bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood deprivation, built environment, and childhood obesity in the city of Oslo
Authors: Coutinho Sílvia R. , Andersen Oddbjørn Klomsten , Lien Nanna , Gebremariam Mekdes K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Even though the social and built environment characteristics of neighborhoods have been studied as potential determinants of social inequalities in obesity among adults, fewer studies have focused on children. Our first aim was to investigate whether there were differences in the food and physical activity environments between different neighborhood deprivation levels in the city of Oslo. We also explored whether there was an association between overweight/obesity prevalence among adolescents and i. neighborhood deprivation levels and ii. food and physical activity environments of the neighborhoods they live in.
Methods
We conducted a food and physical activity environment mapping (using ArcGIS Pro) in all neighborhoods of Oslo, which were defined by administrative boundaries (sub-districts). The neighborhood deprivation score was calculated based on the percentage of households living in poverty, unemployment in the neighborhood, and residents with low education. A cross-sectional study including 802 seventh graders from 28 primary schools in Oslo residing in 75 out of 97 sub-districts in Oslo was also performed. MANCOVA and partial correlations were ran to compare the built environment distribution between different neighborhood deprivation levels, and multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to explore the effect of neighborhood deprivation and the food and physical activity environments on childhood overweight/obesity.
Results
We found that deprived neighborhoods had greater availability of fast food restaurants and fewer indoor recreational facilities compared to low-deprived neighborhoods. Additionally, we observed that the residential neighborhoods of the children with overweight/obesity had greater availability of grocery and convenience stores when compared to the residential neighborhoods of the children without overweight/obesity. Children living in deprived neighborhoods had a two-fold higher odds (95% CI = 1.1–3.8) to have overweight/obesity compared to children living in low-deprived neighborhoods, regardless of participants' ethnicity and parental education. However, the built environment did not determine the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and children’s overweight/obesity.
Conclusions
The neighborhoods in Oslo with higher deprivation levels had more obesogenic characteristics than the low-deprived neighborhoods. Children living in high-deprived neighborhoods were more likely to have overweight/obesity than their counterparts from low-deprived neighborhoods. Thus, preventive measures targeting children from low-deprived neighborhoods should be put in place in order to reduce incidence of overweight/obesity.
An IoT System for managing machine tool spindles in operation
Authors: Bachim Thyago , Martens Mauro Luiz , Gonçalves Rodrigo Franco , Bizarrias Flavio Santino , Machado Marcio Cardoso 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the development of production processes over the last decades, machine tools have evolved, and in everyday life today it is impossible not to visualize the new facilities arising from technological developments, such as IoT (Internet of Things) systems. Because they are so relevant, they have become a competitive differential in all markets and will not be different in the transformation industry or in its operational areas. Estimating when any machine will fail beforehand is fundamental to maximizing the company's results and consequently minimizing operating costs. In this sense, this research aimed to develop an IoT system for the online management of machine tool spindles in operation and to provide reliable data for maintenance management in the context of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The development of the system took place through the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Thus, with the systematic review of the literature, the artifact/theoretical system of the method type for online monitoring of spindles in operation was developed, and its implementation was demonstrated and validated via a case study with participant observation in an automotive industry. The main contributions of the research are the artifact/system developed and validated and the associated predictive maintenance method. With the artifact, the normal behavior of the spindles in operation is demonstrated, contributing both to the academy field and to the practice in the industry, in the sense of advancing knowledge and preventing catastrophic failures in machine tools.
Prevalence of early postpartum depression and associated risk factors among selected women in southern Malawi: a nested observational study
Authors: Moya Ernest , Mzembe Glory , Mwambinga Mphatso , Truwah Zinenani , Harding Rebecca , Ataide Ricardo , Larson Leila M , Fisher Jane , Braat Sabine , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Mwangi Martin N , Phiri Kamija S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The birth of a child should be a time of celebration. However, for many women, childbirth represents a time of great vulnerability to becoming mentally unwell, a neglected maternal morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of early postpartum depression (PPD) and its associated risk factors among women giving birth at health facilities in southern Malawi. Identifying women vulnerable to PPD will help clinicians provide appropriately targeted interventions before discharge from the maternity ward.
