bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Essential Oil on Growth Performance, Oxidative Indices, Lipid Profile, and Cadmium Accumulation in Cd-exposed Quails
Authors: Askari Elaheh , Fallah Aziz A. , Habibian Dehkordi Saeid , Bahadoran Shahab , Mohebbi Abdonnaser , Mohamadi Sara 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Natural products can alleviate oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. This study evaluated antioxidant properties of clove essential oil (CEO), compared to oxidative deterioration of Cd. It was carried out by measuring growth performance parameters (BW, FI, and FCR), oxidative indices (TBARS, CP, CAT, SOD, and GPx), lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), and Cd bioaccumulation in quails.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 480 Japanese quails were fed with diets for 35 days. The diets included basal diet, basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg), basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), and basal diet + Cd (40 mg/l). Oxidative indices and Cd bioaccumulation (ICP-OES) were measured.
Results: The major ingredients of CEO included Eugenol (77.63%) and β-Caryophyllene (9.55%). Quails exposed to Cd and treated with CEO had a reduced amount of oxidative stress as evidenced by lower concentrations of TBARS and CP, higher activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT, an improved lipid profile, and lower accumulation of Cd compared to the positive control. However, FI and FCR did not change.
Conclusion: Antioxidant properties of CEO were dose-dependent. CEO (450 mg/kg) was potentially as effective as, or even more potent than VC (500 mg/kg) in reducing the adverse effects of Cd. However, further studies are required to determine the minimum concentration of COE.
The Association between Dietary Nitrate Intake and Alanine Transaminase in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Darabi Zahra , Ferns Gordon A , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The effects of dietary nitrate on health are controversial. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of nitrate and liver enzymes among Iranian adolescent girls.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 733 adolescent girls. They were recruited from several schools in different areas in the cities of Mashhad and Sabzevar, northeast region of Iran, by random cluster sampling method. The dietary intake of nitrate was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by auto-analyzer. Linear regression was applied to investigate the correlation between nitrate intake and liver enzymes in crude and adjusted models.
Results: There was a direct association between dietary intake of nitrate and serum levels of ALT in crude [β = 0.117; 95% CI (0.003-0.016); P < 0.01] and adjusted models for energy intake, age, BMI percentile, physical activity, menstruation, father's education, and mother's education [β = 0.128; 95% CI (0.003-0.016); P < 0.01]. No significant associations were found between dietary intake of nitrate and levels of ALP, AST, and GGT in crude or adjusted models.
Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between dietary intake of nitrate and serum concentration of ALT. Longitudinal studies are required to examine the association between dietary nitrate intake and liver functional tests.
Fatalistic beliefs, emotions and attitudes towards COVID-19 prevention among young adults
Authors: Otanga Habil , Ogembo John 
Published: September 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities required adherence to the individual- and group-level protocols with varying levels of success. The study, therefore, sought to identify pathways through which death anxiety, fatalism and fear of COVID-19 predict attitudes towards social distancing. A sample of 160 university students completed an online survey on associations between fatalistic beliefs, selected emotions and attitudes towards social distancing in Kenya. The estimated structural equation model for death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 explained the total variance in attitudes towards social distancing. Fatalism did not moderate associations but insignificantly played a dual role in adherence. Both death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 directly predicted attitudes towards social distancing. Finally, living in a zone labelled as ‘high risk’ predicted higher intentions not to socialise during the pandemic. We recommend that behaviour change interventions incorporate a psychological understanding of risk perception instead of focusing purely on medical approaches.

Keywords: Attitudes, COVID-19, death anxiety, fatalism, fear;
A study on depression among women who have been abused in Jordan
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar , Rababa Elham Mahmoud 
Published: September 2022

Violence against women constitutes a violation of human rights and is one of the most important issues that affect the family, its cohesion and the safety of its members. Most of the studies, conducted on abused women, have indicated that there is a correlation between violence and its effects. This study aimed to identify the level of depression among abused women in Jordan. The sample of the study was deliberately chosen and it included 100 women who were between the ages of 18 and 50 years. To achieve the objectives of the study, Beck’s list of depression was used. To ensure the validity of the results, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results indicated a high level of depression in the study sample of abused women. There were no differences in all dimensions in the depression of abused women following age, social situation and educational level variables.

Keywords: Abused, depression, feelings, violence, women.
