bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Historical Perspective of the La Niña Event in 2020/2021
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Tseng Yu‐heng , Liu Yunyun , Liang Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation is the strongest interannual variability in the tropical oceans and the major source of global climate predictability. In this work, we examine the evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the tropical Pacific during 2020/2021 La Niña and compare it with the historical strong La Niña events since 1982, identify the contributions of different time scale components, and assess the predictions and the impact on extra‐tropical climate. 2020/2021 La Niña emerged in August 2020 and dissipated in May 2021. 2020/2021 La Niña was uniquely preceded by a borderline El Niño instead of an El Niño and a weak equatorial‐heat discharge process. That resulted in the weakest event among the strong La Niñas since 1982, although there were strong upwelling Kelvin wave activities. Moreover, compared with other strong La Niña events, the surface easterly wind anomalies and the warm pool extended further eastward in 2020/2021 La Niña, linking to a relatively weaker dipole‐like pattern of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies. The strength of all the strong La Niña events is determined by the in‐phase amplification of all time scale variations. Their decay in the boreal spring and early summer is mainly controlled by the intra seasonal‐inter seasonal variation. 2020/2021 La Niña was successfully predicted, however, the North American climate anomalies did not match the typical La Niña response, leading to low prediction skill in the extra‐tropics during its mature phase.
Anti-cancer therapy is associated with long-term epigenomic changes in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Robinson Natassia , Casement John , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge , Agudo Antonio , Barranco Miguel Rodríguez , Eichelmann Fabian , Johnson Theron , Kaaks Rudolf , Pala Valeria , Panico Salvatore , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Schultze Matthias B. , Travis Ruth C. , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Weiderpass Elisabete , Skinner Roderick , Sharp Linda , McKay Jill A , Strathdee Gordon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) exhibit significantly increased chronic diseases and premature death. Abnormalities in DNA methylation are associated with development of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. We investigated the hypothesis that anti-cancer treatments are associated with long-term DNA methylation changes that could be key drivers of adverse late health effects.MethodsGenome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using MethylationEPIC arrays in paired samples (before/after therapy) from 32 childhood cancer patients. Separately, methylation was determined in 32 samples from different adult CCS (mean 22-years post-diagnosis) and compared with cancer-free controls (n = 284).ResultsWidespread DNA methylation changes were identified post-treatment in childhood cancer patients, including 146 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which were consistently altered in the 32 post-treatment samples. Analysis of adult CCS identified matching methylation changes at 107/146 of the DMRs, suggesting potential long-term retention of post-therapy changes. Adult survivors also exhibited epigenetic age acceleration, independent of DMR methylation. Furthermore, altered methylation at theDUSP6DMR was significantly associated with early mortality, suggesting altered methylation may be prognostic for some late adverse health effects in CCS.ConclusionsThese novel methylation changes could serve as biomarkers for assessing normal cell toxicity in ongoing treatments and predicting long-term health outcomes in CCS.
Age-related effects of executive function on takeover performance in automated driving
Authors: Peng Qijia , Wu Yanbin , Qie Nan , Iwaki Sunao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of highly automated vehicles can meet elderly drivers’ mobility needs; however, worse driving performance after a takeover request (TOR) is frequently found, especially regarding non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). This study aims to detect the correlation between takeover performance and underlying cognitive factors comprising a set of higher order cognitive processes including executive functions. Thirty-five young and 35 elderly participants were tested by computerized cognitive tasks and simulated driving tasks to evaluate their executive functions and takeover performance. Performance of n-back tasks, Simon tasks, and task switching were used to evaluate updating, inhibition, and shifting components of executive functions by principal component analysis. The performance of lane changing after TOR was measured using the standard deviation of the steering wheel angle and minimum time-to-collision (TTC). Differences between age groups and NDRT engagement were assessed by two-way mixed analysis of variance. Older participants had significantly lower executive function ability and were less stable and more conservative when engaged in NDRT. Furthermore, a significant correlation between executive function and lateral driving stability was found. These findings highlight the interaction between age-related differences in executive functions and takeover performance; thus, provide implications for designing driver screening tests or human–machine interfaces.
