bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic stars in modified gravity: An extended gravitational decoupling approach*
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Mishra B. , Ray Saibal , Nag Riju 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, we conduct an investigation on decoupling gravitational sources under the framework of

gravity. Basically, the complete geometric deformation technique is employed, which facilitates finding the exact solutions to the anisotropic astrophysical system smoothly without imposing any particular ansatz for the deformation function. In addition, we used 5-dimensional Euclidean spacetime in order to describe the embedding Class I spacetime in order to obtain a solvable spherical physical system. The resulting solutions are both physically interesting and viable with new possibilities for investigation. Notably, the present investigation demonstrates that the mixture of

+ CGD translates to a scenario beyond the pure GR realm and helps to enhance the features of the interior astrophysical aspects of compact stellar objects. To determine the physical acceptability and stability of the stellar system based on the obtained solutions, we conducted a series of physical tests that satisfied all stability criteria, including the nonsingular nature of density and pressure.
Pre-explosion Helium Shell Flash in Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Soker Noam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
I study the possibility that within the frame of the core degenerate (CD) scenario for type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) the merger process of the core of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star and the white dwarf (WD) maintains an envelope mass of ≈0.03 M
⊙ that causes a later helium shell flash. I estimate the number of pre-explosion helium shell flash events to be less than a few per cent of all CD scenario SNe Ia. A helium shell flash while the star moves to the left on the HR diagram as a post-AGB star (late thermal pulse—LTP) or along the WD cooling track (very LTP—VLTP) causes the star to expand and become a “born again” AGB star. Merger remnants exploding while still on the AGB form hydrogen-polluted peculiar SNe Ia, while an explosion inside an inflated born-again star results in an early flux excess in the light curve of the SN Ia. The fraction of systems that might show an early flux excess due to LTP/VLTP is <few × 10−4 of all SNe Ia, much below the observed fraction. In the frame of the CD scenario SNe Ia with early flux excess result from SN ejecta collision with planetary nebula fallback gas, or from mixing of 56Ni to the outer regions of the SN ejecta. Ongoing sky surveys might find about one case per year where LTP/VLTP influences the SN light curve.
Three-dimensional monopole-free CP
N−1 models: behavior in the presence of a quartic potential
Authors: Bonati Claudio , Pelissetto Andrea , Vicari Ettore 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the phase diagram and the nature of the phase transitions in a three-dimensional model characterized by a global SU(N) symmetry, a local U(1) symmetry, and the absence of monopoles. It represents a natural generalization of the gauge monopole-free (MF) CP
N−1 model, in which the fixed-length constraint (London limit) is relaxed. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations for N = 2 and 25, observing a finite-temperature transition in both cases, related to the condensation of a local gauge-invariant order parameter. For N = 2 results for the MF model are consistent with a weak first-order transition. A continuous transition would be possible only if scaling corrections were anomalously large. For N = 25 the results in the general MF model are also consistent with a first-order transition, that becomes weaker as the size of the field-length fluctuations decreases.
Design method of sensors for quantitative mechanical testing of nanomaterials in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhou Xinyang , Liu Zhan , Duan Yaoyong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Material structure at atomic scale determines its macroscopic physical and chemical properties. Transmission electron microscopy, as an effective and important technique for analyzing the microstructure of materials at atomic scale, has become an indispensable tool for studying the relationship between material properties and microstructure. According to the structure characteristics and working mode of transmission electron microscope, a design method of mechanical sensor based on piezoresistors is presented in this paper. The sensor can be used for in-situ quantitative tensile test in transmission electron microscope.
Towards the ultimate PMT waveform analysis for neutrino and dark matter experiments
Authors: Xu D.C. , Xu B.D. , Bao E.J. , Wu Y.Y. , Zhang A.Q. , Wang Y.Y. , Zhang G.L. , Xu Y. , Guo Z.Y. , Pei J.H. , Mao H.Y. , Liu J.S. , Wang Z. , Chen S.M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltage waveforms are the raw
data of many neutrino and dark matter experiments. Waveform analysis
is the cornerstone of data processing. We evaluate the performance
of all the waveform analysis algorithms known to us and find fast
stochastic matching pursuit the best in accuracy. Significant
time (up to × 2) and energy (up to × 1.07) resolution
boosts are attainable with fast stochastic matching pursuit,
approaching theoretical limits. Other methods also outperform the
traditional threshold crossing approach in time resolution.
A metamaterial with applications in broad band antennas used in radio astronomy and satellite communications
Authors: De Miguel J. , Franceschet C. , Realini S. , Fuerte-Rodríguez P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterials at microwave frequencies are
well established in industry and research. Recent work has shown how
a specific kind of metallic metamaterial can contribute towards
improving the performance of the feedhorn antennas used in radio
astronomy and satellite telecommunications. In this article, we
discuss an innovative type of meta-ring of remarkable
manufacturability, able to improve the state of the art in these
fields. A pioneering meta-horn antenna formed of meta-rings is then
fabricated and characterized in the laboratory. It shows an
excellent feature on an octave bandwidth, especially in terms of
cross-polarization, a key figure of merit in both radio astronomy
and telecommunications, and also side-lobe level, return-loss and
gain.
Corrigendum: The ropelength of complex knots (2021 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

