bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African vultures optimization algorithm for optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers
Authors: Gürses Dildar , Mehta Pranav , Sait Sadiq M. , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nature-inspired optimization algorithms named meta-heuristics are found to be versatile in engineering design fields. Their adaptability is also used in various areas of the Internet of things, structural design, and thermal system design. With the very rapid progress in industrial modernization, waste heat recovery from the power generating and thermal engineering organization is an imperative key point to reduce the emission and support the government norms. However, the heat exchanger is the component applied in various heat recovery processes. Out of the available designs, shell and tube heat exchangers (SHTHEs) are the most commonly adopted for the heat recovery process. Hence, cost minimization is the major aspect while designing the heat exchanger confirming various constraints and optimized design variables. In this study, cost minimization of the SHTHE is performed by applying a novel metaheuristic algorithm which is the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA). Adopting the AVOA for the best-optimized value (least cost of heat exchanger) and the design parameters are realized, confirming all the constraints. It was found that the AVOA is able to pursue the best results among the rest of them and can be used for the cost optimization of the plate-fin and tube-fin heat exchanger case studies.
Mechanical and tribological properties of a WC-based HVOF spray coated brake disc
Authors: Kılıç Halil , Mısırlı Cenk , Mutlu İbrahim , Timur Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed WC-based coating systems are generally used to increase engineering components’ wear resistance. This research presents the results of a comparative study conducted to examine the tribological characteristics of a new brake disc created with thermal sprayed WC-10Co4Cr coating. This study implemented braking tests on the WC-10Co4Cr coated brake disc against commercial friction material on a laboratory scale disc-pad tester and compared the findings with the reference disc. The coating system was created with a high velocity oxygen-fuel spraying on a cast iron disc. The braking tests followed the sections of the SAE-J2430 test procedure. The microstructure, phase composition and properties of the coating were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRD and Vickers microstructure. The effect of carbide coating on the friction and wear behaviour of the tribological system was examined. The WC-10Co4Cr coating has increased the hardness by 3 times with a thickness of 300 μm compared to the cast iron surface. The amount of wear in the coated disc (CD) was reduced by about 85% compared to the reference disc (BD). The coefficient of frictions of BD and CD was found to be in the range of 0.43–0.61 and 0.47–0.62, respectively. The inclusion of hard phases (WC and W2C) in the disc coating played an important role in improving the sliding wear resistance by maintaining the coefficient of friction of the brake disc at an acceptable level. In brief, carbide coating could be claimed to be promising for challenging braking implementations.
Contested Civic Spaces in Liberal Democracies
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert Graf , Toepler Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this introductory essay for the special issue on contested spaces in liberal democracies, we review how and to what extent the closing or shrinking space debate that has influenced the civil society discourse in authoritarian contexts presents an appropriate mode of analysis for similar, disconcerting developments that have been observed in liberal democracies. In particular, recent changes in Germany, Austria, Israel, and Greece are covered in this issue. We suggest that while shrinking space mechanisms are observable, civil society is nevertheless experiencing new activism and growth. In contrast to authoritarian regimes, spaces in liberal democracies are increasingly contested reflecting both a politization of issues that nonprofits, NGOs or CSOs are working on, such as migration and climate change, but also a new civic agency that expands the political dimensions of civil society, embracing its more political functions beyond traditional service delivery.
Clientele, Power and Family Bonds in Ancient Egypt: Building Social Links, Promoting Individual Strategies, Facing Kin Conflicts
Authors: Moreno García Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAncient Egypt provides abundant evidence about family strategies used by the elite to assert their authority, enhance their power in competitive settings such as the royal court and to preserve their resources (economic, symbolic) in face of rivals and newcomers. However, when some individuals obtained particular benefits from their service to the state (land, rewards, high quality goods, prebends), they tried to preserve these gains within their nuclear family and to avoid any claim or interference from other members of their kin. Tensions rapidly erupted so kings made a selective use of rewards and honors to break the solidarity of potentially dangerous noble families, to induce rivalries between them and to keep his central role as mediator between factions and source of legitimate authority. Temples were ideal arenas in which such tensions and strategies manifested themselves, bringing thus the opportunity to analyze the actual construction of power in ancient Egypt beyond ideological expressions and rhetorical claims.
