bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physiologic responses to a fluid bolus administration in old and young healthy adults
Authors: Cunningham Cordell , Tapking Christian , Salter Michael , Seeton Roger , Kramer George C. , Prough Donald S. , Sheffield-Moore Melinda , Kinsky Michael P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Organ function is known to decline with age. Optimizing cardiac, pulmonary and renal function in older adults has led to significant improvements in perioperative care. However, when substantial blood loss and fluid shifts occur, perioperative outcomes still remains poor, especially in older adults. We suspect that this could be due to age-related changes in endothelial function—an organ controlling the transport of fluid and solutes. The capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) is an important determinant of fluid transport. The CFC can be measured in vivo, which provides a tool to estimate endothelial barrier function. We have previously shown that the CFC increases when giving a fluid bolus resulting in increased vascular and extravascular volume expansion, in young adults. This study aimed to compare the physiologic determinants of fluid distribution in young versus older adults so that clinicians can best optimize perioperative fluid therapy.

Methods
Ten healthy young volunteers (ages 21–35) and nine healthy older volunteers (ages 60–75) received a 10 mL/kg fluid bolus over the course of twenty minutes. Hemodynamics, systolic and diastolic heart function, fluid volumetrics and microcirculatory determinants were measured before, during, and after the fluid bolus.

Results
Diastolic function was reduced in older versus younger adults before and after fluid bolus (P < 0.01). Basal CFC and plasma oncotic pressure were lower in the older versus younger adults. Further, CFC did not increase in older adults following the fluid bolus, whereas it did in younger adults (p < 0.05). Cumulative urinary output, while lower in older adults, was not significantly different (p = 0.059). Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were elevated in the older versus younger adults (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Older adults show a less reactive CFC to a fluid bolus, which could reduce blood to tissue transport of fluid. Diastolic dysfunction likely contributes to fluid maldistribution in older adults.
The efficacy of family treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa in specialist versus non-specialist settings: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hambleton Ashlea , Aouad Phillip , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Le Grange Daniel , Touyz Stephen , Maguire Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is often diagnosed in adolescence, and most evidence-based treatments for AN in young people involve the family. Family therapies for AN are intensive, outpatient treatments that utilise the parents as the primary resource in the young person’s recovery. Research regarding family treatment for AN is often conducted in specialist settings—with relatively little data reporting the translation of this specialised treatment into real-world, non-specialist settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of family treatments for adolescents with AN in specialist settings versus non-specialist settings.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Retrospective cohort studies, pilot studies, case series, randomised controlled trials and qualitative investigations that present original data and investigated the efficacy of family treatments for adolescents with AN in either a specialist or non-specialist setting will be included in the review. Data will be extracted by two reviewers and study quality will be assessed. The primary outcome, change in weight, will be used to determine via meta-analysis and, depending on study heterogeneity, subgroup analysis or meta-regression whether there is a statistically significant subgroup difference between specialist and non-specialist treatment settings. The review will also consider changes in eating disorder symptomology and related constructs.

Discussion
Results from this review will help determine if there is a difference in the efficacy of family treatments for adolescent AN in specialist versus non-specialist treatment settings, primarily in relation to weight recovery. This, in turn, will inform the translation of evidence-based interventions that are generally studied and implemented within specialist centres into the non-specialist health care system.
Raising capital amid economic policy uncertainty: an empirical investigation
Authors: Ashraf Dawood , Khawaja Mohsin , Bhatti M. Ishaq 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how economic policy uncertainty affects firms’ frequency and their choice of financial instruments to raise capital. By applying a three-step sequential framework over a sample of 6834 publicly listed US non-financial firms, we find that during periods of high economic uncertainty, firms raise capital more frequently with a preference toward debt financing. The empirical findings suggest that firms prefer debt financing over equity financing to avoid ownership dilution and high equity premia. The rise in leverage during periods of high economic uncertainty highlights the importance of scrutinizing policy tools used to stabilize the economy during such times.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychotropic medication uptake: time-series analysis of a population-wide cohort
Authors: Maguire Aideen , Kent Lisa , O'Neill Siobhan , O'Hagan Denise , O'Reilly Dermot 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns were predicted to have a major impact on mental health, however current studies have produced contradictory findings with limited longitudinal data.AimsNine years of linked, individual-level administrative data were used to examine changes in psychotropic medication uptake before and during the pandemic.MethodMedication data from a population-wide prescribing database were linked to demographic and socioeconomic indicators from healthcare registration records (n= 1 801 860). Monthly prescription uptake was split (pre-restrictions: January 2012 to February 2020 and during restrictions: March to October 2020). Auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were trained in R taking into consideration trends and seasonal effects. Forecast (‘expected’) monthly values were compared with ‘actual’ values, stratified by demographic factors.ResultsOver the study period 38.5% of the study population were in receipt of ≥1 psychotropic medication. Uptake of these medications have been following a strong upward trend since January 2012. In March 2020 uptake of all medications increased beyond expected values, returning to expected trends from May 2020 for antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotics. In the 8 months during restrictions uptake of hypnotic medication was 12% higher than expected among those <18 years, and anxiolytic medication higher than expected in those >65 years.ConclusionsResults suggest an initial ‘stockpiling’ of medications in March 2020 before trends mostly returned to expected levels. The anticipated tsunami of mental ill health is not yet manifest in psychotropic medication uptake. There are indications of increased anxiety and sleep difficulties in some subgroups, although these conditions may resolve as we emerge from the pandemic without need for psychiatric intervention.
Metabolic Factors Predict Changes in Endothelial Function During the Early Course of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zaharia Oana Patricia , Schön Martin , Löffler Luca , Strassburger Klaus , Möser Clara , Yurchenko Iryna , Bódis Kálmán , Antoniou Sofia , Karusheva Yanislava , Szendroedi Julia , Burkart Volker , Roden Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Endothelial dysfunction may occur early in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, it remains often underestimated and studies rarely discriminate between diabetes types. We have examined endothelial function and its determinants during the early course of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Caucasian participants of the prospective German Diabetes Study (GDS) with known diabetes duration &lt;1 year (n = 398) or without diabetes, but of similar age, body mass index (BMI) and sex distribution (n = 109), underwent measurements of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD). Whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value) was assessed by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps and physical fitness (VO2max) by spiroergometry. A subset of individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (n = 108) was re-evaluated after 5 years.

