bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of 7 million+ tweets featuring suicide-related content with daily calls to the Suicide Prevention Lifeline and with suicides, United States, 2016–2018
Authors: Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Tran Ulrich S , Baginski Hubert , Sinyor Mark , Strauss Markus J , Sumner Steven A , Voracek Martin , Till Benedikt , Murphy Sean , Gonzalez Frances , Gould Madelyn , Garcia David , Draper John , Metzler Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess associations of various content areas of Twitter posts with help-seeking from the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and with suicides. Methods: We retrieved 7,150,610 suicide-related tweets geolocated to the United States and posted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Using a specially devised machine-learning approach, we categorized posts into content about prevention, suicide awareness, personal suicidal ideation without coping, personal coping and recovery, suicide cases and other. We then applied seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average analyses to assess associations of tweet categories with daily calls to the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and suicides on the same day. We hypothesized that coping-related and prevention-related tweets are associated with greater help-seeking and potentially fewer suicides. Results: The percentage of posts per category was 15.4% (standard deviation: 7.6%) for awareness, 13.8% (standard deviation: 9.4%) for prevention, 12.3% (standard deviation: 9.1%) for suicide cases, 2.4% (standard deviation: 2.1%) for suicidal ideation without coping and 0.8% (standard deviation: 1.7%) for coping posts. Tweets about prevention were positively associated with Lifeline calls ( B = 1.94, SE = 0.73, p = 0.008) and negatively associated with suicides ( B = −0.11, standard error = 0.05, p = 0.038). Total number of tweets were negatively associated with calls ( B = −0.01, standard error  = 0.0003, p = 0.007) and positively associated with suicide, ( B = 6.4 × 10−5, standard error  = 2.6 × 10−5, p = 0.015). Conclusion: This is the first large-scale study to suggest that daily volume of specific suicide-prevention-related social media content on Twitter corresponds to higher daily levels of help-seeking behaviour and lower daily number of suicide deaths. Preregistration: As Predicted, #66922, 26 May 2021.
Contract Farming in West Bengal: Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications
Authors: Mukherjee Sumana 
Published: October 2022

In order to revive the agricultural sector under the neoliberal regime, contract farming has been emerging as a new agricultural technology in India and in the state of West Bengal, in particular. The present paper is a micro-level comparative study of West Bengal, dominated mainly by small and marginal farmers, which serves as an interesting case for highlighting on the pattern of cropping changes over time. The study highlights on the contract farming models prevailing in the study area, the specific implications of the nature of contracts followed by a detailed discussion on the characteristics of the crop under contract and the structure of contract farming in the study area. The article also attempts to investigate the factors inducing contract farming by different size classes of farmers as well as contract farming through individual agents vis-a-vis cooperatives using a logistic regression model. The study reflects that the success of contract farming as an emerging alternative institution that may alter the existing farm practices as suggested by the recent Farm Bill, 2020, depends much on the nature of the product as well as the contract. JEL Codes: Q12; Q13; Q15; Y10.
Physiotherapy for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: How, When, and Who. An international EuroELSO survey
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Eden Allaina , Loforte Antonio , Dell’Amore Andrea , Antonini Marta Velia , Riera Jordi , Barrett Nicholas A , Swol Justyna 
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) continues to play an essential role in organ support in cardiogenic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome and bridging to transplantation. The main purpose of the present survey was to define which clinical and organizational practices are adopted for the administration of physiotherapy in adult patients undergoing ECMO support worldwide. Methods This international survey was conceived in November 2021. The survey launch was announced at the 10th EuroELSO (European ELSO chapter) Congress, London, May 2022. Results The survey returned 32 questionnaires from 29 centers across 14 countries. 17 centers (53.1%) had more than 30 intensive care unit beds available and most (46.8%) were able to care for five to 10 patients on extracorporeal life support simultaneously. The predominant physiotherapist-to-patient ratio was 1:>5 (37.5%); physiotherapy was available 5/7 days and 7/7 days by 31.2% and 25% respectively. Respiratory physiotherapy was not defined by a specific protocol in most centers (46.8%) while 31.2% declared that the treatment commences less than 12 h after sedation is stopped/reduced. Mostly, early physiotherapy in non-cooperative ventilated patients was provided within the first 48 h (68.6%) and consisted of as passive range of motion, in-bed positioning, and splinting. Postural passages and sitting were provided to patients and walking was included in those advanced motor activities which are part of the treatment. Conclusion Physiotherapy in patients on ECLS is feasible, however substantial variability exists between centers with a trend of delivering not protocolized and understaffed rehabilitation practices.
