bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related memory vulnerability to interfering stimuli is caused by gradual loss of MAPK‐dependent protection in Drosophila
Authors: Mo Han , Wang Linghan , Chen Yuting , Zhang Xuchen , Huang Ning , Liu Tingting , Hu Wantong , Zhong Yi , Li Qian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAge‐related memory impairment (AMI) is a common phenomenon across species. Vulnerability to interfering stimuli has been proposed to be an important cause of AMI. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this vulnerability‐related AMI remain unknown. Here we show that learning‐activated MAPK signals are gradually lost with age, leading to vulnerability‐related AMI in Drosophila. Young flies (2‐ or 3‐day‐old) exhibited a significant increase in phosphorylated MAPK levels within 15 min after learning, whereas aged flies (25‐day‐old) did not. Compared to 3‐day‐old flies, significant 1 h memory impairments were observed in 15‐, 20‐, and 30‐day‐old flies, but not in 10‐day‐old flies. However, with post‐learning interfering stimuli such as cooling or electric stimuli, 10‐day‐old flies had worse memory performance at 1 h than 3‐day‐old flies, showing a premature AMI phenomenon. Increasing learning‐activated MAPK signals through acute transgene expression in mushroom body (MB) neurons restored physiological trace of 1 h memory in a pair of MB output neurons in aged flies. Decreasing such signals in young flies mimicked the impairment of 1 h memory trace in aged flies. Restoring learning‐activated MAPK signals in MB neurons in aged flies significantly suppressed AMI even with interfering stimuli. Thus, our data suggest that age‐related loss of learning‐activated neuronal MAPK signals causes memory vulnerability to interfering stimuli, thereby leading to AMI.
‘Lost’ taxa and their conservation implications
Authors: Martin T. E. , Bennett G. C. , Fairbairn A. , Mooers A. O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile biological extinctions are predicted to rise sharply during the Anthropocene, extinction declarations are rare, partly due to inherent uncertainties in knowing when the last individual of a species has died. This has led to the growth of a group of ‘lost’ species that have not been observed in decades or even centuries, yet are not declared extinct, and as such possess an uncertain conservation status. The existence of such species may prove increasingly problematic as the extinction crisis worsens, given that their presence may create uncertainty with respect to conservation prioritization efforts and to our understanding of extinction rates. We provide the first assessment of the extent of lost taxa, defined as species that have not been reliably observed in >50 years yet are not declared extinct, for terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). We reviewed information from IUCN Red List accounts within these Classes using a hybrid code‐based search/manual assessment approach, supplemented with consultation of recent literature. In total, we identify a total of 562 lost species (137 amphibians, 257 reptiles, 38 birds and 130 mammals). Of these, 13% (75 species) are listed as ‘Possibly Extinct’ by the IUCN. Lost species outnumber extinct species for all studied Classes except birds. They were mainly confined to the tropics (92.5%), with distributions being particularly concentrated in ‘mega‐diverse’ countries, as expected. Indonesia (69 species), Mexico (33 species) and Brazil (29 species) possessed the most lost species overall. Our results highlight the prevalence of lost taxa among terrestrial vertebrates and identify ‘hotspots’ for these species where future survey efforts should be prioritized. We suggest minor adjustments to IUCN Red List accounts to allow lost species to be better tracked, including more consistent use of the ‘Possibly Extinct’ marker and wider application of the ‘last seen date’ field.
Pausing again: Reflecting on humility and possibility in pandemic times
Authors: Sambamurthy Nikhil , Tan Wenn Er , Bhuyan Ananya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite continued global strife, the period of exception that has characterised experiences of pandemic times now seems to be changing. As graduate students, the emergence of COVID‐19 unsettled our lives and broke our timelines, but we recognise that our experiences of it have also been framed by relative comfort and privilege. In the context of the various and unequal personal, institutional, and societal failures that COVID‐19 has caused and amplified, we seek to pause and reflect on how our collective encounter with pandemic times might also be a space of possibility. We respond to calls for more humble and gentle geographies, situating our reflections in recent work on failure in the academy. The pandemic has humbled us, but we also recognise it as an opportunity to practise an ethic of humbleness in our work. While by no means linear, we talk/write through this process as it relates to our engagements with our personal, institutional, and research contexts. Ultimately, by giving space to the “messy” and “mundane” aspects of doing research, we hope to unpack how the pandemic has humbled our ambitions, timelines, and expectations and offer a pause to explore what this means for us and research more broadly, in terms of what we want to leave behind and what we wish to take forward.
