bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Thinking and Evaluative Skill: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Guo Yawei , Lin Shengjie , Acar Selcuk , Jin Shuxian , Xu Xizheng , Feng Ye , Zeng Yuntao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluative skill, the ability to accurately assess ideas in terms of originality or creativity, is a critical component of creativity. It involves discarding bad ideas and discerning ideas that are worthwhile to pursue. In light of the growing research on the association between individuals’ evaluative skill and divergent thinking (DT), a research synthesis is needed to clarify discrepant results. Therefore, we examined the relationship between DT and evaluative skill with a three‐level meta‐analytic approach. Based on 96 effect sizes in 20 studies with a total sample of 3,019 participants, results indicated that DT was positively associated with evaluative skill,r = .13 (95% CI [.07, .20],p < .001). Follow‐up moderator analyses revealed that the type of DT tests, the source of ideas, and the type of evaluation tasks were significant moderators. Compared with Instances, Line Meanings, and Consequences, the relationship was (a) weaker when the Uses task was used as the DT test, (b) stronger when the evaluation task was based on Uses, and (c) stronger when people rated their own ideas than when they rated others. The findings implied that DT and evaluative skill are conceptually distinct but interrelated and suggested ways to enhance evaluative skill.
Efficient entrapment of inorganic Se species in water and beer samples with functional groups‐rich monolith‐based adsorbent
Authors: Luo Siyu , Song Xiaochong , Peng Jinghe , Huang Xiaojia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn efficient multiple fibers solid‐phase microextraction method based on porous monolith was established for Se(IV) and Se(VI) analysis. Poly(4‐vinylphenylboronic acid/styrene‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate/divinylbenzene) monolith was fabricated and employed as the extraction phase for efficient entrapment of Se(IV) complexed with o‐phenylenediamine, followed by elution with a methanol/formic acid (99/1.0, v/v) mixture and quantification by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The Se(VI) species was measured by the difference between total inorganic Se and Se(IV) after pre‐reduction. Different characterization techniques were employed to inspect the structure and morphology of prepared adsorbent. A series of key extraction factors were optimized so as to achieve the expected extraction performance. Under the optimized separation and capture parameters, the linear range and limit of detection for Se(IV) in water sample were 0.050–200 and 0.013 μg/L, respectively. For beer sample, the corresponding values were 0.010–300 and 0.032 μg/L. The developed microextraction approach was successfully utilized to detect trace Se(IV) and Se(VI) in environmental water and beer samples with satisfactory fortified recovery and repeatability. Results well reveal the attractive merits of the established method in the analysis of Se species, including simple preparation of adsorbent, convenient extraction procedure, good sensitivity, high cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness.
A neglected aspect of refugee relief works: Secondary and vicarious traumatic stress
Authors: Ebren Gökhan , Demircioğlu Melis , Çırakoğlu Okan Cem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe literature demonstrates evidence that secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious traumatic stress (VTS) may adversely affect the well‐being of refugee relief workers and, thus, the quality of their services. The present review offers an exploration of (a) the theoretical background of STS and VTS, (b) their appearance among refugee relief workers, (c) intervention studies available, (d) common points among intervention studies and guidelines on STS and VTS released by local and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and (e) the potential problems that can be associated with the insufficiency of standardized intervention programs as assessed in effectiveness studies. This review may help mental health professionals in countries that host large numbers of refugees and asylum seekers, such as Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, to design more effective intervention programs targeting STS and VTS.
The experience of use of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainages for early biliary complications after liver transplantation
Authors: Su Wen‐Lung , Yu Fang‐Jung , Huang Jian‐Wei , Shih Ming‐Chen , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Shih Hsiang‐Yao , Huang Yu‐Ling , Chen Ling‐An , Wu Po‐Hsuan , Wu Chia‐Jen , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Kuo Kung‐Kai , Lee King‐Teh , Chang Wen‐Tsan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe our experience and discuss the results, controversies, and the use of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with biliary complications after liver transplantation (LT). Between November 2009 and August 2020, 76 consecutive patients who underwent 77 LTs (44 deceased donor LTs and 33 living donor LTs [LDLT]) were enrolled retrospectively. Endoscopic therapy as initial approach and PTBD as rescue therapy were used for patients with biliary complications. There were 31 patients (31/76, 40.8%) with biliary complications, and two of them died (2/31, 6.5%). Clinical success rate of endoscopic therapy alone was 71.0% (22/31). The remaining nine patients received salvage PTBD and their clinical results were observed according to whether their intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs) was dilated (group A, n = 5) or not (group B, n = 4). In group A, the technical and long‐term clinical success rates of PTBD were 100% and 20%, respectively. These five patients received PTBD ranging from 75 to 732 days after their LTs, and no procedure‐related complications were encountered. In group B, the technical and long‐term clinical success rates of PTBD were 50% and 25%, respectively. Three group B patients (75%) underwent PTBD within 30 days after LDLT and had lethal complications. One patient had graft laceration and survived after receiving timely re‐transplantation. The other two patients died of sepsis due to PTBD‐related bilioportal fistula or multiple liver abscesses. Our experience showed salvage PTBD played a limited role in biliary complications without dilated IHBDs within 1 month after LT.
