bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting breast cancer risk in a racially diverse, community‐based sample of potentially high‐risk women
Authors: Meadows Rachel J. , Figueroa Wilson , Shane‐Carson Kate P. , Padamsee Tasleem J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying women with high risk of breast cancer is necessary to study high‐risk experiences and deliver risk‐management care. Risk prediction models estimate individuals' lifetime risk but have rarely been applied in community‐based settings among women not yet receiving specialized care. Therefore, we aimed: (1) to apply three breast cancer risk prediction models (i.e., Gail, Claus, and IBIS) to a racially diverse, community‐based sample of women, and (2) to assess risk prediction estimates using survey data.MethodsAn online survey was administered to women who were determined by a screening instrument to have potentially high risk for breast cancer. Risk prediction models were applied using their self‐reported family and medical history information. Inclusion in the high‐risk subsample required ≥20% lifetime risk per ≥1 model. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the proportions of women identified as high risk by each model.ResultsN = 1053 women were initially eligible and completed the survey. All women, except one, self‐reported the information necessary to run at least one model; 90% had sufficient information for >1 model. The high‐risk subsample included 717 women, of which 75% were identified by one model only; 96% were identified by IBIS, 3% by Claus, <1% by Gail. In the high‐risk subsample, 20% were identified by two models and 3% by all three models.ConclusionsAssessing breast cancer risk using self‐reported data in a community‐based sample was feasible. Different models identify substantially different groups of women who may be at high risk for breast cancer; use of multiple models may be beneficial for research and clinical care.
Age stratified sex‐related differences in incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Osman Mohammed , Syed Moinuddin , Kheiri Babikir , Bianco Christopher , Kalra Ankur , Cigarroa Joaquin E. , Mamas Mamas A. , Dawn Abbott Jinnette , Grines Cindy L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Balla Sudarshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of data on age‐stratified sex differences in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock (CS). We sought to study these differences from a contemporary database.MethodsPatients admitted with CS (2004–2018) were identified from the United States National Inpatient Sample. We compared CS (acute myocardial infarction‐related cardiogenic shock [AMI‐CS] and non‐acute myocardial infarction‐related cardiogenic shock [Non‐AMI‐CS]) incidence, management, and outcomes in males and females, stratified into four age groups (20–44, 45–64, 65–84, and ≥85 years of age). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used for adjustment.ResultsA total of 1,506,281 weighted hospitalizations for CS were included (AMI‐CS, 39%; Non‐AMI‐CS, 61%). Across all age groups, females had a lower incidence of CS compared with males. After PSM and among the AMI‐CS cohort, higher mortality among females compared with males was observed in the age groups 45–64 (28.5% vs. 26.3%) and 65–84 years (39.3% vs. 37.9%) (p < 0.01, for all). Among the Non‐AMI‐CS cohort, higher mortality among females compared with males was observed in the age groups 20–44 (33.5% vs. 30.5%), 45–64 (35.1% vs. 31.9%), and 65–84 years (41.7% vs. 40.3%) (p < 0.01, for all). Similar age‐dependent differences in the management of CS were also observed between females and males.ConclusionsFemales have a lower incidence of CS regardless of age. Significant disparities in the management and outcomes of CS were observed based on sex. However, these disparities varied by age and etiology of CS (AMI‐CS vs. Non‐AMI‐CS) with pronounced disparity among females in the age range of 45–84 years.
Patient with clinical celiac disease mimicking triple‐negative essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Ali Elrazi A. , Mushtaq Kamran , Abdelmahmuod Elabbass , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlatelets are acute‐phase reactants, which can be elevated due to a secondary cause or less commonly because of a primary mechanism. Primary disorders include hematological conditions such as myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Most ET patients have a mutation in the genes regulating thrombopoiesis, JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes. But 10%–15% of ET patients are triple‐negative, where patients have no detectable mutation. We report a young patient with no significant past medical history evaluated for persistent thrombocytosis. She was initially diagnosed as triple‐negative ET based on a bone marrow biopsy. She had positive antibodies for celiac disease, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a small bowel biopsy, which is confirmatory for diagnosing celiac disease in adults. We recommend screening triple‐negative ET patients for celiac disease before going to more expensive tests.
