bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of an adaptive time integration strategy for a high‐order discretization of the unsteady RANS equations
Authors: Ghidoni Antonio , Massa Francesco Carlo , Noventa Gianmaria , Rebay Stefano 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMany industrial applications, for example, aeronautics, aeroacoustics, and turbomachinery, are characterized by complex turbulent flow problems, whose numerical studies are mostly based on statistical models. These models rely on the Navier–Stokes equations averaged in time, namely the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. RANS unsteady solutions require accurate and efficient time integration strategies, and the choice of the time‐step can have a strong impact on the robustness and efficiency of the simulation. Adaptive time step algorithms can improve considerably the effectiveness of time integration, but in literature little information is available on their application to unsteady RANS equations for high‐Reynolds number turbulent flows. This work aims at reducing this gap, presenting a numerical investigation of the performance of different adaptive temporal strategies applied to linearly implicit Rosenbrock‐type schemes within a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin framework. Several test cases of increasing stiffness and difficulty are considered for both compressible and incompressible turbulent flows.
Deep learning meets decision trees: An application of a heterogeneous deep forest approach in credit scoring for online consumer lending
Authors: Xia Yufei , Guo Xinyi , Li Yinguo , He Lingyun , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOnline consumer lending has recently been growing rapidly, but it faces high credit risk. For this problem, developing powerful credit scoring models has become an effective solution and can be achieved from three aspects: modeling approach, data source, and evaluation measure. This paper proposes a novel model that departs from those in previous studies in threefold. First, a heterogeneous deep forest model that combines deep learning architecture and tree‐based ensemble classifiers is proposed as the modeling approach. Second, a Bayesian‐based macroeconomic variable optimization method is developed to determine the macroeconomic variables and the corresponding lag term, and the selected macroeconomic variables are used as supplementary data source for modeling. Lastly, a series of capital charge error measures is proposed to evaluate credit scoring models from a regulatory perspective. The proposal is evaluated on multiple large datasets under performance measures on predictive accuracy, profitability, and capital charge errors. Frequentist and Bayesian nonparametric significance tests are used to examine the statistical significance of heterogeneous deep forest and benchmarks. Three main conclusions can be reached from the comparison. First, heterogeneous deep forest significantly outperforms the industry benchmarks over all the evaluation measures. Second, the predictive performance is enhanced after incorporating the selected macroeconomic variables and the corresponding lag, and the result remains robust under cross‐validation and forward‐chaining validation. Third, the capital charge errors reflect the model performance from a regulatory perspective and thus lead to different rankings from those when evaluating predictive accuracy and profitability.
Two sides of the same coin? Revisiting the relationship between burden and positive aspects of caregiving in dementia
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesStudies have shown that items on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) purported to measure self‐criticism do not correlate well with the other items. Examination of item content suggests they may be measuring mixed sentiments—both positive and negative—about caregiving. This study examined whether self‐criticism is related to positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) in a way that is different from caregiver strain, and if so, which types of PAC.Methods/DesignThe baseline data of two Alzheimer caregiver intervention studies were merged (N = 225). Based on previous factor analysis, 2 ZBI items formed the self‐criticism measure while 16 ZBI items measured global strain. PAC was assessed by coding caregivers' narratives about positive gains into seven themes (relationship gains, growth, insights, competence/mastery, purpose, emotional rewards, and miscellaneous).ResultsGlobal strain was mildly associated with fewer total PAC, in a way consistent with the literature, and with less competence/mastery. However, self‐criticism was associated with stronger relationship gains and purpose. Younger caregivers reported more relationship gains but less emotional rewards. Longer caregiving duration was associated with more growth, but the reverse was true for chronic illnesses. Additionally, relationship closeness was associated with more emotional rewards, whereas care‐recipient neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment were associated with fewer relationship gains and emotional rewards respectively.ConclusionThinking one is not doing enough may indicate feelings of inadequacy/guilt but may also signal devotion to the relative and a sense of purpose in the caregiving role. Analyzing total burden and PAC scores may obscure the relationships between their components.
