bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of land use change on inter‐species and intra‐guild trophic interactions of fish communities in tropical headwater streams
Authors: da Silva Reis Andressa , Bunn Stuart E. , Pilz Albrecht Míriam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems are subjected to a broad range of anthropogenic threats. Understanding the responses of aquatic biota to these threats and identifying potential mitigating actions presents a major challenge for ecologists and natural resource managers. Here, we investigated the responses of fish communities to land use change at different scales.

We assessed patterns of food web structure of fish across a gradient of human impacts in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion of southeast Brazil. We analysed stomach contents of fish and evaluated the response of five food web metrics to variation in land use change. We also calculated four metrics for intra‐guild comparisons in the omnivore, insectivore, and algivore–insectivore guilds.

The proportional abundance of omnivores increased as temperature increased and canopy cover decreased. Food web specialisation decreased in deforested streams with higher nutrient input, suggesting higher resource sharing by those fish communities. Fish in the algivore–insectivore guild consumed fewer types of macroinvertebrates in streams with low canopy cover. The opposite pattern was observed within the insectivore guild with individuals consuming a larger variety of prey in impacted streams.

Deforestation, and increases in water temperature and nutrient input, influenced inter‐species and intra‐guild trophic interactions in fish communities in these Atlantic Forest streams, even though the richness of fish community and composition of intra‐guild species remained unchanged. Some food web metrics were sensitive to the direct and indirect effects of disturbance on these fish communities.

Our study has shown that assessments of trophic interactions can detect the effects of land‐use disturbance on fish communities that may not be evident from simple measures of species richness and composition. This approach provides direct insights into the functional integrity of fish communities and should be considered for monitoring the success of programmes aimed to protect and, where necessary, restore freshwater ecosystems.
Brand royalty flows within large business groups: The effect of holding company structure and related party transactions committees
Authors: Cho Seunghyun , Pae Jinhan , Yoo Choong‐Yuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the intragroup flows of brand royalties within large Korean business groups, known as chaebols. We find that member firms pay a greater amount of brand royalties when the business groups they are part of adopt a holding company governance structure, consistent with the bitter denunciation that chaebols transfer wealth from member firms to holding companies over which they have direct control. However, member firms pay a smaller amount of brand royalties when their related‐party transactions (RPTs) are monitored by a designated RPT committee on the board of directors. The results show that monitoring RPTs is effective in mitigating the alleged unethical wealth transfer through excessive brand royalties within large business groups. Our study adds to the literature on RPTs by shedding new light on brand royalty, specifically by illustrating how intragroup brand royalties are determined and charged to member firms, and by introducing the RPT committees as a new internal governance mechanism to discourage abusive RPTs.
Symmetry in the Delegation of Power as a Legitimacy Criterion
Authors: Fjørtoft Trym Nohr , Sandven Hallvard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe EU's power is expanding, calling for reassessments of its normative legitimacy. This article proposes a novel criterion for assessing the EU's legitimacy: symmetry in the delegation of power. We illustrate the usefulness of this criterion through an analysis of the European border regime. Existing analyses of the border regime have tended to dismiss it as weak and intergovernmental. We show, to the contrary, that it is both strong and weak. The EU wields significant power in border control but lacks power altogether in immigration policy. This asymmetry has rendered the EU incapable of discharging the moral responsibilities that arise in migration control, posing a novel legitimacy challenge. Finally, we argue that the symmetry criterion generalizes and can shed light on the EU's legitimacy beyond the area of migration.
Combined high NEDD9 expression and E‐cadherin loss correlate with poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer
Authors: Im Soyoung , Cho Yu Kyung , Kang Donghoon , Shin Ga‐Yeong , Jung Eun Sun , Song Kyo Young , Lee Sung Hak , Park Jae Myung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimNeural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) is a member of the Cas family. Previous studies have revealed that NEDD9 coordinates the focal adhesion kinase and Src signaling cascades that are involved in integrin‐dependent adhesion and migration, invasion, cell apoptosis and life cycle, and survival, which may play a role in epithelial–mesenchymal transformation. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of NEDD9 and E‐cadherin in gastric cancer (GC) and evaluate their clinical significance.MethodsNEDD9 and E‐cadherin expression was analyzed with immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray technique in 435 GC patients who underwent gastrectomy. The NEDD9 expression level was defined by the combination score, which was determined by multiplying the staining intensity score and the proportion score (≥5; NEDD9‐high, <5; NEDD9‐low). E‐cadherin loss was defined as a total loss of staining. The clinicopathologic parameters, overall survival, and disease‐free survival rates were analyzed according to the NEDD9 and E‐cadherin expression status.ResultsThe combined NEDD9 and E‐cadherin expression status correlated with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.001), vascular invasion (P = 0.020), and T stage (P = 0.001). Combined high NEDD9 expression and loss of E‐cadherin expression status had a worse overall survival rate (P < 0.001) and served as a poor prognostic factor (Hazard ratio 2.49, 95% CI 1.25–5, P = 0.01).ConclusionsImmunohistochemical staining for NEDD9 and E‐cadherin may function as a candidate prognostic marker for gastric cancer in everyday practice, especially when applied in combination.
