bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succession of metabolically active Anaeromyxobacter community in flooded paddy soil owing to organic carbon input
Authors: Li Lina , Qu Zhi , Jia Rong , Li Tingliang , Qu Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnaeromyxobacter spp. are prevalent and can make important contribution to microbial Fe(III) reduction in flooded paddy soils, which could be greatly regulated by exogenous organic C input. In this study, dynamics in the abundance and structure of metabolically active Anaeromyxobacter community based on RNA level were investigated by a 40‐d anaerobic incubation of paddy soils amended with glucose at 0.1 and 0.5 mol C kg−1 soil, respectively. Compared with the control treatment, glucose additions generally showed obvious inhibitory effect on the Anaeromyxobacter growth; glucose addition at low concentration decreased the abundance of Anaeromyxobacter by 3.56 × 106 to 4.06 × 107 copies g–1 soil within the first 5 d of incubation, whereas a remarkable decrease by 4.54 × 106 to 7.71 × 107 copies g–1 soil occurred after paddy soils were amended with high glucose concentration. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans‐like OTU_1 (where OTU stands for operational taxonomic unit) was dominant in the metabolically active Anaeromyxobacter community and showed significant and positive relationship with Fe(III) reduction process. The structure of Anaeromyxobacter community was greatly altered by glucose additions, and divergences mainly occurred after 5 d of incubation. Additionally, glucose additions could enhance interactions within the Anaeromyxobacter community, especially for positive correlations. In general, glucose addition could greatly inhibit the abundance and alter the structure of Anaeromyxobacter community by jointly decreasing soil pH; however, it could promote the final Fe(III) reduction by enhancing the utilization of Anaeromyxobacter to crystalline Fe oxide.
Face‐to‐face interactions and the returns to acquisitions: Evidence from smartphone geolocational data
Authors: Testoni Marco , Sakakibara Mariko , Chen M. Keith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the effect of face‐to‐face interactions between acquirers and targets before the acquisition announcements on acquisition returns. We argue that frequent interactions increase the target management's trust in the acquirer and benefit the acquirer by mitigating competition in the bidding process. For a sample of U.S. domestic acquisitions, we use smartphone geolocational data to measure the movement of people between merging companies in the months before the announcement. We find that with more frequent interactions, acquirers earn higher stock market returns at the announcement and targets receive fewer later bids from other bidders. Moreover, more frequent interactions are associated with lower returns to public targets vis‐à‐vis their acquirers. The effect of interactions is weaker when shareholder‐manager agency problems in the target are less severe.Managerial SummaryPrevious research shows that while acquisitions can create synergistic gains, the presence of potentially competing bidders forces acquirers to pay a high price for their targets, which makes acquisitions generally unprofitable for acquirers. We provide evidence suggesting that frequent social interactions between the acquirer's and the target's management in the pre‐acquisition phase increase the target management's trust in the acquirer, making it more willing to cede control to the acquirer and less eager to seek alternative bidders. By mitigating competition in the bidding process, social interactions make acquisitions more profitable for acquirers vis‐à‐vis targets. Social interactions are less effective when the target's management owns a larger share of the target or is better monitored by shareholders (e.g., in companies with concentrated ownership or private companies).
Artificial intelligence leads the reform of education models
Authors: Qu Jianjing , Zhao Yanan , Xie Yongping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence has become a new engine to achieve innovation‐driven development. Integrating artificial intelligence and education will lead to a new education development model and promote better education. Analysing the development trends in artificial intelligence education in various countries shows the demands for training and platform construction of artificial intelligence education. Artificial intelligence education presents the characteristics of diversified technology, personalized instruction, and intelligent student assessment.
