bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bergerac strains of Caenorhabditis elegans revisited: expansion of Tc1 elements imposes a significant genomic and fitness cost
Authors: Daigle Austin T , Deiss Thaddeus C , Melde Robert H , Bergthorsson Ulfar , Katju Vaishali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The DNA transposon Tc1 was the first transposable element to be characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans and to date, remains the best-studied transposable element in Caenorhabditis worms. While Tc1 copy-number is regulated at approximately 30 copies in the laboratory Bristol N2 and the vast majority of C. elegans strains, the Bergerac strain and its derivatives have experienced a marked Tc1 proliferation. Given the historical importance of the Bergerac strain in the development of the C. elegans model, we implemented a modern genomic analysis of three Bergerac strains (CB4851, RW6999, and RW7000) in conjunction with multiple phenotypic assays to better elucidate the (1) genomic distribution of Tc1 and (2) phenotypic consequences of transposable element deregulation for the host organism. The median estimates of Tc1 copy-number in the Bergerac strains ranged from 451 to 748, which is both (1) greater than previously estimated and (2) likely to be an underestimate of the actual copy-numbers since coverage-based estimates and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction results both suggest higher Tc1 numbers. All three Bergerac strains had significantly reduced trait means compared with the N2 control for each of four fitness-related traits, with specific traits displaying significant differences between Bergerac strains. Tc1 proliferation was genome-wide, specific to Tc1, and particularly high on chromosomes V and X. There were fewer Tc1 insertions in highly expressed chromatin environments than expected by chance. Furthermore, Tc1 integration motifs were also less frequent in exon than noncoding sequences. The source of the proliferation of Tc1 in the Bergerac strains is specific to Tc1 and independent of other transposable elements. The Bergerac strains contain none of the alleles that have previously been found to derepress transposable element activity in C. elegans. However, the Bergerac strains had several Tc1 insertions near or within highly germline-transcribed genes which could account for the recent germline proliferation.
Redox-based Disruption of Cellular Hormesis and Promotion of Degenerative Pathways: Perspectives on Aging Processes
Authors: Bevere Michele , Di Cola Giulia , Santangelo Carmen , Grazioli Elisa , Marramiero Lorenzo , Pignatelli Pamela , Bondi Danilo , Mrakic-Sposta Simona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present work aims to link the redox and cell-centric theories of chronic processes in human biology, focusing on aging. A synthetic overview of cellular redox pathways will be integrated by the concept of hormesis, which disruption leads to several physiopathological processes. The onset of age-related diseases due to the restriction of homeodynamic capacity will be herein considered in a redox fashion. Up-to-date arguments on hormetic agents, such as geroprotectors, dietary interventions, and physical exercise are refining the presented theoretical framework, integrated by insights from extracellular vesicles, microbiota, pollutants, and timing mechanisms. The broad concepts of exposome encompass the redox-based alteration of cellular hormesis for providing meaningful perspectives on redox biogerontology.
Yield estimate for the January 2016 DPRK nuclear test based on InSAR and numerical modelling with mechanical heterogeneity
Authors: Slead Sandra , Wei Meng (Matt) 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) provides a way of measuring ground deformation caused by underground nuclear testing via a satellite remote sensing platform. We present a finite-element model (FEM) of the nuclear test site in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, formerly North Korea) constrained by InSAR data. The model simulates elastic deformation caused by an underground explosion and includes high-resolution topography and mechanical heterogeneity. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate the effect of mechanical heterogeneity (a layered structure in our case) on deformation modelling at the DPRK test site. Sensitivity testing shows that inclusion of topography, mechanical layering and the combined effect results in 48.2, 22.6 and 91.5 per cent increase in the maximum predicted deformation, respectively. This suggests that previous models that do not account for these complexities may overestimate the nuclear yield and/or underestimate the depth of burial (DoB). We performed a parameter search to solve for the cavity size and DoB that best reproduce ground deformation observed in ALOS-2 InSAR data covering the DPRK's 4th nuclear test (DPRK4). Using these best-fit values with a cavity-yield scaling law, we estimate the yield of DPRK4 to be 10–20 kt at a DoB of 542–826 m. Our method provides an estimate that is independent from and complementary to traditional seismic methods, which is useful for a location that is data-limited.
