bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient two-stage laser enrichment up to 99% of carbon-13 isotope by IR multiphoton dissociation of Freon molecules
Authors: Laptev V.B. , Pigul’skii S.V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new method for two-stage laser enrichment of carbon-13 (13C) by isotope-selective IR multiphoton dissociation of Freon molecules is considered, which makes it possible to achieve a concentration of 13C up to 99 % or higher with high productivity. At the first stage, as a result of the selective dissociation of CF2HCl (Freon-22) molecules, it is expected to obtain a C2F4 dissociation product enriched in 13C up to 30 % – 50 %. At the second stage, CF2Br2 (Freon-12B2) is proposed to be used as a working substance, which is synthesised from enriched C2F4, and the enrichment process is carried out by selective deep ‘burning-out’ of the 12C-containing component. Experiments on multiphoton dissociation of Freon-12B2 with an initial 13CF2Br2 concentration of 30 % in a mixture with oxygen by pulsed CO2 laser radiation are performed. It is shown that reaching a 13CF2Br2 concentration of no lower than 99 % is possible at high values of the elementary separation act parameters: 15 % – 18 % dissociation yield and 40 – 75 selectivity for 12CF2Br2 molecules.
Soil carbon stock and biological activity in silvopastoral systems planted with
Authors: Moreira Elwira Daphinn Silva , Oliveira Alan Figueiredo de , Santos Claudinei Alves dos , Gonçalves Lúcio Carlos , Viana Maria Celuta Machado , Marriel Ivanildo Evódio , Gontijo Neto Miguel Marques , Alvarenga Ramon Costa , Lana Ângela Maria Quintão 
Published: March 2022

