bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of patella alignment with cartilage relaxation times and self‐reported symptoms in individuals with patellofemoral degeneration
Authors: Liao Tzu‐Chieh , Pedoia Valentina , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo determine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of patella alignment with cartilage relaxation and patients' self‐reported symptoms. Thirty participants with isolated patellofemoral joint (PFJ) degeneration (six males, 53.7 ± 9.3 years) and 24 controls (12 males, 47.6 ± 10.7 years) were included. Magnetic resonance assessment was performed to provide grading of structural abnormalities, cartilage relaxation times, and patella alignment. Self‐reported symptoms were assessed using the self‐administrated knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). All participants were examined at baseline and 3 years. Statistical parametric mapping and Pearson partial correlation were used to evaluate the associations between patella alignment with cartilage relaxation times and self‐reported symptoms, respectively. The analyses were performed between baseline (cross‐sectional) as well as the baseline against 3 years (longitudinal). Results indicated that patella height and patella flexion were associated with T1ρ and T2 relaxation times at baseline (percentages of voxels showing significant correlation [PSV] = 10.1%–24.8%; mean correlations [R] = 0.34–0.36; mean p = 0.015–0.026). Furthermore, greater patella lateral alignment, lateral tilt, and lateral spin were associated with longer T2 times at 3 years (PSV = 11.0%–14.4%, R = 0.39–0.44, p = 0.017–0.028). Last, a higher patella was associated with a lower KOOS at baseline and at 3 years (R = −0.33 to −0.35). The study suggests that patella malalignment is a risk factor for worsening cartilage health, informing clinicians of a better rehabilitation program that targets PFJ degeneration.
Enantioseparation of N‐methyl duloxetine, duloxetine, and fluoxetine by countercurrent chromatography using anionic β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector
Authors: Sun Wenyu , Chen Ben , You Haibo , Fang Liqun , Qian Junqing , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: May 2022

Two anionic β‐cyclodextrins as chiral selectors were successfully applied in the enantioseparation of N‐methyl duloxetine, duloxetine, and fluoxetine by countercurrent chromatography. Sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin showed opposite enantioselectivity for both duloxetine and N‐methyl duloxetine enantiomers. Two biphasic solvent systems, n‐hexane: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.6 with 50 mmol/L of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) and n‐hexane: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.2 with 50 mmol/L of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v), were selected for N‐methyl duloxetine. Enantioseparation of duloxetine was achieved by recycling countercurrent chromatography using a solvent system composed of n‐butyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.2 with 20 mmol/L of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin or carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v). A solvent system composed of n‐hexane: n‐butyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.6 containing 20 mmol/L of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin (6:4:10, v/v) was selected for enantioseparation of fluoxetine.
Transforming the treatment of psoriasis to the 21st century: Detecting subclinical therapeutic response to secukinumab using optical coherence tomography as a prognostic indicator
Authors: Felice Skye , Bressler Moshe Y. , Karim Raisa , Markowitz Orit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging device that scans the skin up to 2 mm in depth. OCT can capture real‐time epidermal thickness (ET) measurements and detect subclinical changes in inflammatory skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.ObjectiveTo determine if measuring ET with OCT can detect a subclinical therapeutic response in psoriasis treated with the biological therapy, secukinumab (an IL‐17A antagonist).DesignPhase IV, single‐center, open‐label, and single‐arm study.ParticipantsTwenty‐six consecutive patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.MeasurementsClinical, dermoscopic, and OCT images were obtained at each visit. The clinician measured disease severity with the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) and Psoriasis Area And Severity Index (PASI). OCT was used to scan the ET at the center of lesional skin (ET‐L), along the border, and normal skin (ET‐N) on the same body plane; their difference was noted as ΔET.ResultsInitially, ET‐L was greater than ET‐N (p < 0.0001), their differences decreased throughout the study, and there were no significant differences at Week 16 (p = 0.48). Twenty‐four (92%) patients achieved a 50% reduction in PASI score (PASI50); they had lower ΔET at Weeks 0, 1, 3, 4, and 8 compared to those who did not clear (p < 0.04). Having a lower ΔET at Week 4 was associated with a shorter time to reach PASI50 (p = 0.02).ConclusionET measurements using OCT can detect an early subclinical response to secukinumab compared to clinical scoring and identify nonresponders as early as 4 weeks.
