bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of parameter-estimation precision by parity-time symmetric operation
Authors: Xu Lan , Wang Qiong , He Zhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate precision of phase estimation without and with decoherence using a non-Hermitian operation, i.e. parity-time (

) symmetric operation. We derive the exact expressions of the optimal quantum Fisher information (QFI) and success probability of phase estimation for an exactly solving model consisting of a qubit interacting with a structured reservoir. Special attention is paid to the two schemes, i.e. pre-and post-

symmetric operations, to show the performance of

symmetric operation on QFI dynamics. By investigation, we find that pre-

symmetric operator process could completely eliminate the effect of decoherence to improve the parameters estimation, while with the help of the post-

symmetric operator process can potentially enhance and preserve the QFI by choosing appropriate non-Hermitian operator parameters.
Successive approximation register ADC single event effects protection and evaluation
Authors: Sanches B. , Bregant M. , Hernandez H. , van Noije W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work analyses seven different alternatives to implement an ADC based on the successive approximation register (SAR) architecture. The influence of the encoding is taken into account while evaluating the importance of its reset approach. Different protection strategies against single event upsets are addressed, including the comparison of per block and per cell triplication. All versions of the SAR were designed and prototyped in the TSMC 130 nm technology. The die was packaged in an open window QFN64 and irradiated at the LAFN Pelletron particle accelerator, which revealed the impact of the encoding and reset choices in the block cross-section showing improvements of more than a thousand times.
Fish-inspired segment models for undulatory steady swimming
Authors: Akanyeti Otar , Di Santo Valentina , Goerig Elsa , Wainwright Dylan K , Liao James C , Castro-Santos Theodore , Lauder George V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many aquatic animals swim by undulatory body movements and understanding the diversity of these movements could unlock the potential for designing better underwater robots. Here, we analyzed the steady swimming kinematics of a diverse group of fish species to investigate whether their undulatory movements can be represented using a series of interconnected multi-segment models, and if so, to identify the key factors driving the segment configuration of the models. Our results show that the steady swimming kinematics of fishes can be described successfully using parsimonious models, 83% of which had fewer than five segments. In these models, the anterior segments were significantly longer than the posterior segments, and there was a direct link between segment configuration and swimming kinematics, body shape, and Reynolds number. The models representing eel-like fishes with elongated bodies and fishes swimming at high Reynolds numbers had more segments and less segment length variability along the body than the models representing other fishes. These fishes recruited their anterior bodies to a greater extent, initiating the undulatory wave more anteriorly. Two shape parameters, related to axial and overall body thickness, predicted segment configuration with moderate to high success rate. We found that head morphology was a good predictor of its segment length. While there was a large variation in head segments, the length of tail segments was similar across all models. Given that fishes exhibited variable caudal fin shapes, the consistency of tail segments could be a result of an evolutionary constraint tuned for high propulsive efficiency. The bio-inspired multi-segment models presented in this study highlight the key bending points along the body and can be used to decide on the placement of actuators in fish-inspired robots, to model hydrodynamic forces in theoretical and computational studies, or for predicting muscle activation patterns during swimming.
An investigation on the effect of curing conditions on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the geopolymer concrete
Authors: Chouksey Arti , Verma Manvendra , Dev Nirendra , Rahman Ibadur , Upreti Kamal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete represents the future of green and sustainable concrete. It has a large impact on the construction industry owing to its better performance than that of conventional Portland cement concrete. This study aimed to identify the effect of curing conditions on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of specimens using ambient curing and oven-curing. In the experimental analysis, we tested slump and setting time for physical properties, density and drying shrinkage for chemical properties, compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, Poisson’s ratio, and elastic modulus for mechanical properties, rebound strength, and UPVT for nondestructive and x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis for microstructural analysis. After the experimental analysis, it was concluded that the density, Poisson’s ratio, and dry shrinkage were higher for ambient-cured specimens than for oven-cured specimens, whereas the compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and elastic modulus of oven-cured specimens were higher than those of ambient-cured specimens. The nondestructive tests, rebound tests, and UPVT show that the oven-cured specimens are better in quality and strength than the ambient cured specimens. In microstructural analysis, x-ray diffraction showed that the oven-cured specimens had a lower intensity of mineral oxides than the ambient-cured specimens in microstructural analysis. The matrix of the ambient-cured specimens was thermally stable up to 800 °C and retained 92% of its original mass, whereas the matrix of the oven-cured specimens retained 94% of its mass up to 800 °C in the thermogravimetric analysis.
