bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines through Reduction of Quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones Promoted by SmI2/H2O/Et3N
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Xie Dengbing , Zhang Songlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reduction of quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines promoted by SmI2/ H2O/ Et3N is reported for the first time. This reaction involving the reduction of the amides proceeds through C−O bond cleavage. A new method for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines in mild conditions is developed.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Double C−H Activation of Imidazopyridines with Vinylene Carbonate for the Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles
Authors: Liu Min , Sui Xinlei , Wen Jiangwei , Li Qiuyun , Liu Xiao , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiu , Yan Kelu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives from the cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation and vinylene transfer of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with vinylene carbonate has been proposed. Most products of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles were achieved in good yields under simple and easy‐to‐operate conditions. Scale‐up preparation and several preliminary mechanistic studies involving C−H bond activation and electronic effects between different substrates were also performed. This protocol offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of diverse useful pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives.
Does anchoring vary across cultures? Expanding the Many Labs analysis
Authors: Kakinohana Regis K. , Pilati Ronaldo , Klein Richard A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous investigations have examined anchoring effects, but most of them studied individuals from similar cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Replication studies have shown that anchoring heuristics have heterogeneous effects across different cultural groups. In the present investigation, we examined this heterogeneity by looking for associations between effect size and cultural values orientation. We conducted pre‐registered meta‐analyses of four anchoring tasks, using open data provided by previous works and collected from 6,344 participants in 10 countries. The analyses confirmed that anchoring effects display strong heterogeneity between cultures. Moreover, specific cultural values orientations explained substantial amounts of variability in anchoring effect sizes between cultures: Intellectual Autonomy and Egalitarianism were negatively correlated with anchoring effect size, as we had expected. Surprisingly, Harmony was also negatively correlated with anchoring effect size, whereas Mastery had a positive association. These results suggest that cultural differences can play an important role in observed anchoring effect size.
Support (and rejection) of meritocracy as a self‐enhancement identity strategy: A qualitative study of university students’ perceptions about meritocracy in higher education
Authors: Fernández Daniela P. , Ryan Michelle K. , Begeny Christopher T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccess to Higher Education (HE) is based on the idea that all students should have the same opportunities, and that merit and hard work, regardless of students’ backgrounds, will lead to success. However, inequalities remain despite efforts to provide equal access to HE, raising questions about the validity of such a meritocratic approach. Using qualitative analysis, we interviewed UK university students to understand students’ perceptions of meritocracy in HE, and if and how students associated these perceptions with their gender and subjective socioeconomic status identity experiences. Students’ perceptions could be described in two main ideas: (a) the perceived commitment of their universities to meritocracy, and (b) their endorsement and rejection of meritocracy as an identity enhancement strategy. Hence, both support and lack of support for meritocracy are strategies used by disadvantaged groups to navigate and cope with the lack of opportunities and socioeconomic disadvantages in HE.
Sensitive Electrochemical Quantification of Proanthocyanidins in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) by Utilizing Disposable Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Newair Emad F. , Khairy Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work presents quantification of proanthocyanidins (PAs) isolated from grapevine using disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). Procyanidin B2 (B2) used as a model to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of complicated PAs structures in Britton Robinson buffer solution using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. B2 exhibits a well‐defined reversible redox wave at +0.49 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Significantly, the B2 was determined over a linear concentration range of 3.45–34.6 μM with a detection limit of 2.07 μM. The SPCE was used to analyze PAs in grapevine samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained using Folin‐Ciocalteu standard method.
Single‐particle electrophoresis for studying the adsorption of cationic polymers onto anionic particles
Authors: Amer Cid Íngrid , Van Daele Lenny , Dubruel Peter , Neyts Kristiaan , Strubbe Filip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the adsorption of polymers onto particles is crucial for many technological and biomedical applications. Even though polymer adsorption on particles is a dynamic process, most experimental techniques can only study the adsorption indirectly, in equilibrium and on the ensemble level. New analysis methods are required to overcome these limitations. We investigated the use of single‐particle electrophoresis to study the adsorption kinetics of cationic polymers onto anionic particles and compared the resulting data to a theoretical model. In this approach, the electrophoretic mobility of single polystyrene (PS) particles, exposed to different concentrations of poly(2‐guanidinoethyl methacrylate), was measured as a function of time. The polymer adsorption leads to an electrophoretic mobility change of the PS particle over time, from the initial negative value to a positive value at equilibrium. By fitting the kinetics data to the Langmuir model, the adsorption rate, desorption rate and equilibrium constant were determined. Finally, the adsorption kinetics of several other polymers was investigated. This showed that the presented technique enables direct analysis and comparison of the kinetics of polymer adsorption on the single‐particle level.
