bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality aspects and proenvironmental attitudes
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Lenhausen Madeline R. , Stahlmann Alexander G. , Bleidorn Wiebke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveClimate change is a serious threat. Personality psychologists can help address this threat by understanding what kind of people tend to endorse proenvironmental attitudes and engage in sustainable behavior. Previous research supports reliable associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality traits. However, this research has generally aggregated different kinds of attitudes into a single composite and has focused on the domain level of personality traits.MethodThis study explored how 10 lower‐order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to eight different proenvironmental attitudes in three convenience samples from the United States (N = 1234; 1000) and the United Kingdom (N = 538).ResultsAll five trait domains were related to at least one proenvironmental attitude across all three samples. Seven of eight proenvironmental attitudes could be predicted by one or more traits in all three samples. We also found evidence that the Openness aspect of Openness to Experience was a more consistent predictor of proenvironmental attitudes than the Intellect aspect. In contrast, there was little benefit in distinguishing between the aspects of other trait domains. We did not find evidence that age or political orientation moderated the associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality.ConclusionResults point to the need for more fine‐grained research on individual differences in proenvironmental attitudes and behavior.
School‐Based Delivery of Vision Care in Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Storey Nathan , Stafford‐Hudson Katheryn , Harrow Ilana , Tow Berenice , Seo Jennifer Y. , Vidis Jennifer D. , Collins Megan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn 2012, Chicago Public Schools and the Chicago Department of Public Health partnered together to create the Chicago School‐Based Vision Program (CSBVP). This ongoing, city‐wide program provides school‐based vision services (eye examinations, eyeglasses provision, and eye care referrals) to students with limited access.METHODSDescriptive analysis of the program operations from 2012 to 2020, including number of students served and exam findings during 2017‐2020, as well as lessons learned and recommendations for reproducing the successes of the CSBVP in other contexts.RESULTSDuring its first 8 years, the CSBVP provided eye examinations to over 350,000 students. During the years 2017‐2020, this included 126,238 eye exams and provision of eyeglasses to 73,751 students.CONCLUSIONSThe CSBVP is built upon strong community and school relationships. The program offers vision services, equitably, to all students across the district. The lessons learned through the implementation of the CSBVP may provide guidance for future district‐wide vision programs.
Stick with the nose…Saliva rapid antigen testing is not a viable method for testing children under 5 years old
Authors: Tosif Shidan , Lee Lai‐yang , Nguyen Jill , McMinn Alissa , Selman Chris , Grobler Anneke C , Daley Andrew , Crawford Nigel W 
Published: November 2022

AimRespiratory testing with rapid antigen tests (RATs) in children under 5 years of age may be uncomfortable and presents specific challenges to testing due to compliance and procedural distress. The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity and feasibility of self‐collected nasal and saliva RAT tests compared with a combined nose and throat (CTN) swab PCR in children under 5.MethodsChildren aged between 1 month and 5 years, with confirmed COVID‐19 or who were a household contact within 7 days were included. A saliva RAT, nasal RAT and CTN swab were collected by the parent. SARS‐CoV‐2 cycle threshold (Ct) values for CTN tested by PCR were compared with saliva and nasal RAT results. Parent preference for method of sample was recorded.ResultsForty‐one children were recruited with median age of 1.5 (interquartile range 0.7–4.0) years. Only 22/41 (54%) of parents were able to successfully collect a saliva RAT from their child. Sensitivity of the nasal RAT and saliva RAT was 0.889 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.739–0.969) and 0.158 (95% CI 0.034–0.396), respectively. Upper limit of nasal RAT detection by CTN Ct value was higher than saliva (36.05 vs. 27.29). While saliva RAT was rated most comfortable, nasal RAT was rated the preferred specimen by parents for future testing, due to saliva collection difficulties and time taken.ConclusionsRapid antigen testing with nasal RAT is a more feasible and sensitive method for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in young children compared with saliva RAT.
Melatonin inhibits endometriosis development by disrupting mitochondrial function and regulating tiRNAs
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Ham Jiyeon , Yang Changwon , Park Wonhyoung , Park Hahyun , An Garam , Song Jisoo , Hong Taeyeon , Park Soo Jin , Kim Hee Seung , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a benign gynecological disease characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial‐like cells outside the uterus. Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been shown to have therapeutic effects in various diseases, including endometriosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The results of this study demonstrated that melatonin and dienogest administration effectively reduced surgically induced endometriotic lesions in a mouse model. Melatonin suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, and dysregulated calcium homeostasis in endometriotic cells and primary endometriotic stromal cells. Melatonin also caused mitochondrial dysfunction by permeating through the mitochondrial membrane to disrupt redox homeostasis in the endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, melatonin affected oxidative phosphorylation systems to decrease ATP production in End1/E6E7 and VK2/E6E7 cells. This was achieved through messenger RNA‐mediated downregulation of respiratory complex subunits. Melatonin inhibited the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways and the mitochondria‐associated membrane axis and further suppressed the migration of endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tiRNAGluCTC and tiRNAAspGTC were associated with the proliferation of endometriosis and that melatonin suppressed the expression of these tiRNAs in primary endometriotic stromal cells and lesions in a mouse model. Thus, melatonin can be used as a novel therapeutic agent to manage endometriosis.
Performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Henson Jacqueline B. , Budoff Matthew J. , Muir Andrew J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether risk scores developed in the general population accurately assess cardiovascular risk in the NAFLD population is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) in NAFLD.MethodsIndividuals in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with baseline non‐contrast cardiac computed tomography scans with sufficient data to determine the presence of hepatic steatosis were identified and assessed for the development of incident 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The discrimination and calibration of the PCE were evaluated, and the observed and expected events by risk category (<5%, 5–<7.5%, 7.5–<20%, ≥20%) were determined. Risk reclassification with the addition of NAFLD to the PCE was assessed.ResultsOf 4014 participants included, 698 (17.4%) with NAFLD were identified, including 247 (35.3%) with moderate‐to‐severe steatosis. Discrimination of the PCE was suboptimal in NAFLD (c‐statistic 0.69), particularly moderate‐to‐severe steatosis (0.65), and calibration was overall poor. While risk was overestimated in non‐NAFLD, it was underestimated in NAFLD in lower/intermediate risk categories, predominantly in women (5–<7.5% observed/expected ratio = 1.67). The addition of NAFLD to the PCE improved risk classification in women.ConclusionsThe PCE overall performed suboptimally in cardiovascular risk assessment in NAFLD, particularly in women and individuals with moderate‐to‐severe steatosis in clinically relevant risk categories. Primary prevention may need to be considered at a lower risk threshold in these groups, and further work is needed to improve risk stratification in this growing high‐risk population.
Effect of coccidioidomycosis prophylaxis in selecting non‐Candida albicans species amongst solid organ transplant recipients in Arizona
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Mohanad M. , Marquez Jose , Afghan Abaseen , Zangeneh Tirdad T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvasive candidiasis carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The rates of non‐albicans Candida species (NAC) infections are on the rise secondary to frequent azole antifungal use. NAC incidence and risk amongst solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in Arizona receiving prolonged azole course for coccidioidomycosis prophylaxis have not been well elucidated.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated SOT recipients hospitalised between 2017 and 2021 with a positive Candida spp. culture.ResultsThere were 66 SOT recipients with 74 hospitalisations and 79 Candida spp. isolates. The median age was 59 (IQR 45–66), 68% were male, 58% were non‐Hispanic White, and the most common SOT 38/74 (51%) was a liver transplant. Median time from transplant to the identification of any NAC (infection or colonisation) was significantly shorter, 8 months (IQR 3–78) vs 128 months (IQR 10–282) for Candida albicans isolates, p = .03. Prior use of azoles was significantly higher in NAC‐associated post‐transplant colonisation and invasive disease hospitalisations (83%) than in those with C. albicans (17%), p < .001. There were 59 hospitalisations with invasive disease, with the majority having NAC isolates of 49 (83%).ConclusionThe universal azole prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of coccidioidomycosis complications amongst SOT recipients in Arizona; however, there is an increased risk of developing NAC colonisation and infections, which can complicate the care of the SOT recipients with invasive candidiasis. Future studies are needed to investigate methods of reducing the risk of NAC infections whilst preventing coccidioidomycosis amongst SOT recipients.
Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging of leptomeningeal metastases of lung adenocarcinoma: Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensity on brainstem surfaces
Authors: Edagawa Shunji , Ito Norie , Nakamura Yosuke , Toyoshima Takanobu , Ohkubo Yukiko , Chiba Susumu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCytology of cerebrospinal fluid is the gold standard for diagnosing leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, despite its low sensitivity. Herein, we report a case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with relapsed lung adenocarcinoma who presented with tinnitus and hearing loss for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed characteristic fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities along the leptomeningeal surfaces of the brainstem. The ratio of the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid was 1.2:1. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology obtained at the fourth lumbar puncture revealed suspected malignancy, and a definitive diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was confirmed via brain biopsy. This case supports the utility of characteristic magnetic resonance imaging appearance and repeated lumber punctures as an evaluation for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
Impact of haemodialysis hours on outcomes in older patients
Authors: Yeung Emily K. , Brown Leanne , Kairaitis Lukas , Krishnasamy Rathika , Light Casey , See Emily , Semple David , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Toussaint Nigel D. , MacGinley Robert , Roberts Matthew A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies report an association between longer haemodialysis treatment sessions and improved survival. Worldwide, there is a trend to increasing age among prevalent patients receiving haemodialysis. This analysis aimed to determine whether the mortality benefit of longer haemodialysis treatment sessions diminishes with increasing age.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of people who first commenced thrice‐weekly haemodialysis aged ≥65 years, reported to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry from 2005 to 2015, included from 90 days after dialysis start. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed with haemodialysis session duration the exposure of interest.ResultsOf 8224 people who commenced haemodialysis as their first treatment for kidney failure aged ≥65 years during this period, 4727 patients died. Longer dialysis hours per session was associated with a decreased risk of death in unadjusted analyses [hazard ratio, HR, for ≥5 h versus 4 to <4.5 h: 0.81 (0.75–0.88, p < .001)]. Patients having longer dialysis sessions were younger but had greater co‐morbidity. In an adjusted model including age and other variables, the survival benefit of longer hours was only partially attenuated [HR for previous comparison: 0.75 (0.69–0.82, p < .001)], and no interaction between age and hours was demonstrated (p = .89).ConclusionThe apparent survival benefit associated with longer haemodialysis session length appears to be preserved in patients 65 years or older. In practice, the benefit of longer dialysis hours should be carefully weighed against other factors in this patient group.
Discovering the genetic modules controlling root nodule symbiosis under abiotic stresses: salinity as a case study
Authors: Singh Jawahar , Valdés‐López Oswaldo 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLegumes form a symbiotic association with rhizobia and fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized root organs known as nodules. It is well known that salt stress inhibits root nodule symbiosis by decreasing rhizobial growth, rhizobial infection, nodule number, and nitrogenase activity in diverse legumes. Despite this knowledge, the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing salt stress's inhibition of nodulation and nitrogen fixation are still elusive. In this Viewpoint, we summarize the most recent knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that shape this symbiosis according to the salt levels in the soil. We emphasize the relevance of modulating the activity of the transcription factor Nodule Inception to properly shape the symbiosis with rhizobia accordingly. We also highlight the knowledge gaps that are critical for gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of the root nodule symbiosis to salt‐stress conditions. We consider that filling these gaps can help to improve legume nodulation and harness its ecological benefits even under salt‐stress conditions.
Successful non‐operative management of atrioesophageal fistula after combined therapy of catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure for atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Ma Gaigai , Wang Xinhong , Han Zhenhua , Zhang Chaoying , Zheng Qiangsun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but devastating complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with high mortality rates. Whereas most cases of AEF are treated by emergency surgical interventions, we report a case of paroxysmal AF with AEF after combined therapy of catheter ablation and percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), which was treated successfuly without major surgery or esophageal stenting. He was presented 18 days after the procedure, suffering chest pain, fever, and a transient loss of consciousness. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest disclosed a small accumulation of air in the region of the left atrium adjacent to the esophagus, suggesting AEF. Supported by early aggressive antibiotic therapy, pericardial drainage and a fasting state with adequate parenteral nutrition, resulted in improvement of his condition with no recurrence of symptoms. Subsequent chest CT scans confirmed disappearance of the leaked air and the patient was discharged home 28 days after admission with no neurological compromise. Early detection, rapid treatment and constant awareness of potential fatal consequences are prerequisites for successful treatment of this complication and prevention of fatal outcome.
Efficacy and safety of the extraction of cardiostimulation leads using a mechanical dissection tool. A single center experience
Authors: Villegas Elkin González , Juárez del Río José Ignacio , Carmona José Carlos Romero , Valdíris Ulises Ramírez , Peinado Ángel Aroca , Peinado Rafael Peinado 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe percutaneous extraction of endovascular cardiostimulation and defibrillation leads is the most frequent technique nowadays. The tools used today must guarantee the success of the procedure, with the minimum of complications. Our objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of lead extraction using the Evolution mechanical dissection tool (Cook Medical, USA).MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in a total of 826 consecutive patients from October 2009 to December 2018 who underwent the procedure with the Evolution mechanical dissection tool. Preoperative study included complete blood tests, echocardiogram, and chest X‐ray. The procedures were performed in the operating room, under general anesthesia and echocardiographic control.ResultsA total of 1227 leads were extracted with a mean chronicity of 10.3 ± 5.1 years. Clinical success (CS) rate was 99.7%. A total of 16 (1.9%) complications occurred, 2 (0.24%) were major complications and 14 (1.7%) were minor complications. There was no operative mortality. There was no statistically significant relationship between implant chamber and complete efficacy. The complete extraction was achieved in all left ventricular leads, in 762 of 774 (98.45%) of right ventricular lead removal, and in 330 of 334 (98.8%) of right atrial leads (p = .31).ConclusionIn our experience, percutaneous extraction of intravenous leads via the use of the Evolution tool (Cook Medical, USA), is a very effective and safe technique that offers low morbidity and mortality.
