bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferability of patients for radiation treatment between unmatched machines
Authors: Foy Joseph J. , Dogan Serpil K. , Yadav Poonam , Mittal Bharat B. , Das Indra J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe feasibility of transferring patients between unmatched machines for a limited number of treatment fractions was investigated for three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatments.MethodsEighty patient‐plans were evaluated on two unmatched linacs: Elekta Versa HD and Elekta Infinity. Plans were equally divided into pelvis 3DCRT, prostate VMAT, brain VMAT, and lung VMAT plans. While maintaining the number of monitor units (MUs), plans were recalculated on the machine not originally used for treatment. Relative differences in dose were calculated between machines for the target volume and organs at risk (OARs). Differences in mean dose were assessed with paired t‐tests (p < 0.05). The number of interchangeable fractions allowable before surpassing a cumulative ±5% difference in dose was determined. Additionally, patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) measurements using ArcCHECK for both machines were compared with distributions calculated on the machine originally used for treatment using gradient compensation (GC) with 2%/2‐mm criteria.ResultsInterchanging the two machines for pelvic 3DCRT and VMAT (prostate, brain, and lung) plans resulted in an average change in target mean dose of 0.9%, −0.5%, 0.6%, 0.5%, respectively. Based on the differences in dose to the prescription point when changing machines, statistically, nearly one‐fourth of the prescribed fractions could be transferred between linacs for 3DCRT plans. While all of the prescribed fractions could typically be transferred among prostate VMAT plans, a rather large number of treatment fractions, 31% and 38%, could be transferred among brain and lung VMAT plans, respectively, without exceeding a ±5% change in the prescribed dose for two Elekta machines. Additionally, the OAR dosage was not affected within the given criterion with change of machine.ConclusionsDespite small differences in calculated dose, transferring patients between two unmatched Elekta machines with similar multileaf collimator (MLC)‐head for target coverage and minimum changes in OAR dose is possible for a limited number of fractions (≤3) to improve clinical flexibility and institutional throughput along with patient satisfaction. A similar study could be carried out for other machines for operational throughput.
Ultrafast Optical Properties of Cavity‐Enhanced Superfluorescence
Authors: Zhong Yichi , Zhou Chun , Hou Luyang , Li Jingzhou , Xie Wei , Dong Hongxing , Zhang Long 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCavity‐enhanced superfluorescence is an ultrafast and intense lasing produced by strong interaction between superfluorescence and optical cavity. However, due to the quite difficulty of particle cooperative emission in solid‐state systems, and the low coupling efficiency between superfluorescence and optical cavity, research on ultrafast optical properties of cavity‐enhanced superfluorescence is thus far in its infancy. Fortunately, perovskites being made into quantum dot superlattice microcavity is an excellent candidate as such light source. This work reveals the time‐dependent redshift process of cavity‐enhanced superfluorescence under high‐power injection, and interprets the physical mechanism of lasing broadening with increasing power from the dynamic perspective. At the same time, the multi‐mode lasing dynamic photoluminescence image output at different times is also tracked. The short‐wavelength resonance mode has a lower stimulated threshold, but its radiation lags behind the long‐wavelength resonance mode by 4 ps in high excited density. These ultrafast optical property researches may promote the application of quantum dot superlattices in information technology, optical communications, ultrafast lasers, and other fields.
In Situ Preparation of Mn0.2Cd0.8S‐Diethylenetriamine/Porous g‐C3N4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Dai Kai , Zhang Jinfeng , Dawson Graham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe design of a step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction can promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and optimize the oxidation–reduction capacity of the photocatalyst to the greatest possible extent. It is one of the most effective schemes for enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this work, an S‐scheme of Mn0.2Cd0.8S‐diethylenetriamine/porous g‐C3N4 (MCS/PCN) heterojunction is designed, which accelerates the charge transfer at the interface of Mn0.2Cd0.8S‐diethylenetriamine (Mn0.2Cd0.8S‐DETA) and porous g‐C3N4 (Pg‐C3N4), and provides electrons for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Under the same light conditions, the hydrogen production efficiency of the MCS/PCN composite is 11.42 mmol h‐1 g‐1, which is 30 times higher than that of pure Pg‐C3N4. By constructing this in situ grown S‐scheme heterojunction, a new direction for the precise design of charge separation is provided.
