bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care Arrangement of People with Dementia in Karachi, Pakistan using 10/66 Protocol
Authors: Khan Qurat ul ain 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Pakistan is a low middle-income country (LMIC) in South Asia with a rising population. This study used the 10/66 protocol to understand care arrangement and resources of people with dementia (PWD) in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods:The study was carried out using 10/66 protocol for mild and moderate dementia patients living in the community. This assessed characteristics of patients and caregivers, the economic impact of caregiving, and resources available to care for people with dementia (PWD). Results: 128 PWD and their caregivers from the urban community of Karachi were included in the study. About two thirds of the PWD had not completed high school. The average gross national product (GNP) per PWD per capita was $140. Majority of the caregivers were married women, family members, and full-time housewives between the age groups of 30 to 50. Three quarters of the caregivers comprised of the patients’ children or spouse residing with the patient, in a 2-to-3-bedroom house with a median household size of 4. Majority of the time of the caregivers’ day was spent with the PWD. Only 20% of the PWD had sought medical help in the last 3 months, with a preference for private medical facilities even though 50% suffered from comorbid conditions. Conclusions: In Pakistan majority of PWD are dependent on female family members for care. Caregiver roles are full time responsibilities with little to no burden shared by others. There is low monthly GNP per PWD with a high cost of medical needs of PWD.
Deformation characteristics and forming force limits of multi-point forming with individually controlled force-displacement
Authors: Jia Bin-bin , Chen Gang , Wang Wei-Wei , Shen Yan , Gu Yanxia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To solve the problem of springback in traditional multi-point forming (MPF), a new multi-point forming process, namely, multi-point forming with individually controlled force-displacement (MPF-ICFD), was proposed. The core idea of this process is to simultaneously apply a normal force to the upper and lower sides of a sheet during the whole forming process. Therefore, the deformation sequence of the sheet metal is changed from local constraint overall deformation in the traditional MPF process to global constraint local deformation in the MPF-ICFD process, which is beneficial for improving the deformation uniformity and reducing the sheet springback. In this work, the deformation characteristics and forming force limits of MPF-ICFD were studied through mechanical analyses, numerical simulations and experiments. The results show that, compared with the traditional MPF, the springback of sheet metal is significantly reduced, and the uniformities of the strain and wall thickness are significantly improved in the MPF-ICFD. The influence of the sheet thickness on the upper limit of the forming force is more significant than that on the lower limit. For an aluminium alloy sheet with a wall thickness of 1.5-3 mm, the upper and lower limits of forming force of a single head change linearly from 6.3 kN to 12.6 kN and from 0.5 kN to 1 kN, respectively.
Discovery of a secondary roughness phenomenon during an experiment confirming a new hypothesis concerning the “Ball nose milling with a tilt angle milling strategy”
Authors: Vyšata Jiří , Gombár Miroslav , šulcová Petra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: During ball-nose milling using the presently popular tool-dragging strategy (by this is meant ball nose milling with a tilt angle milling strategy ‒ in the further text, the shorter designation "tool-dragging strategy" will be used), a considerable force component acts in the direction perpendicular to the normal plane of the surface of the machined part and, actually, also to the vector of feeding speed. They tend to cause tool vibration in the direction of their action. Aim: The aim was to confirm, by an experiment, the theory that during ball-nose milling using the tool-dragging strategy, its additional lateral tilt might improve the cutting conditions and contribute to the stabilisation of the cutting process. Thanks to that, it may be possible to achieve higher productiveness in machining using a slim tool. Methods: The main experiment was a full-factor experiment with repetition and randomization. It had three factors: The main factor was the angle of lateral tilt, which was in 19 levels, the other two were the tool RPMs and the feeding speed, both of them in three levels. The total number of tests was 342. As responses, cutting forces, acoustic emissions (in a limited extent), and surface roughness were measured. During the experiment, it was discovered that with positive lateral tilt angles of the tool, its mark was divided into two perceivably separated bands, one of which was of significantly higher surface quality than the mark tool with no lateral tilt.Results: For the cutting force response model, the experiment confirmed the hypothesis with a determination coefficient value of 93 %. For the models of the other responses, the factor was lower, still, they were in conformity with the hypothesis. Conclusion: The results of the research may confirm that, if using a slim ball nose tool for finishing operations is necessary, suitable lateral tilt could help achieve better cutting stability and surface quality or higher machining productiveness. As a side effect, the phenomenon of a secondary surface with startlingly better roughness value was newly observed when a lateral tilt was used. This is also described in the article.
