bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can saline irrigation improve the quality of tomato fruits?
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Zoz Tiago , Seron Cassio de Castro , Boleta Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli , Lima Bruno Horschut de , Souza Lucas Raoni Roel , Pedrinho Denise Renata , Matias Rosemary , Lopes Cinthia dos Santos , Oliveira Neto Sebastião Soares de , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation with saline water on fruit quality, yield, and plant nutrition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Tomato cultivation was carried out under protected environment conditions in a double row system with drip irrigation performed according to the demand of the plants. Commercial fruit weight, commercial fruit number, fruit yield, absorption of Ca, N, P, S, K, and Mg were all affected by saline irrigation. The leaf Na concentration and the concentration of total phenolic compounds, total titratable acids, total soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and flavonoids in the fruits were favored from the increase in irrigation salinity. The Na+ causes a deficiency of Ca, which impairs seed formation in tomato fruits, as Ca is a structural element in the formation of the pollen grain. The Onix genotype had the highest yield, weight, and number of commercial fruits under control and moderate salt stress conditions. Saline water impaired nutrient absorption and improved tomato fruit quality. Under salt stress, tomato plants were able to absorb and translocate large amounts of Na+ to the shoot and even improved the organoleptic quality of fruits, increasing the content of carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, total soluble solids, and total titratable acids of tomato fruits. The clustering analysis was able to show the highest genetic dissimilarity between the group composed of Shanty, Maestrina, and Ipa 6 and the group with Sheena, Totalle, and Pizzadoro under salt stress conditions; also, it evidenced the greater stability of these genotypes.
Steroid affected cytokines in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Tan Li Hui , Lin Cailu , Ungerer Heather , Kumar Ankur , Qatanani Anas , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Bosso John V. , Reed Danielle , Cohen Noam A. , Kohanski Michael A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are among the most challenging rhinologic patients to treat. AERD has a complex inflammatory milieu of lipid mediators and cytokines. In this study we evaluated cytokine differences in the complex AERD environment at the mucus, epithelial, and tissue levels.MethodsSamples were acquired at the time of sinus surgery from 21 patients (seven steroid‐treated, 14 untreated) with aspirin challenge‐confirmed AERD. Three methods (sponge adsorption, epithelial brushing, tissue biopsy) were used to acquire samples from the respective sinus sampling sites (mucus, polyp epithelium, and full‐thickness polyp) of each patient. We measured and compared 16 cytokine concentrations in AERD patients with or without prednisone treatment using the Luminex platform.ResultsIn most sampling sites, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐33, CCL20, and TNF‐α were detected at higher concentrations than IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐4, IL‐22, IL‐17E/IL25, and GM‐CSF. Each sampling site had a different pattern of cytokine levels, and except for IL‐5 and IL‐25 there was no correlation among sampling methods for each cytokine tested. The most notable and significant decreases in cytokines from those treated with prednisone were observed in the epithelium for IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐33, and IFN‐γ.ConclusionsIn the epithelial samples, type 2‐associated cytokines IL‐5 and IL‐33, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, and IFN‐γ were lower in AERD patients treated with prednisone. This work serves as a basis to assess therapeutic‐induced mucosal cytokine responses in AERD and indicates that the site of cytokine measurement is an important consideration when assessing results.
