bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress on the development of key technologies for the fourth generation ECR ion source FECR
Authors: Sun L , Lu W. , Zhao H.W. , Guo J. W. , Wu W. , Wu B. M. , Ou X.J. , Mei E. M. , Zheng S.J. , Zhang X. Z. , Li L.B. , Zhu L. , Xin C. J. , Guan M.Z. , Chen Y. Q. , Wang X. D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A 4th generation ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion source FECR (First 4th generation ECR ion source) is under development at IMP. Aiming to be operated with the microwave power of 20 kW at 45 GHz, FECR is equipped with a fully superconducting Nb3Sn magnet and conventional parts durable for high power ECR plasma heating and optimum for intense beam production and extraction. Breakthroughs on the Nb3Sn superconducting magnet, high power density plasma chamber, high temperature oven, and so on have been successfully demonstrated recently. The prototype Nb3Sn cold mass has been successfully tested. The plasma chamber with an innovative structure of micro-channel cooling structure has been tested which enables SECRAL-II ion source operated continuously for more than 1,100 hours with ∼300 eμA Kr26+ for routine operation at the microwave power level of ∼5 kW. A high temperature inductive heating oven has also been developed and used for intense uranium beam production. This talk will present the recent progress on the development of key technologies for the 4th generation ECR ion source.
Numerical Design of RF Antennas for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating in ECRIS Environment
Authors: Mauro G. S. , Torrisi G. , Pidatella A. , Galatá A. , Mascali D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present the numerical design and simulation of RF antennas to be employed in Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) systems working in ECRIS environment. A 3D full-wave numerical model, based on the coupling between COMSOL FEM solution of Maxwell equations and the MATLAB-computed non-homogeneous plasma dielectric tensor, has been employed in order to study the performances of several ICRH antennas. Results in terms of S-parameters, on-axis electric field and RF absorbed power inside the plasma chamber have been obtained and compared between the chosen antenna geometries. The presented study will permit to better understand the fundamental aspects of ion dynamics in ECRISs as well as allowing the design of a proper matching network between the RF amplifier and the antenna, necessary to cope with the plasma properties’ fast variations. Further ion kinetic simulations are ongoing.
Design and first operations of a ECR based He source at INFN-LNS
Authors: Mazzaglia M. , Amato A.S. , Battiato G. , Calabrese G. , Celona L. , Cosentino L. G. , Dantoni L. , Gammino S. , Manno G. , Marletta S. , Massara A. , Maugeri A. , Mauro G. S. , Miraglia A. , Naselli E. , Passarello S. , Pidatella A. , Piscopo M. , Russo A. D. , Seminara A. , Siliato D. , Torrisi G. , Tudisco D. , Vecchio G. , Vinciguerra S. , Mascali D. , Galatá A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A new source for the TANDEM accelerator of LNS has been designed and installed. It is called NESTOR (Noble Elements Source for acceleraTORs) and consists of an ultra-compact ECR microwave discharge type ion source [1] operating around 6 GHz and up to 40 W of RF power, provided by a solid state power amplifier, coupled to a Li-Charge Exchange Cell (Li-CEC). It is engineered for the production of a wide range of 1+ and/or 1- ion beams from gaseous elements, in particular for noble gases. This work presents the characterization of the primary source and first operations of the whole setup on the HV platform (injector) of the Tandem. The He+ beams have been formerly characterized in terms of current, beam shape (by BaF2 beam viewers) and emittance (by the three-gradients method). Measurements have been carried out varying pressure, microwave frequency and RF power. Then, the source has been moved to the HV platform, coupled to the Li-CEC for first operations running in gas-exchange mode. Activities are ongoing to optimize beam transport towards the Tandem.
Study on influence on plasma under current-generated magnetic filter using Langmuir probe in HUST negative ion source
Authors: Yang Jinghan , Li Dong , Chen Peng , Li Zengshan , Zhang Yubo , Chen Dezhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current-generated magnetic filter is widely used in negative ion sources to bring down electron temperature and optimize source operation. The effect of the current-generated magnetic filter on plasma generation and transport is important. The axial distribution of cesium-free plasma parameters under different magnetic filter configurations was measured by a movable Langmuir probe at HUST negative ion source. Abnormal changes of plasma parameters are discovered at the driver exit. When the magnetic filter field penetrates into the driver, plasma density inside the driver increase, and the high-density high-temperature region of plasma expands outside of the driver. And the radiofrequency power coupling is also influenced by the magnetic filter. These experimental phenomena indicate that a new magnetic filter configuration is required to optimize source operation.
