bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Flat Cell Size, Transplant Age, and Production Site on Growth and Yield of Pepper Transplants
Authors: Weston Leslie A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Yolo Wonder L’ pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants produced in two locations (Florida and Kentucky) and in flats of five cell sizes were compared for fruit productivity in Kentucky. Transplants grown in large cells in both locations produced greater early yields than those from small cells, but did not produce greater total yields. Transplants grown in Speedling cell size 175 (39.5 cm3) possessed greater height, leaf area, and dry weight at field-setting and produced greater early fruit yields than did plants grown in smaller cells. Transplants grown in Speedling trays in Kentucky, but fertilized differently than those grown in Florida, produced greater early and total yields than Speedling transplants grown in Florida. Sixty-day-old seedlings transplanted into the field produced significantly larger early yields than did those that were 30, 40, or 50 days old.
Fruit Abscission, Fruit Quality, and Residue Levels of Dichlorprop Used to Control Preharvest Drop of Apple
Authors: Marini Richard P. , Byers Ross E. , Sowers Donald , Marini Michele E. , Young Rodney W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five apple (Malus domestica) cultivars were treated with NAA at 10 mg·liter–1 and dichlorprop at 5, 10, and 15 mg·liter–1 during 2 years. Although the response varied with cultivar, NAA generally delayed fruit abscission compared to the control. Preharvest drop was usually reduced by dichlorprop at 5 mg·liter–1 more effectively than by NAA. Preharvest drop of ‘Stayman’, ‘Rome Beauty’, and ‘Winesap’, but not ‘Delicious’, was inversely related to concentration of dichlorprop. Fruit redness, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and starch ratings were not affected consistently at harvest or during storage by any treatment for any cultivar. Residue levels of dichlorprop in the fruit were related to treatment concentration and persisted until harvest. Chemical names used: naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (dichlorprop).
Rootstock Influences Juice Color of ‘Hamlin’ Orange
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. , Bistline Fred W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Juice color of ‘Hamlin’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on 30 rootstocks was determined at three harvests. Late harvest increased color scores. The mean color score over 3 years varied from 34.3 for juice of ‘Hamlin’ on trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and Chu Kag mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) to 33.2 on rough lemon [C. limon (L.) Burm. f.] and 32.9 on sour orange (C. aurantium L.). Scores >35 were found in single years, but no rootstock improved the color above a score of 36, the minimum for Grade A juice.
Interspecific Hybridization in Cuphea
Authors: Ray Dennis T. , Thompson Anson E. , Gathman Allen C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eighteen interspecific hybrids from eight different Cuphea species have been confirmed morphologically and cytologically. Seven hybrids from reciprocal crosses of various accessions of the herbaceous annual C. procumbens (N = 9) and the semiwoody perennial C. llavea (N = 9) exhibited a relatively high degree of fertility. Some hybrids have horticultural potential and are currently undergoing evaluation as new pot or bedding plants. Other hybrids that are sterile due to meiotic irregularities are: C. procumbens (N = 9) × C. crassiflora (N = 12); C. procumbens (N = 9) × C. leptopoda (N = 10); C. procumbens (N = 9) × C. leptopoda (N = 8); C. procumbens (N = 9) × C. lanceolata (N = 6); C. lanceolata (N = 6) × C. llavea (N = 9); C. lanceolata (N = 6) × C. lophostoma (N = 8); C. leptopoda (N = 10) × C. laminuligera (N = 10); C. procumbens (N = 9) × C. caesariata (N = 18); and C. lanceolata (N = 6) × C. caesariata (N = 18). C. leptopoda × C. laminuligera is of considerable interest, because it is the first successful interspecific hybrid between species in different fatty acid groups. A relatively fertile amphidiploid of C. leptopoda × C. laminuligera was induced by colchicine. Seed has been produced by self-pollination of the amphidiploid and attempts are being made to backcross the hybrid to the original parents.
