bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep-learning based raw waveform region-of-interest finder for the liquid argon time projection chamber
Authors: Acciarri R. , Baller B. , Basque V. , Bromberg C. , Cavanna F. , Edmunds D. , Fitzpatrick R.S. , Fleming B. , Green P. , James C. , Lepetic I. , Luo X. , Palamara O. , Scanavini G. , Soderberg M. , Spitz J. , Szelc A.M. , Uboldi L. , Wang M.H.L.S. , Wu W. , Yang T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector
technology has an excellent capability to measure properties of
low-energy neutrinos produced by the sun and supernovae and to look
for exotic physics at very low energies. In order to achieve those
physics goals, it is crucial to identify and reconstruct signals in
the waveforms recorded on each TPC wire. In this paper, we report on
a novel algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural
network (CNN) to look for the region-of-interest (ROI) in raw
waveforms. We test this algorithm using data from the ArgoNeuT
experiment in conjunction with an improved noise mitigation
procedure and a more realistic data-driven noise model for simulated
events. This deep-learning ROI finder shows promising performance in
extracting small signals and gives an efficiency approximately twice
that of the traditional algorithm in the low energy region of
∼0.03–0.1 MeV. This method offers great potential to
explore low-energy physics using LArTPCs.
Inequality of household consumption and PM2.5 footprint across socioeconomic groups in China
Authors: Zhu Yuhan , Chen Guangwu , Xu Lixiao , Zhang Ying , Wang Yafei , Liang Sai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted the challenge posed by increasing air pollution. This study allocates PM2.5 footprint to household consumption expenditure based on multi-regional input–output model and survey data collected from 30 000 households. The household indirect PM2.5 footprint related to spending on food, hospital, electricity, and education rank as the top four items, plus direct PM2.5 emissions, which in combination contribute more than 55% of total air pollution. Compared with the poor, the responsibilities for air pollution on the wealthy are more sensitive to changes in income, especially for high-end consumption categories, such as luxury goods and services, education and healthcare. Further, the wealthiest 20% of households cause 1.5 times the PM2.5 footprint per capita than exposure to PM2.5 emissions. The high-footprint household samples are concentrated in high-exposure areas. It is recommended that mitigation policies address inequality of PM2.5 footprint by targeting the top 20% of footprint groups with tags of wealthy, urban resident, well-educated, small family, and apartment living.
Classical string solutions in non-relativistic AdS5× S5: closed and twisted sectors
Authors: Fontanella Andrea , Nieto García Juan Miguel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe find classical closed string solutions to the non-relativistic AdS5× S5string theory which are the analogue of the BMN and GKP solutions for the relativistic theory. We show that non-relativistic AdS5× S5string theory admits aZ2orbifold symmetry which allows us to impose twisted boundary conditions. Among the solutions in the twisted sector, we find the one around which the semiclassical expansion in arXiv:2102.00008takes place.
The second Vassiliev measure of uniform random walks and polygons in confined space
Authors: Smith Philip , Panagiotou Eleni 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Biopolymers, like chromatin, are often confined in small volumes. Confinement has a great effect on polymer conformations, including polymer entanglement. Polymer chains and other filamentous structures can be represented by polygonal curves in three-space. In this manuscript, we examine the topological complexity of polygonal chains in three-space and in confinement as a function of their length. We model polygonal chains by equilateral random walks in three-space and by uniform random walks (URWs) in confinement. For the topological characterization, we use the second Vassiliev measure. This is an integer topological invariant for polygons and a continuous functions over the real numbers, as a function of the chain coordinates for open polygonal chains. For URWs in confined space, we prove that the average value of the Vassiliev measure in the space of configurations increases as O(n
2) with the length of the walks or polygons. We verify this result numerically and our numerical results also show that the mean value of the second Vassiliev measure of equilateral random walks in three-space increases as O(n). These results reveal the rate at which knotting of open curves and not simply entanglement are affected by confinement.
Methodology of fire risk analysis in electrical installations of a production facility
Authors: Nikolsky O K , Shlionskaya Yu D , Gabova M A , Kachanov A N , Chernyshov V A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article lists the principles of fire risk assessment and management of electrical installations, provides the main terms used in this subject area, and their meanings. The article also talks about factors affecting the magnitude of fire risk (risk-forming factors). Special attention is paid to the human factor. Formulas for probabilistic assessment of fire risks of electrical installations and an algorithm for assessing the fire hazard of electrical installations, as well as a scheme of the algorithm for calculating individual fire risk are given.
Methodology for comparing the energy efficiency of methods for regulating the performance of a blower station
Authors: Vecherkin Maksim , Sarvarov Anvar , Romanova Irina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A methodology for comparing the energy efficiency of different methods of regulating the total productivity of a blower station is presented. The basic principles of electrical modeling of duct networks are shown for the mathematical description of their properties and characteristics. The results of a comparison of the energy efficiency of regulating methods for a single fan and a group of five fans operating on a common line are presented. The conclusion about the high energy efficiency of the combination of start-stop control with smooth control using axial guide vanes for a blowing station of five fans is obtained.
Study of the thermal characteristics of the aluminum radiator ROYAL Thermo Evolution
