bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of laser process parameters in direct energy deposition on microstructure, layer characteristics, and microhardness of TC21 alloy
Authors: Elshaer Ramadan Nagy , Elshazli Ahmed Magdi , Hussein Abdel Hamid Ahmed , Al-Sayed Samar Reda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, layers consisting of 40% Stellite-6 and 60% WC were deposited on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Nb-1.5Cr-0.1Si (TC21) alloy by means of direct energy deposition (DED) technology aiming to improve the microstructure and microhardness. Five powder feeding rates ranging from 20 to 100 ɡ min−1 were applied using CW fiber-coupled diode laser with 4 kW output power. The deposited layers were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results show that WC particles are dispersed in a heterogeneous manner in the deposition zone, especially at the rates 20, 40, and 60 ɡ min−1. In addition, microcracks appeared in the interface zone particularly at 100 ɡ min−1 due to the higher induced residual stresses caused by the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between Stellite-6, WC particles, and TC21 substrate alloy. Several complex carbides and intermetallic compounds such as W2C, TiC, Cr7C3, Co3W3C, and Co25Cr25W8C2 were detected in the deposited layers depending on the powder feeding rate. With further increase in the powder feeding rate, the fractions of W2C and the bulk (unmelted) WC particles were increased and that of the TiC particle was reduced correspondingly due to the thermal diffusion. The layer thickness increased from 1.3 to 2.7 mm when the powder feeding rate increased from 40 to 100 ɡ min−1, while the dilution ratio decreased from 23 to 5.3% as a result of the thermal diffusion of the laser energy. The microhardness of the composite was found to be three times higher than that recorded for the TC21 substrate (1020 vs. 340 HV0.05). The results revealed that the best homogeneous microstructure with the highest microhardness was achieved at the powder feeding rate of 100 ɡ min−1 whereas microcracks free layers were accomplished at 40 ɡ min−1.
Regulation of T3SS synthesis, assembly and secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Selim Hend , Radwan Tharwat E. E. , Reyad Amany M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractT3SS is an important virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has a central role in the infection process. However, the functional regulation of the T3SS by environmental signals is poorly understood. In our lab, we use fluorescence microscopy to study protein kinetics in real-time in live cells. In P. aeruginosa, results have shown that T3SS appears as bright foci at the cell membrane with no specific arrangement. In addition, T3SS is tightly controlled as it appears under a limited time period with the highest intensity at 3 h then disappears. Surprisingly, only 2.5% of the all assembled T3SS in the population have detectable ExoS synthesis. While T3SS assembly and ExoS synthesis increased under high salt concentration, they unexpectedly were not affected by different cyclic di-GMP levels. On the other hand, T3SS itself has an effect on the cyclic di-GMP levels inside the cell. Data have shown that despite T3SS in P. aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica belong to the same the group, the two systems differentiate greatly in activity and regulation. We can conclude that every T3SS is unique and thus further studies are needed to elucidate the functional regulation of each system to better help effective inhibitor design.
Microbiota in sports
Authors: Mańkowska Katarzyna , Marchelek-Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Kochan Piotr , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Konopka Tomasz , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Roszkowska Paulina , Cecerska-Heryć Elżbieta , Siennicka Aldona , Konopka Justyna , Dołęgowska Barbara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of microbiota on the human body is currently the subject of many studies. The composition of bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract varies depending on genetic make-up, lifestyle, use of antibiotics or the presence of diseases. The diet is also important in the species diversity of the microbiota. This study is an analysis of the relationships between physical activity, diet, and the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in athletes. This review shows the differences in the microbial composition