bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphase Permo-Carboniferous magmatism adjacent to the Intra-Sudetic Fault: constraints from U–Pb SHRIMP zircon study of felsic subvolcanic intrusions in the Intra-Sudetic Basin, SW Poland
Authors: Awdankiewicz Marek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from felsic subvolcanic rocks in the Carboniferous formations of the Intra-Sudetic Basin in SW Poland verifies previous views on the timing of Late Palaeozoic magmatic activity in this area and constrains the links between regional tectonics and intra-basinal volcanism in the mid-European Variscides. Two main stages of magmatism are identified: the Late Carboniferous late orogenic stage, and the Early Permian post-orogenic stage. The Carboniferous late orogenic subvolcanic to volcanic activity was contemporaneous with the formation of the Karkonosze granite pluton to the west and comprised episodic emplacement of predominantly felsic laccoliths and sills within the basin fill during the Westphalian–Stephanian in two sub-stages at ca. 313–310 Ma and 306–305 Ma. Local folding of the Carboniferous succession peaked at ca. 303–300 Ma adjacent to the Intra-Sudetic Fault, in relation to late-stage sinistral movements along this regional wrench fault. The emplacement of minor subvolcanic intrusions at ca. 293 Ma completed the activity in the northern Intra-Sudetic Basin; this Permian post-orogenic volcanism, however, developed fully in areas further south. The predominance of subvolcanic intrusions over extrusions in Carboniferous can be linked to the trapping of rising magmas within the several kilometres thick sedimentary basin fill. Zircon xenocrysts in the Carboniferous subvolcanic rocks indicate that older crustal lithologies, possibly metamagmatic and metasedimentary rocks of dominantly Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic ages, were involved in petrogenesis as magma sources and/or contaminants. The crustal influence on magma formation was stronger during the earlier magmatic events.
Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements
Authors: Koutroulis Andreas , Valen Håkon , Ørstavik Dag , Kapralos Vasileios , Camilleri Josette , Sunde Pia Titterud 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)–based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions.

Materials and methods
A basic formulation of radio-opacified TCS without (TZ-base) and with additions of SNP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml) or BG (10 or 20%) was used. Biodentine and intermediate restorative material (IRM) served as reference materials. Material disks were immersed in ultrapure water or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 1, 7, or 28 days. Surface roughness (n = 3), microhardness (n = 9), and wettability (n = 6) were analyzed by standard procedures. Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 5). Data from these assays were evaluated for normality and comparisons among groups were conducted with statistical procedures (p < 0.05 for significance).

Results
The surface morphology of SNP- and BG-containing cements had higher roughness values than TZ-base after 28 days (p < 0.05). No differences in microhardness were observed among prototype cements (p > 0.05). Biodentine presented smooth surface characteristics and the highest hardness values (p < 0.05). The FBS-immersion resulted in surface reactions in prototype materials and Biodentine, depicted with scanning electron microscopy. All 1- and 7-day prototype cements showed negligible bacterial adhesion, while in Biodentine and IRM, noticeable E. faecalis adherence was observed from day 1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Incorporation of SNP or BG did not improve the antibacterial effect of the experimental cement; all 28-day aged materials failed to inhibit bacterial adherence. The measured physical parameters did not appear to be related to the degree of bacterial adhesion. Exposure of TCS-based cements in FBS resulted in surface reactions, which did not affect bacterial adhesion.

Clinical relevance
Changes in the surface characteristics of prototype TCS-based cements by inclusion of SNP and BG or exposure to different environments did not affect bacterial adhesion. All experimental materials showed inferior physical properties and higher antibacterial effect than Biodentine.
Blockchain as the “trust-building machine” for supply chain management
Authors: Yavaprabhas Kongmanas , Pournader Mehrdokht , Seuring Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the impact of blockchain application on trust levels in supply chains. Through the systematic review of the relevant literature, three dimensions of trust, i.e., the trustor–trustee perspective, forms of trust, and time orientation, are investigated. Our findings show that, first, there are three pairs of trustors and trustees involved in blockchain implementation: (a) the user and the blockchain, (b) two supply chain partners, and (c) the consumer/public and a supply chain unit. Second, the two forms of trust, namely cognition-based and institution-based trust, are likely to be enhanced by blockchain execution, while affect-based trust may not be directly impacted by the technology. Third, the presence of blockchain technology would facilitate swift trust-building between unknown supply chain partners under specific circumstances. Moreover, we also find contradicting assertions among scholars on the implications of blockchain for trust in supply chains. While some studies pointed out that blockchain will enable a trustless trusted scheme, others expected the reinforcement of interorganizational trust. To test these assertions, we develop the blockchain-entrusted supply chain models to present the three-step process of how trust is developed through the blockchain and diffused to supply chain partners and external stakeholders.
DNS and Highly-Resolved LES of Heat and Mass Transfer in Two-Phase Counter-Current Condensing Flow
Authors: Apanasevich P. , Lucas D. , Sato Y. , Ničeno B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA comprehensive study of direct-contact condensation heat transfer for turbulent, counter-current, liquid/vapour flow in a nearly horizontal channel at high pressure (i.e. 5 MPa) has been carried out based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and highly-resolved Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches. To simulate the two-phase flow situation, driven in this case by a constant pressure gradient, a single set of Navier–Stokes equations, coupled with an enthalpy conservation equation, have been employed. The interfacial mass transfer, seen in this case to be dominated by condensation, has been calculated directly from the heat flux at the liquid/vapour interface. To investigate the effect of condensation on the turbulence phenomena, and vice versa, cases have been considered involving two friction Reynolds numbers: namely $$Re_{*}=u_{*}h/\nu =178$$

