bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and composition of the microbiome associated with eggs of the Southern green stinkbug, Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Geerinck Margot W. J. , Van Hee Sara , Gloder Gabriele , Crauwels Sam , Colazza Stefano , Jacquemyn Hans , Cusumano Antonino , Lievens Bart 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough microbial communities of insects from larval to adult stage have been increasingly investigated in recent years, little is still known about the diversity and composition of egg‐associated microbiomes. In this study, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to get a better understanding of the microbiome of insect eggs and how they are established using the Southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as a study object. First, to determine the bacterial community composition, egg masses from two natural populations in Belgium and Italy were examined. Subsequently, microbial community establishment was assessed by studying stinkbug eggs of different ages obtained from laboratory strains (unlaid eggs collected from the ovaries, eggs less than 24 h old, and eggs collected 4 days after oviposition). Both the external and internal egg‐associated microbiomes were analyzed by investigating egg washes and surface‐sterilized washed eggs, respectively. Eggs from the ovaries were completely devoid of bacteria, indicating that egg‐associated bacteria were deposited on the eggs during or after oviposition. The bacterial diversity of deposited eggs was very low, with on average 6.1 zero‐radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) in the external microbiome and 1.2 zOTUs in internal samples of egg masses collected from the field. Bacterial community composition and density did not change significantly over time, suggesting limited bacterial growth. A Pantoea‐like symbiont previously found in the midgut of N. viridula was found in every sample and generally occurred at high relative and absolute densities, especially in the internal egg samples. Additionally, some eggs harbored a Sodalis symbiont, which has previously been found in the abdomen of several insects, but so far not in N. viridula populations. We conclude that the egg‐associated bacterial microbiome of N. viridula is species‐poor and dominated by a few symbionts, particularly the species‐specific obligate Pantoea‐like symbiont.
Three‐dimensional shaped and contour pattern synthesis with multiple beam approach
Authors: Prasad Sankaravel , Meenakshi Murugappan , Rao Patnam Hanumantha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA multiple‐beam synthesis method is proposed to generate three‐dimensional (3D) shaped and contour patterns from a planar phased array antenna. Three‐dimensional radiation patterns are synthesized primarily with optimum beam positions and variable mainbeam power levels of multiple beams, followed by calculating the resultant element weights. Contour patterns are synthesized from multiple beam peaks by mapping the individual beam power levels to their corresponding 3 dB beamwidth coverage areas at each designated location on the contour. The far‐field contour shape affected by the influence of the element pattern, mutual coupling, and scan loss is compensated by the peak power of the scanned beam patterns. The proposed synthesis supports dynamically changeable contour shapes. Flat‐topped, stepped 3D patterns and arbitrary contour shapes with shaped null zones inside the contour are simulated and implemented on a 16 × 16 element 5G mmWave planar phased array. Measured radiation patterns are compared with simulations and presented.
Passively Q‐switched operation of a Tm:YAP laser with two WS2‐based saturable absorbers
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Yu Xiaoyang , Qi Tianqi , Yang Wenlong , Yu Shuang , Yang Yuqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a doubly passively Q‐switched (PQS) Tm:YAP laser was experimentally realized by using two WS2‐based saturable absorbers (SAs) for the first time. Under the doubly PQS operation, the pulse width of 0.93 µs at 1989.3 nm was obtained with an average output power (AOP) of 391 mW and peak power of 4.04 W. While for PQS Tm:YAP laser with single WS2‐based SA, a pulse width of 1.63 µs and an AOP of 676 mW was achieved with a peak power of 3.4 W. The experiment results indicate a conclusion that the doubly PQS technology is an efficient method to further compress the pulse width, enhance the stability of the pulses train, and improve the AOP for the Tm:YAP laser.
Vacuum formed coils for MRI
Authors: Gopalan Karthik , Maravilla Julian , Mendelsohn Jaren , Arias Ana C. , Lustig Michael 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo describe a digital fabrication method used for custom MRI receive coils with vacuum forming and electroless copper plating.MethodsOur process produces intricate copper traces on curved surfaces. A three‐dimensional scan of a desired anatomy is obtained and used to design coil elements. The layout is predistorted with a self built simulation of the vacuum forming process and the geometric overlaps are tested with electromagnetic simulation software. The desired coil geometry is patterned onto a polycarbonate sheet by sandblasting through a tape mask. The sandblasted areas are then catalyzed with a palladium‐tin solution and vacuum formed. The catalyzed, three‐dimensional part is placed into a custom built plating tank and copper plated. Electronic components are attached to the copper traces to form resonant receive coils. The methods described here are demonstrated and tested with an 8 channel visual cortex coil array.ResultsThe prototype coils exhibit quality factor ratios higher than three, indicating body noise dominance. The coil array shows high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) near the periphery of a head shaped phantom. In vivo images with up to spatial resolution were acquired on a human volunteer.ConclusionThis work presents the first example of vacuum formed coils with direct electroless copper plating. Our fabrication method results in coil arrays that are in close proximity to the body. This methods described here may enable the rapid development of a set of coils of different sizes for applications including longitudinal fMRI studies and MR‐guided therapies.
