bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector
Authors: Bodó Balázs , Janssen Heleen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy.
Pain profile and opioid medication use in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram , Lubinus Manuel , Filmore Emily , Wilson Lynn , Williams Jerry , Gonzalez Ramos Osniel , Bhai Salman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Pain is commonly reported in people living with myositis. This study assesses the presence of pain in the subtypes of myositis as well as the frequency of opioid and non-opioid pain medication use.

Methods
A survey was developed and distributed by Myositis Support and Understanding, a patient-led advocacy organization, to members of its group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and chi-squared tests were performed.

Results
A total of 468 participants completed the survey. A total of 423 participants (DM n = 183, PM n = 109 and IBM n = 131) were included, based on reported diagnosis, for final analysis. Some 91.5% of myositis participants reported current or past pain, with 99% attributing their pain to myositis. There was a lower likelihood of pain in participants aged &gt;60 years [odds ratio (OR) 0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1, 0.6, P = 0.003]. The percentage of participants reporting pain was statistically different based on myositis type (DM 97.2%, IBM 80.9% and PM 94.5%, P &lt; 0.001), with a higher likelihood of pain in DM compared with IBM (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.3, 10.2, P = 0.011). There was a lower likelihood of pain in participants aged &gt;60 years (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1, 0.6, P = 0.003). Of the 387 participants reporting pain, 335 reported using pain medications (69% prescribed opioids). Male sex, age &gt;60 years and myositis subtype were not associated with likelihood of non-opioid use.

Conclusion
Pain is a commonly reported symptom in myositis with variable treatment strategies, including opioid medications. This study highlights the importance of addressing pain as part of myositis treatment as well as the need for future studies understanding treatment effectiveness.
ELISA, protein immunoprecipitation and line blot assays for anti-TIF1-gamma autoantibody detection in cancer-associated dermatomyositis
Authors: Selickaja Sandra , Galindo-Feria Angeles S , Dani Lara , Mimori Tsuneyo , Rönnelid Johan , Holmqvist Marie , Lundberg Ingrid E , Venalis Paulius 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-TIF1-gamma autoantibodies can be detected with immunoprecipitation (IP), line blot (LB) and ELISA. We compared assay performance in patients with DM and the potential of these assays to detect anti-TIF1-gamma positive cancer-associated DM (CADM).

Methods
We included sera from 131 patients with DM followed at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and 82 healthy controls. Serum samples taken at DM diagnosis were tested for anti-TIF1-gamma autoantibodies with IP, two ELISAs (in-house and commercial) and LB. Cancer diagnosis and dates were obtained from the Swedish national cancer register. CADM was defined as a malignancy that developed within 3 years of DM diagnosis.

Results
Anti-TIF1-gamma autoantibodies were detected in 19/101 (18.8%), 15/113 (13.2%), 34/131 (26%) and 45/131 (34.4%) of the patients with IP, LB, in-house and commercial ELISA, respectively. The anti-TIF1-gamma results from the in-house ELISA were confirmed with IP in 93 of 101 (92%) cases, κ = 0.76, with a commercial ELISA in 110 of 131 (84%) cases, κ = 0.63, and with LB in 101 of 113 (89.3%) cases, κ = 0.67. Anti-TIF1-gamma results with IP were confirmed with LB in 85 of 92 (92.4%) cases, κ = 0.73. For detecting CADM, the anti-TIF1-gamma in-house ELISA had a sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 86%, the commercial ELISA had a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 82%, IP had a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 92%, LB had a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 96%.

