bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy imparts distinct systemic adaptive immune function
Authors: Demery‐Poulos Catherine , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Arenas‐Hernandez Marcia , Miller Derek , Tao Li , Galaz Jose , Farias‐Jofre Marcelo , Bhatti Gaurav , Garcia‐Flores Valeria , Seyerle Megan , Tarca Adi L. , Gomez‐Lopez Nardhy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblemPregnancy represents a state of systemic immune activation that is primarily driven by alterations in circulating innate immune cells. Recent studies have suggested that cellular adaptive immune components, T cells and B cells, also undergo changes throughout gestation. However, the phenotypes and functions of such adaptive immune cells are poorly understood. Herein, we utilized high‐dimensional flow cytometry and functional assays to characterize T‐cell and B‐cell responses in pregnant and non‐pregnant women.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant (n = 20) and non‐pregnant (n = 25) women were used for phenotyping of T‐cell and B‐cell subsets. T‐cell proliferation and B‐cell activation were assessed by flow cytometry after in vitro stimulation, and lymphocyte cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a cell‐based assay. Statistical comparisons were performed with linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsPregnancy was associated with modestly enhanced basal activation of peripheral CD4+ T cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from pregnant women showed increased activation‐induced proliferation; yet, a reduced proportion of these cells expressed activation markers compared to non‐pregnant women. There were no differences in peripheral lymphocyte cytotoxicity between study groups. A greater proportion of B cells from pregnant women displayed memory‐like and activated phenotypes, and such cells exhibited higher activation following stimulation.ConclusionMaternal circulating T cells and B cells display distinct responses during pregnancy. The former may reflect the unique capacity of T cells to respond to potential threats without undergoing aberrant activation, thereby preventing systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to adverse perinatal consequences.
Molecular networks in atopic mothers impact the risk of infant atopy
Authors: Schedel Michaela , Leach Sonia M. , Strand Matthew J. , Danhorn Thomas , MacBeth Morgan , Faino Anna V. , Lynch Anne M. , Winn Virginia D. , Munoz Lindsay L. , Forsberg Shannon M. , Schwartz David A. , Gelfand Erwin W. , Hauk Pia J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of atopic diseases has increased with atopic dermatitis (AD) as the earliest manifestation. We assessed if molecular risk factors in atopic mothers influence their infants' susceptibility to an atopic disease.MethodsPregnant women and their infants with (n = 174, high‐risk) or without (n = 126, low‐risk) parental atopy were enrolled in a prospective birth cohort. Global differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were determined in atopic (n = 92) and non‐atopic (n = 82) mothers. Principal component analysis was used to predict atopy risk in children dependent on maternal atopy. Genome‐wide transcriptomic analyses were performed in paired atopic (n = 20) and non‐atopic (n = 15) mothers and cord blood. Integrative genomic analyses were conducted to define methylation–gene expression relationships.ResultsAtopic dermatitis was more prevalent in high‐risk compared to low‐risk children by age 2. Differential methylation analyses identified 165 DMRs distinguishing atopic from non‐atopic mothers. Inclusion of DMRs in addition to maternal atopy significantly increased the odds ratio to develop AD in children from 2.56 to 4.26. In atopic compared to non‐atopic mothers, 139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified significantly enriched of genes within the interferon signaling pathway. Expression quantitative trait methylation analyses dependent on maternal atopy identified 29 DEGs controlled by 136 trans‐acting methylation marks, some located near transcription factors. Differential expression for the same nine genes, including MX1 and IFI6 within the interferon pathway, was identified in atopic and non‐atopic mothers and high‐risk and low‐risk children.ConclusionThese data suggest that in utero epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms predominantly involving the interferon pathway may impact and predict the development of infant atopy.
Early life exposures and development of allergic disease in infants with familial risk: Results from ongoing probiotic intervention trials
Authors: Puisto Reetta , Turta Olli , Rautava Samuli , Isolauri Erika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimWe search revision of risk determinants of the ongoing allergy epidemic.MethodsChildren numbering 433 born to mothers with allergic disease or sensitisation were selected from the three ongoing probiotic intervention trials for this case–control study. Children who developed atopic eczema or food allergy, had positive skinprick test results or had been prescribed inhaled corticosteroids by the age of 2 years were identified as cases (n = 231), while children without allergic manifestations were the healthy controls (n = 202). The data on early environmental exposures were collected from prospectively documented study records. The statistical analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsDeterminants associated with the increased risk of atopic eczema were lower maternal prepregnancy BMI (aOR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.037–0.54) and maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.20–4.10), the latter also linked to obstructive respiratory symptoms (aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.07–14.06). The risk of allergic sensitisation was associated with lower maternal prepegnancy BMI (aOR 0.18, 95% CI 0.43–0.79) and intrapartum antibiotic treatment (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.22).ConclusionBased on our demonstrations, interventions such as personalised diets, can be optimised for specific subgroups and definite risk periods.
