bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exostoma dhritiae, a new sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from the Brahmaputra River drainage, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: SINGH PRATIMA , KOSYGIN LAISHRAM , GURUMAYUM SHANTABALA DEVI , RATH SHIBANANDA 
Published: December 2022

A new species of sisorid catfish of the genus Exostoma is described from the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. The new species, Exostoma dhritiae, can be distinguished from congeners by the condition of the posterior extremity of the adipose-fin base, the degree of tuberculation on the dorsal surface of the head, and the shape of striae on the anterolateral surface of lips. Further, it is distinguished by the morphometric data for the body depth at the anus, maxillary barbel length, adipose fin base length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle depth and the number of branched pectoral-fin rays. It is the twentieth reported species of Exostoma.
An Efficient Ensemble Technique for Hydrologic Forecasting Driven by Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Vergara Humberto , Gourley Jonathan J. , Erickson Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Uncertainty in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models manifests in errors in the amounts of rainfall, storm structure, storm location, and timing, among other precipitation characteristics. In flash flood forecasting applications, errors in the QPFs can translate into significant uncertainty in forecasts of surface water flows and their impacts. In particular, the QPF errors in location and structure result in errors on flow paths, which can be highly detrimental in identifying locations susceptible to flash flood impacts. To account for this type of uncertainty, the neighboring pixel ensemble technique (NPET) was devised and implemented as a postprocessing algorithm of deterministic or ensemble outputs from a distributed hydrologic model. The aim of the technique is to address displaced hydrologic responses resulting from location biases in QPFs using a probabilistic approach. NPET identifies a sampling region surrounding each forecast pixel and builds an ensemble of surface water flow values considering the pixel’s physiographic similarities. The probabilistic information produced with NPET can be calibrated through a set of tunable parameters that are adjusted to account for NWP-specific QPF error characteristics. The utility of NPET is demonstrated for the Ellicott City flash flood event on 27 May 2018, using products and tools routinely used in the U.S. National Weather Service for warning operations. Results from this case demonstrate that NPET effectively conveys uncertainty information about QPF precipitation location in a hydrologic context.

Significance Statement
This study introduces a new method suitable for operational use called the neighboring pixel ensemble technique (NPET). NPET is an algorithm that generates ensemble-based streamflow forecasts accounting for the location uncertainties in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) without the requirement of multiple hydrologic model runs. NPET is capable of this feat through probabilistic assimilation of a priori QPF displacement information and its uncertainty. The application of NPET with the Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) project shows the technique could be beneficial for flash flood warning operations in the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS). It is envisioned that the application of NPET with Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS)-forced FLASH outputs will further enhance the quality of flash flood forecasts that support NWS warning operations.
Frequency of histologic lesions in the kidneys of cats without kidney disease
Authors: Quimby Jessica M , McLeland Shannon M , Cianciolo Rachel E , Lunn Katharine F , Lulich Jody P , Erickson Andrea , Barron Lara B 
Published: December 2022

Objectives In humans, renal aging is associated with an increased frequency of glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation and tubular atrophy. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of renal histopathologic lesions in cats without kidney disease. Methods A cross-sectional study of archival kidney tissue from 74 cats without kidney disease (serum creatinine <1.6 mg/dl; urine specific gravity >1.035) was carried out: 0–4 years (young, n = 18); 5–9 years (mature, n = 16); 10–14 years (senior, n = 34), 15+ years (geriatric, n = 6). Glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and the presence or absence of lipid in the interstitium and tubules were scored by a pathologist masked to clinical data. Statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. Results Geriatric cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than mature ( P = 0.01) and young cats ( P = 0.004). Senior cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than young cats ( P = 0.006). Glomerulosclerosis was weakly positively correlated with age ( r = 0.48; P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than mature ( P = 0.02) and young cats ( P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than young cats ( P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more inflammation than senior cats ( P = 0.02), mature cats ( P = 0.01) and young cats ( P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more inflammation than young cats ( P = 0.004). Geriatric and senior cats had significantly more fibrosis than young cats ( P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Frequency of tubular lipid increased with age (young: 28%; mature: 56%; senior: 79%; geriatric: 100%) as did the frequency of interstitial lipid (young: 22%, mature: 56%, senior: 85%, geriatric: 100%). Conclusions and relevance Evidence of renal aging exists in cats. These changes imply that the aging kidney may be more susceptible to injury and impaired healing.
Genetic variation in histone modifications and gene expression identifies regulatory variants in the mammary gland of cattle
Authors: Prowse-Wilkins Claire P. , Lopdell Thomas J. , Xiang Ruidong , Vander Jagt Christy J. , Littlejohn Mathew D. , Chamberlain Amanda J. , Goddard Michael E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Causal variants for complex traits, such as eQTL are often found in non-coding regions of the genome, where they are hypothesised to influence phenotypes by regulating gene expression. Many regulatory regions are marked by histone modifications, which can be assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). Sequence reads from ChIP-seq form peaks at putative regulatory regions, which may reflect the amount of regulatory activity at this region. Therefore, eQTL which are also associated with differences in histone modifications are excellent candidate causal variants.

