bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronological T‐wave alternation before and after the onset of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sato Akira , Saiki Hirofumi , Kudo Maki , Takizawa Yurie , Kuwata Seiko , Nakano Satoshi , Sato Yumi , Miura Kunihiko , Oyama Kotaro , Akasaka Manami 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentification of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) during childhood is challenging due to the lack of specific ECG manifestation. We report chronological ECG alteration before several years of the ARVC onset in two affected children. Their ECG at the age of 6 years was almost normal for their age, and their chronological ECGs exhibited inversion of T wave in inferior leads, which are typical for ARVC, developed at younger age than that in precordial leads. In addition, the leftmost T‐wave inversion in the precordial lead shifted toward the left in our patients, which is a sharp contrast to its physiological transition.
Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor‐induced hypomagnesemia
Authors: Gommers Lisanne M. M. , Hoenderop Joost G. J. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reliably suppress gastric acid secretion and are therefore the first‐line treatment for gastric acid‐related disorders. Hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium [Mg2+] <0.7 mmol/L) is a commonly reported side effect of PPIs. Clinical reports demonstrate that urinary Mg2+ excretion is low in PPI users with hypomagnesemia, suggesting a compensatory mechanism by the kidney for malabsorption of Mg2+ in the intestines. However, the exact mechanism by which PPIs cause impaired Mg2+ absorption is still unknown. In this review, we show that current experimental evidence points toward reduced Mg2+ solubility in the intestinal lumen. Moreover, the absorption pathways in both the small intestine and the colon may be reduced by changes in the expression and activity of key transporter proteins. Additionally, the gut microbiome may contribute to the development of PPI‐induced hypomagnesemia, as PPI use affects the composition of the gut microbiome. In this review, we argue that the increase of the luminal pH during PPI treatment may contribute to several of these mechanisms. Considering the fact that bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers results in luminal acidification, we propose that targeting the gut microbiome using dietary intervention might be a promising treatment strategy to restore hypomagnesemia in PPI users.
Where regulation counts: Provincial regulation of municipal elections in Canada
Authors: Garnett Holly Ann , Keir Mark V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow comprehensive are the provincial regulations of municipal elections in Canada? We know the “rules of the game” matter for electoral integrity but know comparatively little about these regulations at the municipal level in Canada. This question importantly highlights issues of electoral integrity at the municipal level in Canada as well as levels of centralization (or decentralization) between provinces and municipalities. To address these issues, this article presents an overview of the regulation of municipal elections in Canada using the framework from the European Electoral Performance Index (EEPI). It examines the variations in regulation of electoral management, from voter registration to post‐election dispute resolution. It then discusses the areas most commonly and least commonly regulated for Canadian municipalities, highlighting some key gaps in the regulation of municipal elections in Canada.
Diverse migration tactics of fishes within the large tropical Mekong River system
Authors: Vu An V. , Baumgartner Lee J. , Mallen‐Cooper Martin , Doran Gregory S. , Limburg Karin E. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Thiem Jason D. , Howitt Julia A. , Kewish Cameron M. , Reinhardt Juliane , Cowx Ian G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFish often migrate to feed, reproduce and seek refuge from predators and prevailing environmental conditions. As a result, migration tactics often vary among species based on a diversity of life history needs, although variation within species is increasingly being recognised as important to population resilience. In this study, within‐ and among‐species diversity in life history migratory tactics of six Mekong fish genera was examined using otolith microchemistry to explore diadromous and potamodromous traits. Two species were catadromous and one species was an estuarine resident, while the remaining three species were facultative in their migration strategies, with up to four tactics within a single species. Migrant and resident contingents co‐existed within the same species. Management, conservation and mitigation strategies that maintain connectivity in large tropical rivers, such as effective fishway design, should consider a diversity of migration tactics at the individual level for improved outcomes.
Low left atrial appendage emptying velocity is a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Authors: Thotamgari Sahith Reddy , Sheth Aakash Rajendra , Ahmad Javaria , Bawa Danish , Thevuthasan Sindhu , Babbili Akhilesh , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel , Brar Vijaywant , Duddyala Narendra , Amorn Allen , Dominic Paari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation (CA) remains common and studies have shown about 5%–9% annual recurrence rate after CA. We sought to assess the echocardiogram derived left atrial appendage (LAA) emptying velocity as a predictor of AF recurrence after CA.ObjectiveTo determine if LAA emptying is a marker of recurrence of AF post‐CAMethodsA total of 303 consecutive patients who underwent CA for AF between 2014 and 2020 were included. Baseline clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data of the patients were obtained by chart review. LAA emptying velocities were obtained from transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). LA voltage was obtained during the mapping for CA. Chi‐square test and nominal logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. An receiver operator characteristic curve was used to determine LAA velocity cut‐off.ResultsMean patient age was 61.7 ± 10.5; 32% were female. Mean LAA emptying velocity was 47.5 ± 20.2. A total of 103 (40%) patients had recurrence after CA. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for potential confounders, LAA emptying velocity of ≥52.3 was associated with decreased AF recurrence postablation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.97; p = .03*). There were 190 (73%) patients in normal sinus rhythm during TEE and CA, and sensitivity analysis of these patients showed that LAA velocity ≥52.3 remained associated with decreased AF recurrence (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.82; p = .01*).ConclusionLAA emptying velocity measured during preprocedural TEE can serve as a predictor of AF recurrence in patients undergoing CA.
Rethinking dispossession: The livelihood consequences of land expropriation in contemporary rural China
Authors: Gu Guolin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand expropriation is a major source of conflict in contemporary rural China. Existing research tends to frame land expropriation as ‘dispossession’—local governments expropriating land to pursue economic growth at the expense of villagers' welfare. However, systematic evidence on the livelihood impacts of land expropriation is limited, which has made assessing this interpretation difficult. This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data to examine the immediate effects of land expropriation on villagers' livelihoods as well as how they evolve over the following years. It finds that households with migrant workers saw significant socio‐economic gains after land expropriation through both increased wage income and government compensation. Households without migrant workers, on the other hand, experienced a small deterioration in their socio‐economic position as their income remained stagnant while their living costs increased. These findings cast a different light on the dispossession thesis not only because a significant portion of the rural population makes socio‐economic gains after land expropriation but also by problematizing assumptions that smallholding agriculture is necessarily the most desirable source of livelihood for villagers. Instead, it calls for attention to villagers' increasingly diversified livelihood strategies, as well as the multifaceted role of the state in the process.
Dupilumab for alopecia areata treatment: A double‐edged sword?
Authors: Jin Peng , Wei Li , Zhang Qinqin , Gao Tingting , Bai Jianxue , Dong Liang , Zhi Lili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA), which is a common and inflammatory hair loss and one of the most frequent dermatological conditions with higher incidence worldwide, the complex interplay involved multiple factors was contributed to the pathogenesis that consists of immune privilege losing and destruction with autoimmune‐mediated in hair follicle also the abnormal regulation of inflammatory pathways was highlighted, although it was remained unclear to date.(J Am Acad Dermatol, 78, 2018, 1) Some treatment options for AA were proposed with great advances in recent years, but the options and efficacy were limited, such as platelet‐rich plasma, JAK–STAT inhibitor, PDE4 inhibitor, and others, also the good response with regrow hair of cytokine‐targeted therapy like dupilumab, ustekinumab was shown.(Clin Exp Med, 21, 2021, 215; Drugs, 80, 2020, 635) Here, we present a case with onset of AA following dupilumab treatment, the chronological relationship between the AA onset and dupilumab use should be known and emphasized.
