bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income transfer programme for children and adolescents with disabilities in Brazil
Authors: de Campos Mariana Dias , Kohatsu Giovanna Lyka , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda , Silva Eraldo Schunk , Rudey Edson Luciano , Massuda Ely Mitie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Brazil, there are 55 million people living in extreme poverty. People with disabilities are doubly impacted by low income and the presence of the disability. The Continuous Cash Benefit Program (BPC) is an aid granted by the Brazilian federal government to people who attest to the condition of disability as an impediment to a life on an equal basis with other individuals. Requests to BPC are made to the national competence body that carries out an expert medical and social assessment, by means of an instrument that determines the degree of the disability. Our objective was to analyse the standard of BPC concessions for children and young people with disabilities and to identify the prevalence of major diseases in the concessions.MethodsThe exploratory, cross‐sectional and retrospective research used primary data collected from 332 expert medical assessments of children under 16 years old. The standard and determinants of the concessions were established through Cluster Analysis by Ward's criterion and Euclidean distance, specifying the homogeneous groups of dysfunction classes. The prevalence of major diseases was performed by frequency analysis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The socioeconomic profile of BPC requirements and the main causes of BPC rejection were analysed through descriptive analysis.ResultsThere was a predominance of male, preschoolers and illiterate individuals in the requirements and concessions. In the granting standard for impaired function class, problems related to congenital changes received benefits even in the absence of impairment, with childhood autism being the most prevalent diagnosis.ConclusionsThe concessions seemed more dependent on the diagnosis itself and on the age of the beneficiaries than on the degree of dysfunction suffered, without exclusions, by the individuals.
Impact of MiFID II tick‐size regime on equity markets—Evidence from the LSE
Authors: Favaretto Eros , Lepone Andrew , Lepone Grace 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of MiFID II on the London Stock Exchange. We find that a tick‐size reduction leads to lower bid–ask spreads, lower trade values, reduced cost of trading at and beyond the best bid‐offer, an acceleration of quote updates, an increase in aggressive trades and a reduction in price impact. Increased tick size widens spreads and increases trading costs. Step functions reveal that liquidity adjusts opposite to the tick change. To determine if impacts are proportional, we identify potential functions that predict cost changes with tick updates, implying that traders adjust their trade sizes according to the new tick levels.
Determine power and sample size for the simple and mediation Actor–Partner Interdependence Model
Authors: Ledermann Thomas , Rudaz Myriam , Wu Qiong , Cui Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe provide details on how relationship researchers can use Monte Carlo simulation for power estimation and sample size determination for the simple and the mediation Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). In addition to power estimates for specific sample sizes, we show how the sample size for each effect can be determined.BackgroundResearchers designing a study commonly want to know what sample size is required to detect a specific effect or in the case after data collection is completed what the power is for a specific effect.MethodThe solution we present asks for the correlations among the variables and allows for the specification of skewness and kurtosis and the incorporation of missing data. For the mediation APIM, power is estimated for the direct effects, indirect effects, and total effects.ResultsThe illustrations demonstrate that indistinguishable members require sample sizes that are about half of the sample sizes required for distinguishable members and that skewed data tend to require larger sample sizes. The illustration of the mediation APIM reveals that it is not uncommon that some of the simple indirect effects are significant, but none of the total indirect effects and none of the total effects are.ConclusionMonte Carlo simulation provides an easy‐to‐use and flexible solution to determine power and sample sizes for the simple and mediation APIM for distinguishable and indistinguishable members.ImplicationsRecommendations are made for dyadic studies with small sample sizes and studies using the mediation APIM.
Home cage measures of Alzheimer's disease in the rTg4510 mouse model
Authors: Barabas Amanda J. , Robbins Lindsey A. , Gaskill Brianna N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease affects an array of activities in patients' daily lives but measures other than memory are rarely evaluated in animal models. Home cage behavior, however, may provide an opportunity to back translate a variety of measures seen in human disease progression to animal models, providing external and face validity. The aim of this study was to evaluate if home cage measures could indicate disease in the rTg4510 mouse model. We hypothesized that sleep, nesting, and smell discrimination would be altered in mutant mice. Thirty‐two transgenic mice were used in a Latin square design of four genotypes x both sexes x two diets. Half the mice received a doxycycline diet to suppress tauopathy and evaluate tau severity on various measures. At 8‐, 12‐, and 16‐weeks old, 24 h activity/sleep patterns, nest complexity, and odor discrimination were measured. After 16‐weeks, tau concentration in the brain was quantified. Mutant mice had increased tau concentration in brain tissue, but it was reduced by the doxycycline diet. However, only nest complexity was different between mutant mice and controls. Overall, tauopathy in rTg4510 mice does seem to affect these commonly observed symptoms in human patients. However, while running this study, a report showed that the rTg4510 mutant phenotype is not caused by the mutation itself, but confounding factors from transgene insertion. Combined with report findings and our data, the rTg4510 model may not be an ideal model for all aspects of human Alzheimer's disease.
