bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesund durch Gemeinschaft – Gemeinschaftsverpflegung im Kindergarten und ihre mehrdimensionalen Effekte auf die Gesundheit von Kindern
Authors: Wapp Karina , Schnabel Florian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDer Gemeinschaftsverpflegung in Kindergärten als verhältnispräventive Maßnahme wird oft eine bedeutende Rolle im Kampf gegen kindliches Übergewicht beigemessen. Dabei steckt in ihr viel mehr Potenzial für die kindliche Entwicklung als die bloße Einflussnahme auf den Ernährungsstatus. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Bedeutung die Gemeinschaftsverpflegung für die Entwicklung des kindlichen Ernährungsverhaltens hat und welche Rolle dabei insbesondere die soziale Dimension des Essens spielt.MethodenAngewandt wurde ein qualitativer Forschungsansatz. Es wurden 10 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Elementarpädagoginnen geführt und anschließend anhand der Inhaltsanalyse nach Lamnek und Krell ausgewertet.ErgebnisseAufgrund der verstärkten Inanspruchnahme gewann die Gemeinschaftsverpflegung in Kindergärten in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung. Im Zuge der Analyse zeigte sich deutlich, dass das gemeinsame Essen im Kindergarten weit mehr bietet als die Befriedigung des Hungergefühls. Tägliche Lernerfahrungen, das Ermöglichen von Gemeinschaftserlebnissen und die Stärkung der eigenen Persönlichkeit gehören ebenso zu den positiven Nebeneffekten der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung wie die Vermittlung von gesundheitsförderlichen Verhaltensweisen. Somit beeinflusst das Essen in der Gemeinschaft die Gesundheit von Kindern auf mehreren Ebenen.SchlussfolgerungFür die Entwicklung einer gesunden Lebenswelt ist die Behandlung der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung in Bildungseinrichtungen als wesentliche Rahmenbedingung unter Berücksichtigung der sozialen und gesundheitsförderlichen Dimension unerlässlich.
Wie nehmen Eltern und pädagogische Fachkräfte die Kompetenzen ihrer Kinder wahr?
Authors: Schmitt Monja , Nusser Lena , Lorenz Christian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Fähigkeit zur genauen Einschätzung von Personenmerkmalen sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sein kann. Insbesondere im Vorschulbereich sind adäquate Einschätzungen von Kompetenzen wichtig, da die frühe Bildung Grundstein für die weitere Entwicklung von Kindern darstellt. In unserem Beitrag gehen wir deshalb auf Basis von Daten der Startkohorte 2 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) der Frage nach, wie Eltern und pädagogische Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen die Kompetenzen von Kindern einschätzen. Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl Eltern als auch pädagogische Fachkräfte die sprachlichen und mathematischen Kompetenzen der Kinder überschätzen, wobei die Elterneinschätzungen deutlicher vom objektiv erhobenen Maß abweichen. Weiterhin weisen unsere Befunde zum einen darauf hin, dass die Eltern Kompetenzunterschiede zwischen Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Merkmalen für den Bereich Sprache erkennen, während dies für den Bereich Mathematik weniger gelingt. Zum anderen nehmen die pädagogischen Fachkräfte den Zusammenhang zwischen Kompetenzen und Geschlecht und Alter korrekt wahr, während sie herkunftsbedingte Unterschiede je nach Kompetenz über- oder unterschätzen.
