bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetized inertial measurement units (IMUs) to evaluate the placement of wearable sensors on human body for motion recognition
Authors: Hoareau Damien , Jodin Gurvan , Chantal Pierre‐Antoine , Bretin Sara , Prioux Jacques , Razan Florence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMovement data from athletes are useful to quantify performance or more specifically the workload. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are useful sensors to quantify body movements. Sensor placement on human body is still an open question that this paper focuses on. A method that develops synthesized inertial data is proposed for determining optimal sensors placement. Comparison between virtual and real inertial data is achieved. Training motion recognition algorithm on synthesized and real inertial data exhibits less than 7% difference. This method highlights the ability of the numerical model to determine relevant sensor placement of IMUs on human body for motion recognition algorithm using virtual sensors.
Faraday tomography of LoTSS-DR2 data
Authors: Erceg Ana , Jelić Vibor , Haverkorn Marijke , Bracco Andrea , Shimwell Timothy W. , Tasse Cyril , Dickey John M. , Ceraj Lana , Drabent Alexander , Hardcastle Martin J. , Turić Luka 
Published: March 2022

Context. Observations of synchrotron emission at low radio frequencies reveal a labyrinth of polarised Galactic structures. However, the explanation for the wealth of structures remains uncertain due to the complex interactions between the interstellar medium and the magnetic field. A multi-tracer approach to the analysis of large sky areas is needed.
Aims. This paper aims to use polarimetric images from the LOFAR Two metre Sky Survey to produce the biggest mosaic of polarised emission in the northern sky at low radio frequencies (150 MHz) to date. The large area this mosaic covers allows for detailed morphological and statistical studies of polarised structures in the high-latitude outer Galaxy, including the well-known Loop III region.
Methods. We produced a 3100 square degree Faraday tomographic cube using a rotation measure synthesis tool. We calculated the statistical moments of Faraday spectra and compared them with data sets at higher frequencies (1.4 GHz) and with a map of a rotation measure derived from extragalactic sources.
Results. The mosaic is dominated by polarised emission connected to Loop III. Additionally, the mosaic reveals an abundance of other morphological structures, mainly narrow and extended depolarisation canals, which are found to be ubiquitous.
Conclusions. We find a correlation between the map of an extragalactic rotation measure and the LoTSS first Faraday moment image. The ratio of the two deviates from a simple model of a Burn slab (Burn, B. J. 1966, MNRAS, 133, 67) along the line of sight, which highlights the high level of complexity in the magnetoionic medium that can be studied at these frequencies.
Emission properties and bidrifting subpulses in pulsar PSR J0815+0939
Authors: Han X. H. , Yuen R. 
Published: March 2022

Context. We investigate the properties of the emission region in PSR J0815+0939 as revealed by the bidrifting subpulses.
Aims. We identify the emission properties as implied by different states of emission, including the charge density and the subpulse number on the carousel, in association with the different subpulse drift properties in bidrifting.
Methods. The investigation is based on the rotating carousel, incorporating the model for obliquely rotating pulsar magnetospheres of multiple emission states. For the subpulse drift velocity given by the electric drift, the latter changes as the emission state changes, resulting in the observed different drift-bands.
Results. Our results show that observable emission of this pulsar comes from two rotating carousels. The carousel at higher height is occupied by two different emission states. We find that the subpulse drift direction is different for emission coming either from different emission states on the same carousel or from similar emission states, but located on different carousels. We consider that establishing the subpulse number on a carousel may involve a mechanism that is not a function of the age or the obliquity angle of the pulsar. We discuss that bidrifting may be a common phenomenon, but its detection requires particular emission characteristics of the pulsar. We relate different subpulse drift modes in bidrifting with drifting subpulses of time-dependent drift rates, and speculate that they may be two manifestations of the same underlying mechanism.
Radial distribution of the carbonaceous nano-grains in the protoplanetary disk around HD 169142
Authors: Devinat Marie , Habart Émilie , Pantin Éric , Ysard Nathalie , Jones Anthony , Labadie Lucas , Di Folco Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

Context. HD 169142 is part of the class of (pre-)transitional protoplanetary disks showing multiple carbon nanodust spectroscopic signatures (aromatic, aliphatic) dominating the infrared spectrum. Precise constraints on the spatial distribution and properties of carbonaceous dust particles are essential to understanding the physics, radiative transfer processes, and chemistry of the disk. The HD 169142 disk is seen almost face-on and thus it offers a unique opportunity to study the dust radial evolution in disks.
Aims. We investigate the spatial distribution of the carriers of several dust aromatic emission features of the disk across a broad spatial range (10–200 AU) as well as their properties.
