bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre région et nation. Le développement de l’enseignement de l’architecture à Strasbourg (1880-1930)
Authors: Châtelet Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2022

Entre région et nation. Le développement de l’enseignement de l’architecture à Strasbourg (1880-1930) — L’enseignement de l’architecture a connu deux formes différentes, l’une artistique, proposée par l’École des beaux-arts à Paris vers laquelle convergeaient des étudiants de tous les pays, l’autre scientifique, dispensée par les écoles polytechniques qui se sont largement répandues en Allemagne. Toutes deux ont pris pied à Strasbourg entre 1880 et 1930 par les créations successives d’une école technique par l’Empire allemand, puis d’une école des beaux-arts par l’État français. Les modes pédagogiques ont été utilisés comme arguments politiques, faisant de l’enseignement, et plus largement de l’architecture, un enjeu tout aussi national que régional.
Le voyage de Flohr (1780-1783) : à la croisée des mondes, des identités et des souvenirs
Authors: Hirstein Edern 
Published: October 2022

Le voyage de Flohr (1780-1783) : à la croisée des mondes, des identités et des souvenirs — Manuscrit inédit rapportant d’importants événements, la Description du voyage de l’acclamé régiment Royal-Deux-Ponts en Amérique sur terre et sur mer de 1780 à 1784 offre un regard original sur la relation entre individu et voyage au XVIIIe siècle. Georg Daniel Flohr, son auteur, jeune soldat d’origine modeste, a produit une œuvre qui met en lumière une pratique inhabituelle exprimant le rapport des « anonymes » au dépaysement et à la mobilité. Le voyage de Flohr et son écriture sont deux moments distincts, qui marquent deux étapes dans le processus d’individuation de l’auteur. Membre d’un régiment caractérisé par sa germanité, l’empreinte de l’auteur est très légère au sein de son texte. Elle s’affirme en fait aux marges de son projet littéraire destiné à la relation d’une aventure collective. Ce texte, redécouvert récemment, offre nombre d’extraits fleuris permettant d’exposer certains mécanismes spécifiques de ce processus d’individuation, qui de prime abord, n’a rien d’évident. Le présent article prend en compte les ambiguïtés du récit, mais aussi son exotisme et sa candeur, pour mettre en évidence la prise de conscience de soi via l’écriture, grâce aux souvenirs.
La croisière d’Edith Wharton en Méditerranée (1888) : un avènement à soi ?
Authors: Bourguinat Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

La croisière d’Edith Wharton en Méditerranée (1888) : un avènement à soi ? — Jeune mariée, Edith Wharton effectua une longue navigation en Méditerranée en 1888, parcourant en particulier la mer Égée. Le journal tenu à cette occasion resta longtemps inconnu des chercheurs et précède de près de vingt ans ses premières tentatives littéraires de récit de voyage comme Italian Backgrounds. Dans cet article, on cherche à reconstituer la logique de la venue à l’écriture de cette représentante de la grande bourgeoisie cultivée de la Nouvelle Angleterre. La volonté de dresser un mémorial de ce voyage voisine avec l’effort pour exister indépendamment de ses deux compagnons de route et pour s’affirmer sinon en tant que femme, du moins dans une forme de différence. Sans laisser apparaître une voix vraiment originale par rapport à la littérature de voyage existante sur la Grèce et ses habitants, le journal d’Edith Wharton témoigne de l’émergence d’un « je » et d’une prise de conscience de soi.
Construire À Strasbourg : architectes et avatars (1824-1914)
Authors: Hosseinabadi Shahram 
Published: October 2022