BCG‐Induced cold abscess as a complication of inadvertent vaccine injection: A case series
Authors: Sedighi Parinaz , Sadrosadat Seyedeh Taravat , Movahedi Mahsa , Sedighi Iraj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a four‐month‐old girl with a right thigh swelling, an eight‐month‐old girl with a left thigh swelling, and a five‐month‐old boy with a left thigh swelling with the final diagnosis of BCG‐induced cold abscess as a result of erroneous injection of BCG vaccine into the infants’ thigh muscle.
Revealing the Influence of Diverse Secondary Metal Cations on Redox‐Active Palladium Complexes
Authors: Golwankar Riddhi R. , Kumar Amit , Day Victor W. , Blakemore James D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncorporation of redox‐inactive metals into redox‐active complexes and catalysts attracts attention for engendering new reactivity modes, but this strategy has not been extensively investigated beyond the first‐row of the transition metals. Here, the isolation and characterization of the first series of heterobimetallic complexes of palladium with mono‐, di‐, and tri‐valent redox‐inactive metal ions are reported. A Reinhoudt‐type heteroditopic ligand with a salen‐derived [N2,O2] binding site for Pd and a crown‐ether‐derived [O6] site has been used to prepare isolable adducts of the Lewis acidic redox‐inactive metal ions (Mn+). Comprehensive data from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveal distinctive trends in the structural properties of the heterobimetallic species, including an uncommon dependence of the Pd⋅⋅⋅M distance on Lewis acidity. The reorganization energy associated with reduction of the heterobimetallic species is strongly modulated by Lewis acidity, with the slowest heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics associated with the strongest incorporated Lewis acids. This hitherto unexplored reorganization energy penalty for electron transfer contrasts with prior thermodynamic studies, revealing that kinetic parameters should be considered in studies of reactivity involving heterobimetallic species.
Renaissance of Topotactic Ion‐Exchange for Functional Solids with Close Packed Structures
Authors: Gabilondo Eric , O'Donnell Shaun , Newell Ryan , Broughton Rachel , Mateus Marcelo , Jones Jacob L. , Maggard Paul A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, many new, complex, functional oxides have been discovered with the surprising use of topotactic ion‐exchange reactions on close‐packed structures, such as found for wurtzite, rutile, perovskite, and other structure types. Despite a lack of apparent cation‐diffusion pathways in these structure types, synthetic low‐temperature transformations are possible with the interdiffusion and exchange of functional cations possessing ns2 stereoactive lone pairs (e. g., Sn(II)) or unpaired ndx electrons (e. g., Co(II)), targeting new and favorable modulations of their electronic, magnetic, or catalytic properties. This enables a synergistic blending of new functionality to an underlying three‐dimensional connectivity, i. e., [‐M−O‐M‐O‐]n, that is maintained during the transformation. In many cases, this tactic represents the only known pathway to prepare thermodynamically unstable solids that otherwise would commonly decompose by phase segregation, such as that recently applied to the discovery of many new small bandgap semiconductors.
