bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of bempedoic acid for LDL-C lowering therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Y , Parco C , Karathanos A , Krieger T , Schulze V , Chernyak N , Icks A , Kelm M , Brockmeyer M , Wolff G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Bempedoic acid (BA) is a novel oral low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C) lowering drug. Its efficacy and safety for clinical outcomes in high cardiovascular risk patients remains unknown.

Objectives and methods
A systematic review was performed and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BA vs. placebo in high cardiovascular risk patients reporting clinical efficacy and safety outcomes were included in a meta-analysis. Cumulative odds ratios (OR) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported as summary statistics.

Results
Six RCTs with a total of 3,956 patients and follow-ups of four to 52 weeks were identified. There was no difference in MACE (OR 0.84; CI 0.61, 1.15), all-cause mortality (OR 2.37; CI 0.80, 6.99) and cardiovascular mortality (OR 1.66; CI 0.45, 6.04) for BA vs. placebo. BA showed beneficial trends for nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR 0.57; CI 0.32, 1.00) and was associated with a lower risk of new-onset or worsening of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.68; CI 0.49, 0.94) and non-coronary revascularization (OR 0.41; CI 0.18, 0.95), but higher risk of gout (OR 3.29; CI 1.28, 8.46) and a trend for worsening of renal function (OR 4.24; CI 0.98, 18.39) and muscular disorders (OR 2.60; CI 1.15, 5.91).

Conclusion
Bempedoic acid in high cardiovascular risk patients showed no significant effects on major cardiovascular outcomes in short-term follow-up. Unfavourable effects on muscular disorders, renal function and the incidence of gout sound a note of caution. Hence, further studies with longer-term follow-up are needed to clarify the risk/benefit ratio of this novel therapy.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Pygmy Mole CricketXya riparia
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Yang Nan , Wang Qilu , Yuan Hao , Li Xuejuan , Majid Muhammad , Zhang Xue , Cao Chengquan , Huang Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe pygmy mole cricket Xya riparia (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea) is rarely studied or widely known. Some species of pygmy mole crickets, however, not only have a potential ecological value but are also important in the study of the evolution of the orthopteran genome and its phylogenetic relationships. The genome resources of pygmy crickets are limited and there are currently no publications referencing this species’ genome. In this study, we assembled a reference genome of X. riparia at the chromosomal level using nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technology. An X. riparia genome of 1.67 Gb was successfully assembled from 164.01 Gb of nanopore sequencing data. The genome assembly showed a completeness of 98.97% benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs with a contig N50 of 4.18 Mb and the longest contig being 18.84 Mb. The contigs were clustered, ordered, and correctly oriented on six pseuchromosomes, which covered 95.63% of the genome assembly through Hi-C data with a scaffold N50 of 319.1 Mb and the longest scaffold being 397.8 Mb. Repeat sequences accounted for 42.88% of the whole-genome assembly. A total of 60,847 noncoding RNAs were detected. Moreover, 16,468 (87.91%) of the genes were functionally annotated. As this is the first high-quality reference genome of X. riparia at the chromosomal level, it will undoubtedly serve as a valuable resource for ecological, biological, and genetic research on pygmy mole crickets as well as for general research on Orthoptera’s genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships.
Nation Branding in the Andean Community: Decision 876 of 23 April 2021 for a Common Nation Brand Regime
Authors: Blasetti Roxana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
On 23 April 2021, the Andean Community, comprised of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, adopted and published Decision 876 regulating the common nation brand regime for its territory. As a result, this integrated bloc of Latin American countries became a pioneer in this area. Decision 876 establishes a common regime for protecting country brands against any possible unauthorized registrations or the use of identical or similar signs in the Community’s Members Countries. It is interesting to note that, unlike other integration blocs in Latin America, the Andean Community has made notable progress in harmonizing regional regulations on intellectual property. In this sense, Decision 876 adds to its extensive legal corpus on the topic, with no similar rule existing in the other integration processes in the region. The Decision sets out the basic criteria related to Member Countries’ and third countries’ nation brands, the procedure for their protection and enforcement, and infringements.
Current Status of Cytomegalovirus Colitis Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in China: A Questionnaire-Based Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Hong , Qian Jiaming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the prevalence of CMV colitis, the current status of laboratory testing equipment, and physicians’ opinions regarding CMV and IBD in China.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study was conducted by Chinese members of the Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis and included 36 hospitals/institutes divided according to municipality, provincial capital city, and prefectural-level city. A survey questionnaire was administered, and chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed.

