bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Air Field Emission Devices – Nano Electrode Geometries Comparison of Performance and Stability
Authors: Nirantar Shruti , Patil Basanagounda , Tripathi Durgesh C. , Sethu Nilamani , Narayanan Ramakrishnan V. , Tian Jie , Bhaskaran Madhu , Walia Sumeet , Sriram Sharath 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAir‐channel devices have a special advantage due to the promise of vacuum‐like ballistic transport in air, radiation insensitivity, and nanoscale size. Here, achieving high current at low voltage along with considerable mechanical stability is a primary issue. The comparative analysis of four planar and metallic electrode‐pair geometries at 10 nm channel length is presented. The impact of nano‐electrode‐pair geometries on overall device performance is investigated. Air‐channel devices are operated at the ultra‐low voltage of 5 mV to demonstrate the device dynamics of air‐channel devices at low power. Investigations focus on the direct tunneling (DT) mechanism which is dominant in the low‐voltage regime. Comparative analysis of different electrode‐pair geometries reveals two orders of magnitude increment in the current just by modulating the electrode‐pair structure. Theoretical analysis suggests that the emission current is directly related to the active junction area within the metal‐air‐metal interface at the direct tunneling regime. The geometry‐dependent mechanical stability of different electrode pairs is compared by imaging biasing triggered nanoscale structural changes and pulsed biasing stress analysis. The results and claims are confirmed and consolidated with the statistical analysis. Experimental investigations provide strong directions for high‐performance and stable devices. In‐depth theoretical discussions will enable the accurate modeling of emerging low‐power, high‐speed, radiation‐hardened nanoscale vacuum electronics.
Characterizing conceptual understanding during design‐based learning: Analyzing students' design talk and drawings using the chemical thinking framework
Authors: Stammes Hanna , Henze Ineke , Barendsen Erik , de Vries Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDesign‐based learning is considered a powerful way to help students apply and develop understanding of science concepts, but research has shown that the success of this approach is not a given. Examining students' understanding of science concepts in various design‐based learning contexts has thus continued to be an important field of research. To help advance such work, we explored the affordances of a novel analytic approach for studying data gathered in design‐based learning classrooms. We used the “chemical thinking framework,” specifically its “conceptual sophistication” dimension, to analyze 10th‐grade, chemistry students' design talk and drawings. We gathered this data during small‐group design planning and drawing activities in the classrooms of two teachers whose students were designing a product that harnesses chemical energy to change the temperature of a beverage or snack. The findings demonstrate that this analytic approach was able to reveal that students (implicitly) drew on their understanding of several chemistry concepts while designing. Moreover, it showed that students could use everyday as well as more sophisticated understandings regarding a given chemistry concept while designing. This study furthermore unveiled differences in what and how students' design talk and drawings may reveal use of conceptual understanding, and it showed that different student teams may use a unique combination of understandings during design planning and drawing. We describe how this study's analytic approach complements existing approaches in design‐based learning research, and how our findings provide implications for research and practice.
The spider web: Defense strategy for emerging market enterprises
Authors: Shah Abdul Qadir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article synthesizes literature‐based anecdotal evidence and showcases a comprehensive defense strategy, the spider web strategy, for emerging market enterprises against developed market's multinational enterprises in the emerging market space. Just like the spider web, the spider web strategy delineates how local firms can defeat entering multinationals using local reality and gambits. The local firms can also cocoon critical resources, expertise, and processes. That will help them not only in winning in the local markets but also in their internationalization processes.
Animal models for epileptic foci localization, seizure detection, and prediction by electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhu Wenjing , Liang Guohua , Xu Jiaming , Guo Jie , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurgical resection of lesions and closed‐loop suppression are the two main treatment options for patients with refractory epilepsy whose symptoms cannot be managed with medicines. Unfortunately, failures in foci localization and seizure prediction are constraining these treatments. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), sensitive to impedance changes caused by blood flow or cell swelling, is a potential new way to locate epileptic foci and predict seizures. Animal validation is a necessary research process before EIT can be used in clinical practice, but it is unclear which among the many animal epilepsy models is most suited to this task. The selection of an animal model of epilepsy that is similar to human seizures and can be adapted to EIT is important for the accuracy and reliability of EIT research results. This study provides an overview of the animal models of epilepsy that have been used in research on the use of EIT to locate the foci or predict seizures; discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these models regarding inducement by chemical convulsant and electrical stimulation; and finally proposes optimal animal models of epilepsy to obtain more convincing research results for foci localization and seizure prediction by EIT. The ultimate goal of this study is to facilitate the development of new treatments for patients with refractory epilepsy.This article is categorized under:
Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Applications of AM
Authors: Godec Damir , Breški Tomislav , Katalenić Miodrag , Nordin Axel , Diegel Olaf , Kristav Per , Motte Damien , Tavčar Jože 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, three strategic domains of Additive Manufacturing application are presented: tool making, medicine and transportation, with main benefits and results obtained by application of AM. Chapter presents some of on-going or already finished project from mentioned AM application fields.
Medial pivot-based total knee arthroplasty achieves better clinical outcomes than posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kato Michitaka , Warashina Hideki , Mitamura Shingo , Kataoka Akito 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Stability in the sagittal plane, particularly regarding anterior cruciate ligament compensation, and postoperative functionality and satisfaction remain issues in total knee arthroplasty. Therefore, this prospective study compared the clinical outcomes between medial-pivot-based and posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty based on anterior translation and clinical scores.