Total ice content and lipid saturation determine adipose tissue cryolipolysis by injection of ice‐slurry
Authors: Ni Peiyun , Farinelli William A. , Cheng Leo L. , Farrar Christian T. , Motamarry Anjan , Moradi Tuchayi Sara , Wang Ying , Anderson Richard Rox , Garibyan Lilit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesCryolipolysis uses tissue cooling to solidify lipids, preferentially damaging lipid‐rich cells. Topical cooling is popular for the reduction of local subcutaneous fat. Injection of biocompatible ice‐slurry is a recently introduced alternative. We developed and verified a quantitative model that simulates the heat exchange and phase changes involved, offering insights into ice‐slurry injection for treating subcutaneous fat.MethodsFinite element method was used to model the spatial and temporal progression of heat transfer between adipose tissue and injected ice‐slurry, estimating dose‐response relationships between properties of the slurry and size of tissue affected by cryolipolysis. Phase changes of both slurry and adipose tissue lipids were considered. An in vivo swine model was used to validate the numerical solutions. Oils with different lipid compositions were exposed to ice‐slurry in vitro to evaluate the effects of lipid freezing temperature. Microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to detect lipid phase changes.ResultsA ball of granular ice was deposited at the injection site in subcutaneous fat. Total injected ice content determines both the effective cooling region of tissue, and the duration of tissue cooling. Water's high latent heat of fusion enables tissue cooling long after slurry injection. Slurry temperature affects the rate of tissue cooling. In swine, when 30 ml slurry injection at −3.5°C was compared to 15 ml slurry injection at −4.8°C (both with the same total ice content), the latter led to almost twice faster tissue cooling. NMR showed a large decrease in diffusion upon lipid crystallization; saturated lipids with higher freezing temperatures were more susceptible to solidification after ice‐slurry injection.ConclusionsTotal injected ice content determines both the volume of tissue treated by cryolipolysis and the cooling duration after slurry injection, while slurry temperature affects the cooling rate. Lipid saturation, which varies with diet and anatomic location, also has an important influence.
Silk Fabric Decorated with Thermo‐Sensitive Hydrogel for Sustained Release of Paracetamol
Authors: Qiao Na , Zhang Yufan , Fang Ying , Deng Heli , Zhang Desuo , Lin Hong , Chen Yuyue , Yong Ken Tye , Xiong Jiaqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParacetamol is a safe and widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, however, with the drawbacks of gastrointestinal first‐pass effect and short intervals of administration. Transdermal drug delivery system can effectively avoid the liver metabolism caused by excess oral ingestion of paracetamol. Herein, a silk fabric‐based medical dressing decorated by a thermo‐responsive hydrogel for sustained release of paracetamol is proposed. Genipin as a bio‐safe cross‐linker is applied to assist gelation of a thermo‐responsive hydrogel system coupled with chitosan and glycerol‐phosphate disodium salt around body temperature (37 °C), as well as densifying the microporous gel to improve mechanical strength. The in situ sol–gel transition enabled hydrogel well penetrate and coat the silk fabric, forming a hierarchical hydrogel structure capable of prolonging the sustained release of drug to 12 h, twice as long as a blank fabric. The silk fabric with a thin gel coating maintains a good water vapor transmission rate, compatible for skin contact application. The drug release properties can be tuned by regulating the genipin content and fabric braiding structure. The silk fabric dressing exhibits temperature‐dependent instant release behavior within the first 2 h. The sustained release mechanism of paracetamol well matches with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model in a non‐Fickian diffusion.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Demonstrates the Regulation of Peach Polysaccharides on Circadian Rhythm Disturbance
Authors: Sun Qiaoyu , Xu Wenqing , Liu Yanan , Zhan Shengnan , Shao Xingfeng , Wu Zufang , Weng Peifang , Cheng Kejun , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2022

ScopePlant polysaccharides are thought to have a prebiotic effect, promoting the growth of probiotics, which may regulate circadian rhythms. This study evaluates the regulation of peach polysaccharides (PPS) on circadian rhythm disturbance through intestinal microbiota by a mouse model.Methods and resultsPPS is administered to mice with circadian rhythm disturbance for 4 weeks. The study finds that PPS ameliorated the structural disorder of intestinal microbiota induced by continuous darkness, decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), thereby regulating furfural degradation, penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis, and antibiotic biosynthesis. Single‐cell transcriptomics is used to determine the type of hypothalamus cells and the expression of clock genes in mice, showing that the number of astrocytes and oligoendrocytes cells in the hypothalamus of the transplanted mice is up‐regulated, and the expression of neuroprotective genes such as Sox9 and Mobp increased. In addition, clock genes such as Cry2 and Per3 show significant callback.ConclusionThis study shows that PPS can ameliorate the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and cell dysfunction caused by circadian rhythm disorder, suggesting that PPS is a feasible strategy for the prevention and treatment of circadian rhythm disorder and related cognitive impairment.
Resveratrol Attenuates Mast Cell Mediated Allergic Reactions: Potential for Use as a Nutraceutical in Allergic Diseases?
