bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing group inclusions with arbitrary depth via wreath products
Authors: Horváth Erzsébet , Janabi Hayder Abbas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt was proved in a paper by Burciu, Kadison and Külshammer in 2011 that the ordinary depth $$d(S_n,S_{n+1})$$

d
(

S
n

,

S

n
+
1

)

of the symmetric group $$S_n$$

S
n

in $$S_{n+1}$$

S

n
+
1

is $$2n-1$$

2
n
-
1

, so arbitrarily large odd numbers can occur as subgroup depth. Lars Kadison in 2011 posed the question if subgroups of even ordinary depth bigger than 6 can occur. Recently in a paper with Breuer we constructed a series $$(G_n,H_n)$$

(

G
n

,

H
n

)

of groups and subgroups where the depth $$d(H_n,G_n)$$

d
(

H
n

,

G
n

)

was 2n, thus answering the question of Kadison. Here we generalize the method of that proof. The main result of this paper is that for every positive integer n there are infinitely many pairs (G, H) of finite groups such that $$d(H,G)=n$$

d
(
H
,
G
)
=
n

. As a corollary of its proof we get that for every positive integer n there are infinitely many triples (H, N, G) of finite solvable groups $$H\triangleleft N\triangleleft G$$

H
◃
N
◃
G

such that G/N is cyclic of order $$\lceil {n/2} \rceil $$

⌈

n
/
2

⌉

, N/H is cyclic of arbitrarily large prime order and $$d(H,G)=n$$

d
(
H
,
G
)
=
n

. We investigate the series $$d(H_n,G_n)$$

d
(

H
n

,

G
n

)

in the cases when the depth, $$d(H_1,G_1)$$

d
(

H
1

,

G
1

)

, is 1, 2 or 3, where $$H_n:=H_1\times G^{n-1}$$

H
n

:
=

H
1

×

G

n
-
1

and $$G_n:=G_1\wr C_n$$

G
n

:
=

G
1

≀

C
n

. We also prove that if $$H_1=S_k$$

H
1

=

S
k

and $$G_1=S_{k+1}$$

G
1

=

S

k
+
1

then $$d(H_n,G_n)=2nk-1$$

d
(

H
n

,

G
n

)
=
2
n
k
-
1

.
Model for water infiltration in vegetated soil with preferential flow oriented by plant roots
Authors: Mair Andrew , Dupuy Lionel X. , Ptashnyk Mariya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There is strong experimental evidence that root systems substantially change the hydraulic properties of soil. However, the mechanisms by which they do this remain largely unknown. In this work, we made the hypothesis that a preferential flow of soil moisture occurs in directions which follow the orientation and distribution of roots within the soil, and that this phenomenon alters soil moisture flow patterns.

Methods
We modified Richards’ equation to incorporate root-oriented preferential flow of soil moisture. Using the finite element method and Bayesian optimisation, we developed a pipeline to calibrate our model with respect to a given root system.

Results
When applied to simulated root distributions, our model produced pore-water pressure profiles which agreed with those derived from experimental saturated hydraulic conductivity values of soils vegetated with willow and grass. Agreement improved for simulated root distributions where root segments were oriented in a more realistic way, suggesting that the hydraulic characteristics of vegetated soils are a consequence of root-oriented preferential flow.