Topical corticosteroid phobia in adolescents with eczema and caregivers of children and adolescents with eczema: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Tangthanapalakul Amatanun , Chantawarangul Karaked , Wananukul Siriwan , Tempark Therdpong , Chatproedprai Susheera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSteroid phobia is an increasing phenomenon that affects treatment adherence. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of steroid phobia among adolescents with eczema and the caregivers of children and adolescents with eczema by using questionnaires and TOPICOP© scale. The prevalence of steroid phobia is approximately 12% and 37% in the adolescent and caregiver groups, respectively. Caregivers who obtained information about topical corticosteroid (TCS) from dermatologists and whose children had fewer number of flares, demonstrated less concern about using TCS.
Phenomenal Grounds of Epistemic Value
Authors: Kriegel Uriah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImagine a zombie world that looks “from the outside” just like ours, but where there is no phenomenal consciousness. Creatures that look like us move about just as we do and make the same noises we do, but nobodyexperiencesorfeelsanything. How much of the epistemic value that's exemplified in our world survives in that one? The short answer is: any kind of epistemic value that requires the occurrence of consciousness for its exemplification cannot exist in that world, but epistemic value that doesn't require consciousness can exist. The real question, though, is what kinds of epistemic value require the occurrence of consciousness. We will consider four central epistemic values: justification, truth, acquaintance, and understanding.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome‐editing applied to MdPGT1 in apple results in reduced foliar phloridzin without impacting plant growth
Authors: Miranda Simón , Piazza Stefano , Nuzzo Floriana , Li Mingai , Lagrèze Jorge , Mithöfer Axel , Cestaro Alessandro , Tarkowska Danuše , Espley Richard , Dare Andrew , Malnoy Mickael , Martens Stefan 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYPhloridzin is the most abundant polyphenolic compound in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which results from the action of a key phloretin‐specific UDP‐2′‐O‐glucosyltransferase (MdPGT1). Here, we simultaneously assessed the effects of targeting MdPGT1 by conventional transgenesis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐mediated genome editing. To this end, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of MdPGT1 RNA interference knockdown and genome‐edited lines. Knockdown lines exhibited characteristic impairment of plant growth and leaf morphology, whereas genome‐edited lines exhibited normal growth despite reduced foliar phloridzin. RNA‐sequencing analysis identified a common core of regulated genes, involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. However, we identified genes and processes differentially modulated in stunted and genome‐edited lines, including key transcription factors and genes involved in phytohormone signalling. Therefore, we conducted a phytohormone profiling to obtain insight into their role in the phenotypes observed. We found that salicylic and jasmonic acid were increased in dwarf lines, whereas auxin and ABA showed no correlation with the growth phenotype. Furthermore, bioactive brassinosteroids were commonly up‐regulated, whereas gibberellin GA4 was distinctively altered, showing a sharp decrease in RNA interference knockdown lines. Expression analysis by reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression analysis further confirmed transcriptional regulation of key factors involved in brassinosteroid and gibberellin interaction. These findings suggest that a differential modulation of phytohormones may be involved in the contrasting effects on growth following phloridzin reduction. The present study also illustrates how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be applied to dissect the contribution of genes involved in phloridzin biosynthesis in apple.
Effects of Wobbe Index on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas/Diesel RCCI Engine
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Xi Hongyuan , Zhou Song , Shreka Majed , Zhang Zhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Due to energy shortage and environmental problems, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engine has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, diesel pilot ignition natural gas engine is a promising technology. However, the different sources of natural gas lead to the change in composition, which has a great impact on engine combustion and emission. In this study, the relationship between Wobbe index (WI) and swirl ratio (SR) of six different natural gas mixtures was studied by numerical simulation method. Besides, reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion strategy was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the WI increased the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, increased the ignition delay, and shortened the combustion duration, the gross indicated efficiency (GIE) of the six gases exceeded 50%. In addition, the increase of WI increased the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and reduced the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Moreover, the peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) increased with the rise of WI, which may lead to engine knock. The results also showed that the increase of SR increased the in-cylinder pressure and temperature and improved the PPRR. When the SR was 0.7 and the WI was 51.7, the combustion and emission performance of the RCCI engine was relatively better.