bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of Chinese adult patients with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Honggeng , Lv Lu-xian , Tan Qingrong , Xu Xiufeng , Hu Jian , Zi Lu , Cooper James , Phansalkar Abhay , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lamotrigine is approved as a maintenance therapy for bipolar I disorder in many countries, including China in 2021. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in controlling relapse and/or recurrence of mood episodes in Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder.

Methods
Patients aged ≥ 18 years with bipolar I disorder who met response criteria (Clinical Global Impression–Severity [CGI-S] score of ≤ 3 for ≥ 4 consecutive weeks) during treatment with lamotrigine in a 6–16 week open-label (OL) phase, and who were maintained for ≥ 1 week on lamotrigine 200 mg/day monotherapy, were randomised (1:1) to continue receiving lamotrigine 200 mg/day or switch to placebo in a 36-week randomised double-blind (RD) phase. The primary efficacy outcome measure was time from entry into the RD phase to intervention for relapse and/or recurrence of a mood episode (TIME). Post hoc analyses assessed the impact of OL baseline mood severity on TIME. Safety assessments were conducted throughout the study.

Results
Of 420 patients treated in the OL phase, 264 were randomised to receive lamotrigine (n = 131) or placebo (n = 133). Overall, 112 patients had an intervention for relapse and/or recurrence of a mood episode (lamotrigine, n = 50/130 [38.5%]; placebo, n = 62/133 [46.6%]), with no significant difference in TIME between groups (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.93 [0.64, 1.35]; p = 0.701). Post hoc analyses indicated a significant difference in TIME, favouring lamotrigine over placebo, for patients with baseline CGI-S score ≥ 4 (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.52 [0.30, 0.89]; p = 0.018) and with baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥ 18 or Young Mania Rating Scale ≥ 10 (0.44 [hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.25, 0.78]; p = 0.005). Lamotrigine was well tolerated with no new safety signals.

Conclusions
Lamotrigine was not significantly superior to placebo in preventing relapse and/or recurrence of mood episodes in this study of Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder but post hoc analyses suggested a therapeutic benefit in patients with moderate/severe mood symptoms at baseline. The discrepancy between these findings and the positive findings of the pivotal studies may be attributable to the symptom severity of the bipolar patients recruited, a high dropout rate, and the comparatively short duration of the RD phase rather than race/ethnicity differences.
Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT01602510; 21st May 2012; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01602510.
Enhanced etching characteristics of Si{100} in NaOH-based two-component solution
Authors: Swarnalatha V. , Purohit S. , Pal P. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon wet bulk micromachining is the most widely used technique for the fabrication of diverse microstructures such as cantilevers, cavities, etc. in laboratory as well as in industry for micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) application. Although, increasing the throughput remains inevitable, and can be done by increasing the etching rate. Furthermore, freestanding structure release time can be reduced by the improved undercutting rate at convex corners. In this work, we have investigated the etching characteristics of a non-conventional etchant in the form of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) added sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. This research is focused on Si{100} wafer as this orientation is largely used in the fabrication of planer devices (e.g., complementary metal-oxide semiconductors) and microelectromechanical systems (e.g., inertial sensors). We have performed a systematic and parametric analysis without and with 12% NH2OH in 10 M NaOH for improved etching characteristics such as etch rate, undercutting at convex corners, and etched surface morphology. 3D scanning laser microscope is used to measure average surface roughness (Ra), etch depth (d), and undercutting length (l). Morphology of the etched Si{100} surface is examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The addition of NH2OH in NaOH solution remarkably exhibited a two-fold increment in the etching rate of a Si{100} surface. Furthermore, the addition of NH2OH significantly improves the etched surface morphology and undercutting at convex corners. Undercutting at convex corners is highly prudent for the quick release of microstructures from the substrate. In addition, we have studied the effect of etchant age on etching characteristics. Results presented in this article are of large significance for engineering applications in both academic and industrial laboratories.
Misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case report
Authors: Sikorska Katarzyna , Gesing Marta , Olszański Romuald , Roszko-Wysokińska Anna , Szostakowska Beata , Van Damme-Ostapowicz Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Leishmaniasis is a widespread disease in tropical and subtropical countries, except for Australia and Oceania. In Poland, tourists, migrants and travellers from leishmaniasis-endemic countries may carry Leishmania.

