bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ag/ZnO-AC composite photocatalyst: spectroscopic investigation, parameter optimization, synergistic effect and performance enhancement for cost-effective photocatalytic degradation of phenols and dyes
Authors: Shintre Surabhi N. , Wadhai Sachin , Thakur Pragati 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A ternary photocatalyst composite-Silver decorated on ZnO supported with activated carbon (Ag/ZnO-AC) was investigated for the synthesis, characterization and UV assisted photocatalytic degradation of phenols and dyes present in wastewater. XPS and TEM revealed the elemental composition and formation of ternary Ag/ZnO-AC composite. Different operational parameters including the effect of calcination temperature, catalyst dose, initial concentration of pollutant and the effect of H2O2 and ethanol were studied. The photocatalytic activity was assessed for the degradation of p-Nitrophenol (PNP), o-Nitrophenol (ONP), and dye methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation by ZnO, Ag/ZnO and Ag/ZnO-AC catalyst. The degradation for PNP, ONP and MO in presence of UV light were found to be in the order Ag/ZnO-AC&gt;Ag/ZnO&gt;ZnO. Improved degradation by Ag/ZnO-AC is attributed to high charge separation and greater adsorption of pollutant because of the combination of Ag and AC leading to a synergistic effect in the catalyst. Along with the high reusability, the composite catalyst Ag/ZnO-AC was found to be non-selective and cost-effective for the degradation of phenols as well as dyes. The as synthesized ternary composite Ag/ZnO-AC can be efficiently used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of recalcitrant and other deleterious contaminants present in wastewater.
Homomultimer Strategy for Improvement of Radiolabeled Peptides
and Antibody Fragments in Tumor Targeting
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
A homomultimeric radioligand is composed of multiple identical ligands connected
to the linker and radionuclide to detect a variety of overexpressed receptors on
cancer cells. Multimer strategy holds great potential for introducing new radiotracers
based on peptide and monoclonal antibody (mAb) derivatives in molecular imaging and
therapy. It offers a reliable procedure for the preparation of biological-based targeting
with diverse affinities and pharmacokinetics. In this context, we provide a useful summary
and interpretation of the main results by a comprehensive look at multimeric radiopharmaceuticals
in nuclear oncology. Therefore, explanations for the strategy mechanisms
and the main variables affecting the biodistribution results will be explained. The
discussion is followed by highlights of recent work in the targeting of various types of receptors.
The consequences are expressed based on comparing some parameters between
monomer and multimer counterparts in each relevant section.
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined
with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory
Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-
Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Di Stadio Arianna , D’Ascanio Luca , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Cantone Elena , De Luca Pietro , Cingolani Cristina , Motta Gaetano , De Riu Giacomo , Vitelli Federica , Spriano Giuseppe , De Vincentiis Marco , Camaioni Angelo , La Mantia Ignazio , Ferreli Fabio , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Olfactory training is the only evidence-based treatment for post-viral olfactory
dysfunction. Smell disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been attributed to neuroinflammatory
events within the olfactory bulb and the central nervous system. Therefore, targeting
neuroinflammation is one potential strategy for promoting recovery from post-COVID-19 chronic
olfactory dysfunction. Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (PEA-LUT) are candidate antiinflammatory/
neuroprotective agents.

Objective:
To investigate recovery of olfactory function in patients treated with PEA-LUT oral supplements
plus olfactory training versus olfactory training plus placebo.

Methods:
Multicenter double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was held. Eligible
subjects had prior COVID-19 and persistent olfactory impairment >6 months after follow-up
SARS-CoV-2 negative testing, without prior history of olfactory dysfunction or other sinonasal disorders.
Participants were randomized to daily oral supplementation with ultramicronized PEA-LUT
770 mg plus olfactory training (intervention group) or olfactory training with placebo (control).
Sniffin’ Sticks assessments were used to test the patients at baseline and 90 days.

Results:
A total of 185 patients, including intervention (130) and control (55) were enrolled. The intervention
group showed significantly greater improvement in olfactory threshold, discrimination,
and identification scores compared to controls (p=0.0001). Overall, 92% of patients in the intervention
group improved versus 42% of controls. Magnitude of recovery was significantly greater in the
intervention group versus control (12.8 + 8.2 versus mean 3.2 + 3), with >10-fold higher prevalence
of anosmia in control versus intervention groups at the 90-day endpoint.

