bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF MICROPOROUS TAPE IN THE PREVENTION OF ABNORMAL POST-SURGICAL SCARS AMONG A BLACK POPULATION
Authors: Ilori Oluwatosin Stephen , Oladele Ayodeji Olarewaju , Ilori Oluwatosin Ruth , Onilede David A. 
Published: March 2022

Background: A scar can be defined as a mark or a blemish resulting from a healed wound. All surgical incisions give rise to scars and approximately 15% have excessive scars. Some scars are thin lines which are almost unnoticeable, whereas others become abnormal when the amount of fibrosis is excessive or suboptimal or when it causes functional disability or aesthetic distress to the patient. The conversion of normal scarring to hypertrophic scarring occurs six to eight weeks after surgery as a result of increasing scar tension. Thus, scar support especially with the use of microporous tape is critical during this period. Objectives were to determine the efficacy of microporous tape in the prevention of abnormal post-surgical scars. Methods: A randomized control study which compared the limb scar outcome between post-surgical patients who underwent scar taping with microporous tape and those who did not. The scars were assessed at six weeks, three months and six months after surgery using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. The test group had microporous tape applied to their scars over a period of six months and worn twenty-four hours daily. The tapes were changed every fortnight or whenever they fell off. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22. The categorical variables, the relative scar height, the scar width and the OSAS score were compared using the Chi-square test and the independent t-test respectively. Results: At six weeks, 48.8% of non-taped scars and 97.6% of taped scars were normal; at three months 75.6% of non-taped scars and 2.4% of taped scars were abnormal while at 6 months 80.5% of non-taped scars and none of the taped scars were abnormal. Conclusion: Microporous tape is an effective modality for preventing abnormal scarring in post-surgical patients.
Samenzicht kweken in beleidsteams via visualiserend vergaderen
Authors: van Aarle Edward , Korzilius Hubert , Kroondijk Lyan , Munnich Quirine , Stultiens Hubertien 
Published: March 2022

Visually supported consensus building in policy teams
During meetings, policy teams run the risk of producing false consensus and personal conflicts. Asserting one’s own viewpoint often reduces hearing those of others. Changing this requires developing recognition of the perspective of other team members, without depreciating one’s own. We aimed to study the effect of visualizing team members’ views of a problematic situation and their proposed policy approaches. We explored the feasibility of a network diagram visualization method, by assessing team members attitude towards it, expectations about the policy progress and its influence on their mental representation of the policy problem at hand. A field trial was conducted in two policy teams in two non-profit organizations: one healthcare and one financial. In both cases, we compared the newly developed visualization method with meeting as usual. Open and semi-structured interviews were used to collect team members’ views. The qualitative and quantitative analyses showed enhanced mental representations by means of visualization and positive ratings of both the method and its expected effect on consequent policy quality. In conclusion, the results warrant substantive investment into further large-scale research as to sample size, time window, and into its generalizability towards collaborative governance.
De veranderende rol van provincies bij de uitvoering van hun beleid voor maatschappelijke betrokkenheid bij natuur
Authors: de Boer Tineke , van Doren Didi , Kamphorst Dana , Bouwma Irene 
Published: March 2022

The changing role of provinces in the implementation of their policy for social engagement with nature
Promoting societal engagement with nature is an important policy ambition of Dutch nature policy. This article provides an overview of how the provinces together with stakeholders have shaped their policy to increase the societal engagement of citizens with nature in recent years. The goals and governance modes embedded in the policy programs were analyzed, and results and experiences of the various involved parties with the policy were reviewed. Based on a national review and in dept study of three cases, this article describes different regional approaches for increasing societal engagement. In addition it discusses the recent developments within this policy field.The analysis shows that provinces pursue different goals with societal engagement. It is both a policy goal in itself – provinces would like to increase the number of citizens involved – as well as a means of achieving a broader range of other goals (welfare, health, quality of life, shared responsibility, funding, support for nature policy). Provinces use different governance modes; they act as responsive and increasingly networking government. They use various policy instruments; financial support for initiatives and intermediaries, network building and communication. Furthermore, the analysis shows that past experiences have shaped provinces’ governance mode and that these are adapted accordingly. A shift is noted from leaving the initiative with communities to more direct facilitation by the government. Also governing based on performance, linked to new public management, is on the rise, as there is increasing demand for accountability of provincial expenditure.