Anticholinergic co‐prescribing in nursing home residents using cholinesterase inhibitors: Potential deprescribing cascade
Authors: Gromek Kimberly R. , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Aspinall Sherrie L. , Hanson Laura C. , Niznik Joshua D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy may result from inappropriate prescribing of medications to treat adverse drug reactions (ADRs), i.e., “prescribing cascade.” A potentially harmful prescribing cascade affecting those with severe dementia can result when anticholinergics are prescribed to manage side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). We investigated 1) factors associated with co‐prescribing of anticholinergics and ChEIs and 2) whether discontinuation of ChEIs was associated with subsequent discontinuation of anticholinergics—a potentially beneficial reversal or “deprescribing cascade.”MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of linked Medicare Part A/B/D claims, Master Beneficiary Summary File, Minimum Data Set, Area Health Resource File, and Nursing Home Compare from 2015 to 2016. Subjects were Medicare beneficiaries residing in nursing homes, ≥65 years old with severe dementia admitted for non‐skilled stays, who were prescribed ChEIs. Cross‐sectional analysis evaluated factors associated with co‐prescribing of anticholinergics with ChEIs. Longitudinal Cox proportional hazards regression examined whether discontinuation of ChEIs was associated with subsequent discontinuation of anticholinergics over a 1‐year period.ResultsWe found 15% of our sample experienced co‐prescribing of anticholinergics and ChEIs. Several resident and facility‐level factors were associated with co‐prescribing anticholinergics. Advancing age, minority race or ethnicity, end‐stage renal disease, heart failure, and poor appetite were associated with a decreased likelihood of co‐prescribing. Female sex, polypharmacy, and non‐geriatric prescriber‐type were associated with a higher likelihood of co‐prescribing. In longitudinal analyses, we observed that discontinuation of ChEIs was associated with a reduced likelihood (HR 0.58 [95% CI, 0.47–0.71]) of discontinuing any medications with anticholinergic properties, except for bladder antimuscarinics (HR 1.32 [95% CI, 0.83–2.09]).ConclusionsYounger, healthier older adults with dementia were more likely to experience co‐prescribing anticholinergics and ChEIs. Discontinuation of anticholinergics was infrequent. Further research is needed to understand prescribers' ability to recognize and reverse potential prescribing cascades through deprescribing.
Anatomically grounded estimation of hindlimb muscle sizes in Archosauria
Authors: Cuff Andrew R. , Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , Bishop Peter J. , Michel Krijn B. , Gaignet Raphäelle , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn vertebrates, active movement is driven by muscle forces acting on bones, either directly or through tendinous insertions. There has been much debate over how muscle size and force are reflected by the muscular attachment areas (AAs). Here we investigate the relationship between the physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), a proxy for the force production of the muscle, and the AA of hindlimb muscles in Nile crocodiles and five bird species. The limbs were held in a fixed position whilst blunt dissection was carried out to isolate the individual muscles. AAs were digitised using a point digitiser, before the muscle was removed from the bone. Muscles were then further dissected and fibre architecture was measured, and PCSA calculated. The raw measures, as well as the ratio of PCSA to AA, were studied and compared for intra‐observer error as well as intra‐ and interspecies differences. We found large variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA both within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are conserved within individual species, whether this was Nile crocodiles or tinamou. Whilst a discriminant analysis was able to separate crocodylian and avian muscle data, the ratios for AA to cross‐sectional area for all species and most muscles can be represented by a single equation. The remaining muscles have specific equations to represent their scaling, but equations often have a relatively high success at predicting the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA. We then digitised the muscle AAs of Coelophysis bauri, a dinosaur, to estimate the PCSAs and therefore maximal isometric muscle forces. The results are somewhat consistent with other methods for estimating force production, and suggest that, at least for some archosaurian muscles, that it is possible to use muscle AA to estimate muscle sizes. This method is complementary to other methods such as digital volumetric modelling.