Results
A total of 4823 inpatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 4622 inpatients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were included. The percentages of patients with moderate UC in the provincial capital city and municipality were significantly higher than that in the prefectural-level city (38.3% vs 29.1% and 40.1% vs 29.1%, respectively). The percentage of patients with mild CD was significantly lower in the provincial capital city than in the prefectural-level city and municipality (30.4% vs 40.3%; 30.4% vs 39.3%, respectively). There were 3.1% patients with UC and 0.8% patients with CD who had CMV colitis. The prevalence of CMV colitis was lower in patients with CD than in patients with UC (0.8% vs 3.1%). Of the 150 patients with UC and concurrent CMV colitis, 17.3% patients underwent surgery, 2.0% died, and 23.3% experienced complications. Punched-out ulcerations were the major characteristic features for detecting CMV colitis. Approximately 77.8% of hospitals possessed testing facilities capable of conducting CMV immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions
CMV colitis is an important issue during the disease progression of IBD. However, improvement in knowledge and facilities is required to enhance the prognosis of patients.
Koszul Gorenstein Algebras From Cohen–Macaulay Simplicial Complexes
Authors: D’Alì Alessio , Venturello Lorenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe associate with every pure flag simplicial complex $\Delta $ a standard graded Gorenstein $\mathbb {F}$-algebra $R_{\Delta }$ whose homological features are largely dictated by the combinatorics and topology of $\Delta $. As our main result, we prove that the residue field $\mathbb {F}$ has a $k$-step linear $R_{\Delta }$-resolution if and only if $\Delta $ satisfies Serre’s condition $(S_k)$ over $\mathbb {F}$ and that $R_{\Delta }$ is Koszul if and only if $\Delta $ is Cohen–Macaulay over $\mathbb {F}$. Moreover, we show that $R_{\Delta }$ has a quadratic Gröbner basis if and only if $\Delta $ is shellable. We give two applications: first, we construct quadratic Gorenstein $\mathbb {F}$-algebras that are Koszul if and only if the characteristic of $\mathbb {F}$ is not in any prescribed set of primes. Finally, we prove that whenever $R_{\Delta }$ is Koszul the coefficients of its $\gamma $-vector alternate in sign, settling in the negative an algebraic generalization of a conjecture by Charney and Davis.
Measurement of Water Activity in the Presence of High Volatile Concentrations Using a Tunable Diode Laser—Single Laboratory Validation, First Action 2021.04
Authors: Campbell Gaylon S , Galloway Mary , Campbell Zachary 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Water activity is measured by equilibrating a test portion with a sealed head space and measuring the test portion temperature and the vapor density of the head space. The water activity is the ratio of head space vapor density to the saturation vapor density at test portion temperature. Headspace vapor density is typically measured using capacitance or chilled mirror sensors, but, when volatiles in significant concentration are present, these measurements may fail.

Objective
Evaluate the accuracy of a tunable diode laser (TDL) for measuring the headspace vapor density and water activity of pharmaceutical preparations and food in the presence of non-aqueous volatiles.

Methods
A commercial TDL water activity meter was calibrated against standards of known water activity and used to measure water activity of pharmaceutical preparations and food with high concentrations of non-aqueous volatiles

Results
When no volatiles other than water vapor are present, this method is capable of measuring water activity with an accuracy of 0.005 or better. When high concentrations of volatiles such as ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, or acetonitrile are present the uncertainty of the measurement increases. This is at least partly due to the uncertainty of the standards.

Conclusion
Based on uncertainties in the water activity estimates of the water–organic mixtures, the uncertainties in water activity measurements with high concentrations of non-aqueous solvents is 0.02 or less up to mass fractions of the organic of 0.97.

Highlights
The theoretical background for TDL measurement of water activity is presented showing that the water vapor concentration is proportional to the area of the absorption line which is not affected by the presence of other volatiles.
Ag-EDTA-Zr and Au-EDTA-Zr Nanocomposites for the Quantitative Determination of Some Organophosphate Pesticides in Water and Tomatoes
Authors: Gasparyan Vardan K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Organophosphate pesticides (OP) pose risks to health and the environment, and monitoring them is an urgent task.

Objective
Development of a method for their determination in water and food.

Method
A simple photometric method for the determination of some OPs was demonstrated. Ag-EDTA-Zr and Au-EDTA-Zr nanoparticles were synthesized and were applied for the determination of some OPs (dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon).

Results
It was demonstrated that silver nanoparticles provide more sensitivity in comparison to gold nanoparticles. As a result, Ag-EDTA-Zr nanoparticles were further applied for the determination of these pesticides in tomatoes.

