bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Patients’ Baseline Characteristics and Survival Benefits in Immunotherapy-Treated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Xuanbo , Liu Yafeng , He Yuxiao , Wang Zibo , Zhang Hongyan , Yang Wei , Lu Jibin 
Published: May 2022

Background. The difference of patients’ baseline characteristics such as sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), and smoking status may influence the immune response. However, little is known about whether these factors affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between patients’ baseline characteristics and survival benefits in immunotherapy-treated NSCLC. Materials and Methods. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NSCLC immunotherapy. We also searched abstracts and presentations from the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the European Society of Medical Oncology to identify unpublished studies. These studies have available data based on patients’ baseline characteristics (such as sex, age, ECOG PS, and smoking status). We take the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) as the effect index and use the random effect model to pool the results. Results. We included 18 phase II/III RCTs with a total of 14,189 participants. The benefits of ICIs were found for both male (pooled OS-HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.72-0.82,

P
<
0.05

) and female patients (pooled OS-HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.87,

P
<
0.05

); for both younger (<65 y: pooled OS-HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68-0.81,

P
<
0.05

) and older patients (≥65 y: pooled OS-HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.86,

P
<
0.05

); and for both patients with

ECOG

PS
=
0

(pooled OS-HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.84,

P
<
0.05

) and ECOG

PS
≥
1

(pooled OS-HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.82,

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of ICIs among different sex (

P

value for interaction = 0.955), age (

P

value for interaction = 0.17), or ECOG PS (

P

value for interaction = 0.765). However, in patients with different smoking status, the application of ICIs significantly prolonged the OS of smokers (pooled OS-HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.83,

P
<
0.05

) but could not significantly improve the OS of never smokers (pooled OS-HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.03,

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. ICIs could significantly improve prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC, regardless of sex, age, or ECOG PS. But among patients with different smoking status, the survival benefits of never smokers treated with ICIs were no better than that of controls. The impact of these factors on immunotherapy should be considered in the future clinical practice and guidelines.
Cancer Immunoediting in the Era of Immuno-oncology
Authors: Gubin Matthew M. , Vesely Matthew D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Basic science breakthroughs in T-cell biology and immune–tumor cell interactions ushered in a new era of cancer immunotherapy. Twenty years ago, cancer immunoediting was proposed as a framework to understand the dynamic process by which the immune system can both control and shape cancer and in its most complex form occurs through three phases termed elimination, equilibrium, and escape. During cancer progression through these phases, tumors undergo immunoediting, rendering them less immunogenic and more capable of establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, cancer immunoediting integrates the complex immune–tumor cell interactions occurring in the tumor microenvironment and sculpts immunogenicity beyond shaping antigenicity. However, with the success of cancer immunotherapy resulting in durable clinical responses in the last decade and subsequent emergence of immuno-oncology as a clinical subspecialty, the phrase “cancer immunoediting” has recently, at times, been inappropriately restricted to describing neoantigen loss by immunoselection. This focus has obscured other mechanisms by which cancer immunoediting modifies tumor immunogenicity. Although establishment of the concept of cancer immunoediting and definitive experimental evidence supporting its existence was initially obtained from preclinical models in the absence of immunotherapy, cancer immunoediting is a continual process that also occurs during immunotherapy in human patients with cancer. Herein, we discuss the known mechanisms of cancer immunoediting obtained from preclinical and clinical data with an emphasis on how a greater understanding of cancer immunoediting may provide insights into immunotherapy resistance and how this resistance can be overcome.
Direct to Angiosuite Versus Conventional Imaging in Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H. , Doheim Mohamed Fahmy , Elfil Mohamed , Al-Bayati Alhamza R. , Pinheiro Agostinho , Nguyen Thanh N. , Bhatt Nirav R. , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There is growing evidence to suggest that the direct transfer to angiography suite (DTAS) approach for patients with suspected large vessel occlusion stroke potentially requiring mechanical thrombectomy shortens treatment times and improves outcomes compared with the direct transfer to conventional imaging (DTCI) model. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare both approaches to build more concrete evidence to support this innovative treatment concept.

Methods:
All potentially relevant studies published in 4 electronic databases/search engines (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) from inception to November 2021 were reviewed. Eligible studies were included if they enrolled ≥10 patients in both groups, were published in English, and reported baseline and procedural characteristics and outcomes. Relevant data were then extracted and analyzed.