R

e

∗

=

u

∗

h
/
ν
=
178

and $$Re_{*}=u_{*}h/\nu =590$$

R

e

∗

=

u

∗

h
/
ν
=
590

($$u_{*}=(h\varDelta P/\rho )^{1/2}$$

u

∗

=

(
h
Δ
P
/
ρ
)

1
/
2

). At the lower Reynolds number, three levels of water subcooling—0 K, 10 K and 40 K—have been investigated. The use of water subcooling of 0 K has enabled the validation and verification procedures associated with the numerical approach to be compared against experimental and numerical data reported in the literature. The choice of the maximum degree of water subcooling is dictated by the need to justify the periodic boundary conditions applied in this numerical study. In the simulation for the higher Reynolds number, only the case of 10 K subcooling has been included, as a consequence of the very high computation effort involved. A detailed statistical analysis of the DNS and LES data obtained from the application of the well-known wall laws has also been assessed. In the vicinity of the liquid/vapour interface, the characteristics of the turbulent motions appear somewhat diverse, depending on whether the interface is basically flat or wavy in character. For a flat interface, some damping effect of the presence of the interface on the turbulence intensity has been observed, a feature which becomes enhanced as the level of liquid subcooling is increased. In the case of a wavy interface, the damping effect is predicted as considerably less pronounced.
Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models in the Grey Zone of Turbulence: Adaptations to FLEXPART-COSMO for Simulations at 1 km Grid Resolution
Authors: Katharopoulos Ioannis , Brunner Dominik , Emmenegger Lukas , Leuenberger Markus , Henne Stephan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) are frequently used for regional-scale inversions of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the turbulence parameterizations used in these models were developed for coarse resolution grids, hence, when moving to the kilometre-scale the validity of these descriptions should be questioned. Here, we analyze the influence of the turbulence parameterization employed in the LPDM FLEXPART-COSMO model. Comparisons of the turbulence kinetic energy between the turbulence schemes of FLEXPART-COSMO and the underlying Eulerian model COSMO suggest that the dispersion in FLEXPART-COSMO suffers from a double-counting of turbulent elements when run at a high resolution of $$1 \times 1 \,\hbox {km}^2$$

1
×
1

km
2

. Such turbulent elements are represented in both COSMO, by the resolved grid-scale winds, and FLEXPART, by its stochastic parameterizations. Therefore, we developed a new parametrization for the variations of the winds and the Lagrangian time scales in FLEXPART in order to harmonize the amount of turbulence present in both models. In a case study for a power plant plume, the new scheme results in improved plume representation when compared with in situ flight observations and with a tracer transported in COSMO. Further in-depth validation of the LPDM against methane observations at a tall tower site in Switzerland shows that the model’s ability to predict the observed tracer variability and concentration at different heights above ground is considerably enhanced using the updated turbulence description. The high-resolution simulations result in a more realistic and pronounced diurnal cycle of the tracer concentration peaks and overall improved correlation with observations when compared to previously used coarser resolution simulations (at 7 km $$\times $$
×
7 km). Our results indicate that the stochastic turbulence schemes of LPDMs, developed in the past for coarse resolution models, should be revisited to include a resolution dependency and resolve only the part of the turbulence spectrum that is a subgrid process at each different mesh size. Although our new scheme is specific to COSMO simulations at $$1 \times 1 \,\hbox {km}^2$$

