bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in Trace Element Analysis
Authors: Barik Pallavi , Mehta Ashish , Makhija Rahul , Saha Moumita , Asati Vivek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique
for trace element analysis, finding widespread applications across diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals,
food safety, and biological sciences. This technique is known for its exceptional sensitivity
and capability to measure multiple elements simultaneously. Moreover, it provides critical
insights into heavy metal and trace element content in diverse matrices, making it an indispensable
tool in scientific research and regulatory compliance. Also, it plays a pivotal role in ensuring compliance
with regulatory standards and safeguarding human health and the environment. Its sensitivity,
versatility, and ability to provide accurate elemental analysis make it an invaluable tool for researchers,
regulators, and industries alike. As technological advancements continue, addressing challenges
and refining methodologies will further elevate the capabilities of ICP-MS in trace element analysis.
The review discussed the various research performed using ICP-MS to detect heavy metals in raw
materials, APIs, excipients, packaged food, seafood, blood samples, human hair, etc. Further, it mentioned
the impact of higher concentrations of toxic metals on human health. This article provides a
concise overview of ICP-MS, encompassing its principles, applications, and challenges, and highlighting
its pivotal role in various fields.
Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Coconut Shell-based Activated Carbon Using H3PO4 and Zncl2
Authors: Raut Ekta R , Bedmohata (Thakur) Monita A , Chaudhari Archana R 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
This research focuses on the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass in the
form of activated carbon, which can be further utilized for adsorption studies. Presently, waste generated
during cultivation, livestock production, and aquaculture is treated by conventional disposal
methods like landfilling, open-field burning and composting, which leads to land contamination and
air pollution. Moreover, a potential material like lignocellulosic biomass present in agricultural waste
has not been utilized properly despite its many advantages.

Methods:
Bio-based circular economy signifies the use of bio-based waste to produce value-added
products, which will help in minimizing waste. In this research, activated carbon has been prepared
from coconut shells by using two chemical agents such as H3PO4 and ZnCl2. The washed and dried
coconut shells were activated in the temperature range of 600-900°C for 1 hr. The impregnation ratio
of dried shells and activating agents taken was 1:1 to 1:3. The activated material was then washed
and stored for further characterization and adsorption studies. All the obtained products were then
compared to optimize the preparation conditions of temperature and ratio.

Results:
Experimental results revealed that, zinc chloride activation gives better results than phosphoric
acid activation. Even though H3PO4 is also a good activator, it may cause corrosion of the
equipment due to acid and alkali metal attacks. The optimized ratio of impregnation was found to be
1:1 with an activation temperature of 900°C.

Conclusion:
These conditions of ratio discovered the mechanism of ZnCl2 activation. Zinc chloride
activation allows the liquid activating agent to intercalate into the carbon matrix and also extends up
to interlayers of carbon, which consequently produces pores at a temperature above its melting point.
A high amount of activating agent increases the removal of light hydrocarbon and volatile matter due
to collapsing of aliphatic and aromatic bonds, thereby causing weight loss.
The Presence of Nitrosamines and Nitrosamine Drug-Related Substances in Pharmaceutical Products: An Overview of Regulatory Concerns, Analytical Methodologies, and Control Strategies
Authors: Dhansekar Neha , Rale Pratiksha , Ghalsasi yogesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The presence of N-nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical products is well known.
In 2019, it resulted in drug recall by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Soon, several
groups identified the presence of many N-nitrosamines (NAs) in various Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (APIs) and drug formulations worldwide. Moreover, in the last two years, another
type of NAs was identified and detected in several pharmaceutical products. These are easily
formed from the parent drug molecule and are known as Nitrosamine drug-related substances
(NDSRIs). The amine group plays a major and unique role in the synthesis of many drug molecules,
and hence, it is practically impossible to eliminate the presence of NAs and NDSRIs from
drug products. The risk assessment of the health hazard to the patient was done, and the FDA has
set the maximum daily acceptable intake (AI) at 18 ng/day for NAs. This limit poses a significant
challenge in isolating, identifying and quantifying NAs and NDSRIs in APIs and formulations.
