bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le projet architectural comme rencontre chronotopique
Authors: Muntañola Thornberg Josep 
Published: May 2022

L’article analyse le projet architectural comme rencontre chronotopique. D’abord la théorie dialogique de Mikhaïl Bakhtine est utilisée pour aboutir à une vision chronotopique du projet avec l’aide des derniers écrits de Paul Ricoeur sur l’espace et le temps selon « Les Parcours de la Reconnaissance ». Dans un deuxième chapitre la notion de chronotope est utilisée afin d’analyser les idées et les projets de Le Corbusier et d’Enric Miralles. Finalement la relation entre chronotope, projet et la poétique d’Aristote est pleinement confirmée.
Upward Social Mobility through Education in German-Iranians Biographies. A Psychosocial Perspective on Intergenerational Dynamics during Adolescence
Authors: Benzel Susanne , Uhlendorf Niels 
Published: May 2022

In many migrant families, educational achievements play a central role and can lead to intergenerational tensions, in particular when the parents endured a loss of social status. Therefore, many parents arriving in Western societies attribute a high value to educational attainment for their children, who are often confronted with institutional discrimination in schools. On this basis, the significance of education in migrant families and the psychosocial effects of intergenerational dynamics on individuals and their biographies, especially during adolescence, will be discussed in this paper. Two different patterns can be worked out through contrasting two biographical narratives. Education become in both cases a pressing identity issue and course-setting in adolescence: Although in the first case this leads to a reformulated orientation toward the upward mobility expectations of the parents, in the second case, educational advancement offers a way out of difficult social and economic circumstances and provides psychological stability.
Sprechen, Schweigen, (Um)deuten – Wie die politisch-gesellschaftliche Aufarbeitung fürsorgerischer Zwangsmassnahmen in der Schweiz den Umgang mit der elterlichen Geschichte verändert: Eine qualitative Studie mit Nachkommen Betroffener
Authors: Gautschi Nadine , Abraham Andrea 
Published: May 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag handelt davon, wie die politisch-gesellschaftliche Aufarbeitung fürsorgerischer Zwangsmassnahmen (FSZM) den familialen Umgang mit der Geschichte der Eltern veränderte. Dazu wurden sechs biografische Interviews mit Nachkommen Betroffener im Hinblick auf Sozialisationserfahrungen mittels der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie (GTM) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen, dass die politisch-gesellschaftliche Aufarbeitung Prozesse der Enttabuisierung der elterlichen Geschichte in Familien anstiess, die auch emotionale Annäherungen zwischen Nachkommen und betroffenen Elternteilen ermöglichte. Sie eröffnete aber auch neue familiale Spannungsfelder, die um die Frage der Betroffenheit des Elternteils kreisten und sich in neuen Konstellationen des Schweigens niederschlugen. Zum anderen wird deutlich, dass die politisch-gesellschaftliche Aufarbeitung zu bedeutungsvollen persönlichen Klärungen und neuen Deutungen bezüglich erlebter elterlicher Verhaltensweisen und intergenerationalen Weitergaben führte. Insgesamt vermag die politisch-gesellschaftliche Aufarbeitung gewisse persönliche und familiale Belastungen aufzulösen, gleichzeitig bringt sie aber auch neue hervor.
The Emergence of Biography Blockades: Political Imprisoned Women in the GDR and Their Family Background
Authors: Beier Frank 
Published: May 2022

There are only a few approaches in socialization theory that give empirical insights into the processes of growing up in an autocratic system. However, political regimes like the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) have (had) only limited control over private family structures. Thus, the different family backgrounds of women who were part of the opposition movement and imprisoned because they tried to (illegally) migrate to West Germany will be illustrated in this paper. The study consists of biographical narratives with women born in the 1940s, ‘50s, and ‘60s. The very different family backgrounds of these women influenced the acquired strategies to deal with the autocratic system. However, these strategies can fail or become ineffective in different life circumstances leading to biographical blockades. I argue that biographical blockades can be considered as a key concept to explain high-risk emigration decisions.
Testing Learning Media for English Learning Applications Using BlackBox Testing Based on Equivalence Partitions
Authors: Yulistyanti Dwi , Akhirina Tri Yani , Afrizal Thomas , Paramita Aulia , Farkhatin Naely 
Published: May 2022

