bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Janus kinase inhibitors and narrowband ultraviolet B combination therapy in non‐segmental vitiligo
Authors: Yousefian Faraz , Yadlapati Sujitha , Browning John C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVitiligo is a depigmentation disorder of the skin that occurs secondary to the destruction of melanocytes by an immune‐mediated process. Vitiligo clinically presents with depigmented macules and patches, most commonly on the face, acral sites, and genitalia. It can be characterized as generalized or localized based on distribution. The localized form can be further divided into segmental (linear, band‐like, or Blaschkoid) and non‐segmental vitiligo. The classical treatment of vitiligo includes topical steroids, pulsed oral steroids in unstable vitiligo, phototherapy, a combination of steroid therapy and phototherapy, surgical grafting, as well as intentional depigmentation therapy in severe cases. However, recent advances in understanding the immune mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo have led to the use of an FDA‐approved topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for vitiligo. Despite this novel therapy advancement, we recommend the addition of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) to JAK inhibitors in patients with extensive and progressive lesions, or those not fully responsive to JAK inhibitor monotherapy.
Therapeutic effect of alendronate in an experimental temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Acibadem Elif , Keskinruzgar Aydin , Bozdag Zehra , Yavuz Gunay Yapici 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease. This disease negatively affects the daily life, speech and chewing functions of patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of intra‐articular injection of alendronate to osteoarthritis, which has a protective effect on bone and cartilage tissue and helps reduce inflammation in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.MethodsA total of 24 Wistar albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups: study, saline, control and sham. In both saline and control groups, monosodium iodoacetate was injected intra‐articularly to induce osteoarthritis. Alendronate was administered intra‐articularly to the study group weekly for 4 weeks. In the saline group, saline was administered by intra‐articular injection. At the end of the 12th week, all groups were sacrificed. Mandibular condyle tissues were examined histopathologically.ResultsAccording to the results, osteoarthritic changes in the control group were higher than those in the study group (p < .05). No significant reduction in osteoarthritic changes was observed in the saline group (p > .05). Significant osteoarthritis findings were observed in all groups compared with the sham group (p < .05).ConclusionIntra‐articular injection of alendronate was found to have positive results on TMJ osteoarthritis. In addition, it was seen that alendronate has effects on reducing cartilage tissue degeneration and loss of matrix proteins.
Brain functional activity of swallowing: A meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Huang Haiyue , Yan Jin , Lin Yinghong , Lin Jiaxin , Hu Huimin , Wei Linxuan , Zhang Xiwen , Zhang Qingqing , Liang Shengxiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing is one of the most important activities in our life and serves the dual roles of nutritional intake and eating enjoyment.ObjectiveThe study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to investigate the brain activity of swallowing.MethodsStudies of swallowing using functional magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and Wan Fang before 30 November 2021. Two authors analysed the studies for eligibility criteria. The final inclusion of studies was decided by consensus. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis of these studies was performed with GingerALE, including 16 studies.ResultsFor swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral insula, bilateral pre‐central gyrus, bilateral post‐central gyrus, left transverse temporal gyrus, right medial front gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral cingulate gyrus. For water swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and the left pre‐central gyrus. For saliva swallowing, clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral cingulate gyrus, bilateral pre‐central gyrus, left post‐central gyrus and left transverse gyrus.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis reflects that swallowing is regulated by both sensory and motor cortex, and saliva swallowing activates more brain areas than water swallowing, which would promote our knowledge of swallowing and provide some direction for clinical and other research.
