bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 induction in dermatomyositis
Authors: Wu Dan , Chen Mengya , Chen Shile , Zhang Shimin , Chen Yongheng , Zhao Qian , Xue Ke , Xue Feng , Chen Xiaosong , Zhou Min , Li Hao , Zheng Jie , Le Yunchen , Cao Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Extrahepatic tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) induction was found to be associated with intrinsic immune regulation. However, the Trp-Kyn metabolism–associated immune regulation in dermatomyositis (DM) remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of the Trp-Kyn metabolism via IDO1 induction in DM.

Methods
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) was used to examine the serum Kyn and Trp concentrations in DM. In addition, we used X-tile software to determine the optimal cutoff value of the Kyn/Trp ratio, a surrogate marker for Trp-Kyn metabolism. Spearman analysis was performed to evaluate the association of Trp-Kyn metabolism with muscle enzymes and inflammatory markers.

Results
DM patients had significantly higher serum Kyn/Trp ratio (× 10−3) when compared with the healthy controls. The serum Kyn/Trp ratio was positively correlated with the levels of muscle enzymes and inflammatory markers. In addition, the serum Kyn/Trp ratio significantly decreased (36.89 (26.00–54.00) vs. 25.00 (18.00–37.00), P = 0.0006) after treatment. DM patients with high serum Kyn/Trp ratio had a significantly higher percentage of muscle weakness symptoms (62.5% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.019) and higher levels of LDH (316.0 (236.0–467.0) vs. 198.0 (144.0–256.0), P = 0.004) and AST (56.5 (35.0–92.2) vs. 23.0 (20.0–36.0), P = 0.002)) than those with low serum Kyn/Trp ratio. Multiple Cox regression analyses identified ln(Kyn/Trp) (HR 4.874, 95% CI 1.105–21.499, P = 0.036) as an independent prognostic predictor of mortality in DM.

Conclusions
DM patients with enhanced Trp-Kyn metabolism at disease onset are characterized by more severe disease status and poor prognosis. Intrinsic immune regulation function via enhanced Trp-Kyn metabolism by IDO1 induction may be a potential therapeutic target in DM.

