bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics Modeling for Conceptual Designs of Proposed Experiments in the Zero Energy Deuterium-2 Critical Facility for Testing Small Modular Reactor-Type Fuels
Authors: Watts D. G. , Adams F. P. , Masala E. , Blomeley L. , Bromley B. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To enable the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) in Canada, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) is interested in the applicability of zero energy deuterium-2 (ZED-2) experiments for validation of Monte Carlo reactor physics codes and models for SMR reactor fuels. This applicability is investigated here by considering potential ZED-2 experiments for testing fuel assemblies (FAs) for two different SMR technologies: the pressurized-water reactor (PWR), and the fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR). Each proposed set of mixed-lattice substitution experiments uses driver fuel channels containing CANDU flexible low enriched uranium/recovered uranium (CANFLEX-LEU/RU) fuel bundles. Simulation results indicate that a number of critical core configurations are possible, and should provide suitable reactor physics measurement data that can be used for physics design verification, and also for benchmarking and validation of computational reactor physics codes used in the design, operations, and safety analysis of SMRs based on PWR or FHR technologies.
Comparative Study on the Impact of endf/b-vii.1 Nuclear Library Uncertainty on the CERCER and CERMET Fueled Accelerator-Driven System Calculation Results Using Monte Carlo Method Codes
Authors: Vu Thanh Mai , Hartanto Donny 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new design of a small power accelerator-driven system (ADS) using inert matrix fuel—ceramic–ceramic matrix (CERCER) and ceramic-metallic matrix (CERMET) was proposed in our previous work for high transmutation rate, small reactivity loss due to burnup, and enhanced safety features. The fast neutron spectrum in the ADS showed a benefit for reducing minor actinides inventories in the fuel cycle. However, the reliability of the nuclear cross section data of evaluated libraries, especially at high energy, needs to be investigated and its impact on CERCER and CERMET fueled ADS calculation results needs to be assessed. In this study, the impact of endf/b-vii.1 nuclear library uncertainty on the CERCER and CERMET fueled ADS reactivity calculation are evaluated using the Monte Carlo method (scale6.2 and whisper-1.1). The sensitivity coefficients and uncertainty obtained by the two codes show a good agreement. The results reveal the uncertainty of the endf/b-vii.1 nuclear data caused significant uncertainty in the reactivity calculations (about 1000 pcm) and it is particularly higher in the CERMET fueled core due to a harder neutron spectrum. The paper identifies the major contributes—isotopes and related cross sections—to the core reactivity uncertainty by suggesting the enhancement of these nuclear data.
Finite Element Analysis and Bench Testing of Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder
Authors: Li Yiming , Song Chengli , Sun Kun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder is strongly linked to complications following transcatheter closure of the VSD. Methods: A mechanical model of the VSD occluder was constructed by theoretical modeling of the braiding structure. The mechanical properties of the VSD occluders with different braiding angles (30 deg, 45 deg, 60 deg), materials (nitinol (NiTi), polydioxanone (PDO)), and waist-heights (3 mm, 4 mm) were studied by finite element analysis and validated by bench tests. Under 1 mm radial shrinkage, the bending angles at the waist of the 30 deg NiTi, 45 deg NiTi, 60 deg NiTi and 45 deg PDO occluders were 112 deg, 121 deg, 155 deg and 155 deg, respectively. The maximum principal strains at the waist were 16.62%, 8.19%, 1.20%, and 0.66%, respectively. With 0.5 rad axial bending, the maximum radial deformations at the waist were 1.73, 1.44, 0.41 and 1.68 mm, respectively. When the occluders were implanted into VSD with the mean thickness of 3.5 mm, considerable stress developed at the hole's margin and the contact area. The area with the 3 mm occluder was much bigger than that with the 4 mm occluder. Conclusions: the 60 deg NiTi occluder showed better ability to fit the deformation of the defect than the other NiTi occluders, and the 45 deg PDO occluder performed better under compression conditions but poorly under bending conditions than the 45 deg NiTi occluder. The choice of the appropriate waist-height is beneficial to eliminate associative complication by reducing the contact stress.
“Food First but Not Always Food Only”: Recommendations for Using Dietary Supplements in Sport
Authors: Close Graeme L. , Kasper Andreas M. , Walsh Neil P. , Maughan Ronald J. 
Published: March 2022