The fMRI correlates of visuo-spatial abilities: sex differences and gender dysphoria
Authors: Gavazzi Gioele , Fisher Alessandra Daphne , Orsolini Stefano , Bianchi Andrea , Romani Alessia , Giganti Fiorenza , Giovannelli Fabio , Ristori Jiska , Mazzoli Francesca , Maggi Mario , Viggiano Maria Pia , Mascalchi Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contribution of brain regions to visuospatial abilities according to sex differences and gender identity is inconsistently described. One potential explaining factor may be the different tasks employed requiring a variable load of working memory and other cognitive resources. Here we asked to 20 cis and 20 transgender participants to undergo functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during performance of a judgement line of orientation test that was adapted to explore the basic visuospatial processing while minimizing the working memory load. We show that V1 activation may be viewed as a brain area with enhanced activation in males, regardless of participants’ gender identity. On its turn, gender identity exclusively influences the visuospatial processing of extrastriate visual areas (V5) in women with gender dysphoria. They showed enhanced V5 activation and an increased functional connectivity between V5 and V1. Overall our neuroimaging results suggest that the basic visuospatial abilities are associated with different activations pattern of cortical visual areas depending on the sex assigned at birth and gender identity.
Long-Term Diabetes Improvement After Duodenal Exclusion in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats Is Associated with Prevention of Strain-Specific Pancreatic Remodeling and Increased Beta Cell Proliferation
Authors: Seifert Gabriel , Malyi Ambrus , Bronsert Peter , Plohmann Sven , Kesselring Rebeccca , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Marjanovic Goran , Fink Jodok Matthias , Laessle Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Response to metabolic surgery is heterogeneous and the metabolic states that underpin weight loss and metabolic improvement are still unclear. In this study, we investigate parameters of post-bariatric fasting glucoregulation and leverage artificial intelligence-assisted whole-slide image analyses to characterize associated immunohistologic features of the pancreas.

Materials and Methods
We performed either loop duodeno-jejunostomy (DJOS) with exclusion of 1/3 of total intestinal length, loop duodeno-ileostomy with exclusion of 2/3 of total intestinal length (DiOS), or a sham operation on 8-week-old male obese ZDF rats. Six months post-operative, we measured blood metabolites and hormones. Subsequently, pancreatic and intestinal tissue was removed, formalin fixed, and paraffin embedded. Immunohistologic (IHC) analyses included proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to visualize the proliferation fraction and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX 1) as a measure of pancreatic cell differentiation. For IHC quantification, all slides were digitalized and analyzed using QuPath. All analyzed slides were reviewed by two independent pathologists for correctness.

Results
DJOS and DiOS were associated with preserved fasting insulin production compared to sham. Histopathologic evaluation showed significantly higher numbers of beta cells and specifically of clustered cell organization in DJOS and DiOS compared to sham. Cell proliferation (PCNA) was significantly elevated in DJOS and DiOS compared to sham.

Conclusion
In this interventional model of bariatric surgery in severe genetic diabetes, we demonstrate post-operative histologic and immunohistologic features of the pancreas associated with improved fasting glucose homeostasis.

Graphical abstract
Episodic Migraine and Older Adults
Authors: Riggins Nina , Ehrlich Annika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Migraine is and continues to be a significant medical issue in older adults. Migraine can have different characteristics in older adults and specific diagnostic and treatment considerations need to be applied when managing headache and migraine in this population, which is increasing in both size and diversity. Contrary to widely held beliefs, migraine may not improve in older women following menopause and can have new onset in older age. The purpose of this review is to give an update on the diagnosis and treatment of episodic migraine in older adults.

Recent Findings
As the population ages, migraine in older adults will become a more significant public health issue. Migraine in older adults can present with different clinical symptoms than in a younger population and is primarily a diagnosis of exclusion in older adults. Migraine treatment considerations for older adults should include comorbidities and medication interactions. Recent findings suggest there are medications that should be avoided when treating seniors with migraine.

Summary
The purpose of this review is to give an update on the most important aspects regarding the diagnosis and treatment of headache and migraine in older adults. In addition, recommendations will be made concerning medications that need careful consideration when prescribing to seniors.
