bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unemployment and Well-Being of Europeans Across the Life Cycle: The Role of Countries’ Macroeconomic Situation
Authors: Malisauskaite Gintare , Nizalova Olena , Xanthopoulou Despoina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnemployment impairs individuals’ well-being and health and there is some empirical evidence showing that macroeconomic conditions can moderate these effects. This paper goes a step further and investigates differences in how macroeconomic indicators of European countries’ economic situation relate to individual subjective health and well-being, and also moderate the relationship between individual labour market exclusion and these outcomes across age groups: young individuals (aged 15–29), prime working age adults (aged 30–49, base category) and pre-retirement age adults (aged 50–64). We used two different macroeconomic indicators to define macroeconomic situation: country-level unemployment rate and gross domestic product (GDP). Both indicators were disaggregated into long-term economic trend and business cycle shocks using Hodrick–Prescott filtering to allow distinguishing between expected and unexpected change in macroeconomic circumstances. We used the European Social Survey individual-level data from 35 European countries for 2002–2014. Multi-level analysis with three levels were run for men and women separately. Results revealed differences in how individual-level unemployment related to well-being depending on the age group, with pre-retirement age group adults’ health and well-being suffering the most. Also, macroeconomic indicators were found to moderate the relationship between individual-level unemployment and subjective health and well-being with some noticeable differences between age groups, and with GDP trend having the most sizeable influence.
Creation of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) by Social Action Organizations: Proposal of a Model for Decision-Making
Authors: Pizarro Escribano Francisco , Miranda González Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuccessive crisis in Europe have contributed to rethink welfare state and the entrepreneurial role of Third Sector organizations in the provision of community services that progressively have created social enterprises. Its creation is the result of a decision-making process that is collective, not individual, and of a strategic nature, in which the organization's culture plays a relevant role. This work aims to describe and analyze the entrepreneurial process, and the key elements that determines the decision of creating a work insertion social enterprise by its promotor entity. As a result, this article proposes an explicative model of social enterprises creation and makes an empirical validation, using Delphi Method in Spanish work insertion social enterprises case.
Family Cohesion and Sleep Disturbances During COVID-19: the Mediating Roles of Security and Stress
Authors: Ye Baojuan , Hu Jing , Im Hohjin , Liu Mingfan , Wang Xinqiang , Yang Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the increase in proximity to one's family amid university closures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mechanisms underlying how family cohesion influenced students’ sleep remain understudied. Using a large sample of college students in China (N = 1,178) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study examined the serial mediating roles of sense of security and perceived stress on the effect of family cohesion on sleep disturbance. Generalized linear modeling serial mediation analysis with 1,000 resampled bootstrapping methods showed that sense of security and perceived stress were negatively and positively associated with sleep disturbance, respectively. Furthermore, sense of security and perceived stress fully mediated the indirect effect of family cohesion on sleep disturbances. Implications and conclusions are discussed.
Patient Advocacy Assessment in the Medicine Clerkship: A Qualitative Study of Definition, Context, and Impact
Authors: Griffiths Elizabeth P. , Lai Cindy J. , Ziv Tali , Dawson Deanna , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Wheeler Margaret , Teherani Arianne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Advocacy is a core value of the medical profession. However, patient advocacy (advocacy) is not uniformly assessed and there are no studies of the behaviors clinical supervisors consider when assessing advocacy.

Objective
To explore how medical students and supervisors characterize advocacy during an internal medicine clerkship, how assessment of advocacy impacted students and supervisors, and elements that support effective implementation of advocacy assessment.

Design
A constructivist qualitative paradigm was used to understand advocacy assessment from the perspectives of students and supervisors.

Participants
Medical students who completed the internal medicine clerkship at UCSF during the 2018 and 2019 academic years and supervisors who evaluated students during this period.

Approach
Supervisor comments from an advocacy assessment item in the medicine clerkship and transcripts of focus groups were used to explore which behaviors students and supervisors deem to be advocacy. Separate focus groups with both students and supervisors examined the impact that advocacy assessment had on students’ and supervisors’ perceptions of advocacy and what additional context was necessary to effectively implement advocacy assessment.

Key Results
Students and supervisors define advocacy as identifying and addressing social determinants of health, recognizing and addressing patient wishes and concerns, navigating the health care system, conducting appropriate evaluation and treatment, and creating exceptional therapeutic alliances. Effective implementation of advocacy assessment requires the creation of non-hierarchical team environments, supervisor role modeling, and pairing assessment with teaching of advocacy skills. Inclusion of advocacy assessment reflects and dictates institutional priorities, shapes professional identity formation, and enhances advocacy skill development for students and their supervisors.

