bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian View on the Dr. Evil Scenario
Authors: Azhar Feraz , Guth Alan H. , Namjoo Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Defeating Dr. Evil with Self-Locating Belief, Adam Elga proposes and defends a principle of indifference for self-locating beliefs: if an individual is confident that his world contains more than one individual who is in a state subjectively indistinguishable from his own, then he should assign equal credences to the hypotheses that he is any one of these individuals. Through a sequence of thought experiments, Elga in effect claims that he can derive the credence function that should apply in such situations, thus justifying his principle of indifference. Here we argue, using a Bayesian approach, that Elga’s reasoning is circular: in analyzing the third of his thought experiments, he uses an assertion that is justifiable only if one assumes, from the start, the principle of indifference that he is attempting to justify. We agree with Elga that the assumption of equal credences is a very reasonable principle, in the absence of any reason to assign unequal credences, but we do not agree that the equality of credences can be so derived.
Punctures and p-Spin Curves from Matrix Models III. $$D_l$$ Type and Logarithmic Potential
Authors: Hikami Shinobu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe intersection numbers forpspin curves of the moduli space$$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$$M¯g,nare considered for$$D_l$$Dltype by a matrix model. The asymptotic behavior of the large genusglimit and largeplimit are derived. The remarkable features of the cases of$$p= \frac{1}{2}, - \frac{1}{2}, -2, -3$$p=12,-12,-2,-3are examined in the Laurent expansion for multiple correlation functions. The strong coupling expansions for the negativepcases are considered.
Can nitrogen input mapping from aerial imagery improve nitrous oxide emissions estimates from grazed grassland?
Authors: Maire Juliette , Gibson-Poole Simon , Cowan Nicholas , Krol Dominika , Somers Cathal , Reay Dave S. , Skiba Ute , Rees Robert M. , Lanigan Gary J. , Richards Karl G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost nitrogen (N) lost to the environment from grazed grassland is produced as a result of N excreted by livestock, released in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilisation. In addition to the N fertiliser applied, excreta deposited by grazing livestock constitute a heterogeneous excess of N, creating spatial hotspots of N losses. This study presents a yearlong N2O emissions map from a typical intensively managed temperate grassland, grazed periodically by a dairy herd. The excreta deposition mapping was undertaken using high-resolution RGB images captured with a remotely piloted aircraft system combined with N2O emissions measurements using closed statics chambers. The annual N2O emissions were estimated to be 3.36 ± 0.30 kg N2O–N ha−1 after a total N applied from fertiliser and excreta of 608 ± 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Emissions of N2O were 1.9, 3.6 and 4.4 times lower than that estimated using the default IPCC 2019, 2006 or country-specific emission factors, respectively. The spatial distribution and size of excreta deposits was non-uniform, and in each grazing period, an average of 15.1% of the field was covered by urine patches and 1.0% by dung deposits. Some areas of the field repeatedly received urine deposits, accounting for an estimated total of 2410 kg N ha−1. The method reported in this study can provide better estimates of how management practices can mitigate N2O emissions, to develop more efficient selective approaches to fertiliser application, targeted nitrification inhibitor application and improvements in the current N2O inventory estimation.
Modelling geographical variations in fertility and population density of Italian and foreign populations at the local scale: a spatial Durbin approach for Italy (2002–2018)
Authors: Benassi Federico , Carella Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies on fertility determinants have frequently pointed to the role that socio-economic, cultural and institutional factors play in shaping reproductive behaviours. Yet, little is known about these determinants at an ecological level, although it is widely recognised that demographic dynamics strongly interact with ecosystems. This research responds to the need to enhance the knowledge on variations in fertility across space with an analysis of the relationship between fertility and population density of Italians and foreigners in Italy at the municipal level for the period 2002–2018. Using global and local autocorrelation measures and a spatial Durbin model, we show that there is a negative association between the fertility and population density of the Italian population, while the density of foreigners is correlated with higher fertility. This second result poses new insights on the relationship between space and fertility. Moreover, we find that the features of neighbouring areas, measured by population density, contribute significantly to explaining spatial fertility variation, confirming the importance of the study of spatial diffusion in demographic processes.