A semantic approach to nonmonotonic reasoning: Inference operations and choice
Authors: Lindström Sten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a uniform semantic treatment of nonmonotonic inference operations that allow for inferences frominfinitesets of premisses. The semantics is formulated in terms ofselection functionsand is a generalisation of thepreferential semanticsof Shoham, Kraus et al., and Makinson. A selection function picks out from a given set of possible states (worlds, situations, models) a subset consisting of those states that are, in some sense, the most preferred ones. A proposition is anonmonotonic consequenceof a set of propositions iff holds in all the most preferred ‐states. In the literature on revealed preference theory, there are a number of well‐known theorems concerning the representability of selection functions, satisfying certain properties, in terms of underlying preference relations. Such theorems are utilised here to give corresponding representation theorems for nonmonotonic inference operations. At the end of the paper, the connection between nonmonotonic inference and belief revision, in the sense of Alchourrón, Gärdenfors, and Makinson, is explored. In this connection,infinitary belief revision operations,that allow for the revision of a theory with a possibly infinite set of propositions, are introduced and characterised axiomatically. Several semantic representation theorems are proved for operations of this kind.
Comparison of three PCR‐based methods to detect Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in long‐term frozen storage dried blood spots
Authors: Ta‐Tang Thuy‐Huong , Febrer‐Sendra Begoña , Berzosa Pedro , Rubio José Miguel , Romay‐Barja María , Ncogo Policarpo , Agudo Diego , Herrador Zaida , Fernández‐Soto Pedro , Muro Antonio , Benito Agustín 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesLoa loa and Mansonella perstans are two very common filarial species in Africa. Although microscopy is the traditional diagnostic method for human filariasis, several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have emerged as an alternative approach for identifying filarial parasites. The aim of this study is to compare three molecular methods and decide which is the most suitable for diagnosing human loiasis and mansonellosis in non‐endemic regions using dried blood spot (DBS) as a medium for sample collection and storage.MethodsA total of 100 DBS samples, with their corresponding thin and thick blood smears, were selected for this study. Microscopy was used as the reference method to diagnose and calculate the microfilaraemia. Filarial DNA was extracted using the saponin/Chelex method and the DNA isolated was assayed by Filaria‐real time‐PCR, filaria‐nested PCR, and cytochrome oxidase I PCR. All PCR products were subsequently purified and sequenced. The statistical values for each molecular test were calculated and compared.ResultsOverall, 64 samples were identified as negative by all tests and a further 36 samples were positive by at least one of the methods used. The sensitivity and specificity were similar for the different molecular methods, all of which demonstrated good agreement with microscopy.ConclusionsBased on this study, and from a practical point of view (single and short amplification round), the optimal technique for diagnosing filarial infection in non‐endemic regions is filaria‐real time‐PCR, which presents high sensitivity and specificity and is also able to detect a wide range of human filariae.
Frailty-adjusted therapy in Transplant Non-Eligible patients with newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (FiTNEss (UK-MRA Myeloma XIV Trial)): a study protocol for a randomised phase III trial
Authors: Coulson Amy Beth , Royle Kara-Louise , Pawlyn Charlotte , Cairns David A , Hockaday Anna , Bird Jennifer , Bowcock Stella , Kaiser Martin , de Tute Ruth , Rabin Neil , Boyd Kevin , Jones John , Parrish Christopher , Gardner Hayley , Meads David , Dawkins Bryony , Olivier Catherine , Henderson Rowena , Best Phillip , Owen Roger , Jenner Matthew , Kishore Bhuvan , Drayson Mark , Jackson Graham , Cook Gordon 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionMultiple myeloma is a bone marrow cancer, which predominantly affects older people. The incidence is increasing in an ageing population.Over the last 10 years, patient outcomes have improved. However, this is less apparent in older, less fit patients, who are ineligible for stem cell transplant. Research is required in this patient group, taking into account frailty and aiming to improve: treatment tolerability, clinical outcomes and quality of life.Methods and analysisFrailty-adjusted therapy in Transplant Non-Eligible patients with newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma is a national, phase III, multicentre, randomised controlled trial comparing standard (reactive) and frailty-adjusted (adaptive) induction therapy delivery with ixazomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IRD), and to compare maintenance lenalidomide to lenalidomide+ixazomib, in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma not suitable for stem cell transplant. Overall, 740 participants will be registered into the trial to allow 720 and 478 to be randomised at induction and maintenance, respectively.All participants will receive IRD induction with the dosing strategy randomised (1:1) at trial entry. Patients randomised to the standard, reactive arm will commence at the full dose followed by toxicity dependent reactive modifications. Patients randomised to the adaptive arm will commence at a dose level determined by their International Myeloma Working Group frailty score. Following 12 cycles of induction treatment, participants alive and progression free will undergo a second (double-blind) randomisation on a 1:1 basis to maintenance treatment with lenalidomide+placebo versus lenalidomide+ixazomib until disease progression or intolerance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the North East—Tyne & Wear South Research Ethics Committee (19/NE/0125) and capacity and capability confirmed by local research and development departments for each participating centre prior to opening to recruitment. Participants are required to provide written informed consent prior to trial registration. Trial results will be disseminated by conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN17973108, NCT03720041.
Protocol and clinical characteristics of patients under ‘at-home care’ for COVID-19 in South Korea: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Jin Ju , Seo Yu Bin , Lee Jacob , Na Sun Hee , Choi Young Kyun 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveAs the number of patients with COVID-19 increased, at-home care was introduced for the first time in South Korea. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics and outcomes of patients who were treated under at-home care.Design, setting and participantsThis retrospective cohort study targeted patients under at-home care for COVID-19 in Yeongdeungpo-gu in Seoul, Korea, from 18 October 2021 to 12 December 2021. The public health centre selected eligible patients for at-home care and registered with our institution. Nurses monitored patients, and doctors decided to transfer healthcare facilities and release the quarantined patients according to their symptoms.Outcome measuresPatient characteristics during the course of at-home care.ResultsA total of 1422 patients were enrolled and 9574 patient-days were managed. Most patients were aged ≥60 years (22.7% (n=323)), and 82.8% did not have underlying conditions. The median length of care for patients was 8 days (IQR: 5–10 days). During the study period, 986 (69.3%) patients were released from quarantine, 82 (5.8%) patients were transferred to facilities and 354 (24.9%) patients were still under at-home care at the end of the study period. The most common cause of transfer was sustained fever (n=30; 36.6%), followed by dyspnoea and desaturation (n=17; 20.7%). Factors associated with transfer were diabetes (OR: 3.591, 95% CI 1.488 to 8.665, p=0.004), pregnancy (OR: 5.839, 95% CI 1.035 to 32.935, p=0.046) and being presymptomatic at diagnosis (OR: 4.015, 95% CI 1.559 to 10.337, p=0.004).ConclusionsThere were no specific problems related to patient safety when operating at-home care. Patients with risk factors, such as diabetes, were more likely to be transferred to healthcare facilities. For safe at-home care, it is necessary to prepare for an appropriate response to the emergency.
Distinct realized physiologies in green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from barren and kelp habitats
Authors: Schuster Jasmin M. , Kurt Gamperl A. , Gagnon Patrick , Bates Amanda E. 
Published: June 2022

