bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankle and foot pathologies in early rheumatoid arthritis, what can ultrasound tell us?
Authors: Abdelzaher Mohamed Gamal , Finzel Stephanie , Abdelsalam Adel , Enein Asmaa Farouk , Abdelsalam Noha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune polyarticular disease. Despite being commonly affected in RA, the ankle and foot do not receive much attention, particularly in early disease. The precise diagnosis of their involvement and its impact on health is a clinical challenge that requires accurate assessment.AimTo determine the role of ultrasound in evaluation of ankle and foot pathologies and assess its impact on functional activity in newly diagnosed RA patients.MethodsThe study was conducted on 152 RA patients and 52 healthy controls. Patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and ultrasound scan. Impact on health was measured by health assessment questionnaire, as well as foot function index.ResultsIn a cohort of patients with early RA with median duration of 1 month, tibialis posterior (TP) tenosynovitis (45.4%) was the most common pathology, followed by tibiotalar (TTJ) synovitis (39.8%), and peroneal tenosynovitis (39.1%). In terms of disease duration, TTJ (P = .001) foot pathologies were less common in early RA and tended to worsen over time, whereas TP (P = .048) and peroneal tenosynovitis (P = .011) were more common in early RA. In multivariate analysis TTJ, subtalar synovitis, forefoot pathologies, TP tenosynovitis, and Achilles enthesitis were found to be significant predictors of functional disability. The most important predictors of ankle pain were TTJ synovitis, TP tenosynovitis, peroneal tenosynovitis, and plantar fasciitis.ConclusionAnkle and foot involvement is a common issue of early RA, and it has a significant impact on quality of life. Ultrasound is a reliable tool for evaluating various abnormalities in this complex area, allowing for better management.
ECA’s roles to foster green and energy transition in emerging and developing countries
Authors: Akita Yuichiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are many challenges to foster green and energy transition in emerging and developing countries, and the roles for export credit agencies (ECAs) range over from updating the underwriting policy or way of business, to developing a new program. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russian War against Ukraine heightened political risks of global infrastructure development, including renewable energy in those countries. ECAs are expected to offer a risk mitigation or management tool, such as investment insurance, to enhance the investability of the project. The pathways to carbon neutrality in different countries are varied. Therefore, it would be necessary for ECAs to underwrite a transaction based on regional and country‐specific circumstances while confirming alignment with the Paris Agreement by each project. Furthermore, it is also critical for ECAs, particularly through insurance or guarantee programs to play their roles as catalysts to mobilize private capital to fill the funding gap of energy transition. The key would be for ECAs to be more innovative for all aspects of their own business model to realize the challenges.
Managerial Myopia, Earnings Guidance, and Investment*
Authors: Aghamolla Cyrus , Hashimoto Tadashi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the real effects of management communication, specifically of forecasts or earnings guidance, on investment. Managers can signal the strength of their projects through accuracy in their earnings guidance. This leads less accurate managers to distort their investments; the equilibrium investment strategy involves over‐investment when earnings exceed the forecast and under‐investment when earnings fall short. Moreover, we find that managers are pessimistic in their forecasts, which helps to explain the corresponding well‐documented empirical regularity. This downward bias increases the likelihood of investment manipulation but decreases the real loss from distortion. Interestingly, the over‐investment induced by earnings guidance helps to mitigate the classic under‐investment problem for a myopic manager with unobservable investment. Earnings guidance can therefore be value‐increasing when managerial myopia is severe.
Dolichozeliagen. nov., a new genus of Dexiini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Brazil
Authors: Santis Marcelo D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDolichozeliagen. nov.and its type speciesDolichozelia caetegen. et sp. nov.from the subfamily Dexiinae are described from São Paulo (Brazil). The description ofNeozelia aliniGuimarães, 1975 was the last description of a new genus of Neotropical Dexiini; and after almost 50 years, the description ofDolichozeliagen. nov.constitutes the first new genus of Dexiini from the Neotropical region since Guimarães’ contribution. Prior to this study, 64 genera of Dexiini were known from the Neotropics, the larger tribe of Dexiinae. Herein, a diagnostic key for theZeliagroup of genera is given, with the inclusion ofDolichozeliagen. nov.In addition, a brief systematic discussion on dexiines is given in order to further discuss the systematic position ofDolichozeliagen. nov.in the tribe Dexiini. The new genus can be easily distinguished from the other genera in the tribe, mainly by the following combination of characters: legs very elongate, about 3× the length of the abdomen; abdomen about 3× the length of the thorax; syntergite 1 + 2 with a pair of marginal median setae and tergite 3 with two to three equal sized pairs of discal setae; tergite 5 elongate, ending in conical structure. Finally, a description and illustration of the male terminalia is provided for the new genus and species.
