bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Biphasic Hydroxapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Bone Graft Material in the Treatment of Periodontal Vertical Bony Defects – A Clinical and Digital Radiological Measurement Study
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Arora Karandeep Singh , Aggarwal Priyanka , Kaur Kirandeep , Mohapatra Shreeyam , Pareek Shubhangi 
Published: October 2022

Aims and Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate 2 bone graft materials, that is, biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate, in the treatment of periodontal vertical bony defects. In term of attachment level, probing depth and radiographic bone level changes. Also, a new digital method of radiographic assessment was used for measurement of vertical bone defect.

Material and Methods:
Ten subjects with periodontitis and having two or more vertical bony defects were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified randomly into 2 groups. Group I consisted of the experimental site where defect was filled with biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate graft and Group II consisted of control site where only the open flap debridement (OFD) was carried out. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months; Radiographs were taken at baseline and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
Overall, by the end of 6 months, biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate and OFD treatment groups exhibited a significant reduction in probing depth almost by 75% and gain in clinical attachment level at follow-up. In the biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate group, radiographic bone level gain appeared to be greater than in the OFD group.

Conclusion:
In the present study, biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate have shown promising results and have showed reduction in probing depth, a resolution of osseous defects and gain in clinical attachment level when compared to open flap debridement.
Rare Case of Granular Cell Tumour at 16 Years – A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Granular cell tumours (GCTs) of the tongue are a rare, soft tissue pathological entity at young ages. This case report aims to present one such case.

Patient Concerns:
A 16-year-old female patient sought treatment for a small, slow-growing, painless nodule in the dorsum of the tongue since six months. She underwent successful orthodontic treatment in recent past and is in the retention phase.

Diagnosis:
Excisional biopsy revealed the lesion to be a GCT under histopathology.

Treatment:
The patient was treated for an abnormal, small, slow-growing, painless nodule in the dorsum of the tongue.

Outcomes:
The patient had satisfactory esthetics and early diagnosis. The active intervention dispelled the confusion about the role of trauma and orthodontics appliance in the etiology of GCT in this particular case to the patient.

Take-away Lessons:
GCT can occur at any age. Early diagnosis and corrective surgery would help to avoid late complications.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Subgingival Administration of 1% Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis - A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Goswami Varsha , Yeltiwar Ramreddy K. , Kujur Shirish , Agrawal Parul , Bodhi Sonika , Bhatnagar Shruti 
Published: October 2022

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival administration of 1% chlorhexidine gel (Chlorhexamed® 1% gel) in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Settings and Design:
The study was done in a parallel-arm design with a total of 30 patients with 60 sites suffering from chronic periodontitis. The patients were divided into control and experimental groups.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level at baseline, 1 month and 3 month. Microbiological colony-forming units were assessed for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia at baseline, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The control group received scaling and root planing (SRP) after baseline evaluation; however, the experimental group received the application of Chlorhexamed® gel within 48 hours after SRP. Then, the values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
Both groups showed significant improvement from the baseline to 3 months in all clinical and microbiological parameters. The experimental group showed better improvement in all parameters.

