bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Contribution of Blood Pressure in Childhood, Young‐ and Mid‐Adulthood to Large Artery Stiffness in Mid‐Adulthood
Authors: Meng Yaxing , Buscot Marie‐Jeanne , Juonala Markus , Wu Feitong , Armstrong Matthew K. , Fraser Brooklyn J. , Pahkala Katja , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Kähönen Mika , Laitinen Tomi , Viikari Jorma S. A. , Raitakari Olli T. , Magnussen Costan G. , Sharman James E. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Blood pressure associates with arterial stiffness, but the contribution of blood pressure at different life stages is unclear. We examined the relative contribution of childhood, young‐ and mid‐adulthood blood pressure to mid‐adulthood large artery stiffness.

Methods and Results
The sample comprised 1869 participants from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had blood pressure measured in childhood (6–18 years), young‐adulthood (21–30 years), and mid‐adulthood (33–45 years). Markers of large artery stiffness were pulse wave velocity and carotid distensibility recorded in mid‐adulthood. Bayesian relevant life course exposure models were used. For each 10‐mm Hg higher cumulative systolic blood pressure across the life stages, pulse wave velocity was 0.56 m/s higher (95% credible interval: 0.49 to 0.63) and carotid distensibility was 0.13%/10 mm Hg lower (95% credible interval: −0.16 to −0.10). Of these total contributions, the highest contribution was attributed to mid‐adulthood systolic blood pressure (relative weights: pulse wave velocity, childhood: 2.6%, young‐adulthood: 5.4%, mid‐adulthood: 92.0%; carotid distensibility, childhood: 5.6%; young‐adulthood: 10.1%; mid‐adulthood: 84.3%), with the greatest individual contribution coming from systolic blood pressure at the time point when pulse wave velocity and carotid distensibility were measured. The results were consistent for diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure.

Conclusions
Although mid‐adulthood blood pressure contributed most to mid‐adulthood large artery stiffness, we observed small contributions from childhood and young‐adulthood blood pressure. These findings suggest that the burden posed by arterial stiffness might be reduced by maintaining normal blood pressure levels at each life stage, with mid‐adulthood a critical period for controlling blood pressure.
Active RhoA Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on the Homeostasis and Angiogenic Capacity of Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hauke Michael , Eckenstaler Robert , Ripperger Anne , Ender Anna , Braun Heike , Benndorf Ralf A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
The small GTPase RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation, survival, and permeability. In addition, there are reports indicating that RhoA‐ROCK (rho associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase) activation is essential for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)‐mediated angiogenesis, whereas other work suggests VEGF‐antagonistic effects of the RhoA‐ROCK axis.

Methods and Results

To elucidate this issue, we examined human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human coronary artery endothelial cells after stable overexpression (lentiviral transduction) of constitutively active (G14V/Q63L), dominant‐negative (T19N), or wild‐type RhoA using a series of in vitro angiogenesis assays (proliferation, migration, tube formation, angiogenic sprouting, endothelial cell viability) and a human umbilical vein endothelial cells xenograft assay in immune‐incompetent NOD
scid
gamma mice in vivo. Here, we report that expression of active and wild‐type RhoA but not dominant‐negative RhoA significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Moreover, active RhoA increased endothelial cell death in vitro and decreased human umbilical vein endothelial cell‐related angiogenesis in vivo. Inhibition of RhoA by C3 transferase antagonized the inhibitory effects of RhoA and strongly enhanced VEGF‐induced angiogenic sprouting in control‐treated cells. In contrast, inhibition of RhoA effectors ROCK1/2 and LIMK1/2 (LIM domain kinase 1/2) did not significantly affect RhoA‐related effects, but increased angiogenic sprouting and migration of control‐treated cells. In agreement with these data, VEGF did not activate RhoA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as measured by a Förster resonance energy transfer–based biosensor. Furthermore, global transcriptome and subsequent bioinformatic gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that constitutively active RhoA induced a differentially expressed gene pattern that was enriched for gene ontology biological process terms associated with mitotic nuclear division, cell proliferation, cell motility, and cell adhesion, which included a significant decrease in VEGFR‐2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) and NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) expression.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that increased RhoA activity has the potential to trigger endothelial dysfunction and antiangiogenic effects independently of its well‐characterized downstream effectors ROCK and LIMK.
Integrating a Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Artery Disease as a Risk‐Enhancing Factor in the Pooled Cohort Equation: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis Study
Authors: Mujwara Deo , Henno Geoffrey , Vernon Stephen T. , Peng Siyang , Di Domenico Paolo , Schroeder Brock , Busby George B. , Figtree Gemma A , Bottà Giordano 
Published: June 2022

Background
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States, yet a significant proportion of adults at high risk remain undetected by standard screening practices. Polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD‐PRS) improves precision in determining the 10‐year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but health benefits and health care costs associated with CAD‐PRS are unknown. We examined the cost‐effectiveness of including CAD‐PRS as a risk‐enhancing factor in the pooled cohort equation (PCE)—the standard of care for determining the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease—versus PCE alone.