Results:

Among 4514 searched studies, 7 qualified for the analysis with 1971 patients (DTAS=675, DTCI=1296). Times from door to puncture (mean difference, −30.76 minutes [95% CI, −43.70 to −17.82];
P
<0.001) as well as door-to-reperfusion (mean difference=−33.24 minutes [95% CI, −51.82 to −14.66];
P
<0.001) were significantly shorter and the rates of functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2: risk ratio [RR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.02–1.53];
P
=0.03) at 90 days were higher in the DTAS versus the DTCI approach. There was no difference across the DTAS and DTCI groups in terms of the rates of successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2B–3: RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.95–1.12];
P
=0.42), near-complete/full reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2C–3: RR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.74–1.08];
P
=0.23), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.56–1.17];
P
=0.26), or fair outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–3: RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.88–1.47];
P
=0.32) or mortality (RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.67–1.44];
P
=0.93) at 90 days. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in 90-day functional independence across approaches in transfer patients (RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 0.96–1.51];
P
=0.11).

Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis showed that the DTAS approach seems to be associated with improved time metrics and functional outcomes with comparable safety to the DTCI approach. Ongoing multicenter randomized clinical trials will hopefully provide more definite data about this promising approach.
Social media’s potential to promote conservation at the local level: an assessment in eleven primate range countries
Authors: Twining-Ward Cate , Luna Jorge Ramos , Back Janaína Paula , Barakagwira Joselyne , Bicca-Marques Júlio César , Chanvin Mathilde , Diko Nona , Duboscq Julie , Fan Pengfei , Galán-Acedo Carmen , Gogarten Jan F. , Guo Songtao , Guzman-Caro Diana C. , Hou Rong , Kalbitzer Urs , Kaplin Beth A. , Lee Sean M. , Mekonnen Addisu , Mungongo Paulin , Nautiyal Himani , Omeja Patrick , Ramananjato Veronarindra , Raoelinjanakolona Nasandratra Nancia , Razafindratsima Onja , Sarabian Cécile , Sarkar Dipto , Serio-Silva Juan Carlos , Yanti Risma , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Historically, Internet access has been linked to a country’s wealth. However, starting a decade ago, this situation changed dramatically and Internet access became increasingly available in primate range countries. The rapid growth of smartphone use in developing nations has created new avenues to communicate conservation. Here we assess the potential of social media to promote primate conservation at the local level within primate range countries. We interviewed 381 people in communities associated with 18 conservation projects from 11 countries to assess their use of social media. We found that 91% of the people had at least one social media account and 95% of these people checked their accounts daily. The median number of contacts per person across all platforms was 453 and 300 considering only each person’s most used platform. We also documented that local conservation projects had a diversity of information they wanted to relay to the local community through social media. Our research highlights the potential for social media to be an extremely useful communication tool for tropical conservation scientists. Thus, we encourage more conservation groups to explore using social media to communicate to local communities and to report on the impact it has on conservation.
Sensitivity of potato cyst nematodes to fluazaindolizine
Authors: Perpétuo Laura S.C.R. , Gonçalves Ana R.G. , Esteves Ivânia , Abrantes Isabel , Thoden Tim C. , da Conceição Isabel L.P.M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp., cause damage to potatoes in more than 60 countries and several management strategies, including the application of chemical nematicides, are commonly used for their control. However, due to stringent regulations in Europe several nematicides have been, or are being, removed from the market due to their potential toxic effects on the environment and human health. New solutions and nematode management strategies are being sought to control these challenging and economically important nematodes. In this study, the effects of Salibro™, a novel sulfonamide nematicide based on the active ingredient fluazaindolizine (Reklemel™ active), were evaluated on the hatching, motility, infectivity and reproduction of PCN in the laboratory. Depending upon the duration of nematode pre-exposure, Salibro™ at concentrations of 5-250 mg fluazaindolizine (active substance) (a.s.) kg−1 (equivalent to 5-250 ppm a.s.) affected hatching, motility and infectivity of second-stage juveniles of G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, whereas the reproduction of G. pallida was only influenced at 5-50 mg a.s. kg−1. Salibro™, under laboratory conditions, has intrinsic activity against both PCN species and could be a promising additional tool for the integrated management of PCN. Further studies are needed to demonstrate Salibro™ efficacy under field conditions.
Japan’s Secular Stagnation, Marx’s Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall, and the Theory of Monopoly Capitalism
Authors: Sato Takuya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the collapse of the bubble economy at the beginning of the 1990s, Japan has been in secular stagnation. Despite the stagnant economic conditions, the rate of profit has been rising, not falling. The coexistence of the rise in profitability and prolonged economic stagnation is a manifestation of the fundamental contradiction of present-day Japanese capitalism. Marx’s law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall (LTRPF) provides a consistent explanation regarding the paradoxical situation in Japan characterised not by a falling but a rising rate of profit. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the Monopoly Capitalism school, which has studied capitalist behaviour concerning productive investment and changes in the form of capitalist competition at the monopoly stage of capitalism. While the school’s negation of the LTRPF is unacceptable, their notions may provide useful explanations as to why the rate of profit has risen under secular stagnation in Japan.
