bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Neurotization
Authors: Swanson Marco A. , Swanson Roy D. , Kotha Vikas S. , Cai Yida , Clark Robert , Jin Alison , Kumar Anand R. , Davidson Edward H. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Corneal neurotization describes reinnervation of the anesthetic or severely hypoesthetic cornea with a healthy local nerve or graft. Preliminary evidence has shown corneal neurotization to improve corneal sensation, visual acuity, and ocular surface health. Factors that improve patient selection and lead to better neurotization outcomes have yet to be elucidated, limiting ability to optimize perioperative decision-making guidelines.

Methods
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed of the MEDLINE and Embase databases using variations of “corneal,” “nerve transfer,” “neurotization,” and “neurotization.” The primary outcomes of interest were corrected visual acuity, NK Mackie stage, and central corneal sensation. Regression analyses were performed to identify the effects of surgical technique, duration of denervation, patient age, and etiology of corneal pathology on neurotization outcomes.

Results
Seventeen studies were included. Corneal neurotization resulted in significant improvement in NK Mackie stage (0.84 vs 2.46, P < 0.001), visual acuity (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution scale: 0.98 vs 1.36, P < 0.001), and corneal sensation (44.5 vs 0.7, P < 0.001). Nerve grafting was associated with greater corneal sensation improvement than nerve transfer (47.7 ± 16.0 vs 35.4 ± 18.76, P = 0.03). Denervation duration was predictive of preneurotization visual acuity (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution scale; R
2 = 0.25, P = 0.001), and older age (ß = 0.30, P = 0.03) and acquired etiology (ß = 0.30, P = 0.03) were predictive of improved visual acuity.

Conclusions
Corneal neurotization provides significant clinical improvement in visual acuity, NK Mackie staging, and corneal sensation in patients who experience NK. Both nerve grafting and nerve transfer are likely to yield similar levels of benefit and ideally should be performed early to limit denervation time.
Patient Understanding of Provider Credentials and Selection of Plastic Surgery Providers
Authors: Parus Anamaria , Hartmann Thomas , Foley Brandon J. , Plank David M. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Many physicians who are not board-certified plastic surgeons have started performing aesthetic procedures, leading to unsafe practices that jeopardize patients' health.

Methods
Patients of a cosmetic and reconstructive private plastic surgery practice were asked to complete a survey that assessed their understanding of plastic surgeon credentials and advertising practices, and what influences their choice of a plastic surgeon.

Results
Eighty-five patients completed the survey, with 37.2% reporting prior aesthetic surgery; 84.9% were unaware of the lack of legal regulations governing the advertising practices of physicians. When asked if a doctor can perform surgery to improve their appearance without being a board-certified plastic surgeon, 22.1% responded “yes,” 50% responded “no,” and 27.9% responded “I don't know;” 98.8% reported a sense of comfort knowing their provider is board-certified in plastic surgery. When asked what factors help them decide if a surgeon is knowledgeable and trustworthy, the overwhelming majority reported referral from patients and providers as the most important factor, followed by online ratings and reviews. When deciding whether to recommend a plastic surgeon, personal experience was the most important factor. When deciding who should perform their cosmetic procedure, the most important factor was experience, followed by plastic surgery board certification.

Discussion
Current physician advertising practices lack strict guidelines and are often misleading. Patients would benefit from more thorough education on these practices. Of the various plastic surgeon assessment factors, most patients rely heavily on feedback obtained from patients and providers.
Comorbidity Trends in Patients Requiring Sternectomy and Reconstruction
Authors: Soto Edgar , Kumbla Pallavi A. , Restrepo Ryan D. , Patel Jason J. , Davies James , Aliotta Rachel , Collawn Sherry S. , Denney Brad , Kilic Ali , Patcha Prasanth , Grant John H. , Fix R. Jobe , King Timothy W. , de la Torre Jorge I. , Myers Rene P. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Comorbidity trends after median sternectomy were studied at our institution by Vasconze et al (Comorbidity trends in patients requiring sternectomy and reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54:5). Although techniques for sternal reconstruction have remained unchanged, the patient population has become more complex in recent years. This study offers insight into changing trends in this patient population.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent median sternectomy followed by flap reconstruction at out institution between 2005 and 2020. Comorbidities, reconstruction method, average laboratory values, and complications were analyzed.

