bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutral Density Filters as a Tool for Cycloplegic Plusoptix-Photorefractor Measurements: An Explorative Study
Authors: Maria van Minderhout Helena , Joosse Maurits Victor , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of neutral-density (ND) filters in cycloplegic-Plusoptix-photorefractor measurements.

Methods:
No-filter and ND-filter 0.04, 0.1 and 0.2 cycloplegic-Plusoptix-photorefractor measurements were made in 42 hypermetropic eyes. Sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent (SEQ), J0, and J45 values were compared.

Results:
Mean Plusoptix-photorefractor pupil sizes were 7.7±0.68 and 7.7±0.72 mm The no-filter failure rate was 16%, with 87% in pupils >7.8 mm. Mean no-filter sphere, cylinder, SEQ, J0 and J45 values were +0.34±0.35D, -0.29±0.22D, +0.20±0.36, -0.00±0.15, and +0.02±0.11, respectively. Only ND-filter-0.04 provided 5% more successful measurements and a clinically significant alteration in the percentage of values exceeding 0.5D for sphere and SEQ (-10% and -20%), but not for cylinder (+5%). Despite the increased accuracy, 21% of the spherical outcome exceeded 0.50D. Furthermore, the single-measure-intraclass-correlation-coefficient between no-filter and ND-filter-0.04 outcome was moderate (sphere 0.78 (0.62-0.87), cylinder 0.59 (0.35-0.75), SEQ 0.68 (0.48-0.82), J0 0.73 (0.54-0.84) and J45 0.57 (0.50-0.86)) and indicated significant individual variation. Bland-Altman-analyses indicated significant bias for sphere and SEQ; p=0.038 and p=0.030.

Conclusion:
ND-filter-0.04 resulted in a larger proportion of successful measurements and an increased accuracy. However, an unacceptable percentage of inaccuracy was still present compared to retinoscopy. There could be validity issues with the ND-filter 0.04 or the baseline no-filter readings at the start. We conclude that cycloplegic Plusoptix-photorefraction, even with the use of a 0.04 ND filter, is not a suitable method for exact objective refraction purposes in children.
Molecular and Serological Testing for Brucellosis in Egypt
Authors: Johar Dina , Abd Elaal Mahmoud A.M. , Bakr Asmaa , Sakr Rokia A. , Bahbah Eshak I. , Elshemy Eman Elsayed , Zaky Samy 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Brucellosis is highly endemic in the Mediterranean Basin, including
Egypt. Despite attempts to control the disease in Egypt, there are still significant problems with
diagnostic accuracy. The prevalence and incidence of brucellosis are unknown and we have
uncertain predictive prognostic tests for brucellosis treatment results. Identification of the actual
epidemiological burden of brucellosis in Egypt, and levels of the brucellosis antibody titer
among rural and urban populations is critical to the evaluation of combined treatment approaches
that achieve lesser relapse rates.

Objective:
To determine the current prevalence of brucellosis infections in Egypt and changes
in its epidemiological pattern.

Methods:
We compared the available diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, cost,
and time consumption of serological tests with those from quantitative polymerase chain reaction
(qPCR) to establish their ability to meet the diagnostic criteria. Also, we conducted surveillance
of the rates of brucellosis infection in both humans and animals.

Results:
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blood cultures were less sensitive
diagnostic methods for the detection of brucellosis. These approaches are technically
challenging and have a high likelihood of false negatives. Therefore, they are best reserved for
suspected cases with negative standard agglutination test (SAT).

Conclusion:
A more practical approach to the diagnosis of brucellosis depends on epidemiological
testing for risk factors, clinically suspected cases, and SAT titers ≥ 1/320. Strategies to
prevent relapsing include: 1) Health education of patients, 2) Long-term triple therapy, e.g.,
three months, with possible extension to six months in severe or recurrent cases or when complications
occur.
An mHealth App to Promote Adherence to Immunosuppressant Medication and Track Symptoms in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Usability Study
Authors: Skeens Micah , Sezgin Emre , Stevens Jack , Landier Wendy , Pai Ahna , Gerhardt Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

Background
In the United States, poor adherence accounts for up to 70% of all medication-related hospital admissions, resulting in $100 billion in health care costs annually. In pediatrics, adherence is largely dependent on caregivers. In a high-risk hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) population, caregivers are isolated with their child due to infection risk and must manage challenging treatment regimens at home, often with limited time and support. Complex behavioral interventions, typically employed to address adherence, are difficult to deliver and manage in the context of these daily tasks. The most successful adherence interventions, and thus improved clinical outcomes, have included mobile health (mHealth) reminder approaches and a direct measure of adherence.

