bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign Growth
Authors: Warr Peter , Suphannachart Waleerat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Between 1951 and 2017 Thailand’s real gross domestic product per person grew at an average annual rate of 4 per cent. In the process, the structure of the Thai economy changed radically. The output and employment shares of agriculture both contracted, matched by an expansion in the output share of manufacturing and the employment share of services. Structural change contributed to economic growth, as relatively unskilled people moved from low-productivity rural employment to more productive urban and peri-urban employment in industry and services. The social and economic flexibility to undergo this dramatic structural change clearly facilitated the massive reduction in extreme poverty that occurred simultaneously. Thailand’s long-running growth and structural change have strongly promoted inclusive growth, meaning growth that reduces poverty. The Thai data support the Kuznets hypothesis of an inverted-U-shaped medium-term relationship between economic inequality and levels of national income.
The Challenges of Structural Transformation, Inequality Dynamics, and Inclusive Growth in Bangladesh
Authors: Raihan Selim , Khan Sunera Saba 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Over the past four decades, Bangladesh’s economy has experienced major structural changes. Agriculture’s share of gross domestic product has decreased, while manufacturing and service sectors have grown in importance. These structural changes have been associated with systemic problems such as lack of diversification, poor working conditions, low competitiveness, and a high level of informality, which have hampered progress towards sustainable economic development. Though manufacturing is now the most important component of Bangladesh’s export composition, this is largely due to the rapid growth of the ready-made garments sector, while other sectors have performed poorly. The manufacturing sector must concentrate on extending and diversifying its base in order to become a long-term, inclusive driver of economic growth and job creation. This chapter examines the main policy-induced and systemic challenges to the Bangladesh economy’s structural transition, with the goal of reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive development.
Explaining Variation in Legitimation and Delegitimation Practices
Authors: Bäckstrand Karin , Söderbaum Fredrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains variation in discursive, behavioral, and institutional legitimation and delegitimation practices with reference to the nature of the policy field and transnational actor access. Theoretical expectations are probed through a comparison of two intergovernmental global governance institutions during a legitimacy crisis: one operating in the policy field of sustainable development (the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC), the other being a multipurpose regional organization (the African Union). The chapter finds that the institutionally complex nature of the policy field of climate change explains the rich diversity of discursive, institutional, and behavioral legitimation and delegitimation practices in the case of the UNFCCC. In contrast, despite operating in several policy fields, legitimation practices in the African Union are predominantly discursive in nature and dominated by state actors. The high degree of access and openness within the UNFCCC explains variation in (de)legitimation practices. Although the African Union seeks to portray itself as a people-oriented union, the involvement of transnational actors is undermined by a range of exclusionary measures, which explains the limited variation in legitimation and delegitimation in this case.
Audiences of (De)Legitimation in Global Governance
Authors: Bexell Magdalena , Ghassim Farsan , Verhaegen Soetkin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the composition of targeted and self-appointed audiences of legitimation and delegitimation related to global governance institutions (GGIs). The study of targeted audiences is important because it reveals whose legitimacy beliefs matter in the eyes of elites. At the same time, there are channels through which self-appointed audiences can make their voices heard, not least in influential social media. An elite survey shows that non-constituent audiences are more commonly targeted than constituent audiences. This is true across GGIs of different policy fields and geographical scope. Targeting the legitimacy beliefs of member state representatives or the general public does not seem to be a main priority for elites. It is much more common for elite respondents to target civil society organizations than to target citizens in member states. In contrast, across GGIs, citizens are more prominent among self-appointed audiences as compared to their relative importance as targeted audiences. Citizens are the dominant self-appointed audience group in legitimacy debates on all GGIs, particularly in legitimacy debates on economic/financial and peace/security-related GGIs and less in the case of sustainable development GGIs.
(De)Legitimation and the Composition of Audiences
Authors: Bexell Magdalena , Bäckstrand Karin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores how and why the composition of audiences of (de)legitimation varies across two key types of global governance institutions (GGIs), namely intergovernmental and nongovernmental institutions. It does so through a comparative study of the United Nations Framework Conventions for Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), holding the policy field of sustainable development constant. Theoretical expectations on variation across these two types of GGIs relate to institutional set-up, democratic normative structures, and politicization. Factors related to institutional set-up and governance mandates as expected contribute significantly to explaining the composition of audiences of both GGIs, albeit in different ways. Explanations related to global and domestic democratic normative structures have become more central over time for the composition of audiences of the UNFCCC compared to the FSC. Politicization stands out as an important factor for explaining the activation of self-appointed audiences in the case of the UNFCCC. Yet, politicization does not appear to be decisive for who was targeted by the UNFCCC. In comparison, politicization is an important explanation for who is targeted by the FSC, as manifested in its attempts at countering critique.