Divine Payoff: Genealogies, Parasites, and the House of Marduk
Authors: Götzelt Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOverviews of social development in early southern Mesopotamia of the third to first millennium BCE, which prominently address the question of state formation, assume a trend toward ever-decreasing functionality of kinship attribution. The article attempts to justify in broad outlines, but by connecting one or the other finding, that this cannot be proven empirically and is theoretically implausible, considering that familiarity as a criterion of kinship was necessary to establish relationships of trust. This trust was the condition for the possibility of patronage and the imposition of power. The article investigates both by trying to find suitable social contexts in the early societies of this region by starting with cosmological designs. As actors of these mutual observations in the medium of power, the argumentation establishes the community and the Big Man, whose outsider position (but communal affiliation) it describes as parasitism. In terms of difference theory, the usual tendency to overlook the constitutive oscillation between communal participation and familial representation in these social systems by presupposing a concept of unity, such as a state, are thus shown to be misguided.
Inherited Political Structures in Ghana: What Role for Networks and Hierarchies in Explaining Their Efficiency?
Authors: Hahn Hans Peter , Gyedu Kwarkye Thompson 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper starts from the fundamental assumption that many political structures in Sub Sahara Africa are characterized by both networks and hierarchies that are shaping interactions and relationships in a manifold of ways. Based on ethnographic evidence from Kpandai district in Ghana, this paper provides answers to questions of complementarity and competition. The plural legal system that exists at the micro levels enables female customary leadership that builds on hierarchical grounds to maintain horizontal relationships. Thus, while maintaining vertical structures through hierarchies, Nawuri women leaders act via networks as interconnected nodes and maintain their independence as social agents for the benefit of their communities. Their roles are complementing male leadership and ensure the flow of authority, establish power, and provide a sense of security in supporting local governance and human security at the grassroots level. In all fields mentioned, female leaders are relying on the horizontal flow of command, consensus and control to maintain their status and remain relevant at the micro levels. This paper concludes by noting that the female customary leaders will continue to use networks to provide basic services in the district. This will not only guarantee efficiency of political initiatives but also harness and sustainable use of local resources.
Threats of Force to Synchronize Organism, Consciousness, Society, and Technology
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper discusses the state as a one-off invention in human societies replacing threats of violence by threats of force. The paper sketches a cognitive studies approach to the analysis of social institutions by drawing attention to the necessary differentiation and integration of multiple systems references of organisms, minds, societies, and technologies as a minimal set of variables describing the micro-diversity of social behavior, action, and experience any institution will have to respond to. Both kinds of threats are considered to control such a micro-diversity within a certain ‘form’ the state assumes to exert power and legitimate it. The paper does not go into historical, archaeological, or ethnological detail, but restricts itself to presenting the form of the state as a heuristic possibly useful in historical, archaeological, or ethnological research.
Modern era of double perovskite nano-phosphors: La2MgTiO6, Gd2MgTiO6 and Y2MgTiO6 – a brief review
Authors: Veena Vannadil Puthiyaveetil , Shilpa Cherlan Kottianmadathil , Jasira Seere Valappil , Nissamudeen Kavukuzhi Meerasahib 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Double perovskites, as a star material, are becoming a significant research domain due to their flexible structure, variable formulae, unique properties and wide applications. Trimming the materials into nano regime and introducing rare-earth integration would improve their properties and broaden their applications. The main purpose of this work lies in the comparison of luminescence properties of double perovskite nanophosphors La2MgTiO6 (LMT), Gd2MgTiO6 (GMT) and Y2MgTiO6 (YMT). A detailed list of numerous excitation and corresponding emission wave lengths are discussed. Various synthesis methods adopted for the fusion of these materials, which are reported till this date, are also considered. This study shall assist the scientific community to identify the suitable host for luminescent applications in the field of lighting, displays, illumination, biological imaging, biological sensing etc.
