bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of the abuse policy narrative in asylum debates and its effects on citizens’ opinion formation
Authors: Kaufmann David , Bernhard Laurent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAsylum seekers are often portrayed as “bogus refugees” who try to abuse a destination country’s generosity and protection. We scrutinise the use and effect of such a constructed abuse policy narrative in Swiss asylum referendums by examining the conveyance of this narrative by political elite actors (meso-level) and its effect on citizens’ opinion formation (micro-level). On the meso-level, our analysis shows that political organisations rely more strongly on the abuse policy narrative (1) if a referendum proposal contains more tightening as opposed to streamlining policies and (2) if their political ideology is to the right. While the first finding also applies at the micro-level, voters from both the right and the centre are likely to base their decision on the abuse policy narrative. The fact that this narrative is convincing for centrist voters is particularly important as they usually play a decisive role in the outcome of asylum referendums.
LiDAR analyses in the contiguous Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin, Guatemala: an introduction to new perspectives on regional early Maya socioeconomic and political organization
Authors: Hansen Richard D. , Morales-Aguilar Carlos , Thompson Josephine , Ensley Ross , Hernández Enrique , Schreiner Thomas , Suyuc-Ley Edgar , Martínez Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiDAR coverage of a large contiguous area within the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin (MCKB) of northern Guatemala has identified a concentration of Preclassic Maya sites (ca. 1000b.c.–a.d. 150) connected by causeways, forming a web of implied social, political, and economic interactions. This article is an introduction to one of the largest, contiguous, regional LiDAR studies published to date in the Maya Lowlands. More than 775 ancient Maya settlements are identified within the MCKB, and 189 more in the surrounding karstic ridge, which we condensed into 417 ancient cities, towns, and villages of at least six preliminary tiers based on surface area, volumetrics, and architectural configurations. Many tiered sites date to the Middle and Late Preclassic periods, as determined by archaeological testing, and volumetrics of contemporaneously constructed and/or occupied architecture with similar morphological characteristics. Monumental architecture, consistent architectural formats, specific site boundaries, water management/collection facilities, and 177 km of elevated Preclassic causeways suggest labor investments that defy organizational capabilities of lesser polities and potentially portray the strategies of governance in the Preclassic period. Settlement distributions, architectural continuities, chronological contemporaneity, and volumetric considerations of sites provide evidence for early centralized administrative and socio-economic strategies within a defined geographical region.
The Reification of Non-Human Animals
Authors: Caprioglio Panizza Silvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper takes up Axel Honneth’s suggestion that we, in the 21st century Western world, should revisit the Marxian idea of reification; unlike Honneth, however, this paper applies reification to the ways in which humans relate to non-human animals, particularly in the context of scientific experiments. Thinking about these practices through the lens of reification, the paper argues, yields a more helpful understanding of what is regarded as problematic in those practices than the standard animal rights approaches. The second part of the paper offers ways of overcoming reification that go beyond Honneth’s idea of recognition by introducing Iris Murdoch’s idea of attention. This proposed strategy makes the ethical relevance of reification more salient and makes it possible to counter reification through a practice such as attention which, unlike recognition, can be consciously established.
