bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Detection of Gadodiamide Brain Retention in Rats Using Quantitative T2 Mapping and Intraperitoneal Administration
Authors: Liachenko Serguei M. , Sadovova Natalya V. , Tripp Arnold , Ghorai Suman , Patri Anil K. , Hanig Joseph P. , Cohen Jonathan E. , Krefting Ira 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCurrently, the gadolinium retention in the brain after the use of contrast agents is studied by T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1w) and T1 mapping. The former does not provide easily quantifiable data and the latter requires prolonged scanning and is sensitive to motion. T2 mapping may provide an alternative approach. Animal studies of gadolinium retention are complicated by repeated intravenous (IV) dosing, whereas intraperitoneal (IP) injections might be sufficient.HypothesisT2 mapping will detect the changes in the rat brain due to gadolinium retention, and IP administration is equivalent to IV for long‐term studies.Study TypeProspective longitudinal.Animal ModelA total of 31 Sprague–Dawley rats administered gadodiamide IV (N = 8) or IP (N = 8), or saline IV (N = 6) or IP (N = 9) 4 days per week for 5 weeks.Field strength/sequencesA 7 T, T1w, and T2 mapping.AssessmentT2 relaxation and image intensities in the deep cerebellar nuclei were measured pre‐treatment and weekly for 5 weeks. Then brains were assessed for neuropathology (N = 4) or gadolinium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS, N = 12).Statistical testsRepeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls tests and Hedges' effect size.ResultsGadolinium was detected by both approaches; however, T2 mapping was more sensitive (effect size 2.32 for T2 vs. 0.95 for T1w), and earlier detection (week 3 for T2 vs. week 4 for T1w). ICP‐MS confirmed the presence of gadolinium (3.076 ± 0.909 nmol/g in the IV group and 3.948 ± 0.806 nmol/g in the IP group). There was no significant difference between IP and IV groups (ICP‐MS, P = 0.109; MRI, P = 0.696). No histopathological abnormalities were detected in any studied animal.ConclusionT2 relaxometry detects gadolinium retention in the rat brain after multiple doses of gadodiamide irrespective of the route of administration.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
PulmonaryMRIand Cluster Analysis Help Identify Novel Asthma Phenotypes
Authors: Eddy Rachel L. , McIntosh Marrissa J. , Matheson Alexander M. , McCormack David G. , Licskai Christopher , Parraga Grace 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOutside eosinophilia, current clinical asthma phenotypes do not show strong relationships with disease pathogenesis or treatment responses. While chest x‐ray computed tomography (CT) phenotypes have previously been explored, functional MRI measurements provide complementary phenotypic information.PurposeTo derive novel data‐driven asthma phenotypic clusters using functional MRI airway biomarkers that better describe airway pathologies in patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 45 patients with asthma who underwent post‐bronchodilator129Xe MRI, volume‐matched CT, spirometry and plethysmography within a 90‐minute visit.Field Strength/SequenceThree‐dimensional gradient‐recalled echo129Xe ventilation sequence at 3 T.AssessmentWe measured MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP), CT airway wall‐area percent (WA%), wall‐thickness (WT, WT* [*normalized for age/sex/height]), lumen‐area (LA), lumen‐diameter (D, D*) and total airway count (TAC). Univariate relationships were utilized to select variables for k‐means cluster analysis and phenotypic subgroup generation. Spirometry and plethysmography measurements were compared across imaging‐based clusters.Statistical TestsSpearman correlation (ρ), one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, significance level 0.05.ResultsBased on limited common variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin‐measure = 0.44), four unique clusters were generated using MRI VDP, TAC, WT* and D* (52 ± 14 years, 27 female). Imaging measurements were significantly different across clusters as was the forced expiratory volume in 1‐second (FEV1%pred), residual volume/total lung capacity and airways resistance. Asthma‐control (P = 0.9), quality‐of‐life scores (P = 0.7) and the proportions of severe‐asthma (P = 0.4) were not significantly different. Cluster1 (n = 15/8 female) reflected mildly abnormal CT airway measurements and FEV1with moderately abnormal VDP. Cluster2 (n = 12/12 female) reflected moderately abnormal TAC, WT and FEV1. In Cluster3 and Cluster4 (n = 14/6 female,n = 4/1 female, respectively), there was severely reduced TAC, D and FEV1, but Cluster4 also had significantly worse, severely abnormal VDP (7 ± 5% vs. 41 ± 12%).Data ConclusionWe generated four proof‐of‐concept MRI‐derived clusters of asthma with distinct structure–function pathologies. Cluster analysis of asthma using129Xe MRI in combination with CT biomarkers is feasible and may challenge currently used paradigms for asthma phenotyping and treatment decisions.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage
Short and mid‐term SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients
Authors: Dheir Hamad , Tocoglu Aysel , Toptan Hande , Pinar Musa , Demirci Taner , Koroglu Mehmet , Yaylaci Selcuk , Genc Ahmed Bilal , Genc Ahmed Cihad , Firat Necattin , Karabay Oguz , Sipahi Savas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccine has not been fully elucidated across the whole spectrum of patients on kidney replacement therapy. We aimed to characterize the long‐term antibody response of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine administered in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. We performed this prospective observational study in 50 HD, 64 KTR, and 41 healthy control groups (HG) given two doses of CoronaVac. We measured anti‐Spike antibodies after 28 days of every vaccine dose, 3rd and 6th months after the first dose, and compared them between cohorts. After two doses, an anti‐spike immunoglobulin G of ≥50 AU/ml was present in HD, KTR, and HG as 44%, 7.2%, and 58.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of antibody titers peaked at 86.5%, 23%, and 97.6% (p < 0.001) at the 3rd month and decreased significantly at the 6th month in most HD and HG participants, whereas this effect was not observed in KTRs from basal until the 6th month (p < 0.001). During the follow‐up, the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 disease was higher (p < 0.003) in KTRs compared to the other groups, but there was no requirement for an intensive care unit and no death was recorded. We found a negative correlation between antibody seroconversion and age (p < 0.016). The antibody response following inactivated vaccine in dialysis patients is almost comparable to controls for 6 months. In contrast, kidney transplant patients have a poor response. These findings reinforce the need to discuss the vaccination strategy in immunocompromised patients, including the third dose with homologous or heterologous vaccines.
Hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant for high‐risk HPV: Insight into the mechanism of action
Authors: Robins Lori I. , Clark Andrew , Gafken Philip R. , Alam Samina , Milici Janice , Hassan Reem , Wang Che‐Yen , Williams Jeffrey , Meyers Craig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedical instruments that are not autoclavable but may become contaminated with high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) during use must be thoroughly disinfected to avoid the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of infection. There is an expectation that prolonged soaking of instruments in the United States Food and Drug Administration‐cleared chemical disinfectant solutions will result in high‐level decontamination, but HPV16 and HPV18 are known to be resistant to commonly used formulations. However, they are susceptible to a variety of oxidative agents, including those based on chlorine. Here, we tested the efficacy of homogeneous hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions against mature infectious virions of HPV16 and HPV18 dried onto butadiene styrene coupons and ultrasonic probes. Both viruses were inactivated to >4 log reduction value (LRV) after 15 s on coupons and 5 min on ultrasonic probes. Morphologic changes became evident within those contact times by transmission electron microscopy when HPV16 virus‐like particles were exposed to HOCl under identical conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of trypsin‐digested products of L1 capsid proteins exposed to HOCl showed that mostly conserved residues were modified by oxidation and that these changes rapidly lead to instability of the protein demonstrable on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Modifications to these residues may contribute to rapid virus inactivation. The use of homogeneous HOCl solutions for HPV decontamination provides a highly effective means of assuring the safety of nonautoclavable medical instruments.
Has substantial sea ice loss along the Siberian coast contributed to the 2020/2021 winter cold wave in China?
