bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the post-processing algorithms SimGrid and S-Enhance for paediatric intensive care patients and neonates
Authors: Krueger Paul-Christian , Ebeling Katharina , Waginger Matthias , Glutig Katja , Scheithauer Marcel , Schlattmann Peter , Proquitté Hans , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-processing software can be used in digital radiography to achieve higher image quality, especially in cases of scattered radiation. SimGrid is a grid-like software based on a Convolutional Neuronal Network that estimates the distribution and degree of scattered radiation in radiographs and thus improves image quality by simulating an anti-scatter grid. S-Enhance is an algorithm programmed to improve contrast visibility of foreign material.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the SimGrid and S-Enhance digital radiography post-processing methods for neonatology and paediatric intensive care.

Materials and Methods
Two hundred and ten radiographs from the neonatal (n = 101, 0 to 6 months of age) and paediatric (n = 109, 6 months to 18 years of age) intensive care units performed in daily clinical routine using a mobile digital radiography system were post-processed with one of the algorithms, anonymized and then evaluated comparatively by two experienced paediatric radiologists. For every radiograph, patient data and exposure data were collected and analysed.

Results
Analysis of different radiographs showed that SimGrid significantly improves image quality for patients with a weight above 10 kg (range: 10–30 kg: odds ratio [OR] = 6.683, P < 0.0001), especially regarding the tracheobronchial system, intestinal gas, and bones. Utilizing S-Enhance significantly advances the assessment of foreign material (OR = 136.111, P < 0.0001) and bones (OR = 34.917, P < 0.0001) for children of all ages and weight, whereas overall image quality decreases.

Conclusion
SimGrid offers a differentiated spectrum in image improvement for children beyond the neonatal period whereas S-Enhance especially improves visibility of foreign material and bones for all patients.
Influence of 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus 0.9% Saline on Intraoperative Maintenance Fluid Requirements in Adult Patients Undergoing Major Open Abdominal Surgeries: Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Behera Shri Hari Priya , Misra Satyajeet , Behera Bikram Kishore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThree percent hypertonic saline (3% HTS) acts like an osmotic buffer and draws fluid from the extracellular space into the intravascular compartment. Primary objective was to evaluate whether use of 3% HTS resulted in a difference in intraoperative maintenance fluid requirement versus 0.9% saline (NS). Secondary objectives were to evaluate differences in 24 h fluid requirements and safety of 3% HTS.MethodsAdult patients of either sex, 18–65 years, undergoing elective major open abdominal surgeries were randomized to receive infusions of 3% HTS or NS at 1 ml/kg/hr through large bore peripheral i.v cannulas, or central venous catheters after anesthesia induction. Intraoperative maintenance fluids were administered to maintain mean arterial pressure (≥70 mmHg), urine output (≥0.5 ml/kg/hr) and central venous pressure of 8–10 cm H2O.ResultsNinety‐three patients completed the study (46 in 3% HTS and 47 in NS group). No difference was seen in the volume of intraoperative maintenance fluids (3% HTS vs NS; 2243.9 ± 896.7 ml vs 2093.6 ± 868.7 ml; P = 0.34). Similarly, the 24 h postoperative fluid requirement was not different (3% HTS vs NS; 2006.6 ± 398.6 ml vs 2018.3 ± 389.3 ml; P = 0.94). Patients in 3% HTS group had statistically but not clinically significant higher serum sodium values at postoperative 12th and 24 h. No complication like thrombophlebitis or tissue ischemia was reported due to administration of 3% HTS through peripheral lines.ConclusionAdministration of 3% HTS did not reduce intraoperative maintenance fluid requirements in patients undergoing major open abdominal surgeries.Trial registrationCTRI/2019/09/021032.
Bronchial wall parameters on CT in healthy never-smoking, smoking, COPD, and asthma populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dudurych Ivan , Muiser Susan , McVeigh Niall , Kerstjens Huib A.M. , van den Berge Maarten , de Bruijne Marleen , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Research on computed tomography (CT) bronchial parameter measurements shows that there are conflicting results on the values for bronchial parameters in the never-smoking, smoking, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) populations. This review assesses the current CT methods for obtaining bronchial wall parameters and their comparison between populations.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (last search date 25th October 2021). Methodology data was collected and summarised. Values of percentage wall area (WA%), wall thickness (WT), summary airway measure (Pi10), and luminal area (Ai) were pooled and compared between populations.

