bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At‐a‐station hydraulic geometry for reaches with bridge collapse events
Authors: Ashraf Fahmidah U. , Spaunhorst Megan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study explores the at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AHG) for reaches with bridge collapse events. Eighteen reaches in Eastern United States, thirteen reaches in Appalachian Highland, and five reaches in Coastal Plain are examined. The methodology applied for retrieving AHG uses LiDAR (Light detection and ranging) data, and the study results are checked for both hydraulic and geomorphic consistency. The resulting data set is composed of five to thirty‐five measurements of water surface width, mean depth, and mean velocity at each of the 181 cross‐sections. The exponents of the AHG relationships vary considerably. Nonetheless, for most of the cross‐sections, width responds more rapidly to changing discharge, and velocity exponents are less than the width and depth exponents combined. Wide shallow channels with highly erodible beds and/or banks, the ability to transport large bed materials, and the ability to attain a super‐critical condition—are the common profile extracted for most of the cross‐sections across all sites. A definitive AHG configuration is found for the sites with the least human interference. Comparatively low variation of bank‐full geometry is also found for the sites with the least human interference. The prevalence of low flows and/or lower return periods of heavy‐tail flows are also exhibited for most of the sites. The study results suggest that the stream channel instability can be reasonably understood and predicted from AHG particularly if human interference is limited within the watershed. These findings have implications not only for the study of the risk of bridge collapse and bridge design but also to characterize instability in a more rigorous and practical way.
The Effect of Breast Size on Spinal Posture
Authors: Michalik Roman , Kühlmann Britta , Wild Michael , Siebers Hannah Lena , Migliorini Filippo , Eschweiler Jörg , Betsch Marcel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMacromastia can cause various clinical symptoms, such as low back and shoulder pain as well as sacro-iliac disorders. Because of these symptoms, some women consider breast reduction surgery. So far there does not exist a clear correlation between breast size and back pain. Purpose of this study was to evaluate if increasing breast size has a measurable effect on women’s posture using radiation free surface topography.A total of 100 women were grouped according to their breast cup size into four groups (Cup Size: A, B, C, D). All female subjects were measured with a surface topography system, and their spinal posture and pelvic position were analysed accordingly.Our results showed that cup size affects kyphotic angle (p = 0.027) and surface rotation (p = 0.039) significantly. Kyphotic angle increased with cup size. Multiple linear regression analysis, however, revealed that the body mass index has the greatest influence on woman’s posture, showing significant correlation to kyphotic and lordotic angle (p < 0.01), as to trunk (p < 0.01) and pelvic inclination (p = 0.02).This is the first study that evaluates the influence of increasing breast size on posture using surface topography. The results match with previous studies using different measuring techniques. However, the great influence of BMI on posture is also confirmed. Therefore, in clinical practice these factors should be taken into account and be approached. Surface topography seems to be a promising tool to further investigate the influence of breast size on posture.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Timing of Elective Cholecystectomy After Acute Cholecystitis: A Population‐based Register Study
Authors: Popowicz Agnieszka , Enochsson Lars , Sandblom Gabriel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholecystectomy is standard treatment for acute cholecystitis. However, many patients are still treated conservatively and undergo delayed elective surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal time to perform an elective cholecystectomy after acute cholecystitis.MethodsAll patients treated for acute cholecystitis in Sweden between 2006 and 2013 were identified through the Swedish Patient Register. This cohort was cross‐linked with the Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery, GallRiks, where information on surgical outcome was retrieved. The impact of the time interval after discharge from hospital to elective surgery was analysed by multivariate logistic regression adjusting for gender and age.ResultsAfter exclusion of patients not subjected to surgery, not registered in GallRiks and patients treated with acute cholecystectomy, 8532 remained. This cohort was divided into six‐time categories. Using the first time interval < 11 days from discharge to elective surgery as the reference category the chance of completing surgery with a minimally invasive technique was increased for all categories (p < 0.05). The risk for perioperative complication and cystic duct leakage was reduced if surgery was undertaken > 30 days after discharge (both p < 0.05). The risk for bile duct injury was significantly increased if the procedure was undertaken > 365 days after discharge (p = 0.030). The chance of completing the procedure within 100 min was not affected by time.ConclusionFor patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy after acute cholecystitis, the safety of the procedure increases if surgery is performed more than 30 days after discharge from the primary admission.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties of nano-silver-doped flax fibers
Authors: Akl Magda A. , Hashem Mohammed A. , Mostafa Aya G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the nano-silver-doped flax fibers (NAgDFF) are prepared in two steps. In the first step, oxidation of the flax fibers is performed by potassium periodate to form dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and the second step is the reduction of silver ions by DAC. A series of characterization techniques of the photocatalyst NAgDFF was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherm, thermogravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The dye degradation potential of NAgDFF for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and brilliant green (BG) (individually or mixture) was investigated using batch and column tests. The degradation efficiency was studied under optimized conditions such as pH (5.0), dye initial concentrations (100 ppm for MB and BG, and 150 ppm for CV), contact time (3.0 h), photocatalyst NAgDFF dose (0.08 g) and temperature (25° C). The maximum degradation efficiency of NAgDFF for MB, CV and BG is 64.75, 94.98 and 63.87 (mg/g), respectively. The kinetic studies show that the experimental data match well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed according to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption processes of cationic dyes on the NAgDFF fibers were also calculated; the negative value of ΔG° indicated the spontaneous nature of sorption. NAgDFF fibers were successfully applied for photodegradation of the investigated cationic dyes from different samples. The study was extended to investigate the biological activity of newly synthesized NAgDFF against various microorganisms.