54 445201)
Authors: Klotz Alexander R , Maldonado Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the initial version of the article (Klotz and Maldonado 2021 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
54 445201), an upper bound on the ropelength of (p, 2) torus links was found by considering a helix wrapped around a circle. The exact expression for the bound was determined using a small-angle approximation which was unjustified. Here we provide the correct expression, which has the same asymptotic behavior as the original.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections and Reinfections Among Fully Vaccinated and Unvaccinated University Athletes—15 States, January–November 2021
Authors: Good Mary K , Czarnik Michaila , Harmon Kimberly G , Aukerman Doug , O’Neal Catherine S , Day Carly , Goerl Kyle , Sifre Katlynn , Fink Steven , Riggs Margaret A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited data currently exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among fully vaccinated persons or reinfections in college-aged populations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnered with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions to analyze retrospective data and present characteristics of positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among student athletes 18 years of age and older.

Methods
De-identified, individual-level data contributed by 21 universities on 1378 student athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from January through November 2021 (pre-Omicron) were examined to determine percentages of infection among unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated individuals (breakthrough infections) as well as reinfections. Comparisons by demographic characteristics and regions were also made to further characterize these infections.

Results
Among the 1378 student athletes positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1070 (77.6%) were infected when unvaccinated and 22.4% (n = 308) were infected after full vaccination. There was a significant difference between Black (14.7%, n = 40) and White (23.9%, n = 168) student athletes who experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection after being fully vaccinated (P &lt; .01). Proportions of infections among fully vaccinated individuals did not differ statistically by sex (p = 0.06).

Conclusions
This article adds to the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infections among fully vaccinated individuals in college-aged populations. The level of infections among fully vaccinated student athletes indicates the need for maintaining precautions to prevent infection. Further study of COVID-19 vaccination, infection, and reinfection among the well-resourced and diverse population of student athletes might contribute further understanding of factors that play a role in health equity among young adults.
Pan-Cancer Detection and Typing by Mining Patterns in Large Genome-Wide Cell-Free DNA Sequencing Datasets
Authors: Che Huiwen , Jatsenko Tatjana , Lenaerts Liesbeth , Dehaspe Luc , Vancoillie Leen , Brison Nathalie , Parijs Ilse , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Fischerova Daniela , Heremans Ruben , Landolfo Chiara , Testa Antonia Carla , Vanderstichele Adriaan , Liekens Lore , Pomella Valentina , Wozniak Agnieszka , Dooms Christophe , Wauters Els , Hatse Sigrid , Punie Kevin , Neven Patrick , Wildiers Hans , Tejpar Sabine , Lambrechts Diether , Coosemans An , Timmerman Dirk , Vandenberghe Peter , Amant Frédéric , Vermeesch Joris Robert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis holds great promise for non-invasive cancer screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. We hypothesized that mining the patterns of cfDNA shallow whole-genome sequencing datasets from patients with cancer could improve cancer detection.

Methods
By applying unsupervised clustering and supervised machine learning on large cfDNA shallow whole-genome sequencing datasets from healthy individuals (n = 367) and patients with different hematological (n = 238) and solid malignancies (n = 320), we identified cfDNA signatures that enabled cancer detection and typing.

Results
Unsupervised clustering revealed cancer type-specific sub-grouping. Classification using a supervised machine learning model yielded accuracies of 96% and 65% in discriminating hematological and solid malignancies from healthy controls, respectively. The accuracy of disease type prediction was 85% and 70% for the hematological and solid cancers, respectively. The potential utility of managing a specific cancer was demonstrated by classifying benign from invasive and borderline adnexal masses with an area under the curve of 0.87 and 0.74, respectively.

Conclusions
This approach provides a generic analytical strategy for non-invasive pan-cancer detection and cancer type prediction.
Patients’ and GPs’ duties and responsibilities in long-term care after myocardial infarction: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives
Authors: Pohl Jonathan , Heintze Christoph , Herrmann Wolfram J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in Europe and around the world. Effective and individualized long-term treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction reduces mortality and the risk of recurrence and prevents secondary disease. However, there is little data on patients’ views.

