bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of operative intervention for infection after synthetic or autologous cranioplasty: a National Readmissions Database analysis
Authors: Do Truong H. , Lu Jinci , Palzer Elise F. , Cramer Samuel W. , Huling Jared D. , Johnson Reid A. , Zhu Ping , Jean James N. , Howard Madeleine A. , Sabal Luke T. , Hanson Jacob T. , Jonason Alec B. , Sun Kevin W. , McGovern Robert A. , Chen Clark C. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical utilization and associated charges of autologous bone flap (ABF) versus synthetic flap (SF) cranioplasty and to characterize the postoperative infection risk of SF versus ABF using the National Readmissions Database (NRD).

METHODS
The authors used the publicly available NRD to identify index hospitalizations from October 2015 to December 2018 involving elective ABF or SF cranioplasty after traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. Subsequent readmissions were further characterized if patients underwent neurosurgical intervention for treatment of infection or suspected infection. Survey Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess risk of readmission.

RESULTS
An estimated 2295 SF and 2072 ABF cranioplasties were performed from October 2015 to December 2018 in the United States. While the total number of cranioplasty operations decreased during the study period, the proportion of cranioplasties utilizing SF increased (p < 0.001), particularly in male patients (p = 0.011) and those with TBI (vs stroke, p = 0.012). The median total hospital charge for SF cranioplasty was $31,200 more costly than ABF cranioplasty (p < 0.001). Of all first-time readmissions, 20% involved surgical treatment for infectious reasons. Overall, 122 SF patients (5.3%) underwent surgical treatment of infection compared with 70 ABF patients (3.4%) on readmission. After accounting for confounders using a multivariable Cox model, female patients (vs male, p = 0.003), those discharged nonroutinely (vs discharge to home or self-care, p < 0.001), and patients who underwent SF cranioplasty (vs ABF, p = 0.011) were more likely to be readmitted for reoperation. Patients undergoing cranioplasty during more recent years (e.g., 2018 vs 2015) were less likely to be readmitted for reoperation because of infection (p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS
SFs are increasingly replacing ABFs as the material of choice for cranioplasty, despite their association with increased hospital charges. Female sex, nonroutine discharge, and SF cranioplasty are associated with increased risk for reoperation after cranioplasty.
Morphological evaluation of the risk of posterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture: a mirror aneurysm model
Authors: Xu Wei-Dong , Chen Ru-Dong , Hu Sheng-Qi , Hou Yu-Yang , Yu Jia-Sheng 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to use morphological parameters of mirror posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms to evaluate aneurysm rupture risk.

METHODS
The morphological parameters of 45 pairs of ruptured mirror PCoA aneurysms were analyzed. Conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression of the following paired morphological parameters was performed: aneurysm with a daughter sac, aneurysm height, aneurysm width, neck width, internal carotid artery diameter, PCoA diameter, flow angle, PCoA angle, aspect ratio, bottleneck factor, size ratio, height/width ratio, fetal posterior cerebral artery, and aneurysm with height > width. A scoring system was established according to the odds ratios (ORs). The receiver operating characteristic was used to test the prediction accuracy of this scoring system in the authors’ database of 523 PCoA aneurysms and the threshold value was used to define higher risk.

RESULTS
Aneurysm width (OR 1.676, p = 0.014), aneurysm with daughter sac (OR 7.775, p = 0.016), and aneurysm with height > width (OR 9.067, p = 0.012) were independent risk factors for rupture. The scoring system consisted of aneurysm width (1 point per mm), aneurysm with a daughter sac (5 points), and aneurysm with height > width (5 points). The area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system was 0.842, and its threshold value was 7.97. A score ≥ 8 points was defined as higher risk. The AUC using this definition was 0.802.

