bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face masks inhibit facial cues for approachability and trustworthiness: an eyetracking study
Authors: Bylianto Listryarinie Ongko , Chan Kai Qin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWearing face masks during the Covid-19 pandemic has undeniable benefits from our health perspective. However, the interpersonal costs on social interactions may have been underappreciated. Because masks obscure critical facial regions signaling approach/avoidance intent and social trust, this implies that facial inference of approachability and trustworthiness may be severely discounted. Here, in our eyetracking experiment, we show that people judged masked faces as less approachable and trustworthy. Further analyses showed that the attention directed towards the eye region relative to the mouth region mediated the effect on approachability, but not on trustworthiness. This is because for masked faces, with the mouth region obscured, visual attention is then automatically diverted away from the mouth and towards the eye region, which is an undiagnostic cue for judging a target’s approachability. Together, these findings support that mask-wearing inhibits the critical facial cues needed for social judgements.
Study of physicochemical parameters and wetland water quality assessment by using Shannon’s entropy
Authors: Singh Kunwar Raghvendra , Dutta Rahul , Kalamdhad Ajay S. , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn water quality monitoring programs, optimization between information craved and information collected involves scrupulous judgment making processes and management approaches. The present study explores the few essential aspects of water quality monitoring program considering Shannon’s entropy with case studies on a few lakes and wetlands in North Guwahati, Assam (India). Firstly, the loss of information by traditional water quality indices (WQIs) has been addressed by the use of entropy weighted WQIs (EWQIs) which takes into account the randomness of data sets removing error through subjective judgments of experts in assigning parameter weights. This concept was extended to the quantification of heavy metals. The concept of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDMs) such as TOPSIS was introduced which utilize entropy weights and rough set theory to give a reliable and unbiased description of overall pollution levels of each sampling location. This study will be of great help to various agencies which take care of the water supply and water pollution control since this forms a significant tool for easy understanding and thereby making their applicability uncomplicated.
Method for indirect determination of soil parameters for numerical simulation of dikes and earth dams
Authors: Fichtner Thomas , El Masri Marwan , Dilshad Ghilman , Gräber Peter-Wolfgang , Blankenburg Rene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the most important steps in the numerical simulation of a hydrogeological system is the precise definition of initial and boundary conditions. The better these are characterized, the more efficient the calculation and the more accurate are the simulation result. In case of simulating processes in the unsaturated soil zone, the water retention curve, the relationship between volumetric water content and matric potential, is of great importance. However, the retention parameters determined locally by different standard methods often do not represent the whole soil system under consideration due to heterogeneities in the soil body caused by variability or different compaction of the soil. Resulting over- or underestimation of the parameters is leading to a worse performance of simulations of the water balance including to a higher calibration effort. Therefore, it is more favorable to identify these soil parameters by a method representing the whole soil system to avoid uncertainties. For this reason, a dike experiment was performed to investigate how soil parameters determined locally and globally can represent the properties of the whole soil system. When comparing the simulation results of the numerical models, a better agreement of measured and simulated water contents as well as a lower effort for calibration is observed by using the soil parameters determined globally.
An Overview of Structural Design, Analysis and Common Monitoring Technologies for Floating Platform and Flexible Cable and Riser
Authors: Wu Wen-hua , Zhao Yan , Gou Ying , Lyu Bai-cheng , Lu Qing-zhen , Lu Zhao-kuan , Yan Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOffshore oil and gas development plays an important part in the global energy sector. Offshore platforms and flexible pipes are the key equipments in the whole offshore oil and gas development system. Because of the randomness and uncertainty of wave and current loads in the ocean environment, the structural design and mechanical analysis of the marine equipment can be highly complicated. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent works of the theoretical model, numerical simulation, and experimental test in three research areas: hydrodynamic analysis of offshore platforms, structural mechanics analysis of flexible pipe and cable, and monitoring technology of offshore floating structures under marine loads. By analyzing their main research methods and key technical difficulties, this paper provides theoretical basis and technical support for the reliability engineering application of offshore platforms and flexible pipelines. Also, China is relatively backward in the design of marine floating platform, the design, analysis and testing of flexible pipeline and cable, as well as the marine equipment prototype monitoring technology research. Calling for breakthroughs at the earliest possible stage in the above fields, prime research should be focused on and strategic planning should be made to deal with “key areas and stranglehold problems”. It is of great significance for the development of China’s deep-sea energy and resource development of independent technology and on time to achieve the “carbon peak” national strategic objectives.