Tribological properties of (Ti, Al)N films with different Al/Ti atomic ratios deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu Xiansheng , Li Hongtao , Zhang Chao , Jiang Bailing , Shi Jing , Chang Shiye , Zhu Runkun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Magnetron sputtering was used to deposit (Ti, Al)N films with different Al/Ti atomic ratios by changing the current of the Al target and to study their tribological properties. The phase composition, microstructure and elemental distribution of films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The influence of the ratio between Al and Ti atoms on the tribological properties and the mechanical properties of the films was analyzed. The conclusions showed that there was a tendency for films to shift from the crystalline to the amorphous state as the Al/Ti atomic ratio increases. Herein, changes in film microhardness were related to the substitution relationship between Ti atoms and Al atoms. Especially, when the Al/Ti atomic ratio was 0.54, coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate were the lowest. Compared with TiN film, (Ti, Al)N films have higher microhardness due to the solid solution hardening caused by the substitution between Al and Ti atoms to produce lattice distortion. These factors make films have excellent tribology performance.
Joint non-negative matrix factorization for community structures detection in signed networks
Authors: Zhang Zhong-Yuan , Yan Chao , Cheng Hui-Min , Liu Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Community structures detection in signed networks is crucial for understanding not only the topology structures of signed networks but also the functions of them, such as information diffusion, epidemic spreading, etc. In this article, we develop a joint non-negative matrix factorization model to detect community structures. Also, we propose a modified partition density to evaluate the quality of community structures, and use it to determine the appropriate number of communities. Finally, the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated based on both synthetic and real-world networks.
Infection with different human influenza A subtypes affects the period of susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in ferrets
Authors: Mifsud Edin J , Farrukee Rubaiyea , Hurt Aeron C , Reading Patrick C , Barr Ian G 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well-established that influenza virus infections predispose individuals to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs), which may result in a range of clinical outcomes from relatively mild (e.g. sinusitis and otitis media) to severe (e.g. pneumonia and septicaemia). The most common bacterial pathogen associated with SBI following influenza virus infections is Streptococcus pneumoniae(SPN). Of circulating human seasonal influenza viruses, influenza A viruses (IAV) of both the A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) subtypes are associated with severe disease but have differing hospitalisation and complication rates. To study the interplay of these two IAV subtypes with SBI, we used a ferret model of influenza infection followed by secondary challenge with a clinical strain of SPN to determine the severity and the period of susceptibility for SBI. Ferrets challenged with SPN 5 days after infection with A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses developed severe disease that required euthanasia. When the time between viral infection and bacterial challenge was extended, A/H1N1pdm09-infected animals remained susceptible to SBI- for up to 10 days after the viral infection. For A(H3N2)- but not A(H1N1)pdm09-infected ferrets, susceptibility to SBI-associated disease could be extended out to 16 days postviral infection. While caution should be taken when extrapolating animal models to human infections, the differences between A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 strains in duration of susceptibility to SBI observed in the ferret model, may provide some insight regarding the higher rates of SBI-associated disease associated with some strains of A(H3N2) viruses in humans.
Amino Acid Availability Is Not Essential for Life-Span Extension by Dietary Restriction in the Fly
Authors: Gautrey Sarah L , Simons Mirre J P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most potent ways to extend health and life span. Key progress in understanding the mechanisms of DR, and aging more generally, was made when dietary protein, and more specifically essential amino acids (EAA), were identified as the dietary component to restrict to obtain DR’s health and life-span benefits. This role of dietary amino acids has influenced work on aging mechanisms, especially in nutrient sensing, for example, Target of Rapamycin and insulin(-like) signaling networks. Experimental biology in Drosophila melanogaster has been instrumental in generating and confirming the hypothesis that EAA availability is important in aging. Here, we expand on previous work testing the involvement of EAA in DR through large-scale (N = 6 238) supplementation experiments across 4 diets and 2 genotypes in female flies. Surprisingly, we find that EAA are not essential to DR’s life-span benefits. Importantly, we do identify the fecundity benefits of EAA supplementation suggesting the supplemented EAA were bioavailable. Furthermore, we find that the effects of amino acids on life span vary by diet and genetic line studied and that at our most restricted diet fecundity is constrained by other nutrients than EAA. We suggest that DR for optimal health is a concert of nutritional effects, orchestrated by genetic, dietary, and other environmental interactions. Our results question the universal importance of amino acid availability in the biology of aging and DR.