India's Export of Livestock and Allied Products
Authors: SACHDEVA J K 
Published: September 2022

One of the main objectives of the governmentsâ€™ export policy is to maximise agricultural exports in order to earn foreign exchange. It also seeks to provide remunerative prices to the farmers while ensuring adequate availability of essential commodities to the domestic consumers at reasonable prices. This paper analyses the Indiaâ€™s exports of livestock and allied products to principal groups of countries in the light of world trade. The direction of trade has been analysed to explore the areas where exports can be given a further boost. Four groups of commodities -1) Live animals, 2) meat and meat preparations, 3) milk and milk products and 4) eggs, honey and other products of animal origin- have been selected for the analysis. Harmonised system of nomenclature classifies the commodities on the basis of origin, use, functions and trade. Exports of select groups of commodities over 10 years have been analysed from the period 1993-1994 to 2002-2003 (in short 1993 to 2002). Importers of Indian products have been arranged in 5 groups- SAARC includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Middle East Group includes UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Bahrain, Turkey, Qatar, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, and Israel. High Income Asian Countries (HIAC) includes Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. High Income Other Countries (HIOC) include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, UK and USA, Rest of World is the fifthÂ group. No country has been repeated in any group.
Khadi and Village Industries in North East India with Special Reference to Arunachal Pradesh: Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna 
Published: September 2022

Originally, Gandhi conceived khadi as the best instrument for giving concrete expression to the Swadeshiâ€™ spirit and for making effective the boycott of foreign goods in general and foreign cloths in particular. Khadi was also expected to provide an opportunity to India for cultivating self-discipline and self-sacrifice as a part of non-cooperation movement. For coordinated development of Khadi throughout the country, Gandhiji set up, the All India Khadi Board (AIKB) with branches in all provinces in December, 1923. This organization was an integral part of the Indian National Congress and worked under its control. Initially the first phase of khadi movement in India started in 1918 and ended in 1924. This paper is based on a study which encompasses the following objectives to ascertain the present scenario of KVI in North East States, to chart out the growth and development of KVI in Arunachal Pradesh, to find out the problems faced by the KV for its growth and development inÂ Â Â Â Â Arunachal Pradesh and to search the solutions of these problems
Development of Information Technology in North-East India with Special Reference to Arunachal Pradesh (Regarding Post Office and Telecommunication)
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna 
Published: September 2022

The Post and Telegraph Department was created by the British administration as an adjunct to effective administrative control over Indian people.Â The department was run on the cost-benefit consideration.Â However, it was also established â€˜to serve the peopleâ€™ (those who could afford to).Â The department was rather slow in adopting new technological innovations.Â But it did increase its network to the length and breadth of the country and with the dawn of independence, the department was geared to the cause of the national priorities and programmes. As a government department, it slowly turned out to be one of the biggest employers of unskilled and semi-skilled persons.Â With the massive emphasis on rural development and overall demand for social transformation, the department did try to modernize itself technologically to meet the ever increasing demands on it.Â As a whole this modernization phase in the department is largely based on technological transfer.Â No serious efforts are being made to ask whether the technological transfer fits in the national policy of self-reliance. In fact, its adoption is based on the principle of trickling down benefits from the top and what is known as technological diffusion. So far North Eastern region in general and Arunachal Pradesh in particular is concerned, it is not only inaccessible from transport, communication and telecommunication point of view, but it is also economically at subsistence level.Â By tradition, the vital resources - land, water, forest and even minerals are controlled by the community, in which technological investment is minimal. The paper explores historical development to present scenario.
Intraplate Volcanism of the Alba Guyot: Geodynamic Formation Models of the Magellan Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean for 100 million years
Authors: Peretyazhko I.S. , Savina E.A. , Pulyaeva I.A. , Yudin D.S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract-We report data on 9 samples of basaltic rocks and a spinel lherzolite xenolith collected during dredging in the area of Alba Guyot (Magellan Seamounts, Pacific Ocean). The data include 40Ar–39Ar ages of five samples and mineral chemistry of rock-forming and accessory minerals and glasses, with implications for the formation conditions of Ti-amphibole in basaltic melts. The upper slope parts at Alba Guyot and its satellite Oma Vlinder at sea depths of 3600 to 2200 m, are composed of ~1400 m thick basaltic rocks that formed within the 112 to 86 Ma interval (40Ar–39Ar plateau ages). Later, in its 60 Myr history postdating the Cretaceous volcanism, the guyot was exposed to erosion, which produced a plateau-like flat top, and underwent another pulse of volcanism in the Cenozoic. Miocene (&lt;20 Ma) eruptions of basanitic magma on the Alba Gyot plateau were associated with petit-spot volcanoes. Judging by the absence of hyaloclastic deposits around those volcanoes and the age of the lavas, the Cenozoic eruptions occurred in subaerial conditions before the guyot submerged below the sea level. The Alba volcanics have greater contents of incompatible elements than typical oceanic island basalts (OIB), apparently, because they formed by low-degree partial melting of different sources: pargasite-bearing spinel peridotite of the metasomatized oceanic lithosphere, mainly for Cretaceous basaltic rocks, and/or garnet peridotite for Miocene petit-spot basanites. Multiple eruptions at Alba Guyot for 100 Myr may have been maintained either by the Southern Pacific Superplume in the region of the South Pacific Thermal and Isotopic Anomaly (SOPITA) in the Mesozoic or by translithospheric faulting originated at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) in the Cenozoic.