Methods. We analysed imaging and spectroscopic observations in the 8–12 µm range from the VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-Infrared (VISIR) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), as well as adaptive optics spectroscopic observations in the 3–4 µm range from the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System – Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph (NACO) at VLT. The data probe the spatial variation of the flux in the 3.3 µm, 8.6 µm, and 11.3 µm aromatic bands. To constrain the radial distribution of carbonaceous nano-grains, the observations were compared to model predictions using The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids (THEMIS), which is integrated into the POLARIS radiative transfer code by calculating the thermal and stochastic heating of micro-and nanometer-sized dust grains for a given disk structure.
Results. Our data show predominant nano-particle emission at all radii (accessible with our resolution of about 0.1″ or ~12 AU at 3 µm and ~0.3″, 35 AU at 10 µm) in the HD 169142 disk. This unambiguously shows that carbonaceous nano-grains dominate radiatively the infrared spectrum in most of the disk, a finding that has been suggested in previous studies. In order to account for both VISIR and NACO emission maps, we show the need for aromatic particles distributed within the disk from the outermost regions to a radius of 20 AU, corresponding to the outer limit of the inner cavity derived from previous observations. In the inner cavity, these aromatic particles might be present but their abundance would then be significantly decreased.
Challenges to Gene Editing Approaches in the Retina
Authors: Bonillo Mario , Pfromm Julia , Fischer M. Dominik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRetinal gene therapy has recently been at the cutting edge of clinical development in the diverse field of genetic therapies. The retina is an attractive target for genetic therapies such
as gene editing due to the distinctive anatomical and immunological features of the eye, known as immune privilege, so that inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) have been studied in several
clinical studies. Thus, rapid strides are being made toward developing targeted treatments for IRDs. Gene editing in the retina faces a group of heterogenous challenges, including editing
efficiencies, off-target effects, the anatomy of the target organ, immune responses, inactivation, and identifying optimal application methods. As clustered regularly interspaced palindromic
repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) based technologies are at the forefront of current gene editing advances, their specific editing efficiency challenges and potential
off-target effects were assessed. The immune privilege of the eye reduces the likelihood of systemic immune responses following retinal gene therapy, but possible immune responses must not
be discounted. Immune responses to gene editing in the retina may be humoral or cell mediated, with immunologically active cells, including microglia, implicated in facilitating possible
immune responses to gene editing. Immunogenicity of gene therapeutics may also lead to the inactivation of edited cells, reducing potential therapeutic benefits. This review outlines the
broad spectrum of potential challenges currently facing retinal gene editing, with the goal of facilitating further advances in the safety and efficacy of gene editing therapies.
Benefits and Shortcomings of Laboratory Model Systems in the Development of Genetic Therapies
Authors: Bucher Kirsten , Rodriguez-Bocanegra Eduardo , Fischer M. Dominik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene therapeutic approaches promise treatment or even a cure of diseases that were previously untreatable. Retinal gene therapies tested in clinical trials comprise a wide range of
different strategies, including gene supplementation therapies, in vivo gene editing, modulation of splicing mechanisms, or the suppression of gene expression. To guarantee efficient
transfer of genetic material into the respective target cells while avoiding major adverse effects, the development of genetic therapies requires appropriate in vitro model systems
that allow tests of efficacy and safety of the gene therapeutic approach. In this review, we introduce various in vitro models of different levels of complexity used in the
development of genetic therapies and discuss their respective benefits and shortcomings using the example of adeno-associated virus-based retinal gene therapy.
Von Balint in Sils in den 1960er Jahren bis zum Silser Balint-Seminar
im Coronajahr 2020
Authors: Mahrer Regine 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAus Anlass des 60jährigen Bestehens der Studienwochen in Sils im Engadin
erinnert die Autorin an die Entstehung und Entwicklung der jährlich
stattfindenden Balint-Studienwochen. Michael Balint war zwischen 1963 und 1970
fünf Mal anwesend im Engadin. Er demonstrierte den teilnehmenden
Ärzten und Ärztinnen die Spezifität der Balintmethode
und kreierte aus einer Notsituation heraus die
„Balint-Großgruppe“, um möglichst viele
Teilnehmer und angehende Leiter teilhaben zu lassen. Seine Methode wurde von den
nachfolgenden Studienleitern und Studienleiterinnen weitergetragen und
verbreitet, wobei das Verständnis und die Ausübung durchaus
verschiedene Formen annahmen. Die Quellen des vorliegenden Textes basieren auf
persönlichen Gesprächen, auf Artikeln, Archivmaterialien und
persönlichen Erinnerungen. Der Text wurde in der Vortragsform belassen,
um dem Leser und der Leserin eine Teilnahme an der Feierlichkeit des Anlasses
vom 12. September 2021 im Hotel Waldhaus in Sils Maria zu
ermöglichen.