Some testings or testings of an application are very important. So that an application can appear to be running properly or there are still errors in its use. Which later can be improved optimally. In this test, the black box testing technique was used as a test. Black box testing is a system for testing an application by looking at the menu whether it is following what is desired or still needs improvement. The application that will be tested is the Duolingo application which on the play store gets a high rating and is used by more than 12 million smartphone users. The type of testing of the method used, namely the black box, varies, but one of the methods used here is Equivalence Partitions. The Equivalence Partitions technique is a test based on entering data on each form of the system or application used. In each menu, input data on each form will be tested and carried out based on its function, whether it is valid or not. So that by doing this testing the application is getting better and the application must be of good quality according to their respective functions. So that many smartphone users who want to use the application make it easy to use it<p> </p>
काव्यका भेद र उपभेदहरूको समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन {A critical study of the distinctions and strands of poetry}
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane पुष्पलाल Puspalal 
Published: May 2022

साहित्य समाजको ऐना हो । जुनसुकै साहित्यले पनि तत्कालीन समयको समाजको चित्रण गरेका हुन्छन् । काव्य वा साहित्यका विभिन्न नियम, उपनियम, भेद र भेदहरू पनि समय र परिस्थिति फेरिदै जान्छन् । संस्कृत संसारकै प्राचीन एवं भाषिक साहित्यिक दृष्टिले निकै समृद्ध भाषा भएकाले यसमा काव्य वा साहित्यका विषयमा सूक्ष्म अध्ययनहरू भएका छन् । अनेकौं रीति र पद्धतिहरू विकसित भएका पाइन्छन् । छन्द, अलङ्कार गुण, रस, रीति आदि अनेकौ साहित्यिक तत्वहरूको सूक्ष्म प्रस्तुति र विश्लेषण संस्कृतका साहित्यशास्त्रहरूमा पाइन्छ । आधुनिक साहित्यमा भिन्न अर्थ बुझाए पनि संस्कृत साहित्यका सन्दर्भमा काव्य र साहित्य शब्द पर्यायवाची रहेका पाइन्छन् । काव्यका श्रव्य रदृश्य दुई भेद पाइन्छन् । दृश्यकाव्य मानिएका नाटकका अनेकौं भेद र उपभेदहरू रहेका छन् भने श्रव्यकाव्य मानिएका कथा, कविता, निबन्ध आदिका पनि अनेकौं भेद र उपभेद रहेका पाइन्छन् । आधुनिक कालमा विभिन्न भाषा साहित्यमा अस्तित्वमा रहेका धेरै भेद र उपभेदहरू संस्कृत साहित्यमा परिभाषित गरिएका एवं प्रचलित रहेका पाइन्छन् । कविता, खण्डकाव्य, महाकाव्य, कथा, निबन्ध, नाटक, एकाङ्की आदि अनेकौं विधा र तिनका भेद तथा उपभेदहरूलाई यहाँ चर्चा गर्दै चिनाउने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । साहित्यका यिनै भेद र उपभेदहरूको परिचयात्मक प्रस्तुति नै यस लेखको मुख्य उपलब्धि रहेको छ ।
Multidisciplinary management of carotid body tumors: a single-institution case series of 22 patients
Authors: Ramos Alexander , Carnevale Joseph A. , Majeed Kashif , Kocharian Gary , Hussain Ibrahim , Goldberg Jacob L. , Schwarz Justin , Kutler David I. , Knopman Jared , Stieg Philip 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare, slow-growing neoplasms derived from the parasympathetic paraganglia of the carotid bodies. Although inherently vascular lesions, the role of preoperative embolization prior to resection remains controversial. In this report, the authors describe an institutional series of patients with CBT successfully treated via resection following preoperative embolization and compare the results in this series to previously reported outcomes in the treatment of CBT.

METHODS
All CBTs resected between 2013 and 2019 at a single institution were retrospectively identified. All patients had undergone preoperative embolization performed by interventional neuroradiologists, and all had been operated on by a combined team of cerebrovascular neurosurgeons and otolaryngology–head and neck surgeons. The clinical, radiographic, endovascular, and perioperative data were collected. All procedural complications were recorded.

