bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Study on a Transparent Two-Phase Blood Model Fluid Based on Alginate Microspheres
Authors: Froese Vera , Gabel Grischa , Parnell Julia , Prause Albert , Lommel Michael , Kertzscher Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The reduction of blood damage is still a big challenge in blood-carrying medical devices. In-vitro experiments are performed to investigate the damage-causing effects, but due to the opaqueness of blood cells, only near-wall flows can be observed. Thus, several transparent blood models to visualize the rheologic behavior of blood have been proposed and examined. Nevertheless, two-phase blood models with added particles still represent the properties of blood inadequately or are very expensive and complex to produce. In this in-vitro study, the viscosity, the flow behavior and the cell deformation of human red blood cells (RBCs) have been compared to a novel, easy-to-produce, two-phase blood model fluid with deformable alginate microspheres. The comparison has been performed in a cone-plate rheometer, a straight and a hyperbolic converging microchannel. The viscosity of the blood model fluid with a particle fraction of 30 % showed a shear-thinning behavior, comparable to that of blood at room and human body temperature within shear rates from 7 s-1 to 2000 s-1. The alginate microspheres were deformable in an extensional flow and formed a cell free layer (CFL) comparable to that of blood in a straight microchannel. The experiments showed a good optical accessibility of the two-phase flow with traceable movements of individual microspheres in the center of the microchannel. It could be shown that our proposed blood model fluid is a promising tool for the analysis of two-phase flows in complex flow geometries.
Royal jelly maintains epidermal stem cell properties by repressing senescence
Authors: Moriyama Mariko , Miyake Yuko , Degawa Tomomi , Okumura Nobuaki , Moriyama Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ), a natural product secreted by honeybees, is used in various topical products for skincare and aids in maintaining cutaneous homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of RJ on the skin has not yet been fully explored. Our previous data indicated that the epidermal equivalents become thicker and contain more p63-expressing proliferative cells after the addition of RJ to the medium. Therefore, we examined the effect of RJ on the proliferative ability of human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEKs) in a two-dimensional culture here. We observed only a slight increase in the proliferation of cells with the addition of RJ, suggesting that it is not actively involved in the proliferation of HPEKs. However, population doubling was enhanced in the RJ-treated group in the long-term culture experiment, indicating that RJ inhibits senescence. Additionally, RJ suppressed cellular senescence by regulating the expression levels of ΔNp63, p16, and p21. These results were further confirmed by the presence of major fatty acids, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, in RJ. Overall, our data indicate that RJ can maintain epidermal stem cell properties by repressing senescence.
A web-based decision support system for assessing water productivity of major crops in Iran under different climatic conditions
Authors: Majid Vazifedoust , Mokhtari Ali , Barikani Elham , Palouj Mojtaba , Afrooz Ramezanali Zabihi , Keshavarz Mohammadreza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Knowledge on Water productivity (WP) of strategic crops, nationwide, will result in optimizing the consumption of agricultural water, proper cropping pattern and more financial benefits. In this study, a national web-based simulation portal was developed to evaluate the maximum achievable WP on a national scale. The National Water Portal (NWP) was consisting of four national databases (climatic, soil, crop and spatial data), a lump water balance model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to support computing the irrigation water requirements and evaluate the WP indicators at farm to national scale on the network. WP indicators defined as yield per crop evapotranspiration (WPETc), yield per net irrigation requirement (WPNIR), and the financial benefit per consumed water (WPEco) was calculated for the dominant strategic crop consist of winter wheat, barley, rice, maize, sugar beet and sugarcane. Net irrigation requirement was estimated using a lamp water balance model based on the dual crop coefficient approach presented by FAO 56. The results indicated that winter wheat and barley with NIR of 258 to 4235 m3 ha− 1 has the highest WPEco among the studied crops and rice with NIR of 4495 to 8907 m3 ha− 1 stands in the next category. WPEco for maize and forage maize (3747 to 7083 m3 ha− 1) was higher than WPEco for sugarcane and sugar beet. Sugar cane with NIR of 18318 m3 ha− 1 had distinguishably lower WPEco value among the studied crops because of its long growing season. The results suggested sugar cane to be replaced by with sugar beet (NIR from 5100 to 11896 m3 ha− 1) with 4 times higher WPEco.