Objective
This is a 3-phase project, with this protocol describing phase 2, to determine the usability and feasibility of an mHealth app (BMT4me) designed to promote adherence to immunosuppressant medication and to track symptoms among children who received HSCT.

Methods
This study uses an iterative convergent mixed methods design to develop and assess the usability and feasibility of an adherence digital health intervention. We will recruit 15 caregivers of pediatric patients receiving HSCT to complete user testing. Qualitative and quantitative data will be integrated to enhance and expand upon study findings.

Results
Enrollment began in September 2021 and is ongoing. A total of 7 caregivers have enrolled. We anticipate completion by fall 2022. We anticipate high usability scores and a better understanding of unique features within the app that are needed for HSCT families post transplant. To date, usability scores among enrolled participants are greater than 70%. Feedback from qualitative interviews is being used to further adapt the app by adding specific weekly logs, call provider options, and voice to text.

Conclusions
This protocol describes a mixed methods usability and feasibility study to develop and implement a smartphone app for caregivers of children receiving HSCT. The app was designed to improve immunosuppressant adherence and to track symptoms in the acute phase post discharge. Study findings will inform further refinement of the app and the feasibility of a pilot randomized controlled trial examining efficacy on clinical outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04976933; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04976933

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/39098
ROTATION OF LOCAL COORDINATE FOR ANALYSIS DRAWING PPROCESS OF METAL POLYGONAL SECTION BY (FEM)
Authors: Faris Saad 
Published: July 2022

The most important activity of metal forming technology is the correct design of stages geometry for economic consideration in order to increase the metals utilization coefficient and the productivity realized products with high dimensional accuracy and a finer quality of worked surface.In this Study the rotation of local coordinate by using finite element method through (M. S. C / Nastran ) are investigating with influencing of some parameters such as , Reduction area , Simi die angle and friction factor to obtain the stresses and strains developed during the drawing process of polygonal section from round section .The results show that its possible to use the technique of rotation of local Coordinate in all programs of ( F.E.M ) to analysis metal forming process especially when the friction factor = 0.1 , Simi die angle = 9, Reduction area =35% which are gives good agreement to the results of ( U.B.T )and the practical results.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCHLORATE BY DIRECT METHOD USING GRAPHITE SUBSTRATE LEAD DIOXIDE (GSLD) ANODE
Authors: Ahmed D. Wiheeb  
Published: July 2022

Sodium perchlorate has been prepared electrochemically from sodium chloride solutions in one step by passing a direct current through the solution , in the presence of certain addition agents (like sodium fluoride). A laboratory electrolytic cell has been designed to obtain experimental results for the preparation of sodium perchlorate. A solution of sodium chloride (290 g/l ) and sodium fluoride (2 g/l ) is electrolyzed in a batch wise. A stainless steel cathode and Graphite substrate lead dioxide (GSLD) anode are satisfactory . The influence of anodic current density , temperature ,and pH of electrolyte on current efficiency of sodium perchlorate formation were studied. The current efficiency of about 68% was obtained by using (GSLD) anode
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MAKHOOL DAM STILLING BASIN
Authors: Muhanad Mohammed Abbas  
Published: July 2022

This research is an experimental investigation on the hydraulic performance of the combined hydraulic jump and plunge pool stilling basin operating under high head for Makhool Dam. Two series of tests are carried out; the first series are on the model as it is designed, while the second series are on a modified model by adding two rows of chute blocks.
(81) Experiments are performed on both models. The results indicated that for the first model the stilling basin length can be reduced and there is negative pressure at the beginning of the jump on the sloping apron with high turbulence and unstable water surface. After adding the chute blocks, the tests of the second model indicated that the stilling basin length can be reduced and all pressures are positive with reasonably stable water surface as well as lower turbulence. Therefore, chute blocks are recommended to be added
STUDYING THE STRESS ANALYSIS IN LEAF SPRING BY FINITE ELEMENTS METHOD
Authors: Abdul Karim Selman Abdul Karim  
Published: July 2022

Light truck is considerably crucial for all the world economic growth since it was used in transportation for various kinds of commodities. Leaf spring is the most admire alternative utilized in the suspension system of this specific truck due to their low production cost, reliability and maintainability. In this, study a rational technique to design leaf spring for light truck is investigated. Simulation resembles to constrained condition when mounting on the vehicles were undertaken to examine the stresses distribution for each leaf. In this research the leaf spring is used on light truck with following information:
Number of leaves equal five, Thickness of each leaf equal 10mm, length of distance from vertical line that divides the leaf spring to two equal parts, to one end of side of leaf spring, varies from (500 to 1000)mm, Radius of bow- shaped leaf spring varies from (1250 to 3000)mm and constant load applied on the first leaf equal 1000N on each side. The number of cases studied equal 24 case. The finite element method was applied as a method of analysis to examine the stress distribution for each leaf.
تقييم بعض المواصفات الميكانيكية لوصلات لحام الفولاذ مقاوم الصدأ الاوستنايتي (316L)
Authors: ALazzawi Sami Ali 
Published: July 2022