Genomic analysis and biological properties of a novel Serratia liquefaciens phage
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ning Houqi , Wang Jingxue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel lytic Serratia liquefaciens phage, named vB_Slq_MQ-4, was isolated from sewage. BLASTn analysis showed that the genome sequence of phage vB_Slq_MQ-4 shared only 15% query coverage with that of Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-ep3 with 80.52% identity. Genomic analysis demonstrated that phage vB_Slq_MQ-4 consists of a 43,534 bp of dsDNA with 56% GC content and might be a new member of the family Myoviridae . Moreover, vB_Slq_MQ-4 has strong lytic performance with the shorter latent period (10 min) and the higher burst size (267 PFU per cell) as well as wide range of thermal (below 70℃) and pH tolerance (pH 4-12).
Barriers to hospital-based phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation among Coronary Heart Disease patients in China: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: liu hui , xie xiaoqi , chen qiongshan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
AimsTo investigate barriers to hospital-based phase II cardiac rehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients in China and to explore the deeper reasons.Design An explanatory sequential mixed method design.Methods This study was conducted in a university hospital in China from July 2021 to December 2021.160 patients completed the survey by using the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barrier Scale and then 17 patients participated in the unstructured face- to- face interviews. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data.Results Patients who are working or do not have healthcare insurance are less likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation, while patients after percutaneous coronary intervention or have participated in phase I cardiac rehabilitation were more likely to take the program. The main barriers were distance (3.29±1.565), transportation (2.99±1.503), cost (2.76±1.425), doing exercise at home (2.69±1.509) and time constrain (2.48±1.496). Six themes were identified, logistics factors, social support, misunderstanding of cardiac rehabilitation, program and health system-level factors, impression on cardiac rehabilitation team and psychological distress. The first four themes confirmed the quantitative results and provide a deeper explanation for the quantitative results. The last two themes were new information emerged in the qualitative phase.ConclusionThis mixed methods study provided a better understanding of the barriers to hospital-based phase II cardiac rehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients in the Chinese context. It is time to move from barriers to solutions. Innovative program might be considered to overcome some of these barriers. Additionally, psychosocial interventions should be conducted to transform patient’s cognition problems and build trusted nurse(doctor)-patient relationship.
Autonomous Digitizer Calibration of a Monte Carlo Detector Model through Evolutionary Simulation
Authors: Herald Matthew , Nicușan Andrei , Wheldon Tzany Kokalova , Windows-Yule Christopher , Seville Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Simulating the response of a radiation detector is a modelling challenge due to the stochastic nature of radiation, often complex geometries, and multi-stage signal-processing. While sophisticated tools for Monte Carlo simulation have been developed for radiation transport, emulating signal-processing and data loss must be accomplished using a simplified model of the electronics called the digitizer. Due to a large number of free parameters, calibrating a digitizer quickly becomes an optimisation problem. To address this, we propose using evolutionary algorithms to perform digitizer calibrations. We demonstrate this by calibrating a digitizer for the Phillips/ACAC Forte, which contains six free parameters. The accuracy of solutions is quantified via a cost function measuring the absolute percent difference between simulated and experimental coincidence count rates across a robust characterisation data set, including three detector configurations and a range of source activities. Ultimately, this calibration produces a count rate response with 5.8\% mean difference to the experiment, improving from 18.3\% difference when manually calibrated. Using evolutionary algorithms for model calibration is a notable advancement because this method is autonomous, fault-tolerant, and achieved through a direct comparison of simulation to reality. The software used in this work has been made freely available through a GitHub repository.
Monitoring the neural activity associated with praying in Sahaja Yoga Meditation
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Óscar , Barrós-Loscertales Alfonso , Schjoedt Uffe , González-Mora José L. , Rubia Katya , Suero José , Hernández Sergio Elías 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sahaja Yoga Meditation draws on many religious traditions and uses a variety of techniques including Christian prayer to reach a state known as thoughtless awareness, or mental silence. Based on previous evidence that Christian prayer activates areas associated with social cognition, e.g., medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction and precuneus, we hypothesized that praying in Sahaja Yoga Meditation would recruit a similar pattern of activity. Sixteen experienced Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners were scanned using task based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging while performing formalized and improvised forms of praying, associated with the achievement of the meditative state of mental silence, and their equivalent secular tasks. Our results showed the deactivation of bilateral thalamus during both prayers compared to secular conditions and the activation in the medial prefrontal cortex that was reduced by religious and formalized secular speech conditions but increased during improvised secular speech. This suggests that the perception of the surroundings mediated by the thalamus is unemployed during these prayers probably due to the inner concentration established and that improvised speech affects the medial prefrontal cortex differently depending if it is used in religious or secular conditions, which does not happen with formalized speech and may be related to the effects of meditation on psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that praying by Sahaja Yoga Meditation practitioners is neurophenomenologically different from the social cognitive attempt of praying within Christian praying practices.
