bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woody species do not differ in dormancy progression: Differences in time to budbreak due to forcing and cold hardiness
Authors: Kovaleski Al P. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceBetter knowledge of dormancy (plant “hibernation”) is required to understand future adaptation of woody perennial plants facing warmer climates. Typical dormancy research uses time to budbreak to define the transition from a warm temperature nonresponsive to a responsive state (long vs. short time to budbreak). Based on this phenotyping method, species diverge in dormancy transition times during winter. Here, dynamics of bud cold hardiness (lowest survival temperature) for many species are used to show convergence in their response to winter chilling. Therefore, previous studies determining chilling requirement based on budbreak may describe adaptation to an environment but do not accurately describe physiological dormancy transitions. Further, cold hardiness dynamics can be used for field predictions of bud cold hardiness and budbreak.
The syntax of nominal modification and complex noun phrases in Siwkolan Amis
Authors: Jheng Wei-Cherng Sam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the syntax of nominal modification involving the linkerain Siwkolan Amis, one of the dialects of Amis, an Austronesian language spoken in Taiwan. Based on the two observed types of NP-ellipsis patterns and the formal licensing condition, I argue that Amis displays two types of modification. Modifiers in direct modification are functional heads projecting extended functional projections of NP, whereas those in indirect modification are modifier phrases base-generated at [Spec, ModP]. This distinction adds weight toJ. Wu’s (2003)view that relative clauses and description-denoting modifiers marked by -ayare clausal modifiers that have a full-fledged CP structure from a cartographic perspective. Furthermore, I argue thataprojects the Modifier Phrase (ModP) and is a modificatory clitic endowed with a [+mod] feature that attaches to a head element moving from a lower head position to form a morphological word. Very much in line withPhilip (2012), the proposed analysis suggests thatais endowed with an interpretative profile in marking a modification relation between an extended functional projection (a modifier phrase) and a dependent word (a modified noun) in the nominal domain. Issues involved in dealing with the structure of Amis complex noun phrases are discussed.
Effect of asymmetric rolling on corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet
Authors: Jia Hongmin , Ren Xianwei , Wang Mengrui 
Published: May 2022

