bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education, financial aid, and awareness can reduce smallholder farmers' vulnerability to drought under climate change
Authors: Wens Marthe L. K. , van Loon Anne F. , Veldkamp Ted I. E. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Analyses of future agricultural drought impacts require a multidisciplinary approach in which both human and environmental dynamics are studied. In this study, we used the socio-hydrologic, agent-based drought risk adaptation model ADOPT. This model simulates the decisions of smallholder farmers regarding on-farm drought adaptation measures and the resulting dynamics in household vulnerability and drought impact over time. We applied ADOPT to assess the effect of four top-down disaster risk reduction interventions on smallholder farmers' drought risk in the Kenyan drylands: the robustness of additional extension services, lowered credit rates, ex ante rather than ex post cash transfers, and improved early warnings were evaluated under different climate change scenarios. Model results suggest that extension services increase the adoption of newer low-cost drought adaptation measures while credit schemes are useful
for measures with a high investment cost, and ex ante cash transfers allow
the least wealthy households to adopt low-cost, well-known measures. Early
warning systems are shown to be more effective in climate scenarios with less frequent
droughts. Combining all four interventions displays a mutually reinforcing
effect with a sharp increase in the adoption of on-farm drought adaptation
measures, resulting in reduced food insecurity, decreased poverty levels, and
drastically lower need for emergency aid, even under hotter and drier
climate conditions. These nonlinear synergies indicate that a holistic
perspective is needed to support smallholder resilience in the Kenyan
drylands.
SNICAR-ADv4: a physically based radiative transfer model to represent the spectral albedo of glacier ice
Authors: Whicker Chloe A. , Flanner Mark G. , Dang Cheng , Zender Charles S. , Cook Joseph M. , Gardner Alex S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Accurate modeling of cryospheric surface albedo is essential for our
understanding of climate change as snow and ice surfaces regulate the global
radiative budget and sea-level through their albedo and mass
balance. Although significant progress has been made using physical
principles to represent the dynamic albedo of snow, models of glacier ice
albedo tend to be heavily parameterized and not explicitly connected with
physical properties that govern albedo, such as the number and size of air
bubbles, specific surface area (SSA), presence of abiotic and biotic light
absorbing constituents (LACs), and characteristics of any overlying
snow. Here, we introduce SNICAR-ADv4, an extension of the multi-layer
two-stream delta-Eddington radiative transfer model with the
adding–doubling solver that has been previously applied to represent snow
and sea-ice spectral albedo. SNICAR-ADv4 treats spectrally resolved Fresnel
reflectance and transmittance between overlying snow and higher-density
glacier ice, scattering by air bubbles of varying sizes, and numerous types
of LACs. SNICAR-ADv4 simulates a wide range of clean snow and ice broadband
albedo (BBA), ranging from 0.88 for (30 µm) fine-grain snow to 0.03
for bare and bubble-free ice under direct light. Our results indicate that
representing ice with a density of 650 kg m−3 as snow with no
refractive Fresnel layer, as done previously, generally overestimates the
BBA by an average of 0.058. However, because most
naturally occurring ice surfaces are roughened “white ice”, we recommend
modeling a thin snow layer over bare ice simulations. We find optimal
agreement with measurements by representing cryospheric media with densities
less than 650 kg m−3 as snow and larger-density media as bubbly ice
with a Fresnel layer. SNICAR-ADv4 also simulates the non-linear albedo
impacts from LACs with changing ice SSA, with peak impact per unit mass of
LACs near SSAs of 0.1–0.01 m2 kg−1. For bare, bubble-free ice, LACs
actually increase the albedo. SNICAR-ADv4 represents smooth transitions
between snow, firn, and ice surfaces and accurately reproduces measured
spectral albedos of a variety of glacier surfaces. This work paves the way
for adapting SNICAR-ADv4 to be used in land ice model components of Earth
system models.
Accelerated orthodontics
Authors: Virdi Gurmeet Kaur , Prashar Anil , Kaur Sukhpal 
Published: April 2022

