bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-scale feature extraction fusion model for human activity recognition
Authors: Zhang Chuanlin , Cao Kai , Lu Limeng , Deng Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman Activity Recognition (HAR) is an important research area in human–computer interaction and pervasive computing. In recent years, many deep learning (DL) methods have been widely used for HAR, and due to their powerful automatic feature extraction capabilities, they achieve better recognition performance than traditional methods and are applicable to more general scenarios. However, the problem is that DL methods increase the computational cost of the system and take up more system resources while achieving higher recognition accuracy, which is more challenging for its operation in small memory terminal devices such as smartphones. So, we need to reduce the model size as much as possible while taking into account the recognition accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a multi-scale feature extraction fusion model combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The model uses different convolutional kernel sizes combined with GRU to accomplish the automatic extraction of different local features and long-term dependencies of the original data to obtain a richer feature representation. In addition, the proposed model uses separable convolution instead of classical convolution to meet the requirement of reducing model parameters while improving recognition accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed model is 97.18%, 96.71%, and 96.28% on the WISDM, UCI-HAR, and PAMAP2 datasets respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model not only obtains higher recognition accuracy but also costs lower computational resources compared with other methods.
Microbiota dysbiosis in odontogenic rhinosinusitis and its association with anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Lu Yen-Ting , Wang Shao-Hung , Liou Ming-Li , Lee Cheng-Yang , Li Yu-Xuan , Lu Ying-Chou , Hsin Chung-Han , Yang Shun-Fa , Chen Yih-Yuan , Chang Tzu-Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOdontogenic rhinosinusitis is a subtype of rhinosinusitis associated with dental infection or dental procedures and has special bacteriologic features. Previous research on the bacteriologic features of odontogenic rhinosinusitis has mainly used culture-dependent methods. The variation of microbiota between odontogenic and nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis as well as the interplay between the involved bacteria have not been explored. Therefore, we enrolled eight odontogenic rhinosinusitis cases and twenty nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis cases to analyze bacterial microbiota through 16S rRNA sequencing. Significant differences were revealed by the Shannon diversity index (Wilcoxon test p = 0.0003) and PERMANOVA test based on weighted UniFrac distance (Wilcoxon test p = 0.001) between odontogenic and nonodontogenic samples. Anaerobic bacteria such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella were significantly dominant in the odontogenic rhinosinusitis group. Remarkably, a correlation between different bacteria was also revealed by Pearson’s correlation. Staphylococcus was highly positively associated with Corynebacterium, whereas Fusobacterium was highly negatively correlated with Prophyromonas. According to our results, the microbiota in odontogenic rhinosinusitis, predominantly anaerobic bacteria, was significantly different from that in nonodontogenic rhinosinusitis, and the interplay between specific bacteria may a major cause of this subtype of rhinosinusitis.
Frequency stabilization of multiple lasers to a reference atomic transition of Rb
Authors: Utreja Shubham , Rathore Harish , Das Manoj , Panja Subhasis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModern atomic clocks based on the interrogation of an atomic transitions in the optical regions require multiple lasers at different wavelength for producing atomic ions, trapping and laser cooling of neutral atoms or atomic ions. In order to achieve highest efficiency for laser cooling or any other atomic transition, frequencies of each of the lasers involved need to be stabilized by mitigating its drifts or fluctuations arise due to ambient temperature variation or other kind of perturbations. The present article describes simultaneous frequency stabilization of multiple number of lasers, required for production and laser cooling of ytterbium (171Yb) ions, to a reference transition frequency of rubidium (Rb) atoms. In this technique, a diode laser operating at ~ 780 nm is frequency stabilized to one of the Doppler broadening-free absorption peak of rubidium atoms (85Rb) and then used as a reference frequency for calibrating a wavelength meter and subsequent simultaneous frequency stabilization of four lasers operating at different wavelengths.
Exome variants associated with asthma and allergy
Authors: Wjst Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mutational spectrum of asthma and allergy associated genes is not known although recent biobank based exome sequencing studies included these traits. We therefore conducted a secondary analysis of exome data from 281,104 UK Biobank samples for association of mostly rare variants with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Variants of interest (VOI) were tabulated, shared genes annotated and compared to earlier genome-wide SNP association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequencing, exome and bisulfit sequencing studies. 354 VOI were significantly associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. They cluster mainly in two large regions on chromosome 6 and 17. After exclusion of the variants associated with atopic dermatitis and redundant variants, 321 unique VOI remain in 122 unique genes. 30 genes are shared among the 87 genes with increased and the 65 genes with decreased risk for allergic disease. 85% of genes identified earlier by common GWAS SNPs are not replicated here. Most identified genes are located in interferon ɣ and IL33 signaling pathway. These genes include already known but also new pharmacological targets, including the IL33 receptor ST2/IL1RL1, as well as TLR1, ALOX15, GSDMA, BTNL2, IL13 and IKZF3. Future pharmacological studies will need to included these VOI for stratification of the study population paving the way to individualized treatment.
