bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel bicyclic lactone and other polyphenols from the commercially important vegetable Anthriscus cerefolium
Authors: Slimestad Rune , Rathe Bendik Auran , Aesoy Reidun , Diaz Andrea Estefania Carpinteyro , Herfindal Lars , Fossen Torgils 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGarden chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. is an important herb commonly applied in Norwegian large-scale commercial kitchens. This species is a highly enriched source of phenolics, containing 1260 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) 100–1 g DM, however, the individual phenolic compounds have been scarcely characterized. Here we report on the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolics in garden chervil. The structure of the main phenolic compound was elucidated to be the previously undescribed compound 1,3-dicaffeoyl-5-malonyl-δ-quinide (1) by means of 1D- and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The known flavones apigenin 7-O-β-(2″-apiofuranosylglucopyranoside) (= apiin) (2), apigenin 7-(2″-apiosyl-6″-malonylglucoside) (3) and luteolin 7-glucoside (4) were also identified. Compound 3 is reported for the first time from this plant species. The main phenolic compound, 1,3-dicaffeoyl-5-malonyl-δ-quinide, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards acute monocytic leukaemia cells (MOLM-13) and rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK) with EC50 between 400 and 600 µM.
ECMWF short-term prediction accuracy improvement by deep learning
Authors: Frnda Jaroslav , Durica Marek , Rozhon Jan , Vojtekova Maria , Nedoma Jan , Martinek Radek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to describe and evaluate the proposed calibration model based on a neural network for post-processing of two essential meteorological parameters, namely near-surface air temperature (2 m) and 24 h accumulated precipitation. The main idea behind this work is to improve short-term (up to 3 days) forecasts delivered by a global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model called ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). In comparison to the existing local weather models that typically provide weather forecasts for limited geographic areas (e.g., within one country but they are more accurate), ECMWF offers a prediction of the weather phenomena across the world. Another significant benefit of this global NWP model includes the fact, that by using it in several well-known online applications, forecasts are freely available while local models outputs are often paid. Our proposed ECMWF-enhancing model uses a combination of raw ECMWF data and additional input parameters we have identified as useful for ECMWF error estimation and its subsequent correction. The ground truth data used for the training phase of our model consists of real observations from weather stations located in 10 cities across two European countries. The results obtained from cross-validation indicate that our parametric model outperforms the accuracy of a standard ECMWF prediction and gets closer to the forecast precision of the local NWP models.
Arginase 1 is a marker of protection against illness in contacts of leprosy patients
Authors: da Silva Prata Rhana Berto , Mendes Mayara Abud , Soares Vinicius Cardoso , França-Costa Jaqueline , Sales Anna Maria , Duppré Nádia Cristina , de Matos Borges Valéria , da Silva Tatiana Pereira , Bozza Patricia Torres , Bozza Marcelo Torres , Sarno Euzenir Nunes , Moraes Milton Ozório , Sperandio da Silva Gilberto Marcelo , Pinheiro Roberta Olmo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeprosy household contacts are generally more prone to develop the disease compared to the general population. Previous studies have demonstrated that genes related to the alternative activation (M2) profile in macrophages are associated with the increased bacillary load in multibacillary leprosy patients (MB), and that contacts of MB patients have a higher risk of contracting the disease. In addition, positive serological responses to PGL-1 or LID-1 are associated with a higher risk of disease. We performed a 5-year follow-up of contacts of leprosy patients and evaluated the pattern of gene and protein expression in cells from contacts that developed leprosy during this period. Leprosy household contacts had decreased soluble CD163 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) serum levels when compared with healthy donors and leprosy patients. In contrast, arginase 1 activities were higher in contacts when compared with both healthy donors and leprosy patients. Of the contacts, 33 developed leprosy during the follow-up. Gene expression analysis revealed reducedARG1expression in these contacts when compared with contacts that did not develop disease. Arginase activity was a good predictive marker of protection in contacts (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 96.77%) and the association with serology for anti-PGL-1 and anti-LID-1 increased the sensitivity to 100%. Altogether, the data presented here demonstrate a positive role of arginase against leprosy and suggest that the evaluation of arginase activity should be incorporated into leprosy control programs in order to aid in the decision of which contacts should receive chemoprophylaxis.