Results
We assayed the histone modifications H3K4Me3, H3K4Me1 and H3K27ac and mRNA in the mammary gland of up to 400 animals. We identified QTL for peak height (histone QTL), exon expression (eeQTL), allele specific expression (aseQTL) and allele specific binding (asbQTL). By intersecting these results, we identify variants which may influence gene expression by altering regulatory regions of the genome, and may be causal variants for other traits. Lastly, we find that these variants are found in putative transcription factor binding sites, identifying a mechanism for the effect of many eQTL.

Conclusions
We find that allele specific and traditional QTL analysis often identify the same genetic variants and provide evidence that many eQTL are regulatory variants which alter activity at regulatory regions of the bovine genome. Our work provides methodological and biological updates on how regulatory mechanisms interplay at multi-omics levels.
Effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on cerebral microcirculation at baseline and during global brain ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits
Authors: Kondo Daisuke , Asano Nobumasa , Ishiyama Tadahiko , Shintani Noriyuki , Matsukawa Takashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the brain becomes ischemic. Adrenaline and vasopressin have been recommended for use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We aimed to investigate the direct effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on the cerebral microvasculature at baseline and during ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits.

Methods
The closed cranial window method was used to visualize the cerebral microcirculation and changes in the pial arteriole diameter in rabbits. Adrenaline and vasopressin were administered topically on the brain tissue. First, the effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on pial arterioles were evaluated in 7 rabbits that were given 4 different concentrations of adrenaline, and another 7 rabbits that received 4 different concentrations of vasopressin. Second, the effects of adrenaline and vasopressin were determined during the global brain ischemia and reperfusion, which was induced by clamping the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries for 15 min. An additional 21 rabbits were randomly assigned to receive artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) (n = 7), adrenaline 10–5 mol/L (n = 7), or vasopressin 10–7 mol/L (n = 7). Each drug was continuously infused from 5 min after the initiation of ischemia until 120 min after reperfusion. The pial arteriole diameters were recorded before and during ischemia, and after reperfusion.

Results
At baseline, adrenaline and vasopressin did not affect the cerebral pial arterioles. During ischemia, vasopressin, but not aCSF and adrenaline constricted the pial vessels. Late in the reperfusion phase, pial diameter became reduced in the vasopressin and aCSF groups whereas pial diameter was higher in the animals treated with adrenaline.

Conclusions
Adrenaline and vasopressin did not affect pial arterioles at baseline. During reperfusion, adrenaline may counteract the cerebral vasoconstriction.
The influences of timing of urgent endoscopy in patients with acute variceal bleeding: a cohort study
Authors: Yan Xiaohan , Leng Zhuyun , Xu Qinwei , Zhang Zehua , Xu Meidong , Li Jingze 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
There has always been a debate on the optimal timing of endoscopy in patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB).

Objective
This study aimed to examine the relation between the timing of endoscopy and the short-term outcomes of patients with AVB.

Methods
Patients with AVB who underwent endoscopy within 24 h after admission at our tertiary care center from 2014 to 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The primary outcomes were the 6-week mortality and re-bleeding. The secondary outcomes included the total number of blood units transfused, the length of hospital stay, and the need for salvage therapy. We used Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the predictors of 6-week mortality in all patients as well as in those who were at high risk of further bleeding or death.

