bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Injury in COVID-19 and Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Similarities and Differences
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Vdoushkina E. S. , Yakovleva E. V. 
Published: October 2022

In the regions with the high prevalence of HIV infection, it is necessary to perform differential diagnosis of lung injury caused by COVID-19 and pneumocystis pneumonia.The main complaints in COVID-19 and pneumocystis pneumonia are similar and include dyspnea, weakness, cough, fever, and ground glass radiographic syndrome. However, sputum production was more common in pneumocystis pneumonia. The most important differences were frequent anosmia in COVID-19 and its absence in pneumocystis pneumonia, frequent detection of oropharyngeal candidiasis in pneumocystis pneumonia which was not seen in COVID-19.Serum hepcidin concentration has a high diagnostic potential and indicates a greater likelihood of COVID-19 than pneumocystis pneumonia at values ≤ 768.044 pg/ml (ROC AUC 0.977; p < 0.001).
The use of a vaginal therapeutic system with prostaglandin for induction of labor
Authors: Baev O. R. , Gusar V. A. , Gaydarova A. R. , Edilberg I. V. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Induction of labor is one of the most frequent procedures in modern obstetrics, which reduces the frequency of cesarean section and improves pregnancy outcomes. However, the effectiveness and safety of labor induction methods vary. Currently, the vaginal therapeutic system (SVT) with dinoprostone is certified for use for childbirth in Russia. Aim. To conduct a review of the literature data and a pilot study of the effectiveness and safety of the vaginal therapeutic system with dinoprostone for induction of labor. Materials and methods. A review of the literature for 2001–2022 devoted to the use of vaginal systems with gradual release of prostaglandin for induction of labor was conducted. Additionally, a prospective observational study of the effectiveness and safety of the dinoprostone system was conducted in 18 pregnant women. The evaluation criteria were: the frequency of labor, the degree of maturation of the cervix on the Bishop scale, as well as the frequency of vaginal delivery. Results. Literature data indicate that SVT with dinoprostone has comparable efficacy with other methods of pre-induction / induction of labor. The system with dinoprostone has a lower frequency of the side effect of “tachysystole” than the system with misoprostol. Compared with mechanical methods, SVT is assotiated with a lower frequency of oxytocin use. The use of SVT with dinoprostone showed an efficiency of 77.8% (in terms of the of labor start or cervical ripening). No side effects requiring termination of labor induction were registered in our study. Conclusions. Thus, vaginal insertion with prostaglandin E2 – dinoprostone is an effective and safe method of pre-induction of labor. Taking into account the small sample size in our work, it is of interest to continue research in order to obtain more complete data and in comparison with other methods.
Some aspects of adherence to combined hormonal contraception in young women
Authors: Zhukovskaya I. G. , Khuzina L. F. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. In addition to being protective against unwanted pregnancies, combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) can improve health and quality of life of women. The awareness of Russian women about CHCs is 85 %, however, only 13 % of women in Russia have a long-term experience with CHCs. This is why, it is essential to analyse drivers of adherence of young women to CHCs, and the reasons for refusal of them. Aim. Identification of the reasons affecting adherence to СHС in young women. Materials and methods. Group 1 consisted of 36 women who have tried using СHС, but stopped taking: 1A (19 women) – up to 1 year, 1B (17 women) – from 1 to 3 years; group 2 – 35 women who have never used СHС. Results. The level of education in group 2 was significantly lower, patients with secondary general education prevailed. Despite the high awareness of the benefits of СHС, the number of real users of these drugs was only 50.7 %, while half of them used CHС for 9 months on average. The refusal to use СHС in group 2 was motivated by the possible development of side effects, the lack of need for regular contraception, which requires improvement of counseling on using СHС, taking into account the characteristics of the contingent of patients. The reason for the rejection of СHС in groups 1A and 1B, regardless of the duration of use, was side effects in 42.1 and 47.1 % of cases, respectively, which included: headaches, decreased libido; nausea, epigastric pain, intermenstrual spotting, weight gain, emotional lability. Conclusion. Taking into account the level of education of patients and their needs, high-quality structured counseling when choosing a method of contraception will increase compliance with the use of СHСs, increase the frequency and duration of using СHСs.
Separating Features From Functionality in Vaccination Apps: Computational Analysis
Authors: Shaw Jr George , Nadkarni Devaki , Phann Eric , Sielaty Rachel , Ledenyi Madeleine , Abnowf Razaan , Xu Qian , Arredondo Paul , Chen Shi 
Published: October 2022

