bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s understanding and consent to heart surgery: Multidisciplinary teamwork and moral experiences
Authors: Alderson Priscilla , Bellsham-Revell Hannah , Dedieu Nathalie , King Liz , Mendizabal Rosa , Sutcliffe Katy 
Published: September 2022

Mainstream law and ethics literature on consent to children’s surgery contrasts with moral experiences of children and adults observed in two heart surgery centres. Research interviews were conducted with 45 practitioners and related experts, and with 16 families of children aged 6 to 15, admitted for non-urgent surgery, as well as an online survey. Thematic data analysis was informed by critical realism and childhood studies. Impersonal adult-centric mainstream literature assumes young children cannot consent. It is based on dichotomies: adult/child, competent/incompetent, respect or protect children, inform or distract them, use time swiftly or flexibly, verbal/non-verbal communication, respect or control children and reason/emotion. Through their moral experiences, adults and children resolve these seeming dichotomies. Through understanding young children’s reasoning and emotions about complex distressing decisions related to heart surgery, adults share knowledge, control, trust and respect with them. They see children’s consent or refusal before non-urgent surgery as a shared personal moral experience within the child’s life course, beyond mere legal compliance. Adults help children to understand and ‘want’ the surgery that offers things they value: better health or to ‘be more like their friends’. If children are not convinced, sometimes surgery is postponed or occasionally cancelled.
Conservative Treatment in Two Patients With Spontaneous Hepatic Artery Dissection
Authors: Bang Jun Hyung , Choi Jung Bum , Lee Byoung Chul , Kim Dae Hwan , Jung Hyuk Jae 
Published: September 2022

Background Spontaneous dissection of the hepatic artery is a rare finding for which there is no specific treatment algorithm. Even though endovascular treatment and surgery have been used to treat other visceral artery dissections, these approaches can be challenging in the case of hepatic artery dissection because it is difficult to access the hepatic artery. Case summary 2 patients with spontaneous dissection of the hepatic artery were admitted due to epigastric pain. Although the liver function test results were normal, and there were no complications such as bleeding, shock, or ischemia in other organs, a subsequent computed tomography scan directly revealed the spontaneous dissection of the hepatic artery in both patients. The patients were treated with anticoagulants without surgery. Because it is difficult to perform surgery or endovascular treatment on the hepatic artery, we focused on preventing the progression of hepatic artery dissection and the formation of a new thrombus in the dissection. Conclusion Considering the risk of surgical treatment for the hepatic artery and the condition of the patients, medical treatment with anticoagulants may be considered as an initial treatment and provide more benefits than surgical treatment.
Looking after our menopausal workforce: A model for NHS staff
Authors: Rymer Janice , Holloway Debra , Bruce Deborah , Bowen Joan 
Published: September 2022

Objective To determine whether a staff menopause clinic would benefit our peri/postmenopausal hospital workforce. Methods The three menopause consultants, with OH administration assistance, set up a virtual clinic for staff members to address the unanswered need for access to good menopause care. Feedback was gathered from the attendees and the staff who ran the clinic. Results The clinic was an overwhelming success and has now become an established clinic at a major London teaching hospital. Conclusions We hope that this model can be used in other trusts, and other companies to provide good menopause care to our senior female workforce to retain them. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the OH staff who ensured the clinics ran so smoothly.
Hemivertebra Resection in Small Children. A Literature Review
Authors: Frank Sofía , Piantoni Lucas , Tello Carlos A , Remondino Rodrigo G , Galaretto Eduardo , Falconi Boris A , Noel Mariano A 
Published: September 2022

Study design Systematic review. Objective To evaluate the lowest possible age to resect an HV in very young patients with a congenital deformity. Methods We sought to retrieve all studies reporting age at HV excision in patients with congenital scoliosis. Studies written in English were included. No publication date restrictions were imposed. A search of the PubMed and LiLacs databases was conducted. Additionally, a hand search was performed to supplement the database search. Results We found 140 articles. Twenty two studies were included into the final assessment. There was considerable heterogeneity in the included studies, both regarding age and the surgical techniques used. There was also a broad spectrum of recommendations regarding suggested age for treatment. The youngest patient undergoing resection and fusion was 3 months of life at the time of surgery. Conclusion How young a patient could and should be submitted to HV resection surgery is still a matter of debate in the literature. Prophylactic surgery might be a proper treatment for young children with congenital scoliosis before malformation becomes a deformity, adding no additional neurological, vascular, or anesthesia-related complications. The defect can be treated early while the deformity is treated late.
Inside-Out Meniscal Repair: Still a Useful Technique
Authors: Tebourbi Anis , Triki Rami , Nefiss Mouadh , Bousrih Anis , Bouzidi Ramzi 
Published: September 2022