Results
A total of 312 patients were enrolled. Among them, 170 patients (54.49%) underwent urgent endoscopy (< 6 h), and 142 patients (45.51%) underwent early endoscopy (6–24 h). There were no significant differences between the urgent-endoscopy group and the early-endoscopy group, regarding the 6-week mortality (16.47% vs. 10.56%; P value = 0.132) and 6-week re-bleeding rate (11.2% vs. 16.2%; P value = 0.196). In multivariate analysis, time to endoscopy was independent of 6-week mortality (P value = 0.170), but the time between the beginning of bleeding and endoscopy (within 12 h) was significantly associated with low 6-week mortality (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06–0.46; P value = 0.001). Time to endoscopy was still not associated with 6-week mortality in patients at high risk for further bleeding or death (Glasgow-Blatchford score ≥ 12, n = 138, P value = 0.902).

Conclusions
Endoscopy performed within 6 h of admission, rather than within 6 to 24 h, did not improve six-week clinical outcomes in patients in stable condition with AVB and even those who were at high risk of further bleeding and death.
Why twin studies are important for health span science research: the case of maltreatment of aging adults
Authors: Boutwell Brian B. , Narvey Chelsey S. , Helton Jesse J. , Piquero Alex R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAverage life expectancies have lengthened across human history. As a result, there is an increased need to care for a greater number of individuals experiencing common age-related declines in health. This has helped to spur a rapidly increasing focus on understanding “health span”, the portion of the life-course spent functionally healthy. Yet to penetrate the science of health span, however, is a topic which seems fundamental to the ability to age in functional and healthy ways, and has received considerable attention in other fields. As more of the population ages, the risk of exposure to abuse and neglect among older citizens not only rises, but can manifest as bothcauseandeffectof declining health span. Among our goals here is to make a case for including this subject among the other central components of health span science. In so doing, we also outline reasons why quantitative genetic designs using samples of twins can be a versatile tool for improving causal inference when studying maltreatment among older persons specifically, but also on a range of other health span topics in general.
Global cognitive function is associated with sex, educational level, occupation type, and speech recognition rate in older Chinese adults: a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Gu Hailing , Yao Xinyi , Diao Cong , Liu Min , Kong Weili , Liu Haotian , Zhao Yu , Meng Zhaoli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The development of cognitive impairment may be delayed if its risk factors are identified and detected, if its developmental trend can be predicted, and if early intervention can be performed. This study primarily aimed to investigate the association between global cognitive function and hearing loss, educational level, and occupation type and to determine any differences in such associations according to sex among older Chinese adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we prospectively recruited 219 individuals above 55 years old in an otolaryngology outpatient clinic who could write independently and had no severe vision impairment. Audiometric examinations included otoscopy, acoustic immittance, pure-tone audiometry, and speech audiometry for each ear. Cognitive function was evaluated by using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between variables and MMSE scores after adjusting for independent variables that were statistically significant in the univariable analyses.

Results
We enrolled 219 individuals: 98 men (mean ± standard deviation age, 63.08 ± 6.64 years) and 121 women (62.64 ± 7.17 years). The overall MMSE scores of the normal hearing group and the mild, moderate, and severe-to-profound hearing loss groups were 24.00 (5.00), 24.00 (5.00), 23.00 (5.00), and 23.00 (13.00), respectively. MMSE scores were higher among participants with higher educational levels (p < 0.001) and were significantly correlated with occupation type (p < 0.001). MMSE scores were significantly higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). However, after the analysis of the five subdomains, significant differences were only observed for attention and calculation (p < 0.001) and language (p = 0.011). We further compared the distribution of educational levels between men and women by using the chi-square test; there was no significant difference in educational level between the sexes (p = 0.070).

Conclusions
We reported statistically significant relationships between global cognitive function and sex, educational level, and occupation type. Sex-specific strategies may be required to improve healthcare policies.
Evaluating renal microcirculation in patients with acute kidney injury by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: a protocol for an observational cohort study
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Chen Luzeng , Su Tao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients has poor renal outcome with high mortality. Changes in intra-renal microcirculation and tissue oxygenation are currently considered essential pathophysiological mechanisms to the development and progression of AKI. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) derived parameters in biopsy-proven AKI patients, and examine the predictive value of these markers for renal outcome.

