bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cathetar Related Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Bibi Romana , Ullah Rafi , Izhar Muhammad , Rehman Sijad Ur , Sheikh Kainat , Bhattani Kalsoom Essa 
Published: February 2022

Background
Urinary catheter is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) which has been associated with three fold increase risk in mortality. A high level of resistance was noted among the admitted patients for cephalosporin. The primary aim of the study is to known the strain of pathogens; its drugs sensitivity and resistance in intensive care unit (ICU) patients which help the physician in proper management and reduces the mortality and morbidity in urinary catheter related complication.
Methods
This study was conducted in Intensive care unit patients of Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar Pakistan over a period of 1 year from 1st January to 31st December 2019. Medical charts were reviewed and 100 patients were selected based on inclusion criteria and their urine culture and sensitivity reports were noted to know about the most common pathogens, its drugs sensitivity and resistance in these patients. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) used for uropathogen by culture and Disc diffusion method to determined antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The data were shifted from excel sheet to SPPS 21 IBMS version.
Results
The mean age (standard deviation) of patients was 51.60+26.59 years (Median age 58.50 years). Of the total, 64 were female and the remaining were male patients. It was found that most common pathogens in urine sample was E. coli. Maximum pathogens were sensitive to intra venous meropenem (65%), and fosfomycin (55%).
Conclusion
It is concluded that resistance patterns of uropathogens changes which results in treatment failure. Further, based on clinical practice, meropenem, fosfomycin, and cefepime had high sensitivity profile against catheter related infection in ICU.
Bilateral Chylothorax Post Blunt Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Rafiq Maryam , Malik M Haseeb 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Blunt trauma is a rare cause of chylothorax. In this study an uncommon case of traumatic chylothorax after blunt trauma is described along with treatment options.

