bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported sleep and circadian characteristics predict alcohol and cannabis use: A longitudinal analysis of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Study
Authors: Hasler Brant P. , Graves Jessica L. , Wallace Meredith L. , Claudatos Stephanie , Franzen Peter L. , Nooner Kate B. , Brown Sandra A. , Tapert Susan F. , Baker Fiona C. , Clark Duncan B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence indicates that sleep characteristics predict future substance use and related problems. However, most prior studies assessed a limited range of sleep characteristics, studied a narrow age span, and included few follow‐up assessments. Here, we used six annual assessments from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study, which spans adolescence and young adulthood with an accelerated longitudinal design, to examine whether multiple sleep characteristics in any year predict alcohol and cannabis use the following year.MethodsThe sample included 831 NCANDA participants (423 females; baseline age 12–21 years). Sleep variables included circadian preference, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, the timing of midsleep (weekday/weekend), and sleep duration (weekday/weekend). Using generalized linear mixed models (logistic for cannabis; ordinal for binge severity), we tested whether each repeatedly measured sleep characteristic (years 0–4) predicted substance use (alcohol binge severity or cannabis use) the following year (years 1–5), covarying for age, sex, race, visit, parental education, and previous year's substance use.ResultsGreater eveningness, more daytime sleepiness, later weekend sleep timing, and shorter sleep duration (weekday/weekend) all predicted more severe alcohol binge drinking the following year. Only greater eveningness predicted a greater likelihood of any cannabis use the following year. Post‐hoc stratified exploratory analyses indicated that some associations (e.g., greater eveningness and shorter weekend sleep duration) predicted binge severity only in female participants, and that middle/high school versus post‐high school adolescents were more vulnerable to sleep‐related risk for cannabis use.ConclusionsOur findings support the relevance of multiple sleep/circadian characteristics in the risk for future alcohol binge severity and cannabis use. Preliminary findings suggest that these risk factors vary based on developmental stage and sex. Results underscore a need for greater attention to sleep/circadian characteristics as potential risk factors for substance use in youth and may inform new avenues to prevention and intervention.
Comparison of risk adjusted excess post‐operative pancreatic fistula rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy using cumulative sum analysis
Authors: Lockie Elizabeth B. , Knowles Brett , Gill Patwinder K. , Thomson Benjamin , Loveday Benjamin P. T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a key outcome post pancreaticoduodenectomy. There are numerous POPF risk calculators but no agreed benchmark, a key component of meaningful audit. We compared observed versus predicted POPF for six risk adjusted POPF calculators, to ascertain how they differ and thus contribute to discussion around benchmarking.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐arm cohort study at the Royal Melbourne Hospital of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy 1 November 2015 to 31 December 2021 with a primary outcome of a clinically relevant POPF. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots of observed versus predicted rate of POPF for sequential patients were constructed for six risk adjusted POPF calculators – Birmingham, updated Birmingham, fistula risk score (FRS), modified FRS (m‐FRS), alternative FRS (a‐FRS), and updated alternative FRS (ua‐FRS).ResultsThe study included 77 patients. The actual rate of clinically relevant POPF was 14.3%. FRS calculated an excess of 1.3 POPF per 100 cases. All other calculators demonstrated prevention of POPF per 100 cases: Birmingham 3.4, updated Birmingham 14.0, m‐FRS 0.3, a‐FRS 1.2, ua‐FRS 19.7.ConclusionThe observed versus predicted rate of POPF was near zero for all risk calculators except ua‐FRS and updated Birmingham, which predicted a higher POPF than observed (19.7, 14.0, respectively). These results indicate that, excepting ua‐FRS and updated Birmingham, these calculators yield comparable results. Benchmarks for POPF should prescribe which risk calculators are used, and ideally a unified standard between centres should be the goal to provide consistency in outcome reporting and robust audit processes.
