bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2022/25 Is a period of stand-by considered to be ‘working time’? (IT)
Authors: Patané Ornella 
Published: October 2022

2022/25 Is a period of stand-by considered to be ‘working time’? (IT)
The Italian Supreme Court has held that a period of stand-by not to be working time when the employee is free to rest and devote themself to leisure activity, without any specific obligation as to vigilance concerning the workplace. In this case there was a waiting period only, during which the employee was obliged to work only after an alarm for which the payment of an indemnity was provided as well as compensatory rest.
2022/26 The lack of evidence of working time records shall not affect an employee’s salary rights corresponding to the work performed at the employer’s request (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Dănescu Laura 
Published: October 2022

2022/26 The lack of evidence of working time records shall not affect an employee’s salary rights corresponding to the work performed at the employer’s request (RO)
The Bucharest Court of Appeal has (partially) changed a decision issued by the Bucharest Tribunal and ordered an employer to pay a claimant employee the differences in salary rights representing bonus for overtime hours worked, bonus for hours worked on days of weekly rest, bonus for hours worked on legal holidays and bonus for hours worked at night, even in the absence of working time records.
2022/27 Should the stand-by duty of military personnel be remunerated as an allowance, as regular salary or should it count as overtime work? (SI)
Authors: Smolnikar Petra , Marinček Tjaša 
Published: October 2022

2022/27 Should the stand-by duty of military personnel be remunerated as an allowance, as regular salary or should it count as overtime work? (SI)
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia has issued a judgment concerning the remuneration for the performance of stand-by duty by a person in the military and the issue of whether it falls within Directive 2003/88/EC concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time. It was held that the time spent on stand-by duty, during which the plaintiff did not actually work but was required to be on stand-by at a particular place and was then at the employer’s disposal, without being able to go home or elsewhere, was to be regarded as working time. The Court found that, notwithstanding national legislation to the contrary, the plaintiff was entitled to the remuneration provided for in their contract of employment for full-time work, that is to 100% of the basic salary.
2022/28 Domino’s pizza delivery drivers are self-employed independent contractors not employees (IR)
Authors: O’Mahoney Sarah 
Published: October 2022

2022/28 Domino’s pizza delivery drivers are self-employed independent contractors not employees (IR)
This case originated in an assessment by the Revenue Commissioners that pizza delivery drivers who had worked for the taxpayer company in 2010 and 2011 were ‘employees’ and, as such, were taxable under Schedule E to the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997. A Tax Appeals Commissioner (TAC) upheld this assessment, whose decision, in turn, was upheld by the High Court (HC). The HC distilled the questions raised by the TAC’s decision to four core issues: mutuality of obligation, substitution, integration and the written terms of the contract (and the weight that it should be given). The HC found no error of law by the TAC and dismissed the appeal, which decision was then appealed to the Court of Appeal (CA). The CA, sitting in a panel of three with one judge dissenting, found that the drivers were in fact and in law engaged by the company on contracts for services and were thus independent contractors, not employees.
2022/30 Protection of trade secrets: entrepreneurial protection concept as door opener for statutory legal protection (GE)
Authors: Burkert-Vavilova Susanne 
Published: October 2022

2022/30 Protection of trade secrets: entrepreneurial protection concept as door opener for statutory legal protection (GE)
The first instance Labour Court of Aachen has issued one of the first judgments on the prerequisites of trade secret protection under the German Trade Secrets Act (Geschäftsgeheimnisgesetz). It well illustrates that employers who have so far not installed an adequate secrecy management taking care of the protection of their trade secrets and critical know-how are well advised to do so swiftly. A rude awakening is imminent if the legal protection of secrets is denied in court because one’s own measures were not taken, not appropriate or not sufficiently documented. Also, the judgment makes findings on the extent and scope of the claimant’s burden of presentation and proof in trade secret litigation under the Trade Secrets Act.
Peran Perbankan Syariah Dalam Pembangunan Mikro Ekonomi Indonesia
Authors: Khodiron Khodiron , Fitriyani Fitriyani , Maulana Muhammad Azka 
Published: October 2022

