bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A facile method to produce rodlike β‐Si3N4 seed crystallites for bimodal structure controlling
Authors: Imamura Hisayuki , Kawata Tsunehiro , Honda Sawao , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: November 2022

Abstractβ‐Si3N4 rodlike seed crystallites were successfully produced by single‐step heat treatment of commercial α‐Si3N4 powder at 1900°C for 20 h under an N2 gas pressure of 980 kPa. The average diameter, length, and aspect ratio of the seed crystallites were 0.73 μm, 1.37 μm, and 1.86, respectively. The α‐ ⇀ β‐Si3N4 phase transformation proceeded mainly at 1900°C, and this temperature was lower than the theoretical α‐Si3N4 dissociation temperature (1933°C) under N2 gas pressure of 980 kPa. The formation of metastable solid solution due to the dissolution of O impurity into the α‐Si3N4 crystal lattice was suggested as the driving force for the present oxide additive‐free α‐ ⇀ β‐Si3N4 phase transformation. β‐Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by liquid phase sintering promoted by an additive system of 1 wt% MgO with 3 wt% Gd2O3. Starting α‐Si3N4 powder with 10 vol% rodlike β‐Si3N4 seed crystallites prepared in this study and an extended sintering time for up to 20 h at 1950°C resulted in the formation of bimodal microstructure composed of fine matrix grains and large elongated grains originated from the seed crystallites. The β‐Si3N4 ceramics exhibited improved fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of 5.9 ± 0.8 MPa m−1/2 and 109.3 ± 0.4 W m−1 K−1, respectively, retaining a high fracture strength of about 1 GPa.
Psychiatric inpatient admissions and discharges of people with intellectual disabilities: A time series analysis of English national data
Authors: Langdon Peter E. , Thompson Paul A. , Shepstone Lee , Perez‐Olivas Gisela , Melvin Clare L. , Barnoux Magali , Alexander Regi , Roy Ashok , Devapriam John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined whether a series of variables were related to the number of psychiatric inpatients using publicly available data about English psychiatric bed utilisation and NHS workforce.MethodUsing linear regression, with auto‐regressive errors, we examined relationships between variables over time using data from December 2013 to March 2021.ResultsOver time, the number of inpatients reduced by either 6.58 or 8.07 per month depending upon the dataset utilised, and the number of community nurses and community nursing support staff reduced by 7.43 and 2.14 nurses per month, respectively. Increasing numbers of consultant psychiatrists were associated with fewer inpatients over time. More care and treatment reviews (CTRs) were associated with more admissions over time, while more post‐admission CTRs were associated with increased discharges over time.ConclusionsFuture studies should examine whether psychiatric bed utilisation elsewhere within the NHS by people with intellectual disabilities has increased.
The association between nonpharmacological interventions and quality of life in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Jensen Marie‐Louise , Vamosi Marianne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about five percent among children and adolescents. This disorder affects most aspects of their lives e.g., academic performance and social relations, and their overall quality of life is reduced compared to healthy peers. The majority of children with ADHD are treated with medication that potentially has an insufficient effect and/or frequently occurring side effects.ObjectivesTo enable nurses and other health care professionals to guide children with ADHD and their families in their choices of treatment, based on the best available literature on the association between nonpharmacological interventions and quality of life.Data SourcesA literature search was performed in the databases CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Seven randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. They examined the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids, physical activity, psychoeducation, cognitive therapy, cognitive training, hippotherapy, and behavioral therapy.ConclusionsThe study of behavioral therapy in the form of a sleep intervention detected an improvement in quality of life which was statistically significant compared to the control group.Implications for PracticeChildren with ADHD and a sleep disorder may gain improvement in their quality of life from a sleep intervention.
