bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different glass formers on Li2S–P2S5–MS2(M = Si, Ge, Sn) chalcogenide solid‐state electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Gao Chengwei , He Chengmiao , Tan Linling , Kang Shiliang , Jiao Qing , Xu Tiefeng , Lin Changgui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChalcogenide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have been receiving growing attentions due to their high ionic conductivity and suitable mechanic properties, especially the Li2S–P2S5systems incorporated with a second glass network formers (Si, Ge, Sn, and so on) besides P. Although the ionic conductivities are generally enhanced with the second glass network formers, the comprehensive effects of different glass formers on other properties, including electrochemical, cycling, and air stability, remain elusive. To acquire deeper understanding, herein, three common but representative glass network formers (SiS2, GeS2, and SnS2) were introduced into Li2S–P2S5, and their individual effects were investigated systematically. The results of multiscale characterizations before and after lithium stripping/plating cycling confirmed that the introduction of metal cations (Ge, Sn) generally leads to worse electrochemical stability and shorter cycle life of these SSEs toward lithium metal compared with SSEs with nonmetal cation (Si) modification. However, the air stability is related to the binding energy of M–S (M = Si, Ge, Sn), which is consistent with the hard base soft acid theory. This work provides valuable understanding for designing pragmatic Li2S–P2S5–MS2‐based SSEs with high electrochemistry, cycling, and air stability.
Forest‐permafrost feedbacks and glacial refugia help explain the unequal distribution of larch across continents
Authors: Schulte Luise , Li Chenzhi , Lisovski Simeon , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe continental‐scale distribution of plant functional types, such as evergreen and summergreen needle‐leaf forest, is assumed to be determined by contemporary climate. However, the distribution of summergreen needle‐leaf forest of larch (Larix Mill.) differs markedly between the continents, despite relatively similar climatic conditions. The reasons for these differences are little understood. Our aim is to identify potential triggers and drivers of the current distribution patterns by comparing species' bioclimatic niches, glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns.LocationNorthern hemisphere.TaxonSpecies of the genus Larix (Mill.).MethodsWe compare species distribution and dominance using species ranges and sites of dominance, as well as their occurrence on modelled permafrost extent, and active layer thickness (ALT). We compare the bioclimatic niches and calculate the niche overlap between species, using the same data in addition to modern climate data. We synthesize pollen, macrofossil and ancient DNA palaeo‐evidence of past Larix occurrences of the last 60,000 years and track differences in distribution patterns through time.ResultsBioclimatic niches show large overlaps between Asian larch species and American Larix laricina. The distribution across various degrees of permafrost extent is distinctly different for Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi compared to the other species, whereas the distribution on different depths of ALT is more similar among Asian and American species. Northern glacial refugia for Larix are only present in eastern Asia and Alaska.Main ConclusionThe dominance of summergreen larches in Asia, where evergreen conifers dominate most of the rest of the boreal forests, is dependent on the interaction of several factors which allows Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi to dominate where these factors coincide. These factors include the early postglacial spread out of northern glacial refugia in the absence of competitors as well as a positive feedback mechanism between frozen ground and forest.
Disentangling seasonal from maternal effects on egg characteristics in western Baltic spring‐spawning herring Clupea harengus
Authors: Huang Amy T. , Alter Katharina , Polte Patrick , Peck Myron A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn marine fishes, the timing of spawning determines the environment offspring will face and, therefore, the chances of early life stage survival. Different waves of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawn throughout spring in the western Baltic Sea, and the survival of offspring from early in the season has been low in the most recent decade. The authors assessed changes in egg traits from early, middle and late phases of the spawning season to examine whether seasonal and/or maternal effects influenced embryo survival. At each phase, fertilized eggs of six to eight females were incubated at two temperatures (7 and 13°C), and egg size, fertilization success, mortality and time to hatch were recorded. A compilation of data from 2017 to 2020 spawning seasons indicated that mean total length of females decreased with progression of the season and increasing in situ water temperature. For the sub‐set of females used in the laboratory study, early spawners were 7.6% larger and produced 14.2% larger eggs than late‐spring spawners. Fertilization success was consistently high (>90%), and mortality to hatch was low (<3%). Neither the former nor latter were influenced by season, but both were influenced by maternity. This significant female effect was, however, not related to any maternal trait measured here (total length, Fulton's condition factor or age). There was no maternal effect on development rate at 7 or 13°C. The results suggest that intrinsic differences among females or among spawning waves are unlikely to markedly contribute to the poor survival observed for progeny from early in the season in this population and point towards other extrinsic factors or processes acting on eggs or early larval stages (e.g., seasonal match–mismatch dynamics with prey) as more likely causes of mortality.