Clinical Comparison of Surgical Treatment and Complications in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastoma at Stage 4
Authors: Wang Jun , Dong Jun , Ding Jing , Deng Yongji , Zhou Jianfeng , Xi Yanli , Ma Geng , Ge Zheng , Lu Rugang , Wang Lixia , Zhu Haobo , Zhu Xiaojiang , Guo Yunfei , Chen Chenjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical methods and complications in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma (NB) at International neuroblastoma staging system (INSS) stage 4 in the adrenal site.METHODS: Thirty-four patients, 21 males and 13 females, with NB at INSS stage 4 underwent radical surgery (RS) from May 2018 to May 2021, and were retrospectively included. Patients were divided into three groups, namely RS group (group A), tumor biopsy + chemotherapy + RS group (group B), and bone marrow biopsy + chemotherapy + RS group (group C) depending on the particular treatment protocol. The total survival rate, factors related to surgical resection, and surgical complications in each group were analyzed.Results: 5 cases were enrolled in group A, 9 cases in group B, and 20 cases in group C. The number of Encasement of Vessels (EVS) was higher in the (CR+MR) group compared to the IR group (P=0.039). The operative time was shorter when EVS was present (P=0.022). RS complications mainly included bleeding (73.5%), celiac leakage (70.6%) and intestinal obstruction (26.5%). A total of 29 cases (85.3%) were graded by CDC as grade II, 2 cases as grade IIIa, 1 case as grade IIIb, 1 case as grade IVa and 1 case as grade IVb.By comparing patients who developed grade II and grade III complications or higher, it was observed that neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (P<0.0001), primary EVS (P<0.0001), RS preoperative EVS (P<0.0001), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P=0.005), Ki67 (P=0.012), primary tumor maximum diameter (P=0.018), primary IDRFs (P=0.022), and preoperative IDRFs for RS (P=0.043) were statistically different.CONCLUSION: In this study, it is concluded that pre-operative biopsy in patients with NB at INSS stage 4 located in the adrenal glands allows for a clear diagnosis, and that subsequent RS does not increase the risk of surgical complications. Moreover, EVS is proved an important factor for surgical resection and surgical complications.
Cardiac MRI Derived Inferior Vena Cava Cross-Sectional Area Correlates with Measures of Fontan Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Gunsaulus Megan , Wang Li , Haack Lindsey , Christopher Adam , Feingold Brian , Squires James , Horslen Simon , Hoskoppal Arvind , Rose-Felker Kirsten , West Shawn , Trucco Sara , Squires Judy , Olivieri Laura , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Goldstein Bryan , Alsaied Tarek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
There is currently no clear consensus on screening techniques to evaluate the presence or severity of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). Cardiac MRI (CMR) is used routinely for post-Fontan surveillance, but CMR-derived measures that relate to the severity of FALD are not yet defined.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional single-center study of post-Fontan patients who underwent a CMR. CMR exams were re-analyzed by a single pediatric cardiologist. Surrogates of FALD included Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Fibrosis-4 laboratory score (FIB-4), and imaging findings. Findings consistent with cirrhosis on liver ultrasound included increased liver echogenicity and/or nodularity. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate potential relationships between CMR parameters and markers of FALD.
Results
Sixty-one patients were included. A larger inferior vena cava cross-sectional area (IVC-CSA) indexed to height was significantly associated with a higher FIB-4 score (Spearman’s ρ = 0.28, P = 0.04), a higher GGT level (Spearman’s ρ = 0.40, p = 0.02), and findings consistent with cirrhosis on liver ultrasound (OR 1.17, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.35), p = 0.04). None of the other CMR parameters were associated with markers of FALD. A larger indexed IVC-CSA was associated with higher systemic ventricle end-diastolic pressure (EDP) on cardiac catheterization (Spearman’s ρ = 0.39, p = 0.018) as well as older age (Spearman’s ρ = 0.46, p = < 0.001).
