bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALLC: autonomous lightweight distributed ledger constructor for securing IoT information
Authors: Abo-Soliman Mohamed , Shaaban Eman , Emara Karim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Applying Distributed Ledger Technologies to securely manage intercommunicated data between IoT applications has recently been adopted on an enormous scale. They enable data integrity, privacy, and robustness to public, open, permission-less P2P networks. Voting-based consensus algorithms proved high efficiency even with limited computing and less power IoT devices. Moreover, they can identify legitimate information and isolate malicious attackers through repetitive voting queries to adjacent peers asking their opinions about the validity of each transaction. Several lightweight validation models are introduced to enrich IoT networks with better performance and higher security. Nevertheless, the current algorithms struggle to find adequate parameters that balance network security and operability, in addition to balancing fairness in distributed environments. This paper introduces an Autonomous Lightweight Ledger Constructor to resolve common defects and threats. Based on Reinforcement Learning, it can dynamically construct a valid distributed ledger in limited-computing systems under several adversarial conditions. The validity of transactions in this approach is calculated based on their cumulative weights and the issuer’s reputation, which are inferred subjectively by a lightweight Bayesian-like function. A new simulator is developed to evaluate ALLC performance and security. The experimental results demonstrate reasonable performance and high resistance against known compromises targeting Distributed Ledger Technologies.
Genomic characterization of a novel sakobuvirus (family Picornaviridae) from a European badger (Meles meles) in Hungary
Authors: Pankovics Péter , Balázs Benigna , Boros Ákos , Nagy Gábor , Szekeres Sándor , Reuter Gábor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since 2012, sakobuvirus and sakobuvirus-like (family Picornaviridae) sequences have been detected in felines, wild boars, badgers, and fur seals. In this study, we determined the genome sequence of a novel sakobuvirus identified in faecal samples from European badgers (Meles meles) in Hungary. The strain SakV/badger/B40B/2022/HUN (PQ382029) has a type IV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and'barbell-like' structures in its 5' and 3’UTRs, with a genomic layout that matches the L-1AB-1C-1D/2AH − Box/NC-2B-2C/3A-3B-3C-3D structure. The most closely related strain, SaKoV/Badger/3A_2019/ITA (OP293080), shows 82.8%, 82.5%, and 80.4% amino acid sequence identity in the proteins P1, 2C, and 3CD, respectively, indicating that different sakobuviruses can potentially circulate among members of the same host species in geographically different regions.
The course to sustainability: the role of university-related intermediaries in providing directionality to regional innovation initiatives
Authors: Hirschmann Daniel , Feser Daniel , Winkler-Portmann Simon J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For a transformative innovation policy, implementing directionality is a challenge. Contributing to change requires proactive stimulation and prioritization of specific innovation activities. This is particularly challenging for stakeholders engaged in sustainability transitions. Therefore, we connected the concepts of directionality and intermediation to analyze university-related intermediaries in providing directionality in sustainability-oriented regional innovation initiatives. We conducted a comparative analysis of four German regional and university-led innovation initiatives based on 63 interviews. Our analysis provides insights into operational and strategic adaptations of intermediation practices in regional sustainability-oriented innovation initiatives. The adapted roles and activities of intermediaries we identified represent responses to directionality challenges and allow intermediaries to induce and maintain directionality. By extending their capabilities and taking on new roles, university-related intermediaries help to overcome transition impediments and thus facilitate sustainability transitions. By revealing the potential of university-related intermediaries to provide directionality, the analysis emphasizes their role in transitions and contributes to the ongoing discussion of how to implement directionality in transformative innovation policy practice.
Rethinking regional performance: examining the role of economic growth and industrial clusters in the objective well-Being of european regions
Authors: Grashof Nils 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While promoting the well-being of people is the ultimate goal of all EU social and economic policies, research in this area has been mainly limited to income-based measures of well-being, such as GDP per capita, especially at the regional level. Therefore, this study aims to go beyond income-based measures and examine the spatial distribution and drivers of objective well-being in European regions. To achieve this, a unique panel dataset is created by integrating regional data on objective well-being (based on the EU-Social Progress Index), economic growth, industrial clusters and knowledge structure, covering 165 NUTS-2 regions from 11 EU countries (between 2011 and 2018). Based on dynamic panel regressions using a system generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, it is shown that the economic growth promotes the objective well-being in regions. Evidence is also found that the industrial structure within regions is an additional driver. Regions with a diverse industrial cluster portfolio are more likely to have high objective well-being. However, this influence is negatively moderated by the strength of the industrial clusters, which possibly refers to size-related negative externalities. Besides the economic effects, industrial cluster structures can therefore also influence the objective well-being in regions. To promote regional well-being, regional policies should support a diverse industrial cluster portfolio rather than a regional cluster structure that is overly specialized in relatively few large industries.
Pectoralis major muscle index as an opportunistic predictor of mortality in acute stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Yilmaz Ezgi , Sarier Isa Furkan , Gocmen Rahsan , Arsava Ethem Murat , Topcuoglu Mehmet Akif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Premorbid sarcopenia in acute stroke indicates poor prognosis. Since formal sarcopenia tests cannot be performed, the muscle features imaged in diagnostic studies are opportunistically used as surrogates for sarcopenia in the acute period.