Orthodontic treatment is possibly, in terms of duration, the lengthiest dental procedure performed. Lengthy orthodontic treatment prompts many patients, especially adults, to either avoid treatment or to seek shorter alternative solutions with compromised results. Extended orthodontic treatment duration may also be associated with an increased risk of root resorption, periodontal disease, dental caries and loss of patient motivation. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has long been desired for its multiple potential benefits including shorter treatment duration, improved post treatment stability and reducing side effects associated with prolonged treatment. When an orthodontic force is delivered to a tooth certain mechanical, chemical, and cellular events take place within the paradental tissues resulting in architectural alterations that bring about tooth movement. By increasing body's response to the orthodontic forces, tooth movement can be accelerated and treatment time can be reduced. Attempts to accelerate tooth movement date back to the 1890s; almost contemporary with Angle's groundbreaking work in modern orthodontics. Today, accelerated orthodontics may be accomplished by several approaches that include invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive procedures. Invasive approach includes interseptal alveolar surgery and corticotomy while minimal invasive methods include modifications of surgical procedure such as peizocision, corticision and microosteoperforations.
Comparative evaluation of micro-leakage and shear bond strength between a self adhesive flowable composite resin and self etch based flowable composite restorative material
Authors: Gowda R Ananda , Savitha A. 
Published: April 2022

Background: An in vitro evaluation and comparing the microleakage and shear bond strength between a self- adhesive flowable composite resin (Dyad Flow) and self-etch based flowable composite restorative material ( Nano Filtek Z 350XT) Materials and methods: A total of sixty specimens were prepared from extracted teeth, which were divided into two groups. For microleakage analysis, Group I consisting of thirty teeth which were further divided into two subgroups of fifteen teeth each that is Group IA and Group IB, on which standard class V cavity was prepared and restored with Dyad Flow and Nano Filtek Z 350XT respectively. The prepared specimens were immersed in 0.6% aqueous Rhodamine B dye for 24 hours. The sectioned samples were examined under a Confocal Microscope at 10 X magnification and microleakage scores were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test. For shear bond strength evaluation, Group II consisting of thirty teeth, which were subdivided into two subgroups of fifteen teeth each that is Group IIA and Group IIB.
New catalogue of earthquakes for Peninsular India during 1839-1900
Authors: SRIVASTAVA HN , RAMACHANDRAN K 
Published: April 2022

Based upon the recommendations of the UNESCO experts after the Koyna earthquake of December 1967 a new catalogue of earthquakes for Peninsular India has been prepared for the period 1839-1900. The data has been extracted from the microfilms of Times of India, Statesman and Hindu for the period commencing with theft publication (1839) to installatio!1of seismological instruments in the country (1900).
It is interesting to note that the region where significant earthquakes have occurred, tremors of felt intensity have been reported several years preceding the main events. Also through this catalogue the first case of unusual animal behaviour in the Indian region about one hour prior to an earthquake of intensity V In Manbhoom district on 19 February 1892 is brought to light.
Correlation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Diagnosed on Transabdominal Ultrasound with Urinary Retention Checked with Post Micturition Residual Volume on Ultrasound
Authors: Malik Awon Abbas , Farooq Muhaammad Yousaf , Uzair Muhammad , Raza Irzam Hassan , Khan Osama Tanwer , Mughani Abdul , Ali M. Mohsin , Rehan M.  Osama , Hasan Zain ul 
Published: April 2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a histologic disease in proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate occurs, leading to an enlarged prostate gland. Chronic BOO due to BPH may cause urinary retention, impaired kidneys, repetitive urinary tract infections, high degree hematuria, and bladder stones.

Objective:To study the interconnection of prostatic volumes with post micturitiing residual urine volume (PMR) in males with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: It was a cross-sectional research comprising of 220 subjects who underwent Ultrasonography scan over duration of 4 months. This study was performed in Sanabil Health Services Hospital Lahore, from 15-6-2021 to 16-10-2021. Men of all ages diagnosed for BPH were a part of this research. The subjects with prostatic malignancies, who underwent mild urinary tract and/or prostate surgeries and men with UTI or bladder calculi, were included in this experiment. Abdominal ultrasonography was conducted using a curved array probe of 3.5-5 MHz frequency. The outcomes were Prostate volumes and post PMR volumes. Results: In total, 220 subjects were evaluated. Out of these, benign prostatic hyperplasia was not found in 60(27.3%) and was present in 160(72.7%). Normal PMRV was found in 75(34.1%) and was raised in 145(65.9%). A remarkable mean difference of pre-void volume was observed in patients with BPH and without BPH. The p-value was 0.000<0.05. A significant mean difference of post void volume was observed in patients with BPH as p-value is 0.000<0.05.Conclusion:Ultrasound has been proven to diagnose early prostatic enlargement and other prostate related pathologies, our study found out that there is a remarkable connection between PMR Volume and BPH i.e., with increasing prostatic weight, urinary retention increases.
Aves asociadas a masas emergentes de tul (Schoenoplectus californicus'. Cyperaceae) en tres municipios de Sololá, en Ja Reserva de Usos Múltiples Cuenca Lago Atitlán, Guatemala
Authors: Garcia M. , Dávila V. , Noriega B. 
Published: April 2022