CONCLUSIONS
Aneurysm width, aneurysms with height > width, and aneurysms with a daughter sac were independent risk factors for PCoA aneurysm rupture. The scoring system devised in this study accurately predicts rupture risk.
Breaking boundaries through Doctors Reaching Minority Men Exploring Neuroscience: a mentorship model to foster a pipeline for underrepresented minorities
Authors: McNeill Ian T. , Carrasquilla Alejandro , Asfaw Zerubabbel K. , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Mehr Alyson , Townsend Kenya D. , Joseph Alexander , Bederson Joshua B. , Butts Gary C. , Germano Isabelle M. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
In 2015, the Association of American Medical Colleges report titled "Altering the Course: Black Males in Medicine" showed a decline in the number of Black men matriculating into medical school. To alter this trend, the authors’ hypothesis was that formally exposing Black men to the clinical neurosciences during high school would enhance their chances of entering the physician workforce. For this reason, in 2007, the Doctors Reaching Minority Men Exploring Neuroscience (DR. MMEN) program was established at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The program aimed to provide early exposure, mentorship, and inspiration to high school–age Black and Latinx men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the DR. MMEN program in the context of the recent race and ethnicity trends among medical school matriculants (MSMs).

METHODS
Association of American Medical Colleges data on MSMs stratified by race and ethnicity were reviewed for the period between 2015 and 2020. Data pertinent to the academic achievements of DR. MMEN participants, such as matriculation to college and/or medical school, were prospectively tracked and incorporated with mixed-methods exit assessment data. Qualitative responses were coded and analyzed using a thematic concept analysis method.

RESULTS
Over the study period, the increase of MSMs in the US was 1.0% and 1.7% for Black and Latinx individuals, respectively. Changes for the male MSM cohort were negligible: 0.3% for Black and 0.7% for Latinx. With respect to DR. MMEN, 42% of participants from 2017 to 2019 earned college scholarships, and 25% of students from the 2017–2018 cohort matriculated to a combined college–medical program. Survey data showed that 100% of DR. MMEN participants found the program useful. Analysis of qualitative data revealed that participants considered pursuing a career in neurosurgery or in another medical field. Diligence and a passion for medicine were identified as the top two most important lessons in the program, and witnessing patient satisfaction and observing a neurosurgery operation were described as the most important experiences. Participants considered availability to give advice and feedback and a passion for teaching as the principal attributes of their mentors.

CONCLUSIONS
Over the past 6 years, the slight increase in Black and Latinx MSMs has not been significant enough to remedy ethnoracial disparities among MSMs. In particular, Black male matriculation to medical school has remained stagnant. The DR. MMEN program is a promising model to inspire young scholars and improve diversity within neuroscience and medicine at large.
Blood amino acid dynamics after ingestion of chicken-derived peptides in healthy subjects
Authors: Guo Hang , Yamamura Akihiro , Sato Mikako 
Published: July 2022

Background: The rate of protein digestion and amino acid (AA) absorption determines the postprandial rise in circulating AA and modulates postprandial muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the timing of protein ingestion, along with its quantity and quality, to regulate the blood AA concentration. Chicken breasts are a popular food among athletes as they are a good source of animal protein, containing sufficient essential amino acids (EAAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Low-molecular-weight chicken peptides (Cpep), a novel protein supplement, were isolated from chicken breasts. Blood AA dynamics, which have a significant influence on MPS rates, were observed and compared with commercially available whey- and soy-derived protein supplements.Objectives: We evaluated blood AA dynamics after Cpep intake compared with whey protein (WP), and soy protein (SP).Methods: Three groups of six healthy adult men volunteers (age 39 ± 10 years) ingested 0.3 g/kg (protein/body weight) of Cpep, WP, and SP. The concentrations of AA in the plasma were measured before and after the ingestion period and their kinetics were compared.Results: Cpep comprises free amino acids or peptides, and their average molecular weights are lower than those of WP and SP. The absorption dynamics of AA in the plasma were evaluated. After Cpep intake, EAA and BCAA concentrations peaked at 30 min and levels of EAA and BCAA were higher than those after WP and SP ingestion at 15 and 30 min, respectively. Conversely, the levels of total AA, EAA, and BCAA decreased 45 min after Cpep intake compared with WP and SP intakes. In contrast, WP and SP showed similar blood AA dynamics with a peak at 60 min.Conclusions: Cpep is absorbed significantly faster than WP and SP, making it a useful option for efficient protein intake to maintain and increase muscle mass.Keywords: chicken-derived peptides, blood amino acid dynamics, branched-chain amino acid, muscle protein synthesis
Visually Identified Tau 18F-MK6240 PET Patterns in Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Krishnadas Natasha , Huang Kun , Schultz Stephanie A. , Doré Vincent , Bourgeat Pierrick , Goh Anita M.Y. , Lamb Fiona , Bozinovski Svetlana , Burnham Samantha C. , Robertson Joanne S. , Laws Simon M. , Maruff Paul , Masters Colin L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: July 2022

