bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-Brain fMRI Functional Connectivity Signatures Predict Sustained Emotional Experience in Naturalistic Contexts
Authors: Xu Shuyue , Zhang Zhiguo , Li Linling , Zhou Yongjie , Lin Danyi , Zhang Li , Huang Gan , Liu Xiqin , Becker Benjamin , Liang Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDetermining and decoding emotional brain processes under ecologically valid conditions remains a key challenge in affective neuroscience. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based emotion decoding studies are mainly based on brief and isolated episodes of emotion induction, while sustained emotional experience in naturalistic environments that mirror daily life experiences are scarce. Here we use 10-minute movie clips as ecologically valid emotion-evoking procedures in n=52 individuals to explore emotion-specific fMRI functional connectivity (FC) profiles on the whole-brain level at high spatial resolution (400 atlas based parcels). Employing machine-learning based decoding and cross validation procedures allowed to develop predictive FC profiles that can accurately distinguish sustained happiness and sadness and that generalize across movies and subjects. Both functional brain network-based and subnetwork-based emotion prediction results suggest that emotion manifests as distributed representation of multiple networks, rather than a single functional network or subnetwork. Further, the results show that the Visual Network (VN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) associated functional networks, especially VN-DMN, exhibit a strong contribution to emotion prediction. To further estimate the cumulative effect of naturalistic long-term movie-based video-evoking emotions, we divide the 10-min episode into three stages: early stimulation (1 ~ 200 s), middle stimulation (201 ~ 400 s), and late stimulation (401 ~ 600 s) and examine the emotion prediction performance at different stimulation stages. We found that the late stimulation has a stronger predictive ability (accuracy=85.32%, F1-score=85.62%) compared to early and middle stimulation stages, implying that continuous exposure to emotional stimulation can lead to more intense emotions and further enhance emotion-specific distinguishable representations. The present work demonstrates that sustained sadness and happiness under naturalistic conditions are presented in emotion-specific network profiles and these expressions may play different roles in the generation and modulation of emotions. These findings elucidate the importance of network level adaptations for sustained emotional experiences during naturalistic contexts and open new venues for imaging network level contributions under naturalistic conditions.
Financial sector development, trade and income inequality: regional perspectives using evidence from macro and firm-specific data
Authors: Ashenafi Biruk Birhanu , Dong Yan 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to firstly, find out does the relationship between finance, trade and income inequality provides matching evidence using the macro- and firm-level data? Secondly, whether a causal relationship from the firm-specific data can be established.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed a panel data fixed effect regression and two-stage least square (2sls) using key instruments. Their analysis is conducted based on a sub-sample analysis that emphasizes Latin America Region (LAR), Africa (AFR) and Asia by merging South Asia, East Asia and Pacific Regions (SEAR). These areas are characterized by an unequal society represented by a mounting gini index (Robilliard, 2020; De Rosa et al. 2020). Accordingly, the authors estimated a comparable model to unfold the impact of finance and trade. Besides, the authors exploited the interaction between their predictors with labor productivity and ownership structure to claim the difference between the results using the two data sets. The effort to establish a causal relationship from the combined firm-level data challenges the current literature that leans towards either macro or micro perspectives.FindingsThe result obtained from macro-level data shows that while financial development widens income inequality, the impact of trade on income inequality is negative. However, the estimation result from the combined firm-level data portrays that the proportion of investment financed by banks and trade widens income inequality. Given the contrasting result concerning trade, the authors test whether the firm-level evidence is causal following different identification strategies. The exercise shows that the correlation presented in the paper is causal. That challenges the current literature that falls short of providing firm-specific evidence.Social implicationsThe authors adds to a growing body of literature on finance, trade and income inequality by paying due emphasis on firms from 2006 to 2020. The authors show the private sector development effect on income inequality by linking topics from the firm and country-level data.Originality/valueThe authors extend the macro-level discussion and contribute to the existing literature by offering firm-specific evidence on the relationship between finance, trade and income inequality.
Does perceived risk influence the intention to purchase second-hand clothing? A multigroup analysis of SHC consumers versus non-SHC consumers
Authors: Koay Kian Yeik , Cheah Chee Wei , Lom Hui Shan 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of perceived risk, including financial, functional, aesthetic, sanitary, psychological and social risks, on the intention to purchase second-hand clothing (SHC) between SHC consumers and non-SHC consumers based on perceived risk theory.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 290 responses were collected, with 110 from SHC consumers and 180 from non-SHC consumers. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to validate the hypotheses. Additionally, a permutation test and multigroup analysis (MGA) were performed.

