bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry Printing and Additive Nanomanufacturing of Flexible Hybrid Electronics and Sensors
Authors: Ahmadi Zabihollah , Lee Seungjong , Patel Aarsh , Unocic Raymond R. , Shamsaei Nima , Mahjouri‐Samani Masoud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe growing demand for flexible and wearable hybrid electronics has triggered the need for advanced manufacturing techniques with versatile printing capabilities. Complex ink formulations, use of surfactants/contaminants, limited source materials, and the need for high‐temperature heat treatments for sintering are major issues facing the current inkjet and aerosol printing methods. Here, the nanomanufacturing of flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) by dry printing silver and indium tin oxide on flexible substrates using a novel laser‐based additive nanomanufacturing process is reported. The electrical resistance of the printed lines is tailored during the print process by tuning the geometry and structure of the printed samples. Different FHE designs are fabricated and tested to check the performance of the devices. Mechanical reliability tests including cycling, bending, and stretching confirm the expected performance of the printed samples under different strain levels. This transformative liquid‐free process allows the on‐demand formation and in situ laser crystallization of nanoparticles for printing pure materials for future flexible and wearable electronics and sensors.
Differentiate Thermal Property of Mammary Glands for Precise Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Fang Yuxin , Zheng Weijie , Peng Yuxuan , Liu Jianhua , Gao Jianshu , Tu Yi , Sun Shengrong , Huang Xiaona , She Jinjuan , Chen Chuang , Xu Shen , Yue Yanan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs an alternative to conventional methods, photothermal therapy is promising in breast cancer therapy. It is essential to prevent overheating of normal tissues and underheating of target tissues, which strongly depends on thermal transport processes. In this work, for the first time, the thermal properties of mammary glands in pubertal and mature mice is accurately measured. Thermal conductivity of mammary gland in pubertal mice is measured as W m−1 K−1, slightly higher than that of fat (0.17 W m−1 K−1), which is the main component of connective tissue in mammary glands. However, with the growth and pregnancy of mature mice, thermal conductivity of mammary gland increases to W m−1 K−1, 66.84% higher than that of pubertal mice. Numerical simulations are conducted to understand the role of thermal conductivity in photothermal therapy. The maximum temperatures in mammary glands of pubertal and mature mice are 49.6 and 44.6 °C, respectively, under the same laser irradiation conditions. This implies that higher thermal conductivity in mature mice mammary glands might lead to ineffectiveness in reaching to the desired temperature. This work suggests that age and pregnancy affect the thermal properties of mammary glands which are not negligible in breast cancer photothermal therapy.
Design of Hierarchical Porosity Via Manipulating Chemical and Microstructural Complexities in High‐Entropy Alloys for Efficient Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Xiongjun , Liu Weihong , Li Zhibin , Chan K. C. , Lu Zhaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAchieving a porous architecture with multiple‐length scales and utilizing the synergetic effects of multicomponent chemicals bring up new opportunities for further improving the electrocatalytic performance of nanocatalysts. Herein, the synthesis of a self‐supported hierarchical porous electrocatalyst based on a high‐entropy alloy (HEA) containing multiple transitional metals via physical metallurgy and dealloying strategies is reported. Microscale phase separation and nanoscale spinodal decomposition are modulated in a highly concentrated FeCoNiCu HEA, which makes it possible to obtain a porous structure with different length scales, i.e., relatively large porous channels formed by removing one separated phase and ultrafine mesopores obtained from leaching out one decomposition phase. The resultant hierarchical porous HEA exhibits superior water splitting performance, which takes full advantage of the enlarged surface area offered by the bi‐continuous mesoporous structure with the exceptional intrinsic reactivity originating from the synergetic electronic effects of the different components in alloying. Moreover, the microscale porous structure plays an important role in the significantly improved mass transportation, as well as the durability during electrocatalysis. This effective strategy that simultaneously utilizes the chemical and microstructural advantages of HEAs opens up a new avenue for developing HEA‐based, high‐performance porous electrocatalysts for various energy conversion/store applications.
