bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Test for EU’s Investment Court System: How Will Investments Be Protected in the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment?
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Ji Xueliang 
Published: May 2022

On 30 December 2020, the European Union (EU) and China agreed in principle to a revamped investment treaty: The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI). Notably, the EU and China have not decided which investment dispute resolution system will be included under the new agreement. Instead, the EU and China are continuing negotiations on this contentious topic. This article discusses the key features of the proposed investment court system in the context of the CAI negotiations to assess whether China could agree on such a paradigmatic change that would have systemic consequences. The article explains the objective reasons behind China’s partial support for the proposed reforms to the existing investor-state arbitration system. For example, China has supported adding an appellate body without accepting the EU’s full-fledged investment court proposal. Finally, the article identifies the points of convergence and divergence which will shape the CAI negotiations and pave the way to global investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) reform.
comprehensive agreement on investment (CAI), investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), investment court system (ICS), United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL Working Group III), Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), EUVietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), State-to-state dispute resolution, Achmea case, financial responsibility regulation, European Commission
Approaches to Digital Trade and Data Flow Regulation Across Jurisdictions: Implications for the Future ASEAN-EU Agreement
Authors: Burri Mira 
Published: May 2022

In the last two decades the venue of free trade agreements has turned into an important platform for digital trade rule-making. Yet, the approaches of individual states differ profoundly and the emerging data governance regime is deeply fragmented.The article seeks tomap these developments by looking at selected preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and their design. The enquiry focuses on the United States (US) and European Union (EU) approaches and discusses the differing stances with regard to data flows regulation in particular, while highlighting innovative solutions found in recent trade deals, such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Transpacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA). The article then provides an overview of ASEAN’s initiatives with respect to electronic commerce. Against this backdrop, the article evaluates the prospects of digital trade related rules in the future ASEAN-EU agreement.
CPTPP, electronic commerce, EU FTAs, data flows, digital trade, RCEP, USMCA
The Roadmap to the ASEAN-EU FTA: Reimagining SPS Cooperation in the Regionto-Region Context
Authors: Lin Ching-Fu 
Published: May 2022

While the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU) relaunched negotiations on ASEAN-EU FTA in 2017, few signs have indicated significant progress in trade talks and EU has been prompted to pursue, in parallel, bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with individual ASEANMembers States as building blocks for the region-to-region megaproject. The underlying divergence in economic, political, historical, and social dimensions between ASEAN and EU has continued to condition bi-regional negotiations, and issues of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) are of particular importance given the large inter-regional agri-food trade and inherent tensions embedded in SPS measures that are adopted to strike a balance between trade liberalization and public health. Whether and how the two blocs can reconcile different interests and policy agendas in shaping SPS cooperation under the prospective FTA merits in-depth examination. This article analyses the trajectory and dynamics in ASEAN-EU SPS cooperation. It assesses the SPS Chapters of the EUSingapore and EU-Vietnam FTAs, drawing on their relevance to and implications for region-to-region development. Lastly, this article highlights various bottom-up SPS cooperation initiatives between the two—due to EU’s technical assistance, and more critically, ambition to export its normative paradigms globally—emphasizing their role as catalyst for deeper region-to-region SPS cooperation.
ASEAN-EU FTA, EU-Singapore FTA, EU-Vietnam FTA, SPS Agreement, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, New Asian Regionalism
Toward an ASEAN-EU FTA: Examining the Trade and Sustainable Development Chapter in the Prospective Indonesia-EU CEPA
Authors: Limenta Michelle 
Published: May 2022

