bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Multiplication of Paramongaia weberbaueri
Authors: Dinkelman Kerry , Finnie Jeffrey F. , Drennan Philippa M. , van Staden Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The bulbs of Paramongaia weberbaueri Valerde, a member of the Amaryllidaceae, are extremely rare (5, 6). This plant is indigenous to Peru, where is has a restricted habitat of ≈500 ha. The flowers of P. weberbaueri are narcissus-like in shape, measuring 15 to 23 cm in diameter, butter yellow, and fragrant (1, 7). Only recently have bulbs of this desirable plant become available for cultivation. Plant multiplication is by bulblet offsets or seed (1, 5, 7). The bulbs normally produce only two offsets per season, with a maturation period of 2 to 3 years. Propagation of P. weberbaueri by in vitro techniques has not been reported, and it would be advantageous if the multiplication rate can be accelerated using this technique.
Cell and Tissue Damage Associated with Pistillate Flower Abscission of Persian Walnut
Authors: Catlin P. B. , Polito V. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pistillate flowers from walnut trees having > 80% pistillate flower abscission (PFA) were examined from the time of anthesis until shortly before abscission. In addition to normally developing flowers, two types of abortive flowers were found. One abnormal flower type, seen in only two cases, lacked a developed embryo sac and had cellular degeneration in the nucellus. The second type of damaged flowers, which were more commonly observed, had apparently normal development of the nucelli and embryo sacs, but cell and tissue necrosis became evident beginning at the tip of the stigma, in the integuments, and throughout the placental evaginations. No cell or tissue damage was observed until after ovary growth in these flowers had stopped. We conclude that this second type of damage is associated with PFA.
Embryo Sac Development in Sour Cherry During the Pollination Period as Related to Fruit Set
Authors: Furukawa Yoshishige , Bukovac Martin J· 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of the embryo sac was followed during the pollination period in ‘Montmorency’ sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and related to fruit set. Twenty five percent to 40% of the embryo sacs were incomplete, degenerating, or contained four nuclei or fewer at anthesis and were considered nonfunctional. The effective pollination period extended for 3 to 5 days in each of two growing seasons, and fruit set ranged from 14% to 26%. The incidence of nonfunctional ovules at anthesis did not appear to be sufficient to fully account for the limited fruit set observed. Other factors, most likely physiological, play a contributing role.
Evaluation of Cherry Genotypes for Resistance to Fruit Infection by Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey
Authors: Brown Susan K. , Wilcox Wayne F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit from 33 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and 21 sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) genotypes were harvested at two stages of maturity (green and ripe). Unblemished fruit were inoculated with a suspension containing 103, 104, or 105 conidia of Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey per ml, misted for 24 hours at 20C, then incubated 6 days at 20C and 95% to 97% RH. Percent fruit infection was determined and analyzed separately for sweet and sour genotypes. The effects of genotype, inoculum concentration, and stage of maturity, and all interactions between these factors, were significant. Sweet cherries were significantly more susceptible to infection than sour cherries at the green fruit stage, but not at harvest maturity.
Cross-incompatibility of Two Related Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars
Authors: Darnell Rebecca L. , Lyrene Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars Beckyblue and its open-pollinated progeny Aliceblue, both of which are known to be highly male- and female-fertile, were self-pollinated, reciprocally cross-pollinated, and pollinated with pollen from a third cultivar, Climax, which is not closely related to the other two. Fruit set percentage on ‘Aliceblue’ and ‘Beckyblue’ averaged 65% when ‘Climax’ was the pollen parent and < 1% when the cultivars were self-pollinated. Reciprocal crosses of ‘Beckyblue’ and ‘Aliceblue’ averaged 24% set, indicating a high degree of cross-incompatibility. There was no effect of pollen parent on berry fresh weight, although seed weight and seed number were reduced by self-pollination or pollination by the related cultivar.
