bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Risk Prediction Tool for an Individual's Risk of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Development and External Validation Study
Authors: Xu Xianglong , Yu Zhen , Ge Zongyuan , Chow Eric P F , Bao Yining , Ong Jason J , Li Wei , Wu Jinrong , Fairley Christopher K , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2022

Background
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major global public health concerns. Over 1 million curable STIs occur every day among people aged 15 years to 49 years worldwide. Insufficient testing or screening substantially impedes the elimination of HIV and STI transmission.

Objective
The aim of our study was to develop an HIV and STI risk prediction tool using machine learning algorithms.

Methods
We used clinic consultations that tested for HIV and STIs at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between March 2, 2015, and December 31, 2018, as the development data set (training and testing data set). We also used 2 external validation data sets, including data from 2019 as external “validation data 1” and data from January 2020 and January 2021 as external “validation data 2.” We developed 34 machine learning models to assess the risk of acquiring HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. We created an online tool to generate an individual’s risk of HIV or an STI.

Results
The important predictors for HIV and STI risk were gender, age, men who reported having sex with men, number of casual sexual partners, and condom use. Our machine learning–based risk prediction tool, named MySTIRisk, performed at an acceptable or excellent level on testing data sets (area under the curve [AUC] for HIV=0.78; AUC for syphilis=0.84; AUC for gonorrhea=0.78; AUC for chlamydia=0.70) and had stable performance on both external validation data from 2019 (AUC for HIV=0.79; AUC for syphilis=0.85; AUC for gonorrhea=0.81; AUC for chlamydia=0.69) and data from 2020-2021 (AUC for HIV=0.71; AUC for syphilis=0.84; AUC for gonorrhea=0.79; AUC for chlamydia=0.69).

Conclusions
Our web-based risk prediction tool could accurately predict the risk of HIV and STIs for clinic attendees using simple self-reported questions. MySTIRisk could serve as an HIV and STI screening tool on clinic websites or digital health platforms to encourage individuals at risk of HIV or an STI to be tested or start HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. The public can use this tool to assess their risk and then decide if they would attend a clinic for testing. Clinicians or public health workers can use this tool to identify high-risk individuals for further interventions.
The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19
Authors: Layug Alyan , Krishnamurthy Samiksha , McKenzie Rachel , Feng Bo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, increased social media usage has led to worsened mental health outcomes for many people. Moreover, due to the sociopolitical climate during the pandemic, the prevalence of online racial discrimination has contributed to worsening psychological well-being. With increases in anti-Asian hate, Asian and Asian American social media users may experience the negative effects of online racial discrimination in addition to the reduced psychological well-being resulting from exposure to online COVID-19 content.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19–related social media use and exposure to online racial discrimination during the pandemic on the mental health outcomes (ie, anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress [STS]) of Asian Americans compared with those of non-Asian Americans. In addition, this study explores the mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of racial/ethnic identification.MethodsAn online survey was conducted through Amazon Mechanical Turk and a university-wide research portal from March 3 to March 15, 2021. A total of 1147 participants took the survey. Participants’ social media usage related to COVID-19 and exposure to 2 online forms of racial discrimination (individual and vicarious), mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, and STS), racial/ethnic identification, negative affect, and demographics were assessed.ResultsOur results showed that COVID-19–related social media use, individual discrimination, and vicarious discrimination were predictors of negative mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, and STS). Asian Americans reported higher vicarious discrimination than Latinx and White Americans, but Asian Americans’ mental health outcomes did not differ substantially from those of the other racial/ethnic groups. Racial/ethnic identification moderated the relationship between both types of discrimination and STS, and negative affect served as a mediator between both types of discrimination and all 3 mental health outcomes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that social media exposure continues to have a dire effect on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study helps to contextualize the rise of anti-Asian American hate and its impact on mental health outcomes in the United States.
Pemberdayaan Kewirausahaan Rumah Tangga Melalui Pelatihan Kerajinan Tangan Macrame
Authors: Rahmadieni Risky Yuniar , Eka Yuni Purwanti  , Parsi  , Eka Idar Wahyuni  , Diana Sari  
Published: August 2022

