bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathway to the Transformative Policy of Agenda 2030: Evaluation of Finland’s Sustainable Development Policy
Authors: Räkköläinen Mari , Saxén Anu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFinland has been the first country in the world to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the national implementation the Agenda 2030. The purpose of the evaluation was to support efficient implementation of the agenda by producing information on the nation’s sustainability work for all administrative branches. The evaluation results are used for coherence in the policies and long-term sustainable development activities. The evaluation produced concrete recommendations on future directions for sustainable development policy. It also proposed future evaluation approaches.In this chapter, the authors present the evaluation approach and discuss the key results and their usage. They identify the essential elements of the utility of the evaluation in contributing to national progress of sustainable development policy. The Agenda 2030 evaluation approach was developmentally oriented and conducted in a very participatory manner. The authors reflect on the evaluative lessons learned and future options. They encourage emphasis on learning throughout the evaluation process even more in policy-level evaluations, and special attention to usefulness of the evaluation results already in evaluation design. Designing inclusive evaluation processes is a crucial precondition for evidence-informed learning and decision making in promoting transformative policy in the country context.
Evaluating for Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods: Applying a Normative Framework to Emerging Realities
Authors: Kotturi Prashanth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluation has to reflect the evolving priorities of development and measure progress on their achievement. At the same time, evaluation must also incorporate newer demands from within the field such as increasing equity focus in evaluations, gender mainstreaming, and human rights. Environment and climate change became mainstreamed into the programming of development organizations following the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and formation of financing mechanisms such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 1991. This chapter reflects on how the Independent Office of Evaluation (IOE) of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) addressed the growing demands on the evaluation function in terms of incorporating concerns on environment and climate within existing methodological frameworks, and also adapting its methodology to meet internal and external evaluation demands. The chapter considers how evolving methodologies, methods, and tools have helped IFAD overcome these issues.
Measuring the Impact of Monitoring: How We Know Transparent Near-Real-Time Data Can Help Save the Forests
Authors: Shea Katherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal Forest Watch (GFW) is an online platform that distills satellite imagery into near-real-time forest change information that anyone can access and act on. Like other open-data platforms, GFW is based on the idea that transparent, publicly available data can support the greater good—in this case, reducing deforestation. By its very nature, the use of freely available data can be difficult to track and its impact difficult to measure. This chapter explores four approaches for measuring the reach and impact of GFW, including quantitative and qualitative approaches for monitoring outcomes and measuring impact. The recommendations can be applied to other transparency initiatives, especially those providing remote-sensing data.
Assessing Sustainability in Development Interventions
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ellen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSustainability is often claimed as an impact in development interventions although there is rarely a shared understanding of what it means, how to design for it, and especially how to assess the likelihood that intended streams of benefits will continue. This chapter asserts that to design and later to evaluate an intervention with sustainable impacts, the intervention must deepen indigenous capabilities to manage the program, to solve problems, and to innovate. The design and implementation also must operate within environmental boundaries, not extracting resources beyond the ability to regenerate or degrading environmental services—that is, design and implementation must incorporate the primacy of the environment. A postprogram evaluation 3–10 years after a program has ended provides evidence on whether the program is likely to have sustainable impacts. A case study of an asset transfer program in Malawi highlights the criteria for evaluating sustainability: deepened capabilities and social capital, reinvestment in program activities, and the development of backward and forward linkages catalyzing growing economic opportunities.
Can We Assume Sustained Impact? Verifying the Sustainability of Climate Change Mitigation Results
Authors: Cekan Jindra , Legro Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to explore how public donors and lenders evaluate the sustainability of environmental and other sectoral development interventions. Specifically, the aim is to examine if, how, and how well post project sustainability is evaluated in donor-funded climate change mitigation (CCM) projects, including the evaluability of these projects. We assessed the robustness of current evaluation practice of results after project exit, particularly the sustainability of outcomes and long-term impact. We explored methods that could reduce uncertainty of achieving results by using data from two pools of CCM projects funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
Diskursive Veränderungen in Psycho zwischen Horrorsensation und Autorenkino
Authors: Kirsten Karina 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAlfred Hitchcocks Film Psycho gilt als einer der meistanalysiertesten Filme der Filmgeschichte. Von einem zu Entstehungszeiten als umstritten aufgenommenen Film hat sich Psycho über die Jahre zu einem Klassiker der Filmkunst und des Genrekinos entwickelt, wo er unter zahlreichen Bestenlisten reiht: 2007 landete Psycho in der vom American Film Institute organisierten Umfrage auf Platz 14 der 100 besten Filme der Filmgeschichte (AFI, „10th Anniversary“), bei der vom britischen Magazin Sight & Sound 2012 initiierten Wahl dagegen ‚nur‘ auf Platz 35, aber wie die Redaktion betont: „Hitchcock’s low budget ‚shocker‘ paved the way for the modern horror film.“
Long-lived heavy neutral leptons at the LHC: four-fermion single-NR operators
Authors: Beltrán Rebeca , Cottin Giovanna , Helo Juan Carlos , Hirsch Martin , Titov Arsenii , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Interest in searches for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) at the LHC has increased considerably in the past few years. In the minimal scenario, HNLs are produced and decay via their mixing with active neutrinos in the Standard Model (SM) spectrum. However, many SM extensions with HNLs have been discussed in the literature, which sometimes change expectations for LHC sensitivities drastically. In the NRSMEFT, one extends the SM effective field theory with operators including SM singlet fermions, which allows to study HNL phenomenology in a “model independent” way. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of ATLAS to HNLs in the NRSMEFT for four-fermion operators with a single HNL. These operators might dominate both production and decay of HNLs, and we find that new physics scales in excess of 20 TeV could be probed at the high-luminosity LHC.
Yang-Mills observables: from KMOC to eikonal through EFT
Authors: de la Cruz Leonardo , Luna Andres , Scheopner Trevor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We obtain a conservative Hamiltonian describing the interactions of two charged bodies in Yang-Mills through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^2\right) $$
O

