bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an App-based Intervention to Reduce Substance Use, Gambling and Digital Media Use in Vocational School Students: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arnaud Nicolas , Weymann Johanna , Lochbühler Kirsten , Pietsch Benjamin , Rossa Monika , Kraus Ludwig , Thomasius Rainer , Hanewinkel Reiner , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Substance-related and addictive disorders are among the most common mental disorders in adolescence and young adulthood. Vocational school students are a risk group for problematic substance use and addictive behavior. However, the availability of evidence-based prevention concepts and programs is underdeveloped in the vocational school setting.Methods/design: A two-arm cluster randomized waitlist-controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an app-based intervention to decrease substance use, gambling and digital media use in vocational school students in Germany. Vocational students will participate in an app-based intervention that is designed to support voluntary commitment to abstain from or reduce substance or digital media use over a period of two weeks. The “education-as-usual” control arm will have access to the intervention after data collection is completed. Primary outcome measures will be use of alcohol, nicotine, and digital media 30 days after intervention. Several secondary outcome measures will also be included, such as cannabis consumption, gambling, symptoms of stress, physical activity, mindfulness, well-being, impulsivity and sensation seeking, and readiness to change. A total of 4,500 vocational students from 225 classes will be recruited and randomized across three German federal states. Discussion:This study protocol describes the design of an RCT testing the effectiveness of an app-based intervention to reduce addictive behaviors in vocational school students. It is expected that this approach will be feasible for and effective in the vocational school setting and that the study provides comprehensive information on the key factors involved in temporary abstaining or reducing substance or digital media use.Trial registration: German Register of Clinical Studies: No. DRKS00023788, registered on January 20, 2021
DNA recovery from used malaria RDT to detect Plasmodium species and to assess Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity: A pilot study in Madagascar
Authors: ANDRIANARANJAKA Voahangy Hanitriniaina Isabelle , Ravaoarisoa Elisabeth , Rakotomanga Tovonanahary Angelo , Ralinoro Fanomezantsoa , Rakoto Danielle A Doll , Randrianarivo Hanitra , Jeannoda Victor , Ratsimbasoa Arsène 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) are widely used for malaria diagnosis in Madagascar, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant species. Molecular diagnosis is essential for malaria surveillance, but requires additional blood samples for DNA extraction. Used mRDTs is an attractive alternative that can be used as a source of DNA. P. falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection, usually determined by the genotyping of polymorphic regions of merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 genes (msp1, msp2), and the repeated region RII of the glutamate-rich protein gene (glurp) have been associated with malaria transmission levels and subsequently with the impact of the deployed control strategies. Thus, the study aims using mRDT as DNA source to detect Plasmodium species, to characterize P. falciparum genetic diversity and determine the multiplicity of infection. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in two sites with different epidemiological patterns: Ankazomborona (low transmission area) and Matanga (high transmission area). On May 2018, used mRDT (SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag P.f/Pan, 05FK63) were collected as DNA source. Plasmodium DNA was extracted by simple elution with nuclease free water. Nested-PCR were performed to confirm Plasmodium species and to analyze P. falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp genes polymorphisms. Results: Amongst the 170 obtained samples (N=74 from Ankazomborona and N=96 from Matanga), Plasmodium positivity rate was 23.5% (40/170) [95%CI: 17.5 – 30.8%] by nested-PCR with 92.2% (37/40) positive to P. falciparum, 5% (2/40) to P. vivax and 2.5% (1/40) to P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infection. Results showed high polymorphisms in P. falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp genes. Multiple infection rate was 28.6% [95% CI: 12.2 - 52.3%]. The mean of MOI was 1.79 ± 0.74. Conclusion: This pilot study highlighted that malaria diagnosis and molecular analysis are possible by using used malaria RDT. A large-scale study needs to be conducted to assess more comprehensively malaria parasites transmission levels and provide new data for guiding the implementation of local strategies for malaria control and elimination. Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Predicting coronary artery calcified plaques using perivascular fat CT radiomics features and clinical risk factors
Authors: Wei Wei , Hu Guoqing , Ge Ya-qiong , Hu Xiao-kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study was performed to investigate the value of the radiomics features of perivascular fat in predicting the texture of coronary artery plaques.Methods: The data of 200 patients with coronary plaques were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 828 radiomics features were extracted for each lesion, and 12 features obtained after filtering screening were used to build a machine learning model. Clinical risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were collected, and a combined model was established. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the model.Results: The radiomics features of perivascular fat could significantly differentiate whether a plaque was calcified or not, and a correlation was found between age and plaque calcification among clinical risk factors. The discrimination of the combined model improved slightly after the addition of the age factor, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.00) and 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.00) for the combined model training and testing groups, respectively. The sensitivity was 0.92 and 0.86 and the specificity was 0.99 and 1, respectively. Through decision curve analysis, the clinical usefulness of the combined model was demonstrated to be optimal in the four-group model.Conclusions: The combined model established and validated based on enhanced computed tomography radiomics features and clinical risk factors has high value in predicting coronary artery calcified plaque.
Expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Induces Ligament Degeneration Through Endochondral Ossification in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tokumoto Maya , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Nekomoto Akinori , Ishikawa Masakazu , Ikuta Yasunari , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Degeneration occurs in various tissues such as cartilage and subchondral bone, and ligament deficiency also plays an important role in the osteoarthritis (OA) progression, but factor which it causes is still unclear. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), one of the neuropeptides, its expression increases in OA progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism of ligament degeneration and the function of CGRP.
Methods
To examine the relationship between ligament degeneration and CGRP expression, human posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) from OA patients and SAMP8 mice were histologically analyzed. The effect of CGRP of human ligament cells on the differentiation was also examined.
Results
In human PCL, CGRP expression increased as degeneration progressed, and decreased in the severe degeneration. CGRP expressed in the chondrocyte like cells with SOX9. In SAMP8 mice, the expression of CGRP increased as OA progression, but it decreased in the severe OA. CGRP up regulated the gene expression of VEGF, SOX9, RUNX2, Col10a1and MMP13. CGRP also promoted chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the human ligament cells.
Conclusions
During OA progression, CGRP induces the transdifferentiation from ligament cells to chondrocytes, and promotes endochondral ossification in the ligament. CGRP would be the therapeutic target to prevent the ligament degeneration.
Prenatal Assessment and pregnancy outcomes of foetal low-lying conus medullaris using 3D Ultrasound
Authors: Sun Yu , Jing Baihua , Zhang Huijing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to follow up cases with low conus medullaris (CM) using three dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and analyze and explore the correlation between the CM location and the final prognosis. Methods 39 cases of low CM diagnosed prenatally in the Peking University First Hospital was collected retrospectively from January, 2019 to December, 2020. The location of CM was confirmed by 3D ultrasonography and clinical data including postnatal outcomes were collected.Results The average gestational weeks when low CM was diagnosed was between 23 and 24 weeks. Among 39 cases, there are 9 cases (23.1%) which were complicated with spine abnormality (3 cases of open spina bifida, 6 cases of tethered cord syndrome). Apart from 9 cases of pregnancy termination, the remaining 30 cases of live births had good prognosis, though 5 of 6 cases of tethered cord syndrome underwent the surgical release. The mean location of cases of open spinal dysraphism and cases of closed dysraphism/tethered cord syndrome was at L5 and between Lumber vertebra (L)5 and Sacral vertebra (S) 1 respectively, which showed statistically significance compared with the postnatally normal group. When we set Lumber 4.25 as the cut-off value to predict the diagnosis of spine abnormality (mainly open spina dysraphism and closed spinal dysraphism/tethered cord syndrome, the sensitivity was 66.7 and the specificity was 96% with the area under curve (AUC) at 0.877. Conclusion Low CM was related with spinal defects (mainly open spinal dysraphism and closed spinal dysraphism/tethered cord syndrome). Clinicians should be cautious especially when the location of CM was lower than L4. In cases of tethered cord syndrome, release surgery was needed according to the postnatal condition. Otherwise, the prognosis of low CM was good.
LncRNA MEG3 Induces Endothelial Differentiation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Targeting MiR-145-5p/KLF4
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Liu Gang , Mao Xu , Yang Lei , Wang Bingyu , Yuan Xingxing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms through which long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) affected the endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Material and Methods: ADSCs were isolated and identified by specific surface marker detection. The effects of lncRNA MEG3 on endothelial differentiation of ADSCs were also detected via quantitative PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence and Matrigel angiogenesis assays. In addition, using target gene prediction tools and luciferase reporter assays, the downstream target gene was demonstrated. Results: LncRNA MEG3 targeted and reduced the expression levels of microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p), which upregulated the expression levels of Krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4), promoting endothelial differentiation of ADSCs. Conclusion: LncRNA MEG3 induced endothelial differentiation of ADSCs by targeting miR-145-5p/KLF4, which may provide novel insights to illustrate the mechanism of endothelial differentiation of ADSCs.