Mayoritas penduduk dusun Klemut sebagai pelaku UMKM sehingga kerajinan tangan macrame merupakan sebuah upaya kesempatan peluang usaha untuk dapat memberikan tambahan nilai daya jual ekonomi khususnya kepada ibu-ibu rumah tangga. Hal ini didukung dengan banyaknya ibu yang tidak bekerja dan memiliki waktu luang. Permasalahan dihadapi belum ada seseorang memiliki keahlian di bidang kerajinan tangan. Maka dari itu, dilaksanakan kegiatan pendampingan pelatihan kerajinan tangan macrame dalam pembuatan gantungan pot yang diikuti oleh 14 peserta. Tujuan diadakan pelatihan adalah 1) ibu-ibu rumah tangga mampu menghasilkan produk karya terbaru dari hasil kerajinan tangan macrame dan mampu mengembangkan berbagai variasi, dan 2) timbul keinginan minat berwirausaha dengan menjual hasil karya kerajinan tangannya. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah tahap persiapan anggaran pembelian alat dan bahan yang terdiri dari tali kur dan pot tanaman. Tahap pelaksanaan dan evaluasi antara lain sosialisasi minat kewirausahaan, pengenalan praktik dasar pelatihan macrame dan penyelesaian macrame guna memaksimalkan hasil karya kerajinan tangan. Hasil pelatihan yang diperoleh, peserta memberikan respons secara positif dan antusias untuk minat berwirausaha dengan ditunjukkan keaktifan berpartisipasi mengikuti pelatihan dan memahami mengenai tentang kewirausahaan yang didukung dengan ketercapaian ibu-ibu rumah tangga bisa mempraktikkan secara mandiri proses yang telah diajarkan.
The Association between Stock Liquidity and Audit Pricing
Authors: Campbell John L. , Duchac Jonathan E. , Shi Wei , Stice Derrald 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Prior research finds that firms' stock liquidity is associated with more aggressive discretionary accruals and revenues, suggesting that firms face pressure to make more aggressive accounting decisions when liquidity is high. However, the literature has yet to examine whether the effects of liquidity on financial reporting quality are severe enough to impact audit risk. We address this gap and offer three main findings. First, we find a positive association between stock liquidity and the probability of restatements, suggesting that the pressures from liquidity to engage in aggressive reporting decisions are severe enough to increase audit risk. Second, we find a positive association between stock liquidity and audit fees, suggesting that auditors at least partially incorporate the audit risk from liquidity into their pricing decisions. Finally, we find that the positive association between liquidity and audit pricing is concentrated in firms with poor corporate governance mechanisms.
JEL Classifications: G12; G30; M42.
Dental students' interest in orthodontic careers: do orthodontic-related experiences and faculty and practitioner role models matter?
Authors: Wendling Nolan , Kim-Berman Hera , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess the percentage of dental students interested in orthodontics and likely to apply to orthodontic residency programs, the role of orthodontic-related experiences, and of orthodontic faculty and practitioner role models for student career decision-making.

Materials and Methods
This study had a cross-sectional design. A total of 335 students from seven U.S. dental schools responded to an anonymous web-based survey.

Results
35% were much/very much interested in becoming orthodontists and 26% were likely to apply for this specialty training. A total of 80.1% had orthodontic treatment, 58.7% knew an orthodontist in their community, 44% had shadowed an orthodontist, and 10.8% had worked in an orthodontic practice before dental school. Respondents evaluated orthodontic practitioners more positively than orthodontic faculty. They considered practitioners as more compassionate providers than faculty members (5-point scale with 5 = agree strongly: mean = 4.25 vs 3.83; P &lt; .001), making more of a difference in their patients' lives (4.44 vs 4.05; P &lt; .001), and as better role models (4.21 vs 3.94; P &lt; .001) who encouraged students more to pursue orthodontics (4.03 vs 3.65; P &lt; .001). Their interest in becoming an orthodontist and in applying for an orthodontic residency program correlated with educational experiences (r = 0.35; P &lt; .001 / r = 0.34; P &lt; .001) and positive impressions of orthodontic faculty (r = 0.23; P &lt; .001 / r = 0.22; P &lt; .001) and practicing orthodontists (r = 0.29; P &lt; .001 / r = 0.27; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Better understanding of factors motivating dental students to pursue orthodontics is crucial. Orthodontic practitioners and faculty play an important role in this context.
High HbA1c Levels Are Associated With Development of Trigger Finger in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Register-Based Study From Sweden
Authors: Rydberg Mattias , Zimmerman Malin , Gottsäter Anders , Eeg-Olofsson Katarina , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Trigger finger (TF) is a hand disorder causing the fingers to painfully lock in flexion. Diabetes is a known risk factor; however, whether strict glycemic control effectively lowers risk of TF is unknown. Our aim was to examine whether high HbA1c was associated with increased risk of TF among individuals with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) was cross-linked with the health care register of the Region of Skåne in southern Sweden. In total, 9,682 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 85,755 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) aged ≥18 years were included from 2004 to 2019. Associations between HbA1c and TF were calculated with sex-stratified, multivariate logistic regression models with 95% CIs, with adjustment for age, duration of diabetes, BMI, and systolic blood pressure.

