bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude of health extension workers regarding mental health problems in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaye Yonas , Birhanu Zewdie , Agenagnew Liyew , Anand Susan , Yitbarek Kiddus , Ahmed Gutema , Getnet Masrie , Tucho Gudina Terefe 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveHealth extension workers’ (HEWs’) knowledge and attitude regarding mental health problems are vital for integrating mental healthcare into primary healthcare services. However, information in this context is scarce in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to assess HEWs' knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems in Jimma, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive districts in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2020.ParticipantsA total of 259 HEWs working in selected five districts were included in the study.OutcomeThe knowledge and attitude status of HEWs towards mental health problems.ResultsNearly half of the respondents had inadequate knowledge (122,47.1%) and an unfavourable attitude (125, 48.3%). Most (139, 53.7%) described mental illness as due to evil spirits’ possession. Almost all (240, 92.7%) of the respondents reported talking or laughing alone as a manifestation of mental illness. Almost two-thirds (157, 60.6%) of the respondents reported people with mental illness are dangerous. About a quarter (63, 24.3%) of the participants stated witch doctors should manage mental illnesses.ConclusionsA significant proportion of the study respondents had poor knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems. Short-term and long-term mental health training is needed to improve their perception level and to provide effective community mental health services.
Assessment of COVID-19-related awareness, knowledge, prevention practices and challenges faced by truck drivers in major transport cities of India: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sood Ishaana , Chinnakaran Anand , Majumdar Atanu , Sabherwal Shalinder 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess COVID-19-related awareness and knowledge among truck drivers across India and report prevention practices followed, and challenges faced, by them during the COVID-19 lockdown.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingDelhi, Kanpur, Kolkata and Bangalore from July to September 2020.ParticipantsData were collected in Hindi using a structured questionnaire via telephonic interviews. Minimum 200 drivers were included from each location.Outcome measuresSociodemographic profile, awareness regarding COVID-19, knowledge regarding infection sources, disease spread and vulnerable populations, prevention practices followed and challenges faced. Information sources were also assessed.ResultsFisher’s exact test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to check for significant differences across proportions. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Overall, 1246 drivers were included, with 72% response rate. Of 1246 drivers, 65% were 30–50 years of age. A majority correctly answered knowledge questions regarding communicability (95%) and fatality (66%). Fifty per cent drivers were aware of treatability of the disease, while only 43% and 24% correctly reported all signs and symptoms and routes of transmission, respectively. No driver was aware of all high-risk populations. Overall Knowledge Score is significantly associated with region. Mobile phones were the primary source of information across all regions. Over two-third drivers follow all prevention practices regularly, which differed significantly across regions. Following standard prevention practices was positively correlated with higher knowledge scores and was significantly correlated with mask use. Worry about the disease was common. Less than 40% drivers received full payment for work during this period, while 25% drivers were unable to return home due to the pandemic. Seven per cent and 26% drivers had either limited or no access to food and health services, respectively.ConclusionsAwareness activities and employer provisioned social security/health insurance might safeguard this vulnerable population till the pandemic fully abates as well as in similar situations in the future.
PERFECTED enhanced recovery pathway (PERFECT-ER) versus standard acute hospital care for people after hip fracture surgery who have cognitive impairment: a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cross Jane L , Hammond Simon P , Shepstone Lee , Poland Fiona , Henderson Catherine , Backhouse Tamara , Penhale Bridget , Donell Simon , Knapp Martin , Lewins Douglas , MacLullich Alasdair , Patel Martyn , Sahota Opinder , Smith Toby O , Waring Justin , Howard Robert , Ballard Clive , Fox Chris 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAssess feasibility of a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) to measure clinical and cost-effectiveness of an enhanced recovery pathway for people with hip fracture and cognitive impairment (CI).DesignFeasibility trial undertaken between 2016 and 2018.SettingEleven acute hospitals from three UK regions.Participants284 participants (208 female:69 male). Inclusion criteria: aged >60 years, confirmed proximal hip fracture requiring surgical fixation and CI; preoperative AMTS ≤8 in England or a 4AT score ≥1 in Scotland; minimum of 5 days on study ward; a ‘suitable informant’ able to provide proxy measures, recruited within 7 days of hip fracture surgery. Exclusion criteria: no hip surgery; not expected to survive beyond 4 weeks; already enrolled in a clinical trial.InterventionPERFECT-ER, an enhanced recovery pathway with 15 quality targets supported by a checklist and manual, a service improvement lead a process lead and implemented using a plan–do–study–act model.