is commonly used to remove pigmented spots and to tender skin, but not utilized in wound care.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the efficacy of the low‐level 532 nm green laser in wound healing after CO2 fractional laser.MethodsSix adult male mice (C57BL/6, 8 weeks old) were prepared for animal experiments. The dorsum of each mouse was divided into four parts that, respectively, received designed treatments, as controlled (group Ctrl), 532 nm LLL‐treated (group GL), CO2 fractional laser‐treated (group FL), and CO2 fractional laser followed by three times 532 nm LLL‐treated (group FG). Hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E), Masson‐trichrome staining, CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the efficacy of wound healing after treated by different irradiations. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins. Mouse skin fibroblasts (MSFs) were treated with LLL using a wavelength of 532 nm once. Cellular responses were observed and analyzed after 48 hours. Cell viability and migration of different groups were assessed by scratch and the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assays, respectively.ResultsCollagen remodeling and epidermis thickness were significantly enhanced in group FG than that in group FL in morphology. Besides, CD31 immunohistochemical staining indicated prominently increased angiogenesis in both groups FL and FG than non‐irradiation group. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related protein (Col1, Col3 and MMP1) showed a remarkable improvement in wound healing in group FG than that in group FL. Irradiated MSFs showed a better migration ability compared with non‐irradiated controls. LLL enhanced the secretion function of MSFs on Collagen I and III.ConclusionsLow‐level green laser promotes wound healing after CO2 fractional laser by improving the integrity of skin barrier and allowing for scarless healing. Therefore, low‐level green laser therapy might serve as a sequential therapy of invasive laser surgery to ensure a better wound care.
Qualitative interviews results from heart failure survey respondents on the interaction between symptoms and burden of self‐care work
Authors: Austin Rosalynn C. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Richardson Alison , Kalra Paul R. , May Carl R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesFollowing a cross‐sectional survey, a sub‐sample of participants was interviewed to explore the interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment.BackgroundBurden of treatment considers both the work associated with illness and treatment, including self‐care work, as well as the individuals' capabilities and resources to engage in that work. The recent survey revealed the existence of a complex interaction.DesignQualitative abductive analysis of semi‐structured interviews.MethodsAdults with heart failure who participated in the survey were purposely sampled and invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Location and mode of interview varied by participant choice. Excerpts from the verbatim transcripts were assessed for interactions between symptoms and burden of treatment, and when identified these were characterised and explained. We followed COREQ checklist for reporting. The patient research ambassador group was involved from research design to dissemination.ResultsParticipants (n = 32) consistently discussed how symptoms altered their capability to engage in self‐care work. As symptom intensity increased the difficultly of their self‐care work increased. A number of intervening factors appeared to influence the relationship between symptoms and burden of treatment. Intervening factors included illness pathology, illness identity, the value of the tasks attempted and available support structures. These factors may change how symptoms and burden of treatment are perceived; a model was constructed to explain and summarise these interactions.ConclusionsThe interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment is complex. Intervening factors—illness identity and pathology, task value and performance, and available support structures—appear to exert a strong influence on the interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceThese intervening factors present clinicians and researchers with opportunities to develop interventions that might reduce burden of treatment and improve symptoms and quality of life.Clinical trial registrationSYMPACT was registered with ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN11011943.
Future anti‐HDV treatment strategies, including those aimed at HBV functional cure
Authors: Tan Yong Chuan , Lee Guan Huei , Huang Daniel Q. , Lim Seng Gee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHDV is a defective virus that uses the HBV surface antigen to enter hepatocytes. It is associated with an accelerated course of liver fibrosis progression and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Negative HDV RNA 24 weeks after the end of therapy has been proposed as an endpoint but late relapses make this endpoint suboptimal, hence HBsAg loss appears to be more appropriate. Current HBV antiviral agents have poor activity against HDV hence the search for improved therapy. Drugs only active against HDV, such as lonafarnib, have shown efficacy in combination with nucleoside analogues and peginterferon, but do not lead to HBsAg loss. HBsAg loss sustained 24 weeks after the end of therapy with negative HBV DNA is termed functional cure. Agents that are being investigated for functional cure include those that inhibit replication such as entry inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors and capsid assembly modulators but seldom lead to functional cure. Agents that reduce HBV antigen load such as RNA interference and inhibitors of HBsAg secretion are promising. Immunomodulators on their own seldom achieve functional cure, hence these agents in combination to assess the optimal combination are being investigated. Consequently, agents leading to functional cure of HBV are ideal for both HBV and HDV.
