bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sykepleierstudenters erfaringer med etterlevelse av håndhygieniske prinsipper i kliniske praksisstudier
Authors: Aune Anne Grethe , Sundal Jorun Sætre , Storvig Eline , Aasland Jenny , Andrè Beate 
Published: October 2022

En betydelig del av sykepleierutdanningen foregår i de kliniske studiene, veiledet av sykepleiere. Denne studien er utført for å forstå studentopplevelsene, hvordan de lærer å bruke håndhygieniske prinsipper i kliniske studier. Vi brukte et beskrivende og utforskende design med fokusgruppeintervjuer. Dataene ble analysert ved hjelp av kvalitativ innholdsanalyse. Analysen resulterte i to hovedtemaer, både faktorer som fremmet og hemmet studentlæring. Tydelige retningslinjer prosedyrer samt støttende og oppmuntrende tilbakemeldinger fra veiledere fremmet læring. Mangel på håndhygienefasiliteter, tidspress, komplekse læringssituasjoner, tilstrekkelig anerkjennelse og veiledernes manglende overholdelse, var hemmende faktorer. Studien viser at sykepleiere i klinisk praksis var forbilder for studentene og viktig for å lære de riktige håndhygieniske prinsipper i klinisk praksis
Physical and chemical properties of the soils in selected communal properties associations of South Africa
Authors: Ntalo Malizo , Ravhuhali Khuliso Emmanuel , Moyo Bethwell , Mmbi Ntuwiseni Emile , Mokoboki Kwena Hilda 
Published: October 2022

Communal Property Associations (CPAs) rangeland users need more knowledge on the state of their respective grazing lands and also the interaction of soil properties with grazing management implemented. This study aimed to investigate the effect grazing has on the physical and chemical properties of four different soil types found in selected CPAs of the Bela-Bela municipality, they are as follows: Mawela (Hutton-clay loam: HCL), Bela-Bela (Hutton-clay: HC), Moretele (Hutton-loamy sand: HLS) and Ramorula (Ecca sand-clay loam: ESCL).The macro and micro minerals, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, organic carbon, soil particle size distribution, acidity and resistance were all measured. All data were subjected to two-way factorial analysis of variance (SAS, 2010). The topsoil was sampled at a depth of 300 mm at an interval of 100 m (100 and 200 m) from the same transect used for woody species data collection resulting in a total of 18 samples per CPA. In each CPA, three camps were selected. In each camp, three transects 200 m apart at the length of 200 m were set. In each transect, soils were drawn at 0, 100 and 200 m making a total of nine soil samples per each camp. The highest (P < 0.05) pH (7.14) recorded on the sub-soil was in HLS. Nitrate nitrogen (2.4 mg/kg) concentration on the topsoil was high (P < 0.05) in HC soil type. Soil organic carbon for both topsoil (0.66%) and subsoil (0.41%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in HLS soil type and ESCL soil type respectively. Phosphorus concentration was significantly high (P < 0.05) in ESCL soil type for both topsoil (12.86 mg/kg) and sub-soil (1.59 mg/kg). Iron concentration was high in both topsoil (11.8 mg/kg) and sub-soil (7.3 mg/kg) in ESCL soil type. Sub-soil manganese concentration was found to be higher (P < 0.05) in ESCL soil type (7.58 mg/kg). Soil resistance (2880 Ω ) measured in topsoil was high (P < 0.05) in HCL soil type compared to other soil types. Moreover, for the sub-soil the highest (P < 0.05) resistance (least salts) (3640 Ω) was recorded in ESCL soil type. For most of the soil types, the mineral concentration was higher in topsoil than in sub-soil, this trend explains that the uptake of these minerals by plants took place due to the inconsistencies of grazing management employed in these selected CPA farms. It is of colossal significance to properly manage rangelands, to allow a fair-to-good herbaceous layer in the presence of minerals in the soils and farmer should prioritize having enclosures and keeping N-fixing tree species in the rangelands to achieve the above mentioned conditions.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital Aurangabad
Authors: Naik M. , Khade Shamisha , Bangi Vinayak , Patel Nilofer Banoisa 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Mucormycosis manifests as various syndromes in human beings, particularly in immunocompromised patients and those with diabetes mellitus. Recently, several cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID19 have been increasingly reported worldwide, especially from India. This prompted us to conduct a study in mucormycosis patients with COVID-19, to know its clinical profile of the COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis and identify of various risk factors in mucormycosis patients with COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: This Cross sectional Retrospective Qualitative Descriptive study was conducted in Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad [Maharashtra]. A total of 100 patients admitted from April 2021 to August 2021 were enrolled as study participants. All COVID-19 patients admitted in MGM who are diagnosed with mucormycosis by microbiologically (KOH mount) or radiologically (CT/MRI) or by histopathology.
