bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasinormal oscillations and late-time tail of massless scalar perturbations of a magnetized black hole in Rastall gravity*
Authors: Shao Cai-Ying , Tan Yu-Jie , Shao Cheng-Gang , Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the quasinormal mode and late-time tail of charged massless scalar perturbations of a black hole in generalized Rastall gravity. The black hole metric in question is spherically symmetric, accompanied by a power-Maxwell field surrounded by a quintessence fluid. We show that the massless scalar field, when dressed up with the magnetic field, acquires an effective mass, which significantly affects the properties of the resultant quasinormal oscillations and late-time tails. Specifically, the quasinormal frequencies become distorted and might even be unstable for particular spacetime configurations. Additionally, the exponent of the usual power-law tail is modified according to the modification in the structure of the branch cut of the retarded Green's function. In particular, as the effective mass is generated dynamically owing to the presence of the magnetic field, we may consider a process through which the field is gradually removed from the spacetime configuration. In this context, while the quasinormal oscillations converge to the case of massless perturbations, we argue that the properties of resultant late-time tails do not fall back to their massless counterpart. The relevant characteristics are investigated using numerical and analytic approaches.
Effects of Binaries on Open Cluster Age Determination in Bayesian Inference
Authors: Li Zhong-Mu , Zhang Su , Chen Jing , Zhao Wen-Chang , You Wu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effects of binaries on the cluster age determination for 561 open clusters in the Galactic disk via the Bayesian statistical framework. Stellar properties of these star clusters, including age, metallicity, distance modulus, color excess, binary fraction, and rotating star fraction, are derived from color–magnitude-diagrams (CMDs) via isochrone fitting to high-precision Gaia EDR3 data. Across the simple stellar population of binary and single-star, age differences can be found with the same star cluster. A Bayesian applied regression modeling software, Stan, is employed to explore how much binaries affect the age determination of open clusters. Our results present less statistically significant difference between the binary-star simple populations (bsSSPs) and the single-star simple populations (ssSSPs) for cluster age determination. For all clusters in our sample, the ages estimated using the bsSSPs models are younger than those estimated using the ssSSPs, with a mean value of ∼70 Myr. However, it is found that for 52.5% clusters in our sample, ages are relatively sensitive to the presence of binaries, at least ∼25% younger. This suggests that in studies of open cluster age determinations, the effects of binary interactions on the whole sample are not prominent, but its effects on some clusters should still be included as an essential ingredient.
Design and testing results of a long flexible printed circuit for the ATLAS high granularity timing detector
Authors: Robles Manzano M. , Bernhard P. , Brogna A. , Greiner F. , Kurt A. , Masetti L. , Pham B. , Plattner P. , Schoenfelder S. , Theobald P. , Weitzel Q. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The high granularity timing detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. The silicon detectors along with the electronics are installed in two double-sided disks per end-cap and consist of basic units (called modules) connected to the peripheral electronics by flexible printed circuit cables. The complexity of the system impacts on the requirements of having high number of interconnections for the power delivery network, the data-links for the high-speed readout as well as the inputs for the system control. This and other constraints on the topology, the reduced space between disks and mechanical robustness led to the development of a flexible printed circuit cable. We present the design and test of a two-layer flexible cable of a maximum connection distance for the module.
Hermes — a robust, low latency, optical link protocol for synchronous data transfer at commercial asynchronous line rates
Authors: Adamidis K. , Bestintzanos I. , Foudas C. , Howard A. , Iles G.M. , Mallios S. , Williams T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The CMS Level-1 Trigger at HL-LHC and associated upstream systems employ more than 10000 25 Gb/s optical links, transferring almost a Pb/s of data synchronously between the different back-end processing nodes. Stable operation of these links is essential to avoid the injection of erroneous signals into the trigger path, potentially leading to a flood of false triggers or data loss. The Hermes protocol, implemented on Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs, provides this stability while operating at asynchronous, industry standard line rates. The protocol design as well as results on the performance from extensive testing are presented here.
