bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Uncertainty Representation in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble—SPP and SPPT in HarmonEPS
Authors: Frogner Inger-Lise , Andrae Ulf , Ollinaho Pirkka , Hally Alan , Hämäläinen Karoliina , Kauhanen Janne , Ivarsson Karl-Ivar , Yazgi Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The stochastically perturbed parameterizations scheme (SPP) is here implemented and tested in HarmonEPS—the convection-permitting limited area ensemble prediction system by the international research program High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) group. SPP introduces stochastic perturbations to values of chosen closure parameters representing efficiencies or rates of change in parameterized atmospheric (sub)processes. The impact of SPP is compared to that of the stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies scheme (SPPT). SPP in this first version in HarmonEPS perturbs 11 parameters, active in different atmospheric processes and under various weather conditions. The main motivation for this study is the lack of variability seen in cloud products in HarmonEPS, as reported by duty forecasters. SPP in this first version is able to increase variability in a range of weather variables, including the cloud products. However, for some weather variables the root-mean-squared error of the ensemble mean is increased and the mean bias is impacted, especially in winter. This indicates that (some) parameter perturbation distributions are not optimal in the current configuration, and a further sensitivity analysis is required. SPPT resulted in a smaller increase in variability in the ensemble, but the impact was almost completely masked out when combined with perturbations of the initial state, lateral boundaries, and surface properties. An in-depth investigation into this lack of impact from SPPT is here presented through examining, among other things, accumulated tendencies from the model physics.

Significance Statement
Small inaccuracies, simplifications, or errors in any part of a complex and nonlinear system like a weather model can amplify and in a short time become significant. We wanted to introduce a physically consistent way of representing these uncertainties in a model that is used in several European countries. To do this we introduce variations in a few parameters that are used in the model description, and that we know are uncertain. By doing this we were able to increase the variability of the cloud products as desired. We see this as a promising approach for capturing the possibilities of fog occurring or not in this model. Further refinements are needed before it can be used in operational weather forecasts.
Evaluating the Ergonomics of Surgical Residents During Laparoscopic Simulation: A Novel Computerized Approach
Authors: Kratzke Ian M. , Zhou Guoyang , Mosaly Prithima , Farrell Timothy M. , Crowner Jason , Yu Denny 
Published: January 2022

Background Assessment of residents’ body positioning during laparoscopy has not been adequately investigated. This study presents a novel computer vision technique to automate ergonomic evaluation and demonstrates this approach through simulated laparoscopy. Methods Surgical residents at a single academic institution were video recorded performing tasks from the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS). Ergonomics were assessed by 2 raters using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool. Additionally, a novel computer software program was used to measure ergonomics from the video recordings. All participants completed a survey on musculoskeletal complaints, which was graded by severity. Results Ten residents participated; all performed FLS in postures that exceeded acceptable ergonomic risks as determined by both the human and computerized RULA scores ( P < .001). Lower-level residents scored worse than upper-level residents on the human-graded RULA assessment ( P = .04). There was no difference in computer-graded RULA scores by resident level ( P = .39) and computer-graded scores did not correlate with human scores ( P = .75). Shoulder and wrist position were the greatest contributors to higher computer-graded scores ( P < .001). Self-reported musculoskeletal complaints did not differ at resident level ( P = .74); however, all residents reported having at least 1 form of musculoskeletal complaint occurring “often.” Conclusions Surgery residents demonstrated suboptimal ergonomics while performing simulated laparoscopic tasks. A novel computer program to measure ergonomics did not agree with the scores generated by the human raters, although it concluded that resident ergonomics remain a concern, especially regarding shoulder and wrist positioning.
Nursing Students’ Views about Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Tas Arslan Fatma , Ozkan Sevil , Bagcivan Gulcan 
Published: January 2022

“Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) order is one of the challenging issues encountered in end of life care. This study aimed to determine the effect of education about DNR on the views of senior nursing students. Students, who selected elective course of palliative care and received education about DNR formed the intervention group ( n = 106) while the students who did not select the lesson were in the control group ( n = 107). Data were collected using a questionnaire. It revealed that the students who had education about DNR agreed with the positive statements about DNR more than the control group. Also, intervention group students had a high agreement DNR should be a part of vocational training for health professionals. It is important and necessary to focus on the special role of nurses when a DNR order is given, and nursing education raised the awareness and views about DNR according to the data from this study.
Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Nonpsychotic Disorders: A Cross-sectional Hospital-based Study
Authors: Thatikonda Navya Spurthi , Ram Dushad , Rao T. S. Sathyanarayana , Thatikonda Padma Sudhakar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Sexual dysfunction among female psychiatric patients is zcommon and can be affected by various bio-psycho-social factors. The clinician’s or patient’s reluctance to actively inquire or spontaneously report these sexual difficulties creates a lacuna in our understanding of this association. This study aimed to assess the proportion of women with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders reporting sexual dysfunction and evaluate its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted over six months included 113 women attending the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, including diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases 10th version (ICD 10) criteria, were assessed using a specially designed proforma. Sexual functioning was measured by Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and the Change in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-Female Version (CSFQ-FV). Results: Sexual dysfunction was reported by 67.3% of patients. Among patients on psychotropics, 49% reported worsening of sexual dysfunction after treatment initiation. Sexual dysfunction was associated with increasing age (χ2 = 7.86, P = 0.04), lower educational qualification (χ2 =3.41, P = 0.04), skilled occupation (χ2 = 4.49, P = 0.03), lower socioeconomic status (χ2 = 4.27, P = 0.03) and presence of ongoing psychosocial stressor (χ2 = 4.49, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Difficulties in different domains of sexual functioning are prevalent among women with nonpsychotic disorders. Sociodemographic and relational factors, along with treatment status, can influence sexual dysfunction in these patients. Clinicians should be vigilant of this association and should plan treatment to enhance compliance and outcome.
Risk Factors for Failure After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Knee: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Ramkumar Prem N. , Manzi Joseph E. , Wright-Chisem Joshua , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Williams Riley J. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Graft failure after osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) of the knee is a devastating outcome, often necessitating subsequent interventions. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for failure after OCA of the knee may provide enhanced prognostic data for the knee surgeon and facilitate more informed shared decision-making discussions before surgery. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors associated with graft failure after OCA of the knee. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were queried in April 2021. Data pertaining to study characteristics and risk factors associated with failure after OCA were recorded. DerSimonian-Laird binary random-effects models were constructed to quantitatively evaluate the association between risk factors and graft failure by generating effect estimates in the form of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, while mean differences (MDs) were calculated for continuous data. Qualitative analysis was performed to describe risk factors that were variably reported. Results: A total of 16 studies consisting of 1401 patients were included. The overall pooled prevalence of failure was 18.9% (range, 10%-46%). There were 44 risk factors identified, of which 9 were explored quantitatively. There was strong evidence to support that the presence of bipolar chondral defects (OR, 4.20 [95% CI, 1.17-15.08]; P = .028) and male sex (OR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.17-3.55]; P = .012) were significant risk factors for failure after OCA. Older age (MD, 5.06 years [95% CI, 1.44-8.70]; P = .006) and greater body mass index (MD, 1.75 kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.48-3.03]; P = .007) at the time of surgery were also significant risk factors for failure after OCA. There was no statistically significant evidence to incontrovertibly support that concomitant procedures, chondral defect size, and defect location were associated with an increased risk of failure after OCA. Conclusion: Bipolar chondral defects, male sex, older age, and greater body mass index were significantly associated with an increased failure rate after OCA of the knee. No statistically significant evidence presently exists to support that chondral defect size and location or concomitant procedures are associated with an increased graft failure rate after OCA of the knee. Additional studies are needed to evaluate these associations.
West Bengal’s Economic Legacy Since Independence and Future Prospects
Authors: Chatterjee Shiladitya 
Published: January 2022

During the Mughal and colonial periods, Bengal was among the most prosperous regions of the subcontinent. Despite the rapacity of the colonial administration, and despite partition, at independence, West Bengal was one of the most industrialised and developed states of India. However, its performance now is just average among Indian states. This article investigates the causes of this decline, objectively, taking a holistic view and analysing all relevant factors, using available public data and assessing the various views that are offered by scholars over the years. While partition dealt a heavy blow to West Bengal, several other factors aggravated the state’s economic problems, including central and state policies. These impinged in areas of industrial and agricultural growth, urban development, human development and the state’s resources for growth. In recent years West Bengal has seen better overall growth, including the industrial sector. State finances have improved and have the potential for further consolidation. Kolkata has better urban infrastructure. Increased regional cooperation with Bangladesh can undo the loss of markets and resources that partition had imposed. If managed properly, the state can further improve its overall development performance. This article offers suggestions regarding the priority development interventions that are necessary.
Comparison of forehead and finger oximetry sensors during the six minute walk test
Authors: Robertson Lucy , Lowry Rachel , Sylvester Karl , Parfrey Helen , Moseley Beverley , Sheares Karen , Oates Katrina 
Published: January 2022