In search of better life: Construction migrants struggle for livelihood in urban Udupi District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Bellampalli Praveen Naik , Yadava Neelam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMigration is an essential livelihood strategy in rapidly developing, low‐income contexts. However, this article seeks to analyze occupation choices and the struggle for livelihood among laborers. This study carried out both secondary and primary data; the primary survey was conducted in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Detailed information was gathered from both individual and household levels. According to National Sample Survey data, construction offers the main occupation for short duration migrants, absorbing 36.2% of total short duration migration. However, the field survey findings indicated that at the destination, the construction sector migrants are more vulnerable and struggle for their lives and livelihood in the urban labor segments—poverty and rural unemployment a significant reasons to push the laborers into the construction segment.
Fluctuations in proximity seeking and paranoia
Authors: Lawrence Kate , Bucci Sandra , Berry Katherine , Carter Lesley‐Anne , Taylor Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate associations between proximity seeking, stress and paranoia in the context of daily life, and whether these relationships are moderated by trait attachment styles.MethodsSixty non‐clinical participants completed 3423 assessments of state stress, proximity seeking and paranoia over a 6‐day period using an experience sampling method. Multilevel linear regression was performed to evaluate relationships between variables.ResultsThe post‐hoc analysis showed antecedent events subjectively appraised as very unpleasant or very pleasant predicted greater levels of momentary proximity seeking at the subsequent timepoint. Greater stress predicted greater subsequent shifts or variability in proximity seeking. Changes in proximity seeking were not associated with momentary paranoia. However, for individuals with an avoidant attachment style, greater shifts in proximity seeking resulted in greater subsequent reports of paranoia.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, in daily life, the attachment system may become active in response to stress. For those with an avoidant attachment style, an active attachment system may exacerbate paranoid thoughts possibly due to the activation of attachment‐related beliefs that one should be fearful of unavailable others and instead rely on one's autonomy to regulate affect. These findings highlight the need to consider attachment in the assessment and formulation of paranoia.
Oxidized high mobility group B‐1 enhances metastability of colorectal cancer via modification of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
Authors: Kishi Shingo , Fujiwara‐Tani Rina , Honoki Kanya , Sasaki Rika , Mori Shiori , Ohmori Hitoshi , Sasaki Takamitsu , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Kawahara Isao , Kido Akira , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kuniyasu Hiroki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is known to be a chemotactic factor for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), but the effect of post‐translational modification on its function is not clear. In this study, we hypothesized that differences in the oxidation state of HMGB1 would lead to differences in the function of MSCs in cancer. In human colorectal cancer, MSCs infiltrating into the stroma were correlated with liver metastasis and serum HMGB1. In animal models, oxidized HMGB1 mobilized three‐fold fewer MSCs to subcutaneous tumors compared with reduced HMGB1. Reduced HMGB1 inhibited the proliferation of mouse bone marrow MSCs (BM‐MSCs) and induced differentiation into osteoblasts and vascular pericytes, whereas oxidized HMGB1 promoted proliferation and increased stemness, and no differentiation was observed. When BM‐MSCs pretreated with oxidized HMGB1 were co‐cultured with syngeneic cancer cells, cell proliferation and stemness of cancer cells were increased, and tumorigenesis and drug resistance were promoted. In contrast, co‐culture with reduced HMGB1‐pretreated BM‐MSCs did not enhance stemness. In an animal orthotopic transplantation colorectal cancer model, oxidized HMGB1, but not reduced HMGB1, promoted liver metastasis with intratumoral MSC chemotaxis. Therefore, oxidized HMGB1 reprograms MSCs and promotes cancer malignancy. The oxidized HMGB1–MSC axis may be an important target for cancer therapy.
Parent socialization and anti‐racist ideology development in White youth: Do peer and parenting contexts matter?
Authors: Smalls Glover Ciara , Varner Fatima , Holloway Kathleen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of anti‐racist ideology in adolescence and emerging adulthood is informed by parent socialization, parenting style, and cross‐race friendships. This study used longitudinal, multi‐reporter survey data from White youth and their parents in Maryland to examine links between parents' racial attitudes when youth were in eleventh grade in 1996 (N = 453; 52% female; Mage = 17.12) and the youths' anti‐racist ideology (acknowledgment of anti‐Black discrimination and support for affirmative action) 1 year after high school in 1998. This study also examined whether these associations varied based on authoritative parenting and the number of cross‐race friendships. Positive parent racial attitudes toward racially and ethnically minoritized populations predicted higher anti‐racist ideology in the independent contexts of more cross‐race friendships and low authoritative parenting.