Association between white matter microstructure and cognitive function in patients with methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Hu Yang , Wang Qianjin , Yang Zhi , Li Jinguang , Ma Yuejiao , Wu Qiuxia , Chen Shubao , Yang Dong , Hao Yuzhu , Wang Yunfei , Li Manyun , Peng Pu , Liu Tieqiao , Yang Winson Fu Zun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMethamphetamine use disorder (MUD) has been associated with broad neurocognitive impairments. While the cognitive impairments of MUD have been demonstrated, the neuropathological underpinnings remain inadequately understood. To date, the published human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies involving the correlation between diffusion parameters and neurocognitive function in MUD are limited. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the association between cognitive performance and white matter microstructure in patients with MUD. Forty‐five patients with MUD and 43 healthy controls (HCs) completed their demographic information collection, cognitive assessments, and DTI imaging. DTI images were preprocessed to extract fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of various fiber tracts. Univariate tests were used to examine group differences in cognitive assessments and DTI metrics. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between these two metrics. The results revealed that patients with MUD had lower subset scores of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), which reflects five cognitive domains: processing speed, attention, verbal learning, visual learning, problem‐solving. Patients with MUD also had significantly higher AD, MD, and RD values of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus than HCs. Furthermore, the RD value of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus was a significant predictor of processing speed and problem‐solving ability, as shown by the digit‐symbol coding test and NAB‐Mazes scores, respectively. Findings extended our understanding of white matter microstructure that is related to neurocognitive deficits in MUD and provided potential targets for the prevention and treatment of this chronic disorder.
Cilia beating modulated radiating ternary nanofluids flow in a corrugated asymmetric channel with electromagnetohydrodynamic and momentum slip
Authors: Saleem Najma , Munawar Sufian , Tripathi Dharmendra , Afzal Farkhanda , Afzal Deeba 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA mathematical model is presented to study the cilia beating modulated radiated ternary nanofluid flow between two cilia‐carpeted walls propagating with an applicable phase difference to show the asymmetric nature of the pumping. To regulate further the cilia‐based pumping, electroosmosis, and magnetohydrodynamics mechanisms are considered in this model. Ternary nanofluid is considered with TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in pure blood. The momentum slip condition is employed to derive the model solution. Thermal radiation and buoyancy effects are also taken into consideration. Mathematica NDSolve is utilized to simulate the numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles under the influence of the emerging parameters. Moreover, entropy generation and variation in Nusselt and Bejan numbers are computed for better thermal analysis. A comparative thermal analysis for unary, binary, and ternary nanofluids is also made. The results indicate that the trihybrid nanofluid offers an 8.5% increase in the heat transfer rate as compared to the conventional fluid. Furthermore, the Brownian motion is responsible for the enhancement in fluid temperature, while electric double layer thickness helps in increasing heat transfer irreversibility around the channel lower wall. It is found that the total entropy of the system at the channel upper and lower space is minimized in the case of ternary fluid rather than conventional fluid. The promising results of the present model reflect huge applications in biomedical engineering, particularly in designing thermal cilia‐based microfluidic devices.
Central nervous system cholesterol metabolism in health and disease
Authors: Ho Wan Y. , Hartmann Hannelore , Ling Shuo‐Chien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCholesterol is a ubiquitous and essential component of cellular membranes, as it regulates membrane structure and fluidity. Furthermore, cholesterol serves as a precursor for steroid hormones, oxysterol, and bile acids, that are essential for maintaining many of the body's metabolic processes. The biosynthesis and excretion of cholesterol is tightly regulated in order to maintain homeostasis. Although virtually all cells have the capacity to make cholesterol, the liver and brain are the two main organs producing cholesterol in mammals. Once produced, cholesterol is transported in the form of lipoprotein particles to other cell types and tissues. Upon formation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during embryonic development, lipoproteins cannot move between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body. As such, cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism in the CNS operate autonomously without input from the circulation system in normal physiological conditions. Nevertheless, similar regulatory mechanisms for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis are utilized in both the CNS and peripheral systems. Here, we discuss the functions and metabolism of cholesterol in the CNS. We further focus on how different CNS cell types contribute to cholesterol metabolism, and how ApoE, the major CNS apolipoprotein, is involved in normal and pathophysiological functions. Understanding these basic mechanisms will aid our ability to elucidate how CNS cholesterol dysmetabolism contributes to neurogenerative diseases.
Preparation and mechanical optimization of a two‐layer silk/magnesium wires braided porous artificial nerve guidance conduit
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan , Zhang Shujun , Duan Lirong , Yao Ruotong , Yan Yixin , Wang Tian , Wang Jing , Zheng Zhaozhu , Wang Xiaoqin , Li Gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injures have long been a tricky problem in surgery and a feasible treatment is the transplantation of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). This study presents a two‐layer composite NGC with fair mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. The inner layer was made of degummed silk yarns/magnesium wires using braiding technology, and the outer layer was made from mixed solution of silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) using freeze‐drying treatment. Orthogonal experimental design was applied to rationally design the braided structural layer and obtain the optimal combination of technical process parameters. Meanwhile, the SF/CS porous outer layer was optimized from three concentrations of SF/CS solution. In vitro and in vivo study suggested that the textile‐forming scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility and no toxicity. During 4 weeks' degradation, the skeleton of conduits retained its shape, and magnesium ions released from degraded magnesium wires contributed to sustainable release and uniform dispersion, proliferation and adhesion of Schwann cells, indicating potential approach in the development of NGCs.
