bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain adaptation for staff-region retrieval of music score images
Authors: Castellanos Francisco J. , Gallego Antonio Javier , Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge , Fujinaga Ichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptical music recognition (OMR) is the field that studies how to automatically read music notation from score images. One of the relevant steps within the OMR workflow is the staff-region retrieval. This process is a key step because any undetected staff will not be processed by the subsequent steps. This task has previously been addressed as a supervised learning problem in the literature; however, ground-truth data are not always available, so each new manuscript requires a preliminary manual annotation. This situation is one of the main bottlenecks in OMR, because of the countless number of existing manuscripts , and the associated manual labeling cost. With the aim of mitigating this issue, we propose the application of a domain adaptation technique, the so-called Domain-Adversarial Neural Network (DANN), based on a combination of a gradient reversal layer and a domain classifier in the inference neural architecture. The results from our experiments support the benefits of our proposed solution, obtaining improvements of approximately 29% in the F-score.
A hydraulic model outperforms work-balance models for predicting recovery kinetics from intermittent exercise
Authors: Weigend Fabian C. , Clarke David C. , Obst Oliver , Siegler Jason 
Published: September 2022

AbstractData Science advances in sports commonly involve “big data”, i.e., large sport-related data sets. However, such big data sets are not always available, necessitating specialized models that apply to relatively few observations. One important area of sport-science research that features small data sets is the study of recovery from exercise. In this area, models are typically fitted to data collected from exhaustive exercise test protocols, which athletes can perform only a few times. Recent findings highlight that established recovery models such as the so-called work-balance models are too simple to adequately fit observed trends in the data. Therefore, we investigated a hydraulic model that requires the same few data points as work-balance models to be applied, but promises to predict recovery dynamics more accurately. To compare the hydraulic model to established work-balance models, we retrospectively applied them to data compiled from published studies. In total, one hydraulic model and three work-balance models were compared on data extracted from five studies. The hydraulic model outperformed established work-balance models on all defined metrics, even those that penalize models featuring higher numbers of parameters. These results incentivize further investigation of the hydraulic model as a new alternative to established performance models of energy recovery.
Should tourists care more about invasive species? International and domestic visitors’ perceptions of invasive plants and their control in New Zealand
Authors: Lovelock Brent , Ji Yun , Carr Anna , Blye Clara-Jane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTourism has been implicated in the spread of invasive species, not only through physical means but through invasive species being perpetuated in destinations as part of the tourism landscape. This study reports on a survey of 238 domestic and international tourists visiting the south of New Zealand, with a focus on their knowledge of and attitudes to the management of two invasive plants: wild conifers and Russell lupins. Both plants have profound ecological, economic and environmental impacts but are also increasingly a part of the tourist landscapes in the study region. The survey found significant differences between domestic and international visitors in their levels of ecological knowledge about the invasive plants, with domestic visitors having greater awareness. However, there were also significant differences between international visitors according to origin and ethnicity, with Asian visitors showing lower awareness and also lower willingness to support eradication of the invasives, even after being provided information on the ecological impact of the species. Participants also responded differently to the two species, being less willing to support eradication of the attractive Russell lupin, compared to wild conifers. There are implications for management in terms of the messaging that may be required for different visitor groups around invasive species control. The study also points to the challenge of developing support for the management of charismatic plant species such as Russell lupin that are now firmly located within the tourism domain.
Inter-observer variance and agreement of wildlife information extracted from camera trap images
Authors: Zett Theresa , Stratford Ken J , Weise Florian J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCamera traps are a popular tool in terrestrial wildlife research due to their low costs, easy operability, and usefulness for studying a wide array of species and research questions. The vast numbers of images they generate often require multiple human data extractors, yet accuracy and inter-observer variance are rarely considered. We compared results from 10 observers who processed the same set of multi-species camera trap images (n = 11,560) from seven sites. We quantified inter-observer agreement and variance for (1) the number of mammals identified, (2) the number of images saved, (3) species identification accuracy and the types of mistakes made, and (4) counts of herbivore groups and individuals. We analysed the influence of observer experience, species distinctiveness and camera location. Observers varied significantly regarding image processing rates, the number of mammals found and images saved, and species misidentifications. Only one observer detected all 22 mammals (range: 18–22, n = 10). Experienced observers processed images up to 4.5 times faster and made less mistakes regarding species detection and identification. Missed species were mostly small mammals (56.5%) while misidentifications were most common among species with low phenotypic distinctiveness. Herbivore counts had high to very high variances with mainly moderate agreement across observers. Observers differed in how they processed images and what they recorded. Our results raise important questions about the reliability of data extracted by multiple observers. Inter-observer bias, observer-related variables, species distinctiveness and camera location are important considerations if camera trapping results are to be used for population estimates or biodiversity assessments.