Methods
In 110 consecutive acute ischemic anterior circulation stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone (mean age: 73±13 years, 55% women), the cross-sectional area (CSA) and attenuation of pectoralis major and minor muscles and mediastinal adipose tissue were measured at admission computed tomography (CT) angiography source images.

Results
Pectoralis major and minor muscle CSA (mm2) and indices (CSA/height(m)2) were significantly higher in patients with 3-month modified Rankin’s scores of 0–1 (excellent outcome, 41%), 0–2 (good outcome, 54%), and in surviving patients (87%). In regression models adjusted for age and NIHSS, pectoralis major muscle CSA (partial r: -0.281, p = 0.027) and pectoralis major index (partial r: -0.332, p = 0.008) were independent predictors of mortality. The discriminatory value of the pectoralis major index for mortality was good (ROC-AUC 0.794, 95%CI: 0.676–0.885). The optimal threshold for survival of pectoralis major index was > 3316 mm2/m2 with 0.607 Youden J index. No difference was found in muscle CT attenuation values, mediastinal adipose tissue area and radiodensity in deceased patients.

Conclusions
Our retrospective analysis documents that the pectoralis major index, a readily available CT anthropometry surrogate for sarcopenia, is an independent predictor of survival in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing systemic thrombolysis. It may suggest that the pectoralis major index could be included in the prognostic toolkit of acute ischemic stroke.
Overcome the gender gap: analyzing massive open online courses through the lens of stereotype threat theory
Authors: Stattkus Daniel , Göritz Lorena , Illgen Katharina-Maria , Beinke Jan Heinrich , Thomas Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite ongoing progress towards gender equality in education, women remain significantly underrepresented in computer science—a field still shaped by stereotypical expectations in our society. This gap is evident in both traditional classroom settings and online learning platforms such as MOOCs, where women face psychological barriers that hinder their learning success. As MOOCs increase accessibility and democratize education, it’s particularly important to address the barriers women face in these platforms. By analyzing 338,459 negative reviews from 8,067 IT and software courses offered by the MOOC provider Udemy, we explored the differences in how men and women experience these online learning environments. Our analysis was complemented by ten expert interviews, which helped us develop key propositions to explain these gender-based differences and derive guidelines to overcome them. Our results reveal that men and women criticize similar topics in IT courses, demonstrating that they do not belong to different user groups. However, differences between male and female reviews emerge within each topic. These differences are reflected in different communication styles, demands and areas of emphasis, shaped by gender-specific backgrounds, socialization processes and stereotypes. To overcome these differences, we propose seven guidelines drawing form Stereotype Threat Theory for designing gender-inclusive online courses that focus on inclusive communication and representation, creating supportive learning environments, and implementing high-quality, bias-aware educational practices. Aiming to foster greater participation and success for women in computer science.
The importance of generalized trust for mortality and economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Authors: Albæk Karsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This study investigates the role of trust in others with respect to mortality and economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subject and methods
The study analyses data among 42 European countries on mortality up to 30 April 2021. The study proposes a model in which trust affects COVID-19 mortality through two channels: (1) income per capita, which is associated with traits of society that are important for mortality, and (2) compliance with advice from experts and authorities.

Results
The main result is that an increase in trust by one standard deviation corresponds to a reduction in the COVID-19 death rate by 43%. One standard deviation corresponds to the difference in trust between, for example, the United Kingdom and Switzerland or the Netherlands. The results show that compliance accounts for 60–90% of the total impact of trust on mortality, while the impact of trust through income per capita accounts for the rest. Epidemics are likely to reduce contact with others, including contact where economic activity takes place. The study estimates that 1000 COVID-19 deaths per million inhabitants resulted in a decrease in gross domestic product of 4.4% in European countries. For the UK, for example, this amounts to about 1.4 million GBP for each avoided COVID-19 death.