On the seismic source function of an underwater explosion
Authors: Ping Jin , Henglei Xu , Hongchun Wang , Haofeng Zhu 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThe seismic source function of an underwater explosion (UWE) is studied based on characteristics of the shock wave and the secondary bubble pulses. A mathematic representation for the full pressure history including overpressure and underpressure caused by both shock wave and bubble pulses is presented. Based on the full pressure model, UWEs’ reduced displacement/velocity potentials both in time and frequency domain are obtained. The new seismic source model overcomes the theoretical inconsistency with the UWE seismic source model presented by Savage & Helmberger taking account of the shock wave overpressure only, and the steady-state reduced displacement potential predicted by the full pressure model is much larger than that predicted by the shock wave model by a factor that would exceed 100 for shallow UWEs. Relative seismic effect between underwater and underground explosions is modelled and the result by the full pressure model is consistent with observations that seismic magnitude of an UWE commonly is much larger than magnitude of an underground explosion of the same yield. And to further validate the full pressure model, Pn spectra of a 10 000lbs UWE off the east coast of Florida detonated on 2016 June 10 are modelled for six regional stations, and the results predicted by the full pressure model agree well with corresponding observations.
Predicting elimination of evolving virus variants
Authors: Hughes Elliott , Binny Rachelle , Hendy Shaun , James Alex 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads around the world new variants are appearing regularly. Although some countries have achieved very swift and successful vaccination campaigns, on a global scale the vast majority of the population is unvaccinated and new variants are proving more resistant to the current set of vaccines. We present a simple model of disease spread, which includes the evolution of new variants of a novel virus and varying vaccine effectiveness to these new strains. We show that rapid vaccine updates to target new strains are more effective than slow updates and containing spread through non-pharmaceutical interventions is vital while these vaccines are delivered. Finally, when measuring the key model inputs, e.g. the rate at which new mutations and variants of concern emerge, is difficult we show how an observable model output, the number of new variants that have been seen, is strongly correlated with the probability the virus is eliminated.
Numerical analysis of multiple scattering theory for electronic structure calculations
Authors: Li Xiaoxu , Chen Huajie , Gao Xingyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multiple scattering theory (MST) is one of the most widely used methods in electronic structure calculations. It features a perfect separation between atomic configurations and site potentials and hence provides an efficient way to simulate defected and disordered systems. This work studies MST methods from a numerical point of view and shows convergence with respect to the truncation of the angular momentum summations, which is a fundamental approximation parameter for all MST methods. We provide both rigorous analysis and numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of MST methods within the angular momentum representations.
Association between body condition score fluctuations and pregnancy loss in Holstein cows
Authors: Pinedo Pablo J , Manríquez Diego , Ciarletta Cassandra , Azocar Joaquín , De Vries Albert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the associations between body condition score (BCS) and BCS change (∆BCS), determined by an automated camera system during early lactation and close to artificial insemination (AI), and the subsequent pregnancy loss (PL) in Holstein cows. A secondary objective was to determine the impact of disease on PL, considering multiple time periods relative to AI. Data from 9,430 lactations in 6,884 Holstein cows in a commercial dairy operation located in Colorado, USA were included in this retrospective observational study. Cows were subject to first AI at about 80 DIM (primiparous) and 60 DIM (multiparous), following a double OvSynch protocol. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via transrectal ultrasonography on day 32 ± 3 after AI and reconfirmed on day 80 ± 3 after AI. Cameras mounted on the sorting gate at each exit (n = 2) of the milking parlor generated BCS on a five-point scale with 0.1 increments. The BCS at calving (BCS1), 21 DIM (BCS21), 56 DIM (BCS56), AI resulting in pregnancy (BCSAI), and 90 d post AI (BCSAI90) were selected for the analyses and subsequently categorized as low (≤ lower quartile), moderate (interquartile range), and high (≥ upper quartile). Changes in BCS were calculated by periods of interest as change from calving to 21 DIM; change from calving to 56 DIM; change from 56 DIM to AI; and change from AI to 90 d post AI and assigned into categories to facilitate the analysis. Data were examined using logistic regression, considering parity category, season at calving and AI, DIM at AI, milk yield up to 60 DIM, and occurrence of disease as covariables. The logistic regression analyses indicated that the odds of PL were greater in cows in the low BCS category relative to cows in the high BCS category at 56 DIM (OR 95% CI = 1.41 [1.12–1.79]), AI (1.31 [1.05–1.65]), and 90 d post AI (1.38 [1.10–1.74]). Likewise, cows with large loss in BCS between calving and 21 DIM (1.46 [1.10–1.94]) and loss in BCS between AI and 90 d post AI (1.44 [1.15–1.81]) had greater odds of PL compared with cows with no loss of BCS within the same period. Occurrence of disease at all the time periods considered in the analysis had a consistent detrimental impact on maintenance of the pregnancy, supporting the concept that pre and postconceptional disease affects embryonic survival. Overall, low BCS, more pronounced reductions in BCS occurring closer to AI, and occurrence of disease resulted in greater PL in this Holstein population.