Identification of Patterns in the Use of Wired Equivalent Privacy (Wep) as a Security Protocol in Wi-Fi Networks.
Authors: Valle Francisco , Alonso Mauricio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The constant access to the internet is today part of our life, both in work and family environments we are forced to be connected. In 2020, the arrival and rapid spread of covid-19 have shown us this situation more firmly. Unfortunately, society continues to postpone raising awareness on cybersecurity issues at all levels. This is how today we see the use of obsolete security protocols in different environments. In this document, we focus on identifying the use of the WEP protocol in a sector of the city of Bogotá, as well as the common elements of its users, and demonstrating how with free software it is possible to break the security provided by this network protocol.
Tumor Specificity of WNT Ligands and Receptors Reveals Universal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Oncogenes
Authors: Chen Cheng , Xu Changling , Yang Xia , Liu Ting , Luo Jingyue , Shi Wen , Yang Lu , Zheng Yi , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The WNT signal pathway has myriad family members, which are broadly involved in embryonic development and human cancer. Over-activation of WNT-β-Catenin signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. However, how diverse components of WNT signaling specifically engaged in distinct tumor types remains incompletely understood.
Methods
We analyzed the transcriptomic profiling of WNT ligands and receptors/co-receptors among 26 different tumor types to identify their expression pattern, and further verified these results using clinical oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples. At the same time, we also detected WNT7B expression in oral inflammation and carcinoma, and constructed stable WNT7B knockdown OSCC cell lines to study the effects of WNT7B on the cell proliferation and invasion ability.
Results
We found a group of tumor-specific WNT members, including a panel of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) specific upregulated WNT ligands and receptors, WNT5A, WNT7B, FZD7 and GPC1. We further revealed a significant correlation between these protein expression characteristics and clinical outcomes of OSCC and LUSC patients. Moreover, WNT7B was demonstrated to contribute to the development of oral chronic inflammation and OSCC, partly due to promoting the invasion ability of tumor cells.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the function of WNT ligands and receptors in specific tumors depends on the origination of tumor tissue type. Collectively, they support the use of WNT components as a highly specific target for pan-tissue-type originated tumors.
Effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates mesoionic compound
Authors: Hua Shugui , Wang Xia , Liu Zeyu , Lu Tian , Zhao Mengdi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of an electronic push-pull mesoionic compond, 2-(4-trifluoromethophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-thiolate, were theoretically investigated with a reliable computing strategy. The essence of the optical properties were then explored through a variety of wavefunction analysis methods, such as the natural transition orbital analysis, hole-electron analysis, (hyper)polarizability density analysis, decomposition of the (hyper)polarizability contribution, and (hyper)polarizability tensor analysis, at the level of electronic structure. The influences of the electric field and solvation on the electron absorption spectrum and (hyper)polarizability of the molecule are highlighted and clarified. This work will help people to understand the effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the optical properties of mesoionic-based molecules.
Vestibular Nerve Function In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Detected By Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Zhang Jinying , Lin Jiayu , Huang Huapin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Vestibular dysfunction may be present in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This relationship was frequently observed in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the vestibular function of diabetic patients and compare the results with those of a healthy adult control group.Materials and Methods: Patients were asked to complete demographic characteristics form. Moreover, lipids, fasting plasma glucose, as well as hemoglobin A1C tests, were carried out on them. Both the patients and control group were evaluated using two vestibular tests including ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (o-VEMP), and cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (c-VEMP).Results: The The o-VEMP and c-VEMP showed a significant difference in latencies between the four groups. oVEMP latency p15 and cVEMP latency (p13, n23) were positively correlated with HbA1c, FPG, and illness duration, and oVEMP latency n10 was positively correlated with HbA1c and FPG, with statistically significant differences.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, vestibular dysfunctions are related to Diabetes. Patients with type two diabetes mellitus showed vestibular dysfunctions compared to the healthy control group.