Background Measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) could be impacted by the measurement site. Aims To compare SpO2 and heart rate (HR) between forehead and finger sensors during the 6MWT. Sensor readings were also to be compared for signal quality and with capillary blood gas (CBG) pre and post 6MWT. Method 80 subjects with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and/or interstitial lung disease (ILD) performed the 6MWT. Pulse oximetry was recorded at 30 s intervals. CBG was taken pre and post 6MWT to determine capillary oxygen saturation (SCO2). Results The forehead sensor recorded higher values for SpO2 ( p < 0.001) and HR ( p < 0.01) compared with the finger sensor during the 6MWT. For both sensors, the demonstrated bias compared to CBG post 6MWT was higher and more variable in subjects who desaturated. During the 6MWT there was a higher occurrence ( p < 0.001) of poor signal quality in the finger sensor compared with the forehead sensor. Conclusion This study suggests that the sensor site can impact pulse oximetry readings. The variance in bias suggests pulse oximetry may not accurately reflect SCO2 measurements particularly in subjects who desaturate during 6MWT.
Smart health via mHealth? Potentials of mobile health apps for improving prevention and adherence of breast cancer patients
Authors: Scholz Stefanie , Teetz Laura 
Published: January 2022

Objective Today there are several health and medical apps (mHealth) in app stores. Germany is the world's first country that introduced apps paid by the regular health insurance service. Even though breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, mHealth for breast cancer has been largely unexplored. Methods A total of 33 apps from two major mobile application marketplaces (Google Play Store/Android; App Store/iOS) have been selected for analysis. Results The app analysis shows that there are currently only 10 mHealth apps in German, which are specifically dedicated to breast cancer patients. The features of these apps fall into two categories: improvement of health literacy and indirect intervention. These apps can be used for all phases of the patient journey starting with the diagnosis. Conclusions mHealth apps have the potential to support the adherence of breast cancer patients. In order to exploit this future potential, the app quality, as well as the information about the available apps, must be urgently improved. Currently, it is very difficult both for laypersons and for doctors/other therapists to identify high-quality apps. Guidance from independent or governmental institutions would be helpful to further the digitalization in health care.
Predicting Ca2+ and Mg2+ ligand binding sites by deep neural network algorithm
Authors: Sun Kai , Hu Xiuzhen , Feng Zhenxing , Wang Hongbin , Lv Haotian , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Gaimei , Xu Shuang , You Xiaoxiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Alkaline earth metal ions are important protein binding ligands in human body, and it is of great significance to predict their binding residues.

Results
In this paper, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ligands are taken as the research objects. Based on the characteristic parameters of protein sequences, amino acids, physicochemical characteristics of amino acids and predicted structural information, deep neural network algorithm is used to predict the binding sites of proteins. By optimizing the hyper-parameters of the deep learning algorithm, the prediction results by the fivefold cross-validation are better than those of the Ionseq method. In addition, to further verify the performance of the proposed model, the undersampling data processing method is adopted, and the prediction results on independent test are better than those obtained by the support vector machine algorithm.

Conclusions
An efficient method for predicting Mg2+ and Ca2+ ligand binding sites was presented.
Drug–target interaction prediction via multiple classification strategies
Authors: Ye Qing , Zhang Xiaolong , Lin Xiaoli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Computational prediction of the interaction between drugs and protein targets is very important for the new drug discovery, as the experimental determination of drug-target interaction (DTI) is expensive and time-consuming. However, different protein targets are with very different numbers of interactions. Specifically, most interactions focus on only a few targets. As a result, targets with larger numbers of interactions could own enough positive samples for predicting their interactions but the positive samples for targets with smaller numbers of interactions could be not enough. Only using a classification strategy may not be able to deal with the above two cases at the same time. To overcome the above problem, in this paper, a drug-target interaction prediction method based on multiple classification strategies (MCSDTI) is proposed. In MCSDTI, targets are firstly divided into two parts according to the number of interactions of the targets, where one part contains targets with smaller numbers of interactions (TWSNI) and another part contains targets with larger numbers of interactions (TWLNI). And then different classification strategies are respectively designed for TWSNI and TWLNI to predict the interaction. Furthermore, TWSNI and TWLNI are evaluated independently, which can overcome the problem that result could be mainly determined by targets with large numbers of interactions when all targets are evaluated together.

