bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Legacies: Realising the Potential of the Rothamsted Long-Term Agricultural Experiments
Authors: Ostler Richard , Castells Nathalie , Glendining Margaret , Perryman Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLong-term agricultural experiments are used to test the effects of different farm management practices on agricultural systems over time. The time-series data from these experiments is well suited to understanding factors affecting soil health and sustainable crop production and can play an important role for addressing the food security and environmental challenges facing society from climate change. The data from these experiments is unique and irreplaceable. We know from the Rothamsted experience that the datasets available are valued assets that can be used to address multiple scientific questions, and the reuse and impact of the data can be increased by making the data accessible to the wider community. However, to do this requires active data stewardship. Long-term experiments are also available as research infrastructures, meaning external researchers can generate new datasets, additional to the routine data collected for an experiment. The publication of the FAIR data principles has provided an opportunity for us to re-evaluate what active data stewardship means for realising the potential of the data from our long-term experiments. In this paper we discuss our approach to FAIR data adoption, and the challenges for refactoring and describing existing legacy data and defining meaningful linkages between datasets.
Virtual Internationalization as a Concept for Campus-Based and Online and Distance Higher Education
Authors: Bruhn-Zass Elisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe concept of Virtual Internationalization systematizes the many possible uses of digital technology in the internationalization of higher education. It is rooted in a comprehensive understanding of internationalization that encompasses the entire institution. Virtual Internationalization includes, but is not limited to, curricular concepts such as virtual mobility, virtual exchange, and virtual study abroad. Beyond the curriculum, it also involves the internationalization of management and administration, academic and teaching staff, and the role of digital technology in physical student mobility, international partnerships, collaboration, and transnational education. Moreover, Virtual Internationalization systematically integrates online and distance education. Study programs that are offered fully online or at a distance are thus brought out of the blind spot of internationalization.
Figuring Out Exposure: Exploring Computational Environments and Personalisation in Interdisciplinary Air Pollution Research
Authors: Garnett Emma , Bhatnagar Srishti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAir pollution is often understood through a composition of different kinds of data that increasingly include personal exposure measurements. This chapter is based on our involvement in an interdisciplinary project in Delhi that is combining computational methods and embodied data to simultaneously map, know and respond to air pollution. We use the concept and method of figure, and specifically the figure of ‘the child with asthma’, to explore the tensions that emerge when participants are both objects (sensing bodies that measure air pollution) and subjects (knowing bodies that experience and respond to environmental exposures) of research. This dynamic relationship allows for different ways of figuring out exposure in public health, and thereby possibilities for approaching personalisation that go beyond individualised notions of risk and harm.
Figure to Ground: Felicity Allen Interviewed by Celia Lury
Authors: Allen Felicity , Lury Celia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this interview, the artist Felicity Allen discusses her residency as part of the research project People Like You: Contemporary Figures of Personalisation, which included the making of the film Figure to Ground—A Site Losing Its System. The interview locates the film in relation to Allen’s ongoing practice of Dialogic Portraits and considers the notion of the figure in relation to three meanings of site: the site as in a specific site and its parallel ‘non-sites’ as elucidated by the US sculptor Robert Smithson; the site as the commonly foreshortened term for a website; and sight.
Engines, Puppets, Promises: The Figurations of Configuration Management
Authors: Spencer Matt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the kinds of agency imputed to machines by the tradition of IT configuration management. While it is rarely examined by social or cultural studies of technology, IT configuration management is of profound importance in the story of cloud computing and recent paradigms of information security. Like infrastructure studies, configuration management took shape in relation to the pragmatics of managing “heterogeneous distributed computing” in the 1990s, and shares with Susan Leigh Star’s early work a concern with the problem of coordination in distributed systems. Given an obsession with figurative imagery in configuration management’s self-descriptions (engines, puppets, conductors, chefs, promises), I ask whether we can detect a shift here in how human-machine relations are figured, from one of control to one of stewardship.
Figuring Molecular Relapse in Breast Cancer Medicine
