bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host Preference of Greenhouse Whitefly: Effect of Poinsettia Cultivars1
Authors: Fischer Steven J. , Shanks James B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sixty-eight poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) were exposed to a population of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.) for 9 weeks. Evaluation was based on 6 degrees of infestation by immature stages of whitefly on the bracts and upper and lower foliage. The upper foliage showed the heaviest infestation and was considered to be the best indicator of relative susceptibility. White bracts were more heavily infested than red bracts, while pink bracts were intermediate. A wide range in degree of whitefly infestation was found among poinsettia cultivars. Certain cultivars tested for 2 years showed appreciable resistance to infestation (‘U.S.D.A. 68-82-1’, ‘U.S.D.A. 68-160-2’, ‘Annette Hegg Maxi’, ‘Red Baron’, ‘Rudolph’).
Studies on Lettuce Seed Quality: IV. Individually Measured Embryo and Seed Characteristics in Relation to Continuous Plant Growth (Vigor) Under Controlled Conditions1
Authors: Soffer Hillel , Smith O. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Physical characteristics measured individually for each lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed and its embryo were significantly correlated with seedling and plant growth (vigor) up to a certain stage, possibly heading, after which the correlations diminished. Embryo physical measurements, although slightly better correlated with subsequent vigor than seed (achene) physical measurements, were highly correlated with those of the whole seed.
Of the 5 physical measurements studied, all but length were found to be associated with early vigor. Thorough statistical analyses place seed and embryo physical characteristics in a consistent and significant order in determining vigor: weight > thickness > density (as measured by an air column) > width > length.
Stem Girdling of Chrysanthemum Cultivars by Chemical Pinching Agents
Authors: Gogue G. Jay , Rasmussen H. Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.)3 cultivars showed a range of stem girdling responses when treated with the chemical pinching agents, a commercial pinching agent (OSO)4 and methyl decanoate (MD). Differential responses were attributed to the number of trichomes per unit area of the stem; resistant cultivars had more trichomes than susceptible cultivars. The stomatal number per unit of stem area was constant for all cultivars. Stem diameter was not a significant factor in the susceptibility of cultivars to girdling damage. Resistance was eliminated by damaging or removing the trichomes of a resistant cultivar. Similar treatment of a susceptible cultivar did not increase susceptibility. Susceptible cultivars absorbed more 14C MD than resistant ones. Injury was positively correlated with 14C MD uptake within cultivars. Methyl decanote did not enter the stem through epidermal cells adjacent to trichomes or the trichome itself, but rather through epidermal cells not in proximity of the trichomes.
Effect of Rates of Poststorage Warming on Ripening of ‘Bartlett’ Pears, Pyrus communis L.1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Parsons R. A. , Mitchell F. G. , Mayer G. , Snyder R. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The wide variability in ripeness frequent in ‘Bartlett’ pears at processing can be reduced by prompt, rapid, and uniform warming. Fruits with an initial core temperature of 0.25°C were uniformly warmed to 20° ± 2°C in 30 minutes when air at a rate of 2079 cc/sec/Kg (2 cfm/lb) of product was pulled over them by a modified forced-air tunnel bin warmer operating in a room with an air temperature of 45°C. These fruits ripened in precisely 4 days, with firmness differing between individual fruits by no more than 1.13 Kg (2.5 lb). Conversely, pears warmed at slower rates simulating current cannery procedures varied by as much as a week in time to ripeness.
The Influence of Processing and Maturity on Volatile Components in Bush Snap Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Toya D. K. , Frazier W. A. , Morgan M. E. , Baggett J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentration of 17 volatile components in canned, frozen, and fresh green bean pods was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Only l-octen-3-ol differed quantitatively with cultivar. Almost all volatile components detected in frozen pods were greatly reduced or lost as compared to those in fresh pods. In canned pods most of the “higher boiling” compounds were found to decrease while some “lower boiling” compounds increased considerably, l-octen-3-ol, a significant component of bean flavor, increased with time after thawing of the frozen samples, while very little change was observed in the concentration of other compounds. In fresh green beans the concentration of l-octen-3-ol was highest early in pod growth and decreased rapidly through the 21st day after anthesis and attainment of maximum marketable pod size.
Effect of Wind Erosion on Production of Snap Beans and Peas1,2
Authors: Bubenzer G. D. , Weis G. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wind and the abrasive action of sand particles had a detrimental effect on the production of snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., and peas, Pisum sativum L. Plants were subjected to winds of 15.5 m/sec for a duration of 20 min. Snap bean yields were reduced approximately 8% due to wind during the seedling stage and 14% when flowering plants were treated. An average reduction of 16% was observed for peas exposed to the same wind conditions, but losses for peas were not significantly influenced by the growth stage at treatment.
Yields of snap beans and peas were inversely related to the soil loss when plants were exposed to wind at the seedling stage. Losses in production from treatment at the latter stages of growth were attributed to the loss of buds and blossoms due to the wind.
