bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AttentionMask R‐CNNwith edge refinement algorithm for identifying circulating genetically abnormal cells
Authors: Xu Xu , Li Congsheng , Fan Xianjun , Lan Xinjie , Lu Xing , Ye Xin , Wu Tongning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that circulating tumor cells with abnormalities in gene copy numbers in mononuclear cell‐enriched peripheral blood samples, such as circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs), can be used as a non‐invasive tool to detect patients with benign pulmonary nodules. These cells are identified through fluorescence signals counting by using 4‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology that exhibits high stability, sensitivity, and specificity. When FISH data are analyzed, the overlapping cells and fluorescence noise is a great challenge for identifying of CACs, thereby seriously affecting the efficiency of clinical diagnosis. To address this problem, in this study, we proposed an end‐to‐end FISH‐based method (CACNET) for CAC identification. CACNET achieved nuclear segmentation and counted 4‐color staining signals through improved Mask region‐based convolutional neural network (R‐CNN), followed by cell category (normal cell, deletion cell, gain cell, or CAC) according to pathological criteria. Firstly, the segmentation accuracy of overlapping nuclei was improved by adding an edge constraint head during training. Then, the interference of fluorescence noise was reduced by fusing non‐local module to reconstruct the feature extraction network of Mask R‐CNN. We trained and tested the proposed model on a dataset comprising 700 frames with 58,083 nuclei. The Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity (overall performance metric for the algorithm) of CAC identification with CACNET were 94.06%, 92.1%, and 99.8%, respectively. Moreover, the developed method exhibited approximately identification speed of approximately 0.22 s per frames. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the existing CAC identification methods, making it a promising approach for early screening of lung cancer.
Precision beam shaping by spatial frequency filtering
Authors: Nakata Yoshiki , Hirakawa Yuto , Osawa Kazuhito , Tsubakimoto Koji , Shiraga Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlattop beams are in high demand for a variety of applications, including uniform surface treatment, interference laser processing, repairing and skin therapy. In this experiment, we optimized the direction of phase grating to spatially separate the beam into extracted and residual components in the Fourier plane, and spatially filtered the components to form a square or hexagonal flattop beam with no wave‐like structure inside and high edge steepness.
20π Antiaromatic Isophlorins without Metallation or Core Modification**
Authors: Sugimura Haruna , Nakajima Kana , Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIsophlorins (two‐electron‐reduced porphyrins) with 20π antiaromaticity have been synthesized by metallation or core modification (replacing the inner NHs with less bulky atoms) thus far. The core‐modification number (CMN) is an important factor for the stability of isophlorins against their oxidation to porphyrins. However, isophlorins with small CMN (≤2), i. e., without significant core modification, are difficult to synthesize and important for understanding their structure–antiaromaticity relationships. Herein, we report the synthesis of free‐base (metal‐free) antiaromatic isophlorins with no core modification (CMN=0) for the first time. β‐Tetracyanoporphyrins were successfully reduced by hydrazine to their corresponding isophlorins under aerobic conditions. These porphyrin/isophlorin transformations are reversible. Their structure and antiaromaticity were studied via 1H NMR, UV‐vis/near‐infrared absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and theoretical calculations.
Conjugate sparse plus low rank models for efficient Bayesian interpolation of large spatial data
Authors: Shirota Shinichiro , Finley Andrew O. , Cook Bruce D. , Banerjee Sudipto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA key challenge in spatial data science is the analysis for massive spatially‐referenced data sets. Such analyses often proceed from Gaussian process specifications that can produce rich and robust inference, but involve dense covariance matrices that lack computationally exploitable structures. Recent developments in spatial statistics offer a variety of massively scalable approaches. Bayesian inference and hierarchical models, in particular, have gained popularity due to their richness and flexibility in accommodating spatial processes. Our current contribution is to provide computationally efficient exact algorithms for spatial interpolation of massive data sets using scalable spatial processes. We combine low‐rank Gaussian processes with efficient sparse approximations. Following recent work by Zhang et al. (2019), we model the low‐rank process using a Gaussian predictive process (GPP) and the residual process as a sparsity‐inducing nearest‐neighbor Gaussian process (NNGP). A key contribution here is to implement these models using exact conjugate Bayesian modeling to avoid expensive iterative algorithms. Through the simulation studies, we evaluate performance of the proposed approach and the robustness of our models, especially for long range prediction. We implement our approaches for remotely sensed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data collected over the US Forest Service Tanana Inventory Unit (TIU) in a remote portion of Interior Alaska.
