bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Dimensional Composite Frame as Bifunctional Catalytic Medium for Ultra-Fast Charging Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Tian Shuhao , Zeng Qi , Liu Guo , Huang Juanjuan , Sun Xiao , Wang Di , Yang Hongcen , Liu Zhe , Mo Xichao , Wang Zhixia , Tao Kun , Peng Shanglong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) between electrodes and slow reaction kinetics lead to extreme inefficiency and poor high current cycling stability, which limits the commercial application of Li–S batteries. Herein, the multi-dimensional composite frame has been proposed as the modified separator (MCCoS/PP) of Li–S battery, which is composed of CoS2 nanoparticles on alkali-treated MXene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes. Both experiments and theoretical calculations show that bifunctional catalytic activity can be achieved on the MCCoS/PP separator. It can not only promote the liquid–solid conversion in the reduction process, but also accelerate the decomposition of insoluble Li2S in the oxidation process. In addition, LiPSs shuttle effect has been inhibited without a decrease in lithium-ion transference numbers. Simultaneously, the MCCoS/PP separator with good LiPSs adsorption capability arouses redistribution and fixing of active substances, which is also beneficial to the rate performance and cycling stability. The Li–S batteries with the MCCoS/PP separator have a specific capacity of 368.6 mAh g−1 at 20C, and the capacity decay per cycle is only 0.033% in 1000 cycles at 7C. Also, high area capacity (6.34 mAh cm−2) with a high sulfur loading (7.7 mg cm−2) and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (7.5 μL mg−1) is achieved.
Agenda-Setting for COVID-19: A Study of Large-Scale Economic News Coverage Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Lu Guang , Businger Martin , Dollfus Christian , Wozniak Thomas , Fleck Matthes , Heroth Timo , Lock Irina , Lipenkova Janna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the past two years, organizations and businesses have been forced to constantly adapt and develop effective responses to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The acuteness, global scale and intense dynamism of the situation make online news and information even more important for making informed management and policy decisions. This paper focuses on the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to examine the news media as the main source of information and agenda-setters of public discourse over an eight-month period. The aim of this study is to understand which economic topics news media focused on alongside the dominant health coverage, which topics did not surface, and how these topics influenced each other and evolved over time and space. To this end, we used an extensive open-source dataset of over 350,000 media articles on non-medical aspects of COVID-19 retrieved from over 60 top-tier business blogs and news sites. We referred to the World Economic Forum’s Strategic Intelligence taxonomy to categorize the articles into a variety of topics. In doing so, we found that in the early days of COVID-19, the news media focused predominantly on reporting new cases, which tended to overshadow other topics, such as the economic impact of the virus. Different independent news sources reported on the same topics, showing a herd behavior of the news media during this global health crisis. However, a temporal analysis of news distribution in relation to its geographic focus showed that the rise in COVID-19 cases was associated with an increase in media coverage of relevant socio-economic topics. This research helps prepare for the prevention of social and economic crises when decision-makers closely monitor news coverage of viruses and related topics in other parts of the world. Thus, monitoring the news landscape on a global scale can support decision-making in social and economic crises. Our analyses point to ways in which this monitoring and issues management can be improved to remain alert to social dynamics and market changes.
The effects of astronomically forced climate change on hemipelagic carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active setting: the Albian Mioño Formation in Castro Urdiales (Cantabria, N Spain)
Authors: Payros Aitor , Martínez-Braceras Naroa , Agirrezabala Luis M. , Dinarès-Turell Jaume , Rosales Idoia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur understanding of the stratigraphic expression of astronomically driven climate-change cycles in the Milankovitch frequency band has improved significantly in recent decades. However, several aspects have been little studied to date, such as the nature of the climatically regulated environmental processes that ultimately control cyclic sedimentation. Similarly, relatively little is known about the expression of Milankovitch cycles in successions accumulated in tectonically active basins. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the Albian hemipelagic deposits of the Mioño Formation exposed in Castro Urdiales (Basque-Cantabrian Basin) are studied herein. These deposits were accumulated during a rifting phase with strong tectonic activity. The sedimentological, petrographic and cyclostratigraphic analysis demonstrates that, despite the synsedimentary tectonic instabilities and some diagenetic overprinting, the hemipelagic carbonate alternation was astronomically forced 110.68–110.47 Ma. Seasonality fluctuations driven by precession cycles caused periodic (20 ky) variations in the rate of carbonate productivity (abundance of pelagic calcareous plankton and micrite exported from adjacent shallow-water areas) and/or siliceous dilution (terrestrially derived siliciclastic sediment supply and siliceous particle production by sponges). These variations resulted in the formation of marly limestone beds when annual seasonality was low (i.e., boreal summer at aphelion, winter at perihelion) and the accumulation of marlstones when seasonality increased (i.e., boreal summer at perihelion, winter at aphelion). The incidence of these processes increased and decreased in line with seasonality modulation by short-eccentricity cycles of 100 ky. In conclusion, this study shows that Milankovitch cycles can be reliably recorded in hemipelagic successions accumulated in tectonically active settings if sediment gravity flows or other disturbances do not affect autochthonous sedimentation.
