bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster‐Based Crystalline Materials for Iodine Capture
Authors: Wang San‐Tai , Liu Ya‐Jie , Zhang Cheng‐Yang , Yang Fan , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe treatment of radioactive iodine in nuclear waste has always been a critical issue of social concern. The rational design of targeted and efficient capture materials is of great significance to the sustainable development of the ecological environment. In recent decades, crystalline materials have served as a molecular platform to study the binding process and capture mechanism of iodine molecules, enabling people to understand the interaction between radioactive iodine guests and pores intuitively. Cluster‐based crystalline materials, including molecular clusters and cluster‐based metal‐organic frameworks, are emerging candidates for iodine capture due to their aggregative binding sites, precise structural information, tunable pores/packing patterns, and abundant modifications. Herein, recent progress of different types of cluster materials and cluster‐dominated metal‐organic porous materials for iodine capture is reviewed. Research prospects, design strategies to improve the affinity for iodine and possible capture mechanisms are discussed.
Tantalum Capacitor Separation from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Molten Salt or Metal
Authors: Riedewald Frank , Povey Ian , Barton Killian , Lewis Liam , Santos Silvia , O'Mahoney Maria , Sousa‐Gallagher Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTantalum is the crucial metal of surface‐mounted (SMD) tantalum capacitors. Some 50 % of the tantalum mined is consumed in its manufacture, making waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) an excellent source of secondary tantalum. Yet, its recycling rate is less than 1 %. This paper proposes liberating SMD capacitors from WPCBs by treating them with molten metal or salt. For both processes, the epoxy encapsulation of the capacitors did not disengage from the tantalum core. Furthermore, the molten metal process appears superior to the molten salt one. The tantalum capacitors exit the pyrolysis chamber without salt adhering to them.
Modeling Study on Non‐Uniform Lateral Distribution in Large‐Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers
Authors: Deng Boyu , Zhang Yi , Zhang Man , Yang Hairui , Yue Guangxi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the development of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology, the cross‐sectional area of the boiler furnace increases gradually, making the lateral non‐uniform distribution in the furnace more prominent. To investigate the flow field inhomogeneity in the furnace, a two‐dimensional mass balance model was established in this work, and the lateral solid concentration deviation was adopted to evaluate the degree of the flow field inhomogeneity. Afterwards, the effect of four factors on the lateral non‐uniform distribution was examined. It turned out that the lateral profile of the primary air flow rate had a much greater influence than that of the coal feeding rate.
A novel predictive homotopic path tracking algorithm to solve non‐linear algebraic equations
Authors: López‐González María de la Luz , Quemada‐Villagómez Miriam Lucero , Martinez‐González Gloria María , Oliveros‐Muñoz Juan Manuel , Jiménez‐Islas Hugo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn chemical engineering and other areas of mathematics and engineering sciences, systems of non‐linear algebraic equations often must be solved, and a problem is that these types of systems often cannot be solved analytically. Homotopic continuation methods are globally convergent and can find several solutions to the analyzed algebraic system and consist of a predictive step followed by a corrective step, which can cause reversion of homotopic path tracking. Therefore, in this work, the use of a homotopy continuation method (HCM) based on a purely predictive methodology is proposed; that is, it only makes use of predictor vectors (without correction vectors) to find the solution to several systems of non‐linear algebraic equations with a multiplicity of solutions, employing lower central proccessing unit (CPU) time in comparison with standard homotopic tracking algorithms.
Recent Developments in Process Digitalisation for Advanced Nanomaterial Syntheses
Authors: Iglesias Diego , Haddad Dina , Sans Victor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigitalisation and industry 4.0 are set to profoundly change the way chemical and materials discovery and development work. The integration of multiple enabling technologies such as flow synthesis, automation, analytics, and real‐time reaction control lead to highly efficient, productive, data‐driven discovery and synthetic protocols. For instance, the development of flow chemistry enables the fine control and automation of process parameters such as flow rates, temperature, and pressure, which inherently enhances process efficiency. Flow chemistry presents a more sustainable means of manufacturing in terms of waste minimisation, as it enables the integration of synthetic processes with downstream processing. Furthermore, it allows the integration of analytical techniques to provide in situ process monitoring of large amounts of process and product data. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) techniques allows rapid decision making that can optimise existing processes, and it has also been applied in the discovery of novel materials, synthetic pathways and chemicals. All this is contributing to an effective digitalisation of chemical and material synthetic processes from the laboratory to large‐scale industrial deployment.This paper presents recent developments in the effective digitalisation of chemical synthetic processes which integrates continuous flow synthesis, analytics and artificial intelligence technologies. Specifically, this paper illustrates the emerging trend of process digitalisation through the advanced syntheses of materials with catalytic, optical and optoelectronic applications.