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease, heterogeneity has been observed in the postmortem distribution of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Visualizing the topography of tau in vivo may facilitate clinical trials and clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether tau distribution patterns that are limited to mesial temporal lobe (MTL)/limbic regions, and those that spare MTL regions, can be visually identified using 18F-MK6240, and whether these patterns are associated with different demographic and cognitive profiles. Methods: Tau 18F-MK6240 PET images of 151 amyloid-β positive participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were visually rated as: tau negative, limbic predominant (LP), MTL-sparing, and Typical by two readers. Groups were evaluated for differences in age, APOE ɛ4 carriage, hippocampal volumes, and cognition (MMSE, composite memory and non-memory scores). Voxel-wise contrasts were also performed. Results: Visual rating resulted in 59.6% classified as Typical, 17.9% as MTL-sparing, 9.9% LP, and 12.6% as tau negative. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was strong (Cohen’s kappa values of 0.89 and 0.86 respectively). Tracer retention in a “hook”-like distribution on sagittal sequences was observed in the LP and Typical groups. The visually classified MTL-sparing group had lower APOE ɛ4 carriage and relatively preserved hippocampal volumes. Higher MTL tau was associated with greater amnestic cognitive impairment. High cortical tau was associated with greater impairments on non-memory domains of cognition, and individuals with high cortical tau were more likely to have dementia than MCI. Conclusion: Tau distribution patterns can be visually identified using 18F-MK6240 PET and are associated with differences in APOE ɛ4 carriage, hippocampal volumes, and cognition.
Combinational Drug Repurposing from Genetic Networks Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Nabirotchkin Serguei , Bouaziz Jan , Glibert Fabrice , Mandel Jonas , Foucquier Julie , Hajj Rodolphe , Callizot Noëlle , Cholet Nathalie , Guedj Mickaël , Cohen Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Background: Human diseases are multi-factorial biological phenomena resulting from perturbations of numerous functional networks. The complex nature of human diseases explains frequently observed marginal or transitory efficacy of mono-therapeutic interventions. For this reason, combination therapy is being increasingly evaluated as a biologically plausible strategy for reversing disease state, fostering the development of dedicated methodological and experimental approaches. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a prominent opportunity for disclosing human-specific therapeutic targets and rational drug repurposing. Objective: In this context, our objective was to elaborate an integrated computational platform to accelerate discovery and experimental validation of synergistic combinations of repurposed drugs for treatment of common human diseases. Methods: The proposed approach combines adapted statistical analysis of GWAS data, pathway-based functional annotation of genetic findings using gene set enrichment technique, computational reconstruction of signaling networks enriched in disease-associated genes, selection of candidate repurposed drugs and proof-of-concept combinational experimental screening. Results: It enables robust identification of signaling pathways enriched in disease susceptibility loci. Therapeutic targeting of the disease-associated signaling networks provides a reliable way for rational drug repurposing and rapid development of synergistic drug combinations for common human diseases. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach with an experiment application to Alzheimer’s disease.
The Effects of Normal Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Alzheimer’s Disease on Visual Search
Authors: Xue Chuanwei , Tang Yi , Wang Changming , Yang Haibo , Li Liang 
Published: July 2022