Clinical factors associated with lower health scores in COVID‐19–related persistent olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Said Mena , Luong Thanh , Jang Sophie S , Davis Morgan E. , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with persistent COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly report parosmia. Understanding the impact of COVID‐19 OD and parosmia is critical to prioritizing research and interventions. In this study we investigate the impact of parosmia and other clinical and disease characteristics on health state utility values (HUVs) for those with persistent COVID‐19 OD.MethodsPatients with a history of COVID‐19 diagnosis and persistent OD were recruited from a tertiary medical center and a social media support forum for chemosensory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and disease‐specific symptoms were obtained along with self‐reported history of smell function and presence of parosmia. HUVs were calculated using indirect (EuroQol 5‐Dimension [EQ‐5D]) and direct (VAS) measures.ResultsOur study included 286 subjects (75.52% women) with persistent COVID‐19–related OD. Results (mean ± standard deviation) of HUVs based on EQ‐5D and VAS were 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.73 ± 0.21, respectively. Mean self‐reported smell function (on a 0‐10 scale) was 9.67 ± 1.25 pre–COVID‐19, 0.93 ± 2.34 at diagnosis, and 3.39 ± 2.32 at most current assessment. A total of 89.16% of the subjects reported parosmia and 24.13% sought medical care for anosmia. Seeing an MD for OD (p < 0.001), female gender (EQ‐5D only, p = 0.002), a history of chronic pain (p < 0.05) and depression/anxiety (EQ‐5D only, p < 0.001) predicted worse health. Parosmia and persistent symptoms, such as shortness of breath, were associated with lower EQ‐5D and VAS scores, but did not independently predict poorer health scores on multivariable analysis.ConclusionPersistent COVID‐19 OD results in health states comparable to other chronic diseases.
An Energy Independent Scaling of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Direct (Prompt) Photons from Two‐Body Processes in High‐Energy Proton–Proton Collisions
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gao Ya‐Qin , Liu Fu‐Hu , Olimov Khusniddin K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransverse momentum spectra of direct (prompt) photons from two‐body processes in high‐energy proton–proton (p+p) collisions are analyzed in this paper. The experimental invariant cross‐sections are collected at mid‐rapidity in p+p collisions measured by the UA6, CCOR, R806, R110, PHENIX, NA24, CMS, ALICE, and ATLAS Collaborations over a center‐of‐mass energy range from 24.3 GeV to 13 TeV. In fitting the data, different kinds of functions are used which include the revised Tsallis–Pareto‐type function (the TP‐like function) at the particle level, the convolution of two TP‐like functions at the quark level, and the root‐sum‐of‐squares of two revised Tsallis‐like functions in which the quark chemical potentials or , where μB is the baryon chemical potential. The values of three main free parameters have been extracted: the effective temperature T, power index n0 (or entropy index q), and correction index a0. After analyzing the changing trends of the parameters, it is found that T, q, and a0 increase and n0 decreases with the increase of collision energy. Based on the analyses of transverse momentum spectra, an energy independent scaling, that is, the scaling, is obtained.
Zu einem Systematischen Verständnis des Einflusses der Temperatur auf Glykosylierungsreaktionen
Authors: Tuck Owen T. , Sletten Eric T. , Danglad‐Flores José , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDie Bildung von glykosidischen Bindungen ist eine ständige Herausforderung in der Praxis. Mit dem Ziel, die Reproduzierbarkeit und Effizienz der Synthese von Oligosacchariden zu verbessern, wird hier die Beziehung zwischen der Aktivierung des Glykosyl‐Donors und der Reaktionstemperatur untersucht. Ein neues semi‐automatisches Assay zeigt, dass die Mitglieder einer Gruppe von Thioglykoside unterschiedlich auf die Aktivierung bei verschiedenen Temperaturen reagieren. Die Muster der Schutzgruppen und des Thio‐Aglykons führen zu bemerkenswerten Unterschieden in der Temperaturempfindlichkeit der Glykosyl‐Donors. Wir führen das Konzept der Donor‐Aktivierungstemperatur ein, um experimentelle Erkenntnisse zu erfassen, und folgern daraus, dass Glykosylierungen, die unterhalb dieser Referenztemperatur durchgeführt werden, schädlichen Nebenreaktionen entgehen. Kentnisse über Aktivierungstemperaturen ermöglichen eine vereinfachte Temperaturbehandlung und erleichtern die Optimierung der Verwendung von Glykosyl‐Donors. Bei der isothermen Glykosylierung unterhalb der Aktivierungstemperatur halbierten sich die benötigten Bausteinäquivalente im Vergleich zu dem bisher in der Lösungs‐ und Festphasen‐Oligosaccharidsynthese verwendeten Standard‐“Rampen”‐Verfahren.
