bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Disinfection Protocols on The Resin Bond Strength to Dentin: In Vitro Study.
Authors: Aidaros Nawal , Badra Heba , Ashraf Reem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be adopted as a modality for bacterial decontamination before cavity restoration to decrease the risk of secondary caries development. Trials to eliminate the microbial load using cavity disinfectants with no adverse effect on the bond strength of adhesive restoration geared toward the long-term success. C-phycocyanin is a safe photosensitizer to be used in disinfecting cavities before restoration especially in esthetic zone as it does not stain the tooth or the restoration as does the toluidine blue. (16) However no studies had evaluated the bond strength of resin to dentin disinfected with C-phycocyanin extracted from spirulina platensis. The teeth (n=48) will be allocated into 2 groups (n=24) according to the type of exposed dentin surface (coronal dentin and radicular dentin). Artificial caries affected dentin of coronal dentin (ACAD) will be induced after pH cycling for 14 days. Dentin surfaces will be disinfected either by using C-phycocyanin as photosensitizer activated using 635-nm diode laser or 2 % chlorohexidine or not disinfected (control group). Then one step self-etch adhesive will be bonded to coronal dentin followed by resin composite packing into the tygon tube applied perpendicular onto the coronal dentin.Self-adhesive resin cement will be bonded to radicular dentin by packing it into the tygon tubes applied perpendicular onto the radicular dentin. Microshear bond strength of self-etch adhesive to coronal dentin; and resin cement to radicular dentin will be tested. One sample from each group will be prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination.
International consensus to define outcomes for trials of chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer (CORMAC-2): Defining the outcomes from the CORMAC core outcome set
Authors: Samuel Robert , Sebag-Montefiore David , Adams Richard , Hawkins Maria , Das Pragnan , Dorth Jennifer , Guren Marianne , Renehan Andrew , Fish Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
IntroductionAnal cancer is rare, but its incidence is increasing. Chemoradiotherapy is the primary treatment modality. Outcomes used in anal cancer trials vary which hinders evidence synthesis. Using a systematic review, patient interviews and a 2-stage Delphi consensus survey, the first CORMAC project brought together patients and healthcare professionals from across the world to agree shared priorities and make sure that studies of chemoradiotherapy treatments for anal cancer report outcomes that are meaningful to patients and health care professionals. CORMAC-1 established an internationally ratified core outcome set (COS) of 19 outcomes across 4 domains. These 19 outcomes are an agreed minimum that all clinical trials in chemoradiotherapy anal cancer trials should report. CORMAC-2 is the next phase which seeks to reach international agreement on the definitions for the 11 core outcomes in the domains of disease activity and survival. Agreeing definitions for these core outcomes will facilitate utilisation of the core outcome set, increasing outcome standardisation across trials thereby increasing the quality of data available for clinical decision-making and ultimately enhancing patient care.MethodsThe original CORMAC systematic review will be updated, focusing on 2 of the 4 COS domains, disease activity and survival domains. An international steering committee composed of international anal cancer trial experts will be formed. The committee will review the updated search results to develop a 2-stage Delphi consensus survey. The survey will be publicised through conferences, email lists, domestic and international bodies and will target healthcare and allied healthcare professional involved in the design, running, recruitment and publication of anal cancer trials. Following the 2-stage survey, a stakeholder meeting composed of the steering committee and selection of survey participants will ratify the results and agree a final set of core outcome definitions.Ethics and disseminationCORMAC-2 results will be disseminated through journal and conference publications to inform clinical teams and patient support groups to raise awareness and implementation of the core outcome set. Results will feed into the DECREASE study and it is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative (1,2). As per the University of Manchester ethic decision tool, no ethical approval is required. Further information is available at https://cormacstudy.wordpress.com.
ASCOT ADAPT study of COVID-19 therapeutics in hospitalised patients: an international multicentre adaptive platform trial
Authors: Denholm Justin T , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Davis Joshua , Bowen Asha C. , Hammond Naomi E , Jha Vivekanand , McPhee Grace , McQuilten Zoe , O’Sullivan Matthew VN , Paterson David , Price David , Rees Megan , Roberts Jason , Jones Mark , Totterdell James , Snelling Thomas , Trask Nanette , Morpeth Susan , Tong Steven YC 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a significant risk of hospitalisation, death, and prolonged impact on quality of life. Evaluation of new treatment options and optimising therapeutic management of people hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains essential, but rapid changes in pandemic conditions and potential therapies have limited the utility of traditional approaches to randomised controlled trials.
