bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for Convective Deep Inflow
Authors: Kuo Yi‐Hung , Neelin J. David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObservations and cloud‐resolving simulations suggest that a convective updraft structure drawing mass from a deep lower‐tropospheric layer occurs over a wide range of conditions. This occurs for both mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and less‐organized convection, raising the question: is there a simple, universal characteristic governing the deep inflow? Here, we argue that nonlocal dynamics of the response to buoyancy are key. For precipitating deep‐convective features including horizontal scales comparable to a substantial fraction of the troposphere depth, the response to buoyancy tends to yield deep inflow into the updraft mass flux. Precipitation features in this range of scales are found to dominate contributions to observed convective precipitation for both MCS and less‐organized convection. The importance of such nonlocal dynamics implies thinking beyond parcel models with small‐scale turbulence for representation of convection in climate models. Solutions here lend support to investment in parameterizations at a complexity between conventional and superparameterization.
Regional Drivers of Stream Chemical Behavior: Leveraging Lithology, Land Use, and Climate Gradients Across the Colorado River, Texas USA
Authors: Goldrich‐Middaugh G. M. , Ma L. , Engle M. A. , Ricketts J. W. , Soto‐Montero P. , Sullivan P. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding relationships between stream chemistry and watershed factors: land use/land cover, climate, and lithology are crucial to improving our knowledge of critical zone processes that influence water quality. We compiled major ion data from >100 monitoring stations collected over 60 years (1958–2018) across the Colorado River Watershed in Texas (103,000 km2). We paired this river chemistry data with complementary lithology, land use, climate, and stream discharge information. Machine learning techniques were used to produce new insights on controls of stream water chemical behavior, which were validated using traditional multivariate analyses. Studies on stream flow and chemistry in the American west and globally have shown strong relationships between major ion chemical composition, climate, and lithology which hold true for the Colorado River basin in this study. Reactive minerals, including carbonates and evaporites, dominate major ion chemistry across the upper, low‐precipitation regions of the watershed. Upstream and middle reaches of the Colorado River showed shifts from Na‐Cl‐SO4 dominated water from multiple sources including dissolution of gypsum and halite in shallow groundwater, and agricultural activities, to Ca‐HCO3 water types controlled by carbonate dissolution. In the lower portion of the watershed multiple analyses demonstrate that stream chemistry is more influenced by greater precipitation and the presence of silicate minerals than the middle and upstream reaches. This study demonstrates the power of applying machine learning approaches to publicly available long term water chemistry data sets to improve the understanding of watershed interactions with surficial lithology, salinity sources, and anthropogenic influences of water quality.
Metabolic trajectories in childhood and adolescence: Effects on risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Sormunen Elina , Saarinen Maiju M. , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli T. , Hietala Jarmo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is common in antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether these changes can already be seen in premorbid or prodromal period, before the first psychotic episode. We examined insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride trajectories in children and adolescents (9–18 years old), who were later diagnosed with schizophrenia, any non-affective psychosis (NAP) or affective disorder (AD). The study population consisted of a general population-based cohort “The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study”, started in 1980 (n = 3596). Psychiatric diagnoses were derived from the Health Care Register up to the year 2018. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in insulin or lipid levels in children and adolescents who later developed schizophrenia (n = 41) compared to the cohort control group (n = 3202). In addition, no changes in these parameters were seen in the NAP (n = 74) or AD (n = 156) groups compared to the controls, but lower triglyceride levels in childhood/adolescence associated with earlier diagnosis of psychotic disorder in the NAP group. Taken together, our results do not support any gross-level insulin or lipid changes during childhood and adolescence in individuals with later diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Since changes in glucose and lipid metabolism can be observed in neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia, we hypothesize that the more marked metabolic changes develop during the prodrome closer to the onset of the first psychotic episode. The findings have relevance for studies on developmental hypotheses of schizophrenia.