Glucose‐Sensing Photonic Nanochain Probes with Color Change in Seconds
Authors: Cai Jinyang , Luo Wei , Pan Juanjuan , Li Gang , Pu Yuyang , Si Luying , Shi Gongpu , Shao Yuxuan , Ma Huiru , Guan Jianguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlucose‐sensing photonic crystals are promising for the significant advance of continuous glucose monitoring systems due to the naked‐eye colorimetric readouts and noninvasive detection of diabetes, but the long response time hampers their practical applications. Here, for the first time probes of photonic nanochains (PNCs) are demonstrated that are capable of continuously and reversibly sensing glucose concentration ([glucose]) variation within seconds by color change without power consumption, much faster by 2–3 orders of magnitude than previous ones. They are comprised of 1D equidistant arrays of magnetic nanoparticles enveloped by tens‐of‐nanometer‐thick phenylboronic acid‐functionalized hydrogels, and fabricated by developing selective concentration polymerization of monomers in binary microheterogeneous solvents of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H2O. In this process, both 3‐acrylamido phenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and N‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAAm) are preferentially dissolved in the small volume of free DMSO concentrated in the vicinity of poly vinylpyrrolidone coated Fe3O4 colloidal nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PVP), yielding Fe3O4@PVP@poly(AAPBA‐co‐HEAAm) PNCs after UV irradiation under magnetic field. The PNCs in phosphate buffered solution have a wavelength‐shift range up to 130 nm when [glucose] changes from 0 to 20 × 10−3 m. The results can facilitate real‐time glucose monitoring and provide an alternative to produce functional organic–inorganic nanostructures.
Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon‐Based Electrodes – Quantification of Losses and Strategies to Overcome Them
Authors: Bogachuk Dmitry , Yang Bowen , Suo Jiajia , Martineau David , Verma Anand , Narbey Stephanie , Anaya Miguel , Frohna Kyle , Doherty Tiarnan , Müller David , Herterich Jan P. , Zouhair Salma , Hagfeldt Anders , Stranks Samuel D. , Würfel Uli , Hinsch Andreas , Wagner Lukas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbon‐based electrodes represent a promising approach to improve stability and up‐scalability of perovskite photovoltaics. The temperature at which these contacts are processed defines the absorber grain size of the perovskite solar cell: in cells with low‐temperature carbon‐based electrodes (L‐CPSCs), layer‐by‐layer deposition is possible, allowing perovskite crystals to be large (>100 nm), while in cells with high‐temperature carbon‐based contacts (H‐CPSCs), crystals are constrained to 10–20 nm in size. To enhance the power conversion efficiency of these devices, the main loss mechanisms are identified for both systems. Measurements of charge carrier lifetime, quasi‐Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and light‐intensity‐dependent behavior, supported by numerical simulations, clearly demonstrate that H‐CPSCs strongly suffer from non‐radiative losses in the perovskite absorber, primarily due to numerous grain boundaries. In contrast, large crystals of L‐CPSCs provide a long carrier lifetime (1.8 µs) and exceptionally high QFLS of 1.21 eV for an absorber bandgap of 1.6 eV. These favorable characteristics explain the remarkable open‐circuit voltage of over 1.1 V in hole‐selective layer‐free L‐CPSCs. However, the low photon absorption and poor charge transport in these cells limit their potential. Finally, effective strategies are provided to reduce non‐radiative losses in H‐CPSCs, transport losses in L‐CPSCs, and to improve photon management in both cell types.
