bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Pharmacological Neuroenhancement Among University Students Before and During the COVID-19-Pandemic: Results of Three Consecutive Cross-Sectional Survey Studies in Germany
Authors: Dietz Pavel , Werner Antonia M. , Reichel Jennifer L. , Schäfer Markus , Mülder Lina M. , Beutel Manfred , Simon Perikles , Letzel Stephan , Heller Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAccording to the literature, the conditions of studying and living as well as the psychological, social and health behavior-related variables, which were strongly related to pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) before the pandemic, significantly changed during the pandemic. For this reason, it is expected that the prevalence of PN among university students is higher during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence of PN among university students before and during the COVID-19-pandemic.MethodsThree online surveys assessing the 12-month prevalence of PN were conducted among university students at the University of Mainz, Germany. The first survey took place in summer term 2019 (before the pandemic), the second in summer term 2020 (during the first German lockdown), and the third in summer term 2021 (after the second German lockdown). Pearson's chi-square test was used to test whether the 12-month prevalence of PN differed significantly between the three surveys.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of PN was 10.4% in 2019, 11.3% in 2020, and 8.0% in 2021. Chi-square tests revealed no statistical difference in the prevalence of PN between 2019 and 2020. Overall, the use of PN was lower in 2021 compared to 2019 (p &lt; 0.0001) as well as in comparison to 2020 (p = 0.001). Only the use of cannabis slightly increased from 2019 to 2020 (7.1 vs. 8.3%) and decreased in 2021 (5.4%). At all three time points, cannabis was the most commonly used substance for the purpose of PN. Consequently, the results suggest that the prevalence of PN was highly intertwined with the prevalence of cannabis use for PN.DiscussionThe decrease in the prevalence of PN of around three percentage points in 2021 compared to the previous years was a surprising finding. It may be mainly due to the decrease in the prevalence of cannabis for the purpose of PN. However, the fairly high prevalence of PN of around 8% in 2021 is still an important finding that demonstrates that there is still an urgent need for prevention initiatives among university students to combat the use of PN.
The Impact of Hyperkalemia on Mortality and Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Matched Cohort Study in China
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , He Xiaoning , Wu Jing 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the impact of hyperkalemia on 1-year survival and all-cause healthcare resource utilization among patients with chronic kidney disease in China.MethodsAdult new-onset chronic kidney disease patients were identified between 2012 and 2016, among which the hyperkalemia and non-hyperkalemia cohorts were further selected and matched. Survival and all-cause healthcare resource utilization during a 12 month period were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank test, Cox proportional hazard model, and Kaplan-Meier sample average method.ResultsAmong 1,003 pairs of patients (mean age 67.2 ± 14.3 years), the 1-year all-cause mortality was 5.39-times higher in the hyperkalemia cohort than the non-hyperkalemia cohort (hazard ratio = 5.39, P &lt; 0.001). The mean costs and number of healthcare services among the hyperkalemia patients were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in each follow-up month. An annual increase cost of ¥38,479 was observed in the hyperkalemia cohort, largely due to the sharp increase in inpatient costs during the first month after hyperkalemia events (¥22,204 vs. 1,032, P &lt; 0.001). Medication costs were the most important cost component for both cohorts [¥26,786 (45%) vs. ¥12,378(60%)]. However, hyperkalemia patients spent more on non-medication treatment [¥13,410(23%) vs. ¥2,335(11%)] including nursing, monitoring, etc. Hyperkalemia patients had more annual inpatient admissions (1.9 vs. 0.7) and length of stays (28.6 vs. 8.7), while the number of outpatient visits (36.8 vs. 36.4) were similar.ConclusionsIn Chinese chronic kidney disease patients, hyperkalemia is associated with substantially increased clinical and economic burdens that are driven by the short period following the hyperkalemia events, which strengthens calls for sufficient supervision and management of serum potassium.