Introduction
Authors: Ross Kelly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe introduction argues that to understand the history of surveillance in the United States it is essential to study literature that positions policing and detection within the slave system. Taking up recent theories of genre that focus on identifying constellations of literary characteristics and examining the functions they fulfill for different historical periods, this book analyzes a multi-genre literature of antebellum surveillance. The narrative genres the book investigates share a thematic concern with the surveillance of racialized bodies and formal experimentation with “modes of detection” (ways of telling a story in which certain information is either rendered visible or kept hidden). The introduction also traces the history of racialized surveillance and sousveillance in the antebellum United States, charting the techniques and technologies employed by state-sanctioned agents such as slave patrollers or slave catchers, as well as non-state-sanctioned, often subversive, sousveillance practiced by enslaved men and women.
Fugitive Slave Narratives as a Literature of Sousveillance
Authors: Ross Kelly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 1820s and 1830s were a transformational period during which US abolition activists demanded immediate emancipation and developed national institutions. This chapter argues that the turn in the 1820s from religious to legalistic antislavery discourse prompted ex-slave narrators and their editors in the 1820s and 1830s to test out different ways to frame their narratives. Slave narratives from these decades increasingly detailed the mechanisms of surveillance within the slave system, as well as the varied and creative ways enslaved people resisted this pervasive surveillance. Narratives from these decades positioned the ex-slave narrator as a spy before the familiar “slave as eyewitness” trope became conventional. When we read slave narratives through this surveillant lens, we can perceive their emphasis on crime and punishment, evidence, and revelation of secrets: the same concerns that would become central to detective fiction a decade later.
Inconspicuous and Conspicuous Detection in Ball and Poe
Authors: Ross Kelly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoe’s detective fiction has typically been viewed through the Eurocentric lens of turn-of-the-twentieth-century genre conventions. This chapter argues that we should instead place these works within the history of US policing and surveillance, which developed to control African Americans. The chapter demonstrates how surveillance migrates from slave narratives to the emerging genre of detective fiction. Poe experiments with two different modes of detection: “conspicuous” and “inconspicuous.” Conspicuous detection deflects attention from systemic crimes by atomizing detection to focus on an individual mastermind’s nonreciprocal surveillance of an individual criminal. Inconspicuous detection, by contrast, rejects the panoptical model of surveillance and reveals the efficacy of covert, cooperative sousveillance to address systemic injustices such as slavery and colonialism. Ultimately, Poe’s engagement with the contest between surveillance and sousveillance led him to create the exemplary conspicuous detective: C. Auguste Dupin, a fantasy of nonreciprocal surveillance.
Medical Work
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of medical work through the lens of a case study of the history of the medical profession, focusing specifically on the labour of doctors. It begins with an analysis of the emergence of the medical profession and its differentiation from more traditional forms of healthcare. It goes on to explore the role of the Medical Registration Act in providing a basis for the professionalization of medicine, and the contribution which the founding of the NHS in 1946 made to this process. It shows the impact on medical work of the rise of human rights narratives, and how these narratives have been harnessed by neoliberal governments with a view to facilitating drives to depress costs. While it shows that the integration of medical labour within processes of capital accumulation has necessarily constrained the capacity for the former to respond to the problem of ill health, it suggests that recent changes in the legal framework governing the NHS, and the work of the medical profession, have exacerbated this problem. This is so, not least because it has exposed the medical profession to social and economic risks, doing so in a way that has the potential to undermine the autonomy that is integral to their work, and to fostering public trust.
Collective Motion in Active Materials: Model Experiments
Authors: Dauchot Olivier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present chapter is dedicated to the discussion of two experimental systems of polar and dry active materials, namely colloidal rollers and walking grains. When the interactions promote alignment of the velocities, a transition to collective motion is observed from an isotropic dilute fluid, where particles move in all directions, to a long range ordered phase, where particles move coherently in a given direction. Our main goal is to illustrate how model experiments combined with precise theoretical analysis contributed to setting the limit of validity of the canonical Vicsek model. A special effort was made to present the theoretical analysis in a pedagogical way. The chapter concludes with opening perspectives about the non trivial effect of the density, beyond the dilute limit.
