bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a fit between PhD candidates’ and their supervisors’ perceptions on the impact of COVID-19 on doctoral education?
Authors: Pyhältö Kirsi , Tikkanen Lotta , Anttila Henrika 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has had its impact on research and researchers, potentially influencing the future of academia. Yet, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no empirical studies on the alignment between supervisors’ and supervisees’ estimates of the impact of COVID-19. This study aims to contribute to bridging this gap by exploring PhD candidates’ and supervisors’ perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on candidates’ study progress and study well-being, and whether the estimates were related to supervisors’ and supervisees’ well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 768 PhD candidates and 561 doctoral supervisors from a large multifield research-intensive university in Finland participated in this quantitative study. Data were collected with the doctoral experience survey and the supervisory experience survey.

Findings
In general, the results show that both supervisors and supervisees recognised the negative impact of the pandemic on candidates’ well-being and progress, and their perceptions were quite well aligned. However, supervisors estimated that the impact had been more detrimental than the supervisees did. The results also show that the supervisors’ perceptions of the negative impact of COVID-19 on candidates’ progress and well-being were related to reduced levels of their own well-being.

Originality/value
Results can be used in developing effective support means for both the supervisors and supervisees to overcome the hardships caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to avoid long-term negative consequences for the candidates in degree completion, career trajectories and the future of the academy.
Semantic Shift in Middle English: Farming and Trade As Test Cases
Authors: Sylvester Louise , Tiddeman Megan , Ingham Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a study undertaken as part of the Technical Language and Semantic Shift in Middle English project. Our dataset (totalling 4,628 words and 2,215 senses) is drawn from an expanded corpus of the Bilingual Thesaurus of Everyday Life in Medieval England. This lexis has been arranged into a semantic hierarchy, based on the categories devised for the Historical Thesaurus of English, in order to address a much discussed feature of language change that has not been investigated using a lexical corpus. The project aims to use this digitised hypernymic framework to track shift at various levels of technicality, collate data on borrowing and obsolescence, and examine the linguistic ecology of the Middle English period from a semantic‐hierarchic viewpoint.Autohyponyms from two domains (Farming and Trade) were collated and compared with the wider corpus for specificity, lexicalisation and language of origin. Our findings suggest that terms which narrow or broaden in meaning tend to start off at the more general levels of the hierarchy and shift from semantic spaces which have a higher than average number of co‐hyponyms. Autohyponyms appear more likely to be of French than of Old English origin, prompting further questions about borrowing and sense development.
Real‐world treatment and prognostic factors for survival in ALK+ non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases in China
Authors: Li Na , Xie Mingying , Zhou Zichao , Sheng Jiamin , Yu Xiaoqing , Fan Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of different treatment modalities on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs).MethodsA total of 86 patients were enrolled into the study. They were divided into two cohorts based on their history of treatment with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors(ALK‐TKIs) prior to the incidence of BMs. ALK‐TKI‐naïve patients with BMs were included in cohort 1 (n = 59); patients who developed BMs after ALK‐TKIs treatment were enrolled in cohort 2 (n = 27). Prognostic factors related with overall survival (OS) when treated with ALK‐TKIs were assessed in multivariable analysis.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 41.8 months, the median OS was 34.8 months. In cohort 1, the OS, intracranial progression‐free survival (iPFS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 38.7 months (95% CI: 23.3 to 54.1), 18.5 months (95% CI: 9.6 to 27.4), and 19.1 months (95% CI: 13.7 to 24.5), respectively. Significantly improved OS and iPFS were noted in those patients in which second‐generation ALK‐TKIs versus crizotinib were initiated (OS: not reached vs. 29.0 months, p = 0.040; iPFS: 22.8 vs. 11.9 months, p = 0.035). In cohort 2, patients who experienced BMs as a result of the treatment failure of ALK‐TKIs had a median OS of 27.1 months. Considerable duration of stable disease in patients with measurable BMs was observed (iPFS: 11.5 months, 95% CI: 4.4 to 18.6; PFS: 12.2 months, 95% CI: 3.2 to 21.1).ConclusionSecond‐generation ALK‐TKIs further improved the duration of intracranial response and survival in ALK+ NSCLC patients with BMs in a real‐world setting. The potent intracranial efficacy of second‐generation ALK‐TKIs might generate the lowered urgency of local treatment.
