bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of novel agrowaste‐based cellulosic micro fillers from Borassus flabellifer flower for polymer composite reinforcement
Authors: Sunesh Narayana Perumal , Indran Suyambulingam , Divya Divakaran , Suchart Siengchin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, interest in new natural cellulosic materials is increasing due to their higher properties and the motivation for researchers to advance high‐performance bio‐based composites. This study aimed at understanding the physicochemical and morphological properties, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of Borassus flabellifer flower micro‐sized cellulosic fillers. Cellulose has some unique properties, such as good mechanical properties, low density, biocompatibility, thermal stability, and biodegradability. The acid hydrolysis method was used to extract cellulose from the dried B. flabellifer flower. The crystallinity index value and crystalline size were calculated through X‐ray diffraction for the extracted microcrystalline cellulose and found to be 69.81% and 70.73 nm, respectively. The morphology of the extracted cellulosic filler was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and ImageJ software. The average size of the micro filler was found to be 26 μm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the extracted cellulose fillers being free from lignin, hemicelluloses, and other non‐cellulosic materials. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface roughness of the cellulose was less than 66 nm. The results showed that an agricultural residue can be converted into a valuable micro‐sized cellulosic filler material for polymeric composite applications that can withstand processing temperature up to 200°C. Here, the naturally occurring source of B. flabellifer flower could be used as a valuable substitute for more traditional sources like wood and cotton for the production of nanocellulose, nano‐additives, or nano‐reinforcing agents for water‐soluble biopolymers.
Food tree species selection for nutrition‐sensitive forest landscape restoration in Burkina Faso
Authors: Vinceti Barbara , Fremout Tobias , Termote Celine , Fallas Conejo Diego , Thomas Evert , Lachat Carl , Toe Laeticia Celine , Thiombiano Adjima , Zerbo Issouf , Lompo Djingdia , Sanou Lassina , Parkouda Charles , Hien Alain , Ouédraogo Oumarou , Ouoba Hermann 
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact StatementModern food systems push agriculture to focus on a small number of commercial crops, while there is a very large diversity of untapped edible plants that could be used to address food security and nutrition. Poor and monotonous diets are closely linked to the complex burden of multiple forms of malnutrition and dietary risk. In some contexts, such as West Africa, micronutrient deficiency risks are particularly pronounced. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide people with healthy diets supported by sustainable food systems. Within this context, using nutrition‐sensitive forest landscape restoration to combat environmental degradation could contribute towards ensuring the year‐round availability of nutritious tree‐based food.Summary