Authors: Civelek Mehtap , Bilotta Sabrina , Lorentz Axel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAllergic diseases are one of the most common health disorders affecting about 30% of the world population. Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells of allergic reactions by releasing proinflammatory mediators including histamine, lipid mediators, and cytokines/chemokines. Natural substances like secondary plant substances such as resveratrol (RESV), which can contribute to prevention and treatment of diseases, are becoming increasingly interesting for use as nutraceuticals. In this review, the anti‐inflammatory effects of RESV on MC‐mediated allergic reactions in vitro and in vivo models are summarized. The studies indicate that RESV inhibits MC degranulation, synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites, expression of cytokines and chemokines as well as activation of signal molecules involved in proinflammatory mechanisms. Also, beneficial impacts by this polyphenol are reported in randomized controlled trials with allergic rhinitis patients. Although it cannot yet be concluded that RESV can be used successfully in allergy patients in general, there are many results that indicate a possible role for RESV for use as an anti‐inflammatory nutraceutical. However, strategies to favorably influence the poor bioavailability of RESV would be helpful.
A broadband antimetal UHF tag antenna based on symmetric resonator structures
Authors: Chen Dehuai , Wang Jian , Jiang Zheng , Qian Libo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel broadband ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna attached to the metallic surface is proposed in this paper. A rectangular wide slot combined with a U‐shaped thin slot outside is adopted in the proposed antenna, and the size of the patch can be reduced by adjusting the length of the U‐shaped slot. Furthermore, a pair of symmetric resonator structures inside the rectangular slot are connected to both ends of the chip, which can excite a new resonant mode to broaden the frequency band. All the structures above are realized by etching rectangular slits on the same surface. The antenna has the advantages of wideband, simple processing, and good reading distance, and the 10 dB bandwidth of the antenna is 30 MHz (from 895 to 925 MHz), with a maximum directional gain of −3.5 dB. The reading distance can reach more than 5.4 m on a metallic surface.
A novel bone suppression algorithm in intensity‐based 2D/3D image registration for real‐time tumor motion monitoring: Development and phantom‐based validation
Authors: Gulyas Ingo , Trnkova Petra , Knäusl Barbara , Widder Joachim , Georg Dietmar , Renner Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundReal‐time tumor motion monitoring (TMM) is a crucial process for intra‐fractional respiration management in lung cancer radiotherapy. Since the tumor can be partly or fully located behind the ribs, the TMM is challenging.PurposeThe aim of this work was to develop a bone suppression (BS) algorithm designed for real‐time 2D/3D marker‐less TMM to increase the visibility of the tumor when overlapping with bony structures and consequently to improve the accuracy of TMM.MethodA BS method was implemented in the in‐house developed software for ultrafast intensity‐based 2D/3D tumor registration (Fast Image‐based Registration [FIRE]). The method operates on both, digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) and intra‐fractional X‐ray images. The bony structures are derived from computed tomography data by thresholding during ray‐casting, and the resulting bone DRR is subtracted from intra‐fractional X‐ray images to obtain a soft‐tissue‐only image for subsequent tumor registration. The accuracy of TMM utilizing BS was evaluated within a retrospective phantom study with nine different 3D‐printed tumor phantoms placed in the in‐house developed Advanced Radiation DOSimetry (ARDOS) breathing phantom. A 24 mm craniocaudal tumor motion, including rib eclipses, was simulated, and X‐ray images were acquired on the Elekta Versa HD Linac in the lateral and posterior–anterior directions. An error assessment for BS images was evaluated with respect to the ground truth tumor position.ResultsA total error (root mean square error) of 0.87 ± 0.23 mm and 1.03 ± 0.26 mm was found for posterior–anterior and lateral imaging; the mean time for BS was 8.03 ± 1.54 ms. Without utilizing BS, TMM failed in all X‐ray images since the registration algorithm focused on the rib position due to the predominant intensity of this tissue within DRR and X‐ray images.ConclusionThe BS algorithm developed and implemented improved the accuracy, robustness, and stability of real‐time TMM in lung cancer in a phantom study, even in the case of rib interlude where normal tumor registration fails.