Findings
The findings indicate that different types of risk have varying effects on both SHC and non-SHC consumers’ intention to purchase SHC. In particular, financial, aesthetic and social risks are found to be significant predictors of purchase intention for SHC consumers. By contrast, sanitary and psychological risks are significant predictors of purchase intention for non-SHC consumers. Furthermore, the MGA results indicate a significant difference between SHC consumers and non-SHC consumers in the relationship between financial risk, social risk and purchase intention.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of different types of risk on the intention to purchase SHC in both SHC and non-SHC consumers. The findings will provide practitioners with practical insights for developing more effective strategies to target these two distinct consumer groups.
Building health care leadership capacity in a developing country via Talent Grooming Programme (TGP): experience sharing from the Ministry of Health Malaysia
Authors: Lee Kun Yun , Ismail Munirah , Bakit Pangie , Zakaria Norhaniza , Zakaria Nursyahda , Jinah Norehan , Kamil Delina , Ibrahim Nor Hayati 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Formal structured leadership training is increasingly incorporated as a regular fixture in developed nations to produce competent leaders to ensure the provision of quality patient care. However, most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on one-off external training opportunities for selected individuals as they lack the necessary resources to implement long-term training for a wider pool of potential health care leaders. This case study shares the establishment process of the Talent Grooming Programme for technical health care professionals (TGP), a three-year in-house leadership training programme specially targeted at potential health care leaders in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study aims to share a comprehensive overview of the ideation, conceptualisation and implementation of TGP. The authors also outlined its impact from the individual and organisational perspectives, besides highlighting the lessons learned and recommendations for the way forward.

Findings
TGP set out to deliver experiential learning focusing on formal training, workplace experiences, practical reflection and mentoring by supervisors and other esteemed leaders to fulfil the five competency domains of leadership, organisational governance, communication and relationship, professional values and personal values. The successes and challenges in TGP programme delivery, post-training assessment, outcome evaluation and programme sustainability were outlined.

Practical implications
The authors’ experience in setting up TGP provided valuable learning points for other leadership development programme providers. As for any development programme, a continuous evaluation is vital to ensure its relevance and sustainability.

Originality/value
Certain aspects of TGP establishment can be referenced and modified to adapt to country-specific settings for others to develop similar leadership programme, especially those in LMICs.
Orientation estimation using vector observations with one or two components lost
Authors: Shi Gang , Shang Honglei 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Traditional algorithms require at least two complete vector observations to estimate orientation parameters. However, sensor faults and disturbances may cause some components of vector observations unavailable. This paper aims to propose algorithms to realize orientation estimation using vector observations with one or two components lost.

Design/methodology/approach
The fundamental of the proposed method is using norm equation and dot product equation to estimate the lost components, then, using an improved TRIAD to calculate attitude matrix. Specific algorithms for one and two lost components cases are constructed respectively, and the nonuniqueness of orientation estimation is analyzed from a geometric point of view. At last, experiments are performed to test the proposed algorithms.

Findings
The loss of components results in the loss of orientation information. The introduction of the norm equation and dot product equation can partially compensate for the loss of information. Experiment results and analysis show that the proposed algorithms can provide effective orientation estimation, and in vast majority of applications, the proposed algorithms can provide a unique solution in one lost component case and double solutions in two lost components case.