تناول هذا البحث إنتاج وصلات لحام من الفولاذ مقاوم الصدأ الاوستنايتي (316l ) بطريقة لحام القوس الكهربائي المعدني المغلف بالصهيرة ( SMAW ) باستعمال أربعة أنواع من أقطاب اللحام هي ( E7018 ، E6013 ، E309L ، E308L ) مع ثبات متغيرات اللحام الأخرى إذ كان سمك الصفيحة ( 6mm ) وتيار اللحام (120A ) والفولتية ( 78V ) والقطبية العكسية ( DCRP ) وقطر القطب ( 3.25 ) ملم . وتم أجراء فحوصات مختلفة شملت الفحص العياني والتصوير بالأشعة السينية وفحص طور دلتا – فيرايت وفحص البنية المجهرية . وكذلك تم أجراء الاختبارات الميكانيكية ومنها اختبار الشد ، اختبار ألحني واختبار الصلادة الدقيقة.
أظهرت النتائج أن القطبان ( E308L ،E309L ) كانا ملائمين في لحام الوصلات من الفولاذ مقاوم الصدأ (316L ). وبينت نتائج الشد بتقارب النتائج للملحومات ولكافة الأقطاب المستعملة باستثناء الملحومات باستعمال قطب اللحام ( E6013 ) حيث كانت تبتعد بانحراف معياري 30%.
وفي معظم الملحومات ظهرت صلادة منطقة اللحام أعلى من صلادة المنطقة المتأثرة بالحرارة (HAZ) والمعدن الاساس . وأوضحت نتائج الفحص لطور دلتا – فيرايت في الملحومات أن قيمة دلتا – فيرايت تتراوح من
THE INFLUENCE OF APEX ANGLE ON MIXED CONVECTION IN A POROUS SECTOR CHANNEL
Authors: Manar Salih Mahdi  
Published: July 2022

The influence of apex angle on mixed convection in a horizontal porous sector channel is investigated. The analysis is performed by considering fully- developed hydrodynamically and thermally flow. The governing equations have been solved numerically using finite difference method. The channel is heated from the right surface, and cooled from the left one –both are held at constant temperature- while the top surface is adiabatic. The numerical analysis has been conducted in the following range of parameters: radius of the sector=4, (Pe=20(, (Ra*=100 and 1000(, the apex angle (Φ=30o, 60o, 75o and 90o). The results are presented to demonstrate the effect of increasing the apex angle on the streamlines, the isotherms and local Nusselt number. The highest stream function appears in a specified apex angle depending on Ra*. The local Nusselt number values are decreasing as the apex angle is increasing at (Ra*=1000), while at (Ra*=100) its values are increasing as the apex angle is increasing. A correlating equation is suggested to correlate ( (against apex angle (Φ) and (Ra*( for )Pe=20(.
IMPROVEMENT OF GYPSEOUS SOIL BY PRE-WETTING
Authors: Awn Safa Hussain Abid 
Published: July 2022

Gypseous soil is one of problematic soils facing civil engineer. The problem appears when constructing heavy buildings or hydraulic structures on these soils after wetted by water from rainfall or from the raising of water table level from any source.
On the other hand gypseous soil is considerably strong and has good properties when it is dry. The dissolution of gypsum depends on many factors: gypsum content, temperature, atmospheric pressure and others. Number of Remedies for these soils was carried out by many investigators, some of these methods are not workable, and the others are expansive.
A new method of improving the collapsibility of such soil was presented by Prewetting Gypseous soil with water many cycles using laboratory and field models with different footing stress, which reduces the collapsibility of this soil primary. A laboratory model of 320 mm diameter and 472 mm height made from thick plastic was used. Two soils with different gypsum content 50% and 70%, brought from Aldor and Balad, in Salah Al Deen government in Iraq, was used. A footing of circular base (50 mm diameter), applies 45 kN/m2 and 100kN/m2 stresses with the aid of fix weights placed on it. The results of laboratory tests on the model samples shows a considerable reduction percent in the deformation ratio (Settlement/width of footing (S/B)) of 63% achieved from the 3rd wetting cycle by water for sample contain 50% gypsum. The reduction percent was 91% at the 3rd cycle of prewetting for sample containing 70% gypsum tested at stress level up to 45kN/m2, while it is 86% for the laboratory model with 100kN/m2 applied stress, with the same gypsum content. The results of field test for the soil containing70% gypsum tested at 100kN/m2 stress shows a pronounce improvement in the S/B value which gives a reduction percent reaches 90 %, which shows a considerable improvement in the collapsibility of this problematic soil.
دراسة تأثير التقسية بزيت المحركات فاقد اللزوجة والمراجعة على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية لسبيكة الفولاذ (CK 38)
Authors: حاتم عبد حسن  
Published: July 2022

