bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver fat is superior to visceral and pancreatic fat as a risk biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in overweight/obese subjects
Authors: Yang Minglan , Chen Jie , Yue Jiang , He Shenyun , Fu Jingjing , Qi Yicheng , Liu Wen , Xu Hua , Li Shengxian , Lu Qing , Ma Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the distribution of abdominal fat, particularly ectopic fat accumulation, in relation to glucose metabolism in overweight/obese patients.Materials and MethodsThis study included 257 overweight/obese subjects with body mass index ≥23 kg/m2. All the subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction was used to measure fat accumulation in the liver, pancreas and abdomen. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was defined as the presence of prediabetes or diabetes.ResultsLiver fat content (LFC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were higher in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). No significant differences were observed in the pancreas fat content and subcutaneous fat area between subjects with NGT and IGR. LFC was an independent risk factor of IGR (odds ratio = 1.824 per standard deviation unit, 95% CI 1.242‐2.679, p = .002). Compared with the lowest tertile of LFC, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of IGR in the highest tertile was 2.842 (95% CI 1.205‐6.704). However, no association was observed between the VAT per standard deviation increment and tertiles after adjusting for multiple factors. For discordant visceral and liver fat phenotypes, the high LFC‐low VAT and high LFC‐high VAT groups had a higher prevalence of IGR than the low LFC‐low VAT group. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of IGR between the low LFC‐low VAT and low LFC‐high VAT groups.ConclusionCompared with visceral and pancreatic fat content, LFC is a superior risk biomarker for IGR in overweight/obese subjects.
Semiautomatic interictal electric source localization based on long‐term electroencephalographic monitoring: A prospective study
Authors: Spinelli Laurent , Baroumand Amir G. , Vulliemoz Serge , Momjian Shahan , Strobbe Gregor , van Mierlo Pieter , Seeck Margitta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveElectric source imaging (ESI) of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) has shown significant yield in numerous studies; however, its implementation at most centers is labor‐ and cost‐intensive. Semiautomatic ESI analysis (SAEA) has been proposed as an alternative and has previously shown benefit. Computer‐assisted automatic spike cluster retrieval, averaging, and source localization are carried out for each cluster and are then reviewed by an expert neurophysiologist, to determine their relevance for the individual case. Here, we examine its yield in a prospective single center study.MethodBetween 2017 and 2022, 122 patients underwent SAEA. Inclusion criteria for the current study were unifocal epilepsy disorder, epilepsy surgery with curative purpose, and postoperative follow‐up of 2 years or more. All patients (N=40) had continuous video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring with 37 scalp electrodes, which underwent SAEA. Forty patients matched our inclusion criteria.ResultsTwenty patients required intracranial monitoring; 13 were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐negative. Mean duration of analyzed EEG was 4.3 days (±3.1 days), containing a mean of 12 749 detected IEDs (±22 324). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SAEA for localizing the epileptogenic focus of the entire group were 74.3%, 80%, and 75%, respectively, leading to an odds ratio (OR) of 11.5 to become seizure‐free if the source was included in the resection volume (p < .05). In patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, our results indicated an accuracy of 68% (OR=11.7). For MRI‐negative patients (n = 13) and patients requiring intracranial EEG (n = 20), we found a similarly high accuracy of 84.6% (OR=19) and 75% (OR = 15.9), respectively.SignificanceIn this prospective study of SAEA of long‐term video‐EEG, spanning several days, we found excellent localizing information and a high yield, even in difficult patient groups. This compares favorably to high‐density ESI, most likely due to marked improved signal‐to‐noise ratio of the averaged IEDs. We propose including ESI, or SAEA, in the workup of all patients who are referred for epilepsy surgery.
Old wine in a new bottle: Shaping the foundations of EU criminal law through the concept of legal interests (Rechtsgüter)
Authors: Ouwerkerk Jannemieke W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEver since the establishment of EU competence to legislate in criminal matters, legal scholarship has been devoting a fair amount of attention to the scope of these powers as well as to their proper exercise. The many scholarly contributions this has led to make a commendable and laudable body of knowledge with respect to the matter at hand. Yet, as will be argued, its capacities to shape the normative foundations of EU criminal law remain limited, with the main reason being that normative limits of EU‐level criminalisation have so far predominantly been articulated in terms of principles. For the reasons set out below, this article proposes to supplement the ongoing debate with another conceptual lens, i.e., the lens of legal interests (Rechtsgüter). The purpose of this article is to substantiate the point of view that the concept of legal interests offers essential opportunities to further shape the normative foundations of EU criminal law.
