bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Lycium barbarum residue improves the animal performance through the interaction of rumen microbiota and metabolome of Tan sheep
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Wang Bing , Wei Dawei , Guo Yansheng , Du Min , Zhang Guijie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lycium barbarum residue (LBR), a by-product of Lycium barbarum processing, contains bioactive components which can be used as a plant-derived feed additive in animal husbandry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LBR on the rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal microbes and metabolites, and growth performance of Tan sheep.
Methods
Sixteen Tan sheep were fed with a basal diet (CON; n = 8) or a basal diet supplemented with 5% of LBR (LBR; n = 8). The experiment lasted for 70 d, with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period. After slaughter, rumen fluid samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to elucidate the alternations of rumen microbial community and rumen metabolites.
Results
Data showed that LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01) but decreased ammonia-nitrogen concentration (P < 0.01) and rumen pH (P < 0.05). Additionally, LBR supplementation improved the relative abundances of Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Selenomonas, and Butyrivibrio (P < 0.05) and reduced the abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed that the LBR altered the ruminal metabolome (P < 0.01) by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids (e.g., L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-lysine, and L-tyrosine), pyrimidine metabolism (e.g., uridine, uracil, and thymidine), and microbial protein synthesis (e.g., xanthine and hypoxanthine). Correlation analysis provided potential relationships between major microbiota and metabolites in the rumen.
Conclusions
In conclusion, supplementation of LBR affects rumen fermentation by altering the rumen microbiome and metabolome, thereby improving the growth performance of Tan sheep.
Regulatory mechanisms of miRNA-126 expression in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yu Caiyuan , Zhang Guixia , Ye Shicai , Tian Ting , Liang Qianyi , Cui Lijiao , Cen Junwei , Hu Juxiang , Zheng Rong , Wang Hao , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective :Our previous studies found that miR-126 was significantly upregulated in ulcerative colitis and promoted inflammatory responses by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway. This study aimed to explore the transcriptional mechanisms involved in miR-126 upregulation. Methods: miRNAs and mRNAs expression were measured by qRT-PCR. Proteins amounts were measured by Western Blot. The core promoter sequences of miR-126 and its host gene EGFL7 were determined via the luciferase reporter system. Binding of NF-κB3 to the core promoter region of miR-126 was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: In the HT-29 cell line, stimulation of TNFa, IL-1β, LPS, MDP, HKM, and ODN2006 led to a discordant expression pattern of miR-126 and EGFL7, while IFN-γ or FLA-ST treatment resulted in a concordant expression pattern of miR-126 and EGFL7. Luciferase activity analysis revealed that miR-126 has its own independent promoter. NF-κB3 could directly bind to the core promoter region of miR-126, and regulated the expression of miR-126 and EGFL7.Conclusion: We demonstrated the first evidence that miR-126 possesses its own independent promoter and could be regulated by NF-κB3 directly. Our study provides further insights into the regulatory mechanisms for the upregulation of miRNA in inflammatory conditions like UC.
Novel multivalent S100A8 inhibitory peptides attenuate tumor progression and metastasis by inhibiting the TLR4-dependent pathway
Authors: Deguchi Atsuko , Watanabe-Takahashi Miho , Mishima Taishi , Omori Tsutomu , Ohto Umeharu , Nishikawa Kiyotaka , Maru Yoshiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The tumor-elicited inflammation is closely related to tumor microenvironment during tumor progression. S100A8, an endogenous ligand of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), is known as a key molecule in the tumor microenvironment and premetastatic niche formation. We firstly generated a novel multivalent S100A8 competitive inhibitory peptide (divalent peptide3A5) against TLR4/MD-2, using the alanine scanning. Divalent peptide3A5 suppressed S100A8-mediated interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor production in human colorectal tumor SW480 cells. Using SW480-transplanted xenograft models, divalent peptide3A5 suppressed tumor progression in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrated that combination therapy with divalent peptide3A5 and bevacizumab synergistically suppressed tumor growth in SW480 xenograft models. Using syngeneic mouse models, we found that divalent peptide3A5 improved the efficacy of anti-programmed death (PD)1 antibody, and lung metastasis. In addition, by using multivalent peptide library screening based on peptide3A5, we then isolated two more candidates; divalent ILVIK, and tetravalent ILVIK. Of note, multivalent ILVIK, but not monovalent ILVIK showed competitive inhibitory activity against TLR4/MD-2 complex, and anti-tumoral activity in SW480 xenograft models. As most tumor cells including SW480 cells also express TLR4, S100A8 inhibitory peptides would target both the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells. Thus, multivalent S100A8 inhibitory peptides would provide new pharmaceutical options for aggressive cancers.