Case presentation
We present a case of undiagnosed cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient who received many weeks of inadequate antibiotic treatment. Ulceration in the right submandibular region was thought to be a purulent complication after laser surgery. Six weeks before the ulcer developed, the patient had visited the jungle (Guatemala). Cutaneous leishmaniasis was finally diagnosed after nine months based on a proper history and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Treatment with antimony derivatives was administered. After three months, the ulcer healed but left a scar.

Conclusion
A lack of knowledge about tropical diseases among doctors and an incomplete medical history were the reasons for many weeks of erroneous treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with antibiotics. This is the first reported case of cutaneous leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as a complication after an aesthetic medical procedure.
A corpus-based study of a Chinese-speaking child’s acquisition of English transferred negation
Authors: Dai Huiqin , Wen Xu , Wen Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNative speakers of English have a strong preference for transferred negation as opposed to non-transferred negation. The present study aims to examine whether young Chinese-speaking ESL learners have a target-like preference for transferred negation and whether they have a system-wide representation of transferred negation in their early English development. Based on the corpora compiled with longitudinal data of a Chinese-speaking child learning English as a second language, the present study analyzed the child’s collocation of matrix verbs with transferred negation and non-transferred negation, the distribution of matrix verbs in transferred negation, and the distribution of negation types in terms of different matrix verbs. The findings show that the verb THINK predominates the matrix verbs of the child’s transferred negation. The imbalanced distribution of matrix verbs in his transferred negation is related to the skewed input of verbs. In sentences with the matrix verb THINK, the child has a target-like preference for transferred negation as opposed to non-transferred negation. However, he does not show a target-like preference for transferred negation in sentences with the matrix verb LOOK LIKE. Hence, we argue that young ESL learners’ generalizations about constructions are focused around particular verbs that occur frequently in those constructions. Young ESL learners do not have an abstract system-wide representation at the earliest stage of second language acquisition. Instead, their ESL acquisition is based on specific verbs.
The compatibility of new blood pressure reference values for Korean children and adolescents with the US reference: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension
Authors: Kim Sung Hye , Song Young Hwan , An Hyo Soon , Shin Jae Il , Oh Jin-Hee , Lee Jung Won , Kim Seong Heon , Kim Hae Soon , Shin Hye-Jung , Ha Il-Soo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood hypertension is associated with hypertension and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Since the definition of childhood hypertension is based on the distribution of normative blood pressure (BP), a reference range is essential to create hypertension guidelines for children. We aimed to investigate the compatibility of the new Korean BP reference with the United States (US) BP reference based on the 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline.

Methods
We compared the new Korean reference BP values for children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years with those in the 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines. We also analyzed the differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Korean children and adolescents when reference value was applied. Considering Korean and US BP references together, linear trend lines were sought.

Results
Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values in 95th percentiles showed no significant differences between the two BP references. Applying the two reference values, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of elevated BP and a combination of elevated BP and hypertension. Combining the Korean and US BP values and plotting them against age, approximate lines for the 90th and 95th SBP and DBP percentiles were observed.

Conclusions
The BP values of the new Korean BP reference were similar to those of the US BP reference; they were reliable and interchangeable.
The role of physical activity promoting thinking skills and emotional behavior of preschool children
Authors: Wang Changwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Physical activity is critical, not only for the normal growth and development of children, but also for emotional and social behavior. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between physical education and social and emotional development of preschool children.

Methods
The study involved 366 children (188 boys and 178 girls) at the ages of 5 (N = 191) and 6 (N = 174), who study in public kindergartens in Beijing (China). Within 3 months, additional physical education and fitness classes were held. Before and after the study, a test was conducted: Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), which was completed by the parents. The research process did not affect the performance or development of children participants.

Results
As a result of the study, the main regularities of the influence of physical education on social and emotional behavior of children were established. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that there is a positive correlation between age, physical education, and social-emotional behavior (r +—= 0.668).

Conclusion
Gender differences are not statistically significant when it comes to physical activity’s effect on social and emotional behavior (p-value = 0.004). The results can be applied to programs for the prevention of psychosocial and social-emotional development delays of children in kindergartens.
Current diagnosis and treatment practice of central retinal artery occlusion: results from a survey among German stroke units
Authors: Hoyer Carolin , Winzer Simon , Matthé Egbert , Heinle Ida , Sandikci Vesile , Nabavi Darius , Platten Michael , Puetz Volker , Szabo Kristina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a neuro-ophthalmological emergency whose optimal management is still under debate and due to the absence of definite guidelines, practice is expected to vary. We aimed to characterize early evaluation as well as acute treatment and diagnostic approaches in German hospitals with a stroke unit (SU).

