bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in long-term care use among Dutch older men and women between 1995 and 2016: is the gender gap changing?
Authors: Aaltonen Mari , Deeg Dorly , Broese van Groenou Marjolein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether the gender gap in long-term care use in the Netherlands has changed between 1995 and 2016. Previous research has shown that women use more formal care services than men, while men use more informal care. In the past decades, there have been changes in the individual determinants of care use, such as health and social resources, and care provision. This raises the question of whether gender differences in care use have also changed over time. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) involved respondents aged 70–88 in seven waves: 1995/96, 1998/99, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2011/12 and 2015/16 (N = 6,527 observations). Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyse changes in the impact of gender on the use of informal and formal home care, residential care and private home care, and the non-use of care. Men used more informal care provided by a partner than women, but women used other sources of care more than men. Individual social resources explained the gender gap in informal and formal home care use, and health and social resources explained the gap in residential care. In the non-use of care and, to some extent, in residential care use, the gender gap widened over the years to the disadvantage of men and was not explained by health and social resources. The persistent and even increasing gender gap in the non-use of care over time warrants an exploration of the role of gender in seeking care and access to care, and a closer examination of the role of long-term care policies in maintaining this gap.
Integrating human and species habitat preferences in conservation in heterogeneous urban settings
Authors: Sander Heather A , Hodson Cody B , Macdougall Brandon M 
Published: July 2022

SummaryCities are becoming increasingly important to biodiversity conservation, conservation that could also benefit urban people given the importance of nature to human well-being. Urban conservation is challenging, however, given cities’ primary role as human habitats and the need to simultaneously support heterogeneous human and wild species communities in similarly heterogeneous environments. We demonstrate a framework for identifying conservation zones within cities and human and species habitat preferences within them, thereby identifying habitat attributes that management could target to support human well-being and conservation objectives. The framework first categorizes conservation zones within a city, then develops species indicator communities for each zone. Habitat preferences are identified for each indicator community using richness modelling, and human habitat preferences within zones are identified using one of several approaches. Lastly, habitat preferences are compared to identify commonalities and differences within zones. We demonstrate our framework in Iowa City (IA, USA) using songbirds, identifying similarities in human and bird habitat preferences within conservation zones that management could target to support human well-being and species conservation and differences in preferences that could be proactively managed to reduce conflict. This framework can thus identify key habitat attributes and approaches to inform conservation planning targeted to specific settings within cities.
Post-Election Reflections on Our Pre-Election Predictions
Authors: Wlezien Christopher , Erikson Robert S. 
Published: July 2022

Prior to the 2004 presidential election we provided forecasts of the final vote relying on
two different models. The first model follows what we did in 1996 and 2000 and relies on two
variables: the cumulated weighted growth in leading
economic indicators (LEI) through the 13th quarter of the sitting president's term—March
of the election year—which provides advance information about income growth leading up to
Election Day while also summarizing prior income growth;
andthe current value of presidential approval, which
absorbs some economic effects but also reflects non-economic aspects of incumbent
performance.
A cross-sectional study of the first two years of mandatory training for doctors participating in voluntary assisted dying
Authors: Willmott Lindy , Feeney Rachel , Yates Patsy , Parker Malcolm , Waller Katherine , White Ben P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesVoluntary assisted dying (VAD) was legalized in Victoria, Australia, in June 2019. Victoria was the first jurisdiction in the world to require doctors to undertake training before providing VAD. This study examines data from doctors who completed the mandatory training in the first 2 years of the VAD system's operation (up to 30 June 2021). It describes the doctors who are undertaking VAD training, their post-training attitudes toward VAD participation, and their experiences of the mandatory training.MethodsThrough the online training, doctors completed a short demographic survey and undertook formal assessment of knowledge (90% pass mark). They also were invited to complete an optional survey evaluating the training.ResultsIn total, 289 doctors passed the training, most commonly males (56%) aged 36–65 years (82%) from an urban location (72%). Most were more than 10 years post fellowship (68%) and practising as general practitioners (51%) or medical oncologists (16%). The training most commonly took 6 h (range 2 h to over 9 h). Most doctors passed the assessment at the first (65%) or second (19%) attempt. Almost all participants (97%) found the training helpful or very helpful and most reported being confident or very confident in their knowledge (93%) and application (88%) of the VAD legislation.Significance of resultsDoctors reported the training was helpful and improved their confidence in knowing the law and applying it in clinical practice. The profile of trained doctors (particularly their location and specialty) suggests continued growth of participating doctors is needed to facilitate patient access to VAD. It is important that this safeguard does not discourage doctors’ participation.
