bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric and sensitivity analysis of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems for development of novel design charts
Authors: Tiwari Saurabh , Sharma Pratibha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen storage is the biggest challenge towards the widespread utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier. One of the methods is solid‐state storage of hydrogen in the metal hydride, which is safe, volumetrically efficient, and involves an optimal set of operating conditions. However, designing reactors for metal hydride storage involves much thermal management since the absorption and desorption are exothermic and endothermic reactions, respectively. Many optimization and simulations are involved before arriving at a suitable metal hydride reactor design for a particular application. This study focuses on developing easy‐to‐use design charts to evaluate reaction fractions inside the metal hydride bed for various combinations of parameters. First, the parameters affecting the reaction fraction are selected, and the range for each of these parameters is defined. The dependence of each parameter on the reaction fraction is analysed, maintaining the mean value of the remaining parameters. The LaNi5 is used as a metal hydride for this study. A two‐dimensional (2‐D) mathematical model is developed to evaluate the effect of these parameters on reaction fraction. Further, based on this detailed parametric study, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to determine the most significant parameters. It was observed from this parametric and sensitivity analysis that among the considered parameters, the volume of the reactor (amount of hydrogen to be stored) and length to diameter ratio have a more dominant effect on the reaction fraction followed by supply pressure and thermal conductivity of metal hydride. However, the external temperature of heat transfer fluid (ie, the ambient temperature) does not significantly affect the reaction fraction. Hence, this parameter is assumed to be constant in developing design charts. Also, based on this analysis, the range of parameters is redefined for design charts. Further, this 2‐D mathematical model and parametric and sensitivity analysis are used to develop the design charts. These design charts use the most sensitive parameters and demonstrate the effect of all the other parameters on the reaction fraction. Finally, the method of using these design charts and their accuracy is explained for reaction fraction evaluation for a particular set of parameters. These charts are easy‐to‐use and accurate for the quick preliminary reaction fraction estimation for metal hydride hydrogen storage system.
Antinociceptive activity of theCaesalpinia eriostachysBenth. ethanolic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds in mice
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Yong , Lee Hee Jung , Zuo Guanglei , Hwang Seung Hwan , Park Jeong Seok , Hong Jae Seung , Kim Kang Hyuk , Soto Montero Silvia , Yi Dong‐Keun , Lee Jeong Tae , Suh Hong‐Won , Lim Soon Sung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCaesalpinia eriostachysBenth. (CE) is native to the Mexico and multiple effects have been observed from several plants belonging to the same family. CE was subjected to extraction with 95% ethanol, and the components were isolated through column chromatography. The structure of the compound was elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data, electron ionization–mass (EI‐MS) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass (LC‐MS) spectroscopy. In vivo antinociceptive studies were conducted using writhing, 5% formalin, tail‐flick, hot‐plate, and von Frey filament tests. The ethanolic extract showed a significant effect in the acetic acid‐induced pain model and nociceptive behavior in the formalin model (second phase). In hot‐plate test and tail‐flick test, the results showed no difference compared to the control group. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract may act peripherally to reduce pain. In the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced pain model, the ethanolic extract showed significant effect in the von Frey test model. Then‐Hex (Hexane) and MC (Methylene chloride) fractions and isolated compounds, ellagic acid and agathisflavone, showed increased effect. Based on these results, we confirmed that the CE ethanolic extract and their compounds, ellagic acid and agathisflavone, have antinociceptive effect on diabetes mellitus‐induced pain. Furthermore, the results of this study might be valuable for identifying compounds with antinociceptive activity from natural products.