Mine closure, social disruption, and crime in South Africa
Authors: Marais Lochner , Ndaguba Emeka , Mmbadi Elelwani , Cloete Jan , Lenka Molefi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe international literature links mining booms with social disruption. The rapid economic and population growth that mining brings increases urban crime and social problems. But insufficient attention has been paid to the reverse situation: the social disruption that can accompany the closure of a mine. We compare crime statistics for four categories of small city, known in South Africa as “intermediate city municipalities,” from 2009 to 2018. Contrary to the findings of international studies, we find that those where mining was in decline had some of the highest crime rates, particularly in the category of sexual offences, whereas those where mining was growing had the lowest. Our research shows that mine decline and closure can contribute to social disruption. We argue that South African government policy has exacerbated this problem in the context of mine decline and that several dependencies created by mining further contribute to the problem. We challenge the assumption that fast population growth and an increase in the male population are prerequisites for social disruption. Our paper suggests the need for modifications to social disruption theory.
Learning to See God in the School of Creation: Theoria and the Teleological Character of Creation in Basil of Caesarea’s Hexaemeron
Authors: Fogleman Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article offers a constructive reading of Basil’s doctrine of creation in the Hexaemeron in order to articulate the relation between Christ the divine Logos and the logos of particular creatures. Tracing two lines of thought in Basil’s homilies on the six days of creation – (1) an ambivalence about the possibility of a material substrate in creation and (2) a teleological understanding of creation – I argue that the true ontology of the creature is something realized only eschatologically as a result of the divine Logos working out in creatures what they are to become. Basil’s ability to order creaturely speculation within a spiritual pedagogy of theoria allows him to articulate the nature of creation as something that is both unknowable (for now) and yet something to be realized (in the eschaton). Though these themes remain underdeveloped in Basil’s thought, when read constructively, the Hexaemeron provides an insightful theological grammar to express the divine Logos as immanent to the logos of creaturely beings and, at the same time, to name creaturely being as an eschatological gift, the end‐product of the divine Logos bringing to realization the creative purposes and powers of each and every being.
Gregory of Nyssa on Soteriology, the Cosmos and Christ's Pneumatic Body
Authors: Abecina Alexander L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article advances two related claims about Gregory of Nyssa's soteriology. Based on a reading of Homilies 13, 14 and 15 of the In Canticum Canticorum, I argue that Gregory conceived of humanity's salvation as membership in Christ’s pneumatic body. I proceed to argue that Gregory's theological basis for adopting this view of salvation – that is, trinitarian unity of activity, Spirit‐based Christology and Christ as ‘first fruit’ – helps us better to understand the relationship between the so‐called ‘humanistic’ and ‘physical’ aspects of his soteriology. I offer a response, therefore, to an influential interpretation of Gregory’s soteriology that originated with Wilhelm Herrmann, and has most recently been advocated by Johannes Zachhuber.
Current status of diabetes treatment in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan: Results of a questionnaire survey conducted in 2016 and 2020
Authors: Uehira Yudai , Ueno Hiroaki , Ebihara Emi , Uchida Taisuke , Nabekura Hiroki , Sakoda Hideyuki , Yonekawa Tadato , Yamaguchi Hideki , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe Japanese diabetes treatment guidelines do not specify the first choice of hypoglycemic agents, unlike those of Western countries. Furthermore, the current situation in diabetes treatment is that the choice of hypoglycemic agents is determined by each physician. Therefore, we aimed to determine the current situation in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, in this context. For this, we carried out a questionnaire survey among physicians twice regarding the target value of glycated hemoglobin and the choice of hypoglycemic agents in various cases.Materials and MethodsWe administered an unsigned questionnaire to physicians in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, in July 2016 and March 2020. We divided responses into those of diabetologists and those of non‐diabetologists, and analyzed each response. We then compared the results between both years.ResultsIn total, 18 diabetologists and 142 non‐diabetologists responded in 2016, and 21 diabetologists and 134 non‐diabetologists responded in 2020. Many diabetologists chose biguanide as the first‐line drug for obese type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, the rate of choice of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) among physicians almost increased in 2020. Some non‐diabetologists, and even a few diabetologists, inappropriately chose SGLT2i and biguanide for patients with severe renal dysfunction.ConclusionsBecause SGLT2i became available in 2016 and a few years have passed, both diabetologists and non‐diabetologists seemed to refrain from prescribing SGLT2i. However, with the emergence of various lines of firm evidence regarding the use of SGLT2i, physicians started to prescribe it. However, some diabetologists and non‐diabetologists chose hypoglycemic agents inadequately; therefore, there is a need for novel and precise information.
