bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current attitudes toward neuroanatomy: a comparative cross-sectional survey of neurosurgeons from the United Kingdom and around the world.
Authors: Pandit Anand S , Joshi Shivani , Khan Mehdi , Jelen Maria B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: How attitudes towards neuroanatomy and preferences of studying resources vary by grade or geographical location amongst neurosurgeons is currently unknown. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anatomy learning habits is also yet to be elucidated. In this study we explore these objectives, aiming to guide the development of future neurosurgeon-tailored anatomy education and resources.Methods: This was a 2-stage, cross-sectional survey. A local pilot survey was followed by a structured 17-item questionnaire which was distributed to neurosurgical trainees and consultants via social media, newsletters, and mailing lists. Survey data was collected from 20/09/2021 to 20/12/2021. Grade and nationality differences in sentiment agreement and frequency were statistically compared.Results: A total of 365 responses were received, with an overall survey response rate of 23.2% (25% U.K. response rate; 15.2-30.7% international response rate). Overall, neuroanatomy is highly regarded among most neurosurgeons and takes a central role in their professional identity. Yet, 69% of neurosurgeons stated they would like to spend more time learning neuroanatomy. Frequent prompts to study included perceived operative complexity (90%), lack of familiarity (92%) and teaching (89%) whereas factors such as operative responsibility and patient risk significantly varied by grade. Grade-dependent obstacles limiting neuroanatomy learning included financial barriers and lack of motivation, with personal commitments barriers significantly varying across geographical location. Surgical relevance (89%), accessibility (90%) and image quality (90%) were important factors when selecting anatomy resources, with cost and up-to-datedness being significantly more important to trainees than consultants. Online image searches, case-based and multidisciplinary discussions were the most frequently used learning method outside of theater. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift towards online or virtual resources, whilst also causing a greater impact on neuroanatomy learning amongst trainees and U.K.-based neurosurgeons.Conclusions: Attitudes towards neuroanatomy and preferences of resources vary by grade and location of neurosurgeons. Although neuroanatomy is a highly regarded, barriers exist which impede those who wish to pursue further neuroanatomy learning. Neurosurgical training programs should tailor anatomy education according to the seniority and background of their residents. Furthermore, resources that are surgically relevant, accessible and of high image-quality or more likely to be better utilized. Remedial learning after the COVID-19 pandemic must account for persistent gaps in teaching, utilizing cadaveric and operative exposure which cannot be replicated virtually.
Root Foraging Precision: Do Experimental Conditions Matter?
Authors: Stiblíková Pavlína , Weiser Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Root foraging precision, i.e., preferential root proliferation in nutrient-rich patches in heterogeneous soil, contributes significantly to plant nutrient acquisition. The ability to forage is usually studied experimentally, but often under different conditions. It remains unclear whether different experimental conditions affect root foraging precision. We studied the effect of experiment duration, pot size and method of root separation (inclusion or exclusion of coarse roots) on root foraging precision and its estimation. This allowed us to comment upon the appropriateness of using root foraging as species-specific values in databases and meta-analyses.Methods: We cultivated three perennial species in pots with spatially heterogeneous nutrient supplies and manipulated the experiment duration (4 – 10 weeks). We partly replicated the experiment in two consecutive years. In two of the three species, we compared outcomes when root types were separated and unseparated, and for one species, we also manipulated pot size. We assessed the effects of the manipulated factors on foraging precision expressed as the ratio of root biomass in nutrient-rich and poor patches.Results: Root foraging precision was not affected by experiment duration or pot size. Separating roots to use only the fine ones for root foraging assessment amplified foraging precision values and reduced their intraspecific variation.Conclusions: Our study investigated various methods of root foraging research and their impact on root foraging precision. Root foraging precision is invariable to the studied factors; therefore, it is suitable as a species-specific trait if other factors (such as nutrient patch characteristics) are considered.
New Mineral Names: High-Pressure and Precious Minerals