Mediterranean diet component oleic acid increases protective lipid mediators and improves trabecular bone in a Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation model
Authors: Döding Annika , Hüfner Mira , Nachtsheim Franziska , Iffarth Viktoria , Bölter Anna , Bastian Asisa , Symmank Judit , Andreas Nico , Schädel Patrick , Thürmer Maria , Becker Kathrin , Wolf Michael , Jacobs Collin , Kamradt Thomas , Koeberle Andreas , Werz Oliver , Sigusch Bernd , Schulze‐Späte Ulrike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTherapeutic modulation of bacterial‐induced inflammatory host response is being investigated in gingival inflammation and periodontal disease pathology. Therefore, dietary intake of the monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) oleic acid (OA (C18:1)), which is the main component of Mediterranean‐style diets, and saturated FA palmitic acid (PA (C16:0)), which is a component of Western‐style diets, was investigated for their modifying potential in an oral inoculation model of Porphyromonas gingivalis.Materials and MethodsNormal‐weight C57BL/6‐mice received OA‐ or PA‐enriched diets (PA‐ED, OA‐ED, PA/OA‐ED) or normal standard diet for 16 weeks and were inoculated with P. gingivalis/placebo (n = 12/group). Gingival inflammation, alveolar bone structure, circulating lipid mediators, and in vitro cellular response were determined.ResultsFA treatment of P. gingivalis‐lipopolysaccharide‐incubated gingival fibroblasts (GFbs) modified inflammatory activation, which only PA exacerbated with concomitant TNF‐α stimulation. Mice exhibited no signs of acute inflammation in gingiva or serum and no inoculation‐ or nutrition‐associated changes of the crestal alveolar bone. However, following P. gingivalis inoculation, OA‐ED improved oral trabecular bone micro‐architecture and enhanced circulating pro‐resolving mediators resolvin D4 (RvD4) and 4‐hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4‐HDHA), whereas PA‐ED did not. In vitro experiments demonstrated significantly improved differentiation in RvD4‐ and 4‐HDHA‐treated primary osteoblast cultures and reduced the expression of osteoclastogenic factors in GF. Further, P. gingivalis infection of OA‐ED animals led to a serum composition that suppressed osteoclastic differentiation in vitro.ConclusionsOur results underline the preventive impact of Mediterranean‐style OA‐EDs by indicating their pro‐resolving nature beyond anti‐inflammatory properties.
Sibling dynamics in the context of parental child maltreatment: A theoretical model grounded in data
Authors: Katz Carmit , Cohen Noa , Tener Dafna , Nadan Yochay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article presents and discusses a theoretical model grounded in data regarding sibling dynamics in the context of parental child maltreatment. The model aimed to explain the process by which parental maltreatment shaped the siblings' dynamics while following the process from childhood to adulthood. The model is based on the triangulated analysis of three samples: 120 forensic interviews with maltreated children, 83 interviews with adults who experienced maltreatment in childhood, and 48 interviews with professionals. The theoretical model presents key concepts for sibling dynamics: sibling camaraderie, sibling abuse, parentified sibling, and sibling cut‐off. In addition, the overlap and movements within and between these concepts are discussed, as well as contexts that might explain the model.
Quantifying the drivers of long‐term prices in materials supply chains
Authors: Bhuwalka Karan , Kirchain Randolph E. , Olivetti Elsa A. , Roth Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRaw materials costs form an increasingly significant proportion of the total costs of renewable energy technologies that must be adopted at unprecedented rates to combat climate change. As the affordable deployment of these technologies grows vulnerable to materials price changes, effective strategies must be identified to mitigate the risk of higher input costs faced by manufacturers. To better understand potential threats to deployment, a market modeling approach was developed to quantify economic risk factors including material demand, substitutability, recycling, mining productivity, resource quality, and discovery. Results demonstrate that price changes are determined by interactions between demand growth, mining productivity, and resource quality. In the worst cases with high demand and low productivity, development of material substitutes and large recycling rates help reduce the prevalence of price risk from over 90% to under 10%. Investing in these strategies yields significant benefits for manufacturers and governments concerned about costs of materials critical to decarbonization and other advanced technologies.
Identification and genetic diversity ofFusarium sacchariassociated with pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane in Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho Maria Raquel Veras , Rocha Kelvim Crist Araujo , de Melo Maruzanete Pereira , Britto Fábio Barros , Barguil Beatriz Meireles , de Alcântara Neto Francisco , Borges Abel Ferreira , da Silva Juliana Pereira , Beserra José Evando Aguiar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIsolates from theFusarium fujikuroispecies complex, mainlyF. sacchari, have been reported to be the causal agents of pokkah boeng in sugarcane in Brazil. However, inadequate information was available on the occurrence and genetic diversity ofF. sacchariin Northeast Brazil, which is a limiting factor on management. Thus, isolates ofF. subglutinanssensu lato from sugarcane plants with symptoms of pokkah boeng were evaluated using the sexual cross‐fertility to determine species. All the isolates produced black perithecia when they were crossed with the test isolates ofF. sacchari. Three weeks after the crossing, the formation of fertile ascospores cirri was observed. Thirty‐four isolates were self‐sterile hermaphrodites, while 21 were fertile only as males. Five isolates were homothallic. The effective size [Ne(f)] of the population as a function of the frequency of hermaphrodites and female sterile strains was 95.5%. TheF. sacchariisolates were separated into four genetic groups independent of geographic location. The mean of polymorphism among all populations was 79%, and the average unbiased genetic diversity (uh) was considered moderate (0.31). This study in addition to confirming thatF. saccharias the main species associated with pokkah boeng in sugarcane in Northeast Brazil, reveals the relationship of mating type and genetic diversity ofF. sacchari. The unrestricted gene flow between regions is probably the best explanation for the low geographic correlation. This knowledge will help in the adoption of management measures with fungicides or resistant cultivars.
