bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic Prediction and Signal Controlling Using Mode-search Optimization Based Deep Long Short Term Memory Classifier
Authors: Chauhan Shishir Singh , Kumar Dilip 
Published: December 2022

Aim: The research aims at developing a traffic prediction and signal controlling model based on deep learning technique in order to provide congestion-free transportation in Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Need for the Research: Recent technical advancements in the ITS, industrialization, and urbanization increase traffic congestion, which leads to high fuel consumption and health issues. This signifies the need for a dynamic traffic management system to handle the traffic congestion issues that negatively affect the transportation service. Methods: For promoting congestion-free transportation in the ITS, this research aims to devise a traffic prediction and control system based on deep learning techniques that effectively controls the traffic during peak hours. The proposed mode-search optimization effectively clusters the vehicles based on the necessity. In addition, the mode-search optimization tunes the optimal hyperparameters of the deep Long Short Term Memory classifier, which minimizes the training loss. Further, the traffic signal control system is developed through the mode-search-based deep LSTM classifier for predicting the path of the vehicles by analyzing the attributes, such as velocity, acceleration, jitter, and priority of the vehicles. Result: The experimental results evaluate the efficacy of the traffic prediction model in terms of quadratic mean of acceleration (QMA), jitter, standard deviation of travel time (SDTT), and throughput, for which the values are found to be 37.43, 0.23, 8.75, and 100 respectively. Achievements: The proposed method attains the performance improvement of 5% to 42% when compared with the conventional methods.
Use (and Abuse) of Ada 2022 Features in Designing a JSON-Like Data Structure
Authors: Mosteo Alejandro R. 
Published: December 2022

Ada 2022 introduces new features that enable more natural-looking initializations. On the one hand, it is now possible to use universal numbers and strings to initialize any private type; on the other hand, containers can be initialized directly without the explicit use of converting functions. Both features are enabled through new aspects that associate user-defined subprograms with the necessary initialization calls.
In this work, the possibility of using these new features is explored to define a container type that allows initializations using heterogeneous types, as is usual in textual formats for structured data such as JSON, TOML and YAML, and still without the need to resort to explicit conversion calls or "crutch" functions like the often-seen trick of overloading the "+" operator. Although this has proven ultimately avoidable, there is still the need to use qualifications in certain circumstances.
Efficacy and Synergy with Cisplatin of an Adenovirus Vectored Therapeutic E1E2E6E7 Vaccine against HPV Genome–Positive C3 Cancers in Mice
Authors: Boilesen Ditte Rahbæk , Neckermann Patrick , Willert Torsten , Müller Mikkel Dons , Schrödel Silke , Pertl Cordula , Thirion Christian , Asbach Benedikt , Wagner Ralf , Holst Peter Johannes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. As prophylactic vaccines have no curative effect, an efficient therapy would be highly desired. Most therapeutic vaccine candidates target only a small subset of HPV regulatory proteins, namely, E6 and E7, and are therefore restricted in the breadth of their immune response. However, research has suggested E1 and E2 as promising targets to fight HPV+ cancer. Here, we report the design of adenoviral vectors efficiently expressing HPV16 E1 and E2 in addition to transformation-deficient E6 and E7. Vaccination elicited vigorous CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against all encoded HPV16 proteins in outbred mice and against E1 and E7 in C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic vaccination of C3 tumor-bearing mice led to significantly reduced tumor growth and enhanced survival for both small and established tumors. Tumor biopsies revealed increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in treated mice. Cisplatin enhanced the effect of therapeutic vaccination, accompanied by enhanced infiltration of dendritic cells into the tumor. CD8+ T cells were identified as effector cells in T-cell depletion assays, seemingly under regulation by FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells. Finally, therapeutic vaccination with Ad-Ii-E1E2E6E7 exhibited significantly enhanced survival compared with vaccination with two peptides each harboring a known E6/E7 epitope. We hypothesize that this difference could be due to the induction of additional T-cell responses against E1. These results support the use of this novel vaccine candidate targeting an extended set of antigens (Ad-Ii-E1E2E6E7), in combination with cisplatin, as an advanced strategy to combat HPV+ cancers.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Clinical Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Crousillat Daniela R. , Amponsah Daniel K. , Camacho Alexander , Kandanelly Ritvik R. , Bapat Devavrat , Chen Chen , Selberg Alexandra , Shaqdan Ayman , Tanguturi Varsha K. , Picard Michael H. , Hung Judy W. , Elmariah Sammy 
Published: December 2022

Background
Racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented among patients undergoing aortic valve replacement in the United States. We evaluated the impact of race and ethnicity on the diagnosis of aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods and Results

