bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of a PrEP Aware Week Campaign on PrEP Prescription Fills in NYS
Authors: Tesoriero James M. , Yuan Yingchao , Newport Rachel , O'Grady Thomas , Cotroneo Richard , Stevens Lyn , Grisham Thomas , Seo Seungjun , Gonzalez Charles 
Published: July 2022

Context:
The New York State (NYS) Department of Health AIDS Institute engaged stakeholders across NYS to participate in the state's first “PrEP Aware Week” (PAW). PAW sought to increase the knowledge, interest, and number of PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) prescriptions filled across NYS. PAW activities were designed to be easy to implement, with minimal cost. Stakeholders were provided activities to implement, along with a social media tool kit featuring videos, graphic ads, and sample social media posts in English and Spanish to use as is or modify. PAW included more than 750 distinct events and activities undertaken by more than 250 participating providers.

Objective:
To assess the impact of PAW on PrEP prescription filling patterns in NYS.

Design:
An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to estimate the impact of PAW on overall and new PrEP prescription filling patterns. Separate models were developed by sex (male, female), race and ethnicity (White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, other, unknown), and region (New York City, rest of NYS).

Setting:
PAW took place across NYS during the week beginning October 20, 2019.

Participants:
PAW was undertaken by more than 250 health care providers, nonmedical health & human services providers, local and state health department staff, and colleges and universities.

Main Outcome Measures:
The number of overall and new PrEP prescriptions.

Results:
PAW was associated with modest increases (6%-9%) in the number of PrEP prescription fills in NYS. The PAW impact lasted for about 2 months, generated an estimated 2727 additional PrEP prescription fills statewide, and was realized across sex, region, and racial and ethnic subgroups. Increased prescription fills were driven by those previously prescribed PrEP. Increases in new prescriptions were noted among Latinx individuals (21% increase, 55 additional prescriptions) but not overall or across other groups.

Conclusion:
NYS's PAW was effective at increasing PrEP prescription refills in NYS.
Do Patient Engagement IT Functionalities Influence Patient Safety Outcomes? A Study of US Hospitals
Authors: Upadhyay Soumya , Opoku-Agyeman William , Choi Seongwon , Cochran Randyl A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
Patient engagement using health information technology (IT) functionalities can be a powerful tool in managing their own care for better health outcomes. Therefore, this study explores whether patient engagement IT functionalities and electronic health record (EHR) can affect patient safety outcomes.

Design:
Using longitudinal study design for general acute care hospitals within the United States, we examine the interaction effects of EHR and patient engagement IT functionalities on patient safety outcomes (adverse incident rate) using a generalized estimating equation.

Setting:
Our national sample consisted of 9759 hospital-year observations from 2014 to 2018. Overall, we found a significant association between adverse incident rate and patient engagement level and EHR adoption level.

Results:
On average, as the combined effects of patient engagement level and EHR adoption level increases, the adverse incident rate decreases by approximately 0.49 (P < .01). Incorporating patient engagement functionalities is becoming an essential tool to improve health outcomes and will play an instrumental role in meeting meaningful use standards.

Conclusions:
Our study provides insights into the potential synergy between a hospital's existing EHR maturity and patient engagement health IT functionalities in affecting organizational performance. Organizational culture and capabilities pertinent to adopting patient engagement health IT functionalities infrastructure should be established first to provide the impetus for this synergy.
Examining Factors Associated With Minority Turnover Intention in State and Local Public Health Organizations: The Moderating Role of Race in the Relationship Among Supervisory Support, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention
Authors: Mitchell Ashley K. , Apenteng Bettye A. , Boakye Kwabena G. 
Published: July 2022

Context:
There is a need to understand minority governmental public health workforce turnover to ensure the retention of public health minority workers, capitalize on diversity benefits, and enhance public health's capacity to serve diverse populations.

Objective:
This study assesses the moderating effect of minority health workers' race on (1) the relationship between the workforce environment, particularly employees' perceptions of their pay and supervisory support on job satisfaction, and (2) the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

Design:
Using the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), a cross-sectional survey of the public health workforce, a hierarchical logistic regression modeling technique was used to assess the moderating role of race on the relationship between supervisory support, pay and job satisfaction, and turnover intentions.

Setting and Participants:
The PH WINS survey data from state and local health department employees.