Molecular imaging of the brain–heart axis provides insights into cardiac dysfunction after cerebral ischemia
Authors: Hermanns Nele , Wroblewski Viola , Bascuñana Pablo , Wolf Bettina , Polyak Andras , Ross Tobias L. , Bengel Frank M. , Thackeray James T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke imparts elevated risk of heart failure though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly described. We aimed to characterize the influence of cerebral ischemic injury on cardiac function using multimodality molecular imaging to investigate brain and cardiac morphology and tissue inflammation in two mouse models of variable stroke severity. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) generated extensive stroke damage (56.31 ± 40.39 mm3). Positron emission tomography imaging of inflammation targeting the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) revealed localized neuroinflammation at 7 days after stroke compared to sham (3.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.6 ± 0.7 %ID/g max, p < 0.001). By contrast, parenchyma topical application of vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 did not generate significant stroke damage or neuroinflammatory cell activity. MCAo evoked a modest reduction in left ventricle ejection fraction at both 1 weeks and 3 weeks after stroke (LVEF at 3 weeks: 54.3 ± 5.7 vs 66.1 ± 3.5%, p < 0.001). This contractile impairment was paralleled by elevated cardiac TSPO PET signal compared to sham (8.6 ± 2.4 vs 5.8 ± 0.7%ID/g, p = 0.022), but was independent of leukocyte infiltration defined by flow cytometry. Stroke size correlated with severity of cardiac dysfunction (r = 0.590, p = 0.008). Statistical parametric mapping identified a direct association between neuroinflammation at 7 days in a cluster of voxels including the insular cortex and reduced ejection fraction (ρ = − 0.396, p = 0.027). Suppression of microglia led to lower TSPO signal at 7 days which correlated with spared late cardiac function after MCAo (r = − 0.759, p = 0.029). Regional neuroinflammation early after cerebral ischemia influences subsequent cardiac dysfunction. Total body TSPO PET enables monitoring of neuroinflammation, providing insights into brain–heart inter-organ communication and may guide therapeutic intervention to spare cardiac function post-stroke.
Inhibition of late sodium current via PI3K/Akt signaling prevents cellular remodeling in tachypacing-induced HL-1 atrial myocytes
Authors: Ko Tae Hee , Jeong Daun , Yu Byeongil , Song Ji Eun , Le Qui Anh , Woo Sun-Hee , Choi Jong-Il 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn aberrant late sodium current (INa,Late) caused by a mutation in the cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5) has emerged as a contributor to electrical remodeling that causes susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). Although downregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling is associated with AF, the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative regulation of INa,Late in AF remain unclear, and potential therapeutic approaches are needed. In this work, we constructed a tachypacing-induced cellular model of AF by exposing HL-1 myocytes to rapid electrical stimulation (1.5 V/cm, 4 ms, 10 Hz) for 6 h. Then, we gathered data using confocal Ca2+ imaging, immunofluorescence, patch-clamp recordings, and immunoblots. The tachypacing cells displayed irregular Ca2+ release, delayed afterdepolarization, prolonged action potential duration, and reduced PI3K/Akt signaling compared with controls. Those detrimental effects were related to increased INa,Late and were significantly mediated by treatment with the INa,Late blocker ranolazine. Furthermore, decreased PI3K/Akt signaling via PI3K inhibition increased INa,Late and subsequent aberrant myocyte excitability, which were abolished by INa,Late inhibition, suggesting that PI3K/Akt signaling is responsible for regulating pathogenic INa,Late. These results indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling is critical for regulating INa,Late and electrical remodeling, supporting the use of PI3K/Akt-mediated INa,Late as a therapeutic target for AF.
