bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising Malaria Control Interventions in Mali Based on Epidemiological Surveillance and Rainfall Data
Authors: Mady Cissoko , CISSOKO Mady , Sagara Issaka , Landier Jordi , Guindo Abdoulaye , Sanogo Vincent , Coulibaly Oumou Yacouba , Dembélé Pascal , Dieng Sohkna , Stephane Cedric Batio , Diarra Issa , Magassa Mahamadou H. , Berthé Ibrahima , Katilé Abdoulaye , Traoré Diahara , Dessay Nadine , Gaudart Jean 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background In malaria endemic countries, control interventions are performed during the high malaria transmission season using epidemiological surveillance data. One such intervention, seasonal chemoprevention (SMC), consists of the monthly administration of antimalarial drugs to children under 5 years. This study proposes an anticipating approach for adapting the timing of SMC interventions in Mali and the number of rounds. Our primary objective was to select the best approach for anticipating the onset of the high transmission season in the different health districts of Mali based on epidemiological surveillance and rainfall data. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the number of malaria cases, hospitalisations, and deaths in children under 5 years that could be prevented in Mali using the selected approach and the additional cost associated.Method Confirmed malaria cases and weekly rainfall data were collected for the 75 health districts of Mali for the 2014-2019 period. The onset of the rainy season, the onset of the high transmission season, the lag between these two events and the duration of the high transmission season were determined for each health district. Two approaches for anticipating the onset of the high transmission season in 2019 were evaluated. Results In 2014-2019, the onset of the rainy season ranged from W17 April to W34 August and that of the high transmission season from W25 June to W40 September. The lag between these two events ranged from 5 to 12 weeks. The duration of the high transmission season ranged from 3 to 6 months. The best approach anticipated the onset of the high transmission season 2019 in June in 2 districts, July in 46 districts, August in 21 districts and September in 6 districts. Using this approach over the 2014-2019 period would have led to changing the timing of SMC interventions in 36 health districts and would have prevented 43,819 cases, 1,943 hospitalisations and 70 deaths in children under 5 years. The additional cost of using our proposed approach is less than 5% of the current approach. Conclusion Adapting the timing of SMC interventions using our proposed approach would improve the prevention of malaria cases, hospitalisations, and deaths for a reasonable additional cost.
Association between the number of visits during prenatal care and the occurrence of low birth weight in the United States
Authors: Guezo Noelie Marie Aurore , Shayesteh Jahanfar , Inungu Joseph , Ebeh Dandison Nat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) is one of the major child and infant health issues in the United States, standing as one of the main causes of child and infant mortality. While the importance of prenatal visits regarding pregnancy outcomes is recognized, its relationship with birth weight is still a matter of debate.ObjectivesThis study examines the relationship between the number of prenatal visits and low birth weight among children born in the United States in 2017.Study designData from the CDCs Online Birth Databases are used for this study. 3,864,754 registered children born in the U.S. in 2017 are included in the analyses. The databases also include information on maternal characteristics, pregnancy history and prenatal care characteristics, pregnancy risk factors, delivery characteristics, and infant characteristics. The outcome variable is low birth weight, defined as weight at birth lower than 2500 grams. The independent variable is the number of prenatal visits grouped in three categories (no visit, 10 visits or less, and more than 10 visits. Confounding and covariates include prematurity and plurality among others. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used, reporting unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsData from the CDCs Online Birth Databases are used for this study. 3,864,754 registered children born in the U.S. in 2017 are included in the analyses. The databases also include information on maternal characteristics, pregnancy history and prenatal care characteristics, pregnancy risk factors, delivery characteristics, and infant characteristics. The outcome variable is low birth weight, defined as weight at birth lower than 2500 grams. The independent variable is the number of prenatal visits grouped in three categories (no visit, 10 visits or less, and more than 10 visits. Confounding and covariates include prematurity and plurality among others. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used, reporting unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. ConclusionThis study reveals that the number of prenatal visits has an inverse relationship with low birth weight, even when confounding and other factors are accounted for. These findings are compatible with the notion that the more a woman goes for prenatal visits, the more likely it is to detect risks of negative pregnancy outcomes.
Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Care COVID-19 Patients on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: The Potential Preventive Role of Dexamethasone
Authors: Vega Olynka Vega 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background.

A high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in COVID-19 patients in critical care units and those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The introduction of dexamethasone as treatment for severe COVID-19 has improved mortality, but its effects in other organs remain under study.
Methods.