يهدف البحث لتحسين بعض الخواص والمواصفات الميكانيكية للفولاذ الكربوني السبيكة (CK38) و منها (إجهاد الخضوع , أقصى إجهاد شد , إجهاد الكسر ,اجهادات القص , المطيلية , مقاومة الصدمة و طاقة الكسر الديناميكية و الاستاتيكية ) من خلال تقسية (15) عينة لكل من اختبار الشد والصدمة بالزيت الفاقد للزوجته و وظيفته التزييتية كوسط تقسية مع التدوير للزيت عند إجراء التقسية ثم المراجعة عند درجة حرارة 260 oC , 460 oC , 650 oC ) ( ( أي (3) عينات لكل درجة حرارة مراجعة ,(5) لاختبار الصلادة و (1) لاختبار التركيب الكيمياوي . و تمت مقارنة مواصفات وخواص العينات قبل المعاملة الحرارية بمواصفات وخواص العينات بعد المعاملة الحرارية لغرض بيان إمكانية استخدامها في تصنيع أجزاء هندسية كثيرة وهامة المكائن والمعدات والعدد والقوالب وقد بينت النتائج ان المعاملة الحرارية المنفذة أحدثت تحسينا في المطيلية , إجهاد الخضوع أقصى إجهاد شد , إجهاد الكسر ,اجهادات القص ,مقاومة الصدمة ,الصلادة وطاقة الكسر الديناميكية و الاستاتيكية مما يوسع مجال استخدامها في التصنيع
AN EFFICIENT REARRANGEMENT OF DATA FOR GRAY IMAGE COMPRESSION BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Hussain F. Mahdi  
Published: July 2022

In this paper a new method is a proposed for gray image compression based on re-ordering the data of image before applying a wavelet transform. The advantage of converting the color image into luminance-chrominance color space is that the luminance and chrominance components are very much decorrelated between each other. Moreover, the chrominance signals contain much redundant information and can easily be subsampled without sacrificing any visual quality for the reconstructed image
In this paper a rearrangement of the gray image data is done by dividing it into three components (similar the RGB components of the color image) and convert color space from RGB to YCbCr (Y: luminance, Cb chrominance/blue, and Cr is chrominance/red) then apply wavelet transform. This method can return information more than wavelet method therefore very good result and high PSNR are obtained when it is compared with wavelet transform
دراسة كفاءة الأداء للبناء الجاهز بحث تطبيقي على بناية قسم الهندسة المدنية-جامعة تكريت
Authors: هناء خليل ألبياتي  
Published: July 2022

يعرف البناء الجاهز انه نوع من المباني الذي يتكون من عدة عناصر أو وحدات منمطة تهيئ في المصانع بصورة مسبقة والتي يتم تجميعها في الموقع. وان مصطلح (مسبق الصنع) هو مصطلح يشير إلى إن عناصر البناء الجاهز تصنع في ورشة العمل أو في المصنع، وبعد ذلك يتم تجميعها مع عناصر أخرى.
يهدف هذا البحث إلى تناول التجربة العراقية في البناء الجاهز اذ تم تنفيذ عدد من البنايات الجاهزة وفق هذا النظام واستحدثت معامل لهذا الغرض في بغداد والمحافظات.
وتتلخص مشكلة البحث الحالي في وجود القصور المعرفي تجاه البناء الجاهز باعتباره نظاما بنائيا مساندا للأنظمة الموجودة. وافترض البحث بأن هناك تأثير بين تصميم قطع البناء الجاهز وسرعة انجازها حسب مرونة تصميمها وشكلها الخارجي. وكانت المادة التطبيقية للبحث هي دراسة كفاءة ألاداء للبناء الجاهز في بناية كلية الهندسة- قسم الهندسة المدنية في جامعة تكريت حيث نفذت بهذا الأسلوب وقيمت إيجابا وسلبا من حيث الخواص الإنشائي والأبعاد المعتمدة وخصائص الفضاءات المستخدمة فيها عن طريق توزيع استمارات الاستبيان و جمع البيانات عن طريق عينة عشوائية شملت المشاركين في تنفيذ الأبنية ومستخدمي الأبنية وتم تحليل النتائج وفق برامج إحصائية .
والأبعاد المعتمدة وخصائص الفضاءات المستخدمة فيها عن طريق توزيع استمارات الاستبيان و جمع البيانات عن طريق عينة عشوائية شملت المشاركين في تنفيذ الأبنية ومستخدمي الأبنية وتم تحليل النتائج وفق برامج إحصائية .
EVALUATION OF FIRE ENDURANCE OF SELF COMPACTED CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCED WITH STEEL FIBER REINFORCEMENT AND STEEL BARS
Authors: Zena Waleed Abass  
Published: July 2022