Nutrient enrichment intensifies the effects of warming on metabolic balance of stream ecosystems
Authors: Cross Wyatt F. , Hood James M. , Benstead Jonathan P. , Huryn Alexander D. , Welter Jill R. , Gíslason Gísli M. , Ólafsson Jón S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate warming and eutrophication are leading drivers of environmental change, and both are likely to alter the role of freshwaters in the global carbon cycle. Recent studies demonstrate that warming of streams can increase freshwater contributions of CO2 to the atmosphere, yet little is known about how such contributions are modulated by the identity or supply of limiting nutrients. We quantified responses of ecosystem metabolism and metabolic balance to whole‐stream enrichments of either nitrogen or phosphorus across a 5°C range of ambient temperature. We show that nutrient enrichment drove large reductions in net ecosystem production, and interactions with temperature amplified these effects in warm N‐enriched streams. Partitioning of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration revealed that these responses were driven by increased respiration of microbial heterotrophs. Our study provides direct experimental evidence that warming‐induced increases in CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are likely intensified in stream ecosystems subject to eutrophication.
Extragingival peripheral ameloblastoma arising in the infratemporal fossa: A case report with an assessment of proliferative activity
Authors: Kono Tatsuyuki , Abe Ayaka , Noguchi Kaori , Uchida Kana , Shinoda Mao , Kawano Kenji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral ameloblastoma is an extraosseous variant of ameloblastoma. We report a rare case arising in an extragingival location.Case PresentationThe patient was a 79‐year‐old man with a firm nodule in the right‐side buccal mucosa. Imaging examinations showed a well‐demarcated mass in the right masticator space (infratemporal fossa). The diagnosis of ameloblastoma was made from the biopsy specimen. After conservative tumor excision, the patient had no recurrence during the follow‐up period of eight and a half years. The Ki‐67 labeling index indicated the nonaggressive nature of the tumor.ConclusionConservative surgery is applicable to extragingival peripheral ameloblastomas.
Antenatal management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: What's next ?
Authors: Russo Francesca , Benachi Alexandra , Gratacos Eduard , Zani Augusto , Keijzer Richard , Partridge Emily , Sananes Nicolas , De Coppi Paolo , Aertsen Michael , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Deprest Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia can be diagnosed in the prenatal period and its severity can be measured by fetal imaging. There is now level I evidence that, in selected cases, Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion with a balloon increases survival to discharge from the neonatal unit as well as the risk for prematurity. Both effects are dependent on the time point of tracheal occlusion. Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion may also lead to iatrogenic death when the balloon cannot be timely retrieved. The implementation of the findings from our clinical studies, may also vary based on local conditions. These may be different in terms of available skill set, access to fetal therapy, as well as outcome based on local neonatal management. We encourage prior benchmarking of local outcomes with optimal postnatal management, based on large enough numbers and using identical criteria as in the recent trials. We propose to work further on prenatal prediction methods, and the improvement of fetal intervention. In this manuscript, we describe a research agenda from a fetal medicine perspective. This research should be in parallel with innovation in neonatal and pediatric (surgical) management of this condition.
Physicochemical property evaluation of modified oligonucleotides by traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Omuro Shogo , Yamaguchi Takao , Kawase Taiji , Terasaki Maki , Hirose Kenji , Obika Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

RationaleTherapeutic oligonucleotides have molecular weights of more than 6000 Da. They typically contain chemically modified structures such as phosphorothioate (PS) and a locked nucleic acid (LNA). To determine the effect of the length and chemical modification on the physicochemical properties, various nucleic acids with different lengths and modified structures were analyzed using traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS).MethodsThe physicochemical characteristics of the modified oligonucleotides were determined using IM‐MS. Each oligonucleotide was evaluated by confirming the multivalent charge state drift times, collision cross‐section (CCS) values, and CCS widths.ResultsBy plotting the m/z for oligonucleotides of different lengths and the CCS values at each charge state, a bottoming‐out shape plot at one charge per 4.0–3.5 bases was confirmed. Moreover, significant differences were observed in the CCS values between the PS‐modified and unmodified oligonucleotides. The PS‐modified oligonucleotide showed a wider CCS range that was proportional to the PS modification ratio of the oligonucleotide sequence.ConclusionsThe TWIMS results showed a correlation between the length and modification of oligonucleotides and the CCS values. In addition, it suggested that each charge state of the oligonucleotide ion has different physicochemical properties.
Effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on the prescribing behaviours of companion animal veterinarians: A pre–post study
Authors: Walker Ben , Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando , Barker Emi N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a formal discussion of antimicrobial stewardship for dogs and cats on systemic antimicrobial prescribing behaviours among companion animal veterinarians.MethodsElectronic health records including information about the prescription of antimicrobials were collected from a multisite UK veterinary practice between 2017 and 2020. We undertook interrupted time series analysis using a quasi‐Poisson model to compare the pre‐ and postintervention change in level and slope for multiple outcomes.ResultsAfter the intervention, there were sustained reductions in the prescription rate of cefovecin to cats and metronidazole to dogs and increases in amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid prescribing. There was no evidence for an immediate change in overall prescribing rates in either species, although rates increased over the 12 months after the intervention. There was a transient increase in the proportion of dogs who had their weight recorded at the time of prescription. Results suggest decreases in the prescription of off‐licence antimicrobials in both species and the likelihood of underdosing in dogs.ConclusionsDiscussion of antimicrobial stewardship is more likely to influence the antimicrobial choice than whether to prescribe or not. Interventions may benefit by focusing on appropriate antimicrobial selection rather than overall prescription frequency.
Introduction
Authors: Amaral Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis book presents an overview of policies and practices aimed at promoting equity in access to higher education. Despite an initial idea that massification of higher education would have, at least, attenuated differences in the access of higher education related to the social background of students and their families, it has been observed that equity has not been achieved. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical background of the problem based on the positional character of higher education. Chapters 3 to 9 present several national cases, including the U.S., Brazil and a number of European countries. All these chapters present a critical analysis of access policies and of why they have failed to promote equity in the sense of fairness, meaning ensuring the elimination of obstacles to achieving educational potential resulting from personal and social factors. Chapter 10 presents the conclusions of the book.
Conclusion: Learning from the Past to Shape Future Policies Towards Equity in Higher Education
Authors: Tavares Orlanda , Sin Cristina , Sá Carla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe concluding chapter highlights that the commitment with equity in the analysed contexts has increased social justice and contributed to a reduction of social inequalities. However, the policies employed to improve equity are not homogenous since they depend on the local, educational, historical, economic and political conditions that favour the persistence of social inequalities and on the levels at which inequalities occur (access, institutional stratification, retention or attainment). Although massification of higher education systems seems to have allowed the participation of students from deprived backgrounds, the competition is now mostly occurring for places in the most prestigious institutions and study programmes. The winners continue to be students of high socioeconomic status, who benefit from a number of advantages: access to information, lower aversion to debt, better previous schooling and academic achievement or higher expectations. The chapter critically discusses the policies that need to acknowledge the fact that inequalities persist at other levels, despite the massification of participation.
Towards Equity: Developing a National Approach to Improving Social Justice through Higher Education in England
Authors: Thomas Liz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEngland presents an interesting case study of a country that has attempted to improve social justice within a neo-liberal higher education system. Expansion of the higher education sector did not achieve equality, and there has been recognition of the need to also consider equality of outcomes, especially success within higher education. England has achieved only a small differential between students from the highest and lowest socio-economic groups for continuation and completion, and has utilised national policy tools to achieve this. Research about student retention and success tends to focus on changing either the student or the institution, but England has used a combination of national policy tools to stimulate institutional responsibility for success and to promote institutional change. This has contributed to greater equity, shifting from the focus from fairness in participation to inclusion. Challenges still remain however, with regards to improving access in general and to the most selective universities in particular, levelling the attainment between groups, and achieving equity in terms of labour market and postgraduate outcomes. Moving forward, these three issues should be the priorities for English higher education policy makers.
