bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Consortia: an Engineering Tool to Mitigate the Clubroot Incidence on Chinese Cabbage by Reshaping the Rhizosphere Microbiome
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Dai Zhenlin , Ahmed Waqar , Zhou Xinghai , He Zulei , Wei Lanfang , Ji Guanghai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a serious threat to Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) production, which results in extensive yield losses. At present, clubroot control mainly depends on pesticides that have food safety concerns, and the application of sole biocontrol agents cannot successfully control the disease. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol effect of Bacillus cereus BT-23, Lysobacter antibioticus 13-6, and Lysobacter capsici ZST1-2 as sole strains, intra-/inter-genus co-culture, and microbial consortia on clubroot disease, plant growth, and rhizosphere bacterial diversity in a field experiment. This study showed that the application of microbial consortia efficiently controls the incidence of clubroot disease with a biocontrol effect of about 65.78% by decreasing the soil acidity and enhancing the yield (2909.8 Kg/666.67 m2). Alleviation of soil acidity results in the abundance and improved activity of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage. High throughput sequencing results demonstrated that bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were present in high relative abundance in the rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage. The application of microbial consortia recovers the imbalance of indigenous micro-ecology and alters the diversity and structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Therefore, we conclude that microbial consortia can reduce the clubroot incidence on Chinese cabbage by reshaping the rhizosphere microbiome and decreasing the soil acidity. This study suggested microbial consortia as a new engineering tool to control devastating soilborne disease in commercial crops.
Image-guided LINAC radiosurgery in hypothalamic hamartomas.
Authors: Romanelli Pantaleo , Tuniz Francesco , Fabbro Sara , Beltramo Giancarlo , Conti Alfredo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose. Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are benign brain tumors that are associated with mild to severe drug-refractory epilepsy. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging non-invasive option for the treatment of small and medium-sized HH, providing excellent seizure outcomes without neurological complications. Here, we report our experience treating HH with LINAC image-guided SRS.Methods. We retrospectively collected clinical and neuroradiological data of ten subjects with HH-related epilepsy that underwent frameless image-guided SRS.Results. All patients underwent single-fraction SRS using a mean prescribed dose of 16.27 Gy. The median prescription isodose was 79%. The mean target volume was 0.64 cc. Eight patients experienced complete or near complete seizure freedom (Engel class I and II). Five patients achieved complete seizure control within 4 to 18 months after the treatment. Four patients achieved Engel class II outcome, with stable results. One patient had a reduction of seizure burden superior to 50% (Engel class III). One patient had no benefit at all (Engel class IV) and refused further treatments. Overall, at the last follow-up, three patients experience class I, five class II, one class III and one class IV outcome. Six patients experienced major neuropsychological improvement. No neurological complications were reported.Conclusions. Image-guided frameless LINAC SRS provides excellent seizure and long-term neuropsychosocial outcome, without the risks of neurological complications inherently associated with microsurgical resection.
Surface albedo decreases from anthropogenic impacts over High Mountain Asia with implications of positive radiative forcing feedbacks
Authors: Maina Fadji Zaouna , Kumar Sujay V. , Gangodagamage Chandana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human and climate induced land surface changes resulting from irrigation, snow cover decreases, and greening impact the radiative forcing by changing the surface albedo. Here we use a partial information decomposition approach and remote sensing data to quantify the effects of the changes in leaf area index, soil moisture, and snow cover on the surface albedo in High Mountain Asia (HMA), home to over a billion people, from 2003 to 2020. The study establishes strong evidence of anthropogenic agricultural water use over irrigated lands (e.g., Ganges-Brahmaputra) which causes the highest surface albedo decreases (£1%/year). Greening and decreased snow cover from warming also drive changes in visible and near-infrared surface albedo in different areas of HMA. The significant role of human management and human-induced greening in influencing albedo suggests the potential of a positive feedback cycle where albedo decreases lead to increased evaporative demand and increased stress on water resources.
