bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exciton-dielectric mode coupling in MoS2 nanoflakes visualized by cathodoluminescence
Authors: Vu Dung Thi , Matthaiakakis Nikolaos , Saito Hikaru , Sannomiya Takumi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), possessing unique exciton luminescence properties, have attracted significant attention for use in optical and electrical devices. TMDCs are also high refractive index materials that can strongly confine the electromagnetic field in nanoscale dimensions when patterned into nanostructures, thus resulting in complex light emission that includes exciton and dielectric resonances. Here, we use cathodoluminescence (CL) to experimentally visualize the emission modes of single molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes and to investigate luminescence enhancement due to dielectric resonances in nanoscale dimensions, by using a scanning transmission electron microscope. Specifically, we identify dielectric modes whose resonant wavelength is sensitive to the shape and size of the nanoflake, and exciton emission peaks whose energies are insensitive to the geometry of the flakes. Using a four-dimensional CL method and boundary element method simulations, we further theoretically and experimentally visualize the emission polarization and angular emission patterns, revealing the coupling of the exciton and dielectric resonant modes. Such nanoscopic observation provides a detailed understanding of the optical responses of MoS2 including modal couplings of excitons and dielectric resonances which play a crucial role in the development of energy conversion devices, single-photon emitters, and nanophotonic circuits with enhanced light-matter interactions.
Machine–learning-enabled metasurface for direction of arrival estimation
Authors: Huang Min , Zheng Bin , Cai Tong , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Jian , Qian Chao , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces, interacted with artificial intelligence, have now been motivating many contemporary research studies to revisit established fields, e.g., direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Conventional DOA estimation techniques typically necessitate bulky-sized beam-scanning equipment for signal acquisition or complicated reconstruction algorithms for data postprocessing, making them ineffective for in-situ detection. In this article, we propose a machine-learning-enabled metasurface for DOA estimation. For certain incident signals, a tunable metasurface is controlled in sequence, generating a series of field intensities at the single receiving probe. The perceived data are subsequently processed by a pretrained random forest model to access the incident angle. As an illustrative example, we experimentally demonstrate a high-accuracy intelligent DOA estimation approach for a wide range of incident angles and achieve more than 95% accuracy with an error of less than