RESULTS
In total, 486 women and 271 men with T1D and 1,143 women and 1,009 men with T2D were diagnosed with TF. Increased levels of HbA1c were associated with TF among individuals with T1D (women OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1–1.4], P = 0.001, and men 1.4 [1.2–1.7], P &lt; 0.001) and T2D (women 1.14 [95% CI 1.2–1.2], P &lt; 0.001, and men 1.12 [95% CI 1.0–1.2], P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemia increases the risk of developing TF among individuals with T1D and T2D. Optimal treatment of diabetes seems to be of importance for prevention of diabetic hand complications such as TF.
An Approach to Collecting School District Level COVID-19 Mask Mandate Information in the United States form the Web using Tools Powered by Artificial Intelligence.
Authors: Asrar Sadaf , Arnautovic Imer , Loew Dan 
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to collect online information about COVID-19 mask mandates in United States (U.S.) school districts using artificial intelligence to verify and contribute to official statistics collected by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and linking to data reported by U.S. states.
To collect the data, the authors developed a customized web scraping tool using the Python package BeautifulSoup to automate Google searches of mask mandates in school districts in the U.S. These automated searches retrieved a pre-determined number of top search results in a tabular format. Next, the authors developed Natural Language Processing (NLP) code that read the search results and classified which school districts had implemented a mask mandate. This classification was achieved by developing and training a supervised machine learning algorithm using the search results data that were manually labelled by the authors.
As a pilot study, the authors were able to successfully develop the automated Google search tool to query and retrieve school district level mask mandate information for the state of Ohio. The algorithm trained using this data classified which school districts had implemented a mask mandate with an accuracy of 87 percent. The data predicted by the algorithm was used to verify the same data collected by ED through monthly surveys of public schools, and will inform masking policy data for states that had low response rates to the ED survey. These data will also be linked to data on the number of COVID-19 cases in schools reported by state governments to assess the success of masking policies in reducing COVID-19 case counts.
The results of the study demonstrate that large scale data collection and validation activities can be conducted with high accuracy at a low cost and can be repeated more frequently than surveys can without incurring any additional burden on potential respondents.
Educational and health outcomes of schoolchildren in local authority care in Scotland: a retrospective record linkage study.
Authors: Fleming Michael 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesLooked-after-children are defined as children who are in the care of their local authority. Previous studies have reported that looked-after-children have poorer mental and physical health, increased behavioural problems, and increased self-harm and mortality compared to peers. They also experience poorer educational outcomes yet population wide research into the latter is lacking, particularly in the UK. Education and health share a bidirectional relationship therefore it is important to dually investigate both outcomes. Our study aimed to compare educational and health outcomes for looked-after-children with peers, adjusting for sociodemographic, maternity and comorbidity confounders.
ApproachLinkage of nine Scotland-wide databases, covering dispensed prescriptions, hospital admissions, maternity records, death certificates, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences/exclusions, unemployment, and looked-after-children provided retrospective data on 715,111 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2012.
ResultsCompared to peers, 13,898 (1.9%) looked-after-children were more likely to be absent and excluded from school, have special educational need and neurodevelopmental multimorbidity, achieve the lowest level of academic attainment, and be unemployed after leaving school. They were more likely to require treatment for epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression, be hospitalised overall, for injury and self-harm, and die prematurely. Compared to children looked after at home, children looked after away from home had less absenteeism, less exclusion, less unemployment, and better attainment. Therefore, amongst those in care, being cared for away from home appeared to be a protective factor resulting in better educational outcomes.
ConclusionsLooked-after-children had poorer health and educational outcomes than peers independent of increased neurodevelopmental conditions and special educational need. Further work is required to understand whether poorer outcomes relate to reasons for entering care, including maltreatment and adverse childhood events, neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities, or characteristics of the care system.
A Field Analysis of Standardizing Place-Based Indicators.
Authors: Youngs Isabel , Scariano Joseph 
Published: August 2022

