bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of Boiled, but Not Grilled, Roasted, or Barbecued Beef Modifies the Urinary Metabolite Profiles in Rats
Authors: Khodorova Nadezda V. , Jouan‐Rimbaud Bouveresse Delphine , Pilard Serge , Cordella Christophe , Locquet Nathalie , Oberli Marion , Gaudichon Claire 
Published: April 2022

ScopeThe consumption of processed meat is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, but determining how the exposure to specific cooking processes alters the metabolome is an analytical challenge. This study aims to evaluate the impact of four typical cooking methods for beef (boiling, barbecuing, grilling, and roasting) on the urinary metabolite profiles in rats, using a non‐targeted approach.Methods and resultsMale Wistar rats (n = 48) are fed for 3 weeks with experimental diets containing either raw or cooked (boiled, barbecued, grilled, and roasted) beef. A control group is fed with milk proteins. The 24 h‐urines are analyzed using LC‐MS. The consumption of boiled meat leads to the specific excretion of di‐ and tri‐peptides (aspartyl‐leucine, glycyl‐aspartate, and aspartyl‐prolyl‐threonine) and a cyclo‐prolyl‐proline (p < 0.001). No singular metabolite specifically associated with the groups “grilled,” “roasted,” and “barbecued” meat is observed.ConclusionUrinary metabolite profiles of rats fed boiled beef are clearly distinct from those of rats fed with raw, grilled, roasted, or barbecued beef. The specific metabolites include the products of non‐digested proteins and may be useful as potential intake biomarkers of this meat cooking method.
Patient‐specific radiation risk‐based tube current modulation for diagnostic CT
Authors: Klein Laura , Liu Chang , Steidel Jörg , Enzmann Lucia , Knaup Michael , Sawall Stefan , Maier Andreas , Lell Michael , Maier Joscha , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeModern CT scanners use automatic exposure control (AEC) techniques, such as tube current modulation (TCM), to reduce dose delivered to patients while maintaining image quality. In contrast to conventional approaches that minimize the tube current time product of the CT scan, referred to as mAsTCM in the following, we herein propose a new method referred to as riskTCM, which aims at reducing the radiation risk to the patient by taking into account the specific radiation risk of every dose‐sensitive organ.MethodsFor current mAsTCM implementations, the mAs product is used as a surrogate for the patient dose. Thus, they do not take into account the varying dose sensitivity of different organs. Our riskTCM framework assumes that a coarse CT reconstruction, an organ segmentation, and an estimation of the dose distribution can be provided in real time, for example, by applying machine learning techniques. Using this information, riskTCM determines a tube current curve that minimizes a patient risk measure, for example, the effective dose, while keeping the image quality constant. We retrospectively applied riskTCM to 20 patients covering all relevant anatomical regions and tube voltages from 70 to 150 kV. The potential reduction of effective dose at same image noise is evaluated as a figure of merit and compared to mAsTCM and to a situation with a constant tube current referred to as noTCM.ResultsAnatomical regions like the neck, thorax, abdomen, and the pelvis benefit from the proposed riskTCM. On average, a reduction of effective dose of about 23% for the thorax, 31% for the abdomen, 24% for the pelvis, and 27% for the neck has been evaluated compared to today's state‐of‐the‐art mAsTCM. For the head, the resulting reduction of effective dose is lower, about 13% on average compared to mAsTCM.ConclusionsWith a risk‐minimizing TCM, significant higher reduction of effective dose compared to mAs‐minimizing TCM is possible.
Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction at 3D transperineal ultrasound in maternal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study during pregnancy
Authors: Pinheiro Fabiane A. , Sartorão Filho Carlos I. , Prudencio Caroline B. , Nunes Sthefanie K. , Pascon Tawana , Hallur Ragavendra L. S. , Takano Luis , Enriquez Eusébio M. A. , Catinelli Bruna B. , Carr Aline M. , Junginger Baerbel , Rudge Marilza V. C. , Barbosa Angélica M. P. ,   The Diamater Study Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess, for the first time, the dynamic morphometry of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) using three‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound (3D‐TPUS) and its progression at two‐time points of gestation between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and whether the PFM dysfunction is connected to GDM.MethodsThe study comprised 83 consecutive pregnant women with (n = 38) and without (n = 45) GDM screened at 24–30 and 38–40 weeks of gestation. 3D‐TPUS and a mobility test were used to quantify PFM dynamic morphometry during maximum contraction and the Valsalva maneuver.ResultsWhen compared to the control group, GDM women had no significant variations in all levator hiatal dimensions at 24–30 weeks of gestation. Meanwhile, women with GDM experienced an increase in levator hiatal area (LHa) (p < 0.000) during PFM contraction and enlargement in LHa (p < 0.001) during Valsalva maneuver (p = 0.010) at 38–40 weeks of gestation. As a result, the mobility index among GDM women had a lower value (p = 0.000). The dynamic morphometry development of PFM in GDM women at two stages during pregnancy revealed a substantial decrease (p = 0.000) in all LHa dimensions of contraction, distension, and mobility.ConclusionsUsing 3D‐TPUS, we found that GDM women had a specific pattern of PFM functional changes in the third trimester of pregnancy. These initial findings revealed alterations in PFM functionality, such as decreased contractility, distensibility, or mobility. This dysfunctional PFM could contribute to the long‐term development of pelvic floor dysfunction years after a GDM pregnancy.
An overview of mutational and copy number signatures in human cancer
Authors: Steele Christopher D , Pillay Nischalan , Alexandrov Ludmil B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe genome of each cell in the human body is constantly under assault from a plethora of exogenous and endogenous processes that can damage DNA. If not successfully repaired, DNA damage generally becomes permanently imprinted in cells, and all their progenies, as somatic mutations. In most cases, the patterns of these somatic mutations contain the tell‐tale signs of the mutagenic processes that have imprinted and are termed mutational signatures. Recent pan‐cancer genomic analyses have elucidated the compendium of mutational signatures for all types of small mutational events, including (1) single base substitutions, (2) doublet base substitutions, and (3) small insertions/deletions. In contrast to small mutational events, where, in most cases, DNA damage is a prerequisite, aneuploidy, which refers to the abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, usually develops from mistakes during DNA replication. Such mistakes include DNA replication stress, mitotic errors caused by faulty microtubule dynamics, or cohesion defects that contribute to chromosomal breakage and can lead to copy number (CN) alterations (CNAs) or even to structural rearrangements. These aberrations also leave behind genomic scars which can be inferred from sequencing as CN signatures and rearrangement signatures. The analyses of mutational signatures of small mutational events have been extensively reviewed, so we will not comprehensively re‐examine them here. Rather, our focus will be on summarising the existing knowledge for mutational signatures of CNAs. As studying CN signatures is an emerging field, we briefly summarise the utility that mutational signatures of small mutational events have provided in basic science, cancer treatment, and cancer prevention, and we emphasise the future role that CN signatures may play in each of these fields. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Surface modification of h‐BN and preparation of h‐BN/PEI thermally conductive flexible films
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Zeng Jinling , Chen Yanrong , Dai Wenbin , Yao Yingbang , Luo Bing , Zhang Fuzeng , Wang Tingting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) micro‐platelets were surface‐functionalized by sulfuric acid (SA). Such modified h‐BN powders were mixed with thermoplastic polyether imide (PEI) to prepare flexible composite films using a solution casting method. After surface modification, the h‐BN powders were uniformly dispersed in the PEI matrix. The thermal conductivity of the flexible composite materials was significantly improved, with a 60% increase over that of pure PEI. The mechanical properties of the composites were also measured and discussed. The Young's modulus of the h‐BN/PEI composites was increased from 1.15 GPa for pure PEI to 1.62 GPa for the h‐BN/PEI composite with a filling ratio 10 vol%. As compared to pure PEI film, the electrical breakdown strength of the composites with 5 vol% h‐BN increased from 45.3 to 55.3 kV/mm. Our results show that the surface‐modified h‐BN filler is effective in improving the thermal conductivity and insulation performance of PEI‐based composites.
