bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of definitions in the measurement of long‐term health conditions in childhood. Variations in prevalence of long‐term health conditions in the UK using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, 2004–2015
Authors: Panagi Laura , White Simon R. , Patel Sohum , Bennett Sophie , Shafran Roz , Ford Tamsin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the impact of various measurements of long‐term health conditions (LTCs) on the resulting prevalence estimates using data from a nationally representative dataset.MethodsChildren and young people in the Millennium Cohort Study were followed at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 years (N = 15,631). We estimated the weighted prevalence of LTCs at each time point and examined the degree to which estimates agreed with alternate health indicators (special educational needs and disability [SEND], specific chronic conditions, and common chronicity criteria) using descriptive analyses, Cohen's kappa statistic, and percentage agreement.ResultsThe estimated weighted prevalence of LTCs peaked at 5 years old (20%). Despite high percentage agreement, we observed at best moderate chance‐corrected agreement between the type of LTC and reasons for SEND (kappas from 0.02 to 0.56, percentage agreement from 97% to 99%) or specified chronic conditions (kappas from 0.002 to 0.02, percentage agreement from 73% to 97%). Applying chronicity criteria decreased the estimated weighted prevalence of LTCs (3%).ConclusionHow long‐term conditions are defined drastically alters the estimated weighted prevalence of LTCs. Improved clarity and consistency in the definition and measurement of LTCs is urgently needed to underpin policy and commissioning of services.
Prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy in two regions of Australia
Authors: Park Susanna B. , Li Tiffany , Kiernan Matthew C. , Garg Nidhi , Wilson Ian , White Richard , Boggild Michael , McNabb Andrew , Lee‐Archer Matthew , Taylor Bruce V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsImmune‐mediated neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) produce significant disability and often require maintenance treatment. There is a paucity of epidemiological data on these conditions in Australia.MethodsWe undertook a prevalence study of CIDP and MMN in North Queensland and Tasmania, coinciding with a national census. Diagnoses were classified against the diagnostic criteria of the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society. Case ascertainment was undertaken via multiple methods, including survey of local neurologists across public and private clinics, search of neurophysiology, neurology and hospital databases, search of admitted hospital database collections using ICD codes and through immunoglobulin therapy prescription lists.ResultsThe crude prevalence of CIDP was 5.00 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79–6.62) and the crude prevalence of MMN was 1.33 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.78–2.27). Prevalence was also investigated using National Blood Authority numbers of cases prescribed immunoglobulin therapy, indicating a CIDP prevalence of 5.72 per 100,000 (95% CI 4.41–7.43) and MMN prevalence of 1.94 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.24–3.03). There was no significant difference between these numbers and those calculated through access of patient records locally. There was no significant difference in prevalence between Tasmania and North Queensland for any category.DiscussionThis study updates the prevalence of CIDP and MMN in Australia. Understanding the distribution of CIDP and MMN patients and their need for treatment is essential for future resource planning and to enable monitoring and coordination of therapies such as immunoglobulin.
Safety of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with well‐controlled myasthenia gravis
Authors: Gamez Josep , Gamez Alejandro , Carmona Francesc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsData on safety and tolerability of the vaccines against severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2, or coronavirus disease‐2019 [COVID‐19]) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) are currently limited. In this study we investigated the safety of mRNA‐based two‐dose vaccination in a cohort of patients with MG.MethodsThis investigation was a prospective observational study of messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based vaccines administered to patients with MG with stable disease. Local and systemic reactogenicity after injection was monitored for each dose administered. The patients were categorized and clinically assessed following the recommendations of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America.ResultsThirty‐six males and 55 females (mean age at first vaccine dose, 58.8 years; standard deviation, = 17.1 years) received vaccines. Seventy‐two patients (79.1%) were taking one or more immunosuppressant(s). The most frequent adverse effects were injection‐site pain, fatigue, myalgia, chills, fever, and headache. Local and systemic reactions were transient; 58.2% of the patients developed one or more reaction(s). There were no anaphylactic reactions. None of the patients had a myasthenic crisis, and two developed a mild deterioration compared with their Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis baseline score. The clinical outcome scores showed no exacerbation of MG symptoms. Patients over 65 years of age developed fewer adverse effects. COVID‐19 vaccination did not induce clinical exacerbation in stable patients with MG, regardless of their age, sex, history of myasthenic crisis, or whether they were taking immunosuppressants.DiscussionOur data are consistent with the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine being well tolerated in patients with well‐controlled MG. The findings may contribute to decisions in vaccination campaigns in the future.
