bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-intrinsic CD21 expression impacts the response of B-cell malignancy cells to CD19-CAR-T cells
Authors: Li Dan , Xu Qiongyu , Hu Yutian , Wang Wenbing , Xie Shufeng , Zhao Chunjun , Liu Han 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCD19-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based T-cell therapy has produced promising clinical responses in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. However, a significant portion of patients with mature B cell-derived malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), do not respond to CD19-CAR-T cell therapy. Whether any characteristics and biomarkers intrinsic to cancer cells themselves can predict the CD19-CAR-T cell therapeutic response remains largely unknown. Surprisingly, by using experimental models, we show here that malignant B cells bearing CD21, a mature B cell marker, could not be efficiently killed by CD19-CAR-T cells. CD19, CD21, and CD81, together with CD225, form the B cell coreceptor complex that enhances B cell-mediated signaling. Our results indicated that CD21 affected the recognition of CD19-positive tumor cells by CD19-CAR-T cells and impaired the antitumor capacities of these effector cells. We have not only uncovered a mechanism underlying the impairment of CD19-CAR-T cells in mature B cell-derived CLL and NHL, but also proposed a pretreatment biomarker that may predict CD19-CAR-T cell therapeutic response, thus preventing foreseeable therapy failure and suggesting optimal personized therapies.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in CPT1A deficiency detected by newborn screening in Pacific populations
Authors: Bernhardt Isaac , Glamuzina Emma , Dowsett Leah K. , Webster Dianne , Knoll Detlef , Carpenter Kevin , Bennett Michael J. , Maeda Michelle , Wilson Callum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a long chain fatty acid oxidation disorder, typically presenting with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and liver dysfunction during fasting and intercurrent illness. Classical CPT1A deficiency is a rare disease, although a milder ‘Arctic variant' (p.P479L) is common in the Inuit population. Since the introduction of expanded metabolic screening (EMS), the newborn screening programmes of Hawai'i and New Zealand (NZ) have detected a significant increase in the incidence of CPT1A deficiency. We report 22 individuals of Micronesian descent (12 in NZ and 10 in Hawai'i), homozygous for a CPT1A c.100T>C (p.S34P) variant detected by EMS or ascertained following diagnosis of a family member. No individuals with the Micronesian variant presented clinically with metabolic decompensation prior to diagnosis or during follow‐up. Three asymptomatic homozygous adults were detected following the diagnosis of their children by EMS. CPT1A activity in cultured skin fibroblasts showed residual enzyme activity of 26% of normal controls. Secondly, we report three individuals from two unrelated Niuean families who presented clinically with symptoms of classic CPT1A deficiency, prior to the introduction of EMS. All were found to be homozygous for a CPT1A c.2122A>C (p.S708R) variant. CPT1A activity in fibroblasts of all three individuals was severely reduced at 4% of normal controls. Migration pressure, in part due to climate change may lead to increased frequency of presentation of Pacific peoples to regional metabolic services around the world. Knowledge of genotype–phenotype correlations in these populations will therefore inform counselling and treatment of those detected by newborn screening.
Dynamical downscaling of inland and offshore near‐surface wind speed over China inCORDEXEast Asia Phase I andIIexperiments
Authors: Li Tongxin , Liu Gang , Fang Juan , Tang Jianping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the frameworks of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia first and second phase (CORDEX‐EA‐I and CORDEX‐EA‐II), the impact of spatial resolution, physical parameterization schemes and spectral nudging (SN) on simulating inland and offshore near‐surface wind speed over China is evaluated. By using WRF and RegCM4 models, the CORDEX‐EA simulations driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data are conducted from 1989 to 2008. The regional climate models (RCMs) have the capacity to simulate the spatial patterns of surface wind, although significant overestimations exist over inland China. The WRF CORDEX‐EA‐II experiments with increasing horizontal resolution perform better in reproducing both inland and offshore wind speed than the CORDEX‐EA‐I experiments. Moreover, the experiments with SN can significantly reduce the positive biases of surface wind speed. For the temporal variation of wind speed, almost all the simulations show larger biases in winter than in summer. Particularly, the simulated wind speed in summer in the RegCM4 experiment with CLM3 land surface model (RCC‐II) is close to the observations. The extreme wind speed can be well reproduced by WRF simulations, and the SN experiments perform better than the experiments without SN (NOSN). In addition, the overestimations of surface wind speed can be partly explained by the overestimations of the wind field at 850 hPa level inherited from ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the increase of temperature gradient between the land and ocean in winter.