In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of AKI in critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and the association of dexamethasone treatment with the incidence, severity, and outcomes of AKI. The association between dexamethasone treatment and AKI was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The association of the combination of dexamethasone treatment and AKI on mortality was evaluated by Cox-regression analysis.
Results.

We included 552 patients. AKI was diagnosed in 311 (56%), of which 196 (63%) corresponded to severe (stage 2 or 3) AKI, and 46 (14.8%) received renal replacement therapy (RRT). Two hundred and sixty-seven (48%) patients were treated with dexamethasone. This treatment was associated to lower incidence of AKI (OR 0.34, 95%CI 0.22-0.52, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, body mass index, laboratory parameters, SOFA score, and vasopressor use. Dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced mortality in patients with severe AKI (HR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41-0.96, p=0.032).
Conclusions.

The incidence of AKI is high in COVID-19 patients under IMV. Dexamethasone treatment is associated with a lower incidence of AKI and a lower mortality in the group with severe AKI.
Relevance of Informal Arts Education on Formal Visual Arts Education in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ibenegbu Christopher Ifeanyi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The existence of informal arts education centres has raised a lot of controversy in arts education and practice in Nigeria. Often people do not regard the products of these informal arts centres as artists. They regard them as artisans even though most of them are being trained by formal artists and are being imbibed by their artistic traditions. It is, therefore, pertinent to investigate these informal arts centres and assess their existence and their influence on formal arts centres. This study was, therefore, designed to explore the assessment of informal arts education and its influence on formal art education in southeast Nigeria. The research questions were on the: educational relevance of informal arts education on formal art education, the influence of arts education on formal art education and on whether informal and formal art education can co-exist. The questionnaire was used to elicit vital information from the respondents. The findings revealed that the existence of informal arts education is relevant to formal art education, informal arts education influences formal art education and informal arts education can co-exist with formal art education. The paper recommended that the Ministries of Education should encourage and ensure that the formal art schools and informal arts centres co-exist.
Effect of Folic Acid Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles in Treatment of RA like Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats.
Authors: Elbeialy Adel Abbas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Nanomedicine has become one of the promising research areas, opening new horizons in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of nanomedicine for combating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune arthritis. RA is characterized by progressive inflammation and persistent synovitis, leading to joint destruction, functional incapability, and ultimately disability. Although there has been a tremendous evolution in disease assess­ment and treatment, many patients still fail to attain remission. Therefore, developing new drugs that specifically target inflamed joints and simultaneously attenuate other possible damages to healthy tissues is indispensable. This study was done to evaluate the potential of folic acid conjugated silver nanoparticles (FA-AgNPs) as RA therapy.Methods: In the CFA-arthritic rat model, FA-AgNPs & methotrexate were administered for 8 consecutive weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measuring paw volume, ESR, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. For safety concerns, CBC, liver, and renal function tests were evaluated. Joints histological assessment was also carried out.Results: FA-AgNPs significantly reduced paw volume, paw weight, ESR, CRP, RF, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels compared with arthritic non-treated rats, demonstrating good anti-inflammatory activity. Likewise, histology of tarsal joints depicted comparatively lesser inflammatory cellular infiltration and diminished cartilage erosions. Methotrexate displayed comparable results. In contrast to methotrexate, FA-AgNPs showed normal CBC & significantly improved liver and renal function tests. Conclusion: FA-AgNPs exhibited substantial anti-arthritic activity. This notable anti-arthritic potential of FA-AgNPs was as good as the current standard treatment of MTX with higher biosafety.
A Viscous Velocity Potential/Stream Function
Authors: Amoloye Taofiq O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The motion of fluids presents interesting phenomena including flow separation, wakes, turbulence etc. The physics of these are enshrined in the continuity equation and the NSE. Therefore, their studies are important in mathematics and physics. They also have engineering applications. These studies can either be carried out experimentally, numerically, or theoretically. Theoretical studies using classical potential theory (CPT) have some gaps when compared to experiments. The present publication is part of a series introducing refined potential (RPT) that bridges these gaps. It leverages experimental observations, physical deductions and the match between CPT and experimentally observed flows in the theoretical development. It analytically imitates the numerical source/vortex panel method to describe how wall bounded eddies in a three-dimensional cylinder crossflow are linked to the detached wake eddies. Unlike discrete and arbitrary vortices/sources on the cylinder surface whose strengths are numerically determined in the panel method, the vortices/sources/sinks in RPT are mutually concentric and continuously distributed on the cylinder surface. Their strengths are analytically determined from CPT using physical deductions starting from Reynolds number dependence. This study results in the incompressible Kwasu function which is a Eulerian velocity potential/stream function that captures vorticity, boundary layer, shed wake vortices, three-dimensional effects, and turbulence. This Eulerian Kwasu function also theorizes streaklines. The Lagrangian form of the function is further exploited to obtain flow pathlines.
WITHDRAWN: Curved, Expanded, Inclined and Mirror-Symmetric Diffraction Patterns of 2D-Cross-Grating--- Rotating Grating Around Three Axes (2)