Methods
ASCOT ADAPT is an international, investigator-initiated, adaptive platform, randomised controlled trial of therapeutics for non-critically ill patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The study design is open label and pragmatic. Potential participants are hospitalised adults with PCR confirmed, symptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 infection, within 14 days of symptom onset. Domains include antiviral, antibody and anticoagulant interventions, with a composite primary outcome of 28-day mortality or progression to intensive-care level respiratory or haemodynamic support. Initial interventions include intravenous nafamostat and variable dose anticoagulation. A range of secondary endpoints, and substudies for specific domains and interventions are outlined.
Discussion
This paper presents the trial protocol and management structure, including international governance, remote site monitoring and biobanking activities, and provides commentary on ethical and pragmatic considerations in establishing the ASCOT ADAPT trial under pandemic conditions.
Combination of Problem Solving and Multi-organ Ultrasound. A Case Report of AL Amyloidosis Associated to Cardiac, Renal, Peritoneal, Mesenteric and Gastrointestinal Involvement
Authors: Tirotta Daniela , Cangini Delia , Girelli Francesco , Mazzeo Vincenzo , Tassinari Maurizio , Muratori Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Systemic amyloidosis AL is unusual disease that is heterogeneous in presentation. Clinical case. We present a case of systemic amyloidosis AL with unusual cardiac, mesenteric, renal, peritoneal and gastrointestinal involvement, in which the diagnostic hypothesis was formulated on the basis of problem solving and ultrasound (abdomen, lung, heart US).Conclusion. This case shows that multi-organ ultrasound, associated with problem solving, may be of very helpful in the diagnosis of systemic diseases, even unusual ones and even associated to non-specific clinical aspect, avoiding a long diagnostic interval length.
High-throughput sequencing reveals that microRNA from exosomes as potential pathogenetic factors and biomarkers of moyamoya disease
Authors: Huang Da , Qi Hui , Yang Hongchun , chen Meng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: As a progressive cerebrovascular disease, moyamoya disease is a common cause of stroke in children and adults; however, early biomarkers and the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease remain poorly understood. Objectives: We aimed to diagnose moyamoya disease by identifying noninvasive rapid liquid diagnostic biomarkers using plasma exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs).Materials and Methods: For the first time, frozen plasma samples from moyamoya disease patients, next-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies, real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis analyses of exosomal miRNA-related target gene functions were used to identify plasma exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers of moyamoya disease. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for predicting eventsResults: The target genes of the different expression miRNA showed that they were mainly enriched in axon guidance, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the MAPK signalling pathway. Ten miRNAs (miR-1306-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-320b, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-489-3p, miR-501-3p, and miR-487-3p) were found to be associated with the most sensitive and speciﬁc pathways for predicting moyamoya disease. Conclusions: Plasma exosomal miRNAs could be used to construct an accurate predictive model for improving moyamoya disease detection.
Structures for the care of people with dementia: A European comparison
Authors: Schmachtenberg Tim , Monsees Jessica , Thyrian Jochen René 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Dementia is a disease that impacts people with dementia, their families, and the health care system. In 2018, the number of people with dementia in the EU, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), and the UK was estimated to be 9.1 million. National dementia strategies and publications by organisations such as Alzheimer Europe outline how dementia-specific care should be organised and designed. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of existing formal support and care structures, models of good practise, and gaps in dementia-specific care for people with dementia in 17 European countries.
Methods
The research is based on guided qualitative interviews with country-specific care experts. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim based on the transcription rules of Kuckarts (2010). For data evaluation, the qualitative content analysis model of Mayring (2014) was used. The content was structured with a combination of deductive and inductive categorisation, summarised, and presented descriptively.
Results
In all 17 countries, efforts for dementia-friendly care and models of good care practise exist. However, there are large differences between European countries regarding the spread of dementia-specific services. In some countries (Finland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the UK), there are already nationwide structures, while in other countries (Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Romania), services are only available in certain regions. Simultaneously, in all countries, areas with major care gaps exist. Several European states have an urgent need for action concerning the expansion of the provision of dementia-specific services in outpatient and inpatient care, the reduction of regional differences regarding the provision of care, the elimination of barriers to access to care, the dementia-friendliness of services, and the participation of people with dementia and their relatives in care and research.
Conclusions
To reduce the existing structural inequalities in care between and within European countries, and to establish quality-related minimum standards in the care of people with dementia, transnational concepts are needed. The EU, in cooperation with the parliaments of its member states, care planners, research institutions, care providers, and patient organisations, should develop European care guidelines or dementia plans that contain concrete measures, schedules, and budgets.