Conclusions
Indexed IVC-CSA was the only CMR parameter that was associated with markers of FALD. This measure has the potential to serve as an additional non-invasive tool to improve screening strategies for FALD.
Emergency Department Utilization Among Skin Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study of the National Emergency Department Sample 2013-2015
Authors: Russell Emma R. , Kumar Yash , Tripathi Raghav , Carroll Bryan T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Skin cancer-related emergency department (ED) visits are among the most common cancer-related ED visits in the United States. However, ED utilization among skin cancer patients has not been evaluated.
Objective: To assess overall utilization of EDs among skin cancer patients, reasons for skin cancer-related visits, and factors associated with inpatient admission.
Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of adults with skin cancer presenting to EDs using years 2013-2015 of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.
Results: 693,835 of the 223,329,909 weighted ED visits were made by patients with skin cancer. Visits among this population were frequently due to age-related comorbidities and skin cancer treatment-specific adverse events. Melanoma accounted for the minority of skin cancer-related visits (27.58%) but over half of subsequent inpatient admissions (51.18%) and was associated with greater odds of inpatient admission compared to keratinocyte carcinoma (OR 1.278, 95% CI 1.264-1.293).
Limitations: Treatment and staging codes were not available, thus differences in ED utilization among skin cancer stages and treatment approaches could not be assessed.
Conclusion: Ultimately, these findings are important in improving anticipatory outpatient care for patients with skin cancer and in guiding appropriate management of this unique population in the ED.
Enabling direct kinetic simulation of dense plasma plume expansion for laser ablation plasma thrusters
Authors: Chan Wai Hong Ronald , Boyd Iain D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laser ablation plasma thrusters are an emerging space propulsion concept that provides promise for lightweight payload delivery. Predicting the lifetime and performance of these thrusters hinges on a comprehensive characterization of the expansion dynamics of the ablated plasma plume. While state-of-the-art techniques for simulating plasmas are often particle-based, a grid-based direct kinetic solver confers advantages in such a transient and inhomogeneous problem by eliminating statistical noise. A direct kinetic solver including interparticle collisions is employed on a plume expansion model problem spanning one dimension each in configuration and velocity space. The high degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium inherent in plume expansion is characterized, justifying the need for a kinetic rather than a hybrid or fluid solver. Thruster-relevant metrics such as the momentum flux are also computed. The plume dynamics are observed to be highly inhomogeneous in space with insufficient time for thermalization in the region preceding the expansion front, and the theoretical possibility of reducing the local grid resolution by up to two orders of magnitude at the far end of the domain is established. These grid-point requirements are verified via the employment of nonuniform grids of various expansion ratios, several of which also employ coarsening in velocity space. Longer domain lengths are explored to characterize thruster-scale phenomena and larger ambient pressures are simulated as a testbed to probe facility effects due to collisions with background particles.