Machine Learning Workflow to Explain Black-Box Models for Early Alzheimer’s Disease Classification Evaluated for Multiple Datasets
Authors: Bloch Louise , Friedrich Christoph M. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

AbstractHard-to-interpret black-box Machine Learning (ML) was often used for early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) detection. To interpret eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) black-box models, a workflow based on Shapley values was developed. All models were trained on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and evaluated for an independent ADNI test set, as well as the external Australian Imaging and Lifestyle flagship study of Ageing (AIBL), and Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) datasets. Shapley values were compared to intuitively interpretable Decision Trees (DTs), and Logistic Regression (LR), as well as natural and permutation feature importances. To avoid the reduction of the explanation validity caused by correlated features, forward selection and aspect consolidation were implemented. Some black-box models outperformed DTs and LR. The forward-selected features correspond to brain areas previously associated with AD. Shapley values identified biologically plausible associations with moderate-to-strong correlations with feature importances. The most important RF features to predict AD conversion were the volume of the amygdalae and a cognitive test score. Good cognitive test performances and large brain volumes decreased the AD risk. The models trained using cognitive test scores significantly outperformed brain volumetric models ($$p<0.05$$

p
<
0.05

). Cognitive Normal (CN) vs. AD models were successfully transferred to external datasets. In comparison to previous work, improved performances for ADNI and AIBL were achieved for CN vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) classification using brain volumes. The Shapley values and the feature importances showed moderate-to-strong correlations.
Chord Function Recognition as Latent State Transition
Authors: Uehara Yui , Tojo Satoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an unsupervised learning of chord classification aiming at an autonomous recognition of chord functions. In this research, we employ hidden semi-Markov model to incorporate music metrical structure, and in addition, we combine the model with neural network components to embed context information such as beat positions and preceding chord sequences. Experimental results show that the added contexts considerably improve the perplexity. With the help of these neural networks, the proposed model automatically learns hidden states that appropriately represent chord categories. To this purpose, we pre-process the dataset minimally; that is, we only transpose pieces so as not to possess key signatures and ignore octave positions in pitch events. We observe the chord categories effectively cover chords that appeared in the corpus. We further show that the transitions between chord categories reflect the difference of tonalities with a tendency consistent with known chord functions.
Alien versus alien: spatiotemporal overlaps among introduced ungulates in a Mediterranean island ecosystem
Authors: Fedele Ettore , Mori Emiliano , Giampaoli Rustichelli Margherita , Del Sala Federico , Giannini Francesca , Meriggi Matteo , Santini Giacomo , Zaccaroni Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessing the spatiotemporal behaviour of alien species is pivotal to designing effective management plans. Interspecific niche partitioning among ungulates is reported as a strategy to avoid direct interactions. The Mediterranean mouflon and wild boar are two ungulates introduced to Elba island for hunting and aesthetic purposes. We used intensive camera trapping to test whether species occupancy and temporal activity rhythms would vary in response to the presence or absence of the co-occurring species through multi-species occupancy modelling. Our findings report a lack of spatial and temporal segregation between the two species for the late spring–summer and late summer–autumn seasons. In contrast, results for the winter–early spring period suggest that spatial partitioning between wild boar and mouflon is present in areas with high artificial cover (e.g., paved roads). Animals may indeed exploit roads to move more rapidly in search of food; however, their occurrence in these areas seems to be influenced by the presence of the other species.
Ethics and diversity in artificial intelligence policies, strategies and initiatives
Authors: Roche Cathy , Wall P. J. , Lewis Dave 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA burgeoning of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in recent years has led to increased discussion about its potential to address many issues considered otherwise intractable, including those highlighted by the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and associated Sustainable Development Goals. In tandem with this growth in AI is an expanding body of documentation regarding how such advanced technologies should be governed and managed. Issued by a variety of sources and comprising frameworks, policies and guidelines, this body of work encompasses the legal, social, ethical and policy issues around AI. With at least 470 such documents identified, as of May 2021, in the Council of Europe’s tracker of AI initiatives, questions are emerging around the diversity of views expressed, especially regarding the influence of the Global North or Euro-American perspectives. Our previous analysis of a corpus of largely grey literature discovered blind spots regarding both gender representation and perspectives from the Global South. Expanding on that work, this paper examines a significantly extended corpus, with a focus on the role of underrepresented groups in the wider AI discourse. We find that voices from the Global South and consideration of alternative ethical approaches are largely absent from the conversation. In light of the prominence of social, cultural and ethical perspectives from the Global North, this paper explores implications for the development of standards for ethical AI. Concluding by offering approaches to incorporate more diverse ethical viewpoints and beliefs, we call for increased consideration of power structures when developing AI ethics policies and standards within these alternative socio-cultural and socio-economic contexts.