Context There is little information on the effects of tree densities and ages of silvopastoral systems (SSPs) on total soil carbon stock (TSCS). Aims This study aimed to evaluate the TSCS, carbon and nitrogen fractionation and biological activity in SSPs planted with Eucalyptus grandis in different densities and ages. Methods Two SSPs (333 or 166 trees ha−1) and one full sun pasture (FSP) grown for 5 or 7 years and native vegetation (NV) were evaluated (seven treatments). Samples were collected up to 1 m deep to evaluate the variables. Key results Particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were higher (P < 0.05) in FSP (14.1 and 0.725 g kg−1), intermediate in SSP (9.88 and 0.46 g kg−1) and lower in NV (6.12 and 0.29 g kg−1). TSCS was 44.8% (194 vs 134 Mg ha−1; P < 0.001) higher in SSP and FSP compared to NV. Higher tree density reduced TSCS in younger systems, but without effect on older systems. TSCS was 13.7% (207 vs 182 Mg ha−1; P = 0.026), POC was 52.0% (11.9 vs 7.83 g kg−1; P < 0.001) and PON was 54.4% (0.556 vs 0.360 g kg−1; P < 0.001) higher in SSP for 7 compared to 5 years, respectively. Conclusions Tree density had a limited effect on TSCS. Higher SSP age increased carbon sequestration, probably due to greater cycling in the particulate fraction and better biological activity. Implications The SSP and well-managed FSP are good strategies to increase TSCS compared to NV, and their use can improve environmental indicators.
Second language grammar learning in refugee children
Authors: Olioumtsevits Konstantina , Papadopoulou Despina , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This exploratory study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group dictation in primary school children with a refugee background. More specifically, running dictation was employed in the teaching of two grammatical phenomena in L2 Greek, tense and gender agreement. Two studies were conducted to investigate each grammatical structure separately. Each study consisted of a pre-test that investigated the pupils’ performance on the grammatical structure, the teaching intervention via running dictation, and a post-test that explored its efficiency on pupils’ accuracy. All pupils that participated in the studies were enrolled in formal Greek education and their L1s were Arabic, Farsi or Kurdish. According to the results from both studies, the children’s post-intervention performance did not improve significantly. However, the pupils’ accuracy on some of the grammatical forms tested as well as their error patterns indicated that running dictation helped the pupils notice the target grammatical phenomena and thus become more aware of them. Moreover, some data showed that older pupils benefited more from the target-activity than younger ones. Therefore, the present study provides evidence that running dictation may have a positive qualitative rather than quantitative impact on learners’ grammatical development and is dependent on the pupils’ age.
Boosting the electro-mechanical coupling of piezoelectric polyvinyl alcohol–polyvinylidene fluoride blends by dispersing nano-graphene platelets
Authors: Valadorou Dimitra , Papathanassiou Anthony N , Kolonelou Eirini , Sakellis Elias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed with piezo-active polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) micro-grains constitute hybrid blends for transfusing mechanical energy to electrical energy. In principle, the value of the piezoelectric coefficient is a portion of the value that neat PVdF exhibits. In the present work, we investigate the possibility of augmenting the total electromechanical coupling by dispersing nano-graphene platelets (NGPs). Mechanical stress applied on structurally and compositionally heterogeneous solids results in increased values of the internal local stress field: NGPs are likely to amplify the local stress exercised on the surface of individual piezoelectric polymer grains. PVA–PVdF (3:1 w/w), cast from a water solution, loaded with various fractions of NGPs boost the value of the overall piezoelectric coefficient by 150% per weight fraction of NGPs and becomes superior to values reported for neat electro-active PVdF.
MXene-contact enhanced broadband photodetection in centimeter level GeS films
Authors: Yin Shiqi , Zhao Bingtian , Wan Jiajie , Wang Siliang , Yang Jiyong , Wang Xi , Zeng Longhui , Han Wei , Chen Lijie , Chen Jiawang , Li Gang , Zhang Hanlin , Li Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The persistent pursuit of broadband photodetectors derives from their unique properties for promising applications such as optoelectronic devices, imaging sensors, and neuromorphic computing. Here, we fabricated high-performance, ultra-wide spectral response (250–1064 nm) and easy-processing spin-deposition photodetector based on amorphous germanium sulfide (a-GeS) films by using Ti3C2T
x
transparent electrodes as contacts. In addition, photodetectors based MXenes contacts have larger photocurrent compared with Au contacts because MXenes conductive films have larger photo-responsive active areas and the surface plasmon-assisted hot carriers generated by the laser irradiation on MXenes. As-prepared photodetectors based on MXenes electrodes exhibit a photo-to-dark current ratio of up to 3.91 × 102 under a bias of 8 V, coupled with the response speed of 59 ms, photoresponsivity (166 mA W−1) and high detectivity (4.41 × 1010 Jones). This work combining amorphous materials with highly conductive MXene film has excellent application prospects for ultra-wide spectral response optoelectronic devices.
Modeling surface spin polarization on ceria-supported Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Kang Byungkyun , Vincent Joshua L , Lee Yongbin , Ke Liqin , Crozier Peter A , Zhu Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we employ density functional theory simulations to investigate possible spin polarization of CeO2-(111) surface and its impact on the interactions between a ceria support and Pt nanoparticles. With a Gaussian type orbital basis, our simulations suggest that the CeO2-(111) surface exhibits a robust surface spin polarization due to the internal charge transfer between atomic Ce and O layers. In turn, it can lower the surface oxygen vacancy formation energy and enhance the oxide reducibility. We show that the inclusion of spin polarization can significantly reduce the major activation barrier in the proposed reaction pathway of CO oxidation on ceria-supported Pt nanoparticles. For metal-support interactions, surface spin polarization enhances the bonding between Pt nanoparticles and ceria surface oxygen, while CO adsorption on Pt nanoparticles weakens the interfacial interaction regardless of spin polarization. However, the stable surface spin polarization can only be found in the simulations based on the Gaussian type orbital basis. Given the potential importance in the design of future high-performance catalysts, our present study suggests a pressing need to examine the surface ferromagnetism of transition metal oxides in both experiment and theory.