In this study, symmetric rolling (SR), unidirectional asymmetric rolling (UASR) and reverse asymmetric rolling (RASR) were conducted in AZ31B alloy, and the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B alloy deformed via these processes mentioned above were studied. The results indicated that samples deformed via the RASR process exhibited a more homogeneous microstructure with refined grains. As a result, samples deformed via the RASR process had the highest open circuit potential (OCP), corrosion potential ( Ecorr) and the lowest corrosion current density ( icorr), underwent slightly localised corrosion, suggesting that the RASR process is beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy.
Differential performance of RoseTTAFold in antibody modeling
Authors: Liang Tianjian , Jiang Chen , Yuan Jiayi , Othman Yasmin , Xie Xiang-Qun , Feng Zhiwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Antibodies are essential to life, and knowing their structures can facilitate the understanding of antibody–antigen recognition mechanisms. Precise antibody structure prediction has been a core challenge for a prolonged period, especially the accuracy of H3 loop prediction. Despite recent progress, existing methods cannot achieve atomic accuracy, especially when the homologous structures required for these methods are not available. Recently, RoseTTAFold, a deep learning-based algorithm, has shown remarkable breakthroughs in predicting the 3D structures of proteins. To assess the antibody modeling ability of RoseTTAFold, we first retrieved the sequences of 30 antibodies as the test set and used RoseTTAFold to model their 3D structures. We then compared the models constructed by RoseTTAFold with those of SWISS-MODEL in a different way, in which we stratified Global Model Quality Estimate (GMQE) into three different ranges. The results indicated that RoseTTAFold could achieve results similar to SWISS-MODEL in modeling most CDR loops, especially the templates with a GMQE score under 0.8. In addition, we also compared the structures modeled by RoseTTAFold, SWISS-MODEL and ABodyBuilder. In brief, RoseTTAFold could accurately predict 3D structures of antibodies, but its accuracy was not as good as the other two methods. However, RoseTTAFold exhibited better accuracy for modeling H3 loop than ABodyBuilder and was comparable to SWISS-MODEL. Finally, we discussed the limitations and potential improvements of the current RoseTTAFold, which may help to further the accuracy of RoseTTAFold’s antibody modeling.
Landscape Complexity has Mixed Effects on an Invasive Aphid and Its Natural Enemies in Sorghum Agroecosystems
Authors: Elkins Blake H , Eubanks Micky D , Faris Ashleigh M , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Brewer Michael J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Landscapes with more complex composition and configuration are generally expected to enhance natural enemy densities and pest suppression. To evaluate this hypothesis for an invasive aphid pest of sorghum, Melanaphis sorghi Theobald (Hemiptera: Aphididae), sampling in sorghum fields for aphids and natural enemies was conducted over two years in a southern U.S. coastal production region. Landscape composition and configuration of crop and noncrop elements were assessed using correlation and multivariate regression modeling to detect relationships with insects at different spatial scales. Significant models found more complex landscape configuration, particularly the amount of habitat edges, was associated with increased aphid and natural enemy abundance. Composition associated with noncrop habitats had the opposite effect. Numerical response of natural enemies was taxa dependent, with parasitism lower as landscape complexity increased, while predator numerical response was not affected by landscape complexity. These results indicate landscape complexity may increase both aphid and natural enemy abundance, but with decreasing parasitism and little association with predator numerical response. These relationships are likely contingent on overall environmental suitability to aphid population increase as results were less evident in the second year when average aphid abundance regularly exceeded the economic threshold. This study supports the importance of configuration, especially habitat borders, as a critical metric for determining pest-natural enemy dynamics within a large-scale cereal agroecosystem.
Radiographic and histological assessment of root resorption associated with conventional and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion: a systematic review
Authors: Abu Arqub Sarah , Gandhi Vaibhav , Iverson Marissa G , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Liu Dawei , Yadav Sumit , Mehta Shivam 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate root resorption after maxillary expansion with conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion appliances (MARPE) using 2D and 3D radiographic methods and histologic methods of measuring root resorption.Search methods and selection criteriaA search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Dissertations & Theses Global, ClinicalTrials.gov registry, ISRCTN Registry, National Research Register, OpenGrey, and the Trip Database was performed. The studies that had analysed root resorption after RPE or MARPE were selected for the systematic review.Data collection and analysisThe database research, elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction, and risk of bias were performed by the authors independently and in duplication. This systematic review included prospective studies to evaluate root resorption following RPE after tooth-borne (TB), tooth-tissue borne (TTB), bone-borne (BB), and tooth-bone borne (TBB) expansion appliances.ResultsA total of 13 prospective trials (six randomized clinical trials and seven non-randomized prospective clinical trials) were identified for inclusion in this systematic review. Histological studies revealed that most teeth experience root resorption on the buccal surfaces after maxillary expansion. MARPE designs with BB and TBB expansion appliances were found to lead to reduced volumetric root resorption than conventional RPE using micro-computed tomography. However, one study using cone beam computed tomography showed no difference in the root resorption with MARPE and RPE designs.Conclusions and implicationsMaxillary expansion with RPE can lead to root resorption of maxillary posterior teeth. Root resorption occurs more frequently on buccal surfaces on maxillary posterior teeth. Limited evidence suggests that MARPE may lead to reduced root resorption than RPE.RegistrationThis systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews and interventions and reported according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; registration number: PROSPERO CRD42021271181).
X-ray fluorescence microscopy methods for biological tissues
Authors: Pushie M Jake , Sylvain Nicole J , Hou Huishu , Hackett Mark J , Kelly Michael E , Webb Samuel M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy is a flexible tool for identifying the distribution of trace elements in biological specimens across a broad range of sample sizes. The technique is not particularly limited by sample type and can be performed on ancient fossils, fixed or fresh tissue specimens, and in some cases even live tissue and live cells can be studied. The technique can also be expanded to provide chemical specificity to elemental maps, either at individual points of interest in a map or across a large field of view. While virtually any sample type can be characterized with X-ray fluorescence microscopy, common biological sample preparation methods (often borrowed from other fields, such as histology) can lead to unforeseen pitfalls, resulting in altered element distributions and concentrations. A general overview of sample preparation and data-acquisition methods for X-ray fluorescence microscopy is presented, along with outlining the general approach for applying this technique to a new field of investigation for prospective new users. Considerations for improving data acquisition and quality are reviewed as well as the effects of sample preparation, with a particular focus on soft tissues. The effects of common sample pretreatment steps as well as the underlying factors that govern which, and to what extent, specific elements are likely to be altered are reviewed along with common artifacts observed in X-ray fluorescence microscopy data.
Wide angle acceptance and high-speed track recognition in nuclear emulsion
Authors: Suzuki Y , Fukuda T , Kawahara H , Komatani R , Naiki M , Nakano T , Odagawa T , Yoshimoto M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A nuclear emulsion film is a three-dimensional tracking device that is widely used in cosmic-ray and high-energy physics experiments. Scanning with a wide angle acceptance is crucial for obtaining track information in emulsion films. This study presents a new method developed for wide angle acceptance and high-speed track recognition of nuclear emulsion films for neutrino–nucleus interaction measurements. The nuclear emulsion technique can be used to measure tracks of charged particles from neutrino interactions with a low momentum threshold. The detection of the particles with a wide angle acceptance is essential for obtaining detailed information on the interactions in the sub- and multi-GeV neutrino energy region. In the new method developed for a neutrino interaction measurement in J-PARC called NINJA, the angle acceptance is covered up to |tan θx(y)| &lt; 5.0 (80% of all solid angles) with $150\, \mathrm{m^2/year}$. This method can also be used to improve the angle accuracy and recognition efficiency of the tracks.
Evaluation and Application of Ultra-Low-Resolution Pressure Reactivity Index in Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gritti Paolo , Bonfanti Marco , Zangari Rosalia , Farina Alessia , Longhi Luca , Rasulo Frank A. , Bertuetti Rita , Biroli Antonio , Biroli Francesco , Lorini Ferdinando Luca 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The pressure reactivity index (PRx) has emerged as a surrogate method for the continuous bedside estimation of cerebral autoregulation and a predictor of unfavorable outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, calculation of PRx require continuous high-resolution monitoring currently limited to specialized intensive care units. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new index, the ultra-low-frequency PRx (UL-PRx) sampled at ∼0.0033 Hz at ∼5 minutes periods, and to investigate its association with outcome.