Diverse diets are important to deliver adequate amounts of the nutrients essential to human health. The consumption of a diversity of food groups is challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa. Trees play an important role in the direct provision of nutritious food items. Forest landscape restoration presents an opportunity to reverse the loss of useful trees, due to degradation, and increase representation of food tree species in the landscape.
Here we focused on characterizing the contributions that different food products from trees can make to improving diet diversity in Burkina Faso. A scoring system was developed, based on seasonal availability of edible products and food groups covered, and was integrated into a freely available decision‐making tool that enables carrying out context‐specific, optimal choices of tree species to be considered in forest landscape restoration.
Our inventory included 56 food tree species, largely Fabaceae (18 species), providing 81 edible products, mainly fruits (supplied by 79% of tree species), followed by seeds (52%) and leaves (41%). The main food groups represented are ‘Other fruits’ (other than vitamin A‐rich fruits) (covering 52% of the edible products) and dark‐green leafy vegetables (29%). About two thirds of the species listed produce more than a single edible product, a few up to four. A total of 11 species supplied edible products throughout the year.
Our results clearly show that seasonal scarcity of food and nutrients in Burkina Faso can be partly mitigated by consuming edible tree products. The methodology can be easily scaled to other geographies.
Real‐world use of inhaled treprostinil for lung disease‐pulmonary hypertension: A protocol for patient evaluation and prescribing
Authors: Johnson Shelsey W. , Finlay Lauren , Mathai Stephen C. , Goldstein Ronald H. , Maron Bradley A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInhaled treprostinil was approved recently for interstitial lung disease‐pulmonary hypertension; however, efficacy in “real‐world” populations is not known. We designed a protocol and report our experience evaluating 10 patients referred for therapy. Misdiagnosis at presentation was common; ultimately, three patients (30%) were prescribed drug. This protocol offers an opportunity to standardize longitudinal assessment of inhaled treprostinil in clinical practice.
Clinical significance of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: A consensus statement from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute's innovative drug development initiative—Group 3 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nikkho Sylvia M. , Richter Manuel J. , Shen Eric , Abman Steven H. , Antoniou Katerina , Chung Jonathan , Fernandes Peter , Hassoun Paul , Lazarus Howard M. , Olschewski Horst , Piccari Lucilla , Psotka Mitchell , Saggar Rajan , Shlobin Oksana A. , Stockbridge Norman , Vitulo Patrizio , Vizza Carmine Dario , Wort Stephen J. , Nathan Steven D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) has been linked to worse outcomes in chronic lung diseases. The presence of PH in the setting of underlying Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is strongly associated with decreased exercise and functional capacity, an increased risk of hospitalizations and death. Examining the scope of this issue and its impact on patients is the first step in trying to define a roadmap to facilitate and encourage future research in this area. The aim of our working group is to strengthen the communities understanding of PH due to lung diseases and to improve the care and quality of life of affected patients. This introductory statement provides a broad overview and lays the foundation for further in‐depth papers on specific topics pertaining to PH‐ILD.
Highly Reversible Sodium Metal Battery Anodes via Alloying Heterointerfaces
Authors: Deng Yue , Zheng Jingxu , Zhao Qing , Yin Jiefu , Biswal Prayag , Hibi Yusuke , Jin Shuo , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a promising pathway toward low‐cost, long‐duration energy storage, rechargeable sodium batteries are of increasing interest. Batteries that incorporate metallic sodium as anode promise a high theoretical specific capacity of 1166 mAh g−1, and low reduction potential of −2.71 V. The high reactivity and poor electrochemical reversibility of sodium anodes render sodium metal anode (SMA) cells among the most challenging for practical implementation. Here, the failure mechanisms of Na anodes are investigated and the authors report that loss of morphological control is not the fundamental cause of failure. Rather, it is the inherently poor anchoring/root structure of electrodeposited Na to the electrode substrate that leads to poor reversibility and cell failure. Poorly anchored Na deposits are prone to break away from the current collector, producing orphaning and poor anode utilization. Thin metallic coatings in a range of chemistries are proposed and evaluated as SMA substrates. Based on thermodynamic and ion transport considerations, such substrates undergo reversible alloying reactions with Na and are hypothesized to promote good root growth—regardless of the morphology. Among the various options, Au stands out for its ability to support long Na anode lifetime and high reversibility (Coulombic Efficiency > 98%), for coating thicknesses in the range of 10–1000 nm. As a first step toward evaluating practical utility of the anodes, their performance in Na||SPAN cells with N:P ratio close to 1:1 is evaluated.