Public concerns and connected and automated vehicles: safety, privacy, and data security
Authors: Lee Dasom , Hess David J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne dimension of the emerging politics of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is the development of public concerns over their societal implications and associated policy issues. This study uses original survey data from the United States to contribute to the anticipation of future policy and political issues for CAVs. Several studies have surveyed the public regarding CAVs; however, there are few studies that highlight the multidimensional public concerns that CAVs will most likely bring. The study breaks down the concept of “public” by showing that the demographic variables of gender, age, race, ethnicity, income, location (rural, suburban, urban), and political ideology (conservative, moderate, liberal) are significantly associated with three of the most salient public concerns to date (safety, privacy, and data security). Furthermore, the effects of demographic variables also vary across the type of policy issue. For example, women tend to be more concerned about safety than their male counterparts, and Hispanics (Latinx) tend to be more concerned about privacy than non-Hispanics. The research shows how the social scientific analysis of the “politics” of CAVs will require attention to the variegated connections between different types of public concern and different demographic variables.
Opposition to voluntary and mandated COVID-19 vaccination as a dynamic process: Evidence and policy implications of changing beliefs
Authors: Schmelz Katrin , Bowles Samuel 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe challenge of securing adherence to public health policies is compounded when an emerging threat and a set of unprecedented remedies are not fully understood among the general public. The evolution of citizens’ attitudes toward vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic offers psychologically and sociologically grounded insights that enrich the conventional incentives- and constraints-based approach to policy design. We thus contribute to a behavioral science of policy compliance during public health emergencies of the kind that we may increasingly face in the future. From early in the pandemic, we have tracked the same individuals, providing a lens into the conditions under which people’s attitudes toward voluntary and mandated vaccinations change, providing essential information for COVID-19 policy not available from cross-section data.
Using wǒmen (we) to mean s/he in Chinese parents’ interaction
Authors: Han Yanmei , Xiong Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using the first-person plural pronoun wǒmen (we) to refer to a child (=he/she) is repeatedly
observed in Chinese parents’ interaction. To understand its interpersonal meanings, this study investigates this non-prototypical
pronoun use in Chinese parents’ community of practice. The analysis shows that the non-prototypical use of this pronoun not only
displays agency and connection between parents and children but also reveals the seemingly close but detached relationship among
parents. This non-prototypical pronoun use unveils the complex and dynamic nature of relational work. We argue for the
significance of community of practice in relational work studies, as it can proffer social and cultural contexts to pronoun use
and a situated understanding of interactants’ interpersonal relationships. The present study contributes to the documentation of
the non-prototypical use of wǒmen in Chinese contexts and the comprehension of its interpersonal meanings.
Ear-EEG compares well to cap-EEG in recording auditory ERPs: a quantification of signal loss
Authors: Meiser Arnd , Bleichner Martin G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Ear-EEG (electroencephalography) allows to record brain activity using only a few electrodes located close to the ear. Ear-EEG is comfortable and easy to apply, facilitating beyond-the-lab EEG recordings in everyday life. With the unobtrusive setup, a person wearing it can blend in, allowing unhindered EEG recordings in social situations. However, compared to classical cap-EEG, only a small part of the head is covered with electrodes. Most scalp positions that are known from established EEG research are not covered by ear-EEG electrodes, making the comparison between the two approaches difficult and might hinder the transition from cap-based lab studies to ear-based beyond-the-lab studies. Approach. We here provide a reference data-set comparing ear-EEG and cap-EEG directly for four different auditory event-related potentials (ERPs): N100, MMN, P300 and N400. We show how the ERPs are reflected when using only electrodes around the ears. Main results. We find that significant condition differences for all ERP-components could be recorded using only ear-electrodes. The effect sizes were moderate to high on the single subject level. Morphology and temporal evolution of signals recorded from around-the-ear resemble highly those from standard scalp-EEG positions. We found a reduction in effect size (signal loss) for the ear-EEG electrodes compared to cap-EEG of 21%–44%. The amount of signal loss depended on the ERP-component; we observed the lowest percentage signal loss for the N400 and the highest percentage signal loss for the N100. Our analysis further shows that no single channel position around the ear is optimal for recording all ERP-components or all participants, speaking in favor of multi-channel ear-EEG solutions. Significance. Our study provides reference results for future studies employing ear-EEG.
