bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Thornton Katherine A. , Baldini Elizabeth H. , Maki Robert G. , O'Sullivan Brian , Leyfman Yan , Raut Chandrajit P. 
Published: October 2022

OverviewThe management of soft tissue sarcomas is driven by the anatomic site as well as the histologic subtype of the primary disease. In this chapter, we focus on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to this diverse group of over 75 different tumor types.We will discuss in this chapter the etiology, clinical presentation, staging, histopathologic classification and prognostic factors for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Surgery remains paramount to achieving cure for the vast majority of sarcomas. We will discuss how adjunctive therapies, like radiation and chemotherapy can improve overall outcome, as well as highlight the limitations and unanswered questions, both with respect to local recurrence and distant metastases. Where appropriate, we attempt to link specific histologies or molecular changes to the therapeutic approach to disease. We hope to draw attention to the fact that in a field that has traditionally had stagnation in the development of new therapeutic strategies, there has been a renaissance of new molecularly and mechanistically targeted therapies helping to improve outcomes for soft tissue sarcoma patients.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Borate Uma M. 
Published: October 2022

OverviewPrimary, secondary, and familial myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) became a reportable group of malignancies in 2001. Over the past 20 years, there have been tremendous strides in genetic and translational research, which has influenced the pathological diagnosis and classification, risk stratification scoring systems, and genomic characterization of MDS. In certain cases, this has led to more personalized therapy options such as Luspatercept in RARS patients with SF3B1 mutations. In this chapter, we discuss the history behind the various MDS prognostic risk stratification and classifications. We also examine our current understanding of MDS pathophysiology, the complexities with establishing an MDS diagnosis including the evolving diagnostic criteria, and the use of next‐generation sequencing analyses. Then, we outline both the standard of care therapeutic options including hypomethylating agents, and their impact over the past decade, as well as multiple clinical trials and treatment options being investigated for MDS patients. Finally, we discuss what personalized treatments and possible preventative strategies we may expect to see – in the next decade – for MDS development in high‐risk patient populations.
Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Freedman Arnold S. , LaCasce Ann S. 
Published: October 2022

Overview
The malignant lymphomas are neoplastic transformations of cells that reside predominantly within lymphoid tissues. Although Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) both infiltrate lymphohematopoietic tissues, their biologic and clinical behaviors are distinct. They differ with neoplastic cells of origin, sites of disease, presence of specific symptoms, and response to treatment. Although both are among the most sensitive malignancies to radiation and cytotoxic therapy, their cure rates markedly differ. Hodgkin lymphomas are cured in nearly 80% of all patients employing both conventional and salvage treatment strategies whereas NHLs are cured in fewer than 50% of patients.
Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome
Authors: Hanel Walter , Chung Catherine , Reneau John C. 
Published: October 2022

OverviewMycosis fungoides (MF) and its leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome (SS), are the most common cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. MF/SS originates in the skin and presentation may vary from limited patches to erythroderma and/or widespread cutaneous tumors. Although patients with limited patch‐plaque disease generally have an indolent course with favorable prognosis and survival similar to age‐matched control populations, patients who present with cutaneous tumors or extracutaneous disease have a relentless progressive course of disease. Treatments for patients with limited disease are primarily skin‐directed and include various topical therapies including steroids, chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard), retinoids (bexarotene), immunomodulators (imiquimod), radiation therapy, and phototherapy. When the disease is advanced, skin‐directed therapies are still often needed, but systemic treatment becomes essential. Conventional chemotherapy (single agent or combination) is frequently not effective. However, nonchemotherapeutic systemic agents such as retinoids, extracorporeal photopheresis, histone deacetylase inhibitors, the interferons, mogamulizumab, brentuximab vedotin, alemtuzumab, and checkpoint inhibitors may achieve responses. Durable responses are not normally observed and patients will typically require multiple sequential therapies with different mechanisms of action to maintain adequate disease control. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant can be curative in select cases.
Antiemetic Therapy
Authors: Berger Michael J. , Ettinger David S. 
Published: October 2022

OverviewDramatic progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), especially since the introduction of the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists (5HT3 RAs) in the early 1990s and the 2003 introduction of the NK‐1 receptor antagonist (NK1 RA), aprepitant. Recent surveys indicate the need for heightened awareness of the frequency and severity of acute and especially delayed CINV. Fortunately, new agents have been added to the antiemetic arsenal to further enhance the efficacy of antiemetic prophylaxis. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture, and mind–body interventions appear promising in controlling nausea, and are being explored further. Appropriate implementation of guidelines for prophylaxis based on patient risk factors and the specific chemotherapy agents used will ensure that fewer patients experience these most distressing of side effects.
Neurologic Complications of Cancer
Authors: Castro Luis Nicolas Gonzalez , Batchelor Tracy T. , DeAngelis Lisa M. 
Published: October 2022