Authors: Mar’ina Z G , Vereshchagin A Y , Novozhilova A V , Komarevtsev M A , Isaeva K O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The use of aluminum radiators in heating systems began with the foreign companies products such as Fondital Group, Global Radiatori, Ferroli, etc. There are now Russian aluminum radiators companies that adhere to European standards, for example ROYAL Thermo, Rifar. The thermal characteristics of radiators are usually specified by the manufacturer. However, they are not always confirmed in practice. This is due to the fact that radiator connecting method is not taken into account. In some technical data sheets, the power reduction factors are given depending on the difference between the average coolant temperature and the air temperature in the room. Therefore, the study of the influence of aluminium heating appliances connecting on its thermal characteristics is an actual task. The article presents the results of research of radiator of the ROYAL Thermo Evolution type, it was made on request from company specialising in heating systems design. It was found that the actual thermal power of one section varies in the range of 135 … 225 W, depending on the connection method of the radiator, the thermal power of the section declared by the manufacturer corresponds only to the diagonal «top-bottom» connection, the thermal power of the eight-section radiator with one-sided «top-bottom» connection is 12% higher than with a diagonal one. Studies show, when designing heating systems, it is necessary to take into account the connection method and the number of device sections.
Methodology for determining the flow rate and temperature of generated hot water when calculating the thermal diagram of a hot water boiler room
Authors: Gorshenin V P , Kachanov A N , Chernyshov VA , Korenkov D A , Maksimov V V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The consumption and temperature of hot water produced by boiler units are calculated using such a quantity as the consumption of the consumed network water. The formulas represent functional dependencies connecting the obtained values not only with the consumption of heating water, but also with the consumption of hot water supplied for recirculation, for own needs and for the needs of the fuel economy. They take into account the losses of network and hot water. The formulas are obtained as a result of the joint solution of the equation for the total consumption of hot water and the equation for its partial costs.
Modelling of Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant
Authors: Vaskov A G , Mozder N Y , Narynbaev A F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article highlights the problems of distributed energy generation and focuses on solar-diesel hybrid power plant modelling and optimization. Designing power systems based on renewable energy sources includes a very relevant task of building mathematical models of such systems and their elements. The article presents an approach and definition of mathematical models describing photovoltaic-diesel (PV-D) hybrid power system elements used in decision making processes as a part of PV-D operation control. An overview of PV module output power, performance and temperature models is given. Along with the analysis of the specific fuel consumption dependencies on the operating power of the diesel generator, an example of diesel power plant unit commitment is shown.
Method of calculation of water-diverting structures of low-head hydroelectric power plant for power supply of small power consumers
Authors: Zakharov Y Y , Lepeshkin A R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years and in many countries the economic development of distant regions is increasingly dependent on energy resources. This fact makes the world scientific community pay more attention to the renewable energy sources. Special attention is paid to the solar, wind and small hydropower for electrical consumers who have no possibility to connect to the central power supply lines. In the countries that have water resources the financial support is given to the development of small and micro hydropower stations. The present work presents the results of the research on the improved method of calculation of water-diverting structures of low-head hydroelectric power plant with an installed cross-jet hydro turbine that is actual for the power supply of small power consumers. The presented method can be used for the preliminary analysis of morphometric characteristics of water course as well as the basic parameters of a cross-jet hydro turbine.
Ensuring effective transit of electrical energy using the laws of environmental cybernetics and the foundations of automatic control
Authors: Kachanov A N , Chernyshov V A , Burova A Yu , Belikov R P , Garifullin M Sh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The necessity of constant monitoring and maintenance of the environmental component in the organization of electric energy transit is substantiated. An original technique aimed at improving the efficiency of the functioning of the air electric network, based on the laws of environmental cybernetics and the basics of automatic control, is considered. The proposed scientific tools allow you to automatically monitor and control all processes that affect the efficiency of electric energy transit from the point of view of its environmental friendliness, and also allows you to form optimal regulatory influences aimed at stabilizing negative processes and disturbing factors arising inside the artificial electrobiological organism “Electric Line - Nature - Man”, which violate the stability of its ecological state.
The Diagnostics of the rotor misalignment of a permanent magnet motor
Authors: Afanasev A A , Genin V S , Vasileva L N , Grigorev V G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model of the magnetic field in the working gap of a brushless motor is considered in a case of rotor misalignment arising during manufacture, for example, due to defects in end shields, or in operation due to bearing wear. a gap in a uniform (circular ring). The stator gearing is taken into account on average using the Carter coefficient, the magnetic field in the inhomogeneous air gap, created by the rotor magnets and the stator winding current, is assumed to be plane-parallel, having a two-dimensional character. It was found that the rotor misalignment associated with the rotational movement of the eccentricity causes nonsinusoidality of the idle EMF and pulsation of the electromagnetic moment with a frequency 3p times higher than the rotor speed. When the eccentricity is stationary, a variable EMF is induced along the rotor shaft, causing an alternating current in the circuit: shaft-bearings-bearing shields-stator housing. To clarify the nature of the defect in order to identify the actual misalignment of the rotor, it is recommended to control currents and voltages using specialized software and hardware complexes for spectrum analysis.
Fabrication of bioinspired grid-crimp micropatterns by melt electrospinning writing for bone–ligament interface study