Photoacoustic microscopy visualizes glioma-induced disruptions of cortical microvascular structure and function
Authors: Gong Xinrui , Jin Tian , Wang Yongchao , Zhang Ruoxi , Qi Weizhi , Xi Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Glioma growth may cause pervasive disruptions of brain vascular structure and function. Revealing both structural and functional alterations at a fine spatial scale is challenging for existing imaging techniques, which could confound the understanding of the basic mechanisms of brain diseases. Approach. In this study, we apply photoacoustic microscopy with a high spatial-temporal resolution and a wide field of view to investigate the glioma-induced alterations of cortical vascular morphology, hemodynamic response, as well as functional connectivity at resting- and stimulated- states. Main results. We find that glioma promotes the growth of microvessels and leads to the increase of vascular proportion in the cerebral cortex by deriving structural parameters. The glioma also causes the loss of response in the ipsilateral hemisphere and abnormal response in the contralateral hemisphere, and further induces brain-wide alterations of functional connectivity in resting and stimulated states. Significance. The observed results show the foundation of employing photoacoustic microscopy as a potential technique in revealing the underlying mechanisms of brain diseases.
Electrode biasing maintains the edge shear layer at high density in the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Ke R. , Diamond P.H. , Long T. , Xu M. , Chen Z.P. , Gao L. , Yang Q.H. , Wang Y.H. , Zhang X.Y. , Nie L. , Wu T. , Gao J.M. , Li D. , Wang N.C. , Yang Z.J. , Chen Z.Y. , Pan Y. , Duan X.R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collapse of the edge flow shear as the line-averaged density approaches the Greenwald density limit has been observed as a precursor to the enhanced edge particle flux characteristic of proximity to the density limit regime. Here, we report the use of a biased electrode to sustain the edge shear layer in high density discharges, in which the shear layer would otherwise collapse. A stable increase in line-averaged density is observed along with a strong increase in edge density. These experiments were carried out on the J-TEXT tokamak. The Reynolds stress at the edge is enhanced, and the zonal flow sustained, while density perturbation levels, the flux of turbulence internal energy (i.e., turbulence spreading), and particle and heat flux all decrease significantly. Electron adiabaticity increases, and bias voltage modulation experiments show that an increase in the edge shear leads the increase in adiabaticity. These results suggest that external edge E × B flow shear drive may be of interest for sustaining edge plasma states at high density, and support the hypothesis that collapse of the edge shear layer triggers the onset of the strong transport and turbulence characteristic of the density limit regime.
Modeling of geometric correspondences and transformations via geometry constructions language
Authors: Boykov A A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Geometric correspondences and transformations can be applied in solutions to numerous problems of geometric modeling, mainly in order to create models of curves and surfaces. Among the tools of CAD systems, the geometric transformations are presented in the form of a limited set of editing tools, array tools, tools providing formation of 3D solids and surfaces through motion. In practice, this set of tools restricts application of the wide capabilities of geometric transformations and correspondences. In this regard, it is proposed to model the geometric transformations and correspondences via the geometry construction language. The elements of the geometric transformation theory are analyzed. The geometric transformations are proposed to be created on par with other objects of the geometric model. The commands of the geometry constructions language enabling construction of the transformation objects are considered, their application is discussed. Solutions to practical problems of surface modeling via the geometry constructions language with the use of geometric transformation are demonstrated on examples. The proposed approach allows us to facilitate modeling of curves and surfaces in CAD systems, if said curves and surfaces can be acquired through geometric transformation or correspondence that can be defined via a certain constructive algorithm.
Analysis of approaches to spline interpolation of functions with large gradients in the boundary layer
Authors: Blatov I.A. , Zadorin A I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The problem of cubic spline interpolation of functions with large gradients in the boundary layer is considered. It is assumed that the decomposition in the form of the sum of the regular and singular components is valid for the interpolated function. This decomposition is valid for the solution of a boundary value problem for a second order ordinary differential equation with a small parameter e at the highest derivative. An overview of approaches to the construction of splines, the error of which is uniform with respect to the small parameter e, is given. The approaches are based on the use of Shishkin and Bakhvalov meshes, which are thickened in the boundary layer region. An alternative approach based on a modification of a cubic spline with fitting to the singular component of the interpolated function is also considered. The comparison of the accuracy of the applied approaches with the performance of computational experiments is carried out.
Mathematical differential game model of a computer system and its defence against DDoS-attacks
Authors: Guts A K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is a mathematical description of the DDoS-attack with the help of the differential game theory. The attacked computer system which has a performance limit is mathematically described. The hacker attack is successful if this limit is reached. The system administrator’s strategy is successful if he can prevent the server from “falling”. We find this strategy. Then we study an optimal Stackelberg strategies of hierarchial ”administrator–hacker” game.
Development of a model for determining the optimal number of urban passenger transport
Authors: Muhamediyeva D T , Mirzaraxmedova A X , Khasanov U U 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper considers development of a model for determining the optimal amount of urban passenger transport. When modeling transport systems, the main task is to find the optimal amount of passenger traffic, which is a complex consisting of a mathematical model, an algorithm and a software product with information support for the integrated planning of the system of public transport routes and determining the rational volume of traffic.