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The orientation-dependence of the interference/diffraction patterns of the 1D-double slit/1D- grating and 2D-cross-double slit/2D-cross-grating experiments have been studied experimentally and theoretically. However, the above experiments were limited to certain orientations, namely rotating around either one axis or two axes. In this article, the 3-axis-rotation apparatus is introduced, which can rotate CW and CCW the 1D-double slit/2D-cross-double slit and 1D-grating/2D-cross-grating, respectively, 00-3600 around three axes independently and sequentially. By this apparatus, the orientation-dependence of the diffraction patterns is systematically studied. The experiments are performed straightforwardly and intuitively. We show the mirror-symmetry of the diffraction patterns of the 2D-cross-grating for certain orientations. Then we show that the photons, before landing on the detector/screen, behave as particles. The above observed phenomena provide the comprehensive information to theoretical study of the double slit/cross-grating experiments. We suggest that the complete mathematical model should contain three rotation angles as parameters. Furthermore, the phenomena have potential applications.
Characteristics and nomogram for primary lung lepidic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Hui , Wang Yingyi , Bai Chunmei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Lepidic adenocarcinoma (LPA) is an infrequent subtype of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC). However, the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of LPA have not been elucidated.Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of 4087 LPA patients were retrospectively analyzed and compared with non-LPA pulmonary ADC to explore the clinicopathological and prognosis features of LPA. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were performed to identify independent survival predictors for further nomogram development. The nomograms were validated by using the concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration plots, as well as decision curve analysis, in both the training and validation cohorts.Results: Compared with non-LPA pulmonary ADC patients, those with LPA exhibited unique clinicopathological features, including more elderly and female patients, smaller tumor size, less pleural invasion, and lower histological grade and stage. Multivariate analyses showed that age, sex, marital status, primary tumor size, pleural invasion, histological grade, stage, primary tumor surgery, and chemotherapy were independently associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with LPA, while race was the only independent prognostic factor for OS, not for CSS. The nomograms showed good accuracy compared with the actual observed results and demonstrated improved prognostic capacity compared with TNM stage.Conclusions: Patients with LPA are more likely to be older and female. Smaller tumor size, lower histological grade and stage are the clinicopathological features of LPA, which may indicate a good prognosis. The constructed nomograms accurately predict the long-term survival of LPA patients.
HULTIG-C: NLP Corpus and Services in the Cloud
Authors: Pais Sebastião , Cordeiro João , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of language corpora for many purposes has increased significantly. General corpora exist for numerous languages, but research often needs more specialized corpora. The Web’s rapid growth has significantly improved access to thousands of online documents, highly specialized texts and comparable texts on the same subject covering several languages in electronic form. However, research has continued to concentrate on corpus annotation instead of corpus creation tools. Consequently, many researchers create their corpora, independently solve problems, and generate project-specific systems. The corpus construction is used for many NLP applications, including machine translation, information retrieval, and question-answering. This paper presents a new NLP Corpus and Services in the Cloud called HULTIG-C. HULTIG-C is characterized by various languages that include unique annotations such as keywords set, sentences set, named entity recognition set, and multiword set. Moreover, a framework incorporates the main components for license detection, language identification, boilerplate removal and document deduplication to process the HULTIG-C. Furthermore, this paper presents some potential issues related to constructing multilingual corpora from the Web.
Effect of precipitation and sediment concentration on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Pasikhan River
Authors: Ebrahimi Eisa , Asadi Hossein , Rahmani Mohammad , Farhangi Mohammad Bagher , Ashrafzadeh Afshin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic factors influence the entry of pollutants into surface waters and their accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate precipitation and sediment concentration on the outflow of different forms of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in three primary land-use types along the Pasikhan River, the biggest river entering the Anzali Wetland in the Southern Caspian sea. Water sampling was performed on a monthly basis during the time bracket of 2017–2018. Different forms of P including total, soluble, particulate, total reactive, and dissolved reactive, and total Kjeldahl N, soluble N, particulate N, and were determined in the water samples. Total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen contents lay within the range of 2.2–4.7 and from 0.14 to 0.33 mg l−1, respectively, downstream of the river. The highest monthly outflow of P from the watershed at the Agriculture station was recorded in October. Substantial conformity was found between the monthly trends of and and the trend of precipitation. The results indicated that sediment load intensified after an increase in the rainfall rate, leading to elevated N and P concentrations in the river water, mainly as particulate phosphorus and soluble nitrogen. It can also be inferred from the result that the concentration of N and P is directly related to the sediment concentration increase due to the rainfall. Increasing levels of nutrients such as N and P in the Pasikhan River can cause eutrophication in the Anzali Wetland, which needs conservative measures for reducing these elements' dynamic in the watershed.
SPECIFICATION A MODEL FOR STUDY OF POLITICAL RATIONALITY
Authors: Garcí­a Lirios Cruz 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this document has been to conceptually analyze Sustainable Development. In this sense, seven concepts were chosen, based on their similarities and differences, to interpret the nature-society relationship in terms of the equitable availability of resources between species and generations. This conceptual analysis of Sustainable Development will allow us to glimpse theories, diagnoses and interventions to promote rational lifestyles favorable to the conservation of the environment.
Can the Incorporation of Different Concentrations of Buriti ( Mauritia flexuosa
) Oil Change the Rheological Properties of Filmogenic Solutions? A
Factorial Experimental Design Approach
Authors: Costa Danusa Silva da , Takeuchi Katiuchia Pereira , Silva Richard Marins da , Egea Mariana Buranelo , Plácido Geovana Rocha 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) oil has high economic potential because it contains
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with high antioxidant potential and high
carotenoid content, making it an excellent source of pro-vitamin A.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to evaluate the rheological properties of filmogenic solutions
incorporated with different buriti oil concentrations.