Background
Some latest estimates show that approximately 95% of Americans own a smartphone with numerous functions such as SMS text messaging, the ability to take high-resolution pictures, and mobile software apps. Mobile health apps focusing on vaccination and immunization have proliferated in the digital health information technology market. Mobile health apps have the potential to positively affect vaccination coverage. However, their general functionality, user and disease coverage, and exchange of information have not been comprehensively studied or evaluated computationally.

Objective
The primary aim of this study is to develop a computational method to explore the descriptive, usability, information exchange, and privacy features of vaccination apps, which can inform vaccination app design. Furthermore, we sought to identify potential limitations and drawbacks in the apps’ design, readability, and information exchange abilities.

Methods
A comprehensive codebook was developed to conduct a content analysis on vaccination apps’ descriptive, usability, information exchange, and privacy features. The search and selection process for vaccination-related apps was conducted from March to May 2019. We identified a total of 211 apps across both platforms, with iOS and Android representing 62.1% (131/211) and 37.9% (80/211) of the apps, respectively. Of the 211 apps, 119 (56.4%) were included in the final study analysis, with 42 features evaluated according to the developed codebook. The apps selected were a mix of apps used in the United States and internationally. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Furthermore, cluster analysis was used with unsupervised machine learning to determine patterns within the data to group the apps based on preselected features.

Results
The results indicated that readability and information exchange were highly correlated features based on principal component analysis. Of the 119 apps, 53 (44.5%) were iOS apps, 55 (46.2%) were for the Android operating system, and 11 (9.2%) could be found on both platforms. Cluster 1 of the k-means analysis contained 22.7% (27/119) of the apps; these were shown to have the highest percentage of features represented among the selected features.

Conclusions
We conclude that our computational method was able to identify important features of vaccination apps correlating with end user experience and categorize those apps through cluster analysis. Collaborating with clinical health providers and public health officials during design and development can improve the overall functionality of the apps.
Prediction of COVID-19 Infections for Municipalities in the Netherlands: Algorithm Development and Interpretation
Authors: van der Ploeg Tjeerd , Gobbens Robbert J J 
Published: October 2022

Background
COVID-19 was first identified in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. The virus quickly spread and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. After infection, symptoms such as fever, a (dry) cough, nasal congestion, and fatigue can develop. In some cases, the virus causes severe complications such as pneumonia and dyspnea and could result in death. The virus also spread rapidly in the Netherlands, a small and densely populated country with an aging population. Health care in the Netherlands is of a high standard, but there were nevertheless problems with hospital capacity, such as the number of available beds and staff. There were also regions and municipalities that were hit harder than others. In the Netherlands, there are important data sources available for daily COVID-19 numbers and information about municipalities.

Objective
We aimed to predict the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 infections per 10,000 inhabitants per municipality in the Netherlands, using a data set with the properties of 355 municipalities in the Netherlands and advanced modeling techniques.

Methods
We collected relevant static data per municipality from data sources that were available in the Dutch public domain and merged these data with the dynamic daily number of infections from January 1, 2020, to May 9, 2021, resulting in a data set with 355 municipalities in the Netherlands and variables grouped into 20 topics. The modeling techniques random forest and multiple fractional polynomials were used to construct a prediction model for predicting the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 infections per 10,000 inhabitants per municipality in the Netherlands.