in various sports disciplines, the influence of probiotics on the microbiome, the consequence of which may be achieved even better sports results. Physical activity increases the number of bacteria, mainly of the Clostridiales order and the genus: Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Veillonella, and their number varies depending on the sports discipline. These bacteria are present in athletes in sports that require a high VO2 max. The players’ diet also influences the composition of the microbiota. A diet rich in dietary fiber increases the amount of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium bacteria, probiotic microorganisms, which indicates the need to supplement the diet with probiotic preparations. It is impossible to suggest an unambiguous answer to how the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract changes in athletes and requires further analyzes.
Distinct and Temporally Stable Assembly Mechanisms Shape Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Vineyard Soils
Authors: Larsen Stefano , Albanese Davide , Stegen James , Franceschi Pietro , Coller E. , Zanzotti Roberto , Ioriatti Claudio , Stefani Erika , Pindo Massimo , Cestaro Alessandro , Donati Claudio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities in agricultural soils are fundamental for plant growth and in vineyard ecosystems contribute to defining regional wine quality. Managing soil microbes towards beneficial outcomes requires knowledge of how community assembly processes vary across taxonomic groups, spatial scales, and through time. However, our understanding of microbial assembly remains limited. To quantify the contributions of stochastic and deterministic processes to bacterial and fungal assembly across spatial scales and through time, we used 16 s rRNA gene and ITS sequencing in the soil of an emblematic wine-growing region of Italy.Combining null- and neutral-modelling, we found that assembly processes were consistent through time, but bacteria and fungi were governed by different processes. At the within-vineyard scale, deterministic selection and homogenising dispersal dominated bacterial assembly, while neither selection nor dispersal had clear influence over fungal assembly. At the among-vineyard scale, the influence of dispersal limitation increased for both taxonomic groups, but its contribution was much larger for fungal communities. These null-model-based inferences were supported by neutral modelling, which estimated a dispersal rate almost two orders-of-magnitude lower for fungi than bacteria.This indicates that while stochastic processes are important for fungal assembly, bacteria were more influenced by deterministic selection imposed by the biotic and/or abiotic environment. Managing microbes in vineyard soils could thus benefit from strategies that account for dispersal limitation of fungi and the importance of environmental conditions for bacteria. Our results are consistent with theoretical expectations whereby larger individual size and smaller populations can lead to higher levels of stochasticity.
Generation of stable homozygous transformants of diploid yeasts such as Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Authors: Sandmann Gerhard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The nonconventional yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is an established platform for genetic pathway modification. A genetic tool box is available and can be used extensively to select from for different engineering strategies. Due to the diploid nature of X. dendrorhous, genetic transformation typically results in heterozygous lines. They are genetically unstable and lose their phenotypes caused by mitotic recombination. In addition, targeted integration for inactivation of genes of the carotenoid pathway resulted in an intermediary phenotype of incomplete pathway disruption. This issue is the main scope of this review. It is illustrated by using genetic modification of the carotenoid pathway of X. dendrorhous as a model system with a focus on the demonstration of how to solve these problems by generation of homozygous lines. They can be selected from heterozygous transformants after spontaneous mitotic recombination and selection or after induced meiotic recombination. Corresponding methods of how to proceed including the initiation of a sexual cycle are described. The selected segregated lines are stable in fermenter cultures without the need of selection pressure. This is an essential requirement for any industrial application.

