bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Figures du moi et environnement naturel au xviiie siècle
Authors: Guichet Jean-Luc 
Published: March 2022

Cet ouvrage relie deux notions fondamentales des Lumières : d’une part, le moi et, d’autre part, la nature proche, en rapport vécu avec l’homme, qui correspond avec quelques nuances à ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui « environnement ». Si ces deux notions ont souvent déjà été étudiées, c’est soit en les mêlant à d’autres, telles le sujet ou l’individu pour le moi, soit en les reportant sur la nature, le « sentiment de la nature » ou la généalogie de l’écologie pour l’environnement, et, surtout, sans prendre particulièrement en compte leur lien mutuel. Or, au sortir du xviie siècle, le moi, dépouillé par la critique philosophique de son armature interne d’âme ou de substance, est en quête d’une matrice pour se penser sur un mode désormais non essentialiste. C’est alors en se projetant dans des types de rapport qu’il pourra produire de nouveaux modèles d’intelligibilité de lui-même, participant ainsi indirectement de la genèse de l’anthropologie en cours : qu’il s’agisse du moi fragile, exposé aux déterminismes extérieurs et foncièrement incertain de lui-même ; du moi cadré, observant un ordre fixé par une volonté surplombante, souvent - mais pas toujours - celle de Dieu lui-même ; du moi fort, maître d’une nature à administrer et de climats à transformer (mais susceptible aussi de formes plus originales) ; ou enfin du moi saturé, débordé par une capacité d’émotion se projetant à travers l’extériorité naturelle.
Ces différentes figures - qui se croisent et se combinent chez Locke, Hume, Condillac, Dubos, Montesquieu, Volney, Linné, Diderot, Buffon, Marivaux, Prévost, Rousseau, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre et bien d’autres encore -, loin de types rigides et séparés, sont autant de visages du même moi multiple, celui de la modernité et peu ou prou toujours le nôtre. Cette reconfiguration fondamentale opérée au xviiie siècle, nouant le destin du moi à son environnement, installe un terrain de sensibilité qui permettra aux siècles suivants, malgré tous les obstacles, retards et difficultés, la réception de l’écologie scientifique, puis politique et enfin aujourd’hui éthique, horizon irréductible à une simple nécessité extérieure et fonctionnelle.
La notion de jouissance chez Spinoza
Authors: Cortés Juan Vicente 
Published: March 2022

Bien que marginale, la notion de jouissance joue un rôle fondamental dans le programme philosophique de Spinoza. Si certains commentateurs se sont penchés sur cette notion notamment à partir de l’étude de l’affect de gaudium, leurs études sont centrées uniquement sur les problèmes que ce dernier peut poser à l’éthique spinozienne. Ils passent ainsi sous silence le rôle structural de la notion de jouissance, qui se dévoile pourtant à qui prête attention à son champ lexical.

Ce livre délie la trame complexe que forment les termes gaudium, fruitio, delectatio et obtinentia dans la philosophie de Spinoza, pour rendre possible une reconstruction du concept de jouissance. La notion de jouissance n’est, en effet, pas réductible à l’affect passif de joie, dénommé gaudium et défini en Éthique III, ni même à un simple affect, actif ou passif. Quelle est donc la vraie place de la jouissance dans le système de Spinoza ? Qui jouit ? De quoi jouit-on ? Voici quelques-unes des questions que ce livre s’efforce d’éclairer, en parcourant des chemins divers – analyse lexicale, reconstruction conceptuelle, comparaison structurale –, toujours à partir de textes précis pris dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre du philosophe.
Les mondes du voyageur
Authors: Gallegos Gabilondo Simón 
Published: March 2022