Molecular dynamics simulation on the structure–activity relationship between the Gemini surfactant and foam properties
Authors: Tang Haifeng , Song Jiamei , Zha Mengling , He Jincheng , Yan Zhihu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe structure–activity relationship between the molecular structure of Gemini surfactants and foam properties has not yet been deeply revealed. In this study, we clarified for the first time the structure–activity relationship between foam properties and molecular structure of Gemini surfactant by discussing the variation characteristics of parameters such as free energy of interface formation, radial distribution function, and mean square displacement calculated by molecular simulation method. The research results show that (1) the Gemini surfactant with the sulfonic acid head group has the most excellent foam properties; (2) the foam properties increase monotonously with the increase of the hydrophobic tail chain length; (3) the foam properties decrease monotonously with the increase of the spacer group length. It is hoped that this article can further broaden the application range of surfactants as foaming agents in industrial fields such as oil and gas exploitation.
Chelation‐activated multiple‐site reversible chemical absorption of ammonia in ionic liquids
Authors: Cai Zhenping , Zhang Jiayin , Ma Yongde , Wu Wenquan , Cao Yanning , Huang Kuan , Jiang Lilong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping new and facile strategies for multiple‐site reversible chemical absorption of pollutant gases is of wide interests in chemical engineering research. Herein, a series of lithium (Li)‐triethylene glycol (TEG)–chelated ionic liquids (ILs) with crown‐ether‐like cation and different anions were designed. The Li‐TEG–chelated ILs were prepared in quantitative yields by simply mixing equimolar TEG and Li salts. It is found that the chelation of TEG with Li+ activates the hydroxyl sites in TEG for strong interaction with ammonia (NH3). Thus, the hydroxyl sites chelated with Li+, as well as the chelation‐unsaturated Li+, provide the multiple sites for chemical absorption of NH3 in Li‐TEG–chelated ILs. Moreover, the absorption of NH3 in Li‐TEG–chelated ILs is totally reversible, with the NH3 solubilities remaining unchanged after eight times of recycling. The results obtained herein can provide useful guidance for the construction of gas absorbents with high capacity and excellent reversibility.
A SOX3 duplication and lumbosacral spina bifida in three generations
Authors: Butler Kameryn M. , Fee Timothy , DuPont Barbara R. , Dean Jane H. , Stevenson Roger E. , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChromosomal aneuploidies, microduplications and microdeletions are the most common confirmed genetic causes of spina bifida. Microduplications of Xq27 containing the SOX3 gene have been reported in 11 cases, confirming the existence of an X‐chromosomal locus for spina bifida. A three generation kindred reported here with a SOX3 duplication has been identified in one of 17 kindreds with recurrences in the 29 years of the South Carolina Neural Tube Defect Prevention Program. Other recurrences during this time period included siblings with an APAF1 mutation, siblings with a CASP9 mutation, siblings with a microdeletion of 13q, and two sets of siblings with Meckel syndrome who did not have genetic/genomic studies performed.
A population history of indigenousBahamianislanders: Insights from ancientDNA
Authors: Forbes‐Pateman Vanessa , Yardumian Aram , Vilar Miguel , Simms Tanya M. , Pateman Michael P. , Keegan William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Bahamas is an archipelago in the western Atlantic Ocean that stretches over 1000 km, just north of Cuba and east of the Florida Peninsula. Modern DNA studies show that contemporary Bahamians are genetic descendants of European and African ancestors, unlike Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, where Indigenous descendancy is well documented. For The Bahamas little was known about the genetic ancestry of the Indigenous Lucayans (AD 700–1600) and their relationship to other Indigenous Caribbean populations. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity in Indigenous Lucayans from the Bahamas Archipelago to better understand the phylogeography of their genetic lineages, and to determine their relationship with other Indigenous Caribbean populations.Materials and methodsWe characterized genetic diversity across two uniparental markers in 31 ancient individuals from burial sites on seven Bahamian islands.ResultsWe observed significant homogeneity in Lucayan paternal lineages, with only two haplogroups (Q‐M902 and Q‐Z781) found among them. Mitochondrial lineages were more diverse, with individuals belonging to haplogroup A2, B2, C1b, and C1d1. Four were assigned to a previously unidentified C1d lineage. Of the B2 samples, 7 of 11 belonged to the rare South America/Caribbean haplogroup B2e. This haplogroup was the most prevalent in the Northwest Bahamas while C1, particularly C1d, was more prevalent in the Central and Southern Bahamas.DiscussionThese findings document a complex genetic history with an initial migration from Hispaniola beginning 1300 years ago, and possible gene flow from Cuba to Andros in late Bahamian prehistory.
