bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The author's approach to the level of definition and formation of artistic and productive competence of children of senior preschool age
Authors: Karabayeva I. , Polovina O. 
Published: June 2022

The article outlines the structure of the phenomenon "artistic and productive competence" based on theoretical research of modern scientific psychological and pedagogical literature. The existing approaches to defining the concept of preschoolers’ imagination are described. The essence of artistic, creative imagination of senior preschoolers lies in their ability to create a sensual image independently, to transform this image from the invisible into the visible.
The author's method of determining the level of senior preschoolers’ creative imagination is presented. It is noted that the teacher analyzes the results of the child's geometric shape drawing during the game diagnostic task "Magic Transformations" in order to determine it.
The author describes the technology of using art as an integrator of the development of a preschool child’s creative abilities. The article deals with the author's technology of image creation, that is aimed at: 1) the development of emotional and sensory perception of objects and phenomena of the environment; 2) providing conditions for the self-expression of each child. The author 's view on the use of art as a means of development of the child' s personality is proposed.
Technology of image creation involves the development of the ability to see and understand the beautiful in nature, in the environment through emotional perception; comprehension of the communicative function of art by the child; use of music, literature, games, creative tasks to create an image; activating interest in socializing in artistic activities. The article identifies work with the grain of the image as the most optimal method of working with children, which is not regulated by certain rules, and provides for centering on the source of the image.
The pedagogical conditions that are necessary to optimize the use of the technology of education in pre-school educational establishments are proposed for the implementation of the work. These pedagogical conditions are aimed at special pedagogical stimulation of the child's internal forces.
Non-traditional medicine as a new direction of experimental psychology (theoretical part of applied psychology in the practice of alternative medicine)
Authors: Pochynok Yu. 
Published: June 2022

Today, the problem of creating and implementing a new integrated course in "Experimental Psychology" in medical health care is acute. In addition, the questions remain extremely relevant: to what extent musical associations can influence a person, what level is available for such influence and what psychological transformations are caused. It is important to be able to determine the threshold of energy levels, how it affects the excitability of the nervous system and what associations it causes. And the extent to which training settings affect the relationship with Gestalt therapy.
Understanding of the professional reliability of officers of the National police of Ukraine
Authors: Barko V. , Vagina O. , Lunov V. 
Published: June 2022

Based on the results of the expert assessment, the police officers were divided into three groups in terms of professional reliability, including the level of subjective professional experience, the development of professionally important qualities, work experience and personality characteristics.
Materials and Methods. The SACS Questionnaire - "Strategic Approach to Coping Scale" (S. Hobfoll), Coping test by R. Lazarus, Multi-level personal questionnaire "Adaptivity", by A.H. Maklakov (1993), Life meaning orientations test The test of life meaning orientations is an adapted version of the test "Purpose in life" by J. Crumbaugh and L. Maholic, Questionnaire of the motivational structure of the personality by V. Milman, Questionnaire of the level of self-actualization by A. Maslow, The personal orientation questionnaire by V. Smekalo and H. Kucher. The 1 group (optimal level of professional reliability) included 54 police officers aged from 23 to 38 years old. The 2 group (sufficient level) included 57 people aged 24 to 37 years old. The length of service is from 2 to 8 years. The 3rd group (critical level) included 55 police officers aged 24 to 33 years old. The length of service is from 2 to 7 years.
Based on the obtained results of experimental work, the program for developing the professional reliability of the administrative police officers is presented. The main tool for the implementation of the program is professionally psychological training - a comprehensive educational technology that allows you to realize the professional self-development and self-improvement of the policeman personality in the form of a continuous process. This training includes a system of methods, techniques and exercises that ensure the effective formation, development and correction of the main components of professional policeman reliability: axiological-semantic, motivational, cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioural.
Risk-taking behaviors in drivers in early and middle adulthood
Authors: Tatala Małgorzata , Janowski Konrad , Walesa Czesław , Mamcarz Piotr , Stępak Karolina 
Published: June 2022