The potential of historical ecology to aid understanding of human–ocean interactions throughout the Anthropocene
Authors: Thurstan Ruth H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine historical ecology emerged in the scholarly literature with the aim of understanding long‐term dynamics in marine ecosystems and the outcomes of past human–ocean interactions. The use of historical sources, which differ in temporal scale and resolution to most scientific monitoring data, present both opportunities and challenges for informing our understanding of past marine ecosystems and the ways in which human communities made use of them. With an emphasis upon marine social‐ecological changes over the past 200 years, I present an overview of the relevant historical ecology literature and summarise how this approach generates a richer understanding of human–ocean interactions and the legacies associated with human‐induced ecosystem change. Marine historical ecology methodologies continue to be developed, whereas expanded inter‐ and multidisciplinary collaborations provide exciting avenues for future discoveries. Beyond scholarship, historical ecology presents opportunities to foster a more sustainable relationship with oceans going forward: by challenging ingrained perceptions of what is “normal” within marine ecosystems, reconnecting human communities to the oceans and providing cautionary lessons and exemplars of sustainable human–ocean interactions from the past. To leverage these opportunities, scholars must work alongside practitioners, managers and policy makers to foster mutual understanding, explore new opportunities to communicate historical findings and address the challenges of integrating historical data into modern‐day frameworks.
Provider Characteristics Associated with Trust When Caring for Women Experiencing Substance Use Disorders in the Perinatal Period
Authors: Renbarger Kalyn M. , Trainor Kristin E. , Place Jean Marie , Broadstreet Allyson 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionWomen experiencing substance use disorders (SUD) have often reported challenges in their relationships with health care providers during the perinatal period that served as a barrier to care. Establishing trust is an important aspect in forming positive relationships. The purpose of this study was to identify provider characteristics associated with the development of trust when caring for women experiencing SUD during the perinatal period.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using the databases of CINAHL, APA PsychINFO, and PubMed along with a manual search of Google Scholar between the years of 2000‐2021. Studies were included if they were (1) original qualitative research; (2) published in English; (3) peer reviewed; (4) from the perspective of women experiencing SUD; (5) included descriptions of positive health care interactions between women experiencing SUD in the perinatal period and their health care providers; and (6) conducted in the United States or Canada. The studies were assessed for quality and validity using 10 criteria from the Joanne Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research.ResultsFindings from 21 qualitative studies were synthesized using a thematic synthesis approach and revealed 3 overarching themes that included 7 descriptive subthemes which identified provider characteristics associated with trust. The 7 descriptive subthemes included: developing rapport with women, demonstrating caring behaviors, including women in care, understanding women's SUD treatment efforts, reassuring women, delivering competent care, and educating women.DiscussionParticipants’ accounts of trusting interactions with health care providers occurred when providers viewed women approvingly, affirmed their treatment efforts and maternal abilities, and delivered competent care that was knowledgeable of issues associated with SUD. The findings suggest the importance of confronting implicit biases, integrated care, and fostering a stigma‐free and trauma‐informed working environment.
OnabotulinumtoxinA from lines to facial reshaping: A new Italian consensus report
Authors: Signorini Massimo , Piero Fundarò Salvatore , Bertossi Dario , Cavallini Maurizio , Cirillo Pierfrancesco , Natuzzi Guglielmo , Quartucci Sandro , Sciuto Chantal , Patalano Mariagrazia , Trocchi Gloria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum neurotoxin type A is the most widely used nonsurgical treatment for esthetic improvement of the face and neck. In 2015, an Italian consensus panel met to discuss the optimal methods for using onabotulinumtoxinA. However, clinical practice continues to evolve and the original report is now considered obsolete.AimsTo provide updated guidance on the esthetic uses of onabotulinumtoxinA in the face and neck.MethodsA panel of 10 Italian specialists (including plastic and maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists, and esthetic doctors) individually completed a questionnaire on their own clinical practice, and then met to discuss their responses and agree on a revised treatment consensus.ResultsRecommendations are provided on patient assessment, reconstitution of onabotulinumtoxinA, and preferred procedures (injection sites, doses, anatomical targets, safety precautions, etc.) across a variety of treatment areas, including glabellar, crow's feet, and forehead lines; brow lifting and shaping; lower eyelid hypertrophy; bunny lines; sagging nasal tip; gummy smile; masseter hypertrophy; perioral lines; marionette lines and “sad mouth;” mentalis hypertonia; and platysma bands. Some of the recommended doses are substantially increased from the previous consensus (particularly in the upper third and masseter) for the purpose of achieving longer lasting results without affecting safety. Furthermore, two increasingly popular techniques—the Nefertiti lift and Microbotox—are included in the consensus for the first time.ConclusionsOptimal practice with onabotulinumtoxinA requires a systematic approach to maximize safety and effectiveness across the range of potential uses. The present consensus was developed to support these aims.
