bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with sickness absence and work ability
Authors: Kolu P , Raitanen J , Sievänen H , Tokola K , Vähä-Ypyä H , Nieminen E , Vasankari T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical activity may sustain the physical aspect of work ability despite health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders and anxiety, which are the most prevalent work-related health problem in Europe.

Aims
To evaluate the association of Finnish municipal workers’ accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness with their sickness absence levels, perceived work ability and health-related quality of life.

Methods
In connection with a randomized controlled trial recruiting 185 municipal workers, the authors performed baseline data analysis utilizing quantile regression to examine relationships between the outcome variables (all-cause sickness absence for 6 months, perceived work ability and health-related quality of life) and cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. All results were adjusted for age, sex and education level.

Results
The median duration of all-cause sickness absence over the preceding 6 months was lowest among participants with high cardiorespiratory fitness relative to the lowest tertile (2.0 versus 6.0 days; P &lt; 0.05), and the highest perceived work ability was found among those with high or moderate cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to the lowest tertile (8.0 versus 7.0; P &lt; 0.001). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity correlated positively with the physical component of health-related quality of life (P &lt; 0.01) and with a high cardiorespiratory-fitness level (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
High cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with decreased all-cause sickness absence days and improved work ability among municipal workers.
Building Professional Capability
Authors: American Association for the Advancement of Science  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The professional preparation of new teachers concentrates on getting them ready to teach certain subjects and grades in the existing curriculum, not on how to go about changing the curriculum they have inherited (let alone learning of the need to do so). Consequently, professional development of employed teachers tends to focus on improving their content background and instructional techniques. Similarly, the preparation of school administrators focuses largely on matters of school management, with little attention paid to the details of curriculum design. If school districts are to achieve curriculum reform, therefore, it is essential that they build a professional capability for undertaking curriculum change. This chapter suggests how school districts can make headway in developing such a capability while at the same time beginning to make substantial improvements in some aspects of the curriculum itself. It calls upon educators in school districts to raise their collective level of science literacy, to become knowledgeable about the science, mathematics, and technology learning goals appropriate for all students, and to familiarize themselves with what is reliably known about student learning related to those goals. The chapter also calls for educators to increase their ability to make sound judgments about the quality of curriculum materials and to employ a variety of different curriculum formats that have particular instructional advantages. Building professional capability for curriculum improvement in a school district calls for teachers to acquire certain knowledge and skills regarding science itself, how it is represented in literacy goals, how students learn challenging ideas, and how materials for instruction and assessment serve students’ learning. It does not follow, however, that every teacher and administrator in a school district must attain the same level of expertise in every one of these matters. If one thinks of the faculty as a large team of professionals engaged in a shared endeavor, then it is the collective capability that counts—as long as there is sufficient collaboration among the members of the team. Teamwork is not common enough in the area of curriculum reform, but it is an aspect of professionalism that can be learned, if there is a will to do so.
Unburdening the Curriculum
Authors: American Association for the Advancement of Science  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Time in school for teaching and learning is not limitless. Yet many textbooks and course syllabi seem to assume otherwise. They include a great abundance of topics, many of which are treated in superficial detail and employ technical language that far exceeds most students’ understanding. And even as new content is added to the curriculum— little is ever subtracted—students are being asked to learn with greater depth. Rarely is more time made available for accomplishing this. Coverage almost always wins out over student understanding, quantity takes precedence over quality. Many decades of overload have shaped curriculum, textbooks, tests, and teacher expectations into an industry of superficiality. Many teachers know, or at least suspect, how little their students understand, but do not know how to transform the system. Lengthening the school day and year and reducing the number of different subjects students study are obvious though apparently unpopular remedies for the mismatch between curricular time and content, but in any event would not by themselves solve the problem. Another remedy sometimes proposed is to move concepts lower in the grade sequence, thereby leaving time free in high school for students to learn better what they study. That would be a tenable ambition if high-school students were learning those ideas well now. Because they are not, however, it is no more than wishful thinking to believe that younger children will be able to learn what older children apparently do not. Improvements in teaching methods and curriculum design may eventually make it possible for students to learn more than they do now, hour for hour, but the current and critical need is for them to acquire at least some important knowledge and skills better, even at the price of covering fewer topics overall. This chapter describes four strategies aimed at reallocating time—time to focus on understanding important facts, principles, and applications in science, mathematics, and technology, not time to enable still more material to be superficially covered. The underlying purpose is to realize a better cost-to-benefit ratio, using time and resources in ways that will maximize students’ eventual science literacy.
Mg–Fe Isotopes Link the Geochemical Complexity of the Coldwell Complex, Midcontinent Rift to Metasomatic Processes in the Mantle