Methods:
Demographic data, admission Glasgow coma scale, in-hospital mortality and Glasgow outcome scale extended at 12 months were extracted from electronic records. The filtering and preparation of time series of intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and calculation of the indices (UL-PRx, Δ-optimal CPP), were performed in MATLAB using an in-house algorithm.

Results:
A total of 164 TBI patients were included in the study; in-hospital and 12-month mortality was 29.3% and 38.4%, respectively, and 64% of patients had poor neurological outcome at 12 months. On univariate analysis, ICP, CPP, UL-PRx, and ΔCPPopt were associated with 12-month mortality. After adjusting for age, Glasgow coma scale, ICP and CPP, mean UL-PRx and UL-PRx thresholds of 0 and +0.25 remained associated with 12-month mortality. Similar findings were obtained for in-hospital mortality. For mean UL-PRx, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for in-hospital and 12-month mortality were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.87; P<0.001) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61-0.79; P<0.001), respectively, and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.57-0.74; P=0.001) for 12-month neurological outcome.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that ultra-low-frequency sampling might provide sufficient resolution to derive information about the state of cerebrovascular autoregulation and prediction of 12-month outcome in TBI patients.
High Pretreatment Mean Corpuscular Volume Can Predict Worse Prognosis in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma who Have Undergone Curative Esophagectomy
Authors: Yoshida Naoya , Sasaki Ken , Kanetaka Kengo , Kimura Yasue , Shibata Tomotaka , Ikenoue Makoto , Nakashima Yuichiro , Sadanaga Noriaki , Eto Kojiro , Tsuruda Yusuke , Kobayashi Shinichiro , Nakanoko Tomonori , Suzuki Kosuke , Takeno Shinsuke , Yamamoto Manabu , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To establish the prognostic value of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who have undergone esophagectomy.

Background:
The MCV increases in patients with high alcohol and tobacco consumption. Such a lifestyle can be a risk factor for malnutrition, comorbidities related to those habits, and multiple primary malignancies, which may be associated with frequent postoperative morbidity and poor prognosis.

Methods:
This study included 1673 patients with ESCC who underwent curative esophagectomy at eight institutes between April 2005 and November 2020. Patients were divided into normal and high MCV groups according to the standard value of their pretreatment MCV. Clinical background, short-term outcomes, and prognosis were retrospectively compared between the groups.

Results:
Overall, 26.9% of patients had a high MCV, which was significantly associated with male sex, habitual smoking and drinking, multiple primary malignancies, and malnutrition, as estimated by the body mass index, hemoglobin and serum albumin values, and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index. Postoperative respiratory morbidity (P = 0.0075) frequently occurred in the high MCV group. A high MCV was an independent prognostic factor for worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.049–1.533; P = 0.014) and relapse-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.047–1.455; P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
A high MCV correlates with habitual drinking and smoking, malnutrition, and multiple primary malignancies and could be a surrogate marker of worse short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with ESCC who undergo esophagectomy.
Posterior-only Resection of Single Hemivertebrae With 2-Level Versus >2-Level Fusion: Can We Improve Outcomes?
Authors: Gomez Jaime A. , Ge David H. , Boden Emma , Hanstein Regina , Alvandi Leila Mehraban , Lo Yungtai , Hwang Steven , Samdani Amer F. , Sponseller Paul D. , Garg Sumeet , Skaggs David L. , Vitale Michael G. , Emans John ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: May 2022

Background:
The outcomes of congenital scoliosis (CS) patients undergoing hemivertebra (HV) resection surgery with a 2-level fusion versus a >2-level fusion are unclear. We hypothesized that CS patients undergoing HV resection and a >2-level fusion have decreased curve progression and reoperation rates compared with 2-level fusions.