Authors: Xiong Junjie , Wang Han , Lan Xingzi , Wang Yaqi , Wang Zixu , Bai Jianfu , Ou Weicheng , Cai Nian , Wang Wenlong , Tang Yadong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many strategies have been adopted to engineer bone–ligament interface, which is of great value to both the tissue regeneration and the mechanism understanding underlying interface regeneration. However, how to recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of the native bone–ligament interface including the structural, cellular and mechanical gradients is still challenging. In this work, a bioinspired grid-crimp micropattern fabricated by melt electrospinning writing (MEW) was proposed to mimic the native structure of bone–ligament interface. The printing strategy of crimped fiber micropattern was developed and the processing parameters were optimized, which were used to mimic the crimp structure of the collagen fibrils in ligament. The guidance effect of the crimp angle and fiber spacing on the orientation of fibroblasts was studied, and both of them showed different levels of cell alignment effect. MEW grid micropatterns with different fiber spacings were fabricated as bone region. Both the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralization results demonstrated the higher osteoinductive ability of the MEW grid structures, especially for that with smaller fiber spacing. The combined grid-crimp micropatterns were applied for the co-culture of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The results showed that more cells were observed to migrate into the in-between interface region for the pattern with smaller fiber spacing, suggested the faster migration speed of cells. Finally, a cylindrical triphasic scaffold was successfully generated by rolling the grid-crimp micropatterns up, showing both structural and mechanical similarity to the native bone–ligament interface. In summary, the proposed strategy is reliable to fabricate grid-crimp triphasic micropatterns with controllable structural parameters to mimic the native bone-to-ligament structure, and the generated 3D scaffold shows great potential for the further bone–ligament interface tissue engineering.
Effects of niobium pentoxide nanoparticles on the tribological properties of electrodeposited ZnNi coatings
Authors: Moreira H C R , Oliveira J A B , Carreño N L V , Silva R M , Garcia I T S , Costa H L , Alano J H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Electrodeposited ZnNi coatings are widely used to improve the corrosion resistance of steel substrates, but their tribological properties are also relevant for loaded contacts under relative motion. This work investigates the hypothesis of improving tribological properties of electrodeposited ZnNi coatings via dispersion of niobium pentoxide nanoparticles (1 g l−1) in the electrolytic bath. The niobium pentoxide nanoparticles were produced via hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were analysed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with x-ray dispersive energy, X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The tribological performance of the coatings was assessed using dry reciprocating ball-on-flat tests at normal loads between 3 and 6 N. The use of niobium pentoxide nanoparticles resulted in significantly denser coatings, with some Nb incorporated in the coated surfaces. Under the lowest normal load, all coated specimens showed relatively low friction (∼0.2) and negligible damage. As the normal load increased, the coating produced using niobium pentoxide nanoparticles showed stronger adherence, while conventional ZnNi coating showed increased friction and spalling for the highest load. It is believed that the Nb2O5 nanoparticles increased the number of sites for heterogeneous nucleation, refining the microstructure, so that tougher and more adherent coatings were produced.
Regulation on tribological performance of tungsten-doped DLC coatings by choline chloride-urea and-thiourea deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Yuting , Yue Zhaofan , Fan Qingbo , Li Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhu Minhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solid-liquid composite lubrication system has attracted an increased interest for low friction and wear. Nevertheless, the effect of mechanical and surface properties of the solid materials, especially the mechanical and surface properties governed by doping elements, on the tribological performance solid-liquid composite lubrication system is still not well comprehended. Here, we reported the effect of W content on the mechanical and surface properties of W-DLC coatings as well as the tribological properties of W-DLC coatings under (choline chloride-urea and choline chloride-thiourea) deep eutectic solvents lubrication. Although the wear of W-DLC coatings under dry friction increases with W content, the wear under DESs is slight when coatings show excellent wettability to DESs or a DES-derived tribochemical film is formed. We demonstrate that the tribological behavior of W-DLC and DESs composite lubrication system is related to the mechanical properties of W-DLC coatings together with the contact angle and tribochemical interaction between DESs and W-DLC coatings.
A review on thin films, conducting polymers as sensor devices
Authors: Elanjeitsenni Veera Prabakaran , Vadivu K Senthil , Prasanth B Mouli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thin film sensors are used to monitor environmental conditions by measuring the physical parameters. By using thin film technology, the sensors are capable of conducting precise measurements. Moreover, the measurements are stable and dependable. Furthermore, inexpensive sensor devices can be produced. In this paper, thin film technology for the design and fabrication of sensors that are used in various applications is reviewed. Further, the applications of thin film sensors in the fields of biomedical, energy harvesting, optical, and corrosion applications are also presented. From the review, the future research needs and future perspectives are identified and discussed.
Perspectives on manufacturing simulations of Li-S battery cathodes
Authors: Arcelus Oier , Franco Alejandro A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are one of the main contenders for next generation post lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As the process of scientific discovery advances, many of the challenges that prevent the commercial deployment of LSBs, especially at the most fundamental materials level, are slowly being addressed. However, batteries are complex systems that require not only the identifcation of suitable materials, but also require the knowledge of how to assemble and manufacture all the components together in order to obtain an optimally working battery. This is not a simple task, as battery manufacturing is a multi-stepped, multi-parameter, highly correlated process, where many parameters compete, and deep knowledge of the systems is required in order to achieve the optimal manufacturing conditions, which has already been shown in the case of LIBs. In these regards, manufacturing simulations have proven to be invaluable in order to advance in the knowledge of this exciting and technologically relevant field. Thus, in this work, we aim at providing future perspectives and opportunities that we think are interesting in order to create digital twins for the LSB manufacturing process. We also provide comprehensive and realistic ways in which already existing models could be adapted to LSBs in the short-term, and which are the challenges that might be found along the way.
Sharp quantitative stability for isoperimetric inequalities with homogeneous weights
Authors: Cinti E. , Glaudo F. , Pratelli A. , Ros-Oton X. , Serra J. 
Published: January 2022