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFeasibility outcomes: recruitment and attrition, intervention acceptability, completion of participant reported outcome measures, preliminary estimates of potential effectiveness using mortality, EQ-5D-5L, economic and clinical outcome scores.Results282 participants were consented and recruited (132, intervention) from a target of 400. Mean recruitment rates were the same in intervention and control sites, (range: 1.2 and 2.7 participants/month). Retention was 230 (86%) at 1 month and 54%(144) at 6 months. At 3 months a relatively small effect (one quarter of an SD) was observed on health-related quality of life of the patient measured with EQ-5D-5L proxy in the intervention group.ConclusionThis trial design was feasible with modifications to recruitment. Mechanisms for delivering consistency in the PERFECT-ER intervention and participant retention need to be addressed. However, an RCT may be a suboptimal research design to evaluate this intervention due to the complexity of caring for people with CI after hip fracture.Trial registration numberISRCTN99336264.
Health professionals’ perspectives of patients’ and family members’ needs in emergency departments and patient pathway improvement: a qualitative study in Denmark
Authors: Østervang Christina , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Øelund Katrine , Coyne Elisabeth , Dieperink Karin Brochstedt , Jensen Charlotte Myhre 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveBesides working in a fast-paced environment, healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the emergency department (ED) are required to promptly respond to patients’ needs and simultaneously achieve their organisational goals, which can be challenging. This study investigates how HCPs perceive and support the needs of patients discharged after a brief ED stay, as well as their family members.DesignThe study used focus group discussions. The text material was analysed using systematic text condensation.SettingData were collected from two large EDs in Denmark.ParticipantsSixteen HCPs were sampled purposively to participate in three focus group discussions.ResultsThree main themes were condensed: (1) creating a trustful and reassuring relationship; (2) responding to family members: a bother or a benefit; and (3) working as an interdisciplinary team. The study indicated the need for increased interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce discrepancies in information dissemination, to meet patient and family needs and to deliver a holistic approach. A technical solution was suggested to facilitate collaborative teamwork.ConclusionThe study highlighted an existing gap between emergency HCPs’ perceptions of patients’ and family members’ needs and the provision of the current patient and family support. Suggestions for future interventions include focusing on interdisciplinary teamwork, facilitated by a technical solution to support a person-centred and family-centred informative approach.
Can an online educational video broaden young women’s contraceptive choice? Outcomes of the PREFER pre-post intervention study
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Buckingham Pip , McCarthy Edwina , Enticott Joanne 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionContraceptive knowledge mediates access and use. We aimed to assess whether an online educational video describing all methods and their benefits, side effects and mode of action increased young women’s contraceptive knowledge and their long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) preference and uptake.MethodWe used Facebook advertising to recruit young women aged 16–25 years. Participants completed the pre-video survey (S1), watched the 11-min video, then completed surveys immediately after (S2) and 6 months later (S3). Outcomes were analysed using McNemar tests and multivariate logistic regression (generalised estimating equations).ResultsA total of 322 participants watched the video, completed S1 and S2, and 88% of those completed S3. At S1 only 6% rated their knowledge about every method as high. Knowledge improved at S2 for all methods (OR 10.0, 95% CI 5.9 to 17.1) and LARC (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.1 to 5.7). LARC preference increased at S2 (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.1) and S3 (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.7), as did LARC uptake at S3 (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.5). LARC uptake was driven by a 4.3% (n=12) absolute increase in intrauterine device (IUD) use, but there was no change in contraceptive implant use (p=0.8). The use of non-prescription methods such as condoms and withdrawal did not change (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.11).ConclusionsMany young women in Australia do not feel well informed about their contraceptive options. The contraceptive education video, delivered via social media, increased their self-reported contraceptive knowledge and IUD preference immediately after viewing, and their IUD uptake 6 months later. Focus should be given to how young women navigate contraceptive access after internet-based education, and strategies to increase access to preferred methods.
A new synthesis of (Z,Z)-11,11-dimethoxy-6,9-heneicosadiene and 2-((Z,Z)-1,4-decadienyl)-2-ndecyl-1,3-dioxolane, precursors of (Z,Z)-6,9-heneicosadien-11-one, a pheromone component of the whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Mayo Peter Donald , Abeysekera Sumudu Deepa , Silk Peter J. , MaGee David I. 
Published: February 2022