α
2

and to all orders in velocity. Our calculation extends a recently-introduced framework based on scattering amplitudes and effective field theory (EFT) to consider color-charged objects. These results are checked against the direct integration of the observables in the Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell (KMOC) formalism. At the order we consider we find that the linear and color impulses in a scattering event can be concisely described in terms of the eikonal phase, thus extending the domain of applicability of a formula originally proposed in the context of spinning particles.
Stabilization of SETD3 by deubiquitinase USP27 enhances cell proliferation and hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Zou Tingting , Wang Yang , Dong Ling , Che Tiantian , Zhao Huakan , Yan Xiaohua , Lin Zhenghong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe histone methyltransferase SETD3 plays critical roles in various biological events, and its dysregulation is often associated with human diseases including cancer. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we reported that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 27 (USP27) promotes tumor cell growth by specifically interacting with SETD3, negatively regulating its ubiquitination, and enhancing its stability. Inhibition of USP27 expression led to the downregulation of SETD3 protein level, the blockade of the cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In addition, we found that USP27 and SETD3 expression is positively correlated in HCC tissues. Notably, higher expression of USP27 and SETD3 predicts a worse survival in HCC patients. Collectively, these data elucidated that a USP27-dependent mechanism controls SETD3 protein levels and facilitates its oncogenic role in liver tumorigenesis.
Chronische Hepatitis-B-Virusinfektion: aktuelle und zukünftige Therapieansätze
Authors: Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Thimme Robert 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV-)Infektion stehen aktuell pegyliertes Interferon-Alpha und Nucleosid‑/Nucleotidanaloga (Entecavir und Tenofovir) zur Verfügung. Diese Medikamente ermöglichen eine Virussuppression und eine Normalisierung des Leberenzyms Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase (GPT) und verhindern ein Fortschreiten der Lebererkrankung. Zahlreiche noch in klinischer Entwicklung befindliche Therapiestrategien haben jedoch eine funktionelle Heilung zum Ziel. Dabei soll erreicht werden, dass das HBV-Hüllprotein HBsAg im Blutserum nicht mehr nachweisbar ist („ausgeheilte“ Hepatitis B). Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über aktuelle und mögliche zukünftige antivirale Therapien gegen die chronische HBV-Infektion. Als Grundlage diente eine Literaturrecherche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Leitlinien sowie aktueller Kongressbeiträge.Die aktuell verfügbaren antiviralen Therapien führen nur sehr selten zur Elimination von HBsAg (funktionelle Heilung). Auch ist bisher weitgehend unklar, bei welchen Patienten ein Absetzen der Langzeittherapie mit Entecavir bzw. Tenofovir sinnvoll ist. Neue Therapiestrategien in klinischer Entwicklung führen bei einem höheren Anteil der Patienten zur funktionellen Heilung. Wahrscheinlich ist aber eine Kombination mehrerer antiviraler Strategien erforderlich, um die funktionelle Heilung für die Mehrheit der Patienten zu erreichen. Eine solche Therapie kann voraussichtlich in den nächsten 5–10 Jahren vorliegen.
Pulmonale Rundherde und Pneumonie
Authors: Frauenfelder Thomas , Landsmann Anna 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das konventionelle Röntgenbild zählt zu den am häufigsten durchgeführten radiologischen Untersuchungen. Seine Interpretation gehört zu den Grundkenntnissen jedes Radiologen.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, häufige Zeichen und Muster der Pneumonie sowie Merkmale von Pseudoläsionen im konventionellen Röntgenbild zu erkennen und einen diagnostischen Leitfaden für junge Radiologen zu schaffen.