The value of routine bone marrow examination in patients with extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma staged with PET/CT
Authors: Yang Yong , Wang Ji‐Jin , Zhao Rui‐Zhi , Huang Cheng , Shi Gui‐Qing , Zheng Hao , Tang Tian‐Lan , Liao Si‐Qin , Chen Jin‐Hua , Shen Jian‐Zhen , Liu Ting‐Bo , Xu Ben‐Hua , Zhang Yu‐Jing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited evidence supports the omission of routine bone marrow (BM) examination (biopsy and aspiration) in patients with nasal‐type extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). This study was aimed at assessing whether BM examination provides valuable information for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)–based staging in this patient population.Patients and MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with ENKTCL who underwent initial staging with both PET/CT and BM examination between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively identified in two Chinese institutions. Overall, 742 patients were included; the BM examination was positive in 67 patients.ResultsCompared with BM biopsy alone, the combination of BM biopsy and aspiration assessment did not afford any additional diagnostic value. No patient with a positive BM biopsy was found to have early‐stage disease by PET/CT. BM biopsy or PET/CT led to upstaging from stage III to IV as a result of BM involvement in 21 patients. In 135 patients with distant organ involvement, BM involvement was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with the corresponding durations in patients without BM involvement (2‐year OS: 35.9% vs. 60.4%, p < .001; PFS: 26% vs. 40.7%, p = .003). No difference in survival was noted between groups judged positive based on PET/CT and BM biopsy.ConclusionCompared with aspiration, BM biopsy led to the detection of more BM lesions. Baseline PET/CT can be safely used to exclude BM involvement in early‐stage disease. Overall, routine BM examination affords diagnostic or prognostic value over PET/CT in patients with advanced‐stage nasal‐type ENKTCL.
Effect of Oriented Assemblies of SrTiO3 with Exposed (200) Plane on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Vijay Aditi , Priya S Shanmuga , Terranova Umberto , Maity Madhusudan , Vaidya Sonalika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of crystallographic orientation of the assemblies of SrTiO3 (formed on a glass substrate) on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. For this, we have successfully synthesized nanocubes of SrTiO3 through a hydrothermal method. Assemblies on the glass substrate were formed by using functionalized/non‐functionalized oxide over functionalized/non‐functionalized glass substrate. The functionalization of the oxides and the glass substrate was carried out using IPTMS (3‐iodopropyltrimethoxy silane). Uniform assemblies of nanocubes of SrTiO3 with the particles oriented with (200) plane as the exposed surface were formed. The performance of these oriented assemblies was evaluated for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Theoretical studies were carried out to understand the mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over the oriented assemblies of SrTiO3.
Comparison of CdS Thin Films Prepared by the Traditional and Shallow Chemical Bath Deposition Method
Authors: Alvarado Jose Alberto , Ramírez‐Velasco S. , Reyes‐Gracia A. , Vigil‐Galán O. , Hernández‐Calderón V. , Cuapio Rene Perez , Roque J. , Arce‐Plaza A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical bath deposition (CBD) is one of the most used methods for CdS thin films deposition, but nevertheless, the by‐product from the reaction constitutes a source of gross contamination. To reduce these residues, shallow‐CBD (S‐CBD) is proposed as an alternative method. Albeit this method only requires 25% of solution compared to traditional‐CBD (T‐CDB), making this method suitable to be used in device fabrication technology. In this work, a comparison between both techniques idone through the optical (UV–vis), structural (X‐ray diffraction), morphology (scanning electron microscopy), and electrical properties such as four‐point resistivity and temperature–current dependence from CdS layers analysis, deposited by S‐CBD and T‐CBD, is reported.
CSR variability, managerial risk aversion, and hostile takeover threats
Authors: Likitapiwat Takakorn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe quiet life hypothesis argues that, when managers are insulated from the discipline of the takeover market, they tend to be less ambitious, avoiding risky and complex investments that require more managerial time and efforts. In other words, they prefer to live a “quiet life.” Exploiting a distinctive measure of takeover vulnerability principally based on the staggered passage of state legislations, we investigate the quiet life hypothesis using corporate social performance. Our results show that more takeover exposure significantly raises CSR variability, consistent with the prediction of the quiet life hypothesis, where managers adopt riskier CSR strategies and investments when they are more exposed to takeover threats, resulting in higher CSR volatility. Specifically, an increase in takeover exposure by one standard deviation raises CSR variability by 5.23%–6.73%. Additional analysis corroborates the results, including propensity score matching, instrumental‐variable analysis, Lewbel's heteroscedastic identification, and entropy balancing.
