bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserving biodiversity in the face of rapid climate change requires a shift in priorities
Authors: Schlaepfer Martin A. , Lawler Joshua J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe field of conservation aims to protect biodiversity—the diversity of life on earth in all its forms. Traditional conservation objectives and measures have already been expanded and modified in response to shifting social values and climate‐related challenges. As climate change progresses, we argue that these changes will need to be accelerated. First, an even greater fraction of conservation objectives will need to prioritize the basic well‐being of humans, especially in areas where humans are strongly dependent on their natural surroundings. For example, urban biodiversity and low‐impact forms of agriculture and forestry that reconcile biodiversity and contributions to humans should increasingly be viewed as compatible with conservation objectives. Second, more conservation measures will need to allow for, and even foster, changes in biodiversity. Indeed, changing species' characteristics and biotic community composition are not only adaptive responses to inevitable climate change but will, in many instances, also be necessary to maintain functioning ecosystems. Conversely, attempts to maintain biodiversity in a historical state will likely become increasingly difficult, expensive, and possibly counterproductive. Finally, in addition to continuing climate adaptation work, conservation efforts will need to focus more on reducing atmospheric carbon concentrations. We explore how collectively these changes are transforming the field of conservation and how they have the potential to lead to a more just and sustainable world despite impending climate change.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Security
Authors: Duff Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAffiliate membership should be underpinned by a new intergovernmental European Security Council, combining the best of the EU and NATO. Such a body would sharpen the strategic posture of the Union as well as keep the US involved in Europe—and the Russians out. Recent events necessitate the rapid development of the Union’s security and defence dimensions, especially if it is to play a central role in the peace process.
Higher Berry phase of fermions and index theorem
Authors: Choi Yichul , Ohmori Kantaro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When a quantum field theory is trivially gapped, its infrared fixed point is an invertible field theory. The partition function of the invertible field theory records the response to various background fields in the long-distance limit. The set of background fields can include spacetime-dependent coupling constants, in which case we call the corresponding invertible theory a parameterized invertible field theory. We study such parameterized invertible field theories arising from free Dirac fermions with spacetime-dependent mass parameters using the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for superconnections. In particular, the response to an infinitesimal modulation of the mass is encoded into a higher analog of the Berry curvature, for which we provide a general formula. When the Berry curvature vanishes, the invertible theory can still be nontrivial if there is a remaining torsional Berry phase, for which we list some computable examples.
Linear Combinations of Projections in Type III Factors
Authors: Goldstein Stanisław , Paszkiewicz Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is shown that every self-adjoint operator in a $$\sigma $$
σ
-finite von Neumann factor of type III can be written as a real linear combination of 3 projections. This is in stark contrast to factors of type $$I_\infty ,\, II_1$$

