bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinative regulation of ERAD and selective autophagy in plants
Authors: Chen Qian , Wu Yaorong , Yu Feifei , Xie Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays important roles in plant development, hormone signaling, and plant-environment stress interactions by promoting the clearance of certain proteins or soluble misfolded proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Selective autophagy is involved in the autophagic degradation of protein aggregates mediated by specific selective autophagy receptors. These two major degradation routes co-operate with each other to relieve the cytotoxicity caused by ER stress. In this review, we analyze ERAD and different types of autophagy, including nonselective macroautophagy and ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent selective autophagy in plants, and specifically summarize the selective autophagy receptors characterized in plants. In addition to being a part of selective autophagy, ERAD components also serve as their cargos. Moreover, an ubiquitinated substrate can be delivered to two distinguishable degradation systems, while the underlying determinants remain elusive. These excellent findings suggest an interdependent but complicated relationship between ERAD and selective autophagy. According to this point, we propose several key issues that need to be addressed in the future.
Completing a Voice-Specialized Clinical Fellowship
Authors: Morton Mariah E. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this short essay was to provide a perspective as an early career speech-language pathologist, who recently completed a voice- and upper airway–specific Clinical Fellowship.

Conclusions:
Reminding myself of my “why” as I faced roadblocks along the journey, finding community, and leaning into the identities/experiences that made me a unique candidate and clinician within the world of voice were valuable lessons learned in my pursuit to enter the profession. I hope the field of voice science and medicine will acknowledge the need to seek out clinicians of diverse backgrounds in our efforts to make voice care accessible for all.
Design of dynamic active‐passive beamforming for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces assisted hybrid VLC/RF communications
Authors: Han Yufeng , Xiao Yue , Zhang Xiaonan , Gao Yulan , Zhu Qiaonan , Dong Binhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hybrid visible light communication (VLC)/radio frequency (RF) communications are investigated with the aid of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in dynamic wireless networks, where the RIS access selection processes of VLC/RF users are updated depending on the channel quality dynamically. Specifically, a dynamic optimization problem due to the mobility of users and time‐varying selection strategy is formulated. Under the constraints of the average minimum rate for VLC/RF users and the maximum transmit power constraints for VLC/RF access points (APs), the target is to minimize the average long‐term power consumption, by jointly considering the active beamforming at APs and the passive beamforming at RISs. Based on the Lyapunov optimization framework and the drift‐plus‐penalty (DPP) algorithm, the original optimization problem is transformed into corresponding short‐term problems at each frame. Furthermore, the closed form solutions with active‐passive beamforming are derived using the fractional programming method based on the Lagrangian dual theory. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.
W‐band layered waveguide filters based on CNC‐milling technology
Authors: Zhao Yun , Yan Yu‐Tao , Ye Fan , Ding Jiang‐Qiao , Li Sheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of multi‐pixel receivers on the millimetre‐wave and terahertz bands demands on the integration of key waveguide devices. In this paper, two waveguide bandpass filters operating at the W‐band are developed based on the layered integration architecture. First, the traditional fourth‐order waveguide filter is perpendicularly folded to realise dual‐layered arrangement, meanwhile a cross‐coupling between layers is introduced to obtain the standard quasi‐elliptical response. Then, two layered approaches including 5‐layer and 3‐layer are proposed to fabricate filter prototypes integrating with 90° curved waveguides based on the computer numerical control (CNC) technology. Finally, the measurement exhibits that both filters have achieved the 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 14.8% from 85 to 98.5 GHz, low insertion loss of 0.6 dB (5‐layer) and 0.4 dB (3‐layer), the return loss with better than 20 dB, as well as two obvious transmission zeros in the out‐of‐band. Besides, the layering error analysis and performance comparison of both filters are discussed, which verify the feasibility of the layered integration for CNC‐machined W‐band waveguide filters.
Graphene antidot nanoribbon tunnel field‐effect transistor
Authors: Xiao Zhixing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA graphene nanoribbon tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) model is proposed, in which the antidot pattern is used to generate the heterojunction (HJ) band structure. The intrinsic strain at the HJ interface is absent naturally, greatly avoiding the tunnelling blocking effect of the interface states. The energy gap (Eg) of the graphene antidot nanoribbon (GANR) can be flexibly modulated through the antidot morphology, resulting in highly tunable device performance. Moreover, the stability of the TFET behaviours considering the patterning technology issue is studied. Simulation results indicate that the GANR is suitable for the TFET design in different application scenarios.
Surface code design for asymmetric error channels
Authors: Azad Utkarsh , Lipińska Aleksandra , Mahato Shilpa , Sachdeva Rijul , Bhoumik Debasmita , Majumdar Ritajit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface codes are quantum error correcting codes typically defined on a 2D array of qubits. A [dx, dz] surface code design is being introduced, where dx(dz) represents the distance of the code for bit (phase) error correction, motivated by the fact that the severity of bit flip and phase flip errors in the physical quantum system is asymmetric. We present pseudo‐threshold and threshold values for the proposed surface code design for asymmetric error channels in the presence of various degrees of asymmetry of , errors in a depolarisation channel. We demonstrate that compared to symmetric surface codes, our asymmetric surface codes can provide almost double the pseudo‐threshold rates while requiring less than half the number of physical qubits in the presence of increasing asymmetry in the error channel. Our results show that for low degree of asymmetry, it is advantageous to increase dx along with dz. However, as the asymmetry of the channel increases, higher pseudo‐threshold is obtained with increasing dz when dx is kept constant at a low value. Additionally, we also show that the advantage in the pseudo‐threshold rates begins to saturate for any possible degree of asymmetry in the error channel as the surface code asymmetry is continued to be increased.
Regularized 3D spectroscopy with CubeFit: Method and application to the Galactic Center circumnuclear disk
Authors: Paumard Thibaut , Ciurlo Anna , Morris Mark R. , Do Tuan , Ghez Andrea M. 
Published: May 2022

