bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal Electric Field Thresholds for Cerebral Cells With Irreversible Electroporation and H-FIRE Protocols: An In Vitro Three-Dimensional Cell Model Study
Authors: Shu Ting , Ding Lujia , Fang Zheng , Yu Shuangquan , Chen Lingchao , Moser Michael A. J. , Zhang Wenjun , Qin Zhiyong , Zhang Bing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lethal electric field (LEF) thresholds for three typical cerebral cells, including a malignant glioblastoma (GBM) cell line and two cell lines from the healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB), treated by irreversible electroporation (IRE) or high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) protocols were investigated in an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell model. A conventional IRE protocol (90 pulses, 1 Hz, and 100-μs pulse duration) and three novel H-FIRE protocols (1–3–1, 0.5–1–0.5, and 1–1–1) were used to treat the cerebral cells in both 3D single-cell and two-cell models. The electrical conductivity of the 3D cell model under different electric field strengths were characterized with the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on EIS, a numerical electrothermal model of electroporation was built for the determination of the LEF threshold with different protocols and temperature monitoring. Cell viability was assessed by fluorescence staining 6 h after the treatment. The results showed no thermal lethal effect on cells when these protocols were used. The LEF threshold for GBM cells was significantly lower than that of the healthy BBB cells. These results suggest the possibility of selective ablation of human cerebral GBM by IRE and H-FIRE treatments with no injury or reversible injury to healthy cells, and the potential use of IRE or H-FIRE for transient disruption of the BBB to allow chemotherapy to reach the tumor.
Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines and the Interim Storage of Their Reactor Compartments
Authors: Leite Maia Yran , Ferreira Frutuoso e Melo Paulo Fernando , Quintela de Linhares Tuxaua , Estanqueira Pinho Bruno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
At the end of the nuclear-powered submarines (NS) operational life, they have to be defueled, decommissioned, and their nuclear reactors have to be safely disposed of. Their specific decommissioning process may be adapted to suit the needs of the decommissioning and storage process of small modular reactors (SMR) and reactors installed in floating devices. This paper addresses: 1—the decommissioning of NS, 2—the safe interim storage of their reactor compartments (RC), and 3—proposes a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for the RC interim storage facility site selection process, all focused on the Brazilian case. This approach is based on the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
On the Long-Term Performance of Solitary Wave-Based Transducers for Nondestructive Evaluation Applications
Authors: Jalali Hoda , Rizzo Piervincenzo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) has been developed recently by a few groups worldwide. The technique is based on the propagation and detection of these waves along a one-dimensional monoperiodic array of spherical particles in which one end of the array is in contact with the material/structure to be inspected, and the particle at the opposite end induces the waves by means of a mechanical impact. Several studies have demonstrated that the dynamic interaction between the waves and the element to be evaluated is dependent on the geometric and mechanical properties of the structure, and such dependency can be monitored by sensing the waves reflected at the interface between the array and the structure. This NDE technique is typically performed by using the so-called HNSW transducer. The term transducer indicates a portable device that consists of a monoperiodic array of particles, a device to trigger the waves, and a sensing element to detect the waves. In the study presented