Neocaledonidiplosis Elsayed, gen. nov., a new genus of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) endemic to New Caledonia, with description of a new species forming leaf galls on Neoarytera chartacea (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Elsayed Ayman Khamis , Mille Christian Gilbert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNew Caledonia is a biodiversity hotspot, but its gall midge fauna remains poorly known. In this study, we describe a gall midge Neocaledonidiplosis neoaryterae Elsayed, gen. et sp. nov. (Cecidomyiinae: Cecidomyiini) inducing leaf galls on Neoarytera chartacea (Sapindaceae) in Noumea, New Caledonia. The new genus is closely related to the catch‐all genus Contarinia, but distinguishable by the shorter ovipositor, longer aedeagus that bears sensoria and presence of the occipital protuberance. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted and supported the close relationship of the new genus with Contarinia. This is the first example of a gall midge belonging to the tribe Cecidomyiini to be reported on Sapindaceae.
Simultaneous Cluster Structure Learning and Estimation of Heterogeneous Graphs for Matrix-Variate fMRI Data
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhao Changwei , He Yong , Liu Lei , Guo Ying , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Graphical models play an important role in neuroscience studies, particularly in brain connectivity analysis. Typically, observations/samples are from several heterogenous groups and the group membership of each observation/sample is unavailable, which poses a great challenge for graph structure learning. In this paper, we propose a method which can achieve Simultaneous Clustering and Estimation of Heterogeneous Graphs (briefly denoted as SCEHG) for matrix-variate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Unlike the conventional clustering methods which rely on the mean differences of various groups, the proposed SCEHG method fully exploits the group differences of conditional dependence relationships among brain regions for learning cluster structure. In essence, by constructing individual-level between-region network measures, we formulate clustering as penalized regression with grouping and sparsity pursuit, which transforms the unsupervised learning into supervised learning. A modified difference of convex programming with the alternating direction method of multipliers (DC-ADMM) algorithm is proposed to solve the corresponding optimization problem. We also propose a generalized criterion to specify the number of clusters. Extensive simulation studies illustrate the superiority of the SCEHG method over some state-of-the-art methods in terms of both clustering and graph recovery accuracy. We also apply the SCEHG procedure to analyze fMRI data associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which illustrates its empirical usefulness.
Event‐related brain potential correlates of the other‐race effect: A review
Authors: Tüttenberg Simone C. , Wiese Holger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeople are better at remembering own‐race relative to other‐race faces. Here, we review event‐related brain potential (ERP) correlates of this so‐called other‐‘race’ effect (ORE) by discussing three critical aspects that characterize the neural signature of this phenomenon. First, difficulties with other‐race faces initially emerge during perceptual processing, which is indexed by an increased N170. Second, as evidenced by ‘difference due to subsequent memory’ effects, more effortful processing of other‐race faces is needed for successful encoding into long‐term memory. Third, ERP old/new effects reveal that a stronger engagement of processing resources is also required for successful retrieval of other‐race faces from memory. The ERP evidence available to date thus suggests widespread ethnicity‐related modulations during both perceptual and mnemonic processing stages. We further discuss how findings from the ORE compared with potentially related memory biases (e.g. other‐gender or other‐age effects) and how ERP findings inform the ongoing debate regarding the mechanisms underlying the ORE. Finally, we outline open questions and potential future directions with an emphasis on using multiple, ecologically more valid ‘ambient’ images for each face to assess the ORE in paradigms that capture identity rather than image recognition.
Internal governmental performance and accountability in Canada: Insights and lessons for post‐pandemic improvement
Authors: Shepherd Robert P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article summarizes and expands on the work of one of three dialogue study teams organized by the Canada School of Public Service (CSPS), Institute of Public Administration of Canada (IPAC), and the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration (CAPPA). The Internal Accountability Dialogue Study Team explored the rationale and effects of the performance management regime of the Canadian federal government starting the fall of 2021. In particular, the study team wanted to know whether and in what ways the performance management regime provided information and other support to decision‐makers during the pandemic, and in what ways the efficacy of the function post‐pandemic could be improved. It found that despite promises to bolster accountability and decision‐making, and to foster a learning culture within government, it was subject to a strong control orientation reminiscent of traditional public administration (TPA) that obstructed its potential to contribute in effective ways. If anything, practitioners indicated that performance reporting was something to be avoided rather than embraced raising concerns about the usefulness of the function. The article concludes that performance management ought to be revisited with a clear orientation to learning rather than control, which may restore confidence in its relevance for decision‐making.