Exploring diet shifts and ecology in modern sharks using calcium isotopes and trace metal records of their teeth
Authors: Assemat Alexandre , Adnet Sylvain , Bayez Kani , Hassler Auguste , Arnaud‐Godet Florent , Mollen Frederik H. , Girard Catherine , Martin Jeremy E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSharks occupy all living environments of the marine realm as well as some freshwater systems. They display varied and flexible feeding behaviours, but understanding their diet remains challenging due to their elusive ecology and the invasiveness of stomach content analyses in regard of their threatened status. As a potential alternative, we discuss the variability in δ44/42Ca values recorded in the tooth enamel of size‐graded individuals belonging to three species of large sharks with distinct diets (Isurus oxyrinchus, Hexanchus griseus and Carcharodon carcharias). The preliminary results highlight shifts in diet linked to ontogeny (I. oxyrinchus and H. griseus) and spatial distribution (C. carcharias) characterizing feeding behaviour in these species at individual and population level. These outcomes agree with the results of traditional stomach analyses supporting that nontraditional stable isotopes thus represent new perspectives for the study of modern and extinct shark ecology. In addition, for the first time, the Sr/Ca elemental ratios measured in H. griseus reflect sexual differences that could be interpreted in terms of spatial segregation or physiological heterogeneities.
Adult and juvenile dermatomyositis treatment
Authors: Patil Anant , Lu Jun , Kassir Martin , Babaei Mahsa , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting skin and muscles. The disease can be seen in both adults and children. It can be associated with malignancy. Considering involvement of skin in the disease, many patients consult dermatologists for its treatment. Hence, knowledge about its presentation, complications, prognosis, and treatment is necessary.ObjectiveThe objective of this review article is to provide comprehensive information about treatment of dermatomyositis.MethodsIn this review article, we reviewed the published literature on adult and juvenile dermatomyositis to highlight the treatment. Articles published in peer‐reviewed journals including reviews, clinical trials, case series, and case reports published in electronic database (MEDLINE/PubMed) through January 2021, cross references of respective articles and trials from clinicaltrials.gov were included for qualitative analysis of the literature.ResultsTreatment options for dermatomyositis include traditional immunosuppressive agents and immunomodulatory therapy. High‐dose corticosteroids represent the first line of treatment while other immunosuppressive agents are also used, either in combination with or as an alternative to corticosteroids, after initial treatment failure. Some biological agents have been used for the treatment of dermatomyositis with variable responses.ConclusionAlthough several treatment options are available, several questions remain unanswered about the optimal treatment of dermatomyositis.
‘F**k this game … I'm off’: financial and emotional factors in declining legal representation in miscarriage of justice cases
Authors: CLARKE AMY , WELSH LUCY 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we use data from interviews with 45 criminal defence lawyers to examine the reasons behind a decline in publicly funded representation in applications to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC). In doing so, we pay particular attention to the relative significance of financial and emotional factors. Our analysis finds that financial factors related to changes to legal aid are significant drivers of a decline in publicly funded representation, but that the financial unviability of CCRC work is also compounded by emotional factors. These include a sense of insecurity, low levels of satisfaction, and a perceived lack of recognition and appreciation, symbolized by low levels of remuneration and exacerbated by poor relationships with external parties. Emotional factors thus combine with financial factors to reduce the supply of publicly funded advice and deter junior lawyers from specializing in this niche area of practice.
PLCE1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker by promoting the growth and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Abulaiti Zumuretiguli , Chen Leiyu , Xiao Qiaoling , Aimaier Aierfati , Ma Yandi , He Shangfeng , Zhang Jie , Xu Jiang , Cui Xiaobin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of phospholipase C epsilon1 (PLCE1) in the growth and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine its potential as a biomarker with respect to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OSCC.MethodsThe expression level of PLCE1 in tissue specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry (182 OSCC cases and 76 controls) and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Then, the diagnostic value of PLCE1 in OSCC was verified by constructing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan–Meier and Cox analysis were performed to investigate the role of PLCE1 in predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients. Furthermore, the effects of PLCE1 on the occurrence and development of OSCC were revealed by knocking down the level of PLCE1.ResultsPLCE1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of OSCC cells, and its level in OSCC tissues was obviously higher than in adjacent normal tissues. While the expression of PLCE1 did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters of OSCC. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PLCE1 was 0.865 with a sensitivity of 75.8% and a specificity of 78.8%. Besides, high expression of PLCE1 suggested a worse prognosis in OSCC patients than those with low expression. The knockdown of PLCE1 obviously inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, and induce G0 cell cycle phase arrest and apoptosis, thus preventing the progression of OSCC.ConclusionPLCE1 may cause carcinogenesis and development of OSCC, which provide a novel possibility in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OSCC.