Results
A total of 105 patients were identified. Comorbidities noted were diabetes (27%), immunosuppression (16%), hypertension (58%), renal insufficiency (23%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16%), and tobacco utilization (24%). The most common reconstruction methods were omentum (45%) or pectoralis major flaps (34%). Thirty-day mortality rates were 10%, and presence of at least 1 complication was 34% (hematoma, seroma, osteomyelitis, dehiscence, wound infection, flap failure, and graft exposure). Univariate analysis demonstrated that sex (P = 0.048), renal insufficiency, surgical site complication, wound dehiscence, and flap failure (P < 0.05) had statistically significant associations with mortality. In addition, body mass index, creatinine, and albumin had a significant univariate association with mortality (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Similar to the original study, there is an association between renal insufficiency and mortality. However, the mortality rate is decreased to 10%, likely because of improved medical management of patients with increasing comorbidities (80% with greater than one comorbidity). This has led to the increased use of omentum as a first-line option. Subsequent wound dehiscence and flap failure demonstrate an association with mortality, suggesting that increasingly complex patients are requiring a method of reconstruction once used a last resort as a first-line option.
Complication Profile of Total Submuscular Versus Prepectoral Tissue Expander Placement
Authors: Soni Sara E. , Le Nicole K. , Buller Mitchell , Modica Ashley D. , Kumar Ambuj , Smith Paul D. , Laronga Christine 
Published: May 2022

Background
We sought to compare the safety profile of prepectoral breast reconstruction with total submuscular tissue expander reconstruction, previously our standard. Primary outcomes of interest in this retrospective cohort study were incidence of infection, hematoma, seroma, mastectomy flap necrosis, and reconstruction loss.

Methods
Total submuscular and prepectoral with acellular dermal matrix reconstructions consecutively performed by a single surgeon (P.D.S.) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were compared. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as complications and complication types, were extracted for all patients. A t test was used to assess differences in continuous variables. Multivariate logistics regression was used to assess the association between type of reconstruction and complication rate. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 for all comparisons.

Results
A total of 133 patients (234 breasts) were included. There was a significantly greater incidence of infection (16.5% vs 5.5%, P < 0.01) in the prepectoral/acellular dermal matrix cohort. However, reconstructive loss was low in both cohorts (2.5% and 3.0%, P = 0.83). Adjusted odds ratio for complications in the prepectoral cohort was 2.26, but this was not statistically significant (adjusted P = 0.24).

Conclusions
Prepectoral breast reconstruction shares an overall complication profile that is not greater than that of total submuscular reconstruction. It is associated with a greater risk of infection; however, the ability to salvage the reconstruction with early, aggressive intervention results in low rates of reconstructive loss, comparable with those of total submuscular reconstruction.
New Skin Flaps for Triangular Surgical Defects
Authors: Russo-de la Torre Francisco , Iglesias-Zamora María Eugenia , Linares-Barrios Mario , Vieira Ricardo , Lova-Navarro Miguel 
Published: May 2022

Background
Most skin flaps are designed to repair circular surgical defects after skin tumor excisions, but few flaps have been described to reconstruct triangular defects.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe new skin flaps for triangular surgical defects using an innovative experimental model.

Methods
We tested new flap designs in an experimental pig skin model using a tension sensor to measure maximum tension and tension augmentation when the flap is performed in an area of increased basal tension. The results were compared with those from classic flaps. Finally, the new flaps were performed on a series of patients with triangular surgical defects.