Overview
Neurologic complications of cancer and its therapy are common and being seeing with increasing frequency as many patients survive longer with better systemic disease control. Cancer‐related complications can be metastatic or nonmetastatic. Metastases in the nervous system can involve multiple anatomical sites (brain, meninges, spinal cord, nerve roots, and nerves), leading to a variety of clinical presentations, including focal weakness, sensory changes, and seizures. Nonmetastatic complications include metabolic derailments, hypercoagulability, and paraneoplastic syndromes, as well as complications due to cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy, radiation toxicity, and immunotherapy‐related neurologic syndromes.
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Complications in Cancer Patients
Authors: Bresalier Robert S. , Coronel Emmanuel S. , Zhang Hao Chi 
Published: October 2022

Overview
Gastrointestinal and hepatic complications represent some of the most common and potentially life‐threatening disorders associated with treatment of cancer patients. The expansion of therapeutic options for these patients has been accompanied by a growing number of direct and indirect consequences which affect the rapidly dividing cells of the GI tract. Cytotoxic, immunologic, and infectious insults often act synergistically to augment toxicity. Recognition of these complications, together with proper evaluation and management are key to the well‐being of these patients.
Endocrine Complications and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Authors: Yeung Sai‐Ching J. , Gagel Robert F. 
Published: October 2022

Overview
Transformation of normal cells results in activation and/or suppression of a number of hormonally active genes, resulting in ectopic humoral paraneoplastic syndromes. Treatment of cancer also results in a number of endocrine or metabolic abnormalities, most of which are related to hormone deficiency or drug‐related toxicity. Targeted therapy may disrupt signaling pathways involved in endocrine function, and immunotherapy has led to autoimmune endocrine dysfunctions. This article will outline ectopic endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes and the major endocrine toxicities of antineoplastic therapy.
Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Tyler Douglas S. , Phatak Uma R. 
Published: October 2022