Methoden
Analyse aktueller Studien und Daten sowie eine Übersicht der häufigsten Zeichen und Muster im konventionellen Röntgenbild.

Ergebnisse
Die Kenntnis über häufige Zeichen und Muster im Röntgenbild bietet eine Hilfestellung in der Diagnostik und kann hinweisend für die Ursache einer Infektion sein. Häufig sind diese Zeichen jedoch unspezifisch und sollten daher immer in klinische Korrelation gesetzt werden. In der Detektion und Beurteilung von pulmonalen Rundherden gewinnt die Computertomographie (CT) durch ihre deutlich höhere Sensitivität in der Primärdiagnostik immer mehr an Bedeutung.

Schlussfolgerung
Das konventionelle Röntgenbild bildet weiterhin eine führende Rolle in der Primärdiagnostik; der Radiologe sollte jedoch die Limitationen des konventionellen Bildes kennen.
Prevalence and self-reported reasons of cannabis use for medical purposes in USA and Canada
Authors: Leung Janni , Chan Gary , Stjepanović Daniel , Chung Jack Yiu Chak , Hall Wayne , Hammond David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Rationale
There has been increasing attention on cannabis use for medical purposes, but there is currently a lack of data on its epidemiology.

Objectives
To examine the epidemiology of self-reported cannabis use for medical purposes by (1) estimating its prevalence, (2) comparing gender and age differences, and (3) investigating what reasons they were used to manage.

Methods
Participants included 27,169 respondents (aged 16–65) who completed Wave 1 of The International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS) conducted across Canada and the USA in 2018 via online surveys. Cannabis policy conditions were “US legal–recreational” (legal for both recreational and medical uses), “US legal–medical only”, “US illegal”, and “Canada–medical only”.

Results
The overall prevalence of self-reported ever cannabis use for medical purposes was 27%, with similar rates by sex and the highest prevalence in young adults. Prevalence was higher in US legal–recreational states (34%) than US illegal states (23%), US legal–medical only states (25%), and Canada (25%). The most common physical health reasons include use to manage pain (53%), sleep (46%), headaches/migraines (35%), appetite (22%), and nausea/vomiting (21%). For mental health reasons, the most common were for anxiety (52%), depression (40%), and PTSD/trauma (17%). There were 11% who reported using cannabis for managing other drug or alcohol use and 4% for psychosis.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of the North American population self-reported cannabis use for medical purposes for a variety of medical reasons, including those living in jurisdictions without legal markets. Further research is needed to understand the safety and efficacy of these forms of medical cannabis use.
On the interrelation between alcohol addiction–like behaviors in rats
Authors: Smeets Johanna A. S. , Minnaard A. Maryse , Ramakers Geert M. J. , Adan Roger A. H. , Vanderschuren Louk J. M. J. , Lesscher Heidi M. B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder that only occurs in a minority of alcohol users. Various behavioral constructs, including excessive intake, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and resistance to punishment have been implicated in AUD, but their interrelatedness is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was therefore to explore the relation between these AUD-associated behavioral constructs in rats. We hypothesised that a subpopulation of animals could be identified that, based on these measures, display consistent AUD-like behavior.

Methods
Lister Hooded rats (n = 47) were characterised for alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and quinine-adulterated alcohol consumption. The interrelation between these measures was evaluated through correlation and cluster analyses. In addition, addiction severity scores were computed using different combinations of the behavioral measures, to assess the consistency of the AUD-like subpopulation.

Results
We found that the data was uniformly distributed, as there was no significant tendency of the behavioral measures to cluster in the dataset. On the basis of multiple ranked addiction severity scores, five animals (~ 11%) were classified as displaying AUD-like behavior. The composition of the remaining subpopulation of animals with the highest addiction severity score (9 rats; ~ 19%) varied, depending on the combination of measures included.