In patients with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)‐confirmed AS, we assessed rates of AS diagnosis as defined by assignment of an
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9)
and
Tenth Revision (ICD‐10)
code for AS within a large multicenter electronic health record. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard and competing risk regression models were used to evaluate the 1‐year rate of AS diagnosis by race and ethnicity. Among 14 800 patients with AS, the 1‐year diagnosis rate for AS following TTE was 37.4%. Increasing AS severity was associated with an increased likelihood of receiving an AS diagnosis (moderate: hazard ratio [HR], 3.05 [95% CI, 2.86–3.25];
P
<0.0001; severe: HR, 4.82 [95% CI, 4.41–5.28];
P
<0.0001). Compared with non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54–0.77];
P
<0.0001) and non‐Hispanic Asian individuals (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57–0.90],
P
=0.004) were less likely to receive a diagnosis of AS. Additional factors associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving an AS diagnosis included a noncardiology TTE ordering provider (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86–0.97];
P
=0.005) and TTE performed in the inpatient setting (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.78];
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Rates of receiving an
ICD
diagnostic code for AS following a diagnostic TTE are low and vary significantly by race and ethnicity and disease severity. Further studies are needed to determine if efforts to maximize the clinical recognition of TTE‐confirmed AS may help to mitigate disparities in treatment.
N
‐nitrosodimethylamine‐Contaminated Valsartan and Risk of Cancer: A Nationwide Study of 1.4 Million Valsartan Users
Authors: Mansouri Imène , Botton Jeremie , Semenzato Laura , Haddy Nadia , Zureik Mahmoud 
Published: December 2022

Background

Since July 2018, numerous lots of valsartan have been found to be contaminated with
N
‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We aimed to assess the association between exposure to valsartan products contaminated with NDMA and the risk of cancer.

Methods and Results
This study was based on data from the Système National des Données de Santé, which is a national database that includes all French residents' health‐related expenses. The target population was consumers of valsartan between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, aged between 40 and 80 years old. The association of exposure to contaminated valsartan with the occurrence of any malignancy and cancer by location was evaluated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models weighted by the inverse probability of treatment. A total of 1.4 million subjects without any history of cancer were included. A total of 986 126 and 670 388 patients were exposed to NDMA‐contaminated and uncontaminated valsartan, respectively. The use of the NDMA‐contaminated valsartan did not increase the overall risk of cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98–1.0]). However, exposed patients had a higher risk of liver cancer (aHR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.22]) and melanoma (aHR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18]). We estimated a mean of 3.7 and 5.8 extra cases per year per 100 000 person‐years of liver cancer and melanoma, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study was the largest to date to examine cancer risks associated with exposure to NDMA‐contaminated valsartan. Our findings suggest a slight increased risk of liver cancer and melanoma in patients exposed to NDMA in regularly taken medications.
PVECs‐Derived Exosomal microRNAs Regulate PASMCs via FoxM1 Signaling in IUGR‐induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Luo Xiaofei , Hang Chengcheng , Zhang Ziming , Le Kaixing , Ying Yuhan , Lv Ying , Yan Lingling , Huang Yajie , Ye Lixia , Xu Xuefeng , Zhong Ying , Du Lizhong 
Published: December 2022

Background
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is closely related to systemic or pulmonary hypertension (PH) in adulthood. Aberrant crosstalk between pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that is mediated by exosomes plays an essential role in the progression of PH. FoxM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a key transcription factor that governs many important biological processes.

Methods and Results
IUGR‐induced PH rat models were established. Transwell plates were used to coculture PVECs and PASMCs. Exosomes were isolated from PVEC‐derived medium, and a microRNA (miRNA) screening was proceeded to identify effects of IUGR on small RNAs enclosed within exosomes. Dual‐Luciferase assay was performed to validate the predicted binding sites of miRNAs on FoxM1 3’ untranslated region. FoxM1 inhibitor thiostrepton was used in IUGR‐induced PH rats. In this study, we found that FoxM1 expression was remarkably increased in IUGR‐induced PH, and PASMCs were regulated by PVECs through FoxM1 signaling in a non‐contact way. An miRNA screening showed that miR‐214‐3p, miR‐326‐3p, and miR‐125b‐2‐3p were downregulated in PVEC‐derived exosomes of the IUGR group, which were associated with overexpression of FoxM1 and more significant proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Dual‐Luciferase assay demonstrated that the 3 miRNAs directly targeted FoxM1 3’ untranslated region. FoxM1 inhibition blocked the PVECs‐PASMCs crosstalk and reversed the abnormal functions of PASMCs. In vivo, treatment with thiostrepton significantly reduced the severity of PH.

