bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the effect of winglet on the aerodynamic performance of sinusoidal and simple leading-edge wings
Authors: Naderinezhad Mahdi , Djavareshkian M.H. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of two types of winglets, multi-tip and raked, on the performance of sinusoidal and simple leading-edge wings and compares it by a numerical method.

Design/methodology/approach
The wing configuration in this study is rectangular and uses NACA0020 section, and all simulations are performed by a numerical method based on finite volume and base pressure algorithm in Reynolds 2 × [10]^5. In the mentioned numerical method, the flow is considered turbulent, and the k-ω-SST model is used. To calculate the stresses on the wing surface, the mesh is extended to below the viscous layer, and a second-order upstream accuracy is used to calculate the convection flux.

Findings
The use of raked and multi-tip winglets for the sinusoidal edge of the wing improved aerodynamic performance by 5.12 and 2.28%, respectively, and the greatest effect of these two winglets was on increasing the lifting force and reducing the inductive drag, respectively. Also, by examining the distribution of induced vortices around the configurations, it was found that the curvature of the sinusoidal wing tip at the angles of attack before stall reduced the strength of the induced vortices and, the use of winglet during and after stall, caused increased aerodynamic performance of the sinusoidal wing.

Practical implications
The whale is an international species of aquatic animal found in most of the world’s oceans. It has large fin aspect ratios that have a series of bulges at the edge of the attack, which improves the aerodynamic performance near and after stall. Today, one of the fields of research is the use of this idea in the wings of micro air vehicle.

Originality/value
Winglet reduces induced drag in simple wings. So far, the effect of winglets on wings with sinusoidal attack edges has not been investigated.
The practical challenges faced by young entrepreneurs: an empirical analysis
Authors: Khursheed Ambreen , Mustafa Faisal , Fatima Maham , Rao Marriam 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study proposes a new comprehensive model of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) that enhances the understanding of the crucial entrepreneurial personality traits. This study also examines how entrepreneurial family history, gender and discipline moderate the relationship between the key entrepreneurial personality traits and EIs of university students.Design/methodology/approachThe study introduces a new combination of important entrepreneurial personality traits, theoretically following the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The data are collected using an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire and analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM) over a sample of 297 university students from Pakistan.FindingsThe findings highlight that one of the notable contributions to assessing EI is the negative impact of foreseeable challenges (FCs), resulting in negative EIs among university students of our sample. The authors also found significant moderating roles of gender, discipline and entrepreneurial family history in strengthening the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and EIs.Originality/valueThe study contributes both to the existing empirical and theoretical literature by examining a key set of entrepreneurial personality traits leading to enhance EIs. The results may also assist academicians to discover new ways for developing entrepreneurial traits among university students.
Risk governance, ethics codes and bank performance: evidence from large banks worldwide
Authors: Kacem Oumeima , El Harbi Sana 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis paper has a triple objective: first, to investigate the effect of the adoption of ethics codes on bank performance, second, to analyse the role played by the risk committee (RC) effectiveness in improving bank performance and finally, to assess the indirect role that the implementation of ethics codes exerts on the latter relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe research questions are examined using an international sample of large banks worldwide from 2006 to 2017, applying the dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model for panel data.FindingsThe authors find that risk management committee size and independence have a positive and significant effect on bank performance. This highlights the importance of the risk governance function in enhancing bank performance. Most importantly results reveal that although larger RC tends to improve bank performance, this linkage is less strong when adopting ethical codes. They also find that the adoption of ethical codes by banks positively affects the relationship between the functioning of RC and performance.Originality/valueAlthough it is well known that risk management, business ethics and performance are interrelated, there is no research that has dealt with this question.
A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of noise trading
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Walia Nidhi , Singh Simarjeet , Gupta Swati 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This comprehensive study aims to take a punctilious approach intended to present qualitative and quantitative knowledge on the emerging concept of noise trading and identify the emerging themes associated with noise trading.

Design/methodology/approach
This study combines bibliometric and content analysis to review 350 publications from top-ranked journals published from 1986 to 2020.

Findings
The bibliometric and content analysis identified three major themes: the impact of noise traders on the functioning of the stock market, traits of noise traders and different proxies used to measure the impact of noise trading.

Research limitations/implications
This study undertakes research papers related to the field of finance, published in peer-reviewed journals and that too in the English language.

Practical implications
This study shall accommodate rational traders, portfolio consultants and other investors to gain deeper insights into the functioning of noise traders. This will further help them to formulate their trading/investment strategies accordingly.

