bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment success with two doses of methotrexate vs single dose of methotrexate in Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy
Authors: Khakwani Mehnaz , Parveen Rashida , Ali Syeda 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To compare the success rates and safety of two-doses of methotrexate versus single dose of methotrexate in ectopic tubal pregnancy.
Methods: This was an open-label, randomized controlled trial done at “The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar University Hospital, Multan” from January 2020 to July 2021. A total of 100 women (50 in each group), aged 20 to 35 years with a tubal ectopic pregnancy were enrolled. All patients were randomly allocated to either single-dose or two-dose methotrexate protocol. Cases were evaluated for treatment success, side effects, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) resolution time and treatment satisfaction.
Results: In a total of 100 cases, mean age was 29.6±4.5 years. Mean serum β -hCG levels at baseline was 1212±78 mIU/ml. Treatment success was noted among 43 (86.0%) cases of single-dose group versus 45 (90.0%) cases (p=0.5382). Duration of β -hCG resolution time was significantly shorter in two-dose group (23.0±12.1 days versus 28.2±12.8 days, p=0.0394). No significant difference was noted in methotrexate associated side effects in both study groups (p=0.9996). Overall, mean satisfaction score was 4.0±1.3 (out of 5).
Conclusion: Although, β -hCG resolution time was significantly low in two-dose protocol but single-dose methotrexate offered comparable success rates versus two-dose protocol. Side effects were mild and comparable in both methotrexate treatment protocols. Methotrexate was found to be effective in the medical management of ectopic pregnancy.
Trial Registry: NCT05208034 at: www.ClinicalTrials.gov
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5251
How to cite this:Riaz A, Sughra U, Jawaid SA, Masood J. Measurement of Service Quality Gaps in Dental Services using SERVQUAL in Public Hospitals of Rawalpindi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5251
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of changes in the expression levels of peripheral blood immunoregulatory T Lymphocytes in children with bronchial asthma accompanied by recurrent infection
Authors: Mi Junda , Guo Yong 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To investigate the changes in the expression levels of peripheral blood immunoregulatory T lymphocytes in children with bronchial asthma accompanied by recurrent infection.
Methods: Eighty children with bronchial asthma admitted to the Third Outpatient Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively selected and divided into two groups according to whether they had recurrent infection: the asthma group (n=49) and the recurrent infection group (n=31). Another 40 children in the same age group who had a health checkup or a surgical hospital preoperative examination were selected as the control group. Peripheral venous blood of each group was taken to measure the expression levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+), and regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, Th17) in CD4+ subsets were detected at the same time. Moreover, Th1/Th2 values were calculated, and the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-21 (IL-21) were measured.
Results: The expression levels of CD3+ lymphocyte subsets were similar among the recurrent infection group, the asthma group, and the control group (P>0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subsets among the three groups (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in Treg, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th1/Th2 values among the recurrent infection group, asthma group and control group (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-4, IL-17 and IL-21 in the three groups also showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Bronchial asthma with recurrent infection may have a close bearing on the expression level of peripheral blood immunoregulatory T lymphocytes, and indirect examination of peripheral blood T lymphocyte level in children can be used clinically to determine the incidence of the disease, which is of high clinical application value.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5521
How to cite this:Mi J, Guo Y. Analysis of changes in the expression levels of peripheral blood immunoregulatory T Lymphocytes in children with bronchial asthma accompanied by recurrent infection. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5521
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of budesonide combined with salbutamol on pulmonary function and peripheral blood eosinophiles and IgE in patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yu , Tang Yanfen , Liu Gang , Chen Qi 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To explore the effect and value of salbutamol and budesonide in the treatment of patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma.
Methods: Medical records of patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma treated in our hospital from February 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 30 patients received salbutamol atomization inhalation treatment in addition to routine treatment such as cough relief, oxygen inhalation and asthma relief (Group-I), and 40 patients received routine treatment and budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation (Group-II). The time of symptom improvement, the improvement in pulmonary function indexes and in peripheral blood eosinophile (EOS) and IgE levels were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two schemes.