in this article, the long-term performance of three transducers was investigated by placing them above a test object whose mechanical and geometric properties were left constant for a week while the transducers triggered and detected thousands of waves. Any variability of the waves was quantified by extracting simple features such as amplitude, time of flight, and cross-correlation. To investigate the cause of variabilities, 16 measurements were captured with short videos at ∼1000 fps. The results of the study demonstrate that the traveling time of the solitary waves is the most reliable parameter for long-term monitoring with the lowest variability and the least susceptibility to physical changes within the array. In addition, the findings of this study allow the framing of a valid strategy to improve the design of the transducers in order to make the HNSW-based technique suitable for long-term monitoring.
Sociocultural Influences on Exercise Behaviors and Attitudes in Adolescence
Authors: Reynolds Kalli A. , Haycraft Emma , Plateau Carolyn R. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Research to date has identified a relationship between exercise in adolescence and 4 sociocultural influences: peers, family, media, and technology. Less is known, however, about the role that these sociocultural influences play in driving adolescents’ exercise behaviors and attitudes, particularly social media and fitness tracking technology use. This study aimed to investigate how and why sociocultural factors are linked to exercise behaviors and attitudes in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: Eight focus groups were conducted in UK secondary schools with fifty-five 12- to 16-year-old adolescents (M = 14.11; SD = 1.49; n = 27 females). Following transcription and thematic analysis, 2 key themes were identified: (1) exercise pressures and (2) modeling exercise behaviors and attitudes. Results: Exercise pressures were reported to stem from parental and peer expectations around exercise, and from feeling pressure to meet externally prescribed fitness tracking technology goals. Adolescents also reported modeling the exercise behaviors of their parents or peers for social affiliation and as a means to achieve socially endorsed “ideal” body types. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for exercise interventions to consider the importance of exercise-related messages from others and tendencies toward conformity as a result of sociocultural expectations around exercise in adolescents.
Digging deeper in human history: The role of mining natural resources in Big History
Authors: Bos* Jesse E. , Metallo* Paula 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper is focused on the “paths of human history” in relation to the geological occurrence patterns of the following natural resources: stone, copper, tin, iron, gold, and coal. The abundant occurrence of flint in the Near East has influenced toolmaking and maybe the moment when early men discovered how to control fire. The scarcity of tin stimulated an early long distance trade during the Bronze Age. The abundant occurrence of iron, on the other hand, offered tools for everyday agriculture and “democratized” weaponry. The scarcity of gold, plus its durability, made it perfect for money, and therefore mining of gold strongly influenced economic history. The use of coal revolutionized the use of energy and industrialization. From making knives to controlling fire, from developing world trade to stimulating agriculture and war, from creating a global economy to increasing, as well as highlighting, the great differences between haves and have nots, from forming societies to destroying environments, the role of ores and their occurrences were essential.
Supplemental Material: Origin of low Mg# hawaiites carrying peridotite xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, California, USA: Evidence of rapid magma mixing during ascent along intersecting fractures
Authors: Brehm Sarah K. , Lange R.A. 
Published: April 2022