Conclusion:
Among individuals with olfactory dysfunction post-COVID-19, combining PEA-LUT
with olfactory training resulted in greater recovery of smell than olfactory training alone.
Viruses Broaden the Definition of Life by Genomic Incorporation of Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning Processes
Authors: Stefano George B. , Kream Richard M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Viruses have been classified as non-living because they require a cellular host to support
their replicative processes. Empirical investigations have significantly advanced our understanding of
the many strategies employed by viruses to usurp and divert host regulatory and metabolic processes to
drive the synthesis and release of infectious particles. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has permitted us to evaluate and discuss a potentially novel classification of viruses as living entities. The ability of SARS CoV-2 to engender comprehensive regulatory control of integrative cellular processes is
strongly suggestive of an inherently dynamic informational registry that is programmatically encoded
by linear ssRNA sequences responding to distinct evolutionary constraints. Responses to positive evolutionary constraints have resulted in a single-stranded RNA viral genome that occupies a threedimensional space defined by conserved base-paring resulting from a complex pattern of both secondary and tertiary structures. Additionally, regulatory control of virus-mediated infectious processes relies on extensive protein-protein interactions that drive conformational matching and shape recognition
events to provide a functional link between complementary viral and host nucleic acid and protein domains. We also recognize that the seamless integration of complex replicative processes is highly dependent on the precise temporal matching of complementary nucleotide sequences and their corresponding structural and non-structural viral proteins. Interestingly, the deployment of concerted transcriptional and translational activities within targeted cellular domains may be modeled by artificial intelligence (AI) strategies that are inherently fluid, self-correcting, and adaptive at accommodating temporal changes in host defense mechanisms. An in-depth understanding of multiple self-correcting AIassociated viral processes will most certainly lead to novel therapeutic development platforms, notably
the design of efficacious neuropharmacological agents to treat chronic CNS syndromes associated with
long-COVID. In summary, it appears that viruses, notably SARS-CoV-2, are very much alive due to
acquired genetic advantages that are intimately entrained to existential host processes via evolutionarily constrained AI-associated learning paradigms.
Anticancer Mechanism of D-limonene: An Updated Review and Therapeutic
Possibilities
Authors: Parija Tithi , Mandal Deepa 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Despite remarkable advancement in screening, diagnosis, and treatment
modalities, cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally. Chemoprevention is considered
to be a potential strategy for dealing with cancer incidence and mortality. The present demand
for a less toxic well-tolerated natural anticancer compound that can be used for chemoprevention
has drawn the attention towards D-limonene, which is a monocyclic monoterpene found in citrus
oil. In recent years several in vitro and in vivo studies have supported the anticancer potential of
D-limonene in various cancers. Although these studies have highlighted its course of action through
immune modulation, anti-oxidant activity, apoptosis, autophagy, etc. various scientific pieces of
evidence support the fact that it targets multiple pathways to inhibit cancer.

Objective:
The current review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity
of D-limonene and discusses its potential as a cost-effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic
drug alone or in combination with other drugs.

Methods:
Scientific databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, PubMed
Central, etc. have been used to review new insights into the anticancer mechanism of D-limonene.

Conclusion:
In this review, we discussed the overall significance of the anticancer mechanisms of
D-limonene which include modulation of apoptosis, promotion of autophagy and inhibition of angiogenesis
and metastasis. D-limonene also inhibits oncogenic signaling molecules and related transcription
factors. Additionally, it also acts in combination with other anticancer compounds to
inhibit cancer.
Automated Cultivation System for Microalgae: Growth Factors and
Control
Authors: Chew Kit Wayne , Khor Jiun Gia , Lim Hooi Ren , Chia Wen Yi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Microalgae have been a hot research topic due to their various biorefinery
applications, particularly microalgae as potential alternative nutraceuticals and supplements
have a large and rapidly growing market. However, commercial production is limited due to high
processing cost, low efficiency, and scale up of biomass production.

Objective:
It is important to control the microalgae cultivation system with optimal parameters to
maximize biomass productivity. The growth factors, including pH, temperature, light intensity,
salinity, and nutrients, are discussed as these can significantly affect the cultivation. To monitor
and control these in real-time, an automated system incorporating advanced digital technologies
like sensors, controllers, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) could be applied.

Conclusion:
This perspective provides insights into the implementation of an automated microalgae
cultivation system that improves productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency.
Improved FCOS for Detecting Breast Cancers
Authors: Sun Desheng , Yuan Kehong , Wang Yingni , Lin Xiaona , Zhang Xuesheng , Ye Qingyu , Zhou Haiying , Zhang Renrong , Ge Shuang 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Breast cancer ranks first among cancers affecting women's health. Our goal is to
develop a fast, high-precision, and fully automated breast cancer detection algorithm to improve the
early detection rate of breast cancer.