Report on a Case: A 50-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with sudden onset of shortness of breath for one day. He had a history of road traffic accident 2 days ago, in which he received a strong jerk while trying to avoid impact with the dashboard of the vehicle. He has no past medical history. On examination, He was fully conscious and oriented. Air entry on both sides of the chest was reduced. The x-ray of the chest revealed bilateral blunting of costo-phrenic angels due to pleural effusion. Pleural fluid was sent for biochemical, microbiological and histopathological analysis. Fluid Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were elevated. Culture and sensitivity were negative while cytopathological analysis revealed increased WBCs. CT scan of the chest did not reveal any malignancy or mediastinal lymph nodes. Bilateral Chest intubation was done to treat severe shortness of breath, that drained milky white fluid. The patient was observed without any particular treatment other than chest intubation. The patient responded well and was discharged uneventfully after five days.
Conclusion: Despite its rarity, chylothorax can occur after blunt trauma. Diagnosis should be confirmed by laboratory testing. Conservative management with or without chest intubation is a common treatment option.
Keywords: Blunt chest trauma, Chylothorax, Tri­glyceride.
Effects of Winds on the Optical Properties of Type Ib and Ic Supernova Progenitors
Authors: Jung Moo-Keon , Yoon Sung-Chul , Kim Hyun-Jeong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effects of winds on the observational properties of Type Ib and Ic supernova (SN Ib/Ic) progenitors using spectral models constructed with the non-LTE stellar atmospheric code CMFGEN. We consider SN Ib/Ic progenitor models of the final mass range of 2.16–9.09 M
⊙ having different surface temperatures and chemical compositions, and calculate the resulting spectra for various wind mass-loss rates and wind terminal velocities. We find that the progenitors having an optically thick wind would become brighter in the optical for a higher mass-loss rate (or a lower wind terminal velocity) because of the formation of the photosphere in the extended wind matter and the contribution from free–free and line emissions from the wind. As a result, for the standard Wolf-Rayet wind mass-loss rate, helium-deficient compact SN Ic progenitors would be brighter in the optical by ∼3 mag compared to the case without the wind effects. We also find that the color dependence on the photospheric temperature is non-monotonic because of the wind effects. Our results imply that inferring the progenitor mass, bolometric luminosity, and effective temperature from the optical observation using the standard stellar evolution model prediction can be misleading. By comparing our fiducial model predictions with the detection limits of the previous SN Ib/Ic progenitor searches, we conclude that a deep search with an optical absolute magnitude larger than ∼−4 is needed to directly identify most of the ordinary SN Ib/Ic progenitors. We discuss implications of our results for the observed SN Ib/Ic progenitor candidates for iPTF13bvn, SN 2019vyr, and SN 2017ein.
Viewing Angle Observations and Effects of Evolution with Redshift, Black Hole Mass, and Eddington Ratio in Quasar-based Cosmology
Authors: Prince Raj , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Panda Swayamtrupta , Czerny Bożena , Pollo Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study is focused on the observational measurement of the viewing angle of individual quasars by modeling the broadband quasar spectrum ranging from the IR to soft X-ray band. Sources are selected from various published catalogs, and their broadband quasi-simultaneous spectral data points were collected and used for modeling. We started with a COSMOS sample of Type-1 sources that have broadband photometric points. To include more data points, we cross-matched the COSMOS with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 quasar catalog, and eventually we find 90 sources which have broadband data ranging from IR to soft X-ray. The broadband spectral energy distribution modeling is done in Xspec by using the optxagnf and the SKIRTOR models for the X-ray, UV, optical, and IR regimes for each source. The whole sample is divided into four bins with respect to redshift, black hole (BH) mass, and Eddington ratio with an equal number of sources in each bin. The viewing angle is estimated in each bin, and its evolution with respect to redshift, BH mass, and Eddington ratio is examined. In result, we did not find any significant evolution of viewing angle with those parameters within the 95% confidence interval. We conclude that the use of quasars in cosmology to determine the expansion rate of the universe is therefore justified, and biases are not expected.
The Neutron Energy Spectra of Lunar Meteorites Evaluated from Sm and Er Isotopic Compositions
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Yoneda Shigekazu , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Caffee Marc 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cosmic-ray exposure records of 13 lunar meteorites, Dhofar 081, Dhofar 910, Dhofar 911, Northwest Africa (NWA) 482, NWA 2995, NWA 2996, NWA 3136, NWA 3163, NWA 4472, NWA 4734, NWA 4884, NWA 4932, and NWA 4936, were characterized from the abundances of spallogenic (10Be and 26Al) and neutron-captured (36Cl, 41Ca,150Sm, and 168Er) nuclides produced by cosmic-ray irradiation. Assuming a single-stage irradiation model for individual meteorites, 11 of the 13 meteorites had resided at shallow depths in the range of 55 to 330 g cm−2 from the lunar surface and experienced cosmic-ray irradiations for 140–870 Ma on the Moon. In contrast, 2 of the 13 meteorites, Dhofar 911 and NWA 4932, cannot be simply explained by a single-stage irradiation, but need at least two-stage irradiation on the Moon. Furthermore, the neutron fluences of thermal and epithermal energy regions for individual meteorites were quantified from a combination of the isotopic shifts of 149Sm–150Sm and 167Er–168Er, respectively. Our estimates gave 8–11 times higher epithermal neutron fluences (1.7–13.7 × 101
7 neutrons cm−2) than the thermal neutron fluences (0.65–13.8 × 1016 neutrons cm−2) for 9 of the 13 meteorites, which are consistent with those from the lunar regolith materials in our previous study. This result also supports the long cosmic-ray irradiation of most lunar meteorites on the surface of the Moon.
Combination of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Insulin Resistance by Modulating Pro-inflammatory Milieu in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Ekasaputra Vito Mahendra , Mughni Abdul , Putra Agung , Riwanto Ignatius , Nugrahadi Dimas Erlangga , Prasetya Anggoro , Putranto Indra , Alif Iffan , Makarim Fadli Rizal 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by chronic inflammation of the islets of langerhans. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) procedure increases particular hormone which stimulates insulin sensitivity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also exhibit potential immunomodulatory properties through their paracrine effects, however the mechanism regarding combination of them could not be adequately explained. Aim: In this study, we explore the potential of sleeve gastrectomy followed by injection of MSCs in type 2 diabetic rats with obesity in improving insulin resistance. Methods: This study used a pre and post control group design with 18 rats that divided into 3 groups: control (C), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), sleeve gastrectomy + MSCs (SG+M). On day 10, the level of IL-6, IL-10 and HOMA-IR were evaluated using ELISA. Results: This study showed a significant decrease of IL-6 level in all treatment groups on day 10, in which SG+M group showed optimum inhibition. This result was in line with the optimum increase of IL-10 in SG+M group. Moreover, our study also revealed the optimum decrease of HOMA-IR in SG+M group on day 10. Conclusion: Combination of SG and MSCs can optimally improve insulin resistance by modulating proinflammatory milieu though inhibiting IL-6 level and upregulating IL-10 level in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model.
Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of Kannada version of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Authors: Baby Priya , PR Srijithesh , Reddy Ashok V. , Rajasekaran Aravind K. , Philip Mariamma , Akkunje Preetie S. , Chaturvedi Surbhi 
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose:
The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate stroke-related neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to develop Kannada language version of the NIHSS (Ka-NIHSS) and determine its validity and reliability.

Materials and Methods:
In the first phase of the study, Ka-NIHSS was adapted based on cultural and linguistic peculiarities. In the next phase, 51 acute stroke patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. The concurrent validity of the Ka-NIHSS was evaluated by comparison with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The predictive validity was assessed by comparison with Barthel Index (BI) score and mRS at a 90-day telephonic follow-up. The reliability was evaluated using the kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement between two independent raters and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. The inter-rater agreement of videotaped assessment of items 9 and 10 between four independent raters was evaluated using kappa statistics.