Resolution Feedback: The United Nations Special Conferences in the 1990s and the Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Adachi Kaori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is a broad consensus that existing and preexisting international institutions matter in shaping the design of new international institutions. Previous research has focused on international institutions with binding obligations, with limited understanding of nonbinding agreements such as United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions. This study explores how the existing UNGA resolutions affect the design of subsequent UNGA resolutions focusing on the case of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs were presented to the UNGA as a nonbinding agreement consisting of targets found verbatim in the Millennium Declaration that had unanimously been adopted by the UNGA. However, the UNGA continued debating and eventually revised the MDGs. To identify the reason that the MDGs did not obtain immediate approval, this study borrows insights from historical institutionalism. It suggests that policy feedback at the international level could be a mechanism through which prior UNGA resolutions constrained the design of the MDGs. Through an investigation of the history of nongovernmental organization (NGO) involvement in UN decision-making and UNGA official records related to the MDGs, it demonstrates that UNGA resolutions adopted in the 1990s empowered NGOs and motivated them to make the MDGs comprehensively reflect the agreements from the 1990s. The findings indicate that policy feedback could occur at the international level involving NGOs that pursue their goals across borders. Providing resources, international agreements could strengthen the capacities of NGOs and enhance their influence in international politics.
Eva Augusta Vescelius: Life and Music Career Before 1900
Authors: Sevcik Emily E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Eva Augusta Vescelius was a prominent woman who contributed to the development of music therapy practice in the United States. From the turn of the twentieth century, she worked to establish the use of music for health, starting with her first public paper presentation in 1900. Vescelius was the first known person in the United States to collectively experiment on the effects of music and health, establish a music therapy practice, found the first music therapy association, and disseminate the first journal dedicated to music therapy. Little is known about Vescelius’s lifetime of experiences before 1900 that contributed to her mark on the development of music therapy. Furthermore, the dominant historical narrative of the professionalization process of music therapy in the United States, which was formally organized nearly a half a century after Vescelius began advocating, has not fully considered the contributions of Vescelius and other founding women. The purpose of this historical study was to expand knowledge about Vescelius’s life before 1900 and what contributed to her career transition as a professional vocalist. The analysis of primary and secondary sources contributed to the development of the presented biography. Results demonstrate the viability of historical research across the entire continuum of music therapy development and provide an expanded narrative of an important female founder. Ongoing historical research about founding women music therapists is needed in order to counter the existing dominant historical narrative that Vescelius and other women before 1950 minimally contributed to the development of music therapy.
Infected cephalhaematoma causing osteomyelitis: case report and literature review
Authors: Baig Mirza Asfand , Boardman Timothy , Ashworth Samantha , Al-Faiadh Wisam , Ahmed Razna , Lavrador José Pedro , Maratos Eleni , Chandler Chris , Bleil Cristina , Zebian Bassel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Infected cephalhaematomas are rare and can lead to complications such as sepsis, meningitis and osteomyelitis. We present an infected cephalhaematoma in a neonate with resultant underlying osteomyelitis and a review of the literature. Our patient presented 6 days following birth with a fever and a swelling consistent with cephalhaematoma. He was managed with intravenous antibiotics and early surgical intervention. Imaging demonstrated underlying osteomyelitis. The patient made a full recovery and was discharged home on completing his antibiotic course. On reviewing the literature, it is clear that early diagnosis and treatment with surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy are associated with improved outcome and can reduce the possibility of osteomyelitis developing.
