bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Alloying Elements on Properties of Arc Sprayed Fe-C-Cr-B-Al Y Coatings from Cored Wires
Authors: Korobov Y. , Shumiakov V. , Nevezhin S. , Filippov M. , Makarov A. , Malygina I. , Savrai R. , Soboleva N. , Tkachuk G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Arc sprayed coatings from Fe-Cr-B-Y cored wires additionally alloyed by Al, Si, C were studied. SEM and XRD analyses, microhardness characterized their morphology, microstructure, and phase composition. The coatings were also evaluated by two-body abrasive wear test, and heat resistance test in air, 700°C, 100 h. Among compared coatings, the Cr12B5Al5Y one with maximum Al and minimum C content showed better indicators of porosity, adhesion strength, wear- and heat resistance comparing to other coatings alloyed with Si or less content of Al. It is resulted from the largest quantity of the carbon enriched eutectic containing reinforcing carboboride phases (Fe, Cr)2B, Fe2(C, B), and a rational ratio of the alloying elements. As shown, Cr12B5Al5Y coating wear resistance is more than twice as high comparing to the coating from typical wear resistant 150Cr8Ti2Al cored wire. The latter one consists of martensite phase, forming from the metastable austenite during loading, and chromium carbides. Weight loss tests showed that coatings from studied Fe-Cr-B-Y cored wires are of the same heat resistance level as the austenite steels and 1-2 orders of magnitude higher as compared to the pearlite and ferrite-martensitic steels, which are widely used as boiler's materials.
Demonstrating Usability of Thermally Sprayed Coatings for Mechatronics and Power Electronics Applications
Authors: Luth J. , Trache R. , Toma F. , Hartmann S. , Trenkle F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to meet the increased requirements for power electronics in the automotive sector, an effective utilization of difficult installation spaces is necessary. A new production concept to realize this 3D integration of electronic circuit boards directly on components is the combination of thermal spraying and cold gas spraying to create multilayer-coating systems consisting of conducting and insulating coatings. In this study two- and tree-dimensional demonstrators were developed, showing the flexible use of thermal spraying in mechatronics and power electronics. In contrast to past studies on this construction concept, the main focus of this study was on the optimization of the ceramic insulting coatings and bond strength of the metallization. The ceramic coatings showed a dielectric strength and electrical resistance, which was suitable for most applications. Additional post treatment improved the electrical resistance in humid conditions. Already 150 µm thick electrical insulation layers showed a breakdown voltage of more than 5 kV AC and a specific electrical resistance of 5.1011 Ω.m.
Effect of the Microstructural Design of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings on Its the Thermal Cycling Behaviour
Authors: Liu T. , Yang J. , Yang G. , Li C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The microstructure of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) plays an important role in the thermal cycling behavior of TBCs. In this study, ceramic coatings with different pore structures were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Graphite with different morphology was used as pore former to adjust the pore structure of the coatings. Then, the thermal cycling behavior of TBCs with different structure was characterized. By depositing a porous 8YSZ layer on the conventional 8YSZ layer, the thermal cycling life of TBCs can be improved. However, when the porosity of the porous layer increased to about 30%, the porous layer detached from the under layer after several cycles. An elastic energy model was applied to explain the thermal cycling behavior of TBCs
Influence of the Interface Healing Between the Splashed Particles and Underlying Bond Coating on the Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of LPPS MCrAlY Bond Coats