Andreu Nin on Fascism in Italy: Translator’s Introduction
Authors: Gallagher Patrick L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, the author introduces readers to the Catalan Marxist Andreu Nin and his writings on Italian fascism. While this is an introduction to Nin it also makes the argument that his writing is of particular importance, since it clarifies the class nature of fascism, sorting out in detail the way the fascists recruited and used the middle class (petite bourgeoisie) to build a mass movement and rise to power, and then proceeded to build a corporatist state that served the interest of the Italian bourgeoisie.
Wild Girls in the Carthaginian Church? Cyprian’s De Habitu Virginum
Authors: Williams Nadejda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyprian’s homily De Disciplina et Habitu Virginum presents instructions and warnings about appropriate appearance and behavior for sacred virgins, women who had chosen to remain celibate and dedicate their lives to Christ. While this document has generally been read for its theological and literary merits, I argue for its historical value in reflecting real people and their behavior in the Carthaginian church. If we were to turn our focus from the bishop and his theology to the work’s addressees and their daily lives, what does this homily tell us about the women in the Carthaginian church in the mid-third century? A close analysis of this document complicates the presumed packaging of women’s virginity and asceticism together: while the bishops saw the two as necessary companions, some of the virgins in the early churches did not.
Reading Basil of Caesarea’s On the Holy Spirit as Apology
Authors: Whitty John Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Basil of Caesarea’s On the Holy Spirit has often been painted as a work that symbolises his emergence from the shadow of his embittered mentor, Eustathius of Sebaste. This paper reassesses the extent of Eustathius’ influence on the treatise. By analysing both the tone and argumentation of On the Holy Spirit, I counter this scholarly narrative, showing that Eustathius in fact serves as the silent interlocutor of the treatise, to whom Basil pleads the case of his orthodoxy, and with whom he begs for the church to be healed. Consequently, On the Holy Spirit should be read as more in vogue with apologetic literature than polemic , as a redoubled effort to respond to Eustathius that mounts an impassioned but cordial defence of Basil’s vision of Christian orthodoxy and a long-overdue plea for peace in a war-torn church.
The Conceptual Legal Structure of The Patient’s Right to Informed Consent
Authors: Martínez-Doallo Noelia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Informed consent has been inconsistently conceptualised as a right, an immunity or even a power in the hands of the patient, which leaves its legal definition as partially indefinite.
From the norms of the CHRB, a legal theory stance and the proposals of celebrated authors — namely, W.N. Hohfeld, H. Kelsen and R. Alexy, I will provide a steady conceptual structure for the subjective legal positions of the parties involved in the healthcare relationship regarding informed consent.
Utilitarianism: Merging the Dichotomy between Nationalist and Internationalist Conception of Cultural Property
Authors: Adewumi Afolasade Abidemi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The quest for the restitution of cultural property has not been an easy endeavour. Despite the availability of multiple legal regimes securing various channels for the restitution of cultural property, improvement has been quite sluggish. This article argues that the debacle to the restitution process lies in the simultaneous operation of two diametrically opposed conceptions of cultural property- the nationalist and internationalist schools of thought. The 1954 Hague Convention sees cultural property as the cultural heritage of all mankind whilst the 1970 Convention takes the view that it is the cultural heritage designated by each country. These two approaches have been used to characterise nations theoretically in the international arena into source nations with nationalistic interests and market nations with international concerns.
The conflict between both conceptions of cultural property becomes evident where the nationalists seek to employ legal and extra-legal means to protect their cultural heritage and facilitate their return and restitution; whereas, internationalists sabotage these efforts on the ground that cultural heritage is the common heritage of mankind thereby contradicting the notion of return.
This article finds that although both schools of thought have divergent propositions, they nonetheless share a common theoretical underpinning- utilitarianism, which validates their respective ideologies. Since utilitarianism supports the maximisation of the overall happiness of a collective group, nationalists can predicate the protection of their cultural heritage on the need to secure this happiness just like the internationalists.
This article, therefore, seeks to examine if the common theoretical foundation which both schools of thought share can serve as a reconciliatory tool that bridges the gap between them towards the promotion of the interest of the international community in protecting cultural heritage.
Israel ben Abraham: An Ashkenazic Translator of Aquinas?
Authors: Žonca Milan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article presents an edition of a hitherto unidentified set of commented Hebrew excerpts from Thomas Aquinas’s Sentencia libri De anima. Preserved in the manuscript Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Mich. Add. 25, and attributed to an otherwise unknown Jewish scholar named Israel ben Abraham, the excerpts reproduce the Latin text in different degrees of faithfulness to the original. They do not follow the structure of Aquinas’s commentary and seem to have been summarized and rearranged by the translator to reflect his own interests rooted in the study of Jewish philosophical texts, especially the works of Maimonides and Moses Narboni. In the introduction to the edition, I discuss the context of the excerpts as well as the identity of the translator, including the possibility that he was a Christian convert to Judaism.
