bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic circuits for laser stabilization with integrated ultra-high Q and Brillouin laser resonators
Authors: Liu Kaikai , Dallyn John H. , Brodnik Grant M. , Isichenko Andrei , Harrington Mark W. , Chauhan Nitesh , Bose Debapam , Morton Paul A. , Papp Scott B. , Behunin Ryan O. , Blumenthal Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

The integration of stabilized lasers, sources that generate spectrally pure light, will provide compact, low-cost solutions for applications including quantum information sciences, precision navigation and timing, metrology, and high-capacity fiber communications. We report a significant advancement in this field, demonstrating stabilization of an integrated waveguide Brillouin laser to an integrated waveguide reference cavity, where both resonators are fabricated using the same CMOS-compatible integration platform. We demonstrate reduction of the free running Brillouin laser linewidth to a 292 Hz integral linewidth and carrier stabilization to a 4.9 × 10−13 fractional frequency at 8 ms reaching the cavity-intrinsic thermorefractive noise limit for frequencies down to 80 Hz. We achieve this level of performance using a pair of 56.4 × 106 quality factor Si3N4 waveguide ring-resonators that reduce the high-frequency noise by the nonlinear Brillouin process and the low-frequency noise by Pound–Drever–Hall locking to the ultra-low loss resonator. These results represent an important step toward integrated stabilized lasers with reduced sensitivity to environmental disturbances for atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO), quantum information processing and sensing, and other precision scientific, sensing, and communications applications.
Gas puff imaging system for edge plasma fluctuation measurements in large helical device
Authors: Kobayashi M. , Ohdachi S. , Xu Y. , Li W. , Shimizu A. , Cheng J. 
Published: September 2022

A gas puff imaging system has been developed to measure edge fluctuations in large helical device. The optical system splits the image of the plasma into four wavelengths, Hα/Dα (656 nm), HeI (1s2p–1s3d; 587.6; 1s2p–1s3d, 667.8; and 1s2p–1s3s, 706.5 nm), enabling simultaneous measurement of the spatial distribution of line ratios of He I. The image of the plasma is amplified with an image intensifier and recorded with a fast-framing camera. The measurement area has a diameter of 20 cm just outside of the last closed flux surface. The spatial resolution of the optical system is about 3 mm, and the frame rate is 100 kHz for acquisition of the four wavelength images. Signal-to-noise ratio is evaluated for the system, and further improvement is discussed. Clear images are obtained for all wavelengths and a slightly different pattern is recognized, depending on the wavelength. A singular value decomposition analysis can decompose the image clearly to one perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field lines.
Opto-mechanical expulsion of individual micro-particles by laser-induced shockwave in air
Authors: Schroeder M. C. , Andral U. , Wolf J.-P. 
Published: September 2022

