bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disjunctive logic programs, answer sets, and the cut rule
Authors: Martin Éric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Minker and Rajasekar (J Log Program 9(1):45–74, 1990), Minker proposed a semantics for negation-free disjunctive logic programs that offers a natural generalisation of the fixed point semantics for definite logic programs. We show that this semantics can be further generalised for disjunctive logic programs with classical negation, in a constructive modal-theoretic framework where rules are built from claims and hypotheses, namely, formulas of the form $$\Box \varphi $$

□
φ

and $$\Diamond \Box \varphi $$

◊
□
φ

where $$\varphi $$
φ
is a literal, respectively, yielding a “base semantics” for general disjunctive logic programs. Model-theoretically, this base semantics is expressed in terms of a classical notion of logical consequence. It has a complete proof procedure based on a general form of the cut rule. Usually, alternative semantics of logic programs amount to a particular interpretation of nonclassical negation as “failure to derive.” The counterpart in our framework is to complement the original program with a set of hypotheses required to satisfy specific conditions, and apply the base semantics to the resulting set. We demonstrate the approach for the answer set semantics. The proposed framework is purely classical in mainly three ways. First, it uses classical negation as unique form of negation. Second, it advocates the computation of logical consequences rather than of particular models. Third, it makes no reference to a notion of preferred or minimal interpretation.
Developing As and Cu Tissue Residue Thresholds to Attain the Good Ecological Status of Rivers in Mining Areas
Authors: Moreno-Ocio Iñigo , Méndez-Fernández Leire , Martínez-Madrid Maite , Costas Noemí , Pardo Isabel , Rodriguez Pilar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study was performed on residue-effects datasets from polluted and unpolluted sites in the Nalón River basin (northern Spain). The effects were measured in terms of alteration of field macroinvertebrate communities, and measured as ecological status scores, and number of families and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT). Non-linear regression models of the field-measured tissue residues in 10 taxa related to the ecological status of the macroinvertebrate communities were used to derive effective tissue residues (ERs). These were estimated for the good/moderate boundary defined by the ecological quality ratio (EQRs) score and for the 50% reduction of EQR and EPT metrics. As, Cu, Hg and Se ERs were calculated for several macroinvertebrate taxa with different feeding styles. The ER dataset allowed us to estimate As and Cu hazardous concentrations (HC), using species sensitivity distribution models, and were interpreted as community thresholds. Further studies for Hg and Se are needed to complete the database required for HC estimation. The reliability and differences of the several thresholds were tested in a risk assessment using a tissue-residue approach (TRA) conducted with field organisms from Cauxa Creek, a tributary from the same basin exposed to high levels of metals in the sediments due to gold mining activities. This risk assessment identified that As and Cu tissue residues satisfactorily explained the reduction in the ecological status of the macroinvertebrate assemblages. Our results indicate that TRA can help in setting future environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic biota.
Graphical Abstract
Diagnostic performance of an algorithm for automated collateral scoring on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Wolff Lennard , Uniken Venema Simone M. , Luijten Sven P. R. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Martens Jasper M. , Bernsen Marie Louise E. , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , van Doormaal Pieter Jan , Dippel Diederik W. J. , van Zwam Wim , van Walsum Theo , van der Lugt Aad ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Outcome of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients depends on collateral circulation to provide blood supply to the ischemic territory. We evaluated the performance of a commercially available algorithm for assessing the collateral score (CS) in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods
Retrospectively, baseline CTA scans (≤ 3-mm slice thickness) with an intracranial carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery segment M1 or M2 occlusion, from the MR CLEAN Registry (n = 1627) were evaluated. All CTA scans were evaluated for visual CS (0–3) by eight expert radiologists (reference standard). A Web-based AI algorithm quantified the collateral circulation (0–100%) for correctly detected occlusion sides. Agreement between visual CS and categorized automated CS (0: 0%, 1: > 0– ≤ 50%, 2: > 50– < 100%, 3: 100%) was assessed. Area under the curve (AUC) values for classifying patients in having good (CS: 2–3) versus poor (CS: 0–1) collaterals and for predicting functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0–2) were computed. Influence of CTA acquisition timing after contrast material administration was reported.

