bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Micro-Structured Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes for Enhanced Performance Using High-Throughput Ultrafast Laser Ablation
Authors: Tremolet de Villers Bertrand J. , Kern Dana , Dunlap Nathan A. , Usseglio-Viretta Francois L. E. , Weddle Peter J , Sunderlin Nathaniel , Major Joshua , Finegan Donal P. 
Published: November 2022

As the demand for electric vehicles continues to grow, secondary batteries with larger storage capacities, faster charging times, and lower manufacturing costs are desired. Current U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium cell-level targets for low-cost and fast charge lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) for electric vehicles include energy densities of >275 Wh/kg, cost less than $100/Wh, and charge to more than 80% capacity within 15 minutes.1 One way to increase capacity is to increase the thicknesses of the electrodes so that there is more active lithium-ion storage material in the cell; however, increasing electrode thickness is usually limited to less than approximately 150 µm due to problems with through-plane Li-ion diffusion. Too-thick electrodes exhibit poor rate performance and with Li plating problems that accelerate cell degradation at charging rates > 1C. Recently, we have demonstrated that laser-ablated micro-structures, such as pores or channels, in thick battery electrodes improves the performance of LiBs.2 Using advanced predictive modelling, we have explored the limitations of planar electrodes for fast charge performance and the importance of microscale features for improving ion-transport.3,4 The cell’s energy density and capacity retention is significantly improved by engineering the appropriate micro-structure geometry. Here, we will present some of the technical challenges of accomplishing the ultrafast laser ablation and provide examples of advanced characterization of the patterned electrodes to understand their effects on electrode performance. We will also describe methods to scale-up the laser processing to enable high-throughput roll-to-roll fabrication of micro-structured thick battery electrodes which requires fast and accurate steering of the emitted laser light. Our results provide an overview for translating the technology from the lab scale to industry-relevant manufacturing.
References:
1. https://uscar.org/download/246/energy-storage-system-goals/12840/low-cost-fast-charge-ev-goals.pdf
2. N. Dunlap, D. B. Sulas-Kern, P. J. Weddle, F. Usseglio-Viretta, P. Walker, P.l Todd, D. Boone, A. M. Colclasure, K. Smith, B. J. Tremolet de Villers, and Donal P. Finegan, J. Power Sources, (2022)
3. F. L. E. Usseglio-Viretta, W. Mai, A. M. Colclasure, M. Doeff, E. Yi, and K. Smith, Electrochim. Acta, 342 136034 (2020).
4. W. Mai, F. L. E. Usseglio-Viretta, A. M. Colclasure, and K. Smith, Electrochim. Acta, 341 136013 (2020).
Thermogravimetric Analysis - Mass Spectrometry: A Simple Method for the Measurement of Small Molecules Adsorbed to the Surface of Electrodes
Authors: Evans Kieran 
Published: November 2022

The presence of moisture on electrodes can have substantial effects on the overall performance of a lithium-ion battery. Several processes, including reactions with the conducting salt during operation can lead to this reduction in performance, as well as mechanical problems such as swelling.
Removing this moisture from electrodes is therefore an incredibly important aspect of the manufacturing process, as is having a method for the determination of moisture. Currently, Karl-Fisher methods are the most common techniques for the determination of water in electrode samples. However, there are several disadvantages to this method including the need to handle the sample before analysis, allowing for the introduction of more moisture into the sample.
Thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry, on the other hand, allows for analysis of these samples without the need of extensive preparation or chemical reagents.
An arguably more important aspect of TG-MS is that mass spectrometers have the capability of measuring a wide range of ion fragments, allowing for a range of different species to be analyzed with no significant changes in experimental parameters. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis provides information regarding the temperature at which species adsorb and desorb from the surface of the electrode.
This work aims to describe the use of thermogravimetric analysis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (TG-MS) for the analysis of water and carbon dioxide on both anode and cathode samples, exemplifying the vastly different adsorption/desorption behaviour that these materials can demonstrate.
(Digital Presentation) Effects of Sulfur Cathode Topography on Cycling of Practical Li–S Batteries
Authors: Shi Lili , Anderson Cassidy , Feng Shuo , Liu Jun , Xiao Jie , Lu Dongping 
Published: November 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high theoretical energy and low cost.[1-2] However, Li–S cells with practically high energy still suffer from a very limited cycle life with reasons which remain unclear.[3] Here, through cell study under practical conditions, we prove that an internal short circuit is a root cause of early cell failure and was ascribed to the crosstalk between the S cathode and Li anode. The cathode topography dictates S reactions through influencing the local resistance and electrolyte distribution, particularly under lean electrolyte conditions. The inhomogeneous reactions of S cathodes are easily mirrored by the Li anodes, resulting in exaggerated localized Li plating/stripping, Li filament formation and eventually cell internal short circuit. Manipulating cathode topography was proven effective to extend the cell cycle life under practical conditions. The findings of this work shed new light on the electrode design for extending cycle life of high-energy Li–S cells, which are also applicable for other rechargeable Li or metal batteries. Details of the progress will be discussed at the conference.
References
[1] X. L. Ji, K. T. Lee, L. F. Nazar, Nature Materials
2009,
8, 500-506.
[2] J. Xiao, Advanced Energy Materials
2015,
5.
[3] Y. L. Cao, M. Li, J. Lu, J. Liu, K. Amine, Nature Nanotechnology
2019,
14, 200-207.
Silicon Nanowires Grown on a Stainless Steel Fiber Cloth: A Flexible and Robust Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Imtiaz Sumair , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Storan Dylan , Kapuria Nilotpal , Geaney Hugh , .Kennedy Tadhg , Ryan Kevin 
Published: November 2022

Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) are a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity [1]. Achieving adequate mass loadings for binder-free Si NWs is restricted by low surface area, mechanically unstable and poorly conductive current collectors (CCs), as well as complicated/expensive fabrication routes [2][3]. Herein, a tunable mass loading and dense Si NW growth on a conductive, flexible, fire-resistant, and mechanically robust interwoven stainless-steel fiber cloth (SSFC) using a simple glassware setup is reported. The SSFC CC facilitates dense growth of Si NWs where its open structure allows a buffer space for expansion/contraction during Li-cycling. The Si NWs@SSFC anode displays a stable performance for 500 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of >99.5%. Galvanostatic cycling of the Si NWs@SSFC anode with a mass loading of 1.32 mg.cm−2 achieves a stable areal capacity of ≈2 mAh.cm−2 at 0.2 C after 200 cycles. Si NWs@SSFC anodes with different mass loadings are characterized before and after cycling by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine the effects of Li-cycling on the morphology. Notably, this approach allows the large-scale fabrication of robust and flexible binder-free Si NWs@SSFC architectures, making it viable for practical applications in high energy density LIBs.

Figure 1.

Areal capacity vs cycle number of Si NWs@SSFC with mass loadings 0.24 and 1.32mg.cm–2 at C/5

References

[1] Y. Jin, B. Zhu, Z. Lu, N. Liu, J. Zhu, Adv.
Energy Mater., 7 (2017), 1700715
[2] T. Kennedy, M. Brandon, K. M. Ryan, Adv.
Mater., 28(2016), 5696
[3] T. D. Bogart, D. Oka, X. Lu, M. Gu, C. Wang, B. A. Korgel, ACS Nano, 8(2014), 915

Figure 1
Enhanced Structural Stability and Capacity Retention of Ni-Rich LiNi0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2 Cathode Material By Dual Doping and Coating for Libs
Authors: Kim Hyun-Soo , Sattar Tahir , Sim Seong-Joo , Seo Myungsu , Jin Bong-Soo 
Published: November 2022

Nickel-rich layered cathode material has been received a lot of attention due to their superior cycle-ability, high energy density and improved safety. However, there are some issues which are needed to be resolved to ensure the long term application. The hostile attack of electrolyte with the charged cathode electrode results in the growth of thick solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the expense of Li+ consumption and increase in interfacial resistance. In addition, de/intercalation of Li+ leads to the continuous contraction and expansion of lattice structure that leads to the crack formation in the active material particles during extended cycling.
In this work, a facile technique has been adopted to resolve the mentioned problems. In this study, Li3BO3 has been coated on the NCM surface to protect the active material against the continuous attack of electrolyte and boron is doped to enhance the structural stability of LiNi0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2 NCM cathode material. The samples were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM and TEM and the electrochemical properties were measured by assembling the coin cells. The XRD results confirm the shifting of (003) diffraction peak towards low angle which validates the boron doping in the crystal structure. The presence of B1s is confirmed on the surface of modified NCM by XPS analysis. The FETEM images shows a uniform and distinct coating layer of 12 nm on the surface of 0.05 wt% coated NCM. The 0.05 wt% NCM samples offers the highest discharge capacity of 215.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1C and capacity retention of 81.6% at 0.5C (1C = 202 mA g-1) after 100 cycles. The reason behind enhanced cycling is the high bond dissociation energy of B−O (ΔHf298 = 402 kJ mol−1) than Ni–O (ΔHf298 = 391.6 kJ mol−1), Co–O (ΔHf298 = 368 kJ mol−1) and even Mn–O (ΔHf298 = 402 kJ mol−1). Even at 2C cycling, LBO-0.05 NCM sample demonstrated a capacity retention of 79.4% after 100 cycles while pristine shows only 67.3%. The modified samples displayed superior rate performance as compare to pristine NCM, especially at high current density. The cyclic voltammetry and EIS results are in-line with the cycling data. The presence of B3+ doping in host structure and Li3BO3 coating on the NCM surface results in the superior electrochemical performance of modified NCM.
MoS2—Carbon Materials Composite with Dual Phase of MoS2 and Their Application for Anode of Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Jang Kyuyeon , Lee Yeong A , Yoon Hana 
Published: November 2022

Carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, and CNT are mainly used as anode materials for LIBs because of their wide surface area and excellent stability in Lithium Ion Battery operation. However, graphite, which is mainly used as an anode material, has a very low theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. As high-capacity LIBs are increasingly needed like electric vehicles, many studies are being conducted to increase LIB capacity. For example, research on Si anode materials is attracting attention, and Si has a high theoretical capacity of ~4200 mAh/g. However, since there is a fatal disadvantage of volume expansion in cycle performance, stability can be a major defect in the driving condition of LIB.
Transition Metal Dichalgogenides (TMD) materials are attraction a lot of attention as various energy materials such as HER and ORR as well as LIB. Their structural characteristics, low price, and high capacity in terms of energy storage make them very attractive to study as a new anode material for LIB batteries. MoS2 belonging to the TMD material is known to have a theoretical capacity of 670 mAh/g. In particular, MoS2 has a single layer structure, and this single layer structure is coupled by weak van der walls force. These properties are very advantageous for exfoliating MoS2 to form a layer-by-layer form with other materials. MoS2 is known to have a typical 1T, 2H structure. However, MoS2, which exists in a stable phase, generally has a 2H structure and has semiconducting properties. Therefore, it is less conductive than graphene, which can be an obstacle to being used as an anode. MoS2 is known to have a typical 1T, 2H structure. However, MoS2, which exists in a stable phase, generally has a 2H structure and has semiconducting properties. Therefore, it is less conductive than graphene, which can be an obstacle to being used as an anode. 1T structure is known to have very good conductivity because it has conductive properties. Therefore, when used as an anode, it has many advantages in that it has conductivity, but since it is a metastable structure, it can be converted to 2H very easily, so it is not easy to maintain the structure.
In this study, the synthesis of MoS2 and graphene composites was performed in one pot using a chemical exfoliation method. In addition, it was possible to stably maintain the metastable 1T structure of MoS2 by using graphene as a support material through a post-treatment process in this process. The diffusion of Li+ was promoted by having a 1T structure with a wide interfacial spacing and high conductivity, and superior conductivity and high capacity were stably maintained compared to a composite having a 2H single phase. Through this, a stable and high-capacity anode material was realized using the high energy storage capacity of MoS2 and the stability of graphene.
Research for Electrochemical & Structural Properties of Recycling Cathode Materials for End of Life Lib
Authors: Park Sangho 
Published: November 2022

Demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased dramatically over the years due to the rapid market expansion of electric vehicles. However, many of the essential components of cathode materials, such as cobalt, nickel, manganese and lithium, are resource-limited and expensive[1]. Therefore, recycling of used LIB cathode materials is very important to conserve resources and the environment. Currently, the lithium secondary battery recycling technology mainly uses wet and dry smelting, but there is a disadvantage of high energy consumption due to the use of strong acid and the smelting process[2-3].
In this study, the cathode active material was separated from a pouch-type lithium secondary battery separated from a portable tablet that was over 10 years old and the chemical, structural, and electrochemical characteristics thereof were investigated. The cathode active materials were dismantled from a pouch-type LIB, which was removed from the tablet produced in 2011. The pouch cell was in a swelling state and the OCV was 0V due to internal short is expected. As a result of TGA analysis, the electrode composition was confirmed to be 92wt% of the cathode active material, 3wt% of the conductive agent, and 3wt% of the binder, respectively. The recovery rate of the active material is the best when a mixed solvent including NMP, heating, and ultrasonic, respectively. Through SEM and EDS analysis, copper metal due to dissolution of the negative electrode current collector was found on the surface of the positive electrode. As shown in Fig. 1, It can be seen that the positive electrode active material recovered using the composite solvent is a positive electrode active material that is a mixture of NCM active material and LMO active material. The XRD results shows a well layered structure and a Co3O4 phase due to lithium deficiency. In order to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the recovered electrode, it was reassembled into a 2032 coin type cell and evaluated, and the discharge capacity of approximately 150mAh/g was recovered as shown in Fig. 2. The positive active material recovered according to the experimental results is estimated to be in a state of insufficient lithium, and a lithium compensation process is planned to be additionally performed in the future.
Data-Driven Direct Diagnosis of PV Connected Batteries
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Costa Nahuel , Matthews Dax 
Published: November 2022

