bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D tribotronic transistors
Authors: Huo Ziwei , Yu Jinran , Li Yonghai , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely applied to field-effect transistors due to their great potential in optoelectronics, photodetectors, intelligent sensors, and neuromorphic devices. By integrating a 2D transistor with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) into a tribotronic transistor, the induced triboelectric potential can readily regulate the charge carrier transport characteristics in the semiconductor channel. The emerging research field of tribotronics (mainly tribotronic transistors) has attracted extensive attention due to their significant applications in various sensation and human–machine interactions. Here, this review summarizes the recent developments of 2D tribotronic transistors. Firstly, the electrical, optoelectronic, and piezoelectric properties of typical 2D materials are introduced. Then, tribotronic tuning at the micro/nanoscale is discussed together with the methodologies of thermionic emission, triboelectricity tunneling, and atomic force microscope probe scanning, which is of great significance for the investigation of the underlying mechanism of the tribotronic effect. In addition, macroscale tribotronic regulation via TENG mechanical displacement is discussed in detail to explore the applications of 2D tribotronic transistors in intelligent sensors, logic devices, memory devices, and artificial synapses. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for 2D tribotronic transistors are discussed.
Multimodal shunt damping of mechanical structures using multiple digital vibration absorbers
Authors: Dietrich Jennifer , Raze Ghislain , Kerschen Gaëtan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A novel piezoelectric shunt damping methodology for structures featuring different mode families with high modal density is introduced in this work. To this end, multiple digital vibration absorbers comprising each a voltage sensor, a digital processing unit and a current injector are connected to multiple piezoelectric transducers bonded to these structures. The digital absorbers mimic a multi-stage current blocking shunt circuit whose parameters are determined in a sequential manner to account for the interaction between the different branches. Two tuning strategies which target either an actual resonance frequency of a mode family or a so-called mean frequency are developed and compared, and their robustness to mistuning is addressed. The use of these tuning strategies in combination with the multi-stage shunt design allows to target multiple mode families at the same time. Finally, the theoretical developments are demonstrated experimentally on a 3D-printed rail with 5 blades.
Investigation of the damping behavior of shape memory alloy-nitinol reinforced composite
Authors: Patil Ranjit Anil , Rane Santosh B , Kumbhar Samir B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) recently increased in smart structures. It is essential to investigate the impact of viscoelastic material, and transformation temperatures of SMA on dynamic behavior, especially the damping capability of the SMA reinforced composite. In this paper, the damping constants of SMA and viscoelastic material are evaluated experimentally, and a damping model based on experimental results is proposed for the composite. The effect of SMA wires in combination and selective activation has been studied using the proposed model and validated experimentally. It has been observed that damping predicted by the model is close to damping calculated by experimentation. Also, damping varies with the transformation temperatures of SMA. Thus, dynamic control of the SMA reinforced composite is feasible by controlling transformation temperature. The composite studied in this work can shift the damping by 9.58% by activating all nitinol wires.
Coot optimization based Enhanced Global Pyramid Network for 3D hand pose estimation
Authors: Malavath Pallavi , Devarakonda Nagaraju 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to its importance in various applications that need human-computer interaction (HCI), the field of 3D hand pose estimation (HPE) has recently got a lot of attention. The use of technological developments, such as deep learning networks has accelerated the development of reliable 3D HPE systems. Therefore, in this paper, a 3D HPE based on Enhanced Global Pyramid Network (EGPNet) is proposed. Initially, feature extraction is done by backbone model of DetNetwork with improved EGPNet. The EGPNet is enhanced by the Smish activation function. After the feature extraction, the HPE is performed based on 3D pose correction network. Additionally, to enhance the estimation performance, Coot optimization algorithm is used to optimize the error between estimated and ground truth hand pose. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimented on Bharatanatyam, yoga, Kathakali and sign language datasets with different networks in terms of area under the curve, median end-point-error (EPE) and mean EPE. The Coot optimization is also compared with existing optimization algorithms.
The Association Between Salt Taste Threshold and Hypertensive Nephropathy in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Yang Pei-li , Yang Xiao-li , Xue Yuan-zheng , Gong Xue , Li Fang-tang , Wu Geng-ze , Zeng Chun-yu , Chen Ken , Yang Yong-jian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between salt taste threshold and hypertensive nephropathy in patients with essential hypertension.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 346 hypertensive patients in Daping Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Among them 94 patients were hypertensive nephropathy and 252 hypertensive patients without renal damage served as controls. The salt taste threshold of patients was measured by taking different concentrations of NaCl solution. The difference in salt taste threshold between the 2 groups of patients was compared, and the correlation between salt taste threshold and hypertensive nephropathy was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of salt taste threshold to predict hypertensive nephropathy.