For small, simple NAs, a lot of toxicological information and carcinogenetic data is available;
however, for NDSRIs, such data is practically absent. This review article attempts to gather
the toxicological data for a few NAs and NDSRIs and tries to assess the genotoxicity potential of
some NDSRIs. The possible sources of NAs and NDSRIs, including synthetic methodology and
processes, impurities associated with intermediates or raw materials, stability of the API, packaging
materials, imprinting inks, and excipients, are also discussed. A summary of different analytical
techniques used for the detection of these NAs and NDSRIs in different pharmaceutical
products has also been included. Finally, various strategies employed for the minimization of
these impurities along with additional control strategies to mitigate NAs and NDSRIs below acceptable
limits, have also been discussed.
Recent Prospectives of Cellular Signaling Role for Mammary Gland Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kashyap Monu Kumar , Roy Sikma , Jaiswal Shiwani , Verma Shweta , Srivastava Siddhartha , Nigam Amit Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh , Singh Bandana , Tiwari Ved Prakash , Mahima Mahima , Ved Akash , Shukla Karuna S. , Singh Namrata 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
In women globally, breast cancer ranks as the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths,
making up about 25% of female cancer cases, which is pretty standard in affluent countries. Breast cancer is
divided into subtypes based on aggressive, genetic and stage. The precise cause of the problem is still unknown.
However, the following significant risk factors have been found: sex, age, heredity, not having children, breastfeeding,
elevated hormone levels, and personal lifestyle. The presence or lack of three nuclear receptors ER, PR,
and HER2/ERBB2 (triple negative) and the amplification of the HER2/ErbB2 gene are the clinical criteria used to
classify breast cancer. Chemotherapy is still the cornerstone of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer
(TNBC), even. If, for the first two groups of patients,receptor-specific therapy is used. The most often prescribed
chemotherapy agents for the treatment of breast cancer include doxorubicin (DOX), curcumin paclitaxel (PTX),
docetaxel (DCX), thioridazine (THZ), disulfiram (DSF), and camptothecin (CPT). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
were used in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to bind tumor-associated target antigens selectively and deliver
very effective cytotoxic agents. According to recent research, synthetic derivatives effectively combat both MCF-
7 and breast cancer cell lines that are resistant to many drugs. This review provides a wealth of information on the
mechanism of action of synthetic derivatives on multidrug-resistant cell lines. This review includes information
about how synthetic derivatives affect cancer cells that have developed multidrug resistance during chemotherapy.
These mechanisms have been linked to factors such as increased drug efflux, genetic factors, growth factors,
increased DNA repair capacity, and elevated xenobiotic metabolism. Because of this, more research is necessary
to learn more about the effectiveness of synthetic derivatives against breast cancer and cell lines that are resistant
to several drugs. This review aims to find recent prospects of various types of cellular signaling pathways
(JAK/STAT, Akt, MAPK, etc.) involved in the progression of breast cancer disorder, and we also study different
synthetic and natural drugs that are applied for treating breast cancer.
Progress on One-dimensional Vanadium Pentoxide-based Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Storage ANSTEEL Research Institute of Vanadium & Titanium (Iron & Steel), China
Authors: Ni Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
One-dimensional (1D) vanadium-based nanostructures have advantageous properties and
are showing emerging critical applications in the fields of catalysis, smart devices, and electrochemical
energy storage. We herein timely gave an overview of the 1D vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)-based
nanomaterials for these promising applications, especially regarding the merits of different synthetic
methods, structures and properties combined with recent research frontiers in advanced energy storage,
including batteries, supercapacitors and like. The high capacity, high rate and flexibility of 1D
V2O5-based nanomaterials endow them with great potential in high-energy-density, high-power energy
devices and specific/harsh environments. Finally, the directions and suggestions are provided
for further development of this emerging and promising field.