Ana o 3 sIgE and diagnostic algorithms reduce cost of cashew allergy diagnosis in children compared with skin prick test: A cost comparison analysis
Authors: Brettig Tim , Dalziel Kim , Koplin Jennifer J. , Dang Thanh , Lange Lars , McWilliam Vicki , Sato Sakura , Savvatianos Savvas , Perrett Kirsten P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of a clear clinical history of reaction, diagnosis of cashew allergy using skin prick tests (SPT) or cashew‐specific IgE requires a high number of oral food challenges (OFC). By using Ana o 3 sIgE alone, or a two‐step diagnostic algorithm using cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 sIgE, there is a reduced need for OFC. We aimed to perform a cost comparison for both of these approaches compared with cashew SPT alone.MethodsPooled individual‐level data from 6 studies were used to determine diagnostic accuracy and OFC rate. Two studies used cashew SPT (n = 567, 198 allergic), with 95% positive and negative predictive values of ≥12 mm and <3 mm. Four studies were included in the pathways for Ana o 3 sIgE alone or a 2‐step algorithm incorporating cashew and Ana o 3 sIgE (n = 271, 156 allergic). Cut‐offs used were ≥8.5kUA/L and ≤0.1kUA/L for cashew sIgE and ≥0.35kUA/L and ≤0.1kUA/L for Ana o 3 sIgE. Costs were constructed based on unit prices from hospital inpatient admissions, expenses incurred by families, individual patient data on allergic reaction types and rates, and adrenaline autoinjector carriage, applying a health system perspective.ResultsModeled data through the Ana o 3 pathway resulted in a 46.43% cost reduction (€307,406/1000 patients) compared with using cashew SPT alone (€573,854/1000 patients). The 2‐step algorithm resulted in a 44.94% cost reduction compared with SPT alone (€315,952.82/1000 patients). Both the Ana o 3 pathway and 2‐step algorithm resulted in a 79%–80% reduction in OFCs compared with SPT.ConclusionsUsing Ana o 3 as a standalone test for cashew allergy diagnosis or a 2‐step algorithm incorporating cashew sIgE and Ana o 3 sIgE is accurate and results in a large reduction in both OFCs and health system costs compared with cashew SPT alone.
Decline in pediatric admission on an isolated island in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fuse Takuya , Ikuse Tatsuki , Aizawa Yuta , Fuse Michiko , Goto Fumihiro , Okazaki Minoru , Iwaya Atsushi , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA decrease in pediatric hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been reported worldwide; however, few studies have examined areas with a limited number of COVID‐19 cases, where influenced by viral interference by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is minimum.MethodsWe conducted an epidemiological study of pediatric hospitalizations on Sado, an isolated island in Niigata, Japan, that was unique environment with few COVID‐19 cases and reliable pediatric admissions monitoring. We compared numbers of monthly hospitalizations and associated diagnoses for the periods April 2016 to March 2020 (pre‐pandemic period) and April 2020 to March 2021 (pandemic period).ResultsData were analyzed for 1,144 and 128 patients in the pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. We observed only three adults and no pediatric COVID‐19 cases during the pandemic period. The number of monthly admissions was significantly lower in the pandemic period (median [interquartile ranges (IQR)]: 11.0 [7.0–14.0]) than in the pre‐pandemic period (23.0 [20.8–28.3]; P < 0.001). Similar decreases were observed for hospitalizations due to respiratory tract infection (P < 0.01), but not for asthma exacerbation (P = 0.15), and gastrointestinal tract infection (P = 0.33).ConclusionsPediatric hospitalizations during the pandemic significantly decreased on an isolated Japanese island where COVID‐19 was not endemic and all pediatric admissions were ascertainable. This observation highlights the impact of decreased travel and increased awareness of infection control measures on pediatric hospitalizations due to infectious diseases, not by the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral interference.