Location-based Sentiment Analysis of 2019 Nigeria Presidential Election Using A Voting Ensemble Approach
Authors: Onyenwe Ikechukwu E. , Nwagbo Samuel N.C. , Orji Rita , Onyedinma Ebele , Ikechukwu-Onyenwe Onyedikachukwu , Nwafor Chidinma A. , Agbata Obinna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sentiment analysis is a natural language processing (NLP) tool that uses automatic methods to capture the opinions of the masses over social media such as Twitter, especially for election monitoring and predictions. However, recent researches have explored mining of public sentiment in tweets neglecting using tweets location features and ensemble learning of NLP. In this paper, we use 2019 Nigeria presidential election tweets to perform sentiment analysis through the application of a voting ensemble approach (VEA) in which the predictions from multiple techniques are combined to find the best polarity of a tweet (sentence). This is to determine public views on the 2019 Nigeria Presidential elections and compare them with actual election results. Our sentiment analysis experiment is focused on location-based viewpoints using Twitter location features. For this experiment, we live-streamed Nigeria 2019 election tweets via Twitter API to create tweets dataset of 583816 size, pre-processed the data, and applied VEA by utilizing three different Sentiment Classifiers to obtain the choicest polarity of a given tweet. Furthermore, we segmented our tweets dataset into Nigerian states and geopolitical zones, then plotted state-wise and geopolitical-wise user sentiments towards the major candidates (Buhari and Atiku) and their political parties. The overall objective of the use of states/geopolitical zones is to evaluate the similarity between the sentiment of location-based tweets compared to actual election results. The results reveal that whereas there are election outcomes that coincide with the sentiment expressed on Twitter social media in most cases as shown by the polarity scores of different locations, there are also some election results where our location analysis similarity test failed.
Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Posterior Short Segment Fixation Constructs with or without Intermediate Screws in the Fractured Vertebrae for the Treatment of Type A Thoracolumbar Fracture
Authors: Xu Cheng , Bai Xuedong , Ruan Dike , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conventional short-segment stabiliztion for thoracolumbar fractures initially involved inserting pedicle screws in the vertebra one-above and one-below the level of injury, creating a four-screw construct connected by rods spanning. However, the reported early implant failure rate and loss of correction rate are quite high. Therefore, six-screw short-segment posterior fixation, which involves additional augmentation at the fractured vertebrae has been proposed to reduce the rates of kyphosis recurrence and implant failure. Yet, little is known about biomechanical changes to the spine, strongest advantage and the appropriate indications. The objective of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties that are associated with augmentation of intermediate screws at the fracture vertebrae in relation to the severity of type A thoracolumbar fracture using finite element analysis. Short-segment stabilization models with or without augmentation screws at fractured vertebrae were established based on finite element model of moderate compressive fractures (AO Spine A1 and LSC grade-2 ), severe compressive fractures (AO Spine A1 LSC grade-3), and burst fracture(AO Spine A3 and LSC grade-2 ). The spinal stiffness, stresses at the implanted hardware, and axial displacement/micro-motion of the bony defect were measured and compared under mechanical loading conditions. Our results suggested that more severe fractures might benefit more from rigid fixation with six-screw constructs. Augmentation of intermediate screws at the fracture vertebrae is recommended for patients with higher wedge-shaped or burst fractures to reduce the risk of hardware failure and postoperative re-collapse of injured vertebrae.
Endoscopic Total Mastectomy Followed by Immediate Free Abdominal-based Flap Reconstruction: A Preliminary Experience Describing a Novel Approach to the “Aesthetically Scarless” Mastectomy
Authors: Ngaserin Sabrina , Wong Allen Wei-Jiat , Leong Faith Qi-Hui , Feng Jia Jun , Kok Yee Onn , Tan Benita Kiat-Tee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic total mastectomy (ETM) is predominantly offered with reconstruction utilizing prostheses, latissimus dorsi flap, omental flap, lipofilling, or a combination of techniques. Common approaches include periareolar, axillary or mid-axillary line incisions, which limits the technical ability to perform flap inset and microvascular anastomoses, as such the ETM with free abdominal-based flap reconstruction as not been robustly explored.
Materials and Methods: We studied all female patients with breast cancer who received ETM and abdominal-based flap reconstruction. Clinical-radiological-pathological characteristics, type of surgery, complications, rate of recurrence, and aesthetic outcomes were reviewed.
Results: 12 patients underwent ETM with pedicled or free abdominal-based flap reconstruction. Mean age was 53.4 years old (range: 36 - 65 years). 92.3% successfully received endoscopic NSM and 7.7% underwent conversion to SSM Mean tumor size was 35.4mm (range: 1 – 67mm). 33.3% of cancers were stage I cancer, 58.4% stage II, and 8.3% stage III. Mean specimen weight was 458.75g (range: 242 - 800g). Mean operative time for ETM was 139 minutes (range: 92 - 198 minutes) and average ischemic time was 37.3 minutes (range: 22-50 minutes). No cases required re-exploration, no cases of flap failure occurred, margins were clear, no skin or nipple-areolar complex ischemia or necrosis developed. In the aesthetic outcome evaluation, 16.7% were excellent, 75% good, 8.3% fair, and 0% unsatisfactory. No recurrence was observed.