Gene expression during the formation of resting spores in the marine diatom Chaetoceros socialis
Authors: Pelusi Angela , Ambrosino Luca , Miralto Marco , Chiusano Maria Luisa , Rogato Alessandra , Ferrante Maria Immacolata , Montresor Marina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDormancy is widespread in both multicellular and unicellular organisms. Among diatoms, unicellular microalgae at the base of all aquatic food webs, several species produce dormant cells (spores or resting cells) that can withstand long periods of adverse environmental conditions. ResultsWe present the first gene expression study during the process of spore formation in the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros socialis. Spore formation was induced by nitrogen depletion. Genes related to photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation, including high-affinity nitrate transporters (NTRs), were downregulated. While the former result is a common reaction among diatoms under nitrogen stress, the latter seems to be exclusive of the spore-former C. socialis. The upregulation of catabolic pathways, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle and beta-oxidation, suggests that this diatom could use lipids as a source of energy during the process of spore formation. Furthermore, the upregulation of a lipoxygenase and several aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) advocates the presence of oxylipin-mediated signalling, while the upregulation of genes involved in dormancy-related pathways conserved in other organisms (e.g. serine/threonine-protein kinases TOR and its inhibitor GATOR) provides interesting avenues for future explorations. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the transition from an active growth phase to a resting one is characterized by marked metabolic changes and provide evidence for the presence of signalling pathways related to intercellular communication.
Economic Growth- The Log Symmetry of Collaborative Learning Populations
Authors: Ridley Dennis , Korovyakovskaya Inessa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human beings are not only intelligent they comprise a social species capable of extensive cooperation. Moreover, they collaborate. Individual human efforts segregate into incongruous silos of multimodal distributions of expression and low performance. A social psychological, economic and mathematical review indicates that collaboration can integrate mental facilities into a congruent unimodal normal distribution of expression and high performance not otherwise possible. The ontology of symmetry is remarkable and compelling. The learning outcomes are natural for economic growth and human development.
MRV Challenge 2: Phase Locked Turbulent Measurements in a Roughness Array
Authors: Benson Michael , Banko Andrew , Elkins Christopher , Eaton John , An Don-Gwan , Song Simon , Bruschewski Martin , Grundmann Sven , Bandopadhyay Tuhin , Roca Laura Villafane , Sutton Brad , Han Kyuho , Hwang Wontae 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV) provides capabilities to measure three velocity components across three dimensional fields of view without the need for optical accessibility. Predominant usage of the technique in engineering applications centers on steady flows and the discussion of a single time-averaged set of data. In this second MRV Challenge comparison, phase-locked MRV measurements of a pulsatile flow are conducted by five teams from across the globe. A geometry is explored which consists of turbulent flow past six identical cubic elements placed in the center of a square water channel, with partial elements along each side of periodically varying heights. A pulsatile injection flow through the floor between the second and third cubic roughness elements creates a three-dimensional jet that interacts with the complex cube wakes. The details of each scan sequence are summarized for the teams. Results are compared for three different time windows – one pre- injection, a second while the injection flow accelerates, and a third during a quasi-steady condition with the injector fully on. Finally, the influence of the temporal resolution selection for the phase locked MRV is discussed. The results are remarkably similar despite the complex flow configuration selection and showcase a relatively underutilized capability to obtain time-dependent, volumetric data for periodic flows through three-dimensional geometries using MRI. Recommendations for best practices are also provided.
Lactoferrin Feeding Deficiency during Lactation Increases the Risk of Depression in Adult Mice by Affecting Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Development
Authors: Wang wenli , Cheng zhimei , Wang Xiong , An qin , Huang kunlun , Dai yunping , Meng qingyong , Zhang yali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lactoferrin is an active protein in breast milk that plays an important role in the growth and development of infants and is implicated as a neuroprotective agent. The incidence of depression is currently increasing, and it is unclear whether the lack of lactoferrin during lactation affects the incidence of depression in adulthood.
Objectives
The purpose of our work was to investigate the effect of lactoferrin feeding deficiency during lactation on adult depression and related mechanisms.
Methods
Lactoferrin knockout mice provided lactoferrin-free milk to establish a lactoferrin feeding deficiency model during lactation. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model was established when the mice reached 9 weeks of age. Behavioural performance, serum indicators, and the microbiota, intestine, and hippocampus injury of the CUMS mice were investigated; RNA-seq of the small intestine and hippocampus, and gut microbiota compositions in 18-day-old lactoferrin-free mice were analysed; the development of the intestine and hippocampus and microbiota compositions in adult lactoferrin-free mice were also examined.
