bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of left angular gyrus in the representation of linguistic composition relations
Authors: Zhang Wenjia , Xiang Ming , Wang Suiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLanguage comprehension is compositional: individual words are combined structurally to form larger meaning representations. The neural basis for compositionality is at the center of a growing body of recent research. Previous work has largely used univariate analysis to investigate the question, a technique that could potentially lead to the loss of fined‐grained information due to the procedure of averaging over neural responses. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, the present study examined different types of composition relations in Chinese phrases, using a 1‐back composition relation probe (CRP) task and a 1‐back word probe (WP) task. We first analyzed the data using the multivariate representation similarity analysis, which better captures the fine‐grained representational differences in the stimuli. The results showed that the left angular gyrus (AG) represents different types of composition relations in the CRP task, but no brain areas were identified in the WP task. We also conducted a traditional univariate analysis and found greater activations in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in the CRP task relative to the WP task. We discuss the methodological and theoretical implications of our findings in the context of the larger language neural network identified in previous studies. Our findings highlight the role of left AG in representing and distinguishing fine‐grained linguistic composition relations.
Counterflow HE analysis of Cu and SiO2 nanofluids in the developing flow region
Authors: Sesha Talpa Sai P. H. V. , Chaitanya Lahari M. L. R. , Sharma K. V. , Narayanaswamy K. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree concentrations of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 vol.% Copper/25 nm and silica/22 nm nanofluids are prepared in a base liquid glycerol–water mixture of 30:70 ratio by volume (GW70). The thermophysical properties of Cu and SiO2 nanofluids are determined with a TPS500S hot disc thermal analyzer and Brookfield viscometer in the temperature range of 20–80°C. The maximum enhancement in Cu and SiO2 nanofluid viscosity (63.4%, 35.7%), thermal conductivity (100.4%, 71.3%), and density (7.5%, 1.5%) while specific heat (7.8%, 2.3%) determined for 1.0% concentration at 80°C compared to base liquid GW70. Heat transfer experiments are conducted in a short‐length double pipe heat exchanger. The flow rates resulted in the lamifnar entry length region. A maximum enhancement in the overall heat transfer coefficient (HTC; 25.0%, 19.7%) and convective HTC (46.2%, 34.8%), respectively for Cu and SiO2 nanofluids is estimated at 1.0% concentration compared to base liquid at a bulk temperature of 35°C.
Optical genome mapping reveals additional prognostic information compared to conventional cytogenetics in AML/MDS patients
Authors: Gerding Wanda M. , Tembrink Marco , Nilius‐Eliliwi Verena , Mika Thomas , Dimopoulos Fotios , Ladigan‐Badura Swetlana , Eckhardt Matthias , Pohl Michael , Wünnenberg Max , Farshi Pakhshan , Reimer Peter , Schroers Roland , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Vangala Deepak B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCytogenetic diagnostics play a crucial role in risk stratification and classification of myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), thus influencing treatment decisions. Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel whole genome method for the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities. Our study assessed the applicability and practicality of OGM as diagnostic tool in AML and MDS patients. In total, 27 patients with AML or MDS underwent routine diagnostics including classical karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or real‐time PCR analysis wherever indicated as well as OGM following a recently established workflow. Methods were compared regarding concordance and content of information. In 93%, OGM was concordant to classical karyotyping and a total of 61 additional variants in a predefined myeloid gene‐set could be detected. In 67% of samples the karyotype could be redefined by OGM. OGM offers a whole genome approach to cytogenetic diagnostics in AML and MDS with a high concordance to classical cytogenetics. The method has the potential to enter routine diagnostics as a gold standard for cytogenetic diagnostics widely superseding FISH. Furthermore, OGM can serve as a tool to identify genetic regions of interest and future research regarding tumor biology.
Superimposed versus de novo pre‐eclampsia: Is there a difference?
Authors: Boneh Hilly R. , Pariente Gali , Baumfeld Yael , Yohay David , Rotem Reut , Weintraub Adi Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether pre‐eclampsia is a single clinical entity or whether de novo pre‐eclampsia and superimposed pre‐eclampsia are distinct entities, with respect to baseline maternal characteristics, obstetrical complications, and perinatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study comparing singleton pregnancies complicated with de novo pre‐eclampsia (n = 10 979, 93%) and superimposed pre‐eclampsia (n = 804, 7%). Maternal baseline characteristics, pregnancy and labor complications, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated in the univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed for the prediction of different pregnancy outcomes while controlling for confounders.ResultsIn the multivariate regression models controlling for confounders, superimposed pre‐eclampsia was found to be a significant risk factor for placental dysfunction, a composite outcome composed of severe pre‐eclampsia (rather than mild), placental abruption, oligohydramnios, and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90–2.62, P < 0.001), preterm delivery (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.39–3.26, P < 0.001), and perinatal mortality (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.11–2.88, P = 0.02).ConclusionDe novo and superimposed pre‐eclampsia demonstrated significant differences in most studied variables, suggesting that these may be two distinct clinical syndromes. In our population, superimposed pre‐eclampsia was found to be significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as placental dysfunction, preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality compared with de novo pre‐eclampsia.