Authors: Zhang B. , Yang G. , Li C. , Li C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The growth behavior of thermally grown oxide (TGO) on the bond coats of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has a significant impact on the TBCs lifetime. The splashed particles on the thermally sprayed MCrAlY bond coat surface have weak bonding with the underlying bulk coating, which will lead to the formation of mixed oxides and promote the failure of TBCs. In this study, the interface between the splashed particles and underlying bond coating was healed by vacuum pre-treatment (pre-diffusion). The bond coats were divided into three groups by the ways of pre-treatments before deposition of the ceramic top coating. Two groups of bond coats were subjected to two different pre-treatments (pre-diffusion-oxidation and pre-oxidation) prior to cyclic oxidation tests. The third bond coats were directly subjected to the same cyclic oxidation tests. Results show that the different TBCs present different cyclic oxidation behavior. The TBCs with pre-diffusion-oxidation exhibited the best cyclic oxidation resistance, and the ones without pre-treatment had the worst cyclic oxidation resistance. It is revealed that the healing of interface between the splashed particles and underlying bulk coating can effectively improve the cyclic oxidation resistance. This study will benefit the development of advanced TBCs with long lifetime and high reliability.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Fe-Based Amorphous Metallic Coating by HVOF Thermal Spraying
Authors: Yao H. , Zhou Z. , Tang K. , Tan Z. , Wang G. , He D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To manufacture a protective coating with low thermal conductivity and good frictional wear performance, a Fe59Cr12Nb5B20Si4 coating was designed and produced by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying; the properties and performance of this coating where then compared with those of a commercially available AISI 316L stainless steel coating. In the as-deposited state, both coatings exhibit dense layered structures with porosity below 1% and slight oxidation. The microstructure of the Fe-based coating has an amorphous matrix and some precipitated nanocrystals. The result is that the designed Fe-based coating has a thermal conductivity (2.66 W/m·K) that is significantly lower than that of the 316L stainless steel coating (5.87 W/m·K). Based on its advantageous structure, the Fe-based coating exhibits higher microhardness, reaching 1258±92 HV. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the Fe-based coating show an increase at 200°C followed by a decrease at 400°C, due to the evolution of the wear mechanism at different temperatures. The dominant wear mechanism of the Fe-based coating at room temperature is fatigue wear accompanied by oxidative wear. At 200°C, due to the existence of “third body” abrasive wear, the wear process was accelerated. The large-area oxide layer is likely responsible for the decrease of friction of the coating at 400°C.
Tribological Performance of Al2O3/YAG Amorphous Ceramic Coating Fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
Authors: Yang K. , Rong J. , Zhuang Y. , Wang L. , Tao S. , Ding C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the spray-dried Al2O3/Y2O3 composite powder was prepared using commercially available nanosized Al2O3 and Y2O3 feedstock. The mass ratio of Al2O3 to Y2O3 was 2:1. Atmospheric plasma spraying possesses high thermal enthalpy, large temperature gradient and rapid cooling rate. The microstructure and wear resistant performance of plasma-sprayed Al2O3.Y3Al5O12 (YAG) coating were investigated. As-sprayed Al2O3.YAG coating was chiefly composed of amorphous phase, which may reveal superplastic feature in supercooled liquid region (from 503.0°C to 906.5°C). The as-sprayed Al2O3.YAG coating exhibits fine plasticity and toughness. Friction and wear tests of the coatings were executed on a MMU-5GL tribological tester using a ring-on-disk arrangement. The coatings were deposited on end flat surfaces of the wear rings. The graphite disks were prepared. The wear tests were conducted at following conditions: relatively high load of 2000N; a rotational speed of 500rpm (equivalent to a sliding velocity of 0.68m/s). Friction coefficients could be obtained real-timely. The thermocouple was applied to measure the worn surface temperatures. The Al2O3/YAG amorphous coating/graphite pair possessed lower friction coefficient and worn surface temperature, compared with Al2O3 coating/graphite and Al2O3-Cr2O3 coating/graphite pairs. After wear tests, many network cracks visible to naked eye appeared the surfaces of Al2O3 and Al2O3-Cr2O3 coatings. However, no cracks were observed on the worn surface of the Al2O3/YAG amorphous coating. Therefore, plasma-sprayed Al2O3.YAG coating possesses excellent wear resistance under severe conditions with high pv values (p: contact pressure; v: friction velocity).
