bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent profile analysis of cognitive function and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Chengjue , Wei Chengxia , Hong Huifang , Wei Wei , Lu Gendi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundGeriatric cognitive impairment often occurs in conjunction with depressive symptoms. This study focuses on categorising the Chinese elderly with such co‐occurring symptoms into homogeneous groups using latent profile analysis (LPA), a person‐centred statistical approach.MethodsInformation on cognitive function and depressive states of the elderly was extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The underlying characteristics were identified by LPA, and based on those findings, differences in demographic characteristics of different subgroups were explored by chi‐squared test and analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 6710 Chinese elderly who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the dataset. Four subgroups were identified among this sample by LPA, based on cognitive function associated with depressive symptoms, and named in this study as follows: mild cognitive impairment (n= 3747, 55.84%), moderate cognitive impairment (n= 1306, 19.46%), mild cognitive impairment combined with depressive symptoms (n= 1114, 16.6%), and moderate cognitive impairment combined with depression (n= 543, 8.09%). Age, gender, marital status, and educational level were all significantly different across subgroups (P < 0.001); religious belief and pension mode, however, were not (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the present study, four subgroups of cognitive function combined with depressive symptoms were found in Chinese elderly individuals, and differences in demographic factors were noted between the subgroups. In clinical practise, these findings could help clinical workers identify patients accurately and consider the demographic features of each subgroup when designing medical treatment, care, and rehabilitation programmes for those with cognitive impairment and concomitant depressive symptoms.
Neural response to social but not monetary reward predicts increases in depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Freeman Clara , Panier Lidia , Schaffer Joelle , Weinberg Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of depressive symptoms has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially among those with greater pandemic‐related stress exposure; however, not all individuals exposed to pandemic stress will develop depression. Determining which individuals are vulnerable to depressive symptoms as a result of this stress could lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of depression. This study sought to determine whether neural sensitivity to monetary and/or social reward prospectively predicts depressive symptoms during periods of high stress. 121 participants attended pre‐pandemic laboratory visits where they completed monetary and social reward tasks while electroencephalogram was recorded. Subsequently, from March to August 2020, we sent eight questionnaires probing depressive symptoms and exposure to pandemic‐related stressors. Using repeated‐measures multilevel models, we evaluated whether neural response to social or monetary reward predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the early course of the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined whether neural response to social or monetary reward moderated the association between pandemic‐related episodic stressors and depressive symptoms. Pandemic‐related stress exposure was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Additionally, we found that blunted neural response to social but not monetary reward predicted increased depressive symptoms during the pandemic. However, neither neural response to social nor monetary reward moderated the association between episodic stress exposure and depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that neural response to social reward may be a useful predictor of depressive symptomatology under times of chronic stress, particularly stress with a social dimension.
Hospital nurses' experiences and expectations of compassion and compassionate leadership
Authors: Salminen‐Tuomaala Mari , Seppälä Satu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationale and AimNurses caring for critically ill patients need compassionate attention and support, especially during exceptional times. The aim of this study was to provide a trustworthy description of nurses' experiences and expectations for compassionate leadership and compassion at a central hospital in Finland. The study was conducted during the early stage of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic.Ethical Issues and ApprovalThe voluntary nature and anonymity of the survey were stressed in the cover letter, to make sure that participants did not perceive any undue influence caused by participating in the study.MethodsThe participants were 50 intensive care and emergency nurses of a central hospital. An online survey tool with open questions was used to collect data on the meaning of compassion and on nurses' experiences and expectations of compassion and compassionate leadership. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe nurses reported a great variety of positive experiences of compassion, although the emphasis in this study seemed to be on the absence of compassion, especially in regard to leadership. The nurses expected individual attention and genuine physical and psychological presence from their immediate supervisors.Study LimitationsOne researcher analysed the data, which can cause some bias in the qualitative analysis.ConclusionsImmediate supervisors express compassion by being physically present and by fostering an open dialogue. Compassion received from leaders and colleagues may be reproduced in patient contacts, which can increase patients' confidence and psychological safety. Participatory and simulation‐based learning methods, which involve shared reflection, are recommended for compassionate leadership skills.