1
×
1

km
2

resolution, the methodology for deriving the scheme can easily be applied to different resolutions and other regional models.
Parents’ Perspectives of Family Engagement with Early Childhood Education and Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Levickis Penny , Murray Lisa , Lee-Pang Lynn , Eadie Patricia , Page Jane , Lee Wan Yi , Hill Georgie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services and families, impacting family access to services and their communication and engagement with educators. This study aimed to examine parents’ perspectives of family engagement with ECEC services during the pandemic. Primary caregivers in Victoria at the time of recruitment (September–November 2020) were invited to participate. Of the 66 participants who completed an online survey, 25 also took part in semi-structured video call or phone interviews; qualitative findings from these interviews are reported in this paper. Four key themes were conceptualised using a reflexive thematic approach: (1) disruptions to ECEC access and attendance impacting on family routines and relationships, and child development; (2) barriers to family engagement; (3) ECEC educators’ support of families and children during the pandemic; and (4) increased parental appreciation of the ECEC profession. Findings revealed that disruptions to ECEC access and routines during the pandemic adversely impacted family engagement, and child learning and social-emotional wellbeing for some families. These were aggravated by other stressors, including increased parental responsibilities in the home, financial and health concerns, and changed work conditions. Findings also demonstrated successful methods used by educators to maintain communication and connections with families. Importantly, parents expressed increasing appreciation of the profession and an increased awareness of the value of family involvement in children’s learning. Learnings regarding strategies for effective and alternative ways of engaging families are discussed.
Development and Heredity in the Interwar Period: Hans Spemann and Fritz Baltzer on Organizers and Merogones
Authors: Brandt Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores the collaborative research of the Nobel laureate Hans Spemann (1869–1941) and the Swiss zoologist Fritz Baltzer (1884–1974) on problems at the intersection of development and heredity and raises more general questions concerning science and politics in Germany in the interwar period. It argues that Spemann and Baltzer’s collaborative work made a significant contribution to the then ongoing debates about the relation between developmental physiology and hereditary studies, although Spemann distanced himself fromDrosophilagenetics because of his anti-reductionist position. The article analyzes how Spemann framed the issues of heredity in terms of an epigenetic principle in the context of his work on the “organizer,” and it explores the experimental dynamics of research on newt merogones carried out by Baltzer in a methodological development of Spemann’s constriction experiments. Finally, these research attempts are discussed as part of a broader “prehistory” of the mid-twentieth century cell nuclear transplantation experiments, which provided the basis for later animal cloning.
Modeling receptor flexibility in the structure-based design of KRASG12C inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Kai , Li Cui , Wu Kingsley Y. , Mohr Christopher , Li Xun , Lanman Brian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKRAS has long been referred to as an ‘undruggable’ target due to its high affinity for its cognate ligands (GDP and GTP) and its lack of readily exploited allosteric binding pockets. Recent progress in the development of covalent inhibitors of KRASG12C has revealed that occupancy of an allosteric binding site located between the α3-helix and switch-II loop of KRASG12C—sometimes referred to as the ‘switch-II pocket’—holds great potential in the design of direct inhibitors of KRASG12C. In studying diverse switch-II pocket binders during the development of sotorasib (AMG 510), the first FDA-approved inhibitor of KRASG12C, we found the dramatic conformational flexibility of the switch-II pocket posing significant challenges toward the structure-based design of inhibitors. Here, we present our computational approaches for dealing with receptor flexibility in the prediction of ligand binding pose and binding affinity. For binding pose prediction, we modified the covalent docking program CovDock to allow for protein conformational mobility. This new docking approach, termed as FlexCovDock, improves success rates from 55 to 89% for binding pose prediction on a dataset of 10 cross-docking cases and has been prospectively validated across diverse ligand chemotypes. For binding affinity prediction, we found standard free energy perturbation (FEP) methods could not adequately handle the significant conformational change of the switch-II loop. We developed a new computational strategy to accelerate conformational transitions through the use of targeted protein mutations. Using this methodology, the mean unsigned error (MUE) of binding affinity prediction were reduced from 1.44 to 0.89 kcal/mol on a set of 14 compounds. These approaches were of significant use in facilitating the structure-based design of KRASG12C inhibitors and are anticipated to be of further use in the design of covalent (and noncovalent) inhibitors of other conformationally labile protein targets.
Effect of Graphene Oxide/Hydroxyapatite fine-grained AZ91D on blood compatibility and cytocompatibility
Authors: Ji Hongrui , Zhao Yunpeng , Yu Xiaojing , Fang Wenbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnesium alloy has excellent physical and mechanical properties and is expected to become a new generation of medical degradable materials. In this paper, the blood compatibility analysis of Graphene Oxide(GO)/Hydroxyapatite(HA)-AZ91D was carried out to improve the blood compatibility of magnesium alloy materials. AZ91D was used as the control group and GO/HA-AZ91D was used as the experimental group. The two samples were studied in vitro by hemolysis rate test, cell proliferation test, NO release and T-AOC test. The results combined with the work of the research group showed that the blood compatibility and cell compatibility of the GO/HA-AZ91D group were significantly improved, providing an effective idea for future corrosion resistant coatings on magnesium alloys.
