bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐view convolutional neural network‐based target classification in high‐resolution automotive radar sensor
Authors: Kwak Seungheon , Kim Hangyeol , Kim Gun , Lee Seongwook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a target classification method based on point cloud data in a high‐resolution radar sensor is proposed. By using multiple antenna elements arranged in horizontal and vertical directions, pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles can be expressed as point cloud data in the three‐dimensional (3D) space. To perform target classification using the spatial characteristics (i.e. length, height and width) of the target, the 3D point cloud data is orthogonally projected onto the xy, yz and zx planes, respectively, and three types of images are generated. Then, a multi‐view convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based target classifier using those three images as inputs is designed. To this end, a method for synthesising the detection results of three directions in series or in parallel is proposed. The proposed classifier can learn the spatial characteristics of the target by using the detection results of multiple viewpoints. Compared to the CNN‐based classifier that uses only the detection result of a single plane as input, the proposed method shows 4.5%p higher classification accuracy in terms of the target with the lowest classification accuracy. In addition, the proposed multi‐view CNN structure shows improved classification performance and shorter training time compared to the well‐known deep learning methods for image classification.
R Coronae Borealis and dustless hydrogen-deficient carbon stars likely have different oxygen isotope ratios
Authors: Karambelkar V. , Kasliwal M. M. , Tisserand P. , Clayton G. C. , Crawford C. L. , Anand S. G. , Geballe T. R. , Montiel E. 
Published: August 2022

Context. R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and dustless Hydrogen-deficient Carbon (dLHdC) stars are believed to be remnants of low mass white dwarf mergers. These supergiant stars have peculiar hydrogen-deficient carbon-rich chemistries and stark overabundances of 18O. RCB stars undergo dust formation episodes resulting in large-amplitude photometric variations that are not seen in dLHdC stars. Recently, the sample of known dLHdC stars in the Milky Way has more than quintupled with the discovery of 27 new dLHdC stars.
Aims. It has been suggested that dLHdC stars have lower 16O/18O than RCB stars. We aim to compare the 16O/18O ratios for a large sample of dLHdC and RCB stars to examine this claim.
Methods. We present medium resolution (R ≈ 3000) near-infrared spectra of 20 newly discovered dLHdC stars. We also present medium resolution (R ≈ 3000 − 8000) K-band spectra for 49 RCB stars. Due to the several free parameters and assumptions in our fitting strategy, we provide wide range estimates on the 16O/18O ratios of seven dLHdC and 33 RCB stars that show 12C16O and 12C18O absorption bands, and present the largest sample of such 16O/18O wide-range values for dLHdC and RCB stars to date.
Results. We find that six of the seven dLHdC stars have 16O/18O < 0.5, while 28 of the 33 RCB stars have 16O/18O > 1. We also confirm that unlike RCB stars, dLHdC stars do not show strong blueshifted (> 200 km s−1) He I 10 833 Å absorption, suggesting the absence of strong, dust-driven winds around them.
Conclusions. Although we only can place wide range estimates on the 16O/18O and these are more uncertain in cool RCBs, our medium resolution spectra suggest that most dLHdC stars have lower 16O/18O than most RCB stars. This confirms one of the first, long-suspected spectroscopic differences between RCB and dLHdC stars. The different oxygen isotope ratios rule out the existing picture that RCB stars represent an evolved stage of dLHdC stars. Instead, we suggest that whether the white dwarf merger remnant is a dLHdC or RCB star depends on the mass ratios, masses and compositions of the merging white dwarfs. Future high resolution spectroscopic observations will help confirm and more precisely quantify the difference between the oxygen isotope ratios of the two classes.
Confirmation of the outflow in L1451-mm: SiO line and CH3OH maser detections
Authors: Wakelam V. , Coutens A. , Gratier P. , Vidal T. H. G. , Vaytet N. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The observational counterparts of theoretically predicted first hydrostatic cores (FHSC) have been searched for in the interstellar medium for nearly two decades now. Distinguishing them from other types of more evolved but still embedded objects remains a challenge because these objects have a short lifetime, are small, and embedded in a dense cocoon. One possible lead to finding them is the characterization of the outflows that are launched by these objects, which are assumed to have a low velocity and be small extent.
Aims. We observed the L1451-mm FHSC candidate with the NOEMA interferometer (and complementary IRAM 30m data) in order to study the emission of several molecules.
Methods. Molecular lines were reduced and analyzed with the GILDAS package network, the CASSIS software, and some python packages. A nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the CH3OH detected lines was performed to retrieve the physical conditions of the emitting region around the central source, together with the CH3OH, SiO, CS, and H2CO column densities.
Results. Of the targeted molecules, we detected lines of c-C3H2, CH3OH, CS, C34S, SO, DCN, DCO+, H2CO, HC3N, HDCO, and SiO. One of the methanol lines appears to be a maser line. The detection of this class I maser and the SiO line in L1451-mm support the presence of a low-velocity and compact outflow. The excitation conditions of the thermal lines of methanol are also compatible with shocks (H2 density of ~3 × 106 cm−3 and a temperature higher than 40 K).
Conclusions. Although these low-velocity outflows are theoretically predicted by some models of FHSC, these models also predict the shock temperature to be below 20 K, that is, not evaporating methanol. In addition, the predicted velocities would not erode the grains and release silicon in the gas phase. We therefore conclude that these new observations favor the hypothesis that L1451-mm would be at a very early protostellar stage, launching an outflow nearly on the plane of the sky with a higher velocity than is observed.
Photometric behavior of Ryugu’s NIR spectral parameters
Authors: Longobardo A. , Palomba E. , Galiano A. , Dirri F. , Zinzi A. , D’Amore M. , Domingue D. , Kitazato K. , Yokota Y. , Schroeder S. E. , Iwata T. , Matsuoka M. , Hiroi T. , Takir D. , Nakamura T. , Abe M. , Ohtake M. , Matsuura S. , Watanabe S. , Yoshikawa M. , Saiki T. , Tanaka S. , Okada T. , Yamamoto Y. , Takei Y. , Shirai K. , Hirata N. , Hirata N. , Matsumoto K. , Tsuda Y. 
Published: August 2022