Political regimes and financial crises
Authors: Hasanov Rashad , Bhattacharya Prasad Sankar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how democratic or autocratic regimes, their transitions, and durations, affect the probability of experiencing financial crises. The empirical strategy employs novel instruments and Lewbel's method to address potential endogeneity concerns. The results reveal that democratic transition reduces the probability of crises by around seven percent, whereas autocratic switchovers enhance the crises likelihood by twelve percent. The findings remain robust in presence of a number of heterogeneity checks, with alternative measures of crises indicators, and employing different proxy for democratic transition. Thus, institutions in transition countries could play important role in managing such financial upheavals.
Asking for help as a key to success: The relationship between student help‐seeking skills and mathematics self‐efficacy
Authors: Miles Sandra J. , Vela Katherine N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccording to Social Cognitive Theory, self‐efficacy describes students' beliefs in their ability to be successful within a certain task or domain. Though some contributions to self‐efficacy are generally accepted, it is important to continue to look for additional factors that contribute to self‐efficacy, especially those that provide opportunities for educators to improve their students' self‐efficacy. This study uses regression analyses on a sample (n = 225) of undergraduate students to examine the unique contribution that help‐seeking beliefs make to mathematical self‐efficacy. Results show that help‐seeking beliefs have a positive relationship with self‐efficacy and make a unique, positive contribution to self‐efficacy even when controlling for other sources of self‐efficacy. Results suggest the need for educators to improve student help‐seeking beliefs by purposefully teaching help‐seeking skills and providing more access to effective, individualized help for students.
Uncertainty reduction in residual stress measurements by an optimised inverse solution using nonconsecutive polynomials
Authors: Brítez Diego L. , Prime Michael B. , Werda Sana , Laheurte Raynald , Darnis Philippe , Cahuc Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany destructive methods for measuring residual stresses such as the slitting method require an inverse analysis to solve the problem. The accuracy of the result as well as an uncertainty component (the model uncertainty) depends on the basis functions used in the inverse solution. The use of a series expansion as the basis functions for the inverse solution was analysed in a previous work for the particular case where functions orders grew consecutively. The present work presents a new estimation of the model uncertainty and a new improved methodology to select the final basis functions for the case where the basis is composed of polynomials. Including nonconsecutive polynomial orders in the basis generates a larger space of possible solutions to be evaluated and allows the possibility to include higher‐order polynomials. The paper includes a comparison with two other inverse analyses methodologies applied to synthetically generated data. With the new methodology, the final error is reduced and the uncertainty estimation improved.
Prenatal management of fetal anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency: A case report
Authors: Maisonneuve Emeline , Sohier Lepine Marlène , Maurice Paul , Pissard Serge , Lafon Bertrand , Mailloux Agnès , Dhombres Ferdinand , Leverger Guy , Jouannic Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency is the most common enzyme defect of glycolysis, leading to congenital hemolytic anemia, which can occur during the neonatal period.Study Design and MethodsWe report the prenatal management of fetal anemia related to PK deficiency in a family with a severe proband.ResultsThe couple had a first child born with hydrops, whose PK deficiency was diagnosed at 18 months of life. He was treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The second child was free from disease. For the third pregnancy, the amniocentesis revealed a PK deficiency. Weekly ultrasound monitoring of the middle cerebral artery velocity allowed the detection of severe fetal anemia. Two intrauterine red blood cell transfusions (IUTs) were performed, raising the fetal hemoglobin from 6.6 to 14.5 g/dl at 28 weeks' gestation and from 8.9 to 15.3 g/dl at 31 weeks. A hematopoietic stem cell allograft was discussed prenatally but not chosen, as it would not have significantly changed the perinatal prognosis. The patient delivered a 2730 g girl at 37 weeks, with hemoglobin of 13.6 g/dl. The child presented with neonatal jaundice treated with phototherapy and received postnatal transfusions.DiscussionWhen a proband is identified in a family, fetal investigation is warranted, to set up third‐trimester ultrasound surveillance and perinatal management. In case of fetal severe anemia of unknown etiology, the workup on fetal blood sampling before IUT should comprise the search for erythrocytes enzymopathies, such as PK deficiency. IUTs allow safer full‐term delivery in cases with PK deficiency.