Main Outcome Measure:
Job satisfaction, pay, supervisory support, and turnover intention.

Results:
Job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between the work environment factors of pay satisfaction and supervisory support and turnover. Our findings also suggest that while race moderates the influence of compensation and supervisory support on job satisfaction, race has no moderating effect on the job satisfaction-turnover intentions relationship.

Conclusions:
A focus on boosting job satisfaction, particularly through pay equity and perceived support, may reduce turnover among minority public health personnel.
Diplopia Related to a Pediatric Cervical Rhabdoid Tumor in 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Jacquet-Francillon Nicolas , Habouzit Vincent , Besson Loris , Bonnefoy Pierre-Benoît , Prevot Nathalie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Increased muscle uptake is commonly seen with 18F-FDG PET/CT because of an important physiological muscle glucose metabolism. Muscle uptake can express a recent significant muscle activity. However, the absence of muscle uptake is almost never described or interpreted. We describe the case of an 8-year-old boy with extrarenal rhabdoid tumor in the right carotid space. An MRI and an 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed for the diagnostic workup. There was no uptake in the lateral rectus oculomotor muscle unlike all other oculomotor muscles. The ophthalmological examination found a diplopia confirmed by the Lancaster test.
A Novel Method for Lengthening Iliac Crest Grafts for Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Fernández-Olarte Humberto , Gómez-Delgado Andrés , López Juan P. , Orjuela María P. 
Published: July 2022