Teriparatide and Osteosarcoma Risk: History, Science, Elimination of Boxed Warning, and Other Label Updates
Authors: Krege John H , Gilsenan Alicia W , Komacko John L , Kellier‐Steele Nicole 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe phase 3 trials of the bone anabolic drug teriparatide were prematurely terminated because of a preclinical finding of osteosarcoma in rats treated with high doses of teriparatide for near lifetime. Even so, results from these and subsequent clinical trials showed efficacy and tolerability. Based on the phase 3 results and additional preclinical investigations, Forteo (teriparatide) was approved for use in the United States with an indication for the treatment of osteoporosis in patients at high risk for fracture, a boxed warning regarding potential risk of osteosarcoma, a 2‐year lifetime limitation of use, other risk mitigations, and a requirement to assess for risk of osteosarcoma in humans treated with teriparatide. Subsequent investigations included five real‐world studies directed at assessing a connection between teriparatide and osteosarcoma risk in humans. The early studies did not identify an increased risk of osteosarcoma but were inadequate to sufficiently characterize risk, given the low incidence of this rare form of bone cancer. Learning from these efforts, two studies were undertaken using claims data to identify large cohorts of patients treated with teriparatide and assess whether these patients were found to have osteosarcoma by linking pharmacy claims data with data from cancer registries. These studies showed no increase in osteosarcoma in patients using teriparatide compared with unexposed groups, as well as to the expected population‐based background incidence of the disease. Based on this real‐world evidence and the totality of data collected from postmarketing use and other clinical investigations, the label was updated in 2020. The changes included addition of information from large observational studies using real‐world evidence, removal of the boxed warning, and a revision of the 2‐year lifetime limitation. Thus, observational studies with large sample sizes using real‐world data can provide supportive evidence to facilitate regulatory decisions including the elimination of a boxed warning. © 2022 Eli Lilly and Company. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Clinical value of YKL‐40 in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis: A cross‐sectional study and a systematic review
Authors: Cui Beibei , Chen Yuehong , Luo Fengming , Lin Sang , Liu Huan , Huang Yupeng , Zhou Yueyuan , Tian Yunru , Yin Geng , Xie Qibing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe performed a cross‐sectional study to investigate the clinical usefulness of YKL‐40 in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and conducted a systematic review to summarize the clinical value of YKL‐40 in patients with polymyositis (PM)/DM.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study and a systematic review were performed to study the clinical value of YKL‐40 in patients with PM/DM. Serum YKL‐40 level was detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed. In the systematic review, electronic databases of OVID Embase, OVID Medline, and web of science were searched to collect studies that reported clinical use of YKL‐40 in patients with PM/DM.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, serum YKL‐40 level was higher in patients with DM than in healthy controls (median [interquartile range]: 84.09 [52.72–176.4] ng/ml versus 27.37 [12.30–53.58] ng/ml, p < 0.0001). Serum levels of YKL‐40 were associated with the course of DM (r = −0.469, p < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.303, p = 0.043), CK (r = 0.263, p = 0.037), and global disease activity (r = 0.628, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.835 (95% confidence interval 0.751–0.920). In the systematic review, a total of four studies were included with moderate to high quality. Serum level of YKL‐40 has the possibility for diagnosing PM/DM, identifying PM/DM patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) or rapid progress ILD, and predicting death.ConclusionSerum YKL‐40 level is a possible useful biomarker for PM/DM diagnosis and may be used to predict prognosis.