Molecular engineering of sulfur‐providing materials for optimized sulfur conversion in Li‐S chemistry
Authors: Jiao Long , Li Heng , Zhang Chen , Jiang Hao , Yang Shuo , Shu Dengkun , Li Chenyang , Cheng Bowen , Yang Quanhong , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe practical implementation of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries is greatly hampered by the low sulfur utilization and limited battery lifespan stemming from the complexity of the sulfur conversion reactions. As a core element in Li‐S chemistry, the intrinsic physiochemical properties of sulfur have predominant impacts on the final battery performance, and thus rational engineering of its structure at the molecular level may provide ample possibilities to optimize the sulfur conversion behaviors and hence to promote the commercialization of Li‐S technology. This review summarizes the recent advancements in tailoring the electrochemical performance of Li‐S batteries through engineering the molecular structures of sulfur‐providing materials themselves, such as by heteroatom doping, skeleton grafting, and construction of polysulfides‐based functional intermediates. Some new‐type inorganic sulfur‐equivalent active molecules with beneficial electrochemical properties for cathode application are also included. Finally, the perspectives on the challenges of molecular engineering of sulfur for achieving advanced Li‐S batteries are discussed.image
RETRACTED: Medical data quality management using butterfly optimization with adaptive threshold sensitive energy‐efficient routing protocol and multidimensional chaotic blowfish encryption in wireless body networks
Authors: Santhalakshmi M. , Kavitha P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, medical applications require much medical information to analyze various diseases. To collect various medical data, wearable devices collect patient health and medical details using a wireless body area network. The collected details consist of several critical details: oxygen level, heart attack information, blood pressure, airflow and so forth. These details are broadcast to the healthcare centers using wireless technologies to make clinical decisions. During medical information transfer, the data quality and critical events are difficult to maintain because it reduces the packet delivery, transmission delay, and high energy. So, this article introduces bacterial optimization and adaptive threshold‐sensitive energy‐efficient routing protocol (BOATSEE) to transmit the medical data. The method aggregates the sensitive data by selecting the cluster head and effectively broadcasts the critical data. In addition, the optimized method manages the network lifetime and energy using an energy‐efficient method. Also, we have proposed a multidimensional chaotic blowfish encryption (MCBE) algorithm to enhance the system's security. Then the system's efficiency is computed based on metrics like energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and QoS metric‐associated restraints. The results reveal that the proposed system is efficient in managing the medical data quality with minimum energy utilization, packet loss rate, delay, and maximum packet delivery ratio when compared with the conventional approaches. Our method also proved to be more secure than the traditional systems.
Forecasting variance swap payoffs
Authors: Dark Jonathan , Gao Xin , van der Heijden Thijs , Nardari Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the predictability of payoffs from selling variance swaps on the S&P500, US 10‐year treasuries, gold, and crude oil. In‐sample analysis shows that structural breaks are an important feature when modeling payoffs, and hence the ex post variance risk premium. Out‐of‐sample tests, on the other hand, reveal that structural break models do not improve forecast performance relative to simpler linear (or state invariant) models. We show that a host of variables that had previously been shown to forecast excess returns for the four asset classes, contain predictive power for ex post realizations of the respective variance risk premia as well. We also find that models fit directly to payoffs perform as well or better than models that combine the current variance swap rate with a realized variance forecast. These novel findings have important implications for variance swap sellers, and investors seeking to include volatility as an asset in their portfolio.
Lithofacies and reservoirs in sequence stratigraphic framework of Lower Palaeozoic carbonate, offshore Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China
Authors: Ye Tao , Chen Anqing , Niu Chengming , Luo Jian , Hou Mingcai 
Published: August 2022

A set of marine carbonates was deposited in the Palaeozoic of the North China Craton, which is the dominant sequence for buried hill hydrocarbon exploration. This study focuses on the lithofacies and reservoirs developed in the sequence. Based on the data of cores, thin sections, drilling, and logging, the characteristics of the sequence stratigraphic framework and its control on lithofacies and reservoirs of the Lower Palaeozoic buried hills in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin are discussed. The results show that there developed 4 second‐order sequences and 21 third‐order sequences in the study area. Due to the deep burial depth, the dolomite is more likely to form high‐quality reservoirs than limestone in the study area, and we define the dolomitic tidal flat‐dominant sequences as ‘favorable reservoir sequences’. There developed unconformity‐related reservoirs and inner reservoirs in the buried hill, and the ‘favourable reservoir sequences’ present obvious control on both reservoirs, showing: (i) ‘favourable reservoir sequences’ and weathering interface control on the scale of the unconformity‐related reservoir jointly, and (ii) the inner reservoirs developed within ‘favourable reservoir sequences’ as well, and the top and bottom of the high‐frequency sequences are the predominant areas for the bedding karst reservoir distribution.