Dinámica temporal de erosión del suelo en café (Coffea arabica), Llano Brenes, Costa Rica
Authors: Palominos-Rizzo Teresa , Villatoro-Sánchez Mario , Alvarado-Hernández Alfredo , Cortés-Granados Víctor , Paguada-Pérez Darwin 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. La erosión hídrica es un fenómeno natural, acelerado por la actividad humana, que facilita la degradación de los suelos y el transporte de sedimentos a otras zonas. Objetivo. Cuantificar la escorrentía superficial y la tasa de erosión a escala de parcela, bajo eventos de precipitación natural, en un suelo Entisol sembrado con café (Coffea arabica) con sombra, y determinar la dinámica temporal y la influencia de los principales factores asociados con este proceso. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló en Llano Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Se instalaron nueve parcelas de escorrentía, los datos fueron recolectados entre mayo de 2018 y noviembre de 2019, cada parcela tuvo un medidor de escorrentía y un contenedor para la toma de muestras de sedimentos. Se instalaron tres sensores de reflectometría de dominio temporal para las mediciones de contenido superficial de humedad del suelo. El análisis de datos se realizó a escala mensual-anual, inter-evento e intra-evento. En la escala intra-evento se utilizó el modelo de infiltración de Diskin y Nazimov. Resultados. En los años 2018 y 2019 se obtuvieron, respectivamente, los siguientes resultados anuales: a) lámina total de escorrentía de 90,99 y 102,66 mm, b) concentración de sedimentos de 2,14 y 1,88 g L-1, y c) pérdida de suelo de 1612 y 1692 g m-2. Los mayores valores de pérdida de suelo se obtuvieron en octubre de cada año; el análisis intra-evento explicó la generación de escorrentía con base la lámina de precipitación y el contenido de humedad inicial en el evento. Conclusión. La tasa de erosión y la escorrentía medias anuales fueron de 1652 g m-2 y 96,8 mm, respectivamente. La lámina de precipitación, intensidades y contenido inicial de humedad superficial del suelo tuvieron un importante rol en la generación de escorrentía y pérdida de suelo.
Interpretation Problems Relating the Scope of Meaning of the Term “Person Single-Handedly Raising Child” in the Polish Law
Authors: Bobrus-Nowińska Ewelina 
Published: August 2022

Until the end of 2021, in accordance with the Act on Personal Income Tax (PIT Act), persons single-handedly raising children benefited from joint taxation with a child, while as of the beginning of 2022, they are entitled to the tax relief of PLN 1500. After growing criticism of the recent amendment to the act, our government decided to return to the former legal status. The aforementioned tax advantage, while being of great practical importance, raised and will continue to raise several doubts after the amendment. One of the most important issues is the precise definition of who is a “single parent” – whether this criterion is met when a child lives with one parent, but contacts the other parent and spends time with him or her occasionally, or when divorced parents have joint custody of a child. The Polish Deal (Polski Ład) partially addresses these doubts, but obviously does not dispel all of them.
Effect of L-arginine and Eugenol on Ram Semen Kinematic Parameters and Post Thawed Fertility Rate after Trans-cervical Artificial Insemination
Authors: Berean D. , Blaga-Petrean A. , Bogdan I. , Bogdan S. , Tamas-Krumpe O.M. , Cimpean R. , Pall E. , Nap M.E. , Bogdan L.M. 
Published: August 2022

Backgroung: Long term storage of spermatozoa is one of the most desirable tools of assisted reproductive technologies. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of two antioxidants on sperm kinematic parameters after the freezing-thawing process and the post thawed fertility rate after the trans cervical artificial insemination. Methods: Ejaculates from Lacune rams were collected using artificial vagina, were pooled and diluted using based extender (Biladyl, Minitube) and based extender with antioxidants (Eugenol, Arginine). Trans-cervical artificial insemination was performed with frozen seminal material in straws. Result: No significant differences were observed in samples cryopreserved in a base extender and in the base extender supplemented with Arginine. In Eugenol supplemented extender the kinematic parameters were significantly higher for p=0.5 (30.15% progressive motility after thawing) than in the others groups (23.57%, 24.38%). The fertility rate was higher for the straws conserved in extender supplemented with Eugenol (80%) compared with the base extender (55.55%) and the base extender supplemented with Arginine (60%).