Treatment of different dairy wastewater with Chlorella sorokiniana: removal of pollutants and biomass characterization
Authors: Iliopoulou Athanasia , Zkeri Eirini , Panara Anthi , Dasenaki Marilena , Fountoulakis Michail S , Thomaidis Nikolaos S , Stasinakis Athanasios S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a continuous need for the development of novel processes for the sustainable management of dairy wastewater. The use of microalgae for wastewater decontamination and production of valuable biomass seems a promising alternative; however, limited information currently exists on the chemical characteristics of the biomass cultivated in effluents from the dairy industry. In this paper, experiments were carried out with the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana and different types of dairy effluents (raw dairy wastewater, anaerobically treated dairy wastewater, cheese whey). The collected biomass was characterized for the existence of proteins, starch, lipids, lutein, β‐carotene, polyphenolic compounds and amino acids.RESULTSThe removal of chemical oxygen demand and NH4‐N was higher than 91% and 80%, respectively, for all types of dairy effluents, while the removal of total phosphorus ranged between 20% and 84%. The protein, starch and lipid contents of the microalgal biomass ranged between 28.6% and 52.8%, 10.5% and 13.3%, and 36.8% and 40.2%, respectively. The concentration of lutein increased after treatment, reaching values up to 508 mg kg−1, whereas amino acid concentrations were decreased due to nitrogen inefficiency. The biomass cultivated in anaerobically treated dairy wastewater was characterized by the higher total phenolic content; tyrosol concentration reached 20.2 mg kg−1.CONCLUSIONChlorella sorokiniana can efficiently remove the major pollutants from effluents of dairy industry, while the produced biomass is a source of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Additionally, it contains important amounts of pigments, phenolic compounds and amino acids. Further research is required for the conditions that achieve optimal biochemical characteristics of the produced biomass. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The adsorptive behaviour of electrospun hydrophobic polymers for optimized uptake of estrogenic sex hormones from aqueous media: kinetics, thermodynamics, and reusability study
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh Fahanwi , Šopík Tomáš , Lovecká Lenka , Kimmer Dušan , Sedlařík Vladimír 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstrogenic hormones as micropollutants in water systems cause severe adverse effects on human health and marine life, leading to fatal diseases, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Electrospun polymers have proven high stability and impressive performance in adsorption removal. In this study, electrospun polysulfone (PSU), polyvinylidene fluoride, and polylactic acid were prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier‐transform intrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), surface area measurement X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), and porometry.ResultsNanofibers possess a mean fiber diameter of 149–183 nm and a specific surface area of 1.6–6.3 m2/g. The adsorption efficiency of the simultaneous removal of estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) in a mixed concentration was investigated using high performace liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that spun PSU fibers exhibited the highest removal of all four estrogens, with a maximum removal efficiency of 71.2%, 65.9%, 56.9%, and 36.1% and adsorption capacity of 0.508, 0.703, 0.550, and 0.354 mg/g for E1, EE2, E2, and E3, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption was optimised by varying parameters, such as concentration of adsorbate, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, to statistically analyse one‐way variance using ANOVA. The pseudo‐second‐order is best fitted for E1, EE2, and E2, while the pseudo‐first‐order is best for E3. The Langmuir–Freundlich isothermal model was most suitable for evaluation, and the thermodynamics depicted the adsorption to be exothermic and spontaneous.ConclusionThe results indicate that spun PSU can be an efficient adsorbent in the simultaneous elimination of estrogens from wastewater and it exhibits a high regeneration performance of over 60% after six adsorption–desorption cycles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Using the Pesticide Toxicity Index to show the potential ecosystem benefits of on‐farm biobeds
Authors: Fatema Marufa , Farenhorst Annemieke , Sheedy Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influent and effluent of two single‐cell biobeds (Province of Alberta, Canada) and two dual cell‐biobeds (Province of Saskatchewan, Canada) were monitored during a number of growing seasons. A total of 59 unique pesticide active ingredients were detected, with all biobed influent samples (n = 54) and 93% of effluent samples (n = 54) containing pesticide mixtures. About one‐half of the effluent samples in both single‐cell (56%) and dual‐cell (45%) biobeds contained active ingredients that have Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) values >2.8 and so were more likely to move through the biomatrix materials into effluent. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) calculated for aquatic indicator species (i.e., vascular and nonvascular plants, invertebrates, and fish) was always larger for influent samples (e.g., median PTI >500 for invertebrates in dual‐cell biobed) than effluent samples (i.e., median PTI <1). As such, this study demonstrates the potential ecosystem benefits of the broad adoption of on‐farm biobeds in the Canadian Prairies for recycling tank rinsate as a strategy to accelerate a green economy. Although biobeds were highly effective in reducing the concentrations for pesticides with a wide range of soil organic carbon coefficient and half‐life values, the biobed effectiveness was relatively poor for the herbicides clopyralid, diclofop, fluroxypyr, and imazethapyr. Clopyralid (3.02), fluroxypyr (3.70), and imazethapyr (3.90) all have relatively high GUS values (>2.8) and are thus more likely to be detected in effluent than active ingredients with smaller GUS values. This suggests that further improvements in biosystem design need to be made for optimizing the recycling of these pesticides.