Understanding risk with FOTRES?
Authors: Räz Tim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present paper examines the recidivism risk assessment instrument FOTRES, addressing the questions whether FOTRES provides us with an adequate understanding of risk, whether we actually understand FOTRES itself, and whether FOTRES is fair. The evaluation of FOTRES uses the criteria of empirical accuracy, representational accuracy, domain of validity, intelligibility, and fairness. This evaluation is compared to that of COMPAS, a different, much-discussed risk assessment instrument. The paper argues that FOTRES performs poorly in comparison to COMPAS with respect to some of the criteria, and that both FOTRES and COMPAS do not show a satisfactory performance with respect to other criteria.
The societal impact of the metaverse
Authors: Henz Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the 1920s developed a new artistic and cultural movement called “Surrealism”, which not only included the revolutionary paintings and sculptures, but also philosophical texts and novels. Around 100 years later, the arrival of the Metaverse with its independence of physical laws promises to bring Surrealism to a next level. On the other hand, the pure market power of some of the companies developing their concepts may limit this potential freedom for the users. As observed with social media platforms, inside the initial competition, various providers had to close their platforms, leading to today’s oligopoly. This means less choice for the users and a stronger position of the providers to create solutions maximizing their economic benefit. Today, independent companies work on their visions of the Metaverse, but unequal starting positions may make it difficult for them to compete with the established competitors. Similar to the attractivity of social media, also the Metaverse requires a high number of active users and service providers (private companies, but also governmental offices), fostering the tendency to an oligopoly. Based on literature, economy, psychology, and art, this paper discusses the opportunities and risks of the Metaverse, including an outlook on a predicted societal impact, especially laying its focus on the holistic connections of the different points of view. As the Metaverse only appeared in smaller parts yet, academic papers are still lacking. One aim of this article is to start an academic discussion. So far, actual concepts had been widely inspired by popular science fiction novels, ignoring Ray Bradbury’s thoughts: “It’s ‘prevent the future,’ that’s the way I put it. Not predict it, prevent it”.
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Usami Noriko , Asano Yoshitaka , Ikegame Yuka , Takei Hiroaki , Yamada Yuichi , Yano Hirohito , Shinoda Jun 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:Objective:To measure regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu) in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOCs) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).Methods:This retrospective cohort study examined 50 patients (mean age: 40.9 ± 20.1 years) with traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced chronic DOCs [minimally conscious state (MCS)+, n = 20; MCS−, n = 15 and vegetative state (VS), n = 15]. We measured FDG-PET-based CMRGlu values in 12 regions of both brain hemispheres and compared those among MCS+, MCS − and VS patients.Results:In both hemispheres, the regional CMRGlu reduced with consciousness deterioration in 11 of 12 regions (91.7%). In seven right hemisphere regions, CMRGlu values were markedly higher in MCS+ patients than in MCS− patients. Furthermore, CMRGlu was suggestively higher in the left occipital region in MCS− patients than in VS patients.Conclusion:Functional preservation in the left occipital region in patients with chronic DOCs might reflect an awareness of external environments, whereas extensive functional preservation in the right cerebral hemisphere might reflect communication motivation.
Mentoring strategies to support diversity in research-focused junior faculty: A scoping review
Authors: Williams Joni S. , Walker Rebekah J. , Burgess Kaylin M. , Shay L. Aubree , Schmidt Susanne , Tsevat Joel , Campbell Jennifer A. , Dawson Aprill Z. , Ozieh Mukoso N. , Phillips Shane A. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this scoping review is two-fold: to assess the literature that quantitatively measures outcomes of mentorship programs designed to support research-focused junior faculty and to identify mentoring strategies that promote diversity within academic medicine mentoring programs.

Methods:
Studies were identified by searching Medline using MESH terms for mentoring and academic medicine. Eligibility criteria included studies focused on junior faculty in research-focused positions, receiving mentorship, in an academic medical center in the USA, with outcomes collected to measure career success (career trajectory, career satisfaction, quality of life, research productivity, leadership positions). Data were abstracted using a standardized data collection form, and best practices were summarized.

