bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ward Melanie , Goldman Myla D. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an overview of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors affecting the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and reviews the pathophysiologic characteristics of both relapsing and progressive MS.

RECENT FINDINGS
The prevalence of MS has increased in recent decades, and costs of care for patients with MS have risen dramatically. Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals may be at risk for more severe MS-related disability. Multiple genetic MS risk factors have been identified. Factors such as low vitamin D levels and a history of Epstein-Barr virus, smoking, and obesity, especially during childhood, also influence MS risk. Traditionally thought to be a T-cell–mediated disease, recent research has highlighted the additional roles of B cells and microglia in both relapsing and progressive MS.

SUMMARY
Complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the risk for MS as well as the disease course. People of color have historically been underrepresented in both MS clinical trials and literature, but current research is attempting to better clarify unique considerations in these groups. MS pathology consists of the focal inflammatory lesions that have been well characterized in relapsing MS, as well as a more widespread neurodegenerative component that is posited to drive progressive disease. Recent advances in characterization of both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects of MS pathophysiology have yielded potential targets for future therapeutic options.
Approach to Symptom Management in Multiple Sclerosis With a Focus on Wellness
Authors: Spain Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes an approach to symptom management in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing healthy lifestyles and evidence-based treatments.

RECENT FINDINGS
Growing evidence supports healthy nutrition, exercise, and emotional well-being (wellness) as foundational for MS symptom management. A stepped approach starts with healthy lifestyle practices and adds nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and procedural-based therapies balancing levels of evidence, risks, and potential benefits. The growing availability of cannabis and widespread use of dietary supplements in self-management of MS symptoms raise both therapeutic promises and challenges.

SUMMARY
Wellness approaches for MS symptom management foster self-reliance and should be reinforced early and often. Recognition of symptom clusters and medical comorbidities helps limit polypharmacy.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cross Anne , Riley Claire 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Given the expansion of options for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis, this review outlines the framework for developing a treatment strategy, with consideration of when to switch or discontinue therapies, and a comprehensive elaboration of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety considerations for each of the therapeutic classes.

RECENT FINDINGS
The armamentarium of immunotherapies has grown rapidly, to encompass 19 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunotherapies available in 2021, which are addressed in the review. The coronavirus pandemic that began in 2020 underscored existing concerns regarding vaccine efficacy in those treated with immune-suppressing immunotherapies, which are also addressed here.

SUMMARY
By choosing a treatment strategy before exploring the individual medications, patients and providers can focus their efforts on a subset of the therapeutic options. Although the mechanisms of action, routes of administration, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the described agents and classes differ, all are effective in reducing relapse frequency in multiple sclerosis (MS), with most also showing a reduction in the accumulation of neurologic disability. These powerful effects are improving the lives of people with MS. Pharmacovigilance is critical for the safe use of these immune-modulating and -suppressing agents, and vaccine efficacy may be reduced by those with immune-suppressing effects.
Pharmacy practitioners’ attitudes and practice towards herbal products in Jordan: Exploring their knowledge about herbal products potential interactions with cardiovascular medications
Authors: Abudalo Rawan , Abudalo Razan , Alqudah Abdelrahim , Abuqamar Ayman , Abdelaziz Amr , Alshawabkeh Maram , Taha Luma 
Published: August 2022

Background:Herbal medicine use is widespread among patients, as community pharmacies may provide such products. Therefore, pharmacy practitioners should be aware of potential herbal products’ adverse effects and herb-drug interactions, particularly with medications for comorbid diseases, such as cardiovascular drugs, in which pharmacy practitioners need to have good knowledge to provide patients with relevant advice to get optimal and safe therapeutic outcomes. Accordingly, the study is designed to assess the knowledge and awareness of pharmacy practitioners regarding herbal product dispensing and cardiovascular drug interaction in Jordan and view their role in patients’ counselling to set up safe and effective drug use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan using an online formatted questionnaire distributed to pharmacy practitioners working in community pharmacies. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed for the responses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26.Results:Out of 508 participants, 41.7% had medium knowledge of herbal products pertaining mainly to university education (68.1%); 55.1% of participants dispensed herbal products without prescriptions for obesity and weight reduction (72.8%) and gastrointestinal problems (70.9%); this is because respondents agreed that herbal remedies are safe (28.5%) and effective (38.4%). Whilst the knowledge level of respondents about herbal medicine interaction with cardiovascular medication was medium, with a mean of 1.94, as this interaction may result in potentially serious consequences, 40.7% of respondents strongly agreed to gain more knowledge about the side effects of herbal products and medicine interactions through educational courses.Conclusions:The pharmacy practitioners had medium knowledge of herbal products; however, more attention should be paid to herb-drug interactions in the pharmacy educational curriculum. Additionally, pharmacy practitioners need to refresh their knowledge by attending periodic educational courses and by using reliable resources for information about herbal products in order to provide effective and competent pharmaceutical care.
Managerial Duties and Managerial Biases
Authors: Malmendier Ulrike , Pezone Vincenzo , Zheng Hui 
Published: August 2022