Methods:
Buriti oil (0.15 to 0.45% w/v) and emulsifier (Tween®20) (0.02 to 0.04% w/v) were combined
using a factorial experimental design 22 with 3 central points for the preparation of filmogenic
solutions with cassava starch (3%, w/v) and glycerol (0.06%, w/v). Rheological properties,
static and centrifugation emulsion stabilities, and pH value of filmogenic solutions were evaluated.

Results:
Filmogenic solutions with lower emulsifier concentration showed increased flow resistance
and non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behavior (n<1). Central point formulation (E, F, and
G) remained stable (no particle agglomeration) throughout the test period, as well as pH value
close to neutrality. In centrifugation stability index at 3500 rpm, only formulation C did not show
phase separation.

Conclusion:
It was possible to develop a mixture of a filmogenic solution containing buriti oil that
could be applied as an eco-friendly coating in food.
Clinical Implications of Cancer Related Inflammation and Depression: A Critical Review
Authors: McFarland Daniel C. , Riba Michelle , Grassi Luigi 
Published: January 2022

Background:Neuropsychiatric symptoms are problematic in cancer settings. In addition to poor quality of life, depression is associated with worsened survival. Patients who develop depression that responds to treatment have the same cancer-related survival as those patients who never had depression. Although depression in patients with cancer is common, it is often unrecognized, untreated, or at best, undertreated. There remains untapped potential for underlying cancer-related biology associated with depression to help clinicians correctly identify depressed cancer patients and orchestrate appropriate treatments to address cancer-related depression. Biologically, inflammation has been most vigorously described in its association with depression in otherwise healthy patients and to a significant extent in patients with medical illness. This association is especially relevant to patients with cancer since so many aspects of cancer induce inflammation. In addition to cancer itself, its treatments (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and systemic therapies) and associated factors (e.g., smoking, obesity, aging) are all associated with increased inflammation that can drive immunological changes in the brain followed by depression. This critical review investigates the relationship between depression and cancer-related inflammation. It investigates several hypotheses that support these relationships in cancer patients. Special attention is given to the data that support certain inflammatory markers specific to both cancer and depression, the neurobiological mechanisms by which inflammation can impact neurotransmitters and neurocircuits in the brain, and the data addressing interventions that reduce inflammation and depression in cancer patients, and future directions.