The successful outcome of bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations with individual ASEAN Members can be an important precursor toward the intra-regional FTA between ASEAN and the EU. The EU’s bilateral approach with Singapore and Vietnam appears to be fruitful thus far. Meanwhile the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) negotiation with Indonesia is still in progress. Indonesia’s most important export commodity to the EU, palm oil, epitomises a potential challenge to the CEPA in particular in the area of trade and sustainable development (TSD). This article seeks to explore sustainability-related provisions potentially agreed upon in the Indonesia-EU CEPA which together with EU-Vietnam and EUSingapore FTAs will be a sound indicator for a future ASEAN-EU FTA, and how to deal with the issue of palm oil in the CEPA.
ASEAN, EU, environment, FTA, Indonesia, labour, palm oil, sustainable development
Demystifying the Sustainable Development Chapter in the EU-Vietnam FTA
Authors: Thi Nhung Nguyen , Trinh Hai Yen 
Published: May 2022

When trade and environment are jointly considered, relaxing environmental standards can nurture economic growth. Among several instruments to balance trade and the environment, free trade agreements (FTAs) have been increasingly employed. This is particularly a priority policy of some developed countries when negotiating FTAs, other non-commercial commitments are conditioned for granting market access to goods from developing countries. Using Chapter 13 of the European Union and Vietnam free trade agreement (EU-Vietnam FTA) as a case study, this article argues that the EU’s model of sustainable development is either a trade-off to gain market access for Vietnamese goods, or a meeting point between the EU’s priority policy and Vietnam’s internal need of addressing trade and sustainability. We further suggest that the sustainable development chapter in the prospective ASEAN-EU FTA, which would share great similarities with that in the EU-Vietnam FTA, could be agreed upon when the EU’s perspective meets ASEAN’s internal needs.
EU-Vietnam FTA, EU FTAs, sustainable development, Vietnam’s internal needs
Brexit: The Direct and Indirect Effect of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Authors: Korving J.J.A.M. , van der Have J.C. 
Published: May 2022

The United Kingdom (UK) is no longer part of the European Union (EU). The new relationship between the two parties has led to a trade and cooperation agreement (TCA). While the agreement contains some specific tax provisions and ensures the freedom of movement, in principle, it has no direct effect. This raises questions about the actual impact of this agreement for taxpayers. The authors discuss the direct and indirect effect of the agreement, concluding that courts may, in accordance with World Trade Organization (WTO) law, still be held to interpret their domestic (tax) laws in compliance with the principles from the agreement, including comparably formulated fundamental freedoms.
Brexit, treaty, WTO, direct effect, indirect effect, EU, interpretation, dispute resolution.
Critical Review of the ATAD Implementation: The Implementation of the ATAD in Luxembourg
Authors: Pantazatou Katerina 
Published: May 2022

This article examines the implementation of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) in Luxembourg. Specifically, it analyses all the additions and amendments that had to be made into Luxembourg law, due to the ATAD. It does so in an analytical and critical manner by going through all ATAD anti-avoidance provisions and examining the way they were implemented into Luxembourg law and how they differentiate from the previous rules (if they existed at all). It also critically assesses whether these changes have given rise to any inconsistencies or remaining questions.
ATAD, ATAD 2, Luxembourg.
Country Note: Assessing the Corporate Use of Tax Relief Measures in Portugal in the Wake of the Pandemic: A Survey
Authors: Martins António , Dinis Ana 
Published: May 2022