Conclusion
By incorporating root-oriented preferential flow, our model improves the ability to describe and analyse water infiltration through vegetated soil. This could help optimise irrigation, forecast flood events and plan landslide prevention strategies.
Investors’ response to the #MeToo movement: does corporate culture matter?
Authors: Billings Mary Brooke , Klein April , Shi Yanting Crystal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that the #MeToo movement revised investors’ beliefs about the costs (benefits) of fostering an exclusive (inclusive) culture, as reflected by the absence (presence of a critical mass) of women directors in the board room. Tracking a timeline of events associated with the #MeToo movement that begin with the Harvey Weinstein exposé in October 2017 in the New York Times, we document contrasting market reactions to the movement depending on the existing culture of the firm. Firms that historically excluded women from their board experienced a negative market response as momentum for the cause increased, whereas investors responded favorably to firms that historically embraced the inclusion of women on their boards. In contrast, we do not detect differences in the market’s response to randomly generated pseudo-events during the same time frame when comparing firms with exclusive and inclusive cultures. In the context of increased regulator attention to board gender diversity, as well as the ESG activist campaigns by large institutional investors, our study documents a shift in investors’ beliefs about the risks associated with sexual misconduct and about the value of having women in the boardroom shaping the culture of the firm.
Designing for a Healthier Indore, India: Participatory Systems Mapping
Authors: Bakhtawar Alsa , Bachani Damodar , Grattan Karen , Goldman Bailey , Mishra Neeraj , Pomeroy-Stevens Amanda 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Indore, India, BHC engaged 247 multi-sector stakeholders through a systems mapping approach to gather qualitative data across three workshops and four citizen town halls from 2018 to 2020. These data were synthesized with results from BHC’s 18 other city activities to build a systems map and identify high-impact areas for engagement. Contextual findings showed a tension at the heart of Indore’s growth—Indore’s great success as a city has spurred rapid population growth. This growth creates pressure on municipal systems as population outpaces service delivery capacity. This is central to the systems map that BHC developed and is expanded upon through additional patterns that fall within four main domains: (1) leadership, governance, and financing; (2) essential service delivery and workforce; (3) information systems; and (4) community infrastructure and education. Stakeholders found three key leverage opportunities within this context that, if included in every action, could help overcome barriers. These opportunities are: (1) improving data quality, use, and integration; (2) supporting accountability to, and enforcement of, policies and regulations; and (3) increasing community engagement. Brought together through a better understanding of the key patterns driving system behavior from the context map and leverage opportunities, BHC was able to co-create, with stakeholders, seven “coherent actions” to move Indore to a healthier, more equitable state. When COVID-19 regulations ease, BHC and city officials will reconvene to finalize an implementation plan for these actions.
Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline 3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino) Coumarin (C6) Thin Films for Optoelectronic Application
Authors: Ebied Mostafa Saad , Dongol Mahmoud , Ibrahim Medhat , Nassary Mohammed , Elnobi Sahar , Abuelwafa Amr Attia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the current work, the structural and optical properties of thermally evaporated 3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino) coumarin [Coumarin 6 (C6)] thin films on a pre-cleaned quartz substrate were studied as a function of the annealing temperature. The influence of annealing on the structural, morphological, and molecular structures was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD and AFM results confirmed that the as-deposited and annealed films have nanostructural features (30.96–45.34 nm). Also, the increase in roughness of the C6 thin film surface resulted from particle agglomeration and coalescence. Optical constants of C6 thin films were derived from the transmittance T(λ) and reflectance, R(λ) measurements in the spectral range of 200–2500 nm. Analysis of the optical absorption coefficient data indicates that the type of electronic transition in these films is an indirect allowed transition. The estimated optical band gap was decreased from 2.12 eV to 2.01 eV as the annealing temperature was increased. Dispersion and dielectric parameters were determined as functions of the annealing temperature. Lastly, nonlinear optical parameters such as the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3) and nonlinear refractive index, n(2) were estimated and influenced by annealing temperature. The optical properties of C6 thin films were showed that C6 thin films would be used in a wide range of photonic applications
Graphical Abstract
Simplified Growth Model for Multicomponent Systems - Inclusion of PARA and NPLE Conditions
Authors: Ågren John , Chen Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA simplified model for the growth of particles in a multicomponent system has been developed. The model takes into account of the effects of cross diffusion and finite interface mobility. It can be applied in a straightforward way to treat precipitation under the conditions of paraequilibrium (PARA) or non-partitioning local equilibrium (NPLE).
The Dark Tetrad, cybervictimization, and cyberbullying: The role of moral disengagement
