bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Calcium, Boron and Naphthalene Acetamide Sprays on Cork Spot and Mineral Content of York Imperial Apple1
Authors: Wightman Kenneth A. , Hewetson Frank N. , Childers Norman F. , Buchanan David W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Boron, calcium, and naphthalene acetamide (NAAm) foliar sprays were applied alone or in combination to ‘York Imperial’ apple trees under Eastern Pennsylvania orchard conditions. Mineral content of the leaves and fruit and number of cork spots in the fruits were determined.
B applications alone or in combination with Ca and/or NAAm increased leaf and fruit B content. All Ca applications increased the leaf Ca content, the fruit P content, and the leaf and fruit K and Fe content, but had no effect on fruit Ca content. NAAm sprays increased the leaf Mg and Al content. NAAm applied in combination with Ca increased the leaf Ca content. The NAAm effects appear to be associated with the valence of the element, having no effect on monovalent elements, some effect on divalent elements, and the strongest effect on the trivalent element, Al.
Th B-Ca and B-Ca-NAAm spray treatments reduced the number of cork spots per fruit. Regression analysis indicated that as the B and Ca content increased in the leaves, and fruit peel and flesh the cork spots decreased. Cork spots increased as the P and K content of the leaves increased. Core data showed that cork spots decreased as the B and Mg content increased and the B × Mg interaction decreased. There was no relation between number of cork spots and the leaf and fruit content of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, or Al, despite significant effects of the treatments on these elements.
The Use of Alar on Vigorous ‘McIntosh’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Forshey C. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over a 3 year period, Alar was applied to vigorous, young ‘McIntosh’ apple trees at 2 rates (1000 and 2000 ppm) and at 3 times during the growing season (14 days after bloom, mid-July, and early August). All treatments were effective in increasing fruit firmness and reducing pre-harvest fruit drop. Applications 14 days after bloom significantly reduced both terminal shoot growth and fruit size at harvest. Effects of these treatments were minimal the year following treatment.
Fluctuations in the Cold Resistance of Apple Twigs During Spring Dehardening1
Authors: Howell G. S. , Weiser C. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship of environmental temperature to the cold resistance of apple bark tissue was studied on mature orchard trees in the field during natural spring dehardening and on 3 and 4 year old trees in the containers which were dehardened under controlled conditions. Field studies showed day to day fluctuations in dehardening and rehardening during the spring in each of 2 years. These short term changes in cold resistance were closely related to the air temperatures of the preceding day. In controlled studies, hardy plants during the winter dehardened as much as 15°C in one day in a warm greenhouse, and rehardened 15° in 3 days when they were held at −15°. The dehardening process was only partially reversible. Once dehardening began, the bark did not reharden beyond a certain base level. This base level raised with each successive day of dehardening. The base level usually corresponded to the minimum killing temperature on the day preceding the final day of dehardening.
Chloride Content of Citrus Seeds and its Distribution in Various Fractions1
Authors: Altman A. , Goell A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chemical analysis of chloride in seeds of 11 species and varieties of citrus (on their own roots) showed marked differences in chloride content. The concentration of chloride in the seeds was directly related to known concentrations of chloride in leaves of the same varieties, and to the order of their appearance in a list of “salt tolerance”. No significant differences were found in the chloride content of seeds from one variety upon 5 rootstock varieties. Similarly, no effect of salinized irrigation water on the chloride content of the seeds could be detected. Fractionation analysis of the seeds of 2 varieties (low and high in chloride content) revealed that in both varieties about 15–20% of the total chloride was present in the aqueous supernatant (“cell sap”). In the low-Cl seeds, 42% of the total CI was found in the aqueous residue and 43% in the benzenic fraction (fats). The corresponding fractions in the high-Cl seeds were 74% and 6%, respectively.