Feasibility study of heavy ion beam probe in CFQS quasi-axisymmetric stellarator
Authors: Shimizu A. , Isobe M. , Okamura S. , Kinoshita S. , Ogawa K. , Takahashi H. , Oishi T. , Yoshimura Y. , Murase T. , Nakagawa S. , Tanoue H. , Takubo H. , Osakabe M. , Hayashi H. , Kobayashi S. , Liu H.F. , Xu Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The world’s first quasi-axisymmetric stellarator, CFQS, is now under construction. The CFQS will be dedicated to studies on the interaction between flow and turbulence, and confinement improvement by suppression of turbulence in connection with proof-of-principle experiment of quasi-axisymmetry. In order to conduct this experimental research, a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) system is planned to be installed and utilized to measure the radial electric field and its fluctuation in a CFQS plasma. In this paper, an orbit calculation for a probe beam is performed to verify feasibility of the HIBP in the CFQS. The required beam energy, possible ion species, and the observable region in a CFQS plasma are investigated. The beam attenuation by a CFQS plasma is also estimated for different beam ion species. If we use 133Cs+ as a primary probe beam, the required beam energy is expected to be 30∼50 keV, which is relatively easy to handle. In this case the beam attenuation, evaluated by the ratio between the injected and detected beam currents, is 10−3∼10−2 in a CFQS plasma with a line-averaged electron density of <1.0 × 1019 m−3. For a higher density plasma, usage of 85Rb+ is better in terms of low-beam-attenuation, and a high signal-to-noise ratio. The HIBP in the CFQS will provide a great opportunity to study physics experimentally, related to the radial electric field, poloidal flow, and turbulence suppression.
Data-driven detector signal characterization with constrained bottleneck autoencoders
Authors: Jesús-Valls C. , Lux T. , Sánchez F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A common technique in high energy physics is to characterize
the response of a detector by means of models tuned to data which
build parametric maps from the physical parameters of the system to
the expected signal of the detector. When the underlying model is
unknown it is difficult to apply this method, and often, simplifying
assumptions are made introducing modeling errors. In this article,
using a waveform toy model we present how deep learning in the form
of constrained bottleneck autoencoders can be used to learn the
underlying unknown detector response model directly from data. The
results show that excellent performance results can be achieved even
when the signals are significantly affected by random noise. The
trained algorithm can be used simultaneously to perform estimations
on the physical parameters of the model, simulate the detector
response with high fidelity and to denoise detector signals.
SurferBot: a wave-propelled aquatic vibrobot
Authors: Rhee Eugene , Hunt Robert , Thomson Stuart J , Harris Daniel M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nature has evolved a vast array of strategies for propulsion at the air-fluid interface. Inspired by a survival mechanism initiated by the honeybee (Apis mellifera) trapped on the surface of water, we here present the SurferBot: a centimeter-scale vibrating robotic device that self-propels on a fluid surface using analogous hydrodynamic mechanisms as the stricken honeybee. This low-cost and easily assembled device is capable of rectilinear motion thanks to forces arising from a wave-generated, unbalanced momentum flux, achieving speeds on the order of centimeters per second. Owing to the dimensions of the SurferBot and amplitude of the capillary wave field, we find that the magnitude of the propulsive force is similar to that of the honeybee. In addition to a detailed description of the fluid mechanics underpinning the SurferBot propulsion, other modes of SurferBot locomotion are discussed. More broadly, we propose that the SurferBot can be used to explore fundamental aspects of active and driven particles at fluid interfaces, as well as in robotics and fluid mechanics pedagogy.
