bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, designing, and controlling a Three-Wheeled Electric Vehicle and implemented in Hardware
Authors: Rout Smitanjali , Samal Sudhansu Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to model and design an experimental electric vehicle, prototype, and the effective concept of a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS). Which is having three-wheel and tested according to the Indian rural road with different loading conditions. The methodology for vehicle modeling, selection of motor, controller designing, DC-DC converter designing, and sizing of the lithium-ion battery pack with battery management system are described. A real-time driver circuit with a programmable controller circuit board has been designed for the proper power flow according to the Indian road and successfully tested on the road as described in the paper. A similar model has been designed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed experimental prototype EV control system technology.
Risk evaluation of splenic hilar lymph node metastasis and survival analysis of advanced gastric cancer patients
Authors: Niu Guangcai , Lin Hao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: There is no consensus in the influence of NO.10 lymph node(LN) dissection for advanced gastric cancer(AGC) patients. We aimed to evaluate whether AGC patients could benefit from NO.10 LN dissection and the clinicalpathological indicators of NO.10 LN metastasis.Methods: We analyzed data on 218 patients with AGC patients who had underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy(n=108) or modified D2 lymphadenectomy(n=110) from January 2017 to January 2021. Additionally, we also examined the influencing factors of NO.10 lymph node metastasis in the SD2 group.Results: The differentiation, tumor size and NO.4 positive LN were significantly correlated with the NO.10 LN metastasis(P<0.05). The Borrmann’s classification, differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis (N), and tumor size were found to correlate with survival on univariate analyses. The age, gender, extent of gastrectomy, tumor location and lymphadenectomy extent were not related to survival(P>0.05). The median survival time was 72.23 months and 68.56 months for the SD2 and MD2 groups, respectively(P=0.635). Postoperative major morbidity and mortality rates were 37.96% and 3.70% in the SD2 group, and 23.64% and 1.82% in the MD2 group, respectively.Conclusions: The prophylactic NO.10 lymphadenectomy may be recommended in AGC patients with positive NO.4 LN, poor differentiation and tumor located on the greater curvature.
Comparative Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Methyl Orange Dye adsorption using ZnO/PANi composite materials
Authors: Alardhi Saja M. , Abdalsalm Alyaa H. , Ati Ali A. , Abdulkareem Makarim H. , Ramadhan Ahmed A. , Taki Malaa M. , Abbas Zeena Yassen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polyaniline PANi/zinc oxide ZnO nanocomposite has been chemically synthesized by using formic acid. ZnO/PANi nanocomposites containing different weight content of ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 30 wt%). ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. Characteristics such as structural, morphological and absorption of the prepared nanocomposites were studied by XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV–vis spectra. X-ray diffraction of zinc oxide nanoparticles confirmed formation of hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, also the substituted zinc oxide nanoparticles in different percentage to semi-crystalline polyaniline indicating nearly the same crystalline structure of ZnO/PANi nanocomposites. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR) of ZnO nanoparticles, PANi and their composites have been analyzed in the frequency range between 400–4000 cm− 1. The characteristic FT-IR peaks of ZnO nanoparticles show shifts to lower wave numbers in all composites. These observed effects may be due to conjugation and some chemical interactions between ZnO nanoparticles and PANI molecular chain. The results confirmed that the PANI successfully grown on surface of ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles, PANI and ZnO/PANi nanocomposites were further applied to remove methylene orange dye, the effect of pH, initial dye concertation and ZnO nanoparticles dose were investigated via a batch experimental. According to the results, that the hybrid composite of ZnO/PANi increased the photo degradation of methylene orange dye molecules in aqueous solution compared with parent materials. Maximum removal efficiencies at optimum conditions were higher than 97% at pH 11, concentration of dye:10 mg/l, time equal 40 min and dose 0.1 g of PANi/ZnO.
Land cover classification and its effects on the uncertainty of aboveground carbon estimates in Amazon degraded forests
Authors: Pinagé Ekena Rangel , Keller Michael , Peck Christopher , Longo Marcos , Duffy Paul , Csillik Ovidiu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Tropical forests are critical for the global carbon budget, yet they have been threatened by deforestation and forest degradation by fire, selective logging, and fragmentation. Existing uncertainties on land cover classification and in biomass estimates hinder accurate attribution of carbon emissions to specific land covers. In this study, we used textural metrics derived from PlanetScope images to implement a probabilistic classification framework to identify intact, logged and burned forests in three Amazonian sites. We also estimated biomass for these forest classes using airborne lidar and compared biomass uncertainties using the lidar-derived estimates only to biomass uncertainties considering the land cover classification as well. Results: Our classification approach reached overall accuracy of 0.86, with accuracy at individual sites varying from 0.69 to 0.93. Logged forests showed variable biomass changes, while burned forests showed an average carbon loss of 35%. We found that including uncertainty in forest degradation classification significantly increased uncertainty and decreased estimates of mean carbon density in two of the three test sites. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the attribution of biomass changes to forest degradation types needs to account for the uncertainty in land cover classification. By combining very high-resolution images with lidar data, we could attribute carbon stock changes to specific pathways of forest degradation. This approach also allows quantifying uncertainties of carbon emissions associated with forest degradation through logging and fire. Both the attribution and uncertainty quantification provide critical information for national greenhouse gas inventories.