Response of ‘McIntosh’ Apple Trees to Soil Incorporated Simazine1
Authors: Robinson D. E. , Lord W. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Mcintosh’ apple trees were grown under greenhouse and outdoor conditions in 30 lb. cans containing soil-incorporated simazine at concentrations of 0.2–6.4 ppm. Differences in fresh weight increase occurred at lower concentrations than did differences in terminal growth or visual symptoms. The lowest concentration at which simazine adversely affected fresh weight increase of the greenhouse-grown trees was 1.6 ppm for the 2 soils used in the study. Root development was drastically reduced at 3.2 and 6.4 ppm simazine. There was a suggestion that trees on MM 106 rootstock were more tolerant to simazine than those on EM VII and EM IX rootstocks. A significant increase in per cent leaf N resulted from simazine treatments in the outdoor experiment, but with the greenhouse-grown trees this response was found only on the lighter of the 2 soils and at injurious simazine levels.
An Anthocyanin Recovery System from Cranberry Pomace1
Authors: Chiriboga C. , Francis F. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anthocyanin content is one of the limiting factors in the production of cranberry juice cocktail, yet the press cake contains approximately 40% of the pigment of the berries. The pigment can be recovered by extracting the pomace with methanol containing 0.03% HCl. Other solvents are less effective. A single extraction from whole ground pomace at a 5:1 solvent:pomace ratio will extract approximately 50% of the pigment. A multiple extraction will remove over 90%. Grinding the pomace reduces the time of extraction from several hours to less than ½ hr. The methanol in the pigment solution can be removed by distillation under vacuum and the resulting aqueous solution absorbed on an Amberlite C G-50 resin. The resin absorbs the anthocyanin and many of the impurities can be rinsed off the column with water. The pigments can be eluted with 0.0001% HCl in ethanol and concentrated to provide a concentrate for addition back to the juice.
The Effect of Seedless Versus Seeded Fruit Development on Flower Bud Formation in Pear1
Authors: Griggs William H. , Martin George C. , Iwakiri Ben T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Bartlett’ spurs carrying seedless or seeded fruits produced relatively high percentages of flower buds. Spurs carrying seedless pears for 31 days after bloom produced more flower buds than did spurs carrying seeded pears. Also, the exudate from seedless pears had more growth-promoting activity. Beyond 31 days there were no consistent differences in flower bud formation in spurs carrying seedless vs. seeded pears. Carrying seeded pears 31 days largely inhibited flower bud initiation in ‘Winter Nelis’. There was an inverse relationship between flower buds and seeds in fruits on spurs of both varieties defruited 61 days after bloom. The relationship was not distinct for spurs carrying fruits longer. Fluctuations in the growth-promoting activity of the fruit exudate indicate that the hormonal status, at the time the spur was defruited, influenced flower bud formation more than did number of fruits, seeds, or length of fruit-carrying period.
Lithium Toxicity in ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit in Arizona1
Authors: Hilgeman R. H. , Fuller W. H. , True L. F. , Sharpies G. C. , Smith P. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surveys were made of Li in leaves, irrigation water and soil in groves of 37 to 43 year old ‘Marsh’ grapefruit on sour orange rootstock. Lithium in leaves increased during the late summer. Leaves with 50 to 60 ppm Li in September generally developed necrotic lesions on margins below the tip in November when they contained 60 to 90 ppm Li and abscissed within 1 to 4 months. Lithium varied widely between spring-cycle leaves on the same tree and within the leaf where it accumulated in the lesions. Severe Li toxicity symptoms were associated with 0.18 to 0.25 ppm Li in the irrigation water, 0.7 to 1.0 ppm in the soil and from 68 to 232 ppm in spring-cycle leaves in November. Vigorous growth and high yields occurred with 24 to 34 ppm Li in the leaves, 0.07 to 0.11 ppm Li in the irrigation water and 0.3 to 0.4 ppm in the soil. Severe leaf symptoms with Li content as high as 175 ppm were induced by soil applications of LiCl under field conditions.
Respiratory Climacteric and Chemical Changes in the Mango Fruit, Mangifera indica L.1
