bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing place of delivery in Ethiopia: Linking individual, household, and health facility-level data
Authors: Bekele Fanuel Belayneh , Shiferaw Kasiye , Nega Adiam , Derseh Anagaw , Seme Assefa , Shiferaw Solomon 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMaternal mortality remains high, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Institutional delivery is one of the key intervention to reduce it. Despite service utilization reflects an interplay of demand- and supply-side factors, previous studies mainly focused on either sides due to methodological challenges and data availability. But, a more comprehensive understanding can be obtained by assessing both sides. The aim of this study is to assess individual, household, community, and health facility factors associated with deliveryplace in Ethiopia.MethodsWe have used the 2019 Performance Monitoring for Action survey data set, which is a nationally representative sample of women linked with national sample of health facilities in Ethiopia. A total of 2547 women who recently delivered were linked with 170 health centers and 41 hospitals. Facility readiness index was calculated based on previous study conducted by Stierman EK on similar data set. We applied survey weights for descriptive statistics. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing delivery place.ResultsCoverage of institutional delivery was 54.49%. Women aged 20–34 [AOR; 0.55 (0.32–0.85)] compared with those younger than 20 years; those with no formal education [AOR: 0.19 (10.05–0.76)] or attended only primary school [AOR: 0.20 (0.05–0.75)] compared with those attended above secondary; and women whose partners didn’t encourage antinatal visit [AOR; 0.57 (0.33–0.98)] all have decreased odd of institutional delivery. Attending at least one antenatal visit [AOR: 3.09 (1.87–5.10)] and increased availability of medicines in the closest facility [AOR: 17.33 (1.32–26.4)] increase odds of institutional deliver.ConclusionIn Ethiopia, nearly half of the total deliveries take place outside health facilities. In addition to improving women’s education, utilization of antenatal care, and encouragement by partners, it is important to consider the availability of medicine and commodities in the nearby health facilities while designing and implementing programs to reduce home delivery.
Diagnostics to support the eradication of yaws—Development of two target product profiles
Authors: Fongwen Noah , Handley Becca L. , Martin Diana L. , Beiras Camila , Dyson Louise , Frimpong Michael , Mitja Oriol , Asiedu Kingsley , Marks Michael 
Published: September 2022

Background
Yaws is targeted for eradication by 2030, using a strategy based on mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin. New diagnostics are needed to aid eradication. Serology is currently the mainstay for yaws diagnosis; however, inaccuracies associated with current serological tests makes it difficult to fully assess the need for and impact of eradication campaigns using these tools. Under the recommendation of the WHO Diagnostic Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) for Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs), a working group was assembled and tasked with agreeing on priority use cases for developing target product profiles (TPPs) for new diagnostics tools.

Methodology and principal findings
The working group convened three times and established two use cases: identifying a single case of yaws and detecting azithromycin resistance. One subgroup assessed the current diagnostic landscape for yaws and a second subgroup determined the test requirements for both use cases. Draft TPPs were sent out for input from stakeholders and experts. Both TPPs considered the following parameters: product use, design, performance, configuration, cost, access and equity. To identify a single case of yaws, the test should be able to detect an analyte which confirms an active infection with at least 95% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity. The high specificity was deemed important to avoid a high false positive rate which could result in unnecessary continuation or initiation of MDA campaigns. If used in settings where the number of suspected cases is low, further testing could be considered to compensate for imperfect sensitivity and to improve specificity. The test to detect azithromycin resistance should be able to detect known genetic resistance mutations with a minimum sensitivity and specificity of 95%, with the caveat that all patients with suspected treatment failure should be treated as having resistant yaws and offered alternative treatment.

Conclusions
The TPPs developed will provide test developers with guidance to ensure that novel diagnostic tests meet identified public health needs.
The epidemiology and evolution of IgA nephropathy over two decades: A single centre experience
Authors: Storrar Joshua , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Sinha Smeeta , Kalra Philip A. 
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide, with an incidence of 2.5 per 100,000 population per year. The 10-year risk of progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) or halving of eGFR is 26%. Here we aimed to collect a comprehensive dataset of IgAN patients at our centre over 2 decades to provide real world data, describe outcomes and determine the effects of immunosuppression use.

Design, setting, participants and measurements
All patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven IgAN at our centre over 2 decades were identified. After exclusions, the total cohort size was 401. Data relating to (i) baseline demographics, (ii) laboratory and urine results, (iii) histological data, and (iv) outcomes of initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality were collected.