Much of the evidence on managerial biases in corporate finance focuses on the CEO and, in particular, CEO overconfidence. This singular focus can lead to misattribution as it ignores the roles of other managers who are responsible for a given corporate outcome. We evaluate the influence of the CFO and other C-suite executives as compared with the CEO. Mirroring the widely used Longholder CEO measure of CEO overconfidence, we construct Longholder CFO and Longholder Other measures. For financing decisions, we find that CEO overconfidence becomes an insignificant predictor of most decisions when included jointly with the CFO proxy, whereas CFO overconfidence has strong predictive power. The reverse holds for nonfinancing decisions: CEO beliefs predict the risk and return of investment projects and, thus, their cost of financing as well as acquisitions. Other C-suite managers’ overconfidence is not significant in either of these two realms. CEO overconfidence does remain significant even for financing decisions in the subsample of firms with “powerful” (entrenched) CEOs. We also show that overconfident CEOs tend to hire overconfident CFOs, which generates a multiplier effect and explains the misattribution to the CEO in analyses that do not account for the roles of other managers. Our results imply that analyses of managerial biases need to identify the dominant decision makers and account for their respective influence. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4467 .
Does Terrorism Affect Acquisitions?
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Petmezas Dimitris , Karampatsas Nikolaos 
Published: August 2022

Using terrorist attacks as an exogenous shock to uncertainty, we provide evidence that firms located near terrorism-stricken areas are less likely takeover targets for two years after the attack and receive lower acquisition premiums. The latter finding is reflected in lower target firm abnormal returns and synergy gains. Additionally, in terrorism-stricken areas, target firms are associated with a lower share of synergies, withdrawn deals rise, and acquirers are more likely to get involved in acquisitions of target firms located in different metropolitan statistical areas than their own or acquire faraway target firms. We attribute our results to the real options theory, which predicts that high uncertainty increases the value of the option to delay investments. Additionally, we show that the impact on target firm human capital and acquirer CEO uncertainty and fear are potential sources of terrorism-induced uncertainty with the former source prevailing over the latter. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4506 .
Asthma reviews: an essential part of good care
Authors: Henry Heather 
Published: August 2022

Asthma reviews are essential in asthma management. Heather Henry provides a reminder of the essential topics to cover when conducting an asthma review Asthma reviews are an essential part of long-term conditions management in general practice. An assessment of asthma control will help practice nurses to prioritise frequency and effort, but caution must be taken to not overlook those with poor control who do not seek help and/or do not adhere to treatment. Asthma reviews are an opportunity to assess, review and collaborate on clinical and self-management. Empathic communication and shared decision-making are key to relationship building.
Acute coronary syndrome versus acute myocarditis in young adults–value of speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Paulina , Supel Karolina , Przybylak Katarzyna , Kacprzak Michal , Zielinska Marzenna 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Comparing myocarditis with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-like presentation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses an important clinical challenge. The purpose of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the clinical, laboratory and especially echocardiographic characteristics including speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) of patients with ACS-like myocarditis and AMI.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing 69 symptomatic patients (≤ 45 years old), hospitalized at the Department of Interventional Cardiology (Medical University of Lodz, Poland) between April 2014 and June 2021 with an initial diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Results
37 patients with the cardiac magnetic resonance–confirmed acute myocarditis and 32 patients diagnosed with AMI based on the clinical presentation, electrocardiogram and the presence of a culprit lesion on the coronary angiography were analysed including echocardiography parameters. On STE analysis an average global longitudinal (GLS), radial and circumferential strain including three—layers observation were significantly lower (absolute value) in patients with AMI versus acute myocarditis (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in Endo/Epi ratio (p = 0.144) between the groups. An average GLS < (-17.5) represented the optimal cut-off value for the myocarditis diagnosis.