Key Points• HPLC–MS identified increased serum Kyn/Trp ratio in DM patients, which positively correlated with levels of muscle enzymes and inflammatory markers and was downregulated upon treatment.• Cox regression analyses identified ln(Kyn/Trp) as an independent prognostic predictor of mortality in DM.• Monitoring intrinsic immune regulation function should be considered a potential therapeutic target in DM patients.
Evidence for the Role of State-Level Economic Policy in HIV Risk Reduction: State Earned Income Tax Credit Generosity and HIV Risk Behavior Among Single Mothers
Authors: Narain Kimberly Danae Cauley , Harawa Nina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the impact of State-level Earned Income Tax Credit (SEITC) generosity on HIV risk behavior among single mothers with low education. We merged individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2002–2018) with state-level data from the University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research and conducted a multi-state, multi-year difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. We found that a refundable SEITC ≥ 10% of the Federal Earned Income Tax Credit was associated with 21% relative risk reduction in reporting any high-risk behavior for HIV in the last year, relative to no SEITC. We also found that a 10-percentage point increase in SEITC generosity was associated with 38% relative risk reduction in reporting any high-risk HIV behavior in the last year. SEITC policy may be an important strategy to reduce the burden of HIV infections among women with low socioeconomic status, particularly single mothers.
The Influence of Transmission-Based and Moral-Based HIV Stigma Beliefs on Intentions to Discriminate Among Ward Staff in South Indian Health Care Settings
Authors: Steward Wayne T. , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Raj Tony , Heylen Elsa , Nyblade Laura , Mazur Amanda , Devadass Dhinagaran , Pereira Matilda , Ekstrand Maria L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHIV stigma is comprised of several beliefs, including transmission fears and moral judgments against affected communities. We examined the relationships among HIV-related stigma beliefs, endorsement of coercive measures for people living with HIV (PLWH), and intentions to discriminate. We sought to understand to what degree the different stigma beliefs shape support for restrictive policies and discriminatory intentions. Data were drawn from the baseline assessment of DriSti, a cluster randomized controlled trial of an HIV stigma reduction intervention in Indian healthcare settings (NCT02101697). Participants completed measures assessing transmission fears and moral judgments of HIV, endorsement of coercive measures against PLWH (public disclosure of HIV status, refusal of healthcare services, marriage and family restrictions, required testing, and sharing of HIV information in a clinic), and intentions to discriminate against PLWH in professional and personal settings. We utilized multivariate regression modeling with backward elimination to identify the coercive measures and behavioral intentions most strongly associated with moral judgments. 1540 ward staff members completed the assessment. Participants had relatively high perceptions of transmission fears (M = 1.92, SD = 0.79) and moral judgments (M = 1.69, SD = 0.83); endorsed more intentions to discriminate in professional (M = 6.54, SD = 2.28) than personal settings (M = 2.07, SD = 1.49), and endorsed approximately half of all coercive measures (M = 9.47, SD = 2.68). After controlling for transmission fears, perceptions of stronger moral judgments against PLWH were significantly associated with higher endorsement of coercive measures related to refusing services (β = 0.10, t = 4.14, p < 0.001) and sharing patients’ HIV status in clinics (β = 0.07, t = 3.04, p = 0.002), as well as with stronger behavioral intentions to discriminate in professional settings (β = 0.05, t = 2.20, p = 0.022). HIV stigma interventions for hospital-based ward staff in India need to focus on both transmission fears and moral judgments that underlie prejudicial beliefs. While the moral judgments are not technically related to risk in a hospital setting, our findings suggest that personnel will continue to discriminate in their professional work so long as these beliefs bear on their decisions and actions.
Fixed-Wing UAV Energy Efficient 3D Path Planning in Cluttered Environments
Authors: Aiello Giuseppe , Valavanis Kimon P. , Rizzo Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUAV path planning in 3D cluttered and uncertain environments centers on finding an optimal / sub-optimal collision-free path, considering in parallel geometric, physical and temporal constraints, fox example, obstacles, infrastructure, physical or artificial landmarks, etc. This paper introduces a novel node-based algorithm, called Energy Efficient A* (EEA*), which is based on the A* search algorithm, but overcomes some of its key limitations. The EEA* deals with 3D environments, it is robust converging fast to the solution, it is energy efficient and it is real-time implementable and executable. In addition to the EEA*, a local path planner is also derived to cope with unknown dynamic threats within the working environment. The EEA* and the local path planner are first implemented and evaluated via simulated experiments using a fixed-wing UAV operating in mountain-like 3D environments, and in the presence of unknown dynamic obstacles. This is followed by evaluating a set up where three UAVs are commanded to follow their respective paths in a safe way. The energy efficiency of EEA* is also tested and compared with the conventional A* algorithm.
“I Feel You!”: The Role of Empathic Competences in Reducing Ethnic Prejudice Among Adolescents
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmpathic competences might help adolescents navigate current multicultural societies by supporting harmonious intergroup relations. Yet it is unclear how each component of empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking) is associated with different dimensions (affective, cognitive, behavioral) of ethnic prejudice. The current study aims to fill this gap. A total of 259 Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.60, 87.6% female) completed online questionnaires at three time points (i.e., April, May, and October 2021). The results of cross-lagged models indicated that empathic concern was directly and indirectly associated with reduced affective, cognitive, and behavioral ethnic prejudice, while perspective-taking was linked to increases in cognitive and one facet of behavioral (i.e., lower contact willingness) prejudice. Furthermore, the prevalence of affect over cognition was found, with the affective component of both empathic competences (i.e., empathic concern) and ethnic prejudice exerting the strongest influence on the cognitive ones.
Synthesis and characterization of calcium oxide nanoparticles for CO2 capture
