bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical comparison of energy‐resolved and digital‐subtraction angiography
Authors: Aubert Sarah , Cunningham Ian A. , Tanguay Jesse 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundX‐ray coronary angiography is a sub‐optimal vascular imaging technique because it cannot suppress un‐enhanced anatomy that may obscure the visualization of coronary artery disease.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the theoretical image quality of energy‐resolved x‐ray angiography (ERA) implemented with spectroscopic x‐ray detectors (SXDs), which may overcome limitations of x‐ray coronary angiography.MethodsWe modeled the large‐area signal‐difference‐to‐noise (SDNR) of contrast‐enhanced vasculature in ERA images and compared with that of digital‐subtraction angiography (DSA), which served as a gold standard vascular imaging technique. To this end, we used calibrated numerical models of the response of cadmium telluride SXDs including the effects of charge sharing, electronic noise, and energy thresholding. Our models assumed zero scatter, no pulse pile up and small signals such that image contrast is approximately linear in the area density of contrast agents. For DSA, we similarly modeled x‐ray detection by cesium iodide energy‐integrating detectors using validated numerical models. For ERA, we investigated iodine and gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents, two‐material and three‐material decompositions, analog charge summing for charge sharing correction, and optimized image quality with respect to the tube voltage and energy thresholds assuming cadmium telluride SXDs with three energy bins.ResultsOur analysis reveals that a three‐material decomposition using iodine contrast agents will require x‐ray exposures that are approximately 400 times those of DSA to achieve the same SDNR as DSA in coronary applications, and is therefore not feasible in a clinical setting. However, three‐material decompositions with Gd contrast agents have the potential to provide SDNR that is ∼45% of that of DSA for matched patient air kerma. For two‐material decompositions that suppress soft‐tissue, ERA has the potential to produce images with SDNR that is 50%–75% of that of DSA for matched patient air kermas but lower levels of tube loading. Achieving these SDNR levels will require the use of analog charge summing for charge sharing correction, which increased SDNR by up to a factor of 1.7 depending on the contrast agent and whether or not a two‐material or three‐material decomposition was assumed.ConclusionsWe conclude that three‐material ERA implemented with Gd contrast agents and two‐material ERA implemented with either iodine or Gd contrast agents, should be investigated as alternatives to DSA in situations where motion artifacts preclude the use of DSA, such as in coronary imaging.
In vivo animal study of the magnetic navigation system for capsule endoscope manipulation within the esophagus, stomach, and colorectum
Authors: Sun Hongbo , Liu Jianhua , Wang Qiuliang , Lai Chunxiao , Chi Wenqiang , Niu Chaoqun , Wang Lei , Teng Zhifan , Shi Yang , Tian Peilong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/purposesMagnetic navigation capsule endoscopy (MNCE) is considered to be an important means to realize the controllable and precise examination of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the unstructured gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For the current magnetic navigation system (MNS), due to the limitation of workspace, driving force, and control method of the CE, only clinical application in the stomach has been realized, whereas the examination of other parts of the GI tract is still in the experimental stage. More preclinical studies are needed to achieve the multisite examination of the GI tract.MethodsBased on the MNS (Supiee) developed in the laboratory, an X‐ray imaging system with magnetic shielding and a commercial CE are integrated to form the MNCE system. Then, in vivo GI tract experiments with a porcine model are performed to verify the clinical feasibility and safety of this system. Moreover, the effects of different control modes on the efficiency and effect of GI tract examination are studied.ResultsAnimal experiments demonstrate that with the MNCE system, it is convenient to achieve steering control in any direction and multiple reciprocating movements of CE in the GI tract. Benefiting from the flexibility of the three basic control modes, the achieved swing movement pattern of CE can effectively reduce the inspection time. It is demonstrated that the esophageal examination time can be reduced from 13.2 to 9.2 min with a maximum movement speed of 5 mm/s.ConclusionIn this paper, the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the MNCE system for a one‐stop examination of the in vivo GI tract (esophagus, stomach, and colorectum) is first demonstrated. In addition, complex movement patterns of CE such as the swinging are proved to effectively improve examination efficiency and disease detection rates. This study is crucial for the clinical application of the MNCE system.