Cereal rye seeding rate does not affect magnitude of weed suppression when planting green within Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Ficks Teala S. , VanGessel Mark J. , Wallace John M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the Mid-Atlantic United States, there is increasing interest in delaying cereal rye termination until after soybean planting (i.e., planting green). Improved understanding of cereal rye seeding rate effects is needed to balance weed and agronomic management goals. We investigated the effects of cereal rye seeding rates on weed control and crop performance when planting green in complementary experiments in two Mid-Atlantic regions. The Pennsylvania experiment was replicated at three site-years and the Delaware experiment at two site-years. In both experiments, population-level weed responses were evaluated across four cereal rye seeding rates: 0, 51, 101, and 135 kg ha−1. The Delaware experiment also implemented a nitrogen treatment factor (0 and 34 kg N ha−1; spring applied). Both experiments showed that integrating cereal rye in the fall significantly improved winter- and summer-annual weed suppression compared with the fallow control, but no differences in total cereal rye biomass production or weed suppression were found among alternative cereal rye seeding rates (51 to 135 kg ha−1). Soybean yield did not differ among treatments in any of the studies. These results show there is no reason to increase cereal rye seeding rates for weed suppression services or to decrease seeding rates for agronomic reasons (i.e., soybean population and yield) when employing planting-green tactics in no-till soybean production within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schlaf und Training bei jugendlichen Elite-Mannschaftsathleten in Österreich
Authors: Frytz Patricia , Hödlmoser Kerstin 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung. In dieser Studie wurde das Schlaf-Wach-Verhalten jugendlicher Elite-Mannschaftsathleten in Österreich im Zusammenhang mit deren Training untersucht. Dafür wurden 104 Athleten ( M=14.52 Jahre, SD=0.40), die jeweils Mitglied eines U15/U16 Teams im Fußball ( n=69) oder Eishockey ( n =35) waren, über mehrere Wochen (14 – 42 Tage) per Aktigraphie und Schlafprotokoll untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden der Chronotyp (D-MEQ) und die allgemeine Schlafqualität (PSQI) erhoben. Es wurde angenommen, dass die Schlafqualität vor Trainings- und Spieltagen geringer ist als vor Ruhetagen und dass sich eine geringe Schlafqualität negativ auf die Trainingsintensität auswirkt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Athleten an Ruhetagen eine längere Schlafdauer aufweisen. Es hat sich außerdem bestätigt, dass eine kürzere Schlafdauer und längere Einschlaflatenz einen negativen Einfluss auf die wahrgenommene Trainingsintensität am folgenden Tag haben. Ein stärkerer Einbezug der Schlafqualität bei Leistungsanalysen und in der Gestaltung von Trainingsplänen wird empfohlen.
On the Spatial Structure and Zonal Drift of Low Latitude E Region Irregularity Patches Over Hainan
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Wang Ye , Hu Lianhuan , Xie Haiyong , Li Yi , Zhao Xiukuan , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll‐sky radar measurements provide a unique capability to resolve the spatial structure of E region irregularities over a large zonal region. With the all‐sky radar interferometry observations at Ledong (18.4°N, 109.0°E) in Hainan, China, the spatial structure and zonal drift of low latitude E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) over a large region are statistically investigated for the first time. It is revealed that the E region FAIs, including both the continuous and quasi‐periodic (QP) types shown in radar range‐time‐intensity maps, occurred most frequently in summer. The continuous type was observed being generated locally without obvious zonal drift. The QP type generally covered ∼40–500 km zonally, and consisted of up to 9 (peaking at 3–4) FAI patches separated by ∼20–130 km (peaking at ∼60 km). The spatially separated FAI patches predominantly drifted westward at the speed ∼50–200 m/s. Besides the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, gravity waves were surmised to be a major source for causing the spatial structures of low latitude QP type E region FAIs. Neutral wind was suggested to play an important role for their zonal drifts.
Co‐Current Fluid Flow Mechanisms Within a Complex Porous Structure at the Pore Level
Authors: Moradi Bijan , Zojaji Iman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study has been addressed the mechanisms of the co‐current fluid flow in a heterogeneous porous media using the lattice Boltzmann method. Since the smallest interaction between viscous and capillary forces at the interface is of great importance, the simulations are performed with the hybrid phase‐field model at the pore level. This is because the main advantage of this model is that due to its connection with the phase‐field theory, it has a solid physical basis to record interface dynamics. Model verification is followed by recording viscous coupling effects. The relative permeability curves and the velocity profiles are compared with the analytical solution, so that the observations confirm the accuracy claim of the model. In the following, the fluid flow through the heterogeneous porous structure is simulated, so that its sweep efficiency and corresponding velocity field at the breakthrough time are discussed. The results show that increasing the injection velocity reduces the displacement efficiency and increases the velocity field fluctuations due to the viscous fingering regime. Changing the wetting conditions to strong imbibition (SI) will increase the efficiency due to the role of capillary pressure and corner flow mechanism. Also, increasing the interfacial tension in the SI and the strong drainage will increase and decrease the sweep efficiency, respectively, so the rate of changes in fully immiscible flow is much higher than the near miscible flow. The velocity fluctuations in the fully immiscible flow are more significant than in the near miscible flow, which is reasonable given the flow properties.
