bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a chewing robot for mimicking human food oral processing and producing food bolus
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Yu Jinghu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore and more studies have being done on the deformation process of food and the formation of food bolus during chewing. However, it is hard to observe the food oral processing (FOP) of subjects and obtain related data directly. A bionic chewing robot based on a six‐axis parallel mechanism was proposed in this paper. The robot can not only simulate the movement of the lower jaw but also set a variety of oral processing parameters, such as the number and shape of teeth, oral temperature, saliva volume, chewing cycles, speed and force. Meanwhile, dental wax and peanuts were taken as food samples, and the chewing experiments were carried out by the bionic chewing robot and subjects, respectively. The results showed that the bionic chewing robot could be used to mimic human FOP and produce food bolus. Especially when the chewing cycles met the requirement of swallowing, the median particle size of the peanut bolus and the mixing effect index of the dental wax bolus in the two different experiments were highly consistent. In addition, the robot was proved to have the same food texture detection function as the texture analyzer.
Inter‐temporal mutual‐fund management
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Cheung Ka Chun , Li Yiqun , Yam Sheung Chi Phillip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraditionally, mutual funds are mostly managed via an ad hoc approach, namely a terminal‐only optimization. Due to the intricate mathematical complexity of a continuum of constraints imposed, effects of the inter‐temporal reward for the managers are essentially neglected in the previous literature. For instance, the inter‐temporal optimal investment problem from the fund manager's viewpoint, who earns proportional management fees continuously (a golden rule in practice), has been outstanding for long. This article completely resolves this challenging question especially under generic running and terminal utilities, via the Dynamic Programming Principle which leads to a nonconventional, highly nonlinear HJB equation. We develop an original mathematical analysis to establish the unique existence of the classical solution of the primal problem. Further numerical calibrations and simulations for both the portfolio weight and the value functions illustrate the robustness of the optimal portfolio towards the manager's risk attitude, which allows different managers with various risk characteristics to sell essentially the same investment vehicle. Simulation studies also indicate that the policy of charging a substantial terminal‐only management fee can be replaced by another one with only a negligible amount over the interim period, which substantially reduces the total management fee paid by the clients without lowering the manager's satisfaction at all; this last observation echoes the magic of the alchemy of finance.
Do changes in women's household status in Nepal improve access to food and nutrition?
Authors: Diamond‐Smith Nadia , Puri Mahesh , Neuhaus John , Weiser Sheri , Kadiyala Suneetha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWomen's nutritional status remains poor in South Asia, impacting maternal and infant health outcomes. Women's household status is also low, as evidenced by eating behaviours. We started with triadic qualitative interviews with newly married women, husbands and mothers‐in‐law to explore the link between women's status and eating patterns, followed by longitudinal data from a cohort of 200 newly married women in rural Nepal to measure associations over time. Quantitative data were collected every 6 months for 18 months (four rounds of data) between 2018 and 2020. Interviews suggested that household relationships, women's status, and how much and what types of food she was given were intricately linked. Using mixed effects logistic regression models, we explore the association between markers of changing women's status (becoming pregnant, giving birth and working outside the home) on two outcomes (eating last always/usually and achieving minimum dietary diversity). We also explore for interaction between women's status and household food insecurity. Pregnancy increases women's dietary diversity, but this is not sustained post‐partum. Women who work outside the home are less likely to eat last in the household. Food insecurity is associated with both the order of household eating and dietary diversity. Interactions between food insecurity and giving birth suggested that women who give birth in food insecure households are more likely to eat last in the household. Changes in women's household status are associated with some improvements in dietary diversity and order of household eating, but the associations are not long‐lasting and depend on food security status.
AvrRps4 effector family processing and recognition in lettuce
Authors: Nguyen Quang‐Minh , Iswanto Arya Bagus Boedi , Son Geon Hui , Vuong Uyen Thi , Lee Jihyun , Kang Jin‐Ho , Gassmann Walter , Kim Sang Hee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring pathogenesis, effector proteins are secreted from the pathogen to the host plant to provide virulence activity for invasion of the host. However, once the host plant recognizes one of the delivered effectors, effector‐triggered immunity activates a robust immune and hypersensitive response (HR). In planta, the effector AvrRps4 is processed into the N‐terminus (AvrRps4N) and the C‐terminus (AvrRps4C). AvrRps4C is sufficient to trigger HR in turnip and activate AtRRS1/AtRPS4‐mediated immunity in Arabidopsis; on the other hand, AvrRps4N induces HR in lettuce. Furthermore, AvrRps4N‐mediated HR requires a conserved arginine at position 112 (R112), which is also important for full‐length AvrRps4 (AvrRps4F) processing. Here, we show that effector processing and effector recognition in lettuce are uncoupled for the AvrRps4 family. In addition, we compared effector recognition by lettuce of AvrRps4 and its homologues, HopK1 and XopO. Interestingly, unlike for AvrRps4 and HopK1, mutation of the conserved R111 in XopO by itself was insufficient to abolish recognition. The combination of amino acid substitutions arginine 111 to leucine with glutamate 114 to lysine abolished the XopO‐mediated HR, suggesting that AvrRps4 family members have distinct structural requirements for perception by lettuce. Together, our results provide an insight into the processing and recognition of AvrRps4 and its homologues.