Unlocking the potential of private finance for forest and landscape restoration
Authors: Löfqvist Sara , Garrett Rachael , Ghazoul Jaboury 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Private finance is necessary to scale forest and landscape restoration to deliver global commitments, yet finance levels remain insufficient. To understand why funding remains low despite growing interest, we conduct semi-structured interviews with financial actors and restoration finance practitioners to examine what incentives and barriers corporations and asset managers experience in financing restoration, and what type of restoration projects and regions different finance actors are likely to fund. Next, we assess how current financial barriers might be overcome. We find that there are market incentives for corporate entities to finance restoration for carbon drawdown, sustainable branding, and to promote sustainability in supply chains. Conversely, asset managers face strong barriers as projects are deemed high risk and with low prospects for sufficient return on investments. Through enhanced markets for restoration benefits, complementary public policies, and financial instruments, private finance for restoration can be scaled for a wider variety of restoration projects.
The Effect of Digital Storytelling on Nursing Students’ Compliance with Isolation Precautions and Their Knowledge Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: BAYRAM Sule BIYIK , GULNAR Emel , CALISKAN Nurcan , KILIC Cigdem TORUN 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim
This study investigated the effect of digital storytelling on nursing students’ knowledge levels and compliance with isolation precautions.
Background
Background: Nursing students should learn about isolation precautions and how to comply with them. Turkey has shifted to distance learning since the COVID-19 pandemic began. This has been challenging for nursing students, as they have had difficulty acquiring the required knowledge and developing the right attitudes and skills for their future careers. Digital storytelling is an active teaching tool that can help nursing students master the curriculum and improve their skills.
Design:
This study was a pretest-posttest open-label randomized controlled trial.
Method
Data were collected using a Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire (DCQ), the Isolation Knowledge Test (IKT), the Questionnaire of Students’ Opinions on Digital Storytelling (QSODS), and the Scale of Compliance with Isolation Precautions (SCIP). The experimental group attended a digital storytelling activity, while the control group received an education based on the curriculum. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Spearman correlation test.
Results
The experimental group had significantly higher posttest IKT and SCIP scores than the control group (p ˂ .05). Both groups had lower IKT and SCIP scores two months after the experiment, but the change was much smaller in the experimental group.
Conclusion
Digital storytelling helps nursing students learn about isolation precautions and how to comply with them. Digital storytelling also promotes learning retention. In conclusion, digital tools are effective in distance learning.
The morphological classification and clinical significance of atlas vertebral artery sulcus based on Computed Tomography three-dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Hu Dingxiang , Li Changhui , Chen Liang , Ma Chenxi , Huang He , Zheng Ruiqing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to research the morphological classification and clinical significance of Vertebral artery groove on atlas based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction.Methods Methods Three-dimensional reconstruction images of 300 adult atlases were collected. A total of 600 atlas vertebral artery sulcuses were selected in this study. The depth required for grinding drilling(ao), width ( cd ), length ( ab ), height ( H ), lateral wall thickness ( L1 ), inner wall thickness ( L2 ), medial angle (∠α) and the cephalad angle to the transverse plane of atlas pedicle (∠β) were measured.Results CT three-dimensional reconstruction images showed that there were five types of atlas vertebral artery sulcus : no process type (494, 82.33%), upper process type (29,483 % ), lower process type(25,4.17%), double process type(19,3.17%), posterior ring type(33, 5.50 % ). the ao of no protrusion type was the shortest ; L2 of the lower protrusion type was the smallest ; L2 was greater than L1 ; the double protrusion type had the smallest H ; the ∠ α and ∠ β of no protrusion type werethe smallest.Conclusion Among the five types, the no protruding type was the most ( 83.33 % ), and the ∠ α and ∠ β of no protrusion type were the smallest. When screw pedicle screws were inserted, the above two angles should not be too large. Male’s ao was longer than female’s. When using high speed grinding drill to drill the opening, male needsed to drill deeper than female’s, otherwise the nail track was easy to deviate.
Avocado spatial expansion in Mexico: Could the energy use of pruning residues offset GHG emissions?
Authors: Tauro Raul , Armendáriz-Arnez Cynthia , Franch-Pardo Ivan , Manrique Silvina , Charre-Medellin Juan , Ortega-Riascos Cristian , Soria-Gonzalez Jose 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Avocado orchards in Mexico are constantly being expanded to meet the increasing demand for the fruit in the national and international markets. The land-use change (LUC) caused by this expansion has numerous negative impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the loss of forest cover and the open burning of biomass. The present study is a timely evaluation of a complex environmental problem through an integrative approach. We analyze LUC between the years 1974–2017 at a local scale (1:25,000), calculate emissions from LUC, and estimate the energy potential of pruning residues as an alternative to revalue waste and mitigate the negative impacts of avocado cultivation. Our results show that land-use conversions emitted 390.5 Gg CO2 into the atmosphere, of which 91% came from conversions to avocado orchards. Emissions of GHG from open biomass burning amounted to an additional 1.9 to 0.21 Gg CO2e released into the atmosphere per year. Given that around 2500 dry tons of avocado pruning residues are generated annually in the study region, their use for energy generation could replace 50 TJ/year of fossil fuels, offsetting the energy used in orchards and mitigating around 6.4 Gg CO2e per year. Based on our results, we recommend incorporating pruning residues as an energy generation strategy for avocado sustainable development.