Construire à Strasbourg : architectes et avatars (1824-1914) – Du milieu du XIXe siècle à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Strasbourg a connu un développement urbain considérable alors même que l’Alsace oscillait de part et d’autre de la frontière franco-allemande. Ce fut un immense chantier aussi bien sur le plan architectural que politique. Quels en furent les bâtisseurs ? Cet article vise, d’abord, à offrir un aperçu statistique de ce millier d’architectes et d’entrepreneurs qui ont œuvré à Strasbourg pendant cette période. Il esquissera, ensuite, des profils-types de ces constructeurs, tantôt bien connus comme Gustave Krafft ou Fritz Beblo, tantôt moins, tel Paul Dürr, proposant ainsi une « typologie » des professionnels du bâtiment en fonction de leur origine et leur formation, et s’interrogeant sur l’éventuel impact qu’ont eu les « annexions » ou « rattachements ». Enfin, il tentera de brosser un tableau du milieu professionnel des architectes dont la corporation était alors, justement, en voie de construction. L’étude est sous-tendue par des recherches en cours dans le cadre du projet métacult dont l’objectif est de mettre en évidence des figures et les protagonistes des transferts culturels, en architecture et urbanisme, entre la France et l’Allemagne. S’appuyant principalement sur les annuaires d’adresses (Adressbücher), elle essaiera, nonobstant, de croiser les informations issues de ces publications avec la littérature existante sur les architectes de Strasbourg et sur le développement de la profession à cette époque.
Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Bio-Based Aromatics
Authors: U. Okoye Patrick , Duque-Brito Estefania , R. Lobata-Peralta Diego , A. Okolie Jude , M. Arias Dulce , P. Sebastian Joseph 
Published: October 2022

Green application of biodiesel-derived glycerol will boost biodiesel production in terms of sustainability and economics. The glycerol to liquid fuels is a promising route that provides an additional energy source, which contributes significantly to energy transition besides biodiesel. This pathway could generate alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons with a yield of ∼60%, oxygenates, and gases. MFI Zeolites (H-ZSM-5) catalysts are mainly used to propagate the aromatization pathway. This chapter presents the pathways, challenges, catalytic design, influences of catalyst acidity, metal addition, reaction condition, and catalysts deactivation on glycerol conversion to hydrocarbon fuels and aromatics. Studies revealed that time on stream, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (range of 0.1–1 h−1) influences the benzene, toluene, and xylene BTX and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene BTEX yield. Acidity of the H-ZSM-5 could be tailored by metals, additives, and binders. Bronsted acidity promotes coke formation which results in reversible deactivation of the H-ZSM-5 catalyst. It is hoped that this study will promote intensified research on the use of glycerol for purposes of fuel generating and valuable products.
Concepciones de docentes de Educación Primaria sobre el juego de rol como herramienta para la enseñanza del patrimonio
Authors: Sampedro-Martín Sergio , Estepa Giménez Jesús 
Published: October 2022

This research is a first approach to the study of the conceptions that primary school teachers in Huelva have about the role play when teaching the heritage. For doing this, a questionnaire has been carried on teachers in Huelva, in order to establish didactic models in relation to the teaching of heritage through role-playing games. Afterwards, we have deepened their conceptions and practices through an interview with teachers with different didactic profiles. Finally, we have analyzed the data obtained, relying on the descriptors of our category system and following our progression hypothesis. Among the main results of this study, we highlight that teachers value heritage education and the relevance of the use of role-playing as a significant tool for teaching the heritage, despite the fact that they do not use it in the practice of their teaching.
Esta investigación es una primera aproximación al estudio de concepciones de docentes de Educación Primaria sobre el juego de rol en la enseñanza del patrimonio. Para ello se ha procedido a aplicar un cuestionario a los docentes de Huelva capital con el fin de establecer modelos didácticos en relación con la enseñanza del patrimonio a través de los juegos de rol. Después, profundizamos en sus concepciones y prácticas a través de una entrevista a docentes con perfiles didácticos diferentes. Finalmente, analizamos los datos obtenidos, apoyándonos en los descriptores de nuestro sistema de categorías y siguiendo nuestra hipótesis de progresión. Entre los principales resultados de este estudio destacamos que los docentes valoran la educación patrimonial y la relevancia del uso del juego de rol como herramienta significativa para la enseñanza del patrimonio, a pesar de que no lo utilicen en la práctica de su enseñanza.
Identification and functional analysis of PIN family genes in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Long Yilei , Chen Quanjia , Qu Yanying , Liu Pengfei , Jiao Yang , Cai Yongsheng , Deng Xiaojuan , Zheng Kai 
Published: October 2022

Background
PIN proteins are an important class of auxin polar transport proteins that play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. However, their characteristics and functions have not been identified in Gossypium barbadense.