Objective
To examine patients’ perspectives on long-term care after myocardial infarction.

Methods
A qualitative interview study with patients after myocardial infarction in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. Fifteen episodic interviews were conducted, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using framework analysis.

Results
Participants consistently emphasized major functions fulfilled by general practitioners: monitoring, advice, diagnosis, referral, coordination. Furthermore, other functions such as empathy and feeling emotionally valued. Major patient roles emerged such as information sharing, lifestyle change, and coping. Responsibility toward doctors was expressed in terms of active participation in describing their symptoms, following the doctor’s directions, and sharing in decision-making. Self-responsibility in participants showed 2 contrasting approaches. On the one hand, a passive attitude (acceptance, helplessness), and on the other, active resistance and taking action.

Conclusion
The study underlines the importance of communication and awareness of the patient’s perspective. General practitioners must address patients’ aims and fears, encourage their initiative, and focus on empathy and education.
O-047 Can ovarian response be predicted and why would you want to know?
Authors: Fauser B C J M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since the early days, IVF has often been combined with ovarian stimulation. Starting the in viteo fertilization procedure with multiple oocytes, may compensate for suboptimal laboratory performance. This trend has developed during 4 decades into the development of extremely complex and expensive ovarian stimulation regimens, along with the widespread belief that the ‘more oocytes the better’ for IVF success rates. Moreover, ovarian response to standard stimulation varies greatly, and over-response is clearly linked to added side effects and health risks for women.
Multiple studies emphasize that current standard IVF represents a very wasteful procedure, since only 1 out of 20 to 50 oocytes generated does result in a live birth. The concept of ‘the more oocytes the better’ is largely based on the observation that few oocytes are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, generating few oocytes following maximal stimulation in conventional IVF is mostly due to diminished ovarian reserve, an intrinsic problem of the ovary unrelated to the extent of stimulation and clearly associated with poor outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that few oocytes retrieved following mild stimulation do coincide with good IVF success rates. This difference is often ignored.
It would be most important to reach a more broad scope consensus on the optimal number of oocytes to be retrieved for IVF, taking cost, patient discomfort, and safety into consideration next to clinical success rates. Subsequently, individualized stimulation regimens should be developed to reach the optimal response in the majority of women undergoing IVF. individual patient characteristics should be identified which are linked to ovarian response, such as female age, body weight, ovarian reserve biomarkers (like Anti-Mullerian hormone, and antral follicle count) soon to be complemented with genomic ovarian markers.
In the current transition from mass medicine (the same treatment for all) to patient-tailored approaches, individualized ovarian stimulation based on robust markers would represent a true step forward giving rise to safer, simpler, and more cost-effective IVF with comparable success rates.
O-081 Brad Pitt or the Next Door Neighbor?
Authors: Aharoni A , Blais I , Koifman M , Wiener-Megnazi Z , Ishai D , Oron G , Lahav-Baratz S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Can we identify the preferences of sperm recipients regarding traits of the ideal sperm donor?

Summary answer
According to our questionnaire, patients’ priority was a “healthy child” but they were also trying to assemble “the perfect looking child”.

What is known already
Recruiting sperm donors is tedious and time consuming. Literature is scarce on the factors guiding women when choosing a donor. Increasing knowledge regarding these factors could assist in the recruitment process. In certain countries sperm donation is anonymous. The shared information about the donors is limited and includes basic physical traits (hair, eye color, skin complexion, height) in addition to religion, education, and occupation. Single women are free of social constraints when choosing an anonymous donor, shedding a light on what are the most critical elements.

Study design, size, duration
An anonymous questionnaire was developed to explore sperm recipients’ preferences in choosing a sperm donor. The respondents were asked to describe themselves and choose the traits of the ideal donor from a structured list in the questionnaire. Patients were asked to rank the importance of a list of traits.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Sixty four patients completed the questionnaire. The data was statistically analyzed.

Main results and the role of chance
Eighty percent of participants are single women. 45% of the participants are 35-40 years old. Most of them have an academic degree (70%) and grew up in the city (77%). 74% of our patients have dark hair and 67% have brown eyes. We compared the traits of the recipients to the traits of the hypothetical ideal donor. Interestingly, recipients did not desire a donor that looks like them overcoming the natural instinctive desire to have a child that looks like you. Even though the average recipient at our unit does not have a fair appearance, the ideal donor of 73% of the recipients is light haired with blue/green colored eyes. The average height of the women was 166cm±6 while the average height of the ideal donor was 178cm±6. Still, when ranking the importance of traits; 89% ranked genetic testing as most important in their selection and 67% ranked the staff's impression of the donor as very important. Recipients with an academic degree ranked education as important compared with non-academic recipients.