Impairment of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli in individuals with subclinical depression
Authors: Liang Jian‐ning , Hu Wen‐ting , Gu Yu‐ting , Cheng Tian‐hua , Geng Jia‐sen , Wang Kui‐lai , Wang Li‐jun , Yao Xin‐ran , Shen Jian‐fei , Wang Yan‐yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResponse inhibition, a crucial component of executive function, is closely related to personal impulse control, social adaption, and mental health. Previous studies have found response inhibition deficit in patients with major depressive disorder, but whether it also exists in individuals with subclinical depression (SD) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the ability of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli both under explicit and implicit conditions in individuals with SD. Thirty‐six subclinical depressed college students and 39 healthy individuals were recruited and administered the non‐emotional, explicit, and implicit emotional stop‐signal tasks (SSTs). Mixed‐model analyses of variance were used to analyze the differences between and within groups. In implicit emotional SST, the results showed a significant longer stop‐signal response time, a shorter stop‐signal delay time, a shorter go reaction time, and a similar proportion of stop success in the SD group compared to healthy controls. However, the above indices showed no significant difference between the two groups in the non‐emotional SST and explicit emotional SST. These findings suggest a possible defect of response inhibition in implicit emotional processing in individuals with SD, which may potentially serve as a marker of susceptibility to depression and thus be applied to early screening and intervention for major depressive disorder.
Repeatability of lung clearance index in infants with cystic fibrosis and recurrent wheeze
Authors: Koucký Václav , Komárek Arnošt , Pohunek Petr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the short‐ and medium‐term repeatability of lung clearance index at 2.5% (LCI2.5) in infants and calculate the number of patients needed to enroll in a study (N) using LCI2.5 as a primary outcome.MethodsAn 8‐month follow‐up observational study was employed for assessing short‐term [coefficient of repeatability (CR) and intraclass correlation (ICC)] and medium‐term repeatability (Bland–Altman method) of LCI2.5 in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) or recurrent wheeze (RW) measured by the nitrogen multiple‐breath washout test (N2‐MBW). Using these variability data, the N to reach 90% test power at the level of statistical significance (0.05) was calculated.ResultsForty infants with CF and 21 with RW were enrolled. Initial N2‐MBW testing was successful in 33 and 17 patients, respectively. Follow‐up data were available for 23 and 11 infants, respectively. Short‐term repeatability of LCI2.5 was high (CR = 1.10 and 1.04 in CF and RW patients, respectively; ICC = 0.88 and 0.83 in CF and RW patients, respectively). The between‐subject standard deviation was <13% of the actual LCI2.5 value. In clinically stable patients, LCI2.5 did not significantly change during the 8‐month follow‐up. Mean LCI2.5 change was −0.08 (1% of baseline) in CF and −0.05 (0.6%) in RW, with 95% limits of agreement being (−1.70; 1.53) in CF and (−1.51; 1.40) in RW patients. N = 23 infants if both intragroup differences of LCI2.5 and minimal difference to be detected would be 2.0.ConclusionN2‐MBW may be a reproducible tool with reasonable test power to detect differences in infant studies.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the systemic immune‐inflammation index in differentiating parapneumonic effusion from empyema
Authors: Güneylioğlu Muhammed M. , Güngör Ali , Göktuğ Aytaç , Üner Çiğdem , Bodur İlknur , Yaradılmış Raziye M. , Öztürk Betül , Şen Zeynep S. , Tuygun Nilden 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and other biomarkers in distinguishing parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and empyema.MethodsPatients who were thought to have pleural effusion secondary to pneumonia in the pediatric emergency department (PED) between 2004 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups as empyema and PPE. The efficacy of infection markers in predicting empyema was compared.ResultsFifty‐nine patients (59.3% male) were included in the study. Forty‐three (72.9%) patients were in the PPE and 16 (27.1%) were in the empyema group. Length of hospital stay and pleural fluid thickness measured with thoracic ultrasonography were significantly higher in the empyema group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.002, respectively). The mean SII was 1902.73 ± 1588.87 in PPE patients, while it was 6899.98 ± 6678 in empyema patients (p = 0.009). C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ​​were significantly higher in the empyema group; absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and lymphocyte‐monocytes ratio (LMR) were significantly lower than the PPE group. When the best cut‐off values of inflammation markers are determined according to the area under the curve, the highest odds ratios suggesting empyema were found in SII, LMR, CRP, and ANC, respectively.ConclusionInflammation markers can be useful in predicting empyema. The best markers were found to be SII, LMR, CRP, and ANC. High SII is one of the practical diagnostic markers that can be used differentiate empyema from PPE in PED.