Evaluation of a standardized posttraumatic stress disorder treatment framework in routine mental health care: Effectiveness and predictors of treatment outcome in a consecutive sample
Authors: Scharff Frederik B. , Lau Marianne E. , Gondan Matthias , Folke Sofie , Arendt Ida‐Marie T. P. , Moeller Stine B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standardized care package (CP) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Danish sample of adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 948). Secondary aims were to identify baseline predictors of treatment outcomes and investigate between‐group differences in outcomes with regard to sex and treatment modality (i.e., group vs. individual therapy). The naturalistic, nonrandomized study followed a pre–post design. Patient data from five psychiatric outpatient clinics were collected between March 2011 and November 2017. Data were drawn from self‐report questionnaires (i.e., SCL‐90‐R, WHO‐5, BHS) and therapist‐reported measures (i.e., GAF‐S, GAF‐F) administered at baseline and posttreatment. Between‐group effects for sex and therapy modality (group vs. individual) were analyzed using analyses of variance, and possible predictors of outcomes were selected through LASSO regression and analyzed via hierarchical regression. Pre–post effects were small to moderate, ds = 0.39–0.69. No differences emerged regarding treatment modality, but women had significantly better outcomes than men. Aside from sex, only baseline symptom severity predicted outcomes. The effectiveness of the CP treatment was generally limited, indicating the need to implement improved therapeutic practices, such as the use of evidence‐based treatments, and to provide better training to mental health clinicians. The findings underscore the need for further comparisons of group and individual treatment modalities using evidence‐based therapies as well as the need to investigate factors that may affect treatment outcome.
Thermally Robust Orange‐Red‐Emitting Color Converters for Laser‐Driven Warm White Light with High Overall Optical Properties
Authors: Deng Taoli , Huang Linhui , Li Shuxing , Zhu Qiangqiang , Wang Le , Takeda Takashi , Hirosaki Naoto , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaser‐driven solid‐state lighting with super‐brightness and compactness is recognized as a promising alternative to white light‐emitting diodes. However, it is quite difficult to achieve laser‐driven warm white light with long‐term stability due to the shortage of robust orange‐ or red‐emitting laser phosphors. In this work, an efficient and thermally robust orange‐red (La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce3+ (LYSN)‐BN phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) film is proposed to realize warm white light, where h‐BN acts as an optical medium to enhance light scattering, a heat sink to reduce the temperature, and a protective layer to prevent LYSN from oxidation. The “LYSN+15 wt.% BN” PiG film shows an internal quantum efficiency of 70% and a luminance saturation threshold of 12.82 W mm−2, much higher than those without h‐BN (i.e., 57.5% and 7.63 W mm−2). A warm white light lamp fabricated by combining “LYSN+15 wt.% BN” PiG film with blue laser diodes, showing tunable correlated color temperatures (2800–5000 K), has a maximal luminous flux of 740 lm and a luminous efficacy of 133.5 lm W−1, which promises high collimation and penetration lighting in the rainy or foggy weather. By designing a composite orange‐red‐emitting phosphor converter, this work lays a foundation for realizing high quality laser‐driven warm white lighting source.
Recent Progress in the Application of Cellulose in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhao Yanjiao , Zhang Meiling , Jiang Shuai , Farooq Amjad , Liu Liying , Ge Aixiong , Liu Lifang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcessive electromagnetic radiation produced by widely used electronic equipment not only harms human health but also affects the accuracy of precision instruments. To meet the growing demand for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, various novel materials are investigated. As a natural biopolymer, cellulose possesses the merits of biodegradability, thermal stability, easy processability, and low cost. Owing to tremendous advantages, cellulose can be used as a substrate, binder, and derived carbon material for EMI shielding materials. Although many research papers on EMI shielding materials containing cellulose have been published, a detailed summary on them has not been acknowledged yet. Hence, this review is composed mainly to cover the structure and properties of cellulose, as well as electromagnetic shielding theory, which are explained in detail by using various research articles, review papers, and book chapters. And the recent applications of cellulose in EMI shielding materials are highlighted. It is hoped that the information gathered from previous studies can provide a reference for the fabrication of cellulose composites with higher EMI shielding performance in future research.
