bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-brain modelling identifies distinct but convergent paths to unconsciousness in anaesthesia and disorders of consciousness
Authors: Luppi Andrea I. , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Rosas Fernando E. , Allanson Judith , Pickard John D. , Williams Guy B. , Craig Michael M. , Finoia Paola , Peattie Alexander R. D. , Coppola Peter , Owen Adrian M. , Naci Lorina , Menon David K. , Bor Daniel , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe human brain entertains rich spatiotemporal dynamics, which are drastically reconfigured when consciousness is lost due to anaesthesia or disorders of consciousness (DOC). Here, we sought to identify the neurobiological mechanisms that explain how transient pharmacological intervention and chronic neuroanatomical injury can lead to common reconfigurations of neural activity. We developed and systematically perturbed a neurobiologically realistic model of whole-brain haemodynamic signals. By incorporating PET data about the cortical distribution of GABA receptors, our computational model reveals a key role of spatially-specific local inhibition for reproducing the functional MRI activity observed during anaesthesia with the GABA-ergic agent propofol. Additionally, incorporating diffusion MRI data obtained from DOC patients reveals that the dynamics that characterise loss of consciousness can also emerge from randomised neuroanatomical connectivity. Our results generalise between anaesthesia and DOC datasets, demonstrating how increased inhibition and connectome perturbation represent distinct neurobiological paths towards the characteristic activity of the unconscious brain.
Kinetics and energetics of metal halide perovskite conversion reactions at the nanoscale
Authors: Arora Neha , Greco Alessandro , Meloni Simone , Hinderhofer Alexander , Mattoni Alessandro , Rothlisberger Ursula , Hagenlocher Jan , Caddeo Claudia , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Schreiber Frank , Graetzel Michael , Friend Richard H. , Dar M. Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the kinetics and energetics of metal halide perovskite formation, particularly from the structural point of view at the nanoscale, is important for the advancement of perovskite devices. In particular, insight is needed regarding the mechanisms by which perovskite conversion reactions occur, and their kinetics. Here, we examine the structural evolution of precursor and perovskite phases using in situ synchrotron x-ray scattering. This approach mitigates issues associated with illumination and electron beam-based techniques and allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the kinetics of these reactions. We find that kinetics and grain orientation strongly depend on both the lead halide framework and the nature of the A-cation, with fastest kinetics for MAPbI3, followed by FAPbI3, and slowest for MAPbBr3. Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations further reveal that these reactions are diffusion-controlled with a hopping time of 5-400 s, corroborating experimental findings.
Dual Kondo effect charge ordering and zero thermal expansion in a correlated intermetallic
Authors: Liao Yen-Fa , Tegomo Chiogo Bodry , Clausse Thomas , Mazet Thomas , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Malterre Daniel , Chainani Ashish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe possibility that valency changes due to the Kondo effect induce a charge-density-wave (CDW) transition and lead to zero-thermal-expansion by compensating the accompanying structural changes is appealing from both a fundamental and applied physics perspective. Theoretical studies have predicted CDW-order caused by the Kondo effect, whereby a material would exhibit a temperature-dependent dual Kondo effect comprising of two sublattices with different single-ion Kondo temperatures, but its experimental realization remains elusive. Here, we show direct evidence of a dual Kondo effect providing the electronic energy gain for a CDW accompanied by zero-thermal-expansion, in a strongly correlated f-electron material. YbPd undergoes a cubic to tetragonal transition with an incommensurate-CDW below T1 = 130 K, which becomes commensurate below T2 = 105 K. Bulk-sensitive spectroscopy reveals temperature-independent ytterbium single-site mixed-valence above T1, and a clear temperature-dependent mixed-valence charge-disproportionation of two crystallographic ytterbium sites in the CDW phases. Simplified single-impurity Anderson model calculations prove existence of a dual Kondo mixed-valency coupled to the CDW changes associated with the two ytterbium sites, and quantify site-dependent single-ion Kondo temperatures. The dual Kondo temperatures track the evolution of lattice parameters, resulting in a cell-volume compensated Kondo-CDW phase. The results provide a route to develop room temperature intermetallic zero-thermal-expansion materials.