Conclusion:
The use of Chlorhexamed® gel has proven to be an efficacious adjunct with SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Malawi ICEMR Malaria Research: Interactions and Results Influencing Health Policies and Practices
Authors: Mangani Charles , Mzilahowa Themba , Cohee Lauren , Kayange Michael , Ntenda Peter , Sixpence Alick , Gumbo Austin , Lankhulani Sosten , Goupeyou-Youmsi Jessy , Walker Edward , Laufer Miriam , Valim Clarissa , Seydel Karl , Wilson Mark L. , Taylor Terrie , Mathanga Don P. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Malaria remains a threat to public health in Malawi. It is well acknowledged that malaria research and robust evidence can have an impact on malaria policy and practice, resulting in positive population health gains. We report policy-relevant research contributions that the Malawi International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) in partnership with local and international collaborators has made. Findings from our ICEMR studies have shown that long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) impregnated with piperonyl butoxide reduced mosquito blood feeding more compared with conventional LLINs. On the other hand, we showed that few LLINs are maintained up to the end of their 3-year life span, and that older nets are less effective. These results support the policy change decisions by the Malawi National Malaria Control Program to switch from conventional LLINs to piperonyl butoxide LLINs, and to conduct mass LLIN distribution campaigns every 2 years. Our studies on epidemiological patterns of malaria infection showed that school-age children have higher malaria infection rates and lower use of control measures compared with younger children and adults. These findings added to the evidence base that influenced the National Malaria Control Program to endorse school-based malaria interventions as part of its national policy. Research supported by the Malawi ICEMR is contributing to in-country policy decisions and to the implementation of evidence-based interventions. Through our long-term studies we intend to continue providing practical and policy-relevant evidence necessary, ultimately, to eliminate malaria infection in Malawi.
Malaria Research for Tailored Control and Elimination Strategies in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Cui Liwang , Bantuchai Sirasate , Chotirat Sadudee , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Khamsiriwatchara Amnat , Kiattibutr Kirakorn , Kyaw Myat Phone , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Linn Nay Yi Yi , Menezes Lynette , Miao Jun , Nguitragool Wang , Parker Daniel , Prikchoo Pathomporn , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sa-angchai Patiwat , Samung Yudthana , Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat , Sriwichai Patchara , Suk-uam Kritsana , Thammapalo Suwich , Wang Baomin , Zhong Daibin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
The malaria landscape in the Greater Mekong Subregion has experienced drastic changes with the ramp-up of the control efforts, revealing formidable challenges that slowed down the progress toward malaria elimination. Problems such as border malaria and cross-border malaria introduction, multidrug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, the persistence of Plasmodium vivax, the asymptomatic parasite reservoirs, and insecticide resistance in primary vectors require integrated strategies tailored for individual nations in the region. In recognition of these challenges and the need for research, the Southeast Asian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research has established a network of researchers and stakeholders and conducted basic and translational research to identify existing and emerging problems and develop new countermeasures. The installation of a comprehensive disease and vector surveillance system at sentinel sites in border areas with the implementation of passive/active case detection and cross-sectional surveys allowed timely detection and management of malaria cases, provided updated knowledge for effective vector control measures, and facilitated the efficacy studies of antimalarials. Incorporating sensitive molecular diagnosis to expose the significance of asymptomatic parasite reservoirs for sustaining transmission helped establish the necessary evidence to guide targeted control to eliminate residual transmission. In addition, this program has developed point-of-care diagnostics to monitor the quality of artemisinin combination therapies, delivering the needed information to the drug regulatory authorities to take measures against falsified and substandard antimalarials. To accelerate malaria elimination, this program has actively engaged with stakeholders of all levels, fostered vertical and horizontal collaborations, and enabled the effective dissemination of research findings.