Spin-thermoelectric effects in a quantum dot hybrid system with magnetic insulator
Authors: Trocha Piotr , Siuda Emil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate spin thermoelectric properties of a hybrid system consisting of a single-level quantum dot attached to magnetic insulator and metal electrodes. Magnetic insulator is assumed to be of ferromagnetic type and is a source of magnons, whereas metallic lead is reservoir of electrons. The temperature gradient set between the magnetic insulator and metallic electrodes induces the spin current flowing through the system. The generated spin current of magnonic (electric) type is converted to electric (magnonic) spin current by means of quantum dot. Expanding spin and heat currents flowing through the system, up to linear order, we introduce basic spin thermoelectric coefficients including spin conductance, spin Seebeck and spin Peltier coefficients and heat conductance. We analyse the spin thermoelectric properties of the system in two cases: in the large ondot Coulomb repulsion limit and when these interactions are finite.
Human liver organoid derived intra-hepatic bile duct cells support SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication
Authors: Lui Vincent Chi-Hang , Hui Kenrie Pui-Yan , Babu Rosanna Ottakandathil , Yue Haibing , Chung Patrick Ho-Yu , Tam Paul Kwong-Hang , Chan Michael Chi-Wai , Wong Kenneth Kak-Yuen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the main route of infection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the respiratory tract, liver injury is also commonly seen in many patients, as evidenced by deranged parenchymal liver enzymes. Furthermore, the severity of liver damage has been shown to correlate with higher mortality. Overall, the mechanism behind the liver injury remains unclear. We showed in this study that intra-hepatic bile duct cells could be grown using a human liver organoid platform. The cholangiocytes were not only susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, they also supported efficient viral replication. We also showed that SARS-CoV-2 replication was much higher than SARS-CoV. Our findings suggested direct cytopathic viral damage being a mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 liver injury.
Sexual development dysgenesis in interspecific hybrids of Medaka fish
Authors: Martinez-Bengochea A. L. , Kneitz S. , Herpin A. , Nóbrega R. H. , Adolfi M. C. , Schartl M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFish are amongst vertebrates the group with the highest diversity of known sex-determining genes. Particularly, the genusOryziasis a suitable taxon to understand how different sex determination genetic networks evolved in closely related species. Two closely related species,O. latipesandO. curvinotus,do not only share the same XX/XY sex chromosome system, but also the same male sex-determining gene,dmrt1bY. We performed whole mRNA transcriptomes and morphology analyses of the gonads of hybrids resulting from reciprocal crosses betweenO. latipesandO. curvinotus. XY male hybrids, presenting meiotic arrest and no production of sperm were sterile, and about 30% of the XY hybrids underwent male-to-female sex reversal. Both XX and XY hybrid females exhibited reduced fertility and developed ovotestis while aging. Transcriptome data showed that male-related genes are upregulated in the XX and XY female hybrids. The transcriptomes of both types of female and of the male gonads are characterized by upregulation of meiosis and germ cell differentiation genes. Differences in the parental species in the downstream pathways of sexual development could explain sex reversal, sterility, and the development of intersex gonads in the hybrids. We hypothesize that male-to-female sex reversal may be connected to a different development time between species at whichdmrt1bYexpression starts. Our results provide molecular clues for the proximate mechanisms of hybrid incompatibility and Haldane’s rule.