Culturing live foods for fish larviculture using non‐microalgal diet: The role of waste‐generated bacteria and selected commercial probiotics—A review
Authors: Kagali Robert Nesta , Ogello Erick Ochieng , Kiama Catherine Wachera , Kim Hee‐Jin , Wullur Stenly , Sakakura Yoshitaka , Hagiwara Atsushi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCondensed suspension of live microalga cells, for example, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis tetrathele is often utilized as diets for mass production of live food resources, that is, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans and Artemia. These live food resources are essential for fish larviculture in hatcheries. However, the production of sufficient microalgae is costly, laborious and fragile, and thus require cost‐effective and stable production technologies, especially for the emerging countries. Studies have shown that locally available biowastes such as fish wastes and chicken manure provide substrates for generating billions of heterotrophic bacterial cells and microparticles as well as growth hormones, which can be used in propagating live food resources. The fish wastes contain essential nutrients that are important for the growth of both live foods and fish larvae. With single feeding of fish wastes, the culture condition of live foods may become unstable, and thus bacterial isolates and selected probiotics, for example, genus Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Micrococcus are needed to stabilize the culture conditions to increase reproduction capacity of the cultured live foods. This article consolidates the results and conclusions of our recent studies on the culture of live food resources, that is, Proales similis de Beauchamp, Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, Tigriopus japonicus Mori and Diaphanosoma celebensis Stingelin, using waste‐generated bacteria from fish waste diet (FWD) and selected probiotics. The non‐algal materials reviewed in this article are important to ensure constant supply of cheap live foods to improve aquaculture, especially in the developing countries, which lack sophisticated technology for production of high‐density microalgae.
Ligand‐Directed Caging Enables the Control of Endogenous DNA Alkyltransferase Activity with Light inside Live Cells
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Han Lili , Tian Xiaoxu , Peng Chao , Chen Yiyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe control of endogenous protein activity with light inside live cells is helpful for the high spatiotemporal probing of their dynamic roles. Herein, we report the first small‐molecule‐ligand‐directed caging approach to control the endogenous human O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) activity with light, and the caged AGT is constructed from the native intracellular AGT. The photo‐responsive O6‐benzylguanine derivative O6‐NBG3 is developed to site‐specifically cage the AGT′s catalytic cysteine residue, and the light irradiation on‐demand restores AGT′s activity in vitro, in bacteria, and in mammalian cells. With O6‐NBG3, the alkylated AGT is dealkylated for the first time to recover the DNA repair activity in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells by the dose‐dependent light irradiation. This decaging strategy enables the localized modulation of endogenous AGT activity with high temporal precision without genetic engineering, which holds great potential for therapeutic applications.
Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry
Authors: Han Gao‐Feng , Zhang Peng , Scholzen Pascal , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Yang Mihyun , Kweon Do Hyung , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kim Young Hyun , Kim Seong‐Wook , Han Sun‐Phil , Andreev Andrey S. , Lang Guillaume , Ihm Kyuwook , Li Feng , d'Espinose de Lacaillerie Jean‐Baptiste , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon hydrogasification is the slowest reaction among all carbon‐involved small‐molecule transformations. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical method that results in both a faster reaction rate and a new synthesis route. The reaction rate was dramatically enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude compared to the traditional thermal method. Simultaneously, the reaction exhibited very high selectivity (99.8 % CH4, versus 80 % under thermal conditions) with a cobalt catalyst. Our study demonstrated that this extreme increase in reaction rate originates from the continuous activation of reactive carbon species via mechanochemistry. The high selectivity is intimately related to the activation at low temperature, at which higher hydrocarbons are difficult to form. This work is expected to advance studies of carbon hydrogasification, and other solid‐gas reactions.