H- ion source operational performance and latest development at the Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Han Baoxi , Stockli Martin , Welton Robert , Piller Chip , Murray Syd , Pennisi Terry , Stinson Chris , Kim Sang-Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the world’s most powerful accelerator-driven pulsed neutron source. An H- injector feeds the accelerator with high current (>50 mA), time structured (1ms, 60 Hz) H- beam. The injector consists of an RF-driven, Cs-enhanced H- ion source and an electrostatic low energy beam transport section. In the recent three run cycles, an H- ion source operated ∼4 months for each run with excellent availability near 99.9%. The presently ongoing run is also on track to finish another ∼4 months run with similar high availability. Lately, we have tested a solid-state RF system for the ion source to replace the existing vacuum-tube type RF amplifier for the sake of improving the ease of operation and maintenance. Progress has also been made on the continued development of an external antenna RF H- ion source with a focus on improvement to its plasma ignition scheme.
Charge Breeder at GANIL: metal charge-bred elements
Authors: Maunoury L. , Dubois M. , Damoy S. , Bajeat O. , Chauveau P. , Delahaye P. , Frigot R. , Hormigos S. , Jardin P. , Thomas J.C. , Tarvainen O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The charge breeder of the SPIRAL1 (SP1CB) facility provided this year to physicists new Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) for experiments and machine development, showing significantly improved performances compared to those obtained during the initial on-line commissioning of the SPIRAL 1 upgraded facility [1]. These improved performances were obtained thanks to thorough studies conducted off-line with 1+ ion beams produced by FEBIAD and ECR ion sources, successfully demonstrating the ability to couple SP1CB with them. In particular, the SP1CB established its capability to efficiently boost condensable elements such as 19Fn+, 32Sn+ and 54Fen+, in addition to more standard alkali elements. The charge breeding efficiencies have been investigated varying several parameters: buffer gas, beam transverse emittances. The ΔV curves of stable elements as well as radioactive ones were recorded for high charge states. Their trends are discussed in more detail. Finally, as molecular beams provide some advantages compared to atomic ion beams for selecting isobaric species and optimizing transport of the radioactive elements from the hot production target to the SP1CB plasma, we discuss if the charge-breeding efficiencies could also take advantage of beams in the molecular form. The performances of the 1+/N+ charge-breeding process were investigated using SF6 molecules broken into SFx
1+ ions and compared to regular F1+ and S1+ ions. This contribution will deal with these topics and latest results will be showed.
First beams from the 1+ source of the ADIGE injector for the SPES Project
Authors: Galatà A , Francescon P , Roncolato C , Bisoffi G , Ballan M , Bellan L , Bermudez J , Bortolato D , Comunian M , Conte A , Lazzari M De , Fagotti E , Gelain F , Manzolaro M , Marcato D , Martinelli V , Miglioranza M , Moisio M F , Monetti A , Munaron E , Pisent A , Rossignoli M , Roetta M , Savarese G , Scarpa D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ADIGE (Acceleratore Di Ioni a Grande carica Esotici) injector consists of an electrostatic 1+ beam line, equipped with ion sources able to produce a wide variety of beams, coupled to a magnetic beam line, where charge multiplication is accomplished by implementing an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) based charge breeder. The injector is totally integrated in the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) beam line, to allow the post-acceleration of radioactive ions and is now in an advanced phase of installation. The electrostatic 1+beam line has been put into operation and is now producing beams from alkali metals. This contribution concerns the first results of the beam commissioning of this part of the injector, with the description of the initial debug phase and the solutions adopted to ensure a reliable and continuous operation. Preliminary results of the 1+ beam line characterization will be shown, with a comparison between simulated and measured emittances.
Preliminary results of positive ion mass spectrometry based on a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source and a non-metallic gas target
Authors: Li K. , Peng S.X. , Ma T. H. , Wu W.B. , Jiang Y. X. , Cui B.J. , Zhang A. L. , Sun J. , Guo Z. Y. , Chen J. E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Positive-ion mass spectrometry (PIMS) is a positive-to-negative ion conversion metrology that just operated on the opposite of traditional accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on high-precision radiocarbon dating. With a higher efficient simple structure plasma ion sources instead of AMS sputter ion sources, lower ion energy (tens keV) in place of MeV, and limited footprint facility, PIMS will be a powerful competitor to AMS in the future. To precisely measure 14C, interference of molecular isobars (such as 12CH2, 13CH) will be eliminated with higher charged ions (charge state ≥ 3; molecular cations 12CH2
2+ is metastable, can be eliminated by higher stripping pressure.), nitrogen will be eliminated inside the charge-exchange cell (CXC) through charge exchanging with target gas. To demonstrate the probability of PIMS with a 2.45 GHz ECR ion source, an experiment was launched at Peking University (PKU). A compact permanent magnet 2.45 GHz ECR ion source is designed to produce carbon ions from CO2. A CXC unit was installed after the extraction system and ethylene is chosen as charge exchange gas. Preliminary experiments prove that more than hundreds of microamp of C2+ beam can be produced with this ECR source. By injecting ethylene into CXC, several microamp C- beam was detected and the C2+ ions charge exchange efficiency to C- ions can reach close to 5%.