Prognostic capacity of the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bagué Silvia , León Xavier , Terra Ximena , Lejeune Marylène , Camacho Mercedes , Avilés‐Jurado Francesc‐Xavier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the relationship between the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the disease control in patients with a head and squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe determined the transcriptional expression of LDHA in 110 HNSCC patients treated with surgery.ResultsFive‐year disease‐free survival for patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA (n = 51) was 39.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.3%–53.1%), and for patients with a low expression (n = 59), it was 63.6% (95% CI: 51.1%–76.1%) (p = 0.004). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA had a 3.4‐fold increased risk of tumor recurrence. Patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA tended to show a higher intensity of immunohistochemical expression of LDHA at the tumor cells (p = 0.086).ConclusionIn HNSCC patients treated with surgery, a high transcriptional expression of LDHA was associated with a significant decrease in disease‐free survival.
Exploring why young Australians participate in the sport of fencing: Future avenues for sports‐based health promotion
Authors: Ganakas Elly , Peden Amy E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIssue addressedAustralian sport policy calls for a diverse sector to get more individuals more active. This study contributes to an evidence base of alternative sport options that may increase physical activity levels in adolescents, as we sought to understand why Australians decide to participate in fencing when aged <18 years.MethodsA retrospective, mixed‐methods survey design was employed to measure why a participant started fencing and what participants like about fencing compared to other sports. Free‐text qualitative data were analysed thematically. Quantitative data were collected to answer secondary objectives, using nonparametric tests to determine significance between the median scores prefencing and postfencing for enjoyment and frequency of participation.ResultsOne hundred and one fencers across Australia who started fencing aged <18 years completed the survey. Respondents primarily started fencing for fun/enjoyment, followed by the desire to try something different/alternative/nonmainstream. Four themes were identified relating to why a participant decided to start fencing: (i) external motivators, (ii) influence of interest and imagination, (iii) developing the self and (iv) the supportive culture.ConclusionsFencing may encourage adolescent participation in physical activity due to unique characteristics which attracts individuals for reasons beyond the need to be active alone, and instead affords a space for self‐exploration, learning, and belonging. Further research is required to identify how fencing can engage different cohorts of adolescents, and any barriers to participation.So what?Fencing could be utilised to promote engagement in physical activity among Australian adolescents by emphasising the creative, mental, and inclusive aspects of the sport.
Structural changes of erythrocyte membrane revealed by 3D confocal optical profilometer
Authors: Lomanovskaya Tatiana A. , Piavchenko Gennadii A. , Soldatov Vladislav O. , Venediktov Artem A. , Kuzmin Egor A. , Kartashkina Natalia L. , Mukhamedova Svetlana G. , Boronikhina Tatiana V. , Markov Aleksandr G. , Telyshev Dmitry V. , Meglinski Igor , Yatskovskiy Alexander N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examined hematological changes influenced by the experimental hypervitaminosis A. The 3D confocal optical profilometer was applied for assessment of the erythrocytes' membrane structural changes influenced by an overdose of vitamin A. The blood smears were evaluated in terms of alterations of geometrical and optical parameters of erythrocytes for two groups of animals: oil base and retinol palmitate (n = 9 animals for each group). The results demonstrate that an overdose of retinol palmitate causes changes in the torus curvature and pallor of discocytes, their surface area and volume. The observed structural malformations of the shape of red blood cells become visible at the earlier preclinical stage of changes in animal state and behavior. With this in mind, the results of the study open a new area of research in the certain dysfunction diagnosis of red blood cells and have a great potential in the further development of new curative protocols.
Mitochondria, mitophagy, and the role of deubiquitinases as novel therapeutic targets in liver pathology
Authors: Aryapour Elham , Kietzmann Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLiver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have increased over the past few decades due to the absence or ineffective therapeutics. Recently, it has been shown that inappropriate regulation of hepatic mitophagy is linked to the pathogenesis of the above‐mentioned liver diseases. As mitophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by removing damaged and nonfunctional mitochondria from the cell, the proper function of the molecules involved are of utmost importance. Thereby, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligases as well as several deubiquitinases (DUBs) appear to play a unique role for the degradation of mitochondrial proteins and for proper execution of the mitophagy process by either adding or removing ubiquitin chains from target proteins. Therefore, these enzymes could be considered as valuable liver disease biomarkers and also as novel targets for therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of different DUBs on mitophagy and their contribution to NAFLD, NASH, alcohol‐related liver disease, and especially HCC.
CO2 reduction by electropolymerized catalyst of triphenylamine‐substituted iron porphyrin
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsuan , De Silva Akshitha , Yeh Chen‐Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new catalyst, triphenylamine‐substituted iron porphyrin (FeCTP), for CO2 reduction has been synthesized, and its polymer (FeCTP‐film) directly deposited on glassy carbon electrode was made by means of electropolymerization employing cyclic voltammetry technique. This strategy allows us to prepare nondestructive porphyrin catalysts and reduce the amount of the catalyst required for CO2 reduction. The Faradaic efficiencies of CO for FeCTP and FeCTP‐film were estimated to be 48 and 66%, respectively, after the controlled electrolysis for an hour, which were higher than that of FeTPP, 40%.