Comparative anatomy of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint in chimpanzees and humans
Authors: Potau Josep Maria , Pastor Juan Francisco , de Paz Félix Jesús , Barbosa Mercedes , Gómez Mónica , de Diego Marina , Casado Aroa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn the present study, we have analyzed the anatomy of the radiocarpal joint ligaments and muscles in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens in order to identify similarities and differences between the two species that may be related to differences in hand use and function.Materials and MethodsAnatomical dissections of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint were performed in six adult chimpanzees and 12 humans. The mass of each ligament and of the functional ligament groups were calculated relative to the total ligament mass and compared between the two species. The mass of the functional muscle groups relative to the total mass of the muscles of the radiocarpal joint was also calculated and compared between the two species.ResultsThe ligaments of the radiocarpal joint had similar anatomical characteristics in chimpanzees and humans. The relative mass of the palmar ligaments was greater in humans, while that of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament was greater in chimpanzees. In both species, the relative mass of the palmar and dorsal muscle groups was inversely related to that of the corresponding ligament groups.DiscussionThe greater relative mass of the palmar ligaments in humans may be related to the importance of wrist extension during manipulative tasks. The greater relative mass of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament in chimpanzees may be related to the need to stabilize the radiocarpal joint in flexion, mainly during arboreal locomotion.
Defect‐Free Alternating Conjugated Polymers Enabled by Room‐ Temperature Stille Polymerization
Authors: Ma Bowei , Shi Qinqin , Ma Xiaoying , Li Yawen , Chen Hao , Wen Kaikai , Zhao Ruihua , Zhang Fengjiao , Lin Yuze , Wang Zhixiang , Huang Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Stille cross‐coupling polymerization is one of the most efficient synthetic methods for donor–acceptor (D–A) type π‐conjugated polymers (CPs). Nevertheless, thermal‐activation Stille polymerization readily produced homocoupling defects, resulting in batch‐to‐batch variations in copolymers quality and deteriorating the device performance of electronics and optoelectronics. Here, a room‐temperature Stille‐type polymerization was developed, the utility and generality of which were demonstrated by synthesis of twelve D–A CPs with high molecular weights. Importantly, the resultant copolymers possessed no homocoupling (hc) structural defects, while hc reactions were observed in the thermal‐activation Stille reactions. Thus, the organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on the former exhibited twofold higher charge transport mobility (2.10 cm2 V−1 s−1), since it possessed stronger crystallinity and lower trap density of states (tDOS).
Synthesis of Axially Chiral Aldehydes by N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization Followed by Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Wu Yingtao , Li Mingrui , Sun Jiaqiong , Zheng Guangfan , Zhang Qian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAxially chiral aldehydes have received increasing attention in enantioselective catalysis. However, only very few catalytic methods have been developed to construct structurally diverse axially chiral aldehydes. We herein describe an NHC‐catalyzed atroposelective esterification of biaryl dialdehydes as a general and practical strategy for the construction of axially chiral aldehydes. Mechanistic studies indicate that coupling proceeds through a novel combination of NHC‐catalyzed desymmetrization of the dialdehydes and kinetic resolution. This protocol features excellent enantioselectivity, mild conditions, good functional‐group tolerance, and applicability to late‐stage functionalization and provides a modular platform for the synthesis of axially chiral aldehydes and their derivatives.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Membrane Based on Pillararene‐Intercalated MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Water Purification
Authors: Sun Yue , Yi Fan , Li Run‐Hao , Min Xuehong , Qin Huan , Cheng Shi‐Qi , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDischarge of antibiotic‐containing wastewater causes environmental pollution and threatens biological and human health. An efficient treatment method for this wastewater is urgently required. We prepared inorganic–organic hybrid MXene–pillararene nanosheets with a large lateral size (5–8 μm). The hybrid nanosheets were stacked on supports via vacuum‐assisted filtration to prepare membranes with regular parallel slits and an interlayer spacing of 1.36 nm, which were used to purify antibiotic‐containing water. Permeance through the membrane increased 100‐fold compared with most polymeric and other two‐dimensional nanofiltration membranes with similar rejection. This high permeance and rejection was attributed to the large lateral size of the nanosheets, regular interlayer spacing, and electrostatic interaction between the membrane and antibiotics. These membranes will broaden the applications of lamellar materials for the separation of high‐value‐added drugs in academia and industry.