Fine m apping of QFlw-5B , a major QTL for flag leaf width in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. )
Authors: Zhao Chunhua , Liu Xijian , Liu Hongwei , Kong Wenchao , Zhao Zhuochao , Zhang Shengren , Wang Saining , Chen Yingzi , Wu Yongzhen , Sun Han , Qin Ran , Cui Fa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Flag leaf width (FLW) is important to production in wheat. In a previous study, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for FLW (QFlw-5B) was detected on chromosome 5B, within an interval of 6.5 cM flanked by the markers XwPt-9103 and Xbarc142, using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Kenong9204 (KN9204) and Jing411 (J411) (denoted as KJ-RILs). The aim of this study was to fine map QFlw-5B and characterize its genetic effects on yield-related traits. Multiple near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using a residual heterozygous line (RHL) for QFlw-5B. Six recombinants for QFlw-5B were identified, and its location was narrowed to a 2.5 Mb region based on phenotypic and genotypic analyses. This region contained 27 predicted genes, two of which were the most likely candidate genes for QFlw-5B. An analysis of genetic effect indicated that the FLW of NIL-KN9204 was significantly higher than that of NIL-J411 across all of the environments tested. Meanwhile, significant increases in plant height, grain width and 1000-grain weight were observed in NIL-KN9204 compared with NIL-J411. These results indicated that QFlw-5B has great potential for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs designed to improve both plant structure and yield. This study also provides a basis for the map-based cloning of QFlw-5B.
Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasites And Associated Risk Factors Among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending At Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) Clinic At Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Abayneh Mengistu , Duguma Tadesse 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still very common, especially in areas where immune-compromised patients like HIV/AIDS patients are high prevalent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite and risk factor among HIV/ AIDS patients attending ART clinic in Mizan-Tepi university teaching hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Method: A cross -sectional survey was conducted from July to September, 2021. A total of 191 study subjects were participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting socio-demographic and risk factors data. Stool sample was collected and processed using direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelson staining techniques. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 25 software and logistic regressions were applied to assess any association between explanatory factors and outcome variables. Result: From a total of 191 stool samples, 67 (35.1%) were positive for intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients on-ART was 31.5% (45/143) and 45.8% (22/48) among ART naïve group. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.7%) and (12.5%) and Giardia lamblia (7.0%) and (10.4%) was the most predominant parasites detected both in ART and ART naïve groups (p > 0.05). Drinking untreated water (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.016-1.012), consuming raw food (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.025-2.108), eating unwashed raw vegetables (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.052-4.843); CD4 count <200cells/ mm3 (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.062-0.798), CD4 count 200-500cells/mm3 (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.195-0.811), WHO stage II (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.156-0.589), WHO stage III (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.108-0.917) and viral load ≥150 copies/ml (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.220-0.873) were showed significant association with prevalence of intestinal parasite.Conclusion: In this study, higher rate of intestinal parasitosis were associated with hygienic practices like drinking untreated water, consuming raw food and eating unwashed raw vegetables and with some clinical findings such as lower CD4 counts, increased viral load and being WHO stage II & III. Therefore, public health measures and adherence to ART should be strengthened to improve the immune status and to reducing vulnerability of the patients for intestinal parasites.
Novel neuroprotective peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of pea protein
Authors: Chiang Wen-Dee , Hsu Yun-Chi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to purify and identify neuroprotective peptides derived from Flavourzyme ® -pea protein hydrolysate (FPPH). Cell viability of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ 1−42 )-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells was used to explore neuroprotective effects of pretreating the cells with or without hydrolysate and its fractions. The higher cell viability represents the better neuroprotective effect. The hydrolysate was sequentially purified by gel filtration (GF) chromatography, reversed-phase (RP) chromatography and cation-exchange (CE) chromatography to explore any fraction to increase neuroprotective effects. The peptides were identified using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). Three novel neuroprotective peptides were obtained, and the amino acid sequences were NKFGKFF, GGPFKSPF and RPVLGGSSTFPYP. The in vitro effect of gastrointestinal proteases on neuroprotective effects of the three peptides were 23 also investigated. The result suggested that the gastrointestinal protease did 24 not affect neuroprotective effects of the three novel peptides, which reveal the 25 potential to ameliorate disease caused by neurodegeneration.