bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal intake of folate and folic acid during pregnancy and markers of male fecundity: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Gaml‐Sørensen Anne , Brix Nis , Høyer Birgit Bjerre , Tøttenborg Sandra Søgaard , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Clemmensen Pernille Jul , Ernst Andreas , Arendt Linn Håkonsen , Olsen Sjurdur Frodi , Granström Charlotta , Henriksen Tine Brink , Toft Gunnar , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor male fecundity is of concern, and a prenatal origin has been proposed. Folate, a methyl donor involved in DNA methylation, is essential for normal fetal development by regulating gene expression during different periods of fetal development. Thus, prenatal exposure to low maternal folate intake might have a programing function of the developing reproductive organs.ObjectivesTo examine the association between maternal intake of folate from diet and folic acid from supplements during pregnancy and markers of fecundity in young men.Materials and methodsWe conducted a follow‐up study using a Danish mother–son cohort of 787 young men born 1998–2000. Percentage differences in semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels were analyzed according to total folate calculated as dietary folate equivalents from diet and supplements in midpregnancy, using multivariable negative binomial regression models. Total folate was analyzed in quintiles, continuous per standard deviation decrease (SD: 318 μg/day) and as restricted cubic splines.ResultsLow maternal intake of total folate was associated with lower total sperm count (−5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: −11%; 2%)), a lower proportion of non‐progressive and immotile spermatozoa (−5% [95% CI: −8%; −3%]), and lower testes volume (−4% [95% CI: −6%; −2%]) per SD decrease in total folate intake. Spline plots supported these findings.DiscussionThe finding of a lower proportion of non‐progressive and immotile spermatozoa, and hence a higher proportion of motile spermatozoa, in men of mothers with a lower intake of total folate in midpregnancy was surprising and may be a chance finding.ConclusionLower maternal intake of total folate in midpregnancy was associated with lower sperm count and lower testes volume, however, also with a lower proportion of non‐progressive and immotile spermatozoa in adult men. Whether this actually affects the ability to obtain a pregnancy warrants further investigation.
Long‐term real‐world outcomes of patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia treated with arsenic trioxide and all‐trans retinoic acid without chemotherapy—a retrospective, single‐centre study
Authors: Singh Charanpreet , Yanamandra Uday , Karunakaran Parathan , Jindal Nishant , Kumar Saloni Rani , Saini Neha , Jandial Aditya , Jain Arihant , Das Chandan , Lad Deepesh , Prakash Gaurav , Khadwal Alka , Naseem Shano , Das Reena , Varma Neelam , Varma Subhash , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

SummaryArsenic trioxide (ATO) and all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) form the backbone of the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), with the addition of chemotherapy for high‐risk patients. We describe our experience of treating patients with APL of all risk classes with ATO and ATRA without chemotherapeutic agents. Patients received induction with ATO and ATRA followed by three cycles of consolidation with ATO and ATRA (each 1 month apart) after achieving morphological remission. Patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk disease received a further 2 years of maintenance with ATRA, 6‐mercaptopurine and methotrexate. A total of 206 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients were intermediate risk (51.9%), followed by high risk (43.2%). Differentiation syndrome was seen in 41 patients (19.9%). Overall, 25 patients (12.1%) died within 7 days of initiating therapy. Seven patients relapsed during follow‐up. The mean (SD) estimated 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort was 79% [5.8%] and 80% [5.8%] respectively. After excluding patients who died within 7 days of therapy initiation, the mean (SD) estimated 5‐year EFS and OS was 90% [5.8%] and 93% [3.9%] respectively. Our study shows that treatment of all risk classes of APL with ATO and ATRA without chemotherapy is associated with excellent long‐term outcomes in the real‐world setting.