Geography of contestation: A study on the Yellow Vest movement and the rise of populism in France
Authors: Bourdin Sebastien , Torre André 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rise of a geography of discontent highlighted in recent studies points to a strong association between voting for populist parties and territories with socioeconomic difficulties. While discontent has primarily been addressed through the analysis of populist votes, we provide additional elements of analysis by comparing these populist votes to the Yellow Vest movement, and we distinguish the populist votes coming from the far‐left party from those coming from the far‐right party. Our results show that the Yellow Vest movement cannot be confused with French populist supporters and that their sensitivity to territorial dimensions also differs from that of the latter, especially in terms of access to public services. Their behavior highlights that the geography of protest takes multiple shapes and cannot be reduced to a simple opposition between urban and mostly rural or peripheral areas. This raises serious concerns about the dynamics of territories and the deleterious effects of metropolization and the closure of public services in peri‐urban and rural territories that are not specific to France.
Characterization of the oral and faecal microbiota associated with atopic dermatitis in dogs selected from a purebred Shiba Inu colony
Authors: Uchiyama J. , Osumi T. , Mizukami K. , Fukuyama T. , Shima A. , Unno A. , Takemura-Uchiyama I. , Une Y. , Murakami H. , Sakaguchi M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that also affects dogs. The oral and gut microbiota are associated with many disorders, including allergy. Few studies have addressed the oral and gut microbiota in dogs, although the skin microbiota has been studied relatively well in these animals. Here, we studied the AD-associated oral and gut microbiota in 16 healthy and 9 AD dogs from a purebred Shiba Inu colony. We found that the diversity of the oral microbiota was significantly different among the dogs, whereas no significant difference was observed in the gut microbiota. Moreover, a differential abundance analysis detected the Family_XIII_AD3011_group (Anaerovoracaceae) in the gut microbiota of AD dogs; however, no bacterial taxa were detected in the oral microbiota. Third, the comparison of the microbial co-occurrence patterns between AD and healthy dogs identified differential networks in which the bacteria in the oral microbiota that were most strongly associated with AD were related to human periodontitis, whereas those in the gut microbiota were related to dysbiosis and gut inflammation. These results suggest that AD can alter the oral and gut microbiota in dogs.
Temporal dysregulation of genes in lamb testis cell during sheeppox virus infection
Authors: Sonowal J. , Patel C.L. , Gandham R.K. , Khan R.I.N. , Praharaj M.R. , Malla W.A. , Dev K. , Barkathullah N. , Bharali K. , Dubey A. , Singh N. , Mishra B.P. , Mishra B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study was aimed to elucidate the host–virus interactions using RNA-Seq analysis at 1 h and 8 h of post-infection of sheeppox virus (SPPV) in lamb testis cell. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the underlying mechanisms linked to the host immune responses were obtained. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) illustrated the interaction between the DEGs and their involvement in cell signalling responses. Highly connected hubs viz. AURKA, CHEK1, CCNB2, CDC6 and MAPK14 were identified through PPI network analysis. IPA analysis showed that IL-6- and ERK5-mediated signalling pathways were highly enriched at both time points. The TP53 gene was identified to be the leading upstream regulator that directly responded to SPPV infection, resulting in downregulation at both time points. The study provides an overview of how the lamb testis genes and their underlying mechanisms link to growth and immune response during SPPV infection.
The leverage effect of bundling on monopoly power and product quality
Authors: Chung Hui‐Ling , Hu Jin‐Li , Lin Yan‐Shu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper re‐examines the leverage effect of bundling under vertical quality differentiation. That is, it studies whether or not the firm can still extend its monopoly power from the monopolist product market to the competing product market by bundling under vertical product quality differentiation. There is an intangible product (such as cloud storage, after sale service, etc.) in a bundled package with vertical quality differentiation. The model herein enables us to further analyze the effects of bundling on a competitor's profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare when the bundler is a high‐ or low‐quality firm and is facing a single‐product competitor. When the bundling product is a high quality product, bundling reinforces the monopolist's market power toward the monopoly good, which runs opposite from the traditional leverage effect. If bundling enhances (shortens) the quality difference in competing goods, then bundling increases (reduces) both the competitor's profit and social welfare, whereas it decreases (increases) consumer surplus. Contrary to traditional literature, we find that mixed bundling may not be superior to pure bundling and the price discrimination via mixed bundling by the multi‐product firm may enhance the consumer surplus.
