bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiometric data analysis for prevention of noise‐induced hearing loss: A new approach
Authors: Craner James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompliance with noise regulations in the past three decades has significantly reduced workplace noise exposures, particularly in the loudest industries and occupations. However, the overall effectiveness of hearing conservation programs in preventing occupational noise‐induced hearing loss remains uncertain and unquantified, while the incidence and cost of occupational hearing loss remain inexplicably high. This review/commentary critically explores this paradox by examining why the billions of annual audiograms conducted worldwide have not been aggregately utilized or applied to predict early NIHL in groups of workers or to measure the efficacy of exposure controls. Principal contributory reasons include regulation of noise as a safety standard rather than as a health standard, the inherent complexity of audiometric data, and the lack of a standardized method of interpretation for audiograms. The unsuccessful history of efforts to develop and adopt methods and tools to analyze aggregate audiometric data is described. Consequently, the Standard Threshold Shift—a regulatorily defined, lagging indicator of individual, irreversible hearing loss that is not an effective preventive metric—remains the de facto standard of care. A population‐based Best Practices approach is proposed to leverage the raw audiometric data already available and turn it into actionable data for effective secondary prevention to strategically manage and reduce occupational hearing loss risk. This approach entails statistical methods and information management tools necessary to transform audiometry from a compliance‐driven, individual screening test with limited preventive capability into a medical surveillance process directly linked to aggregate corrective and prevention actions.
Dose‐response relationship between late‐life physical activity and incident dementia: A pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies of memory in an international consortium
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua , Xiao Zhenxu , Luo Jianfeng , Ganguli Mary , Hughes Tiffany F. , Jacobsen Erin , Haan Mary N. , van Dang Kristine , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Blay Sergio Luis , de Castro‐Costa Erico , Ng Tze Pin , Gwee Xinyi , Gao Qi , Gureje Oye , Ojagbemi Akin , Bello Toyin , Shahar Suzana , Ludin Arimi Fitri Mat , Rivan Nurul Fatin Malek , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Anastasiou Costas A. , Yannakoulia Mary , Brodaty Henry , Crawford John D. , Lipton Richard B. , Derby Carol A. , Katz Mindy J. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Sachdev Perminder S. ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThough consistent evidence suggests that physical activity may delay dementia onset, the duration and amount of activity required remains unclear.MethodsWe harmonized longitudinal data of 11,988 participants from 10 cohorts in eight countries to examine the dose‐response relationship between late‐life physical activity and incident dementia among older adults.ResultsUsing no physical activity as a reference, dementia risk decreased with duration of physical activity up to 3.1 to 6.0 hours/week (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67 to 1.15 for 0.1 to 3.0 hours/week; HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89 for 3.1 to 6.0 hours/week), but plateaued with higher duration. For the amount of physical activity, a similar pattern of dose‐response curve was observed, with an inflection point of 9.1 to 18.0 metabolic equivalent value (MET)‐hours/week (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.22 for 0.1 to 9.0 MET‐hours/week; HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.93 for 9.1 to 18.0 MET‐hours/week).DiscussionThis cross‐national analysis suggests that performing 3.1 to 6.0 hours of physical activity and expending 9.1 to 18.0/MET‐hours of energy per week may reduce dementia risk.