Results
A total of 169 articles were included for methodologic review; 66 of these were included for meta-analysis. Most measurements were obtained from multiplanar reconstructions of segmented airways (93 of 169 articles), using various tools and algorithms; third generation airways in the upper and lower lobes were most frequently studied. COPD (12,746) and smoking (15,092) populations were largest across studies and mostly consisted of men (median 64.4%, IQR 61.5 – 66.1%). There were significant differences between populations; the largest WA% was found in COPD (mean SD 62.93 ± 7.41%, n = 6,045), and the asthma population had the largest Pi10 (4.03 ± 0.27 mm, n = 442). Ai normalised to body surface area (Ai/BSA) (12.46 ± 4 mm2, n = 134) was largest in the never-smoking population.

Conclusions
Studies on CT-derived bronchial parameter measurements are heterogenous in methodology and population, resulting in challenges to compare outcomes between studies. Significant differences between populations exist for several parameters, most notably in the wall area percentage; however, there is a large overlap in their ranges.

Key Points
• Diverse methodology in measuring airways contributes to overlap in ranges of bronchial parameters among the never-smoking, smoking, COPD, and asthma populations.
• The combined number of never-smoking participants in studies is low, limiting insight into this population and the impact of participant characteristics on bronchial parameters.
• Wall area percent of the right upper lobe apical segment is the most studied (87 articles) and differentiates all except smoking vs asthma populations.
Robustness of CT radiomics features: consistency within and between single-energy CT and dual-energy CT
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhong Jingyu , Wang Lan , Shi Xiaomeng , Lu Wei , Li Jianying , Feng Jianxing , Xia Yihan , Chang Rui , Fan Jing , Chen Liwei , Zhu Ying , Yan Fuhua , Yao Weiwu , Zhang Huan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate inter- and intra- scan mode and scanner repeatability and reproducibility of radiomics features within and between single-energy CT (SECT) and dual-energy CT (DECT).

Methods
A standardized phantom with sixteen rods of clinical-relevant densities was scanned on seven DECT-capable scanners and three SECT-only scanners. The acquisition parameters were selected to present typical abdomen-pelvic examinations with the same voxel size. Images of SECT at 120 kVp and corresponding 120 kVp-like virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) in DECT which were generated according to scanners were analyzed. Regions of interest were drawn with rigid registrations to avoid variations due to segmentation. Radiomics features were extracted via Pyradiomics platform. Test-retest repeatability was evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis for repeated scans. Intra-scanner reproducibility for different scan modes was tested by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Inter-scanner reproducibility among different scanners for same scan mode was assessed by coefficient of variation (CV) and quartile coefficient of dispersion (QCD).

Results
The test-retest analysis presented that 92.91% and 87.02% of the 94 assessed features were repeatable for SECT 120kVp and DECT 120 kVp-like VMIs, respectively. The intra-scanner analysis for SECT 120kVp vs DECT 120 kVp-like VMIs demonstrated that 10.76% and 10.28% of features were with ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.90, respectively. The inter-scanner analysis showed that 17.09% and 27.73% of features for SECT 120kVp were with CV < 10% and QCD < 10%, and 15.16% and 32.78% for DECT 120 kVp-like VMIs, respectively.

Conclusions
The majority of radiomics features were non-reproducible within and between SECT and DECT.

Key Points
• Although the test-retest analysis showed high repeatability for radiomics features, the overall reproducibility of radiomics features within and between SECT and DECT was low.
• Only about one-tenth of radiomics features extracted from SECT images and corresponding DECT images did match each other, even their average photon energy levels were considered alike, indicating that the scan mode potentially altered the radiomics features.
• Less than one-fifth of radiomics features were reproducible among multiple SECT and DECT scanners, regardless of their fixed acquisition and reconstruction parameters, suggesting the necessity of scanning protocol adjustment and post-scan harmonization process.
Management of chronic anal fissure: results of a national survey among gastrointestinal surgeons in the Netherlands
Authors: van Reijn-Baggen Danielle A. , Dekker Lisette , Elzevier Henk W. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Han-Geurts Ingrid J. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic anal fissure (CAF) is a common, bothersome condition frequently accompanied by pelvic floor complaints. Despite current guidelines, optimal management is challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate current management of CAF among gastrointestinal surgeons in the Netherlands.

Methods
Dutch gastrointestinal surgeons and residents were sent a survey invitation by email, which was available online between June 2021 and September 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions concerning work experience, physical examination, diagnostic and surgical techniques, and follow-up.

Results
Overall, 106 (33%) respondents completed the survey. Most respondents (59%) had at least 10 years of experience in treating CAF. Only 23% always addressed pelvic floor complaints. Fifty-one percent performed digital rectal examination and 22% always, or almost always, examined the pelvic floor muscles. Most respondents started treatment with fibers and/or laxatives and ointment (96%). Diltiazem was in 90% the preferred ointment. Twenty-two percent referred patients for pelvic floor physical therapy. Botulinum toxin was in 54% performed under general or spinal anesthesia or sedation. The surgical procedure of choice was fissurectomy (71%) followed by lateral internal sphincterotomy (27%). Fissurectomy was in 51% always combined with botulinum toxin. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents preferred a physical follow-up appointment.

