bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hilbert space of large N Chern-Simons matter theories
Authors: Minwalla Shiraz , Mishra Amiya , Prabhakar Naveen , Sharma Tarun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate that the known expressions for the thermal partition function of large N Chern-Simons matter theories admit a simple Hilbert space interpretation as the partition function of an associated ungauged large N matter theory with one additional condition: the Fock space of this associated theory is projected down to the subspace of its quantum singlets i.e. singlets under the Gauss law for Chern-Simons gauge theory. Via the Chern-Simons / WZW correspondence, the space of quantum singlets are equivalent to the space of WZW conformal blocks. One step in our demonstration involves recasting the Verlinde formula for the dimension of the space of conformal blocks in SU(N)k and U(N)k,k′ WZW theories into a simple and physically transparent form, which we also rederive by evaluating the partition function and superconformal index of pure Chern-Simons theory in the presence of Wilson lines. A particular consequence of the projection of the Fock space of Chern-Simons matter theories to quantum (or WZW) singlets is the ‘Bosonic Exclusion Principle’: the number of bosons occupying any single particle state is bounded above by the Chern-Simons level. The quantum singlet condition (unlike its Yang-Mills Gauss Law counterpart) has a nontrivial impact on thermodynamics even in the infinite volume limit. In this limit the projected Fock space partition function reduces to a product of partition functions, one for each single particle state. These single particle state partition functions are q-deformations of their free boson and free fermion counterparts and interpolate between these two special cases. We also propose a formula for the large N partition function that is valid for arbitrary finite volume of the spatial S2 and not only at large volume.
M2-branes and plane partitions
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a correspondence between the protected local operators in the 3d SCFTs describing the geometry ℂ2probed by a stack ofNM2-branes and plane partitions of traceN. We give combinatorial expressions of the indices which count the local operators parametrizing ℂ2/ℤkprobed byNM2-branes in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles in terms of generating functions for plane partitions. We derive the asymptotic behaviors of the grand potential in the high-temperature limit and the scaling dimension in the largeNlimit.
Ambiguity resolution for integrable gravitational charges
Authors: Speranza Antony J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, Ciambelli, Leigh, and Pai (CLP) [arXiv:2111.13181] have shown that nonzero charges integrating Hamilton’s equation can be defined for all diffeomorphisms acting near the boundary of a subregion in a gravitational theory. This is done by extending the phase space to include a set of embedding fields that parameterize the location of the boundary. Because their construction differs from previous works on extended phase spaces by a covariant phase space ambiguity, the question arises as to whether the resulting charges are unambiguously defined. Here, we demonstrate that ambiguity-free charges can be obtained by appealing to the variational principle for the subregion, following recent developments on dealing with boundaries in the covariant phase space. Resolving the ambiguity produces corrections to the diffeomorphism charges, and also generates additional obstructions to integrability of Hamilton’s equation. We emphasize the fact that the CLP extended phase space produces nonzero diffeomorphism charges distinguishes it from previous constructions in which diffeomorphisms are pure gauge, since the embedding fields can always be eliminated from the latter by a choice of unitary gauge. Finally, we show that Wald-Zoupas charges, with their characteristic obstruction to integrability, are associated with a modified transformation in the extended phase space, clarifying the reason behind integrability of Hamilton’s equation for standard diffeomorphisms.
Stability for Evolution Equations with Variable Growth
Authors: Shmarev Sergey , Simsen Jacson , Simsen Mariza Stefanello 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the evolution p(x, t)-Laplacian with the nonlinear source $$\begin{aligned} u_t-{\text {div}}\left( |\nabla u|^{p(x,t)-2}\nabla u\right) =f(x,t,u),\quad (x,t)\in Q=\Omega \times (0,T). \end{aligned}$$

u
t

-
div

|
∇
u
|

p
(
x
,
t
)
-
2

∇
u

=
f

(
x
,
t
,
u
)

,

(
x
,
t
)

∈
Q
=
Ω
×

(
0
,
T
)

.

Here, $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

Ω
⊂

R

n

is a bounded domain, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, and $$p(x,\!t)$$

p
(
x
,

t
)

is a given function $$p(\cdot ):Q\mapsto (\frac{2n}{n+2},p^+]$$

p

(
·
)

:
Q
↦

(

2
n

n
+
2

,

p
+

]