ATP, an attractive target for the treatment of refractory chronic cough
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Sykes Dominic L. , Sadofsky Laura R. , Morice Alyn H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic cough is the most common complaint in respiratory clinics. Most of them have identifiable causes and some may respond to common disease-modifying therapies. However, there are many patients whose cough lacks effective aetiologically targeted treatments or remains unexplained after thorough assessments, which have been described as refractory chronic cough. Current treatments for refractory chronic cough are limited and often accompanied by intolerable side effects such as sedation. In recent years, various in-depth researches into the pathogenesis of chronic cough have led to an explosion in the development of drugs for the treatment of refractory chronic cough. There has been considerable progress in the underlying mechanisms of chronic cough targeting ATP, and ongoing or completed clinical studies have confirmed the promising antitussive efficacy of P2X3 antagonists for refractory cough. Herein, we review the foundation on which ATP target was developed as potential antitussive medications and provide an update on current clinical progresses.
Orchard Networks are Trees with Additional Horizontal Arcs
Authors: van Iersel Leo , Janssen Remie , Jones Mark , Murakami Yukihiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhylogenetic networks are used in biology to represent evolutionary histories. The class of orchard phylogenetic networks was recently introduced for their computational benefits, without any biological justification. Here, we show that orchard networks can be interpreted as trees with additionalhorizontalarcs. Therefore, they are closely related to tree-based networks, where the difference is that in tree-based networks the additional arcs do not need to be horizontal. Then, we use this new characterization to show that the space of orchard networks on nleaves with kreticulations is connected under the rNNI rearrangement move with diameter$$O(kn+n\log (n))$$O(kn+nlog(n)).
Voice bots on the frontline: Voice-based interfaces enhance flow-like consumer experiences & boost service outcomes
Authors: Zierau Naim , Hildebrand Christian , Bergner Anouk , Busquet Francesc , Schmitt Anuschka , Marco Leimeister Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVoice-based interfaces provide new opportunities for firms to interact with consumers along the customer journey. The current work demonstrates across four studies that voice-based (as opposed to text-based) interfaces promote more flow-like user experiences, resulting in more positively-valenced service experiences, and ultimately more favorable behavioral firm outcomes (i.e., contract renewal, conversion rates, and consumer sentiment). Moreover, we also provide evidence for two important boundary conditions that reduce such flow-like user experiences in voice-based interfaces (i.e., semantic disfluency and the amount of conversational turns). The findings of this research highlight how fundamental theories of human communication can be harnessed to create more experiential service experiences with positive downstream consequences for consumers and firms. These findings have important practical implications for firms that aim at leveraging the potential of voice-based interfaces to improve consumers’ service experiences and the theory-driven “conversational design” of voice-based interfaces.
Glycan Epitope and Integrin Expression Dynamics Characterize Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Thomas Ria , Menon Vishal , Mani Rakesh , Pruszak Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe neural crest gives rise to progeny as diverse as peripheral neurons, myelinating cells, cranial muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, and melanocytes. Neural crest derivation encompasses complex morphological change, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration to the eventual target locations throughout the body. Neural crest cultures derived from stem cells provide an attractive source for developmental studies in human model systems, of immediate biomedical relevance for neurocristopathies, neural cancer biology and regenerative medicine, if only appropriate markers for lineage and cell type definition and quality control criteria were available. Implementing a defined, scalable protocol to generate neural crest cells from embryonic stem cells, we identify stage-defining cluster-of-differentiation (CD) surface markers during human neural crest development in vitro. Acquisition of increasingly mesenchymal phenotype was characterized by absence of neuroepithelial stemness markers (CD15, CD133, CD49f) and by decrease of CD57 and CD24. Increased per-cell-expression of CD29, CD44 and CD73 correlated with established EMT markers as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. The further development towards migratory neural crest was associated with decreased CD24, CD49f (ITGA6) and CD57 (HNK1) versus an enhanced CD49d (ITGA4), CD49e (ITGA5) and CD51/CD61 (ITGAV/ITGB3) expression. Notably, a shift from CD57 to CD51/CD61 was identified as a sensitive surrogate surface indicator of EMT in neural crest in vitro development. The reported changes in glycan epitope and integrin surface expression may prove useful for elucidating neural crest stemness, EMT progression and malignancies.