Methods
To assess outcomes of total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis, the anterior translation distance of the tibia relative to the femur was measured at 30 and 60° of flexion using a KS measure Arthrometer at 6 months postoperatively. The 2011 Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, visual analogue scale for pain, and range of motion were assessed at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. The correlations among each score, anterior translation distance, range of motion, and visual analogue scale score for pain were investigated.

Results
The medial-pivot and posterior-stabilised groups comprised 70 and 51 patients, respectively. The medial-pivot group exhibited a significantly shorter anterior translation distance at 60° flexion than the posterior-stabilised group. Furthermore, the medial-pivot group achieved significantly better outcomes regarding the visual analogue scale for pain, 2011 Knee Society Score, and Forgotten Joint Score than the posterior-stabilised group. A significant negative correlation was observed between the anterior translation distance and the function score of the 2011 Knee Society Score, whereas a significant positive correlation was found between the anterior translation distance and flexion angle, and between the extension angle and score of the Forgotten Joint Score or 2011 Knee Society Score. Significant negative correlations were also found between the pain visual analogue scale and both the 2011 Knee Society Score and Forgotten Joint Score.

Conclusion
In total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis, the medial-pivot group displayed a shorter anterior translation distance than the posterior-stabilised group at 6 months postoperatively. The visual analogue scale score for pain was also significantly lower in the medial-pivot group than that in the posterior-stabilised group at both 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Because a correlation was observed between the anterior translation distance and the function score, medial-pivot-based total knee arthroplasty was considered to significantly improve postoperative function compared to posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty.
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma in Finland from 2005 to 2014: outcome remains poor after major changes in treatment
Authors: Keski-Säntti Harri , Luukkaa Marjaana , Carpén Timo , Jouppila-Mättö Anna , Lehtiö Kaisa , Mäenpää Hanna , Vuolukka Kristiina , Vahlberg Tero , Mäkitie Antti 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) is typically diagnosed at late stages, the patients tend to have serious co-morbidities, distant relapses are frequent, and the related mortality remains high. The treatment paradigm of HPC has remarkably changed from primary surgical approach toward definitive, platinum-based concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Our aim was to analyze the HPC treatment approaches and outcome in a nationwide series and to make a comparison with a previously published corresponding nationwide patient cohort from the period 1990–1999.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with HPC at the five university hospitals in Finland between 2005 and 2014.

Results
The cohort comprised 231 patients. Treatment with curative intent was offered for 175 (76%) patients and consisted of definitive radiotherapy (RT) or CRT in 156 (89%) patients, while 20 (11%) patients had primary surgery with or without adjuvant RT or CRT. The 5-year estimates for overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) for the whole study group were 22.7% and 36.5%, respectively. For patients treated with curative intent, the 5-year estimates for OS and DSS were 29.4% and 44.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
The treatment approach of HPC in Finland has changed thoroughly, as in the 1990s, 63% of HPC patients with curative treatment intent underwent primary surgery with or without RT, while in the current study, the primary treatment approach was non-surgical in 89% of the patients. However, the survival figures have not changed and remain dismal, but most of the few surviving patients now can retain their larynx.
Long-term outcome and cancer incidence after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Ettengruber A. , Epple J. , Schmitz-Rixen Th. , Böckler D. , Grundmann R. T. ,   DIGG gGmbH
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The influence of cancer development on long-term outcome after elective endovascular (EVAR) vs. open repair (OAR) of non-ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was investigated.

Methods
Patient survival and cancer incidence were recorded for 18,802 patients registered with the AOK health insurance company in Germany who underwent EVAR (n = 14,218) and OAR (n = 4584) in the years 2010 to 2016 (men n = 16,086, women n = 2716). All patients were preoperatively and in their history cancer-free.

