bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonoanatomy and an ultrasound scanning protocol of the intramuscular innervation pattern of the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Lee Hyung-Jin , Lee Ji-Hyun , Yi Kyu-Ho , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionBotulinum neurotoxin injection is a valuable treatment method for patients with myofascial pain syndrome in the infraspinatus muscle. However, there is no botulinum neurotoxin injection guideline, and the most appropriate injection site based on topographical anatomic information for this injection to effectively treat myofascial pain syndrome in the infraspinatus muscle is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intramuscular nerve terminal of the infraspinatus muscle and to suggest the most efficient botulinum neurotoxin injection sites.MethodsThis study used 5 formalin-embalmed and 10 fresh frozen cadavers with a mean age of 78.9 years. Sihler’s staining was applied to evaluate the intramuscular nerve terminal of the infraspinatus muscle. The ultrasound scanning of the infraspinatus muscle was performed based on the surface landmarks and internal structures near the scapular region.ResultsThe intramuscular nerve terminal was mostly observed in the medial third area of the infraspinatus muscle. The deltoid tubercle, inferior angle, and acromion of the scapula are useful as surface landmarks to scan the infraspinatus muscle.DiscussionThe proposed injection sites based on the intramuscular nerve terminal and surface landmarks can be regarded as accurate locations to reach the cluster area of the intramuscular nerve terminal and each compartment of the infraspinatus muscle to manage the myofascial pain syndrome in the infraspinatus muscle.
Kol Nidrei in Nikolsburg, 1775: An Early Account of a Hasidic Sermon
Authors: Moseson Elly 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Descriptions of the delivery of Hasidic sermons are relatively rare, especially from the first decades of the development of the movement. This article presents the earliest extant written account of a Hasidic sermon, which was delivered by Samuel Shmelke Horowitz, the rabbi of the Moravian city of Nikolsburg (Mikulov), on the eve of Yom Kippur of the year 1775. It situates the document containing this hitherto overlooked account in its historical and ideological context and explores the light it sheds on the geographical limits of the Hasidic movement in the 18th century. Appended to the article is an edition of the Hebrew text of the document based on two textual witnesses along with an English translation.
Species diversity of isopods during a year-round survey at two vineyard sites in Northern Israel
Authors: Warburg Ittai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The species diversity of isopods was surveyed in two vineyards in Northern Israel in 1998. Pitfall traps were placed at each site monthly and year-round. This survey found six species of isopods, four of which were found in both vineyards: Armadillo sp. Aff. platypleon (Schmalfuss, 1986), Leptotrichus naupliensis (Verhoeff, 1901), Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) and Porcellionides sp. One isopod species: Armadillo sp., was found in one of the two vineyards, and another isopod species: Porcellio deganiensis Verhoeff, 1923 was detected in the other vineyard. L. naupliensis and Porcellionides sp. were both vineyards’ most common isopod species. Some ecological differences between the two vineyards reflected in isopod diversity are discussed.
National Analysis of Recent Trends in Organ Donation and Transplantation in the United States: Toward Optimizing Care Delivery and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Spardy Jeffrey , Concepcion Jennifer , Yeager Matthew , Andrade Ryan , Braun Hillary , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: November 2022

Introduction In 2021, over 100 000 people were awaiting solid organ transplantation, yet only 44 634 transplants were performed. The aim of this study is to evaluate trends in donor availability, waitlist additions, and transplants performed in the United States from 2001 to 2021. Methods This was a retrospective analysis to evaluate trends in donor availability, waitlist additions, and solid organ transplants for the 4 most common organs requiring transplants (kidney, liver, heart, and lung) between 2001 and 2021 according to OPTN data. Results Between 2001 and 2021, the overall number of transplants performed, donors available, and waitlist additions increased by 71%, 61%, and 54%, respectively. The number of kidney transplant waitlist additions significantly increased compared to other organs ( P < .001). For each kidney transplant performed, there was a 2.25 increase in waitlist additions throughout the study period ( P < .001). For each liver and heart transplant performed, there was a .92 and .80 increase in waitlist additions, respectively ( P < .001). Lung transplants increased the most by 138% and there was an increase in waitlist additions for every transplant by 1.0 ( P < .001). Conclusion There was an absolute increase in the annual number of transplants, donor recruitment, and patients added to the waitlist between 2001 and 2021. Kidney transplant waitlist additions are increasing at a rate outpacing the rates of donor recruitment and transplantation.
COVID associated pulmonary mucormycosis: Outcomes of surgical therapy
Authors: Pulle Mohan Venkatesh , Bishnoi Sukhram , Asaf Belal Bin , Puri Harsh Vardhan , Deshwal Vikas , Kumar Arvind 
Published: November 2022

