bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological pesticides and solvents with low toxicity reduce motility and activity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Wang Dong Ya , Wu Chao Rong , Xuan Zi Qi , Wu Hai Yan 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is an international quarantine forest disease that damages pine forests over extensive areas and causes massive economic losses. To provide valuable guidelines on screening pesticides against B. xylophilus and the selection of common solvents, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of emamectin benzoate, matrine and four solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide) on the mortality and locomotor behaviour of B. xylophilus. Emamectin abamectin has nematicidal activity and mitigates locomotor activity of B. xylophilus at a low concentration. The LC50 of emamectin benzoate was 0.0354 mg l−1 at 72 h. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus mortality following exposure to matrine was low; however, nematode locomotor activity decreased by 62.5% following exposure to 500 mg l−1 matrine for 8 h. Additionally, B. xylophilus locomotor activity decreased significantly following exposure to 5 and 10% methanol, ethanol, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) when compared with that of the water control. Emamectin benzoate and matrine, and high concentrations of four solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and DMSO) inhibit B. xylophilus movement, which, in turn, could affect nematode infectivity. Moreover, low concentrations of non-lethal doses of emamectin benzoate should be considered for application in the control of nematodes, with matrine being an environmentally friendly and potentially nematicidal agent.
An Account of Suhrawardī’s Allegories in Light of the Illuminationist Philosophy
Authors: Homazadeh Mahdi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I seek to explain Suhrawardī’s method of writing his allegories – how he draws upon his philosophical principles to construct forms and plots of his stories. To do so, I begin by delineating two key doctrines of his Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) ontology: the world of Forms (‘ālam al-muthul) and the discontinuous imaginal world (‘ālam al-mithāl al-munfaṣil). I provide an account of the history of these two doctrines and the nature of these two worlds, and then consider some of their functions for, and effects on, Suhrawardī’s explanations and analyses. I will then deal with Suhrawardī’s allegories, pinpointing particular effects of the belief in the world of Forms and the imaginal world on his symbolisms and allegories. Distinguishing three main spiritual-mystical notions in Suhrawardī’s allegories, I elaborate upon the role of the above two doctrines in his construction of characters and fictional events, whereby I demystify certain symbols in these stories. I conclude that there is a close tie between Suhrawardī’s allegories and his philosophical doctrines. Thus, his spiritual doctrines are presented in a symbolic form in certain allegorical characters and adventures. The deployment of characteristics of the world of Forms and the imaginal world plays a central role here.
Kansyore Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers Abandoned the Northeastern Lake Victoria Shoreline during an Arid Period in the Middle Holocene: A Reconsideration of Dates from Western Kenya with New Radiometric and Faunal Evidence from the Namundiri A Shell Midden, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Jones Mica B. , Tibesasa Ruth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kansyore pottery-using groups of the northeastern Lake Victoria Basin represent one of only a few examples of ‘complex’ hunter-gatherers in Africa. Archaeologists link evidence of specialized fishing, a seasonal land-use cycle between lake and riverine sites, and intensive investment in ceramic production to behavioral complexity after 9 thousand years ago (ka). However, a gap in the Kansyore radiocarbon record of the region between ~7 and 4.4 cal ka limits explanations of when and why social and economic changes occurred. This study provides the first evidence of lakeshore occupation during this temporal break at the only well-studied Kansyore site in eastern Uganda, Namundiri A. Within the context of other sites in nearby western Kenya, radiometric and faunal data from the site indicate a move from the lake to a greater reliance on riverine habitats with middle Holocene aridity ~5–4 cal ka and the arrival of food producers to the region after ~3 cal ka.
The Foundations of Hiroshi Motoyama’s Integral Education
Authors: Brophy Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Integral education is poised to become a unifying principle for global higher education that is suffering from fragmentation and disconnection from the essence of being human. Integral education does everything that conventional education does, and also categorically more by integrating multiple domains of learning and growth. Integral education can identify its roots with Integral Yoga and the integral philosophy developed contemporaneously by Sivananda and Aurobindo as a grand synthesis of all psychospiritual practices and theories, both Eastern and Western. These common roots can be traced in a direct line to two institutions founded specifically for integral education in the U.S.: the California Institute of Integral Studies (ciis) founded by Haridas Chaudhuri and also to the California Institute for Human Science (cihs) founded by Hiroshi Motoyama. Although the founders independently developed their philosophies of integral education, they identified their roots in the Aurobindo-Sivananda Integral Yoga synthesis. Motoyama was a realized yogi as well as an educator and scientist. The educational and operational principles by which he founded cihs included the practice of methods for embodied psychospiritual growth. (All such methods are called “yogas” in the Vedanta tradition.) Although Motoyama developed his philosophy independently, his yoga roots mesh with those of Sri Aurobindo’s Integral Yoga which is commonly thought of as the origin of integral education in the West. Moreover, Motoyama approved of Aurobindo’s educational approach (Timothy Laporte, private communication).
On Becoming a Person: Perspectives from Carl Rogers, Huineng, Wang Yangming, and Ken Wilber
Authors: Zhu Caifang , Liu Hongyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy published in 1961 is believed to be the most well-known book written by Carl Rogers, the quintessential humanistic psychologist and psychotherapist. Chapter 6 seems to represent the core of this book: What It Means to Become a Person? To this seminal question, Rogers gives a four-fold answer: A person who has become himself demonstrates the following qualities: openness to experience, trust in one’s own organism, an internal locus of evaluation, and willingness to be a process. Much of Rogers’ conception of a person who has emerged from therapy and become himself sounds familiar to Chinese readers who know Huineng, the real founder of Chan Buddhism in the eighth century China and Wang Yangming, a neo-Confucian philosopher in the 15th and 16th century China. This paper will try to present a brief comparative study of the concept and performance of a highly functional person who has become himself from the standpoint of Rogers, Huineng, Wang and Wilber. We will focus the discussion on two fundamental questions: What does it mean to become oneself (Who am I)? How do we actualize ourselves?
After counseling tens of thousands of clients over a couple of decades, Carl Rogers (1902–1987) summarized as a psychotherapist that the various problems of his clients boil down to one search, “‘Who am I, really? How can I get in touch with this real self, underlying all my surface behavior? How can I become myself?” (Rogers, 2020, p. 108). From this Rogers extrapolates that the purpose of education, like counseling and psychotherapy, is to provide facility to allow students to become themselves. Like the client-centered therapy, which later is renamed as person-centered therapy (Rogers, 1980), the method in education is the student-centered approach (Rogers, 1951, 1961/2020). In the following I will elucidate the views and practices of Rogers, Huineng and Wang around the two questions: Who am I? How could I become myself?
Counter-Cultural Groups in the Age of Covid: Ravers, Travellers and Legal Regulation
Authors: Ashford Chris , O’Brien Mark 
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic once again brought into sharpened focus the contested relationships of marginalised groups in the criminal law sphere, and the liminal (re-)regulation of space. Over the course of the last four decades, the law has borne witness to an episodic yet regular intertwining of the fortunes of arguably two elements of Britain's counterculture: ravers and travellers, specifically ‘new age’ travellers. The two groupings of peoples have had a long, complex and often uncomfortable and fractious relationship both with English law, and also its enforcement agencies. This is perhaps particularly evident in the criminal law provisions and sometimes questionable enforcement of the Public Order Act 1986 and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, through to the social and environmental provisions of the Caravan Sites Act 1968, Entertainments (Increased Penalties) Act 1990, and subsequent provisions. Both the groupings of ravers and travellers have been faced with a series of legislative and administrative measures that, directly or indirectly, curtail or otherwise restrict their choices as to activities, lifestyles and behaviours. The article analyses how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to some long-established legal and regulatory themes being once again played out in relation to these two counter-cultural groups.
Anorexia nervosa, weight restoration and biological siblings: Differences and similarities in clinical characteristics
Authors: Phillipou Andrea , Gurvich Caroline , Castle David J , Rossell Susan L 
Published: February 2022