Unearthing open source decision‐making processes: A case study of python enhancement proposals
Authors: Nand Sharma Pankajeshwara , Tony Roy Savarimuthu Bastin , Stanger Nigel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGood governance practices are pivotal to the success of Open Source Software (OSS) projects. However, the decision‐making processes that are made available to stakeholders are at times incomplete and may remain buried and hidden in large amounts of software repository data. This work bridges this gap by unearthing enacted decision‐making processes available for Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) from 1.54 million email messages that embody decisions made during the evolution of the Python language. This work employs a design science approach in operationalizing a framework calledDeMaP minerthat is used to discover hidden processes using information retrieval and information extraction techniques. It also uses process mining techniques to visualize the processes, and comparative structural analysis techniques to compare different decision processes. The work identifies a richer set of decision‐making activities than those reported on the Python website and in prior research work (48 new decision activities, 199 new pathways and 6 new stages). The extracted decision process has been positively evaluated by a prominent member of the Python steering council. The extracted process can be used for process compliance checking and process improvement in OSS communities. Additionally, the DeMaP Miner framework can be extended and customized to suit other OSS projects, such as the OpenJDK project.
Dynamic failure behaviors of reinforced‐concrete based on the split‐Hopkinson pressure bar tests
Authors: Deng Yongjun , Lv Taihong , Chen Xiaowei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present study, using the pulse‐shaping technique and high‐speed photography, large‐dimension (Ф120 mm × 100 mm) Split‐Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests of reinforced‐concrete specimens with two types of rebar configurations (Ø and #) were conducted. Three typical failure patterns, denoted as “exterior failure,” “interior failure,” and “complete failure,” were observed. The reflection waves of “exterior failure” all exhibited a “single‐peak” followed by a period of approximately constant‐strain rate loading. For “interior failure” and “complete failure,” the “double‐peaks” phenomenon appeared in the reflection waves of reinforced‐concrete, but the “compression wave” of the transmission wave was weakened and gradually disappeared. Meanwhile, for plain‐concrete and reinforced‐concrete, the postpeak behavior of the stress–strain curves included three stages, that is, stress‐drop, stress‐buffer, and stress‐softening. The main role of the rebars in the reinforced‐concrete was reflected in the postpeak behavior of the stress–strain curve, which exhibited plastic flow behavior as the metal materials. The stability of the rebar frame directly affected the efficiency of the rebars. Additionally, the weak interfacial effect of the smooth rebar between the concrete yielded a counterintuitive test result, that is, at the same strain rate, the dynamic compressive strength of the reinforced‐concrete was lower than that of the plain‐concrete. However, owing to its toughness and deformation ability, the rebar frame provided good protection of the internal concrete.
Science at the center: Meaningful science learning in a preschool classroom
Authors: Raven Sara , Wenner Julianne A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEven though children are natural scientists, many preschools isolate and limit science, which can cause children to miss out on valuable learning experiences and school readiness skills. Additionally, minimizing science at the preschool level fails to set a solid foundation for K‐12 science education. In this single case study, we focused on the experiences and daily work of one constructivist‐oriented preschool teacher who utilized science‐based guided play and emergent curriculum as vehicles for important aspects of preschool learning. Findings demonstrate that with careful planning and intention, science can be utilized as a context for nonscience preschool learning objectives outlined by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, such as socioemotional development and early literacy. Further, being purposeful about taking up children's ideas about science can lead to rigorous engagement in the three dimensions of science found in the A Framework for K‐12 Education as well as the Nature of Science. What is notable in this case study is that the teacher did not fundamentally alter her instruction, nor did she take up a prescribed science curriculum; rather, she utilized children's science noticings and wonderings about the world to build meaningful learning experiences. In this way, we see the efforts and outcomes of this teacher being attainable by other preschool teachers. From these findings, we put forward the Integrated Preschool Science Framework that can be used by researchers and teacher educators to think more deeply about how placing science at the center of preschoolers' learning can provide rich opportunities for supporting preschools in multiple learning domains.