Variations in Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Grown Under Nitrogen Stress1
Authors: O’Sullivan John , Gabelman W. H. , Gerloff G. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concept of genetic control of efficiency of nutrient utilization in tomatoes was investigated within naturally occurring variation among 146 strains. Under severe N stress (35 mg of N per plant) in nutrient culture solutions efficient strains produced as much as 45% more dry weight than inefficient strains. Efficiency in N utilization (NER) was defined as the mg of dry weight produced for each mg of N absorbed by a plant. Differences in N uptake and translocation by the root systems did not explain variations in efficiency. At equal total N concentrations in leaves, efficient plants produced larger lower leaves and maintained more normal tissues. High NER values for efficient strains also were associated with greater stem weights and lower total N concentrations. Inheritance studies showed that dominance and additive X additive gene effects made the major contributions to variation in both plant dry weight and N efficiency.
Novel Biomarkers for Posterior Urethral Valve
Authors: Branco Beatriz Castello , Wilnes Bruno , de Castro Pedro Alves Soares Vaz , Vieira Leal Caio Ribeiro , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The posterior urethral valve (PUV) is one of the main causes of congenital obstruction
of the lower urinary tract in pediatrics. Its occurrence, although rare, can cause
chronic kidney disease (CKD), with frequent progression to end stage kidney disease.
Therefore, the development of new diagnostic strategies, such as biomarkers, is crucial to
better assess the prognosis of patients with PUV. We aimed to review the literature on traditional
and new biomarkers in PUV. For that, searches were performed in
PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and SciELO databases. To systematize the search, terms
such as “Posterior Urethral Valve”, “Prognosis”, “Biomarkers” and variations described
in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) database were used. The literature showed new
biomarkers of disease prognosis, with emphasis on inflammatory cytokines, proteomics
and genomics techniques, as well as classic biomarkers, focusing on serum creatinine
and urine osmolality. As for biomarkers recently described in the literature, the 12PUV, a
set of 12 fetal urinary peptides that accurately predicted postnatal kidney function in fetuses
with PUV, stands out. Similarly, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines
and components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), when increased, were indicative
of severe kidney outcomes. Genetic alterations also correlated to worse prognosis among
patients with PUV, with emphasis on RAS polymorphisms and, specifically, those affecting
the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the angiotensin II receptors types 1
and 2 (AGTR1 and AGTR2) genes. Considering the severity of the PUV condition, the
identification of sensitive and cost-effective biomarkers, beyond improving diagnosis,
may favor the investigation of new therapeutic strategies.
Nanoparticle-Based Inhalation Therapy for Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Yadav Dhananjay , Wairagu Peninah M. , Kwak Minseok , Jin Jun-O 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The lung is exposed to various pollutants and is the primary site for the onset of various diseases, including
infections, allergies, and cancers. One possible treatment approach for such pulmonary diseases involves direct
administration of therapeutics to the lung so as to maintain the topical concentration of the drug. Particles with nanoscale
diameters tend to reach the pulmonary region. Nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered significant interest for
applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical industries because of their unique physicochemical properties and
biological activities. In this article, we describe the biological and pharmacological activities of NPs as well as summarize
their potential in the formulation of drugs employed to treat pulmonary diseases. Recent advances in the use
of NPs in inhalation chemotherapy for the treatment of lung diseases have also been highlighted.
A Review on Edible Vaccines and Biopharmaceutical Products from Plants
Authors: Jain Aakanchha , Paradia Pankaj Kumar , Bhavale Rameshwar , Agnihotri Tejas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Plants have substantial potential for the development of various biopharmaceuticals.
Plants provide a cost-effective and direct source for the production of biopharmaceuticals such as
vaccines, antibodies, proteins, enzymes, and hormones. In most cases, purification is an important
and expensive step in the production of these substances. The problem can be resolved when it is
produced in plants and the whole plant can be consumed. Direct ingestion of plant materials may
help in overcoming the purification step. Being produced in seeds, fruits and tubers, it helps in
providing more immunization in developing countries at a cheaper rate. Moreover, it can be administered
more efficiently than any other dosage forms. This review focuses on various immunization
and therapeutic products that are produced in plants along with currently available formulations
in each category.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic Potential, and In silico Analysis of
Rhus chinensis from Western Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Kamal , Shrestha Dipesh , Pokhrel Tamlal , Panta Prasamsha , Pandey Anisha , Dhakal Jeevan , Adhikari Achyut 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Rhus chinensis Mill, indigenous wild fruit primarily found in the hilly region of Nepal. The ripe fruit is very sour and considered medicinal as a remedy for colic pain. In addition, their astringent and styptic qualities are used internally to treat illnesses such as diarrhea and hemorrhage. Also, they are used as a common component of polyherbal medications for diabetic mellitus.