Methods
PIN family genes were identified in the cotton species G. barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, and detailed bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the roles of these genes in G. barbadense using transcriptome data and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technology. Functional verification of the genes was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology.

Results
A total of 138 PIN family genes were identified in the four cotton species; the genes were divided into seven subgroups. GbPIN gene family members were widely distributed on 20 different chromosomes, and most had repeated duplication events. Transcriptome analysis showed that some genes had differential expression patterns in different stages of fiber development. According to ‘PimaS-7’ and ‘5917’ transcript component association analysis, the transcription of five genes was directly related to endogenous auxin content in cotton fibers. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the GbPIN7 gene was routinely expressed during fiber development, and there were significant differences among materials. Transient silencing of the GbPIN7 gene by VIGS led to significantly higher cotton plant growth rates and significantly lower endogenous auxin content in leaves and stems. This study provides comprehensive analyses of the roles of PIN family genes in G. barbadense and their expression during cotton fiber development. Our results will form a basis for further PIN auxin transporter research.
Multifocal malignant extra‐adrenal paragangliomas of the Organ of Zuckerkandl and urinary bladder
Authors: Salanitri John , Smith Peter , Schlicht Stephen 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYA case of multifocal malignant extra‐adrenal paragangliomas involving the Organ of Zuckerkandl and urinary bladder is presented. The role and order of imaging investigations of functioning extra‐adrenal paraganglioma is discussed.
Is the defect in pro‐hormone processing in Type 2 diabetes mellitus restricted to the β cell?
Authors: Bano G. , Rodin D. A. , White A. , O'rahilly S. , Nussey S. S. 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARY Aims  To investigate whether the defect in pro‐hormone processing in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is restricted to the pancreatic β cell or whether there is evidence of a more generalized abnormality.Methods  Ten Indian subcontinent Asian women with diet‐controlled Type 2 diabetes were compared with a control group of nine non‐diabetic Asian women who were matched for body mass index. All subjects underwent a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test during which plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin and 32,33 split proinsulin were measured.Subjects  in both groups then underwent an intravenous corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) test with 100 μg human CRH. Plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and ACTH precursors were measured.Results  Basal levels of insulin were lower in diabetic subjects (32.5 (12.5–52) pmol/l) than in the control group (42.2 (21.4–63.0) pmol/l); normalized geometric mean (95% confidence interval), P < 0.05; as were the levels at 30 min (29.5 (3.7–55.3) pmol/l) and (34.4 (10.7–58.2) pmol/l), P < 0.05. The levels at 60 min were (26.7 (6.4–47.0) pmol/l) in subjects with diabetes and (13.6 (−11.3–38.5) pmol/l) in controls, P < 0.05 and at 90 min these were (43.4 (19.4–67.4) pmol/l) and (19.3 (−4.6–43.3) pmol/l), P < 0.05, respectively, after the 75‐g oral glucose load. The acute insulin response was markedly reduced in the subjects with diabetes (1.8 (0.60–3.1) pmol insulin/mmol glucose), compared with the control group (31.4 (8.0–54) pmol/l insulin/mmol glucose), P < 0.005. Intact proinsulin was much higher in the diabetic subjects (23.9 (10.1–37) pmol/l) than in the control group (7.2 (3.9–10) pmol/l), P < 0.002, as was the percentage of proinsulin‐like molecules (28 (14–42) and 12 (8–17)%), respectively, P < 0.01. There were no differences between basal or stimulated levels of ACTH precursors, ACTH or cortisol between the diabetic subjects and the controls.Conclusions  The defect in insulin secretion in Indian subcontinent Asian women with Type 2 diabetes is similar to that described in other populations with an increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. The absence of any defect in the processing of cortisol precursors in the women with Type 2 diabetes suggests that they do not have a generalized defect of hormone processing.