0.5
°

$0.5{}^{\circ}$

. The reported strategy opens a feasible route for intelligent DOA detection in full space and wide band. Moreover, it will provide breakthrough inspiration for traditional applications incorporating time-saving and equipment-simplified majorization.
A study on design optimization for compressor blisks
Authors: Mogullapally Venkateshwarlu , Kumar Sanju , Rajeevalochanam Bukkapatna Ananthappa , Rao Rashmi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bladed disks are important components of gas turbine engine. Rotor disk spool drum assemblies of gas turbine engine constitute 20–25% of total engine weight. Increasing thrust-to-weight ratio and engine life is paramount for designers. Blisk reduces significantly weight of rotor, compared against conventional disks for aero engines. This paper brings out specific challenges faced while re-designing bladed disk into blisks including structural integrity aspects under various operating loads. This paper presents a case study on re-design of typical compressor bladed disk into a blisk, without changing the flow path or airfoil configuration, within space constraints. Weight reduction of rotor disk is carried out using shape optimization technique. Blisk configuration is derived from existing bladed disk general arrangement. This paper describes methodology of weight optimization of blisk using ‘HyperStudy’ tool considering static and dynamic 3D models with ANSYS solver. APDL fatigue life macro is developed for fatigue life prediction, using strain-life approach. In this paper 3D bladed disk, baseline and optimized 3D blisk modal analyses results are used to ensure minimum interferences for engine operating conditions. The developed methodology for optimization can be appreciated by significant weight reduction (30%), while meeting design criteria and increased fatigue life.
Oxytocin Facilitates Allomaternal Behavior under Stress in Laboratory Mice
Authors: Tsuneoka Yousuke , Yoshihara Chihiro , Ohnishi Ryuko , Yoshida Sachine , Miyazawa Eri , Yamada Masanobu , Horiguchi Kazuhiko , Young W. Scott , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Kato Tadafumi , Kuroda Kumi O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxytocin (Oxt) controls reproductive physiology and various kinds of social behaviors, but the exact contribution of Oxt to different components of parental care still needs to be determined. Here, we illustrate the neuroanatomical relations of the parental nurturing-induced neuronal activation with magnocellular Oxt neurons and fibers in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the brain region critical for parental and alloparental behaviors. We used genetically-targeted mouse lines forOxt,Oxt receptor(Oxtr),vasopressin receptor 1a(Avpr1a),vasopressin receptor 1b(Avpr1b), andthyrotropin-releasing hormone(Trh) to systematically examine the role of Oxt-related signaling in pup-directed behaviors. TheOxtr-Avpr1a-Avpr1btriple knock-out (TKO), andOxt-Trh-Avpr1a-Avpr1bquadruple KO (QKO) mice were grossly healthy and fertile, except for their complete deficiency in milk ejection and modest deficiency in parturition secondary to maternal loss of theOxtorOxtrgene. In our minimal stress conditions, pup-directed behaviors in TKO and QKO mothers and fathers, virgin females and males were essentially indistinguishable from those of their littermates with other genotypes. However,OxtrKO virgin females did show decreased pup retrieval in the pup-exposure assay performed right after restraint stress. This stress vulnerability in theOxtrKO was abolished by the additionalAvpr1bKO. The general stress sensitivity, as measured by plasma cortisol elevation after restraint stress or by the behavioral performance in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM), were not altered in theOxtrKO but were reduced in theAvpr1bKO females, indicating that the balance of neurohypophysial hormones affects the outcome of pup-directed behaviors.
Dendritic Morphology of an Inhibitory Retinal Interneuron Enables Simultaneous Local and Global Synaptic Integration
Authors: Hartveit Espen , Veruki Margaret Lin , Zandt Bas-Jan 
Published: January 2022

Amacrine cells, inhibitory interneurons of the retina, feature synaptic inputs and outputs in close proximity throughout their dendritic trees, making them notable exceptions to prototypical somato-dendritic integration with output transmitted via axonal action potentials. The extent of dendritic compartmentalization in amacrine cells with widely differing dendritic tree morphology, however, is largely unexplored. Combining compartmental modeling, dendritic Ca2+imaging, targeted microiontophoresis and multielectrode patch-clamp recording (voltage and current clamp, capacitance measurement of exocytosis), we investigated integration in the AII amacrine cell, a narrow-field electrically coupled interneuron that participates in multiple, distinct microcircuits. Physiological experiments were performed within vitroslices prepared from retinas of both male and female rats. We found that the morphology of the AII enables simultaneous local and global integration of inputs targeted to different dendritic regions. Local integration occurs within spatially restricted dendritic subunits and narrow time windows and is largely unaffected by the strength of electrical coupling. In contrast, global integration across the dendritic tree occurs over longer time periods and is markedly influenced by the strength of electrical coupling. These integrative properties enable AII amacrines to combine local control of synaptic plasticity with location-independent global integration. Dynamic inhibitory control of dendritic subunits is likely to be of general importance for amacrine cells, including cells with small dendritic trees, as well as for inhibitory interneurons in other regions of the CNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur understanding of synaptic integration is based on the prototypical morphology of a neuron with multiple dendrites and a single axon at opposing ends of a cell body. Many neurons, notably retinal amacrine cells, are exceptions to this arrangement, and display input and output synapses interspersed along their dendritic branches. In the large dendritic trees of some amacrine cells, such arrangements can give rise to multiple computational subunits. Other amacrine cells, with small dendritic trees, have been assumed to operate as single computational units. Here, we report the surprising result that despite a small dendritic tree, the AII amacrine cell simultaneously performs local integration of synaptic inputs (over smaller dendritic subregions) and global integration across the entire cell.
Oral estrogen leads to falsely low concentrations of estradiol in a common immunoassay
Authors: Cirrincione Lauren R , Crews Bridgit O , Dickerson Jane A , Krasowski Matthew D , Rongitsch Jessica , Imborek Katherine L , Goldstein Zil , Greene Dina N 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Recently, an estradiol immunoassay manufacturer (Beckman Coulter, USA) issued an ‘important product notice’ alerting clinical laboratories that their assay (Access Sensitive Estradiol) was not indicated for patients undergoing exogenous estradiol treatment. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate immunoassay bias relative to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in transgender women and to examine the influence of unconjugated estrone on measurements.