A novel assessment of fine-motor function reveals early hindlimb and detectable forelimb deficits in an experimental model of ALS
Authors: Khademullah C. Sahara , De Koninck Yves 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the loss of cortical and spinal motor neurons (MNs) and muscle degeneration (Kiernan et al. in Lancet 377:942–955, 2011). In the preclinical setting, functional tests that can detect early changes in motor function in rodent models of ALS are critical to understanding the etiology of the disease and treatment development. Here, we established a string-pulling paradigm that can detect forelimb and hindlimb motor deficits in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS earlier than traditional motor performance tasks. Additionally, our findings indicate that early loss of forelimb and hindlimb function is correlated with cortical and spinal MN loss, respectively. This task is not only ecological, low-cost, efficient, and non-onerous, it also requires little animal handling and reduces the stress placed on the animal. It has long been a concern in the field that the SOD1 mouse does not display forelimb motor deficits and does not give researchers a complete picture of the disease. Here, we provide evidence that the SOD1 model does in fact develop early forelimb motor deficits due to the task’s ability to assess fine-motor function, reconciling this model with the various clinical presentation of ALS. Taken together, the string-pulling paradigm may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of ALS, offer nuanced evaluation of prospective treatments, and has high translational potential to the clinic.
Research on fault diagnosis method of planetary gearbox based on dynamic simulation and deep transfer learning
Authors: Song Meng-Meng , Xiong Zi-Cheng , Zhong Jian-Hua , Xiao Shun-Gen , Tang Yao-Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo address the issue of not having enough labeled fault data for planetary gearboxes in actual production, this research develops a simulation data-driven deep transfer learning fault diagnosis method that applies fault diagnosis knowledge from a dynamic simulation model to an actual planetary gearbox. Massive amounts of different fault simulation data are collected by creating a dynamic simulation model of a planetary gearbox. A fresh deep transfer learning network model is built by fusing one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, attention mechanisms, and domain adaptation methods. The network model is used to learn domain invariant features from simulated data, thereby enabling fault diagnosis on real data. The fault diagnosis experiment is verified by using the Drivetrain Diagnostics Simulator test bench. The validity of the proposed means is evaluated by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of various means on various diagnostic tasks.
Evaluation of the composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from four species of Lamiaceae Martinov native to Iran
Authors: Ghavam Mansureh , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Castangia Ines , Manca Maria Letizia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study the essential oils obtained from four different plant species belonging to the Lamiaceae family were extracted by means of hydrodistillation and their composition and antimicrobial activity were evaluated. About 66 components were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and among all, thymol (67.7%), oleic acid (0.5–62.1%), (−)-caryophyllene oxide (0.4–24.8%), α-pinene (1.1–19.4%), 1,8-cineole (0.2–15.4%), palmitic acid (0.32–13.28%), ( +)spathulenol (11.16%), and germacrene D (0.3–10.3%) were the most abundant in all the species tested (i.e. Thymus daenensis, Nepeta sessilifolia, Hymenocrater incanus, and Stachys inflata). In particular, only the composition of essential oils from H. incanus was completely detected (99.13%), while that of the others was only partially detected. Oxygenated monoterpenes (75.57%) were the main compounds of essential oil from T. daenensis; sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (26.88%) were the most abundant in S. inflata; oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.22%) were mainly detected in H. incanus essential oil, while the essential oil from N. sessilifolia was mainly composed of non-terpene and fatty acids (77.18%). Due to their slightly different composition, also the antibacterial activity was affected by the essential oil tested. Indeed, the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities were obtained with the essential oil from T. daenensis by means of the inhibition halo (39 ± 1 and 25 ± 0 mm) against Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the essential oils obtained from the four species varied from 16 to 2000 μg/mL and were strictly affected by the type of microorganism tested. As an example, the essential oils from H. incanus and S. inflata were the most effective against the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 16 and 63 μg/ml, respectively), which is considered one of the most resistant bacterial strain. Therefore, the essential oils obtained from the four species contained a suitable phytocomplexes with potential applications in different commercial area such as agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Moreover, these essential oils can be considered a valuable natural alternative to some synthetic antibiotics, thanks to their ability to control the growth of different bacteria and fungi.
MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy in NGC 300
Authors: Micheva Genoveva , Roth Martin M. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Morisset Christophe , Castro Norberto , Monreal Ibero Ana , Soemitro Azlizan A. , Maseda Michael V. , Steinmetz Matthias , Brinchmann Jarle 
Published: October 2022

Context. There are known differences between the physical properties of H II and diffuse ionized gas (DIG). However, most of the studied regions in the literature are relatively bright, with log10 L(Hα)[erg s−1] ≳ 37.
Aims. We compiled an extremely faint sample of 390 H II regions with a median Hα luminosity of 34.7 in the flocculent spiral galaxy NGC 300, derived their physical properties in terms of metallicity, density, extinction, and kinematics, and performed a comparative analysis of the properties of the DIG.
Methods. We used MUSE data of nine fields in NGC 300, covering a galactocentric distance of zero to ~450 arcsec (~4 projected kpc), including spiral arm and inter-arm regions. We binned the data in dendrogram leaves and extracted all strong nebular emission lines. We identified H II and DIG regions and compared their electron densities, metallicity, extinction, and kinematic properties. We also tested the effectiveness of unsupervised machine-learning algorithms in distinguishing between the H II and DIG regions.
Results. The gas density in the H II and DIG regions is close to the low-density limit in all fields. The average velocity dispersion in the DIG is higher than in the H II regions, which can be explained by the DIG being 1.8 kK hotter than H II gas. The DIG manifests a lower ionization parameter than H II gas, and the DIG fractions vary between 15–77%, with strong evidence of a contribution by hot low-mass evolved stars and shocks to the DIG ionization. Most of the DIG is consistent with no extinction and an oxygen metallicity that is indistinguishable from that of the H II gas. We observe a flat metallicity profile in the central region of NGC 300, without a sign of a gradient.
Conclusions. The differences between extremely faint H II and DIG regions follow the same trends and correlations as their much brighter cousins. Both types of objects are so heterogeneous, however, that the differences within each class are larger than the differences between the two classes.
Liebe Kolleg*innen,
Authors: Holzapfel Christina , Hauner Hans 
Published: October 2022

Liebe Mitglieder der Deutschen Adipositas-Gesellschaft (DAG) e.V.,Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,Unter dem Motto „EINE Krankheit, VIELE Gesichter, NEUE Wege“
findet der diesjährige Adipositas-Kongress vom 6. bis zum 8. Oktober 2022 in
München statt.
GLP-1-basierte Polypharmakotherapien als wegweisender neuer Ansatz in
der Behandlung von Adipositas und Diabetes
Authors: Müller Timo D. 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz von Adipositas, Typ-2-Diabetes und dem metabolischen
Syndrom nimmt weltweit dramatisch zu. Bestehende Therapieoptionen sind –
mit Ausnahme der bariatrischen Chirurgie – nur unzureichend wirksam.
Vielversprechende neue Ansätze zur nachhaltigen und effektiven
Adipositastherapie basieren besonders auf biochemisch optimierten und
langwirksamen Agonisten am Rezeptor für das glukagonähnliche
Peptide-1 (GLP-1) sowie auf unimolekularen Ko-Agonisten an den Rezeptoren
für GLP-1 und dem glukoseabhängigen insulinotropen Polypeptid
(GIP). Jüngste klinische Studien belegen sowohl für den
GLP-1R-Agonisten Semaglutid wie auch für den
GIPR/GLP-1R-Ko-Agonisten Tirzepatide bei tolerablem Sicherheitsprofil
einen Gewichtsverlust>10%.
