bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of acanthosis nigricans with sequential salicylic acid‐mandelic acid combination peel and maintenance with glycolic acid‐urea combination cream: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Zeeshan Md , Arfeen Noorussaba , Sonthalia Sidharth , Singh Anupama , Roy Prasoon Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common dermatosis that presents with hyperpigmented, velvety thick plaques over intertriginous areas. Though a number of treatment modalities including chemical peels have been used, none provide long‐term and sustained improvement.Aim and objectivesOur study evaluated the efficacy and safety of regular sessions of salicylic acid‐mandelic acid peeling over axillary AN lesions, which was followed by daily application of a topical combination of glycolic acid, urea, and cetylated fat esters for maintenance of effect for 9 months.MethodologyA retrospective pilot study was conducted in Indian patients (Fitzpatrick skin type 4 or 5), aged 18–50 with benign hereditary AN involving the underarms, with or without affection of other typical sites. Data were retrieved of seventeen patients with AN involving the axillae. Patients were started on combination salicylic‐mandelic acid peel given every 2 weeks for a total of 6 sessions. Maintenance was done by night application of combination cream of glycolic acid, urea, and cetylated fat esters, which was continued for 9 months after completion of peeling sessions. Lesions were evaluated every 3 months of 9 months for improvement in pigmentation and skin thickening.ResultsAll the patients (100%) showed significant improvement in both pigmentation and thickening of lesions. In terms of improvement in skin thickening, very good improvement was seen in 41%, while 29% patients had moderate improvement. In terms of improvement in pigmentation, 35% each had very good and moderate improvement. Post peel erythema (100%) and burning sensation (90%) were the most common encountered adverse effects which lasted for only 1–2 days. Patients were followed up for another 9 months during which no relapses were seen.ConclusionCombination of keratolytic chemical peels and topical mild keratolytic application ensures better therapeutic outcome in patients of AN with long lasting effect.
Decade of the dangers of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A retrospective review
Authors: Chang Annette , Yeap Evie , Lee Eloise , Bortagaray Juan , Giles Edward , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M 
Published: December 2021

AimMagnet ingestion has become more frequent in children as magnetic toys and jewellery have been popularised, with the potential to cause significant morbidity. Our aim was to describe our experience at a tertiary paediatric surgical centre.MethodsRetrospective review of patients admitted with multiple magnet ingestion (January 2011‐December 2020). Division into an intervention group and conservative group. Comparisons included demographics, number of magnets and clinical outcomes. Data analysis with a Student's t‐test and ROC Curve, P value of <0.05 was significant.ResultsA total of 23 patients were identified with a total of 150 magnets ingested. The majority required an intervention for magnets retrieval (15/23, 65.2%), 11/15 (73.3%) surgical and 4/15 (26.7%) endoscopic. In the surgery group, 6/11 (54%) presented with an initial perforation and 1/11 (9.1%) an entero‐enteric fistula. One patient (9.1%) had a multi‐site anastomotic leak post‐operatively. The conservative group had a significantly lower median number of ingested magnets (2 (2–6) vs. 7 (2–40), P = 0.03) and median length of stay (1 (1–4) vs. 7 (1–24), P = 0.03). ROC curve analysis revealed ingestion of >3 magnets had a sensitivity of 86.7% (95% CI: 62.1–97.6%) and specificity of 87.5% (95% CI: 53.0–99.4%) for requiring an intervention.ConclusionThis series highlights a significant morbidity in children with a higher incidence of intervention following ingestion of more than three magnets. There is a strong requirement for the creation and adherence to new legislature involving industry standards.
Evaluation of temporary palatopexy to manage brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs in respiratory distress
Authors: Sun J. A. , Johnson J. A. , Hallowell T. C. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the use of temporary palatopexy procedure as a treatment for brachycephalic dogs in severe respiratory distress.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, seven client‐owned brachycephalic dogs in severe respiratory distress, requiring emergent intubation or failing extubation, had a temporary palatopexy placed using a novel suture pattern.ResultsSix out of seven dogs were successfully extubated less than 2 hours post palatopexy and survived to discharge. One dog failed extubation secondary to worsening lower airway disease and laryngeal collapse. That patient was euthanased. The only noted complication was regurgitation in two dogs; however, one had pre‐existing gastrointestinal signs.Clinical SignificanceTemporary palatopexy is a relatively simple procedure that may be a useful method for managing brachycephalic dogs in an upper airway crisis. This could avoid the need for prolonged intubation, emergency tracheostomy, re‐intubation or euthanasia in dogs where costs, access to specialists and availability of referral centres are limited.