Two chloroplast‐localized MORF proteins act as chaperones to maintain tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
Authors: Yuan Jiarui , Ma Tingting , Ji Shuiling , Hedtke Boris , Grimm Bernhard , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Tetrapyrroles have essential functions as pigments and cofactors during plant growth and development, and the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway is tightly controlled. Multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORFs) are required for editing of a wide variety of RNA sites in chloroplasts and mitochondria, but their biochemical properties remain elusive.

Here, we uncovered the roles of chloroplast‐localized MORF2 and MORF9 in modulating tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lack or reduced transcripts of MORF2 or MORF9 significantly affected biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole precursor 5‐aminolevulinic acid and accumulation of Chl and other tetrapyrrole intermediates.

MORF2 directly interacts with multiple tetrapyrrole biosynthesis enzymes and regulators, including NADPH:PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE B (PORB) and GENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4). Strikingly, MORF2 and MORF9 display holdase chaperone activity, alleviate the aggregation of PORB in vitro, and are essential for POR accumulation in vivo. Moreover, both MORF2 and MORF9 significantly stimulate magnesium chelatase activity.

Our findings reveal a previously unknown biochemical property of MORF proteins as chaperones and point to a new layer of post‐translational control of the tightly regulated tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants.
Hybrid ablation procedure for the treatment of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hao Junhai , Xi Yue , Chen Wanwen , Liang Yuanfeng , Lin Zhanyi , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHybrid ablation combines the advantages of surgical and catheter ablation. Many studies have explored the efficiency and safety of hybrid ablation in patients with nonparoxysmal AF.MethodsWe systematically searched for prospective controlled trials that compared hybrid ablation with catheter/surgical ablation in PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Library, and CNKI. Our main assessment indicators included maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) without antiarrhythmic drugs for more than 12 months, major adverse events (MAEs), procedure time and fluoroscopy time.ResultsOf 1214 identified studies, five were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 451 participants). The pooled results showed that hybrid ablation was more effective in maintaining SR than a single procedure (surgical ablation or catheter ablation) (OR = 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–3.89, p < .001). Little significant heterogeneity was revealed (p = .32 for heterogeneity, I2 = 14%). More MAEs occurred in the hybrid group than in the single procedure group (OR = 7.47, 95% CI: 1.90–29.41, p = .004; I2 = 0%). Two trials reported the procedure and fluoroscopy times, and the procedure time for hybrid ablation was significantly longer than that of a single procedure (mean difference = 107.42, 95% CI: 88.62 to 126.22, p < .001; I2 = 82%). There was no significant difference in fluoroscopy time between the 2 groups (mean difference = –1.00, 95% CI: –5.37 to 3.36, p = .65; I2 = 12%).ConclusionsHybrid ablation was more effective than catheter ablation and was as effective as surgical ablation in patients with nonparoxysmal AF. Meanwhile, hybrid ablation, especially concomitant hybrid ablation, increases the incidence of MAEs and prolongs the procedure time.
Controllable Synthesis of BiOCl with Z‐Scheme (001)/(110) Facet Homojunction and their Photocatalytic Killing Effect on HePG2 Cells in vitro
Authors: Dong Wei , Liang Erli , Zhang Qiong , Li Rui , Wang Yunfang , Liu Jianxin , Zhang Xiaochao , Wang Yawen , Fan Caimei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a set of BiOCl with controllable ratios of (001) and (110) facets was prepared by adjusting the content of diethylene glycol (DEG) during the preparation process. The degradation experiment of bisphenol A (BPA) shows that under simulated sunlight, when the ratio of (001) to (110) is 0.61, BiOCl (BOC‐2) has the best degradation activity, which can degrade 96.2% BPA within 20 min. After theoretical calculations and experimental characterization, a Z‐scheme (001)/(110) facet homojunction is proposed. Then, three typical samples were selected to test the biological toxicity of HepG2 cells and the activity of killing HepG2 cells under ultraviolet light conditions. Studies have found that exposed facets play a more important role in the biotoxicity of BiOCl to cells; with a (001)/(110) ratio of 0.61, BOC‐2 exhibits excellent endocytosis and phototoxicity but no obvious dark cytotoxicity, while with a (001)/(110) ratio of 0.15, BiOCl (BOC‐4) has poor endocytosis and strong cytotoxicity under dark conditions. Through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay detection, the process of photocatalytic killing cells of BOC‐2 more looks like an apoptosis mechanism, while BOC‐4 mainly causes cell necrosis.