Results
In the analyzed scans (n = 1024), 59% agreement was found between visual CS and automated CS. An AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90) was found for discriminating good versus poor CS. Timing of CTA acquisition did not influence discriminatory performance. AUC for predicting functional independence was 0.66 (95% CI 0.62–0.69) for automated CS, similar to visual CS 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.68).

Conclusions
The automated CS performs similar to radiologists in determining a good versus poor collateral score and predicting functional independence in acute ischemic stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion.

Key Points
• Software for automated quantification of intracerebral collateral circulation on computed tomography angiography performs similar to expert radiologists in determining a good versus poor collateral score.
• Software for automated quantification of intracerebral collateral circulation on computed tomography angiography performs similar to expert radiologists in predicting functional independence in acute ischemic stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion.
• The timing of computed tomography angiography acquisition after contrast material administration did not influence the performance of automated quantification of the collateral status.
Pulmonary artery sensor system pressure monitoring to improve heart failure outcomes (PASSPORT-HF): rationale and design of the PASSPORT-HF multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Störk Stefan , Bernhardt Alexandra , Böhm Michael , Brachmann Johannes , Dagres Nikolaos , Frantz Stefan , Hindricks Gerd , Köhler Friedrich , Zeymer Uwe , Rosenkranz Stephan , Angermann Christiane , Aßmus Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Remote monitoring of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III heart failure (HF) using daily transmission of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure values has shown a reduction in HF-related hospitalizations and improved quality of life in patients.

Objectives
PASSPORT-HF is a prospective, randomized, open, multicenter trial evaluating the effects of a hemodynamic-guided, HF nurse-led care approach using the CardioMEMS™ HF-System on clinical end points.

Methods and results
The PASSPORT-HF trial has been commissioned by the German Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) to ascertain the efficacy of PA pressure-guided remote care in the German health-care system. PASSPORT-HF includes adult HF patients in NYHA functional class III, who experienced an HF-related hospitalization within the last 12 months. Patients with reduced ejection fraction must be on stable guideline-directed pharmacotherapy. Patients will be randomized centrally 1:1 to implantation of a CardioMEMS™ sensor or control. All patients will receive post-discharge support facilitated by trained HF nurses providing structured telephone-based care. The trial will enroll 554 patients at about 50 study sites. The primary end point is a composite of the number of unplanned HF-related rehospitalizations or all-cause death after 12 months of follow-up, and all events will be adjudicated centrally. Secondary end points include device/system-related complications, components of the primary end point, days alive and out of hospital, disease-specific and generic health-related quality of life including their sub-scales, and laboratory parameters of organ damage and disease progression.

Conclusions
PASSPORT-HF will define the efficacy of implementing hemodynamic monitoring as a novel disease management tool in routine outpatient care.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04398654, 13-MAY-2020.