Nephron mass determines the excretion rate of urinary extracellular vesicles
Authors: Blijdorp Charles J. , Hartjes Thomas A. , Wei Kuang‐Yu , van Heugten Martijn H. , Bovée Dominique M. , Budde Ricardo P.J. , van de Wetering Jacqueline , Hoenderop Joost G.J. , van Royen Martin E. , Zietse Robert , Severs David , Hoorn Ewout J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are emerging as non‐invasive biomarkers for various kidney diseases, but it is unknown how differences in nephron mass impact uEV excretion. To address this, uEV excretion was measured before and after human kidney donor nephrectomy and rat nephrectomy. In male and female donors, uEVs were quantified in cell‐free spot and 24‐h urine samples using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), EVQuant, and CD9‐time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay. Female donors had significantly lower total kidney volume (TKV) and excreted 49% fewer uEVs than male donors. uEV excretion correlated positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance, and TKV (R's between 0.6 and 0.7). uEV excretion rate could also be predicted from spot urines after multiplying spot uEV/creatinine by 24‐h urine creatinine. Donor nephrectomy reduced eGFR by 36% ± 10%, but the excretion of uEVs by only 16% (CD9+ uEVs ‐37%, CD9‐ uEVs no decrease). Donor nephrectomy increased the podocyte marker WT‐1 and the proximal tubule markers NHE3, NaPi‐IIa, and cubilin in uEVs two‐ to four‐fold when correcting for the nephrectomy. In rats, the changes in GFR and kidney weight correlated with the changes in uEV excretion rate (R = 0.46 and 0.60, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the estimated degree of hypertrophy matched the change in uEV excretion rate (1.4‐ to 1.5‐fold after uninephrectomy and four‐fold after 5/6th nephrectomy). Taken together, our data show that uEV excretion depends on nephron mass, and that nephrectomy reduces uEV excretion less than expected based on nephron loss due to compensatory hypertrophy. The major implication of our findings is that a measure for nephron mass or uEV excretion rate should be included when comparing uEV biomarkers between individuals.
The epithelial layers of the body wall in hornerid bryozoans (Stenolaemata: Cyclostomatida)
Authors: Tamberg Yuta , Batson Peter B. , Smith Abigail M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBryozoans are small colonial coelomates. They can be conceptualised as “origami‐like” animals, composed of three complexly folded epithelial layers: epidermis of the zooidal/colonial body wall, gut epithelium and coelothelium. We investigated the general microanatomy and ultrastructure of the hornerid (Cyclostomatatida) body wall and polypide in four taxa, including three species of Hornera and one species belonging to an undescribed genus. We describe epithelia and their associated structures (e.g., ECM, cuticle) across all portions of the hornerid body wall, including the terminal membrane, vestibular wall, atrial sphincter, membranous sac and polypide–skeletal attachments. The classic coelomate body wall composition (epidermis–ECM–coelothelium) is only present in an unmodified form in the tentacle sheath. Deeper within a zooid it is retained exclusively in the attachment zones of the membranous sac: [skeleton]–tendon cell–ECM–coelothelium. A typical invertebrate pattern of epithelial organisation is a single, continuous sheet of polarised cells, connected by belt desmosomes and septate junctions, and resting on a collagenous extracellular matrix. Although previous studies demonstrated that polypide‐specific epithelia of Horneridae follow this model, here we show that the body wall may show significant deviations. Cell layers can lose the basement membrane and/or continuity of cell cover and cell contacts. Moreover, in portions of the body wall, the cell layer appears to be missing altogether; the zooidal orifice is covered by a thin naked cuticle largely devoid of underlying cells. Since epithelium is a two‐way barrier against entry and loss of materials, it is unclear how hornerids avoid substance loss, while maintaining intracolonial metabolite transport with imperfect, sometimes incomplete, cell layers along large portions of their outer body surface.