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Liu Jiping , Cheng Xiao , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Li Hua , Lu Riyu , Hu Yongyun , Chen Zhuoqi , Braesicke Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn winter 2020/2021, several episodes of cold air outbreaks have wreaked havoc across much of China, resulting in exceptionally low temperatures over northern‐to‐southeastern China. Our analysis shows that the anomalous circulation leading to the cold wave in China was characterized as: (a) a strengthening of the Siberian high, (b) a deepening of the East Asian trough, and (c) a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex. Prior to the winter, in summer and autumn, the largest sea ice loss along the Siberian coast was observed. We therefore address the question whether the substantial sea ice loss has contributed to the cold wave. First, applying singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, we find strong coherence between the autumn Arctic sea ice coverage and temperatures over the central‐to‐east Asian region with the sea ice component (SVD1_SIC) reaching a record high in 2020 and displaying a decadal shift around 2005. Associated with both the interannual and decadal variations of the SVD1_SIC, there are similar circulation anomalies as described in (a), (b) and (c) above. Second, applying self‐organizing maps, wintertime daily air temperatures are clustered into nine nodes with Node‐1 mostly resembling “warm Arctic, cold Eurasia” pattern. The frequency of Node‐1 shows a similar decadal shift as observed in SVD_SIC1 above, with a correlation of about 0.56. Associated with Node‐1, the circulation anomalies are consistent with features highlighted in (a), (b) and (c) above. Thus, taking all the evidence into account, we conclude that the substantial sea ice loss along the Siberian coast contributed significantly to the 2020/2021 winter cold wave in China. The mechanism behind the contribution in this study highlights that the Arctic sea ice loss is favourable for certain circulation patterns on climate timescale, reinforcing disruptive chain of reactions on weather timescale, and leading to severe cold events.
Laser‐induced heating of porous Ge layers implanted with Ag+ and Cu+ ions
Authors: Sharafutdinova Alfia M. , Pavlikov Alexander V. , Rogov Alexey M. , Bokova‐Sirosh Sofya N. , Obraztsova Elena D. , Stepanov Andrey L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPorous Ge layers consisting of nanowires were formed by low‐energy high‐dose implantation of monocrystalline c‐Ge substrate with Ag+ and Cu+ ions. The obtained layers were studied by Raman spectroscopy using solid‐state and He‐Ne exciting lasers with wavelength of 532 and 633 nm, respectively. The crystalline volume fraction and local temperature of porous layers at the surface sites of laser probing were determined. To interpret the change in the shape of the spectra under the action of laser radiation, deconvolution into amorphous and nanocrystalline components was carried out. Analysis of the spectral line shape made it possible to estimate the crystalline and amorphous volume fractions. The quantum confinement model for Ge nanocrystallites was taken into account for accurate estimations of volume fractions. These estimates showed that the implanted amorphous layers of all samples were locally crystallized with a solid‐state laser. He‐Ne laser excitation resulted in partial crystallization only for layers obtained by Cu+ ion implantation. The measured ratio of the Stokes to anti‐Stokes components demonstrated that the porous layers obtained by implanting Ag+ ion were not heated by a He‐Ne laser and according to the analysis of spectral lines, the crystalline volume fraction did not appear in these layers during probing. The results obtained are explained by the difference in the penetration depth for various samples of the exciting radiation.
Electronic states and vibrational structures of sym‐ and unsym‐Co3(dipyridylamine)4Cl2 using temperature‐controlled Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Chen‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Hao , Huang Pei‐Fang , Yang Hsueh‐Han , Cheng Ming‐Chuan , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chen I‐Chia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe employed temperature‐controlled Raman spectroscopy to obtain the vibrational structures of the linear tricobalt metal‐string complex Co3(dpa)4Cl2 (dpa = di(2‐pyridyl) amide) and to identify its low‐lying electronic states. The density functional theory (DFT) method B3LYP*‐D3 was used to obtain the molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, and electronic levels of varied spin states. Co3(dpa)4Cl2 has sym‐ and unsym‐forms of Co–Co metal bonding. The Raman intensities of pyridyl breathing bands appeared to be sensitive to the coordinated Co atom and hence could be used to identify both forms. In s‐Co3 crystal, the split pyridyl Raman breathing bands indicated both symmetric and unsymmetric forms. This is explained that the molecule populated both the 2A2 (the ground state) and possibly 2B (reduced symmetry of 2E) states even at 77 K. The 2B state is coupled to the 4B state, which has an unsymmetric Co–Co bond. As the temperature increased to 423 K, the intensity of the low‐wavenumber pyridyl breathing band further increased and was attributed to the 4B state. At 77–323 K, the Raman spectra of u‐Co3 crystal populated mostly in the 4B state. From the SERS measurements, the samples were prepared in solution phase, and u‐Co3 displayed spectral behavior similar to that of s‐Co3, implying that the global minimal geometry is a symmetric form.
Graphical Representation of Overlap for OVErviews: GROOVE tool
Authors: Bracchiglione Javier , Meza Nicolás , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Niño de Guzmán Ena , Urrútia Gerard , Bonfill Xavier , Madrid Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOverlap of primary studies among systematic reviews (SRs) is one of the main methodological challenges when conducting overviews. If not assessed properly, overlapped primary studies may mislead findings, since they may have a major influence either in qualitative analyses or in statistical weight. Moreover, overlapping SRs may represent the existence of duplicated efforts. Matrices of evidence and the calculation of the overall corrected covered area (CCA) are appropriate methods to address this issue, but they seem to be not comprehensive enough. In this article we present Graphical Representation of Overlap for OVErviews (GROOVE), an easy‐to‐use tool for overview authors. Starting from a matrix of evidence, GROOVE provides the number of included primary studies and SRs included in the matrix; the absolute number of overlapped and non‐overlapped primary studies; and an overall CCA assessment. The tool also provides a detailed CCA assessment for each possible pair of SRs (or “nodes”), with a graphical and easy‐to‐read representation of these results. Additionally, it includes an advanced optional usage, incorporating structural missingness in the matrix. In this article, we show the details about how to use GROOVE, what results it achieves and how the tool obtains these results. GROOVE is intended to improve the overlap assessment by making it easier, faster, and more friendly for both authors and readers. The tool is freely available at http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/U2MS4 and https://es.cochrane.org/es/groovetool
Pleiotropic cancer manifestations of germline CDH1 mutations: Risks and management
Authors: Corso Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGermline CDH1 defects are related with the development of multiple cancers due its pleiotropic nature. These several conditions are associated with various risks of penetrance and with different clinical management strategies. In this clinical review, we described the penetrance risks of gastric, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers, in CDH1 carriers, within as well as outside the familial setting, and the best approaches to manage each risk, using either prophylactic surgery or surveillance.
Less dropout from prolonged exposure sessions prescribed at least twice weekly: A meta‐analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Levinson Daniel B. , Halverson Tate F. , Wilson Sarah M. , Fu Rongwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTrauma‐focused psychotherapies, such as prolonged exposure (PE), are strongly recommended to treat posttraumatic stress disorder due to their effects in reducing symptoms. However, such therapies may also suffer from high dropout rates. To investigate how clients might benefit from trauma‐focused therapy while minimizing dropout, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 1,508 adults from 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient PE programs to evaluate treatment frequency as a predictor of dropout. When an RCT prescribed PE sessions at least twice weekly compared to less frequently, the dropout rate was significantly lower at 21.0%, 95% CI [13.9%, 30.4%], compared to 34.0%, 95% CI [28.9%, 39.4%], OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.30, 0.89], p = .018. It was not possible to draw causal conclusions, as only one RCT compared two PE treatment frequencies head‐to‐head. Nonetheless, the findings remained significant after controlling for study characteristics. These data invite reconsideration of the common practice of weekly psychotherapy in favor of twice‐weekly sessions in standard outpatient treatment.