Methods:
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter scoliosis database. Fifty-three CS patients (average age 4.5, range 1.2 to 10.9 y) at index surgery were included. Radiographic and surgical parameters, complications, as well as revision surgery rates were tracked at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.

Results:
Twenty-six patients had a 2-level fusion while 27 patients had a >2-level fusion with similar age and body mass index between groups. The HV was located in the lumbar spine for 69% (18/26) 2-level fusions and 30% (8/27) >2-level fusions (P=0.006). Segmental HV scoliosis curve was smaller in 2-level fusions compared to >2-level fusions preoperatively (38 vs. 50 degrees, P=0.016) and at follow-up (25 vs. 34 degrees, P=0.038). Preoperative T2-T12 (28 vs. 41 degrees, P=0.013) and segmental kyphosis (11 vs. 23 degrees, P=0.046) were smaller in 2-level fusions, but did not differ significantly at postoperative follow-up (32 vs. 39 degrees, P=0.22; 13 vs. 11 degrees, P=0.64, respectively). Furthermore, the 2 groups did not significantly differ in terms of surgical complications (27% vs. 22%, P=0.69; 2-level fusion vs. >2-level fusion, respectively), unplanned revision surgery rate (23% vs. 22%, 0.94), growing rod placement or extension of spinal fusion (15% vs. 15%, P=0.95), or health-related quality of life per the EOS-Questionnaire 24 (EOSQ-24). Comparison of patients with or without the need for growing rod placement or posterior spinal fusion revealed no significant differences in all parameters analyzed.

Conclusions:
Two-level and >2-level fusions can control congenital curves successfully. No differences existed in curve correction, proximal junctional kyphosis or complications between short and long-level fusion after HV resection. Both short and long level fusions are viable options and generate similar risk of revision. The decision should be individualized by patient and surgeon.
Exposure patterns among Coast Guard responders to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Gribble Matthew O. , Keshav Taj , Denic-Roberts Hristina , Engel Lawrence S. , Rusiecki Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was an environmental crisis for which multiple groups, including the United States Coast Guard (USCG), provided emergency response services. A cohort of 5,665 USCG oil spill responders completed postdeployment surveys eliciting information on a variety of topics, including oil spill–related exposures and experiences. Our objective was to determine the most common exposure patterns among USCG responders.

Methods:
We used latent class analysis based on six indicator variables reflecting different aspects of the responders’ experiences: exposure to oil, exposure to engine exhaust fumes or carbon monoxide, hand sanitizer use, sunblock use, mosquito bites, and level of anxiety. We validated our interpretation of these latent classes using ancillary variables.

Results:
The model distinguished four distinct exposure profiles, which we interpreted as “low overall exposure” (prevalence estimate = 0.18), “low crude oil/exhaust and moderate time outdoors/anxiety (prevalence estimate = 0.18), “high crude oil/exhaust and moderate time outdoors/anxiety” (prevalence estimate = 0.25), and “high overall exposure” (prevalence estimate = 0.38). The validation analysis was consistent with our interpretation of the latent classes.

Conclusions:
The exposure patterns identified in this analysis can help inform future studies of the health impacts of exposure mixtures among USCG oil spill responders.
Short-Term High-Fat Diet Alters Acetaminophen Metabolism in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Achterbergh Roos , Lammers Laureen A. , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Romijn Johannes A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Acetaminophen is metabolized through a nontoxic sulfation and glucuronidation pathway and toxic oxidation pathway (via CYP2E1 and CYP1A2). A short-term high-fat diet induces alterations in the steatotic liver and may alter hepatic drug enzyme activity. In the case of acetaminophen, these alterations may result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of a 3-day hypercaloric high-fat diet on the plasma levels of acetaminophen metabolites.

Methods:
Nine healthy subjects participated in this randomized, crossover intervention study. The subjects consumed a regular diet or a regular diet supplemented with 500 mL of cream (1700 kcal) for 3 days and then fasted overnight. After ingesting 1000-mg acetaminophen, the plasma concentration of acetaminophen (APAP) and its metabolites [acetaminophen glucuronide, acetaminophen sulfate, 3-cysteinyl-acetaminophen, and 3-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-acetaminophen, and 3-methoxy-acetaminophen] were measured.

Results:
The 3-day high-fat diet increased the extrapolated area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to infinity (area under the curve0–inf) of APAP-Cys by approximately 20% (P = 0.02) and that from 0 to 8 hours (area under the curve0–8) of APAP-Cys-NAC by approximately 39% (P = 0.01). The 3-day high-fat diet did not alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent compound acetaminophen and other metabolites.

Conclusions:
A short-term, hypercaloric, high-fat diet increases the plasma levels of the APAP metabolites formed by the oxidation pathway, which may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.