We prove the sharp quantitative stability for a wide class of weighted isoperimetric inequalities. More precisely, we consider isoperimetric inequalities in convex cones with homogeneous weights.

Inspired by the proof of such isoperimetric inequalities through the ABP method (see X. Cabré, X. Ros-Oton, and J. Serra [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 18 (2016), pp. 2971–2998]), we construct a new convex coupling (i.e., a map that is the gradient of a convex function) between a generic setEEand the minimizer of the inequality (as in Gromov’s proof of the isoperimetric inequality). Even if this map does not come from optimal transport, and even if there is a weight in the inequality, we adapt the methods of [Figalli, Maggi, and Pratelli [Invent. Math. 182 (2010), pp. 167–211] and prove that ifEEis almost optimal for the inequality then it is quantitatively close to a minimizerup to translations. Then, a delicate analysis is necessary to rule out the possibility of translations.

As a step of our proof, we establish a sharp regularity result forrestrictedconvex envelopes of a function that might be of independent interest.
Perceptions, knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in older Portuguese adults
Authors: Silva Tânia Magalhães , Estrela Marta , Roque Vítor , Gomes Eva Rebelo , Figueiras Adolfo , Roque Fátima , Herdeiro Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public-health emergency of international concern. Most efforts to contain the spread and transmission of the virus rely on campaigns and interventions targeted to reduce Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal (VHR).

Objective
this study aims to assess the major factors associated with VHR in the older population in Portugal.

Methods
a nation-wide cross-sectional study was conducted in the older Portuguese population (≥65 years old) through computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the independent variables (perceptions, knowledge and attitudes) and of the outcome (VHR).

Results
the response rate was 60.1% (602/1,001). Perceptions, knowledge and attitudes were strongly associated with VHR probability. A 1-point Likert scale increase in concerns about the vaccines’ efficacy and safety increased the risk of VHR by 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–6.28) and 3.13 (95%CI: 2.08–8.22), respectively. A reduction of VHR probability for ‘reliability of the information released by social media’ (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.16–0.70) and for ‘trust in national and international competent authorities’ (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.17–0.69) is also observed per 1-point increase.

Conclusions
as VHR seems to be strongly associated with perceptions, knowledge and attitudes, the design and promotion of vaccination campaigns/educational interventions specifically targeted at changing these potentially modifiable determinants may help to tackle COVID-19 VHR and achieve a wider vaccine coverage.