Ethisch leiderschap: een onderzoek naar de rol van leiderschap bij ethische dilemma’s over datagebruik bij gemeenten
Authors: Zwanikken Pauline , Ruijer Erna 
Published: March 2022

Ethical leadership: a study into the role of leadership in ethical dilemmas about data use in municipalities
The increasing datafication of society brings both opportunities and ethical dilemmas for public organisations. The aim of this research (in Dutch municipalities) is to gain insight into how ethical leadership can support professionals in a public organisation with ethical dilemmas about data use. Based on literature on data and ethical leadership, the authors have developed a conceptual model that indicates how an ethical leader can provide intrinsic and extrinsic support. The model was tested on the basis of 16 vignette interviews with municipal public professionals who work on providing insight into and combating subversion with data. Their findings show that ethical leaders can intrinsically provide support by being trustworthy and independent, leading by example, communicating about ethics and data use, and empowering others. In addition, ethical leaders can provide extrinsic support with ethical tools, such as ethical codes on data use, an ethics committee and training.
Geschiedenis van de (lokale) bestuurswetenschappen: bestuurskunde en rechtswetenschap
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: March 2022

History of (local) administrative sciences: Public Administration and legal science
From 1964 (until 1990 globally) political science would become the dominant approach within the (local) administrative sciences in the Netherlands. This position took over from the legal approach. During this period, the concepts of politics, policy and decision-making were central to research and theory formation. In the period since 1990, we have seen a broader perspective emerging on institutions, management and governance in which Public Administration will increasingly profile itself as an independent discipline. This essay harks back to the importance of the legal approach for (local) administrative sciences from the time of the man who is regarded in the Netherlands as the founder of the discipline of Public Administration: Gerrit van Poelje. More specifically, the author addresses the question of the relationship between Public Administration and legal science in the more than one hundred years of (local) administrative science. After Gerrit van Poelje (his dissertation from 1914 is an important milestone in that history), the author discusses eleven other key persons who have made their own contribution to that history at various universities based on their legal expertise (in the broad senseHe concludes the essay with a brief discussion of the relevance of law and legal science for the future of public administration (the field) and Public Administration (the discipline).
Perception, knowledge, and attitude of medical doctors in Saudi Arabia about the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alyahya Danah , Kashoo Faizan Z. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThere is compelling scientific evidence about the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation. However, patients with vestibular-associated dizziness and balance disturbances are seldom referred to physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to achieve insight into perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and referral practices among Saudi Arabian medical doctors relating to the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation.MethodsA sample of 381 medical doctors practicing in Saudi Arabia participated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. The sample was obtained from 226 hospitals across 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia by stratified sampling method. The 23-item questionnaire developed by a team of experts was emailed to medical doctors practicing in various hospitals across Saudi Arabia.ResultsOut of 1,231 medical doctors invited, 381 medical doctors responded, giving a response rate of 30.9%. One hundred ninety-three (50.6%) medical doctors reported managing patients with vestibular rehabilitation. The most preferred specialist for managing patients with vestibular disorders was an Ear Nose Throat (ENT) specialist (n = 173, 89.6%). Related Sample Cochran’s Q test showed statistically significant difference between preferred specialist for managing patients with vestibular disorders (ENT specialists, physiotherapists, nurses, occupational therapists and audiologists) (χ2(4) = 482.476,p = 0.001). Out of 193 medical doctors, 153 (79.2%) reported no role of the physiotherapist in vestibular rehabilitation. One hundred forty-five (75.1%) of medical doctors reported that they were not aware of the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation. Only 27 (15.5%) medical doctors reported referring patients with vestibular disorders to physiotherapists.ConclusionThe study reports that physiotherapy services are underutilized in vestibular rehabilitation due to limited referral from Saudi Arabian medical doctors. Therefore, there is a need to increase the awareness among Saudi Arabian doctors about the physiotherapist’s role in vestibular rehabilitation.
Evaluation of Zinc Status and Socio-Economic Profile of Pregnant Women in Osogbo Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Olamide OLAYIWOLA Kehinde , Aderonke AYODELE Ifeoluwa , Oluwapolola OLANIYAN Adebola , Abolape IYANDA Ayobola 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Zinc status during gestation affects both maternal and fetal health. The study was designed to investigate maternal zinc status and relate it with dietary zinc and socioeconomic levels in first, second and third trimester pregnant women.
