bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary bladder metastasis from suspected second primary breast cancer presenting with ambiguous lower urinary tract symptoms: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chang-Chieh Liao , Yen-Chaun Ou , Min-Che Tung , Wei-Shiang Hu , Tang-Yi Tsao , Chao-Yu Hsu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Secondary urinary bladder tumors arising from solid tumors are rare, and most are direct extensions from other pelvic neoplasms. Bladder metastasis from distant organs is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of breast cancer (BC) that metastasized to the urinary bladder 21 years after the diagnosis of primary BC.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old female patient underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast for stage I (T1N0M0)papillary carcinoma, which was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Twenty-one years later, she visited the outpatient urology clinic with urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence; fullness in the lower abdomen; and nocturia. Several medical treatments were administered, but symptoms persisted and even worsened. Urinary bladder ultrasound and abdominal computer tomography revealed diffuse bladder wall thickening with a tumor in the right posterior wall. Tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125, and carbohydrate antigen 199, were elevated but carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was within the normal range.The patient underwent cystofibroscopy, and random biopsy specimens were collected. Inflammatory changes in the urinary bladder observed during cystofibroscopy were compatible with bladder wall thickening. The pathologic examination revealed metastatic infiltrating lobular carcinoma with triple-negative molecular subtype, which was different than the type of BC diagnosed 21 years ago. We were unable to confirm whether the origin was a second primary BC or the initial BC owing to the limitations related to available immunostaining markers and pathologic sectioning 21 years earlier.
Conclusion: The present case illustrates the critical importance of history-taking in the definitive diagnosis of metastatic cancers in the bladder. Common urinary symptoms may arise from metastasis from uncommon sites. In patients with a history of cancer, the focus should not only be on the currently affected organ but also on the status of the underlying malignancy.
Larvae of Sasakia charonda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) and three related species use oral odorants to repel ants and wasps
Authors: Hayashi Taro , Holikawa Kaori , Akiba Hisako , INOUE Takashi A , Niihara Kinuko , Fukuda Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We incidentally discovered that the larvae of Sasakia charonda (Hewitson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) disturbed by ants, wasps, or humans release volatile compounds orally. To identify these substances, we collected oral odorant samples directly from the mouths of S. charonda larvae into volatile-collecting tubes. The trapped oral odorant samples were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We confirmed the identity of 19 substances by comparing them to GC of known standards, and inferred them to mainly be alcohols and aldehydes/ketones, with main chains of 4–5 carbons. Three of the chemicals in the oral odorant samples, 2-butanol, 1-penten-3-ol, and 3-pentanone, showed a repellant effect towards the ants Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith, 1860) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Formica japonica Motschoulsky, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We also examined the effects of these 19 volatiles on Polistes spp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and confirmed that some of them were effective repellantsagainst these wasps. We propose that the substances we identified in this study can be used as defensive chemicals, analogous to the osmeterium emissions specific to Papilionidae butterflies. Furthermore, we examined the oral odorants of three related three Japanese Apaturine (Nymphalidae) species, Hestina assimilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Hestina persimilis (Westwood, 1850), and Apatura metis (Freyer, 1829) using the same approach. The chemical compositions of the oral odorants of H. assimilis and H. persimilis were similar to that of S. charonda, whereas that of A. metis differed. Some of the oral substances also induced a defensive response in Apaturinae larvae. We consider these substances to also act as alarm substances against these larvae.
Nitrogen fixation rates in the Guinea Dome and the Equatorial upwelling regions in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Carrera Ana Fernández , Kiko Rainer , Hauss Helena , Hamilton Douglas S. , Achterberg Eric P. , Montoya Joseph P. , Dengler Marcus , Brandt Peter , Subramaniam Ajit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is a key process balancing the loss of combined nitrogen in the marine nitrogen cycle. Its relevance in upwelling or high nutrient regions is still under debate, with the few available studies in these regions of the ocean reporting rates that vary widely from below detection limit to as high as 127nmol L−1d−1. In the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, two open ocean upwelling systems are active in boreal summer. One is the seasonal Equatorial upwelling, where the residual phosphorus associated with aging upwelled waters is suggested to enhance nitrogen fixation in this season. The other is the Guinea Dome, a thermal upwelling dome, where the information on the variability of nitrogen fixation is scarce and sparse. We conducted two surveys in the central Atlantic Ocean along 23ºW across the Guinea Dome and the Equator from ca. 16ºN to ca. 6ºS in September 2015 and August-September 2016 with high horizontal resolution (20 to 60 nmi between stations). The abundance of Trichodesmium colonies was characterized by an Underwater Vision Profiler 5 and the total biological nitrogen fixation in the euphotic layer was measured using the 15N2 technique. While the highest abundances of Trichodesmium colonies were found in the area of the Guinea Dome (9°−15°N) with a maximum of 3 colonies L−1 near the surface, colonies were almost absent in the Equatorial band between 2°N− 6°S. The highest nitrogen fixation rate was measured at the edges of the Guinea Dome in 2016 (ca. 31 nmol L−1 d−1), where a patchy distribution was unveiled by our high spatial resolution scheme, and diazotrophs thrive on a sufficient supply of both phosphorus and iron. In the Equatorial band, rates were considerably lower ranging from below detection limit to ca. 4 nmol L−1 d−1, with a clear difference in magnitude between 2015 (very low rates) and 2016 (average rates around 2 nmol L−1 d−1) probably due to a differential supply of phosphorus.