Vesico-ureteric reflux in children and young people undergoing kidney transplantation
Authors: Hewitt Ian K. , Montini Giovanni , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) into transplanted kidneys in children and young people is a common occurrence, found in 19 to 60% of those who had an anti-reflux procedure and up to 79% in the absence of such a procedure. While VUR is unlikely to be of concern without evidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections, less certainty exists regarding outcomes when the VUR is associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) and transplant pyelonephritis. Issues explored will include additional risk factors that might predispose to UTI, any effect of pyelonephritis on acute and long-term kidney allograft function and practical strategies that may reduce the prevalence of infection.
Three Decades of Changing Nutrient Stoichiometry from Source to Sea on the Swedish West Coast
Authors: Peacock Mike , Futter Martyn N. , Jutterström Sara , Kothawala Dolly N. , Moldan Filip , Stadmark Johanna , Evans Chris D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEuropean ecosystems have been subject to extensive shifts in anthropogenic disturbance, primarily through atmospheric deposition, climate change, and land management. These changes have altered the macronutrient composition of aquatic systems, with widespread increases in organic carbon (C), and declines in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Less well known is how these disturbances have affected nutrient stoichiometry, which may be a more useful metric to evaluate the health of aquatic ecosystems than individual nutrient concentrations. The Swedish west coast has historically experienced moderate to high levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfate and N, and eutrophication. In addition, coastal waters have been darkening with damaging effects on marine flora and fauna. Here, we present three decades of macronutrient data from twenty lakes and watercourses along the Swedish west coast, extending from headwaters to river mouths, across a range of land covers, and with catchments ranging 0.037–40,000 km2. We find a high degree of consistency between these diverse sites, with widespread increasing trends in organic C, and declines in inorganic N and total P. These trends in individual macronutrients translate into large stoichiometric changes, with a doubling in C:P, and increases in C:N and N:P by 50% and 30%, showing that freshwaters are moving further away from the Redfield Ratio, and becoming even more C rich, and depleted in N and P. Although recovery from atmospheric deposition is linked to some of these changes, land cover also appears to have an effect; lakes buffer against C increases, and decreases in inorganic N have been greatest under arable land cover. Our analysis also detects coherently declining P concentrations in small forest lakes; so called (and unexplained) “oligotrophication.” Taken together, our findings show that freshwater macronutrient concentrations and stoichiometry have undergone substantial shifts during the last three decades, and these shifts can potentially explain some of the detrimental changes that adjacent coastal ecosystems are undergoing. Our findings are relevant for all European and North American waters that have experienced historically high levels of atmospheric deposition, and provide a starting point for understanding and mitigating against the trajectories of long-term change in aquatic systems.
Estimating the causal effect of timing on the reach of social media posts
Authors: Valkonen Lauri , Helske Jouni , Karvanen Juha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern companies regularly use social media to communicate with their customers. In addition to the content, the reach of a social media post may depend on the season, the day of the week, and the time of the day. We consider optimizing the timing of Facebook posts by a large Finnish consumers’ cooperative using historical data on previous posts and their reach. The content and the timing of the posts reflect the marketing strategy of the cooperative. These choices affect the reach of a post via a dynamic process where the reactions of users make the post more visible to others. We describe the causal relations of the social media publishing in the form of a directed acyclic graph, use an identification algorithm to obtain a formula for the causal effect, and finally estimate the required conditional probabilities with Bayesian generalized additive models. As a result, we obtain estimates for the expected reach of a post for alternative timings.
Fidelity of 3D Printed Brains from MRI Scan in Children with Pathology (Prior Hypoxic Ischemic Injury)
Authors: Chacko Anith , Rungsiprakarn Phassawan , Erlic Ivan , Thai Ngoc Jade , Andronikou Savvas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cortical injury on the surface of the brain in children with hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) can be difficult to demonstrate to non-radiologists and lay people using brain images alone. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is helpful to communicate the volume loss and pathology due to HII in children’s brains. 3D printed models represent the brain to scale and can be held up against models of normal brains for appreciation of volume loss. If 3D printed brains are to be used for formal communication, e.g., with medical colleagues or in court, they should have high fidelity of reproduction of the actual size of patients’ brains. Here, we evaluate the size fidelity of 3D printed models from MRI scans of the brain, in children with prior HII. Twelve 3D prints of the brain were created from MRI scans of children with HII and selected to represent a variety of cortical pathologies. Specific predetermined measures of the 3D prints were made and compared to measures in matched planes on MRI. Fronto-occipital length (FOL) and bi-temporal/bi-parietal diameters (BTD/BPD) demonstrated high interclass correlations (ICC). Correlations were moderate to weak for hemispheric height, temporal height, and pons-cerebellar thickness. The average standard error of measurement (SEM) was 0.48 cm. Our results demonstrate high correlations in overall measurements of each 3D printed model derived from brain MRI scans versus the original MRI, evidenced by high ICC values for FOL and BTD/BPD. Measures with low correlation values can be explained by variability in matching the plane of measurement to the MRI slice orientation.