Gene duplication to the Y chromosome in Trinidadian Guppies
Authors: Lin Yuying , Darolti Iulia , Furman Benjamin L. S. , Almeida Pedro , Sandkam Benjamin A. , Breden Felix , Wright Alison E. , Mank Judith E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDifferences in allele frequencies at autosomal genes between males and females in a population can result from two scenarios. First, unresolved sexual conflict over survival can produce allelic differentiation between the sexes. However, given the substantial mortality costs required to produce allelic differences between males and females at each generation, it remains unclear how many loci within the genome experience significant sexual conflict over survival. Alternatively, recent studies have shown that similarity between autosomal and Y sequences can create perceived allelic differences between the sexes. However, Y duplications are most likely in species with large nonrecombining regions, in part because they simply represent larger targets for duplications. We assessed the genomes of 120 wild‐caught guppies, which experience extensive predation‐ and pathogen‐induced mortality and have a relatively small ancestral Y chromosome. We identified seven autosomal genes that show allelic differences between male and female adults. Five of these genes show clear evidence of whole or partial gene duplication between the Y chromosome and the autosomes. The remaining two genes show evidence of partial homology to the Y. Overall, our findings suggest that the guppy genome experiences a very low level of unresolved sexual conflict over survival, and instead the Y chromosome, despite its small ancestral size and recent origin, may nonetheless accumulate genes with male‐specific functions.
Result and technique consideration of radiofrequency catheter ablation of tachycardia in patients with dextrocardia
Authors: Zhang Yuekun , Sun Liping , Luo Fangyuan , Li Jiaju , Sun Yibo , Chen Yingwei , Dong Jianzeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with tachycardia, in the context of pre‐existing dextrocardia, could benefit from catheter ablation. However, anatomical complexities hinder effective conduct of this procedure. We aimed to retrospectively summarize the clinical characteristics and the safety and efficiency, and recommended the technique considerations.MethodsTwenty‐one cases from 19 patients with tachycardia and dextrocardia, who underwent catheter ablation between 2009 and 2021, were enrolled. All patients underwent echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) to confirm the anatomical malformations. Transseptal puncture was guided by fluoroscopy or intracardiac echocardiography when left atrial access was necessary and the ablation process was guided by three‐dimensional (3D) mapping.ResultsSix cases exhibited situs solitus while nine cases exhibited situs inversus. Fourteen cases had atrial fibrillation, seven had atrial flutter, and two had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT); two cases had combined atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Acute success was achieved in 18 cases (85.7%, 18/21). The 3D mapping system was not employed in the three cases which failed. During long‐term follow‐up (20.71 ± 21.86 months), eight cases (72.7%, 8/11) of atrial fibrillation with dextrocardia successfully attained sinus rhythm. None of AVRT cases had recurrence. Half of the atrial flutter cases with dextrocardia, especially those with a history of surgical correction for cardiac malformations, underwent recurrence. One case had cardiac tamponade.ConclusionsCatheter ablation for tachycardia patients with dextrocardia is safe, efficient, and feasible. It is imperative to integrate echocardiography, cardiac computer tomography, and 3D mapping, and apply 3D reconstruction to facilitate the success of catheter ablation.
Change leadership and change embeddedness in public organizations: Connecting macrolevel reform to microlevel implementation
Authors: Higgs Malcolm J. , Kuipers Ben S. , Steijn Bram 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGovernments initiate major public sector reforms for various reasons. Although change leadership appears crucial, its role in implementing reforms in public organizations receives scant attention. Insights from public administration and change management literature help to bridge the gap between these macrolevel and microlevel perspectives. Our multilevel study of two youth care organizations addressing public sector reform explores how leadership behavior—and in interaction between top and middle managers—contributes to the concept of what we call change embeddedness among front‐line employees. The use of leadership behaviors during the reform that are leader centric (shaping) appear to be associated with greater ambiguity and worse change embeddedness. However, leadership focused on engaging employees and boundary spanning with external organizations seems to support the embeddedness of the reform, especially when these behaviors are connected to a clear sense of purpose around the change.