Interleukin-1 Mediates Ischemic Brain Injury via Induction of IL-17A in γδ T Cells and CXCL1 in Astrocytes
Authors: Schädlich Ines Sophie , Vienhues Jonas Heinrich , Jander Alina , Piepke Marius , Magnus Tim , Lambertsen Kate Lykke , Clausen Bettina Hjelm , Gelderblom Mathias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) exacerbates the early post-stroke inflammation, whereas its neutralization is protective. To further investigate the underlying cell-type-specific IL-1 effects, we subjected IL-1 (α/β) knockout (Il1−/−) and wildtype (WT) littermate mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and assessed immune cell infiltration and cytokine production in the ischemic hemisphere by flow cytometry 24 h and 72 h after stroke. Il1−/− mice showed smaller infarcts and reduced neutrophil infiltration into the ischemic brain. We identified γδ T cells and astrocytes as target cells of IL-1 signaling-mediated neutrophil recruitment. First, IL-1-induced IL-17A production in γδ T cells in vivo, and IL-17A enhanced the expression of the main neutrophil attracting chemokine CXCL1 by astrocytes in the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro. Second, IL-1 itself was a potent activator of astrocytic CXCL1 production in vitro. By employing a novel FACS sorting strategy for the acute isolation of astrocytes from ischemic brains, we confirmed that IL-1 is pivotal for Cxcl1 upregulation in astrocytes in vivo. Our results underscore the pleiotropic effects of IL-1 on immune and non-immune cells within the CNS to mount and amplify the post-stroke inflammatory response.
Electrical properties of sedimentary microfacies and depositional environment deduced from core analysis of the syn-rift sediments, Northwestern shore of Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Aziz Emad A. Abd El , Gomaa Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present work is based mainly on core rock samples investigation of CSS-38 well, northwest of Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The cores cover the whole the South Gharib Formation (upper Miocene). The stratigraphic succession of the Gulf of Suez includes three mega units, recorded from old to young as pre-rift, syn-rift, and post-rift sediments. The syn-rift sediments from old to young are Nukhul, Rudies, Kareem, Belayim Equivalent, South Gharib, and Zeit. The core samples reveal that South Gharib Formation is not a good reservoir. It consists of sulphate-rich beds with few carbonates intercalation, laminated dolomitic limestone and marly limestone. Patchy oil staining is detected in the thin streaks and basal laminated dolomitic limestone. The microfacies are found to be evaporites, carbonates, calcareous marl, and calcareous claystone. Evaporites microfacies are considered the most frequent microfacies. Gypsum and anhydrite are generally represented by nearly equal distribution with parallel variation in content. The core samples differentiated South Gharib Formation into seven zones of depositional environment; they are arranged from base to top as shallow sub-tidal, shallow lagoonal, intertidal, shallow lagoonal, intertidal, shallow lagoonal, and supra-tidal Sabkha cycles. Some samples from South Gharib Formation were measured electrically. We will try to highlight interrelations between electrical (conductivity, permittivity, and impedance) and petrophysical properties with petrography and mineral composition. Electrical properties were measured with a frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency and increases with increasing conductor content (up to percolation threshold). The conductivity increases with the increase in conductor content and with increasing frequency. Many parameters can combine to affect electrical properties. The present research is a trial to relate the surface to subsurface measurements.
Conspiracy on Cato Street
Authors: Gatrell Vic 
Published: April 2022

On the night of 23 February 1820, twenty-five impoverished craftsmen assembled in an obscure stable in Cato Street, London, with a plan to massacre the whole British cabinet at its monthly dinner. The Cato Street Conspiracy was the most sensational of all plots aimed at the British state since Guy Fawkes' Gunpowder Plot of 1605. It ended in betrayal, arrest, and trial, and with five conspirators publicly hanged and decapitated for treason. Their failure proved the state's physical strength, and ended hopes of revolution for a century. Vic Gatrell explores this dramatic yet neglected event in unprecedented detail through spy reports, trial interrogations, letters, speeches, songs, maps, and images. Attending to the 'real lives' and habitats of the men, women, and children involved, he throws fresh light on the troubled and tragic world of Regency Britain, and on one of the most compelling and poignant episodes in British history.
