bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using PFC2D to simulate the shear behaviour of joints in hard crystalline rock
Authors: Ríos-Bayona Francisco , Johansson Fredrik , Mas-Ivars Diego , Sánchez-Juncal Abel , Bolin Axel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSignificant uncertainties remain regarding the assessment of the peak shear strength of rock joints. In recent years, Particle Flow Code (PFC) has been used to simulate shear tests of rock joints. Although previous studies showed PFC’s capability to simulate rock joint shear behaviour, it is uncertain how different parameters in PFC should be combined to realistically capture roughness and strength of asperities in contact of actual rock joints. Under low normal stresses, the shear behaviour of well-mated hard crystalline joints is governed by the interaction between asperities of some tenths of a millimetre. This paper investigates the capability of PFC2D to realistically simulate the peak shear strength of hard crystalline rock joints under different constant normal stress magnitudes. The simulated two-dimensional profiles were selected from the digitised joint surface obtained with optical scanning measurements. To realistically capture surface roughness and asperity strength in PFC2D, different values of joint segment length, particle resolution per segment, and bond strength between particles were studied and calibrated while taking into account the laboratory observations. The results of the numerical simulations in the PFC2D environment show that the simulated peak shear strength using the profile containing the steepest asperity is in good agreement with that measured in the laboratory. The joint profile needs to be represented by both a magnitude of segment length that captures the grain size, and at least two particles per segment. The bond strength calibration needs to account for both asperity size and the number of particles in contact during shearing.
Utilization of gold nanoparticles for the detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue based on laser-induced fluorescence and diffuse reflectance characteristics: an in vitro study
Authors: Nour Maha , Hamdy Omnia , Faid Amna H. , Eltayeb Elsayed Abdallah , Zaky Ahmed Abbas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma is a very common type of oral cancer that affects the health of people with an unacceptably high mortality rate attributed to the difficulties in detecting the disease at an early stage. Therefore, effective techniques for early diagnosis and effective therapy of oral cancer are necessary. In the present study, we exploit the ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to undergo coupled surface plasmon resonance when closely spaced to improve diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. The prepared AuNPs are characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the prepared AuNPs is 12 ± 2 nm with narrow size distributions and exhibited high stability with a zeta potential of − 16.5 mV. The light fluorescence of the normal and cancer cells is recorded before and after NP addition using a spectrometer upon excitation by 405-nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, the light reflectance of the examined samples is measured at different laser wavelengths (red to NIR region). The obtained results show that the cancer cells mixed with AuNPs produce a higher fluorescence peak at 489.2 nm than the cancer cells without AuNPs. Moreover, the optical diffuse reflectance analyses reveal that the addition of AuNPs enhances cancer detection especially at the 635-nm irradiation with sensitivity (94%), specificity (87%), and overall accuracy (91%).
Sperm culture and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in a large andrological population: prevalence and impact on seminal parameters
Authors: Olana Soraya , Mazzilli Rossella , Santino Iolanda , Martinelli Daniela , Zamponi Virginia , Macera Manuela , Salerno Gerardo , Mazzilli Fernando , Faggiano Antongiulio , Gianfrilli Daniele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the prevalence of subjects with a positive sperm culture (SC) for bacteria in subjects with or without genitourinary tract inflammation (GTI); (ii) the actual distribution of the species analysed, according to Gram stain; (iii) the impact on sperm parameters; and (iv) the actual bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.