Model‐based image reconstruction with wavelet sparsity regularization for through‐plane resolution restoration in T2‐weighted spin‐echo prostate MRI
Authors: Borisch Eric A. , Froemming Adam T. , Grimm Roger C. , Kawashima Akira , Trzasko Joshua D. , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe purpose is to develop a model‐based image‐reconstruction method using wavelet sparsity regularization for maintaining restoration of through‐plane resolution but with improved retention of SNR versus linear reconstruction using Tikhonov (TK) regularization in high through‐plane resolution (1 mm) T2‐weighted spin‐echo (T2SE) images of the prostate.MethodsA wavelet sparsity (WS)–regularized image reconstruction was developed that takes as input a set of ≈80 overlapped 3‐mm‐thick slices acquired using a T2SE multislice scan and typically 30 coil elements. After testing in contrast and resolution phantoms and calibration in 6 subjects, the WS reconstruction was evaluated in 16 consecutive prostate T2SE MRI exams. Results reconstructed with nominal 1‐mm thickness were compared with those from the TK reconstruction with the same raw data. Results were evaluated radiologically. The ratio of magnitude of prostate signal to periprostatic muscle signal was used to assess the presence of noise reduction. Technical performance was also compared with a commercial 3D‐T2SE sequence.ResultsThe new WS reconstruction was assessed as superior statistically to TK for overall SNR, contrast, and multiple evaluation criteria related to sharpness while retaining the high (1 mm) through‐plane resolution. Wavelet sparsity tended to provide improved overall diagnostic quality versus TK, but not significantly so. In all 16 studies, the prostate‐to‐muscle signal ratio increased.ConclusionsModel‐based WS‐regularized reconstruction consistently provides improved SNR in high (1 mm) through‐plane resolution images of prostate T2SE MRI versus linear reconstruction using TK regularization.
A robust adiabatic constant amplitude spin‐lock preparation module for myocardial T1ρ quantification at 3 T
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Wang Che , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Zhongmin , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Zhu Yanjie 
Published: September 2022

T1ρ quantification has the potential to assess myocardial fibrosis without contrast agent. However, its preparation spin‐lock pulse is sensitive to B1 and B0 inhomogeneities, resulting in severe banding artifacts in the heart region, especially at high magnetic field such as 3 T. We aimed to design a robust spin‐lock (SL) preparation module that can be used in myocardial T1ρ quantification at 3 T. We used the tan/tanh pulse to tip up and tip down the magnetization in the spin‐lock preparation module (tan/tanh‐SL). Bloch simulation was used to optimize pulse shape parameters of the tan/tanh with a pulse duration (Tp) of 8, 4, and 2 ms, respectively. The designed tan/tanh‐SL modules were implemented on a 3‐T MR scanner. They were evaluated in phantom studies under three different cases of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities, and tested in cardiac T1ρ quantification of healthy volunteers. The performance of the tan/tanh‐SL was compared with the composite SL preparation pulses and the commonly used hyperbolic secant pulse for spin‐lock (HS‐SL). Feasible pulse shape parameters were obtained using Bloch simulation. Compared with HS‐SL, the quantification error of tan/tanh‐SL was reduced by 27.7% for Tp = 8 ms (mean ∆Q = 126.15 vs. 174.42) and 75.6% for Tp = 4 ms (mean ∆Q = 136.65 vs. 559.53). In the phantom study, tan/tanh‐SL was less sensitive to B1 and B0 inhomogeneity compared with composite SL pulses and HS‐SL. In cardiac T1ρ quantification, the T1ρ maps using tan/tanh‐SL showed fewer banding artifacts than using composite SL pulses and HS‐SL. The proposed tan/tanh‐SL preparation module greatly improves the robustness to B0 and B1 field inhomogeneities and can be used in cardiac T1ρ quantification at 3 T.