Review of the Basic Elastic Mechanical Properties and Their Realignment to Establish Ductile Versus Brittle Failure Behaviors
Authors: Christensen Richard M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe underlying formalism of isotropic elasticity theory is shown to benefit from a review and re-examination of its structure thereby yielding a re-alignment of the basic moduli type properties. When this is accomplished the pathway to understanding ductile versus brittle failure behaviors becomes much more accessible. The ductile/brittle transition in uni-axial tension then admits a simple and direct specification in terms of the two elastic moduli 2 μ and k. The consequences of these results are discussed in the context of general failure theory.
Indian Endurance Athletes’ Menstrual Cycle: Practices, Knowledge, Communication, Health, and Changes in Perceptions Across the Phases
Authors: Majumder Tanugatri , De Martin Topranin Virginia , Sandbakk Øyvind , Noordhof Dionne A. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To describe menstrual cycle (MC)-related practices, knowledge, communication, and health in Indian endurance athletes and to investigate the changes in their perception of sleep quality, readiness to train, training quality, fitness, and performance across the MC. Methods: Data on female Indian athletes (N = 96, age 22 [3] y) competing in 7 endurance sports at (inter)national and state level were collected using an online questionnaire. A Friedman rank sum test was used to assess changes in sleep quality, readiness to train, training quality, fitness, and performance across MC phases (ie, during, immediately after, and just before the bleeding phase). Results: Most of the athletes showed poor MC-related practices and suboptimal knowledge and communication about the MC. Despite no clear signs of serious health conditions, many athletes (63.5%) experienced irregular bleeding phases, particularly during periods with high exercise intensity or high training volume (54.4%). Perceived sleep quality, readiness to train, fitness, performance, and the quality of high-intensity and strength training changed significantly throughout the MC (P < .001), with a higher prevalence of a positive perception immediately after the bleeding phase. The perceived quality of low-intensity training did not change significantly throughout the MC (P = .244). Conclusions: Knowledge and communication about the MC were found to be poor in Indian endurance athletes, who reported that the MC significantly influenced their sleep quality, readiness to train, training quality, fitness, and performance.
Pregnancy induces pancreatic insulin secretion in women with long-standing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Espes Daniel , Magnusson Louise , Caballero-Corbalan José , Schwarcz Erik , Casas Rosaura , Carlsson Per-Ola 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPregnancy entails both pancreatic adaptations with increasing β-cell mass and immunological alterations in healthy women. In this study, we have examined the effects of pregnancy on β-cell function and immunological processes in long-standing type 1 diabetes (L-T1D).Research design and methodsFasting and stimulated C-peptide were measured after an oral glucose tolerance test in pregnant women with L-T1D (n=17) during the first trimester, third trimester, and 5–8 weeks post partum. Two 92-plex Olink panels were used to measure proteins in plasma. Non-pregnant women with L-T1D (n=30) were included for comparison.ResultsFasting C-peptide was detected to a higher degree in women with L-T1D during gestation and after parturition (first trimester: 64.7%, third trimester: 76.5%, and post partum: 64.7% vs 26.7% in non-pregnant women). Also, total insulin secretion and peak C-peptide increased during pregnancy. The plasma protein levels in pregnant women with L-T1D was dynamic, but few analytes were functionally related. Specifically, peripheral levels of prolactin (PRL), prokineticin (PROK)-1, and glucagon (GCG) were elevated during gestation whereas levels of proteins related to leukocyte migration (CCL11), T cell activation (CD28), and antigen presentation (such as CD83) were reduced.ConclusionsIn summary, we have found that some C-peptide secretion, that is, an indirect measurement of endogenous insulin production, is regained in women with L-T1D during pregnancy, which might be attributed to elevated peripheral levels of PRL, PROK-1, or GCG.