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been confirmed as an influencing factor of visual impairment, but potential concomitant effects on visual and cognitive performance are not well understood. Objective: To provide a new method for early screening of Alzheimer’s disease and further explore the theoretical mechanism of the decline of whole visual and cognitive performance in AD. Methods: We studied 60 individuals without dementia as normal control (NC), 74 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 60 individuals with amnesia mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 75 patients with AD on a battery of tests designed to measure multiple aspects of basic and higher-order visual perception and cognition. All subjects performed on same visual and cognitive test batteries. Results: The results showed both of four groups, with the stimulus-presentation time being longer, the visual-search performance improved, and both the eye interest-area first fixation duration and the interest-area-fixation count increased. Particularly under the noise-masking condition, the AD group performed the worst at stimulus-presentation times between 300 and 900 ms. The aMCI group, but not the SCD group, performed worse than the NC group at the stimulus-presentation time of either 300 or 500 ms. The interest-area-fixation count was higher in all the patient groups than that in the NC group, and distinguishable between participants with AD and those with SCD or aMCI. Conclusion: The visual-search performance combined with eye-movement tracking under the noise-masking condition can be used for distinguishing AD from normal aging, SCD, and aMCI.
Impact of an intensive lifestyle program on low attenuation plaque and myocardial perfusion in coronary heart disease: A randomised clinical trial protocol
Authors: Cassidy Sophie , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Wang Tian , Mitra Sayan , Liu Chen , Ribeiro Rosilene V. , Dai Aimee , Lau Jonathan , Huang Robin , Masedunkas Andrius , Jose Shane , Liu Na , Avery Leah , Yang Jessica , McGrady Michele , Lo Serigne N. , George Jacob , Cistulli Peter A. , Khor Lynn , Kozor Rebecca , Ugander Martin , Wilcox Ian , Hunyor Imre , Fontana Luigi 
Published: July 2022

IMPORTANCE: The evidence that maintaining a healthy body weight in conjunction with healthier eating patterns, exercise training, and reduced stress can improve clinical outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is substantial. However, little is known about the magnitude and temporal effects of a comprehensive lifestyle treatment on coronary artery anatomy, myocardial inflammation, and fibrosis in people affected by coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomised clinical trial to determine the impact of a 12-month intense lifestyle intervention delivered via an mHealth platform (in the form of a mobile App) versus standard clinical care on low attenuation plaque volume and structure, stress myocardial perfusion, and diastolic function. DESIGN: A single centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The co-primary endpoints are: 1-Low Attenuation Plaque (LAP) volume (mm3) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at 12 months, and 2-Adenosine stress myocardial blood flow (stress MBF, mL/min/g) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months. Other key measurements include liver steatosis by MRI, subclinical abnormalities detected by advanced electrocardiography, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, genomic, metabolomic, and gut microbiome-related adaptations to these structural changes. An intention-to-treat principle will be used for all analyses. SETTING: Participants will be recruited from a large academic cardiology office practice (Central Sydney Cardiology) and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) Departments of Cardiology and Radiology. All clinical investigations will be undertaken within the Charles Perkins Centre-RPAH clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals ( n = 150) with stable coronary heart disease who have low attenuation plaque based on a CCTA within the past 3 months, will be randomised to a lifestyle intervention program comprising a 5:2 pesco-vegetarian diet, exercise training, and mindfulness-based stress reduction ( n = 75) or usual care ( n = 75). DISCUSSION: This trial will represent the single most detailed and integrated analysis of the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention targeting multiple metabolic pathways, delivered via a customized mHealth App on smart devices, on coronary macro- and microcirculation, heart physiology, and cardiometabolic risk. It will provide a new framework for allowing clinicians and individuals to optimise metabolic health for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases that is epidemic in modern society.
KONFLIK POLITIK DESA PEREBUTAN SUMBER DAYA EKONOMI (STUDI KASUS KONFLIK MASYARAKAT DESA PULAU PANDAN VERSUS PLTA PT KERINCI MERANGIN HIDRO DI KABUPATEN KERINCI)
Authors: Ahmad Jafar 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini memotret secara gamblang bagaimana model konflik sosial terjadi antara korporasi besar dengan masyarakat yang relasi sosialnya sangat solid, kuat dalam memegang teguh adat istiadat. Konflik ini dimulai pada perebutan sumber daya ekonomi berupa tanah masyarakat/adat yang akan dijadikan lahan untuk pembangunan perusahaan yang terletak di bagian selatan Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi. Di tempat lain, konflik selalu saja melibatkan masyarakat dan korporasi secara langsung. Konflik terjadi head to head. Berbeda yang terjadi di Kerinci, PT Kerinci Merangin Hidro di Desa Pulau Pandan tidak lagi berhadap-hadapan atau berkonfrontasi langsung ketika menguasai tanah untuk kepentingan proyek Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA)
Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan Penelitian: Penulis mengumpulkan data riset ini melalui proses wawancara mendalam, kajian literatur, analisis dokumen termasuk informasi di surat kabar. Untuk menganalisis temuan ini penulis menggunakan teori konflik dan konsensus Maswadi Rauf.
Hasil Penelitian: Temuan riset ini menunjukkan kehadiran dan penguasaan lahan oleh PT Kerinci Merangin Hidro telah memantik konflik sosial yang sangat meluas di tengah masyarakat Desa Pulau Pandan. Perusahaan di bawah bendera grup Bukaka (milik mantan Wapres Jusuf Kalla) itu memahami struktur sosial masyarakat yang sangat solid sehingga tak mau ambil resiko dengan melakukan konfrontasi secara langsung.
Implikasi Hasil Penelitian: Dalam penguasaan sumber daya ekonomi masyarakat diperlukan beberapa strategi yang humanis dan persuasif sehingga tidak terjadi bentrokan antara perusahaan dengan masyarakat.
Chagall e os olhos da esperança
Authors: De Araújo Saulo di Tarso Begliomini 
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo investiga a formação da paisagem transcultural e da paisagem afetiva que emerge a partir da análise da obra de Marc Chagall e o contexto brasileiro, na formação judaica do Brasil, refletindo as relações entre a autobiografia e obra do pintor, através do paralelo entre Vitebsk, aldeia russa onde Chagall nasceu na Bielorrússia, e a vida de judeus convertidos nos arruados nordestinos, narrando a vida de criptojudeus e a expressão do Cordel, da arte armorial e do frevo. Uma análise crítica da arte moderna que leva em consideração a capacidade que tanto Chagall quanto artistas e pensadores brasileiros como Mario de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira, Anita Malfatti, Cícero Dias, Villa-Lobos Ariano Suassuna, Capiba, Antônio Nóbrega e diversos artistas anônimos e populares da poesia, literatura e do frevo tiveram a capacidade de criar vanguardas a partir da origem local e da não separação entre arte popular e arte erudita, revelando o êxodo judaico como formação essencial da cultura brasileira que une no mesmo patamar criativo a expressão entre Brasil profundo, a arte moderna europeia e expressões como a música judaica contemporânea. O ensaio reflete ainda o engajamento de um grupo de artistas na política permanente da paz e da integração entre diversas culturas, eixo que perfaz tanto a arte brasileira quanto o decurso da vida e obra de Marc Chagall, ambos transformando a tradição em vanguarda ao mesmo tempo em que seus contemporâneos rompiam as tradições para criar as vanguardas do século XX.
Palavras-chave: Marc Chagall. Arte Armorial. Êxodo. Paisagem afetiva. Transculturalismo.
Importância e valores atribuídos a plantas nativas da Caatinga em um bairro da zona urbana de Petrolina - Pernambuco
Authors: Dos Santos RIbeiro Elâine Maria , Nogueira de Moraes Franciane 
Published: July 2022