Authors: Brzozowski Matthew J , Good David J , Yan Weihao , Wu Changzhi , An Shichao , Li Weiqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mafic intrusions in the Coldwell Complex have previously been interpreted as forming from a metasomatized mantle source. To build upon our understanding of this metasomatism, the Mg–Fe isotope compositions of these rocks have been determined, and variations are assessed with respect to the magmatic processes that could have occurred at different stages of their formation. The mineralized Marathon Series (δ26Mg = −0.28‰ to −0.19‰), associated metabasalt (δ26Mg = −0.24‰ to −0.23‰), and the Geordie Lake gabbro (δ26Mg = −0.31‰ to −0.22‰) are characterized by δ26Mg values that are within the range of mantle values, whereas the unmineralized Layered Series (δ26Mg = −0.2‰ to −0.05‰) is heavier than mantle. In contrast, the δ56Fe values of all the Coldwell basaltic–gabbroic rocks (δ56Fe = 0.07 ± 0.08‰) are heavier than mantle but within the range of terrestrial basalts and mafic–ultramafic layered intrusions. We propose that the Mg–Fe isotope compositions of these rocks was not significantly modified by processes such as partial melting or garnet retention/fractionation in the mantle, fractional crystallization, or contamination during ascent through the crust, as the isotope values do not correlate with proxies for these processes (e.g. La/Sm and La/Yb, Gd/Yb, MgO–CaO–TiO2, and Th/Nb and Th/La, respectively). Their isotope compositions are, therefore, proposed to reflect the compositions of their metasomatized mantle sources. We conclude that metasomatism was not caused by a carbonate melt, subduction-altered oceanic crust and sediments, or an evolved silicate melt, as these processes generate light δ26Mg, variably fractionated δ56Fe, and heavy δ56Fe values, respectively, which are not observed in our dataset for the Coldwell Complex. The agent that metasomatized the mantle beneath the Coldwell Complex was likely slab-derived fluids characterized by isotopically heavy δ26Mg and basaltic δ56Fe values. This scenario can account for the lack of Fe isotope fractionation from basaltic values in all of the Coldwell rocks. The variably heavier δ26Mg of the Layered Series (−0.20 ± 0.01‰ to −0.05 ± 0.05‰) relative to the mantle (−0.25 ± 0.07‰) suggests that the magmas for the Coldwell rocks were derived by tapping of an isotopically heterogeneous mantle source that had undergone variable degrees of metasomatism. The distinctive geochemistry of mafic sequences in the Coldwell and numerous mafic dykes located in the northeast shoulder of the Midcontinent Rift suggests the presence of a variably metasomatized mantle source beneath a large area of the rift.
The Domestic Impact of International Shaming
Authors: Koliev Faradj , Page Douglas , Tallberg Jonas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDo international shaming efforts affect citizens’ support for government policies? While it is a frequent claim in the literature that shaming works through domestic politics, we know little about how and when international criticism affects domestic public opinion. We address this question through an originally designed survey experiment in Sweden, which (i) compares the effects of international shaming in two issue areas—human rights and climate change, and (ii) tests whether government responses to criticism moderate the impact of shaming. Our main findings are fourfold. First, we find substantial effects of international shaming on domestic public opinion. These effects hold across both issue areas and irrespective of whether citizens support government parties or not. Second, human rights shaming has a stronger impact on citizens’ support for government policies than climate shaming. Third, shaming is most effective among citizens who are more supportive of climate action, human rights, and international cooperation. Finally, our findings are mixed with respect to the effect of government responses. While government responses do not moderate the effects of human rights shaming, they seem to mitigate the effects of climate shaming.
The footprint of a metrics-based research evaluation system on Spain’s philosophical scholarship: An analysis of researchers’ perceptions
Authors: Feenstra Ramón A , Delgado López-Cózar Emilio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of bibliometric indicators in research evaluation has a series of complex impacts on academic inquiry. These systems have gradually spread into a wide range of locations and disciplines, including the humanities. The aim of this study is to examine their effects as perceived by philosophy and ethics researchers in Spain, a country where bibliometric indicators have long been used to evaluate research. The study uses a mixed approach combining quantitative and qualitative data from a self-administered questionnaire completed by 201 researchers and from 14 in-depth interviews with researchers selected according to their affiliation, professional category, gender, and area of knowledge. Results show that the evaluation system is widely perceived to affect university researchers in significant ways, particularly related to publication habits (document type and publication language), the transformation of research agendas and the neglect of teaching work, as well as increasing research misconduct and negatively affecting mental health. Although to a lesser extent, other consequences included increased research productivity and enhanced transparency and impartiality in academic selection processes.
Urinary CD163 is a marker of active kidney disease in childhood-onset lupus nephritis
Authors: Inthavong Haleigh , Vanarsa Kamala , Castillo Jessica , Hicks M John , Mohan Chandra , Wenderfer Scott E 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of urine CD163 for detecting disease activity in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) patients.MethodsSixty consecutive pediatric patients fulfilling four or more ACR criteria for SLE and 20 healthy controls were recruited for testing of urinary CD163 using ELISA. SLE disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI-2K.ResultsUrine CD163 was significantly higher in patients with active LN than inactive SLE patients and healthy controls, with receiver operating characteristics area under the curve values ranging from 0.93 to 0.96. LN was ascertained by kidney biopsy. Levels of CD163 significantly correlated with the SLEDAI, renal SLEDAI, urinary protein excretion and C3 complement levels. Urine CD163 was also associated with high renal pathology activity index and chronicity index, correlating strongly with interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis based on the examination of concurrent kidney biopsies.ConclusionUrine CD163 emerges as a promising marker for identifying cSLE patients with active kidney disease. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate the clinical utility of urine CD163 in tracking kidney disease activity in children with lupus.
Novel welfare state responses in times of crises: the COVID-19 crisis versus the Great Recession
Authors: O’Donoghue Cathal , Sologon Denisa M , Kyzyma Iryna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing microsimulation tools, we explore the social policy responses to the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis, and their impact on preserving living standards in Ireland. During the Great Recession, the focus was on cost reduction. By contrast, during the COVID-19 crisis, the focus was on mitigating the impact on household incomes. In addition, an innovation in joint public and private responses emerged through social partnership. We find a stronger policy response during the COVID-19 crisis than the Great Recession. The COVID-19 crisis was more rapid, leaving more individuals out of work, thus family support was weaker. This was compensated by stronger private support through social partnership. Consequently, those with lower incomes had larger disposable incomes at the onset of the crisis; an effect that reduced with policy learning. We find increasing trust in public institutions during the COVID-19 crisis as opposed to a decline during the Great Recession.
Healthcare Use and Case Characteristics of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Authors: Hornor Gail , Hollar Jessica , Landers Timothy , Sherfield Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The overall goal of this study was to provide further information about the characteristics of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) victims by comparing the characteristics of a known victim pool to high-risk patients identified. The specific objectives of this study were to describe patient demographic characteristics, pediatric healthcare use, familial psychosocial characteristics, and child sexual abuse case characteristics present in youth identified as high risk for CSEC victimization compared with a sample of known victims.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients presenting to the emergency department or Child Advocacy Center for a concern of sexual abuse/assault at a midwestern U.S. academic pediatric medical center. Adolescents aged 12–21 years were included in the study.

