bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Dynamics of Synanthropic Rodents After a Chemical and Infrastructural Intervention in an Urban Low-income Community
Authors: Awoniyi Adedayo Michael , Venegas-Vargas Cristina , Souza Fabio Neves , Zeppelini Caio Graco , Hacker Kathryn P. , Pereira Ticiana Carvalho , Marins Catarina Lobo , de Santana Mayara Carvalho , Pertile Arsinoê Cristina , Begon Mike , Ko Albert I. , Diggle Peter , Reis Mitermayer Galvão dos , Childs James E. , Silva Eduardo Mendes da , Costa Federico , Khalil Hussein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Synanthropic rodents are ubiquitous in low-income communities and pose risks for human health, as they are generally resistant to control programs. However, few or no studies have evaluated the long-term effect of chemical and infrastructural interventions on rodent population dynamics, especially in urban low-income communities, or evaluated the potential recovery of their population following interventions. We conducted a longitudinal study in a low-income community in the city of Salvador (BA, Brazil) to characterize the effect of interventions (chemical and infrastructural) on the dynamics of rodent population, and documented the post-intervention recovery of their population. We evaluated the degree of rodent infestation in 117 households/sampling points over three years (2014 – 2017), using tracking plates, a proxy for rodent abundance/activity. We reported a significant lower rodent activity/abundance after the chemical and infrastructural interventions (Z=-4.691 (p<0.001)), with track plate positivity decreasing to 28% from 70% after and before interventions respectively. Therefore, the combination of chemical and infrastructural interventions significantly decreased the degree of rodent infestation in the study area. In addition, no rodent population rebound was recorded until almost a year post-intervention, and the post-intervention infestation level did not attain the pre-intervention level all through the study. Moreover, among pre-treatment conditions, access to sewer rather than the availability of food was the variable most closely associated with household rodent infestation. Our study indicates that Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-approaches are more effective in reducing rodent infestation than the use of a single method. Our findings will be useful in providing guidance for long-term rodent control programs, especially in urban low-income communities.
Fifty-Year Change in Air Pollution in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chiu-Hsuan , Brimblecombe Peter , Lee Chon-Lin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations require enforcement of emission reduction, but it is often a shifting economic and societal structures that influence pollutant emissions. This study examines the long-term record of air pollutants in Kaohsiung, where post-war industrialisation increased pollution dramatically, although improvements are observed in recent decades as the city moved to a more mixed economy. The study tracks both gases and particles across a period of significant change in pollution sources in the city. Concentrations of SO2 and aerosol SO42- were especially high ~1970, but these gradually declined, although the SO42- to a lesser extent than its precursor, SO2. While 21st century emissions of SO2 and NOx have declined, this has been less so for NH3, because it arises from predominantly agricultural sources. The atmosphere in Kaohsiung continues to have high concentrations of O3, and these have risen in the city, likely a product of less titration by NO. The changes have meant that ozone has become an increasing threat to health and agriculture. Despite a potential for the production of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 aerosols, a product of a relatively constant supply of NH3, visibility has improved in recent years. The emissions of SO2 and NOx should continue to be reduced, as these strongly affect the amount of fine secondary aerosol. However, the key problem may be ozone, which is difficult to control as it needs careful consideration of the balance of NOx and hydrocarbons so important to its production.
RETRACTED: Increased global heavy fire emission by Madden-Julian Oscillation
Authors: Yang Young-Min , Lee Doo Young , Park Jae-Heung , Lee June-Yi , An Soon-Il , Moon Ja-Yeon , Yoon Kyung-Sook , Li Tim , Wang Bin , Cho Jeong-A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Development and Optimization of a Simple and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Virginiamycin M1 Antibiotic in Aqueous Media by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hernández-Chávez Juan Francisco , Robles-Castro Jesús Fernando , Diaz-Quiroz Carlos Abraham , Ulloa-Mercado Gabriela , Molina-Barrios Ramón , Gortáres-Moroyoqui Pablo , Vega-Millán Christian Beatriz , Rentería-Mexía Ana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Virginiamycin antibiotic is used in Mexico for animal growth promotion, but has been banned in Europe due to risk of resistance development. Giving that monitoring of antibiotics is critical, the objective of this work was to develop an analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis and liquid-liquid extraction, to quantify virginiamycin antibiotic in livestock wastes. Linearity, precision, bias and extraction parameters were evaluated following ISO/IEC 17025 procedures. Method and extraction validation was satisfactorily, with average values of absolute recovery AR = 86%, extraction efficiency EE = 87%, and matrix effects ME = -14%, RSD <15 for concentrations as low as 50 µg/L.
Prevalence of Ocular, Adnexal and Orbital Trauma at Three Areas in Different Tertiary Care Centers in Karachi.
