bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and association of interpregnancy weight change with subsequent pregnancy outcomes in Asian women
Authors: Ku Chee Wai , Cheng Tuck Seng , Ku Chee Onn , Zhou Kathy Xinzhuo , Cheung Yin Bun , Godfrey Keith M. , Han Wee Meng , Yap Fabian , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Loy See Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The extent of interpregnancy weight change and its association with subsequent pregnancy outcomes among Asians remain unclear. We aimed to examine the change in maternal body mass index (BMI) between the first two deliveries and outcomes in the second delivery. Medical records of women with their first two consecutive deliveries between 2015 and 2020 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore were retrieved. Analysis was limited to 6264 women with available BMI for both pregnancies, which was standardised to 12 weeks gestation. The difference between gestational-age-adjusted BMI in both pregnancies was calculated as the change in interpregnancy BMI. Main outcomes were low birthweight (<2.5 kg), high birthweight (≥4 kg), small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, elective and emergency Caesarean deliveries. The risk ratios (RR) of pregnancy outcomes were estimated using modified Poisson regression models with confounders adjustment. Of 6264 included women (mean [SD] age 28.4 [4.3] years) with a median interpregnancy interval of 1.44 years, 40.7% had a stable BMI change within +1 kg/m2, 10.3% lost >1 kg/m2, 34.3% gained 1-3 kg/m2 and 14.8% gained ≥3 kg/m2. Compared to women with stable BMI change, those with >1 kg/m2 loss had a higher risk of low birthweight (RR 1.36; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.80), while those with 1-3 kg/m2 gain had higher risks of large-for-gestational-age birth (1.16; 1.03-1.31), gestational diabetes (1.25; 1.06-1.49) and emergency Caesarean delivery (1.16; 1.03-1.31); these risks were higher in those with ≥3 kg/m2 gain. Stratification by BMI revealed that women with BMI <23 kg/m2 and interpregnancy BMI gain had a higher risk of emergency Caesarean delivery, while those with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and interpregnancy BMI loss had a higher risk of low birthweight. Interpregnancy BMI alternations more than 1 kg/m2 are associated with adverse outcomes in the second pregnancy among Asian women. Our study suggests the importance of returning to pre-pregnancy weight and maintaining a stable interpregnancy BMI, to achieve better subsequent pregnancy outcomes.
The transition from HIF-1 to HIF-2 during prolonged hypoxia results from reactivation of PHDs and HIF1A mRNA instability
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Maciej , Moszyńska Adrianna , Króliczewski Jarosław , Cabaj Aleksandra , Bartoszewska Sylwia , Charzyńska Agata , Gebert Magda , Dąbrowski Michał , Collawn James F. , Bartoszewski Rafal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are transcription factors that activate the adaptive hypoxic response when oxygen levels are low. The HIF transcriptional program increases oxygen delivery by inducing angiogenesis and by promoting metabolic reprograming that favors glycolysis. The two major HIFs, HIF-1 and HIF-2, mediate this response during prolonged hypoxia in an overlapping and sequential fashion that is referred to as the HIF switch. Both HIF proteins consist of an unstable alpha chain and a stable beta chain. The instability of the alpha chains is mediated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity during normoxic conditions, which leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the alpha chains. During normoxic conditions, very little HIF-1 or HIF-2 alpha-beta dimers are present because of PHD activity. During hypoxia, however, PHD activity is suppressed, and HIF dimers are stable. Here we demonstrate that HIF-1 expression is maximal after 4 hours of hypoxia in primary endothelial cells and then is dramatically reduced by 8 hours. In contrast, HIF-2 is maximal at 8 hours and remains elevated up to 24 hours. There are differences in the HIF-1 and HIF-2 transcriptional profiles, and therefore understanding how the transition between them occurs is important and not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that the HIF-1 to HIF-2 transition during prolonged hypoxia is mediated by two mechanisms: (1) the HIF-1 driven increase in the glycolytic pathways that reactivates PHD activity and (2) the much less stable mRNA levels of HIF-1α (HIF1A) compared to HIF-2α (EPAS1) mRNA. We also demonstrate that the alpha mRNA levels directly correlate to the relative alpha protein levels, and therefore to the more stable HIF-2 expression during prolonged hypoxia.
Exposure to sexually explicit materials and associated factors among secondary school students in Nekemte town east Wollega zone, western Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study
Authors: Garuma Adugna , Kejela Gemechu , Benti Wase , Bikila Haile , Tolossa Tadesse , Diriba Workineh , Meskelu Mekonin , Desalegn Markos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The recent advancement of internet-enabled technologies has significantly changed the way youth’s encounter and consume sexually explicit materials. Exposure to sexually explicit materials leads youths to risky sexual behavior that contributes for sexually transmitted disease including, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to sexually explicit materials and associated factors among secondary school students of Nekemte town, December 2020.
Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 students from December 1–15/2020.Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique and self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 4.6.0.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Variables with P < 0.25 in Bivariate analysis were selected and further analyzed by multivariable analysis. Statistical significance at multivariable logistic regression was declared at a p < 0.05 using AOR and 95% CI.
Result
-The overall prevalence of sexually explicit material among students was 349(58.0%) out of these exposed participants 188(53.9%) were practiced the sexual act they have seen. The main source for these materials was Smart phone 157(44.7%).Being male[AOR 1.94; 95% CI,1.15–3.26),having uneducated father [6.65; 95% CI.2.89–15.27), having pornography in personal mobile phone [3.05;95%CI,1.74–5.34),being unaware not to watch pornography [5.57;95% CI2.58-12.97] being sexual active[3.578;95%,2.06–6.21] showed significant association with outcome variable.
Production of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in transgenic mice that express propionibacterium acnes isomerase
Authors: Rao Yu , Li Shili , Li Meijuan , Wang yangyang , Liu Zongping , Cui Sheng , Gou Kemian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (PAI) can convert linoleic acid into trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) which can induce body fat loss based on the data from the supplemental CLA in a diet. To investigate the possibility of production of endogenous t10c12-CLA by an animal itself, in the current study, we constructed a pai expression cassette and successfully produced a transgenic mouse that can express PAI enzyme. Analysis of gas chromatography showed that the endogenous t10c12-CLA was produced successfully in various tissues. In addition, in lean transgenic mice, the endogenous t10c12-CLA resulted in an increased (p < 0.05) serum palmitic acid and a decreased (p < 0.05) stearic acid in heart while no fat loss was observed. Contrarily, in obese transgenic mice, the endogenous t10c12-CLA resulted in palmitic acid decrease in liver and heart (p < 0.05) while the decrease in abdominal fat (p < 0.05) was observed simultaneously. The results suggest that the exogenous pai gene can be used to produce the endogenous t10c12-CLA in transgenic mice so as to study its long-term effect on animal health issues.
Determination of total mercury in Spanish samples of baby food, fast food, and daily meal
Authors: Silva Maria José da , Paim Ana Paula S. , Silva Iago J. S. da , Pimentel Maria Fernanda , Cervera M. Luisa , Guardia Miguel de la 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the levels of total mercury (THg) in Spanish samples of baby food, fast food, and daily meal, which people of different ages consume, to evaluate potential toxicological risks through the contribution to the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of this element. The total mercury concentrations were determined in thirteen commercial baby foods for infants 6 to 12 months old, six kinds of fast foods prepared for children, and nine canteen menus prepared for adults. Samples were homogenized, freeze-dried, and analyzed using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). The concentration ranges found were as follows: baby food (0.57-41.9 µg kg-1), fast food (0.54-67.7 µg kg-1), and adult menus (0.43-638 µg kg-1). The recovery of different amounts of spiked mercury ranged from 98.6% to 104.9%, and the accuracy of the method was checked with an analysis of different certified reference materials. The contribution of the samples to the TDI of mercury varied as follows: baby food (0.3-27.8%), fast food (0.5-102.2%), and adult menus (0.3-395.7%). Therefore, it was concluded that total mercury daily intake does not pose risks to Spanish infants, not adults, if not tuna was included on the menu, and it must be taken care of with fast food.
Primary Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor with focal atypical features of the breast. A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Yufei , Zhang Mingjie , Shui Xiaoli , Wang Daizhong , Cao Chunyu , Yao Zhi , Pan Junlong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in breast is rare, while breast fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor (FFSFT) is even more rare in clinic. Here we reported a case of FFSFT with focal atypical features of the left breast, and present the clinicopathological features, molecular features and pathological diagnosis.Case presentation: A 51-year-old female patient underwent breast surgery in clinic of our hospital with a 6 month of a palpable painless left breast mass. Imaging examination of the breast revealed a 3.4 cm ×1.9 cm ×1.7 cm solid mass originating from her left breast. Then the patient underwent left breast lumpectomy in the tumor area, and postoperative pathological result confirmed the diagnosis of FFSFT with focal atypical features deriving from breast. The additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not provided. The patient remains with no evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis in 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Primary breast FFSFT is very rare and easy to be confused with other soft tissue tumors. The definitive diagnosis of primary breast FFSFT should base on histopathological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular detection.