Active Field Theories
Authors: Cates Michael E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
These notes give an introduction to statistical field theories of active matter. After showing an example of how such theories can be created bottom-up by explicit coarse graining of active particle models, the main approach taken here is top-down: minimal terms are added to well-studied stochastic field theories of passive systems that break time-reversibility and thereby cause nonzero steady-state entropy production. These theories are, so far, rather poorly understood compared to their passive counterparts.
Thomas Wyatt
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wyatt contributed to a growing fashion for Italianate culture in the court of Henry VIII by translating and imitating the vernacular poetry of Petrarch, primarily his sonnets. These English versions subtly transplant the highly inward lyricism of the Italian poems into an implied world more like that of a Renaissance court with its political tensions and seductive eroticism. Wyatt inflects his Petrarchan models with a new insistence on a fidelity and constancy to resist the pressures of that world, as well as a vindictive anger when such expectations are not met. In his greatest poem, “They flee from me,” the anger is muted enough to allow a uniquely sensuous, dreamlike memory of erotic pleasure and unanswered bafflement at its passing to have their full emotional range.
Philip Sidney
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gascoigne’s standing as England’s leading poet was growing at his death in 1577 and was sustained for a few years afterward, but was soon eclipsed by the talent and personal charisma of the young Philip Sidney. During the 1580s, attempts by two other poets to write a Petrarchan lyric sequence in English were published, to little effect; Sidney, working in aristocratic privacy, was during this time finishing his self-education as a poet and composing the language’s first proper sonnet sequence in the Petrarchan mode. Its technical virtuosity is matched with a strong narrative drive related to Sidney’s own well-attested connection to the recently married Penelope Devereux Rich, who becomes the “Stella” of Astrophil and Stella. The sequence of individual poems presents a carefully paced story of obsessive desire, first at an intimidated distance, then by degrees more open and sexually aggressive, leading to kissing, expressions of love on both sides, and eventually a direct attempt at seduction. The attempt has an explosive effect on the relationship, in the wake of which Astrophil is definitively banished from Stella’s presence and left expressing his still powerful desire in sonnets of now hopeless Petrarchan isolation.
Introduction
Authors: O'Malley Seamus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis introduction synthesizes theories and histories of populism which has varied both historically and politically, although populist rhetoric is consistent across cultures, eras, and the political spectrum. According to Ernesto Laclau, populism produces “The People” at historical moments where an existing political order fails to make citizens feel invested in it. The People are then positioned against the system and the perceived outsiders who have corrupted it. Representing The People is thus a nebulous task. This chapter traces fluctuations in the phrase “The People” across the Anglophone world, originating in English radical thought and most prominently embodied in the U.S. Constitution. This Enlightenment phase leads to romantic nationalist reconfigurations of it, privileging rootedness and a mythical timeless of The People. This usage of the phrase—common in its continental counterparts like le peuple or Das Volk—finds a receptive audience in fractious Ireland in the nineteenth century, more so than in British or American cultures.
The Populism of the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: O'Malley Seamus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces how The People of Ireland go from being the landed Anglo-Irish caste in the Patriot years of the 1780s to the poor Catholic cottagers of the mid-nineteenth century. The years of Grattan’s Parliament saw an Enlightenment definition of The People that stressed civic duties and land ownership as essential to participation in the res publica. The chapter traces how these criteria enter Ireland in arguments by Wolfe Tone, the Defenders, and Edmund Burke before examining how Daniel O’Connell expanded the definition of The People to include the majority of Catholics, transforming political discourse while paying tribute to the Protestant origins of The People. Though O’Connell was Ireland’s first “Man of the People,” he eschewed some of the antagonistic dynamics of populism, refusing to name any enemies of The People in hopes of reform. The chapter concludes with Young Ireland’s rejection of his methods and their attempts at creating The People, at least in the pages of their journals.
Yeats and The People against Populism
Authors: O'Malley Seamus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter follows the complex rhetorical gymnastics W.B. Yeats performed as he tried to balance a populist commitment to national revival with his attraction to the continental avant-garde. An early champion of those he thought of as The People, he argued throughout the 1890s that poets must return to the Irish-speaking cottagers of the West for cultural inspiration. While his enthusiasm for cultural nationalism wanes, a populist lens reveals Yeats’s unique positioning in his middle period: imbibing Nietzsche and Ibsen encourages a valorization of the avant-gardist against the masses, yet he stubbornly advances The People as a positive source in Irish culture. (Conversely, James Joyce, equally enthusiastic about Ibsen, proudly bears the mantle Enemy of the People, his hostility evident in his 1901 essay “Day of the Rabblement.”) Yeats’s middle period desires to be Enemy and Friend of The People simultaneously, and his essays and poetry isolate The People from populism, which he comes to see as a purely middle-class affair. The Playboy riots and Hugh Lane gallery controversy put further pressure on Yeats’s commitments to The People, and by 1913 Yeats comes to see them not as quaint cottagers but rather middle-class Catholics, and even newspaper magnate William Martin Murphy, whose spirit hovers over the poetry of this period, and who is “The People” in several poems. This chapter also explores Maud Gonne’s writings, which repeatedly stage the close relationship between herself and the audience that she always called “The People.”
