bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children With COVID-19
Authors: Han Mi Seon , Um Jihye , Lee Eun Joo , Kim Kyung Min , Chang Sung Hee , Lee Hyunju , Kim Ye Kyung , Choi Youn Young , Cho Eun Young , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Jae Hong , Lee Jina , Kim Misuk , Chung Ki-Hyun , Min Hye Sook , Choe Young June , Lim Dong-Gyun , Park Jun-Sun , Choi Eun Hwa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The immunologic features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not clearly delineated. This study was conducted to evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in children with COVID-19.

Methods
The levels of anti-spike (S) IgG, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) were measured during various time points in children &lt;19 years of age with COVID-19 in South Korea from February 2020 to September 2020.

Results
One hundred sixty-five blood samples from 114 children with COVID-19 (43.9% asymptomatic and 56.1% mildly symptomatic) were analyzed. In both asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic children, the positive rates of anti-S IgG, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and NAb were low within 7 days after onset, but they soon reached 100% 14 to &lt;28 days after onset. In symptomatic children, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of antibodies were all below the positive cutoff during the first 2 weeks from onset and peaked at 28 to &lt;56 days (5.6 for anti-S IgG, 383.6 for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and 55.0 for NAb, P &lt; .001, respectively). Antibody levels remained detectable up to 3 months after infection. The antibody GMTs during the period 14 to &lt;56 days after symptom onset were highest in children aged 0-4 years.

Conclusions
These results collectively present the humoral immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. A further longitudinal study is needed to thoroughly understand the immune system and for effective vaccine development in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ScGAIL, a sugarcane N-terminal truncated DELLA-like protein, participates in gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chai Zhe , Fang Jinlan , Yao Wei , Zhao Yang , Cheng Guangyuan , Akbar Sehrish , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Chen Baoshan , Zhang Muqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) is crucial for internode elongation in sugarcane. DELLA proteins are critical negative regulators of the GA signaling pathway. ScGAI encodes a DELLA protein that was previously implicated in the regulation of sugarcane culm development. Here, we characterized ScGAI-like (ScGAIL) in sugarcane, which lacked the N-terminal region but was otherwise homologous to ScGAI. ScGAIL differed from ScGAI in its chromosomal location, expression patterns, and cellular localization. Although transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ScGAIL were insensitive to GAs, GA synthesis was affected in these plants, suggesting that ScGAIL disrupted the GA signaling pathway. After GA treatment, the expression patterns of GA-associated genes differed between ScGAIL-overexpressing and wild-type Arabidopsis, and the degradation of AtDELLA proteins in transgenic lines was significantly inhibited compared with wild-type lines. A sugarcane GID1 gene (ScGID1) encoding a putative GA receptor was isolated and interacted with ScGAIL in a GA-independent manner. Five ScGAIL-interacting proteins were verified by yeast two-hybrid assays, and only one interacted with ScGAI. Therefore, ScGAIL may inhibit plant growth by modulating the GA signaling pathway.
Assessment of Virological Contributions to COVID-19 Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Simons Lacy M , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon , Gibson Meg , Kinch Sarah L , Vandervaart Jacob P , Reiser Nina L , Eren Mesut , Lux Elizabeth , McNally Elizabeth M , Tambur Anat R , Vaughan Douglas E , Bachta Kelly E R , Demonbreun Alexis R , Satchell Karla J F , Achenbach Chad J , Ozer Egon A , Ison Michael G , Hultquist Judd F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
While several demographic and clinical correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome have been identified, their relationship to virological and immunological parameters remains poorly defined.

Methods
To address this, we performed longitudinal collection of nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples from a cohort of 58 hospitalized adults with COVID-19. Samples were assessed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load, viral genotype, viral diversity, and antibody titer. Demographic and clinical information, including patient blood tests and several composite measures of disease severity, was extracted from electronic health records.

