bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sterilization of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Eggs for Maggot Debridement Therapy
Authors: Bavani Mulood Mohammadi , Seyyedzadeh Seyyed Jaavad , Radi Ehsan , Malekian Azam , Hoseinpour Mahdiyeh , Gholizadeh Saber 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a therapy with the medical use of sterile fly larvae of certain species, particularly those within the Calliphoridae family including green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigan, Diptera: Calliphoridae), for treating chronically infected wounds and ulcers. Lucilia sericata flies were maintained under insectary conditions, and the eggs were sterilized using three treatments: hydrogen peroxide solutions, used as a hand disinfectant (Treatment 1—T1), hydrogen peroxide, surface disinfectant (Treatment 2—T2), and SaniHigene (Treatment 3—T3) and the control (without treatment). All three treatment caused the complete sterilization of eggs, and no bacterial colonies were found on the blood agar culture. The egg hatching rate after 72 h was much higher than after 24 h. Egg mortality in hydrogen peroxide solutions, T1 and T2, was 3–4% and less than in solution T3 (13%). Owing to less mortality and more sterility of the eggs, the aforementioned solutions are suggested to be appropriate for sterility in maggot therapy.
European traditional tomatoes galore: a result of farmers’ selection of a few diversity-rich loci
Authors: Blanca Jose , Pons Clara , Montero-Pau Javier , Sanchez-Matarredona David , Ziarsolo Peio , Fontanet Lilian , Fisher Josef , Plazas Mariola , Casals Joan , Rambla Jose Luis , Riccini Alessandro , Palombieri Samuela , Ruggiero Alessandra , Sulli Maria , Grillo Stephania , Kanellis Angelos , Giuliano Giovanni , Finkers Richard , Cammareri Maria , Grandillo Silvana , Mazzucato Andrea , Causse Mathilde , Díez Maria José , Prohens Jaime , Zamir Dani , Cañizares Joaquin , Monforte Antonio Jose , Granell Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA comprehensive collection of 1254 tomato accessions, corresponding to European traditional and modern varieties, early domesticated varieties, and wild relatives, was analyzed by genotyping by sequencing. A continuous genetic gradient between the traditional and modern varieties was observed. European traditional tomatoes displayed very low genetic diversity, with only 298 polymorphic loci (95% threshold) out of 64 943 total variants. European traditional tomatoes could be classified into several genetic groups. Two main clusters consisting of Spanish and Italian accessions showed higher genetic diversity than the remaining varieties, suggesting that these regions might be independent secondary centers of diversity with a different history. Other varieties seem to be the result of a more recent complex pattern of migrations and hybridizations among the European regions. Several polymorphic loci were associated in a genome-wide association study with fruit morphological traits in the European traditional collection. The corresponding alleles were found to contribute to the distinctive phenotypic characteristic of the genetic varietal groups. The few highly polymorphic loci associated with morphological traits in an otherwise a low-diversity population suggests a history of balancing selection, in which tomato farmers likely maintained the morphological variation by inadvertently applying a high selective pressure within different varietal types.
Quantifying the cool ISM in radio AGNs: evidence for late-time retriggering by galaxy mergers and interactions
Authors: Bernhard E , Tadhunter C N , Pierce J C S , Dicken D , Mullaney J R , Morganti R , Ramos Almeida C , Daddi E 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe use deep Herschel observations of the complete 2Jy sample of powerful radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the local Universe (0.05 &lt; z &lt; 0.7) to probe their cool interstellar medium (ISM) contents and star-forming properties, comparing them against other samples of nearby luminous AGNs and quiescent galaxies. This allows us to investigate triggering and feedback mechanisms. We find that the dust masses of the strong-line radio galaxies (SLRGs) in our sample are similar to those of radio-quiet quasars, and that their median dust mass (Mdust = 2 × 107 M⊙) is enhanced by a factor of ∼200 compared to that of non-AGN ellipticals, but lower by a factor of ∼16 relative to that of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Along with compelling evidence for merger signatures in optical images, the SLRGs in our sample also show relatively high star formation efficiencies, despite the fact that many of them fall below the main sequence for star-forming galaxies. Together, these results suggest that most of our SLRGs have been retriggered by late-time mergers that are relatively minor in terms of their gas contents. In comparison with the SLRGs, the radio AGNs with weak optical emission lines (weak-line radio galaxies – WLRGs) and edge-darkened radio jets (Fanaroff–Riley Class I radio sources – FRIs) have both lower cool ISM masses and star formation rates (by a factor of &gt;30), consistent with being fuelled by a different mechanism (e.g. the direct accretion of hot gas).
Interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking and fractional exclusion statistics