A Review on the Improvement of Wear, Impact and Corrosion Resistance of Iron Based Amorphous Coating by Addition of Alumina Particles
Authors: Yasir M. , Qayyum A. , Zhang C. , Liu L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The lower wear and poor impact resistance of the amorphous coatings has been a great problem in the past few years for their use in industrial applications. Several research methods have been reported recently to overcome this issue. The present paper addresses the main work done recently on iron based amorphous composite coatings by the addition of 0-20% Alumina particles. These particles were homogeneously distributed in the amorphous matrix of the coatings which improved wear and impact resistance as compared to the monolithic coatings without any decrease in corrosion resistance. The hard alumina particles enhanced wear resistance to several times not only in air but also in salt water solution with a decrease in friction coefficient. The combined effect of wear and corrosion were also observed to become better by the alumina addition. Furthermore, the impact resistance was also improved three times by the addition of alumina particles. The hard second phase particles present in the amorphous coating matrix disperses the residual stresses generated during the impact loading. The brittle alumina particles absorb the impact energy by breaking itself which stop the initiation of cracks and also play a vital role in the crack arresting and blocking of the crack propagation.
Simulation of Effect of Interface Evolution on the Bonding During the High-Velocity Particle Impacts in Cold Spray by Using Eulerian Approach
Authors: Li Y. , Luo X. , Li C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The bonding at the interface in cold sprayed coating is considered to be a very crucial factor determining its mechanical properties, physical and chemical behavior such as tensile strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivities, as well as corrosion resistance. Therefore, in this study the deformation behavior of the particle initial surface is investigated in order to reveal the evolution of free-oxide interface during the high-velocity particle impact in cold spray. The variation of the stress at the interface during the impact is also examined to evaluate the bonding between particle and substrate, and further to predict the bonding strength for the experiments. Results show that the area ratio of the free-oxide interface and the whole interface are 0.52, 0.7 and 0.76, respectively, for the case of copper particle impact at 500 m/s, 800 m/s and 1100 m/s. Moreover, the free-oxide interface in case of 800 m/s is about 3 times as much as that in case of 500 m/s while the free-oxide interface of 1100 m/s is approximately 5 times as much as that of 500 m/s. The compressive stress in the normal direction at the position where free-oxide interface occurs is higher than the yield strength of the material and during the whole impact, the tensile stress is no more than the tensile strength of the material.
S/TEM and TEM Investigations of Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Gd2Zr2O7 Zirconate
Authors: Moskal G. , Swadźba R. , Białecki R. , Kruczek T. , Adamczyk W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Detailed investigations of thermally grown oxides (TGO) zone and areas adjoining to it were presented in this article. The thermal barrier coating (TBC) based on gadolinium zirconate (Gd2Zr2O7, GZ) and deposited by air plasma spraying (APS) on AMS 5599 superalloy with NiCrAlY type of bond-coat was the analysed material. Analyses were made on TBC system after spraying process and after time to 500 hours of oxidation at temperature 1100°C in atmosphere of laboratory air. Ultrahigh resolution scanning-transmission (S/TEM) electron microscope TITAN 80-300 was used to conduct the tests. Quanta 200i Dual Beam apparatus by FEI for precise and localized focused Ga+ ion beam (FIB) sample preparation was used as well.The basic aim of presented investigations was related with detailed characterization of interface zone between ceramic top-coat (TC) of Gd2Zr2O7 type and NiCrAlY bond-coat after spraying process and after 500 hours of deposition in oxidized atmosphere where the TGO zone was formed with the thickness ca. 5-10 µm. The special emphasis was placed on research of this zone and its morphology due to very strong influence of formed thermally grown oxides on overall life-time and destruction processes which took place on the interface between TGO and ceramic top-coat. Obtained data revealed that the most important factors influenced on destruction processes are related with the thickness of TGO zone (consisted mainly Al2O3, NiAl2O4 and eventually NiO) rather than formation of undesirable phases such as GdAlO3 complex oxide.