Preparation of the polyvinyl alcohol thermal energy storage film containing the waste fly ash based on the phase change material
Authors: Mao Shuang‐dan , Lin Fu‐hua , Zhao Yu‐ying , Li Xiang‐yang , Zhang Yan‐li , Dong Ya‐peng , Zhao Jia‐le , Zhang Hui , Wang Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blending with the phase change material (PCM) to prepare thermal energy storage film has the disadvantage of leakage. The waste fly ash (FA) can be used as the substrate of PCM to prevent leakage and give the FA high value. In this study, the rude fly ash (RFA) with the modification of rinsing and HCl treatment impregnates the stearic acid (SA) directly to prepare rFAS and HFAS, respectively. The PVA/FAS thermal energy storage films are prepared by solution casting. The surface properties and the absorption capacity analysis of the FA indicated that the modification can increase the surface areas and average pore volume and the HFAS have the best adsorption capacity. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that the SA successfully adsorbed on the FA. The PVA/FAS thermal energy storage films with the 15% HFAS content have the best tensile strength (9.87 MPa), thermal conductivity (0.611 W·m−1·K−1), and thermal energy storage property (59.04 J·g−1 after 1 cycle time) because of the best compatibility between HFAS and PVA. After 500 cycle times, the latent heat of the PVA/HFAS decreased only 4.62% and the PVA/RFAS and PVA/RFAS decreased by 8.32%, and 10.87%, respectively.
Performance of full‐field digital mammography versus digital breast
Authors: Wang Mengru , Zhuang Shan , Sheng Liuli , Zhao Yu Nian , Shen Wenrong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that the combination of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) can improve the display of malignant tumors, reduce false positive results, and make up for the major deficiencies of traditional DM. In addition, the recall rate of patients with combined DBT was significantly reduced, especially those under 50 years of age and those with dense breast glands. The objective of this study is to compare the difference of DM and DM+ DBT in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors in different subgroups. A retrospective analysis was performed on 578 pathologically confirmed breast diseases in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. All were female, aged 23–85, with an average age of 53. Their DM and DBT images will be reviewed in an independent blind manner by an experienced radiologist. The doctor was unable to obtain the results of previous tests. The sensitivity and specificity of population samples and different subgroups were calculated. Overall sensitivity was 65% for DM, 93% for DM+ DBT. The addition of DBT significantly increased the tumor detection rate (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% confidence interval: 4.78, 10.4; p = .00), the difference was statistically significant. For patients <50 years of age, the sensitivity of DM+ DBT (94%) was significantly higher than that of DM (54%), and for patients with breast density of 50% or more, the sensitivity of DM and DM+ DBT were 59% and 92% (p < .001). The sensitivity of DM+ DBT (92%) was significantly higher than that of DM alone (39%) in patients whose primary imaging feature was non‐mass (p < 0.001). Specificity was 77% for DM and 87% for DM+ DBT. The addition of DBT improved the specificity of DM in patients with high‐density breast and the sensitivity of DM to all subgroups. DBT has potential benefits for diagnosing of benign and malignant tumors, especially for young women with dense breasts.