Genetic and phenotypic determinants of morphologies in 3D cultures and xenografts of lung tumor cell lines
Authors: Matsubara Daisuke , Yoshimoto Taichiro , Akolekar Ninad , Totsuka Takashi , Amano Yusuke , Kihara Atsushi , Miura Tamaki , Isagawa Yuriko , Sakuma Yuji , Ishikawa Shumpei , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fukayama Masashi , Niki Toshiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe previously proposed the classification of lung adenocarcinoma into two groups: the bronchial epithelial phenotype (BE phenotype) with high‐level expressions of bronchial epithelial markers and actionable genetic abnormalities of tyrosine kinase receptors and the non‐BE phenotype with low‐level expressions of bronchial Bronchial epithelial (BE) epithelial markers and no actionable genetic abnormalities of tyrosine kinase receptors. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of tumor morphologies in 3D cultures and xenografts across a panel of lung cancer cell lines. First, we demonstrated that 40 lung cancer cell lines (23 BE and 17 non‐BE) can be classified into three groups based on morphologies in 3D cultures on Matrigel: round (n = 31), stellate (n = 5), and grape‐like (n = 4). The latter two morphologies were significantly frequent in the non‐BE phenotype (1/23 BE, 8/17 non‐BE, p = 0.0014), and the stellate morphology was only found in the non‐BE phenotype. SMARCA4 mutations were significantly frequent in stellate‐shaped cells (4/4 stellate, 4/34 non‐stellate, p = 0.0001). Next, from the 40 cell lines, we successfully established 28 xenograft tumors (18 BE and 10 non‐BE) in NOD/SCID mice and classified histological patterns of the xenograft tumors into three groups: solid (n = 20), small nests in desmoplasia (n = 4), and acinar/papillary (n = 4). The latter two patterns were characteristically found in the BE phenotype. The non‐BE phenotype exhibited a solid pattern with significantly less content of alpha‐SMA‐positive fibroblasts (p = 0.0004) and collagen (p = 0.0006) than the BE phenotype. Thus, the morphology of the tumors in 3D cultures and xenografts, including stroma genesis, reflects the intrinsic properties of the cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this study serves as an excellent resource for lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, with clinically relevant information on molecular and morphological characteristics and drug sensitivity.
Analyzing CT images for detecting lung cancer by applying the computational intelligence‐based optimization techniques
Authors: Pethuraj Mohamed Shakeel , Aboobaider Burhanuddin bin Mohd , Salahuddin Lizawati Binti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the most critical disease because it affects both men and women. Most of the time, lung cancer leads to death due to less health care and medical attention. In addition, lung cancer is difficult to identify in earlier stages due to the low‐level symptoms and risk factors. To overcome the complexity, effective techniques must predict lung cancer earlier. To attain the problem statement, an lung cancer identification system is developed with the help of a meta‐heuristic algorithm. The CT imageries obtained from the CIA database are analyzed step by step. The gathered image noise is removed by applying the mean filter, and the affected regions are segmented with the help of the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm‐based K‐Means Clustering (BOAKMC) algorithm. Afterward, various statistical features are derived, and the Supervised Jaya Optimized Rough Set related Feature Selection (SJORSFS) process is used to select the lung features. Finally, the lung cancer is identified using Autoencoder based Recurrent Neural Network (ARNN) classification algorithm, successfully recognizing the lung cancer features. Then the system's efficiency is evaluated using a MATLAB setup; here, 3000 are treated as training images and 2043 for testing images. The effective training enhances overall lung cancer prediction accuracy by up to 99.15%.
Effectiveness of digital and remote provision of the Healthier You: NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Barron Emma , Bradley Dominque , Safazadeh Soraya , McGough Ben , Bakhai Chirag , Young Bob , Khunti Kamlesh , Murray Elizabeth , Wareham Nick , Jebb Susan , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess weight change in the Healthier You: NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) delivered via video conferencing (remote) sessions or delivered via specific digital interventions through apps or websites, during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to group‐based face‐to‐face interventions, pre‐pandemic.MethodsProspectively collected national service‐level data relating to individuals with non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia (HbA1c 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0%–6.4%) or fasting plasma glucose 5.5–6.9 mmol/L) referred to the NHS DPP from June 2016 to March 2022.ResultsBetween March 2020 and March 2022, 335,961 people were referred to the programme and were offered a choice of remote or digital intervention. This was preceded by 556,793 people referred to the face‐to‐face programme between June 2016 and February 2022. Uptakes to intervention sessions were 47% for those offered a choice and 39% for face‐to‐face. Remote and digital participants were significantly younger (60 and 56 vs. 65 years) and heavier (86.1 kg and 91.0 kg vs. 84.1 kg) compared to face‐to‐face. Weight change was assessed for 42,407 remote, 7699 digital and 97,205 face‐to‐face participants with sufficient time to have finished the programme and no missing data. Mean weight losses for participants attending at least one intervention session were: 2.40 (2.36–2.44) kg, 2.59 (2.49–2.68) kg and 2.01 (1.98–2.04) kg for remote, digital and face‐to‐face participants respectively. Corresponding mean weight losses for those who completed the programme were: 3.24 (3.19–3.30) kg, 4.76 (4.60–4.92) kg and 3.04 (3.00–3.07) kg. There were no significant differences in weight change between interventions by ethnicity and deprivation.ConclusionsWeight losses achieved through remote and digital interventions were greater than those previously achieved through face‐to‐face interventions, without evidence of exacerbation of health inequalities.