‘I left feeling different about myself’: What students learn on their first practice placement
Authors: Grant Terri , Gossman Peter , Thomas Yvonne , Berragan Liz , Frank Helen 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: With the inclusion of 40 hours of simulated practice education for UK occupational therapy students and the subsequent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have been exploring simulated placement opportunities. However, the evidence available to guide the development of such placements is sparse. This article presents the first stage of a grounded theory study that seeks to understand what students learn during the course of their first practice placement, with the intention of informing simulated placement development. Method: Grounded theory methodology was used to guide semi-structured individual interviews with 15 participants – seven undergraduate students, three practice educators and five postgraduate pre-registration students. Interviews occurred close to the end of the first practice placement. Concurrent data collection and analysis led to the development of categories of learning. Findings: Four core categories of learning were identified: learning about oneself, learning about the occupational therapy profession, learning about practices and learning about service users. Conclusion: Understanding of these four categories of learning may enable educators to consider learning which occurs that may not be anticipated, particularly in regard to personal development. This can enable educators to consider how learning can be targeted within simulation for an authentic simulated placement.
Engaging with nature and the outdoors: A scoping review of therapeutic applications in contemporary occupational therapy
Authors: Firby Heather , Raine Rosi 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Engagement with the natural outdoors is recommended for public health and wellbeing. Occupational therapists are well-placed to promote these therapeutic benefits, yet limited evidence exists of the scope of such applications. Methods: A scoping review was conducted informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. A systematic search was undertaken across five databases, and 64 sources were included following screening. Data were extracted using deductive content analysis, and themes identified through thematic analysis. Findings: Three themes were identified: occupation-based applications; occupation-focused applications; and occupational therapy’s contribution. Whilst current applications were evident, most literature explored potential or emerging practice. Outdoor engagement was found to be a complex, therapeutic occupation with the potential to promote mental health and restoration; quality of life and wellbeing; and healthy lifestyles through connection to nature; others; and self . Conclusion: Occupational therapists enable outdoor engagement through occupation-focused and occupation-based interventions across a range of practice contexts. Occupational science may offer a valuable contribution to the evidence base, through considering being in nature as a meaningful occupation and outdoor accessibility as a matter of occupational justice. However, evidence of current practice is limited. Further research is recommended to strengthen the evidence-base and inform routine consideration within practice.
Comparison of the outcome of trans-ureteral lithotripsy for uncomplicated ureteral stones with or without safety guidewire: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hamid Pakmanesh , Reza Mohamadi , Ali Kamalati , Azar Danesh Pajoh , Reza Behzadi 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Using a safety wire during trans-ureteral lithotripsy (TUL) might minimize ureteral injuries. Conversely, others suggest safety wire itself may increase the risk of ureteral injuries that its routine use is not mandatory in all cases. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the outcome of TUL in the presence or absence of a safety guidewire. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients referred to our center with a ureteral stone less than 1.5 cm; candidate for TUL after not passing the stone after 2 weeks of conservative management and had no sign of infections or anatomic abnormalities. The primary outcome was the rate of ureteral injuries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; using safety wire (SGW) and not using safety wire (NSGW). Patients, the data collecting physician, and the Statistical analyst; were concealed from the randomization process. Demographic factors were recorded for each participant. Patients were followed up for at least 1 month; registering intra-operative and post-operative complications. Results: From 2020 to 2021, 348 patients were randomized in two arms. Considering the lost cases during the study, 124 patients were finally analyzed in the SGW and 96 patients in the NSGW. Complications were not different between the two groups ( p > 0.05); though, operation time was significantly longer in the SGW group (31.7 min in SGW vs 28 min in NSGW p = 0.02) Conclusion: The safety guidewire seems to add no significant benefit to the TUL procedure outcomes in uncomplicated cases.
Do Socioeconomic Factors Influence Knowledge, Attitudes, and Representations of End-of-Life Practices? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bérubé A. , Tapp D. , Dupéré S. , Plaisance A. , Bravo G. , Downar J. , Couture V. 