Parenting styles and dimensions in parents of children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Marston Emma , Cho Chi C. , Pridham Karen , McPherson Amy C. , Polfuss Michele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParenting influences child development. There is limited research, however, related to parenting children who have developmental disabilities. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the parenting styles and dimensions of parents of children with developmental disabilities and (2) assess differences in parenting styles and dimensions among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and spina bifida (SB). Secondary data analysis was conducted from a nationwide cross‐sectional study of 496 parents of children aged 5–16 years with ASD (n = 180), DS (n = 156), or SB (n = 160). Parent scores indicated high use of the authoritative parenting style and associated parenting dimensions, mid‐to‐low use of the permissive parenting style, and low use of the authoritarian parenting style and associated dimensions. Variation in parenting styles and dimensions among parents was primarily related to the child's diagnosis and family income. An unanticipated but positive finding was that parents with lower family incomes had significantly higher scores for the authoritative parenting style. Results from this study can inform future research that might inform clinical practice.
Identifying themes to inform nursing decisions when caring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on noninvasive ventilation: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Farmer Mary Jo S. , Callahan Christine , Riska Karen , Hughes Ashley M. , Stefan Mihaela S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior studies analyzing patient experience with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) found the most impactful interaction that patients remembered was with nurses, however a survey of nurses regarding the management of patients treated with NIV has shown that most nurses felt unprepared to care for these sick patients. Our qualitative descriptive study explored the current nursing experience using NIV as a treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Nine (n = 9) subject matter expert nurses practicing in a variety of clinical settings participated in semi‐structured interviews. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research checklist was followed for interview development. Interview transcripts were subsequently analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Themes identified from the interviews pertained to patient assessment, novice nurses' need for clinical support, team communication, and nursing education. Improving interprofessional team communication and collaboration skills, and implementing guidelines for NIV utilization were specified as essential components of NIV education for nurses. Even though the nursing role in the care of AECOPD NIV patient could be institution dependent, the themes presented in our study are useful in identifying opportunities for NIV nursing education and areas for further research. Patient or Public Contribution: Nurses served as interviewees for this study.
In‐plane mechanical properties of thick‐walled polymer‐filled honeycomb composites: Analysis and experiments
Authors: Squibb Carson , Hada Masaki , Philen Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer‐filled honeycomb composites are composite materials that exhibit effective in‐plane moduli greater than either the honeycomb or polymer alone. Previous numerical modeling work by the authors has identified two key mechanisms by which this stiffness amplification is achieved. For thin honeycomb cells, the difference in Poisson's ratio between the infill and honeycomb drives the in‐plane composite behavior. For large cell depths, the volume change of the hexagonal cells, acting on the infill polymer, is the dominant factor in stiffness amplification. This work aims to extend these findings to thick walled honeycombs, and to experimentally validate the model predictions while making comparisons to existing analytic models. A unit cell finite element model is created for the composite, with isotropic material properties for the honeycomb and infill obtained from characterization tests on 3D printed honeycomb wall material and polyurethane elastomer infill materials. An experimental investigation is completed, where both empty and polymer filled honeycomb samples are 3D printed and tested for a range of cell geometries, varying the cell angle, cell depth, and infill polymer, and are testing in two in‐plane loading directions. The results support both the model predictions of the effective Young's moduli and the mechanisms of stiffness amplification previously found, with a maximum percent error of 16.9% found and an amplification factor of the infill modulus of up 16 demonstrated. The improved understanding demonstrated in this work supports the use of these composites in applications where reinforcement of the honeycomb by a polymer, or vice versa, is desired.
