bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes of rhizosphere soil bacterial community and nutrients in cadmium polluted soils with soybean-corn intercropping
Authors: Li Han , Luo Luyun , Tang Bin , Guo Huanle , Cao Zhongyang , Zeng Qiang , Chen Songlin , Chen Zhihui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Soybean-corn intercropping is widely practised by farmers in Southwest China. Although rhizosphere microorganisms are important in nutrient cycling processes, the differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between intercropped soybean and corn and their monoculture are poorly known. Additionally, the effects of cadmium (Cd) pollution on these differences have not been examined. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Cd-polluted soil to determine the effects of monocultures and soybean–corn intercropping systems on Cd concentrations in plants, on rhizosphere bacterial communities, soil nutrients and Cd availability. Plants and soils were examined five times in the growing season, and Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to analyze the rhizosphere bacterial communities.

Results
Intercropping did not alter Cd concentrations in corn and soybean, but changed soil available Cd (ACd) concentrations and caused different effects in the rhizosphere soils of the two crop species. However, there was little difference in bacterial community diversity for the same crop species under the two planting modes. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the soybean and corn rhizospheres. In ecological networks of bacterial communities, intercropping soybean (IS) had more module hubs and connectors, whereas intercropped corn (IC) had fewer module hubs and connectors than those of corresponding monoculture crops. Soil organic matter (SOM) was the key factor affecting soybean rhizosphere bacterial communities, whereas available nutrients (N, P, K) were the key factors affecting those in corn rhizosphere. During the cropping season, the concentration of soil available phosphorus (AP) in the intercropped soybean–corn was significantly higher than that in corresponding monocultures. In addition, the soil available potassium (AK) concentration was higher in intercropped soybean than that in monocropped soybean.

Conclusions
Intercropped soybean–corn lead to an increase in the AP concentration during the growing season, and although crop absorption of Cd was not affected in the Cd-contaminated soil, soil ACd concentration was affected. Intercropped soybean–corn also affected the soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Thus, intercropped soybean–corn was a key factor in determining changes in microbial community composition and networks. These results provide a basic ecological framework for soil microbial function in Cd-contaminated soil.
Perspectives of physicians and pharmacists on rational use of antibiotics in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands: a qualitative study
Authors: Özcebe Hilal , Üner Sarp , Karadag Ozge , Daryani Achraf , Gershuni Olga , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Brand Helmut , Erdsiek Fabian , Aksakal Tuğba , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance may result from inappropriate use of antibiotics in health care. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption in the world. Considering the role of transnational ties between Turkish migrants and their social contacts in Turkey, the attitudes and behaviors relating to rational antibiotic use in Turkey can also affect the use of antibiotics by Turkish migrants residing abroad. This study explores physicians’ and pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives on rational antibiotic use among Turkish adults in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands, three European countries with large populations of Turkish migrants.

Methods
Following a qualitative study design using convenience and snowball sampling, in-depth interviews with 21 family physicians and 24 pharmacists were conducted in the aforementioned countries. We transcribed all interviews verbatim and performed content analysis separately in the countries, followed by translation, pooling and joint interpretation of the findings.

Results
Physicians and pharmacists encountered irrational use of antibiotics among their patients in Turkey. Physicians interviewed in the three European countries explained that Turkish migrants differ from non-migrants with respect to their attitudes towards antibiotics, for example by more often expecting to be prescribed antibiotics. All physicians and pharmacists in the selected countries reported to inform their patients on how to use antibiotics upon prescription; however, Turkish migrants’ poor language proficiency was considered as a substantial communication barrier by the physicians and pharmacists interviewed in the European countries.

Conclusions
The study illustrated some aspects of irrational antibiotic use among the population in Turkey and Turkish migrants in selected European countries. It emphasized the need for closer community participation, adequate information campaigns, as well as in-service training of health care providers in Turkey. The strategies and interventions on rational antibiotic use should also be supported and encouraged by health care providers, who need to reach out to people with various cultural backgrounds.
Validating the use of the revised childbirth experience questionnaire in Hong Kong
Authors: Lok Kris Y. W. , Fan Heidi S. L. , Ko Rachel W. T. , Kwok Jojo Y. Y. , Wong Janet Y. H. , Fong Daniel Y. T. , Shek Noel W. M. , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Choi Edmond P. H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and assess the childbirth experiences of Chinese women.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hong Kong from July 2020 to February 2021. In total, 975 mothers, who could read traditional Chinese and gave birth in 2020 or 2021, were included in the analysis. Data were fitted into the model proposed by the original developers using the confirmatory factor analysis. The data were then randomly split into training and validation sets for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Childbirth experiences were assessed. Factor structure, internal construct validity, internal consistency, and known-group validity were assessed.