Authors: Zhang Xibo , Chen Yang-Yang , Liu Longxiang , Deng Youjin , Guan Xiwen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum statistics plays a fundamental role in the laws of nature. Haldane fractional exclusion statistics (FES) generalizes the Pauli exclusion statistics, and can emerge in the properties of elementary particles and hole excitations of a quantum system consisting of conventional bosons or fermions. FES has a long history of intensive studies, but its simple realization in interacting physical systems is rare. Here we report a simple non-mutual FES that depicts the particle-hole symmetry breaking in interacting Bose gases at a quantum critical point. We show that the FES distribution directly comes from particle-hole symmetry breaking. Based on exact solutions, quantum Monte Carlo simulations and experiments, we find that, over a wide range of interaction strengths, the macroscopic physical properties of these gases are determined by non-interacting quasi-particles that obey non-mutual FES of the same form in one and two dimensions. Whereas strongly interacting Bose gases reach full fermionization in one dimension, they exhibit incomplete fermionization in two dimensions. Our results provide a generic connection between interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking (depicted by FES) and macroscopic properties of many-body systems in arbitrary dimensions. Our work lays the groundwork for using FES to explore quantum criticality and other novel many-body phenomena in strongly correlated quantum systems.
How Not to Analyse Number Sentences
Authors: Schwartzkopff Robert 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Number and Count Sentences like ‘The number of Martian moons is two’ and ‘Mars has two moons’ give rise to a puzzle. How can they be equivalent if only the truth of Number but not that of Count Sentences requires the existence of numbers? Proponents of Linguistic Deflationism seek to resolve this puzzle by arguing that on their correct linguistic analysis the truth of Number Sentences does not require the existence of numbers. In this paper, I argue that Katharina Felka’s recent attempt to vindicate this strategy by analysing Number Sentences as so-called specificational sentences is philosophically dissatisfying and sketch a promising alternative.
Efficient gene targeting in soybean using Ochrobactrum haywardense-mediated delivery of a marker-free donor template
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Liu Zhan-Bin , Sanyour-Doyel Nathalie , Lenderts Brian , Worden Andrew , Anand Ajith , Cho Hyeon-Je , Bolar Joy , Harris Charlotte , Huang Lingxia , Xing Aiqiu , Richardson Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gene targeting (GT) for precise gene insertion or swap into pre-defined genomic location has been a bottleneck for expedited soybean precision breeding. We report a robust selectable marker-free GT system in soybean, one of the most economically important crops. An efficient Oh H1-8 (Ochrobactrum haywardense H1-8)-mediated embryonic axis transformation method was used for the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components and donor template to regenerate T0 plants 6–8 weeks after transformation. This approach generated up to 3.4% targeted insertion of the donor sequence into the target locus in T0 plants, with ∼ 90% mutation rate observed at the genomic target site. The GT was demonstrated in two genomic sites using two different donor DNA templates without the need for a selectable marker within the template. High-resolution Southern-by-Sequencing analysis identified T1 plants with precise targeted insertion and without unintended plasmid DNA. Unlike previous low-frequency GT reports in soybean that involved particle bombardment–mediated delivery and extensive selection, the method described here is fast, efficient, reproducible, does not require a selectable marker within the donor DNA, and generates nonchimeric plants with heritable GT.
Rethinking Parkinson Disease: Exploring Gut-Brain Interactions and the Potential Role of Exercise
Authors: Zapanta Kaylie , Schroeder E Todd , Fisher Beth E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Although Parkinson disease (PD) has traditionally been considered a disease of the central nervous system, a bidirectional communication system known as the gut-brain axis can influence PD pathogenesis. The dual-hit hypothesis proposed that PD is due to peripheral dysregulations to the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis. Since then, further investigation has shown that there are multiple pathological sources associated with PD. However, dysbiosis plays a critical role in the disease process. Substantial evidence has identified that cardinal motor symptoms of PD and disease progression are associated with dysbiosis. In other neurodegenerative disorders, dysbiosis has been linked to cognition. Non-PD research has shown that exercise can effectively restore the gut microbiota. Likewise, exercise has become a well-established strategy to improve cognitive and motor function in PD. However, despite the interaction between the gut and brain, and the exercise benefits on gut health, no research to date has considered the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota in PD. Therefore, the purpose of this Perspective is to explore whether exercise benefits observed in PD could partly be due to restorations to the gut microbiota. First, we will review the gut-brain axis and its influence on motor and cognitive function. Next, we will outline evidence regarding exercise-induced restoration of the gut microbiota in non-PD populations. Finally, we will summarize benefits of exercise on motor-cognitive function in PD, proposing that benefits of exercise seen in PD might actually be due to restorations to the gut microbiota. By positing the gut microbiota as a moderator of exercise improvements to motor and cognitive function, we aim to provide a new perspective for physical therapists to prioritize exercise regimens for individuals with PD that can specifically restore the gut microbiota to better improve PD symptoms and prognosis.

