bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Logic of the “Municipal Filter” in Russia: Evidence from Perm Krai 2020 Elections
Authors: Kovin Vitalii , Semenov Andrei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the endorsement strategies of municipal council members in Russia. Since 2012, the candidates for chief executive office are required to collect the signatures at the local level. Filtering had been an important political toll before the return of direct gubernatorial elections, however, for the latter there are specific requirements in terms of territorial quotas and coverage that can be used against the independent candidates. We theorize that partisanship, gender, and employment sector on individual level and political competition, population size, and budget autonomy on the municipality level are important in shaping the councilmembers’ decision. We test this theory against the data on 2020 Perm krai gubernatorial elections and find out that while the general pattern is largely in line with our expectations, there are nuances when it comes to supporting particular opposition candidates. This study contributes to the literature on electoral authoritarianism and subnational elections in Russia and to the general scholarship on the means of authoritarian control.
MENGGALI KONSEP ESTETIKA (MAGELLO DAN CANTI’PA) DALAM PERTUNJUKAN MUSIK TARI PAKARENA
Authors: Erlangga Angga 
Published: November 2022

Menurut Soedjadi (2000:14) konsep adalah ide abstrak yang dapat digunakan untuk mengadakan klasifikasi atau penggolongan yang pada umumnya dinyatakan dengan suatu istilah atau rangkaian kata (lambang bahasa). Magello dan canti’pa adalah sebuah ucapan yang dilontarkan penonton yang mengandung konsep emik yang ada dibalik sebuah fenomena budaya dan muncul pernyataan orang-orang si pemilik budaya tersebut. Magello merupkan hasil ansambel musik dalam suatu pertunjukan yang mengandung pesan baik. Sedangkan Canti’pa merupakan suatu estetika yang terpancar dari fisik penari dalam sebuah tarian dengan gerakan anggun, lemah lembut dan bertempo lambat. Maka masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah fenomena budaya (Magello dan Canti’pa) dalam sebuah pertunjukan musik tari pakarena. Musik tari pakarena adalah ansambel musik tardisional sulawesi selatan yang diiringi oleh beberapa instrument terdisional yang disebut gondrong rinci. Gondrong rinci merupakan alat musik tradisional yang terdiri dari gendang, pui-pui, kecapi, seruling, dan katt-katto. Musik pengiring tari kipas pakarena ini dimainkan oleh 5-7 orang, pada setiap repertuar dengan tabuan yang berbeda-beda, bertempo cepat, namun tetap menghasilkan suara yang padu. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat tentang konsep magello dan canti’pa agar bisa digunakan dalam melihat suatu pertunjukan berupa tari maupun musik tradisional Makassar. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu konsep ini bisa dipakai masyarakat dan peneliti selanjutnya dalam mengkaji suatu musik tari pakarena. Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka ada beberapa kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1.Mendeskripsikan fenomena budaya (Magello dan Canti’pa) dalam sebuah pertunjukan musik tari pakarena 2.Mendefinisikan istilah emik yang muncul dalam fenomena budaya (Magello dan Canti’pa) dalam pertunjukan musik tari pakarena 3.Menentukan daya prediksi.
Kata kunci : (Estetika, Magello, dan Canti’pa,).
PERANAN APBD SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KEMANDARIAN DAN KEMAMPUAN KEUANGAN KOTA MOJOKERTO TAHUN 2019
Authors: Panangsang Parikesit , Studiviany Pramita , Trihastuti Adiati 
Published: November 2022

The Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) is the annual financial plan of regional governments in Indonesia which is approved by the Regional People's Representative Council, which contains income plans and expenditure plans during the working year. The development of the 2019 Mojokerto City Budget is good, experiencing an average increase starting from 2017 – 2019 in the Revenue budget of 6.64% and the Regional Budget of 3.97%. Expenditure Budget is 7.37%, Net Financing is 122.70% and SILPA is 208.22%, and Surplus is 13.16%.