The effect of halogenation of salicylaldehyde on the antiproliferative activities of {Δ/Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(X,Y-sal)]BF4} complexes
Authors: Taghizadeh Shool Maryam , Amiri Rudbari Hadi , Gil-Antón Tania , Cuevas-Vicario José V. , García Begoña , Busto Natalia , Moini Nakisa , Blacque Olivier 
Published: April 2022

In order to evaluate the impact of halogen substituents on antiproliferative activities, five {△/Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(X,Y-sal)]BF4} complexes were synthesized and characterized.
Aided Language Measures: Establishing Observer Agreement for Communicators in Early Language Phases
Authors: Lee Jisun P. , Binger Cathy , Harrington Nancy , Evelyn Seana , Kent-Walsh Jennifer , Gevarter Cindy , Richardson Jessica , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Although many valid, reliable, and developmentally sensitive measures exist to monitor the language gains of children who rely on spoken language to communicate, the same is not true for graphic symbol communicators. This study is a first step in developing such measures by examining the interobserver agreement (IOA) and within-observer agreement of 13 measures designed to monitor the language progress of children who use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). These measures are based on the Graphic Symbol Utterance and Sentence Development Framework (Binger et al., 2020) and are hypothesized to capture various phases of graphic symbol communication.

Method:
Four graduate student observers coded 13 measures across 57 different play-based sessions of children with Down syndrome ages 3;0–5;11 (years;months). For IOA, sessions were coded by two different observers. For within-observer agreement, all sessions were recoded by the same coders. Corpus-level analyses were completed to characterize the nature of the samples (e.g., average mean length of utterance for the samples). IOA and within-observer agreement were examined for each utterance.

Results:
Across all observers and measures, acceptable levels of IOA and within-observer agreement were achieved, with most measures yielding relatively high levels of agreement. Some differences were noted across measures, with the less experienced coders demonstrating less agreement on select measures.

Conclusions:
Results provide initial evidence that many measures based on the Graphic Symbol Utterance and Sentence Development Framework can be reliably coded. These findings are a first step in developing psychometrically sound measures to monitor the expressive language progress of children who use AAC.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19601551
BCSM: Blockchain‐based cooperative spectrum management system for 5G NR‐U and WiFi coexistence in the unlicensed band
Authors: Al‐Sahan Lina , Lasla Noureddine , Abdallah Mohamed , Wang Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe licensed band is crowded and suffers from immense mobile data traffic growth, which exceeded 58 exabytes per month in 5 years. Meanwhile, a significant portion of the unlicensed band is underutilized and not coordinated efficiently. Experiments in some urban areas of the world have shown that only 5% of the unlicensed 5 GHz band is being used. 5G NR‐U technology supports 5G networks in the unlicensed band to alleviate the traffic congestion and boosts 5G networks capacity. Different heterogeneous network access technologies already use the unlicensed band. Consequently, 5G NR‐U networks will operate in the proximity of the other coexisting networks, such as WiFi networks in the 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands. In such environments, assessing the shared spectrum becomes challenging and necessitates adequate protocols to identify idle slots for successful transmissions. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) improves the spectrum assessment process, as the decision about the spectrum state is rendered based on the local decisions of multiple sensing nodes. CSS is exploited by integrating it with Blockchain technology to design a decentralized cooperative spectrum management system called: Blockchain‐Based Cooperative Spectrum Management (BCSM). The system is attributed to ameliorating 5G NR‐U awareness about the neighboring WiFi networks traffic in the unlicensed band. An algorithm is designed for performing distributed cooperative spectrum assessment between the 5G NR‐U base stations to profile the WiFi networks traffic in their proximity. To ensure fairness based on the effort expended in assessing the spectrum, a priority‐based algorithm is designed for spectrum access scheduling. A proof‐of‐concept is implemented using private Ethereum Blockchain and NS3 simulator. Finally, the system's accuracy is evaluated empirically along with theoretical security analysis.