Conclusion
In patients with AMI a significant reduction of global and three-layers strains compared to patients with myocarditis was detected. Furthermore, our analysis also confirmed the discriminative pattern of myocardial injury between the groups.
Into the Never: Nine Inch Nails and the Creation of The Downward Spiral, Adam Steiner (2020)
Authors: Hagen Ross 
Published: August 2022

Review of: Into the Never: Nine Inch Nails and the Creation of The Downward Spiral, Adam Steiner (2020)
Guilford: Backbeat Books, 296 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-61713-731-0, p/bk, $24.95
Elaboração de cerveja artesanal do estilo caxiri beer com adição de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia)
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Neves , Souza Patrick Gomes de , Barreto Eberson da Costa Mena , Lima Jardel Silva de , Silva Viviana Balieiro da 
Published: August 2022

Em 2020, o Brasil apresentou crescimento de 14,4% no número de cervejarias com relação ao ano de 2021. Este segmento vem ganhando espaço com estudos científicos que buscam inovações de cervejas com aromas e sabores mais pronunciados. Baseado nisso o presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar e avaliar uma cerveja artesanal do estilo Caxiri Beer com adição de polpa de camu-camu. Os frutos de camu-camu foram selecionados, despolpados, branqueados e congelados até o momento do uso. Os frutos, a fécula de mandioca e o xarope de guaraná foram avaliados quando ao pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis, densidade e ratio. A cerveja foi preparada em um volume de 20L, em panela de alumínio, dotada de fundo falso e lavagem do bagaço. Ao final do processo as cervejas foram avaliadas quanto ao pH, densidade, cor, amargor, turvação, relação BU/GU, RBR, e submetida a análise de caracterização sensorial por Sommeliers de Cervejas. A polpa de camu-camu apresentou densidade original de 1,021 SG, umidade de 92,56% e pH de 2,77. A fécula de mandioca apresentou umidade com 5,4% e densidade de 1,035 SG. O xarope de guaraná apresentou umidade de 88,57% e densidade de 1,038 SG. O xarope de guaraná possui grande influência na cor do mosto e, como consequência, na cerveja. A cerveja apresentou OG 1,050 SG, amargor de 8,5 IBU, extrato aparente final de 2,25 ºP, teor alcoólico de 5,2 % v/v. A relação BU/GU com resultados próximos e baixos, mostra uma cerveja equilibrada e de baixa intensidade. O RBR abaixo de 0,5 evidencia uma cerveja de baixo amargor, fácil de ser consumida. A cerveja Caxiri beer com camu-camu apresentou cor cobre, com sabor frutado, levemente ácida, de aparência turva. Refrescante, pouco amarga e equilibrada. Todas as matérias-primas usada no presente estudo apresentaram excelente comportamento sobre a cerveja e que o estilo Caxiri Beer pode se tornar o primeiro estilo importantes características Amazônicas em sua formulação.
Mediação e Justiça Restaurativa: Linguagem Mediadora e o Princípio do Não Saber / Mediation and Restorative Justice: Mediating Language and the Principle of Not Knowing
Authors: Boin Carla 
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Esse artigo tem como objetivo traçar pontos em comum entre Mediação e Justiça Restaurativa e propor reflexões sobre a importância da linguagem e do que venho chamando de Princípio do Não Sabercomo sustentáculos de um novo paradigma relacional. Palavras Chave: Mediação; Justiça Restaurativa; linguagem mediadora; diálogo; princípio do não saber Abstract: This article aims to trace commonalities between Mediation and Restorative Justice and to propose reflections on the importance of language and what I have been calling the Principle of Not Knowing as pillars of a new relational paradigm.Keywords: Mediation. Restorative justice. Mediating language.
Olive oil protects against progression of heart failure by inhibiting remodeling of heart subsequent to myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Al‐Shudiefat Abd Al‐Rahman , Ludke Ana , Malik Akshi , Jassal Davinder S. , Bagchi Ashim K. , Singal Pawan K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examined the beneficial effects of olive oil against heart failure post‐myocardial infarction (PMI), induced by coronary artery ligation in rats. Animals were divided into sham and ligated groups and fed either regular chow, olive oil (10% wt/wt), or corn oil (10% wt/wt) and were followed up to 16 weeks. On the echocardiography at 3 days (PMI), in the ligated regular chow (LRC), ligated olive oil (LOO), and ligated corn oil (LCO) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decrease was 12.14%, 16.42%, and 17.53% from the baseline, respectively. However, only LOO group improved LVEF significantly at 16 weeks PMI and became comparable with all sham groups. Both scar formation and collagen deposition at 16 weeks PMI were less pronounced in the LOO group. Myocardial TNF‐α level at 4 weeks of PMI increased by 176%, 11%, and 181% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively. Plasma TNF‐α levels in LOO were significantly lower than LRC group after 4 weeks of PMI. Myocardial redox ratio (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione) decreased at 4 weeks PMI by 44.4%, 16.4%, and 36.9% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively, compared to the baseline. These changes in the redox ratio at 16 weeks PMI were further exacerbated in the LRC and LCO groups. Lipid hydroperoxides formation increased at 4 weeks PMI by 137.4%, 14.6%, and 97.1% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively. Since coronary artery ligation decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, increased myocardial TNF‐α and oxidative stress, and since olive oil was able to inhibit these effects, it is proposed that dietary olive oil modulates cardiac remodeling and heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction.
Reference intervals of 14 biochemical markers for children and adolescence in China: the PRINCE study
Authors: Peng Xiaoxia , Peng Yaguang , Zhang Chuanbao , Zhao Min , Yang Hongling , Cao Sancheng , Li Guixia , Jiang Yongmei , Guo Zhenxin , Chen Dapeng , Xu Jin , Chen Hongbing , Xiang Yun , Mu Runqing , Zeng Jie , Shen Ying , Wang Yan , Li Qiliang , Hu Lixin , Ren Na , Cai Yanying , Zhang Wei , Ma Jie , Yan Ruohua , Chen Wenxiang , Song Wenqi , Ni Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The Pediatric Reference Intervals in China (PRINCE) was initiated to establish the reference intervals (RIs) of Chinese children, as well as to make it possible to compare the variability of biochemical markers among countries internationally.

