bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: A review
Authors: Lietor M.D.C. Molina , Cuevas I. , Prieto M. Blanco 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and by impulsivity. Although patients with BPD are misdiagnosed, some of them receive mental health treatment. Even if the first-line treatment of this disorder is psycotherapy, the patients with BPD may be highly symptomatic and are often prescribed multiple medications in a manner unsupported by evidence.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to study the available evidence about the pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder.MethodsA review of the available literature about the management of borderline personality disorder and de pharmacotherapy for personality disorders was performed.ResultsFirst-line treatment of the personality disorders is psycotherapy. The treatment plan for BPD may include individual and group therapy, medication, self-education, specialized substance use disorder treatment, partial hospitalization, or brief hospitalization during times of crises. Medications are generaly used only as adjuncts to psychotherapy and the adjunctive use of symptom targeted medications has been found to be useful. There is limited information to guide pharmacotherapy; preliminary evidence limits the practice of polypharmacy. Sympton-domain focused medication treatment is recommeded by some guidelines: cognitive-perceptual symtoms (low-dose antipsychotic drugs), impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol (mood stabilizers), affective dysregulation (mood stabilizers and low-dose antipsychotic drugs) and self-harm (omega-3 fatty acids).ConclusionsBPD cause significant distress and impariment of social, occupational and role functioning. The first-line treatment for BPD is psychotherapy; however symptom-focused, medication treatment of BPD is generally considered to be an adjunct to psychotherapy. The data support the efficacy of low dose antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers.
What lies underneath: The genetics and neurobiology of psychopathy
Authors: Lemos M. , Queirós T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by lack of empathy, grandiosity, an impulsive lifestyle and antisociality. Anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy are distinct concepts presenting different criteria. Most people with a diagnosis of psychopathy also meet criteria for ASPD while the reverse is not true. Along the years there has been an increasing interest in investigating genetic and neurobiological factors.ObjectivesTo analyze the neurobiological factors involved in psychopathy and anti-social personality disorder according to the scientific knowledge available.MethodsReview of scientific literature via PubMed search, using the terms “anti-social personality disorder”, “biology or etiology or pathophysiology and psychopathy”.ResultsThe strongest evidence base for a genetic pathway is associated with the low-expression variant of the Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAO-A) which is linked to the X chromosome. Other genetic factors involve the 5-HTT gene, dopamine receptor genes (DRD4 and DRD2) and genetic polimorfisms at SNAP25 t-snare protein, OXT gene and the CNR1 and FAAH cannabinoid receptor gene. Structural differences in the brain have been noticed such as reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, gray matter volume reductions in the mid-anterior insula and left anterior temporal cortex, subtle reductions in gray matter volume across several paralimbic and limbic areas.ConclusionsThere is considerable evidence regarding various possible underlying neurobiological processes in psychopathy although it is insufficient to suggest a single biological etiology and environmental influences cannot be excluded from a complete understanding of this disorder. The neurobiological correlates found hold promise for new research and treatment.
Indirect self-presentation of people with machiavellianism accentuation
Authors: Folomeeva T. , Fedotova S. , Beloglazov I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPersonal traits influence persons’ perception of the social environment. Therefore analyzing stories with the non-specific plot can enable to distinguish particular characteristics.ObjectivesThe aim is to determine the features of verbal self-presentation of people with high and low scores on the Machiavellian scale.Methods1. For the selection of particular participants, who have high and low scores, the questionnaire «Dark triad» of Egorova was used. 2. For collection stories of respondents, a series of interviews was carried out with extra stimulus. There were 20 conversations. Age was from 19 to 29 (m = 23; sd = 7,1).ResultsThe opportunity to predict personal traits in general stories was proved. There is a confrontation between the person and the world in the speech of the Machiavellians. Their stories usually have a strong hero, other characters are ignored by the main person. Machiavellians want a safe and calm place that allows them to be themselves. We assume that this is a consequence of the fact that they have to dissemble in society. This statement requires further verification Non-Machiavellians are concerned by the opinion of society, that affects their life and behavior. They act for the well-being of the world while their own feelings are being ignored. There is a feeling of guilty in non-Machiavellians’ tales which is connected with failures around them.ConclusionsThe study was piloted interviewing method (with stimulus material) for the study of indirect verbal self-presentation. Differences were found between the people’s self-presentation with an accentuation of Machiavellianism and non-Machiavellianism.