Structured analysis of the impact of fetal motion on phase-contrast MRI flow measurements with metric optimized gating
Authors: Schulz Alexander , Lloyd David F. A. , van Poppel Milou P. M. , Roberts Thomas A. , Steinweg Johannes K. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Hajnal Joseph V. , Razavi Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impact of fetal motion on phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) with metric optimized gating (MOG) remains unknown, despite being a known limitation to prenatal MRI. This study aims to describe the effect of motion on fetal flow-measurements using PC-MRI with MOG and to generate a scoring-system that could be used to predict motion-corrupted datasets at the time of acquisition. Ten adult volunteers underwent PC-MRI with MOG using a motion-device to simulate reproducible in-plane motion encountered in fetuses. PC-MRI data were acquired on ten fetuses. All ungated images were rated on their quality from 0 (no motion) to 2 (severe motion). There was no significant difference in measured flows with in-plane motion during the first and last third of sequence acquisition. Movement in the middle section of acquisition produced a significant difference while all referring ungated images were rated with a score of 2. Intra-Class-Correlation (ICC) for flow-measurements in adult and fetal datasets was lower for datasets with scores of 2. For fetal applications, the use of a simple three-point scoring system reliably identifies motion-corrupted sequences from unprocessed data at the time of acquisition, with a high score corresponding to significant underestimation of flow values and increased interobserver variability.
A novel renal perivascular mesenchymal cell subset gives rise to fibroblasts distinct from classic myofibroblasts
Authors: Minatoguchi Shun , Saito Shoji , Furuhashi Kazuhiro , Sawa Yuriko , Okazaki Masaki , Shimamura Yuko , Kaihan Ahmad Baseer , Hashimoto Yusaku , Yasuda Yoshinari , Hara Akitoshi , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Ando Ryota , Kato Noritoshi , Ishimoto Takuji , Tsuboi Naotake , Esaki Nobutoshi , Matsuyama Makoto , Shiraki Yukihiro , Kobayashi Hiroki , Asai Naoya , Enomoto Atsushi , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerivascular mesenchymal cells (PMCs), which include pericytes, give rise to myofibroblasts that contribute to chronic kidney disease progression. Several PMC markers have been identified; however, PMC heterogeneity and functions are not fully understood. Here, we describe a novel subset of renal PMCs that express Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that was recently identified as a marker of fibroblasts essential for cardiac tissue repair. Tracing the lineage of Meflin+ PMCs, which are found in perivascular and periglomerular areas and exhibit renin-producing potential, showed that they detach from the vasculature and proliferate under disease conditions. Although the contribution of Meflin+ PMCs to conventional α-SMA+ myofibroblasts is low, they give rise to fibroblasts with heterogeneous α-SMA expression patterns. Genetic ablation of Meflin+ PMCs in a renal fibrosis mouse model revealed their essential role in collagen production. Consistent with this, human biopsy samples showed that progressive renal diseases exhibit high Meflin expression. Furthermore, Meflin overexpression in kidney fibroblasts promoted bone morphogenetic protein 7 signals and suppressed myofibroblastic differentiation, implicating the roles of Meflin in suppressing tissue fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that Meflin marks a PMC subset that is functionally distinct from classic pericytes and myofibroblasts, highlighting the importance of elucidating PMC heterogeneity.
Sea anemone Bartholomea annulata venom inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels and activates GABAA receptors from mammals
Authors: Colom-Casasnovas Antònia , Garay Edith , Cisneros-Mejorado Abraham , Aguilar Manuel B. , Lazcano-Pérez Fernando , Arellano Rogelio O. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Judith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToxin production in nematocysts by Cnidaria phylum represents an important source of bioactive compounds. Using electrophysiology and, heterologous expression of mammalian ion channels in the Xenopus oocyte membrane, we identified two main effects produced by the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata venom. Nematocysts isolation and controlled discharge of their content, revealed that venom had potent effects on both voltage-dependent Na+ (Nav) channels and GABA type A channel receptors (GABAAR), two essential proteins in central nervous system signaling. Unlike many others sea anemone toxins, which slow the inactivation rate of Nav channels, B. annulata venom potently inhibited the neuronal action potential and the Na+ currents generated by distinct Nav channels opening, including human TTX-sensitive (hNav1.6) and TTX-insensitive Nav channels (hNav1.5). A second effect of B. annulata venom was an agonistic action on GABAAR that activated distinct receptors conformed by either α1β2γ2, α3β2γ1 or, ρ1 homomeric receptors. Since GABA was detected in venom samples by ELISA assay at low nanomolar range, it was excluded that GABA from nematocysts directly activated the GABAARs. This revealed that substances in B. annulata nematocysts generated at least two potent and novel effects on mammalian ion channels that are crucial for nervous system signaling.