Methods/Patients: Forty-five [15 for each trimester] pregnant women and thirty non-pregnant women that served as control were recruited for the study. Serum zinc concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. From structured questionnaire, information was obtained on age, dietary zinc content, and socioeconomic status [education, occupation]. Zinc status was summarized as mean ± standard deviation. Data were analyzed using Student t- test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Only first but not second and third trimester pregnant women featured significantly lower zinc levels compared with control. Non-significant difference in zinc levels were observed when the three trimesters were compared. Of the women in first trimester which featured significantly lower serum zinc level compared with control, all were of high educational status although only < 50% were of high occupational status yet over 70% belong to high dietary zinc sub-group.
Conclusion: Data obtained from the study revealed that depleted serum zinc level was observed in the first trimester and educational status rather than socioeconomic status played a role in choice of zinc- rich containing food.
Prevalence of Osteomyelitis in Jaws among the Patients Visiting Private Dental Hospital: An Institutional Study
Authors: Akshayaa L. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone that involves the medullary cavity and periosteum. The prevalence rate of this disease was found predominantly among the males than females with an incidence of 30-39 years. This condition involves one or more facial bones in the head and neck, mainly mandible, frontal bone, cervical spine, maxilla and nasal bones. Various types of osteomyelitis are acute, primary chronic suppurative and secondary chronic and fungal osteomyelitis.
Aim: To assess the prevalence rate of osteomyelitis in jaws among the patients visiting private dental hospitals in chennai.
Materials and Methods: This present study was carried out in a private dental hospital under a university setting, in Chennai. Sample size for the present study includes the patients who were diagnosed with osteomyelitis from Jun 2019 to Feb 2021 which was collected using the Dental hospital management system. Sample size of the study was found to be n= 5 cases of osteomyelitis in jaws among 5,35,951 patients. The data collected was verified and tabulated in excel and statistically analysed using SPSS software. Chi square test was done to compare the groups (p<0.05) which shows the significance and the results were interpreted.
Results : Among the total patients, 40 % of them were males and 60 % of them were females. It was observed that 60 % of the subjects had acute osteomyelitis, 20 % with chronic suppurative and fungus associated osteomyelitis and found to be more prevalent among the individuals who were aged between 41-50 years. Majority of the females, 40% were highly affected with acute osteomyelitis than males, 20% of them were affected. However, p value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant, here the chi square test p value = 0.329, as (p > 0.05 ) it is insignificant.
Conclusion: The prevalence of osteomyelitis has recently decreased in developing countries, as attributed to the improvement in the oral and dental care with standard antibiotic treatment. From the results of our study it is evident that out of 5 cases of osteomyelitis in jaws, the majority of patients 60% were diagnosed with acute osteomyelitis. This shows that there is a reliable prevalence of osteomyelitis in jaws among the patients who are visiting private dental hospitals.
Analysis of Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Afar and Somalia Regions, Ethiopia
Authors: Regesa Belema Hailu , Senbeto Temesgen , Gobebo Gizachew , Lemesa Reta , Makarla Ravi Kanth , Tadesse Getachew , Lulu Kebede , Bechera Terefa , Daraje Sagni , Galdassa Agassa , Bedane Ketema , Siffir Alemayehu , Olani Jiregna , Teferi Girma , Mossisa Maru , Chimdi Emebet , Degaga Gosa Tesfaye , Woldeyohannes Birhanu , Kefale Bizunesh , Hemba Geribe 
Published: March 2022

Background: Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries with highest newborn deaths. Afar and Somalia regions in Ethiopia are among the regions with high death rates of newborn children. This study aimed to analyse and identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia.
Methods: This study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data for the analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the significant determinants of neonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between neonatal mortality and determinants.
Results: A total of 2567 newborn children were included in this study. Mortality rate among newborns in the first month was 41 per 1000 live births in Afar and Somalia regions. Health facility delivery (AOR: 0.634; 95% CI: 0.409–0.982), being female (AOR: 0.206; 95% CI: 0.073–0.528), multiple births (AOR: 3.958; 95% CI: 2.293–11.208), small size at birth (AOR: 1.208; 95% CI: 1.003–1.728), secondary and above educational level of mothers (AOR: 0.484; 95% CI: 0.294–0.797) were statistically significant determinants neonatal mortality.
Conclusions: In this study, sex of child, place of delivery, birth type, size at birth, mother’s educational level were found to be statistically significant determinants of neonatal death in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia. Mothers with no education should be given health education and institutional delivery should be encouraged to improve the survival of the neonates in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia.