Methods:
We compare different object detection algorithms, including anchor-based and anchor-free
object detection algorithms for detecting breast lesions. Finally, we find that the fully convolutional onestage
object detection (FCOS) showed the best performance in the detection of breast lesions, which is
an anchor-free algorithm. 1) Considering that the detection of breast lesions requires the context information
of the ultrasound images, we introduce the non-local technique, which models long-range dependency
between pixels to the FCOS algorithm, providing the global context information for the detection
of the breast lesions. 2) The variety of shapes and sizes of breast lesions makes detection difficult.
We propose a new deformable spatial attention (DSA) module and add it to the FCOS algorithm.

Results:
The detection performance of the original FCOS is that the average precision (AP) for benign
lesions is 0.818, and for malignant lesions is 0.888. The FCOS with a non-local module improves the
performance of the breast detection; the AP of benign lesions was 0.819, and that of malignant lesions
was 0.894. Combining the DSA module with the FCOS improves the performance of breast detection;
the AP for benign lesions and malignant lesions is 0.840 and 0.899, respectively.

Conclusion:
We propose two methods to improve the FCOS algorithm from different perspectives to
improve its performance in detecting breast lesions. We find that FCOS combined with DSA is beneficial
in improving the localization and classification of breast tumors and can provide auxiliary diagnostic
advice for ultrasound physicians, which has a certain clinical application value.
Role of Lysine-specific Demethylase 1 and Its Small Molecule Inhibitors in Glioblastoma
Multiforme Therapy
Authors: Mitra Rangan , Ayyannan Senthil Raja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most critical and aggressive carcinomas of CNS, characterised
by poor prognosis, low survival rate and difficult clinical correlations. Current treatment opportunities have
proved to be insufficient due to high chemoresistance and relapse of the disease with enhanced malignancy. Molecular
diagnostics and epigenetic profiling of GBM have discovered several signaling pathways and cellular mediators, which
play key roles in triggering GBM phenotypic manifestations via somatic and genetic aberrations and recruitment of
GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a flavin-containing oxidoreductase encoded by
the KDM1A gene and containing the unique CoREST component, is an important histone-modifying enzyme
belonging to the histone demethylase (KDM) subfamily and is responsible for master regulation of several signaling
pathways in glioma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1, either individually or in a dual-targeted approach, is a
logical strategy for the management of GBM. The current review discusses the role of LSD1 in various epigenetic
modulations in differentiated glioma cells and GSCs. The 2D and 3D structural similarities/dissimilarities between
LSD1 and MAOs have been analysed and presented along with a detailed discussion on different chemical classes of
small molecule LSD1 inhibitors (both standalone and hybrid pharmacophores) that have shown promise in GBM
chemotherapy.
Recent Insights into Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Flavonoids against
Cancer
Authors: Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Sabreen Saba , Jan Rafia , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Singh Inder Pal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites, are present in fruits, vegetables, beverages such
as wine and tea abundantly. Flavonoids exhibit a diverse array of pharmacological activities, including anticancer
activity, and are toxic to cancer cells but not harmful to healthy cells. Besides, humans and animals cannot synthesize
flavonoids, which leads to a dramatic increase in the consumption of plant flavonoids. Flavonoids consist of a 15-
carbon skeleton in C6-C3-C6 rings with divergent substitution patterns to form a series of compounds. Due to their
multi-faceted mechanism of action by modulating various signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, cellular proliferation,
inflammation, differentiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, they interrupt the initiation, promotion, and progression
of cancer. The present review highlights the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) of flavonoids and recent insights
on the progress of natural flavonoids and their synthetic analogs as prospective drug candidates against cancer,
along with molecular mechanisms of action.
Reduction of Genotoxicity of Carbamazepine to Human Lymphocytes by
Pre-treatment with Vitamin B12
Authors: Khabour Omar F. , Hendawi Eman K. , Al-Eitan Laith N. , Alzoubi Karem H. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug. Vitamin
B12 has been shown to protect against DNA damage caused by several mutagenic agents.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on CBZ-induced genotoxicity
in cultured human lymphocytes.

Methods:
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) genotoxic assays
were utilized to achieve the study objective.

Results:
The results showed significantly higher frequencies of CAs and SCEs in the CBZ-treated
cultures (12 μg/mL) compared to the control group (P<0.01). The genotoxic effects of CBZ were
reduced by pre-treatment of cultures with vitamin B12 (13.5μg/ml, P<0.05). Neither CBZ nor vitamin
B-12 showed any effects on mitotic and proliferative indices.

