bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enhanced pseudonym certificates distribution mechanism for connected vehicles
Authors: Ercan Secil , Ayaida Marwane , Messai Nadhir 
Published: January 2022

SummaryCooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C‐ITS) is a growing research field since it improves traffic safety and efficiency. However, the security of C‐ITS messages is an important issue to deal with. This paper proposes a cost‐efficient solution that can help in the deployment of C‐ITS. The idea herein presented is to introduce trusted road operator vehicles (ROVs), to provide certificates for other vehicles when needed. These certificates, which are generally provided by roadside units (RSUs), are mandatory for the security and the anonymity of the communication. The main objective of this work is to help in enhancing the security of C‐ITS by allowing connected vehicles to download the needed certificates without using a physical fixed infrastructure of RSUs. The latter cannot be, in fact, widely deployed due to their high cost. The alternative herein proposed is to delegate the task of providing certificates to some trusted vehicles, namely, ROVs, which are in all the cases moving around the city to ensure some assigned missions. A mathematical model, considering both ROVs and RSUs, is proposed to quantify the effects of introducing ROVs on the probability of downloading certificates. The results show that ROVs almost double the communication probability between the vehicles and the certificate providers from 40.1% to 78.7% on a highway with a high traffic density. The higher the communication probability, the easier downloading certificates is. Moreover, realistic simulations are conducted using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulator together with Network Simulator 3 (NS3) network simulator to show the efficiency of our proposal. The simulation results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the number of downloaded certificates and the number of exchanged messages, even when a few numbers of ROVs are introduced.
Depictability of the upper gastrointestinal tract on forward‐viewing radial endoscopic ultrasonography versus standard upper esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Ban Tesshin , Kubota Yoshimasa , Takahama Takuya , Sasoh Shun , Ando Tomoaki , Nakamura Makoto , Joh Takashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a widely used modality for investigating the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, similar to endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the pancreaticobiliary system. A recent and novel forward‐viewing radial EUS has potential as an EGD. However, this potential has not yet been evaluated and reported in the literature. We compared the depictability of the upper GI tract on EUS using a standard EGD.MethodsThis was a prospective study in a single session in an identical patient and it was conducted at a single center.ResultsSixty‐nine participants were enrolled in this study. A forward‐viewing radial EUS revealed equivalent visualizing performance compared with the standard EGD, except for the retroflex view of the three angular areas. Depiction scores of the anterior wall, lesser curvature, and posterior wall of the angulus in the retroflex view in the forward‐viewing radial EUS were 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–2.52), 2.03 (95% CI, 1.48–2.58), and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.35–2.50), respectively. These scores were significantly lower compared with those of standard EGD scores of 2.97 (95% CI, 2.86–3.08), 2.97 (95% CI, 2.86–3.78), and 2.96 (95% CI, 2.83–3.09], respectively; p < 0.001). The rate of full‐mark score in these three angular areas was significantly lower in the forward‐viewing radial EUS than in the standard EGD (21/69, 30.4%; 23/69, 33.3%; 21/69, 30.4% vs. 67/69; 97.1%, 67/69; 97.1%, 66/69; 95.7%, p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsAlthough forward‐viewing radial EUS has the potential to simultaneously investigate the upper GI and pancreaticobiliary systems, it is too early to introduce it for this purpose.
Prone to food in bad mood—Emotion‐potentiated food‐cue reactivity in patients with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Arend Ann‐Kathrin , Schnepper Rebekka , Lutz Annika Petra Christine , Eichin Katharina Naomi , Blechert Jens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTheories on emotional eating are central to our understanding of etiology, maintenance, and treatment of binge eating. Yet, findings on eating changes under induced negative emotions in binge‐eating disorder (BED) are equivocal. Thus, we studied whether food‐cue reactivity is potentiated under negative emotions in BED, which would point toward a causal role of emotional eating in this disorder.MethodsPatients with BED (n = 24) and a control group without eating disorders (CG; n = 69) completed a food picture reactivity task after induction of negative versus neutral emotions. Food‐cue reactivity (self‐reported food pleasantness, desire to eat [DTE], and corrugator supercilii muscle response, electromyogram [EMG]) was measured for low‐ and high‐caloric food pictures.ResultsPatients with BED showed emotion‐potentiated food‐cue reactivity compared to controls: Pleasantness and DTE ratings and EMG response were increased in BED during negative emotions. This was independent of caloric content of the images.ConclusionsFood‐cue reactivity in BED was consistent with emotional eating theories and points to a heightened response to all foods regardless of calorie content. The discrepancy of appetitive ratings with the aversive corrugator response points to ambivalent food responses under negative emotions in individuals with BED.