Temperature, pressure, and adsorption‐dependent redox potentials: Ⅱ. Processes of CH4 oxidation to value‐added compounds
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethane (CH4) is the primary component of natural gas and a powerful greenhouse gas. CH4 can be utilized as an important raw material to produce value‐added chemicals via catalytic partial oxidation, oxidative/non‐oxidative coupling, steam reforming, dry reforming, etc. Redox potential is a key thermodynamic quantity in these processes while currently, only standard reduction potentials at 25°C and 1 atm are available. Herein, this is the first time to report the temperature (0–1000°C), pressure (1–100 atm), and adsorption‐dependent redox potentials of 13 CH4 oxidation reactions to generate methyl radical, methanol, methyl hydroperoxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethane, ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and benzene. It was found that redox potentials of all states (gaseous, aqueous, and adsorption states) decrease with temperature at an accelerated rate but show different responses to pressure change. Namely, while gas‐phase and aqueous‐phase redox potentials increase and decrease with pressure at a gradually declined rate, respectively, adsorption‐state redox potentials are insensitive to pressure. Most importantly, the significant differences up to 1.92 V under varied conditions reveal the necessity of applying operando redox potentials for CH4 oxidation reactions that are enabled by this report as an enriched database for broad applications.
Brain injury triggers cell‐type‐specific and time‐dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress responses
Authors: Fan Qiyan , Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Okitani Nahoko , Tamatani Takashi , Ishii Hiroshi , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Kiryu‐Seo Sumiko , Kiyama Hiroshi , Hori Osamu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction network that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by coordinating protein homeostasis to maintain cell viability. The UPR can also trigger cell death when adaptive responses fail to improve protein homeostasis. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that the UPR plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain insults, our understanding of how ER stress is induced under neuropathological conditions is limited. Here, we investigated the cell‐ and time‐specific patterns of the ER stress response after brain injury using ER stress‐activated indicator (ERAI) mice, which enable monitoring of the UPR in vivo via increased fluorescence of a spliced XBP‐1 protein fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant Venus. Following cortical stab injury of ERAI mice, the GFP signal and number of GFP+ cells increased in the ipsilateral cortex throughout the observation period (6 h to 7 days post‐injury), confirming the induction of the UPR. GFP signals were observed in injured neurons early (from 6 h) after brain injury. However, non‐neuronal cells, mainly endothelial cells followed by astrocytes, accounted for the majority of GFP+ cells after brain injury. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that activation of the UPR in both neuronal and non‐neuronal cells, especially endothelial cells and astrocytes, may play an important role in and could be a potential therapeutic target for acute brain injuries.
Healthcare use patterns before Alzheimer's disease and related diseases identification and future healthcare trajectory
Authors: Couret Anaïs , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Gombault‐Datzenko Eugénie , Renoux Axel , Villars Hélène , Gardette Virginie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesA frequent late Alzheimer's Disease and Related Diseases (ADRD) identification is described and may induce erratic health resource use. We aimed to describe healthcare use patterns preceding ADRD identification.MethodsWe studied persons aged 65 or older, identified with incident ADRD in 2012 in the French health insurance database. Healthcare use covering a wide range of care in ambulatory and hospital settings during the period ranging from 18 to six months before ADRD identification was studied. The main dimensions of healthcare use patterns before ADRD identification were investigated in three age groups (65–74, 75–84, ≥85) through a multiple correspondence analysis. These dimensions were secondarily interpreted according to the 5‐year healthcare trajectory following ADRD identification, qualified as favorable (or not) by experts in the field.ResultsThis research studied 36,990 subjects. Four dimensions raised in each age group. Two dimensions' interpretations were retrieved in all age groups: intensity of healthcare use, functional dependency. However, their rank differed along with the qualification of the future healthcare trajectory. Some specificities appeared in some age group. In the 65–74 and 75–84 years groups, there were dimensions reflecting healthcare use related to psychiatric or psycho‐behavioral disorders. In the ≥85 group, two dimensions reflected dependency related to other comorbidities, and organised medical follow‐up.ConclusionSeveral dimensions emerged in line with erratic trajectories before ADRD identification. They underlined the need for actions towards ADRD identification.