A tunable gelatin-hyaluronan dialdehyde/methacryloyl gelatin interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel for additive tissue manufacturing
Authors: Anand Resmi , Salar Amoli Mehdi , Huysecom An-Sofie , Amorim Paulo Alexandre , Agten Hannah , Geris Liesbet , Bloemen Veerle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) is a versatile material for bioprinting because of its tunable physical properties and inherent bioactivity. Bioprinting of GelMA is often met with challenges such as lower viscosity of GelMA inks due to higher methacryloyl substitution and longer physical gelation time at room temperature. In this study, a tunable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel was prepared from gelatin-hyaluronan dialdehyde (Gel-HDA) Schiff’s polymer, and 100% methacrylamide substituted GelMA for biofabrication through extrusion based bioprinting. Temperature sweep rheology measurements show a higher sol-gel transition temperature for IPN (30 °C) compared to gold standard GelMA (27 °C). Furthermore, to determine the tunability of the IPN hydrogel, several IPN samples were prepared by combining different ratios of Gel-HDA and GelMA achieving a compressive modulus ranging from 20.6 ± 2.48 KPa to 116.7 ± 14.80 KPa. Our results showed that the mechanical properties and printability at room temperature could be tuned by adjusting the ratios of GelMA and Gel-HDA. To evaluate cell response to the material, MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells were embedded in hydrogels and 3D-printed, demonstrating excellent cell viability and proliferation after 10 d of 3D in vitro culture, making the IPN an interesting bioink for the fabrication of 3D constructs for tissue engineering applications.
Reduction and reconstruction of multisymplectic Lie systems
Authors: de Lucas Javier , Gràcia Xavier , Rivas Xavier , Román-Roy Narciso , Vilariño Silvia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A Lie system is a non-autonomous system of first-order ordinary differential equations describing the integral curves of a non-autonomous vector field taking values in a finite-dimensional real Lie algebra of vector fields, a so-called Vessiot–Guldberg Lie algebra. In this work, multisymplectic forms are applied to the study of the reduction of Lie systems through their Lie symmetries. By using a momentum map, we perform a reduction and reconstruction procedure of multisymplectic Lie systems, which allows us to solve the original problem by analysing several simpler multisymplectic Lie systems. Conversely, we study how reduced multisymplectic Lie systems allow us to retrieve the form of the multisymplectic Lie system that gave rise to them. Our results are illustrated with examples from physics, mathematics, and control theory.
Co-axial printing of convoluted proximal tubule for kidney disease modeling
Authors: van Genderen A M , Valverde M G , Capendale P E , Kersten M V , Garví E Sendino , Schuurmans C C L , Ruelas M , Soeiro J T , Tang G , Janssen M J , Jansen J , Mihăilă S M , Vermonden T , Zhang Y S , Masereeuw R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Despite the increasing incidence of kidney-related diseases, we are still far from understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and their progression. This lack of understanding is partly because of a poor replication of the diseases in vitro, limited to planar culture. Advancing towards three-dimensional models, hereby we propose coaxial printing to obtain microfibers containing a helical hollow microchannel. These recapitulate the architecture of the proximal tubule (PT), an important nephron segment often affected in kidney disorders. A stable gelatin/alginate-based ink was formulated to allow printability while maintaining structural properties. Fine-tuning of the composition, printing temperature and extrusion rate allowed for optimal ink viscosity that led to coiling of the microfiber’s inner channel. The printed microfibers exhibited prolonged structural stability (42 days) and cytocompatibility in culture. Healthy conditionally immortalized PT epithelial cells and a knockout cell model for cystinosis (CTNS
-/-) were seeded to mimic two genotypes of PT. Upon culturing for 14 days, engineered PT showed homogenous cytoskeleton organization as indicated by staining for filamentous actin, barrier-formation and polarization with apical marker α-tubulin and basolateral marker Na+/K+-ATPase. Cell viability was slightly decreased upon prolonged culturing for 14 days, which was more pronounced in CTNS
-/- microfibers. Finally, CTNS
-/- cells showed reduced apical transport activity in the microfibers compared to healthy PT epithelial cells when looking at breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4. Engineered PT incorporated in a custom-designed microfluidic chip allowed to assess leak-tightness of the epithelium, which appeared less tight in CTNS
-/- PT compared to healthy PT, in agreement with its in vivo phenotype. While we are still on the verge of patient-oriented medicine, this system holds great promise for further research in establishing advanced in vitro disease models.