Overgrazing of habitat-forming kelps by sea urchins is reshaping reef seascapes in many temperate regions. Loss of kelp, in particular as a food source, may alter individual consumer physiology, which in turn may impair their ability to respond to climate warming. Here, we measured the temperature dependence of absolute and mass-independent oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) using two different exposure protocols (acute exposure and temperature “ramping”), as proxies of realized physiology, between green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from neighbouring barren and kelp habitats. Sea urchins from kelp habitats consumed 8%–78% more oxygen than sea urchins from barrens (across the range of temperatures tested (4–32 °C)) and had higher maximum [Formula: see text] values (by 26%). This was in part because kelp urchins typically had greater body masses. However, higher mass-independent [Formula: see text] values of kelp urchins suggest metabolic plasticity in response to habitat per se. In addition, the [Formula: see text] of sea urchins from kelp habitats was less sensitive to increases in temperature. We conclude that sea urchins from barren and kelp habitats of comparable body mass represent different energetic units. This highlights that habitat type can drive population-level variation that may shape urchins activities and environmental impact. Such variation should be integrated into energy-based models.
A Comparative Histomorphometric Analysis of Two Biomaterials for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical, Crossover, and Split-Mouth Study
Authors: Martiniano Carlos Ricardo de Queiroz , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Lins do Carmo Filho Jose Ronildo , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Leitão Lotif Mara Assef , Sotto-Maior Bruno Salles , Dantas Thereza Cristina Farias Botelho , Rodrigues Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha , Francischone Carlos Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Considering oral rehabilitation with dental implants, many studies have aimed at improving bone regeneration through the use of biomaterials. Objective. This study aimed at comparing bone neoformation in patients undergoing bilateral maxillary sinus surgery with two bovine biomaterials. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized, blinded, clinical crossover, and divided mouth study. Ten participants with an indication of maxillary sinus enlargement were selected and underwent surgical treatment with Bio-Oss® graft biomaterial (graft 1) on one side and Lumina-Porous® graft biomaterial (graft 2) on the other. The samples were collected after nine months and fixed and then decalcified in 10% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solution for 30 days to process and make histological slides. Connective and bone tissue were further analyzed to identify the amount of newly formed bone. Results. The graft 1 group had a greater formation of vital mineralized tissue when compared to the graft 2 group (