The term “food first” has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition, although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration of the implications. We propose that food first should mean “where practically possible, nutrient provision should come from whole foods and drinks rather than from isolated food components or dietary supplements.” There are many reasons to commend a food first strategy, including the risk of supplement contamination resulting in anti-doping violations. However, a few supplements can enhance health and/or performance, and therefore a food only approach could be inappropriate. We propose six reasons why a food only approach may not always be optimal for athletes: (a) some nutrients are difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities in the diet, or may require excessive energy intake and/or consumption of other nutrients; (b) some nutrients are abundant only in foods athletes do not eat/like; (c) the nutrient content of some foods with established ergogenic benefits is highly variable; (d) concentrated doses of some nutrients are required to correct deficiencies and/or promote immune tolerance; (e) some foods may be difficult to consume immediately before, during or immediately after exercise; and (f) tested supplements could help where there are concerns about food hygiene or contamination. In these situations, it is acceptable for the athlete to consider sports supplements providing that a comprehensive risk minimization strategy is implemented. As a consequence, it is important to stress that the correct terminology should be “food first but not always food only.”
The Compositional Impacts of 2 Distinct 24-Hour Movement Behavior Change Patterns on Physical Fitness in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Hongjuan , Li Chao , Zhang Liu , Zhang Zhaohua 
Published: March 2022

Background: The study aimed to examine predicted differences of 2 different behavior change patterns on physical fitness (PF). Methods: Participants were 241 students (51% girls) aged 11–14 years from China. Light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) were objectively measured. Sleep was obtained by subtracting from awake time. According to Chinese National student PF standards, 5 components of PF, including body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, muscular explosive power and strength endurance, and flexibility, were assessed. The effects of different time reallocations between 24-hour movement behaviors on PF were estimated based on adjusted compositional multiple linear regression models with isometric log ratios. Results: Compared with MVPA substituting for the remaining behaviors, MVPA replacing SB or light physical activity produced more favorable changes on the comprehensive PF score, cardiorespiratory fitness, explosive power, and speed. MVPA replacing 30 minutes of SB was associated with favorable changes in PF (+1.9 [0.53, 3.18] points), 50-m run (−0.17 [−0.31, −0.04] s), long-distance running (−5.54 s [for girls]/7.25 s [for boys]), and long jump (+0.05 [0.01, 0.09] m). When sleep replaced SB, PF improved. Conclusions: MVPA substituting SB or light physical activity is a strategy with a greater improvement in PF.
Brain Activity During Experimental Knee Pain and Its Relationship With Kinesiophobia in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: A Preliminary Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation
Authors: Barber Foss Kim D. , Slutsky-Ganesh Alexis B. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Grooms Dustin R. , Simon Janet E. , Schneider Daniel K. , Jayanthi Neeru , Lamplot Joseph D. , Hill Destin , Pombo Mathew , Wong Philip , Reiter David A. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: March 2022