Results
In the current study, multiple CSEC risk factors were noted to increase odds for CSEC victimization: homelessness or life on the streets, runaway behavior, living with mother only, placement in a juvenile detention center, placement in a residential treatment center or group home, and number of living arrangements (four or greater). Multiple elements of high-risk sexual behavior increased odds of CSEC victimization: legally age-inappropriate sex, gonorrhea diagnosis, trichomonas diagnosis, other sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses, number of STIs, and chlamydia diagnosis.

Discussion
These findings suggest that age of sexual partners and number and types of STIs are associated with CSEC and should be validated in other groups. In addition, these data suggest that use of cocaine and opiates could serve as an important, yet underrecognized, risk factor.
Utility of Narrow-band Imaging Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Endobronchial Sarcoidosis
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Bal Amanjit , Muthu Valliappan , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Gupta Nalini , Ram Babu , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There are few reports on the utility of bronchoscopic narrow-band imaging (NBI) for visualizing endobronchial abnormalities in sarcoidosis. Our primary objective was to compare the sensitivity of finding endobronchial abnormality using NBI versus white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in patients with sarcoidosis. The secondary aim was to evaluate the sensitivity of NBI in diagnosing endobronchial sarcoidosis against a reference standard of positive endobronchial biopsy (EBB).