Species‐range‐size distributions: Integrating the effects of speciation, transformation, and extinction
Authors: Takashina Nao , Plank Michael J. , Jenkins Clinton N. , Economo Evan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe species‐range size distribution is a product of speciation, transformation of range‐sizes, and extinction. Previous empirical studies showed that it has a left‐skewed lognormal‐like distribution. We developed a new mathematical framework to study species‐range‐size distributions, one in which allopatric speciation, transformation of range size, and the extinction process are explicitly integrated. The approach, which we call the gain‐loss‐allopatric speciation model, allows us to explore the effects of various speciation scenarios. Our model captures key dynamics thought to lead to known range‐size distributions. We also fitted the model to empirical range‐size distributions of birds, mammals, and beetles. Since geographic range dynamics are linked to speciation and extinction, our model provides predictions for the dynamics of species richness. When a species‐range‐size distribution initially evolves away from the range sizes at which the likelihood of speciation is low, it tends to cause diversification slowdown even in the absence of (bio)diversity dependence in speciation rate. Using the mathematical model developed here, we give a potential explanation for how observed range‐size distributions emerge from range‐size dynamics. Although the framework presented is minimalistic, it provides a starting point for examining hypotheses based on more complex mechanisms.
Can young‐of‐the‐year invasive fish keep up with young‐of‐the‐year native fish? A comparison of feeding rates between invasive sticklebacks and whitefish
Authors: Ogorelec Žiga , Rudstam Lars G. , Straile Dietmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvasion of non‐native species might alter food web structure and the strength of top‐down control within lake ecosystems. As top‐down control exerted by fish populations is often dominated by young of the year fish, the impact of new fish species might depend on the feeding rates of the juvenile fish. Here we provide comparative analyses of feeding rates of juvenile whitefish (Coregonus wartmanni) – a native and specialised planktivore and an invasive generalist (sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus). We studied feedings rates of whitefish and sticklebacks in aquaria experiments using 2 cm to 8 cm fish feeding on seven zooplankton species common to Lake Constance. As whitefish hatch several months earlier than sticklebacks, 0+ whitefish are larger than 0+ sticklebacks throughout the year and hence are predicted to have higher feeding rates on especially large zooplankton species. We show that sticklebacks as small as 2 cm were able to feed on the largest zooplankton species of Lake Constance. Further, stickleback feeding rates were similar to both the same size 0+ whitefish and the larger 0+ whitefish co‐occurring with smaller 0+ sticklebacks. Hence, 0+ sticklebacks will compete with 0+ whitefish for the same zooplankton species, therefore the invasion of sticklebacks is unlikely to change the relative feeding pressure by individual 0+ fish on zooplankton species.
Genetic assessment reveals inbreeding, possible hybridization, and low levels of genetic structure in a declining goose population
Authors: Honka Johanna , Baini Serena , Searle Jeremy B. , Kvist Laura , Aspi Jouni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe population numbers of taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis fabalis) have halved during recent decades. Since this subspecies is hunted throughout most of its range, the decline is of management concern. Knowledge of the genetic population structure and diversity is important for guiding management and conservation efforts. Genetically unique subpopulations might be hunted to extinction if not managed separately, and any inbreeding depression or lack of genetic diversity may affect the ability to adapt to changing environments and increase extinction risk. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers to study the genetic population structure and diversity among taiga bean geese breeding within the Central flyway management unit using non‐invasively collected feathers. We found some genetic structuring with the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA between four geographic regions (ɸST = 0.11–0.20) but none with the nuclear microsatellite markers (all pairwiseFST‐values = 0.002–0.005). These results could be explained by female natal philopatry and male‐biased dispersal, which completely homogenizes the nuclear genome. Therefore, the population could be managed as a single unit. Genetic diversity was still at a moderate level (averageHE = 0.69) and there were no signs of past population size reductions, although significantly positive inbreeding coefficients in all sampling sites (FIS = 0.05–0.10) and high relatedness values (r = 0.60–0.86) between some individuals could indicate inbreeding. In addition, there was evidence of either incomplete lineage sorting or introgression from the pink‐footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). The current population is not under threat by genetic impoverishment but monitoring in the future is desirable.