The objective of this article is to propose a technique for mandibular reconstructions of up to 17 cm, in order to obtain anterior iliac crest grafts smaller than those required, and then lengthen them using corticotomies. This technique has been performed in 5 patients with an indication for reconstruction after partial mandibulectomy due to pathology. Reconstruction of the body of the mandible, including the angle in some cases, was performed using nonvascularized anterior iliac crest grafts. These were elongated using corticotomies and fixed to cover the defect using reconstruction plates and screws (2.4 system). The wedge spaces that were formed by lengthening the bone block were grafted with autologous medullary bone and platelet-rich plasma. There was no loss of any of the grafts and there was no need for second surgical times to place more grafts. All cases were able to be rehabilitated with removable prostheses or dental implants. This method optimizes the amount of graft obtained, favors revascularization of the graft, reduces hypoxia times and allows the placement of osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive grafts directly on the exposed medullary areas, with the aim of promoting integration and reducing the resorption rate in large grafts.
Effect of COVID-19 vaccine on long-COVID: A 2-year follow-up observational study from hospitals in north India
Authors: Budhiraja Sandeep , Indrayan Abhaya , Mahajan Monica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionLong-COVID syndrome encompasses a constellation of fluctuating, overlapping systemic symptoms after COVID. We know that vaccination reduces the risk of hospitalization and death but not of re-infections. How these vaccines impact long-COVID is under debate. The current study was designed to analyze the patterns of long-COVID amongst vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized patients during the three waves in India.MethodsThe computerized medical records of the patients admitted to a group of hospitals in the National Capital Region of Delhi with a nasopharyngeal swab positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, during the three distinct COVID-19 waves, were accessed. Because of large numbers, every 3rd case from the data sheet for the wave-1 and wave-2 but all cases admitted during wave-3 were included because of small numbers (total 6676). The selected patients were telephonically contacted in April 2022 for symptoms and their duration of long-COVID and their vaccination status. Of these, 6056 (90.7%) responded. These were divided into fully vaccinated who received both doses of COVID vaccine at least 14 days before admission (913) and unvaccinated at the time of admission (4616). Others and deaths were excluded. “Symptom-weeks” was calculated as the sum of weeks of symptoms in case of two or more symptoms. The statistical significance was tested, and odds ratio (unadjusted and adjusted) were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsNearly 90% of COVID-19 patients reported at least one symptom irrespective of their vaccination status. Almost three-fourths of these had symptoms lasting up to a month but nearly 15% reported a duration a least 4 weeks including 11% even exceeding one year. During wave-3, significantly more vaccinated patients reported short term post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 than did the unvaccinated group. The cases with diabetes and hypertension had higher odds of reporting at least one symptom when the effect of vaccination, age, sex, severity, and length of stay was adjusted. The fully vaccinated cases had reduced length of stay in the hospital and had a milder disease. Most common symptoms reported by both the groups were fatigue (17.0%), insomnia (15.1%) and myalgia (15%). There were significant differences in the duration and the type of long-COVID symptoms across the three waves, and the presence of comorbidities between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated groups but overall no difference could be detected. No significant difference was seen between the cases receiving covishield and covaxin.ConclusionsNearly 15% reported symptoms of duration exceeding 4 weeks including 11% exceeding one year. There were significant differences in the specific symptoms with some more common in the vaccinated and some others more common in the unvaccinated but overall the vaccination or the type of vaccine did not significantly alter either the incidence or the duration of long COVID.
Evaluating the influence of sleep quality and quantity on glycemic control in adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Botella-Serrano Marta , Velasco J. Manuel , Sánchez-Sánchez Almudena , Garnica Oscar , Hidalgo J. Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep quality disturbances are frequent in adults with type 1 diabetes. However, the possible influence of sleep problems on glycemic variability has not been deeply studied in the past. This study aims to assess the impact of sleep quality and sleep quantity on glycemic control.Materials and MethodsObservational study in 25 adults with type 1 diabetes, simultaneous recording of continuous glucose monitoring (Abbott FreeStyle Libre system) for 14 days, and a sleep study by wrist actigraphy (Fitbit Ionic device). The study analyzes, using artificial intelligence techniques, the relationship between the quality and structure of sleep with time in normo-, hypo-, and hyperglycemia ranges and with glycemic variability. The patients are also studied as a group, comparing patients with good and poor sleep quality. Several cluster analyses and correlational studies are performedResultsA total of 243 days/nights were analyzed, of which 77% (n=189) were categorized as poor quality and 33% (n=54) as good quality. Linear regression methods find a correlation (r=0.8) between the variability of sleep efficiency and the variability of mean blood glucose. With clustering techniques, patients were grouped according to their sleep structure (characterizing this structure from the number of transitions between the different sleep phases). These clusters show a relationship between time in range and sleep structure.ConclusionsThis study suggests that poor sleep quality is associated with lower time in range and greater glycemic variability, so improving sleep quality in patients with type 1 diabetes could improve their glycemic control.
Development and piloting of a primary school-based salt reduction programme: formative work and a process evaluation in rural and urban Malawi