<p>Figure S1: Geologic maps of (a) Marl Mountain Quadrangle presented by Wilshire et al. (2002b) and (b). Figure S2: Peridotite mantle xenoliths found in Cima-4a and −4b, and DH-1. Figure S3: Histogram of Fo mol% ( = XMgO/(XMgO + XFeO) × 100) for Cima-4a. Figure S4: Representative BSE images of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from each textural category including (1) non-spongy/non-vermicular (2) spongy/vermicular and (3) oscillatory/sector-zoned. Figure S5: Histograms of clinopyroxene Mg# for five Cima hawaiites. Figure S6: Plots of Na2O, TiO2, and Cr2O3 (wt%) versus Mg# from analyzed clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Figure S7: Histograms of anorthite content (An mol% = XCaO/XCaO + XNa2O + XK2O) × 100) for three Cima basalts. Table S1: Standards employed for electron microprobe analyses of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and Fe-Ti oxides. Table S2: Analyzed trace-element concentrations for all Cima samples. Table S3: Olivine phenocryst analyses for all Cima and Dish Hill samples. Table S4: (A) Clinopyroxene analyses for five Cima hawaiites. (B) Composition of the most Mg-rich clinopyroxene phenocryst. Table S5: (A) Microprobe analyses of ilmenite and titanomagnetite from six Cima hawaiites. (B) Fe-Ti oxide thermometry and oxybarometry (Ghiorso and Evans, 2008) results for all possible pairs of ilmenite and titanomagnetite. (C) Composition (wt%) of onset ilmenite and titanomagnetite pair that pass the Bacon and Hirschmann (1988) test for equilibrium. Table S6: (A) Plagioclase phenocryst analyses for three Cima hawaiites. (B) Analysis of most calcic plagioclase phenocryst. Table S7: Olivine-melt thermometry applied to all Cima and Dish Hill samples. </p>
About apparent superluminal drives in generic gravity theories
Authors: Morales Juliana Osorio , Santillán Osvaldo P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs is well known, there exists warp drives in GR, such as the Alcubierre bubbles, which achieve an apparent faster than light travel (Alcubierre in Class Quantum Gravity 11:L73, 1994). A result due to Gao and Wald (Class Quantum Gravity 17:4999, 2000) suggests that such a travel is unlikely for GR with matter satisfying both the Null Energy and the Null Generic Conditions. There exists a generalization of this statement due to Galloway, that ensures that the Gao–Wald result is true regardless the underlying gravity model, unless there exists at least one inextendible null geodesic with achronal image in the space time (a null line). The proof of this proposition is based on techniques of causal theories, and has never been released. In the present work an independent proof of this result is presented by use of the Raychaudhuri equation, and avoiding several technical complications described along the text. Some consequences of these affirmations are discussed at last section, in particular their potential use in problems of causality.
f(T,Θ) gravity and generalized gravitational baryogenesis
Authors: Rani Shamaila , Azhar Nadeem , Jawad Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Where is the anti-matter in our universe? This is the most significant open problem of the modern era. This paper is devoted to the study of cosmological impact of gravitational baryogenesis and its generalized case driven by [Davoudiasl et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 201301 (2004)]. In this class of baryogenesis, the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] is derivatively coupled to the baryon current [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]. We examine the imbalance of baryon and anti-baryon of the universe in the context of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the torsion scalar and the trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively. We assume two [Formula: see text] models in which the first one contains the sum of second-order torsion tensors and the trace of energy–momentum tensor while the second one is the product of these terms. For all cases, we find the ratio of baryon number to entropy by considering the power-law scale factor. Finally, we compare our results with the observational value of baryon-number-density-to-entropy ratio. The baryon-to-entropy ratio against the first model lies in the range [Formula: see text] while for the second model it contains [Formula: see text]. For generalized case of gravitational baryogenesis, we also obtain results that are compatible with the observation limit.
Automorphisms of simple quotients of the Poisson and universal enveloping algebras of sl2
Authors: Naurazbekova Altyngul , Umirbaev Ualbai 
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be the Poisson enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra [Formula: see text] over an algebraically closed field [Formula: see text] of characteristic zero. The quotient algebras [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the standard Casimir element of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are proven to be simple in [U. Umirbaev and V. Zhelyabin, A Dixmier theorem for Poisson enveloping algebras, J. Algebra 568 (2021) 576–600]. Using a result by Makar–Limanov [22], we describe generators of the automorphism group of [Formula: see text] and represent this group as an amalgamated product of its subgroups. Moreover, using similar results by Dixmier [Quotients simples de l’algebre enveloppante de [Formula: see text], J. Algebra 24 (1973) 551–564] and O. Fleury [Sur les sous-groupes finis de [Formula: see text] et [Formula: see text], J. Algebra 200 (1998) 404–427] for the quotient algebras [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the standard Casimir element of [Formula: see text] in the universal enveloping algebra [Formula: see text], we prove that the automorphism groups of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic.
Dorsal Trans-Scaphoid Perilunate Fracture-Dislocation in Association with Dorsal Dislocation of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint: A Rare Injury Pattern
Authors: KUMAKI Daiki , YAMAZAKI Hiroshi , HAYASHI Masanori 
Published: April 2022