Methylation classifiers: Brain tumors, sarcomas, and what's next
Authors: Koelsche Christian , von Deimling Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumor classification has evolved over the last decades with technical progress contributing much to our current concepts. Among diagnostic hallmarks, novelties were immunostaining, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Sanger sequencing followed by massive parallel DNA sequencing, and recently, epigenetic analyses have entered the stage. Although each of these techniques was revolutionary and, in some way, also disruptive in certain diagnostic fields, it took years to decades for broad implementation into standard pathological‐diagnostic algorithms. In contrast, DNA methylation profiling has been accepted in short time as a game changer with lasting impact on brain tumor classification and with potential for classification of other tumor types. This review provides a brief introduction in DNA methylation‐based tumor classification. We present why DNA methylation signatures are attractive diagnostic biomarkers, discuss present achievements and future aims and explain the integration of methylation‐based classifiers in diagnostic procedure. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities associated with DNA methylation‐based tumor profiling.
Multimodal brain deficits shared in early‐onset and adult‐onset schizophrenia predict positive symptoms regardless of illness stage
Authors: Feng Aichen , Luo Na , Zhao Wentao , Calhoun Vince D. , Jiang Rongtao , Zhi Dongmei , Shi Weiyang , Jiang Tianzi , Yu Shan , Xu Yong , Liu Sha , Sui Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncidence of schizophrenia (SZ) has two predominant peaks, in adolescent and young adult. Early‐onset schizophrenia provides an opportunity to explore the neuropathology of SZ early in the disorder and without the confound of antipsychotic mediation. However, it remains unexplored what deficits are shared or differ between adolescent early‐onset (EOS) and adult‐onset schizophrenia (AOS) patients. Here, based on 529 participants recruited from three independent cohorts, we explored AOS and EOS common and unique co‐varying patterns by jointly analyzing three MRI features: fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), gray matter (GM), and functional network connectivity (FNC). Furthermore, a prediction model was built to evaluate whether the common deficits in drug‐naive SZ could be replicated in chronic patients. Results demonstrated that (1) both EOS and AOS patients showed decreased fALFF and GM in default mode network, increased fALFF and GM in the sub‐cortical network, and aberrant FNC primarily related to middle temporal gyrus; (2) the commonly identified regions in drug‐naive SZ correlate with PANSS positive significantly, which can also predict PANSS positive in chronic SZ with longer duration of illness. Collectively, results suggest that multimodal imaging signatures shared by two types of drug‐naive SZ are also associated with positive symptom severity in chronic SZ and may be vital for understanding the progressive schizophrenic brain structural and functional deficits.
Impact of the Act‐Belong‐Commit campaign on mental health help‐seeking behaviour
Authors: Drane Catherine F. , Jalleh Geoffrey , Lin Chad , Donovan Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIssue addressedDespite the high prevalence of mental ill‐health amongst Australians, many people do not seek help for their mental ill‐health. A delay in help‐seeking is associated with poorer outcomes. This study investigated the extent to which the Act‐Belong‐Commit mental health promotion campaign prompted people to seek information or professional help for mental ill‐health.MethodsA sample of 1200 respondents took part in two state‐wide surveys (n = 600 each). Participants aware of the Act‐Belong‐Commit campaign were asked questions related to information‐seeking and help‐seeking behaviours because of the campaign.ResultsOf those aware of the campaign, 8% stated that the campaign prompted them to seek information and 4% stated that the campaign prompted them to seek help for a mental health problem. Those with a mental illness experience (MIE) were significantly more likely than those without to report that the campaign prompted them to look for information (12% vs 6%) and seek help for a mental health problem (9.5% vs 1.2%). Extrapolating these results to the total adult population of Western Australia indicated that around 120 000 adults had sought mental health information, and around 60 000 had sought help as a result of the campaign.ConclusionsThe campaign not only initiated the seeking of information or professional help for a mental health problem amongst those with no prior thoughts of such, but also prompted those who were already thinking about seeking information or getting help to act sooner than they otherwise would.So what?Although previous research suggests that mental health literacy interventions have limited impact on help‐seeking, the presented data show that the Act‐Belong‐Commit approach can have a significant impact on help‐seeking, particularly amongst those with a MIE, which could yield substantial social and economic return on investment benefits if intensified at both the media and community grass roots levels.