I Am Not Just a Nurse: The Need for a Boundaried Ethic of Care in the Context of Prolific Relationality
Authors: Au Wee Chan , Stephens Siân 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Ethics of Care (EoC) theory has been widely applied in the field of management, and there is a growing consensus that it is important to recognise the value and practice of care in the workplace. In this paper, we consider the implications of the EoC at work, and in particular the risks unboundaried care demands may pose to employees who encounter unmanageable ‘calls to care’. We present findings from interviews with 27 nurses in Malaysia, which suggest that the demand to care at work, in addition to demands made in the non-work sphere, may be unmanageable. We argue for a more boundaried approach to the EoC at work with a view to ensuring that in valuing care we do not over-burden the carer.
Researching inequality in higher education: tracing changing conceptions and approaches over fifty years
Authors: Deem Rosemary , Case Jennifer M. , Nokkala Terhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFifty years ago, higher education globally had started to change radically in terms of the proportion of young people enrolled in the system as well as society’s expectations for what this would deliver. From the outset,Higher Educationhas featured research interrogating various aspects of inequality in higher education, including institutions and staff as well as students. This article offers an overview of that work. Our analysis is structured around three levels at which major questions on this topic have been framed and investigated. The macro level focuses on national systems and looks at widening participation, especially the increase in access to higher education for young people. The meso level mostly focuses on institutions and their engagement with organisational inequality. The micro level focuses on the lived experiences of academics, in this case focusing on gender and race. We adopted a thematic and purposive approach to article choice, ultimately selecting key papers for further illustrative analysis. In our analysis, we tracked changes in areas of empirical or other emphasis, the use of a variety of theoretical and epistemological frameworks and methods, policy recommendations, and the geographical locations of authors and their content. We noted a growing emphasis on intersectionality and a widening range of countries but also more critical analyses and suggestions for more radical changes in higher education systems.
Disentangling Language Disorder and Bilingualism in Children with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Writing
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwenty-eight Albanian-Greek bilingual children with Developmental Language Disorder and 28 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder but no language impairment, along with 28 typically-developing, age-, Performance IQ- and socioeconomic status-matched bilingual children were asked to produce two expository texts which were coded for spelling (phonological, grammatical, orthographic) errors, stress and punctuation use. The children’s expressive vocabulary, current language use and home language history were also measured. The results show that the bilingual children with Developmental Language Disorder were particularly vulnerable to spelling errors, while their bilingual peers with Autism Spectrum Disorder were rather challenged by stress and punctuation. The evidence speaks in favor of distinct patterns of writing impairment across the bilingual children with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Influence of stress on the electromechanical properties and the phase transitions of lead-free (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3
Authors: Gadelmawla Ahmed , Dobesh David , Eckstein Udo , Grübl Oliver , Ehmke Matthias , Cicconi Maria Rita , Khansur Neamul H. , de Ligny Dominique , Webber Kyle G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe influence of stress on the phase boundaries of polycrystalline lead-free perovskite (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) was characterized through the temperature- and stress-dependent small-signal dielectric and piezoelectric response from − 150 to 200 °C under uniaxial compressive stress up to − 75 MPa. For all three compositions, the phase transition temperatures separating the rhombohedral, orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases were shifted to higher temperatures with an increase in the uniaxial mechanical loading, corresponding to a significant decrease in the dielectric and piezoelectric responses. Additional stress-dependent relative permittivity measurements up to − 260 MPa were conducted at four different constant temperatures (− 10, 10, 25, and 40 °C), revealing significant increases in the dielectric response, making these materials interesting for tunable dielectric applications. Furthermore, the stress-induced shift in phase transition temperatures was confirmed by in situ combined temperature- and stress-dependent Raman spectroscopy measurements under different constant uniaxial loads within the temperature range from 30 to 130 °C.

Graphical abstract
Motivational consequences of counterfactual mindsets: Does counterfactual structure influence the use of conservative or risky tactics?