Between Resistance and Complicity, the Australian Healthcare Community and 30 Years of Immigration Detention
Authors: Essex Ryan , Kalocsányiová Erika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis year marks 30 years since Australia introduced its policy of mandatory, indefinite immigration detention. We provide an overview of these policies with a focus on the involvement of healthcare workers, both within centres and externally, protesting these policies. We discuss several lessons that can be learnt from Australia?s approach, namely that traditional approaches to health and healthcare have done little to address the suffering of those who are detained. We call for the healthcare community to consider their role in activism and in calling for the abolition of detention. These lessons sadly have increasing global relevance with several countries now seeking to emulate Australia?s cruelty.
Constructing Pseudowords with Constraints on Morphological Features - Application for Polish Pseudonouns and Pseudoverbs
Authors: Dołżycka Joanna Daria , Nikadon Jan , Formanowicz Magdalena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPseudowords allow researchers to investigate multiple grammatical or syntactic aspects of language processing. In order to serve that purpose, pseudoword stimuli need to preserve certain properties of real language. We provide a Python-based pipeline for the generation of pseudoword stimuli that sound/read naturally in a given language. The pseudowords are designed to resemble real words and clearly indicate their grammatical class for languages that use specific suffixes from parts of speech. We also provide two sets of pseudonouns and pseudoverbs in Polish that are outcomes of the applied pipeline. The sets are equipped with psycholinguistically relevant properties of words, such as orthographic Levenshtein distance 20. We also performed two studies (overall N = 640) to test the validity of the algorithmically constructed stimuli in a human sample. Thus, we present stimuli that were deprived of direct meaning yet are clearly classifiable as grammatical categories while being orthographically and phonologically plausible.
A study of the diffusive properties of a modified compressible Navier-Stokes model
Authors: Svärd Magnus , Munthe Karl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide further validation for the weakly well-posed modified compressible Navier-Stokes system proposed in Svärd (Phys A 506:350–375, 2018) when applied to ideal gases. We do so by considering sound attenuation, both theoretically and numerically for argon and oxygen, and make comparisons with experimental values in the literature. Furthermore, we compute shock profiles for argon and nitrogen, and compare them with experiments in the literature. Our numerical simulations have revealed problems when using experimental attenuation data, as presented in the available literature, for validation and determination of diffusion coefficients. However, comparisons with the shock data, suggest that the modified system may benefit from an additional heat diffusive term. In view of these and previously published validation tests, the model proposed in Svärd (Phys A 506:350–375, 2018) is equally accurate as the standard compressible system. However, with more complete experimental information for the attenuation case at hand, it might be possible to further improve the accuracy by more precise determination of the diffusion coefficients. We propose a tentative adjustment of the model that may be tested/validated, if more detailed experimental information becomes available.
Leaf area index estimations by deep learning models using RGB images and data fusion in maize
Authors: Castro-Valdecantos P. , Apolo-Apolo O. E. , Pérez-Ruiz M. , Egea G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe leaf area index (LAI) is a biophysical crop parameter of great interest for agronomists and plant breeders. Direct methods for measuring LAI are normally destructive, while indirect methods are either costly or require long pre- and post-processing times. In this study, a novel deep learning-based (DL) model was developed using RGB nadir-view images taken from a high-throughput plant phenotyping platform for LAI estimation of maize. The study took place in a commercial maize breeding trial during two consecutive growing seasons. Ground-truth LAI values were obtained non-destructively using an allometric relationship that was derived to calculate the leaf area of individual leaves from their main leaf dimensions (length and maximum width). Three convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DL model approaches were proposed using RGB images as input. One of the models tested is a classification model trained with a set of RGB images tagged with previously measured LAI values (classes). The second model provides LAI estimates from CNN-based linear regression and the third one uses a combination of RGB images and numerical data as input of the CNN-based model (multi-input model). The results obtained from the three approaches were compared against ground-truth data and LAI estimations from a classic indirect method based on nadir-view image analysis and gap fraction theory. All DL approaches outperformed the classic indirect method. The multi-input_model showed the least error and explained the highest proportion of the observed LAI variance. This work represents a major advance for LAI estimation in maize breeding plots as compared to previous methods, in terms of processing time and equipment costs.
Moral entanglements with a changing climate
Authors: Elliott Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis essay explores the theorization of moral valuation outlined in Stefan Bargheer’s Moral Entanglements: Conserving Birds in Britain and Germany when extended to the climate crisis. It considers, first, how ‘nature’ is valued when it confronts people and societies as a source of threat, rather than of recreation or resources. Second, the essay critically examines the role of moral discourse in the collective work of addressing climate change and its relationship to practice.