Authors: Viney William , Day Sophie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe wanted to learn about new ways of diagnosing and treating cancers that are associated with what in the UK is called ‘personalised medicine’. We followed the work of one scientific team who use samples to develop ‘liquid biopsies’, extracting and tracking circulating tumour DNA. We propose this ‘personalised’ monitoring involves the figuration of disease. Using the terms developed by Erich Auerbach (1938; 1946), we suggest that personalised tracking may establish serial, figure-fulfilment relationships, connecting events and persons. We show how the development of liquid biopsies in oncology involves multiple figures in pictorial, numerical, and conceptual forms. Using serial liquid biopsies, patients can be stratified into sub-groups but also into figures of personalisation.
Pion spectral properties above the chiral crossover of QCD
Authors: Lowdon Peter , Philipsen Owe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spectral functions encode a wealth of information about the dynamics of any given system, and the determination of their non-perturbative characteristics is a long-standing problem in quantum field theory. Whilst numerical simulations of lattice QCD provide ample data for various Euclidean correlation functions, the inversion required to extract spectral functions is an ill-posed problem. In this work, we pursue previously established constraints imposed by field locality at finite temperature T, namely that spectral functions possess a non-perturbative representation which generalises the well-known Källén-Lehmann spectral form to T > 0. Using this representation, we analyse lattice QCD data of the spatial pseudo-scalar correlator in the temperature range 220–960 MeV, and obtain an analytic expression for the corresponding spectral function, with parameters fixed by the data. From the structure of this spectral function we find evidence for the existence of a distinct pion state above the chiral pseudo-critical temperature Tpc, and contributions from its first excitation, which gradually melt as the temperature increases. As a non-trivial test, we find that the extracted spectral function reproduces the corresponding temporal lattice correlator data for T = 220 MeV.
Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in a deep oligomictic lake under climate change
Authors: Dresti Claudia , Rogora Michela , Fenocchi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is a fundamental metric to describe climate-related alterations in deep lakes. Increasing water temperatures enhance thermal stratification, leading in temperate basins to a growing isolation of deep waters. This leads to the depletion of hypolimnetic DO, which adds up to limited nutrient circulation and restricted replenishment of the trophogenic layers. With vanishing convective mixing, it is commonly believed that the only source of hypolimnetic DO replenishment will be represented by deep intrusions of cold oxygenated waters from the tributaries. In this study, we first analyse the 1993–2020 long-term observed trends of DO concentrations in the subalpine deep oligomictic Lake Maggiore (Italy/Switzerland). Then, through an algorithm calculating daily intrusion depths and mass discharges of DO for the major tributaries, we show that deep insertions are suppressed for increasing winter water temperatures and residual thermal stratification. Turbulent entrainment is proved fundamental for DO replenishment, leading to mass discharges of DO released into the deep hypolimnion up to more than two orders of magnitude larger than the original ones from the tributaries. Last, we discuss the results of simulations made through a one-dimensional coupled ecological–hydrodynamic model about the possible effects of a full turnover on DO concentrations in the deep hypolimnion. Two cases are displayed, with the turnover taking place either now or with an anoxic hypolimnion deriving from decades of isolation due to severe climate warming. Through this study, climate warming is shown to be a fundamental driver of DO in Lake Maggiore, its depletion harming both water quality and the ecosystem.
Artificial intelligence fracture recognition on computed tomography: review of literature and recommendations
Authors: Dankelman Lente H. M. , Schilstra Sanne , IJpma Frank F. A. , Doornberg Job N. , Colaris Joost W. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Prijs Jasper ,   On Behalf of Machine Learning Consortium, Algra Paul , van den Bekerom Michel , Bhandari Mohit , Bongers Michiel , Court-Brown Charles , Bulstra Anne-Eva , Buijze Geert , Bzovsky Sofia , Colaris Joost , Chen Neil , Doornberg Job , Duckworth Andrew , Goslings J. Carel , Gordon Max , Gravesteijn Benjamin , Groot Olivier , Guyatt Gordon , Hendrickx Laurent , Hintermann Beat , Hofstee Dirk-Jan , IJpma Frank , Jaarsma Ruurd , Janssen Stein , Jeray Kyle , Jutte Paul , Karhade Aditya , Keijser Lucien , Kerkhoffs Gino , Langerhuizen David , Lans Jonathan , Mallee Wouter , Moran Matthew , McQueen Margaret , Mulders Marjolein , Nelissen Rob , Obdeijn Miryam , Oberai Tarandeep , Olczak Jakub , Oosterhoff Jacobien H. F. , Petrisor Brad , Poolman Rudolf , Prijs Jasper , Ring David , Tornetta Paul , Sanders David , Schwab Joseph , Schemitsch Emil H. , Schep Niels , Schipper Inger , Schoolmeesters Bram , Schwab Joseph , Swiontkowski Marc , Sprague Sheila , Steyerberg Ewout , Stirler Vincent , Tornetta Paul , Walter Stephen D. , Walenkamp Monique , Wijffels Mathieu , Laane Charlotte 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The use of computed tomography (CT) in fractures is time consuming, challenging and suffers from poor inter-surgeon reliability. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), may overcome shortcomings and reduce clinical burdens to detect and classify fractures. The aim of this review was to summarize literature on CNNs for the detection and classification of fractures on CT scans, focusing on its accuracy and to evaluate the beneficial role in daily practice.