Method
We conducted a nested cross-sectional study. Women were screened for early PPD using a locally validated Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) as they were discharged from the maternity ward. The prevalence of moderate or severe (EPDS ≥ 6) and severe (EPDS ≥ 9) PPD was determined, including 95% confidence intervals (CI). Data on maternal age, education and marital status, income source, religion, gravidity, and HIV status, among others, were collected during the second trimester of pregnancy, and obstetric and infant characteristics during childbirth were examined as potential risk factors for early PPD using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results
Data contributed by 636 women were analysed. Of these women, 9.6% (95% CI; 7.4–12.1%) had moderate to severe early PPD using an EPDS cut-off of ≥ 6, and 3.3% (95% CI; 2.1–5.0%) had severe early PPD using an EPDS cut-off of ≥ 9. Multivariable analyses indicated that maternal anaemia at birth (aOR; 2.65, CI; 1.49–4.71, p-value; 0.001) was associated with increased risk for moderate and/or severe early PPD, while live birth outcome (aOR; 0.15, 95% CI; 0.04–0.54, p-value; 0.004), being single compared to divorced/widowed (aOR; 0.09, 95% CI; 0.02–0.55, p-value; 0.009), and lower education level (aOR; 0.36, 95% CI; 0.20–0.65, p-value; 0.001) were associated with decreased risk. Being HIV positive (aOR; 2.88, 95% CI; 1.08–7.67, p-value; 0.035) was associated with severe PPD only.
Conclusion
The prevalence of early PPD was slightly lower in our selected sample compared to previous reports in Malawi and was associated with maternal anaemia at birth, non-live birth, being divorced/widowed and HIV-positive status. Therefore, health workers should screen for depressive symptoms in women who are at increased risk as they are discharged from the maternity ward for early identification and treatment.
A case study of electronic waste recycling using interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators
Authors: Luqman Anam , Shahzadi Gulfam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The utilization of electrical and electronics equipments (EEEs) in waste recycling has become a paramount for various countries. The waste electrical and electronics equipment (WEEE) recy-clers own a crucial position in the environmental growth of a country as they help to minimize the carbon emissions during the recycling of WEEE in most ecofriendly way. Therefore, the selection and assessment of an appropriate WEEE recycling partner has become a most important part of DM (decision-making) applications. The collusion of numerous quantitative and qualitative factors makes the recycling partner selection problem, a multifaced and significant decision for the managerial experts. The main objective of this work is to propose MADM (multi-attribute decision-making) techniques to evaluate the WEEE recycling partners under interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy (IVFF) information. In this regard, certain Hamacher AOs (aggregation operators) are proposed in order to develop the required DM method. These AOs include Hamacher ordered, weighted geometric, ordered weighted geometric, generalized Einstein weighted, generalized Einstein ordered weighted, generalized Einstein weighted geometric, etc. Then, these averaging operators are utilized to come up with a MADM techniques under IVFF environment. Furthermore, the constructed technique is applied to a case study in China in order to incorporate with the e-waste recycling partner selection problem. Moreover, a brief comparison of the proposed with is presented with various existing techniques to manifest the productivity and coherence of the proposed model. Finally, the accuracy and consistency of results shows that the proposed technique is fully compatible and applicable in order to handle any MADM problem.
Increased Enteric Neural Crest Cell Differentiation After Transplantation Into Aganglionic Mouse Gut
Authors: Nakazawa-Tanaka Nana , Fujiwara Naho , Miyahara Katsumi , Akazawa Chihiro , Urao Masahiko , Yamataka Atsuyuki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, many studies have made considerable progress in the development of stem cell-based therapies for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). However, the question of whether enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs) that are transplanted into aganglionic gut can migrate, proliferate and differentiate in a normal manner remains unanswered. Thus, we designed this study to compare the behavior of ENCCs transplanted into the aganglionic gut of endothelin receptor B knockout (Ednrb-KO) mice versus wild-type (WT) mice.
Methods
ENCCs were isolated from the fetal guts of Sox10 transgenic mice, in which ENCCs were labeled with an enhanced green fluorescent protein, Venus, on embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). Neurospheres were generated and transplanted into the aganglionic region of either Ednrb-KO mice gut, or WT mice gut that had not yet been colonized, on E12.5. Time-lapse imaging of the transplanted ENCCs was performed after 24h, 48h and 72h of culture. Neuronal differentiation was evaluated using whole-mount immunohistochemistry.
Results
Sox10-positive ENCCs were seen to successfully migrate into the myenteric region of the aganglionic gut following transplantation in both the Ednrb-KO and WT mice. The ratio of Tuj1-positive/Sox10-positive cells was significantly increased after 72h of culture compared to 24h in the Ednrb-KO mice, which suggests that the transplanted ENCCs differentiated over time. In addition, at the 72h timepoint, neuronal differentiation of transplanted ENCC in the aganglionic gut of Ednrb-KO mice was significantly increased compared to that of WT mice.
Conclusions
The results of our study demonstrated that transplanted ENCCs migrated into the myenteric region of aganglionic recipient gut in mice. The increased neuronal differentiation of transplanted ENCC in Endrb-KO mice gut suggests that the microenvironment of this region affects ENCC behavior following transplantation. Further research to explore the characteristics of this microenvironment will improve the potential of developing cell therapy to treat HD patients.
