bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commissioning results from the high-repetition rate nanosecond-kilojoule laser beamline at the extreme light infrastructure
Authors: Condamine F P , Jourdain N , Kramer D , Trojek P , Gintrand A , Fauvel G , Pandikian P , Bartoníček J , Friedman G , Havlík M , Hernandez J-C , Hubáček J , Laštovička T , Orna V , Renner O , Rubovič P , Rus B , Singh R L , Vyhlídka Š , Weber S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-power laser–matter interaction and the related high-energy density physics (HEDP) are two important topics in modern physics. However, for decades, a very restrictive limitation prevents researchers from studying these topics efficiently: nanosecond-kilojoule class lasers are typically characterized by a low repetition rate (

≈

1 shot h−1) that restricts the data acquisition and limits the available statistics for analysis. Here, we describe the first results obtained using the high-repetition rate nanosecond-kilojoule (L4n laser beamline) experimental platform commissioned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure—Beamlines. We proved the capability to deliver hundreds of joules shots every three min with a very good repeatability. Using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy, we studied highly resolved spectra of H-like and He-like Cl lines emitted from polyvinyl chloride targets and demonstrated that the plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) derived from the measured spectra are consistent with hydro-simulations. These results demonstrate the fulfillment of the designed platform performance which should become one of the most important assets for the HEDP community in the following decades.
Generation of isolated intense vortex laser with transverse angular momentum
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Lingang , Shen Baifei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A scheme is proposed to explore the generation of isolated intense vortex laser pulse with transverse angular momentum (AM), which implies that the total AM is non-collinear with the propagation direction. When two non-collinear vortex beams impinge on a solid thin target symmetrically on the same side, the generated harmonics containing the contributions of the two input pulses are emitted from the target at a predicted angle. The longitudinal AM of the harmonics can be predicted from the AM conservation regarding the photons involved in the high-harmonic generation process. The asymmetry of the energy flux in the vertical direction is confirmed as the transverse AM generation source. As an example, the related phenomenon of the fourth order harmonic has been well confirmed by theoretical analysis and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
Study on the Influencing Factors of Modal Transformation of Continuous Rotating Detonation Wave Propagation
Authors: Shu Chen , Lin Wei , Yan Chenglong , Shi Qiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to study the propagation mode of rotating detonation wave, the detailed reaction mechanism of hydrogen-oxygen with 9 components and 19 steps is used, and the finite rate chemical reaction model is used for numerical calculation. After ignition, there is a stable collision period in the flow field for a certain period, and the collision extinguishing and new detonation wave generation occur during the mode conversion. By adding nitrogen or argon to the hydrogen-oxygen mixture for dilution, when the dilution ratio increases, the activity of the gas mixture decreases, the height of the combustible gas layer increases, and the temperature of the combustion product after the detonation wave decreases away from the head of the detonation wave, which will reduce the mixture that is burned in advance. There are different degrees of reflected shock at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the upward detonation wave will cause the height change of the detonation wave head and the instability of the flow.
Design of a Foldable Solar Panel with Radial and Circumferential Folding Motion
Authors: He Jiaxuan , He Zeqi , Hu Cexiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on designing a foldable solar panel that can be folded both circumferentially and radially simultaneously. Most of the existing foldable solar panels have only one movement mode when folded. In contrast, the solar panel designed in this paper has two different movement modes when folded, which has the advantage of further reducing the area of the solar panel when it is fully folded. In this paper, the solar panel can achieve circumferential motion based on the motion principle of the folding fan, and the solar panel can achieve radial motion based on the principle of the slider mechanism. Then the two separate motions are unified by improving the scissors-like element structure. In addition, this paper adopts SolidWorks modeling, CAXA drawing, and calculation to prove the normal operation of the structure. Finally, the control variable method is used to analyze the structural skeleton's radial and circumferential folding capacity. The critical parameter α2 (the central angle when the structure is fully unfolded) is obtained, affecting the mechanism's contracting capacity. When α2 increases, the radial contraction ability of the structure first increases and then decreases, and the circumferential folding ability of the structure continues to increase. At the same time, the radial and circumferential shrinkage capabilities of the structure and the layout of the solar panel are comprehensively considered, and the value of α2 is obtained when the folding ratio is as small as possible.