Objective Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with clinical characteristics including eating disorder symptomatology, negative mood states, perfectionism and cognitive inflexibility. Whether these characteristics differ across illness stages, and are also present in first-degree relatives, demonstrating heritability, is unclear. The aim of this research was to compare current AN (c-AN), weight-restored AN (wr-AN), sisters of individuals with AN (AN-sis) and healthy controls (HC) on these measures. Method Eighty participants ( n = 20/group) completed the study. Results Eating disorder symptomatology was similar among c-AN and wr-AN groups, whereas the AN-sis did not differ from either wr-AN or HC. Anxiety was significantly higher in c-AN, wr-AN and AN-sis groups, relative to HC. Increased perfectionism was identified in the c-AN and wr-AN groups compared to AN-sis and HC on the ‘concern over mistakes’, ‘personal standards’ and ‘doubt and actions’ subscales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Group differences were not apparent on cognitive flexibility. Conclusions These findings suggest that anxiety may be a risk factor or linked to genetic susceptibility for AN, as well as specific aspects of perfectionism that relate to self-imposed standards.
Level of knowledge toward essential newborn care practices among postnatal mothers in governmental hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Masresha 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Essential newborn care is a set of comprehensive recommendations designed by the World Health Organization to improve the newborn’s health through intervention before conception, during pregnancy, soon after birth, and the postnatal period. Globally 4 million newborns die every year before they reach the age of 1 month. Therefore, this study assessed the level of knowledge and associated factors toward essential newborn care practices among postnatal mothers attending postnatal service in governmental hospital of Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020 Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Harar Town, Jugul, and HiwotFana Specialized University Hospital. Voluntary postnatal mothers who are randomly selected were participated in the study. A total number of 266 women were included in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The training was given for data collectors, and data evaluation was done on daily basis. Cleaned data were entered to SPSS version 20, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used for better prediction of determinants and to reduce bias due to confounders. Those variables with a p value less than 0.25 were entered into multiple logistic regression analyses. Associations with p value less than 0.05 were declared as statistically significant. Text, figures, and tables presented the result. Result: The overall prevalence of good knowledge was 57.2%. Educational status, average monthly income, antenatal care visit, and parity had significantly associated with outcome variables. Conclusion: More than half of mothers had inadequate newborn care knowledge. In addition, educational status, average family monthly income, frequency of antenatal care visit, and parity were independently associated with knowledge on essential newborn care. Therefore, more significant improvement in essential newborn care practices could be attained through policy implications and recommendations. Therefore, we recommend that stakeholders of the health sector have a close follow-up on maternal and newborn care services and maintain a strategy that will incorporate maternal education service on essential newborn care practice.
The Role of Ultrasonography and Elastography in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Breast Masses With Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Sakalecha Anil Kumar , Parameshwar Keerthi B H , Savagave Shivaprasad G. , Naik Bukke Ravindra 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Elastography has the potential in differentiating benign from malignant masses. The objectives of the study were to evaluate morphology of the breast masses with routine ultrasonography and elastography, to assess the role of elastography and conventional B-mode ultrasonography in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses and to correlate elastography and B-mode ultrasonography results with pathologic findings. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months from January 2018 to June 2019 on 86 patients with 101 clinically palpable breast lumps who underwent B-mode ultrasonography and elastography of the breast. Baseline data, sonographic features, a modified color score, and mean strain ratio were recorded and compared with final diagnosis. Results: Sonography showed a sensitivity of 89.8%; specificity of 96.15%; positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.65% and 90.91%, respectively; and overall diagnostic accuracy of 93.07%. New modified dual color score showed sensitivity of 97.8%, specificity of 87.0%, PPV of 86.79%, and NPV of 87.08% with a diagnostic accuracy of 92.08%. The risk of missing a malignant case with the new modified dual color score was 2.1%. Mean strain ratio showed sensitivity of 100%; specificity of 98.11%; PPV and NPV of 97.96% and 100%, respectively; and diagnostic accuracy of 99.01%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the promise of elastography in identifying possible breast malignancies, thus preventing unnecessary invasive procedures.
The superior accuracy of a novel method in total hip wear calculations following radiographic measurement
Authors: So Kazutaka , Goto Koji , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Kuroda Yutaka , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Polyethylene wear is one of the major concerns of orthopedic surgeons. However, there is no standardized calculation method for the wear rate following radiographic measurement. The purpose of this study was to propose a novel method of wear calculation and to compare its accuracy with a representative conventional method.