Shock absorber lateral and impact force measurement using a column-type sensor
Authors: Zheng Guofeng , Chen Wen , Chen Baixian , Zhao Shuen , Wang Qiongyao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel method for the lateral and impact force measurement of shock absorbers using a three-component column-type sensor is proposed in this study. The strain gauge configuration and the bridge connection were designed, and the outputs of each designed measuring bridge under both alignment and eccentric loading were theoretically analyzed. Simulations and experimental tests were conducted to validate the measuring bridge output of the theoretical analysis; the results from the theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiments agree well with one another. In accordance with the specifications put forth in the SAE J2570 standard, the designed sensor was calibrated to obtain its performance parameters and calibration coefficients, which were then applied to acquire the lateral and impact force of a shock absorber. The calibration results demonstrate that the maximum nonlinearity and hysteresis were 0.51% and 0.87% (full-scale), respectively, and the sensor had good linearity and weak coupling between dimensional characteristics.
An improved snow depth retrieval method with adaptive noise reduction for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS multi-frequency signals
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Yue Jianping , Chu Zhengwei , Zhu Shaolin , Liu Zhiqiang , Wu Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique is an effective method of monitoring snow depth. The detrended signal-to-noise ratio (dSNR) series is analyzed by a Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) to extract the characteristic frequency, which can be converted to the snow depth. However, the dSNR data are greatly affected by noise in the observation environment, which leads to an abnormal characteristic frequency and low accuracy of snow depth retrieval. In order to reduce the influence of noise and to ensure the correct extraction of the characteristic frequency, we present an improved adaptive retrieval method for the multi-constellation retrieval scenario. First, the dSNR sequences are decomposed adaptively into several singular spectrum components (SSCs) with different frequency scales by singular spectrum decomposition. Then, the corresponding SSCs are selected, according to the empirical scope of snow depth, to reconstruct the ‘pure’ dSNR series. Finally, the reconstructed signals are analyzed by LSP to derive the characteristic frequency, in order to obtain the snow depth. Multi-GNSS observations of site SG27 and site P351 from the plate boundary observation network in a representative period from winter 2019 to spring 2020 were used to validate the proposed method. The snow depths were estimated from individual signals, individual constellations and multi-GNSS combination using both the traditional and improved methods. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the snow depth trend of the improved method is more consistent with the measured snow depth trend, especially in the early stage of snowfall. Furthermore, the proposed method shows a universal applicability to various signals of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BDS and the retrieval accuracy of all signals is improved to different degrees. When using multi-GNSS combination signals, the mean bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of multi-GNSS snow depth retrieval at site SG27 are improved from 4.6 and 6.2 cm to 4.2 and 5.4 cm, respectively. The mean bias and RMSE at site P351 are improved from 10.5 and 12.4 cm to 9.5 and 11.5 cm, respectively.
Influence of substrate biasing on structural, chemical and electrical properties of Al2O3 thin films deposited by PEALD
Authors: Boubenia S , Lefevre G , Legallais M , Labau S , Bassani F , Hachemi M B , Ghibaudo G , Salem B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-k materials are needed to minimise the gate leakage current in high-speed and high-power switching applications. In this regard, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is gaining extensive attention to be used as high-k material in microelectronics. In this work, we studied the effect of substrate biasing during the oxidizing plasma step on physical, chemical and electrical properties of Al2O3 thin films grown by PEALD on silicon substrate. We show that the structural and electrical properties such as the flat band voltage, and chemical composition can be tuned with the applied substrate bias. Indeed, we highlight that the dielectric constant of the MIS capacitor decreases from 8.5 to 6.5 and the charge polarity of the film is modulated from negative to positive when the applied substrate bias is increased. Using morphological and structural characterisations, we show that the substrate bias significantly affects the chemical composition of Al2O3 thin film layer. Moreover, we highlight by cross-sectional transmission electron the presence of an interfacial layer between Si and Al2O3 which could significantly influence the electrical properties of the deposited thin film. The chemical composition of this interfacial layer can be controlled by the applied substrate bias. Using a series of energy dispersive x-ray experiments, we further confirm the formation of aluminosilicate under low substrate bias condition while silicon oxide is formed under high bias. These findings show that the substrate biasing plays a critical role in defining physical, chemical as well as electrical properties of the PEALD Al2O3 thin films.
Ab initio study of the reactivity of ultracold RbSr + RbSr collisions
Authors: Man Marijn P , Karman Tijs , Groenenboom Gerrit C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We performed ab initio calculations in order to assess the reactivity of ultracold RbSr

