bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calorimetric studies of crystallization in Se76Te20Sn2Ge2 glass under heating/cooling mode
Authors: Pal Shiv Kumar , Sharma Dipti , Mehta Neeraj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the liquid-solid phase transition analysis, it was observed that two phenomena namely crystallization and glass transition take place, whenever we cool a liquid or melt a solid. In the present endeavor, we have tried to analyze the comparative study of crystallization kinetics using comprehensive iso-conversional methods in both heating/cooling modes of quaternary Se76Te20Sn2Ge2 glassy material synthesized by a very simple and famous melt quenching technique. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was employed for this analysis. The effect of heating, as well as cooling rates on the crystallization kinetics, was investigated. Various kinetic parameters like activation energy using the iso-conversional approach, the reaction rate constant, the Avrami index, Meyer-Neldel energy, etc have been calculated for both heating and cooling modes.
Interplay between beam-driven chirping modes and plasma confinement transitions in spherical tokamak ST40
Authors: Bland J. , Varje J. , Gorelenkov N.N. , Gryaznevich M.P. , Sharapov S.E. , Wood J. , The ST40 Team 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Experiments on the high field spherical tokamak ST40 have led to the recent observation of interplay between beam-driven modes of sweeping frequency (chirping modes) and transitions to the enhanced global confinement regime (H-mode) and back to the low confinement regime (L-mode). The H-modes of plasma confinement are identified from decreased intensity of Dα
signal and from clear distinctions in the edge gradients of the visible plasma boundary (observed as a sharp plasma edge in camera images). The beam-driven chirping modes, identified as ideal magnetohydrodynamics beta-induced Alfvén acoustic eigenmodes modes, are observed in Mirnov coil signals, interferometry, and soft x-ray diagnostics. A moderate amplitude ‘primer’ chirping mode usually precedes an H–L transition. This is followed by a ‘dominant’ chirping mode with higher amplitude during the L-mode. The L–H transition back to the improved confinement occurs on a longer time scale of tens of ms, consistent with the slowing down time scale of fast beam ions. A dramatic decrease in toroidal plasma rotation is systematically observed associated with chirping modes sweeping down to zero frequency. Resonance maps built for the beam-driven chirping modes with the ASCOT (accelerated simulation of charged particle orbits in torodoial devices) code show that the resonant beam ions have orbits near the trapped-passing boundary. The ASCOT modelling assesses how losses of the resonant fast ions caused by the chirping modes with high enough amplitude modify the torque, potentially affecting the plasma rotation.
Generalization error rates in kernel regression: the crossover from the noiseless to noisy regime*
Authors: Cui Hugo , Loureiro Bruno , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this manuscript we consider kernel ridge regression (KRR) under the Gaussian design. Exponents for the decay of the excess generalization error of KRR have been reported in various works under the assumption of power-law decay of eigenvalues of the features co-variance. These decays were, however, provided for sizeably different setups, namely in the noiseless case with constant regularization and in the noisy optimally regularized case. Intermediary settings have been left substantially uncharted. In this work, we unify and extend this line of work, providing characterization of all regimes and excess error decay rates that can be observed in terms of the interplay of noise and regularization. In particular, we show the existence of a transition in the noisy setting between the noiseless exponents to its noisy values as the sample complexity is increased. Finally, we illustrate how this crossover can also be observed on real data sets.
Asymptotics of representation learning in finite Bayesian neural networks*
Authors: Zavatone-Veth Jacob A , Canatar Abdulkadir , Ruben Benjamin S , Pehlevan Cengiz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent works have suggested that finite Bayesian neural networks may sometimes outperform their infinite cousins because finite networks can flexibly adapt their internal representations. However, our theoretical understanding of how the learned hidden layer representations of finite networks differ from the fixed representations of infinite networks remains incomplete. Perturbative finite-width corrections to the network prior and posterior have been studied, but the asymptotics of learned features have not been fully characterized. Here, we argue that the leading finite-width corrections to the average feature kernels for any Bayesian network with linear readout and Gaussian likelihood have a largely universal form. We illustrate this explicitly for three tractable network architectures: deep linear fully-connected and convolutional networks, and networks with a single nonlinear hidden layer. Our results begin to elucidate how task-relevant learning signals shape the hidden layer representations of wide Bayesian neural networks.
