bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past and future rainfall change in sub-regions of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Rauniyar Surendra P. , Power Scott B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study we examine rainfall variability and change in three subregions of the state of Victoria in Australia: the Murray Basin Victoria (MBVic), southeast Victoria (SEVic) and southwest Victoria (SWVic). These regions represent three different hydrological super-catchments over Victoria and received average rainfall for the 1997 – 2018 period, about 15%, 11% and 8% less than the 1900 – 1959 period average. The observed decline in each region is shown to be very unusual in terms of historical variability. On analyzing CMIP5 models under different forcing conditions (preindustrial, historical-all, historical-GHGs-only, historical-natural-only, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), we found that the external forcing contributed to an estimated 30% of the observed drying in SWVic (interquartile range of 66% to 3%), which is more than one-and-a-half times higher than the contribution of external forcing on other regions (MBVic: 18% and SEVic: 17%). These estimates indicate that the drying across Victoria, while primarily driven by internal rainfall variability, was reinforced by external forcing. By 2037, the multi-model median (MMM) drying is greater than one standard deviation of modelled internal variability, and about 90% of the models simulate drying. Under a high emission (RCP8.5) scenario, the anthropogenically-forced drying towards the late 21 st century is so large in all three regions that internal variability appears too small to be able to offset it. Our estimates may be underestimated as many models underestimate the observed interannual and inter-decadal variability and they exhibit a difficulty in simulating the magnitude of the observed decline.
A Double Wheel Device to Induce a Severe Plastic Deformation in Drawing: a Study for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Within Industry 4.0 Paradigm.
Authors: CARUSO SERAFINO , Filice Luigino 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) represents the most successful severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for continuous industrial manufacturing of longer wires, with a constant cross-section, characterized by smaller diameters and better mechanical properties (i.e. high strain and hardness) mainly due to the grain size refinement. In this paper an advanced innovative concept to impose SPD, on commercial 1370 pure aluminium wires (Al 99.7%), is proposed to improve the flexibility of the classic manufacturing method of ECAD by controlling and regulating process parameters in real time, obtaining several combinations of mechanical properties and increasing productivity. This paper provides an analysis of mechanical and microstructural changes occurring during ECAD process and, preserving the principles of the ECAD method, describes an innovative concept of plastic deformation showing the potential improvements to practice. The proposed manufacturing system has been validated in a digital ecosystem, performing a finite element analysis (FEA); the latter implements a flow stress empirical model, that includes the influence of the grain size change, for the material behaviour and two customized user-subroutines for predicting grain refinement and hardness variation. The study demonstrates the technique potential and, at the same time, how it is possible to mix simulation and reality in the hybrid World promoted by Industry 4.0 paradigm.
Indian Sign Language Generation using Natural Language Processing and Audio Speech
Authors: Sharma Purushottam , Tulsian Devesh , Sharma Pratibha , Nancy Nancy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Language plays a vital role in the communication of ideas, thoughts, and information to others. Deaf and dumb people also communicate their thoughts using a language known as Sign Language. Every country has a different sign language which is based on their native language. In our research paper, our major focus is on Indian Sign Language which is mostly used sign language by hearing and speaking impaired communities in India. Sharing feelings and thoughts with family and friends is the easiest way for normal people to express their emotions but what if other people are unable to understand your language. This situation is faced by nearly every deaf and dumb person in our society. This led to the idea of introducing Audio to the Indian Sign Language translation system which can erase this gap in communication between deaf people and society. The system accepts audio and text as input and shows corresponding sign movements based on grammar rules of Indian Sign Language as output. The heart of the system is natural language processing which gives life to the system using tokenization, parsing, lemmatization, and parts of speech tagging.
Are Sex and Gender Considered in Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Study Designs?
