bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Food: How we went wrong
Authors: Shahzad Aamir 
Published: April 2022

The editorial, ‘Our food: How we went wrong' in your recent Life and Science magazine (Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 2022) needs rephrasing and a bit of explanation. The editorial represents the journal's official standing on a scientific issue. So it has to be carefully worded.
The editorial referred above claims, ‘Glucose is not a mandatory fuel for metabolizing tissue cells. Protein and fat deficiencies are known to cause disorders. There is no disease produced by absence of glucose from diet.'
This statement gives an impression that glucose is not essential for the human body as its deficiency does not lead to any chronic deficiency disease, (unlike fats and protein, so they are more essential). This statement is likely to create misunderstanding. Infant glucose is extremely essential and life depends upon its uninterrupted supply to vital organs. Its deficiency is not known to cause any disease as a low glucose level below a certain limit will result in death within a few minutes. That's why our body homeostasis does not allow glucose to be decreased critically and immediately starts gluconeogenesis to convert amino acids and fatty acids to glucose.
There are certain conditions in which the capacity of gluconeogenesis is overwhelmed and all those situations are considered urgent life threatening situations.
Claim that, 'Sugars and starches have addictive potential' is likely to stretch the definition of 'Addiction' to a new unscientific limit. Moreover in the said editorial, it is mentioned that our forefathers who were hunter-gatherer perhaps had great health given their circumstances favoring better survival based on diverse foods. This phrase is also in need of further elaboration. There is no medical/archeological evidence that hunter-gatherers enjoyed better health or more life expectancy. Rather it is the other way round. With advancement of modern science, overall health and life expectancy has improved a lot.
In Fact the problem nowadays is lack of physical activities, use of refined sugars, and processed food leading to an epidemic of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Although the editorial does mention these facts as well but still some further explanation is essential. Most of the diet programs (like Mediterranean and DASH diet) suggest 50% of daily calories from carbohydrate, 30 % from Protein and 20% from fat. Keto diet is still debatable as far as its long term effects on health are concerned.
How to cite this: Shahzad A. Our Food: How we went wrong. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 81-81. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.008
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Comparison of Primary Outcomes in Extra-Abdominal Versus Intra-Abdominal Uterine Repair at Caesarean Section: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kashif Sanum , Hanif Asia 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare extra-abdominal repair of uterine incision, in caesarean section with in situ repair, in terms of duration of surgery.Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Gynae and Obstetrics Department of CMH Abbottabad from May 2016 to Nov 2017.Materials and Methods: A total of 362 patients were randomized by creating permuted blocks of 6. In Group A (n=181), uterus was exteriorized, following delivery of baby and in Group B (n=181) in-situ repair of uterus was performed. Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) with Pfannenstiel incision was made, with uterine repair in two layers. Data was collected by the trainee herself on the annexed pro forma. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.Results: The mean age of participants was 29.57 ± 5.79 years while mean age in group-A was 29.09 ± 5.52 years and in group-B was 30.04 ± 6.02 years. The mean gestational age in group-A and group-B was 37.26 ± 3.05 weeks and 37.24 ± 2.98 weeks respectively. The mean operative time in group-A was significantly lower (34.90 ± 5.84 minutes) then group-B (36.25 ± 6.36 minutes), p-value = 0.036 (< 0.05)Conclusion: The surgical time in extra abdominal uterine repair in caesarean sections was significantly short as compared to intra-abdominal repair, so exteriorization of uterus is more advantageous than in situ repair in terms of postoperative recovery.
How to cite this: Kashif S, Hanif A. Comparison of Primary Outcomes in Extra-Abdominal Versus Intra-Abdominal Uterine Repair at Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 79-82. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.185
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Regional Lymph Node Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer: Single Anterior Supraclavicular Field vs. Two Anterior and Posterior Opposed Supraclavicular Fields
Authors: Anwer Attique , Ijaz Ahmed , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare different alternatives for the two regional Auxiliary lymph node (AXLN) and Supraclavicular lympnode (SCLNs) treatment programs by providing a perfect balance of homogeneity and by arranging target volume coverage.Study Design: Cross sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from 11th March 2020 to 11th September 2020 at the oncology ward of the Tertiary Care Hospital, Multan.Materials and Methods: Forty breast cancer patients were included in the study. A three-dimensional (3D) planning system and a 6MV Compact machine technique were planned for the patients with breast cancer treated with post-surgery radiation that included the SC field.Results: The minimum weight of these patients was 40kg, maximum 110kg. The minimum height was 148cm, the highest 175cm. Measurements averaged 63.5kg and 163.5cm respectively. The depth of the SC was 3-7 cm whereas the diameter of the chest wall was 12-21 cm. Body mass index has a relation with the mean of both the diameter of the chest wall and SC depth.Conclusion: Two anterior and posterior opposed supraclavicular field is a better choice for the treatment as compared to single anterior supraclavicular fields. Several hot spots were produced at the two anterior and posterior opposed supraclavicular fields due to the use of single-photon.