Late‐Stage Modification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Overcomes Bacterial Resistance Mediated by APH(3’) Kinases
Authors: Bastian Andreas A. , Bastian Maria , Jäger Manuel , Loznik Mark , Warszawik Eliza M. , Yang Xintong , Tahiri Nabil , Fodran Peter , Witte Martin D. , Thoma Anne , Köhler Jens , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing a threat to patients infected by multidrug‐resistant pathogens. In particular, the clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, broad‐spectrum antibacterials of last resort, is limited due to rising bacterial resistance. One of the major resistance mechanisms in Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria is phosphorylation of these amino sugars at the 3’‐position by O‐phosphotransferases [APH(3’)s]. Structural alteration of these antibiotics at the 3’‐position would be an obvious strategy to tackle this resistance mechanism. However, the access to such derivatives requires cumbersome multi‐step synthesis, which is not appealing for pharma industry in this low‐return‐on‐investment market. To overcome this obstacle and combat bacterial resistance mediated by APH(3’)s, we introduce a novel regioselective modification of aminoglycosides in the 3’‐position via palladium‐catalyzed oxidation. To underline the effectiveness of our method for structural modification of aminoglycosides, we have developed two novel antibiotic candidates overcoming APH(3’)s‐mediated resistance employing only four synthetic steps.
Cost‐effectiveness of Choosing Wisely guidelines for axillary observation in women older than age 70 years with hormone receptor–positive, clinically node‐negative, operable breast tumors
Authors: Hrebinko Katherine A. , Bryce Cindy L. , Downs‐Canner Stephanie , Diego Emilia J. , Myers Sara P. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Society for Surgical Oncology's Choosing Wisely guidelines recommend against sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in favor of observation in this population. Recent analyses reveal that this has not been widely adopted. The purpose of this cost‐effectiveness analysis is to compare the costs and benefits associated with observation or SLNB in women >70 years old with hormone receptor–positive, clinically node‐negative, operable breast cancer.MethodsA decision tree with Markov modeling was created to compare treatment strategies using long‐term follow‐up data from clinical trials in this population. Costs were estimated from published literature and publicly available databases. Breast cancer–specific health‐state utilities were derived from the literature and expert opinion. One‐way, 2‐way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. A structural sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of functional status and anxiety from nonevaluation of the axilla on cost‐effectiveness. Costs and benefits, measured in life‐years (LYs) and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), were tabulated across 10, 15, and 20 years and compared using incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsSLNB is not cost‐effective from the payer or societal perspectives with ICERs of $138,374/LY and $131,900/LY, respectively. When QALYs were considered, SLNB provided fewer QALYs (SLNB, 10.33 QALYs; observation, 10.53 QALYs) at a higher cost (SLNB, $15,845; observation, $4020). Structural sensitivity analysis revealed that SLNB was cost‐effective in certain patients with significant anxiety related to axillary observation (ICER, $39,417/QALY).ConclusionsRoutine SLNB in this population is not cost‐effective. The cost‐effectiveness of SLNB, however, is dependent on individual patient factors, including functional status as well as patient preference.
A deep learning model for Ottoman OCR
Authors: Dölek İshak , Kurt Atakan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Ottoman OCR is an open problem because the OCR models for Arabic do not perform well on Ottoman. The models specifically trained with Ottoman documents have not produced satisfactory results either. We present a deep learning model and an OCR tool using that model for the OCR of printed Ottoman documents in the naksh font. We propose an end‐to‐end trainable CRNN architecture consisting of CNN, RNN (LSTM), and CTC layers for the Ottoman OCR problem. An experimental comparison of this model, called Osmanlica.com, with the Tesseract Arabic, the Tesseract Persian, Abby Finereader, Miletos, and Google Docs OCR tools or models was performed using a test data set of 21 pages of original documents. With 88.86% raw text, 96.12% normalized text, and 97.37% joined text character recognition accuracy, the Osmanlica.com Hybrid model outperforms the others with a marked difference. Our model outperforms the next best model by a clear margin of 4% which is a significant improvement considering the difficulty of the Ottoman OCR problem, and the huge size of the Ottoman archives to be processed. The hybrid model also achieves 58% word recognition accuracy on normalized text which is the only rate above 50%.
