bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of Proliferative Cell Markers in Prostatic Lesions: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Goel Vartika , Gupta Veena , Marwah Nisha , Dalal Niti , Jain Promil , Sen Rajeev 
Published: July 2022

Background: Prostatic cancer is a complex and biologically heterogenous disease. Diagnosis of prostatic lesions with immunohistochemistry still faces challenges because of difference in reactivity of monoclonal antibodies in benign, equivocal, and malignant lesions. Proliferative markers Ki-67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) can be used for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of prostatic carcinoma.
Methods: A total of hundred prostate biopsies with 50 cases each of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma received in the Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, India were included in the study. Ki-67 and PCNA expression was studied immunohistochemically in each case.
Result: Ki-67 expression was significantly upregulated in malignant cases and increased with increasing Gleason grade. PCNA expression was also found to be increased in increasing Gleason grades in carcinoma cases, however, the results were ambiguous as it was found to be positive in all benign cases also.
Conclusion: Ki-67 is useful in predicting biological behavior in prostate carcinoma cases, however PCNA expression needs to be studied further.
Histopathological Spectrum of Adult and Paediatric Meningiomas
Authors: Pant Ishita , Chaturvedi Sujata , Sarma Pragyan , Sehgal Shelly 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Meningiomas are a group of neoplasms showing a spectrum of histopathological variants, mostly corresponding to World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. However, certain histologic variants correspond histologically to WHO grades II and III. In this study, the histopathological spectrum of the adult as well as paediatric meningiomas received in our department over the last 12 years is being revisited with the aim to analyse the various histopathological variants, to assess their grade as per WHO 2016 criteria, their epidemiology and localization.
Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of the histopathology records and clinical case files was done in 336 cases of (adult and paediatric meningiomas) histopathologically diagnosed cases of intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas (WHO grade I, II and III) received over a period of 12 years (starting from 2009-2020) in our department.
Results: The commonest grade in adults and children was WHO Grade I while the commonest histopathological variant in adults and children was Transitional meningioma.
Conclusion: As per WHO classification of CNS Tumours 2016, grade I meningiomas are associated with low risk of recurrence and aggressive behaviour, while WHO grade II and III meningiomas are associated with greater likelihood of recurrence and aggressive behaviour, highlighting the importance of accurate typing and grading of meningiomas on histopathology.
Methodological importance of information for the development of crime prevention measures in the information society system
Authors: Fedorov Oleg 
Published: July 2022

The formation of the information (digital) society of Ukraine is a manifestation of a global trend, the historical inevitability of which is due to the objective logic of civilization. A characteristic feature of these processes is the growing demand for scientific theories, the use of which in practice will ensure social progress and protection of universal values.
The purpose of the article is to improve on the basis of a systematic approach to crime prevention measures, the task - to determine the methodological functionality of information for the development of crime prevention measures in the information society.
Methodology is rightly considered the theoretical foundation of effective scientific research. At the same time, there is currently no consensus among experts on the content of this category. The definition of methodology as a system of methods of cognition and transformation of reality is offered. It is argued that due to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and the increase in the amount of information processed, the number of alternative methodological theories will continue to increase significantly.
It is pointed out that the fundamental principles of the methodology lie beyond our knowledge and cannot yet be definitively established. Therefore, experts are forced to use methodological concepts, largely based on faith in them. However, each new fact that becomes known to scientists will either confirm or refute substantiate the basic principles of the applied methodology.
It is claimed that the information component provides the system functionality of objects and processes in two aspects:
1. Information as a coordinating component of the system (management and one-level coordination). Guidance means providing information to perform mandatory actions. Reconciliation can be defined as the sharing of information to achieve a coordinated outcome.
2. Information as a resource of systemic activity. A resource is an object intended for further processing with a certain result of the system state.
In both cases, it is a question of the functionality of the connections between the elements of the system, which understand the interdependence of the existence of phenomena separated in space and time.
It is pointed out that in the field of practical activity of the subjects of crime prevention, information is, firstly, a component of coordination processes, and secondly, a resource through which their competence is realized. This is seen in relation to all entities that, in accordance with Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On State Protection of Court Employees and Law Enforcement Bodies" have the status of law enforcement agencies.
It is concluded that the system approach as a promising methodology of theory and practice of law enforcement. It is argued that further improvement of crime prevention measures should take into account the information component of systemic activities in this area (information as a resource and coordination component).
Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality: a case study of Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State
Authors: Okoroh Doris O. , Ibuot Johnson Cletus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes by interpreting the hydrochemical species of groundwater samples. Six water samples were collected and assess to determine the concentration of some ions, pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), water quality index (WQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly ratio (KR) and percentage sodium (%Na). The result revealed that most of the ions have concentrations within the WHO permissible limit for drinking water except biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and , which exceeded the WHO standard in some samples. The mean abundance of the cations is , while that of the anions is . The result reveals that and are the most abundant cation and anion respectively. CF reveals a low concentration (&lt;1) of , , , , and high concentration (&gt;1) of . The values of PLI were very low indicating no pollution. The WQI reveals the samples with excellent (&lt;50) rating, while those above 100 (&gt;100) were rated as poor. The SAR, MH, KR and %Na reveal the groundwater status for irrigation based on the ratings of the indices.
Surface modification of spent coffee grounds using phosphoric acid for enhancement of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Akindolie M. S. , Choi H. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the surface of the spent coffee grounds (SCG) was activated using phosphoric acid to increase the removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution, which is one of the harmful substances emitted in industrial processes. According to Fourier transform infra-red analysis, after phosphorylation of the SCG (PSCG), P = O group, P–O–C (aromatic) bond, P = OOH and P–O–P were newly introduced on the surface of the adsorbent, and the peaks of carboxyl groups and OH-group were large and broad. In addition, the surface area and mesopore range of the PSCG adsorbent were increased, and the structure changed, which enabled easy adsorption of MB. The process of adsorbing MB from aqueous solution using PSCG was more suitable for the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models, and the adsorption process was closer to chemisorption than physical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of PSCG was 188.68 mg/g. As a result of the reuse test, PSCG showed excellent performance with a high removal efficiency of 90% up to four consecutive uses. PSCG modified with phosphoric acid, an abundant lignocellulose-based biosorbent that is readily available everywhere, is a promising adsorbent capable of adsorbing MB in aqueous solution.
Effect of Compaction Pressure and Sawdust Size on Briquette Made from Ulin Wood (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) and Gelam Wood (Melaleuca Cajuputi) to Combustion Characteristics
Authors: Pratama Bagus Harits , Syarief Akhmad , Saputra M. Reynaldi Perdana , Azis Alif Putra 
Published: July 2022