Conclusions
Students and supervisors consider advocacy to be a variety of behaviors beyond identifying and addressing social determinants of health. Effectively implementing advocacy assessment shapes students’ professional identity formation, underscoring the critical importance of formally focusing on this competency in the health professions education.
Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part I: Attrition, Erosion, Abfraction, and Noncarious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Roberts W. Eugene , Mangum Jonathan E. , Schneider Paul M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Compare pathophysiology for infectious and noninfectious demineralization disease relative to mineral maintenance, physiologic fluoride levels, and mechanical degradation.

Recent Findings
Environmental acidity, biomechanics, and intercrystalline percolation of endemic fluoride regulate resistance to demineralization relative to osteopenia, noncarious cervical lesions, and dental caries.

Summary
Demineralization is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world: osteoporosis (OP) >10%, dental caries ~100%. OP is severely debilitating while caries is potentially fatal. Mineralized tissues have a common physiology: cell-mediated apposition, protein matrix, fluid logistics (blood, saliva), intercrystalline ion percolation, cyclic demineralization/remineralization, and acid-based degradation (microbes, clastic cells). Etiology of demineralization involves fluid percolation, metabolism, homeostasis, biomechanics, mechanical wear (attrition or abrasion), and biofilm-related infections. Bone mineral density measurement assesses skeletal mass. Attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction are diagnosed visually, but invisible subsurface caries <400μm cannot be detected. Controlling demineralization at all levels is an important horizon for cost-effective wellness worldwide.
Legal Information Retrieval and Entailment Based on BM25, Transformer and Semantic Thesaurus Methods
Authors: Kim Mi-Young , Rabelo Juliano , Okeke Kingsley , Goebel Randy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe the techniques applied by the University of Alberta (UA) team in the most recent Competition on Legal Information Extraction and Entailment (COLIEE 2021). We participated in retrieval and entailment tasks for both case law and statute law; we applied a transformer-based approach for the case law entailment task, an information retrieval technique based on BM25 for legal information retrieval, and a natural language inference mechanism using semantic knowledge applied to statute law texts. This competition included 25 teams from 14 countries; our case law entailment approach was ranked no. 4 in Task 2, the BM25 technique for legal information retrieval was ranked no. 3 in Task 3, and the natural language inference technique incorporating semantic information was ranked no. 4 in Task 4. The combination of the latter two techniques on Task 5 was ranked no. 2. We also performed error analysis of our system in Task 4, which provides some insight into current state-of-the-art and research priorities for future directions.
Testosteron door de eeuwen
Authors: Schipper R. A. 
Published: February 2022