Results
The final prediction model had an R2 of 0.63. Important properties for predicting the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 infections per 10,000 inhabitants in a municipality in the Netherlands were exposure to particulate matter with diameters <10 μm (PM10) in the air, the percentage of Labour party voters, and the number of children in a household.

Conclusions
Data about municipality properties in relation to the cumulative number of confirmed infections in a municipality in the Netherlands can give insight into the most important properties of a municipality for predicting the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 infections per 10,000 inhabitants in a municipality. This insight can provide policy makers with tools to cope with COVID-19 and may also be of value in the event of a future pandemic, so that municipalities are better prepared.
Nurse Practitioner–Led Integrated Rapid Access to HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs (iRaPID): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khati Antoine , Altice Frederick L , Vlahov David , Eger William H , Lee Jessica , Bohonnon Terry , Wickersham Jeffrey A , Maviglia Francesca , Copenhaver Nicholas , Shrestha Roman 
Published: October 2022

Background
The ongoing volatile opioid epidemic remains a significant public health concern, alongside continued outbreaks of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs. The limited access to and scale-up of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among people who inject drugs, coupled with multilevel barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, makes it imperative to integrate evidence-based risk reduction and HIV prevention strategies in innovative ways. To address this need, we developed an integrated rapid access to HIV prevention program for people who inject drugs (iRaPID) that incorporates same-day PrEP and MOUD for this population.

Objective
The primary objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the program and evaluate its preliminary efficacy on PrEP and MOUD uptake for a future randomized controlled trial (RCT). We also aim to explore information on the implementation of the program in a real-world setting using a type I hybrid implementation trial design.

Methods
Using a type I hybrid implementation trial design, we are pilot testing the nurse practitioner–led iRaPID program while exploring information on its implementation in a real-world setting. Specifically, we will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the iRaPID program and evaluate its preliminary efficacy on PrEP and MOUD uptake in a pilot RCT. The enrolled 50 people who inject drugs will be randomized (1:1) to either iRaPID or treatment as usual (TAU). Behavioral assessments will occur at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Additionally, we will conduct a process evaluation of the delivery and implementation of the iRaPID program to collect information for future implementation.

Results
Recruitment began in July 2021 and was completed in August 2022. Data collection is planned through February 2023. The Institutional Review Boards at Yale University and the University of Connecticut approved this study (2000028740).

Conclusions
This prospective pilot study will test a nurse practitioner–led, integrated HIV prevention program that incorporates same-day PrEP and MOUD for people who inject drugs. This low-threshold protocol delivers integrated prevention via one-stop shopping under the direction of nurse practitioners. iRaPID seeks to overcome barriers to delayed PrEP and MOUD initiation, which is crucial for people who inject drugs who have had minimal access to evidence-based prevention.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04531670; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04531670

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/42585
The Enlightenment of the Management of EU Notified Bodies to China's Introduction of Third-Party Institutions for Medical Device Supervision
Authors: Hou Qingqing , Xu Yiming , Zhang Dawei , Liang Yi 
Published: October 2022

