bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sexual and gender stigma and suicide attempt and ideation among LGBTQI + populations in Thailand: findings from a national survey
Authors: Moallef Soroush , Salway Travis , Phanuphak Nittaya , Kivioja Katri , Pongruengphant Suparnee , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThailand has one of the highest suicide rates in Southeast Asia; yet, little is known about suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, and other gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQI +) people living in the region, who may experience elevated risk for suicide. We sought to identify the prevalence of lifetime suicidal attempts and ideation among a nationally recruited sample of LGBTQI + people in Thailand. We further examined the relationship between levels of sexual/gender stigma and suicidal attempt and ideation.MethodsData were derived from a national online survey of Thai LGBTQI + individuals between January and March 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sexual/gender stigma scales, adapting a previously validated instrument, and suicide attempt and ideation.ResultsAmong 1,290 LGBTQI + participants, the median age was 27 years. The prevalence of suicide attempt and ideation was 16.8% and 50.7%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for potential confounders, experiences of perceived and enacted sexual/gender stigma were independently and positively associated with suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval CI:1.10–1.41 and AOR = 1.31; 95% CI:1.11–1.55, respectively) and ideation (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI:1.17–1.43 and AOR = 1.34; 95% CI:1.14–1.58, respectively).ConclusionOne-sixth of the sample reported a suicide attempt, while a half reported ever contemplating suicide. Both experiences of perceived and enacted sexual/gender stigma were associated with lifetime suicide attempt and ideation. Multi-level interventions are needed to decrease stigma and in turn suicide among LGBTQ + people in Thailand, including anti-discrimination policies and support for mental health and well-being.
Signal-to-noise matrix and model reduction in continuous-time hidden Markov models
Authors: Leoff Elisabeth , Ruderer Leonie , Sass Jörn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous-time regime-switching models are a very popular class of models for financial applications. In this work the so-called signal-to-noise matrix is introduced for hidden Markov models where the switching is driven by an unobservable Markov chain. Its relations to filtering, i.e. state estimation of the chain given the available observations, and portfolio optimization are investigated. A convergence result for the filter is derived: The filter converges to its invariant distribution if the eigenvalues of the signal-to-noise matrix converge to zero. This matrix is then also used to prove a mutual fund representation for regime-switching models and a corresponding market reduction which is consistent with filtering and portfolio optimization. Two canonical cases for the reduction are analyzed in more detail, the first based on the market regimes and the second depending on the eigenvalues. These considerations are presented both for observable and unobservable Markov chains. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
Unassembled cell wall proteins form aggregates in the extracellular space of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain UVM4
Authors: Barolo Lorenzo , Commault Audrey S. , Abbriano Raffaela M. , Padula Matthew P. , Kim Mikael , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Ralph Peter J. , Pernice Mathieu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is emerging as a promising cell biofactory for secreted recombinant protein (RP) production. In recent years, the generation of the broadly used cell wall–deficient mutant strain UVM4 has allowed for a drastic increase in secreted RP yields. However, purification of secreted RPs from the extracellular space of C. reinhardtii strain UVM4 is challenging. Previous studies suggest that secreted RPs are trapped in a matrix of cell wall protein aggregates populating the secretome of strain UVM4, making it difficult to isolate and purify the RPs. To better understand the nature and behaviour of these extracellular protein aggregates, we analysed and compared the extracellular proteome of the strain UVM4 to its cell-walled ancestor, C. reinhardtii strain 137c. When grown under the same conditions, strain UVM4 produced a unique extracellular proteomic profile, including a higher abundance of secreted cell wall glycoproteins. Further characterization of high molecular weight extracellular protein aggregates in strain UVM4 revealed that they are largely comprised of pherophorins, a specific class of cell wall glycoproteins. Our results offer important new insights into the extracellular space of strain UVM4, including strain-specific secreted cell wall proteins and the composition of the aggregates possibly related to impaired RP purification. The discovery of pherophorins as a major component of extracellular protein aggregates will inform future strategies to remove or prevent aggregate formation, enhance purification of secreted RPs, and improve yields of recombinant biopharmaceuticals in this emerging cell biofactory.