In Vitro Bulblet Formation in Dutch Iris
Authors: Mielke Kathryn A. , Anderson Wilbur C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro bulbing of Dutch iris (Irish xiphium × I. tingitana) was developed to facilitate transfer of tissue-cultured plant materials to greenhouse conditions. The environmental factors that increased bulb number, size, and weight were: 22C or higher for 6 months where there was no prechilling period and complete darkness. Bulblet formation was not enhanced when the culture medium was supplemented with auxins, cytokinins, or combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The most favorable medium constituents were 6% to 38% sucrose, full-strength Murashige and Skoog inorganics, and 0.6% to 0.8% Phytagar.
Use of Transparent Polyethylene Rhizo-bags to Study Growth of Peach Roots
Authors: Merhaut Donald J. F. , Latimer Joyce G. , Daniell Jeff W. , Karnok Keith J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nondestructive studies of plant root systems are limited to hydroponic and glass-wall-type growing systems, which are expensive and limit the ways to observe and measure root structures. The following system was adapted from agronomic studies as a convenient, cost-efficient, and sensitive method of monitoring root growth of horticultural crops.
Production of Sweet Corn from Transplants
Authors: Wyatt Jim E. , Mullins James A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transplanting has been one means of obtaining earlier yield in certain spring-grown vegetables (Sams, 1983; Weston and Zandstra, 1986). Studies were conducted in 1987 to investigate the feasibility of transplanting sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.), which is normally direct-seeded. The objectives were to determine the effects of container type on sweet corn transplant growth and subsequent plant development and ear quality and to compare transplanted and direct-seeded sweet corn under field conditions.
Use of Uniconazole to Control Height of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Authors: Newman Steven E. , Tenney Susan B. , Follett Melissa W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Production of hibiscus commonly includes chloromequat chloride application to induce shortened plant internodes and to darken green leaves (Wilkins and Kotecki, 1985), but its application has been reported to reduce flower size and flower number of some cultivars (Ball, 1985). Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of (E)-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-y1)-1-pentene-3-ol (uniconazole) for control of plant height, width, leaf distortion, and the number of breaks (vegetative shoots produced from lateral buds) per plant on hibiscus.
Colored Reflective Surfaces to Control Whitefly on Poinsettia
Authors: Kelly John W. , Adler Peter H. , Decoteau Dennis R. , Lawrence Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The greenhouse whitefly [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)] is a major pest of many greenhouse crops, including poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.). Chemical control of the greenhouse whitefly is difficult; therefore, alternative controls are needed.
‘Clare’ Strawberry
Authors: Denisen Ervin L· 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Clare’ is a descendant of ‘Stoplight’, ‘Surecrop’, and ‘Sunrise’ (Fig. 1). Selection Ia. 7-75065, made in 1977, was named ‘Clare’ for my daughter Mary Clare and her grandmother, Clare Peyton. County Clare, Ireland, where I visited in 1985 exploring for breeding material, is an additional reason for the use of Clare.
‘Montecarlo’ and ‘Monterosa’, ‘Borlotto’-type Dry Beans
Authors: Allavena A. , Fadda A. , Soressi G. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Montecarlo’ (P288) and ‘Monterosa’ (P358) are ‘Borlotto’-type dry beans with determinate type I plant habit (Singh, 1982) and resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and halo blight [Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola (Burk.) Dows.] (Hill et al., 1972; Drifjhout et al., 1978). Both were developed at the Experimental Institute for Vegetable Crops, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy. ‘Borlotto’ is a shell bean traditionally grown in Italy for direct marketing of ripe pods and dry seeds or for processing. ‘Borlotto’ has seeds with red stripes on a beige background at maturity and is similar to ‘Taylor's Horticultural’ (Asgrow Seed).
Identification of Ozone-induced Injury on Field-grown Muskmelons
Authors: Simini M. , Simon J. E. , Reinert R. A. , Eason G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliage of field-grown muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.) is susceptible to injury induced by ambient concentrations of ozone. Foliar injury symptoms consisted of interveinal chlorosis of the adaxial surface of the leaf tissue followed by bleaching of the foliage and necrosis. Fully mature leaves were affected more than younger leaves. Controlled fumigations of muskmelon plants with known concentrations of ozone produced foliar symptoms identical to those observed in the field. A differential cultivar response to ozone is reported and potentially tolerant genotypes are identified.