Authors: Celestian Aaron J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this issue of New Mineral Names, a thematic approach is used to help provide context for advances and discoveries in mineralogy. Recovered high-pressure minerals are not commonplace, rare platinum group elements tend to be recovered from important ore bodies, and then there are the minerals/collections that are culturally important and significant to the history of science. Here we investigate the newly discovered high-pressure minerals and highly precious minerals: davemaoite, kaitianite, elgoresyite, oberthüite, torryweiserite, palladothallite, fleetite, tamuraite, marathonite, palladogermanite, and kernowite.
Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation in removal of phosphonate chelators from water
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Yihang , Feng Mingyang , Yuan Guang-En 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the performances of electrocoagulation (EC) and chemical coagulation (CC) in removing phosphonate chelators (PCs) from water were explored and compared. As the representative of PCs, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid) (NTMP) could be efficiently removed in acid and neutral electrolyte by Fe-EC and at the pH range of 3.0–9.0 by Al-EC process. Precipitation pH had a slight impact on NTMP removal by Fe-CC, while Al-CC process could remove NTMP effectively only at the precipitation pH of 6.0. Fe-EC and Al-CC consumed much less iron or aluminum than the corresponding Fe-CC and Al-EC processes. Part of NTMP was degraded into phosphate during Fe-EC process, and high-valent iron (Fe(VI)O2+) was identified as the key active species responsible for its degradation through quenching experiments. Coexisting substances had no obvious impact on NTMP removal in Al-EC, Fe-CC and Al-CC processes, but NO3− and CO32− inhibited significantly in Fe-EC process. The other PCs could be also removed efficiently in all EC and CC processes but 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid. By comparison, Fe-EC process is considered as a promising technology for PCs removal from water due to its efficiency, easy accessibility and no addition of exogenous chemicals.
Supramolecular Chirality in Porphyrin Self-Assembly Systems in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Travagliante Gabriele , Gaeta Massimiliano , Purrello Roberto , D’Urso Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The self-assembly process appears as a powerful and attractive strategy for constructing
complex supramolecules by the spontaneous organization of appropriate building
blocks. In this scenario, water-soluble porphyrinoids lend themselves as ideal paradigms to
disclose the self-assembly phenomenon by exploiting their well-known tendency to build aggregates
in aqueous media via weak non-covalent forces. Nevertheless, the spontaneous organization
of achiral porphyrins can result in a final chiral superstructure moving away from single-
molecule behaviour to supramolecular chirality. Therefore, over the years numerous attempts
have been implemented to investigate how a porphyrin aggregate, made up of achiral
monomers, becomes not-symmetric and which processes govern the bias for a certain enantiomeric
assembly rather than another. Thus, in this mini-review, we exclusively discuss the
main strategies for designing and building chiral aggregates in water from achiral porphyrin monomers, with particular
regard to their chiroptical features.
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Associated
with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tian Yichen , Lei Yongrong , Fu Yuna , Sun Heng , Wang Jianhua , Xia Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death,
which can be attributed to the high incidence and first diagnosis at an advanced stage. Tyrosine kinase
inhibitors (TKIs), a class of small-molecule targeting drugs, are primarily used for the clinical
treatment of HCC after chemotherapy because they show significant clinical efficacy and low incidence
of clinical adverse reactions. However, resistance to sorafenib and other TKIs, which can be
used to treat advanced HCC, poses a significant challenge. Recent mechanistic studies have shown
that epithelial-mesenchymal transition or transformation (EMT), ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters,
hypoxia, autophagy, and angiogenesis are involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, HCC cell proliferation,
and TKI resistance in patients with HCC. Exploring and overcoming such resistance
mechanisms is essential to extend the therapeutic benefits of TKIs to patients with TKI-resistant
HCC. This review aims to summarize the potential resistance mechanism proposed in recent years
and methods to reverse TKI resistance in the context of HCC.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Extracts from Different
Parts of Aristolochia longa L.
Authors: Beldi Hakima , Yahia Abdelouahab , Guettaf Sofiane , Bensouici Chawki , Gali Lynda 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae), known as Berreztam, is frequently
used in traditional medicine to manage several diseases and has been the subject of several
studies. However, its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) has not yet been reported. Thus, the present work aimed to study the anticholinesterase and
antioxidant activities of extracts from different parts of A. longa from the Mila region (Algeria).