Results
At baseline, neither FMD nor NMD differed between people with diabetes and the matched glucose-tolerant groups. At the 5-year follow-up, decline in FMD (–13.9%, P = .013) of persons with type 2 diabetes was independent of age, sex, and BMI, but associated with baseline adipose tissue insulin resistance and indices of liver fibrosis. The M-value decreased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups by 24% and 15% (both P &lt; .001, respectively) over 5 years. Higher HbA1c, lower M-value, and lower VO2max at baseline was associated with lower FMD in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion
Endothelial function decreases during the early course of type 2 diabetes. In addition to age and BMI, insulin sensitivity at diagnosis was the best predictor of progressive impairment in endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
Caffeine Increases Endurance Performance via Changes in Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability
Authors: CRISTINA-SOUZA GISLAINE , SANTOS PAMELA SOUZA , SANTOS-MARIANO ANA CARLA , COELHO DANIEL BOARI , RODACKI ANDRE , DE-OLIVEIRA FERNANDO ROBERTO , BISHOP DAVID J. , BERTUZZI ROMULO , LIMA-SILVA ADRIANO EDUARDO 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caffeine would increase endurance performance via attenuation of neural and muscular determinants of performance fatigability during high-intensity, whole-body exercise.

Methods
Ten healthy males cycled until exhaustion (89% ± 2% of V̇O2max) after the ingestion of caffeine or placebo. During another four visits, the same exercise was performed after either caffeine or placebo ingestion but with exercise discontinued after completing either 50% or 75% of the duration of placebo trial. An additional trial with caffeine ingestion was also performed with interruption at the placebo time to exhaustion (isotime). Performance fatigability was measured via changes in maximal voluntary contraction, whereas neural and muscular determinants of performance fatigability were quantified via preexercise to postexercise decrease in quadriceps voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated twitch force, respectively.

Results
Compared with the placebo, caffeine increased time to exhaustion (+14.4 ± 1.6%, P = 0.017, 314.4 ± 47.9 vs 354.9 ± 40.8 s). Caffeine did not change the rate of decline in maximal voluntary contraction (P = 0.209), but caffeine reduced the twitch force decline at isotime when stimulating at single twitch (−58.6 ± 22.4 vs −45.7 ± 21.9%, P = 0.014) and paired 10 Hz electrical stimuli (−37.3 ± 13.2 vs −28.2 ± 12.9%, P = 0.025), and reduced the amplitude of electromyography signal during cycling at isotime (P = 0.034). The decline in VA throughout the trial was lower (P = 0.004) with caffeine (−0.5 ± 4.2%) than with placebo (−5.8 ± 8.5%). Caffeine also maintained peripheral oxygen saturation at higher levels (95.0 ± 1.9%) than placebo (92.0 ± 6.2%, P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Caffeine ingestion improves performance during high-intensity, whole-body exercise via attenuation of exercise-induced reduction in VA and contractile function.
Towards effective clinical decision support systems: A systematic review
Authors: Hak Francini , Guimarães Tiago , Santos Manuel 
Published: August 2022

Background
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are used to assist the decision-making process in the healthcare field. Developing an effective CDSS is an arduous task that can take advantage from prior assessment of the most promising theories, techniques and methods used at the present time.

