bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitrogen and Daminozide on Shoot Growth for Pear Psylla Suppression and on ‘Bartlett’ Pear Performance1
Authors: Lombard P. B. , Westigard P. H. , Strang J. G. , Allen R. B. , Joy D. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three consecutive annual nitrogen applications on trees of ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) at 120 kg/ha increased leaf N, shoot growth, number of expanded shoot leaves, crop density, fruit size, and yield compared to no N. N application without butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) increased late bloom and fruit russet associated with pear psylla honeydew. Daminozide at 2 g/liter sprayed twice annually for 3 years, 30 and 50 days after bloom with or without N application, reduced minal growth, number of expanded shoot leaves, late bloom, fruit size, density of psylla nymphs, (Psylla pyricola Foerster) and fruit russet from psylla honey dew. The effects of N and daminozide on tree growth, fruit size, and yield, as well as on psylla density, varied from year to year. Daminozide can reduce shoot growth of pear and subsequently reduce psylla densities and resultant damage but with some reduction in fruit size.
‘Two Marthas’ Camellia1
Authors: Ackerman W. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the facets of the National Arboretum's landscape plant improvement program is to extend the range of cultivation of the genus Camellia beyond its present limits. Climatic limitations for camellias grown out-of-doors have been the East Coast from Maryland to northern Florida, westward through the Gulf States, and along the West Coast from California to coastal Oregon and Washington. This region, described roughly as the “Camellia Belt”, contains most of the camellias grown in the United States. Beyond this region there are scattered plantings, usually under protected microclimatic conditions. North of this region, plants are subject to severe winter injury, while in the extreme south they are subject to high heat and light intensity. Significant advances have been made in extending the range of camellia culture northward (2, 3). Efforts are also underway to extend camellia culture south of its present limits. The cultivar, ‘Two Marthas’, is the first release coming from this research.
Lima Bean Legacy
Authors: Erickson Homer T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., are native to the Western Hemisphere. In precolonial times they were cultivated from coastal Peru, their present English name being derived from the capital of that country, to the southern United States. Specimens have been found in archeological sites dating back more than 5,000 years. The prevailing evolutionary theory states that their center of origin is Central America, possibly Guatemala, and from there they spread north and south along the continental land mass and throughout the Caribbean Islands.
Quality Control Aspects of Soilless Root Media
Authors: Atkins P. S. , Waller P. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The quality of growing media used in horticulture is of vital importance. It can obviously be the difference between profit and loss to the commercial grower, since problemsof quality often cannot be rectified after the plant has been placed in the media. The plea can be also made that it is of equal importance to the hobby gardener—it has the potential to encourage and extend the range of gardening activities if the quality of media is good.
PP333 Effects on Stem Elongation Dependent on Site of Application1
Authors: Barrett James E. , Bartuska Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Container-grown Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. were treated with the growth retardant PP333 [(2RS, 3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4,4-dimethyl-2-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl-)pentan-3-ol] by applying the chemical to the soil, whole shoot, mature leaves, or stem. Regardless of application site, PP333 resulted in reduced stem elongation compared to untreated plants. However, more retardation occurred when the chemical was applied to the stem than when applied to the leaves. Results indicated that in foliar applications the chemical taken up by the stem was more important than that contacting the leaves.
Axillary and Adventitious Shoot Proliferation of Exbury Azaleas in Vitro.1
Authors: Fordham Ingrid , Stimart Dennis P. , Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips of Exbury azalea (Rhododendron sp.) were proliferated on Anderson's Rhododendron medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BA), 6-(= ϒ, = ϒ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP), 6-(= ϒ, = ϒ dimethylallylamino) purine riboside (2iP-riboside), 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), or 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin). The greatest number of shoots was produced on medium containing zeatin, a lesser number on 2iP and 2iP-riboside, and the least on BA and kinetin. Shoot proliferation was affected by genotype. Few adventitious shoots formed on detached cultured leaves. Shoot tips rooted when subcultured on medium without cytokinin or when inserted in moist milled sphagnum.