Functional connectivity correlates of attentional networks in insomnia disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Perrier Joy , Bruijel Jessica , Naveau Mikaël , Ramautar Jennifer , Delcroix Nicolas , Coppens Joris , Lakbila‐Kamal Oti , Stoffers Diederick , Bessot Nicolas , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryInsomnia disorder has been associated with poor executive functioning. Functional imaging studies of executive functioning in insomnia are scarce and inconclusive. Because the Attentional Network Test relies on well‐defined cortical networks and sensitively distinguishes different aspects of executive function, it might reveal brain functional alterations in relatively small samples of patients. The current pilot study assessed functional connectivity during the Attentional Network Test performed using magnetic resonance imaging in 12 participants with insomnia and 13 self‐defined good sleepers. ANCOVAs were used to evaluate group differences in performance and functional connectivity in the regions of interest representing the attentional networks (i.e. alerting, orienting and executive control) at p < 0.05, uncorrected. During the orienting part, participants with insomnia showed weaker connectivity of the precentral gyrus with the superior parietal lobe (false discovery rate‐corrected), while they showed stronger connectivity between premotor and visual regions. Individual differences in connectivity between premotor and visual regions correlated inversely with reaction time. Reaction times suggested more efficient executive control in participants with insomnia compared with good sleepers. During the executive control part, participants with insomnia showed stronger connectivity of thalamic parts of the arousal circuit with the middle frontal and the occipital gyri. Conversely, connectivity between the inferior and superior frontal gyri was weaker. Participants with insomnia seem to recruit more cortical resources in visuo‐motor regions to orient attention than good sleepers do, and seem to have enhanced executive control that relates to stronger connectivity of arousal‐related thalamic areas. This latter result should be treated with caution and requires confirmation.
Prompt engineering for zero‐shot and few‐shot defect detection and classification using a visual‐language pretrained model
Authors: Yong Gunwoo , Jeon Kahyun , Gil Daeyoung , Lee Ghang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZero‐shot learning, applied with vision‐language pretrained (VLP) models, is expected to be an alternative to existing deep learning models for defect detection, under insufficient dataset. However, VLP models, including contrastive language‐image pretraining (CLIP), showed fluctuated performance on prompts (inputs), resulting in research on prompt engineering—optimization of prompts for improving performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the features of a prompt that can yield the best performance in classifying and detecting building defects using the zero‐shot and few‐shot capabilities of CLIP. The results reveal the following: (1) domain‐specific definitions are better than general definitions and images; (2) a complete sentence is better than a set of core terms; and (3) multimodal information is better than single‐modal information. The resulting detection performance using the proposed prompting method outperformed that of existing supervised models.
E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 destabilises the B‐lectin receptor‐like kinase PID2 to control blast disease resistance in rice
Authors: Wang Ke , Li Shen , Chen Longxin , Tian Haoran , Chen Cong , Fu Yihan , Du Haitao , Hu Zheng , Li Runting , Du Yanxiu , Li Junzhou , Zhao Quanzhi , Du Changqing 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Previous studies have reported that PID2, which encodes a B‐lectin receptor‐like kinase, is a key gene in the resistance of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae strain ZB15. However, the PID2‐mediated downstream signalling events remain largely unknown.
The U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 (PID2‐interacting E3) was isolated and confirmed to play key roles in PID2‐mediated rice blast resistance. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that the armadillo repeat region of OsPIE3 is required for its interaction with PID2. Further investigation demonstrated that OsPIE3 can modify the subcellular localisation of PID2, thus promoting its nuclear recruitment from the plasma membrane for protein degradation in the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Site‐directed mutagenesis of a conserved cysteine site (C230S) within the U‐box domain of OsPIE3 reduces PID2 translocation and ubiquitination.
Genetic analysis suggested that OsPIE3 loss‐of‐function mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to M. oryzae isolate ZB15, whereas mutants with overexpressed OsPIE3 exhibited reduced resistance. Furthermore, the OsPIE3/PID2‐double mutant displayed a similar blast phenotype to that of the PID2 single mutant, suggesting that OsPIE3 is a negative regulator and functions along with PID2 in blast disease resistance.
Our findings confirm that the E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 is necessary for PID2‐mediated rice blast disease resistance regulation.
NDGA enhances the physicochemical and anti‐biodegradation performance of dentin collagen
Authors: Gong Shi‐qiang , Tang Lin , Liu Zhuo , Wang Xiang‐yao , Mao Jing , Li Shuai , Liu Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCollagen fibrils from carious dentin matrix are prone to enzymatic degradation. This study investigates the feasibility and mechanism of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), as a collagen crosslinker, to bio‐modify the demineralized dentin matrix.MethodsThe physicochemical properties of the crosslinked dentin matrix were characterized by swelling ratio, ninhydrin assay, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The collagenase degradation resistance was evaluated by measuring loss of dry mass, hydroproline release, loss of elasticity, and micro‐nano structure integrity. The cytotoxicity of NDGA‐crosslinked dentin collagen was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsNDGA crosslinked dentin matrix without destroying the integrity of collagen. Mechanistically, NDGA formed bisquinone bond between two adjacent o‐quinone groups, resulting in NDGA polymeric matrix in which collagen fibrils were embedded. NDGA modification could significantly enhance the stiffness of dentin matrix at macro‐nano scale. The NDGA‐crosslinked dentin matrix exhibited remarkably low collagen degradation and sustained bulk elasticity after collagenase challenge, which were attributed to decreased water content, physical masking of collagenase bind sites on collagen, and improved stiffness of collagen fibrils. Notably, NDGA‐crosslinked dentin matrix exhibited excellent biocompatibility.ConclusionNDGA, as a biocompatible collagen crosslinker, improves the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized dentin matrix.