Exploring the pH dependence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 complete fusion domain and the role of its unique structural features
Authors: Birtles Daniel , Oh Anna E. , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 may enter target cells through the process of membrane fusion at either the plasma (~pH 7.4–7.0) or endosomal (~pH 6.5–5.0) membrane in order to deliver its genetic information. The fusion domain (FD) of the spike glycoprotein is responsible for initiating fusion and is thus integral to the viral life cycle. The FD of SARS‐CoV‐2 is unique in that it consists of two structurally distinctive regions referred to as the fusion peptide (FP) and the fusion loop (FL); yet the molecular mechanisms behind how this FD perturbs the membrane to initiate fusion remains unclear. In this study via solution NMR, we witnessed only a slight conformational change in the FD between pH 7.4 and pH 5.0, resulting in a minor elongation of helix 1. However, we found that the FD's ability to mediate membrane fusion has a large and significant pH dependence, with fusion events being more readily induced at low pH. Interestingly, a biphasic relationship between the environmental pH and fusogenicity was discovered, suggesting a preference for the FD to initiate fusion at the late endosomal membrane. Furthermore, the conserved disulfide bond and hydrophobic motif “LLF” were found to be critical for the function of the complete FD, with minimal activity witnessed when either was perturbed. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the SARS‐CoV‐2 FD preferably initiates fusion at a pH similar to the late endosome through a mechanism that heavily relies on the internal disulfide bond of the FL and hydrophobic LLF motif within the FP.
Synthesis, insecticidal activity, and mode of action of novel imidazopyridine mesoionic derivatives containing an amido group
Authors: Liu Zhengjun , Song Runjiang , Zhang Desheng , Wu Rong , Liu Ting , Wu Zhengxue , Zhang Jian , Hu Deyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn our previous work, we applied a new synthetic strategy to design and synthesize a series of imidazopyridine mesoionic derivatives with an ester group. The newly synthesized compounds had excellent insecticidal activity against aphids; however, insecticidal activity against planthoppers was less than satisfactory. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel imidazopyridine mesoionic compounds, containing an amido group, and these compounds were found to have improved insecticidal activity against planthoppers.RESULTSThe bioassay results demonstrated that most of the target compounds had moderate‐to‐good insecticidal activity against Sogatella furcifera, and some exhibited good‐to‐excellent insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora. Among them, compound C6 had the highest insecticidal activity against S. furcifera and A. craccivora, with LC50 values of 10.5 and 2.09 μg mL−1, respectively. Proteomic results suggested that the differentially expressed proteins mainly were enriched in the nervous system‐related pathways after compound C6 treatment. Enzymatic assay results showed that compound C6 and triflumezopyrim had a certain inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. Molecular docking and real‐time quantitative PCR results indicated that compound C6 not only may act on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but also may interact with the α4 and β1 subunits of this receptor.CONCLUSIONThe results reported here contribute to the development of new mesoionic insecticides and further our understanding of the mode‐of‐action of imidazopyridine mesoionic derivatives. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Variation in the toxicity of a novel meta‐diamide insecticide, broflanilide, among thrips pest species and developmental stages
Authors: Chen Jin‐Cui , Cao Li‐Jun , Sun Li‐Na , Gao Yong‐Fu , Cao Hua‐Qian , Ma Zhong‐Zheng , Ma Li‐Jun , Shen Xiu‐Jing , Wang Jia‐Xu , Gong Ya‐Jun , Hoffmann Anthony Ary , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThrips pests cause increasing damage to crops around the world. Widespread usage of some insecticides against thrips has now led to the evolution of resistance to several active ingredients, and new insecticides are required. This study examined the toxicity of the novel insecticide broflanilide to multiple populations of several thrips pests.ResultsBioassays showed that thrips populations had LC50 values ranging from 0.5 to almost 300 mg·L−1. A population of Frankliniella occidentalis had the highest LC50 value at 290.63 mg·L−1, while a population of Echinothrips americanus had the lowest LC50 value at 0.51 mg L−1. LC50 values among seven populations of Thrips palmi ranged from 2.5689 to 23.6754 mg·L−1, indicating intraspecific variation in toxicity. In this species, the toxicity of broflanilide was relatively higher in adults