DNA damage response inhibition‐based combination therapies in cancer treatment: Recent advances and future directions
Authors: Chen Tianen , Tongpeng Suparat , Lu Ziyi , Topatana Win , Juengpanich Sarun , Li Shijie , Hu Jiahao , Cao Jiasheng , Lee Cheeshin , Tian Yitong , Chen Mingyu , Cai Xiujun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDNA molecules are subject to various lesions that can be detrimental to the cells. DNA damage response (DDR) pathways encompass a variety of mechanisms that cells employ in response to DNA damage. While DDR promotes genomic stability in normal cells, it also protects cancer cells from DNA lesions, particularly against exogenous DNA‐damaging agents. Therefore, DDR pathways can be exploited to account for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and have the potential to be targeted in cancer treatment. Apart from the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors used in BRCA‐mutant cancers, other DDR inhibitors are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Based on the synthetic lethality theory, combination therapies utilizing DDR inhibitors have been explored and are currently undergoing clinical trials, with promising results in cancer treatment. Combination therapies typically employ a DDR inhibitor to sensitize cancer cells to traditional chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and even PARP inhibitors. Herein, we focus on recent advances in DDR inhibitor‐based combination therapies other than PARP inhibitors, explore the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives.
The Role of Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: McManus Róisín M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the increase in the aging population, age‐related conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease will become ever more prevalent in society. As there is no cure for dementia and extremely limited therapeutic options, researchers are examining the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of cognitive decline in hopes of developing better therapies and even an effective, long‐lasting treatment for this devastating condition. This review will provide an updated perspective on the role of immunity in triggering the changes that lead to the development of dementia. It will detail the latest findings on Aβ‐ and tau‐induced microglial activation, including the role of the inflammasome. The contribution of the adaptive immune system, specifically T cells, will be discussed. Finally, whether the innate and adaptive immune system can be modulated to protect against dementia will be examined, along with an assessment of the prospective candidates for these that are currently in clinical trials.
Influences of Native Oxide on the Properties of Ultrathin Al2O3‐Interfaced Si/GaAs Heterojunctions
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Zheng Yixiong , Lai Junyu , Swinnich Edward , Licata Olivia Grace , Baboli Mohadeseh A. , Mazumder Baishakhi , Mohseni Parsian K. , Seo Jung‐Hun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structure property of non‐ideal Si/GaAs heterostructures that are integrated with the ultra‐thin oxide (UO) tunneling interfacial layer is systematically investigated. Si nanomembranes (NMs) are oxidized in different time periods prior to the hetero‐integration process to create the non‐ideal single‐side passivated Si/GaAs heterostructure. The atomic‐level oxygen distribution and the degree of oxygen content in Si NM and GaAs are carefully investigated using atom probe tomography (APT) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to trace changes in the chemical composition and reactional mechanism across the UO interface when the surface of Si NM is exposed to air for different periods of time. The negatively induced charges at the UO layer cause oxygen diffusion to the GaAs layer and form the unwanted GaAs oxide layer. This native oxide stack noticeably degrades the thermal properties of the Si/GaAs heterostructure as Si NMs become more oxidized. This study reveals that the poor surface passivation on one side of the heterointerface leads to a both‐side oxidation, thus severely deteriorating the transport properties across the heterojunction formed with the UO layer.
Biomorphic CdS/Cd Photocatalyst Derived from Butterfly Wing for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhong Guihao , Liu Dingxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen has attracted growing concerns as a promising strategy for the development of clean and renewable energy sources. Fabricating novel photocatalysts with high H2 evolution rate and good cyclic stability is extremely vital for practical applications. Herein, a novel CdS/Cd2SO4(OH)2 composite derived from cadmium nitrate doped Cd‐MOF is deposited on the surface of butterfly wings with reticular hierarchical structure for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. The combination of unique hierarchical structure and MOF‐derived CdS nanoparticles endows them with strong light absorbability, small band gap, and superior photogenerated charges separation efficiency, leading to excellent photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, in‐depth measurements reveal the reduction of Cd2SO4(OH)2 to Cd on the surface of CdS particle during the photocatalytic process. The obtained Cd metal can act as the electron trap to improve the charge separation efficiency and further promote the hydrogen production performance. As a result, the MOF‐derived CdS/Cd2SO4(OH)2 and final CdS/Cd systems with reticular hierarchical structure exhibit significantly enhanced hydrogen production performance compared with CdS/Cd2SO4(OH)2 powder and MOF‐derived CdS nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. It is expected that this synthetic approach can be used to fabricate other composite photocatalyst materials with reticular hierarchical structure for efficient water splitting to hydrogen.