bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of financial conflicts of interest and quality of evidence in Japanese gastroenterology clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Murayama Anju , Kamamoto Sae , Murata Nanami , Yamasaki Ryota , Yamada Kohki , Yamashita Erika , Saito Hiroaki , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice guidelines assist healthcare professionals in providing evidence‐based care. However, pharmaceutical companies' financial interests often influence guideline content. This study aimed to elucidate the magnitude of financial ties among Japanese gastroenterology guideline authors and the pharmaceutical industry.MethodsUsing pharmaceutical company disclosed payment data, we evaluated financial conflicts of interest (COI) among Japanese Society of Gastroenterology guideline authors between 2016 and 2021. Additionally, we assessed the evidence quality supporting guideline recommendations and associations with financial COI. Finally, we evaluated author COI management during guideline development against global standards.ResultsOverall, 88.2% (231/262) of guideline authors received a median of $12 968 (interquartile range [IQR]: $1839–$70 374) in payments between 2016 and 2019 for lectures, writings, and consulting. Chairpersons received significantly higher payments (median: $86 444 [IQR: $15 455–$165 679]). Notably, 41 (15.6%) authors had undeclared payments exceeding declaration requirements. Low or very low‐quality evidence supported 41.0% of recommendations. There was a negative association between the median 4‐year payment per author and the proportion of recommendations based on low‐quality evidence (odds ratio: 0.966 [95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.945–0.987], P = 0.002) and positive association with moderate‐quality evidence (odds ratio: 1.018 [95% CI: 1.011–1.025], P < 0.001). Still, the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology guideline development process remains less transparent, with insufficient COI policies relative to global standards.ConclusionThere were extensive financial COI between pharmaceutical companies and guideline authors, and more than 40% of recommendations were based on low‐quality evidence. More rigorous and transparent COI policies for guideline development adhering to global standards are warranted.
Racial inequality in functional trajectories between Black and White U.S. veterans
Authors: Jacobs Josephine C. , Bowling Christopher Barrett , Brown Tyson , Smith Valerie A. , Decosimo Kasey , Wilson Sarah M. , Hastings Susan Nicole , Shepherd‐Banigan Megan , Allen Kelli , Van Houtven Courtney 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial inequality in functional trajectories has been well documented in the U.S. civilian population but has not been explored among Veterans. Our objectives were to: (1) assess how functional trajectories differed for Black and White Veterans aged ≥50 and (2) explore how socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health‐related factors altered the relationship between race and function.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, longitudinal analysis using the 2006–2016 Health and Retirement Study. The study cohort included 3700 Veterans who self‐identified as Black or White, responded to baseline psychosocial questionnaires, and were community‐dwelling on first observation. We used stepwise and stratified linear mixed effects models of biannually assessed functional limitations. The outcome measure was as a count of functional limitations. Race was measured as respondent self‐identification as Black or White. Demographic measures included gender and age. Socioeconomic resources included partnership status, education, income, and wealth. Psychosocial stressors included exposure to day‐to‐day and major discrimination, traumatic life events, stressful life events, and financial strain. Health measures included chronic and mental health diagnoses, smoking, rurality, and use of Veterans Affairs services.ResultsBlack Veterans developed functional limitations at earlier ages and experienced faster functional decline than White Veterans between the ages of 50 and 70, with convergence occurring at age 85. Once we accounted for economic resources and psychosocial stressors in multivariable analyses, the association between race and the number of functional limitations was no longer statistically significant. Lower wealth, greater financial strain, and traumatic life events were significantly associated with functional decline.ConclusionsHealth systems should consider how to track Veterans' function earlier in the life course to ensure that Black Veterans are able to get timely access to services that may slow premature functional decline. Providers may benefit from training about the role of economic resources and psychosocial stressors in physical health outcomes.
The fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy and sick newborn foals
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Wong David , MacNicol Jennifer , Dembek Katarzyna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fecal bacterial microbiota of normal foals and foals with enterocolitis has been characterized using next‐generation sequencing technology; however, there are no reports investigating the gut microbiota in foals hospitalized for other perinatal diseases.ObjectiveTo describe and compare the fecal bacterial microbiota in healthy and sick foals using next‐generation sequencing techniques.AnimalsHospitalized (17) and healthy foals (21).MethodsCase‐control study. Fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick foals on admission. Sick foals were further divided into sick nonseptic (SNS, n = 9) and septic (n = 8) foals. After extraction of DNA, the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was amplified using a PCR assay, and the final product was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq.ResultsDiversity was significantly lower in healthy than sick foals (P < .05). The bacterial membership (Jaccard index) and structure (Yue & Clayton index) of the fecal microbiota of healthy, septic, and SNS foals were similar (AMOVA, P > .05). Bacterial membership (AMOVA, P = .06) and structure (AMOVA, P = .33) were not different between healthy and sick foals. Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus were among the 5 more abundant taxa identified in both groups.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHigher fecal microbiota diversity in sick than healthy foals might suggest a high exposure to environmental microorganisms or an unstable colonic microbiota. The presence of microorganisms causing bacteremia in foals in a high relative abundance in the feces of foals suggests the intestine might play an essential role in the causation of bacteremia in foals.
The effect of specific learning difficulties on general practice written and clinical assessments
Authors: Botan Vanessa , Williams Nicki , Law Graham R. , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial numbers of medical students and doctors have specific learning difficulties (SpLDs) and failure to accommodate their needs can disadvantage them academically. Evidence about how SpLDs affect performance during postgraduate general practice (GP) specialty training across the different licencing assessments is lacking. We aimed to investigate the performance of doctors with SpLDs across the range of licencing assessments.MethodsWe adopted the social model of disability as a conceptual framework arguing that problems of disability are societal and that barriers that restrict life choices for people with disabilities need to be addressed. We used a longitudinal design linking Multi‐Specialty Assessment (MSRA) records from 2016 and 2017 with their Applied Knowledge Test (AKT), Clinical Skills Assessment (CSA), Recorded Consultation Assessment (RCA) and Workplace Based Assessment (WPBA) outcomes up to 2021. Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for prior attainment and demographics were used to determine the SpLD doctors' likelihood of passing licencing assessments.ResultsThe sample included 2070 doctors, with 214 (10.34%) declaring a SpLD. Candidates declaring a SpLD were significantly less likely to pass the CSA (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26, 0.71, p = 0.001) but not the AKT (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.44, 2.09, p = 0.913) or RCA (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.35, 1.85, p = 0.615). Importantly, they were significantly more likely to have difficulties with WPBA (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.20, 0.40, p < 0.001). When looking at licencing tests subdomains, doctors with SpLD performed significantly less well on the CSA Interpersonal Skills (B = −0.70, 95% CI −1.2, −0.19, p = 0.007) and the RCA Clinical Management Skills (B = −1.68, 95% CI −3.24, −0.13, p = 0.034).ConclusionsCandidates with SpLDs encounter difficulties in multiple domains of the licencing tests and during their training. More adjustments tailored to their needs should be put in place for the applied clinical skills tests and during their training.
Diagnostic performance of noncultural methods for central nervous system aspergillosis
Authors: Zhou Ling‐Hong , Zhu Rong‐Sheng , Gong Yan‐Ping , Chen Zhong‐Qing , Luo Yu , Cheng Jia‐Hui , Jiang Ying‐Kui , Zhao Hua‐Zhen , Wang Xuan , Chen Wei‐Jun , Zhu Li‐Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is an uncommon but fatal disease, the diagnosis of which is still difficult.ObjectivesWe aim to explore the diagnositic performance of noncultural methods for CNS aspergillosis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all pathologically confirmed rhinosinusitis patients in whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) galactomannan (GM) test and metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) had been performed were included. We evaluated the diagnostic performances of CSF GM optical density indexes (ODI) at different cut‐off values and compared performance with mNGS in patients with and without CNS aspergillosis, as well as in patients with different manifestations of CNS aspergillosis.ResultsOf the 21 proven and probable cases, one had positive culture result, five had positive mNGS results and 10 had a CSF GM ODI of >0.7. Sample concordance between mNGS and GM test was poor, but best diagnostic performance was achieved by combination of GM test (ODI of >0.7) and mNGS, which generated a sensitivity of 61.9% and specificity of 82.6%. Further investigation of combination diagnostic performances in different kind of CNS aspergillosis was also conducted. Lowest sensitivity (42.9%) was identified in abscess group, while increased sensitivity (60.0%) was achieved in abscess with encephalitis groups. Combination test exhibited the best performance for encephalitis patients who had only CSF abnormalities, in whom the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 82.6%, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, combination of these two tests might be useful for diagnosis of CNS aspergillosis associated with fungal rhinosinusitis, especially in encephalitis patients.