A Conceptual View of Cognitive Intervention in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Decline—A Systemic Review
Authors: Mendes Liliana , Oliveira Joana , Barbosa Fernando , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: March 2022

Background: Dementia is the one of the most common and prominent disease in the elderly person that results in the Cognitive interventions. In this study, we aim to conceptualize the cognitive intervention for older adults with and without cognitive dysfunction and to clarify the heterogeneity existing in this literature field by determining the main variables implicated.Methods: We conducted a study analysis using previous literature highlighting the significant data reporting empirical results from cognitive intervention for healthy older adults and other seniors with different types of dementia. Each paper was reviewed in terms of compensatory cognitive training, cognitive remediation, enrichment, cognitive activation, brain training, cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. The research analysis was performed following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria with the purpose of collecting relevant answers to our research questions.Results: We included a total of 168 studies in our review. Our findings indicated heterogeneity regarding methods, concepts, and procedures. Additionally, the values were integrated using different information existing in this field.Conclusion: In conclusion, we highlighted that this is the first review that clarify the discrepancy of various existing definitions, methods, and procedures, as well as the overlapping information in the cognitive interventions.
Nomograms for Predicting Specific Distant Metastatic Sites and Overall Survival of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients After Surgery: A Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Feng Yuqian , Zhang Yiting , Xiang Yuying , Guo Kaibo , Jin Huimin , Ruan Shanming , Guan Zhuoya 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) has become the most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for 11.7% of newly diagnosed cancer cases last year. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common pathological type of BC. However, there were few studies to predict distant metastatic sites and overall survival (OS) of IDC patients.MethodsPost-operative IDC patients from 2010 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were reviewed. Nomograms were developed to predict the specific distant metastatic sites and OS of IDC patients. The performance of nomograms was evaluated with the calibration curves, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate the survival times of IDC patients with distant metastases.ResultsA total of 171,967 post-operative IDC patients were enrolled in our study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to establish the nomograms of significant variables. The AUC of the nomograms for the prediction of liver, lung, bone, and brain metastases was 0.903, 0.877, 0.863, and 0.811, respectively. In addition, the AUC of the nomogram for the prediction of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS was 0.809, 0.813, 0.787, respectively. Calibration curves and DCA showed good consistency and clinical benefits, respectively.ConclusionsWe constructed new predictive models for liver, lung, brain, bone metastases and 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in IDC patients. These can help clinicians to individualize the treatment of IDC patients, so that patients can get the more appropriate treatment options.
Glycemic Control Regimens in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Lai Jing , Li Qihong , He Ying , Zou Shiyue , Bai Xiaodong , Rastogi Sanjay 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIncreased risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by hyperglycemia makes it necessary to follow perioperative glucose lowering strategies to reduce postoperative complications. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand the efficacy of intensive vs. conventional blood glucose lowering regimens on the incidence of SSIs and hypoglycemia from various randomized controlled studies (RCTs).Materials and MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and Central databases for RCTs that involved intensive (lower blood glucose target levels) vs. conventional (higher blood glucose target levels) strategies in patients undergoing various types of surgeries. The primary outcomes were SSIs or postoperative wound infections. Hypoglycemia and mortality outcomes were also studied. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR), and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 29 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis with the information from 14,126 patients. A reduction in overall incidence of SSIs was found (RR 0.63, 0.50–0.80, p = 0.0002, I2= 56%). Subgroup analyses showed that intensive insulin regimens decreased the risk of SSIs in patients with diabetes, in cardiac and abdominal surgical procedures, and during the intraoperative and postoperative phases of surgery. However, the risk of hypoglycemia and mortality was increased in the intensive group compared to the conventional group.ConclusionThe results of the meta-analysis provide support for the use of intensive insulin regimens during the perioperative phase for decreasing the incidence of SSIs in certain patient populations and surgical categories.
