bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy with polidocanol: A systematic review
Authors: Bossart Simon , Daneluzzi Cloé , Cazzaniga Simone , Ramelet Albert‐Adrien , Uthoff Heiko , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza , Baumgartner Marc , Hunger Robert E. , Heidemeyer Kristine , Willenberg Torsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSkin hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy with polidocanol‐containing sclerosants is a common local side effect. Sclerotherapists should be familiar with factors that trigger hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy with polidocanol‐containing sclerosants. A systematic literature review of works reporting hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy for telangiectasias, reticular veins, side branches and truncal varices with polidocanol‐containing sclerosants was performed. Reported incidence rates, follow‐up periods and potentially triggering factors were assessed and analysed. The search yielded 1687 results; of these, 27 reports met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of hyperpigmentation seemed to increase with higher concentrations of polidocanol and was more evident after sclerotherapy for epifascial veins than for intrafascial truncal veins when the polidocanol concentration was more than 0.25%. Regarding sclerotherapy for telangiectasias and reticular veins, the incidence of hyperpigmentation ranged between 2% and 25% for polidocanol 0.25% (liquid and foam), between 12.5% and 67.9% for polidocanol 0.5% (liquid and foam) and between 13% and 73% for polidocanol 1% (liquid and foam). Regarding truncal veins, the incidence ranged from 7% to 45.8% for polidocanol 1% (liquid and foam), from 16% to 17% for polidocanol 2% (foam) and from 7.4% to 32.5% for polidocanol 3% (liquid and foam). Regarding the treatment of side branches, the incidence of hyperpigmentation ranged from 5.6% to 53% for both foam and liquid sclerotherapy. Regarding the duration of hyperpigmentation, there are few data describing reticular veins and telangiectasias. Hyperpigmentation persisting for more than 6 months has been reported to have an incidence of up to 7.5%. Hyperpigmentation persisting for more than 1 year after foam polidocanol 1%–3% treatment for truncal veins has an incidence ranging from 8.1% to 17.5%. Other factors such as higher volumes and compression therapy after treatment seem to have a minor influence. Data regarding hyperpigmentation after polidocanol‐related sclerotherapy are poor and should be improved by higher‐quality research.
Phylogenetic and environmental patterns of sex differentiation in physiological traits across Drosophila species
Authors: Kellermann Vanessa , Overgaard Johannes , Sgrò Carla M. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSex‐based differences in physiological traits may be influenced by both evolutionary and environmental factors. Here we used male and female flies from >80 Drosophila species reared under common conditions to examine variance in a number of physiological traits including size, starvation, desiccation and thermal tolerance. Sex‐based differences for desiccation and starvation resistance were comparable in magnitude to those for size, with females tending to be relatively more resistant than males. In contrast thermal resistance showed low divergence between the sexes. Phylogenetic signal was detected for measures of divergence between the sexes, such that species from the Sophophora clade showed larger differences between the sexes than species from the Drosophila clade. We also found that sex‐based differences in desiccation resistance, body size and starvation resistance were weakly associated with climate (annual mean temperature/precipitation seasonality) but the direction and association with environment depended on phylogenetic position. The results suggest that divergence between the sexes can be linked to environmental factors, while an association with phylogeny suggests sex‐based differences persist over long evolutionary time‐frames.
Single‐rooted extraction socket classification: A systematic review and proposal of a new classification system based on morphologic and patient‐related factors
Authors: Sabri Hamoun , Barootchi Shayan , Heck Teresa , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTaxonomy and classification of a disease contributes to facilitating the diagnosis and treatment planning process and simplifies communication between clinicians. The aim of this study was to provide a critical appraisal based on a systematic review of the single‐rooted extraction socket (ES) classifications and subsequently, introduce a new classification system combining the cornerstones of the previously proposed systems and based on the latest consensus in implant dentistry. Following the systematic search process in PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases 13 ES classifications were detected. The most repeated hard and soft tissue factors in the previous classifications were buccal bone dehiscence, interproximal bone, gingival recession, and soft tissue phenotype. However, there was minimal attention to patient‐related factors such as systemic conditions and smoking. Therefore, a new classification system based on the combination of patient‐related factors, clinical and radiographical parameters was proposed. This divides an ES into three types. Class I and II sockets are candidates for receiving immediate implant placement and conversely, a class III socket includes a compromised condition that requires multiple‐stage reconstruction mostly suitable for standard delayed implant placement with alveolar ridge preservation. Within the limitations of this study, the new classification system not only provides comprehensive inclusion of various crucial parameters in implant placement (such as prediction of future implant position and osteotomy difficulty, etc.) but also, in contrast to the previously introduced systems, is able to classify the ES prior to extraction and also, takes into the account the patient‐related factors as the class modifiers following the extraction.