Objective
To identify the features of Clinical Decision Support Systems and provide an analysis of their effectiveness. Thus, two research questions were formulated: RQ1—What are the most common trend characteristics in a CDSS? RQ2—What is the maturity level of the CDSS based on the decision-making theory proposed by Simon?

Methods
AIS e-library, Decision Support Systems journal, Nature, PlosOne and PubMed were selected as information sources to conduct this systematic literature review. Studies from 2000 to 2020 were chosen covering search terms in CDSS, selected according to defined eligibility criteria. The data were extracted and managed in a worksheet, based on the defined criteria. PRISMA statements were used to report the systematic review.

Results
The outcomes showed that rule-based module was the most used approach regarding knowledge management and representation. The most common technological feature adopted by the CDSS were the recommendations and suggestions. 19,23% of studies adopt the type of system as a web-based application, and 51,92% are standalone CDSS. Temporal evolution was also possible to visualize. This study contributed to the development of a Maturity Staging Model, where it was possible to verify that most CDSS do not exceed level 2 of maturity.

Conclusion
The trend characteristics addressed in the revised CDSS were identified, compared to the four predefined groups. A maturity stage model was developed based on Simon’s decision-making theory, allowing to assess the level of maturity of the most common features of the CDSS. With the application of the model, it was noticed that the phases of choice and implementation are underrepresented. This constitutes the main gap in the development of an effective CDSS.
Determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome in Northern Red Sea region, Eritrea
Authors: Araia Zenawi Zeramariam , Kibreab Fitsum , Kibrom Abiel Abraham , Mebrahtu Amanuel Hadgu , Girmatsion Michael Goitom , Teklehiwet Yonatan Woldu , Mesfin Araia Berhane 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEritrea has achieved the global target (90%) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate. Though, events of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes (death, treatment failure, lost to follow up and not evaluated) could lead to further TB transmission and the development of resistant strains. Hence, factors related to these events should be explored and addressed. This study aims to fill the gap in evidence by identifying the determinants of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in Eritrea’s Northern Red Sea region.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in Eritrea’s Northern Red Sea region. Data collected using a data extraction tool was analyzed using Stata version 13. Frequencies, proportions, median and standard deviations were used to describe the data. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the risk factors for unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) presented and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong 1227 TB patients included in this study, 9.6% had unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, TB cases 55–64 years old (AOR: 2.75[CI: 1.21–6.32], p = 0.016) and those ≥ 65 years old (AOR: 4.02[CI: 1.72–9.45], p = 0.001) had 2.7 and 4 times higher likelihood of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome respectively. In addition, HIV positive TB patients (AOR: 5.13[CI: 1.87–14.06], p = 0.002) were 5 times more likely to have unsuccessful TB treatment outcome. TB treatment in Ghindae Regional Referral Hospital (AOR: 5.01[2.61–9.61], p < 0.001), Massawa Hospital (AOR: 4.35[2.28–8.30], p< 0.001) and Nakfa Hospital (AOR: 2.53[1.15–5.53], p = 0.021) was associated with 5, 4 and 2.5 higher odds of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome respectively.ConclusionIn this setting, old age, HIV co-infection and health facility were the independent predictors of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome.
What does a receptive bilingual understand? Evidence from Polish as a heritage language in Germany
Authors: Anstatt Tanja , Mikić Ursula 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Our study explores the field of receptive bilingualism, a highly common phenomenon with respect to heritage languages—one that, despite its commonness, has been analyzed by few studies. We collected data from 10 receptive bilinguals of Polish as a heritage language in Germany, including data from interviews regarding language biographies, a battery of tests on language comprehension skills, and a single-word production task. The main focus of our study was the analysis of the receptive abilities of our 10 participants, with a specific emphasis on their level of listening comprehension of spoken text. We conducted an explorative correlation analysis with respect to the interrelation of listening comprehension with other parameters, such as single-word comprehension, sentence comprehension, single-word production, and the language choice of the participants’ parents. The results indicate that all participants coped well with spoken texts up to level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). There was great variance in performance at levels B2 and C1, with some of the participants still performing very well. Their performance at levels B2 and C1 strongly correlated with the number of direct address instances in Polish by the parents during childhood and with single-word comprehension. Furthermore, the word production task generated the lowest outcomes of all tests, thus revealing a wide gap between receptive and productive abilities. Interestingly, the results of the word production task did not correlate with those pertaining to the listening comprehension of texts at levels B2 and C1. This finding underscores the fact that productive skills do not constitute a valid indicator of receptive abilities. In summary, our results demonstrate the special quality of receptive bilingualism and the need to avoid underestimating this specific status (e. g., in language classes).
Impact of the AAP Guideline on Management of Brief Resolved Unexplained Events
Authors: Patra Kamakshya P. , Hall Matthew , DeLaroche Amy M. , Tieder Joel S. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES
In May 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) defining apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) as brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) and recommending risk-based management. We analyzed the association of CPG publication on admission rate, diagnostic testing, treatment, cost, length of stay (LOS), and revisits in patients with BRUE.

