bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release conventions of open‐source software: An exploratory study
Authors: Chakroborti Debasish , Nath Sristy Sumana , Schneider Kevin A. , Roy Chanchal K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoftware engineering (SE) methodologies are widely used in both academia and industry to manage the software development life cycle. A number of studies of SE methodologies involve interviewing stakeholders to explore the real‐world practice. Although these interview‐based studies provide us with a user's perspective of an organization's practice, they do not describe the concrete summary of releases in open‐source social coding platforms. In particular, no existing studies investigated how releases are evolved in open‐source coding platforms, which assist release planners to a large extent. This study explores software development patterns followed in open‐source projects to see the overall management's reflection on software release decisions rather than concentrating on a particular methodology. Our experiments on 51 software origins (with 1777k revisions and 12k releases) from the Software Heritage Graph Dataset (SWHGD) and their GitHub project boards (with 23k cards) reveal reasonably active project management with phase simplicity can release software versions more frequently and can follow the small release conventions of Extreme Programming. Additionally, the study also reveals that a combination of development and management activities can be applied to predict the possible number of software releases in a month ( ).
Parecoxib expresses anti‐metastasis effect through inhibition of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in human colon cancer DLD‐1 cell line
Authors: Wong Chung Hang , Chang Wan‐Ling , Lu Fung‐Jou , Liu Yi‐Wen , Peng Jyun‐Yu , Chen Ching‐Hsein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Current treatments involve combination of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. These treatments have demonstrated to increased five‐year survival of a patient with colorectal cancer. However, metastasis is a major capability of cancer cells that causes poor prognosis, recurrence, and even death. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as an effective class of compounds to prevent colon cancer. Parecoxib is an NSAID and the only parenterally administered selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated whether parecoxib inhibits the metastasis of DLD‐1 human colon cancer cells, a COX‐2 null cell line, and the underlying mechanism. Cell migration of the DLD‐1 cells was significantly inhibited by parecoxib treatment as shown by the Transwell migration assay. This enhanced anti‐migration effect was correlated with the attenuated phosphorylation of Akt, expression of vimentin (a mesenchymal marker), and β‐catenin, and corresponded with the upregulated GSK3β and E‐cadherin (an epithelial marker). These findings suggested that parecoxib could inhibit the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in human colon cancer cells by downregulating β‐catenin. Thus, parecoxib could provide a novel prospective strategy for a combination treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs against metastasis of human colon cancer.
Different outcomes of Canid alphaherpesvirus 1 infection in a litter of puppies: The silent viral spread
Authors: Marenzoni Maria Luisa , Troisi Alessandro , Gallo Ilaria , Sylla Lakamy , Decaro Nicola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCanid alphaherpesvirus 1 causes worldwide infection with different outcomes in neonatal puppies and adults, followed by latency. Here, we report the varied outcomes of Canid alphaherpesvirus 1 infection in a Dalmatian litter of 12 puppies in Italy. The diagnosis of Canid alphaherpesvirus 1 was obtained by polymerase chain reaction on internal organs of one of the dead puppies. Another three puppies (one stillborn and two dead within the first 3 days of life) were not investigated (owner's request). Based on a positive result, an epidemiological investigation was performed. The outcome of the infection was particularly variable within the litter (one dead puppy, three healthy polymerase chain reaction‐positive and another five virologically negative puppies). The present case report indicates the relevance of early detection of infection, how the features of herpetic infection can vary in the same litter and how viral spread can be underestimated in asymptomatic dogs. Effective control of Canid alphaherpesvirus 1 infection should include hygienic measures and screening tests, especially in situations in which dogs, even asymptomatic, are mixed.