Observations and Results: The mean age of patients was 59.72±12.47 years. The male 73 (73.0%) predomianance than female 27(27.0%). 88(88.0%) of patients were having Diabetic Mellitus and 31(31.0%) of patients were having hypertension. All the patients were given Antibiotic & steroids during treatment of COVID-19 at hospitalisation. 15(15.0%) of patients were admitted in ICU during treatment of COVID-19. 76(76.0%) patients were required Oxygen, 03(3.0%) were on NIV/Ventilator and 08 (8.0%) patients were on HFOT during treatment of COVID-19. Overall (97.0%) of patients were recovered.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is identified as the leading underlying comorbidity in cases diagnosed with mucormycosis in post COVID-19 patients. Also use of steroid, duration of use of steroid, and oxygen therapy during the treatment of COVID-19 were risk factors observed in the patients with mucormycosis.
Pathogenic Bacteria Profiles in Street Cooked and Raw Meat from Selected Markets in Entebbe Municipality, Uganda
Authors: Nagingo Patricia , Omara Denis , Mwesigwa Joel Philip , Lujjimbirwa Fortunate 
Published: October 2022

Background: Microbial contaminations and their toxins have a lead role in food-borne outbreaks (FBOs) through food poisoning, spoilage, and intoxications. In Africa, it’s approximated that 92 million people fall ill from consuming contaminated foods, resulting in 137,000 deaths each year. And yet, food safety does not seem to be a major concern within many countries in this continent. This study aimed at isolating pathogenic bacteria from street-cooked and raw meat from selected markets in Entebbe municipality, Uganda.
Methodology: This was a descriptive randomized cross-sectional study. Samples were in two clusters that is cooked and raw meat (chicken and beef). All of them were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory uniformly. A sample size of 40 was used. Selective media and bio-chemicals were used in the bacterial species isolation and identification respectively.
Results: A total of 11 isolates of bacteria were isolated and identified. These included gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus spp (23.5%), and Enterococcus spp (12.3%); gram-positive rods: Corynebacterium spp (23.5%), and Mycobacterium spp (3.7%); and gram-negative rods: Serratia spp (1.2%), Citrobacter spp (9.9%), E. coli spp (1.2%), Salmonella spp (1.2%), and Shigella spp (1.2%).
Conclusion: There are significant levels of microbial contamination associated with street foods and these accounts for food-borne illnesses.
Systemic Interventions for Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Noe Megan H. , Micheletti Robert G. 
Published: October 2022

Clinical QuestionWhat are the effects of systemic therapies for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)?Bottom LineThere is limited high-quality evidence to support the use of systemic immunomodulatory therapies to decrease mortality rates in SJS/TEN.