Changes in global functional network properties predict individual differences in habit formation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zwosta Katharina , Wolfensteller Uta , Ruge Hannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrior evidence suggests that sensorimotor regions play a crucial role in habit formation. Yet, whether and how their global functional network properties might contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of habit formation still remains unclear. Capitalizing on advances in Elastic Net regression and predictive modeling, we examined whether learning‐related functional connectivity alterations distributed across the whole brain could predict individual habit strength. Using the leave‐one‐subject‐out cross‐validation strategy, we found that the habit strength score of the novel unseen subjects could be successfully predicted. We further characterized the contribution of both, individual large‐scale networks and individual brain regions by calculating their predictive weights. This highlighted the pivotal role of functional connectivity changes involving the sensorimotor network and the cingulo–opercular network in subject‐specific habit strength prediction. These results contribute to the understanding the neural basis of human habit formation by demonstrating the importance of global functional network properties especially also for predicting the observable behavioral expression of habits.
Enantiopure Alleno‐Acetylenic Cage Receptors for Molecular Recognition in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Wieland Goetzke F. , Gropp Cornelius , Schwab Anatol , Donckèle Etienne J. , Thilgen Carlo , Diederich François 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe recognition of small molecules in hydrophobic cavities in aqueous medium is a fundamental process in molecular biology. Previously, we described the synthesis and conformational switching of enantiopure alleno‐acetylenic cage receptors as well as their application as model systems to study in detail the interplay of space occupancy, conformation, complexation, and chiral recognition in organic solvents. Now, we report the synthesis of three enantiopure alleno‐acetylenic cage receptors functionalized with hydrophilic groups at their surface, which allows an extension of the studies to aqueous media. The new receptors show solvent‐ and guest‐induced binary conformational switching between an ‘open’ and a ‘closed’ cage conformation. Importantly, the chiroptical properties of the alleno‐acetylenic receptors are strongly conformation‐dependent, an effect that manifests itself upon guest inclusion. We used electronic circular dichroism titrations to quantitatively study the binding of small organic molecules inside the hydrophobic receptor cavity in methanolic water.
Lectin‐based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kuroda Yukihito , Oda Tatsuya , Shimomura Osamu , Hashimoto Shinji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Furuya Kinji , Furuta Tomoaki , Nakahashi Hiromitsu , Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Mathis Bryan J , Nakajima Takahito , Tateno Hiroaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to current treatments but lectin‐based therapy targeting cell surface glycans could be a promising new horizon. Here, we report a novel lectin‐based phototherapy (Lec‐PT) that combines the PDAC targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin to a photoabsorber, IRDye700DX (rBC2‐IR700), resulting in a novel and highly specific near‐infrared, light‐activated, anti‐PDAC therapy. Lec‐PT cytotoxicity was first verified in vitro with a human PDAC cell line, Capan‐1, indicating that rBC2‐IR700 is only cytotoxic upon cellular binding and exposure to near‐infrared light. The therapeutic efficacy of Lec‐PT was subsequently verified in vivo using cell lines and patient‐derived, subcutaneous xenografting into nude mice. Significant accumulation of rBC2‐IR700 occurs as early as 2 hours postintravenous administration while cytotoxicity is only achieved upon exposure to near‐infrared light. Repeated treatments further slowed tumor growth. Lec‐PT was also assessed for off‐target toxicity in the orthotopic xenograft model. Shielding of intraperitoneal organs from near‐infrared light minimized off‐target toxicity. Using readily available components, Lec‐PT specifically targeted pancreatic cancer with high reproducibility and on‐target, inducible toxicity. Rapid clinical development of this method is promising as a new modality for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Gendered racial microaggressions and emerging adult Black women's social and general anxiety: Distress intolerance and stress as mediators
Authors: Burke Lindsey A. , Chijioke Sandra , Le Thomas P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is robust evidence that gendered racial microaggressions affect Black women's mental health. However, few studies have examined how this form of discrimination affects Black women's social anxiety in addition to their general anxiety, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions stress (GRMS) and gendered racial microaggressions frequency (GRMF), and Black women's social anxiety and general anxiety symptoms. We also examined the mediating roles of distress intolerance and stress in these associations.MethodOne hundred and sixty‐three Black women, between the ages of 18 and 25 years old, completed a cross‐sectional survey. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between gendered racial microaggressions and social anxiety and general anxiety, and mediation analyses examined the indirect effect of gendered racial microaggressions on the outcome variables through distress intolerance and stress.ResultsGRMS was associated with greater social and general anxiety through the mechanisms of distress intolerance and stress. GRMF was associated with reduced social anxiety and was not associated with general anxiety.ConclusionsIntervention efforts should be aimed to prevent the experience of gendered racial microaggressions to prevent subsequent stress and mental health outcomes for Black women.