Numerical Calculation of Added Mass of Stratospheric Airship with X-Shaped Tail
Authors: Shi Sheng-zhe , Jiang Ting , Wang Fan , Zheng Xiao-long 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For solving added mass of stratospheric airship, take the method of planar motion mechanism numerical simulation, calculate main diagonal added mass of standard ellipsoid model, and then calculate main diagonal added mass and other coupling added mass of stratospheric airship with X-shaped tail. Error between calculated value and theoretical value is 2.94%~4.29%, that validates the method is feasible and effective; stratospheric airship added mass is expressed by matrix. Comparison with wind tunnel test, the calculation error of stratospheric airship with X-shaped tail added mass λ55 and λ66 are -25.8% and -19.7%. The result shows that the method of planar motion mechanism numerical simulation can solve added mass matrix of arbitrary shape stratospheric airship, not just main diagonal added mass; Compared with the added mass on the main diagonal, the coupling added mass at other positions is small.
In vitro model to study confined osteocyte networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli
Authors: Zhang Kairui , Ogando Courtney , Filip Alex , Zhang Teng , Horton Jason A , Soman Pranav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Osteocytes are considered the primary mechanical sensor in bone tissue and orchestrate the coupled bone remodeling activity of adjacent osteoblast and osteoclast cells. In vivo investigation of mechanically induced signal propagation through networks of interconnected osteocytes is confounded by their confinement within the mineralized bone matrix, which cannot be modeled in conventional culture systems. In this study, we developed a new model that mimics this in vivo confinement using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel or GelMA mineralized using osteoblast-like model cells. This model also enables real-time optical examination of osteocyte calcium (Ca2+) signaling dynamics in response to fluid shear stimuli cultured under confined conditions. Using this system, we discovered several distinct and previously undescribed patterns of Ca2+ responses that vary across networks of interconnected osteocytes as a function of space, time and connectivity. Heterogeneity in Ca2+ signaling may provide new insights into bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading. Overall, such a model can be extended to study signaling dynamics within cell networks exposed to flow-induced mechanical stimuli under confined conditions.
A novel single-step anodization approach for pani-doping oxide surfaces to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium implants
Authors: Ali A , Chowdhury S , Janorkar A V , Marquart M , Griggs J A , Bumgardner J D , Roach M D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Crystalline titanium oxides have shown photocatalytic activity (PCA) and the formation of antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated with UV light. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has shown antibacterial effects. Previously, titanium oxides have been PANI-doped using a multi-step approach. In the present study, we compared PANI-doped specimens produced with a two-step method (ACV), to PANI-doped specimens produced by a novel single-step direct anodization (AAn) method, and a control group of anodized un-doped specimens. The surface morphology, oxide crystallinity, surface elemental composition, surface roughness, surface wettability, oxide adhesion, corrosion resistance, PCA, and ROS generation of each oxide group were evaluated. All groups exhibited mixed anatase and rutile phase oxides. The AAn group revealed less anatase and rutile, but more PANI-surface coverage. The AAn group exhibited significantly increased PCA after 60 min of direct UVA illumination compared to the ACV group, despite containing lower amounts of anatase and rutile. The ACV and AAn groups showed significant increases in ROS production after 4 h UVA illumination while the control group showed similar ROS production. These findings suggested that PANI doping using the novel direct anodization technique significantly improved PCA even for oxides containing less crystallinity. The S. aureus attachment response to each oxide group was also compared under UVA pre-illumination, UVA direct illumination, and no illumination (dark) lighting conditions. Although no significant differences were shown in the bacterial response, both PANI-doped groups exhibited less average bacterial attachment compared to the control group. The response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells to each oxide group was evaluated using MTT and live/dead assays, and no evidence of cytotoxicity was found. Since many, if not most, titanium implant devices are routinely anodized as a part of the manufacturing processes, these study findings are applicable to a wide variety of implant applications.
Instability of the standing waves for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in one dimension
Authors: Wu Yifei 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation

∂

t
t

u
−
Δ
u
+
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
1

u
,

t
∈

R

,

x
∈

R

d

,

\begin{align*} \partial _{tt}u-\Delta u+u=|u|^{p-1}u,\qquad t\in \mathbb {R},\ x\in \mathbb {R}^d, \end{align*}

with

1
>
p
>
1
+

4
d

1>p> 1+\frac {4}{d}

. The equation has the standing wave solutions

u
ω

=

e

i
ω
t

ϕ

ω

u_\omega =e^{i\omega t}\phi _{\omega }

with the frequency

ω
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

\omega \in (-1,1)

, where

ϕ

ω

\phi _{\omega }

is the solution of

−
Δ
ϕ
+
(
1
−

ω
2

)
ϕ
−

ϕ
p

=
0.

\begin{align*} -\Delta \phi +(1-\omega ^2)\phi -\phi ^p=0. \end{align*}

It was proved by Shatah [Comm. Math. Phys. 91 (1983), pp. 313–327], and Shatah-Strauss [Comm. Math. Phys. 100 (1985), pp. 173–190] that there exists a critical frequency

ω
c

∈
(
0
,
1
)

\omega _c\in (0,1)

such that the standing waves solution

u
ω

u_\omega

is orbitally stable when

ω
c

>

|

ω

|

>
1

\omega _c>|\omega |>1

, and orbitally unstable when

|

ω

|

>

ω
c

|\omega |>\omega _c

. Furthermore, the strong instability for the critical frequency

|

ω

|

=

ω
c

|\omega |=\omega _c

in the high dimensions

d
≥
2

d\ge 2

was proved by Ohta-Todorova [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38 (2007), pp. 1912–1931]. In this paper, we settle the only remaining problem when