Autonomous shipping — an analysis of the maritime stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Theotokatos Gerasimos , Dantas Joao Lucas Dozzi , Polychronidi Georgia , Rentifi Georgia , Colella Marco Molica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several major initiatives have been undertaken worldwide towards the development and commercialisation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASSs). This study aims at capturing the current understanding and perspectives of the maritime industry stakeholders pertinent to the challenges and requirements for the design and operation of MASSs. A methodological approach consisting of five steps is followed. A questionnaire is developed and employed to conduct two surveys among the identified maritime industry stakeholders. Subsequently, the acquired response results are analysed, whereas statistical metrics are calculated and comparatively assessed using the box plot method, to provide evidence for identifying the perspectives and gaps from the considered stakeholders’ groups. Recommendations are provided for addressing these gaps, whereas further initiatives required in the maritime industry are also highlighted. This study contributes to the better understanding on the perspectives of the maritime industry stakeholders, whereas the results can support the prioritisation of future initiatives towards addressing existing barriers and overcome misconceptions for the next-generation autonomous shipping.
Impact of a pediatric infectious disease consultation service on timely step-down to oral antibiotic treatment for bone and joint infections
Authors: Mehler Katrin , Oberthür André , Yagdiran Ayla , Butzer Sarina , Jung Norma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years an earlier step down to oral antibiotic therapy has been advocated for numerous infections. Trained infectious disease specialists regularly consulting their colleagues may speed up the implementation of such recommendations into clinical practice and thus may improve treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed bone and joint infections in children admitted to the University Hospital of Cologne between 2010 and 2021. We assessed clinical, imaging, and microbiological findings and treatment modalities. Additionally, we assessed both the impact of a newly implemented pediatric infectious diseases consultation service and publications on revised treatment recommendations by comparing antibiotic therapy in two periods (2010–2016 versus 2017 to 2021).

Results
In total, 29 children presented with osteomyelitis, 16 with bacterial arthritis and 7 with discitis. In period 2 (2017–2021) we observed shorter duration of intravenous treatment (p = 0.009) and a higher percentage of oral antibiotic treatment in relation to the total duration of antibiotics (25% versus 59%, p = 0.007) compared to period 1 (2010–2016).
Yet, no differences were identified for the total length of antibiotic treatment. Additionally, biopsies or synovial fluid samples were retrieved and cultured in more children in period 2 (p = 0.077). The main pathogen identified in osteomyelitis and bacterial arthritis was Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), diagnosis was confirmed predominantly with MRI.

Conclusion
Recent guidelines addressing the safety of an earlier step-down (to oral) antibiotic therapy have influenced clinical practice in the treatment of bone and joint infections in our hospital. A newly implemented pediatric infectious diseases consultation service might have accelerated this progress resulting in a faster step down to oral treatment.
Recent Advances on Early-Stage Fire-Warning Systems: Mechanism, Performance, and Perspective
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Vázquez-López Antonio , Sánchez del Río Sáez José , Wang De-Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly-stage fire-warning systems (EFWSs) have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion process. Substantial progress on EFWSs has been achieved recently, and they have presented a considerable possibility for more evacuation time to control constant unintentional fire hazards in our daily life. This review mainly makes a comprehensive summary of the current EFWSs, including the working mechanisms and their performance. According to the different working mechanisms, fire alarms can be classified into graphene oxide-based fire alarms, semiconductor-based fire alarms, thermoelectric-based fire alarms, and fire alarms on other working mechanisms. Finally, the challenge and prospect for EFWSs are briefly provided by comparing the art of state of fire alarms. This work can propose a more comprehensive understanding of EFWSs and a guideline for the cutting-edge development direction of EFWSs for readers.
Needs and artificial intelligence
Authors: Human Soheil , Watkins Ryan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThroughout our history, we, Homo sapiens, have used technologies to better satisfy ourneeds. The relation betweenneedsandtechnologyis so fundamental that the US National Research Council defines the distinguishing characteristic of technology as its goal “to make modifications in the world [in order] to meet human needs” [1]. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising emerging technologies of our time. Similar to other technologies, AI is expected by many “to meet [human] needs”. In this article, we reflect on the relationship betweenneedsand AI, and call for the realization ofneeds-awareAI systems. We argue that re-thinkingneedsfor,through,by, andwithAI can be a very useful means towards the development of realistic approaches for sustainableHuman-aware,Accountable,Lawful, andEthical (HALE) AI systems. We discuss some of the most critical gaps, barriers, enablers, and drivers of co-creating future AI-based sociotechnical systems in which [human]needsare well considered and met. Finally, we provide an overview of potential challenges and considerations that should be carefully taken into account; and call for joint, immediate, and interdisciplinary efforts and collaborations to start on the path toneeds-awareAI.