The association of ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like and Ras-GTP-activating protein SH3 domain binding protein 1 mediated by small nucleolar RNA is essential for stress granule formation
Authors: Asano-Inami Eri , Yokoi Akira , Sugiyama Mai , Hyodo Toshinori , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic, non-membranous structures composed of non-translating mRNAs and various proteins and play critical roles in cell survival under stressed conditions. Extensive proteomics analyses have been performed to identify proteins in SGs; however, the molecular functions of these components in SG formation remain unclear. In this report, we show that ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) is a novel component of SGs. UBAP2L localized to SGs in response to various stresses, and its depletion significantly suppressed SG organization. Proteomics and RNA sequencing analyses found that UBAP2L formed a protein-RNA complex with Ras-GTP-activating protein SH3 domain binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). In vitro binding analysis demonstrated that snoRNAs were required for UBAP2L association with G3BP1. In addition, decreased expression of snoRNAs reduced the interaction between UBAP2L and G3BP1 and suppressed SG formation. Our results reveal a critical role of a novel SG component, the UBAP2L/snoRNA/G3BP1 protein-RNA complex, and provide new insights into the regulation of SG assembly.
Repeatability and reliability of semi-automated anterior segment-optical coherence tomography imaging compared to manual analysis in normal and keratoconus eyes
Authors: Lin Anna , Mohammed Isa S. K. , Munir Wuqaas M. , Munir Saleha Z. , Maripudi Snehaa , Wei Libby , Alexander Janet L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the repeatability and reliability of semi-automated EyeMark Python program measurements compared to manual ImageJ image processing of anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) structures in healthy and keratoconus eyes. Methods: Heidelberg AS-OCT was used to image 25 eyes from 14 healthy subjects and 25 eyes from 15 subjects with keratoconus between the ages of 20 and 80 years, collected prospectively, in this observational case-control study. Visual axis scan containing vertical fixation light beam was selected from the 15-line AS-OCT scan raster. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior corneal radius of curvature (ACRC), posterior corneal radius of curvature (PCRC), and truncated anterior vault (TAV) were measured using ImageJ software and the EyeMark Python program. MedCalc and R were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and generate Bland-Altman plots (BAP). Results: When comparing the measurements of CCT, ACRC, PCRC, and TAV between manual ImageJ analysis and the EyeMark Python program, ICC values were consistently greater than 0.9, indicating excellent agreement. BAPs comparing the ImageJ and Python measurements of anterior segment structures show no systematic proportional bias and the average differences were near zero and within 95% of the limits of agreement. Conclusions: Semi-automated tools may provide the necessary efficiency for point-of-care quantitative corneal analysis of raw AS-OCT images. The semi-automated EyeMark Python program offers a repeatable and reliable tool compared to manual ImageJ analysis for measuring anterior segment structures from AS-OCT images among individuals with keratoconus.
Is entropy an indicator of port traffic predictability? The evidence from Chinese ports
Authors: Li Chuchu , Lin Qin , Huang Dong , Grofill Manel , Yang Dong , Feng Hongxiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Historical time-series data of container traffic in ports are characterised by strong randomness that causes the time-series prediction performance to vary significantly. In this sense, the prediction accuracy differs as a function of exogenous variables related to port characteristics and the maritime shipping context. Thus, the measuring problem of a priori container traffic predictability (i.e., the ability of methods to predict port traffic variables) arises. Academia suggests that this predictability may be related to entropy as a measure of the information provided. This paper analyses the Sample Entropy (SampEn), as an indicator of the complexity represented by the container traffic time-series data, comparing it with the error metrics provided by a statistical prediction and an artificial intelligent method. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network are used to obtain the prediction performance of container port traffic in a data set composed of 20 Chinese ports and 5 selected international ports. Unexpectedly, the results indicate that the correlation between the SampEn and the prediction performance of the time series is weak. The complex ecosystem of the container shipping sector and the different port characteristics are suggested as the cause of this poor correspondence. Our findings help to understand the relationship between entropy and the predictability of time-series data in a sector (i.e. port traffic), which has not been explored before.