Observations of hypomelanosis in the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum
Authors: Shipley Oliver N. , Fitzgerald Jamie , Horne Bryan , Crowe Steven , Gallagher Austin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHypomelanosis refers to a suite of skin pigment abnormalities, including albinism, leucism and piebaldism. While documented across many vertebrate species, examples of hypomelanosis are rarely seen in chondrichthyans, with little insight into the potential effects on survival. Here, we report the first observation of abnormal skin pigmentation indicative of piebaldism in the Atlantic nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum, representing only the second reported case of skin aberrations for this species. This extremely rare observation is discussed in the broader context of fitness variation and long‐term survival.
A national qualitative study of Hospital‐at‐Home implementation under the CMS Acute Hospital Care at Home waiver
Authors: Gorbenko Ksenia , Baim‐Lance Abigail , Franzosa Emily , Wurtz Heather , Schiller Gabrielle , Masse Sybil , Ornstein Katherine A. , Federman Alex , Levine David M. , DeCherrie Linda V. , Leff Bruce , Siu Albert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced the Acute Hospital Care at Home (AHCaH) waiver program in November 2020 to help expand hospital capacity to cope with the COVID‐19 pandemic. The AHCaH waived the 24/7 on‐site nursing requirement and enabled hospitals to obtain full hospital‐level diagnosis‐related group (DRG) reimbursement for providing Hospital‐at‐Home (HaH) care. This study sought to describe AHCaH implementation processes and strategies at the national level and identify challenges and facilitators to launching or adapting a HaH to meet waiver requirements.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews to explore barriers and facilitators of HaH implementation. The analysis was informed by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) implementation framework. Interviews were audio recorded for transcription and thematic coding.Principal FindingsWe interviewed a sample of clinical leaders (N = 18; clinical/medical directors, operational and program managers) from 14 new and pre‐existing U.S. HaH programs diverse by size, urbanicity, and geography. Participants were enthusiastic about the AHCaH waiver. Participants described barriers and facilitators at planning and implementation stages within three overarching themes influencing waiver program implementation: 1) institutional value and assets; 2) program components, such as electronic health records, vendors, pharmacy, and patient monitoring; and 3) patient enrollment, including eligibility and geographic limits.ConclusionsImplementation of AHCaH waiver is a complex process that requires building components in compliance with the requirements to extend the hospital into the home, in coordination with internal and external partners. The study identified barriers that potential adopters and proponents should consider alongside the strategies that some organizations have found useful. Clarity regarding the waiver's future may expedite HaH model dissemination and ensure longevity of this valuable model of care delivery.
Resident racial and ethnic composition, neighborhood‐level socioeconomic status, and COVID‐19 infections in California SNFs
Authors: Engeda Joseph C. , Karmarkar Ellora N. , Mitsunaga Tisha M. , Raymond Kristal L. , Oh Peter , Epson Erin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn California, >29,000 residents in skilled nursing facility (SNFs) were diagnosed with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) between March 2020 and November 2020. Prior research suggests that SNFs serving racially and ethnically minoritized residents often have fewer resources and lower quality of care. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of COVID‐19 incidence among residents in California SNFs, assessing the association of SNF‐level racial and ethnic compositions and facility‐ and neighborhood‐level (census tract‐ and county‐level) indicators of socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsSNFs were grouped based on racial and ethnic composition using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; categories included SNFs with ≥88% White residents, SNFs with ≥32% Black or Latinx residents, SNFs with ≥32% Asian residents, or SNFs not serving a high proportion of any racial and ethnic composition (mixed). SNF resident‐level COVID‐19 infection data were obtained from the National Healthcare Safety Network from May 25, 2020 to August 16, 2020. Multilevel mixed‐effects negative binomial regressions were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for confirmed COVID‐19 infections among residents.ResultsAmong 971 SNFs included in our sample, 119 (12.3%) had ≥88% White residents; 215 (22.1%) had ≥32% Black or Latinx residents; 78 (8.0%) had ≥32% Asian residents; and 559 (57.6%) were racially and ethnically mixed. After adjusting for confounders, SNFs with ≥32% Black or Latinx residents (IRR = 2.40 [95% CI = 1.56, 3.68]) and SNFs with mixed racial and ethnic composition (IRR = 2.12 [95% CI = 1.49, 3.03]) both had higher COVID‐19 incidence rates than SNFs with ≥88% White residents. COVID‐19 incidence rates were also found to be higher in SNFs with low SES neighborhoods compared to those in high SES neighborhoods.ConclusionPublic health personnel should consider SNF‐ and neighborhood‐level factors when identifying facilities to prioritize for COVID‐19 outbreak prevention and control.