Objectives:
This work aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, antibacterial, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition activity of the crude extract and fractions of Rhus chinensis Mill. Additionally, molecular docking of compounds from Rhus chinensis was performed.

Methods:
Folin Ciocalteu’s (FC) reagent was used for the estimation of total phenolic content. Likewise, the aluminium trichloride method was applied for the determination of total flavonoid content. For the antioxidant activity, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was performed. Furthermore, the substrate-based enzyme inhibition assay was carried out for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity of R. chinensis. P-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-Maltotrioside (CNPG3) were used as substrates for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assay, respectively. Similarly, the well-diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity. Autodock vina was used to perform the molecular docking.

Results:
The total phenolic and flavonoid content of R. chinensis fruit were found 117.092±1.1 mg GAE/g and 62.41±1.23 mg QE/g, respectively. The IC50 value for antioxidant activity of the crude extract and its fractions ranged from 3.12±1.15μg/mL to 50.85±2.10μg/mL. Similarly, the IC50 for α-glucosidase inhibition ranged from2.33±1.01µg/mL to 28.34±2.79μg/mL. Likewise, The IC50 of R. chinensis crude methanolic extract against α-amylase was 120.3±1.382µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of R. chinensis was effective against gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI=11.0) and Bacillus subtilis (ZOI=9.0). Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and Myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside showed excellent binding to the active site of protein with binding energy -9.4kcal/mol and -9.6kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:
Rhus chinensis Mill is a potent antioxidant and inhibits enzymes; α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In addition, the methanolic extract of this plant shows antibacterial activity. However, further research is required to determine the inhibiting compounds.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Quinoxaline Bearing Tetrahydropyridine
Derivatives as Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Anti-
Tubercular Agents
Authors: Ramana M. M. V. , Pavale Ganesh , Acharya Poornima , Korgavkar Nilesh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Quinoxaline and Tetrahydropyridine derivatives showed various biological
properties. The combination of these two scaffolds may contribute to good biological activity and
may give novel and efficacious bioactive candidates.

Objective:
The present study aimed to identify bioactive agents with quinoxaline bearing tetrahydropyridine derivatives possessing anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-tubercular agents.

Method:
A series of novel quinoxaline bearing tetrahydropyridine derivatives have been designed
and synthesized in good yields. The synthetic protocol involves three-component Povarov reactions
of 6-amino quinoxaline, propenyl guaethol, and substituted aldehydes using BF3·OEt2 as catalyst.
The newly synthesized molecules were evaluated for their anticancer activity against four cell lines,
i.e. A-549, MCF-7, PC-3, and HepG2.