Effects of pre-mixed gas composition on combustion characteristics of micro pilot dual fuel (MPDF) in a heavy-duty dual fuel engine
Authors: Choi Minhoo , Park Sungwook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of premixed gas compositions on the combustion characteristics in micro pilot duel fuel (MPDF) conditions were investigated. Propane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide gases were added to methane gas, and engine experiments were conducted under various premixed gas compositions. A single-cylinder heavy-duty engine with a combustion chamber volume of 1100 mm3 and compression ratio of 17.0 was used. A 55 kW DC dynamometer was used to operate the single-cylinder dual-fuel engine at a constant engine speed. At high propane mixture ratios, knocking combustion occurred, accompanied by intense engine vibrations, owing to the low octane number of propane. Knocking combustion led to an increase in the combustion variation and ringing intensity (which represents the knocking combustion intensity). In contrast, at high ratios of hydrogen, which has a high octane number, knocking combustion was suppressed, and the speed of combustion was lower than that in the case of high propane mixture ratios. The optimum conditions corresponded to a ringing intensity of 3–5 MW/m2. The addition of even a small amount of propane gas enhanced the engine performances in misfiring conditions. In contrast, a considerable amount of hydrogen gas was required to prevent abnormal combustion because of the low density of hydrogen gas. The presence of carbon dioxide effectively stabilized MPDF combustion by suppressing knocking combustion.
Exposure of domestic dogs and cats to ticks (Acari: Ixodida) and selected tick-borne diseases in urban and recreational areas in southern Poland
Authors: Kocoń Anna , Asman Marek , Nowak-Chmura Magdalena , Witecka Joanna , Rączka Grzegorz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe public health problem of tick-borne diseases has attracted much attention in recent years due to an increasing incidence in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of exposure to ticks and tick-borne infections in dogs and cats in recreational and urbanized areas in the Lesser Poland and Silesian Provinces. For molecular testing for the presence of the selected pathogens, 207I.ricinusfemales collected from 119 dogs and 50 cats, and 2I.hexagonusfemales collected from 2 domestic dogs, were examined. Overall,A.phagocytophilumwas found in 3.7% of theI.ricinusspecimens,B.microtiin 27.1%, andB.burgdorferis.l. in 0.9%. In urban areas of both provinces,A.phagocytophilumwas found in 4.8% of theI.ricinusspecimens,B.microtiin 41.6%andB.burgdorferis.l. in 3.9%.Pathogens were detectedB.microtiin both studiedI.hexagonusspecimens. These findings may indicate the important role that these animals play in the circulation of these pathogens in nature.
Child saliva microbiota and caries: a randomized controlled maternal education trial in rural Uganda
Authors: Muhoozi Grace K. M. , Li Kelvin , Atukunda Prudence , Skaare Anne B. , Willumsen Tiril , Enersen Morten , Westerberg Ane C. , Morris Alison , Vieira Alexandre R. , Iversen Per O. , Methé Barbara A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUndernutrition is a public health challenge in sub-Saharan countries, including Uganda. In a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a nutrition, hygiene and stimulation education intervention among mothers of 6 months’ old children, we found less caries in the intervention group when the children were 36 months of age. We now examined the effects of (i) the intervention on the microbiota, (ii) microbiota on caries, and (iii) the intervention and microbiota on caries. The original RCT comprised 511 mother/child pairs whereas in the current study we had access to data from 344/511 (67%) children aged 36 months. The saliva microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carious lesions (a proxy for dental health) were identified using close-up intra-oral photographs of the upper front teeth. Statistical models were used to determine host-microbiota associations. The intervention had a significant effect on the microbiota, e.g. an increase in Streptococcus abundance and decreases in Alloprevotella and Tannerella. Significant associations between the microbiota and dental caries were identified: Positive associations of Capnocytophaga and Tannerella suggest that these taxa may be deleterious to dental health while negative associations of Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, and Abiotrophia suggest taxa potentially beneficial or benign contributors to dental health. Based on taxonomic profiles, the effects of the intervention and microbiota on dental health may be independent of one another. Educational interventions with emphasis on nutrition and oral hygiene may provide a feasible strategy to decrease progression of childhood caries in low-resource settings.
Analysis of the coexistence of gaming and viewing activities in Twitch users and their relationship with pathological gaming: a multilayer perceptron approach
Authors: Cabeza-Ramírez L. Javier , Rey-Carmona Francisco José , del Carmen Cano-Vicente Mª , Solano-Sánchez Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe enormous expansion of the video game sector, driven by the emergence of live video game streaming platforms and the professionalisation of this hobby through e-sports, has spurred interest in research on the relationships with potential adverse effects derived from cumulative use. This study explores the co-occurrence of the consumption and viewing of video games, based on an analysis of the motivations for using these services, the perceived positive uses, and the gamer profile. To that end, a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network is developed and tested on a sample of 970 video game users. The results show that the variables with a significant influence on pathological gaming are the motivation of a sense of belonging to the different platforms, as well as the positive uses relating to making friends and the possibility of making this hobby a profession. Furthermore, the individual effects of each of the variables have been estimated. The results indicate that the social component linked to the positive perception of making new friends and the self-perceived level as a gamer have been identified as possible predictors, when it comes to a clinical assessment of the adverse effects. Conversely, the variables age and following specific streamers are found to play a role in reducing potential negative effects.