Evaluation of SSRT‐Test by Classical Gravimetric Analysis and Optical Topographic Measurement: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bauer Lukas , Benz Maximilian , Klapötke Thomas M. , Selmeier Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo establish a database of performance values in the small‐scale shock reactivity test (SSRT), common secondary explosives based on organic nitrates (e. g. PETN) and nitramines (e. g. RDX and HMX) as well as aromatic (e. g. TNT), heteroaromatic (e. g. TKX‐50 and MAD−X1) and open chain systems (e. g. FOX‐7) were investigated. The evaluation of the test results was carried out by two different methods. On the one hand, manually by weighing out the resulting dents with sand, and on the other hand, optically with the aid of a profilometer. The two analysis methods were compared and evaluated with respect to their absolute results and absolute as well as relative standard deviations.
Sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Jia Biantao , Zhang Junliang , Hong Shanshan , Chang Xiaoli , Li Xianchun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is the most destructive pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Chlorfenapyr is an important insecticide for controlling DBM. The impacts of three sublethal doses (LC1, LC10 and LC30) of chlorfenapyr on the chlorfenapyr‐exposed DBM individuals and their unexposed F1 and F2 offspring were investigated in order to reveal the non‐lethal deleterious effects of chlorfenapyr and its potential hormetic effects.RESULTSLC1 significantly increased female pupa weight of F0 and F1 generations, and F0 fecundity as well as F1 gross reproduction rate (GRR). The LC1‐elicited rise in emergency rate and fecundity was significantly greater in F0 than in F1. By contrast, LC30 significantly decreased age‐specific survival rates, pupation rate, male pupal weight, emergence rate and fecundity of F0 and F1 generations as well as female adult proportion and GRR, net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) of F1 generation. The LC30‐induced reductions in pupation rate, adult emergence rate, male and female pupa weight, and fecundity were greater in F1 than in F0. While LC10 elicited only a mild inhibition (extension of pupal duration) in F0, it yielded both deleterious (drops in female proportion and age‐specific survivals) and hormetic effects (ups in male longevity and female fecundity) in F1.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that the sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr on DBM vary from inhibition to stimulatory hormesis, depending on the dose and generation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Energy shaping control of underactuated mechanical systems with fluidic actuation
Authors: Franco Enrico , Astolfi Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnergy shaping is a remarkably effective control strategy which can be applied to a wide range of systems, including underactuated mechanical systems. However, research in this area has generally neglected actuator dynamics. While this is often appropriate, it might result in degraded performance in the case of fluidic actuation. In this work we present some new results on energy shaping control for underactuated mechanical systems for which the control action is mediated by a pressurized ideal fluid. In particular, we introduce an extended multi‐step energy shaping and damping‐assignment controller design procedure that builds upon the Interconnection‐and‐damping‐assignment Passivity‐based‐control methodology in a modular fashion to account for the pressure dynamics of the fluid. Stability conditions are assessed with a Lyapunov approach, the effect of disturbances is discussed, and the case of redundant actuators is illustrated. The proposed approach is demonstrated with numerical simulations for a modified version of the classical ball‐on‐beam example, which employs two identical cylinders, either hydraulic or pneumatic, to actuate the beam.