A quantitative trait locus conferring flood tolerance to deepwater rice regulates the formation of two distinct types of aquatic adventitious roots
Authors: Lin Chen , Ogorek Lucas León Peralta , Liu Dan , Pedersen Ole , Sauter Margret 
Published: December 2022

Summary

A key trait conferring flood tolerance is the ability to grow adventitious roots as a response to submergence. The genetic traits of deepwater rice determining the development and characteristics of aquatic adventitious roots (AAR) had not been evaluated.

We used near‐isogenic lines introgressed to test the hypothesis that the impressive shoot elongation ability of deepwater rice linked to quantitative trait loci 1 and 12 also promote the development of AAR.

The deepwater rice genotype NIL‐12 possessed expanded regions at the stem nodes where numerous AAR developed as a response to submergence. Two types (AR1 and AR2) of roots with distinct timing of emergence and large differences in morphological and anatomical traits formed within 3 (AR1) to 7 (AR2) d of submergence. The mechanical impedance provided by the leaf sheath caused AR2 to emerge later promoting thicker roots, higher elongation capacity and higher desiccation tolerance. Upregulation of key genes suggests a joint contribution in activating the meristem in AAR enhancing the development of these in response to submergence.

The morphological and anatomical traits suggested that AR2 is better adapted to long‐term flooding than AR1. We therefore propose that AR2 in deepwater rice functions as an evolutionary defence strategy to tackle periodic submergence.
Multicenter retrospective study of nivolumab for recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamakawa Nobuhiro , Umeda Masahiro , Yoshii Yumi , Mitsudo Kenji , Noguchi Makoto , Kusukawa Jingo , Katakura Akira , Nakayama Hideki , Sasaki Masashi , Noguchi Tadahide , Ueda Michihiro , Bukawa Hiroki , Yagihara Kazuhiro , Horie Akihisa , Miyazaki Akihiro , Chikazu Daichi , Tomihara Kei , Mishima Katsuaki , Otsuru Mitsunobu , Asoda Seiji , Fujiwara Shigeyoshi , Ohyama Yoshio , Kurita Hiroshi , Kawamata Hitoshi , Fukuda Masayuki , Shintani Yukari , Kobayashi Takanori , Kanno Takahiro , Oh‐iwa Ichiro , Kawano Kenji , Yamashita Yoshio , Kobayashi Wataru , Ohiro Yoichi , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Ota Yoshihide , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesImmunotherapy with nivolumab for patients with recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been evaluated. Here, we aimed to examine the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of nivolumab in these patients.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter retrospective observational study involved patients who received nivolumab between April 2017 and June 2019. The patient characteristics were evaluated for association with progression‐free and overall survival. Progression‐free and overall survival rates were calculated; parameters that were significant in the univariate analysis were used as explanatory variables. Independent factors for progression‐free and overall survival were identified using multivariate analysis.ResultsTotally, 143 patients were included. The overall response and disease control rates were 27.3% and 46.2%, respectively. The median, 1‐ and 2‐year progression‐free survival rates were 2.7 months, 25.4%, and 19.2%, respectively; those for overall survival were 11.2 months, 47.3%, and 33.6%, respectively. The independent factors affecting progression‐free survival were performance status and immune‐related adverse event occurrence, whereas those affecting overall survival were performance status, target disease, and number of previous lines of systemic cancer therapy. Eight patients reported grade ≥3 immune‐related adverse events.ConclusionNivolumab was effective for recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment and was well tolerated by patients.
