bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical comparison of screw vs. cerclage refixation in orthogeriatric lesser trochanteric fractures: a cadaveric study
Authors: Linhart Christoph , Kistler Manuel , Woiczinski Matthias , Neudeck Rouven , Kassube Matthias , Böcker Wolfgang , Ehrnthaller Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Osteoporosis-related proximal femur fractures continue to increase significantly due to demographic change. This study was designed to evaluate the biomechanical stability of two different fixation methods (cerclage vs. screw) for refixation of a trochanter minor fragment in the pertrochanteric fractures in cadaveric bones.

Methods
Artificial bones (n = 14) and human bones (n = 16) were treated with a DHS and the trochanter minor fragment was reduced by cerclage wiring or direct screw fixation. After preloading the simulated iliopsoas with 10 N, a tensile test was performed, ending with either a 70% loss of strength or avulsion of the fragment. The mean values of the avulsion force and the surface strain were recorded.

Results
All tensile tests showed no significant differences between refixation using a direct screw or wire cerclage, for both artificial bones and human specimens. Absolute values showed higher avulsion forces after direct screw fixation than refixation with a wire cerclage. The surface tension of specimens treated with direct screw fixation was lower than that of specimens treated with wire cerclage. An opposite effect was seen in artificial bones. Both effects were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Based on the equal stability after lag screw placement compared to cerclage wiring, we promote the placement of a lag screw into the lesser trochanter fragment in pertrochanteric femur fractures when using a dynamic hip screw.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Potenzieller Einfluss der Reizschwellenhöhe des nozizeptiven Flexorenreflex (NFRT) auf die Mortalitäts- und Delirinzidenz beim kritisch kranken Patienten: eine retrospektive Kohortenanalyse
Authors: Schick B. , Schmid S. , Mayer B. , Wagner D. , Walter S. , Gruss S. , Jungwirth B. , Barth E. 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mortalität und Delirinzidenz werden beim kritisch kranken Patienten durch das Analgosedierungsregime beeinflusst. Je tiefer die Sedierung, je höher die Dosis applizierter Analgetika, desto schwieriger ist die Einschätzung von Schmerz und Sedierungsgrad. Daher gewinnen apparative Messverfahren, wie die Messung der Reizschwelle des nozizeptiven Flexorenreflexes (NFRT), zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, eine mögliche Assoziation zwischen der Höhe des nozizeptiven Flexorenreflexes, der Mortalität und dem Auftreten eines Delirs zu untersuchen.

Material und Methodik
Durch die retrospektive Analyse eines 57 Intensivpatienten umfassenden Pilotdatensatzes der interdisziplinären operativen Intensivstation des Universitätsklinikums Ulm, erhoben zwischen November 2018 und März 2020, wurde in einem adjustierten logistischen Regressionsmodell eine mögliche Assoziation zwischen NFRT, Mortalität und Delirinzidenz berechnet. Je nach Cut-off-Wert ergeben sich Reizschwellenkorridore mit folgenden Vergleichspaaren: < 20 mA vs. 20–40 mA/20–50 mA/20–60 mA, > 40 mA vs. 20–40 mA, > 50 mA vs. 20–50 mA, > 60 mA vs. 20–60 mA. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt als Odds Ratios, bereinigt um Alter, Geschlecht, Größe, TISS-28, SAPS II, RASS, BPS und die verwendeten Analgetika. Die Schmerzerfassung erfolgte in der untersuchten Gruppe standardisiert mittels der Behavioral Pain Scale sowie ergänzend durch die NFRT-Messung.

Ergebnisse
Es konnte eine statistisch nicht signifikante Tendenz zu einer Mortalitätszunahme bei einer NFRT > 50 mA gegenüber dem Reizschwellenkorridor von 20–50 mA ermittelt werden (OR 3.3, KI: 0,89–12.43, p = 0,07). Eine Tendenz zu einer Reduktion der Delirhäufigkeit trat bei einer NFRT < 20 mA gegenüber einem Reizschwellenkorridor von 20–40 mA auf (OR 0.40, KI: 0,18–0,92, p = 0,03).