Vestibular Compound Action Potentials and Macular Velocity Evoked by Sound and Vibration in the Guinea Pig1
Authors: Pastras Christopher J. , Curthoys Ian S. , Rabbitt Richard D. , Brown Daniel J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To examine mechanisms responsible for vestibular afferent sensitivity to transient air conducted sounds (ACS) and inter-aural bone conducted vibration (BCV), we performed simultaneous measurements of stimulus-evoked vestibular compound action potentials (vCAPs), utricular macula or stapes velocity, and vestibular microphonics (VMs) in the anaesthetized guinea pig. For short duration punctate stimuli (< 1ms), the vCAP increases magnitude in close proportion to macular velocity and temporal bone (ear-bar) acceleration, rather than other kinematic variables. For longer duration stimuli, the vCAP magnitude switches from temporal bone acceleration sensitive to linear jerk sensitive while maintaining macular velocity sensitivity. vCAP input-output (IO) functions suggest primary afferent response generation has the same origins for both BCV and ACS, with similar macular velocity thresholds and IO functions for both stimuli. Frequency tuning curves evoked by tone-burst stimuli also show the vCAP increases magnitude in proportion to macular velocity, while in contrast, the VM increases magnitude in proportion to macular displacement across the entire frequency bandwidth tested. The subset of vestibular afferent neurons responsible for synchronized firing and vCAPs have been shown previously to make calyceal synaptic contacts with type I hair cells in the striolar region of the epithelium and have irregularly spaced inter-spike intervals at rest. Present results provide new insight into mechanical and neural mechanisms underlying synchronized action potentials in these sensitive afferents, with clinical relevance for understanding the activation and tuning of neurons responsible for driving rapid compensatory reflex responses.
Provision of drug and alcohol services amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative evaluation on the experiences of service providers
Authors: Richards-Johnes Levi , Patel Priya , Jagpal Parbir Kaur , Lowrie Richard , Saunders Karen , Burwood Sarah , Shrestha Sunil , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of Drug and Alcohol (D&A) services and associated outcomes have been under-researched.
Aim
This study aimed to understand the experiences of service providers in relation to how drug and alcohol (D&A) services were affected during COVID-19 pandemic, including the adaptations made and lessons learnt for the future.
Method
Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from various D&A service organisations across the UK. Data was audio recorded followed by transcription and thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 46 participants representing various service providers were recruited between October and January 2022. The thematic analysis identified ten themes. COVID-19 required significant changes to how the treatment was provided and prioritised. Expansion of telehealth and digital services were described, which reduced service wait times and increased opportunities for peer network. However, they described missed opportunities for disease screening, and some users risked facing digital exclusion. Participants who provided opiate substitution therapy service spoke of improving service provider/user trust following the shift from daily supervised treatment consumption to weekly dispensing. At the same time, they feared fatal overdoses and non-adherence to treatment.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK-based D&A service provisions. The long-term impact of reduced supervision on Substance Use Disorder treatment and outcomes and any effect of virtual communications on service efficiency, patient-provider relationships and treatment retention and successes are unknown, suggesting the need for further study to assess their utility.