Expression and Clinical Significance of Various Checkpoint Molecules in Advanced Osteosarcoma: Possibilities for Novel Immunotherapy
Authors: Xie Lu , Chen Chenglong , Liang Xin , Xu Jie , Sun Xin , Sun Kunkun , Yang Rongli , Tang Xiaodong , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe fact that studies on anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) or its relevant ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have yielded such few responses greatly decreases the confidence in immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors for advanced osteosarcoma. We intended to characterize the expression of various checkpoint molecules with immunohistochemistry in osteosarcoma specimens and analyzed the relationship of the expression of these checkpoint molecules with patients' clinical courses.MethodsThis study was a retrospective non‐intervention study from August 1st 2017 to March 1st 2020. Immunohistochemistry for B7‐H3 (CD276, Cluster of Differentiation 276), CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47), PD‐L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1), TIM3 (mucin‐domain containing‐3), TGF‐β (TransformingGrowth Factor β), CXCR 4 (Chemokine Receptor 4), CD27 (Cluster of Differentiation 27), IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1), KIRs (Killer cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptors), and SDF‐1 (Stromal cell‐Derived Factor‐1) was performed on 35 resected osteosarcoma specimens. Patients progressed upon first‐line chemotherapy with evaluable lesions were qualified for this study, and their specimens previously stored in the pathological department repository would be retrieved for analysis. Associations between the immunohischemistry markers and clinicopathological variables and survival were evaluated by the χ2 displayed by cross‐table, Cox proportional hazards regression model, and Kaplan–Meier plots.ResultsThe positive rates of B7‐H3, CD47, PD‐L1, TIM3, and TGF‐β expression in this sample of 35 heavily treated osteosarcomas were 29% (10/35), 15% (5/35), 9% (3/35), 6% (2/35), and 6% (2/35), respectively, and diverse staining intensities were observed. Among these advanced patients, 15/35 (43%) had positive checkpoint expression, of which 33% (5/15) showed evidence of the co‐expression of more than one checkpoint molecule. We did not find any obvious correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the positive expression of these molecules.ConclusionsThe present study highlights that only a small subset of progressive osteosarcomas, which had been heavily‐treated, expressed tumor immune‐associated checkpoint molecules, of which B7‐H3 was the most positively expressed checkpoint and might be a promising target for further osteosarcoma investigation.
Potato protein tyrosine phosphatase StPTP1a is activated by StMKK1 to negatively regulate plant immunity
Authors: Li Fangfang , Chen Xiaokang , Yang Ruixin , Zhang Kun , Shan Weixing , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Du Yu 
Published: December 2022

SummaryPhytophthora infestans causes severe losses in potato production. The MAPK kinase StMKK1 was previously found to negatively regulate potato immunity to P. infestans. Our results showed that StMKK1 interacts with a protein tyrosine phosphatase, referred to as StPTP1a, and StMKK1 directly phosphorylates StPTP1a at residues Ser‐99, Tyr‐223 and Thr‐290. StPTP1a is a functional phosphatase and the phosphorylation of StPTP1a at these three residues enhances its stability and catalytic activity. StPTP1a negatively regulates potato immunity and represses SA‐related gene expression. Furthermore, StPTP1a interacts with, and dephosphorylates, the StMKK1 downstream signalling targets StMPK4 and −7 at their Tyr‐203 residue resulting in the repression of salicylic acid (SA)‐related immunity. Silencing of NbPTP1a + NbMPK4 or NbPTP1a + NbMPK7 abolished the plant immunity to P. infestans caused by NbPTP1a silencing, indicating that PTP1a functions upstream of NbMPK4 and NbMPK7. StMKK1 requires StPTP1a to negatively regulate SA‐related immunity and StPTP1a is phosphorylated and stabilized during immune activation to promote the de‐phosphorylation of StMPK4 and −7. Our results reveal that potato StMKK1 activates and stabilizes the tyrosine phosphatase StPTP1a that in its turn de‐phosphorylates StMPK4 and −7, thereby repressing plant SA‐related immunity.