SamenvattingDe zoektocht naar het mannelijk hormoon begint met de experimenten van de Duitse fysioloog Bertholdt in 1849 die testes van een kuiken transplanteerde in gecastreerde kuikens en het gedrag van deze kippen beschreef voor en na de ingreep. Na de ontdekkingen van de effecten van extracten van organen nam de organotherapie, het genezen van ziekten met orgaanextracten, een grote vlucht. Injecties met dierlijke testesextracten, sterilisaties om de productie van mannelijk hormoon te stimuleren en testestransplantaties werden populair, omdat ze mogelijk veroudering en seksuele stoornissen konden tegengaan. De interesse in de effecten van deze behandelingen leidde ertoe dat vele onderzoeksgroepen, gesteund door de farmaceutische industrie, androgenen isoleerden uit de testes en urine. Ernst Laqueur (1866–1947) en zijn medewerkers isoleerden in 1935 als eersten testosteron.
Development of the primary mirror for CAS500-1 (Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1)
Authors: Kihm Hagyong , Lee Yun-Woo , Yang Ho-Soon , Kim Seonghui , Lee Deog-Gyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCAS500-1 (Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1) launched in Mar. 2021 is the first Korean ground observation satellite localizing the entire mirror development, especially the primary mirror M1. M1 is a lightweight concave mirror with a diameter of 0.6 m, and it has 3 square bosses at the rim for flexure mounting. We present the whole development procedure of the flight model M1, including the optomechanical design, fabrication, environmental tests, and a coordinate mapping method for alignment and integration.
Germination characteristics of different maize inbred hybrids and their parental lines
Authors: Omar S. , Tarnawa Á. , Kende Z. , Ghani R. Abd , Kassai M. K. , Jolánkai M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe germination characteristics response for some selected maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines were observed and evaluated in an in vitro trial. The aim of the study was to determine the differences within the performance of some hybridization pathways. Single cross (SC), double cross (DC) and three-way cross (TC) hybrids and their parental inbred lines were studied. The results showed that the germination of maize seeds started after the third day and completely germinated on the seventh day after sowing. Hybrids SC (F1), DC (F1), and TC (F1) showed excellent germination performance with a 100% germination rate on the fifth day and produced the highest shoot and root lengths with 7.9 cm, 7.6 cm, and 6.9 cm (shoot length) and 12.9 cm, 13.9 cm and 14.9 cm (root length), respectively. Thus, the results obtained clearly show that the hybrid seeds have higher germination rate (100%), and the seedlings were more vigorous compared to the parents.
Research on ADR1s helps understanding the plant immune network
Authors: Hu Meijuan , Zhou Jian-Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlant innate immunity begins with the recognition of pathogens by plasma membrane localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), which lead to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. For a long time, PTI and ETI have been regarded as two independent processes although they share multiple components and signal outputs. Increasing evidence shows an intimate link between PTI and ETI. PTI and ETI mutually potentiate each other, and this is essential for robust disease resistance during pathogen infection. An ancient class of NLRs called RNLs, so named because they carry a Resistance to Powdery Mildew 8 (RPW8)-like coiled-coil (CC) domain in the N terminus, has emerged as a key node connecting PTI and ETI. RNLs not only act as helper NLRs that signal downstream of sensor NLRs, they also directly mediate PTI signaling by associating with PRR complexes. Here, we focus on Activated Disease Resistance 1 (ADR1), a subclass of RNLs, and discuss its role and mechanism in plant immunity.
A live yeast supplementation to gestating ewes improves bioactive molecule composition in colostrum with no impact on its bacterial composition and beneficially affects immune status of the offspring
Authors: Dunière Lysiane , Renaud Justin B. , Steele Michael A. , Achard Caroline S. , Forano Evelyne , Chaucheyras-Durand Frédérique 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Colostrum quality is of paramount importance in the management of optimal ruminant growth and infectious disease prevention in early life. Live yeast supplementation effect during the last month of gestation was evaluated on ewes’ colostrum composition. Two groups of ewes (n = 14) carrying twin lambs were constituted and twins were separated into groups (mothered or artificially fed) 12 h after birth. Nutrient, oligosaccharides (OS), IgG and lactoferrin concentrations were measured over 72 h after lambing, and bacterial community was described in colostrum collected at parturition (T0). Immune passive transfer was evaluated through IgG measurement in lamb serum. In both groups, colostral nutrient, OS concentrations and IgG concentrations in colostrum and lamb serum decreased over time (P < 0⋅01), except for lactose, which slightly increased (P < 0⋅001), and lactoferrin, which remained stable. Bacterial population was stable over time with high relative abundances of Aerococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae in T0 colostrum. No effect of supplementation was observed in nutrient and lactoferrin concentrations. In supplemented ewes, the level of colostral IgG was higher at T0 and a higher level of serum IgG was observed in lambs born from supplemented mothers and artificially fed, while no effect of supplementation was observed in the mothered lamb groups. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that supplementation affected OS composition with significantly higher levels of colostral Neu-5Gc compounds up to 5 h after birth. No effect of supplementation was observed on bacterial composition. Our data suggest that live yeast supplementation offsets the negative impact of early separation and incomplete colostrum feeding in neonate lambs.
¡Despierta México! Changing Public Attitudes Toward NAFTA, 2008–2018
Authors: Aspinwall Mark , Maldonado Gerardo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTRegional trade agreements have important consequences for developing countries, but the public opinion literature on trade agreements suffers from several shortcomings. Most significant is that studies tend to take a single year as the point of analysis, leaving us uncertain as to how opinion evolves. This study uses polling data to examine Mexicans’ attitudes toward NAFTA over a ten-year period. Results from regression analyses show an association between Mexicans’ support for the United Nations and their support for NAFTA, and a weaker relationship for other types of cues (presidential, the United States), than other studies have found. The data also reveal an association between Donald Trump’s arrival in the presidency and increased support for NAFTA.
Partisan External Borrowing in Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Cormier Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhy do middle-income country governments use costlier sovereign debt markets when cheaper finance is available from official creditors? This research note argues that left-leaning governments with labor and the poor as core constituencies are likely to prioritize markets in their annual foreign borrowings. This is because markets provide an exit option from official creditor conditions that have disproportionately negative effects on working classes. This finding puts limits on disciplinary assumptions that left-leaning governments should have relatively less access to sovereign debt markets and thus use them less. Instead, left-leaning middle-income countries are likely to use proportionally more market finance as they fulfill annual foreign borrowing needs. This, in turn, shapes which middle-income countries are likely to become relatively more exposed to global debt market costs and pressures as they accumulate external debt over time.
Evolution of soil fertility research and development in Ethiopia: From reconnaissance to data-mining approaches
Authors: Erkossa Teklu , Laekemariam Fanuel , Abera Wuletawu , Tamene Lulseged 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Meeting the burgeoning global demand for both food and energy requires substantial yield increases through the efficient use of inputs like fertilizers. Prompted by the result of a soil survey expedition in the late 1950s, which signaled a widespread deficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plant nutrition research in Ethiopia began in the 1960s, focusing on the response of prioritized cereals – tef (Eragrostis tef), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays) – to the application of N and P fertilizers. Nationwide on-farm trials conducted in the early 1970s led to a blanket recommendation of 64 kg N ha−1 and 20 kg P ha−1, irrespective of the crop and soil types, which were applied in the form of di-ammonium phosphate (18-46-0) and urea (46-0-0), respectively. Research conducted in the 1980s across agro-ecological and edaphic spectrum recommended 30–138 kg N ha−1 and 0–50 kg P ha−1, respectively. However, studies show that only 30–40% of the smallholder farmers use fertilizers at a rate less than recommended (on average at 37–40 kg ha−1). This rate reflects limited supply, high prices, and the low and declining crop response to fertilizers. As a result, cereal yields increased only 10% despite a fivefold increase in fertilizer application since the 1980s. Owing to the limited and declining crop response and the increased price of fertilizer in the 1990s, research on the integrated application of inorganic and organic sources of fertilizers was initiated. Although the integrated use resulted in increased yield and better economic benefits, it was not mainstreamed into the national agricultural extension system. The soil survey expedition that began in 2011 culminated in the mapping of the soil nutrient status using literature-based critical limits. The maps have persistently revealed the deficiency of N, P, potassium, sulfur, zinc, and boron across the surveyed areas. Despite the above efforts, the data sets generated through the soil surveys conducted at different times during the last half-century and the agronomic research during the same period have never been fully exploited. It is believed that the recent development in data mining and machine-learning approaches creates the opportunities to use the data sets in conjunction with other covariates in order to generate evidence that helps to make better decisions both at strategic and operational levels. The development of decision support tools based on such large datasets and analytical capacity is believed to facilitate better-informed decisions that lead to increased resource use efficiency and sustainability.
Low-cost seed storage technologies for development impact of small-scale seed saving entities in tropical climates
Authors: Trail Patrick , Motis Timothy , Swartz Stacy , Bicksler Abram 
Published: February 2022