Graphical abstract
Random walks on hyperbolic spaces: Concentration inequalities and probabilistic Tits alternative
Authors: Aoun Richard , Sert Cagri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe goal of this article is two-fold: in a first part, we prove Azuma–Hoeffding type concentration inequalities around the drift for the displacement of non-elementary random walks on hyperbolic spaces. For a proper hyperbolic spaceM, we obtain explicit bounds that depend only onM, the size of support of the measure as in the classical case of sums of independent random variables, and on the norm of the driving probability measure in the left regular representation of the group of isometries. We obtain uniform bounds in the case of hyperbolic groups and effective bounds for simple linear groups of rank-one. In a second part, using our concentration inequalities, we give quantitative finite-time estimates on the probability that two independent random walks on the isometry group of a hyperbolic space generate a free non-abelian subgroup. Our concentration results follow from a more general, but less explicit statement that we prove for cocycles which satisfy a certain cohomological equation. For example, this also allows us to obtain subgaussian concentration bounds around the top Lyapunov exponent of random matrix products in arbitrary dimension.
Determination of thermal sensation levels for Koreans based on perceived temperature and climate chamber experiments with hot and humid settings
Authors: Kang Misun , Kim Kyu Rang , Lee Joo-Young , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeople perceive thermal sensation differently despite the same temperature value of thermal comfort index depending on various factors such as climate, culture, and physiological characteristics. The use of the thermal comfort index without optimization may lead to biases in assessment of thermal stress and sensation. This study aims to derive the perceived temperature (PT) ranges of thermal sensation levels related to heat stress for Koreans. The experiments were designed using a controlled environmental chamber to derive the PT ranges and were performed with subjects who are residents of Seoul, South Korea. The experiments were carried out in the summers of 2017 and 2018, and the thermal sensation votes were surveyed from 19 subjects whose mean age, height, weight, and body mass index were 22.5 years, 171 cm, 72 kg, and 23 kg⋅m−2, respectively. The derived PT ranges for Koreans led to a better performance than the reference PT ranges for Germans based on the results of validation. The thresholds of ‘Warm,’ ‘Hot,’ and ‘Very hot’ thermal sensation classes for Koreans were 28 °C, 36 °C, and 43 °C, respectively: higher than those for Germans. The results indicate that Koreans may have higher heat resistance or lower heat sensitivity than Germans.
Best practice approaches to outpatient management of people living with Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Demleitner Antonia F. , Wolff Andreas W. , Erber Johanna , Gebhardt Friedemann , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. , Kolbe-Busch Susanne , Chaberny Iris F. , Lingor Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is rising, rendering it one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment and monitoring of patients require regular specialized in- and outpatient care. Patients with PD are more likely to have a complicated disease course if they become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Regular in-hospital appointments place these patients at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to travel and contact with other patients and staff. However, guidelines for the management of outpatients with PD during times of increased risk of infection are currently lacking. These are urgently needed to conduct risk–benefit evaluations to recommend the best medical treatment. This article discusses best practice approaches based on the current literature, as suggested by the multidisciplinary Network of University Medicine (NUM) in Germany. These include measures such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing measures, and appropriate testing strategies in outpatient settings, which can minimize the risk of exposure. Furthermore, the urgency of appointments should be considered. Visits of low urgency may be conducted by general practitioners or via telemedicine consultations, whereas in-person presentation is required in case of moderate and high urgency visits. Classification of urgency should be carried out by skilled medical staff, and telemedicine (telephone or video consultations) may be a useful tool in this situation. The currently approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are safe and effective for patients with PD and play a key role in minimizing infection risk for patients with PD.
Präklinische Daten zum Trauma in Extremitätenarterien
Authors: Klocker Josef , Heuberger Sophia Anna Elisabeth , Gratl Alexandra , Kluckner Michaela , Wipper Sabine 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Universitätsklinik Innsbruck (Österreich) ist ein Traumazentrum mit großem Einzugsgebiet. Wir analysierten retrospektiv Aspekte der präklinischen Versorgung der PatientInnen mit traumatischen Extremitätenarterienverletzungen (Entfernung des Unfallorts, boden- vs. luftgebundener Transport, direkte vs. indirekte Einlieferung) und deren möglichen Einfluss auf Ergebnisparameter (Letalität, Extremitätenerhalt, Folgeoperationen und Länge des Krankenhausaufenthalts).