Background: New generation of all-inside meniscal repair devices are now the preferred repairing method for most orthopedic surgeons. The economic considerations in low-income countries make routine use of these devices very difficult. The inside-out technique described by Charles Henning in the 1980s, which is considered as the gold standard by many expert surgeons, can solve this problem with equal results. Indications: Indications are large and unstable tears localized in the middle and posterior thirds of both menisci. Surgical Technique: We introduced a slight modification to the original technique, allowing the use of a resorbable suture thread. After a good exposition of the lesion and debridement of the margins, a canulated needle with curved tip (Menghini needle) is introduced through the opposite portal to the repaired meniscus. The first passage of the needle is done on the peripheric side of the tear to protect neurovascular structures; posteromedial or posterolateral security approaches are made to control the capsular exit of the needle. A popliteal retractor is placed to keep the articular capsule exposed. A polydioxanone (PDS) suture thread is passed through the needle and retrieved by the assistant. The needle is then pulled out in the joint and reintroduced on the inner part of the tears producing a vertical mattress suture. The second limb of the PDS is retrieved by the assistant, and a knot is tied on the capsular side of the knee. Sutures are placed on the femoral and the tibial side of the meniscus to produce a good reduction and a stable fixation of the lesion. Full range of motion of the knee is allowed at 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: Between January 2017 and June 2020, 33 bucket-handle meniscal tears were repaired. Associated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was done in 17 cases. The average International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score jumped from 49.6 to 86.2. We had a short-term success rate of 91%. Recent literature review showed equivalent results with new all-inside repairing devices. Conclusion: Despite some disadvantages as being time-consuming, the need of security approaches, and the need of a trained assistant, inside-out meniscal repair remains a reliable technique offering good results.
Polynomial superlevel set representation of the multistationarity region of chemical reaction networks
Authors: Sadeghimanesh AmirHosein , England Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new representation for the multistationarity region of a reaction network, using polynomial superlevel sets. The advantages of using this polynomial superlevel set representation over the already existing representations (cylindrical algebraic decompositions, numeric sampling, rectangular divisions) is discussed, and algorithms to compute this new representation are provided. The results are given for the general mathematical formalism of a parametric system of equations and so may be applied to other application domains.
Liquid biopsy using ascitic fluid and pleural effusion supernatants for genomic profiling in gastrointestinal and lung cancers
Authors: Wu Huita , Ji Haonan , Yang Wenhui , Zhang Min , Guo Yifang , Li Bangkai , Wang Jiayin , Chen Rongrong , Chen Yuan , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Precision medicine highlights the importance of incorporating molecular genetic testing into standard clinical care. Next-generation sequencing can detect cancer-specific gene mutations, and molecular-targeted drugs can be designed to be effective for one or more specific gene mutations. For patients with special site metastases, it is particularly important to use appropriate samples for genetic profiling. This study aimed to determine whether genomic profiling using ASC and PE is effective in detecting genetic mutations.

Methods
Tissues, plasma, ascites (ASC) supernatants, and pleural effusion (PE) samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis and lung cancer patients with pleural metastasis were collected for comprehensive genomic profiling. The samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing using a panel of 59 or 1021 cancer-relevant genes panel.

Results
A total of 156 tissues, 188 plasma samples, 45 ASC supernatants, and 1 PE samples from 304 gastrointestinal cancer patients and 446 PE supernatants, 122 tissues, 389 plasma samples, and 45 PE sediments from 407 lung cancer patients were analyzed. The MSAF was significantly higher in ASC and PE supernatant than that in plasma ctDNA (50.00% vs. 3.00%, p < 0.0001 and 28.5% vs. 1.30%, p < 0.0001, respectively). The ASC supernatant had a higher actionable mutation rate and more actionable alterations than the plasma ctDNA in 26 paired samples. The PE supernatant had a higher total actionable mutation rate than plasma (80.3% vs. 48.4%, p < 0.05). The PE supernatant had a higher frequency of uncommon variations than the plasma regardless of distant organ metastasis.

Conclusion
ASC and PE supernatants could be better alternative samples when tumor tissues are not available, especially in patients with only peritoneal or pleural metastases.
Age-specific associations with dental caries in HIV-infected, exposed but uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in Nigeria
Authors: Akhigbe Paul , Chukwumah Nneka M. , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Divaris Kimon , Obuekwe Ozoemene , Omoigberale Augustine , Jedy-Agba Elima , Kim Michael , Charurat Manhattan E. , Richards Vincent P. , Coker Modupe O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV infection and its management confer a substantial health burden to affected individuals and have been associated with increased risk of oral and dental diseases. In this study, we sought to quantify HIV-associated differences in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition of 4–11-year-old Nigerian Children.