A novel bee‐friendly peptidomimetic insecticide: Synthesis, aphicidal activity and 3D‐QSAR study of insect kinin analogs at Phe2 modification
Authors: Zhou Yuan‐lin , Li Xin‐lu , Zhang Yi‐meng , Shi Yan , Li Hong‐hong , Zhang Zhe , Iqbal Chandni , Ye De‐xing , Li Xue‐sheng , Zhao Ying‐ru , Xu Wei‐long , Smagghe Guy , Yang Xin‐ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs one of the most abundant and destructive pests in agriculture, aphids cause significant damage to crops due to their sap‐taking and as virus vectors. Chemical insecticides are the most effective method to control aphids, but they bring insecticide resistance problems and harm nontarget organisms, especially bees, therefore the search for novel eco‐friendly aphid control agents with low bee toxicity is urgent. Insect kinins are a class of small neuropeptides that control important functions in insects. In our previous study, we found insect kinin analog IV‐3 has good aphicidal activity and the location of the aromatic ring on the side chain of Phe2 is the key to the formation of the β‐turn resulting in the biological activity of insect kinin analogs. However, there are few studies on insect kinin Phe2 substitution and modification, and its structure–activity relationship is still unclear.RESULTSIn this project, 44 insect kinin analogs with the Phe2 modification, replacing it with different natural or unnatural amino acids, were designed and synthesized based on the lead IV‐3 to explore the role of the Phe2 residues. Bioassays with soybean aphids of Aphis glycines indicated that nine analogs have better aphicidal activity than the lead IV‐3. In particular, compound L25 exhibits excellent aphicidal activity (LC50 = 0.0047 mmol L−1) and has low toxicity to bees. Furthermore, a reliable three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) was established to produce a helpful clue that introducing hydrophobic groups away from the backbone chain is beneficial to improve aphicidal activity.CONCLUSIONThe residue Phe2 of insect kinin analogs is the key position and has a significant impact on the activity. L25 has a high toxicity for aphids, while a low toxicity to bees, and therefore can be considered as a lead compound to develop new biosafe aphid control agents. Finally, we provide a useful 3D‐QSAR model as theoretical guidance for further structural optimization. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Role of the foraging gene in worker behavioral transition in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Yangyang , Lei Yanyuan , Shi Qingxing , Qi Guojun , He Yurong , Lyu Lihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWorker division of labor is predominant in social insects. The foraging (for) gene, which encodes cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG), has been implicated in the regulation of behavioral transitions in honeybees, but information regarding its function in other social insects is scarce.RESULTSWe investigated the role of the for (Sifor) gene in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and found that Sifor and PKG exhibited different expression patterns in different castes, body sizes, ages and tissues of fire ants, especially in foragers and nurses. Foragers displayed greater locomotor activity but showed no preference for larval or adult odors, whereas nurses showed lesser locomotor activity but had a strong preference for larval odors. We found that the expression of Sifor was significantly higher in the heads of foragers (compared to nurses). RNA interference‐mediated Sifor knockdown in foraging workers induced behavioral transition of foragers toward the nurse phenotype characterized by reduced locomotor activity and a stronger preference for larval odors. By contrast, treating nurses with 8‐Br‐cGMP, an activator of PKG, resulted in behavioral transition toward the forager phenotype characterized by higher locomotor activity but reduced preference for larval odors.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that Sifor plays a critical role in the behavioral transition between foragers and nurses of workers, which may be a promising target for RNAi‐based management of worker caste organization in S. invicta. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combined pentalogy of Cantrell with ectrodactyly and surgical implant‐free repair of a sternal cleft and supraumbilical hernia in an adult cat
Authors: Kokkinos Panagiotis , Pratschke Kathryn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 20‐month‐old, British shorthair cat was presented for treatment of a ventral thoracic wall defect. Physical examination showed cleft sternum with supraumbilical body wall defect, an immediately palpable heart under the skin between the cleft halves and a unilateral forelimb ectrodactyly. Survey radiographs and sonographic examination revealed ectopia cordis associated with the sternal cleft, a supraumbilical abdominal hernia, ventral diaphragmatic defect and cardiac abnormalities. Radiography of the dysostotic limb confirmed ectrodactyly. Surgery involved reconstruction of the ventral body wall defects using a transversus abdominis muscle flap supported by an omental flap. Clinical, imaging and intraoperative findings supported the diagnosis of complete pentalogy of Cantrell. The cat recovered from surgery uneventfully and periodic follow‐ups to 17 months after surgery confirmed a good outcome.