Results
The originally proposed CEQ2.0 model showed a poor fit. An exploratory factor analysis identified a revised four-factor model (CEQ2.0-R) on a randomly split sample, which showed a satisfactory fit (CFI=0.912; TLI=0.884; SRMR=.053; RMSEA=0.072) on the other split sample. The revised scale comprised 13 items and four domains: (1)“Own capacity” (6 items), (2) “General support” (3 items), (3) “Perceived safety” (2 items), and (4) “Professional support” (2 items). CEQ2.0-R showed high internal construct validity and reliability. It can differentiate between participants with different characteristics, including parity, oxytocin augmentation, and companionship during labour. The childbirth experiences of the participants were merely positive, and participants reported that more support from midwives is needed.

Conclusions
CEQ2.0-R can adequately describe the childbirth experiences of women in Hong Kong. The questionnaire is easy to be administer and can be used to assess several domains of the childbirth experiences. It may be useful to evaluate the aspects of support needed during childbirth.
Retinal microvascular changes in white matter hyperintensities investigated by swept source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Gao Yuzhu , Kwapong William Robert , Zhang Yifan , Yan Yuying , Jin Xurui , Tao Yunhan , Xu Hanyue , Wu Bo , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgro
To assess the microvascular changes in the macular region and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in participants with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS OCTA).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included a total of 23 WMH participants (45 eyes) and 20 age-matched healthy participants (40 eyes). SS OCTA (VG200; SVision Imaging, Ltd., Luoyang, China) was used to assess the retinal vessel density (VD) and the FAZ area. VD was measured in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) within a 6 × 6-mm scan centred on the macula using a 5-mm Macula circle. The FAZ area was automatically measured on the inner retina layer within a 3 × 3-mm scan in the macular region.

Results
There was no significant difference in VD in the SVP between the two groups. However, VD in both the ICP and DCP was significantly decreased in WMH participants (P = 0.028, P = 0.016). The FAZ area was significantly enlarged in WMH participants (P = 0.030). The signal quality was significantly lower in WMH participants (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study suggested that WMH participants have retinal microvascular and foveal avascular zone area changes compared with healthy controls. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to identify the value of our findings in the early evaluation of WMHs.
The association between pupils´ aggressive behaviour and burnout among Danish school teachers - the role of stress and social support at work
Authors: Winding Trine Nøhr , Aust Birgit , Andersen Lars Peter Sønderbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPupils´ aggressive behaviour towards teachers is a serious problem which is slowly gaining attention and has been found to be linked to burnout. However, prospective studies investigating the role of stress and social support from colleagues and supervisor are lacking. Therefore, the aims of the present study were 1. to investigate the association between pupils´ aggressive behaviour and burnout among Danish primary and lower secondary school teachers, 2. to investigate whether the association between pupils´ aggressive behaviour and burnout depends on the level and duration of stress, and 3. to investigate whether social support from colleagues or a supervisor at the work place has a mitigating effect on the association between pupils´ aggressive behaviour and burnout among teachers.MethodsThis study is a longitudinal study using data from 1198 teachers collected in two survey rounds at an interval of 1-year. Teacher-reported aggressive behaviour in pupils measured as harassment, threats, and violence towards teachers was collected at baseline. Burnout was measured at follow-up. The analyses were performed using multilevel logistic regression.ResultsStatistically significant associations between harassment, threats, or violence and burnout 1 year later were found (all ORs 1.6) after adjustment for potential confounders. After further adjustment for stress, the estimates attenuated to ORs between 1.4 and 1.5, and were also statistically significant. Pupils´ aggressive behaviour in combination with low support from colleagues increased the risk of burnout, whereas the risk of burnout increased among those experiencing pupils´ aggressive behaviour in combination with receiving high support from the supervisor.ConclusionsThe results indicate associations between all three types of pupils´ aggressive behaviour and burnout among teachers in Danish primary and lower secondary schools. Stress explained only a minor part of the association between teachers’ perceptions of pupils’ aggressive behaviour and burnout in teachers, and the results regarding social support were conflicting. The results of this study emphasize the growing need for preventive initiatives directed towards pupils´ aggressive behaviour, and future research should focus on exploring in depth how to support and prevent burnout in teachers exposed to aggressive behaviour.
Nutritional status and adequacy of feeding Practices in Infants and Toddlers 0-23.9 months living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): findings from the feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2020
Authors: Cheikh Ismail Leila , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. , Ibrahim Sarah , Ali Habiba I. , Chokor Fatima Al Zahraa , O’Neill Lynda M. , Mohamad Maysm N. , Kassis Amira , Ayesh Wafaa , Kharroubi Samer , Hwalla Nahla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) impact the early and later health status of the population. Limited data is available regarding IYCF in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and adequacy of feeding practices, energy, food, and nutrient intakes of UAE infants and toddlers ages 0-23.9 months.