Key points
• Extracellular protein aggregates hinder purification of recombinant proteins in C. reinhardtii
• Unassembled cell wall pherophorins are major components of extracellular protein aggregates
• Known aggregate composition informs future strategies for recombinant protein purification
Pollutant dispersion by tall buildings: laboratory experiments and Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Lim H. D. , Hertwig Denise , Grylls Tom , Gough Hannah , Reeuwijk Maarten van , Grimmond Sue , Vanderwel Christina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pollutant dispersion by a tall-building cluster within a low-rise neighbourhood of Beijing is investigated using both full-scale Large-Eddy Simulation and water flume experiments at 1:2400 model-to-full scale with Particle Image Velocimetry and Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence. The Large-Eddy Simulation and flume results of this realistic test case agree remarkably well despite differences in the inflow conditions and scale. Tall buildings have strong influence on the local flow and the development of the rooftop shear layer which dominates vertical momentum and scalar fluxes. Additional measurements using tall-buildings-only models at both 1:2400 and 1:4800 scales indicates the rooftop shear layer is insensitive to the scale. The relatively thicker incoming boundary layer affects the Reynolds stresses, the relative size of the pollutant source affects the concentration statistics and the relative laser-sheet thickness affects the spatially averaged results of the measured flow field. Low-rise buildings around the tall building cluster cause minor but non-negligible offsets in the peak magnitude and vertical location, and have a similar influence on the velocity and concentration statistics as the scale choice. These observations are generally applicable to pollutant dispersion of realistic tall building clusters in cities. The consistency between simulations and water tunnel experiments indicates the suitability of both methodologies.

Graphical abstract
Domain adaptation based transfer learning approach for solving PDEs on complex geometries
Authors: Chakraborty Ayan , Anitescu Cosmin , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn machine learning, if the training data is independently and identically distributed as the test data then a trained model can make an accurate predictions for new samples of data. Conventional machine learning has a strong dependence on massive amounts of training data which are domain specific to understand their latent patterns. In contrast, Domain adaptation and Transfer learning methods are sub-fields within machine learning that are concerned with solving the inescapable problem of insufficient training data by relaxing the domain dependence hypothesis. In this contribution, this issue has been addressed and by making a novel combination of both the methods we develop a computationally efficient and practical algorithm to solve boundary value problems based on nonlinear partial differential equations. We adopt a meshfree analysis framework to integrate the prevailing geometric modelling techniques based on NURBS and present an enhanced deep collocation approach that also plays an important role in the accuracy of solutions. We start with a brief introduction on how these methods expand upon this framework. We observe an excellent agreement between these methods and have shown that how fine-tuning a pre-trained network to a specialized domain may lead to an outstanding performance compare to the existing ones. As proof of concept, we illustrate the performance of our proposed model on several benchmark problems.
The effect of continuous at-home training of minimally invasive surgical skills on skill retention
Authors: Joosten Maja , Hillemans Vera , van Capelleveen Marije , Bökkerink Guus M. J. , Verhoeven Daan , de Blaauw Ivo , Verhoeven Bas H. , Botden Sanne M. B. I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Skill deterioration of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) skills may be prevented by continuous training. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether unsupervised continuous at-home training of MIS skills results in better skill retention compared to no training.

Methods
Medical doctors followed a two-week interval training for two MIS tasks (precise peg transfer and interrupted suture with knot tying), ending with a baseline test. They were randomly assigned to the no-practice group or continuous-practice group. The latter practiced unsupervised at home every two weeks during the study period. Skill retention was measured after three and six months on both tasks by the total time needed, distance traveled by instruments and LS-CAT score (8 best possible score and > 40 worst score).