Current progress and open challenges for applying tyrosine kinase inhibitors in osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Chenglong , Shi Qianyu , Xu Jiuhui , Ren Tingting , Huang Yi , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a mesenchymal-origin tumor that constitutes the most common primary malignant bone tumor. The survival rate of the patients has significantly improved since the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extensive resection, but it has stagnated in recent 40 years. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have played a key part in the treatment of malignant tumors. In advanced OS, TKIs including anlotinib, apatinib, sorafenib, etc. have significantly improved the progression-free survival of patients, while the overall survival remains unchanged. The main reason is the rapid and inevitable progress of acquired drug resistance of OS. However, as the application of TKIs in OS and other tumors is still in the exploratory phase, its drug resistance mechanism and corresponding solutions are rarely reported. Hence, in this review, we summarize knowledge of the applications of TKIs, the mechanism of TKIs resistance, and the attempts to overcome TKIs resistance in OS, which are the three potentially novel insights of TKIs in OS. Because most evidence is derived from studies using animal and cell models, we also reviewed clinical trials and related bioinformatics data available in public databases, which partially improved our understanding of TKIs applications.
Regulation of bone homeostasis by MERTK and TYRO3
Authors: Engelmann Janik , Zarrer Jennifer , Gensch Victoria , Riecken Kristoffer , Berenbrok Nikolaus , Luu The Vinh , Beitzen-Heineke Antonia , Vargas-Delgado Maria Elena , Pantel Klaus , Bokemeyer Carsten , Bhamidipati Somasekhar , Darwish Ihab S. , Masuda Esteban , Burstyn-Cohen Tal , Alberto Emily J. , Ghosh Sourav , Rothlin Carla , Hesse Eric , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ben-Batalla Isabel , Loges Sonja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fine equilibrium of bone homeostasis is maintained by bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Here, we show that TAM receptors MERTK and TYRO3 exert reciprocal effects in osteoblast biology: Osteoblast-targeted deletion of MERTK promotes increased bone mass in healthy mice and mice with cancer-induced bone loss, whereas knockout of TYRO3 in osteoblasts shows the opposite phenotype. Functionally, the interaction of MERTK with its ligand PROS1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via inducing the VAV2-RHOA-ROCK axis leading to increased cell contractility and motility while TYRO3 antagonizes this effect. Consequently, pharmacologic MERTK blockade by the small molecule inhibitor R992 increases osteoblast numbers and bone formation in mice. Furthermore, R992 counteracts cancer-induced bone loss, reduces bone metastasis and prolongs survival in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, breast- and lung cancer. In summary, MERTK and TYRO3 represent potent regulators of bone homeostasis with cell-type specific functions and MERTK blockade represents an osteoanabolic therapy with implications in cancer and beyond.
Wafer-scale nanofabrication of telecom single-photon emitters in silicon
Authors: Hollenbach Michael , Klingner Nico , Jagtap Nagesh S. , Bischoff Lothar , Fowley Ciarán , Kentsch Ulrich , Hlawacek Gregor , Erbe Artur , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Helm Manfred , Berencén Yonder , Astakhov Georgy V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA highly promising route to scale millions of qubits is to use quantum photonic integrated circuits (PICs), where deterministic photon sources, reconfigurable optical elements, and single-photon detectors are monolithically integrated on the same silicon chip. The isolation of single-photon emitters, such as the G centers and W centers, in the optical telecommunication O-band, has recently been realized in silicon. In all previous cases, however, single-photon emitters were created uncontrollably in random locations, preventing their scalability. Here, we report the controllable fabrication of single G and W centers in silicon wafers using focused ion beams (FIB) with high probability. We also implement a scalable, broad-beam implantation protocol compatible with the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology to fabricate single telecom emitters at desired positions on the nanoscale. Our findings unlock a clear and easily exploitable pathway for industrial-scale photonic quantum processors with technology nodes below 100 nm.