Results
Several factors, including male sex, higher age, higher body mass index, higher 4C Mortality score, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, were associated with intensive care unit admission. Of all measured parameters, only the retrospectively calculated median Deterioration Index score was significantly associated with death. While quantitative polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold (Ct) values and genotype of SARS-CoV-2 were not significantly associated with outcome, Ct value did correlate positively with C-reactive protein levels and negatively with D-dimer, lymphocyte count, and antibody titer. Intrahost viral genetic diversity remained constant through the disease course and resulted in changes in viral genotype in some participants.

Conclusions
Ultimately, these results suggest that worse outcomes are driven by immune dysfunction rather than by viral load and that SARS-CoV-2 evolution in hospital settings is relatively constant over time.
Coinfections in Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Study
Authors: Satyanarayana Gowri , Enriquez Kyle T , Sun Tianyi , Klein Elizabeth J , Abidi Maheen , Advani Shailesh M , Awosika Joy , Bakouny Ziad , Bashir Babar , Berg Stephanie , Bernardes Marilia , Egan Pamela C , Elkrief Arielle , Feldman Lawrence E , Friese Christopher R , Goel Shipra , Gomez Cyndi Gonzalez , Grant Keith L , Griffiths Elizabeth A , Gulati Shuchi , Gupta Shilpa , Hwang Clara , Jain Jayanshu , Jani Chinmay , Kaltsas Anna , Kasi Anup , Khan Hina , Knox Natalie , Koshkin Vadim S , Kwon Daniel H , Labaki Chris , Lyman Gary H , McKay Rana R , McNair Christopher , Nagaraj Gayathri , Nakasone Elizabeth S , Nguyen Ryan , Nonato Taylor K , Olszewski Adam J , Panagiotou Orestis A , Puc Matthew , Razavi Pedram , Robilotti Elizabeth V , Santos-Dutra Miriam , Schmidt Andrew L , Shah Dimpy P , Shah Sumit A , Vieira Kendra , Weissmann Lisa B , Wise-Draper Trisha M , Wu Ulysses , Wu Julie Tsu-Yu , Choueiri Toni K , Mishra Sanjay , Warner Jeremy L , French Benjamin , Farmakiotis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The frequency of coinfections and their association with outcomes have not been adequately studied among patients with cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a high-risk group for coinfection.

Methods
We included adult (≥18 years) patients with active or prior hematologic or invasive solid malignancies and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection, using data from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19, NCT04354701). We captured coinfections within ±2 weeks from diagnosis of COVID-19, identified factors cross-sectionally associated with risk of coinfection, and quantified the association of coinfections with 30-day mortality.

Results
Among 8765 patients (hospitalized or not; median age, 65 years; 47.4% male), 16.6% developed coinfections: 12.1% bacterial, 2.1% viral, 0.9% fungal. An additional 6.4% only had clinical diagnosis of a coinfection. The adjusted risk of any coinfection was positively associated with age &gt;50 years, male sex, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal comorbidities, diabetes, hematologic malignancy, multiple malignancies, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, progressing cancer, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and baseline corticosteroids; the adjusted risk of superinfection was positively associated with tocilizumab administration. Among hospitalized patients, high neutrophil count and C-reactive protein were positively associated with bacterial coinfection risk, and high or low neutrophil count with fungal coinfection risk. Adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher among patients with bacterial (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.33–1.95) and fungal (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.28–3.76) coinfections.