Context. JAXA’s Hayabusa2 mission rendezvoused the Ryugu asteroid for 1.5 years to clarify the carbonaceous asteroids’ record for Solar System origin and evolution.
Aims. We studied the photometric behavior of the spectral parameters characterizing the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of Ryugu provided by the Hayabusa2/NIRS3 instrument, that is to say 1.9 µm reflectance, 2.7 and 2.8 µm band depths (ascribed to phyllosilicates), and NIR slope.
Methods. For each parameter, we applied the following empirical approach: (1) retrieval of the equigonal albedo by applying the Akimov disk function (this step was only performed for the reflectance photometric correction); (2) retrieval of the median spectral parameter value at each phase angle bin; and (3) retrieval of the phase function by a linear fit.
Results. Ryugu’s phase function shows a steepness similar to Ceres, according to the same taxonomy of the two asteroids. Band depths decrease with increasing phase angle: this trend is opposite to that observed on other asteroids explored by space missions and is ascribed to the very dark albedo. NIR and visible phase reddening are similar, contrary to other asteroids, where visible phase reddening is larger: this could be due to surface darkness or to particle smoothness. Albedo and band depths are globally uncorrelated, but locally anticorrelated. A correlation between darkening and reddening is observed.
Polimerização dos Ácidos Resínicos: Uma Breve Revisão
Authors: Soares Andreia , Pestana Miguel 
Published: August 2022