Assessing Mental Illness Risk Among North Korean Refugees and Immigrants Resettled in South Korea
Authors: Lee Rugyeom , Lee Sang Min , Hong Minha , Oh In-Hwan 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe global increase in the numbers of refugees and immigrants has made mental health a major public concern. Although they are divided, North and South Korea share a common ethnic heritage.ObjectiveTo investigate mental illness risk among North Korean immigrants living in South Korea and compare it with that of the general South Korean population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study was based on National Health Insurance claims data from 2007 to 2019, and North Korean immigrants and refugees (NKIRs) and age-matched and sex-matched members of the general population (GP) were included with a 1:3 ratio. Data were analyzed from March 2022 to August 2022.ExposureEmigration from North Korea to South Korea.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMental illness incidence and risk through a Cox proportional risk model adjusted for sex, age, disability, region, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and insurance premium percentile.ResultsA total of 37 209 NKIRs and 111 627 members of the GP were enrolled. The final analysis examined 112 851 individuals (73 238 [64.9%] female, median [IQR] age 34 [19-47] years), with 90 235 (80.0%) in the GP and 22 616 (20.0%) in the NKIR group. The propensity score–matching population numbered 24 532 in total, with 12 266 each in the NKIR and GP groups. NKIR patients had a higher mental illness risk than the GP (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% CI, 2.04-2.21). The multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) for developing mental disorders were 4.91 (3.59-6.71) for posttraumatic stress disorder, 3.10 (2.90-3.30) for major depressive disorder, 2.27 (2.11-2.44) for anxiety and panic disorder, 2.03 (1.58-2.60) for bipolar affective disorder, 1.85 (1.53-2.24) for alcohol use disorder, and 1.89 (1.46-2.45) for schizophrenia.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, NKIR individuals showed a significantly higher risk of developing most mental disorders. Interventional strategies can prevent psychiatric morbidity and ensure adequate care for this population.
Evaluation of Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ritter Christopher , Buchmann Andreas , Müller Sabrina Theresia , Volleberg Martin , Haynes Melanie , Ghisleni Carmen , Noeske Ralph , Tuura Ruth , Hasler Gregor 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Perturbations of the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), respectively, as well as Glx (Glu or glutamine [Gln]) have been extensively reported in a multitude of brain areas of individuals with depression, but few studies have examined changes in Gln, the metabolic counterpart of synaptic Glu.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln levels in a voxel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of participants with no, past, and current MDD using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis community-based study used a cross-sectional design using 3-T 1H-MRS in participants not taking MDD medication recruited from the community. The sample consisted of 251 healthy controls, 98 participants with a history of past MDD, and 47 participants who met the diagnostic criteria for current MDD. Diagnostic groups were comparable regarding age, education, income, and diet. Data were collected from March 2014 to October 2021, and data were analyzed from October 2021 to June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.ResultsOf 396 included participants, 258 (65.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 25.0 (4.7) years. Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD and current MDD had lower GABA concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 2.70 [0.03] mmol/L; past MDD, 2.49 [0.05] mmol/L; current MDD, 2.54 [0.07] mmol/L; 92 with past MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.18; P = .002; 44 with current MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.13; P = .04). Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD also had lower Glu concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 7.52 [0.06] mmol/L; past MDD, 7.23 [0.11] mmol/L; 93 with past MDD vs 234 healthy controls: r = 0.16; P = .01) and higher Gln concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 1.63 [0.04] mmol/L; past MDD, 1.84 [0.07] mmol/L; 66 with past MDD 153 healthy controls: r = 0.17; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn a large, mostly medication-free community sample, reduced prefrontal GABA concentrations were associated with past MDD, consistent with histopathologic studies reporting reduced glial cell and GABA cell density in the prefrontal cortex in individuals with depression. Patients with MDD also demonstrated increased Gln levels, indicative of increased synaptic Glu release, adding to previous evidence for the Glu hypothesis of MDD.
