bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superdiversity and its explanatory limits
Authors: May Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Superdiversity is a key term that has taken hold in macro sociolinguistic commentary over the last decade. It has been used to explore the increasing linguistic diversity, particularly in major urban centres in the West, brought about by changing patterns of migration and transmigration. Within sociolinguistics, this has led to an increasing focus on the complex multilingualism that can now be found in diverse urban contexts. The focus on multilingualism that superdiversity brings is a welcome, albeit belated, recognition of the normalcy of mutilingualism, thus challenging the inherent monolingualism still underpinning much language policy, pedagogy, and practice. However, the rise of superdiversity as a theoretical framework has also led to an increasingly deconstructivist view of languages by its proponents – questioning and/or rejecting distinctions between so called named languages, particularly national languages, while also critiquing standard language registers.
In this commentary, I outline the benefits that superdiversity has brought to sociolinguistics over the last decade but also highlight, and critique, its explanatory limits. The latter include, among others, its ahistoricity, its almost exclusive focus on migrants in urban contexts, its dimissal of non-urban, often Indigenous, language contexts, and its rejection of language rights and standard language varieties.
Mensch-Algorithmus-Hybride als (Quasi-)Organisationen? Zu Verantwortung und Verantwortlichkeit von digitalen Kollektivakteuren
Authors: Beckers Anna , Teubner Gunther 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Modelle individueller Verantwortlichkeit für die Handlungen von Algorithmen versagen dann, wenn eine Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziation selbst als Handlungseinheit in den Blick gerät. In manchen Situationen sind menschliche und algorithmische Handlungen derart eng miteinander verwoben, dass keine lineare Verbindung zwischen den emergenten Kollektiven und den komplexen Interaktionen der individuellen Handlungseinheiten mehr besteht. In solchen kollektiven Entscheidungssequenzen lässt sich auch keine individuelle Verantwortlichkeit mehr zurechnen. Deshalb bedarf es einer neuen Perspektive auf Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziationen, die ihre emergenten Eigenschaften und ihren organisationalen Charakter erfasst, um angemessene Modelle kollektiver Verantwortlichkeit zu entwickeln. Der Artikel sucht Antworten auf die folgenden Fragen: Wie kann die Begegnung zwischen Mensch und Algorithmus innerhalb einer solchen sozio-technischen Konfiguration theoretisch angemessen erfasst werden? Lässt sich die Konfiguration als hybrides Kollektiv verstehen? Können der Konfiguration selbst als personifiziertem Kollektivakteur Handlungen zugerechnet werden? Welche Verantwortlichkeitsformen dürften für Mensch-Algorithmus-Assoziationen institutionalisiert werden – zentralisierte oder distribuierte Kollektivverantwortlichkeiten?
Programmiertes Entscheiden: Begriffsgeschichtliche Anmerkungen
Authors: Lukas Ernst 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDas begriffliche Instrumentarium von Herbert A. Simon und Niklas Luhmann zu Entscheidungsprämissen und Entscheidungsprogrammen wird vergleichend untersucht. Luhmann bezieht sich zwar explizit auf Simon, durch eine unterschiedliche Theorieanlage entsteht aber eine Sinnverschiebung. Simons Theoriebildung ist auf eine empirische Analyse menschlichen Verhaltens angelegt und verfolgt das ambitionierte softwaretechnische Projekt der Modellierung von Heuristiken in einem „General Problem Solver.“ Luhmanns Theoriekonstruktion ist dagegen am Vorbild juristischen Entscheidens orientiert. Gerade dadurch gelingt es ihm aber, eine neue soziologische Perspektive auf Entscheidungen in Organisationen zu eröffnen, die für aktuelle Diskussionen zum „automated decision making“ genutzt werden kann.
Algorithms, Efficiency and the Two Faces of Courts – A Case Study of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (STJ)
Authors: Hedler Luisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe implementation of algorithms in Courts promises to bring an increase in efficiency to a legal system which is seen as slow and overburdened, but both the literature and governments are aware that there are potential risks of unwanted consequences to the functioning of the legal system. This paper is a case study of how the Brazilian Superior Tribunal of Justice (STJ) justifies the introduction of algorithms into their case management operations, articulating different notions of efficiency as they do so. Analyzing accounts in multiple sources, it is observed how the STJ self-describes these multiple roles, both as part of the legal system and its role as an organization which is part of the public administration – especially when trying to justify these changes to other government agencies, the legal community and society in general. The article shows that the STJ emphasizes its role in the legal system as an initial justification in official accounts, but largely emphasizes managerial gains internally, avoiding engaging with potential risks by preserving the moment of decision-making as exclusive of the judge.
Factors influencing recovery of upper limb motor function during constraint-induced movement therapy for people with stroke
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Sabo Bishir , Badaru Umaru Muhammad , Saeys Wim , Truijen Steven 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the personal and clinical factors that can predict recovery of motor function in people with stroke.