Supporting availability evaluation of a smart building monitoring system aided by fog computing
Authors: Silva Francisco Airton , Fé Iure , Brito Carlos , Araújo Gabriel , Feitosa Leonel , Choi Eunmi , Min Dugki , Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is increasingly present in people's lives, mainly to provide security and well‐being. In homes and buildings, IoT sensors can monitor various factors such as temperature and the smoke presence. In case of danger, some action can be activated. However, a sensor network is a complex and fault‐prone architecture. Evaluating an IoT architecture in this context is essential. Thus, the objective of this paper is twofold: (i) suggest a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) model for a smart building monitoring system as a starting point; (ii) based on the results of a sensitivity analysis, an expanded CTMC with improved system availability and shorter outage periods is proposed. The proposed solution reduced the downtime by 98% compared with the baseline architecture. Systems administrators can use our models to evaluate their solutions.
Local earthquake magnitude estimation using ridge regression model
Authors: Ahn Hyeongki , Lee Kyunghyun , Kim Hyunchang , Hu Mingyuan , You Kwanho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a local magnitude estimation model using ridge regression is proposed for the accurate determination of the local magnitude of earthquakes. To increase its accuracy, an estimation model was derived from the hypocentral distance correction term and peak amplitude using ridge regression. The improved performance of the proposed estimation model was evaluated via the mean squared error. It was compared with the least squares model to confirm its superiority in predicting the real magnitude.
Analytic theory for the tangential YORP produced by the asteroid regolith
Authors: Golubov O. , Lipatova V. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The tangential YORP effect is a radiation pressure torque produced by asymmetric thermal emission by structures on the asteroid surface. Previous works considered these structures to be boulders of different shapes lying on the surface of the asteroid.
Aims. We study the tangential YORP produced by the rough interface of the asteroid's regolith.
Methods. We created an approximate analytic theory of heat conduction on a slightly non-flat sinusoidal surface. We analyzed the published data on the small-scale shape of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu and estimated its tangential YORP due to the surface roughness.
Results. We derive an analytic formula that expresses the tangential YORP of a sinusoidal surface in terms of its geometric and thermal properties. The tangential YORP is highest at the thermal parameter on the order of unity and for shape irregularities on the order of the thermal wavelength. Application of this equation to Ryugu predicts a tangential YORP that is 5-70 times greater than its normal YORP effect.
Conclusions. The contribution of the small-scale regolith roughness to the YORP effect of the asteroid can be comparable to the normal YORP and the tangential YORP produced by boulders. The same theory can describe the roughness of the asteroid boulders, thus adding a new term to the previously considered the tangential YORP created by boulders.
Transition bei Jugendlichen mit Mukoviszidose
Authors: Jungbauer Johannes , Orf Joana , Heidemann Kristina 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFür Jugendliche mit Mukoviszidose ist die Transition von der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin zur erwachsenenmedizinischen Betreuung oft ein sehr großer Schritt. Nicht selten treten dabei Probleme auf, die sich ungünstig auf ihre Therapie und ihren Gesundheitszustand auswirken. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie vorgestellt, in der medizinische und therapeutische Fachkräfte zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Transition von jungen Mukoviszidosepatienten befragt wurden. Als hinderlich für die Transition wurden insbesondere unterschiedliche Behandlungsansätze in Jugend- und Erwachsenenmedizin beschrieben, ferner Ängste und Vorbehalte, ein schlechter Gesundheitszustand des Patienten, Compliance-Probleme sowie eine unzureichende Kooperation der Behandler aufgrund limitierter Kapazitäten. Als Gelingensfaktoren wurde eine frühzeitige Vorbereitung der Transition genannt, ferner ein klarer Schnitt bei Volljährigkeit, kontinuierliche Ansprechpartner, multidisziplinäre Kooperation, psychosoziale Beratung zu Themen des Erwachsenwerdens sowie ein systemischer, ressourcenorientierter Ansatz.