Authors: Qidwai Nazia , Hayat Nausheen , Alkhairy Saba , Mahmood Tauseef , Ashraf Muhammad , Cheema. Alyscia , ul-Hassan Mazhar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose:To assess the prevalence of ocular, adnexal and orbital trauma resulting from various inciting agents presenting at three large centers located in different areas of Karachi, Pakistan.Method:Patients with ocular trauma were recruited at three centers over three months. Proforma was filled for every patient, and the inciting agents and prevalence of the different types of ocular damage were identified. Trauma scoring was performed according to the Ocular Trauma Score.Results:A total of 343 patients with trauma presenting at different tertiary centers, including Dow International Medical College (DIMC) 38 (11%), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) 150 (44%) and Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital/Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology (IPIO) 155 (45%), were included. Commonest causes at IPIO were vegetative trauma, road traffic accidents at JPMC and metallic foreign bodies at DIMC (Table 5). Most of the patients fell at grade 5 of the Ocular Trauma Score. Patients with lid, conjunctival, paracentral corneal or lenticular damage retained V/A > 6/18 after medical and/or surgical treatment. However, it remained < 6/60 in those with central corneal, vitreal or retinal damage.Conclusion:This study showed that different inciting agents topped at the three centers with respect to their location, surrounding workplaces and dealing with medicolegal cases.
Non-HDL-C is associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in Chinese populations with diabetes
Authors: Tang Yixin , Chen Chen , Su Hua , Tang Zhenwang , Yue Jianbo , Luo Xiaotian , Liu Changhui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-HDL-C has been associated with the prognosis and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction, but the association between non-HDL-C and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in the Chinese population remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether non-HDL-C is related to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in the Chinese, and to further explore its relationship with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in subjects with diabetes.Methods and Results: We reviewed the medical records of patients who visited the Department of Cardiology at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China from May 1, 2012 to September 30, 2020. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6558 subjects were included in the non-AMI group and 3386 subjects were included in the AMI group. In the entire population, non-HDL-C was associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, regardless of adjustment for confounding factors. In non-diabetic patients, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C was found to be associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. In subjects with diabetes, non-HDL-C was associated with AMI without adjusting for confounding factors (Model 1) (OR: 1.268, 95%CI 1.035-1.547, P=0.022), and LDL-C was not associated with AMI (OR: 1.129, 95%CI 0.904 -- 1.411, P=0.286), HDL-C was negatively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 0.577, 95%CI 0.418 -- 0.796, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex (Model 2), non-HDL-C was positively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.371, 95%CI 1.103-1.704, P=0.004), while the correlation between HDL-C and LDL-C and acute myocardial infarction was not observed. After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension/smoking, and BMI (Model 3), non-HDL-C was positively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.381, 95%CI 1.103-1.728, P=0.005), and no correlation was observed between HDL-C and LDL-C and acute myocardial infarction.Conclusions：In subjects with diabetes, after adjusting for confounders associated with coronary heart disease, non-HDL-C was found to be associated with AMI, whereas HDL-C and LDL-C were not associated with AMI. In addition, non-HDL-C can also be found to be related to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes.
Impact of Cotadutide Drug on Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Mahmoud M , Hafez Ahmed , Abdelgalil Mahmoud Shaban , Hasan Mohammed Tarek , El-Ghannam Mohammed Magdy , Ghogar Osama M , Elrashedy Asmaa Ahmed , Abd-ElGawad Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The food and drug administration approved many drugs to treat diabetes mellitus, but those drugs do not have a noticeable effect on weight management. Recently, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist known as Cotadutide was estimated to serve as a potent drug in treating type 2 diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels and body weight indices. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of Cotadutide as a treatment for type 2 diabetes individuals.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was done on different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to capture all relevant articles using an established search strategy. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials that assessed the safety and efficacy of Cotadutide versus placebo or any anti-diabetes drugs in obese and overweight people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data analysis was accomplished using Revman 5.4 software.Results: We found 663 relevant articles. From which nine studies were included and subjected to qualitative analysis and eight for quantitative analysis. The pooled effect showed that Cotadutide was better than placebo in reducing body weight (Mean difference (MD) = 3.31, p > 0.00001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) (MD = -0.68, p > 0.00001), glucose area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC [0-4h]) (MD = 30.15, p > 0.00001), and fasting plasma glucose over time (mg/dl) (MD = 31.31, p > 0.00001).Conclusion: Cotadutide is safe and effective in reducing blood glucose levels and body weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Study protocol registration: The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD: CRD42021257670).
