bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of FAT Atypical Cadherin 4 (FAT4) in Human Tumors
Authors: Mao Weili , Zhou Jiajing , Hu Jie , Zhao Kui , Fu Zhenling , Wang Jun , Mao Kaili 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: We performed a pan-cancer analysis to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of FAT4 in 33 different tumors. Methods: In this study, we selected 33 types of cancer based on the datasets of TCGA (the cancer genome atlas). We analyzed the expression of FAT4 in tumor and paracancer tissues. Meanwhile, we analyzed the expression levels of FAT4 in tissues from tumors of different stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, immune infiltration analysis and FAT4-related gene enrichment analysis were performed. Results: FAT4 expression in most tumor tissues was lower than in corresponding control tissues. FAT4 expression was different in different stages of bladder cancer (BLCA), kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and breast cancer (BRCA). In addition, the expression level of FAT4 in different types of tumors has an important impact on the prognosis of patients. We observed a statistically positive correlation between cancer-associated fibroblasts and FAT4 expression in most tumors. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that the role of FAT4 in the pathogenesis of cancer may be related to human papillomavirus infection, Hippo signaling pathway, PI3K−Akt signaling pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis further showed that most of these genes were related to the pathways or cell biology, such as peptidyl−tyrosine phosphorylation, cell junction assembly, protein tyrosine kinase activity, etc. Conclusion: This pan-cancer analysis showed that FAT4 expression was statistically correlated with clinical stages, clinical prognosis, immune infiltration, and FAT4-related gene enrichment analysis, which aided in understanding the role of FAT4 in tumorigenesis from the perspective of clinical tumor samples.
The Impact of Environmental Factors On The Evolution of Brain Size In Carnivorans
Authors: Michaud Margot , Toussaint Séverine , Gilissen Emmanuel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The reasons why some animals have developed larger brains has long been a subject of debate. Yet, it remains unclear which selective pressures may favour the encephalization and how it may act during evolution at different taxonomic scales. Here we studied the patterns and tempo of brain evolution within the order Carnivora and present the first large-scale comparative analysis of the effect of ecological, environmental, social, and physiological variables on relative brain size in a sample of 174 extant carnivoran species. We found a complex pattern of brain size change between carnivoran families with differences in both the rate and diversity of encephalization. Our findings suggest that during carnivorans’ evolution, a trade-off have occurred between the cognitive advantages of acquiring a relatively large brain allowing to adapt to specific environments, and the metabolic costs of the brain which may constitute a disadvantage when facing the need to colonize new environments.
LINC01023 Promotes the Hepatoblastoma Tumorigenesis via miR-378a-5p/WNT3 Axis
Authors: BHANDARI RAMESH , Shaikh Imran Ibrahim , Bhandari Rajeev , Chapagain Sadikchha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common type of hepatic tumors occurring in children between 0 – 5 years. And the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still mysterious. Accumulating studies on LncRNA have shown its pivotal role in the development and progression of distinct human cancers. However, the role of LINC01023 in hepatoblastoma is unknown.Methods: The relative expression of LINC01023, miR-378a-5p, and Wnt3 on hepatoblastoma tissue and cell lines was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of LINC01023 downregulation and upregulation on cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis activities in HUH6 and HepG2 Cells was assessed by CKK8, clonogenic and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Dual luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down were performed to confirm the interaction between LINC01023 and miR-378a-5p. Similarly, Dual luciferase assay was performed to confirmed the interaction between Wnt3 and miR-378a-5p. The xenograft tumorgenicity test was performed to elucidate the tumorgenicity potential of LINC01023.Results: LINC01023 was significantly upregulated in hepatoblastoma tissue and cell lines rather than in adjacent normal hepatic tissue and QSG7701 cell lines. LINC01023 silencing attenuated cell proliferation, colony formation and increased cell apoptosis. Conversely, LINC01023 upregulation results in significant increase in cell proliferation, and colony formation activities however, a significant reduction apoptosis activity. Interaction between the LINC01023 and WNT3 was confirmed by dual luciferase assay. Xenograft animal tumorgenicity test confirmed the in-vivo tumorigenesis potential of LINC01203.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first study demonstrating the role of LINC01023 in hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis through the LINC01023/miR-378a-5p/Wnt3 axis. It could be a potential therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker in hepatoblastoma.