Automated static perimetry in myopes with peripapillary crescents – Part I
Authors: Rudnicka Alicja R. , Edgar David F. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryCentral visual fields were investigated by automated static perimetry in a group of healthy myopic individuals with peripapillary crescents and tigroid fundus changes only. Results were compared with ‘emmetropic’ and ‘myopic subjects without crescents’ control groups. The sample comprised 122 young, healthy volunteers between the ages of 18.5 and 35.4 years, free from any ocular or systemic disease, with refractive errors ranging from +4.00 D to −25.75 D. Central visual fields were examined using programs 30‐2 and 30‐1 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), which in combination yield a test point resolution of 4.2° within the central 30°. Visual field analysis showed a decline in the differential light sensitivity in myopes with peripapillary changes only, compared with the control groups. These field changes became more pronounced as the degree of myopia, axial length and area of the peripapillary crescent increased. Results suggest that the sensitivity decline of the central field occurs in subjects with axial lengths above 26 mm and more than 5 D of myopia. Knowledge of the likely field defects encountered in myopia will assist practitioners to distinguish between physiological and pathological fields in myopes.
Outcome of Older Patients Requiring Ventilatory Support in Intensive Care: Impact of Nutritional Status
Authors: Dardaine Véronique , Dequin Pierre‐François , Ripault Héliette , Constans Thierry , Giniès Guy 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: To determine predictors of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) and at 6 months after discharge; to assess the lifestyles of survivors 6 months after discharge.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of patients screened upon admission and 6 months after discharge from the ICU.SETTING: The ICU of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixteen consecutive patients age 70 and older admitted to the ICU and treated by mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours.MEASUREMENTS: A comprehensive medical, functional, nutritional, and social assessment was undertaken for each patient upon admission to the ICU. Functional status and residence were recorded for patients still living 6 months after discharge from the ICU.RESULTS: Mortality in the ICU and 6 months after discharge was 31% and 52%, respectively. The predictors of in‐ICU mortality on multivariate analysis were a high omega score per day in the ICU and a high simplified acute physiologic score corrected for points related to age (SAPS IIc). The predictors of mortality at 6 months were a high omega score per day in the ICU, a high SAPS IIc, and a mid‐arm circumference (MAC) under the 10th percentile for the older French population in good health. Six months after discharge from the ICU, 91% of the surviving patients had the same residential status and 89% had a similar or improved functional status compared with pre‐admission status.CONCLUSIONS: Although severity of illness remains an important predictor of in‐ICU mortality and mortality at 6 months after release from ICU, we found that impaired nutritional status upon admission was related to 6‐month mortality. These results emphasize the need for a systematic nutritional assessment in older patients admitted to the ICU and treated by mechanical ventilation.
Implementing a Mandatory Geriatrics Clerkship
Authors: Powers Cathey S. , Savidge Mildred A. , Allen Ruth M. , Cooper‐Witt Christina M. 
Published: July 2002