The covid 19 pandemic has been affecting the social and economic system of every country. In the economic domain, policymakers have used an array of measures to alleviate the financial stress of individuals and firms. A broad strand of literature has discussed the wide range of tax relief measures and their possible effectiveness.
In the corporate sector, one year after the outbreak of the pandemic, it is time to assess how firms took advantage of tax relief measures enacted by governments and to analyse which of those are more appropriate. The purpose of this article is therefore to connect the literature about fiscal policymaking with the effective use of covid 19 relief measures in the corporate sector.
Based on a survey of 200 chartered accountants with comprehensive knowledge of Portuguese firms´ utilization of fiscal measures, the authors present an analysis related to the utilization of tax relief measures in three important areas: the VAT, corporate income tax, and individual income tax. The VAT payment deferral emerges as the most important area for tax relief considering its more immediate impact on cash flows and liquidity. Additionally, respondents were requested to offer their opinions about the economic sectors in which relief measures had a more intensive use.
Tax relief, global tax policymaking, pandemic, covid 19 relief measures, corporate tax
PELATIHAN DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN BAWANG MERAH MENJADI BAWANG GORENG VARIAN RASA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA DONGGOBOLO KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Kusumayadi Firmansyah , Aprianti Kartin , Yusuf Muhammad , Muhajirin  , Ismunandar  
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this community service activity is to provide training related to the manufacture of various flavored fried onions for the community, especially housewives in Donggobolo Village, Woha District, Bima Regency and to find out the response of housewives in Donggobolo Village to training in making packaged fried onions. The method of this community service activity uses the lecture method, demonstration, question and answer method and exercises in the manufacture and processing of fried onions. This training involved members of the Real Work Lecture students who were accompanied by assistant lecturers from the Management Study Program and housewives in Donggobolo Village. There are results from training on making fried onions of various flavors conducted by housewives in Donggobolo Village, namely (1) the results of the evaluation of processed fried onions made by training participants are generally in the good category with an average success of 75%, (2) The response from housewives to the implementation of the training on making fried onions was very enthusiastic, seen from the attendance reaching 90% and participating in the activity from beginning to end.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR : PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG HIJAU MENJADI PASIR CANGKANG KERANG
Authors: Ramli  , Rasidi Moh. , Wafi Abdul , Jamil Siti Nur Aisyah , Sandra Lovi , Jasila Ismi 
Published: May 2022

Aktivitas pasca panen pada penanganan kerang hijau di Keluran Kalibaru adalah pengupasan cangkang kerang. Pengupasan kerang tersebut banyak menghasilkan limbah cangkang kerang yang dalam penanganannya tidak memperhatikan kesehatan lingkungan. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi saat ini yaitu menumpuknya limbah cangkang kerang tersebut yang berasal dari hasil pengupasan cangkang kerang. Oleh karena itu di perlukan penanganan dan pengolahan terhadap limbah terebut agar tidak mencemari lingkungan dan sekaligus memberikan dampak benefit ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah pendampingan kepada masyarakat yang di fokuskan pada kegiatan social entrepreneur, yaitu mengolah limbah cankang kerang hijau menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai tambah dan nilai jual yang tinggi berupa pasir cangkang kerang. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah Analysis Design - Development - Implementation - Evaluation (ADDIE). Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menghasilkan sebuah wawasan dan keterampilan bagi kelompok pembiudidaya kerang hijau di Kelurahan Kalibaru. Wawasan tentang pentingnya mengelola dan mengolah limbah cangkang kerang hijau agar kesehatan lingkungan tetap terjaga dan keterampilan berupa kemampuan mengolah limbah cangkang kerang hijau menjadi pasir cangkang kerang.