Qu’est-ce que l’exploration ? Comment se présente-t-elle dans les voyages qui ont dessiné la cartographie du monde moderne de la Renaissance aux Lumières ? Par l’étude d’un corpus portant sur le Nouveau Monde et le Continent austral, cet ouvrage analyse le rapport avec le nouveau et l’inconnu. Il a pour but de montrer que l’épistémologie de l’exploration est un champ sui generis à travers lequel se laisse ressaisir l’âge classique. Trois pôles organisent ce champ. La géographie, d’abord, avec la terra incognita de l’exploration comme lieu paradoxal, horizon de sens et prisme philosophique de Bacon à d’Alembert. L’anthropologie, ensuite, avec les récits de voyageurs qui affirment avoir bel et bien vu des géants et la grande polémique sur l’existence de ces derniers qui court d’Acosta à Buffon. Le temps, enfin, avec la réflexion sur le vieillissement du monde, l’appauvrissement de la nature et la gigantum demonstratio chez Vico. Cette histoire philosophique de l’exploration construit bien un moment singulier qui prend fin avec la conviction que le globe est désormais connu. Alors, quand il n’y a plus rien à savoir de ce monde, c’est le savoir lui-même qui doit se penser autrement.
Thomas Hobbes et l’histoire
Authors: Dubos Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

Hobbes est souvent perçu comme un philosophe indifférent à l’histoire. L’objet de ce livre consiste à réviser cette lecture en dégageant l’intérêt des rapports qu’entretiennent, en particulier dans le Léviathan, système philosophique et récit historique.

Car il y a bien un « problème de l’histoire » chez Hobbes. L’histoire dans tous ses champs, civils et sacrés, antiques et modernes, narratifs et exégétiques, l’a occupé toute sa vie. Surtout, il a lesté le Léviathan de contenus historiques qui forment plus de la moitié de son volume. Mieux, vingt ans après son traité majeur, il s’est fait historien de la guerre civile anglaise, avec le Béhémoth. Il affirme pourtant, dans tous ses grands traités, que l’objet de la philosophie politique consiste à atteindre les principes anhistoriques de la souveraineté et de l’obéissance. Le présent ouvrage s’attache à défaire cette difficulté en montrant que s’il sépare méthodiquement système et récits, Hobbes les articule toujours dans l’unité de ses questions fondamentales.
Awareness on consent and counselling among patients attending tertiary care hospitals : a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rao M. S. , Sagar P. , Kumari B. V. S. R. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSurgical consent and counselling are an integral part of medical practice and medical education. This study was done to know how many of the residents provide complete and accurate information to the patient during their training period. MethodsSixty residents from various surgical departments and 40 patients who were undergoing surgery were selected. The data was collected through interviews using two different questionnaires. The resident’s questionnaire provided the information they provide to patients. The patient’s questionnaire provided information on the level of their understanding from the interaction. Data were analysed using coGuide. ResultsOut of 60 residents, 56(92 %) reported that the side effects and consequences were explained fully. 25% of residents mentioned the name of the surgery and nearly 100% did not mention the operating surgeon’s or unit in charge name. About 79% of residents felt that the patient was convinced with their way of communication, nearly 93 % of patients were convinced their disease process was explained well and 50% felt that the doctor informed the consequences of surgery well. 75% responded that doctor did not inform about the side-effects 98% were not aware of the alternative forms of treatment and, 87% of patients were not informed about the chances of recurrence of disease where ever applicable. ConclusionThe majority of residents were convinced that their conveying skills are adequate for surgical counselling but they felt the need to improve. The majority of patients denied discussing complications when occurred.
Incidence of urethral stricture following bipolar transurethral resection of prostate
Authors: Mannem Srinath Reddy , Mallikarjuna Chiruvella , Bhavatej Enganti , Taif N. Bendigeri Mohammed , Ravichander Oleti , Syed M. Ghouse 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) is a commonly performed procedure, although it has not yet surpassed the gold standard monopolar TURP. The incidence and contributing factors to the development of urethral stricture following B-TURP are still a matter of debate and were analyzed in the present study.