The aim of the presented research was to distinguish categories of risky behaviors in drivers and to determine whether the age of drivers is associated with undertaking risky behaviors.
The study included 120 participants, 60 in early and 60 in middle adulthood. Driver Risk Behavior Questionnaire (DRBQ) was used to measure this type of behavior.
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, allowed to identify three dimensions of risky behaviors: (1) breaking the road traffic law, (2) overestimating own competences and (3) ignoring road hazards. Drivers in early adulthood more often than drivers in middle adulthood revealed risky behaviors resulting from overestimating their own competences and ignoring road hazards. Drivers in middle adulthood consider broader context and more perspectives when analyzing risk.
«Loser» textbook: A. I. Nemirovskii and the teaching of the history of the Ancient world in the Soviet school
Authors: Krikh Sergey B. 
Published: June 2022

The article tells about a textbook on the history of the Ancient world, written by A. I. Nemirovskii in the early 1960s. This textbook participated in a competition for secondary schools, but lost to F. P. Korovkin’s textbook, which was released in a multimillion circulation. Nevertheless, A. I. Nemirovskii’s textbook was published in 1962 with a circulation of 300 thousand copies as a textbook for evening schools. Due to the fact that the author’s manuscript has survived, a comparative analysis of the initial text and that which was published in 1962 is possible. A. I. Nemirovskii made considerable efforts to make his textbook attractive to the reader, for example, he himself selected one and a half hundred illustrations, which were replaced during publication with standard illustrations prepared by the publishing house. Comparison with a textbook for schools published at the same time by F. P. Korovkin, shows that the degree of unification of the narrative in Soviet historiography was high, especially in the field of teaching history, and some original moments belonging to the pen of A. I. Nemirovskii were almost completely leveled out during editing. Despite the originality of the figure of the author himself, in his textbook one cannot notice the desire to go beyond the unified narrative of Soviet historiography developed by that time.
Analisis Capaian Kinerja Pembangunan Pedesaan Kawasan Pesisir
Authors: Suroso Suroso - 
Published: June 2022

ENGLISHManaging the potential of coastal regions becomes a development challenge in order to improve human welfare. This research aimed to describe the performance achievement of rural development in the coastal regions in the study area. This research used a quantitative approach. It used secondary data. It used descriptive-comparative analyses. The descriptive result showed that all villages in the coastal areas have increased their rural development indexes (IDM) but only about 43% increased their status for the period 2017 to 2021. The comparative result proved that in 2021 the highest IDM is in Trangkil District and the lowest one was in Batangan District. The comparative test using Chi-Square (X2) for the development performance has a counting value of 8,125 in significance of 10 %. It is greater than the table value so there is a significant difference in development performance among the coastal regions in the study area. Therefore, the region having the least development indexes (IDM) should become the priority in the regional development policy to alleviate disparity. INDONESIAPengelolaan potensi kawasan pesisir untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan menjadi tantangan pembangunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan capaian kinerja pembangunan pedesaan kawasan pesisir di area studi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data penelitian menggunakan data sekunder. Analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif-komparatif. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan semua desa kawasan pesisir di area studi mengalami peningkatan Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM) tetapi hanya sebagian desa mengalami peningkatan status tipologinya selama kurun waktu 2017 - 2021. Hasil analisis komparatif menunjukkan bahwa tahun 2021 capaian IDM kawasan pesisir tertinggi berada di kawasan Trangkil dan IDM terendah berada di kawasan Batangan. Uji komparatif dengan Chi kuadrat (X2), kinerja pembangunan pedesaan kawasan pesisir kurun waktu 2017-2021 memiliki nilai hitung chi kuadrat (X2) 8,125 signifikan pada signifikansi 10%, lebih besar dari nilai tabel sehingga ada perbedaan signifikan capaian kinerja pembangunan pedesaan antar kawasan pesisir di area studi. Oleh karena itu, kawasan yang memiliki capaian IDM terendah perlu memperoleh prioritas dalam kebijakan pembangunan untuk mengeliminasi kesenjangan pembangunan.
The Inter-Seasonal Phytoplankton Compositions and Density in Response to Abiotic Factors in Puah Reservoir Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric Dam, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: ABUBAKAR MUHAMAD KABIRU , MD SAH AMIR SHAH RUDDIN , EFFENDI ALYAA FILZA 
Published: June 2022