Methods
Characteristics of the study participants such as age, sex, time since stroke and type of stroke, motor function, shoulder pain, amount and quality of use of the affected limb in the real world, wrist and elbow spasticity, handedness, central post-stroke pain and dose of massed practice were recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.

Results
A total of 144 patients with stroke with mean age, 58.71 ± 19.90 years participated in the study. The result showed that, the whole model significantly explained the total variance by 88.4%, F(14, 144) = 32.870, R
2 = 0. 0.781, p < 0.001. However, in the final model, only four independent variables in the order of degree of predictability, amount of use of the limb in the real world (Beta = 0.455, p = 0.003), intensity of practice during rehabilitation session (Beta = 0.321, p < 0.001), wrist spasticity (Beta = 0.148, p = 0.004) and side affected (Beta = 0.093, p = 0.033) significantly predicted recovery of motor function.

Conclusion
Encouraging the use of the limb in the real world may be more important than practice during rehabilitation session in the clinic or in the laboratory.
Changes in Clinical Process as a Result of Online Therapy: Findings from a Single Case Study
Authors: Negri Attà , Christian Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study examined changes in the clinical interaction in a single clinical dyad between sessions conducted in person and sessions conducted remotely, applying linguistic indicators based on multiple code and referential process theory. Methods: Sessions from an ongoing psychotherapy of a male patient in his late 30s were audio-recorded and transcribed. Linguistic indicators, including the Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary (WRAD), were scored, and graphed using the Discourse Attributes Analysis Program (DAAP). The sessions included 8 sessions immediately before online work, 10 sessions immediately following the implementation of online work, and 12 sessions collected several months after the clinical dyad had been working remotely. Results: A comparison of in-person sessions to telehealth sessions shows that the patient spoke more in post-telehealth sessions but with decreased emotional engagement, as evidenced by a decrease in WRAD. The therapist appeared to be working harder to communicate that he was listening as evidenced by an increase in the measure of non-turn vocalizations (interjections such as hmm). Discussion: It appears that both patient and therapist were working harder to remain connected and communicate that they were present but with limited emotional engagement. This pattern remained unaltered at a 2-month followup. The findings address empirically the subjective experience of many clinicians who have switched to remote treatment. Implications for the future of remote therapy are discussed.
Rare distant metastases to pancreas, liver, and lung as initial presentation of mixed tall cell and columnar cell variants of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Harper Cody , Michael James , Rahmeh Tarek , Munro Vicki 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The most common sites of distant metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are lung and bone. Widespread distant metastases of PTC are rare and associated with poor overall prognosis. Metastases to sites such as liver and pancreas are extremely rare, and literature is sparse on overall survival. In this report, we present a 57-year-old man whose initial presentation of PTC was with pancreatic, liver, and lung metastases, and subsequently developed metastases to bone and brain. He underwent a total thyroidectomy, neck dissection, and tracheal resection. Pathology revealed a predominant columnar cell variant PTC with focal areas of tall cell variant, and genomic sequencing showed both PIK3CA and BRAF gene mutations. Radioactive iodine ablation with I-131 did not show any uptake in metastatic sites and he had progression of the metastases within 6 months. Therefore, therapy with lenvatinib was initiated for radioactive iodine refractory disease. Our patient has tolerated the lenvatinib well, and all his sites of metastases decreased in size. His liver and pancreatic lesions took longer to respond but showed response 6 months after initiation of lenvatinib, and he remains on full dose lenvatinib 18 months into treatment.

Learning points

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) usually metastasizes to lung and bone but can rarely occur in many other sites.

Patients with distant metastases have significantly worse long-term prognosis.

Lenvatinib can be an effective treatment of radioactive iodine refractory PTC with rare sites of distant metastases.

Lenvatinib can be an effective treatment of PTC with BRAF V600E and PIK3CA mutation.
Nurse Education and Hospital Readmissions for Children With and Without a Mental Health Condition
Authors: Riman Kathryn A. , Doupnik Stephanie K. , Kutney-Lee Ann M. , Lake Eileen T. 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
In adults, receiving care in a hospital with more baccalaureate-prepared nurses improves outcomes. This relationship is magnified in adults with serious mental illness or cognitive impairment. Whether the same is true in children with and without a mental health condition is unknown. The study purposes were to determine 1) whether the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses affected the odds of readmission in children; and 2) whether this relationship differed for children with a mental health condition.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We linked cross-sectional data from the 2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, the RN4CAST-US nurse survey in Florida, and the American Hospital Association. Inclusion criteria were ages 3 to 21 years. Mental health conditions were defined as psychiatric or developmental/behavioral diagnoses. These were identified using the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders Classification System. We used multivariable, hierarchical logistic regression models to assess the relationship between nurse training and readmissions.