<p class="00textwithouttab">In Kalimantan, gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) grows naturally in the swamp forest reaching 40 m with a diameter around 35 cm. Gelam wood is very resistant to acid soil in the swamp forest. Despite of it’s small diameter, gelam wood is very strong. This wood is usually used as the main house, as mold or mall support in casting concrete. Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is a typical plant of Kalimantan. In this study, the ignition duration, burning speed, and ash weight from briquette made from mixture of ulin and gelam sawdust was investigated. Size of sawdust used for briquette was varied for 40, 50, and 60 mesh while compaction pressure during briquette production was varied for 100, 125 and 150 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. The study shows that the highest combustion temperature at 178 <sup>o</sup>C occurred for briquette with compaction pressure of 150 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Meanwhile, the lowest combustion temperature was obtained in briquette witch compaction pressure of 100 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p>
The Impact of Cognitive Function on Virtual Reality Intervention for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Patients With Subacute Stroke: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-up
Authors: Leng Yan , Lo Wai Leung Ambrose , Mao Yu Rong , Bian Ruihao , Zhao Jiang Li , Xu Zhiqin , Li Le , Huang Dong Feng 
Published: July 2022

Background
Stroke is among the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. Motor impairments after stroke not only impact the individuals quality of life but also lay substantial burdens on the society. Motor planning is a key component of cognitive function that impacts motor control. Hand movements such as grasping or reaching to grasp require the application of correct force and the coordination of multiple limb segments. Successful completion of hand motor task requires a certain degree of cognitive function to anticipate the requirement of the task. Cognitive function may thus be a confounding factor to rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective
This study aims to explore the impact of cognitive function on functional outcomes in people with subacute stroke after VR intervention.

Methods
Patients with stroke were first stratified into cognitively normal (CN) and cognitively impaired (CI), followed by allocation to the VR or control group (CG). Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Barthel Index (BI), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were recorded at baseline, 3 weeks after the intervention, and 3 and 6 months after the intervention. The between-group and within-group differences were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
The between-group comparison indicated that FMA-UE, BI, and IADL (time effect P<.001 for all) scores improved significantly in both groups after the intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that FMA-UE, BI, and IADL (time effect P<.001 for all) were significantly different in each subgroup after the intervention. For BI score, the ANOVA results showed obvious interaction effects (treatment × time × cognitive effect, P=.04).