Impact
This Perspective raises awareness that dysregulations to the gut microbiota have recently been attributed to PD symptoms and pathology and that exercise can be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve gut health in individuals with PD.

Lay Summary
People with PD have been found to have reduced microbial diversity in their gut, which can play an important role in the progression of the disease. Physical therapists can design therapeutic exercises that might help improve gut health in people with PD.
Imports, Exports, and Earnings Inequality: Measures of Exposure and Estimates of Incidence
Authors: Adão Rodrigo , Carrillo Paul , Costinot Arnaud , Donaldson Dave , Pomeranz Dina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The earnings of individuals depend on the demand for the factor services they supply. International trade may therefore affect earnings inequality because either (i) foreign consumers and firms demand domestic factor services in different proportions than domestic consumers and firms do, an export channel; or (ii) domestic consumers and firms change their demand for domestic factor services in response to the availability of foreign goods, an import channel. Building on this idea, we develop new measures of export and import exposure at the individual level and provide estimates of their incidence across the earnings distribution. The key input fed into our empirical analysis is a unique administrative data set from Ecuador that merges firm-to-firm transaction data, employer-employee matched data, owner-firm matched data, and firm-level customs transaction records. We find that export exposure is pro-middle class, import exposure is pro-rich, and in terms of overall incidence, the import channel is the dominant force. As a result, earnings inequality in Ecuador is higher than it would be in the absence of trade.
SEARCH FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF DOSE-RATE AND WALL SCATTERING EFFECTS IN THE THERMOLUMINESCENCE RESPONSE OF LIF:MG,TI (TLD-100)
Authors: Ginzburg Dimitry , Eliyahu Ilan , Spooner Nigel , Sterenberg Matan , Reshes Galina , Shapiro Alex , Biderman Shlomo , Herman Beny , Assor Yossi , Nemirovsky Dimitry , Oster Leonid , Horowitz Yigal Shalom , Hershkovich David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An experimental investigation into the possibility of dose-rate effects and wall scatter in the thermoluminescent response of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) was carried out. The investigation was motivated by theoretical simulations predicting the possible presence of dose-rate effects coupled with the lack of detailed experimental studies. The dose rate was varied by changing the source to sample distance, by the use of attenuators, sources of 137Cs of various activities, filtration and the construction of identical geometrical irradiators of Teflon and stainless steel. Four levels of dose in the linear dose response region were studied at 10−2 Gy, 1.5 × 10−2 Gy, 0.1 Gy and 0.5 Gy to avoid complications in interpretation due to supralinearity above 1 Gy. At the dose of 1.5 × 10−2 Gy, the dose rate was varied by five orders of magnitude from 4.9 × 10−3 Gy s−1 to 4.9 × 10−8 Gy s−1. At the other levels of dose, a one to two orders of magnitude in dose rate was achieved. Within the measurement uncertainty of 5–10%, no dose-rate effects were observed in any of the experimental measurements and no changes in the shape of the glow curve were observed. The maximum wall scatter effect (Teflon to stainless steel) was measured at ~8% within the experimental uncertainty and well below expectations. The results are encouraging with respect to the accurate and reproducible use of LiF:Mg,Ti under various experimental conditions of irradiation.
Advancing engineering students’ conceptual understanding through puzzle-based learning: a case study with exact differential equations
Authors: Rezvanifard Faezeh , Radmehr Farzad , Rogovchenko Yuriy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current views on the teaching of differential equations (DEs) are shifting towards the use of graphical and numerical methods. Motivated by recent research suggesting that puzzle-based learning (PzBL) can improve the teaching and learning of STEM subjects and by the lack of relevant studies for DEs, we designed two tasks—sophism and paradox—to explore undergraduate engineering students’ conceptual understanding of a classical topic—exact DEs—and to analyse the process of meaning-making during collaborative learning in small groups. One hundred and thirty-five undergraduate engineering students from a public university in Iran participated. In response to recent research signalling the tendency of the students to procedural learning of DEs, we analyse how the students in our study engaged in small group work on puzzle tasks, gaining a more conceptual understanding of exact DEs and acknowledging the efficiency of PzBL in their responses to a questionnaire and in interviews.
Neck Flexion Strength as a Predictor of Need for Intubation in Guillain–Barre Syndrome
Authors: Arnold Lisa M. , Hehir Michael K. , Tandan Rup , Kolb Noah , Waheed Waqar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Respiratory failure in Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is common. Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the gold standard for monitoring respiratory muscle strength in GBS. In some clinical situations, FVC testing could be delayed or unavailable, thus there is a need for accurate, fast, and device-free bedside respiratory evaluation.