A Self‐Serviced‐Track 3D DNA Walker for Ultrasensitive Detection of Tumor Exosomes by Glycoprotein Profiling
Authors: Wang Huizhen , Zeng Jiahao , Huang Jin , Cheng Hong , Chen Biao , Hu Xing , He Xiaoxiao , Zhou Yue , Wang Kemin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSensitive and accurate analysis of low‐concentration of tumor‐derived exosomes (Exos) in biofluids is essential for noninvasive cancer diagnosis but is still challenging due to the lack of high‐sensitive methods with low‐cost and easy‐operation. Herein, exploiting target Exos as a three‐dimensional (3D) track for the first time, we developed a self‐serviced‐track DNA walker (STDW) for wash‐free detection of tumor Exos using exosomal glycoprotein, which was enabled by split aptamer‐recognition‐initiated autonomous running powered by a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). Benefiting from high selectivity and sensitivity of the STDW assay, direct detection of tumor Exos in cell culture medium and serum could also be realized. Furthermore, this method exhibited high accuracy in clinical sample analysis, offering the potential for early cancer diagnosis and postoperative response prediction.
Metal–Organic Cages with {SiW9Ni4} Polyoxotungstate Nodes
Authors: Chang Qing , Meng Xiangyu , Ruan Wenjun , Feng Yeqin , Li Rui , Zhu Jiayu , Ding Yong , Lv Hongjin , Wang Wei , Chen Guanying , Fang Xikui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA tritopic, Ni‐substituted Keggin cluster, {SiW9Ni4}, assembles with rigid dicarboxylate linkers to give rise to a set of discrete, POM2nL3n‐type structures (POM={SiW9Ni4}) with defined interior voids. The outcome of coordination‐driven self‐assemblies of these polyhedral cages—from fused dimers to trigonal prisms—was found to be sensitive to bend angles of the ditopic ligands, which vary from 122° to 180°. These polyoxotungstate‐based metal–organic polyhedra, when coupled with [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as the electron donor, serve as highly effective catalysts for CO2 reduction, with turnover numbers up to 328 and CO selectivity as high as 96.2 %. The inner cavities of such cage structures, if functionalized or of sufficient size to encapsulate targeted guest molecules, could present a new strategy towards functional materials for potential applications.
Alternating Current Electrolysis Enabled Formal C−O/O−H Cross‐Metathesis of 4‐Alkoxy Anilines with Alcohols
Authors: Wang Daoxin , Jiang Tengfei , Wan Hao , Chen Ziyue , Qi Junchao , Yang Anqi , Huang Zhiliang , Yuan Yong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile multiple bond metathesis reactions, for example olefin metathesis, have seen considerable recent progress, direct metathesis of traditionally inert C−O single bonds is extremely rare and particularly challenging. Undoubtedly, metathesis reaction of C−O bonds is one of the most ideal routes for the value‐added upgrading of molecules involving C−O bonds. Reported here is a new protocol to achieve the formal C−O/O−H cross‐metathesis via alternating current electrolysis. Featuring mild reaction conditions, the protocol allows readily available 4‐alkoxy anilines and alcohols to be converted into a wide range of valuable products in highly regioselective and chemoselective manner. Moreover, the present strategy can be used in the late‐stage modification of pharmaceuticals as well as biologically active compounds, which demonstrated the potential application.
Seizures after epidural blood patch in a postpartum patient later diagnosed with hypertension and proteinuria: a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Prichard A. , Appiah S. , Kearsley R. , Arnold G. 
Published: February 2022

SummarySeizures are a rare, but documented, consequence of accidental dural puncture and epidural blood patch. They are also the cardinal feature of eclampsia. We present a postpartum patient who suffered a tonic‐clonic seizure within 1 hour of an epidural blood patch procedure for a suspected post‐dural puncture headache. Investigations also revealed hypertension, proteinuria and subdural collections. This case demonstrates the diagnostic dilemma associated with postpartum headache and late postpartum eclampsia. We illustrate the importance of a thorough clinical assessment of postpartum patients presenting with headache, highlighting the possibility of more than one underlying pathological cause. We also consider the role of epidural blood patch in both precipitating, and preventing, complications of accidental dural puncture.