Association of the Processing Speed Test with depression and brain magnetic resonance imaging metrics in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Miyazaki Yusei , Niino Masaaki , Takahashi Eri , Oiwa Kei , Naganuma Ryoji , Amino Itaru , Akimoto Sachiko , Minami Naoya , Kikuchi Seiji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesCognitive dysfunction occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Processing Speed Test (PST) is a self‐administered, tablet‐based cognitive screening tool that closely resembles the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and can be quickly administered. In this study we assessed the performance of the PST and its correlation with the clinical and radiological aspects of MS in Japanese patients.MethodsPST was administered to 52 Japanese patients with MS. The Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI‐II), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) were used to evaluate depression, fatigue, and health‐related quality of life, respectively. Global and regional brain volumes and cortical thickness were analyzed based on 3D T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation of the PST score was 52.5 ± 16.5. Negative correlations were observed between PST score and age, disease duration, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The PST score showed significant correlation with BDI‐II after adjusting for disease duration and EDSS. In contrast, no significant association was observed between PST score and FSS, FAMS total score, and employment status after adjusting for disease duration, EDSS, and BDI‐II. The PST score showed significant correlation with global and regional brain volumes, and the thickness of bilateral temporal cortexes.ConclusionThe PST score was associated with the severity of depression and both global and regional brain volume in Japanese patients with MS. Our findings support the validity of the PST as a useful tool for assessing the cognitive function of MS patients in clinical practice.
Tutorial: Statistical analysis and reporting of clinical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Dunvald Ann‐Cathrine Dalgård , Iversen Ditte Bork , Svendsen Andreas Ludvig Ohm , Agergaard Katrine , Kuhlmann Ida Berglund , Mortensen Christina , Andersen Nanna Elman , Järvinen Erkka , Stage Tore Bjerregaard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPharmacokinetics is the cornerstone of understanding drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. It is also the key to describing variability in drug response caused by drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), pharmacogenetics, impaired kidney and liver function, etc. This tutorial aims to provide a guideline and step‐by‐step tutorial on essential considerations when designing clinical pharmacokinetic studies and reporting results. This includes a comprehensive guide on how to conduct the statistical analysis and a complete code for the statistical software R. As an example, we created a mock dataset simulating a clinical pharmacokinetic DDI study with 12 subjects who were administered 2 mg oral midazolam with and without an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A. We provide a step‐by‐step guide to the statistical analysis of this clinical pharmacokinetic study, including sample size/power calculation, descriptive statistics, noncompartmental analyses, and hypothesis testing. The different analyses and parameters are described in detail, and we provide a complete R code ready to use in supplementary files. Finally, we discuss important considerations when designing and reporting clinical pharmacokinetic studies. The scope of this tutorial is not limited to DDI studies, and with minor adjustments, it applies to all types of clinical pharmacokinetic studies. This work was done by early career researchers for early career researchers. We hope this tutorial may help early career researchers when getting started on their own pharmacokinetic studies. We encourage you to use this as an inspiration and starting point and continuously evolve your statistical skills.
EEG alpha power predicts the temporal sensitivity of multisensory perception
Authors: London Raquel E. , Benwell Christopher S. Y. , Cecere Roberto , Quak Michel , Thut Gregor , Talsma Durk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPre‐stimulus electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, especially in the alpha range (8–13 Hz), can affect the sensitivity to temporal lags between modalities in multisensory perception. The effects of alpha power are often explained in terms of alpha's inhibitory functions, whereas effects of alpha frequency have bolstered theories of discrete perceptual cycles, where the length of a cycle, or window of integration, is determined by alpha frequency. Such studies typically employ visual detection paradigms with near‐threshold or even illusory stimuli. It is unclear whether such results generalize to above‐threshold stimuli. Here, we recorded EEG, while measuring temporal discrimination sensitivity in a temporal‐order judgement task using above‐threshold auditory and visual stimuli. We tested whether the power and instantaneous frequency of pre‐stimulus oscillations predict audiovisual temporal discrimination sensitivity on a trial‐by‐trial basis. By applying a jackknife procedure to link single‐trial pre‐stimulus oscillatory power and instantaneous frequency to psychometric measures, we identified a posterior cluster where lower alpha power was associated with higher temporal sensitivity of audiovisual discrimination. No statistically significant relationship between instantaneous alpha frequency and temporal sensitivity was found. These results suggest that temporal sensitivity for above‐threshold multisensory stimuli fluctuates from moment to moment and is indexed by modulations in alpha power.