Graphical Abstract
Modified and alternative Baveno VI criteria based on age for ruling out high-risk varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Zhao Lili , Wang Ting , Guo Chunxia , Zhou Li , Han Ping , Wang Chunyan , Ma Ying , Wang Jing , Gao Min , Li Jia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The Baveno VI criteria (B6C) have been recommended to screen high-risk varices (HRV) in patients with liver cirrhosis to avoid the use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Due to conservative nature of B6C and the general unavailability of transient elastography in the medical institutions, clinical application of B6C is restricted. We aimed to optimize B6C and attempted to replace the liver stiffness (LS) score with other parameters that could help patients avoid EGD.

Methods
A total of 1,188 patients with compensated cirrhosis were analyzed and divided into the training cohort (TC) and validating cohort (VC) by the split-sample method. Variables were selected to develop new criteria in the TC before verification in the VC.

Results
The parameters of age ≥ 50 years, LS, platelet count (PLT), and spleen area (SA) were independently associated with HRV. The risk of HRV was 2.39 times greater in patients over 50 years, hence alternative B6C (AB6C) and modified B6C (MB6C) criteria were built based on age. MB6C was built by adjusting the cut-off value of LS and PLT (patients aged < 50 years with PLT > 100 × 109/L and LS < 30 kPa; patients aged ≥ 50 years with a combined PLT > 125 × 109/L and LS < 20 kPa). MB6C helped avoid EGD in 310 (51.2%) patients, whereas 7 (2.3%) cases of HRV were missed. The predicting performance HRV showed no statistical difference between PLT, SA, or LS. SA was selected to replace LS and in the built AB6C (patients aged < 50 years with PLT > 100 × 109/L and SA < 55 cm2; patients aged ≥ 50 years with a combined PLT > 125 × 109/L and SA < 44 cm2). Using AB6C avoided 297 (49.1%) EGDs with a total of 8 (2.7%) cases of HRV that were missed.

Conclusions
Our novel MB6C and AB6C were stratified by age and provided excellent performance for ruling out HRV, which performed better than B6C and EB6C (expanded B6C) in helping to avoid EGD screening.

Clinical trial registration number
ChiCTR-DDD-17013845.
Structural and geochemical processes controlling the formation of Egyptian Alabaster at Wadi Mawathil area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Amin Alaa Taha Ahmed , Elkholy Darweesh Mohamed , Khamis Hossam Anwar , El-Moghny Mohamed Wageeh Abd , Zalaky Mohamed Ali El , Elmezayen Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wadi Mawathil area is characterized by the existence of carbonates, represented by “Egyptian Alabaster” (calcite alabaster) and “Bucchino” (recrystallized limestone). One of the most important geological heritage in Egypt is the Egyptian Alabaster quarries. The “Egyptian Alabaster” is considered the main economic resource in the study area and the recrystallized limestone occasionally can be quarried. Field study revealed that the study area is covered by Middle Eocene rocks represented by the “Sannur Formation” surrounded by quaternary sediments; it exhibits karst features. Detailed field and structure studies on the study area show the existence of NW–SE and NE–SW structural trends. The NW–SE fault trends are mainly striking from N25° to 55° W and dip toward NE, SW, and SSW. These fault intersections form channels for groundwater that dissolves limestone. Petrographically, these limestones show three microfacies types, namely foraminiferal biomicrite, sandy biosparite, and alabaster facies. Foraminiferal biomicrite and sandy biosparite microfacies reflect quite an open marine and shallow subtidal depositional environment, while the alabaster facies was precipitated from hydrothermal groundwaters within open fractures, cavities, or karst system. The X–ray fluorescence analysis of alabaster shows an increase in the content of some trace elements such as I, Cr, Th, W, Ag, U, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Ga, and they also show high concentrations of some REE such as Sc, Ce, and La. The major oxides show CaO with an average of 55.47% indicating calcite as a major mineral component in these karstified rocks. The geological, structural, and geochemical studies carried out on the rocks in the study area, indicated that the alabaster rocks were formed in two stages: the first one is the dissolving of limestone by thermal waters in the existence of heavy meteoric water during the rainy periods of the Pleistocene age. The second stage is the re-precipitation of the limestone in the form of “alabaster” and/or “recrystallized limestone” by calcium carbonate saturated meteoric water that percolated through the fractures and fissures of the Eocene limestone.