Methods
Healthy participants, aged up to 20 years, from 11 provinces across China, were enrolled in PRINCE and according to a standard screening procedure, that included a questionnaire survey, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Fasting venous blood specimens were collected. All serum specimens were analyzed with Cobas C702 in the center laboratory, i.e. clinical laboratory of Beijing Children’s Hospital, with certified qualification (ISO15189). The nonparametric method recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, was used to calculate the age- and sex-specified RIs.

Results
Among the 15,150 participants enrolled, 12,352 children (6,093 males and 6,259 females) were included to calculate RIs. The RIs for total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, chlorine, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptadase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine and urea were established by age- or sex-partitions. Most biochemical markers displayed larger variability and higher dispersion during the periods between 28 days and 1 year old, and included 4–6 age partitions commonly during 1 to <20 years old. In addition, differences of RIs between sexes usually occurs around the initiation of puberty at 12–13 years old.

Conclusions
The age- and sex-specified RIs of 14 biochemical markers in PRINCE study can provide a solid reference, which will be transferred into relevant RIs for other clinical laboratory’s platforms according to the CLSI guidelines.
Detection of DNA copy number alterations by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Huang Dan , Jin Weijiang , Wang Yourong , Shao Hengrong , Gong Lisha , Luo Zhenni , Yang Zhengquan , Luan Ju , Xie Deyao , Ding Chunming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Copy number alterations (CNAs) are frequently found in malignant tissues. Different approaches have been used for CNA detection. However, it is not easy to detect a large panel of CNA targets in heterogenous tumors.

Methods
We have developed a CNAs detection approach through quantitatively analyzed allelic imbalance by allelotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Furthermore, the copy number changes were quantified by real-competitive PCR (rcPCR) to distinguish loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and genomic amplification. The approach was used to validate the CNA regions detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) in early-stage lung carcinoma.

Results
CNAs were detected in heterogeneous DNA samples where tumor DNA is present at only 10% through the SNP based allelotyping. In addition, two different types of CNAs (loss of heterozygosity and chromosome amplification) were able to be distinguished quantitatively by rcPCR. Validation on a total of 41 SNPs from the selected CNA regions showed that copy number changes did occur, and the tissues from early-stage lung carcinoma were distinguished from normal.

Conclusions
CNA detection by MALDI-TOF MS can be used for validating potentially interesting genomic regions identified from next generation sequencing, and for detecting CNAs in tumor tissues consisting of a mixture of neoplastic and normal cells.
Motion event construal in L2 French and Italian: from acquisitional perspectives to pedagogical implications
Authors: Anastasio Simona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study explores motion event construal in a story-telling task produced by learners of L2 French and Italian (intermediate vs advanced), whose L1 is typologically close to (Italian or French) or distant (English) from the TL. English, characteristically classified as S-language, contrasts with Italian and French, both typically considered as V-languages. Nevertheless, Italian is more satellite-framed than French. We examine (a) the extent to which learners get closer to the target preferences in coding motion, (b) the role of cross-linguistic influence, (c) the implications of our typological and acquisitional results in the language class. The findings show that L2 intermediate productions are similar across L1s’ (no specific L1 effect in L2), whereas cross-linguistic influence is evident at the advanced level when SL-TL have analogous formal structures (verb-particle constructions). L1 Romance learners look for similarities in the L2 rather than for L2-specific alternatives, despite the partial proximity between French and Italian.