Growth of highly crystalline ultrathin two-dimensional selenene
Authors: Sarma Prasad V , Nadarajan Renjith , Kumar Ritesh , Patinharayil Riya Mol , Biju Navya , Narayanan Sreevidya , Gao Guanhui , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Thalakulam Madhu , Kini Rajeev N , Singh Abhishek K , Ajayan Pulickel M , Shaijumon Manikoth M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Elemental two-dimensional (2D) crystals have recently emerged as promising materials for advanced electronics and optoelectronics applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve controllable growth of high-quality, ultra-thin flakes of elemental 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a seed-assisted chemical vapor transport growth of ultra-thin triangular flakes of highly crystalline trigonal selenium (t-Se) oriented in (0001) direction, with lateral size >30 µm. The polarization angle-resolved Raman spectra of bilayer selenene show in-plane isotropic properties, owing to the highly symmetric lattice resulting from its unique growth orientation. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental findings in establishing the structure and stability of the as-grown selenene. We studied the optical response of a photodetector fabricated using a bilayer selenene. Our growth strategy can be extended to other elemental 2D materials to realize their full potential in applications ranging from optoelectronics and electronics to energy conversion.
Exchange-split multiple Rydberg series of excitons in anisotropic quasi two-dimensional ReS2
Authors: Kapuściński P , Dzian J , Slobodeniuk A O , Rodríguez-Fernández C , Jadczak J , Bryja L , Faugeras C , Basko D M , Potemski M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We perform a polarization-resolved magnetoluminescence study of excitons in ReS2. We observe that two linearly polarized Rydberg series of excitons are accompanied by two other Rydberg series of dark excitons, brightened by an in-plane magnetic field. All series extrapolate to the same single-electron bandgap, indicating that the observed excitons originate either from the same valley or from two valleys related by the inversion symmetry, and are split by exchange interaction. To interpret our observations of the magnetic brightening, we have to assume the dominant spin–orbit coupling to be Ising-like, which hints at an approximate symmetry of the electronic states in ReS2 which is higher than the crystal symmetry C

i
.
SNAIL driven by a feed forward loop motif promotes TGFβ induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Bhavani Gottumukkala Sai , Palanisamy Anbumathi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue regeneration, embryonic development, and cancer metastasis. Several signaling pathways are known to regulate EMT, among which the modulation of TGFβ (Transforming Growth Factor-β) induced EMT is crucial in several cancer types. Several mathematical models were built to explore the role of core regulatory circuit of ZEB/miR-200, SNAIL/miR-34 double negative feedback loops in modulating TGFβ induced EMT. Different emergent behavior including tristability, irreversible switching, existence of hybrid EMT states were inferred though these models. Some studies have explored the role of TGFβ receptor activation, SMADs nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and complex formation. Recent experiments have revealed that MDM2 along with SMAD complex regulates SNAIL expression driven EMT. Encouraged by this, in the present study we developed a mathematical model for p53/MDM2 dependent TGFβ induced EMT regulation. Inclusion of p53 brings in an additional mechanistic perspective in exploring the EM transition. The network formulated comprises a C1FFL moderating SNAIL expression involving MDM2 and SMAD complex, which functions as a noise filter and persistent detector. The C1FFL was also observed to operate as a coincidence detector driving the SNAIL dependent downstream signaling into phenotypic switching decision. Systems modelling and analysis of the devised network, displayed interesting dynamic behavior, systems response to various inputs stimulus, providing a better understanding of p53/MDM2 dependent TGF-β induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition.