El lago de Atitlán es considerado un humedal de importancia como reservorio de agua dulce. Debido a su importancia se declaró toda su cuenca como Reserva de Usos Múltiples, en la cual están presentes una variedad de ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos. En los ecosistemas acuáticos se encuentran las especies vegetales conocidas como tul, Schoenoplectus californicus de la familia Cyperaceae y Typha dominguensis de la familia Typhaceae, las cuales son de interés socioeconómico ya que ambas se utilizan para la elaboración de artesanías. Sin embargo, de las dos especies S. californicus es la especie más abundante en el sitio de estudio. Actualmente organizaciones de gobierno y de la sociedad civil, se encuentran diseñando herramientas para el manejo y monitoreo de este recurso. En el presente estudio se registraron las especies de aves asociadas a las masas emergentes de S. californicus como insumo para el diseño de una estrategia de monitoreo biológico. Se registraron 11 especies de aves asociadas a las masas de tul y 15 más asociadas a ecosistemas acuáticos circundantes. Se documento actividad reproductiva asociada a las masas de tul para las especies Oxyura jamaicensis, Fulica americana y Gallinula chloropus. Este estudio permitió evidenciar la importancia de los ecosistemas acuáticos presentes en el Lago de Atitlán para la supervivencia de las poblaciones de aves residentes y migratorias.
Frecuencia de infección asociada a catéter en un Hospital Privado de la ciudad de Guatemala
Authors: Pérez L. , Gil M. , Ramírez C. 
Published: April 2022

El presente es un estudio prospectivo que se realizó durante un período de un año (11/05 a 11/06) en un hospital privado de la ciudad de Guatemala. Se determinaron la frecuencia y posibles factores de riesgo de infecciones asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales, así como los agentes infecciosos comúnmente implicados con su patrón de susceptibilidad antibiótica. Para ello, se dio seguimiento a todos los pacientes a los cuales se les colocaron catéteres venosos centrales, por medio de una ficha de datos y se cultivaron todas las puntas que fueron enviadas al laboratorio por decisión médica. Para el cultivo se empleó la técnica de Maki completada con el caldo tíoglicolato. Se retiraron un total de 122 catéteres pertenecientes a 85 pacientes, sin embargo se trabajó con el resultado de 87 cultivos de catéter divididos en cuatro grupos, según el número de catéteres utilizados en cada paciente; 57 catéteres correspondían al primero que se colocó en cada paciente, por lo que se analizaron por separado. No se efectuó análisis del segundo catéter en adelante ya que fueron pocas muestras. Se calcularon las frecuencias y asociaciones, utilizando el programa ECXEL. Se determinó el valor de chi cuadrado, p y OR utilizando el programa EPIDAT y para frecuencia y patrones de susceptibilidad bacteriana, el programa WHONET.
No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el resultado del cultivo del catéter con edad, sexo, tiempo de cateterización, número de llaves de catéter, utilización de otras vías invasivas, padecimiento de enfermedad sistémica y uso de terapia antimicrobiana sistémica (en todos p >0.05). Sí se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sito de colocación del catéter y el resultado del cultivo, con una mayor frecuencia en la posición yugular derecha. (4 de 4). El microorganismo colonizante del catéter más frecuente fue Staphylococcus epidernüdis (24%) y el porcentaje de bacteriemias fue de 1.14%.
Se concluye que el porcentaje de colonización que se obtuvo en el estudio fue relativamente bajo comparado con estudios previos (Dubón. 1989.Juracán. 19 90. Pañi agua. 1992) en Guatemala, sin embargo, se considera que es alto (20.69%) para el presente estudio, en comparación con estándares internacionales. No se encontró una relación significativa entre duración de cateterización e infección, probablemente por el número de casos estudiados (p=0.7155).
Evaluación de la hoja del árbol de caulote (Guaznta uhttifolia,Lam),como alimento para humanos
Authors: Pérez H.R. , Salazar J. 
Published: April 2022