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study and the Ural Very Old Study
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Gilmanshin Timur R. , Zainullin Rinat M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Iakupova Ellina M. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Gilemzianova Leisan I. , Khakimov Dinar A. , Miniazeva Liana A. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformation about prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been scarce for the Russian, Eastern European and Central Asian world region. We assessed prevalence and associated factors of NAFLD in two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS)), which were conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40 + years and 85 + years, respectively. Defining NAFLD by an absence of regular alcohol consumption, and by abnormally high alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) concentrations or an AST/ALT ratio of > 1.0, 2341 out of 5852 UEMS participants (40.0%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 38.8, 41.3) had NAFLD. A higher NAFLD prevalence correlated (multivariable analysis) with older age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; 95%CI 1.01, 1.03; P < 0.001), female sex (OR 1.87; 95%CI 1.58, 2.21; P < 0.001), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (OR 2.64; 95%CI 1.11, 6.27; P = 0.03), lower depression score (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.96, 0.999; P = 0.04), higher serum concentrations of creatinine (OR 1.004; 95%CI 1.000, 1.008; P = 0.03) and bilirubine (OR 1.009; 95%CI 1.002, 1.015; P = 0.008), lower prothrombin index (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.985, 0.998; P = 0.01), lower ankle-brachial index (OR 0.49; 95%CI 0.32, 0.75; P = 0.001), higher prevalence of a grain-rich diet (OR 1.88; 95%CI 1.50, 2.36; P < 0.001) and iron deficiency-related anemia (OR 1.61; 95%CI 1.13, 2.29; P = 0.009), and lower prevalence of vigorous leisure activities (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.72, 0.99; P = 0.04). In the UVOS, NAFLD prevalence (mean: 789/1130; 69.8%; 95%CI 67.1, 72.3) was associated with female sex (OR 2.24; 95%CI 1.66, 3.01; P < 0.001), higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.17, 1.55; P < 0.001), lower prothrombin index (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.002), and lower ankle-brachial index (OR 0.03; 95%CI 0.02, 0.29; P = 0.003). The NAFLD prevalence of 40% in the UEMS and 69.8% in the UVOS corresponds to findings obtained in other world regions and shows the importance of NAFLD, including its determinants such as age, sex, waist-hip ratio, serum creatinine concentration, prothrombin index, ankle-brachial index, and lower physical activity.
Large-scale genetic correlation scanning and causal association between deep vein thrombosis and human blood metabolites
Authors: Luo Pan , Xu Jiawen , Cheng Shiqiang , Xu Ke , Jing Wensen , Zhang Feng , Xu Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in a deep vein. Recently, some studies have found that metabolites are related to the occurrence of DVT and may serve as new markers for the diagnosis of DVT. In this study, we used the GWAS summary dataset of blood metabolites and DVT to perform a large-scale genetic correlation scan of DVT and blood metabolites to explore the correlation between blood metabolites and DVT. We used GWAS summary data of DVT from the UK Biobank (UK Biobank fields: 20002) and GWAS summary data of blood metabolites from a previously published study (including 529 metabolites in plasma or serum from 7824 adults from two European population studies) for genetic correlation analysis. Then, we conducted a causal study between the screened blood metabolites and DVT by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In the first stage, genetic correlation analysis identified 9 blood metabolites that demonstrated a suggestive association with DVT. These metabolites included Valine (correlation coefficient = 0.2440, P value = 0.0430), Carnitine (correlation coefficient = 0.1574, P value = 0.0146), Hydroxytryptophan (correlation coefficient = 0.2376, P value = 0.0360), and 1-stearoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (correlation coefficient = − 0.3850, P value = 0.0258). Then, based on the IVW MR model, we analysed the causal relationship between the screened blood metabolites and DVT and found that there was a suggestive causal relationship between Hydroxytryptophan (exposure) and DVT (outcome) (β = − 0.0378, se = 0.0163, P = 0.0204). Our study identified a set of candidate blood metabolites that showed a suggestive association with DVT. We hope that our findings will provide new insights into the pathogenesis and diagnosis of DVT in the future.