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Kohortenstudie unter Einschluss aller PatientInnen mit rekonstruierten Extremitätenarterienverletzungen, die in der Zeit vom 01.01.2004 bis zum 31.12.2018 behandelt worden waren. Ausschlusskriterien waren iatrogene Gefäßverletzungen, konservativ behandelte Läsionen, mittels Ligatur oder Embolisation behandelte Läsionen und Läsionen an Seitenästen der Hauptarterien.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 113 PatientInnen eingeschlossen, davon 59 an der oberen und 54 an der unteren Extremität. Unfallmechanismen waren 34,5 % Sport- und Freizeitunfälle, 23 % Arbeitsunfälle und 20,4 % Verkehrsunfälle. Der PatientInnentransport erfolgte signifikant häufiger direkt als indirekt (59,3 % vs. 40,7 %; p < 0,05), allerdings mit beträchtlichen Unterschieden an oberer bzw. unterer Extremität abhängig vom Unfallmechanismus. Sowohl der direkte als auch indirekte Transport erfolgte signifikant häufiger luftgebunden via Hubschrauber. Entfernung des Unfallorts, Transportmodalität und direkte bzw. indirekte Zutransferierung hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf Letalität, Extremitätenerhalt, Häufigkeit von Folgeoperationen und die Länge des Krankenhausaufenthalts.