Self‐Reinforced Polymer Nanofiber Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: You Haining , Zhao Qinghua , Mei Tao , Li Xiufang , You Renchuan , Wang Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanofibrous aerogels with ultra‐high porosity and surface area exhibit great potential for widespread applicability and therefore attract extensive attentions. Herein, a self‐reinforcing strategy to design nanofibrous aerogels is proposed using the thermoplastic polymer nanofibers as building blocks and a simple thermal welding as the crosslinking method. The macroscopic freestanding thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) nanofibers aerogel is mass manufactured via industrial sea‐island spinning and ice template method. After further welding the nanofibers using a facile and controlled heat treatment, the mechanically robust aerogels are favorably fabricated with higher restorability under compression, folding, and torsion and better stability in solvent relative to the unwelded aerogels. It is interesting that the wettability of the nanofibrous aerogels changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after thermal welding and excellent stability in water. The resulting nanofibrous aerogels exhibit effective absorption performance for oils and organic solvents, excellent thermal insulation, and efficient acoustic absorption. The results reveal that the development of self‐reinforced polymer nanofiber aerogels may provide the options to the design of multifunctional aerogels due to the industrial fabrication of thermoplastic polymer nanofibers and chemical‐free post‐treatment.
Incidence and prevalence of immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy in adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Shelly Shahar , Mielke Michelle M. , Paul Pritikanta , Milone Margherita , Tracy Jennifer A. , Mills John R. , Klein Christopher J. , Ernste Floranne C. , Mandrekar Jay , Liewluck Teerin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsImmune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is considered a rare subtype of the immune‐mediated myopathies, but its incidence and prevalence are unknown. In this study we aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of IMNM among adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota.MethodsWe identified adult patients with IMNM, as defined by the 2016 European Neuromuscular Centre diagnostic criteria, among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota over a 20‐year period.ResultsSeven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Six patients were tested for IMNM antibodies: four were anti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) positive, one was anti–signal recognition particle positive, and one was seronegative. The incidence of IMNM during 2010‐2019 was 8.3 per million person‐years. The prevalence of IMNM in 2010 was 1.85 per 100 000 people at least 50 years of age. Median age at symptom onset was 64 (range, 52‐86) years and median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 3 (range, <1 to 156) months. Statin use among anti‐HMGCR IMNM patients, but not the entire IMNM cohort, was higher than in controls (P = .024). Two IMNM patients developed cancers. The incidence of malignancy in IMNM was not higher than that of the general population. Treatment outcome was favorable in all patients except for one patient with delayed treatment and another with insufficient therapy. Among three deceased patients, one died of cancer and another died of IMNM‐related cardiorespiratory complications.DiscussionIMNM is a rare disease. Its prevalence is one tenth that of inclusion‐body myositis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. IMNM patients in our cohort were not at higher risk for developing cancer.
The impact of innovation management on the performance of NPOs: Applying the Tidd and Bessant model (2009)
Authors: do Adro Francisco , Fernandes Cristina I. , Veiga Pedro M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe literature is consistent in stating that innovation helps in improving the performance of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), highlighting how there remains the scope for further research designed to better understand the dimension supporting social innovation. Through the application of the Tidd and Bessant model, which reflects an important contribution to this specific sector, this study seeks to meet a shortcoming in analyzing just which innovation management factors influence the performance of NPOs. To this end, we applied a quantitative methodology based on a survey made of Portuguese NPOs that received a total of 135 valid responses. Based upon the application of multiple linear regression models, this study concludes that there are five innovation management models with a positive impact on NPO performance levels. In terms of the implications, these results, consistent with earlier research of a different nature, strengthen the idea that private business sector methods may undergo successful adaptation to the social sector and assist such entities to implement measures that offset their organizational, and consequent financial, weaknesses.
Does Temporary Mortgage Assistance for Unemployed Homeowners Reduce Longer‐Term Mortgage Default? An Analysis of the Hardest Hit Fund Program
Authors: Moulton Stephanie , Chun Yung , Casey Pierce Stephanie , Quercia Roberto , Riley Sarah , Holtzen Holly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEconomic crises like the Great Recession and the COVID pandemic prompt government intervention to stabilize homeowners and housing markets. During the Great Recession, the primary intervention was permanent loan modifications, with mixed evidence of success. The COVID pandemic spurred a more targeted but temporary intervention—mortgage payment relief for unemployed homeowners. Little is known about the long‐term effectiveness of temporary mortgage assistance for homeowner outcomes. This paper leverages data on the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Hardest Hit Fund (HHF) program to analyze the longer‐term effects of temporary mortgage payment subsidies on mortgage default. Our first research design exploits the fact that some states were not eligible to offer an HHF program and that certain Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) encompass jurisdictions in both HHF and non‐HHF states. In a second research design, we model selection into the HHF program directly, exploiting lender variation in program participation as an instrument. Our results indicate that receipt of HHF assistance leads to a 40 percent reduction in the probability of mortgage default and foreclosure through four years post assistance. We estimate heterogeneous effects for different at‐risk populations and discuss implications for policy.