p

= 0.01). For nonvital mineralized tissue and amount of connective tissue, there was no statistical difference (

p

= 0.21 and

p

= 0.09, respectively). The medullary spaces were larger in the graft 2 group. The group treated with graft 1 presented a higher percentage of osteoclasts and viable osteocytes compared to the graft 2 group (

p

= 0.014 and

p

= 0.027, respectively). Conclusion. Every day, new alternative biomaterials are offered as an option in oral rehabilitation. In this study, both treatments induced bone neoformation after 9 months; however, the group treated with Bio-Oss® showed a higher percentage of vital mineralized bone tissue.
Packing a Punch against PD-L1
Authors: Capparelli Claudia , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have made major advances in cancer therapy, but their use can be limited by immune-related adverse effects. The introduction of small-molecule immune-checkpoint inhibitors represents an alternative to improve the current antibody-based immune therapies.
See related article by Koblish et al., p. 1482 (3).
REFLECTions on Combination Therapies Empowered by Data Sharing
Authors: Pugh Trevor J. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Li and colleagues present REFLECT, a computational approach to precision oncology that nominates effective drug combinations by utilizing a diverse compendium of publicly available preclinical and clinical genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The preliminary validation of the REFLECT system in preclinical and clinical trial settings showcases potential for clinical implementation, although challenges remain.
See related article by Li et al., p. 1542 (4).