Conclusion
The two anti-TIF1-gamma ELISA assays had advantages both for autoantibody detection and to identify anti-TIF1-gamma-positive CADM.
Sacubitril/valsartan protects against arsenic trioxide induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Chen Hongzhu , Lin Liwang , Lu Jing , Zhao Qilei , Dong Zengxiang , Hai Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cardiotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide (ATO) limits its clinical application in acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment. Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) is an effective drug for the treatment of heart failure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of LCZ696 against the ATO-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and H9c2 cells. We found that LCZ696 could alleviate the decrease of ejection fraction and fractional shortening induced by ATO, thereby improving mouse cardiac contractile function. LCZ696 could also reduce the myocardial enzyme, resist oxidative stress, mitigate myocardial fibrosis, and ameliorate myocardial structure, thereby alleviating myocardial damage caused by ATO. In addition, LCZ696 could significantly increase the cell viability and reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in ATO-treated H9c2 cells. Besides, in vivo and in vitro studies have been found that LCZ696 could restore the expression of Bcl-2 and reduce Bax and Caspase-3 levels, inhibiting ATO-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, LCZ696 decreased the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, alleviating the inflammatory injury caused by ATO. Furthermore, LCZ696 prevented NF-κB upregulation induced by ATO. Our findings revealed that LCZ696 has a considerable effect on preventing cardiotoxicity induced by ATO, which attributes to its capability to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Japanese Exclusion and Environmental Conservation in the BC Salmon Fisheries, 1900-1930
Authors: Bryce Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Between 1900 and 1930, fishermen, cannery workers, investors, fisheries officials, and federal commissioners in British Columbia knew that the salmon in the Fraser and Skeena Rivers were overfished. They saw the solution in hatcheries, controlling when and where people could fish, and limiting the number of fishermen engaged in the commercial fisheries. Yet while the first two solutions relied on a certain scientific logic, the last issue was highly influenced by racial ideologies. In the immediate aftermath of Canada’s 1908 Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan and with greater force after the First World War, the government and white nationalists sought to curtail the presence of Japanese immigrants and Canadians of Japanese heritage in the BC salmon fisheries. They explicitly described their goals as a strategy for fish conservation and as a way to make the fisheries more accessible to white fishermen. This article shows that local contingencies made the workforces and racial anxieties different not only in BC and California or in Alaska and Hawai‘i, but also on the southern and northern coasts of the same province. Merging the often-separate histories of environment and Asian exclusion, this article argues that between 1900 and 1930, government policies in British Columbia aimed at conservation and public concerns about resource depletion were infused with racial ideologies. It demonstrates how state efforts to regulate the fishing industry, and more specifically human responses to changing environmental conditions, became highly linked with the anti-Asian agitation that had already taken hold on the Pacific coast of North America.
Role of Fibular Allograft in Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Segarra Borja , Molina Marta , Aguilella Luis 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To analyze the outcomes and complication rates of fibular allografts (FA) as an augmentation technique for proximal humeral fractures and determine their appropriate indications.

Data Sources:
English- and Spanish-language articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (Core Collection), and Google Scholar databases were systematically reviewed with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines on April 10, 2020.

Study Selection:
Studies of patients with proximal humeral fractures treated primarily with FA and locking compression plates and with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included, and presenting results with standardized clinical scales, radiological values, and operative complications.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies with a standardized data collection form. Subsequently, each extracted data set was consolidated on the agreement of authors.

Data Synthesis:
From the initial screening of 361 articles, 5 case series and 6 retrospective cohort studies were included. A meta-analysis was not performed.

Conclusions:
FA improved the clinical and radiological results, thereby reducing complications. The optimal indication for this procedure may be a 4-part fracture with medial column disruption in younger adults.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nearest-Neighbors Matching for Case–Control Study Analyses: Better Risk Factor Identification From a Study of Sporadic Campylobacteriosis in the United States
Authors: Cui Zhaohui , Marder Ellyn P. , Click Eleanor S. , Hoekstra Robert M. , Bruce Beau B. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Case–control studies are commonly used to explore factors associated with enteric bacterial diseases. Control of confounding is challenging due to a large number of exposures of interest and the low frequencies of many of them.

Methods:
We evaluated nearest-neighbors matching in a case–control study (originally 1:1 matched, published in 2004) of sporadic Campylobacter infections that included information on 433 exposures in 2632 subjects during 1998–1999. We performed multiple imputations of missing data (m = 100) and calculated Gower distances between cases and controls using all possible confounders for each exposure in each dataset. We matched each case with ≤20 controls within a data-determined distance. We calculated odds ratios and population attributable fractions (PAFs).

Results:
Examination of pairwise correlation between exposures found very strong associations for 1046 pairs of exposures. More than 100 exposures were associated with campylobacteriosis, including nearly all risk factors identified using the previously published approach that included only 16 exposures and some less studied, rare exposures such as consumption of chicken liver and raw clams. Consumption of chicken and nonpoultry meat had the highest PAFs (62% and 59%, respectively).