Methods and Results
We applied a Markov model on a cohort of 40‐year‐old individuals with borderline or intermediate 10‐year risk (5% to <20%) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to identify those in the top quintile of the CAD‐PRS distribution who are at high risk and eligible for statin prevention therapy. Health outcomes examined included coronary artery disease (CAD; ie, myocardial infarction) and ischemic stroke. The model projected medical costs (2019 US$) of screening for CAD, statin prevention therapy, treatment, and monitoring patients living with CAD or ischemic stroke and quality‐adjusted life‐years for PCE+CAD‐PRS versus PCE alone. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were performed to examine uncertainty in parameter inputs. PCE+CAD‐PRS was dominant compared with PCE alone in the 5‐ and 10‐year time horizons. We found that, respectively, PCE+CAD‐PRS had 0.003 and 0.011 higher mean quality‐adjusted life‐years and $40 and $181 lower mean costs per person screened, with 29 and 50 fewer events of CAD and ischemic stroke in a cohort of 10 000 individuals compared with PCE alone. The risk of developing CAD, the effectiveness of statin prevention therapy, and the cost of treating CAD had the largest impact on the cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained. However, this cost remained below the $50 000 willingness‐to‐pay threshold except when the annual risk of developing CAD was <0.006 in the 5‐year time horizon. Results from Monte Carlo simulation indicated that PCE+CAD‐PRS would be cost‐effective. with the probability of 94% and 99% at $50 000 willingness‐to‐pay threshold in the 5‐ and 10‐year time horizon, respectively.

Conclusions
Implementing CAD‐PRS as a risk‐enhancing factor in the PCE to determine the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease reduced the mean cost per individual, improved quality‐adjusted life‐years, and averted future events of CAD and ischemic stroke when compared with PCE alone.
Association of Race and Ethnicity on the Management of Acute Non−ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tertulien Tarryn , Broughton Stephen T. , Swabe Gretchen , Essien Utibe R. , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Prior studies have reported disparities by race in the management of acute myocardial infarction (MI), with many studies having limited covariates or now dated. We examined racial and ethnic differences in the management of MI, specifically non–ST‐segment‐elevation MI (NSTEMI), in a large, socially diverse cohort of insured patients. We hypothesized that the racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention would persist in contemporary data.

Methods and Results
We identified individuals presenting with incident, type I NSTEMI from 2017 to 2019 captured by a health claims database. Race and ethnicity were categorized by the database as Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Covariates included demographics (age, sex, race, and ethnicity); Elixhauser variables, including cardiovascular risk factors and other comorbid conditions; and social factors of estimated annual household income and educational attainment. We examined rates of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention by race and ethnicity and income categories and in multivariable‐adjusted models. We identified 87 094 individuals (age 73.8±11.6 years; 55.6% male; 2.6% Asian, 13.4% Black, 11.2% Hispanic, 72.7% White) with incident NSTEMI events from 2017 to 2019. Individuals of Black race were less likely to undergo coronary angiography (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; [95% CI, 0.89–0.98]) and percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 0.86; [95% CI, 0.81–0.90]) than those of White race. Hispanic individuals were less likely (OR, 0.88; [95% CI, 0.84–0.93]) to undergo coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 0.85; [95% CI, 0.81–0.89]) than those of White race. Higher annual household income attenuated differences in the receipt of coronary angiography across all racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions
We identified significant racial and ethnic differences in the management of individuals presenting with NSTEMI that were marginally attenuated by higher household income. Our findings suggest continued evidence of health inequities in contemporary NSTEMI treatment.
Prognostic Value of Exercise Capacity in Kidney Transplant Candidates
Authors: Tan Sean , Thang Yi Wen , Mulley William R. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Ramkumar Satish , Cheng Kevin , Chan Jasmine , Galligan John , Nolan Mark , Brown Adam J. , Moir Stuart , Cameron James D. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Mottram Philip M. , Nerlekar Nitesh 
Published: June 2022