Objectives This study aims at reporting the surgical outcomes of COVID associated pulmonary mucormycosis with special emphasis on surgical mortality. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in a dedicated thoracic surgical unit in Gurugram, India over 18 months. An analysis of demography, peri-operative variables were carried out. Various parameters were analysed to assess the factors affecting mortality. Results Total of 44 patients with diagnosis of CAPM were managed during the study period. All were started on anti-fungal therapy. However, 33 patients (75%) were operated whereas rest 11 (25%) were not considered suitable for surgery. In the surgical cohort ( n  =  33), there were 20 males (60.6%) and 13 females (39.4%), with a mean age of 54.8 years (range, 33–72 years). The mean duration of the symptoms was 1.1 weeks. Non-anatomical wedge resection of lobe(s) was performed in 5 patients (15.1%), lobectomy/bi-lobectomy was required in 26 patients (78.9%) and left pneumonectomy in 2 patients (6%). There were 5 peri-operative deaths (15.1%), all due to fungal sepsis. ECOG scale > 2 ( P  ≤  0.001), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score > 2 ( P  =  0.04) and pneumonectomy ( P  =  0.02) were the predictors of mortality. On comparison with NCPM, there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications ( P  =  0.50) and the post-operative mortality ( P  =  0.69). Conclusion Aggressive surgical resection with clear margins should be offered in CAPM, whenever feasible. Surgery for CAPM was not associated with higher post-operative complications including mortality compared to Non-COVID Pulmonary Mucormycosis.
Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review
Authors: Monoli Cecilia , Tuhtan Jeffrey A , Piccinini Luigi , Galli Manuela 
Published: November 2022

Objective To review methods for aquatic exercise monitoring using wearables. Data sources Database search of PubMed, IEEEXplore, Scopus and Web of Science based on keywords, considering articles from the year 2000. The last search was performed on 26 October 2022. Review methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, eligible articles on water exercises were selected and summarized. Further screening process concentrated on studies exploiting wearable devices, organized according to demographics, purpose, protocols, outcomes and methods. A custom critical appraisal questionnaire was applied. Results Out of the 1062 articles identified, 572 were considered eligible and subjected to preliminary synthesis. The final review focused on 27 articles featuring wearable devices applied to aquatic exercises. Four studies were disregarded as they applied wearable devices to determine daily physical activity or for sleep monitoring after training. Summary tables of 23 studies exploiting wearable devices for underwater motion analysis are provided, specifying the investigated parameters, major outcomes and study quality. This review identified four research gaps: (a) the absence of clinical protocols for underwater motion studies, (b) a deficit of whole-body studies, (c) the lack of longitudinal studies monitored via wearable devices and (d) the reliance of underwater studies on measurement and assessment methods developed for land-based investigations. Conclusions This review emphasizes the need for both technological and methodological improvements for underwater motion analysis studies using wearables. We advocate for longitudinal clinical investigations with wearables to substantiate water exercise as an addition or replacement for land-based physical activity.
Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists
Authors: Kato Shimpei , Amemiya Shiori , Takao Hidemasa , Yamashita Hiroshi , Sakamoto Naoya , Miki Soichiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Suzuki Fumio , Fujimoto Kotaro , Mizuki Masumi , Abe Osamu 
Published: November 2022