than in larvae. More than 90% of eggs of T. palmi could not develop into larvae when treated with 5–50 mg L−1 broflanilide. Compared to five commonly used insecticides, broflanilide showed relatively high toxicity to T. palmi. Field control tests with T. palmi showed that control efficacy (from 90.44% to 93.14%) was maintained from day three to day 14 after treatment with 22.5 and 45 ga.i hm−1 broflanilide.ConclusionBroflanilide is potentially a useful insecticide for controlling Thrips hawaiiensis, Frankliniella intonsa, Megalurothrips usitatus. E. americanus, and some populations of T. palmi. However, the variation in toxicity of this insecticide to different species, populations, and developmental stages indicates that target species and life stages may need to be carefully considered. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Convenient Preparation of 2,4‐Dithiapentane, Dimethyl Disulfide, and the Corresponding Deuterated Products from DMSO or [2H6]‐DMSO/(COCl)2
Authors: Xi Zeyu , Wang Hao , Liu Yuanjian , Wang Yutong , Liang Sen , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo , Tian Hongyu , Li Ning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt has been found that 2,4‐dithiapentane and dimethyl disulfide are readily prepared in useful yields from DMSO/(COCl)2 under different conditions. The reaction mixture of DMSO/(COCl)2 was treated with 1 equivalent of Et3N and 15 equivalents of H2O to afford 2,4‐dithiapentane, whereas dimethyl disulfide was obtained by the treatment DMSO/(COCl)2 with 10 equivalents of H2O without Et3N. The corresponding deuterated products, [2H8]‐2,4‐dithiapentane, [2H6]‐dimethyl disulfide, and [2H6]‐methyl methanethiosulfonate were also prepared from the reactions of [2H6]‐DMSO with (COCl)2.
Immobilization of PdCl2 on a Natural Asphalt Sulfonic Acid Network for C−N and C−O bonds Formation
Authors: Kohzadi Homa , Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, a new and efficient nanocatalyst was synthesized and introduced and its catalytic activity was investigated in the C−N and C−O coupling reactions for synthesis of amines, ethers, aniline and phenol derivatives. This nanocatalyst was synthesized by trapping Palladium (II) in mesoporous holes of natural asphalt sulfonic acid and, then, immobilized via complexion with −SO3H branches of support. Natural asphalt/ Gilsonite which is a mineral heavy hydrocarbon, containing higher percentage of carbon, attracts much more attention because of its novelty, availability, green chemistry and low cost.
Dehydrogenative Esterification and Dehydrative Etherification by Coupling of Primary Alcohols Based on Catalytic Function Switching of an Iridium Complex
Authors: Onoda Mitsuki , Fujita Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEsters and ethers are widely used in modern organic synthesis. In recent years, the synthesis of esters by the dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols has been reported to be an environmentally benign process. In this situations, if a single catalyst can be used for the synthesis of either esters or ethers by making slight alterations to the reaction conditions, the value of the synthetic methodology would increase. In this study, we successfully developed a new catalytic function switching system: not only dehydrogenative esterification but also dehydrative etherification under environmentally friendly conditions were accomplished by the employment of a single iridium catalyst based on catalytic function switching. Using benzyl alcohol as a starting material, the esterification product, benzyl benzoate, and the etherification product, dibenzyl ether, were obtained in 92 % and 89 % yields, respectively, by employing same iridium catalyst precursor bearing a dihydroxybipyridine ligand, under optimized conditions.
Progress in Selective Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to DHMF and DMF
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lv Xuechuan , Zhang Xiaofan , Huo Sihan , Song Hanlin , Guan Yining , Gao Xiaohan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiomass is viewed as an important renewable carbon source, in which 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) plays an important role as platform compound. 2, 5‐dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) and 2, 5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) could be obtained by the hydrogenation of HMF under certain conditions. The DHMF and DMF are chemicals of high added value with wide application.The catalysts played a key role in the conversion of HMF to DHMF and DMF. This review paid attentions on the hydrogenation of HMF to DHMF and the hydrogenolysis of HMF to DMF via kinds of catalytic systems. The recent progress were summarized according to catalytic system, including noble metal catalysts and non‐noble metal catalysts and a perspective on the transformation was given based on the recent progress.