A new deuterium‐labeled compound [2,3,4,6,6’‐2H5]‐D‐glucose for deuterium magnetic resonance metabolic imaging
Authors: Zou Chao , Ruan Yingheng , Li Huanxi , Wan Qian , Du Feng , Yuan Jiawen , Qin Qikai , Thompson Garth J. , Yang Xiaojun , Li Ye , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeuterium (2H) magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging approach for noninvasively studying glucose metabolism in vivo, which is important for understanding pathogenesis and monitoring the progression of many diseases such as tumors, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the synthesis of 2H‐labeled glucose is costly because of the expensive raw substrates and the requirement for extreme reaction conditions, making the 2H‐labeled glucose rather expensive and unaffordable for clinic use. In this study, we present a new deuterated compound, [2,3,4,6,6’‐2H5]‐D‐glucose, with an approximate 10‐fold reduction in production costs. The synthesis route uses cheaper raw substrate methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, relies on mild reaction conditions (80°C), and has higher deuterium labeling efficiency. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectroscopy experiments confirmed the successful deuterium labeling in the compound. Animal studies demonstrated that the substrate could describe the glycolytic metabolism in a glioma rat model by quantifying the downstream metabolites through 2H‐MRS on an ultrahigh field system. Comparison of the glucose metabolism characteristics was carried out between [2,3,4,6,6’‐2H5]‐D‐glucose and commercial [6,6’‐2H2]‐D‐glucose in the animal studies. This cost‐effective compound will help facilitate the clinical translation of deuterium magnetic resonance imaging, and enable this powerful metabolic imaging modality to be widely used in both preclinical and clinical research and applications.
Common‐midpoint cross‐correlation stacking tomography: A 3D approach for frequency‐dependent mapping of Rayleigh waves, group and phase velocity throughout an active seismic network
Authors: Leontarakis K. , Orfanos C. , Apostolopoulos G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShear‐wave velocity constitutes an important characterization parameter in terms of engineering properties. Several techniques of surface wave analysis have been widely adopted for building near‐surface 1D, or even 2D, S‐wave velocity models, but comparable 3D approaches, such as the surface wave tomography (SWT) method, are usually limited to global or regional seismological studies. Moreover, a reliable 3D subsurface imaging in a complex and noisy near‐surface environment becomes difficult when using the fully automated processing techniques that are commonly suggested for the SWT method. Here, a new strategy that is well adapted to geotechnical investigations is proposed to accomplish automatically the frequency‐dependent mapping of Rayleigh waves, both for group and phase velocity, throughout an active seismic network. The specific methodology can be implemented in both 2D and 3D active seismic data acquisition schemes involving both uniform and non‐uniform layouts of receivers. It combines the advantages of a newly created common‐midpoint (CMP) cross‐correlation (CC) analysis technique, with the precision of the travel‐time tomography method that is usually used in regional seismological studies. The main analysis is based on partitioning the different wave propagation directions, weighting the CC frequency–velocity analysis around one‐wavelength and stacking the CMP dispersion images. The tomographic inversion is applied to frequency‐dependent virtual travel‐times, produced from the azimuth‐dependent results of the specific analysis, in order to generate, as output, the local dispersion curves. The output of the proposed processing method can be interpreted with any preferred inversion algorithm for group and phase velocity, either individually or jointly. Simple synthetic tests together with a 3D seismic experiment in well‐known conditions, using standard refraction and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) equipment, confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in detecting both lateral and vertical S‐wave velocity variations. A ‘construction site’ case study finally highlighted the potential of the new tool in a very difficult and noisy environment.