Bank persatuan lembaga keuangan yang sangat berperan dalam perekonomian negara sebagai financial - intermediary. Tujuan penelitian semua ini untuk lebih mengetahui,perkembangan dan kemajuan bank syariah yang ada di Indonesia..Dan jenis data yang digunakan adalah 1.kumpulan data.primer yang di ambil dari kutipan majalah 2. data sekunder 3. buku - buku ilmiah, 4.ujian akhir, dan 5. website. Metode penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka yang memuat teori-teori yang relevan dengan topik yang diangkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan perbankan di Indonesia sangat menggembirakan terutama pada oprasional bank syariah, unit (cabang) usaha syariah dan bank umum syariah. PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia ( BMI ) pada tahun 1992 menandai awal dari kisah pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di negara Indonesia. Bank syariah berkembang pesat dari waktu ke waktu, terutama setelah merger, membuat bank syariah semakin kuat dalam persaingan pasar. Meski pandemi tidak terlalu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bank syariah, namun pertumbuhan tabungan meningkat 11,507%. Dibandingkan tahun lalu, pendanaan juga meningkat dan penyerapan di sektor mikro makin naik.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN SISTEM REWARD TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA DRIVER GRAB BIKE (STUDI PADA KOMUNITAS GRAB BIKE RUMPUN ONLINE SEMARANG)
Authors: Muhammad Whisnu Agitia  , Nadia Dwi Irmadiani  
Published: October 2022

Faktor – faktor yang mempengruhi produktivitas kerja driver Grab bike komunitas rumpun online Semarang yaitu komitmen organisasi dan system reward. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan bukti empiris yang menunjukan bahwa komitmen organisasi dan sistem reward secara simultan maupun parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja driver Grab bike studi pada komunita srumpun online Semarang.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kumulatif komitmen organisasi aadalah sebesar 89,29% yang bermasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Nilai kumulatif system reward adalah 76,83% yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, dan nilai kumulatif produktivitas kerja adalah 83,94% yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Hasil perhitungan statistik diperoleh koefisien korelasi ganda pengaruh komitmen organisasi dan sistem reward terhadap produktifitas kerja driver Grab bike adalah sebesar 0,750. Hasil uji F sebesar 43,7 (> F tabel 3,13), yang menunjukkan bahwa komitmen organisasi dan sistem reward berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja driver Grab bike (studi pada komunitas rumpun online Semarang) secara parsial dan simultan.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN METODE KERJA KONVENSIONAL DAN ALAT BERAT UNTUK PEKERJAAN GALIAN TIMBUNAN (STUDI PROYEK EMBUNG KENDUREN KAB. DEMAK)
Authors: Agus Bambang Siswanto  , Purwantini  , Resti Dwiyantoro  , Fery Anderiyanto  
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki maksud untuk mendapatkan hasil yang efektif dari perbandingan metode kerja konvensional dan alat berat untuk galian timbunan, karena pada prinsipnya pengunaan alat berat akan efektif apabila volume pekerjaanya besar dan waktunya singkat.
Dalam penelitan ini yang pertama dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi dan tujuan penelitian yang ada di daerah objek dengan litelatur yang ada kaitanya dengan permasalahan, penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus data dalam bentuk kuantitatif (angka) pembahasan disajikan dalam bentuk data dengan membandingkan dari segi biaya dan kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing-masing metode kerja.
Penelitian perbandingan metode kerja konvensional dan alat berat untuk galian timbunan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa: Pekerjaan cut and fill dengan waktu pekerjaan 180 hari membutuhkan total pekerja 188 orang (jumlah pekerja wajar) dengan menghabiskan biaya Rp.1.546.351.702, sedang dengan menggunakan alat berat didapatkan Metode kerja kombinasi alat berat dan konvensional dengan waktu pelaksanaan 35 hari membutuhkan 3 alat berat excavator pada pekerjaan cut dan 362 orang pekerja fill dengan menhabiskan biaya Rp.1.129.615.995. metode kerja ini dapat digunakan untuk menciptakan padat karya disaat pandemi.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN WAKTU DAN BIAYA PEKERJAAN GALIAN TANAH (STUDI KASUS PROYEK NORMALISASI SUNGAI JUWANA)
Authors: Susilawati Sisilia Laurentia  , Agus Bambang Siswanto  , Tigo Mindiastiwi  , Adit Priyo Santoso  
Published: October 2022