What do we know about the employment impacts of climate policies? A review of the ex post literature
Authors: Godinho Catrina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConcern around the employment impacts of climate mitigation policies can be a contentious and politized issue, with potentially limiting implications for climate action. It persists despite a significant ex ante literature that suggests that aggregate effects will most likely be limited and net positive. This review analyses 60 papers assessing the employment impacts of climate policies ex post, in 20 countries and 2 country groups. Eight broad mitigation policies are covered: (1) emissions trading, (2) carbon taxes, (3) feed‐in tariffs, renewable energy (4) procurement and (5) deployment, (6) green economy/jobs, (7) environmental regulation, and (8) other policies and regulations. The analysis confirms that employment impacts tend to be modest and net positive or neutral, but reveals that distributional outcomes can be uneven, disadvantaging certain groups and at times reinforcing existing inequalities. Additionally, lower quality jobs or weak labor market regulations may decrease the attractiveness of jobs created or increase job transition costs. These findings provide some justification for increased focus on how climate policies can ensure a “just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs” stipulated in the Paris Agreement, but also suggest that climate action should not be delayed for fear of widespread negative employment impacts. Ex post assessments offer an important lens into the determinants of climate policy employment outcomes and should be advanced and harnessed in support of accelerated and just action.This article is categorized under:Economics of Mitigation > Climate EconomicsSocial Justice and the Politics of Development > Climate and Development
Origins, evolution, and physiological implications of de novo genes in yeast
Authors: Parikh Saurin B. , Houghton Carly , Van Oss S. Branden , Wacholder Aaron , Carvunis Anne‐Ruxandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDe novo gene birth is the process by which new genes emerge in sequences that were previously noncoding. Over the past decade, researchers have taken advantage of the power of yeast as a model and a tool to study the evolutionary mechanisms and physiological implications of de novo gene birth. We summarize the mechanisms that have been proposed to explicate how noncoding sequences can become protein‐coding genes, highlighting the discovery of pervasive translation of the yeast transcriptome and its presumed impact on evolutionary innovation. We summarize current best practices for the identification and characterization of de novo genes. Crucially, we explain that the field is still in its nascency, with the physiological roles of most young yeast de novo genes identified thus far still utterly unknown. We hope this review inspires researchers to investigate the true contribution of de novo gene birth to cellular physiology and phenotypic diversity across yeast strains and species.
Entanglement wedge minimum cross-section for holographic aether gravity
Authors: Chen Chong-Ye , Xiong Wei , Niu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Yong , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS) in holographic Aether gravity theory, a gravity theory with Lorentz symmetry violation while keeping the general covariance intact. We find that only a limited parameter space is allowed to obtain a black brane with positive Hawking temperature. Subject to these allowed parameter regions, we find that the EWCS could exhibit non-monotonic behaviors with system parameters. Meanwhile, the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE), and the corresponding mutual information (MI), can only exhibit monotonic behaviors. These phenomena suggest that the EWCS could capture much more rich content of the entanglement than that of the HEE and the MI. The role of the Lorentz violation in determining the behaviors of quantum information-related quantities is also analyzed.
Lower buprenorphine elimination rate constant is associated with lower opioid use
Authors: Elarabi Hesham Farouk , Lee Amanda J. , Adem Abdu , Elrasheed Abuelgasim , Marsden John , Al Ghaferi Hamad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Opioid craving is suggested to correlate with the rate of reduction in buprenorphine (BUP) plasma levels. No studies explored Buprenorphine elimination rate constant (BUP EL.R) as a predictor of opioid use or retention in BUP treatment.