A pilot surveillance report of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test results among volunteers in Germany, 1st week of July 2022
Authors: Stemler Jannik , Salmanton-García Jon , Weise Ben , Többen Christina , Joisten Carolin , Fleig Julian , Cornely Oliver A. ,   on behalf of the VACCELERATE Consortium
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection numbers reported by governmental institutions are underestimated due to high dark figures as only results from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are incorporated in governmental statistics and testing capacities were further restricted as of July, 2022.

Methods
A point prevalence investigation was piloted by rapid antigen testing (RAT) among participants of the VACCELERATE volunteer registry. 2400 volunteers were contacted, of which 500 received a RAT including instructions for self-testing in the first week of July, 2022. Results were self-reported via e-mail.

Results
419 valid RAT results were collected until July 7th, 2022. Between July-1 and July-7, 2022, 7/419 (1.67%) tests were positive. Compared to reports of the German Federal Government, our results suggest a more than twofold higher prevalence. Three out of seven positive individuals did not have a PCR test and are therefore likely not to be displayed in governmental statistics.

Conclusion
Our findings imply that the actual prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 may be higher than detected by current surveillance systems, so that current pandemic surveillance and testing strategies may be adapted.
The AI ethics maturity model: a holistic approach to advancing ethical data science in organizations
Authors: Krijger J. , Thuis T. , de Ruiter M. , Ligthart E. , Broekman I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe field of AI ethics has advanced considerably over the past years, providing guidelines, principles, and technical solutions for enhancing the ethical development, deployment and usage of AI. However, there is still a clear need for research that facilitates the move from the ‘what’ of AI ethics to the ‘how’ of governance and operationalization. Although promising literature on the challenge of implementation is increasingly more common, so far no systemic analysis has been published that brings the various themes of operationalization together in a way that helps the gradual advancement of AI ethics procedures within organizations. In this opinion paper we therefore set out to provide a holistic maturity framework in the form of an AI ethics maturity model comprising six crucial dimensions for the operationalization of AI ethics within an organization. We contend that advancing AI ethics in practice is a multi-dimensional effort, as successful operationalization of ethics requires combined action on various dimensions. The model as presented is a preliminary result of literature analysis complemented with insights from several practical mutual learning sessions with some of the major public, private and research organizations of the Netherlands. The article contributes to the AI ethics literature and practice by synthesizing relevant aspects of operationalization and relating these to the praxis of AI in a maturity model that provides direction for organizations seeking to implement these ethical principles.
Individual differences in importance ratings of Chinese values and their associations with the Big Five of personality in Western and Eastern populations
Authors: Montag Christian , Ko Huei-Chen , Sindermann Cornelia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven the worldwide importance of Chinese culture, the present work revisited a questionnaire assessing individual differences in importance ratings of Chinese values and their associations with well-established personality traits in Western and Eastern populations.Three samples were recruited and completed German (N = 813), English (N = 404), and Taiwanese/Chinese (N = 331) language versions of the Chinese Value Survey (CVS) and the Big Five Inventory. After examining the factorial structure of the CVS in the three samples, we came up with a shortened—and although better than other factor models, still not optimal—version of the CVS consisting of 29 items and two factors. The factors were namedChinese TraditionalismandMoral Integrity/Striving for Harmony. Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were positively linked toMoral Integrity/Striving for Harmonyin each sample. Conscientiousness was positively linked toChinese Traditionalismin all samples. Openness was inversely associated withChinese Traditionalismin the two Western samples only. Frequently, effect sizes of correlations of Big Five domains with theMoral Integrity/Striving for Harmonyscale were stronger than those with theChinese Traditionalismscale.In summary, across culturally diverse samples, the present study demonstrates a novel factorial structure of the CVS. However, the psychometric properties of the new-found CVS factor structure are not satisfactory. Given the heterogeneous findings on the CVS-factor structure across this and other studies, we suggest using other measures in future research to receive more in-depth knowledge on individual differences in importance ratings of Chinese values. Beyond discussing issues related to the CVS factorial structure, we provide first insights into associations between Big Five personality traits and importance ratings of Chinese values.