RESULTS
Among 22 patients with CBT, 63.6% were female and the median age was 55.5 years at the time of surgery. The most common presenting symptoms included a palpable neck mass (59.1%) and voice changes (22.7%). The average tumor volume was 15.01 ± 14.41 cm3. Most of the CBTs were Shamblin group 2 (95.5%). Blood was predominantly supplied from branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery, with an average of 2 vascular pedicles (range 1–4). Fifty percent of the tumors were embolized with more than one material: polyvinyl alcohol, 95.5%; Onyx, 50.0%; and N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue, 9.1%. The average reduction in tumor blush following embolization was 83% (range 40%–95%). No embolization procedural complications occurred. All resections were performed within 30 hours of embolization. The average operative time was 173.9 minutes, average estimated blood loss was 151.8 ml, and median length of hospital stay was 4 days. The rate of permanent postoperative complications was 0%; 2 patients experienced transient hoarseness, and 1 patient had medical complications related to alcohol withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONS
This series reveals that endovascular embolization of CBT is a safe and effective technique for tumor devascularization, making preoperative angiography and embolization an important consideration in the management of CBT. Moreover, the successful management of CBT at the authors’ institution rests on a multidisciplinary approach whereby endovascular surgeons, neurosurgeons, and ear, nose, and throat–head and neck surgeons work together to optimally manage each patient with CBT.
High intratumoral susceptibility signal grade on susceptibility-weighted imaging: a risk factor for hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy
Authors: Tanji Masahiro , Mineharu Yohei , Sakata Akihiko , Okuchi Sachi , Fushimi Yasutaka , Oishi Masahiro , Terada Yukinori , Sano Noritaka , Yamao Yukihiro , Arakawa Yoshiki , Yoshida Kazumichi , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the association of preoperative intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grade with hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy (STB).

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed 66 patients who underwent STB in their institution. Preoperative factors including age, sex, platelet count, prothrombin time–international normalized ratio, activated thromboplastin time, antiplatelet agent use, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, target location, anesthesia type, and ITSS data were recorded. ITSS was defined as a dot-like or fine linear low signal within a tumor on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and was graded using a 3-point scale: grade 1, no ITSS within the lesion; grade 2, 1–10 ITSSs; and grade 3, ≥ 11 ITSSs. Postoperative final tumor pathology was also reviewed. The association between preoperative variables and the size of postoperative hemorrhage was examined.

RESULTS
Thirty-four patients were men and 32 were women. The mean age was 66.6 years. The most common tumor location was the frontal lobe (27.3%, n = 18). The diagnostic yield of STB was 93.9%. The most common pathology was lymphoma (36.4%, n = 24). The ITSS was grade 1 in 37 patients (56.1%), grade 2 in 14 patients (21.2%), and grade 3 in 15 patients (22.7%). Interobserver agreement for ITSS was almost perfect (weighted kappa = 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.98). Age was significantly associated with ITSS (p = 0.0075). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 17 patients (25.8%). Maximum hemorrhage diameter (mean ± SD) was 1.78 ± 1.35 mm in grade 1 lesions, 2.98 ± 2.2 mm in grade 2 lesions, and 9.51 ± 2.11 mm in grade 3 lesions (p = 0.01). Hemorrhage > 10 mm in diameter occurred in 10 patients (15.2%), being symptomatic in 3 of them. Four of 6 patients with grade 3 ITSS glioblastomas (66.7%) had postoperative hemorrhages > 10 mm in diameter. After adjusting for age, ITSS grade was the only factor significantly associated with hemorrhage > 10 mm (p = 0.029). Compared with patients with grade 1 ITSS, the odds of postoperative hemorrhage > 10 mm in diameter were 2.57 times higher in patients with grade 2 ITSS (95% CI 0.31–21.1) and 9.73 times higher in patients with grade 3 ITSS (95% CI 1.57–60.5).