Organisation, technological change and skills use over time: A longitudinal study on linked employee surveys
Authors: Dhondt Steven , Kraan Karolus O. , Bal Michiel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of technological change on the content of jobs and accompanying skills is a central topic across disciplines. To date, ample research has directly linked the technological change to shifts in skills use; however, organisational change is rarely considered as an influencing factor. Based on a panel survey, this paper uses a Luhmannian approach to understand the relationship between technological change and organisational context. This theory is tested quantitatively and shows the importance of considering the working environment's nature when studying skills changes. The results show small effects by the technological change on changing skills use but larger effects by changes in the working environment. Recommendations for future research and practical implications are discussed.
Financial Cycles in Euro Area Economies: A Cross‐Country Perspective Using Wavelet Analysis*
Authors: Mandler Martin , Scharnagl Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the cross‐country dimension of financial cycles for six euro area countries using wavelet analysis. Estimated wavelet cohesions show that cycles in equity prices and interest rates display stronger synchronization across countries than real output cycles, whereas credit variables and house prices show lower cross‐country synchronization. We propose a wavelet‐based extension to the spectral envelope that is similar to a frequency‐based time‐varying principal component analysis. The country loadings show that, contrary to all other variables, cycles in loans to households and house prices in Germany and the Netherlands are negatively or less strongly correlated with the common cycles.
Pediatric patch testing in a multi‐ethnic Asian population: A retrospective review
Authors: Lee Elis Yuexian , Wee Charlene Li Ping , Tan Chee Hian , Wee Lynette Wei Yi , Lim Charmaine En‐En , Zhao Xiahong , Koh Mark Jean Aan , Yew Yik Weng , Goon Anthony Teik Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is increasingly prevalent. Patch testing is the gold‐standard diagnostic investigation. The aims of our study were to describe the clinical profile of pediatric patients with ACD in a multi‐ethnic Asian population and identify the common contact allergens.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger with clinically suspected ACD who underwent patch testing between January 2007 and March 2020 at two institutions in Singapore. Information pertaining to their demographics, atopy history, clinical presentation, and patch test results was analyzed.ResultsA total of 252 patients were included. The mean age was 10.9 years (1.0–16.7 years). The majority were Chinese (79.8%) and girls (57.5%). Many (66.3%) had atopic dermatitis (AD), which was mild. The most common presentation was an acral eczematous rash. The sensitization rate was 50.0%. The most frequent reactions were to nickel sulfate (49.2%) and fragrance mix (19.1%). The overall rate of relevant positive patch tests was 72.5%. Patients with AD were less likely to have a reaction to fragrance mix (p = .019) and more likely to have a reaction to disperse blue (p = .041). Compared to younger children, adolescents were less likely to have a positive patch test (p = .008). Indians were also less likely to have a positive reaction (p = .004).ConclusionMetals and fragrances were the most common allergens causing childhood ACD in Singapore. Patients with AD were less likely to be sensitized to fragrances and more likely to be sensitized to disperse blue dye.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy with Various Laser Wavelengths on Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Etemadi Ardavan , Faghih Aramdokht , Chiniforush Nasim 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTSeveral methods have been proposed to enhance the regeneration and healing time in periodontal therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a recently suggested novel technique for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of PBMT with various laser wavelengths and energy densities on proliferation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs). The wells containing PDLMSCs were subjected to laser irradiation at 635, 660, 808 and 980 nm wavelengths with 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 4 J cm−2 energy densities. Cell proliferation and viability were evaluated after 1, 3 and 5 days with the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining. No significant difference was observed among the experimental and the control groups on day 1 (P > 0.05). On day 3, 808 nm laser at 4 J cm−2 energy density and 980 nm laser at all densities had significant differences with control group. On day 5, the control group had significant differences in cell proliferation with 808 nm laser at 2.5 and 4 J cm−2 energy densities, and 980 nm laser at all densities. PBMT with 635, 660, 808 and 980 nm wavelengths increased the proliferation of PDLMSCs but the maximum cell viability was prominent after irradiation by 980 nm laser with energy density of 4 J cm−2 on day 3.