Results
A total of 38 participants were included. No significant differences in performance were found at pre-test or baseline. At six months the no-practice group needed more time for the suturing task (309 s vs. 196 s at baseline, p = 0.010) and the LS-CAT score was significantly worse (30 vs. 20 at baseline, p < 0.0001). The continuous-practice group performed the suturing task significantly better than the no-practice group at both three and six months (17 vs. 25, p < 0.001 and 17 vs. 30, p < 0.001) and faster as well (p = 0.034 and p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study shows a skill decay after only a few months of non-use and shows better skill retention after continuous unsupervised at-home practice of MIS skills. This indicates an added value of regular at-home practice of surgical skills.
Clustering-based adaptive data augmentation for class-imbalance in machine learning (CADA): additive manufacturing use case
Authors: Dasari Siva Krishna , Cheddad Abbas , Palmquist Jonatan , Lundberg Lars 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large amount of data are generated from in-situ monitoring of additive manufacturing (AM) processes which is later used in prediction modelling for defect classification to speed up quality inspection of products. A high volume of this process data is defect-free (majority class) and a lower volume of this data has defects (minority class) which result in the class-imbalance issue. Using imbalanced datasets, classifiers often provide sub-optimal classification results, i.e. better performance on the majority class than the minority class. However, it is important for process engineers that models classify defects more accurately than the class with no defects since this is crucial for quality inspection. Hence, we address the class-imbalance issue in manufacturing process data to support in-situ quality control of additive manufactured components. For this, we propose cluster-based adaptive data augmentation (CADA) for oversampling to address the class-imbalance problem. Quantitative experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and to compare with other selected oversampling methods using AM datasets from an aerospace industry and a publicly available casting manufacturing dataset. The results show that CADA outperformed random oversampling and the SMOTE method and is similar to random data augmentation and cluster-based oversampling. Furthermore, the results of the statistical significance test show that there is a significant difference between the studied methods. As such, the CADA method can be considered as an alternative method for oversampling to improve the performance of models on the minority class.
Robust bias-correction of precipitation extremes using a novel hybrid empirical quantile-mapping method
Authors: Holthuijzen Maike , Beckage Brian , Clemins Patrick J. , Higdon Dave , Winter Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh-resolution, daily precipitation climate products that realistically represent extremes are critical for evaluating local-scale climate impacts. A popular bias-correction method, empirical quantile mapping (EQM), can generally correct distributional discrepancies between simulated climate variables and observed data but can be highly sensitive to the choice of calibration period and is prone to overfitting. In this study, we propose a hybrid bias-correction method for precipitation, EQM-LIN, which combines the efficacy of EQM for correcting lower quantiles, with a robust linear correction for upper quantiles. We apply both EQM and EQM-LIN to historical daily precipitation data simulated by a regional climate model over a region in the northeastern USA. We validate our results using a five-fold cross-validation and quantify performance of EQM and EQM-LIN using skill score metrics and several climatological indices. As part of a high-resolution downscaling and bias-correction workflow, EQM-LIN significantly outperforms EQM in reducing mean, and especially extreme, daily distributional biases present in raw model output. EQM-LIN performed as good or better than EQM in terms of bias-correcting standard climatological indices (e.g., total annual rainfall, frequency of wet days, total annual extreme rainfall). In addition, our study shows that EQM-LIN is particularly resistant to overfitting at extreme tails and is much less sensitive to calibration data, both of which can reduce the uncertainty of bias-correction at extremes.
Comparison of two surgical techniques (HOO vs. BSSO) for mandibular osteotomies in orthognathic surgery—a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Seifert Lukas B. , Langhans Christopher , Berdan Yakub , Zorn Sophie , Klos Michelle , Landes Constantin , Sader Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To retrospectively compare the high-angled sagittal split osteotomy (HOO) and the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for the correction of skeletal dysgnathias regarding intra- and postoperative complications.

Methods
The electronic medical records of all patients treated with an orthognathic surgery at the Department for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany, between the years 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
Two hundred ninety-one patients were included. The overall complication rates were 19.78% (BSSO) compared to 12.5% (HOO) (p = 0.14). Significant differences were found regarding the operation time (HOO < BSSO, p = 0.02), material failure (HOO > BSSO, p = 0.04), and early recurrence requiring revision surgery (HOO < BSSO, p = 0.002). The use of a ramus plate significantly reduced the risk of plate failure (2.8% < 13.6%, p = 0.05). More bad splits (p = 0.08) and early sensory disorders (p = 0.07) occurred in the BSSO group.

Conclusion
The HOO presents a possible alternative to the BSSO since newly developed osteosynthesis material significantly reduces the risk of material failure. The BSSO is accompanied by higher risks of developing complications like a bad split and sensory disorders but, however, remains the standard for large anterior–posterior transpositions of the mandible.
Shear behavior of sliding zone soil of loess landslides via ring shear tests in the South Jingyang Plateau
Authors: Zhu Rongsen , Xie Wan-li , Liu Qiqi , Yang Hui , Wang Qiyao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the 1970s, a large number of loess collapses and landslides have occurred in the Loess Plateau of China due to water diversion and irrigation projects. A large amount of ancient landslide deposits are accumulated at the foot of the tableland, which is likely to slide again in the case of a rapid increase in short-term rainfall or long-term irrigation. The weak characteristics of the sliding zone soil often become the key factor affecting the revival of old landslides. To explore the effects of water content and shear rate on shear behavior of the sliding zone soil, a series of ring shear tests were conducted on reconstituted loess in the South Jingyang Plateau. Experimental results suggest that under the condition of normal consolidation, the soil sample with the optimum moisture content has the highest shear strength. The increase in the shear rate effectively reduces the strength of the soil. Because of the high shear rate, the pore water that cannot be dissipated and fine particles accumulated at the shear plane form a weak base (slurry making theory), which cannot be easily stopped once the landslides start, leading to high-speed and long-distance landslides. In addition, the changes in the soil particles and pores were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the observations were consistent with macroscopic results. From these studies, we come to the conclusion that the motion mechanism of reactivated landslide was associated with the interaction of water content and shear rate, which reduces the shear strength of the displaced materials to a great extent.
Cognitive phenotyping of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 patients
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Radici Alice , Mora Gabriele , Pain Debora 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 infection entails neuroinvasive, neuroinflammatory, and treatment-related features accounting for cognitive deficits in COVID-19-recovered patients. Although screening for such dysfunctions in this population is considered clinically relevant, contributions to cognitive phenotyping including premorbid and disease-related confounders are scarcely represented. This study thus aimed at describing the cognitive outcome at the function-/domain-level of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 patients being already at risk (RCD +) or not (RCD −) for cognitive decline.