Kata Kunci: Limbah, Cangkang Kerang , Pasir
A randomized comparison between interscalene block and dexmedetomidine for arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Kanakalakshmi Sushma Thimmaiah , Prabhu Manjunath , Varghese Nita , Pandey Vivek 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Management of intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia during arthroscopic shoulder surgeries remains a challenge. Although interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is considered ideal for shoulder anesthesia it requires skill and proficiency unlike intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine.
Objective: This randomized trial was performed to observe the efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion which is less invasive and demands lesser skills than plexus block.
Methodology: All patients scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were assigned either to group DEX, which received an IV dexmedetomidine bolus of 0.5 mcg/kg over 20 minutes, followed by an infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/hour that was stopped 30 minutes before surgery the end of surgery or to group BLOCK which received ultrasound guided ISB with 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The primary outcome assessed was intraoperative hemodynamics; the secondary outcomes were immediate postoperative pain, operating condition as assessed by the surgeon, recovery time, and patient satisfaction after 24 hours. Blinded investigator and composite scores were used for the assessment.
Results: Both groups displayed equivalent scores for intraoperative hemodynamics whereas ISB resulted in a better post-operative analgesia (p < 0.001). Surgeon’s opinion and recovery time were comparable. Overall, the patients had a satisfactory experience with both techniques, according to the quality assessment.
Conclusion: IV dexmedetomidine infusion is an effective alternative to ISB for reconstructive shoulder surgeries under general anesthesia.
The Surgical Safety Checklist from the resident's perspective. Observational study
Authors: Galeano Castañeda Carlos Andrés , Hoyos Redondo Jessica Valentina , Gómez Salgado Juan Camilo 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The Surgical Safety Checklist implemented by the World Health Organization has proven to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality; however, the barriers and limitations to its implementation are consistently reported in the literature. Objective: To establish the level of appropriation of the surgical safety checklist in the training of human resources in anesthesiology, in addition to identifying the perception and the level of implementation of such checklist at the national scale. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted through a survey administered to the residents of anesthesiology in Colombia. Likert-type questions were included, distributed into three domains: appropriation, perception and implementation. Results: 215 answers corresponding to 54.5 % of the population were analyzed, comprising participants from all of the anesthesiology programs in the country. 20% of the residents have never been subject to formal academic reviews about checklists, and this trend did not change throughout the residency; 97.2 % considers that the implementation of the lists improves the safety of surgical procedures and 40 % have seen rejection or indifference by surgeons. 80.5 % of the residents have seen the frequent use of the checklist, while only 13.5% have seen the use of the checklist during the three surgical moments – before the induction of anesthesia, before the surgical incision, and before the patient leaves the operating room -; 88 % have observed that the form is completed without actually doing the verification. Conclusions: There is limited exposure to education about the surgical safety checklist in anesthesiology postgraduate programs in the country. The residents have a favorable perception about the value of the list, however, there are some shortcomings in its administration.
Implementasi Change Management pada Unit Kerja Pengadaan Barang/Jasa
Authors: Syandri Pratama Riski 
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dalam era globalisasi ini terjadi dengan sangat cepat. Kemampuan sebuah perusahaan dalam kedua hal tadi menjadi salah satu faktor daya saing yang sangat penting. Saat sebuah organisasi mencoba mengembangkan skala ekonominya, maka dibutuhkan tingkat pengetahuan yang sangat luas pada setiap personil yang ada untuk dapat berkompetisi dan bertahan. Keunggulan daya saing ini umumnya diturunkan dari kompetensi inti (core competence) yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan atau organisasi tersebut. Untuk dapat meraih dan mempertahankan suatu keunggulan kompetitif, perusahaan harus menanggapi situasi baru secara proaktif, terukur dan tangkas. Apabila sebuah organisasi tidak tanggap terhadap perubahan yang terjadi pada lingkungan bisnisnya, maka organisasi tersebut secara tidak langsung sudah mematikan pasarnya sendiri. Dengan demikian sebuah change management merupakan hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan organisasi, untuk keberlangsungan hidupnya dan meraih keunggulan kompetitif.
Kajian dalam penelitian ini akan membahas secara sistematis tentang pengelolaan proses perubahan melalui proses transisi, model perubahan yang digunakan adalah model yang diperkenalkan oleh John P. Kotter melalui 8 (delapan) tahapan proses perubahan untuk menciptakan perubahan utama yang penting untuk dilakukan. Implementasi praktis dari metodologi yang digunakan untuk proses perubahan ini melalui pendekatan manajemen proyek dan faktor-faktor kunci keberhasilannya. Langkah - langkah prkatis yang dirancang diarahkan untuk dapat memastikan bahwa change management dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang aktif serta dapat menunjukan nilai - nilai untuk meraih keunggulan, bertindak dengan kematangan, integritas dan tanggung jawab, dapat melibatkan pengguna system, mendorong inovasi, kreativitas dan keluasan visi.
Indikator Pengadaan Barang / Jasa Berkelanjutan Pada Pembangunan Bendungan
Authors: Pudjijono Agus , Nursani Dharma 
Published: May 2022