Authors: Krishnamurthy Shanta , Subramanyam H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The parameters for optimum maturity of fruit of ‘Pairi’ variety mango, harvested near Mysore from 1964 to 1969, have been found to be 260 ± 20 g in weight, olive green surface color, and outgrown shoulders. In addition, pH and color of the pulp in terms of chromaticity coordinate x were useful indices. Other parameters were not consistent.
Respiration climacteric maximum was delayed in immature fruits and advanced in over-mature fruits. Fruits of optimal maturity recorded the climacteric maximum on the 9th day ± 1 at ambient storage of 26 ± 2°C and 45–65% RH. Sugar accumulation was maximum at about the time of the climacteric peak in respiration and sucrose was predominant. The chemical composition of the fruit was more or less similar over several seasons and harvests.
Effects of Radiofrequency Electrical Treatment on Germination of Vegetable Seeds1
Authors: Nelson S. O. , Nutile G. E. , Stetson L. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seed lots of several vegetables, including garden beans, cabbage, cantaloupe, cucumber, lettuce, okra, onion, garden peas, pepper, spinach, and tomato, and two seed lots of Kentucky bluegrass were exposed to 40-MHz radiofrequency (RF) electric fields and tested to determine the influence of the electrical treatment on germination performance. Germination was significantly increased by RF treatment through reduction of hard-seed content in beans, okra, and peas. Acceleration of germination was evident in seed lots of bluegrass, tomato, and spinach. It was particularly marked and consistent with spinach. Acceleration of spinach emergence was also noted in soil tests. The influences of seed moisture content, seed size, and characteristics of the RF electric field were also considered. Improved responses are attributed to thermal stresses developed in seed during RF treatment, but further research is recommended to explain the responsible mechanisms.
The Course of Ripening of Banana Fruits Stored in Sealed Polyethylene Bags1,2
Authors: Fuchs Yoram , Temkin-Gorodeiski Naomi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Green, unripe banana fruits (Dwarf Cavendish) were stored in sealed polyethylene bags with and without potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Some fruits were triggered to ripen by ethylene before sealing the bags and in some of them ethylene was injected after sealing. The presence of ethylene stimulated pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity and starch hydrolysis and caused softening, but color change was inhibited by high concentrations of carbon dioxide. It is suggested that in the presence of high carbon dioxide and low oxygen concentrations, ethylene acts in different ways on the coloring and the softening processes of banana fruits.
Lettuce Tipburn as Related to Nutrient Imbalance and Nitrogen Composition1
Authors: Ashkar Saleh A. , Ries S. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Preliminary analyses of lettuce showed that leaves with tipburn necrosis contained less Ca, and more organic N, particularly free amino acids, than normal leaves. A susceptible head lettuce, ‘Great Lakes 659’, was grown under varying NO3, Ca, Mg, and light intensities in the greenhouse and growth chambers. Tipburn was easily induced by a high NO3 and low Ca nutritional regime. Five mM or more Ca in the nutrient solution prevented tipburn. Necrosis was aggravated by high Mg levels and high light intensities. This disorder was associated with an accumulation of free amino acids, particularly aspartic and glutamic acids, and their amides.
Comprehensive evaluation and scenario simulation of carrying capacity of water resources in Mu Us Sandy Land, China
Authors: Liu Luyao , Xu Xue , Wu Jiaru , Jarvie Scott , Li Fengshi , Han Peng , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the rapid improvement in socioeconomic conditions globally, the demand for water resources has dramatically increased. Evaluating water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is crucial for regional sustainable development. To date, limited attention has been paid to WRCC in areas of predominantly sandy land, with the impact of vegetation restoration in ecologically degraded areas on WRCC remaining unclear. In this study, using a comprehensive evaluation index and a system dynamics model, we evaluated the WRCC of the Mu Us Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China, from 2000 to 2019 then projected to 2030. Our results show WRCC has decreased since 2000, reaching a general state by 2019. In a future scenario where historical development remains unabated, WRCC will continue to decline to a poor carrying state by 2030. The comprehensive scheme based on industrial restructuring and water conservation performed the best in terms of WRCC, continuously increasing and returning to a general carrying state by 2030. Our findings highlight the WRCC of the Mu Us Sandy Land is not optimistic and subsequent ecological restoration should proceed with caution. A comprehensive scheme is an optimal development strategy for the future.