Conclusions
The lowest detectable concentrations for dimethoate, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos in water reached 0.1 (SD 0.082), 0.4 (SD 0.075), and 0.4 mg/L (SD 0.088), respectively, whereas in tomato the lowest detectable concentrations for these pesticides were 0.5 (SD 0.789), 2 (SD 0.085), and 0.5 mg/L (SD 0.088). The sensitivity of detection in tomatoes is lower than in water; however, these concentrations are comparable with allowable concentrations of OP pesticides.

Highlights
A novel approach for quantitative detection of OPs was developed. Ag-EDTA-Zr and Au-EDTA-Zr nanocomposites interact with these pesticides, and, as a result, optical changes of these nanoparticles take place. These changes correlate with the concentration of pesticides.
Tentative Identification of Etazene (Etodesnitazene) Metabolites in Rat Serum and Urine by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Accurate Mass Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Grigoryev Andrej , Kavanagh Pierce , Dowling Geraldine , Rodin Igor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
2-Benzylbenzimidazole derivatives comprise a small but forensically significant group of synthetic opioids. In humans, the metabolism of some members of this group is extensive, with little or none of the parent compound remaining. The recent detection of the 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivative, etazene (etodesnitazene), in products seized in Russia required the detection of its metabolites in biofluids for forensic toxicology purposes. Using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), eight etazene metabolites were found in the urine and serum of rats. These were tentatively identified as products of N-deethylation, O-deethylation, hydroxylation or N-oxidation of benzimidazole moiety and combinations of these processes. The parent substance and its O-deethylated metabolite prevailed in rat serum, while in urine, the level of etazene was low compared to N,O-deethylated and N-deethylated with hydroxylation metabolites. Glucuronidated, sulfonated and glutathionated forms were not found. Taking into account reports on the study of the metabolism of other 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives in humans, it may be concluded that the mono-deethylated and mono-hydroxylated metabolites are suitable as target analytes in urine.
Computational investigation of the post-yielding behavior of 3D-printed polymer lattice structures
Authors: Fadeel Abdalsalam , Abdulhadi Hasanain , Newaz Golam , Srinivasan Raghavan , Mian Ahsan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sandwich structures are widely used due to their light weight, high specific strength, and high specific energy absorption. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently been explored for creating the lattice cores of these sandwich structures. Experimental evaluation of the mechanical response of lattice cell structures (LCSs) is expensive in time and materials. As such, the finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of LCSs with many different design variations more economically. Though there have been several reports on the use of FEA to develop models for predicting the post-yielding stages of 3D-printed LCSs, they are still insufficient to be a more general purpose due to the limitations associated with the lattice prediction behavior of specific features, certain geometries, and common materials along with showing sometimes poor prediction due to the computationally cheap elements out of which these models have been composed in most cases. This study focuses on the response of different LCSs at post-yielding stages based on the hexahedral elements to capture accurately the behaviors of 3D-printed polymeric lattices made of the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material. For this reason, three types of lattices such as body centered cubic, tetrahedron with horizontal struts, and pyramidal are considered. The FEA models are developed to capture the post-yielding compressive behavior of these different LCSs. These models are used to understand and provide detailed information of the failure mechanisms and relation between post-yielding deformations and the topologies of the lattice. All of these configurations were tested before experimentally during compression in the z-direction under quasi-static conditions and are compared here with the FEA results. The post-yielding behavior obtained from FEA matches reasonably well with the experimental observations, providing the validity of the FEA models.
Psychological and Neural Differences of Music Processing in Autistic Individuals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hernandez-Ruiz Eugenia , Qi Ruowen , Welsh Emily , Wampler Madelyn , Bradshaw Liesel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite abundant research and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of music interventions for people in the autism spectrum, understanding of music processing in this community is limited. We explored whether research evidence of differences in music processing within the autistic community is available. We developed a scoping review to search for literature with the terms “music”, “processing,” and “autism” (and variants). We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, and Music Index databases for a total of 10,857 articles, with 5,236 duplicates. The remaining 5,621 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility by a team of four undergraduate and graduate students and the PI. Seventy-five studies were included for data extraction. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics regarding author, study, stimulus, and participant information, and a thematic analysis of outcome and findings. Our findings are preliminary given the emerging nature of the literature, the use of mostly non-musical auditory stimuli, passive listening experiences, and underreported demographics. However, the literature shows some evidence of differences in music processing for autistic individuals, including reduced habituation to non-musical and musical stimuli; truncated, delayed, or divergent developmental trajectories; and possible compensatory higher-order mechanisms that yield similar behavioral responses even in the presence of divergent neural correlates. Music therapists are encouraged to adopt a developmental perspective, not only of general skills, but specifically of music skill development in this community, and to extrapolate these findings with caution, given the current limitations in the evidence.