Results
Lack of lactoferrin feeding during lactation affected the barrier and innate immune functions of the intestine, disrupted the intestinal microflora, and led to neuroimmune dysfunction and neurodevelopmental delay in the hippocampus. When exposed to external stimulation, adult lactoferrin feeding-deficient mice presented with worse depression-like symptoms; the mechanisms involved were activation of the LPS–TLR4 signalling pathway in the intestine and hippocampus, reduced BDNF signalling pathway in hippocampus, increased abundance of depression-related bacteria, and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings reveal that feeding lactoferrin during lactation can reduce the risk of depression in adults. The mechanism is related to the regulatory effect of lactoferrin on the development of the "microbial–intestinal–brain" axis.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the anthocyanin-related genes during seed coat development in six Brassica species
Authors: Chen Daozong , Chen Haidong , Dai Guoqiang , Zhang Haimei , Liu Yi , Shen Wenjie , Zhu Bo , Cui Cheng , Tan Chen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yellow seed is one favorite trait for the breeding of Brassica oilseed crops, but the performance of seed coat color is very complicated due to the involvement of various pigments. The variation of the seed coat color of Brassica crops was related to the specific expression of transcription factors which regulated the up-regulated expression of catalytic enzymes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Although there have been previous reports on the regulation mechanism of seed coat color from linkage marker development, gene fine-mapping and multi-omics association analysis, the seed coat color of Brassica crops is affected by events such as genome triploidization, the regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in six Brassica crops in U-triangle at the genome-wide level and performed collinearity analysis. A total of 1119 anthocyanin-related genes were identified, the collinear relationship of anthocyanin-related genes on subgenomic chromosomes was the best in B.napus (AACC) and the worst in B.carinata (BBCC). The comparison of gene expression related to anthocyanin metabolic pathways in seed coats during seed development revealed differences in anthocyanin metabolism among these species. Interestingly, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors MYB5 and TT2 were differentially expressed at all eight stages of seed coat development, indicating that they might be the key genes that caused the variation of the seed coat color. The expression curve and trend analysis of the seed coat development period showed that the main reason for the unexpressed copies of MYB5 and TT2 may be gene silencing caused by gene structural variation. These results were valuable for the genetic improvement of Brassica seed coat color, and also provided new insights into gene multicopy evolution in Brassica polyploids.
Paraburkholderia fungorum GIB024 specifically promotes the mycelial growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Napitupulu Toga Pangihotan , Endo Naoki , Aimi Tadanori , Shimomura Norihiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) sporocarp harbors unique bacteria with high mutual specificity toward their fungal host. However, a high versatile and wide pervasive bacterium, Paraburkholderia fungorum strain GIB024, has been isolated from a Rhizopogon roseolus sporocarp in a Pinus thunbergii forest. Therefore, the specificity interaction pattern toward ECM fungi by the bacterium became intriguing. In vitro agar-based plate approaches of confrontation assays as well as application of a sterilized bacterial suspension to various ECM fungal genera regarding growth promotion were employed. The bacterium significantly promoted the growth of Suillus bovinus, but not R. roseolus, in low sugar medium. However, the opposite result was obtained in the high sugar medium. We then extended the bioassay in low sugar medium to focus on Suillus spp. in association with various plant hosts. GIB024 significantly promoted S. bovinus growth in association with P. thunbergii, but not with P. densiflora. The bacterium had a neutral or inhibitory effect on the growth of other Suillus spp. associated with P. thunbergii as well as other Pinaceae. Furthermore, application of a sterilized bacterial suspension produced effects resembling those of the confrontation assay. These results emphasized the significant role of plant host on determining the mycelial growth-promoting specificity of ECM-associated bacteria.
Expression of Chrna9 is regulated by Tbx3 in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yazawa Takashi , Imamichi Yoshitaka , Kitano Takeshi , Islam Mohammad Sayful , Khan Md. Rafiqul Islam , Takahashi Satoru , Sekiguchi Toshio , Suzuki Nobuo , Umezawa Akihiro , Uwada Junsuke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It was reported that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signaling pathways affect the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. However, detail expression profiles of nAChR genes were unrevealed in these cells. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the gene expression of a subunit of nAChRs (Chrna) during differentiation and induction of pluripotent stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressed multiple Chrna genes (Chrna3-5, 7 and 9) in undifferentiated status. Among them, Chrna9 was markedly down-regulated upon the differentiation into mesenchymal cell lineage. In mouse tissues and cells, Chrna9 was mainly expressed in testes, ES cells and embryonal F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. Expression of Chrna9 gene was acutely reduced during differentiation of ES and F9 cells within 24 h. In contrast, Chrna9 expression was increased in induced pluripotent stem cells established from mouse embryonic fibroblast. It was shown by the reporter assays that T element-like sequence in the promoter region of Chrna9 gene is important for its activities in ES cells. Chrna9 was markedly reduced by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Tbx3, a pluripotency-related transcription factor of the T-box gene family. These results indicate that Chrna9 is a nAChR gene that are transcriptionally regulated by Tbx3 in undifferentiated pluripotent cells.