We report a dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation associated with dorsal dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint in a 25-year-old man. This is a rare injury and we discuss a possible mechanism for the injury. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Multiscale Fracturing in Medium- to Low-Rank Coals and Its Implications on Coalbed Methane Production in the Baode Area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Baoshan , Zhang Qingfeng , Zhang Jikun , Li Ziling , Sun Xiaoguang , Yan Mingming 
Published: April 2022

Coal fractures are crucial in affecting the production of methane from coal. Multiscale fracturing and its implications on coalbed methane production have still not been fully understood. Herein, we present a case study, combining underground coal mine surveying and specimen, thin section, and scanning electron microscope observations for illustrating the ~m-, ~cm-, ~mm-, and ~μm-scale fractures present in the Baode area, eastern Ordos Basin, China. Then, the fracture connectivity is evaluated by helium permeability and mercury porosimetry measurement. The coals are mainly of semibright, semidull, and dull macrolithotypes. And main maceral composition is vitrinite, accounting for 73%~95%, with around 26% inertinite. The coals are ultralow-ash and low-ash content, belonging to high-volatile bituminous coal. The ~m scale fractures can penetrate the whole coal seams, dominant by S-N and following E-W direction, which were generated during the Yanshanian and Himalayan movements. The ~cm fractures are generally parallel to the lamina, influenced by the bright and dull coal band extension caused by the depositional differences. The ~mm fractures are mainly shown as endogenous fractures perpendicular to the lamina restricted within bright macrolithotypes. There are also ~mm fractures that are perpendicular to the lamina while penetrating dull components and fractures parallel to the lamina. The ~μm fractures are widely distributed and connect each other. Some of the fractures are filled with carbonate and clay minerals and are beneficial for methane migration, caused by hydraulic fracturing. The average mercury withdrawal efficiency of the coals was 75%. The helium permeability of the coals was between

10
×

10

−
3

and

50
×

10

−
3

μm2, indicating good fracture connectivity. The study findings, which indicated the presence of fractures of different scales in the coals studied, can be used for fully understanding the coalbed methane performance of medium- and low-rank coals.
Transcriptional Evaluation of the Ductus Arteriosus at the Single-Cell Level Uncovers a Requirement for Vim (Vimentin) for Complete Closure
Authors: Salvador Jocelynda , Hernandez Gloria E. , Ma Feiyang , Abrahamson Cyrus W. , Pellegrini Matteo , Goldman Robert , Ridge Karen M. , Iruela-Arispe M. Luisa 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Failure to close the ductus arteriosus, patent ductus arteriosus, accounts for 10% of all congenital heart defects. Despite significant advances in patent ductus arteriosus management, including pharmacological treatment targeting the prostaglandin pathway, a proportion of patients fail to respond and must undergo surgical intervention. Thus, further refinement of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern vascular remodeling of this vessel is required.

Methods:
We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of the ductus arteriosus in mouse embryos at E18.5 (embryonic day 18.5), and P0.5 (postnatal day 0.5), and P5 to identify transcriptional alterations that might be associated with remodeling. We further confirmed our findings using transgenic mouse models coupled with immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results:
The intermediate filament vimentin emerged as a candidate that might contribute to closure of the ductus arteriosus. Indeed, mice with genetic deletion of vimentin fail to complete vascular remodeling of the ductus arteriosus. To seek mechanisms, we turned to the RNA-sequencing data that indicated changes in Jagged1 with similar profile to vimentin and pointed to potential links with Notch. In fact, Notch3 signaling was impaired in vimentin null mice and vimentin null mice phenocopies patent ductus arteriosus in Jagged1 endothelial and smooth muscle deleted mice.

Conclusions:
Through single-cell RNA-sequencing and by tracking closure of the ductus arteriosus in mice, we uncovered the unexpected contribution of vimentin in driving complete closure of the ductus arteriosus through a mechanism that includes deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway.
Blockade of TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta) Signaling by Deletion of
Tgfbr2
in Smooth Muscle Cells of 11-Month-Old Mice Alters Aortic Structure and Causes Vasomotor Dysfunction—Brief Report
Authors: Lee Chloe Y. , Angelov Stoyan N. , Zhu Jay , Bi Lianxiang , Sanford Nicole , Alp Yildirim Ilkay , Dichek David A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To test the hypothesis that smooth muscle cell (SMC) TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling contributes to maintenance of aortic structure and function beyond the early postnatal period.

Methods:

We deleted the TBR2 (type 2 TGF-β receptor) in SMC of 11-month-old mice (genotype
Acta2
-CreER
T2+/0
Tgfbr2
f/f
, termed TBR2
SMΔ
) and compared their ascending aorta structure and vasomotor function to controls (
Acta2
-CreER
T20/0
Tgfbr2
f/f
, termed TBR2
f/f
).

