bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing product fibrations by means of a generalization of a theorem of Ganea
Authors: Selick Paul 
Published: July 2002

A theorem of Ganea shows that for the principal homotopy fibration

Ω
B
→
F
→
E

\Omega B\to F\to E

induced from a fibration

F
→
E
→
B

F\to E\to B

, there is a product decomposition

Ω
(
E

/

F
)
≈
Ω
B
×
Ω
(
F
∗
Ω
B
)

\Omega (E/F)\approx \Omega B\times \Omega (F*\Omega B)

. We will determine the conditions for a fibration

X
→
Y
→
Z

X\to Y\to Z

to yield a product decomposition

Ω
(
Z

/

Y
)
≈
X
×
Ω
(
X
∗
Y
)

\Omega (Z/Y)\approx X\times \Omega (X*Y)

and generalize it to pushouts. Using this approach we recover some decompositions originally proved by very computational methods. The results are then applied to produce, after localization at an odd prime

p
p

, homotopy decompositions for

Ω

J

k

(

S

2
n

)

\Omega {J_{k}\left (S^{2n}\right )}

for some

k
k

which include the cases

k
=

p

t

k=p^{t}

. The factors of

Ω

J

p

t

(

S

2
n

)

\Omega {J_{p^{t}}\left (S^{2n}\right )}

consist of the homotopy fibre of the attaching map

S

2
n

p

t

−
1

→

J

p

t

−
1

(

S

2
n

)

S^{2np^{t}-1}\to {J_{p^{t}-1}\left (S^{2n}\right )}

for

J

p

t

(

S

2
n

)

{J_{p^{t}}\left (S^{2n}\right )}

and combinations of spaces occurring in the Snaith stable decomposition of

Ω

2

S

2
n
+
1

\Omega ^{2} S^{2n+1}

.
Properties of extremal functions for some nonlinear functionals on Dirichlet spaces
Authors: Matheson Alec , Pruss Alexander 
Published: July 2002

Let

B

\mathfrak {B}

be the set of holomorphic functions

f
f

on the unit disc

D
D

with

f
(
0
)
=
0

f(0)=0

and Dirichlet integral

(
1

/

π
)

∬

D

|

f
′

|

2

(1/\pi ) \iint _{D} |f’|^{2}

not exceeding one, and let

b

\mathfrak {b}

be the set of complex-valued harmonic functions

f
f

on the unit disc with

f
(
0
)
=
0

f(0)=0

and Dirichlet integral

(
1

/

2
)
(
1

/

π
)

∬

D

|

∇
f

|

2

(1/2)(1/\pi ) \iint _{D} |\nabla f|^{2}

not exceeding one. For a (semi)continuous function

Φ
:
[
0
,
∞
)
→

R

\Phi :[0,\infty ) \to \mathbb {R}

, define the nonlinear functional

Λ

Φ

\Lambda _{\Phi }

on

B

\mathfrak {B}

or

b

\mathfrak {b}

by

Λ

Φ

(
f
)
=

1

2
π

∫

0

2
π

Φ
(

|

f
(

e

i
θ

)

|

)

d
θ

\Lambda _{\Phi }(f)={\frac {1}{2\pi }} \int _{0}^{2\pi }\Phi (|f(e^{i\theta })|)\,d\theta

. We study the existence and regularity of extremal functions for these functionals, as well as the weak semicontinuity properties of the functionals. We also state a number of open problems.
On Baire-1/4 functions
Authors: Farmaki Vassiliki 
Published: July 2002

We give descriptions of the spaces

D
(
K
)

D(K)

(i.e. the space of differences of bounded semicontinuous functions on

K
K

) and especially of

B

1

/

4

(
K
)

B_{1/4}(K)

(defined by Haydon, Odell and Rosenthal) as well as for the norms which are defined on them. For example, it is proved that a bounded function on a metric space

K
K

belongs to

B

1

/

4

(
K
)

B_{1/4}(K)

if and only if the

ω

t
h

\omega ^{ \mathrm {th}}

-oscillation,

o
s
c

ω

f

\mathrm {osc}_{\omega }f

, of

f
f

is bounded and in this case

‖
f

‖

1

/

4

=
‖

|

f

|

+

o
s
c

~

ω

f

‖

∞

\| f\|_{1/4}=\|\, |f|+ \widetilde {\mathrm {osc}}_{\omega } f\|_{\infty }

. Also, we classify

B

1

/

4

(
K
)

B_{1/4}(K)

into a decreasing family

(

S

ξ

(
K
)

)

1
≤
ξ
>

ω
1

(S_{\xi }(K))_{1\leq \xi >\omega _1}

of Banach spaces whose intersection is equal to

D
(
K
)