Exploring the Context‐Sensitivity of Collective Action Motivations and the Mobilizing Role of Social Media: A Comparative Interview Study With Activists in Germany and Turkey
Authors: Odağ Özen , Uluğ Özden Melis , Kanık Betül , Maganić Mia Marina 
Published: May 2022

Western scholarship has underlined the relevance of social identity, perceived efficacy, emotions, and cost–benefit assessments as central catalysts of collective action. Little has been done to understand the context‐sensitivity of these catalysts by means of cross‐culturally comparative designs. The current study explores their context‐sensitivity. It aims to find out whether existing opportunity structures in a democratic, nonrepressive country like Germany produce catalysts of collective action different from those produced in an autocratic, repressive country like Turkey. It also aims to understand the role of social media in mobilizing people in these two contexts. Semistandardized interviews with activists were carried out in both countries (n = 18 in Germany and n = 15 in Turkey) and analyzed by means of a cross‐culturally comparative inductive coding procedure including initial and focused coding. Results show that collective action is related to different configurations of collective‐action catalysts in the two countries. Solidarity concerns at the face of existential risks are more pronounced in Turkey, whereas political‐change concerns are more important in Germany. The role of social media accordingly differs, adhering to the different activist goals. Theoretical implications for the role of context in studying collective action are discussed.
Disruption of cell proliferation and apoptosis balance in the testes of crossbred cattle‐yaks affects spermatogenic cell fate and sterility
Authors: Shimazaki Megumi , Wittayarat Manita , Sambuu Rentsenkhand , Sugita Asami , Kawaguchi Masaki , Hirata Maki , Tanihara Fuminori , Takagi Mitsuhiro , Taniguchi Masayasu , Otoi Takeshige , Sato Yoko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis is well‐coordinated in spermatogenesis for the timely production of appropriate numbers of sperm in animals. Disruption or decrease in sperm production is due to many conditions, including changes in testicular cell fate balance. Interspecies hybridization of domestic yaks and cattle results in sterility in males because of spermatogenic arrest; however, the underlying mechanisms involved in sterility are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the proliferation and apoptosis status during the development of yaks and crossbred cattle‐yaks using immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling assays. Testicular tissues from yaks (immature: 1 year old, mature: 2–3 years old) and backcrossed hybrids (2 year old) were collected and used to investigate the expression of each parameter in testicular cells. During the maturation of yak testes, proliferation and apoptosis became active only in spermatogenic cells, and not in other somatic cells, such as Sertoli cells, myoid cells and Leydig cells. Furthermore, hybrid cattle‐yak testes maintained proliferation ability but less apoptotic ability in spermatogenic cells when compared to yaks of the same age, suggesting that normal spermatogenic cell fate control is disrupted by changes in the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, Leydig cell proliferation rate was higher than apoptosis rate in the cattle‐yak testes, indicating an increased number of Leydig cells, which may affect spermatogenesis through changes in steroidogenesis. Although epigenetic changes may be involved in cattle‐yak testes, further studies are needed to clarify the modulation of proliferation and apoptosis to elucidate the mechanisms of infertility in hybrid cattle‐yak males.
Are Epidemic Growth Rates More Informative than Reproduction Numbers?
Authors: Parag Kris V. , Thompson Robin N. , Donnelly Christl A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSummary statistics, often derived from simplified models of epidemic spread, inform public health policy in real time. The instantaneous reproduction number, Rt, is predominant among these statistics, measuring the average ability of an infection to multiply. However, Rt encodes no temporal information and is sensitive to modelling assumptions. Consequently, some have proposed the epidemic growth rate, rt, that is, the rate of change of the log-transformed case incidence, as a more temporally meaningful and model-agnostic policy guide. We examine this assertion, identifying if and when estimates of rt are more informative than those of Rt. We assess their relative strengths both for learning about pathogen transmission mechanisms and for guiding public health interventions in real time.