Methods:
Phytochemical screening and quantitative determination of total phenolic, flavonoids,
and flavonols were performed by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated
using four complementary tests (ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and β-carotene-linoleic acid), and the
inhibitory effect of the extracts on AChE and BChE was carried out by Elman’s method.

Results:
Polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, and terpenes were revealed in the extracts,
while saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, and mucilages were absent. The
plant was found to have high levels of phenolic compounds (values between 46.33 ± 8.39 176.56 ±
4.00 mg/g), with the leaves being found to be the richest part. Methanolic extract of leaves and
stems showed the highest antioxidant activity evaluated. The extracts showed negligible inhibitory
effect on AChE but showed a potential effect on BChE, especially the methanolic extract of roots
was the most potent (IC50=23.09 ± 1.81 μg/mL).

Conclusion:
These results suggest a possible use of the different parts of Aristolochia longa as a
source of bioactive compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-butyrylcholinesterase properties.
DSAE-Impute: Learning Discriminative Stacked Autoencoders for Imputing
Single-cell RNA-seq Data
Authors: Gan Shengfeng , Deng Huan , Qiu Yang , Alshahrani Mohammed , Liu Shichao 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Due to the limited amount of mRNA in single-cell, there are always many
missing values in scRNA-seq data, making it impossible to accurately quantify the expression of singlecell
RNA. The dropout phenomenon makes it impossible to detect the truly expressed genes in some
cells, which greatly affects the downstream analysis of scRNA-seq data, such as cell cluster analysis
and cell development trajectories.

Objective:
This research proposes an accurate deep learning method to impute the missing values in
scRNA-seq data. DSAE-Impute employs stacked autoencoders to capture gene expression characteristics
in the original missing data and combines the discriminative correlation matrix between cells to
capture global expression features during the training process to accurately predict missing values.

Method:
We propose a novel deep learning model based on the discriminative stacked autoencoders to
impute the missing values in scRNA-seq data, named DSAE-Impute. DSAE-Impute embeds the discriminative
cell similarity to perfect the feature representation of stacked autoencoders and comprehensively
learns the scRNA-seq data expression pattern through layer-by-layer training to achieve accurate
imputation.

Result:
We have systematically evaluated the performance of DSAE-Impute in the simulation and real
datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that DSAE-Impute significantly improves downstream
analysis, and its imputation results are more accurate than other state-of-the-art imputation methods.

Conclusion:
Extensive experiments show that compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the imputation
results of DSAE-Impute on simulated and real datasets are more accurate and helpful for downstream
analysis.
Optical Tree Net (OTN) Logic Circuits Using Mechanical Movable Mirrors
Authors: Chattopadhyay Tanay , Gayen Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Utilizing mirror movement precisely, one can undoubtedly make a diverse
way for light. The movable mirror can be placed in the path of an optical tree net to perform different
operations.

Objective:
In this paper, we have performed different logic, arithmetic, and one-bit data comparison
operations using mechanical movable mirrors.

Methods:
Using two controls with three movable mirrors and two fixed mirrors, we can perform four
basic logic operations. Then using these four basic operations, we can design sixteen different logic
operations, a half adder, and one-bit data comparison operations.

Results:
Because of an adaptable mirror arranging and course component, expansion incidents can be
decreased to an incredibly low level. The necessary voltage is under 0.5 V. The power utilization is
about 3.5 mW for an exchanging component.

Conclusions:
Moreover, this plan is extremely straightforward in a sense and designed using linear optical
materials. The principle of operation of this circuit is based on the reflection of light from
MEMS-based optical switches.
ASPIRASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN JARAK JAUH DI KAMPUNG RAMAH ANAK SURYOWIJAYAN RW 01 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wicaksono Yoga Asadi Unggul 
Published: April 2022