Awareness and Knowledge of The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act Among People At Risk of Witnessing an Overdose in British Columbia, Canada: A Multi-Methods Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ackermann Emma , Kievit Brad , Xavier Jessica , Barbic Skye , Ferguson Max , Greer Alissa , Loyal Jackson , Mamdani Zahra , Palis Heather , Pauly Bernie , Slaunwhite Amanda , Buxton Jane A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Bystanders to drug overdoses often avoid or delay calling 9-1-1 and cite fear of police involvement as a main reason. In 2017, the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (GSDOA) was enacted by the Canadian government to provide people present at an overdose with legal protection from charges for simple drug possession, and conditions stemming from simple possession. Few studies have taken a multi-methods approach to evaluating the GSDOA. We used quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to explore awareness, understanding, and perceptions of the GSDOA in people at risk of witnessing an overdose.MethodsQuantitative cross-sectional surveys and qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with adults and youth at risk of witnessing an overdose across British Columbia. Cross-sectional survey participants were recruited at 19 Take Home Naloxone sites and online through Foundry. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed hierarchically to determine factors associated with GSDOA awareness. Telephone interview participants were recruited by research assistants with lived/living experience of substance use. Deductive and inductive thematic analyses were conducted to identify major themes.ResultsOverall, 52.7% (n = 296) of the quantitative study sample (N = 453) reported being aware of the GSDOA. In multivariable analysis, cellphone possession (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36, 3.54) and having recently witnessed an opioid overdose (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.45, 3.80) were positively associated with GSDOA awareness. Young adults (25–34 years) were more likely to be aware of the Act (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.11, 3.98) compared to youth (16–24 years). Qualitative interviews (N = 42) revealed that many overestimated the protections offered by the GSDOA. To increase awareness and knowledge of the Act among youth, participants recommended adding the GSDOA to school curricula and using social media. Word of mouth was suggested to reach adults.ConclusionBoth awareness and knowledge of the GSDOA remain low in BC, with many overestimating the protections the Act offers. Dissemination efforts should be led by people with lived/living experience and should target those with limited awareness and understanding of the Act as misunderstandings can erode trust in law enforcement and harm reduction policy.
Coexpression of LAG-3 and PD-L1 in tumor infiltrating immune cells predicts worse outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Jung Soo Jin , Seo Won Ik , Chung Jae Il , Lee Dae Sim , Jeong Dae Hoon , Jeon Youkyoung , Choi Inhak 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) protein is a potential immune checkpoint target for cancer treatment. Thus, we investigated LAG-3 expression and its prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and correlated LAG-3 expression with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays incorporating 134 ccRCC primary excision specimens. The study patients were analyzed as two groups: the whole cohort and those with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). LAG-3 expression was significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression in the whole cohort and in the mRCC group (all, p < 0.05). Both LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁺ RCC in the whole cohort presented with a higher TNM stage and higher Fuhrman nuclear grade (all, p < 0.05). According to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk classification, there were more intermediate- and poor-risk patients in both LAG-3⁺ mRCC and PD-L1⁺ mRCC than LAG-3⁻ mRCC and PD-L1⁻ mRCC (all, p < 0.05). PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ RCC in the whole cohort showed poorer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ RCC (all, p = 0.01). Similarly, PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ mRCC showed poorer CSS than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ mRCC (all, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC (hazard ratio: 3.19; p = 0.033) was a predictor of poor CSS. Our findings provided a scientific rationale for LAG-3 blockade in combination with programmed cell death 1/PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic approach for RCC.
Integrated Periodic Outreach Strategy to Improve Maternal and Child health Service Access Among Hard- to-Reach Areas in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Zergu Tafesse , Sinamo Tadelech , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Beshir Ismael Ali , Abawollo Hailemariam Segni 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The inequities that exist in healthcare for hard-to-reach areas have serious implications on the prevention and control of diseases. Rural populations who are pastoralists, seasonally mobile, or simply live far from facilities within the national infrastructure are among the hard-to-reach population groups. The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care Activity initiated the integrated periodic outreach service (IPOS) strategy to address inequities in healthcare. The aim of this assessment was to identify the contributions of the IPOS strategy on facilitating access to healthcare for hard-to-reach areas.
Methods
A managerial and health facility level cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative data collections were carried out.
Results
The average number of hard-to-reach kebeles among IPOS implementing higher tier health facilities (HFs) was found to be 6, and from these 87% were targeted for the IPOS strategy. Having no HFs nearby, shortage of transport services, security issues, and the nature of pastoralist communities are some of the potential reasons for the requirement of IPOS. Preparatory activities like training, microplanning, and community mobilization were conducted before the actual implementation of the sessions. Integrated reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health-nutrition (RMNCAH-N) services were then provided for women and children. There was community acceptance for all services provided and service utilization was high. There has been a progressive improvement of coverage of maternal and child health services between 2017 and 2020 among IPOS implementing districts (woredas) and HFs. Lack of adequate transport and logistical constraints are among the major challenges of IPOS implementation. Forty percent of districts and 20% of health centers (HCs) have since conducted IPOS using their own budgets.
Conclusion
IPOS has contributed to the improvement of maternal and child health services in hard-to-teach communities and scale up of the strategy is recommended. Lack of transport is a major barrier to IOPS implementation and support for districts is necessary. Ensuring the sustainability and ownership of IPOS implementation by making it part of annual district-based planning exercises is recommended. Community engagement is also critical for the effective implementation of IPOS.