Conclusions
Viral and fungal coinfections are infrequent among patients with cancer and COVID-19, with the latter associated with very high mortality rates. Clinical and laboratory parameters can be used to guide early empiric antimicrobial therapy, which may improve clinical outcomes.
Comparative Efficacy of Early COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: San Filippo Savanna , Crovetto Brynna , Bucek John , Nahass Ronald G , Milano Marc , Brunetti Luigi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab are monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments used for mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-risk patients. To date, there are few data summarizing real-world evidence comparing the 2 mAbs. Additionally, there are insufficient data to guide administration timing relative to symptom onset. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 30-day failure rates for each agent and to identify the relationship between symptom onset and efficacy.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of a 6-month period at a large community medical center. Consecutive outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease by nasopharyngeal (NP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing received either bamlanivimab 700 mg or casirivimab/imdevimab 1200 mg/1200 mg. Each patient was followed for a total of 30 days. Three independent, blinded physicians performed adjudication for revisit reasons. The primary outcome was therapy-related failure, defined as COVID-19-related hospital admission within 30 days of infusion. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounders that may have influenced hospital admission in either group.

Results
During the period from November 2020 to May 2021, 183 patients were treated with bamlanivimab and 270 with casirivimab/imdevimab. The mean age was ~67 years and body mass index 30 kg/m2. Thirty-day admission for therapy-related failure rates were 4.8% and 13.7% for casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab, respectively (P = .001). No significant differences were found between early (&lt;3 days of symptom onset) and late administration of either mAb.

Conclusions
There was a higher failure rate with bamlanivimab vs casirivimab/imdevimab. No difference in efficacy was found between early vs late administration of either mAb.
A systematic analysis of diagnostic performance for Alzheimer's disease using structural MRI
Authors: Wu Jiangping , Zhao Kun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Dong , Ding Yanhui , Wei Yongbin , Zhang Han , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly. Although numerous structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies have reported diagnostic models that could distinguish AD from normal controls (NCs) with 80–95% accuracy, limited efforts have been made regarding the clinically practical computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for AD.

Objective
To explore the potential factors that hinder the clinical translation of the AD-related diagnostic models based on sMRI.

Methods
To systematically review the diagnostic models for AD based on sMRI, we identified relevant studies published in the past 15 years on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid. To evaluate the heterogeneity and publication bias among those studies, we performed subgroup analysis, meta-regression, Begg's test, and Egger's test.

Results
According to our screening criterion, 101 studies were included. Our results demonstrated that high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing AD from NC was obtained in recently published studies, accompanied by significant heterogeneity. Meta-analysis showed that many factors contributed to the heterogeneity of high diagnostic accuracy of AD using sMRI, which included but was not limited to the following aspects: (i) different datasets; (ii) different machine learning models, e.g. traditional machine learning or deep learning model; (iii) different cross-validation methods, e.g. k-fold cross-validation leads to higher accuracies than leave-one-out cross-validation, but both overestimate the accuracy when compared to validation in independent samples; (iv) different sample sizes; and (v) the publication times. We speculate that these complicated variables might be the adverse factor for developing a clinically applicable system for the early diagnosis of AD.