Emergency Intubation of Critically Ill Covid-19 Patients Using Conventional Laryngoscope: a Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Rajapakse Ayeshani , Kumarihamy Prabhashini , Jayasinghe Amila 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundVideo laryngoscopy is recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to safety concerns and to avoid complications. It is not available in some places forcing the operator to rely on conventional laryngoscope. Intubations in critically ill COVID is challenging and may lead to adverse complications and this may be affected by the laryngoscope used. The aim of the study was to analyse predictors of difficult intubation, complexity of intubation and complications of using conventional laryngoscopy in emergency intubations of COVID- 19 patients.MethodsA prospective observational study was done in COVID Intensive care unit of Base Hospital- Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from 1st of January 2021 to August 2021. Data was collected using a performa filled by operator at the end of the intubation. Apart from demographic data and clinical parameters, data related to intubation including MACOCHA score which is a validated score predicting difficult intubation in ICU(3) and Intubation difficulty scale (IDS) which measures actual complexity of intubation(4) were collected. The complications related to intubation were also analysed.Results84 out of 91 emergency intubations were done using conventional laryngoscope. Out of them 50.72 % were male and 49.27% Were female. Mean age was 50.75 years. First pass success rate was 83.3%. 25% had MACOCHA score more than 3. Most patients scored on the desaturation component of the score. Despite this only 50 % of the predicted difficult intubations actually had major difficulty in intubation. The commonest complication was hypotension. 12 had suffered cardiac arrest, and 4 of them were fatal. Conclusions Intubation of Critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging, but can be done successfully with conventional laryngoscope. However, one must prepare for complications including cardiac arrest.
Investigation of Long-Term COVID-19 Patients’ Quality of Life and Affecting Factors: Data from Single COVID-19 Follow-Up Center
Authors: Uçan Anıl , Güvenç Şebnem Eker , Mutlu Fezan Şahin , Bakılan Fulya , Bildirici Yaşar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The main challenge faced by many researchers is to predict and monitor the long-term outcome of patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between quality of life change and long-term COVID-19 patient’s stats in COVID-19 Follow-up Centre.Methods: This study was designed retrospectively with patients who admitted COVID-19 Follow-up Centre of between January and May 2021. Study sample consisted of 125 patients divided into two groups according to their admission date. 1st admission indicates of first 3 months and 2nd admission covers 3-6 months after diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient values recorded retrospectively with a form which includes questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, comorbidities, and the assessment of the patient's health-related quality of life with the SF-36 scale.Results: Comparison of baseline characteristics showed that cough and chest pain have been increased in second admission (p<0.001). Thirty-six item of short form Health Status Questionnaire-36 (SF-36) measured quality of life and there was a significant difference between first and second admission in all parameters. However, no significant differences were found in SF-36 change according to age. Only trace amounts of decreasing in General Health sub-group were detected in females compare to males (p=0.004). In addition, comparing with the SF-36 subgroups in terms of treatment places, only a significant difference between the inpatient and I.C.U groups in General Health sub-group (p=0.044).Conclusions: In summary, these findings have significant implications for the understanding of long term COVID-19 patients with a multidisciplinary approach and necessity of follow-up centers for detection of the unpredictable results of the long-term COVID-19.
Association of Fluid Management with Outcome in Invasively Ventilated COVID–19 ARDS Patients – Insights From the PRoVENT-COVID Study: A National, Multicenter, Observational Cohort Analysis.