Executive decision‐making during the COVID‐19 emergency period
Authors: Turnbull Lori , Bernier Luc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBeginning in March of 2020, the unprecedented circumstances of the COVID‐19 pandemic caused a shift in the ways in which governments, and all organizations, performed many of their functions, including the ways in which they make decisions. In Westminster parliamentary democracies, the executive branch—with the support of the public service—has the capacity to respond quickly and decisively to matters at hand, which can make the system particularly well suited to deal with emergencies. However, the expedited approach can come at some cost in the sense that a higher tolerance for risk earlier in the process can create an increased need for problem‐solving later on. This article explores how the Canadian government approached decision‐making during the COVID‐19 period, specifically within the period between March and August of 2020. Decision‐making processes were truncated and modified to meet the challenges of the time, and the federal public service was widely praised for its nimbleness and responsiveness.
Pre‐pregnancy weight excess and body mass index: Analysis of three generations Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Flores Thaynã Ramos , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Gonçalves Helen , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista 
Published: August 2022

SummaryTo evaluate the relationship between the grandmother's maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (first generation—G1), the BMI of the female members of the birth cohort of Pelotas/RS, Brazil, 1993 (second generation—G2) and the children of the cohort members (third generation—G3). a longitudinal study using data from the 1993 Pelotas/RS cohort. The maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI of the mothers of the members (first generation—G1) was self‐reported, and of the participants in the cohort (second generation—G2) was collected using weight and height in follow‐ups prior to 22 years of age. Children from the third generation (G3) were included in this last follow‐up (22 years) and anthropometric measurements were collected. The outcome was BMI‐for‐age z‐score obtained using weight and height measures collected in every follow‐up. Linear regression was performed with adjustment for possible confounding factors. The cohort's original sample consists of 5249 participants and 855 children (their first children). At 12 and 48 months, the average increase in BMI‐for‐age z‐score of children of women with pre‐pregnancy weight excess was 0.11 and 0.47 kg/m2, respectively, increasing to around 0.60 kg/m2 in adolescence, reaching an average increase of 2.71 kg/m2 in BMI at 22 years of age. The G2 pre‐pregnancy weight excess was also associated with G3 BMI‐for‐age z‐score [β = 0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.21; 0.65)]. Maternal pre‐pregnancy weight excess was associated with the child's BMI‐for‐age z‐score, in both G2 and G3, suggesting a proximal relationship, with no association between G1 and G3.
Time in range following flash glucose monitoring: Relationship with glycaemic control, diabetes‐related distress and resource utilisation in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists national audit
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Wilmot Emma , Pieri Beatrice , Choudhary Pratik , Shah Najeeb , Gregory Robert , Kilvert Anne , Lumb Alistair , Christian Peter , Barnes Dennis , Patmore Jane , Walton Chris , Ryder Robert E. J. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to understand the relationship between time in range (TIR) achieved using the isCGM with changes in glycaemic control, diabetes‐related distress (DRD) and resource utilisation in people living with diabetes.MethodsClinicians from 106 National Health System (NHS) UK hospitals submitted isCGM user baseline and follow‐up data in a web‐based tool held within the UK NHS network. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between follow‐up glucose TIR (3.9–10 mmol/L) categories (TIR% 50–70 and TIR% >70) with change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), DRD and Gold score (measure of hypoglycaemia unawareness, where a score ≥4 suggests impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia).ResultsOf 16,427 participants, 1241 had TIR follow‐up data available. In this cohort, the mean TIR was 44.8% (±22.5). With the use of isCGM, at 7.9 months mean follow‐up, improvements were observed in HbA1c (−6.9 [13.5] mmol/mol, p < 0.001), Gold score (−0.35 [1.5], p < 0.001) and Diabetes Distress Screening (−0.73 [1.23], p < 0.001). In the regression analysis restricted to people living with type 1 diabetes, TIR% 50–70 was associated with a −8.9 mmol/mol (±0.6, p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c; TIR% >70 with a −14 mmol/mol (±0.8, p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c. Incremental improvement in TIR% was also associated with significant improvements in Gold score and DRD. TIR% >70 was associated with no hospital admissions due to hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia/diabetic ketoacidosis, and a 60% reduction in the paramedic callouts and 77% reduction in the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia.ConclusionIn a large cohort of UK isCGM users, we demonstrate a significant association of higher TIR% with improvement in HbA1c, hypoglycaemia awareness, DRD and resource utilisation.