Light‐Assisted CO2 Hydrogenation over Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 Promoted by Active Sites in Close Proximity
Authors: Ling Li‐Li , Yang Weijie , Yan Peng , Wang Min , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to methanol has attracted great interest while suffering from low conversion and high energy input. Herein, tiny Pd3Cu nanoparticles are confined into a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66, to afford Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 for CO2 hydrogenation. Remarkably, it achieves a methanol production rate of 340 μmol g−1 h−1 at 200 °C and 1.25 MPa under light irradiation, far surpassing that in the dark. The photo‐generated electron transfer from the MOF to antibonding orbitals of CO2* promotes CO2 activation and HCOO* formation. In addition, the Pd3Cu microenvironment plays a critical role in CO2 hydrogenation. In contrast to the MOF‐supported Pd3Cu (Pd3Cu/UiO‐66), the Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 exhibits a much higher methanol production rate due to the close proximity between CO2 and H2 activation sites, which greatly facilitates their interaction and conversion. This work provides a new avenue to the integration of solar and thermal energy for efficient CO2 hydrogenation under moderate conditions.
Towards a Systematic Understanding of the Influence of Temperature on Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Tuck Owen T. , Sletten Eric T. , Danglad‐Flores José , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlycosidic bond formation is a continual challenge for practitioners. Aiming to enhance the reproducibility and efficiency of oligosaccharide synthesis, we studied the relationship between glycosyl donor activation and reaction temperature. A novel semi‐automated assay revealed diverse responses of members of a panel of thioglycosides to activation at various temperatures. The patterns of protecting groups and the thiol aglycon combine to cause remarkable differences in temperature sensitivity among glycosyl donor building blocks. We introduce the concept of donor activation temperature to capture experimental insights, reasoning that glycosylations performed below this reference temperature evade deleterious side reactions. Activation temperatures enable a simplified temperature treatment and facilitate optimization of glycosyl donor usage. Isothermal glycosylation below the activation temperature halved the equivalents of building block required in comparison to the standard “ramp” regime used in solution‐ and solid‐phase oligosaccharide synthesis to‐date.
Lanthanoid Biphenolates as a Rich Source of Lanthanoid‐Main Group Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Ali Safaa H. , Shephard Angus C. G. , Wang Jun , Guo Zhifang , Davies Murray S. , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral new trivalent dinuclear rare earth 2,2’‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate) (mbmp2−) complexes with the general form [Ln2(mbmp)3(thf)n] (Ln=Sm 1, Tb 2 (n=3), and Ho 3, Yb 4 (n=2), and a tetravalent cerium complex [Ce(mbmp)2(thf)2] (5) have been synthesised by RTP (redox transmetallation/protolysis) reactions from lanthanoid metals, Hg(C6F5)2 and the biphenol mbmpH2. These new complexes and some previously reported partially protonated rare earth biphenolate complexes [Ln(mbmp)(mbmpH)(thf)n] react with lithium, aluminium, potassium and zinc organometallic reagents to form lanthanoid‐main group heterobimetallic species. When reaction mixtures containing the Ln biphenolate complexes were treated with n‐butyllithium, both molecular ([Li(thf)2Ln(mbmp)2(thf)n] (Ln=La 6, Pr 7 (n=2) and Er 8, Yb 9, and Lu 10 (n=1)) and charge separated ([Li(thf)4][Ln(mbmp)2(thf)2] (Ln=Y 11, Sm 12, Dy 13, and Ho 14) complexes were isolated. Treatment with trimethylaluminium also led to isolation of molecular ([AlMe2Ln(mbmp)2(thf)2] (Ln=Pr 15, Sm 16, and Tb 17)) and ionic [La(mbmp)(thf)5][AlMe2(mbmp)] (18) complexes. One gadolinium‐potassium ([K(thf)3Gd(mbmp)2(thf)2] (19)), and one ytterbium‐zinc species ([ZnEtYb(mbmp)2(thf)] (20)) were isolated from treatment of reaction mixtures with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and diethylzinc respectively.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Unsaturated Thiacrown Ethers Possessing Sulfonium Groups
Authors: Hirabayashi Kazunori , Nakashizuka Masahito , Shimizu Toshio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThiacrown ethers have attracted much attention in host‐guest chemistry. Herein, we present the polymethylation reactions of unsaturated thiacrown ethers. Unsaturated thiacrown ethers having sulfonium groups were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding unsaturated thiacrown ethers with methyl triflate. The obtained methylated unsaturated thiacrown ethers were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, UV absorption measurement, and cyclic voltammetry. The occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals of the obtained methylated unsaturated thiacrown ethers are essentially localized respectively around the sulfide groups and the sulfonium groups. Furthermore, the results of electrostatic potential maps indicated that positive charges were distributed throughout the entire unsaturated thiacrown ether moieties.