Pancreatic juice outflow in pancreatojejunostomy monitoring with the inter-anastomosis drainage tube; a retrospective observational study
Authors: Shimomura Osamu , Oda Tatsuya , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Furuya Kinji , Doi Manami , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Kim Jaejeong , Moue Shoko , Owada Yohei , Ogawa Koichi , Ohara Yusuke , Akashi Yoshimasa , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Hashimoto Shinji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Pancreatic fistula remains the biggest problem in pancreatic surgery. We have previously reported a new pancreatojejunostomy method using an inter-anastomosis drainage suction tube (IAD) with Blumgart anastomosis for drainage of the pancreatic juice leaking from the branched pancreatic ducts. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our novel method, in pancreatojejunostomy and investigate the nature of the inter-anastomosis space between jejunal wall and pancreas parenchyma.Methods:This retrospectively study consist of 282 pancreatoduodenectomy cases, including 86 reconstructions via the Blumgart method plus IAD (B+IAD group) and 196 cases reconstructed using the Blumgart method alone (B group). Post-operative outcomes and the amylase value and the volume of the drainage fluids were compared between the two groups. The IAD tube was placed to collect amylase-rich fluid from the inter-anastomosis space during operative procedure between the jejunal wall and pancreatic stump.Results:The daily IAD drainage volume and the amylase level was significantly higher in patients with a soft pancreas (vs hard pancreas; 16.5 vs 10.0 mL/day, p=0.012; 90,900 vs 1,634 IU/L, p<0.001, respectively). The mean amylase value of IAD collection in 86 cases of B+IAD group was 63,100 IU/L. The incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula grade B and C (23.2% vs. 23.0%, p= 0.55) and the hospital stay was similar between the groups (median 17 vs. 18 days, p= 0.55). In 176 patients with soft pancreas, the incidence of pancreatic fistula grade B and C (33.3% vs. 35.3%, p= 0.67) and the hospital stay was also similar between the groups (median 22.5 vs. 21 days, p= 0.81).Conclusions:Positive effect of the IAD method observed in the pilot cases was not reproduced in the current study. IAD tube objectively demonstrated the existence of amylase rich discharge at the anastomosis site, and countermeasures to eliminate this liquid are highly desired for preventing pancreatic fistula, especially in patients with soft pancreatic texture.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
Prognostic implications of hemophagocytic syndrome in CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Bai Xue , Xu Linwei , Chen Yeshan , Lin Shaoze , Xing Xueyang , Su Yongzhong , Tao Hongfang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Materials and methods
We retrospectively investigated 17 CD5+ DLBCL and 85 CD5− DLBCL patients to compare their clinicopathologic features and prognosis under R-CHOP chemotherapy, then evaluate impact of HPS on the survival of whole DLBCL and CD5+ DLBCL subgroup.
Results
The CD5+ DLBCL cohort had advanced stage, frequent bone marrow involvement, HPS event and high central nervous system International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI). With a median follow-up of 23.6 months (range, 0.03-155.8months), the estimated 2-year OS of CD5+ group and CD5− group were 57.8% (95%CI=33.9%-81.7%) and 72% (95%CI=58.7%-85.3%), respectively (p<0.05). The multivariate analysis of 102 cases of DLBCL demonstrated that the HPS event was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR=15.11, 95%CI=0.97-235.05, p=0.05). Within CD5+ DLBCL cohort, patients with HPS had a significant shorter PFS and OS than HPS-free group (median PFS, 0.43months VS 5.98 months, p<0.05; median OS, 0.69 months and not reached, respectively, p<0.05).
Conclusion
Our data identifies that CD5 is an unfavourable prognostic predictor of DLBCL, and HPS related to worse survival of CD5+ DLBCL patients.
De novo transcriptome analysis of Justicia adhatoda reveals candidate genes involved in major biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Padmanabhan Deepthi , Lateef Adil , Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Natarajan Purushothaman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundJusticia adhatoda is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the Indian system of medicine and the absence of molecular-level studies on this plant hinders its wide use, hence the study was aimed to analyse the genes involved in various pathways.Methods and ResultsThe RNA isolated was subjected to Illumina sequencing. De novo assembly was performed using TRINITY software which produced 171.064 transcripts with 55,528 genes and N50 value of 2065bp, followed by annotation of unigenes against NCBI, KEGG and Gene Ontology with 105572 annotated unigenes and 40288 non-annotated unigenes. A total of 5980 unigenes were annotated to 144 biochemical pathways, including the metabolism and biosynthesis pathways. The pathway analysis revealed the major transcripts involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis with TPM values of 6.0903, 33.6854, 11.527, 1.6959, and 8.1662 for Anthranilate synthase alpha, Anthranilate synthase beta, Arogenate/Prephenate dehydratase, Chorismate synthase and Chorismate mutase, respectively. The qRT-PCR validation of the key enzymes showed up-regulation in mid mature leaf when compared to root and young leaf tissue. A total of 16,154 SSRs were identified from the leaf transcriptome of J. adhatoda,which could be helpful in molecular breeding.ConclusionThe study aimed at identifying uni-transcripts involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway for its medicinal properties, as it acts as a precursor to the acridone alkaloid biosynthesis with major key enzymes and their validation. This is the first study that reports transcriptome assembly and annotation of the J. adhatoda plant.