Copper(II) ion removal by chemically and physically modified sawdust biochar
Authors: Eleryan Ahmed , Aigbe Uyiosa O. , Ukhurebor Kingsley E. , Onyancha Robert B. , Eldeeb Tarek M. , El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Osibote Otolorin A. , Kusuma Heri S. , Darmokoesoemo Handoko , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The difference between physical activations (by sonications) and chemical activations (by ammonia) on sawdust biochar has been investigated in this study by comparing the removal of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous medium by adsorption on sawdust biochar (SD), sonicated sawdust biochar (SSD), and ammonia-modified sawdust biochar (SDA) with stirring at room temperature, pH value of 5.5–6.0, and 200 rpm. The biochar was prepared by the dehydrations of wood sawdust by reflux with sulfuric acid, and the biochar formed has been activated physically by sonications and chemically by ammonia solutions and then characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET); scanning electron microscope (SEM); thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA); and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The removal of Cu(II) ions involves 100 mL of sample volume and initial Cu(II) ion concentrations (conc) 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 mg L−1 and the biochar doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg. The maximum removal percentage of Cu(II) ions was 95.56, 96.67, and 98.33% for SD, SSD, and SDA biochars, respectively, for 50 mg L−1 Cu(II) ion initial conc and 1.0 g L−1 adsorbent dose. The correlation coefficient (R2) was used to confirm the data obtained from the isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted to the experimental data of SD, SSD, and SDA. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) of SD, SSD, and SDA are 91.74, 112.36, and 133.33 mg g−1, respectively. The degree of fitting using the non-linear isotherm models was in the sequence of Langmuir (LNR) (ideal fit) > Freundlich (FRH) > Temkin (SD and SSD) and FRH (ideal fit) > LNR > Temkin (SDA). LNR and FRH ideally described the biosorption of Cu(II) ions to SD and SSD and SDA owing to the low values of χ2 and R2 obtained using the non-linear isotherm models. The adsorption rate was well-ordered by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) rate models. Finally, chemically modified biochar with ammonia solutions (SDA) enhances the Cu(II) ions’ adsorption efficiency more than physical activations by sonications (SSD). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization analysis was studied for the removal of Cu(II) ions using SD, SSD, and SDA biochars.
Pollen columns and a wax canopy in a first nest description of Bombus (Cullumanobombus) morrisoni (Apidae)
Authors: Koch Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad , Cane James H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we describe the first reported nest of Bombus morrisoni, a species with an extensive range in the arid Intermountain Region of the Nearctic. The mature, naturally terminated nest consisted of 424 nest cells (cocoons), with 328 non-gyne cells and 94 gyne cells. The nest also had two kinds of understudied structures associated with bumble bee nests: pollen columns and a wax canopy. We found five pollen columns rising amid the cocoons. A 0.3-mm-thick wax canopy spanned over the entire nest. An estimated 40 million pollen grains were incorporated into the 19 g wax canopy, demonstrating that B. morrisoni devotes a significant amount of pollen to this non-dietary purpose. Bombus morrisoni is a species of conservation concern due to an observed reduction in their historic distribution. The data generated in our study contributes to the much-needed comparative accounts of bumble bee nesting biology and has consequential implications in supporting management and conservation decisions.