Conclusion:
CBZ is genotoxic to lymphocyte cells, and this genotoxicity can be reduced by vitamin
B12.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Mutants of Nsp13 Protein among Indian SARS-CoV-2 Isolates
Authors: Kumari Deepa , Kumari Namrata , Kumar Sudhir , Sinha Prabhat Kumar , Shahi Shivendra Kumar , Biswas Nihar Ranjan , Kumar Abhay 
Published: April 2022

Background:
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has mutated rapidly, enabling it to adapt and evade the immune system of the host. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with crucial mutations pose a global challenge in the context of therapeutic drugs and vaccines developing globally. There are currently no specific therapeutics or vaccines available to combat SARS-CoV-2 devastation. Concerning this, the current study aimed to identify and characterize the mutations found in the Nsp13 of SARS-CoV-2 in Indian isolates.

Methods:
In the present study, the Clustal omega tool was used for mutational analysis. The impact of mutations on protein stability, flexibility, and function was predicted using the DynaMut and PROVEAN tools. Furthermore, B-cell epitopes contributed by Nsp13 were identified using various predictive immunoinformatic tools.

Results:
Non-structural protein Nsp13 sequences from Indian isolates were analyzed by comparing them with the firstly reported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) protein sequence in Wuhan, China. Out of 825 Nsp13 protein sequences, a total of 38 mutations were observed among Indian isolates. Our data showed that mutations in Nsp13 at various positions (H164Y, A237T, T214I, C309Y, S236I, P419S, V305E, G54S, H290Y, P53S, A308Y, and A308Y) have a significant impact on the protein's stability and flexibility. Moreover, the impact of Nsp13 mutations on protein function was predicted based on the PROVEAN score that indicated 15 mutants as neutral and 23 mutants as deleterious effects. Immunological parameters of Nsp13, such as antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity, were evaluated to predict the potential B-cell epitopes. The predicted peptide sequences were correlated with the observed mutants. Our predicted data showed that there are seven high-rank linear epitopes as well as 18 discontinuous B-cell epitopes based on immunoinformatic tools. Moreover, it was observed that out of the total 38 identified mutations among Indian SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 protein, four mutant residues at positions 142 (E142), 245 (H245), 247 (V247), and 419 (P419) were localised in the predicted B cell epitopic region.

Conclusion:
Altogether, the results of the present in silico study might help to understand the impact of the identified mutations in Nsp13 protein on its stability, flexibility, and function.
CPAOR: Control Packet Aware On-demand Routing Protocol for WBANs
Authors: Raed Sara , Alabady Salah Abdulghani 
Published: April 2022

Background & Objective:
The core problem of wireless body area network (WBAN)
nodes is their limited energy resource. Thus, an energy-efficient routing protocol is crucial to this type
of network. A major drawback of current routing protocols is that they do not consider the monitoring
of a large number of patients, which may be problematic in the event of disasters. In addition, most
routing algorithms fail to consider balancing energy consumption between nodes. Furthermore, routing
overhead (RO) and reduced complexity are required in this type of network.

Methods:
In this paper, we propose a control packet aware on-demand routing (CPAOR) protocol to
overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. The proposed protocol decreases the number of control
packets and adds awareness for the transmission of control packets, which can extend the network
lifetime.

Results and Discussion:
We analyze and examine the simulation results of the CPAOR protocol using
MATLAB in terms of energy consumption, the energy factor, RO, and changing the number of
nodes to more than 60 nodes. The CPAOR protocol demonstrates an improvement of 70.9% compared
to the DMQoS, ORACE-Net, and DLQoS protocols in terms of energy consumption. This finding
proves that the CPAOR protocol is an efficient routing protocol for WBANs.

Conclusion:
The CPAOR protocol has been proven to be an effective routing protocol for WBANs.
Associations Between Addictive Behaviors, Individual Characteristics, and the Use of Gambling Services Within the World of Gaming: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Kisch Mark , Håkansson Anders 
Published: April 2022

Background
Gambling within the world of gaming is an emerging phenomenon that may share common conceptual characteristics with traditional forms of gambling. The current literature suggests a higher degree of problematic behaviors in this gambling pattern, but studies are few, prompting for further research regarding individual characteristics and comorbid conditions associated with this activity.

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate correlations between the use of gambling services within the world of gaming and individual characteristics and addictive behaviors including problem gambling.

Methods
A cross-sectional web survey was distributed to an existing panel of online respondents in Sweden. A total of 2001 respondents were included. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by a logistic regression, were used in order to determine independent variables associated with gambling in the context of gaming.

Results
A total of 2.9% (58/1984) of respondents reported past-year gambling within gaming. Significant associations were found with male sex, younger age, history of treatment-seeking for alcohol problems, and higher Gaming Addiction Scale scores.

Conclusions
The demonstrated findings strengthen previously found associations between gambling in gaming and younger age, male sex, and problematic gaming behaviors. Additionally, the association with a history of treatment needs for alcohol problems adds to the previous impression of increased problem severity and comorbidity in within-gaming gamblers.