Limitations, reasons for caution
Preference in choosing a sperm donor may be influenced by local factors and might not generally applicable

Wider implications of the findings
Recruitment of sperm donors is an ongoing process demanding commitment between the medical staff and the donors. It requires a psychologic evaluation, serologic and genetic testing and repeated sperm sampling. Knowing factors that guide women when choosing a sperm donor may precise the recruitment process of donors.

Trial registration number
None
O-146 Extended carrier testing of inherited disorders for reproductive risk assessment in preconception care
Authors: Diblik J , Jarošová R , Bittóová M , Zembol F , Dohnalová L , Vilímová Z , Soldátová I , Hrabíková M , Koudová M , Stejskal D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
What are the clinical implications of extended carrier screening including genetic risk factors linked to infertility and pregnancy?

Summary answer
The preconception care is simplified by combining the carrier screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked disorders with examination of other risk factors in one test.

What is known already
Preconception care includes screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked disorders, usually based on family history or ethnicity. Current molecular genetic methods allow simultaneous detection of mutations in a large number of genes and thus developing a unified test for all couples.

Study design, size, duration
Retrospective analysis of results from 19944 individuals (9972 couples) examined between March 2017 and July 2021.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Massively parallel sequencing panel CarrierTest screens for mutations in 80 genes associated with severe inherited diseases along with common risk factors for infertility, pregnancy loss and IVF-related treatment complications.

Main results and the role of chance
The risk of disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance was found in 1.59 % of couples and risk of X- linked disorders in 1.56 % of couples. Risk of pregnancy complications due to inherited thrombophilia (Factor 5 Leiden mutation and Factor 2 Prothrombin mutation) in the woman was detected in 10.4 % couples and due to the M2 haplotype of ANXA5 gene in 3.53 % couples. Increased sensitivity for FSH due to the FSHR gene Ser680Asn variant in homozygous state was found in 30.7 % of women and microdeletions of chromosome Y associated with male infertility were detected in 0.72 % of men.

Limitations, reasons for caution
The findings in most genes for autosomal recessive genes are likely to represent the real population frequency of carriers, but in other categories the data are influenced by selection of patients and couples for testing due the reproductive problems or family history.

Wider implications of the findings
Implementation of CarrierTest allowed us to considerably extend the breadth of tested severe diseases and risk factors and thus to offer the examined couples the opportunity of primary prevention of the consequences of their carrier status.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
O-161 Using pluripotent stem cells for in vitro gametogenesis
Authors: Clark A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human reproduction depends on the formation of germ cells, the cell lineage responsible for making gametes. Gametes are the only cell types in the body capable of passing DNA from one generation to the next, therefore problems at any stage of germ cell development leading up to the formation of gametes can lead to reproductive challenges or even premature ovarian aging. In humans, germ cell development begins soon after embryo implantation with the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from peri-implantation progenitor cells. Once PGC specification has finished, no other cell type in the body is capable of contributing to the germ cell lineage. Therefore, failure to specify PGCs will lead to certain infertility. In order to study PGC development, my laboratory animal models, stem cells and organoid technology. The advantage of using laboratory animal model is that PGC specification development and differentiation can be studied in vivo. The disadvantage is that human-specific mechanisms of PGC specification can be overlooked when not using human cells in research. To overcome this, my lab builds and uses stem cell models of peri-implantation human development in order to understand PGC specification as well as stem cell models to study in vitro gametogenesis.  In this lecture, I will discuss latest advances in stem cell technology to understand fertility and infertility as well as human embryology.
O-162 Emerging mechanisms of oocyte genome integrity
Authors: Dunkley S , Mogessie B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by aneuploidy in mammalian eggs, which underlies common pregnancy failures in reproductively older females. This is consistent with gradual, ageing-related depletion of centromeric cohesion proteins leading to premature separation of sister chromatids. However, such progressive cohesion loss does not satisfactorily explain the sharp rise in egg aneuploidy near the end of female reproductive life. Here we show that F-actin helps to keep most sister chromatids together after centromeric cohesion has deteriorated in ageing mammalian eggs. By combining targeted protein degradation with advanced microscopy of chromosomal dynamics in eggs of young and aged females, we demonstrate that actin mitigates premature sister chromatid separation arising from centromeric cohesion loss by limiting microtubule-dependent chromatid disengagement. We propose that impairment of this function underlies ageing-related exponential rise in egg aneuploidy.