Diskussion
Anhand der Höhe der NFRT kann zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt keine Empfehlung zur Anpassung des verwendeten Analgosedierungsregimes beim kritisch kranken, nichtmitteilungsfähigen Intensivpatienten gegeben werden. Die Beobachtung einer Tendenz hin zu einer Zunahme der Mortalität bei hohen Reizschwellen bzw. einer Reduktion des Auftretens eines Delirs bei niedrigen Reizschwellen muss in standardisierten Studien überprüft werden.
Beyond direct killing—novel cellular immunotherapeutic strategies to reshape the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Huynh Duc , Winter Pia , Märkl Florian , Endres Stefan , Kobold Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe clinical use of cellular immunotherapies is gaining momentum and the number of approved indications is steadily increasing. One class of cellular therapies—chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells—has achieved impressive results in distinct blood cancer indications. These existing cellular therapies treating blood cancers face significant relapse rates, and their application beyond hematology has been underwhelming, especially in solid oncology. Major reasons for resistance source largely in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME in fact functionally suppresses, restricts, and excludes adoptive immune cells, which limits the efficacy of cellular immunotherapies from the onset. Many promising efforts are ongoing to adapt cellular immunotherapies to address these obstacles, with the aim of reshaping the tumor microenvironment to ameliorate function and to achieve superior efficacy against both hematological and solid malignancies.
A standardizable approach for Tooth Flank Fracture
Authors: Böhme Stephan André , Keski-Rahkonen Joni , Komssi Tami 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrasonic scanning of large spiral bevel gears and the subsequent fracture analyses of early-stage tooth flank fractures imply a mode II crack initiation under surface-parallel, orthogonal shear stresses. An iteration of the Dang Van criterion is presented that focuses exclusively on surface-parallel material planes, yielding a standardizable approach for the study of tooth flank fracture in spiral bevel gears. It is shown that Dang Van’s shear stress amplitude and maximum hydrostatic stress along a surface-perpendicular path can adequately be described by the Hertzian orthogonal shear stress amplitude and Lang’s compressive residual stress. The fatigue properties along the same path are estimated from Thomas’ hardness model and augmented by ISO-inspired lifetime, size and conversion factors. The article closes with a comparison between the commonly used Witzig-Boiadjiev, Hertter-Wirth, DNV subsurface fatigue and the herein proposed, rationalized Dang Van criterion.
A method for evaluating the learning concentration in head-mounted virtual reality interaction
Authors: Lin Yi , Lan Yangfan , Wang Shunbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn education, learning concentration is closely related to the quality of learning, and teachers can adjust their teaching methods accordingly to improve the learning outcomes of students. Particularly in head-mounted virtual reality interactions, current methods for assessing learning concentration cannot be fully applied to new interactive environments because immersion shaping and cognitive formation differ from the conventional education. Therefore, in this study, a learning concentration assessment method is proposed to measure the learning concentration of students in head-mounted virtual interaction, using the expression score, visual focus rate, and task mastery as evaluation indicators. In addition, the weights of the evaluation indicators can be configured to be included in the calculation of learning concentration depending on the characteristics of different types of courses. The results of a usability evaluation indicate that the learning concentration of students can be effectively evaluated using the proposed method. By developing and implementing strategies for optimizing learning effects, the learning concentration and assessment scores of students increased by 18% and 15.39%, respectively.
Efficient Computation of the Zeros of the Bargmann Transform Under Additive White Noise
Authors: Escudero Luis Alberto , Feldheim Naomi , Koliander Günther , Romero José Luis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the computation of the zero set of the Bargmann transform of a signal contaminated with complex white noise, or, equivalently, the computation of the zeros of its short-time Fourier transform with Gaussian window. We introduce the adaptive minimal grid neighbors algorithm (AMN), a variant of a method that has recently appeared in the signal processing literature, and prove that with high probability it computes the desired zero set. More precisely, given samples of the Bargmann transform of a signal on a finite grid with spacing $$\delta $$
δ
, AMN is shown to compute the desired zero set up to a factor of $$\delta $$
δ
in the Wasserstein error metric, with failure probability $$O(\delta ^4 \log ^2(1/\delta ))$$