The role of veterans' PTSD symptoms in veteran couples' insomnia
Authors: Khalifian Chandra E. , Titone Madison , Wooldridge Jennalee S. , Knopp Kayla , Seibert Gregory , Monson Candice , Morland Leslie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInsomnia contributes to individual mental and physical health and relationship well‐being. Veterans' PTSD symptoms are associated with their own insomnia. However, research has not explored whether and how veterans' PTSD symptoms are associated with their partners' insomnia. The present study examined the association between veterans' PTSD symptom severity and veterans' and partners' insomnia. Veterans (n = 192) and their partners (n = 192; total N = 384) completed baseline assessments in a PTSD treatment study for veterans with PTSD and their partners. Path analysis was used to examine the relation between veterans' PTSD symptom severity, as measured by the PTSD symptom checklist‐5 (PCL‐5) and veterans' and partners' insomnia, as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Veterans' full‐scale PCL‐5 was positively related to veterans' and partners' insomnia. For veterans, intrusion and arousal symptoms were positively related to their own insomnia severity, while veterans' negative alterations in cognition and mood were associated with partners' insomnia severity. In exploratory analyses, partners' depressive symptoms fully mediated the relation between veterans' negative cognitions and mood and partners' insomnia. PTSD symptoms impact both veterans' and partners' insomnia. However, different PTSD symptom clusters were related to insomnia for each partner, and the link for partners was explained by their own depression symptoms. PTSD, insomnia, and integrated treatments should consider strategies for including partners in treatment to address these interconnected problems.
Differential expression and activities of cytochrome P450 3A in the rat brain microsomes and mitochondria
Authors: Alshammari Nouf , Chandrashekar Devaraj Venkatapura , Rashid Mamunur , Mehvar Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMidazolam (MDZ), a benzodiazepine derivative, is metabolized to 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxylated metabolites (1′‐OH‐MDZ and 4‐OH‐MDZ, respectively) by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). The purpose of this study was to investigate the CYP3A‐mediated hydroxylation of MDZ in the rat brain mitochondria (MT). Brain microsomes (MC) and MT fractions were prepared from rats (n = 8) using differential and density gradient centrifugations, and the purity of the fractions was evaluated using VDAC1 and calreticulin as markers of MT and MC, respectively. The formation rates of 1′‐OH‐MDZ and 4‐OH‐MDZ in the rat brain MC and MT samples were determined using an LC–MS/MS method after validation. Subsequently, Michaelis–Menten kinetics of 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxylation of MDZ were estimated. Western blot (WB) analysis was used to determine the protein expression of CYP3A in the rat brain MC and MT. The MC fractions had 5.93% ± 3.01% mitochondrial impurity, and the MT fractions had 19.3% ± 7.8% microsomal impurity (mean ± SD). The maximum velocity (Vmax) values of the formation of the hydroxylated metabolites in the brain MT were 2.4–9‐fold higher than those in MC. Further, the Vmax values of 4‐OH‐MDZ in both MC and MT fractions were substantially higher than those of 1′‐OH‐MDZ. The WB analysis showed that the intensity of the CYP3A immunoreactive band in MT was more than twofold higher than that in MC. It is concluded that compared with MC, rat brain MT contains substantial CYP3A, which may affect the pharmacology or toxicology of centrally acting xenobiotic and endogenous substrates of this enzyme.
Making food choices under no time constraint: An eye‐tracking investigation
Authors: Maheshwari Saurabh , Barman Jeshmeen Deb , Tuladhar Viplav , Bhagawati Mridusmita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo experiments examined how participants view food‐related information and visuals when making food choices. Participants were asked to choose between various food items while using an eye‐tracking device. For each food type, they were given four different options; participants selected one of the four given options using the provided information. They could change their decision, if desired, after seeing images of the options shown immediately after the information slide. Individuals viewed and compared the food option they selected more than other available options. The study shows that, under no time constraints, food decisions are more rational and are based on food‐related information.
Reading and affect: University Spanish learners' perceptions of a reading program
Authors: Dykstra Shelley , Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Claudia , Marcos Miguel Nausica , Alins Breda Diego 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the literature on second language reading agrees that exposing students to graded readers (GRs) is beneficial, little is known about how students perceive them. This study explores students' anxiety and overall experiences in a reading program (RP) using GRs in a large first‐year Spanish language program. Data are based on 312 students' pre and postquestionnaires during the first iteration of the RP (Study 1) and 299 students' questionnaires during the third iteration of the RP (Study 2). Study 1 compared students' experiences when reading individually versus in pairs, revealing an overall preference for the latter, as it increased peer‐to‐peer support. Study 2 compared classes where students read the same book with others where learners selected a book from a list. Many students who chose their book felt distressed as they wanted more support from their teachers. Study 2 also revealed that students' familiarity with the RP reduced their anxiety.