Effect of Interstimulus Interval on Subjective Categorical Loudness Judgments
Authors: Ruscetta Melissa N. , Palmer Catherine V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Independent Hearing Aid Fitting Forum uses the visual input/output locator algorithm and the Contour Test of Loudness Perception to achieve the goal of restoring normal loudness perception with amplification. This method presupposes that subjective categorical loudness judgments are valid and reliable when using the procedure outlined by the test developers. There is no indication in the instructions of the Contour Test of a specific duration for interstimulus interval (ISI). The effect of ISI on loudness perception is important to establish because of potential time-error effects. Time-error refers to the extent to which the judged magnitude of a second stimulus varies with the time interval by which it follows the first stimulus. Past research has indicated that judgments of a second stimulus are shifted in the direction of the intensity of the preceding stimulus and that this effect intensifies with shorter ISIs. The current experiment was designed to examine whether a change in ISI produced a change in the loudness rating of the subsequent stimulus for subjective categorical loudness judgment testing. A trend toward lower, median dB values for ratings 2 to 5 at 500 Hz in a group of subjects with normal hearing was noted when 1–sec intervals were used in comparison with longer ISIs. No trends for the effect of ISI were noted at 3000 Hz. The findings provide ISI recommendations for loudness judgment test administration.
Abbreviations: DAT = digital audiotape, IHAFF = Independent Hearing Aid Fitting Forum, ISI = interstimulus interval, KEMAR = Knowles Electronics' Mannikin for Auditory Research, VIOLA = visual input/output locator algorithm, WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Beyond safety: mapping the ethical debate on heritable genome editing interventions
Authors: Almeida Mara , Ranisch Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic engineering has provided humans the ability to transform organisms by direct manipulation of genomes within a broad range of applications including agriculture (e.g., GM crops), and the pharmaceutical industry (e.g., insulin production). Developments within the last 10 years have produced new tools for genome editing (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) that can achieve much greater precision than previous forms of genetic engineering. Moreover, these tools could offer the potential for interventions on humans and for both clinical and non-clinical purposes, resulting in a broad scope of applicability. However, their promising abilities and potential uses (including their applicability in humans for either somatic or heritable genome editing interventions) greatly increase their potential societal impacts and, as such, have brought an urgency to ethical and regulatory discussions about the application of such technology in our society. In this article, we explore different arguments (pragmatic, sociopolitical and categorical) that have been made in support of or in opposition to the new technologies of genome editing and their impact on the debate of the permissibility or otherwise of human heritable genome editing interventions in the future. For this purpose, reference is made to discussions on genetic engineering that have taken place in the field of bioethics since the 1980s. Our analysis shows that the dominance of categorical arguments has been reversed in favour of pragmatic arguments such as safety concerns. However, when it comes to involving the public in ethical discourse, we consider it crucial widening the debate beyond such pragmatic considerations. In this article, we explore some of the key categorical as well sociopolitical considerations raised by the potential uses of heritable genome editing interventions, as these considerations underline many of the societal concerns and values crucial for public engagement. We also highlight how pragmatic considerations, despite their increasing importance in the work of recent authoritative sources, are unlikely to be the result of progress on outstanding categorical issues, but rather reflect the limited progress on these aspects and/or pressures in regulating the use of the technology.