(

Σ

+

2

)

+ RbSr

(

Σ

+

2

)

collisions occurring on the singlet as well as the triplet potential. At ultracold energies reactions are energetically possible if they release energy, i.e., they are exoergic. The exoergicity of reactions between RbSr molecules producing diatomic molecules are known experimentally. We extend this to reactions producing triatomic molecules by calculating the binding energy of the triatomic reaction products. We find that, in addition to the formation of Rb2 + 2Sr and Rb2 + Sr2 in singlet collisions, also the formation of Sr2Rb + Rb and Rb2Sr + Sr in both singlet and triplet collisions is exoergic. Hence, the formation of these reaction products is energetically possible in ultracold collisions. For all exoergic reactions the exoergicity is larger than 1000 cm−1. We also find barrierless qualitative reaction paths leading to the formation of singlet Rb2 + 2Sr and both singlet and triplet Rb2Sr + Sr and Sr2Rb + Rb reaction products and show that a reaction path with at most a submerged barrier exists for the creation of the singlet Rb2 + Sr2 reaction product. Because of the existence of these reactions we expect ultracold RbSr collisions to result in almost-universal loss even on the triplet potential. Our results can be contrasted with collisions between alkali-diatoms, where the formation of triatomic reaction products is endoergic, and with collisions between ultracold SrF molecules, where during triplet collisions only the spin-forbidden formation of singlet SrF2 is exoergic.
Thermal Cracking Mitigation in Mass Concrete on Preplacing Aggregate Concrete Method with Pozzolanic Materials
Authors: Daniel Lo’ong S , Chairunnisa N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fly ash is known as a waste from burning coal which has answered the issue of global warming to be an alternative constituent material for concrete. Casting on mass concrete has a major problem like the thermal cracking caused by the hydration process in the cement chemical component. The prevention solution is using fly ash for a mixed design. Moreover, the casting method using the preplacedd aggregate method could be able to control the heat of hydration which lowers the temperature of the concrete by minimalizing the friction between the coarse aggregate particles during the mixing operation. This study aims to analyze the behaviour of surface and core temperatures in mass concrete using the preplacedd aggregate concrete method and substituting part of the cement with fly ash. The result from the study showed that the temperature behaviour of preplacedd aggregate concrete for mass concrete decreased and slowed the temperature rise if compared to the conventional methods. Moreover, the partial substitution of class C fly ash in the concrete mixture leads to reduce the temperature of the mass concrete.
Utilization of Lime and Rice Husk Ash for Peat Soil Stabilization in Different Water Content Condition
Authors: Ma’ruf Muhammad Afief , Yulianto Faisal Estu , Wardani Mila Kusuma , Iswinarti  , Firmansyah Yerry Kahaditu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peat soil is a soft soil with more than 75% organic content, very high void ratio, and very high water content. In recent times, the lack of land use has made peat soil as an option for agriculture, drainage channels, and also for construction. Utilization of peat soil usually causes the peat soil water content to decrease. Based on the condition of its water content, the condition of peat soil can be classified into several conditions, which is peat soil with constant water content, peat soil which affected by ambient water content, and dried peat soil. Some of the improvement efforts made include the method of improvement by means of stabilization. The stabilization material used was a mixture of lime (CaCO3) and rice husk ash with the combination of 70% rice husk ash and 30% lime. Based on those studies, the use of the stabilization method is not recommended if the peat soil water content has decreased more than 50%. Therefore, the peat soil water content needs to be maintained in order for the stabilization to be effective and also for the sake of environmental preservation.
The 1.5°C climate and energy scenarios: impacts on economic growth
Authors: Ekins Paul , Drummond Paul , Scamman Daniel , Paroussos Leonidas , Keppo Ilkka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the context of calls for ‘de-growth’ (reduction in gross domestic product, [GDP]) in developed countries for them to be able to reduce emissions to ‘net zero’ in time for the temperature target in the Paris Agreement to be met, this article explores the various impacts on economic growth in the scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that limit the average global temperature increase in 2100 to 1.5°C. It finds that the impacts are generally small and that in no case is ‘degrowth’ required, although the requirements for the rate and nature of technological developments are challenging. The article then reports on a modelling exercise that investigates in more detail the economic dynamics of achieving the 1.5°C target. It finds that, as with the IPCC scenarios, and assuming the feasibility of at-scale deployment of carbon capture and negative emission technologies, economic growth continues throughout this century, with a major contribution coming from the investment required to decarbonise the energy system.
A novel approach for navigational safety evaluation of inland waterway ships under uncertain environment
Authors: Liu Jia , Jiang Xinchen , Huang Weina , He Yankang , Yang Zhisen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a safety evaluation model of inland waterway ship navigation based on the fuzzy theory and evidential reasoning (ER) approach. The proposed model is a three-level hierarchical system consisting of 18 indicators that are identified and determined through literature review and expert surveys. By using fuzzy theory, the factors of the index level are converted into belief distributions, and the information of indicators within each level is merged by using the ER approach so that the evaluation of the ship's navigation safety can be realized. This model can deal with multi-source information and both qualitative and quantitative indicators in an integrated framework. Some case studies on the safety status of ships navigating in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during dry season are conducted to validate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model. The results show that the risk levels obtained from the proposed model are consistent with the real-life situation to a large extent. The novel model proposed in this study provides a useful reference for maritime safety management and will help managers and decision-makers in the risk prevention and early warning of inland waterway transportation accidents.
Psychosocial stress and cancer risk: a narrative review
Authors: Mohan Ananyaa , Huybrechts Inge , Michels Nathalie 
Published: March 2022