Structure, functions, Performance and Gaps of Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) in Sudan, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Review
Authors: Malik Elfatih Mohamed , Abdullah Ahmad Izzoddeen , Mohammed Sabir Ali , Bashir Abdelgadir Ali , Ibrahim Rayyan , Abdalla Abdalla Mohammed , Osman Muntasir Mohamed , Mahmoud Tahani Amin , Alkhidir Mohamed Abdalhafiz , Elgorashi Suleiman Gamal , Elzain Muaaza Abasher , Mohamed Omer Elbadri , Ismaiel Ismaiel Mohamed , Fadelmula Hatim Fadelalsyeed , Magboul Babiker Ahmed Ali , Habibi Muzhgan , Sadek Mahmoud , Aboushady Ahmed , Lane Chris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Event-based surveillance (EBS) is an essential component of Early Warning Alert and Response (EWAR) as per the International Health Regulations (IHR), 2005. EBS was established in Sudan in 2016 as a complementary system for Indicator-based surveillance (IBS). This review will provide an overview of the current EBS structure, functions and performance in Sudan and identify the gaps and ways forward.
Methods

The review followed the WHO/EMRO guidelines and tools. Structured discussions, observation and review of records and guidelines were done at national and state levels. Community volunteers were interviewed through phone calls. Directors of Health Emergency and Epidemic Control, surveillance officers and focal persons for EBS at the state level were also interviewed. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, and the qualitative data were analysed using a thematic analysis, paying particular attention to the health system level allowing for an exploration of how and why experiences differ across levels. Written and verbal consents were obtained from all participants as appropriate.
Results

Sudan has a functioning EBS; however, there is an underestimation of its contribution and importance at the national and states levels. The link between the national level and states is ad hoc or is driven by the need for reports. While community event-based surveillance (CEBS) is functioning, EBS from health facilities and from non-health sectors is not currently active. The integration of EBS into overall surveillance was not addressed, and the pathway from detection to action is not clear. The use of electronic databases and platforms is generally limited. Factors that would improve performance include training, the presence of a trained focal person at state level, and regular follow-up from the national level. Factors such as staff turnover, income in relation to expenses and not having a high training degree (Diploma or MSc) were noticed as inhibiting factors.
Conclusion

The review recommended revisiting the surveillance structure at national and state levels to put EBS as an essential component and to update guidelines and standard operation procedures SOPs to foster the integration between EBS components and the overall surveillance system. The need for strengthening the link with states, capacity building and re-addressing the training modalities was highlighted.
Quiescence and Self-Renewal of Stem Cells ¬require a Type 2-Deiodinase mediated cell-autonomous surge in intra-cellular Thyroid Hormone signalling
Authors: De Stefano Maria , Ambrosio Raffaele , Luongo Cristina , Porcelli Tommaso , Mancino Giuseppina , Visconte Feliciano , Girolamo Daniela Di , Cicco Emery Di , Miro Caterina , Missero Caterina , Dentice Monica , Salvatore Domenico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Stem cells are critical for the regeneration and homeostasis of adult tissues. Thyroid hormone (TH), whose intracellular concentration is increased by Type 2 deiodinases (D2), is implicated in multiple cell functions. While reduced TH levels play a role in muscle stem cell activation, nothing in known about the role of TH in quiescence. Here we show that D2 is specifically expressed and marks quiescent stem cells in muscle and skin and increases intracellular TH. Acute D2-depletion in quiescent muscle stem cells triggers their spontaneous transition from G0 into a GAlert state. Upon muscle injury, D2-depletion increases the proliferative potential of activated precursor cells but impairs self-renewal of progenitors returning to quiescence. Genetic D2-depletion leads, in the long run or upon multiple injuries, to depletion of the stem cell pool and regenerative failure. Mechanistically, D2-produced TH sustains Notch signalling by directly promoting the expression of Notch receptors and their canonical target genes. In normal and pathological settings, transient drug-induced D2 blocking accelerates muscle regeneration and skin wound healing. In conclusion, a D2-induced increased in intracellular TH concentration is critical in maintaining stem cell quiescence and in regulating self-renewal. In this context, tissue-specific manipulation of TH may be an innovative therapeutic tool in the field of regenerative medicine.