A dual‐band semi‐circular patch antenna for WiMAX and WiFi‐5/6 applications
Authors: Paul Liton Chandra , Saha Himel Kumar , Rani Tithi , Azim Rezaul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Samsuzzaman Md 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA semi‐circular patch antenna (SCPA) is designed for WiMAX and WiFi‐5/6 communications. The footprint of the proposed SCPA is only 30 × 40 × 1.575 mm3, which is composed of a semi‐circular patch and a partial ground plane. The main strength of this work is that the estimated wide dual‐frequency span of 2.39–3.75 GHz and 5.39–7.18 GHz are contributed with two sharp resonances at 2.77 and 6.46 GHz, respectively. The proposed SCPA has been practically tested after fabrication. The measured results confirm that the designed antenna achieved the bandwidth necessity for WiMAX 1.5 (2.5–2.69 GHz), WiMAX 2 (3.4–3.6 GHz), WiFi‐5 (5.15–5.85 GHz) and WiFi‐6 (5.925–7.125 GHz). In the two resonance frequencies of 2.77 and 6.46 GHz, the designed antenna achieved a gain of 2.558 and 4.109 dB, respectively. In addition, the SCPA also manifests good radiation properties and achieves an average efficiency of more than 90%. A professional version of the 3D electromagnetic simulator is utilized to examine the effect of diffident parameters and model the tested antenna.
Diagnostic pitfalls and the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization as an adjunct to cytologic evaluation of bile duct brushings in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can present diagnostic difficulties on bile duct brushings as cytologic features mimicking adenocarcinoma may exist. This study evaluates the role of fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) as an adjunct to cytologic evaluation.MethodsFrom January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021, 308 bile duct brushings were processed of which 34 (11%) were malignant, 25 (8%) were suspicious, 36 (12%) were atypical, 204 (66%) were negative and 10 (3%) were nondiagnostic. Follow‐up biopsies/resections were performed in the 95 cases with diagnostic cytology (atypical/suspicious/malignant) of which 12 (13%) showed primary sclerosing cholangitis and form the basis of this study. Cytologic, histologic and FISH findings are presented and discussed.ResultsOf the 12 bile duct brushings 4 (34%) were positive/suspicious for adenocarcinoma and 8 (66%) showed atypical epithelial cells. FISH was positive in 2/4 positive/suspicious brushings and negative in the remaining 2 brushings. Histologic findings confirmed the FISH results. The cytologic features of the 2 false positive cases overlapped those of adenocarcinoma. Two of the 8 bile duct brushings with atypical epithelial cells were positive/suspicious for adenocarcinoma on FISH analysis; findings confirmed on histologic follow‐up. The remaining 8 patients underwent surveillance for the development of adenocarcinoma with repeat bile duct brushings, FISH analysis and biopsies, each of which has been negative to date.ConclusionFISH, as an adjunct to the cytologic evaluation of bile duct brushings from patients with PSC, plays a role in improving diagnostic accuracy and serves as a surveillance tool for the potential development of adenocarcinoma.
Biogeographic multi‐species occupancy models for large‐scale survey data
Authors: Socolar Jacob B. , Mills Simon C. , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Gilroy James J. , Edwards David P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcologists often seek to infer patterns of species occurrence or community structure from survey data. Hierarchical models, including multi‐species occupancy models (MSOMs), can improve inference by pooling information across multiple species via random effects. Originally developed for local‐scale survey data, MSOMs are increasingly applied to larger spatial scales that transcend major abiotic gradients and dispersal barriers. At biogeographic scales, the benefits of partial pooling in MSOMs trade off against the difficulty of incorporating sufficiently complex spatial effects to account for biogeographic variation in occupancy across multiple species simultaneously. We show how this challenge can be overcome by incorporating preexisting range information into MSOMs, yielding a “biogeographic multi‐species occupancy model” (bMSOM). We illustrate the bMSOM using two published datasets: Parulid warblers in the United States Breeding Bird Survey and entire avian communities in forests and pastures of Colombia's West Andes. Compared with traditional MSOMs, the bMSOM provides dramatically better predictive performance at lower computational cost. The bMSOM avoids severe spatial biases in predictions of the traditional MSOM and provides principled species‐specific inference even for never‐observed species. Incorporating preexisting range data enables principled partial pooling of information across species in large‐scale MSOMs. Our biogeographic framework for multi‐species modeling should be broadly applicable in hierarchical models that predict species occurrences, whether or not false absences are modeled in an occupancy framework.