How to cite this: Anwer A, Ijaz A, Arshad M. Regional Lymph Node Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer: Single Anterior Supraclavicular Field vs. Two Anterior and Posterior Opposed Supraclavicular Fields. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 70-74. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.202
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
SATISFAÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS DE SERVIÇO DE FISIOTERAPIA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Sardinha Souza Lopes Wilinghton , Salgado Xavier Daniel 
Published: April 2022

A satisfação em saúde consiste na expectativa e na percepção dos indivíduos quanto ao serviço recebido, diante do exposto três aspectos relevantes devem ser observados: a atenção técnica, a relação interpessoal e o ambiente físico. A avaliação da satisfação é uma importante ferramenta qualitativa na gestão em sáude, uma vez que diante dos resultados obtidos, medidas resolutivas poderão ser implementadas a fim de garantir que haja uma melhor percepção por parte dos usuários acerca dos serviços prestados. Resultados produzem crescimento no setor, além de representar uma oportunidade de conquistar o público alvo dos serviços. A meta é inferir dados sobre a qualidade e a satisfação dos usuários de serviços em fisioterapia no Brasil. As pesquisas foram realizadas nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO e PubMed considerando os unitermos fisioterapia, satisfação do paciente, gestão da informação em saúde no periodo de 2012 a 2022. Foram selecionados 6 estudos para análise, dentro do métodode revisão e posterior produção deste estudo. De modo geral, os usuários se mostraram satisfeitos em relação à prestação de serviço em fisioterapia. Em geral as clínicas-escola foram os serviços mais bem avaliados, o que de certa forma parece sugerir que os usuários se sentem confortáveis em serem atendidos por estagiários.
A Partial Filament Eruption in Three Steps Induced by External Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Dai Jun , Li Zhentong , Wang Ya , Xu Zhe , Zhang Yanjie , Li Leping , Zhang Qingmin , Su Yingna , Ji Haisheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present an investigation of partial filament eruption on 2012 June 17 in the active region NOAA 11504. For the first time, we observed the vertical splitting process during the partial eruption with high-resolution narrowband images at 10830 Å. The active filament was rooted in a small δ-sunspot of the active region. Particularly, it underwent the partial eruption in three steps, i.e., the precursor, the first eruption, and the second eruption, while the latter two were associated with a C1.0 flare and a C3.9 flare, respectively. During the precursor, slow magnetic reconnection took place between the filament and the adjoining loops that also rooted in the δ-sunspot. The continuous reconnection not only caused the filament to split into three groups of threads vertically but also formed a new filament, which was growing and accompanied brightening took place around the site. Subsequently, the growing filament erupted together with one group splitted threads, resulted in the first eruption. At the beginning of the first eruption, a subsequent magnetic reconnection occurred between the erupting splitted threads and another ambient magnetic loop. After about 3 minutes, the second eruption occurred as a result of the eruption of two larger unstable filaments induced by the magnetic reconnection. The high-resolution observation provides a direct evidence that magnetic reconnection between filament and its ambient magnetic fields could induce the vertical splitting of the filament, resulting in partial eruption.
High-precision Calibration of the Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Guoqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
High-precision magnetic field measurements are of great significance for the in-depth study of the physical processes in the astrophysical plasma environment. To obtain accurate natural magnetic fields, in-flight calibration is one key step to obtaining zero offset of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetometer (FGM). Mirror mode structures, widely existing in the solar wind and planetary magnetosheaths and magnetospheres, can be used to calculate the zero offset. However, it is difficult to obtain an accurate zero offset by the current methods using mirror mode structures in the planetary magnetosheath. Here, we develop a new method to calculate the zero offset of the spaceborne FGM using magnetic dips, which are a kind of mirror mode structure. This method is based on the assumption that the magnetic field is zero in the cross section of the magnetic dip. Our method is able to calculate the zero offset using only one magnetic dip. We test this method by using the data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, and find that the calculation errors of 78.1% of the estimated zero offsets are <0.5 nT when using 25 magnetic dips in the terrestrial magnetosheath. This suggests that our method is able to achieve a high accuracy of the zero offset in the planetary magnetosheath.