Methods
A total of 930 subjects (18–55) years, were retrospectively studied. All the patients underwent SC and in the case of positive tests (CFU > 106), a microbiological susceptibility analysis. The subjects studied were subdivided into group A (n = 452), with subjective signs of GTI; group B (n = 478), male partners of infertile couples; and group C, 30 healthy normospermic subjects. In group B and in the control group, a semen analysis was performed.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of positive SC was 21.5% (200/930). The prevalence of positive SC in group A (113/200; 56.5%) was significantly higher vs. group B (87/200; 43.5%; p = 0.01) and control group (1/30; 3.3%; p = 0.0001). In subjects with GTI, the prevalence of asthenozoospermic (96/285; 33.7%) and oligo-asthenozoospermic (98/285; 34.4%) was significantly higher vs. normospermic, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic subjects (22/285 (7.7%), 48/285 (16.8%), 15/285 (5.3%) and 6/285 (2.1%), respectively; p = 0.001). Finally, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions
The prevalence of positive SC is higher in GTI subjects; however, the SC could also be positive in subjects without GTI. Commonly used antibiotics have an increasing risk of being useless for the treatment of bacterial infections. Finally, the diagnosis of GTIs is important also for male fertility.
Drop Test Kinematics Using Varied Impact Surfaces and Head/Neck Configurations for Rugby Headgear Testing
Authors: Stitt Danyon , Kabaliuk Natalia , Alexander Keith , Draper Nick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWorld Rugby employs a specific drop test method to evaluate headgear performance, but almost all researchers use a different variation of this method. The aim of this study was, therefore, to quantify the differences between variations of the drop testing method using a Hybrid III headform and neck in the following impact setups: (1) headform only, with a flat steel impact surface, approximating the World Rugby method, (2 and 3) headform with and without a neck, respectively, onto a flat MEP pad impact surface, and (4) headform and neck, dropped onto an angled MEP pad impact surface. Each variation was subject to drop heights of 75–600 mm across three orientations (forehead, side, and rear boss). Comparisons were limited to the linear and rotational acceleration and rotational velocity for simplicity. Substantial differences in kinematic profile shape manifested between all drop test variations. Peak accelerations varied highly between variations, but the peak rotational velocities did not. Drop test variation also significantly changed the ratios of the peak kinematics to each other. This information can be compared to kinematic data from field head impacts and could inform more realistic impact testing methods for assessing headgear.
Relationship Power, Antiretroviral Adherence, and Physical and Mental Health Among Women Living with HIV in Rural Kenya
Authors: Burger Rachel L. , Cohen Craig R. , Mocello A. Rain , Dworkin Shari L. , Frongillo Edward A. , Weke Elly , Butler Lisa M. , Thirumurthy Harsha , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Weiser Sheri D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the association of gender-based power imbalances and health and health behaviors among women with HIV (WWH). We examined cross-sectional baseline data among WWH in a cluster-randomized control trial (NCT02815579) in rural Kenya. We assessed associations between the Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) and ART adherence, physical and mental health, adjusting for sociodemographic and social factors. SRPS consists of two subscales: relationship control (RC) and decision-making dominance. Women in the highest and middle tertiles for RC had a 7.49 point and 8.88 point greater Medical Outcomes Study-HIV mental health score, and a 0.27 and 0.29 lower odds of depression, respectively, compared to women in the lowest tertile. We did not find associations between SPRS or its subscales and ART adherence. Low sexual relationship power, specifically low RC, may be associated with poor mental health among WWH. Intervention studies aimed to improve RC among WWH should be studied to determine their effect on improving mental health.
Stochastic tramp ship routing with speed optimization: analyzing the impact of the Northern Sea Route on $$\mathrm {CO_2}$$ emissions
Authors: Li Mingyu , Fagerholt Kjetil , Schütz Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo address the decarbonization challenge, we consider a tramp ship routing problem with speed optimization where the availability of future cargoes is uncertain. We propose a two-stage stochastic programming model to solve it. The first stage of the model decides on the deterministic cargoes with the known availability, while the second stage decides on the detailed routing and scheduling plans with the available spot cargoes revealed. Since sailing speed heavily influences on the fuel consumption, and hence costs and emissions, we include the ships’ speeds along the different sailing legs as decision variables. The opening of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) provides a shorter alternative in connecting Asia and Europe, which may benefit the shipping industry in reducing $$\mathrm {CO_2}$$

CO
2

emissions. We use our model to evaluate the impact of NSR on $$\mathrm {CO_2}$$

CO
2

emissions in tramp shipping considering speed optimization and possible future carbon tax schemes, such as fixed and progressive carbon taxes. The computational results indicate that using the NSR improves the gross margins and reduces the $$\mathrm {CO_2}$$