Conclusion
Guideline recommendations are largely followed in the Netherlands, starting with conservative measures followed by surgical procedures. Surgeons do not consistently assess pelvic floor complaints, nor do they routinely examine the pelvic floor muscles. Awareness of pelvic floor dysfunctions is important to refer patients for pelvic floor physical therapy.
A sheep model of chronic cervical compressive myelopathy via an implantable wireless compression device
Authors: Li Zihe , Zhai Shuheng , Liu Shanshan , Chen Chunhua , Guo Xinhu , Hu Panpan , Wang Ben , Zhang Youyu , Wei Feng , Liu Zhongjun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to establish an animal model in which we can precisely displace the spinal cord and therefore mimic the chronic spinal compression of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Methods
In vivo intervertebral compression devices (IVCDs) connected with subcutaneous control modules (SCCMs) were implanted into the C2-3 intervertebral disk spaces of sheep and connected by Bluetooth to an in vitro control system. Sixteen sheep were divided into four groups: (Group A) control; (Group B) 10-week progressive compression, then held; (Group C) 20-week progressive compression, then held; and (Group D) 20-week progressive compression, then decompression. Electrophysiological analysis (latency and amplitude of the N1-P1-N2 wave in somatosensory evoked potentials, SEP), behavioral changes (Tarlov score), imaging test (encroachment ratio (ER) of intraspinal invasion determined by X-ray and CT scan), and histological examinations (hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and TUNEL staining) were performed to assess the efficacy of our model.

Results
Tarlov scores gradually decreased as compression increased with time and partially recovered after decompression. The Pearson correlation coefficient between ER and time was r = 0.993 (p < 0.001) in Group B at 10 weeks and Groups C and D at 20 weeks. And ER was negatively correlated with the Tarlov score (r = -0.878, p < 0.001). As compression progressed, the SEP latency was significantly extended (p < 0.001), and the amplitude significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while they were both partially restored after decompression. The number of abnormal motor neurons and TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly (p < 0.001) with compression.