Retrospective review of secondary prevention strategies for gastrointestinal bleeding and associated clinical outcomes in left ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Gerrald James Ethan , Ather Ayesha , Schadler Aric , Birks Emma J. , Kolodziej Andrew R. , Kuan William 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is one of the most common bleeding complications associated with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Currently, there is no strong evidence or clear guidance for which secondary GIB prophylaxis strategy should be implemented after the discontinuation of aspirin.MethodsOur single‐center study describes the outcomes of 26 LVAD patients who experienced a total of 49 GIB events: these individuals were either in Group‐1 (lower INR target range) or Group‐2 (lower INR target plus a hemostatic agent) as the secondary prophylaxis strategy. Each GIB event was considered an independent event. Outcomes assessed were bleeding reoccurrence rates, time to next GIB, acute GIB strategies, GIB‐free days, thromboembolic events, survival, coagulation, and hematologic parameters.ResultsGIB reoccurrence rates were not statistically different: Group‐1, 9 (40.9%), versus Group‐2, 15 (55.6%); p = 0.308. Danazol was utilized 81.5% of the time as the designated hemostatic agent. Additionally, no significant differences were observed with all of our secondary outcome measures for bleeding, ischemic events, or survival.ConclusionWhile our study was not powered to assess the clinical outcomes related to survival and thromboembolic events, no discernable increased risk for ischemic events including pump thrombosis were observed. Our data suggest that a lower INR target range plus danazol does not confer any additional benefit over a lower INR target range only approach. The results of this report are hypothesis‐generating and additional studies are warranted to elucidate the optimal antithrombotic strategy and role of hemostatic agents in reducing the risk of recurrent GIB events.
Rock‐climbing shifts cliff‐face vegetation community composition based on site characteristics
Authors: Harrison Georgia R. , Boggess Laura M. , Budke Jessica M. , Madritch Michael D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the effects of rock‐climbing on diversity, abundance and composition of cliff‐face vegetation along environmental gradients? Does site variability influence cliff vegetation more than the presence of climbing?LocationLinville Gorge Wilderness Area, NC, USA.MethodsWe compared species richness, Shannon’s diversity, abundance and species composition of lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants within 334 plots, each 1 m2. We compared climbed plots with unclimbed plots using Non‐metric Multidimensional (Distance) Scaling ordination, means comparison and regression analysis.ResultsEighty‐five species were observed within 334 m2 of cliff‐face plots, including one North Carolina state (Canoparmelia alabamensis) and 21 Burke County collection records. Climbing altered cliff plant communities: unclimbed cliffs supported more diverse and different species than did climbed cliffs. However, site was more important than was climbing in differentiating cliff community composition. Variation in species composition was driven mostly by variation in cliff aspect and surface heterogeneity. Cliffs with the highest surface heterogeneity had the highest species richness, diversity and abundance of all three vegetation types (lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants). Unclimbed areas had similar richness, diversity and abundance compared with easy climbing routes, whereas harder climbing routes supported lower species richness and abundance of all vegetation types.ConclusionsDifferences in cliff‐face vegetation in Linville Gorge were due more to site variability than to climbing impact. Therefore, management of climbing areas and decisions for future route development should be site‐specific and include a thorough biological survey.
SVBRDF Recovery from a Single Image with Highlights Using a Pre‐trained Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wen Tao , Wang Beibei , Zhang Lei , Guo Jie , Holzschuch Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpatially varying bi‐directional reflectance distribution functions (SVBRDFs) are crucial for designers to incorporate new materials in virtual scenes, making them look more realistic. Reconstruction of SVBRDFs is a long‐standing problem. Existing methods either rely on an extensive acquisition system or require huge datasets, which are non‐trivial to acquire. We aim to recover SVBRDFs from a single image, without any datasets. A single image contains incomplete information about the SVBRDF, making the reconstruction task highly ill‐posed. It is also difficult to separate between the changes in colour that are caused by the material and those caused by the illumination, without the prior knowledge learned from the dataset. In this paper, we use an unsupervised generative adversarial neural network (GAN) to recover SVBRDFs maps with a single image as input. To better separate the effects due to illumination from the effects due to the material, we add the hypothesis that the material is stationary and introduce a new loss function based on Fourier coefficients to enforce this stationarity. For efficiency, we train the network in two stages: reusing a trained model to initialize the SVBRDFs and fine‐tune it based on the input image. Our method generates high‐quality SVBRDFs maps from a single input photograph, and provides more vivid rendering results compared to the previous work. The two‐stage training boosts runtime performance, making it eight times faster than the previous work.
