bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large discrepancy between observed and modeled wintertime tropospheric NO2 variabilities due to COVID-19 controls in China
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Jiang Zhe , Li Rui , Liao Chenggong , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Jones Dylan B A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated the difficulties to explain observed tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) variabilities over the United States and Europe, but thorough analysis for the impacts on tropospheric NO2 in China is still lacking. Here we provide a comparative analysis for the observed and modeled (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chem) tropospheric NO2 in early 2020 in China. Both ozone monitoring instrument and surface NO2 measurements show marked decreases in NO2 abundances due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) controls. However, we find a large discrepancy between observed and modeled NO2 changes over highly polluted provinces: the observed reductions in tropospheric NO2 columns are about 40% lower than those in surface NO2 concentrations. By contrast, the modeled reductions in tropospheric NO2 columns are about two times higher than those in surface NO2 concentrations. This discrepancy could be driven by the combined effects from uncertainties in simulations and observations, associated with possible inaccurate simulations of lower tropospheric NO2, larger uncertainties in the modeled interannual variabilities of NO2 columns, as well as insufficient consideration of aerosol effects and a priori NO2 variability in satellite retrievals. In addition, our analysis suggests a small influence from free tropospheric NO2 backgrounds in E. China in winter. This work demonstrates the challenge to interpret wintertime tropospheric NO2 changes in China, highlighting the importance of integrating surface NO2 observations to provide better analysis for NO2 variabilities.
No-go theorems for deterministic purification and probabilistic enhancement of coherence
Authors: Ding Qiming , Liu Quancheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The manipulation of quantum coherence is one of the principal issues in the resource theory of coherence, with two critical topics being the purification and enhancement of coherence. Here, we present two no-go theorems for the deterministic purification of coherence and the probabilistic enhancement of coherence, respectively. Specifically, we prove that a quantum state cannot be deterministically purified if it can be expressed as a convex combination of an incoherent state and a coherent state. Besides, we give an easy-to-verified sufficient and necessary condition to determine whether a state can be probabilistically enhanced via a stochastic strictly incoherent operation. Our findings provide two feasibility criteria for the deterministic purification and the probabilistic enhancement of coherence, respectively. These results have repercussions on the understanding of quantum coherence in real quantum systems.
Identifying and Alleviating Bias Due to Differential Depletion of Susceptible People in Postmarketing Evaluations of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Schrag Stephanie J , Verani Jennifer R , Lipsitch Marc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have provided key information about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines’ efficacy and effectiveness (VE). One important question that remains is whether the protection conferred by vaccines wanes over time. However, estimates over time are subject to bias from differential depletion of susceptible individuals between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. We examined the extent to which biases occur under different scenarios and assessed whether serological testing has the potential to correct this bias. By identifying nonvaccine antibodies, these tests could identify individuals with prior infection. We found that in scenarios with high baseline VE, differential depletion of susceptible individuals created minimal bias in VE estimates, suggesting that any observed declines are likely not due to spurious waning alone. However, if baseline VE was lower, the bias for leaky vaccines (which reduce individual probability of infection given contact) was larger and should be corrected for by excluding individuals with past infection if the mechanism is known to be leaky. Conducting analyses both unadjusted and adjusted for past infection could give lower and upper bounds for the true VE. Studies of VE should therefore enroll individuals regardless of prior infection history but also collect information, ideally through serological testing, on this critical variable.
HCRNet: high-throughput circRNA-binding event identification from CLIP-seq data using deep temporal convolutional network
Authors: Yang Yuning , Hou Zilong , Wang Yansong , Ma Hongli , Sun Pingping , Ma Zhiqiang , Wong Ka-Chun , Li Xiangtao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying genome-wide binding events between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can greatly facilitate our understanding of functional mechanisms within circRNAs. Thanks to the development of cross-linked immunoprecipitation sequencing technology, large amounts of genome-wide circRNA binding event data have accumulated, providing opportunities for designing high-performance computational models to discriminate RBP interaction sites and thus to interpret the biological significance of circRNAs. Unfortunately, there are still no computational models sufficiently flexible to accommodate circRNAs from different data scales and with various degrees of feature representation. Here, we present HCRNet, a novel end-to-end framework for identification of circRNA-RBP binding events. To capture the hierarchical relationships, the multi-source biological information is fused to represent circRNAs, including various natural language sequence features. Furthermore, a deep temporal convolutional network incorporating global expectation pooling was developed to exploit the latent nucleotide dependencies in an exhaustive manner. We benchmarked HCRNet on 37 circRNA datasets and 31 linear RNA datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. To evaluate further the model’s robustness, we performed HCRNet on a full-length dataset containing 740 circRNAs. Results indicate that HCRNet generally outperforms existing methods. In addition, motif analyses were conducted to exhibit the interpretability of HCRNet on circRNAs. All supporting source code and data can be downloaded from https://github.com/yangyn533/HCRNet and https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16943722.v1. And the web server of HCRNet is publicly accessible at http://39.104.118.143:5001/.
Preparation of a New Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Monitoring of Phenobarbital in Urine Samples
Authors: Rahimi Marzieh , Bahar Soleiman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A simple solid-phase microextraction technique using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP-SPME) was prepared to monitor phenobarbital in urine samples. In this technique, the fiber was prepared via insertion of the modified stainless-steel wire in the reaction solution including 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of an acidic catalyst (acetic acid). The fabricated MIP-SPME fiber was utilized to selectively extract phenobarbital from urine samples and prepare it for detection through high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The synthesized MIPs were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The effects of various influencing factors on the extraction yield of phenobarbital were considered and optimized. The conditions that yielded the maximum extraction efficiency were as follows: pH of 5, 25 min extraction time, 500 rpm stirring rate, 15 min desorption time and using methanol as elution solvent. Within the range of concentrations of 0.02 to 100 μg mL−1, the method had linear characteristics, with a suitable coefficient of determination (0.9983). We determined limits of detection and limits of quantification to be 9.88 and 32.9 ng mL−1, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the prepared fibers were 4.6 and 6.5%, respectively.
Chinese Public Opinion about US–China Relations from Trump to Biden
