bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer risk
Authors: Wing Sam E. , Jankowska Marta M. , Zou Xiaoke , Sosa Ernesto , Yang Jiue-An , Benmarhnia Tarik , Neuhausen Susan L. , Nelson Rebecca , Salgia Ravi , Gray Stacy W. , Erhunmwunsee Loretta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
It remains unclear why individuals living in disadvantaged neighborhoods have shorter non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. It is possible that living in these deprived areas is linked with increased risk of developing aggressive NSCLC biology. Here, we explored the association of somatic KRAS mutations, which are associated with shorter survival in NSCLC patients, and 11 definitions of neighborhood disadvantage spanning socioeconomic and structural environmental elements.

Methods
We analyzed data from 429 NSCLC patients treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2015 to 2018. Data were abstracted from medical records and each patient’s home address was used to assign publicly available indices of neighborhood disadvantage. Prevalence Ratios (PRs) for the presence of somatic KRAS mutations were estimated using modified Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, cancer stage, and histology.

Results
In the NSCLC cohort, 29% had KRAS mutation-positive tumors. We found that five deprivation indices of socioeconomic disadvantage were associated with KRAS mutation. A one decile increase in several of these socioeconomic disadvantage indices was associated with a 1.06 to 1.14 increased risk of KRAS mutation. Measures of built structural environment were not associated with KRAS mutation status.

Conclusion
Socioeconomic disadvantage at the neighborhood level is associated with higher risk of KRAS mutation while disadvantage related to built environmental structural measures was inversely associated. Our results indicate not only that neighborhood disadvantage may contribute to aggressive NSCLC biology, but the pathways linking biology to disadvantage are likely operating through socioeconomic-related stress.
Type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM for intelligent decision-making under uncertainty and hesitancy
Authors: Shukla Amit K. , Prakash Vishnu , Nath Rahul , Muhuri Pranab K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe classical TODIM considers the crisp numbers to handle the information. However, in a real-world applicative context, this information is bounded by noise and vagueness and hence uncertain. There are wide range of works in the literature which utilizes fuzzy sets to handle the uncertainty in the various dimensions. However, there is a constraint of hesitancy in such decision-making problems due to the involvement of various decision-makers. Also, in the TODIM method, decision-maker’s bounded rationality and psychological behavior are also taken into consideration which adds up the hesitation and considers the problem with higher dimension of uncertainty. There are various applications of fuzzy TODIM using type-2 fuzzy numbers where uncertainty is being handled in more than one dimensions and also the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers where hesitancy factor of a decision-maker is taken into account. This paper targets to handle the uncertainty in more than one dimension keeping the hesitancy part into consideration for intelligent decision-making. Therefore, a novel trapezoidal type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy set (TrT2 IFS) is proposed, which is an aggregation of several triangular IFSs having upper and lower membership along with a non-membership value. For this TrT2 IFS, we have defined the generation procedure, operations, comparison and distance between such TrT2 IFSs. In addition, the decision-maker weights and criterion weight computation are also presented with respect to the TODIM approach. Furthermore, we have applied this extended TrT2 IFS-based TODIM method into a renewable energy resource selection problem of multi-criteria decision-making.
Incidence of spinal cord injuries in Germany
Authors: Rau Yannick , Schulz Arndt-Peter , Thietje Roland , Matrisch Ludwig , Frese Jasper , Hirschfeld Sven 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to provide recent data on incidence of spinal cord injuries (SCI) in Germany.

Methods
The source of information was data collected via the mandatory submission of ICD-10 GM Codes by German public hospitals after patient discharge. Data from 2013 to 2020 were retrieved from the databases of the Federal Bureau of Statistics. ICD-10 Codes for acute SCI were identified. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi and Excel.

Results
A total of 10,360 patients were reported, of whom 58.7% suffered from a cervical, 30.8% a thoracic and 10.4% a lumbar lesion. Two peaks in incidence were observed at approximately 30 and 70 years old. A population-size-adjusted overall incidence of 15.73 (SD 0.77) per million per year was calculated. We calculated the incidences in several subpopulations and discovered significantly higher incidences among males and among those over the age of 60. We discovered that differences in age groups mainly concerned injuries of the upper spine, with the incidence in the lumbar spine being similar among age groups. In addition, we found that while the probability of suffering from SCI increases with age, the relative risk of suffering from a complete injury decreases.

Conclusions
This study closes a long-lasting gap in epidemiological data regarding SCI in Germany, specifically by updating the incidence rates. We found that incidence depends on age, gender and type of lesion. We also provide some new angles for future research, especially considering the relative reduction in complete injuries among the elderly.
Comparison of the prognostic factors of total en bloc spondylectomy and total piecemeal spondylectomy in patients with Enneking stage III giant cell tumor in the thoracic and lumbar spine
Authors: Zhou Hua , Wu Fengliang , Dang Lei , Li Yan , Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Zhongjun , Wei Feng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare total en bloc spondylectomy with marginal margins against piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins in the surgical treatment of Enneking stage III spinal giant cell tumor (GCT) in terms of local recurrence.