Study of the mechanical properties and constitutive model of the roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting materials under uniaxial compression
Authors: Fang Hongyuan , Zheng Qiankun , Du Mingrui , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Chao , Wang Zhenyang , Wang Fuming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolyurethane grouting materials are increasingly used in the non‐excavation rehabilitation of roadbeds. The compressive strength of roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane (RHPU) grouting materials is the key to achieving the desirable repair effect, whereas the constitutive model of RHPU grouting materials is not yet understood. Here, the mechanical properties of RHPU grouting materials under compression were experimentally investigated, followed by establishing the hyperfoam constitutive model. The variation laws of the critical parameters in the model with density were function fitted, and then the constitutive model was simplified as an equation of density as the single independent variable. The comparisons between the theoretical and experimental mechanical behavior of RHPU grouting materials were discussed to illustrate the applicability of the hyperfoam constitutive model. Results show that with the increasing density, both the yield strength (σ1), elastic modulus (E1), and secant modulus (Es) increases exponentially, and the Poisson's ratio (v) increases logarithmically. The maximum increase in σ1, E1, Es, and v are about 750%, 720%, 940%, and 50%, respectively. Compared to the effects of density on the mechanical properties, the effect of loading rate is much smaller, and the side length has no effect. For RHPU samples with a density not exceeding 0.35 g/cm3, the hyperfoam model can well describe the uniaxial compression mechanical behavior, but for those whose density exceeds 0.35 g/cm3, the model can only describe the mechanical behavior before yielding. The theoretical yield strength of the RHPU samples obtained from the model is close to the experimental value (with differences of about 0.1%–14.4%). This study provides a base to evaluate the compressive strength of the practically used RHPU grouting materials based on the density.
3D printed electrically conductive interdigitated spacer on ultrafiltration membrane for electrolytic cleaning and chlorination
Authors: Khalil Abdullah , Ahmed Farah Ejaz , Hashaikeh Raed , Hilal Nidal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMembrane fouling is one of the challenging issues surrounding membrane‐based separation. Here in, we demonstrate direct 3D printing of electrically conductive interdigitated spacer on an ultrafiltration membrane for membrane cleaning and chlorination via periodic electrolysis. The spacers were 3D printed on the membrane surface via material extrusion using a composite slurry of graphite and silver. This 3D printed spacer, which was found to be mechanically robust, promoted turbulence, and increased the permeate flux. Moreover, as the potential is applied across the spacer segments in the presence of saline water, bubbling at the cathodic segment due to hydrogen evolution causes physical removal of the foulant from the membrane surface leading to flux recovery. In parallel, chlorine evolves at the anodic segment which decomposes the organic foulants and can potentially disinfect the membrane. Therefore, direct 3D printing of electrically conductive spacers on the membrane offers four benefits simultaneously: (1) spacer effect by promoting turbulence, (2) in‐situ membrane cleaning, (3) in‐situ chlorination, and (4) a reduced build‐envelope due to the integration of both anode and cathode with the membrane as spacer. Our work, therefore, demonstrates dual‐action in‐situ membrane cleaning while simplifying the design of the membrane module.