Polysaccharides of nutritional interest in jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) during root development
Authors: González‐Vázquez Marcela , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Mora‐Escobedo Rosalva , Salgado‐Cruz Ma. Paz , Arreguín‐Centeno José Honorato , Monterrubio‐López Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJicama root applications have focused on their nutraceutical properties without clearly specifying which compounds are related to this effect. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the changes in polysaccharides of nutraceutical interest in two commercial jicama roots (YS – Yellow Seed; PS – Purple Seed) during four stages of maturation, focusing on starch, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin (via galacturonic acid), and on their glycemic index, with the goal of determining, if possible, the best cost‐effectiveness between jicama growing stages and nutraceutical effect. Both materials (YS, PS) presented similar growth rates (0.069 and 0.072 cm/day) and final sizes (12.7 ± 1.25, 12.3 ± 1.63 cm). Changes in size were accompanied by changes in protein, fiber, ashes, lipids, and carbohydrates, after 106 or 127 days of growing. It was also found that fructose content was higher than glucose during the maturing stages, possibly because of the hydrolysis of fructooligosaccharides or sucrose for starch production. Concerning inulin, its levels decreased (<6.0%), after the first days (YS: 13.4% ± 0.7%; PS: 8.4% ± 0.2%, 106 days); however, during development, the presence of other fructooligosaccharides was observed (nystose‐YS 106 days 15.8% ± 0.9% and PS‐106 days 18.5% ± 0.1%), while galacturonic acid and native starch levels increased, which must be related to the jicama's low glycemic index found (<25%), and their nutraceutical properties. This work proves the presence of inulin in jicama roots by analytical methods, its dependence on root development and classifies jicama as a low glycemic index food, supporting its nutraceutical character.
Optimization and characterization of pectin extracted from banana and papaya mixed peels using response surface methodology
Authors: Mada Tanje , Duraisamy Ramesh , Guesh Fisseha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA massive amount of fruit peels generated from fruit processing industries and household kitchens has resulted in nutritional loss and environmental problems. Pectin is a polysaccharide that is isolated from fruit peels and has been attributed to various applications. By proper waste management practices and the use of efficient methods for retrieval of pectin from fruit, peels would benefit from resource management. This study has aimed at the extraction of pectin from locally available fruit peels. Pectin extraction from banana–papaya peel was done by microwave‐assisted extraction. The influence of temperature, time, and pH on extraction yield and anhydrouronic acid content was analyzed using software Design Expert 11. The optimum operating conditions such as temperature, time, and pH to achieve maximum yield (23.74%) and anhydrouronic acid (69.97%) were determined as 73°C, pH 2, and 35 min, respectively. Physicochemical assets of the extracted pectin, such as moisture, ash, protein, methoxyl content, degree of esterification, equivalent weight, and acetyl value, were determined as 7.2 ± 0.27%, 6.20 ± 1.26%, 3.92 ± 0.05% 8.37 ± 0.42%, 67.91 ± 0.33%, 783.69 ± 0.46 g/mol, and 0.48 ± 0.11%, respectively, and some functional properties like water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, and emulsifying activity and emulsion stability are found as 8.23%, 18.44%, 22.73%, 45.16%, and 29.33%, respectively.
Exploring the effectiveness of a P4P scheme from the perspective of Italian general practitioners: A replication study
Authors: Giancotti Monica , Mauro Marianna , Rania Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA major problem of the primary healthcare system is the deficiency in performance quality. From the second half of the 20th century, many countries introduced pay for performance reimbursement schemes to encourage practitioner behaviour to align with specific objectives of decision‐makers and to incentivise the provision of targeted services. The study of Krauth et al. (2016) provides key evidence from a European country, determining whether German general practitioners would participate in a pay for performance programme and under what conditions. Our research replicates this survey, adjusting it to the Italian context. We assessed the attitudes of Italian general practitioners towards the current remuneration scheme and analysed how such views varied among respondents. Results showed that the current remuneration scheme for Italian general practitioners does not seem to be proportional to the efforts given for the provision of care and does not provide appropriate incentives to supply high‐quality healthcare. Most of respondents supported the introduction of a pay for performance remuneration system, although perceived potential obstacles. We conclude that for a successful implementation of a quality‐based compensation scheme, GPs should be involved. Such participation would help better identify perceived obstacles and overcome them.
Reducing employee turnover intentions in the service sector: The connection between human resource development practices and employee engagement
Authors: Fulmore Julia A. , Fulmore Anthony L. , Mull Mandolen , Cooper Joy N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmployee engagement has been researched extensively in the management and human resource development (HRD) literature. However, the relationship between employee perceptions of HRD practices, engagement, and turnover intentions has not been sufficiently studied. In response, this two‐study research examined the extent to which employees' perceived support for participation in HRD practices (PSHRD), engagement, and turnover intent were associated with each other in the service sector. Two samples (nStudy 1 = 490 and nStudy 2 = 511) of U.S. service sector employees were used. Using structural equation modeling, the results of both studies confirmed the theorized partially mediated model. Study 2 expanded on the initial model by adding the moderating variable positive reciprocity beliefs between PSHRD and emotional engagement, which has not yet been empirically tested. However, the moderator was found to be statistically insignificant. Implications for HRD theory, practice, and future research are discussed.