Methods
In 07/2021, all 335 certified German SUs were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey endorsed by the German Stroke Society on emergency department care organization, diagnostic procedures, and treatment of patients with unilateral vision loss (UVL) subsequently diagnosed with CRAO.

Results
One hundred and sixty-three (48.6%) of the 335 eligible centers responded. Most (117/135; 86.7%) stated that UVL patients were treated as an emergency, in 62/138 (44.9%) hospitals according to specific guidelines. First-line evaluation was performed by neurologists in 85/136 (62.5%) hospitals, by ophthalmologists in 43/136 (31.6%) hospitals. Seventy of 135 (51.9%) respondents indicated a lack of on-site ophthalmological expertise. Seventy-four of 129 (57.4%) respondents performed thrombolysis in CRAO and 92/97 (94.8%) stated that patients with CRAO–if admitted to neurology–were treated on a SU.

Conclusions
Our findings reflect notable heterogeneity in early intrahospital care of CRAO in German SUs but demonstrate a preference for work-up and management as acute stroke by the involved neurologists. Streamlining interdisciplinary emergency evaluation is essential for ongoing and future prospective trials.
Long-term follow-up of patients with drug-related atrioventricular block without a need of permanent pacemaker during index hospitalization
Authors: Parsova Kemal Emrecan , Hayiroglu Mert Ilker , Pay Levent , Cinier Goksel , Gurkan Kadir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Most of the patients hospitalized due to drug-related atrioventricular (AV) block do not require permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) since AV block regresses following cessation of the responsible drug. However, AV block requiring PPI may relapse in long-term follow-up. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the factors predicting the need for a PPI in the long-term follow-up in patients admitted to our hospital with drug-related AV block but did not require PPI in index hospitalization.

Results
We evaluated 177 patients who had been hospitalized with drug-related AV block between January 2012 and July 2020 and who had not required PPI during hospital follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether PPI was performed or not. The independent predictors of long-term PPI were evaluated and the effect of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the patients during the index hospitalization on the long-term outcome was compared. A GFR above 60 ml/min is an independent significant risk factor in predicting long-term permanent pacemaker implantation in drug-related AV blocks. It is found that the need for PPI was 2.64 times higher without adjusted and 1.9 times higher with adjusted for all covariates in patients with GFR above 60 ml/min during hospitalization compared to those with GFR below 30 ml/min.

Conclusions
GFR may be considered as an indicator of the PPI need in patients with drug-related atrioventricular AV block.
Intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage due to rupture of aneurysm in infants: report of two cases
Authors: Rubio Atienza Yolanda , Ibiza Palacios Emilio , del Peral Samaniego Maria Pilar , Álvarez Montañana Pablo , Molina Corbacho Maria , Modesto i Alapont Vicent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cerebral or brain hemorrhage due to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms is extremely rare in pediatric population. The aim of our work is to describe two cases in children and to review the existent bibliography about this issue.

Case presentation
Both of our patients presented with nonspecific symptoms and subsequent neurological deficit. The brain imaging test revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In both cases, the aneurysm was located at the distal portion of the middle cerebral artery. Surgical intervention was needed, clipping the aneurysm due to the impossibility of intravascular embolization. After the surgery, one patient presented with persistent hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage, requiring the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Over time, the child presented with refractory epilepsy compatible with West syndrome. The second patient did not present postoperative complications but died suddenly 2 months after.

Conclusions
Our two patients presented with a middle cerebral artery aneurysm at the distal level, which seems to be the most frequent location according to literature. The correct diagnosis can be delayed because of the nonspecific initial symptoms, as occurred in one of our patients with a delay of 3 days from the onset of symptoms. In both patients, surgical treatment was preferred over endovascular treatment, due to the anatomical characteristics of the aneurysm and the patient’s age.
Torpid evolution is also described, with one of our patients dying at 2 months, probably due to rebleeding, and the other suffering right hemiparesis and epilepsy compatible with West syndrome.
Comparison of Hormonal Response to a Mixed-Meal Challenge in Hypoglycemia After Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Gastric Bypass
Authors: Lee Clare J , Clark Jeanne M , Egan Josephine M , Carlson Olga D , Schweitzer Michael , Langan Susan , Brown Todd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Exaggerated postprandial incretin and insulin responses are well documented in postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia (PBH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, less is known about PBH after sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Objective
We sought to compare meal-stimulated hormonal response in those with PBH after SG vs RYGB.