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis and the rate of blood stream infections and Clostridioides difficile in pediatric stem cell transplantation: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Alrugaib Trad , Alsultan Abdulrahman , Elbashir Enas , Albdah Bayan , Alharbi Musaed , Essa Mohammed F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of prophylactic antibiotics in the pre‐engraftment period to minimize the risk of bacteremia is debatable given concerns of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), antibiotics resistance, and disruption of gut microbiota.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the rate and characteristics of bacteremia and C. diff infections within the first 100 days post‐HSCT in all pediatric patients who received routine antibacterial prophylaxis during HSCT from 2015 to 2018. C. diff infection was defined by the presence of three or more unformed stools in 24 h and positive stool test for C. diff or its toxins.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐five (100 allogeneic and 35 autologous) transplants in 123 patients were eligible for analysis. Median age at transplant was 7.1 (range 0.2–13.7), 67 (55%) were women, and diagnosis was malignant condition in 68 patients. Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 18 days (13–23). Cefepime or piperacillin‐tazobactam prophylaxis was used in 105 (78%) and 28 (21%) of patients, respectively. Only five (3%) patients had bacteremia during the pre‐engraftment period, and 13 (11%) patients developed bacteremia postengraftment. Septic shock was present in only one patient pre‐engraftment and was due to gram‐negative bacteria. All patients who developed bacteremia received MAC. Thirteen patients (10%) of patients fulfilled C. diff infection definition. There was no mortality related to bacterial infections among our patients.ConclusionsThe use of antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with low rate of bacteremia in the pre‐engraftment period and a 10% risk of C. diff infections. More studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in HSCT patients.
Pulmonary function testing during SARS‐CoV‐2: An ANZSRS/TSANZ position statement
Authors: Borg Brigitte M. , Osadnik Christian , Adam Keith , Chapman David G. , Farrow Catherine E. , Glavas Vanda , Hancock Kerry , Lanteri Celia J. , Morris Ewan G. , Romeo Nicholas , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , Selvadurai Hiran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) commissioned a joint position paper on pulmonary function testing during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in July 2021. A working group was formed via an expression of interest to members of both organizations and commenced work in September 2021. A rapid review of the literature was undertaken, with a ‘best evidence synthesis’ approach taken to answer the research questions formed. This allowed the working group to accept findings of prior relevant reviews or societal document where appropriate. The advice provided is for providers of pulmonary function tests across all settings. The advice is intended to supplement local infection prevention and state, territory or national directives. The working group's key messages reflect a precautionary approach to protect the safety of both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in a rapidly changing environment. The decision on strategies employed may vary depending on local transmission and practice environment. The advice is likely to require review as evidence grows and the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves. While this position statement was contextualized specifically to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the working group strongly advocates that any changes to clinical/laboratory practice, made in the interest of optimizing the safety and well‐being of HCWs and patients involved in pulmonary function testing, are carefully considered in light of their potential for ongoing use to reduce transmission of other droplet and/or aerosol borne diseases.
How do I warm HPC(A) products to maximize cell viability in the setting of cold agglutinin disease?