The mechanical properties and fatigue responses of fiber metal nanocomposite laminates with double-edged cracks
Authors: Jen Ming-Hwa R , Hsu Li-Jen , Liang Yu-Cheng , Wu Ying-Hui 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The fiber metal laminates (FMLs) of hybrid Ti/APC-2 neat and nanocomposite laminates were fabricated. Geometrically symmetric and anti-symmetric double-edged cracks were cut in FMLs. From tensile tests, we received the load vs. displacement curves, stress intensity factors of mixed mode and mechanical properties. From cyclic tests, the load vs. cycles (P–N) curves, residual life and failure mechanisms were obtained. The mechanical properties of symmetrically cracked specimens were slightly lower than those of anti-symmetrically cracked counterparts. As the crack length increases and inclination angle decreases, the fatigue life decreases. The enhancement of nanopowder improved the ultimate load and fatigue life. The local stress intensity at the crack tip dominates the fatigue responses. The piece of elliptical part was observed from cyclic tests at failure. Although the attraction of two crack tips accelerated the crack growth towards each other, the delay to failure was caused by two crack tips circling around and forming a small piece of ellipse centrally.
The poetics of togetherness: Conviviality of asylum-seekers in the shadow of Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Sealing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the radical politics of a fragile togetherness on the margins of the state. A small but diverse group of long-term asylum-seekers found themselves in a decade-long limbo in Hong Kong, confronting an increasingly hostile border regime, and met regularly to ‘do something as a group’. Despite the lack of any breakthrough and advice to break away as individual cases, they have persisted in staying ‘as a group’. Drawing on participant observation with the group, Our Lives Matter, the article analyzes the ways these protracted asylum-seekers relate to each other as social beings, the mutuality and togetherness they cultivate, and the political possibilities opened up by such interconnections. Building on the scholarship of conviviality that examines ‘togetherness-in-differnece’, I develop the concept of poetics of togetherness to understand these asylum-seekers’ conviviality as practice, ethics, and a method of being otherwise on the margins, invariably dialoguing with, disavowing, and defying the center. Could conviviality as ethical and political projects create radical alternatives? The poetics of togetherness recognizes the precarity and divisiveness on the margins, while attending to the power of sociality and interdependence, and emergent forms of engagement. The simultaneous making of social and political agents opens up alternative possibilities of being, relating, and acting in the shadow of state violence. We gain insights into the dynamics between ‘margins’ and ‘center’ by understanding these practices and ethics of communality as political and epistemic projects to challenge and possibly transform uneven power dynamics and exclusionary structures.
Subjective Measures of Workload and Sleep in Australian Army Recruits; Potential Utility as Monitoring Tools
Authors: Gibson Neil , Drain Jace R , Larsen Penelope , Williams Sean , Groeller Herbert , Sampson John A 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionSubjective measures may offer practitioners a relatively simple method to monitor recruit responses to basic military training (BMT). Yet, a lack of agreement between subjective and objective measures may presents a problem to practitioners wishing to implement subjective monitoring strategies. This study therefore aims to examine associations between subjective and objective measures of workload and sleep in Australian Army recruits.Materials and MethodsThirty recruits provided daily rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and differential RPE (d-RPE) for breathlessness and leg muscle exertion each evening. Daily internal workloads determined via heart rate monitors were expressed as Edwards training impulse (TRIMP) and average heart rate. External workloads were determined via global positioning system (PlayerLoadTM) and activity monitors (step count). Subjective sleep quality and duration was monitored in 29 different recruits via a customized questionnaire. Activity monitors assessed objective sleep measures. Linear mixed-models assessed associations between objective and subjective measures. Akaike Information Criterion assessed if the inclusion of d-RPE measures resulted in a more parsimonious model. Mean bias, typical error of the estimate (TEE) and within-subject repeated measures correlations examined agreement between subjective and objective sleep duration.ResultsConditional R2 for associations between objective and subjective workloads ranged from 0.18 to 0.78, P &lt; 0.01, with strong associations between subjective measures of workload and TRIMP (0.65–0.78), average heart rate (0.57–0.73), and PlayerLoadTM (0.54–0.68). Including d-RPE lowered Akaike Information Criterion. The slope estimate between objective and subjective measures of sleep quality was not significant. A trivial relationship (r = 0.12; CI −0.03, 0.27) was observed between objective and subjective sleep duration with subjective measures overestimating (mean bias 25 min) sleep duration (TEE 41 min).ConclusionsDaily RPE offers a proxy measure of internal workload in Australian Army recruits; however, the current subjective sleep questionnaire should not be considered a proxy measure of objective sleep measures.