How do tobacco control policies work in low-income and middle-income countries? A realist synthesis
Authors: Hebbar Pragati Bhaskar , Dsouza Vivek , Bhojani Upendra , Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas , van Schayck Onno CP , Babu Giridhara R , Nagelhout Gera E 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe burden of tobacco use is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scarce theorisation on what works with respect to implementation of tobacco control policies in these settings. Given the complex nature of tobacco control policy implementation, diversity in outcomes of widely implemented policies and the defining role of the context, we conducted a realist synthesis to examine tobacco control policy implementation in LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic realist literature review to test an initial programme theory developed by the research team. We searched EBSCOHost and Web of Science, containing 19 databases. We included studies on implementation of government tobacco control policies in LMICs.ResultsWe included 47 studies that described several contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes related to implementing tobacco control policies to varying depth. Our initial programme theory identified three overarching strategies: awareness, enforcement, and review systems involved in implementation. The refined programme theory identifies the plausible mechanisms through which these strategies could work. We found 30 mechanisms that could lead to varying implementation outcomes including normalisation of smoking in public places, stigmatisation of the smoker, citizen participation in the programme, fear of public opposition, feeling of kinship among violators and the rest of the community, empowerment of authorised officials, friction among different agencies, group identity among staff, shared learning, manipulation, intimidation and feeling left out in the policy-making process.ConclusionsThe synthesis provides an overview of the interplay of several contextual factors and mechanisms leading to varied implementation outcomes in LMICs. Decision-makers and other actors may benefit from examining the role of one or more of these mechanisms in their particular contexts to improve programme implementation. Further research into specific tobacco control policies and testing particular mechanisms will help deepen our understanding of tobacco control implementation in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191541.
Intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in women: cohort study
Authors: Børresen Kristin Øksendal , Rosendahl-Riise Hanne , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Egeland Grace M 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in a population of Norwegian mothers followed up to 10 years after delivery.DesignWomen without hypertension at baseline in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (n=60 027) who delivered between 2004 and 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to ascertain antihypertensive medication use after the first 90 days following delivery. Diet was assessed by a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in mid pregnancy. Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HRs for the development of hypertension associated with SSB consumption as percent energy by quintiles in multivariable models. Supplemental analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by a low versus high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.78 compared with ≥0.78).ResultsA total of 1480 women developed hypertension within 10 years of follow-up. The highest relative to the lowest quintile of SSB intake was associated with an elevated risk for hypertension after adjusting for numerous covariates in adjusted models (HR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.42)). Consistency in results was observed in sensitivity analyses. In stratified analyses, the high SSB intake quintile associated with elevated hypertension risk among women who were normotensive during pregnancy (HR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.52)), who had normal body mass index (HR: 1.49 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.93)) and among women with low sodium to potassium ratio (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.70)).ConclusionsThis study provides strong evidence that SSB intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in women.
Are COVID-19 age-mortality curves for 2020 flatter in developing countries? Evidence from a cross-sectional observational study of population-level official death counts and excess deaths estimates
Authors: Demombynes Gabriel , de Walque Damien , Gubbins Paul , Urdinola Piedad , Veillard Jeremy 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesPrevious studies have found a pattern of flatter COVID-19 age-mortality curves among low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using only official COVID-19 death counts. This study examines this question by comparing the age gradient of COVID-19 mortality in a broad set of countries using both official COVID-19 death counts and excess mortality estimates for 2020.DesignThis observational study uses official COVID-19 death counts for 76 countries and excess death estimates for 42 countries. A standardised population analysis was conducted to assess the extent to which variation across countries in the age distribution of COVID-19 deaths was driven by variation in the population age distribution.Setting and primary outcomesOfficially reported COVID-19 deaths and excess deaths for 2020 for all countries where such data were available in the COVerAGE database and the short-term mortality fluctuations harmonised data series, respectively.ResultsA higher share of pandemic-related deaths in 2020 occurred at younger ages in middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. People under age 65 years constituted on average (1) 10% of official deaths and 11 % of excess deaths in high-income countries, (2) 34% of official deaths and 33% of excess deaths in upper-middle-income countries, and (3) 54% of official deaths in LMICs. These contrasting profiles are due only in part to differences in population age structure.ConclusionsThese findings are driven by some combination of variation in age patterns of infection rates and infection fatality rates. They indicate that COVID-19 is not just a danger to older people in developing countries, where a large share of victims are people of working age, who are caregivers and breadwinners for their families.