A qualitative examination of the decision‐making process of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Intentions and willingness
Authors: Boyle Holly K. , Singh Samyukta , López Gabriela , Carey Kate B. , Jackson Kristina M. , Merrill Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol and cannabis use are common among young adults and most young adults who use both substances have used them simultaneously (i.e., using both substances so their effects overlap). Because simultaneous use is associated with a greater number and severity of consequences than single substance use, research is needed to examine the decision‐making process of engaging in this high‐risk behavior. We conducted a qualitative examination of intentions (i.e., plans) and willingness (i.e., one's openness to engage in the behavior if an opportunity presents itself) to engage in simultaneous use from the perspective of young adults who frequently report this substance use behavior.MethodsWe recruited 36 young adults who reported simultaneous use and heavy drinking (4+/5+ drinks for women/men; 64% women, ages 18 to 25) to participate in semi‐structured interviews. All interviews were double coded for thematic analysis and both novel and a priori themes were found.ResultsYoung adults distinguished between intending to engage in simultaneous use and being willing to engage in simultaneous use. They reported that intentions and willingness varied from occasion to occasion. They also reported that context and alcohol consumption influenced their willingness to engage in simultaneous use. Peer pressure or offers increased their willingness to use cannabis while drinking and having current or next‐day responsibilities decreased their willingness to engage in simultaneous use. Additionally, planned simultaneous use occasions were characterized as being special events where young adults consumed more substances, but were more likely to monitor their use than unplanned occasions.ConclusionsIntentions and willingness may be important proximal predictors of simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. Building off this qualitative work, quantitative research should identify which factors influence the decision‐making process to engage in simultaneous use and determine when intentions and willingness are most predictive of risky simultaneous use behavior.
Language and gender barriers to pain control after general surgery
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Bacchi Stephen , Stretton Brandon , Lam Lydia , Jiang Melinda , Gupta Aashray K. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEffective pain control is crucial to postoperative recovery and is affected by biopsychosocial factors. This study aimed to evaluate how non‐English primary language, gender, and marital status may influence pain, length of stay, and mortality after general surgery.MethodsConsecutive general surgical admissions over a two‐year period to two tertiary hospitals were included. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between non‐English primary language, gender, and marital status, and pain scores, length of stay, and in‐hospital mortality. Explanatory variables that were controlled for in these analyses included age, birth country, whether a religion was specified, socioeconomic percentile, Charlson comorbidity index, and time of admission.ResultsA total of 12 846 general surgery patients were included. When controlling for the aforementioned variables, including having a specified religion and being born overseas, having a non‐English primary language was significantly independently associated with lower pain scores (odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.71, P < 0.001). Female gender was independently associated with an increased likelihood of higher pain scores (odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18, P = 0.024) and a lower likelihood of prolonged length of stay (odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0. 80–0.95, P = 0.002). None of the evaluated variables had a statistically significant association with in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsThis study is the first to characterize an association between general surgery patients with a non‐English primary language and lower levels of postoperative pain. It was also found that female gender was associated with higher postoperative pain but lower length of hospital stay.
Can late lymphoscintigraphy be omitted in the sentinel node procedure in early‐stage vulvar cancer?