In search of unity: Twardowski, Husserl, and Ingarden on the unity of the object
Authors: Piwowarczyk Marek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to Kazimierz Twardowski's thesis that the unity of a compound object (a whole) can be ensured only by the relations between its parts and the object itself. Twardowski's idea of unity raises many difficulties, especially the threat of petitio principii: the whole is presupposed as furnishing the ground for the unification of its parts, and yet it also seems to be the result of this unification. To avoid these problems, Edmund Husserl sought to refute Twardowski's thesis, and ascribed the role of a principle of unity to the foundational relationships which directly hold between the parts of a whole. Roman Ingarden then seemed to return to Twardowski's concept of unity, but employed it within a different theory of objects, according to which to be an object is to be a subject of properties. I seek to demonstrate that: (1) Twardowski's thesis is sound if a compound object is something over and above its parts; (2) with respect to Husserl's solution, it is not clear as to whether the whole is really something over and above its parts; (3) Ingarden's conception of the subject‐properties structure saves Twardowski's thesis; (4) Ingarden's theory of higher‐order objects is invalid.
Pro‐angiogenic role of ZEB1 in skin wound healing by upregulating VEGFA via microRNA‐206 suppression
Authors: Lan Hongwei , Zou Meilin , Zhu Furong , Chen Hongping , Wang Tingting , Huang Xinling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAngiogenesis has been identified to assume a critical role in skin wound healing. Moreover, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was capable of promoting skin wound healing. Herein, cell and animal experiments were implemented in this study to figure out whether ZEB1 orchestrated angiogenesis during skin wound healing. Subsequent to gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), HDMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were evaluated by CCK8, EdU, wound healing, Transwell and angiogenesis in vitro assays. The relationship among ZEB1, microRNA (miR)‐206 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was assessed by microarray analysis, dual‐luciferase, ChIP and RIP assays. Finally, the mechanism of ZEB1 in skin wound healing was confirmed by in vivo experiments. Mechanically, ZEB1 upregulation resulted in miR‐206 downregulation by binding to miR‐206 promoter, and miR‐206 repressed VEGFA expression by directly targeting. ZEB1 overexpression enhanced HDMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, which was neutralized by miR‐206 upregulation or VEGFA inhibition. Moreover, ZEB1 significantly promoted skin wound healing in mice, which was negated by overexpression of miR‐206. Conclusively, ZEB1 augmented angiogenesis to promote skin wound healing by elevating VEGFA expression via miR‐206 repression.
Family promotion of children's healthy lifestyles during theCOVID‐19 pandemic in light of Saudi Vision 2030
Authors: Rakha Ahmed Hassan , Abalkhail Adil , Albahadel Dekheel Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine the role of the family in promoting an active and healthy lifestyle for children aged 3–12 years during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Qassim region in light of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 program.BackgroundThis study is important in defining the role of the family in promoting an active lifestyle for children during the COVID‐19 pandemic because the family is primarily responsible for promoting a healthy lifestyle for children.MethodWe evaluated responses of 320 parents completing an online survey about their children's physical health during the pandemic.ResultsThe results showed a low level of children's physical activity and excessive use of electronic devices. Late bedtimes were evident and defined as midnight or later. As well, however, families knew the necessary information about COVID‐19 and maintained the children's preventive measures. The families were aware of the child's consumption of a healthy diet. They helped the child complete studies through distance education. The families supported the child's psychological well‐being and helped them develop some entertainment plans.ConclusionsAlthough the family plays an important role in promoting the active and healthy lifestyle of the child, there is still a need for more awareness regarding the child's practice of physical activity, healthy sleep habits, and correct use of electronic devices.ImplicationsPrograms should be established to increase family awareness of the guidelines of the World Health Organization and the Saudi Ministry of Health regarding the child's physical activity, sleep habits, and the use of electronic devices.
Effective parenting in stepfamilies: Empirical evidence of what works
Authors: Sanner Caroline , Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn , Berkley Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine research evidence about effective childrearing in stepfamilies (i.e., parenting practices that contribute to children's physical, cognitive, and emotional well‐being).BackgroundStepfamilies are increasingly common. Studies show that children in stepfamilies tend to be at higher risk for negative outcomes than children in first‐married biological‐parent families. As research on stepfamilies has expanded, researchers have made strides in identifying parenting practices that promote positive outcomes for children in stepfamilies.MethodWe reviewed 37 studies that contained empirical evidence of effective parenting by biological or adoptive parents of children in stepfamilies.ResultsResearchers have identified numerous actions employed by parents that are linked to children's positive outcomes. Effective parenting practices fall broadly into five domains: (a) maintaining close parent–child bonds, (b) establishing appropriate parent–child communication boundaries, (c) exercising parental control, (d) supporting stepparent–stepchild relationship development, and (e) facilitating stepfamily cohesion.ConclusionsEffective childrearing in stepfamilies involves carefully managing competing family needs, such as the need to balance shared family time with one‐on‐one parent–child time or the need to establish open parent–child communication boundaries in some areas but closed boundaries in others.ImplicationsParents have available to them a number of empirically supported action items linked to child well‐being in stepfamilies.