Background Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors causing neurological complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Purpose To evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the performance of observers in detecting BMs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT). Material and Methods Three less experienced and three experienced radiologists interpreted 30 NECT scans with 89 BMs in 25 cases to detect BMs with and without the assistance of CAD. The observers’ sensitivity, number of false positives (FPs), positive predictive value (PPV), and reading time with and without CAD were compared using paired t-tests. The sensitivity of CAD and the observers were compared using a one-sample t-test Results With CAD, less experienced radiologists’ sensitivity significantly increased from 27.7% ± 4.6% to 32.6% ± 4.8% ( P = 0.007), while the experienced radiologists’ sensitivity did not show a significant difference (from 33.3% ± 3.5% to 31.9% ± 3.7%; P = 0.54). There was no significant difference between conditions with CAD and without CAD for FPs (less experienced radiologists: 23.0 ± 10.4 and 25.0 ± 9.3; P = 0.32; experienced radiologists: 18.3 ± 7.4 and 17.3 ± 6.7; P = 0.76) and PPVs (less experienced radiologists: 57.9% ± 8.3% and 50.9% ± 7.0%; P = 0.14; experienced radiologists: 61.8% ± 12.7% and 64.0% ± 12.1%; P = 0.69). There were no significant differences in reading time with and without CAD (85.0 ± 45.6 s and 73.7 ± 36.7 s; P = 0.09). The sensitivity of CAD was 47.2% (with a PPV of 8.9%), which was significantly higher than that of any radiologist ( P < 0.001). Conclusion CAD improved BM detection sensitivity on NECT without increasing FPs or reading time among less experienced radiologists, but this was not the case among experienced radiologists.
Accuracy of FIB-4 and APRI scores compared to transient elastography for liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and HBV co-infection
Authors: Yang Rongrong , Gui Xien , Ke Hengning , Yu Xingxia , Yan Yajun , Xiong Yong 
Published: November 2022

Background Due to economic shortages and concern about occupational exposure to HIV, liver biopsy and transient elastography (TE) are rarely available in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection in China, where HIV/HBV co-infection is prevalent. Methods The accuracy of FIB-4 and APRI for predicting liver fibrosis was compared with TE results in a series of 460 HIV/HBV co-infected patients. Results FIB-4 and APRI scores were strongly correlated to liver stiffness measurement scores by TE, and the correlation index was 81.4–96.3. An FIB-4 index >1.5 had a positive predictive value of 95.2% to consider fibrosis with a sensitivity of 85.7%. An APRI index >0.5 had a positive predictive value of 98.2% to consider fibrosis with a sensitivity of 76.0%. A FIB-4 value <1.5 or APRI <0.5 were concordant with TE results to exclude fibrosis in 94.4% and 96.8%, respectively. A FIB-4 value >1.5 or APRI >0.5 were concordant with fibrosis diagnosed by TE in 77.6–89.4% and 70.7–80.9%, respectively. Conclusions In areas with limited resources, FIB-4 and APRI indexes were accurate, simple and inexpensive methods for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection.
PrEP use and stigma among a sample of older adults in Columbus, Ohio
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Dyar Christina , Feinstein Brian A , Ricks JaNelle 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Despite older adults (age ≥50 years) continuing to account for 1 in 6 new HIV diagnoses, the majority of research has focused on young adults. Assessing PrEP use and stigma among this understudied population is key to achieving the U.S.’s goals of Ending the HIV Epidemic, a federal initiative focusing on reducing new HIV infections by at least 90% by 2030. Methods Data for this analysis came from the Columbus Health Aging Project ( N = 794). This study was designed to assess several domains of health among adults aged 50 years and older in Columbus, Ohio. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and past 6-month PrEP use, PrEP stigma, and concurrent use of PrEP and other prevention methods, adjusting for known confounders. Results Overall, 93 (11.7%) participants reported past 6-month PrEP use. Transgender women (aOR = 6.90; 95% CI: 2.19, 21.72), cisgender gay men (aOR = 5.58; 95% CI: 2.49, 12.50), cisgender lesbians (aOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.80), and those living with family members or roommates (aOR = 6.59; 95% CI: 3.49, 12.45) were each more likely to report past 6-month PrEP use relative to cisgender women, heterosexuals, and those living with a spouse/partner, respectively. Relative to cisgender women, PrEP-related stigma was lower among transgender women (β = −5.05; 95% CI: −8.44, −1.66) and higher among cisgender men (β = 1.96; 95% CI: 0.46, 3.46). Conclusion Future research should aim to continue developing a firm understanding of PrEP use and stigma among older adults to reduce HIV risk among this population and to understand unique needs of sub-populations of older adults.
Cryptococcal antigenemia in people living with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Ahuja Jatin , Soneja Manish , Wig Naveet , Biswas Ashutosh , Xess Immaculata , Singh Gagandeep , Vibha Deepti , Nischal Neeraj 
Published: November 2022