Due to the rapid growth in the proportion of U.S. citizens aged 65 and older (20% by 2030) it is imperative that U.S. medical schools train students who can provide quality care to the older population. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to report the experience of creating a 4‐week, mandatory geriatrics clerkship for junior medical students. Funded by a grant from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences developed a mandatory, third‐year clerkship in geriatric medicine.The clerkship included clinical experiences in outpatient clinics, transitional care units, nursing homes, hospice programs, and core didactic sessions. The sites for the clerkship were the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Hospital, the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Hospital, community nursing homes, and community hospice programs in Little Rock, Arkansas. The entire junior class of 135 students participated in the new clerkship.Students were assessed through a three‐station Objective Structured Clinical Examination followed by a brief post‐ encounter examination and faculty preceptor evaluations collected from each clinical site. Students evaluated the clerkship through written evaluations and focus group discussions. This paper demonstrates that students acquired sufficient cognitive knowledge to satisfactorily complete the clerkship but did not highly value the experience.
A laminated plate theory for high frequency, piezoelectric thin-film resonators
Authors: Yong Y.-K. , Stewart J. T. , Ballato A. 
Published: July 2002

A high frequency, piezoelectric, laminated plate theory is developed and presented for the purpose of modeling and analyzing piezoelectric thin-film resonators and filters. The laminated plate equations are extensions of anisotropic composite plate theories to include piezoelectric effects and capabilities for modeling harmonic overtones of thickness-shear vibrations. Two-dimensional equations of motion for piezoelectric laminates were deduced from the three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity by expanding the mechanical displacements and electric potential in a series of trigonometric function, and obtaining stress resultants by integrating through the plate thickness. Relations for handling the mechanical and electrical effects of platings on the top and bottom surfaces of the laminate are derived. A new matrix method of correcting the cutoff frequencies is presented. This matrix method could also be used to efficiently correct the cutoff frequencies of any nth order plate laminate theories which employ Mindlin’s form of polynomial expansion of mechanical displacements and electric potential through the plate thickness. The first order laminated plate theory with correction factors for cutoff frequencies and slope of the flexural branch at large frequencies was applied to a 2-layer, zinc oxide-silicon strip, and a 3-layer, zinc oxide-zinc oxide-silicon strip. Open circuit, dispersion relations were generated for a range of volume fractions and compared to the exact dispersion relations.
Both the 2-layer and 3-layer strip show similar qualitative comparison: The present theory compares fairly well with the exact dispersion relation for real wave numbers and nonpropagating (imaginary) wave numbers which are smaller than 0.5i. The extensional branch, and thickness-shear branches begin to deviate from the exact solution when the nondimensionalized frequency is greater than one. Consequently, to maintain accuracy of solutions when using the present first order laminated plate theory, one should limit the calculation of resonant, nondimensionalized frequencies to less than 1.1. Results for the frequency spectrum in the vicinity of the open circuit, fundamental thickness-shear frequency, and modes shapes were presented for the 2-layer strip with fixed edges, and a volume fraction of silicon equal to 0.2. The technically important fundamental thickness-shear mode is found to have the shear component strongly coupled with extensional component.
Effects of testosterone propionate and nandrolone decanoate on body composition and lipoprotein concentrations in the rat
Authors: Lewanowitsch T. , Irvine R. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illicitly by athletes, bodybuilders and polydrug users. Cardiovascular complications are associated with their use and adverse lipoprotein alterations have been implicated as a contributing factor. In this experiment male and female rats were administered testosterone propionate, nandrolone decanoate or vehicle (peanut oil), 1 mg/kg/day s.c. for 14 days. Only the testosterone‐treated females experienced a significant increase in total body weight gain compared to peanut oil controls. No changes in food and water intake or excretion were noted between these two groups. Total body water increased in the testosterone‐treated female rats. Changes in lipoprotein profiles in female testosterone rats over the treatment period indicated a significant decrease in high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) compared to peanut oil‐treated animals.This study indicates that the treatment protocol used may serve as a model to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of AAS.
Influence of concomitant drugs on methadone elimination half‐life in patients under a maintenance treatment
Authors: Lucas A. C. S. , Bermejo A. M. , Tabernero M. J. , FernÁNdez P. , CÁMpora P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMethadone elimination half‐life was determined in 18 patients under maintenance treatments and found to range from 2.05 to 49.6 h. A study of potential correlations between this parameter and the presence of concomitant drugs, inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450, revealed an increase or decrease of methadone elimination half‐life, respectively. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary excretion of methadone was determined in three patients, who were found to release 22.3–49.8% of the dose taken. The amount excreted varied with the chemical form (unaltered drug or its main metabolite) in the three cases. No statistically significant correlation was found between urine pH and the elimination half‐life (p < 0.50).