D(K)

and

S
1

(
K
)
=

B

1

/

4

(
K
)

S_1 (K)=B_{1/4}(K)

. These spaces are characterized by spreading models of order

ξ
\xi

equivalent to the summing basis of

c
0

c_0

, and for every function

f
f

in

S

ξ

(
K
)

S_{\xi }(K)

it is valid that

o
s

ω

ξ

f

\mathrm {os}_{\omega ^{\xi }}f

is bounded. Finally, using the notion of null-coefficient of order

ξ
\xi

sequence, we characterize the Baire-1 functions not belonging to

S

ξ

(
K
)

S_{\xi }(K)

.
Existence and uniqueness for a degenerate parabolic equation with 𝐿¹-data
Authors: Andreu F. , Mazón J. , de León S. , Toledo J. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study existence and uniqueness of solutions for the boundary-value problem, with initial datum in

L

1

(
Ω
)

L^{1}(\Omega )

,

u

t

=

d
i
v

a

(
x
,
D
u
)

in
(
0
,
∞
)
×
Ω
,

\begin{equation*}u_{t} = \mathrm {div} \mathbf {a} (x,Du) \quad \text {in } (0, \infty ) \times \Omega , \end{equation*}

−

∂
u

∂

η

a

∈
β
(
u
)

on
(
0
,
∞
)
×
∂
Ω
,

\begin{equation*}-{\frac {{\partial u} }{{\partial \eta _{a}}}} \in \beta (u) \quad \text {on } (0, \infty ) \times \partial \Omega ,\end{equation*}

u
(
x
,
0
)
=

u

0

(
x
)

in
Ω
,

\begin{equation*}u(x, 0) = u_{0}(x) \quad \text {in }\Omega ,\end{equation*}

where a is a Carathéodory function satisfying the classical Leray-Lions hypothesis,

∂

/

∂

η

a

\partial / {\partial \eta _{a}}

is the Neumann boundary operator associated to

a

\mathbf {a}

,

D
u

Du

the gradient of

u
u

and

β
\beta

is a maximal monotone graph in

R

×

R

{\mathbb {R}}\times {\mathbb {R}}

with

0
∈
β
(
0
)

0 \in \beta (0)

.
Monomial Bases for 𝐻*(𝐂𝐏^{∞}×𝐂𝐏^{∞}) over 𝒜(𝓅)
Authors: Crossley M. 
Published: July 2002

We consider the polynomial algebra

H
∗

(

C

P
∞

×

C

P
∞

;

F

p

)

H^*(\mathbf {C} P^\infty \times \mathbf {C} P^\infty ; \mathbf {F}_p)

as a module over the mod

p
p

Steenrod algebra,

A

(
p
)

\mathcal {A}(p)