Published: October 2022

Objective Access to palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care might be influenced by knowledge, attitudes, and representations of these practices. Socioeconomic factors might then affect what people know about EOL care practices, and how they perceive them. This study aims to compare knowledge, attitudes, and representations regarding EOL practices including assisted suicide, medical assistance in dying, and continuous palliative sedation of adults, according to socioeconomic variables. Methods A cross-sectional community-based questionnaire study featuring two evolving vignettes and five end-of-life practices was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Three sample subgroups were created according to the participants’ perceived financial situation and three according to educational attainment. Descriptive analysis was used to compare levels of knowledge, attitudes, and representations between the subgroups. Results Nine hundred sixty-six (966) people completed the questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy participants (28.7%) had a high school diploma or less, and 42 participants (4.4%) were facing financial hardship. The majority of respondents supported all end-of-life options and the loosening of eligibility requirements for medical assistance in dying. Differences between subgroups were minor. While respondents in socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups had less knowledge about EOL practices, those with lower educational attainment were more likely to be in favor of medical assistance in dying, and less likely to favor continuous palliative sedation. Conclusions People living with situational social and economic vulnerabilities face multiple barriers in accessing health care. While they may have poorer knowledge about EOL practices, they have a positive attitude towards medical assistance in dying and assisted suicide, and a negative attitude towards continuous palliative sedation. This highlights the need for future research and interventions aimed at empowering this population and enhancing their access to EOL care.
Novel electromagnetic interference shield developed by gamma irradiation of strengthened WPE/WEPDM thermoplastic elastomer With carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fathy E S , Elnaggar Mona Y , Sharaf A 
Published: October 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have established wide attention as strengthened fillers because of their excellent several characters. Nano polymers based on thermoplastic elastomer composed of waste polyethylene (WPE)/Waste ethylene propylene diene monomer (WEPDM) blended equally 50/50 wt. % and strengthened with different concentrations of CNT (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) were fabricated via melt mixing. The prepared specimens were exposed to various gamma radiation doses, namely 50 and 100 kGy to evaluate the impact of radiation on the Nano polymers structure. FTIR and XRD were used to track the structure and crystallinity changes of thermoplastic elastomer with CNT filling. Mechanical features including tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E%), modulus of elasticity (EM) and hardness (Shore D) of the unirradiated and irradiated samples were evaluated. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties named storage (E′) and loss modulus as well as tan delta (δ) of the fabricated specimens were measured. TGA and also DSC monitored the thermal decomposition and the melting point alterations caused by CNT reinforcement. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) was studied for all fabricated samples as an application of shielding for radio frequency signals. In general, all the studied parameters revealed improvements of thermoplastic elastomer properties via CNT interference. Subsequent reinforcement of CNT concentrations into WPE/WEPDM produced higher shielding for radio frequency signals. Furthermore, applied gamma radiation doses improved the shielding properties of the fabricated nanocomposites.
Finite element analysis of a crossing panel under dynamic moving load – effect of support conditions and implications on foot fatigue
Authors: Alizadeh Otorabad Hossein , Bezin Yann , Grossoni Ilaria , Jorge Pedro 
Published: October 2022

The dynamic behaviour of a complete crossing panel under a transient moving load is considered using finite element method (FEM). A 3D model is developed in ANSYS software and validated using recent field measurements data from the UK. Four assumptions of trackbed stiffness distribution are tested. The best matching assumption to the field measurements is suggested and taken forward in the current study. Vibration modes are classified by comparing the modal and transient analysis results in frequency domain based on physical interpretation of the modes. A comparison is made between the so-called ‘P2’ dynamic force value in the current study and that calculated by Jenkin’s formula as specified in the UK Network Rail standard NR/L2/TRK/012 relating to crossing fatigue calculation. It is shown that this standard over-estimates the P2 dynamic force. The crossing stress results are presented and the most critical point on the foot, where the stress is considered to be in the elastic domain is introduced, in relation to the various support conditions. It is concluded that approximating the dynamics load with an equivalent P2 force envelope is sufficient to capture peak stresses for foot fatigue analyses. Finally, two scenarios for modelling hanging bearer effects are analysed in terms of foot stresses. Considering 5 mm initial gap at three consecutive bearers leads to a significant 40% increase in stress value.