Authors: Fang Songying , Li Xiaojun , Liu Adam Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Numerous public opinion surveys have found that Americans’ views of China have become extremely negative in recent years. Much less is understood about the trends in Chinese views of the USA and the countries’ bilateral relations. As leaders in both countries have come under public pressure about their policy stances toward the other side, it is critical to fill the gap. This study develops a theoretical argument about how a concern for political legitimacy may allow public opinion to influence foreign policy making in authoritarian countries, and it presents findings from a two-wave public opinion survey in China conducted before and after the 2020 US presidential election. The results show that Chinese evaluations of the bilateral relationship and of the USA slumped during the Trump era but rebounded somewhat after Biden took office. In addition, the majority of Chinese respondents believed their country to be the world’s largest and leading economy and favored China being the world’s leading power, either by itself or alongside the USA. Furthermore, younger and more educated respondents held more negative views, although these were mitigated by personal connections with and experiences in the USA. These findings have important policy implications.
Efficacy and safety of warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and CKD G3–G5D
Authors: Welander Frida , Renlund Henrik , Dimény Emöke , Holmberg Henrik , Själander Anders 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundObservational data comparing warfarin with no treatment for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and severely reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are conflicting and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking. Most studies do not provide information on warfarin treatment quality, making them difficult to compare.MethodsThis national cohort study investigates the risk of ischaemic stroke and major bleeding during warfarin treatment compared with no oral anticoagulants in patients with NVAF, GFR category 3–5 (G3–G5) or on dialysis (G5D), with kidney transplant recipients excluded, between 2009 and 2018. Data extracted from high-quality Swedish national healthcare registries, including the Swedish Renal Registry, AuriculA—the Swedish national quality registry for atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation—and the Stroke Registry.ResultsAt enrolment of 12 106 patients, 21.4% were G3, 43.5% were G4, 11.6% were G5 and 23.6% were G5D. The mean time in the therapeutic range was 70%. Warfarin compared with no treatment showed a lower risk for ischaemic stroke for G3 {hazard ratio [HR] 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.76]}, G4 [0.53 (0.38–0.74)] and G5D [0.49 (0.30–0.79)] and an increased risk of major bleeding in G4 [HR 1.22 (1.02–1.46)], G5 [1.52 (1.15–2.01)] and G5D [1.23 (1.00–1.51)]. All-cause mortality was more than halved on warfarin compared with no treatment in all GFR categories.ConclusionsWarfarin treatment is associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke for patients with NVAF and G3, G4 and G5D at the cost of a higher risk of major bleeding for G4–G5D. Existing observational data are conflicting, stressing the need for RCTs on warfarin compared with no treatment in G4–G5D. Awaiting RCTs, it seems reasonable to treat selected patients on dialysis and NVAF with warfarin.
Management of acute renal replacement therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients
Authors: Del Risco-Zevallos Jimena , Andújar Alicia Molina , Piñeiro Gastón , Reverter Enric , Toapanta Néstor David , Sanz Miquel , Blasco Miquel , Fernández Javier , Poch Esteban 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTRenal replacement therapy (RRT) in cirrhotic patients encompasses a number of issues related to the particular characteristics of this population, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The short-term prognosis of cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury is poor, with a mortality rate higher than 65% in patients with RRT requirement, raising questions about the futility of its initiation. Regarding the management of the RRT itself, there is still no consensus with respect to the modality (continuous versus intermittent) or the anticoagulation required to improve the circuit life, which is shorter than similar at-risk populations, despite the altered haemostasis in traditional coagulation tests frequently found in these patients. Furthermore, volume management is one of the most complex issues in this cohort, where tools used for ambulatory dialysis have not yet been successfully reproducible in the ICU setting.This review attempts to shed light on the management of acute RRT in the critically ill cirrhotic population based on the current evidence and the newly available tools. We will discuss the timing of RRT initiation and cessation, the modality, anticoagulation and fluid management, as well as the outcomes of the RRT in this population, and provide a brief review of the albumin extracorporeal dialysis from the point of view of a nephrologist.
Classically boosted network embeddings
Authors: Nishimura Joel , Zhao Yunpeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Network embeddings are a popular and effective pre-processing step when performing machine learning with network data. We demonstrate that standard boosting techniques, AdaBoost and Real AdaBoost can be applied to network embedding techniques to increase performance, particularly in terms of link prediction on test data in a cross-validation context. These approaches produce results competitive with other state-of-the-art embedding approaches when applied to a number of empirical networks. Additionally, we show on simulated data that Real AdaBoost can de-aggregate some networks, wherein networks created by two independent latent features can have those separate latent features inferred by different boosted rounds. Further analysis of the performance of these boosted methods shows that they retain the characteristic robustness to over-fitting as boosting methods in classical settings.
Predictive ability of the sequential organ failure assessment score for in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiac critical illnesses: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Nishimoto Yuji , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Nakajima Mikio , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Goto Tadahiro , Morita Kojiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Sato Yukihito , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsSeveral studies have reported a high predictive ability of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for in-hospital mortality specifically for patients with cardiac critical illnesses, however, differences according to the admission classification (surgical or non-surgical) are unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of the SOFA score in surgical and non-surgical patients with cardiac critical illnesses.Methods and resultsUsing the Japanese nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients with cardiac critical illnesses, defined as patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated by cardiologists or cardiovascular surgeons as their physicians in charge from April 2018 to March 2020. The discriminatory ability of the SOFA score for in-hospital mortality was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Among 52 819 eligible patients with available data on their SOFA scores, 33 526 (64%) were postoperative cardiac surgeries. The median SOFA score on ICU admission was 5.0 (interquartile range, 2.0–8.0) and overall in-hospital mortality 6.8%. The AUROC of the SOFA score was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.76]. In the subgroup analyses, the AUROCs were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74–0.77) in the surgical patients, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.83–0.84) in the non-surgical patients, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.89) in the non-surgical acute coronary syndrome patients.ConclusionsThe predictive ability of the SOFA score on the day of ICU admission for in-hospital mortality was confirmed to be acceptable in the patients with cardiac critical illnesses and varied according to the admission classification and primary diagnoses.
Surgical outcomes of pulmonary artery sling and congenital tracheal stenosis with right lung anomaly
Authors: Wada Yuson , Matsuhisa Hironori , Morita Keiichi , Hasegawa Shota , Matsushima Shunsuke , Higuma Tomonori , Oshima Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate whether computed tomographic indices support surgical decision-making in patients with pulmonary artery sling, congenital tracheal stenosis and right lung underdevelopment.