Conclusions
Our findings proved that previous studies reported promising results for classifying AD from NC with different models using sMRI. However, considering the many factors hindering clinical radiology practice, there would still be a long way to go to improve.
Gapless edge modes in (4+1)-dimensional topologically massive tensor gauge theory and anomaly inflow for subsystem symmetry
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the (4 + 1)D topologically massive tensor gauge theory. This theory is an analog of the (2 + 1)D topologically massive Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory. If the space has a boundary, we find that a (3 + 1)D gapless theory appears at the boundary. This gapless theory is a chiral version of the (3 + 1)D φ theory. This gapless theory is protected by the anomaly inflow mechanism for subsystem symmetry. We also consider the corner of our topologically massive tensor gauge theory, and find that an infinite number of (1 + 1)D chiral bosons appear at the corner.
Emergence and spread of a sub-lineage of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant B.1.1.7 in Europe, and with further evolution of spike mutation accumulations shared with the Beta and Gamma variants
Authors: Stadtmüller Marlena , Laubner Alexa , Rost Fabian , Winkler Sylke , Patrasová Eva , Šimůnková Lenka , Reinhardt Susanne , Beil Johanna , Dalpke Alexander H , Yi Buqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution plays a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To monitor the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, through international collaborations, we performed genomic epidemiology analyses on a weekly basis with SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from a border region between Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic in a global background. For identified virus mutant variants, active viruses were isolated and functional evaluations were performed to test their replication fitness and neutralization sensitivity against vaccine-elicited serum neutralizing antibodies. Thereby we identified a new B.1.1.7 sub-lineage carrying additional mutations of nucleoprotein G204P and open-reading-frame-8 K68stop. Of note, this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage is the predominant B.1.1.7 variant in several European countries such as Czech Republic, Austria, and Slovakia. The earliest samples belonging to this sub-lineage were detected in November 2020 in a few countries in the European continent, but not in the UK. We have also detected its further evolution with extra spike mutations D138Y and A701V, which are signature mutations shared with the Gamma and Beta variants, respectively. Antibody neutralization assay of virus variant isolations has revealed that the variant with extra spike mutations is 3.2-fold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies as compared to the other B.1.1.7 variants tested, indicating potential for immune evasion, but it also exhibited reduced replication fitness, suggesting lower transmissibility. The wide spread of this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage was related to the pandemic waves in early 2021 in various European countries. These findings about the emergence, spread, evolution, infection, and transmission abilities of this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage add to our understanding about the pandemic development in Europe and highlight the importance of international collaboration on virus mutant surveillance.
Effect of the COPE Program on Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Preterm Infants
Authors: Hirter Kathrin , Dinten-Schmid Barbara , Avian Alexander , Feinstein Nancy , Spichiger Elisabeth , Nelle Mathias , Stoffel Zurcher Liliane 
Published: February 2022

The birth of a premature infant and its subsequent hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit are stressful experiences for mothers. Because of uncertainty concerning interactions with a premature baby, mothers often feel helpless and only hesitantly assume their maternal role.
This may have a negative impact on the mother-child interaction and prevents mothers from taking an active part in E46
www.jpnnjournal.com the care for their child. “Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment” (COPE) is a 4-phase educational intervention program aiming to systematically involve parents into caring for their premature infant. In this pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study in 2 Swiss university hospitals, we focused on maternal self-efficacy. We compared self-efficacy in mothers receiving the COPE program or standard care alone at baseline and 3 months after estimated delivery date. To measure maternal self-efficacy, we used the “Tool to measure Parenting Self-Efficacy” (TOPSE). While scores for “Emotion and Affection,” “Empathy and Understanding,” as well as “Learning and Knowledge” increased in both groups, only “Learning and Knowledge” scores were significantly higher in the intervention group. Given the intention of improving learning and knowledge, the COPE program might be a promising intervention contributing to enhanced maternal self-efficacy.
Puff bars: a dangerous trend in adolescent disposable e-cigarette use
Authors: Rosenthal Hannah , Chow Nelson , Mehta Setu , Pham Duy , Milanaik Ruth 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Puff Bars, a brand of disposable e-cigarettes, have skyrocketed in popularity recently, presenting significant health and safety risks to adolescents. Puff Bars and other disposable e-cigarette products are attractive to children and teenagers because of their vibrant colors and flavors, low cost, and ease of access. This review examines the rise in Puff Bar popularity, describes notable health and safety concerns, and provides advice for parents and pediatricians in identifying and preventing adolescent Puff Bar use.

Recent findings
Puff Bars have increased in popularity as their product design evaded strict regulations imposed on alternate e-cigarette products, such as Juul. In addition, Puff Bars’ sweet and fruit flavors and marketing on social media have made their use pervasive among youth. Puff Bar use can lead to increased risk of e-cigarette product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and potential exposure to carcinogens. Furthermore, the developmental risks of nicotine use during adolescence include negative effects on cognitive function and detriments to short-term memory.