,

p
p

being an odd prime. We give a minimal set of generators consisting of monomials and characterise all such ‘monomial bases’.
Earlyin vitropriming of distinct Th cell subsets determines polarized growth of visceralizingLeishmaniain macrophages
Authors: Gomes Nitza A. , Barreto-de-Souza Victor , DosReis George A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn in vitro priming system of murine naive splenocytes was established to investigate early immune responses to Leishmania chagasi, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. Priming of splenocytes from resistant C3H and CBA or susceptible BALB and B10 mice with L. chagasi resulted in blast transformation and in proliferating parasite-specific CD4+ T cells secreting a differential complement of cytokines (IFN-γ and low IL-10 levels for resistant T cells; IFN-γ, IL-4 and high IL-10 levels for susceptible T cells). After priming, intracellular parasite load was much higher in susceptible than in resistant-type splenocyte cultures. On the other hand, infection of purified splenic macrophages from either resistant or susceptible mice with live L. chagasi promastigotes, resulted in comparable parasite loads. Moreover, when early CD4+ T cell priming in splenocyte cultures was disrupted with anti-CD4 mAb, polarized parasite growth was abolished, becoming comparable in resistant and susceptible cultures. Neutralizing IL-4 activity during splenocyte priming did not affect the final parasite load in susceptible cultures. However, neutralizing IL-10 activity markedly decreased parasite load in susceptible, but not in resistant splenic macrophages. These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role in L. chagasi infection in susceptible hosts. The results also indicate that innate control of growth of a visceralizing Leishmania in splenic macrophages results from the ability to activate different CD4+ T cell subsets.
The effect of moxifloxacin on its target topoisomerases from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Schedletzky Holger , Wiedemann Bernd , Heisig Peter 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The effect of moxifloxacin on its target enzymes was evaluated by three different approaches: (i) the MICs of moxifloxacin and nine other fluoroquinolones were determined for mutants of Escherichia coli (n = 13) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5) carrying different combinations of resistance mutations; (ii) the activity of moxifloxacin on isolated targets was determined as IC 50 values for wild-type and mutant type II topoisomerases from E. coli; and (iii) the mutation frequencies were determined for two single-step mutants (MI with a Ser83→Leu mutation in gyrA and WT-4 with a Ser80→Ile mutation in parC) and their parent strain (WT). Of the quinolones tested, moxifloxacin was the only one showing an equivalent high activity against both targets. This is reflected by a comparable high susceptibility of the test strains of E. coli and S. aureus and by the IC 50 values of moxifloxacin which were 50–90% lower than those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and sparfloxacin for the wild-type and single mutant enzymes of gyrase and topoisomerase IV. However, double mutant GyrA was significantly more sensitive to moxifloxacin than to the other fluoroquinolones tested, while wild-type topoisomerase IV was two-fold more refractory. Mutation rates of WT, MI and WT-4 for ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin were 5 × 10−8 vs 4 × 10−10, &lt;6 × 10−11 vs &lt;6 × 10−11; and 2 × 10 −6 vs 5 × 10−7, respectively. These data indicate an equivalenthigh inhibitory activity of moxifloxacin on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of E. coli.
A Readily Scalable, Clinically Demonstrated, Antibiofouling Zwitterionic Surface Treatment for Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: McVerry Brian , Polasko Alexandra , Rao Ethan , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Chen Dayong , He Na , Ramos Pia , Hayashi Joel , Curson Paige , Wu Chueh‐Yu , Bandaru Praveen , Anderson Mackenzie , Bui Brandon , Sayegh Aref , Mahendra Shaily , Carlo Dino Di , Kreydin Evgeniy , Khademhosseini Ali , Sheikhi Amir , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnlike growth on tissue, microbes can grow freely on implantable devices with minimal immune system intervention and often form resilient biofilms that continuously pump out pathogenic cells. The efficacy of antibiotics used to treat infection is declining due to increased rates of pathogenic resistance. A simple, one‐step zwitterionic surface modification is developed to significantly reduce protein and microbial adhesion to synthetic materials and demonstrate the successful modification of several clinically relevant materials, including recalcitrant materials such as elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane. The treated surfaces exhibit robust adhesion resistance against proteins and microorganisms in both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, the surface treatment prevents the adhesion of mammalian fibroblast cells while displaying no cytotoxicity. To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of the novel technology in the real‐world, a surface‐treated, commercial silicone foley catheter is developed that is cleared for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (K192034). 16 long‐term catheterized patients received surface‐treated catheters and completed a Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) questionnaire. 10 out of 16 patients described their urinary tract condition post implantation as “much better” or “very much better” and 72% (n = 13) of patients desire to continue using the surface‐treated catheter over conventional latex or silicone catheters.
Enhancing the Reversibility of Lattice Oxygen Redox Through Modulated Transition Metal–Oxygen Covalency for Layered Battery Electrodes