Exploring Metastable Phases During Lithiation of Organic Battery Electrode Materials
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo P. , Alhanash Mirna , Marchiori Cleber F. N. , Brandell Daniel , Araujo C. Moyses 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, the Li‐ion insertion mechanism in organic electrode materials is investigated through the lens of atomic‐scale models based on first‐principles theory. Starting with a structural analysis, the interplay of density functional theory with evolutionary and potential‐mapping algorithms is used to resolve the crystal structure of the different (de)lithiated phases. These methods elucidate different lithiation reaction pathways and help to explore the formation of metastable phases and predict one‐ or multi‐electron reactions, which are still poorly understood for organic intercalation electrodes. The cathode material dilithium 2,5‐oxyterephthalate (operating at 2.6 V vs. Li/Li+) is investigated in depth as a case study, owing to its rich redox chemistry. When compared with recent experimental results, it is demonstrated that metastable phases with peculiar ring‐ring molecular interactions are more likely to be controlling the redox reactions thermodynamics and consequently the battery voltage.
Selective Biocatalytic Defunctionalization of Raw Materials
Authors: Wohlgemuth Roland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiobased raw materials, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, or lipids contain valuable functional groups with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. An abundance of many functional groups of the same type, such as primary or secondary hydroxy groups in carbohydrates, however, limits the synthetic usefulness if similar reactivities cannot be differentiated. Therefore, selective defunctionalization of highly functionalized biobased starting materials to differentially functionalized compounds can provide a sustainable access to chiral synthons, even in case of products with fewer functional groups. Selective defunctionalization reactions, without affecting other functional groups of the same type, are of fundamental interest for biocatalytic reactions. Controlled biocatalytic defunctionalizations of biobased raw materials are attractive for obtaining valuable platform chemicals and building blocks. The biocatalytic removal of functional groups, an important feature of natural metabolic pathways, can also be utilized in a systemic strategy for sustainable metabolite synthesis.
Fire, grazers, and browsers interact with grass competition to determine tree establishment in an African savanna
Authors: Donaldson Jason E. , Holdo Ricardo , Sarakikya Jeremia , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn savanna ecosystems, fire and herbivory alter the competitive relationship between trees and grasses. Mechanistically, grazing herbivores favor trees by removing grass, which reduces tree–grass competition and limits fire. Conversely, browsing herbivores consume trees and limit their recovery from fire. Herbivore feeding decisions are in turn shaped by risk–resource trade‐offs that potentially determine the spatial patterns of herbivory. Identifying the dominant mechanistic pathways by which fire and herbivores control tree cover remains challenging, but is essential for understanding savanna dynamics. We used an experiment in the Serengeti ecosystem and a simple simulation driven by experimental results to address two main aims: (1) determine the importance of direct and indirect effects of grass, fire, and herbivory on seedling establishment and (2) establish whether predators determine the spatial pattern of successful seedling establishment via effects on mesoherbivore distribution. We transplanted tree seedlings into plots with a factorial combination of grass and herbivores (present/absent) across a lion‐kill‐risk gradient in the Serengeti, burning half of the plots near the end of the experiment. Ungrazed grass limited tree seedling survival directly via competition, indirectly via fire, and by slowing seedling growth, which drove higher seedling mortality during fires. These effects restricted seedling establishment to below 18% and, in conjunction with browsing, resulted in seedling establishment dropping below 5%. In the absence of browsing and fire, grazing drove a 7.5‐fold increase in seedling establishment. Lion predation risk had no observable impact on herbivore effects on seedling establishment. The severe negative effects of grass on seedling mortality suggests that regional patterns of tree cover and fire may overestimate the role of fire in limiting tree cover, with regular fires representing a proxy for the competitive effects of grass.