Optimizing the Intercrystallite Connection of a Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Semiconductor Polymer by Controlling the Crystallization Rate via Temperature
Authors: Li Hongxiang , Liu Xinyu , Jin Tianya , Zhao Kefeng , Zhang Qiang , He Chunyong , Yang Hua , Chen Yu , Huang Jianyao , Yu Xinhong , Han Yanchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe charge carrier transport of conjugated polymer thin film is mainly decided by the crystalline domain and intercrystallite connection. High‐density tie‐chain can provide an effective bridge between crystalline domains. Herein, the tie‐chain connection behavior is optimized by decreasing the crystal region length (lc) and increasing the crystallization rate. Poly[4‐(4,4‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐alt‐[1,2,5]‐thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridine] (PCDTPT‐ODD) is dissolved in nonpolar solvent isooctane and high ordered rod‐like aggregations are formed. As the temperature increases, the changes in solution state and crystallization behavior lead to three different chain arrangement morphologies in the films: 1) at 25 °C, large and separated crystal regions are formed; 2) at 55 °C, small and well‐connected crystal regions are formed due to faster crystallization rate and smaller nucleus size; 3) at 90 °C, the amorphous film is formed. Further results show that the film prepared at 55 °C has a smaller crystal region length (lc, 7.6 nm) and higher tie‐chains content. Thus, the film exhibits the best device mobility of 2.3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. This result shows the great influence of crystallization kinetics on the microstructure of conjugated polymer films and provides an effective way for the optimization of the intercrystallite tie‐chain.
Immunomodulatory role of thrombin in cancer progression
Authors: Alexander Eric T. , Gilmour Susan K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoagulation proteases and the generation of thrombin are increased in tumors. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat malignant cancers can exacerbate cancer‐associated thromboses. Thrombin can modify tumor cell behavior directly through the activation of protease‐activated receptors (PAR) or indirectly by generating fibrin matrices. In addition to its role in generating fibrin to promote hemostasis, thrombin acts directly on multiple effector cells of the immune system impacting both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Thrombin‐mediated release of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 leads to the accumulation of multiple tumor‐infiltrating immunosuppressive cell populations including myeloid derived suppresser cells, M2‐like macrophages, and T regulatory cells. Ablation of PAR‐1 from the tumor microenvironment, but not the tumor, has been shown to dramatically reduce tumor growth and metastasis in multiple tumor models. Thrombin‐activated platelets release immunosuppressive cytokines including transforming growth factor‐β that can inhibit natural killer cell activity, helping tumor cells to evade host immunosurveillance. Taken together, there is strong evidence that thrombin influences cancer progression via multiple mechanisms, including the tumor immune response, with thrombin emerging as a target for novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Architectural distortion detection based on superior–inferior directional context and anatomic prior knowledge in digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Li Yue , He Zilong , Ma Xiangyuan , Zeng Weixiong , Liu Jialing , Xu Weimin , Xu Zeyuan , Wang Sina , Wen Chanjuan , Zeng Hui , Wu Jiefang , Chen Weiguo , Lu Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, breast cancer becomes the most leading diagnosed cancer all over the world. The burden is increasing in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Accurately detecting breast lesions in screening images is important for early detection of cancer. Architectural distortion (AD) is one of the breast lesions that need to be detected.PurposeTo develop a deep‐learning‐based computer‐aided detection (CADe) model for AD in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). This model uses the superior–inferior directional context of DBT and anatomic prior knowledge to reduce false positive (FP). It can identify some negative samples that cannot be distinguished by deep learning features.MethodsThe proposed CADe model consists of three steps. In the first step, a deep learning detection network detects two‐dimensional (2D) candidates of ADs in DBT slices with the inputs preprocessed by Gabor filters and convergence measure. In the second step, three‐dimensional (3D) candidates are obtained by stacking 2D candidates along superior–inferior direction. In the last step, FP reduction for 3D candidates is implemented based on superior–inferior directional context and anatomic prior knowledge of breast. DBT data from 99 cases with AD were used as the training set to train the CADe model, and data from 208 cases were used as an independent test set (including 108 cases with AD and 100 cases without AD as the control group). The free‐response receiver operating characteristic and mean true positive fraction (MTPF) in the range of 0.05–2.0 FPs per volume are used to evaluate the model.ResultsCompared with the baseline model based on convergence measure, our proposed method demonstrates significant improvement (MTPF: 0.2826 ± 0.0321 vs. 0.6640 ± 0.0399). Results of an ablation study show that our proposed context‐ and anatomy‐based FP reduction methods improve the detection performance. The number of FPs per DBT volume reduces from 2.47 to 1.66 at 80% sensitivity after employing these two schemes.ConclusionsThe deep learning model demonstrates practical value for AD detection. The results indicate that introducing superior–inferior directional context and anatomic prior knowledge into model can indeed reduce FPs and improve the performance of CADe model.