Authors: Phiri Nozgechi , Cunningham Yvonne , Witek-Mcmanus Stefan , Chabwera McDonald , Munthali Shekinah , Masiye Jones , Saka Albert , Katundulu Miryam , Chiphinga Mwale Caroline , Dembo Kang’ombe Dalitso , Kamangila Joseph , Crampin Amelia C , Mair Frances S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionExcess salt intake is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Promoting salt reduction as part of routine school-health programming may be a pragmatic way to address this risk factor early in the life course but has not been tested in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Here we describe the formative work with stakeholders and process evaluation of pilot work to develop a school-based salt reduction programme for children aged 11-14 years, in preparation for a cluster-randomised trial in rural/urban Malawi.Materials and methodsCollection of observational data and documentary evidence (meeting minutes/field notes) from the earliest key stakeholder engagement with Malawi Ministries of Health, Education, Local Government and Rural Development and Malawi Institute of Education, and non-governmental stakeholders; and a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups (with head teachers (n=2); teachers (n=4); parents (n=30); and learners (n=40)). Data analysed thematically and conceptualised through a Normalization Process Theory lens.ResultsFormative work illustrated a range of administrative, technical, and practical issues faced during development of the programme; including allocation of stakeholder roles and responsibilities, harmonisation with pre-existing strategies and competing priorities, resources required for programme development, and design of effective teaching materials. While participants were positive about the programme, the process evaluation identified features to be refined including perceived challenges to participation, recommended adaptations to the content and delivery of lessons, and concerns related to quantity/quality of learning resources provided.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of comprehensive, sustained, and participatory stakeholder engagement in the development of a novel school health programme in SSA; and highlights the factors that were critical to successfully achieving this. We also demonstrate the value of detailed process evaluation in informing development of the programme to ensure that it was feasible and relevant to the context prior to evaluation through a cluster-randomised trial.
Predictors of genomic diversity within North American squamates
Authors: Larkin Ivy E. , Myers Edward A. , Carstens Bryan C. , Barrow Lisa N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComparisons of intraspecific genetic diversity across species can reveal the roles of geography, ecology, and life history in shaping biodiversity. The wide availability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in open-access databases makes this marker practical for conducting analyses across several species in a common framework, but patterns may not be representative of overall species diversity. Here, we gather new and existing mtDNA sequences and genome-wide nuclear data (genotyping-by-sequencing; GBS) for 30 North American squamate species sampled in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. We estimated mtDNA nucleotide diversity for two mtDNA genes, COI (22 species alignments; average 16 sequences) and cytb (22 species; average 58 sequences), as well as nuclear heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity from GBS data for 118 individuals (30 species; four individuals and 6,820–44,309 loci per species). We showed that nuclear genomic diversity estimates were highly consistent across individuals for some species, while other species showed large differences depending on the locality sampled. Range size was positively correlated with both cytb diversity (Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts: R2= 0.31, p = 0.007) and GBS diversity (R2= 0.21; p = 0.006), while other predictors differed across the top models for each dataset. Mitochondrial and nuclear diversity estimates were not correlated within species, although sampling differences in the data available made these datasets difficult to compare. Further study of mtDNA and nuclear diversity sampled across species’ ranges is needed to evaluate the roles of geography and life history in structuring diversity across a variety of taxonomic groups.
Genome-scale host-pathogen prediction for non-medical microbes
Authors: Ammari Mais , Gresham Cathy , McCarthy Fiona M , Nanduri Bindu 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundNetwork studies of host-pathogen interactions (HPI) are critical in understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis. However, accessible HPI data for agriculturally important pathogens are limited. This lack of HPI data impedes network analysis to study agricultural pathogens, for preventing and reducing the severity of diseases of relevance to agriculture.ResultsTo rapidly provide HPIs for a broad range of pathogens, we use an interolog-based approach. This approach uses sequence similarity to transfer known HPIs from better studied host-pathogen pairs and predicts 389,878 HPIs for 23 host-pathogen systems of relevance to US agriculture. Each predicted HPI is qualitatively assessed using co-localization, infection related processes, and interacting domains and this information is provided as a confidence indicator for the prediction. Evaluation of predicted HPIs demonstrates that the host proteins predicted to be involved in pathogen interactions include hubs and bottlenecks in the network, as reported in curated host proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of the predicted HPIs adds value to network analysis and recapitulates known aspects of host-pathogen biology. Access to the predicted HPIs for these agricultural host-pathogen systems is available via the Host Pathogen Interaction Database (HPIDB, hpidb.igbb.msstate.edu), and can be downloaded in standard MITAB file format for subsequent network analysis.ConclusionsThis core set of interolog-based HPIs will enable animal health researchers to incorporate network analysis into their research and help identify host-pathogen interactions that may be tested and experimentally validated. Moreover, the development of a larger set of experimentally validated HPI will inform future predictions. Our approach of transferring biologically relevant HPIs based on interologs is broadly applicable to many host-microbe systems and can be extended to support network modeling of other pathogens, as well as interactions between non-pathogenic microbes.
Characterization of the human fetal rete region by single cell transcriptional analysis of gonads and mesonephros/epididymis
Authors: Taelman Jasin , Czukiewska Sylwia M. , Moustakas Ioannis , Chang Yolanda W. , Hillenius Sanne , van der Helm Talia , Mei Hailiang , Fan Xueying , Chuva de Sousa Lopes Susana M. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYDuring development of the male reproductive tract, the human rete functions as a bridging structure between the seminiferous tubes and the efferent ducts of the epididymis. However, despite its significant contribution to human sex-specific gonadogenesis and future male fertility, the rete testis remains poorly understood. To investigate fetal rete testis development, we have performed single-cell transcriptomics on human fetal testes (and ovaries) and mesonephros/epididymis from first and second trimester. By revealing KRT19 and PAX8 as rete markers, we were able to identify the molecular signatures of the rete epithelial cells and mesonephros/epididymis epithelial cells. In the process, we have identified a population of Sertoli cells and germ cells in the rete testis. Moreover, we also revealed a small population of epithelial cells in the rete ovarii, comparable to the epithelial cells in the rete testis. Together, our study provides insights into human fetal sex-specific gonadogenesis and development of the male reproductive tract beyond the gonads.