Just try it: A six months protocol for borderline personality disorder impulsivity and symptoms reduction
Authors: Martin S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBorderline Personality Disorder is defined from its impulsivity issues regarding relationships, abandonment and rejection issues and emotional regulation problems. This personality disorder issue are hard to treat and often related to poor treatment outcomes. Nonetheless, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy stands as a great therapeutical approach that can be adapted.ObjectivesWe tested a 6-month CBT protocol (ECCCLORE)-3 modules respectively working on emotion regulation, distress tolerance and relationships- in a French context to compare its effectiveness to treatment as Usual (TAU).MethodsWe recruited 56 patients suffering from BPD, 34 receiving ECCCLORE treatment and 22 receiving TAU. We assessed BPD traits, impulsivity with UPPS, aggressiveness with AQ12, Suicidal risk with SBQr and Hopelessness with H.ResultsOur results revealed the effectiveness of this 6 months DBT adaptation for decreasing BPD traits and most of clinical dimensions. The dynamic analysis revealed the mediating effect of AQ12.ConclusionsShortened treatment protocol are effective for reducing symptoms. Further research is needed to replicate these results.
Ptsd among a sample of french students: A misdiagnosed condition with many implications. preliminary results
Authors: Païs G. , Romo L. , Tarade E. , Vigne S. , Cassé L. , Chaudoye G. , Sweerts S. Julien , Zebdi R. , Fouques D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStudents often suffer from stress, anxiety and depression (Saleh et al., 2019). However, research on PTSD is scarce among this population.ObjectivesWe therefore wanted to explore the presence of PTSD and other psychopathological and psychological variables in this population.MethodsWe recruited 70 students -150 still planned- (22 years old, 70% women, 84.3% in the third year undergraduate) who filled out questionnaires at the university, after ethic committee’s approval.Results31.2% show PCL-5 scores in favor of a PTSD. The most frequently mentioned traumatic events (direct exposure) are physical assaults (49.3%), transport accidents (29.4%) and unwanted sexual experiences (23.2%). According to the Mann-Withney U test, if they do not differ from students without PTSD in the number of traumatic events encountered (LEC 5 ns), they show more stress, anxiety and depression (p <.02), more dissociative symptoms (p <.04), less social support available (p = .048), a gap between the importance given to studies as a value and action directed towards this value (p = .002), idem for leisure activities (p =.035), and more rumination (p <.001) and more experiential avoidance (p <. 001). These two latter appear to be powerful processes involved in PTSD, as the PCL5 score is 37% explained by avoidance and rumination, according to linear regression.ConclusionsThese preliminary results tend to show that PTSD should be investigated in students and seems to be linked to higher emotional difficulties, lower academic and social involvement. Rumination and avoidance could be an important therapeutic target.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and professional quality of life among psychiatric staff
Authors: Yaich K. , Omri S. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Bouali M. Maalej , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Charfi N. , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric staff could be exposed to various types of violence that might have potential consequences on their psychological balance.ObjectivesTo detect post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To assess the professional quality of life among psychiatric hospital workers.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric department of the Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax. The questionnaire study had three major components: the baseline participant characteristics,the post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist (PCL-5) for which a total symptom severity score cutoff of 38 was recommended as the cutoff for a positive screening test and the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL).ResultsThirty-one participants completed the questionnaire. The sex-ratio was 0.93. The mean age was 41.5 years. All participants were exposed to physical or verbal assault. Physical aggression was the most traumatic behavior reported by 39.3% of psychiatric professionals. A feeling of insecurity when performing professional tasks was reported by 93.3% of participants. Among participants, 41.9% expressed the desire to change workplace. The mean score on the PCL-5 was 21.6 ± 15.35. Five participants (16.7%) had a PCL-5 score ≥ 38. The Compassion Satisfaction mean score was 37.48 ± 5.64. The burnout mean score was 26.41 ± 7.3 and the mean score at the secondary traumatic stress scale was 27 ±6.7.ConclusionsPTSD could result from stressful events encountered in the course of managing patients in mental health departments. Attention to post-traumatic event interventions may be useful both to reduce the rate of PTSD and to improve the professional quality of life among psychiatric staff.
Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in family caregivers of psychotic patients
Authors: Daoud M. , Charfi N. , Omri S. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Bouali M. Maalej , Zouari L. , Thabet J. Ben , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAn association can be found between patient with psychosis and perpetrating acts of violence. So, the caregiving role can impact negatively on psychosis carer psychological health and wellbeing.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in family caregivers of psychotic patients following exposure to aggression.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out involving 95 family caregivers of psychotic patients followed in psychiatry. Data were gathered from caregivers about their experiences in providing care. Sociodemographic and clinical data of patients were collected from medical records.We used the perceptions of prevalence of aggression scale (POPAS) to measure the frequency and severity of aggression directed at the respondent in the past and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to evaluate PTSD.ResultsThe caregivers were male in 51.6% and with low educational level in 46.3% of cases. A rate of 75.8% of caregivers reported experiencing moderate to severe levels of aggression. More than a half of caregivers (54.7%) reported potentially significant levels of PTSD. Decreased contact with patient (p=0.01), male gender (p=0.00), older age (p=0.00), living far from patient (p=0.00), parent relationship of caregivers (p=0.00), diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (p=0.00) and poor adherence to treatment (p=0.00) in affected relatives were associated with the presence of PTSD following exposure to moderate to severe aggression.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need for interventions to promote family psychoeducation and to provide psychosocial support for caregivers of patients in order to prevent the traumatic impact of violence on them.
Prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder in children with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kallianezos P. , Bakola M. , Kitsou K.S. , Petropoulos C. , Sinopidis X. , Gourzis P. , Jelastopulu E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChildren with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The vast majority of TBI are of mild severity (MTBI), however, they may develop persistent neurophysiological symptoms.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of PTSD in children with MTBI in Western Greece.MethodsA one-year prospective study was conducted at the Children Hospital of Patras. A total of 175 children aged 6-14 years screened for risk of PTSD at one-week and one-month post-injury, completing the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ). The Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES 13) was administered to the parents, to inquire their assessment of PTSD in the children. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS v.22.0ResultsThere were 59 (33.7%) children (27.2% boys, 45.9% girls) whose screen result was at risk. At the rescreening one-month postinjury, 9.9% were still at risk. Parents assessed presence of PTSD in 19% of their children at one-week and in 3.9% at one-month post-injury. There was a positive correlation between parenting and child reporting on symptoms of PTSD in children. However, 23.4% mistakenly estimated their children did not experience stress while in fact they did and 24.2% mistakenly estimated the contrary.ConclusionsThe findings revealed the risk of PTSD even in mild TBI, justifying thus the screening to identify these children for intervention strategies. On the other hand, the rescreening demonstrated that not all at-risk children required intervention, since a natural remission in PTSD symptoms was observed one-month post-injury.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and stroke in the elderly
Authors: Chakroun M. , Ouali R. , Zribi O. , Turki M. , Aribi L. , Aloulou J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in survivors of acute life-threatening illness, but little is known about the burden of PTSD in survivors of stroke attack.ObjectivesThis study estimated the prevalence of PTSD in post-stroke in the elderly and to look for the factors which are correlated with it.MethodsParticipants were outpatients of Psychiatry B department in Hedi chaker University Hospital Center in Tunisia, over the age of 65, hospitalized in psychiatry for a major depressive episode, recruted between 2000 and 2015. The data was collected using a pre-established sheet containing socio-demographic information, the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of the depressive episode and the therapeutic data concerning the depressive episode.Results30 patients were included in this study with an average age (69 Y) and sex ratio (0.66). More than half (53.3%, 16 patients) had a history of chronic somatic disease. The average length of hospitalization was 26 days. The most frequent reason for hospitalization is sadness of mood (43.3%) with cognitive impairment as the predominant clinical symptomatology (40%). 93.3% of the population received as treatment an antidepressant mainly Fluoxetine (50%).Conclusionsclinicians should be mindful that PTSD can be a devastating mental health condition and should consider screening for PTSD in stroke survivors.
Spousal abuse and psychological repercussions
Authors: Kolsi S. , Hentati S. , Baati I. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSpousal abuse (SA) against women, by its frequency and its consequences on the health of the victims, is a public health issue. For this reason, the role of the physician is essential not only in the care of victims but also in the screening of psychological repercussions.ObjectivesTo study the risk factors associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in women victims of spousal abuse(SA).MethodsDescriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the National Health Fund of Sfax(CNSS)on 110 women who consulted during the months of October and November2019.The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the consultants were collected using a pre established form.We used a 10-item scale,the “Women’s Experience with Battering Scale” (WEBS),to screen women for SA.PTSD was assessed using a PCLS scale(17 items).Results(SA)was estimated at 57.3% in our population.The average WEBS score among abused women was 30.92.The prevalence of PTSD in abused women was 63.5% and the average PCLS score was 48.8.The somatic(p=0.049)and psychiatric(p=0.005)histories in the women who had experienced(SA) were related to the development of PTSD.The PCLS score was significantly associated with the WEBS score(p<.0001 and r=.76).The type of violence experienced (physical, psychological, sexual and material) was correlated with the development of PTSD;(p were respectively: <.0001; <.001; 0.02; <.0001).Similarly, repeated violence was strongly related to it(p<0.001).ConclusionsIt seems clear that the(SA)experienced by the women had a psychological impact through the development of PTSD.In addition,several other risk factors inherent to women can be incriminated in this disorder for which systematic screening remains a necessity in order to allow an apdate care.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
A new player in the field: Methylphenidate in post-traumatic stress disorder treatment