The effect of computational processing of temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent parameters on non‐Newtonian fluid MHD: Applications of numerical methods
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed G. , Asfour Hanaa A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis investigation aims to introduce a new solution with aid of numerical methods to the blood flow of Carreau–Yasuda fluid through a microvessel. Swimming of gyrotactic microorganisms with nanoparticles is considered. A resulting system of partial differential equations is simplified by the meaning of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. This system of partial differential equations was formulated and transformed mathematically using new theories of differential transform method. Variable nonndimensional physical parameters effects, such as numbers of bioconvection Peclet and bioconvection Rayleigh, and so forth on velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution as well as oxytactic microorganism and oxygen concentration profiles are studied. All results are constructed in two cases of viscosity on the same figure, one of them in the case of variable parameters and the other in constant parameters. The existing study assured that the microorganism density in the direction near to the hypoxic tumor tissues regions grows with a rise in oxygen concentrations and the blood viscosity diminutions.
Affordances of digital platforms insub‐SaharanAfrica: An analytical review
Authors: Daramola Olawande , Etim Ernest 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe proliferation of digital platforms in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has increased job opportunities for informal businesses. However, the technological affordance of digital platforms in SSA has received very little attention in literature review. This paper presents an analytical review of the technological affordances of digital platforms in SSA. We adopted a systematic literature review methodology that entailed gathering evidence from relevant literature and digital platforms in three countries in SSA (South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya). Three research questions focusing on (i) critical issues of discussion on digital platforms in SSA and their distribution; (ii) understanding the technological affordances of digital platforms in SSA; and (iii) assessing the extent to which the technological affordances digital platforms can address the challenges of the informal sector in SSA drove the investigation. The study developed an affordances criteria framework, the first of its kind, to evaluate digital platforms affordances in SSA. Our findings revealed the key topics that have gained researchers' attention so far and digital platforms distribution in SSA. We also found that most digital platforms in SSA currently lack affordances that support multimodal interface and native language contents, limiting their accessibility to persons with minimal digital literacy. Most platforms also lack support for public/private partnerships. The lack of critical affordances that match the profile of the informal sector in SSA makes existing digital platforms incapable of addressing many critical challenges of the informal sector. These challenges include low literacy levels, minimal/lack of government support, lack of electricity or expensive power supply, expensive internet connectivity, and health and safety issues. However, existing digital platforms can reasonably address the absence of social protection, lack of formalization, and poor operational infrastructure. As a contribution, this paper offers a new perspective on the technological affordances of digital platforms in SSA. It also provides insight into the imperatives for designing inclusive and accessible digital platforms for the informal sector in SSA.
Three‐dimensional morphological characterization of colorectal pits from label‐free microscopy images
Authors: Erbes Luciana A. , Izaguirre María F. , Casco Víctor H. , Adur Javier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent pathologies worldwide, is linked to early detection. Kudo's pit pattern classification states morphological pit patterns of the Lieberkühn crypts by analyzing the superficial mucosa, predicting the histology of colorectal lesions. Its use as a highly accurate two‐dimensional diagnostic criterion has increased, mostly involving expert endoscopists’ judgment. The processing of autofluorescence images could allow the diagnostic, bypassing staining techniques and decreasing the biopsies, resources and times involved in the inspection. That criterion could be extended by data of the pit three‐dimensional (3D) morphology. Thus, this work was aimed at obtaining 3D morphological information by quantifying geometrical and shape descriptors through software processing and analysis of widefield autofluorescence microscopy image stacks acquired by fresh colon tissue samples from a murine model of CRC. Statistical analyses included pits from control mice and from the second (2nd), fourth (4th), and eighth (8th) weeks of treatment. Statistically significant differences were found for almost all parameters between the pits from control and from the 4th treated week, stating that the major morphological changes begin after the 2nd week. In particular, pits from control or initial treatment time points were more tubular, straighter and less rough than the ones from later treatment points. Therefore, they may be more associated to normal or non‐neoplastic crypt lumens than linked to adenomas or even cancer crypts. These preliminary outcomes could be considered an advance in 3D pit morphology characterization.
Recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism for the important N‐heterocyclic compound of 3‐methylindole
Authors: Fu Yi , Sun Pinghui , Li Gong , He Riyang , Shi Lei , Xing Na 
Published: January 2022

Abstract3‐Methylindole, as an important N‐heterocycle compound, is widely applied in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry for synthesizing momentous drugs and plant growth regulators as well as the production of spices. Therefore, the efficient synthesis of 3‐methylindole is very important and has attracted much attention from chemists. In this paper, the synthetic methods of 3‐methylindole were classified into Fischer proton rearrangement, radical reaction, coupling cyclization, electrophilic reaction, nucleophilic reaction, reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. Also, the recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism were reviewed, in which the most promising method for the green and cheap synthesis of 3‐methylindole from biomass‐derived glycerol and aniline was proposed.