A High Bond Strength Interlayer for Metal Coating on Polymer Composites Fabricated by Super-Detonation Spray
Authors: Wang C. , Gao J. , Tian H. , Cui Y. , Guo M. , Zhang H. , Tang Z. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a metal-polymer composite coating containing Al and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was prepared on the surface of a polymer matrix composite (PMC) using a detonation spraying process. The microstructure and bond strength of the as-prepared coatings were analyzed. The bonding mechanism of the coatings, especially the deposition behavior of the Al and EVA particles on the PMC surface is discussed. Results had shown that detonation spraying technique enables the deposition of metal-polymer coatings directly onto the PMC surface under precise process control. The preparation of metal-polymer composite coating on PMC via detonation spraying process presents promising application as an interlayer for the surface metallization of PMC.
Improving Erosion Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings by Elevating the Deposition Temperature Based on the Critical Bonding Temperature
Authors: Yao S.-W. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Inter-lamellae bonding within thermal sprayed coatings is one of the most important factors influencing the properties and performance of coatings. It has been revealed that there exists a critical bonding temperature for a molten ceramic splat to form the bonding to the same splat surface. The erosion behaviors of thermal sprayed coatings are significantly influenced by the interface bonding between lamellae. In this study, the erosion behavior of plasma-sprayed TiO2, Al2O3 and YSZ coatings deposited at different deposition temperatures was investigated. The cross section of plasma sprayed coatings was characterized by the scanning electron microscope. It was revealed that the coatings deposited at room temperature exhibit a typical lamellar structure with numerous unbonded interfaces, whereas the coatings prepared at the temperature above the critical bonding temperature present a dense structure with well bonded lamellae. The erosion rate significantly decreases with the improvement of interface bonding. In addition, the erosion mechanisms of the conventional coatings and the lamellae well bonded coatings were further discussed. The unbonded interfaces act as precracks accelerating the erosion of plasma-sprayed coatings. Thus, controlling inter-lamellae bonding based on the critical bonding temperature is conducive to the improvement of erosion resistance of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings.
Reactive Plasma Sprayed Nitride Coatings with Improved Conductivity
Authors: Shahien M. , Yamada M. , Fukumoto M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Decomposition of the nitride ceramic particles like aluminium nitride (AlN) during conventional thermal spray process prevents their deposition on the substrate. Reactive plasma spraying (RPS) is a promising solution to fabricate AlN coatings. It is based on reaction and deposition of molten particles in active nitrogen ambient to form the AlN phase. Several thick AlN based coatings were fabricate successfully by reactive plasma spraying of aluminium and/or alumina particles. This study shows our recent achievements of fabrication of AlN coatings with improved conductivity. It was possible to fabricate AlN based coatings through reactive spraying of fine alumina particles mixed with fine AlN additives. Using small particle size powders improved the particles melting, surface area, therefore nitriding conversion and the AlN content. The fabricated AlN based coating contains several of oxide phases, with low density and high porosity, therefore its thermal conductivity was very low (about 2.6 W/m.K). To fabricate AlN coatings with high thermal conductivity, a liquid phase promoting additive (yttria) was added to the feedstock powder. It assists the formation of the yttrium aluminate (Y-Al-O) phase and therefore the sintering of the coatings during heat treatment. Finally, AlN coating with improved thermal conductivity (above 90 W/m.K) was developed.
Liquid Flame Spray Construction of Polyimide-Copper Layers for Marine Antifouling Applications
Authors: Liu Y. , Suo X. , Wang Z. , Gong Y. , Wang X. , Li H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Polyimide-copper layers consisting of individual capsule-like splats were one-step fabricated by solution precursor flame spray through controlling the reaction between dianhydride and diamine dissolved in copper nanoparticles containing dimethylformamide solvent. The polyimide splat exhibited hollow structure with an inner pore of 10-15 µm and a tiny hole of 1-5 µm on its top surface. Transversal cut by focused ion beam milling of the individual splats and scanning electron microscopy characterization further revealed unique dispersion of the copper nanoparticles inside the polyimide shell. After 1000 h exposure to the testing synthetic seawater, continuous release of copper from the coatings containing up to 30wt.%Cu kept remarkable. Antifouling performances of the constructed layers were assessed by examining colonization behaviors of typical bacteria Bacillus sp. and marine algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chlorella on their surfaces. Distribution of the inorganic nanoparticles endows the polyimide coatings with special capsule structure and exciting hydrophobicity and antifouling performances. The liquid flame spray route and the encapsulated structure of the polyimide-Cu coatings would open a new window for designing and constructing environment-friendly marine antifouling layers for long-term applications.