Conclusions
VR intervention was as effective as traditional conventional therapy in improving upper limb function regardless of the cognitive functional level. Patients with stroke with impaired cognitive function may gain more improvement in upper limb function and independency in performing activities of daily living after a VR-based intervention.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOC-15006064; https://tinyurl.com/4c9vkrrn
Automatically Identifying Twitter Users for Interventions to Support Dementia Family Caregivers: Annotated Data Set and Benchmark Classification Models
Authors: Klein Ari Z , Magge Arjun , O'Connor Karen , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: July 2022

Background
More than 6 million people in the United States have Alzheimer disease and related dementias, receiving help from more than 11 million family or other informal caregivers. A range of traditional interventions has been developed to support family caregivers; however, most of them have not been implemented in practice and remain largely inaccessible. While recent studies have shown that family caregivers of people with dementia use Twitter to discuss their experiences, methods have not been developed to enable the use of Twitter for interventions.

Objective
The objective of this study is to develop an annotated data set and benchmark classification models for automatically identifying a cohort of Twitter users who have a family member with dementia.

Methods
Between May 4 and May 20, 2021, we collected 10,733 tweets, posted by 8846 users, that mention a dementia-related keyword, a linguistic marker that potentially indicates a diagnosis, and a select familial relationship. Three annotators annotated 1 random tweet per user to distinguish those that indicate having a family member with dementia from those that do not. Interannotator agreement was 0.82 (Fleiss kappa). We used the annotated tweets to train and evaluate support vector machine and deep neural network classifiers. To assess the scalability of our approach, we then deployed automatic classification on unlabeled tweets that were continuously collected between May 4, 2021, and March 9, 2022.

Results
A deep neural network classifier based on a BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers) model pretrained on tweets achieved the highest F1-score of 0.962 (precision=0.946 and recall=0.979) for the class of tweets indicating that the user has a family member with dementia. The classifier detected 128,838 tweets that indicate having a family member with dementia, posted by 74,290 users between May 4, 2021, and March 9, 2022—that is, approximately 7500 users per month.

Conclusions
Our annotated data set can be used to automatically identify Twitter users who have a family member with dementia, enabling the use of Twitter on a large scale to not only explore family caregivers’ experiences but also directly target interventions at these users.
Salem Trials (1692) in History and in Miller’s The Crucible: Investigating truth claims in historical narratives and drama
Authors: Aziz Aamir 
Published: July 2022

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is, in the first instance, a literary reconstruction of a historical event: the Salem trials that took place in the village of Salem in Essex County, New England (today Danvers, Massachusetts) in 1692. As Miller explains in his autobiography Timebends (1987), and as is clear from his introduction to the play, he not only carried out scholarly research in preparation for writing the play, he also reflected explicitly on how he had used the historical material to reconstruct a story. The central issue in this investigation is the position taken by the play with regard to writing history – historiography – and to the question: what is historical truth? How does the play relate to the issues of representing history and historical truth? To answer these questions, I will, in this research, give an extensive overview of the historical debates about witchcraft in order to situate Miller’s position on this topic. Further, I will position Miller’s work within more general debates about historiography and the historian’s possibilities of rendering a historical ‘truth’.
Technoscience vs. Teknon-Science: The Tragedy Of The Female Scientist In Cynthia Ozick’s Puttermesser And Xanthippe
Authors: Dokou Christina 
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to explore from a technofeminist standpoint this failure to enunciate a ‘feminine’ technoscientific praxis in the Puttermesser and Xanthippe episode of Cynthia Ozick’s 1997 ‘serial’ novel The Puttermesser Papers. In particular, there is a tragic failure to integrate procreative ethos and creative technoscience: when the latter is placed in the service of the former, the curse of Frankenstein rears its ugly head, and catastrophe ensues. The female scientist, a Jewish polymath like Ruth Puttermesser who creates a female golem to save New York, in releasing procreativity from the necessity of heterosexual reproduction, unwittingly unleashes a plague of ‘hyperfemininity’ that threatens to destroy culture. Thus, the break from the biological restraints of procreation and the establishment of a utopian femarche (female rule) are deconstructed, parodied, and retrospectively opposed as destructive, while the figure of the female savant / scientist emerges as a tragic one, torn between the need to nurture, and the catastrophic consequences of that need.
Latvian-English-Latvian Electronic Lexicographic Resources of Legal Terminology
Authors: Karpinska Laura , Liepiņa Dace 
Published: July 2022