Telocytes and Their Structural Relationships With the Sperm Storage Tube and Surrounding Cell Types in the Utero-Vaginal Junction of the Chicken
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Wang Qi , Pawlicki Piotr , Wang Ziyu , Pawlicka Bernadetta , Meng Xiangfei , Feng Yongchao , Yang Ping 
Published: March 2022

Telocytes (TCs) are a new type of mesenchymal cells that have been discovered recently in many organs and tissues. However, studies of TCs in the avian reproductive system are still at the beginning. Chickens are one of the world's most popular domesticated animals, providing inexpensive but valuable proteins and nutrients from chickens and eggs to nourish the human bodies. Chickens have important scientific value; thus, understanding the reproductive system regulations seems to be important. The utero-vaginal junction is involved in the regulation of sperm storage. The sperm storage tube (SST) in the utero-vaginal junction stores sperm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of TCs in the utero-vaginal junction of the chicken, and their structural relationships with the sperm storage tube and surrounding cell types. We studied the morphology, ultrastructure, and immune characterization of TCs.MethodsThe utero-vaginal junction of 4-month-old healthy adult chickens (n = 10) were used for Masson's staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results showed that TCs were present in the utero-vaginal junction. TCs appear as CD34 immunopositive and C-kit immunopositive. They were identified especially via small-body and long-protrusion telopodes (Tps) containing Podomers (Pm) and Podoms (Pd). The Tps were bent, folded, and intertwined with each other, sometimes in the shape of a labyrinth. The Tps were embedded between collagen fiber bundles, smooth muscle bundles, and around blood vessels and releasing vesicles. TCs surround these glands, forming heteromorphic cell connections with surrounding lymphocytes and plasma cells, smooth muscle cells, blood vessels, collagen fibers, and fibroblast-formed homotypic or allotypic connections in a complex three-dimensional network structure. This study provides a morphological basis for the possible role of TCs in regulating the utero-vaginal junction physiological role and in intercellular communication.
Metabolomics in Prediction and Diagnostics of Gestational Complications
Authors: Ганчар Е.П. , Гутикова Л.В. 
Published: March 2022

Введение.Тенденции развития современной медицины связаны с достижениями активно разрабатываемого направления – 4П-медицины. Основная идея данного направления – предоставить все имеющиеся возможности фундаментальной науки конкретному пациенту. 4П-медицина базируется на научно-технологических и методологических достижениях, в том числе в области метаболомики. Метаболомические исследования проводятся и в акушерстве. Цель исследования. Провести анализ литературных данных о метаболомических исследованиях в акушерстве.Результаты. В литературе имеются данные об особенностях метаболомического профиля при спонтанных абортах, неразвивающейся беременности, преэклампсии, синдроме задержки роста плода.Заключение. Биологические предикторы в акушерстве необходимы для ранней диагностики заболеваний, стратификации пациентов, мониторинга проводимого лечения. Все это даст возможность разработать персонифицированный подход к пациенту и повысить эффективность лечения.
Relevance. The development trends of modern medicine are associated with the achievements of the actively developed area – 4P medicine. The main idea of this direction is to provide all the available possibilities of fundamental science to a specific patient. 4P medicine is based on scientific, technological and methodological achievements, including in the field of metabolomics. Metabolomic studies are also conducted in obstetrics.The purpose of the study. To analyze the literature data on metabolic studies in obstetrics. Results. The literature contains data on the characteristics of the metabolic profile in spontaneous abortions, undeveloped pregnancy, preeclampsia, and fetal growth retardation syndrome.Conclusion. Biological predictors in obstetrics are necessary for early diagnosis of diseases, stratification of patients, monitoring of treatment. All this will make it possible to develop a personalized approach to the patient and increase the effectiveness of treatment
The Effectiveness of Hormone-Stabilizing Therapy in Patients with Primary Glaucoma with Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Бездетко П.А. , Бабак Ю.А. , Савельева А.Ю. 