Investigation of Pretreatment and Coating of Vulcanized Fiber by Means of Thermal Spraying
Authors: Tillmann W. , Brinkhoff A. , Baumann I. , Schmidt K. , Zielke R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In light weight constructions, research focuses more and more on ecological aspects of materials. In this way vulcanized fiber relive a renaissance because it is produced from renewable raw materials. Vulcanized fiber is a composite material, which was approximately discovered in 1855. It is manufactured by parchmentizing of pulp with the use of a zinc chloride solution. This material is well known for its good strength to weight relationship, but it is susceptible to the contact with aqueous fluids and also shows only a low resistance to wear. Therefore, a functionalization of the surface is needed. The functionalization can be realized by thermal spray processes to increase the potential of vulcanized fiber. Especially the pretreatment of the specimen to enable the coating application is one of the key topics of this paper. Vulcanized fiber is a thermal sensitive material. The impact of hot spray materials can cause undesired reactions such as the combustion of fibers on the substrate’s surface. To reduce this effect, twin wire arc spraying and low pressure cold gas spraying processes were used to apply low-melting materials (copper, zinc) onto the specimen. Thereby, the influence of the coating on the vulcanized fiber surface was investigated. In addition, non-destructive testing methods were evaluated to gain information about the vulcanized fiber.
Characterization of CrMoBW-Fe Base In-Flight Particles and Splats Fabricated by Nano-Structured Cored Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Tuiprae M. , Meekhanthong K. , Chokethawai K. , Wirojanupatump S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Properties and performance of the coating fabricated by wire arc spray process strongly depend on various factors including spray parameters and characteristics of both in-flight particle and splat. In this study, relationship between in-flight particle, splat formation and microstructure of the CrMoBW-Fe based nanocomposite coating fabricated by wire arc spray process were investigated. The Focus ion beam (FIB) milling was used to prepare a transversal cross-section of the in-flight particle and splat to be characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). In addition, phase compositions were also analyzed by using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results revealed that size of the in-flight particles and splat morphology greatly influenced microstructure and properties of the coatings. In-flight particles were revealed a spherical-shape with a broad size distribution ranging from 0.8 to 115 µm at the average of 26 µm particle diameter. In-flight particles were well flattened on impact giving flower-shape splat with the average diameter of 100 µm. Flattening degree was found to be 3.8. Arc sprayed CrMoBW-Fe base nanocomposite coating showed very thin splat with fine lamella structure which implied that particles were fully molten upon impact onto substrate.
The Oxidation Behavior and Mechanism of Plasma Spraying ZrB2 Ceramic Coating with SiC Addition
Authors: Feng X. , Wang X. , Deng L. , Xie J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Plasma spraying ZrB2 ceramic coating is considered as potential candidate method of Thermal Protective System. While the application of plasma sprayed ZrB2 coating is restricted due to its oxidation. Therefore, it is important to study the oxidation behavior of the ZrB2 material. In this research, oxidation behavior of the ZrB2 ceramic, which achieve different density by using SPS and pressureless sintering, is studied to explain the oxidation behavior of plasma spraying ZrB2 ceramic coating. The oxidation behavior of ZrB2 ceramics is investigated using SEM, XRD and EDS. The ZrB2–based ceramic coating is gravely oxidized at 600°C, but the block ZrB2–based ceramics also possess excellent oxidation resistance above 1000°C. The density of ZrB2 ceramics significantly increase when changing the sintering method from pressureless sintering to SPS. The high density has beneficial effect to improve the oxidation resistance of ZrB2 ceramic, for there are few open pores channel in high density ceramics. The oxygen cannot diffuse to the inner through pores, as a result, the high density ceramics can only be oxidized from outside to inside progressively, unlike low density ceramics, whose surface and inner is oxidized simultaneously.