Time series enable the characterization of small‐scale vegetation dynamics that influence fine‐scale animal behavior – an example from white storks' foraging behavior
Authors: Standfuß Ines , Geiß Christian , Nathan Ran , Rotics Shay , Scacco Martina , Kerr Grégoire , Taubenböck Hannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgricultural activities and vegetation growth cause rapid small‐scale vegetation changes which dynamically alter habitat suitability. Time series enable to track down such variations of vegetation structure and are promising to examine their impact on animals' life. Nevertheless, their potential to characterize vegetation dynamics in ways pertinent to animals' fine‐scale habitat use has not been adequately explored and ecologically meaningful proxies are lacking. To address this gap, we exemplary investigated foraging activities of breeding white storks in an agricultural landscape. Reflecting on the understanding that storks require short vegetation to access prey, we examined if good foraging conditions – early growth and post‐harvest/mowing periods – are detectable using the points between local minima/maxima in NDVI profiles (half‐maximum). We processed 1 year of Landsat imagery to identify half‐maximum periods (HM: good prey access) and non‐half‐maximum periods (non‐HM: poor prey access) on field‐scale in croplands and grasslands. Additionally, we mapped used/unused fields and retrieved foraging duration/daily visitation rates from GPS tracks of the storks. We then explored habitat use, compared habitat use with habitat availability and tested temporal predictors distinguishing between HM/non‐HM in habitat selection models. Examining habitat use, storks revisited croplands and grasslands significantly more often during HM than during non‐HM, while foraging duration was only prolonged in croplands during HM. However, comparing habitat use with habitat availability, we observed that storks used croplands and grasslands in significantly higher proportions during HM than during non‐HM. Additionally, we found that temporal information affected storks' habitat selection and improved model performance. Our findings emphasize that the half‐maximum proxy enables to coarsely distinguish temporal resource variations in storks' foraging habitats, highlighting the potential of time series for characterizing behaviorally‐relevant vegetation dynamics. Such information helps to create more species‐centered landscape scenarios in habitat models, allowing to unravel effects of small‐scale environmental changes on wildlife to ultimately guide conservation and management.
Surface‐Tailored Medium Entropy Alloys as Radically Low Overpotential Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Park Hoonkee , Bae Jae Wung , Lee Tae Hyung , Park Ik Jae , Kim Changyeon , Lee Mi Gyoung , Lee Sol A , Yang Jin Wook , Choi Min‐Ju , Hong Sung Hyun , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Jin Young , Kim Hyoung Seop , Jang Ho Won 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have explored new materials for electrocatalysts, but it is difficult to discover materials that surpass the catalytic activity of current commercially available noble metal electrocatalysts. In contrast to conventional transition metal alloys, high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have immense potential to maximize their catalytic properties because of their high stability and compositional diversity as oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). This work presents medium‐entropy alloys (MEAs) as OER electrocatalysts to simultaneously satisfy the requirement of high catalytic activity and long‐term stability. The surface of MEA electrocatalyst is tailored to suit the OER via anodizing and cyclic voltammetry activation methods. Optimized electrical properties and hydrophilicity of the surface enable an extremely low overpotential of 187 mV for achieving the current density of 10 mA cm−2 alkaline media. Furthermore, a combined photovoltaic‐electrochemical system with MEA electrocatalyst and a perovskite/Si tandem solar cell exhibits a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 20.6% for an unassisted hydrogen generation system. These results present a new pathway for designing sustainable high efficiency water splitting cells.
Electrically Tunable Reactivity of Substrate‐Supported Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Sánchez‐Grande Ana , Nguyën Huu Chuong , Lauwaet Koen , Rodríguez‐Fernández Jonathan , Carrasco Esther , Cirera Borja , Sun Zhaozong , Urgel José Ignacio , Miranda Rodolfo , Lauritsen Jeppe V. , Gallego José M. , López Nuria , Écija David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFirst‐row transition metal oxides are promising materials for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction. Surface sensitive techniques provide a unique perspective allowing the study of the structure, adsorption sites, and reactivity of catalysts at the atomic scale, which furnishes rationalization and improves the design of highly efficient catalytic materials. Here, a scanning probe microscopy study complemented by density functional theory on the structural and electronic properties of CoO nanoislands grown on Au(111) is reported. Two distinct phases are observed: The most extended displays a Moiré pattern (α‐region), while the less abundant is 1Co:1Au coincidental (β‐region). As a result of the surface registry, in the β‐region the oxide adlayer is compressed by 9%, increasing the unoccupied local density of states and enhancing the selective water adsorption at low temperature through a cobalt inversion mechanism. Tip‐induced voltage pulses irreversibly transform α‐ into β‐regions, thus opening avenues to modify the structure and reactivity of transition metal oxides by external stimuli like electric fields.