Nitrogen Uptake by Sweet Corn1
Authors: Mills Harry A. , McElhannon William S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
N-demand periods and the form and quantity of N absorbed during the growth cycle of sweet corn (Zea Mays L.) was determined for ‘Silver Queen’ grown in solution culture with a N ratio of 50% NO3–50% NH4. Absorption of NO3 and NH4 were similar up to the tasseling stage. During the tasseling stage, NO3 was absorbed at rates greater than NH4, while during the ear development stage NH4 was absorbed at rates higher than NO3. Evaluation of N demand during the growth cycle shows that 60% of the total N absorbed occurred during the tasseling-ear development stage. These results indicate that with ‘Silver Queen’, greater efficiency of applied N fertilizer can be obtained by correlating rate of N and form of N to a specific growth stage.
Influence of Harvesting Asparagus the Year Following Planting on Subsequent Spear Yield and Quality1
Authors: Benson Brian L. , Motes J. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Yield, spear weight, and spear number of Asparagus officinalis L. were either unaffected or increased at 2 locations in subsequent years when plants were first harvested 1 year after planting crowns as compared to plants first harvested 2 years after planting crowns.
Combining Ability for Fruit Set, Flower Drop, and Underdeveloped Ovaries in Some Heat-tolerant Tomatoes1
Authors: Hanna Hanna Y. , Hernandez Teme P. , Koonce Kenneth L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seven tomato genotypes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were crossed in all except reciprocal combinations in a diallel test for heat tolerance. S6916 had the highest general combining ability (GCA) value for heat tolerance, indicating that it transmitted good fruit setting abilty at high temperatures to its progeny. BL6807 had the second highest GCA value for fruit set but also transmitted underdeveloped ovaries. L401 had the lowest GCA value for fruit set. Additive gene action was more important than nonadditive effects for fruit set, flower drop, and underdeveloped ovaries at high temperatures.
Survey of the Genus Lycopersicon for Variability in α-Tomatine Content1
Authors: Juvik J. A. , Stevens M. A. , Rick C. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty-seven accessions from 6 species of the genus Lycopersicon and 1 accession of Solanum pennellii were surveyed for content of the glycoalkaloid, α-to-matine. Significant variation in alkaloid content was found to exist among the accessions. L. esculentum cultivars were found to contain much lower concentrations of α-tomatine than accessions of L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, L. pimpinellifolium, and the L. peruvianum accession, LA 462.
Annual Culture of Globe Artichoke from Seed1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Mack H. J. , Kean D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Globe artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.) were grown from seed in the greenhouse and transplanted to the field in 1978, 1979, and 1980. Percentage of flowering without artificial vernalization of the transplants was 75%, 92%, and 99% for the 3 years. Nitrogen sidedress applications above a base rate of 48 kg N/ha did not significantly increase weight or number of buds per plant or buds/ha. Plant spacing of 1 × 0.6 m generally increased total weight and number of buds/ha, but reduced number and weight of buds/plant compared to spacings of l × lmorl × 2m. Average weight/bud was unaffected by either nitrogen level or plant spacing. Total yield was similar to California production of clonally produced artichokes, but buds were smaller.
Influence of Chilling on Growth and Flowering of Rabbiteye Blueberries1
Authors: Austin M. E. , Mullinix B. G. , Mason J. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of chilling on rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) differed among cultivars studied. Growth measurements made 30 days after chilling indicated that maximum vegetative growth for ‘Climax’ occurred after 450 hours; ‘Bluebelle’ and ‘Delite’, after 500 hr; and ‘Tifblue’, after 650 hr of chilling below 7.2°C. Some ‘Climax’, ‘Bluebelle’, and ‘Delite’ flowered after 150 to 200 chilling hr; however, the latter 3 cultivars studied required at least 650 chilling hr for maximum flower development.