Methods
A retrospective survival analysis of patients with Enneking stage III GCT who underwent TES with marginal margins or total piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins was performed between January 2006 and April 2020. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was the time between the date of surgery and recurrence. Factors with p-values < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis using proportional hazard analysis.

Results
Sixty patients (25 men and 35 women) with a mean age of 35.6 (range 11–71) years were included. The mean follow-up duration was 93 (range 24–198) months. Two patients were lost to follow-up 6 and 14 years after the procedure. Over a 10-year period, the recurrence rate was 13.3%. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year LRFS rates were 95%, 88%, and 78%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified total piecemeal spondylectomy and no adjuvant radiotherapy as prognostic factors for LRFS. Multivariate Cox‐regression models showed a significant association between local recurrence and total piecemeal spondylectomy and no adjuvant radiotherapy.

Conclusion
TES with marginal margins is better than total piecemeal spondylectomy with intralesional margins owing to its lower postoperative recurrence rate. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be administered to reduce postoperative recurrence rates.
Analysis of recurrent neural networks via property-directed verification of surrogate models
Authors: Khmelnitsky Igor , Neider Daniel , Roy Rajarshi , Xie Xuan , Barbot Benoît , Bollig Benedikt , Finkel Alain , Haddad Serge , Leucker Martin , Ye Lina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a property-directed approach to verifying recurrent neural networks (RNNs). To this end, we learn a deterministic finite automaton as a surrogate model from a given RNN using active automata learning. This model may then be analyzed using model checking as a verification technique. The term property-directed reflects the idea that our procedure is guided and controlled by the given property rather than performing the two steps separately. We show that this not only allows us to discover small counterexamples fast, but also to generalize them by pumping toward faulty flows hinting at the underlying error in the RNN. We also show that our method can be efficiently used for adversarial robustness certification of RNNs.
Seasonal variation of lupus nephritis in a cohort of Egyptian patients
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek Samy , Rakha Nehal K. , Fayad Tarek , Mahmoud Geilan A. , Fayed Ahmed , Hammad Hany 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune multisystem disease; renal affection is one of its most common manifestations. The effect of environmental factors on lupus nephritis flares is not fully understood.

Methods
This is a retrospective study that included 200 patients with lupus nephritis flares. All patients had confirmed diagnosis of lupus nephritis on histopathological examination. Lupus nephritis flares were defined by either (1) nephritic flare: defined as increased proteinuria or serum creatinine concentration; abnormal urinary sediment or a reduction in creatinine clearance, or (2) proteinuria flare defined as persistent increase in proteinuria > 0.5–1.0 g/day after achieving complete remission; doubling to > 1 g/day after achieving partial remission. The time of renal flare (month of the year) was recorded to determine the effect of seasonal variation on lupus nephritis flares.

Results
The median age for the patients was 33 years (IQR = 13); 92% of patients were females. The median duration of lupus was 7 years (IQR = 6). The median serum creatinine was 1.4 mg/dl, median serum urea level was 32, and median UPCR was 2.4 gm/dl. The highest incidence of flares occurred in June (14%) and July (12.5%) (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Seasonal pattern of LN flare was observed in our study in Egyptian cohort of patients, with most flares observed during meteorological summertime. Larger studies are needed to confirm this seasonal pattern.

Key Points• Flares of lupus nephritis are common in patients with systemic lupus erythromatosus.• A seasonal pattern of flares of lupus nephritis was observed in our study. This seasonal pattern has been observed by previous studies in variable ethnicities and variable climatic circumstances.
To what extent does the use of crosswalks instead of EQ-5D value sets impact reimbursement decisions?: a simulation study
Authors: Ben Ângela Jornada , van Dongen Johanna M. , Finch Aureliano Paolo , Alili Mohamed El , Bosmans Judith E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Inconsistent results have been found on the impact of using crosswalks versus EQ-5D value sets on reimbursement decisions. We sought to further investigate this issue in a simulation study.

Methods
Trial-based economic evaluation data were simulated for different conditions (depression, low back pain, osteoarthritis, cancer), severity levels (mild, moderate, severe), and effect sizes (small, medium, large). For all 36 scenarios, utilities were calculated using 3L and 5L value sets and crosswalks (3L to 5L and 5L to 3L crosswalks) for the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan. Utilities, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental QALYs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and probabilities of cost-effectiveness (pCE) obtained from values sets and crosswalks were compared.