Response of Allium Tissue Cultures to Filtrates of Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Authors: Gourd Julia M. , Southward G. Morris , Phillips Gregory C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Allium cepa L., A. fistulosum L., A. galanthum L., and A. cepa × A. fistulosum reciprocal interspecific hybrids were grown in vitro as calluses, shoots, and plantlets, and exposed to the filtrate of the pink root disease-causing fungus, Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker, and Larson. Tissue culture reponses to the filtrate were assessed by visible damage ratings and fresh weights. Calluses exposed to the filtrate incorporated into the culture medium reflected the degree of whole plant susceptibility among the tester lines. However, in vitro shoot and plantlet culture responses did not reflect this correlation. Filtrate action appeared to be localized in meristematic cells. This in vitro approach may prove useful in screening or selection for onion pink root disease resistance.
Growth and Metabolism of Tomato Roots Grown in Tissue Cultures Held at Various Temperatures
Authors: Janes Harry W. , Chin Chee-Kok , Bachmansky John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The temperature of the root zone can influence tomato growth (3) and yield (1). This probably occurs by altering root sink strength, which, in turn, influences photosynthesis by affecting the RuBP carboxylase activation state (2). Our data further indicated that within certain limits of air temperature (17°–25°C) the optimal root zone temperature for seedling growth is between 27° and 32° (3, 7). However, prolonged growth at 29° resulted in reduced yield (1).
Orange-curd High Carotene Cauliflower Inbreds, NY 156, NY 163, and NY 165
Authors: Dickson Michael H. , Lee C. Y. , Blamble A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The orange curd mutant in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) Snowball’ (1). Orange curd was controlled by a single dominant gene, or, but the intensity of orange color varied in homozygous (OrOr) and heterzygous (Oror) plants, due to modifying genes. Curd of OrOr plants were generally more intense colored than curds of Oror plants. The OrOr plants are stunted, and produce small curds, ≈30 to 40 mm or less in diameter, compared to Oror or oror curd plants, which have curds 150 to 200 mm in diameter.
‘MaryGold’ Muskmelon
Authors: Ng Timothy J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘MaryGold’ is a white-fleshed casaba muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Inodorus group) adapted to the climatic and cultural conditions prevalent in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is andromonoecious and produces oval, bright yellow, medium-sized fruits with a slightly wrinkled rind free of net. It is resistant to race 2 of fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f. melonis (Leach and Currence) Snyder and Hansen] and race 1 and race 2 of powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlect ex Fr.) Poll], It stores well and is suitable for shipping as well as for local markets.
Plant Hormone Research: A Continuing Challenge
Authors: Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I am deeply honored to have been selected to participate in this centennial recognition of the enactment of the Hatch Act signed 100 years ago. I am particularly pleased because my entire educational and professional life has been interwoven with the goals and objectives of this far-reaching concept in agricultural research. Celebrations of this kind, especially centennials, provide opportunities to reflect on accomplishments of the past and to dream of the future.
Rules for Using the International System of Units
Authors: Downs Robert J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Articles concerning the International System of Units have appeared in several plant science journals (4–6, 8, 9, 11). However, a cursory glance through leading American plant science journals, including HortScience and the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, reveals that, while everyone is using the metric system, a large number of authors are not following the rules inherent in the International System of Units, commonly called SI. Metrics without SI is not much improvement over the firkin, barrel, and chain; failure to use the International System of Units simply changes the chaos of units from the fps (foot–pound–second) to the mks (meter–kilogram–second) system. Many examples of irregular units could be cited, including mg CO2·dm–2·hr–1, g H2O·dm–2·hr–1, or their variations µmol CO2·s–1·m–2 and mmol H2O·s–1·m–2. Similar errors are noted in units like MT/ha, µg P/g soil, mg/100 g FW, mg·1000 cc–1, and some rare ones such as ml/kg/hr. It seems reasonable to assume that the authors of the above units are not familiar with SI rules, chiefly because these rules have not been published in journals they customarily read. Therefore, publication of rules to follow when using SI terms should prove a useful addition to Savage's discussion of SI (10) and the efforts of ASHS committees to establish standards for reporting (5, 6).