Implementation of a patient‐reported experience measure in a Dutch disability care organization: A process evaluation of cocreated tailored strategies
Authors: van Rooijen Marjolein , van Dijk‐de Vries Anneke , Lenzen Stephanie , Dalemans Ruth , Moser Albine , Beurskens Anna J. H. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn 24/7 disability care facilities, patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs) are important to help healthcare professionals understand what matters to care users and to improve the quality of care. However, the successful implementation of a PREM is complex. In a Dutch disability care organization, stakeholders cocreated tailored implementation strategies aimed at improving the use and integration of a qualitative PREM. This study gives insights into the uptake and experiences with these cocreated implementation strategies and the perceived impact of the set of strategies.MethodsWe performed a prospective process evaluation between February 2020 and February 2021. We collected data in three disability care facilities from 35 care users, 11 professionals, 3 facility managers and 4 organization representatives. Data collection included observations during kick‐offs and learning goal meetings and several attendance checklists. We collected 133 questionnaires (Time 0 and Time 1). We conducted 35 individual semistructured interviews and an online focus group interview. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using directed content analysis.ResultsThe exposure to and adoption of strategies was between 76% and 100%. Participants were positive about tailoring the strategies to each facility. Implementation was hindered by challenges in care users' communication and COVID‐19. The perceived impact referred to an improved understanding of the goal and added value of the PREM and better preparation and execution of the PREM. The impact of the set of strategies was mainly experienced on the micro level.ConclusionThe uptake of the cocreated implementation strategies was acceptable. The participants valued the tailored approach, which enabled them to focus on facility‐specific learning goals. Stakeholder engagement and co‐created strategies may have strengthened the adoption of and experiences with the implementation.Patient or Public ContributionIn this article, we present the process evaluation of implementation strategies for the integrated use of a PREM in disability care. A development group consisting of communication vulnerable care users, trainers and professionals developed the implementation strategies. The disability care organization was responsible for the planning and organization of the implementation process. During the process evaluation the end users, trainers, professionals and managers tailored the implementation strategies to their own settings and needs. Researchers observed this implementation process and interviewed the stakeholders about their experiences and the perceived impact.
How do applicants fake? A response process model of faking on multidimensional forced‐choice personality assessments
Authors: Fuechtenhans Miriam , Brown Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFaking on personality assessments remains an unsolved issue, raising major concerns regarding their validity and fairness. Although there is a large body of quantitative research investigating the response process of faking on personality assessments, for both rating scales (RS) and multidimensional forced choice (MFC), only a few studies have yet qualitatively investigated the faking cognitions when responding to MFC in a high‐stakes context (e.g., Sass et al., 2020). Yet, it could be argued that only when we have a process model that adequately describes the response decisions in high stakes, can we begin to extract valid and useful information from assessments. Thus, this qualitative study investigated the faking cognitions when responding to MFC personality assessment in a high‐stakes context. Through cognitive interviews with N = 32 participants, we explored and identified factors influencing the test‐takers' decisions regarding specific items and blocks, and factors influencing the willingness to engage in faking in general. Based on these findings, we propose a new response process model of faking forced‐choice items, the Activate‐Rank‐Edit‐Submit (A‐R‐E‐S) model. We also make four recommendations for practice of high‐stakes assessments using MFC.
Observational study of peripheral intravenous catheter outcomes in an internal medicine department
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Houdhoud Nihad , Isaacs Yehudit , Froom Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn elderly patients hospitalised in internal medicine departments, risk factors, preferable placement area and methods of securement of short peripheral venous catheters (SPVC) a unclear.AimTo determine the incidence and risk factors of adverse events using a transparent bordered dressing for securement in the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa in consecutive patients hospitalised in an internal medicine department.MethodsIn a prospective observational study of patients admitted to a regional hospital with a SPVC, the dependent variable was the need to replace the catheter because of an adverse event (phlebitis, accidental removal, infiltration/occlusion). The independent variables were age, gender, disorientation, placement area, intravenous antibiotic therapy and indwelling time. Risk factors were determined by Cox regression model analysis.ResultsThere were 709 catheters placed in 499 patients. Per catheter placed the mean age was 75 ± 17 years. Accidental removal, infiltration/obstruction and phlebitis occurred in 21.5, 16.2 and 15.0 events per 1000 days respectively. There was a significantly increased risk on Day 3 compared to Days 2 and 4. An older age, intravenous antibiotics and disorientation increased the hazard for accidental displacement, whereas phlebitis was associated only with intravenous antibiotics and occlusion/infiltration only with age.ConclusionsThe observed low rates of adverse events suggests that placement in the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa secured by a transparent dressing is acceptable. It is important to consider the indwelling catheter time when studying adverse events, and elderly patients, disoriented patients and/or patients receiving intravenous antibiotics deserve special attention.