CO
2

emissions for tramp operators.
Responsible innovation and ethical corporate behavior in the Asian fashion industry: A systematic literature review and avenues ahead
Authors: Di Vaio Assunta , Hassan Rohail , D’Amore Gabriella , Tiscini Riccardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFashion firms have transferred their manufacturing processes to Asia, seeking minimum labor costs, supported by the academic literature’s proposals for alternative supply chain configurations to maximize profits. Fashion industry has undergone public analysis, facing demands for greater transparency about environmental and social sustainability. The growing public awareness of sustainability issues has led firms to declare their commitment to sustainable resources, but few changes have been registered. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe listed technological innovation as a key tool for making the fashion industry transparent and traceable regarding sustainability and circularity. The research and responsible innovation framework indicate appropriate ways to manage innovation from a responsible and ethical perspective, according to ethical corporate behaviour (ECB), particularly in the industries characterized by productive phases processed in more countries, such as the fashion industry. However, the linkages between responsible innovation, ECB towards innovative and sustainable business models, and their conceptualization, are still unclear in the fashion industry, achieving the goals included in the UN 2030 Agenda. This study draws on bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the literature on 114 articles published between 1990 and 2021 allows to identify the above issues in the research domains, and outline the evolutionary trajectories, as well as to explore the literary corpus about responsible innovation (RI) in the ethical corporate behaviour (ECB) of the fashion industry and its Asian suppliers. The results highlight that fashion brands strive to develop RI and ECB along their supply chain. Still, the misalignment of corporate ethics and cultural values represents a significant obstacle to the adoption of business models, especially to achieve the goals of UN 2030 Agenda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that discusses RI as enabling driver in the ECB for fashion companies also defining a future research agenda including RI, ECB, iSBMs towards SDGs.
Political polarization in the UK: measures and socioeconomic correlates
Authors: Grechyna Daryna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the political polarization in the UK and analyzes its socioeconomic correlates based on detailed county-level panel data constructed from the British Household Panel Survey. Three different polarization measures, computed following different strands of the literature, are highly correlated and characterized by similar statistical properties, which implies they can be used interchangeably in the quantitative analysis. The empirical evaluation of the determinants of political polarization suggests that regional political polarization in the UK is positively associated with the variability of job status and negatively associated with an increase in the employment rate and an increase in the share of natives in the region. The findings of this paper fill the gaps in understanding the political polarization in the UK by clarifying its measurement, correlates, and trends.
Between the legal technique and the social question: the plural commitments of public defenders in Argentina
Authors: Ciocchini Pablo , Kostenwein Ezequiel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe criminal process in the Province of Buenos Aires has been affected by radical reforms in the last decades. Beginning with the complete replacement of the criminal procedure code in 1998 to the introduction of pre-trial hearings and simplified procedures for cases declared in flagrante delicto in 2004 the reforms have impacted more than legal procedures; they have changed the way judicial actors perceive themselves and their relations with the institution. Based on interviews with ten public defenders of the PBA this article offers an exploratory analysis on how public defenders’ perceptions have been impacted by those reforms and to what extent those internal changes have affected the internal dynamics of the PD. Drawing from the sociology of Bernard Lahire and Laurent Thenevot we identify in the public defenders’ responses how these changes affected their personal commitments. Mapping those commitments allow us to describe the subjective folds of the PD through which it is possible to better understand the decisions of public defenders by considering the internalization they make of the judicial world and its relationship with the institutional context.
Profiles of doctoral students’ experience of ethics in supervision: an inter-country comparison
Authors: Löfström Erika , Peltonen Jouni , Frick Liezel , Niglas Katrin , Pyhältö Kirsi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine variation in doctoral students’ experiences of ethics in doctoral supervision and how these experiences are related to research engagement, burnout, satisfaction, and intending to discontinue PhD studies. Data were collected from 860 doctoral students in Finland, Estonia, and South Africa. Four distinct profiles of ethics experience in doctoral supervision were identified, namely students puzzled by the supervision relationship, strugglers in the ethical landscape, seekers of ethical allies, and students with ethically trouble-free experiences. The results show that the profiles were related to research engagement, satisfaction with supervision and studies, and burnout. Not experiencing any major ethical problems in supervision was associated with experiencing higher engagement and satisfaction with supervision and doctoral studies and low levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Similar profiles were identified across the countries, yet with different emphases. Both Estonian and South African PhD students were overrepresented in the profile of students with ethically trouble-free experiences, while the Finnish students were underrepresented in this profile. The Finnish PhD students were overrepresented among the seekers of ethical allies. Profiles provide information that can alert supervisors and administrators about the extent of the risk of burnout or discontinuing of PhD studies based on students’ negative experiences of the ethics in supervision.
Demographic, clinical and tomographic characteristics of pellucid marginal degeneration patients in South Egyptian population
Authors: Mounir Amr , Abdellah Marwa Mahmoud , Awny Islam , Aldghaimy Ahmed Hassan , Mostafa Engy Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively evaluate the demographic, clinical, and tomographic characteristics of pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) patients in South Egypt.

Methods
This study was retrospective cross-sectional, including all patients who attended and sought refractive surgery at Sohag Center for Corneal and Refractive Surgeries, Sohag, South Egypt, between October 2016 and October 2020, and had a diagnosis of PMD. It included cases of PMD at different stages. Cases with PMD were diagnosed by the two authors (experienced in corneal refractive surgery), combining both slit-lamp biomicroscopy findings and corneal tomography.

Results
Out of the 2534 patients attending the Sohag Center for Corneal and Refractive Surgeries (between October 2016 and May 2020) seeking correction of their refractive errors, 24 patients were found to fit in the diagnosis of PMD. Forty-three eyes of the 24 patients were diagnosed with PMD. The topographic patterns ranged from horizontal bow tie (against the rule astigmatism) being the least presenting, followed by crab claw, then butterfly pattern.