Survival of Shoot Tips from Mint Species after Short-term Exposure to Cryogenic Conditions
Authors: Towill Leigh E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Excised axillary shoot tips derived from in vitro plants of seven Mentha genotypes were used to develop a cryopreservation procedure. The cryogenic protocol used culture for 1 to 2 days on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium followed by a 1-hr exposure to 12% DMSO in MS medium with IBA at 0.1 mg·liter–1 and BA at 0.5 mg·liter–1. The two step procedure involved cooling at a rate of 0.25°C/min to –35° followed by immersion into liquid nitrogen (LN). Survival of shoot tips was assessed by growth on the same medium without DMSO and ranged from 29% to 100% after exposure to LN. Rapid warming (≈3500° to 40007min) was required to obtain survival. LN-treated shoot tips grew by either elongation of the terminal meristem or by shoot organogenesis from minute callus formed within the apical region. Chemical names used: 1 H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (IBA).
Soil Application of Solubor on ‘Benton’ and ‘Tristar’ Strawberries in a Low Boron Soil
Authors: Riggs Dale I. M. , Martin Lloyd W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A field trial was conducted to determine whether B deficient soils (B at 0.27 µl·liter–1) contribute to low yield and fruit malformation in strawberries. B rates of 0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg·ha–1 were applied to the soil before planting ‘Tristar’ and ‘Benton’ strawberries on 9 Apr. 1985. Soil hot-water extractable B levels in Aug. 1985 were 0.34, 0.53, 0.85, and 1.13 µl·liter–1; leaf B levels were 47, 56, 72, and 102 µl·liter–1, respectively. The effect of B rates on leaf concentration diminished as the season progressed and had no effect the following year. B application had no effect on yield or deformity the first harvest year, but decreased yield of ‘Tristar’ the second harvest year.
Branch Induction by Growth Regulators and Leaf Removal in ‘Delicious’ Apple Nursery Stock
Authors: Popenoe Juanita , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spur-type ‘Delicious’ apple nursery trees do not naturally branch in the nursery. In several experiments during 2 years, combinations of immature leaf removal (LR), BA, and gibberellins 4 + 7 (GA4+7) at 750 and 1000 mg·liter–1 induced lateral shoot formation of Campbell and Mercier strains of ‘Redchief Delicious’ trees in a commercial nursery. Split applications of BA and GA4+7 at 1000 mg·liter–1 induced more and longer branches than simultaneous applications. GA3 did not substitute for GA4+7 in this response. Removing young shoot tip leaves increased branching only when very young leaves were removed during a period of 2 weeks. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine (BA), gibberellin (GA).
Abscisic Acid Facilitates Sucrose Import by Strawberry Fruit Explants and Cortex Disks in Vitro
Authors: Archbold Douglas D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Tristar) fruit explants and tissue disks were used for short term in vitro studies of [14C] sucrose import. An aqueous feeding solution of 50 mm Mes, 10 mm CaCl2, 10 mm EDTA, and 600 mm [14C] sucrose at pH 5.5 resulted in maximum accumulation of sucrose by fruit expiants during 2 hr. Young fruit exhibit the highest sink activity (sucrose imported per mg fruit dry weight), a value that declined as fruit aged. Sink strength (total sucrose accumulated per fruit) was positively correlated to fruit dry weight at 13 to 15 days after pollination. Inclusion of abscisic acid (ABA) in the incubation solution of fruit expiants and cortex disks increased sucrose accumulation 45% and 37%, respectively, above control values.
Inheritance of Resistance to Broad Bean Wilt Virus in Bean
Authors: Provvidenti R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In controlled tests, 110 cultivars (77.5%) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) responded to broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) with a localized infection (resistant), while 32 cultivars (22.5%) reacted with local and systemic infection (susceptible). The majority of susceptible cultivars were of the yellow-podded (wax bean) and red kidney types. In F1, F2, and backcross populations of the BBWV-resistant cultivar Sanilac with the BBWV-susceptible ‘California Light Red Kidney’ (‘CLRK’) resistance to systemic infection was conferred by a single dominant gene, to which the symbol Bbw is assigned. BBWV was not transmitted in 471 ‘CLRK’ seeds derived from severely infected plants.