Association of vitamin D status with COVID‐19 disease severity in pediatric patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Heidari Solmaz , Mohammadi Shooka , Fathi Mohammadreza , Cigary Shayan , Alisamir Mohsen , Mirkarimi Mohammadreza , Aminzadeh Majid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsVitamin D deficiency is associated with increased vulnerability to respiratory infections. This study aimed to determine the potential relationships between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity, serum vitamin D concentrations, and some inflammatory markers among pediatric COVID‐19 patients in Iran.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among hospitalized pediatric COVID‐19 cases in Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) for 6 months. The COVID‐19 diagnosis was based on the real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction technique. Demographic and clinical data of patients were recorded. Patients with serum vitamin D levels lower than 20 ng/ml were assigned as Group 1 and those with serum vitamin D concentrations equal to or more than 20 ng/ml were considered as Group 2.ResultsA total of 144 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 80  ±  49 months (range: 1–16 years). Patients in Group 1 had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D, calcium, and lymphocytes, as well as higher fibrinogen, d‐dimer, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those in Group 2 (p < 0.001). In addition, they had a significantly higher dry cough, fever, chest radiographic findings, respiratory rate, and longer hospital length of stay than patients in Group 2. Serum concentrations of vitamin D were positively correlated with levels of serum calcium, lymphocytes, and neutrophils but negatively correlated with CRP, fibrinogen, and
d‐dimer values. Furthermore, patients with moderate or severe courses of COVID‐19 had significantly higher inflammatory markers (CRP,
d‐dimer, and fibrinogen), as well as lower levels of serum calcium, vitamin D, lymphocytes, and neutrophils than those with mild COVID‐19 (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, fibrinogen level on admission was detected as the independent predictor of severe COVD‐19 (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.09; p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study indicated associations between the severity of COVID‐19, serum vitamin D concentrations, and some inflammatory markers in pediatric COVID‐19 patients.
Mesenchymal stromal cells promote the proliferation of basal stem cells and efficient epithelization in organotypic models of wound healing
Authors: Paganelli Alessia , Benassi Luisa , Rossi Elena , Tarentini Elisabetta , Magnoni Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) represent a fascinating tool in the scenario of wound healing and regenerative medicine. Recent data already demonstrated that ADSCs could exert a stimulatory action on epithelial cells through secretion of soluble factors. The aim of the present study was to assess how ADSCs guide wound re‐epithelization in vitro in the presence of keratinocytes. We used an organotypic model of wound healing and we seeded keratinocytes on a ADSC‐induced dermal matrix. Conventional hematoxylin–eosin stain and immunohistochemistry staining for Ki67, p63 and pan‐keratins were performed at different timepoints. Histological sections of organotypic cultures showed complete coverage of the ADSC‐induced matrix by keratinocytes. Proliferation of basal stem cells was found to be the main mechanism responsible for epithelization of the dermis. In conclusion, ADSC do not only stimulate dermal regeneration through collagen deposition but also promote epithelization.Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine and wound healing.
MSCs do not only stimulate dermal regeneration through collagen deposition but also promote epithelization.
MSCs directly target the basal stem cell niche and promote its proliferation, migration and subsequent differentiation.
Structure of edges of embedded graphs with minimum degree two
Authors: Čekanová Katarína , Maceková Mária , Soták Roman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe weight of an edge is the degree‐sum of its end‐vertices. An edge is an ‐edge if and . In 1955, Kotzig proved that every 3‐connected plane graph contains an edge of weight at most 13. Later, Borodin proved the existence of such an edge in plane graphs with minimum degree at least three. If we consider a graph embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic, minimum degree at least three and sufficiently large number of vertices, then the existence of an edge of weight at most 15 can be proved. In this paper we consider graphs with minimum degree two, minimum face degree at least three, embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic. We prove that every connected graph with sufficiently large number of vertices, minimum degree two and minimum face degree at least , embedded on a surface with nonpositive Euler characteristic, contains an edge of type , , or if , , or if , or if , if , if , and if . We will also discuss the quality of our results.