Standardization of Mechanical Specific Energy Equations and Nomenclature
Authors: Dupriest Fred , Lai Stephen , Behounek Michael , Pastusek Paul , Cutts Chris , Best Bob , Cook Bryan , Bassarath Wendell , Collins Jared , Kamyab Mohammedreza , Moore Dennis , Pulpan Eric , Jeske Austin , Wilson JJ , Sheets Jamie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper recommends standardized names and equations for the two most common uses of mechanical specific energy (MSE) concepts: “total MSE” and “downhole MSE.” These names and their equations should be used uniformly in all applications, including electronic drilling recorder (EDR) picklists, rigsite surveillance, engineering surveillance, data analytics, research, and technical publications.MSE, used as a metric for drilling efficiency, is a mathematical calculation of the energy used per volume of rock drilled. The downhole MSE equation calculates the efficiency of the bit alone, while the total MSE equation includes both the bit and drillstring. Those who use MSE in surveillance or analytics know the negative effects created by the lack of standardization over the years; it is certainly not a new problem.The lack of standardized nomenclature has resulted in the use of the same name for different equations, or different names are given for two equations that are identical. This affects the ability of drill teams to engage vendors in the redesigning of performance limitations or to communicate new operational practices between teams and rigs. In addition to standardizing nomenclature, this document corrects a mathematical error that is common in calculating the total MSE.The concern with the inconsistencies has increased as MSE has become a key element in many automated optimization schemes. Inconsistencies or uncertainties in the basis of MSE values calculated in real time or shared in large data sets will affect the industry’s ability to develop useful analytics or to automate rig control platforms and data-driven decisions.This paper also includes a discussion of the MSE measurement errors and their effect on calculated values, which is of particular interest to controls engineers and those involved in data analytics. Examples are provided to illustrate how the two different MSE values are used in field operations. Also, a substantial list of current and potential future uses of MSE is included to encourage better MSE-based practices to potentially lead to the development of new uses in the future, including automation.This ad hoc MSE Standardization Committee is a volunteer group with representation from operators, rig contractors, service companies, and data acquisition vendors. The guidance given reflects their shared experience in utilizing MSE in surveillance and analytics, and the recommended equations are technically correct.
Fuzzy transform algorithm based on high-resolution compact discretization for three-dimensional nonlinear elliptic PDEs and convection-diffusion equations
Authors: Jha Navnit , Perfilieva I. , Gupta Kritika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with a high-resolution algorithm that engages fuzzy transform to solve three-dimensional nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. The scheme approximates the fuzzy components, which estimate fourth-order accurate solutions at the interior mesh points of the solution domain. The fuzzy components and triangular base functions will be approximated with a nineteen-point linear combination of solution values and related to exact solutions by a linear system. Such an arrangement along with compact discretization yields a block tri-diagonal Jacobian matrix, and an iterative solver can efficiently compute them. The convergence analysis and error bound of the scheme are examined in detail. The method provides an order-preserving solution and applies to a comprehensive class of partial differential equations with nonlinear first-order partial derivatives. Numerical simulations with Helmholtz equation, advection-diffusion-reaction equation, and nonlinear elliptic Sine-Gordan equation corroborate the utility, convergence rate and enhance solution accuracy by employing a new scheme.
Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Problem in Career Determination Using Single-Valued Neutrosophic Distance Measure
Authors: M Arockia Dasan , F. Little Flower V. , X Tubax 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a distance measure on single-valued neutrosophic sets which is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy distance measure (Dutta and Goala 2018). This distance measure satisfies the axioms of metric (George F. Simmons 1963) on single-valued neutrosophic sets and shows that the difference of distance measure from unity is a similarity measure. A new methodology on multi-attribute decision-making problems (MADM) is developed for the most common decision by the smallest measure value of the proposed single-valued neutrosophic distance measure. We further apply this distance measure to a multi-attribute decision-making problem (MADM) for student’s career determination in a neutrosophic environment to find the best career for suitable students. Finally, the comparison is made between the proposed distance measure and the other distance measures (Majumdar and Samanta 2014; Chai et al. 2021) for the final decision chosen from the most common decisions of them.