Thermo‐mechanical experiments on reinforced concrete beams: Assessing thermal, mechanical, and mixed impacts on fiber optic measurements
Authors: Clauß Felix , Ahrens Mark Alexander , Mark Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrain and temperature measurements on reinforced concrete structures with Rayleigh‐based fiber optic sensors (FOS) promise dense data networks of crucial structural parameters. In this context, the measurement of temperature and mechanical strain is invariably intertwined, precipitating in a frequency shift recorded via FOS. Consecutive experiments were carried out on reinforced concrete beams under mechanical, thermal, and thermo‐mechanical loading. Basic analysis of fiber optics equations indicates the sensitivities toward both influences. These are quantified and juxtaposed in experiments, first separately and subsequently combined. As concerns temperature measurement, the slightest tensile forces exerted onto the FOS may engender distortions of several degrees Celsius. Conversely, strain measurements are affected by temperature changes to a lesser degree. Nevertheless, the level of strain to be sensed and the severity of corrupting temperature shifts must be carefully weighted. The article raises awareness for the coupling of temperature and strain and enables the practitioner to identify and assess perturbations.
Mitigation of membrane fouling of alginate with combined actions of aeration and powdered activated carbon: Fouling behaviors and mechanisms
Authors: Liu Ya‐Juan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA laboratory‐scale flat‐sheet ceramic microfiltration membrane system was developed to investigate the membrane fouling behaviors and mechanisms of sodium alginate (SA) in the presence of aeration and powdered activated carbon (PAC). When the SA concentration increased from 20 to 500 mg/L, the permeate flux decreased by 81.7%, and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and resistance increased 1.7 and 24.5 times, respectively. At an SA concentration of 500 mg/L, it was found that the membrane fouling tended to decrease with the increase in the aeration rate, indicating high control of the fouling by air scouring, while PAC–aeration scouring produced a significant improvement in the permeate flux with substantially reduced fouling. In the microfiltration of 500 mg/L SA at an air flow rate of 2.2 L/min and PAC concentrations of 40, 100, and 250 mg/L, the flux increased by 179.3%, 238.0%, and 302.7%, the TMP decreased by 32.6%, 34.8%, and 45.7%, and the cake and pore blocking resistance decreased by 78.0%, 85.1%, and 87.9%, respectively, compared to the corresponding values without PAC–aeration scouring. Intermediate blocking and complete blocking models were confirmed to elucidate the effect of aeration scouring and PAC–aeration scouring on the mitigation of membrane fouling by SA.Practitioner Points

Air scouring was effective at mitigating membrane fouling of sodium alginate.
The addition of PAC could alleviate membrane fouling of SA.
Synergistic scouring by aeration and PAC offers a promising means for more‐efficient and cost‐effective control of membrane fouling.
The fouling mechanisms in various scenarios were elucidated.
Experiences of Mozambican Migrant Children in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Chiyangwa Betty , Rugunanan Pragna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSecond-generation migrant children have difficulties in accessing education in rural areas. This chapter considers the intersection of migration and education in rural contexts in South Africa, often an under-researched area. The research adopted a qualitative approach paradigm. Ten semi-structured, child-centred interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted with ten migrant children and their caregivers in Hluvukani village, rural Bushbuckridge, South Africa. Through a Rational approach, this chapter discovered that second-generation Mozambican migrant children aged from 13-18 years strongly value education access. Some of the challenges experienced result from a lack of identity documentation, experiences of xenophobia, discrimination and social exclusion. This chapter argues that, despite the multiple vulnerabilities, migrant children are not passive recipients. Instead, they are capable beings who sometimes act against various challenges by employing direct, proxy or collective agency.
Apartheid Racism and Post-apartheid Xenophobia: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Kaziboni Anthony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedia images of Africa seems to suggest that the continent is characterised by mass exodus to the Global North. Most African migration actually occurs within the continent. Conflict and other governance challenges, as well as poverty and relative deprivation all contribute to human mobility within the continent, as well as overseas. On the continent, South Africa is the most preferred destination by immigrants – the country has a robust economy and constitutionalism firmly grounded in the respect for human rights. Xenophobic violence has continued to erupt in the “new” South Africa and I attribute this to a culture of violence in South Africa originating from apartheid. Immigrants in South Africa experience multiple forms of discrimination and oppression which manifest in covert and overt experiences of xenophobia. Looking at South to South migration, in this chapter I investigate the consequences of intra-African migration, and particularly how xenophobia in the post-apartheid state is grounded in South Africa’s racist past, and argue that immigrants are surviving in a “post-apartheid-apartheid” South Africa.