Litter‐of‐origin traits and their association with lifetime productivity in sows and boars
Authors: Flowers William L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLitter‐of‐origin variables refer to unique characteristics of piglets between birth and weaning. They also are associated with reproductive organ development, so it seems plausible that they should influence lifetime productivity. Birthweight exhibited positive relationships with total sperm per ejaculate and total pigs produced over three parities for boars and sows, respectively. There were minimum birthweights below which the likelihood of future reproductive success was low so its use as an early selection criterion to exclude replacements with poor lifetime potential merits consideration. Colostrum is critical for normal adult reproductive physiology, and its intake can be estimated by measuring immunocrit levels after birth. Immunocrit had positive linear relationships with total pigs born alive over four parities in sows and total sperm produced per ejaculate in boars. Consequently, management strategies that enhance both the quality and quantity of colostrum consumed hold considerable potential for improving lifetime productivity. Results from both retrospective and prospective studies demonstrated that preweaning growth and weaning weight were associated positively with the development of reproductive organs, adult reproductive processes, and lifetime productivity. These should be, perhaps, the easiest to improve from a management perspective through the implementation of strategic cross‐fostering, split‐nursing, or supplemental feeding techniques.
Intercorrelated random fields with bounds and the Bayesian identification of their parameters: Application to linear elastic struts and fibers
Authors: Rappel Hussein , Girolami Mark , Beex Lars A.A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany materials and structures consist of numerous slender struts or fibers. Due to the manufacturing processes of different types of struts and the growth processes of natural fibers, their mechanical response frequently fluctuates from strut to strut, as well as locally within each strut. In associated mechanical models each strut is often represented by a string of beam elements, since the use of conventional three‐dimensional finite elements renders the simulations computationally inefficient. The parameter input fields of each string of beam elements are ideally such that the local fluctuations and fluctuations between individual strings of beam elements are accurately captured. The goal of this study is to capture these fluctuations in several intercorrelated bounded random fields. Two formulations to describe the intercorrelations between each random field, as well as the case without any intercorrelation, are investigated. As only a few sets of input fields are available (due to time constraints of the supposed experimental techniques), the identification of the random fields' parameters involves substantial uncertainties. A probabilistic identification approach based on Bayes' theorem is employed to treat the involved uncertainties.
A parameter space approach for isogeometrical level set topology optimization
Authors: Aminzadeh Masoud , Tavakkoli Seyed Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, a new isogeometrical level set topology optimization is introduced. In previous studies, the level set function is approximated by b‐splines basis functions and the control net is updated during the optimization process. Since control points are not basically on the level set surface, a discrepancy between zero level of function that represents boundaries of the structure, and zero level of its control netis appeared. In this article, the idea is solving level set equation (LSE) over the parameter space of b‐splines basis functions defined in the IGA model. Afterwards, the updated level set function is mapped into the physical space. The level set function is approximated over a grid defined in parameter space which is constantly a unit square. By doing so, control net of the IGA model and the grid for solving LSE are separated. Two well‐known radial basis functions (RBF) and reaction–diffusion (RD) based methods are employed to solve the LSE. The proposed method is applied to minimize the mean compliance when certain amount of material is used and also for weight minimization subject to local stress constraints. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate performance and accuracy of the proposed method.
Fusion transcripts as liquid biopsy markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma: A report of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
Authors: Stegmaier Sabine , Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Aakcha‐Rudel Esther , Münch Petra , Reeh Theresa , Feuchtgruber Simone , Hallmen Erika , Blattmann Claudia , Bielack Stefan , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe possible application of gene fusion transcripts as tumor‐specific noninvasive liquid biopsy biomarkers was investigated in blood plasma from patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and synovial sarcoma (SS).MethodsPatients entered in the CWS Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Registry (SoTiSaR) with tumors positive for fusion genes and available blood/plasma samples were included in our analysis. Cell‐free exosomal RNA was extracted and used to detect PAX‐FOXO1 or SYT‐SSX fusion transcripts by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR).ResultsThe analysis included 112 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid blood samples from 80 patients (65 with ARMS, 15 with SS; 34 with localized, 46 with metastatic disease). For patients with metastatic ARMS, 62% (n = 18) of initial liquid biopsies were positive, and 16 (89%) of them showed initial bone marrow (BM) metastases. For all patients with primary localized ARMS, liquid biopsy was negative at diagnosis. Of the 48 plasma samples collected during therapy and follow‐up, five were positive. None of the liquid biopsies from patients with SS were positive.ConclusionsThis liquid biopsy assay based on the detection of fusion transcripts in cell‐free RNA from blood exosomes is suitable for analysis of patients with ARMS. Results showed good correlation with the initial tumor status; liquid biopsy was positive in 94% of patients with metastatic ARMS and initial BM involvement, whereas biopsies from all patients with localized tumors were negative. Prospective validation and optimization of the assay, as well as its application for other markers in diagnostics and monitoring of soft‐tissue sarcoma, are ongoing.