The centre cannot hold: Arrival, margins, and the politics of ambivalence introduction to ‘arrival at the margins’, a special issue of migration studies
Authors: Iskander Natasha , Landau Loren B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This special issue calls on scholars to simultaneously centre and unsettle the margin: to recognise the multiplicity of margins as politically generative spaces, frequently contoured by sustained and varied forms of mobility. Taken together, the studies collected in this volume are a call to view margins as vital socio-political spaces and objects of study. They are created, transformed, or maintained through interactions among the multiple ethnic, political, or religious groups within it but also through connections to allies, families, and interlocutors elsewhere that people in the margins draw in. Powerful states, corporations, and other play a role, but the contributors do not presume they are the most significant force at play. To be sure, margins can reflect liminality and suspension, but they are also sites of contentious politics. As space–time compression, multi-localism, economic precarity, and political fragmentation continue apace, margins are decreasingly discrete spaces between, but are instead spaces where lives are made. As sites that help structure engagements among groups—and sometimes within the groups themselves—appear and fade, margins take on varied levels of significance as contestations and convivialities take shape and transform. They are multiple, often intersecting, sometimes geographic and formally demarcated, sometimes largely invisible or unspoken but no less powerful. And they can be anywhere.
Mg(OH)2 nanosheets on Ti with immunomodulatory function for orthopedic applications
Authors: He Yue , Yao Mengyu , Zhou Jielong , Xie Juning , Liang Changxiang , Yin Dong , Huang Shuaihao , Zhang Yu , Peng Feng , Cheng Shi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMacrophages play a vital role for guiding the fate of osteogenesis- related cells. It is well known that nano-topography and bioactive ions can directly enhance osteogenic behavior. However, the effects of nano-structure combined with bioactive ions release on macrophage polarization and the following osteogenesis and angiogenesis are rarely reported. Herein, Mg(OH)2 films with nano-sheet structures were constructed on the surface of Ti using hydrothermal treatment. The film presented nano-sheet topography and sustained release of Mg ions. The results of in vitro culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), including PCR, western blot and flow cytometry suggested that the nano-Mg(OH)2 films were more favorable for macrophages polarizing to tissue healing M2 phenotype. Moreover, air-pouch model confirmed that the nano-Mg(OH)2 film coated Ti would induce milder inflammation and thinner fibrous layer in vivo, compared with untreated Ti. Furthermore, macrophages-conditioned culture mediums were collected from nano-Mg(OH)2 coated Ti group was superior for the osteogenic behaviors of mice bone marrow stem cells and the angiogenic behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. With harmonious early inflammatory response and subsequently improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis, the nano-Mg(OH)2 coated Ti is promising for orthopedic applications.
MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD v WYETH LLC
Authors:   Patents Court
Published: April 2022

Abstract
H1 Patents — European patents — Vaccines — Formulations — Use of surfactants — Revocation — Infringement — Validity — Construction — Person skilled in the art — Common general knowledge — Reliance on textbooks and scientific publications — Reliance on other vaccines containing surfactants — Whether claim limited to use in vaccines with identified serotypes only — Added matter — Novelty — Obviousness
Methods for home-based self-applied polysomnography: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Punjabi Naresh M , Brown Todd , Aurora R Nisha , Patel Sanjay R , Stosor Valentina , Cho Joshua Hyong-Jin , Helgadóttir Halla , Ágústsson Jón Skírnir , D’Souza Gypsyamber , Margolick Joseph B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAlong with multiple chronic comorbidities, sleep disorders are prevalent in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The goal of this study was to establish methods for assessing sleep quality and breathing-related disorders using self-applied home polysomnography in people with and without HIV.MethodsSelf-applied polysomnography was conducted on 960 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) using the Nox A1 recorder to collect data on the frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), bilateral electrooculograms, and a frontalis electromyogram during sleep. Breathing patterns were characterized using respiratory inductance plethysmography bands and pulse oximetry. Continuous recordings of the electrocardiogram were also obtained. All studies were scored centrally for sleep stages and disordered breathing events.ResultsSuccessful home polysomnography was obtained in 807 of 960 participants on the first attempt and 44 participants on the second. Thus, a successful polysomnogram was obtained in 851 (88.6%) of the participants. Reasons for an unsuccessful study included less than 3 h of data on oximetry (34.6%), EEG (28.4%), respiratory inductance plethysmography (21.0%), or two or more of these combined (16.0%). Of the successful studies (N = 851), signal quality was rated as good, very good, or excellent in 810 (95.2%). No temporal trends in study quality were noted. Independent correlates of an unsuccessful study included black race, current smoking, and cocaine use.ConclusionsHome polysomnography was successfully completed in the MACS demonstrating its feasibility in a community cohort. Given the burden of in-lab polysomnography, the methods described herein provide a cost-effective alternative for collecting sleep data in the home.