bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as a health intervention
Authors: Mande Jerold , Flaherty Grace 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
In 2020, obesity prevalence among US children reached 19.7%, impacting about 14.7 million children and adolescents. Food insecurity among children is also a public health concern but has largely decreased or remained stable over the past decade, reaching 6.2% of US households with children in 2021. Given food insecurity and obesity's interconnected nature and their negative consequences on children's health, it is of interest to assess the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program's (SNAP's) impact on childhood food security, dietary quality, disease risk, and health outcomes.

Recent findings
Evidence suggests that SNAP participants, including children, struggle to meet key dietary guidelines and perform poorly on key health indicators when compared with income-eligible and higher income nonparticipants. Children participating in SNAP were more likely to have elevated disease risk and consume more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), more high-fat dairy, and more processed meats than income-eligible nonparticipants. However, research suggests that federal food assistance programs with more stringent nutrition standards – the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) – improve dietary quality, increase birth weight and gestation periods, and reduce childhood obesity, infant mortality and healthcare costs.

Summary
After reviewing the evidence on SNAP's impacts on food insecurity, dietary quality, and health as well as research on the health impacts of other more successful federal food assistance programs, we provide three policy recommendations to strengthen SNAP's effectiveness as a health intervention for children and families.
Liver transplantation for colorectal secondaries: on the way to validation
Authors: Line Pål-Dag 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Liver transplantation for nonresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) is an emerging field within transplant oncology. This review summarizes recent developments within this field.

Recent findings
More stringent selection criteria can yield 5-year survival rates that are similar to conventional indications for liver transplantation. Response to chemotherapy, low carcinoembryonic antigen levels, limited tumor volume and stable disease with observation time exceeding 12 months are fundamental requirements in this context. Radiomic analysis of pre transplant PET/computed tomography scans to determine metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in the liver seems particularly promising with regards to prediction of a favorable tumor biology. MTV values below 70 cm3 are associated with excellent long-term survival after transplantation, whereas the MTV threshold for liver resection seem far smaller. Recent studies put into question whether technical nonresectability per se is a valid inclusion criterion for liver transplantation. In patients with high hepatic tumor burden, but otherwise favorable prognostic features as assessed by the Oslo score, liver transplantation could possibly give a clinically relevant survival benefit compared with liver resection.

Summary
Liver transplantation is feasible treatment option in highly selected patients with nonresectable CRLMs. Robust and stringent selection criteria should be applied according to international consensus guidelines.
Disparities in heart transplantation
Authors: Zhao Jane Y. , Henn Matthew C. , Mokadam Nahush A. , Lampert Brent C. , Pratt Keeley , Smith Sakima A. , Whitson Bryan A. , Ganapathi Asvin M. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Heart transplantation remains the gold standard therapy for end stage heart failure, but barriers remain, preventing equitable access to and affecting outcomes following transplantation. The objective of this review is to summarize current and historical literature on the disparities that persist, and to highlight the gaps in evidence for further investigation.

Recent findings
Although progress has been made to increase the rates of advanced heart failure therapies to racial/ethnic minority populations and those with lower socioeconomic status, differential access and outcomes remain. The disparities that persist are categorized by patient demographics, social influences, geopolitical factors, and provider bias.

Summary
Disparities in heart transplantation exist, which span a wide spectrum. Healthcare professionals need to be cognizant of these disparities that patients face in terms of access to and outcomes for heart transplantation. Further research and system changes are needed to make heart transplantation a fairer option for patients of varying backgrounds with end stage heart failure.
From liver surgery to liver transplant surgery: new developments in autotransplantation
Authors: Lu Qian , Aini Abudusalamu , Tang Rui , Dong Jiahong 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
In spite of substantial technical improvements and conceptual revolutions in advanced liver surgery, there are still straitened circumstances that pose difficulties for in-situ liver resections. Ex-vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) is a hybrid technique combining experiences from conventional liver surgery and liver transplantation. This technique is becoming more comprehensive and popular among leading centers recently.

Recent findings
Short-term and long-term outcomes are now the focus of the technique after more than a decade of cumulative progress and technical evolution. As the 5-year survival nowadays reaches over 80%, this technique is believed to be beneficial for advanced tumors. In recent years, ELRA has been applied by more centers on larger scales, and the learning curve was set at 53 cases. Progresses in disease selection, surgical indications, individualized outflow reconstruction, or autograft implantation, management of co-morbidities (e.g., Budd-Chiari syndrome, caval and/or neighboring organ involvements, obstructive jaundice) propelled the development of the technique.