O
(

δ
4

log
2

(
1
/
δ
)

)

. We also provide numerical tests and comparison with other algorithms.
Reliability of velocity pulsatility in small vessels on 3Tesla MRI in the basal ganglia: a test–retest study
Authors: van Tuijl Rick J. , Pham Stanley D. T. , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Biessels Geert Jan , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Recent work showed the feasibility of measuring velocity pulsatility in the perforating arteries at the level of the BG using 3T MRI. However, test–retest measurements have not been performed, yet. This study assessed the test–retest reliability of 3T MRI blood flow velocity measurements in perforating arteries in the BG.

Materials and methods
Two-dimensional phase-contrast cardiac gated (2D-PC) images were acquired for 35 healthy controls and repeated with and without repositioning. 2D-PC images were processed and analyzed, to assess the number of detected perforating arteries (Ndetected), mean blood flow velocity (Vmean), and velocity pulsatility index (vPI). Paired t-tests and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare variance in outcome parameters with and without repositioning, and limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated.

Results
The LoA was smallest for Vmean (35%) and highest for vPI (79%). Test–retest reliability was similar with and without repositioning of the subject.

Discussion
We found similar LoA with and without repositioning indicating that the measurement uncertainty is dominated by scanner and physiological noise, rather than by planning. This enables to study hemodynamic parameters in perforating arteries at clinically available scanners, provided sufficiently large sample sizes are used to mitigate the contribution of scanner- and physiological noise.
Beyond Black and White: The Italian Reception of the Debate on Native Indian Commentaries in Nineteenth-century Vedic Studies
Authors: Crafa Alberico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the nineteenth-century debate between German and British Indologists on ancient Indian commentators, shedding light on how Italian Indologists received and responded to this discussion. It reveals why Italian scholars, although trained under the most eminent German philologists, often disagreed on the status of native commentaries, sometimes viewing them as an unreliable guide to interpreting the Vedas and other texts. Moreover, Italian criticisms of the German approach to ancient Indian texts reflected differences in the ideological concerns underpinning the hegemonic discourses between Europe and India. Because of both transnational reception and nation-building concerns, the history of Italian Indological studies represents a unique perspective in the context of European approaches to the subcontinent.
Non-invasive diagnostics of blockage growth in the descending aorta-computational approach
Authors: AL-Rawi Mohammad , AL-Jumaily Ahmed M. , Belkacemi Djelloul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atherosclerosis causes blockages to the main arteries such as the aorta preventing blood flow from delivering oxygen to the organs. Non-invasive diagnosis of these blockages is difficult, particularly in primary healthcare. In this paper, the effect of arterial blockage development and growth is investigated at the descending aorta on some possible non-invasive assessment parameters including the blood pressure waveform, wall shear stress (WSS), time-average WSS (TAWSS) and the oscillation shear index (OSI). Blockage severity growth is introduced in a simulation model as 25%, 35%, 50% and 65% stenosis at the descending aorta based on specific healthy control aorta data clinically obtained. A 3D aorta model with invasive pulsatile waveforms (blood flow and pressure) is used in the CFD simulation. Blockage severity is assessed by using blood pressure measurements at the left subclavian artery. An arterial blockage growth more than 35% of the lumen diameter significantly affects the pressure. A strong correlation is also observed between the ascending aorta pressure values, pressure at the left subclavian artery and the relative residence time (RRT). An increase of RRT downstream from the stenosis indicates a 35% stenosis at the descending aorta which results in high systolic and diastolic pressure readings. The findings of this study could be further extended by transferring the waveform reading from the left subclavian artery to the brachial artery.
Graphical abstract
Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of the Alouette Primary Aluminum Smelter
Authors: Edwards Les , Hunt Maia , Weyell Peter , Nord Julia , Côté Jules , Coulombe Patrick , Morais Nadia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Alouette primary aluminum smelter is the largest in the Americas, with an annual production of ~ 630,000 t of aluminum. In this collaborative study, a detailed product carbon footprint analysis was undertaken by Rain Carbon using a large body of primary emissions data to provide a complete cradle-to-gate analysis of the smelter’s emissions. The total carbon footprint of the smelter in 2019 was 3914 kg CO2e/t of aluminum for scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions, and 1835 kg CO2e for scope 1 and 2 emissions. The modeling results were compared to those for global average and Canadian average smelters, using reference datasets developed by the International Aluminium Institute (IAI) and GaBi Professional Database. Alouette’s carbon footprint is ~ 76% lower than a world average smelter and ~ 25% lower than a Canadian average smelter. For the scope 3 emissions, the primary contributors to the lower carbon footprint are lower emissions from the alumina supply and the calcined petroleum coke supply. Today, Alouette produces among the lowest carbon aluminum in the world, and this is set to decrease further following a switch from fuel oil to natural gas in the anode baking furnaces, and a switch to LNG at the alumina supplier refinery.
Spectrum of Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis in Adults: Primary Vasculitides, Arthritides, Connective Tissue, and Fibroinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Seitz Luca , Seitz Pascal , Pop Roxana , Lötscher Fabian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of large and medium vessel vasculitis in adults with primary vasculitides, arthritides, connective tissue, and fibroinflammatory diseases as well as vasculitis mimics, for an efficient differential diagnosis and initial diagnostic approach.