Evidence-Based Malaria Control and Elimination in the Amazon: Input from the International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research Network in Peru and Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo U. , Gamboa Dionicia , Torres Katherine , Rodriguez-Ferrucci Hugo , Soto-Calle Veronica E. , Pardo Karim , Fontoura Pablo S. , Tomko Sheena S. , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. , Conn Jan E. , Castro Marcia C. , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Vinetz Joseph M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Malaria remains endemic in 17 countries in the Americas, where 723,000 cases were reported in 2019. The majority (> 90%) of the regional malaria burden is found within the Amazon Basin, which includes nine countries and territories in South America. Locally generated evidence is critical to provide information to public health decision makers upon which the design of efficient and regionally directed malaria control and elimination programs can be built. Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite in the Amazon Basin. This parasite species appears to be more resilient to malaria control strategies worldwide. Asymptomatic Plasmodium infections constitute a potentially infectious reservoir that is typically missed by routine microscopy-based surveillance and often remains untreated. The primary Amazonian malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus (formerly Anopheles) darlingi, has changed its behavior to feed and rest predominantly outdoors, reducing the efficiency of core vector control measures such as indoor residual spraying and distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets. We review public health implications of recent field-based research carried out by the Amazonia International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research in Peru and Brazil. We discuss the relative role of traditional and novel tools and strategies for better malaria control and elimination across the Amazon, including improved diagnostic methods, new anti-relapse medicines, and biological larvicides, and emphasize the need to integrate research and public health policymaking.
A Decade of Progress Accelerating Malaria Control in Mali: Evidence from the West Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research
Authors: Doumbia Seydou , Sogoba Nafomon , Diakite Mahamadou , Toure Mahamoudou , Keita Moussa , Konaté Drissa , Diawara Sory I. , Diarra Ayouba , Sanogo Daouda , Kane Fousseyni , Diakite Seidina A. S. , Traore Karim , Thiam Sidibé M’Baye , Traoré Sékou F. , Cisse Idrissa , Mihigo Jules , Coulibaly Mamadou B. , Dabitao Djeneba , Alifrangis Michael , Barry Alyssa E. , Müller Günter C. , Beier John C. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
This article highlights over a decade of signature achievements by the West Africa International Centers for Excellence in Malaria Research (WA-ICEMR) and its partners toward guiding malaria prevention and control strategies. Since 2010, the WA-ICEMR has performed longitudinal studies to monitor and assess malaria control interventions with respect to space-time patterns, vector transmission indicators, and drug resistance markers. These activities were facilitated and supported by the Mali National Malaria Control Program. Research activities included large-scale active and passive surveillance and expanded coverage of universal long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). The findings revealed substantial declines in malaria occurrence after the scale-up of control interventions in WA-ICEMR study sites. WA-ICEMR studies showed that SMC using sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine was highly effective in preventing malaria among children under 5 years of age. An alternative SMC regimen (dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine) was shown to be potentially more effective and provided advantages for acceptability and compliance over the standard SMC regimen. Other findings discussed in this article include higher observed multiplicity of infection rates for malaria in historically high-endemic areas, continued antimalarial drug sensitivity to Plasmodium falciparum, high outdoor malaria transmission rates, and increased insecticide resistance over the past decade. The progress achieved by the WA-ICEMR and its partners highlights the critical need for maintaining current malaria control interventions while developing novel strategies to disrupt malaria transmission. Enhanced evaluation of these strategies through research partnerships is particularly needed in the wake of reported artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and East Africa.
Asia-Pacific ICEMR: Understanding Malaria Transmission to Accelerate Malaria Elimination in the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Mueller Ivo , Vantaux Amelie , Karl Stephan , Laman Moses , Witkowski Benoit , Pepey Anais , Vinit Rebecca , White Michael , Barry Alyssa , Beeson James G. , Robinson Leanne J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Gaining an in-depth understanding of malaria transmission requires integrated, multifaceted research approaches. The Asia-Pacific International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) is applying specifically developed molecular and immunological assays, in-depth entomological assessments, and advanced statistical and mathematical modeling approaches to a rich series of longitudinal cohort and cross-sectional studies in Papua New Guinea and Cambodia. This is revealing both the essential contribution of forest-based transmission and the particular challenges posed by Plasmodium vivax to malaria elimination in Cambodia. In Papua New Guinea, these studies document the complex host–vector–parasite interactions that are underlying both the stunning reductions in malaria burden from 2006 to 2014 and the significant resurgence in transmission in 2016 to 2018. Here we describe the novel analytical, surveillance, molecular, and immunological tools that are being applied in our ongoing Asia-Pacific ICEMR research program.
CONSUMO NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO EM CENÁRIO DE PANDEMIA: INVESTIGAÇÃO DO PERÍODO DE MARÇO DE 2020 A MARÇO DE 2021
Authors: Silva Ferreira Natânia , De Sousa Sueli 
Published: October 2022