Spray Chemical Deposits in High-density and Trellis Apple Orchards
Authors: Byers R. E. , Hogmire H. W. , Ferree D. C. , Hall F. R. , Donahue S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemicals deposited on foliage varied by a factor of three to five times when sprays were applied with an airblast sprayer to apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in various training systems. Deposits were higher with vertical than horizontal training systems, smaller tree sizes, and less-dense tree canopies of spur-type trees. The Lincoln canopy tree training system prevented good spray penetration because the airblast spray pattern was split by the horizontal nature of the canopy.
Rate and Distribution of Emergence of Sweet Corn Silk
Authors: Lancaster Donn , Pee Katharine , Story Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Early (Expt. 1) and mid-season (Expt. 2) field plantings of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were used to determine a daily average rate of silk emergence per ear, a daily distribution of newly emerging silks, and an estimate of the daily amount of newly emerged silk mass in a simulated field situation. The primary silking period of Expt. 1 was 9 days [227 growing degree-days (GDD)], compared with 7 days (203 GDD) for Expt. 2. Forty-two percent of the ears in Expt. 1 showed silk emergence on days 4 and 5 of the silking period, compared with 52% on days 3 and 4 for Expt. 2. Maximum silk weight per ear was reached after ≈87 GDD in both experiments. Rate of emergence and total silk weight per ear were higher from Expt. 2 compared with Expt. 1. Daily emergence distributions and per ear rates of emergence were combined in a 10,000 ear production simulation. The mass of newly accumulating silk reached a peak extending through the 110 to 140 GDD period in Expt. 1. Silk mass reached a higher, more concentrated peak around 100 GDD in Expt. 2.
Medium and Hydrogel Affect Production and Wilting of Tropical Ornamental Plants
Authors: Wang Yin-Tung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viterra hydrogel at rates of 0, 1.75, or 2.50 kg·m−3 was tested for the production of three tropical ornamental plant species in two or all of the three media. These were a commercial peat-lite medium (SUN), a medium consisting of equal volumes of peatmoss, bark, and sand (PBS), and a mix containing equal volumes of peatmoss and bark (PB). Codiaeum was grown in SUN and PBS, Dieffenbachia was produced in all three media, and Hibiscus was planted in SUN and PB. Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume ‘Norma’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’ grew more and required a longer time to reach initial wilting when grown in SUN than PBS. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ‘Brilliant Red’ had similar growth in SUN and PB. In general, hydrogel had no beneficial effect on plant growth in a greenhouse. Hydrogel extended the time required to reach initial wilting of C. variegatum by 3 days (from 24 to 27 days), but had no effect on Dieffenbachia. Leachate from PBS had higher pH and lower electrical conductance (EC) than that from SUN. Hydrogel had no effect on leachate pH, but decreased EC of the leachate for C. variegatum used at the 2.5 kg·m−3 rate and for H. rosa-sinensis at both rates.
Replant Management Strategies Influence Early Growth of Apple Trees in a Sand Soil
Authors: Peryea F. J. , Covey R. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of rootstock (seedling, M.26, MM.106), soil fumigation (metam-sodium, methyl bromide), and planting hole substrate (original soil, non-orchard soil, organic mix) on early growth of ‘Granny Smith’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) in a Quincy sand. Application of soil fumigants in the fall before tree planting the next spring or replacement of the original soil with non-orchard planting hole substrates having greater water-holding capacity and nutrient status significantly improved tree growth. Combination of fumigation and soil replacement had a synergistic positive effect on tree growth. The size-controlling characteristics of the rootstocks were evident in the non-orchard soil and organic mix treatments, but not when the trees were planted in the original orchard soil. Chemical name used: sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium).
Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Effects on Potato Brown Center and Hollow Heart
Authors: McCann I. R. , Stark J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant interactions between irrigation and N management for total yield and for incidence of brown center or hollow heart in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Russet Burbank) were found in field studies conducted in southeastern Idaho during 1987 and 1988. When soil water content was maintained at 80% to 90% available, 30 kg N/ha applied weekly for 3 weeks, beginning shortly after tuber initiation, resulted in a higher incidence of brown center or hollow heart than when the same total amount of N was applied pre-plant or in smaller increments over a longer period of time.
Uniconazole-induced Alleviation of Low-temperature Damage in Relation to Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Upadhyaya Abha , Davis Tim D. , Walser R. H. , Galbraith A. B. , Sankhla N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Marketer) seedlings were treated with 100 μg of soil-applied uniconazole and then exposed to 22 or − 1C for 8 hours 1 week following treatment. Following exposure to − 1C, electrolyte leakage from leaf tissue of treated plants was about one-third that of the controls, indicating that uniconazole reduced low-temperature damage. Foliar proline content was unaffected by uniconazole at 22C, but, following low temperature exposure, was ≈25% less in treated than in control plants. Following low-temperature exposure, malondialdehyde content was ≈25% less in treated seedlings than in controls, suggesting that uniconazole may have decreased low temperature-induced lipid peroxidation. Uniconazole-induced low-temperature tolerance was accompanied by increased levels or activities of various antioxidants, including glutathione, peroxidase, and catalase. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that triazole-induced stress tolerance is due, at least in part, to increased antioxidant activity that reduces stress-related oxidative damage to cell membranes. Chemical names used: γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (glutathione); (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)penten-3-ol (uniconazole, XE-1019).
Slow-release Growth Retardant Tablets for Potted Plants
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Martin Willis C. , Bruce Reed R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth retardants ancymidol, flurprimidol, and chlormequat chloride were incorporated into plaster of paris tablets and compared to drenches on various plants. Ancymidol tablets were as effective as drenches in controlling height and increasing racemes of Clerodendrum thomasoniae Balf. (southern bleeding heart). Drenches of ancymidol and flurprimidol reduced the height of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Easter lily) more than tablets; flurprimidol reduced Lilium height more than ancymidol. Tablets reduced the height of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (poinsettia) cvs. Topstar and V-14 Glory, but not C-1 Red. Ancymidol drenches produced shorter ‘C-1 Red’ and ‘V-14 Glory’ plants than tablets. Tablets reduced bract diameter more than drenches. Flurprimidol tablets produced the smallest bracts. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); α-(1-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol (flurprimidol); 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (chlormequat chloride); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
Growth Regulators and Shading Reduce Flowering of Leucospermum cv. Red Sunset
Authors: Napier D. R. , Jacobs G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid and ethephon treatment reduced the responsiveness of decapitated shoots to inductive short days of winter for flowering in Leucospermum R.Br. cv. Red Sunset (pincushion plant). Shading plants during the reproductive phase caused a rapid loss in responsiveness to inductive short days. Shade-induced loss in responsiveness was enhanced by GA3 and ethephon. Changes in carbohydrate status of shoots on plants grown under shade or in full sun are discussed in relation to flowering. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Production and Storage Factors Influencing Quality of Potted Easter Lilies
Authors: Prince Timothy A. , Cunningham Maria S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Termination of liquid fertilizer application at the visible bud stage or 2 weeks later during production of potted Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ increased foliar chlorosis development relative to fertilization until harvest on plants stored for 3 weeks at 2C in the dark. Drenches of ancymidol applied during early production increased poststorage foliar chlorosis and bud abortion. Polyethylene (PE) lining of boxes used for cold storage and simulated shipment of potted lilies reduced water loss but did not affect subsequent floral longevity, but abortion, or foliar chlorosis. Spermidine application before boxed storage did not influence foliar chlorosis.
Inexpensive Elution of Paper Chromatographs1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness Eleanor P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the techniques of column, paper, thin layer, and gas chromatography are playing a rapidly increasing role in horticultural laboratories and in the interests of horticulturists, two papers on chromatography technique are presented in this issue. W. E. Ballinger and Eleanor P. Maness of North Carolina State University offer an improvement in paper chromatography which has enabled them to materially increase laboratory productivity in the separation of anthocyanins from blueberries. M. Allen Stevens of Campbell Research Institute briefly, but concisely, surveys the principles of gas chromatography and illustrates several horticultural research potentials with this new medium.