“We maZimba… There Is Nothing That We Cannot Do”: The Work Ethic of Undocumented Zimbabwean Day Labourers in eMalahleni, South Africa
Authors: Machinya Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBetween June 2015 and December 2016, I interacted with undocumented Zimbabwean day labourers in eMalahleni. These were predominantly men who congregated at strategic locations such as the local shopping mall, Isibindi Centre, and road intersections around the mall, waiting to be hired for a day’s work. Some of the men, such as Donald, would strategically isolate themselves to avoid competition from the other men and make themselves easily noticeable to prospective employers. One afternoon, in the sweltering heat of October 2015, on my way to Isibindi Centre, I noticed Donald sitting alone with his lawn mower on the roadside. I joined him, and after exchanging salutations, inquired:
Refugee Policy as Infrastructure: The Gulf Between Policy Intent and Implementation for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in South Africa
Authors: Moyo Khangelani , Botha Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter engages the policy practices of the South African state in handling refugees and asylum seekers. The primary focus is on the articulation of migration policy concerning refugees and asylum seekers into physical infrastructure and the lived experiences of refugees in the urban context of Johannesburg. The research considers the decisionmaking timeline involved in developing the policy landscape and resulting migration infrastructure (or lack thereof) for refugees and asylum seekers. We explore policy as hard and soft infrastructure and note that, the refugee and asylum seeker policies in South Africa have at times been shaped to align to migration patterns retrospectively but in recent years - have taken a more restrictive position towards mobility more generally. In engaging these issues, the research draws on the existing literature and insights from key informant interviews with representatives of refugee protection NGOs, the City of Johannesburg migration unit and academic researchers.
Grammatical Structures and Stylistic Strategies
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA number of common grammatical mistakes and stylistic strategies risk undermining clear communication and a professional tone in your manuscript. Common grammatical errors to avoid include failing to use definite and indefinite articles, misplacing modifiers, and using nouns with awkward syntax in place of verbs. A manuscript represents work that was conducted at one time and will be read by scientists later. Therefore, it should be written in past tense. Scientific writing values precision. Active voice clarifies who did the action described in the paper. Science prioritizes observations in the external world and reasoning based upon these observations. A psychological perspective about how the authors feel is a less useful perspective to bring to scientific communication.
Introduction: Virchow Revisited on the Importance of Public Health Political Science
Authors: Fafard Patrick , de Leeuw Evelyne , Cassola Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the choices governments make to address infectious disease threats are necessarily and inherently informed by both scientific evidence and a host of other social, ethical, and economic considerations. Managing what are often competing goals is the stuff of politics. Because public health is political, it only makes sense to draw on the insights of political science, a discipline that seeks to systematically understand how politics and government work. However, what some have called public health political science is a relatively underdeveloped area, in part because of structural barriers that keep these two disciplines from engaging meaningfully. Thus, the major goals of this book are to provide examples of how political science perspectives can be used to better inform public health; to call on political scientists to learn from and engage in public health; and to advance the interconnection of public health and political science as scholarly disciplines. This chapter briefly explores the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of this emergent field and provides a summary sketch of the individual chapters.
How Can Policy Theory Help to Address the Expectations Gap in Preventive Public Health and ‘Health in All Policies’?
Authors: Cairney Paul , Denny Emily St. , Mitchell Heather 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores how to combine insights from public health and political science to explain and adapt to policymaking in preventive public health. First, it describes public health approaches to policy change, focusing on the social determinants of health and the need for high political commitment to health equity. Second, it suggests that, while governments often use the right language to describe public health aims, there is a major gap between commitment, policy, and policy outcomes. We draw on public policy theories to explain this gap, with reference to the ambiguity of preventive policy initiatives, exacerbated by policymaking complexity in which no actor or organisation has strong coordinative capacity. Third, it relates these insights to a qualitative systematic review of ‘Health in All Policies’ (HiAP) research. We compare two different ways to use policy theories for practical lessons: to improve the HiAP playbook and programme logic or to prompt critical reflection on policymaking dilemmas.