Segurança alimentar e PNAE
Authors: Salgado Bárbara Teles , DelGrossi Mauro Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

O tema da insegurança alimentar voltou ao debate na sociedade durante a pandemia de Covid-19. O PNAE é um importante instrumento para promover os direitos relacionados à alimentação, além de contribuir para o fortalecimento da economia local e gerar renda aos agricultores familiares. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise qualitativa sobre a execução do PNAE no Município de São João d’Aliança – GO, especialmente sobre sua contribuição para a agricultura familiar local e os impactos e alternativas adotadas no período de suspensão das atividades escolares no período da pandemia de Covid-19. Para alcançar o objetivo pretendido foi empregado o estudo de caso por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, também foram empregadas as técnicas de revisão de literatura, entrevista semiestruturada e a observação, garantindo assim a triangulação dos dados obtidos e uma maior confiabilidade na pesquisa. No período anterior ao da pandemia, o município ultrapassava a quantidade mínima de aquisições da agricultura familiar (30%), especialmente devido à articulação entre os agentes públicos locais com a cooperativa local de agricultores. No período da pandemia, esta articulação teve continuidade com a distribuição de kits alimentares para famílias em situação de insegurança alimentar, superando desafios e inaugurando novas possibilidades.
Implementation of Health Protocols by the Community during Ramadhan and Eid al-Fitr 2021
Authors: Musthofa Muhammad Safrudin , Rizki Muhammad Ivan , Hasan Nugroho , Mustafa Alfian K , Widodo Ananda R , Rusdiyana Eksa 
Published: August 2022

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-GB">Covid-19 pandemic has changed human habit and mindset throughout world. Covid-19 has infected millions people globally in short period of time. This research aims to analyze the implementation of health protocols during Ramadhan and Eid al-Fitr celebration in the people of Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, and data was collected using google form to be analyzed later with percentage tabulation. The result shows that during Ramadhan, the implementation of health protocols involving wearing mask, washing hand with soap, limiting the activity of breaking the fast together reached 80.3% (self-protection), 70.8% (protection of others), but the enforcement of health protocols during Eid al-Fitr celebration reached 44.2% only. It is related to the society value still upholding the cultures of silaturahim(making friendship), shaking hand, and visiting each other. </span></em></p>
Hubungan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru PAUD pada Masa Pandemi di Kecamatan Laweyan
Authors: Yumna Mutia Shanaz , Wahyuningsih Siti , Rahmawati Anayanti 
Published: August 2022

<p>Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru, yang menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanyaa dugaan motivasi kerja guru yang tidak stabil akibat tekanan pekerjaan yang meningkat pada masa pandemi, sehingga dikhawatirkan terjadi adanya hubungan terhadap kinerja guru.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif yang menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasi. Peneliti melakukan pembatasan masalah terhadap motivasi kerja guru dan kinerja pada guru PAUD dengan kriteria pada guru yang menyandang status bersertifikat dengan jenjang pendidikan S1 di TK Kecamatan Laweyan. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik <em>Simple Random Sampling</em> sebanyak 42 orang guru. Teknik analisis <em>Pearson Product Moment</em> digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat hubungan antara kedua variabel, yaitu variabel motivasi kerja sebagai variable independen (X) dan variabel kinerja guru PAUD sebagai variable dependen (Y). Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya diuji melalui bantuan <em>SPSS 25</em>.Hasil analisis data diketahui nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 &lt; dari 0,05 maka dikatakan memiliki korelasi yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara X dengan Y. Koefisien korelasi menunjukkan nilai sebesar 0,641 yang berada pada tabel kategori tingkat hubungan yang kuat. Angka koefisien korelasi di atas bernilai positif, yaitu sebesar 0,641 maka arah hubungan variabelnya dikatakan positif.</p>
Human basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor production by codon optimization in rice cell suspension culture