Feeding preference of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on different date palm cultivars and host biochemical responses to its infestation
Authors: Manzoor Mujahid , Yang Lei , Wu Shaoying , El-Shafie Hamadttu , Haider Muhammad Saleem , Ahmad Jam Nazeer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo counter the insect infestation, plants respond with wide-ranging and highly dynamic biochemical reactions. Of these, the anti-oxidative activity is poorly understood. The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver), one of the most widespread pests in Pakistan, prefers to infest date palm Phoenix dactylifera. Our present study investigated the feeding preference of RPW to 11 different date palm cultivars and the results suggested that the Hillawi cultivar was most preferred. Greater infestation rate, fecundity and hatching rate were also recorded from Hillawi and Mozawati than other cultivars. No significant decreases were observed in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids of RPW-infested Hillawi cultivar over un-infested control. In contrast, the contents of enzymatic antioxidants including phenols, proline, hydrogen peroxide, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and glycine betaine showed a drastic increase after RPW infestation, and there was enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, we recorded the increase of total protein and sugar contents in RPW-infested date palms. These findings offer valuable insight into the antioxidative molecular mechanism of date palms under RPW attack and may contribute to the breeding of insect-resistant crops.
Non-surgical treatment of congenital left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula and Wolf–Parkinson–White
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Saharan Sunil , Chun Anne , Presti Salvatore , Cecchin Frank , Argilla Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCongenital left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula is a rare entity. We report a case of an infant with prenatal finding of left ventricle to right atrial shunt. The anatomy was defined by multi-modality imaging. Baseline electrocardiogram was notable for a Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern. He underwent successful catheter device closure of the left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula. The patient developed supraventricular tachycardia and underwent successful ablation of the accessory pathway.
Introduction: marginalisation in law, policy and society
Authors: Gurnham David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroducing our Special Issue on marginalisation, this paper considers some of the challenges that this topic poses for legal scholars. The paper identifies that these challenges arise principally from the ambivalence of ‘marginalisation’ itself: at once an idea so broad that it arguably underpins the bulk of legal research (and socio-legal research in particular), but at the same time an idea that in practice too often quickly gives way to various other neighbouring ones: disadvantage, discrimination, disempowerment, exclusion, inequality, silencing, stigmatisation, victimisation and so on. This paper considers this ambivalence and traces etymological roots (and routes) by which we understand the margin, the marginalised and marginalisation.
Exorcism and children: balancing protection and autonomy in the legal framework
Authors: García Oliva Javier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the current legal framework in relation to minors who are the recipients of exorcism. Such individuals are ordinarily doubly marginalised, by virtue of their membership of a minority religious or cultural community and their disempowered position as children. This piece aims to assess whether the current arrangements strike an appropriate balance between respecting personal and collective autonomy, as well as protecting vulnerable young people, paying particular attention to the impact of their intersectional position and multiple marginalising factors at play. It seeks to define exorcism and emphasise the very diverse settings in which it arises within twenty-first-century England and Wales. It examines proposals being made for a blanket prohibition in relation to children, considering both the desirability and viability of a ban. It also highlights that exorcism is not the only context in which religious minors will find themselves in a position of multiple marginalisation, and explores what debates in this area might reveal about the wider operation of Article 9 and the ECHR.
