bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental compatibility assessment of sewage treatment plants in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Apurva , Bhardwaj Satish Kumar , Aggarwal Rajeev , Sharma Ravinder , Agarwal Ghanshyam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sewage treatment plants (STPs), since their introduction in the 19th century have been considered as a boon for helping manage the domestic waste which can cause a menace if left unattended. STPs have evolved towards efficiency in their functioning with time. But, with the increasing demand of these basic service delivery assets, some of their ill effects have started hovering over the environment. The increase in the incoming sewage as compared to the limited capacity of the plant, inadequate functioning of the plants, unskilled manpower, etc. are some of the reasons causing impacts on the environment. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted with the objective to study the impacts of STPs on the environmental quality of the state. Quality of soil and water near these plants was evaluated. In soils, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and toxic elements (Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc) were estimated which ranged from 5.33–6.12, 0.373–0.617 dS m− 1, 0.51–1.33%, 6.49–12.16 mg kg− 1, 1.15–3.05 mg kg− 1, 71.04–87.60 mg kg− 1, 103.5–287.5 mg kg− 1, 14.76–38.68 mg kg− 1, 47.55–94.90 mg kg− 1 and 168.3- 316.6 mg kg− 1, respectively. In water parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand and heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron and zinc) were studied which ranged from 7.25–7.75, 0.26–0.36 dS m− 1, 4.56–6.33 mg l− 1, 0.001–0.005 mg l− 1, 0.025–0.040 mg l− 1, 0.97–2.22 mg l− 1, 0.19–0.32 mg l− 1 and 2.63–4.42 mg l− 1, respectively. Parameters including organic matter, cadmium, copper and zinc in soil and biochemical oxygen demand, chromium, copper and iron in water were above their permissible limits. This indicated that STPs have started to degrade the environmental quality by adding toxic metals to their surroundings creating a need to keep a check on these plants.
Numerical simulations of stochastic biochemical oxygen demand equations via RBF method
Authors: Shekarabi F. Hosseini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, it is proposed a new approach to numerical simulations of stochastic biochemical oxygen demand equations. The analysis of biochemical oxygen demand is necessary in evaluating the effects of water pollution. Here, we consider radial basis functions. This approximation process can also be interpreted as a simple kind of neural network. Illustrative example is included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the approach. The numerical experiments show that method perform well.AMS subject classifications: Primary: 65C30, 60H35, 65C20, Secondary: 60H20, 92E99.
Cancer cells transfer invasive properties through tracks, a novel collagen-associated extracellular vesicle entity
Authors: Normand Lea , Rouyer Lucile , Di-Tommaso Sylvaine , Dourthe Cyril , Anne-Aurélie Raymond , Dupuy Jean-Wiliam , Allain Nathalie , Dugot-Senant Nathalie , Bouter Anthony , Favereaux Alexandre , Moreau Violaine , Ros Manon , Saltel Frederic 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. During this process, tumor cells acquire invasive and migratory capacities in order to invade the surrounding tissues. To achieve this, the tumor microenvironment including the extracellular matrix (ECM) is altered to facilitate cancer cell proliferation and dissemination. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or migrasomes, are already known to induce pro-tumor features such as migration, promoting tumor development and metastasis formation. Here we highlight a new type of EVs, referred as tracks, released by cancer cells during migration and specifically attached along collagen fibers. These tracks, identified by discoidin receptor 1 (DDR1) enrichment, are promoted when cell-ECM interactions are increased, such as in tumors. We characterized these tracks, their ultrastructure as well as their molecular composition in terms of proteins and nucleic acids, showing that they are different from classical EVs known so far. Moreover, these tracks are very stable structures and can be internalized by surrounding cells. After internalization, they modify the differentiation status and the phenotype of recipient cells, promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition, matrix degradation and invasion.
Thus, we identified a new class of collagen-associated EVs, tracks, that play a role in cell-cell communication by transferring invasive properties. Consequently, these cancer-related tracks could be a new player in the tumor invasion process.