CONCLUSIONS
ITSS grade on SWI is associated with size of postoperative hemorrhage after STB.
Una nueva forma de generar ingresos
Authors: Chamorro Erazo Ángela Viviana , Moreno Escobar Andrés David , Rivas Burgos Christian Camilo 
Published: May 2022

Hoy en día, muchas personas caen en crisis económica, debido a la falta de empleo y de soluciones, que han llegado por muchas circunstancias, entre las que están el coronavirus covid-19, el cual ha dejado, por efectos de la pandemia, en muchas familias un gran vacío económico, ya que perdieron su trabajo, desaparecieron las tiendas pequeñas, las cuales eran la única manera de generar ingresos y un sustento diario para poder vivir. Por lo tanto, no solo se debe buscar la manera de generar ingresos a través de un empleo, sino buscar nuevas soluciones en las que cada persona sea la base de su propia empresa; ser emprendedores y creativos, de manera que las ideas que se generen impacten en la sociedad, logrando así no solo una base de sustento familiar, sino un apoyo económico para muchas familias. Para llegar a este punto, se debe ser constante en lo que uno quiere y anhela, tener una visión hacia un futuro, siendo claro en las metas que se propone, y tener confianza en que todo lo que uno piense y crea es la base para ser un buen emprendedor.
“Para Jeffrey A. Timmons (1989), El emprendimiento significa tomar acciones humanas, creativas para construir algo de valor a partir de prácticamente nada” (Hidalgo, 2014, p. 47). A su vez, estas acciones deben tener un propósito claro para guiarse, para que la idea que surja sea clara y precisa a la sociedad. En este sentido, se abordará los tipos de emprendimiento que existen en la actualidad y cómo identificar esas ideas para generar una empresa y ser un buen emprendedor
Physical design of photon-counting mode γ-ray large object radiation imaging system
Authors: Dong Tao , Zhang Huaxia , Wu Zhifang 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: The detectors of existing large object radiation imaging systems generally work under current-integration mode and cannot distinguish effective signals of unreacted photons from interfering signals of electronic noise and scattered photons, therefore, resulting in image quality deterioration. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to design a new photon-counting mode γ-ray large object radiation imaging system. Therefore, interfering signals with lower energy than effective signals can be eliminated by energy analysis. In addition, the system enables to work properly even under 30∼300Ci Co-60 intensity. METHODS: Based on the physical analysis of the system, the design requirements are listed. Following the requirements, the best-performing photon-counting detector based on LYSO and SiPM is used in the system. ZP-SK and (ZP)2-SK filter circuits are designed for Co-60 radiation imaging system with the highest intensity of 100Ci and 300Ci, respectively. Then, a voltage comparator and an FPGA are followed to realize the function of energy analysis and photon counting. RESULTS: The proposed technical solution can improve the Steel Penetration (SP) by at least 60∼70 mmFe compared with the existing current-integration system, which is equivalent to the improvement obtained by increasing the intensity of the radioactive source more than 13 to 20 times. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the advantages of applying the new photon-counting mode γ-ray large object radiation imaging system to improve the radiation image quality and the penetration ability, which will have enormous potential for future applications.
Radiological Improvements in Symmetry of the Lateral Atlantodental Interval and in C1 Tilt After the Application of the Atlasprofilax Method. A Case Series.
Authors: Manent Lluis , León Higuera José Gabriel , Lewis Kathleen , Angulo Orlando , Zableh Solano María Emma 
Published: May 2022