COVID‐19 seroprevalence and clinical picture in Swedish pediatric oncology and hematology patients
Authors: Sundberg Emil , Hoffman Tove , Nilsson Anna , Pahnke Simon , Enblad Gunilla , Kolstad Linda , Rönnberg Bengt , Lundkvist Åke , Torkki Milla , Zhou Otto , Anderson Jenna , Harila‐Saari Arja , Palle Josefine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren develop symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) more rarely than adults upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Pediatric oncology and hematology patients may be at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 due to their underlying disease or treatment. We investigated COVID‐19 and seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, respectively, in a Swedish cohort of pediatric oncology and hematology patients.ProcedurePatients (n = 136) were recruited between June 2020 and September 2021 at Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden. Up to six consecutive blood samples per patient were analyzed for wild‐type anti‐S1 IgM and IgG antibodies (including after vaccination, n = 4). Clinical data on COVID‐19 (including polymerase chain reaction [PCR] test results) were collected from electronic medical records. A questionnaire was completed at recruitment.ResultsA cumulative seroprevalence (IgM and IgG) of 33% (45/136 patients, 95% confidence interval: 25%–41%) was observed in this patient cohort, of whom 66% (90/136 patients) were under severe immunosuppressive treatment during the study period. Increasing patient age (p = .037) and PCR test results (p < .002) were associated with seropositivity in nonvaccinated cases. Most seropositive, nonvaccinated cases (32/43, 74%) were never PCR‐verified for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Of the 13 patients with PCR‐verified infection, nine (69%) reported mild disease. A majority (63%) reported continued school attendance during the pandemic.ConclusionsSwedish pediatric oncology and hematology patients developed antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2, despite their diagnosis and/or treatment, and the observed seroprevalence was similar to that in national pediatric outpatients. PCR‐verified cases underestimate the true incidence of COVID‐19 in this patient cohort.
Thermal, structural, and rheological modifications in recycled polyethylene terephthalate for a sustainable alternative source for additive manufacturing
Authors: Patra Nikhil Ram , Negi Yuvraj Singh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work reports the thermal, rheological, and crystallographic structural behavior of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) derived from bottle waste. The intent is to optimize it to an upcoming source for additive manufacturing by modulating its behavior using a chain extender triphenyl phosphite (TPP), nanofiller montmorillonite (MMT K‐10), and catalyst antimony trioxide (Sb2O3). FT‐IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis showed an increase in absorbance due to the Sb2O3. The thermal analysis of the rPET using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ascertains a 10°C decrease in Tg with a substantial increase in the degradation onset of 7°C due to MMT content. The melt flow index (MFI) study showed an increase with a similar range in intrinsic viscosity and weight average molecular weight (Mw) due to the additives. The percentage crystallinity, interlayer distance, and average crystallite size are determined and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and DSC curves. The results are within the comparative range of both tests. The presence of Sb2O3 with higher MMT content showed agglomeration, and increased TPP showed low crystalline properties. These results provide that rPET can be altered to manufacture feedstock to suit different 3D printing techniques for prototyping.
Assessing the application of spot spray in Nanguo pear orchards: Effect of nozzle type, spray volume rate and adjuvant
Authors: Guo Shuang , Yao Weixiang , Xu Tongyu , Ma Hui , Sun Mujun , Chen Chunling , Lan Yubin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAerial spray is one of the most important applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture. This work aimed to promote the use of UAVs as an alternative to knapsack electric sprayers in pesticide application in Nanguo pear orchards planted in mountain terraced orchard scenarios. The spray deposition of four types of nozzles (SX110015, XR80015, IDK90015 and TR80015), two spray volume rates (45 and 90 L ha−1) and with or without a commercial surfactant adjuvant were evaluated based on the spot spray mode.RESULTSThe air‐ assisted IDK90015 nozzle showed significantly higher deposition and penetration, and its large droplet size also reduced the risk of drift. Increasing the spray volume rate can increase the amount of droplets deposition. The adjuvant showed excellent potential to improve spray technology in Nanguo pear trees, with a mean deposition of 0.175–0.574 μL cm−2 and penetration of 3.09–66.73%. The droplet size also increased significantly, with volume median diameter (DV0.5) of 469 μm.CONCLUSIONThe nozzle type, spray volume rate and adjuvant should be well considered when using the spot spray in orchard. Compared with increasing spray volume rate, the use of air‐induction nozzles and surfactant‐based adjuvants can improve the spray deposition better. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Copper oxide nanostructures as a potential method for control of zucchini yellow mosaic virus in squash
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Behiry Said I. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Abdelfatah Mahmoud , Ismail Sherin , Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDZucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infects cucurbits and has been identified as a major limiting factor in their production. The purpose of this study was to create copper oxide nanostructures (CONS) to control ZYMV in squash plants. Protection of squash against ZYMV was assessed in terms of virus severity, ZYMV concentration, transcription of pathogenesis‐related genes and growth enhancement of treated squash.RESULTSThe findings revealed that squash plants treated with CONS had a significant reduction in disease severity when compared with untreated plants. In squash plants treated with CONS, defense genes associated with the salicylic acid signaling pathway were strongly expressed compared with untreated plants. The structural characteristics of CONS, such as their small size and appropriate shape, added to their excellent anti‐ZYMV efficacy. CONS‐treated squash plants show significantly improved growth traits compared with untreated plants.CONCLUSIONBased on the results of this study, CONS may be a new strategy for the control of ZYMV in squash. This represents an unconventional solution to control this virus, particularly as no chemical pesticides can control viral diseases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.