Context: The etiology of patellofemoral pain has remained elusive, potentially due to an incomplete understanding of how pain, motor control, and kinesiophobia disrupt central nervous system functioning. Objective: To directly evaluate brain activity during experimental knee pain and its relationship to kinesiophobia in patients with patellofemoral pain. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Young females clinically diagnosed with patellofemoral pain (n = 14; 14.4 [3.3] y; body mass index = 22.4 [3.8]; height = 1.61 [0.1] m; body mass = 58.4 [12.7] kg). A modified Clarke test (experimental pain condition with noxious induction via patella pressure and quadriceps contraction) was administered to the nondominant knee (to minimize limb dominance confounds) of patients during brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. Patients also completed a quadriceps contraction without application of external pressure (control contraction). Kinesiophobia was measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. The fMRI analyses assessed brain activation during the modified Clarke test and control contraction and assessed relationships between task-induced brain activity and kinesiophobia. Standard processing for neuroimaging and appropriate cluster-wise statistical thresholds to determine significance were applied to the fMRI data (z > 3.1, P < .05). Results: The fMRI revealed widespread neural activation in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and cerebellum during the modified Clarke test (all zs > 4.4, all Ps < .04), whereas neural activation was localized primarily to frontal and cerebellar regions during the control contraction test (all zs > 4.4, all Ps < .01). Greater kinesiophobia was positively associated with greater activity in the cerebello-frontal network for the modified Clarke test (all zs > 5.0, all Ps < .01), but no relationships between kinesiophobia and brain activity were observed for the control contraction test (all zs < 3.1, all Ps > .05). Conclusions: Our novel experimental knee pain condition was associated with alterations in central nociceptive processing. These findings may provide novel complementary pathways for targeted restoration of patient function.
Physical Literacy of Marginalized Middle School Adolescents in Kansas City Public Schools
Authors: Eighmy Katlyn E. , Lightner Joseph S. , Grimes Amanda R. , Miller Teesha 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Physical inactivity among adolescents in the United States continues to be a pervasive and growing problem, especially among low income and adolescents of color. Physical literacy is important for adolescents to engage in physical activity. However, few studies have assessed physical literacy among marginalized populations. The purpose of this study is to describe levels of physical literacy among marginalized adolescents in a Midwest City. Methods: Data were collected from 169 participants (85 adolescents and 84 parents). Adolescents included in the study were from 4 Kansas City (Missouri) public schools. Univariate statistics were calculated for 3 physical literacy domains (PLAYinventory, PLAYself, and PLAYparent). To assess for differences among groups, the authors conducted a single-factor analysis of variance (1-way analysis of variance). Results: The sample (N = 169) was primarily Hispanic (48.2% adolescents and 42.9% parents). Sedentary behaviors were self-reported as the highest overall activities adolescents participated in within the past 12 months. The mean physical literacy score for this sample was 71.9 among adolescent reported and 72.7 among parent reported. Analysis of variance of racial and ethnic groups for PLAYself and PLAYparent assessments showed no significant difference in values. Compared with other subscales of both the PLAYparent and PLAYself instrument, parents and adolescents showed a lack of confidence in adolescent’s ability to be active in the 4 environments (land, water, ice, and snow). Conclusion: Physical literacy is shown to be important in maintaining physical activity throughout life; given this, it is important to understand how to increase confidence of seasonal specific skills in marginalized adolescents.
Development of a Probe System for Measuring the Plasma Parameters and the High-Energy Part of the Electron-Energy Distribution Function
Authors: Saifutdinov A. I. , Sysoev S. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract—
A probe system has been developed on the basis of an external ADC/DAC module (ADC is the analog-to-digital converter and DAC is the digital-to-analog converter). Using this system, it is possible to determine all the main plasma parameters of continuous and pulsed gas discharges. A program for the Windows operating system has been developed in C++ to control the probe system. The probe system can be used for diagnostics of plasma devices and can be included in modern microplasma analyzers of gas mixtures.
Phase Relations in Spinel Lherzolite KLB-1 According to Results of Thermodynamic Modeling up to 30 GPa: Peculiarities of Mineral Assemblages and Geodynamic Effects
Authors: Perchuk A. L. , Serdyuk A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The composition of spinel lherzolite xenolith KLB-1 from the Kilbourne Hole volcanic crater, United States, which is close to the composition of the Earth’s primitive mantle, was used for thermodynamic modeling of phase relations in the Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system (NCFMAS) using the Perple_X software package in the temperature range of 900–2000 °C and pressures of 0.0001–30 GPa. The calculated phase diagram is in good agreement with published thermodynamic data on KLB-1 composition and reveals the peculiarities of mantle mineral assemblages at P–T parameters on which experimental data are insufficient or absent. The results showed that the mineral assemblage of garnet wehrlite (garnet + olivine + clinopyroxene), the least common type of mantle peridotite on the Earth’s surface, prevails in the upper mantle since the Archean. Mineral assemblage of garnet lherzolite (garnet + olivine + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene), which is a variety of mantle peridotites most widely found on the Earth’s surface, is formed in the lithospheric mantle because its temperatures are lower than those of the convecting mantle. Thermodynamic modeling reveals a ringwoodite-free field in the P–T diagram (located at the bottom of the mantle transition zone), which is crosscut by Archean adiabats and by the geotherms of Archean and the hottest Phanerozoic plumes. This area causes a change, from negative to positive, in the slope of the boundary between the lower mantle and the mantle transition zone. A positive slope of the boundary in the Archean should have stimulated the ascend of lower mantle plumes through the transition zone. Conversely, this boundary has a negative slope for most Phanerozoic plumes, rising from the lower mantle, and as a result, the plumes either slow down or stop.