Key points
• Genetic interventions of diploid yeasts result in heterozygous transformants that are unstable without selection pressure.
• This is due to mitotic recombination leading to the elimination of inserted DNA.
• Stable homozygous lines can be obtained and selected after either meiotic or mitotic recombination.
Colonoscopy Needs for Implementation of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Ukraine
Authors: Welten Vanessa M. , Wanis Kerollos Nashat , Semeniv Solomiia , Shabat Galyna , Dabekaussen Kirsten F. A. A. , Davids Jennifer S. , Beznosenko Andriy , Suprun Ulana , Soeteman Djøra I. , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Ukraine, there is no established colorectal cancer screening program. We aimed to project the number of screening colonoscopies needed for implementation of various CRC screening strategies in Ukraine.MethodsWe modified a previously developed Markov microsimulation model to reflect the natural history of adenoma and CRC progression among average‐risk 50–74‐year‐olds. We simulated colonoscopies needed for the following screening strategies: no screening, fecal occult blood test yearly, FOBT yearly with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, FS every 5 years, fecal immunohistochemistry test (FIT) yearly, or colonoscopy every 10 years. Assuming 80% screening adherence, we estimated colonoscopies required at 1 and 5 years depending on the implementation rate. In one‐way sensitivity analyses, we varied implementation rate, screening adherence, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsAssuming an 80% screening adherence and complete implementation (100%), besides a no screening strategy, the fewest screening colonoscopies are needed with an FOBT program, requiring on average 6,600 and 26,800 colonoscopies per 100,000 persons at 1 and 5 years post‐implementation, respectively. The most screening colonoscopies are required with a colonoscopy program, requiring on average 76,600 and 101,000 colonoscopies per 100,000 persons at 1 and 5 years post‐implementation, respectively. In sensitivity analyses, the biggest driver of number of colonoscopies needed was screening adherence.ConclusionsThe number of colonoscopies needed and therefore the potential strain on the healthcare system vary substantially by screening test. These findings can provide valuable information for stakeholders on equipment needs when implementing a national screening program in Ukraine.
Burst-mode 1-methylnaphthalene laser-induced fluorescence: extended calibration and measurement of temperature and fuel partial density in a rapid compression machine
Authors: Retzer Ulrich , Ulrich Hannah , Will Stefan , Zigan Lars 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, tracer-based laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with the tracer 1-methylnaphthalene is utilized to study temperature and fuel courses in a rapid compression machine (RCM) under high temperature and pressure conditions. A burst-mode Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm is applied for excitation of tracer fluorescence at a frame rate of 7.5 kHz. A high-speed intensified CMOS camera equipped with an image doubler is used for 2-color LIF (2c-LIF) thermometry. With known local temperature, the fuel partial density can be determined using the signal of the channel covering the complete LIF spectrum. Both temperature and fuel partial density are determined during the compression and expansion strokes in nitrogen and air atmospheres. For this purpose, first-time 1-MN LIF calibration measurements in air atmosphere were performed for cylinder pressures up to 2.8 MPa. This significantly extends the calibration data base generated in current calibration cells. Although the LIF signal dropped significantly due to oxygen quenching, first promising measurements of temperature and fuel partial density were conducted in the RCM at relevant equivalence ratios. The influence of the RCM driving gas pressure on the temperature course is shown for cylinder pressures up to 7.4 MPa in nitrogen atmosphere. Although the temperature and concentration fields are very homogeneous at early points in time during compression, inhomogeneities in terms of millimeter-sized hot and cold gas regions were resolved especially near top dead center (TDC) using the present approach. These structures were also visible in the fuel partial density field. These inhomogeneities are due to the heat transfer between the hot gas and the cool walls and are probably also induced by the piston movement. Especially at TDC, the minimum gas temperature is about 300 K lower than the peak temperature in the wall region of the cylinder head. These cool region temperatures are much lower than in piston engines and other RCMs reported in the literature at comparable conditions, which may due to the special design of the present layout of the machine.
Wall Polynomials on the Real Line: A Classical Approach to OPRL Khrushchev’s Formula
Authors: Cantero M. J. , Moral L. , Velázquez L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe standard proof of Khrushchev’s formula for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle given in Khrushchev (J Approx Theory 108:161–248, 2001, J Approx Theory 116:268–342, 2002) combines ideas from continued fractions and complex analysis, depending heavily on the theory of Wall polynomials. Using operator theoretic tools instead, Khrushchev’s formula has been recently extended to the setting of orthogonal polynomials on the real line in the determinate case (Grünbaum and Velázquez in Adv Math 326:352–464, 2018). This paper develops a theory of Wall polynomials on the real line, which serves as a means to prove Khrushchev’s formula for any sequence of orthogonal polynomials on the real line. This real line version of Khrushchev’s formula is used to rederive the characterization given in Simon (J Approx Theory 126:198–217, 2004) for the weak convergence of $$p_n^2\mathrm{d}\mu $$