Summary
This hybrid liver surgery will benefit for carefully selected patients presented with advanced benign diseases and well-differentiated malignancies.
Decreased Psychological Well-Being in Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Remission
Authors: Katz Douglas , Kuperberg Maya , Kamali Masoud , George Nevita , Mroczek Daniel , Bastarache Emily , Stephan Nicole , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Sylvia Louisa 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The goals of this study were to introduce psychological well-being as an important subject of inquiry in bipolar disorder, to compare well-being in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder with that of a normative sample, and to assess whether common measures of well-being and mood measure empirically distinct phenomena.

Methods:
Participants were outpatients with bipolar I disorder in remission (N=37) from the Enhancing Emotion Regulation in Bipolar Disorder (EERBD) study and a matched community normative sample from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey (N=6297). The Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) was used to measure psychological well-being. We calculated means and SD of scores on the PWBS and evaluated the differences between the scores of the bipolar I and community samples. We also tested the association between raw and change scores in depression [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)] and eudaimonic well-being (PWBS) using Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results:
The MIDUS survey sample (N=6297) was 48% male, with a mean age of 47 years (SD=13 y). The EERBD sample (N=37) was 27% male, with a mean age of 41 years (SD=11 y). In the bipolar sample, the baseline mean score on the HAM-D was 12.7 (SD=6.0) and the mean score on the Young Mania Rating Scale was 6.1 (SD=6.2). The baseline mean sum score on the PWBS in the normative community MIDUS sample was 100 (SD=14), while that of the bipolar I EERBD sample was 79 (SD=15) at baseline, 84 (SD=13) posttreatment, and 84 (SD=12) at the 3-month follow-up assessment. The effect sizes of the differences at all timepoints were large (Hedges g=1.42 at baseline, 1.11 at the end of treatment, and 1.06 at the 3-mo follow-up). No association was found between the PWBS and depression scores.

Conclusions:
Outpatients with bipolar disorder in remission demonstrated substantially impaired psychological well-being, despite low levels of depressive symptoms, compared with a normative community sample.
Seclusion, Restraint, Therapeutic Alliance, and Legal Admission Status: What Really Matters?
Authors: O’Callaghan Aoife K. , Plunkett Róisín , Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To determine the relationships, if any, between use of seclusion and restraint and factors such as demographic parameters, diagnosis, legal admission status (voluntary or involuntary), symptoms, cognitive function, global functioning, therapeutic alliance, attitudes toward medication, and insight, among psychiatry inpatients in Ireland.

Methods:
We used validated tools to perform detailed assessments of 107 adult psychiatry inpatients admitted to acute psychiatry units at 2 general hospitals in Dublin, Ireland over a 30-month period, between September 2017 and February 2020.

Results:
The most common diagnoses in our sample were affective disorders (46.7%), schizophrenia and related disorders (27.1%), and personality and behavioral disorders (11.2%). Over a quarter (n=29, 27.1%) of the participating patients had involuntary legal status. Of the 107 patients, 11 patients (10.3%) experienced sedation and/or physical restraint, with 9 patients (8.4%) experiencing at least 1 episode of seclusion and 10 patients (9.3%) experiencing at least 1 episode of physical restraint. On the basis of multivariable analyses, seclusion was associated with younger age and involuntary status, while physical restraint was associated with involuntary status. Each multivariable model explained just over one third of the variance in the distribution of these seclusion and restraint practices.

Conclusions:
Use of seclusion and restraint was most strongly associated with involuntary admission status and, in the case of seclusion, younger age, rather than sex, diagnosis, symptoms, cognitive function, global functioning, therapeutic alliance, attitudes toward medication, or insight. The network of interactions between involuntary status and use of seclusion and restraint merits much closer attention, especially as use of seclusion and physical restraint appears to be associated with involuntary legal status independent of level of symptoms, therapeutic alliance, or insight.
Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Insomnia Disorder
Authors: Seow Su Yin , Kwok Kah Foo Victor , Tay Kai Hong , Chee Weng Seng Ashwin , Rawtaer Iris , Cheng Yao , Tan Qi Xuan , Tan Shian Ming 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This systematic review assessed the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the treatment of insomnia disorder and their reporting of recommendations, while summarizing the evidence and providing guidance on an algorithmic approach to appropriate pharmacological treatment.

Methods:
The PubMed and EMBASE databases, guideline repositories, and specialist association websites were searched. The quality of the CPGs was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument, complemented by the AGREE-REX (Appraisal of Guidelines REsearch and Evaluation—Recommendations EXcellence). A multidisciplinary team identified the key clinical questions that a clinician would consider when taking an algorithmic approach to the use of medication for patients with insomnia disorder. By using a meta-synthesis approach, recommendations from the CPGs were characterized and summarized via a recommendation matrix.