The straightforward synthesis of two long-chain diene ketals, (Z,Z)-11,11-dimethoxy-6,9-heneicosadiene and 2-ndecyl-2-((Z,Z)-1,4-decadienyl)-1,3-dioxolane, is described. These two ketals are synthetic propheromones, or pheromone precursors, of the whitemarked tussock moth (WMTM, Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)), whose unstable female-produced sex pheromone component, (Z,Z)-6,9-heneicosadien-11-one, lasts only 1–2 days in traps in the field. The two propheromones were synthesized by terminal alkyne/propargylic bromide couplings, facilitated by cesium carbonate, which assembled the 21-carbon chains with skipped diynes. Semi-reduction of the diynes gave the requisite dienes. These two diene ketals were then formulated into lures, which converted them in situ into the attractive (Z,Z)-6,9-heneicosadien-11-one. The performance of these lures is briefly described.
The Predictive Role of Parathyroid Hormone for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Nematy Mohsen , Abdalla Mohammed , Jangjoo Ali , Goshayeshi Ladan , Kroh Matthew , Moallem Seyed Adel , Abbasifard Mitra , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2022

Background. Morbid obesity is frequently complicated by chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is found to be elevated in morbid obesity due to the defective hepatic metabolism of vitamin D. Bariatric surgery is performed to help patients with BMI>40 kg/m2 to effectively lose weight, particularly in patients with obesity who are afflicted with complications such as NAFLD/NASH. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the PTH level as a predictor of hepatic function in individuals with morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. Methods. Ninety subjects with morbid obesity referred for Roux en-Y gastric bypass surgery were recruited. After IRB approval, demographic profiles, anthropometric factors, liver biopsy, and laboratory tests were obtained. The two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) technique was applied to assess hepatic stiffness. Results. A significant reduction occurred six months after bariatric surgery in the anthropometric indices

p
<
0.001

, hepatic elasticity

p
=
0.002

, alanine aminotransferase

p
<
0.001

, serum alkaline phosphatase

p
<
0.001

, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

p
<
0.001

, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS)

p
<
0.001

. Serum PTH concentration was not predictive of postsurgical liver fibrosis and steatosis at six months but could predict weight loss success rate. No significant alteration in serum PTH levels was observed between presurgical vs. postsurgical time points. Conclusion. A significant reduction was observed in the anthropometric parameters, liver enzymes, and hepatic elasticity after bariatric surgery. No significant effect was found on PTH levels.
Use of NeuroXL Classofier to predict postoperative complications in patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernia in morbid obesity
Authors: Piatnochka V. I. , Dovha I. I. 
Published: February 2022

The aim of the work: based on the use of the program of multiparametric neural network clustering to analyze the results of examination and surgical treatment of patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernia in morbid obesity to identify a group of patients with high risk of complications in the postoperative period.
Materials and Methods. A comprehensive clinical-instrumental and laboratory examination of 237 patients with primary ventral and postoperative ventral hernia with concomitant morbid obesity with subsequent assessment of the nature of complications in the early and late postoperative periods was conducted. Patients were examined according to standards with this nosology, including general clinical, detailed study of all organs and systems of the body and local status (location, size, length of hernial protrusion) according to the EHS classification (2009). In the postoperative period, early (prolonged lymphorrhea, seroma, hematoma, infiltrate, marginal necrosis of the skin, suppuration) and late (mesh migration, meshomas, intestinal and ligature fistulas, mesh rejection, chronic pain, hernia recurrence) local and general (abdominal compartment syndrome, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, myocardial infarction) complications. Clustering of subjects by groups using the add-on NeuroXL Classifier for Microsoft Excel was conducted for more in-depth analysis and in order to predict the complications in the postoperative period
Results and Discussion. Analysis of cluster pictures during neural clustering based on clinical and anamnestic data and types of surgical interventions revealed that in predicting the risk of complications in the postoperative period based on combined changes, the combination of sex, obesity II-III and respiratory failure when own tissue hernioplasty and Onlay in patients were the most important. It should also be noted that the identified pattern primarily relates to the development of complications such as acute cerebrovascular accident, seroma and marginal necrosis of the postoperative wound. The lowest complication rate was observed in obese patients during laparoscopic hernioplasty and eMILOS (mini/less open sublay).
Клінічний “портрет” хворого з гострим коронарним синдромом у поєднанні з критичною ішемією нижніх кінцівок як критерій прогнозування та вибору тактики лікування
Authors: Добрянський Т. О. , Швед М. І. , Венгер І. К. 
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: визначити вплив атеростенотичного ураження клубово-стегнового артеріального сегмента на тяжкість клінічного перебігу, вираження змін лабораторно-інструментальних параметрів та прогноз у хворих на ГКС (ІМ) з елевацією сегмента ST.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 105 хворих на ГКС (ІМ) з елевацією сегмента ST в поєднанні з критичною ішемією нижніх кінцівок (КІНК) внаслідок стенотичного атеросклерозу клубово-стегнового артеріального сегмента (ІІІ–ІV ст. ХАІ) та 38 хворих на ГКС (ІМ) з елевацією сегмента ST без КІНК (група порівняння). Окрім загальноклінічних, лабораторних та інструментальних методів, додатково проводили ЕКГ, УЗД аорто-клубового та стегнового артеріальних сегментів, трансторакальну ЕхоКГ та КАГ для оцінки тяжкості анатомічного ураження ВА. Ризик внутрішньогоспітальної летальності прогнозували за шкалою GRACE.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. На ГКС (ІМ) у поєднанні з КІНК суттєво частіше (у 73 % випадків) хворіють чоловіки середнього і похилого віку (понад 55 років), які за гендерним цензом переважають над хворими жінками (10,7:1). Для них характерна наявність коморбідних станів (АГ, некомпенсованого ЦД 2 типу, МС, ХОЗЛ та таких факторів ризику ІХС, як дисліпідемія, куріння, вживання надмірних доз алкоголю та обтяжена спадковість).
Характерними рисами клінічного “портрету” хворого на ГКС (ІМ) з КІНК є тяжкий загальний стан хворого, який зумовлений наявністю комбінованого багатосудинного ураження вінцевих артерій (в 4,78 раза частіше, ніж при ізольованому ГКС) та більшим обʼємом міокардіального некрозу, ознаки гіпертрофії та ремоделювання з суттєвим зниженням систолічної (ФВ менше 50 %) та діастолічної функцій. Часта наявність життєво загрозливих ускладнень гострого періоду ІМ (порушень ритму і провідності та гострої серцевої недостатності визначали прогнозування високого ризику смертності за шкалою GRACE (172,7±12,7 бала)).
Аналіз лікування ускладнених дивертикулів дистальних відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту
Authors: Шапринський В. О. , Шапринський Є. В. , Верба А. В. , Коробко В. А. , Білощицький В. Ф. , Стукан С. С. , Міхурінський Д. В. 
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: проаналізувати досвід лікування хворих з ускладненими дивертикулами товстої кишки, в тому числі з використанням лапароскопії і ендоскопічної техніки для удосконалення та вибору належної діагностично-лікувальної тактики при даній патології.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз результатів лікування 121 хворого за період з 2008 до 2021 р. госпіталізованих ургентно при ускладненнях дивертикулярної хвороби, які виникли: товстокишкова кровотеча – у 60 хворих, дивертикуліт – у 9, перфорація дивертикула – у 19, дивертикулярний інфільтрат – у 18, а у 15 хворих було поєднання: дивертикуліт та дивертикулярний абсцес – у 6, дивертикуліт та перитоніт – у 4, дивертикуліт із динамічною кишковою непрохідністю – у 5. Хворим застосовували стандартний діагностично-лікувальний алгоритм.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. В групі хворих із клінікою товстокишкової кровотечі (60) при неефективності гемо­статичної терапії у 7 пацієнтів в ургентному порядку було виконано резекцію ураженого сегмента товстої кишки з кровоточивими дивертикулами в об’ємі лівобічної геміколектомії (6) та резекції сигмоподібної кишки (1) з формуванням анастомозу “кінець в кінець”. У групі хворих із запальними ускладненнями дивертикулярної хвороби неперфоративного генезу (42) розпочинали консерватине загальне та місцеве лікування. Прооперовано 6 хворих, у яких спостерігали прогресування інфільтрату та абсцедування: резекція сегмента товстої кишки з дивертикулярним абсцесом із виведенням кінцевої стоми. В групі з перфоративним дивертикулітом (19) всі хворі були в ургентному порядку прооперовані. Післяопераційної летальності не спостерігали. У хворих, яким застосовували лапароскопічні методи діагностики та лікування, післяопераційних ускладнень з боку післяопераційної рани не спостерігали.
Таким чином, найпоширенішими ускладненнями дивертикулярної хвороби є запальні ускладнення та кровотеча, лікування яких переважно консервативне. Лікувальна тактика при запальних ускладненнях дивертикулів диференційована: спочатку консервативна з місцевою протизапальною терапією, а при ускладненні перфорацією – хірургічна з можливим застосуванням малоінвазивних лапароскопічних методів лікування.
Reinvestigation of the Psychological Mechanisms of Construction Experience on Hazard Recognition Performance
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshan , Liao Pin-Chao , Xu Qingwen 
Published: February 2022