Published: March 2022

Изучены эффективность применения гормоностабилизирующей терапии у пациентов с первичной глаукомой с первичным гипотиреозом, особенности течения первичной открытоугольной глаукомы у пациентов с первичным субклиническим гипотиреозом. Под наблюдением находилось 170 пациентов (170 глаз) с ПОУГ I–III стадии, которые были разделены на 3 группы. Первую группу (группу контроля) составили 50 пациентов (50 глаз) с ПОУГ I–III стадии без эндокринной патологии. Вторую группу наблюдения составили 40 пациентов (40 глаз) с ПОУГ I–III стадии в сочетании с первичным субклиническим гипотиреозом. Третью группу наблюдения составили 40 пациентов (40 глаз) с ПОУГ I–III стадии в сочетании с первичным манифестным гипотиреозом. Четвертую группу наблюдения составили 40 пациентов (40 глаз) с ПОУГ I–III стадии в сочетании с первичным субклиническим гипотиреозом, у которых применялся новый, патогенетически ориентированный метод лечения, который заключался в комплексном применении гормоностабилизирующих препаратов (левотироксина) с общепринятой медикаментозной терапией ПОУГ. Комплексное применение гормоностабилизирующих препаратов у пациентов с ПОУГ с первичным гипотиреозом при сроке наблюдения 3 года позволяет увеличить количество пациентов с I стадией глаукомы по сравнению с пациентами с первичным субклиническим и манифестным гипотиреозом на 64% и уменьшить количество пациентов с III стадией глаукомы на 267% и 300%.
The effectiveness of hormone-stabilizing therapy in patients with primary glaucoma with primary hypothyroidism and features of the course of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients withprimary subclinical hypothyroidism was studied. Under observation were 170 patients (170 eyes) with POAG I–III stage, which were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 50 patients (50 eyes) with POAG I–III stage without endocrine pathology. The 2nd observation group consisted of 40 patients (40 eyes) with POAG I–III stage in combination with primary subclinical hypothyroidism. The 3rd observation group consisted of 40 patients (40 eyes) with POAG I–III stage in combination with primary manifest hypothyroidism. The 4th observation group consisted of 40 patients (40 eyes) with POAG I–III stage in combination with primary subclinical hypothyroidism in which a new, pathogenetically oriented treatment method was used, which consisted of the complex use of hormone-stabilizing drugs (levothyroxine) with the conventional drug therapy of POAG. The combined use of hormone-stabilizing drugs in patients with POAG with primary hypothyroidism with a follow-up period of 3 years allows increasing the number of patients with stage I glaucoma compared with patients with primary subclinical and manifest hypothyroidism by 64% and reducing the number of patients with stage III glaucoma by 267% and 300%.
The Method of Ultrasound Biofeedback in the Treatment of Persistent Forms of Functional Dysphonia
Authors: Криштопова М.А. , Петрова Л.Г. , Гирса В.Н. 
Published: March 2022

Цель исследования. Повысить эффективность комплексного лечения пациентов с функциональными дисфониями методом визуальной ультразвуковой биологической обратной связи.Материалы и методы. Проспективное обсервационное исследование проводилось пациентам с функциональной дисфонией/афонией (n=91). Основными видами лечения были комплексное медикаментозное лечение и фонопедия (G1, n=45) или комплексное медикаментозное лечение и фонопедия с методом ультразвуковой биологической обратной связи (G2, n=46).Результаты. Более быстрое и стойкое восстановление голоса наблюдалось в группе пациентов, получавших комплексное медикаментозное лечение и фонопедию с методом ультразвуковой биологической обратной связи, по сравнению с группой пациентов, получавших комплексное медикаментозное лечение и фонопедию без ультразвуковой биологической обратной связи (p<0,005).Заключение. Фонопедическое лечение с биологической обратной связью является эффективным методом лечения функциональной дисфонии.