Background
Exercise stress testing for cardiovascular assessment in kidney transplant candidates has been shown to be a feasible alternative to pharmacologic methods. Exercise stress testing allows the additional assessment of exercise capacity, which may have prognostic value for long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in pre‐transplant recipients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of exercise capacity on long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in kidney transplant candidates.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively evaluated exercise capacity in 898 consecutive kidney transplant candidates between 2013 and 2020 who underwent symptom‐limited exercise stress echocardiography for pre‐transplant cardiovascular assessment. Exercise capacity was measured by age‐ and sex‐predicted metabolic equivalents (METs). The primary outcome was incident major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as cardiac death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cox proportional hazard multivariable modeling was performed to define major adverse cardiovascular events predictors with transplantation treated as a time‐varying covariate. A total of 429 patients (48%) achieved predicted METs. During follow‐up, 93 (10%) developed major adverse cardiovascular events and 525 (58%) underwent transplantation. Achievement of predicted METs was independently associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; [95% CI 0.29–0.82],
P
=0.007), as was transplantation (HR, 0.52; [95% CI 0.30–0.91],
P
=0.02). Patients achieving predicted METs on pre‐transplant exercise stress echocardiography had favorable outcomes that were independent (HR, 0.78; [95% CI 0.32–1.92],
P
=0.59) and of similar magnitude to subsequent transplantation (HR, 0.97; [95% CI 0.42–2.25],
P
=0.95).

Conclusions
Achievement of predicted METs on pre‐transplant exercise stress echocardiography confers excellent prognosis independent of and of similar magnitude to subsequent kidney transplantation. Future studies should assess the benefit on exercise training in this population.
Heartbreak Liberalism, or the Case for Militant Translation
Authors:   Sr/The Lausan Collective
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In a social movement beset by internal divisions even as it confronts an ever-escalating crackdown, the meaning of “militancy” in Hong Kong has taken on conflicting if not antagonistic dimensions in the years since the protests of 2019. These “field notes” attempt to chart a course through the ins and outs of organizing on the ground and from a distance through the work of the Lausan Collective, tracking its epoch-making aesthetics and practices of militancy. As a prioritized ethic and moral-political compass that has aligned seamlessly with not only the mainstream liberal currents of the 2019 uprising but also with a storied postcolonial tradition of bourgeois Han centrism in Hong Kong identity formation, the legacy of militancy remains inextricably tied to valorized masculinist and techno-orientalist imaginaries of dissent, as well as a readiness to invoke sympathetic affect, or “heartbreak,” to sanction modes of injury and sacrifice and to allocate activist merit. Instead, Lausan Collective puts forward translation as a militant practice—a reciprocal and persistent mode of survival and solidarity that endures beyond and despite a visuality of valiance and the dominant affective orders of “heartbreak liberalism.”
Credentialing Scientific Claims
Authors: Suppe Frederick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article seeks rapprochement between the sociology of knowledge and philosophy of science by attempting to capture the best social constructionist insights within a strongly realistic philosophy of science. Key to doing so are (1) separating the grounds for the individual scientist coming to know that P from those grounds for socially credentialing the claim that P within the relevant scientific subcommunity and (2) showing how truth considerations can enter into the analysis of knowledge without interfering with social constructionist treatments of credentialing claims. A detailed epistemology and associated account of the social credentialing of knowledge claims are presented. Close attention is paid to the epistemological and social aspects of (a) the nature and role of observation reports, (b) the interpretation of data, (c) simplifications, idealizations, and approximations, and (d) the nature of replication. The article contains a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) remote-sensing case study and a detailed analysis of replication in the 1881–1933 Michelson-Morley-Miller interferometer ether studies.
Expressions of Tense and Aspect in the Tunisian Varieties of Arabic: A Comparative Study of Jewish and Muslim Dialects
Authors: Gębski Wiktor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aspectual and temporal value of the verb is one of the most discussed problems in Semitic linguistics. Nonetheless, in the field of North African Arabic dialectology this subject has not received its due attention, and compared to other Arabic dialects, it remains terra incognita. The present article explores strategies by which spoken varieties of Tunisian Arabic express tense and aspect. The core data examined in this study comes from an endangered dialect spoken by the Jews of Gabes (southern Tunisia). Comparative material includes an array of examples from both Jewish and Muslim varieties. I reconstruct the origin of the preverbal particles and auxiliaries in Tunisian Arabic, and argue that, in contradistinction to Moroccan Arabic, the ka- particle in Jewish Gabes does not originate in kān. I present evidence that the active participle in Jewish and Muslim varieties has divergent functional distribution, which suggests a Northwest Semitic substrate in Judeo-Arabic.
Test-Retest Reliability of Self-Reported Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among at-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Charles Nora E. , Strong Stephanie J. , Floyd Paula N. , Burns Lauren C. , Sigurdson Lydia , Barry Christopher T. 
Published: June 2022