Monitoring kidney size to interpret MRI‐based assessment of renal oxygenation in acute pathophysiological scenarios
Authors: Cantow Kathleen , Gladytz Thomas , Millward Jason M. , Waiczies Sonia , Niendorf Thoralf , Seeliger Erdmann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTissue hypoxia is an early key feature of acute kidney injury. Assessment of renal oxygenation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers T2 and T2* enables insights into renal pathophysiology. This assessment can be confounded by changes in the blood and tubular volume fractions, occurring upon pathological insults. These changes are mirrored by changes in kidney size (KS). Here, we used dynamic MRI to monitor KS for physiological interpretation of T2* and T2 changes in acute pathophysiological scenarios.MethodsKS was determined from T2*, T2 mapping in rats. Six interventions that acutely alter renal tissue oxygenation were performed directly within the scanner, including interventions that change the blood and/or tubular volume. A biophysical model was used to estimate changes in O2 saturation of hemoglobin from changes in T2* and KS.ResultsUpon aortic occlusion KS decreased; this correlated with a decrease in T2*, T2. Upon renal vein occlusion KS increased; this negatively correlated with a decrease in T2*, T2. Upon simultaneous occlusion of both vessels KS remained unchanged; there was no correlation with decreased T2*, T2. Hypoxemia induced mild reductions in KS and T2*, T2. Administration of an X‐ray contrast medium induced sustained KS increase, with an initial increase in T2*, T2 followed by a decrease. Furosemide caused T2*, T2 elevation and a minor increase in KS. Model calculations yielded physiologically plausible calibration ratios for T2*.ConclusionMonitoring KS allows physiological interpretation of acute renal oxygenation changes obtained by T2*, T2. KS monitoring should accompany MRI‐oximetry, for new insights into renal pathophysiology and swift translation into human studies.
Extrahepatic morbidities and mortality of NAFLD: an umbrella review of meta‐analyses
Authors: Yi Mengshi , Peng Wei , Feng Xi , Teng Fei , Tang Youyin , Kong Qingyan , Chen Zheyu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions currently and may contribute to multiple extrahepatic outcomes.AimTo comprehensively summarise evidence of associations between NAFLD and risk of extrahepatic outcomes.MethodsWe conducted an umbrella review. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane database from inception to 27 November 2021.ResultsWe included 22 meta‐analyses with 374 original studies in our analysis. Subjects with NAFLD had an increased risk of mortality, multiple cardiovascular complications, extrahepatic cancers, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) than those without NAFLD. Excess risks of several other extrahepatic outcomes including hypothyroidism, urolithiasis, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, depression and worse maternal and foetal outcomes were also observed in this population. However, associations were not significant for prostate cancer, female organ genital cancer, haematological cancer, diabetic retinopathy or osteoporotic fracture. The risks of CVD, diabetes and CKD were similar in obese and non‐obese patients. Most associations were heterogeneous across regions; significantly, Europeans with NAFLD were more prone to all‐cause mortality than North Americans. The certainty of evidence was graded from only very low to moderate as all included studies were observational.ConclusionsPatients with NAFLD are at heightened risk of extrahepatic outcomes. However, the certainty of evidence is only from very low to moderate. Further studies at low risk of bias are required to support the evidence and elucidate any causal associations.
Accounting for the decline in homeownership among the young
Authors: Yao Yuxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper documents that the drop in young homeownership is more persistent among non‐college graduates compared to college graduates: while some college graduates postpone home purchasing, non‐college graduates are likely to remain long‐term renters. I develop a model showing that the combination of rising college share and a widening education‐driven income gap accounts for the delayed purchasing of college graduates and the lack of purchasing among non‐college graduates. Exploiting cross‐city variation, I verify the implications of the model and show that the mechanism can quantitatively account for the diverging ownership decisions between the two education groups from 1980 to 2019.