Authors: Bastami Meysam , Hosseini Ramin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human basic fibroblastic growth factor (hbFGF), possesses several highly important biological functions, such as cell proliferation, protein synthesis and metabolism. This study is the first investigation to transfer a hbFGF gene cassette into rice cells. To improve the human bFGF expression in rice an optimized coding sequence was developed. Following synthesis, the expression cassette was constructed by fusing the PCR- amplified RAm3D promoter and terminator sequences to the codon-optimized hbFGF sequence. Then, the cassette was transferred into the pCAMBIA1304 shuttle vector. This vector also contained the RAmy3D signal peptide for the secretion of the recombinant protein into the culture medium. Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kanto 51) seeds were cultured on the 2N6PG medium composing of the N6 basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D for callus induction. Callus transformation was performed by employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. The verification of bFGF gene integration into the chromosomes of putative transgenic calli was carried out by genomic DNA PCR. A transformed callus line expressing the highest level of bFGF (38.1 mg/kg FW) was recognized by ELISA and selected to establish cell suspension culture. The expression and secretion of the recombinant bFGF into the culture medium in the developed transgenic rice cell culture was evident on day 3 after incubation of cells in the sucrose-free medium. The recombinant bFGF with a molecular weight of ~ 17 kDa was detected by the Western blot and SDS-PAGE analyses in the culture medium under reducing conditions. The purification of bFGF was performed using HiTrap Heparin HP column. The activity assay indicated that the rice derived bFGF stimulated the proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells similar to the commercial bFGF.
Effectiveness and Economic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Prostate Resection with a New Surgical Shear with Integrated Energy System: a retrospective study based on a tertiary hospital database in China
Authors: Gao Yi , Zhu Yu , Sun Fukang , Shao Yuan , Huang Tao , He Wei , Xie Xin , Chen Lu , Winberg Debra R. , Xu Danfeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Each year over 1.4 million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer. Surgical prostate resection offers patients with early-stage prostate cancer a high likelihood of remission and has low reoperation rates. A new surgical shear with integrated energy system (Harmonic ACE + 7) is an integrated ultrasonic and electrosurgical energy system that can aid surgeons in laparoscopic prostate resections. This study aimed to demonstrate the ACE + 7’s value by determining its effectiveness and economic outcomes compared to conventional ultrasonic shear (CUS) in a real-world setting.
Methods
This was a multi-center clinical study of adults with prostate cancer undergoing a laparoscopic prostate resection procedure with the ACE + 7 shear or CUS between August 2019 and April 2021 at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital and two affiliated centers. Demographic and diagnosis information, intraoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes, and total and categorical costs were collected. 1:1 Propensity Score Matching was performed to form the study population for each clinical group. Data were compared between the two groups using t-tests and chi-squared tests.
Results
The ACE + 7 was associated with a lower number of hemostatic clips used per surgery (12.8 in the ACE + 7 group vs 19.8 in the CUS group, P < 0.001), a moderate but not significant difference in average postoperative drainage duration (6.6 ± 2.2 d vs. 7.9 ± 4.1 d, P = 0.082), a reduction on total drainage volume (275.5 ± 374.3 ml vs. 492.9 ± 1495.0 ml, P = 0.321) and a lower average rate of postoperative hemostatic drug usage (16% vs. 52%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in total costs between the ACE + 7 and CUS groups.
Conclusion
This study provides real-world data demonstrating that the ACE + 7 shear with integrated energy system improves clinical outcomes compared to CUS and can offer cost savings for hospitals and health systems. Using the ACE + 7's during LPRs allows physicians to help their patients achieve better outcomes and not spend additional money.
Trial Registration:
This study is a retrospective, observational study based on data from existing Electronical Hospital Information System and no human intervention was involved.