Efficacy of clinical medical training on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child maltreatment in medical students: An 18-month longitudinal study
Authors: Boroon Mahsa , Mokhtari Saba , Nojomi Marzieh , Hadi Fatemeh , Sorayya Shiva , Shalbafan Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment or abuse has been a worldwide major problem and has remained a persistent public health challenge in all countries. Physicians have a significant role in the prevention and intervention of child maltreatment. An educated physician that can effectively identify and report child maltreatment, can fill one of the largest gaps in reducing child abuse.This study was performed to examine the efficacy of clinical medical training regarding child maltreatment among Iranian medical students and outcome of knowledge, attitude, and practice in regards to child maltreatment.Method: All the medical students (235 students) of the Iran University of Medical Sciences who passed the internship entrance exam in 2019-2020 academic year participated in this study. The participants completed the questionnaire about their attitude, knowledge and practice skills in the first month of their internship course and then completed the same questionnaire 18 months later, at the end-point of the internship period.Results: 139 (59.1%) participants were female and 96 (40.9%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 24.35±0.76. Only 7 (3%) of them formerly received any education about child maltreatment.There was a significant difference in scores of the knowledge of diagnosis (p-value< 0.001), the practice of prevention (p-value< 0.002) and the general subscale of the practice section (p-value< 0.001) during the internship course. However, the performance of participants decreased with a significant difference in the subscales of the attitude towards diagnosis (p-value< 0.001) and the attitude towards reporting (p-value< 0.001).At the end of the study, the result of graduated physicians was: The total knowledge and attitude of participants were satisfactory and the majority of the participants were at good levels. Although, in the practice subscale, 70.6% of the participants didn’t identify, 84.7% didn’t refer, and 86.4% didn’t report a case of child abuse in the past year.Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of Iranian recently graduated physicians regarding child maltreatment are at a satisfactory level. Although, the practice level has deficiencies and needs more education. In addition, Iranian medical training regarding child maltreatment is not sufficient and there are multiple obstacles that need to be solved.
Association of Dementia Comorbidities with Caregivers’ Physical, Psychological, Social, and Financial Burden
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Wang Jing , Liu Hua , Wu Chenkai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Informal caregivers of older adults with dementia may experience substantial burdens during their caregiving process, especially when caring for older adults with other comorbid conditions. This study evaluated whether and how comorbidity burden for persons with dementia (PWD) was associated with caregivers’ physical, psychological, social, and financial burden as well as caregiving gain.Methods: Data were from 1,067 community-dwelling older adults living with dementia and their primary caregivers in the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving. PWD’s comorbidity burden was measured by the count of chronic conditions and the pattern of comorbidity identified by the latent class analysis (LCA). We considered four domains of caregiving burden—physical, psychological, social, and financial burden. We used linear regressions to identify the unadjusted and adjusted associations between PWD’s comorbidity burden and caregiving burden and gain. Results: 13.9%, 16.8%, 23.8%, 21.3%, and 24.3% had 0-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more comorbidities, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, an additional chronic condition is associated with an 0.11- and 0.21-point increase in caregivers’ physical and psychological burden, respectively. Caregivers of PWD with five or more chronic conditions had a 0.56- and 1.46-point higher score of physical and psychological burden, respectively, than those caring for PWD with 0 or 1 comorbid condition. Caregivers of PWD in the high comorbidity burden class had a 0.44-point higher score of physical caregiving burden than those in the low comorbidity burden class. No significant association was found between care recipients’ comorbidity burden and their caregivers’ social and financial burden or caregiving gain.Conclusions: The comorbidity burden of PWD was associated with their caregivers’ physical and psychological caregiving burden. Relevant interventions to manage the comorbid conditions of people living with dementia and support their caregivers are crucial to improving their physical health and psychological wellbeing.
Silencing Livin gene expression by RNA interference enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of drug-resistant MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin
Authors: Huang Lei , Lu Shunyi , Bian Mengxuan , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Jian , Sun Kuo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone tumor of mesenchymal origin that mainly occurred in adolescent. Chemotherapy resistance is a major difficulty in the treatment of OS. The aim of the present study was to analyze the function of Livin in the drug resistance of osteosarcoma. Methods: A drug-resistant MG-63 (MG-63/R) cell strain was established in vitro by continuously exposing human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to doxorubicin at gradually increasing concentrations and then determining the index of resistance to doxorubicin. Transfected MG-63/R cells proliferation, viability, migration and invasion were determined with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), live/dead cell staining, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively, and the distribution of the cell cycle phase and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Transcription of Livin mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and relative expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, MMP2-and MMP-9 were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR. Results: The expression of Livin mRNA was knockdown after transfecting Livin shRNA into MG-63/R cells (p < 0.001). Silencing Livin expression could repress the viability, proliferation, invasion and migration, induce apoptosis and increase Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 levels yet decrease Bcl-2. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in MG-63/R cells.Conclusion: Silencing Livin gene expression can enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of drug-resistant MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin, induce apoptosis and inhibit viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability in MG-63/R cells, suggesting that Livin may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the drug resistance of human osteosarcoma.