The role of Sirt3‐induced autophagy in renal structural damage caused by periodontitis in rats
Authors: Ding Xu , Hou Yubo , Liu Xinchan , Li Xin , Liu Xiaomeng , Deng Yu , Cao Niuben , Yu Weixian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research aimed to explore the effect of periodontitis on renal tissues injury in rats and the role of Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) and its regulation of autophagy in this progression.Material and MethodsThirty Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: control, periodontitis (P), and periodontitis with gavage administration of Sirt3 activator resveratrol (P + RSV). To induce periodontitis, the wire ligature was placed around the cervical region of the rat maxillary first molar. After 8 weeks, micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to evaluate the alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation. Serum and urine biochemical indicators were measured to assess renal function. The pathological changes of the kidney were observed via HE and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Autophagosome was viewed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Real‐time PCR and western blot were used to test expressions of Sirt3 and autophagy indicators in renal and periodontal tissues, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphor‐mTOR (p‐mTOR), BECN1 (Beclin‐1), and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3).ResultsAlveolar bone destruction, resorption, and periodontal inflammation were observed in the P group (compared with the control group), and the above indexes were significantly improved after RSV intervention; the obvious changes in renal tissue structure in the P group were partially recovered after RSV intervention, while renal functional status was not affected (among the three groups); in addition, the levels of Sirt3 and autophagy in kidney and periodontal tissues of P group were inhibited, manifested as a decrease in the number of autophagosomes (renal tissue) and expressions of autophagy marker Beclin‐1 and LC3 conversion rate and an increase in the expression of p‐mTOR. After Sirt3 activation (RSV), the above indicators were significantly improved.ConclusionPeriodontitis causes renal structural damage in rats, which may be connected to the effect of Sirt3‐induced autophagy.
Cream‐skimming at the frontline: The role of administrative literacy
Authors: Döring Matthias , Jilke Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe notion of cream‐skimming—defined as the propensity to prioritize clients who have a higher likelihood of meeting bureaucratic success criteria, including organizational goals—is at the heart of street‐level bureaucracies. However, there is often no direct information available to street‐level bureaucrats whether clients will actually meet bureaucratic success criteria. This study argues that street‐level bureaucrats assess clients' potential to reach these criteria via their administrative literacy—a client's capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services from public administrations—as displayed in social interactions. Therefore, this study elaborates on the role of clients' administrative literacy and its effects on cream‐skimming behavior. Using data from two experiments, we show that public employees prioritize clients with higher levels of preparedness and effective communication strategies. These findings suggest that cream‐skimming is not just a rational cost–benefit analysis, but strongly influenced by social dynamics within public encounters.
Against the Religious Neutrality Requirement
Authors: Friberg‐Fernros Henrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne element of the liberal ideal of secularity is the principle that the state should treat religions neutrally: This is the religious neutrality requirement. Applied to religious belief systems, the principle stipulates that the state should not take a position on whether or not a certain religion is true. I challenge this ideal and argue that teachers in public schools sometimes need to take a position on religious truth claims in order to avoid the risk of promoting false beliefs. I then argue that not acting to avert these implications is sufficiently costly to justify the abandonment of this requirement.
Biophysical and biochemical changes in skin health of healthcare professionals using respirators during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Abiakam Nkemjika , Jayabal Hemalatha , Mitchell Kay , Bader Dan , Worsley Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersonal protective equipment, including respirator devices, has been used to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. These are fitted to skin sites on the face to prevent airborne transmission but have resulted in reports of discomfort and adverse skin reactions from their continued usage. The present study addresses the objective changes in both the structural integrity and biological response of the skin following prolonged and consecutive use of respirators.Materials and methodsA longitudinal cohort study, involving 17 HCWs who wear respirators daily, was designed. Changes in the barrier properties and biological response of the skin were assessed at three facial anatomical sites, namely, the nasal bridge, left cheek and at a location outside the perimeter of respirator. Assessments were made on three different sessions corresponding to the first, second and third consecutive days of mask usage. Skin parameters included transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration and erythema, as well as cytokine biomarkers sampled from sebum using a commercial tape.ResultsThe cheek and the site outside the perimeter covered by the respirator presented minimal changes in skin parameters. By contrast, significant increases in both the TEWL (up to 4.8 fold) and SC hydration (up to 2.7 fold) were detected at the nasal bridge on the second consecutive day of respirator‐wearing. There was a high degree of variation in the individual expression of pro‐and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Increasing trends in nasal bridge TEWL values were associated with the body mass index (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe most sensitive objective parameter in detecting changes in the skin barrier proved to be the increase in TEWL at the nasal bridge, particularly on the second day of consecutive respirator usage. By contrast, other measures of skin were less able to detect remarkable variations in the barrier integrity. Consideration for protecting skin health is required for frontline workers, who continue to wear respirators for prolonged periods over consecutive days during the pandemic.