Constant mixing temperature test of a fin-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage
Authors: Jančík Petr , Schmirler Michal , Hyhlík Tomáš , Suchý Jakub , Sláma Pavel , Prokop Petr , Syrovátka Viktor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermal energy accumulation is one of the ways how to optimize heat production processes and how to balance the supply and demand of heat in distribution systems. This article presents a design of a fin-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), which combines high thermal energy storage density and scalability. A computational model that used lumped heat capacities was tuned using the experimental data. The numerical model proved to be simple yet precise. A new constant mixing temperature test was designed and performed with the LHTES. Unlike standard constant flow rate charge/discharge test, this test provided valuable information about what to expect in the real-life operation conditions. From the tests and data from simulations, it was concluded that the LHTES would perform better in terms of its capacity utilization if it operated at lower output power than in the laboratory circuit. This indicates that a smaller, and thus more cost-effective, LHTES could be employed in the laboratory circuit with virtually the same utility to the system if its heat transfer characteristics were improved.
Fetal death after the introduction of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Sweden, Denmark and Norway: a registry-based study
Authors: Magnus Maria C. , Oakley Laura L. , Hansen Anne V. , Örtqvist Anne K. , Petersen Tanja G. , Mortensen Laust H. , Bliddal Mette , Andersen Anne-Marie Nybo , Stephansson Olof , Håberg Siri E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the rate of fetal death has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on fetal death in Sweden (449,347 births), Denmark (290,857 pregnancies) and Norway (261,057 pregnancies) using robust population-based registry data. We used Cox regression to assess the impact of the implementation of pandemic mitigation measures on March 12th, 2020, on miscarriage (fetal loss before gestational week 22) and stillbirth (fetal loss after gestational week 22). A total of 11% of 551,914 pregnancies in Denmark and Norway ended in miscarriage, while the proportion of stillbirths among 937,174 births across the three countries was 0.3%. There was no difference in the risk of fetal death during the year following pandemic mitigation measures. For miscarriage, the combined hazard ratio (HR) for Norway and Denmark was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98, 1.03), and for stillbirth, the combined HR for all three countries was 0.99 (95% CI 0.89, 1.09). We observed a slightly decreased risk of miscarriage during the first 4 months, with an HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.90, 0.99) after lockdown. In conclusion, the risk of fetal death did not change after the implementation of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures in the three Scandinavian countries.
Randomized in situ evaluation of surface polishing protocols on the caries-protective effect of resin Infiltrant
Authors: Esteves-Oliveira Marcella , Passos Vanara F. , Russi Tereza M. A. Z. C. , Fernandes Argus R. R. , Terto Caroline N. N. , Mendonça Juliano S. , Campus Guglielmo , Wierichs Richard J. , Meyer-Lueckel Hendrik , Lima Juliana P. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this placebo-controlled randomized in situ study was to evaluate the effect of different surface polishing protocols on enamel roughness, bacterial adhesion and caries-protective effect of a resin infiltrant. Seventy-five bovine enamel samples having artificial caries lesions were treated with a resinous infiltrant and afterwards randomly dividided into five polishing protocols: aluminum oxide flexible disks (Al2O3-Disks), silicon carbide tips (SIC-Tips), silicon carbide brush (SIC-Brush), silicon carbide polyester strips (SIC-Strips) or no polishing [negative control (NC)]. Average surface roughness (Ra) was assessed by profilometry. Samples were mounted in palatal appliances under a mesh for biofilm accumulation. Fifteen volunteers wore the intraoral appliances (14-days) and cariogenic challenge was triggered by sucrose solutions. Biofilm formed was collected for microbiological analysis of caries-related bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and demineralization was assessed by cross-sectional microhardness. Mean Knoop hardness numbers (Kg/mm2) were plotted over lesion depth (µm) and area under the lesion curve was subtracted from sound enamel to determine demineralization (ΔS, Kg/mm2xµm). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). NC resulted in significantly higher Ra means than Al2O3-Disks and SIC-Strips. Bacterial counts were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Regards ΔS means, however none of the groups were significantly different to NC (6983.3 kg/mm2xµm /CI 4246.1–9720.5, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Polishing protocols (Al2O3-Disks, SIC-Strips) significantly decreseased roughness of infiltrated-enamel, however none of the polishing protocols could signicantly decrease bacterial counts nor resulted in significant less demineralization.