Singlet Oxygen Activatable Prodrugs of Paclitaxel, SN‐38, MMC and CA4: Nonmitochondria‐Targeted Prodrugs†
Authors: Rahman Kazi Md Mahabubur , Thapa Pritam , Hurst Robert , Woo Sukyung , You Youngjae 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWe established a light‐activatable prodrug strategy that produces the combination effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and site‐specific chemotherapy. Prodrugs are activated by singlet oxygen (SO), generated from PS and visible or near IR light, in either intra‐ or inter‐molecular manner. The goal of this study is to evaluate cytotoxic effects of nonmitochondria‐targeted prodrugs of a number of anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. They were tested in both 2D and 3D in vitro conditions via inter‐molecular activation of prodrugs by SO generated in mitochondria by protoporphyrin IX‐PDT (PpIX‐PDT). Prodrugs of anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, SN‐38, combretastatin A4 and mitomycin C) were synthesized using facile and high‐yielding reactions. Nonmitochondria‐targeted prodrugs showed limited dark toxicity while all of them showed greatly enhanced phototoxicity compared to PpIX‐PDT in the 2D culture model. Prodrugs generated up to about 95% cell killing at 2.5 μM when administered with hexyl‐aminolevulinate (HAL) to produce Protoporphyrin IX in cancer cells in both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroids model. The data demonstrate that mitochondria‐targeting of prodrugs is not fully essential for our inter‐molecular activation prodrug strategy. The prodrug strategy also worked for anticancer drugs with diverse MOAs.
Preconception exposures and adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Daly Michael , Kipping Ruth R. , Tinner Laura E. , Sanders Julia , White James W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreconception exposures have been associated with adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes. However, the reports, statements and guidelines of national and international health organisations vary in what they recommend individuals should monitor, avoid, reduce or practise in the preconception period.ObjectivesTo synthesise and evaluate the evidence across systematic reviews for associations between exposures before conception and adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos (to May 2020) and reference lists of included reviews, without language or date restrictions.Study selection, data extraction and synthesisSystematic literature reviews of observational and/or interventional studies reporting associations between preconception exposures in women and/or men of reproductive age and pregnancy, birth or postpartum health outcomes were included. The methodological quality of reviews and the certainty of the evidence underlying each exposure‐outcome association were assessed using AMSTAR 2 and the GRADE approach.ResultsWe identified 53 eligible reviews reporting 205 unique exposure‐outcome associations. Methodological quality was generally low with only two reviews rated as ‘high’ quality and two as ‘moderate’. We found high‐certainty, randomised trial evidence that maternal folate supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects and anomaly‐related terminations. Moderate‐certainty, observational evidence was found that maternal physical activity is associated with reduced risk of pre‐eclampsia and gestational diabetes, and that paternal age of ≥40 years and maternal body mass index (BMI) and interpregnancy weight gain are associated with increased risk of various adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Low‐ and very low‐certainty evidence was found for other associations.ConclusionsClinicians and policymakers can be confident that maternal folate supplementation should be encouraged during the preconception period. There is moderate certainty in the evidence base that maternal physical activity, BMI and interpregnancy weight gain and advanced paternal age are important preconception considerations. High‐quality research is required to better understand other exposure‐outcome associations.
Older adults’ provision of informal care and support to their peers – A cornerstone of swedish society: Demographic characteristics and experiences of social isolation
Authors: Siira Elin , Olaya‐Contreras Patricia , Yndigegn Signe , Wijk Helle , Rolandsson Bertil , Wolf Axel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamily members provide the majority of informal care for older adults in Sweden. Nevertheless, by providing a range of assistance, peers often emerge as a central to counter social isolation among older adults. Therefore, there is a need to know more about what informal care provision by older adults to their peers means for different groups of older adults.AimThis study investigated the types of informal care and support that older adults provide to their peers in Sweden, and how these types of care and support are associated with demographic characteristics and social isolation. We also compared older adults who provide informal care and support with those who do not.MethodFor this purpose, we used a national online survey named “Involuntary loneliness among senior citizens” answered by 10,044 older adults enrolled in the Swedish Citizen Panel. We adopted a mixed‐method design to analyse the survey data, including free‐text options (n = 2155) and numerical data. Social isolation was assessed using a score built from the social loneliness items of the UCLA Loneliness Scale.ResultsIn our population, 21.5% of the older adults were providing informal care and support to their peers. Practical/instrumental help was frequently offered by younger participants (<75 years), men and respondents who were less socially isolated. On a general level, the factors that were positively associated with giving informal care and support to peers were older age, being male, retired, married/living in a relationship, living in an urban area/big city and exhibiting greater isolation. Focusing specifically on social support shows that older participants (>80) and those experiencing less social isolation (score < 24) were more engaged in social activities. ConclusionThis paper is unique in exploring the informal peer‐caregiver's perceptions of isolation. Data were collected during the COVID‐19 pandemic; this highlights the need to recognise informal care and support between older adults and to acknowledge their contributions as an essential component of Swedish civil society, especially during a societal crisis.