Effectiveness of tax policy changes in Montenegro: smoking behaviour by socio-economic status
Authors: Cizmovic Mirjana , Mugosa Ana , Kovacevic Milica , Lakovic Tanja 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe main goal of this study was to examine the responsiveness of smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption to price and income changes by income groups and the effectiveness of tax policy changes to reduce cigarette consumption in Montenegro.Data and methodsA two-part model was applied to estimate smoking participation, smoking intensity price and income elasticity. The first part of the model applies logit regression, while the second uses Deaton’s model to improve the validity and objectivity of conditional (smoking intensity) elasticity results. A generalised linear model (GLM) was applied to verify robustness. The reason for this is that Deaton’s model is commonly used in the analysis of Household Budget Survey (HBS) data, especially when households do not report the market price. Moreover, using this model, it is possible to capture the shading of quality to price change. The analysis used HBS data (2006–2017).ResultsThe estimates indicate that tobacco pricing policies had a much higher impact on smoking prevalence in the low-income group (price elasticity of −0.595) relative to the high-income group (price elasticity of −0.344). The same conclusion could be drawn for the smoking intensity elasticity: the high-income group was the least affected by changes in price (price elasticity of −0.258). At the same time, the most affected was the low-income group, with price elasticity of −0.424. Poorer households spent a larger share of their budget on cigarettes. The simulation results confirm that increases in the specific excise taxes of 58.3% on tobacco would reduce total cigarette consumption by 11.25% while increasing the collection of government revenue by 8.07%.ConclusionSmoking prevalence and consumption are very responsive to price and income changes, with considerable differences in elasticities between income groups. The taxation policy has a positive impact on changing patterns of consumption and public revenues across each income group. Low-income and middle-income households would benefit the most, while on the other hand, the highest revenue collection was generated from the wealthiest group. Our results align with results obtained so far for other low-income and middle-income countries. This paper contributes to the analysis of the smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption responsiveness to price and income changes, which was conducted for the first time in Montenegro.
Surface influence on the stationary shear deformation of a magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Borin Dmitry , Spörl Eva Marita , Zubarev Andrey , Odenbach Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study experimentally examines the quasi-static shear deformation of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid structured in an external magnetic field. Experiments are carried out using a rheometer with a plate–plate configuration. The working surfaces of the measuring geometry are modified to demonstrate their influence on the response of the field-structured MR fluid. The simplest possible suspension of microparticles of carbonyl iron in mineral oil without using surfactants or any modifiers is used. The difference in results obtained for structured MR fluid with different concentrations of magnetic particles using different modifications of the surface is demonstrated. The results are intended to motivate more intensive research on the issue and further more in-depth theoretical analysis of static elastic properties of structured MR fluids. Certain related critical issues are briefly highlighted.
Changes of Entropy Index and Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in the Maintenance of Remifentanil Anesthesia and Their Predictive Value for Postoperative Hyperalgesia
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Ma Fang 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the changes of entropy index and cerebral oxygen metabolism in the maintenance of remifentanil anesthesia and the predictive value of postoperative hyperalgesia. Methods. A total of 266 patients undergoing general anesthesia in our hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were selected, and remifentanil was used to maintain anesthesia. The state entropy, reaction entropy, and cerebral oxygen metabolism indexes (cerebral oxygen uptake rate (CERO2), arterial-venous blood oxygen difference (Da-jvO2)) of patients before induction of anesthesia, 15 minutes during the operation, and at the end of the operation were compared. The influencing factors of postoperative hyperalgesia were analyzed. The logistic regression model of postoperative hyperalgesia was established, and the value of entropy index and cerebral oxygen metabolism in predicting postoperative hyperalgesia was evaluated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results. The state entropy, response entropy, and CERO2 at 30 min during the operation and at the end of the operation were lower than those before the induction of anesthesia, and Da-jvO2 was higher than that before the induction of anesthesia (