Comparing different computational approaches for detecting long‐term vertical transmission in host‐associated microbiota
Authors: Perez‐Lamarque Benoît , Morlon Hélène 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLong‐term vertical transmissions of gut bacteria are thought to be frequent and functionally important in mammals. Several phylogenetic‐based approaches have been proposed to detect, among species‐rich microbiota, the bacteria that have been vertically transmitted during a host clade radiation. Applied to mammal microbiota, these methods have sometimes led to conflicting results; in addition, how they cope with the slow evolution of markers typically used to characterize bacterial microbiota remains unclear. Here, we use simulations to test the statistical performances of two widely‐used global‐fit approaches (ParaFit and PACo) and two event‐based approaches (ALE and HOME). We find that these approaches have different strengths and weaknesses depending on the amount of variation in the bacterial DNA sequences and are therefore complementary. In particular, we show that ALE performs better when there is a lot of variation in the bacterial DNA sequences, whereas HOME performs better when there is not. Global‐fit approaches (ParaFit and PACo) have higher type I error rates (false positives) but have the advantage to be very fast to run. We apply these methods to the gut microbiota of primates and our results suggest that only a small fraction of their gut bacteria is vertically transmitted.
Toxicity and response to ipilimumab and nivolumab in older patients with metastatic melanoma: A multicentre retrospective analysis
Authors: Pathmanathan Shivanshan , Babu Hari , Dzienis Marcin , Azer Mary , Eastgate Melissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCombination immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab is an effective therapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, however, its benefit in older patients is unclear. A multicentre retrospective study was performed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of combination immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma in patients ≥65 years versus <65 years, and complications of steroids used to manage toxicity. One hundred and thirty‐nine patients were included with 52 patients ≥65 years (median age: 70; range: 65–83) and 87 patients <65 years (median age: 52; range: 22–64). Median overall survival was similar in patients ≥65 years versus <65 years (14.9 vs. 17.3 months p = .58). Median progression‐free survival was also similar in both groups (7.1 vs. 6.9 months p = .79), as was overall response rate (48.1% vs. 44.8% p = .73). Age was not associated with a difference in overall survival on multivariate analysis. There was similar rates of Grade 3 or higher adverse events in patients ≥65 years versus <65 years (50% vs. 49% p = 1.0) and discontinuation rates secondary to toxicity (55.8% vs. 56% p = 1.0). Median duration of steroids used to treat adverse events was similar (11 vs. 12 weeks p = .46). Complications of steroids requiring inpatient admission was numerically higher in the older patients (41.3% vs. 20.4% p = .07). Patients ≥65 years received similar benefit from combination immunotherapy in comparison to their younger counterparts with similar toxicity.
Forecasting future range shifts of Xylella fastidiosa under climate change
Authors: Godefroid Martin , Cruaud Astrid , Streito Jean‐Claude , Rasplus Jean‐Yves , Rossi Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractXylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a vector‐borne plant bacterium native to the Americas, which causes severe diseases to agricultural crops, ornamental plants and forest trees. The bacterium is becoming a source of worldwide health plant concern and disease outbreaks associated with Xf have occurred outside of its native range (in Europe, Asia and the Middle East). Several studies have estimated risks associated with Xf outbreaks in invaded regions under current climate conditions, but future climate change has been seldom addressed. In the present study, we calibrated correlative models of bioclimatic species distribution to forecast the potential range and severity of two economically important Xf‐related diseases (Pierce's disease and the bacterial leaf scorch of shade trees) by the period 2040–2060. Models predict that conditions could become highly favourable for Pierce's disease in economically important wine‐producing regions of the world, highlighting the need to design control strategies. Similarly, models suggest that risk of bacterial leaf scorch of shade trees might increase in temperate regions where it is still apparently absent. However, we note that substantial uncertainty in predictions arises from high levels of correlation among climatic variables in the calibration data set. The inherent lack of knowledge concerning whether the distribution of Xf‐related diseases is at climatic equilibrium or not in Europe may also influence our predictions. The models provide valuable information to identify regions where increased surveillance efforts should be made and where control strategies are required.
Asymptotic approximation of the likelihood of stationary determinantal point processes
Authors: Poinas Arnaud , Lavancier Frédéric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContinuous determinantal point processes (DPPs) are a class of repulsive point processes on with many statistical applications. Although an explicit expression of their density is known, it is too complicated to be used directly for maximum likelihood estimation. In the stationary case, an approximation using Fourier series has been suggested, but it is limited to rectangular observation windows and no theoretical results support it. In this contribution, we investigate a different way to approximate the likelihood by looking at its asymptotic behavior when the observation window grows toward . This new approximation is not limited to rectangular windows, is faster to compute than the previous one, does not require any tuning parameter, and some theoretical justifications are provided. It moreover provides an explicit formula for estimating the asymptotic variance of the associated estimator. The performances are assessed in a simulation study on standard parametric models on and compare favorably to common alternative estimation methods for continuous DPPs.