Governing The People
Authors: O'Malley Seamus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter spans the Revolution to the declaration of a Republic. Both Free Staters and Republicans claimed to act on behalf of The People; both deeply distrusted those they thought of as The People. Republican contradictions find voice in Constance Markievicz, who simultaneously expressed the belief in the essential nature of the Irish nation while also advocating socialism. Éamon de Valera cannily deployed populist strategies to return to power, and this chapter explores how his newspaper The Irish Press produced a new version of The People. Ernie O’Malley advanced a radically different form of Republicanism in his memoir On Another Man’s Wound (1936), marking one of the boldest attempts to get close to The People. O’Malley signals that his aesthetic project—informed by similar revolutionary republican challenges met by Mexican muralists like José Clemente Orozco and Diego Rivera—might be doomed to failure, The People beyond empirical representation. Yet his aesthetic solutions are lasting and contribute a rich representation of The People. In popular discourse, however, populist vocabulary was wearing thin, especially the increasingly hackneyed phrase “the plain people of Ireland.” That such a phrase becomes the direct subject of two writers, Seán Ó’Faoláin and Myles na gCopaleen/Flann O’Brien, signals the weakening of populism’s effectiveness: phrases like “The People” lose their power when scrutinized. For na gCopaleen especially, the regular appearance of “The Plain People of Ireland” in his column Cruiskeen Lawn marks the end of populism’s reign in Ireland.
Fiscalization of the US Federal Government
Authors: Woźniakowski Tomasz P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The second chapter analyses the political and economic history of the pre-Constitution period and the arguments used during the ratification of the Constitution, where the fiscalization process was completed: the federal government was given an independent source of revenue in the form of a virtually unlimited power to tax. It shows that an internal threat was a major force leading to the Philadelphia Convention; the Framers drafted the Constitution which was later ratified by the states. The second part of this chapter unravels the main arguments that were used in favour of fiscalization. The original contribution to this chapter is the demonstration that a threat from the sovereign debt crisis during the post-war economic recession in the mid-1780s was the single-most important impetus for the clause conferring a federal power to tax in the Constitution of 1787. The social unrest in the form of the tax protests of 1786–87 constituted an internal threat for the new union. These tax protests could easily spill over to the other states and it was only because Shays, the leader of the most serious rebellion, was not ‘Cromwell or Caesar’, to use Hamilton’s comparison, that the rebellion was suppressed. This fear over protests united the elites from the states, who formed a coalition in favour of a strong federal government. The federal tax power was viewed as the most important means of preventing such crises from threatening the existence of the union in the future.
The Debate over the Fiscalization of the US Federal Government
Authors: Woźniakowski Tomasz P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The third chapter demonstrates how the process of fiscalization emerged in the USA, and that quasi-regulation was a dominant feature of its fiscal integration up to the moment when a threat changed the political dynamics and triggered a paradigm shift (i.e. a shift in the instrument of integration—from regulation to fiscalization) in the form of the federal power to tax. The Constitution was ratified in all thirteen states and this process was accompanied by vigorous debate, with a large number of pamphlets, letters etc., in addition to the debates during the ratification conventions. The aim of this section is to demonstrate the main arguments regarding the federal power to tax used by both Federalists and Anti-Federalists during the ratification process in 1787–88, with the exception of its positive consequences which were examined in Chapter 2. The empirical investigation confirmed the main hypothesis, that it was a perceived threat that led to the fiscalization of the federal government. In particular, the section on the negative consequences of the requisition system provided a number of arguments relating to a threat. For instance, it was argued that the system based on states’ contributions to the central budget would lead to the dissolution of the Union; that the states would constantly negotiate the level of their contribution; and that the coercion of the states to pay their fair share (in the case of non-compliance) might even lead to civil war. Although the threat factor was not limited to this group of arguments.