Methods
We enrolled 23 post-SG (12 with and 11 without PBH) and 20 post-RYGB (7 with and 13 without PBH) individuals who underwent bariatric surgery at our institution. PBH was defined as plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL on 4-hour mixed-meal tolerance test (MTT). Islet and incretin hormones were compared across the 4 groups.

Results
Participants (N = 43) were on average 5 years post surgery, with a mean age of 48 years, mean preoperative body mass index of 48.4, 81% female, 61% White, and 53% post SG. Regardless of PBH, the SG group showed lower glucose, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to MTT and similar insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses compared to the RYGB group. Among those with PBH, the SG group following the MTT showed a lower peak glucose (P = .02), a similar peak insulin (90.3 mU/L vs 171mU/L; P = .18), lower glucagon (P &lt; .01), early GLP-1 response (AUC0-60 min; P = .01), and slower time to peak GIP (P = .02) compared to PBH after RYGB.

Conclusion
Among individuals with PBH, those who underwent SG were significantly different compared to RYGB in meal-stimulated hormonal responses, including lower glucagon and GLP-1 responses, but similar insulin and GIP responses. Future studies are needed to better understand the differential contribution of insulin and non–insulin-mediated mechanisms behind PBH after SG vs RYGB.
Prevalence of Postoperatively Detected High-risk Features in 2- to 4-cm Papillary Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Choi Jee-Hye , Lee Ja Kyung , Kim Woochul , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Su-jin , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContextThe 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines proposed thyroid lobectomy as an acceptable option for 1- to 4-cm papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) without extrathyroidal extension (ETE) or lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, high-risk features are often detected postoperatively, even in tumors that are considered low risk on preoperative workup. A continued evaluation is necessary to determine the optimal treatment strategies.ObjectiveWe examined the frequency of preoperatively and postoperatively detected high-risk features in 2- to 4-cm PTCs to assess the appropriate surgical extent.MethodsAll patients who underwent a thyroid surgery between 2015 and 2020 with a final diagnosis of 2- to 4-cm PTC were selected. Demographics, preoperative findings, perioperative course, and surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOf the entire study cohort (N = 424), 244 (57.5%) patients had at least 1 of the following high-risk features: gross ETE (18.6%), distant metastasis (1.2%), &gt;3 LN involvement with extranodal extension (24.8%), any LN &gt; 3 cm (0.5%), positive margin (13.2%), TERT mutation (2.6%), vascular invasion (10.8%), cN1 disease (28.5%), and &gt; 5 LN involvement (30.4%). Two hundred patients had neither ETE nor LN metastasis on preoperative imaging, but 62/200 (31.0%) were found to have at least 1 of the aforementioned high-risk features on final pathology. Preoperative imaging had sensitivities of 75.9% and 44.4% for detecting gross ETE and LN metastasis, respectively.ConclusionA significant portion of patients with 2- to 4-cm PTCs, including those who preoperatively met the criteria for lobectomy, were found to have high-risk features on final pathology. Careful patient selection and appropriate counseling are necessary when considering lobectomy for tumors greater than 2 cm.
The Mnemonomics of Contractual Screening
Authors: Guo Liang 
Published: August 2022

In many markets, buyers sign advance contracts before actual decisions on transactions or consumptions are made. Therefore, a buyer may have private information on expected payoff at the contracting stage, and as time moves on, new information on other components of payoff may arrive. However, prior information can be losable, forgettable, or unattended. In this paper, we investigate how limited memory may influence the optimal design of contracts for sequential screening. Despite memory loss, the buyer can make ex post inference about her initially informed type from the chosen contract. As ex ante screening facilitates subsequent retrospection, the chosen contract can serve as a self-reminding instrument. This would yield an endogenous demand for separation in ex ante contract choice. In response, distortions in the optimal contract design can be either mitigated or intensified, leading to improved or undermined social welfare, respectively. As a result, the equilibrium buyer surplus can be higher than that under perfect memory. We also show that the buyer can exhibit the so-called flat-rate bias, even though her preference is time consistent and perfectly predicted. In addition, as memory can be perfectly recovered from the equilibrium contract choice, investing on any other memory-improving instrument is redundant. Moreover, the buyer’s demand for screening can induce her to choose dominated refund contract. Nevertheless, when dominance must be obeyed, the seller may offer a menu of refund contracts with two-way distortions. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. Funding: The financial support offered by the Hong Kong RGC General Research Fund [Grant 14500519] is acknowledged.