Cellular and Humoral Immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab and Other Disease‐Modifying Therapies: A Multi‐Ethnic Observational Study
Authors: Kister Ilya , Patskovsky Yury , Curtin Ryan , Pei Jinglan , Perdomo Katherine , Rimler Zoe , Voloshyna Iryna , Samanovic Marie I. , Cornelius Amber R. , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Nyovanie Samantha , Kim Joseph J. , Tardio Ethan , Bacon Tamar E. , Zhovtis Ryerson Lana , Raut Pranil , Pedotti Rosetta , Hawker Kathleen , Raposo Catarina , Priest Jessica , Cabatingan Mark , Winger Ryan C. , Mulligan Mark J. , Krogsgaard Michelle , Silverman Gregg J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on the development of cellular and humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.MethodsPatients with MS aged 18 to 60 years were evaluated for anti‐nucleocapsid and anti‐Spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) antibody with electro‐chemiluminescence immunoassay; antibody responses to Spike protein, RBD, N‐terminal domain with multiepitope bead‐based immunoassays (MBI); live virus immunofluorescence‐based microneutralization assay; T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike using TruCulture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and IL‐2 and IFNγ ELISpot assays. Assay results were compared by DMT class. Spearman correlation and multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations between immunologic responses and infection severity.ResultsBetween January 6, 2021, and July 21, 2021, 389 patients with MS were recruited (mean age 40.3 years; 74% women; 62% non‐White). Most common DMTs were ocrelizumab (OCR)—40%; natalizumab —17%, Sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor (S1P) modulators −12%; and 15% untreated. One hundred seventy‐seven patients (46%) had laboratory evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; 130 had symptomatic infection, and 47 were asymptomatic. Antibody responses were markedly attenuated in OCR compared with other groups (p ≤0.0001). T‐cell responses (IFNγ) were decreased in S1P (p = 0.03), increased in natalizumab (p <0.001), and similar in other DMTs, including OCR. Cellular and humoral responses were moderately correlated in both OCR (r = 0.45, p = 0.0002) and non‐OCR (r = 0.64, p <0.0001). Immune responses did not differ by race/ethnicity. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) clinical course was mostly non‐severe and similar across DMTs; 7% (9/130) were hospitalized.InterpretationDMTs had differential effects on humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Immune responses did not correlate with COVID‐19 clinical severity in this relatively young and nondisabled group of patients with MS. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:782–795
Electrically Switchable Polymer Brushes for Protein Capture and Release in Biological Environments**
Authors: del Castillo Gustav Ferrand‐Drake , Kyriakidou Maria , Adali Zeynep , Xiong Kunli , Hailes Rebekah L. N. , Dahlin Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterfaces functionalized with polymers are known for providing excellent resistance towards biomolecular adsorption and for their ability to bind high amounts of protein while preserving their structure. However, making an interface that switches between these two states has proven challenging and concepts to date rely on changes in the physiochemical environment, which is static in biological systems. Here we present the first interface that can be electrically switched between a high‐capacity (>1 μg cm−2) multilayer protein binding state and a completely non‐fouling state (no detectable adsorption). Switching is possible over multiple cycles without any regeneration. Importantly, switching works even when the interface is in direct contact with biological fluids and a buffered environment. The technology offers many applications such as zero fouling on demand, patterning or separation of proteins as well as controlled release of biologics in a physiological environment, showing high potential for future drug delivery in vivo.
Redox‐Addressable Single‐Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical**
Authors: Naghibi Saman , Sangtarash Sara , Kumar Varshini J. , Wu Jian‐Zhong , Judd Martyna M. , Qiao Xiaohang , Gorenskaia Elena , Higgins Simon J. , Cox Nicholas , Nichols Richard J. , Sadeghi Hatef , Low Paul J. , Vezzoli Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntegrating radical (open‐shell) species into non‐cryogenic nanodevices is key to unlocking the potential of molecular electronics. While many efforts have been devoted to this issue, in the absence of a chemical/electrochemical potential the open‐shell character is generally lost in contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, single‐molecule devices incorporating a 6‐oxo‐verdazyl persistent radical have been fabricated using break‐junction techniques. The open‐shell character is retained at room temperature, and electrochemical gating permits in situ reduction to a closed‐shell anionic state in a single‐molecule transistor configuration. Furthermore, electronically driven rectification arises from bias‐dependent alignment of the open‐shell resonances. The integration of radical character, transistor‐like switching, and rectification in a single molecular component paves the way to further studies of the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of open‐shell species.
Prodrugs of Persulfide and Sulfide: Is There a Pharmacological Difference between the Two in the Context of Rapid Exchanges among Various Sulfur Species In Vivo?
Authors: Yu Bingchen , Kang Ting , Xu Yuan , Liu Yiqing , Ma Yaru , Ke Bowen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSulfide and persulfide are chemically different and one might expect persulfide to be more effective in mediating sulfur signaling because persulfide can directly modify protein cysteine residue. However, rapid scrambling, and interconversions occur among sulfur species. Then there is the question of whether the chemical reactivity differences between sulfide and persulfide would translate into pharmacological differences. Utilizing a delivery system to generate pure hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen persulfide (H2S2), and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine persulfide (N‐CysSSH), we examined the activities of sulfide and persulfide in vitro and in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs exhibited increased activities compared to the H2S prodrug. In particular, the H2S2 prodrug offers much‐elevated analgesic effects compared to the H2S prodrug in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs also possess a reduced level of toxicity compared to the H2S prodrug in vivo, indicating persulfide might represent a better therapeutic paradigm than H2S.