Conclusions:
Nearest-neighbors matching appear to provide an improved ability to examine rare exposures and better control for numerous highly associated confounders.
Latent Class Models of Early-life Trauma and Incident Breast Cancer
Authors: Woo Jennifer M. P. , Simanek Amanda , O’Brien Katie M. , Parks Christine , Gaston Symielle , Auer Paul L. , Konkel Rebecca Headley , Jackson Chandra L. , Meier Helen C. S. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Psychosocial trauma has been hypothesized to influence breast cancer risk, but little is known about how co-occurring traumas—particularly during early life—may impact incidence. We examine the relationship between multiple measures of early-life trauma and incident breast cancer.

Methods:
The Sister Study is a prospective cohort study of US women (n = 50,884; enrollment 2003–2009; ages 35–74). Of 45,961 eligible participants, 3,070 developed invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ through 2017. We assessed trauma before age 18 using previously studied measures (cumulative score, individual trauma type, and substantive domain) and a six-class latent variable to evaluate co-occurring traumas. We accounted for missing data using multiple imputation and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results:
Approximately 49% of participants reported early-life trauma. Using the latent class variable approach, breast cancer hazard was higher among participants who had sexual trauma or household dysfunction (HR = 1.1; CI = 0.93, 1.3) or moderate (HR = 1.2; CI = 0.99, 1.4) but not high trauma (HR = 0.66; CI = 0.44, 0.99) compared to low trauma. Breast cancer HRs associated with sexual early-life trauma or household dysfunction were elevated for pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer and by estrogen receptor status. We found no effect modification by race-ethnicity. Estimated effects were attenuated with report of constant childhood social support.

Conclusions:
Breast cancer incidence varied by latent patterns of co-occurring early-life trauma. Models capturing childhood social support and trauma patterning, rather than cumulative or discrete indicators, may be more meaningful in breast cancer risk assessment.
Clinical Characteristics and Severity Distribution of Tertiary Eye Center Attendance by Ocular Chemical Injury Patients
Authors: Akgun Zeynep , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait , Yagci Ayse , Selver Ozlem Barut 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To report demographic characteristics, types and grades of injury, regional distribution of injury severity, clinical findings, and long-term results of acute ocular chemical burns.

Methods:
Medical records of patients with chemical burns between 2010 and 2020 who were admitted to Ege University less than 72 hr after the injury were reviewed. Age, gender, cause of the burn, injury severity, initial and final best-corrected visual acuity, surgical intervention, and complications were recorded. The injury severity was graded according to Dua classification.

Results:
A total of 104 patients (137 eyes) were included. The mean age was 42.69±17.39 (7–90) years with a male-to-female ratio of 86:18. The most common causes were home (32.6%) and industrial accidents (45.1%). The causative agent percentages for alkaline, acid, and neutral were 49.0%, 35.5%, and 5.7%, respectively. The percentages of eyes in each grade (1–6) were 16.0%, 16.0%, 15.3%, 16.7%, 17.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. Complications mostly occurred in eyes with grade 2 or higher injuries (83.7%). The relationship between injury grade and limbal stem-cell deficiency was statistically significant (P<0.001). Surgery was mostly needed in grade 4 or higher injuries (44 eyes).