Adipositasprävention in den ersten 1000 Tagen
Authors: Raab Roxana , Geyer Kristina , Hauner Hans 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den ersten 1000 Tagen werden die Weichen für die langfristige
Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind gestellt. Übergewicht, eine exzessive
Gewichtzunahme in der Schwangerschaft sowie ein ungünstiger Lebensstil
wirken sich kurz- und langfristig negativ auf die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind
aus. Die hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei
Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter sowie die steigende Zahl von
Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Übergewicht oder Adipositas stellen ein
wachsendes Gesundheitsproblem dar. Die Prädisposition für die
spätere Gewichtsentwicklung beginnt bereits im Mutterleib.
Primärpräventive Maßnahmen sind daher besonders
sinnvoll. Bisherige Studien zu Lebensstilinterventionen in der Schwangerschaft
zeigten moderat positive Effekte auf Gewichts- und Gesundheitsparameter der
Mutter, wirkten sich jedoch nicht auf die Gewichtsentwicklung der Kinder aus. Es
sind daher neue Präventionskonzepte erforderlich, die früher
beginnen, risikoadaptiert sind und sich flächendeckend in die Praxis
implementieren lassen. Digitale Maßnahmen wie Smartphone-Applikationen
(Apps) könnten hierbei eine sinnvolle Unterstützung bieten. Die
Zahl an aussagekräftigen Studien zur Erprobung App-gestützter
Interventionen ist noch dürftig, erste Ergebnisse deuten jedoch auf
positive Effekte hin. Die Herausforderung für die kommenden Jahre wird
sein, solche Ansätze zur Unterstützung einer gesunden
Lebensweise rund um die Schwangerschaft zu entwickeln, zu evaluieren und zu
implementieren, um die langfristige Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind wirksamer zu
schützen.
Die Versorgungslage von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Adipositas
– ist ein Disease Management Programm (DMP) eine
Lösung?
Authors: Joisten Christine , Gellhaus Ines , Kauth Thomas , Leipold Georg , Wabitsch Martin , Weihrauch-Blüher Susann , Wiegand Susanna , Dötsch Jörg , Fischbach Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungAdipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter stellt auch infolge der COVID-19 Pandemie
ein wachsendes Problem dar. In der Therapie wiesen verhaltensorientierte
multimodale Programme mit den Schwerpunkten Ernährung, Bewegung,
medizinische und psychosoziale Betreuung unter Einbezug des familiären
Umfeldes bzw. der Eltern über einen Zeitraum von 6 bis 12 Monaten die
beste Evidenz auf. Allerdings gibt es nach wie vor keine flächendeckende
Versorgung Betroffener. Dies ist hauptsächlich auf eine uneinheitliche
Kostenübernahme durch unterschiedliche Kostenträger und
Verantwortlichkeiten zurückzuführen. Die vom Gesetzgeber
vorgesehene Entwicklung eines Disease Management Programms Adipositas stellt
einen möglichen Schritt zur adäquaten Versorgung dar. Um den
Besonderheiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen gerecht zu werden, sollte neben
einem DMP für Erwachsene eines für diese Altersgruppe konzipiert
werden. Zusätzlich sollte dieses DMP „Adipositas im Kindes- und
Jugendalter“ in ein Gesamtkonzept eingebettet werden, das
patientenzentriert den Bedürfnissen der Betroffenen i.S. ambulanter und
stationärer Maßnahmen gerecht wird. Um aber die
Versorgungssituation zu verbessern, sind darüber hinaus
sozialgesetzbuchüberschreitende innovative Absätze wie
beispielsiweise kommunal verankerte Beratungsstellen wünschenswert.
Palliativversorgung und hospizliche Begleitung in der
stationären Pflege zwischen theoretischem Konzept und
Praxisalltag
Authors: Bußmann Anna , Pomorin Natalie 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Trotz gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen befindet sich die palliative
Versorgung und hospizliche Begleitung in Pflegeeinrichtungen auf
unterschiedlichem Niveau. Zwar verfügen die meisten Einrichtungen
inzwischen über Palliative Care-Konzepte, die Integration in den
Praxisalltag erfolgt jedoch kaum. Ziel ist es, Versorgungsunterschiede im
Praxisalltag darzustellen und zu ermitteln, wodurch Abweichungen zu theoretisch
angelegten Konzepten in der Praxis bedingt sind.