Treatment compliance among adult cervical cancer patients receiving care at Uganda Cancer Institute, Uganda: a retrospective data review
Authors: Najjemba Josephine Irene , Ndagire Regina , Mulamira Pius , Kibudde Solomon , Lwanira Catherine Nassozi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of morbidity among women globally. Chemoradiation therapy is the preferred standard treatment for women with stage IB to IVA. However, the benefits of this treatment can only be achieved if patients adhere to the treatment guidelines. In this study, the proportion of compliance or adherence to chemo-radiation treatment among cervical cancer patients at Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) was determined.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that reviewed data retrospectively for 196 cervical cancer patients who were prescribed to chemo-radiation therapy at UCI between November 2020 to May 2021, having been diagnosed with disease stage IB to IVA. Patient data and information on treatment uptake was obtained by review of the patient’s medical records. Treatment compliance was determined by calculating the number of participants who completed the prescribed treatment (definitive pelvic concurrent chemoradiation to 50 Gy external beam radiotherapy with weekly concurrent cisplatin followed by intracavitary brachytherapy 24 Gy in 3 fractions at 8 Gy once a week over 3 weeks). Associations between patient factors and treatment adherence were determined using logistic regression analysis. In all statistical tests, a P- value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results
The proportion of patients who were administered with external beam radiation (EBRT), chemotherapy and brachytherapy were 82.6%, 52.04% and 66.2% respectively. However, only 23 of 196 patients (11.7%) were found to have adhered to the treatment plan by completion of all definitive pelvic concurrent chemoradiation to 50 Gy external beam radiotherapy (5 weeks) with weekly concurrent cisplatin (5 cycles) followed by intracavitary brachytherapy 24 Gy in 3 fractions at 8 Gy once a week over 3 weeks (3 sessions). There were no significant aassociations between patient factors and treatment adherence after multivariable analysis.
Conclusions
Treatment compliance was found in only 12% of the cohort participants. No association of patient factors with treatment compliance was found. Additional studies on treatment adherence with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the associations.
Eddy correlation measurements to visualize CO 2 and water vapor concentrations and fluxes
Authors: Rytwo Giora , Eliyahou Dafna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Eddy correlation measures gas exchange between canopy and the overlying atmosphere by evaluating the correlation between fluctuations in the gas-of-interest’s mixing ratio and the vertical wind velocity and considered the most accurate approach for measuring gas fluxes, mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor under ideal homogeneous conditions. It has been used in micrometeorology for decades to quantify mass and energy transfer between urban, natural and agricultural ecosystems and the atmosphere. We assessed its application under various—homogeneous and non-homogeneous—conditions. Our study indicates that fluxes of CO2 and H2O correlate well with plants activity only when turbulent conditions are present, in open fields. At such conditions, direct measurements of concentration of those gases are not an accurate indicator for plants activity. On the other hand, in closed systems (e.g. greenhouses)- fluxes as measured by an eddy correlation system can't accurately be related to the state of the vegetation, but the fluctuations in the concentrations of CO2 and H2O directly correlate to the actual plants activity. Adapting conditions in greenhouses to limiting factors as temperature, increases CO2 sequestration by plants, and may increase productivity
Clinical study of collagen sponge combined with iRoot in apical barriers
Authors: Qin Han , Xu Hong-zhi , Gong Yong-qing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background/Aim Placement of biocompatible material to obtain a good apical stop is one of the important factors that determine the success of apical barriers. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the apical plug performed using iRoot-BP, with or without collagen sponge in immature teeth with necrotic pulp, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application. Materials and Methods Forty-six immature teeth with necrotic pulps were included in this study. Teeth were equally divided and randomly assigned to two groups: sponge group (group KD) or control group (group NC). During apical barriers, apical plug performed with iRoot-BP or sponge + iRoot-BP followed by a permanent restoration. Blinded clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at baseline, immediate post-operative and after 3, 6 and 12 months, according to the pre-determined clinical and radiographic criteria. Results ①The evaluation results of apical lesion healing showed that 22 treated teeth in group KD (95.7%) and 21 treated teeth in group NC (91.3%) showed no clinical or radiographic signs of failure during the follow-up period (χ2 = 0.357, P = 0.55). ②The results of continuous root growth assessment showed that the root of affected teeth in group KD increased by 2 mm on average. There was statistically significant difference between group KD and group NC(P < 0.05). Conclusion Whether collagen sponge is added, iRoot-BP showed similar clinical and radiographic outcomes when used as apical barriers materials in the treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. However, the application of collagen sponge combined with iRoot-BP in apical barriers can promote root development of immature teeth, which is closer to the formation of normal root.