Summary
Puff Bars present a significant danger to adolescents, and it is imperative that parents and pediatricians are aware of the health risks involved with vaping. Pediatricians should explore e-cigarette use during patient visits, and parents must communicate these dangers to their children and be able to identify these products to regulate their use.
Autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction surgery for short bowel syndrome: the cornerstone for intestinal rehabilitation
Authors: Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Ortega Mariana , Martinez Maria I. , Rumbo Carolina , Solar Héctor 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Intestinal failure (IF) evolved from being the last recognized organ failure, to become one of the most progressive fields in terms of therapeutic alternatives and results. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the main cause of IF in adults and children. The use of surgery allowed patients with unfavorable anatomy type and length to be wean off parenteral nutrition. We aim to evaluate its current impact on intestinal rehabilitation.

Recent findings
Autologous gastro-intestinal reconstructive surgery (AGIRS), including bowel lengthening contributes by converting patient's anatomy to a more favorable one, improving quality of life, and modifying the natural history of the disease, allowing to recover intestinal autonomy in approximately 70% of the adults and 50% of the children's with SBS-IF. The current use of postsurgical medical rehabilitation strategies including the use of enterohormones complement the path to sufficiency, increasing the chances of success in both age group of patients.

Summary
The development of AGIRS has changed the outcome of SBS-IF patients, becoming the main surgical procedure prescribed in multidisciplinary units, allowing to enhance the number of patients achieving intestinal autonomy throughout rehabilitation, leaving transplantation as the last surgical alternative.
Ex Vivo Normothermic Perfusion of Human Upper Limbs
Authors: Rezaei Majid , Ordenana Carlos , Figueroa Brian A. , Said Sayf A. , Fahradyan Vahe , Dalla Pozza Edoardo , Orfahli Lynn M. , Annunziata Michael J. , Rohde Elizabeth , Madajka Maria , Papay Francis , Rampazzo Antonio , Bassiri Gharb Bahar 
Published: February 2022

Background.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a primary concern in upper extremity transplantation. Ex vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP) enables near-physiological organ preservation, avoiding the deleterious effects of hypoxia and cooling. We investigated the effectiveness of human limb EVNP compared with static cold storage (SCS).

Methods.
Twenty human upper extremities were procured. Ten were perfused at 38 °C with an oxygenated red blood cell–based solution, and contralateral limbs served as SCS control (4 °C). EVNP was terminated with systolic arterial pressure ≥115 mm Hg, compartment fullness, or a 20% decline in oxygen saturation. Weight, contractility, compartment pressure, tissue oxygen saturation, and uptake rates were assessed. Perfusate fluid dynamics, gases, electrolytes, and metabolites were measured. Myocyte injury scores and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were performed.

Results.
EVNP duration was 41.6 ± 9.4 h. Vascular resistance averaged 173.0 ± 29.4 mm Hg × min/L. Weight change and compartment pressures were 0.4 ± 12.2% (P = 0.21) and 21.7 ± 15.58 mm Hg (P = 0.003), respectively. Arterial and venous carbon dioxide partial pressure, oxygen saturation, and pH were 509.5 ± 91.4 mm Hg, 15.7 ± 30.2 mm Hg, 87.4 ± 11.4%, and 7.3 ± 0.2, respectively. Oxygen uptake rates averaged 5.7 ± 2.8 mL/min/g. Lactate reached 20 mmol/L after 15 (interquartile range = 6) h. Limb contractility was preserved for 30.5 (interquartile range = 15.8) h (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with perfusate potassium (ρ = –0.7, P < 0.001). Endpoint myocyte injury scores were 28.9 ± 11.5% (EVNP) and 90.2 ± 11.8% (SCS) (P < 0.001). A significant increase in taurine (P = 0.002) and decrease in tryptophan (P = 0.002) were detected. Infrared thermography and indocyanine green angiography confirmed the presence of peripheral perfusion.

Conclusions.
EVNP can overcome the limitations of cold preservation by extending preservation times, enabling limb quality assessment, and allowing limb reconditioning before transplantation.