SummarySeeds can deteriorate rapidly under high heat and humidity, making it challenging and potentially costly to store orthodox seeds effectively in the tropics, thereby affecting agriculture development. This work explores the effectiveness of novel, low-cost technologies for storing seeds in warm, humid, resource-constrained environments, focusing on maintaining the viability of seeds already dry prior to storage. Seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC) were kept for 12 months under roofed, outdoor screened porches. Seed moisture content prior to treatment was 6, 9, and 12% for okra, sorghum, and velvet bean, respectively. Treatments, replicated four times at each of two locations (USA [Florida] and Thailand), were technology suites involving vacuum drawn on glass jars with a modified bicycle pump, vacuum drawn on polyethylene bags with an electric vacuum sealing machine, desiccant (calcium oxide powder or zeolite Drying Beads® at a 2:1 ratio, by weight, of seeds to desiccant) in glass jars, and nontreated seeds in paper bags. Ambient temperature and humidity were variable and high, reaching over 35 °C and 83%, respectively, at both locations. Under these conditions, okra and sorghum germination percentages (across locations) without treatment declined from over 90% initially to 30 and 0%, respectively, by month 12. Both vacuum treatments and calcium oxide maintained high germination of okra (≈ 80%) and velvet bean seeds (nearly 100%) across locations. Glass, however, was superior to polyethylene in maintaining vacuum and stabilizing the moisture content of okra and sorghum seeds. Only zeolite reduced seed moisture below initial values, drying seeds to ultradry levels of <5%. With zeolite, sorghum germination stayed near 70% over time, while okra and velvet bean germination fell to <40 and <20%, respectively, by month 12, suggesting that, with the beads kept with dry seeds in storage rather than removing the beads after reaching a target level of seed moisture, the 2:1 ratio of seed-to-bead weight was too high for seeds that are sensitive to ultralow moisture. Findings have practical implications for inexpensive household- or community-level seed storage to deliver development impact.