A Robust NSCLC Biomarker- Mir-7-5p: Its In-Silico Validation and Potential SPR-Based Probe for Detection
Authors: Dhara Chandrajeet , Dhara Anindita , Gantayat Saumyatika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
MicroRNA abundance as a particular biomarker for precisely identifying cancer me-tastases has emerged in recent years. The expression levels of miRNA are analyzed to get insights into cancer tissue detection and subtypes. Similar to other cancer types, the miRNA shows high levels of target mRNA dysregulation in association with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Among many promising cancer biomarkers for NSCLC, miR-7-5p has shown significant down-regulation in the NSCLC tissues and targets proto-oncogenes like PAK2 and NOVA2. The ex-pression levels of different proto-oncogenes targeting the miR-7-5p in NSCLC showed that the EGFR-mutated NSCLC has an experimental validation. The target validation of the miR-7-5p could be analyzed using SPR (Surface plasmon resonance) based sensors at a single nanoparticle level, such as Au nanocube, due to its high specificity and accountability. Despite being an accountable tool for cancer diagnosis, miRNA-based biomarkers sometimes cause poor diagnostic specificity and reproducibility due to their heterogenicity and immunogenicity in cancer detection. To overcome these shortcomings, the biomarkers need to be validated according to recent clinical studies.
Modification of Chitosan/PEG4000 dispersed with Lithium Triflate (LiCF\(_3\)SO\(_3\)) as a solid polymer electrolyte for the secondary battery
Authors: Sari Kartika , Haryadi Arifin Nur Muhammad , Khusaenah Nur , Sudaryanto  , Yulianti Evi , Utomo Agung Bambang Setio 
Published: January 2025

Secondary battery solid electrolytes attract researchers' attention for being one of the components of the anode and cathode separation in batteries. Currently, battery electrolytes on the market are liquid-based, which have weaknesses in their safety and are not environmentally friendly. Solid-based electrolytes can be a good choice since they excel in the safety and stability of mechanical and electrical properties; however, they still have the disadvantage of low conductivity values (~10-4 - 10-6 S/cm), thus requiring modification. The solid electrolytes modification using chitosan can be done by adding other polymers and salts as fillers and Li+ ion-making agents. This scientific paper offers an overview of the development of chitosan-based secondary battery solid electrolytes with the addition of PEG4000 polymer and LiCF3SO3. The study was conducted using the solution casting method producing solid electrolytes in the form of membranes. The addition of PEG4000 and LiCF3SO3 affected the microstructure and electrical permittivity of the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. PEG4000 as a plasticizer had no significant effect on inter- and intra-molecular bonds due to poor membrane homogeneity; meanwhile, LiCF3SO3 could increase the permittivity and ionic conductivity of the chitosan polymer solid electrolyte membrane to 3.199 x 10-7 S/cm. The chitosan polymer solid electrolyte membrane with the addition of PEG4000 and 30% LiCF3SO3 salt has an optimal value compared to other salt concentration variations. The results of this research concluded that LiCF3SO3 is evenly dispersed in the chitosan/PEG4000 solid polymer electrolyte membrane enabling it to be used as a secondary battery solid electrolyte.
Analisis Daya Dukung Pertanian Terhadap Tekanan Penduduk di Desa Kalukubula Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru
Authors: Alamsyar Al , Rizki Adam Adinda Elfara , Mulaputri Ma’mur Sitti Hardiyanti 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya dukung lahan pertanian terhadap tekanan penduduk di Desa Kalukubula. Fokus penelitian ini adalah perbandingan ketersediaan dan kebutuhan lahan pertanian dengan daya dukung wilayah terhadap kebutuhan pangan penduduk di Desa Kalukubula. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) yakni di wilayah Desa Kalukubula Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi dengan mempertimbankan bahwa wilayah ini mengalami degradasi lahan pertanian dikarenakan tingginya peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Penelitian ini dilakasanakan pada bulan Desember 2023. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Data tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui luasan lahan pertanian pangan dan jumlah penduduk yang ada di Desa kalukubula yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Sigi dan BPP Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum di lokasi penelitian yang diuraikan secara deskriptif. Analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan adalah analisis daya dukung lahan. Hasil perhitungan nilai status daya dukung lahan didapatkan bahwa nilai ketersedian lahan lebih kecil dari pada nilai kebutuhan lahan, dengan kata lain lahan pertanian yang tersedia defisit atau terlampaui. Sementara itu, nilai daya dukung wilayah Desa Kalukubula ℓ < 1 yang dengan kata lain luasan lahan pertanian padi sawah yang ada telah terbatas luasanyanya sehingga swasembada pangan pada wilayah ini belum bisa terwujud.
