bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical biology to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying plant circadian clocks
Authors: Nakamichi Norihito , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Sato Ayato , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Ota Eisuke 
Published: June 2022

SummaryCircadian clocks regulate the diel rhythmic physiological activities of plants, enabling them to anticipate and adapt to day–night and seasonal changes. Genetic and biochemical approaches have suggested that transcription–translation feedback loops (TTFL) are crucial for Arabidopsis clock function. Recently, the study of chemical chronobiology has emerged as a discipline within the circadian clock field, with important and complementary discoveries from both plant and animal research. In this review, we introduce recent advances in chemical biology using small molecules to perturb plant circadian clock function through TTFL components. Studies using small molecule clock modulators have been instrumental for revealing the role of post‐translational modification in the clock, or the metabolite‐dependent clock input pathway, as well as for controlling clock‐dependent flowering time.
Can the response to a single dose of beclomethasone dipropionate predict the outcome of long‐term treatment in childhood exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction?
Authors: Hengeveld Vera S. , Lammers Natasja , van der Kamp Mattienne R. , van der Palen Job , Thio Bernard J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundExercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a frequent and highly specific symptom of childhood asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of controller therapy for EIB and asthma; however, a proportion of asthmatic children and adolescents is less responsive to ICS. We hypothesized that a single dose response to ICS could function as a predictor for individual long‐term efficacy of ICS.ObjectiveTo assess the predictive value of the bronchoprotective effect of a single‐dose beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) against EIB for the bronchoprotective effect of 4 weeks of treatment, using an exercise challenge test (ECT).MethodsThirty‐two steroid‐naïve children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with EIB were included in this prospective cohort study. They performed an ECT at baseline, after a single‐dose BDP (200µg) and after 4 weeks of BDP treatment (100 µg twice daily) to assess EIB severity.ResultsThe response to a single‐dose BDP on exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 showed a significant correlation with the response on exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 after 4 weeks of BDP treatment (r = .38, p = .004). A reduction in post‐exercise fall in FEV1 of more than 8% after a single‐dose BDP could predict BDP efficacy against EIB after 4 weeks of treatment with a positive predictive value of 100% (CI: 86.1–100%) and a negative predictive value of 29.4% (CI: 11.7%–53.7%).ConclusionWe found that the individual response to a single‐dose BDP against EIB has a predictive value for the efficacy of long‐term treatment with BDP. This could support clinicians in providing personalized management of EIB in childhood asthma.
Relative Radiometric Normalisation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry‐based RGB Orthomosaics
Authors: Pastucha Elżbieta , Puniach Edyta , Gruszczyński Wojciech , Ćwiąkała Paweł , Matwij Wojciech , Midtiby Henrik Skov 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe problem of brightness differences between images of the same scene is important to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and affects both the aesthetics and the interpretation of the final product. This problem can be caused by changes in the positions of the camera or sun, as well as weather conditions. This article deals with the problem of varied image brightness caused by the latter. Relative radiometric normalisation (RRN) of acquired RGB imagery is used to diminish the effects of this phenomenon and improve the visual quality of the resultant product. The presented algorithm considers the specificity of UAV‐acquired data. It utilises image positions and their relationships to group similar images, choose references and perform RRN via histogram matching. The final method is robust and fully automatic. Validation performed on two independent datasets confirms its effectiveness both qualitatively (improving the appearance of the orthomosaic) and quantitatively.
ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts
Authors: Foyer Christine H. , Hanke Guy 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYReactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●− production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys‐based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl‐containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS‐sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys‐based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
Optical coherence tomography for surgical margin evaluation of excised canine cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours
Authors: Cheng Edward , Jennings Ryan N. , Chen Carolyn L. , Biggo Morgan R. , Erickson Andrea K. , Dornbusch Josephine A. , Linn Sarah C. , Lapsley Janis , Alva Bianca M. , Lorbach Joshua N. , Premanandan Christopher , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrently, intraoperative tumour margin imaging is not routinely utilized in veterinary medicine. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for real‐time assessment of tissue morphology of 1–2 mm depth. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the histologic and OCT features of excised canine skin and subcutaneous specimens, and (2) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of OCT for surgical margin evaluation. The authors hypothesized that OCT imaging would correlate well with histopathology and that OCT would be sensitive for detection of incomplete margins. Eighty dogs were prospectively enrolled. Tumours were excised, and the surgical margins were imaged using a spectral domain OCT system. The tumour type and completeness of excision were determined by histopathology. Nine blinded observers received training in OCT image interpretation and were then given a set of OCT images and videos. The observers assigned each image/video a grade from 1 (no tumour) to 4 (tumour) and the results were compared to histopathology. The overall median sensitivity and specificity of OCT imaging for detection of incomplete margins were 86.7% and 84.6%, respectively. A potential limitation is that observers had varied experience with OCT image interpretation, ranging from no prior experience to participating in a previous OCT project. OCT is sensitive for detection of incomplete margins and could be a promising real‐time surgical margin imaging modality. Further study is needed to evaluate intraoperative applications of OCT and its impact on tumour recurrence and long‐term outcome.