Resumo: Os impactos mais profundos e graves da pandemia de Covid-19 para a vida de diversas pessoas dizem respeito à saúde física e mental. Vale ressaltar, entretanto, que a pandemia afetou o cotidiano da população de maneiras distintas, e podemos considerar consequências para outras áreas da vida, como a financeira, que está relacionada com hábitos econômicos, sociais, culturais e de consumo. O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar o consumo na cidade de São Paulo durante uma fase da pandemia de Covid-19, considerando março de 2020 a março de 2021. A principal fonte de dados foi um questionário aplicado a uma amostra aleatória de residentes das cinco regiões de São Paulo (Norte, Sul, Leste, Oeste, Centro). Foi possível notar alterações em hábitos de consumo e novas formas de consumir, decorrentes das transformações econômicas, sociais e culturais oriundas do contexto pandêmico.
Palavras-Chave: Consumo. Consumidores. São Paulo. Pandemia. Hábitos de vida.
Система медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України
Authors: Mykyta O. O. 
Published: October 2022

Мета роботи полягає у підвищенні ефективності надання медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, що проводилось через декомпозицію системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, проведення аналізу її функціонально-організаційних елементів з наступним обґрунтуванням та синтезом багаторівневої функціонально-організаційної моделі, інтегрованої в єдиний медичний простір, що може ефективно функціонувати як у мирний, так і у воєнний час.
Матеріали та методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували законодавча база Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, матеріали власних досліджень стану медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України та наукові публікації щодо особливостей розробки і впровадження територіальної системи медичного забезпечення військ. Методи дослідження: системний підхід та системний аналіз, метод логічного моделювання.
Результати. У статті проведено аналіз принципів формування системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, сформульовано дефініцію «системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України», визначено методологічні основи організації медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України та основні функціональні зв’язки з іншими системами всебічного забезпечення військ і цивільною охороною здоров’я держави.
Висновки. Проведене дослідження дало можливість: сформулювати дефініцію «системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України» ‒ як багатофункціональної трирівневої системи медичного забезпечення з ієрархічною організацією управління, спрямованої на надання якісної медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України та інтегрованої в єдиний медичний простір держави, що може ефективно функціонувати як у мирний, так і у воєнний час. Визначити вимоги до системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, її функції, рівні та основні структурні елементи. Обгрунтувати засади для розробки принципово нової моделі системи медичного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, інтегрованої в єдиний медичний простір держави, що може ефективно функціонувати як у мирний, так і у воєнний час. Визначити основні напрямки інтеграції та взаємодії військової медицини з медичною службою інших міністерств та відомств держави на мирний та воєнний час.
Evaluation of expelled droplets through traditional Islamic face coverings
Authors: Alkhateeb Norah , Almubarak Reem , Aldurayb Shatha , Alanazi Mashael , Alsuliman Fai , Aljabr Reem , Gardner Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Expelled droplet count is an important factor when investigating the efficacy of face coverings since higher droplet counts indicate an increased possibility of disease transmission for airborne viruses such as COVID-19. While there is some published work relating facemask style to expelled droplet count during speech, there is no published data regarding the effectiveness of traditional Islamic face coverings such as the ghutra and niqab commonly worn by men and women in the Arabian Peninsula.

OBJECTIVES:
Measure the effectiveness of worn traditional Islamic face coverings in reducing expelled droplet count during speech.

DESIGN:
Experimental study

SETTING:
Biomedical engineering department at a university in Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Using a previously described low-cost method for quantifying expelled droplets, this study compares droplet counts through commonly worn traditional Islamic face coverings and conventional three-ply surgical masks worn during speech. The device records scattered light from droplets (>5 μm diameter) as they pass through a laser light sheet (520 nm), and then video processing yields droplet counts.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Percent reduction in the number of expelled droplets passing through face coverings during speech compared to no face covering

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
9-15 recorded samples per face covering (n=3) plus no face covering control (n=1) in three females.

RESULTS:
The average percent reduction for each mask type compared to no mask trial was 76% for the cotton ghutra, 93% for the niqab, and 95% for the surgical mask. The niqab and ghutra had relatively high variability in droplet reduction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Traditional Islamic face coverings block some expelled droplets, but at lower rates than surgical masks. High standard deviations within facemask groups with high variability in fit (i.e., the cotton ghutra) further denote the importance of fit in face covering effectiveness. Some protection from airborne viruses is likely with traditional Islamic face coverings compared to no mask, but the amount of protection depends on the fit of the face covering.

LIMITATIONS:
Detectable droplets limited to particles greater than 5 μm diameter with forward expulsion direction.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Meteor radar vertical wind observation biases and mathematical debiasing strategies including the 3DVAR+DIV algorithm
Authors: Stober Gunter , Liu Alan , Kozlovsky Alexander , Qiao Zishun , Kuchar Ales , Jacobi Christoph , Meek Chris , Janches Diego , Liu Guiping , Tsutsumi Masaki , Gulbrandsen Njål , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Mitchell Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Meteor radars have become widely used instruments to study atmospheric dynamics, particularly in the 70 to 110 km altitude region. These
systems have been proven to provide reliable and continuous measurements of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Recently,
there have been many attempts to utilize specular and/or transverse scatter meteor measurements to estimate vertical winds and vertical wind
variability. In this study we investigate potential biases in vertical wind estimation that are intrinsic to the meteor radar observation geometry
and scattering mechanism, and we introduce a mathematical debiasing process to mitigate them. This process makes use of a spatiotemporal Laplace
filter, which is based on a generalized Tikhonov regularization. Vertical winds obtained from this retrieval algorithm are compared to UA-ICON model
data. This comparison reveals good agreement in the statistical moments of the vertical velocity distributions. Furthermore, we present the first
observational indications of a forward scatter wind bias. It appears to be caused by the scattering center's apparent motion along the meteor
trajectory when the meteoric plasma column is drifted by the wind. The hypothesis is tested by a radiant mapping of two meteor showers. Finally, we
introduce a new retrieval algorithm providing a physically and mathematically sound solution to derive vertical winds and wind variability from
multistatic meteor radar networks such as the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster (NORDIC) and the Chilean Observation Network De meteOr Radars
(CONDOR). The new retrieval is called 3DVAR+DIV and includes additional diagnostics such as the horizontal divergence and relative vorticity to
ensure a physically consistent solution for all 3D winds in spatially resolved domains. Based on this new algorithm we obtained vertical velocities
in the range of w = ± 1–2 m s−1 for most of the analyzed data during 2 years of collection, which is consistent with the values reported
from general circulation models (GCMs) for this timescale and spatial resolution.