Authors: Winter Kevin , Epstude Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMotivational states are important determinants of human behavior. Regulatory focus theory suggests that a promotion focus stimulates risky behavior, whereas a prevention focus fosters conservative tactics. Previous research linked counterfactual structure with regulatory focus. Extending this work, we predicted that additive counterfactual mindsets (“If only I had…”) instigate risky tactics in subsequent situations, whereas subtractive counterfactual mindsets (“If only I had NOT…”) lead to conservative tactics. We tested this prediction and the underlying assumptions in four preregistered studies (total N = 803) and obtained consistent null results. Additive and subtractive counterfactual mindsets did not elicit different tactics – neither on behavioral nor on self-report measures – and they did not influence participants’ motivation compared to a neutral control condition. Likewise, our results put doubts on previous findings on counterfactuals and regulatory focus as well as regulatory focus and conservative or risky behavior. More general implications for research on counterfactuals and motivation are discussed.
The smart body concept as a demonstration of the overarching utility and benefits of 3D avatars in retail, health and wellbeing: an accuracy study of body measures from 3D reconstruction
Authors: Cimolin Veronica , Paraskevopoulos Ioannis Th. , Sala Maurizio , Tarabini Marco , Galli Manuela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent developments in 3D graphic technologies enable the affordable and precise reconstruction of body scanned models that can be applied in a variety of verticals, such as fashion, fitness and wellness, and healthcare. The accuracy of body measurements is a crucial element for the successful application of avatars in the following use cases: Avatars that go beyond visual representation and offer intrinsic and precise anthropometric data defined as a smart body are discussed in this paper. In particular, this paper presents the Gate technology, an innovative, autonomous, sustainable body scanner, coupled with an automatic production pipeline and the concept of avatars as smart bodies. We present an accuracy study of scanning technology for scanning inanimate objects, as well as body parts versus the ground, by using an established accuracy scanning system. The results appear to be promising and confirm the hypothesis of applying the technology to the use cases discussed as well as broadening the research to other studies and future applications.
CommuNety: deep learning-based face recognition system for the prediction of cohesive communities
Authors: Shah Syed Afaq Ali , Deng Weifeng , Cheema Muhammad Aamir , Bais Abdul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffective mining of social media, which consists of a large number of users is a challenging task. Traditional approaches rely on the analysis of text data related to users to accomplish this task. However, text data lacks significant information about the social users and their associated groups. In this paper, we propose CommuNety, a deep learning system for the prediction of cohesive networks using face images from photo albums. The proposed deep learning model consists of hierarchical CNN architecture to learn descriptive features related to each cohesive network. The paper also proposes a novel Face Co-occurrence Frequency algorithm to quantify existence of people in images, and a novel photo ranking method to analyze the strength of relationship between different individuals in a predicted social network. We extensively evaluate the proposed technique on PIPA dataset and compare with state-of-the-art methods. Our experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique for the prediction of relationship between different individuals and the cohesiveness of communities.
Adaptive cross approximation for Tikhonov regularization in general form
Authors: Mach T. , Reichel L. , Van Barel Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany problems in science and engineering give rise to linear integral equations of the first kind with a square integrable kernel. Discretization of the integral operator yields a matrix, whose singular values cluster at the origin. We describe the approximation of such matrices by adaptive cross approximation, which avoids forming the entire matrix. The choice of the number of steps of adaptive cross approximation is discussed. The discretized right-hand side represents data that commonly are contaminated by measurement error. Solution of the linear system of equations so obtained is not meaningful because the matrix determined by adaptive cross approximation is rank-deficient. We remedy this difficulty by using Tikhonov regularization and discuss how a fairly general regularization matrix can be used. Computed examples illustrate that the use of a regularization matrix different from the identity can improve the quality of the computed approximate solutions significantly.
Influence of Yttrium Doping on the Oxidation of Mo(Si,Al)2 in Air at 1500 °C
Authors: Edgren Aina , Johansson Lars-Gunnar , Ström Erik , Hörnqvist Colliander Magnus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMo(Si,Al)2 with different yttrium (Y) additions (up to 2 at.%) was synthesised by dry powder mixing followed by compaction and sintering. In as-sintered materials, Y was present as yttrium aluminium garnet. The materials were exposed in air at 1500 °C for up to 250 h to study the effect of Y on oxidation behaviour. The oxides formed were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based techniques and X-ray diffraction. While the Y-free Mo(Si,Al)2 formed a scale consisting of Al2O3 and a small amount of mullite, the Y-containing samples formed oxides containing both yttrium silicate and larger fractions of mullite, in addition to Al2O3. Oxidation rate, scale spallation, as well as the evaporation of Mo, all increased with Y addition.