Authors: Ahuja Sanchit , de Grooth Harm-Jan , Paulus Frederique , Ven Fleur van der , Neto Ary Serpa , Schultz Marcus J. , Tuinman Pieter Roel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence indicates the potential benefits of restricted fluid management in critically ill patients. Evidence lacks on the optimal fluid management strategy for invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients. We hypothesized that the cumulative fluid balance would affect the successful liberation of invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods: We analyzed data from the multicenter observational ‘PRactice of VENTilation in COVID-19 patients’ (PRoVENT-COVID) study. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 and ARDS who required invasive ventilation during the first 3 months of the international outbreak (March 1, 2020, to June 2020) across 22 hospitals in the Netherlands were included. The primary outcome was successful liberation of invasive ventilation, modeled as a function of day 3 cumulative fluid balance using Cox proportional hazards models, using the crude and the adjusted association. Sensitivity analyses without missing data and modeling ARDS severity were performed.Results: Among 650 patients, three groups were identified. Patients in the higher, intermediate and lower groups had a median cumulative fluid balance of 1.98 liters (1.27-7.72 liter), 0.78 liter (0.26-1.27 liter) and –0.35 liter (–6.52-0.26 liter), respectively. Higher day 3 cumulative fluid balance was significantly associated with a lower probability of successful ventilation liberation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.94, P = 0.0013). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results.Conclusions: In a cohort of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, a higher cumulative fluid balance was associated with a longer ventilation duration, indicating that restricted fluid management in these patients may be beneficial. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04346342); Date of registration: April 15, 2020
Feasibility Assessment of a Health Preference Study in Autism Based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS2): A Qualitative Study with Clinicians and Caregivers
Authors: Hartl Kristina , Durno Nicholas , Schmid Ramona , Heisen Marieke , Ethgen Olivier , Szilvasy Zsuzsanna , Friedel Evelyne , Wong Olivier , Charman Tony , Cáceres Antonia San José , Mühlbacher Axel , Hout Ben Van , Brazier John , Stolk Elly 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale–2nd edition (CARS2) is a condition-specific instrument to be filled out by clinicians, resulting in a score for diagnosis and severity. Our aim is to estimate a preference-based scoring of CARS2 to better understand the value of changes in the CARS2 score. Using caregivers and clinicians as proxies for autistic children, we assessed the feasibility of establishing preferences for CARS2-based attributes.MethodsThe 15 CARS2 items were assessed regarding their relevance as attributes and the appropriateness of their wording. Best-worst scaling (BWS) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) choice task designs were developed, as well as a mapping task between CARS2 and the EQ-5D-Y. Individual qualitative interviews with caregivers, clinicians, and autistic adults were conducted (N=10). A committee of experts advised on the study, including caregivers, clinicians, and specialists in CARS2, health technology assessment, and preference research methodology. ResultsThirteen of the 15 CARS2 items were deemed appropriate attributes for the preference study. Caregivers and autistic adults identified with the attributes and perceived them as comprehensive. The attribute definitions and level descriptions were shortened and refined to ensure comprehension for non-experts. The choice tasks were challenging for participants; however, 9/10 respondents could make a choice. Interviewees favored a two-profile DCE over a three-profile BWS design. In a subsequent internal pilot (N=13), participants favored a stacked layout, in which attributes with overlapping levels were clustered. The CARS2/EQ-5D-Y mapping task was feasible using step-by-step instructions. ConclusionA preference study in childhood ASD based on the CARS2 instrument is feasible with caregivers and clinicians as proxies for children’s preferences.
New Evidence of Changes in Students’ Achievement Motivation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Smith Jonathan , Guimond Fanny-Alexandra , St-Amand Jérôme , Fitzpatrick Caroline , Bergeron Julie , Gagnon Mathieu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In an article published early in 2021, we shared results indicating that expectancy (i.e., competence beliefs) and value (i.e., interest in learning, utility value, mastery and performance goals) perceptions among a sample of 90 French Canadian students (Mage = 14.81) in grades 9 and 10 remained at similar levels from few weeks before the first wave (January 2020) to the second wave (November 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic. One perception (i.e., interest) even improved, suggesting that, after experiencing a confinement, students re-approached in-class activities with enthusiasm. To determine if this pattern of results remained the same as the pandemic persisted, an additional measurement has been performed during the third wave. Analysis with this additional data point revealed that interest, utility value and mastery goals ended up declining. These new data suggest that, ultimately, this pandemic has negative effects on students’ motivation, even if they keep benefiting from in-class activities.
Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance in Children at Damascus Hospital
Authors: Kahal Fares , Helwani Ahmed , Bani Maher Al 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the third top-ranking global causative of death.Aims: The aim is to evaluate antimicrobial resistance and sensitivity to aid the assessment of the efficacy in Syrian management protocols.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze children with positive culture results presenting with nosocomial or community-acquired infections in Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syria.Results: 117 patients with 183 positive culture results were included in the study. The most antibiotic-resistant bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest bacterial antibiotic resistance occurred with Ceftriaxone, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (89%), Escherichia coli (77%), Enterobacter (74%), and Proteus (42%). Staphylococcus sensitivity towards vancomycin was only 3%. The mortality was 19(16%), nosocomial infection 11(55%) and community infections 9(45%).Conclusion: The efficacy of the remaining antibiotics to which the bacteria are sensitive must be maintained through rationalization of its use. Strict precautionary measures must be implemented to ban the illegal dispensation of antibiotics.
