bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catastrophic Impact of Multimorbidity on Households in India: A Cross-Section Analysis of Self-Reported Morbidity from National Sample Survey 2017
Authors: Karan Anup , Farooqui Habib Hasan , Hussain Suhaib , Hussain Mohammad Akhtar , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Mathur Manu Raj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Literature suggest that non-communicable (NCD) diseases cause significant financial burden on the households in India. However, there is little on evidence on catastrophic impact of multimorbidity related out of pocket expenditures on the households. The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on financial implications of multimorbidity on the households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and its catastrophic impact.Methods: We analyzed the Social Consumption - Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017-2018. We estimated prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditures. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated mean OOP expenditure for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission because of multimorbidity and selected NCD for each individuals reporting one or more NCD. We also estimated the catastrophic impact of multimorbidity on the households. Results: Our matched sample analysis suggests that that OOP expenditure was higher for the NCD conditions in presence of multimorbidity (two or more NCDs) as compared to situation with single morbidity (one NCD), except for cancers and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that households reporting catastrophic spending (10% threshold) increased from approximately 46.7% (46.674 - 46.676) under single morbidity (one NCD) scenario to 63.3% (63.359- 63.361) under multimorbidity scenario. The catastrophic impact of cancer among the individual diseases was the highest.Conclusions: This evidence on catastrophic impact of multimorbidity on the households indicate urgent need to implement financial risk protection measures to reduce household’s OOP burden at the country.
A New Certificateless Signcryption Scheme for Securing Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Cui Beibei , Wei Lu , He Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The application of digital signature technology on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is affected by its network and communication environment, which requires low transmission delay, power consumption, and highsecurity requirement. To the best of our knowledge, a well-designed solution that uses signcryption technology has not been proposed in the IoV research area. Motivated by the fact, a certificateless signcryption scheme based on Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, which also considers pseudonym and timestamp mechanism, has been designed in this paper. We prove that our proposed scheme can be reduced to solving the difficulty of the Computational Diffie-Hellman problem under the standard model, show that the scheme meets both security and efficiency requirements, and provides a comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of security analysis, computational cost, and communication cost, demonstrating that our proposed scheme is suitable to be deployed in the IoV environment.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bone and soft tissue tumor treatment: a single institution study
Authors: Ban Yoshitaka , Manabu Hoshi , Oebisu Naoto , Shimatani Akiyoshi , Takada Naoki , Tadashi Iwai , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe damage to routine medical care. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on bone and soft tissue tumor treatment at a single center. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted between two groups of patients who received treatment at Osaka City University Hospital during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (February-December 2020, Group C) and during the same period the previous year (February to December 2019, Group NC). Clinical data, including patient's age, sex, tumor site, type of neoplasms, number of surgical cases for inpatients and outpatients, operation time, use of implant, length of hospital stay, inpatient hospitalization costs, number of inpatients receiving anticancer drugs, and postoperative complications in these two groups were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The number of cases of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors that were resected during hospitalization was predominantly higher in Group C than in Group NC ( P =0.01). There were no significant differences in operation time, use of implant, and postoperative complications between Groups C and NC; however, there were significant differences in the length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost ( P <0.001). Conclusions: Globally, COVID-19 has affected several areas adversely. The present study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the hospitalization cost and length of hospital stay during the treatment of bone and soft tissue tumor.