METHODS
A total of 38 patients with pulmonary artery sling and congenital tracheal stenosis underwent tracheoplasty. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on anatomical categorization: group normal lung (NL; n = 21), group H (right lung hypoplasia, n = 12) and group A (right lung agenesis or aplasia, n = 5). Using preoperative computed tomographic images, the severity of the tracheal bending due to the right posterior deviation of the aortic arch and the relative length of the left pulmonary artery for reimplantation was evaluated.

RESULTS
Slide tracheoplasty posterior to the aortic arch with pulmonary artery reimplantation was performed in 32 patients (21, 10 and 1 in groups NL, H and A, respectively). Slide tracheoplasty anterior to the aortic arch was performed in 4 patients (2 patients each in groups H and A). Among the 6 patients with severe tracheal bending who underwent slide tracheoplasty posterior to the aortic arch, 5 required aortopexy for tracheomalacia. The overall mortality rate was 3% (group NL, n = 1). The relative length of the left pulmonary artery in group H (0.85) was significantly shorter than that in group NL (1.36, P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with right lung underdevelopment, preoperative computed tomography elucidated the tracheal bending due to right posterior deviation of the aortic arch, which compromised tracheoplasty and shortness of the left pulmonary artery for pulmonary artery sling repair.
Outcomes of isolated tricuspid valve surgery in contemporary practice
Authors: Weiss Thomas , Villadsen Peter Ryom , Jensen Jesper Khedri , Lehnert Per , Nielsen Per Hostrup , Modrau Ivy Susanne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is rarely performed and has been associated with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical outcome and functional capacity following isolated TV surgery in contemporary practice.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent isolated TV surgery at our institution from 2013 to 2019. Our cohort was identified using the Western Denmark Heart Registry. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using patients’ medical records. The clinical and echocardiographic status was reported for patients who survived beyond 1 year.