Conclusion: ETM through a minimal-access inferior-mammary or mid-axillary line approach, followed by immediate Pedicled TRAM or Free AFR, is a safe means of achieving an “aesthetically scarless” mastectomy and reconstruction.
Accurate and early prediction of the wound healing outcome of burn injuries using the wavelet Shannon entropy of THz time-domain waveforms
Authors: Khani Mahmoud E. , Osman Omar B. , Harris Zachery B. , Chen Andrew , Zhou Juin W. , Singer Adam J. , Arbab M. Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significance: Severe burn injuries cause significant hypermetabolic alterations that are highly dynamic, hard to predict, and require acute and critical care. The clinical assessments of the severity of burn injuries are highly subjective and have been reported to be inaccurate consistently. Therefore, the utilization of other imaging modalities is crucial to reach an objective and accurate burn assessment modality.
Aim: We describe a non-invasive technique using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the wavelet packet Shannon entropy to automatically estimate the burn depth and predict the wound healing outcome of the thermal burn injuries.
Approach: We created forty burn injuries of different severity grades in two porcine models using scald and contact methods of infliction. We used our THz Portable Handheld Spectral Reflection (PHASR) Scanner to obtain the in vivo THz-TDS images. We used the energy to Shannon entropy ratio of the wavelet packet coefficients of the THz-TDS waveforms on Day 0 to create supervised support vector machine (SVM) classification models. Histological20
assessments of the burn biopsies serve as the ground truth.
Results: We achieved an accuracy rate of 94.7% in predicting the wound healing outcome, as determined by histological measurement of the re-epithelialization rate on Day 28 post-burn induction, using the THz-TDS measurements obtained on Day 0. Furthermore, we report the accuracy rates of 89%, 87.1%, and 87.6% in automatic diagnosis of the superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns, respectively, using a multiclass SVM model.
Conclusions: The THz PHASR Scanner promises a robust, high-speed, and accurate diagnostic modality to improve the clinical triage of burns and their management.
Consideraciones sobre la naturaleza jurídica de la lex mercatoria desde la perspectiva de los incoterms 2010
Authors: Zuvanich Hirmas Sonia 
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad explicar la importancia y validez normativa de la nueva lex mercatoria en las compraventas internacionales, como asimismo aclarar la naturaleza jurídica de los Incoterms, los que forman parte de ésta. Entendiendo que, pese a que son usos y prácticas de los negocios internacionales, y que no han sido creadas por ningún estado soberano, se utilizan permanentemente en las compraventas internacionales, regulando una serie de aspectos particulares del contrato, con el fin de dar mayor seguridad al comercio internacional globalizado. También, se aborda la última reglamentación de los Incoterms de 2010, destacando las modificaciones y nuevos usos que se han creado, así como el uso de los mismos en Chile.
Nature of the action by benefit of outside dolo, the case ac inversions
Authors: Carvajal Romero Danilo I. 
Published: September 2022

The subject of the nature of the action for the benefit of the other’s deceit is a very controversial subject; Between them is an action for compensation or a restitution action, since it has very different practical effects. When it took a jurisprudential interest was in the Inverlink case, where the CORFO was forced to civilly sue all those investors (outside the Inverlink group) who withdrew their investments in advance, not knowing that the money with which they materialized these rescues were funds subtracted from CORFO. That is why it is important to review the importance of this action, its discussion on its legal nature, which established the Supreme Court in its regard, and then finally analyze whether or not this action for the case AC Inversions, which explodedin March This year, similar in nature to the Inverlink case.