A Comparison of Malaria Prevention Behaviors, Care-seeking Practices and Barriers Between Malaria at-risk Worksite Migrant Workers and Villagers in Northern Shan State, Myanmar – a Mixed Method Study
Authors: Aung Ye Kyaw , Zin Su Su , Tesfazghi Kemi , Paudel Mahesh , Thet May Me , Thein Si Thu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Migrant populations are at an increased risk of exposure to malaria due to their nature of work and seasonal migration. This study aimed to compare malaria prevention behaviors and care seeking practices among worksite migrant workers and villagers in the malaria-at-risk areas of the Eastern Myanmar close to the China border.Method: A mixed method study was conducted in March 2019. The malaria-at-risk worksites in the targeted four townships, and villages located at the nearest to these worksites were approached. The key stakeholders, such as worksite managers and village leaders, were interviewed.Results: A total of 23 worksites, which employed 880 migrants and 447 locals, and 20 villages, which were homes for 621 migrants and 9731 locals, were successfully interviewed. Regarding malaria prevention behaviors, sleeping under bed net was common among both worksites (74%) and villages (85%). In contrast, insecticide treated nets/long-lasting-insecticidal-nets (ITN/LLIN) usage was much lower among the worksites than villages (39% vs 80%). Regarding care seeking practices for febrile illness, self-medication was a popular choice for both worksite workers and villagers owing to easy availability of western medicine. Moreover, local-belief-driven traditional practices were more common among villagers. On occasions when fever was not relieved, both would seek health care from rural health centers, private clinics, or public hospital. As for barriers, villagers mostly cited language barriers, which often led to misunderstanding between health providers and them. In contrast, most of the worksites cited logistic issues as they were in remote areas with devastated road conditions and the routes to formal health facilities were not secure due to frequent armed conflicts.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that site-workers and villagers had different malaria prevention behaviors and care seeking practices even though they resided in the same geographic area. Hence, it is important to recognize such differences for more effective intervention approaches.
Sensitizing solid tumors to CAR-mediated cytotoxicity using synthetic antigens
Authors: Gamboa Lena , Zamat Ali , Vanover Daryll , Thiveaud Chloé , Peck Hannah , Phuengkham Hathaichanok , Sivakumar Anirudh , Harris Adrian , Dahotre Shreyas , Su Fang-Yi , Santangelo Philip , Kwong Gabriel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
CAR T cell immunotherapy relies on CAR targeting of tumor-associated antigens, yet heterogenous antigen expression, interpatient variation, and off-tumor expression by healthy cells remain barriers. Here, we develop synthetic antigens to sensitize solid tumors for recognition and elimination by CAR T cells. Unlike tumor-associated antigens, we design synthetic antigens that are orthogonal to endogenous proteins to eliminate off-tumor targeting and that have a small genetic footprint to facilitate efficient tumor delivery to tumors by viral vectors. Using the RSV-F camelid single-domain antibody (VHH) as a synthetic antigen, we show that adoptive transfer of αVHH CAR T cells to mice bearing VHH expressing tumors reduced tumor burden in multiple syngeneic mouse models of cancer, improved survival, induced epitope spread, and protected against tumor rechallenge. Our work supports in situ delivery of synthetic antigens to treat antigen low or negative tumors with CAR T cells.
Meniscal Preservation is More Likely When Performed with Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Rather Than with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: WILSON WILLIAM Thomas , Hopper Graeme Philip , Hamilton Chris , O'Donnell Lucas , Blyth Mark J.G. , MacKay Gordon M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundRupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often occurs in conjunction with meniscal tears. In this study we investigate the rates and outcomes of meniscal repair surgery performed with ACL reconstruction compared with acute ACL repair surgery.MethodsData was collected for all patients undergoing surgery for ACL ruptures between 2012 and 2018, including ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft and primary ACL repair augmented with suture tape. Patients undergoing multiligament surgery was excluded. Meniscal injury was evaluated intra-operatively and the treatment determined by type of tear, reducibility, and quality of meniscal tissue. If possible, tears were repaired using all-inside anchors and all others were resected. ResultsThere were 272 ACL reconstructions and 134 ACL repairs, mean age was 28 (±9) and 35 (±14) years respectively (p<0.01). The mean Tegner activity score was 6.6 in both groups. The mean interval from injury to surgery was longer in the reconstruction group (26.2 v 1.3 months, p<0.01). 55% of reconstructions and 43% of ACL repairs required meniscal surgery at the time of their ACL procedure. In the reconstruction group 123 (70%) were meniscectomies and 53 (30%) were meniscal repairs, compared to 31 (50%) of each in the ACL repair group. Meniscal repair was more likely to be possible when carried out as part of acute ACL repair surgery, χ2(1, n=238)=7.94, p<0.01. The success rate of meniscal repair was 97% in both groups. ConclusionsThe rate of meniscal repair is 67% higher when performed early with ACL repair. When ACL reconstruction is performed, meniscal resection was more likely. Rates of post-traumatic osteoarthritis are high after ACL reconstruction when performed with meniscal resection. Furthermore, the success rate of meniscal repair in conjunction with ACL surgery is high (97%). Therefore, meniscal repair should be encouraged whenever possible to improve long term outcomes. Level of Evidence: III