There is a lack of evidence that place-based indicators effectively measure predictors and outcomes at appropriate geographies and temporal scales. For example, shifts in collection method or definitions can result in changes to components of measurement that may or may not be concomitant with changes in the populations being measured. The Massive Data Institute is currently conducting a landscape analysis of place-based indicators and is in the process of reaching out to hundreds of experts in order to develop a framework for creating and evaluating indicators for various use cases. Standardizing the methods and components of place-based indicators can unravel relationships between measurement and differential outcomes for groups. By disentangling these relationships, the field can begin to establish best practices for equitable indicators and determine gaps or biases in measurement across groups. These standards can be replicated across various indicators, ensuring continuity of measurement across space and time.
Preliminary results reveal that one major issue with the field of place-based indicators is the definition of place that many indices and indicators use. Changes and discontinuities between census geographies decade to decade can contribute to measurement shifts or gaps in measurement for certain urban typologies, such as outlying metropolitan counties or rural communities. Additionally, these boundaries are often arbitrary and unassociated with local-level knowledge of community geography. While utilizing census boundaries can allow for data linkage across federally-created data sets, additional methods for augmenting spatial data to conduct more granular place-based analyses can assist researchers in conducting more accurate analyses for many use cases.
This presentation will dive into this issue, address some alternative methodologies and standards, and further summarize our preliminary findings and present a framework for feedback.
Linking fathers and children in administrative data for public health research: A systematic scoping review.
Authors: Lut Irina , Harron Katie , Hardelid Pia , O'Brien Margaret , Woodman Jenny 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe evidence-base for inter-related paternal and child health trajectories is not supported by linked, routinely collected administrative data in England. We conducted a scoping review to identify methods used globally for linking fathers and children in administrative data for public health research and map these methods onto dimensions of fatherhood.
ApproachWe searched PubMed, Scopus and Google/Google Scholar for articles published 2000-2020 from OECD countries that link fathers’ and children’s records in administrative data. Search terms included for example: “father” and “administrative data” or “record linkage”. The exposures of interest were any demographic, health, or other characteristics of fathers during their offspring's childhood or prior to birth captured within administrative data. We included studies where paternal information came from fathers' linked records and if outcomes were related to child health and development (e.g. educational attainment, behavioural outcomes, hospital admissions) measured before 18 years of age.
ResultsWe identified 77 studies that quantified the association between paternal exposures and child health and development outcomes, using linked administrative data on fathers and their children. Four methods have been used globally to link fathers and children across vital statistics, health, social care, education, and criminal justice records. These methods are based on personal identity numbers (PINs), address or household identifiers, information from birth registrations, or health claims. We mapped what we can learn from these different linkages to dimensions of fatherhood identified through a conceptual framework. For example, for the linkage method based on address/household identifiers, co-residency may be used as a proxy for all dimensions of paternal involvement. However, substantial assumptions are needed when using linkage methods as proxies for paternal involvement.
ConclusionIn many settings, changes in practice (such as recording fathers’ National Health Service numbers on hospital birth notifications in England) are required to facilitate linkage of father-child health data at the population level. This would help advance fatherhood research and enable targeted service offers to new fathers.
Epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Scotland; impact of Scottish strategy and COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Halbesma Nynke , Kent Andy , Clegg Gareth 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesLow Scottish survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resulted the launch of the Scottish out-of-hospital cardiac arrest strategy in 2015. Data-linkage including SAS data and other datasets has enabled monitoring the impact of the strategy and COVID-19 on bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (bCPR) and 30 days survival rates.
ApproachAll incident OHCA cases between 2011 and 2020 cases where resuscitation has been attempted were identified in the SAS data. These OHCA cases have been linked with a broad range of other administrative datasets including unscheduled care datamart (UCD), hospitalisations (SMR01) and deaths data. The Community Health Index (CHI), a unique identifier used across all health records in Scotland enabled this data linkage through direct and probabilistic linkage (CHI retrieved and used for further linkage). Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of both the implementation of the strategy and the COVID-19 pandemic.
ResultsOver 27,000 non-traumatic OHCAs with resuscitation attempted by the SAS, between 2011 and 2020 were identified. Successful data-linkage improved over time reaching >85% at the end of data collection. Confounder adjusted logistic regression showed higher adjusted odds of bCPR (OR=2.7) and 30days survival rates (7.3% versus 10.2% or increase from 44.5 per million population to 58.5 per million population) comparing 2014-15 and 2018-19 data. Initial analyses show that during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-February 2021) bCPR percentages remained stable however 30days survival rates dropped to 6.9%.
ConclusionThe launch of the Scottish OHCA strategy and subsequent initiatives to improve bCPR rates has led to an increase in bCPR and 30 days survival rates. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on survival. Analyses are underway to gain insight in detailed explanations for these findings.