Features of the perception of spatial and temporal characteristics in athletes
Authors: Natalia Savinova , Nina Stelmah , Mariya Berehova , Karskanova Svitlana , Borulko Dmytro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The authors consider the issues of the perception of time and space based on the results of the individual minute and individual decimeter tests among the Thai boxers, basketball players and non-athletes. We propose to use the individual minute test among athletes for self-monitoring of adaptive capabilities and response to training in year-round training. The authors proposed the levels of functional systems of adaptation for athletes with different types of training impact. Each level of the functional system corresponds to a certain structure (quantitative and qualitative composition) of indicators of the perception of time and space and their rhythmic organization. The structure of indicators of perception of time and space and the peculiarities of the rhythmic organization of these indicators in athletes are determined primarily by the nature of sports activity and gender differences. The levels of functional systems of adaptation for athletes with different types of training impact are proposed. Each level of the functional system corresponds to a certain structure (quantitative and qualitative composition) of indicators of the perception of time and space and their rhythmic organization. This study allows us to expand our understanding of the individual characteristics of the perception of time and space in people with different levels of physical activity, reaction speed and situational interaction.
Improvements to the Empirical Solar Wind Forescast (ESWF)
Authors: Milošić Daniel , Temmer Manuela , Heinemann Stephan , Podladchikova Tatiana , Veronig Astrid , Vršnak Bojan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The empirical solar wind forecast (ESWF) model in its current version 2.0 runs as a space safety service in the frame of ESA’s Heliospheric Weather Expert Service Centre. The ESWF model forecasts the solar wind speed at Earth with a leadtime of 4 days. The algorithm uses an empirical relation found between the area of solar coronal holes (CHs), as observed in EUV within a 15° meridional slice, and the in-situ measured solar wind speed at 1 AU. This relation however, forecasts Gaussian type speed profiles, as the CH rotates in and out of the meridional slice, causing some discrepancy in the timing between forecasted and observed solar wind speed. With adaptations to the ESWF 2.0 algorithm we improve the precision and accuracy of the ESWF speed profiles. For that we implement compression and rarefaction effects occurring between solar wind streams of different velocities in interplanetary space. By considering the propagation times for plasma parcels between the Sun and Earth and their interactions, we achieve the asymmetrical shape of the speed profile that is characteristic of highspeed streams (HSS). By further implementing CH segmentation, co-latitude information and dynamic thresholding, we find that the newly developed ESWF 3.2 performs significantly better than ESWF 2.0. For a sample of 294 different HSSs, we derive a relative increase in hits of the timing and peak velocity by 13.9%. The Pearson correlation coefficient increases by 14.3% from cc = 0.35 to cc = 0.40.
The CASPer Preparation Program Innovation: Increasing Self-Perceived Competence and Confidence of Underrepresented Applicants on the Novel CASPer Snapshot and CanMEDS Roles
Authors: Mahmood Farhan , Oguntala Julianah , Henoud Claudine , Pierre-Louis Libny Lahelle , Fuad Asli , Okafor Ike 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Underrepresented Minorities in Medicine (URMMs) may face financial and social limitations when matriculating into medical schools. Performance on situational judgment tests such as Computer-based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPer) can be enhanced by coaching and mentorship. The CASPer Preparation Program (CPP) coaches URMMs to prepare for the CASPer test. During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19), CPP implemented novel curricula on the CASPer Snapshot and CanMEDS roles.Methods: Pre and post-program questionnaires were completed by the students, which assessed their: 1) confidence in understanding the CanMEDS roles, and 2) perceived confidence in performing well and their familiarity and preparedness with the CASPer Snapshot.Results: Participants reported a significant increase in the URMMs’ knowledge, self-perceived competency to complete the CASPer Snapshot, and their anxiety significantly decreased. The level of confidence in understanding CanMEDS roles for a career in healthcare increased as well. The majority (91%) agreed that the feedback received from tutors was adequate and the virtual component of the program was beneficial during COVID-19.Conclusion: Pathway coaching programs have the potential to increase confidence and familiarity amongst URMMs for the CASPer tests and CanMEDS roles. Similar programs should be developed with the aim to increase the chances of URMMs matriculating into medical schools.