Results:
The results from in vitro assay indicated that compound 4a proved to be as potent as the
standard drug adriamycin against all cell lines with GI50 values <10 μg/ml. Compounds 4b, 4f, and
4i exhibited good cytotoxicity against A-549 cell line. All synthesized molecules were evaluated for
their antioxidant activity and the results revealed that the compounds 4a, 4b, and 4i showed promising
antioxidant activities against DPPH and H2O2 scavenging. In addition, the anti-mycobacterial
activity of the synthesized compounds against MTB H37Rv strain was determined using the
MABA method. The results indicate that the compounds 4a, 4b, 4g, and 4i showed better antimycobacterial
activity than the standard drugs pyrazinamide, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin with
an MIC value of 1.6 μg/ml. Furthermore, molecular docking studies and ADME properties showed
good pharmacokinetic profile and drug-likeness properties.

Conclusion:
These studies showed that a series of novel quinoxaline bearing tetrahydropyridine derivatives
exhibit anticancer, anti-mycobacterial, and antioxidant activities.
The triple junction of the North America, Cocos, and Caribbean plates. What we know, what we don’t
Authors: Guzmán-Speziale Marco 
Published: August 2022

We present a summary of the tectonic elements of the North America-Caribbean-Cocos triple junction area. In the vicinity of the triple junction, displacement related to the North America-Caribbean plate boundary takes place along the left-lateral Motagua-Polochic fault system, and convergence between the Cocos and the other two plates occurs along the Middle America trench.
The trace of the Motagua-Polochic system is lost at its westernmost end and does not reach the convergent boundary. Deformation of the plate boundary in this location is then distributed along a system of reverse faults (the Reverse-faults tectonic province), a system of left-lateral faults (Strike-slip faults province), two or more large NW-SE oriented left-lateral faults (Angostura and Concordia faults), and a left-lateral fault (Tonalá) that might be construed as the continuation of the Polochic fault along the southern border of the Chiapas Massif.
Somewhere within this deformation zone, transition in overriding plate between North America and Caribbean takes place, but it is not clear exactly where. It is probably at about longitude 96° W because both the dip and the shape of the subducted Cocos slab change significantly at this longitude.
Efektivitas Latihan Interval Intensitas Sedang Terhadap Perubahan Basal Metabolic Rate Pada Perempuan Obesitas
Authors: Arti Widi , Widanti Herista Novia , Anjasmara Bagas 
Published: August 2022

Obesitas terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan energi dalam jangka waktu lama di mana asupan energi lebih besar dibandingkan pengeluarannya. Pada orang obese memiliki akumulasi lemak yang abnormal di adalam tubuh seperti lipatan bawah kuliat dan jaringan lainnya sehingga keluaran energi lebih rendah. Aktivitas fisik mendorong peningkatan keluaran energi total baik secara akut maupun kronis Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan efek akut pada latihan interval intensitas sedang terhadap peningkatan basal metabolic rate (BMR)setelah latihan pada perempuan obesitas. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian field experimental dengan jenis rancangan the pretest and posttest . Subjek adalah karyawan perempuan yang bekerja di Nurul Hayat Surabaya usia kisaran 19-32 tahun. Subjek berjumlah 7 orang sebagai unit eksperimen. Perlakuan berupa latihan interval intensitas sedang 75-85% MHR. Penelitian ini dilakukan tiga kali pengukuran pretest (sebelum latihan), posttest 1 (30 menit setelah latihan) dan posttest 2 (22-24 jam setelah latihan). BMR di ukur menggunakan Spirometer Harvard Apparatus. Hasil penelitian Latihan interval tidak terdapat perubahan peningkatan bermakna pada pengukuran hari pertama pretest – posttest 1 (30 menit setelah latihan) dan terjadi perubahan peningkatan bermakna pada hari kedua posttest 2 (22-24 jam setelah latihan).
Electrical Stimulation Dan Passive Exercise Efektif Dalam Meningkatkan Kekuatan Otot Pasien Lesi Nervus Radialis
Authors: Nugraha Dimas Arya , Hamidah Nurma Auliya , Rachmawati Novita Dwi 
Published: August 2022