Analytical results for the distribution of first-passage times of random walks on random regular graphs
Authors: Tishby Ido , Biham Ofer , Katzav Eytan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present analytical results for the distribution of first-passage (FP) times of random walks (RWs) on random regular graphs that consist of N nodes of degree c ⩾ 3. Starting from a random initial node at time t = 0, at each time step t ⩾ 1 an RW hops into a random neighbor of its previous node. In some of the time steps the RW may hop into a yet-unvisited node while in other time steps it may revisit a node that has already been visited before. We calculate the distribution P(T
FP = t) of first-passage times from a random initial node i to a random target node j, where j ≠ i. We distinguish between FP trajectories whose backbone follows the shortest path (SPATH) from the initial node i to the target node j and FP trajectories whose backbone does not follow the shortest path (¬SPATH). More precisely, the SPATH trajectories from the initial node i to the target node j are defined as trajectories in which the subnetwork that consists of the nodes and edges along the trajectory is a tree network. Moreover, the shortest path between i and j on this subnetwork is the same as in the whole network. The SPATH scenario is probable mainly when the length ℓ

ij
of the shortest path between the initial node i and the target node j is small. The analytical results are found to be in very good agreement with the results obtained from computer simulations.
Trichoid sensilla on honey bee proboscises as inspiration for micro-viscometers
Authors: Liao Caiying , Amador Guillermo J , Liu Xuhan , Wu Zhigang , Wu Jianing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sensing physical properties of liquids, such as viscosity, is of great significance for both biological organisms and industrial applications. For terrestrial organisms feeding on liquids, such as honey bees that forage nectar, sensing viscosity may help to determine the quality of food sources. Previous experiments showed that honey bees exhibit strong preferences for less viscous nectar; however, the physical mechanism underlying how they perceive viscosity remains unexplored. In this study, we propose that the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is capable of distinguishing viscosity using the slender trichoid sensilla emerging from a ball and socket-like joint on the proboscis. Observations of the trichoid sensilla using transmission electron microscopy reveal physical characteristics that are typical of mechanosensory structures. Additionally, we found that bees actively alter the rate at which they feed based on the liquid’s viscosity and not its sugar content, hinting at their sensing of viscosity. Through mathematical modeling, we found that the sensitivity of the biological viscometer was determined by its length, and the optimal sensitivity for a western honey bee occurs when the tongue interacts with nectar with a viscosity of 4.2 mPa·s, coinciding with the viscosities typically found in the wild. Our findings broaden insights into how honey bees adapt to varying-viscosity nectar from the perspective of mechanical sensing, and how the bee-flower partnership may be based around the optimal nectar viscosity for feeding. By understanding how bees may sense viscosity at the micrometer scale, we may motivate new technologies for micro-viscometers.
Climate adaptive rice planting strategies diverge across environmental gradients in the Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors: Urfels Anton , Montes Carlo , Balwinder-Singh  , van Halsema Gerardo , Struik Paul C , Krupnik Timothy J , McDonald Andrew J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The timing of rice planting has a profound influence on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping pattern in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), a system that provides the foundation for food security in South Asia. Nevertheless, strategies for adaptive rice planting in a rapidly changing climate are not well established. In this ex-ante analysis, regional gridded crop model simulations are deployed to investigate the impact of different rice planting strategies on system level productivity, resilience, and environmental benefits. Our results suggest that synchronizing rice planting dates with the monsoon onset substantially outperforms farmer practice (+41%) and static state recommendations in the Eastern IGP. However, planting long-duration rice with the monsoon onset is ineffective in the Northwestern IGP since the later arrival of the monsoon increases the probability of cold damage to rice and terminal heat stress in wheat. Here, fixed planting dates (+12.5%) or planting medium duration varieties at monsoon onset (+18%) performed best. We conclude that resilient and productive rice planting strategies must account for interannual weather variability and divergent climate conditions across sub-regions in the IGP.
Hyperaccurate bounds in discrete-state Markovian systems
Authors: Busiello D M , Fiore C E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Generalized empirical currents represent a vast class of thermodynamic observables of mesoscopic systems. Their fluctuations satisfy the thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs), as they can be bounded by the average entropy production. Here, we derive a general closed expression for the hyperaccurate current in discrete-state Markovian systems, i.e. the one with the least fluctuations, for both discrete- and continuous-time evolution. We show that its associated hyperaccurate bound is generally much tighter than the one given by the TURs, and might be crucial to providing a reliable estimation of the average entropy production. We also show that one-loop systems (rings) exhibit a hyperaccurate current only for finite times, highlighting the importance of short-time observations. Additionally, we derive two novel bounds for the efficiency of work-to-work converters, solely as a function of either the input or the output power. Finally, our theoretical results are employed to analyze a six-state model network for kinesin, and a chemical system in a thermal gradient exhibiting a dissipation-driven selection of states.