Quantitative and carbon isotope ratio analysis of fatty acids isolated from human brain hemispheres
Authors: Lacombe R. J. Scott , Smith Mackenzie E. , Perlman Kelly , Turecki Gustavo , Mechawar Naguib , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur knowledge surrounding the overall fatty acid profile of the adult human brain has been largely limited to extrapolations from brain regions in which the distribution of fatty acids varies. This is especially problematic when modeling brain fatty acid metabolism, therefore, an updated estimate of whole‐brain fatty acid concentration is necessitated. Here, we sought to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of fatty acids from entire well‐characterized human brain hemispheres (n = 6) provided by the Douglas‐Bell Canada Brain Bank. Additionally, exploratory natural abundance carbon isotope ratio (CIR; δ13C, 13C/12C) analysis was performed to assess the origin of brain fatty acids. Brain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were quantified by gas chromatography (GC)‐flame ionization detection and minor n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid pentafluorobenzyl esters by GC‐mass spectrometry. Carbon isotope ratio values of identifiable FAMEs were measured by GC‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Overall, the most abundant fatty acid in the human brain was oleic acid, followed by stearic acid (STA), palmitic acid (PAM), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA). Interestingly, cholesterol as well as saturates including PAM and STA were most enriched in 13C, while PUFAs including DHA and ARA were most depleted in 13C. These findings suggest a contribution of endogenous synthesis utilizing dietary sugar substrates rich in 13C, and a combination of marine, animal, and terrestrial PUFA sources more depleted in 13C, respectively. These results provide novel insights on cerebral fatty acid origin and concentration, the latter serving as a valuable resource for future modeling of fatty acid metabolism in the human brain.image
Dissonance, Reflection and Reframing: Unpacking the Black Box of Motivation Internalization
Authors: Hewett Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelf‐determination theory (SDT) suggests that motivation internalization is a proactive process in which people ‘take into themselves’ the reason for engaging in a task. This has important managerial implications because internalized motivation is beneficial for individual and group performance and wellbeing. Yet we know little about how individuals internalize their own motivation nor why individuals internalize their motivation for some tasks and not others. Through interviews with 40 employees in two charities I found that motivation internalization occurred through a process of reflection and cognitive reframing across three process narratives: developmental, opportunity‐enhancing, and prosocial internalization. Motivation internalization was triggered by cognitive dissonance arising from conflicting action tendencies and energized by the need to resolve motivational inconsistency or guilt. The source of this dissonance drives different process narratives, which are also associated with different behavioural and attitudinal outcomes. This research provides a deeper understanding of the proactive nature of motivation internalization and offers opportunities to integrate different theoretical perspectives on work motivation, which have traditionally been seen as conflicting.
Optic nerve sheath diameter in intracranial hypertension: Measurement external or internal of the dura mater?
Authors: Pansell Jakob , Bell Max , Rudberg Peter , Friman Ola , Cooray Charith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeOptic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a promising metric to estimate intracranial pressure (ICP). There is no consensus whether ONSD should be measured external (ONSDext) or internal (ONSDint) of the dura mater. Expert opinion favors ONSDint, though without clear evidence to support this. Adjustments of ONSD for eye diameter (ED) and optic nerve diameter (OND) have been suggested to improve precision. We examined the diagnostic accuracy of ONSDext and ONSDint for estimating ICP, unadjusted as well as adjusted for ED and OND.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study, measuring ONSDext and ONSDint in patients with invasive ICP monitoring at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. We used ONSDext and ONSDint unadjusted as well as adjusted for ED and for OND. We compared the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUROC) for these methods. Thresholds for elevated ICP were set at ≥20 and ≥22 mmHg, respectively.ResultsWe included 220 measurements from 100 patients. Median ONSDext and ONSDint were significantly different at 6.7 and 5.2 mm (p = .00). There was no significant difference in AUROC for predicting elevated ICP between ONSDext and ONSDint (.67 vs. .64, p = .31). Adjustment for ED yielded better diagnostic accuracy (AUROC, cutoff, sensitivity, specificity) for ONSDext/ED (.76, .29, .81, .62) and ONSDint/ED (.71, .24, .5, .89).ConclusionsONSDext and ONSDint differ significantly and are not interchangeable. However, there were no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between ONSDext and ONSDint. Adjustment for ED may improve diagnostic accuracy of ONSD.