Recent Findings
Imaging has had a tremendous impact on the diagnosis of medium to large vessel vasculitis, now often replacing histopathologic confirmation and identifying new disease manifestations (e.g., intracranial disease in giant cell arteritis; vascular manifestations of IgG4-related disease). Novel diseases or syndromes involving blood vessels have been described (e.g., VEXAS-Syndrome with polychondritis). The use of the terms “medium” or “large” vessel varies considerably between medical specialties.

Summary
The differential diagnosis of large and medium vessel vasculitis is becoming increasingly complex as new entities or disease manifestations of known inflammatory rheumatic diseases are regularly identified. A more precise and widely recognized definition of the vessel sizes would make future research more comparable.
On the status of quantum tunnelling time
Authors: Field Grace E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow long does a quantum particle take to traverse a classically forbidden energy barrier? In other words, what is the correct expression for quantum tunnelling time? This seemingly simple question has inspired widespread debate in the physics literature. I argue that we should not expect the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics to provide a unique correct expression for quantum tunnelling time, because to do so it would have to provide a unique correct answer to a question whose assumptions are in tension with its core interpretational commitments. I explain how this conclusion connects to time’s special status in quantum mechanics, the meaningfulness of classically inspired concepts in different interpretations of quantum mechanics, the prospect of constructing experimental tests to distinguish between different interpretations, and the status of weak measurement in resolving questions about the histories of subensembles.
Negative Predictive Value of the Rapid Test Ag 2019-nCoV During the Predominance of Omicron over the Delta Variant and Implications in the Emergency Department
Authors: Fyntanidou Barbara , Meletis Georgios , Gkarmiri Sofia , Gkeka Ioanna , Tychala Areti , Skoura Lemonia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The high prevalence of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic peaks and the common occurrence of in-hospital transmission urges the need for SARS-CoV-2 testing before admission of all patients with non-COVID-related symptoms. RT-PCR testing however is costly, time-consuming, and increases the length of stay in the emergency department. For the aforementioned reasons, we propose that the admission of non-suspected COVID-19 patients to the appropriate department should be based on the sole use of the rapid test result. In order to assess the safety of this suggestion, we assessed the negative predictive value of our rapid antigen tests that was calculated at 96.38%. This value was considered acceptable and the proposed strategy was applied in our hospital improving the overall turnaround times. However, since various rapid tests may perform differently, we propose that hospitals assess their own methodologies before implementing our proposal.
Political Actions of Youth Workers
Authors: Kessler Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ability to act politically is supposedly one of the core competencies of youth workers in Germany. Surprisingly, there is little knowledge about political activities of youth workers in Germany and elsewhere. In this article, I address this research gap by questioning how youth workers act politically. I present findings from the qualitative research project “civic education in youth work” and provide insights into the narrated practices of the interviewed youth workers in their contact with local politics and authorities. Based on a reconstructive interpretation using the documentary method (Bohnsack in Documentary Method. In U. Flick (Ed.), The sage handbook of qualitative analysis (pp. 217–233). Sage, 2014; Nohl in Narrative interview and documentary interpretation. In R. Bohnsack, N. Pfaff, & W. Weller (Eds.), Qualitative Analysis and Documentary Method in International Education Research (pp. 195–217). Barbara Budrich, 2010), I am able to identify three different types of political practices of youth workers and their underlying implicit orientations. There are youth workers who are reluctant to engage politically, who engage only in the face of an immediate threat, or who engage politically as part of their professional role as youth workers.