Study on customary rules of international humanitarian law: Purpose,
coverage and methodology
Authors: Henckaerts Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2022

In December 1995 the 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and
Red Crescent endorsed the recommendations drawn up by the Intergovernmental
Group of Experts for the Protection for War Victims which had met, at the
invitation of the Swiss government, on 23–27 January 1995 in Geneva.
Recommendation II of this Group proposed that:
“the ICRC be invited to prepare, with the assistance of experts in IHL
[international humanitarian law] representing various geographical regions
and different legal systems, and in consultation with experts from
governments and international organisations, a report on customary rules of
IHL applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts, and
to circulate the report to States and competent international
bodies.”
The “failed State” and international law
Authors: Thürer Daniel 
Published: July 2022

RésuméL'«État déstructuré» (“failed State”) est caractérisé par l'absence de toute structure officielle qui soit capable de garantir l'ordre et la justice. Un «État sans gouvernement» est toujours le résultat de situations de violence non-contrôlée qui empêchent les autorités constituées de fonctionner correctement. Le phénomène n'est certes pas nouveau, mais les quelques exemples actuels d'«États déstructurés» rappellent la fragilité de tout ordre constitué, de l'État du droit. L'auteur examine les problèmes posés par les États sans gouvernement, tant sous l'angle du droit international que sous celui des principes généraux du droit constitutionnel. Il s'intéresse particulièrement au comportement de la communauté internationale face à ces situations. Est-il concevable que, dans de tels cas, les (autres) États ou les Nations Unies puissent assurer un respect minimal de la dignité et de la sécurité de la personne humaine? Quelles sont les possibilités pratiques pour mettre en œuvre les garanties accordées par les traités relatifs aux droits de l'homme ou par le droit international humanitaire? L'auteur arrive à la conclusion que les quelques exemples de “failed States” n'annoncent pas la fin de l'État en tant que tel. Toutefois, beaucoup de questions restent posées, qui demandent une réponse, afin de permettre une évolution des institutions tenant compte des contraintes de notre temps.
Le premier Prix Nobel de la Paix (1901): Candidatures d'Henry Dunant, de
Gustave Moynier et du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
Authors: Durand André 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded a century ago to Henry Dunant
and Frédéric Passy, thus honouring two different aspects of the struggle
against war: the endeavour to limit the suffering of war victims through
humanitarian action, in particular the creation of the Red Cross; and the
fight against war itself, or pacifism. The article traces the history of
Dunant's candidacy and the uneasiness to which it gave rise in Geneva.
Indeed, while recognizing the merits of Henry Dunant for promoting the idea
of what subsequently became the Red Cross Movement, the ICRC with Gustave
Moynier as its President considered that the International Committee itself
should be a candidate for the Peace Prize. The attempt to put forward the
institution (and not the person of Henry Dunant) failed, as did the
candidacy of Moynier in the following year. The ICRC did, however, receive
the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911, 1944 and, together with the International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, in 1963 (the centenary
of the Red Cross).
People's security as a new measure of global stability
Authors: Bruderlein Claude 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
La sécurité des individus n'est plus nécessairement garantie par l'État.
Comme on a pu le constater récemment à plusieurs reprises, les besoins des
États en matière de sécurité semblent aller à l'encontre des besoins
qu'éprouvent leurs populations dans le même domaine, les États se livrant de
plus en plus à de violentes attaques contre les civils et les institutions
civiles. Or, en vertu du droit international, il incombe avant tout aux
États de protéger leur population contre les effets de la guerre. Dans les
situations de conflit armé, cette tâche devient toutefois problématique,
puisque la population est souvent laissée à la merci de son oppresseur. Un
changement de stratégie s'impose de manière pressante. À côté d'un système
de protection basé sur l'État, la communauté internationale doit concevoir
des solutions de plus grande ampleur et diversifiées pour que la protection
des civils soit assurée, solutions qui n'impliqueraient pas settlement les
États, mais aussi des entités non étatiques, des groupes de la société
civile, des acteurs du monde des entreprises, les médias et les populations
elles-mêmes.
The Asian values debate and its relevance to international humanitarian
law
Authors: Boll Alfred M. 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Au cours des années 90, une controverse a vu le jour en Asie sur la
question de savoir si les valeurs à la base de codifications universelles
sont nécessairement compatibles avec les valeurs acceptées et respectées
dans les différentes régions de ce continent. Plus particulièrement et à
titre d'exemple, les conventions internationales relatives aux droits de
l'homme sont censées exprimer des valeurs reconnues sur le plan universel.