A Study of Empathy Levels among Nursing Interns: A cross- sectional Study
Authors: Ghazwani Suaad , Alshowkan Amira , Alsaleh Najla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Empathy is one of the therapeutic communication techniques used to help the client feel better. However, the level of empathy was not identified during nursing internship program. The aim was to examine the level of self-reported empathy among nursing interns. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional in nature. A total of 135 nursing interns fill in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Data was analyzed through the SPSS program. An independent –sample t-test and one way- ANOVA was used to explore differences in the degree of empathy with respect to academic and sociodemographic factors. Results: The study found that nursing interns are generally geared toward a high level of empathy. There was statistical significant difference in the mean level of subscales of perspective-taking and empathic concern between males and females. Additionally, nursing interns who are less than 23 years old scored high in the subscale of perspective-taking. Married nursing interns and who preferred nursing as a profession scored higher in the subscale of empathic concern than unmarried ones and who did not preferred nursing as a profession. Conclusion: Perspective taking incresed with younger male nursing interns, this reflects high cognitive flexibility with younger age nursing interns. Morover, the empathic concern incresed with male married nuring interns who preferred nursing as a profession. This implies that they should engage in continuous reflection and educational activities as part of their clinical training as nursing interns in order to improve their empathic attitudes.
Dose-response of benazepril on biomarkers of the classical and alternative pathways of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in dogs
Authors: Sotillo Samantha , Ward Jessica L. , Guillot Emilie , Domenig Oliver , Yuan Lingnan , Smith Joseph S. , Gabriel Vojtech , Iennarella-Servantez Chelsea A. , Mochel Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) such as benazepril are commonly prescribed in both humans and dogs with heart disease to mitigate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); however, the dose-dependent effects of benazepril on comprehensive RAAS components remain unknown. In this study, nine purpose-bred healthy dogs received three different dosages of oral benazepril (0.125 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, or 0.5 mg/kg) in a randomized crossover design following induction of RAAS activation by consuming a low-sodium diet. Blood samples were collected at serial time intervals after benazepril dosing to measure plasma benazeprilat (active metabolite of benazepril) and serum RAAS biomarkers. Blood pressure and echocardiogram were performed at baseline and after each benazepril administration. Time-weighted averages for RAAS biomarkers for 12 hours post-dose and hemodynamic variables were compared between dosing groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing. Compared to the lowest dosage of benazepril (0.125 mg/kg), the highest dosage (0.5 mg/kg) resulted in lower time-weighted average values of angiotensin (Ang) II (-38%, P = 0.004), Ang1-5 (-53%, P = 0.001), ACE-S (surrogate for ACE activity; -59%, P = 0.0002), and ALT-S (surrogate for alternative RAAS activity; -22%, P = 0.004), and higher values of AngI (+ 78%, P = 0.014) and PRA-S (surrogate for plasma renin activity; +58%, P = 0.040). There were no relevant differences between dosing groups for blood pressure or echocardiographic variables. Knowledge of dose-dependent alterations in biomarkers of the classical and alternative RAAS pathways could help inform clinical trials for dosage optimization in both dogs and humans.
Just Dance: Detection of human body reenactment fake videos
Authors: Alamayreh Omran , Fascella Carmelo , Mandelli Sara , Tondi Benedetta , Bestagini Paolo , Barni Mauro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

In the last few years, research on the detection of AI-generated videos has focused exclusively on detecting facial manipulations known as deepfakes. Much less attention has been paid to the detection of artificial non-facial fake videos. In this paper, we address a new forensic task, namely, the detection of fake videos of human body reenactment. To this purpose, we consider videos generated by the “Everybody Dance Now” framework. To accomplish our task, we have constructed and released a novel dataset of fake videos of this kind, referred to as FakeDance dataset. Additionally, we propose two forgery detectors to study the detectability of FakeDance kind of videos. The first one exploits spatial-temporal clues of a given video by means of hand-crafted descriptors, whereas the second detector is an end-to-end detector based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on purpose. Both detectors have their peculiarities and strengths, working well in different operative scenarios. We believe that our proposed dataset together with the two detectors will contribute to the research on the detection of non-facial fake videos generated by means of AI.