Protection of Gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury across the SIRT1-FOXO3A and Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy
Authors: Xie jie Wei , Zhu Ting , Zhang xia Shu , Sun bo Xiao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Mitochondrial autophagy maintains mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis, and plays a critical role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Whether Gypenoside XVII (GP17) has regulatory effects on mitochondrial autophagy against CIRI remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism of GP17 on mitochondrial autophagy after CIRI. Methods A rat model exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was used to assess the effects of GP17 against CIRI and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model was used to verify the effects of ameliorating mitochondria damages and to probe the autophagy pathways of combating neural injuries. Results The in vivo results shows that GP17 significantly improves mitochondrial metabolic functions and suppresses cerebral ischemia injuries, which might be involved in the autophagy pathway. The further researches reveal that GP17 maintains the moderate activation of autophagy under the ischemia and OGD conditions, producing neuroprotective effects again CIRI, and the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy is associated with a crosstalk between SIRT1-FOXO3A and Hif1a-BNIP3 signaling pathways, which are partially eliminated by special inhibitors AGK-7 and 2-ME. Conclusions Overall, this work offers new insights for exploring mechanisms by which GP17 protects against CIRI, and highlights the potential that therapy with Notoginseng leaf triterpenes as a novel clinical drug in humans.
Evaluation of Orthopedics and Traumatology Education among Clerkship Students at International University of Africa
Authors: Elbahri Hassan , Ahmed Hassan Mohamed , Salah Elmuntasir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal diseases are significant cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. Knowledge regarding these conditions is essential to the medical practice. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of undergraduate orthopaedic knowledge among IUA students.
Methods
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among final year medical students at the faculty of Medicine of the International University of Africa who finished orthopedic teaching. The validated basic cognitive examination designed by Freedman and Bernstein, consisting of 25 short answer questions was used in this study. Overall scores and responses to the individual questions were analyzed. The recommended passing score of 73.1 per cent as suggested by Freedman and Bernstein was considered.
Result
Ninety–eight students took the examination. The students' scores in the cognitive part ranged from 6 to 25. The average cognitive score was 56.9%, with a range of 24–100%. Only six (6.12%) of participants obtained the passing score of ≥ 73.1%. Only one student obtains the full mark in the cognitive part (25 points out of 25 points). Thirty-two students (32.7%) considered orthopedic cases the most challenging to perform a physical examination and diagnosis. Most students (64.3%) rank bedside teaching rounds with the consultant as the most elements of learning environments have an impact on their orthopedic education. Forty (40.8%) of students thought the time allotted to orthopedics in the medical curriculum was inadequate. Fifty (51%) of students mention that they may consider orthopedic as a future career.
Conclusion
The majority of the IUA students were not achieved the pass mark set by Freedman and Bernstein validated basic musculoskeletal examination. Curriculum and teaching methods is inadequate and should be re-evaluated to address this problem.. Graduate medical education should provide a strong foundation for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders.
Endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal-transformation in placental trophoblast cells and promotes the development of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in pregnant rats
Authors: Wang Gaoying , Dong Ruirui , Wang Ke , Ye Ningzhen , Wang Jing , Zhao Shaojie , Cheng Jing , Wang Tiejun , Shi Xinrui , Yao Tingting , Zhang Ting , Luo Liang , Gong Fang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common pregnancy specific liver disease, which has little impact on the mother and mainly causes adverse fetal outcomes. Endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) plays a key role in protein folding, transport and secretion, and participates in biological events such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune regulation and so on. Epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is the process of epithelial cells losing polarity and adhesion, and transforming into mesenchymal like phenotype through migration.
Methods
Subcutaneous injection of ethinyl estradiol (E2) was used to induce ICP in pregnant rats, and serum TBA, ALT and AST were detected to test whether the animal model was successfully constructed. ERp29 and EMT related molecules were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Taurocholic acid (TCA) was used to simulate the ICP environment, and TGF-β1 was added to induce the EMT process. CCK8 and TUNEL were used to detect the level of cell apoptosis. The scratch, migration, and invasion test were used to detect the EMT process of cells. ERp29 overexpression/knockdown vector were constructed and transfected to verify the role of ERp29 in the EMT process.
Results
The ICP animal model was successfully constructed. ERp29 in the placenta tissue of the ICP pregnant rats increased significantly, and the level of apoptosis increased. Compared with the normal, the placental tissues of the ICP group had high expression of E-cadherin and low expression of N-cadherin, snail1, vimentin. After HTR-8/Svneo cells were induced by TCA, EMT was inhibited, while the ERp29 increased. Knockdown of ERp29 reduced the inhibition of cell EMT. After the ERp29 knockdown vector was transfected into pregnant rats by adenovirus, the degree of inhibiting EMT in the placenta tissue of pregnant rats was inhibited, and the ICP progress was alleviated.