Conclusion
The level of trust was an important determinant for mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries, and the major part of the impact can be attributed to compliance.
Musical heritage historical entity linking
Authors: Graciotti Arianna , Lazzari Nicolas , Presutti Valentina , Tripodi Rocco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Linking named entities occurring in text to their corresponding entity in a Knowledge Base (KB) is challenging, especially when dealing with historical texts. In this work, we introduce Musical Heritage named Entities Recognition, Classification and Linking (mhercl), a novel benchmark consisting of manually annotated sentences extrapolated from historical periodicals of the music domain. mhercl contains named entities under-represented or absent in the most famous KBs. We experiment with several State-of-the-Art models on the Entity Linking (EL) task and show that mhercl is a challenging dataset for all of them. We propose a novel unsupervised EL model and a method to extend supervised entity linkers by using Knowledge Graphs (KGs) to tackle the main difficulties posed by historical documents. Our experiments reveal that relying on unsupervised techniques and improving models with logical constraints based on KGs and heuristics to predict entities (entities not represented in the KB of reference) results in better EL performance on historical documents.
Biometric relationships and condition factor of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) grown in concrete ponds with groundwater
Authors: La Rosa Luis Lorenzo Carrillo , Morell-Monzó Sergio , Puig-Pons Vicente , Pérez-Arjona Isabel , Espinosa Víctor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates biometric relationships in Oreochromis niloticus (gray tilapia) reared in controlled pond environments at the Centro de Investigación Piscícola (CINPIS), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Perú), over a 3-year period (2021–2023). Focusing on total length (

$${L}_{t}$$

L
t

), standard length (

$${L}_{s}$$

L
s

), height (

$$H$$

H

), and width (

$$A$$

A

), we developed models to estimate weight (

$$W$$

W

) based on these parameters, achieving strong model performances with R2 values between 0.899 and 0.994. The model using

$${L}_{t}$$

L
t

as a predictor of

$$W$$

W

proved most accurate with a mean relative error (MRE) of 11.2%, while models incorporating additional dimensions (

$$H$$

H

and

$$A$$

A

) did not enhance predictive accuracy. Comparative analyses show our model aligns with some studies on tilapia, though variations in L-W relationships due to environmental and breeding conditions are evident. Our results affirm the utility of

$${L}_{t}$$

L
t

in non-invasive biomass estimation for aquaculture, while highlighting the limitations of applying these models universally across different conditions and fish populations. Condition factor (

$$K$$

K

) and relative condition factor (

$${K}_{r}$$

K
r

) analyses further demonstrated stable and optimal growth conditions (mean

$$K$$

K

≈ 1.76;

$${K}_{r}$$

K
r

≈ 1.01) for tilapia under local culture practices. Accordingly, we propose the L-W relationship