Results
30.1% of EVAR and 27.6% of OAR patients (p ≤ .001) developed cancer after a follow-up period of up to 9 years (Kaplan–Meier estimated). Patients with cancer had a significantly less favorable outcome compared to patients with no cancer (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.59–1.78, p < .001). After 9 years, the estimated survival of patients with and without cancer was 27.0% and 55.4%, respectively (p < .001). Survival of men and women did not differ significantly (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, p = .061). In the Cox regression analysis (adjusted outcomes by operative approach, gender, age, and comorbidities), the postoperative cancer incidence was not significantly different between EVAR and OAR (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.18, p = .051). However, EVAR showed an increased risk of postoperative development of abdominal cancer (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07–1.35, p = .002). 48.0% of all EVAR patients and 53.4% of all OAR patients survived in the follow-up period of up to 9 years. This difference was not significant (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.91–1.02, p = .219).

Conclusion
Cancer significantly worsened the long-term outcome after EVAR and OAR, without significant differences between the two repair methods in the overall cancer incidence. However, the higher abdominal cancer incidence with EVAR can affect quality of life including oncological therapy and therefore should be considered when determining the indication for surgery, and the patient should be informed about it.
Mineral Raw Material Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability: Does Provenance Matter in the Supply Chain?
Authors: Dietrich Valentina , Melcher Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRaw material supply chains are complex systems. They build on the presence of economically mineable mineral commodities that will undergo several steps until they are finally being used as consumer products. Trustworthiness into the transparency of a supply chain is of increasing importance, both to upstream and downstream companies. Any deviation from best-practice and quality standards in mining, processing and production is critically looked at by consumers. Therefore, certification systems and proof of origin concepts have emerged within the past years, aiming at providing transparency to supply chains. The analytical proof of origin for mineral raw materials could be beneficial to certification schemes in several ways. It represents the least corruptible method of provenance analysis as it relates directly to the chemical composition of the raw material. Other methods, such as documents, tracers, or barcodes, can be outmanoeuvred in one way or another.
Towards improved global estimates and model representations of water storage in the unsaturated zone
Authors: Bunting S. Y. , Ascott M. J. , Gooddy D. C. , Bloomfield J. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe unsaturated zone is a globally important, dynamic water store, which affects water resources, agriculture and pollutant transport. Despite this, the magnitude of unsaturated zone water storage remains highly uncertain. This work provides the first global estimates of the magnitude of this store (1.0 x105 km3) in comparison to recent estimates of global modern groundwater (3.5x105 km3), before presenting a roadmap for improved representation of the unsaturated zone in global hydrological models.
Anreize zum Energiesparen als oberste Priorität
Authors: Übelmesser Silke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the distributional consequences of high inflation rates, measures are needed that target those most in need without distorting prices. The function of the price as scarcity signal is important to encourage energy saving. Direct price subsidies such as the fuel price rebate, on the contrary, are not helpful. In the medium term, supply-side measures are needed to overcome the bottlenecks in the supply chains. Other challenges, the impact of demographic change in particular, make this even more urgent. Sound public finances lead to greater resilience. Planning to reintroduce the debt brake is reasonable as the current distributional issues need to be solved within the current generation and not shifted to future ones.
Do commodity assets hedge uncertainties? What we learn from the recent turbulence period?
Authors: Hasan Md. Bokhtiar , Hossain Md. Naiem , Junttila Juha , Uddin Gazi Salah , Rabbani Mustafa Raza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study analyses the impact of different uncertainties on commodity markets to assess commodity markets' hedging or safe-haven properties. Using time-varying dynamic conditional correlation and wavelet-based Quantile-on-Quantile regression models, our findings show that, both before and during the COVID-19 crisis, soybeans and clean energy stocks offer strong safe-haven opportunities against cryptocurrency price uncertainty and geopolitical risks (GPR). Soybean markets weakly hedge cryptocurrency policy uncertainty, US economic policy uncertainty, and crude oil volatility. In addition, GSCI commodity and crude oil also offer a weak safe-haven property against cryptocurrency uncertainties and GPR. Consistent with earlier studies, our findings indicate that safe-haven traits can alter across frequencies and quantiles. Our findings have significant implications for investors and regulators in hedging and making proper decisions, respectively, under diverse uncertain circumstances.
Backyard buzz: human population density modifies the value of vegetation cover for insect pollinators in a subtropical city