Authors: Khine Ei Ei , Koncz-Horvath Daniel , Kristaly Ferenc , Ferenczi Tibor , Karacs Gabor , Baumli Peter , Kaptay George 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported by a precipitation method, using CaCl2 and NaOH as starting raw materials. The produced NPs were characterized for chemical composition, phase composition, particle size distribution, morphological features, specific surface area, and crystallite sizes. It is shown that calcination of Ca(OH)2 in vacuum takes place faster/at a lower temperature compared to the calcination in air due to the higher entropy of the gaseous product of calcination. It is also shown that when these CaO nanoparticles are kept at room temperature in air, they fully and spontaneously transform into CaCO3 within 3 weeks. Therefore, if this material is disposed in open fields (not necessarily in industrial conditions), it is able to capture carbon dioxide from normal air slowly, but surely. However, when the CaO nanoparticles are kept in the air at 100–200 °C, they mostly capture water vapor from the air instead of carbon dioxide, and the resulting calcium hydroxide blocks the carbon dioxide capture by CaO nanoparticles.
Social innovation, goal orientation, and openness: insights from social enterprise hybrids
Authors: Hagedoorn John , Haugh Helen , Robson Paul , Sugar Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe empirically examine social innovation and openness through a survey of social enterprise hybrids in the United Kingdom (UK). Social innovation refers to new products, processes, and services that respond to grand challenges. Social enterprises pursue economic, social, and environmental goals but vary in their goal orientation, namely the relative importance ascribed to such goals. We first explore the relationships between commercial, social, and environmental goal orientation and social innovation performance. Next, we consider the moderating impact of openness to external knowledge and ideas on social innovation performance. Our analysis finds positive and significant relationships between commercial and social goal orientation and social innovation performance, but no relationship with environmental goal orientation. In addition, the use of external sources of knowledge and ideas positively strengthens these relationships for both commercial and social goal orientation but not for environmental goal orientation. Our results reveal some important influences on social innovation, openness, and hybrid organizing.
Environmental impact assessment of nanofluids containing mixtures of surfactants and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Lechuga Manuela , Fernández-Serrano Mercedes , Ríos Francisco , Fernández-Arteaga Alejandro , Jiménez-Robles Ramón 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to widespread use of nanoparticles in surfactant-based formulations, their release into the environment and wastewater is unavoidable and toxic for biota and/or wastewater treatment processes. Because of concerns over the environmental impacts of nanofluids, studies of the fate and environmental impacts, hazards, and toxicities of nanoparticles are beginning. However, interactions between nanoparticles and surfactants and the biodegradability of these mixtures have been little studied until now. In this work, the environmental impacts of nanofluids containing mixtures of surfactants and silica nanoparticles were valuated. The systems studied were hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (sizes 7 and 12 nm), a nonionic surfactant (alkyl polyglucoside), an anionic surfactant (ether carboxylic acid), and mixtures of them. The ultimate aerobic biodegradation and the interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactants, nanoparticles, and mixtures during biodegradation were also evaluated. Ultimate biodegradation was studied below and above the CMCs of the individual surfactants. The interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactant solutions containing nanoparticles were influenced by the addition of silica particles. It was determined that silica nanoparticles reduced the capability of the nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside to decrease the surface tension. Thus, silica NPs promoted a considerable increase in the surfactant CMC, whereas the effect was opposite in the case of the anionic surfactant ether carboxylic acid. Increasing concentrations of surfactant and nanoparticles in the test medium caused decreases in the maximum levels of mineralization reached for both types of surfactants. The presence of silica nanoparticles in the medium reduced the biodegradability of binary mixtures containing nonionic and anionic surfactants, and this effect was more pronounced for larger nanoparticles. These results could be useful in modelling the behaviour of nanofluids in aquatic environments and in selecting appropriate nanofluids containing nanoparticles and surfactants with low environmental impact.Graphical abstract
Designing for a Healthier Makassar, Indonesia: Participatory Systems Mapping
Authors: Afdhal Muh. , Alam Andi , Grattan Karen , Goldman Bailey , Isa Ahmad , Pomeroy–Stevens Amanda , Bachani Damodar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Makassar, Indonesia, the USAID-funded Building Healthy Cities (BHC) project engaged 240 multi-sector stakeholders to gather qualitative data across three workshops and two citizen town halls from 2019 to 2021. These data were synthesized with results from BHC’s nine other Makassar activities to build maps of the current system and identify high-impact areas for engagement. Contextual findings showed that Makassar leadership has actively innovated and used new technology to improve the city, resulting in improved connectivity and responsiveness. However, this drive toward innovation has strained existing infrastructure and workforce capacity. When this strain fails to meet promised results, citizens are less likely to engage and support the innovations. This is central to the systems map that BHC developed, and is expanded upon through additional patterns that fall within four main areas: (1) leadership, governance, and financing; (2) infrastructure and workforce; (3) collaboration and data; and (4) community cohesion and awareness. Stakeholders found three key leverage points within this context that, if included in every action, could help overcome barriers. These leverage opportunities are: (1) increasing data-driven decision-making; (2) ensuring equitable policy and leadership; and (3) increasing community participation. By combining key patterns discovered in the Context Map with the leverage opportunities, BHC was able to co-create with stakeholders six “coherent actions” that can move Makassar to a healthier, “Sombere (kind-hearted and hospitable) and Smart City.” BHC has been working with the city planning office to incorporate the map findings into its bottom-up planning processes and the 5-year mid-term plan for Makassar.
The DA VINCI study: is Ireland achieving ESC/EAS guideline–directed LDL-C goals?
Authors: Offiah Gregory , O’Connor Cormac , Kennedy Cormac , Gallagher Joe , O’Connor Patricia , McAdam Brendan , Ray Kausik K. , Schoonen Marieke , Maher Vincent 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The EU-wide, cross-sectional observational study of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use in secondary and primary care (DA VINCI) assessed the proportion of patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals recommended by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines and provided an insight into regional use of LLT in Europe, including Ireland.

