bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in the Middle Part of the Danube Flow in Serbia
Authors: Salvai Andrea , Grabic Jasna , Josimov-Dundjerski Jasmina , Zemunac Rados , Antonic Nenad , Savic Radovan , Blagojevic Bosko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Danube River plays significant role not only for preserving natural ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to examine the Middle Danube water quality in the part flowing through Serbia in section Bezdan -Banatska Palanka. Water quality data were examined for seven control points for period 2004-2018, for seven parameters: suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrates (NO3
–-N), total phosphorus (Ptot), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Data analyses included the application of ANOVA, linear regression analysis and Mann-Kendall trend test. The Mann-Kendall tests in most (32/49) cases, i.e. in 65 %, confirmed the non-existence of a significant trend. Significant downward trends were confirmed in 17 cases. Water quality improvement was confirmed at following control points: Bezdan for NO3
–-N, Ptot and BOD5; Bogojevo for NO3
–-N, Ptot, COD and BOD5; Novi Sad for Ptot, BOD5 and COD; Slankamen for BOD5 and COD; Smederevo for NO3
–-N and COD; Banatska Palanka for NO3
–-N. Slight deterioration of water quality was confirmed only in two cases, at the Zemun and Smederevo where DO was decreasing. Water quality for the examined period was stable and can be characterised as excellent and/or very good (class I or class II). Results emphasise fact that water quality trends monitoring reveals river sectors where the process of water quality degradation is ongoing. Timely detected critical river sectors can draw the attention of decision-makers, who can improve the existing legislation that would lead to water quality improvement.
Role of Nitrate Reductase and Nitrite Reductase in NaCl Tolerance in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)
Authors: Lv Xinfang , Wang Xinlei , Pan Jie , Deng Wenhao , Li Yuchun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) play important roles in nitrate assimilation in plants. Previous studies have indicated that NR and NiR in eelgrass may contribute to its NaCl tolerance. This study investigated the expression characteristics and the biological functions of NR and NiR in eelgrass (Zostera marina), named as ZmNR and ZmNiR, were cloned, characterised and overexpressed in both bacteria and tobacco. The open reading frames of ZmNR and ZmNiR contain 2628 and 1773 nucleotides that encode 875 and 590 amino acids respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that the purported ZmNR and ZmNiR proteins presented low homology with other plant NR and NiR sequences. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of ZmNR and ZmNiR was supressed when exposed to low salinity and induced by high salinity. Further physiological analyses demonstrated that blocking nitrate assimilation by adding Na2WO4 in eelgrass reduced its tolerance to NaCl stress. The heterologous expression of the ZmNR and ZmNiR genes in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana could confer tolerance to NaCl stress. Physiological and growth analyses suggested that ZmNR and ZmNiR in plants could resist NaCl stress by regulating various physiological pathways and biochemical processes triggered by nitric oxide (NO). Taken together, these results suggested that NR-dependent NO synthesis may play an important role in NaCl tolerance in eelgrass.
Digital twin technology — awareness, implementation problems and benefits
Authors: Gulewicz Małgorzata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aiming to ensure current market needs, manufacturing companies search for tools and methodologies that would help them deliver their products efficiently and cost-effectively and enable them to become a part of Industry 4.0. Digital twins are a technology created based on the idea of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The solution helps recreate physical devices in virtual space based on gathered data. It supports performance tests, configuration changes, and predictive maintenance without engaging existing machines. The paper aims to gain knowledge about the awareness level of the digital twin technology among industry representatives and identify the most important problems that stand in the way of implementing the technology in enterprises. The research focused on market awareness of the described technology. It also examined how companies use employee suggestions to improve their organisations and the factors that influence process efficiency. The methods used for the research were a literature review and cross-sectional survey conducted with 50 employees of manufacturing and IT companies. The research showed the need to implement digital twins in enterprises. Half of the survey respondents replied that the technology would help improve the efficiency of the company’s processes. The main benefit of the conducted research is identified awareness of the technology among industry representatives. In the future, the research will be extended to include the analysis of specific cases affecting the implementation of digital twins in enterprises.
Antioxidative Effects of Rosuvastatin in Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk Subjects
Authors: Vavlukis Ana , Vavlukis Marija , Mladenovska Kristina , Dimovski Aleksandar , Muñoz-García Natàlia , de Santisteban Villaplana Victoria , Padro Teresa , Badimon Lina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Although vast clinical evidence supports the oxidative CVD hypothesis, little is known on the effects of statins on LDL/HDL oxidative functionality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of rosuvastatin by monitoring the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and the antioxidative HDL potential in low-to-moderate CV risk subjects.