Authors: Gajda Anna , Moroń Marcin , Królik Michał , Małuch Magdalena , Mraczek Monika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCyberbullying is a form of antisocial online behaviors. Perpetration of intentional and repeated harm inflicted through electronic devices is associated with dark personality traits and may be caused by morally impaired reasoning. In the current study, we investigated the associations between the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism), cybervictimization, and cyberbullying. We also examined the intervening role of moral disengagement in the relationship between the Dark Tetrad and cyberbullying. Two hundred fifty-one adults (72.6% women) participated in an on-line study. Correlational analysis indicated that all dark personality traits were associated with higher cyberbullying and cybervictimization (except narcissism as a predictor of cybervictimization). Moral disengagement was positively related to Machiavellianism, sadism and cybervictimization. Controlled for covariance between the Dark Tetrad traits and cybervictimization, sadism and cybervictimization appeared to be associated with cyberbullying. Moreover, moral disengagement did not account for the associations between the Dark Tetrad and cyberbullying.
Experimental investigation of the anchoring properties of special-shaped cross-section self-drilling bolts
Authors: Peng Ningbo , Hong Jie , Dong Yun , Chen Jiarui , Zhu Ye , Sun Bo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper designed a special-shaped cross-section hollow self-drilling bolt with discharge grooves, in which Mindlin’s solution of displacement was used in the elastic solution of a wholly grouted bolt. Theoretically, the ultimate pulling force and the residual pulling force were analyzed by considering the average distribution assumption of residual stress. The bolts’ performance with 2, 3, and 4 discharge grooves was compared with circular cross-section bolts, which experimental results are consistent with the theoretical results. The ultimate pulling force and the residual pulling force of the special-shaped cross-section bolt improved significantly according to the circular bolt. The bonding properties of special-shaped cross-section bolts present significant difference to circular section bolts. The residual pulling strength was contributed both by the bar-grout and grout-grout frictions. Upgrading the grout strength may further enhance the pulling strength of special-shaped cross-section bolts.
Study of strontium-doped tricalcium silicate/hydroxyapatite composite cement prepared through sol–gel process
Authors: Thirumurugan Senthilkumar , Lin Yu-Chien , Lin Guan-Yi , Fan Kuei-Sheng , Liang Yung-He , Kuo Yi-Jie , Chung Ren-Jei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA composite cement made of strontium containing tricalcium silicate and hydroxyapatite (SrC3S/HAp) was prepared and studied through a two-stage sol–gel method. The elemental components are 75 wt% of strontium-doped tricalcium silicate (SrC3S) and 25 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HAp). According to previous studies, the SrC3S has good mechanical properties and hydraulic conductivity, and the HAp has good biocompatibility. Therefore, the 75SrC3S-25HAp powder with 10 wt% of NaH2PO4 solution was mixed to prepare the slurry material. This slurry was measured for the working time and setting time at 37 °C under saturated vapor pressure. The material properties were evaluated in terms of crystal structures, surface morphologies, and mechanical properties. The in vitro testing was conducted to determine the ion release rate and curing behavior under a simulated body fluid environment. Finally, the L929 murine fibroblast cells were cultured to study the biocompatibility of the material. The results indicated that the operating time was 15.2 min, and the setting time was 43.6 min. After being soaked into simulated body fluid for14 days of the experiment, the compressive strength of 75SrC3S-25HAp remained 22.1 MPa, and the release of calcium and strontium ions was 501.4 ppm and 49.5 ppm, respectively. The cell viabilities were higher than 70% in various concentrations. These results suggest the 75SrC3S-25HAp has excellent potential for bone cement application.
Disentangling Different Aspects of Between-Item Similarity Unveils Evidence Against the Ensemble Model of Lineup Memory
Authors: Meyer-Grant Constantin G. , Klauer Karl Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor modeling recognition decisions in a typical eyewitness identification lineup task with multiple simultaneously presented test stimuli (also known as simultaneous detection and identification), essentially two different models based on signal detection theory are currently under consideration. These two models mainly differ with respect to their assumptions regarding the interplay between the memory signals of different stimuli presented in the same lineup. The independent observations model (IOM), on the one hand, assumes that the memory signal of each simultaneously presented test stimulus is separately assessed by the decision-maker, whereas the ensemble model (EM), on the other hand, assumes that each of these memory signals is first compared with and then assessed relative to its respective context (i.e., the memory signals of the other stimuli within the same lineup). Here, we discuss some reasons why comparing confidence ratings between trials with and without a dud (i.e., a lure with no systematic resemblance to the target) in an otherwise fair lineup—results of which have been interpreted as evidence in favor of the EM—is in fact inconclusive for differentiating between the EM and the IOM. However, the lack of diagnostic value hinges on the fact that in these experiments two aspects of between-item similarity (viz. old–new and within-lineup similarity) are perfectly confounded. Indeed, if separately manipulating old–new similarity, we demonstrate that EM and IOM make distinct predictions. Following this, we show that previously published data are inconsistent with the predictions made by the EM.
Expansivity and strong structural stability for composition operators on $$L^p$$ spaces
Authors: Maiuriello Martina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this note, we investigate the two notions of expansivity and strong structural stability for composition operators on $$L^p$$