Potential application of natural bioactive compounds as skin‐whitening agents: A review
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yang Anquan , Wang Jing , Huang Dan , Deng Yankang , Zhang Xiaoli , Qu Qingli , Ma Wenjing , Xiong Ranhua , Zhu Miaomiao , Huang Chaobo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelanin is a skin pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. The accumulation or over production of melanin can lead to aesthetic problems as well as serious diseases associated with hyperpigmentation. Skin lightening is described as the procedure of using natural or synthetic products to lighten the skin tone or provide an even skin complexion by reducing the amount of melanin in the skin; therefore, skin lightening products help people to treat their skin problems. Ingredients such as hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, and retinoic acid were used as whitening agents to lighten the skin. However, they have many adverse effects on the skin and body health, such as skin irritation.AimIn this review, firstly, discuss on the directly/indirectly target melanogenesis‐related signal pathways. Secondly, summarize potential natural bioactive ingredients with skin lightening properties from plants, marine organisms, microorganisms. Finally, the remaining problems and future challenges are also discussed.MethodsFor relevant literature, a literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and Web of Science. Natural bioactive compounds, tyrosinase inhibitors, and other related topics were researched and evaluated.ResultsNatural products isolated from plant and animal resources are potential active cosmetic candidates for lightening the skin tone and skin whitening and protection against UV irradiation. Natural bioactive ingredients as cosmetic whitening additives have attracted increasingly attention due to their safety and cost effectiveness, with few side effects.ConclusionAlthough natural active substances have been advocated for use in whitening cosmetics in recent years, there are still many challenges due to the fact that traditional inhibitors are used perennial in cosmetics which cannot be easily changed and the research on natural active substances is still in its infancy. In the future, by improving the extraction technique of natural extracts, it is achieved to give a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients of the extracts, to determine the effect of the active components of action, and to find the substances that have the best possible whitening effect in natural organisms.
An Institutional Approach to Alterity: Thinking Love in Levinas and Hegel
Authors: DiBona Christopher D. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTEmmanuel Levinas's early work inaugurated a tradition of thinking about alterity as at odds with generalized forms of knowledge that characterize political institutions. However, in his later work Levinas broaches but leaves underdeveloped the provocative idea that institutional modes of reasoning can provide a welcome home for alterity if they follow the wisdom of love. Against this backdrop, I argue that reading G. W. F. Hegel's early writings on neighbor love alongside his mature philosophy of the state offers us important resources for articulating an institutional approach to alterity that offers a compelling solution to Levinas's concern with letting the other(s) be seen by institutions in a non‐totalizing manner. Across his early writings, Hegel positions love as the vehicle through which one comes to be at home in the institutions of one's community and the vehicle through which one can revise and expand the institutions of one's community in novel ways. My aim is to demonstrate that Hegel's early account of love provides an indispensable blueprint for understanding his mature account of the relation between the individual qua infinitely unique and modern political institutions. In turn, this will enable us to discern the institutional approach to alterity embedded in his thought.
Social brokerage and productivity of users in online innovation networks
Authors: Mukherjee Satyam , Jain Tarun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the impact of social brokerage on the innovation productivity of users in online innovation networks. Innovation in online networks is leveraged by coordinated interactions between the participating users. We leverage the data of users contributing on posts between 2017 and 2019 in two community question answering (CQA) forums: Stack Overflow and Math Stack Exchange. The innovation productivity of users in such online innovation networks, as valued by other participating users is quantified by the total score they received on their contributing posts. Users occupying brokerage positions are exposed to better ideas that boost the value of their contributing posts, thus improving their total score. Again, existing users with low social brokerage are also likely to gain from resource sharing owing to their denser networks. Our econometric analysis reveals that users in online innovation networks with very low or very high values of social brokerage receive higher scores as valued by other community users. Overall, we access the data of 537,938 users in Stack Overflow contributing on 6,002,996 questions, and 7,903,416 answers, and 20,393 users in the Math Stack Exchange contributing on 488,389 questions, and 638,110 answers. We observe aU‐shaped effect of the user's social brokerage on the user's innovation productivity. Our empirical findings have various implications for firms hosting online CQA forums.
Tax and pollution in a vertically differentiated duopoly: When consumers matter
Authors: Ceccantoni Giulia , Tarola Ornella , Vergari Cecilia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by the so‐called polluter pays principle, environmental taxes can drive a more sustainable European market. However, unilateral mitigation measures can reduce the competitiveness of carbon‐intensive industries, thereby inducing relocation. In this paper, we wonder whether a tax can effectively curb emissions without hurting firms. Our analysis's entry point is that the level of emissions in a region is jointly determined by (i) the number of consumers buying dirty goods and (ii) the environmental quality of these products. Thus, to curb emissions, on the one hand, firms have to reduce their goods' emissions intensity. On the other hand, consumers have to reduce the consumption of dirtier goods. This leads to defining a tax depending on the number of consumers buying the brown products and the relative quality of these products. We show that under this tax, lower emissions do not come at the expense of lower profits.