Attitudes to animal use of named species for different purposes: effects of speciesism, individualising morality, likeability and demographic factors
Authors: Marriott Sara , Cassaday Helen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAttitudes to animals and their use are becoming increasingly important for the success of conservation and environmental initiatives. Beliefs about animals, their perceived emotional appeal, as well as individuals’ moral capacities are all likely drivers of attitudes to animal use. In the present study, 320 participants completed an online survey containing the animal purpose questionnaire (APQ), the likeability and the speciesism scales, along with subscales of the moral foundations questionnaire and some demographic items. The results suggest that participants were least agreeable towards the use of pet species, but more neutral towards the use of profit and pest species. Individuals with a stronger liking for animals, greater individualising moral values and fewer speciesist attitudes were more likely to challenge animal use. In addition, individuals who identified as young female and non-meat-eating displayed heightened concern about animal use. Individualising morality and speciesism, along with personal factors such as eating orientation were significant predictors of attitudes to animal use as measured by the APQ. Speciesism was the strongest individual predictor of APQ totals, accounting for the highest proportion of the variance in the hierarchical regression. Overall the findings suggest that human versus non-human animal and pet versus non-pet are the key speciesism prejudices at work. Moreover, a general measure of human respect for the rights of other humans also predicted respect for the rights of animals. Thus the findings also suggest some similarity in the psychological mechanisms underpinning human–human and human–animal relations.
Design and CFD modeling of gasifier stove combined with heat exchanger for water heating application
Authors: Nega Tayachew , Tesfaye Assefa , Paramasivam Prabhu 
Published: April 2022

Manufacturing industries use a huge amount of power to heat water. The ability to control pollutant gas species released from the company by improving the efficiency of combustion reduces global warming and energy bills associated with water heating. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal analysis of a biomass gasifier and heat exchanger combined system has been used to study the effect of the concentration of species, such as CH4, CO2, and CO, on the gasification temperature. The power consumed by boilers for water heating in industries, hotels, restaurants, and other domestic hot water heating is, to some extent, to substitute by a combined system. The model and syngas energy analysis of the integrated system was investigated by assuming a eucalyptus wood chip as fuel from the literature with 5%wb ultimate and 10% proximate values to analyze the gasification performance. The reactor was designed to supply syngas gas energy through the pipe. The gasification system was investigated at temperatures ranging from 298 to 990 K. This range of temperature in the gasifier is enough for water heating applications. The CFD model is developed and validated with the experimental results obtained in the literature. Several parameters, such as syngas molar composition and mass fraction, lower heating value of biomass, gasifier efficiency (67.3%), biomass energy, product gas energy, energy gain by the heat exchanger, and hot water outlet temperature, were examined by varying temperature. As the result shows, the species concentrations in the gasifier vary with temperature and gasifying agent. To optimize the transfer of heat from the heat exchanger tube to cold water, the syngas circulation time inside the inner tube should be increased by making the inner tube-shaped zigzag.
The reaction rate and residual value in southern New South Wales of 12 commercial liming materials from around Australia
Authors: Conyers M. K. , Scott B. J. , Whitten M. G. , Poile G. J. 
Published: April 2022

Context Farmers and consultants are faced with selecting from amongst competing liming materials. Aim We sought to establish guidelines for the efficient use of competing liming materials. Method The effectiveness of 12 commercial liming materials from around Australia in increasing soil pH, their rate of movement below the depth of incorporation and their residual value to grain yield were measured in our field study. Key results Chemical composition (equivalent CaCO3 content) was a major determinant of effectiveness over the longer term. There appeared to be no value to grain yield in the provision of additional Mg above what was already in the soil at this site. Finer commercial products were more effective in the short term and no less effective in the longer term, indicating that fineness also remains a major determinant of effectiveness. The effect of the source of the liming product was a minor determinant of effectiveness. As previously found, there was a tardiness in the reaction rate of dolomites and a slight advantage in the reaction rate of softer limestones but as with fineness, the data for different sources tended to converge over 6–7 years. Conclusion All liming materials provided a benefit to grain yield over the 7 years and that benefit was proportional to the material’s chemical purity and fineness. Implication Growers and advisers can select the best value for cost amongst the commercially available products at a given geographical location. The quantitative assessment of chemical composition and particle size remains the best means of assessment over both the short and longer terms.