Current Status of National Institutes of Health Research Funding for Women Surgeon-Scientists
Authors: Saif Areeba , Demblowski Lindsay A. , Blakely Andrew M. , Zeiger Martha A. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceWomen have made substantial advancements in academic surgery, but research funding disparities continue to hamper their progress, and current literature on the status of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding awarded to women surgeon-scientists appears to be conflicting.ObjectiveTo examine gender-based differences in NIH funding awarded to surgeon-scientists by comparing total grant amounts awarded and the distribution of grants by gender and research type.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was performed using a previously created database of NIH-funded surgeons from 2010 to 2020. Active physician data from the Association of American Medical Colleges were used to calculate total surgeon populations. This study was performed at the NIH using the NIH internal data platform, iSearch Grants. A total of 715 men and women surgeon-scientists funded by the NIH in 2010 and 1031 funded in 2020 were included in the analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the number of women among the total number of surgeons who received NIH grants and the total grant amounts awarded to them. Bivariate χ2 analyses were performed using population totals and substantiated by z tests of population proportions.ResultsThis study included 715 physicians (n = 579 men [81.0%]) in 2010 and 1031 physicians (n = 769 men [74.6%]) in 2020. In 2020, women comprised 27.4% of the surgical workforce and 25.4% of surgeons with research funding in the US, but they received only 21.7% of total NIH research funding awarded to all surgeons. The number of funded women surgeon-scientists, however, significantly increased from 2010 to 2020 (262 [25.4%] in 2020 vs 136 [19.0%] in 2010; P &amp;lt; .001) as did their funding ($189.7 million [21.7%] in 2020 vs $75.9 million [12.3%] in 2010; P &amp;lt; .001). Furthermore, the proportion of US women surgeons overall with NIH funding significantly increased in 2020 vs 2010 (0.7% vs 0.5%; P &amp;lt; .001). Basic science, clinical outcomes, and clinical trial R01 grants also increased among women surgeon-scientists. Women and men K grant holders had a similar mean (SD) number of R01 application attempts before success (2.7 [3.01] vs 2.3 [3.15]; P = .60) and similar K-to-R award conversion rates (23.5% vs 26.7%; P = .55).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found an increasing number of women surgeon-scientists receiving NIH funding in 2020 vs 2010 as well as increases in the median grant amounts awarded. Although these results are promising, a discrepancy remains in the proportion of women in the surgical workforce compared with those funded by the NIH and the total grant amounts awarded to them.
Adaptive neural finite‐time output‐feedback tracking control for nonlinear stochastic nonstrict‐feedback systems with input saturation
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Huanqing , Shen Haikuo 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn this paper, an observer‐based adaptive neural output‐feedback control scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear stochastic nonstrict‐feedback systems with input saturation in finite‐time interval. The mean value theorem and the property of the smooth function are applied to cope with the difficulties caused by the existence of input saturation. According to the universal approximation capability of the radial basis function neural network, it will be utilized to compensate the unknown nonlinear functions. Based on the state observer, the finite‐time Lyapunov stability theorem, we propose an adaptive neural output‐feedback control scheme for nonlinear stochastic systems in nonstrict‐feedback form. The developed controller guarantees that the system output signal can track the given reference signal trajectory, and all closed‐loop signals are semi‐globally finite‐time stability in probability. The observer errors and the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
Organic Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells and Photodetectors Tailored to the Exciton Diffusion Length Scale of a Non‐Fullerene Acceptor
Authors: Lee Tack Ho , Dong Yifan , Pacalaj Richard A. , Park Song Yi , Xu Weidong , Kim Ji‐Seon , Durrant James R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently been demonstrated to exhibit long‐range exciton diffusion, most organic photovoltaic and photodetector studies still focus on blended polymer: NFA systems. Herein, a 40 nm exciton diffusion length for IT4F excitons is determined, and it is demonstrated that sharp interface, planar heterojunction (PHJ) IT4F/PM6 devices with the IT4F layer thickness matched to this diffusion length yield optimized photovoltaic and photodetector performance. The PHJ devices yield an enhanced device open‐circuit voltage relative to bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, associated with suppressed bimolecular recombination losses. The PHJ architecture also results in a ≈100‐fold increase in electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency relative to the BHJ device, correlated with a shift from charge transfer state EL for the BHJ to IT4F exciton dominated EL for the PHJ, attributed to significant hole injection from PM6 into IT4F. Of particular note, the PHJ architecture is shown to suppress dark leakage current, resulting in 83 times higher photodetector detectivity at −2 V bias than the equivalent BHJ device.