To measure the independence and financial capacity of the city of Mojokerto, there are several financial indicators used, namely 1) the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the Autonomous Region is the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the autonomous region, 2) Contribution of PAD to APBD, 3) Productivity/Contribution of Taxes and Levies to PAD, 4 ) PAD Growth Rate, 5) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, 6) Trend of Autonomous Regional Financial Independence 7) Fiscal Capacity Map for 2017-2019, 8) Regional Financial Capability and 9) Assessing Performance of Each Type of Tax/Retribution.
From the results of the discussion, the prospect of Mojokerto City Regional Finance. Realization for PAD is very effective with the contribution of PAD to the APBD being moderate, apparently followed by PAD growth is also moderate, from this condition the regional financial capacity is in the "low" category, amounting to Rp. 254.77 billion below Rp. 300 billion. and the pattern of the relationship is “consultative”. In addition, the trend of low regional financial independence is indicated by the financial performance of the "prime" category of regional tax revenues, and "underdeveloped" regional retribution income.
Reservation in India: Social Justice or Political Agenda?
Authors: Das Shweta Kumari , Das Nikita Kumari 
Published: November 2022

With more than 3000 castes and all the major religious groups of the world, India is certainly a personification of religious and cultural diversity. The Constitution makers were very well aware of the fact that this diversity entails a form of segmental equality owing to which the idea of compensatory discrimination was included in the constitution. Therefore, through Article 16(4) and 46, reservation in matters of public education and employment were provided for the upliftment of the backward and deprived classes, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). However, politicians have increasingly used this instrument of social justice to divide groups for “vote bank” politics. The routine extension of the reservation quotas through amendments and the inclusion of new groups like Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) represents the increasing politicization of caste in politics at the cost of social justice.
The motive of this paper is to question whether reservation has become a political agenda rather than an instrument of social justice as well as to give an insight on how the policy has been misused for political gains. With an amalgamation of facts and unique analysis, it also sheds light on the attempts of privileged groups like the Jats in Haryana to demand reservation thereby showcasing how the true meaning of reservation has been eroded in India political scenario.
The Effect of Adding Activated Sludge and Types of Series Circuit Systems Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Using Chinese Food Restaurant Wastewater
Authors: Jaya Danang , Widayati Tunjung Wahyu , Nugroho Singgih Adi , Ellysa Firda 
Published: November 2022

Electricity consumption expands every year. However, in Indonesia, electricity is still highly dependent on conventional energy sources such as coal. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the alternative inventions that consists of a series of tools which converts chemical energy into electrical energy in the presence of microbial metabolism. In addition to produce electrical energy, it may also help to solve environmental issues by dealing with waste. This research was purposed to investigate the potency of Chinese food restaurant waste as substrate to generate electricity in microbial fuel cell. The research was done in three stages: wastewater preparation, assembly of MFC tools in various circuits, and running MFC processes. Results showed that the best electrical average (1.02 V) was found in the treatment system without active sludge. The best circuit was in the system in 4 series, which obtained a maximum voltage of 3.76 V and the largest power density of 62.66 mW/m2. In addition, with the addition of active sludge, biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater could be lowered up to 29.27%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 51.58%. Total suspended solid (TSS) could be decreased up to 49% on the sample withoud sludge addition.
Improving Long Term Oxidation Protection for γ-TiAl Substrates
Authors: Bobzin K. , Schläfer T. , Warda T. , Brühl M. , Linke T. F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In previous work, a thermal spray multilayer system consisting of ZrO2 and an MCrAlY top coat showed promising results regarding oxidation behavior of the γ-TiAl substrates tested, which encouraged further research activities. Diffusion of substrate material was successfully inhibited by a ceramic ZrO2 coating. A building up of a dense and stable oxide layer could be achieved by additional application of an MCrAlY top coat, leading to improved oxidation resistance and thus showing feasibility. In this work the main focus for development was put on enhancing adhesion and lowering residual stresses of the coatings in order to allow long term and cyclic testing without delamination taking place. Being a very brittle material, Gamma Titanium Aluminides require special surface treatment to enable roughening which is crucial for a strong mechanical bond between substrate and coating. Alternatives to conventional grit blasting as a standard preparation method were investigated. These were micro-abrasive blasting and blasting at elevated temperature (≈300-550 °C) to allow a more ductile behavior. The paper will highlight the implications by means of these measures and will also show the present development status of the multilayer system.