An Artificial Light‐Harvesting System with Controllable Efficiency Enabled by an Annulene‐Based Anisotropic Fluid
Authors: Yu Zhen , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Chen Xu‐Man , Nie Zhen‐Zhou , Wang Meng , Yang Hong , Li Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of controllable artificial light‐harvesting systems based on liquid crystal (LC) materials, i.e., anisotropic fluids, remains a challenge. Herein, an annulene‐based discotic LC compound 6 with a saddle‐shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene core has been synthesized to construct a tunable light‐harvesting platform. The LC material shows a typical aggregation‐induced emission, which can act as a suitable light‐harvesting donor. By loading Nile red (NiR) as an acceptor, an artificial light‐harvesting system is achieved. Relying on the thermal‐responsive self‐assembling ability of 6 with variable molecular order, the efficiency of such 6‐NiR system can be controlled by temperature. This light‐harvesting system works sensitively at a high donor/acceptor ratio as 1000 : 1, and exhibits a high antenna effect (39.1) at a 100 : 1 donor/acceptor ratio. This thermochromic artificial light‐harvesting LC system could find potential applications in smart devices employing soft materials.
Preparation of waterborne polyurethane film based on spirooxazine containing hydrophilic groups
Authors: Wang Min , Cai Gang , Liu Guojie , Cui Congcong , Gao He , Gao Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe problem of poor compatibility between organic functional molecules and waterborne polyurethane systems has received widespread attention. Herein, in order to reduce the effect of spirooxazine introduction on the compatibility of polyurethane in aqueous systems, two novel spirooxazine compounds SO2 and SO4 with hydrophilic groups were synthesized and successfully introduced into waterborne polyurethanes by chemical bonding and physical blending. The results show that compared with pure waterborne polyurethane, the particle size of the waterborne polyurethane emulsion bonded with SO2 or SO4 (0.5 wt%) is significantly reduced, and the SO4 effect is more obvious. Therefore, SO20.5‐WPU (grafted with 0.5 wt% SO2) and SO40.5‐WPU (grafted with 0.5 wt% SO4) have more uniform film formation and higher light transmittance. Additionally, the physical blending of SO2 and SO4 has less impact on the mechanical properties and water resistance of the films compared to chemical grafting. Tensile strength was able to maintain 72.3% and 88.5%, and water resistance remained 77.5% and 68.5%, respectively. The films prepared by the two methods have good photochromic performance and fatigue resistance, but the spirooxazine in the chemically bonded film has better thermal stability. Therefore, we provide a new idea for the preparation of functional aqueous polyurethane.
Artificial intelligence changes the way we work: A close look at innovating with chatbots
Authors: Wang Xuequn , Lin Xiaolin , Shao Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn enhanced understanding of the innovative use of artificial intelligence (AI) is essential for organizations to improve work design and daily business operations. This study's purpose is to offer insights into how AI can transform organizations' work practices through diving deeply into its innovative use in the context of a primary AI tool, a chatbot, and examining the antecedents of innovative use by conceptualizing employee trust as a multidimensional construct and exploring employees' perceived benefits. In particular, we have conceptualized employee trust in chatbots as a second‐order construct, including three first‐order variables: trust in functionality, trust in reliability, and trust in data protection. We collected data from 202 employees. The results supported our conceptualization of trust in chatbots and showed that three dimensions of first‐order trust beliefs have relatively the same level of importance. Further, both knowledge support and work–life balance enhance trust in chatbots, which in turn leads to innovative use of chatbots. Our study contributes to the existing literature by introducing the new conceptualization of trust in chatbots and examining its antecedents and outcomes. The results can provide important practical insights regarding how to support innovative use of chatbots as the new way we organize work.