An Equality Paradox? The Northern European Case
Authors: Aamodt Per Olaf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Nordic countries are often regarded as unique, with relatively small income differences and welfare state policies characterised by universal and generous public support to its citizens. Educational policies aim at offering schooling for all, with a predominantly public comprehensive school system free of tuition. Based on a broad review of research contributions, this paper aims at investigating whether access to higher education in the Nordic countries are also more equitable than in most other countries.Research on inequality in higher education has adapted a broad range of data, methodology and theoretical approaches, and it is difficult to draw exact conclusions. Nevertheless, the Nordic countries are among the group of countries showing a positive development towards equality. At the other hand, the enrolment pattern is still socially biased in spite of a massive growth in higher education participation. Furthermore, recent comparative research has shown substantial differences between the Nordic countries in both level and trends in participation.While access to higher education in general has become more equal in the Nordic countries, enrolment to the most prestigious study programmes is still strongly socially selective, giving support to the Effectively Maintained Inequality theory.
The Electro-Weak Phase Transition at Colliders: Discovery Post-Mortem
Authors: Papaefstathiou Andreas , White Graham 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the capabilities of a future proton collider to probe the nature of the electro-weak phase transition, following the hypothetical discovery of a new scalar particle. We focus on the real singlet scalar field extension of the Standard Model, representing the most minimal, and challenging to probe, framework that can enable a strong first-order electro-weak phase transition. By constructing detailed phenomenological methods for measuring the mass and accessible couplings of the new scalar particle, we find that a 100 TeV proton collider has the potential to explore the parameter space of the real singlet model and provide meaningful constraints on the electro-weak phase transition. We empirically find some necessary conditions for the realization of a strong first order electroweak phase transition and conjecture that additional information, including through multi-scalar processes and gravitational wave detectors, are likely needed to gauge the nature of the cosmological electro-weak transition. This study represents the first crucial step towards solving the inverse problem in the context of the electro-weak phase transition.
Phase transitions for deformations of JT supergravity and matrix models
Authors: Rosso Felipe , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We analyze deformations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) supergravity by adding a gas of defects, equivalent to changing the dilaton potential. We compute the Euclidean partition function in a topological expansion and find that it matches the perturbative expansion of a random matrix model to all orders. The matrix model implements an average over the Hamiltonian of a dual holographic description and provides a stable non-perturbative completion of these theories of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 dilaton-supergravity. For some range of deformations, the supergravity spectral density becomes negative, yielding an ill-defined topological expansion. To solve this problem, we use the matrix model description and show the negative spectrum is resolved via a phase transition analogous to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition. The matrix model contains a rich and novel phase structure that we explore in detail, using both perturbative and non-perturbative techniques.
Central charges, elliptic genera, and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (2, 2) AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Ardehali Arash Arabi , Jiang Jiaqi , Zhao Wenli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) AdS3/CFT2 dualities proposed in the large central charge limit (c → ∞) by Eberhardt. Here we propose the associated D1-D5 systems to be orbifolds of the standard $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) systems, thereby elevating the dualities to the finite-c level on the boundary and to the quantum level in the bulk. In particular, we show that our brane systems yield low-energy sigma models whose subleading central charges match earlier predictions from bulk one-loop supergravity computations. In the case involving the Enriques surface, the finite-c sigma model has a non-trivial elliptic genus which we use to microscopically explain both the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the subleading logarithmic correction to it for the associated macroscopic black brane.
Comprehensive study of distributions of residual stress and Young’s modulus in large-diameter sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) log
Authors: Matsuo-Ueda Miyuki , Tsunezumi Tsubasa , Jiang Zhuoting , Yoshida Masato , Yamashita Kana , Matsuda Yosuke , Matsumura Yukari , Ikami Yuji , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAged conifer forests in Japan are expected to produce large-diameter logs, defined as logs with a top-end diameter of 30 cm or more. However, the knowledge and techniques for industrial processing of large-diameter logs of Japanese wood species have not been sufficiently developed. This study was aimed at characterizing the longitudinal component of residual stress distribution of large-diameter logs of sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica), a major tree species cultivated in Japan, as the processing yield of primary lumber from large-diameter logs is affected by the magnitude and distribution pattern of the residual stress. The radial distributions of the released strain of residual stress, tensile Young’s modulus, and residual stress were measured using 63 logs. The radial distributions of the released strain and residual stress showed typical patterns reported in previous studies: contraction near the bark and elongation near the pith in the released strain, tensile stress near the bark, and compressive stress near the pith. The radial distributions of Young’s modulus showed a typical pattern: low near the pith and high near the bark. The difference between the maximum and minimum released strains in each log varied widely among individuals, which was expected to result in a wide variation in crooking when rip sawing. The longitudinal uniformity and axial symmetry of the radial distribution of the released strain and residual stress were experimentally confirmed, which lays the groundwork for improved understanding of the residual stress in sugi logs.