Middle eastern refugee children and adolescents mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Oleimat Abdullah Saed , Jones Catriona , Hayter Mark 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPsychological problems have become a substantial burden on refugee communities, with a considerable impact on refugee children's quality of life and well‐being. The available studies reveal growing mental health disorders in refugee children and adolescents, particularly traumas, anxiety, and depression disorders. This review aims to examine empirical evidence relating to the mental health of refugee children and adolescents in the Middle East. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, this systematic literature review (2010–2020) identified 54 studies about Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents' mental health. Eighteen studies were excluded based on their lack of relevance to the focus of the review. Of the remaining records, ten reported common mental health disorders, ten reported on Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, three reported the importance of mental health promotion in schools, while the others discussed protective factors. The results highlight a need to understand the mental health support needs of this group, add knowledge to this area of inquiry and provide baseline data regarding Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents mental health. Differences across research designs were recorded to contextualize the quality of the study results. There is a paucity of studies investigating the causality, prevalence, risk factors, and interventions of non‐traumatic‐psychiatric disorders as well as the role of teacher in strengthen refugee's mental health. Limited information is available about suicidality and self‐harm, protective factors, adversity, adaptation, acculturation, and social demographics in refugee children.
Genotyping‐by‐sequencing for biogeography
Authors: Vaux Felix , Dutoit Ludovic , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimGenotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and similar reduced‐representation sequencing methods, such as restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), have been revolutionary for genetic analyses in biogeography. However, navigating the many different methodological and analytical approaches and numerous sources of potential error can be overwhelming. We provide an overview of key considerations for biogeographical research using GBS, from sample design through data filtering to the sharing of data, which should particularly assist new users.TaxonAll taxa.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe review recent advances for GBS and compare differences among GBS methods and analytical approaches. We highlight the concerns most relevant for biogeographical research, and emphasise practical limitations for studies on non‐model organisms.ResultsGBS methods vary substantially and recent literature demonstrates the need for careful study design and data filtering relevant to the study organism and hypothesis under investigation. Biogeographical research using non‐model organisms or long‐term sampling are likely to face some practical limitations compared to ideal GBS study designs. The methodological information recorded in published manuscripts often varies. We outline a general framework for planning and undertaking biogeographical research using GBS.Main conclusionsGBS and similar approaches have grown rapidly in popularity for biogeographical research. Evaluating, recording and justifying decisions throughout a GBS workflow—across sampling, library preparation and sequencing, identifying and filtering samples and loci, biogeographical analyses, and sharing data—is crucial for improving scientific reproducibility and compatibility among GBS datasets. This review outlines ways to improve and simplify GBS research, thereby enhancing our capacity to use genomic data to address broad‐scale biogeographical questions.
Urban road waterlogging risk assessment based on the source–pathway–receptor concept in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Sun Dianchen , Wang Huimin , Huang Jing , Zhang Jingxuan , Liu Gaofeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrban roads are especially vulnerable to waterlogging during rainfall events. Assessments of urban road waterlogging risk are critical for disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper presents a rapid and practical approach for assessing the risk of urban road waterlogging based on a source–pathway–receptor concept and a digital elevation model (DEM). Waterlogging sources are identified by neighborhood analysis, overland flow pathways are extracted using a DEM, and the properties of cross‐nodes between pathways and roads are used to assess the waterlogging risk of roads. Futian District in Shenzhen, China, is selected as the study area. The risk results show that the waterlogging risk sources are clustered in residential land parcels and low‐lying road sections, while most road intersections and overpasses in the central area are at higher risks. The results also found that the waterlogging risk decreases as the road grade increases. Actual telephonic flooding records and reported waterlogging areas were used to validate the method, with the risk results displaying good agreement with the actual conditions. The prospects for generalizing this framework and its usage are discussed. The proposed approach provides support for pluvial flooding risk assessment and urban road waterlogging prevention.