Originality/value
The successful combination of the bibliometric and content analysis revealed major gaps in the literature and provided future research directions.
Development of trilayered multifunctional superhydrophobic cotton fabric using biogenic materials
Authors: Gayathri A. , Varalakshmi P. , Sethuraman M. G. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to develop multifunctional, namely, superhydrophobic, flame-retardant and antibacterial, coatings over cotton fabric, using casein as green-based flame-retardant and silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agent by solution immersion method.

Design/methodology/approach
The cotton fabric is first coated with casein to make it flame-retardant. AgNPs synthesized using Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract is coated over the casein layer. Finally, stearic acid is used to coat the cotton to make it superhydrophobic. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy analysis and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy are used to investigate the produced AgNPs. The as-prepared multifunctional cotton is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and attenuated total reflection-infrared studies. Flame test, limiting oxygen index test and thermogravimetric analyzer studies have also been performed to study the flame-retardant ability and thermal stability of treated fabric, respectively. The antibacterial effect of the coatings is evaluated by disc-diffusion technique. Water contact angle is determined to confirm the superhydrophobic nature of cotton fabric.

Findings
The outcomes of this study showed that the prepared multifunctional cotton fabric had maximum contact angle of greater than 150° with good flame retardancy, high thermal stability, greater washing durability and high antibacterial activity against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter indicus. Additionally, the as-prepared superhydrophobic cotton showed an excellent oil–water separation efficiency.

Research limitations/implications
The trilayered multifunctional cotton fabric has limiting washing durability up to 20 washing cycles. Treated functional fabric can be used as an antibacterial, therapeutic, water repellent and experimental protective clothing for medical, health care, home curtains and industrial and laboratory purposes.

Originality/value
The study brings out the robustness of this method in the development of multifunctional cotton fabrics.
Experiences of face mask use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Hanna Esmée , Martin Graham , Campbell Anne , Connolly Paris , Fearon Kriss , Markham Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of face masks and coverings has been a central component of efforts to mitigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and has been legally mandated in some countries. Most academic studies to date, however, have focussed primarily on its effectiveness in reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, largely neglecting the social dimensions of mask mandates. In this narrative interview‐based study, we consider experiences of face masks, with a particular focus on groups considered to be at a potential disadvantage from compulsory masking. Drawing on 40 telephone, video‐call and e‐mail interviews, we highlight the impact of inconsistent communication and the notion of mask wearing as an act of altruism on participants’ experiences. In particular, we show how intolerance towards individuals who did not wear masks could result in stigma and exclusion, regardless of the legitimacy of their reasons. We suggest that more is needed to mitigate the ‘dark side’ of discourses of collective effort and altruism at a time of societal stress and fracture, and to account for the needs and interests of groups for whom compulsory masking may result in further marginalisation.
The legitimation of school-based Bildung in the context of vocational education and training: The legacy of Eduard Spranger
Authors: Gonon Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The philosophical foundation of Bildung in the context of vocational education and training was significantly shaped by Eduard Spranger (1882–1963). However its legacy is not as present today since vocational schools in german-speaking countries today focus strongly on competences. This article sheds light on the emergence of this concept, discusses the impact up to the present and reconstructs the debates surrounding it.
Xiaoketongbi Formula vs pregabalin for painful diabetic neuropathy: A single‐center, randomized, single‐blind, double‐dummy, and parallel controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lu Qiyun , Chen Benjian , Liang Qingshun , Wu Liyan , Luo Lulu , Li Anxiang , Ouyang Wenwei , Wen Zehuai , Liu Yunwei , Lu Jiayan , Liu Yunyi , Fan Guanjie , Liu Zhenjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the efficacy and safety of the Xiaoketongbi Formula (XF) vs. pregabalin in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).MethodsPatients with PDN (n = 68) were included in a single‐center, randomized, single‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel controlled clinical trial. The primary outcome was the change in the Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (BPI‐DPN). Secondary outcomes evaluated included the reduction of BPI‐DPN >50%, changes in the numeric rating scale‐11 (NRS‐11) score for pain, Daily Sleep Interference Diary (DSID), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and adverse events.ResultsAfter 10 weeks of treatment, the BPI‐DPN score reduced from 42.44 ± 17.56 to 26.47 ± 22.22 and from 52.03 ± 14.30 to 37.85 ± 17.23 in the XF and pregabalin group (Ps < 0.001), respectively. The difference in the absolute change in BPI‐DPN score between both groups was −1.79 (95% CI: −9.09, 5.50; p = 0.625). In the XF and pregabalin groups, 44.1% (15/34) and 20.6% (7/34) of patients reported a BPI‐DPN reduction >50% (p = 0.038), respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in NRS‐11 and DSID (Ps > 0.05). A significantly greater number of patients in the XF group felt “significantly improved” or “improved” than in the pregabalin group (35.3% (12/34) vs. 11.8% (4/34), p = 0.045). The absolute change in motor nerve conduction velocity of the right median nerve was significantly different between both groups (XF group 0.7 ± 2.3 vs. pregabalin group −2.2 ± 4.1, p = 0.004). No serious adverse events were reported in either group.ConclusionsXF is equivalent to pregabalin in reducing pain symptoms and improves the quality of life in patients with PDN. In addition, XF has the potential to improve nerve function by increasing NCV.
A fast, precise, in‐vivo method for micron‐level 3D models of corals using dental scanners
Authors: Quigley Kate M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Several sampling and measurement strategies have been developed to assess biological forms in three dimensions, including corals. However, the effectiveness (in speed and precision) of current three‐dimensional (3D) methods in scanning and model construction are challenging at small scales (μm–mm).