The effect of a knee brace on muscle forces during single-leg landings at two heights
Authors: Wang Yubin , Hou Yao , Wu Chenxiao , Liu Haibin , Yu Dan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The single-leg landing is one of the maneuvers that has been linked to non-contact ACL injuries, and knee braces have been shown to reduce ACL injury incidence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a knee brace has an effect on muscle force during single-leg landings at two heights through musculoskeletal simulation.Methods: 11 healthy male participants were recruited to complete single-leg landings at 30 cm and 45 cm between the braced and non-braced. We recorded trajectories and ground reaction force using an 8-camera motion capture system and a force platform. The captured data was imported into the generic musculoskeletal model (Gait2392) in OpenSim. Static optimization was used to calculate muscle forces. Results: The gluteus minimus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis medial gastrocnemius, lateral gartrocnemius, and soles muscle forces all showed statistically significant differences between the braced and non-braced. Simultaneously, increasing landing height significantly affected gluteus maximums, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedia muscle forces. Conclusions: Our findings imply that the knee brace may be able to alter muscle forces in single-leg landings to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury. Additionally, research demonstrates that people should avoid landing from heights due to the increased risk of knee injuries.
The elements of resilience in the food system and means to enhance the stability of the food supply in Finland
Authors: Karoliina Rimhanen , Jyrki Aakkula , Kalle Aro , Pasi Rikkonen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Food systems are increasingly exposed to disruptions and shocks, and they are projected to increase in the future. Most recently, the Covid-19 pandemic has increased concerns about the ability to secure the availability of food at stable prices. This article presents a food system resilience framework to promote a national foresight system to better prepare for shocks and disruptions. Our study identified four key elements of resilience: system thinking through science and communication; redundancy of activities and networks; diversity of production and partners; and buffering strategies. Three national means to enhance resilience in the Finnish food system included domestic protein crop production, renewable energy production, and job creation measures. Primary production was perceived as the cornerstone for food system resilience, and the shocks and disruptions that it confronts therefore call for a sufficient and diverse domestic production volume, supported by the available domestic renewable energy. A dialogue between different actors in the food system was highlighted to format a situational picture and enable a rapid response. Our study suggests that to a certain point, concentration and interdependence in the food system increase dialogue and cooperation. For critical resources, sufficient reserve stocks buffer disruptions over a short period in the event of unexpected production or market disruptions. Introducing and strengthening the identified resilience elements and means to the food system call for the preparation of a more holistic and coherent food system policy that acknowledges and emphasises resilience alongside efficiency.
Controlled g-frames and dual g-frames in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Liu Hui-Min , Fu Yan-Ling , Tian Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses controlled g-frames which are extensions of g-frames and controlled frames. Firstly, we discuss the characterization of controlled g-frames, obtain some equivalent conditions of them. Then, we introduce the concept of controlled dual g-frames and controlled dual g-frames operator, get some properties of them. Finally, we characterize all controlled dual g-frames of a controlled generalized frame.2010 MS Classification: 42C15, 42A38
Mesalamine and Cholestyramine for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Mediated Diarrhea and Colitis
Authors: Dutra Barbara , Khurana Shruti , Jacob Jake S. , Altan Melmet , Wang Jianbo , Zhao Dan , Varatharajalu Krishnavathana , Alasadi Mazen , Thomas Anusha S. , Wang Yinghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective against various malignancies. However, adverse events including diarrhea and colitis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Recommendations include steroids and biologic treatment. Given their associated risks, this study evaluated the role of non-immunosuppressive agents e.g. mesalamine and or cholestyramine in the management of diarrhea and colitis.Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, single-center study of adults who developed ICI diarrhea and colitis between 2010 through 2020 at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Clinical data and outcomes were compared between those treated with the non-immunosuppressive therapies mesalamine and/or cholestyramine alone versus those who received additional immunosuppression with steroids and biologics.Results: Our sample comprised 66 patients wherein, the mean age was 63 years, 71% were male, and 97% had stage III /IV cancers. Fourteen patients were treated successfully with non-immunosuppressive therapy. They had grade 1-3 diarrhea and 1-2 colitis with no difference in rate of histologic colitis compared to those who received immunosuppressive therapy. They had less CTLA-4 inhibitor-based therapy (36% vs 73%, P=0.034), delayed onset of symptoms (159 vs 64 days, P=0.011), lower fecal calprotectin levels (56 vs 234, P= 0.012) and were more likely to resume ICI therapy (64% vs 25%, P=0.006). Conclusion: Mesalamine and/or cholestyramine may be effective for mild ICI diarrhea and colitis among patients with delayed symptom onset with lower colonic inflammatory burden. Prospective studies randomizing patients with mild colitis between mesalamine/cholestyramine and immunosuppressive treatment are warranted to assess their efficacy and safety.