bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial structure alters the site frequency spectrum produced by hitchhiking
Authors: Min Jiseon , Gupta Misha , Desai Michael M , Weissman Daniel B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The reduction of genetic diversity due to genetic hitchhiking is widely used to find past selective sweeps from sequencing data, but very little is known about how spatial structure affects hitchhiking. We use mathematical modeling and simulations to find the unfolded site frequency spectrum left by hitchhiking in the genomic region of a sweep in a population occupying a 1D range. For such populations, sweeps spread as Fisher waves, rather than logistically. We find that this leaves a characteristic 3-part site frequency spectrum at loci very close to the swept locus. Very low frequencies are dominated by recent mutations that occurred after the sweep and are unaffected by hitchhiking. At moderately low frequencies, there is a transition zone primarily composed of alleles that briefly “surfed” on the wave of the sweep before falling out of the wavefront, leaving a spectrum close to that expected in well-mixed populations. However, for moderate-to-high frequencies, there is a distinctive scaling regime of the site frequency spectrum produced by alleles that drifted to fixation in the wavefront and then were carried throughout the population. For loci slightly farther away from the swept locus on the genome, recombination is much more effective at restoring diversity in 1D populations than it is in well-mixed ones. We find that these signatures of space can be strong even in apparently well-mixed populations with negligible spatial genetic differentiation, suggesting that spatial structure may frequently distort the signatures of hitchhiking in natural populations.
Comprehensive analysis of superconducting gravimeter data, GPS, and hydrology modelling in support of lunar laser ranging at Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico
Authors: Crossley D J , Murphy J T , Liang J 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYThe Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) project began in 2006 using a 3.5 m telescope on a high peak in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. It has been one of the best performing (in terms of returned photons per viewing period and range uncertainty) of a handful of similar sites worldwide. The purpose of installing a superconducting gravimeter (SG) in 2009 was to improve the determination of local deformation, directly affecting the telescope motions, as part of an effort to reduce the error in lunar distance to the mm level. We have now accumulated 10 yr of gravity measurements, together with data from a nearby permanent GPS Plate Boundary Observatory (P027) site. This paper describes the traditional analysis of SG data to produce a local tidal model and to determine a number of necessary dynamic corrections that are specific to the site, of which local atmospheric and hydrology attraction and loading are the most important. Loading corrections are available through the Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST) website as part of the International Earth Rotation Service, and we consider 12 different EOST loading series for global atmosphere and hydrology loading and attraction. Nonetheless, local hydrology can only be addressed at the required level of detail using local models determined directly from the gravity data. We devote a major portion of the paper to the development of several water storage and conceptual tank models that succeed in reducing the large seasonal variance of the SG residuals by more than 90 per cent. Yet there remain episodes in the corrected residuals that depart by up to 4 $\mu {\rm{Gal}}\,$ from the hydrological models, and the mean error of our fit remains between 1.5–2.0 $\mu {\rm{Gal}}\,$ for our two data sets, 2009–2012 and 2013–2018 respectively. Unfortunately the vertical GPS data relies on the UNAVCO processing, and has typically poor vertical accuracy. We find the correlation between the GPS and gravity residuals to be correspondingly weak, and then discuss briefly the incorporation of the displacement and gravity data into the Planetary Ephemeris Program for solving for the lunar distance.
Not for us, without us: examining horizontal coordination between the Ministry of Health and other sectors to advance health goals in Uganda
Authors: Ssennyonjo Aloysius , Van Belle Sara , Ssengooba Freddie , Titeca Kristof , Bakubi Rachael , Criel Bart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Ministry or Department of Health (M/DoH) is the mandated government agency for health in all countries. However, achieving good health and wellbeing requires the health sector to coordinate with other sectors such as the environment, agriculture and education. Little is known about the coordination relationship between MoH and other sectors to advance health and development goals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our study examined the coordination relationship between MoH and other government ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) at the national level in Uganda. This was an embedded case study nested in a study on intragovernmental coordination at the central government in Uganda. A qualitative approach used document review and key informant interviews with government officials and non-state actors. Data were analysed thematically using a multitheoretical framework. The coordination relationship was characterized by interdependencies generally framed lopsidedly in terms of health sector goals and not vice versa. Actor opportunism and asymmetrical interests interacted with structural–institutional factors contributing to variable influence on internal and external coordination within and beyond MOH. Supportive mechanisms include (a) diverse health sector legal–institutional frameworks, (b) their alignment to broader government efforts and (c) the MOH’s agency to leverage government-wide efforts. Constraints arose from (a) gaps in the legal-institutional framework, (b) demands on resources due to the ‘broad’ MOH mandate and (c) the norms of the MOH’s professional bureaucracy and the predominance of medical professionals. This study underlines critical actions needed to improve coordination between the health and non-health sectors. Introspection within the MOH is vital to inform efforts to modify MOH’s internal functioning and positioning within the broader government to strategically advance MOH’s (development) aspirations. The nature of MoH’s role in multisectoral efforts should be contingent. Consideration of mutual sectoral interdependencies and interactions with and within broader government systems is critical.