Adolescents often engage in behaviors such as substance use and risky sexual activity that can lead to negative health and psychological consequences for themselves and others. Accurate measurement of these behaviors in surveys is challenging given that the behaviors are often viewed as undesirable and/or are illegal, so it is important to test the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess adolescent risk behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of a widely used measure of youth risk-taking behavior, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A sample of 156 at-risk adolescents aged 16–18 years (81% male; 61% White) completed the YRBS retrospectively across intervals ranging from 3 to 12 days during their stay in a residential program at which they were under close supervision and had limited ability to engage in new risk behaviors. Participants were asked to complete the YRBS based on their “typical” (pre-program) behavior at both administrations, which were 10–14 weeks into their stay. The reliability of responses was assessed using kappa and weighted kappa analyses. Findings indicate moderate to substantial reliability for nearly all items, suggesting that at-risk youth reliably reported their engagement in health risk behaviors across multiple administrations and supporting the psychometric strength of the YRBS measure for use with this population.
Productive Aging Lifestyles: A Latent Class Analysis of Work and Volunteer Patterns over the Retirement Transition
Authors: Carr Dawn C. , Kail Ben L. , Taylor Miles 
Published: June 2022

Frank Caro and colleagues’ foundational work set the stage for a broad and multifaceted productive aging (PA) literature. Recent PA research has focused on health benefits associated with work and volunteering, respectively. However, these activities are often assumed to have independent associations with health and wellbeing. Less clear is whether and in what ways older adults participate in productive engagement lifestyles including multiple activities over a long period of time. This paper uses latent class analyses and the Health and Retirement Study to examine combined engagement in work and volunteer activities over 12 years between ages 56-68 to (1) identify patterns of work and volunteer activities across the retirement transition, (2) evaluate characteristics of individuals within these patterns, and (3) explore whether particular patterns are associated with markers of health and wellbeing. We describe how our findings inform successful aging by incentivizing socially and individually beneficial PA lifestyles.
Trajectories of coparenting quality across ethnically diverse and interethnic parents
Authors: Kil Hali , Robichaud Jean-Michel , Mageau Geneviève A 
Published: June 2022

The Interracial Couples’ Life Transitions (ICLT) model proposes that: i) interethnic parents experience more coparenting difficulties upon the birth of a child compared to same-ethnicity parents; and ii) there exists heterogeneity in interethnic parents’ coparenting quality, thus the coparenting experience cannot be generalized across all interethnic unions. In the present work, we examined these two propositions using a large-scale database of elevated risk, fragile families. In Study 1, we compared the longitudinal trajectories of coparenting in interethnic parents ( n = 574 mother-father unions) and their matched same-ethnicity counterparts ( n = 574 each mothers and fathers) and found that interethnic parents of Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White backgrounds consistently experienced lower and decreasing trajectories of coparenting compared to their counterparts across the first 9 years of a child’s life. In Study 2, we examined heterogeneity in coparenting trajectories for only interethnic mothers and fathers ( n = 1148) and found a three-trajectory profile in which the majority (75.5%) of parents fall into a contented (stable and high) coparenting profile. Our findings confirm and extend on the ICLT model, showing that most interethnic parents experience more coparenting difficulties across time compared to their counterparts, and although there is some heterogeneity in interethnic parents’ coparenting trajectories, most interethnic parents appear to experience stable and content coparenting across time.
Paraprotein associated heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Khuong Jacqueline N , Forsyth Cecily J , Manuel Lucy , Kingsford-Smith Kate , Srivastava Arpit , Bassin Levi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass poses a significant intraoperative dilemma. Antithrombin deficiency related heparin resistance is well described, but less common causes are still poorly understood and inadequately managed. Case report We present a case of heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass in a gentleman with no previous haematological history or thrombotic risk factors. The patient required three times the regular dose of unfractionated heparin to achieve acceptable conditions to initiate and maintain bypass. The patient was found to have elevated serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) kappa paraprotein on post-operative investigation. Discussion Paraproteins may exhibit non-specific binding to long polymeric chains of unfractionated heparin and inhibits the interaction between heparin and antithrombin. As a result, excessive doses of heparin are required to overcome this, which increases the risk of perioperative bleeding and other complications. Conclusion Elevated serum paraprotein levels should be recognised as a cause of heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass.