bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Sediment Gravity Flow Triggered by Wave-Induced Liquefaction on a Sloping Silty Seabed: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Yu Heyu , Liu Xiaolei , Lu Yang , Li Weijia , Gao Han , Wu Ruoyu , Li Xingyu 
Published: May 2022

The sloping silty sediments in estuarine deltas are frequently affected by extreme storms, and they are prone to liquefaction instability. The unstable liquefied sediments of the slopes can subsequently form a sediment gravity flow (SGF), which can seriously endanger offshore engineering facilities. To better understand the characteristics and mechanism of wave-induced liquefied sediment gravity flow (WILSGF), a flume experiment was conducted to reproduce the formation, movement, and deposition processes of the WILSGF and analyze their controlling factors using natural silty sediment samples collected from the Yellow River Delta in China. The results show that the mass of the WILSGF comes from the sediment in the liquefied layer, and the movement of the WILSGF in these experiments was significantly affected by the wave orbital velocity and the relative outflow position. At the initial stage of the formation of the WILSGF, the phase and amplitude of the WILSGF were the same as those of waves, and the maximum velocity of the WILSGF reached 2.39 cm/s. The velocity of the WILSGF decreased continuously with the downward evolution of the liquefaction interface. When the liquefaction depth reached its maximum value, there was no WILSGF. We also found that the median particle size of the WILSGF was greater than that of the original seabed due to wave-induced seabed coarsening and the intrusion of ambient water. This study has guiding significance for in-depth understanding and prediction of the geological hazards caused by WILSGF.
Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated With Hyperandrogenemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shan Chang , Zhu Yu-chen , Yu Jie , Zhang Yi , Wang Yu-ying , Lu Nan , Cai Jie , Liu Wei , Tao Tao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests a link between vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, whether vitamin D is related to hyperandrogenemia in PCOS is still inconclusive. The aim of our study is to elucidate the relationship between vitamin D and hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS in China.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including 625 Chinese women with PCOS and 217 controls from January 2016 to June 2020. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters related to 25(OH)D, sex steroids, glucose and lipid profiles were measured.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were lower in women with PCOS than controls (33.99 ± 15.05 vs 36.58 ± 16.49 nmol/L, P = 0.034), especially lower in hyperandrogenic women with PCOS (32.79 ± 14.24 vs 36.21 ± 16.27 nmol/L, P = 0.007). Higher 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with lower risks of hyperandrogenemia after adjusting demographic, metabolic and hormonal confounders (OR = 0.982, 95% CI: 0.969 - 0.995, P = 0.006). Consistent results were observed in subgroup analyses. Among PCOS women with vitamin D deficiency, females with age ≥ 26 years had lower risks of hyperandrogenemia (OR = 0.611, 95% CI = 0.389 - 0.958, P = 0.032), while overweight patients had higher risks of hyperandrogenemia (OR = 2.202, 95% CI = 1.130 - 4.293, P = 0.020) after adjusting multiple confounders.ConclusionsOur study reported lower vitamin D levels in Chinese women with PCOS, especially in those with hyperandrogenemia. An independent negative correlation between 25(OH)D and hyperandrogenemia was noted in PCOS. For PCOS women with vitamin D deficiency, females that have higher BMI with age &lt; 26 years may be prioritized for hyperandrogenemia assessment.
Immune Infiltration Characteristics and a Gene Prognostic Signature Associated With the Immune Infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Chunmei , Wu Qiuji , Yang Ningning , Zheng Zhewen , Zhou Fuxiang , Zhou Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

Background: Immunotherapy has become the new standard of care for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and PD-L1 is a widely used biomarker for immunotherapeutic response. However, PD-L1 expression in most cancer patients is low, and alternative biomarkers used to screen the population benefiting from immunotherapy are still being explored. Tumor microenvironment (TME), especially tumor immune-infiltrating cells, regulates the body’s immunity, affects the tumor growth, and is expected to be a promising biomarker for immunotherapy.Purpose: This article mainly discussed how the immune-infiltrating cell patterns impacted immunity, thereby affecting HNSCC patients’ prognosis.Method: The immune-infiltrating cell profile was generated by the CIBERSORT algorithm based on the transcriptomic data of HNSCC. Consensus clustering was used to divide groups with different immune cell infiltration patterns. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from the high and low immune cell infiltration (ICI) groups were subjected to Kaplan–Meier and univariate Cox analysis. Significant prognosis-related DEGs were involved in the construction of a prognostic signature using multivariate Cox analysis.Results: In our study, 408 DEGs were obtained from high- and low-ICI groups, and 59 of them were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Stepwise multivariate Cox analysis developed a 16-gene prognostic signature, which could distinguish favorable and poor prognosis of HNSCC patients. An ROC curve and nomogram verified the sensitivity and accuracy of the prognostic signature. The AUC values for 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 0.712, 0.703, and 0.700, respectively. TCGA-HNSCC cohort, GSE65858 cohort, and an independent GSE41613 cohort proved a similar prognostic significance. Notably, the prognostic signature distinguished the expression of promising immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) well and could predict the response to immunotherapy.Conclusion: We established a tumor immune cell infiltration (TICI)-based 16-gene signature, which could distinguish patients with different prognosis and help predict the response to immunotherapy.
A Thermo-Electrochemical Model of 18.5 V/50 Ah Battery Module for Railway Vehicles
Authors: Song Jihun , Lee Hyobin , Kim Suhwan , Kang Dongyoon , Jung Seungwon , Lee Hongkyung , Kwon Tae-Soon , Lee Yong Min 
Published: May 2022

We developed a thermo-electrochemical model of a 50 Ah pouch-type lithium-ion cell and utilized a cell model to build an 18.5 V/50 Ah module to analyze the thermal behavior under various operating conditions and design cooling systems for optimal operating temperature ranges. Specifically, the heat generated by electrochemical reactions was simulated through an electrochemical cell model, and then the calculated heat was coupled with a heat transfer model reflecting the actual 3D structure of the cell. By fitting two temperature-dependent parameters, i.e., the chemical diffusion coefficient and exchange current density, the model accurately estimated the electrochemical and thermal properties with errors less than 3%, even under wide temperature (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C) and C-rate (0.5, 1, 2, and 5C) conditions. Based on this reliable cell model, we built an 18.5 V/50 Ah module model with five cells in series to simulate both the amount of heat generated and the required heat sink. Finally, both the cell and module models were used to predict the electrochemical and thermal behaviors under actual wireless tram operations in Turkey. The model results were compared with experimental results to confirm their reliability.
Excellent Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Encapsulated With Paraffin/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Paraffin Composite Layer
Authors: Long Biyu , Zhou Xianzi , Cao Huafeng , Chen Renjie , He Nannan , Chi Lina , Fan Penghui , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: May 2022

Superior encapsulation technology is important for PSCs to prolong their lifetime and realize their commercial application. Paraffin/EVA/paraffin composite encapsulated layers were fabricated with the ambient environment under the thermal temperature of 80°C, which has advantages for simple procedures and low cost. PSCs encapsulated with paraffin/EVA/paraffin and pure EVA layers maintained 95 and 45% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) aged for 1000 h at RH 75%, respectively. Paraffin/EVA/paraffin-encapsulated PSCs were immersed in water for 5 h, which remained 98% of the original PCE, which is far superior to EVA-encapsulated PSCs. High melting point paraffin at 68°C shows better encapsulation than low melting point (60 and 55°C) paraffin, indicating that the high molecular weight of paraffin helps improve the encapsulation performance of PSCs. PSCs encapsulated with paraffin/EVA/paraffin showed better stability of Voc than pure EVA layer because paraffin can inhibit defects, voids, and edges of metal electrodes that quickly expand, and decay. Therefore, paraffin/EVA/paraffin combination encapsulation is an effective strategy, which can form continuous and dense hydrophobic composite encapsulation films with a friendly metal electrode.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma. Real-Life Implementation Model and Economic Estimation
Authors: Mosteiro Alejandra , Amaro Sergi , Torné Ramon , Pedrosa Leire , Hoyos Jhon , Llull Laura , Reyes Luis , Ferrés Abel , de Riva Nicolás , Mellado Ricard , Enseñat Joaquim 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is characterized by high fatality outcomes, even under best medical treatment. Recently, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) evacuation of the hematoma has shown promising results and may soon be implemented in the clinical practice. Hereby, we intended to foresee the logistic requirements for an early hematoma evacuation protocol, as well as to evaluate in a real-life implementation model the cost-utility of the two main MIS techniques for hemorrhagic stroke (catheter evacuation plus thrombolysis and neuroendoscopic aspiration).MethodsData were obtained from the pool of hemorrhagic-stroke patients admitted to our institution during an annual period (2020–2021) and contrasted to the reported results in published trials of MIS techniques. Potential candidates for surgical treatment were identified according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria established in these trials. Then, a cost-utility analysis was performed, which explored the incremental cost per unit of health gained with a given treatment. The treatment effect was measured by differences in modified Rankin Score, and subsequently converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALY).ResultsOf the 137 patients admitted to our center with supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in a 1-year period, 17 (12.4%) were potential candidates for the catheter evacuation plus thrombolysis technique (Minimally Invasive Surgery with Thrombolysis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation trial, MISTIE III criteria) and 59 (43.0%) for the neuroendoscopic aspiration technique (Dutch Intracerebral Hemorrhage Surgery Trial Pilot Study, DIST criteria). The incremental cost-utility ratio was € 76,533.13 per QALY for the catheter-based evacuation and € 60,703.89 per QALY for the endoscopic-based technique.ConclusionAround 12–43% of patients admitted to hospital with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke could be potential candidates to MIS early evacuation of the cerebral hematoma. In our real-life implementation model, the cost-utility analysis favored the neuroendoscopic evacuation over the catheter aspiration technique. Further studies are advisable as new data from the ongoing randomized trials becomes available.
Dietary Supplementation With Acer truncatum Oil Promotes Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Xue Yuhuan , Zhu Xiaoyan , Yan Wenyong , Zhang Zhihan , Cui Enhui , Wu Yongji , Li Cixia , Pan Jiarong , Yan Qijiang , Chai Xuejun , Zhao Shanting 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of uncertain etiology. Traditional treatment methods produce more adverse effects. Epidemiological and clinical treatment findings showed that unknown environmental factors contribute to the etiology of MS and that diet is a commonly assumed factor. Despite the huge interest in diet expressed by people with MS and the potential role diet plays in MS, very little data is available on the role of diet in MS pathogenesis and MS course, in particular, studies on fats and MS. The oil of Acer truncatum is potential as a resource to be exploited in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases.ObjectiveHere, we investigated the underlying influences of Acer truncatum oil on the stimulation of remyelination in a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination.MethodsCuprizone (0.2% in chow) was used to establish a mouse model of demyelination. Acer truncatum oil was administrated to mice during remyelination. Following techniques were used: behavioral test, histochemistry, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscope.ResultsMice exposed to cuprizone for 6 weeks showed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes, the increased exploration of the center in the open field test (OFT), increased entries into the open arms of the elevated plus-maze, as well as demyelination in the corpus callosum. After cuprizone withdrawal, the diet therapy was initiated with supplementation of Acer truncatum oil for 2 weeks. As expected, myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes (CC1) and myelin basic protein (MBP). More importantly, the supplementation with Acer truncatum oil in the diet reduced the schizophrenia-like behavior in the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus-maze compared to the cuprizone recovery group. The results revealed that the diet supplementation with Acer truncatum oil improved behavioral abnormalities, oligodendrocyte maturation, and remyelination in the cuprizone model during recovery.ConclusionDiet supplementation with Acer truncatum oil attenuates demyelination induced by cuprizone, indicating that Acer truncatum oil is a novel therapeutic diet in demyelinating diseases.
Balanced Hybrid Nutrient Density Score Compared to Nutri-Score and Health Star Rating Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analyses
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Gonzalez Tanhia D. , Rehm Colin D. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundNutrient profiling (NP) models that are used to assess the nutrient density of foods can be based on a combination of key nutrients and desirable food groups.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of a new balanced hybrid nutrient density score (bHNDS) to Nutri-Score and Health Star Rating (HSR) front-of-pack systems using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The diet-level bHNDS was first validated against Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) using data from the 2017–18 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–18 NHANES). Food-level bHNDS values were then compared to both the Nutri-Score and HSR using ROC curve analyses.ResultsThe bHNDS was based on 6 nutrients to encourage (protein, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, and vitamin D); 5 food groups to encourage (whole grains, nuts and seeds, dairy, vegetables, and fruit), and 3 nutrients (saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium) to limit. The algorithm balanced components to encourage against those to limit. Diet-level bHNDS values correlated well with HEI-2015 (r = 0.67; p &lt; 0.001). Food-level correlations with both Nutri-Score (r = 0.60) and with HSR (r = 0.58) were significant (both p &lt; 0.001). ROC estimates of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) showed high agreement between bHNDS values and optimal Nutri-Score and HSR ratings (&gt;0.90 in most cases). ROC analysis identified those bHNDS cut-off points that were predictive of A-grade Nutri-Score or 5-star HSR. Those cut-off points were highly category-specific.ConclusionThe new bHNDS model showed high agreement with two front-of-pack labeling systems. Cross-model comparisons based on ROC curve analyses are the first step toward harmonization of proliferating NP methods that aim to “diagnose” high nutrient-density foods.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Between Gallbladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Matched Analysis Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Chen Xiaorong , Zhou Yuwen , Xu Qian , Pu Dan , Shu Xinyao , Wei Guixia , Qiu Meng 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGallbladder squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare carcinoma with limited evidence in literature, making it particularly difficult to study. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (SEER) were used to stress the clinicopathological features and outcomes associated with this tumor.MethodsSEER registries were used to identify GSCC and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GAC) cases from 2004 to 2015. The Propensity matching (PSM) method was used for minimized potential difference between the two types and the utmost. Patients with GSCC versus GAC were compared using the clinicopathological features and outcomes.ResultsThere were 121 patients with GSCC and 6 580 patients had GAC. Compared with the GAC cohort, the GSCC cohort had a lower proportion of well-differentiated histology (3.3% vs. 12.1%, p &lt; 0.001) and was diagnosed at a later T-stage (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding treatment, patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation were associated with significantly better outcome than patients without undergoing these treatment modalities. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, GSCC histology was associated with worse prognosis than GAC histology.ConclusionsPatients with GSCC were associated with a worse outcome than the GAC cohort. The independent risk factors for patients with GSCC are surgery and chemotherapy.
Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Primary Intestinal Lymphoma: A Scoring Model Based on a Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Huimin , Liu Wei , Tan Bei , Guo Tao , Gao Xiang , Feng Rui , Wu Kaichun , Cao Qian , Ran Zhihua , Liu Zhanju , Hu Naizhong , Zhu Liangru , Lai Yamin , Wang Congling , Han Wei , Qian Jiaming 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDifferential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative primary intestinal lymphoma (UPIL) is a tough problem in clinical practice.AimsOur study identified key differences between CD and UPIL patients and aimed to further establish a scoring model for differential diagnosis.MethodsA total of 91 CD and 50 UPIL patients from 9 tertiary inflammatory bowel disease centers were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant markers for differentiating CD and UPIL. A differential scoring model was established by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe differential model was based on clinical symptoms, endoscopic and imaging features that were assigned different scores: intestinal bleeding (−2 points), extraintestinal manifestation (2 points), segmental lesions (1 point), cobblestone sign (2 points), homogeneous enhancement (−1 point), mild enhancement (−1 point), engorged vasa recta (1 point). A total score of ≥1 point indicates CD, otherwise UPIL was indicated. This model produced an accuracy of 83.66% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.947. The area under the ROC curve for validation using the 10-fold validation method was 0.901.ConclusionThis study provided a convenient and useful model to differentiate CD from UPIL.
ACYP1 Is a Pancancer Prognostic Indicator and Affects the Immune Microenvironment in LIHC
Authors: Zhou Lingyi , Fu Zheng , Wang Shuai , Jia Jing , Cheng Yumeng , Zheng Yunxiang , Zhang Ningning , Lu Wei , Yao Zhi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundACYP1 plays important physiological and metabolic roles in glycolysis and membrane ion pump activity by catalyzing acyl phosphate hydrolysis. ACYP1 is related to tumorigenesis and progression and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. However, its pancancer roles and mechanisms are unclear. Our study aimed to understand the ACYP1 expression signature and prognostic value across cancers and investigate immune infiltration patterns in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and verify them in LIHC samples.MethodsTranscriptional expression profiles of ACYP1 across cancers were analyzed using Oncomine and TIMER. The prognostic value of ACYP1 was assessed across PrognoScan, Kaplan—Meier Plotter, and GEPIA. Significant pathways associated with ACYP1 in LIHC were obtained via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The correlation between ACYP1 expression and immune infiltration in LIHC was investigated using TIMER. We validated ACYP1 expression, prognostic value, and association with immune cells in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsACYP1 was overexpressed across cancers. High expression of ACYP1 correlated with a poor prognosis in most tumor types, especially in LIHC. ACYP1 was significantly implicated in immune and metabolic related pathways. High ACYP1 expression showed significant correlations with the abundances of Th2 cells, Tregs, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in LIHC. LIHC patients with high ACYP1 expression showed significantly shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival rates concomitant with increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells. Mouse subcutaneous tumors with ACYP1 overexpression exhibited significantly accelerated tumor progression with increased aggregation of CD4+ T cells.ConclusionOverall, ACYP1 may serve as a vital prognostic biomarker and play an immunoregulatory role in LIHC.
Lipolysis-Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor Impairs Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Inhibits the Oncogenic Activity of YAP1 via PPPY Motif
Authors: Dong Xin , Zhang Xianbin , Liu Peng , Tian Yu , Li Li , Gong Peng 
Published: May 2022

PurposeLipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a type I single-pass transmembrane protein which is mainly expressed in the liver. In this study, we investigated if and how LSR is involved in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Experimental DesignTo evaluate if LSR was abnormally expressed in human HCC tissues, and how its expression was associated with the survival probability of patients, we obtained data from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. To investigate if and how LSR regulates tumor growth, we knocked down and overexpressed LSR in human HCC cell lines. In addition, to evaluate the interaction between LSR and yes-associated protein1 (YAP1), we mutated LSR at PPPY motif, a binding site of YAP1.ResultsTotally, 454 patients were enrolled in the present study, and high expression of LSR significantly decreased the probability of death. Knockdown of LSR significantly increased the expansion of HCC cells and significantly promoted tumor growth. In addition, downregulation of LSR increased the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional function of YAP1. Conversely, overexpression of LSR impairs this function of YAP1 and phosphorylates YAP1 at serine 127. Of note, mutation of LSR at the PPPY motif could block the interaction between LSR and YAP1, and restore the transcriptional ability of YAP1.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that LSR binds to YAP1 via the PPPY motif. Thus, LSR increases the phosphorylation of YAP1 and impairs the growth of HCC. This highlights that targeting LSR might be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.