The technological advances of the 20th and 21st centuries have played a significant part in facilitating information exchange and processing the worldwide community outreach. A significant achievement has been the development of electronic dictionaries and terminological databases that allow access to information from various sources and in different languages. Much has been done to develop Latvian electronic dictionaries in line with the requirements of modern lexicography; however, the available electronic terminological databases are not so helpful in dealing with domain-specific terminology as is the case of Legal Latvian and its equivalents in other languages. The aim of the present research study has been to examine Latvian-English-Latvian electronic lexicographic resources, their adaptability to user needs and reliability, focusing in particular on their treatment of legal terminology where utmost precision is required. The research reveals the need for a free-access legal terminology electronic database where Latvian terms have equivalents from different foreign languages with appropriate support information. Undoubtedly, such a database can be developed only in close cooperation between language specialists and legal professionals that would consolidate the stability and reliability of Latvian legal terminology and the respective equivalents in other languages.
Functional Transposition of After from a Diachronic Perspective
Authors: Kovbasko Yurii 
Published: July 2022

The paper aims at tracing the origin of the preposition, adverb, and conjunction after, starting with the first examples registered before 850; distinguishing the primary and transposed categories; and reconstructing the process of functional transposition in general. The analysis is undertaken on the basis of the examples, which have been manually selected from the HCET and the CLMET and have undergone the following PoS tagging, and the statistical data retrieved from the COHA and the BNC. It is proved that after emerges as the preposition and transposes into the adverb and conjunction. The preposition, which predominates throughout Old English, loses its position in favor of the adverb in the second half of the Middle English period. Later, it stabilizes the correlation, which remains more or less consistent up to now. The adverb reaches its peak in Early Modern English, then it starts rapid declension, and now its quantity is close to null. The conjunction, being neglected up to the middle of the Early Modern English period, starts its increase and is at the peak in Present-Day English. It testifies that functional transposition, which is undeservingly disregarded in linguistics, is still remaining in progress for fundamental and newly-coined lexical units.
Reinterpretation of Spiritual Autobiography Genre in Richard Rodriguez’s Darling
Authors: Rakhnianskyi Viktor , Chernikova Oleksandra , Khabotniakova Polina , Gaidash Anna 
Published: July 2022

The article is focused on the reinterpretation of the genre of spiritual autobiography in Richard Rodriguez’s novel Darling. Rodriguez’s autobiographical prose depicts his extremely embittered attitude to heritage and the pitfalls lurking at the crossroads of cultural practices. For a long time, this author had been placed outside the canon of Chicano literature and was considered an ‘outsider’ because of his statement that he was not a representative of a minority but a supporter of the assimilation of immigrants into the broader mainstream American society. Rodriguez emphasized the privilege of the individual over the collective identity. The study focuses on the formation of ethnic identity by autobiographical narrator Rodriguez and the evolution of his views on the nature of the concept of ‘self-identification’. In addition, as Mexican-Americans are gradually becoming the largest ethno-cultural group in the United States of America, the issues of identity, assimilation, heterogeneity and cultural hybridity raised by the author stay relevant and important.
Two Truths and a Lie: Introduction to Deception Detection
Authors: Davidyan Julia Y. , Huels Brian W. , Gissel Jodi L. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
A plethora of research exists relating to active student learning, engagement, and pedagogical best practices. Unfortunately, related to auditing and forensic accounting, there are not many classroom activities aligning the aforementioned areas. This activity bridges said gap with an engaging exercise using the well-known “two truths and a lie” game. The activity's learning objectives include (1) identifying common signs of deception that may be present in interactions during auditing or forensic accounting engagements, (2) demonstrating the ability to determine when an individual may be using deception in interactions, and (3) demonstrating professional writing skills. Students create a short, simple video as a base for the activity, then engage in a subsequent review of assigned materials, group discussion, and an individual written self-reflection. Implementation results indicate this activity is a valuable learning experience, increases student knowledge about deception detection, and provides a unique platform for students to explore cues of deception.
The Effects of Critical Audit Matter Disclosure on Audit Effort, Investor Scrutiny, and Investment Efficiency
Authors: Chan Derek K. , Liu Nanqin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of the disclosure of critical audit matters (CAMs) on an auditor’s audit effort and an investor’s scrutiny effort decisions and on investment efficiency. Both the auditor and the investor can prevent a bad investment by respectively auditing and scrutinizing the firm’s financial reports to detect misstatements about the investment value. Investment efficiency is determined by the investor’s total mix of information. The disclosure of CAMs helps the investor assess investment risk and infer the auditor’s effort and thus enables the investor to fine-tune scrutiny effort, which can in turn adversely influence the auditor’s effort decision. We show when and why the disclosure of CAMs increases or decreases ex ante audit effort, ex ante investor scrutiny, and investment efficiency. Our analyses have both testable empirical implications and policy implications.
JEL Classifications: M42; M48.