Por destilação da gema (resina) do Pinheiro obtém-se duas frações – a aguarrás (essência de terebintina) e a colofónia (pez). Esta é a fração pesada da gema e, também, o seu principal constituinte, tendo como constituintes ácidos resínicos (90%) e pequenas quantidades de compostos neutros (10%).
Embora a composição dos ácidos resínicos possam variar com a espécie de pinheiro, eles são sobretudo do tipo abiético e, em pequena quantidade, do tipo pimárico.
Estes ácidos tipo abiético são compostos diénicos muito instáveis, o que é evidenciado pelas reações sobre ligações duplas.
A polimerização ocorre pela ação de um ácido forte e/ou calor sobre os ácidos tipo abiético, tendo como resultado das primeiras (as reações com ácidos fortes), a formação de dímeros e de pequenas quantidades de trímeros. Do mesmo modo, também foi descrito a dimerização térmica da colofónia, onde os seus produtos reacionais são ácidos monobásicos diméricos.
A new comprehensive Classification Scheme for ECU Tendon Problems at
the Wrist
Authors: Burda Rastislav , Morochovič Radoslav , Rudnay Maroš , Špaková Timea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on a systematic review of the literature, description of previous
classification schemes and new anatomical knowledge, a new comprehensive
classification scheme for ECU tendon problems at the wrist is described.
Differentiated Approaches to Treat Lesions of the TFCC Based on new
arthroscopic Classification
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyasu , Takagi Takehilko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, pathology of the TFCC lesions, image diagnosis and arthroscopic
examination were described. According to the radiocarpal arthroscopic findings,
TFCC lesions are classified into intra-disc lesions (Class 1), radial lesion
(Class 2), peripheral disc lesions which indicate slight to moderate DRUJ
instability (Class 3) and degenerative lesion (Class 4). The radioulnar ligament
(RUL) lesions that indicate moderate to severe DRUJ instability were classified
with staging system with DRUJ arthroscopic findings (Stage 1 to 5).
Author’s treatment algorism with wrist arthroscopic findings including
DRUJ arthroscopy was demonstrated and along with this algorism, various
arthroscopic and open techniques to treat TFCC injuries were selected and
resulted in success. Precise diagnosis of the TFCC lesions helped to select an
adequate treatment for each lesion.
„Änderungen im Ernährungsverhalten bilden einen der größten Hebel in der planetaren Krise“
Authors: Anke Niklas 
Published: August 2022

SummaryEtwa 30 Prozent der menschengemachten Treibhausgasemissionen sind dem Ernährungssystem zuzuordnen. Der effektivste Hebel wäre, tierische Produkte deutlich zu reduzieren. Ein Gespräch mit Dr. Lisa Pörtner.
Ernährung neu denken – die Planetary Health Diet im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Hünninghaus Kristin , Dobos Gustav 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAuf dem Weg zu einem klimagerechten Krankenhaus spieltauch die Verpflegung der Patient*innen und Mitarbeiter*innen eine wichtige Rolle. Durch die gezielte Auswahlan Lebensmitteln lässt sich nicht nur die Gesundheit jedeseinzelnen Menschen positiv beeinflussen, sondern auch diedes gesamten Planeten. Die sogenannte Planetary HealthDiet ist ein Ernährungskonzept, das die individuelle Gesundheitverbessern und gleichzeitig das Tierwohl fördern, dieUmwelt und Biodiversität schützen kann. Erste Kliniken inDeutschland haben ihr Verpflegungsangebot so umgestellt,dass es einer gesunden und klimafreundlichen Ernährungsweisegerecht wird. Dieser Beitrag stellt die wichtigstenStellschrauben vor, wie sich nachhaltige Ernährung im Gesundheitswesenumsetzen lässt.
Galgant: Vielseitiger Scharfmacher
Authors: Houben Martina 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Echte Galgant (Alpinia officinarum) hat als Gewürzpflanze für Eintöpfe oder Fleischgerichte wegen seines würzig-scharfen Aromas seit langem die Küchen erobert. Doch zunehmend wird man wieder auf die Heilkraft der Wurzel aufmerksam: Warm und heilkräftig – so beschreibt Hildegard von Bingen den Galgant in ihren Schriften. Lange führte er neben seinem engen Verwandten Ingwer (Zingiber officinale) ein Schattendasein. Die aromatische Wurzel gelangt nun jedoch immer stärker in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus und wird in den Medien sogar als Superfood gehandelt. Der Wurzelstock wird in der traditionellen Heilkunde und modernen Phytotherapie bei zahlreichen Indikationen angewendet.
Essen Stroke Risk Score Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Evidence from the TOPCAT trial
Authors: Zhu Wengen , Cao Yalin , Ye Min , Huang Huiling , Wu Yuzhong , Ma Jianyong , Dong Yugang , Liu Xiao , Liu Chen , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: August 2022