Design
Cross-sectional secondary analysis.

Methods
Estradiol concentrations from 89 transgender women were determined by 3 immunoassays (Access Sensitive Estradiol (‘New BC’) and Access Estradiol assays (‘Old BC’), Beckman Coulter; Estradiol III assay (‘Roche’), Roche Diagnostics) and LC-MS/MS. Bias was evaluated with and without adjustment for estrone concentrations. The number of participants who shifted between three estradiol concentration ranges for each immunoassay vs LC-MS/MS (>300 pg/mL, 70–300 pg/mL, and <70 pg/mL) was calculated.

Results
The New BC assay had the largest magnitude overall bias (median: −34%) and was −40%, −22%, and −10%, among participants receiving tablet, patch, or injection preparations, respectively. Overall bias was −12% and +17% for the Roche and Old BC assays, respectively. When measured with the New BC assay, 18 participants shifted to a lower estradiol concentration range (vs 9 and 10 participants based on Roche or Old BC assays, respectively). Adjustment for estrone did not minimize bias.

Conclusions
Immunoassay measurement of estradiol in transgender women may lead to falsely decreased concentrations that have the potential to affect management. A multidisciplinary health care approach is needed to ensure if appropriate analytical methods are available.
The value of SPECT/CT imaging of lacrimal glands as a means of assessing the activity of Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Zhao Ru-Xuan , Shi Ting-Ting , Luo Sha , Liu Yun-Fu , Xin Zhong , Yang Jin-Kui 
Published: January 2022

Background
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease with mechanical impairment of orbital muscles and lacrimal gland dysfunction. The frequently used methods of assessing GO activity include Clinical Activity Score (CAS), CT, and MRI. These approaches are mainly associated with orbital muscles; however, there are not many studies that focus on the lacrimal gland inflammation of GO patients.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of 99mTc-DTPA single-photon emission (SPE) CT/CT in evaluating the lacrimal gland inflammation in GO, as compared with other methods.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 48 patients with active GO compared with 33 controls was conducted. All subjects underwent clinical–endocrinological analyses, CAS evaluation, CT scans, and SPECT/CT examination. Lacrimal gland dimensions were determined and analyzed.

Results
The lacrimal glands in patients with GO were significantly larger in all measured dimensions (P  < 0.001) on CT scans relative to those in controls. Increased lacrimal gland diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) uptake ratios (P  < 0.001) were displayed in active GO patients compared to controls and were also correlated with thyrotropin receptor antibody levels. The cut-off value for discriminating active and inactive disease was calculated to be 1.735, with specificity of 82.6% and sensitivity of 74.2%. SPECT/CT uptake ratios and CAS values were positively correlated in all GO patients. SPECT/CT uptake ratios were also positively correlated with CT measurements including lacrimal gland volume and coronal width in GO patients.

Conclusions
These data indicated that lacrimal gland SPECT/CT images can serve as a good tool for assessing the inflammation and disease activity of GO.
Indices of the DNA repair system in the brain of fish as a biomarker of inorganic mercury burden
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Gasso V. Ya. , Novitskyi R. O. , Hasso I. A. 
Published: January 2022