Results
The median age was 45.0 years, with 69.6% male and 57.6% hypertensive; 20.4% received immunosuppression, 29.7% progressed to RRT and 19.7% died, over a median follow up period of 51 months. Baseline eGFR was 46.7ml/min/1.73m2 and baseline uPCR was 183mg/mmol. Median rate of eGFR decline was -1.31ml/min/1.73m2/year. Those with a higher MEST-C score had worse outcomes. Immunosuppression use was associated with an increased rate of improvement in proteinuria, but not with a reduction in RRT or mortality. Factors favouring improved outcomes with immunosuppression use included female gender; lower age, blood pressure and T-score; higher eGFR; and ACEi/ARB use.

Conclusions
A variety of clinical and histological factors are important in determining risk of progression in IgAN. Therapeutic interventions, particularly use of immunosuppression, should be individualised and guided by these factors.
The determination of causality of drug induced liver injury in patients with COVID-19 clinical syndrome
Authors: Naseralallah Lina Mohammad , Aboujabal Bodoor Abdallah , Geryo Nejat Mohamed , Al Boinin Aisha , Al Hattab Fatima , Akbar Raza , Umer Waseem , Abdul Jabbar Layla , Danjuma Mohammed I. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a rising morbidity amongst patients with COVID-19 clinical syndrome. The updated RUCAM causality assessment scale is validated for use in the general population, but its utility for causality determination in cohorts of patients with COVID-19 and DILI remains uncertain.

Methods
This retrospective study was comprised of COVID-19 patients presenting with suspected DILI to the emergency department of Weill Cornell medicine-affiliated Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar. All cases that met the inclusion criteria were comparatively adjudicated by two independent rating pairs (2 clinical pharmacist and 2 physicians) utilizing the updated RUCAM scale to assess the likelihood of DILI.

Results
A total of 72 patients (mean age 48.96 (SD ± 10.21) years) were examined for the determination of DILI causality. The majority had probability likelihood of “possible” or “probable” by the updated RUCAM scale. Azithromycin was the most commonly reported drug as a cause of DILI. The median R-ratio was 4.74 which correspond to a mixed liver injury phenotype. The overall Krippendorf’s kappa was 0.52; with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.79 (IQR 0.72–0.85). The proportion of exact pairwise agreement and disagreement between the rating pairs were 64.4%, kappa 0.269 (ICC 0.28 [0.18, 0.40]) and kappa 0.45 (ICC 0.43 [0.29–0.57]), respectively.