Conclusions
Transmission of exosomal miRNAs from PVECs regulated the functions of PASMCs via FoxM1 signaling, and FoxM1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in IUGR‐induced PH.
Association Between Stroke Presentation During Off‐Hours and Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Navi Babak B. , Mir Saad , Parikh Neal S. , Liberman Ava L. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: December 2022

Background
Access to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the United States remains limited. Given potential staffing challenges, we hypothesized that access to thrombectomy would be worse off hours.

Methods
We used 2016 to 2018 all‐payer claims data from all nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals across 11 US states encompassing 80 million residents. Using recorded arrival times, hospital presentation was classified as on hours if it fell between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and as off hours otherwise. We examined the association between off‐hours arrival and MT using multiple adjusted logistic regression models. In a subset of patients with available National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale data, we performed a sensitivity analysis limited to patients who presented to a thrombectomy hub with a probable large‐vessel occlusion, defined as a documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12, and underwent intravenous thrombolysis. Similar analyses were performed to assess MT odds during extreme off hours, defined as midnight to 6:00 a.m., compared to 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.

Results

Among 169 199 patients with ischemic stroke, the 82 784 (48.9%) who presented during off hours more often presented to thrombectomy hubs and teaching hospitals and more often received intravenous thrombolysis. Among 31 148 patients with documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, those presenting off hours had higher scores (4 [interquartile range, 2–10] versus 2 [interquartile range, 1–9];
P
<0.001). There were no differences between groups in rates of MT (3.4% on hours versus 3.5% off hours;
P
=0.25). In adjusted models, off‐hours presentation was not significantly associated with lower odds of MT (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; [95% CI, 0.85–1.03]). Our findings were similar in a sensitivity analysis limited to patients with a probable large‐vessel occlusion who initially presented to a thrombectomy hub and underwent intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 0.87; [95% CI, 0.69–1.09]). Extreme off‐hours presentation was associated with a lower likelihood of MT (OR, 0.83; [95% CI, 0.75–0.93]).