It was recently demonstrated that laser filamentation was able to generate an optically transparent channel through clouds and fog for free-space optical communications applications. However, no quantitative measurement of the interaction between the laser-induced shockwave and the aerosol particles has been carried out so far, leaving the precise nature of the clearing mechanism up for discussion. A critical question was the maximum distance at which the filament could still act on the aerosol particle. Distances widely exceeding the filament diameter and its energy reservoir exclude other potential clearing effects like shattering or explosion by direct exposure to the laser. Here, we quantify the force exerted by the shockwave on a single aerosol microparticle. The force is measured by observing the ejection and displacement of the particle when trapped in an optical tweezer. We demonstrate that even for distances ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 mm away from the filament, thus widely exceeding the filamentary region, an acoustic force of 500 pN to 8 nN (depending on the initial laser power) acts on the aerosol particle and expels it away from the optical trap.
“We improved presenting voice in our writing”
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Hua , Brown T. Pascal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the role of teacher feedback in presenting students’ voice and writing quality of personal statements (PSs). PSs are essays intended to grant writers’ admission into graduate programs. Twenty third-year undergraduate students majoring in English participated in this study. Three drafts were collected in an English as a foreign language (EFL) writing class, and teacher feedback was given on the first two drafts. Three participants were interviewed to share their thoughts about voice development and revisions. Drafts 1 and 3 were analyzed using an analytic voice rubric, a holistic rating, and an analytic rubric. It was found that students presented a unique voice in Draft 3 and improved their writing quality by using teacher feedback in classroom contexts. Overall voice was found to strongly correlate with writing quality. Findings of the study demonstrate the importance of teacher feedback in improving students’ abilities to articulate their voice and writing quality in EFL writing.
The adaptive bearing fault diagnosis based on generalized stochastic resonance in a scale-transformed fractional oscillator driven by unilateral attenuated impulse signal
Authors: Zhang Ruoqi , Chen Kehan , Wang Huiqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bearing fault diagnosis is vital to guarantee the safe operation of rotating machines. Due to the enhancement principle of energy conversion from noise to weak signal, noise-assisted stochastic resonance (SR) methods have been widely applied. In this paper, to utilize the memory-dependent property of the mechanical degradation process, we develop a scale-transformed fractional oscillator (SFO) driven by a unilateral attenuated impulse signal, and reveal the active effect of generalized SR (GSR) on the energy conversion from internal multiplicative noise to signal. By applying the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm in the multi-parameter regulation, we propose the adaptive GSR-SFO diagnosis method to realize the enhancement of weak fault characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is valid and exhibits superiority in diagnosis performance, especially in several typical difficult cases, such as smeared bearing fault caused by mechanical looseness, smeared bearing fault disturbed by strong random pulses, and corrupted bearing fault disturbed by patches of electrical noise.
Object defect detection based on data fusion of a 3D point cloud and 2D image
Authors: Zhang Wanning , Zhou Fuqiang , Liu Yang , Sun Pengfei , Chen Yuanze , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the process of defect detection, there can be interference factors such as poor image quality and missing point cloud data as a result of the complexity of the acquisition environment. Certain limitations can be found relying solely on point cloud data processing or image feature detection. Therefore, this paper tries a more intuitive and effective exploration. Firstly, an algorithm named hole boundary points detection of point cloud, based on multi-scale principal component analysis, is proposed, which can achieve the preliminary detection of hole boundary points while calculating the normal vector of each point in the point cloud. Then the boundary contour of each hole is constructed by a polygon growth algorithm. Finally, we use the complementary information of the 3D point cloud and 2D image to explore the origin of holes and realize the ‘true’ and ‘false’ classification of holes. The experimental results show that our algorithm can successfully detect point cloud holes and can also distinguish them from object defects, providing data support for subsequent hole filling and defect measurement.
On the benefits and limitations of Echo State Networks for turbulent flow prediction
Authors: Sharifi Ghazijahani Mohammad , Heyder Florian , Schumacher Jörg , Cierpka Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe prediction of turbulent flow by the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to big data is a concept currently in its infancy which requires further development. It is of special importance if the aim is a prediction that is good in a statistical sense or if the vector fields should be predicted as good as possible. For this purpose, the statistical and deterministic prediction of the unsteady but periodic flow of the von Kármán Vortex Street (KVS) was examined using an Echo State Network (ESN) which is well suited for learning from time series due to its recurrent connections. The experimental data of the velocity field of the KVS were collected by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Then, the data were reduced by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and the flow was reconstructed by the first hundred most energetic modes. An ESN with 3000 neurons was optimized with respect to its three main hyperparameters to predict the time coefficients of the POD modes. For the deterministic prediction, the aim was to maximize the correct direction of the vertical velocities. The results indicate that the ESN can mimic the periodicity and the unsteadiness of the flow. It is also able to predict the sequence of the upward and downward directed velocities for longer time spans. For the statistical prediction, the similarity of the probability density functions of the vertical velocity fields between the predicted and actual flow was achieved. The leaking rate of the ESN played a key role in the transition from deterministic to statistical predictions.
Subthreshold Schottky-contacted carbon nanotube network film field-effect transistors for ultralow-power electronic applications
Authors: Zou Jianping , Cai Weifan , Zhang Qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ultralow-power electronics is critical to wearable, portable, and implantable applications where the systems could only have access to very limited electrical power supply or even be self-powered. Here, we report on a type of Schottky barrier (SB) contacted single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network film field-effect-transistors (FETs) that are operated in the subthreshold region to achieve ultralow-power applications. The thin high-k gate dielectric and the overlap between the gate and the source electrodes offer highly efficient gate electrostatic control over the SWCNT channel and the SB at the source contact, resulting in steep subthreshold switching characteristics with a small subthreshold swing (∼67 mV dec−1), a large current on/off ratio (∼106), and a low off-state current (∼0.5 pA). A p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter built with the subthreshold SB-SWCNT-FETs exhibits a well-defined logic functionality and small-signal amplification capability under a low supply voltage (∼0.5 V) and an ultralow power (∼0.05 pW μm−1). The low-voltage and deep subthreshold operations reported here could lay an essential foundation for high-performance and ultralow-power SWCNTs-based electronics.
Evaluation of grinding surface roughness based on gradient similarity and color similarity
Authors: Fang Runji , Yi Huaian , Shu Aihua , Lv Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Existing machine vision detection methods for surface roughness based on design indices are mainly divided into two categories: grayscale information-based and color information-based. The former loses a large amount of image information when converting the image’s three-dimensional color space to one-dimensional grayscale space. The latter does not fully consider the color information and structural detail changes in images of different rough surfaces. To address the above problems, a visual measurement method of grinding surface roughness based on gradient similarity and color similarity is proposed in this study. This method purposefully uses gradient similarity and color similarity to evaluate the structural differences and color differences between different roughness images, respectively. The comparison experiments with CD, F2, and F5 indices show that the GC index we proposed has a strong correlation with the grinding surface roughness, and its regression fitting prediction model has a high prediction accuracy. In addition, we have discussed the effect of light intensity on the GC index. The experimental result indicates that the correlation between the GC index and roughness is relatively stable under different light intensities.
Instability of the