Methods
Analysis was performed using data from a randomized controlled trial of 141 adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) randomized to Incentivized Adherence and Abstinence monitoring (I-AAM; experimental (n = 70) and treatment-as-usual; control (n = 71). In the I-AAM, structured access to unsupervised BUP doses was provided up to 28 days contingent of adherence measured by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and abstinence by Urinary Drug Screens (UDS). In contrast, the treatment-as-usual (control) provided unstructured access to unsupervised doses was provided for up to 14 days considering UDS results. The primary outcome was percentage negative UDS. The secondary outcome, retention in treatment, was continuous enrollment in the study and analysis was via intention-to-treat. Significant bivariate correlations with the outcomes were adjusted for group allocation.

Results
A significant negative correlation between BUP EL.R and percentage negative opioid screens (Pearson correlation coefficient − 0.57, p < 0.01) was found. After adjusting for trial group, BUP EL.R was shown to be an independent predictor of percentage negative opioid screens (Standardized Beta Coefficient − 0.57, 95% CI − 221.57 to − 97.44, R2 0.322).

Conclusion
BUP EL.R predicted 32.2% of the variation in percentage negative opioid UDS and may serve as a potential promising tool in precision medicine of BUP treatment. Higher buprenorphine elimination is associated with higher positive opioid urine screens during treatment.

Trial registration
ISRCTN41645723 retrospectively registered on 15/11/2015.
Effects of a novel toll-like receptor 4 antagonist IAXO-102 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity
Authors: Tam Janine S. Y. , Crame Elise E. , Elz Aurelia S. , Coller Janet K. , Wignall Anthony , Prestidge Clive A. , Bowen Joanne M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) is a side effect of high-dose irinotecan (CPT-11), causing debilitating symptoms that are often poorly managed. The role of TLR4 in the development of GIM has been clearly demonstrated. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the potential of the TLR4 antagonist, IAXO-102, to attenuate gastrointestinal inflammation as well as supress tumour activity in a colorectal-tumour-bearing mouse model of GIM induced by CPT-11.

Methods
24 C57BL/6 mice received a vehicle, daily i.p. IAXO-102 (3 mg/kg), i.p. CPT-11 (270 mg/kg) or a combination of CPT-11 and IAXO-102. GIM was assessed using validated toxicity markers. At 72 h, colon and tumour tissue were collected and examined for histopathological changes and RT-PCR for genes of interest; TLR4, MD-2, CD-14, MyD88, IL-6, IL-6R, CXCL2, CXCR1, and CXCR2.

Results
IAXO-102 prevented diarrhoea in mice treated with CPT-11. Tumour volume in IAXO-102-treated mice was lower compared to vehicle at 48 h (P < 0.05). There were no differences observed in colon and tumour weights between the treatment groups. Mice who received the combination treatment had improved tissue injury score (P < 0.05) in the colon but did not show any improvements in cell proliferation or apoptotic rate. Expression of all genes was similar across all treatment groups in the tumour (P > 0.05). In the colon, there was a difference in transcript expression in vehicle vs. IAXO-102 (P < 0.05) and CPT-11 vs. combination (P < 0.01) in MD-2 and IL-6R, respectively.

Conclusion
IAXO-102 was able to attenuate symptomatic parameters of GIM induced by CPT-11 as well as reduce tissue injury in the colon. However, there was no effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. As such, TLR4 activation plays a partial role in GIM development but further research is required to understand the specific inflammatory signals underpinning tissue-level changes.
Long-term probabilistic temperature projections for all locations
Authors: Chen Xin , Raftery Adrian E. , Battisti David S. , Liu Peiran R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe climate change projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are based on scenarios for future emissions, but these are not statistically-based and do not have a full probabilistic interpretation. Raftery et al. (Nat Clim Change 7:637–641, 2017) and Liu and Raftery (Commun Earth Environ 2:1–10, 2021) developed probabilistic forecasts for global average temperature change to 2100, but these do not give forecasts for specific parts of the globe. Here we develop a method for probabilistic long-term spatial forecasts of local average annual temperature change, combining the probabilistic global method with a pattern scaling approach. This yields a probability distribution for temperature in any year and any part of the globe in the future. Out-of-sample predictive validation experiments show the method to be well calibrated. Consistent with previous studies, we find that for long-term temperature changes, high latitudes warm more than low latitudes, continents more than oceans, and the Northern Hemisphere more than the Southern Hemisphere, except for the North Atlantic. There is a 5% chance that the temperature change for the Arctic would reach 16 $$^\circ $$

∘

C. With probability 95%, the temperature of North Africa, West Asia and most of Europe will increase by at least 2 $$^\circ $$

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C. We find that natural variability is a large part of the uncertainty in early years, but this declines so that by 2100 most of the overall uncertainty comes from model uncertainty and uncertainty about future emissions.