Objective: By introducing the pilot situation of post-market supervision of medical devices purchased by third-party institutions in Jiangsu Province, China, the problems exposed by them were analyzed. At the same time, it draws on relevant advanced experience in the management of EU notified bodies to provide suggestions for optimizing China's follow-up practices and promoting social co-governance supervision.
Method: Conduct on-the-spot investigations in Jiangsu Provincial Food and Drug Administration, China, conduct interviews with regulators on the progress of the project, and conduct in-depth communication. A large number of inquiries about the relevant research literature of the EU notified body and the laws and regulations promulgated by the EU, and systematic analysis.
Results: In the introduction of third-party agencies to assist post-market supervision of medical devices, the Chinese government still has problems such as lack of relevant laws and regulations, imperfect access mechanisms for third-party agencies, imperfect supervision mechanisms, and backward regulatory informatization construction.
Conclusion: Introducing third-party agencies to assist in the supervision of medical devices can effectively ease the pressure on supervision and supplement supervision resources. It is suggested that the Chinese government learn from the management experience of the EU notified bodies, improve the regulatory legal system, introduce relevant regulations, improve the access mechanism of third-party institutions, improve the supervision mechanism, strengthen the construction of supervision informatization, and build a unified supervision platform.
Development and Characterization of novel bigel of loxoprofen for topical drug delivery
Authors: Agarwal Mansi , Sachdeva Monika , Sharma Pankaj Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Bigels are unique two-phase systems that have recently been presented as a structured method for active ingredient application. The purposes of the current study were to develop and characterize bigel formulations containing loxoprofen. They have the benefits of both hydrogel and organo-gel. In order to enhance penetration, pluronic lecithin was added to form the organo-gel, and HPMC was added to form the hydrogel, which properly hydrates the stratum corneum. Bigels were produced by mixing hydrogel with organo-gel in the appropriate ratio. pH, viscosity, extrudability, spreadability, and Gel-sol transition temperature were assessed for organo-gel and hydrogel. For the preparation of bigel, formulations O3 from organo-gel and H3 from hydrogel were characterized as optimum formulations. pH, viscosity, extrudability, spreadability, Gel-sol transition temperature, and other properties of the produced bigel were assessed. An 8-hour invitro drug release investigation yielded B1's results, which were 84.77%. B2 demonstrated 92.35 % release, B3 demonstrated 99.18% release, and bigel demonstrated extended-release. Based on evaluation characteristics, formulation B3 was chosen as the optimal formulation. Loxoprofen bigel release kinetics according to the Higuchi model. You can utilize loxoprofen bigel as an extended-release system.
Keywords: Loxoprofen, (B)Bigel Pluronic F127, (O)Organo-gel, HPMC, Gel-sol, (H)Hydrogel
Histopathological Pancreas Analysis of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Ethanolic Extract on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Solikhah Tridiganita Intan , Wijaya Tania Anggreani , Salsabila , , Pavita Daffa’ Alice , Asdiyanta Amin Nur , Hamonangan Jonathan Mark 
Published: October 2022