Longitudinal characterization of determinants associated with obesogenic growth patterns in early childhood
Authors: Michael Navin , Gupta Varsha , Fogel Anna , Huang Jonathan , Chen Li , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Ong Yi Ying , Aris Izzuddin M , Pang Wei Wei , Yuan Wen Lun , Loy See Ling , Thway Tint Mya , Tan Kok Hian , Chan Jerry Ky , Chan Shiao-Yng , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Yap Fabian , Godfrey Keith , Chong Yap Seng , Gluckman Peter , Velan S Sendhil , Forde Ciarán G , Lee Yung Seng , Eriksson Johan G , Karnani Neerja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal assessment of the determinants of obesogenic growth trajectories in childhood can suggest appropriate developmental windows for intervention.

Methods
Latent class growth mixture modelling was used to identify body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories from birth to age 6 years in 994 children from a prospective mother–offspring cohort (Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnicities) based in Singapore. We evaluated the early-life determinants of the trajectories as well as their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 6 years.

Results
Five BMI z-score trajectory patterns were identified, three within the healthy weight range, alongside early-acceleration and late-acceleration obesogenic trajectories. The early-acceleration pattern was characterized by elevated fetal abdominal circumference growth velocity, BMI acceleration immediately after birth and crossing of the obesity threshold by age 2 years. The late-acceleration pattern had normal fetal growth and BMI acceleration after infancy, and approached the obesity threshold by age 6 years. Abdominal fat, liver fat, insulin resistance and odds of pre-hypertension/hypertension were elevated in both groups. Indian ethnicity, high pre-pregnancy BMI, high polygenic risk scores for obesity and shorter breastfeeding duration were common risk factors for both groups. Malay ethnicity and low maternal educational attainment were uniquely associated with early BMI acceleration, whereas nulliparity and obesogenic eating behaviours in early childhood were uniquely associated with late BMI acceleration.

Conclusion
BMI acceleration starting immediately after birth or after infancy were both linked to early cardiometabolic alterations. The determinants of these trajectories may be useful for developing early risk stratification and intervention approaches to counteract metabolic adversities linked to childhood obesity.
The US Food and Drug Administration Sentinel System: a national resource for a learning health system
Authors: Brown Jeffrey S , Mendelsohn Aaron B , Nam Young Hee , Maro Judith C , Cocoros Noelle M , Rodriguez-Watson Carla , Lockhart Catherine M , Platt Richard , Ball Robert , Dal Pan Gerald J , Toh Sengwee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the Sentinel System in response to a requirement in the FDA Amendments Act of 2007 that the agency establish a system for monitoring risks associated with drug and biologic products using data from disparate sources. The Sentinel System has completed hundreds of analyses, including many that have directly informed regulatory decisions. The Sentinel System also was designed to support a national infrastructure for a learning health system. Sentinel governance and guiding principles were designed to facilitate Sentinel’s role as a national resource. The Sentinel System infrastructure now supports multiple non-FDA projects for stakeholders ranging from regulated industry to other federal agencies, international regulators, and academics. The Sentinel System is a working example of a learning health system that is expanding with the potential to create a global learning health system that can support medical product safety assessments and other research.
Examining the impact of sex differences and the COVID-19 pandemic on health and health care: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Jiancheng , Ren Zhimei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the association of sex, and the joint association of sex and the COVID-19 pandemic with health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health.

Materials and Methods
We drew data from the National Cancer Institute's 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. We described and compared the characteristics of social determinants of health, physical activity, mental health, alcohol use, patterns of social networking service use, and health information data sharing. Analyses were weighted to provide nationally representative estimates. Multivariate models (multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and multinomial logistic model) were used to assess the sole and joint association with sex and pandemic. In addition, we applied the Bonferroni correction to adjust P values to decrease the risks of type I errors when making multiple statistical tests.

Results
Females were more likely to use mobile health and health communication technologies than males, and the difference increased after the pandemic. The association between sex and mental health was significant after the COVID-19 pandemic. Females were more likely to experience depression or anxiety disorders. Both males and females had a slight decrease in terms of the quantity and intensity of physical activity and females were less likely to perform moderate exercise and strength training regularly. Males were likely to drink more alcohol than females.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic amplifies the differences between males and females in health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health. Intersectional analyses of sex are integral to addressing issues that arise and mitigating the exacerbation of inequities. Responses to the pandemic should consider diverse perspectives, including sex and gender.