Different roles of concurring climate and regional land-use changes in past 40 years’ insect trends
Authors: Neff Felix , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi , Rey Emmanuel , Albrecht Matthias , Bollmann Kurt , Cahenzli Fabian , Chittaro Yannick , Gossner Martin M. , Martínez-Núñez Carlos , Meier Eliane S. , Monnerat Christian , Moretti Marco , Roth Tobias , Herzog Felix , Knop Eva 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate and land-use changes are main drivers of insect declines, but their combined effects have not yet been quantified over large spatiotemporal scales. We analysed changes in the distribution (mean occupancy of squares) of 390 insect species (butterflies, grasshoppers, dragonflies), using 1.45 million records from across bioclimatic gradients of Switzerland between 1980 and 2020. We found no overall decline, but strong increases and decreases in the distributions of different species. For species that showed strongest increases (25% quantile), the average proportion of occupied squares increased in 40 years by 0.128 (95% credible interval: 0.123–0.132), which equals an average increase in mean occupancy of 71.3% (95% CI: 67.4–75.1%) relative to their 40-year mean occupancy. For species that showed strongest declines (25% quantile), the average proportion decreased by 0.0660 (95% CI: 0.0613–0.0709), equalling an average decrease in mean occupancy of 58.3% (95% CI: 52.2–64.4%). Decreases were strongest for narrow-ranged, specialised, and cold-adapted species. Short-term distribution changes were associated to both climate changes and regional land-use changes. Moreover, interactive effects between climate and regional land-use changes confirm that the various drivers of global change can have even greater impacts on biodiversity in combination than alone. In contrast, 40-year distribution changes were not clearly related to regional land-use changes, potentially reflecting mixed changes in local land use after 1980. Climate warming however was strongly linked to 40-year changes, indicating its key role in driving insect trends of temperate regions in recent decades.
Tagging active neurons by soma-targeted Cal-Light
Authors: Hyun Jung Ho , Nagahama Kenichiro , Namkung Ho , Mignocchi Neymi , Roh Seung-Eon , Hannan Patrick , Krüssel Sarah , Kwak Chuljung , McElroy Abigail , Liu Bian , Cui Mingguang , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Dongmin , Huganir Richard L. , Worley Paul F. , Sawa Akira , Kwon Hyung-Bae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVerifying causal effects of neural circuits is essential for proving a direct circuit-behavior relationship. However, techniques for tagging only active neurons with high spatiotemporal precision remain at the beginning stages. Here we develop the soma-targeted Cal-Light (ST-Cal-Light) which selectively converts somatic calcium rise triggered by action potentials into gene expression. Such modification simultaneously increases the signal-to-noise ratio of reporter gene expression and reduces the light requirement for successful labeling. Because of the enhanced efficacy, the ST-Cal-Light enables the tagging of functionally engaged neurons in various forms of behaviors, including context-dependent fear conditioning, lever-pressing choice behavior, and social interaction behaviors. We also target kainic acid-sensitive neuronal populations in the hippocampus which subsequently suppress seizure symptoms, suggesting ST-Cal-Light’s applicability in controlling disease-related neurons. Furthermore, the generation of a conditional ST-Cal-Light knock-in mouse provides an opportunity to tag active neurons in a region- or cell-type specific manner via crossing with other Cre-driver lines. Thus, the versatile ST-Cal-Light system links somatic action potentials to behaviors with high temporal precision, and ultimately allows functional circuit dissection at a single cell resolution.
Multi-task machine learning improves multi-seasonal prediction of the Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Ling Fenghua , Luo Jing-Jia , Li Yue , Tang Tao , Bai Lei , Ouyang Wanli , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs one of the most predominant interannual variabilities, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) exerts great socio-economic impacts globally, especially on Asia, Africa, and Australia. While enormous efforts have been made since its discovery to improve both climate models and statistical methods for better prediction, current skills in IOD predictions are mostly limited up to three months ahead. Here, we challenge this long-standing problem using a multi-task deep learning model that we name MTL-NET. Hindcasts of the IOD events during the past four decades indicate that the MTL-NET can predict the IOD well up to 7-month ahead, outperforming most of world-class dynamical models used for comparison in this study. Moreover, the MTL-NET can help assess the importance of different predictors and correctly capture the nonlinear relationships between the IOD and predictors. Given its merits, the MTL-NET is demonstrated to be an efficient model for improved IOD prediction.