Results
The salt taste threshold of the hypertensive nephropathy patients was significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients without renal damage [0.075 (0.050–0.100) vs. 0.050 (0.050–0.100) mol/l, P = 0.010]. As salt taste threshold increased, the renal function decreased gradually, which was manifested by the increase of urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and the decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for traditional risk factors, a higher salt taste threshold was an independent risk factor for hypertensive nephropathy (odds ratio = 1.299, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.655, P = 0.034). The area under ROC curve was 0.586 (95% CI 0.520–0.652).

Conclusions
Salt taste threshold correlates with biochemical indicators of renal damage, and a higher salt taste threshold is a risk factor of hypertensive nephropathy in patients with essential hypertension.
MIDAS2: Metagenomic Intra-species Diversity Analysis System
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Dimitrov Boris , Goldman Miriam , Nayfach Stephen , Pollard Katherine S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSummaryThe Metagenomic Intra-Species Diversity Analysis System (MIDAS) is a scalable metagenomic pipeline that identifies single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and gene copy number variants in microbial populations. Here, we present MIDAS2, which addresses the computational challenges presented by increasingly large reference genome databases, while adding functionality for building custom databases and leveraging paired-end reads to improve SNV accuracy. This fast and scalable reengineering of the MIDAS pipeline enables thousands of metagenomic samples to be efficiently genotyped.Availability and implementationThe source code is available at https://github.com/czbiohub/MIDAS2.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Accounting for transgenerational effects of toxicant exposure in population models alters the predicted long-term population status
Authors: Brander Susanne M , White J Wilson , DeCourten Bethany M , Major Kaley , Hutton Sara J , Connon Richard E , Mehinto Alvine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute environmental stressors such as short-term exposure to pollutants can have lasting effects on organisms, potentially impacting future generations. Parental exposure to toxicants can result in changes to the epigenome (e.g., DNA methylation) that are passed down to subsequent, unexposed generations. However, it is difficult to gauge the cumulative population-scale impacts of epigenetic effects from laboratory experiments alone. Here, we developed a size- and age-structured delay-coordinate population model to evaluate the long-term consequences of epigenetic modifications on population sustainability. The model emulated changes in growth, mortality, and fecundity in the F0, F1, and F2 generations observed in experiments in which larval Menidia beryllina were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of bifenthrin (Bif), ethinylestradiol (EE2), levonorgestrel (LV), or trenbolone (TB) in the parent generation (F0) and reared in clean water up to the F2 generation. Our analysis suggests potentially dramatic population-level effects of repeated, chronic exposures of early-life stage fish that are not captured by models not accounting for those effects. Simulated exposures led to substantial declines in population abundance (LV and Bif) or near-extinction (EE2 and TB) with the exact trajectory and timeline of population decline dependent on the combination of F0, F1, and F2 effects produced by each compound. Even acute one-time exposures of each compound led to declines and recovery over multiple years due to lagged epigenetic effects. These results demonstrate the potential for environmentally relevant concentrations of commonly used compounds to impact the population dynamics and sustainability of an ecologically relevant species and model organism.
Importance of external validation and subgroup analysis of artificial intelligence in the detection of low ejection fraction from electrocardiograms
Authors: Yagi Ryuichiro , Goto Shinichi , Katsumata Yoshinori , MacRae Calum A , Deo Rahul C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimLeft ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) carries an increased risk for overt heart failure and mortality, yet treatable to mitigate disease progression. An artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) model demonstrated promise in LVSD screening, but the performance dropped unexpectedly in external validation. We thus sought to train de novo models for LVSD detection and investigated their performance across multiple institutions and across a broader set of patient strata.Methods and resultsECGs taken within 14 days of an echocardiogram were obtained from four academic hospitals (three in the United States and one in Japan). Four AI models were trained to detect patients with ejection fraction (EF) &lt;40% using ECGs from each of the four institutions. All the models were then evaluated on the held-out test data set from the same institution and data from the three external institutions. Subgroup analyses stratified by patient characteristics and common ECG abnormalities were performed. A total of 221 846 ECGs were identified from the 4 institutions. While the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH)-trained and Keio-trained models yielded similar accuracy on their internal test data [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) 0.913 and 0.914, respectively], external validity was worse for the Keio-trained model (AUROC: 0.905–0.915 for BWH trained and 0.849–0.877 for Keio-trained model). Although ECG abnormalities including atrial fibrillation, left bundle branch block, and paced rhythm-reduced detection, the models performed robustly across patient characteristics and other ECG features.ConclusionWhile using the same model architecture, different data sets produced models with different performances for detecting low-EF highlighting the importance of external validation and extensive stratification analysis.
Burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to particulate matter pollution in the eastern Mediterranean region: analysis of the 1990–2019 global burden of disease
Authors: Motairek Issam , Ajluni Steven , Khraishah Haitham , AlAhmad Barrak , Al-Dulaimi Sarah , Abi Khalil Charbel , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Al-Kindi Sadeer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Particulate matter pollution is the most important environmental mediator of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Air pollution evidence from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is limited, owing to scarce local studies, and the omission from multinational studies. We sought to investigate trends of particulate matter (PM2.5)-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in the EMR from 1990 to 2019.