The purpose of the study is to improve treatment of patients with functional dysphonia by using the method of ultrasound visual biofeedback.Materials and methods. Prospective observational study was performed for patients with functional dysphonia/aphonia (n=91). Medication therapy and oropharyngeal muscle exercisetherapy without ultrasound biofeedback (G1, n=45) or oropharyngeal muscle exercise therapy with ultrasound biofeedback (G2, n=46) were used.Results. The group of patients receiving medication therapy and oropharyngeal muscle exercise therapy with ultrasound biofeedback compared to the group of patients without ultrasound biological feedback had significantly higher functional results (p<0.005).Conclusion. Oropharyngeal muscle exercise therapy with ultrasound biofeedback is an effective treatment tool for functional dysphonia.
Modern Approaches to Mathematical Modeling in Laboratory-Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Чураков А.В. , Чураков К.А. 
Published: March 2022

Современные пилотные научные биоинженерные исследования в области медицины ориентированы на создание технологий, диагностикумов и оборудования, востребованных практикой здравоохранения. Подходы для решения этих важнейших задач сегодня некорректны без математического моделирования физико-химических процессов, лежащих в основе работы оборудования. Поэтому требуется иметь представление об основах и возможностях методов, лежащих в алгоритмах математического моделирования, применяемого в лабораторно-клинической диагностике. На примере математической модели диэлектрофореза рассмотрены подходы к моделированию лабораторно-диагностического устройства.Платформа COMSOL Multiphysics может быть как базисной, так и этапной при создании и вычислении модели ввиду совместимости с модулем расширения LiveLink™, позволяющим инсталлировать модель и ее элементы из других платформ, а также обращаться к любому узлу, проводить дополнительную пред- или постобработку и автоматизировать расчеты за счет пользовательских скриптов и циклов. Изучение предоставляемой моделью информации позволит исследователям и разработчикам с успехом решать фундаментальные задачи в области создания новых, перспективных к использованию инновационных технологий лабораторно-диагностического исследования, базирующихся на разработке описанного моделью оборудования.
Modern pilot scientific bioengineering research in the field of medicine is focused on the creation of technologies, diagnostics and equipment that are in demand in healthcare practice. Approaches to solve these important problems are currently incorrect without mathematical modeling of the physical and chemical processes underlying the operation of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to have an idea of the basics and possibilities of mathematical modeling applicable in laboratory and clinical diagnostics. On the example of a mathematical model of dielectrophoresis, approaches to modeling a laboratory diagnostic device will be considered. The COMSOL Multiphysics platform can be both basic and step-by-step when creating and calculating a model due to its compatibility with the LiveLink™ extension module, which allows you to install the model and its elements from other platforms, as well as access any node, perform additional pre - or post-processing, and automate calculations using custom scripts and loops. The study of this information will allow researchers and developers to accurately and fundamentally solve the tasks set when creating innovative technologies and devices for laboratory diagnostics. This will allow researchers and developers to solve their tasks accurately and fundamentally.
Five-step plasma-enhanced atomic layer etching of silicon nitride with a stable etched amount per cycle
Authors: Hirata Akiko , Fukasawa Masanaga , Tercero Jomar U. , Kugimiya Katsuhisa , Hagimoto Yoshiya , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Iwamoto Hayato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atomic layer etching is an advanced plasma etching technique that enables the atomic-precision control. In this study, the effects of surface conditions on the stability of the etched amount per cycle (EPC) in silicon nitride (SiN) plasma-enhanced atomic layer etching (PE-ALE) were examined. A single cycle of SiN PE-ALE consisted of two steps: hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) absorption step and argon-ion (Ar+) desorption step. After a few cycles, an etch-stop of SiN occurred due to the HFC deposition. An oxygen-plasma ashing step was introduced after desorption step, which made three-step SiN PE-ALE. The etch-stop was avoided but the EPC was low due to the surface oxidation of SiN. By combining this three-step SiN PE-ALE with subsequent two-step SiO2 PE-ALE, which consists of fluorocarbon adsorption step and Ar+ desorption step, SiN PE-ALE was achieved with a stable and large EPC. This five-step SiN PE-ALE allows the precise control of SiN etched depth.