Results
Differences between value sets and crosswalks ranged from −0.33 to 0.13 for utilities, from −0.18 to 0.13 for QALYs, and from −0.01 to 0.08 for incremental QALYs, resulting in different ICERs. For small effect sizes, at a willingness-to-pay of €20,000/QALY, the largest pCE difference was found for moderate cancer between the Japanese 5L value set and 5L to 3L crosswalk (difference = 0.63). For medium effect sizes, the largest difference was found for mild cancer between the Japanese 3L value set and 3L to 5L crosswalk (difference = 0.06). For large effect sizes, the largest difference was found for mild osteoarthritis between the Japanese 3L value set and 3L to 5L crosswalk (difference = 0.08).

Conclusion
The use of crosswalks instead of EQ-5D value sets can impact cost–utility outcomes to such an extent that this may influence reimbursement decisions.
Mixed-species association and a record of a hybrid offspring between Trachypithecus pileatus and Trachypithecus phayrei in Bangladesh
Authors: Al-Razi Hassan , Sattar Auritro , Maria Marjan , Guala Chonchol , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe term mixed-species association has a broad range of definitions, from temporary foraging association to permanent group living. A mixed-species association mostly involves species from closely related taxa and is found in birds, mammals and fish. It ranges from passive association with little interaction to coordinated behavioural interactions between the group members of a mixed-species group. Mixed-species association can result in the production of hybrid offspring in the wild. In this study, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first observational evidence of mixed-species association between the two threatened primate species Phayre’s langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) and capped langur (Trachypithecus phayrei), in fragmented forest patches of northeast Bangladesh. We also report a presumed hybrid offspring between these species. We conducted a short-term study from December 2021 to April 2022 in three forest patches based on information from eco-tourism guides. We confirmed the presence of three mixed-species troops; in two of the groups an adult maleT. phayreihad permanently immigrated into a group ofT. pileatus, and in the other one an adult maleT. pileatushad permanently immigrated into a group ofT. phayrei. A long-term detailed study is needed to elucidate the reasons for these mixed-species associations, their behavioural patterns, the fate of the presumed hybrid offspring, and to understand the genetic relatedness between the individuals.
Gentrification, White Encroachment, and the Policing of Black Residents in Washington, DC
Authors: Golash-Boza Tanya , Oh Hyunsu , Kane Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen middle-class and White residents move into working-class and poor Black neighborhoods, are there increases in the frequency of arrests of Black people? There are a handful of published articles that examine quantitatively the relationship between gentrification and policing. These studies focus almost exclusively on Los Angeles and New York City and the focus on racialized policing is limited. The present study considers racialized policing in a city that was, until very recently, majority Black and explores the extent to which gentrification and racial change in Washington, DC are associated with enhanced policing of Black residents. A spatial regression analysis which models the association between gentrification, White encroachment, and the policing of Black residents using arrest data from the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department and a gentrification score based on American Community Survey data reveals clear racialized and spatial disparities in arrest rates in Washington, DC. We hypothesized that census tracts experiencing gentrification and White encroachment would have higher drug arrest rates of Black residents. We found support for our White encroachment hypothesis but not for our gentrification hypothesis.
Targeted genetic analysis unveils novel associations between ACE I/D and APO T158C polymorphisms with D-dimer levels in severe COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Fiorentino Giuseppe , Benincasa Giuditta , Coppola Antonietta , Franzese Monica , Annunziata Anna , Affinito Ornella , Viglietti Mario , Napoli Claudio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOnly a percentage of COVID-19 patients develop thrombotic complications. We hypothesized that genetic profiles may explain part of the inter-individual differences. Our goal was to evaluate the genotypic distribution of targeted DNA polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients complicated (PE+) or not (PE−) by pulmonary embolism. We designed a retrospective observational study enrolling N = 94 consecutive patients suffering severe COVID-19 with pulmonary embolism (PE+, N = 47) or not (PE−, N = 47) during hospitalization. A panel of N = 13 prothrombotic DNA polymorphisms (FV R506Q and H1299R, FII G20210A, MTHFR C677T and A1298C, CBS 844ins68, PAI-1 4G/5G, GPIIIa HPA-1 a/b, ACE I/D, AGT T9543C, ATR-1 A1166C, FGB − 455G > A, FXIII103G > T) and N = 2 lipid metabolism-related DNA polymorphisms (APOE T 112C and T158C) were investigated using Reverse Dot Blot technique. Then, we investigated possible associations between genotypic subclasses and demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters including age, obesity, smoking, pro-inflammatory cytokines, drug therapy, and biomarkers of thrombotic risk such as D-dimer (DD). We found that 58.7% of PE+ had homozygous mutant D/D genotype at ACE I/D locus vs. PE− (40.4%) and 87% of PE+ had homozygous mutant C/C genotype at APOE T158C locus vs. PE− (68.1%). In PE+ group, DD levels were significantly higher in D/D and I/D genotypes at ACE I/D locus (P = 0.00066 and P = 0.00023, respectively) and in C/C and T/C genotypes at APOE T158C locus (P = 1.6e−06 and P = 0.0012, respectively) than PE− group. For the first time, we showed significant associations between higher DD levels and ACE I/D and APOE T158C polymorphisms in PE+ vs. PE− patients suggesting potential useful biomarkers of poor clinical outcome.