Visible and near-infrared emitting heterotrimetallic lanthanide–aluminum–sodium 12-metallacrown-4 compounds: discrete monomers and dimers
Authors: Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Travis Jordan R. , Nagy Sarah G. , Smihosky Alyssa M. , Foley Collin M. , Kauffman Abigail C. , Zaleski Curtis M. , Petoud Stéphane 
Published: March 2022

The terbium-aluminum metallacrowns (MC), TbAl4Na (left image & capillary) and Tb2Al8Na2 (right image & capillary) emit green light. Tb2Al8Na2 has a quantum yield value of 43.9%, the highest value observed in the solid state to date for a TbIII MC.
“If You Just Stay With Me and Wait…You'll Get an Idea of What I'm Saying”: The Communicative Benefits of Time for Conversational Self-Repair for People With Aphasia
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Archer Brent 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:This study investigated the communicative benefits of self-repair during conversation for persons with aphasia (PWAs). Self-repair of trouble sources is an interactional priority that emphasizes autonomy and competence. Of equal importance, conversationalists desire to minimize silences and work together to ensure forward movement (progressivity) of conversation. Simultaneously achieving progressivity and self-repair is challenging in aphasia, and PWAs and their partners often make trade-off decisions between these two activities. Conversation-level aphasia interventions usually focus on supportive techniques that promote participation while maintaining progressivity, effectively favoring progressivity over self-repair. This study evaluates the benefits of an alternative approach that shifts the emphasis to self-repair, thereby highlighting potential trade-off costs of routinely forgoing self-repair to achieve progressivity.Method:Ten people with mild-to-moderate aphasia each held two conversations with two different partners. When trouble sources characterized by silent and/or filled pauses occurred, partners maintained a supportive and engaged stance, allowing PWAs time to self-repair. We analyzed language produced during these “edited turns” using three paradigms considering form, content, and use.Results:The data yielded 311 edited turns. For form, on average, each edited turn resulted in 3.72 words; for content, most edited turns contained autobiographical information; for use, approximately 40% of edited turns introduced new information, and 40% added to the ongoing topic. The remainder were either ambiguous or comments such as, “I can't think of it.”Conclusions:When given engaged support and time to self-repair, PWAs contributed meaningful personal information to conversations for approximately 80% of edited turns. Importantly, self-repair often resulted in self-expression that directed the conversation, which is a communicative role critical for empowering agency and identity. This research opens a dialogue about benefits and limitations of approaches that prioritize either progressivity or self-repair and how to balance the two to optimize therapeutic benefits for each individual.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19379738
Voice Onset Time Imitation in Teens Versus Adults
Authors: Schertz Jessamyn , Johnson Elizabeth K. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
We compare teens' and adults' imitation of sentences with shortened and lengthened voice onset time (VOT), in order to test whether purported age-based advantages in phonetic acquisition may be due to differences in imitative ability.

Method:

Teens (
M
age
= 13,
n
= 39) and adults (
n
= 31) completed an explicit imitation and discrimination task on pairs of sentences characterized by canonical and manipulated (shortened or lengthened) VOT. We assessed extent of imitation using two acoustic metrics (ΔVOT and Proximity), accuracy on the discrimination task, and correlations between imitation and perception.

Results:
Both age groups modified VOT when imitating stimuli with both lengthened and shortened VOT. Adults, however, showed significantly more lengthening than teens (i.e., higher ΔVOT), as well as VOT values that were slightly but significantly closer to the target stimulus values (i.e., lower proximity). Both age groups showed above-chance discrimination accuracy, and a significant relationship between individual perception and production performance was found for lengthened-VOT sentences.

Conclusions:

We found no evidence that teens have a greater imitative ability than adults; in fact, adults showed significantly
more
imitation based on both acoustic metrics. Both age groups showed robust imitation of VOT manipulations in both directions, in contrast to previous work showing lack of imitation for shortened VOT. Extent of imitation was predicted by individual perceptual performance, but only to a limited degree, underscoring the importance of other factors in explaining individual variation in imitative ability.
SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13
Authors: Morrison Cameron B. , Edwards Caitlin E. , Shaffer Kendall M. , Araba Kenza C. , Wykoff Jason A. , Williams Danielle R. , Asakura Takanori , Dang Hong , Morton Lisa C. , Gilmore Rodney C. , O’Neal Wanda K. , Boucher Richard C. , Baric Ralph S. , Ehre Camille 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Gaining insights into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) high transmissibility and the role played by inflammatory mediators in viral proliferation are critical to investigating new therapeutic targets against COVID-19. Electron microscopy reveals important SARS-CoV-2 features, including the combination of large, rapidly released viral clusters and the massive shedding of epithelial cells packed with virions. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a Th2 cytokine up-regulated in allergic asthma and associated with less severe COVID-19, protects against SARS-CoV-2 viral and cell shedding. Using gene expression analyses and biochemical assays, IL-13 is shown to affect viral entry, replication, and cell-to-cell transmission. Given the broad spectrum of COVID-19 clinical symptoms, it is important to elucidate intrinsic factors that modulate viral load and spreading mechanisms.
First-principles study of the (001) and (110) surfaces of CrCoIrGa Heusler alloy
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Al-Qaisi Samah , Faizan Muhammad , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A M , M M Abdelbacki Ashraf , Muhammad Iltaf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Exploring highly spin-polarized thin films of magnetic materials is of great importance for spin-based device applications. Herein, the structure, spin-polarization and magnetic properties of the (001) and (110) surfaces of CrCoIrGa Heusler alloy have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and DFT + U calculations. The results demonstrate that while bulk CrCoIrGa is highly spin-polarized (89%), the surface counterparts exhibit much lower spin-polarization (SP), being due to the emergence of surface states at Fermi level (EF). It is observed that the (001) surface geometries are kept well, whereas, the (110) surface exhibit an obvious surface reconstruction after relaxation, resulting in large surface formation energy. The electronic properties investigated at DFT level revealed that CrGa-terminated (001) surface carries 100% SP, CoIr-terminated has 63% SP, and the (110) surface retains the bulk SP. Interestingly, the SP is found to be suppressed on introducing U parameter in the calculations. All the considered surfaces display ferrimagnetic coupling, with a significant total magnetic moment. In addition, the surface layer atoms carry large SP and moments than the inner layer atoms, and thus promise a dominant role in spin-based device applications of the thin film surfaces.
Study on Co-firing Characteristics and NOx emission of Ammonia/Propane
Authors: Cheng B , Zhu Y H , Zhang F , Wang P P , Chen P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reducing the use of carbon fuel is one of the important measures to achieve zero carbon emission. As a carbon-free and high-hydrogen fuel, ammonia has promising application prospects because of its high energy density and low transportation and storage cost. Due to the characteristics of high ignition temperature, low flame propagation combustion speed and high NOx concentration in the combustion process, its wide application needs further research. In this paper, the co-combustion and the NOx emission characteristics of ammonia mixed with propane are experimental investigated for pure ammonia, 5% propane and 10% propane mixtures. The effects of ammonia/propane ratio, air excess coefficient and inlet gas oxygen concentration on combustion and NOx emission characteristics are explored. The results obtained show that the highest NOx emission is formed by 10% propane ratio case, and the lowest NOx is for pure ammonia. With the increase of propane, the concentrations of NOx, NO and NO2 increase and the concentration of oxygen decreases. With the increase of air excess coefficient from 15% to 21%, NOx, NO and NO2 also increase, and the concentration of oxygen goes up. With the increase of inlet oxygen concentration from 15% to 21%, the concentrations of NOx and NO at the exit of furnace changes less for pure ammonia, and 75% increase for 5% propane; while for 10% propane, the concentration of NO first decreases rapidly from 1498ppm to 1071ppm with O2 decreasing from 15% to 18%, then increases to about 1700ppm again when the inlet O2 concentration increases from 18% to 21%.