Life stage and taxonomy the most important factors determining vertebrate stoichiometry: A meta‐analysis
Authors: May Emily M. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhole‐body elemental composition is a key trait for determining how organisms influence their ecosystems. Using mass‐balance, ecological stoichiometry predicts that animals with higher concentrations of element X will selectively retain more X and will recycle less X in their waste than animals with lower X concentrations. These animals will also store high quantities of X during their lives and after their deaths (prior to full decomposition). Vertebrates may uniquely impact nutrient cycling because they store high quantities of phosphorus (P) in their bones. However, vertebrates have diverse body forms and invest variably in bone. Current analyses of vertebrate elemental content predominately evaluate fishes, typically neglecting other vertebrates and leaving much of the diversity unexplored. We performed a systematic review and identified 179 measurements of whole‐body percent phosphorus (%P), percent nitrogen (%N), and N to P ratio (N:P) from 129 unique species of non‐fish vertebrates (amphibians: 39 species; reptiles: 19 species; birds: 27 species; mammals: 46 species). We found that %P (mean: 1.94%; SD [standard deviation] = 0.77) and N:P (mean: 12.52) varied with taxonomy and life stage, while %N (mean: 10.51%; SD = 3.25) varied primarily with taxonomy. Habitat, diet, and size had small and inconsistent effects in different groups. Our study highlights two research gaps. Life stage, which is frequently neglected in stoichiometric studies, is an important factor determining vertebrate %P. Furthermore, amphibians dominate our dataset, while other vertebrate taxa are poorly represented in the current literature. Further research into these neglected vertebrate taxa is essential.
Environmental conditions lead to shifts in individual communication, which can cause cascading effects on soundscape composition
Authors: Pandit Meelyn M. , Bridge Eli S. , Ross Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is increasing aridity in grassland and desert habitats across the southwestern United States, reducing available resources and drastically changing the breeding habitat of many bird species. Increases in aridity reduce sound propagation distances, potentially impacting habitat soundscapes, and could lead to a breakdown of the avian soundscapes in the form of loss of vocal culture, reduced mating opportunities, and local population extinctions. We developed an agent‐based model to examine how changes in aridity will affect both sound propagation and the ability of territorial birds to audibly contact their neighbors. We simulated vocal signal attenuation under a variety of environmental scenarios for the south, central semi‐arid prairies of the United States, ranging from contemporary weather conditions to predicted droughts under climate change. We also simulated how changes in physiological conditions, mainly evaporative water loss (EWL), would affect singing behavior. Under contemporary and climate change‐induced drought conditions, we found that significantly fewer individuals successfully contacted all adjacent neighbors than did individuals in either the contemporary or predicted climate change conditions. We also found that at higher sound frequencies and higher EWL, fewer individuals were able to successfully contact all their neighbors, particularly in drought and climate change drought conditions. These results indicate that climate change‐mediated aridification may alter the avian soundscape, such that vocal communication no longer effectively functions for mate attraction or territorial defense. As climate change progresses, increased aridity in current grasslands may favor shifts toward low‐frequency songs, colonial resource use, and altered songbird community compositions.
No evidence for environmental filtering of cavity‐nesting solitary bees and wasps by urbanization using trap nests
Authors: Xie Garland , Sookhan Nicholas , Carscadden Kelly A. , MacIvor James Scott 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpatial patterns in biodiversity are used to establish conservation priorities and ecosystem management plans. The environmental filtering of communities along urbanization gradients has been used to explain biodiversity patterns but demonstrating filtering requires precise statistical tests to link suboptimal environments at one end of a gradient to lower population sizes via ecological traits. Here, we employ a three‐part framework on observational community data to test: (I) for trait clustering (i.e., phenotypic similarities among co‐occurring species) by comparing trait diversity to null expectations, (II) if trait clustering is correlated with an urbanization graient, and (III) if species' traits relate to environmental conditions. If all criteria are met, then there is evidence that urbanization is filtering communities based on their traits. We use a community of 46 solitary cavity‐nesting bee and wasp species sampled across Toronto, a large metropolitan city, over 3 years to test these hypotheses. None of the criteria were met, so we did not have evidence for environmental filtering. We do show that certain ecological traits influence which species perform well in urban environments. For example, cellophane bees (Hylaeus: Colletidae) secrete their own nesting material and were overrepresented in urban areas, while native leafcutting bees (Megachile: Megachilidae) were most common in greener areas. For wasps, prey preference was important, with aphid‐collecting (Psenulus and Passaloecus: Crabronidae) and generalist spider‐collecting (Trypoxylon: Crabronidae) wasps overrepresented in urban areas and caterpillar‐ and beetle‐collecting wasps (Euodynerus and Symmorphus: Vespidae, respectively) overrepresented in greener areas. We emphasize that changes in the prevalence of different traits across urban gradients without corresponding changes in trait diversity with urbanization do not constitute environmental filtering. By applying this rigorous framework, future studies can test whether urbanization filters other nesting guilds (i.e., ground‐nesting bees and wasps) or larger communities consisting of entire taxonomic groups.