Seasonal Accumulation of Calcium and Potassium in the Cortex of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Sprayed with 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid
Authors: Stahly Edward A. , Benson Neis R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of Ca and K in the cortex of fruits of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) from trees sprayed with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) was measured during 2 growing seasons. TIBA reduced the rate of Ca accumulation in treated fruits within 2 or 3 weeks of application, and the slower rate of accumulation persisted through most of the season. K accumulation in the latter part of the growing season was enhanced by TIBA. The cortex of treated fruits was lower in Ca and higher in K than that of untreated fruits at harvest. In 1 year, TIBA-treated fruit had a higher dry weight and higher N content than unsprayed fruit. Bitter pit appeared in fruit from all treated trees both years.
Osmotic Adjustment and Stomatal Conductance in Peach Seedlings under Severe Water Stress1
Authors: Young Eric , Hand J. Mark , Wiest Steven C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of ‘Halford’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] maintained in a growth chamber and exposed to leaf water deficits as low as – 38 bars exhibited slight osmotic adjustment before turgor potential reached zero. This adjustment was inadequate to maintain high turgor potential, which decreased until reaching zero at a total leaf water potential of ca. —20 bars. Stomatal conductance was linearly related to total leaf water potential and independent of the average turgor potential of the leaf.
Influence of Low Temperature and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Germination of ‘Valencia’ Orange Seeds1
Authors: Burger David W. , Hackett Wesley P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia obtained from trees grown in north-central California would not germinate when fruit was harvested during the early part of the season (November 1978). Seeds from November-harvested fruit stored at 3 to 4°C for 21 days germinated 100%. A similar germination response to low temperature was obtained when seeds from fruit harvested April 1980 (exposed to only 103 hours below 3 to 4°) were treated for 3 weeks at 3 to 4°. Treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3) induced about 55% germination in seeds from non-cold-treated fruit. Germination rates for seeds from cold-treated fruit were found to increase when the seeds were presoaked in GA3 or germinated at high temperature.
Anthocyanins in African Violet1
Authors: Khokhar J. A. , Humphreys J. M. , Short K. C. , Grout B. W. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flower color in African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) is due to the presence of anthocyanidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucosides. Blue-flowered cultivars contained malvidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, and a naturally occurring light blue mutant obtained by in vitro culture contained 80% less of the pigment. African violets with red petals contained peonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside and pink-petalled cultivars contained pelargonidin 3-rutinoside-5-glucoside. African violets with light pink flowers contained about 80% of the pelargonidin found in cultivars with dark pink petals. The petals of a plant with speckled red and pink flowers, which had been produced from petioles of a red-flowered African violet following X-irradiation, contained peonidin and pelargonidin, respectively, in the red and pink petal sectors.
Effect of GA3 on Germination of Primula vulgaris Huds. and Primula X polyantha Hort.1
Authors: Miller Edward A. , Holcomb E. Jay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Primula vulgaris Huds. and Primula X polyantha Hort. seeds were soaked for 24 hours in solutions ranging from 0 to 1000 ppm GA3 and allowed to germinate in a controlled environment. GA3 stimulated germination of P. X polyantha with 250 ppm most effective. P. vulgaris germination was unaffected by GA3.
Growth, Hardiness, and Leaf-water Potential of Blue Holly (Ilex X meserveae) Cultivars as Affected by Exposure1
Authors: Pair John C. , Still Steven M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ilex X meserveae S. Y. Hu cvs. Blue Angel, Blue Maid, Blue Princess (pistillate) and Blue Prince (staminate) were planted around specially designed cross-shaped structures to determine tolerance to summer and winter stresses as affected by sun, shade, and wind patterns. Most plant damage occurred in the summer on the S and SW exposures where plant canopy and soil temperatures reached 43° and 48°C, respectively. All cultivars survived −23° in winter, but ‘Blue Angel’ was damaged. ‘Blue Princess’ was the hardiest and most fruitful cultivar. Shoot growth was greatest on ‘Blue Prince’ and ‘Blue Maid’. Plants performed best on the N, NE, and NW exposures, where summer temperatures were relatively cool and foliage temperature fluctuation were reduced in winter.