Migration, media, and the emergence of pidgin‐ and creole‐based informal epicentres
Authors: Mair Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper makes a case for regarding Nigerian Pidgin (Naijá) and Jamaican Creole (Patois) as informal linguistic epicentres in the global English Language Complex. This requires a few modifications to current definitions of linguistic epicentres but leads to a sociolinguistically realistic and more comprehensive account of the profound influence that Jamaica and Nigeria have had on the development of Englishes in their regions and in the world at large. In the absence of large corpora, qualitative methods from linguistic ethnography and interactional sociolinguistics were used for the study of possible epicentral effects of Naijá and Patois. They allow access to speakers’ language attitudes and language ideologies, a shaping factor of epicentral influences that generally deserves more attention in future research.
HCN2 channel‐induced rescue of brain, eye, heart and gut teratogenesis caused by nicotine, ethanol and aberrant notch signalling
Authors: Pai Vaibhav P. , Levin Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganogenesis is a complex process that can be disrupted by embryonic exposure to teratogens or mutation‐induced alterations in signalling pathways, both of which result in organ mispatterning. Building on prior work in Xenopus laevis that showed that increased HCN2 ion channel activity rescues nicotine‐induced brain and eye morphogenesis, we demonstrate much broader HCN2‐based rescue of organ patterning defects. Induced HCN2 expression in both local or distant tissues can rescue CNS (brain and eye) as well as non‐CNS (heart and gut) organ defects induced by three different teratogenic conditions: nicotine exposure, ethanol exposure or aberrant Notch protein. Rescue can also be induced by small‐molecule HCN2 channel activators, even with delayed treatment initiation. Our results suggest that HCN2 (likely mediated by bioelectric signals) can be an effective regulator of organogenesis from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) and reveal non‐cell‐autonomous influences on organ formation that work at a considerable distance during embryonic development. These results suggest molecular bioelectric strategies for repair that could be explored in the future for regenerative medicine.
Open Gear Rolling Contact Fatigue Life Prediction by a Numerical Approach
Authors: Amuzuga Philippe , Depale Bruno 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to characterize the resistance to surface pitting of gears subjected to contact fatigue cycles, test campaigns have been carried out on toothed rings in through hardened wrought steel 42CrMo4, meshing a case-hardened 17CrNiMo6 pinion. It was observed that due to the operating conditions, low speed, and grease lubrication, significant strain hardening developed on the involute tooth flank surface and subsurface. This resulted in enhanced material properties against pitting and consequently much higher allowable stress levels than those given by the ISO 6336 series of standard. The 42CrMo4 load capacity was increased by 38% at surface pressure (+90% in torque) compared to the expected results from the ISO 6336. Similar tests carried out on a through hardened wrought steel 30CrNiMo8 gears lead to results of the same order of magnitude. The purpose of this study is to develop a chain of numerical models and methods fed by material tests, in order to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the load capacity of open gear pair with hybrid material (surface case-hardened pinion against through hardened wrought steel). This new approach shows, explains, and predicts the increase in the capacity to withstand surface pressure by comparing present results with rolling contact fatigue lifetimes obtained during tests on several open gears submitted to different mission profiles. This study made it possible to reproduce how and under what conditions the work hardening during running-in reaches required depth resulting in a beneficial effect on the resistance to pitting.