Authors: Cheng Chen , Chen Chi , Chu Shiyong , Hu Haolv , Yan Tianran , Xia Xiao , Feng Xuefei , Guo Jinghua , Sun Dan , Wu Jinpeng , Guo Shaohua , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUtilizing reversible lattice oxygen redox (OR) in battery electrodes is an essential strategy to overcome the capacity limitation set by conventional transition metal redox. However, lattice OR reactions are often accompanied with irreversible oxygen oxidation, leading to local structural transformations and voltage/capacity fading. Herein, it is proposed that the reversibility of lattice OR can be remarkably improved through modulating transition metal–oxygen covalency for layered electrode of Na‐ion batteries. By developing a novel layered P2‐Na0.6Mg0.15Mn0.7Cu0.15O2 electrode, it is demonstrated that the highly electronegative Cu dopants can improve the lattice OR reversibility to 95% compared to 73% for Cu‐free counterpart, as directly quantified through high‐efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering. Crucially, the large energetic overlap between Cu 3d and O 2p states dictates the rigidity of oxygen framework, which effectively mitigates the structural distortion of local oxygen environment upon (de)sodiation and leads to the enhanced lattice OR reversibility. The electrode also exhibits a completely solid‐solution reaction with an ultralow volume change of only 0.45% and a reversible metal migration upon cycling, which together ensure the improved electrochemical performance. These results emphasize the critical role of transition metal–oxygen covalency for enhancing the reversibility of lattice OR toward high‐capacity electrodes employing OR chemistry.
Strain Adjustment Realizes the Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting on Tetragonal Zircon BiVO4
Authors: Dai Dujuan , Liang Xizhuang , Zhang Beibei , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Qian , Bao Xiaolei , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOverall water splitting to generate H2 and O2 is vital in solving energy problem. It is still a great challenge to seek efficient visible light photocatalyst to realize overall water splitting. In this work, the tetragonal zircon BiVO4 is prepared by epitaxial growth on FTO substrate and its overall water splitting reaction is studied. Under the influence of epitaxial strain, the conduction band position shifts negatively and beyond H+/H2 reduction potential (0 V vs NHE), which enables it to possess the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. After loading cocatalysts, the overall water splitting (λ > 400 nm) is realized (H2: ≈65.7 µmol g−1 h−1, O2: ≈32.6 µmol g−1 h−1), and the value of solar hydrogen conversion efficiency is 0.012%. The single‐particle photoluminescence (PL) spectra and PL decay kinetics tests demonstrate the cocatalysts are beneficial to the separation and transfer of carriers. The new strategy of adjusting the band structure by strain is provided.
Multifunctional π‐Conjugated Additives for Halide Perovskite
Authors: Lao Yinan , Yang Shuang , Yu Wenjin , Guo Haoqing , Zou Yu , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdditive is a conventional way to enhance halide perovskite active layer performance in multiaspects. Among them, π‐conjugated molecules have significantly special influence on halide perovskite due to the superior electrical conductivity, rigidity property, and good planarity of π‐electrons. In particular, π‐conjugated additives usually have stronger interaction with halide perovskites. Therefore, they help with higher charge mobility and longer device lifetime compared with alkyl‐based molecules. In this review, the detailed effect of conjugated molecules is discussed in the following parts: defect passivation, lattice orientation guidance, crystallization assistance, energy level rearrangement, and stability improvement. Meanwhile, the roles of conjugated ligands played in low‐dimensional perovskite devices are summarized. This review gives an in‐depth discussion about how conjugated molecules interact with halide perovskites, which may help understand the improved performance mechanism of perovskite device with π‐conjugated additives. It is expected that π‐conjugated organic additives for halide perovskites can provide unprecedented opportunities for the future improvement of perovskite devices.
In Situ Visualization and Quantification of Electrical Self‐Heating in Conjugated Polymer Diodes Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Maity Sudeshna , Ramanan Charusheela , Ariese Freek , MacKenzie Roderick C. I. , von Hauff Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐heating in organic electronics can lead to anomalous electrical performance and even accelerated degradation. However, in the case of disordered organic semiconductors, self‐heating effects are difficult to quantify using electrical techniques alone due to complex transport properties. Therefore, more direct methods are needed to monitor the impact of self‐heating on device performance. Here, self‐heating in poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta [2,1‐b;3,4‐b′] dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) diodes is visualized using Raman spectroscopy, and thermal effects due to self‐heating are quantified by exploiting temperature‐dependent shifts in the polymer vibrational modes. The temperature increases due to self‐heating are quantified by correlating the Raman shifts observed in electrically biased diodes with temperature‐dependent Raman measurements. Temperature elevations up to 75 K are demonstrated in the PCPDTBT diodes at moderate power of about 2.6–3.3 W cm−2. Numerical modeling rationalizes the significant role of Joule and recombination heating on the diode current–voltage characteristics. This work demonstrates a facile approach for in situ monitoring of self‐heating in organic semiconductors for a range of applications, from fundamental transport studies to thermal management in devices.
Challenges to voluntary Ag carbon markets
Authors: Wongpiyabovorn Oranuch , Plastina Alejandro , Crespi John M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe credibility of agricultural carbon credits will play a critical role in the determination of payments received by farmers through voluntary carbon markets. This article analyzes the major challenges from both the demand and supply sides to voluntary agricultural carbon credit programs and serves as a resource to researchers, producers, policymakers, and other stakeholders who seek a comprehensive analysis of the challenges that still face this market despite recent positive developments in global agreements.
Novel finding of lissencephaly and severe osteopenia in a Chinese patient with SATB2‐associated syndrome and a brief review of literature