L
p

spaces, $$1\le p < \infty$$

1
≤
p
<
∞

. Necessary and sufficient conditions for such operators to be expansive are provided, both in the general and the dissipative case. We also show that, in the dissipative setting, the shadowing property implies the strong structural stability and we prove that these two notions are equivalent under the extra hypothesis of positive expansivity.
Recent advances in modeling turbulent wind flow at pedestrian-level in the built environment
Authors: Zhong Jiading , Liu Jianlin , Zhao Yongling , Niu Jianlei , Carmeliet Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPressing problems in urban ventilation and thermal comfort affecting pedestrians related to current urban development and densification are increasingly dealt with from the perspective of climate change adaptation strategies. In recent research efforts, the prime objective is to accurately assess pedestrian-level wind (PLW) environments by using different simulation approaches that have reasonable computational time. This review aims to provide insights into the most recent PLW studies that use both established and data-driven simulation approaches during the last 5 years, covering 215 articles using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and typical data-driven models. We observe that steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (SRANS) simulations are still the most dominantly used approach. Due to the model uncertainty embedded in the SRANS approach, a sensitivity test is recommended as a remedial measure for using SRANS. Another noted thriving trend is conducting unsteady-state simulations using high-efficiency methods. Specifically, both the massively parallelized large-eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid LES-RANS offer high computational efficiency and accuracy. While data-driven models are in general believed to be more computationally efficient in predicting PLW dynamics, they in fact still call for substantial computational resources and efforts if the time for development, training and validation of a data-driven model is taken into account. The synthesized understanding of these modeling approaches is expected to facilitate the choosing of proper simulation approaches for PLW environment studies, to ultimately serving urban planning and building designs with respect to pedestrian comfort and urban ventilation assessment.
Enhancing the take-off performance of hypersonic vehicles using the improved chimp optimisation algorithm
Authors: Zhang X. , Yan J. , Liu S. , Yan B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe performance of hypersonic vehicles in the take-off stage considerably influences their capability of accomplishing the flight tasks. This study is aimed at enhancing the take-off performance of a cruise aircraft using the improved chimp optimisation algorithm. The proposed algorithm, which uses the Sobol sequence for initial population generation and a function of the weight factors, can effectively overcome the problems of premature convergence and low accuracy of the original algorithm. In particular, the Sobol sequence aims to obtain a better fitness value in the first iteration, and the weight factor aims to accelerate the convergence speed and avoid the local optimal solution. The take-off mass model of the hypersonic vehicle is constructed considering the flight data obtained using the pseudo-spectral method in the climb phase. Simulations are performed to evaluate the algorithm performance, and the results show that the algorithm can rapidly and stably optimise the benchmark function. Compared to the original algorithm, the proposed algorithm requires 28.89% less optimisation time and yields an optimised take-off mass that is 1.72kg smaller.
The Metaphorical Use of Body Parts in Forming Counting expressions: Evidence from Tāti Language Group
Authors: Sabzalipur Jahandust , Izadifar Raheleh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMathematics is a particularly important challenge for embodied approaches to cognition, as it is probably the most abstract domain of human knowledge. Humans use metaphors in all aspects of life. This paper studies the effects of human body parts on numerals, numeral systems, and mensural and sortal classifiers. The evidence for this paper comes from the Tāti language group, an endangered Iranian language of the Indo-European language family. The Tāti data shows these languages make use of base-10, base-20, and base-50 numeral systems, some of which are among the most common and earliest counting systems worldwide, while the last is unique and peculiar to the area. Body parts may also play an important role in forming mensural and sortal classifiers, as is the case in the Tāti language group.