Authors: Persson Anna S. , Westman Amy , Smith Tobias J. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Olsson Peter , Smith Henrik G. , Fuller Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrbanisation drives overall declines in insect pollinators. Although urban green spaces can provide suitable habitat for pollinators much remains to be learned about how urban landscapes either promote or negatively impact pollinators. We investigated how backyard design, local (100 m) and landscape (500 m) scale vegetation cover and human population density were associated with non-eusocial native bee species, eusocial bees (Apis melliferaandTetragonula spp.), and hoverflies, in residential green spaces of the subtropical city Brisbane, Australia. We found that associations between bee abundance and vegetation cover were moderated by human density, but the direction of this effect differed for non-eusocial and eusocial species. Non-eusocial bee abundance was positively associated with tree cover at local and landscape scales when human densities were low, but negatively so at high human population densities. We suggest this may be because the quality of vegetation for non-eusocial bees deteriorates as human density increases. In contrast, abundance of eusocial bees was negatively associated with increasing local cover of grass and shrubs at low levels of human density, but positively associated at high densities. This affinity to humans could partly be explained by domesticated “kept” hives. We found no effect of urban gradients on bee species richness. Hoverfly abundance was negatively related to human density and positively related to vegetation cover at local and landscape scales. At the backyard scale, both bee species richness and bee and hoverfly abundances were positively associated to flower abundance. Backyards with more vegetation cover had higher densities of non-eusocial bees. Our results thus support the idea that urban greening in densely populated areas at multiple spatial scales can benefit a range of insect pollinators.
Combination of Peglated-H1/HGFK1 Nanoparticles and TAE in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Dazhi , Xu Xiangxian , Liu Ling , Liu Li , Zhang Xiang , Liang Xianxian , Cen Lanqi , Liu Qian , Yuan Xiaoli , Yu Zhenghong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransarterial embolization (TAE) constitutes the gold standard for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The effect of combination of TAE and peglated-H1/HGFK1 nanoparticles was explored on hepatocellular carcinoma. MTT and Annexin V-FITC were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis of HepG2, ml-1, LO2, and VX2 cells after the treatment of HGFK1. Next, the orthotopic rabbit was selected to establish the in situ models of VX2 hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoparticles were synthesized with peglated-PH1 and used to deliver HGFK1 overexpressing plasmids. MRI was performed to monitor tumor volume after being treated with TAE. The protein expression levels of CD31, CD90, and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry. H&E and TUNEL staining were used to determine the necrosis and apoptosis in vivo. HGFK1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of HepG2 and ml-1 cells (P < 0.05). MRI on 14 days after modeling suggested that the tumor showed ring enhancement. MRI on 7 days and 14 days after interventional therapy showed that tumor volume was significantly inhibited after the treatment with TAE and HGFK1 (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical results 7 days after interventional therapy indicated that the expressions of CD31, CD90, and Ki67 were significantly lower after treatment with TAE and HGFK1 (P < 0.05). TAE and HGFK1 all extended the survival period of rabbits (P < 0.05). PH1/HGFK1 nanoparticle is an innovative and effective embolic agent, which could limit angiogenesis post-TAE treatment. The combination of TAE with PH1/HGFK1 is a promising strategy and might alter the way that surgeons manage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
RNY3 modulates cell proliferation and IL13 mRNA levels in a T lymphocyte model: a possible new epigenetic mechanism of IL-13 regulation
Authors: Estravís Miguel , García-Sánchez Asunción , Martin Maria J. , Pérez-Pazos Jacqueline , Isidoro-García María , Dávila Ignacio , Sanz Catalina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Allergic asthma is the most common type of asthma. It is characterized by TH2 cell–driven inflammation in which interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a pivotal role. Cytoplasmic RNAs (Y-RNAs), a variety of non-coding RNAs that are dysregulated in many cancer types, are also differentially expressed in patients with allergic asthma. Their function in the development of the disease is still unknown. We investigated the potential role of RNY3 RNA (hY3) in the TH2 cell inflammatory response using the Jurkat cell line as a model. hY3 expression levels were modulated to mimic the upregulation effect in allergic disease. We evaluated the effect of hY3 over cell stimulation and the expression of the TH2 cytokine IL13. Total RNA was isolated and retrotranscribed, and RNA levels were assessed by qPCR. In Jurkat cells, hY3 levels increased upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. When transfecting with high levels of hY3 mimic molecules, cell proliferation rate decreased while IL13 mRNA levels increased upon stimulation compared to stimulated control cells. Our results show the effect of increased hY3 levels on cell proliferation and the levels of IL13 mRNA in Jurkat cells. Also, we showed that hY3 could act over other cells via exosomes. This study opens up new ways to study the potential regulatory function of hY3 over IL-13 production and its implications for asthma development.