Keberhasilan suatu proyek menuntut adanya pelaksanaan manajemen secara baik. Pelaksanaan manageman yang baik dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya keterlambatan dan pembengkakan biaya proyek. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan analisis perhitungan waktu dan biaya pekerjaan galian tanah. Analisis tersebut berfungsi untuk mengetahui apakah dana sisa proyek masih mencukupi atau tidak, berapa besar perkiraan biaya untuk menyelesaikan proyek maupun berapa besar proyeksi keterlambatan pada akhir proyek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahaui bahwa waktu pelaksanaan untuk menggali sedimentasi sungai Juwana yang diangkut sejauh 1 km membutuhkan waktu selama 276 hari kerja, sementara yang dibuang sejauh 3 km dan 5 km membutuhkan waktu selama 282 hari kerja. Alat berat yang dioperasikan memerlukan 23 unit excavator, untuk yang diangkut 1 km diperlukan 5 unit excavator dan 10 unit dump truk. Sementara untuk yang diangkut 3 km membutuhkan 8 unit excavator dan 23 unit dump truck. Untuk yang dibuang sejauh 5 km dibutuhkan 3 unit excavator dan 13 unit dump truk. Terdapat perbedaan anggaran yang dihasilkan dari analisis sewa dan anggaran yang diajukan dalam pelaksanaan proyek, RAB proyek Rp. 28.548.548.161 hasil analisis sewa 25.267.470.000 jadi terdapat surplus sebesar Rp. 3.281.078.161
Pengelolaan sedıaan metadon pada Program Terapı Rumatan Metadon (PTRM) dı satelıt pelayanan PTRM
Authors: Julaeha Julaeha , Priyatni Nunung , Rustamaji Rustamaji 
Published: October 2022

Metadon merupakan jenis narkotika sintetik yang digunakan sebagai terapi substitusi pada Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon (PTRM). Oleh sebab itu, metadon harus diperlakukan sebagaimana narkotika pada umumnya. Tenaga kefarmasian dalam PTRM mempunyai tanggung jawab terhadap pengelolaan metadon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian pengelolaan sediaan metadon di satelit pelayanan PTRM di provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) berdasarkan pedoman PTRM yang dikeluarkan oleh kemenkes yang meliputi permintaan, penyimpanan, dispensing, dan pelaporan penggunaan metadon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed-methods (kualitatif dan kuantitatif) dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif. Instrumen pengukuran kuantitatif dalam penelitian berupa tabel checklist keseuaian pengelolaan metadon berdasarkan pedoman yang berlaku. Data kualitatif bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan petugas PTRM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa permintaan, penyimpanan, dan pelaporan penggunaan metadon sudah sesuai dengan pedoman pelayanan PTRM. Namun untuk dispensing metadon di satelit pelayanan PTRM masih ada yang dilakukan oleh selain tenaga kefarmasian.
Does Audit Tenure, Audit Firm Size, Audit Fee, and Competence Matter?
Authors: Ramadhani Abidin Roselita , Alit Triani Ni Nyoman 
Published: October 2022

This study investigates and discusses the effect of audit tenure, firm size, audit fees, and competence on audit quality in 2020. The population of this study includes all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020, with a sample of 535 companies originating from 9 industrial sectors. This study is categorized as a type of quantitative research and uses a selection combined purposive sampling technique, namely collecting samples with specific criteria and cross-sectional data consisting of several related sub-objects simultaneously. Audit quality is proxied by specialist KAP, audit tenure, audit firm size, and competence proxied by dummy, audit fee equal to the honorarium written in the annual report. The analytical techniques used in this study include Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Model Feasibility Test, Overall Model Feasibility Test, Coefficient of Determination Test, and Hypothesis Testing using Logistic Regression Analysis. In this study, audit tenure has a negative effect, audit firm size has a positive impact, and audit fees and competence have no effect on audit quality.
Some notes on the distribution of goods in egyptian private mortuary cults: three cases studies
Authors: Sánchez Casado Raúl 
Published: October 2022