In this paper, a practical 3D scanning and model construction tool using an intra‐oral dental scanner was assessed to measure the surface area and volume of coral juveniles across multiple species. Intra‐oral scanners using confocal imaging are fast, precise to the μm scale and safe to use with live tissue, thereby eliminating the need to harm or kill the animals. The trial was conducted at the National Sea Simulator at the Australian Institute of Marine Science.

High‐quality 3D scans of individual coral juveniles were successfully generated and integrated automatically into high‐resolution (μm) mesh from point clouds. The attained average scanning efficiency was <2 min/individual, without a significant difference in speed given coral complexity or between live colonies or dead coral skeletons.

Overall, this fast and precise system could become a promising tool for marine environmental surveys and restoration initiatives. This tool also removes the need to sacrifice animals for measurement analysis, thereby increasing conservation and animal welfare.
The echo of the world: The castaway, the Garabandal apparitions, and the crisis of presence
Authors: Martínez‐Hernáez Ángel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the early 1990s, while I was conducting an ethnographic study in a psychosocial rehabilitation center in Barcelona for people suffering from psychosis, a patient and informant gave me four letters that he had supposedly sent to various recipients. Only recently did I discover that these letters, which warned of terrible catastrophes, were related to the Marian apparitions of Garabandal in the 1960s in Spain, and that their recipients had all been involved in this amazing event. This discovery led me to attempt an ethnographic reparation, and to reconsider the letters as a way of inhabiting the world. With this objective and drawing on Ernesto de Martino's concept of “crisis of presence,” I propose to understand the informant's experience as an extreme example of the porosity of presence. I conclude that the letters can be understood as the affected person's struggle for being in a human history. [crisis of presence, Garabandal apparitions, reflexivity, schizophrenia]
Dynorphin promotes stress‐induced depressive behaviors by inhibiting ventral pallidal neurons in rats
Authors: Ji Miao‐Jin , Gao Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Jiao , Cai Ji‐Heng , Li Ke‐Xue , Wang Jie , Zhang Hongxing , Zhou Cheng‐Hua , Cao Jun‐Li , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimEndogenous dynorphin signaling via kappa opioid receptors (KORs) plays a key role in producing the depressive and aversive consequences of stress. We investigated the behavioral effects of the dynorphin/KOR system in the ventral pallidum (VP) and studied the underlying mechanisms.MethodsTo investigate the effects of dynorphin on the VP, we conducted behavioral experiments after microinjection of drugs or shRNA and brain‐slice electrophysiological recordings. Histological tracing and molecular biological experiments were used to identify the distribution of KORs and the possible sources of dynorphin projections to the VP.ResultsAn elevated dynorphin concentration and increased KOR activity were observed in the VP after acute stress. Infusion of dynorphin‐A into the VP produced depressive‐like phenotypes including anhedonia and despair and anxiety behaviors, but did not alter locomotor behavior. Mechanistically, dynorphin had an inhibitory effect on VP neurons—reducing their firing rate and inhibiting excitatory transmission—through direct activation of KORs and modulation of downstream G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and high‐voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Tracing revealed direct innervation of VP neurons by dynorphin‐positive projections; potential sources of these dynorphinergic projections include the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Blockade of dynorphin/KOR signaling in the VP by drugs or viral knock‐down of KORs significantly reduced despair behavior in rats.ConclusionsEndogenous dynorphinergic modulation of the VP plays a critical role in mediating depressive reactions to stress.
Antibody and T‐cell responses by ultra‐deep T‐cell receptor immunosequencing after COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Chung Alfred , Banbury Barbara , Vignali Marissa , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Asoori Sireesha , Johnson Rachel , Kurtz Theodore , Arora Shagun , Wong Sandy W. , Shah Nina , Martin Thomas G. , Wolf Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe investigated antibody and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐specific T‐cell mediated responses via ultra‐deep immunosequencing of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD). We identified 364 patients with PCD who underwent spike antibody testing using commercially available spike‐receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G antibodies ≥2 weeks after completion of the initial two doses of mRNA vaccines or one dose of JNJ‐78436735. A total of 56 patients underwent TCR immunosequencing after vaccination. Overall, 86% tested within 6 months of vaccination had detectable spike antibodies. Increasing age, use of anti‐CD38 or anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen therapy, and receipt of BNT162b2 (vs. mRNA‐1273) were associated with lower antibody titres. We observed an increased proportion of TCRs associated with surface glycoprotein regions of the COVID‐19 genome after vaccination, consistent with spike‐specific T‐cell responses. The median spike‐specific T‐cell breadth was 3.11 × 10−5, comparable to those in healthy populations after vaccination. Although spike‐specific T‐cell breadth correlated with antibody titres, patients without antibody responses also demonstrated spike‐specific T‐cell responses. Patients receiving mRNA‐1273 had higher median spike‐specific T‐cell breadth than those receiving BNT162b2 (p = 0.01). Although patients with PCD are often immunocompromised due to underlying disease and treatments, COVID‐19 vaccination can still elicit humoral and T‐cell responses and remain an important intervention in this patient population.
Incident heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiovascular outcomes with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use in patients with diabetes: Insights from a global federated electronic medical record database
Authors: Fawzy Ameenathul Mazaya , Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Underhill Paula , Fauchier Laurent , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the risk of incident heart failure and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsAll patients with diabetes who were registered between January 2018 and December 2019 were identified from a federated electronic medical record database (TriNetX) and followed up for 2 years. A 1:1 propensity‐score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the SGLT2 inhibitor and non‐SGLT2 inhibitor cohorts. The primary outcome was incident heart failure. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality, cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), incident atrial fibrillation (AF), ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), composite of arterial and venous thrombotic events, and composite of incident VT/VF and cardiac arrest.ResultsA total of 131 189 and 2 692 985 patients were treated with and without SGLT2 inhibitors, respectively. After PSM, 131 188 patients remained in each group. The risk of incident heart failure was significantly lower in the SGLT2 inhibitor cohort compared to the non‐SGLT2 inhibitor cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68‐0.73). SGLT2 inhibitor use was also associated with a significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.58‐0.64), cardiac arrest (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63‐0.78), incident AF (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76‐0.84), ischaemic stroke/TIA (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88‐0.93), composite of arterial and venous thrombotic events (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88‐0.92), and composite of incident VT/VF and cardiac arrest (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71‐0.81). There were no significant differences for VT/VF (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88‐1.00).ConclusionUse of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of incident heart failure and adverse cardiovascular outcomes but not ventricular arrhythmias.
Predictors of heart failure and all‐cause mortality in asymptomatic patients with moderate and severe aortic regurgitation
Authors: Lavine Steven J , Raby Kirsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundClass I indications for aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) include AR attributable symptoms or left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50%. As noninvasive estimates of elevated LV filling pressures (LVFP's) have been noted to predict heart failure (HF) readmission and all‐cause mortality (ACM) in HF patients, we hypothesize that elevated LVFP's may also be independent predictors of HF and ACM in chronic AR.MethodsWe developed a single center patient database of moderate or greater AR diagnoses between 2003 and 2008 and followed each patient through January 2013. We included patients with >30 days follow‐up with interpretable Doppler‐echocardiograms. We recorded demographic variables, EuroScore II, incident HF and ACM, and Doppler‐echo variables of LV size, systolic and diastolic function.ResultsPatients with severe AR (105 patients) and moderate AR (201 patients) had similar EuroScore II values and similar incident HF and ACM. For the 180 patients who developed HF, effective arterial elastance (aHR = 1.70 (1.01–2.83), p = .041), LV end‐diastolic dimension (aHR = 1.83, (1.11–3.03), p = .0176), E/e’ (aHR = 3.04, (1.83–5.05), p < .0001), eccentric hypertrophy (EH) (aHR = 2.39, (1.62–5.12), p = .0004), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity (aHR = 5.75, (3.70–10.36), p < .0001) were independent predictors. For the 118 patients with ACM, EH (aHR = 1.73, (1.02–3.28), p = .0414), systolic blood pressure (aHR = .58, (.33–.95), p = .0301), left atrial volume index (aHR = 1.82, (1.06–3.06), p = .0293), E/e’ (aHR = 1.83, (1.07–3.08), p = .0280), and TR velocity (aHR = 4.14, (2.22–6.49), p < .0001) were independent predictors.ConclusionsElevated TR velocity and EH were strong markers of HF and ACM in patients with asymptomatic severe AR and in moderate AR.