Authors: Thissen Daniek , de Hullu Joanne A. , Janssen Marcel J. R. , Aarts Johanna W. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the Netherlands, the sentinel lymph node procedure protocol consists of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy combined with intraoperative blue dye for identifying sentinel lymph nodes in early vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed at investigating the role of early and late lymphoscintigraphy.Material and methodsFrom January 2015 to January 2019, early and late lymphoscintigraphies of 52 women were retrospectively analyzed. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed 30 minutes (early) and 2.5–4 hours (late) after vulvar injection of 99mTc‐labeled nanocolloid. We calculated the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between number of sentinel lymph nodes detected on both images using the Lins concordance coefficient and correlated with clinicopathological data.ResultsThirty‐four women had a midline tumor and 18 had a lateral tumor. Detection rates with early and late scintigraphy were 88.5% and 98.1%, respectively. Median number of detected nodes was 1.0 (0–7) and 2.0 (0–7). Good statistical correlation between number of sentinel lymph nodes detected on early and late imaging was found (CCC = 0.76) in most patients. In 18 women (35%) a mismatch occurred: a higher number of nodes was detected on late imaging. In 11 of 18 women re‐injection was performed because no sentinel lymph nodes were visualized on early images. Late imaging and intraoperative detection showed a good statistical correlation (CCC = 0.61). One woman showed an isolated groin recurrence despite negative sentinel lymph nodes.ConclusionsThis study showed good statistical correlations between early and late scintigraphy in most patients. However, in 35% of women late scintigraphy detected more nodes. In case of poor visualization after the first scintigraphy, re‐injection should be considered. Late scintigraphy is probably helpful in confirming successful re‐injection and in showing deviating lymph flow in women with failed mapping after the first injection and successful re‐injection. Because missing metastatic sentinel lymph nodes often leads to a poor prognosis, we prefer optimal correlations between imaging and intraoperative identification. Hence, late scintigraphy cannot be safely omitted.
A randomised evaluation of low‐dose Ara‐C plus pegylated recombinant arginase BCT‐100 versus low dose Ara‐C in older unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: Results from the LI‐1 trial
Authors: Mussai Francis , De Santo Carmela , Cheng Paul , Thomas Ian F. , Ariti Cono , Upton Laura , Scarpa Ugo , Stavrou Victoria , Sydenham Mia , Burnett Alan K. , Knapper Steven K. , Mehta Priyanka , McMullin Mary F. , Copland Mhairi , Russell Nigel H. , Dennis Mike 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe survival of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients aged over 60 has been suboptimal historically, whether they are treated using hypomethylating agents, low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC) or venetoclax‐based regimens. Progress is being made, however, for subgroups with favourable molecular or cytogenetic findings. Arginine metabolism plays a key role in AML pathophysiology. We report the only randomised study of LDAC with recombinant arginase BCT‐100 versus LDAC alone in older AML patients unsuitable for intensive therapy. Eighty‐three patients were randomised to the study. An overall response rate was seen in 19.5% (all complete remission [CR]) and 15% (7.5% each in CR and CR without evidence of adequate count recovery [CRi]) of patients in the LDAC+BCT‐100 and LDAC arms respectively (odds ratio 0.73, confidence interval 0.23–2.33; p = 0.592). No significant difference in overall or median survival between treatment arms was seen. The addition of BCT‐100 to LDAC was well tolerated.
Depletion of tumor‐associated macrophages inhibits lung cancer growth and enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin
Authors: Kawaguchi Yo , Ohshio Yasuhiko , Watanabe Atsuko , Shiratori Takuya , Okamoto Keigo , Ueda Keiko , Kataoka Yoko , Suzuki Tomoaki , Hanaoka Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn lung cancer, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), especially M2‐like TAMs, represent the main tumor progression components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, M2‐like TAMs may serve as a therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M2‐like TAM depletion in the TME on tumor growth and chemotherapy response in lung cancer. The levels of secreted monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatants of lung cancer cell lines A549 and LLC were evaluated via ELISA. Cell migration assays were performed to assess the recruitment ability of macrophage cell lines THP‐1 and J774‐1 cells. Differentiation of macrophages was assessed via flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize M2‐like TAMs in transplanted lung cancer in mouse. We used the COX‐2 inhibitor nimesulide to inhibit the secretion of MCP‐1 and PGE2, which promotes macrophage migration and M2‐like differentiation. Nimesulide treatment decreased the secretion of MCP‐1 and PGE2 from lung cancer cells. Nimesulide treatment suppressed the migration of macrophages by blocking MCP‐1. Lung cancer supernatant induced the differentiation of macrophages toward the M2‐like phenotype, and nimesulide treatment inhibited M2‐like differentiation by blocking MCP‐1 and PGE2. In the lung cancer mouse model, treatment with nimesulide depleted M2‐like TAMs in the TME and enhanced the tumor inhibitory effect of cisplatin. Our results indicated that blocking the secretion of MCP‐1 and PGE2 from tumor cells depleted M2‐like TAMs in the TME and the combination therapy with cisplatin considerably suppressed tumor growth in the LLC mouse model.
Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus replication and transcription activator protein activates CD274/PD‐L1 gene promoter
Authors: Miyazawa Masanori , Yamamoto Yuichiro , Katayama Kazuhiro , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Noguchi Kohji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is responsible for the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. The expression of immunosuppressive genes, such as IL‐10 and CD274/PD‐L1 is observed during KSHV‐associated pathogenesis, and the modulation of the host immune system by KSHV contributes to establishing viral persistence in the host. Understanding the mechanism that allows the virus to evade host cell immunity would be helpful in order to develop therapeutic strategies for KSHV malignancy. In this study, we show that KSHV replication and transcriptional activator (K‐RTA), an essential activator of the viral lytic cycle, transactivates the CD274/PD‐L1 gene promoter. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the binding of K‐RTA to the cellular specificity protein 1 (SP1) is critical for K‐RTA–mediated CD274/PD‐L1 promoter activation. These findings suggest that K‐RTA cooperates with intracellular SP1 to activate the expression of CD274/PD‐L1, which helps the virus regulate immune checkpoints to escape and survive.
Assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry in gingival epithelial cells expressing CD147
Authors: Bontempo Alexander , Chirino Alexandra , Heidari Alireza , Boparai Saurav , Arora Saher , Ruiz Sunniva , Antonson Sibel A. , Kawai Toshihisa , Cayabyab Mark J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of the debilitating COVID‐19, is mainly transmitted by first infecting nose and lung epithelial cells. The mouth is also believed to be a viral portal site since certain types of oral epithelial cells were shown to express ACE2 receptor. However, it is unclear whether oral epithelial cells are directly infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we addressed whether epithelial cells of the oral gingiva were susceptible to infection. Interestingly, we found that KRT5+ and KRT18+ gingival epithelial cells do not express ACE2 but highly express TMPRSS2 and Furin as well as CD147, which was proposed to be an alternative receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2. However, using SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses containing the spike protein, we observed that gingival epithelial cells were not susceptible to infection due to the lack of ACE2 expression and the inability of CD147 to mediate viral entry. These results strongly suggest that epithelial cells from the gingiva are not susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 and CD147 is not a receptor for the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The susceptibility of oral cells from other oral structures under healthy and pathological conditions still needs to be confirmed to better understand the role of the oral cavity in COVID‐19 infection and transmission.
Fatigue life evaluation model for various austenitic stainless steels at elevated temperatures via alloy features‐based machine learning approach
Authors: He Lei , Yong Wei , Fu Huadong , Itoh Takamoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn alloy features‐based and chemical compositions‐based machine learning method was used to examine the low cycle fatigue life of austenitic stainless steels at different elevated temperatures employing one model. Furthermore, eight algorithms were used to examine the impact of algorithms on the precision of constructed models. As input, physicochemical features of elements were transformed from chemical compositions. After being conducted by the feature screening process, electronegativity deviation (E2.sd), ionization energy deviation (E6.sd), testing conditions, and tensile strength were chosen as input. The results show that algorithms affect accuracy and the models with the highest accuracy are SVR and ANN for alloy features and chemical compositions‐based method, respectively. Chemical composites‐based model demonstrates relatively lower precision than the alloy feature model. Almost all testing data distribute within two‐factor band lines predicted by alloying feature‐based model. The validation testing results indicate that 83% data plots distribute within two‐factor band lines.