Methods:
This prospective study evaluated patients who underwent B-TURP. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and data on other specific investigations were analyzed. B-TURP was performed using an Olympus TURis bipolar system. Patients were followed up for 6 months with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak flow rate (Q-max), and residual urine estimation. Urethral stricture was defined as narrowing of the urethral lumen requiring instrumentation to improve the urinary flow rate.

Results:
A total of 352 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 67 ± 8.6 years. The mean preoperative IPSS, prostate volume, and Q-max were 21 ± 4, 58.8 ± 31.7 cm3, and 8 ± 3 mL/sec, respectively. The mean meatal caliber was 28 ± 2 Fr. In 209 patients (59.4%), B-TURP was performed using a 24-Fr resectoscope, while in the remaining 143 (40.6%), a 26-Fr resectoscope was used. The mean resection times with the 24-Fr and 26-Fr resectoscopes were 36.5 ± 19.8 min and 63.5 ± 30 min, respectively. Urethral strictures were identified in 15 patients, with an incidence of 4.3%. Mean meatal caliber was significantly related to the risk of stricture formation (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The incidence of urethral stricture after B-TURP was 4.3%. We found that small meatal caliber was associated with an increased risk of urethral stricture following B-TURP.
Outcome of post-COVID-19 fungal pyelonephritis
Authors: Pathak Niramya J. , Surwase Pavan P. , Karthik U. S. , Patil Abhijit P. , Konnur Abhijit M. , Soni Shailesh M. , Singh Abhishek G. , Ganpule Arvind P. , Sabnis Ravindra B. , Desai Mahesh R. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
COVID-19 pandemic is associated with secondary opportunistic fungal infections. These have an aggressive course with a high mortality rate. We present our experience of seven cases of post-COVID-19 fungal pyelonephritis.

Methods:
An observational study over a period of 8 months of May to December 2021 was carried out at our tertiary care hospital, including all patients with features of fungal pyelonephritis in post-COVID-19 setting. The patient demographics, details of previous COVID-19 infection, details of present admission and management were collected. The endpoints were either discharge from the hospital or death.

Results:
Seven patients were included. Mean age of presentation was 42 years (range: 20–63 years, standard deviation ± 14.2). Male-to-female ratio was 6:1. One patient was diabetic. Two patients were asymptomatic, one had mild infection, and four patients had severe COVID-19 infection as per National Institute of Health criteria. In the present admission, all patients had symptomatic pyelonephritis with laboratory parameters showing elevated D dimer, C reactive protein, and total leukocyte counts. In all seven patients, ultrasound of kidney ureter bladder region showed bulky kidney, color Doppler showed main renal arterial thrombosis in two patients, segmental arterial thrombosis in another patient. Computed tomography scan was suggestive of changes of pyelonephritis in all patients with multiple renal hypodense areas. All patients required nephrectomy with biopsy suggestive of changes of necrotizing fungal inflammation. Three patients expired.

Conclusion:
Management of post-COVID-19 fungal pyelonephritis should be aggressive and suspicious laboratory and imaging findings should be treated by early nephrectomy.
Outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery in renal calculi of varying size
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Vigneswara Srinivasan Sockkalingam , Palathullil Datson George , Sam Dempsey Mohan , Prasad Abhishek , Abraham George Palathullil 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Technological advancements have made it possible to attempt retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in patients with large renal calculi. The objective of this study was to compare the intraoperative adverse events, postoperative complications and stone free rates (SFR) of RIRS in patients with renal calculi of varying sizes.

Methods:
Patients who underwent RIRS for renal calculi between January 2016 and June 2020 were categorized into six size groups according to the longest dimension or cumulative measurement of the longest dimension of calculi as follows: Group 1 (1–9 mm), Group 2 (10–19 mm), Group 3 (20–29 mm), Group 4 (30–39 mm), Group 5 (40–49 mm) and Group 6 (≥50 mm). All the patients were followed up for a period of 6 months post treatment completion and the outcomes of interest were computed and compared.