Context. The Galactic Center black hole and the nuclear star cluster are surrounded by a clumpy ring of gas and dust, the circumnuclear disk (CND), that rotates about them at a standoff distance of ≃1.5 pc. The mass and density of individual clumps in the CND are disputed.
Aims. We seek to use H2 to characterize the clump size distribution and to investigate the morphology and dynamics of the interface between the ionized interior layer of the CND and the molecular reservoir lying farther out (corresponding to the inner rim of the CND, illuminated in ultraviolet light by the central star cluster).
Methods. We have observed two fields of approximately 20″ × 20″ in the CND at near-infrared wavelengths with the OSIRIS spectro-imager at the Keck Observatory. These two fields, located at the approaching and receding nodes of the CND, best display this interface. Our data cover two H2 lines as well as the Brγ line (tracing H II). We have developed the tool CubeFit, an original method for extracting maps of continuous physical parameters (such as the velocity field and velocity dispersion) from integral-field spectroscopy data, using regularization to largely preserve spatial resolution in regions of low signal-to-noise ratio.
Results. This original method enables us to isolate compact, bright features in the interstellar medium of the CND. Several clumps in the southwestern field assume the appearance of filaments, many of which are parallel to one another. We conclude that these clumps cannot be self-gravitating.
Revisiting Ulysses electron data with a triple fit of velocity distributions
Authors: Scherer K. , Husidic E. , Lazar M. , Fichtner H. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Given their uniqueness, the Ulysses data can still provide us with valuable new clues about the properties of plasma populations in the solar wind, and especially about their variations with heliographic coordinates. In the context of kinetic waves and instabilities in the solar wind plasma, the electron temperature anisotropy plays a crucial role. To date, two electron populations (the core and the halo) have been surveyed using anisotropic fitting models, limited in general to the ecliptic observations.
Aims. We revisit the electron data reported by the SWOOPS instrument on board the Ulysses spacecraft between 1990 and early 2008. These observations reveal velocity distributions out of thermal equilibrium, with anisotropies (e.g., parallel drifts and/or different temperatures, parallel and perpendicular to the background magnetic field), and quasi-thermal and suprathermal populations with different properties.
Methods. We apply a 2D non-linear least squares fitting procedure, using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, to simultaneously fit the velocity electron data (up to a few keV) with a triple model combining three distinct populations: the more central quasi-thermal core, the suprathermal halo, and a second suprathermal population consisting mainly of the electron strahl (or beaming population with a major field-aligned drift). The recently introduced κ-cookbook is used to describe each component with the following anisotropic distribution functions (recipes): Maxwellian distribution, regularized κ-distribution, and generalized κ-distribution. Most relevant are triple combinations selected as best fits (BFs) with minimum relative errors and standard deviations.
Results. The number of BFs obtained for each fitting combination is 80.6% of the total number of events (70.7% in the absence of coronal mass ejections). Showing the distribution of the BFs for the entire data set, during the whole interval of time, enables us to identify the most representative fitting combinations associated with either fast or slow winds, and different phases of solar activity. The temperature anisotropy quantified by the best fits is considered a case study of the main parameters characterizing electron populations. By comparison to the core, both suprathermal populations exhibit higher temperature anisotropies, which slightly increase with the energy of electrons. Moreover, these anisotropies manifest different dependences on the solar wind speed and heliographic coordinates, and are highly conditioned by the fitting model.
Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the characterization of plasma particles is highly dependent on the fitting models and their combinations, and this method must be considered with caution. However, the multi-distribution function fitting of velocity distributions has a significant potential to advance our understanding of solar wind kinetics and deserves further quantitative analyses.
Implementation paradigm for supervised flare forecasting studies: A deep learning application with video data
Authors: Guastavino Sabrina , Marchetti Francesco , Benvenuto Federico , Campi Cristina , Piana Michele 
Published: May 2022