Methods
We used clinical, laboratory, demographic, and behavioral data obtained from an ongoing cohort study of age-matched HIV-infected (HI, n = 181), HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HEU, n = 177), and HIV-unexposed-and-uninfected (HUU, n = 186) children. Measures of dental caries experience (i.e., prevalence and severity) were based on dmft/DMFT indices recorded by trained and calibrated clinical examiners. Differences in primary and permanent dentition caries experience between HI, HEU, and HUU were estimated using multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression modeling.

Results
HI children had significantly higher caries experience (33%) compared to HEU (15%) and HUU (22%) children. This difference persisted in fully adjusted analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.6], was most pronounced in the permanent dentition (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.2–9.5), and mirrored differences in caries severity. While molars were predominantly affected in both primary and permanent dentitions, caries lesion patterns differed between dentitions. Caries severity was significantly associated with hypoplastic primary teeth, gingival inflammation, and lower CD4 counts.

Conclusions
We found that the higher prevalence and severity of dental caries among HI children was driven by increased burden of permanent dentition caries compared to their uninfected counterparts. The dentition-specific associations identified in this study highlight the need to design and implement age-specific caries prevention strategies. These may include intensified oral hygiene regimens aimed at mitigating the cariogenic impact of hyposalivation among HI children. Similarly, the long-lasting impacts of developmental defects of the enamel in the primary and permanent dentitions must not be ignored.
Causes of adverse events in home mechanical ventilation: a nursing perspective
Authors: Lipprandt Myriam , Liedtke Wenke , Langanke Martin , Klausen Andrea , Baumgarten Nicole , Röhrig Rainer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Adverse events (AE) are ubiquitous in home mechanical ventilation (HMV) and can jeopardise patient safety. One particular source of error is human interaction with life-sustaining medical devices, such as the ventilator. The objective is to understand these errors and to be able to take appropriate action. With a systematic analysis of the hazards associated with HMV and their causes, measures can be taken to prevent damage to patient health.

Methods
A systematic adverse events analysis process was conducted to identify the causes of AE in intensive home care. The analysis process consisted of three steps. 1) An input phase consisting of an expert interview and a questionnaire. 2) Analysis and categorisation of the data into a root-cause diagram to help identify the causes of AE. 3) Derivation of risk mitigation measures to help avoid AE.

Results
The nursing staff reported that patient transportation, suction and tracheostomy decannulation were the main factors that cause AE. They would welcome support measures such as checklists for care activities and a reminder function, for e.g. tube changes. Risk mitigation measures are given for many of the causes listed in the root-cause diagram. These include measures such as device and care competence, as well as improvements to be made by the equipment providers and manufacturers. The first step in addressing AE is transparency and an open approach to errors and near misses. A systematic error analysis can prevent patient harm through a preventive approach.

Conclusion
Risks in HMV were identified based on a qualitative approach. The collected data was systematically mapped onto a root-cause diagram. Using the root-cause diagram, some of the causes were analysed for risk mitigation. For manufacturers, caregivers and care services requirements for intervention offers the possibility to create a checklist for particularly risky care activities.
Geochemistry and microbiology of tropical serpentine soils in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, a landscape-biogeographical approach
Authors: Solano-Arguedas Agustín F. , Boothman Christopher , Newsome Laura , Pattrick Richard A. D. , Arguedas-Quesada Daniel , Robinson Clare H. , Lloyd Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Santa Elena Ophiolite is a well-studied ultramafic system in Costa Rica mainly comprised of peridotites. Here, tropical climatic conditions promote active laterite formation processes, but the biogeochemistry of the resulting serpentine soils is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil geochemical composition and microbial community of contrasting landscapes in the area, as the foundation to start exploring the biogeochemistry of metals occurring there. The soils were confirmed as Ni-rich serpentine soils but differed depending on their geographical location within the ophiolite area, showing three serpentine soil types. Weathering processes resulted inmountainsoils rich in trace metals such as cobalt, manganese and nickel. The lowlands showed geochemical variations despite sharing similar landscapes: theinner ophiolite lowlandsoils were more like the surrounding mountain soils rather than thenorth lowlandsoils at the border of the ophiolite area, and within the same riparian basin, concentrations of trace metals were higher downstream towards the mangrove area. Microbial community composition reflected the differences in geochemical composition of soils and revealed potential geomicrobiological inputs to local metal biogeochemistry: iron redox cycling bacteria were more abundant in the mountain soils, while more manganese-oxidizing bacteria were found in the lowlands, with the highest relative abundance in the mangrove areas. The fundamental ecological associations recorded in the serpentine soils of the Santa Elena Peninsula, and its potential as a serpentinization endemism hotspot, demonstrate that is a model site to study the biogeochemistry, geomicrobiology and ecology of tropical serpentine areas.Graphical Abstract
Team IHMC at the 2020 Cybathlon: a user-centered approach towards personal mobility exoskeletons
Authors: Peterson Brandon , Daniel Mark , Subra Mani Vishnu , Arnold Brooke , Craig Travis , Gines Jeremy , Gonzalez Carlos , Howell William , Shrewsbury Brandon , Bellman Matthew , Neuhaus Peter , Griffin Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The past few decades have seen rapid advancements in exoskeleton technology, with a considerable shift towards applications involving users with gait pathologies. Commercial devices from ReWalk, Ekso Bionics, and Indego, mainly designed for rehabilitation purposes, have inspired the development of many research platforms aimed at extending capabilities for use as safe and effective personal mobility devices. The 2016 Cybathlon featured an impressive demonstration of exoskeletons designed to enable mobility for individuals with spinal cord injury, however, not a single team completed every task and only two completed the stairs. Major improvements were showcased at the 2020 Cybathlon, with seven of the nine teams completing a similar set of tasks. Team IHMC built upon its silver-medal success from 2016 with an upgraded device, Quix.