Background
It is unclear which psychological factors (stressors, emotional correlates, and psychophysiological markers) induce cancer risk. This currently limits the potential for prevention strategies.

Purpose
The aim of this review is to bring forth evidence of stress as a determinant of cancer risk from a public health perspective, written for a broad public of practitioners and scientists.

Methods
Based on a semisystematic literature search, the impact of different aspects/types of stress and the potential physiological and behavioral pathways are summarized, while highlighting further research, public health and clinical implications.

Results
Between 2007 and 2020, 65 case–control or cohort studies have been identified. Apart from overall cancer (N = 24), 12 cancer types have been associated with psychological stress with most for breast (N = 21), colorectal (N = 11) and lung/prostate/pancreas cancer (N = 8 each). Although the evidence regarding the mechanisms is still scarce, cancer development in relation to stress might be due to interacting and combined effects of different stress(or) types, but such interaction has not really been tested yet. The path from stress towards cancer incidence consists of a biological pathway with endocrinology and immunology as well as stress-induced behavioral pathways, including smoking, alcoholism, sleep disruption, an unhealthy diet, and low physical activity together with the related phenomenon of obesity.

Conclusion
Not only the stress but also the stress-induced lifestyle should be targeted for cancer prevention and treatment. Future research should include a more diverse spectrum of cancer types (not only hormonal related like breast cancer) and of stress measures while also considering behavioral covariates.