Functional amino acid supplementation attenuates the negative effects of plant-based nursery diets on the response of pigs to a subsequent Salmonella Typhimurium challenge
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas A , Panisson Josiane C , Van Kessel Andrew G , Columbus Daniel A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Functional amino acids (FAA) attenuate the effects of Salmonella challenge in pigs. However, this may be affected by protein source (PS). The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of nursery dietary PS and FAA supplementation on growth performance and immune status of pigs subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Thirty-two weanling pigs (8.7 ± 0.23 kg) were assigned to a feeding program for 31 d in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were dietary PS (plant-based [PB] vs. animal-based [AB]) and FAA profile (basal [FAA−] or supplemented [FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements]). Pigs were subsequently placed on a common grower diet and, after a 7-d adaptation, were inoculated with ST and monitored for 7 d postinoculation. Growth performance, rectal temperature, fecal score, gut health, ST shedding score, intestinal colonization and translocation, and blood parameters of acute-phase response and antioxidant balance were measured pre- and postinoculation. Data were analyzed with a 2 (AB vs. PB) × 2 (FAA− vs. FAA+) factorial arrangement of treatments and differences between means were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Postinoculation fecal score was worse, ST shedding, cecal myeloperoxidase, and cecal and colonic ST colonization were greater in PB compared to AB pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Translocation of ST to spleen was decreased by FAA+ (P &lt; 0.05), regardless of dietary PS. Postinoculation, AB pigs had greater average daily gain compared to PB-FAA− (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed AB-FAA− showed increased average daily feed intake compared to PB-FAA− pigs (P &lt; 0.05) and feed efficiency was increased in AB-FAA+ compared to PB-FAA− pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Feeding PB ingredients in nursery diets seems to increase susceptibility of pigs to Salmonella. Moreover, FAA supplementation partially attenuated the negative effects of PB diets on the response of pigs to ST challenge.
Individual disturbance and neighborhood mutation search enhanced whale optimization: performance design for engineering problems
Authors: Qiao Shimeng , Yu Helong , Heidari Ali Asghar , El-Saleh Ayman A , Cai Zhennao , Xu Xingmei , Mafarja Majdi , Chen Huiling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe whale optimizer is a popular metaheuristic algorithm, which has the problems of weak global exploration, easy falling into local optimum, and low optimization accuracy when searching for the optimal solution. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based on the worst individual disturbance (WD) and neighborhood mutation search (NM), named WDNMWOA, which employed WD to enhance the ability to jump out of local optimum and global exploration, adopted NM to enhance the possibility of individuals approaching the optimal solution. The superiority of WDNMWOA is demonstrated by representative IEEE CEC2014, CEC2017, CEC2019, and CEC2020 benchmark functions and four engineering examples. The experimental results show that thes WDNMWOA has better convergence accuracy and strong optimization ability than the original WOA.
Competition Law and Economic Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of the US Model of Law
Authors: Zac Amit 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
To what extent does the choice of competition law model correlate with economic inequality? While competition laws have been suggested as potentially contributing to current inequality trends in developed countries and as a viable instrument to address them, there is little empirical evidence on their distributional effects. This article helps fill this gap. It utilizes a comparative legal approach and a unique estimation framework based on the textual similarity to estimate the differences between the US and EU models and provides evidence that countries that adopt a US-style antitrust model are more likely to exhibit higher income inequality levels over time. While this link should not be interpreted causally, it suggests that potential institutional factors might affect the rise of inequality.
Effect of urbanization on the opossum Didelphis virginiana health and implications for zoonotic diseases
Authors: Glebskiy Yury , Acosta-Gutiérrez Roxana , Cano-Santana Zenón 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urban animals can be an important threat to human health as possible hosts of zoonotic diseases and their susceptibility to these diseases can depend on their overall health conditions. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that determine their health conditions. For this, we studied Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in six locations with different urbanization levels and types in Mexico City, Mexico. We trapped opossums and measured eight health-related characteristics (number of ectoparasites and tartar severity, among others) and estimated the percentage of area covered by the four main types of terrain (natural vegetation, managed vegetation, impermeable terrain and constructions). Data were analyzed by a canonical correspondence analysis. We found that impermeable terrain was related to negative health characteristics, while the constructions were opposite to impermeable terrain and mostly related to good health characteristics. At the same, time constructed areas held a smaller population than the natural areas. This suggests that constructed areas provide few shelters, but opossums are healthier there, while impermeable areas provide more shelter but cause more health problems to the animals, thus increasing the chances of zoonotic diseases. We recommend reducing the impermeable areas in city planning to contribute to a better health of the urban animals and therefore reduce risks of zoonotic diseases with potentially disastrous results.