The effect of steel fiber on the deflection of self- compacted slabs under fire (6000c) was investigated in this study. Three specimens were tested experimentally and numerically ( by using sophisticated finite element programme ANSYS 7.0) to determine the deflection of these specimens under two point load after burned under (6000c) in a tested furnace for four hours. Numerical study by using ANSYS programme is performed to calculate the critical temperature and the temperature through the slabs with steel fiber content of (0%,0.2%, and 0.5%). Another six model slabs with steel fiber content of (0.5%) were studied numerically by using ANSYS 7.0 to investigate the effect of arrange of parameters on the fire performance of self- compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs. The main factors that influence the fire resistance of self- compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs are: slab thickness, concrete cover thickness , moisture content. The experimental results showed that the deflection of burned slab with steel fiber of (0.2%) decreased to 30% than the deflection of burned slab without steel fiber under the same failure load. While the deflection of burned slab with steel fiber of (0.5%) decreased to 50% than the deflection of burned slab without steel fiber under the same failure load. On the other hand , the deflection results were checked with finite elements method by using sophisticated finite element programme (ANSYS 7.0) and it was found that the results were acceptable and the difference was not more than 9%. The results from thermal analysis showed that the temperature decrease with the increase in the concrete depth of the self compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs, while the critical temperature for the slabs with steel fiber of (0%,0.2%,0.5%) were (2500c, 3500c, 5800c) respectively. Parametric study results showed that the slab thickness dose not have significant effect on the fire resistance of the self compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs, while concrete cover thickness has a significant effect on the fire resistance of the self compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs. Fire resistance increases with an increase in the moisture content of the concrete in the slabs.
A STUDY FOR CONVERSION OF MECHANICAL CONTROL SYSTEM TO ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Ali Fahad Fahem  
Published: July 2022

This paper study the conversion of the mechannical control system to electrical control system for the softdrink machine which use gears as timers in the process of counting the number of the bottles and in the process of controlling the level of the softdrink in the bottle. The electricl control system use electronical components such as integrate circuits (counters , timers , LCD display ) , using the counter to count the number of the bottles with the use of the photosensor ( in our paper counting every four bottles )and adjusting the level of the fluid by one of the following methods. The first method of controling the level of the liquid is by the timer which is fixed at time which is required to fill the bottle to the adequate level and it is adjustable according to the volume of the bottle. The Second method for conteroling the level of the liquid is the ultrasonic device which use the ultrasonic sensor to control the level of the fluid and it is adjustable according to the distance between the sensor and the bottle. The results of the electrical and mechanical models achived the satisfication results
NUMERICAL PROCEDURE TO DESIGN A DIE AND STUDY ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME PARAMETERS INFLUENCING ON THE BENDING PROCESS OF SHELLS
Authors: Sami Ali Nawi ALazzawi  
Published: July 2022

In this study a numerical procedure was proposed for the design a die bending to study the effect of springback which influences the bending process and its relationship with other parameters such as friction coefficient, bending load, die geometry, sheet thickness, Young modules, and stress level. Using available finite element program code( ANSYS .11) 3- Dimension ax symmetric model of semi conical shells was used to solve problems with material and geometric nonlinearities including large elastic- plastic strains and obeying bilinear isotropic hardening law. The result compared with analytical solution and showed that the best bending variables for producing completely product without failure are found as initial bending force = 12 KN, coefficient of friction = 0.1, the cone angle = 30 deg. So the springback increases inversely with young modulus and is normally compensated for by over bending the part also can bend at elevated temps to minimize springback A high value of stress and strain appears to be a good indicator to assess whether forming operation will be successful or not. The theories results were compared with Numerical solution and showed that a good agreement was compared with old research