Regulation of aging by balancing mitochondrial function and antioxidant levels.
Authors: Yoshina Sawako , Izuhara Luna , Kamatani Naoyuki , Mitani Shohei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aging is the deterioration of physiological mechanisms that is associated with getting old. There is a link between aging and mitochondrial function. In C. elegans, it has been reported that inhibiting the electron transfer system decreases ATP production and extends lifespan. However, it has also been suggested that energy loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction or impairment is a mechanism of diseases and aging. Thus, there is an unresolved relationship between ATP levels and aging. To address this issue, we administered febuxostat (FBX), an inhibitor of human xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), to C. elegans. XO/XDH is an enzyme that participates in the in vivo synthesis of uric acid. When FBX is added to cells, the salvage pathway of purine metabolism becomes dominant, and the ATP concentration increases. Since humans and C. elegans but few mammalian species lack uricase, which degrades uric acid, we used C. elegans as a model to evaluate the effects of FBX and to challenge the enigma of the relationship between ATP and lifespan.In this study, we showed that FBX protects mitochondria and prevents age-related muscle deterioration in C. elegans. In addition, we showed that FBX administration could increase ATP levels without overloading the mitochondria while extending the lifespan. We also showed that the combination of FBX and an antioxidant as a protection against ROS prolongs lifespan more. We have shown that the antioxidant effects and increased ATP levels may lead to antiaging effects.
How can net petroleum importers achieve risk aversion in in a globalized world: A multi-regional input-output perspective
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang ZaiXu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paying attention to the national flows and drivers of embodied petroleum consumption in net petroleum importers are important for petroleum safety risk aversion and environmental protection policy formulation. This study utilized the multi-regional input-output model to determine the top five embodied petroleum net importers (i.e. the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and France) under the economic globalization, and traced the flows of embodied petroleum consumption through international trade. Combined with the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method, this study also deeply investigated the drivers of changes embodied petroleum in net imports. From the perspective of international trade, the United States was not only the largest importer but also the largest exporter of embodied petroleum. Among the trade flows of embodied petroleum, the largest trade flow was from China to the United States, which indicated that China was the world factory and the United States was the consumer power. The embodied petroleum trade markets of Germany, the United Kingdom and France was mainly distributed in Europe & Eurasia resulted from European economic integration. The largest contributor to the decrease of embodied petroleum imports in top 4 net importers was the petroleum intensity effect. Meanwhile, the import dependence effect was the largest contributor to the increase of France’s embodied petroleum net imports. In order to further avoid the risk of petroleum security, constructing the diversified petroleum product import strategy is an extremely effective path. Moreover, improving energy efficiency is another way to solve the contradiction between petroleum supply and demand.
Mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients during surges of SARS-CoV-2 alpha (B.1.1.7) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants
Authors: Zali Alireza , Khodadoost Mahmood , Gholamzadeh Saeid , janbazi Shahriar , Piri Hassan , Taraghikhah Nazanin , Hannani Khatereh , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Mohammadi Gohar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the death proportion and death risk of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time and in different surges of COVID-19. This multi-center observational study was conducted from March 21, 2021 to October 3, 2021 which included the alpha and delta SARS-CoV-2 surges occurred in April and August in Tehran, respectively. The risk of COVID-19 death was compared in different months of admission. A total of 270624 (6.9% deaths) patients with COVID-19 were admitted to hospitals in Tehran province. Compared to patients admitted in March, a higher risk of COVID-19 death was observed among patients admitted to the hospital in July (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40), August (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.52), September (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.50) and October (HR: 4.63; 95% CI2.77, 7.74). The ICU death proportion was 36.8% (95% CI: 35.5, 38.1) in alpha surge and increased significantly to 39.8 (95%CI: 38.6, 41.1) in delta surge. The risk of COVID-19 death was significantly higher in delta surge compared to alpha surge (HR:1.22 ; 95% CI:1.17, 1.27). Delta surge was associated with a higher risk of death compared to alpha surge. High number of hospitalizations, a shortage of hospital beds, ICU spaces and medical supplies, poor nutritional status of hospitalized patients, and lack of the intensivist physicians or specialized nurses in the ICU were factors that contributed to the high mortality rate in the delta surge in Iran.