RESULTS
We included 43 patients [mean age 65.2 ± 13.8, median European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II 1.8 (interquartile range 2.0)]. Twelve (27.9%) had prior cardiac surgery. Up to 90-day follow-up, no patient died and major morbidity was limited to 4 patients (9.3%) requiring pacemaker implantation and 1 patient requiring 2 reoperations. Within 1 year, 4 patients (9.3%) died. Nine patients (20.1%) required single readmission for cardiac reasons during the median follow-up of 38.4 months (interquartile range 30.9 months). All patients who survived beyond 1 year (n = 39) completed clinical follow-up. At follow-up, 38/39 (97.4%) patients were New York Heart Association I or II compared to 12/39 (30.8%) preoperatively (P = 0.001). The presence of oedema and intensity of diuretic treatment were significantly reduced (P = 0.005 and P = 0.008, respectively). Echocardiographic follow-up showed significant improvement of TV dysfunction in all patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that isolated TV surgery can be performed safely and greatly improve patients’ functional status. Our findings support the importance of optimal surgical timing and patient selection.
Optimal non-pharmaceutical intervention policy for Covid-19 epidemic via neuroevolution algorithm
Authors: Saeidpour Arash , Rohani Pejman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
National responses to the Covid-19 pandemic varied markedly across countries, from business-as-usual to complete shutdowns. Policies aimed at disrupting the viral transmission cycle and preventing the overwhelming of healthcare systems inevitably exact an economic toll.

Methodology
We developed an intervention policy model that comprised the relative human, implementation and healthcare costs of non-pharmaceutical epidemic interventions and identified the optimal strategy using a neuroevolution algorithm. The proposed model finds the minimum required reduction in transmission rates to maintain the burden on the healthcare system below the maximum capacity.

Results
We find that such a policy renders a sharp increase in the control strength during the early stages of the epidemic, followed by a steady increase in the subsequent ten weeks as the epidemic approaches its peak, and finally the control strength is gradually decreased as the population moves towards herd immunity. We have also shown how such a model can provide an efficient adaptive intervention policy at different stages of the epidemic without having access to the entire history of its progression in the population.

Conclusions and implications
This work emphasizes the importance of imposing intervention measures early and provides insights into adaptive intervention policies to minimize the economic impacts of the epidemic without putting an extra burden on the healthcare system.

Lay Summary
We developed an intervention policy model that comprised the relative human, implementation and healthcare costs of non-pharmaceutical epidemic interventions and identified the optimal strategy using a neuroevolution algorithm. Our work emphasizes the importance of imposing intervention measures early and provides insights into adaptive intervention policies to minimize the economic impacts of the epidemic without putting an extra burden on the healthcare system.