Results: After the treatment, the average time of respiratory restriction, cough, shortness of breath and wheezing improvement in patients, treated with Group-II were lower than those in Group-I (P<0.05). Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in Group-II were significantly higher than those in Group-I (P<0.05). Post treatment levels of EOS and IgE in peripheral blood of Group-II were significantly lower than those of Group-I (P<0.05).
Conclusion: On the basis of routine treatment, budesonide combined with salbutamol atomization inhalation for the treatment of patients with acute attack of asthma can be more efficient in improving symptoms and pulmonary, function and promote the effective reduction of EOS and IgE levels in peripheral blood.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5718
How to cite this:Liu J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Liu G, Chen Q. Effects of budesonide combined with salbutamol on pulmonary function and peripheral blood eosinophiles and IgE in patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5718
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinically significant endoscopic findings in a dyspeptic rural population cohort of Sindh, Pakistan: Are we over-investigating?
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Asher Fawwad  , Bushra Rabbani  , Jameel Ahmed  
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To discuss the clinically significant endoscopic findings of the upper GI tract and their association with different age groups in a dyspeptic rural population of Gadap town, Sindh.
Methods: This was a retrospective secondary data analysis of 806 patients conducted in the medical ward of Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University from December 2016 to May 2019. It was approved by the University Ethics Committee. Patients’ demographics and other data related to the procedure were recovered from patients’ records. SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There were marginally more women suffering from dyspepsia as opposed to men (51.5% vs 48.5% respectively). Majority of the patients were less than 45 years of age, with most procedures being performed as outpatients. Nearly 40% of the patients did not have clinically relevant endoscopic findings. Most common significant finding on endoscopic examination was gastritis followed by hiatal hernia.
Conclusion: Normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, regardless of age, is a common finding in patients suffering from dyspepsia in our setting. Therefore, in a resource constraint environment like ours, expensive endoscopic procedures should be reserved for those patients who are not responding to medical therapy or those who have alarm symptoms.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5948
How to cite this:Kamran M, Fawwad A, Rabbani B, Ahmed J. Clinically significant endoscopic findings in a dyspeptic rural population cohort of Sindh, Pakistan: Are we over-investigating? Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5948
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pengembangan LKPD Matematika dengan Model Learning Cycle 7E Berbantuan Mind Mapping
Authors: Rosliana Ina 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan LKPD matematika dengan model Learning Cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping yang berkualitas untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas X SMA/ MA pada materi pokok trigonometri. Model pengembangan menggunakan model prosedural, dengan prosedur pengembangan menurut Depdiknas yang diadaptasi dari prosedur pengembangan Borg dan Gall. Langkah-langkah prosedur pengembangan tersebut yaitu: (1) melakukan analisis produk yang dikembangkan; (2) mengembangkan produk awal; (3) validasi ahli dan revisi; (4) uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan revisi produk; (5) uji coba lapangan skala besar dan produk akhir. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar pedoman wawancara, lembar penilaian LKPD, lembar soal test, dan lembar skala respon peserta didik. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli diperoleh bahwa kualitas LKPD matematika mendapatkan kriteria sangat baik dengan persentase . Berdasarkan nilai post-test diperoleh bahwa sebanyak 86,67% peserta didik yang mengikuti post-test kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan 83,33% peserta didik yang mengikuti post-test kemampuan berpikir kreatif mendapatkan nilai lebih besar atau sama dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM), sehingga telah berhasil memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi pokok trigonometri. Selain itu, respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD matematika dengan model Learning Cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping mendapatkan respon positif dengan persentase . Oleh karena itu, LKPD matematika dengan model learning cycle 7E berbantuan mind mapping pada materi pokok trigonometri kelas X SMA/ MA dikatakan berkualitas dan dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan kriteria ketercapaian valid, efektif, dan praktis.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dan Persepsi Siswa terhadap Gaya Mengajar Guru dengan Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Azka Raekha 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hubungan motivasi belajar dan persepsi siswa terhadap gaya mengajar guru dengan prestasi belajar matematika siswa MA.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif . Teknik pengambilan data digunakan metode tes untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar matematika siswa dan metode angket untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar dan persepsi siswa terhadap gaya mengajar guru. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear ganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara persepsi siswa terhadap gaya mengajar guru terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Dan ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar dan persepsi siswa terhadapa gaya mengajar guru secara bersama-sama dengan prestasi belajar matematika siswa MA
Efektivitas Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Self-Confidence
Authors: Dwi Cahyani Ruri 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dan self confidence siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment dengan desain non equivalent control group design. Variabel penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) serta variabel terikat yaitu kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self confidence siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs Negeri 6 Sleman, sedangkan sampel penelitiannya adalah kelas VII A dan VII D. Kelas VII D dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan treatment berupa pembelajaran dengan model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Kelas VII A dijadikan sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah pretest-posttest kemampuan komunikasi matematis, prescale-postscale self confidence, RPP yang dilengkapi dengan Hypotetical Learning Trajectory, dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS). Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t untuk kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan uji Mann-Whitney untuk self confidence. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan software SPSS 23 dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap self confidence siswa.