Objective The study aimed to reinvestigate psychological mechanisms of the influence of construction workers’ experience on hazard recognition performance, with signal detection theory (SDT) and electroencephalogram (EEG) readings. Background Existing evidence regarding the effect of experience on hazard recognition performance in the construction industry remains inconsistent. Behavior-wise, identification of dominant hazard recognition factors (sensitivity or response bias, or both) would help determine appropriate training strategies to improve hazard recognition. In terms of neuro-responses, induced gamma-band activity was expected to reflect the cognitive functions mediating the psychological effects of experience. Method Seventy-seven construction workers participated in a predesigned hazard recognition task, in which participants judged whether a hazard was present from a series of construction scenario pictures. We computed and compared the sensitivity and response bias of SDT and time-frequency representations of recorded EEG signals of the two experience-level groups. Results Novice workers had higher hazard recognition rates. Behavior-wise, novices were more sensitive than more experienced workers. Compared with experienced workers, novices showed stronger gamma-band difference power (hazardous minus safe) in the left frontal and right posterior parietal areas during the hazard recognition process. Conclusion Novices performed better at hazard recognition, indicating their sensitivity to the hazards without a clear difference in response bias. Based on the EEG data, novices’ sensitivity may be attributed to more efficient working memory and attentional control. Application There is a need for continuous refreshment of hazard recognition skills for experienced workers for safety interventions.