Incipient woody plant encroachment signals heightened vulnerability for an intact grassland region
Authors: Fogarty Dillon T. , Allen Craig R. , Twidwell Dirac 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuestionWhat constrains Juniperus virginiana encroachment in semi‐arid grasslands: precipitation‐based constraints on establishment or dispersal‐based constraints on spread?LocationSandhills grassland, Nebraska, USA.MethodsWe tracked juvenile and adult stages of J. virginiana encroachment using field sampling and remote sensing across a network of 40 sites spanning a wide precipitation gradient (399–655 mm). Regional patterns of encroachment were then used to assess the relative support for precipitation‐based constraints on establishment versus dispersal‐based constraints on spread in a region transitioning to a more encroached state.ResultsWoody encroachment was widespread and we found no evidence that low precipitation precludes encroachment in the Sandhills. Instead, encroachment patterns were best described by proximity to planted propagule sources. However, levels of encroachment were highly variable. Encroachment density was low at more arid sites that lacked nearby stands of planted J. virginiana, and encroachment tended to increase with proximity to plantings and higher mean annual precipitation, suggesting that both variables play a role in the rate of encroachment.ConclusionOur results indicate that woody encroachment is constrained by dispersal in the Sandhills and that planted propagule sources increase grassland vulnerability to encroachment, regardless of mean annual precipitation. This may be true for other intact grassland regions where barriers to woody plant establishment have been altered or overcome. A key implication is that programs and policies need to consider encroachment risks from planted propagule sources and how to manage them to avoid fragmentation of intact grasslands.
The challenging coexistence of forest elephants Loxodonta cyclotis and timber concessions in central Africa
Authors: Scalbert Morgane , Vermeulen Cédric , Breuer Thomas , Doucet Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

With a drastic decrease in their populations over the last decades, forest elephants Loxodonta cyclotis are facing increasing human pressure. Their decline will have serious ecological consequences, as they are key actors in shaping ecosystems. Whilst timber concessions host many mammal species, the interactions between selective logging and forest elephants remain unclear.

Through an extensive literature review, we discussed the following: 1) the ecological and human factors that drive the distribution of forest elephants on a large scale as well as in the specific context of logged forests; 2) the contribution of forest elephants to the regeneration of timber species; and 3) the damage caused by forest elephants to timber species.

Although human activities have the greatest impact on forest elephant distribution, it is the availability of food, water, and minerals that locally determines their use of the habitat. Under specific conditions, timber concessions may host large populations of forest elephants.

As effective seed dispersers, forest elephants contribute to the regeneration of at least 41 timber species, such as Bobgunnia fistuloides (pao rosa), one of the most expensive woods on the market.

Damage caused by forest elephants is diverse and affects a wide range of species. From branch breaking to bark stripping, at least 61 timber species are used by forest elephants, and little is known about the consequences for the tree's vitality and wood quality.

The interactions between forest elephants and logging are complex and involve many variables, requiring additional research. Nevertheless, this review suggests that timber concessions constitute key areas for forest elephant conservation, provided that low‐impact logging and wildlife management are implemented.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition interventions at primary health care units of Ethiopia: A consolidated framework for implementation research
Authors: Endris Bilal Shikur , Fenta Esete , Getnet Yalemwork , Spigt Mark , Dinant Geert‐Jan , Gebreyesus Seifu H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence clearly shows poor implementation of nutrition interventions, in Ethiopia and other African countries, with many missed opportunities in the first 1000 days of life. Even though there are high‐impact interventions in this critical period, little is known about the barriers and facilitators influencing their implementation. This paper aims to explore barriers and facilitators for the implementation of nutrition services for small children with a focus on growth monitoring and promotion, iron‐folic acid supplementation and nutrition counselling. We conducted a qualitative study in four districts of Ethiopia. The data collection and analysis were guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). A total of 42 key informant interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and service providers. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using CIFR constructs. We found that from 39 constructs of CFIR, 14 constructs influenced the implementation of nutrition interventions. Major barriers included lack of functional anthropometric equipment and high caseload (complexity), poor staff commitment and motivation (organisational incentive and reward), closed health posts (patient need and resource), false reporting (culture), lack of priority for nutrition service (relative priority), poor knowledge among service providers (knowledge and belief about the intervention) and lack of active involvement and support from leaders (leadership engagement). Adaptability and tension for change were the facilitators for the implementation of nutrition interventions. Effective implementation of nutrition interventions at primary health care units requires several actions such as improving the healthcare providers' motivation, improving leadership engagement, and creating a strong system for monitoring, supportive supervision and accountability.