Cutaneous metastasectomy: Is there a role in breast cancer? A systematic review and overview of current treatment modalities
Authors: Huang Samantha , Parekh Vishwas , Waisman James , Jones Veronica , Yuan Yuan , Vora Nayana , Li Richard , Jung Jae , Kruper Laura , Abdulla Farah , Fong Yuman , Li Wai‐Yee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCutaneous metastases (CM) are neoplastic lesions involving the dermis or subcutaneous tissues, originating from another primary tumor. Breast cancer is commonest primary solid tumor, representing 24%–50% of CM patients. There is no “standard of care” on management. In particular, the role of surgery in the treatment of cutaneous metastases from breast carcinoma (CMBC) remains controversial. This systematic review evaluates the role of cutaneous metastasectomy in breast cancer and provides an overview of existing treatment types.
Knowledge management, agile management, and the use of foreign languages—A theoretical analysis illustrated with the cases of Russia and Portugal
Authors: Tomé Eduardo , Gromova Elizaveta , Hatch Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the link between knowledge management and the use of foreign languages. In a globalized world, the mastery of foreign languages is a factor of business creation and business success. Of course, not all the national languages have the same international importance, and this is a double‐edge relation. In this context, we relate foreign languages, business, KM, productivity, and agile business. After a theoretical analysis, we address two different countries—Portugal and Russia. We conclude that investment in foreign languages is higher in Portugal than in Russia, probably due to the fact that Russia still sees itself as a superpower, whereas Portugal, (even if Portuguese is a language spoken worldwide), sees itself as a European Union member. As a consequence, and particularly in the last decade, Portugal has become more international (business is done in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish), whereas in Russia, the language is still seen as a big barrier to entry. In accordance with this situation, Portugal saw its level of knowledge‐related activities to grow more than Russia. This increase in turn led to a higher increase in economic and social standards and a higher increase in the level of agile related activities. These results mean that even when a country has as large a continental dimension, as Russia, it is useful to become global in linguistic terms.
Nitrogen addition mediates the effect of soil microbial diversity on microbial carbon use efficiency under long‐term tillage practices
Authors: Zhang Mengni , Li Shengping , Wu Xueping , Zheng Fengjun , Song Xiaojun , Lu Jinjing , Liu Xiaotong , Wang Bisheng , Abdelrhmana Ahmed Ali , Degré Aurore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTillage practices can influence soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The effect of tillage practices could also be regulated by nitrogen (N) addition. However, the soil microbial mechanism relating to N fertilizer effect on microbial CUE under no‐tillage (zero‐tillage) is still unclear. We investigated how N fertilizer regulates the effect of tillage management on microbial CUE through changing microbial properties and further assessed the impact of microbial CUE on particulate (POC) and mineral‐associated organic matter carbon (MAOC). For this we used a 16‐year field experiment with no‐tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), both of which combined with 105 (N1), 180 (N2), and 210 kg N ha−1 (N3) N application. We found that microbial CUE increased with increasing N application rate. NT increased microbial CUE compared with CT in the 0–10 cm. The bacterial and fungal diversities of NT were higher than CT and N application decreased their diversities in 0–10 cm. The partial least squares path model showed that bacterial and fungal diversity had a significant influence on microbial CUE. Furthermore, POC and MAOC under NT were higher than CT and they also increased with increasing N application rate. It suggested that increasing microbial CUE induced by N application had the potential to increase POC and MAOC. Overall, this study highlights that N addition can alter the effect of soil microbial diversity on CUE, which further improves our understanding to explain and predict the fractions of SOC (i.e., POC and MAOC) in tillage systems.