Methods:
We retrospectively included subjects with sarcoidosis, where we sequentially recorded WLB and NBI videos to visualize the endobronchial mucosa. We collected data on the demographic findings, sarcoidosis stage, and the histopathological findings of transbronchial needle aspiration, EBB, and transbronchial lung biopsy. Three experienced bronchoscopists viewed the video recordings and noted the abnormalities of the airway mucosa separately on WLB and NBI.

Results:
We included 28 subjects (mean age, 42.9 y; 53.6% men; 14 each, stages 1 and 2) with a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Granulomas were detected on EBB in 11 (39.3%) subjects. We identified endobronchial nodules in 10 and 15 subjects on WLB and NBI. The sensitivity of finding endobronchial abnormality using WLB and NBI was 35.7% (10/28) and 53.6% (15/28), respectively (χ2=1.77, df=1, P=0.18). The sensitivity of NBI in diagnosing endobronchial sarcoidosis against a positive EBB was 63.6% (7/11 subjects). There was excellent agreement (Κ=0.86) for detecting nodules on NBI among the 3 observers.

Conclusion:
NBI might allow the identification of additional abnormalities not detected on WLB in sarcoidosis. Larger studies are required to confirm our observations.
Impact of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor on Subjective and Objective Audiovestibular Function
Authors: Hansen Jonathan Olsgård , West Niels Cramer , Cayé-Thomasen Per 
Published: August 2022

Objective
This study reports subjective and objective audiovestibular function in patients diagnosed with an endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST), to evaluate the clinical implication of vestibular testing in ELST patients.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary referral center/university hospital.

Patients
Five patients diagnosed with unilateral ELST.

Intervention
Subjective and objective audiovestibular tests; pure-tone average; speech discrimination score; the Video Head Impulse Test; the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential test; the caloric irrigation test; the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Main Outcome Measure
Findings and characteristics of both subjective and objective audiovestibular functions.

Results
The mean pure-tone average and the mean speech discrimination score were 49 dB HL and 68% on the tumor ear and 13 dB HL and 99% contralaterally. The mean Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale score was 84, and the mean Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score was 64. Caloric testing showed a mean unilateral weakness of 80%. The Video Head Impulse Test of the lateral semicircular canal revealed refixation saccades on all tumor ears and an average gain value of 0.75 on the tumor ear versus 0.94 contralaterally. No cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were elicited on the tumor side, whereas all but one was elicited contralaterally. The average Dizziness Handicap Inventory score was 47.

Conclusion
A characteristic pattern of abnormal caloric findings, refixation saccades, and normal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain alongside sensorineural hearing loss on the tumor ear was identified. Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss in any patient should lead to objective vestibular evaluation to strengthen not only a targeted tumor surveillance strategy and the indication for imaging, but also the design of vestibular rehabilitation. In addition, vestibular findings may guide the choice of surgical approach.
Impact of Demographics and Clinical Features on Initial Treatment Pathway for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Harvey Erin , Stark Katarina , Friedland David R. , Adams Jazzmyne A. , Harris Michael S. , Tong Ling , Osinksi Kristen , Luo Jake 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To identify demographic and clinical features impacting initial treatment pathway for vestibular schwannoma.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary care academic medical center.

Patients
Patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma between 2009 and 2019.

Interventions
Observation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microsurgical resection.

Main Outcome Measures
χ2 Test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression were used to correlate demographic and clinical factors with initial treatment pathway for 197 newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma patients.

Results
Among 197 patients, 93 (47%) were initially treated with observation, 60 (30%) with stereotactic radiation (Gamma Knife) and 44 (22%) with surgical resection. Age univariately had no statistically significant impact on initial pathway, but those undergoing surgery trended toward a younger demographic (49.1 yr [surgery] versus 57.2 yr [observation] versus 59.0 yr [Gamma Knife]). Men were more likely to be initially observed than women (p = 0.04). Patients initially observed were more likely to have a lower Koos classification (p < 0.001) and have better tumor-ear hearing (p = 0.03). Only 34.4% of patients living outside the local geographic region were initially observed compared with 53.0% living locally (p = 0.055). Surgeon correlated with initial treatment (p = 0.04) but did not maintain significance when adjusting for hearing level or tumor size. A multiple linear regression model found age, maximum tumor diameter, and Koos class to correlate with initial treatment pathway (p < 0.0001, r
2 = 0.42).

Conclusion
Initial treatment pathway for newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma is impacted by demographic factors such as age, sex, and geographic proximity to the medical center. Clinical features including hearing level and tumor size also correlated with initial treatment modality.