RESULTS:
In 35 081 patients admitted to 122 hospitals with 4440 nurses, 21.0% of patients had a mental health condition and 4.2% had a 7-day readmission. For individuals without a mental health condition, each 10% increase in the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses was associated with 8.0% lower odds of readmission (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–0.97). For those with a mental health condition, each 10% increase in the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses was associated with 16.0% lower odds of readmission (odds ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.78–0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:
A higher proportion of baccalaureate-educated nurses is associated with lower odds of readmission for pediatric patients. This association has a larger magnitude in patients with a mental health condition.
Preparation, characterization, and biological assessment of functionalized reduced graphene oxide–silver nanocomposite
Authors: Sherif H. H. A. , El Hotaby W. , Khalil S. K. H. , Hemdan Bahaa A. , Khalil W. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, functionalized reduced graphene oxide–silver (FrGO–Ag) nanocomposite was synthesized to enhance the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of FrGO for infected wound burn treatment. The reduction of GO and FGO was confirmed by the removal of some of the oxygen functional groups (carbonyl and epoxy groups) as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The face-centered cubic (fcc) silver nanoparticles were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The contact time effect and the dose effect of the antimicrobial activity of rGO, FrGO, and FrGO-Ag nanocomposite toward Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans have been investigated. The cytotoxicity results of these compounds revealed that the functionalization by PVP and the decoration by AgNPs improved the biocompatibility of rGO sheets from 35.2 to 88% cell viability against the BJ1 normal human epithelial cell line.
Graphical Abstract
A Simplified Method for Performing Vector-Valued Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Li Bo , Cai Zhen 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
For a seismic risk analysis, the seismic hazard results are usually combined with fragility functions to calculate the probability of seismic losses. Because vector-valued ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) are increasingly used by researchers and practicing engineers to evaluate fragility functions, seismic hazard calculations in terms of vector-valued IMs are required, which are determined by vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). However, the large computational cost associated with vector-valued PSHAs impedes the application of vector-valued IMs in performing a seismic risk analysis. The study presents a simplified method for conducting vector-valued PSHAs. This simplified method is developed using proposed equivalent earthquakes that are derived from conventional seismic hazard deaggregation. Formulas for performing vector-valued PSHAs using the simplified method are also proposed. Based on a numerical example, this study demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Physical education teachers’ attitudes towards the use of the Internet in education
Authors: Jawarneh Randa Saleh , AL-Momania Mohammad Omar 
Published: December 2022

The use of the Internet in the educational process is one of the factors that help to consolidate students’ knowledge and acquire new skills based on the exchange of experiences that take place via email or open group dialogues. The study aimed to identify the attitudes of physical education teachers in Jordan towards the use of the Internet in the teaching–learning process. The descriptive approach was used, in addition to the use of the questionnaire as a tool for the study. The data collection instrument was applied to the study sample of 328 teachers and educators in Jordan in the second academic year 2021–2022. After carrying out the necessary statistical treatment, the study concluded that there is a presence of positive attitudes among teachers towards the use of the Internet in the educational process. In addition, there is a disparity in the use of the Internet in the educational process among physical education teachers in Jordan.
Keywords: Educational process, Internet, physical education, teachers;
Creativity as a complex form of creation and thinking
Authors: Stanic Goranka 
Published: December 2022

Creativity is the highest form of human creation, thought and action. We have known it since the earliest beginnings of human existence. Freed, stereotyped and elevated above the primitive level, the human mind encounters creativity. It encompasses intellectual thinking, problem solving and challenges, and with its homologous heritage, raises man as an individual and the entire civilisation to a level higher than the very beginnings. The aim of this research is to generate a design that can be followed for creativity. Information is needed for creativity. However, the classic form of information and creation has been replaced by computer technology. It is almost impossible to follow the course of development of the branch and the progress of all human activities. In a sea of new information and data, we are losing the thread and have to opt for a narrowly specialised area or areas that we monitor. A large selection of communications and ideas slowly leads us into chaos. As much as it seems to us that the channels of creativity and opportunities for innovation are enriched, we also encounter the problem of overload. Creativity in â€˜designâ€™ translates into creating software with many capabilities, and a true designer is a programmer who designs features and a program for a particular branch of design. The goal of design is not commercialism, but quality and progress, making life easier, instead of creating imaginary desires and needs for the offered product.