A strategy to design nonlinear optical materials: Self‐assembling by π ‐ π stacking
Authors: Li Bo , Peng Liang , Xu Chao , Gu Feng Long 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLacking high‐performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials limits the applications to opto‐electronic devices. In this work, a strategy of self‐assembling driven by π‐π stacking is proposed to design high‐performance NLO materials. Here, the third‐order NLO responses of two carbon‐based fuller‐rylenes dimers (Fuller‐PMI and Fuller‐PDI) are theoretically studied. The results mainly highlight the following points: (1) these two dimers are in good thermodynamic and kinetic stability, and the interaction energies of Fuller‐PMI and Fuller‐PDI dimers have reached to −63.50 kcal/mol and −68.18 kcal/mol, respectively; (2) the ratios of the static second order hyperpolarizability (, i∈{x, y, z}) between the dimer and the monomer are = 5.5, = 1.2 and = 1.2 for Fuller‐PMI, = 1.1, =1.4 and = 4.2 for Fuller‐PDI. These results demonstrate that the self‐assembling driven by π‐π stacking is an effective strategy for designing high‐performance NLO materials.
Rethinking scarcity and poverty: Building bridges for shared insight and impact
Authors: Blocker Chris , Zhang Jonathan Z. , Hill Ronald Paul , Roux Caroline , Corus Canan , Hutton Martina , Dorsey Joshua , Minton Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResource scarcity is a powerful construct in social sciences. However, explanations about how resources influence overall wellbeing are difficult to generalize since much of the research on scarcity focuses on relatively affluent marketplace conditions, limiting its usefulness to large segments of the global population living in poverty. Conversely, poverty research provides cultural insights into resource deprivation, yet it stops short of explaining the systematic variation of scarce resources among impoverished individuals. To bridge these intellectual silos and advance a deeper understanding of scarcity, we integrate resource scarcity research, which builds upon a psychological tradition to understand various forms of everyday deprivation, with poverty research, which builds upon a sociological tradition to understand extreme and enduring deprivation. We propose a novel framework that integrates the concept of consumption adequacy and clarifies resource scarcity's forms, intensity, duration, and dynamic trajectories. We leverage this framework to generate a research agenda, and we propose ways to stimulate dialog among scarcity and poverty scholars, policymakers, and organizations to help inform impoverished life circumstances and generate effective solutions.
The Role of MR Assessments of Cardiac Morphology, Function, and Tissue Characteristics on Exercise Capacity in Well‐Functioning Older Adults
Authors: Li Qiaowei , Zhong Huijuan , Yu Shun , Cheng Yanling , Dai Yalan , Huang Feng , Lin Zhonghua , Zhu Pengli 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between resting cardiac indices and exercise capacity in older adults was still not well understood. New developments in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable a much fuller assessment of cardiac characteristics.Purpose/HypothesisTo assess the association between exercise capacity and specific aspects of resting cardiac structure, function, and tissue.Study TypeCross‐sectional study.PopulationA total of 112 well‐functioning older adults (mean age 69 years, 52 men).Field Strength/SequenceAll participants underwent 3.0 T MRI, using scan protocols including balanced steady‐state free precession cine sequence, modified look‐locker inversion recovery, and T2‐prepared single‐shot balanced steady‐state free precession.AssessmentDemographic and geriatric characteristics were collected. Blood samples were assayed for lipid and glucose related biomarkers. All participants performed a symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise test to achieve peakVO2. Cardiac MRI parameters were measured with semi‐automatic software by S.Y., an 18‐year experienced radiologist.Statistical TestsDemographic, geriatric characteristics and MR measurements were compared among quartiles of peakVO2, with different methods according to the data type. Spearman's partial correlation and least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression were performed to select significant MR features associated with peakVO2. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to test any indirect connection between age and peakVO2. A two‐sided P value of <0.05 was defined statistical significance.ResultsEpicardial fat volume, left atrial volume indexed to height, right ventricular end‐systolic volume indexed to body surface area and global circumferential strain (GCS) were correlated with peakVO2 (regression coefficients were −0.040, −0.093, 0.127, and 0.408, respectively). Mediation analysis showed that the total effect of peakVO2 change was 43.6% from the change of age. The proportion of indirect effect from epicardial fat volume and GCS were 11.8% and 15.1% in total effect, respectively.Data ConclusionPeakVO2 was associated with epicardial fat volume, left atrial volume, right ventricular volume and GCS of left ventricle.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 5