Results
We propose a new drug-target interaction (MCSDTI) prediction method, which uses multiple classification strategies. MCSDTI is tested on five DTI datasets, such as nuclear receptors (NR), ion channels (IC), G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), enzymes (E), and drug bank (DB). Experiments show that the AUCs of our method are respectively 3.31%, 1.27%, 2.02%, 2.02% and 1.04% higher than that of the second best methods on NR, IC, GPCR and E for TWLNI; And AUCs of our method are respectively 1.00%, 3.20% and 2.70% higher than the second best methods on NR, IC, and E for TWSNI.

Conclusion
MCSDTI is a competitive method compared to the previous methods for all target parts on most datasets, which administrates that different classification strategies for different target parts is an effective way to improve the effectiveness of DTI prediction.
Modified Northern blot protocol for easy detection of mRNAs in total RNA using radiolabeled probes
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhang Mingdi , Zhang Nianhui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Northern blotting is still used as a gold standard for validation of the data obtained from high-throughput whole transcriptome-based methods. However, its disadvantages of lower sensitivity, labor-intensive operation, and higher quality of RNA required limit its utilization in a routine molecular biology laboratory to monitor gene expression at RNA level. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the traditional Northern protocol to make the technique more applicable for standard use.

Results
In this paper, we report modifications and tips used to improve the traditional Northern protocol for the detection of mRNAs in total RNA. To maximize the retention of specifically bound radiolabeled probes on the blot, posthybridization washes were performed under only with moderate-stringency until the level of radioactivity retained on the filter decreased to 20~50 counts per second, rather than normally under high and low stringency sequentially for scheduled time or under only high stringent condition. Successful detection of the low-expression gene using heterologous DNA probes in 20 µg of total RNA after a two-day exposure suggested an improvement in detection sensitivity. Quantitatively controlled posthybridization washes combined with an ethidium bromide-prestaining RNA procedure to directly visualize prestained RNA bands at any time during electrophoresis or immediately after electrophoresis, which made the progress of the Northern procedure to be monitored and evaluated step by step, thereby making the experiment reliable and controllable. We also report tips used in the modified Northern protocol, including the moderate concentration of formaldehyde in the gel, the accessory capillary setup, and the staining jar placed into an enamel square tray with a lid used for hybridization. Using our modified Northern protocol, eight rounds of rehybridization could be performed on a single blot. The modification made and tips used ensured the efficient proceeding of the experiment and the resulting good performance, but without using special reagents or equipment.

Conclusions
The modified Northern protocol improved detection sensitivity and made the experiment easy, less expensive, reliable, and controllable, and can be employed in a routine molecular biology laboratory to detect low-expressed mRNAs with heterologous DNA probes in total RNA.
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for assessment of donor livers in a rat model of ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Shan Liyu , Chen Huan , Yang Lifei , Feng Zhe , Wang Yue , Wang Rongfeng , Zhang Nana , Wu Rongqian , Lv Yi , Ma Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Although marginal donor livers expand the donor pool, an ideal method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of donor livers has not been developed. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for estimating liver function in an ischemia–reperfusion model.

Methods
Forty-eight rats were randomly and evenly divided into 8 groups: the control group and the experimental groups (I-VII). The portal vein blocking period was 0 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min and 60 min. After blood flow was reestablished and the hemodynamics stabilized, ICG was injected through the dorsal penile vein as a bolus, and the fluorescence signal was recorded for 30 min in real time. The fluorescence intensity (FI) curve of the liver was fitted with an asymptotic regression model. Fresh liver tissues and serum were obtained from the middle lobe of the liver on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 7 for histopathological evaluation and liver function tests.

Results
The growth rate of the FI curve, parameter b3, decreased from groups I to VII. According to the two sudden changes in b3 (20 min, 50 min), the experimental groups could be classified into 3 groups (A, B and C). Hepatocytes in groups I-II showed slight edema, group III began to show obvious hepatocyte edema and vacuolar degeneration, and in groups VI-VII, severe hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis and large inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Suzuki’s scores in the 3 groups were also significantly different (P < 0.01). At the same time, the serum liver function in the experimental groups showed a significant increase on POD 1 and a decrease on POD 7. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TB) levels of groups A, B, and C were significantly different on POD 1 (P < 0.05), and the ALT and direct bilirubin (DB) levels were significantly different on POD 7 (P < 0.05); the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the group C was significantly higher than that of the groups A and B on POD 1 and POD 7. Meanwhile, the 7-day survival rate of the rats in group C was poor compared to that of the rats in groups A and B (58.3% vs. 100% vs. 100%).

Conclusion
ICG fluorescence imaging is effective for estimating the degree of liver damage and grading in an ischemia–reperfusion model. It probably has the potential for use in assessing the quality of the donor liver in liver transplantation.