Hubungan Diantara Beberapa Sifat Fisika Tanah pada Penggunaan Lahan Berbeda
Authors: Widjajanto Danang , Monde Anthon , Rahman Abdul , Zainuddin Rachmat , Hasanah Uswah , Prahastuti Sri Wahidah , Nurfadila Nurfadila , Gailea Rosmaniar 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keeratan hubungan antara beberapa sifat fisika tanah pada beberapa penggunaan lahan berbeda. Survai tanah stratifikasi dilakukan pada penggunaan lahan sawah, hutan, dan cabai. Analisis sifat fisika tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi pertanian intensif menyebabkan perubahan bobot volume, konduktivitas hidrauik, karbon organik, dan kadar air tanah kapasitas lapang. Keeratan hubungan diantara bobot volume tanah dan kadar air kapasitas lapang maupun bobot volume tanah dan konduktivitas hidraulik tergolong pada kriteria kuat dan sangat kuat. Hubungan diantara karbon organik dengan konduktivitas hidraulik maupun karbon organik dan kadar air kapasitas lapang tergolong kriteria sedang dan kuat.
Potensi Tegakan Eboni pada Hutan Alam di KPH Dampelas Tinombo Desa Tonggolobibi Kecamatan Sojol Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Rachman Imran , Dg Massiri Sudirman , Anwar Anwar 
Published: January 2025

Kayu eboni (Diospyroscelebeca Bakh.) merupakan jenis kayu mewah yang sudah terkenal, baik didalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Bukan saja karena kekuatannya dan keawetannya, tetapi warna dan corak kayunya mempunyai nilai artistik tersendiri. Pemanfaatan potensi hasil hutan kayu yang terdapat pada tegakan hutan, untuk berbagai keperluan, dilakukan terhadap jenis-jenis yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Potensi tegakan Eboni di Areal KPH Dampelas Tinombo Desa Tonggolobibi Kecamatan Sojol Kabupaten Donggala. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan September 2024 dan menggunakan metode survei sampling jalur sistematik, dengan luas 30 Ha dan jumlah jalur coba/sampling sebanyak 10 (sepuluh) buah dengan panjang jalur 15.000 meter, dan jarak antara sumbu jalur 500 meter. Semua pohon yang di amati berada dalam wadah sepanjang jalur pengamatan. Metode sampling jalur sistematik merupakan suatu metode yang ditentukan berdasarkan luas tertentu dari unit contohnya, yakni berdasarkan dengan unit contoh berbentuk jalur yang terdistribusi secara sistematik. Sistematik di sini diartikan bahwa jalur tersebar merata dengan lebar jalur dan jarak antar jalur yang selalu tetap dari satu jalur ke jalur lainnya.metode ini menggunakan intensitas sebesar 4,25 %. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan tentang Potensi Tegakan Eboni Pada Hutan Alam di KPH Dampelas Tinumbo Desa Tonggolobibi Kecamatan Sojol Kabupaten Donggala, dapat diketahui bahwa jumlah keseluruhan untuk tingkat semai adalah 18 pohon sedangkan tingkat pancang adalah 46 pohon.Berdasarkan rata-rata perhektar untuk tingkat tiang adalah 0,06 M³ sedangkan tingkat pohon adalah 0,20 M³.
Influence of Vermicompost and Biofertilizers on Yield and Economic Feasibility of Dragon Fruit
Authors: Pratap Ravi , Tripathi V. K. , Trivedi A. K. 