Keywords: Design, creativity, computer design, functionality.
Feasibility Study of Recrosslinkable Preformed Particle Gels for Natural Gas Injection Profile Control
Authors: Al Brahim Ali , Eriyagama Yugandhara , Bai Baojun , Schuman Thomas 
Published: December 2022

SummaryRecrosslinkable preformed particle gel (RPPG), a preformed particle gel (PPG) of which particles can bond together to form a strong bulk gel system after being placed inside the target formation, has been successfully applied to control conformance problems for waterflooding projects. However, no research has been conducted about whether RPPG is feasible in improving gasflooding performance in mature reservoirs. The study presents a systematic evaluation of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonate acid (AMPS)-based RPPG including phase stability under different gel-gas kinetics and plugging performance to natural gas and water. Different experimental apparatuses were designed to quantify and visualize the RPPG phase stability under static and dynamic gel-gas interactions. The RPPG phase stability was evaluated under a different range of injection pressure, gas exposure time, and swelling ratio (SR). Also, the RPPG stability was compared to the in-situ gel system hydrolyzed polyacrylamide crosslinked with chromium acetate [HPAM/Cr(III)], which has been applied in oil fields to control gas injection conformance. The RPPG plugging efficiency was evaluated using open fractured cores with different apertures. The results showed that the RPPG was stable under both static and dynamic gel-natural gas interactions and was stable when being exposed to an acidic environment with an insignificant total percentage weight loss (&lt;3%). Additionally, the strength of the RPPG was further improved with the longevity of the gas exposure. Furthermore, different from the in-situ gel system HPAM/Cr(III), which exhibited a high degree of dehydration under natural gas and exhibited substantial syneresis under acidic conditions, the microstructure of the RPPG remained stable after the dynamic gas exposure. The results of the coreflooding experiments demonstrated that the RPPG had excellent plugging efficiency, which was closely related to the SR and the fracture aperture. This is the first study where a polymer gel system has been systematically assessed through varied testing methodologies using natural gas as opposed to other studies where nitrogen (N2) was used to simulate natural gas behavior. The robustness of the RPPG system makes it a viable candidate for improving the gasflooding processes in mature reservoirs dominated by conformance problems such as void space conduits (VSCs), fractures, and high-permeability channels.
Azimuthal Investigation of a Fractured Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Bouchaala F. , Mohamed Aala A. I. , Jouini M. S. , Bouzidi Y. , Ali M. Y. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Oil production and enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi, UAE, are largely affected by fracture systems that control the fluid path and the permeability of reservoirs. Most fracture properties, such as fracture orientations and density, are obtained by interpreting petrophysical data acquired at the wellbores, whereas fracture properties between wells are typically derived from nonzero offset seismic data. However, deriving fracture properties from seismic data is challenging, as it requires a robust methodology and a careful seismic processing procedure. In the current case study, we used the azimuthal amplitude vs. offset (AVAz) method on 3D seismic data acquired in onshore Abu Dhabi, to generate maps of fracture orientation and density in a carbonate reservoir. A sophisticated processing series was carefully performed to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and preserve seismic amplitudes. The main parameters controlling the AVAz method were investigated and optimized before being applied to the 3D seismic data. The reservoir has a high fracture density in the lower regions, but a low fracture density in the upper parts, indicating a weaker anisotropy. The resulting dominant fracture directions span from north-northwest/south-southwest to north-northeast/south-southwest, as well as from northwest/southeast to east/west, which is consistent with the primary fracture orientations determined from the interpretation of fullbore formation microimager (FMI) data acquired at well locations. These fracture systems are the result of the Late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail ophiolite, which was oriented east/west and northeast/southwest, followed by the south/north to southwest/northeast trending Late Oligocene-Miocene continent-continent collision of the Arabian and Central Iran plates along the Zagros orogenic front.
Core-shell encapsulation of PMHS@EPDM onto BF surface for strengthening and toughening of BF/HDPE composites
Authors: Wen Tao , Zhang Xinxiang , Ou Sainan , Olonisakin Kehinde , Xiao Fuchuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bamboo flour/high-density polyethylene (BF/HDPE) composite was strengthened and toughened simultaneously by the surface encapsulation of BF with poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane(PMHS) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM). An elastic PMHS@EPDM shell was fabricated on BF surface by successively spraying PMHS/hexane and EPDM/hexane solutions onto BF, based on the dehydrogenation and addition reaction of PMHS with BF and EPDM. It was found that surface encapsulation of wood at high PMHS content would simultaneously increase the strength and toughness of BF@PMHS/HDPE composite. The tensile strength and impact strength were increased by 54.2% and 9.9%, respectively as PMHS content was 3.3%. Furthermore, an encapsulation of BF@PMHS with EPDM further increased the strength and toughness by 5.1% and 14.7%. Compared with the pristine BF/plastic composites (BPC), the tensile, flexural and impact strength of modified BPC increased by 62.1%, 28.0% and 26.1%. The changes in the microstructure of the interface between BF and HDPE as a function of encapsulation of PMHS and EPDM and the relationship between chemical structure, microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. This work gave a novel MAH-free method for strengthening and toughening BF/HDPE or wood flour/high-density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) composites.