Methods: 40 adult ambulatory patients (aged 53.8±10.9 years, 27 women and 13 men) were included in the study. Data was collected from patients’ records, physical examination, and blood sampling. Subjects were prescribed rosuvastatin at 20mg/day. Traditional risk-factors/indicators, lipid parameters, inflammatory/immune markers, LDL susceptibility to oxidation and HDL antioxidative potential were monitored and statistically analyzed with t-test, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were made. Results were considered significant when p≤0.05.

Results: 67% of the patients showed lower susceptibility of LDL to oxidation after rosuvastatin treatment (p=0.03), with no significant effect on baseline LDL oxidation and lag time. All three LDL oxidative indices were seen to be dependent on the subjects’ lipid profile, hemoglobin levels and the IL-1α and IL-8 pro-inflammatory marker levels. 53% of the patients showed higher HDL antioxidative capacity after treatment, but without statistical significance (p=0.07). Increased antioxidative potential of HDL with rosuvastatin treatment was more likely in males (OR=9.350; p=0.010), and subjects achieving lower post-treatment CV relative risk levels (higher CV risk reduction) (OR=0.338; p=0.027).

Conclusions: This study suggests the need of a comprehensive approach when investigating oxidative stress and LDL/HDL functions, especially in low-to-moderate CVD risk subjects.
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Ristovska Sanja , Stomnaroska Orhideja , Danilovski Dragan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic syndrome (HIS) and Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are conditions that affect term and premature babies, with different pathophysiology and different brain disorders. HIE appears in 1-6 / 1000 live births and 26/1000 live births in developing countries. 15-20% die in the early neonatal period, while surviving babies have severe neurological impairment, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, visual and hearing impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual, behavioural, and social disorders. The hypoxic-ischemic event occurs before, during or after birth. The reasons may be related to the mother, the way of birth, the placenta, and the newborn. The criteria for diagnosis of HIE include a combination of perinatal factors, the need for resuscitation, standard neurological examinations, neurophysiological monitoring, neuroimaging methods and biochemical markers. The most effective treatment for HIE is hypothermia in combination with pharmacological therapy. HIE and HIS are problem that still persist in developing countries due to inadequate obstetric care, neonatal resuscitation, and hypothermia. Current and emerging research for HIE examines new markers for early recognition, treatment, and appropriate neuroprotection of high-risk term and premature infants.
Can Medical Students Learn and Perform POCUS in the Pediatric Emergency Department? Implementation of a Short Curriculum
Authors: Cooper Michael C. , Jones Jodi , Pascual Mandy , Field Steven , Rendon Juan M. , Kulstad Christine , Dixon Bryant , Pham Tu Kristie , Narayan Aman , Pyle Hunter , Hoang Khiem , Han Anthony , Bahga Dalbir , Pandey Aman , Roppolo Lynn 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To determine medical student ability to accurately obtain and interpret POCUS exams of varying difficulty in the pediatric population after a short didactic and hands-on POCUS course. Methods: Five medical students were trained in four POCUS applications (bladder volume, long bone for fracture, limited cardiac for left ventricular function, & inferior vena cava collapsibility) and enrolled pediatric ED patients. Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians reviewed each scan for image quality and interpretation accuracy using the American College of Emergency Physicians’ quality assessment scale. We report acceptable scan frequency and medical student vs. Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physician interpretation agreement with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 51/53 bladder volume scans as acceptable (96.2%; 95% CI 87.3-99.0%) and agreed with 50/53 bladder volume calculations (94.3%; 95% CI 88.1-100%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 35/37 long bone scans as acceptable (94.6%; 95% CI 82.3-98.5%) and agreed with 32/37 medical student long bone scan interpretations (86.5%; 95% CI 72.0-94.1%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 116/120 cardiac scans as acceptable (96.7%; 95% CI 91.7-98.7%) and agreed with 111/120 medical student left ventricular function interpretations (92.5%; 95% CI 86.4-96.0%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 99/117 inferior vena cava scans as acceptable (84.6%; 95% CI 77.0-90.0%) and agreed with 101/117 medical student interpretations of inferior vena cava collapsibility (86.3%; 95% CI 78.9-91.4%). Conclusions: Medical students demonstrated satisfactory ability within a short period of time in a range of POCUS scans on pediatric patients after a novel curriculum. This supports the incorporation of a formal POCUS education into medical school curricula and suggests that novice POCUS learners can attain a measure of competency in multiple applications after a short training course.
THE EFFECT OF MODERNIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM AND TAX KNOWLEDGE ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE
Authors: Mardiana Ana , Lukman Lukman , Holly Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di KPP Pratama Makassar Utara, (2) pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di KPP Pratama Makassar Utara.
Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner (primer) yang dibagikan kepada wajib pajak di KPP Pratama Makassar Utara. Sampel diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 97 responden. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa e-SPT berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak yang berarti semakin tinggi penerapan e-SPT maka semakin tinggi kepatuhan wajib pajak. E-Faktur mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak yang berarti semakin tinggi penerapan e-faktur maka semakin tinggi kepatuhan wajib pajak serta pengetahuan perpajakan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak yang berarti semakin tinggi pengetahuan perpajakan maka semakin tinggi kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Molar extraction alters gastric mucosa and ghrelin expression in rat stomach: A preliminary study
Authors: Shams Shahriar Mohd , Watari Ippei , Saito Eri , Ono Takashi 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Ghrelin is a key regulator of food intake and is considered a hunger hormone that affects cognition, memory, glucose metabolism, and antidepressant effects. Altered occlusion, such as a loss of molars, has been thought to retard digestive function. However, the association between occlusion and digestive function remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of bilateral maxillary molar extraction on the gastrointestinal mucosa of growing rats and the expression of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR).