Mercury is a widespread heavy metal that causes a stable and prolonged environmental pollution. Low concentrations of inorganic and organic mercury compounds are found in almost all water bodies. The high level of mercury bioaccumulation is a cause of tissue-specific toxicity, including neurotoxicity. Absorbed in nervous tissue mercury can cause brain disorders both in neural and glial cells. The brain of fish is considered one of the most susceptible targets for cytotoxicity of mercury in aquatic ecosystems. Taking into account that different forms of mercury have widespread distribution and exhibit a strong neurotoxic effect, the assessment of mercury cytotoxicity in the brain of fish is relevant and extremely important. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed to mercury chloride in the dose range of 5-20 μg/L for 60 days to study the chronic exposure of low doses. In this paper, we studied the influence of inorganic mercury on oxidative stress, DNA repair proteins – ERCC1 and PARP1 in the trout’s brain. The results obtained have shown that the chronic effect of inorganic mercury causes dose-dependent oxidative stress in the fish brain. In addition, low concentrations of mercury (10 and 20 μg/L) caused a decrease in the content of ERCC1 in the brain of fish. On the contrary, the same doses have caused an increase in PARP1 expression. That is the chronic influence of low concentrations of inorganic mercury has a negative effect in the fish brain. Observed results showed that inorganic mercury has a potential for suppressing DNA repair and, therefore, increases the instability of genome. Thus, ERCC1 and PARP1 can be considered as the sensitive biomarkers of mercury cytotoxicity in the fish brain. A further study of mercury neurotoxicity is needed to find out the hazard of mercury environmental pollution as well as a validation of biomarkers of their impact.
Amphibian diversity of the Dnipro river within the limits of the Dnipro city agglomeration
Authors: Gasso V. Y. , Yermolenko S. V. 
Published: January 2022

Amphibians play an important role in the formation of biodiversity and functioning in most terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Urbanization threatens to survive many species due to the destruction of natural ecosystems whose remains become fragmented, isolated, and modified by urbanization processes. The floodplain and coastal ecosystems along both banks of the Dnipro River within the limits of the Dnipro city agglomeration are investigated. The current diversity of amphibians in this territory is represented by six species, which is 55% of the total amount of amphibian fauna of the Dnipropetrovsk region. They are Lissotriton vulgaris, Pelophylаx ridibundus, Pelobates vespertinus, Bombina bombina, Hyla orientalis, and Bufotes viridis. The largest diversity of amphibians was found on the site near the Samara Gulf, where small urbanization and anthropogenic influence are observed. The smallest diversity of amphibians was found for the site of residential community "Pobeda", where only two species of amphibians were revealed. The assessment of the similarity of amphibian communities shows that their diversity is the most similar for ecosystems of the right bank of the Dnipro River near the residential communities "Chervony Kamin", "Pokrovsky", and "Parus" and the ecosystems on the left bank near the Samara Gulf. The most numerous and widespread species is the marsh frog P. ridibundus, which lives along the coastline of the Dnieper River. Its populations are relatively stable according to their high number and distribution. The populations of L. vulgaris, B. bombina, and H. orientalis are under the threat of declining, as evidenced by their low number and dependence on small water bodies. Therefore, the reconstruction of the coastline and any earthwork and building activity should be accompanied by the measures on the preservation of small reservoirs along the Dnieper River. The obtained results develop our knowledge about the actual state of biodiversity and species wealth abundance of the Dnieper River within the northern steppe subzone of Ukraine and may be used for planning of the environmental protection measures.
Human‐centered recommender systems: Origins, advances, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Konstan Joseph A. , Terveen Loren G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom the earliest days of the field, Recommender Systems research and practice has struggled to balance and integrate approaches that focus on recommendation as a machine learning or missing‐value problem with ones that focus on machine learning as a discovery tool and perhaps persuasion platform. In this article, we review 25 years of recommender systems research from a human‐centered perspective, looking at the interface and algorithm studies that advanced our understanding of how system designs can be tailored to users objectives and needs. At the same time, we show how external factors, including commercialization and technology developments, have shaped research on human‐centered recommender systems. We show how several unifying frameworks have helped developers and researchers alike incorporate thinking about user experience and human decision‐making into their designs. We then review the challenges, and the opportunities, in today's recommenders, looking at how deep learning and optimization techniques can integrate with both interface designs and human performance statistics to improve recommender effectiveness and usefulness
Using Machine Learning to Identify Metabolomic Signatures of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Etiology
Authors: Lee Arthur M. , Hu Jian , Xu Yunwen , Abraham Alison G. , Xiao Rui , Coresh Josef , Rebholz Casey , Chen Jingsha , Rhee Eugene P. , Feldman Harold I. , Ramachandran Vasan S. , Kimmel Paul L. , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan L. , Denburg Michelle R. ,   for the CKD Biomarkers Consortium
Published: January 2022

Significance Statement
Machine learning used with biostatistics identified metabolomic signatures in the plasma of pediatric patients with CKD, providing clues to cause. Dysmetabolism in the sphingomyelin-ceramide axis is associated with both FSGS and the aplasia/dysplasia/hypoplasia spectrum. Pediatric FSGS is associated with elevated plasmalogen levels, in contrast to reports of associations with plasmalogen deficiencies. Our strategy also revealed associations of obstructive uropathy with gut-derived histidines and of reflux nephropathy with indole-tryptophans.