Risk Factors for a First Episode of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia
Authors: Canivet Clémence , Teysseyre Laura , Aujoulat Thomas , Caron Margot , Nativel Mathilde , Miltgen Guillaume , Vidal Charles , Allou Nicolas , Puech Bérénice 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM-VAP) is on the rise. This pathology is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU), notably due to intrinsic resistance and ineffective probabilistic antibiotic therapy. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors for a first episode of SM-VAP in ICU.Methods: This single center retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2018 in the polyvalent ICU of Félix Guyon University Hospital in Reunion Island. All patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) during their ICU stay were consecutively evaluated. Patients with a first episode of SM-VAP were compared to those with a first episode of VAP caused by another microorganism. Results: A total of 89 patients developed a first episode of SM-VAP over the study period. In the group of patients with SM-VAP, infection was polymicrobial in 43.8% of cases and ICU mortality was 49.4%. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for a first episode of SM-VAP were: chronic respiratory failure (Odds Ratio (OR): 4.212; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.776 – 9.989; p = 0.001), chronic renal failure (OR: 2.693; 95% CI: 1.356 – 5.352; p = 0.05), use of third-generation cephalosporins active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR 2.862; 95% CI: 1.505 – 5.442; p = 0.001), and female sex (OR: 2.646; 95% CI: 1.458 – 4.808; p = 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, chronic respiratory failure, chronic renal failure, use of third-generation cephalosporins active against P. aeruginosa, and female sex were identified as risk factors for a first episode of SM-VAP.
Appearance of a population of the mangrove rail Rallus longirostris Boddaert, 1783 (Rallidae) in salt marshes invaded by the exotic tanner grass Urochloa arrecta (Poaceae) and its disappearance after plant management
Authors: Bornschein Marcos R. , Melchiori Bianca L. , Teixeira Larissa , Reinert Bianca L. , Sandretti-Silva Giovanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Biological invasions cause species extinction, but also provide benefits. Wetlands, such as salt marshes, include little known but important ecosystems that are sometimes severely invaded by exotic plants. Salt marshes in eastern South America are increasingly impacted by the invasion of the African grass Urochloa arrecta. This study investigated the appearance of a population of the mangrove rail Rallus longirostris in areas dominated by U. arrecta and its disappearance with the eradication of this plant. We monitored four areas (38.63 ha) in Guaratuba Bay estuary in southern Brazil, from 2006–2022, two of which contained four patches of U. arrecta as the dominant species. In 2012, we started to eradicate U. arrecta with mechanical management, and in 2020, it was eradicated locally. In 2007, we recorded R. longirostris for the first time in a patch of U. arrecta, and in subsequent years, we saw the bird in two other patches of the exotic plant. Rallus longirostris was no longer recorded when U. arrecta was eradicated. We hypothesized that R. longirostris used patches of U. arrecta as vacant nesting niches due to a lack of competition with Pardirallus nigricans—the most common bird in the estuary—which does not frequent patches of U. arrecta. The invasion of U. arrecta can locally increase the populations of R. longirostris. Although this bird is at risk of extinction in parts of its geographic distribution, we encourage the management of U. arrecta because of its impact on salt marshes.
Farmers Adapt to Climate Change Irrespective of Stated Belief in Climate Change or Farm Advisor Reinforcement of (Dis)belief: A Case Study in Northern California
Authors: Petersen-Rockney Margiana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Farmers are front line workers in the climate crisis. As in many parts of the world, climate change impacts like droughts and wildfires are becoming everyday experiences that natural resource-dependent communities must grapple with. This article draws on ethnographic methods, including over 100 interviews with crop and livestock farmers and institutional actors, to query climate change experience, belief, and response in Siskiyou County in rural northeastern California. I find that farmers recognize and describe changes in climate that align with meteorologic evidence of climate signals emerging above the noise of weather variability. Farmers often chronicle these changes in terms of weather cycles and harsh geographies. Local public farm advisors, like Cooperative Extension Advisors and USDA staff, echo these beliefs, which builds rapport with many farmers, while hindering the development of programming, including potential climate-related technical and financial assistance available to a broader set of farmers. Farmers respond to climate change impacts with a range of adaptations, irrespective of their stated belief in climate science. Findings bolster growing evidence that climate change belief and action are not tightly coupled, supporting efforts to retire the currently dominant knowledge-deficit paradigm of farmer climate change programming. Rather than focusing on trying to convince farmers of climate science - or even convince farm advisors themselves - this study suggests that more culturally appropriate interventions that skip belief and focus on action and outcomes could be more effective in increasing the pace and scale of farmer climate action.