Legitimizing the Separatist Cause: Nation-building in the Eurasiande factoStates
Authors: Dembińska Magdalena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article compares the nation-building processes in four well-established Eurasiande factostates. Although all four pursue a set of identity politics that would legitimize the separatist cause, comparing them reveals important differences in boundary-making strategies. While maintaining the image of the enemy parent-state and of an imminent external threat is a common endeavor, they face different challenges and thus have pursued different strategies of identity-building. Transnistria and Abkhazia are two ethnically heterogeneous entities while Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia are more homogeneous since (forced) displacements, mostly of non-titular ethnicities, took place. The Abkhazs, Ossetians, and Armenians claim titular status in their respective regions, but only the latter two have kin in neighboring countries with whom they want to unify. Meanwhile, the “Transnistrian people” is a newly invented construct. Despite their lack of international recognition, the article demonstrates that – apart from a special emphasis on cultivating the image of the “enemy parent-state” – the nation-building mechanisms in the de facto states do not substantially differ from the processes at work in other post-Soviet states presented in this Special Issue.
A -SUPERCONGRUENCE MODULO THE THIRD POWER OF A CYCLOTOMIC POLYNOMIAL
Authors: WEI CHUANAN 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe derive a q-supercongruence modulo the third power of a cyclotomic polynomial with the help of Guo and Zudilin’s method of creative microscoping [‘A q-microscope for supercongruences’, Adv. Math.346 (2019), 329–358] and the q-Dixon formula. As consequences, we give several supercongruences including
$$ \begin{align*}\sum_{k=0}^{(p-2)/3}\frac{(\frac{2}{3})_k^3}{(1)_k^3}\equiv\frac{p}{2}\frac{(1)_{(p-2)/3}}{(\frac{4}{3})_{(p-2)/3}}\pmod{p^3},\end{align*} $$
where p is a prime with
$p\equiv 5\pmod {6}$
.
Timing of gestational weight gain in association with birth weight outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Lixia , Chen Xi , Zhong Chunrong , Huang Li , Li Qian , Zhang Xu , Wu Meng , Wang Huanzhuo , Yang Sen , Cao Xiyu , Xiong Guoping , Sun Guoqiang , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Yang Nianhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaternal gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important determinant of infant birth weight, and having adequate total GWG has been widely recommended. However, the association of timing of GWG with birth weight remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate this association, especially among women with adequate total GWG. In a prospective cohort study, pregnant women’s weight was routinely measured during pregnancy, and their GWG was calculated for the ten intervals: the first 13, 14–18, 19–23, 24–28, 29–30, 31–32, 33–34, 35–36, 37–38 and 39–40 weeks. Birth weight was measured, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age were assessed. Generalized linear and Poisson models were used to evaluate the associations of GWG with birth weight and its outcomes after multivariate adjustment, respectively. Of the 5049 women, increased GWG in the first 30 weeks was associated with increased birth weight for male infants, and increased GWG in the first 28 weeks was associated with increased birth weight for females. Among 1713 women with adequate total GWG, increased GWG percent between 14 and 23 weeks was associated with increased birth weight. Moreover, inadequate GWG between 14 and 23 weeks, compared with the adequate GWG, was associated with an increased risk of SGA (43 (13·7 %) v. 42 (7·2 %); relative risk 1·83, 95 % CI 1·21, 2·76). Timing of GWG may influence infant birth weight differentially, and women with inadequate GWG between 14 and 23 weeks may be at higher risk of delivering SGA infants, despite having adequate total GWG.