This research aims to describe people's aspirations for distance education (PJJ) during the pandemic, factors that affect aspiration, and the implementation of distance education in Kampung Ramah Anak (KRA) Suryowijayan RW 01. Research uses a qualitative approach. The research subjects consist of students, parents, and community leaders. Data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with interactive analysis consisting of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The validity of the data is tested by triangulation of sources and techniques. The aspirations of the community show that the implementation of PJJ in KRA has not been effective. The aspirations of the community consist of the need for coordination of all components of education, school innovation, improved teacher professionalism, KRA optimization, and increased parental responsibility are discussed in this article. These aspirations are formed by being influenced by personal factors and environmental factors.Keywords: Community Aspiration, Distance Learning, Child-Friendly Village
Kesetaraan Gender melalui Strategi Pengarusutamaan Gender di Lembaga Diklat P4TK TK dan PLB Bandung
Authors: Nona Adinda Dhafa 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan potret kesetaraan gender melalui strategi pengarusutamaan gender di lembaga diklat P4TK TK dan PLB Bandung. Selain itu, mengidentifikasi bagaimana faktor pendukung dan penghambat Pengarusutamaan Gender yang ada di P4TK TK dan PLB Bandung.
PERAN TRI PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DALAM PROGRAM PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER (PPK) DI SD UNGGULAN AISYIYAH BANTUL
Authors: Dewi Fitriana Pristi Sari 
Published: April 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran tri pusat pendidikan dalam program PPK di SD Unggulan Aisyiyah Bantul. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan metode triangulasi. Hasil penelitian: (1) Peran tri pusat pendidikan: penyusun dan pengontrol pelaksanaan program, teladan karakter siswa, evaluasi keterlaksanaan program, pemberi kritik dan saran dalam proses penyusunan program, pembentuk dan pengontrol karakter anak. (2) Program PPK yaitu Religius, Nasionalisme, Mandiri, Gotong Royong, Integritas, proses penyusunan program melalui pertemuan rutin tahun ajaran baru dihadiri tenaga pendidik, wali murid, dan masyarakat. (3) Faktor pendukung yaitu dukungan dan pantauan karakter siswa dari berbagai pihak, sarana prasarana mencukupi, orang tua kooperatif, komunikasi antar guru cukup baik. Faktor penghambatnya guru masih menitikberatkan nilai akademik, jam kerja guru terbagi-bagi, gadget mengganggu perkembangan karakter anak, banyak informasi dari luar tidak difilter oleh orang tua, belum maksimalnya sarana prasarana dan kegiatan di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Peran Tri Pusat Pendidikan, Penerapan Program, PPK Abstract This study aims to describe role of three education center in strengthening character education program at SD Unggulan Aisyiyah Bantul. This research a qualitative descriptive. Data analysis techniques use data condensation steps, data display, and verifying conclusions. The validity measured in this research by using source triangulation. The results of the study: (1) Role of Tri Education Center: the author and controller of the program, the example of the student character, evaluation of program implementation, critics and suggestions in the process of drafting the program, forming and controlling the child's character. (2) The PPK program is religious, nationalism, independent, mutual cooperation, integrity, the process of drafting the program through regular meetings of the new school year attended by educators, parents, and society. (3) Supporting factors are the support and monitoring of the character of students from various parties, adequate infrastructure facilities, parents cooperative, communication between teachers is good enough. A factor in the avoidance of the teachers still prioritize academic values, teachers working hours divided, gadgets interfere with the development of children's character, much information from the outside is not filtered by the elderly, not maximal infrastructure and activities in community. Keywords: Role of Three Education Centers, Implementing of Programs, PPK
KULTUR SEKOLAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI PUJOKUSUMAN 1 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Murti Elsa 
Published: April 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kultur sekolah di SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yakni pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembudayaan kultur sekolah di SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Artifak fisik yang dimiliki SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta telah menggambarkan kultur positif dan dapat memberikan suasana sejuk, sehat dan nyaman bagi seluruh warga sekolah. (2) Artifak non fisik yang dimiliki SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta berupa interaksi warga sekolah yang baik, dan kegiatan rutin sekolah seperti upacara bendera setiap hari senin, salam pagi yang dilakukan setiap hari sebelum pembe lajaran, serta menyanyikan lagu nasional. (3) Nilai-nilai yang dibudayakan di SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta adalah nilai kebersihan, berprestasi, kedisiplinan, religius, kejujuran dan sopan santun. (4) Program-program yang dilakukan dalam membangun kultur sekolah di SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta adalah program TPA, sholat Jumat, Jumat bersih, senam pagi setiap hari Jumat, ekstrakurikuler di bidang olahraga dan kesenian serta pembentukan 8 tim inti yaitu tim lomba, Ujian Nasional, adiwiyata, ramah Anak, literasi, pembelajaran, sarana dan prasarana, dan ekstrakurikuler. Kata kunci: Kultur Sekolah, SD Negeri Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta AbstractThis research aims at describing school culture in Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta. This method of research uses a qualiti approach, The type of research is a qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the cultural culture of schools in Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta is as follows. (1) Physical artifacts owned by Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta has described a positive culture and can provide an atmosphere Cool, healthy and comfortable for all the school citizens. (2) Non-physical artifacts owned by Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta form the interaction of good school citizens, and routine school activities such as the flag ceremony every Monday, greetings morning done every day before the study, and sing Anthem. (3) The values that are cultivated in Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta is the value of cleanliness, achievement, discipline, religious, honesty and courtesy. (4) programs conducted in building school culture in Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta is TPA Program, Friday prayers, SEMUTLIS, clean Friday, morning gymnastics every Friday, extracurricular in the field of Sports and artistry and the establishment of 8 core teams, namely race teams, national examinations, adiwiyata, child-friendly, literacy, learning, facilities and infrastructure, and extracurricular. Keywords: School culture, Elementary School of Pujokusuman 1 Yogyakarta