Methodik Im Rahmen des Modellprojekts „Hospizliche Begleitung und
palliative Versorgung in der stationären Pflege“ werden
Struktur- und Prozessanalysen in zwei stationären Piloteinrichtungen im
städtischen und ländlichen Raum in Nordrhein-Westfalen
durchgeführt. Zusätzlich werden drei Einrichtungen eines
erweiterten Trägerkreises sowie ein fachkundiger Expertenbeirat mit
eingebunden, um (träger-) spezifische Merkmale geringzuhalten und
Erkenntnisse zu erweitern.
Ergebnisse Obwohl der Anteil palliativer Bewohner*innen ebenso wie
ihr Durchschnittsalter vergleichbar ist, bestehen zwischen den Einrichtungen
deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der palliativen Verweildauer (213,2 Tage vs.
88,6 Tage) sowie der Sterberate palliativer Bewohner*innen an der
Gesamtzahl verstorbener Bewohner*innen (26% vs. 63,6%).
Die Prozessabläufe weichen trotz ähnlicher Konzepte und
Verfahrensanweisungen enorm voneinander ab. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die
Palliativversorgung in Einrichtung X zumindest formell zu einem früheren
Zeitpunkt einsetzt, zu dem bereits Vorbereitungen in Bezug auf die
Lebensendphase stattfinden. Die Identifikation palliativer
Versorgungssituationen basiert in beiden Einrichtungen, ebenso wie
Kommunikationsstrukturen, organisatorische Abläufe und der Einbezug von
Kooperationspartnern, ohne feste Strukturen auf der subjektiven Handhabung von
Mitarbeitenden.
Schlussfolgerung Es stellt sich als komplexe und herausfordernde Aufgabe
für die Pflegeeinrichtungen heraus, unter den Rahmenbedingungen ein
einheitliches und dennoch der Individualität des Menschen angepasstes
Konzept in der Praxis umzusetzen. Neben der Integration von praxistauglichen
Leitfäden und Assessments, definierten Verantwortungsbereichen sowie
Organisations- und Koordinationshilfen bedarf es ferner der Entwicklung
geeigneter Finanzierungskonzepte auf gesundheitspolitischer Ebene, um
theoretisch angelegte Palliative Care-Bedingungen in die Praxis
überführen zu können.
Current Biologics in Asthma Treatment
Authors: Imanirad Donya , Tabatabaian Farnaz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUncontrolled asthma and/or severe asthma causes significant impairments in quality of life and is often a huge health care burden. Monoclonal antibodies have been an important addition to the therapeutic management of patients with moderate to severe asthma who do not respond to conventional asthma management. Currently the majority of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved biologics target T2 high inflammation. However, with the expanding knowledge of asthma pathogenesis, novel therapeutics targeting T2 low inflammation are in development. In this article we will focus on the current understanding of T2 inflammation and approved biologics for moderate to severe asthma.
Secondary Headache Disorders: Approach, Workup, and Special Considerations for Select Populations
Authors: Friedman Sarah A. , Masters-Israilov Alina , Robbins Matthew S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeadache is one of the most common diagnoses in neurology. A thorough understanding of the clinical presentation of secondary headache, which can be life-threatening, is critical. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to a patient with headache, including discussion of “red,” “orange,” and “green” flags. We emphasize particular scenarios to help tailor the clinical workup to individual circumstances such as in pregnant women, when particular attention must be paid to the effects of blood pressure and hypercoagulability, as well as in older adults, where there is a need for higher suspicion for an intracranial mass lesion or giant cell arteritis. Patients with risk factors for headache secondary to alterations in intracranial pressure, whether elevated (e.g., idiopathic intracranial hypertension) or decreased (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid leak), may require more specific diagnostic testing and treatment. Finally, headache in patients with COVID-19 or long COVID-19 is increasingly recognized and may have multiple etiologies.