Leveraging Machine Learning and Model-Agnostic Explanations to Understand Automated Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sun Christopher , Sharma Jai , Maiti Milind 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pervasiveness of cardiovascular disease and physician misdiagnosis creates the need for artificial intelligence models to improve diagnosis accuracy. The study trains machine learning models on publicly available data sets containing simple medical information of patients to diagnose cardiovascular disease. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) assembled for this task performed optimally with an F1 score of 0.8968. This prompts the creation of an automated open-source diagnosis tool powered by the MLP. Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) are employed to understand the impact of different features on the model's diagnosis in the form of marginal probabilities. K-Means Clustering segments patients into ten clusters, after which each example is passed through LIME. The resulting histograms depict a complex relationship between feature, cluster, and impact on diagnosis. A series of P-values with contrasting orders of magnitude shows nuances in the MLP's understanding of patients from different clusters. LIME analysis reveals that the most important features for cardiovascular disease diagnosis are fasting blood sugar, type of chest pain, and ST segment slope. Future experiments should replicate this study's LIME methodology on data sets containing more specialized features in order to gain practical medical insights about the different types of cardiovascular disease represented by each cluster. Finally, feature engineering pathways should be explored with consideration of these results to create versatile diagnosis models adaptable to other diseases as well.
Comparison of cultural preferences and cultural practices in website design in Pakistan
Authors: Nizamani Sehrish , Nizamani Saad , Basir Nazish , Khoumbati Khalil , Nizamani Sarwat , Memon Shahzad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Culture influences website designs. These websites benefit from the cultural elements incorporated into them. A website that is designed and used based on the preferences of its users and their culture is considered usable. Individuals' cultural preferences refer to their level of cultural comfort, whereas cultural practices are shared perceptions of how people behave in a culture regularly as a whole. This article discusses the comparison of the web design preferences of users with the actual working practices of the three categories of websites in Pakistan.
Methods
The disparity between preferences and practices is examined using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions. The website design practices are collected using the observational research method.
Result
The results reflect that web design practices in Pakistan correspond to preferences in the individualism versus collectivism and indulgence versus restraint dimensions of Hofstede dimensions of culture. The design practices for the remaining dimensions vary and do not adhere to the associated cultural dimension.
Conclusion
Assessing the geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality and their possible effect on human health in Patna, Bihar
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Kumari Anupma , Kumar Rajesh , Sulaiman Mohammed Aasif , Zafar Mohammad Masroor , Singh Atar , Kumar Ravi , . Prity 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current investigation primarily concerns groundwater potability and irrigational value in the urban area of Patna. Hydrogeochemical processes influence human health by controlling the quality of groundwater. In this research, we evaluated the interplay between several measures of groundwater quality, the various possible causes of groundwater pollution, and the resulting health risks. Twenty groundwater samples were taken from various locations and examined to determine the water quality. Groundwater and associated geochemical processes in the study area were analyzed using statistical methods, geochemical modelling, and graphical representations. The average EC of the groundwater in the examined area was 728.13 ± 331.84 µS/cm, with a range of around 300–1700 µS/cm. Positive loadings were seen for Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl−), and Sulphate (SO42− ) in principal component analysis (PCA), demonstrating that these variables accounted for 61.78% of the total variance. In the groundwater samples, the following main cations are the most prevalent such as Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while the dominant anions are HCO3− > Cl− > SO42−. The elevated HCO3− and Na+ ions indicate that carbonate mineral dissolution might affect the study area. The result demonstrated that there are 70% of samples fall into the Na-Cl-SO4 type, 15% of samples fall into mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 type, and 5% of samples that fall into the mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type and Na-HCO3 type, and no samples that fall into the Ca-Cl type. The findings make it abundantly evident that the primary groundwater salinity is far higher than the secondary salinity produced because of the weathering of the bedrock. The presence of the NaHCO3 kind of water is suggestive of shallow meteoric water, which may have originated from the river Ganga that is located nearby. The interactions between water and rock could have naturally resulted in the creation of these clusters inside the aquifer matrix. The results show that a multivariate statistical analysis, graphical plots, and geochemical modelling successfully identify the parameters controlling groundwater quality.