, $$p^+<\infty $$

p
+

<
∞

. It is shown that the solution is stable with respect to perturbations of the exponent p(x, t), the nonlinear source f(x, t, u), and the initial datum. We obtain quantitative estimates on the norm of the difference between two solutions in a variable Sobolev space through the norms of perturbations of the exponent p(x, t) and the data u(x, 0), f. Estimates on the rate of convergence of solutions of perturbed problems to the solution of the limit problem are derived.
KPNB1 modulates the Machado–Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 through activation of the mitochondrial protease CLPP
Authors: Abeditashi Mahkameh , Weber Jonasz Jeremiasz , Pereira Sena Priscila , Velic Ana , Kalimeri Maria , Incebacak Eltemur Rana Dilara , Schmidt Jana , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette , Hauser Stefan , Macek Boris , Riess Olaf , Schmidt Thorsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMachado–Joseph disease (MJD) is characterized by a pathological expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-3 protein. Despite its primarily cytoplasmic localization, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 accumulates in the nucleus and forms intranuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Due to these histopathological hallmarks, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery has garnered attention as an important disease relevant mechanism. Here, we report on MJD cell model-based analysis of the nuclear transport receptor karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and its implications in the molecular pathogenesis of MJD. Although directly interacting with both wild-type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, modulating KPNB1 did not alter the intracellular localization of ataxin-3. Instead, overexpression of KPNB1 reduced ataxin-3 protein levels and the aggregate load, thereby improving cell viability. On the other hand, its knockdown and inhibition resulted in the accumulation of soluble and insoluble ataxin-3. Interestingly, the reduction of ataxin-3 was apparently based on protein fragmentation independent of the classical MJD-associated proteolytic pathways. Label-free quantitative proteomics and knockdown experiments identified mitochondrial protease CLPP as a potential mediator of the ataxin-3-degrading effect induced by KPNB1. We confirmed reduction of KPNB1 protein levels in MJD by analyzing two MJD transgenic mouse models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from MJD patients. Our results reveal a yet undescribed regulatory function of KPNB1 in controlling the turnover of ataxin-3, thereby highlighting a new potential target of therapeutic value for MJD.
HIV cure strategies: which ones are appropriate for Africa?
Authors: Abana Christopher Zaab-Yen , Lamptey Helena , Bonney Evelyn Y. , Kyei George B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced mortality and improved lifespan for people living with HIV, it does not provide a cure. Patients must be on ART for the rest of their lives and contend with side effects, unsustainable costs, and the development of drug resistance. A cure for HIV is, therefore, warranted to avoid the limitations of the current therapy and restore full health. However, this cure is difficult to find due to the persistence of latently infected HIV cellular reservoirs during suppressive ART. Approaches to HIV cure being investigated include boosting the host immune system, genetic approaches to disable co-receptors and the viral genome, purging cells harboring latent HIV with latency-reversing latency agents (LRAs) (shock and kill), intensifying ART as a cure, preventing replication of latent proviruses (block and lock) and boosting T cell turnover to reduce HIV-1 reservoirs (rinse and replace). Since most people living with HIV are in Africa, methods being developed for a cure must be amenable to clinical trials and deployment on the continent. This review discusses the current approaches to HIV cure and comments on their appropriateness for Africa.
Comparison of aortic zones for endovascular bleeding control: age and sex differences
Authors: van der Burg Boke Linso Sjirk Borger , Vrancken Suzanne , van Dongen Thijs Theodorus Cornelis Fransiscus , Wamsteker Tom , Rasmussen Todd , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To gain insight into anatomical variations between sexes and different age groups in intraluminal distances and anatomical landmarks for correct insertion of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) without fluoroscopic confirmation.

Materials
All non-trauma patients receiving a computed tomography angiography (CT-A) scan of the aorta, iliac bifurcation and common femoral arteries from 2017 to 2019 were eligible for inclusion.

Methods
Central luminal line distances from the common femoral artery (CFA) to the aortic occlusion zones were measured and diameters of mid zone I, II and III were registered. Anatomical landmarks and correlations were assessed. A simulated REBOA placement was performed using the Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline (JTSCPG).

Results
In total, 250 patients were included. Central luminal line (CLL) measurements from mid CFA to aortic bifurcation (p = 0.000), CLL measurements from CFA to mid zone I, II and III (p = 0.000) and zone I length (p = 0.000) showed longer lengths in men. The length of zone I and III (p = 0.000), CLL distance measurements from the right CFA to mid zone I (p = 0.000) and II (p = 0.013) and aortic diameters measured at mid zone I, II and III increased in higher age groups (p = 0.000). Using the JTSCPG guideline, successful deployment occurred in 95/250 (38.0%) in zone III and 199/250 (79.6%) in zone I. Correlation between mid-sternum and zone I is 100%. Small volume aortic occlusion balloons (AOB) have poor occlusion rates in zone I (0–2.8%) and III (4.4–34.4%).