The distribution of the phytoplankton community in different locations of Puah Reservoir, Malaysia was investigated from May to December 2019 to examine the phytoplankton compositions and density. Seven sampling locations were selected namely Terengganu Mati (P1), Limbing Besar (P2), Temba Outlet (P3), Pela-gong (P4), Sireh (P5), Centre Dam (P6) and Power Intake (P7). A total of 543 cell/mL were recorded from 35 genera in the reservoir. These identified species belonged to six major plankton groups: 12 green algae (35.29%), nine blue-green algae (26.47%), nine diatom (23.53%), two golden algae (5.88%), two filamentous (5.88%) and one flagellate (2.94%). During this period, Chlorophyta was the most abundant group (40% of the total phytoplankton), followed by Bacillariophyceae (29%), Pyrrhophyta (19%), Cyanophyta (12%) and Chrysophyceae (1%). The highest composition of phytoplankton was recorded at P7 (32%), followed by P3 (16%), P1 (14%) and P4 and P2 with the lowest (8% and 7%), respectively. The lowest density was observed during dry season (162 cell/mL) and high density during wet season (412 cell/mL). Species richness was discreetly greater in the wet season however, evenness index was ≥0.8, thereby indicating a similarity in species abundance. The water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen correlate positively with phytoplankton at P = 0.01. The overall mean values of temperature for wet and dry season were 29.3 ± 1.79 °C and 27.5 ± 1.55 °C while dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) were 16.2 mg/L and 4.7 mg/L, 3.4 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, 15.2 mg/L and 12.7 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L and 2.3 mg/L, respectively. Water transparency, pH and DO were found to be important factors characterising each sampling location.
STUDI PENGGUNAAN KATALIS CaO-NaOH PADA PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Susanti Titik , Mas’udah Mas’udah , Santosa Sandra 
Published: June 2022

Berbagai macam penelitian pembuatan biodiesel telah banyak dilakukan, mulai dari penggunaan berbagai macam jenis tanaman biji-bijian, katalis, metode reaksi dan sebagainya. Selama ini sebagian besar penelitian menggunakan minyak sawit sebagai bahan baku biodiesel, dimana penggunaan bahan ini menimbulkan konflik karena merupakan bahan pangan. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan minyak jelantah yang merupakan limbah penggunaan minyak sawit dipilih sebagai alternatif bahan baku biodiesel. Penggunaan katalis homogen seperti NaOH, selama ini menghasilkan biodiesel dengan nilai yield yang tinggi dibanding katalis heterogen. Akan tetapi, penggunaan katalis homogen sering menimbulkan reaksi saponifikasi yang mengganggu proses konversi biodiesel. Oleh karena itu, pengkombinasian antara katalis homogen dan heterogen dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan katalis CaO NaOH terhadap yield, densitas dan viskositas produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah proses transesterifikasi dengan variasi suhu reaksi yaitu 60°C, 65°C dan 70°C, serta persentase jumlah katalis CaO-NaOH yang ditambahkan sebesar 1%, 2% dan 3% dari berat minyak dengan perbandingan CaO:NaOH 1:1. Untuk rasio mol minyak dan metanol yang digunakan adalah 1:6. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan campuran katalis CaO-NaOH berpengaruh terhadap beberapa parameter biodiesel yang diuji. Parameter terbaik yang hampir mendekati standar kualitas biodiesel didapatkan pada variabel suhu reaksi 65°C dan persentase jumlah katalis CaO-NaOH sebesar 1% dari berat minyak dimana nilai yield biodiesel sebesar 85%, densitas 0,857 g/ml, viskositas 0,65 cst.
PENGARUH RASIO MOLASES DAN BAHAN BAKU PADA KETAHANAN BENTUK GRANULA MEDIA TANAM UNTUK TANAMAN AIR
Authors: Damayanti Putri Dyah , Wibowo Agung Ari 
Published: June 2022