A Bienzymatic Cascade for the Complete Hydrolysis of Phthalic Acid Esters
Authors: Yang Liu , Ma Yunjian , Chen Yebao , Hollmann Frank , Wang Yonghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plastic additives to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics. Constantly leaching out from plastics, PAEs are ubiquitously found in the environment. As PAEs exhibit biological activities such as being endocrine disruptive, the quest for efficient degradation strategies continues. Here, we report a bienzymatic degradation system for PAEs to phthalic acid (PA) using a cascade comprising two hydrolases, EstJ6 and P8219. The reaction conditions were optimized with respect to concentrations of both enzymes, temperature, and initial pH. Finally, the substrate scope of the new cascade was investigated, revealing that particularly PAEs with relatively small alcohols were degraded to more than 90 %. This present study provides a potential doable biocatalytic strategy for the complete hydrolysis of PAEs.
One‐step Electrodeposition Synthesis of Ni(OH)2/PANI/rGO for High‐performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhong Weixu , Zou Chengjun , Wang Yiming , Wang Chunxiang , Li Zhifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA facile and environmentally friendly one‐step electrodeposition method is developed to prepare Ni(OH)2/PANI/rGO (NPG) composites. The structure and morphology characterization of NPG composites reveal that Ni(OH)2 and PANI grow uniformly on the rGO layers surface, which makes the composites have large specific surface area (118.3 m2 g−1) and better electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance value of NPG composites reaches to 2320 F g−1 and 1746 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1 and 20 A g−1, respectively, indicating that NPG ternary composites has excellent rate performance. Moreover, cycle stability, another very important performance indicator of supercapacitors, is also further investigated. When the NPG composites is charged and discharged after 2000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, the capacitance retention remains 84.39 %. Furthermore, the NPG||activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 96.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 465.6 W kg−1. All the electrochemical properties demonstrate that NPG composites have great potential applications in electrode materials of supercapacitors.
A Novel Co‐based MOF as an Efficient Multifunctional Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Determination of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− in Aqueous Phase
Authors: Shao Juanjuan , Ni Jianling , Chen Weimin , Liu Penglai , Liang Yu , Li Guangjun , Wen Lili , Wang Fangming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel Co‐based metal‐organic framework, namely [Co3(BTA)2(5‐tbuip)2]n (LMOF‐1) (BTA=1H‐Benzotriazole, 5‐tbuip=5‐tert‐Butylisophthalic Acid), was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method using rigid benzotriazole as the main ligand and chromophore. The choice of ligands avoids the creation of interpenetrating structures in the structure and is demonstrated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. LMOF‐1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, P4/n space group. LMOF‐1 is linked by BTA to form a one‐dimensional(1D) chain of metal clusters, which is then linked by 5‐tbuip to form a three‐dimensional(3D) network structure. The detection ability of LMOF‐1 for metal ions in water was evaluated. It is worth noting that LMOF‐1 has high selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+ and Cr2O72−, and it has a lower detection limit of 2.18×10<M‐>6M, 1.86× 10<M‐>6M, respectively. The results show that LMOF‐1 is a promising chemical sensor for the detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− in aqueous solution.
Understanding the Kinetics and Topological Events Within the Thione‐to‐Thiol Rearrangement of Xanthates
Authors: Karimi Fereshteh S. , Seif Ahmad , Zahedi Ehsan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe heating of O‐furfuryl S‐methyl xanthate in p‐xylene solvent that is known from the literature to yield in parallel S‐furfuryl S‐methyl dithiocarbonate and furfuryl methyl sulfide via the thione‐to‐thiol rearrangement and carbon oxysulfide extrusion, respectively, have been studied theoretically. The CBS‐QB3 energies in conjugation with the solvation model density and B3LYP/6‐311G(2d,d,p) monodeterminantal wave functions have been used to investigate the kinetics of the parallel reaction by means of canonical transition state theory and molecular mechanism of the thione‐to‐thiol rearrangement by means of topological approaches. According to the supplied kinetic data the considered reactions are assisted strongly by the solvent molecules implying implicit solvent model cannot account properly the effect of solvent media. The cross topological analysis of the thione‐to‐thiol rearrangement via [1,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement revealed that the electron density flow along the reaction is not concerted and the sequence of catastrophes can be summarized as 4‐EF†C‐0. In simple chemical term, chemical events through the reaction are heterolytic breaking of C−O bond, formation of pseudoradical center on the C atom, and creation of a new chemical C−S bond via the C‐to‐S coupling of pseudoradical centers, respectively.