Comparative impacts of dam water level regimes on herbaceous plant growth strategies in cascade reservoirs and downstream reaches of a major river
Authors: Sun Junyao , Pattison Zarah , Cao Yu , Fu Wenlong , Willby Nigel J. , Li Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Flow regulation is a prolific and growing influence on rivers world‐wide. Nine cascade hydropower dams were constructed along the 1,150‐km Wujiang River in China over the past 30 years, disrupting longitudinal continuity. Water level fluctuations in the associated reservoirs range between daily, weekly, seasonal, and annual, depending on the type of regulation, but the comparative impacts of these regimes on plant growth strategies, or the extent of their downstream influence, is unknown.

Competitor, stress‐tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) plant strategies were used to assess the impact of reservoir regulation type on the riparian herbaceous plant community based on sampling the inundation zone of nine reservoirs and their downstream river reaches during 2017 and 2018.

Our results revealed profound differences in CSR plant strategies of the dominant vegetation with respect to water level regime. While ruderal plants dominated (45%–60% of species), irrespective of regulation type, vegetation in reservoirs exhibited a strong shift from stress‐tolerators (e.g., Cynodon dactylon, C‐11.9:S‐41.5:R‐46.5%) to competitors (e.g., Reynoutria japonica, C‐77.9:S‐0:R‐22.0%) with increasing intensity of water level fluctuation, reflecting the shift from annual to daily regulation. The width of the inundation zone was the best overall variable in explaining the CSR strategies of riparian vegetation, both in the reservoir inundation zone (r2‐adj = 15.4%) and the downstream river (r2‐adj = 7.3%). Retention time significantly explained variation in CSR plant strategies in the reservoir inundation zone (r2‐adj = 3.7%, p = 0.002) but not downstream (p > 0.01). There was also a clear scale dependency of CSR plant strategies, with an increase in stress tolerators (average slope = 0.7%/km) and decline of competitor (average slope = −0.3%/km) and ruderal plants (average slope = −0.9%/km) with increasing distance downstream from dams.

The growth strategies of the dominant riparian vegetation changed with the magnitude and frequency of water level fluctuations caused by differences in regulation type, and local environmental conditions. Clear scale dependency in the CSR plant strategies was observed with distance from the dam, with ruderals dominating closest to the reservoirs and declining gradually downstream as stress tolerators increased.

Our study helps to evaluate the impact of river damming on the functional traits of riparian vegetation and to predict the resilience and restoration potential of riparian vegetation under different forms of human disturbance.
Influence of sanxan on the quality of salt‐free frozen‐cooked wheat noodles during freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Liang Ying , Song Jiayang , Chen Zilu , Liu Mei , Chen Shihua , Liu Hao , Zhang Xia , Wu Xingquan , He Baoshan , Wang Jinshui 
Published: November 2022

SummaryDeveloping salt‐free frozen‐cooked wheat noodles (FCNs) has a promising future, and how to eliminate the deficiency of the absence of salt is key to enhance its quality. In this study, based on the unique ‘gel‐forming in cold water and gel strength‐strengthening during heating’ properties, sanxan was used to improve the quality of salt‐free FCNs and the underlying mechanism was initially explored. TPA analysis, colour profile, thermal stability analysis, determination of free sulfhydryl and disulphide bonds contents, scanning electron microscopy observation, confocal laser scanning microscopy observation were carried out. The results showed that adding 1.2% sanxan could minimise the decrease in hardness, springiness, maximum tensile strength and tensile fracture distance, and the increase in adhesiveness of salt‐free FCNs during freeze–thaw treatments (FTs). The chrominance and thermal stability of salt‐free FCNs during FTs were also improved by adding 1.2% sanxan. Adding sanxan could strengthen the gluten network of salt‐free FCNs by weakening the recrystallisation of ice crystals, inhibiting the breakage of SS and enhancing the cross‐linkage degree and continuity of gluten network during FTs. The current study could develop a new preparation strategy of salt‐free convenient noodles and provide theoretical basis for expanding the novel application of sanxan in frozen foods.