Methods
Literature search was performed according to the PRISMA statement, and Embase, Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies were eligible when the use of AI for the detection of fractures on CT scans was described. Quality assessment was done with a modified version of the methodologic index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS), with a seven-item checklist. Performance of AI was defined as accuracy, F1-score and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Of the 1140 identified studies, 17 were included. Accuracy ranged from 69 to 99%, the F1-score ranged from 0.35 to 0.94 and the AUC, ranging from 0.77 to 0.95. Based on ten studies, CNN showed a similar or improved diagnostic accuracy in addition to clinical evaluation only.

Conclusions
CNNs are applicable for the detection and classification fractures on CT scans. This can improve automated and clinician-aided diagnostics. Further research should focus on the additional value of CNN used for CT scans in daily clinics.
Secular trend for increasing birthweight in offspring of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: is improved placentation the reason?
Authors: Desoye Gernot , Ringholm Lene , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , van Poppel Mireille N. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite enormous progress in managing blood glucose levels, pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes still carries risks for the growing fetus. While, previously, fetal undergrowth was not uncommon in these women, with improved maternal glycaemic control we now see an increased prevalence of fetal overgrowth. Besides short-term implications, offspring of women with type 1 diabetes are more likely to become obese and to develop diabetes and features of the metabolic syndrome. Here, we argue that the increase in birthweight is paradoxically related to improved glycaemic control in the pre- and periconceptional periods. Good glycaemic control reduces the prevalence of microangiopathy and improves placentation in early pregnancy, which may lead to unimpeded fetal nutrition. Even mild maternal hyperglycaemia may then later result in fetal overnutrition. This notion is supported by circumstantial evidence that lower HbA1c levels as well as increases in markers of placental size and function in early pregnancy are associated with large-for-gestational age neonates. We also emphasise that neonates with normal birthweight can have excessive fat deposition. This may occur when poor placentation leads to initial fetal undergrowth, followed by fetal overnutrition due to maternal hyperglycaemia. Thus, the complex interaction of glucose levels during different periods of pregnancy ultimately determines the risk of adiposity, which can occur in fetuses with both normal and elevated birthweight. Prevention of fetal adiposity calls for revised goal setting to enable pregnant women to maintain blood glucose levels that are closer to normal. This could be supported by continuous glucose monitoring throughout pregnancy and appropriate maternal gestational weight gain. Future research should consider the measurement of adiposity in neonates.
Graphical abstract
Conditional inference and bias reduction for partial effects estimation of fixed-effects logit models
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Pigini Claudia , Valentini Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a multiple-step procedure to compute average partial effects (APEs) for fixed-effects static and dynamic logit models estimated by (pseudo) conditional maximum likelihood. As individual effects are eliminated by conditioning on suitable sufficient statistics, we propose evaluating the APEs at the maximum likelihood estimates for the unobserved heterogeneity, along with the fixed-Tconsistent estimator of the slope parameters, and then reducing the induced bias in the APEs by an analytical correction. The proposed estimator has bias of order$$O(T^{-2})$$O(T-2), it performs well in finite samples and, when the dynamic logit model is considered, better than alternative plug-in strategies based on bias-corrected estimates for the slopes, especially in panels with shortT. We provide a real data application based on labour supply of married women.
PPP–RTK theory for varying transmitter frequencies with satellite and terrestrial positioning applications
Authors: Teunissen P. J. G. , Khodabandeh A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we generalize PPP–RTK theory by allowing the transmitters to transmit on different frequencies. The generalization is based on the integer-estimability theory of Teunissen (A new GLONASS FDMA model. GPS Solutions, 2019). As the theory and associated algorithms provided are generally applicable, they apply to satellite-based carrier-phase positioning as well as to terrestrial interferometric sensory networks. Based on an identification of the constraints imposed on the admissible ambiguity transformations by PPP–RTK, a fundamental network+user condition is found that determines whether PPP–RTK is possible or not. The discriminating contributions of both the network and user observation equations to this PPP–RTK condition are analysed, followed by a description of PPP–RTK enabling classes of measurement scenarios.
Tn6553, a Tn7-family transposon encoding putative iron uptake functions found in Acinetobacter
Authors: Hamidian Mehrad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that has become difficult to eradicate mainly because of its high level of antibiotic resistance. Other features that contribute to this organism's success are the ability to compete for nutrients and iron. Recently, several novel Tn7-family transposons that encode synthesis and transport of siderophore and iron uptake systems were characterised. Here, another Tn7-type transposon (named Tn6553) is described. Tn6553 contains a set of iron utilisation genes with a transposition module related to Tn7. Tn7-family transposons that carry iron uptake systems facilitate the spread of these functions in Acinetobacter strains. Given that Tn7 is known to transpose efficiently into its preferred target site, finding siderophore functions on Tn7 family transposons is important in the context of dissemination of virulence genes amongst Acinetobacter strains.
The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Gutierrez Arnold , Harvey Eric L. , Creehan Kevin M. , Taffe Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Adolescents represent a vulnerable group due to increased experimentation with illicit substances that is often associated with the adolescent period, and because adolescent drug use can result in long-term effects that differ from those caused by drug use initiated during adulthood.