Ocular findings in asymptomatic patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Neto Taurino SR , Neto Epitacio DS , Balbi Gustavo GM , Signorelli Flavio , Higashi Alex H , Monteiro Mário Luiz R , Bonfá Eloisa , Zacharias Leandro C , Andrade Danieli CO 
Published: October 2022

Background Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), repetitive fetal loss, and arterial/venous thrombosis and no association with other autoimmune rheumatic disease. Ocular involvement can also occur including retinal vascular thrombosis and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, such as optic neuropathy and amaurosis fugax. Early detection of ocular changes is crucial to minimize functional loss. Purpose To perform a multimodal evaluation, including the use of Optical Coherence Angiotomography (OCTA), in patients with PAPS without ocular complaints and compare with healthy individuals. Methods We performed a complete structural and functional ophthalmological evaluation using OCTA and microperimetry exam in patients with PAPS, followed at a tertiary Rheumatology outpatient clinic. Results We included 104 eyes of 52 subjects [PAPS without ocular complaints (N = 26) and healthy individuals (N = 26)]. Among PAPS patients, 21 were female (80.8%) and 21 (80.8%) were Caucasians. PAPS manifestations were venous (65.4%), arterial thrombosis (34.6%), and obstetrical (34.6%) and all of them had lupus anticoagulant. Ophthalmologic findings were more frequent in PAPS compared to healthy individuals (19.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). The most common retinal change was paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) (3 patients, 5 eyes), followed by drusen (1 patient, 2 eyes) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) (1 patient, 1 eye). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were present in 100% of the PAPS patients with PAMM, while only six patients (26.1%) with PAPS without PAMM presented these two risk factors together ( p = 0.03). Conclusions We provide novel evidence that approximately 20% of our asymptomatic PAPS patients without ocular symptoms have ophthalmologic findings that require early identification and careful surveillance focusing on minimizing systemic and vascular risk factors.
A useful quantitative model for determining the optical purity of praziquantel enantiomers based on near infrared spectroscopy with partial least squares
Authors: Teng Fei , Ji Jianbo , Yang Yue , Wang Haina 
Published: October 2022

In this study, a new method was developed for the determination of praziquantel (PZQ) enantiomers in solution. Praziquantel, as a highly effective and low-toxic broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug developed in the 1970s, is the first choice for the etiology of schistosomiasis treatment recommended by the World Health Organization. It is by far the most effective anti-schistosomiasis drug. PZQ is a chiral drug with a chiral carbon atom and two enantiomers, of which R-PZQ is the main contributor of the anti-schistosome effect. The quantitative model was established based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with the partial least square (PLS) method. Using sucrose as a chiral selector, the collected spectral information was processed by the second derivative and Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter, and comprehensively analyzed in the two bands of 1816.9–1884.3 nm and 1405.3–1425.4 nm to establish a good PLS regression model. Internal cross-validation of the model was carried out. In principle, the enantiomeric excess could be determined as low as 1.33%. The mole fraction of S-PZQ determined by HPLC was used as a reference method, and three batches of samples from the same manufacturer were used for independent external validation with an error of ± 4%. The results showed that this quantitative model could be used to determine the enantiomer content of the chiral drug PZQ. It realized the rapid and sensitive analysis of PZQ tablets and provided a new strategy for the quality analysis of chiral drugs.
Saudi Women’s Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alahmed Salma , Meedya Shahla , Mutair Abbas Al , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Despite the health benefits of breastfeeding, Saudi women do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The purpose of this article was to synthesize Saudi women’s breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices and identify the factors that women reported for their breastfeeding cessation. Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and cross-sectional studies was undertaken. Results: Saudi women reported poor knowledge in managing breastfeeding challenges and had a positive attitude toward formula feeding. Giving premade formula and sugar water was a common practice. The breastfeeding initiation rate (31.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [22%, 41.8%]) and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months were low (15.15, 95% CI: [8%, 24%]). Perceived low milk supply, returning to work, and using contraception were the main reasons for early breastfeeding cessation. Discussion: The integration of Islamic, political, and economic cultures in Saudi Arabia can influence women’s breastfeeding practices. There is a need for culturally appropriate breastfeeding educational programs for Saudi women.
Does Assessment Format Matter? A Comparison of In-Person Versus Teletesting Scores for Youth with ADHD
Authors: McDermott Shelley M. , Sweeney Kristie , Jacobson Lisa A. , Lieb Rebecca W. , Wexler Danielle , Pritchard Alison E. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study examined test score equivalency between traditional in-person assessment and teletesting among youth diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: In all, 896 youth with ADHD, ages 5–21 years, were administered cognitive, academic achievement, and verbal fluency measures via either teletesting ( n = 448) or traditional in-person assessment ( n = 448). The teletesting and in-person groups were matched on age, sex, and insurance type (as a proxy for income). Results: Results indicated no significant differences in test scores obtained via in-person and teletesting evaluations across all examined measures. Conclusion: Clinically referred youth with ADHD perform similarly on measures of cognitive functioning, academic achievement, and verbal fluency, regardless of whether these measures are administered in-person or via teletesting. While additional evidence for equivalent psychometric properties of neuropsychological instruments administered remotely is needed, this study offers support for the validity of remote administration among youth with ADHD.