Spontaneous Orthogonal Protein Crosslinking via a Genetically Encoded 2‐Carboxy‐4‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐Triazole
Authors: Xu Yali , Rahim Abdur , Lin Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere we report the design of N2‐carboxy‐4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐lysines (CATKs) and their site‐specific incorporation into proteins via genetic code expansion. When introduced into the protein dimer interface, CATKs permitted spontaneous, proximity‐driven, site‐selective crosslinking to generate covalent protein dimers in living cells, with phenyl‐bearing CATK‐1 exhibiting high reactivity toward the proximal Lys and Tyr. Furthermore, when introduced into the N‐terminal β‐strand of either a single‐chain VHH antibody or a supercharged monobody, CATK‐1 enabled site‐specific, inter‐strand, orthogonal crosslinking with a proximal Tyr located on the opposing β‐strand. Compared with a non‐crosslinked monobody, the orthogonally crosslinked monobody displayed improved cellular uptake and enhanced proteolytic stability against an endosomal enzyme. The robust crosslinking reactivity of CATKs should facilitate the design of novel protein topologies with improved physicochemical properties.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Silver‐Catalyzed [3+3] Cycloaddition and Kinetic Resolution of Azomethine Imines with Activated Isocyanides
Authors: Tao Ling‐Fei , Zhang Sen , Huang Fen , Wang Wen‐Tao , Luo Zhang‐Hong , Qian Linghui , Liao Jia‐Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn contrast to the well‐established [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, the catalytic enantioselective [3+n] (n≥3) cycloaddition reaction of activated isocyanides for the preparation of six‐membered or larger ring systems has remained underdeveloped. Herein, we report the first example of highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition of activated isocyanides with azomethine imines. By employing silver catalysis, a wide range of biologically important bicyclic 1,2,4‐triazines were obtained in high yields (up to 99 %) with good to excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, 99 % ee). In addition, the same catalytic system could be applied to both the late‐stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and the kinetic resolution of racemic azomethine imines, further highlighting its versatility and synthetic utility.
White‐Light Emission and Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Chiral Copper(I) Coordination Polymer through Symmetry‐Breaking Crystallization
Authors: Yu Mu‐Xin , Liu Cai‐Ping , Zhao Yun‐Fang , Li Sheng‐Chang , Yu Yun‐Long , Lv Jiang‐Quan , Chen Lian , Jiang Fei‐Long , Hong Mao‐Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAchieving white‐light emission, especially white circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from a single‐phase material is challenging. Herein, a pair of chiral CuI coordination polymers (1‐M and 1‐P) have been prepared by the asymmetrical assembly of achiral ligands and Cu2I2 clusters. The compounds display dual emission bands and can be used as single‐phase white‐light phosphors, achieving a “warm”‐white‐light‐emitting diode with an ultra‐high color rendering index (CRI) of 93.4 and an appropriate correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3632 K. Meanwhile, corresponding CPL signals with maximum dissymmetry factor |glum|=8×10−3 have been observed. Hence, intrinsic white‐light emission and CPL have been realized simultaneously in coordination polymers for the first time. This work gains insight into the nature of chiral assembly from achiral units and offers a prospect for the development of single‐phase white‐CPL materials.
A Hybrid Halide Perovskite Birefringent Crystal
Authors: Huang Weiqi , Zhang Xu , Li Yanqiang , Zhou Yang , Chen Xin , Li Xiaoqi , Wu Fafa , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBirefringent crystals that can modulate the polarization of light play a significant role in modern optical devices including polarizing microscopes, optical isolators, and achromatic quarter‐wave plates. To date, commercial birefringent crystals are exclusively limited to purely inorganic compounds. Here we report a new organic–inorganic hybrid halide, MLAPbBr4 (MLA=melamine), which features a (110)‐oriented layered perovskite structure. Although the 6s2 lone‐pair electrons of Pb2+ cations are stereochemically inert, MLAPbBr4 exhibits a birefringence of 0.322@550 nm, which exceeds those of all commercial birefringent crystals. The first‐principles calculations reveal that this birefringence should be ascribed to the highly dislocated π‐conjugation of MLA cations and high distortion of PbBr6 octahedra. This work highlights the persistently neglected great potential of hybrid halide perovskites as birefringent crystals.
Landscape features and forest maturity promote the occurrence of macroinvertebrates specialized for seepage springs in urban forests in Washington, DC
Authors: Burch Elizabeth , Culver David C. , Alonzo Michael , Malloy Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The hypotelminorheic is a groundwater‐fed shallow subterranean habitat, occurring a few metres below the surface and emerging at a seepage spring. Little is known about the habitat requirements for the amphipods and isopods that live there, and forest quality and other surface parameters have been largely unexplored. Urban parks, encompassing protected lands from ballfields to forests, are not necessarily secure sites, because of non‐compatible uses and changing park boundaries.