Conclusion
In a cohort of patients with COVID-19 clinical syndrome, we found the updated RUCAM scale to be useful in establishing “possible” or “probable” DILI likelihood as evident by the respective kappa values; this results if validated by larger sample sized studies will extend the clinical application of this universal tool for adjudication of DILI.
Effects of walking impairment on mental health burden, health risk behavior and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication: A cross-sectional path analysis
Authors: Rezvani Farhad , Pelt Mara , Härter Martin , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIntermittent claudication is the leading symptom of peripheral artery disease (leg pain when walking). The present study investigates the extent to which walking impairment is associated with health-related quality of life, mental health and health risk behavior.MethodsA theory-based, cross-sectional path model was empirically examined using pre-intervention baseline data from a multicenter, randomized-controlled trial of patients with intermittent claudication (PAD-TeGeCoach). Data were available from 1 696 patients who completed a battery of questionnaires between April 14, 2018 and March 12, 2019, including measures of walking impairment (Walking Impairment Questionnaire), health-related quality of life (SF-12), mental burden (GAD-7, PHQ-9), nicotine- and alcohol-related risk behavior (Fagerström-Test, AUDIT-C). Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid conditions were included in the postulated model a priori to minimize confounding effects.ResultsWalking impairment was associated with an increase in depressive (β = -.36, p < .001) and anxiety symptoms (β = -.24, p < .001). The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 48.3% and 35.5%, respectively, with female patients and those of younger age being at greater risk. Depressive symptoms were predictive of an increased tobacco use (β = .21; p < .001). Walking impairment had adverse effects on physical quality of life, both directly (β = .60, p < .001) and indirectly mediated through depressive symptoms (β = -.16, p < .001); and indirectly on mental quality of life mediated through depressive (β = -.43, p < .001) and anxiety symptoms (β = -.35, p < .001).DiscussionThe findings underscore the need for a comprehensive treatment strategy in patients with intermittent claudication. Measures to improve walking impairment (e.g. exercise training) are key to enhance quality of life and should be the primary treatment. As a key mediator of mental quality of life, depressive and anxiety symptoms should be addressed by rigorously including mental health treatment. Risky health behaviors should be approached by promoting behavior change (e.g. smoking cessation) as a secondary prevention of peripheral artery disease.
To Assess the Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome in Students of Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana
Authors: Lakshit Pasricha  , Nitin Batra  , Rohan Kapoor  
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) also referred to as Digital Eye Strain, describes a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer, tablet or cell phone usage. Ever since the advent of the COVID pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the amount of time spent in front of the screen, be it for online classes or working from home. We wanted to assess the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among medical, dental, nursing and physiotherapy students of Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.
METHODS
This was a prospective study conducted for one month among students aged 18-22 years. A total of 75 students were randomly selected from the four colleges namely Christian Medical College, Christian Dental College, College of Physiotherapy and College of Nursing, Ludhiana. The questionnaire was filled and the responses were noted. The responses were then compared to the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). The students were divided into 4 groups namely No / Mild / Moderate and Severe disease. The students belonging to the groups mild, moderate and severe disease were sent to the Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana for evaluation and further management of CVS.
RESULTS
The study showed that the prevalence of CVS was 48 %, 34.7 %, 12 % and 5.3 % for no disease, mild disease, moderate disease, and severe disease respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of CVS in our study was found to be 52.0%.
Band Ligation Resolves Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Overlying Esophageal Varix
Authors: Hadley Steven M. , Patel Neej J. , Gardner Timothy B. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
When early-stage esophageal cancer overlies an esophageal varix, endoscopic mucosal resection is not safe because of risk of variceal bleeding. We report a 59-year-old man with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and an 8 mm Stage I adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus overlying a large varix. After a multidisciplinary review, we performed band ligation of the nodular adenocarcinoma and varix. On follow-up upper endoscopy 2 months after banding, no evidence of residual adenocarcinoma was visualized. Pathologic biopsies returned negative for malignancy. Band ligation of early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma may prove an effective option for patients who have nodular malignancies overlying an esophageal varix.
A Small Blemish: Isotretinoin-Induced Microscopic Colitis
Authors: Dukate Loren R. , Pak Kevin , O'Connell William , Junga Zachary 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Microscopic colitis is a form of colonic inflammation that presents with chronic nonbloody diarrhea that can only be diagnosed histologically with biopsies obtained during colonoscopy. We report a rare case of isotretinoin-induced microscopic colitis in a patient who was prescribed this medication for nodular acne with a 1-year history of nonbloody diarrhea, bloating, cramping, and foul-smelling gas. Cessation of this medication in addition to initiating treatment with budesonide resulted in remission of the patient's symptoms. The presence of chronic diarrhea in patients who are taking isotretinoin should raise suspicion for this condition and warrant further investigation.
Massive Gastric Bleed 20 Years After Splenopneumopexy
Authors: Abulawi Ahmad , Al-Tarbsheh Ali H. , Bui Rosa , Richter Seth 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Splenopneumopexy is an anastomosis performed for patients with portal hypertension secondary to veno-occlusive disease of the portal, splenic, or mesenteric veins. We present a case of an adult gentleman who presented with melena and was found to have pseudoaneurysm almost 20 years after his procedure. We also describe the clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and radiological workup conducted to diagnose and manage gastric bleeding in this rare complication.
In silico and in vivo analysis of TIPE1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Shen Pei , Shen Xianjuan , Chen Guo , Zhao Chunmei , Cai Hua , Xu Xinxin , Duan Yinong , Wang Xudong , Ju Shaoqing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
TIPE1 is a gene in the TNFAIP8 family involved in immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Although previous studies demonstrated that TIPE1 might play different roles in different tumors, its expression and role in lymphoma are unclear. Here we observed TIPE1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Two microarrays containing 96 tumor tissue specimens were obtained from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University biobank. All specimens came from patients with a clear pathological diagnosis of lymphoma, lymphadenitis, breast cancer, or bladder cancer, and we performed immunohistochemical experiments on these tissue specimens. GEPIA and TIMER platforms were used for bioinformatic analyses. We found higher TIPE1 expression in tumor tissues from patients with lymphoma compared with those with lymphadenitis, breast cancer, or bladder cancer. The GEPIA and TIMER analyses revealed that TIPE1 was upregulated in DLBCL tissues but not in invasive breast carcinoma, urothelial bladder carcinoma, or liver hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. TIPE1 expression was irrelevant for pathological stage, overall survival, or DLBCL immune infiltration levels. However, TIPE1 expression was correlated with MKI67 expression in DLBCL. Overall, TIPE1’s high expression levels in DLBCL may contribute to tumor growth in DLBCL.
The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
Authors: Alhimaidi Ahmad R. , Ammari Aiman A. , Okla Mohammad K. , Alghadi Muath Q. , Amran Ramzi A. , Rady Ahmed M. , Al-Malahi Nawal M. , Alhimaidi Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Rumex vesicarius (R. vesicarius or RV) is an annual plant having rounded leaves, with flowers containing seeds. RV protects liver, resists cancer, and removes free radicals in cells. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of the R. vesicarius water seeds extract (RVWSE) treatment on mice before and during pregnancy, and its action on the liver and kidney histology and enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, the blood urea nitrogen, the creatinine, and the uric acid. The seeds of R. vesicarius were collected, extracted, and its component analyzed via Gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Mice treated with 10 mg kg−1 RVWSE via feeding tube for 1 week before mating, or during pregnancy. The number of offspring or litter size was recorded and the blood sample was collected at the end of the experiment to test the kidney and liver enzymes, and their histology. Results showed that RVWSE contains different phytochemicals consisting of some hexane and chloroform compounds. The fertility rate of 1st treated pre-pregnancy group is 30% and the 2nd group is 35%. The offspring rate of 1st treated group showed higher new born rate (8 new born/female) than 2nd treated group (5.4 new born/female). The blood enzyme levels of the kidney and liver showed some variation between the two groups and their histology illustrates some non-significant variation between the treated and control groups of mice. The implications of the results of this study illustrate the safe use of the RVWSE, its effectiveness in improving mice fertility, and positive impact on biomarker of serum enzymes of liver and kidney with their histopathology.
Gitelman syndrome diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Cao Yang , Hu Dan , Yun Peng , Huang Xinwei , Chen Yan , Li Fangping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Gitelman syndrome is a rare salt-losing tubulopathy caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, which is expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and accounts for 5–10% of renal sodium reabsorption. Atypical symptoms and insidious conditions generally delay diagnosis until childhood or even adulthood. Here, we report the case of a 22-year-old Chinese woman who was admitted to our endocrinology department for severe hypokalemia during pregnancy.