Results:
Ka-NIHSS scores highly correlated with GCS (P = –0.74 P < 0.001) and mRS (P = 0.85, P < 0.001) at baseline. It moderately correlated with mRS (P = 0.67, P < 0.001) and BI (P = –0.64, P < 0.001) at 90 days follow up. Inter-rater reliability was high between the two examiners, with kappa values ranging from 0.66 to 0.95. The inter-rater agreements of the video assessment of items 9 and 10 for nine patients among four raters were 0.81 and 1 respectively.

Conclusions:
Ka-NIHSS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing neurological deficits in Kannada-speaking stroke patients.
Pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Authors: Sioulas Athanasios , Spinou Marianna , Schizas Dimitrios , Megapanou Maria , Frountzas Maximos , Papadaki Konstantina , Scotiniotis Ilias 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study is to assess patients’ compliance to recommendations after evaluation of pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) with EUS and investigate how the presence of “worrisome” characteristics including cyst's size, main pancreatic duct dilation and presence of mural nodules might affect the adherence rates of management recommendations.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients at a private tertiary hospital who were referred for evaluation with EUS over a 5-year period (2015-2019), after the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasm during radiological imaging.

Results:
We included 111 patients (mean age 64.1 years, SD = 13.9) with PCN. After the EUS examination, 16 patients were referred for surgical resection, 4 patients needed no further follow up and 91 patients were recommended to follow imaging surveillance. In total, 70 (63.1%) subjects adhered to surveillance recommendations. In the group of subjects who adhered to surveillance, cyst size ≥3cm was found in 27 (38.6%) patients, main pancreatic duct diameter ≥5mm in 12 (17.1%) subjects and only 3 (4.3%) pancreatic cysts demonstrated mural nodules. However, none of the aforementioned cystic “worrisome features” was significantly correlated with increased adherence to follow up (p = 0.709, P = 0.642 and P = 0.630, respectively).

Conclusions:
Although the majority of patients with PCN adhered to given recommendations after EUS examination, the number of noncompliant subjects was noticeable. The presence of cystic “worrisome” features did not correlate with an increased compliance rate to suggested management plan. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the factors that may enhance patients’ adherence.
MICROSURGICAL AND VARICOCELECTOMY COMPERSION WITH AND WITHOUT TESTICULAR DELIVERY FOR TREATMENT OF VARICOCELE: A RANDOMIZE CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Jan Mir Abid , Khan Ishan , Tariq Kifayat , Opal Samiullah , Naveed Naveed , Ikram Ikram , Samiullah Samiullah 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Varicocele is a common type of male genital disease and can occur in men of any age, especially young people. Clinically venous enlargement or varicocele are found in about 15% of the general male population, up to 35% of men with primary fertility, and 75% of men with secondary fertility dysfunction. Varicoceles are known to be the most common cause of male infertility and can be corrected surgically, but the exact mechanism of sperm formation caused by varicocele-induced impairment remains controversial. Most men with varicocele are asymptomatic and infertile, with only 15% – 20% suffering from physical discomfort or other fertility-related problems. With therefore systematically evaluated the RCTs published together and summarized evidence evaluating the benefits of testicular delivery and ligation of gubernacular vein in microsurgical varicocelectomy.
Methodology: Comprehensive electronic search using the keywords "microsurgical varicocelectomy", "gubernacular vein", "testicular delivery", "infertility" and "varicocele" was done in databases of Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. English language used to search databases. Some studies were taken from studies references.
Result: Two studies reported grade II and III of varicoceles in patients that participated in the study. Overall sperm count in microsurgical resection with testicular delivery compared to microsurgical resection without testicular delivery, increased significantly (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.39, p =<.05), but sperm motility, sperm concentration and gradual increase have no difference in between the two microsurgical methods (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, as a result of this systematic review and meta-analysis, compared with microsurgical varicocelectomy without testicular delivery, delivery of the testicles during microsurgical varicocelectomy to further to further ligate the gonadal veins leads to epidydemo orchitis and oedema, and longer surgery. In addition, testicular delivery may not improve parameters of sperm, serum testosterone, and incidence of varicose veins, wound inflammation and spontaneous pregnancy compared to non-delivered testicles. However, a higher level of research is needed to determine if testicular delivery is an important surgery in microsurgical venous ligation.
Performance Measure Using a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach Based on Complex T-Spherical Fuzzy Power Aggregation Operators
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Ullah Kifayat , Pamucar Dragan , Bari Mehwish 
Published: February 2022