Flood Hazards Vulnerability And Risk Of Food Security In Bait Community Flood-Prone Areas Of Punjab Pakistan: In Sdgs Achievement Threat
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Shah Salyha Zulfiqar Ali , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Food security is a global concern while economic growth, hunger eradication programs, raising agricultural productivity, and public policy measures have played a significant role in improving food security. However, to a great extent of Pakistan’s population still experiencing poverty and hunger in their daily livelihood. Flood disasters have caused barricade agricultural production and interrupt livelihood routine matters so household-level food security is eventually affected by floods. This study investigated food security of rural flood-prone households of Punjab, Pakistan with a broader aspect in contrast to previous research work. Constructing the food security index composition of different IPCC and FAO factors with related dimensions of food security was used for the empirical estimation of this study. Composite food security index was developed through polychoric principal component analysis. To estimate the influence on the whole food security condition in the study area food security index was regressed on various independent variables. The finding of the study indicated as ¾ of the household respondents in the study area are confronted with the issue of food security with a changeable scale. Financing schemes, physical assets, and family type illustrated the positive influence on respondents' food security level whereas respondents suffering property losses owing to floods and having mostly status of female. Findings of the study suggested as integrated strategies necessitate adopting for well deal with issues of food security in the scenario of rising severity of flood disasters. In the scenario of Pakistan policymakers to deal with food insecurity tackled regarding flood hazards.
Odor-GCN: Graph Convolutional Network for Predicting Odor Impressions Based on Molecular Structures
Authors: Qiu Xiaofang , Cheng Yu , Luo Dehan , He Chunxia , WONG Angus K.Y. , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Predicting odor impression from molecular structure can help develop olfactory product such as perfumes, cosmetics and fragrances. At present, the methods of odor impression prediction can be divided into three categories: based on molecular physical and chemical characteristics, based on electronic nose, and based on mass spectrometry. In these methods, collecting odor data usually requires expensive equipment or time-consuming chemical and physical experiments. In order to overcome these difficulties, we proposed a molecular structure-based odor impression prediction method, which can be obtained in the existing chemical database (such as PubChem) without additional experiments. This greatly saves the time and cost of obtaining odor data. We believe that the olfactory information of odor is implicit in its molecular structure. First, molecules are represented as graphs, called molecule-graph, that is, atoms are regarded as the vertices of the graph, and covalent bonds are regarded as edges of the graph. Then a graph convolution network (GCN) was designed to extract olfactory information from molecule-graph. The GCN contains three con-volutional layers, an aggregation layer and a fully connected layer. In each graph convolution layer, vertices (atoms) can send message to the vertices (atoms) connected to it. The aggregation layer aggregates all the features of all vertices and calculates their average value. The fully connected layer outputs the odor impression value of the odor. Finally, we predicted the odor impressions (pleasantness , intensity and familiarity) for 476 odor single molecules. The best prediction of Pearson Correlation Coefficient for odor pleasantness impressions was r = 0.52 (p < 0.0000005), which is between the predicted and actual ratings, and the Mean Absolute Error was M AE = 8.53.
Immune phenotypes that predict COVID-19 severity
Authors: Liechti Thomas , Iftikhar Yaser , Mangino Massimo , Beddall Margaret , Goss Charles , O'Halloran Jane , Mudd Philip , Roederer Mario 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Severe COVID-19 causes profound immune perturbations, but pre-infection immune signatures contributing to severe COVID-19 remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong associations between severe disease and several chemokine receptors and molecules from the type I interferon pathway. Here, we define immune signatures associated with severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry. We measured the peripheral immune system from individuals who recovered from mild, moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and focused only on those immune signatures returning to steady-state. Individuals that suffered from severe COVID-19 showed reduced frequencies of T cell, MAIT cell and dendritic cell (DCs) subsets and altered chemokine receptor expression on several subsets, such as reduced levels of CCR1 and CCR2 on monocyte subsets. Furthermore, we found reduced frequencies of type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs and altered IFNAR2 expression on several myeloid cells in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Thus, these data identify potential immune mechanisms contributing to severe COVID-19.
The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic On The Radiopharmacy Activities National And International Survey, The Standard Is Missing
Authors: Al-Saeedi Fatma J. , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Tipre Dnyanesh N. , Alqabandi Maryam Y. , Priya V. Vishnu , Ahmed Emad A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID–19 pandemic is confronting the business activities of radiopharmaceutical labs globally. This study aimed to find out the impact of COVID–19 on the radiopharmacy business, services, and research activities. Methods: This survey was conducted online among nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceutical staff. Results: Socio-demographic information was collected. A total of 140 health professionals from 23 countries participated in the study. We observed that the 18F–fluorodeoxyglucose was used frequently during COVID–19 pandemic. The radiopharmacy lab scheduling was reduced. The majority of the respondents were using the local departmental regulations. Conclusions: COVID–19 adversely affected the radiopharmaceutical business and nuclear medicine research.