Salah satu fokus pembangunan infrastruktur utama di Indonesia adalah pembangunan bendungan. Karena membutuhkan sumber daya dan energi, pembangunan bendungan dapat mempengaruhi, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, kelestarian alam, pencemaran lingkungan, dan keanekaragaman hayati. Pembangunan bendungan oleh pemerintah dilakukan melalui proses pengadaan publik. Melalui Penerapan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah Berkelanjutan (PPB), dampak negatif pengadaan bendungan, dipandang dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan, dapat diminimalisasi. Namun penerapan PPB selama ini tidak terlaksana dengan baik, karena kurangnya pemahaman terkait indikator-indikator PPB. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya indikator standar untuk setiap langkah pelaksanaan PPB. Tidak adanya indikator standar antara lain disebabkan langkanya penelitian mengenai PPB di negara berkembang dibandingkan dengan di negara maju. Terlebih lagi, pembahasan tentang implementasi PPB dalam pembangunan sumber daya air khususnya di sektor bendungan sangat minim, padahal sektor bendungan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari banyak konstruksi besar yang berdampak signifikan secara sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengusulkan 64 indikator pelaksanaan PPB yang terdiri dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan, sebagai alternatif pemecahan masalah. Indikator PPB dapat diidentifikasi pada setiap tahapan PPB sehingga indikator-indikator keberlanjutan tersebut dapat diterapkan sebagai pedoman dalam perencanaan, kriteria dalam proses tender, dan sebagai ukuran kinerja dalam pelaksanaan konstruksi.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KONSELING DAN TES HIV PUSKESMAS TELADAN GUNA PENCAPAIAN TARGET SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)
Authors: P Adelia Risa , Nasution M. Arif , Achmad Nurman 
Published: May 2022

Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pelaksanaan kebijakan program konseling dan tes HIV di Puskesmas Teladan guna pencapaian target SDGs dengan menggunakan isu-isu interaktif yang digagas oleh George C Edward III berupa komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi yang berperan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan. Keberperanan empat isu ini sangat bermakna bagi implementasi kebijakan dan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui analisis deskriptif dan objek penelitiannya adalah Dinas Kesehatan Kota Medan, Puskesmas Teladan dan masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Teladan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan program konseling dan tes HIV di Puskesmas Teladan guna pencapaian target SDGs telah memenuhi empat isu implementasi kebijakan publik model George C Edward III walaupun belum sempurna. Hal ini terbukti dari masih adanya pengelola program dan masyarakat yang belum bisa memperoleh informasi dengan baik dan cepat tentang pelaksanaan konseling dan tes HIV.
From Big Oil to Big Green
Authors: Grasso Marco 
Published: May 2022

How Big Oil can transform itself into Big Green through reparation and decarbonization to rectify the harm it has done through fossil fuels.
In From Big Oil to Big Green, Marco Grasso examines the responsibility of the oil and gas industry for the climate crisis and develops a moral framework that lays out its duties of reparation and decarbonization to allay the harm it has done. By framing climate change as a moral issue and outlining the industry's obligation to tackle it, Grasso shows that Big Oil is a central, yet overlooked, agent of climate ethics and policy.
Grasso argues that by indiscriminately flooding the global economy with fossil fuels—while convincing the public that halting climate change is a matter of consumer choice, that fossil fuels are synonymous with energy, and that a decarbonized world would take civilization back to the Stone Age—Big Oil is morally responsible for the climate crisis. He explains that it has managed to avoid being held financially accountable for past harm and that its duty of reparation has never been theoretically developed or justified. With this book, he fills those gaps. After making the moral case for climate reparations and their implementation, Grasso develops Big Oil's duty of decarbonization, which entails its transformation into Big Green by phasing out carbon emissions from its processes and, especially, its products.