Epigenome‐wide association study of BMI in Black populations from InterGEN and GENOA
Authors: Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Huang Yunfeng , Zhao Wei , Wright Michelle L. , Wang Zeyuan , Hui Qin , Potts‐Thompson Stephanie , Barcelona Veronica , Prescott Laura , Yao Yutong , Crusto Cindy , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Smith Jennifer A. , Sun Yan V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveObesity is a significant public health concern across the globe. Research investigating epigenetic mechanisms related to obesity and obesity‐associated conditions has identified differences that may contribute to cellular dysregulation that accelerates the development of disease. However, few studies include Black women, who experience the highest incidence of obesity and early onset of cardiometabolic disorders.MethodsThe association of BMI with epigenome‐wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was examined using the 850K Illumina EPIC BeadChip in two Black populations (Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure [InterGEN], n = 239; and The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy [GENOA] study, n = 961) using linear mixed‐effects regression models adjusted for batch effects, cell type heterogeneity, population stratification, and confounding factors.ResultsCross‐sectional analysis of the InterGEN discovery cohort identified 28 DNAm sites significantly associated with BMI, 24 of which had not been previously reported. Of these, 17 were replicated using the GENOA study. In addition, a meta‐analysis, including both the InterGEN and GENOA cohorts, identified 658 DNAm sites associated with BMI with false discovery rate < 0.05. In a meta‐analysis of Black women, we identified 628 DNAm sites significantly associated with BMI. Using a more stringent significance threshold of Bonferroni‐corrected p value 0.05, 65 and 61 DNAm sites associated with BMI were identified from the combined sex and female‐only meta‐analyses, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that BMI is associated with differences in DNAm among women that can be identified with DNA extracted from salivary (discovery) and peripheral blood (replication) samples among Black populations across two cohorts.
Preferential localization of conductive filler in ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate/thermoplastic polyolefin polymer blends to reduce percolation threshold and enhanced electromagnetic radiation shielding over K band region
Authors: Katheria Ankur , Das Palash , Paul Sangit , Nath Krishnendu , Ghosh Suman Kumar , Das Narayan Ch. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo minimize radiation pollution at ultra‐low filler concentrations, there is a growing interest in microwave‐absorbing materials based on polymer blends composites. Herein, ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate (EMA)/thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) blend composites were prepared by employing solution mixing utilizing conductive Vulcan XC 72 carbon black (VCB) as nanofiller. The work focused on the reduction of electrical percolation and outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance in low loading caused by the preferential distribution of carbon particles in one phase (ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate copolymer) of the co‐continuous immiscible polymer blend. The fabricated conductive blend was further tested to ensure its superiority in physic‐mechanical and thermal stability. The morphology analysis reveals that the VCB particles are selectively localized in EMA phase of the blend which facilitates the formation of compact spatial conductive network throughout the matrix for electronic hopping. High electrical conductivity is achieved in the scale 10−2 S/cm for the prepared composites with 30 wt% of carbon black loading whereas a total EMI shielding effectiveness of −29 dB and thermal conductivity of ~0.75 W/m·K are achieved for this same filler content. This study reveals that the fabricated conductive polymer nanocomposites can be effectively utilized as promising EMI shields in the future generation of stretchable and wearable electronics.
Registration of conventional soybean germplasm JTN‐5110 with resistance to nematodes and fungal pathogens
Authors: Fritz Lisa A. , Arelli Prakash R. , Young Lawrence D. , Mengistu Alemu , Gillen Anne M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMore soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield is lost to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in the United States each year than to any other soybean pathogen, causing estimated crop losses exceeding US$1 billion annually. Planting soybeans that resist infection by SCN and limit the reproduction of this pest is a time‐tested management solution. JTN‐5110 (Reg. no. GP‐458, PI 678369) is a maturity group (MG) V soybean germplasm developed using molecular markers and released by the USDA‐ARS in 2017 for its broad resistance to SCN as well as its resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki). JTN‐5110 is an F3‐derived line from the cross of experimental soybean J98‐32 × ‘Anand’. JTN‐5110 is resistant to H. glycines (HG) types 1.2.5.7 (race 2) and 2.5.7 (race 5) as well as HG types 0, 5.7, and 7 (all corresponding to race 3). From 2010 to 2017, JTN‐5110 was evaluated in 144 environments as part of 17 yield trials that included Uniform Soybean Tests and state variety trials in Arkansas and Tennessee. Seed yield of JTN‐5110 was either not significantly different from or significantly higher than the trial mean in 16 of the 17 trials. JTN‐5110 is an excellent choice for a MG V parent for developing soybean cultivars with durable resistance to SCN and other economically important diseases of soybean.