Methods and results
We used the 1990–2019 global burden of disease methodology to investigate total PM2.5, ambient PM2.5, and household PM2.5-related CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and cause-specific CVD mortality in the EMR. The average annual population-weighted PM2.5 exposure in EMR region was 50.3 μg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI):42.7–59.0] in 2019, which was comparable with 199 048.1 μg/m3 (95% CI: 36.5–65.3). This was despite an 80% reduction in household air pollution (HAP) sources since 1990. In 2019, particulate matter pollution contributed to 25.67% (95% CI: 23.55–27.90%) of total CVD deaths and 28.10% (95% CI: 25.75–30.37%) of DALYs in the region, most of which were due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke. We estimated that 353 071 (95% CI: 304 299–404 591) CVD deaths in EMR were attributable to particulate matter in 2019, including 264 877 (95% CI: 218 472–314 057) and 88 194.07 (95% CI: 60 149–119 949) CVD deaths from ambient PM2.5 pollution and HAP from solid fuels, respectively. DALY’s in 2019 from CVD attributable to particulate matter was 28.1% when compared with 26.69% in 1990. The age-standardized death and DALY rates attributable to air pollution was 2122 per 100 000 in EMR in 2019 and was higher in males (2340 per 100 000) than in females (1882 per 100 000).

Conclusion
The EMR region experiences high PM2.5 levels with high regional heterogeneity and attributable burden of CVD due to air pollution. Despite significant reductions of overall HAP in the past 3 decades, there is continued HAP exposure in this region with rising trend in CVD mortality and DALYs attributable to ambient sources. Given the substantial contrast in disease burden, exposures, socio-economic and geo-political constraints in the EMR region, our analysis suggests substantial opportunities for PM2.5 attributable CVD burden mitigation.
Stratification of Companion Animal Life Stages from Electronic Medical Record Diagnosis Data
Authors: Salt Carina , Saito Emi K , O’Flynn Ciaran , Allaway David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAging is a complex, multifactorial process, where different life stages reflect changes in metabolic processes, immune capacities, and genetic/epigenetic repertoires. With accumulating exposure to environmental stresses and deterioration of physiological functions, body systems become more prone to low-grade chronic inflammation and an increasing range of pathologies. We hypothesized that differential susceptibility to diseases across life span reflects phased changes in an organism’s physiological capacity that may highlight when interventions may be appropriately used. Furthermore, the number of life stages may vary between species and be impacted by signalment such as breed. We tested this hypothesis using disease diagnoses data from veterinary electronic medical records containing almost 2 million cats and over 4 million dogs. Bi-clustering (on rates of disease diagnoses) and adaptive branch pruning were used to identify age clusters that could be used to define adult life stages. Clustering among diagnoses were then interpreted within the context of each defined life stage. The analyses identified 5 age clusters in cats and 4 age clusters within each of the 4 canine breed size categories used. This study, using population scale data for two species, one with differential size and life expectancies, is the first to our knowledge to use disease diagnosis data to define adult life stages. The life stages presented here are a result of a data-driven approach to age and disease stratification and are intended to support conversations between clinicians and clients about appropriate health care recommendations.
Self-Reported Sensory Decline in Older Adults Is Longitudinally Associated With Both Modality-General and Modality-Specific Factors
Authors: O’ Dowd Alan , Hirst Rebecca J , Setti Annalisa , Kenny Rose Anne , Newell Fiona N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Self-reported sensory data provide important insight into an individual’s perception of sensory ability. It remains unclear what factors predict longitudinal change in self-reported sensory ability across multiple modalities during healthy aging. This study examined these associations in a cohort of older adults for vision, hearing, taste, and smell.

Research Design and Methods
Data on self-report sensory ability were drawn from 5,065 participants of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (mean age at baseline = 61.6, SD = 9.5, range 32–93 years; 59% female; resident in the Republic of Ireland) across 6 waves of data collection (2009–2021). Covariates included demographics, lifestyle factors, and measures of sensory, physical, mental, and cognitive health. Independent discrete survival analyses were performed for each sensory modality.