METHODS
Using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, we studied patients discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of ALTE/BRUE from January 2012 to December 2019. We grouped encounters into 2 time cohorts on the basis of discharge date: preguideline (January 2012–January 2016) and postguideline (July 2016–December 2019). We used interrupted time series to test if the CPG publication was associated with level change and change in slope for each metric.

RESULTS
The study included 27 941 hospitalizations for ALTE/BRUE from 36 hospitals. There was an early decrease in 12 diagnostic tests that the CPG strongly recommended against. There was a positive change in the use of electrocardiogram (+3.5%, P &lt; .001), which is recommended by CPG. There was a significant reduction in admissions (−13.7%, P &lt; .001), utilization of medications (−8.3%, P &lt; .001), cost (−$1146.8, P &lt; .001), and LOS (−0.2 days, P &lt; .001), without a change in the revisit rates. In the postguideline period, there were an estimated 2678 admissions avoided out of 12 508 encounters.

CONCLUSIONS
Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics BRUE CPG was associated with substantial reductions in testing, utilization of medications, admission rates, cost, and LOS, without a change in the revisit rates.
Text Message Reminders for the Second Dose of Influenza Vaccine for Children: An RCT
Authors: Stockwell Melissa S. , Shone Laura P. , Nekrasova Ekaterina , Wynn Chelsea , Torres Alessandra , Griffith Miranda , Shults Justine , Unger Rebecca , Ware Leigh Ann , Kolff Chelsea , Harris Donna , Berrigan Lindsay , Montague Heather , Localio A. Russell , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Among children requiring 2 influenza doses in a given season, second dose receipt nearly halves the odds of influenza. Nationally, many children do not receive both needed doses. This study sought to compare the effectiveness of text message reminders with embedded interactive educational information versus usual care on receipt and timeliness of the second dose of influenza vaccine.

METHODS
This trial took place over the 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 influenza seasons among 50 pediatric primary care offices across 24 states primarily from the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Pediatric Research in Office Settings practice-based research network. Caregiver-child dyads of children 6 months to 8 years in need of a second influenza vaccination that season were individually randomized 1:1 into intervention versus usual care, stratified by age and language within each practice. Intervention caregivers received automated, personalized text messages, including educational information. Second dose receipt by April 30 (season end) and by day 42 (2 weeks after second dose due date) were assessed using Mantel Haenszel methods by practice and language. Analyses were intention to treat.

RESULTS
Among 2086 dyads enrolled, most children were 6 to 23 months and half publicly insured. Intervention children were more likely to receive a second dose by season end (83.8% versus 80.9%; adjusted risk difference (ARD) 3.8%; 95% confidence interval [0.1 to 7.5]) and day 42 (62.4% versus 55.7%; ARD 8.3% [3.6 to 13.0]).

CONCLUSIONS
In this large-scale trial of primary care pediatric practices across the United States, text message reminders were effective in promoting increased and timelier second dose influenza vaccine receipt.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HYPERTENSION, GENETIC AND DEGREE OF SMOKING WITH THE INCIDENCE OF COPD AT HAJI PUBLIC HOSPITAL SURABAYA
Authors: Pertiwi Maharani Dyah , Martini Santi , Artanti Kurnia Dwi , Widati Sri 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a limitation of the inflow and outflow of air caused by inflammation of the inhaled toxin. The incidence of COPD continues to increase every year, and is predicted to be the highest cause of death in the next 10 years. This study aimed to analyze risk factors for the history of hypertension, genetic, and smoking degree with COPD in patients at Haji Public Hospital Surabaya 2019. Methods: This type of research used analytic observational research with a case-control research design. The research sample used simple random sampling. Variables used include hypertension history, smoking degree, and genetic. Result: The results of the Chi-Square statistical analysis were male sex at risk with COPD (OR: 14.7; 95% CI: 6.28-34.5); Age> 40 years at risk with COPD (Odds Ratio (OR): 116.8; 95% CI: 15.2-898.4; history of hypertension at risk with COPD (Odds Ratio (OR): 2,512; 95% CI: 1.99-3.16; smoking degree at risk with COPD (high degree OR: 60.95; 95% CI: 7.65-470.3; moderate degree OR: 31.3; 95% CI: 3.85-254.6; low degree OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 1.45-25.6) and smoking behavior (OR: 21.9; 95% CI: 7.71-62.271). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the variables which are risk factors for COPD are male sex, age> 40 years, history of hypertension, smoking behavior and degree of smoking. Recommendations based on the results of this study are expected that the community can be familiarized with a clean and healthy lifestyle so that the incidence of COPD can be reduced.