Photovoltaic systems are providing a growing share of power to the electric grid worldwide. As more and more of these systems are tied with battery energy storage to balance their intermittency, being able to ensure long and safe operation of these batteries will become critical. Because of their sporadic usage, far from the typical constant current or constant power, diagnosability without having to perform lengthy maintenance cycles will be a key factor to accelerate deployment.
This work proposes a new methodology to enable the training of machine learning algorithms so they could be applied directly to photovoltaic (PV) battery charging data for opportunistic diagnosis. This is done by training the algorithms on synthetic voltage data under different degradations calculated from clear-sky model irradiance data. Validation was performed on synthetic voltage responses calculated from plane of array irradiance observations for a PV system located in Maui, HI, USA.
Herein, we will present the result of our proof-of-concept study where we investigated the diagnosability of the voltage response of PV charged batteries under 18 different cloud coverages scenarios and for more than 10,000 different degradations. We also evaluated the effect of training conditions on clear-sky irradiance data by analyzing the resulting differences from training on 700,000 different voltage curves for a single day vs. 45,000 different voltage curves for of each of the 18 days used for cloud coverage estimation. In addition, we considered and quantified the effect of cell-to-cell variations. Training was performed on five state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for battery diagnosis which included decision tree ensemble methods and neural networks. Finally, because the diagnosis was done outside of constant current, the capacity- and time-based information were decorrelated and compared. While time-base diagnosis is the most interesting for deployed systems, it was shown to be less accurate than its capacity counterpart for the tested algorithms. Yet, the accuracy of the diagnosis is still satisfactory for days where cloud effect is limited (average RMSE of 2.5% compared to 1.3% for capacity based if 50% or more clear skies).
Summarizing, we will show that the degradation of PV-connected batteries could be diagnosed opportunistically without the need for maintenance cycles using well-trained state-of-art machine learning algorithms. Calculated RMSEs were below 2% for days with 50% or more clear skies considering more than 10,000 different degradation paths with 25% or less of the three thermodynamic degradation modes. In addition to the results themselves, and before real PV battery degradation data becomes available, this work is showing the significant benefits of using synthetic data to understand the expected variations and to start preparing adapted tools for when data become available.
Operando Quantification of Solution Li+ in Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Dawkins Jeremy , Danis Andrew , Beaulieu Isabelle , Chhin Danny , Mirolo Marta , Martens Isaac , Schougaard Steen , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: November 2022

What if you could see inside a Li-ion battery while you operate it? This is the concept behind “operando” methodologies which allow researchers to experimentally observe fundamental processes that occur within batteries during charge and discharge.
Our team recently developed a new methodology employing synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction simultaneously. This method provides crucial information about mass transport limitations in both the solid and solution phase of Li-ion batteries which was previously unavailable. This new method can 1) validate the predictive power of established P2D battery models, 2) conclusively quantify complex transport mechanisms in structured electrodes and 3) fundamentally change the approach to the rational design of new electrode architectures.
DFT Studies of Catalytic Activity of Rutile Typed Metal Oxide (110) Surface in Sodium-Air Batteries
Authors: Ngoepe Phuti Esrom , Ngobeni Peter , Maenetja Khomotso Portia 
Published: November 2022

Metal-air batteries, such as Li-air, have been extensively studied owing to their high theoretical energy density, which is up to three times that of the conventional to Li-ion batteries and interest in Na-air is now emerging [1,2, 3]. The current study is providing a better understanding of the catalytic activity of rutile typed MO2 (MnO2, TiO2 and VO2) for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions in Na-air batteries, using density functional methods. When oxygen is adsorbed at the Na/MO2 (110) surface different clusters, such as superoxide, peroxo on Na/M, and dissociated configurations are formed. Our current study has demonstrated that MnO2, as a catalyst, promotes nucleation and growth of both Na2O and Na2O2. On the contrary, other metal oxides such as TiO2 and VO2 do not depict this catalytic effect towards the formation of discharge products in Na-O2 batteries. Furthermore, it can be deduced from our calculated electronic properties, in the form of an intercept of the density of states (DOS) by the Fermi level, that Mn catalyzed configurations are more stable than those based on Ti and V. It can therefore be surmised that the MnO2 catalyst supports the formation of NaO2 which is the most stable discharge product in Na-air batteries. Furthermore, the surface NaO2 appears to have bond lengths comparable to those of the bulk and monomer NaO2.

References:

[1] M. Park, H. Sun, H. Lee, J. Lee and J. Cho, Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 780.
[2] K.P. Maenetja, P.E. Ngoepe, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168, 070556
[3] Y. Kang, Y. Mo, S. P. Ong and G. Ceder, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 101