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception, and anxiety-like behavior during adulthood in female and male Wistar rats.

Methods
Rats were exposed twice daily to 30 min of heroin vapor from post-natal day (PND) 36 to PND 45. At 12 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was assessed across a range of temperatures with a warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and activity was measured in an open-field arena. Starting at 23 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was re-assessed, nociception was determined after acute heroin or naloxone injection, and anxiety-like behavior was redetermined in the EPM.

Results
Adolescent heroin inhalation altered baseline thermal nociception in female rats at 12 weeks of age and in both female and male rats at ~ 23 weeks. Heroin-treated animals exhibited anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze, showed blunted heroin-induced analgesia, but exhibited no effect on naloxone-induced hyperalgesia.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence produces behavioral and physiological consequences in rats that persist well into adulthood.
Oral mannitol for bowel preparation: a dose-finding phase II study
Authors: Spada Cristiano , Fiori Giancarla , Uebel Peter , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Cesaro Paola , Grazioli Leonardo Minelli , Soru Pietro , Bravi Ivana , Hinkel Carsten , Prada Alberto , Di Paolo Dhanai , Zimmermann Tim , Manes Gianpiero , Valats Jean Christophe , Jakobs Ralf , Elli Luca , Carnovali Marino , Ciprandi Giorgio , Radaelli Franco , Vecchi Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Successful bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy depends on the instructions, diet, the laxative product, and patient adherence, which all affect colonoscopy quality. Nevertheless, there are no laxatives which combine effectiveness, safety, easy self-administration, good patient acceptance, and low cost. However, mannitol, a sugar alcohol, could be an attractive candidate for use in clinical practice if it is shown to demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety.

Aims
The present phase II dose-finding study compared three doses of mannitol (50, 100, and 150 g) to identify the best dose to be used in a subsequent phase III study.

Methods
The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, caecal intubation rate, adherence, acceptability, and safety profile, including measurement of potentially dangerous colonic gas concentrations (CH4, H2, O2), were considered in all patients. A weighted algorithm was used to identify the best mannitol dose for use in the subsequent study.

Results
The per-protocol population included 60 patients in the 50 g group, 54 in the 100 g group, and 49 in the 150 g group. The 100 g dose was the best as it afforded optimal colon cleansing efficacy (94.4% of patients had adequate BP), adherence, acceptability, and safety, including negligible gas concentrations.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that the colon cleansing efficacy and safety of mannitol were dose dependent. Conversely, gas concentrations were not dose dependent and negligible in all patients. Combined evaluation of efficacy, tolerability, and safety, using a weighted algorithm, determined that mannitol 100 g was the best dose for the phase III study.
Production and characterisation of modularly deuterated UBE2D1–Ub conjugate by small angle neutron and X-ray scattering
Authors: Pietras Zuzanna , Duff Anthony P. , Morad Vivian , Wood Kathleen , Jeffries Cy M. , Sunnerhagen Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis structural study exploits the possibility to use modular protein deuteration to facilitate the study of ubiquitin signalling, transfer, and modification. A protein conjugation reaction is used to combine protonated E2 enzyme with deuterated ubiquitin for small angle X-ray and neutron scattering with neutron contrast variation. The combined biomolecules stay as a monodisperse system during data collection in both protonated and deuterated buffers indicating long stability of the E2–Ub conjugate. With multiphase ab initio shape restoration and rigid body modelling, we reconstructed the shape of a E2–Ub-conjugated complex of UBE2D1 linked to ubiquitin via an isopeptide bond. Solution X-ray and neutron scattering data for this E2–Ub conjugate in the absence of E3 jointly indicate an ensemble of open and backbent states, with a preference for the latter in solution. The approach of combining protonated and labelled proteins can be used for solution studies to assess localization and movement of ubiquitin and could be widely applied to modular Ub systems in general.