Authors: Gaeta Aurora , D’Ecclesiis Oriana , Ghiani Lavinia , Maugeri Paolo , Tagliabue Marta , Veneri Camilla , Gaiaschi Camilla , Ansarin Mohssen , Gandini Sara , Chiocca Susanna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Our study aims at observing the consideration given to sex and gender (S/G) in head and neck cancer (HNC) studies. Since Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is an important risk factor in a subset of HNC, we also searched for mention of HPV in this specific subset, namely the oral cavity, larynx and oropharynx. Method: We investigated the inclusion of sex and/or gender in HNC studies on ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), collecting data up to 12 April 2022. Categorical variables were summarised with frequencies and percentages. Differences between groups were tested using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s test for categorical variables. Results: We identified 1672 ClinicalTrials.gov registered HNC studies that were not withdrawn or terminated, which admitted all sexes: 640 (38%) explicitly addressed S/G solely as a recruitment criterion and only 89 (5%) mention S/G as a planned analytical variable. Proportionally more observational/patient registry studies treated S/G as an analytical variable than interventional studies (10% vs 5%, P-value ≤0.001). In proportion S/G mention as analytical variable was different for samples below and above 100 units (P-value ≤0.001): 8% of the studies involved more than 100 subjects and 5% less than 100 subjects. There was a significant difference between the S/G role in different interventional study phases (P-value≤0.001), the highest percentage of studies that mentioned S/G as an analytical variable was observed in interventional studies where phase was not applicable (7%) such as pilot, feasibility, and diagnostic studies. Studies involving oral cavity-oropharynx and larynx were significantly more when with samples above 100 units than other head and neck studies (38% vs 25%, P-value=0.002). HPV was mentioned in 18% of oral cavity-oropharynx studies and there was no statistically significant difference between the mention of HPV in studies concerning oral cavity-oropharynx (P-value=0.4) and other head and neck studies. Conclusion: Our analysis shows that, although fundamental, in studies concerning HNC the S/G variable is often not taken into consideration. In particular, interventional studies do not regularly account for S/G during planning of the HNC study design. We need to change this attitude to best imbue science and medicine with the proper biology and cultural differences.
Utilization of Growth Monitoring and Promotion Services and Undernutrition of Children less than two years of Age in Northern Ghana
Authors: Baguune Benjamin , Aminu Dramani M. , Bekyieriya Emmanuel , Adokiya Martin N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Child malnutrition is a major public health problem and an important indicator of child’s health. Adequate nutrition is critical for a child’s growth and development. Growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) services is a nutrition intervention aimed at improving the nutritional status of children. We assessed the utilization of growth monitoring and promotion services and nutritional status of children less than two years in northern Ghana.
Methods
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that involved face-to-face interviews among 266 mothers with children < 2 years of age attending child welfare clinics (CWC) as well as some anthropometric measurements. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software, version 20. The nutritional status of children was classified as underweight (weight-for-age z score < -2 standard deviations), stunted (length-for-age Z score < − 2) and wasted (weight-for-length z score < -2) while utilization of GMP services was based on attendance to CWC and ability to interpret to different growth curves.
Results
The prevalence of child undernutrition shows that, 18.6% were underweight, 14.7% were stunted and 7.9% were wasted. About 60% of the mothers accessed GMP services regularly. The main reason for irregular access to GMP services was due to travel out (68.0%). Less than half of the mothers were able to interpret the children’s growth curve correctly: falling growth curve (36.8%), flattening growth curve (35.7%) and rising growth curve (27.4%). In combining children < 6 and 6–23 months of age. Only one-third (33.1%) of mothers practiced appropriate infant and young child feeding.
Conclusion
We found that, the level of undernutrition was high, child feeding practices was poor and maternal utilization of GMP services was low in the study area. Similarly, ability to interpret the child’s growth curve appropriately was a challenge among women. Thus, attention is needed to improve knowledge and utilization of GMP services and to address breastfeeding and complementary feeding challenges.
Longitudinal association of handgrip strength with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from a causal framework
Authors: Bueno Rubén López , Andersen Lars Louis , Calatayud Joaquín , Casaña José , Smith Lee , Jacob Louis , Koyanagi Ai , Cruz Borja del Pozo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To date, there is no study addressing the time-varying confounding bias in the association of handgrip strength (HGS) with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, we conducted marginal structural models (MSM) to provide causal estimations on the associations of HGS with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative sample of adults aged 50 years or older.
Methods
Data from 29 countries including 121 116 participants (276 994 observations; mean age 63.7 years; 56.3% women) free from prior heart attack or stroke were retrieved from consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). During a median of 7.7 years follow-up (interquartile range 3.8–11.8) and 1,009,862 person-years, 6407 participants (5.3%) died due to all causes, and 2263 (1.9%) died due to cardiovascular diseases. Using repeated measures of handheld dynamometry, we determined absolute and relative to body mass index HGS of each participant. We applied adjusted MSM to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with changes over time in HGS addressing the time-varying confounding bias. An increase of 5 kg in HGS was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause [HR 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.90], overall cardiovascular (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.86), heart attack (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95), and stroke (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.90) mortality. The associations of relative HGS were of stronger magnitude in all cases.
Conclusions
Our findings provide critical evidence on the importance of increasing general muscle strength in middle-aged to older adults to reduce mortality risk, particularly concerning cardiovascular causes.