RNA-sequencing reveals molecular and regional differences in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients
Authors: Patel Caroline K. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Hodge Nathan B. , Tsikretsis Lia E. , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E. , Tétreault Marie-Pier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAchalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by the functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Histological changes have been reported in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia, suggesting its involvement in disease pathogenesis. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, our understanding of achalasia pathogenesis at the molecular level is very limited and gene expression profiling has not been performed. We performed bulk RNA-sequencing on esophageal mucosa from 14 achalasia and 8 healthy subjects. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the distal esophageal mucosa of achalasia subjects and 120 DEGs were identified in proximal esophagus. Gene expression analysis identified genes common or exclusive to proximal and distal esophagus, highlighting regional differences in the disease. Enrichment of signaling pathways related to cytokine response and viral defense were observed. Increased infiltration of CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes were seen in the mucosa of 38 achalasia patients compared to 12 controls. Novel insights into the molecular changes occurring in achalasia were generated in this transcriptomic study. Some gene changes observed in the mucosa of achalasia may be associated with esophagitis. Differences in DEGs between distal and proximal esophagus highlight the importance of better understanding regional differences in achalasia.
Determinants of undernutrition among young children in Ethiopia
Authors: Sahiledengle Biniyam , Mwanri Lillian , Petrucka Pammla , Kumie Abera , Beressa Girma , Atlaw Daniel , Tekalegn Yohannes , Zenbaba Demisu , Desta Fikreab , Teferu Zinash , Wordofa Debebe , Seyoum Kenbon , Gomora Degefa , Negash Getahun , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEthiopia is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with the highest burden of childhood undernutrition. Despite the high burden of this scourge, little is known about the magnitude and contributing determinants to anthropometric failure among children aged 0–23 months, a period regarded as the best window of opportunity for interventions against undernutrition. This study examined factors associated with undernutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight) among Ethiopian children aged 0–23 months. This study used a total weighted sample of 2146 children aged 0–23 months from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. The data were cleaned and weighted using STATA version 14.0. Height-for-age (HFA), weight-for-height (WFH), and weight-for-age (WFA) z-scores <  − 2 SD were calculated and classified as stunted, wasting, and underweight, respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusted for cluster and survey weights were used. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. The overall weighted prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight respectively were 27.21% [95% CI (25.32–29.18)], 7.80% [95% CI (6.71–9.03)], and 16.44% [95% CI (14.90–18.09)] among children aged 0–23 months in Ethiopia. Female children were less likely to be associated with stunting [AOR: 0.68, 95% CI (0.54–0.86)], wasting [AOR: 0.70, 95% CI (0.51, 0.98)], and underweight [AOR: 0.64, 95% CI (0.49, 0.83)] than their male counterparts. Conversely, older children aged 12–17 months [AOR: 2.22, 95% CI (1.52, 3.23)] and 18–23 months [AOR: 4.16, 95% CI (2.75, 6.27)] were significantly at an increased odds of becoming stunted. Similarly, the likelihood of being underweight was higher in older age groups: 6–11 months [AOR: 1.74, 95% CI (1.15, 2.63)], 12–17 months [AOR: 2.13, 95% CI (1.40, 3.24)], and 18–23 months [AOR: 4.08, 95% CI (2.58, 6.44)] compared with the children younger than 6 months. Lower wealth quintile was one of the other significant determinants of stunting and underweight. The study’s findings indicated that the most consistent significant risk factors for undernutrition among children aged 0–23 months are: male sex, older age groups and lower wealth quintile. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions that address the immediate and underlying drivers of childhood undernutrition in early life, as well as targeting low-income households with male children, in order for Ethiopia to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1,2 and 3 by 2030.
Combination of advanced nano-Fenton process and sonication for destruction of diclofenac and variables optimization using response surface method
Authors: Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Yousefi Nader , Bagheri Amin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nabizadeh Ramin , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Fekri Rana , Akbari-adergani Behrouz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiclofenac (DCF) as a non-steroidal pharmaceutical has been detected in aquatic samples more than other compounds due to its high consumption and limited biodegradability. In this study, ultrasound waves were applied along with an advanced nano-Fenton process (US/ANF) to remove DCF, and subsequently, the synergistic effect was determined. Before that, the efficiency of the US and ANF processes was separately studied. The central composite design was used as one of the most applicable responses surface method techniques to determine the main and interactive effect of the factors influencing DCF removal efficiency in US/ANF. The mean DCF removal efficiency under different operational conditions and at the time of 1–10 min was obtained to be about 4%, 83%, and 95% for the US, ANF, and US/ANF, respectively. Quadratic regression equations for two frequencies of US were developed using multiple regression analysis involving main, quadratic, and interaction effects. The optimum condition for DCF removal was obtained at time of 8.17 min, H/F of 10.5 and DCF concentration of 10.12 at 130 kHz US frequency. The synergy index values showed a slight synergistic effect for US/ANF (1.1). Although the synergistic effect of US/ANF is not very remarkable, it can be considered as a quick and efficient process for the removal of DCF from wastewater with a significant amount of mineralization.