Conclusions
Men and older age groups have longer CLL distances to zone I and III and introduction depths of AOB must be adjusted. The risk of not landing in zone III with standard introduction depths is high and balloon position for zone III REBOA is preferably confirmed using fluoroscopy. Mid-sternum can be used as a landmark in all patient groups for zone I. In older patients, balloon catheters with larger inflation volumes must be considered for aortic occlusion.
The use of management controls in different cultural regions: an empirical study of Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and Nordic practices
Authors: Malmi Teemu , Bedford David S. , Brühl Rolf , Dergård Johan , Hoozée Sophie , Janschek Otto , Willert Jeanette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost cross-cultural studies on management control have compared Anglo-Saxon firms to Asian firms, leaving us with limited understanding of potential variations between developed Western societies. This study addresses differences and similarities in a wide variety of management control practices in Anglo-Saxon (Australia, English Canada), Germanic (Austria, non-Walloon Belgium, Germany) and Nordic firms (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden). Unique data is collected through structured interviews from 584 strategic business units (SBUs). We find that management control structures in Anglo-Saxon SBUs, relative to those from Germanic and Nordic regions, are more decentralized and participative and place greater emphasis on performance-based pay. Comparing Germanic SBUs to Nordic ones, we find Germanic SBUs to rely more on individual behaviour in performance evaluation, whereas Nordic SBUs rely more on quantitative measures and value alignment in employee selection. We also observe numerous similarities in MC practices between the three cultural regions. The implications of these findings for theory development are outlined.
The second closed geodesic, the fundamental group, and generic Finsler metrics
Authors: Rademacher Hans-Bert , Taimanov Iskander A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor compact manifolds with infinite fundamental group we present sufficient topological or metric conditions ensuring the existence of two geometrically distinct closed geodesics. We also extend results about generic Riemannian metrics to Finsler metrics. We show a bumpy metrics theorem for Finsler metrics and prove that a$$C^4$$C4-generic Finsler metric on a compact and simply-connected manifold carries infinitely many closed geodesics.
A Gauge-Invariant Unique Continuation Criterion for Waves in Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors: Chatzikaleas Athanasios , Shao Arick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe reconsider the unique continuation property for a general class of tensorial Klein–Gordon equations of the form$$\begin{aligned} \Box _{g} \phi + \sigma \phi = {\mathcal {G}}(\phi ,\nabla \phi ) \text {,} \qquad \sigma \in {\mathbb {R}} \end{aligned}$$□gϕ+σϕ=G(ϕ,∇ϕ),σ∈Ron a large class of asymptotically anti-de-Sitter spacetimes. In particular, we aim to generalize the previous results of Holzegel, McGill, and the second author (Holzegel and Shao in Commun Math Phys 347(3):723–775, 2016; Commun Partial Differ Equ 42(12):1871–1922, 2017; McGill and Shao in Class Quantum Gravity 38(5):054001, 2021) (which established the above-mentioned unique continuation property through novel Carleman estimates near the conformal boundary) in the following ways:We replace the so-callednull convexity criterion—the key geometric assumption on the conformal boundary needed in McGill and Shao (2021) to establish the unique continuation properties—by a more general criterion that is alsogauge invariant.Our new unique continuation property can be applied from a larger, more general class of domains on the conformal boundary.Similar to McGill and Shao (2021), we connect the failure of our generalized criterion to the existence of certain null geodesics near the conformal boundary. These geodesics are closely related to the classical Alinhac-Baouendi counterexamples to unique continuation (Alinhac and Baouendi in Math Z 220(4):561–568, 1995).Finally, our gauge-invariant criterion and Carleman estimate will constitute a key ingredient in proving unique continuation results for the full nonlinear Einstein-vacuum equations, which will be addressed in a forthcoming paper of Holzegel and the second author (Holzegel and Shao in Unique continuation for the Einstein equations in asymptotically anti-de sitter spacetimes (in preparation), 2022).
Self-Consistent Transfer Operators: Invariant Measures, Convergence to Equilibrium, Linear Response and Control of the Statistical Properties
Authors: Galatolo Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe a general approach to the theory of self consistent transfer operators. These operators have been introduced as tools for the study of the statistical properties of a large number of all to all interacting dynamical systems subjected to a mean field coupling. We consider a large class of self consistent transfer operators and prove general statements about existence of invariant measures, speed of convergence to equilibrium, statistical stability and linear response. While most of the results presented in the paper are valid in a weak coupling regime, the existence results for the invariant measures we show also hold outside the weak coupling regime. We apply the general statements to examples of different nature: coupled continuous maps, coupled expanding maps, coupled systems with additive noise, systems made of different maps coupled by a mean field interaction and other examples of self consistent transfer operators not coming from coupled maps. We also consider the problem of finding the optimal coupling between maps in order to change the statistical properties of the system in a prescribed way.
Characterising rectifiable metric spaces using tangent spaces
Authors: Bate David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterise rectifiable subsets of a complete metric space X in terms of local approximation, with respect to the Gromov–Hausdorff distance, by an n-dimensional Banach space. In fact, if $$E\subset X$$

E
⊂
X

with $${\mathcal {H}}^n(E)<\infty $$

H

n

(
E
)