Delusions of parasitosis and delusions of parasitosis by proxy in a mother and her children
Authors: Kalra Kisha , Whittington Carli P. , Sevey Whitney , Hunt Elizabeth , Metz James B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDelusions of parasitosis by proxy is an uncommon entity wherein an individual projects a delusional belief onto another person who lacks capacity to hold the same belief. We report a case of delusions of parasitosis by proxy in a mother who believed that she was infested with scabies and projected her fixed, delusional belief of scabies infestation onto her children. She subjected her children to numerous home remedies and medical treatments as well as removing them from school in an effort to cure them of the supposed infestation. Child maltreatment can be a concern in such cases with a low threshold for involving child protective services if harm to the children is suspected.
Utilization of SARS‐CoV‐2‐Positive donors in pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Pizzo Helen , Soni Priya R. , Nadipuram Santhosh , Garrison Jonathan , Jordan Stanley C. , Puliyanda Dechu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs COVID‐19‐positive donors are becoming more common, there is an increasing need for the transplant community to evaluate the safety and efficacy of organ transplant from a SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected donor.MethodsHere we describe outcomes of two pediatric kidney transplant recipients who were vaccinated against COVID‐19 and received their allograft from a SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donor.ResultsBoth donors did not die from a COVID‐19‐related illness; the first donor had 1 week of COVID‐19 symptoms 4 weeks prior to donation and the second was asymptomatic. Donor 1 had a Ct of 33.4 at 3 days and Donor 2 with a Ct of 37.2 at 16 days prior to donation. The first recipient was positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐spike IgG on the day of transplant, but the second patient was negative and both patients received IVIg perioperatively. There was no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission or compromised renal function at 86‐ and 80‐day post‐transplant, respectively.ConclusionsThis case series suggests favorable short‐term outcomes with accepting SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donors for pediatric renal transplantation, after thorough evaluation of the donor's risk for transmission, assessing the recipient's serologic status to SARS‐CoV‐2, and considering pre‐emptive measures to mitigate the risk for severe COVID‐19 should the recipient acquire donor‐derived SARS‐CoV‐2.
Potential distribution of the citrus Mal Secco disease in the Mediterranean basin under current and future climate conditions
Authors: Krasnov Helena , Ezra David , Bahri Bochra A. , Cacciola Santa O. , Meparishvili Galina , Migheli Quirico , Blank Lior 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution models are widely used to estimate the potential geographic distribution of species habitat. They are also used to predict the impact of climate change on species distributions. In this study, we examined the distribution of Mal Secco disease, an infective disease of citrus caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. To model the Mal Secco distribution under current and two future (2050 and 2070) climatic scenarios in the Mediterranean basin, eight climate variables were incorporated into the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. All three model distributions had high AUC values (0.97), indicating excellent performance. The precipitation during the wettest month and the minimum temperature during the coldest month contributed the most to the model. The suitable areas for the Mal Secco disease were predicted to decrease by up to 23% by the year 2070. For each of the three scenarios, the change in the proportion of suitable areas along the longitudinal (west–east) and latitudinal (south–north) geographical axes of the Mediterranean basin showed a similar trend. Our study highlights the supposition that while climate change is likely to reduce the extent of suitable areas, no range shift is expected to occur in the Mediterranean basin.
Relationship between the fear of COVID‐19 and social isolation and depression in elderly individuals
Authors: Kilic Dilek , Aslan Gülpınar , Ata Gülnaz , Bakan Ayse B. Savci 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has seriously affected elderly individuals and it has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between fear of COVID‐19, social isolation and depression in elderly individuals.MethodsThe study is a descriptive type. The sample consisted of 362 elderly people. The study data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, the Nottingham Health Profile Social Isolation Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form.ResultsIt was determined there was a positive and moderate relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and depression and social isolation, and a positive and high relationship between social isolation and depression, and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPublic health nurses, during epidemic periods, should help elderly individuals manage their fears about the disease. In addition, they should lead the practices that can sustain social participation and prevent depression in the elderly.