Methods
Relative position of the center of the femoral head to that of the cup progresses in one direction following arthroplasty surgery because of bedding-in and wear. We predetermined the amount of bedding-in, wear rate, and random error in measuring the head center position in a 2-dimensional plane. We calculated the wear rate using the head center coordinates over a certain number of measurement periods using a representative conventional method and our novel method. The conventional method consisted of transforming vector data into scalars and conducting a least-squares method. The least-squares method was directly applied to each component of the vector in the novel method. We evaluated the accuracy of these methods by comparing the expected value for the wear rate with their predetermined true values.

Results
If the error were limited to being random, the novel method could provide the predetermined wear rate as the calculation result. However, the conventional method could not.

Conclusion
We recommend using the novel method for the wear calculation rather than the conventional method because of its mathematical accuracy.
Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro
Authors: Cid-Chevecich Camila , Müller-Sepúlveda Andrea , Jara José Antonio , López-Muñoz Rodrigo , Santander Rocío , Budini Mauricio , Escobar Alejandro , Quijada Raúl , Criollo Alfredo , Díaz-Dosque Mario , Molina-Berríos Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Recurrence and resistance of Candida spp. infections is associated with the ability of these microorganisms to present several virulence patterns such as morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. In the search for agents with antivirulence activity, essential oils could represent a strategy to act against biofilms and to potentiate antifungal drugs.

Objective
To evaluate the antivirulence effect of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (O-EO) against Candida spp. and to potentiate the effect of fluconazole and nystatin.

Methods
The effect of O-EO was evaluated on ATCC reference strains of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through broth microdilution assay. Adhesion to microplates was determined by crystal violet (CV) assay. An adapted scratch assay in 24-well was used to determine the effect of essential oil on biofilms proliferation. Viability of biofilms was evaluated by MTT reduction assay and through a checkerboard assay we determined if O-EO could act synergistically with fluconazole and nystatin.

Results
MIC for C. albicans ATCC-90029 and ATCC-10231 was 0.01 mg/L and 0.97 mg/L, respectively. For non-albicans Candida strains MIC values were 2.6 mg/L for C. dubliniensis ATCC-CD36 and 5.3 mg/L for C. krusei ATCC-6258. By using these concentrations, O-EO inhibited morphogenesis, adhesion, and proliferation at least by 50% for the strains assayed. In formed biofilms O-EO decreased viability in ATCC 90029 and ATCC 10231 strains (IC50 7.4 and 2.8 mg/L respectively). Finally, we show that O-EO interacted synergistically with fluconazole and nystatin.

Conclusions
This study demonstrate that O-EO could be considered to improve the antifungal treatment against Candida spp.
The impact of Ethiopian community-based health extension program on diarrheal diseases among under-five children and factors associated with diarrheal diseases in the rural community of Kalu district, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Ahmed , Walelign Fentaye Fasil , Mekonen Asnakew Molla , Yasine Toyeb 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The health extension program is a community-based health care delivery program with eighteen defined packages. The main aim of the health extension program is to help to reduce child mortality. So, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of a health extension program on diarrheal disease under-five children in the rural community of Kalu district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to April/2021. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to get a total sample size of 556 (182 model households and 374 non-model households) with a response rate of 92.22%. Binary logistic regression analysis was done, and P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Propensity score matching analysis was used to determine the contribution of health extension program “model households” on diarrhea diseases among under-five children. The average treatment effect on the treated was calculated to compare the means of outcomes across model and non-model households.

Results
Health extension program (HEP) model household contributed a 17.7% (t = -5.02) decrease in children’s diarrheal diseases among under-five children compared with HEP non-model households. Mothers from non-model households were 2.19 times more likely to develop under-five children diarrheal diseases AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio): 2.19, 95% CI: 1.34–3.57 than mothers from model households. Households who got no frequent home visits were 3.28 times more likely to develop under-five diarrheal diseases AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio): 3.28, 95% CI: 1.40–7.68.

Conclusion
When the health extension program is implemented fully (model household), the prevalence of under-five diarrheal disease in the rural community could decrease. The need to develop supportive strategies for the sustainability of model households and encouraging households to be model households is very important.
Model-based patient matching for in-parallel pressure-controlled ventilation
Authors: Wong Jin Wai , Chiew Yeong Shiong , Desaive Thomas , Chase J. Geoffrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Surges of COVID-19 infections have led to insufficient supply of mechanical ventilators (MV), resulting in rationing of MV care. In-parallel, co-mechanical ventilation (Co-MV) of multiple patients is a potential solution. However, due to lack of testing, there is currently no means to match ventilation requirements or patients, with no guidelines to date. In this research, we have developed a model-based method for patient matching for pressure control mode MV.

Methods
The model-based method uses a single-compartment lung model (SCM) to simulate the resultant tidal volume of patient pairs at a set ventilation setting. If both patients meet specified safe ventilation criteria under similar ventilation settings, the actual mechanical ventilator settings for Co-MV are determined via simulation using a double-compartment lung model (DCM). This method allows clinicians to analyse Co-MV in silico, before clinical implementation.

Results
The proposed method demonstrates successful patient matching and MV setting in a model-based simulation as well as good discrimination to avoid mismatched patient pairs. The pairing process is based on model-based, patient-specific respiratory mechanics identified from measured data to provide useful information for guiding care. Specifically, the matching is performed via estimation of MV delivered tidal volume (mL/kg) based on patient-specific respiratory mechanics. This information can provide insights for the clinicians to evaluate the subsequent effects of Co-MV. In addition, it was also found that Co-MV patients with highly restrictive respiratory mechanics and obese patients must be performed with extra care.

Conclusion
This approach allows clinicians to analyse patient matching in a virtual environment without patient risk. The approach is tested in simulation, but the results justify the necessary clinical validation in human trials.