Electric vehicles in Bangladesh: Impact on the environment, mobility, and the economy of an impending ban
Authors: Nurunnahar Syeda , Shariful Islam Md , Rahman Mahbubur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe government of Bangladesh recently decided to outlaw electric three‐wheelers due to the rise in accidents on highways. Although the restriction is intended to improve road and transportation safety, it will only exacerbate the current economic crisis if alternate sources of income are not made available. Additionally, the use of battery‐powered electric three‐wheelers is significant for providing short‐distance transportation in rural areas and the commercial centers of metropolitan cities. In many villages, electric three‐wheelers are the only accessible mode of rapid transportation. Moreover, electric vehicles are environmentally beneficial because their increased use will lower the consumption of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. Banning electric three‐wheelers will have serious consequences for the environment, mobility, and the economy. Instead, the government can bring existing three‐wheeled motorized vehicles under Bangladesh Road Transport Authority supervision. Monitoring and policy making are easy when a mode of transport belongs to the formal sector. Adding necessary measures to use of the vehicle will boost mobility and save Bangladesh's environment and economy.
Three‐dimensional dead reckoning of wall‐climbing robot based on information fusion of compound extended Kalman filter
Authors: Li Lin , Wei Zhenye , Zhang Tie , Cai Di 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDead reckoning accuracy determines the operation quality of pipeline mobile robot to a certain extent. With the progress of the industry, the research on the dead reckoning system of pipeline robot is more and more in‐depth, but how to improve dead reckoning accuracy is still a difficult problem for pipeline mobile robot. In this paper, to overcome the sensor defects of the traditional dead reckoning system, an error backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is introduced to compensate the sensor error caused by static drift and poor dynamic response. To reduce the interference of noise information, the covariance matching technique based on the Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System is used to estimate the measurement noise information. And then the two are combined in the algorithm based on the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) framework for data fusion. An EKF algorithm based on adaptive neural fuzzy combined with BPNN is proposed. Finally, a complete three‐dimensional dead reckoning system is established by coordinate transformation. The motion experiment of the quadruped wall‐climbing robot in the pipeline proves that the proximity of the calculated trajectory is not more than 6.00%, and the lowest is 1.07%, which effectively improves the reliability, robustness, and positioning accuracy of the dead reckoning.
Effects of ENSO on hydrological process and hydropower across the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin
Authors: Gao Jinyu , Zhao Jianshi , Hou Peng , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid growth in energy demand and accompanying hydropower development has been observed in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin (LMRB) in the last two decades. However, climate‐induced variations in water resources have brought uncertainties and challenges to energy security across the LMRB, especially for the hydropower sector. In this study, we propose a multiscale approach by linking two spatially distributed models to simulate and evaluate the effects of climatic drivers both on the water resources and hydropower generations in the LMRB. Specifically, we evaluate the effects of midterm large‐scale climatic drivers (i.e., ENSO) on the local hydrometeorological process and energy production. During ENSO events, the midstream to downstream LMRB is more impacted than the upstream LMRB, leading to hydroelectricity anomalies in the LMRB varying within a range of ±11,000 GWh. However, basin‐wide drought conditions caused by El Niño events in the LMRB do not always result in a reduction in hydropower generation. The proposed approach provides a methodological basis for characterizing power system responses to climatic drivers, potentially informing the future energy strategy and infrastructure development in the LMRB.
Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large‐Scale Applications
Authors: Chen Lintao , Wang Cai‐Feng , Liu Chang , Chen Su 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large‐scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large‐scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom‐up strategy, top‐down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large‐scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large‐scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave‐assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.
Clear evidence of the carcinogenic potential of anthracene: A 2‐year feeding study in rats and mice
Authors: Takeda Tomoki , Suzuki Masaaki , Kano Hirokazu , Matsumoto Michiharu , Umeda Yumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnthracene is an environmental pollutant and its adverse effects on human health have long been a concern due to its persistence and bioaccumulation properties. However, there is insufficient evidence for its chronic toxicity, especially carcinogenicity, in either humans or experimental animals. In this study, its carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity were investigated in compliance with the OECD test guideline 451 (OECD TG 451) and Good Laboratory Practice Standards. Fifty male and 50 female F344 rats and 50 female BDF1 mice were administrated 0, 8000, 20000, or 50000 ppm anthracene in the diet for 104 weeks, and 50 male BDF1 mice were fed diets containing anthracene at 0, 3200, 8000, or 20000 ppm. Anthracene treatment had no adverse effect on either the survival rate or general condition of the rats or mice during the study period. Body weights were lower or tended to be lower in the anthracene‐treated groups than in the control groups. Increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma was observed in male rats and female mice. Renal cell carcinoma and renal cell adenoma, fibroadenoma in the mammary gland, and uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma were increased in female rats. Transitional cell carcinoma and transitional cell papilloma in the urinary bladder were also increased in male and female rats. In addition, several different pre‐neoplastic lesions were increased in the anthracene‐treated male and female rats and female mice. These results provide clear evidence that oral administration of anthracene for 104 weeks has a carcinogenic effect in male and female rats and female mice.