Electron gun producing beams with controllable current density
Authors: Pikin Alexander , Bencini Vittorio , Pahl Hannes , Wenander Fredrik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The existing Brillouin-type electron gun at the TwinEBIS test bench is, according to Herrmann theory, capable of producing an electron beam with a current density of 3850 A/cm2 in the 2 T solenoid. To control the electron beam current density and the magnetic flux inside the beam, the existing electron gun - now using purely electrostatic focusing - can be modified by permitting magnetic flux to reach the cathode. In such a configuration, the stabilizing magnetic flux inside the electron beam can be controlled by changing the current in the magnet coil surrounding the cathode. The radial oscillations of the electron beam, resulting from the increased magnetic field on the cathode, can be significantly reduced by employing a non-adiabatic magnetic field near the electron gun. This method has been recently developed and successfully used at REXEBIS at CERN. We present the computer simulations of such electro-optical system.
Analysis and Research on the Current Status of Thermal Oxidation Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids
Authors: Guo Linyuan , Dai Qiang , Feng Shichun , Kong Dexin , Jin Dong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article introduces the concept and important role of the thermal oxidation stability of the key indicators of organic heat transfer fluids, investigates the current qualified and effective organic heat transfer fluids products suitable for open and closed systems or only the proportion of closed systems, and summarizes the data of ten kinds of organic heat transfer fluids products with unqualified thermal oxidation stability were analyzed. Many enterprises still use a open system for saving one-time investment and greet convenience, strict control of the thermal oxidation stability of the organic heat transfer fluids is particularly important for the organic heat transfer fluids to be used in an open or closed system. The thermal oxidation stability of the organic heat transfer fluids has a direct and important influence on the open or closed type of the organic heat transfer fluids boiler and system, and it is directly related to the safety, environmental protection and operation of the organic heat transfer fluids boiler and system.
Optimal configuration of P2H in integrated energy system based on sequential production simulation
Authors: Han Zijiao , Ge Yanfeng , Dong Henan , Wang Liang , Li Mingzhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the ability of the integrated energy system to accept renewable energy, the electricity-to-hydrogen will be connected to the grid as a flexible resource. This article evaluates the value of various scenarios where electricity-to-hydrogen is used as a flexible resource. First, this paper sorts out the structure of the integrated energy system, establishes a mathematical model, and then establishes a value evaluation system for converting wind power to hydrogen to analyze the economic cost and benefit of the system. Through comparison, a brief analysis and estimation of the economics of each scene are carried out. Finally, through EnergyPLAN software for simulation, this paper takes an ecological town in Northeast China as an example, considering the typical days in winter and summer to analyze the load characteristics of the area and analyze the economic costs of each mode. The calculation example shows that a reasonable configuration of the capacity of the electricity-to-hydrogen device can achieve better economic benefits and promote the consumption of renewable energy.
Research on Electric Field Distribution and Voltage Equalization Characteristics of Tensile Insulator Strings in 750kV Substation
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Zhang Xu , Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Huijun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the design process of the 750kV substation, the design of insulator strings is an important part. The design of insulator strings needs to ensure that the voltage borne by each insulator does not exceed its maximum voltage, the surface electric field strength does not exceed the discharge field strength, and the maximum economic benefits can be achieved simultaneously. In this paper, finite element calculation software is used to study the electric field distribution and voltage distribution of tensile insulator strings in 750kV substations. The relationship between the depth of the grading ring into the insulator string, the diameter of the grading ring, the diameter of the grading ring and the electric field distribution and voltage distribution of the insulator string is studied, and the recommended size of the grading ring for the 750kV insulator string is proposed to reduce the surface electric field strength of insulator strings and improve the voltage distribution of each piece of insulators. The research results have been applied to the 750kV substation designed by our institute.
Research on Weak Node Power Flow Calculation and Voltage and Reactive Power Compensation of Off Grid Microgrid
Authors: Wen Ming , li Li , Hu Hai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The voltage stability control of off grid microgrid is the key and core issue of power grid stability. Aiming at the problem of voltage stability control of off grid microgrid with unbalanced nodes, the Newton Raphson homotopy algorithm is proposed to calculate the power flow, estimate the reactive power margin of each load node, and adopt reactive power supply droop compensation control for weak nodes to improve the voltage stability level. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of this method.