Soil substrate merupakan media tanam sebagai media tanam dan bersentuhan langsung dengan akar tanaman air. Bentuk yang umum adalah granula, karena lebih mudah ditaburkan dan meresap ke tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hasil optimal rasio perekat molases dan bahan baku yang tepat untuk mendapatkan granula media tanam yang tidak mudah hancur saat pengaplikasian di air dan perubahan nilai pH air. Proses yang digunakan yaitu granulasi basah, dilakukan dengan mencampurkan bahan baku serbuk dengan perekat kemudian dilakukan pengeringan dan pengayakan. Variasi rasio tanah humus dan tanah tanam yaitu 1:3, 2:3 dan 3:4. Variasi rasio molases dan air yaitu 20 mL:400 mL, 30 mL:400 mL dan 40 mL:400 mL. Hasil optimal menggunakan perekat molases 20 mL pada rasio bahan 1:3 dan 2:3 mampu mempertahankan bentuk 7 hari. Pada molases 30 mL dan rasio bahan 1:3 mampu bertahan 2 hari. Dan pada molases 40 mL dengan rasio bahan 1:3 mampu bertahan 2 hari, namun rasio bahan 2:3 mampu bertahan 7 hari. Kualitas fisik optimal yang dihasilkan yaitu dengan perekat molases 20 mL pada rasio bahan 1:3 dan 2:3, dan perekat molases 40 mL dengan rasio bahan 2:3. Nilai pH mengalami penurunan dalam 5 hari pertama, namun meningkat pada hari ke 6 dan 7 dikarenakan konsentrasi CO2 dan suhu air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio air dan perekat yang digunakan, rasio bahan baku yang digunakan sangat mempengaruhi ketahanan soil substrate dan pH air yang dihasilkan saat diaplikasikan di dalam air.
PERHITUNGAN EFISIENSI HIGH PRESSURE HEATER PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP PT POMI UNIT 3
Authors: Ifvournamasari Adinda Dwi , Sukmawanta Shafara Najla Marinda , Maryanty Yanty , Yulianto Erwan 
Published: June 2022

PT Paiton Operation & Maintenance Indonesia (PT POMI) Probolinggo merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang menggunakan bahan bakar batu bara. Perusahaan ini merupakan penyuplai listrik untuk wilayah Jawa dan Bali. Pada industri pembangkit listrik, High Pressure Heater (HPH) merupakan alat penukar kalor yang berfungsi sebagai pemanas air umpan sebelum masuk ke boiler. Kerusakan pada HPH dapat mengurangi umur, efektifitas dan performa dari HPH serta suhu air pengisi boiler pada inlet economizer akan turun, sehingga butuh pemanasan yang lebih besar. Hal ini mengakibatkan konsumsi bahan bakar pada boiler akan naik sehingga menyebabkan penurunan pada efisiensi siklus Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) dan peningkatan biaya produksi. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung efisiensi HPH pada PT POMI Unit 3 sehingga dapat dilakukan perawatan (maintenance) yang baik secara berkala untuk menghemat biaya operasional harian pada alat tersebut. Perhitungan efisiensi HPH pada PT POMI Unit 3 dilakukan dengan metode perhitungan neraca massa dan neraca panas. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu perbedaan suhu masuk pada Unit HP FWH 8A yaitu sebesar 256,9oC dan pada Unit HP FWH 8B yaitu sebesar 256,1oC. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan efisiensi pada Unit HP FWH 8A yaitu sebesar 94,76% sedangkan pada Unit HP FWH 8B yaitu sebesar 94,33%. Hasil efisiensi didapatkan dari perbandingan Qsteam dan Qwater di mana semakin besar suhu maka semakin besar perbandingan Qsteam dan Qwater sehingga semakin besar pula efisiensi pada alat heater begitu pula sebaliknya semakin kecil suhu maka semakin kecil perbandingan Qsteam dan Qwater sehingga semakin kecil efisiensi pada alat heater.
LITERATURE STUDY OF L-CARNITINE PREPARATION METHODS FOR 1000 TONS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Purwadini Annida Khoirun Nisa , Lusiani Cucuk Evi 
Published: June 2022