Machine Learning-Assisted Optimal Schedule of Underground Water Pipe Inspection
Authors: Fan Xudong , Yu Xiong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are over 2.2 million miles of underground water pipes serving the cities in the United States. Many are in poor conditions and deteriorate rapidly. Failures of these pipes could cause enormous financial losses to the customers and communities. Inspection provides crucial information for pipe condition assessment and maintenance plan; it, however, is very expensive for underground pipes due to accessibility issues. Therefore, water agencies commonly face the challenge to 1) decide whether it is worthwhile to schedule expensive water pipe inspections under financial constraints, and 2) if so, how to optimize the inspection schedule to maximize its value. This study leverages the physical model and data-based machine learning (ML) models for underground water pipe failure prediction to shed light on these two important questions for decision making. Analyses are firstly conducted to assess the value of water pipe inspection. Results by use of a physical-based failure model and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that by inspecting pipe’s condition, i.e., assessment of pipe’s erosion depth, the uncertainty of water pipe failure prediction can be narrowed down by 51%. For optimal inspection schedule, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, trained with historical inspection data, is evaluated for its performance in forecasting the future pipe failure probability. The results showed that a biased pipe failure prediction can occur under limited rounds of inspection. However, incorporating more rounds of inspection allows to predict the pipe failure conditions over its life cycle. From this, an optimal inspection plan can be proposed to achieve the maximum benefits of inspection in uncertainty reduction. A few salient results from the analyses include 1) the optimal schedule for inspection is not necessarily equal in the time interval, 2) by setting the goal of uncertainty reduction, an optimal inspection schedule can be obtained, where machine learning (ML) model augmented by continuously training with inspection data allows to reliably predict water pipe failure conditions over its life cycle. While this study focuses on underground pipe inspection, the general observations and methodology are applicable to optimize the inspection of other types of infrastructure as well.
Bioinformatic identification of hub genes related to Obesity paradox in Breast Cancer by Menopausal Status
Authors: hosseinpour Zahra , Tavirani Mostafa Rezaei , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) considers as one of the most common cancers in women contributing to cancer-related death in the modern world. Obesity, as a worldwide epidemic beside the menopausal status, has a paradox associated with breast cancers. To determine molecular mechanism underlying the paradoxical effects of Obesity on breast cancer, a gene expression dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) used to study the changes of co-expression genes in BMI, grad, “tumor. Stage” and “tumor.subtype” dynamically. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the modules that are highly correlated with BMI, for annotation, visualization and integration discovery. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was used to determinate upregulated gene in obese post-menopausal woman compare to pre menopause. The results proved that RHO GTPase cycle pathway, had the highest correlation with BMI, but on the other contrary, OSBPL7 and KIR2DL2 genes were upregulated in obese post-menopausal woman. These results may lead to an improvement in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of the effects of body mass on BC, and assist in identifying biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for treating obese post-menopausal woman with breast cancer.
Cadmium concertation and health risk assessment of ground-water in district Khanewal (South Punjab) Pakistan
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Usman Muhamad , Iqbal Rashid , Rahman Muhammad Habib ur , Ali Iftikhar , Arslan Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contamination of cadmium (Cd) in several areas of Pakistan has been accounted which display severe health risks to the peoples through its various ways of the exposure. There exists relatively infrequent data about cadmium levels in the groundwater of the south Punjab, which is usually utilized for the drinking intention. This study was conducted to evaluate the cadmium concentration in the drinking water of Khanewal district. 196 drinking samples were taken from various areas (urban and rural). Several groundwater sources (tube well, hand pumps and electric pump) were selected at various depths (50 to 400 feet) of four tehsils (Khanewal, Kabirwala, Main channu, Jahanian) of Khanewal district. Collected samples were pacified to assessment of cadmium concentration and physiochemical features of the water such as pH, anions, cations, EC, bicarbonates and carbonates. It was observed that around 90% of water samples were unsafe for the drinking purpose, the main reason is various areas of Khanewal were noticed with cadmium levels greater than WHO (world health organization) allowable limit of cadmium (3µg/l) in the drinking-water. Cadmium caused health hazards was also assessed with regard to the average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) for human who were depending on the cadmium-contained water for ingestion. It is noticed that peoples of district Khanewal are at the severe carcinogenic health risk. In this research emphasizes that essential monitoring and management steps are essential for humans in the study areas, in order to reduce the cadmium-caused health impacts and build effectual remediation approaches for cadmium-polluted drinking water.
A new species of Genus Limacella from Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan
Authors: KHALIL HAJRA , AYYUB MISBAH , NIAZI ABDUL REHMAN , AKRAM AIZA 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During a study of the genus Leucoagaricus in Pakistan, we collected a putatively new species with a distinct morphology, anatomy and ITS nrDNA profile from Changa Manga, Punjab. The new species is characterized by the presence of reddish brown central squamules on a milk-white background, thick-walled and ellipsoid spores, narrowly sub-cylindrical to subclavate cheilocystidia and cylindrical stipe. A full description, color photographs, line drawings and a phylogenetic tree of the new species are provided.