<
∞

and has positive lower density almost everywhere, we prove that it is sufficient that, at almost every point and each sufficiently small scale, E is approximated by a bi-Lipschitz image of Euclidean space. We also introduce a generalisation of Preiss’s tangent measures that is suitable for the setting of arbitrary metric spaces and formulate our characterisation in terms of tangent measures. This definition is equivalent to that of Preiss when the ambient space is Euclidean, and equivalent to the measured Gromov–Hausdorff tangent space when the measure is doubling.
Prognostic factors and survival of patients with uterine sarcoma: a German unicenter analysis
Authors: Huss Alexandra , Klar Maximilian , Hasanov Mir Fuad , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Bossart Michaela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Uterine sarcoma (US) as a histologically heterogeneous group of tumors is rare and associated with poor prognosis. Prognostic factors based on systematic data collection need to be identified to optimize patients’ treatment.

Methods
This unicenter, retrospective cohort study includes 57 patients treated at the University Hospital Freiburg, Germany between 1999 and 2017. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and visualized in Kaplan–Meier curves. Prognostic factors were identified using log-rank test and Cox regression.

Results
44 Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 7 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), 4 high-grade ESS and 2 undifferentiated US patients were identified. The median age at time of diagnosis was 51.0 years (range 18–83). The median follow-up time was 35 months. PFS for the total cohort was 14.0 (95%-Confidence-Interval (CI) 9.7–18.3) and OS 36.0 months (95%-CI 22.1–49.9). Tumor pathology was prognostically significant for OS with LG-ESS being the most favorable (mean OS 150.3 months). In the multivariate analysis, patients over 52 years showed a four times higher risk for tumor recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 4.4; 95%-CI 1.5–12.9). Progesterone receptor negativity was associated with a two times higher risk for death (HR 2.8; 95%-CI 1.0–7.5). For LMS patients age ≥ 52 years (p = 0.04), clear surgical margins (p = 0.01), FIGO stage (p = 0.01) and no application of chemotherapy (p = 0.02) were statistically significant factors for OS.

Conclusion
Tumor histology, age at time of diagnosis and progesterone receptor status were prognostic factors for US. Unfavorable OS in LMS patients was associated with advanced FIGO stage, suboptimal cytoreduction and application of chemotherapy.
Quality of life and mental health in the locked-in-state—differences between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their next of kin
Authors: Aust Elisa , Linse Katharina , Graupner Sven-Thomas , Joos Markus , Liebscher Daniel , Grosskreutz Julian , Prudlo Johannes , Meyer Thomas , Günther René , Pannasch Sebastian , Hermann Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor both patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their next of kin (NOK), the maintenance of quality of life (QoL) and mental health is particularly important. First studies suggest significant discrepancies between QoL reports by patients and NOK, but little is known for advanced ALS stages. To address this issue, we screened 52 ALS patients in incomplete locked-in state (iLIS). Final results were obtained for 15 couples of iLIS patients and NOK. We assessed patients’ and NOK’s subjective QoL, depression and anxiety and NOK’s caregiver burden. Gaze controlled questionnaires allowed direct assessment of patients. Patients and NOK self-reported comparable, mostly moderate to high levels of QoL. Of note, NOK indicated stronger anxiety symptoms. Higher anxiety levels in NOK were associated with stronger caregiver burden and reduced QoL. No significant misjudgment of patient’s QoL by the NOK was evident, while patients overestimated NOK’s global QoL. However, NOK with severe caregiver burden and depression symptoms gave poorer estimations of patients’ QoL. This relationship is relevant, considering NOK’s impact on life critical treatment decisions. While the daily time NOK and patient spend together was positively correlated with NOK’s QoL and mental health, this was not reversely found for the patients. Our results suggest that NOK adapt less successfully to the disease and concomitant experience of loss and point to an urgent need for specialized psychosocial support. The findings emphasize the importance of direct psychological wellbeing assessment of both patients and NOK in clinical practice, enabled by eye-tracking technology for patients in iLIS.
Elitable GE-filters of bordered GE-algebras
Authors: Lee Jeong-Gon , Shaik Manzoor Kaleem , Bandaru Ravikumar , Jun Young Bae 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the notions of maximal GE-filter and prime GE-filter of a GE-algebra are introduced and the relation between them is given. Some characterizations of prime GE-filters of a transitive GE-algebra are given in terms of the GE-filter generated by a subset of a transitive GE-algebra. We generalized Stone’s theorem to transitive GE-algebras. The notion of elitable GE-filter of a bordered GE-algebra is introduced and investigated its properties. We observed that the class of all elitable GE-filters of a transitive bordered GE-algebra is a complete distributive lattice. Equivalent conditions for a GE-filter of a transitive bordered GE-algebra to be elitable GE-filter are given. We provided conditions for a subset of a transitive bordered GE-algebra to be elitable GE-filter.