L-carnitine is a gamma-hydroxy amino acid and also known as vitamin Bγ. L-carnitine has many benefits as well as uses. Supplements with L-carnitine content are much needed in the field of health. L-carnitine is obtained using a variety of methods. They are the chemical optic resolution method, the biological method, and those that use chiral materials from natural sources. The purpose of this literature study is to determine the best method to be used in the design of the L-carnitine production plant with a capacity of 1000 tons per year by comparing various existing methods from various aspects. Based on the results of the comparison, it was found that the production of L-carnitine from (S)-3-activated hydroxybutyrolactone is the best method to be used in the production of L-carnitine capacity of 1000 tons per year for 300 days. This method produces a lot-more L carnitine products at a lower cost than other methods that have a higher yield.
Construction of Exosomes that Overexpress CD47 and Evaluation of Their Immune Escape
Authors: Ben Xin-Yu , Wang Ya-Ru , Zheng Hui-Hui , Li De-Xian , Ren Rui , Ni Pan-Li , Zhang Hai-Ying , Feng Ren-Jun , Li Yun-Qing , Li Qi-Fu , Yi Xi-Nan 
Published: June 2022

Our general purpose was to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for the use of exosomes (EXOs) that have high levels of CD47 as stable and efficient drug carriers. Thus, we prepared EXOs from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) that had high levels of CD47 (EXOsCD47) and control EXOs (without CD47), and then compared their immune escapein vivoand their resistance to phagocytosisin vitro. Nanoflow cytometry was used to determine the CD47 level in these EXOs, and the amount of EXOsCD47that remained in rat plasma at 3 h after intraperitoneal injection. Phagocytosis of the EXOs was also determined usingin vitrorat macrophage bone marrow (RMA-BM) experiments. Ourin vitroresults showed that macrophages ingested significantly more control EXOs than EXOsCD47(p&lt; 0.01), with confirmation by ultra-high-definition laser confocal microscopy. Consistently, ourin vivoresults showed that rats had 1.377-fold better retention of EXOsCD47than control EXOs (p&lt; 0.01). These results confirmed that these engineered EXOsCD47had improved immune escape. Our results therefore verified that EXOsCD47had increased immune evasion relative to control EXOs, and have potential for use as drug carriers.
Development of Bovine Gastric Organoids as a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Host-Parasite Interactions in Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections
Authors: Faber Marc N. , Smith David , Price Daniel R. G. , Steele Philip , Hildersley Katie A. , Morrison Liam J. , Mabbott Neil A. , Nisbet Alasdair J. , McNeilly Tom N. 
Published: June 2022

Gastro-intestinal nematode (GIN) parasites are a major cause of production losses in grazing cattle, primarily through reduced growth rates in young animals. Control of these parasites relies heavily on anthelmintic drugs; however, with growing reports of resistance to currently available anthelmintics, alternative methods of control are required. A major hurdle in this work has been the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro infection models that has made studying precise interactions between the host and the GINs difficult. Such mechanistic insights into the infection process will be valuable for the development of novel targets for drugs, vaccines, or other interventions. Here we created bovine gastric epithelial organoids from abomasal gastric tissue and studied their application as in vitro models for understanding host invasion by GIN parasites. Transcriptomic analysis of gastric organoids across multiple passages and the corresponding abomasal tissue showed conserved expression of tissue-specific genes across samples, demonstrating that the organoids are representative of bovine gastric tissue from which they were derived. We also show that self-renewing and self-organising three-dimensional organoids can also be serially passaged, cryopreserved, and resuscitated. Using Ostertagia ostertagi, the most pathogenic gastric parasite in cattle in temperate regions, we show that cattle gastric organoids are biologically relevant models for studying GIN invasion in the bovine abomasum. Within 24 h of exposure, exsheathed larvae rapidly and repeatedly infiltrated the lumen of the organoids. Prior to invasion by the parasites, the abomasal organoids rapidly expanded, developing a ‘ballooning’ phenotype. Ballooning of the organoids could also be induced in response to exposure to parasite excretory/secretory products. In summary, we demonstrate the power of using abomasal organoids as a physiologically relevant in vitro model system to study interactions of O. ostertagi and other GIN with bovine gastrointestinal epithelium.