Results:
A total of 10 records that met the inclusion criteria were included and appraised. Four CPGs were rated as high and 3 CPGs were rated as moderate in overall quality. Most of the CPGs recommended pharmacotherapy only if cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia or other nonpharmacological interventions were unavailable, unsuccessful, or declined by patients. Recommendations on types of medicines and dose and duration of treatment varied and were nonspecific. Few of the CPGs provided recommendations on pharmacotherapy in special populations.

Conclusions:
Indications for starting medications are the only common thread in all of the reviewed CPGs. The CPGs diverged in the choice of first-line pharmacotherapy, and most of the CPGs did not provide recommendations on all subsequent clinical considerations.
Barriers to Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotic Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From One Site
Authors: Forster Sarah E. , Gancz Naomi N. , Gaither Marci L. , Haas Gretchen L. , Starver Kelly D. , Steinhauer Stuart R. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-As) are a crucial treatment option for individuals with serious mental illness. However, due to the necessity of in-person administration of LAI-As, pandemics pose unique challenges for continuity of care in the population prescribed these medications. This project investigated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on LAI-A adherence at a Veterans Health Administration medical facility in the United States, as well as changes in LAI-A prescribing and administration practices during this period.

Methods:
Electronic health records were evaluated for 101 patients prescribed LAI-As. A subset of 13 patients also participated in an interview and rated subjective concerns about pandemic-related barriers to medication adherence.

Results:
Pandemic-related barriers to LAI-A adherence and/or changes to LAI-A medications were documented in 33% of the patients. Within-subjects comparison of an adherence metric computed from electronic health record data further suggested a somewhat higher incidence of missed or delayed LAI-A doses during the pandemic compared with before the pandemic. In contrast, only 2 of the 13 patients interviewed anticipated that pandemic-related concerns would interfere with medication adherence.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that LAI-A access and adherence can be disrupted by pandemics and other public health emergencies but this finding may not generalize to other sites. As patients may not foresee the potential for disruption, psychiatric service providers may need to assist in proactively problem-solving barriers to access. Improved preparedness and additional safeguards against pandemic-related disruptions to LAI-A access and adherence may help mitigate adverse outcomes in the future. Identifying patients at elevated risk for such disruptions may help support these efforts.
Impact of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT on Staging and Therapeutic Management in Patients With Digestive System Tumors
Authors: Kosmala Aleksander , Serfling Sebastian E. , Schlötelburg Wiebke , Lindner Thomas , Michalski Kerstin , Schirbel Andreas , Higuchi Takahiro , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Buck Andreas K. , Weich Alexander , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
We aimed to determine the impact of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)–directed molecular imaging on staging and therapeutic management in patients affected with digestive system tumors when compared with guideline-compatible imaging (GCI).

Patients and Methods
Thirty-two patients with tumors of the digestive system were included: colon adenocarcinoma, 2/32 (6.3%); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 6/32 (18.8%); pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 6/32 (18.8%), and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, 18/32 (56.3%). All patients underwent GCI and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT within median 4 days. Staging outcomes and subsequent treatment decisions were compared between GCI and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT.

Results
Compared with GCI, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT led to staging changes in 15/32 patients (46.9%). Among those, downstaging was recorded in 3/15 cases (20.0%) and upstaging in the remaining 12/15 patients (HCC, 4/12 [33.3%]; PDAC, 4/12 [33.3%]; neuroendocrine neoplasms, 3/12 [25%]; colon adenocarcinoma, 1/12 [8.3%]). Therapeutic management was impacted in 8/32 patients (25.0%), including 4 instances of major and 4 instances of minor therapeutic changes. The highest proportion of treatment modifications was observed in patients diagnosed with PDAC and HCC in 6/8 (75%).