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder due to the disruption of the pancreas in producing insulin. Alloxan is a compound that has diabetogenic properties and is toxic, especially to pancreatic beta cells. When given to experimental animals, namely mice, it will cause them to become diabetic. Mice were separated into five groups consisting of 6 mice. Mice were divided into a normal control group without alloxan, a diabetic control group with alloxan, an extract treatment group of 100 mg/kg and 300mg/kg Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract, and a positive control group with 600 μg/kg Glibenclamide. All treatments were given orally for 14 days. Neck dislocations were performed on all groups of mice on the 14th day after extract administration to retrieve pancreatic tissue. In this study, dragon fruit peel extract improved pancreatic beta cell damage compared to the diabetes control group. Giving ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (H. polyrhizus) can improve the histopathology of the pancreas in mice with diabetes mellitus. Ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (H. polyrhizus) at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW is the optimum dose for repairing pancreatic beta cell damage in mice with diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Alloxan, Diabetes, Histopathological pancreas, Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract, Mice
Marriage Dispensation in Underage Marriage: A Case Study at the Purwokerto Religious Court
Authors: Syufa'at Syufa'at 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of marriage is to make family in happy and eternal according to the purpose of Law Number 1 of 1974, and the state has set a marriage age limit. Problems occur because there are many cases of marriage dispensation with decisions being granted which sometimes contradict the purpose of marriage. This study discusses the marriage dispensation decision at the Purwokerto Religious Court in 2018 with 108 decisions. The results show that there are two main factors that make judges allow children to marry through marriage dispensation. The first factor considered by the panel of judges, namely the existence of such a close relationship between the prospective groom and the prospective bride that causes the parents of each prospective bride and groom to worry that their child will fall into things that will be detrimental. The second reason assessed by the panel of judges was that the bride and groom were pregnant. In order to reduce the practice of marriage dispensation, pre-marital guidance, counseling through recitation is a psychological and mental preparation to achieve the purpose of marriage.
Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertiliser on bioremediation of spent engine oil contaminated soil
Authors: Nkereuwem Michael Edet , Adeleye Adeniyi Olarewaju , Karfi Uzaifa Adamu , Bashir Musbahu , Kamaldeen Fatimah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydrocarbon-related environmental pollution is a major environmental hazard due to its toxicity and widespread presence in the environment, resulting in stunted growth of soil microorganisms, plants, and animals. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and compost made from Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and cattle dung in the bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil (SEO)-contaminated soil. About 2.5 kg of sterilised soil was contaminated with SEO at different concentrations: 0, 100, and 150 mL / pot. Compost was then added after two weeks of contamination at the rate of 10 g / pot. Inoculation for treatments containing Glomus mossaea (consisting of 20 g of root soil-fungal mixture) was blended into the soil samples as well. It was a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment that was laid out in a completely randomised design and replicated three times. The incubation was allowed to last for twelve (12) weeks before the termination of the experiment. Data were collected on the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), bacterial and fungal biomass of the SEO-contaminated soil. Results obtained indicate that combined application of mycorrhiza with 100 mL / pot SEO resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower residual TPH content (54.50% degradation) of the contaminated soil compared to the other treatment combinations whereas significantly higher residual TPH content (20.43% degradation) of the contaminated soil was obtained from the interaction between 150 mL / pot SEO and without mycorrhizal inoculation. Interaction between mycorrhiza and 10 g / pot compost had a significantly higher bacterial colony (6.58 CFU / g) compared to other treatment combinations. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a significantly higher fungal colony (5.844 CFU / g) compared with non-mycorrhizal inoculation (3.222 CFU / g). Therefore, it can be concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation and compost were effective in the bioremediation of SEO-impacted soil.
عادات النعي والأحزان والاحداد على الميت في اقليم كوردستان-العراق دراسة فقهية
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed Khalid , Masood Sardar Saadaldeen 
Published: October 2022

تهدف الدراسة الى سرد وتحليل العادات و التقاليد الخاصة بمنطقة إقليم كوردستان- العراق، المتعلقة بالنعي و الأحزان والإحداد على الميت، ومقارنتها بالشريعة الإسلامية، ومدى صحة هذه العادات ومدى فسادها.
وقد بينت في هذا البحث من خلال دراسة فقهية مقارنة بين المذاهب الأربعة المعتمدة في العالم الإسلامي من خلال أدلتهم النقلية و العقلية ، وقد ظهر من خلال البحث، أن العادة بمعنى الأمر المتكرر، يتوارثها الأجيال، وتستمر لفترة طويلة، سواء من قبل الأفراد أو الجماعات، كما ظهر أن النعي قد يكون مستحباً وقد يكون مباحاً، وقد يكون مكروها، وقد يكون حراماً، كما ظهر أن الحزن والبكاء مشروعة بالكتاب و السنة، كما بينت أن النياحة المعبر بالأقوال على الميت من أعمال الجاهلية، التي توارث المجتمع كجزء من عاداتها وتقاليدها، وقد بينت حرمة ذلك بالكتاب والسنة، كما ظهر أن الحداد على الميت المتوفى عنها زوجها تجب بضوابط معلومة، ومدة معلومة وهي ترك بعض الامور التي حددها الشرع من ترك الزينة، وترك الطيب والحلي وعدم الخروج من البيت إلا لحاجة، وهذه المدة حددها الشرع كما بينت عدم جواز إحداد المرأة على أحد أقربائها غير الزوجة أكثر من ثلاثة أيام .