p
n
2

d
μ

, where $$p_n$$

p
n

are the orthonormal polynomials with respect to a measure $$\mu $$
μ
supported on a bounded subset of the real line (Theorem 8.1). The generality and simplicity of such a Khrushchev’s formula also permits the analysis of the unbounded case. Among other results, we use this tool to prove that no measure $$\mu $$
μ
supported on an unbounded subset of the real line yields a weakly convergent sequence $$p_n^2\mathrm{d}\mu $$

p
n
2

d
μ

(Corollary 8.10), but there exist instances such that $$p_n^2\mathrm{d}\mu $$

p
n
2

d
μ

becomes vaguely convergent (Example 8.5 and Theorem 8.6). Some other asymptoptic results related to the convergence of $$p_n^2\mathrm{d}\mu $$

p
n
2

d
μ

in the unbounded case are obtained via Khrushchev’s formula (Theorems 8.3, 8.7, 8.8, Proposition 8.4, Corollary 8.9). In the bounded case, we include a simple diagrammatic proof of Khrushchev’s formula on the real line which sheds light on its graph theoretical meaning, linked to Pólya’s recurrence theory for classical random walks.
exploRNN: teaching recurrent neural networks through visual exploration
Authors: Bäuerle Alex , Albus Patrick , Störk Raphael , Seufert Tina , Ropinski Timo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the success and growing job market of deep learning (DL), students and researchers from many areas are interested in learning about DL technologies. Visualization has been used as a modern medium during this learning process. However, despite the fact that sequential data tasks, such as text and function analysis, are at the forefront of DL research, there does not yet exist an educational visualization that covers recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Additionally, the benefits and trade-offs between using visualization environments and conventional learning material for DL have not yet been evaluated. To address these gaps, we propose exploRNN, the first interactively explorable educational visualization for RNNs. exploRNNis accessible online and provides an overview of the training process of RNNs at a coarse level, as well as detailed tools for the inspection of data flow within LSTM cells. In an empirical between-subjects study with 37 participants, we investigate the learning outcomes and cognitive load of exploRNN compared to a classic text-based learning environment. While learners in the text group are ahead in superficial knowledge acquisition, exploRNN is particularly helpful for deeper understanding. Additionally, learning with exploRNN is perceived as significantly easier and causes less extraneous load. In conclusion, for difficult learning material, such as neural networks that require deep understanding, interactive visualizations such as exploRNN can be helpful.
Why is endothelial resilience key to maintain cardiac health?
Authors: Tombor Lukas S. , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyocardial injury as induced by myocardial infarction results in tissue ischemia, which critically incepts cardiomyocyte death. Endothelial cells play a crucial role in restoring oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart. Latest advances in single-cell multi-omics, together with genetic lineage tracing, reveal a transcriptional and phenotypical adaptation to the injured microenvironment, which includes alterations in metabolic, mesenchymal, hematopoietic and pro-inflammatory signatures. The extent of transition in mesenchymal or hematopoietic cell lineages is still debated, but it is clear that several of the adaptive phenotypical changes are transient and endothelial cells revert back to a naïve cell state after resolution of injury responses. This resilience of endothelial cells to acute stress responses is important for preventing chronic dysfunction. Here, we summarize how endothelial cells adjust to injury and how this dynamic response contributes to repair and regeneration. We will highlight intrinsic and microenvironmental factors that contribute to endothelial cell resilience and may be targetable to maintain a functionally active, healthy microcirculation.
Renal denervation reduces atrial remodeling in hypertensive rats with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Selejan Simina-Ramona , Linz Dominik , Mauz Muriel , Hohl Mathias , Huynh Anh Khoa Dennis , Speer Thimoteus , Wintrich Jan , Kazakov Andrey , Werner Christian , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome and is related to inflammation and activation of the sympathoadrenergic system. The multi-ligand Receptor-for-Advanced-Glycation-End-products (RAGE) activates inflammation-associated tissue remodeling and is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Its counterpart, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), serves as anti-inflammatory decoy receptor with protective properties. We investigated the effect of sympathetic modulation by renal denervation (RDN) on atrial remodeling, RAGE/sRAGE and RAGE ligands in metabolic syndrome. RDN was performed in spontaneously hypertensive obese rats (SHRob) with metabolic syndrome compared with lean spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and with normotensive non-obese control rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by telemetry. The animals were killed 12 weeks after RDN. Left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) remodeling was assessed by histological analysis and collagen types. Sympathetic innervation was measured by tyrosine hydroxylase staining of atrial nerve fibers, RAGE/sRAGE, RAGE ligands, cytokine expressions and inflammatory infiltrates were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. LA sympathetic nerve fiber density was higher in SHRob (+44%) versus controls and reduced after RDN (-64% versus SHRob). RAGE was increased (+718%) and sRAGE decreased (− 62%) in SHRob as compared with controls. RDN reduced RAGE expression (− 61% versus SHRob), significantly increased sRAGE levels (+162%) and induced a significant decrease in RAGE ligand levels in SHRob (− 57% CML and − 51% HMGB1) with reduced pro-inflammatory NFkB activation (− 96%), IL-6 production (− 55%) and reduced inflammatory infiltrates. This led to a reduction in atrial fibrosis (− 33%), collagen type I content (− 72%), accompanied by reduced LA myocyte hypertrophy (− 21%). Transfection experiments on H9C2 cardiomyoblasts demonstrated that RAGE is directly involved in fibrosis formation by influencing cellular production of collagen type I. In conclusion, suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity by RDN prevents atrial remodeling in metabolic syndrome by reducing atrial sympathetic innervation and by modulating RAGE/sRAGE balance and reducing pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic RAGE ligands, which provides a potential therapeutic mechanism to reduce the development of AF.
The impact of multiple gender dimensions on health-related quality of life in persons with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory study
Authors: Göttgens Irene , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Oertelt-Prigione Sabine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a growing recognition that sex characteristics and gender-related aspects can have a substantial impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Gender is a multidimensional construct, including dynamic social norms and relations that influence health and impact quality of life. Even when gender is investigated in the field of PD, it is frequently conceptualized as gender identity while other dimensions, such as roles or relations, are generally ignored. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of several gender dimensions on HRQoL among people with PD.

Methods
We performed a survey-based, cross-sectional study in the Netherlands to explore the impact of several gender dimensions, namely; gender identity, gender roles and gender relations on HRQoL (PDQ-39) of people with PD.

Results
In our study population (N = 307), including 127 (41%) women, we did not observe an association between gender identity and overall HRQoL. In contrast, an androgynous gender role and higher engagement in household tasks were associated with better overall HRQoL among people with PD.

Conclusions
This study offers the first detailed description of the impact of different gender dimensions on the HRQoL of people with PD and highlights the need for more precise gender-measures to inform actionable gender-sensitive health interventions for people with PD.