Conclusion:
The severity of the burn is one of the most important prognostic factors in chemical burns. It is important to determine the spreading of the regional injury severity beside the global one to predict complication risk of the injuries. In the present study, the injury distribution was homogeneous in all grades. Limbal stem-cell deficiency development took place mostly in grade 5 and 6 burns as expected.
Ambroxol for neuropathic pain: hiding in plain sight?
Authors: Russo Marc A. , Baron Ralf , Dickenson Anthony H. , Kern Kai-Uwe , Santarelli Danielle M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ambroxol is a multifaceted drug with primarily mucoactive and secretolytic actions, along with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and local anaesthetic properties. It has a long history of use in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases and has shown to be efficacious in relieving sore throat. In more recent years, ambroxol has gained interest for its potential usefulness in treating neuropathic pain. Research into this area has been slow, despite clear preclinical evidence to support its primary analgesic mechanism of action—blockade of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in sensory neurons. Ambroxol is a commercially available inhibitor of Nav1.8, a crucial player in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, and Nav1.7, a particularly exciting target for the treatment of chronic pain. In this review, we discuss the analgesic mechanisms of action of ambroxol, as well as proposed synergistic properties, followed by the preclinical and clinical results of its use in the treatment of persistent pain and neuropathic pain symptoms, including trigeminal neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome. With its well-established safety profile, extensive preclinical and clinical drug data, and early evidence of clinical effectiveness, ambroxol is an old drug worthy of further investigation for repurposing. As a patent-expired drug, a push is needed to progress the drug to clinical trials for neuropathic pain. We encourage the pharmaceutical industry to look at patented drug formulations and take an active role in bringing an optimized version for neuropathic pain to market.
Monthly injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine to manage HIV infection in adults
Authors: Blackwell Christopher W. , López Castillo Humberto 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The FDA recently approved a unique treatment regimen for management of HIV-1 infection in adults. A one-time per month injection of cabotegravir/rilpivirine can replace a current, stable antiretroviral regimen in those with virologic suppression, without history of treatment failure, or known or suspected resistance with cabotegravir or rilpivirine. A one-month oral trial should be initiated before switching to the extended-release injectable formulation. Cabotegravir/rilpivirine showed continued virologic suppression without clinically relevant changes in CD4+ cell counts. Clinicians should understand this new HIV regimen, its indications and suitability for select patients, administration and dosing, interactions, and most reported adverse events.
Improving acute pain management of trauma patients on medication-assisted therapy
Authors: Broughton-Miller Kimberly D. , Urquhart Grace Ellen 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Approximately 9,500,000 people in the United States misused opioids in 2020. Many people manage their opioid use disorder (OUD) with medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Using MAT to address OUD adds to the complexities and challenges of adequate acute pain control.

Local Problem:
Chart review indicated only 20% of trauma patients on MAT achieved adequate pain control on the trauma service at the University of Louisville Hospital. This quality initiative aimed to increase patient pain control to 50% in 90 days.

Methods:
A rapid cycle quality improvement project with four plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles was conducted over 8 weeks. Four core interventions were implemented concurrently, with tests of change biweekly. Qualitative and qualitative data analyses were completed at each cycle.

Interventions:
The core interventions included a risk assessment tool, shared decision-making (SDM) tool, provider checklist, and a team engagement plan.

Results:
The number of patients with a pain score of ≤5 (scale 0–10) increased to 78% from 20%. The mean pain score decreased from 8 to 4.6. The fourth PDSA cycle results showed a 92% patient engagement with SDM and 100% utilization of the provider checklist. Team engagement scores greater than 4 on a 5-point Likert scale were 86%.

Conclusions:
Effective patient-centered acute pain control for trauma patients on MAT is achievable. The combined use of an SDM tool and a provider checklist was an efficient way to provide effective and patient-centered care and positively affected patient outcomes.
Coaching quality improvement in primary care to improve hypertension control
Authors: Saunders Emily , Teall Alice M. , Zurmehly Joyce , Bolen Shari D. , Crane Dushka , Wright Jackson , Perzynski Adam , Lever Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Effective management of hypertension (HTN) is a priority in primary care, necessary to decrease the costs, morbidity, and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. Strategies to support quality improvement (QI) efforts in primary care are needed to make significant improvements in population health, especially for patients who experience socioeconomic inequalities.

Local problem:
To address the high rate (>50%) of uncontrolled HTN in the state of Ohio, a statewide QI project was implemented in high-volume Medicaid practices, aimed at improving blood pressure control and addressing racial disparities. The initiative expanded to include coaching QI to support efforts in primary care practices.

Methods:
The Model for Improvement guided development of Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles facilitated by QI coaching and APRN collaboration to implement key components of HTN guidelines: accurate blood pressure measurement, effective treatment, and timely follow-up.

Interventions:
Interventions were implemented after PDSA cycles over 18 months in two practice sites to address HTN control. Linking multiple PDSA test cycles and review of data bimonthly allowed for reflection on the impact of interventions for non-Hispanic Black patients and the overall patient population.

Results:
The percentage of patients with controlled HTN, repeat blood pressure measurement, and timely follow-up improved in an urban primary care practice associated with an academic medical center and in a rural federally qualified health center.

Conclusions:
Primary care practices can benefit from the external support of coaching when implementing QI processes to make meaningful change. APRNs are key collaborators for expanding QI efforts in primary care.