Sub-lethal doses of imidacloprid alter food selection in the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus
Authors: Frizzi Filippo , Balzani Paride , Masoni Alberto , Frasconi Wendt Clara , Marconi Matilde , Rossi Asia , Santini Giacomo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite several restrictions to their use, neonicotinoid insecticides are still widely employed worldwide. Residual sub-lethal amounts of these chemicals can have detrimental effects on the behavior of non-target insects. Toxic effects on economically important species such as bees have been widely documented, but less is known about their toxic action on other social insects, such as ants. In this study, we assessed the effect of different sub-lethal doses of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the ability of colonies of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus to select the most profitable resource. We used Y-shaped mazes having an imidacloprid-polluted or an unpolluted sucrose solution on the two branches. Two sucrose (0.1 M, 0.5 M) and two imidacloprid (1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml) concentrations were used. In parallel, we evaluated the marking activity of foragers who fed on the same solutions. We found that the 0.1 M sugar solution polluted with 1 μg/ml imidacloprid was significantly more frequently selected in binary choices experiments than the unpolluted resource. Moreover, the ingestion of the same combination of sugar and imidacloprid significantly increased the marking rate of foragers. The higher concentration of the pollutant had lower effects, probably because of the hormesis phenomenon. Results suggest that the lower sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid can lead ants to select again the polluted resource. This “active” selection of the pollutant may magnify the negative effects on the colonies. Due to their ecological role, any impairment of ant survival or behavior may have detrimental cascade effects on the whole ecosystem.
Numerical Design of CoNi-Base Superalloys With Improved Casting Structure
Authors: Wahlmann Benjamin , Bandorf Jakob , Volz Nicklas , Förner Andreas , Pröbstle Johannes , Multerer Kerstin , Göken Mathias , Markl Matthias , Neumeier Steffen , Körner Carolin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerical methods can accelerate the design of alloys with improved material properties. One approach is the coupling of multi-criteria optimization with CALPHAD-based models of alloy properties. While this technique has already yielded promising new Nickel-base superalloys, the applicability to CoNi-base alloys has not yet been investigated. These alloys show promising properties for application as wrought high-temperature materials. We designed three CoNi-base superalloys, which were optimized for either high strength or high chemical homogeneity. The alloys were cast, and mechanical and thermophysical properties were characterized. The alloy optimized for strength showed creep performance inferior to a conventionally designed CoNi-alloy but had a much lower density. For developing highly homogeneous alloys, Scheil calculations were implemented in the optimization routine to quantify the severity of segregation. Non-equilibrium phases could be predicted successfully, resulting in a degree of homogeneity that rivaled that of a low-segregation ternary Co-base alloy. A comparison of elemental partitioning behavior and phase transition temperatures with CALPHAD calculations showed that trends are well represented for the most part. Finally, the applicability of the alloy design approach for Co-rich superalloys is evaluated, and possible applications for the optimized alloys are discussed.
Thinning intensity affects carbon sequestration and release in seasonal freeze–thaw areas
Authors: Gao Tong , Song Xinyu , Ren Yunze , Liu Hui , Qu Hangfeng , Dong Xibin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo explore how to respond to seasonal freeze–thaw cycles on forest ecosystems in the context of climate change through thinning, we assessed the potential impact of thinning intensity on carbon cycle dynamics. By varying the number of temperature cycles, the effects of various thinning intensities in four seasons. The rate of mass, litter organic carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) loss in response to temperature variations was examined in two degrees of decomposition. The unfrozen season had the highest decomposition rate of litter, followed by the frozen season. Semi-decomposed litter had a higher decomposition rate than undecomposed litter. The decomposition rate of litter was the highest when the thinning intensity was 10%, while the litter and SOC were low. Forest litter had a good carbon sequestration impact in the unfrozen and freeze–thaw seasons, while the converse was confirmed in the frozen and thaw seasons. The best carbon sequestration impact was identified in litter, and soil layers under a 20–25% thinning intensity, and the influence of undecomposed litter on SOC was more noticeable than that of semi-decomposed litter. Both litter and soil can store carbon: however, carbon is transported from undecomposed litter to semi-decomposed litter and to the soil over time. In summary, the best thinning intensity being 20–25%.