Creatinine Clearance in Selection of Living Kidney Donor: is It Safe?
Authors: Thye Chee Keong , Lee Yee Wan , Jalalonmuhali Maisarah , Lim Soo Kun , Ng Kok Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Assessment of donor renal function is made by the measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Exogenous markers are preferred over creatinine clearance and are widely used for measuring GFR. However, they are difficult to obtain, costly and laborious. This is a study to look into the safety and accuracy of creatinine clearance for renal assessment among the living kidney donors in the Malaysian population.Methods: This is a retrospective, single-centre study comprising 105 living kidney donor candidates from the year 2007 to 2020. By comparing against 51-Chromium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), we analysed creatinine clearance for correlation, bias, precision and accuracy.Results: The study group had a mean age of 45.68 ± 10.97 years with a mean serum creatinine of 64.43 ± 17.68 mmol/L and a urine volume of 2.06 ± 0.83 L. Mean measured GFR from 51Cr-EDTA was 124.37 ± 26.83 ml/min/1.73m2 whereas mean creatinine clearance was 132.35 ± 38.18 ml/min/1.73m2. Creatinine clearance overestimated 51Cr-EDTA significantly with a correlation coefficient of 0.48 (p < 0.001) and an accuracy of 78.10% within 30% of 51Cr-EDTA.Conclusion: Creatinine clearance is an acceptable alternative for donor renal assessment in the absence of exogenous markers with an emphasis on adequate urine collection followed by using measured GFR in selected cases.
Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): Twelve-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention
Authors: Mueller Julia , Richards Rebecca , Jones Rebecca , Whittle Fiona , Woolston Jennifer , Stubbings Marie , Sharp Stephen , Griffin Simon , Bostock Jennifer , Hughes Carly , Hill Andrew , Boothby Clare , Ahern Amy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives: We developed a guided self-help intervention (Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19, “SWiM-C”) to support adults with overweight or obesity in their weight management during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated the effect of SWiM-C on weight and determinants of weight management over twelve months.Methods: Participants (≥18 years, body-mass-index ≥25kg/m2) were randomised to the SWiM-C intervention or to a standard advice group. Participants completed online questionnaires at baseline, four months, and twelve months. The primary outcome was change in self-reported weight from baseline to twelve months; secondary outcomes were eating behaviour (uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, cognitive restraint of food intake), experiential avoidance/psychological flexibility, mental health (depression, anxiety, stress), wellbeing and physical activity. Interventions: SWiM-C is based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Participants had access to an online web platform with 12 weekly modules and limited email and telephone contact with a trained, non-specialist coach. Standard advice was a leaflet on managing weight and mood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 388 participants were randomised (SWiM-C: n=192, standard advice: n=196). The baseline-adjusted difference in weight change between SWiM-C and standard advice participants was -0.81kg (95% CI: -2.24 to 0.61kg). SWiM-C participants reported a greater reduction in experiential avoidance (-2.45, 95% CI: -4.75 to -0.15), uncontrolled eating (-3.36, 95% CI: -5.66 to -1.06), and emotional eating (-4.14, 95% CI: -7.25 to -1.02) and an increase in physical activity (8.96, 95% CI: 0.29 to 17.62) compared to standard advice participants.Conclusions: Whilst the effect of the SWiM-C intervention on weight was inconclusive, SWiM-C improved eating behaviours, psychological flexibility and physical activity. These factors have been previously identified as determinants of successful weight management. Further refinement of the SWiM-C intervention is necessary to ensure meaningful effects on weight prior to implementation in practice.
Evaluation of age-specific causes of death in the context of the Italian longevity transition
Authors: Nigri Andrea , Aburto Josè Manuel , Basellini Ugofilippo , Bonetti Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In many low-mortality countries, life expectancy at birth increased steadily over the last century. In particular, both Italianfemales and males benefited from faster improvements in mortality compared to other high-income countries, especially fromthe 1960s, leading to an exceptional increase in life expectancy. However, Italy has not become the leader in longevity. Here, weinvestigate life expectancy trends in Italy during the period 1960–2015 for both sexes. Additionally, we contribute to the existingliterature by complementing life expectancy with an indicator of dispersion in ages at death, also known as lifespan inequality.Lifespan inequality underlies heterogeneity over age in populating health improvements and is a marker of uncertainty inthe timing of death. We further quantify the contributions of different age groups and causes of death to recent trends in lifeexpectancy and lifespan inequality. Our findings highlight the contributions of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms to therecent increase in life expectancy but not necessarily to the decrease in lifespan inequality. Our results also uncover a morerecent challenge across Italy: worsening mortality from infectious diseases and mortality at older age.