P
<
0.001

). At the end of the operation, the state entropy, reaction entropy, and CERO2 were higher than 30 minutes during the operation, and Da-jvO2 was lower than 30 minutes during the operation (

P
<
0.001

). The dosage of remifentanil, reaction entropy, and CERO2 at the end of the operation entered the logistic model. The AUC value of the reaction entropy and CERO2 combined to predict postoperative hyperalgesia at the end of the operation was 0.851 greater than the reaction entropy at the end of the operation (

χ

2

=
3.847

,

P
=
0.036

), CERO2 (

χ

2

=
2.589

,

P
=
0.010

) single index predictive value. Conclusion. The entropy index and cerebral oxygen metabolism in general anesthesia patients change with the progress and discontinuation of remifentanil maintenance anesthesia, and the combination of the two has a high predictive power in postoperative hyperalgesia risk assessment. When the

reaction

entropy
>
54.23

,

CER

O

2

>
34.14
%

, or the total dosage of

remifentanil
≥
30

μ
g
/
kg

at the end of the operation, we should be highly vigilant of the occurrence of postoperative hyperalgesia and postoperative analgesia management should be strengthened.
Analyzing the Treatment of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD with the Aid of Intelligent Diagnosis Method
Authors: Jiang Qina , Zhao Guangxiang , Song Shiyan , Chen Yujuan 
Published: March 2022

To observe the clinical efficacy of heat clearing phlegm mixture combined with vibration sputum excretion instrument in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstructing lung, 90 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD are selected and divided into three groups, namely, control group, traditional medicine group, and combined group: the control group (conventional western medicine treatment), traditional medicine group (heat clearing and phlegm mixture), and combined group (heat clearing and phlegm mixture + vibratory sputum excretion instrument) with 30 cases each. All the patients in the three groups were given conventional western medicine treatment. On this basis, the traditional medicine group was given the oral administration of the heat-clearing and phlegm-clearing mixture, and the combined group was given the oral administration of the heat-clearing and phlegm-clearing mixture and the vibratory sputum discharge apparatus. Machine learning is used to classify the patients into three groups based on the characteristics of their biomarkers, physical attributes, and medical history. The TCM syndrome score, blood gas analysis, lung function, and inflammatory indexes of the three groups were compared. TCM syndrome scores of the three groups were all lower than before; both the combined group and the TCM group were better than the control group (

P

< 0.05). Although the improvement degree of the combined group was better than that of the TCM group, the difference was not statistically significant (

P

> 0.05). TCM syndrome effect is seen to be 96.55% in the combined group, 89.29% in the TCM group, and 63.33% in the control group. Blood gas analysis is also performed; PO2 and PCO2 of the three groups were significantly improved after treatment. The combination group was superior to the traditional medicine group and the control group (

P

< 0.05), and the traditional medicine group was superior to the control group (

P

< 0.05). It is concluded that the combination of heat clearing phlegm mixture and vibration sputum excretion instrument can improve TCM syndrome score, CAT score, blood gas analysis, lung function, and inflammatory indicators in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstructing lung.