Originality/value
The proposed method addresses the problem of orientation estimation when one or two components of vector observations are unavailable. The introduction of the norm equation and dot product equation makes the calculation cost low, while the analyses from a geometric point of view makes the study of nonuniqueness more intuitive.
Rousseau and Emile: Learning language and teaching language
Authors: Weiler Gur Arye Adam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In Emile, Rousseau advances significant ideas about language, language learning and teaching: He posits a universal natural language that develops as the child matures; focuses on ‘private’ words invented by children, on the challenge facing children in their understanding of exceptions to general rules of the mother tongue and on recommended methods of teaching the mother tongue. The paper explores these notions, which feature at the end of Book I of Emile. It seeks to explain and interpret them as postulations regarding language, language learning and teaching and, moreover, to show how they relate to Rousseau's general principles of education.
Integrative analysis on the hitchhiking differential grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1865) (Acrididae, Orthoptera)
Authors: Kang Tae Hwa , Kim Tae Woo , Choi Deuk‐Soo , Hong Ki‐Jeong , Kim Nam Hee , Kim Sang Woong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe conducted the monitoring of hitchhiker insect pests around the port area in Korea and reported the settlement of Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1865) in Onsan Port, Ulsan, Korea. The occurrence pattern of the invasive species was determined using a line census method. Species identification was first performed with DNA barcoding, and then the DNA barcoded samples were morphologically re‐examined. Monitoring of the occurrence pattern revealed that the invasive populations of M. differentialis settled in a narrow artificial green area, and it occurred in large numbers (over 100 individuals per hour). Species identification of the invasive population using DNA barcoding indicated that the population showing high intraspecific divergence from null to 3.9% was difficult to identify as a separate species. However, in morphological re‐examination, the population was clearly identified as a single species, M. differentialis. In a haplotype analysis using DNA barcodes, the population included 45 haplotypes with polymorphism at 46 nucleotide sites. On the basis of these results, we considered that M. differentialis may have invaded into Onsan Port, Ulsan, Korea. Therefore, we provided the biological traits of the grasshopper for risk assessment and suggested the necessity of monitoring and controlling the dispersal of M. differentialis into the inlands of Korea in the early stages.
Rohingya refugees in the pandemic: Crisis and policy responses
Authors: Hossain Mallik Akram , Ullah A. K. M. Ahsan , Mohiuddin Md. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a lack of policy attention has exacerbated the extreme circumstances faced by the Rohingya and how they can contribute to deterioration of their health, livelihood, and education, as well as their repatriation to their homeland. This article is based on data collected from field observations and interviews prior to and during the pandemic. This study confirms that the Rohingya refugee populations endure a higher level of suffering from lack of food security and livelihood, lack of basic amenities and financial resources, and accommodation is overcrowded compared with the pre‐pandemic period. The lack of a specific policy for the Rohingya has compounded the current situation in Bangladesh. This research is crucial for countries receiving refugees as well as the countries from which they flee and other actors.
How Economic Informality Constrains Demand for Programmatic Policy
Authors: Gottlieb Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe majority of economic actors in the developing world participate in the informal sector, and yet little is known about the political implications of this constituency. I argue that, particularly in weak‐state democracies, economic informality constrains the rise of programmatic politics. An uncertain, undocumented, and irregular economic relationship with the state conveys signals about the state that affect citizens’ demand for and ability to coordinate on programmatic policy. Novel survey evidence from urban Senegal illustrates that greater irregularity is associated with weaker perceptions of tax compliance, lower expectations of government, and weaker coordination capacity and that informality is associated with weaker programmatic demands. Experimentally providing information about a salutary fiscal policy causes some informal sector members to positively update expectations about government performance and electoral coordination capacity. Field experiments in two other African democracies increase confidence in the proposition that informality inhibits the formation of a constituency for programmatic politics.
Computed tomographic colonography for symptomatic patients: the diminutive polyp dilemma
Authors: Hadjittofi Christopher , Sharma Vivek , Bhatt Dhaara , Rifai Tamam , Williams Stuart , Shaikh Irshad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomographic colonography (CTC) is sensitive to polyp detection but is considered inaccurate for measuring diminutive polyps (<6 mm), with divergence between CTC and either colonoscopic or histopathological polyp measurements. Reporting diminutive polyps remains debatable. This study aims to compare outcomes of symptomatic patients with diminutive versus borderline polyps on CTC and to thereby examine the potential implication of reporting diminutive polyps.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study of symptomatic patients who underwent CTC from October 2016 through September 2018 was performed. After excluding CTC demonstrating cancer, no polyps, or polyps >6 mm, cases were categorized as either ‘diminutive’ (largest polyp <6 mm), or ‘borderline’ (largest polyp = 6 mm). The outcome measures were progression to endoscopy, surgery, procedure‐related morbidity, dysplasia and malignancy.ResultsA total of 308 cases (211 diminutive and 97 borderline) were analysed. The groups were similar (P > 0.05) in mean age (73 vs. 74 years), female proportion (57% vs. 49%), endoscopy‐related morbidity (6% vs. 7%) and CTC‐related morbidity (0 vs. 1%). Most patients (64%) underwent endoscopy, which was more common in the borderline vs. the diminutive group (76% vs. 59%; P = 0.003). Dysplasia was more common in the borderline vs. the diminutive group (69% vs. 48%; P = 0.003). No malignancies were diagnosed, and no patients proceeded to surgery.ConclusionReporting diminutive polyps on CTC for symptomatic patients frequently leads to endoscopy, which often reveals dysplasia but rarely malignancy. This raises the question of how referring clinicians can best counsel and manage symptomatic patients with diminutive polyps on CTC, by considering the balance between utilitarianism and deontology.