Criteria for Breeder Protection
Authors: Jones Charles M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant breeders in the U.S. would agree that some modification of the present system of breeder protection is necessary if plant breeding is to continue to perform its role in the development of our agricultural industry. It is clear that plant breeding, like any other type of product development, requires sufficient financial support if it is to be successful. I believe that insufficient resources are allocated to plant breeding at the present time. Furthermore, resources are allocated unevenly with adisproportionate share going to that segment where it is possible for the developer to exert some control over marketing the product.
A New Method of Stool Bed Layering
Authors: Hogue E. J. , Granger R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Layering is a common commercial method of propagating plant material, particularly plants such as currants and gooseberries, which reproduce naturally in this manner. European nurserymen have used layering extensively for the propagation of ornamental schrubs and trees (5). Mound or stool layering (stooling) is a method which involves cutting a plant back to the ground during the dormant season and mounding soil or other media around the base of the newly developing shoots to encourage roots to form on them (1, 2). Stooling is the most common method of propagating clonal rootstocks (4) especially for material, such as some East Mailing, Malling-Merton and Malus robusta apple stocks that are not always easily rooted as cuttings.
Potassium Needs - Diagnosis and Use on Vegetable Crops
Authors: Wilcox Gerald E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vegetables have high K needs because of the succulent nature of the harvested portion of the crop. The K removal is highest for leafy vegetables when the entire plant is removed, as with celery, and least for the seed crops such as peas and lima beans. The amount of K removed in the crop varies from 80 lbs/A for peas to 350 lbs/A for celery while the majority of vegetables remove in the range of 100-150 lbs/A K.
Sap Stress and Water Uptake in Detached Shoots of Wilt-Diseased and Normal Rhododendrons1
Authors: De Roo H. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The water economy of plants often is seriously unbalanced by root destruction or vascular occlusion induced by various rot organisms. Water absorption by the roots and water transport within the plants is impeded and wilting follows. Beckman (1) reviewed the literature on the histological and physiological changes in host plants infected with pathological wilts. Dimond and Edgington (2), studying the mechanics of water transport in healthy and Fusarium-vrilted tomato plants, pointed out the tremendous pressure deficits that are required to maintain normal water flow into leaves through partially plugged vessels.
The Relationship of Anthocyanin Content to Cold Hardiness of Hedera Helix1,2
Authors: Steponkus Peter L. , Lanphear F. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold hardiness of Hedera helix L. var. Thorndale was ultimately unaffected by photoperiod. Anthocyanin accumulation was a photoperiodic-high light intensity response. There was no correlation between anthocyanin content and cold hardiness in plants exposed to different photoperiods and light intensities.
Mineral Relationships Between Yellow and Green Peas Grown for Freezing
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Baker A. S. , Woodbridge C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yellow or blond peas are a serious problem during some years for growers and processors of dark green peas grown for freezing in the Pacific Northwest. Previous reports (6, 10) indicate that most yellow peas in varieties grown for freezing result from insufficient light reaching the developing ovules before they have reached half-size. The senior author has found (unpublished data) that off-color peas are usually in the lower shaded pods and that gibberellin applied at full bloom resulted in more vegetative growth, lodging, and yellow peas.
Evolving Ethylene from Calamondin Fruits and Seedlings Treated with Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Rasmussen G. K. , Jones J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of 1% and 2% ascorbic acid stimulated evolution of ethylene from mature fruit of ‘calamondin’ (Citrus reticulata var. austera ? X Fortunella sp?) enclosed in flasks and from 2-year-old trees bearing mature fruit. Prolonged exposure of the trees to the evolved ethylene increased abscission of fruit and leaves. Low levels of ethylene bubbled into the containers also increased abscission of fruit and leaves.