Methods and design
This prospective observational study will enroll AKI patients who are diagnosed and staging following KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria. All patients undergo a kidney biopsy and pathological tubulointerstitial nephropathy is confirmed. The CEUS examination will be performed at 0, 4 and 12 weeks after biopsy to monitor renal microcirculation. The percentage decrease of serum creatinine, 4-week and 12-week eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) will also be reviewed as renal prognosis. The relationship of CEUS parameters with clinical and pathological markers will be analyzed. We perform a lassologit procedure to select potential affecting variables, including clinical, laboratory indexes and CEUS markers, to be included in the logistic regression model, and examine their predictive performance to AKI outcomes.

Discussion
If we are able to show that CEUS derived parameters contribute to diagnosis and prognosis of AKI, the quality of life of patients will be improved while healthcare costs will be reduced.

Trial registration
This study is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Medical Research Registration information System(https://61.49.19.26/login) on December 31, 2021: MR-11–22-003,503. This study has been approved by the Ethics and Scientific Research Department of Peking University First Hospital.
Distribution of endotoxin in maternal and fetal body with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its association with adverse fetal outcome
Authors: Huang Xiaomei , Lei Lei , Feng Fan , Shao Yong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a pregnancy-specific liver disease. In this study, we sought to explore the distribution of lipopolysaccharide in the maternal body, and its effect on the fetal body in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy mice. It provides a new sight for the clinical treatment of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Methods
The serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were analyzed. To assess the association between lipopolysaccharide levels and adverse fetal outcomes, ursodeoxycholic acid, resveratrol, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor were employed in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy mice, and we studied the fluorescence intensity and distribution of lipopolysaccharide in mice with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Results
Our data indicated significantly elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that the intensity of lipopolysaccharide in mice with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was higher than that in the control group, and decreased after ursodeoxycholic and resveratrol treatment. The fluorescence intensity analysis indicated that lipopolysaccharide levels in maternal liver, placenta, fetal brain and fetal liver were significantly higher in the intrahepatic cholestasis pregnancy mice group than in the control group.

Conclusions
This study provided evidence of endotoxin distribution in maternal liver, placenta, fetal liver and fetal brain in mice with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Ursodeoxycholic acid and resveratrol treatment effectively reduced lipopolysaccharide levels in pregnant mice with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Antimicrobial resistance of enteric pathogens in the Military Health System, 2009 – 2019
Authors: Ashbaugh Hayley , Pomeroy Connor D. , Baishya Mona , Creppage Kathleen , Bazaco Sara , Johnson Myles , Matsumoto Kenji , Bhattarai Upendra , Seliga Nicholas , Graf Paul , Chukwuma Uzo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute diarrhea (AD) can have significant impacts on military troop readiness. Medical providers must understand current trends of enteropathogen antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in service members (SMs) to inform proper, timely treatment options. However, little is known of enteric pathogen profiles across the Military Health System (MHS). The primary objectives of this study were to identify gaps in enteric pathogen surveillance within the MHS, describe the epidemiology of AMR in enteric pathogens, and identify trends across the MHS both within the Continental United States (CONUS) and outside of the Continental United States (OCONUS).

Methods
Health Level 7 (HL7)-formatted laboratory data were queried for all specimens where Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species, as well as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) (STEC) were isolated and certified between 1 January 2009 - 31 December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results were queried and summarized where available. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each organism by specimen source, year, and susceptibility testing availability.

Results
Among a total of 13,852 enteric bacterial isolates, 11,877 (86%) were submitted from CONUS locations. Out of 1479 Shigella spp. and 6755 Salmonella spp. isolates, 1221 (83%) and 5019 (74%), respectively, reported any susceptibility results through the MHS. Overall, only 15% of STEC and 4% of Campylobacter spp. specimens had AST results available. Comparing AST reporting at CONUS versus OCONUS locations, AST was reported for 1175 (83%) and 46 (78%) of Shigella isolates at CONUS and OCONUS locations, respectively, and for 4591 (76%) and 428 (63%) of Salmonella isolates at CONUS and OCONUS locations, respectively.

Conclusions
This study revealed inconsistent enteropathogen AST conducted across the MHS, with differing trends between CONUS and OCONUS locations. Additional work is needed to assess pathogen-specific gaps in testing and reporting to develop optimal surveillance that supports the health of the force.