Methods:
We examined neck flexion strength in 23 GBS patients as a possible predictor of the need for subsequent intubation and as a predictor of FVC change.

Results:
Intubation was required by 100% of patients with neck flexion strength of Medical Research Council grade ≤3. A correlation between neck flexion strength and FVC could not be determined.

Conclusions:
Significant weakness of neck flexion (Medical Research Council grade ≤3) at the time of admission correlates with poor respiratory status as measured by the need for intubation in patients with GBS.
Satisfaction of Saudi Board Plastic Surgery Residents with the Training Program: A National Survey
Authors: Al Qurashi Abdullah A. , Mortada Hatan , Alrobaiea Saad , Abuthiyab Noorah , Al Zaid Nura , Betar Manar , Malibari Lama , Al Turkistani Talah , Arab Khalid 
Published: February 2022

Background:
It is well established in the literature that the satisfaction of trainees correlates with higher productivity and efficiency during training years. The satisfaction rate of Saudi Board of Plastic Surgery trainees has not been investigated since its establishment in 2001. Therefore, we aimed to measure the satisfaction rate of local trainees and detail the predictors of satisfaction.

Methods:
This study was conducted on September 9–13, 2021. The study is a cross-sectional, nation-wide study utilizing a self-structured questionnaire targeting all plastic surgery residents in Saudi Arabia. IRB approval and approval from the governing body of residency programs in Saudi Arabia were obtained.