Propagation of Fraser Fir by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Type of Cutting, Length of Cutting, and Genotype1
Authors: Miller N. F. , Hinesley L. E. , Blazich F. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stem cuttings of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] were used in 3 studies to examine rooting and visible terminal bud activity as influenced by cutting length (10 to 26 cm), type of cutting (laterals vs. terminals) and genotype. Pronounced genotypic variation was observed for percentage of rooting as well as number and length of roots. Trees which rooted in high percentages produced the greatest number and length of roots. Cutting length did not affect percentage of rooting. Long cuttings exhibited less visible bud activity and produced the greatest number of roots. Lateral cuttings exhibited a higher percentage of rooting than terminals, particularly without treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA), and also displayed greater visible terminal bud activity.
Guelph SO1 Synthetic Octoploid Strawberry Breeding Clone1
Authors: Evans W. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A synthetic octoploid has been developed from a tetraploid hybrid of Fragaria moschata Duch. (2n = 42) and F. nubicola Duch. (2n = 14). The clone is recommended for use in strawberry breeding as it contains germ plasm not previously available at the octoploid level.
Procedures for Extracting and Analyzing Internal Gas Samples from Plant Tissues by Gas Chromatography1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gas samples are often extracted from horticultural produce for analysis of ethylene, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other gases by gas chromatography. This paper outlines procedures for extracting gas samples either by using a syringe needle to puncture a cavity within the fruit or vegetable or by subjecting the fruit or vegetable to a partial vacuum.
In Vitro Propagation of Rhododendron catawbiense from Flower Buds1
Authors: Meyer Martin M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flower pedicels and ovary bases of 4 cultivars of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. were cultured in vitro and proliferated granular masses of tissue on Anderson's medium containing indoleacetic acid (IAA) 1.0 or 4.0 mg/liter and 6(γ,γ-dimethylal-lylamino)-purine (2iP) 5.0 or 15.0 mg/liter. These masses formed numerous shoots when cultured on Anderson's medium with lower levels of growth regulators. The shoots were rooted and grown as plants which appeared normal in vegetative characteristics.
Postharvest Performance of Poinsettia as Affected by Micronutrient Source, Storage, and Cultivar1
Authors: Scott Lelia F. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
After 4 weeks indoors, ‘Annette Hegg Dark Red’ (‘AHDR’) and ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ (‘GV14’) had higher leaf abscission than ‘Mikkel Improved Roch-ford’ (‘MIR’). ‘AHDR’ abscised more bracts than ‘MIR’ or ‘GV14’. Plant grade was highest for ‘GV14’. Fritted Trace Elements-treated (FTE) and Micromax-treated (MICROMAX) plants lost fewer leaves and bracts and had a higher plant grade than Perk-treated (PERK) or Soluble Trace Element Mix-treated (STEM) plants. Plants held in dark storage for 3 or 6 days had greater leaf abscission than plants not subjected to storage. Bract drop was highest for 6 days storage. Dark storage of 0 or 3 days had higher plant grade than 6 days dark storage.
Postharvest Effects of Various Light Sources and Duration on Keeping Quality of Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Collins P. C. , Blessington T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina was held in light-and-temperature-controlled chambers for 12 weeks under 3 light sources of 20 μE m−2s−1 incandescent (INC) lamps, 20 μE m−2s−1 Cool White fluorescent (CWF) lamps, or 10 μE m−2s−1 INC + 10 μE m−2s−1 CWF light combination totaling 20 μE m−2s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Plants also received 4 light durations (6, 12, 18, or 24 hr/day). Growth index was greater for plants held under INC. When plants were held under the light combination, leaf drop was reduced and plant grade was improved. Dry weight and plant grade increased and leaf drop decreased when plants were lighted for 24 hr/day. Chlorophyll content decreased under the light sources in the following order: CWF> light combination >INC.