Wearable Hydrogel‐Based Epidermal Sensor with Thermal Compatibility and Long Term Stability for Smart Colorimetric Multi‐Signals Monitoring
Authors: Han Fei , Xie Xueyong , Wang Tiansong , Cao Chaoyu , Li Juju , Sun Tianying , Liu Hao , Geng Songmei , Wei Zhao , Li Jing , Xu Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogel‐based wearable epidermal sensors (HWESs) have attracted widespread attention in health monitoring, especially considering their colorimetric readout capability. However, it remains challenging for HWESs to work at extreme temperatures with long term stability due to the existence of water. Herein, a wearable transparent epidermal sensor with thermal compatibility and long term stability for smart colorimetric multi‐signals monitoring is developed, based on an anti‐freezing and anti‐drying hydrogel with high transparency (over 90% transmittance), high stretchability (up to 1500%) and desirable adhesiveness to various kinds of substrates. The hydrogel consists of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, and tannic acid‐coated cellulose nanocrystals in glycerin/water binary solvents. When glycerin readily forms strong hydrogen bonds with water, the hydrogel exhibits outstanding thermal compatibility. Furthermore, the hydrogel maintains excellent adhesion, stretchability, and transparency after long term storage (45 days) or at subzero temperatures (−20 °C). For smart colorimetric multi‐signals monitoring, the freestanding smart colorimetric HWESs are utilized for simultaneously monitoring the pH, T and light, where colorimetric signals can be read and stored by artificial intelligence strategies in a real time manner. In summary, the developed wearable transparent epidermal sensor holds great potential for monitoring multi‐signals with visible readouts in long term health monitoring.
Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum in Compact Nanostructures
Authors: Zhou Qingjia , Fu Yangyang , Liu Jiaqing , Yan Huimei , Chen Huanyang , Gao Lei , Jiang Jian‐Hua , Xu Yadong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptical bound states in the continuum (BICs) have become a unique way to produce the extreme localization and enhancement of light waves, however, it remains challenging to realize them in single‐particle systems. This work shows the existence of optical BICs in a compact corrugated metallic cylinder, and quasi‐BICs are observed in multiple channels when adjacent grooves have different depths. It is revealed that such BICs are purely plasmonic, resulting from the destructive interference of two localized surface plasmon modes in the nanostructures. Benefiting from the surface plasmon effects, the findings extend optical BICs and the associated physics to subwavelength optics, providing a route to break the diffraction limit and boost light–matter interactions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed (5+3) Annulation of 4‐Vinyl‐4‐Butyrolactones with C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines: Construction of Eight‐Membered Ring
Authors: Yang Sen , Li Kuan , Tang Yi , Zheng Bing , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we designed and synthesized 4‐vinyl‐4‐butyrolactone as a precursor to generate the zwitterionic allylpalladium intermediates, which behaved as five‐membered all‐carbon synthon in palladium‐catalyzed (5+3) annulation with azomethine imines, giving eight‐membered ring‐fused heterocycles (26 examples, 49% to 97% yield, >20:1 dr).magnified image
Cu‐Catalyzed C−H Perfluoroalkylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Tricyclimidazoles
Authors: Guo Zhuangzhuang , Chen Xiaoyu , Xue Yingying , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed cascade difunctionalization of unactivated olefins with readily available Rf‐I reagents to construct Csp3−CF2/C−C bonds has been reported. This strategy provides a convenient access to a variety of useful perfluoroalkylated tricyclimidazole derivatives in reasonable yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the present reaction probably undergo a radical/SET (single electron transfer) pathway. The transformation features mild condition, simple operation, atomic economy, and broad substrate scope.magnified image
Organocatalyzed One‐Pot Sequential Deracemization of Aromatic Ketones Bearing a Tertiary Stereogenic Center
Authors: Segovia Claire , Godemert Jérémy , Brière Jean‐François , Levacher Vincent , Oudeyer Sylvain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn organocatalyzed one‐pot sequential deracemization of aromatic ketones bearing a stereogenic center at the α‐position was achieved thanks to an acid‐base strategy involving an enantioselective protonation reaction as a key step. This simple and efficient protocol yields enantioenriched ketones in up to 89%eewithout the need to isolate sensitive intermediates such as silyl enolates. The key role of water in this process was underlined. This one‐pot sequence constitutes a useful extension to previously reported chemically driven red‐ox protocols, thus increasing the panel of molecules eligible to a deracemization strategy.magnified image