Light festivals: Entertainment or urban renewal tool?
Authors: Bhatia M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper is part of the author’s thesis wherein she attempted to investigate the hypothesis that a light festival is not only an entertainment based light show but could also be a sustainable renewal strategy for dead urban spaces. ‘Public space is our open-air living room’ [1], where people meet, interact and replenish their body and mind away from work and home. However, due to various reasons, the current pandemic being one of them, has led to the present generation being seen as an indoor generation [2]. As a result, while a lot of urban spaces are tending to be ‘abandoned and left areas that have lost their function’ [3]. The author’s thesis is a qualitative study to check the feasibility of light festivals as a sustainable strategy to tackle the lifelessness of such dead urban spaces. This paper in particular, presents a qualitative case study of 4 light festivals. This was achieved through both primary sources in the form of personal interviews with organisers and systematic online desk study of the secondary sources of information available as reports by various national and international agencies, journals and peer reviewed papers published by researchers in various online journals of lighting and architecture. These festivals were chosen on the basis of their initial intentions of inception to match the impetus for this study. The success of the festivals is studied with respect to achievement of initial objectives. These are then qualitatively analysed under the categories of image regeneration, revenue generation and job generation to assess the holistic impact of light festivals at various locations in the world. The results of the study suggest that light festivals add playfulness and a sense of identity to public urban scape. The interventions, being temporary in nature, may disappear, but the memory of the event remains in collective memory. Through this, light festivals could potentially transform the views of inhabitants, so that they in turn, can transform their public spaces. The study also suggests that light festivals can be be socially and economically profitable. In conclusion, a light festival could be a successful contender as a sustainable urban renewal strategy.
Drivers’ experiences of presence sensitive roadway lighting match experiences of traditional road lighting – a case study in Finland
Authors: Pihlajaniemi H , Juntunen E , Luusua A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research aimed to test and study presence sensitive roadway lighting in a housing area in Finland, and to evaluate drivers’ experiences and attitudes of it. The lighting adapted both to motor vehicles using the road and to the measured traffic density along it. The case study was conducted on a collector road in Salo, a town in southern Finland. New, controllable LED lighting with PIR (passive infrared) presence sensors was built along the road, and test scenarios were designed, programmed, and tested. Drivers’ experiences and attitudes of the lighting were collected in a three-phase evaluation with questionnaires from the community of about 1000 households using the road as part of their daily mobility. The results indicate that as an experience, presence sensitive lighting in a road environment was at least as positive as traditional, uncontrolled lighting. The experiences of presence sensitive lighting did not differ from the experiences of uncontrolled lighting regarding pleasantness, uniformity, glare, and road visibility. Most of the drivers (86 %) did not notice any dynamic change in lighting. When informed about the tested lighting strategies, most of the participants (72 %) would prefer either one of the intelligent lighting modes to be the permanent lighting solution. The results encourage the use of intelligent lighting in striving towards more sustainable lighting solutions while maintaining user comfort and safety.
Lean Thinking into the modular construction of industrial buildings. Identifying the role of daylight
Authors: Mavridou T , Doulos L , Nanos N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The necessity of energy equilibrium in industrial building stock must be addressed at design level in order to optimise use of materials without jeopardising the functional outcome. To do so effectively, the designer should incorporate a light use vs availability balance that will harness as much natural light resources as possible without creating unfavourable conditions due to over-exposure and thermal gains/losses. This work is an exploration between the relationship of sustainability with Lean thinking in the backdrop of sustainable and Lean construction. Exploring the benefits of lean and sustainable construction is about exploring how one can bring about great environmental, economic and social gains with the minimization of energy use, natural waste, environmental impacts as along with the creation of a healthy and productive work environment are the focus of sustainability in the construction industry. In effect answering how Daylight and Lean Thinking Principles can lead to optimizing Industrial buildings in terms of design and execution.