Disruption of hippocampal neuronal circuit function depends upon behavioral state in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhou Heng , Li Hanyan , Gowravaram Niket , Quan Moqin , Kausar Naila , Gomperts Stephen N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Alzheimer’s disease-associated peptide amyloid-beta (Aβ) has been associated with neuronal hyperactivity under anesthesia, but clinical trials of anticonvulsants or neural system suppressors have, so far, failed to improve symptoms in AD. Using simultaneous hippocampal calcium imaging and electrophysiology in freely moving mice expressing human Aβ, here we show that Aβ aggregates perturbed neural systems in a state-dependent fashion, driving neuronal hyperactivity in exploratory behavior and slow wave sleep (SWS), yet suppressing activity in quiet wakefulness (QW) and REM sleep. In exploratory behavior and REM sleep, Aβ impaired hippocampal theta–gamma phase-amplitude coupling and altered neuronal synchronization with theta. In SWS, Aβ reduced cortical slow oscillation (SO) power, the coordination of hippocampal sharp wave-ripples with both the SO and thalamocortical spindles, and the coordination of calcium transients with the sharp wave-ripple. Physostigmine improved Aβ-associated hyperactivity in exploratory behavior and hypoactivity in QW and expanded the range of gamma that coupled with theta phase, but exacerbated hypoactivity in exploratory behavior. Together, these findings show that the effects of Aβ alone on hippocampal circuit function are profoundly state dependent and suggest a reformulation of therapeutic strategies aimed at Aβ induced hyperexcitability.
Crystallinity in periodic nanostructure surface on Si substrates induced by near- and mid-infrared femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Miyagawa Reina , Kamibayashi Daisuke , Nakamura Hirotaka , Hashida Masaki , Zen Heishun , Somekawa Toshihiro , Matsuoka Takeshi , Ogura Hiroyuki , Sagae Daisuke , Seto Yusuke , Shobu Takahisa , Tominaga Aki , Eryu Osamu , Ozaki Norimasa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLaser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS), which has a period smaller than the laser wavelength, is expected to become a potential technique for fine surface processing. We report the microscopic and macroscopic observations of the crystallinity of LIPSSs, where the characteristics such as defects generation and residual strain were analyzed, respectively. The LIPSSs were formed on a Si substrate using two different femtosecond pulses from Ti:Sapphire laser with near-infrared wavelength (0.8 μm) and free-electron laser (FEL) with mid-infrared wavelength (11.4 μm). The photon energies of the former and latter lasers used here are higher and lower than the Si bandgap energies, respectively. These LIPSSs exhibit different crystalline states, where LIPSS induced by Ti:Sapphire laser show residual strain while having a stable crystallinity; in contrast, FEL-LIPSS generates defects without residual strain. This multiple analysis (microscopic and macroscopic observations) provides such previously-unknown structural characteristics with high spatial resolution. To obtain LIPSS with suitable properties and characteristics based on each application it is paramount to identify the laser sources that can achieve such properties. Therefore, identifying the structural information of the LIPSS generated by each specific laser is of great importance.
Performance sensitivity analysis of brain metastasis stereotactic radiosurgery outcome prediction using MRI radiomics
Authors: DeVries David A. , Lagerwaard Frank , Zindler Jaap , Yeung Timothy Pok Chi , Rodrigues George , Hajdok George , Ward Aaron D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies have used T1w contrast-enhanced (T1w-CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features and machine learning to predict post-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) brain metastasis (BM) progression, but have not examined the effects of combining clinical and radiomic features, BM primary cancer, BM volume effects, and using multiple scanner models. To investigate these effects, a dataset of n = 123 BMs from 99 SRS patients with 12 clinical features, 107 pre-treatment T1w-CE radiomic features, and BM progression determined by follow-up MRI was used with a random decision forest model and 250 bootstrapped repetitions. Repeat experiments assessed the relative accuracy across primary cancer sites, BM volume groups, and scanner model pairings. Correction for accuracy imbalances across volume groups was investigated by removing volume-correlated features. We found that using clinical and radiomic features together produced the most accurate model with a bootstrap-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77. Accuracy also varied by primary cancer site, BM volume, and scanner model pairings. The effect of BM volume was eliminated by removing features at a volume-correlation coefficient threshold of 0.25. These results show that feature type, primary cancer, volume, and scanner model are all critical factors in the accuracy of radiomics-based prognostic models for BM SRS that must be characterised and controlled for before clinical translation.