Ground Effect of a Two-Dimensional Flapping Wing Hovering in Inclined Stroke Plane
Authors: Zheng Yunlong , Qu Qiulin , Liu Peiqing , Hu Tianxiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ground effect aerodynamics and flow physics of a 2D dragonfly wing hovering (the Reynolds number is 157) in an inclined stroke plane are investigated via solving 2D unsteady incompressible laminar flow Navier–Stokes equations. An analysis road map is proposed to explain the influence of the ground on the flow field, pressure distribution on the wing surface, and the aerodynamic force. In the analysis road map, the flow relative to the wing surface induced by the wing motion and vortex is classified into vertical and parallel wing surface flows. The vertical flow impinges on the wing surface to form a positive pressure zone. In contrast, the parallel flow generates the boundary layer and further concentrated vortex and secondary vortex, which induce negative pressure on the wing surface. The ground impacts the flow relative to the wing in three ways: changing the trajectory of the shed vortex by the mirror effect, promoting the deformation and fusion of the vortices, and causing the cushion effect at extremely small ground clearance.
Youth researchers academy: a report on an innovative research training programme for young people in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tembo Mandikudza , Mackworth-Young Constance , Kranzer Katharina , Dziva-Chikwari Chido , Mavodza Constancia Vimbayi , Dauya Ethel , Makuni Mufaro , Chipare Dakarai , Munyavi-Dehwe Blessing , Raradza Daniel , Bernays Sarah , Chingono Rudo , Dzavakwa Nyasha , Nyamwanza Rudo , Francis Suzanna Carter , Simms Victoria , Ferrand Rashida 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionYouth engagement has the potential to enhance the design, implementation and relevance of research. Without strategies to capacitate young people with research skills, youth engagement in research is often tokenistic and ineffective. In this paper, we detail the implementation and evaluation of an innovative research training programme for youth (aged 18–24 years) in Zimbabwe called the Youth Researchers Academy (YRA).MethodsQuantitative programme data and qualitative interviews and focus group discussions assessed acceptability of the YRA, youth researcher and mentor experiences, and impact of the YRA over time.ResultsWe received 60 applications in 2019 and 89 applications in 2021. Ongoing feedback led to changes in the second programme (including longer training and certification). Youth researcher experiences included being motivated by learning new skills and valuing the relationship with mentors and peer networks. Many described long-term impact, including facilitation of higher education, setting up of new businesses through the stipends received, and, for some, opportunities to work in research.DiscussionOverall, the programme was acceptable, facilitated meaningful youth-led research and trained a cohort of empowered youth researchers. Young people were eager to learn and capable of both learning and implementing critical research skills in a professional working environment. Implementation challenges included limited freedom in the co-design of research projects and the additional burden of work for YRA mentors.ConclusionThe YRA provides a template for other academics to support similar training to facilitate capacity building and meaningful youth engagement for research with and for youth.
Is grip strength linked to body composition and cardiovascular risk markers in primary schoolchildren? Cross-sectional data from three African countries
Authors: Gerber Markus , Ayekoé Serge , Bonfoh Bassirou , Coulibaly Jean T , Daouda Dao , Gba Bomey Clément , Kouassi Benal , Traoré Sylvain G , du Randt Rosa , Nqweniso Siphesihle , Walter Cheryl , Finda Marceline F , Minja Elihaika G , Mollel Getrud J , Masanja Honorati , Okumu Fredros O , Beckmann Johanna , Gall Stefanie , Lang Christin , Z Long Kurt , Müller Ivan , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Pühse Uwe , Steinmann Peter , Utzinger Juerg 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesMuscular strength represents a specific component of health-related fitness. Hand grip strength (HGS) is used as an indicator for musculoskeletal fitness in children. HGS can also be used as a marker of cardiometabolic risk, but most available HGS data are derived from Western high-income countries. Therefore, this study examines whether HGS is associated with body composition and markers of cardiovascular risk in children from three sub-Saharan African countries.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPublic primary schools (grade 1–4) in Taabo (Côte d’Ivoire), Gqeberha (South Africa) and Ifakara (Tanzania).ParticipantsData from 467 children from Côte d’Ivoire (210 boys, 257 girls), 864 children from South Africa (429 boys, 435 girls) and 695 children from Tanzania (334 boys, 361 girls) were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBody composition (assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis) was the primary outcome. Cardiovascular risk markers were considered as secondary outcome. Blood pressure was measured with an oscillometric monitor, and blood markers (cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin) via Afinion point-of-care testing. HGS (independent variable) was assessed with a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Inferential statistics are based on mixed linear regressions and analyses of covariance.ResultsAcross all study sites, higher HGS was associated with lower body fat, higher muscle mass and higher fat-free mass (p<0.001, 3.9%–10.0% explained variance), both in boys and girls. No consistent association was found between HGS and cardiovascular risk markers.ConclusionsHGS assessment is popular due to its simplicity, feasibility, practical utility and high reliability of measurements. This is one of the first HGS studies with children from sub-Saharan Africa. There is a great need for further studies to examine whether our findings can be replicated, to develop reference values for African children, to establish links to other health outcomes, and to explore whether HGS is associated with later development of cardiovascular risk markers.Trial registration numberISRCTN29534081.