I
∞

,

I

I
1

and $$II_\infty $$

I

I
∞

, where there are always operators that require at least 4 projections in such a representation.
Cwikel’s bound reloaded
Authors: Hundertmark Dirk , Kunstmann Peer , Ried Tobias , Vugalter Semjon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are several proofs by now for the famous Cwikel–Lieb–Rozenblum (CLR) bound, which is a semiclassical bound on the number of bound states for a Schrödinger operator, proven in the 1970s. Of the rather distinct proofs by Cwikel, Lieb, and Rozenblum, the one by Lieb gives the best constant, the one by Rozenblum does not seem to yield any reasonable estimate for the constants, and Cwikel’s proof is said to give a constant which is at least about 2 orders of magnitude off the truth. This situation did not change much during the last 40+ years. It turns out that this common belief, i.e, Cwikel’s approach yields bad constants, is not set in stone: We give a substantial refinement of Cwikel’s original approach which highlights a natural but overlooked connection of the CLR bound with bounds for maximal Fourier multipliers from harmonic analysis. Moreover, it gives an astonishingly good bound for the constant in the CLR inequality. Our proof is also quite flexible and leads to rather precise bounds for a large class of Schrödinger-type operators with generalized kinetic energies.
The joint effect of framing and defaults on choice behavior
Authors: Giuliani Felice , Cannito Loreta , Gigliotti Gilberto , Rosa Angelo , Pietroni Davide , Palumbo Riccardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe framing effect leads people to prefer a sure alternative over a risky one (risk aversion) when alternatives are described as potential gains compared to a context-dependent reference point. The reverse (risk propensity) happens when the same alternatives are described as potential losses. The default effect is the tendency to prefer a preselected alternative over other non-preselected given options, without facilitating nor incentivizing the choice. These two effects have mainly been studied separately. Here we provided novel empirical evidence of additive effects due to the application of both framing and default within the same decision problem in a large sample size (N = 960). In the baseline condition, where no default was provided, we measured the proportion of risky choices in life-or-death and financial decisions both presented in terms of potential gains or losses following the structure of the Asian disease problem. In the sure default condition, the same layout was proposed with a flag on the sure option, whereas in the risky default condition, the flag was on the risky option. In both default conditions, we asked participants whether they wanted to change the preselected option. Overall, the comparison between these conditions revealed three distinct main effects: (i) a classic framing effect, (ii) a larger risk propensity in the life-or-death scenario than in the financial one, and (iii) a larger default effect when the flag was on the risky, rather than on the sure, option. Therefore, we conclude that default options can enhance risk propensity. Finally, individual beliefs about the source of the default significantly moderated the strength of the effect. Underlying mechanisms and practical implications are discussed considering prominent theories in this field.
Application of impedance spectroscopy and tomography to monitor calcite deposits in drainage pipes
Authors: Affortunati Sabrina , Zagar Bernhard G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe determination of calcite deposits in drainage pipes plays an important role in tunnel construction as well as in ongoing operation. If these deposits are not detected in time, expensive maintenance work is required compared to a simple flush. If detected early, rinsing with a pressurized water jet is usually sufficient. For this reason, research is carried out on various sensor systems that allow the growth of the calcite layer to be monitored. Impedance tomography (EIT) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can be used as measuring methods since both allow the estimation of the layering of air, water, and calcite for the given two-dimensional pipe geometry. The solution to the estimation problem is also made easier by the fact that the materials involved, PVC, calcite, water, and air, have very different electrical conductivities and permittivities and are also known to form horizontal layers. Thus, simple electronics and signal processing schemes are possible.This article presents a cost-effective drainage pipe monitoring solution that uses distributed impedance measurements to determine the layering and roughly estimates the thickness of layers of air, water, and calcite within these pipes. Several thousand pipe segments are required for tunnel lengths of several kilometers, which is why a very inexpensive and simple implementation of these sensors is required.
Analytische Modelluntersuchung der Wärmeentwicklung im homogenen Gewebe durch kreisrunde REPULS-Bestrahlung
Authors: Beigelbeck Roman , Toriser Walter , Paschke Fritz 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiges analytisches Modell zur Untersuchung der Wärmeentwicklung an der Hautoberfläche und im darunterliegenden Gewebe durch Bestrahlung mit einem REPULS-LED-Rotlichttiefenstrahler im Rahmen einer photodynamischen Therapie vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, dass unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen geschlossen darstellbare Lösungen auf Basis von höheren transzendenten Funktionen möglich sind. Diese Lösungen gestatten die effiziente Abschätzung der sich einstellenden Endtemperatur und des Zeitverhaltens des Erwärmungsvorgangs. Beides sind wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Gerätedesign bezüglich einer Medizinproduktzulassung und einer Funktionsoptimierung.
Semimartingale price systems in models with transaction costs beyond efficient friction
Authors: Kühn Christoph , Molitor Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA standing assumption in the literature on proportional transaction costs is efficient friction. Together with robust no free lunch with vanishing risk, it rules out strategies of infinite variation as they usually appear in frictionless markets. In this paper, we show how the models with and without transaction costs can be unified.The bid and ask prices of a risky asset are given by càdlàg processes which are locally bounded from below and may coincide at some points. In a first step, we show that if the bid–ask model satisfies “no unbounded profit with bounded risk” for simple strategies, then there exists a semimartingale lying between the bid and ask price processes.In a second step, under the additional assumption that the zeros of the bid–ask spread are either starting points of an excursion away from zero or inner points from the right, we show that for every bounded predictable strategy specifying the amount of risky assets, the semimartingale can be used to construct the corresponding self-financing risk-free position in a consistent way. Finally, the set of most general strategies is introduced, which also provides a new view on the frictionless case.
Long-Acting Injectable Therapy for People with HIV: Looking Ahead with Lessons from Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine
Authors: Edwards Gabriel G. , Miyashita-Ochoa Ayako , Castillo Enrico G. , Goodman-Meza David , Kalofonos Ippolytos , Landovitz Raphael J. , Leibowitz Arleen A. , Pulsipher Craig , El Sayed Ed , Shoptaw Steven , Shover Chelsea L. , Tabajonda Michelle , Yang Yvonne S. , Harawa Nina T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLong-acting injectable antiretroviral medications are new to HIV treatment. People with HIV may benefit from a treatment option that better aligns with their preferences, but could also face new challenges and barriers. Authors from the fields of HIV, substance use treatment, and mental health collaborated on this commentary on the issues surrounding equitable implementation and uptake of LAI ART by drawing lessons from all three fields. We employ a socio-ecological framework beginning at the policy level and moving through the community, organizational, interpersonal, and patient levels. We look at extant literature on the topic as well as draw from the direct experience of our clinician-authors.
Damage assessment in single-nave churches and analysis of the most recurring mechanisms after the 2016–2017 central Italy earthquakes
Authors: Ceroni F. , Casapulla C. , Cescatti E. , Follador V. , Prota A. , da Porto F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssessment of churches based on empirical data at a territorial scale is a suitable tool to have an overview of the seismic behaviour of this peculiar structural typology and to evaluate their current state of vulnerability. Fragility and vulnerability curves are also aimed to perform the analysis of different seismic scenarios. The paper presents a detailed typological analysis of 633 single-nave churches, as a selected subset of the database previously examined by the authors, with the aim of evaluating more in detail the influence of some parameters, such as masonry typology, church dimensions and presence of the bell tower, on the vulnerability of the overall church. Then, specific analyses are carried out to assess the influence played by single mechanisms on the definition of the overall damage index, with the focus of providing qualitative evaluations and explicit vulnerability and fragility curves related to the most recurring and significant collapse mechanisms. This is an original contribution of the paper in the field of the vulnerability assessment of churches, since nowadays little information is available in the literature about the damage levels related to specific mechanisms, while most attention is still focused on global damage.
Non-Human Kids of Kiddie Lit: Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings’s The Yearling and the Cultural Construction of Animal Narratives as Children’s Literature
Authors: Włodarczyk Justyna , Wilde Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper combines the perspectives of animal studies and reception theory to trace the audience shift of narratives foregrounding interactions between adolescent boys and animals published in the US in the first half of the twentieth century. More precisely, it argues that a text’s focus on human–animal bonds can result in its “kiddification,” a term explained by Beverly Lyon Clark as trivialization that leads to dismissal. We argue that the reasons for this shift include the solidification of the boy-and-his-dog convention in the 1940s as an example of formula fiction for juveniles, combined with the simultaneous proliferation of animal movies geared towards a family audience. The case under scrutiny is Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings’s novel The Yearling and its film adaptation from 1946. Despite the book’s initial success among general audiences (awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1939), with time Kinnan Rawlings’s novel became “kiddified” and then passed into oblivion, rarely discussed by critics who deem it undeserving of attention and unread by contemporary juveniles, who perhaps find the book difficult, long and tedious (Groff, Harper’s, https://harpers.org/archive/2014/01/the-lost-yearling/, 2014). Consequently, the foregrounding of affective human–animal bonds in the book resulted in its later association with children’s literature, which was amplified by the film adaptation as well as the publisher’s marketing strategies.
Non-intact Families and Children’s Educational Outcomes: Comparing Native and Migrant Pupils
Authors: Guetto Raffaele , Zanasi Francesca , Carella Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explores whether the association between living in a single-parent household and children’s educational outcomes differs by migration background through comparing natives with first- and second-generation migrant pupils from different areas of origin. While there is strong evidence of an educational gap between migrant and native pupils in Western countries—and particularly in Italy—the interaction with family structure has been under-investigated. We suggest that native children have more socioeconomic resources to lose as a consequence of parental breakups, and thus may experience more negative consequences from living in a single-parent household compared to migrant children, who tend to have poorer educational outcomes regardless of family disruptions. Moreover, for migrant children, family disruption could result from parents’ migratory project (transnationalism) rather than separation or divorce, thus not necessarily implying parental conflict and a deteriorating family environment. Empirical analyses of data from the ISTAT ‘Integration of the Second Generation’ survey (2015) show that native Italian pupils from single-parent households in lower secondary schools are more strongly penalised in terms of grades, and less likely to aspire to the most prestigious upper secondary tracks when compared to second- and, especially, first-generation children. Indeed, the latter have been found to experience virtually no negative consequences from parental absence. Contrary to expectations, we found no substantial differences in the non-intact penalty based on the reason for parental absence (transnationalism vs divorce), nor by migrants’ area of origin.
Three-Space from Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Szabados László B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spin geometry theorem of Penrose is extended from SU(2) to E(3) (Euclidean) invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems. Using the natural decomposition of the total angular momentum into its spin and orbital parts, the distance between the centre-of-mass lines of the elementary subsystems of a classical composite system can be recovered from their relative orbital angular momenta by E(3)-invariant classical observables. Motivated by this observation, an expression for the ‘empirical distance’ between the elementary subsystems of a composite quantum mechanical system, given in terms of E(3)-invariant quantum observables, is suggested. It is shown that, in the classical limit, this expression reproduces the a priori Euclidean distance between the subsystems, though at the quantum level it has a discrete character. ‘Empirical’ angles and 3-volume elements are also considered.
Comparing the accuracy of the new-generation intraocular lens power calculation formulae in axial myopic eyes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hongyu , Ye Zi , Luo Yu , Li Zhaohui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the accuracy of the new-generation intraocular lens power calculation formulae in axial myopic eyes.