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Spicular Jet Propagation Applied to Lower Solar Atmosphere Model. II. Case Studies with Tilted Jets
Authors: Mackenzie Dover Fionnlagh , Sharma Rahul , Erdélyi Robertus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on numerical simulations of a propagating momentum pulse, representing an inclined jet structure in a stratified lower solar atmosphere model. Here, the numerical jets were generated via injection of a momentum pulse misaligned with the radial magnetic field, which resulted in a collimated structure that mimicked the observed inclined jet features in the chromosphere. The influence of inclination angle was examined for a variety of initial driver conditions (amplitude, period) and magnetic field magnitudes to identify their potential role in determining the morphological and dynamical characteristics of chromospheric jets. The numerical jets in our computational domain were consistent with the observed magnitudes of apex height and cross-sectional width for average inclination of chromospheric features. Furthermore, with an increasing misalignment between the momentum pulse and ambient magnetic field, the simulated structures showed a drop in the maximum apex height and length, while an increase in cross-sectional width magnitudes. Our numerical experiments also revealed the development of a pulse-like transverse motions in jets along with high density edges/nodes in the direction of jet displacement. It is postulated that dynamic kink instability might be responsible for the observed kinematic behavior of the inclined jet structures in the solar chromosphere.
The Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 7089 (M2)
Authors: Grillmair Carl J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using photometry and proper motions from Gaia Early Data Release 3, we detect a 45° long trailing stellar debris stream associated with the old, metal-poor globular cluster NGC 7089. With a width on the order of 100 pc, the extended stream appears to be as dynamically cold as the coldest known streams found to date. There is some evidence for an extended leading tail extending between 28° and 37° from the cluster, though the greater distance of this tail, combined with proper motions that are virtually indistinguishable from those of foreground stars, make the detection much less certain. The proper motion profile and the path on the sky of the trailing tail are not well matched using a simple Galactic potential composed purely of a disk, bulge, and spherical halo. However, the addition of a moving, massive (M = 1.88 × 1011
M
⊙) Large Magellanic Cloud brings the model predictions into much better agreement with the observables. We provide tables of the most highly ranked candidate stream stars for follow-up by ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys.
Surface Brightness Profile of Lyman-α Halos out to 320 kpc in HETDEX
Authors: Lujan Niemeyer Maja , Komatsu Eiichiro , Byrohl Chris , Davis Dustin , Fabricius Maximilian , Gebhardt Karl , Hill Gary J. , Wisotzki Lutz , Bowman William P. , Ciardullo Robin , Farrow Daniel J. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Gawiser Eric , Gronwall Caryl , Jeong Donghui , Landriau Martin , Liu Chenxu , Cooper Erin Mentuch , Ouchi Masami , Schneider Donald P. , Zeimann Gregory R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present the median-stacked Lyman-α (Lyα) surface brightness profiles of 968 spectroscopically selected Lyα emitting galaxies (LAEs) at redshifts 1.9 < z < 3.5 in the early data of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment. The selected LAEs are high-confidence Lyα detections with high signal-to-noise ratios observed with good seeing conditions (point-spread function FWHM <1.″4), excluding active galactic nuclei. The Lyα luminosities of the LAEs are 1042.4–1043 erg s−1. We detect faint emission in the median-stacked radial profiles at the level of

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from the surrounding Lyα halos out to r ≃ 160 kpc (physical). The shape of the median-stacked radial profile is consistent at r < 80 kpc with that of much fainter LAEs at 3 < z < 4 observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), indicating that the median-stacked Lyα profiles have similar shapes at redshifts 2 < z < 4 and across a factor of 10 in Lyα luminosity. While we agree with the results from the MUSE sample at r < 80 kpc, we extend the profile over a factor of two in radius. At r > 80 kpc, our profile is flatter than the MUSE model. The measured profile agrees at most radii with that of galaxies in the Byrohl et al. cosmological radiative transfer simulation at z = 3. This suggests that the surface brightness of a Lyα halo at r ≲ 100 kpc is dominated by resonant scattering of Lyα photons from star-forming regions in the central galaxy, whereas at r > 100 kpc, it is dominated by photons from galaxies in surrounding dark matter halos.
Systematics in the Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Parameter Estimation of Composite Galaxies
Authors: Zine Katherine , Salim Samir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Derivation of physical properties of galaxies using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is a powerful method, but can suffer from various systematics arising from model assumptions. Previously, such biases were mostly studied in the context of individual galaxies. In this study, we investigate potential biases arising from performing the SED fitting on the combined light of two galaxies, as would be the case in postmerger systems. We use the GALEX-SDSS-WISE Legacy Catalog of z < 0.3 galaxies to identify 9000 galaxy pairs that could eventually merge. For these we investigate if the UV/optical SED fitting accurately determines the stellar mass and (specific) star formation rate (sSFRs) if the pair was unresolved (merged). The sum of the stellar masses (and star formation rates (SFRs)) of individual galaxies in the pair establishes the ground truth for these quantities. For star-forming galaxies no biases (<0.1 dex) are found in the stellar mass, SFR, or sSFRs. Moderate systematics in SFR (∼0.1 dex) are found for systems with an extreme contrast in dust content between the two galaxies. We conclude that biases that would arise in the determination of masses and SFRs of postmerger systems on account of the two original galaxies having potentially very different star formation histories and different dust properties are small and that the approach with simple two-component star formation histories is adequate. The approach presented in this study, using flux compositing with empirically determined ground truth, offers new opportunities for testing the results of SED fitting in general.