Sociological approach to the territorialization of night-time atmospheres
Authors: Nicolas Houel , Saïg Potard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article presents a case study conducted in the metropolis of Brest, France in 2022, designed to support public policy decision-making by integrating the knowledge and needs of citizens during the different stages of a night-time urban planning project, around the notion of synchronization of the city’s rhythms. It presents three innovations: (1) Actors: coordination of public and private actors, common vocabulary, cartographic representations of assets, introduction of participatory approaches, activation of citizen knowledge in political expertise. (2) Sociology: participative modalities, objectification of citizens’ knowledge, definition of their decision-making perimeter, (3) Public lighting policies: territorial and social strategy of light sobriety, regularization and empowerment of the network of actors. The conclusion of this article will focus on the limits, added values and development axes of nocturnal urban sociology as a support for decision-making in public lighting management and renovation strategies, and will open up the mobilization of the rhythms and temporalities to be mobilized in order to restore balanced nocturnal ambiences between lighting, which is essential, and darkness, which is vital.
An examination of reflected glare prediction method based on luminance distribution
Authors: Sagawa M , Maeda A , Mizokami Y , Takashima M , Oe Y , Yoshizawa N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Explicit evaluation methods and suppression techniques for reflected glare have not been clarified in museum lighting. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the occurrence mechanism of reflected glare and to make use of its knowledge for future exhibitions in museums. In this paper, for the first step, we focused on the several factors, which were assumed to have an influence on the intensity of the reflected glare, such as the balance between ambient light levels for an exhibition room and target light levels for paintings, the Munsell value of paintings, and the amount of varnish coating. We conducted a subjective experiment in which the reflected glare on the replica paintings was evaluated by subjects aged in their 20s in an experimental room that was assumed to be an actual exhibit space. Based on the results of this experiment, we confirmed that the degree of reflected glare in museums could be roughly estimated from luminance distribution, reflectance, and glossiness of the paintings.
Light4Health eLearning Course: health research for interior lighting design. Re-thinking design approaches based on science
Authors: Zielinska-Dabkowska KM , Godley L , Kyriakidou F , Besenecker U C , Triantafyllidis G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of ‘Light4Health’ (L4H), a three-year EU Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership grant project (2019-2021), which investigated, systematized and taught health-related research on the impact of natural and artificial light on human health and well-being relevant to indoor lighting design. The objective was to re-think evidence-based lighting design approaches for residential, working/educational, and healthcare spaces, in order to develop a novel cross-disciplinary eLearning platform, that intersects lighting design and current peer-reviewed health research through a select combination of the most relevant research, methods, and tools. The content was developed through teaching workshops with international researchers, teachers, and students. Participating students were introduced to the application of relevant research and new metrics, in order to produce creative lighting design proposals. Students were able to inform lighting design approaches that support health and well-being without compromising creativity via the tools and methods developed through the health sciences. With this project, participants and consortium members have narrowed the gap that exists between research and the practice/application of lighting, by translating research from complex scientific jargon into various tools for designers to use. The knowledge gained, was consolidated into an open-access online curriculum for international lighting design students, educators and professionals via the free eLearning Moodle platform (https://course.light4health.net/).
Dark Adaptation in Urban Environments: An Innovative Design Framework for Pedestrian Lighting
Authors: Amoruso Chiara Ester , Larsen Mette Hvam , Hvass Mette , Triantafyllidis Georgios , Hansen Ellen Kathrine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Outdoor lighting has mainly been approached as an engineering subject throughout its history. The current urban lighting requirements are established upon factors which mainly refer to motorised traffic dynamics. As a consequence, excessive lighting levels are found in the city environments with a negative impact on the human as well as the environmental sphere. By synthesising scientific knowledge on human visual system and outdoor lighting theories, this research seeks to formulate strong arguments to point at the lack of human scale in the contemporary practice and to question the adequacy of the standard requirements for human vision in nighttime settings. The knowledge gained from scientific studies and ongoing research shows how the nighttime visual experience of pedestrians is still an untapped dimension, unveiling the lack of defined guidelines and methods to approach the design of urban lighting through the lens of this target. With a focus on soft mobility, the aim of the study is to address dark adaptation as a human factor in the design of urban lighting and to provide evidence on the human eye’s ability to perform in dim conditions. Important findings from the literature review were used as requirements to formulate a methodology to approach the design of pedestrian lighting in urban environments. Strong conclusions could be drawn on the figure of dark adaptation and important lighting requirements were identified to facilitate this process in the condition of soft mobility. Even though further research and experimentation are required to implement dark adaptation in the design of urban lighting, this paper’s goal is to open up new perspectives in the field, shaping the vision for the future of cities with reduced urban illumination.