Influence of interproximal peri‐implant tissue and prosthesis contours on food impaction, tissue health and patients' quality of life
Authors: Chanthasan Souknilan , Mattheos Nikos , Pisarnturakit Pakaporn Pantuwadee , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Subbalekha Keskanya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate tissue features and interproximal contour of posterior implant‐supported single crowns (ISSC), which correlate with food impaction. 2) To evaluate the influence of food impaction on the health of the adjacent peri‐implant tissue and patients' oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsPatients with posterior ISSC under maintenance between July 2019 and July 2020 were recruited. OHRQoL of patients who self‐reported food impaction between ISSC and teeth was evaluated by Oral Impacts on Daily Performance questionnaire and reported at patient level. Interproximal prosthesis contours and periodontal/peri‐implant tissue conditions were assessed by clinical and radiographic examination. Differences between food impaction (FI) and non‐food impaction (NFI) sites were analysed.ResultsTotally, 178 patients (286 ISSC and 410 interproximal spaces) were included. Among 119 patients who self‐reported food impaction, 84 (70.6%) reported their OHRQoL to be affected with minor‐to‐severe intensity. The most commonly affected daily performance was the ability to clean the teeth. Plaque accumulation at ISSC, deeper probing depth, complete interdental papilla fill, loose contact, longer contact length, lower contact point level, closer distance between ISSC and tooth, lesser embrasure surface area, tissue‐level implant and cement‐retained restoration were found significantly more in the FI group than the NFI group (p < .05).ConclusionInterproximal features of the implant prosthesis were associated with food impaction between the ISSC and the adjacent tooth, which might affect periodontal and/or peri‐implant tissue health conditions. Patients' OHRQoL was commonly affected by food impaction, but the intensity was low.
Intraoperative complications and early implant failure after transcrestal sinus floor elevation with residual bone height ≤5 mm: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Bernardello Fabio , Spinato Sergio , Mura Rossano , Perelli Michele , Lombardi Teresa , Troiano Giuseppe , Canullo Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinical indications for maxillary sinus floor elevation with transcrestal techniques have increased in recent years even in sites with minimal residual bone height (RBH). Nevertheless, limited information is currently available on incidence of intraoperative complications and early implant failure in these cases.Material and MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study was performed on anonymized clinical and radiographic records of patients who underwent transcrestal sinus floor elevation in seven clinical centers. Influence of different factors related to patient, and sinus anatomy and surgical technique on the incidence of intraoperative complications and early implant failure rate after transcrestal sinus lift were investigated.ResultsA total of 430 patients treated with transcrestal sinus floor elevation for single‐implant insertion in sites with RBH ≤5 mm were included in the final analysis. After 1 year of loading, 418 implants of 430 were satisfactorily in function. Early implant failure was recorded in 12 cases (2.8%); results were significantly associated with the presence of large sinus cavities and with the occurrence of membrane perforation.The following adverse events were recorded: membrane perforation (7.2%), acute sinusitis (0.9%), implant displacement into the sinus cavity (0.7%), oro‐antral fistula (0.2%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (0.5% of osteotome cases). A strong direct correlation between sinus membrane perforation and bucco‐palatal sinus width (p = .000) was demonstrated.ConclusionsEarly implant failure after transcrestal sinus elevation showed significant direct correlation with bucco‐palatal maxillary sinus width and the presence of membrane perforation. Sinus membrane perforation was strongly associated with bucco‐palatal sinus width (extremely low perforation rate in narrow and much higher incidence in wide sinuses).