Authors: Lo Hui‐Yin , Ng Wai‐Fu , Fong Nai‐Chung , Lui Choi‐Yu Dilys , Lam Ching‐Wan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS) is a rare disorder characterized by developmental delay, behavioral problems, and craniofacial anomalies in particular dental and palatal abnormalities. We describe the clinical course, genetic and autopsy findings in a Chinese boy with global developmental delay, hypotonia, epilepsy, recurrent fractures and osteopenia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed pachygyria, white matter hypoplasia and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.1555G>A p.(Glu519Lys) in the SATB2 gene. Unfortunately, he died at 26 months of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Autopsy revealed pachygyria which was more severe anteriorly, dilated lateral and third ventricles and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Histology showed features compatible with two‐layered lissencephaly. The bone showed disordered lamination and bone matrix. Although SATB2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of neuronal migration in the developing brain, lissencephaly has not been reported so far. This could represent a more severe phenotype of SAS.
High‐Resolution NMR H/D Exchange of Human Superoxide Dismutase Inclusion Bodies Reveals Significant Native Features Despite Structural Heterogeneity
Authors: Naser Dalia , Tarasca Michael V. , Siebeneichler Bruna , Schaefer Anna , Deol Harmeen K. , Soule Tyler G. B. , Almey Johnathan , Kelso Susan , Mishra Gyana G. , Simon Hilary , Meiering Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein aggregation is central to aging, disease and biotechnology. While there has been recent progress in defining structural features of cellular protein aggregates, many aspects remain unclear due to heterogeneity of aggregates presenting obstacles to characterization. Here we report high‐resolution analysis of cellular inclusion bodies (IBs) of immature human superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutants using NMR quenched amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (qHDX), FTIR and Congo red binding. The extent of aggregation is correlated with mutant global stability and, notably, the free energy of native dimer dissociation, indicating contributions of native‐like monomer associations to IB formation. This is further manifested by a common pattern of extensive protection against H/D exchange throughout nine mutant SOD1s despite their diverse characteristics. These results reveal multiple aggregation‐prone regions in SOD1 and illuminate how aggregation may occur via an ensemble of pathways.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Based Nanolayer for Copper Film Oxidation Mitigation
Authors: Berg Iris , Amit Einav , Hale Lillian , Toste F. Dean , Gross Elad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe wide use of copper is limited by its rapid oxidation. Main oxidation mitigation approaches involve alloying or surface passivation technologies. However, surface alloying often modifies the physical properties of copper, while surface passivation is characterized by limited thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we demonstrate an electrochemical approach for surface‐anchoring of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nanolayer on a copper electrode by electro‐deposition of alkyne‐functionalized imidazolium cations. Water reduction reaction generated a high concentration of hydroxide ions that induced deprotonation of imidazolium cations and self‐assembly of NHCs on the copper electrode. In addition, alkyne group deprotonation enabled on‐surface polymerization by coupling surface‐anchored and solvated NHCs, which resulted in a 2 nm thick NHC‐nanolayer. Copper film coated with a NHC‐nanolayer demonstrated high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures and under alkaline conditions.
Dissipative Control over the Toehold‐Mediated DNA Strand Displacement Reaction
Authors: Del Grosso Erica , Irmisch Patrick , Gentile Serena , Prins Leonard J. , Seidel Ralf , Ricci Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere we show a general approach to achieve dissipative control over toehold‐mediated strand‐displacement, the most widely employed reaction in the field of DNA nanotechnology. The approach relies on rationally re‐engineering the classic strand displacement reaction such that the high‐energy invader strand (fuel) is converted into a low‐energy waste product through an energy‐dissipating reaction allowing the spontaneous return to the original state over time. We show that such dissipative control over the toehold‐mediated strand displacement process is reversible (up to 10 cycles), highly controllable and enables unique temporal activation of DNA systems. We show here two possible applications of this strategy: the transient labelling of DNA structures and the additional temporal control of cascade reactions.
Thickness‐dependent high‐performance solid oxide fuel cells with Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ cathode
Authors: Qiu Hao , Jiang Shanshan , Niu Yingjie , Zhang Qi , Pang Yingping , Su Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is highly reliant upon the properties of cathodes, including crystal structure, electrical conductivity, electrode thickness, and so on. Here, Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ (BSCF) is synthesized and served as the electrode for enabling high‐performance SOFCs. The effect of electrode thickness on the electrocatalytic activity is systematically investigated. The electrode thickness is adjusted in two ways. One is spray‐coating and then calcining once, and the other is performing the above process twice. On the basis of symmetrical cells configuration, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of BSCF electrode with different thickness is evaluated and analyzed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and distribution of relaxation time (DRT). The obtained area‐specific resistances (ASRs) of electrodes on the oxygen ion conducting electrolyte Sm0.2Ce0.9O1.90 (SDC) demonstrate the thickness‐dependent electrochemical activity in ORR of BSCF electrode. With an electrode thickness of 24 μm that controlled by conducting “spray‐coating and calcining” twice, the BSCF electrode displays the optimal electrochemical performance with an ASR of 0.072 Ω cm2 in ambient air at 600°C. This strategy has allowed us to produce an electrode layer with optimal thickness, paving a new path for the design of high‐performance SOFCs.