Material and Methods:
Twenty-four male 5-week-old Wistar rats were divided into control (CON) and experimental (EXP) groups (n = 12/group). The rats in the EXP group underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first, second, and third molars under general anesthesia. Rats in the CON group underwent a sham operation. All rats in both the CON and EXP groups were fed a powder diet and water ad libitum. The body weight of all rats was monitored throughout the EXP period. Rats in both the CON and EXP groups were euthanized on days 14 and 28, and the stomachs were isolated and subjected to histological analysis. Paraffin serial sections were prepared using a microtome for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining using anti-ghrelin and anti-GHSR antibodies. The distribution and expression of ghrelin-immunopositive and GHSR cells were detected and observed under a light microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests (P < 0.05).

Results:
There were no significant differences in body weight between the CON and EXP groups throughout the EXP period. Histological analysis showed that the area of the submucosa (ASM), and the number of ghrelinimmunopositive cells were significantly decreased in the EXP group compared with the CON group on day 14. Alternatively, there was no significant difference in the ASM and the number of ghrelin-immunopositive cells between the CON and EXP groups on day 28, whereas the number of ghrelin receptors showed no differences across groups. Furthermore, the number of eosinophilic blood cells significantly increased in the EXP group on days 14 and 28.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that bilateral maxillary molar extraction may trigger stomach mucosal changes and alter digestive function through ghrelin expression in rats. This is the first report that occlusal deficiency could alter ghrelin expression in the mucosa of the rat stomach, thus raising concerns about the consequential role of ghrelin.
Primary spinal cord glioblastoma: A rare cause of paraplegia
Authors: Alharbi Bashaer , Alammar Hajar , Alkhaibary Ali , Alharbi Ahoud , Khairy Sami , Alassiri Ali H. , AlSufiani Fahd , Aloraidi Ahmed , Alkhani Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Background:Primary spinal glioblastomas are extremely rare neoplasms and account for only 0.2% of glioblastoma cases. Due to the rare incidence of spinal cord glioblastoma in the literature, its natural history/ outcome remains undetermined. The present article describes the clinical presentation, radiological/pathological characteristics, and outcome of the primary spinal cord glioblastoma.Case Description:Two young patients initially presented with paresis that rapidly progressed to paraplegia. Nondermatomal sensory deficits were also noted, mainly affecting the lower limbs. Neuroradiological imaging revealed an extensive intramedullary spinal cord lesion, with no evidence of concurrent intracranial space-occupying lesions. Thoracic laminectomy, followed by tumor debulking and/or biopsy, was performed. The histomorphology was suggestive of glioblastoma, the World Health Organization grade 4 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-wild type). They were discharged in stable condition and were started on chemoradiotherapy, with clinicoradiological follow-up. One patient passed away after 9 months of initial presentation. The other patient was alive at 6-month follow-up.Conclusion:Primary spinal glioblastoma is a rare and challenging tumor. Patients commonly present with a progressive paresis, resulting in paraplegia, regardless of the surgical resection extent, and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, primary spinal cord glioblastoma should be considered in patients reporting a rapid lower limb weakness with neuroradiological evidence of extensive, exophytic intramedullary lesion of the spine. A biopsy-proven histopathological diagnosis is of indisputable importance to establish the final diagnosis and plan treatment options.
Nilai Tradisi Karapan Kerbau Masyarakat Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat Sebagai Penguatan Nilai Karakter Masyarakat
Authors: Yuliana Fitria , Salamah Salamah 
Published: April 2022