Este estudo buscou analisar o valor e a importância que as pessoas atribuem à biodiversidade de plantas da Caatinga em um bairro da zona urbana de Petrolina. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de opinião para coletar dados relacionados à utilidade, importância e valor das plantas, com indivíduos de três faixas etárias (adulto 20 a 40 anos; adulto intermediário 41 a 64 anos; e idoso a partir de 65 anos), sendo 20 entrevistados por faixa etária. Inicialmente, foram selecionadas 10 espécies a partir de buscas em sites e ranqueamento das 10 espécies mais citadas na internet, as quais foram utilizadas na pesquisa de campo. Além disso, foi construído um formulário com alternativas sobre a utilidade e valor dessas espécies. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o número de citações das espécies na internet e o número de vezes em que a planta foi citada como “útil” na pesquisa de campo. Entre os adultos na primeira faixa etária, foram registradas seis citações para espécie “sem importância”, e apenas duas citações na terceira faixa etária. O valor cultural foi o mais citado nas três faixas etárias, especialmente na terceira. Observou-se uma maior diversificação nos valores citados nas segunda e terceira faixas etárias. Conclui-se que o valor cultural é o mais evidente entre os sujeitos entrevistados e que as plantas em geral são consideradas úteis nas distintas idades. No entanto, os resultados apontam que os distintos valores ainda são pouco citados e conhecidos, e a sua abordagem na educação formal e informal pode ser uma importante ferramenta para conservação da flora da Caatinga.
Palavras-chave: Flora da Caatinga. Valor. Utilidade. Faixas etárias. Semiárido.