The complexity of biological control systems: An autophagy case study
Authors: Pavel Mariana , Tanasa Radu , Park So Jung , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutophagy and YAP1‐WWTR1/TAZ signalling are tightly linked in a complex control system of forward and feedback pathways which determine different cellular outcomes in differing cell types at different time‐points after perturbations. Here we extend our previous experimental and modelling approaches to consider two possibilities. First, we have performed additional mathematical modelling to explore how the autophagy‐YAP1 crosstalk may be controlled by posttranslational modifications of components of the pathways. Second, since analogous contrasting results have also been reported for autophagy as a regulator of other transduction pathways engaged in tumorigenesis (Wnt/β‐catenin, TGF‐β/Smads, NF‐kB or XIAP/cIAPs), we have considered if such discrepancies may be explicable through situations involving competing pathways and feedback loops in different cell types, analogous to the autophagy‐YAP/TAZ situation. Since distinct posttranslational modifications dominate those pathways in distinct cells, these need to be understood to enable appropriate cell type‐specific therapeutic strategies for cancers and other diseases.
Scale‐up issues for commercial depth filters in bioprocessing
Authors: Nejatishahidein Negin , Kim Minyoung , Jung Seon Y. , Borujeni Ehsan E. , Fernandez‐Cerezo Lara , Roush David J. , Borhan Ali , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSignificant increases in cell density and product titer have led to renewed interest in the application of depth filtration for initial clarification of cell culture fluid in antibody production. The performance of these depth filters will depend on the local pressure and velocity distribution within the filter capsule, but these are very difficult to probe experimentally, leading to challenges in both process design and scale‐up. We have used a combination of carefully designed experimental studies and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine these issues in both lab‐scale (SupracapTM 50) and pilot‐scale (StaxTM) depth filter modules, both employing dual‐layer lenticular PDH4 media containing diatomaceous earth. The SupracapTM 50 showed a more rapid increase in transmembrane pressure and a more rapid DNA breakthrough during filtration of a Chinese Hamster Ovary cell culture fluid. These results were explained using CFD calculations which showed very different flow distributions within the modules. CFD predictions were further validated using measurements of the residence time distribution and dye binding in both the lab‐scale and pilot‐plant modules. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling the performance and scale‐up of these commercially important depth filters as well as a framework that can be broadly applied to develop more effective depth filters and depth filtration processes.
Executive compensation, environmental performance, and sustainable banking: The moderating effect of governance mechanisms
Authors: Adu Douglas A. , Al‐Najjar Basil , Sitthipongpanich Thitima 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the extant business strategy and sustainable development literature by investigating the effect of a broad corporate governance disclosure index on executive compensation and, subsequently, determines the extent to which the pay‐for‐sustainability sensitivity is moderated by corporate governance mechanisms. Employing data collected from 16 Sub‐Saharan Africa countries over the period from 2007 to 2018, the findings are as follows: First, we report that better‐governed banks pay lower compensation packages to their executives. Second, we find that executive compensation increases sustainable banking disclosures in the countries. Third, the findings show that executive compensation is negatively associated with environmental performance. Finally, we detect that the association between executive pay and sustainable banking performance is significantly moderated by corporate governance mechanisms, revealing that the pay‐for‐sustainability sensitivity is mainly positive and improves in banks with high corporate governance quality. This implies that the pay‐for‐sustainability sensitivity is contingent on the quality of the bank's internal governance mechanisms. Our findings have key implications for banking practitioners, regulators, environmental activists, and policy‐makers.