Methods
Four databases, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library, were searched to select relevant studies published between Apr 11, 2011, and Apr 11, 2021. Axial myopic eyes were defined as an axial length more than 24.5 mm. There are 13 formulae to participate in the final comparison (SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay I, Holladay II, Haigis for traditional formulae, Barrett Universal II, Olsen, T2, VRF, EVO, Kane, Hill-RBF, LSF for the new-generation formulae). The primary outcomes were the percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error in ± 0.5D and ± 1.0D.

Results
A total of 2273 eyes in 15 studies were enrolled in the final meta-analysis. Overall, the new-generation formulae showed a relatively more accurate outcome in comparison with traditional formulae. The percentage of eyes with a predictive refraction error in ± 0.5D (± 1.0D) of Kane, EVO and LSF was higher than 80% (95%), which was only significantly different from Hoffer Q (all P < 0.05). Moreover, another two new-generation formulae, Barrett Universal II and Olsen, had higher percentages than SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay I and Haigis for eyes with predictive refraction error in ± 0.5D and ± 1.0D (all P < 0.05). In ± 0.5D group, Hill-RBF was better than SRK/T (P = 0.02), and Holladay I was better than EVO (P = 0.03) and LSF (P = 0.009), and Hoffer Q had a lower percentage than EVO, Kane, Hill-RBF and LSF (P = 0.007, 0.004, 0.002, 0.03, respectively). Barrett Universal II was better than T2 (P = 0.02), and Hill-RBF was better than SRK/T (P = 0.009). No significant difference was found in other pairwise comparison.

Conclusion
The new-generation formula is more accurate in intraocular lens power calculation for axial myopic eyes in comparison with the third- or fourth-generation formula.
Differences in Art Appreciation in Autism: A Measure of Reduced Intuitive Processing
Authors: Brosnan Mark , Ashwin Chris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArt appreciation reflects an initial emotional and intuitive response to artwork evaluation, although this intuitive evaluation can be attenuated by subsequent deliberation. The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a greater propensity to deliberate and reduced intuition compared to matched controls. Evaluations of high- and low-quality artworks were undertaken by 107 individuals with a diagnosis of ASD and 145 controls. Controls consistently evaluated high-quality artworks to be much better quality than the low-quality artworks, reflecting intuitive processing. The ASD sample showed a reduced difference in evaluations between high- versus low-quality artwork, which reflects reduced intuitive processing and greater deliberative processing and is consistent with predictions by the Dual Process Theory of Autism.
Assessing a novel second generation laryngeal mask airway using the ‘ADEPT’ approach: results from the LMA® Protector™ observational study
Authors: Ní Eochagáin A. , Athanassoglou V. , Cumberworth A. , Morris O. , Corbett S. , Jefferson H. , O’Sullivan E. P. , Pandit J. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the problem of lack of clinical evidence for airway devices introduced to the market, the Difficult Airway Society (UK) developed an approach (termed ADEPT; Airway Device Evaluation Project Team) to standardise the model for device evaluation. Under this framework we assessed theLMA Protector, a second generation laryngeal mask airway. A total of 111 sequential adult patients were recruited and the LMA Protector inserted after induction of general anaesthesia. Effective insertion was confirmed by resistance to further distal movement, manual ventilation, and listening for gas leakage at the mouth. The breathing circuit was connected to the airway channel and airway patency confirmed with manual test ventilation at 20 cm H20 (water) pressure for 3 s. Data was collected in relation to the time for placement, intraoperative performance and postoperative performance of the airway device. Additionally, investigators rated the ease of insertion and adequacy of lung ventilation on a 5-point scale. The median (interquartile range [range]) time taken to insertion of the device was 31 (26–40[14–780]) s with the ability to ventilate after device insertion 100 (95% CI 96.7- 100)%. Secondary endpoints included one or more manoeuvres 60.3 (95% CI 50.6—69.5)% cases requiring to assist insertion; a median ease of insertion score of 4 (2–5[3–5]), and a median adequacy of ventilation score of 5 (5–5[4–5]). However, the first time insertion rate failure was 9.9% (95% CI 5.1—17.0%). There were no episodes of patient harm recorded, particularly desaturation. The LMA Protector appears suitable for clinical use, but an accompanying article discusses our reflections on the ADEPT approach to studying airway devices from a strategic perspective.