Open F-branes
Authors: Hatsuda Machiko , Siegel Warren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We include in F-theory, through open Type I F-theory branes (F-branes), string theories with N = 1 supersymmetry, both Type I and heterotic. Type I branes are distinguished from Type II by worldvolume parity projection. The same open Type I branes describe both open Type I superstrings and closed heterotic upon different sectionings from F-branes to worldsheets, while closed Type I superstrings arise from closed Type I branes. (Type II superstrings come from closed Type II branes, as described previously.)F-theory manifests the exceptional-group U-duality symmetry, with all massless bosonic fields in a single gauge coset. This coset branches to the usual bosonic supergravity fields upon sectioning. We examine in detail the simple case of D = 3 F-theory: parity projection reduces the Type II coset SL(5)/SO(3,2) to the Type I coset SO(3,3)/SO(2,1)2 = SL(4)/SO(2,2).
Top-pair production at the LHC with MINNLOPS
Authors: Mazzitelli Javier , Monni Pier Francesco , Nason Paolo , Re Emanuele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider the production of a pair of heavy quarks and illustrate the derivation of the MiNNLOPS method to match next-to-next-to-leading order calculations with parton showers (NNLO+PS) for this class of processes. As a first application, we construct an event generator for the fully differential simulation of hadronic top-quark pair production at NNLO+PS and discuss all details of its implementation in a parton shower Monte Carlo framework. We present new phenomenological results for the Large Hadron Collider obtained by including the tree-level decays of the top quarks, while accounting for spin-correlation effects. A comprehensive comparison to LHC measurements shows an excellent description of experimental data across multiple hadronic and leptonic particle-level observables. The computer code is available for download within the Powheg-Box.
Lightweight design of variable-angle filament-wound cylinders combining Kriging-based metamodels with particle swarm optimization
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Almeida José Humberto S. , Ashok Aravind , Wang Zhonglai , Castro Saullo G. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariable-angle filament-wound (VAFW) cylinders are herein optimized for minimum mass under manufacturing constraints, and for various design loads. A design parameterization based on a second-order polynomial variation of the tow winding angle along the axial direction of the cylinders is utilized to explore the nonlinear steering-thickness dependency in VAFW structures, whereby the thickness becomes a function of the filament steering angle. Particle swarm optimization coupled with three Kriging-based metamodels is used to find the optimum designs. A single-curvature Bogner–Fox–Schmit–Castro finite element is formulated to accurately and efficiently represent the variable stiffness properties of the shells, and verifications are performed using a general purpose plate element. Alongside the main optimization studies, a vast analysis of the design space is performed using the metamodels, showing a gap in the design space for the buckling strength that is confirmed by genetic algorithm optimizations. Extreme lightweight while buckling-resistant designs are reached, along with non-conventional optimum layouts thanks to the high degree of thickness build-up tailoring.