Methods
This study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of 276 infants and toddlers aged 0-23.9 months of which 180 were nationals and 96 were Arab non-nationals living in the UAE. Data were collected from the three major emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. Anthropometry was collected and assessed using WHO Anthro-Survey Analyzer, and a multicomponent age-specific questionnaire was used to evaluate IYCF and sociodemographic characteristics. Usual intake of energy, micronutrients, and macronutrients, including supplements, were collected using multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall and analyzed using the PC-side software. IYCF practices were assessed using the WHO indicators.

Results
Overall, 4% of children were malnourished, 8% wasted, 15% stunted, 18% at risk of overweight, and 7% overweight and obese. 95% of infants were ever breastfed and 37% exclusively breastfed at 6 months. Around 98% of infants had a timely introduction of complementary food. Macronutrient intake exceeded AMDR for fat, carbohydrates, and protein for 27%, 8% and 2% of toddlers respectively. As for the percentage of those exceeding the ESPGHAN cut-off for free sugars set at 5% of energy intake, 28.6% had excessive intakes overall, 10% in 0-5.9, 21.9% in 6-11.9 and 56.7% in 12-23.9 month. Usual iron intake was below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) in 47% of infants 6-11.9 months. Above 12 months, the usual intake of iron and vitamin D were below EAR in 11% and 49% of toddlers respectively. Usual intake exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamin A (14 to 18%) and zinc (11 to 22%) across all ages. Approximately 93% of toddlers ages 12–23.9 months did not meet food groups’ recommendations for vegetables, 87% for fruits, 48% for milk/dairy, 54% for lean meat and beans, and 33% for grains.

Conclusions
This study revealed that a high percentage of infants and toddlers aged 0-23.9 m suffer from a double burden of malnutrition, which is the coexistence of both undernutrition, and overweight and obesity in the same population. In addition to suboptimal feeding practices and inadequate/overconsumption of various nutrients. The findings highlight the need for the development of culturally specific programs aiming to improve the nutritional status of infants and toddlers in the UAE.
Alcohol consumption and associated factors among middle-aged and older adults: results from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Zhang Yanzhuo , Wu Chengai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate alcohol consumption and associated factors in middle-aged and older adults.

Materials and methods
We included 15,942 participants (7,384 men, 8558 women) with age range of 45-101 years from the 2011 baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Variables related to alcohol status and other potential risk factors were selected for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with drinking.

Results
There was a significantly higher proportion of current drinkers among men than women (36.42% ± 0.86% vs. 3.73% ± 0.27%). Among the current drinkers, proportions of binge drinking, heavy drinking and daily drinking were 38.2, 53.0, 57.5% for men and 10.9, 37.2, 36.2% for women, respectively. Factors significantly associated with current drinking were age, health situation, smoking, geographic region, work status and social activities among men, and age, smoking, geographic region and work status among women. The favorite type of alcohol was spirits for both men and women. The type of beverage intake was also related socio- cultural-demographic factors as mentioned above.