Aim To assess the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) with CD4 ≤100/mm3 Design This observational study was performed on PLHA with laboratory-confirmed CD4 ≤100/mm3. All PLHA were recruited irrespective of their duration of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, or ART failure. Methods The prevalence of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) was assessed in 102 PLHA, with CD4 ≤100/mm3, using a latex agglutination test on serum samples. All the subjects were followed up for 3 months. Results Amongst 102 PLHA, 62 (60.8%) and 40 (39.2%) patients were ART-naïve and ART failures, respectively, with 2.9% ( n = 3) having clinical features of meningitis and 6.8% ( n = 7) patients being asymptomatic CrAg-positive. At the 3 month follow-up, total mortality was 10.8%, of which 33.3% and 8.8% were among CrAg-positive and negative patients ( p = 0.05). Mortality in asymptomatic and meningitis symptomatic CrAg-positive patients was 1.03% ( n = 1) and 2.06% ( n = 2), respectively. Of note, five patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion Cryptococcal antigenemia is common among patients with CD4 ≤100/mm3 who were either ART naïve or had treatment failure. Asymptomatic patients who underwent pre-emptive therapy demonstrated good clinical outcomes.
T cell responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Reder Anthony T , Stuve Olaf , Tankou Stephanie K , Leist Thomas P 
Published: November 2022

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder marked by accumulating immune-mediated damage to the central nervous system. The dysregulated immune system in MS combined with immune effects of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used in MS treatment could alter responses to infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most of the literature on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, in both the general population and patients with MS on DMTs, has focused on humoral immunity. However, immune response to COVID-19 involves multiple lines of defense, including T cells. Objective and Methods: We review innate and adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and expand on the role of T cells in mediating protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in responses to COVID-19 vaccination in MS. Results: Innate, humoral, and T cell immune responses combat COVID-19 and generate protective immunity. Assays detecting cytokine expression by T cells show an association between SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and milder/asymptomatic COVID-19 and protective immune memory. Conclusion: Studies of COVID-19 immunity in people with MS on DMTs should ideally include comprehensive assessment of innate, humoral, and T cell responses.
A systematic review of subcutaneous versus intramuscular or intravenous routes of opioid administration on pain outcomes in cancer and post-surgical clinical populations – challenging current assumptions in palliative care practice
Authors: Fairbairn Lorna , Schuberth Anna , Deacon Laura , Gilkes Hazel , Montgomery Victoria , Bennett Michael I , Mulvey Matthew R 
Published: November 2022