Case presentation
The patient had no specific symptoms but exhibited hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, and normal blood pressure. Together, these symptoms indicated the clinical diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome, which was confirmed by genetic analysis. Many drugs have limited safety data during early pregnancy, and optimum potassium and magnesium levels are necessary for a successful pregnancy.

Conclusions
Diagnosis and management of Gitelman syndrome are crucial during pregnancy to ensure the safety of the mother and fetus, especially during the first trimester.
Level of non-conventional lipid parameters and its comparative analysis with TSH in subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Bansal Sanjiv Kumar , Suri Arpita , Suryan Varsha , Singh Naveen Kumar , Barman Smita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to estimate lipid parameters in subclinical hypothyroidism and correlate it with TSH.

Methods
Forty newly diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and Forty age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum lipid profile (i.e. HDL, LDL, TG, serum total cholesterol) of the subjects was estimated by standard photometric methods in a fully auto-analyzer (MINDRAY BS-300) using commercially available kits and VLDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald’s formula. While serum Ox-LDL, Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B were estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay.

Results
The parameters such as Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and small dense lipoprotein (sd LDL) were significantly increased in subclinical hypothyroid cases when compared with the control subjects (p<0.0001). In present study results showed significant positive correlations of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with Ox-LDL (r=0.85, p<0.01), sd LDL (r=0.71, p<0.01).

Conclusions
The present study focuses on the role of Ox-LDL, sd-LDL Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B that are sensitive indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism and can serve as a better & novel risk factor for CAD.
AS ATIVIDADES DO SETOR DE TURISMO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL (ODS) DA ONU
Authors: Flores Soares Patrick , Zanini de Paula Fábio , Maria Righi Dotto Dalva 
Published: September 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a conformidade das ações realizadas pelas diversas atividades do setor de turismo, em relação aos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs) definidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas, presentes no documento Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030. Por meio de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando uma amostragem não-probabilística por conveniência, foi realizada uma pesquisa para verificar a percepção dos estudantes de cursos de turismo (técnico, tecnólogo ou bacharel) representando nove Estados do Brasil. Como resultados constatou-se que o quesito que apresentou a menor conformidade (as ações do setor estão aquém do necessário) foi “acabar com a pobreza em todas as suas formas em todos os lugares” e a afirmativa considerada a que apresenta uma maior contribuição das atividades das empresas de turismo foi “garantir educação de qualidade, inclusiva e equitativa, e promover a aprendizagem ao longo de toda a vida para todos”. Em relação a todos as SDGs, verificou-se que ainda é necessário mais comprometimento e esforço por parte dos envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do setor de turismo, para minimizar os impactos negativos e ampliar a contribuição em todos os aspectos relacionados à sustentabilidade.