Designing Dispatching Rules via Novel Genetic Programming with Feature Selection in Dynamic Job-Shop Scheduling
Authors: Sitahong Adilanmu , Yuan Yiping , Li Ming , Ma Junyan , Ba Zhiyong , Lu Yongxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Genetic Programming (GP) has been widely employed to create dispatching rules intelligently for production scheduling. The success of GP depends on a suitable terminal set of selected features. Specifically, techniques that consider feature selection in GP to enhance rule understandability for dynamic job shop scheduling (DJSS) have been successful. However, existing feature selection algorithms in GP focus more emphasis on obtaining more compact rules with fewer features than on improving effectiveness. This paper is the first attempt at combining a novel GP method, GP with dynamic diversity management, with feature selection to design effective and interpretable dispatching rules for DJSS. The idea of the novel GP method is to achieve a progressive transition from exploration to exploitation by relating the level of population diversity to the stopping criteria and elapsed duration. We hypothesize that diverse and promising individuals obtained from the novel GP method can guide the feature selection to design competitive rules. The proposed approach is compared with three GP-based algorithms and 20 benchmark rules in the different job shop conditions and scheduling objectives. Experiments show that the proposed approach greatly outperforms the compared methods in generating more interpretable and effective rules for the three objective functions.
Physical function and mental health trajectories in COVID-19 patients following invasive mechanical ventilation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yamamoto Hiromasa , Tanaka Shinya , Kasugai Daisuke , Shimizu Miho , Tsuchikawa Yohei , Hori Yuto , Fugane Yuki , Inoue Takayuki , Nagaya Motoki , Omote Norihito , Higashi Michiko , Yamamoto Takanori , Jingushi Naruhiro , Numaguchi Atsushi , Goto Yukari , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This prospective observational cohort study was performed to investigate the physical function and mental health trajectories of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). The study population consisted of 64 patients (median age, 60 years; 85.9% male; median IMV duration, 9 days). At ICU discharge, 28.1% of the patients had Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score <48 points, and prolonged IMV was significantly associated with lower MRC sum score and handgrip strength. Symptoms were similar between groups at ICU discharge, and the symptoms most commonly reported as moderate-to-severe were impaired well-being (52%), anxiety (43%), tiredness (41%), and depression (35%). Although muscle strength and mobility status were significantly improved after ICU discharge, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System score did not improve significantly in the prolonged IMV group. EuroQol five-dimension five-level summary index was significantly lower in the prolonged than short IMV group at 6 months after ICU discharge. We found substantial negative physical function and mental health consequences in the majority of surviving COVID-19 patients requiring IMV, with prolonged period of IMV showing greater negative effects not only immediately but also at 6 months after discharge from the ICU.
Pueraria lobate polysaccharides alleviate neonatal calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Shen Liuhong , Shen Yu , Zhu Yingkun , You Liuchao , Zhang Yue , Su Zhetong , Peng Guangneng , Deng Junliang , Zuo Zhicai , Zhong Zhijun , Ren Zhihua , Zong Xiaolan , Yu Shumin , Cao Suizhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is still one of the most critical diseases in calf rearing. Studies have shown that Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (PLP) have intense antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity and modulate gut microbiota. This randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of PLP on fecal score, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, fecal microbiota and metabolites in diarrheic calves.
Methods
12 neonatal calves (7–8 day ages and 45–55 kg weights) with fecal scores ≥ 2 were determined as diarrhea then orally administered PLP (400mg/kg BW) QD for five consecutive days. 12 age-matched healthy calves with a fecal score ≤ 1 were selected as the control group. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected from the rectum and tail of diarrheic calves (DS) and calves in the control group (HS) on the 0 d; then collected fecal samples and blood samples from diarrheic calves treated with PLP (TS) on the 7 d of the trial. Fecal or blood samples of these calves were analyzed in inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, fecal microbiota and metabolites.
Results
Studies showed that treatment with PLP decreased the fecal score of diarrheal calves, serum concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde, and also elevated the level of superoxide dismutase. In addition, PLP treatment altered the gut microbiota, significantly increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, including the phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, the genus Collinsella, Megamonas and Bifidobacterium; decreased the relative abundances of pathogenetic or diarrhea related bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Escherichia_Shigella. Moreover, PLP can increase the fecal concentrations of isobutyric acid, propionic acid, and pantothenate; lower the levels of PC (18:0/18:1(9Z)), arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.
Conclusions
PLP perform the therapeutic activity via alleviating intestinal inflammation and regulating gut microbiota, avoiding further dysbiosis to restore the metabolism of gut microbiota, and finally promoting the recovery of diarrhea. The change further mitigated intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in diarrheal calves.