Results
Six new flaps with adequate levels of tension were obtained and named after their morphology: spider crab, mantis, toy windmill, nautilus, origami bird, and clover. These new flaps were successfully performed on a series of 40 patients; among them, spider crab and mantis flaps showed a better response to basal tension augmentation.

Conclusions
Six new flaps for triangular surgical defects were proposed and successfully performed in a series of 40 patients, using an experimental pig skin model and a tensiometer.
Does Oral Propranolol Improve the Final Outcome of All Involuted Infantile Hemangiomas? A Matched Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Chang Shih-Jen , Chang Hsiao-Fen , Qiu Yajing , Chang Lei , Jin Yunbo , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: May 2022

Background
Oral propranolol can effectively activate and accelerate infantile hemangioma (IH) involution; however, could the final outcome of oral propranolol treatment for IHs commensurate that of spontaneous involution?

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the long-term therapeutic effect of oral propranolol for IHs.

Methods
We present an individual matching comparative study with (1) oral propranolol therapy for mixed and deep IHs on the lips, nose, and parotid and (2) lesion type– and lesion location–matched untreated IHs as controls. Patients' follow-up photographs were assessed by 3 surgeons blinded of their treatment. Outcome measures were the quantification of the degree of sequelae ranging from 1 to 4 and the age at which IH achieved involution arrest.

Results
Ten groups of oral propranolol and untreated patients with matched lesions were assessed. Average age at which lesions stabilized and reached no change in appearance was 1.7 years old and 6.3 years old for propranolol group and untreated group (t = 5.663, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the quantified degree of sequelae for oral propranolol group and untreated group upon follow-up (1.60 vs 1.40, respectively; t = 1.259, P = 0.240).

Conclusions
Oral propranolol therapy accelerates IH involution but does not have a superior effect than spontaneous involution on the overall outcome of problematic IHs.
Lumbar Artery Perforator Flaps
Authors: Vonu Peter Michael , Chopan Mustafa , Sayadi Lohrasb , Chim Harvey W. , Leyngold Mark 
Published: May 2022

Background
The lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flap has gained popularity as a versatile flap in reconstructive surgery; however, few studies have analyzed salient characteristics of this flap. We set out to provide a comprehensive appraisal of free tissue transfers of LAP flaps with specific attention to anatomic features and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, we identified clinical, radiographic, and cadaveric studies of LAP flaps and assessed outcomes, complications, and anatomic parameters, such as pedicle length, diameter, location, and course.

Results
A total of 254 articles were initially reviewed, of which 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Ten studies were primarily concerned with anatomic characteristics, and most clinical studies related to breast reconstruction. The operative durations varied between 4.8 and 9.2 hours. Partial and total flap losses were estimated at 2.6% and 7.6%, respectively. Acute revision rates ranged from 16% to 24% related to hematoma, arterial thrombus, and venous thrombus. Donor-site seromas were frequently encountered in breast reconstruction with an incidence of 17% to 78%.

Conclusions
The LAP flap has demonstrated favorable outcomes in various reconstructive scenarios. The caudal perforators generally offer more pedicle length, greater pedicle diameter, and septocutaneous course and may be better suited for flap design. For breast reconstruction, the LAP flap is a useful alternative to abdominal-based flaps, and special attention should be given to optimizing pedicle length using interposition grafts and methods that minimize seroma formation at the donor site.
Outcome Analysis of Advanced Oral Cancers Requiring Large Composite Fibular Osteocutaneous Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Joshi Tanmay , Mantri Mayur , Hadgaonkar Sumit , Rao Neeraj , Dhondge Rajendra , Jaiswal Dushyant , Mathews Saumya , Qayyumi Burhanuddin , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant 
Published: May 2022

Background
Advanced oral cancer entailing extensive resection of large parts of the mucosa, bone, and skin require reconstructions with composite free flaps. Our aim was to analyze the outcomes of those oral squamous cell carcinomas requiring fibular osteocutaneous free flaps with large skin defects.