Conclusion
The high level of ERp29 in placental trophoblast cells inhibits the EMT process and aggravates the occurrence and development of ICP.
Current status and trends in Hallux valgus research from 2004 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Wang Shulong , Yang Shanshan , Deng Pin , Sun Xiaojie , Han Jinglu , Chen Zhaojun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common foot and ankle surgery disease. The pathogenesis of HV may be closely related to the abnormal bone structure, soft tissue imbalance, shoe-wearing habits, heredity, and other factors. The surgical treatment of hallux valgus (HV) is the main way to relieve pain and improve functional outcomes. Research on hallux valgus (HV) is growing, but bibliometric literature is still lacking. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to assess the study's focus, reported insights, and future directions in HV research.
Methods
Literature related to HV from 2004 to 2021 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSViewer and Rbibliometrix were used for bibliometric analysis, revealing the leading research countries, institutions, and authors, as well as the distribution of keywords.
Results
A total of 2002 records were identified for analysis. The United States had the most significant number of published articles and total citations. La Trobe University from Australia and Hospital for Special Surgery in the United States were not only the two institutions with the most publications, but also the highest collaborative network. Foot & Ankle International has the highest number of publications, the total citations, and the h-index. In addition, Menz HB, Coughlin MJ, and Hannan MT were the three most influential authors who might determine the focus and direction of the study. Keyword analysis identified three hot research clusters. "Percutaneous," "pronation," and "minimally invasive surgery" have received more attention in recent years.
Conclusion
Our research illustrated the current status and trends in the HV field from 2004 to 2021. The map of research on HV obtained by our analysis is expected to help researchers efficiently and effectively explore HV.
A novel sustainable platform for scaled manufacturing of double-stranded RNA biopesticides
Authors: Nwokeoji Alison Obinna , Nwokeoji Eleojo Ahuva , Chou Tachung , Abou Togola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) represents one of the most conserved pathways evolved by eukaryotic cells for regulating gene expression. RNAi utilises non-translatable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules to sequester or degrade mRNA molecules gene. In RNAi, specifically-designed exogenous dsRNA delivered to the cell can silence a target gene, a phenomenon that has been exploited in many functional studies and explored in biopesticide applications. The search for safe and sustainable crop pest management options drives the need to offset the effect of inorganic pesticides on biodiversity. The prospect of replacing inorganic pesticides with dsRNA crop spray is gaining popularity, enhanced by its high-target specificity and low-environmental impact. However, for dsRNA to reach the pesticide market, it must be produced cost-effectively and sustainably. In this paper, we develop a high-yield expression media that generates up to 15-fold dsRNA yield compared to existing expression media utilising 1mM IPTG. We also optimise a low-cost purification method that generates high-quality and purified dsRNA. The developed method circumvents the need for hazardous chemical reagents often found in commercial kits or commercial nucleases to eliminate contaminating DNA or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) species. We also demonstrate that the production platform is scalable, generating 6.29 mg dsRNA from 259 mg wet E. coli cell pellet. The results also provide structural insights into the heterogeneous dsRNA species within the microbial-derived dsRNA pool. Finally, we also show that the purified 'naked' dsRNA, without prior formulation, can induce insect toxicity under field conditions. This study provides a novel, complete, low-cost process dsRNA platform with potential for application in industrial dsRNA production.
Branching variation of saphenous nerve and great saphenous vein
Authors: Yılmaz İlyas , Diner Gülnur , Vatansever Alper , Özdemir Senem Turan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Saphenous nerve is the terminal branch of femoral nerve. After passing from femoral triangle to adductor canal, it pierces aponeurotic structure between gracilis and sartorius and becomes superficial at the medial of knee. It extends distally with great saphenous vein at the medial of leg and divides its terminal branches at the proximal end of medial malleolus. Great saphenous vein forms as a continuation of the medial marginal vein. It extends proximally on medial side of the leg and thigh and drains into the femoral vein within femoral triangle. Case Report: A different anatomical variant of the terminal branching pattern of the saphenous nerve and anatomical differences in the superficial veins which join great saphenous vein in 80-year-old male cadaver were reported in this case.Conclusion: Being aware about different terminal branching patterns of the saphenous nerve and differences of superficial veins which drain into the great saphenous vein could be useful for physicians during regional surgical approaches.