Conclusion
In a large, population‐based sample of ischemic stroke patients across the United States, the odds of MT were similar during on and off hours. Extreme off hours seem to be associated with decreased access to treatment.
Association Between Race and Length of Stay Among Stroke Patients: The National US Emergency Departments Data Set
Authors: Patel Karan , Taneja Kamil , Wolfe Jared , Campellone Joseph V. , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Siegler James E. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThere remain ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in care and outcomes among stroke patients treated in the United States. However, length of stay and inpatient charges warrant further evaluation.MethodsThe 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, which includes data from roughly 20% of US emergency departments, was queried for patients with cerebral infarction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of prolonged length of hospital stay (>75th percentile) and inpatient charges among various race andethnic groups, including income and insurance status, age, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, vascular risk factors, and delivery of thrombolysis and thrombectomy.ResultsOf 617 946 estimated patients with acute ischemic stroke, 398 661 (65.5%) were >65 years, and 386 096 (63.5%) were Medicare beneficiaries. Lower income and Medicaid or self‐pay status were more commonly observed in Black and Hispanic versus White patients (P<0.001). In multivariable regression, Black patients were more likely to have a prolonged length of stay (odds ratio 1.41, [95% CI 1.28–1.55]) compared with White patients. Prolonged length of stay was inversely related to income, but there was no significant interaction between race and income bracket (P>0.05). Prolonged length of stay was also associated with Medicaid (versus Medicare), higher modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy (P<0.05). Race was not independently associated with higher inpatient charges.ConclusionThese results build on prior population‐based studies that indicate ongoing disparities in stroke care based on differences in socioeconomic status and race, but no difference in inpatient charges. Disposition delays may be due to clinical severity or access to rehabilitation facilities.
Out of the Gate, But Not Necessarily Teaching: A Descriptive Portrait of Early Career Earnings for Those Who Are Credentialed to Teach
Authors: Goldhaber Dan , Krieg John M. , Liddle Stephanie , Theobald Roddy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior work on teacher candidates in Washington State has shown that about two thirds of individuals who trained to become teachers between 2005 and 2015 and received a teaching credential did not enter the state's public teaching workforce immediately after graduation, while about one third never entered a public teaching job in the state at all. In this analysis, we link data on these teacher candidates to unemployment insurance data in the state to provide a descriptive portrait of the future earnings and wages of these individuals inside and outside of public schools. Candidates who initially became public school teachers earned considerably more, on average, than candidates who were initially employed either in other education positions or in other sectors of the state's workforce. These differences persisted ten years into the average career and across transitions into and out of teaching. There is therefore little evidence that teacher candidates who did not become teachers were lured into other professions by higher compensation. Instead, the patterns are consistent with demand-side constraints on teacher hiring during this time period that resulted in individuals who wanted to become teachers taking positions that offered lower wages but could lead to future teaching positions.
Independency of Coding for Affective Similarities and for Word Co-occurrences in Temporal Perisylvian Neocortex
Authors: Liuzzi Antonietta Gabriella , Meersmans Karen , Storms Gerrit , De Deyne Simon , Dupont Patrick , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Word valence is one of the principal dimensions in the organization of word meaning. Co-occurrence-based similarities calculated by predictive natural language processing models are relatively poor at representing affective content, but very powerful in their own way. Here, we determined how these two canonical but distinct ways of representing word meaning relate to each other in the human brain both functionally and neuroanatomically. We re-analysed an fMRI study of word valence. A co-occurrence-based model was used and the correlation with the similarity of brain activity patterns was compared to that of affective similarities. The correlation between affective and co-occurrence-based similarities was low (r = 0.065), confirming that affect was captured poorly by co-occurrence modelling. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, word embedding similarities correlated significantly with the similarity between activity patterns in a region confined to the superior temporal sulcus to the left, and to a lesser degree to the right. Affective word similarities correlated with the similarity in activity patterns in this same region, confirming previous findings. The affective similarity effect extended more widely beyond the superior temporal cortex than the effect of co-occurrence-based similarities did. The effect of co-occurrence-based similarities remained unaltered after partialling out the effect of affective similarities (and vice versa). To conclude, different aspects of word meaning, derived from affective judgements or from word co-occurrences, are represented in superior temporal language cortex in a neuroanatomically overlapping but functionally independent manner.
Zipfian Distributions in Child-Directed Speech
Authors: Lavi-Rotbain Ori , Arnon Inbal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Across languages, word frequency and rank follow a power law relation, forming a distribution known as the Zipfian distribution. There is growing experimental evidence that this well-studied phenomenon may be beneficial for language learning. However, most investigations of word distributions in natural language have focused on adult-to-adult speech: Zipf’s law has not been thoroughly evaluated in child-directed speech (CDS) across languages. If Zipfian distributions facilitate learning, they should also be found in CDS. At the same time, several unique properties of CDS may result in a less skewed distribution. Here, we examine the frequency distribution of words in CDS in three studies. We first show that CDS is Zipfian across 15 languages from seven language families. We then show that CDS is Zipfian from early on (six-months) and across development for five languages with sufficient longitudinal data. Finally, we show that the distribution holds across different parts of speech: Nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions follow a Zipfian distribution. Together, the results show that the input children hear is skewed in a particular way from early on, providing necessary (but not sufficient) support for the postulated learning advantage of such skew. They highlight the need to study skewed learning environments experimentally.
The Varying Earth’s Radiative Feedback Connected to the Ocean Energy Uptake: A Theoretical Perspective from Conceptual Frameworks
Authors: Jiménez-de-la-Cuesta Diego 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When quadrupling the atmospheric CO2 concentration in relation to preindustrial levels, most global climate models show an initially strong net radiative feedback that significantly reduces the energy imbalance during the first two decades after the quadrupling. Afterward, the net radiative feedback weakens, needing more surface warming than before to reduce the remaining energy imbalance. Such weakening radiative feedback has its origin in the tropical oceanic stratiform cloud cover, linked to an evolving spatial warming pattern. In the classic linearized energy balance framework, such variation is represented by an additional term in the planetary budget equation. This additional term is usually interpreted as an ad hoc emulation of the cloud feedback change, leaving unexplained the relationship between this term and the spatial warming pattern. I use a simple nonlinearized energy balance framework to justify that there is a physical interpretation of this term: the evolution of the spatial pattern of warming is explained by changes in the ocean’s circulation and energy uptake. Therefore, the global effective thermal capacity of the system also changes, leading to the additional term. In reality, the clouds respond to what occurs in the ocean, changing their radiative effect. In the equation, the term is now a concrete representation of the ocean’s role. Additionally, I derive for the first time an explicit mathematical expression of the net radiative feedback and its temporal evolution in the linearized energy balance framework. This mathematical expression supports the new proposed interpretation. As a corollary, it justifies the 20-yr time scale used to study the variation of the net radiative feedback.

Significance Statement
Linearized energy balance models have helped the study of Earth’s radiative response. However, the present linear models are at the edge of usefulness to get more insights. In this work, I justify that part of the nonlinearity in the radiative response can be explained without peculiar atmospheric radiative feedback mechanisms or a nonlinearity in the radiative response. Instead, the concept of an evolving thermal capacity recovers the ocean’s role in redistributing the energy, changing the spatial warming pattern, and, finally, altering the atmospheric feedback mechanisms. This work also justifies the time scales used in the field for studying the variation of the net radiative feedback.