Results:
Search terms resulted in 1,842 articles for title and abstract review, with 27 manuscripts meeting inclusion criteria. Two studies focused specifically on women, and four studies focused on junior faculty from racial/ethnic backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. From the initial search, few studies were designed to specifically increase diversity or capture outcomes relevant to promotion within academic medicine. Of those which did, most studies captured the impact on research productivity and career satisfaction. Traditional one-on-one mentorship, structured peer mentorship facilitated by a senior mentor, and peer mentorship in combination with one-on-one mentorship were found to be effective strategies to facilitate research productivity.

Conclusion:
Efforts are needed at the mentee, mentor, and institutional level to provide mentorship to diverse junior faculty on research competencies and career trajectory, create a sense of belonging, and connect junior faculty with institutional resources to support career success.
The associated impact of standardized admission screening on vancomycin-resistant Enterococci bloodstream infections
Authors: Pfister Ted R. , Chow Blanda , Shen Ye , Ellison Jennifer , Bush Kathryn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine whether discontinuing active screening for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Alberta, Canada, acute-care facilities had an associated impact on the rate of rise of hospital-acquired (HA) VRE bloodstream infection (VRE-BSI).Setting:Acute-care facilities in Alberta, Canada.Patients:All patients who were admitted to Alberta Health Services or Covenant Health acute-care facilities between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and who met the definition for hospital-acquired VRE-BSI were included in the analyses.Methods:An intervention time-series Poisson regression was used to determine the slope change in VRE incidence between the pre- and postintervention (screening) periods. The patient population was separated into 3 cohorts: group 1 (low risk, VRE screening stopped), group 2 (high risk, VRE screening stopped), and group 3 (high risk, VRE screening continued). For all groups, a level- and slope-change model was used.Results:We did not find a statistically significant difference in the slope change or rate of rise in VRE-BSI before and after the intervention, with incidence rate ratio (IRRs) of 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.982–1.049), 1.025 (95% CI, 0.967–1.086), and 0.989 (95% CI, 0.924–1.059) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.Conclusions:In Alberta, the rate of HA VRE-BSI has remained consistent, and our findings indicate that there has been no increase in the rate of rise of HA VRE-BSI in sites or units that discontinued screening for VRE, regardless of patient risk group.
Conditional Probabilities and Symmetric Grounding
Authors: Brenner Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractI present new counterexamples to the asymmetry of grounding: we have prima facie reason to think that some conditional probabilities partially ground their inverse conditional probabilities, and vice versa. These new counterexamples may require that we reject the asymmetry of grounding or, alternatively, that we reject one or more of the assumptions (regarding, e.g., the correct interpretation of probability) that enable the counterexamples. Either way, by reflecting on these purported counterexamples to grounding asymmetry, we learn something important, either about the formal properties of grounding or about the nature of probability (or both).
QUASICONTINUITY, NONATTRACTING POINTS, DISTRIBUTIVE CHAOS AND RESISTANCE TO DISRUPTIONS
Authors: KUCHARSKA MELANIA , PAWLAK RYSZARD J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe prove that any continuous function can be locally approximated at a fixed point
$x_{0}$
by an uncountable family resistant to disruptions by the family of continuous functions for which
$x_{0}$
is a fixed point. In that context, we also consider the property of quasicontinuity.
Bilateral Ménière's disease according to its form of debut: synchronous and metachronous disease
Authors: Pérez-Carbonell T , Orts-Alborch M , Pla-Gil I , Pérez-Guilén V , Tenías-Burrillo J M , Marco-Algarra J , Pérez-Garrigues H 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveBilateral Ménière's disease is classified according to the time of appearance of symptoms in each ear into synchronous and metachronous types. A descriptive longitudinal study, involving 59 bilateral Ménière's disease patients, was carried out to assess the two forms of bilateral Ménière's disease.MethodData on symptomatic chronology in each ear, auditory evolution and evolution of vertiginous crisis, among other aspects, were obtained, analysed and compared. Possible risk factors for Ménière's disease becoming bilateral were analysed after conducting nested case–control studies in a cohort.ResultsThe metachronous form was seen in 76.3 per cent of cases, and the time it took for the disease to become bilateral took a median time of seven years. The symptomatic triad was the most frequent symptomatic debut for the first ear in both forms. Synchronous debut presented a greater average hearing loss. Suffering from migraine and a symptomatic onset with a greater number of symptoms appear to be possible predictors of conversion to bilateral Ménière's disease.ConclusionBilateral Ménière's disease temporal models presented differences. The study of them helps to better understand, prevent and predict the behaviour of these patients.