Unravelling the nature of the dual AGN in the galaxy pair system IRAS 05589+2828 and 2MASX J06021107 + 2828382
Authors: Benítez E , Jiménez-Bailón E , Negrete C A , Ruschel-Dutra D , Rodríguez-Espinosa J M , Cruz-González I , Rodríguez L F , Chavushyan V H , Marziani P , Gutiérrez L , González-Martin O , Jiang B W , D’Onofrio M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We have studied the nuclear region of the previously detected dual AGN system in the galaxy pair IRAS 05589 + 2828 and 2MASX J06021107 + 2828382, through new optical spectroscopy observations, along with radio and X-ray archival data. Our multiwavelength data strongly suggest that the Sy1 IRAS 05589+2828  (z = 0.0330 ± 0.0002) conforms to a dual AGN system with the Sy2 2MASX J06021107 + 2828382  (z = 0.0334 ± 0.0001), with a projected separation obtained from the radio data of 20.08 arcsec  (∼13.3 kpc). Analysis of the optical spectra reveals a faint narrow extended emission from H α and [O iii] amidst the two AGN, supporting evidence for an ongoing merger. IRAS 05589 + 2828  is a double component narrow emission-line AGN, with complex broad Balmer emission line profiles that clearly show a strong red-peaklet with a velocity shift of ∼3500  km s−1. The black hole mass estimates of IRAS  05589 + 2828  and 2MASX J06021107 + 2828382  are log M $\rm _{BH}$  =  8.59 ± 0.14 (M⊙) and log M$\rm _{BH}$ = 8.21 ± 0.2 (M⊙), respectively. In the X-ray bands, IRAS 05589 + 2828  is compatible with a Type 1 object, showing both spectral and flux variability. Chandra  data of 2MASX J06021107 + 2828382 allowed us to measure a high hardness ratio in this source, providing evidence for a Type 2 AGN. The 22 GHz image obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array has revealed that both AGN are compact radio objects with spectral indices −0.26 ± 0.03 and −0.70 ± 0.11, confirming for the first time its dual AGN nature in the radio bands.
The impact of stellar evolution on rotating star clusters: the gravothermal-gravogyro catastrophe and the formation of a bar of black holes
Authors: Kamlah A W H , Spurzem R , Berczik P , Sedda M Arca , Dotti F Flammini , Neumayer N , Pang X , Shu Q , Tanikawa A , Giersz M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from a suite of eight direct N-body simulations, performed with nbody6++ GPU, representing realistic models of rotating star clusters with up to 1.1 × 105 stars. Our models feature primordial (hard) binaries, a continuous mass spectrum, differential rotation, and tidal mass-loss induced by the overall gravitational field of the host galaxy. We explore the impact of rotation and stellar evolution on the star cluster dynamics. In all runs for rotating star clusters, we detect a previously predicted mechanism: an initial phase of violent relaxation followed by the so-called gravogyro catastrophe. We find that the gravogyro catastrophe reaches a finite amplitude, which depends in strength on the level of the bulk rotation, and then levels off. After this phase, the angular momentum is transferred from high-mass to low-mass particles in the cluster (both stars and compact objects). Simultaneously, the system becomes gravothermally unstable and collapses, thus undergoing the so-called gravothermal-gravogyro catastrophe. Comparing models with and without stellar evolution, we find an interesting difference. When stellar evolution is not considered, the whole process proceeds at a faster pace. The population of heavy objects tends to form a triaxial structure that rotates in the cluster centre. When stellar evolution is considered, we find that such a rotating bar is populated by stellar black holes and their progenitors. The triaxial structure becomes axisymmetric over time, but we also find that the models without stellar evolution suffer repeated gravogyro catastrophes as sufficient angular momentum and mass are removed by the tidal field.
Understanding the secular evolution of NGC 628 using UltraViolet Imaging Telescope
Authors: Ujjwal K , Kartha Sreeja S , Subramanian Smitha , George Koshy , Thomas Robin , Mathew Blesson 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Secular and environmental effects play a significant role in regulating the star-formation rate and hence the evolution of the galaxies. Since ultraviolet (UV) flux is a direct tracer of the star formation in galaxies, the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat enables us to characterize the star-forming regions in a galaxy with its remarkable spatial resolution. In this study, we focus on the secular evolution of NGC 628, a spiral galaxy in the local Universe. We exploit the resolution of UVIT to resolve up to ∼63 pc in NGC 628 for identification and characterization of the star-forming regions. We identify 300 star-forming regions in the UVIT far-UV image of NGC 628 using ProFound and the identified regions are characterized using Starburst99 models. The age and mass distribution of the star-forming regions across the galaxy supports the inside-out growth of the disc. We find that there is no significant difference in the star-formation properties between the two arms of NGC 628. We also quantify the azimuthal offset of the star-forming regions of different ages. Since we do not find an age gradient, we suggest that the spiral density waves might not be the possible formation scenario of the spiral arms of NGC 628. The headlight cloud present in the disc of the galaxy is found to be having the highest star-formation rate density ($0.23 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{yr^{-1} \, kpc}^{-2}$) compared to other star-forming regions on spiral arms and the rest of the galaxy.