Growth and limb bone histology of aetosaurs and phytosaurs from the Late Triassic Krasiejów locality (sw Poland) reveals strong environmental influence on growth pattern
Authors: Teschner Elżbieta M. , Konietzko-Meier Dorota , Klein Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The growth pattern of the Polish phytosaur Parasuchus cf. arenaceus and the aetosaur Stagonolepis olenkae (both Krasiejów; Norian) was studied. Results were compared to published data of other members of these two groups and to a new sample of the German (Heslach; Norian) phytosaur Nicrosaurus sp. All three herein studied taxa display lamellar-zonal bone consisting predominately of parallel-fibred tissue and on average a low to moderate vascular density. Towards the outer cortex the thickness of annuli increases in most samples and becomes distinctly wider than the zones. Therefore, most of the appositional growth in adults was achieved during phases of prolonged slow growth. All bones show a diffuse growth pattern, without well demarcated zones and annuli. Distinct lines of arrested growth (lag) are not identified in the Krasiejów sample, only the Nicrosaurus femur shows one distinct lag as do other taxa outside Krasiejów. Instead, the Krasiejów taxa display multiple rest lines and sub-cycles. Thus, identification and count of annual growth cycles remains difficult, the finally counted annual growth cycles range (two to six) is quite large despite the low size range of the samples. A correlation between age and bone length is not identified, indicating developmental plasticity. Although both are archosaurs, Stagonolepis and Parasuchus are phylogenetically not closely related, however, they show a very similar growth pattern, despite different life styles (terrestrial vs. semi-aquatic). Based on the new data, and previously histological studies from Krasiejów, the local environmental conditions were special and had a strong influence on the growth pattern.
The dialect chain of the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family
Authors: Kaiping Gereon A. , Klamer Marian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper refines the subgroupings of the Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) family of Papuan languages, using a systematic Bayesian phylogenetics study. While recent work indicates that the TAP family comprises a Timor (T) branch and an Alor-Pantar (AP) branch (Holton et al., 2012; Schapper et al., 2017), the internal structure of the AP branch has proven to be a challenging issue, and earlier studies leave large gaps in our understanding. Our Bayesian inference study is based on an extensive set of TAP lexical data from the online LexiRumah database (Kaiping et al., 2019b; Kaiping and Klamer, 2018). Systematically comparing different analytical models and tying them back to the evidence in terms of historical linguistics, we arrive at a subgrouping structure of the TAP family that is based on features of the phylogenies shared across the different analyses. Our TAP tree differs from all earlier proposals by inferring the East Alor subgroup as an early split-off from all other AP languages, instead of the most deeply embedded subgroup inside that branch. The evidences suggests that dialect cluster effects played a major role in the formation of today’s Timor-Alor-Pantar languages.
Towards a Right to the City?
Authors: Pieterse Marius 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article illustrates the transformative potential of guaranteeing justiciable socio-economic rights in domestic law, by engaging with the judicial vindication, over nearly a quarter-century, of the right to housing in the South African Constitution. Initial assessments of housing rights litigation in the country suggested that, while the right provided temporary protection against eviction and could provide temporary relief in housing emergencies, it was of limited use in addressing spatial injustice and unequal access to affordable housing. But over time, judicial vindication of the right to housing has given poor and vulnerable communities a foothold in cities, which is productively being leveraged by social movements claiming a right to the city. Meanwhile, separate remedial frameworks around land rights and political participation appear to be slowly converging with the housing jurisprudence, in ways that hold significant potential for transformative change in South African cities.
[RETRACTED] Legal Bases of the Association in the Relations of the European Union with Third Countries as a Step Towards ‘Europeanisation’
Authors: Shpakovych Olha , Kostyuchenko Yaroslav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The impact of international law on national legal systems varies considerably according to the forms not only of each national legal system, but also of specific regions. The highest level of influence has been traced on the European continent, especially the European Union (EU). The author investigates the acts of the European Union institutions and concludes that they can serve as a model for national legal regulation. In the relations of the European Union with third countries, there is a tendency to more actively promote the ideas of European integration and with different regions at different stages of integration. The aim of the paper is to analyze the legal capacity of the EU with third countries and its implementation in association agreements with third countries, which determine the first step towards “Europeanization”. Thus, the most common form of EU cooperation with third countries is association agreements. The authors carefully examine the features of associative agreements in the practice of the European Union’s external relations and pay great attention to the association as a special partnership of EU Member States with a third country.