Results:
Two hundred and ten patients were included in the analysis. Intraoperative adverse events were noted in 9.5%, 8%, 16.9%, 9.1%, 6.7% and 28.6% of the patients in groups 1–6, respectively (P = 0.453). The postoperative complications were noted in 4.8%, 5.3%, 6.8%, 15.2%, 26.7% and 42.9% of patients in groups 1–6, respectively (P = 0.024). The final SFRs were 95.2%, 100%, 96.6%, 90.9%, 86.7% and 71.4% in groups 1–6, respectively (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
RIRS is an effective treatment option for the management of renal stones, including those larger than 20 mm in size. We noted a size dependent increase in the postoperative complications and a reduction in the SFRs. The majority of the postoperative complications were low grade and no stone related events occurred in the patients who were managed conservatively for residual stones after surgery, on the short term follow up.
Renal mucormycosis presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Madduri Vijay Kumar Sarma , Jena Rahul , Baid Gaurav , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Sandhu Arjun Singh 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Renal mucormycosis has been documented to occur even in apparently immunocompetent individuals. Owing to the rarity of this disease, literature on its management is small. We present our experience of diagnosing and managing 11 cases of primary renal mucormycosis who presented during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Methods:
We reviewed the records of all patients presenting to our institute with a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis from March 2021 to September 2021. All patients with a radiological, microbiological, or histopathological diagnosis of renal mucormycosis were included in the analysis and all demographic and clinical details, including a history of COVID-19 disease and its treatment, were noted. All patients were treated by a combination of intravenous antifungal therapy and aggressive surgical debridement including nephrectomy and multivisceral resection as required. Predictors of mortality were evaluated by statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 93 patients presented to our hospital with features of acute pyelonephritis of which 11 patients were suspected to have primary renal mucormycosis based on characteristic imaging features and confirmed on microbiological and histopathological examination. Of these, four patients had a history of COVID-19 infection. Only one patient had diabetes mellitus. Ten patients underwent nephrectomy and seven needed resections of surrounding organs. The colon was the most commonly involved organ. Five patients (45.5%) died of progressive sepsis. None of the predictors of mortality that were analyzed showed statistical significance.

Conclusion:
A high index of suspicion, early cross-sectional imaging, prompt institution of antifungal therapy, and aggressive surgical extirpation are very important for achieving good outcomes in patients of primary renal mucormycosis.
Parosteal lipoma of the mandible
Authors: Potter Julie , Richards Charlotte , Collin John 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Lipomata are soft-tissue mesenchymal neoplasms that are benign in nature and often asymptomatic. Lipomata commonly occur in the body, however, only 1%–5% are identified within the oral cavity, and lipomata with osseous metaplasia account for <1% of all lipomata.

Materials and Methods:
A PubMed literature review designating search terms including “oral” and “parosteal lipoma” or “lipoma with osseous metaplasia” or “ossifying lipoma” or “osseous lipoma” was conducted.

Results:
The literature review identified two previous reports of parosteal localization of lipomata in the mandible and 22 cases of lipomata with osseous metaplasia within the oral cavity.

Conclusions:
With the initial suspicion of a more malevolent diagnosis, this rare entity, with only two other cases identified, is important to consider in the clinician's differential diagnoses.
Salivary metabolite signatures of oral cancer and leukoplakia through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Tantray Shoborose , Sharma Seema , Prabhat Kanika , Nasrullah Nazima , Gupta Manu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Saliva contains a large array of metabolites, many of which can be informative for the detection of diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a system that has long been used for metabolite profiling owing to its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and synchronized analysis; it has relatively broad coverage of compound classes including sugars, sugar alcohols, glycosides and lipophilic compounds.