Thermal Spray Technology Trends in the Steel Industry from the Viewpoint of Patent Applications in Japan
Authors: Namba Y. , Tani K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Trends of thermal spraying technology in Japanese steel industry is summarized by investigating the patent applications filed in Japan Patent Office in the past 20 years from FY1990 to FY2009. The total number of patents filed in 8 Patent Offices (Japan, United States, Europe, China, Korea, Russia, Brazil and India), retrieved by the International Patent Classification symbol C23C4/00 (IPC index key: Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state ), is 15,082. The ratio of patent applications filed in each Patent Office is as follows: JP (39%), US (22%), EP (17%), CN (9%), KR (6%), RU (3%), BR (3%) and IN (1%). The database used in this study is from commercially available “PatBase”. Number of patent applications of thermal spray technology (C23C4/00) in Japan is 4,369. Among these patents, the ratio of patents related to steel industry filed by major Japanese steel companies is 13% of total patents of every industrial segment in Japan. These patents are classified according to (1) coating applications in the process of steel production lines, (2) performances and effects obtained by coatings, .and (3) coating materials. In this paper, current status and future trend of thermal spray technology in Japanese steel industry is discussed.
Tribological Behaviour of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Coatings for Hot Extrusion Tools
Authors: Erne M. , Kolar D. , Möhwald K. , Bach Fr.-W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Up to now no coating systems are marketable in the field of direct hot extrusion, which provide both surface protection of the parts being in contact to the billet (i.e. container and die), and a significant reduction of the frictional losses being induced by the billet passing along the container walls. To dispense the use of lubricants and to enhance the usable forming capacity of the process, different oxide ceramics were given in one suspension and plasma sprayed. The aim is to reach a mixing of the feedstock to obtain deterministic solid solutions of the oxide phases which show a reduction of their coefficient of friction under dry sliding conditions. To reach this goal the high surface-to-volume ratio of feedstock with primary particle sizes below 100 nm was used. By means of X-ray diffraction it could be proven, that the desired phases could be synthesized. The coatings showed a considerable lowering of their frictional coefficient in tribological testings against 100Cr6 in the region of the operation temperatures for the hot extrusion of aluminium alloys. Besides the experimental work the fundamentals of the mixing process of different oxides regarding crystallographic aspects are discussed.
Build-Up Resistance of HVOF Thermal Sprayed NiCrAlY-Y2O3 Cermet Coatings
Authors: Yu C.-S. , Huang T.-S. , Huang J.-Y. , Tseng M.-J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Agglomerate sintered and blended NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets were prepared from NiCrAlY and Y2O3 powders by two process routes. The particle morphologies and powder characteristics of both cermets feedstock using for thermal spraying were investigated. Both types of NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets and one commercial CoCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets were HVOF thermal sprayed onto the stainless steel substrate to obtain coatings having a thickness about 100 microns. Porosity and thermal shock resistance of coatings were examined. Four thermal sprayed coatings were comparatively evaluated build-up resistance by contacting reaction with MnO, Fe3O4 powders and manganese bearing carbon steel statically at high temperatures. The agglomerate sintered NiCrAlY-Y2O3 coatings have good resistance to manganese oxide build-up but bad resistance to iron oxide build-up. The agglomerate sintered cermets coating has better build-up resistance than blended cermets coating.