Type I interferons link skin-associated dysbiotic commensal bacteria to pathogenic inflammation and angiogenesis in rosacea
Authors: Mylonas Alessio , Hawerkamp Heike , Wang Yichen , Demaria Olivier , Meller Stephan , Homey Bernhard , Domizio Jeremy Di , Mazzolai Lucia , Hovnanian Alain , Gilliet Michel , Curdin Conrad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a fluctuating course of excessive inflammation and apparent neovascularization. Microbial dysbiosis with high density of B. oleronius and increased activity of kallikrein 5, which cleaves cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, are key pathogenic triggers in rosacea. However, how these events are linked to the disease remains unknown. Here, we show that type I interferons produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent the pivotal link between dysbiosis, the aberrant immune response, and neovascularization. Compared to other commensal bacteria, B. oleronius is highly susceptible and preferentially killed by cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides leading to enhanced generation of complexes with bacterial DNA. These bacterial DNA-complexes but not DNA-complexes derived from host cells are required for cathelicidin-induced activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I interferon production. Moreover, kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into peptides with heightened DNA-binding and type I interferon-inducing capacities. In turn, excessive type I interferon expression drives neoangiogenesis via IL22 induction and upregulation of the IL22 receptor on endothelial cells. These findings unravel a novel pathomechanism, which directly links hallmarks of rosacea to the killing of dysbiotic commensal bacteria with induction of a pathogenic type I interferon-driven and IL22-mediated angiogenesis.
Efektivitas Penyerapan Kalsium pada Model Tikus Kurang Gizi yang Diberi Diet Berbasis Mocaf Diperkaya Inulin
Authors: Astuti Ilmi Dewi , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Setiawan Budi , Herminiati Ainia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the calcium balance in undernourished rats fed with inulin-enriched MOCAF-based diet. Twenty-seven Sprague Dawley male rats at post-weaning age were classified into 1 normal control groups and 8 undernourished groups. The undernourished rats were conditioned for one month then followed by intervention with MOCAF-based diet for another one month. Calcium analysis was performed on the urine, feces, and tibial bones of rats. Data of calcium were processed using One Way Anova test followed by Post Hoc Duncan to determine mean differences between groups. The results showed that calcium absorption, calcium retention, and calcium bioavailability between groups differed significantly (p0.05). The highest calcium absorption and calcium retention were found in the protein-energy-deficient rats fed Manggu MOCAF with inulin (KEP M2 = 97.47 ± 0.39% and 97.4 ± 0.4%) respectively. Bioavailability of calcium was higher in the group of undernourished rats fed with MOCAF-based diet. The highest level of calcium of the tibia was found in the protein-deficient rats fed Mentega MOCAF with inulin (KP T2 = 41.1 ± 3.59%) and was significantly different (p0.05) from the protein-energy-deficient rats fed Manggu MOCAF without inulin group (KEP M1= 25.7 ± 6.71%). This study concluded that inulin-enriched MOCAF-based diet could improve the calcium balance in undernourished rats. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian diet berbasis MOCAF diperkaya inulin terhadap efektivitas penyerapan kalsium pada model tikus kurang gizi. Sebanyak 27 tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley usia lepas masa sapih dikelompokkan menjadi 9 kelompok, yaitu 1 kelompok kontrol normal dan 8 kelompok tikus kurang gizi. Pembuatan model tikus kurang gizi selama satu bulan dan dilanjutkan intervensi dengan diet berbasis MOCAF selama satu bulan. Analisis kalsium dilakukan pada urin, feses, dan tulang tibia tikus. Data kalsium diolah menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya serap kalsium, retensi kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium antar kelompok berbeda secara signifikan (p0,05). Daya serap dan retensi kalsium tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok tikus kurang energi protein yang diberi diet MOCAF manggu dengan inulin (KEP M2 = 97,47 ± 0,39% dan 97,4 ± 0,4%). Bioavailabilitas kalsium lebih tinggi pada kelompok tikus kurang gizi yang diberi diet berbasis MOCAF. Kadar kalsium tulang tibia paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok tikus kurang protein yang diberi diet MOCAF mentega dengan inulin (KP T2= 41,1 ± 3,59 %) dan berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok tikus kurang energi protein yang diberi diet MOCAF Manggu tanpa inulin (KEP M1=25,7 ± 6,71 %). Disimpulkan bahwa diet berbasis MOCAF dengan inulin dapat membantu penyerapan kalsium pada tikus kurang gizi.