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere retrospektive Datenanalyse zeigt, dass die Zentralisierung der Versorgung von traumatischen Extremitätenarterienverletzungen keine Nachteile für PatientInnen, aus entfernteren Landesteilen nach sich zieht. Ebenso gibt es keinen Unterschied der Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der direkten Einlieferung oder späteren Zutransferierung nach zügig durchgeführter Erstversorgung und Erstuntersuchung auswärts.
Practice-relevant model validation: distributional parameter risk analysis in financial model risk management
Authors: Cummins Mark , Gogolin Fabian , Kearney Fearghal , Kiely Greg , Murphy Bernard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn objective of model validation within organisations is to provide guidance on model selection decisions that balance the operational effectiveness and structural complexity of competing models. We consider a practice-relevant model validation scenario where a financial quantitative analysis team seeks to decide between incumbent and alternative models on the basis of parameter risk. We devise a model risk management methodology that gives a meaningful distributional assessment of parameter risk in a setting where market calibration and historical estimation procedures must be jointly applied. Such a scenario is typically driven by data constraints that preclude market calibration only. We demonstrate our proposed methodology in a natural gas storage modelling context, where model usage is necessary to support profit and loss reporting, and to inform trading and hedging strategy. We leverage our distributional parameter risk approach to devise an accessible technique to support model selection decisions.
The observed age gradient in the Milky Way—as a test for theories of spiral arm structure
Authors: Vallée Jacques P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome important predictions from 4 main models of spiral arm formation are tested here, using observational data acquired for the Milky Way galaxy. Many spiral arm models (density wave, tidal wave, nuclear Lyapunov tube, or dynamic transient wave) have some consistencies with some of the observations, and some inconsistencies.Our 4 tests consist of the relative locations and relative speeds of different arm tracers away from the dust lane, and the global arm pitch angle as obtained over two Galactic quadrants and several Galactic radii, as well as the arm’s continuity of shape from Galactic quadrant IV to Galactic quadrant I.In the Milky Way, an age gradient is observed from different arm tracers, amounting to $12.9 \pm 1.1$
12.9
±
1.1
Myrs/kpc, or a relative speed from the dust lane of $76 \pm 10$
76
±
10
km/s. The presence of an age gradient is predicted by the density waves, but is not consistent with the predictions of the tidal waves, of the nuclear Lyapunov tubes, nor of the dynamic transient recurrent waves.
System Dynamics of Cognitive Vulnerabilities and Family Support Among Latina Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hovmand Peter S. , Calzada Esther J. , Gulbas Lauren E. , Kim Su Yeong , Chung Saras , Kuhlberg Jill , Hausmann-Stabile Carolina , Zayas Luis H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper describes an approach to developing a data-driven development of a feedback theory of cognitive vulnerabilities and family support focused on understanding the dynamics experienced among Latina children, adolescents, and families. Family support is understood to be a response to avoidant and maladaptive behaviors that may be characteristic of cognitive vulnerabilities commonly associated depression and suicidal ideation. A formal feedback theory is developed, appraised, and analyzed using a combination of secondary analysis of qualitative interviews (N = 30) and quantitative analysis using system dynamics modeling and simulation. Implications for prevention practice, treatment, and future research are discussed.
‘We can talk the talk, but we’re not allowed to walk the walk’: the role of equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article draws on interviews with 41 equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England who were not members of the Race Equality Charter (REC). It uses the concept of Whiteness and White privilege to argue that within the framework of White normative practices, the role of equality and diversity staff are used as a smokescreen to perpetuate a system of White privilege. Higher education institutions who are not members of the REC do not invest in such initiatives to protect their own White interests. Rather, they give the appearance of addressing equalities under the guise of the Equality Act (2010). The article argues that in order for racial inequalities to be addressed, policy making such as the REC must be mandatory. Furthermore, higher education institutions must consider how they empower equality and diversity staff in order that they have the time, resources and commitment from senior managers to instigate real organisational change.
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Toluene and n-Butane Determined from Speed of Sound Data
Authors: Hawary Ahmed El , Meier Karsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe method of thermodynamic integration is applied to calculate accurate data for the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacity of toluene and n-butane from speed of sound data sets measured previously in our laboratory. Values for the density and isobaric heat capacity on the initial isobar for the integration are derived from very accurate density and speed of sound data sets using well-known thermodynamic relations. The relative expanded uncertainties (at the 0.95 confidence level) in the derived values for the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities are estimated to be 0.011 %, 0.3 %, and 0.4 % for toluene and 0.02 %, 0.5 %, and 0.7 % for n-butane, respectively. Comparisons with experimental data, values of other authors derived by the thermodynamic integration, and equations of state show that our values for both fluids are more accurate than most data available in the literature. Moreover, the domain of the thermodynamic integration for toluene extends down to 240 K and covers lower temperatures than recently considered by other authors. The derived values for the isobaric heat capacity of n-butane fill a gap as this property has hitherto only been measured at ambient pressure. Because of their low uncertainty, the values of the derived properties reported in this work in combination with recent data of other authors are useful for developing new and improved equations of state for both fluids.
Evolution and stability of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole inhibitor film upon Al alloy 6061
Authors: Jakeria Mohd Rafiuddin , Toh Rou Jun , Chen Xiao-Bo , Cole Ivan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic corrosion inhibitors have become competent alternatives to hazardous chrome conversion coatings due to their rapid adsorption over metal surfaces in corrosive environments. Literature suggests a wide range of organic corrosion inhibitors with high inhibition efficiency, barrier properties, and adsorption mechanisms. However, the long-term durability and protectiveness of an organic inhibitor film need to be understood with in-depth insights on its interaction with heterogenous alloy surfaces like AA6xxx, reduction of galvanic activities and time-resolved degradation due to ionic diffusion. The present article is focused on the time-resolved adsorption and degradation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI)-induced inhibitor layer/film over AA6061 in 0.1 M NaCl solution. Electrochemical and surface analysis data indicate that the presence of 2-MBI drives the rapid formation of a 20–30 nm thick protective film comprised of constitutional elements of C, S, and N from 2-MBI upon the surface of AA6061 substrate. This film mitigated the corrosion cells associated with nano- and micro-sized Fe and Si-rich intermetallic particles (IMPs) in AA6061. XPS reveals two distinguished bonding states of S and N in the inhibitor film and chemical interactions between 2-MBI and the surface of AA6061. The protective film maintained 65% inhibiting efficiency after 1 day, which progressively degraded due to electrolyte ingress and eventually with a drop in inhibition efficiency down to 21% after 14 days. Inhibitor-induced film over AA6061 reduced the corrosion susceptibility of Fe, and Si-rich IMPs up to 1 day given the subsequent adsorption by S and N heteroatoms. However, this film became thick and defective after 1 day, which undermined its barrier properties against ingress of aggressive ions and facilitated water adsorption.Graphical abstract