High grade non-germinal centre-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma double expressor presenting as a hydrocoele
Authors: Hogan Donnacha , Hayes Brian , Keohane Clodagh , Hennessey Derek Barrry 
Published: December 2021

A 72-year-old man was referred to our urology outpatient department with a left hemi-scrotal swelling increasing in size over a matter of weeks, initially suspicious for a left hydrocoele. Initial investigation with ultrasound (US) identified a heterogenous enlargement of the left testis and epididymis with a soft tissue mass extending through the inguinal canal. Subsequent CT detected this soft tissue mass to extend along the left gonadal vein to the level of the left renal vein. A biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass confirmed a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining further categorised this lymphoma as double expressor but not double hit.Through multidisciplinary team involvement the patient was treated with combination steroids and chemotherapy. Given the scrotal involvement this was considered a sanctuary site for chemotherapy therefore the patient also received radiotherapy to the scrotum. He recovered well following his treatment. This case highlights how early specialist referral can identify rare variants of disease. Essential preoperative imaging with US prior to treating a presumed hydrocoele prevented inappropriate surgical excision. A multidisciplinary team approach improved the patient’s outcome and is hoped to have improved his chances of recurrence-free survival.
Dashboards for visual display of patient safety data: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Daniel R , Savoy April , Satterly Tyler , Sittig Dean F , Singh Hardeep 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMethods to visualise patient safety data can support effective monitoring of safety events and discovery of trends. While quality dashboards are common, use and impact of dashboards to visualise patient safety event data remains poorly understood.ObjectivesTo understand development, use and direct or indirect impacts of patient safety dashboards.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL for publications between 1 January 1950 and 30 August 2018 involving use of dashboards to display data related to safety targets defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Patient Safety Net. Two reviewers independently reviewed search results for inclusion in analysis and resolved disagreements by consensus. We collected data on development, use and impact via standardised data collection forms and analysed data using descriptive statistics.ResultsLiterature search identified 4624 results which were narrowed to 33 publications after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and consensus across reviewers. Publications included only time series and case study designs and were inpatient focused and emergency department focused. Information on direct impact of dashboards was limited, and only four studies included informatics or human factors principles in development or postimplementation evaluation.DiscussionUse of patient-safety dashboards has grown over the past 15 years, but impact remains poorly understood. Dashboard design processes rarely use informatics or human factors principles to ensure that the available content and navigation assists task completion, communication or decision making.ConclusionDesign and usability evaluation of patient safety dashboards should incorporate informatics and human factors principles. Future assessments should also rigorously explore their potential to support patient safety monitoring including direct or indirect impact on patient safety.
Efficacy and safety of stratified versus routine prophylaxis in living kidney transplantation from HBsAg+ donors to HBsAg− recipients: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational study
Authors: Wang Xianding , Yin Saifu , Song Turun , Huang Zhongli , Fan Yu , Liu Hongtao , Shang Wenjun , Zhou Honglan , Li Xiaohong , Lin Tao 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionIt remains unclear whether kidney transplantation (KT) from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) +donors to HBsAg− recipients (D(HBsAg+)/R(HBsAg−)) provides comparable transplant outcomes without hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission compared with D(HBsAg−)/R(HBsAg−) KT. Moreover, no consensus has been reached for standardised prophylaxis regimens to prevent HBV transmission after D(HBsAg+)/R(HBsAg−) KT. We developed stratified prophylaxis regimens, including pretransplant antiviral treatment of donors, and pretransplant hepatitis B vaccination and post-transplant antiviral treatment of recipients, based on donors’ and recipients’ HBV serological characteristics. However, the safety and efficacy of stratified prophylaxis regimens remains unknown.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Between September 2020 and December 2023, 100 cases of (D(HBsAg+)/R (HBsAg−)) KT will be recruited from four university-affiliated hospitals with a follow-up at least 2 years. They will naturally receive stratified prophylaxis regimens or routine prophylaxis based on clinical experience to compare the efficacy and safety of these two regimens in (D(HBsAg+)/R(HBsAg−)) KT. The primary outcome will be post-transplant HBV infection to evaluate safety, defined as post-transplant HBsAg−→+or HBV DNA−→+. The composite endpoint of prevention failure will be also an endpoint of safety (any one of HBsAg−→+, HBV DNA−→+, HB e antigen−→+, HB e antibody−→+ and HB c antibody−→+). The efficacy will be evaluated by transplant outcomes, including death-censored graft survival, patient survival, acute rejection, delayed graft function and kidney graft function.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be registered as a clinical audit at each participating hospital and has obtained approval from the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital (reference: 2020-683, 8 September 2020).Trial registration numberNCT04562051.