Implications of philosophical pragmatism for nursing: Comparison of different pragmatists
Authors: Mayumi Naoya , Ota Katsumasa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPragmatism emphasizes practical consequences and empirical explanations rather than introspective contemplations. However, the arguments of pragmatists are not uniform, as shown by the four prominent pragmatists presented in this article. The major difference between them is that Peirce and Haack acknowledge an objective truth, whereas James and Rorty do not. Thus, for a fuller understanding of the pragmatist view of our knowledge, both camps must be consulted. In the nursing field, pragmatism is occasionally referred to as a guiding philosophy. However, the influence of James and Rorty has been greater than that of Peirce and Haack on pragmatists, which may risk leading to a skewed understanding of pragmatism by nursing scholars. Still, the four pragmatists share naturalism, which rejects a metaphysics that defines the nature of knowledge before our enquiry and emphasizes experience and practice. Pragmatic naturalism can help ensure that nursing theory does not deviate from clinical practice. This article also explores the broad adaptability of the ideas of all four pragmatists to philosophical issues in nursing, such as mixed‐methods research, epistemic relativism and realism. By showing that pragmatism can be relevant and stimulating to each of these topics, the article demonstrates that the different approaches to pragmatism can provide more inspiration for nurses and nursing researchers in the future.
Pathophysiology and management of hypoglycemia in diabetes
Authors: Sanchez‐Rangel Elizabeth , Deajon‐Jackson Jelani , Hwang Janice Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the century since the discovery of insulin, diabetes has changed from an early death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. This change in longevity and duration of diabetes coupled with significant advances in therapeutic options for patients has fundamentally changed the landscape of diabetes management, particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, hypoglycemia remains a major barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control. Current understanding of the mechanisms of hypoglycemia has expanded to include not only counter‐regulatory hormonal responses but also direct changes in brain glucose, fuel sensing, and utilization, as well as changes in neural networks that modulate behavior, mood, and cognition. Different strategies to prevent and treat hypoglycemia have been developed, including educational strategies, new insulin formulations, delivery devices, novel technologies, and pharmacologic targets. This review article will discuss current literature contributing to our understanding of the myriad of factors that lead to the development of clinically meaningful hypoglycemia and review established and novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia.
An autopsy case of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome with coronary fibrinoid necrotizing arteritis and an aneurysm
Authors: Sugimoto Ryo , Yanagawa Naoki , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Uesugi Noriyuki , Yamada Noriyuki , Kitada Yuriko , Yamashita Rina , Saito Hidenori , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a case of hyperimmunoglobulin (Ig) E syndrome (HIES) with a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in a 25‐year‐old Japanese man. He died suddenly due to chronic heart failure associated with HIES. We noted a CAA at the trunk of the left coronary artery and granulomatous and fibrinoid necrotizing arteritis of the middle portion of the left anterior descending during the autopsy. We speculate herein on the relationship between the aneurysm and arteritis. These findings facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis underlying HIES.
The influence of creeping slope failure on turbidity current behaviour
Authors: Ayckbourne Ashley J. M. , Jerrett Rhodri M. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Watkinson Matthew P. , Kane Ian A. , Taylor Kevin G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTErosional scars, slumps, slides and debrites (mass‐transport deposits) on submarine slopes form relief that influences turbidity current behaviour. However, the interaction of mass‐transport deposit emplacement kinematics (i.e. rapid emplacement versus creep), the morphology of the evolving seafloor topography and subsequent flow types is complicated. This study describes two outcrop examples of deep‐water, predominantly turbiditic, deposits overlying mass‐transport deposits, from the Eocene slope succession of the Aínsa Basin (Spanish Pyrenees). In both examples, the mass‐transport deposit substrate continued to creep contemporaneously with turbidity current deposition and bypass. In the first case study, structures in the mass‐transport deposits are extensional and oriented parallel to flow. In the second, structures are compressional and oriented perpendicular to flow. Mudstones dominate the slope succession, but deposits overlying mass‐transport deposits form sandstone‐prone accumulations. Lateral confinement by flow‐parallel extensional faults enhanced channel‐formation. Channel incision occurred close to the exhumed fault plane on the hangingwall. Incision ceased as the fault gradually locked‐up, and channels avulsed to the hangingwall of a newly active normal fault, while the abandoned channel was filled by a thinning and fining‐upward succession. Barriers formed where the long axes of compressional anticlines developed in mass‐transport deposits formed perpendicular to flow. Here, turbidites filled the bathymetric lows in the axes of synclines. Continued tightening of synclinal depocentres led to repeated stoss side trapping and upslope accretion of coarse‐grained sediment accumulation. This generated thickening and coarsening‐up, followed by thinning and fining‐upward successions, tracking the decreasing, then increasing flow bypass associated with topographic expression on the mass‐transport deposit. This study shows how post‐emplacement creep, and orientation of topographic features on mass‐transport deposits, influence the routing and deposition of contemporaneous turbidity currents, and illustrates examples of facies successions that could be misinterpreted as the product of other autogenic submarine slope processes, such as lateral migration of sinuous channels, or compensational lobe stacking.