Impacts of land reclamation projects on hydrodynamics and morphodynamics in the highly altered North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fan Daidu , Feng Tao , Tu Junbiao , Guo Xingjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe estuary is highly dynamic and sensitive to external and internal forcing. We examine a chain reaction of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic responses to a series of land reclamation projects during the period 1997 to 2017 in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary through the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) comparison and the numerical simulation by the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The results show that tidal amplification was further strengthened by the artificially reduced channel volume in the middle and upper segments of the North Branch due to the implementation of several large-scale land-reclamation projects in the first stage (1997–2007), and the channel siltation in the middle and upper segments was in turn further promoted by the increased tidal flows with flood dominance. In the second stage (2007–2017), tidal amplification was relaxed by the channel narrowing project at the lower segment and the waterway improvement project through channel dredging works at the middle and upper segments. Contemporary erosion volume was almost balanced by the accretion volume in the North Branch because of the weakening dominance of flood over ebb flows. Spatiotemporal variation in channel accretion and erosion patterns in response to estuarine engineering projects was vividly mirrored by the change of simulated bed shear stress in that the areas with increased (decreased) bed shear stress underwent severe erosion (accretion). These findings highlight again the dynamic feature of tide-dominated estuaries and the importance of simulation tools to the estuarine management.
‘Why is large scale change to health service delivery difficult?: the case of the 2019 NHS Plan’
Authors: Ferlie Ewan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis commentary paper reviews issues in the management of large scale or strategic change in health care systems. Such efforts often have limited or even perverse consequences. To make the analysis more concrete, it examines some issues which may arise in the implementation of the 2019 NHS Long Term Plan in the English health system.
FINDING ITHACA, AND SENSE IN PARMENIDES B1.3: THE HOMERIC MEANING OF ΕΙΔΩΣ
Authors: Newell John F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA close reading of the contexts of several Homeric passages reveals that Homer often uses εἰδώς with ironic force. This realization sheds light on several passages discussed herein, including: 1) Homer's description of the location of Ithaca, which is shown to be Odysseus’ strategic lie that directs the Phaeacians to the local stronghold (nearby Dulichium), and 2) the manuscript reading of Parmenides B1.3, which is shown to harbour no internal conflict even if its εἰδότα φῶτα (‘one who knows’) is in a state of confusion (ἄτῃ), because εἰδότα can signal incomplete or confused knowledge, or even a lack of it. Other literary clues in Parmenides B1 are shown to support this reading.
Dispatches from the Home Front: The Anaglypha Panels in Rome
Authors: Wolfram Thill Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiscovered in theForum Romanum, the Anaglypha Panels have traditionally been viewed as a monument concerned exclusively with the capital city. A new interpretation presented here argues that instead the panels represent a direct Senatorial response to Hadrianic provincial policy. This response drew on a recent more traditional monument, the Column of Trajan. By employing specific visual references from that military monument, the Anaglypha Panels plastered over the ideological gap left by Hadrian's reliance on peaceful consolidation. Rather than an obsequious paean to the emperor, the Anaglypha Panels can be seen as a Senatorial reminder of their expectations of their emperor, and even a rebuke to the emperor who turned his eyes from Rome.