CAR‐T cell therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. A systematic review
Authors: Pasqui Daniel M. , Latorraca Carolina d. O. C. , Pacheco Rafael L. , Riera Rachel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHematological malignancies represent defying clinical conditions, with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly considering patients who manifest multiple refractory diseases. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option for relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies, which have motivated the Food and Drug Administration approval of a series of products based on this technique. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of CAR‐T cell therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases (CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, and MEDLINE), clinical trials register platforms (Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO‐ICTRP), and grey literature (OpenGrey). The Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions was used for developing the review and the PRISMA Statement for manuscript reporting. The protocol was prospectively published in PROSPERO database (CRD42020181047). After the selection process, seven RCTs were included, three of which with available outcome results. The available results are from studies assessing axicabtagene, lisocabtagene, and tisagenlecleucel for patients with B cell lymphoma, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low for survival and progression‐related outcome and for safety outcomes. Additionally, four randomized controlled trials comparing CAR‐T cell therapy to the standard treatment for various types of relapsed/refractory B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma included in this systematic review still did not have available outcome data. The results of this review may be used to guide clinical practice but evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of CAR‐T Cell therapy for hematological malignancies is still immature to recommend its application outside of clinical trials or compassionate use context for advanced and terminal cases. It is expected the results of the referred comparative studies will provide further elements to subsidize the broader application of this immunotherapy.
Upregulation of microRNA‐597 in myelodysplastic syndromes induces apoptosis through FOSL2 inhibition
Authors: Kang Seong‐Ho , Kim Hong‐Beum , Choi Ji Seon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Trisomy 8 is the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in Korean patients with MDS. We investigated the dysregulation of miR‐597‐5p, located on chromosome 8, which is reported to induce cell death in numerous cancers.Materials and MethodsWe compared the expression profiles of miR‐597‐5p among 65 MDS patients and 11 controls, and analyzed the in vitro effects of miR‐597 on leukemic cells using an acute myeloid leukemia cell line transfected with miR‐597.ResultsWe found that miR‐597‐5p levels were upregulated 4.05‐fold in MDS patients compared to those in controls. In vitro study results demonstrated that transfection with a miR‐597 mimic induced apoptosis through downregulation of FOS like 2 (FOSL2).ConclusionThese findings suggest that upregulation of miR‐597 induces apoptosis and that miR‐597 has a possible role in the pathophysiology of MDS.
Association of amygdala size with stress perception: Findings of a transversal study across the lifespan
Authors: Caetano Inês , Amorim Liliana , Castanho Teresa Costa , Coelho Ana , Ferreira Sónia , Portugal‐Nunes Carlos , Soares José Miguel , Gonçalves Nuno , Sousa Rui , Reis Joana , Lima Catarina , Marques Paulo , Moreira Pedro Silva , Rodrigues Ana João , Santos Nadine Correia , Morgado Pedro , Esteves Madalena , Magalhães Ricardo , Picó‐Pérez Maria , Sousa Nuno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDaily routines are getting increasingly stressful. Interestingly, associations between stress perception and amygdala volume, a brain region implicated in emotional behaviour, have been observed in both younger and older adults. Life stress, on the other hand, has become pervasive and is no longer restricted to a specific age group or life stage. As a result, it is vital to consider stress as a continuum across the lifespan. In this study, we investigated the relationship between perceived stress and amygdala size in 272 healthy participants with a broad age range. Participants were submitted to a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to extract amygdala volume, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores were used as the independent variable in volumetric regressions. We found that perceived stress is positively associated with the right amygdala volume throughout life.
The effects of missense OPN3 mutations in melanocytic lesions on protein structure and light‐sensitive function
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zeng Wen , Li Pinhao , Feng Jianglong , Zhang Yulei , Jin Shuqi , Deng Jialing , Qi Shengwen , Lu Hongguang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOpsin 3 (OPN3), a member of the light‐sensitive, retinal‐dependent opsin family, is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and plays a multitude of light‐dependent and light‐independent roles. We recently identified five missense variants of OPN3, including p. I51T, p. V134A, p. V183I, p. M256I and p. C331Y, in human melanocytic tumours. However, it remains unclear how these OPN3 variants affect OPN3 protein structure and function. Herein, we conducted structural and functional studies of these variant proteins in OPN3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of five single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) proteins using a site‐directed mutagenesis method. Notably, the p. I51T variant was not able to effectively dock with 11‐cis‐retinal. Additionally, in vitro, the p. I51T SNVs failed to induce any detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration at room temperature. Taken together, these results reveal that five SNVs in the OPN3 gene have deleterious effects on protein structure and function, suggesting that these mutations, especially the p. I51T variant, significantly disrupt the canonical function of the OPN3 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the role of OPN3 variants in the loss of protein function.