Identifying Topology of Low Voltage Systems via Incorporating Measurement Correlations
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The management of intelligent power distribution systems is limited due to the lack of observability in low voltage (LV) systems. Ambiguous logical relations among branch units, topological unavailability of consumers increase the difficulty of topology identification (TI). To solve this problem, a three-step framework is proposed via measurement correlations. The first step applies correlations of active power features to identify the up-down and parallel, and phase connection of branch units; the second step specially calculates active power correlations between segments and non-vacant consumers, determines the phase connections, and identifies the connected lines of non-vacant consumers; the third step associates vacant consumers with non-vacant consumers by voltage profiles. Finally, robustness against errors and sample sizes is explored, and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify the LV topology based on limited samples of voltage magnitude and active power.
Preparation of Indium Tin Oxide Nanowires by Using physical-vapor-transport method
Authors: Cui Yang , Zhao Songqing , Xie Xuan , Liu Jun , Shi Hongjie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a physical-vapor-transport method for the growth of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) nanowires. ITO nanowires were successfully fabricated by physical vapor transport method using gold nanoparticles as catalyst prepared by two methods. The effects of holding temperature and catalyst on the growth of ITO nanowires were investigated. The experimental results show that the longer ITO nanowires can be grown by increasing the holding temperature at 850 °C, increasing the proportion of carbon powder, and using gold nanoparticles catalyst with smaller particle size. The longest ITO nanowire we fabricated is as long as 45 μm. Our experiments show that the density and diameter of ITO nanowires can be controlled by controlling the density and diameter of gold nanoparticle catalysts. The smaller the nanoparticle diameter is, the easier it is to grow long ITO nanowires.
Risk assessment of power transmission and transformation projects based on hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS method
Authors: Lu Weiyun , Shi Songfeng , Han Dong , Ma Jian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the large investment, long construction period, and extensive coverage of power grid engineering projects, it is common for project settlement and completion acceptance to lag behind. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the reasonable control of the cost of power grid enterprises to do a good job in the transfer of power transmission and transformation projects in a timely manner and avoid the risk of transfer. Combining the current status of capital transfer in power transmission and transformation projects, and relying on the identification of key points of capital transfer in different construction stages of power transmission and transformation projects, this paper innovatively proposes a risk index system for capital transfer, and further uses the analytic hierarchy process to determine the index weights, and then uses the fuzzy TOPSIS method to construct an evaluation The model can realize the effective assessment of capital transfer risk, which can provide reference and support for improving the efficiency of capital transfer of power transmission and transformation projects in an all-round way. Finally, the operability and scientificity of the evaluation index system and evaluation method are verified by the form of an example.
The effect of lubricating oil temperature on the stability of rubbing rotor-bearing system
Authors: Huang Zhenyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on the interaction between oil film force and rub impact force of fault rotor bearing system, the nonlinear dynamic equation of rotor bearing system is established to explore the influence of lubricating oil temperature on system stability. The Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the dynamic equations to analyze the steady-state characteristics of the system. The bifurcation diagrams, frequency-waterfall diagrams, time-series diagrams, axis orbit diagrams, poincare map diagrams, frequency spectra dia-grams of the system at oil temperatures of 0 ° C, 40 ° C, 80 ° C were used to reveal the nonlinear behavior of the system. The results show that the temperature mainly affects the speed and amplitude of the oil whirl. When the speed increases to oil whirl, the vibration of the system is mainly oil whirl.
Measurement and calculation method of substation grounding system parameters based on CDEGS
Authors: Hu Yuan , Wu Peng , Gong Fangchao , Cao Jin , Xu Xiaolin , Zhang Shuai , Wang Ning , Li Yan , Zhao Penghui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Indoor substations are often located in areas with intensive power consumption, and its grounding design has become a very important task. In this paper, the whole process of grounding design is studied from the grounding resistance measurement obtained in the early geological exploration to the final grounding resistance, touch voltage and step voltage verification to ensure the accuracy of the design. According to the design parameters of grounding performance, the simulation calculation based on CDEGS software is adopted and optimized, which improves the design accuracy. Taking a 110kV actual substation as an example, the simulation results are accurate and reliable, which shows that the research method of grounding design based on CDEGS software can effectively improve the design quality.
Research on transient dynamic behavior and stress of reciprocating compressor valve under air volume regulation
Authors: Shu Yue , Xiao Jun , Liu Zhilong , Li Fengyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By establishing the motion equation of the air valve under the condition of air volume adjustment, the motion law of the air valve in the process of expansion, compression, suction and exhaust of the reciprocating compressor under different loads is calculated, and the reciprocating compressor with stepless air volume adjustment is used. The compressor unit verifies the calculation results. The maximum stress of the valve plate under different loads is analyzed, and the results show that in the ideal state where the fork pressure disappears instantaneously, the adjustment method of the partial stroke pressure opening suction valve has a greater influence on the stress concentration of the valve plate than the normal condition; in the partial stroke pressure opening suction valve adjustment method, the free retraction speed and stress of the valve plate will increase as the compressor load decreases.