Objective The objective of this review is to investigate the use of the subcutaneous route of administration of analgesics, common practice within palliative medicine. Design Systematic review using consensus approach, direct comparison of subcutaneous route with intravenous and intramuscular routes. Results The limited available evidence demonstrates non-inferiority of the subcutaneous route in both cancer patients and those post-surgery. Pain management is comparable to other routes. Route-related side effects are rare and systemic side effects are comparable. Conclusion Pain management is a critical role of palliative medicine. The subcutaneous route of administration offers a viable option for the delivery of parenteral analgesia within all settings, including the community. This review supports current practice, demonstrating equivalence with more invasive routes of administration.
Incidental Durotomy Repair in Lumbar Spine Surgery: Institutional Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Albayar Ahmed , Spadola Michael , Blue Rachel , Saylany Anissa , Dagli Mert Marcel , Santangelo Gabrielle , Wathen Connor , Ghenbot Yohannes , Macaluso Dominick , Ali Zarina S. , Ozturk Ali K. , Welch William C. 
Published: November 2022

Study Design : Retrospective Chart Review. Objectives Incidental durotomies (IDs) are common spine surgery complications. In this study, we present a review on the most commonly utilized management strategies, report our institutional experience with case examples, and describe a stepwise management algorithm. Methods A retrospective review was performed of the electronic medical records of all patients who underwent a thoracolumbar or lumbar spine surgery between March 2017 and September 2019. Additionally, a literature review of the current management approaches to treat IDs and persistent postoperative CSF leaks following lumbar spine surgeries was performed. Results We looked at 1133 patients that underwent posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery. There was intraoperative evidence of ID in 116 cases. Based on our cohort and the current literature, we developed a progressive treatment algorithm for IDs that begins with a primary repair, which can be bolstered by dural sealants or a muscle patch. If this fails, the primary repair can be followed by a paraspinal muscle flap, as well as a lumbar drain. If the patient cannot be weaned from temporary CSF diversion, the final step in controlling postoperative leak is longterm CSF diversion via a lumboperitoneal shunt. In our experience, these shunts can be weaned once the patient has no further clinical or radiographic signs of CSF leak. Conclusions There is no standardized management approach of IDs and CSF leaks in the literature. This article intends to provide a progressive treatment algorithm and contribute to the development process of a treatment consensus.
Dark-coloured Mn-rich overgrowths in an elbaitic tourmaline crystal from the Rosina pegmatite, San Piero in Campo, Elba Island, Italy: witness of late-stage opening of the geochemical system
Authors: Altieri Alessandra , Pezzotta Federico , Skogby Henrik , Hålenius Ulf , Bosi Ferdinando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMulticoloured tourmalines from Elba Island, commonly display dark-coloured terminations due to incorporation of Fe, and also occasionally Mn. The mechanisms which led to the availability of these elements in the late-stage residual fluids are not yet completely understood. For this purpose, we investigated a representative tourmaline crystal found naturally in two fragments within a wide miarolitic cavity in the Rosina pegmatite (San Piero in Campo, Elba Island, Italy), and characterised by late-stage dark-coloured overgrowths. Microstructural and paragenetic observations, together with compositional and spectroscopic data (electron microprobe and optical absorption spectroscopy), provide evidence which shows that the formation of the dark-coloured Mn-rich overgrowths are the result of a pocket rupture. This event caused alteration of the cavity-coating spessartine garnet by highly-reactive late-stage cavity fluids by leaching processes, with the subsequent release of Mn to the residual fluids. We argue that the two fragments were originally a single crystal, which underwent natural breakage followed by the simultaneous growth of Mn-rich dark terminations at both breakage surfaces. This conclusion supports the evidence for a pocket rupture event, responsible for both the shattering of the tourmaline crystal and the compositional variation of the cavity-fluids related to the availability of Mn, which was incorporated by the tourmaline crystals. Additionally, a comparison of the dark overgrowths formed at the analogous and the antilogous poles, provides information on tourmaline crystallisation at the two different poles. The antilogous pole is characterised by a higher affinity for Ca, F and Ti, and a selective uptake of Mn2+, even in the presence of a considerable amount of Mn3+ in the system. This uneven uptake of Mn ions resulted in the yellow–orange colouration of the antilogous overgrowth (Mn2+ dependent) rather than the purple-reddish colour of the analogous overgrowths (Mn3+ dependent).