Allocation, allocation, allocation! The political economy of the development of the European Union Emissions Trading System
Authors: Sato Misato , Rafaty Ryan , Calel Raphael , Grubb Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European Union's pioneering carbon Emissions Trading System, the EU ETS, has inspired countries around the world to launch their own CO2 markets. This paper analyses the evolution of the EU ETS from a political economy perspective, emphasizing the interaction of economic principles and political interests at pivotal moments, and showing how each compromise changed the scope for future design choices. We focus on the allowance allocation issue, which provides a window into the complex tug‐of‐war between economic efficiency and the politics of distribution. Our account highlights the dynamic nature of CO2 market reform, and provides lessons that can help inform the design of more stable and effective CO2 markets in the future.This article is categorized under:
Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Outdoor Learning—Why It Should Be High up on the Agenda of Every Educator
Authors: Jucker Rolf , von Au Jakob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn a world challenged by increasingly complex crises, a sound understanding of reality and high quality learning become crucial elements for strengthening children and making societies more resilient and fit for the future. This chapter argues that outdoor learning—even given the fact that quite a few aspects of it are under-researched—can play an important role in contributing to the kind of learning the twenty-first century needs. Outdoor learning enables cumulative, fundamental fostering of learning in multiple dimensions, such as academic learning, social interaction, personal development and well-being, mental, physical and social health, creativity, and much more. It is an add-in approach, easy to integrate into normal schooling, at very low cost. It therefore should be very high up on the agenda of any decision maker who is concerned with the future of our education systems. The chapter elaborates why the reminder of the book is a toolbox for just such decision makers in education authorities, teacher-training universities, schools and research institutions, to systemically embed outdoor learning in their respective practices.
How Daylight Controls the Biological Clock, Organises Sleep, and Enhances Mood and Performance
Authors: Wirz-Justice Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe human circadian system drives 24-h rhythms in all aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. This rhythmicity ensures that the right function occurs at the right time, and separates incompatible functions. Rhythmic synchronisation is key to overall health and wellbeing, and light input from the day-night cycle is the primary ‘zeitgeber’ or entraining agent. Coordination of internal clocks promotes positive mood, optimum alertness and performance, and ensures sleep quality essential for learning and memory. Indoor light intensity is rarely sufficient to stabilise daily entrainment, while even an hour outdoors in the morning can significantly enhance cognitive function, academic achievement, and physical condition.
Research and Documentation of Outdoor-Based Teaching in Teacher Education—The EOT Project
Authors: Wolf Christina , Kunz Patrick , Robin Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the five-year national research and development project ‘Enabling outdoor-based teaching’ (EOT), focusing on the actual integration and practice of outdoor teaching in teacher education in Switzerland. Teachers’ own outdoor learning experiences are an essential condition for practicing outdoor teaching, as professional life history is a major factor influencing teachers’ decisions on whether and how to implement outdoor sequences in their teaching. There is a current trend for professional development in outdoor education, yet the majority of teachers, experienced and novice, use it rarely. Positive effects of outdoor learning on children’s skill development are widely confirmed by research.While the number of case studies that describe and analyze aspects of outdoor teaching increases, the importance of it for Swiss teacher education is still unknown. Documenting the practice of outdoor teaching and investigating the attitudes of pre-service teachers and teacher educators towards outdoor teaching provide a basis for deeper knowledge on its essence, methods and practice. Furthermore, results from the project can be transferred directly into the practice of participating universities and lead to recommendations on the holistic integration of outdoor learning and teaching in teacher education.
Bonding with the World: A Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Lausselet Nadia , Zosso Ismaël 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOutdoor Education activities are rapidly developing in school practice in Switzerland, still mainly based on personal initiatives from teachers. Teacher training universities have a role to play to reinforce and facilitate professional development of these teachers, guarantee a coherent approach to quality outdoor education, and promote its implementation at a larger scale. In order to do this, universities have to develop programmes both for initial and in-service training, in which they support a progression with various levels of expertise. They also have to develop a scientific discourse around outdoor teacher education, and contribute to a better recognition of the field at a political level. At the moment, in Switzerland, few teacher training institutions have organised any specific arrangements in this direction. The Haute Ecole Pédagogique Vaud has set up a Competence Centre for Outdoor Education, made possible by the priority recently given to sustainability education at state level. The approach promoted within this centre is nourished by ongoing discussions around the Anthropocene and its implications for schools. It therefore fosters a quality outdoor education that builds up environmental literacy and agency by cultivating a sense of bonding with the world. This article presents this approach, focusing on its theoretical and didactical framework before tackling a possible curricular progression at the level of both pupils and teachers. It highlights training and research issues and aims, looking at possibilities and complexities when combining transformative sustainability education, place-based outdoor education and teacher education, while making the link to schools and their structural and curricular realities.