A Dominant Gene for Thornlessness Obtained from the Chimeral Thornless Loganberry
Authors: Rosati Pasquale , Hall Harvey K. , Jennings Derek L. , Gaggioli Daria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The thornless loganberry is a periclinal chimera in which a mutation for thornlessness apparently is confined to the outer plant layer (L1). Genetic thornless plants were obtained from this clone in Italy by selfing micropropagated plants and in New Zealand by histogenic layer manipulation. In both instances the middle plant layer (L2) apparently had been displaced by the L1 layer, so that the mutant character was transmitted by the gametes. The inheritance of thornlessness in progenies derived from this material has now been studied in Italy, New Zealand, and Scotland. In crosses, the segregation ratios did not fit closely to those expected if thornlessness were conferred by a dominant gene, largely, because thornless segregates were frequently in excess when the thornless parent was female and tended to be deficient when the latter was male. In selfings, the ratios were closer to 2:1 than to 3:1. However, the segregation of a single dominant gene for thornlessness is the most likely explanation of the results and it is proposed that the gene be designated Sfl. The homozygous dominant genotypes probably had a lower viability than the heterozygous ones.
Assessment of Components of Fruit Firmness in Selected Sweet Cherry Genotypes
Authors: Brown Susan K. , Bourne Malcolm C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant differences in total fruit firmness (skin and flesh) and flesh firmness were detected when the Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to perform puncture tests on whole fruit of 29 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and selections. The ratio of flesh firmness to total firmness varied greatly among selections. Selections that were firmer than commercial cultivars were identified. Correlations between the firmness values and soluble solids content, fruit removal force, fruit weight, and the dimensions of the fruit were either small or not significant. The Instron was found to be an effective means of obtaining information on components of firmness in sweet cherry. The ability to assess both total firmness and flesh firmness is important for the selection and evaluation of firmness in breeding.
Air Diffuser for Decreasing Plant Sample Digestion Time
Authors: Paparozzi Ellen T. , McCallister Diane , Hanson Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Commercially available plant digestion units, such as microkjeldahl digesters, often come with an air attachment designed to turbulate air and force out fumes. These air diffusers are used to reduce digestion time. The units attach at the top of the flask and are often digestion-type specific (e.g. microkjeldahl) and expensive (about $850; complete unit with six 30-ml microkjeldahl flasks). Panasiuk and Redshaw (3) developed a series of spiral Pyrex glass reflex columns that effectively condensed rather than removed toxic SO3 fumes. However, this system involves carefully heating and coiling the glass to exact proportions as well as cleaning of the units. This report describes two inexpensive airflow units with disposable parts that are effective for use in test-tube digestion of plant material for elemental analysis.
Transplanting or Seeding in Raised Beds Aids Field Establishment of Some Echinacea Species
Authors: Smith-Jochum Christine , Albrecht Mary Lewnes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three Echinacea spp. were spring-planted by direct-seeding or transplanting into raised or flat beds. Plant height, leaf and flower number, and root and shoot dry weights were compared. Transplanting enhanced establishment for all three species, with no difference between bed preparations. E. angustifolia and E. pallida never emerged when direct-seeded in the spring. Raised beds enhanced the establishment of direct-seeded E. purpurea. Compared to direct-seeding in flat beds, transplanting in raised or flat beds and direct-seeding in raised beds significantly increased root dry weight of E. purpurea.
Nitrogen and Potassium in Nutrient Solution Influence Seedling Growth of Four Vegetable Species
Authors: Tremblay Nicolas , Senécal Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica), celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings were grown in multicells and fertilized with complete nutrient solutions at two N rates (150 or 350 mg·liter−1) and three K rates (50, 200, or 350 mg·liter−1) in factorial combination. Shoot growth of all species was enhanced at higher N rates but root growth decreased. Broccoli leaf area and shoot dry weight increased curvilinearly with K rate with a maximum at 200 mg·liter−1. For celery K rates increased leaf area linearly. The effect of K rates on growth characteristics was generally a function of the N status and differed among species, celery being the least affected. Under the high N rate, maximum percentage of shoot dry matter, root dry weight, and root:shoot dry weight ratio, as well as minimum specific leaf area of broccoli were obtained with the intermediate K rate. Increasing K rates under high N status enhanced both lettuce leaf area and dry matter accumulation. For pepper, this caused leaf expansion and resulted in more succulent plants.