Development Of A Scoring System With Multidimensional Markers For Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Shi Shenyun , Chen Lulu , Liu Xiaoqin , Yu Min , Wu Chao , Xiao Yonglong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) can cause high mortality and sensitive evaluation of fibrosing ILD could be critical. The aim of this study is to develop a scoring system to predict prognosis of fibrosing ILD. We retrospectively reviewed 339 fibrosing ILD patients admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from February 2017 to February 2020. All patients were followed up until September 2020. Cox multiple regression analysis indicated that smoking history (HR=3.826, P=0.001),age(HR=1.043,P=0.015),CEA(HR=1.059,P=0.049),CYFRA21-1(HR=1.177, P=0.004) and DLCO% predicted (HR=0.979,P=0.032) were independent prognostic factors for fibrosing ILD. The clinical scoring system for fibrosing ILD was established based on the clinical variables (age [A], CEA and CYFRA21-1 [C], DLCO% predicted [D], and smoking history [S]; ACDS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the scoring system for predicting prognosis of fibrosing ILD was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.87-0.94, P<0.001). The cutoff value was 2.5 with their corresponding specificity (91.1%) and sensitivity (77.5%). Correlation analyses showed that the increased age, CEA and CYFRA21-1 were significantly correlated with decreased DLCO%predicted (P<0.001, P=0.028, P<0.001, respectively). The independent risk factors for mortality in patients with fibrosing ILD are higher CEA, higher CYFRA21-1, smoking history, lower DLCO%predicted at baseline and older age. ACDS is a simple and feasible clinical model for predicting survival of fibrosing ILD.
Enhanced procedures for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Bamou Roland , Costa Monique Melo , Diarra Adama Zan , Martins Ademir Jesus , Parola Philippe , Almeras Lionel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. The increasing interest in arthropod identification by MALDI-TOF MS conducted to the emergence of heterogenic procedures, including sample preparation and selection of body parts to use. The absence of a consensual strategy hampers direct inter-studies comparisons and brings confusion to new users. Establishing optimized procedures and standardized protocols for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS becomes compulsory, allowing notably the sharing of reference MS databases. Objective. Then, here, we propose to assess the optimal conditions for mosquito identification using MALDI-TOF MS profiling. Methods. Three homogenization methods, two manuals and one automatic, applied on three distinct body parts, legs, thorax and head, were evaluated on two mosquito laboratory strains, Anopheles coluzzii and Aedes aegypti. MS profiles reproducibility, identification rate with relevant scores and the suitable procedures for high-throughput analyses were the main criteria for establishing optimized guidelines. Additionally, the consequences of blood feeding and geographical origin were evaluated using both laboratory strain and field collected mosquitoes. Results. The three body parts exhibited relevant score values for mosquito identification using MALDI-TOF MS profiling; however, thorax and legs appeared the most suitable, independently of homogenization methods or species. Although manual grindings displayed high identification performance for the three body parts, this homogenization mode is not adapted to process a large number of samples. Then, the automatic procedure was selected as the reference homogenization method. Blood feeding status did not hamper the identification of mosquito species, despite the presence of MS peaks from blood origin in MS profiles from three body parts tested on both species. Finally, a significant improvement in identification scores was obtained for specimens from the field when MS spectra of species from the same geographical area were added to the database. Conclusion. The present work established guidelines concerning the selection of mosquito anatomic part and modality of sample preparation (e.g., homogenization) for future specimen identification by MALDI-TOF MS profiling. These standardized operational protocols could be used as references for creating an international MS database.
Selection of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes For Gene Therapy In Krabbe Patient IPSCs-Derived NSCs
Authors: Tian Guoshuai , Cao Chunyu , Li Shuyue , Wang Wei , Zhang Ye , Lv Yafeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Krabbe disease is caused by the mutation or deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, which is located in the lysosome and hydrolyzes the galactolipid substrates like psychosine. Psychosine would accumulate abnormally in the myelin forming cells and result in demyelination in the nervous systems with the clinical symptoms of spastic paraparesis and seizures. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a well-established and safe viral vector for gene delivery. However, effective AAV serotype for the transduction of the human neural stem cells (NSCs) has not been identified. Here, we screened a variety of AAV serotypes to transduce NSCs-related disease model induced by Krabbe patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiation. It has been found that AAV2 has a higher transduction effect for NSCs, and AAV2 carrying GALC gene rescued the GALC enzymatic activity of Krabbe NSCs. Our findings established Krabbe patient iPSCs-derived NSCs as a new model for study the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease, and also demonstrated the potential of using AAV2 as a vector in gene therapy for Krabbe disease, which also proved the potential of AAV in devising gene therapy strategies for the treatment of genetic neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison of a GH74 xyloglucanase and its CBM-deleted variant from Thielavia terrestris and their roles in xyloglucan-rich biomass degradation
Authors: Wang Beibei , Chen Kaixiang , Zhang Peiyu , Long Liangkun , Ding Shaojun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The hydrolysis of lignocellulose was greatly hindered by the associated hemicellulose. Xyloglucan (XG) is a major complex hemicellulose in the primary plant cell wall, however, the blocking effect of xyloglucan on lignocellulose biodegradation was still less understood compared with xylan and mannan. Glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) enzymes are specific xyloglucanases widely distributed in bacteria and fungi. Fungal GH74 xyloglucanases generally contains family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM1), but its effect on the enzymatic properties of GH74 xyloglucanases and its roles in xyloglucan-rich biomass degradation has not been investigated in depth.