General Relativistic Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations of Black Hole Accretion Disks: Comparison of Methods Based on Variable Eddington Tensor and Based on M1 Closure
Authors: Asahina Yuta , Ohsuga Ken 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We perform 2.5-dimensional general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations of black hole accretion disks and disk winds in the range of mass accretion rate from 0.1 to 104.5 times the Eddington limit. In this paper, we compare the results of the INAZUMA code, in which the frequency-integrated time-dependent radiation transfer equation is solved in order to evaluate the Eddington tensor, with those of the first momentum (M1) approximation method. In both methods, accretion disks and disk winds appear, and there is no remarkable difference in accretion rate, outflow rate, or luminosity. However, the significant difference in the radiation field appears around the rotation axis. In the M1 method, the radial component of the radiation flux tends to be amplified owing to unphysical radiation collisions. Such an enhancement of the outward radiation flux does not appear in INAZUMA. Also, the problem of radiation not reaching the rotation axis occurs with M1, but not with INAZUMA. Our results indicate that the radiation transfer equation should be solved to obtain the accurate radiation field in the optically thin region around the rotation axis.
Gas-phase Metallicity Profiles of Star-forming Galaxies in the Modified Accretion Disk Framework
Authors: Wang Enci , Lilly Simon J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Simulations indicate that the inflow of gas of star-forming galaxies is almost coplanar and corotating with the gas disk, and that the outflow of gas driven by stellar winds and/or supernova explosions is preferentially perpendicular to the disk. This indicates that the galactic gas disk can be treated as a modified accretion disk. In this work, we focus on the metal enhancement in galactic disks in this scenario of gas accretion. Assuming that the star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) is of exponential form, we obtain the analytic solution of gas-phase metallicity with only three free parameters: the scale length of ΣSFR (h
R), the metallicity of the inflowing gas, and the mass-loading factor defined as the wind-driven outflow rate surface density per ΣSFR. According to this simple model, the negative gradient of gas-phase metallicity is a natural consequence of the radial inflow of cold gas that is continuously enriched by in situ star formation as it moves toward the disk center. We fit the model to the observed metallicity profiles for six nearby galaxies chosen to have well-measured metallicity profiles extending to very large radii. Our model can well characterize the overall features of the observed metallicity profiles. The observed profiles usually show a floor at the outer regions of the disk, corresponding to the metallicity of inflow gas. Furthermore, we find the h
R of ΣSFR inferred from these fits agree well with independent estimates from ΣSFR profiles, supporting the basic model.
Historical distribution of the Garden Dormouse in Poland
Authors: Cichocki Jan , Klimaszewski Krzysztof , Ważna Agnieszka , Wojtowicz Błażej , Sobczuk Maria , Suchecka Agnieszka 
Published: April 2022

The Garden Dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), is the rarest species of the Gliridae family in Central Europe. So far, information on the occurrence of this species in Poland is based mainly on historical data in the literature. The presence of the Garden Dormouse is additionally confused by the occurrence of the Forest Dormouse (Dryomys nitedula) of similar appearance. The range of both species overlap in Poland, and they have often been distinguished incorrectly.
The aim of the research was to critically analyse the known localities of the Garden Dormouse in Poland, using both literature data and museum collections. The analysis of museum collections indicated errors in species identification, where specimens of the Forest Dormouse were usually described as a Garden Dormouse. New, previously unknown, localities have also been found. Most numerous in the collections are specimens from the vicinity of Babia Góra (Western Carpathians), where 5 individuals were caught in the early 1960s. Another occurrence of the Garden Dormouse in the Carpathians was recorded in Zakopane in the second half of the 19th century. Another region of the species’ occurrence is the area of Lusatia, in the lowland, western part of the country, where one specimen was found. The last specimen was found in Silesia in the first half of the 20th century. The remaining literature information should be considered uncertain. The last certain information about the occurrence of the Garden Dormouse in Poland comes from the 1960s from Zawoja (vicinity of Babia Góra) and since then, despite intensive searches in the 1970s and 1980s, this species has not been found in the localities where it was captured earlier. There have been significant changes in the landscape in the areas where the species historically occurred. The mosaic of mountain pastures, arable fields and small spruce forests, constituting a favourable habitat for the Garden Dormouse, has been replaced by beech forests, which are currently dominated by the Edible Dormouse (Glis glis).