The mortuary provisions of private tomb owners in the Old Kingdom constitute fundamental evidence for the understanding of the operation of the private mortuary cult. The clauses present in these texts provide information about a variety of topics concerning the development of the cult and the use of the properties allotted to sustaining it. However, there are some aspects about which not much information is given. One of these facets is the way in which the goods allocated for the mortuary cult were distributed among the cultic performers. In this paper I intend to contribute to clarifying this aspect by analysing three case studies that are particularly revealing about this matter.
Las disposiciones funerarias de los propietarios de tumbas del Reino Antiguo constituyen una evidencia fundamental para la comprensión de los sistemas de funcionamiento del culto funerario de los particulares. Las cláusulas presentes en esos textos nos proporcionan información sobre el desarrollo del culto y el uso de las propiedades destinadas a su mantenimiento. Pese a ello, hay algunos aspectos sobre los que no se da demasiada información. Una de dichas facetas es el modo en el que los bienes destinados al culto funerario son distribuidos entre los oficiantes. En este artículo pretendemos contribuir a clarificar este aspecto analizando tres casos de estudio que son particularmente relevantes.
Lugares y rutas de memoria en el contexto de la educación patrimonial: la visión del equipo educativo del Museo Memorial del Exilio (MUME)
Authors: González Vázquez David , Feliu Torruella Maria 
Published: October 2022

The acquisition of democratic expertise and competences is the framework which allows didactic development of historical memory. Under this premise, the educational experience that a visit to the Exile Memorial Museum (MUME) in La Jonquera entails is the basis for this current study which analyzes the relationship between education, heritage and historical memory. The main objective of the investigation is to analyze how historical memory is taught didactically from the perspective of the educational team of MUME. A critical analysis of the main object of study: the routes of exile of the MUME, has been undertaken and developed by applying a process where experiences are systematized within a participatory paradigm. A sample of the museum's heritage education team has provided the main source of information. The set of data collected has been structured into three major sections which facilitate the interpretation of the didactic singularity of historical memory in the context of heritage education. In conclusion, the experience linked to the routes as well as the evocative power of the historic landmarks endows the didactic of historical memory with a magnificent educational impact.
El desarrollo didáctico de la memoria histórica está encauzado en la adquisición de competencias democráticas. Bajo esta premisa, en el presente estudio se analiza la relación entre educación, patrimonio y memoria histórica a través de la experiencia educativa del Museo Memorial del Exilio (MUME) de La Jonquera. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar la didáctica de la memoria histórica desde la perspectiva del equipo educativo del MUME. A partir de la aplicación de un proceso de sistematización de experiencias enmarcado en un paradigma participativo, se ha desarrollado un análisis crítico del principal objeto de estudio: las rutas del exilio del MUME. Una muestra del equipo de educación patrimonial del museo ha sido la principal fuente de información. El conjunto de datos recabados ha sido estructurado en tres grandes bloques, que facilitan el análisis de la didáctica de la memoria histórica en el contexto de la educación patrimonial. Se concluye reconociendo que el factor experiencial vinculado a las rutas, así como el poder evocador ligado a los lugares de memoria, dotan a la didáctica de la memoria histórica de un alto grado de impacto educativo.
Snapshots of the Mind
Authors: Klein Gary 
Published: October 2022

How people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems in real-world settings.
Gary Klein, author of the bestselling Sources of Power, is the cognitive psychologist who discovered how people actually make decisions, particularly under time pressure and uncertainty. In Snapshots of the Mind, he offers a set of short essays—“snapshots” of different aspects of cognitive functioning in real-world settings that will help us learn to recognize the cognitive processes that underlie and drive performance. In these essays Klein provides practical tools for escaping fixation on initial hunches and learning to detect the ways that people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems.
Snapshots of the Mind grows out of the Naturalistic Decision Making movement, which studies how decision makers handle uncertainty and complexity in high-stakes situations. In the essays, Klein examines how people make tough choices and assessments in the real-world, discussing such topics as training, information technology, teamwork, expertise, and insights. Debunking the idea that artificial intelligence will soon take over human decision making, he argues instead for machines that make us smarter and expand our expertise. He describes his Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, which has been incorporated into Army doctrine and was one of the inspirations for Malcolm Gladwell's Blink. Snapshots of the Mind offers fresh takes on such topics as confirmation bias, anomaly detection, intuition, anticipatory thinking and perspective-taking. Readers come away attuned to the primary aspects of expert cognition: the mindsets, mental models, and perceptual sensitivity.
Comprehensive screening of low nitrogen tolerant maize based on multiple traits at the seedling stage
Authors: Miao Jianjia , Shi Fei , Li Wei , Zhong Ming , Li Cong , Chen Shuisen 
Published: October 2022