Movement and storage of nematocysts across development in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae (Valdés, 2005)
Authors: Goodheart Jessica A , Barone Vanessa , Lyons Deirdre C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Intracellular sequestration requires specialized cellular and molecular mechanisms allowing a predator to retain and use specific organelles that once belonged to its prey. Little is known about how common cellular mechanisms, like phagocytosis, can be modified to selectively internalize and store foreign structures. One form of defensive sequestration involves animals that sequester stinging organelles (nematocysts) from their cnidarian prey. While it has been hypothesized that nematocysts are identified by specialized phagocytic cells for internalization and storage, little is known about the cellular and developmental mechanisms of this process in any metazoan lineage. This gap in knowledge is mainly due to a lack of genetically tractable model systems among predators and their cnidarian prey.
Results
Here, we introduce the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae as a model system to investigate the cell, developmental, and physiological features of nematocyst sequestration selectivity. We first show that B. stephanieae, which feeds on Exaiptasia diaphana, selectively sequesters nematocysts over other E. diaphana tissues found in their digestive gland. Using confocal microscopy, we document that nematocyst sequestration begins shortly after feeding and prior to the formation of the appendages (cerata) where the organ responsible for sequestration (the cnidosac) resides in adults. This finding is inconsistent with previous studies that place the formation of the cnidosac after cerata emerge. Our results also show, via live imaging assays, that both nematocysts and dinoflagellates can enter the nascent cnidosac structure. This result indicates that selectivity for nematocysts occurs inside the cnidosac in B. stephanieae, likely in the cnidophage cells themselves.
Conclusions
Our work highlights the utility of B. stephanieae for future research, because: (1) this species can be cultured in the laboratory, which provides access to all developmental stages, and (2) the transparency of early juveniles makes imaging techniques (and therefore cell and molecular assays) feasible. Our results pave the way for future studies using live imaging and targeted gene editing to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in nematocyst sequestration. Further studies of nematocyst sequestration in B. stephanieae will also allow us to investigate how common cellular mechanisms like phagocytosis can be modified to selectively internalize and store foreign structures.
Druggable proteins influencing cardiac structure and function: implications for heart failure therapies and cancer related cardiotoxicity
Authors: Schmidt Amand , Bourfiss Mimount , Alasiri Abdulrahman , Chopade Sandesh , Puyol-Anton Esther , Vugt Marion van , Laan Sander van der , Riele Anneline ter , Velthuis Birgitta , Franceschini Nora , Ruijsink Bram , Hingorani Aroon , Harst Pim van der , Gross Christian , Clarkson Chris , Henry Albert , Lumbers R , Bis Joshua , Asselbergs Folkert , Setten Jessica van , Finan Chris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dysfunction of either the right or left ventricle can lead to heart failure (HF) and subsequent morbidity and increased mortality. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 16 measurements of biventricular function and structure obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We then used aggregated data from three independent plasma proteome GWAS, and performed cis-Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify proteins with a likely causal effect on biventricular traits. The subset of proteins with a robust CMR effect were prioritized through linkage with mRNA expression from the Human Protein Atlas, protein interaction data from IntAct, drug compound information from the British national formulary and ChEMBL, and by identifying plasma proteins with robust effects on HF, atrial fibrillation, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), or coronary heart disease. In total, 33 plasma proteins were prioritised, including 25 proteins that were druggable by either an approved or developmental compound. Fifteen proteins could be mapped to compounds with a known cardiovascular indication or side-effect, including repurposing candidates with a causal effect on DCM and/or HF: IL18, IL18R, I17RA, GPC5, LAMC2, PA2GA, CD33, and SLAF7. We additionally found that 13 of the 25 druggable proteins (52%, 95%CI 0.31; 0.72) could be mapped to a compound with an oncological indication or side-effect. To further inform drug development, we performed a drug-target MR phenome-wide scan of these 33 prioritized proteins on 56 clinically relevant traits. We have identified a prioritized set of plasma proteins influencing biventricular traits, providing indispensable leads to facilitate drug development and drug repurposing for cardiac diseases, and explaining observed cardiotoxicities of several targets exploited for the treatment of cancer.
Modified Extended Object Tracker for Lidar Data using Random Matrix Model
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Cheng , You Congzhe , Qiu Junda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Random Matrix (RM) model is a typical extended objectmodeling method, and has been widely used in extended object tracking. However, the existing RM based filters usually under a assumption that the measurements obey Gaussian distribution, which may lead to the decrease of accuracy when the filter applied to Lidar system. This paper proposed a new observation model and used it to modified a RM smoother by considering the characteristics of Lidar data. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieved better performance compared with the original RM tracker in Lidar system.