Aim and Objectives:
The present study was conducted to explore the use of GC-MS in assessing variation in salivary metabolites and to recognize the metabolites which can be used as disease diagnostic tools and metabolite markers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
The present study included clinically and histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia patients (OLK) and the control group. Patients were divided into three groups: OSCC (n = 30), OLK (n = 30) and healthy individuals as controls (n = 30). Patients were refrained from eating, drinking, smoking or oral hygiene procedures for at least 1.5 h before the collection. Saliva was collected between 9.00 and 10.00 am. Samples were stored at −80°C. Filtered samples were used for GC-MS.

Results:
Fifteen compounds differed significantly between control, OLK and OSCC. These metabolites were decanedioic acid, 2-methyloctacosane, eicosane, octane, 3,5-dimethyl, pentadecane, hentriacontane, 5, 5-diethylpentadecane, nonadecane, oxalic acid, 6-phenylundecanea, l-proline, 2-furancarboxamide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, pentanoic acid, Docosane.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study suggest the application of salivary metabolomics as a promising tool in the identification of tumor-specific biomarkers in early diagnosis and prediction of OSCC and oral leukoplakia. In future, standardizing the protocol for salivary analysis and overcoming some of the limitations will be helpful to establish salivary metabolomics as a reliable, the highly sensitive and specific method for clinical use as an independent diagnostic aid.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Sangala Bhavani Nagendra , Raghunath Vandana , Kavle Pratibha , Gupta Anish , Gotmare Swati Shrikant , Andey Venkata Subhash 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC) are benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, respectively, with distinct behavior. They have similar origins and cell components. E-cadherins are the main homophilic cell adhesion molecules, which play a central role in maintaining epithelial integrity, functioning in intercellular adhesion and differentiation. Hence, changes in E-cadherin function are reflected in the morphologic events associated with the cellular arrangement, movement and wound healing.

Aim:
To study and compare the expression of E-cadherin immunostaining in PA and ADCC.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen cases of each PA and ADCC were immunohistochemically stained with E-cadherin. Five cases of normal salivary gland tissues were taken as the positive control.
Mann–Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
About 86.6% of PA cases showed homogeneous staining. 66.6% of cases of ADCC showed heterogeneous staining. PA, cribriform and tubular patterns of ADCC predominantly showed moderate immune-staining and solid patterns of ADCC exhibited predominantly mild immunostaining. Depending on the intensity of staining, we found a significant P value between PA and the solid variant of ADCC.

Conclusion:
E-cadherin proved to be a better marker for epithelial phenotypes in PAs. In ADCC difference in staining intensity between different histological subtypes suggests that further studies should be done to assess the usefulness of an immuno-marker to know the aggressive behavior of ADCC.
Risk of liver disease in areca nut habitual
Authors: Khasbage Suwarna B Dangore , Bhowate Rahul R , Khatib Nazli 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Areca nut (AN) is one of the addictive substances known to cause deleterious effects on oral cavity as well as on various body organs including liver. But, scanty information is available reporting the adverse effects of AN chewing on the liver.

Aim:
To study the risk of liver disease in AN habitual based on the relevant published data.

Methods:
The literature search was performed by an electronic search of the PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using proper MESH headings and retrieved the articles published from 1998 to 2021. The eligibility criteria included: Human studies, AN habitual as study participants, use of controls and articles published in English. Data were extracted regarding characteristics of studies, characteristics of AN exposure, effect estimate and outcome of the studies.

Results:
Total 253 articles were identified from various databases and 15 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Among these, thirteen studies showed an association between AN habit and attenuation of risk of liver disease as determined by relative risk/odds ratio/hazard ratio. Eleven studies described additive effect of AN and HBsAg and/or Anti hepatitis C virus status on development of liver disease. However, two of the studies showed opposite results. The heterogeneity in the study designs, exposure characteristics, outcomes and confounders precluded further meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
The association between AN chewing and an increased risk of developing liver disease is noted which necessitates the need for AN cessation campaign.