Performance measurement has a vital role in almost every field of life especially when uncertainty is involved in processinginformation. The purpose of this research is to use the concept of power aggregation operators (PAOs) of complex T-spherical fuzzy sets (CTSFSs) to analyze the performance measures of software packages. In comparison to other studies, the main advantage of the PAOs of CTSFSs is its ability to feature four possible aspects of the information under uncertainty. In CTSFSs, each component has further two aspects denoted by their amplitude and phase terms and hence provides us a better ground to deal with practical problems. Another advantage of using PAOs for performance evaluation is the involvement of the relationship of the input arguments that play an essential role in aggregation. Other traditional aggregation operators (AOs) do not have such capabilities. We aim to develop complex T-spherical fuzzy (TSF) power weighted averaging and complex TSF power weighted geometric (CTSFPWG) operators and evaluated their validity using some tests. Ultimately, using the recommended operators, multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) algorithm is established for the performance evaluation of the software packages. With the help of a numerical example, we demonstrated the proposed MADM algorithm using complex uncertain information. The results show a positive impact by analyzing them after a comparative analysis where the results obtained using complex TSF PAOs seem to be more reliable than the results obtained using previously developed AOs. To see the effectiveness of the algorithm, the results are numerically compared using some existing approaches, and conclusions are drawn.

Received: 25 December 2021 | Revised: 4 February 2022 | Accepted: 7 February 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
A Discrete Event Simulation of A Municipal Street Tree Maintenance Operation
Authors: McCabe James J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy using commercially available simulation software, a computer model for a typical municipal street tree maintenance operation is presented. Variables, such as the incoming work orders, crew assignments and productivity standards that represent the workflow of a service-on-demand street tree maintenance program, were included. Although additional simulated complexities are involved, the developed model provides a foundation from which managerial decision making and a typical tree care operation may be analyzed.
The Effect of Pruning on Service Requests, Branch Failures, and Priority Maintenance in The City of Rochester, New York, U.S.
Authors: Luley Christopher J. , Sisinni Susan , Pleninger Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of pruning on service requests, branch failures, and priority maintenance was evaluated in the City of Rochester, New York, U.S., using 8 years of historical data on street trees. Pruning, which was completed on a management unit basis, was evaluated by comparing pruned and unpruned management units. Analysis of service request data showed that pruned management units had lower forestry-related requests and fewer pruning-related requests from the public but not lower requests for branch-failure-related maintenance annually or during high wind events. Analysis of work history or work completed showed that pruned management units had lower priority maintenance after pruning but not lower branch failure rates. Branch failure rates averaged 7.6 and 6.5 failures per 1,000 trees annually when based on requests and work completed, respectively. On the average, branch failure rates during the leaf-on period were three times greater than when foliage was not present. These results will help other communities compare the relative effectiveness of their pruning program and provide a branch failure probability for managed street trees.
Chilling and Heat Unit Levels Affect Foliar Budbreak of Selected Red and Freeman Maple Cultivars
Authors: Wilson Barrett C. , Sibley Jeff L. , Altland James E. , Simonne Eric H. , Eakes D. Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of six levels of chilling (temp <7°C) on foliar budbreak of red maple(Acer rubrum)cultivars October Glory®and ‘Franksred’ (Red Sunset®) and Freeman maple (A.×freemanii) cultivar ‘Autumn Fantasy’ were evaluated in a study conducted from December 14, 1999, to April 7, 2000. October Glory had a greater minimum chilling hour requirement to initiate budbreak than ‘Autumn Fantasy’ and ‘Franksred’ (Red Sunset). However, once optimal chilling had been satisfied (near 600 hours), October Glory required fewer heat units than the other cultivars to reach 20% and 25% budbreak. For example, estimates for heat units required to reach 25% budbreak for October Glory were less than half that required for ‘Autumn Fantasy’ and ‘Franksred’ following 1,200 hours of chilling. Chilling was a determining factor in foliar budbreak for all cultivars, and with all three cultivars, increasing chilling produced greater budbreak percentages and the rate at which budbreak was initiated. All cultivars required fewer heat units for budbreak as chilling increased. All cultivars required over 1,700 heat units to initiate budbreak after 200 hours of chilling, but only 780 to 970 heat units after 600 hours and between 200 and 400 following 1,000 hours of chilling. Information from this and future studies may be used to facilitate the development of models for regional planting recommendations based on the amount chilling received in a given location. Calculated r2values indicated the models provided a good fit to the data for all cultivars.
Exploring Resident Preferences for Street Trees in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Williams Kathryn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResidents of Melbourne, Australia (n = 192) were surveyed regarding their preferences for 36 trees presented in black-and-white photographs. The findings indicate preference for medium-sized trees with a globular or oval form. Foliage texture also arose as an important factor, with higher preference for trees with relatively broad or coarse foliage. While there was no overall preference for either native or introduced trees, categories derived statistically from preference ratings suggest this criterion may have been a consideration for many residents. Some findings could not be predicted from the published literature, which has largely been conducted in the Northern Hemisphere.