Evaluating novel approaches for estimating awake and sleep blood pressure: design of the Better BP Study – a randomised, crossover trial
Authors: Cepeda Maria , Hubbard Demetria , Oparil Suzanne , Schwartz Joseph E , Jaeger Byron C , Hardy Shakia T , Medina Julia , Chen Ligong , Muntner Paul , Shimbo Daichi 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionFor many people, blood pressure (BP) levels differ when measured in a medical office versus outside of the office setting. Out-of-office BP has a stronger association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events compared with BP measured in the office. Many BP guidelines recommend measuring BP outside of the office to confirm the levels obtained in the office. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) can assess out-of-office BP but is not available in many US practices and some individuals find it uncomfortable. The aims of the Better BP Study are to (1) test if unattended office BP is closer to awake BP on ABPM compared with attended office BP, (2) assess if sleep BP assessed by home BP monitoring (HBPM) agrees with sleep BP from a full night of ABPM and (3) compare the strengths of associations of unattended versus attended office BP, unattended office BP versus awake BP on ABPM and sleep BP on HBPM versus ABPM with markers of end-organ damage.Methods and analysisWe are recruiting 630 adults not taking antihypertensive medication in Birmingham, Alabama, and New York, New York. Participants are having their office BP measured with (attended) and without (unattended) a technician present, in random order, using an automated oscillometric office BP device during each of two visits within one week. Following these visits, participants complete 24 hours of ABPM and one night of HBPM, in random order. Psychosocial factors, anthropometrics, left ventricular mass index and albumin-to-creatinine ratio are also being assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Columbia University Medical Center Institutional Review Boards. The study results will be disseminated at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04307004.
Value-based healthcare in Latin America: a survey of 70 healthcare provider organisations from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Makdisse Marcia , Ramos Pedro , Malheiro Daniel , Katz Marcelo , Novoa Luisa , Cendoroglo Neto Miguel , Ferreira Jose Henrique Germann , Klajner Sidney 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesValue-based healthcare (VBHC) is a health system reform gradually being implemented in health systems worldwide. A previous national-level survey has shown that Latin American countries were in the early stages of alignment with VBHC. Data at the healthcare provider organisations (HPOs) level are lacking. This study aim was to investigate how HPOs in five Latin American countries are implementing VBHC.DesignMixed-methods research was conducted using online questionnaire, semistructured interviews based on selected elements of the value agenda (from December 2018 to June 2020), analyses of aggregated data and documents. Qualitative analysis was performed using NVivo QSR International, 1.6.1 (4830). Quantitative analysis used Fisher’s exact test. Univariate analysis was used to compare organisations in relation to the implementation of VBHC initiatives. A p≤0.05 was considered significant.ParticipantsTop and middle-level executives from 70 HPOs from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico.ResultsThe definition of VBHC varied across participating organisations. Although the value equation had been cited by 24% of participants, its composition differed in most case from the original Equation. Most VBHC initiatives were related to care delivery organisation (56.9%) and outcomes measurement (22.4%) but in most cases, integrated practice unit features had not been fully developed and outcome data was not used to guide improvement. Information, stakeholders buy-in, compensation and fragmented care delivery were the most cited challenges to VBHC implementation. Fee-for-service predominated, although one-third of organisations were experimenting with alternative payment models.ConclusionsA wide variation in the definition and level of VBHC implementation existed across organisations. Our finding suggests investments in information systems and on education of key stakeholders will be key to foster VBHC implementation in the region. Further research is needed to identify successful implementation cases that may serve as regional benchmark for other Latin American organisations advancing with VBHC.