|

ω

|

=

ω
c

|\omega |=\omega _c

,

p
>
1

p> 1

, and

d
=
1

d=1

, in which case we prove that the standing wave solution

u
ω

u_\omega

is orbitally unstable.
A highly contiguous genome assembly of red perilla (Perilla frutescens) domesticated in Japan
Authors: Tamura Keita , Sakamoto Mika , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Mochizuki Takako , Matsushita Shuji , Kato Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Okuhara Keisuke , Nakamura Yasukazu , Bono Hidemasa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is an important herbal plant with hundreds of bioactive chemicals, among which perillaldehyde and rosmarinic acid are the two major bioactive compounds in the plant. The leaves of red perilla are used as traditional Kampo medicine or food ingredients. However, the medicinal and nutritional uses of this plant could be improved by enhancing the production of valuable metabolites through the manipulation of key enzymes or regulatory genes using genome editing technology. Here, we generated a high-quality genome assembly of red perilla domesticated in Japan. A near-complete chromosome-level assembly of P. frutescens was generated contigs with N50 of 41.5 Mb from PacBio HiFi reads. 99.2% of the assembly was anchored into 20 pseudochromosomes, among which seven pseudochromosomes consisted of one contig, while the rest consisted of less than six contigs. Gene annotation and prediction of the sequences successfully predicted 86,258 gene models, including 76,825 protein-coding genes. Further analysis showed that potential targets of genome editing for the engineering of anthocyanin pathways in P. frutescens are located on the late-stage pathways. Overall, our genome assembly could serve as a valuable reference for selecting target genes for genome editing of P. frutescens.
Monitoring Agriculture Policy at the WTO: Insights from a New Quantitative Database
Authors: Jackson Lee Ann , Maggi Federica , Piermartini Roberta , Rubínová Stela 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we build a quantitative database of the questions raised in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Committee on Agriculture (CoA) matching questions with the corresponding value of trade. Using this newly built database, we are able to show that (i) members’ concerns about trade policy measures applied by other members cover on average 16% of global trade in agriculture; (ii) the activity of the committee increases in the aftermath of a new agreement, during a food crisis and has shifted over time from questions about market access (MA) policies to questions on domestic support, thus pointing at the need to further cooperation on some of these issues; (iii) 20% of the questions relate to trade policy measures that have not been notified at the WTO, thus representing a significant source of information for researchers to fill the gaps in notifications; and (iv) there is a strong correlation between members participation in the CoA and their share of trade in agriculture, yet questions on seeds, oils and animal fats, cereals, and beverages are well above what one would expect on the basis of the trade importance of these sectors. These findings illustrate the importance of building quantitative databases from the information collected in WTO committees to analyse trends in trade policy concerns by members and factors affecting these trends and to assess the impact of discussions in committees on trade.
New pulse profile variability associated with a glitch of PSR J0738-4042
Authors: Zhou S Q , Gügercinoğlu E , Yuan J P , Ge M Y , Yu C , Zhang C M , Zhang J , Feng Z W , Ye C Q 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The close correlation observed between emission state and spin-down rate change of pulsars has many implications both for the magnetospheric physics and the neutron star interior. The middle-aged pulsar PSR J0738-4042, which had been observed to display variations in the pulse profile associated with its spin-down rate change due to external effects, is a remarkable example. In this study, based on the 12.5 yr combined public timing data from UTMOST and Parkes, we have detected a new emission-rotation correlation in PSR J0738-4042 concurrent with a glitch. A glitch that occurred at MJD 57359 (5) (2015 December 3) with Δν/ν ∼ 0.36(4) × 10−9 is the first glitch event observed in this pulsar, and is probably the underlying cause of the emission-rotation correlation. Unlike the usual post-glitch behaviours, the braking torque on the pulsar has continued to increase over 1380 d, corresponding to a significant decrease in $\ddot{\nu }$. As for changes in the pulse profile after the glitch, the relative amplitude of the leading component weakens drastically, while the middle component becomes stronger. A combined model of crustquake induced platelet movement and vortex creep response is invoked to account for this rare correlation. In this scenario, magnetospheric state-change is naturally linked to the pulsar-intrinsic processes that give rise to a glitch.
Estimating optimum launch velocity of electrostatically detached dust particles over sunlit locations on Moon
Authors: Mishra S K , Bhatt A 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Microscopic fluctuations over sunlit locations on Moon due to dominant photoelectric charging might induce a sufficient fluctuating electric field that can electrostatically detach the overlying charged dust by overcoming surface adhesion and lunar gravity. A formulation based on the dynamical evolution of the statistical variables, viz., the mean charge and the variance, at microscopic scale is established to calculate the local charge and electric field fluctuations and illustrate this effect. The formulation has been coupled with the charged particle dynamics to derive the optimum launch velocity of the dust particles near the surface just after detachment. Fowler's treatment of the photoemission, dominant Extreme Ultraviolet Lyman α radiation of the solar spectrum and subsequent collection of the emitted photoelectrons, measured particle size distribution of the regolith sample, and typical solar wind plasma have been consistently accounted for illustrating the concept. Our analysis suggests that the intense fluctuations in the electric field locally detach the submicron-charged particles with a launch velocity of a few ms−1–for instance, the charge fluctuations might induce ∼ 10 Mv m−1 field that can launch 100 nm particles with a speed of ∼5 m s−1.