Hybrid‐Mode‐Family Kerr Optical Parametric Oscillation for Robust Coherent Light Generation on Chip
Authors: Zhou Feng , Lu Xiyuan , Rao Ashutosh , Stone Jordan , Moille Gregory , Perez Edgar , Westly Daron , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptical parametric oscillation (OPO) using the third‐order nonlinearity () in integrated photonics platforms is an emerging approach for coherent light generation, and has shown great promise in achieving broad spectral coverage with small device footprints and at low pump powers. However, current nanophotonic OPO devices use pump, signal, and idler modes of the same transverse spatial mode family. As a result, such single‐mode‐family OPO (sOPO) is inherently sensitive in dispersion and can be challenging to scalably fabricate and implement. In this work, a novel scheme is proposed using different families of transverse spatial modes for pump, signal, and idler, which is termed as hybrid‐mode‐family OPO (hOPO). The hOPO shows unprecedented robustness in dispersion versus device geometry, pump frequency, and temperature. Moreover, the hOPO is capable of generating a few milliwatts of output signal power with a conversion efficiency of 8 and without competitive processes. This hOPO scheme is an important counterpoint to the existing sOPO approach, and is particularly promising as a robust method to generate coherent on‐chip visible and infrared light sources.
Dual‐Band Organic Photodetectors for Dual‐Channel Optical Communications
Authors: Lan Zhaojue , Lau Ying Suet , Cai Linfeng , Han Jiayin , Suen Chun Wai , Zhu Furong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dual‐band organic photodetectors (OPDs) detect incoming light selectively in two different bands. This work demonstrates a bias‐switchable dual‐band OPD, achieving a fast‐switching speed of over 1000 times per second and a −3 dB cutoff frequency of > 100 kHz for high‐speed optical communications in two distinct bands, e.g., near‐infrared (NIR) and visible light. Visible‐blind NIR detection with a high responsivity of 435 mA W–1is realized for the OPDs operated under a small reverse bias of −1.0 V. NIR‐blind visible light detection with a responsivity of 325 mA W–1is obtained for the OPDs operated under a low forward bias of 1.0 V. Dual‐channel NIR/visible optical communication technique has been demonstrated, providing an opportunity for a plethora of applications in information electronics and the Internet‐of‐Things.
Nondestructive optical feedback systems for use during infrared laser sealing of blood vessels
Authors: Giglio Nicholas C. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesHigh‐power infrared lasers are capable of sealing blood vessels during surgery. A real‐time diagnostic feedback system utilizing diffuse optical transmission is characterized by nondestructive identification of vessel seals.Materials and MethodsFor real‐time diffuse optical transmission experiments, two approaches were studied. First, a low‐power (1.2 mW) visible aiming beam (635 nm) was used for diagnostics, co‐aligned with the therapeutic high‐power infrared beam (1470 nm). Second, the 1470 nm beam was used simultaneously for both therapy and diagnostics. For both studies, the 1470‐nm laser delivered 5 W for 5 seconds for unsuccessful seals (control) versus 30 W for 5 seconds for successful seals, using a linear beam profile (8.4 × 2 mm). Diffuse optical transmission signals were correlated with vessel burst pressures measured using a standard burst pressure setup.ResultsDiffuse optical transmission studies using the low‐power, 635‐nm aiming beam were promising. A decrease in the visible transmitted signal of 59 ± 11% was measured for successful seals versus 23 ± 8% for failed seals (p = 5.4E−8). The use of the high‐power, 1470‐nm infrared laser for simultaneous therapeutics and diagnostics proved inconsistent and unreliable, due in part to the dynamic and rapid changes in water content and absorption during the seal.ConclusionsA low‐power, visible aiming beam, integrated with the therapeutic high‐power infrared diode laser, may be used as a real‐time diagnostic system for indicating successful laser seals, based on significant changes in optical scattering and diffuse optical transmission between native and coagulated compressed vessels. With further development, this simple and inexpensive optical feedback system may be integrated into a laparoscopic device for laser de‐activation upon successful vessel sealing.