Methods
Perioperative course and histopathological and survival outcomes of 246 consecutive patients warranting composite fibular flaps from January 2010 to June 2015 at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Despite majority of T4 disease (88.2%) and stage IV disease (92%) patients, the 5-year overall survival was 52.1% and the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 48.6% with a median follow-up of 42 months with minimal complications.

Conclusions
Reconstruction with composite fibular osteocutaneous flaps has comparable outcomes of survival with acceptable complications in mega oral squamous cell carcinomas requiring extensive resection.
Chryseobacterium subflavum sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Kong Delong , Wang Yan , Li Qingqing , Zhou Yanzheng , Jiang Xu , Xing Zhen , Wang Zhiye , Ruan Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAMRS1T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hebei Province, PR China. Strain LAMRS1T was able to grow optimally in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.5 and at 30 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain LAMRS1T was closely related to members of the genus

Chryseobacterium

, with highest levels of sequence similarity to

Chryseobacterium soli

DSM 19298T (97.9 %),

Chryseobacterium soldanellicola

DSM 17072T (97.6%) and

Chryseobacterium piperi

CTMT (97.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between LAMRS1T and the closely related species of

C. soli

DSM 19298T,

C. soldanellicola

DSM 17072T and

C. piperi

CTMT were 78.1, 78.2 and 80.7 %, and 21.7, 22.0 and 23.7 %, respectively. The draft genome sequence of LAMRS1T was 4.61 Mb, with DNA G+C content of 36.2 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c and/or C16 : 1
ω7c) constituted the major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four aminolipids, three glycolipids and seven unidentified lipids. On the basis of evidence presented in this study, strain LAMRS1T represents a novel species of the genus

Chryseobacterium

, for which the name Chryseobacterium subflavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAMRS1T (=JCM 33868T=KCTC 72823T).
Projective LDDMM: Mapping Molecular Digital Pathology with Tissue MRI
Authors: Stouffer Kaitlin M. , Witter Menno P. , Tward Daniel J. , Miller Michael I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReconstructing dense 3D anatomical coordinates from 2D projective measurements has become a central problem in digital pathology for both animal models and human studies. We describe a new family of diffeomorphic mapping technologies called Projective LDDMM which generate diffeomorphic mappings of dense human MRI atlases at tissue scales onto sparse measurements at micron scales associated with histological and more general optical imaging modalities. We solve the problem of dense mapping surjectively onto histological sections by incorporating new technologies for crossing modalities that use non-linear scattering transforms to represent multiple radiomic-like textures at micron scales and incorporating a Gaussian mixture-model frame-work for modelling tears and distortions associated to each section. We highlight the significance of our method through incorporation of neuropathological measures and MRI, as relevant to the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and one instance of the integration of imaging data across the scales of clinical imaging and digital pathology.
A machine learning based predictive model for the diagnosis of sepsis
Authors: Delgado Sanchis Juan A. , Signol François , Perez-Cortes Juan-Carlos , García-López Eva M. , Mena-Mollá Salvador , Carbonell-Monleón Nieves , Rodríguez-Gimillo María , García-Giménez José Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe early recognition and treatment of sepsis is essential to increase the probability of survival of the patient. Sepsis is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome influenced by the site of infection, causative microorganisms, acute organ dysfunctions and co-morbidities. So, early diagnosis is a challenge in which complex physiologic, metabolic, biochemical markers and clinical signs must be evaluated simultaneously for a reliable and early identification of sepsis. In this paper, a list of relevant variables involved in sepsis diagnosis is provided. Furthermore, to help answering the question of whether a patient is suffering from sepsis when entering the emergency room, a model based on the machine learning gradient boosting algorithm is proposed. Using three histones H2B, H3, H4 and the activated protein C together with other variables a gradient boosting classifier was trained and evaluated with cross validation. Results show that the model can achieve up to a 97% mean per-class accuracy.
A methodology to generate epidemic scenarios for emerging infectious diseases based on the use of key calendar events
Authors: Acuña-Zegarra M. Adrian , Santana-Cibrian Mario , Hernandez-Vela Carlos E. Rodriguez , Mena Ramsés H. , Velasco-Hernández Jorge X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents a methodology to recreate the observed dynamics of emerging infectious diseases and to generate short-term forecasts for their evolution based on superspreading events occurring on key calendar dates. The method is illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in Mexico and Peru up to January 31, 2022. We also produce scenarios obtained through the estimation of a time-dependent contact rate, with the main assumption that the dynamic of the disease is determined by the mobility and social activity of the population during holidays and other important calendar dates. First, historical changes in the effective contact rate on predetermined dates are estimated. Then, this information is used to forecast scenarios under the assumption that the trends of the effective contact rate observed in the past will be similar on the same but future key calendar dates. All other conditions are assumed to remain constant in the time scale of the projections. One of the main features of the methodology is that it avoids the necessity of fixing values of the dynamic parameters for the whole prediction period. Results show that considering the key dates as reference information is useful to recreate the different outbreaks, slow or fast-growing, that an epidemic can present and, in most cases, make good short-term predictions.
Early life attachment in term and preterm infants
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Lorena , Ginnell Lorna , O’Carroll Sinéad , Ledsham Victoria , Corrigan Amy , Chua Yu Wei , Stoye David Q. , Sullivan Gemma , Hall Jill , Clemens Ann M. , Boardman James P. , Fletcher-Watson Sue 
Published: May 2022

1AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is associated with atypical cognitive and socioemotional outcomes in childhood. Secure infant attachment protects against adverse outcomes, but could be modified by alterations in the early caregiving environment inherent to essential neonatal intensive care or co-morbidities of preterm birth. We aimed to test the hypothesis that preterm birth is associated with differences in infant attachment, and to investigate clinical, neurodevelopmental and socioeconomic variables that are associated with infant attachment.Methods82 preterm and 75 term infants with mean (range) gestational age at birth 29.5 (22.1 – 32.9) and 39.6 (36.4 – 42.1) weeks, respectively, completed the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP) at nine months of corrected age. Attachment dimensions and categories were obtained from infant responses to the SFP during the reunion episode using a published coding scheme, and an alternative principal component (PC) and clustering strategy. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and socioeconomic status was operationalized as neighborhood deprivation.ResultsPreterm and term infants significantly differed in fretfulness, attentional PC scores and in their distribution between attachment clusters (p-values ≤ 0.3); with preterm infants exhibiting less fretful and more neutral responses to the SFP. Preterm and term infants did not significantly differ in distress, attentiveness to caregivers, emotional PC scores, or in their distribution between attachment styles (p-values ≥ .13). In the whole sample, fretfulness correlated with socioeconomic deprivation (rs= −0.18, p-value = .02).ConclusionsData reveal subtle attachment differences between preterm and term infants at nine months of age, which may not always be captured by traditional approaches for categorizing attachment. Findings suggests that caregiver-infant attachment relationships may not be fully resilient to the effects of prematurity on the developing infant, but this depends on how attachment is measured. Our results highlight putative links between socioeconomic deprivation and infant attachment that warrant further study.
Forecast Intervals for Infectious Disease Models
Authors: Picard Rick , Osthus Dave 
Published: May 2022

AbstractForecast intervals for infectious disease transmission and mortality have long been overconfident — i.e., the advertised coverage probabilities of those intervals fell short of their subsequent performances. Further, there was no apparent relation between how good models claimed to be (as measured by their purported forecast uncertainties) and how good the models really were (as measured by their actual forecast errors). The main cause of this problem lies in the misapplication of textbook methods for uncertainty quantification. A solution lies in the creative use of predictive tail probabilities to obtain valid interval coverages. This approach is compatible with all probabilistic predictive models whose forecast error behavior does not change “too quickly” over time.