Almost all records for this fauna in the study area are in parks. Using data from sampling in parklands of south‐east Washington, DC, exploratory analyses were conducted at two spatial scales – the seeps and pervious land patches surrounded by impervious surfaces (which range from 0.59 to 231 ha). Habitat quality, fragmentation and geological variables were calculated, and exploratory logistic regression models were fitted to predict occupancy.
Hypotelminorheic macroinvertebrates were found at 66 of 207 seeps and 15 of 27 patches. Five species were collected, three of which were uncommon. Only patches containing three or more seeps and >7.6 ha were inhabited. Occurrence of one or more species in seeps was associated with distance inside the forest, taller tree canopy, elevation and geological formation.
There is a threshold amount of habitat below which a population can no longer exist. Few patches of forest remain that are sufficiently large for habitation, and conservation actions should prioritize forested patches with three or more seeps. In addition, the development of forested corridors to enhance connectivity among populations, education of the public about the value of the hypotelminorheic, and development of field methods to detect habitats is recommended. Urban parklands can be important reservoirs for species of conservation concern.
Thiophene‐containing compounds with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Roman Gheorghe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThiophene, as a member of the group of five‐membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom, is one of the simplest heterocyclic systems. Many synthetic strategies allow the accurate positioning of various functionalities onto the thiophene ring. This review provides a comprehensive, systematic and detailed account of the developments in the field of antimicrobial compounds featuring at least one thiophene ring in their structure, over the last decade.
Internationally mobile scientists as knowledge transmitters: A lexical‐based approach to detect knowledge transfer
Authors: Aman Valeria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the knowledge transfer of internationally mobile scientists. It builds upon previous work on the development of methods for detecting the knowledge transfer of German scientists. Using abstract terms of publications covered in Scopus, this paper proposes a lexical‐based approach to identify knowledge transmitters. These scientists are characterized by acquiring knowledge from their co‐workers during their international stay and transferring it upon return to German co‐workers. Knowledge is operationalized as the co‐occurrence of rarely used abstract terms. Knowledge transfer is expressed as the diffusion of these term combinations in co‐authorship networks. The method developed was validated by contacting the bibliometrically identified knowledge transmitters and asking them what they believe they learned during their stay abroad. A control group of internationally mobile scientists without traceable knowledge transfer was similarly asked to report on their knowledge acquisition. The findings suggest that bibliometric data are capable of detecting knowledge transmitters among German scientists who were internationally mobile. The juxtaposition of the responses on their perceived knowledge acquisition and the bibliometrically identified lexical terms shows that the method proposed is well suited to studying the knowledge transfer of internationally mobile scientists. The strength of the method is its simplicity and high precision.
Manganese‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Alkylation of Indolines and Arenes with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Verma Suryadev K. , Punji Benudhar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelective C(sp2)−H bond alkylation of indoline, carbazole and (2‐pyridinyl)arenes with unactivated alkyl bromides is achieved using MnBr2 catalyst in the absence of an external ligand. The alkylation uses a simple LiHMDS base and avoids the necessity of Grignard reagent, unlike other Mn‐catalyzed C−H functionalization. This reaction proceeded either through a five‐ or a less‐favored six‐membered metallacycle, and tolerated diverse functionalities, including alkenyl, alkynyl, silyl, aryl ether, pyrrolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl and alkyl bearing fatty alcohol and polycyclic‐steroid moieties. Alkylation follows a single electron transfer (SET) pathway involving 1e oxidative addition of alkyl bromide and a rate‐limiting C−H metalation.
Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases
Authors: Slavny‐Cross Rachel , Allison Carrie , Griffiths Sarah , Baron‐Cohen Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety‐three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self‐harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases.Lay SummaryThis study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people.
The many faces of the unusual biofilm activator RemA
Authors: Bremer Erhard , Hoffmann Tamara , Dempwolff Felix , Bedrunka Patricia , Bange Gert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiofilms can be viewed as tissue‐like structures in which microorganisms are organized in a spatial and functional sophisticated manner. Biofilm formation requires the orchestration of a highly integrated network of regulatory proteins to establish cell differentiation and production of a complex extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the role of the essential Bacillus subtilis biofilm activator RemA. Despite intense research on biofilms, RemA is a largely underappreciated regulatory protein. RemA forms donut‐shaped octamers with the potential to assemble into dimeric superstructures. The presumed DNA‐binding mode suggests that RemA organizes its target DNA into nucleosome‐like structures, which are the basis for its role as transcriptional activator. We discuss how RemA affects gene expression in the context of biofilm formation, and its regulatory interplay with established components of the biofilm regulatory network, such as SinR, SinI, SlrR, and SlrA. We emphasize the additional role of RemA played in nitrogen metabolism and osmotic‐stress adjustment.