Authors: Krull Ashley , Thompson Thomas , Strasburg Dustin , DiGuardo Margaret , Jacob Eapen K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh titers of cold agglutinins jeopardize the quality of an apheresis product meant for autologous or allogeneic transplant. Management of transplant patients with cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is often experience‐based and under reported, yet decisions must be made quickly to optimize product management and patient outcomes. There remains a lack of data quantifying cell recovery and viability when using various warming methodologies.Study Design and MethodsTo expand the published experimental data on this subject, our human cellular therapy lab compared cellular recoveries and viabilities after manipulation of cryopreserved apheresis products through various warming methodologies: (1) extended warming in a water bath, (2) warming via blood warmer and infusion pump, and (3) warming in a water bath followed by infusion pump as a control to assess potential shear stress effects.ResultsThe presented studies demonstrate that all methods of product warming produce the same rates of recovery of total and viable cells across vital cell types prior to patient administration. Statistically, use of an extended water bath protocol provided a marginal benefit in recovery of total nucleated cells, though this effect is diminished when products are held for an extended period to simulate a delay in administration.DiscussionThese results can inform decisions to improve patient care and minimize product manipulation and loss. Centers are encouraged to use this information to guide proactive measures to establish a standard operating procedure to manage CAD cases.
Rifampicin treatment of canine multidrug‐resistant meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal pyoderma: A retrospective study of 51 cases
Authors: Harbour Lydia , Schick Anthea , Mount Rebecca , White Amelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRifampicin (RFP) is a potential treatment for canine multidrug‐resistant (MDR) meticillin‐resistant staphylococci (MRS), yet the use of lower doses based on recent MIC data has not been evaluated in vivo.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo provide information on the efficacy and safety of low‐dose range RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of canine MDR MRS pyoderma.AnimalsFifty‐one client‐owned dogs.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of dogs medical records. Dogs were from 11 US dermatology referral practices and had oral RFP at ≤6 mg/kg/day. Data evaluated included response to treatment, adverse events, and serum changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).ResultsComplete resolution of pyoderma occurred in 39 of 51 dogs (76.5%). Topical antimicrobials were used concurrently in most cases (47 of 51; 92.2%). ALP elevation >1.5‐fold of baseline or the high end of the reference range occurred in nine of 37 (24.3%) dogs, while ALT elevation above baseline and the high end of the reference range occurred in two of 36 (5.6%). Only six of 51 (11.8%) had clinical adverse events during treatment; five of six (83.3%) were mild reactions consisting of lethargy and gastrointestinal signs, while one dog had a possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Of those that experienced clinical adverse events, four of six (66.7%) did not have concurrent increased liver enzyme activity, while two of six (33.3%) had elevations in ALP alone.Conclusions and clinical relevanceLow‐dose RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) appears to be a relatively safe and effective single‐agent systemic antibiotic in combination with topical antimicrobials for canine MDR MRS pyoderma.
Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section
Authors: Adams Daniel J. , Ellerbrock Robyn E. , Wallace Mandy L. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Sutherland Brian J. , Grimes Janet A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare neonatal survival to discharge rates between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section (c‐section) and identify risk factors for neonatal mortality.Study designRetrospective study.Animals or sample populationA total of 480 puppies from 90 bitches undergoing 106 c‐sections.MethodsMedical records of c‐sections performed between January 2012 and September 2021 were reviewed. Data collected included brachycephalic versus nonbrachycephalic breed, elective versus emergency c‐section, litter size (c‐section and total [including those born prior to and via c‐section]), and neonatal survival to discharge. A generalized linear mixed model (univariable and multivariable) was performed to evaluate variables versus neonatal survival.ResultsOverall neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% (447/480); survival was similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds (p = .221, 202/213 [94.8%] brachycephalic survival, 245/267 [91.8%] nonbrachycephalic survival). Puppies delivered via elective c‐section were more likely to survive compared to emergency c‐section (p < .001, 238/240 [99.2%] elective survival, 209/240 [87.1%] emergency survival). Puppies delivered in larger c‐section litters were more likely to survive (p < .004) compared to smaller litters. Total litter size had no effect on survival.ConclusionBrachycephalism had no effect on neonatal survival. Puppies delivered via elective c‐section were more likely to survive compared to puppies delivered via emergency c‐section.Clinical significanceOutcomes following c‐section are similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds. While it is preferable to encourage selective breeding for bitches that are able to whelp naturally, elective c‐section should be considered in bitches at high risk for dystocia to maximize neonatal survival.