Utility of microbiologic testing in surveillance bronchoscopy following lung transplantation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dillon William P. , Acosta Tommy Parraga , Failla Andrew , Corrales Julio , Alangaden George , Ramesh Mayur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of surveillance bronchoscopy (SB) for the clinical management of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is undefined. This study evaluates the role of SB in the monitoring and care of LTRs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all LTRs who had SB at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan between August 2014 and August 2019. Bronchoscopies performed for clinical symptoms, new radiographic abnormalities, and to assess stents or acute rejection were excluded. A total of 107 LTRs and 449 bronchoscopies were analyzed. The primary outcome was the rate of change in clinical care based on microbiologic and pathologic test results. Secondary outcomes were rates of microbiologic and pathologic test positivity and rates of adverse effects.ResultsThe most common microbiologic tests performed on bronchoalveolar lavage were bacterial (96.9%), fungal (95.3%), and acid‐fast bacillus (95.1%) stains and cultures. Of 2560 microbiologic tests, 22.0% were positive and resulted in therapy changes for 2.9%. Positive galactomannan, acid‐fast bacillus tests, and Pneumocystis jirovecii antigen/polymerase chain reaction did not result in therapy changes. Of the 370 transbronchial biopsies performed, 82.2% were negative for acute rejection and 13% were positive for A1/A2 rejection. Immunosuppressive therapy changes occurred after 15.8% with reduction in immunosuppression due to positive microbiologic tests in 16.9%. Adverse events occurred in 8.0% of patients.ConclusionDiagnostic stewardship is warranted when performing SB in LTRs.
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A System Approach to Contact Fatigue Life Estimation of Right-Angled Geared System
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Srikumar C. , Nilangekar Abhijit , Chung Jerry , Mehta Yogesh , Kanade Bhushan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The right-angled geared systems are used in automotive and aerospace applications. Most of the right-angled geared systems fail due to contact fatigue. Several articles reported discussing contact fatigue failure of parallel axis geared systems, and the contact fatigue conditions of hypoid and spiral bevel geared systems are seldom studied. This work aims to bridge the gap and proposes a simplified method to model contact fatigue in the right-angled geared system under dry contact conditions. Initially, the gear contact is modeled using a tooth contact analysis methodology for a given load, speed, and operating conditions. The above step is followed by obtaining stress histories based on suitable interpolation conditions, finite element computation, and Hertzian contact conditions. These stress histories form the basis of the Characteristic plane method. The contact fatigue life of the gears is calculated based on the equivalent bending amplitude of a multiaxial stress condition. The equivalent bending amplitude is then used to determine the number of cycles of operation the gear can endure from the SN-curve for that material. This method is then used to perform parametric analysis based on the size, material type, and gear contact ratio.
Reinforcement Learning Based Sequential Batch-Sampling for Bayesian Optimal Experimental Design
Authors: Ashenafi Yonatan , Pandita Piyush , Ghosh Sayan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Engineering problems that are modeled using sophisticated mathematical methods or are characterized by expensive-to-conduct tests or experiments, are encumbered with limited budget or finite computational resources. Moreover, practical scenarios in the industry, impose restrictions, based on logistics and preference, on the manner in which the experiments can be conducted. For example, material supply may enable only a handful of experiments in a single-shot or in the case of computational models one may face significant wait-time based on shared computational resources. In such scenarios, one usually resorts to performing experiments in a manner that allows for maximizing one’s state-of-knowledge while satisfying the above mentioned practical constraints. Sequential design of experiments (SDOE) is a popular suite of methods, that has yielded promising results in recent years across different engineering and practical problems. A common strategy, that leverages Bayesian formalism is the Bayesian SDOE, which usually works best in the one-step-ahead or myopic scenario of selecting a single experiment at each step of a sequence of experiments. In this work, we aim to extend the SDOE strategy, to query the experiment or computer code at a batch of inputs. To this end, we leverage deep reinforcement learning (RL) based policy gradient methods, to propose batches of queries that are selected taking into account entire budget in hand. The algorithm retains the sequential nature, inherent in the SDOE, while incorporating elements of reward based on task from the domain of deep RL. A unique capability of the proposed methodology is its ability to be applied to multiple tasks, for example optimization of a function, once its trained. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm on a synthetic problem, and a challenging high-dimensional engineering problem.