Results:

We confirmed loss of aortic SMC TBR2 by immunoblotting. Four weeks after SMC TBR2 loss, TBR2
SMΔ
mice did not have aortic rupture, ulceration, dissection, dilation, or evidence of medial hemorrhage. However, aortic medial area of TBR2
SMΔ
mice was increased by 27% (0.14±0.01 versus 0.11±0.01 mm
2
;
P
=0.01) and medial thickness was increased by 23% (40±1.9 versus 33±1.3 μm;
P
=0.004) compared with littermate controls. Wire myography performed on ascending aortic rings showed hypercontractility of TBR2
SMΔ
aortas to phenylephrine (E
max
, 15.9±1.2 versus 10.8±0.7 mN;
P
=0.0003) and reduced relaxation and sensitivity to acetylcholine (E
max
, 64±14% versus 96±2%;
P
=0.001; −logEC
50
, 6.9±0.1 versus 7.7±0.1;
P
=0.0001). Neither maximal relaxation nor sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside differed (E
max
, 102±0.3% versus 101±0.3%; −logEC
50
, 8.0±0.04 versus 7.9±0.08;
P
>0.4 for both).

Conclusions:
Loss of TGF-β signaling in aortic SMC of 1-year-old mice does not cause early severe aortopathy or death; however, it causes mild structural and substantial physiological abnormalities. SMC TGF-β signaling plays an important role in maintaining aortic homeostasis in older mice. This role should be considered in the design of clinical studies that aim to prevent aortopathy by blocking SMC TGF-β signaling.
Paul, Cochlear Implantation, and Biblical Interpretation: Expanding the Scope of Disability Hermeneutics
Authors: Carr Frederick David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent research on disability and the Bible has made distinctive contributions to the field of biblical studies. Most work in this area focuses on representations of disability in the Bible, biblical language related to disability, or biblical themes that can be used for theologies of disability. This article proposes that scholars broaden the scope of this research by drawing on a disability consciousness to interpret texts that do not ostensibly discuss disability or disability-related themes. As a case study, this essay examines Philippians 3:2–11 in light of contemporary debates about cochlear implantation, and it argues that discourse about cochlear implants can inform debates about the ethno-religious identities of Paul and the Philippians. In so doing, the interpretive exercise supports the larger, hermeneutical thesis that a disability consciousness can yield insights into biblical passages—and related scholarly interests—that do not explicitly concern disability or themes commonly related to disability.
From Vertical to Horizontal
Authors: Lim Young-ae 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Seokguram Grotto is a structure unparalleled throughout East Asia. The round main chamber in particular is unique to Seokguram and without equal in Korea or China. Researchers thus far have attributed the design for Seokguram to foreign influences. However, the source of inspiration is more likely domestic, an adaptation of the Silla tunnel-type stone-chamber tombs of the seventh and eighth centuries. By rearranging the rectangular and circular components of the tunnel-type tombs from a vertical to horizontal layout, the structure of Seokguram gained structural stability and increased space for the accommodation of various sculptures of Buddhist figures. The resulting layout of Seokguram is a symbolic representation of the earthly or secular realm, the world of Buddha, and the transitional space in between.
Seeking Zion
Authors: Katzir Lindsay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article looks at Grace Aguilar (1816–1847), a well-known Anglo-Jewish author, as a religious Zionist, and it analyzes Aguilar’s work in order to challenge three scholarly assumptions about the history of Zionism: first, that British Jews have never genuinely supported Zionism; second, that Zionism did not exist before Theodor Herzl, the founder of political Zionism; and third, that Jewish women rarely voiced Zionist ideas before the establishment of the State of Israel. Aguilar, an Anglo-Jewish woman writer who published during the mid-Victorian period, espoused orthodox views about the Jews’ restoration to Palestine. Aguilar’s belief in the biblical precept of Jewish nationhood was a precursor to the thought of later Zionists such as Herzl, as well as the convictions of religious Zionists such as Rav Kook. Her religious nationalism provides an important counterpoint to scholarly claims that Victorian Jews identified only as British, as no different than their Christian neighbors. Instead, Aguilar characterizes the Jews as a nation apart, a people bound together by an ancient religion with roots and a future in Palestine.