Is there a trade‐off between environmental performance and financial sustainability in microfinance institutions? Evidence from South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Ayayi Ayi Gavriel , Wijesiri Mahinda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe environmental performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) has received considerable attention in recent years. However, the question of whether MFIs' involvement in environmental practices can drive their financial sustainability has yet to be addressed. This is the knowledge gap that we intend to investigate in the current study. Specifically, using a panel of 587 MFI‐year observations for the 2007–2014 period, we investigate whether pursuing proactive environmental strategies, individually and in aggregation, can improve the financial sustainability of MFIs in South and Southeast Asian countries. By analyzing aggregate environmental performance, we demonstrate that environmental performance adversely influences the financial performance of MFIs. This provides support for the trade‐off hypothesis that predicts that higher levels of environmental practices worsen firms' financial sustainability. Our results also show that the relationship between the individual environmental performance dimensions and financial performance of MFIs varies with the individual dimension of green practice being considered. Finally, we find that there is a significant variation in this relationship across MFI ownership types. The findings have valuable implications for practitioners, investors, and policymakers.
FNDC5/irisin reduces ferroptosis and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by Nrf2/HO‐1 axis
Authors: Cao Guangying , Yang Chao , Jin Zhitao , Wei Hanwen , Xin Chao , Zheng Chengrong , Xu Jibing , Huang Qing , Zhang Zheng , Hu Taohong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction is characterized by cardiomyocyte death and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, has been found to play critical roles under ischemic conditions. Recently, several studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, protect the heart against injury. However, its protective effect on ferroptosis and mitochondrial impairments is still unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate the role of irisin in ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Cardiomyocytes were treated with FNDC5 overexpression and/or irisin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. Reactive oxygen species production was evaluated by dihydroethidium staining. In addition, the intracellular ferrous iron level (Fe2+) and the relative concentration of malondialdehyde and ATP content were determined using an Iron Assay Kit, Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kit, and ATP Bioluminescent Assay Kit. The superoxide dismutase level in cells was measured using an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. Furthermore, an immunoblotting assay was used to determine ferroptosis‐related mitochondrial proteins. Hypoxia promoted cell death, increased ferroptosis, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, FNDC5 overexpression and/or irisin administration elevated cell viability, decreased ferroptosis, and reversed mitochondrial impairments induced by hypoxia. Mechanistically, FNDC5/irisin reduced ferroptosis and reversed mitochondrial impairments by Nrf2/HO‐1 axis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Thus, we have demonstrated that FNDC5/irisin plays a protective role in ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocytes.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 expression alters the number of keratinocyte stem cells in the mouse hair follicle
Authors: Kim Sun Hye , Rodriguez Liliana R. L. , Macias Everardo , Rodriguez‐Puebla Marcelo L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHair follicles regenerate periodically by spontaneously undergoing cycles of growth, regression, and relative quiescence. During the hair cycle, follicle stem cells residing in a specialized niche remain quiescent, and they are stimulated to proliferate throughout the growth phase of the hair follicle. Although cell cycle regulators play a prominent role during the activation of hair follicle stem cells, the identity and the role of these regulators have not been confirmed. Herein, we reported that stem cells located in the bulge region of the HF (BuSCs) express high levels of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) through the quiescent phase of the hair cycle. Using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, we have determined that the CDK4 protein level affects the number of BuSCs. Transgenic expression of CDK4 in the bulge region of the hair follicles reduces the number of BuSCs, whereas CDK4 ablation resulted in an increasing number of BuSCs. These results suggest that deregulation of CDK4 protein levels contributes to distorting the self‐renewal/proliferation balance and, in turn, altering the number of BuSCs.
Early‐onset persistent type IIIb endoleak following incraft stent graft implantation in an abdominal aortic aneurysm patient
Authors: Park Jae Hong , Rha Seung‐Woon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe type IIIb endoleak a rare complication of endovascular aneurysmal repair caused by endoprosthesis problem leading to deteriorating rupture, which is one of the major reasons for lifelong imaging surveillance. We report a case of an early‐onset type IIIb endoleak from a tear in main body bifurcation (flow divider) area like crotch point tearing of pants following additional intervention to reduce immediate type Ia endoleak. Successful treatment of the endoleak was achieved by surgical conversion.