Background Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with increased risks of stroke and other adverse outcomes.
Aims This study sought to determine whether the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) could predict the risks of adjudicated clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial.
Methods We evaluated associations of baseline ESRS with clinical outcomes by using the Cox proportional hazard model with competing risk regression. The diagnostic accuracy of the ESRS was assessed using the C-index and calibration data.
Results Of 3,441 HFpEF patients with a mean follow-up of 3.3 years, the risk of stroke ranged from 0.32% per year at an ESRS of 1 to 2 points to 1.71% per year at a score of ≥6 points. Each point increase in ESRS was associated with increased risks of primary composite outcome (hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.31; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.23–1.40; C-index = 0.68), stroke (HR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.16–1.53]; C-index = 0.68), myocardial infarction (HR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.40–1.83]; C-index = 0.75), HF hospitalization (HR = 1.30 [95% CI: 1.20–1.41]; C-index = 0.71), any hospitalization (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15–1.26; C-index = 0.68), cardiovascular death (HR = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.20–1.44]; C-index = 0.68), and all-cause death (HR = 1.37, [95% CI: 1.28–1.48]; C-index = 0.68). The calibration curves showed that the ESRS had a better agreement between predicted and observed stroke risks compared with the R2CHADS2, CHADS2, or CHA2DS2-VASC stroke scores.
Conclusion The ESRS had modest discriminatory abilities for predicting stroke as well as other adverse outcomes including myocardial infarction, hospitalization, and death in HFpEF patients. ESRS might have better calibration performance than R2CHADS2, CHADS2, or CHA2DS2-VASC in HFpEF at high risk for stroke.
Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
Diffusion coefficient of ions through graphene nanopores
Authors: Liu Biyuan , Zhou Le , Luo Shuang , Zhou Yanguang , Yang Jinglei , Li Zhigang 
Published: August 2022

In this work, we investigate the transport of ions through graphene nanopores driven by concentration gradients through molecular dynamics simulations. The diffusion coefficients, D, of K+ and Cl− are computed for various pore sizes and porosities. It is found that D is sensitive to the pore size when the pore diameter is smaller than 3 nm. For relatively large pores, D remains largely independent of the pore size. The dependence of D on the porosity shows a near-linear relationship. The effects of pore size and porosity on the diffusion coefficient are caused by the free energy barrier at the pore due to the ion–pore molecular interactions and the dehydration of ions. A general scaling law for the diffusion coefficient is also proposed. The results in this work provide useful information for the design and fabrication of nanoporous structures for ion transport.
Multi-beam gun design for an S-band klystron
Authors: Lin Xiaobo , Zhang Rui , Chao Quangui , Xie Bingchuan , Geng Zhihui , Liao Yunfeng , Yang Xiudong 
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces the detailed design scheme of a multi-beam electron gun applied to an S-band high power multi-beam klystron. The multi-beam gun adopts a coaxial cavity arrangement, and the total number of electron beams are 40 (19 in the inner layer and 21 in the outer layer). The working voltage of the electron gun is 60 kV, the total current is 300 A (evenly distributed on 40 electron beams), and the single beam perveance is 0.51 μP. The total perveance is 20.4 μP. The cathode loading of the gun is 12 A/cm2, which can meet the requirements of cathode operational lifetime. The beam focusing system uses a periodic reversal permanent magnet to realize miniaturization of the klystron.
Effect of nitrogen molecules on the growth kinetics at the interface between a (111) plane of cubic ice and water
Authors: Nada Hiroki 
Published: August 2022

The molecular-scale growth kinetics of ice from water in the presence of air molecules are still poorly understood, despite their importance for understanding ice particle formation in nature. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation is conducted to elucidate the molecular-scale growth kinetics at the interface between a (111) plane of cubic ice and water in the presence of N2 molecules. Two potential models of N2 molecules with and without atomic charges are examined. For both models, N2 molecules bind stably to the interface for a period of 1 ns or longer, and the stability of the binding is higher for the charged model than for the noncharged model. Free-energy surfaces of an N2 molecule along the interface and along an ideal (111) plane surface of cubic ice suggest that for both models, the position where an N2 molecule binds stably is different at the interface and on the ideal plane surface, and the stability of the binding is much higher for the interface than for the ideal plane surface. For both models, stacking-disordered ice grows at the interface, and the formation probability of a hexagonal ice layer in the stacking-disordered ice is higher for the charged model than for the uncharged model. The formation probability for the hexagonal ice layer in the stacking-disordered ice depends not only on the stability of binding but also on the positions where N2 molecules bind to the underlying ice and the number of N2 molecules that bind stably to the underlying ice.
Effect of paternal smoking on pre-implantation embryonic development: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Frappier Jean , Martinaud Aurélie , Barberet Julie , Bruno Céline , Guilleman Magali , Amblot Céline , Guilloteau Adrien , Fauque Patricia 
Published: August 2022