Methods
Fifty-four COVID-19-recovered individuals were classified as either RCD + or RCD − according to medical records. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addebrooke Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Attentive Matrices (AM) were administered (N = 54, 34, 28, and 28 patients, respectively).

Results
Prevalence of defective (cutoff = 24.89) MMSE scores was 24.3% in RCD + patients and 5.9% in the RCD − group. ACE-R-total below cutoff scores were less frequent (RCD + : 5.4%; RCD − : 5.9%). Abnormal performances at the FAB an AM were respectively detected in 18.9% and 8.1% of RCD + patients and 0% and 11.8% of the RCD − group. Within the ACE-R subtests, those assessing orientation, attention, and fluency were the most frequently impaired in both groups. Disease-related variables were mostly unassociated with cognitive measures.

Discussion
Both RCD + and RCD − COVID-19-recovered individuals might show cognitive deficits within the dysexecutive-inattentive and amnesic spectrum. Non-instrumental, executive/attentive dysfunctions are predominant in this population and can be detected by both screening and domain-specific psychometric tests—although the latter might be more sensitive in RCD − patients.
Academic engagement: assessment, conditions, and effects—a study in higher education from the perspective of the person-situation interaction
Authors: Alonso-Tapia Jesús , Merino-Tejedor Enrique , Huertas Juan Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study has three main objectives. The first is to know to which degree engagement, as a person variable, and each of its modalities—agency, behavior, cognition, and emotion—are affected by the interaction with several learning situations, listening to a lecture, carrying out practical tasks alone, reading a text while studying, working in groups, or participating in practical classes. The second is to test its relationships with potential moderator variables—motivation, self-efficacy, emotion self-regulation, and stress—and its potential effects on performance and satisfaction. Participants were 531 university students. They filled in a questionnaire that allowed testing alternative theoretical models on the person-situation hypothesis using confirmatory factor analyses. Results showed that if items refer both to engagement modalities and learning situations, the traditional hierarchical model that considers that engagement depends on a personal disposition with four components does not fit well. Instead, the multitrait model does. It shows that engagement, as a general disposition, is activated by the set of situations and that each of its components only plays a role in some of them. The hypotheses on the relationship between engagement and the rest of the variables received positive support. These results open new perspectives for studying and improving engagement.
Planfeststellung und Plangenehmigung im Wasserhaushaltsrecht
Authors: Kümper Boas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem in NuR (2022, Heft 2, S. 77ff.) die Reichweite des wasserhaushaltsrechtlichen Planfeststellungsvorbehalts
sowie Fragen der Verfahrenswahl erörtert wurden, behandeln die nachstehenden Ausführungen die
der fachplanerischen Abwägung vorgelagerten Elemente des Entscheidungsprogramms der wasserhaushaltsrechtlichen
Planfeststellung und Plangenehmigung: das Erfordernis der Planrechtfertigung sowie die in 68 Abs. 3 WHG
normierten Versagungsgründe.
Analysis of the Integration of Aramid Fiber Tension Struts in a Box-shaped Pressure Vessel
Authors: Ruf Michael , Hupfeld Alexander , Heidacher Konstantin , Joop Dominik , Wrana Christian , Horoschenkoff Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShared vehicle architectures for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) allow significant cost reduction in development and production by enabling economies of scale. Therefore, a box-shaped design for a type 4 pressure vessel is developed, which allows an efficient storage of hydrogen in conventional battery design spaces. For a load capable design, the top and bottom of the tank wall are connected with tension struts made of aramid fibers. Based on an analytical design, the geometry of the vessel is defined and a manufacturing process is developed using tufting as key technology for the insertion of the aramid fiber tension struts. The load transfer between the CFRP tank wall and the tension struts is crucial for the mechanical strength of the containment. Fiber loops are evaluated by guiding the tension struts through the CFRP tank wall and deflecting the load. In tensile tests, strengths of at least 1720 MPa are measured for this configuration. The tightness of the containment is ensured by a polymer liner and its adhesion to the struts. The interface between aramid fiber struts and the liner is investigated on strut-level analytically and in experiments. Different shear moduli of the investigated polymers show a major influence on the shear stress in the liner. For the application in the tension-braced pressure vessel, liner materials with the lowest possible modulus should be used to reduce the stress peaks in the liner. Finally, a design corridor for the dimensions of the tension struts and preferred material properties for the liner can be derived. For the investigated material, a strut diameter of 1 mm with a strut spacing of 3 to 5 mm is recommended.