Results
TtGH74 and CBM-deleted variant (TtGH74ΔCBM) from Thielavia terrestris had the same optimum temperature and pH, but TtGH74ΔCBM had higher thermostability. TtGH74 displayed high binding affinity on xyloglucan and cellulose, while TtGH74ΔCBM almost completely lost the adsorption capacity on cellulose. Their hydrolysis action alone or combined with other glycoside hydrolases on the free XG, xyloglucan-coated phosphoric acid swollen cellulose or pretreated corn bran and apple pomace was compared in this study. CBM1 might not be essential for hydrolysis of free XG, but effective for the associated XG to some extent. TtGH74 was more effective in hydrolysis of xyloglucan in corn bran, while TtGH74ΔCBM showed relatively higher catalytic activity on apple pomace. Similar phenomenon was also observed when TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM synergistically acting with CBH1/EG1 mixture. The addition of TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM in CBH1/EG1 mixture significantly facilitated the overall hydrolysis of pretreated corn bran and apple pomace by 1.22–2.02 folds in terms of the degree of synergy. The extra addition of GH10 xylanase in TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM /CBH1/EG1 mixture further improved the overall hydrolysis efficiency, and the degree of synergy was up to 1.50–2.16 because of co-existence of xyloglucan and xylan in pretreated corn bran and apple pomace.
Conclusions
TtGH74 can remove the bound xyloglucan on cellulose, therefore efficiently boost the hydrolysis of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass by synergistic action with cellulase and xylanase. The presence of CBM1 in TtGH74 is conducive to enzymatic hydrolysis, but its role and significance is substrate-specific due to the differences of xyloglucan contents and structure in various biomasses.
A comparison of well-being of carers of people with dementia and their ability to manage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the IDEAL study
Authors: Gamble Laura D , Parker Sophie , Quinn Catherine , Bennett Holly Q , Martyr Anthony , Sabatini Serena , Pentecost Claire , Collins Rachel , Dawson Eleanor , Hunt Anna , Allan Louise , Burns Alistair , Litherland Rachael , Victor Christina , Matthews Fiona E , Clare Linda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Lockdown and social restriction measures imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom impacted on carers of people with dementia, limiting their access to support services and increasing perceived burden of caring. Few studies have compared data collected during the pandemic and data collected before the pandemic to examine the effect of these changes.
Objective
To explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the well-being of carers of people with dementia, and their ability to cope with their caring responsibilities.
Methods
Carers of people with dementia living in the community who were enrolled in the IDEAL programme were split into two groups matched on demographic characteristics: the ‘pre-pandemic group’ (n = 312), assessed at two time points prior to the pandemic, and the ‘pandemic group’, assessed prior to and several months into the pandemic (n = 156). Self-report measures of carer well-being, quality of life, coping, perceived competence and role captivity were completed.
Results
Compared to the pre-pandemic group, those in the pandemic group appeared to cope better and had more stable self-rated competency and role captivity. They did not differ in terms of well-being or quality of life.
Conclusion
Despite reports of negative impacts on carers early in the pandemic, our findings suggest the pandemic had little negative longer-term impact on carers of people with dementia, and in fact they appeared to have a more positive attitude towards coping several months into the pandemic.
The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Quality of Life Among Students of the Syrian Private University
Authors: A.Kadri Saeed , Albakri Ezat , Bakkar Batoul , Mohsen Fatema , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in the world. It has negative impacts, including complications, and comorbidities, all negatively impacting one’s quality of life.Aims: The current study aims to determine the prevalence of AR among students at Syrian Private University.Methods:A cross-sectional was conducted at the Syrian Private University. The survey included questions about demographics and two allergy-specific questionnaires, the mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire and the activity impairment plus classroom impairment questionnaire. The mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire was translated to Arabic language and then validated via Cronbach's alpha test.Results:Most participants were male 197(54%), residents of Damascus/ Rural Damascus 321(87%), and smokers 208(56%). Their ages ranged from 19-32 years, with a mean of 21.7 (±1.91) years. The prevalence of students diagnosed with AR was 115(31.1%). Total loss of academic attendance was 12.1%, whereas the impairment of academic productivity was 21.8%Conclusion:Almost a third of the sample has allergic rhinitis, and a fifth reported impaired academic productivity, consequently exerting burdens upon students' lives. Further studies are required to evaluate the causes and establish effective management plans.