Conclusion
Our implantable and wireless intervertebral compression model demonstrated outstanding controllability and reproducibility in simulating chronic cervical spinal cord compression in animals.
Frequency response of swarm deformation with control barrier function
Authors: Origane Y. , Hattori Y. , Kurabayashi D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we focused on robotic swarms, allowing multiple anonymous autonomous robots to gather and move mutually in tasks. We proposed a method to design a parameter of the control barrier function (CBF) in a robotic swarm so that the swarm can achieve collision-free deformation considering the environmental conditions. We analyzed the responses to perturbations of swarming robots, to which we applied the CBF. Although we can guarantee a safe distance between mobile robots, the CBF limits their actions and prevents swarm deformation. Through analysis of the frequency domain, we investigated the effects of a selected parameter in the CBF on the deformability of a swarm. We obtained an appropriate range of parameters that realize both distance maintenance and deformability retention.
Overall readmissions and readmissions related to dehydration after creation of an ileostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vogel I. , Shinkwin M. , van der Storm S. L. , Torkington J. , A.Cornish J. , Tanis P. J. , Hompes R. , Bemelman W. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospital readmissions after creation of an ileostomy are common and come with a high clinical and financial burden. The aim of this review with pooled analysis was to determine the incidence of dehydration-related and all-cause readmissions after formation of an ileostomy, and the associated costs.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted for studies reporting on dehydration-related and overall readmission rates after formation of a loop or end ileostomy between January 1990 and April 2021. Analyses were performed using R Statistical Software Version 3.6.1.ResultsThe search yielded 71 studies (n = 82,451 patients). The pooled incidence of readmissions due to dehydration was 6% (95% CI 0.04–0.09) within 30 days, with an all-cause readmission rate of 20% (CI 95% 0.18–0.23). Duration of readmissions for dehydration ranged from 2.5 to 9 days. Average costs of dehydration-related readmission were between $2750 and $5924 per patient. Other indications for readmission within 30 days were specified in 15 studies, with a pooled incidence of 5% (95% CI 0.02–0.14) for dehydration, 4% (95% CI 0.02–0.08) for stoma outlet problems, and 4% (95% CI 0.02–0.09) for infections.ConclusionsOne in five patients are readmitted with a stoma-related complication within 30 days of creation of an ileostomy. Dehydration is the leading cause for these readmissions, occurring in 6% of all patients within 30 days. This comes with high health care cost for a potentially avoidable cause. Better monitoring, patient awareness and preventive measures are required.
PM2.5 exceedances and source appointment as inputs for an early warning system
Authors: Rincon Gladys , Morantes Quintana Giobertti , Gonzalez Ahilymar , Buitrago Yudeisy , Gonzalez Jean Carlos , Molina Constanza , Jones Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBetween June 2018 and April 2019, a sampling campaign was carried out to collect PM2.5, monitoring meteorological parameters and anthropogenic events in the Sartenejas Valley, Venezuela. We develop a logistic model for PM2.5 exceedances (≥ 12.5 µg m−3). Source appointment was done using elemental composition and morphology of PM by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). A proposal of an early warning system (EWS) for PM pollution episodes is presented. The logistic model has a holistic success rate of 94%, with forest fires and motor vehicle flows as significant variables. Source appointment analysis by occurrence of events showed that samples with higher concentrations of PM had carbon-rich particles and traces of K associated with biomass burning, as well as aluminosilicates and metallic elements associated with resuspension of soil dust by motor-vehicles. Quantitative source appointment analysis showed that soil dust, garbage burning/marine aerosols and wildfires are three majority sources of PM. An EWS for PM pollution episodes around the Sartenejas Valley is proposed considering the variables and elements mentioned.
Optimality conditions for invex nonsmooth optimization problems with fuzzy objective functions
Authors: Antczak Tadeusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the definitions of Clarke generalized directional $$\alpha $$
α
-derivative and Clarke generalized gradient are introduced for a locally Lipschitz fuzzy function. Further, a nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problem with fuzzy objective function and both inequality and equality constraints is considered. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions are established for such a nonsmooth extremum problem. For proving these conditions, the approach is used in which, for the considered nonsmooth fuzzy optimization problem, its associated bi-objective optimization problem is constructed. The bi-objective optimization problem is solved by its associated scalarized problem constructed in the weighting method. Then, under invexity hypotheses, (weakly) nondominated solutions in the considered nonsmooth fuzzy minimization problem are characterized through Pareto solutions in its associated bi-objective optimization problem and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points of the weighting problem.
Revisiting selected ethical aspects of current clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice
Authors: von Schondorf-Gleicher Anja , Mochizuki Lyka , Orvieto Raoul , Patrizio Pasquale , Caplan Arthur S. , Gleicher Norbert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEthical considerations are central to all medicine though, likely, nowhere more essential than in the practice of reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Through in vitro fertilization (IVF), this is the only field in medicine involved in creating human life. IVF has, indeed, so far led to close to 10 million births worldwide. Yet, relating to substantial changes in clinical practice of IVF, the medical literature has remained surprisingly quiet over the last two decades. Major changes especially since 2010, however, call for an updated commentary. Three key changes deserve special notice: Starting out as a strictly medical service, IVF in recent years, in efforts to expand female reproductive lifespans in a process given the term “planned” oocyte cryopreservation, increasingly became more socially motivated. The IVF field also increasingly underwent industrialization and commoditization by outside financial interests. Finally, at least partially driven by industrialization and commoditization, so-called add-ons, the term describing mostly unvalidated tests and procedures added to IVF since 2010, have been held responsible for worldwide declines in fresh, non-donor live birthrates after IVF, to levels not seen since the mid-1990s. We here, therefore, do not offer a review of bioethical considerations regarding IVF as a fertility treatment, but attempt to point out ethical issues that arose because of major recent changes in clinical IVF practice.
The Visible Spectro-Polarimeter of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
Authors: de Wijn A. G. , Casini R. , Carlile A. , Lecinski A. R. , Sewell S. , Zmarzly P. , Eigenbrot A. D. , Beck C. , Wöger F. , Knölker M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) is a traditional slit-scanning spectrograph with the ability to observe solar regions up to a $120\times 78~\mbox{arcsec}^{2}$
120
×
78

arcsec
2

area. The design implements dual-beam polarimetry, a polychromatic polarization modulator, a high-dispersion echelle grating, and three spectral channels that can be automatically positioned. A defining feature of the instrument is its capability to tune anywhere within the 380 – 900 nm range of the solar spectrum, allowing for a virtually infinite number of combinations of three wavelengths to be observed simultaneously. This enables the ViSP user to pursue well-established spectro-polarimetric studies of the magnetic structure and plasma dynamics of the solar atmosphere, as well as completely novel investigations of the solar spectrum. Within the suite of first-generation instruments at the DKIST, ViSP is the only wavelength-versatile spectro-polarimeter available to the scientific community. It was specifically designed as a discovery instrument to explore new spectroscopic and polarimetric diagnostics and test improved models of polarized line formation through high spatial-, spectral-, and temporal-resolution observations of the Sun’s polarized spectrum. In this instrument article, we describe the science requirements and design drivers of ViSP and present preliminary science data collected during the commissioning of the instrument.