Multi-scale stormwater harvesting to enhance urban resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi , Bach Peter M. , Pahlow Markus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stormwater harvesting systems are a viable option to adapt cities to cope with climate change and reduce pressure on water supply services. This is particularly crucial in the event of natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods), where large parts of cities may become disconnected from a secure water supply for prolonged time periods. We demonstrate how optimum location, density and storage size can be determined using UrbanBEATS, a spatial planning-support system for planning and design of sustainable Blue-Green Infrastructure strategies. We investigate the Ōtākaro/Avon River catchment, Christchurch, New Zealand for the time periods 2011–2020, 2041–2050 and 2091–2100 (for the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario). For targets of 30% of potable water substitution and 70% storage volumetric reliability, we found that stormwater harvesting systems in all climate scenarios required a larger capacity compared to the baseline. Most storages achieved their set targets and were larger than the municipality's recommended 9 m3 for flood inundation, indicating that the identified storages would also reduce minor flooding while ensuring water savings. A shift in the spatial layout of modelled systems from highly distributed to more centralised, however, raises a potential conflict with disaster resilience where more local solutions would be preferable.
Evolutionary game analysis of water-saving behavior of energy enterprises and food producers from the perspective of water-energy-food nexus
Authors: Huang De-chun , Xu Lian-yan , He Zheng-qi , Cao Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Water resources are not only the essential natural resources for the national economy and people's livelihood but also are the strategic economic resources for the safe production of energy and food. However, the shortage of water resources caused by extreme climate is a great challenge to energy enterprises and food producers. According to the game theory and the theory of economic development stage, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model for local governments, energy enterprises, and food producers. Further, it analyzes the evolutionary stability strategies of the game players at different development stages through simulations. The results indicate that: (1) the game players have different strategies of evolutionary stability at different development stages, while local governments adopting water-saving policies will promote the water-saving behavior of energy enterprises and food producers; (2) the choice of water-saving behavior of energy enterprises and food producers mainly depends on the water-saving costs; (3) the guidance of the government and the management of water-saving cost make the large water consumers realize the transformation from the ‘competition of water-consuming’ to the ‘cooperation of water-saving.’ According to the above analysis, many political recommendations are further put forward.
Assessment of flood susceptibility prediction based on optimized tree-based machine learning models
Authors: Eslaminezhad Seyed Ahmad , Eftekhari Mobin , Azma Aliasghar , Kiyanfar Ramin , Akbari Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to the physical processes of floods, the use of data-driven machine learning (ML) models is a cost-efficient approach to flood modeling. The innovation of the current study revolves around the development of tree-based ML models, including Rotation Forest (ROF), Alternating Decision Tree (ADTree), and Random Forest (RF) via binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), to estimate flood susceptibility in the Maneh and Samalqan watershed, Iran. Therefore, to implement the models, 370 flood-prone locations in the case study were identified (2016–2019). In addition, 20 hydrogeological, topographical, geological, and environmental criteria affecting flood occurrence in the study area were extracted to predict flood susceptibility. The area under the curve (AUC) and a variety of other statistical indicators were used to evaluate the performances of the models. The results showed that the RF-BPSO (AUC=0.935) has the highest accuracy compared to ROF-BPSO (AUC=0.904), and ADTree-BPSO (AUC=0.923). In addition, the findings illustrated that the chance of flooding in the center of the area in question is greater than in other points due to lower elevation, lower slope, and proximity to rivers. Therefore, the ensemble framework proposed here can also be used to predict flood susceptibility maps in other regions with similar geo-environmental characteristics for flood management and prevention.
Specifying optimum water resources based on cost-benefit relationship for settlements by artificial immune systems: Case study of Rutba City, Iraq
Authors: Eryiğit Miraç , Sulaiman Sadeq Oleiwi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to specify optimum water resources depending on a cost-benefit relationship for residential areas by heuristic optimization. For this purpose, a case study of Rutba City in Iraq was applied. It is planned that water demand of the city is supplied by four different pumped pipelines (Pipelines 1–4). An optimum water supply among these pipelines was determined by considering their daily incomes (water charge per m3) and expenses (electricity price of pump stations), and daily demand for the city. In order to solve this optimization problem, a heuristic optimization model using a modified clonal selection algorithm (Clonalg), a class of artificial immune aystems was improved. The algorithm was coded in Matlab programming language, and it was run ten times to test its stability. Two objective functions of total daily income and expense were simultaneously used to maximize total daily net income under the constraints of the required daily water demand of the city and pump discharge capacities. Another constraint was that total net income for ten years should finance the initial cost of the unconstructed pipeline 4. The results showed that the optimization model using the modified Clonalg is useful and feasible for determining optimum water supply in terms of the cost-benefit relationship.