Aims. In this study, we introduce a general paradigm for generating independent and well-balanced training, validation, and test sets for use in supervised machine and deep learning flare forecasting, to determine the extent to which video-based deep learning can predict solar flares.
Methods. We use this implementation paradigm in the case of a deep neural network, which takes videos of magnetograms recorded by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/HMI) as input.
Results. The way the training and validation sets are prepared for network optimization has a significant impact on the prediction performances. Furthermore, deep learning is able to realize flare video classification with prediction performances that are in line with those obtained by machine learning approaches that require an a priori extraction of features from the HMI magnetograms.
Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the solar flare forecasting problem is addressed by means of a deep neural network for video classification, which does not require any a priori extraction of features from the HMI magnetograms.
Revisiting rural healthcare access through Held’s ethics of care
Authors: Quilliam Claire , Glenister Kristen , Ervin Kaye , Weller-Newton Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccess to healthcare and health seeking behaviours of rural people often hinge on the existing relationships between healthcare providers and (prospective) healthcare users. However, rich micro-level health professional-healthcare user relationships and the unique relational context of rural settings are largely missing from dominant rural healthcare access conceptual frameworks. We argue rural healthcare access conceptualisations require revisiting from a relational perspective to ensure future healthcare access policy accounts for the relational nature of healthcare in rural contexts. Ethics of care is a moral theory informed by feminism which rejects liberal individualist notions and emphasises interdependence. We used Held’s ethics of care characteristics to examine Russell and colleagues’ healthcare access framework and dimensions for rural and remote populations. This process revealed Held’s ethics of care characteristics are only somewhat evident across Russell et al.’s dimensions: most evident in the acceptability and accommodation dimensions, and most absent in the availability and affordability dimensions. Future rural healthcare access frameworks need to pay further attention to the relational aspects of rural healthcare, particularly around the availability and affordability of healthcare, to bolster future efforts to improve healthcare access for rural people.
Towards a European political science? Opportunities and pitfalls in the internationalisation of political science in Europe
Authors: Engeli Isabelle , Kostova Dobrinka , Tronconi Filippo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolitical science has not remained on the side of the internationalisation road. While continental European political science was criticised for not being internationalised enough in the beginning of this century, much progress has been done since then. This symposium discusses the state of play of the internationalisation trend(s) in European political science. Building on the data collected within the COST programme PROSEPS, the contributions show that we have made progress toward building a scholarly community across Europe. European political research has, on a number aspects, become a more collective endeavour deployed across Europe. Opportunities for cumulative knowledge-building and intellectual exchange are, partially at least, supported by internationalisation. These opportunities have significantly increased over the last two decades. We are, nevertheless, not there yet. The articles shed light on a number of challenges and pitfalls on the path towards a truly Europe-wide political science.
A fluorescent nanosensor paint detects dopamine release at axonal varicosities with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Elizarova Sofia , Chouaib Abed Alrahman , Shaib Ali , Hill Björn , Mann Florian , Brose Nils , Kruss Sebastian , Daniel James A. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The neurotransmitter dopamine controls normal behavior and dopaminergic dysfunction is prevalent in multiple brain diseases. To reach a detailed understanding of how dopamine release and signaling are regulated at the subcellular level, we developed a near infrared fluorescent dopamine nanosensor 'paint' (AndromeDA) to directly image dopamine release and its spatiotemporal characteristics. With AndromeDA, we can ascribe discrete DA release events to defined axonal varicosities, directly assess the heterogeneity of DA release events across such release sites, and determine the molecular components of the DA release machinery. AndromeDA thus provides a new method for gaining fundamental insights into the core mechanisms of dopamine release, which with greatly benefit our knowledge of dopamine biology and pathobiology.
Generalized (α, β)-derivations in 3-prime near-rings
Authors: Boua Abdelkarim , Abdelwanis Ahmed Y. 
Published: May 2022