Validation of a novel birth simulator for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: An observational simulation study
Authors: Cornthwaite Katie , Draycott Tim , Winter Cathy , Lenguerrand Erik , Hewitt Pauline , Bahl Rachna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionImpacted fetal head (IFH) is a challenging complication of cesarean section (CS) associated with significant morbidity. Training opportunities for IFH have been reported as inconsistent and inadequate. This study assessed the validity of a novel birth simulator for IFH at cesarean section.Material and methodsObstetricians and midwives collaborated with model‐making company, Limbs & Things (UK), to modify the original PROMPT Flex® simulator and develop a new “Enhanced CS Module” for IFH at cesarean section. Changes included addition of a retractable uterus and restricted pelvic inlet, and the fetal mannequin was modified to allow accurate limb articulation and flexion at the waist. Obstetricians and midwives from three maternity units in Southwest England were individually recorded, each undertaking three simulated scenarios of IFH at cesarean section. Obstetricians were asked to deliver the fetal head and midwives, to perform a vaginal push‐up. Participants completed a questionnaire on realism (face validity) and usefulness for training (content validity) with five‐point Likert scale responses. Construct validity was assessed by testing an a priori hypothesis that “experts” (consultant obstetricians with >7 years' experience) would be more likely to achieve delivery than “novices” (registrars with <7 years' experience). Performance variables were compared between groups using Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U‐tests.ResultsIn all, 105 simulated scenarios were undertaken by 35 obstetricians and midwives. A range of techniques were employed to deliver the IFH including change of hand, vaginal disimpaction and reverse breech extraction. Overall, 86% (30/35) described the model as fairly (4)/very realistic (5) (median = 4, interquartile range [IQR] = 4–5). The model was considered fairly (4)/very useful (5) for training by 97% (34/35; median = 5; IQR = 5–5). Experts delivered the fetal head in all simulations (36/36) and novices delivered the head in 76.9% (30/39) (p = 0.002). Experts delivered the fetal head 58% quicker than novices (median = 66.8 s, IQR = 53–86 vs median = 104 s, IQR = 67.7–137).ConclusionsThis novel birth trainer realistically simulates IFH at cesarean section and allows rehearsal of all disimpaction techniques. It was reported to be very useful for training and distinguishes between novice and expert obstetricians. Techniques for IFH are difficult to learn experientially. Simulation is likely to provide an effective and safe form of training.
High incidence of poor in‐hospital outcomes of term newborns with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy admitted at a regional referral hospital in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Mwatonoka Joyce F. , Jumanne Shakilu , Nyundo Azan , Kruger Carsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimHypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths and neurological impairment with the highest impact in resource‐limited settings. This study aimed to determine the incidence of poor in‐hospital outcomes and related factors among newborns with HIE in Tanzania.MethodsA prospective observational study in which 170 newborns with HIE (diagnosed using the Thompson clinical score) were followed from 1 September 2020 to 28 February 2021 at the neonatal ward of Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital in Dodoma, central Tanzania, until discharge or death. Clinical parameters were recorded. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with adverse outcomes.ResultsOut of 170 newborns, 44.7% (76/170) had poor outcomes (death 27.1% (46/170); neurological deficits 17.6% (30/170)). Severe HIE (Thompson score > 14) (p < 0.0001), history of aspiration (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.170, 8.014], p = 0.0226) and 5th‐min APGAR of <7 (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI [1.133, 7.310], p = 0.0262) were associated with mortality. Severe HIE, delivery at other facilities (AOR = 3.106 CI [1.158, 8.332], p = 0.0244) and abnormal heart rate (<100 or ≥160 beats/min) on admission (AOR = 3.469 [1.200, 10.030], p = 0.0216) predicted neurological impairment at discharge.ConclusionHypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy is associated with a high incidence of poor outcomes in resource‐limited settings. To improve outcomes newborns with severe HIE, history of aspiration, referred from other facilities, 5th‐min APGAR score of <7 and abnormal heart rate need improved quality of neonatal care.
Limited genetic differentiation of Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos in Parque National Soberanía, Panama: Implications for queen dispersal
Authors: Cardenas Cody Raul , Mularo Andrew J. , Chavez Andreas S. , Adams Rachelle M. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coevolutionary relationship between fungus‐growing ants (Formicidae: Attini: Attina) and their symbionts has been well studied in the Panamanian rain forests. To further understand the ecological context of these evolutionary relationships, we have examined the population‐genetic structure of the fungus‐growing ant species Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos Cardenas, Schultz, Adams 2021 in the Panama Canal Zone. We specifically investigated the presence of population structure, the significance of geographic features (i.e., creeks) limiting gene flow, and relatedness between ant colonies. To accomplish this, we genotyped 85 ant colonies from nine creeks across an approximately 30 km transect in Parque National Soberanía, Panama, using double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing. We did not find distinct population structure using two genetic clustering methods; however, we did detect an effect of isolation by distance. Furthermore, related colonies were frequently detected on the same creek or neighboring creeks, and some at further geographic distances. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that new colonies tend to establish on natal creeks and occasionally on distant creeks following long‐distance dispersal events. We discuss how population‐genetic patterns reveal the natural history of M. mikromelanos in Parque National Soberanía and how these results fit into the context of fungus‐growing ant mutualisms.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.