Beyond financial constraints: The politics of Irish health system reform in the aftermath of the great recession
Authors: Devitt Camilla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the main factors influencing the success of welfare reforms in the context of crises. It focuses on the healthcare reform plan proposed in Ireland in the aftermath of the Great Recession, which aimed at the establishment of a universal health system but was only very partially implemented. As the plan would have required an increase in public expenditure, it may be expected that cost concerns explain the overall reform outcome in the context of an economic crisis. However, analysis of the process leading to the abandonment of a central element of the plan and the partial introduction of another component shows that, apart from financial concerns, the outcome is explained by three politico‐institutional factors: the political orientation of the parties in government; electoral (dis)incentives in pursuing different elements of the reform; and the extent of institutional change associated with them.
Citizen science in K–12 school‐based learning settings
Authors: Pizzolato Larissa A. V. , Tsuji Leonard J. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCitizen science, or the public participation in scientific research, is a mechanism for student engagement, and co‐creation of knowledge in the scientific research process. Through participation in citizen science initiatives within school‐based learning environments, students can gain field experience, direct project scope, and contribute to broader research objectives while simultaneously achieving learning outcomes and fostering connections to their local communities. To capture the breadth and scope of existing citizen science initiatives applied in Kindergarten–Grade 12 schools, a systematic mapping exercise was undertaken to evaluate common themes related to the type of activities students participated in (i.e., the collection, transcription, categorization, and analysis of data), along with their level of participation in the citizen science initiatives (i.e., crowdsourcing, distributed intelligence, participatory science, and extreme citizen science). Of the 77 manuscripts extracted in the systematic map, nearly all (67/77) involved data collection, and a significant proportion of manuscripts captured a distributed intelligence level of participation (56/77).
How do we obtain and maintain patient blood management certification?
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Blanton Kim , Gilstad Colleen , Hong Hong , Nichols Tracie , Putnam Hannah , Marinaro Liz , Segura Teresa , Tay Sulyn , Bocquet Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe creation of a patient blood management (PBM) certification program by The Joint Commission (TJC) and Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) provides validation of an existing PBM program.Materials and MethodsA team of subject matter experts in PBM formed a working group to develop a structured approach to guide PBM programs through the PBM certification. Program challenges and metrics were reviewed.ResultsInitial steps to establishing PBM certification include a multidisciplinary working group and hospital administration buy‐in. Development of policies and procedures individualized to the facility will standardize practice. An institutional transfusion committee can provide PBM oversight including enforcing compliance. Using resources such as TJC and AABB standards and tools including electronic medical records (EMR) can track and trend hospital PBM performance and identify improvement opportunities. A gap analysis tool helps implementation. Challenges might include maintaining a PBM program during a merger, slow responsiveness of information systems (IS) to requests, PBM education for both the Transfusion Safety Officer (TSO) and hospital staff with constant turnover. Available metrics from one hospital system showed good compliance with transfusion thresholds (average all products: 97.9%, 2019, 2020). In 2020, through educational efforts the cost savings were $124,856.70 compared to 2019. Regarding single unit transfusion of RBCs, this was 62.25% (2019), 63.75% (2020), 72.00% (2021), and surpassed the target goal of 60%.ConclusionsObtaining PBM certification highlights the success of an institution's PBM program. Facilities that have achieved PBM certification have seen significant reductions in transfusions and considerable cost savings.
Influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis in a canine jejunal enterectomy model
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Moore George E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) in dogs.Study designRandomized, experimental, ex vivo.Animals or sample populationGrossly normal jejunal segments from 14 adult canine cadavers.MethodsNinety‐eight jejunal segments (n = 14/FEESA group, n = 14 controls) were harvested and randomly assigned to a control group, FEESA + monofilament suture oversew, FEESA + unidirectional barbed suture oversew or FEESA + bidirectional barbed suture oversew. Oversew techniques were performed using a Cushing suture pattern. Initial (ILP) and maximum leakage pressure (MLP), repair time (s), and location of observed leakage were recorded.ResultsNo differences were detected in ILP (p = .439) or MLP (p = .644) respectively between experimental groups. Repairs times using barbed suture were ~ 18% faster (~25 s faster; p < .001) compared to monofilament suture. There was no difference between barbed suture types (p = .697). Mean ILP (p < .001) and MLP (p < .0001) were 6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively in the control group. Leakage location occurred predominately at the crotch of the FEESA in all groups.ConclusionFEESAs closed with a transverse staple line oversew using barbed suture, regardless of barb orientation, were completed faster and resulted in similar resistance to anastomotic leakage compared to monofilament suture.Clinical significanceOversewing the transverse staple line following FEESA using barbed suture offers similar resistance to anastomotic leakage, and may be associated with decreased surgical times in dogs compared to monofilament suture. Further studies are necessary to determine the benefits of barbed suture use in both open and laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgical applications following FEESA in dogs.