A Comparison of Linear Solvers for Resolving Flow in Three‐Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Greer S. Y. , Hyman J. D. , O’Malley D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe compare various methods for resolving steady flow within three‐dimensional discrete fracture networks, including direct methods, Krylov subspace methods with and without preconditioning, and multi‐grid methods. We compared the performance of the methods based on compute times and scaling of the solution as a function of the number of grid nodes and log‐variance of the hydraulic aperture. The methods are applied to three test cases: (a) variable density of networks with a truncated power‐law distribution of fracture lengths, (b) a fixed network composed of monodisperse fracture sizes but varied permeability/aperture heterogeneity, (c) and a network based on field site in Nevada, US. We chose these cases to allow us to study the impact of the mesh size and flow properties, as well as to demonstrate our conclusions on a large‐scale, realistic problem (more than 40 million mesh nodes). A direct solution using Cholesky factorization outperformed other methods for every example but was closely followed in performance by some algebraic multigrid (AMG) preconditioned Krylov subspace methods. Among the Krylov methods, conjugate gradients (CG) with an AMG preconditioner performs the best. Generally, Cholesky factorization is recommended, but CG with an AMG preconditioner may be suitable for very large problems beyond 40 million nodes where the entire linear system cannot reside in memory.
Linking transcriptional dynamics of CH4-cycling grassland soil microbiomes to seasonal gas fluxes
Authors: Täumer Jana , Marhan Sven , Groß Verena , Jensen Corinna , Kuss Andreas W , Kolb Steffen , Urich Tim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil CH4 fluxes are driven by CH4-producing and -consuming microorganisms that determine whether soils are sources or sinks of this potent greenhouse gas. To date, a comprehensive understanding of underlying microbiome dynamics has rarely been obtained in situ. Using quantitative metatranscriptomics, we aimed to link CH4-cycling microbiomes to net surface CH4 fluxes throughout a year in two grassland soils. CH4 fluxes were highly dynamic: both soils were net CH4 sources in autumn and winter and sinks in spring and summer, respectively. Correspondingly, methanogen mRNA abundances per gram soil correlated well with CH4 fluxes. Methanotroph to methanogen mRNA ratios were higher in spring and summer, when the soils acted as net CH4 sinks. CH4 uptake was associated with an increased proportion of USCα and γ pmoA and pmoA2 transcripts. We assume that methanogen transcript abundance may be useful to approximate changes in net surface CH4 emissions from grassland soils. High methanotroph to methanogen ratios would indicate CH4 sink properties. Our study links for the first time the seasonal transcriptional dynamics of CH4-cycling soil microbiomes to gas fluxes in situ. It suggests mRNA transcript abundances as promising indicators of dynamic ecosystem-level processes.
Pulse transit time-estimated blood pressure: a comparison of beat-to-beat and intermittent measurement
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Tsuchida Fumihiro , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Teragawa Hiroki , Kasai Takatoshi , Koito Hitoshi , Ando Shin-ichi , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Takeishi Yasuchika , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPulse transit time (PTT), which refers to the travel time between two arterial sites within the same cardiac cycle, has been developed as a novel cuffless form of continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in BP parameters, including BP variability, between those assessed by beat-to-beat PTT-estimated BP (eBPBTB) and those assessed by intermittent PTT-estimated BP at fixed time intervals (eBPINT) in patients suspected of having sleep disordered breathing (SDB). In 330 patients with SDB (average age, 66.8 ± 11.9 years; 3% oxygen desaturation index [ODI], 21.0 ± 15.0/h) from 8 institutes, PTT-estimated BP was continuously recorded during the nighttime. The average systolic eBPBTB, maximum systolic and diastolic eBPBTB, standard deviation (SD) of systolic and diastolic eBPBTB, and coefficient variation (CV) of systolic and diastolic eBPBTB were higher than the respective values of eBPINT (all P < 0.05). Bland–Altman analysis showed a close agreement between eBPBTB and eBPINT in average systolic BP and SD and CV of systolic BP, while there were disagreements in both minimum and maximum values of eBPBTB and eBPINT in patients with high systolic BP (P < 0.05). Although systolic BP variability incrementally increased according to the tertiles of 3%ODI in both eBPBTB and eBPINT (all P < 0.05), there was no difference in this tendency between eBPBTB and eBPINT. In patients with suspected SDB, the difference between eBPBTB and eBPINT was minimal, and there were disagreements regarding both the minimum and maximum BP. However, there were agreements in regard to the index of BP variability between eBPBTB and eBPINT.