Con el objetivo de determinar la composición nutricional de la hoja de caulote Guazuma ulmifolia Lam), la toxicidad en humanos, la aceptabilidad y preferencia de dos preparaciones elaboradas con dicha hoja, se colectaron hojas de caulote en Atescatempa, Jutiapa, se deshidrataron y molieron. Aplicando el sistema de Weende para análisis químico proximal, se determinó que la hoja de caulote (G. ulmifolia Lam) tiene un alto contenido de humedad, fibra y proteìna, aunque menor cantidad de proteína que otras hojas utilizadas en la alimentación humana;. El perfil de minerales indica que dicha hoja presenta un alto contenido de calcio, hierro y magnesio. El contenido de calcio y magnesio duplica lo reportado en otras hojas como el macuy, bledo y amaranto
El estudio de toxicidad realizado indica que la hoja de caulote (G. ulmifolia Lam) no es tòxica para consumo humano. La descripción sensorial de las hojas de caulote (G. ulmifolia Lam) indica que la textura de la hoja es áspera y ligosa, lo que produce una sensación de raspado en la lengua. La prueba de aceptabilidad de tamalitos de hoja de caulote y sopa de hojas de caulote, evaluados con una escala de 1 a 5 (1 menor aceptabilidad y 5 mayor aceptabilidad), dio como resultado 4.31 para tamalito y 2.96 para la sopa de hierbas, siendo significativa esta diferencia. La evaluación de la preferencia indica que la hoja de caulote en forma de tamalito es preferido en relación a la sopa de hoja de caulote.
Editorial
Authors: Madariaga Monroy Lissete 
Published: April 2022

E Consejo Editorial de la presente publicación, se esfuerza por incluir dentro de cada edición artículos de calidad científica, aceptando propuestas de autores con experiencia en la práctica del método científico, como la contribución del grupo de especialistas que participan en la revisión respectiva y aguda de cada uno de los contenidos propuestos, realizando las recomendaciones que el caso amerita, lo cual es garantía de excelencia y prestigio nacional como internacional.
La Revista Científica es la vitrina que refleja los resultados de las múltiples investigaciones, que van conformando a través del proceso sistemático y determinación de hallazgos conocimiento científico, debido a que el método es sometido a rigurosidad de revisión por pares (per review) que aporta calidad de datos y permite que otros investigadores puedan utilizar la metodología y reproducir resultados válidos.
The Role of Trade in Faster Job Creation and Economic Growth in India
Authors: Mitra Devashish 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Jan-Feb 2021
India currently faces the twin problems of slow job creation and slow economic growth. Even when economic growth has been rapid, India has made slow progress in the creation of quality jobs. To address these issues, I first draw inferences from India’s post-independence economic history. The main lesson is that trade reforms have been followed by high rates of growth, while restrictive trade policies have led to slow growth. For the creation of quality jobs, I emphasize the importance of the exports of labour-intensive manufactures. To dig deeper, the evidence on structural change and its determinants is presented, followed by some relevant theory. Policy recommendations presented include tariff reductions, labour law reforms, setting up Autonomous Economic Zones (AEZs) and signing preferential trade agreements.
Decline in Poverty in India: Real or an Artifact of a Low Poverty Line?
Authors: Panagariya Arvind , More Vishal 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Mar-Apr 2021
After the erstwhile Planning Commission released the poverty estimates for India for the year 2011-12 in July 2013, a debate ensued on whether the impressive poverty reduction was not due to an excessively low poverty line set by the commission. Utilizing unit-level data from NSS consumer expenditure surveys of years 1993-94, 2004-05 and 2011-12, this research presents empirical evidence that puts to rest any doubts that India’s poverty reduction is an artifact of a low poverty line. We show that even when the poverty line is set at expenditure levels higher than the Tendulkar poverty line by 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent, the broad trends in poverty reduction captured by the Tendulkar poverty line continue to be valid. Our estimates also show that the absolute number of individuals lifted out of poverty between 1993-94 and 2011-12 was in fact slightly larger when the poverty line is 25 percent above the Tendulkar line. Even though it is difficult to match this remarkable decline at progressively higher poverty lines, we show that the gains remain large even as we push the poverty line to a level twice the Tendulkar line and is reflective of a very broad-based growth during this period.
Mandatory Mediation in India - Resolving to Resolve
Authors: Kinhal Deepika , _ Apoorva 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Mar-Apr 2021
This paper explores the concept of mandatory mediation as a solution for reducing pendency in the traditional court system. After discussing the concept of mediation and the existing regulatory framework governing it in India, this paper identifies the problems afflicting mediation in India. It proceeds to examine how many of these problems can be overcome by making mediation mandatory. It discusses the benefits of mandatory mediation and attempts to address some concerns surrounding it. To zero-in on the most appropriate model for introducing mandatory mediation India, this paper looks at how mandatory mediation has fared in other jurisdictions like the European Union, Australia, the United States and Italy. This paper finally recommends that India should introduce a modified version of the Italian opt-out model of mandatory mediation in the country in a phased manner.
Manajemen Pembelajaran Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Berbasis Blanded Learning Di MAN Demak
Authors: Rosidi Ayeb 
Published: April 2022