<span lang="IN">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) </span><span lang="id">tradisi karapan kerbau pada masyarakat Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat</span><span lang="IN">; 2) </span><span lang="id">nilai tradisi karapan kerbau pada masyarakat Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat</span><span lang="IN">; 3) </span><span lang="id">penguatan nilai karakter masyarakat dari nilai tradisi karapan kerbau pada masyarakat Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat<em>.</em> </span><span lang="id"> </span><span lang="id">Metode penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat mengenai tradisi Karapan Kerbau. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif yang terdiri dari tiga alur yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil peneitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tradisi karapan kerbau merupakan sebuah tradisi masyarakat agraris Sumbawa Barat yang dilaksanakan pada saat awal musim tanam. Tradisi ini dilaksanakan dalam lokasi persawahan berlumpur yang telah digenangi oleh air. Nilai-nilai dalam tradisi karapan kerbau, jika dilihat dari segi sosial tradisi ini dijadikan sebagai sarana silaturahmi dalam artian puncak-puncak sosiokultural antara agama dan masyarakat ini ada dalam pelaksanaan tradisi karapan kerbau. Dalam proses pelaksanaan tradisi karapan kerbau terdapat nilai-nilai yang dapat dijadikan sebagai penguatan nilai karakter masyarakat yaitu nilai kerja sama, nilai sportifitas, nilai budaya, nilai ekonomi, nilai pendidikan, nilai tolong-menolong, nilai saling menghargai, nilai kejujuran dan saling percaya, nilai estetik, nilai sosiokultural, nilai luhur kebersamaan dan kekerabatan, nilai luhur kedermawanaan, nilai mengayomi, nilai religius, nilai tanggung jawab, nilai cinta damai, nilai peduli sosial, nilai toleransi.</span>
Kesenian Gajah-gajahan di Kaponan Mlarak Ponorogo (Studi nilai budaya dan potensinya sebagai sumber pembelajaran IPS SD)
Authors: Rukun R , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam kesenian gajah-gajahan di Desa Kaponan Kecamatan Mlarak Kabupaten Ponorogo dan potensinya sebagai sumber pembelajaran IPS SD. Kesenian gajah-gajahan merupakan kesenian tradisional yang lahir di Ponorogo yang memiliki tokoh utama yaitu tiruan binatang gajah yang dibuat menyerupai binatang aslinya, dipikul oleh dua orang untuk dapat menggerakkannya, dan diiringi oleh musik hadroh dengan tema islami. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data primer. Data primer diperoleh dari informan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penetapan informan atau sampel berdasarkan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis penelitian kualitatif model Miles &amp; Huberman. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada Bulan Desember 2018-Januari 2020 di Desa Kaponan Kecamatan Mlarak Ponorogo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesenian gajah-gajahan memiliki nilai religius, silaturohim, sosial ekonomi, gotong royong, kekeluargaan, kerja sama, persatuan dan kesatuan, cinta tanah air dan bangsa, dan estetika. Kesenian gajah-gajahan di Desa Kaponan berpotensi untuk dijadikan sumber pembalajaran IPS SD kelas V KD 3.2 menganalisis bentu-bentuk interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembangunan sosial, budaya, ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia dan KD 4.2 menyajikan hasil analisis tentang interaski manusia dengan lingkungannya dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembangunan sosial, budaya, ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.
CURRENT TRENDS IN STRENGTHENING THE POSITION OF SMALL BUSINESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Толкаченко Галина Львовна , Албендов Рашад Мугабил оглы 
Published: April 2022

Цель статьи - рассмотреть тенденции укрепления позиции малого бизнеса в Российской Федерации. Малый бизнес во всем мире играет огромную роль в обеспечении населения товарами первой необходимости, а также в предоставлении рабочих мест, что обусловливает актуальность темы исследования. В статье рассмотрены меры поддержки малого бизнеса в связи с пандемией 2020 г. и тенденции развития малого бизнеса в 2021 г. Элемент научной новизны заключается в выявлении тенденций развития и некоторых особенностей господдержки малого бизнеса на современном этапе.
The purpose of the article is to consider trends in strengthening the position of small businesses in the Russian Federation. Small businesses around the world play a huge role in providing the population with basic goods, as well as in providing jobs, which allows us to say about the relevance of the proposed topic. The article considers measures to support small businesses in connection with the 2020 pandemic and the latest trends in the formation of small businesses in 2021. An element of scientific novelty is to identify some features of state support for small businesses at the present stage.
There May Be the Most Beautiful Scenery in the World, but There Is No Such Thing as the Best Translation: A Suitable Translation is the Best Translation
Authors: Gong Zhiming 
Published: April 2022

Translation is a vital activity with a lengthy history that touches every aspect of human life. Translation is a complex activity with rich connotations, and Chinese and Western scholars have long debated what is the “best translation.” This paper examines the translation theories of Lu Xun’s stiff translation, “Catford’s Translation Linguistics,” and “Qian Zhongshu’s Huajing” in order to discuss what kind of translation is acceptable in the setting of the times.