Multi-objective water resources optimum allocation scheme based on an improved standard cuckoo search algorithm (ISCSA)
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The standard cuckoo search algorithm (SCSA) is an intelligent population optimization algorithm, which is also a heuristic search algorithm. The advantages of the SCSA (such as its convenient operation, heuristic searching, etc.) make it easy to find an optimal solution and maintain a wide searching range. However, the SCSA also has some drawbacks, such as long searching time, and the ease of falling on a local optimum. In order to solve the problems existing with SCSA, in this paper, an improved standard cuckoo search algorithm (ISCSA) was studied, which includes chaotic initialization and a Gaussian disturbance algorithm. As a case study, taking economic, social and ecological benefits as the objective function, multi-objective water resources optimal allocation models were constructed in Xianxiang Region, China. The ISCSA was applied to solve the water allocation models and a multi-objective optimal water supply scheme for Xinxiang region was obtained. Water resources optimal allocation schemes for the planning level year (2025) for 12 water supply sub-regions were predicted. A desirable eco-environment and other benefits were achieved using the studied methods. The results show that the ISCSA has obvious advantages in the solution of water resources optimal allocation and planning.
Green complexation for heavy metals removal from wastewater by Keggin-polyoxometalates enhanced ultrafiltration
Authors: Kahloul Malak , Mahfoudhi Selim , Ounifi Ibtissem , Elabed Badra , Amor Taissire Ben , Hafiane Amor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in wastewater has become a serious issue and a global concern for the environment and public health with rapid progress of modern textile industry. To minimize the health risks of heavy metals their complexation to a chelating agent constitute a promising process using membrane separation. We highlight for the first time the use of Keggin type-polyoxometalates (PW12) as complexing agent to eliminate heavy metals from synthetic textile wastewater. Indeed, filtration experiments were performed through the ultrafiltration organic regenerated cellulose membrane (3KDa). Effects of pressure (1–2.5 bar), PW12 concentration (10–50 mg·L−1), salt concentration (10−4–2 M) and pH value (2–12) on cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) removal were regularly explored. Experimental data showed that the addition of PW12 improves metal removal efficiency (up to 90%). The addition of NaCl salt significantly decreases the metals retention to 42%. The retention drop is probably due to the competition between Na+ and metals on complexation same negative sites of the PW12 and to the electric double-layer compressing. 24 full factorial design has been used to evaluate the most influencing parameters. The results obtained revealed that the maximum metal retention was 99% for both Cd and Cu.
Biologically Active 2-Oxazolidinone Derivatives Beyond Antibacterial
Activities
Authors: Yuan Leer , Sheng Rong , Guan Mengying , Wang Yuan , Chen Siyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
2-Oxazolidinone is well known as a pharmacophore for antibacterial agents
represented by two marketed medicines, Linezolid and Tedizolid. On the other hand,
there are growing reports on the various biological activities of 2-oxazolidinones beyond
antibacterial activities. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the progress
of this untraditional area of 2-oxazolidinones in the past 10 years (2011-2021).
Detection of Ningnanmycin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined
with BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Zhezhen , Ji Rendong , Han Yue , Bian Haiyi , Yang Yudong , Feng Xiaotao , Xu Jiangyu , Wang Mengyuan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Ningnanmycin is a new antibiotic pesticide with good bactericidal and
antiviral efficacy, which is widely used in the control of fruit and vegetable diseases, and the excessive
pesticide residues pose a serious threat to the environment and human health.