Conclusion
Consistent AUD-like behavior was detected in a small proportion of alcohol drinking rats. Alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and punishment resistance contribute in varying degrees to the AUD-like phenotype across the population. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the heterogeneity of AUD-like behavior.
Impact of interhemispheric inhibition on bimanual movement control in young and old
Authors: Morishita Takuya , Timmermann Jan E. , Schulz Robert , Hummel Friedhelm C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterhemispheric interactions demonstrate a crucial role for directing bimanual movement control. In humans, a well-established paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm enables to assess these interactions by means of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI). Previous studies have examined changes in IHI from the active to the resting primary motor cortex during unilateral muscle contractions; however, behavioral relevance of such changes is still inconclusive. In the present study, we evaluated two bimanual tasks, i.e., mirror activity and bimanual anti-phase tapping, to examine behavioral relevance of IHI for bimanual movement control within this behavioral framework. Two age groups (young and older) were evaluated as bimanual movement control demonstrates evident behavioral decline in older adults. Two types of IHI with differential underlying mechanisms were measured; IHI was tested at rest and during a motor task from the active to the resting primary motor cortex. Results demonstrate an association between behavior and short-latency IHI in the young group: larger short-latency IHI correlated with better bimanual movement control (i.e., less mirror activity and better bimanual anti-phase tapping). These results support the view that short-latency IHI represents a neurophysiological marker for the ability to suppress activity of the contralateral side, likely contributing to efficient bimanual movement control. This association was not observed in the older group, suggesting age-related functional changes of IHI. To determine underlying mechanisms of impaired bimanual movement control due to neurological disorders, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of age-related mechanisms to disentangle disorder-related mechanisms of impaired bimanual movement control from age-related ones.
Polyethylene wear of dual mobility cups: a comparative analysis based on patient-specific finite element modeling
Authors: Wegrzyn Julien , Antoniadis Alexander , Sarshari Ehsan , Boubat Matthieu , Terrier Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Concerns remain about potential increased wear with dual mobility cups related to the multiple articulations involved in this specific design of implant. This finite element analysis study aimed to compare polyethylene (PE) wear between dual mobility cup and conventional acetabular component, and between the use of conventional ultra-high molecular weight PE (UHMWPE) and highly cross-linked PE (XPLE).

Methods
Patient-specific finite element modeling was developed for 15 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Five acetabular components were 3D modeled and compared in THA constructs replicating existing implants: a dual mobility cup with a 22.2-mm-diameter femoral head against UHMWPE or XLPE (DM22PE or DM22XL), a conventional cup with a 22.2-mm-diameter femoral head against UHMWPE (SD22PE) and a conventional cup with a 32-mm-diameter femoral head against UHMWPE or XLPE (SD32PE or SD32XL).

Results
DM22PE produced 4.6 times and 5.1 times more volumetric wear than SD32XL and DM22XL (p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 6.97 and 7.11; respectively). However, even if significant, the differences in volumetric wear between DM22XL and SD32XL as well as between DM22PE and SD22PE or SD32PE were small according to their effect size (p < 0.0001, Cohen’s |d|= 0.48 to 0.65) and could be therefore considered as clinically negligible.

Conclusion
When using XLPE instead of UHMWPE, dual mobility cup with a 22.2-mm-diameter femoral head produced a similar amount of volumetric wear than conventional acetabular component with a 32-mm-diameter femoral head against XLPE. Therefore, XLPE is advocated in dual mobility cup to improve its wear performance.
Modified Frailty Index to Assess Risk in Elderly Patients Undergoing Distal Pancreatectomy: A Retrospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Paiella Salvatore , De Pastena Matteo , Esposito Alessandro , Secchettin Erica , Casetti Luca , Malleo Giuseppe , Montagnini Greta , Bannone Elisa , Deiro Giacomo , Bampa Beatrice , Ramera Marco , Landoni Luca , Balduzzi Alberto , Bassi Claudio , Salvia Roberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the postoperative course of elderly patients (≥70 years) submitted to minimally invasive (MIDP) versus open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) and to evaluate if the modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts the surgical course of elderly patients submitted to DP.MethodsData of patients aged ≥70 who underwent DP at a single institution between March 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively retrieved. A 2:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to correct for differences in baseline characteristics. Then, postoperative complications were compared between the two groups (MIDP vs. ODP). Additionally, the entire cohort of DP elderly patients was stratified according to the mFI into three groups: non‐frail (mFI = 0), mildly frail (mFI = 1/2), or severely frail (mFI = 3) and then compared.ResultsA total of 204 patients were analyzed. After PSM, 40 MIDP and 80 ODP patients were identified. The complications considered stratified homogenously between the two groups, with no statistically significant differences. The severity of the postoperative course increased as mFI did among the three groups regarding any complication (p = 0.022), abdominal collection (p = 0.014), pulmonary complication (p = 0.001), postoperative confusion (p = 0.047), Clavien‐Dindo severity ≥3 events (p = 0.036), and length of stay (p = 0.018).ConclusionsElderly patients can be safely submitted to MIDP. The mFI identifies frail elderly patients more prone to develop surgical and non‐surgical complications after DP.