Penyebaran virus corona virus disease (covid)-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia pada khususnya telah merubah semua tatanan kehidupan masyarakat, tidak terkecuali dunia pendidikan. Hal ini berakibat pada kebijakan pendidikan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 atau yang sering disebut dengan “new normal”, memaksa pendidikan harus meninggalkan konsep pembelajaran lama yang masih mengandalkan 100% tatap muka antara guru dan siswa berpindah ke pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Pembelajaran dengan blended learning-pun menjadi salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan agar siswa tetap bisa mendapatkan haknya dalam pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan secara rinci bagaimana manajemen pembelajaran pada masa pandemi covid-19 berbasis blended learning di MAN Demak. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap perencanaan, madrasah merumuskan kurikulum khusus yang disesuaikan dengan model pembelajaran blended learning di masa Pandemi Covid-19, penyusunan RPP oleh masing-masing guru dan didukung oleh sarana dan prasana belajar yang memadai. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, MAN Demak menerapkan sistem shift, siswa yang nomor presensi ganjil masuk dan belajar secara luring di tanggal ganjil sementara siswa yang nomor presensi genap mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Sebaliknya siswa dengan nomor presensi genap masuk dan belajar luring di tanggal genap, dan siswa ganjil mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Pada tahap evaluasi, Madrasah melaksanakan evaluasi secara tatap muka/luring dan online/daring melalui e-learning dan google form.
Validitas Dan Keterbacaan Booklet Capung Untuk Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Zoologi Invertebrata
Authors: Akbar Zaini , Halang Bunda , Utami Nurul Hidayati 
Published: April 2022

Capung merupakan salah satu jenis insekta yang merupakan bioindikator dalam lingkungan. Insekta dapat ditemukan di sawah, sehingga sawah merupakan salah satu habitat ditemukannya capung sehingga keberadan capung di sawah dapat meningkatkan sumber belajar yang menarik untuk mahasiswa untuk meningkatkan pemahaman keanekaragaman ordo odonatan pada mata kuliah zoologi invertebrata. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Menganalisis Keanekaragaman capung jenis ordo odonata yang ditemukan di kawasan persawahan desa Beringin Kencana Kecamatan Tabunganen. (2) Mendeskripsikan validitas booklet yang di susun dari data keanekaragaman capung di kawasan persawahan Beringin Kencana Kecamatan Tabunganen Sebagai bahan ajar mata kuliah zoologi invertebrata. (3) Mendeskripsikan uji keterbacaan booklet yang di susun dari data keanekaragaman capung di kawasan persawahan Beringin Kencana Kecamatan Tabunganen Sebagai pengayaan zoologi invertebrata. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model R&D yang dikembangkan oleh Borg and Gall dengan tahapan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan langkah-langkah yaitu research and Information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision. Berdasrkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa (1) terdapat 7 spesies capung yaitu Orthetrum sabina, Neurothemis fluctuans, Brachytemis contaminata, Agriocnemis pygmaea, Ceriagrion cerinorubellum, Tholymis tillarga, dan Ischnura senegalensis. (2) Berdasarkan uji validitas Booklet yang dikembangkan dinyatakan sangat valid oleh tiga dosen ahli dengan skornvaliditas pada aspek isi yaitu 88,89%, pada aspek bahasa yaitu 88,89%, dan pada aspek penyajian yaitu 94,44%. (3) Ujinketerbacaann oleh 6 mahasiswa mendapatkan hasil nilai 86,76% sehiingga Booklet mendapatkann kriteriia sangatnbaik.