Methods:
In this study, we used fluorescence spectrometer to scan the three-dimensional spectrum
of ningnanmycin samples. We used a BP neural network to complete the regression analysis of content
prediction based on the fluorescence spectra. After that, the prediction performance of the BP
neural network was compared with the exponential fitting method.

Results:
The results of the BP neural network modeling based on the obtained samples showed that
the mean square error of the prediction results of the test set is less than 10-4, the R-square is greater
than 0.99, the average recovery is 99.11%, and the model performance of the BP neural network is
better than exponential fitting.

Conclusion:
Studies have shown that fluorescence spectroscopy combined with BP neural network
can effectively predict the concentration of ningnanmycin.
SHR6390 Combined with Cabozantinib Inhibits Tumor Progression in the
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Caiqi , Shi Jiaqi , Lin Binlin , Zhou Meng , Shan Dan , Nie Jianhua , Wang Yan , Zhang Yanqiao , Han Peng , Zheng Tongsen 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A novel CDK4/6 inhibitor SHR6390 has shown significant anti-tumor effects.
However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.

Objective:
To explore the inhibitory effect of combination treatment with SHR6390 and cabozantinib
in HCC, and its antitumor mechanism, so as to provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for HCC
patients.

Methods:
We investigated SHR6390, monotherapy or combined with cabozantinib, by CCK8, wound
healing, transwell, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and mouse model of a subcutaneous tumor.

Results:
Our results show that SHR6390 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against HCC in a
dose-dependent manner. SHR6390 combined with cabozantinib exhibited more potent inhibition of
cell viability, migration and invasion. In terms of potential mechanisms, we found that cabozantinib
could lead to phosphorylation of Rb, which was reduced in SHR6390 and combined groups. SHR6390
monotherapy inhibited the growth of subcutaneous HCC tumors, besides, the combination treatment
with SHR6390 and cabozantinib exerted synergistic anti-tumor activity in vivo.

Conclusion:
SHR6390 is effective against HCC, monotherapy or combined with cabozantinib.
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia as an Isolated Symptom of Brainstem
Wake-up Stroke Responsive to Intravenous Thrombolysis: Evidence from
MRI
Authors: Barbagallo Gaetano , Caggiula Marcella , Rizzo Annalisa , Direnzo Vita , Lupo Angela , Fasano Antonio , Greco Cosimo Angelo , Pauciulo Alfredo , Saponaro Antonio , Paladini Adriana , Barbarini Leonardo 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a disorder of eye movements caused
by a lesion involving the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) within the brainstem, and it is characterized
by adduction impairment combined with contralateral dissociated abduction nystagmus. The
frequency of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting with INO as a predominant symptom is very low,
and many patients suffering from this brainstem AIS are precluded from intravenous thrombolysis
(IVT).

Objective:
To provide for the first time a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of response to
the IVT in brainstem wake-up stroke presenting with INO as an isolated symptom.

Methods:
Here, we described a rare case of pons AIS presenting with INO as a unique symptom of
awakening. In order to differentiate an ischemic stroke from other stroke mimics, and to determine
whether the patient was within the therapeutic window for IVT (wake-up stroke), brain MRI including
DWI and FLAIR sequences was acquired.

Results:
A left paramedian pontine DWI/FLAIR mismatch was detected and the patient was considered
eligible for IVT. After IVT, the patient made a full recovery with complete resolution of INO.
Follow-up MRI at 1 month demonstrates the absence of ischemic lesions.

Conclusion:
Our case provides neuroradiological evidence of IVT efficacy in brainstem stroke, and it
should prompt clinicians to rapidly perform MRI in wake-up onset INO and to just as quickly administer
IVT, since INO is a functionally disabling deficit. Finally, this case demonstrates the value of MRI
in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic workup of posterior circulation wake-up stroke.
Five Years of Gene Networks Modeling in Single-cell RNA-sequencing
Studies: Current Approaches and Outstanding Challenges
Authors: Das Samarendra , Pradhan Upendra , Rai Shesh N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a rapidly growing field in transcriptomics,
which generates a tremendous amount of gene expression data at the single-cell level. Improved statistical
approaches and tools are required to extract informative knowledge from such data. Gene network
modeling and analysis is one such approach for downstream analysis of scRNA-seq data. Therefore,
newer and innovative methods have been introduced in the literature. These approaches greatly vary in
their utility, basic statistical concepts, models fitted to the data, etc. Therefore, we present a comprehensive
overview of the available approaches for gene network modeling and analysis in single-cell studies,
along with their limitations. We also classify the approaches based on different statistical principles and
present a class-wise review. We discuss the limitations that are specific to each class of approaches and
how they are addressed by subsequent classes of methods. We identify several biological and methodological
challenges that must be addressed to enable the development of novel and innovative single-cell
gene network inference approaches and tools. These new approaches will be able to analyze the singlecell
data efficiently and accurately to better understand the biological systems, increasing the specificity,
sensitivity, utility, and relevance of single-cell studies. Furthermore, this review will serve as a catalog
and provide guidelines to genome researchers and experimental biologists for objectively choosing
the better gene network modeling approach.