Paclobutrazol Inhibits Growth of Zinnia and Geranium
Authors: Cox Douglas A. , Keever Gary J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Scarlet Ruffles’ zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) and ‘Smash Hit’ geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey) were treated with soil drenches and foliar sprays of paclobutrazol for height control. Single drench applications of 0.5 or 1.0 mg a.i./pot and single spray applications of 250, 500, or 1000 ppm were effective in reducing the height of zinnia. Geranium height was reduced by single drenches of 0.0075 or 0.015 mg a.i./pot and single sprays of 20 or 40 ppm. Higher drench or spray rates resulted in excessive reductions in height and leaf size. Chemical name used: (±)-(R*, R*)-β([4-chlorophenyl]methyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Ethephon and Kinetin Reduce Shoot Length and Increase Flower Bud Formation in Lychee
Authors: Chen Wen-Shaw , Ku Mei-Lan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the market price of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has dropped steeply in the “on” year, depressing the incomes of farmers. If the flowering could be controlled, the problem could be alleviated. Normally flower bud formation of ‘Heh Yeh’ lychee occurs in late November and panicles emerge in mid-January of the next year. Nakata (3) and others obtained a flowering response in lychee with various concentrations of sodium naphthaleneacetate (SNA). Nakata indicated that blossoming of lychee in Hawaii is favored by dry autumn months followed by substantial rainfall from December to February. Under these conditions, SNA appeared to inhibit vegetative growth, which was a prerequisite for floral initiation. Attempts to induce flower bud formation with SNA and other chemical treatments have not been successful in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon and kinetin on shoot growth and flower bud formation of field-grown lychee in Taiwan.
Response of Tibouchina to Chlormequat, Paclobutrazol, and Fertilizer
Authors: Roberts Christia M. , Eaton George W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tibouchina urvilleana is a flowering tropical shrub with large (60–80 mm diameter) violet-blue flowers borne in terminal branched panicles. The foliage is downy with red margins. Tibouchina blooms from mid-summer into late fall. The shrub withstands “a few degrees of frost” (1). Tibouchina has potential for wider use although container production has been limited since severe pruning is required to maintain its shape. Growth retardants may aid in commercial production of compact Tibouchina plants.
Evaluation of a Ceramic-impregnated Plastic Film as a Postharvest Wrap
Authors: Joyce Daryl C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) and Geraldton wax flower (Chamelaucium uncinatum cv. Purple Pride), two ethylene-sensitive commodities (1, 2), were used in a postharvest evaluation of a novel plastic film (BO film) claimed to sorb ethylene. BO film (Odja Shoji Co., Ltd.) is low density polyethylene (LDPE) extruded with a finely divided ceramic (crystburite). The BO film was compared with a conventional high density polyethylene film (HDPE). The 15-µm HDPE film had water vapor, O2 and CO2 transmission characteristics of 3.3 g·m−2, 4500 cm3·m−2, and 15,000 cm3·m−2 per 24 hr at 25° C (D. Jesaveluk, personal communication). Permeability values for the 50-µm BO film were not available; however, constituent 50-µm LDPE film has transmission characteristics of 2 g·m−2, 2100 cm3·m−2 and 6700 cm3·m−2 per 24 hr, respectively. Satchels of coarsely ground ceramic (Cerasutora A, ≈38g) were also tested for their ability to preserve postharvest quality.
‘McShay’ Apple
Authors: Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Thompson Maxine M. , Janick Jules , Williams Edwin B. , Emerson Frank H. , Korban Safi S. , Dayton Daniel F. , Hough L. Fredric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘McShay’ is an attractive, excellent quality apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) with field immunity to apple scab. The fruit is similar in color, flavor, and texture to ‘McIntosh’. ‘McShay’ is named in honor of the late J. Ralph Shay and is a late fall dessert apple well-adapted to Oregon's Willamette Valley. ‘McShay’ is the ninth cultivar to be released by the cooperative apple breeding program of Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations.
Fanny R. Wilkinson; The First Woman Member of ASHS
Authors: Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first volume of the Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science, which includes the Preliminary Meeting, Boston, Mass., 9–10 Sept. 1903; the First Meeting, St. Louis, 28–29 Dec. 1903; and the Second Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, 27–28 Dec. 1904; contains a list of Members for 1903–4 and 1905. Miss Fanny R. Wilkinson with the address Hor't College, Swanley, Kent, England, is one of five foreign Members listed in 1905—the other four being Ed Andre, Paris, France; Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, London, England (both honorary members); W.T. Macoun, Canada; and Dr. L. Wittmach, Berlin, Germany.