Paleoreconstructions of ciliate communities reveal long-term ecological changes in temperate lakes
Authors: Barouillet Cécilia , Vasselon Valentin , Keck François , Millet Laurent , Etienne David , Galop Didier , Rius Damien , Domaizon Isabelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCiliates are unicellular heterotrophic organisms that play a key role in aquatic planktonic and benthic food webs. Advances in sedimentary DNA (sed-DNA) analysis offer the possibility to integrate these bioindicators in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. In this study, we used the top–bottom paleolimnological approach and metabarcoding techniques applied to sed-DNA to compare the recent and past (i.e. prior to major anthropogenic impacts) ciliate communities of 48 lakes located along an elevation gradient. Our results show an overall decline in the β-diversity in recent time, especially in lowland lakes, which are more strongly exposed to local human pressures. Analyses of the functional groups indicate important restructuration of the food web, including the recent increase in mixotrophs. Moreover, changes in the benthic ciliates were consistent with the widespread increase in deep water anoxia. Our results provided evidence that sed-DNA can uncover information about past ciliate communities on a wide variety of lakes. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of using ciliates as new paleoindicators, integrating information from the pelagic to the benthic zones, and providing valuable insights into ecosystem functioning through a trait-based functional community approach. As paleoindicator, they thus offer a more holistic view on the long-term changes of aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of age and gender on body composition indices as predictors of mortality in middle-aged and old people
Authors: Chang Chin-Sung , Liu I-Ting , Liang Fu-Wen , Li Chia-Chun , Sun Zih-Jie , Chang Yin-Fan , Chao Ting-Hsing , Wu Chih-Hsing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo determine whether body composition indices interact with age and gender as a predictor of all-cause mortality, 1200 participants at least 40 years of age were recruited in 2009 and 2010. A multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to measure each participant’s body composition indices, including the fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and visceral fat area index (VFAI). A baseline questionnaire was used to collect demographic information about lifestyle habits, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions. All claimed records of death from 2009 to 2018 in the National Health Insurance Research Databank were identified. The all-cause mortality rate was 8.67% after a mean follow-up period of 5.86 ± 2.39 person-years. The Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed significantly negative associations between FFMI or SMMI with all-cause mortality in the total group and those aged $$\geq$$
≥
65 y/o. The FFMI and SMMI were negative predictors of mortality in both genders. The FMI and VFAI were positive predictors of mortality exclusively in females. In conclusion, the SMMI is a better predictor of mortality than the BMI, FMI, and FFMI, especially in older adults. A higher fat mass or visceral fat distribution may predict higher mortality in females.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) with temperature-dependent sex determination system
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Wang Yakun , Yuan Ju , Liu Fang , Hong Xiaoyou , Yu Lingyun , Chen Chen , Li Wei , Ni Wei , Liu Haiyang , Zhao Jian , Wei Chengqing , Chen Haigang , Liu Yihui , Zhu Xinping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge of sex determination has important implications in physiology, ecology and genetics, but the evolutionary mechanisms of sex determination systems in turtles have not been fully elucidated, due to a lack of reference genomes. Here, we generate a high-quality genome assembly of Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) using continuous long-read (PacBio platform), Illumina, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. TheM.muticahaplotype has a genome size of 2.23 Gb with a contig N50 of 8.53 Mb and scaffold N50 of 141.98 Mb. 99.98% sequences of the total assembly are anchored to 26 pseudochromosomes. Comparative genomics analysis indicated that the lizard-snake-tuatara clade diverged from the bird-crocodilian-turtle clade at approximately 267.0–312.3 Mya. Intriguingly, positive selected genes are mostly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, which are involved in the process of temperature-dependent sex determination. These findings provide important evolutionary insights into temperature-dependent sex determination system.
Orientation-dependent fiber-optic inclinometer based on core-offset michelson interferometer
Authors: Wang Huajie , Zheng Laifang , Zhang Junsheng , Liu Jijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn in-fiber Michelson interferometer (MI)-based inclinometer, which consists of misalignment-spliced fiber with end coating, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The incident light divided at the misalignment-spliced joint is reflected at the end coating, and then re-coupled into the fiber core. Due to the phase difference between the core mode and the $$m{\text{th}}$$

m
th

cladding mode, a typical MI is formed. The fiber near the misalignment-spliced joint is inserted in two capillary quartz tubes. The tilt of the capillary quartz tube leads to a significant deformation and curvature of the misalignment-spliced joint, which causes the wavelength and intensity of the MI spectrum to change. The experimental results indicate a good response within the angle range of 0°–50°. Both the wavelength modulation and intensity modulation are realized, with sensitivities of 0.55 nm/deg and 0.17 dB/deg, respectively. Moreover, the sensor shows a strong orientation dependence due to the asymmetric structure in the misalignment-spliced joint.