The lived experience of remembering a ‘good’ interview: Micro-phenomenology applied to itself
Authors: Heimann Katrin , Boelsbjerg Hanne Bess , Allen Chris , van Beek Martijn , Suhr Christian , Lübbert Annika , Petitmengin Claire 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Micro-phenomenology is an interview and analysis method for investigating subjective experience. As a research tool, it provides detailed descriptions of brief moments of any type of subjective experience and offers techniques for systematically comparing them. In this article, we use an auto-ethnographic approach to present and explore the method. The reader is invited to observe a dialogue between two authors that illustrates and comments on the planning, conducting and analysis of a pilot series of five micro-phenomenological interviews. All these interviews asked experienced researchers of micro-phenomenology to browse their memories to identify one successful and one challenging instance of working with micro-phenomenology. The interview then focused on this reflective task to investigate whether applying the method to itself might reveal quality criteria. The article starts by presenting a shortened and edited version of the first of these interviews. Keeping the dialogue format, we then outline the micro-phenomenological analysis procedure by demonstrating its application to part of this data and corresponding passages of other interviews. We focus on one unexpected finding: interviewed researchers judge the quality of an interview in part based on a connection or contact between interviewer and interviewee. We discuss these results in the context of the means and intentions of the method and suggest avenues for future research.
How to explain the direction of time
Authors: Fernandes Alison 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReichenbach explains temporally asymmetric phenomena by appeal to entropy and ‘branch structure’. He explains why the entropic gradients of isolated subsystems are oriented towards the future and not the past, and why we have records of the past and not the future, by appeal to the fact that the universe is currently on a long entropic upgrade with subsystems that branch off and become quasi-isolated. Reichenbach’s approach has been criticised for relying too closely on entropy. The more popular approach nowadays is to appeal instead to aparticularlow-entropy initial state—Albert’s ‘Past Hypothesis’. I’ll argue that this neglect of Reichenbach’s approach is unwarranted. A Reichenbachian account has important advantages over Albert’s: it correctly identifies the minimal temporally asymmetric posit needed to derive key temporally asymmetries and it offers a more adequate account of the record asymmetry. While a Reichenbachian account needs to be supplemented, it provides the right foundations for explaining temporally asymmetric phenomena and what we might ultimately mean by ‘the direction of time’.
Atrial fibrosis identification with unipolar electrogram eigenvalue distribution analysis in multi-electrode arrays
Authors: Riccio Jennifer , Alcaine Alejandro , Rocher Sara , Martinez-Mateu Laura , Saiz Javier , Invers-Rubio Eric , Guillem Maria S. , Martínez Juan Pablo , Laguna Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrosis plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial fibrosis is typically identified by a peak-to-peak amplitude of bipolar electrograms (b-EGMs) lower than 0.5 mV, which may be considered as ablation targets. Nevertheless, this approach disregards signal spatiotemporal information and b-EGM sensitivity to catheter orientation. To overcome these limitations, we propose the dominant-to-remaining eigenvalue dominance ratio (EIGDR) of unipolar electrograms (u-EGMs) within neighbor electrode cliques as a waveform dispersion measure, hypothesizing that it is correlated with the presence of fibrosis. A simulated 2D tissue with a fibrosis patch was used for validation. We computed EIGDR maps from both original and time-aligned u-EGMs, denoted as$$\mathcal {R}$$Rand$$\mathcal{R}^{\mathcal{A}}$$RA, respectively, also mapping the gain in eigenvalue concentration obtained by the alignment,$$\Delta \mathcal{R}^{\mathcal{A}}$$ΔRA. The performance of each map in detecting fibrosis was evaluated in scenarios including noise and variable electrode-tissue distance. Best results were achieved by$$\mathcal{R}^{\mathcal{A}}$$RA, reaching 94% detection accuracy, versus the 86% of b-EGMs voltage maps. The proposed strategy was also tested in real u-EGMs from fibrotic and non-fibrotic areas over 3D electroanatomical maps, supporting the ability of the EIGDRs as fibrosis markers, encouraging further studies to confirm their translation to clinical settings.Graphical AbstractUpper panels: map of$$\mathcal {R}^{\mathcal {A}}$$RAfrom 3×3 cliques for Ψ= 0∘and bipolar voltage mapVb-m, performed assuming a variable electrode-to-tissue distance and noisy u-EGMs (noise levelσv= 46.4μV). Lower panels: detected fibrotic areas (brown), using the thresholds that maximize detection accuracy of each map