Dietary diversity and its determinants among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Sisay Binyam Girma , Afework Tsion , Jima Beshada Rago , Gebru Nardos Wondafrash , Zebene Addisalem , Hassen Hamid Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dietary diversity in children may be influenced not only by individual circumstances but also by the features of the community in which they live. Our study aimed to assess community and individual-level determinants of minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. We included 2960 children aged 6–23 months from the recent Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A minimum dietary diversity was defined as the consumption of at least five food groups out of the eight reference food groups within 24 h by children aged 6–23 months. Multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate the drivers of minimum dietary diversity in Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months. About 12⋅5 % of children met the bare minimum of dietary diversification. Age of the child (9–11 months AOR, 3⋅3 (95 % CI 1⋅8, 5⋅6), 12–17 months AOR, 4⋅0 (95 % CI 2⋅4, 6⋅7), 18–23 months AOR, 3⋅5 (95 % CI 2⋅0, 5⋅8)), caregiver listening radio at least once a week AOR, 1⋅6 (95 % CI 1⋅1, 2⋅4) and wealth quantiles (Second AOR, 1⋅8 (95 % CI 1⋅1, 3⋅1), Fourth AOR, 2⋅9 (95 % CI 1⋅6, 5⋅2) and Highest AOR, 2⋅2 (95 % CI 1⋅1, 4⋅2)) were individual characteristics associated with dietary diversity. Place of residence was the only community-level characteristic associated with children's dietary diversity (Rural AOR, 0⋅4 (95 % CI 0⋅2, 0⋅6)). The minimum dietary diversity among Ethiopian children is suboptimal. Nutrition programmes aimed at enhancing dietary diversity should be strengthened in this population, particularly for those from poor families and residing in rural areas.
Large-ensemble climate simulations to assess changes in snow stability over northern Japan
Authors: Katsuyama Yuta , Katsushima Takafumi , Takeuchi Yukari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo examine the influence of global warming including increased heavy snowfall frequency on the potential of natural dry snow avalanche frequency and magnitude, we estimated the frequency of weak layer formation and the associated slab overload above the weak layer over northern Japan. The estimation was numerically performed using climate models' output for 1800 winter simulations in each of the historical (1951–2010) and +4°C experiments by forcing a physical-based snowpack model with the result of the climate models. Here the +4°C experiment was defined as a climate when the global mean air temperature had increased by 4°C from the preindustrial level. The estimation results showed that the probability of weak layer formation, identified by the natural stability index, would decrease all over the area because of the shorter age of the weak layers caused by a warmer climate, indirectly indicating a potential decrease in avalanche frequency. However, because of increased heavy snowfall frequency, slab overload would increase by 10–15% in inland areas for weak layers of decomposing fragments/precipitation particles and the mountainous area facing the Sea of Japan for weak layers of facets/depth hoar, thereby potentially indicating an increased magnitude of avalanches.
MULTIPLIERS ON THE SECOND DUAL OF ABSTRACT SEGAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: NEMATI MEHDI , SOHAEI ZHILA 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe characterise the existence of certain (weakly) compact multipliers of the second dual of symmetric abstract Segal algebras in both the group algebra
$L^{1}(G)$
and the Fourier algebra
$A(G)$
of a locally compact group G.
On a class of Hilbert-type inequalities in the whole plane involving some classical kernel functions
Authors: You Minghui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, by the introduction of several parameters, we construct a new kernel function which is defined in the whole plane and includes some classical kernel functions. Estimating the weight functions with the techniques of real analysis, we establish a new Hilbert-type inequality in the whole plane, and the constant factor of the newly obtained inequality is proved to be the best possible. Additionally, by means of the partial fraction expansion of the tangent function, some special and interesting inequalities are presented at the end of the paper.