Conclusions
Alcohol consumption behaviors and type of beverage was significantly influenced by socio- cultural-demographic factors. The socio-cultural-demographic factors affecting alcohol patterns should be further focused on to promote the development of alcohol control strategies.
Application of Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Saleh Mahshid , Fotook Kiaei Seyedeh Zahra , Kavianpour Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease that eventually leads to death and respiratory failure. Despite the wide range of drugs, including corticosteroids, endothelin antagonist, and pirfenidone, there is no effective treatment, and the only main goal of treatment is to alleviate the symptoms as much as possible to slow down the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life. Lung transplantation may be a treatment option for a few people if pulmonary fibrosis develops and there is no established treatment. Pulmonary fibrosis caused by the COVID19 virus is another problem that we face in most patients despite the efforts of the international medical communities. Therefore, achieving alternative treatment for patients is a great success. Today, basic research using stem cells on pulmonary fibrosis has published promising results. New stem cell-based therapies can be helpful in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated in large quantities and made available for clinical trials without causing ethical problems. These cells have higher flexibility and proliferation potential than other cells isolated from different sources and differentiated into various cells in laboratory environments. More clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these cells. This study will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms and possible effects of Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis.
Beyond financial success: success goals of creative entrepreneurs
Authors: Baláž Vladimír , Jeck Tomáš , Balog Miroslav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on the identities, values and success goals of creative entrepreneurs in Slovakia. The research relies on a database of creative firms supported by the Slovak Creative Voucher Scheme. The survey-based research compares the success goals of creative entrepreneurs with those of people from conventional industries. The research design acknowledges substantial regional economic disparities in Slovakia. The success goals of creative entrepreneurs from the Bratislava region are compared with those of entrepreneurs from less developed regions. Non-parametric tests are applied in order to establish between-group differences. We found that creative entrepreneurs indeed had their own sets of business motives and success goals, different from those of entrepreneurs in conventional industries. The success goals of creative entrepreneurs were not impacted by the location of the business. Creative entrepreneurs located in the capital region of Bratislava had the same structure of success goals as that of people from underdeveloped regions.
The long path to achieving green economy performance for micro small medium enterprise
Authors: Pangarso Astadi , Sisilia Kristina , Setyorini Retno , Peranginangin Yahya , Awirya Agni Alam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicro small medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in a country's economy, so managers must try to run their business according to the current concept of the green economy (GE). Green economy is an economic concept that makes environmental sustainability an important part of realizing sustainable development goals (SDGs). The performance of MSMEs in terms of GE is a measure of how successful an MSME is in implementing the GE concept. Apart from GE, an equally important element regarding MSMEs is business digitization/digitalization. In the era of society 5.0, MSMEs are increasingly affected by digital technology while running their business. With digitalization, MSME managers can run their company in a more environmentally friendly way to align with the GE concept. Not all MSMEs are ready to implement the GE concept and digitalization, which is a serious problem that deserves attention. To produce a tangible solution related to the implementation of the GE concept and digitization requires a literature review. The literature review helps identify research gaps and formulate a theoretical process in terms of MSME readiness regarding the implementation of the GE concept and digitalization to the performance of GE MSMEs. There is still a limited research framework that comprehensively explains the readiness process related to the GE concept. The digitization of MSMEs on GE's performance is the background of this research. This study aims to develop a research framework for GE MSME performance related to MSME readiness related to the GE concept and digitalization. The research method uses a literature review, and summative content analysis for secondary data in Scopus indexed scientific research publication documents in English, which can be downloaded and relevant until March 2021. The research framework formed consists of 15 constructs for 15 propositions derived from 16 publication documents, using Scopus indexed articles. This research framework contributes to the study of entrepreneurship in general and GE's performance for MSMEs. The research framework formed because of the findings of this study is helpful as a basis for empirical research in the future.
Cognitive flexibility, central coherence, and quality of life in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brockmeyer Timo , Febry Hagen , Leiteritz-Rausch Anna , Wünsch-Leiteritz Wally , Leiteritz Andreas , Friederich Hans-Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has consistently been found to be associated with poor cognitive flexibility and central coherence. These two cognitive functions have been considered important maintenance factors in AN and are addressed by specific treatment approaches such as cognitive remediation therapy. While there is clear empirical evidence that difficulties in such cognitive functions are related to impaired daily functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, this potential association has received only little attention in AN research so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine potential relationships between weak cognitive flexibility, central coherence, and poor quality of life (QoL) in AN.

Methods
Cognitive flexibility and central coherence were measured by both neuropsychological (i.e., performance based) and self-report measures alongside with self-reported QoL in a sample of 138 adult patients with AN.

Results
Self-report but not performance based measures of cognitive flexibility and central coherence were associated with QoL. Weaker cognitive flexibility and central coherence were correlated with poorer QoL. These associations were independent of comorbid depression. The link between weak central coherence and poor QoL was particularly strong in patients with the restricting subtype of AN. The link between cognitive flexibility and QoL, however, was independent of AN subtype.

Conclusions
Weak cognitive flexibility and central coherence are associated with low QoL in AN, especially in patients with the restrictive subtype. However, this relationship is dependent on the method of measurement, where self-report measures seem to be more relevant than performance based measures.