Phenome-wide association study of loci harboring de novo tandem repeat mutations in UK Biobank exomes
Authors: Wendt Frank R. , Pathak Gita A. , Polimanti Renato 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen present in coding regions, tandem repeats (TRs) may have large effects on protein structure and function contributing to health and disease. We use a family-based design to identify de novo TRs and assess their impact at the population level in 148,607 European ancestry participants from the UK Biobank. The 427 loci with de novo TR mutations are enriched for targets of microRNA-184 (21.1-fold, P = 4.30 × 10−5, FDR = 9.50 × 10−3). There are 123 TR-phenotype associations with posterior probabilities > 0.95. These relate to body structure, cognition, and cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and respiratory outcomes. We report several loci with large likely causal effects on tissue microstructure, including the FAN1-[TG]N and carotid intima-media thickness (mean thickness: beta = 5.22, P = 1.22 × 10−6, FDR = 0.004; maximum thickness: beta = 6.44, P = 1.12 × 10−6, FDR = 0.004). Two exonic repeats FNBP4-[GGT]N and BTN2A1-[CCT]N alter protein structure. In this work, we contribute clear and testable hypotheses of dose-dependent TR implications linking genetic variation and protein structure with health and disease outcomes.
Radiative anti-parity-time plasmonics
Authors: Yang Yumeng , Xie Xinrong , Li Yuanzhen , Zhang Zijian , Peng Yiwei , Wang Chi , Li Erping , Li Ying , Chen Hongsheng , Gao Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpace and guided electromagnetic waves, as widely known, are two crucial cornerstones in extensive wireless and integrated applications respectively. To harness the two cornerstones, radiative and integrated devices are usually developed in parallel based on the same physical principles. An emerging mechanism, i.e., anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry originated from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, has led to fruitful phenomena in harnessing guided waves. However, it is still absent in harnessing space waves. Here, we propose a radiative plasmonic APT design to harness space waves, and experimentally demonstrate it with subwavelength designer-plasmonic structures. We observe two exotic phenomena unrealized previously. Rotating polarizations of incident space waves, we realize polarization-controlled APT phase transition. Tuning incidence angles, we observe multi-stage APT phase transition in higher-order APT systems, constructed by using the scalability of leaky-wave couplings. Our scheme shows promise in demonstrating novel APT physics, and constructing APT-symmetry-empowered radiative devices.
Optimization of the proliferation and persistency of CAR T cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ueda Tatsuki , Shiina Sara , Iriguchi Shoichi , Terakura Seitaro , Kawai Yohei , Kabai Ryotaro , Sakamoto Satoko , Watanabe Akira , Ohara Kohei , Wang Bo , Xu Huaigeng , Minagawa Atsutaka , Hotta Akitsu , Woltjen Knut , Uemura Yasushi , Kodama Yuzo , Seno Hiroshi , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Tamada Koji , Kaneko Shin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapies against solid tumours relies on the accumulation, proliferation and persistency of T cells at the tumour site. Here we show that the proliferation of CD8αβ cytotoxic CAR T cells in solid tumours can be enhanced by deriving and expanding them from a single human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell clone bearing a CAR selected for efficient differentiation. We also show that the proliferation and persistency of the effector cells in the tumours can be further enhanced by genetically knocking out diacylglycerol kinase, which inhibits antigen-receptor signalling, and by transducing the cells with genes encoding for membrane-bound interleukin-15 (IL-15) and its receptor subunit IL-15Rα. In multiple tumour-bearing animal models, the engineered hiPSC-derived CAR T cells led to therapeutic outcomes similar to those of primary CD8 T cells bearing the same CAR. The optimization of effector CAR T cells derived from pluripotent stem cells may aid the development of long-lasting antigen-specific T-cell immunotherapies for the treatment of solid tumours.