Les Asiatiques doivent-ils de ce fait les accepter automatiquement dans
cette forme ? Ces valeurs dites « universelles » ne sont-elles pas pour la
plupart d'origine occidentale ? – Il apparaît qu'une prééminence des valeurs
asiatiques est notamment postulée pour certains aspects de la vie sociale
qui sont propres à l'Asie, dont l'ordre interne des États et l'économie. Le
droit international humanitaire, par contre, a toujours trouvé des principes
équivalents dans les traditions et coutumes ancestrales des différentes
nations asiatiques. Par ailleurs, les règles essentielles du droit
international humanitaire représentent le plus petit dénominateur commun des
règles de droit à respecter dans les conflits pour que l'homme soit protégé
contre la violence et l'abus de pouvoir; à ce titre, elles sont également en
harmonie avec les valeurs reconnues en Asie.
Le droit international humanitaire au Timor oriental: entre théorie et
pratique
Authors: Levrat Bertrand 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
East Timor has been on the international community's agenda since 1975,
and the events of 1999 have attracted worldwide attention to the island's
fate. This article examines some of the legal issues which are relevant for
the application of international humanitarian law to the conflict over East
Timor. In particular, the author examines the international status of East
Timor during the Indonesian occupation and after, with the arrival of the
multinational military force and the administration set up by the United
Nations. The status of those civilians who took refuge in West Timor from
the explosion of violence, as well as the rights of Timorese detained by the
provisional administration, are also extensively discussed. The author
regrets that many legal issues have not been settled in a satisfactory
manner by the various players involved in the international response to the
drama, although clear answers may be found in international humanitarian law
applicable to the situation prevailing in East Timor.
International refugee protection 50 years on: The protection challenges
of the past, present and future
Authors: Feller Erika 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Directeur pour la protection à l'Office du Haut Commissaire des Nations
Unies pour les réfugiés, l'auteur brosse un large tableau des activités
dévolues au HCR, que résume la notion de « protection » des réfugiés. Après
avoir brièvement rappelé l'histoire de la protection internationale des
réfugiés, elle examine la question de savoir si la Convention de 1951
relative au statut des réfugiés est toujours à la hauteur pour résoudre les
problèmes liés aux migrations de masse qui caractérisent notre époque. Mêime
si la Convention de 1951 n'est pas idéale, elle reste le seul traité
international reconnu par la quasi-totalité des États pour légitimer le
régime de protection des réfugiés. Afin de renforcer cette protection, le
HCR a récemment engagé une vaste consultation des États, des organisations
non gouvernementales et des réfugiés eux-mêmes pour mieux définir les
problèmes et y trouver des solutions dans le contexte actuel. L'auteur est
convaincu que cette consultation renforcera la détermination de la
communauté internationale à mieux protéger les réfugiés.
Personnes déplacées en Colombie et personnes d'origine colombienne
cherchant refuge dans les pays voisins
Authors: Prunera Frédérique 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the course of half a century of political turmoil and civil war in
Colombia, a large number of civilians have fled their homes or been
forcefully removed to other places. The author gives an overview of UNHCR
and ICRC activities for these internally displaced persons. While UNHCR
strives mainly to strengthen their ability to cope, the ICRC specializes in
direct assistance to displaced persons and pursues its traditional
protection work. Action taken for Colombian refugees in neighbouring
countries is also discussed.
Droit de Genève et droit de La Haye
Authors: Bugnion François 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Present-day international humanitarian law has grown from two main
sources: the Law of Geneva, i.e. a body of rules which protect victims of
war, and the Law of The Hague, i.e. those provisions which affect the
conduct of hostilities. The author examines the different policies which are
behind these two branches of international humanitarian law and traces their
history up to the 1974-1977 Diplomatic Conference which, by adopting
Additional Protocol I, brought about their convergence. While the ICRC
undoubtedly gave rise to the Law of Geneva, its contribution to the
development and implementation of the Hague Law has been less explicit. The
author argues that any involvement in humanitarian law today implies a
concern for both domains, which now are inseparable parts of modem
international humanitarian law.
Culturally Adapted Motivational Interviewing for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Adherence: Feasibility and Acceptability
Authors: El-Behadli Ana F. , Germann Julie N. , Pratt Chelsea , Acosta Dailyn , Montiel-Esparza Raul , Alvarez Nancy , Winick Naomi , Faith Melissa A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment mandates 2 to 3 years of maintenance therapy that includes daily oral 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Unfortunately, 6-MP nonadherence is linked with progressive relapse risk. This study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention targeting 6-MP adherence during pediatric ALL maintenance therapy. Methods: We randomized 80 caregivers to receive a single MI session and 42 to an education-only control condition. Participants completed self-report measures about demographics, 6-MP adherence, and intervention acceptability. MI sessions were delivered during a routine clinic visit and were fidelity-coded using Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 4.2.1 coding. Results: Findings confirmed MI feasibility and acceptability during routine outpatient clinic visits. In the MI condition, 92.5% of caregivers completed the MI session and 96.20% reported strong MI acceptability. We found no differences in enrollment, completion, or MI acceptability by cultural group. All Spanish-delivered MI sessions addressed social contextual stressors and/or culture-specific values. Conclusions: MI may represent a “no-risk” approach to improving adherence and potentially enhancing cure. This study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability of MI during routine clinic visits, providing the basis for a larger randomized trial. Implications for Impact Statement This study evaluated MI feasibility and acceptability to promote oral chemotherapy adherence during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. We found strong evidence for feasibility and acceptability among majority and ethnic minority participants. Additional study is needed to evaluate intervention effectiveness. MI may present a new way to enhance oral chemotherapy adherence.