Overview
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Improvements in education and performance of screening have led to a decrease in mortality and improvements in outcomes. Comprehensive management of colorectal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists in genetics, gastroenterology, radiology, radiation oncology, surgery, pathology, and medical oncology. New developments in cancer biology, medical therapeutics, and surgical techniques have also led to improvements in outcomes. Emerging concepts, such as total neoadjuvant therapy and watch‐and‐wait strategy for rectal cancer, are also changing treatment paradigms. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the current management and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Magnetically Assisted Rotationally Multistable Metamaterials for Tunable Energy Trapping–Dissipation
Authors: Seyedkanani Alireza , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA motif for rotational multistability is developed by arranging permanent magnets in a circular pattern and creating magnet pairs with magnetically induced negative incremental torsional stiffness. Through a set of experimental and numerical studies, different means to tailor the torsional response of a rotational magnet pair are demonstrated. A magnet pair in tandem with tilted elastic arms is harnessed to form an energy‐trapping rotational unit cell. By stacking several of these unit cells upon each other, a 1D rotationally multistable metamaterial capable of storing the input energy and releasing it in the form of rotational waves is developed. The periodic stable equilibrium states in rotational magnet pairs invoke the notion of cyclic multistability, which is employed here to realize, for the first time, a tunable fluid‐free rotary metadamper with energy dissipation induced by repeating snap‐back instabilities. High tunability of magnetic interactions offers a new design paradigm for developing reusable energy dissipative and energy trapping rotary metamaterials, the properties of which can be easily tailored in situ and even at the post‐fabrication stage.
Anion Additive‐Induced Size, Morphology, and Local Structure Tuning of Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Ze , Lin Chen , Wang Yilin , Niu Yangyang , Yan Jiaxu , Lu Min , Li Xiaona , Huang Ling , Xie Xiaoji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroducing additives during the preparation can effectively modulate characteristics of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that are pivotal to applications of the nanoparticles, ranging from bioimaging to super‐resolution microscopy. Unfortunately, anion additive‐caused changes in the characteristics of lanthanide‐doped UCNPs are almost unexplored, even though anionic species are ubiquitous. Herein, Na(CCl3COO), as a representative anion additive, is used to demonstrate that anion additives can tune characteristics of cubic NaYF4:Yb/Er UCNPs, including size, morphology, and local structure. Experimental studies, together with theoretical calculations, reveal that Cl− ions released from the anion additive can affect the growth kinetics and selectively cap on planes of crystals during the formation of the UCNPs. Consequently, tuning of characteristics can be achieved, which also enables the modulation of upconversion properties of resulting nanoparticles. Furthermore, the anion additive‐based modulation can facilitate the fabrication of ultrasmall UCNPs with bright luminescence and advance the upconversion‐based information encryption when other techniques are integrated. These results reveal that anionic species should be considered during the preparation of UCNPs, and these findings should shed light on new avenues to fabricate UCNPs with desired properties.
Ultrasensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection by Porous Silver Supraparticles from Self–Lubricating Drop Evaporation
Authors: Dabodiya Tulsi Satyavir , Sontti Somasekhara Goud , Wei Zixiang , Lu Qiuyun , Billet Romain , Murugan Arumugam Vadivel , Zhang Xuehua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work demonstrates an original and ultrasensitive approach for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection based on evaporation of self‐lubricating drops containing silver supraparticles. The developed method detects an extremely low concentration of analyte that is enriched and concentrated on sensitive SERS sites of the compact supraparticles formed from drop evaporation. A low limit of detection of 10−16 m is achieved for a model hydrophobic compound rhodamine 6G (R6G). The quantitative analysis of R6G concentration is obtained from 10−5 to 10−11 m. In addition, for a model micro‐pollutant in water triclosan, the detection limit of 10−6 m is achieved by using microliter sample solutions. The intensity of SERS detection in this approach is robust to the dispersity of the nanoparticles in the drop but became stronger after a longer drying time. The ultrasensitive detection mechanism is the sequential process of concentration, extraction, and absorption of the analyte during evaporation of self‐lubrication drop and hot spot generation for intensification of SERS signals. This novel approach for sample preparation in ultrasensitive SERS detection can be applied to the detection of chemical and biological signatures in areas such as environment monitoring, food safety, and biomedical diagnostics.
K3PO4‐Promoted Cycloannulation of (E)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones with ortho‐Hydroxy‐Chalcones/Cinnamates for the Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted 4H‐Benzopyran Derivatives
Authors: Jannapu Reddy Raju , Jagadesh Kumar Jangam , Rama Krishna Gamidi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractK3PO4‐mediated cycloannulation of (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones with ortho‐hydroxy chalcones/ortho‐hydroxy cinnamates has been realized to access 2,3,4‐trisubstituted‐4H‐benzopyran derivatives. A metal‐free tandem oxa‐Michael addition and cycloannulation allows the diversity‐oriented synthesis of the corresponding 3‐sulfonyl‐4H‐benzopyrans in good to high yields. More importantly, one‐pot three‐component reaction between (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones, 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes, and phosphonium ylides has been established for the synthesis of 4H‐chromene derivatives in moderate to good yields. Notably, this metal‐free process features a broad substrate scope and easy elaboration into numerous multifaceted chromene products, including bioactive estrone‐derivative. The present protocol is sustainable at the gram scale reactions, and post‐synthetic applications were also demonstrated. A plausible mechanism is also presented on the basis of existing experimental results.magnified image
Clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable colorectal liver metastasis with intermediate risk of postoperative recurrence: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Noda Takehiro , Takahashi Hidekazu , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Nishida Naohiro , Hata Taishi , Takeda Yutaka , Ohue Masayuki , Wada Hiroshi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Asaoka Tadafumi , Uemura Mamoru , Kobayashi Shogo , Murata Kohei , Satoh Taroh , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi ,   the Clinical Study Group of Osaka University (CSGO), Colorectal Group, and Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsRisk‐scoring systems for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after hepatectomy allow prognoses to be predicted preoperatively. We investigated the clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable CRLM according to patient risk status, aiming to determine the subgroup of patients who could benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsIn this multi‐institutional retrospective analysis, the preoperative risk score was calculated from six previously reported factors: synchronous metastases, primary lymph node positivity, tumor number, largest tumor diameter, extrahepatic metastasis, and the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level. Patients were divided into three groups according to their risk scores: low risk (score = 0), intermediate risk (score 1–10), and high risk (score ≥11). Overall and recurrence‐free survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. After propensity‐score matching in the intermediate‐risk group, we compared clinicopathological features and outcomes.ResultsThere were 318 cases, from 20 institutions. The preoperative risk score could be calculated in 277 cases. There were 34, 192, and 51 patients in the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. Intermediate‐risk group patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly better recurrence‐free survival than that of patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .0453). After propensity‐score matching in the intermediate‐risk group, the recurrence‐free survival rate was better in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .0261). But the overall survival rate was not improved after the matching.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable CRLM might prolong the recurrence‐free survival period for intermediate‐risk patients with preoperative risk scores in the range of 1–10, but the overall survival was not improved by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
A modified electrolyte non‐random two‐liquid model with analytical expression for excess enthalpy: Application to theMEA‐H2O‐CO2system
Authors: Akula Paul , Lee Andrew , Eslick John , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Miller David C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccurate thermodynamic properties of electrolyte systems are critical for the design and operation of many chemical processes. A comprehensive description of the thermodynamic framework for multielectrolyte mixed solvent systems is presented, where the parameter structure of the symmetric electrolyte‐non‐random two liquid (e‐NRTL) model is reformulated and a thermodynamically consistent and analytically derived formulation for the excess enthalpy is developed from the e‐NRTL model. The refined parameter structure of the e‐NRTL model avoids numerical singularities of the analytical formulation for the excess enthalpy in the absence of ionic species and extends the derived excess enthalpy formulation to non‐electrolyte systems. The thermodynamic framework is demonstrated for the MEA‐H2O‐CO2case study using experimental data on thermodynamic quantities for the binary MEA‐H2O system and the ternary MEA‐H2O‐CO2system. The model is implemented in Pyomo and will be available for release in the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) computational platform.
Prediction of testicular atrophy based on sonographic findings immediately after successful manual detorsion
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Urushibara Aiko , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Ohashi Kensuke , Kawashima Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and determine the sonographic findings obtained from manually distorted testes to predict testicular atrophy following manual detorsion.Materials and methodsTwenty‐two patients who had been diagnosed with testicular torsion and undergone manual detorsion were included. These patients were classified according to the presence or absence of testicular atrophy. The duration of symptoms, presence or absence of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis, and echogenicity (homogeneous or heterogeneous) within the affected testis were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.ResultsTesticular atrophy was detected in seven patients. There was a significant difference in the frequency of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis (with atrophy [present/absent] vs. without atrophy [present/absent] = 0/7 vs. 8/7, P = 0.023) between patients with and without testicular atrophy. No significant differences in the duration of symptoms (with atrophy vs. without atrophy = 7 ± 3.3 h vs. 4.7 ± 3.6 h, P = 0.075) or frequency of echogenicity within the testis (with atrophy [heterogeneous/homogeneous] vs. without atrophy [heterogeneous/homogeneous] = 2/5 vs. 2/13, P = 0.565) were observed between the groups.ConclusionsThis small cohort study suggests that the presence of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis immediately after successful manual detorsion is useful in predicting the avoidance of testicular atrophy.
Comparison of the efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion versus intramuscular injection of epinephrine for initial anaphylaxis treatment
Authors: Fujizuka Kenji , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Tamura Junichi , Kawai‐Kowase Keiko 
Published: October 2022