Waste, Fertilising Product, or Something Else? EU Regulation of Biochar
Authors: Štrubelj Luka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (report) on mitigation of climate change brought greenhouse gas removals (GGRs) under the spotlight. The report relied on the use of GGRs in all models suggesting how to comply with the Paris Agreement’s temperature targets. The EU has adopted specific legislation to address one of the more technologically mature GGR methodologies—biochar—and its waste status dilemma. Here, biochar is analysed in more detail, focusing on the EU waste regime and the potential absolution of biochar from EU’s waste obligations. Additionally, the recently enacted Fertilising Products Regulation (EU/2019/1009) is investigated, and its approach to label biochar a fertilising product. Ultimately, this study identifies regulatory inconsistencies and shortfalls of EU law as pertains to biochar’s waste status, and recognises the need to establish a more comprehensive regulatory treatment of biochar that acknowledges its multifaceted nature, including helping the EU, and its member states to reach net zero.
Emerging hybrid networks of verification, accountability, and institutional resilience: the U.S. Capitol Riot and the work of open-source investigation
Authors: Reese Stephen D , Chen Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe violent spectacle of the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol riot provides a case study of how online open-source investigation helped identify members of the mob and provide deeper understanding of the day’s events. Considering this form of investigation as an emerging network for the hybrid institution of journalism, an assemblage extending beyond the newsroom, this study takes a mixed-method, networked ethnography approach to map out this open-source space. Using a network analysis of open-source investigators based on Twitter data shows that the recently emerged Bellingcat organization and similar open-source groups serve a liaison function, bridging professional journalists and largely anonymous citizen “sleuthers.” Using this network as a guide, depth interviews were conducted with key participants, showing that the community was organized around an accountability ethos and a methodology of verification. We argue that this interlocking network has potential to strengthen the resilience of the journalistic institution, build citizen trust and resist politicized historical revisionism.
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor—adult cystic nephroma of the kidney: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Karasavvidou Foteini , Mitrakas Lampros , Tzika Styliani , Zachos Ioannis , Anagnostou Athanasios , Tzortzis Vassilios 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mixed epithelial and stromal tumor family of kidney contain neoplasms with biphasic epithelial and stromal component. According to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification, they encompasses a spectrum of tumors ranging from predominantly cystic tumors (adult cystic nephroma) to tumors that are variably solid (Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor-MESTs). We present the case of a 20-year-old woman with an adult cystic nephroma which was verified by immunohistochemical examination.
MUSE–ALMA haloes VII: survey science goals & design, data processing and final catalogues
Authors: Péroux C , Weng S , Karki A , Augustin R , Kulkarni V P , Szakacs R , Klitsch A , Hamanowicz A , Fresco A Y , Zwaan M A , Biggs A , Fox A J , Hayes M , Howk J C , Kacprzak G G , Kassin S , Kuntschner H , Nelson D , Pettini M 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The gas cycling in the circumgalactic regions of galaxies is known to be multi-phase. The MUSE–ALMA Haloes survey gathers a large multi-wavelength observational sample of absorption and emission data with the goal to significantly advance our understanding of the physical properties of such CGM gas. A key component of the MUSE–ALMA Haloes survey is the multi-facility observational campaign conducted with VLT/MUSE, ALMA, and HST. MUSE–ALMA Haloes targets comprise 19 VLT/MUSE IFS quasar fields, including 32 zabs &lt;0.85 strong absorbers with measured N(H i) ≥1018 cm−2 from UV-spectroscopy. We additionally use a new complementary HST medium program to characterize the stellar content of the galaxies through a 40-orbit three-band UVIS and IR WFC3 imaging. Beyond the absorber-selected targets, we detect 3658 sources all fields combined, including 703 objects with spectroscopic redshifts. This galaxy-selected sample constitutes the main focus of the current paper. We have secured millimeter ALMA observations of some of the fields to probe the molecular gas properties of these objects. Here, we present the overall survey science goals, target selection, observational strategy, data processing and source identification of the full sample. Furthermore, we provide catalogues of magnitude measurements for all objects detected in VLT/MUSE, ALMA, and HST broad-band images and associated spectroscopic redshifts derived from VLT/MUSE observations. Together, this data set provides robust characterization of the neutral atomic gas, molecular gas and stars in the same objects resulting in the baryon census of condensed matter in complex galaxy structures.