Modeling of Peening Stress in HVOF Sprayed IN718 Coating
Authors: Lyphout C. , Nylén P. , Persson C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Within Surface and Coating Technologies, the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process generates significant peening stresses due to the impact at high velocity of semi molten particles onto the substrate. The level of high kinetic and thermal energy of impinging particles is a key-parameter to understand how residual stresses build up through the whole system during spraying, and to which extend these stresses influence the resulting coating adhesion strength. While an appropriate combination of thermal and peening stresses is beneficial to the deposit bonding, no systematic study has been carried out to determine their respective amplitudes. A numerical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been developed to isolate peening stresses from thermal stresses developed into the substrate target, after successive impacts of single particle. The investigation is performed on Inconel 718 feedstock material HVOF sprayed on Inconel 718 substrate. The relationship between the developed stress state at the substrate interface and the impinging particle temperature and velocity is given a particular interest.
Splat Formation Mechanism in Thermal Spray Process According to Substrate Temperature and Ambient Pressure Change
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Yang K. , Ebisuno Y. , Yoshida S. , Yamada M. , Yasui T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aiming at clarifying the individual splat formation mechanism in thermal spray process, commercially available metallic powders were thermally sprayed onto AISI304 substrate surface. The splats changed from a distorted shape with splash to a disk-shaped splat in flattening after collision onto substrate surface, through substrate preheating and/or reducing the ambient pressure. Accordingly, both substrate temperature and ambient pressure have an equivalent effect on the shape transition. The observation on the bottom surface morphology of single splat indicated that the ring-shaped initial solidification might play an important role during splat formation process. As a simulation of the real thermal spray process, free falling experiment has been conducted. The thermal history of the free falling metal droplet onto AISI304 substrate indicated that the flattening pattern is decided so quicky just after collision onto solid surface, which is enough earlier to the finalization of the flattening.
Heat-Treatment Induced Microstructural Evolution of TiC-Based Hardmetal Coatings
Authors: Matthews S. , Fendt J. , Hyland M. , Berger L.-M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to translate the beneficial properties of bulk Ti(C,N)-based hardmetals to wear resistant thermal spray coatings. Such efforts have focused primarily on as-sprayed coatings. However, past work has shown that hardmetal coatings can undergo significant changes when operated at elevated temperature for extended periods. This work characterised the microstructural changes in a HVOF sprayed (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Ni coating treated in air at 700°C for up to 30 days. The microstructural development of the carbonitride phase was very subtle. Image analysis indicated that the Mo-rich rim phase underwent the greatest degree of dissolution during spraying and precipitation with heat treatment. Dissolution of the carbonitride phases during spraying led to significant alloying of the Ni binder. Rapid recovery of the Ni binder composition occurred after one day of treatment, but it retained a higher steady state degree of alloying relative to the starting powder.
Influences of Process and Material Morphology on the Case of Carbide Coatings
Authors: Barth A. , Chen D. , Dambra C. , Girgulis J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wear and corrosion protection are the main applications for carbide cermet coatings which are most commonly applied by HVOF in the field of thermal spray technology. The TriplexPro-200 offers to produce carbide coatings economically and at an outstanding quality level. The influence of spray parameters, material composition and morphology was investigated and put into comparison to the established HVOF process. Two spray parameters for the TriplexPro-200 were used: standard setup in which the particle velocities around 200 – 280 m/s and the high-velocity setup reaching particle velocities above 550 m/s. Materials with different morphologies were tested showing influences on coating structure and residual stress. The material compositions are WC-Co and WC-CoCr as they are widely used in wear and corrosion resistance. Coatings sprayed with the standard setup of the TriplexPro-200 show coating qualities beyond single cathode APS systems and at higher deposition efficiency and feed rate. In the high velocity operation window the coatings become HVOF-like with hardness values up to 1200 HV 0.3 and very low porosity level. The measurement of the residual stress shows that compressive stress can be achieved using the TriplexPro- 200 technology.