Conclusion
PMD is a separate entity of the ectatic corneal spectrum that can easily be misinterpreted as Keratoconus. Topographic and tomographic patterns cannot solely diagnose PMD as they should be enforced by slit-lamp findings.
Christian Junge – a pioneer in global atmospheric chemistry
Authors: Duce Robert A. , Dickerson Russell R. , Galbally Ian E. , Galloway James N. , Jaenicke Ruprecht , Keene William C. , Lelieveld Jos , Levy Hiram , Prospero Joseph M. , Schütz Lothar , Slemr Franz , Winkler Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChristian Junge (1912–1996) is considered by many to be the founder of the modern discipline of atmospheric chemistry. In studies from the 1950s through the 1970s, Junge was able to link chemical measurements in a few scattered locations around the earth and integrate them with meteorology to develop the first global view of the basic chemical and physical processes that control the sources, transport, transformations, and fate of particles and gases in the atmosphere. In this paper we summarize and comment upon a number of Junge’s seminal research contributions to atmospheric chemistry, including his discovery of the stratospheric sulfate layer (known as the Junge layer), his recognition of the relationship between the variability of the concentrations of trace gases and their atmospheric lifetimes, his studies of aerosol size and number distributions, his development of the first quantitative model of tropospheric ozone, and other significant scientific investigations. We also discuss Junge’s professional life, his many international leadership positions and honors, as well as some memories and reflections on his many abilities that led to his outstanding contributions to the science of atmospheric chemistry.
A Least-Squares Method for the Solution of the Non-smooth Prescribed Jacobian Equation
Authors: Caboussat Alexandre , Glowinski Roland , Gourzoulidis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider a least-squares/relaxation finite element method for the numerical solution of the prescribed Jacobian equation. We look for its solution via a least-squares approach. We introduce a relaxation algorithm that decouples this least-squares problem into a sequence of local nonlinear problems and variational linear problems. We develop dedicated solvers for the algebraic problems based on Newton’s method and we solve the differential problems using mixed low-order finite elements. Various numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and the robustness of the proposed method, compared for instance to augmented Lagrangian approaches.
Production of Bio-composite Films from Gum Arabic and Galangal Extract to Prolong the Shelf Life of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Gomaa Maha M. , Fadly Enas El. , Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset , Abdin Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study was performed to develop biodegradable films with matrix composed from gum Arabic (GA) and different concentrations from Alpinia officinarum phenolic extract (AOE). The color indices, physical properties, surface shape, crystallinity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of produced films were investigated. The incorporation of AOE extract (0.25 g/100 mL) inside GA films increased dark yellow color, reduced moisture, swelling, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films up to 10.29%, 21.05%, 14.15% and 4.20 × 10−10 g H2O/m s p.a., respectively. Furthermore, the scanning electron micrographs showed uniform structure with rough surface and turmoil spots in the structure by increasing AOE concentration inside films. The FT-IR analysis showed typically bands that proved physical interaction between AOE extract and GA polymer. The fabricated films showed satisfied thermal stability manners with declining trend by incorporation of AOE inside GA films. Furthermore, the developed films showed significant effects on reducing the changes of browning index from 17.20 to 24.54 and firmness from 33.98 to 22.65 N of Agaricus bisporus caps during storage days compared with commercial packaging materials.
Between Presence and Commitment: A Qualitative Exploratory Study of People with Visual Impairment in Polish Religious Communities
Authors: Maciejewska Magdalena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article aims to identify factors that may be important in the inclusion process of people with disabilities in religious communities. This text was based upon the interviews conducted with 10 respondents who belonged to Christian communities. They were characterised by a diverse approach, and are therefore referred to in this article as spiritual settlers, spiritual pilgrims and spiritual wanderers. These were then associated with theoretical terms such as presence, affiliation and commitment, to analyse the procedures of the respondents' self-reported functioning in these religious communities.
Extraction of uranium and copper from acid leached solid waste of Alluoga sedimentary rocks, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Attia Reda M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA solid waste sample from acidic leaching of Alluoga sedimentary rocks, SW Sinai, Egypt, was processed for leaching and extraction of U and Cu respectively. This sample assayed 200 mg/kg U and 5 g/kg Cu. The present work aims to obtain solid waste free of U and Cu through selective alkaline leaching for uranium followed by environmentally safe glycine solution for copper leaching from the resulted waste. Under studied optimum conditions the leaching efficiency of U and Cu attained 93% and 96% respectively. Uranium was extracted using Amberlite IRA-400 Anion exchanger while Cu was selective extracted by LIX-973N diluted in kerosene. The relevant factors affecting the Cu extraction process were adequately studied and the number of stages for extraction and stripping were determined by the construction of McCabe–Thiele diagram.