Pulsars as candidates of LHAASO sources J2226+6057, J1908+0621, and J1825−1326
Authors: Chang Zhe , Zhang Xukun , Zhou Jing-Zhi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Collaboration has observed ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 PeV from 12 $\gamma$-ray Galactic sources. In particular, the γ-ray spectra of the sources J2226+6057, J1908+0621, and J1825−1326 have been published. We investigate the possibility of suggested origin pulsars near the sources as the PeVatrons. The pulsar is described by a rotating magnetic dipole. Assuming protons are uniformly distributed out of the light cylinders, we obtain the Lorentz distribution of proton energy spectrum. It is found that the protons around pulsar could be accelerated to PeV at short times. The hadronic γ-ray spectra of the suggested origin pulsars are in good agreement with the LHAASO observed γ-ray spectra of the sources J2226+6057, J1908+0621, and J1825−1326.
Group velocity of obliquely propagating Alfvén waves in a magnetized dusty plasma
Authors: De Toni L B , Gaelzer R , Ziebell L F 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the characteristics of the group velocity of obliquely propagating Alfvén waves in a dusty plasma typical of a stellar wind. The dispersion relation is derived with the aid of the kinetic theory for a magnetized dusty plasma consisting of electrons and ions, with distribution of momenta described by a Maxwellian function. The dust particles are considered to be immobile and have all the same size; they are electrically charged by absorption of plasma particles via inelastic collisions and by photoionization. We numerically solve the dispersion relation and calculate the components of group velocity (along and transverse to the magnetic field) for the normal modes, namely the compressional and shear Alfvén waves (CAW and SAW). The results show that the direction of the group velocity of CAWs is greatly modified with the wave-vector direction. On the other hand, SAWs will present group velocity propagating practically along the magnetic field. The changes in dust parameters, such as number density and equilibrium electrical charge, may significantly change the waves’ characteristics. It is seen that for sufficiently high dust to ion number density ratio, the SAWs may present perpendicular group velocity propagating in opposite direction to the perpendicular phase velocity, in a small interval of wavenumber values; we also notice that this interval may change, or even vanish, when the flux of radiation incident on the dust is altered, changing the equilibrium electrical charge of the grains.
No globular cluster progenitors in Milky Way satellite galaxies
Authors: Boldrini Pierre , Bovy Jo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In order to find the possible progenitors of Milky Way (MW) globular clusters, we perform orbit integrations to track the orbits of 170 Galactic globular clusters and the 11 classical MW satellite galaxies backwards in time for 11 Gyr in an MW-plus-satellites potential including the response of the MW to the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the effect of dynamical friction on the satellites. To evaluate possible past associations, we devise a globular-cluster–satellite binding criterion based on the satellite’s tidal radius and escape velocity and we test it on globular clusters associated with the Sagittarius dwarf and on dwarf galaxies associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud. For these, we successfully recover the dynamical associations highlighted by previous studies and we derive their time of accretion by the Galaxy by using Gaia EDR3 data. Assuming that MW globular clusters are and have been free of dark matter and thus consist of stars alone, we demonstrate that none of the globular clusters show any clear association with the eight classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies even though a large fraction of them are believed to be accreted. This means that accreted globular clusters either came in as part of now-disrupted satellite galaxies or that globular clusters may have had dark matter haloes in the past – as suggested by the similar metallicity between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies.
Revealing the properties of void galaxies and their assembly using the eagle simulation
Authors: Rosas-Guevara Yetli , Tissera Patricia , Lagos Claudia del P , Paillas Enrique , Padilla Nelson 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore the properties of central galaxies living in voids using the eagle cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. Based on the minimum void-centric distance, we define four galaxy samples: inner void, outer void, wall, and skeleton. We find that inner void galaxies with host halo masses $\lt 10^{12}\,\rm M_{\odot }$ have lower stellar mass and stellar mass fractions than those in denser environments, and the fraction of galaxies with star formation (SF) activity and atomic hydrogen (H i) gas decreases with increasing void-centric distance, in agreement with observations. To mitigate the influence of stellar (halo) mass, we compare inner void galaxies to subsamples of fixed stellar (halo) mass. Compared to denser environments, inner void galaxies with $M_{*}= 10^{[9.0-9.5]}\,\rm M_{\odot }$ have comparable SF activity and H i gas fractions, but the lowest quenched galaxy fraction. Inner void galaxies with $M_{*}= 10^{[9.5-10.5]}\,\rm M_{\odot }$ have the lowest H i gas fraction, the highest quenched fraction and the lowest gas metallicities. On the other hand, inner void galaxies with $M_{*}\gt 10^{10.5}\,\rm M_{\odot }$ have comparable SF activity and H i gas fractions to their analogues in denser environments. They retain the highest metallicity gas that might be linked to physical processes that act with lower efficiency in underdense regions such as AGN (active galaxy nucleus) feedback. Furthermore, inner void galaxies have the lowest fraction of positive gas-phase metallicity gradients, which are typically associated with external processes or feedback events, suggesting they have more quiet merger histories than galaxies in denser environments. Our findings shed light on how galaxies are influenced by their large-scale environment.