Safety Evaluation of Far‐UV‐C Irradiation to Epithelial Basal Cells in the Corneal Limbus
Authors: Kaidzu Sachiko , Sugihara Kazunobu , Sasaki Masahiro , Nishiaki Aiko , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Igarashi Tatsushi , Tanito Masaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBasal cells in the corneal limbus play an important role in the turnover cycle because they are the source of all cells that constitute the corneal epithelium. We examined the penetration depth of ultraviolet (UV) light in the corneal limbus and assessed the safety of Far‐UV‐C on stem cells in the basal area of the corneal limbus. Rats were irradiated with UV at peaks of 207, 222, 235, 254 and 311 nm while under anesthesia. The UV penetration depth in the rat corneal limbal epithelium was wavelength dependent: 311 nm UV‐B and 254 nm UV‐C reached the basal cells of the epithelium, and 235 nm radiation reached the middle area; however, 207 and 222 nm UV‐C reached only the superficial layer of the epithelium. Porcine cornea, which is similar to the human eye in size and structure, were irradiated with 222 and 254 nm UV‐C. As in rats, 222 nm UV‐C reached only the superficial layer of the porcine corneal limbal epithelium. These results indicate that Far‐UV‐C, such as radiation of wavelengths of 207 and 222 nm, could not reach corneal epithelial stem cells, i.e. the cells remained intact. It is unlikely that the turnover of the corneal epithelium is obstructed or disrupted by exposure to Far‐UV‐C.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia subtypes: Comparing birth prevalence, occurrence by maternal age, and mortality in a national birth cohort
Authors: Peppa Maria , De Stavola Bianca L. , Loukogeorgakis Stavros , Zylbersztejn Ania , Gilbert Ruth , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based administrative data have rarely been used to compare the birth prevalence, risk factors for occurrence, and mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) subtypes.ObjectivesWe used a national birth cohort to identify CDH subtypes and compared their birth prevalence, relationship with maternal age after accounting for sociodemographic factors, and 1‐year mortality rates.MethodsLinked hospital admission and death records were used to identify isolated and complex CDH cases (involving additional anomalies) among singleton livebirths in England between 2002 and 2018. The prevalence of each CDH subtype per 10,000 livebirths was estimated overall and by infant, birth and maternal characteristics. The relationship between maternal age and each subtype relative to no CDH was examined using multivariable log‐binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs). One‐year mortality rates were examined using Kaplan–Meier curves and the hazard ratio (HR) of complex versus isolated CDH was calculated using Cox regression.ResultsAmong 9.5 million livebirths, we identified 1285 with isolated CDH and 1150 with complex CDH. The overall prevalence of isolated and complex CDH was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.4) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1, 1.3) per 10,000 livebirths, respectively. Only complex CDH was associated with maternal age. Compared with maternal age 25–34 years, complex CDH risk was elevated for maternal age < 20 years (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00, 1.72). Risk was highest for maternal age ≥ 40 years (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21, 2.15) although accounting for chromosomal anomalies attenuated the risk (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00, 1.92). The 1‐year mortality rate for complex CDH (33.1%, 95% CI 30.5, 35.9) was slightly higher than for isolated CDH (29.7%, 95% CI 27.3, 32.3) (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96, 1.27).ConclusionsMechanisms of occurrence differed between and within CDH subtypes and 1‐year mortality of complex CDH was slightly higher than for isolated CDH.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance photosynthesis and drought tolerance by regulating MAPK genes expressions of Populus simonii × P. nigra
Authors: Tao Jing , Dong Fengxin , Wang Yihan , Chen Hui , Tang Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote plants to absorb more water and nutrients and improve their stress resistance. As the main signal transducer, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a vital role in drought stress. However, how the MAPK family genes of mycorrhizal plants respond to stress is still not clear. Our study analyzed physiological indexes and expression profiles of MAPK family genes of Populus simonii × P. nigra under two inoculation treatments (inoculated with or without Rhizophagus irregularis) and two water conditions (well‐watered or drought stress). The results showed that the stronger photosynthesis of mycorrhizal plants may be mediated by MAPK genes induced by AMF. Mycorrhizal plants showed lower oxidative damage and drought sensitivity. Mycorrhiza downregulated the expression of PsnMAPK7‐2, PsnMAPK16‐1, PsnMAPK19‐2, and PsnMAPK20‐2 which negatively regulate drought tolerance and induced specific PsnMAPKs in roots which activate transcription factors to regulate downstream gene expressions, enhancing drought tolerance. This is the first time to identify part of the MAPK gene family of P. simonii × P. nigra at the genome level and study MAPK genes in mycorrhizal forest trees. This is helpful to understand the function of the MAPK gene family in response to drought of mycorrhizal plants and lays a foundation for afforestation by using mycorrhizal saplings.
Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hoffmann Beate , Aubry Emilie , Marmagne Anne , Dinant Sylvie , Chardon Fabien , Le Hir Rozenn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here, we investigated in Arabidopsis the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem's vascular system development to plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilization and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11 swt12, which has an impacted vascular development, displays an improved NUE and nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation, and vascular system development.
Involvement of ethylene in melatonin‐modified photosynthetic‐N use efficiency and antioxidant activity to improve photosynthesis of salt grown wheat
Authors: Khan Sheen , Sehar Zebus , Fatma Mehar , Mir Iqbal R. , Iqbal Noushina , Tarighat Maryam Abbasi , Abdi Gholamareza , Khan Nafees A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe involvement of melatonin in the regulation of salt stress acclimation has been shown in plants in this present work. We found that the GOAL cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was the most salt‐tolerant among the investigated cultivars, GOAL, HD‐2967, PBW‐17, PBW‐343, PBW‐550, and WH‐1105 when screened for tolerance to 100 mM NaCl. The application of 100 μM melatonin maximally reduced oxidative stress and improved photosynthesis in the cv. GOAL. Melatonin supplementation reduced salt stress‐induced oxidative stress by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced the glutathione (GSH) production. This resulted in increased membrane stability, photosynthetic‐N use efficiency and photosynthesis in plants. The application of 50 μM of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in the presence of melatonin and salt stress increased H2O2 content but reduced GR activity and GSH, photosynthesis, and plant dry mass. This signifies that melatonin‐mediated salt stress tolerance was related to ethylene synthesis as it improved antioxidant activity and photosynthesis of plants under salt stress. Thus, the interaction of melatonin and ethylene bears a prominent role in salt stress tolerance in wheat and can be used to develop salt tolerance in other crops.
ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE2 confers fungal resistance in sorghum
Authors: Mewa Demeke B. , Lee Sanghun , Liao Chao‐Jan , Adeyanju Adedayo , Helm Matthew , Lisch Damon , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSorghum is an important food and feed crop globally; its production is hampered by anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola (Cs). Here, we report identification and characterization of ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE 2 (ARG2) encoding a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) protein that confers race‐specific resistance to Cs strains. ARG2 is one of a cluster of several NLR genes initially identified in the sorghum differential line SC328C that is resistant to some Cs strains. This cluster shows structural and copy number variations in different sorghum genotypes. Different sorghum lines carrying independent ARG2 alleles provided the genetic validation for the identity of the ARG2 gene. ARG2 expression is induced by Cs, and chitin induces ARG2 expression in resistant but not in susceptible lines. ARG2‐mediated resistance is accompanied by higher expression of defense and secondary metabolite genes at early stages of infection, and anthocyanin and zeatin metabolisms are upregulated in resistant plants. Interestingly, ARG2 localizes to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Importantly, ARG2 plants produced higher shoot dry matter than near‐isogenic lines carrying the susceptible allele suggesting an absence of an ARG2 associated growth trade‐off. Furthermore, ARG2‐mediated resistance is stable at a wide range of temperatures. Our observations open avenues for resistance breeding and for dissecting mechanisms of resistance.