Bambara groundnut production, grain composition and nutritional value: opportunities for improvements
Authors: Maphosa Y. , Jideani V. A. , Maphosa L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc; BGN) is an important legume grown mainly by small-scale subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, in parts of Thailand and Indonesia. It has a high concentration of seed carbohydrate (55–70%), protein (17–25%), fat (1.4–12%) and dietary fibre (5.2–6.4%). A range of biotic and abiotic stresses together with socio-economic constraints affect its productivity, yield and quality. The changing climate and a growing world population are putting pressure on food production, as world food supply is heavily reliant on few crops. As such, there is a need to broaden crop usage and increase yield of minor crops such as BGN. Improvements in production can potentially be achieved by a combination of advanced phenotyping, genotyping, environmental characterization and overall management approaches. Breeding for advanced lines is complicated by overreliance on landraces. This review aims to provide the current status of BGN production, production constraints and approaches to overcome these, as well as its grain composition and nutritional value. It further discusses and elaborates on potentially available opportunities for overall improvement, so that BGN, like all neglected crops, can play a valuable role in world food security. Efforts should be intensified to improve the overall utilization of BGN and its constituents to make it an economically viable crop.
Non-affective psychotic disorders and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miniawi Sara El , Orgeta Vasiliki , Stafford Jean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNon-affective psychotic disorders have been associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, research in this area remains limited, highlighting the need for an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence. We aimed to systematically review and quantify the risk of dementia associated with psychotic disorders. We searched four electronic databases for longitudinal studies investigating non-affective psychotic disorders and subsequent dementia. We used random-effects meta-analyses to pool estimates across studies and assessed risk of bias for each study. Non-affective psychotic disorders were associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia; pooled risk ratio (RR) = 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.67–3.80), I2 = 99.7%, n = 12,997,101; 11 studies, with high heterogeneity between studies. Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in studies with shorter follow-up periods, conducted in non-European countries, published after 2020, and where ≥60% of the sample were female. The risk was higher in people aged <60 years at baseline, in typical and late-onset psychotic disorders versus very late-onset psychosis, in broader psychotic disorders vs schizophrenia, and in prospective vs retrospective studies. Associations remained after excluding low quality studies (pooled RR = 2.50, 95% CI (1.71–3.68), I2 = 99.0%). Our review finds a substantial association between psychotic disorders and subsequent dementia. Our findings indicate that psychotic disorders are a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia and suggest that individuals with psychotic disorders need to be closely monitored for cognitive decline in later life. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the association between psychotic disorders and dementia.
Maine's comparative jurisprudence in British Sinology: George Jamieson's interpretation of China's lack of wills
Authors: Liu Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNineteenth-century comparative sciences profoundly informed Sinology, but this field remains largely unexplored. Despite recent attention to the comparative study of Chinese religion, researchers have overlooked the comparative spirit underpinning British understanding of Chinese law. This article addresses this oversight by focusing on George Jamieson's (1843–1920) translation and interpretation of Chinese inheritance law in the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912). Drawing on Henry Maine's (1822–1888) comparative jurisprudence, Jamieson reflected upon China's lack of the legal concept of wills, which was a starting point for him to decipher the different developmental routes of Roman and Chinese law. As a parallel to Maine's comparison of Hindu and Roman law, Jamieson compared Chinese with Roman law, revealing that sacrificial duties to ancestors and underdevelopment of the legal profession were key factors contributing to China's legal particularities.
Characteristics and Drivers of Marine Heatwaves in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Qi Ruisi , Zhang Ying , Du Yan , Feng Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal characteristics of the interannual variability and long‐term trend of the marine heatwaves (MHWs) and related dynamic mechanisms in the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) are investigated using satellite observations. A prominent MHW hot spot is found in a region of the WEIO (48°E−54°E, 2°S–2°N), with a mean MHWs' intensity, duration, and frequency of 1.54°C, 13.33 days, and 1.97 times, respectively. MHWs in the hot spot region have significant interannual variability after removing the long‐term trend, associated with Indo‐Pacific major climate modes. In 1982/1983, 1983/1984, 1987/1988, 1997/1998, 2006/2007, 2009/2010, 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2019/2020, the MHWs occurred with longer duration, higher frequency, and more total days. These years correspond to a positive Indian Ocean Dipole, or an El Niño event, or both. The occurrence of MHWs accompanied by anomalous positive sea surface height suggests that oceanic planetary wave processes modulate MHWs in the WEIO. Westward‐propagating downwelling equatorial Rossby waves triggered by anomalous equatorial easterly winds drive the convergence of warm upper‐ocean water and weaken the upwelling of cool subsurface water, which favor anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) and the occurrence of MHWs. In addition, the westward‐propagating off‐equatorial downwelling Rossby waves in the southern tropical Indian Ocean also affect MHWs in the WEIO through the propagation and reflection of waves. The annual MHW frequency, duration, and total days in the hot spot region increase up to 1.56 times, 4.95 days, and 31.72 days per decade, respectively, related to the significant increase in mean SST under global warming.