Methods
Quix features several notable improvements including an additional powered degree of freedom for hip ab/adduction to laterally shift the device and reduce user effort while walking, custom-tailored cuffs and soft goods based on 3D body scans to optimize user comfort, and a streamlined testing pipeline for online tuning of gait parameters.

Results
Team IHMC finished in fourth place behind the teams from EPFL and Angel Robotics. Although we suffered from a considerably slower flat-ground walking speed, our pilot reported marked improvements in overall effort, comfort, and ease-of-use compared to our previous device.

Conclusions
Clear progress in exoskeleton development has been exhibited since the inaugural Cybathlon, with tasks involving rough terrain, stairs, and ramps now posing little threat to most of the competitors. As a result, the layout of the powered exoskeleton course will likely undergo significant modifications to further push the devices towards suitability for personal everyday use. The current tasks do not address the issue of donning and doffing, nor do they simulate a scenario similar to maneuvering a kitchen to prepare a meal, for example. An additional limitation that may be more difficult to test in a competition setting is the required upper-body effort to manipulate the device in an effective manner.
Targeted AntiBiotics for Chronic pulmonary diseases (TARGET ABC): can targeted antibiotic therapy improve the prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and asthma? A multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial
Authors: Eklöf Josefin , Alispahic Imane Achir , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Wilcke Torgny , Seersholm Niels , Armbruster Karin , Kjærgaard Jakob Lyngby , Saeed Mohamad Isam , Nielsen Thyge Lynghøj , Browatzki Andrea , Overgaard Rikke Holmen , Fenlev Camilla Sund , Harboe Zitta Barella , Andreassen Helle Frost , Lapperre Therese Sophie , Pedersen Lars , Johnsen Stine , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Janner Julie , Moberg Mia , Heidemann Maria , Weinreich Ulla Møller , Vijdea Roxana , Linde Hans , Titlestad Ingrid , Johansson Sofie Lock , Rosenvinge Flemming Schønning , Østergaard Christian , Ghathian Khaled Saoud Ali , Gundersen Lise , Christensen Christina Wellendorph , Bangsborg Jette , Jensen Torben Tranborg , Sørensen Vibeke Muff , Ellingsgaard Thilde , Datcu Raluca , Coia John Eugenio , Bodtger Uffe , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is seen in chronic pulmonary disease and is associated with exacerbations and poor long-term prognosis. However, evidence-based guidelines for the management and treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in chronic, non-cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate whether targeted antibiotic treatment against P. aeruginosa can reduce exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis, and asthma.

Methods
This study is an ongoing multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial. A total of 150 patients with COPD, non-CF bronchiectasis or asthma, and P. aeruginosa-positive lower respiratory tract samples will be randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to either no antibiotic treatment or anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment with intravenous beta-lactam and oral ciprofloxacin for 14 days. The primary outcome, analyzed with two co-primary endpoints, is (i) time to prednisolone and/or antibiotic requiring exacerbation or death, in the primary or secondary health sector, within days 20–365 from study allocation and (ii) days alive and without exacerbation within days 20–365 from the study allocation.

Discussion
This trial will determine whether targeted antibiotics can benefit future patients with chronic, non-CF pulmonary disease and P. aeruginosa infection in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality, thus optimizing therapeutic approaches in this large group of chronic patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03262142. Registered on August 25, 2017.