Elemental and proximate analysis of coal by x-ray fluorescence assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: TIAN Zhihui , LI Xiaolin , WANG Gang , ZHANG Lei , LI Jiaxuan , WANG Shuqing , BAI Yu , ZHANG Wanfei , YUE Han , MA Xiaofei , YIN Wangbao , JIA Suotang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), as a fast on-line analysis technology, has great potential and competitiveness in the analysis of chemical composition and proximate analysis results of coal in thermal power plants, the measurement repeatability of LIBS needs to be further improved due to the difficulty in controlling the stability of the generated plasmas at present. In this paper, we propose a novel x-ray fluorescence (XRF) assisted LIBS method for high repeatability analysis of coal quality, which not only inherits the ability of LIBS to directly analyze organic elements such as C and H in coal, but also uses XRF to make up for the lack of stability of LIBS in determining other inorganic ash-forming elements. With the combination of elemental lines in LIBS and XRF spectra, the principal component analysis and the partial least squares are used to establish the prediction model and perform multi-elemental and proximate analysis of coal. Quantitative analysis results show that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of C is 0.15%, the RSDs of other elements are less than 4%, and the standard deviations of calorific value, ash content, sulfur content and volatile matter are 0.11 MJ kg−1, 0.17%, 0.79% and 0.41% respectively, indicating that the method has good repeatability in determination of coal quality. This work is helpful to accelerate the development of LIBS in the field of rapid measurement of coal entering the power plant and on-line monitoring of coal entering the furnace.
An equivalent model of discharge instability in the discharge chamber of Kaufman ion thruster
Authors: TIAN Feng , XIE Kan , MIAO Long , LIANG Fuwen , SONG Jiahui , BAI Song , WANG Ningfei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The industrial application of the Kaufman ion thruster in its arc stage is limited owing to the instability of the discharge pulse. Presently, a complete prediction model that can predict the discharge pulse in the high-current stage does not exist. In this study, a complete prediction model for the pulse in the ion thruster is established using the zero-dimensional plasma discharge model and equivalent circuit model. The zero-dimensional plasma discharge model is used to obtain the corresponding plasma parameters by calculating the beam current, discharge current, voltage, and gas flow under actual working conditions. The input parameters of the equivalent circuit model are calculated using empirical formulae to acquire the estimated discharge waveforms. The pulse waveforms obtained using the model are found to be consistent with the experimental results. The model is used to evaluate the process of rapid changes in plasma density. Additionally, this model is employed to predict changes in the pulse waveforms when the volume of the discharge chamber and grid plate transmittance are changed.
Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 1016 fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01
Authors: LEE Sing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Existing conventional megajoule plasma focus machines with 2–3 MA are producing fusion neutron yields of several times 1011 in deuterium operation, the fusion yields predominantly being the beam-gas target. Increasing the current to 10 MA and using 50%–50% D-T mixture will scale the neutron yield towards 1016 D-T fusion neutrons. In this work, we derive the Lawson criterion for plasma focus devices with a beam-target fusion neutron mechanism, so that we may glimpse what future technological advancements are needed for a break-even Q = 1 plasma focus. We perform numerical experiments with a present-day feasible 0.9 MV, 8.1 MJ, 11 MA machine operating in 100 Torr in 50%–50% D-T mixture. The Lee Code simulation gives a detailed description of the plasma focus dynamics through each phase, and provides plasma and yield parameters which show that out of 1.1 × 1019 fast beam ions produced in the plasma focus pinch, only 1.24 × 1014 ions take part in beam-target fusion reactions within the pinch, producing the same number of D-T neutrons. The remnant beam ions, numbering at least 1019, exit the focus pinch at 1.9 MeV, which is far above the 115 keV ion energy necessary for an optimum beam-target cross-section. We propose to regain the lost fusion rates by using a high-pressure D-T-filled drift-tube to attenuate the energy of the remnant beam ions until they reach the energy for the optimum fusion cross-section. Such a fusion enhancement tube would further harvest beam-target fusion reactions by increasing the interaction path length (1 m) at increased interaction density (6 atm). A gain factor of 300 is conservatively estimated, with a final yield of 3.7 × 1016 D-T neutrons carrying kinetic energy of 83.6 kJ, demonstrating Q = 0.01.