Fine‐needle biopsy with 19G needle is effective in combination with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition for genomic profiling of unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ikeda Go , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Maruki Yuta , Ohba Akihiro , Hisada Yuya , Yoshinari Motohiro , Harai Shota , Kitamura Hidetoshi , Koga Takehiko , Murashima Yumi , Maehara Kosuke , Okada Mao , Yamashige Daiki , Okamoto Kohei , Hara Hidenobu , Hagiwara Yuya , Agarie Daiki , Takasaki Tetsuro , Takeshita Kotaro , Kawasaki Yuki , Kondo Shunsuke , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Hideki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Yatabe Yasushi , Saito Yutaka , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesComprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has been approved in Japan since June 2019, enabling mutation‐specific therapy. Although tissue sampling via endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) is standard in pancreatic cancer, reports on obtaining appropriate samples for CGP, especially for the OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel System (NOP) and FoundationOne CDx (FOne), are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the success rate and factors related to appropriate EUS‐TA sampling for CGP analysis suitability in unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (UR‐PDAC).MethodsParticipants comprised 150 UR‐PDAC patients who underwent EUS‐TA and tumor sample evaluation for CGP analysis suitability between June 2019 and December 2021. The proportion of patients meeting the criteria was evaluated considering tumor size, puncture lesion, presence of metastasis, type and size of puncture needle, suction method, number of punctures, and puncture route.ResultsIn total, 39.2% (60/153) of samples met NOP analysis suitability criteria and 0% met FOne analysis suitability criteria. The suitability rate was significantly higher with 19G fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) (56.0%; 42/75) than with 22G FNB (32.6%; 14/43) and 22G fine‐needle aspiration (11.4%; 4/35). Nineteen‐gauge needle (odds ratio [OR] 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–5.57; P = 0.021) and FNB (OR 3.57; 95% CI 1.05–12.20; P = 0.041) were independent factors contributing to NOP analysis suitability. Among 30 patients who underwent actual NOP analysis, the analysis success rate was 100% (30/30).ConclusionIn sample collection via EUS‐TA, 19G and FNB needles contribute to NOP analysis suitability.
The granular nature of emerging market economies: The case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Konings Jozef , Sagyndykova Galiya , Subramanian Venkat , Volckaert Astrid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the granularity hypothesis in a large emerging economy, Kazakhstan. We use a new longitudinal dataset at the firm level and at quarterly frequency between 2012 and 2018 to document the size distribution of firms and to provide evidence that it follows a power law. We find that the largest 30 firms explain nearly 80 percent of the growth in aggregate total factor productivity. This confirms earlier research for the U.S. and other developed countries. However, the granular nature of the Kazakh economy is even more outspoken than in other countries. Thus idiosyncratic shocks and the way they ripple through the production network matter to understand changes in aggregate productivity growth. Moreover, since these granular firms are concentrated in the oil industry it exposes the vulnerability of the economy more to unexpected shocks in one industry in particular.
Detection of Phytophthora cinnamomi on declining Araucaria araucana forests
Authors: Sanfuentes Eugenio , González Mariela , Castillo Miguel , Rubilar Rafael , Besoain Ximena , Sanhueza Claudia , Smith Milena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince 2016, crown death and mortality of Araucaria araucana trees have been observed at different localities of the Nahuelbuta Coastal Range, Chile. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Phytophthora spp. in the rhizosphere of A. araucana trees that may explain its decline. Samples of soil rhizosphere were collected from trees with crown death as well as from asymptomatic trees at two visually contrasting severity areas. Phytophthora detection from soil samples was carried out using leaf bait technique, and isolates were identified by morphology and molecular methods. Recovered Phytophthora isolates were used in pathogenicity tests with A. araucana plants. From rhizosphere soil samples of 30 A. araucana trees, 56 isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi were obtained. Isolations were more frequent in the rhizosphere of trees with severe crown symptoms and originated exclusively from the selected area showing severe crown symptoms. Plant stem inoculation with P. cinnamomi isolates caused 100% mortality; however, through root infestation, mortality was variable depending on the specific isolate. These results are the first report of the pathogenicity of P.cinnamomi A2 in natural forests of A. araucana in Chile.
Clomiphene citrate treatment during perinatal development alters adult partner preference, mating behaviour and androgen receptor and vasopressin in the male mandarin vole Microtus mandarinus
Authors: He Fengqin , Yan Bingjie , Tian Zhen , Wang Bo , Cheng Xiaoxia , Wang Zijian , Yu Bing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring development, many aspects of behaviour, including partner preferences and sexual behaviour, are “organized” by neural aromatization of androgen and oestrogen. This study aimed to analyse these processes in the mandarin vole (Microtus mandarinus); this is a novel mammalian model exhibiting strong monogamous pair bonds. Male pups were treated daily with a sesame oil only (MC) or the oestrogen receptor blocker‐clomiphene citrate sesame oil mixture (MT) from prenatal day 14 to postnatal day 10. Female pups were treated daily with sesame oil only (FC). Partner preferences, sexual behaviour, and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were examined when animals were 3 months old. The MT and FC groups exhibited male‐directed partner preferences and feminized behaviour. AR‐immunoreactive neurons (AR‐IRs) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) were reduced in MT males compared to MC males, and there was no significant difference in the number of AR‐IRs between MT males and FC females. AVP‐immunoreactive neurons (AVP‐IRs) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) were reduced in MT males compared to MC males, and there were no significant differences in the number of AVP‐IRs between MT males and FC females. The results indicate a significant role of hormone signalling in the development of male mate preference in the novel monogamous mammal model.