The Low Temperature Synthesis of Very Small and Non‐Crystalline Iron‐Based Nanoparticles: Application in Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Galeandro‐Diamant Thomas , Dardun Vincent , Tahar Sougrati Moulay , Stievano Lorenzo , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Veyre Laurent , Meille Valérie , Thieuleux Chloé 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of very small non‐crystalline and non‐metallic iron‐based nanoparticles in solution from easily accessible commercial products in mild conditions. These colloidal suspensions were further used to generate well‐defined solids containing metallic iron or iron oxide NPs. While classical magnetic and crystalline Fe nanoparticles are inactive in alkene hydrosilylation, such original NPs were active in 1‐octene hydrosilylation with 1,1,1,2,3,3,3‐heptamethyltrisiloxane (MD'M) showing that the non‐crystallinity and the organometallic character of the starting Fe NPs are an asset to generate a specific catalytic activity.
The way of Qu‐making significantly affected the volatile flavor compounds in Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) during different brewing stages
Authors: Peng Qi , Zheng Huajun , Meng Kai , Zhu Yimeng , Zhu Wenxia , Zhu Hongyi , Shen Chi , Fu Jianwei , Elsheery Nabil l. , Xie Guangfa , Han Jiongping , Wu Peng , Fan Yuyan , Girma DulaBealu , Sun Jianqiu , Hu Baowei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) brewed from different raw materials were obviously different, but there were few studies on the volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at different brewing stages. In this paper, headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, combined with principal component analysis and sensory evaluation, was used to determine the volatile flavor compounds in Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand and wheat Qu made by mechanical. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents and types of volatile flavor substances in Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at fermentation stages, and the prefermentation and postfermentation Huangjiu samples could be well distinguished from each other. Compared with the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by mechanical, the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand has stronger aroma and better taste.
Rainfall shocks, child mortality, and water infrastructure
Authors: Ponnusamy Sundar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractI study the effect of rainfall shocks on child mortality at a sub‐national level for a global set of developing countries. I establish that negative (positive) shocks to rainfall lead to an increase (drop) in child deaths overall. Low‐income countries (LICs) and the group of countries reliant on agriculture are affected the most due to negative rainfall shocks. In LICs, the impact of negative rainfall shocks is mitigated by around 60% in districts located downstream to dams, an effect predominant among less affluent districts; in addition, the effect of rainfall fluctuations is persistent, lasting for up to three years following the shock. Results remain robust to the inclusion of relevant controls, to the consideration of relevant issues such as selective fertility and migration, and various other robustness tests.
Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: Adoption and outcomes in a community setting
Authors: Nassif Samih J. , Sasani Ali R. , Faller Garrey T. , Harb Jennifer L. , Dhingra Jagdish K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMilan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced to standardize reporting of salivary gland cytopathology.MethodsA retrospective review of ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions was performed between January 2018 and May 2021 at a community otolaryngology practice. Diagnostic accuracy and rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy were calculated.ResultsA total of 203 FNAs (fine needle aspiration) were performed in 184 patients. MSRSGC was utilized in 87/203 cytopathology reports, with a diagnostic accuracy of 84%. Descriptive reporting was used in 115 FNAs, with a diagnostic accuracy of 89% (p = 0.68). Sialoadenectomy rate was 41% for MSRSGC compared to 36% in descriptive cytopathology (p = 0.48).ConclusionsMSRSGC is as accurate as descriptive cytopathology and the rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy between both groups is similar in our community. The MSRSGC brings uniformity and standardization to the FNA reporting process.
MHD heat transfer flow over a moving wedge with convective boundary conditions with the influence of viscous dissipation and internal heat generation/absorption
Authors: Amar N. , Kishan N. , Shankar Goud B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, the problem of the study is the effect of the magnetic field and viscous dissipation on heat transfer flow through a moving wedge in the existence of the internal heat generation/absorption and also suction/injection. The governing equations are changed to some coupled nonlinear differential equations with aid of similarity variables. The numerical calculations of the equations are solved by the MATLAB package solver bvp5c. The changes of the pertinent constraints on the momentum and temperature have been discussed through graphs and numerical values of skin friction and heat transfer factor are listed in the tabular pattern. Although maintaining a constant value for the convection parameter, the Nusselt number is increased for and decreased for . The temperature rises in conjunction with an increase in and variables.