Published: January 2025

An experiment was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during March to October 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the influence of vermicompost and biofertilizers on yield and economic feasibility of newly planted Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costarecencis) in Kanpur region using eleven treatments viz., T1-Control; T2-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1); T3-Azotobacter (50 g plant-1); T4-Azospirillium (50 g plant-1); T5-PSB (50 g plant-1); T6 -Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1) and Azotobacter (50 g plant-1); T7-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1) and Azospirillium (50 g plant-1); T8-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1) and PSB (50 g plant-1); T9-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1), Azotobacter (50 g plant-1) and Azospirillium (50 g plant-1); T10-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1), Azotobacter (50 g plant-1) and PSB (50 g plant-1) and T11-Vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1), Azospirillium (50 g plant-1) and PSB (50 g plant-1) in RBD with three replications. Data obtained during experimentation revealed that from the second year of planting, the yield and economics were significantly influenced by vermicompost and biofertilizer application. The maximum number of fruits per pillar (12.64), estimated yield (6.50 t ha-1), cost of cultivation (` 131645.60 ha-1), gross return (` 520000.00 ha-1), net return (` 388354.40 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (3.95) were found with vermicompost (0.5 kg plant-1), Azospirillium (50 g plant-1) and PSB (50 g plant-1) in the second year of planting which may increase in subsequent years due to increase the number of fruits and yield plant-1. Dragon fruit has high potential in northern India, remaining remunerative from the second year after planting and up to twenty years.
Магнитная левитация, основанная на ослаблении воздействия одного из магнитных полей на источник другого магнитного поля при взаимодействии двух магнитных полей.( версия 2)
Authors: Дударев Валерий 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются устройство и способ создания электромагнитной силы, имеющей строго определенный вектор действия. Для силы Лоренца при взаимодействии точечных заряженных частиц нарушается третий закон Ньютона. Восстановить справедливость этого закона Ньютона в случае силы Лоренца можно переформулировав его как закон сохранения импульса (ЗСИ) в замкнутой системе из частиц и электромагнитного поля. При этом рассматривается взаимодействие в однородной и изотропной среде. В случае магнитного поля распространяющегося в однородной и изотропной среде, создаваемого электрическими зарядами одного проводника, оно воздействует на электрические заряды другого проводника, при этом возникает сила Ампера. Второй проводник создает собственное магнитное поле, которое воздействует на заряды первого проводника и создает противодействующую силу Ампера. В этом случае две действующие противоположно силы уравновешивают друг друга в рассматриваемой системе. Предлагаемая конструкция является неоднородной и неизотропной средой, которая разделяет пути распространения магнитных полей таким образом, что противодействующая сила значительно ослабляется или не возникает совсем в рассматриваемом устройстве. Принцип равенства действующей и противодействующей сил не выполняется.
Planning the Coordinate Measurements of a Freeform Surface after Milling based on a CAD Model Simulating the Surface after Machining
Authors: Werner Andrzej , Poniatowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes the planning of coordinate measurements of freeform surfaces based on a model simulating the surface after machining. This model is created by the determination of a theoretical tool deflection during machining. The determined components of the simulated machining deviations are used in the reconstruction of the nominal CAD model of the surface into a model simulating the geometry of the surface after machining. This model is subdivided into areas corresponding to the assumed machining deviation intervals. This makes it possible to control the number and distribution of measuring points in separate sections of the manufactured surface. Coordinate measurements of the machined surface are made in areas where maximum deviations are expected. Here, the number and distribution of measuring points are controlled over a wide range. Coordinate measurements in other areas are carried out with significantly fewer points or may be omitted altogether. This approach makes it possible to reduce the measurement time without losing important information affecting the evaluation result. The method proposed in this paper has been tested on samples containing freeform surface. The test object was manufactured using a 3-axis milling technique with a spherical end mill.
Model of Human Resource Management in Manufacturing Companies Using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Authors: Czerwińska Karolina , Pacana Andrzej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Measuring the performance of manufacturing enterprises is now a key component of developmental organizational management. Key performance indicators make it possible to determine the effectiveness of implemented changes, set new goals and confirm the reasonableness of incurred expenditures. However, a key difficulty is the selection of adequate metrics, which should correspond to strategic objectives and be tailored to the specifics of the enterprise. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to present a model for effective human resource management in manufacturing enterprises based on key performance indicators. The developed model makes it possible to justify the necessity and examine the relevance of decisions made and investments incurred. The originality of the study is due to the methodological nature and concerns the model used, which is the author’s tool for supervising the development strategy of the organization taking into account the well-being of employees. The presented model can provide important support for managers shaping the personnel policy of the enterprise and carrying out tasks in the field of employer branding.