Copper nanoparticles suitable for bifunctional cholesterol oxidation reaction: harvesting energy and sensor
Authors: Espinosa-Lagunes F. I. , Cruz J. C. , Vega-Azamar R. E. , Murillo-Borbonio I. , Torres-González Julieta , Escalona-Villalpando Ricardo A. , Gurrola M. P. , Ledesma-García J. , Arriaga L. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports the performance of simple low-cost synthesized bifunctional Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) used as a catalyst for energy-harvesting applications through of a microfluidic fuel cell (µFC), and further, as cholesterol (Chol) sensor. TEM characterization of the NPs showed spheres between 4 and 10 nm, while XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the composition and preferential crystallographic plane of Cu/Cu2O. In addition, 25.26 m2 g−1 surface area was obtained, which is greater than those commercial materials. NPs showed high activity toward the cholesterol oxidation reaction when were used as a sensor, obtaining a linear interval between 0.5 and 1 mM and 850 µA mM−1 mg−1 of sensitivity and 8.9 µM limit of quantification LOQ. These values are comparable to results previously reported. Moreover, Cu/Cu2O NPs were used as anode in a µFC with 0.96 V of cell voltage and 6.5 mA cm−2 and 1.03 mW cm−2 of current and power density, respectively. This performance is the highest currently reported for cholesterol application as an alternative fuel, and the first one reported for a microfluidic fuel cell system as far as is known. Results showed that the obtained Cu-based NPs presented an excellent performance for the dual application both µFC and sensor, which has potential applications in biomedicine and as an alternative energy source.
Disordered eating and the meat-avoidance spectrum: a systematic review and clinical implications
Authors: McLean Courtney P. , Kulkarni Jayashri , Sharp Gemma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Meat avoidance has long been thought to be related to eating psychopathology; however, research does not necessarily support this notion. Furthermore, commonly used eating disorder scales may be picking up on normal meat-avoiding behaviours in vegetarians and vegans. As such, we systematically reviewed the association between vegetarianism, veganism, and disordered eating, and reviewed the psychometric properties of eating disorder scales for use in these populations.

Methods
We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL for literature published until June 2021.

Results
Forty-eight studies met eligibility criteria, with no consensus as to whether meat avoidance was associated with higher rates of disordered eating. Most studies reported a significant positive association with both vegetarianism and veganism, and orthorexia nervosa. Six studies provided evidence for the use of eating disorder measures in vegetarians and vegans, reporting poor psychometric fit among all scales.

Conclusion
This systematic review highlights the extent to which vegetarians and vegans have been highly understudied, with limited research suggesting higher levels of orthorexia nervosa behaviours in vegetarians and vegans. Furthermore, our results provide tentative evidence that the factorial validity of commonly used eating disorder scales, such as the EDE-Q, may be poor in vegans.

Level of evidence
Level I, systematic review.
Pressure and heat treatment of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics produced by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Handwerker Michael , Wellnitz Jörg , Marzbani Hormoz , Tetzlaff Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFused filament fabrication allows for the additive manufacturing of complex geometries without requiring moulds. However, due to large air voids and poor layer adhesion, the mechanical properties of parts manufactured using fused filament fabrication lag behind those of parts manufactured using conventional techniques. A previous study found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of such parts could be increased by a heat-treatment process. However, large air voids were still present after annealing. This study, therefore, investigates the influence of a post-pressure-treatment process on the mechanical performance and the air void ratio of continuous glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 in the directions perpendicular to the fibres. Without the treatment, Young’s modulus on the plane parallel to the printing bed is eight times higher than Young’s modulus perpendicular to it. Annealing at 1 MPa homogenises the material and leads to a significant increase of both the tensile strength (55 MPa) and Young’s modulus (5 GPa). Increasing the pressure to 3 MPa only slightly increases the mechanical performance, whereas a further increase to 6 MPa causes no significant changes.