Do Experiences with Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-And-Effect Relationship
Authors: Kuo Ming , Barnes Michael , Jordan Cathy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo experiences with nature—from wilderness backpacking, to plants in a preschool, to a wetland lesson on frogs, promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence on this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted claims but also deepening our understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between nature and learning. Hundreds of studies now bear on this question, and converging evidence strongly suggests that experiences of nature boost academic learning, personal development, and environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances and the current state of our understanding. The research on personal development and environmental stewardship is compelling although not quantitative. Report after report—from independent observers as well as participants themselves—indicate shifts in perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, and resilience after time in nature. Similarly, over fifty studies point to nature playing a key role in the development of pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection to nature. In academic contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. The evidence here is particularly strong, including experimental evidence; evidence across a wide range of samples and instructional approaches; outcomes such as standardized test scores and graduation rates; and evidence for specific explanatory mechanisms and ‘active ingredients’. Nature may promote learning by improving learners’ attention, levels of stress, self-discipline, interest and enjoyment in learning, and physical activity and fitness. Nature also appears to provide a calmer, quieter, safer context for learning; a warmer, more cooperative context for learning; and a combination of “loose parts” and autonomy that fosters developmentally beneficial forms of play. It is time to take nature seriously as a resource for learning—particularly for students not effectively reached by traditional instruction.
Some Impacts on Health and Wellbeing from School-Based Outdoor Learning
Authors: Waite Sue , Aronsson Jennie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSchool-based outdoor learning can offer a valuable means to reach a wider range of children than through community-based health and wellbeing projects as the majority of children regularly attend school. This is especially important now as the time children spend outside has decreased over recent years with access most restricted for low socioeconomic and minority ethnic groups and the COVID-19 pandemic has placed increasing pressures on how to maintain educational outcomes and health. The challenges to contemporary health and wellbeing include both physical and mental health, with rising levels of childhood obesity and declining mental health in youth. In this chapter, we describe research that has looked at pupils’ physical activity levels during the school day, and children’s and teachers’ wellbeing as a result of school-based outdoor learning. We reflect on how these key outcomes—health and wellbeing—may best be supported for this and future generations.
Intraoperative fluoroscopic protocol to avoid rotational malalignment after nailing of tibia shaft fractures: introduction of the ‘C-Arm Rotational View (CARV)’
Authors: Bleeker Nils Jan , Doornberg Job N. , ten Duis Kaj , El Moumni Mostafa , Reininga Inge H. F. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , IJpma Frank F. A. ,   On behalf of the Traumaplatform 3D Consortium, Goedhart L. M. , de Cort B. , Hendrickx L. A. M. , ter Horst M. , Gorter J. , van Luit R. J. , Nieboer P. , Füssenich W. , Zwerver T. , Koster R. , Valk J. J. , Reinke L. , Bleeker J. G. , Cain M. , Beeres F. J. P. , Kerkhoffs G. M. M. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Rotational malalignment (≥ 10°) is a frequent pitfall of intramedullary-nailing of tibial shaft fractures. This study aimed to develop an intraoperative fluoroscopy protocol, coined ‘C-Arm Rotational View (CARV)’, to significantly reduce the risk for rotational malalignment and to test its clinical feasibility.

Methods
A cadaver and clinical feasibility study was conducted to develop the CARV-technique, that included a standardized intraoperative fluoroscopy sequence of predefined landmarks on the uninjured and injured leg in which the rotation of the C-arm was used to verify for rotational alignment. A mid-shaft tibia fracture was simulated in a cadaver and an unlocked intramedullary-nail was inserted. Random degrees of rotational malalignment were applied using a hand-held goniometer via reference wires at the fracture site. Ten surgeons, blinded for the applied rotation, performed rotational corrections according to (1) current clinical practice after single-leg and dual-leg draping, and (2) according to the CARV-protocol. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of the corrections relative to neutral tibial alignment. The CARV-protocol was tested in a small clinical cohort.

Results
In total, 180 rotational corrections were performed by 10 surgeons. Correction according to clinical practice using single-leg and dual-leg draping resulted in a median difference of, respectively, 10.0° (IQR 5.0°) and 10.0° (IQR 5.0°) relative to neutral alignment. Single-leg and dual-leg draping resulted in malalignment (≥10°) in, respectively, 67% and 58% of the corrections. Standardized correction using the CARV resulted in a median difference of 5.0° (IQR 5.0°) relative to neutral alignment, with only 12% categorized as malalignment (≥10°). The incidence of rotational malalignment after application of the CARV decreased from 67% and 58% to 12% (p =  <0.001). Both consultants and residents successfully applied the CARV-protocol. Finally, three clinical patients with a tibial shaft fracture were treated according to the CARV-protocol, resulting all in acceptable alignment (<10°) based on postoperative CT-measurements.