Barriers and Facilitators for Attending In-Person Classes as Identified by Public Health Undergraduate Students Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gersten Zachary P. , Anderson Olivia S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered students’ expectations for in-person learning, including their perceptions about the value of attending classes as course materials are more readily accessible through online modalities. We aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of public health undergraduates for attending residential in-person courses during a semester two years into the pandemic through a qualitative approach. A survey distributed at the end of the Winter 2022 semester included close- and open-ended items regarding their estimated attendance of classes within the semester and reasons why they did or did not attend in-person classes, and suggested facilitators to get them to attend class, respectively. The most reported reasons for attending their in-person classes included helping students focus on course material and managing their schedule. The most reported barriers for attending class included inconvenient commutes and costs outweighing the benefits. The most described facilitator to get students to attend in-person class was mandatory or graded attendance. Anxiety over COVID-19 exposure was overwhelmingly not a reason for missing in-person classes. As the COVID-19 pandemic ensues and we integrate back to in-person learning, instructors must be aware of the potential factors that affect student attendance. If instructors are aware of these factors, they can then address the barriers or emphasize the facilitators for attending class to fully support student learning.
Ancient metalworking at Yodhawewa site, Sri Lanka: tracing the archaeological and geochemical relationship by analyzing soil and slags
Authors: Wijepala W.M.T.B. , Young Sansfica M. , Ishiga H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Yodhawewa archaeometallurgical site was the latest discovery in Sri Lanka in 2018. This study aimed to trace the archaeological and geochemical relationship by analyzing the soil and slags of the site dating back to the c. 1st to 8th centuries AD. The analysis was mainly based on the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The soil chemistry resulted in some clues to special metal processing zones in the excavation-1 area. The cultural layers of that area (profiles 1 and 2) showed relatively high copper composition (max. 470ppm), and crucible fragments containing copper particles were also detected in the same layers. The vertical distribution of soil elements and their correlations with TiO2 suggested that long-term metal activity may have affected changes in environmental soil chemistry. Relatively high phosphorus was indicated in the soil-related furnace wall, suggesting the artificial addition of organic matter to the clay body during the furnace wall construction to withstand the high temperatures. High iron slag (HIS) varies from 12.96 to 49.63 wt% of Fe2O3 and shows high MnO, P2O5, and V. Lightweight amorphous/glassy slags (LIS) associated with secondary refining have low iron content and a high CaO and Sr composition.
Measure the Performance by Analysis of Different Boosting algorithms on Various Patterns of Phishing datasets
Authors: Pandey Mithilesh Kumar , Singh Munindra Kumar , Pal Saurabh , Tiwari B. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The internet has become an important component of our daily lives. The most common internet service is web surfing. Many individuals use their browser to do things like online shopping, bill payment, cell phone recharge, and banking transactions. Customers confront different security dangers, such as cyber crime, as a result of the widespread usage of this service. Cyber phishing is a type of web threat that entices users to connect with a false website. The main goal of this research paper is to prevent the user's sensitive information. The proposed model is developed in three steps in step1 we choose a dataset to train on, and then test classifiers on the dataset. In step2 we have applied the three classifiers finding phishing detection accuracy and finally step3 after completing all of the predictions, we discovered that XGBoost outperformed AdaBoost and Gradient boosting machine learning algorithms.
Immunomodulatory Response in an Experimental Model of Brain Death
Authors: Santana Alexandre Chagas , Andraus Wellington , Oberman Dan Zimelewicz , Rabelo Nícollas Nunes , Silva Filipe Miranda Oliveira , Dellê Humberto , Pepineli Rafael , Moraes Edvaldo Leal , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Ruiz Liliane Moreira , Oliveira-Braga Karina Andrighetti , Nepomuceno Natalia Aparecida , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Tullius Stefan Gunther , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Sergio Brasil , Sabrina Degaspari , Lima Larissa de Sá , Scavone Cristoforo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Liver transplantation has come a long way and is now regarded as the gold standard treatment for end-stage liver failure. The great majority of livers utilized in transplantation come from brain-dead donors. A broad inflammatory response characterizes BD, resulting in multiorgan damage. This process is primarily mediated by cytokines, which increase the immunogenicity of the graft. In male Lewis rats, we evaluated the immune response in a BD liver donor and compared it to that of a control group. We studied two groups: Control and BD (rats subjected to BD by increasing intracranial pressure). After the induction of BD, there was an intense rise in blood pressure followed by a fall. There were no significant differences observed between the groups. Blood tissue and hepatic tissue analyzes showed an increase in plasma concentrations of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH and ALP), in addition to pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophages in liver tissue in animals submitted to BD. The current study found that BD is a multifaceted process that elicits both a systemic immune response and a local inflammatory response in liver tissue. Our findings strongly suggested that the immunogenicity of plasma and liver increased with time following BD.