Results
A transition to self-reported fair/poor hearing was most prevalent (21% of the sample), followed by fair/poor vision (19%), smell (11%), and taste (6%). Participants who self-reported fair/poor function in one sensory modality were likely to report fair/poor ability in another sensory modality, although not for all pairings. Only self-rated fair/poor health was associated with increased odds of self-reported fair/poor ability across all sensory modalities. Age was associated with increased odds of self-reported fair/poor hearing, smell, and taste, as was current smoker status (vision, smell, and taste). Several other sensory (e.g., eye disease, hearing aid use) and nonsensory covariates (e.g., education, depression) were associated with the odds of self-reported fair/poor ability in one or two sensory modalities only.

Discussion and Implications
Over time, older adults perceive associations in fair/poor ability for multiple sensory modalities, albeit somewhat inconsistently. Both modality-general and modality-specific factors are associated with a transition from normal to fair/poor sensory ability. These results suggest the need for more routine testing of multiple senses with increasing age.
Developing-country status at the WTO: the divergent strategies of Brazil, India and China
Authors: Schöfer Till , Weinhardt Clara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The global power shift towards Brazil, India, China and other non-western powers has led to pressures to adjust international institutions to new economic realities. Most power shift theories assume that established powers defend their institutional privileges, while emerging powers challenge them. Conversely, in this article we reverse this assumption by shedding light on ‘privileges’ of the weak: many international institutions have established special rights for disadvantaged regime members. We ask what strategies emerging powers adopt as they come under pressure to give up these rights commonly reserved for regime members with developing country status. We present a novel conceptualization of four ideal-typical strategies that combine elements of resistance and accommodation. Empirically, we examine the strategies that Brazil, India and China (BICs) have adopted in the World Trade Organization. We find that no uniform approach exists across the BICs: while India fiercely resists giving up its status as a developing country and the flexibilities it comes with, Brazil adopts a pragmatic approach that largely accommodates established powers' demands to give up special rights reserved for developing countries. China pursues a mixed strategy of selective accommodation and resistance. These findings contribute to recent debates on global power shifts by illustrating how material incentives and status considerations shape the adaptation of international institutions as privileges for the weak are re-negotiated.
State Apologies and International Law
Authors: Gibney Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article explores whether transnational state apologies—apologies from one state to another, but invariably apologies from “strong” states to “weak” ones—have any real meaning under international law. Without the force of law, states could continue to pursue the same or similar policies to those things for which they now apologize. One of the more remarkable aspects of transnational state apologies is the way in which they challenge the dominant “territorial” interpretation of international law. Through these apologies, states are committing themselves to protect not only their own citizens, but foreign nationals as well. Moreover, these principles are reflected in things like the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) initiative as well as the Arms Trade Treaty. On the other hand, there is also evidence of a fissure between (apologetic) words, on the one hand, and international law and state practice, most notably the law on state responsibility as well as the legal apartheid now institutionalized in both the United States and in Europe—the two largest purveyors of state apologies.
De-identified data quality assessment approaches by data vendors who license data to healthcare and life sciences researchers
Authors: Erwin Johnson C , Colquhoun Daniel , Ruppar Daniel A , Vetter Sascha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To gain insights into how data vendor companies (DVs), an important source of de-identified/anonymized licensed patient-related data (D/ALD) used in clinical informatics research in life sciences and the pharmaceutical industry, characterize, conduct, and communicate data quality assessments to researcher purchasers of D/ALD.

Materials and Methods
A qualitative study with interviews of DVs executives and decision-makers in data quality assessments (n = 12) and content analysis of interviews transcripts.

Results
Data quality, from the perspective of DVs, is characterized by how it is defined, validated, and processed. DVs identify data quality as the main contributor to successful collaborations with life sciences/pharmaceutical research partners. Data quality feedback from clients provides the basis for DVs reviews and inspections of quality processes. DVs value customer interactions, view collaboration, shared common goals, mutual expertise, and communication related to data quality as success factors.

Conclusion
Data quality evaluation practices are important. However, no uniform DVs industry standards for data quality assessment were identified. DVs describe their orientation to data quality evaluation as a direct result of not only the complex nature of data sources, but also of techniques, processes, and approaches used to construct data sets. Because real-world data (RWD), eg, patient data from electronic medical records, is used for real-world evidence (RWE) generation, the use of D/ALD will expand and require refinement. The focus on (and rigor in) data quality assessment (particularly in research necessary to make regulatory decisions) will require more structure, standards, and collaboration between DVs, life sciences/pharmaceutical, informaticists, and RWD/RWE policy-making stakeholders.