Results:
The study included 100% of western region residents (N = 9) and 72.7% of central region residents (N = 24), yielding a total of 33 participants with 78.6% response rate. Of all the residents, only 39.4% were satisfied with their training in the Saudi Board of Plastic Surgery program, 45.5% were neutral regarding their opinion, and 15.2% expressed their dissatisfaction with the program. The area most in need of improvement was mentorship (30.3%), followed by the quality of teaching (12.1%) and workplace climate (12.1%), whereas the least was administrative components (6.1%).

Conclusions:
The mild level of dissatisfaction toward the local training in plastic surgery should alarm the governing body in the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties and the program directors to take certain interventions toward the improvement of local training. Considering the areas most in need of improvement is necessary to achieve a suitable training environment for the residents.
Repairing Facial Fractures with Interrupted Maxillary-mandibular Arches by Computer-assisted Reverse Planning Model Surgery
Authors: Chen Chien-Chung , Yang Ching-Hsiang , Chang Yu-Jen , Wu Cheng-Chun , Chang Li-Ren , Lai Jui-Pin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Management of comminuted facial fractures with maxillary-mandibular arch interruption is difficult, resulting in inadequate bone reduction and malocclusion. Traditionally, a good quality dental splint is helpful, but difficult to obtain in acute trauma. We apply a computer-assisted design and three-dimensional printing technology to improve splint fabrication and utilization, thus facilitating restoration of dental occlusion and facial fracture.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients who suffered from facial fractures with interruption of the maxillary-mandibular arches. We developed the “computer-assisted reverse planning and three-dimensional printing model surgery” algorithm and applied it in selected patients. An occlusal splint was created as a surgical guide to enhance the maxilla-mandibular unit repair by taking care of the bone reduction and occlusion. All included patients were followed up to assess the functional outcome and patients suitable for this method.

Results:
From Jan 2015 to Aug 2020, 10 patients (eight men and two women) with comminuted facial fractures were included. The average time of surgery was 9.2 days. The average follow-up time was 8.6 months. There was no patient who needed major revision to correct malocclusion or facial asymmetry.

Conclusions:
A computer-assisted design splint decreases intraoperative inaccuracies and difficulty in comminuted maxillo-mandibular fractures. It is a useful and reliable alternative. Collaboration with an experienced engineer and patient selection are indispensable in delivering successful outcomes. Patients who have more than three bone fragments in a single dental arch or more than four bone fragments in the entire maxillary-mandibular unit appear to be excellent candidates for this method.
INNER AND OUTER CHOROIDAL CHANGES IN THE FELLOW EYE OF PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Battista Marco , Barresi Costanza , Grosso Domenico , Gabela Maria Cristina , Quarta Alberto , Saladino Andrea , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To quantitatively evaluate the inner and outer choroidal changes in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:
We analyzed data from patients with a diagnosis of unilateral CSC who had structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and swept-source OCT angiography obtained. An additional group of age-matched healthy patients was included for comparison. The main outcome measures were: (1) choriocapillaris flow deficits' quantitative metrics; (2) choroidal luminal (LCA) and stromal (SCA) areas; and (3) choroidal vascularity index.

Results:
Fellow unaffected eyes from 60 patients with unilateral CSC and 30 healthy subjects were included in the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 47.5 ± 9.9 years in the unilateral CSC group and 50.7 ± 10.8 years in the control group (P = 0.410). In the structural OCT assessment, both the LCA and SCA were increased in the unilateral CSC group (0.33 ± 0.11 and 0.29 ± 0.10 mm2) compared with healthy controls (0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.27 ± 0.05 mm2), although only differences in LCA reached a statistical significance (P = 0.041 and P = 0.286 for LCA and SCA, respectively). The choroidal vascularity index was higher in CSC patients (53.7 ± 3.6 and 50.9 ± 5.5%, P = 0.045). In the OCT angiography evaluation, the choriocapillaris flow deficits' percentage and number were increased in those patients affected by unilateral CSC. In multiple regressions, the strongest association with choriocapillaris percentage of flow deficits was with the presence of pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy signs in the study eye (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Our results corroborate the hypothesis that inner and outer choroidal changes affect both eyes of patients with unilateral disease.