Progranulin Promotes Functional Recovery in Rats With Acute Spinal Cord Injury via Autophagy-induced Anti-inflammatory Microglia Polarization.
Authors: Shi Qiang , Wu Yinghao , Zhang Baokun , Wu Shengting , Wang Xin , Lin Fangqi , Zhang Guowang , Lian Xiaofeng , Xu Jianguang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since microglia-associated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the progression of acute spinal cord injury, modulation of microglial activation has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy. Progranulin has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation, but whether these effects are due to the modulation of microglial polarization and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of progranulin on microglial polarization and analyzed the crosstalk between microglial autophagy and polarization. We found that progranulin could reduce proinflammatory cytokine production in the lesion site and promote locomotor functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury. In vitro, we found that progranulin could activate microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and express IL-10. Moreover, progranulin-mediated enhancement of anti-inflammatory microglial polarization was attributed to the protection of lysosomal function and the enhancement of autophagic flux. Above all, progranulin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by protecting lysosomal function to enhance microglial autophagy to induce M2 microglial polarization and ultimately improves neurological function after acute spinal cord injury. These results suggest that targeting autophagy-lysosomal pathway to modulate microglial polarization to reduce neuroinflammation is a potential treatment for spinal cord injury.
Machine Learning to Predict Effective Reaction Rates in 3D Porous Media From Pore Structural Features
Authors: Liu Min , Kwon Beomjin , Kang Peter K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Large discrepancies between well-mixed reaction rates and effective reactions rates estimated under fluid flow conditions have been a major issue for predicting reactive transport in porous media systems. In this study, we introduce a framework that accurately predicts effective reaction rates directly from pore structural features by combining 3D pore-scale numerical simulations with machine learning (ML). We first perform pore-scale reactive transport simulations with fluid-solid reactions in hundreds of porous media and calculate effective reaction rates from pore-scale concentration fields. We then train a Random Forests model with 11 pore structural features and effective reaction rates to quantify the importance of structural features in determining effective reaction rates. Based on the importance information, we train artificial neural networks with varying number of features and demonstrate that effective reaction rates can be accurately predicted with only three pore structural features, which are specific surface, pore sphericity, and coordination number. Finally, global sensitivity analyses using the ML model elucidates how the three structural features affect effective reaction rates. The proposed framework enables accurate predictions of effective reaction rates directly from a few measurable pore structural features, and the framework is readily applicable to a wide range of applications involving porous media flows.
Physical exercise is essential for cardiac autonomic regulation in hypertensive patients treated with losartan or enalapril
Authors: Facioli Tábata de Paula , Philbois Stella Vieira , Tank Jens , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypertension treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) presents contradictions in relation to the recovery of damage in cardiovascular autonomic control. Conversely, the association of RASi with aerobic physical exercise can be a determining factor for some gains to be achieved. Thus, the objective was to investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic regulation in hypertensive volunteers untreated and treated with RASi.
Methods
Fifty-four men (≅ 40–60 years old) with a history of hypertension for more than two years were divided into three groups: untreated (Control; N=16), treated with AT1 receptor blocker (losartan; N=21), and treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril; N=17). All subjects underwent hemodynamic, metabolic, and cardiovascular autonomic evaluation using baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV), before and after 16 weeks of supervised aerobic physical training.
Results
The volunteers treated with RASi had lower BPV and HRV, both in the supine position and in the tilt test, with the losartan group having the lowest values. Aerobic physical training increased HRV and BRS in all groups. However, the association of enalapril with physical training appears to have more prominent results.
Conclusion
Long-term treatment with enalapril and losartan may have detrimental effects on the autonomic modulation of HRV and BRS. Aerobic physical training is essential to promote positive adjustments in the autonomic modulation of HRV and BRS in hypertensive patients treated with RASi, especially with enalapril treatment. Trial Register: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8k2dsc).