Conclusion
This study introduces an easy-to-use and clinically feasible standardized intraoperative fluoroscopy protocol coined ‘C-arm rotational view (CARV)’ to minimize the risk for rotational malalignment following intramedullary-nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
Personalised prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well established from clinical trials that behavioural interventions can halve the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but translating this evidence of efficacy into effective real-world interventions at scale is an ongoing challenge. A common suggestion is that future preventive interventions need to be more personalised in order to enhance effectiveness. This review evaluates the degree to which existing interventions are already personalised and outlines how greater personalisation could be achieved through better identification of those at high risk, division of type 2 diabetes into specific subgroups and, above all, more individualisation of the behavioural targets for preventive action. Approaches using more dynamic real-time data are in their scientific infancy. Although these approaches are promising they need longer-term evaluation against clinical outcomes. Whatever personalised preventive approaches for type 2 diabetes are developed in the future, they will need to be complementary to existing individual-level interventions that are being rolled out and that are demonstrably effective. They will also need to ideally synergise with, and at the very least not detract attention from, efforts to develop and implement strategies that impact on type 2 diabetes risk at the societal level.
Graphical abstract
Prospective associations between strengths of moral character and health: longitudinal evidence from survey and insurance claims data
Authors: Weziak-Bialowolska Dorota , Lee Matthew T. , Bialowolski Piotr , Chen Ying , VanderWeele Tyler J. , McNeely Eileen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Excellent character, reflected in adherence to high standards of moral behavior, has been argued to contribute to well-being. The study goes beyond this claim and provides insights into the role of strengths of moral character (SMC) for physical and mental health.

Methods
This study used longitudinal observational data merged with medical insurance claims data collected from 1209 working adults of a large services organization in the US. Self-reported physical and mental health as well as diagnostic information on depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease were used as outcomes. The prospective associations between SMC (7 indicators and a composite measure) and physical and mental health outcomes were examined using lagged linear and logistic regression models. A series of sensitivity analyses provided evidence for the robustness of results.

Results
The results suggest that persons who live their life according to high moral standards have substantially lower odds of depression (by 21–51%). The results were also indicative of positive associations between SMC and self-reports of mental health (β = 0.048–0.118) and physical health (β = 0.048–0.096). Weaker indications were found for a protective role of SMC in mitigating anxiety (OR = 0.797 for the indicator of delayed gratification) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.389 for the indicator of use of SMC for helping others).

Conclusions
SMC may be considered relevant for population mental health and physical health. Public health policies promoting SMC are likely to receive positive reception from the general public because character is both malleable and aligned with the nearly universal human desire to become a better person.
The German version of the KOOS-Child questionnaire (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for children) shows a good to excellent internal consistency and a high test–retest reliability in children with knee problems
Authors: Neuhaus Cornelia , Camathias Carlo , Mumme Marcus , Faude Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for children (KOOS-Child) is a self-administered, valid and reliable questionnaire for children and adolescents with knee disorders such as Osgood Schlatter disease, anterior knee pain, and patella dislocation. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the German version of the KOOS-Child questionnaire and test the reliability in two groups of children, one treated conservatively and the other surgically.MethodsA forward–backward translation of the original questionnaire into the German language was conducted. Children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age with knee disorders were included. Two groups were compared: sample one consisted of 24 participants with knee pain [20.8% boys; mean age = 13.4 (1.8) years treated conservatively. These participants completed the KOOS-Child questionnaire twice within two weeks to assess test–retest reliability. The second sample included 23 subjects (21.7% boys; mean age = 15.3 (1.9) years] treated surgically due to a knee disorder. They completed the questionnaire before surgery and six months postoperatively. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation and Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsAll subscales showed a good to excellent internal consistency at both measurement points in both groups (conservatively treated group:a = 0.88–0.95; surgery groupa = 0.80–0.91), with the exception of the subscale knee problems (conservatively treated:a = 0.60 and 0.52; surgery:α = 0.77 and 0.66). Test–retest reliability was betweenr = 0.85 and 0.94.ConclusionThe predominantly good to excellent internal consistency and the high test–retest reliability justifies the use of the German adaptation of the KOOS-Child questionnaire as a reliable multidimensional instrument for measuring health status and therapeutic effects in adolescents’ knee disorders.