Brain grey and white matter structural associations with future suicidal ideation and behaviors in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders
Authors: Colic Lejla , Villa Luca M. , Dauvermann Maria R. , van Velzen Laura S. , Sankar Anjali , Goldman Danielle A. , Panchal Priyanka , Kim Jihoon A. , Quatrano Susan , Spencer Linda , Constable R. Todd , Suckling John , Goodyer Ian M. , Schmaal Lianne , van Harmelen Anne‐Laura , Blumberg Hilary P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce suicide in females with mood disorders, it is critical to understand brain substrates underlying their vulnerability to future suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIBs) in adolescence and young adulthood. In an international collaboration, grey and white matter structure was investigated in adolescent and young adult females with future suicidal behaviors (fSB) and ideation (fSI), and without SIBs (fnonSIB).MethodsStructural (n = 91) and diffusion‐weighted (n = 88) magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and SIB measures at follow‐up on average two years later (standard deviation, SD = 1 year) were assessed in 92 females [age(SD) = 16.1(2.6) years] with bipolar disorder (BD, 28.3%) or major depressive disorder (MDD, 71.7%). One‐way analyses of covariance comparing baseline regional grey matter cortical surface area, thickness, subcortical grey volumes, or white matter tensor‐based fractional anisotropy across fSB (n = 40, 43.5%), fSI (n = 33, 35.9%) and fnonSIB (n = 19, 20.6%) groups were followed by pairwise comparisons in significant regions (p < 0.05).ResultsCompared to fnonSIBs, fSIs and fSBs showed significant decreases in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis and middle temporal gyrus, fSIs of left inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis. FSIs and fSBs showed lower fractional anisotropy in left uncinate fasciculus and corona radiata, and fSBs in right uncinate and superior fronto‐occipital fasciculi.ConclusionsThe study provides preliminary evidence of grey and white matter alterations in brain regions subserving emotional and behavioral regulation and perceptual processing in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders with, versus without, future SIBs. Findings suggest potential targets to prevent SIBs in female adolescents and young adults.
On the hormonal control of posterior regeneration in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii
Authors: Álvarez‐Campos Patricia , Planques Anabelle , Bideau Loïc , Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRegeneration is the process by which many animals are able to restore lost or injured body parts. After amputation of the posterior part of its body, the annelid Platynereis dumerilii is able to regenerate the pygidium, the posteriormost part of its body that bears the anus, and a subterminal growth zone containing stem cells that allows the subsequent addition of new segments. The ability to regenerate their posterior part (posterior regeneration) is promoted, in juvenile worms, by a hormone produced by the brain and is lost when this hormonal activity becomes low at the time the worms undergo their sexual maturation. By characterizing posterior regeneration at the morphological and molecular levels in worms that have been decapitated, we show that the presence of the head is essential for multiple aspects of posterior regeneration, as well as for the subsequent production of new segments. We also show that methylfarnesoate, the molecule proposed to be the brain hormone, can partially rescue the posterior regeneration defects observed in decapitated worms. Our results are therefore consistent with a key role of brain hormonal activity in the control of regeneration and growth in P. dumerilii, and support the hypothesis of the involvement of methylfarnesoate in this control.
On independent domination of regular graphs
Authors: Cho Eun‐Kyung , Choi Ilkyoo , Park Boram 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe domination number of a graph , denoted , is the minimum size of a dominating set of , and the independent domination number of , denoted , is the minimum size of a dominating set of that is also independent. Let be an integer. Generalizing a result on cubic graphs by Lam, Shiu, and Sun, we prove that for a connected ‐regular graph that is not , which is tight for . This answers a question by Goddard et al. in the affirmative. We also show that for a connected ‐regular graph that is not , strengthening upon a result of Knor, Škrekovski, and Tepeh. In addition, we prove that a graph with maximum degree at most 4 satisfies , which is also tight.