Cardiac sodium channel inhibition by lamotrigine: In vitro characterization and clinical implications
Authors: Ingleby‐Talecki Lindsey , van Dijkman Sven C. , Oosterholt Sean P. , Della Pasqua Oscar , Winter Christina , Cunnington Marianne , Rebar Linda , Forero‐Schwanhaeuser Sergio , Patel Vickas , Cooper James A. , Bahinski Anthony , Chaudhary Khuram W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLamotrigine, approved for use as an antiseizure medication as well as the treatment of bipolar disorder, inhibits sodium channels in the brain to reduce repetitive neuronal firing and pathological release of glutamate. The shared homology of sodium channels and lack of selectivity associated with channel blocking agents can cause slowing of cardiac conduction and increased proarrhythmic potential. The Vaughan‐Williams classification system differentiates sodium channel blockers using biophysical properties of binding. As such, Class Ib inhibitors, including mexiletine, do not slow cardiac conduction as measured by the electrocardiogram, at therapeutically relevant exposure. Our goal was to characterize the biophysical properties of NaV1.5 block and to support the observed clinical safety of lamotrigine. We used HEK‐293 cells stably expressing the hNaV1.5 channel and voltage clamp electrophysiology to quantify the potency (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) against peak and late channel current, on‐/off‐rate binding kinetics, voltage‐dependence, and tonic block of the cardiac sodium channel by lamotrigine; and compared to clinically relevant Class Ia (quinidine), Ib (mexiletine), and Ic (flecainide) inhibitors. Lamotrigine blocked peak and late NaV1.5 current at therapeutically relevant exposure, with rapid kinetics and biophysical properties similar to the class Ib inhibitor mexiletine. However, no clinically meaningful prolongation in QRS or PR interval was observed in healthy subjects in a new analysis of a previously reported thorough QT clinical trial (SCA104648). In conclusion, the weak NaV1.5 block and rapid kinetics do not translate into clinically relevant conduction slowing at therapeutic exposure and support the clinical safety of lamotrigine in patients suffering from epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
Epidermotropie von Immunzellen unterscheidet Pyoderma gangraenosum vom Ulcus cruris venosum
Authors: Ronicke Moritz , Baur Andreas , Kirr Michael , Erdmann Michael , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Ostalecki Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielePyoderma gangraenosum ist eine ulzerierende, autoinflammatorische Erkrankung. Es gibt keine eindeutigen histopathologischen Merkmale zur Differenzierung von anderen Ursachen chronischer Wunden wie dem Ulcus cruris venosum. Ziel dieser Studie war es, histopathologische Merkmale von Pyoderma gangraenosum und Unterschiede zu venösen Ulzerationen zu detektieren.Patienten und MethodikAcht Gewebeproben von Pyoderma gangraenosum, zwölf Proben von Ulcus cruris venosum und sechs Proben von gesunder Haut wurden einer immunhistologischen Multi‐Antigen‐Analyse unterzogen. Das Immuninfiltrat und seine räumliche Verteilung wurden anhand von Fluoreszenzbildern mit einer Gewebezytometriesoftware analysiert.ErgebnisseDie dichte epidermale Präsenz von CD45RO+‐T‐Gedächtnis‐Zellen und die Rarefizierung von CD1a+‐Langerhans‐Zellen in der Epidermis waren Marker für Pyoderma gangraenosum, welche auch auf eine epidermale Immunreaktion schließen lassen. Darüber hinaus konnte dermal eine hohe Anzahl CD11c+CD68+ pro‐inflammatorischer M1‐Makrophagen nachgewiesen werden. Diese überstieg die Anzahl der in venösen Ulzerationen beobachteten Makrophagen deutlich.SchlussfolgerungenDie histopathologischen Unterschiede zwischen Pyoderma gangraenosum und Ulcus cruris venosum können zur Unterscheidung der beiden Erkrankungen herangezogen werden und somit eine wichtige Hilfe zur schnellen Einleitung einer adäquaten Therapie sein. Darüber hinaus deuten unsere Daten auf einen antigengesteuerten Prozess in der Epidermis hin, möglicherweise unter Beteiligung von CD1a+ Langerhans‐Zellen.
Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und wichtigen Komponenten des metabolischen Syndroms: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse
Authors: Kang Pan , Zhang Wei‐Gang , Ji Zhao‐Hua , Shao Zhong‐Jun , Li Chun‐Ying 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleZiel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Vitiligo und dem metabolischen Syndrom (MetS) sowie dessen relevanten Komponenten.Material und MethodenDie Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library und Embase wurden von deren Beginn bis zum 30. März 2021 nach relevanten Studien durchsucht. Querschnitts‐ und Fall‐Kontroll‐Studien, die entweder die Prävalenz oder die Odds‐Ratio [OR] des MetS oder seiner Komponenten bei Vitiligo‐Patienten berichteten, wurden eingeschlossen. Die Daten wurden entsprechend der Heterogenität entweder mit einem Zufallseffektmodell oder einem Modell mit festen Effekten gepoolt.ErgebnisseEs wurden 30 Studien mit insgesamt 28.325 Vitiligo‐Patienten eingeschlossen. Signifikante Zusammenhänge wurden zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus (gepoolte OR, 3,30; 95 %‐Konfidenzintervall [KI], 2,10–5,17) sowie zwischen Vitiligo und Adipositas (gepoolte OR, 2,08; 95 %‐KI, 1,40–3,11) ermittelt. Die Gesamtprävalenz der Hypertonie bei Patienten mit Vitiligo betrug 19,0 % (95 %‐KI, 2,0 %–36,0 %).SchlussfolgerungenUnserer Ergebnisse lassen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus sowie Hypertonie schließen. Dermatologen wird empfohlen diese Zusammenhänge zu berücksichtigen, um potenzielle Begleiterkrankungen bei Vitiligo‐Patienten zeitnah zu identifizieren. Zudem wird Vitiligo‐Patienten empfohlen, Parameter wie BMI, Blutzuckerspiegel und Blutdruck zu überwachen und bei auffälligen Veränderungen dieser Parameter unverzüglich einen Spezialisten zu konsultieren.
Reported clinical incidents of children with intellectual disability: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Ong Natalie , Mimmo Laurel , Barnett Diana , Long Janet , Weise Janelle , Walton Merrilyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo qualitatively explore reported clinical incidents of children with intellectual disability aged 0 to 18 years.MethodA secondary qualitative evaluation using latent content analysis was used on retrospective hospital incident management reporting data (1st January–31st December 2017) on 1367 admissions for 1018 randomly selected patients admitted to two tertiary children's hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Sex and age at admission in children with and without intellectual disability: 83 (43.7%) versus 507 (43.1%) females and 107 (56.3%) versus 670 (56.9%) males, p=0.875; median age 3 years (0–18y) versus 4 years (0–18y), p=0.122. Of these, 44 patient safety incident reports for children with intellectual disability (sex, SD, and range) and 167 incident reports for children without intellectual disability (sex, SD, and range) were found and analysed.ResultsTen themes were synthesized from the data and represented the groups with and without intellectual disability. Children with intellectual disability had a significantly higher proportion of care issues identified by their parents. They also had higher rates of multiple reported clinical incidents per admission compared to children without intellectual disability.InterpretationMechanisms to advocate and raise patient safety issues for children with intellectual disability are needed. Partnerships with parents and training of staff in reporting clinical incidents for this population would enhance the embedding of reasonable adaptations into incident management systems for ongoing monitoring and improvement.What this paper adds

Children with intellectual disability experienced multiple patient safety incidents per admission compared to children without intellectual disability.
Children with intellectual disability had significantly increased rates of parent‐identified incidents.
Issues with medication, communication, delays in diagnosis and treatment, and identification of deterioration were noted.