Lesi Nervus Radialis merupakan suatu injury berupa keadaan yang abnormal pada lengan, dimana otot-otot yang disarafi oleh plexus brachialis mengalami kelumpuhan. Pada gangguan lesi plexus brachialis dapat terjadi atrofi yang disebabkan karena lengan inaktif bergerak. Manifestasi dari Lesi Nervus Radialis salah satunya adalah Drop Hand. Metode yang digunakan pada kasus ini yaitu Modalitas Electrical Stimulation dan Passive Exercise yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kekuatan otot pada pasien lesi nervus radialis. Setelah dilakukan terapi selama enam kali didapatkan hasil perubahan meningkatnya kekuatan otot pada gerakan Palmar Flexi T0 : 5 menjadi T6 : 5, Dorsal Flexi T0 : 1 menjadi T6 : 3, Radial Deviasi T0 : 2 menjadi T6 : 3, dan Ulnar Deviasi T0 : 4 menjadi T6 : 5.
Health Beliefs Associated With Metformin Use Among Insured Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: McEwen Laura N. , Hurst Thomas E. , Joiner Kevin L. , Herman William H. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
To use the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore factors associated with metformin use among adults with prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed survey data from 200 metformin users and 1,277 nonmetformin users with prediabetes identified from a large, insured workforce. All subjects were offered the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) at no out-of-pocket cost. We constructed bivariate and multivariate models to investigate how perceived threat, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action impacted metformin use and how demographic, clinical, sociopsychological, and structural variables impacted the associations.

RESULTS
Adults with prediabetes who used metformin were younger and more likely to be women and to have worse self-rated health and higher BMIs than those with prediabetes who did not use metformin. Those who used metformin were also more likely to be aware of their prediabetes and to have a personal history of gestational diabetes mellitus or a family history of diabetes. After consideration of perceived threat, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action, the only independent predictors of metformin use were younger age, female sex, higher BMI, and cues to action, most specifically, a doctor offering metformin therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Demographic and clinical factors and cues to action impact the likelihood of metformin use for diabetes prevention. Perceived threat, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy were not independently associated with metformin use. These results highlight the importance of patient-centered primary care and shared decision-making in diabetes prevention. Clinicians should proactively offer metformin to patients with prediabetes to facilitate effective diabetes prevention.
Urban planning analysis of the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia with a view to its
sustainable development
Authors: Ovchinnikova N. G. , Latsuzhba A. M. , Kvarchia H. R. 
Published: August 2022

The article presents an urban planning analysis of the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia, including an analysis of climate, relief, historical and cultural heritage, existing functional zoning for the purpose of rational use of the territory;
The analysis of the existing purpose for the future will improve the layout of buildings and structures, taking into account the ecological and landscape condition of the territory, the quality of transport infrastructure, compositional and visual perception of the territory
Criteria for determining the market value of real estate for adjustments to their cadastral value
Authors: Tikhonova K. V. , Kutsenko M. M. 
Published: August 2022

The analysis of the formed market system is given, in which the procedure for determining the ca-dastral value seems to be the most problematic. It is the cadastral value that is the basis for calculat-ing the main indicators of the payment of non-property objects and determines the subject of dis-putes between the state, citizens and entrepreneurs in terms of the amount of such payments.
According to the current legislation, namely Federal Law No. 135-FZ of 29.07.1998 "On Valuation activities in the Russian Federation", the results of cadastral valuation can be challenged by individ-uals and legal entities in court or in a commission established under the Federal Register.
Since the cadastral value was determined by mass valuation methods, the final value may incorrectly reflect market reality. However, all the current regulatory legal acts, methodological guidelines for evaluation are aimed at more correct execution of appraisal activities and, accordingly, at displaying adequate results of real estate valuation.