φ⃗23

model with spontaneously broken scale symmetry
Authors: Sakhi S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The viability of the phase with spontaneous breaking of scale symmetry observed in the infinite N limit of the O(N) symmetric phi-six theory in three dimensions is scrutinized against quantum corrections at the next-to-leading order in 1/N expansion. It is shown that inclusion of such corrections disrupt the flatness and the global real-valuedness of the effective potential which develops an imaginary part for some values of the fields in a strong coupling regime that covers the BMB and the nontrivial ultraviolet fixed points. This signals instability of the phase with spontaneously broken approximate scale invariance which is doomed to decay by higher 1/N radiative corrections.
Copper migration and surface oxidation of

CuxBi2Se3

in ambient pressure environments
Authors: Gross Adam L , Falling Lorenz , Staab Matthew C , Montero Metzli I , Ullah Rahim R , Nisson David M , Klavins Peter , Koski Kristie J , Curro Nicholas J , Taufour Valentin , Nemsak Slavomir , Vishik Inna M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemical modifications such as intercalation can be used to modify surface properties or to further functionalize the surface states of topological insulators (TIs). Using ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we report copper migration in

C
u

x

B
i

2

S
e

3

, which occurs on a timescale of hours to days after initial surface cleaving. The increase in near-surface copper proceeds along with the oxidation of the sample surface and large changes in the selenium content. These complex changes are further modeled with core-level spectroscopy simulations, which suggest a composition gradient near the surface which develops with oxygen exposure. Our results shed light on a new phenomenon that must be considered for intercalated TIs—and intercalated materials in general—that surface chemical composition can change when specimens are exposed to ambient conditions.
Addressing the stability challenge of metal halide perovskite based photocatalysts for solar fuel production
Authors: Xiao Mu , Zhang Yurou , You Jiakang , Wang Zhiliang , Yun Jun-Ho , Konarova Muxina , Liu Gang , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis, converting solar energy to renewable fuels and valuable chemicals, shows a high potential for addressing the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. The superior optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) make this emerging family of materials promising candidates for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion. However, the issue of stability has been the main obstacle for MHPs based photocatalysis. In this work, we emphasize the major bottleneck that hinders the application of MHPs for photocatalytic solar-to-fuel conversion. After outlining the unstable factors for MHPs based photocatalysis, we analyse recent works in related fields and provide a critical review of approaches to improving the stability of MHPs for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. We conclude by proposing possible directions for the development of stabilizing MHPs towards efficient and cost-effective solar-to-fuel conversion.
Novel deterministic epidemic model considering mass vaccination and lockdown against coronavirus disease 2019 spread in Israel: a numerical study
Authors: Utamura Motoaki , Koizumi Makoto , Kirikami Seiichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Why public health intervention by the Israeli government against coronavirus disease 2019 spread has been successful while the majority of other countries are still coping with it? To give a quantitative answer, a simple numerical epidemic model is prepared to simulate the entire trend of various infection-related variables considering the first and second vaccination campaigns against the alpha variant and simultaneous lockdown. This model is an extension of our previously published deterministic physical model, that is Apparent Time Lag Model, which aims at predicting an entire trend of variables in a single epidemic. The time series data of both vaccine dose ratio and lockdown period are employed in the model. Predictions have been compared with observed data in terms of daily new cases, isolated people, infections at large and effective reproductive number, and, further, the model is verified. Moreover, parameter survey calculations for several scenarios have clarified the synergy effects of vaccination and lockdown. In particular, the key element of Israel’s success has been suggested to lie in a high-dose vaccination rate that prevents the onset of a rebound in daily new cases on the rescission of the lockdown.