Mechanical Properties of WC-Co Coatings Prepared by Cold and Warm Spray Processes
Authors: Kitamura J. , Sato K. , Watanabe M. , Chivavibul P. , Komatsu M. , Sakaki K. , Kuroda S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mechanical properties of WC-Co coatings prepared by cold spraying (CS) and warm spraying (WS) have been studied with changing material parameters of Co content (12~25%), powder size (-45+15 and -20+5 µm) and WC particle size (0.2 and 1.8 µm) in this paper. The study reveals that a formation of undesirable phases such as W2C, W, and amorphous or nanocrystalline Co-W-C (eta) phase has been suppressed in the CS and WS coatings. Both coatings have high hardness, which is comparable to or superior to HVOF coatings as well as higher density (low porosity) than the HVOF. Abrasion wear test has shown that WS coatings has higher resistance than CS coatings within this study. As for powder properties, smaller powder and smaller WC particle sizes are effective to produce hard and dense coatings leading to higher wear resistance.
Development of Composite Coatings Composed of a Stainless Steel Matrix and Tungsten Carbide Nano-Inclusions by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Wittmann-Ténèze K. , Pereira J. M. , Brelivet P. , Bianchi L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tungsten-based cermets are well-known engineering materials finding applications in aerospace, nuclear equipment, and many other fields. Plasma spraying is an interesting industrial process to manufacture those refractory materials. Original plasma sprayed hard coatings for wear protection composed of a stainless steel matrix and inclusions of tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles were developed. To built-up the coatings, two precursors were injected separately in the plasma jet : a stainless steel micrometric powder was classically injected into the plasma jet using a carrier gas whereas WC nanoparticles were injected with a liquid carrier, like in the so-called process suspension plasma spraying. One of the challenges is to maintain the WC phase stoichiometry in the deposit, without decomposing the carbide into brittle W2C, W3C, and metallic tungsten, phenomenon usually occurring with thermal spraying techniques. Another issue is to succeed in including homogeneously the carbide nanoparticles in a sufficiently dense stainless steel matrix. Coatings with different WC contents were deposited on stainless steel substrates and investigated with respect to their microstructure by optical and scanning electron microscopy, porosity level using the Archimedean method, phase composition by X-ray diffraction and Vickers micro-hardness. Results have shown that coatings consisting of a stainless steel matrix containing inclusions of carbide nanoparticles can be produced by plasma spraying. The phase composition analysis indicated that nanoparticles are largely composed of the WC phase and contain a small amount of WC1-x phases. A slight increase of the porosity level was measured for coatings containing nanoparticles, compared to the pure matrix, probably due to the cooling effect of the WC carrier liquid on the in-flight characteristics of the stainless steel particles. Micro-hardness measurements gave similar values for with or without nano-sized particles, showing that the amount of WC included in the samples was insufficient to improve the hardness property.
Comparative Study of Thermal Sprayed Polymers for Wear Protection
Authors: Lima C. R. C. , Souza N. F. C. , Camargo F. M. , Camargo F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thermal spraying covers a range of spraying processes in which any metallic, ceramic or polymer-based material can be sprayed onto a substrate to be protected. This flexibility of thermal spraying makes the technology extremely successful in different engineering applications. Protection of the metallic components by hard oxide or ceramic-metallic coatings has proven to be an effective way to reduce wear and corrosion. Polymer coatings are increasing in importance as protection against corrosion and wear for several environmental conditions. Polymeric materials typically exhibit a low shear strength and low elastic modulus that make them viable for use under tribological conditions. Thermally sprayed polymers have the potential both to lower material costs and improve coating performance in drastic environments. In this work, a comparative study is carried out to evaluate the performance of some thermoplastic and hydrocarbon derived polymers deposited onto steel by thermal spray technology. Several tests were performed to evaluate the obtained coatings mainly related to tribological performance.