Context Recent studies have failed to demonstrate the negative impact of male tobacco smoking on embryo development, raising the question of its actual implication on natural fecundity and assisted reproductive techniques outcomes. Aims To assess the impact of paternal smoking on embryo development. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 252 men from couples undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were included. Each patient was interviewed and took a carbon monoxide breath-test, creating three groups: non-smokers (n = 113), former smokers (n = 81) and active smokers (n = 58). The Top-grade embryo ratio (primary endpoint), embryo morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes were assessed. Key results In a multivariate analyses based on 1521 embryos, no significant difference was found in the top-grade embryo ratio between the groups. Tobacco smoking had no impact on clinical outcomes. Compared to non-smokers the time to the pronuclei fading (tPNf, P = 0.006) and the time to the first embryonic cleavage (t2, P = 0.002) were shorter in smokers, and the t2 was also slightly shorter in former smokers (P = 0.045). No other differences were found in the morphokinetic parameters. Conclusion Even if a few differences were observed in the first timing of embryonic events, this study did not highlight a major embryonic and clinical impact of the paternal smoking status. Implication The results obtained here are reassuring towards IVF outcomes. As maternal smoking is highly controlled in the IVF patients in this study, we speculate that the sperm selection process may limit the adverse effects of tobacco consumption on embryo development.
Structural basis of lipoprotein recognition by the bacterial Lol trafficking chaperone LolA
Authors: Kaplan Elise , Greene Nicholas P. , Jepson Abigail E. , Koronakis Vassilis 
Published: August 2022

In gram-negative bacteria, lipoproteins are vital structural components of the outer membrane (OM) and crucial elements of machineries central to the physiology of the cell envelope. A dedicated apparatus, the Lol system, is required for the correct localization of OM lipoproteins and is essential for viability. The periplasmic chaperone LolA is central to this trafficking pathway, accepting triacylated lipoproteins from the inner membrane transporter LolCDE, before carrying them across the periplasm to the OM receptor LolB. Here, we report a crystal structure of liganded LolA, generated in vivo, revealing the molecular details of lipoprotein association. The structure highlights how LolA, initially primed to receive lipoprotein by interaction with LolC, further opens to accommodate the three ligand acyl chains in a precise conformation within its cavity. LolA forms extensive interactions with the acyl chains but not with any residue of the cargo, explaining the chaperone’s ability to transport structurally diverse lipoproteins. Structural characterization of a ligandedLolA variant incapable of lipoprotein release reveals aberrant association, demonstrating the importance of the LolCDE-coordinated, sequential opening of LolA for inserting lipoprotein in a manner productive for subsequent trafficking. Comparison with existing structures of LolA in complex with LolC or LolCDE reveals substantial overlap of the lipoprotein and LolC binding sites within the LolA cavity, demonstrating that insertion of lipoprotein acyl chains physically disengages the chaperone protein from the transporter by perturbing interaction with LolC. Taken together, our data provide a key step toward a complete understanding of a fundamentally important trafficking pathway.
Dopamine facilitates Al2O3 film growth on polyethylene terephthalate by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yan Chi , Liu Cui , Ye Xiaojun , Yuan Xiao , Li Hongbo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polymeric materials, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are widely used in various fields because of their beneficial properties. Functional films are deposited on these materials through different approaches, such as plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), to enhance their performance and prolong their life span. However, the inert and thermally fragile nature of most polymers hinders deposition. We developed a strategy for the PEALD of nanoscale Al2O3 films on PET substrates. First, a PET substrate is subjected to alkali treatment, which gives it basic hydrophilicity for the subsequent dopamine modification. After 24 h of dopamine deposition, the substrate shows adequate active sites (phenolic hydroxyl groups), which can chemisorb large amounts of precursor during the initial deposition. The island growth mode was observed during the PEALD processes. We analyzed the detailed chemical components of Al2O3 on alkali-treated PET and dopamine-modified PET. After 100 cycles of deposition, the Al2O3 films on both samples contained much hydrogen. Benefitting from the more active sites, we observed more continuous Al2O3 film on dopamine-modified PET, which exhibited excellent water vapor blocking performance. Our findings suggest that dopamine could act as a ‘bridge’ between polymers and PEALD functional films.