Self Awareness Siswa Madrasah Aliyah dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Nu’man Mulin 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui self awareness siswa Madrasah Aliyah ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan kemampuan matematika (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah), baik secara keseluruhan maupun tiap indikator (emotional awareness, accurate self assessment, dan self confidence). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Yogyakarta dengan sampel siswa di 2 Madrasah Aliyah. Instrumen pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah kuesioner self awareness dan dokumen nilai matematika. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t dan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan Self Awareness antara siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan, baik self awareness secara keseluruhan maupun tiap indikator self awareness yaitu emotional awareness, self awareness, dan accurate self assessment dan tidak ada perbedaan self awareness antara siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, siswa dengan kemampuan sedang, dan siswa dengan kemampuan rendah, baik self awareness secara keseluruhan maupun tiap indikator self awareness yaitu emotional awareness, self awareness, dan accurate self assessment. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika belum mampu memberi dampak maksimal terhadap self awareness siswa.
Delegation in Vertical Relationships: The Role of Reciprocity
Authors: Castellani Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyze the decision of a firm to produce an input internally or to delegate the production to a better-informed supplier. The supplier can produce inputs of different qualities. As quality is not verifiable, a selfish supplier always produces the quality that minimizes his costs. A supplier that is motivated by reciprocity may instead produce the quality that maximizes the revenues of the buyer. Accordingly, reciprocity could increase the use of the market. To trigger reciprocal behavior the buyer must propose a contract that the seller perceives to be kind. We find that for reciprocal behavior to show up, it is enough that the supplier is moderately reciprocal. Lastly, we provide some intuitions about how our results change if the supplier is liquidity-constrained and must be granted non-negative profits in all circumstances.
Short-term biological variation study of plasma hemophilia and thrombophilia parameters in a population of apparently healthy Caucasian adults
Authors: Brochier Alice , Mairesse Antoine , Saussoy Pascale , Gavard Christel , Desmet Sandrine , Hermans Cédric , Gruson Damien , van Dievoet Marie-Astrid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Biological variation (BV) data obtained in a standardized way is valuable to assess the analytical requirements and the utility of a reference interval. Our study aimed to determine the short-term BV of thrombophilia (protein S, protein C, activated protein C resistance (APCR) and factor VIII) and hemophilia (factors VIII, IX and XI) parameters in plasma. Coagulation factors V and XII were also evaluated. Based on the obtained data, we assessed analytical performance specifications for the parameters. Finally, we intended to provide a robust tool for comparison of serial measurements of factors V, VIII, IX and XI.

Methods
A blood draw was performed weekly in 19 apparently healthy Caucasian adults for five weeks at Saint-Luc University Hospital (Brussels, Belgium). Parameters were measured in duplicate. BV components were calculated with a nested analysis of variance after exclusion of outliers.

Results
The analytical coefficient of variation (CV) varied from 1.5 to 4.6%, the within-subject CV from 1.6 to 8.9% and the between-subject CV from 3.8 to 24.1%. All parameters showed high individuality. For most parameters, the analytical goal was met with our assays. Reference change values (RCV) of −16.7% to +20.0%, −20.7% to +26.0%, −15.3% to +18.1% and −13.1% to +15.1% were obtained for factors V, VIII, IX and XI respectively.