Everyday governance in areas of contested power: Insights from Mozambique, Myanmar, and Pakistan
Authors: Anderson Colin , Joshi Anuradha , Barnes Katrina , Ahmed Affaf , Ali Muddabir , Chaimite Egidio , Forquilha Salvador , Khan Danyal , Khan Rizwan , Loureiro Miguel ,   Myanmar Research Team, Posse Lucio , Rowlands Jo , Shankland Alex 
Published: December 2022

SummaryMotivationHow do poor and marginalized people solve problems and claim rights and entitlements in places affected by conflict and where state authority is contested? Understanding such processes is important as the numbers of poor people living in difficult settings grows, yet existing research on governance in conflict largely misses a “citizen's eye” view of these processes.PurposeThe article focuses on “everyday governance” from a citizen's perspective. What do engagements with the multiple state and non‐state actors that prevail in such settings look like? We present insights from longitudinal research in conflict‐affected areas in Mozambique, Myanmar and Pakistan.Methods and approachResearch was undertaken in two phases over the period 2017–2021. Researchers developed an innovative method, “governance diaries,” in which we interviewed the same set of poor and marginalized households over a period of a year, capturing an unfolding citizen's eye view of governance. We subsequently used the same method to include key intermediaries to whom households went with problems.FindingsWe find that in most instances poor and marginalized households did not rely on the state or other formal or external authorities to resolve problems. Mostly, they simply “lived with” those problems, or resolved them through “self‐provision”—mutual aid and community action. When they did go to authorities, they used “governance intermediaries”—actors that connect people with authorities or mediate between households. These intermediaries played a central role in local governance, using their networks and deploying a range of strategies with a focus on local resolution of problems.Policy implicationsThese findings challenge some core assumptions of contemporary development practice. First, development programmes tend to focus on improving state‐run services, rather than engaging with the diversity of how public goods are governed on the ground. Second, policies assume that people can go directly to authorities with their problems, and do not take into account the role that intermediaries play. Finally, the highly diverse networks of governance actors that matter to specific places challenges the common focus on formal systems rather than informal practices.
Selection for high growth displaces costs of digestion from SDA to SMR in divergent ecotypes of rainbow trout
Authors: Monnet Gauthier , Rosenfeld Jordan S. , Richards Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo understand the drivers of variation in digestive performance and their effects on growth, we examined relationships among food consumption, digestive metabolism, food processing efficiency, and growth rate in juveniles of fast‐growing piscivore versus slow‐growing insectivore ecotypes of rainbow trout reared at satiation rations on the same diet (i.e., commercial food pellets). Relative to slow‐growing insectivores with lower basal metabolism, and despite a much larger maximum food ration, faster‐growing piscivores presented an unexpected pattern of higher digestive efficiency through a reduction in the absolute costs of postprandial metabolism coupled with shorter or similar gut residence time and higher assimilation efficiency. These results suggest that the increase in digestive metabolism following the ingestion of larger meals can be mitigated by displacing the costs of digestion from SDA to SMR. Reducing total digestion costs (SDA + SMR) while maintaining higher assimilation efficiency may be possible through potential adaptations including (1) increased intestinal absorption capacity; (2) economies of scale that shorten gut transit time with increasing ration level; or (3) a permanently larger digestive tract that increases maintenance costs but reduces the need for cyclic upregulation and associated overhead costs.
Long‐term outcomes of aplastic anemia with cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis
Authors: Li Jianping , Liu Xu , Zhao Xin , Yang Wenrui , Zhang Li , Jing Liping , Zhou Kang , Ye Lei , Li Yuan , Li Yang , Peng Guangxin , Song Lin , Fan Huihui , Hu Xiangrong , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Fengkui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo elucidate the clinical characteristics of AA patients with cytogenetic abnormalities.MethodsWe retrospectively screened 30 patients (30/1206, 2.5%) with cytogenetic abnormalities from 1206 patients with severe and very severe AA who received immunosuppressive therapy (IST) during the years 2012–2019.ResultsThe most common abnormalities were trisomy 8 (+8, 10/30, 33.3%) and loss of Y (−Y, 8/30, 26.7%). The abnormal clones disappeared 6 months after IST in 14 patients and sustained in 12 patients. Patients with sustained abnormal clones had a lower hematologic response at 6 months after IST than the disappeared (33.3% vs. 64.3%, p = .116). The hematologic response after IST, 5‐year overall survival, 5‐year event‐free survival, myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia transformation in AA patients with cytogenetic abnormalities were not statistically different from those in normal cytogenetic patients.ConclusionFor AA patients with chromosome abnormalities but ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplant, IST is effective and appropriate as first‐line treatment.
Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe
Authors: Nendel Claas , Reckling Moritz , Debaeke Philippe , Schulz Susanne , Berg‐Mohnicke Michael , Constantin Julie , Fronzek Stefan , Hoffmann Munir , Jakšić Snežana , Kersebaum Kurt‐Christian , Klimek‐Kopyra Agnieszka , Raynal Hélène , Schoving Céline , Stella Tommaso , Battisti Rafael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick to declare self‐sufficiency targets for plant‐based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures have painted an image of a bright future for soybean production in Europe, but emerging climatic risks such as drought have so far not been included in any of those outlooks. Here, we present simulations of future soybean production and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using an ensemble of climate and soybean growth models. Projections suggest a substantial increase in potential soybean production area and productivity in Central Europe, while southern European production would become increasingly dependent on supplementary irrigation. Average productivity would rise by 8.3% (RCP 4.5) to 8.7% (RCP 8.5) as a result of improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting from rising temperature and CO2 levels) and farmers adapting to them by using cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable production area would rise by 31.4% (RCP 4.5) to 37.7% (RCP 8.5) by the mid‐century, contributing considerably more than productivity increase to the production potential for closing the protein gap in Europe. While wet conditions at harvest and incidental cold spells are the current key challenges for extending soybean production, the models and climate data analysis anticipate that drought and heat will become the dominant limitations in the future. Breeding for heat‐tolerant and water‐efficient genotypes is needed to further improve soybean adaptation to changing climatic conditions.
The effect of masks on the visual preference for faces in the first year of life
Authors: Galusca Cristina Ioana , Clerc Olivier , Chevallier Marie , Bertrand Caroline , Audeou Frederique , Pascalis Olivier , Fort Mathilde 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo prevent the spread of COVID‐19, face masks were mandatory in many public spaces around the world. Since faces are the gateway to early social cognition, this raised major concerns about the effect face masks may have on infants' attention to faces as well as on their language and social development. The goal of the present study was to assess how face masks modulate infants' attention to faces over the course of the first year of life. We measured 3, 6, 9, and 12‐month‐olds’ looking behavior using a paired visual preference paradigm under two experimental conditions. First, we tested infants' preference for upright masked or unmasked faces of the same female individual. We found that regardless of age, infants looked equally long at the masked and unmasked faces. Second, we compared infants' attention to an upright masked versus an inverted masked face. Three‐ and 6‐month‐olds looked equally long to the masked faces when they were upright or inverted. However, 9‐ and 12‐month‐old infants showed a novelty preference for the inverted masked face. Our findings suggest that more experience with faces, including masked faces, leads to efficient adaptations of infants' visual system for processing impoverished social stimuli, such as partially occluded faces.
Impact of negative pressure wound treatment on incidence of surgical site infection in varied orthopedic surgeries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Song , Zhang Tingjiu , Zhang Dong , He Qin , Du Meiting , Zeng Fanwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a popular treatment to heal infected wounds. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine if NPWT was more effective than conventional wound dressings for surgical site infections (SSI) in varied orthopaedic surgeries. Literature was retrieved from seven electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and CNKI). Randomised control trials (RCT) and retrospective cohort studies (RS) involving arthroplasty, fracture, and spinal surgery were extracted. SSI was our primary outcome, while total complications and length of hospital stay were secondary outcomes. We carried out the risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and Stata 17.0. Among the 798 studies retrieved, 18 of them met our inclusion criteria. We identified 13 RCTs and 5 RSs. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the incidence of SSI in the NPWT group was significantly lower relative to the control group (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.77, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incidences of SSI involving arthroplasty, fracture, and spinal surgery in the NPWT group accounted for 46%, 69%, and 37% relative to the control group, respectively. The incidence of SSI in RS (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.56) was significantly lower than that in RCT (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.90) (P = 0.02). Moreover, patients in the NPWT group had a lower total complication rate (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.76) and shorter hospital stays (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI −0.83 to −0.02), although high heterogeneity existed. NPWT may be an efficient alternative to help prevent the incidence of SSI and total complications as well as achieved shorten hospital stay in varied orthopaedic surgeries. The rational use of NPWT should be based on the presence of patients' clinical conditions and relevant risk factors.