Conclusions
In patients affected with digestive system tumors, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT resulted in staging changes in more than 46% and therapeutic modifications in 25% of the cases, in particular in patients with HCC and PDAC. In clinical routine, such findings may favor a more widespread adoption of FAP-directed imaging in those tumor types.
Liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An International observational cohort study
Authors: Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Bishnu Saptarshi , Baruch Joaquin , Citarella Barbara Wanjiru , Kartsonaki Christiana , Meeyai Aronrag , Mohamed Zubair , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Lefèvre Benjamin , Al-Fares Abdulrahman , Calvache Jose A. , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Olliaro Piero , Merson Laura , Adhikari Neill KJ ,   the ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundUsing a large dataset, we evaluated prevalence and severity of alterations in liver enzymes in COVID-19 and association with patient-centred outcomes.MethodsWe included hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) database. Key exposure was baseline liver enzymes (AST, ALT, bilirubin). Patients were assigned Liver Injury Classification score based on 3 components of enzymes at admission: Normal; Stage I) Liver injury: any component between 1-3x upper limit of normal (ULN); Stage II) Severe liver injury: any component >= 3x ULN. Outcomes were hospital mortality, utilization of selected resources, complications, and durations of hospital and ICU stay. Analyses used logistic regression with associations expressed as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOf 17,531 included patients, 46.2% (8099) and 8.2% (1430) of patients had stage 1 and 2 liver injury respectively. Compared to normal, stages 1 and 2 were associated with higher odds of mortality (OR 1.53 [1.37-1.71]; OR 2.50 [2.10-2.96]), ICU admission (OR 1.63 [1.48-1.79]; OR 1.90 [1.62-2.23]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.43 [1.27-1.70]; OR 1.95 (1.55-2.45).Stages 1 and 2 were also associated with higher odds of developing sepsis (OR 1.38 [1.27-1.50]; OR 1.46 [1.25-1.70]), acute kidney injury (OR 1.13 [1.00-1.27]; OR 1.59 [1.32-1.91]), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR 1.38 [1.22-1.55]; OR 1.80 [1.49-2.17]).ConclusionsLiver enzyme abnormalities are common among COVID-19 patients and associated with worse outcomes.Study HighlightsWhat is known?Abnormalities in liver enzymes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have been described in small, predominantly single-centre studies.Impact of such derangements on clinical outcomes are unclear.What is new here?In this large international study, we found that close to 50% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have abnormal liver enzymes at admission.Such derangements in liver enzymes are associated with worse clinical outcomes (survival, Intensive Care Unit admission and need for invasive mechanical ventilation).They are also associated with the development of complications such as Acute Kidney Injury, Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity between two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and inactivated followed by an mRNA vaccine in children aged 5 - 11 years
Authors: Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Kanokudom Sitthichai , Phowatthanasathian Harit , Chansaenroj Jira , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Assawakosri Suvichada , Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Nilyanimit Pornjarim , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Klinfueng Sirapa , Thongmee Thanunrat , Aeemjinda Ratchadawan , Khanarat Nongkanok , Srimuan Donchida , Thatsanatorn Thaksaporn , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity between the two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regimen and one or two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by an mRNA vaccine regimen in healthy children between 5-11 years of age.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Thailand between March to June 2022. Healthy children between 5-11 years of age were enrolled and received the two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) regimen or the inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccine followed by the BNT162b2 vaccine regimen. In addition, healthy children who received two doses of BBIBP-CorV between 1-3 months prior were enrolled to receive a heterologous BNT162b2 as a third dose (booster).Reactogenicity was assessed by a self-reported online questionnaire. Immunogenicity analysis was performed to determine binding and surrogate neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron variants.ResultsOverall, 166 eligible children were enrolled. Local and systemic AE which occurred within 7 days after vaccination were mild to moderate and well-tolerated. At one-month, post-two or post-three doses, children vaccinated with two-dose BNT162b2, CoronaVac/BNT162b2, and two-dose BBIBP-CorV followed by BNT162b2 elicited similar levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG. However, the two-dose BNT162b2 and two-dose BBIBP-CorV followed by BNT162b2 groups elicited higher neutralizing activities against Omicron BA.2 variant than the CoronaVac/BNT162b2 group.ConclusionThe heterologous, CoronaVac vaccine followed by the BNT162b2 vaccine, regimen elicited lower neutralizing activities against the emerging Omicron BA.2 variant than the two-dose mRNA regimen. A third dose (booster) mRNA vaccine should be prioritized for this group.
Flexible, Scalable, High Channel Count Stereo-Electrode for Recording in the Human Brain
Authors: Lee Keundong , Paulk Angelique C. , Ro Yun Goo , Cleary Daniel R. , Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Kfir Yoav , Pezaris John , Tchoe Youngbin , Lee Jihwan , Bourhis Andrew M. , Vatsyayan Ritwik , Martin Joel R. , Russman Samantha M. , Yang Jimmy C. , Baohan Amy , Richardson R. Mark , Williams Ziv M. , Fried Shelley I. , Sang U Hoi , Raslan Ahmed M. , Ben-Haim Sharona , Halgren Eric , Cash Sydney S. , Dayeh Shadi. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, stereotactically placed electrodes have become the gold standard for deep brain recording and stimulation for a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Current electrodes, however, are limited in their spatial resolution and ability to record from small populations of neurons, let alone individual neurons. Here, we report on a novel, reconfigurable, monolithically integrated human-grade flexible depth electrode capable of recording from up to 128 channels and able to record at a depth of 10 cm in brain tissue. This thin, stylet-guided depth electrode is capable of recording local field potentials and single unit neuronal activity (action potentials), validated across species. This device represents a major new advance in manufacturing and design approaches which extends the capabilities of a mainstay technology in clinical neurology.One-Sentence SummaryA human-grade thin-film depth electrode offers new opportunities in spatial and temporal resolution for recording brain activity.