Inner cusps of the first dark matter haloes: formation and survival in a cosmological context
Authors: Delos M Sten , White Simon D M 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We use very high resolution cosmological zoom simulations to follow the early evolution of 12 first-generation haloes formed from gaussian initial conditions with scale-free power spectra truncated on small scales by a gaussian in wavenumber. Initial collapse occurs with a diverse range of sheet- or filament-like caustic morphologies, but in almost all cases it gives rise to a numerically converged density cusp with ρ = Ar−3/2 and total mass comparable to that of the corresponding peak in the initial linear density field. The constant A can be estimated to within about 10 per cent from the properties of this peak. This outcome agrees with earlier work on the first haloes in cold and warm dark matter universes. Within central cusps, the velocity dispersion is close to isotropic, and the equidensity surfaces tend to align with those of the main body of the halo at larger radii. As haloes grow, their cusps are often (but not always) overlaid with additional material at intermediate radii to produce profiles more similar to the Einasto or Navarro–Frenk–White forms typical of more massive haloes. Nevertheless, to the extent that we can resolve them, cusps survive at the smallest radii. Major mergers can disturb them, but the effect is quite weak in the cases that we study. The cusps extend down to the resolution limits of our simulations, which are typically a factor of several larger than the cores that would be produced by phase-space conservation if the initial power spectrum cutoff arises from free streaming.
Modeling the Evolution of Rates of Continuous Trait Evolution
Authors: Martin Bruce S , Bradburd Gideon S , Harmon Luke J , Weber Marjorie G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rates of phenotypic evolution vary markedly across the tree of life, from the accelerated evolution apparent in adaptive radiations to the remarkable evolutionary stasis exhibited by so-called “living fossils.” Such rate variation has important consequences for large-scale evolutionary dynamics, generating vast disparities in phenotypic diversity across space, time, and taxa. Despite this, most methods for estimating trait evolution rates assume rates vary deterministically with respect to some variable of interest or change infrequently during a clade’s history. These assumptions may cause underfitting of trait evolution models and mislead hypothesis testing. Here, we develop a new trait evolution model that allows rates to vary gradually and stochastically across a clade. Further, we extend this model to accommodate generally decreasing or increasing rates over time, allowing for flexible modeling of “early/late bursts” of trait evolution. We implement a Bayesian method, termed “evolving rates” (evorates for short), to efficiently fit this model to comparative data. Through simulation, we demonstrate that evorates can reliably infer both how and in which lineages trait evolution rates varied during a clade’s history. We apply this method to body size evolution in cetaceans, recovering substantial support for an overall slowdown in body size evolution over time with recent bursts among some oceanic dolphins and relative stasis among beaked whales of the genus Mesoplodon. These results unify and expand on previous research, demonstrating the empirical utility of evorates. [cetacea; macroevolution; comparative methods; phenotypic diversity; disparity; early burst; late burst]
Complete Genome Sequence ofPythium oligandrum, Isolated from Rhizosphere Soils of ChineseAngelica sinensis
Authors: Zhu Ying , Shan Xiaoliang , Zhou Jianping , Zhen Qun , Song Jie , Yuan Zhilin , Zhao Hongwei , Wang Zhiye 
Published: November 2022

Most of the Pythium species are pathogenic to a wide range of economically important crops and, sometimes, can even cause diseases in animals and humans. An exception is that the soil-inhabiting P. oligandrum is an effective biocontrol agent against a diverse suite of pathogens and promotes plant growth. In this work, we sequenced the whole genome of P. oligandrum PO-1, isolated from rhizosphere soils of Chinese Angelica sinensis, using a combination of long-read single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (Pacific Biosciences [PacBio]) and Illumina sequencing. The 2.5-Gb and 5.2-Gb bases were generated respectively. The sequencing depths were 93× with PacBio and 145× with Illumina sequencing. With the PacBio sequencing results further corrected by Illumina sequencing, the genome was assembled into 71 scaffolds with a total size of 39.10 Mb (N50= 1.45 Mb; L50= 9)and the longest scaffold is 3.49 Mb. Genome annotation identifies 15,632 protein-coding genes and 0.47 Mb of transposable elements. Our genomic assembly and annotation have been greatly improved compared with the already released three genomes of P. oligandrum. This genomic data will provide valuable information to understand the mechanism underlying its biocontrol potentials and will also facilitate the dissection of genome evolution and environmental adaptation within the genus Pythium.[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.