RGS6 suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers via a novel mechanism dependent on its interaction with SMAD4
Authors: Wang Zhao , Chen Jun , Wang Shengjie , Sun Zelong , Lei Zhe , Zhang Hong-Tao , Huang Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor that has been shown to be protective in development of various cancers such as breast cancer and bladder cancer. But the mechanisms underlying these tumor-suppressing functions of RGS6 are not fully understood. Here, we discover a novel function of RGS6 in suppressing TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in vivo NSCLC metastasis. Using both bioinformatics and experimental tools, we showed that RGS6 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to noncancerous counterparts, and low expression of RGS6 was associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Overexpression of RGS6 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in vitro and TGF-β-promoted metastasis in vivo, by impairing gene expression of downstream effectors induced by the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling. The ability of RGS6 to suppress TGF-β-SMAD-mediated gene expression relied on its binding to SMAD4 to prevent complex formation between SMAD4 and SMAD2/3, but independent of its regulation of the G-protein signaling. Interaction between RGS6 and SMAD4 caused less nuclear entry of p-SMAD3 and SMAD4, resulting in inefficient SMAD3-mediated gene expression. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel and noncanonical role of RGS6 in regulation of TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis of NSCLC and identify RGS6 as a prognostic marker and a potential novel target for NSCLC therapy.
The interaction between STING and NCOA4 exacerbates lethal sepsis by orchestrating ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in macrophages
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Qinjie , Zhang Xufei , Tan Miaomiao , Li Xuanheng , Liu Peizhao , Wu Lei , Jiao Fan , Lin Zhaoyu , Wu Xiuwen , Wang Xin , Zhao Yun , Ren Jianan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe discovery of STING-related innate immunity has recently provided a deep mechanistic understanding of immunopathy. While the detrimental effects of STING during sepsis had been well documented, the exact mechanism by which STING causes lethal sepsis remains obscure. Through single-cell RNA sequence, genetic approaches, and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that STING promotes sepsis-induced multiple organ injury by inducing macrophage ferroptosis in a cGAS- and interferon-independent manner. Mechanistically, Q237, E316, and S322 in the CBD domain of STING are critical binding sites for the interaction with the coiled-coil domain of NCOA4. Their interaction not only triggers ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis, but also maintains the stability of STING dimers leading to enhanced inflammatory response, and reduces the nuclear localization of NCOA4, which impairs the transcription factor coregulator function of NCOA4. Meanwhile, we identified HET0016 by high throughput screening, a selective 20-HETE synthase inhibitor, decreased STING-induced ferroptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis and mortality in septic mice model. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which the interaction between STING and NCOA4 regulates innate immune response and ferroptosis, which can be reversed by HET0016, providing mechanistic and promising targets insights into sepsis.
PACAP-PAC1R modulates fear extinction via the ventromedial hypothalamus
Authors: Velasco E. R. , Florido A. , Flores Á , Senabre E. , Gomez-Gomez A. , Torres A. , Roca A. , Norrholm S. , Newman E. L. , Das P. , Ross R. A. , Lori A. , Pozo O. J. , Ressler K. J. , Garcia-Esteve L. L. , Jovanovic T. , Andero R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExposure to traumatic stress can lead to fear dysregulation, which has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work showed that a polymorphism in the PACAP-PAC1R (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) system is associated with PTSD risk in women, and PACAP (ADCYAP1)-PAC1R (ADCYAP1R1) are highly expressed in the hypothalamus. Here, we show that female mice subjected to acute stress immobilization (IMO) have fear extinction impairments related to Adcyap1 and Adcyap1r1 mRNA upregulation in the hypothalamus, PACAP-c-Fos downregulation in the Medial Amygdala (MeA), and PACAP-FosB/ΔFosB upregulation in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus dorsomedial part (VMHdm). DREADD-mediated inhibition of MeA neurons projecting to the VMHdm during IMO rescues both PACAP upregulation in VMHdm and the fear extinction impairment. We also found that women with the risk genotype of ADCYAP1R1 rs2267735 polymorphism have impaired fear extinction.