Morphological evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids, and orbital glands in young and adult aardvarks Orycteropus afer, Pallas, 1766 (Tubulidentata: Orycteropodidae): Similarities and differences with representatives of the Afrotheria clade
Authors: Paszta Wojciech , Klećkowska‐Nawrot Joanna E. , Goździewska‐Harłajczuk Karolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Afrotheria clade includes a large group of extant mammals, and the aardvark (Orycteropus afer) is the only representative of the order Tubulidentata in it. Here, we studied the morphological nature of the orbital region, eye tunics, upper and lower eyelids, superficial gland of the third eyelid, the third eyelid, deep gland of the third eyelid, and lacrimal gland in post‐mortem specimens obtained from three captive aardvarks, two young and one adult. The obtained samples were analyzed using macroscopic, histological, and histochemical methods. We observed choroidal tapetum lucidum fibrosum in all specimens, which was typical for aardvarks. The superficial gland of the third eyelid was a compound multilobar tubular branched gland of a mucous nature. The deep gland of the third eyelid produced a serous secretion. The seromucous secretion was typical for the lacrimal gland. We compared the morphological data of the O. afer skull with that from other endemic African mammals in the Afrotheria clade. We found that other authors provided different anatomical names for some bones and foramina located within the orbit. The types and function of eyelid glands, as well as eyeball glands of aardvarks, can primarily be connected with their habitat. Our study may constitute an introduction to the ontogenesis of individual eyeball glands in aardvarks.
Probing single ventricle heart defects with patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells and emerging technologies
Authors: Hall Bailey , Alonzo Matthew , Texter Karen , Garg Vidu , Zhao Ming‐Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle ventricle heart defects (SVHDs) are a severe type of congenital heart disease with poorly understood pathogenic mechanisms. New research using patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a cellular model is beginning to uncover genetic and cellular etiologies of SVHDs. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a type of SVHD that is characterized by an underdeveloped left ventricle and other malformations in the left side of the heart. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS), the second type of SVHD, is characterized by an underdeveloped right heart, including malformed tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Despite a noticeable lack of research on SVHD, emerging technologies offer a promising future to further probe the genetic and cellular mechanisms of these diseases. Pediatric cardiovascular research is at the dawn of a new era in terms of what can be discovered with patient‐specific iPSCs in conjunction with other technologies (e.g., organoids, single‐cell genomics, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing). In this review, we present recent approaches and findings utilizing patient‐specific iPSCs to identify cellular mechanisms responsible for improper cardiac organogenesis in HLHS and HRHS.
Structural and optical properties of dysprosium‐doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and the use as a bioimaging probe in human cells
Authors: Gitty Pooja , Mani Kamal Planthadathil , Deepti Ayswaria , Baby Chakrapani Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan , Prabeesh Punathil , Nampoori Vadakkedathu Parameswaran Narayanan , Kailasnath Madanan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with trivalent dysprosium ions were synthesized by a co‐precipitation method. The characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out to determine the crystalline and structural properties. The Rietveld structural refinement of the XRD patterns confirmed the purity of the phase formation of the synthesized nanoparticles. The photoluminescence emission spectra exhibited intense emissions in the blue region at 450 nm and 476 nm along with less intense yellow emission at 573 nm which can be attributed to the magnetic dipole and electric dipole transitions of dysprosium respectively. In order to evaluate the colour tunability of the emitted light CIE chromaticity coordinate values were calculated. The intense blue emissions from the synthesized sample were found to be favourable for bioimaging. The images obtained from the fluorescence microscopy revealed that the dysprosium‐doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are potential bioimaging probes in human cells.
From Light to Structure: Photo Initiators for Radical Two‐Photon Polymerization
Authors: Wloka Thomas , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) represents a powerful technique for the fabrication of precise three‐dimensional structures on a micro‐ and nanometer scale for various applications. While many review articles are focusing on the used polymeric materials and their application in 2PP, in this review the class of two‐photon photo initiators (2PI) used for radical polymerization is discussed in detail. Because the demand for highly efficient 2PI has increased in the last decades, different approaches in designing new efficient 2PIs occurred. This review summarizes the 2PIs known in literature and discusses their absorption behavior under one‐ and two‐photon absorption (2PA) conditions, their two‐photon cross sections (σTPA) as well as their efficiency under 2PP conditions. Here, the photo initiators are grouped depending on their chromophore system (D‐π‐A‐π‐D, D‐π‐D, etc.). Their polymerization efficiencies are evaluated by fabrication windows (FW) depending on different laser intensities and writing speeds.