Biosynthesis approach of zinc oxide nanoparticles for aqueous phosphorous removal: physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities
Authors: Khamis Mona , Gouda Gamal A. , Nagiub Adham M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, phosphorus (PO43–-P) is removed from water samples using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). These nanoparticles are produced easily, quickly, and sustainably using Onion extracts (Allium cepa) at average crystallite size 8.13 nm using Debye-Scherrer equation in hexagonal wurtzite phase. The bio-synthesis ZnO NPs characterization and investigation were conducted. With an initial concentration of 250 mg/L of P, the effects of the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and temperature were examined. At pH = 3 and T = 300 K, ZnO NPs, the optimum sorption capacity of 84 mg/g was achieved, which was superior to many other adsorbents. The isothermal study was found to be fit the Langmuir model at monolayer capacity 89.8 mg/g, and the kinetic study was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process was verified to be endothermic and spontaneous by thermodynamic characteristics. As a result of their low cost as an adsorbent and their high metal absorption, ZnO NPs were found to be the most promising sorbent in this investigation and have the potential to be used as effective sorbents for the removal of P from aqueous solutions. The antimicrobial activity results showed that ZnO NPs concentration had a greater antibacterial activity than conventional Cefotaxime, which was utilised as a positive control, in the inhibitory zone. However, there was no inhibitory zone visible in the controlled wells that had been supplemented with onion extract and DMSO.
Comparison of the intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal techniques in the repair of cesarean section incision
Authors: Farisoğulları Nihat , Denizli Ramazan , Sakcak Bedri , Çiçekli Nayif , Doğan Zeki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare the intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal techniques in the repair of uterine incision in cesarean delivery.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed the data of patients that underwent a cesarean section in Viranşehir State Hospital, a secondary care center. The present retrospective study included a total of 589 patients, of whom 296 underwent intra-abdominal uterine repair and 293 underwent extra-abdominal uterine repair in cesarean delivery. The groups were compared in terms of clinical characteristics, operation time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay.
Results: Operation time significantly shorter in patients who underwent extra-abdominal uterine repair (p<0.001). Another significant finding was that blood loss was less in patients who underwent extra-abdominal uterine repair (p=0.002). Other parameters (age, blood transfusion requirement, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, length of hospital stay, and bowel movements) were statistically similar in the two groups.
Conclusions: Our study showed that extra-abdominal repair shortened the operation time and less blood loss.
Palladium-nickel supported and palladated activated diatomite as an efficient catalyst for poly-α-olefins hydrogenation
Authors: Aubakirov Yermek , Toshtay Kainaubek , Auyezov Ali , Amrousse Rachid , Azat Seitkhan , Sailaukhanuly Yerbolat , Nakan Ulantay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, comparative testing of the activity of low-percentage palladium and palladium-nickel catalysts supported on activated diatomite with a commercial nickel catalyst from BASF was carried out in the process of hydrogenation of polyalphaolefins (PAO-4). It has been found that palladium catalysts carry out the process under milder conditions, demonstrate higher activity compared to nickel catalysts, significantly reduce the process time, and provide a higher degree of hydrogenation. The activity of bimetallic catalysts is lower than that of monometallic palladium catalysts. The physicochemical characteristics of catalysts and polyalphaolefin oils also have been determined.
Comparison of the effects of oxidative and inflammatory stresses on rat chondrocyte senescence
Authors: Yagi Misaki , Endo Kentaro , Komori Keiichiro , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease that causes progressive cartilage loss. Chondrocyte senescence is a fundamental mechanism that contributes to the imbalance of matrix homeostasis in OA by inducing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although OA chondrocytes are mainly exposed to oxidative and inflammatory stresses, the role of these individual stresses in chondrocyte senescence remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of these stresses on the senescence of rat chondrocytes. Rat chondrocytes were treated with H2O2 and a combination of IL-1β and TNF-α (IL/TNF) to compare their in vitro effect on senescent phenotypes. For in vivo evaluation, H2O2 and IL/TNF were injected into rat knee joints for 4 weeks. The in vitro results showed that H2O2 treatment increased reactive oxygen species, γ-H2AX, and p21 levels, stopped cell proliferation, and decreased glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-producing ability. In contrast, IL/TNF increased the expression of p16 and SASP factors, resulting in increased GAG degradation. Intraarticular injections of H2O2 did not cause any changes in senescent markers; however, IL/TNF injections reduced safranin O staining and increased the proportion of p16- and SASP factor-positive chondrocytes. Our results indicate that oxidative and inflammatory stresses have significantly different effects on the senescence of rat chondrocytes.