Background
Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling combined with machine learning (ML) may lead to discovery of metabolic profiles that inform our understanding of pediatric CKD causes. We sought to identify metabolomic signatures in pediatric CKD based on diagnosis: FSGS, obstructive uropathy (OU), aplasia/dysplasia/hypoplasia (A/D/H), and reflux nephropathy (RN).

Methods
Untargeted metabolomic quantification (GC-MS/LC-MS, Metabolon) was performed on plasma from 702 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study participants (n: FSGS=63, OU=122, A/D/H=109, and RN=86). Lasso regression was used for feature selection, adjusting for clinical covariates. Four methods were then applied to stratify significance: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. ML training was performed on 80% total cohort subsets and validated on 20% holdout subsets. Important features were selected based on being significant in at least two of the four modeling approaches. We additionally performed pathway enrichment analysis to identify metabolic subpathways associated with CKD cause.

Results
ML models were evaluated on holdout subsets with receiver-operator and precision-recall area-under-the-curve, F1 score, and Matthews correlation coefficient. ML models outperformed no-skill prediction. Metabolomic profiles were identified based on cause. FSGS was associated with the sphingomyelin-ceramide axis. FSGS was also associated with individual plasmalogen metabolites and the subpathway. OU was associated with gut microbiome–derived histidine metabolites.

Conclusion
ML models identified metabolomic signatures based on CKD cause. Using ML techniques in conjunction with traditional biostatistics, we demonstrated that sphingomyelin-ceramide and plasmalogen dysmetabolism are associated with FSGS and that gut microbiome–derived histidine metabolites are associated with OU.
El contrapunto en el álbum ilustrado infantil. Un análisis multimodal para su implementación en la asignatura Ilustración Infantil del Máster de Dibujo (Universidad de Granada)
Authors: Hidalgo Rodríguez Mª Carmen 
Published: January 2022

El álbum ilustrado infantil es una de las publicaciones para niños con mayor grado de experimentación literaria-plástica. La clave de estos libros radica en la relación entre la imagen y el texto, donde ambos medios colaboran entre sí para contar una historia común. Esta investigación se centra en los álbumes donde la relación multimodal es fundamentalmente de contrapunto, es decir, la imagen y el texto cuentan historias distintas, que incluso pueden llegar a contradecirse.
El objetivo de esta aportación es doble: en primer lugar, se profundiza en los recursos de interacción verbal-icónica que dan lugar al contrapunto en el álbum ilustrado; y, a posteriori, se diseña una actividad didáctica enfocada en la descodificación textual y visual de los álbumes analizados, con el objeto de implementarla como parte de la programación docente del Máster de Dibujo. El método empleado se basa en un estudio cualitativo de cinco álbumes contemporáneos publicados en español, tomando como punto de partida las categorías de contrapunto de Nikolajeva y Scott, y las clasificaciones de recursos metaficcionales descritos por Lewis y Zabala. Los resultados del análisis sirven de base para el diseño de la actividad, donde los estudiantes trabajarán los conceptos explicados previamente en el aula.
El análisis revela un claro predominio de los recursos denominados “estilo”, “punto de vista” y “género” para crear el contrapunto fundamental en el álbum. La actividad didáctica muestra las dificultades de identificación del contrapunto en los álbumes no contradictorios. De esta manera, para mejorar la eficacia de la actividad, se proponen algunos ajustes, como son la ampliación del número de álbumes para reducir los grupos de trabajo, y la incorporación de álbumes de complemento para facilitar la comprensión de los conceptos por comparación.