Validation of the aMAP score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in a cohort of alcohol‐related cirrhosis patients
Authors: Liu Ken , Yip Terry C. F. , Masson Steven , Fateen Waleed , Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Morgan Timothy R. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Seth Devanshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe aMAP score was recently devised to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, its performance was not tested in alcohol‐related cirrhosis (ALC). We aimed to validate the aMAP score in a cohort of ALC patients.MethodStudy participants with ALC from a prior genome‐wide association study were included. All participants had a history of high alcohol consumption. Cirrhosis was defined clinically, using fibroscan and/or histology. Patients were followed until the last liver imaging, HCC, liver transplantation (LT) or death with the latter two adjusted as competing risks.ResultsA total of 269 ALC patients were included: male (72.5%), Caucasian (98.9%), median age 56 years, and median Child‐Pugh score 7. The median aMAP score was 60: 12.3% low‐risk, 35.3% medium‐risk and 52.4% high‐risk. After a median follow‐up of 41 months, 14 patients developed HCC, 27 received LT and 104 died. The aMAP score predicted HCC development (hazard ratio 1.12 per point increase, P < .001) with good separation of cumulative incidence function between risk groups. The area under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics curve for predicting HCC development was 0.83 at 1 year and 0.82 at 5 years which was similar to ADRESS‐HCC and Veterans Affairs Healthcare System scores respectively.ConclusionsWe validated the excellent performance of the aMAP score in ALC and affirm its applicability across wider aetiologies.
Accurate spectrophotometric pH measurements made directly in the sample bottle using an aggregated dye perturbation approach
Authors: Takeshita Yuichiro , Mertz Keaton L. , Norgaard Addie , Gray Sara , Verburg Maddie H. , Bockmon Emily E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpectrophotometric pH measurements of seawater (pHspec) are routinely made by the oceanographic community for a wide variety of studies. However, obtaining consistent measurements between laboratories that meet stringent thresholds such as the “weather” (± 0.02) and “climate” (± 0.003) standards, has been a challenge. One of the main sources of error for pHspec measurements is gas exchange of carbon dioxide during sample handling. Here, we present a simple method where pHspec measurements on the total scale are made directly in the sampling bottle, which minimizes sample handling errors because the solution is not transferred during analysis. We compared the performance of this method to a standard automated benchtop system on a hydrography cruise, and the two methods were consistent to 0.003 ± 0.0033 (1σ). This demonstrates that this simple method can produce pHspec that approaches climate quality, and comfortably meets weather quality standards. Additional benefits include high sample throughput, and the ability to rapidly quantify dye perturbation effects for each sample. The latter should be particularly useful for low salinity samples such as those taken from estuaries, insofar as modifications specific to the pHspec measurements of estuarine waters are employed.
Simulated rain exposures can mimic long‐term metal runoff at atmospheric conditions—A case study on naturally and prepatinated zinc sheet
Authors: Herting Gunilla , Saarimaa Ville , Heydari Golrokh , Kaleva Aaretti , Sundell Per‐Erik , Odnevall Inger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShort‐ and long‐term zinc runoff are studied at field and laboratory conditions to show that a laboratory setup can simulate field conditions and to investigate how prepatination influences the zinc runoff process. Results from four differently patinated zinc surfaces exposed at laboratory conditions, seven consecutive individual 4‐h rain events, and exposure at field conditions for 2 years show that the laboratory setup does simulate field conditions provided that the limitations of the laboratory are considered. It is also determined through corrosion product characterization that denser established corrosion products (patina) have a lower runoff than bulky porous or newly formed corrosion products.
Effect of Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire on the Mechanical Properties of SSBR/BR Blend
Authors: Zhang Guojie , Zhang Yong , Wang Shifeng , Jiang Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPyrolysis carbon black (PCB) is a main product during the pyrolysis of waste tires. Using PCB to partially replace carbon black has drawn great attention. Herein, PCB is used to replace commercial carbon black N234 in a solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/silica compound used for tire treads. The influence of liquid polyisoprene (LIR) on the SSBR/BR/silica compound is studied. The scorch time of the compound is prolonged and the curing rate increases when N234 is partially replaced by PCB, and the processing performance of the compound is improved after the addition of LIR. As N234 is partially replaced by PCB, the addition of LIR can increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizates, and improve their ageing resistance. When 50% N234 is replaced by PCB in the presence of LIR, the rolling resistance and wet grip of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizate are improved, while the abrasion resistance slightly decreased. In the presence of liquid polyisoprene, PCB can be successfully used to partially replace common carbon black in tire rubber compounds without compromising properties.