Background
Plants tolerant to low nitrogen are a quantitative trait affected by many factors, and the different parameters were used for stress-tolerant plant screening in different investigations. But there is no agreement on the use of these indicators. Therefore, a method that can integrate different parameters to evaluate stress tolerance is urgently needed.

Methods
Six maize genotypes were subject to low nitrogen stress for twenty days. Then seventeen traits of the six maize genotypes related to nitrogen were investigated. Nitrogen tolerance coefficient (NTC) was calculated as low nitrogen traits to high nitrogen traits. Then principal component analysis was conducted based on the NTC. Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, a D value (decimal comprehensive evaluation value) was introduced to evaluate maize tolerant to low nitrogen.

Results
Three maize (SY998, GEMS42-I and GEMS42-II) with the higher D value have better growth and higher nitrogen accumulation under low nitrogen conditions. In contrast, Ji846 with the lowest D value has the lowest nitrogen accumulation and biomass in response to nitrogen limitation. These results indicated that the D value could help to screen low nitrogen tolerant maize, given that the D value was positively correlated with low nitrogen tolerance in maize seedlings.

Conclusions
The present study introduced the D value to evaluate stress tolerance. The higher the D value, the greater tolerance of maize to low nitrogen stress. This method may reduce the complexity of the investigated traits and enhance the accuracy of stress-tolerant evaluation. In addition, this method not only can screen potentially tolerant germplasm for low-nitrogen tolerance quickly, but also can comprise the correlated traits as many as possible to avoid the one-sidedness of a single parameter.
Goods and Services and Equivalent Economic Benefits of Sand Dunes of India
Authors: Ramesh Devaraj Asir , Muthukrishnan L. , Karthi N. , Dhivya S. 
Published: October 2022

Sand dunes are simply an extension of the beach which is a reservoir of sand, during storms when the waves erode the dune and carry the sand into the sea. They are providing habitat for shellfish, birds, rodents, and ungulates. They have been used for coastal defense, water catchment areas, agriculture purposes, mining, and housing. Many of the goods and services produced by the sand dunes are not easily quantified and accounted for since they are not being traded in the formal market. Hence, many of the environmental benefits have been often neglected or even ignored by the economy, industry, coastal communities, and other stakeholders. Systematic accounting of the benefits shall enlighten the relationship between environmental function, human dependency, and economics. Though there are many goods and services, economic assessment of sand dune landforms is scarce.
Estimated values of sand dune landforms allow policymakers to assess the benefits that society gains from the environmental feature. The monetary value of sand dune landforms goods and services shall be a tool to raise awareness and convey the (relative) importance of the environmental feature to the general public and policymakers. In addition, the monetary value shall support decision-making on the allocation of resources for competing uses. This policy paper analysis assesses the economic value of sand dune landforms to wise use of the sand dune and sustainable management of the coastal environment.
This policy paper used the Benefit Transfer method to estimate the equivalent economic benefit of the sand dune landforms. The monetary benefit of sand dunes in a one-hectare area of the sand dune has been estimated at Rs.8220002/ha./yr =US$ 176103.66(average). Sand dunes have been distributed in 1231 patches with a total area of 32445 ha. Using the average value of sand dune benefits, the equivalent economic benefit from sand dunes of India cost Rs. 26670 crore/yr.=US$ 5.71 billion. Among the coastal States and UTs, Andhra Pradesh State has a huge area (11594 ha.) of sand dunes which share Rs. 9530 crore/yr.=US$ 2.04 billion which occupies 36% of the total sand dunes of India.