Growth of Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii as Influenced by Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Soil Fertility1
Authors: Roncadori R. W. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Total fresh weight and crown spread of Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii Henry plants, grown in microplots containing a low fertility medium of 4 soil:l sand:l milled pine bark and amended with 10N-4.4P-8.3K fertilizer at rates of 0, 110, or 220 μg/g, were significantly increased by inoculation with a spore mixture of 3 different vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi. Higher fertilizer concentrations improved crown spread but did not affect plant growth. Root colonization by the endophytes ranged from 24.4 to 39.2% and was unaffected by fertilization rates.
Evapotranspiration and Transpiration for Four Foliage Plants1
Authors: Barrett James E. , Nell Terril A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evapotranspiration and transpiration were determined for Aphalandra squarrosa Nees. ‘Dania’, Maranta leuconeura Kerchoviana E. Morr., Philodendron scandens subsp. oxycardium (Schott) Bunt., and Brassaia actinophylla Endl. Aphelandra transpiration was 1.5 to 2 times more per unit leaf area than other species. The hypostomatous leaves of Aphelandra and Brassaia had 151 and 131 stomata per mm2; stomatal density per mm2 was 66 for Maranta and 29 for Philodendron on abaxial surface, and 12 and 9, respectively, on adaxial surface. Midday abaxial water vapor conductance was 0.46, 0.26, 0.16, and 0.06 cm sec−1 for Aphelandra, Brassaia, Maranta, and Philodendron, respectively.
Transplant Quality and Metal Concentrations in Vegetable Transplants Grown in Media Containing Sewage Sludge Compost1
Authors: Sterrett S. B. , Chaney R. L. , Reynolds C. W. , Schales F. D. , Douglass L. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopericon esculentum Mill.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) transplants were grown in peat-vermiculite (P-V) or in media containing sewage sludge compost from either a residential, low metal (LM) or industrially contaminated, high metal (HM) source. The transplant quality (stem diameter, fresh, and dry weight) of plants grown in P-V and LM were similar. Transplants grown in HM media were small, less-developed, and exhibited symptoms of heavy metal phytotoxicity. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni in tomato and of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni in cabbage plants grown in HM media were significantly higher than those in transplants grown in LM media. The addition of peatmoss to LM media had little influence on media pH or the heavy metal concentrations in transplants. However, peatmoss lowered the pH of HM media and thus the concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni in tomato and Zn and Mn in cabbage transplants increased. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in tomatoes and Zn in cabbage were above phytotoxic levels.
GA3-increased Bolting and Seed Production in Late-planted Onions1
Authors: Loper G. M. , Waller G. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 25, 50, or 500 ppm applied to late-fall seeded onion (Allium cepa L.) near Yuma, Ariz., significantly increased bolting and seed yield. Seed weight was significantly increased at the highest level of GA3 tested.
Developmental Physiology of Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica L.)1
Authors: Hernández-Unzon H. Y. , Lakshminarayana S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tamarind fruit took about 245 days from fruit-set to harvest, showing 3 clear stages: prematuration (growth), maturation, and ripening. Fruit weight showed a gradual increase up to 203 days after which there was a steep fall to practically half its weight. Volume, length, breadth, and thickness, on the other hand, showed gradual increases from fruit-set until harvest. Plotting fruit weight against time, the growth curve obtained was typically sigmoid to completion of maturation after which the behaviour was atypical. The respiratory curve during growth showed maximum CO2 output during the 4th week after fruit-set followed by a gradual decline. The peak respiratory activity noted on the 4th week was attributed to the probable impact of postfertilization changes in the growth of the embryo. Yield of fruit parts in relation to maturation and ripening of the fruit are discussed.
Gibberellic Acid-induced Fruiting of Lingonberries, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult.1
Authors: Holloway Patricia S. , Stushnoff Cecil , Wildung David K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A single application of 50, 100 or 500 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA) during 75% full bloom induced seedless fruit development in lingonberries growing in their native habitat in Alaska. Fruit set was increased by the 500 ppm GA treatment in the absence of insect pollination. Fruit set was not increased by GA in open-pollinated plants. Berry weight and diameter were unaffected by GA treatments.