Aims
This analysis focuses on data from patients in Ireland who participated in the DA VINCI study.

Methods
The DA VINCI study enrolled patients receiving LLT at primary and secondary care sites across 18 European countries between June 2017 and November 2018. The study assessed the achievement of risk-based 2016 and 2019 ESC/EAS LDL-C goals. This subgroup analysis aimed to evaluate LDL-C goal attainment in an Irish cohort of primary and secondary care patients.

Results
In total, 198 patients from Ireland were enrolled from three primary care and three secondary care centres. Most patients were White and male, and were receiving moderate- or high-intensity statin therapy (most frequently atorvastatin or rosuvastatin). Few patients (< 10%) were receiving combination therapy of statin and ezetimibe. Approximately 60% of patients achieved their 2016 ESC/EAC LDL-C goals while less than half the patients achieved their 2019 ESC/EAS goals. Approximately half of secondary prevention patients achieved their 2016 ESC/EAS goals and only 20% of secondary prevention patients achieved their 2019 ESC/EAS goals.

Conclusions
These results highlight the disparity between dyslipidaemia management in clinical practice in Ireland and guideline recommendations.

Trial registration
ENCePP; EU PAS 22,075; date registered 06 February 2018.
Exercise Interventions for Cirrhosis
Authors: Vuille-Lessard Élise , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Poor physical fitness is a common finding in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review aims to summarize the existing literature on the impact of exercise interventions in cirrhosis and guiding the healthcare providers in determining the optimal exercise program in this population.

Recent Findings
Exercise interventions including aerobic and resistance training have benefits on markers of sarcopenia, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life, and are safe, even in the decompensated stage.

Summary
Poor physical fitness in cirrhosis is multifactorial. The goal of exercise interventions in cirrhosis is to improve outcomes by increasing muscle mass and function, preventing further skeletal muscle breakdown, and improving cardiovascular fitness. Exercise programs combining aerobic and resistance training at a moderate intensity and for at least 8 to 12 weeks, in both site-based and home-based settings, have benefits on sarcopenia and aerobic capacity, as well as on quality of life. Efforts need to be made to improve the adherence to exercise interventions, especially home-based programs, in order to maximize their benefits.
Polymeric aziridines as benign crosslinkers for water-based coating applications
Authors: Bückmann A. J. P. , Chen Q. , Overbeek G. C. , Stals P. J. M. , van der Zwaag D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymeric aziridines are introduced as a new class of low toxicity two-component crosslinkers for carboxylic resins. Using a combination of industry-standard tests and modern biotechnological approaches, the non-genotoxic nature of these compounds was demonstrated. Mechanical analysis of acrylic films formulated with these polymeric aziridines demonstrated that the high crosslink densities typical for classical aziridine chemistry could be attained. Furthermore, distribution of crosslinker molecules in both wet formulation and dried coating could be controlled by adjusting the stabilizing group of the polymeric aziridine. By tuning this stabilization mechanism, we demonstrated customized functional performance for different coating applications.
Microglial TLR4 is Critical for Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Islam Rezwanul , Vrionis Frank , Hanafy Khalid A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation causes excessive production of proinflammatory mediators and an increased expression of costimulatory molecules that leads to neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathways have long been studied in neuroinflammation, the specific glia implicated in initiation and propagation of neuroinflammation in SAH have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of glial TLR4 including microglia and astrocytes in brain damage and poor neurological outcome.

Methods
In this study, global TLR4 knockout, cell-specific TLR4 knockout, and floxxed control male and female mice were used. The mice were injected with 60 μl autologous blood near the mesencephalon to induce SAH; animals were euthanized on postoperative day 7 for immunohistochemistry of glia and apoptotic cells. Microglial morphology was evaluated by using immunofluorescence density quantification to determine correlations between morphology and neuroinflammation. Microglial depletion was accomplished with the intracerebroventricular administration of clodronate liposomes. Cognitive function was assessed with Barnes maze.

Results
On postoperative day 7 after SAH induction, neuronal apoptosis was markedly reduced in the clodronate liposome group compared with phosphate-buffered saline control liposomes, and cognitive performance in the clodronate group was improved, as well. Differences in microglial activation, assessed by morphometric analysis, and neuronal apoptosis were significantly greater in wildtype knockouts compared with cell-specific and global TLR4 knockouts. The mice lacking TLR4 on astrocytes and neurons showed no differences compared with wildtype mice on any end points.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that microglial depletion with the intracerebroventricular administration of clodronate can improve the cognitive function in an SAH mouse model, and TLR4 is critical for microglial activation and neuronal injury. Only microglial TLR4 is necessary for brain damage and poor cognitive outcome rather than astrocyte or neuronal TLR4. Thus, microglial TLR4 could be a potent therapeutic target to treat SAH-associated neuronal injury and protect against cognitive dysfunction.