Automatic method of flow direction reasoning for bridging tributaries using adjacency relation
Authors: Li Chengming , Wu Wei , Bai Xiaofei , Yin Yong , Wu Zheng , Zhang Chengcheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetermining an accurate flow direction is a prerequisite for hydrographic analysis and river generalization. For river networks with complex spatial structures and little semantic information, it has always been a difficult and interesting problem to automatically and objectively determine the flow direction of all rivers. In a river network with many estuaries, tributaries may either be “simple tributaries” that are associated only with a single main channel or “bridging tributaries” that link multiple main channels. The former is large in number, while the latter is few, but both of them are very important in constructing the hierarchical relationship of the whole river network. Existing studies have concentrated on simple tributaries, and flow direction reasoning for bridging tributaries is ignored, leading to a misunderstanding of the spatial structure of river networks. To address this problem, an automatic method of flow direction reasoning for bridging tributaries using adjacency relation (FDR‐BR method) is proposed. First, in view of the insufficient semantic information in actual river data, the principle of “the minority is subordinate to the majority” is adopted to establish two statistical identification criteria for estuaries, and main channels are extracted by using the good continuity feature between river reaches, that is, stroke feature. Second, the Kth‐order adjacency fields are constructed for each main channel based on the topological connection relationships between the main channels and tributaries. Finally, the “split river reaches” are detected from the bridging tributaries, and the spatial adjacency relation is used as a constraint to identify the benchmark main channel of each bridging tributary. The FDR‐BR method is validated using a geographical census dataset for a city in China. In the experimental area, simple river networks with independent main channels account for 91.67% of the networks, and complex river networks with multiple main channels account for 8.33%. For the complex river networks, 77.79% of the tributaries are simple tributaries, while 13.27% are bridging tributaries. The experimental results reveal that for all rivers in the simple river networks and the simple tributaries in the complex river networks, the flow direction reasoning results of FDR‐BR method are consistent with the results of the state‐of‐the‐art Schwenk method, with an accuracy of more than 98%; for the bridging tributaries in the complex river networks, the flow direction reasoning accuracy of the Schwenk method is only 59.3%, while the accuracy of FDR‐BR method reaches 98%, and the results are more realistic.
Tailoring the Hinge Residue at the Substrate Access Tunnel Entrance Improves the Catalytic Performance of Industrialized Nitrile Hydratase Toward 3‐Cyanopyridine
Authors: Xia Yuanyuan , Yin Meng , Peplowski Lukasz , Cheng Zhongyi , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNicotinamide is a high‐value chemical that has been widely applied in various aspects of daily life. Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is capable of carrying out biotransformation of nitriles to amides and has shown great potential in the green synthesis of nicotinamide. The high‐molecular mass NHase (H‐NHase) from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 has been applied in the industrial‐scale production of acrylamide; however, its activity is not ideal towards aromatic 3‐cyanopyridines, resulting in its substrate preference towards aliphatic nitriles. In this study, a hinge residue at the entrance of the substrate access tunnel of H‐NHase was identified through substrate access tunnel calculations, site‐saturation mutagenesis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The corresponding mutant βW48Y showed a 5.9‐fold higher specific activity towards 3‐cyanopyridine than that of its parental enzyme, with better thermostability, proving itself to be a competitive candidate for the industrial production of nicotinamide.
Photothermal Nanozymatic Nanoparticles Induce Ferroptosis and Apoptosis through Tumor Microenvironment Manipulation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yuan Haitao , Xia Peng , Sun Xin , Ma Jingbo , Xu Xiaolong , Fu Chunjin , Zhou Hongchao , Guan Yudong , Li Zhifen , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Huifang , Dai Lingyun , Xu Chengchao , Dong Shaohong , Geng Qingshan , Li Zhijie , Wang Jigang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is highly desirable to design a single modality that can simultaneously trigger apoptosis and ferroptosis to efficiently eliminate tumor progression. Herein, a nanosystem based on the intrinsic properties of tumor microenvironment (TME) is designed to achieve tumor control through the simultaneous induction of ferroptosis and apoptosis. CuCP molecules are encapsulated in a liposome‐based nanosystem to assemble into biocompatible and stable CuCP nanoparticles (CuCP Lipo NPs). This nanosystem intrinsically possesses nanozymatic activity and photothermal characteristics due to the property of Cu atoms and the structure of CuCP Lipo NPs. It is demonstrated that the synergistic strategy increases the intracellular lipid‐reactive oxides species, induces the occurrence of ferroptosis and apoptosis, and completely eradicates the tumors in vivo. Proteomics analysis further discloses the key involved proteins (including Tp53, HMOX1, Ptgs2, Tfrc, Slc11a2, Mgst2, Sod1, and several GST family members) and pathways (including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and ROS synthesis). Conclusively, this work develops a strategy based on one nanosystem to synergistically induce ferroptosis and apoptosis in vivo for tumor suppression, which holds great potential in the clinical translation for tumor therapy.