Authors: López-Escribano R. , Alvarez M.-J. , Muñoz-Padrós J. , Gutierrez A. Marzán 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCurrently available psychotherapies and psychotropic drugs for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly effective in a substantial proportion of patients. Dopaminergic dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of PTSD: intrusions, avoidance symptoms, anhedonia and emotional numbing. Dopamine reuptake inhibitors can be studied as novel drugs in PTSD treatment.ObjectivesExplore methylphenidate as a promising drug in PTSD treatment.MethodsCase report presentation based on the review of clinical notes and non-systematic review of the PTSD therapeutics state-of-the-art.ResultsA 72-year-old Portuguese male, a veteran of the Angolan War, sought medical attention four years ago after the death of his brother, which had happened three years before the consultation. The clinical picture consisted of re-experiencing the war and the loss of his brother, flash-backs, nightmares, irritability, a fear of losing control, inner dialogues with occasional intra-psychic voices, emotional numbing with the impossibility of developing loving relationships with his relatives, feelings of unreality, an episode of dissociative fugue and complaints of episodic forgetfulness and time warp. He was diagnosed with PTSD with dissociative symptoms, based on DSM 5 clinical criteria. He was initially treated with SNRIs and risperidone, with little improvement. A year ago, he suffered a flare-up, with suicidal ideation. He was prescribed methylphenidate 36 mg, with progressive improvement, persisting mild PTSD residual symptoms.ConclusionsThere is enough evidence of the dopamine involvement in PTSD, although research on dopaminergic drugs is scarce. Methylphenidate may be promising in the treatment of at least some individuals that haven’t responded to current psychological and medical interventions.
Phenomenological experience personality profile: A test to identify the affective dimensions of psychopathology in the context of precision psychotherapy
Authors: Sperandeo R. , Cioffi V. , Mosca L. , Muzii B. , Maldonato N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionArtificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly used to highlight refined qualifiers of pathologies and to build treatment protocols based on them. These possibilities open up new perspectives for personalized interventions in psychotherapy. The affective neurosciences that link psychopathological phenomena to the hypersensitization of emotional systems are an excellent field of application of deep learning algorithmsObjectivesIn this contribution we present the standardization of a psychodiagnostic test that can be analyzed with a deep learning algorithm for the development of personalized treatments for depressive disorders in a perspective of precision psychotherapyMethodsPreviously we have constructed a psychodiagnostic test that correlates the psychopathological characteristics to the emotional systems described in affective neuroscience. The construction of this test was carried out with the use of a neural network that discriminated 161 items from a pull of 300 psychopathological and character descriptions. In the present work, the 161 selected items were compared, in a sample of 600 subjects, with the measurement of sadness described in the Panksepp model. Comparation was performed with linear and non-linear statistical analysis methods.ResultsThe items emerging from the statistical analyzes as strongly indicative of a hypersensitivity of the sadness system outline a psychopathological profile for which it is possible to adapt specific psychotherapeutic treatment protocols.ConclusionsIn future prospect, neurobiological and psychophysiological variables such as heart rate variability, skin conductance and activity of the areas of the cortex, measured with a scanner of the near infrared photons, will be correlated to these descriptors of psychopathology.
Disordered eating and BMI predict negative body image
Authors: Fyodorova E. , Arina G. , Nikolaeva V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt is known that negative body image can cause significant emotional distress for an individual and thus lead to lower subjective well-being. Previous research has shown that both disordered eating and body mass are connected to negative body image.ObjectivesTo examine how disordered eating and BMI can predict different aspects of body image.MethodsA sample of 180 healthy respondents (152 Female, 28 Male, mean age 22,62±7,35) were recruited in Moscow. Disordered eating was measured by Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26; Garner D. et al., 1982), body image was measured by Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ; Cash T. F., 1990). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated on the basis of self-reported data (height and weight). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0.ResultsRegression model with both predictors determined self-classified weight (SCW; R2=0,569, p<0,0001), overweight preoccupation (OWP; R2=0,497, p<0,0001), body areas satisfaction (BASS; R2=0,259, p<0,0001), and appearance evaluation (R2 = 0,229, p<0,0001), but only disordered eating symptoms predicted appearance (R2 = 0,193, p<0,0001) and health (R2 = 0,036, p<0,05) orientation, and none of the predictors affected fitness or health evaluation and fitness orientation.ConclusionsSymptoms of disordered eating and body mass index in normal population can predict self-evaluation of one`s appearance as less attractive, body size as bigger and weight as heavier. Only symptoms of disordered eating predicted higher extent of investment in one’s appearance and health. And neither IBM, nor disordered eating predicted self-evaluation of one`s health and fitness or the extent of investment in fitness.