Conclusions
All studied parameters were highly individualized. The assessment of BV data can guide setting analytical goal specifications. Comparison of serial measurements in the follow-up of patients suffering from hepatic failure or mild hemophilia is facilitated by evaluation of the RCV.
The efficacy and safety of dry cupping in cervical spondylosis with optimization of cup application time – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tehseen Ayesha , Ali Hamid , Husain Nazim , Varda Hina Kouser 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Dry cupping therapy (DCT) is considered beneficial in the amelioration of cervical spondylosis (CS) symptoms in Unani medicine. Therefore, the focus of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of DCT and optimal cup application time duration for CS.

Methods
It was a randomized clinical trial involving 45 participants with clinically diagnosed CS. The eligible subjects were randomly categorized into three groups, each having 15 participants. Each of the three groups, i.e., A, B, and C, received DCT daily for 15 days for 8 min, 10 min, and 12 min, respectively. All the participants were evaluated at the baseline, 7th, and 15th days of the trial using the neck disability index (NDI) as well as the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results
The baseline mean ± SD of NDI and VAS scores were significantly reduced in all the three groups at the end of the trial. Although all three groups were statistically equal in terms of NDI, group-C demonstrated greater efficacy in terms of VAS.

Conclusions
The per-protocol analysis showed that dry cupping effectively alleviated neck pain across all treatment groups. Although, this effect on neck disability index was statistically equal in all three groups, the 12-min protocol was more successful in reducing pain.
Ambient refractive index sensitivity of long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with reduced cladding thickness using three-layer fiber geometry approach
Authors: Prashar Shivendu , Singh Sartajvir , Sood Vishakha , Sharma Sandhya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents the refractive index (RI) sensitivity study of cladding reduced uniform long-period fiber grating. The displacement of resonant wavelength with the change in ambient RI is observed to inspect the sensitivity. Here, the grating period is fixed at a value (550 μm) to analyze RI sensitivity of cladding modes (HE13-HE14). However, it varies in earlier mathematical studies to adjust the resonant wavelength of all modes at a specific wavelength. The three-layer fiber geometry-based mathematical approach is employed to estimate the core and cladding modes. The obtained results support decline in quantity of cladding modes sustained by a single-mode fiber. The decrease in cladding radius has shown enhancement in RI sensitivity. For a reduction of 22 μm in cladding radius, the highest ordered HE14 cladding mode has shown 5.8 times improvement in its sensitivity.
The Conceptual Origin of Worldview in Kant and Fichte
Authors: Englert Alexander T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kant and Fichte developed the concept of a worldview as a way of reflecting on experience as a whole. But what does it mean to form a worldview? And what role did it play in the German Idealist tradition? This paper seeks to answer these questions through a detailed analysis of the form of a philosophical worldview and its historical portent, both of which remain unexplored in the literature. The dearth of attention is partially to blame on Kant’s desultory development of it, as well as its place in Fichte’s understudied lectures on religion. In this paper, I first reconstruct Kant’s conception as the starting point and then trace it to Fichte who went on to evolve it further. Fichte endorses the basic conceptual shape pioneered by Kant, namely, a reflective process of positing an idea and then checking the coherence of necessary judgments relative to it. However, Fichte came to realize that its philosophical function needed expanding. Beyond recognizing the possibility for alternative worldviews, Fichte further fleshed out how worldview creation could lead to human flourishing. The common feature between both thinkers is that the formation of a worldview aims to turn philosophy into a life-orienting exercise.
Iffy discourse: Japanesemoshiin conditionals and nominal topics
Authors: Yang Muyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConditional antecedents often contain elements that require the truth of the antecedent proposition to be open. One such element is Japanesemoshi, which can occur in conditional antecedents and topics. I argue that in both constructions,moshirequires the context to be “iffy”, in that the antecedent proposition or the set of individuals picked out by the topic must not be settled by the context. I build on Ebert, Christian, Cornelia Ebert & Stefan Hinterwimmer (2014. A unified analysis of conditionals as topics.Linguistics and Philosophy37(5). 353–408) and analyzemoshias an element that imposes a variation requirement on the speech act performed by conditional antecedents and topics.