$$W= {0.0265L}^{2.8469}$$

W
=

0.0265
L

2.8469

for estimating the weight of gray tilapia grown in ponds with groundwater. This study provides a basis for the development of biomass estimation methods based on active acoustics or stereo video.
Effectiveness in retrieving legal precedents: exploring text summarization and cutting-edge language models toward a cost-efficient approach
Authors: Mentzingen Hugo , António Nuno , Bacao Fernando 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the interplay between text summarization techniques and embeddings from Language Models (LMs) in constructing expert systems dedicated to the retrieval of legal precedents, with an emphasis on achieving cost-efficiency. Grounded in the growing domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law, our research confronts the perennial challenges of computational resource optimization and the reliability of precedent identification. Through Named Entity Recognition (NER) and part-of-speech (POS) tagging, we juxtapose various summarization methods to distill legal documents into a convenient form that retains their essence. We investigate the effectiveness of these methods in conjunction with state-of-the-art embeddings based on Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly ADA from OpenAI, which is trained on a wide range of general-purpose texts. Utilizing a dataset from one of Brazil’s administrative courts, we explore the efficacy of embeddings derived from a Transformer model tailored to legal corpora against those from ADA, gauging the impact of parameter size, training corpora, and context window on retrieving legal precedents. Our findings suggest that while the full text embedded with ADA’s extensive context window leads in retrieval performance, a balanced combination of POS-derived summaries and ADA embeddings presents a compelling trade-off between performance and resource expenditure, advocating for an efficient, scalable, intelligent system suitable for broad legal applications. This study contributes to the literature by delineating an optimal approach that harmonizes the dual imperatives of computational frugality and retrieval accuracy, propelling the legal field toward more strategic AI utilization.
From the Aporia of Expression to Ethical Openness: Fink and Levinas on Transcendental Language
Authors: Chen Changyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Is a language truly suited for transcendental phenomenology possible? Can philosophers unambiguously express their thoughts after the phenomenological reduction? By exploring the perspectives of Fink and Levinas, I examine the thesis that philosophers do not possess a language uniquely their own—specifically, a proper transcendental language capable of expressing their thoughts adequately and unambiguously. In confrontation with Husserl, who maintains that such a language is attainable, both Fink and Levinas uncover a fundamental tension: while transcendental insights demand articulation, language remains bound to mundane experience, risking the distortion of those very insights. Though both thinkers advocate for a reduction of language, this reduction necessarily remains incomplete. The philosopher’s desire to thematize is thus overshadowed by the limitation of language itself. Yet, it is precisely this tension that reflects their shared commitment to a primordial ethical openness, albeit through distinct pathways.
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonists, PD123,319 ((S-( +)-1-[(4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid), EMA300 (5-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) and EMA401 ((3S)-5-(benzyloxy)-2-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), evoke pain relief in a varicella zoster virus-induced rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Das V. , Lam A. L. , Smith M. T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a type of neuropathic (nerve) pain that persists for more than 3 months after crusting of the last shingles lesion. It is difficult to relieve with analgesic/adjuvant medications, and so novel analgesics are needed. Our aim was to use a rat model of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-induced neuropathic pain to assess the pain relief efficacy of several small molecule angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonists (PD123,319, EMA300, and EMA401) relative to clinically used analgesic/adjuvant agents from four different pharmacological classes. Male Wistar rats received a unilateral intraplantar injection of VZV-infected MRC-5 cells (2 × 104 infected cells) and paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) in the ipsilateral hindpaws were assessed using von Frey filaments. Animals with PWTs ≤ 8 g received single doses of PD123,319 (0.03–3 mg/kg), EMA300 (0.3–5 mg/kg), EMA401 (0.03–1 mg/kg), gabapentin (10–60 mg/kg), amitriptyline (5–30 mg/kg), morphine (0.1–3 mg/kg), meloxicam (5–20 mg/kg) or vehicle and PWT versus time curves were generated. Single doses of PD123,319, EMA300, EMA401, gabapentin and morphine-evoked dose-dependent anti-allodynia in the hindpaws of VZV-rats. The mean (95% confidence intervals) ED50s were 0.57 (0.04–1.7), 2.5 (1.0–3.7) and 0.41 (0.12–0.87) mg/kg for PD123,319, EMA300, and EMA401, respectively. The ED50s for gabapentin and morphine were 39.9 (25.1–64.8) and 0.04 (0.16–2.09) mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the anti-allodynic efficacy of EMA401 in a VZV-rat model of neuropathic pain is aligned with its analgesic efficacy in a Phase 2a clinical trial in patients with PHN. This model has utility for anti-allodynic efficacy assessment of novel AT2 receptor antagonists from drug discovery.
Realising the Case Management Ideal in Multi-organisational Coordination Work to Support Work Ability and (Re)employment in Finland
Authors: Juvonen-Posti Pirjo , Nevala Nina , Kaleva Simo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Inclusivity policies can positively impact labour shortages. The ideal approach to work ability services has shifted from being system centred to being individually tailored and human centred. Service systems are complex in many countries and case managers, referred to here as coordinators, play a key role in achieving the human-centred goal of increasing labour force participation. However, the literature on the practices of these coordinators and their distinct roles in supporting work ability and (re)employment and the contexts in which they do so is limited. This study aimed to clarify what these coordinators do and to explore the extent to which coordinating work meets the ideal of individualised support in different operating contexts.

Methods
The design was a mixed-method study, which utilised two data sources to answer the same complex questions. It consisted of surveys, and in-depth interviews that were based on its results. A total of 241 professionals from various services responded to these surveys, and 15 volunteers were interviewed. The questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods, whereas the interviews were examined using thematic analysis. After this, the data were integrated according to a multi-level context framework.

Results
Initially, the coordinators from different sectors shared similar human-oriented values and ways of working. However, crossing administrative and organisational boundaries proved difficult, even though this was essential for the continuity of the client’s process. As a result, ideal case management was not fully achieved.

Conclusion
The findings highlight a necessity for joint policies and practices, and organisational engagement to long-term collaboration.