We present the case of 4 subjects exhibiting asymmetry of the lateral atlantodental interval (within the accepted standard ranges of normal asymmetry) on open mouth x-ray examination. The asymmetry was clearly ameliorated after the Atlasprofilax procedure. Improvements in atlas tilt and axis spinous process deviation also were demonstrated. We discuss the preliminary validity of the Atlasprofilax non-invasive approach for treating such conditions and whether the debate on commonly accepted asymmetry in the lateral atlantodental interval should remain open and be further investigated. We further ask if such a lateral atlantodental interval asymmetry could probably be a pre-manifestation or subclinical pathomechanic condition that could underly some clinical conditions. Asymmetry in lateral atlantodental interval or odontoid-lateral mass interspaces through x-ray examination often has been found in healthy and unhealthy subjects and is associated with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Its clinical relevance remains a controversial subject. Some authors affirm that this asymmetry is a normal variant. Other authors point out that such asymmetry could be considered a manifestation of pathological rotatory conditions of atlas and axis consistent with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation and possibly lead to musculoskeletal disorders and related chronic pain ailments. X-rays provide information only on bony structures and do not visualize soft tissue structures such as suboccipital muscles and fascia. Therefore, open mouth x-rays alone may not be sufficient to determine a radiological pathological condition specially one that is not yet presenting clinical symptoms because soft tissue alterations in this region are not visualized on x-ray. Several x-ray protocols and studies have been performed on this craniocervical segment with different results and interpretations. In this case series, we examine changes in the asymmetry of the lateral atlantodental interval, atlas vertebra tilt and axis spinous process deviation before and after application of the Atlasprofilax method in four patients. This method focuses on mechanotransduction through vibropressure on soft structures of the craniocervical joint, targeting deep cervical fascia, suboccipital muscles and cartilage. The aim is to restore normal structural and metabolic patterns in the extracellular matrix. This also would imply changes in chondrocytes, telocytes, and fibroblasts through a piezoresistive effect. This effect could lead to amelioration of connective tissue alterations in the craniocervical junction involving collagen synthesis, hyaluronic acid and abnormal patterns in fibroblasts and in the microvacuolar fascia. These changes ultimately could result in an improvement in the lateral atlantodental interval and craniocervical joint position.
RAPID LOW-COST DETECTION OF TYPE 2CALR MUTATION BY ALLELE-SPECIFIC RT-PCR FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS
Authors: Dybkov M.V. , Zavelevich M.P. , Gluzman D.F. , Telegeev G.D. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Approximately 15% to 24% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 25–35% of primary myelofibrosis cases carry a mutation in the calreticulin (CALR) gene. Sanger sequencing, qPCR, high resolution melt or targeted next generation sequencing usually used to detect these mutations are expensive and require costly equipment. Nevertheless, type 1 CALR mutations are detectable by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis. Aim: To offer the use of the allele-specific reverse transcription (RT) PCR for rapid low-cost detection of the type 2 mutation in the CALR gene. Materials and Methods: Allele-specific primers designed for detecting type 2 mutation (5-bp insertion; c.1154_1155 ins TTGTC) of the CALR gene were used for allele-specific RT-PCR analysis of cDNA of the patient with JAK2-, MPL-negative ET, whose mutation in CALR gene has been identified by Sanger sequencing. RT-PCR samples were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The type 2 mutation (K385fs*47 ins5) in CALR gene was detected by Sanger sequencing in JAK2- and MPL-negative ET patient. The cDNA obtained was then re-analyzed by using allele-specific RT-PCR with newly designed primers. Normal and type 2 mutation alleles of the CALR gene were detected by gel electrophoresis. The results of allele-specific RT-PCR were consistent with the data of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion: Allele-specific RT-PCR analysis may be used for the fast low-cost detection of the major type 2 mutation (ins 5) of the CALR gene in patients with MPNs.
EXPRESSION OF MARKERS OF BONE TISSUE REMODELING IN BREAST CANCER AND PROSTATE CANCER CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Lukianova N. , Zadvornyi T. , Kashuba E. , Borikun T. , Mushii О. , Chekhun V. 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the expression of markers of bone remodeling in vitro in breast cancer (BCa) cells and prostate cancer (PCa) cells varying in their malignancy phenotype. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on human BCa cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 lines) and PCa cells (LNCaP and DU-145 lines). Expression levels of bone tissue remodeling proteins (osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) were determined immunocytochemically. The mRNA levels of bone tissue remodeling proteins OPN (SPP1), ON (SPARC), BMP-7 (BMP7)) and miRNA-10b, -27a, -29b, -145, -146a were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To search for miRNAs involved in the regulation of target genes, miRNet v. 2.0 resource was used. Results: We have shown that highly malignant MDA-MB-231 cells are characterized by significantly higher expression of OPN and ON on the background of decreased SPARC and BMP7 mRNA expression. In highly malignant DU-145 cells, ON and SPP1, SPARC, and BMP7 mRNA expression was significantly higher compared with low malignant LNCaP cells. MDA-MB-231 line was characterized by significantly higher expression of miRNA-10b, -27a, -29b, -145 and -146a. In DU-145 cells, significantly lower levels of expression of miRNAs-27a and -145 against the background of increasing levels of miRNAs-29b and -146a were recorded. Conclusion: High malignancy phenotype of the BCa and PCa cells is characterized by high levels of expression of bone remodeling proteins, which may be caused by impaired regulation of their expression at the epigenetic level.