AimContinuous intravenous (CIV) infusion of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis may be required if symptoms do not improve after intramuscular (IM) injection. As CIV infusion permits precise dose adjustment, we compared treatment course and adverse events following CIV infusion and IM injection of epinephrine for the management of anaphylaxis.MethodsMedical records of patients, who were treated for anaphylaxis with epinephrine, were 18 years or older, and were admitted to our department from April 2005 to March 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were categorized as CIV infusion or IM injection, and treatment course and outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsOf the 142 eligible cases, there were 78 in the CIV infusion group and 64 in the IM injection group. The CIV infusion group had lower systolic blood pressure, more respiratory symptoms, and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, but required a lower total dose of epinephrine, had fewer adverse events after epinephrine administration, and showed lower incidence of biphasic reactions. In addition, compared with the IM injection group, time to administration of epinephrine was significantly longer (P < 0.001), but time to resolution of symptoms, both from contact and epinephrine administration, was significantly shorter (P < 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionContinuous intravenous infusion of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis may be safe, has fewer adverse events, improves symptoms, and is relatively easy to administer under ready conditions. CIV infusion of epinephrine may also reduce the incidence of biphasic reactions.
(Salen)Titanium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogen Atom Transfer for Epoxides Reduction
Authors: Xu Zhongyun , Shen Jian , Li Longfei , Chen Wanjiao , Li Shengxiao , Jiang Jie , Zhang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) represents arguably one of the most straightforward access to the significant chiral tertiary carbon centers, however, remains a long‐standing challenge. Herein, the first example of catalytic coordination‐induced asymmetric HAT reaction has been developed relying on a sequential (salen)TiIII‐initiated radical generation and (salen)TiIV‐controlled enantioselective HAT process. The reaction transforms easily accessible glycidic esters, thioesters and amides to synthetically valuable formal formaldehyde aldol adducts in an enantioconvergent manner, along with broad scope and highly regio‐ and enantioselectivities.