Intergration of Rotation Forest and MultiBoost Ensembles with Forest by Penalizing Attributes for Spatial Prediction of Landslide Susceptibility
Authors: Pham Binh Thai , Iqbal Mudassir , jamal Arshad , Dam Nguyen Duc , Phong Tran , Costache Romulus , Le Hiep , Thi Hanh Bich , Prakash Indra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dien Bien province is considered one of the most prone to landslides areas of Vietnam. This study focused on developing landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) for the study area using advanced machine learning prediction models, namely, Forest by penalizing attribute (FPA) and its optimized versions employing random forest (RF) and multibostAB (MAB) algorithms. For this purpose, distance to rivers, elevations, distance to roads, NDVI, faults, curvature, slope, flow accumulation, SPI, geological, TWI, and aspect were taken as input parameters. These attributes were used to calculate land susceptibility indices (LSIs) using the Frequency ratio (Fr) method, which was considered the target variable in this study. Landslide susceptibility was classified into five classes; very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The performance of the developed models was assessed using AUC curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPA, and NPA. All the three models manifested reliable predictions with a good accuracy level, FPA-MAB being the most accurate one. The value of AUC for FPA-MAB was calculated as 0.985 and 0.814 for the training and testing data, respectively. The developed models were used to generate landslide susceptibility models that can accurately be sued for disaster risk management of the study area.
TRIM37 exacerbates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by facilitating IKK pathway through TRAF6 stimulation and IKKγ translocation
Authors: Yang Hang , Huang Zuotian , Luo Yunhai , Lei Dengliang , Yan Ping , Shen Ai , Liu Wenbin , Li Dewei , Wu Zhongjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major pathological processes among various liver surgery. However, there is still a lack of strategies against hepatic I/R injury because of the unrevealed inner mechanism. Here we report that tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37) aggravates hepatic I/R injury through reinforcement of IKK-induced inflammation following dual patterns. Mechanically, TRIM37 directly interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) thus igniting K63 ubiquitination, eventually leading to the phosphorylation of IKKβ. Meanwhile, TRIM37 enhances translocation of IKKγ, a regulatory subunit of IKK complex, from nucleus to cytoplasm thereby stabilizing cytoplasmic IKK complex and prolonging the duration of inflammation. Inhibition of IKK could rescue the function of TRIM37 both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the present study discloses the critical role of TRIM37 facilitating hepatic I/R injury by activating IKK axis. Targeting TRIM37 might be potential for treatment against hepatic I/R injury.
The incidence of xerostomia in healthy population with e-cigarettes or combustible tobacco: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Lili , guo xingtong , Li Lan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence of xerostomia in healthy population with e-cigarettes or/and combustible tobacco.METHODSThe following electronic databases will be searched in this study: Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wan-Fang Database from inception to 31 March 2022, will be independently carried out by two researchers (XG and LL). The language will be limited to Chinese and English. The data will be analysed using Stata 15.0, and report the prevalence of dry mouth in different healthy smokers.RESULTSTen studies with a total sample size of 5161 cases were included in this study. The overall incidence of dry mouth was 0.27% [95% CI (0.17,0.37)] in the health smoking population and 0.31% [95% CI (0.21,0.42)] in the e-cigarette population. In the combustible tobacco population, the incidence of dry mouth was 0.34% [95% CI (0.1,0.58)].CONCLUSIONSCurrent evidence suggests that the prevalence of xerostomia is high in healthy smoking populations. These findings are restricted by the number and quality of included studies and need to be validated by additional high-quality studies.
Highfold Symmetrical Oscillatory Planar Hall Effect in Topological Kagome Metal
Authors: Shen Bing , Li Leyi , Yi Enkui , Wang Bin , Yu guoqiang , Yan Zhongbo , Wang Meng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Exploration of novel transport behavior for quantum materials is of great interest and importance for revealing exotic orders to bring new physics. In this work, we report the observation of novel prominent planar Hall effect (PHE) and anisotropic magnetoresistivity (PAMR) in strange kagomme metal KV3Sb5. The PHE and PAMR, which are driven by an in-plane magnetic field and display sharp difference from other Hall effects driven by an out-of-plane magnetic field or magnetization, exhibit exotic highfold symmetrical oscillations in sharp contrast to those following empirical rule only allowing twofold symmetrical oscillations. These highfold symmetrical oscillations exhibit strong field and temperature dependence and vanish around charge density wave (CDW) transition. The unique transport properties suggest a significant interplay of the lattice, magnetic and electronic structure in KV3Sb5. This interplay can couple the hidden anisotropy and transport electrons leading to the novel PHE and PAMR in contrast to other materials.