Serum lead, mercury, manganese, and copper and DNA methylation age among adults in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Lodge Evans K , Dhingra Radhika , Martin Chantel L , Fry Rebecca C , White Alexandra J , Ward-Caviness Cavin K , Wani Agaz H , Uddin Monica , Wildman Derek E , Galea Sandro , Aiello Allison E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the effects of lead, mercury, manganese, and copper on individual disease processes are well understood, estimating the health effects of long-term exposure to these metals at the low concentrations often observed in the general population is difficult. In addition, the health effects of joint exposure to multiple metals are difficult to estimate. Biological aging refers to the integrative progression of multiple physiologic and molecular changes that make individuals more at risk of disease. Biomarkers of biological aging may be useful to estimate the population-level effects of metal exposure prior to the development of disease in the population. We used data from 290 participants in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study to estimate the effect of serum lead, mercury, manganese, and copper on three DNA methylation-based biomarkers of biological aging (Horvath Age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge). We used mixed models and Bayesian kernel machine regression and controlled for participant sex, race, ethnicity, cigarette use, income, educational attainment, and block group poverty. We observed consistently positive estimates of the effects between lead and GrimAge acceleration and mercury and PhenoAge acceleration. In contrast, we observed consistently negative associations between manganese and PhenoAge acceleration and mercury and Horvath Age acceleration. We also observed curvilinear relationships between copper and both PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration. Increasing total exposure to the observed mixture of metals was associated with increased PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration and decreased Horvath Age acceleration. These findings indicate that an increase in serum lead or mercury from the 25th to 75th percentile is associated with a ∼0.25-year increase in two epigenetic markers of all-cause mortality in a population of adults in Detroit, Michigan. While few of the findings were statistically significant, their consistency and novelty warrant interest.
Comprehensive analysis of pathogen-responsive wheat NAC transcription factors: new candidates for crop improvement
Authors: Vranic Monika , Perochon Alexandre , Benbow Harriet , Doohan Fiona M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWheat NAC (TaNAC) transcription factors are important regulators of stress responses and developmental processes. This study proposes a new TaNAC nomenclature and identified defense-associated TaNACs based on the analysis of RNA-sequencing datasets of wheat tissue infected with major fungal pathogens. A total of 146 TaNACs were pathogen-responsive, of which 52 were orthologous with functionally characterized defense-associated NACs from barley, rice, and Arabidopsis, as deduced via phylogenetic analysis. Next, we focused on the phylogenetic relationship of the pathogen-responsive TaNACs and their expression profiles in healthy and diseased tissues. Three subfamilies (“a,” “e,” and “f”) were significantly enriched in pathogen-responsive TaNACs, of which the majority were responsive to at least 2 pathogens (universal pathogen response). Uncharacterized TaNACs from subfamily “a” enriched with defense-associated NACs are promising candidates for functional characterization in pathogen defense. In general, pathogen-responsive TaNACs were expressed in at least 2 healthy organs. Lastly, we showed that the wheat NAM domain is significantly divergent in sequence in subfamilies “f,” “g,” and “h” based on HMMER and motif analysis. New protein motifs were identified in both the N- and C-terminal parts of TaNACs. Three of those identified in the C-terminal part were linked to pathogen responsiveness of the TaNACs and 2 were linked to expression in grain tissue. Future studies should benefit from this comprehensive in silico analysis of pathogen-responsive TaNACs as a basis for selecting the most promising candidates for functional validation and crop improvement.
Analysis of Cyp51 protein sequences shows 4 major Cyp51 gene family groups across fungi
Authors: Celia-Sanchez Brandi N , Mangum Brandon , Brewer Marin , Momany Michelle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Azole drugs target fungal sterol biosynthesis and are used to treat millions of human fungal infections each year. Resistance to azole drugs has emerged in multiple fungal pathogens including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The most well-studied resistance mechanism in A. fumigatus arises from missense mutations in the coding sequence combined with a tandem repeat in the promoter of cyp51A, which encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme in the fungal sterol biosynthesis pathway. Filamentous members of Ascomycota such as A. fumigatus have either 1 or 2 of 3 Cyp51 paralogs (Cyp51A, Cyp51B, and Cyp51C). Most previous research in A. fumigatus has focused on Cyp51A due to its role in azole resistance. We used the A. fumigatus Cyp51A protein sequence as the query in database searches to identify Cyp51 proteins across fungi. We found 435 Cyp51 proteins in 295 species spanning from early-diverging fungi (Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zoopagomycota, and Mucormycota) to late-diverging fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). We found these sequences formed 4 major Cyp51 groups: Cyp51, Cyp51A, Cyp51B, and Cyp51C. Surprisingly, we found all filamentous Ascomycota had a Cyp51B paralog, while only 50% had a Cyp51A paralog. We created maximum likelihood trees to investigate the evolution of Cyp51 in fungi. Our results suggest Cyp51 is present in all fungi with 3 paralogs emerging in Pezizomycotina, including Cyp51C which appears to have diverged from the progenitor of the Cyp51A and Cyp51B groups.