Implications of large‐scale miscanthus cultivation in water protection areas: A Life Cycle Assessment with model coupling for improved policy support
Authors: Weik Jan , Lask Jan , Petig Eckart , Seeger Stefan , Marting Vidaurre Nirvana , Wagner Moritz , Weiler Markus , Bahrs Enno , Lewandowski Iris , Angenendt Elisabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo major global challenges related to agriculture are climate change and the unbalanced nitrogen cycle. For both, national and international reduction targets have been defined to catalyse policy support for more sustainable farming systems. Miscanthus cultivation in water protection areas has been proposed as a contribution to achieving these targets. However, a thorough understanding of the underlying system dynamics at various spatial levels is required before recommendations for policy development can be provided. In this study, a model framework was established to provide economic and environmental indicator results at regional and sub‐regional levels. It presents a consequential Life Cycle Assessment coupled with an agro‐economic supply model (Economic Farm Emission Model) that simulates crop and livestock production, and an agricultural hydrology model (DAISY) that assesses effects on the nitrogen cycle. The framework is applied to Baden‐Württemberg, a federal state in southwest Germany with eight agro‐ecological regions. Scenarios investigating the differences between mandatory and voluntary miscanthus cultivation were also explored. While the results show the high potential of miscanthus cultivation for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (−16% to −724%), the potential to reduce nitrate leaching (−4% to −44%) is compromised in some sub‐regions and scenarios (+4% to +13%) by substantial effects on the crop rotation. Furthermore, the cultivation of miscanthus reduces gross margins in most sub‐regions (−0.1% to −9.6%) and decreases domestic food production (−1% to −50%). However, in regions with low livestock density and high yields, miscanthus cultivation can maintain or increase farmers' income (0.1%–5.8%) and improve environmental protection. The study shows that the heterogeneity of arable land requires a flexible promotion programme for miscanthus. Voluntary cultivation schemes were identified as most suitable to capture sub‐regional differences. Policies should address the demand for miscanthus, for example, support the development of regional value chains, including farmers, water suppliers and the biobased industry.
Species turnover increases ant–trophobiont interaction dissimilarities along a geographical gradient
Authors: Belchior Matheus , Neves Frederico Siqueira , Dáttilo Wesley , Camarota Flávio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the recent advances regarding the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of ant–trophobiont mutualistic interactions, understanding their spatial variation remains a challenge. An approach involving species interaction networks is a helpful tool to overcome it because it allows us to compare how different species interact among them.
Here, we assessed how the dissimilarities in the composition of ant–trophobiont relationships (β‐diversity of interactions) of ants and trophobionts change with increasing geographical distance.
For this, we assessed ant–trophobiont interactions in 90 trees along a geographical gradient ranging from 1 to 213 km of distance.
We found that the β‐diversity of ant–trophobiont interactions increased with the geographical distance between two sites. Moreover, we observed that the turnover of interacting species was the main component of the β‐diversity of interactions, increasing with the distance between the sampled sites. Even so, interaction rewiring generated by the reassembly of the interactions between the same species in different sites was low and did not change with increasing geographical distance.
Our findings indicate that the high species turnover between ant–trophobiont interaction networks could be shaped by the low habitat connectivity between vegetation patches and the low mobility and dispersal capacities of mutualistic partners, generating unique interactions over space.
Toward a dimensional model of risk and protective factors influencing children's early cognitive, social, and emotional development during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Gibson Shannon P. , Davies Catherine , McGillion Michelle , Gonzalez‐Gomez Nayeli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVariation in infants’ home environment is implicated in their cognitive and psycho‐social development. The pandemic has intensified variations in home environments through exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities, and increasing psychological stressors for some families. This study investigates the effects of parental (predominantly maternal) mental health, enriching activities and screen use on 280 24‐ to 52‐month‐olds’ executive functions, internalising and externalising problems, and pro‐social behaviour; with socioeconomic status and social support as contextual factors. Our results indicate that aspects of the home environment are differentially associated with children’s cognitive and psycho‐social development. Parents who experienced sustained mental distress during the pandemic tended to report higher child externalising and internalising problems, and executive function difficulties at follow‐up. Children who spent more time engaged in enriching activities with their parents showed stronger executive functions and social competence six months later. Screen use levels during the first year of the pandemic were not associated with outcomes. To mitigate the risk of persistent negative effects for this ‘pandemic generation’ of infants, our study highlights the importance of supporting parents’ mental health. As our results demonstrate the impact of social support on mental health, investing in support services and interventions promoting building support networks are likely to be beneficial.