Let be a 3-prime near-ring and are endomorphisms. In this paper, we generalize a few results concerning generalized derivations and two sided α -generalized derivations of 3-prime near rings to generalized (α, β) -derivations. Cases demonstrating the need of the 3-primeness speculation is given. When (resp. ), one can easily obtain the main results of [1] (resp. [4]).
Experimental evidence of exchange forces between nanoparticles in a superparamagnetic system
Authors: de Araújo João Carlos Rocha , de Moraes Iglesias Carlos Augusto , da Silva Rodolfo Bezerra , Araujo Barbosa Suzana , Xavier Jayson , Silva Filho Ernani Dias da , Cardozo Fonseca José Luis , Souza Paloma Boeck , Campos Plá Cid Cristiani , Machado Fernando Luis de Araujo , da Silva Edimilson Félix , Gamino Matheus , de Medeiros Suzana Nóbrega , Correa Marcio Assolin , Bohn Felipe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although interacting superparamagnetic systems have been widely explored, in most cases the correlations are only assigned to dipolar interactions. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the properties of superparamagnetic MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, a system with characteristics that led us to believe they are associated with the existence of exchange interactions in the system. We first confirm that our sample consists of pure MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, having an average size of ∼12 nm and superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature with an irreversibility temperature of 250 K. Nevertheless, we reveal that the magnetic response is not well described by the Langevin function, even when taking into account the size distribution of the nanoparticles. In order to address the reasons for such deviation from the non-interacting behavior of a superparamagnetic system, we focus our attention on equilibrium and dynamic magnetization measurements, and consider a theoretical approach in the context of mean-field approximation, in which the effects of interactions in the sample are investigated. From the results, we find a positive value of 243 K for the parameter Θ associated with the mean field. Such a condition imposes the existence of magnetizing effects due to interactions in the system, which, according to Weiss’ mean field theory, are a fingerprint of the presence of exchange forces between nanoparticles.
Single-crystal elasticity of Zn2TiO4-spinel up to 18 GPa
Authors: Zhang Caizi , Li Fangfei , Wei Xinmiao , Nie Linsheng , Zhou Qiang , Li Xinyang , Li Liang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The single-crystal elastic constants of the spinel phase of Zn2TiO4 have been studied for the first-time using Brillouin scattering up to 18 GPa at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell. The three independent elastic constants of Zn2TiO4 spinel at ambient conditions were calculated: C
11 = 226(3), C
12 = 137(4) and C
44 = 88(2). The bulk modulus (K
S0) is 167(3) GPa, with pressure derivative

K

′

s

=
5.3
(
2
)

, and the shear modulus (G
0) is 67(1) GPa, with pressure derivative

G

′

=
0.06
(
5
)

. On basis of previous studies, our results suggest a possibility of the general law of elastic constants with pressure derivative (

C

′

ijs

) for spinel structure minerals:

C

′

11

≈

C

′

12

and

C

′

44

<<

C

′

11

C

′

12

. In addition, Zn2TiO4 have the lowest velocities and V
S gradient compared with the spinel type minerals in Earth’s mantle. Our results indicate the incorporation of Zn and Ti in the structure of ringwoodite may have a negative effect on the sound velocities and V
S gradient of Earth’s mantle transition zone.
A simulation system of radiation field and its detection for nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness and response training
Authors: Ji Yunlong , Wang Xiaoning , Zou Yang , Li Dawei , Zhang Yuxin , Ning Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Appropriate training of the related personnel is one of the most important aspects in nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness and response. The use of simulation training could provide the trainees learning experience of a lifelike, hands-on scenario without associated radiation safety restrictions. In this study, we established a radiation field simulation system that includes two separate parts. For small-area radiation field simulation, a set of simulation sources and detectors was designed based on ultra wide band distance measurement technology. For large-area field simulation, a Gaussian plume model was used to simulate the dispersion of released radioactive aerosols and calculate the consequent radiation field. Also, a Global Position System positioning and wireless transmission technique was used for simulation instruments’ data acquisition. This system could create a verisimilar but also safe and radiation-free environment and can be used in the training of nuclear emergency first responders, rescue teams or radiation protection personnel.
Optimized design of the restrictor for a MEMS thermal gas flowmeter
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhai Yuan , Deng Bo , Yin Hao , Lu Zhuang , Xiang Yi , Shi Jinliang , Zeng Zhijie , Wu Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To improve the linear range of measurement, a restrictor is usually added to the main flow channel of a capillary-tube-type thermal mass flowmeter. However, as the linear range of the flowmeter increases, the singularity will occur in the low mass flow velocity section of the flowmeter calibration data, which will lead to a significant decrease in the measurement accuracy in this section. To address this issue, first, this paper developed a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal gas flowmeter based on the principle of capillary-tube-type thermal mass flow. Then, the effect of the bypass ratio on its performance was further investigated using quantitative analysis and was verified using Fluent numerical analysis. In addition, to explain the singularity, the bypass ratio-sensitivity relationship model was built. Based on this model, the bypass ratio can be changed by adjusting the restrictor parameters to optimize the performance of the MEMS thermal gas flowmeter. Moreover, six numerical simulation models of restrictors with different aperture diameters and aperture numbers were designed. The numerical analysis results show that within a certain range of aperture diameters and aperture numbers, the singularity is more easily weakened when the aperture diameter decreases or the aperture number increases. Finally, the restrictor with the optimum aperture number and suitable aperture diameter was selected as the test model for calibration, and the goodness of fit R2
of the calibration results is improved from 0.9937 to 0.9972, the singularity in the low mass flow velocity section is significantly weakened, and the sensitivity is improved.