Public Health Policymaking, Politics, and Evidence
Authors: Kothari Anita , Smith Maxwell J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the gradient of public health engagement and relationships with politics and political science. On one hand, public health values evidence-based decision-making grounded in orthodox hierarchies of evidence, while on the other, by nature of the issues, there are challenges to obtaining this data and to omitting values and contextual considerations. Additionally, public health competes with other health sectors for time and funding which makes political spheres difficult to break into as public health researchers. Apart from some critical public health scholars, many public health researchers have limited knowledge of policy-related concepts. This chapter describes a gradual shift from evidence-based to evidence-informed decision-making in policy, and what this means for conceptualizing policymaking and politics from a public health lens. Most importantly, the chapter describes the importance of the community as the space from which issues are identified, evidence is generated, and solutions are contextually bound.
Shifting Cultural Paradigms in Global Education: Toward Decolonizing Knowledge
Authors: Rasiah Harun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter surveys three educational policies that contend with cultural difference: cultural sensitivity, multiculturalism, and interculturality. Liberal paradigms such as these operate on the premise of good faith, in which sincere engagement with cultural differences promotes integration into the wider social order and aids in ameliorating racism and ethnic conflict. Critics, however, challenge policies of discursive inclusion for failing to address structural and systemic inequality, which requires more substantive interventions. The origins of educational inequality can be traced to class relations and coloniality, and therefore it is incumbent to question inherited myths and official histories as well as eurocentric concepts, categories, and methods. Decolonizing approaches provide alternative perspectives on culture that, in challenging existing governmental and social arrangements, seek to re-envision educational systems starting at the foundational level of knowledge construction. This contemporary approach is preceded by a long history of Muslim educationists seeking to promote religiosity through a universal outlook based in equality, expressed in “South-South” linkages predating concepts of the third world and global South. Examining education and culture over thelongue duréeprovides a useful context for contemporary debates that problematize eurocentrism and disparities in educational outcomes.
Does Religious Education Have a Future in 21th Century? An Anthropologist on the Continued Relevance of Islamic Education
Authors: Talib Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article argues the Islamic education of the past to have a future in contemporary times. The faith-based resources the educational tradition provides have the potential to reconnect the moral and professional sides of education for various productive roles in modern society. In the contemporary scenario where moral conduct and professional-occupational performance are disunited both conceptually and institutionally, Islamic education faces a challenge to its own relevance. The paper attempts to correct the stereotyping of Islamic education by drawing examples from varied contexts of the transmission of sacred knowledge through different institutional forms. The analysis seeks to recover what the discourse on the reform of Islamic education has ignored. The challenge before Islamic education is how to provide its bearers the conceptual means to make sense of the environing world while remaining steadfast in harboring moral virtue as a skill in the making of modern civilization. One response is to attend to the tools of social science not only for making sense of the modern world but also for engaging in a conversation with scholarly traditions outside the religious sphere. This should help develop the mutual sharing of discursive resources for common purposes between religion and the modern public sphere.
A Theory of the Big Bang in McTaggart’s Time
Authors: Merriam Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are long-standing questions about the Big Bang: What were its properties? Was there nothing before it? Was the universe always here? Many conceptual issues revolve around time. This paper gives a novel model based on McTaggart’s temporal distinction between the A-series (future-present-past) and B-series (earlier-times to later-times). These series are useful while situated in a Presentist and Fragmentalist account of quantum mechanics, one in which the consistency with the Special Relativity (in particular the relativity of simultaneity) will be made explicit (section 6). This allows us to make a fruitful distinction between two pertinent questions: what happens as we go to earlier times toward the Big Bang? And: what happens as we go further into the past toward the Big Bang?
DOM in the long arc of environmental science: looking back and thinking ahead
Authors: McDowell William H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is produced through both microbial degradation and abiotic leaching of solid phase organic matter, and by a wide range of metabolic processes in algae and higher plants. DOM is ubiquitous throughout the hydrologic cycle and plays an important role in watershed management for drinking water supply as well as many aspects of aquatic ecology and geochemistry. Due to its wide-ranging effects in natural waters and analytical challenges, the focal research questions regarding DOM have varied since the 1920s. A standard catchment-scale model has emerged to describe the environmental controls on DOM concentrations. Modest concentrations of DOM are found in atmospheric deposition, large increases occur in throughfall and shallow soil flow paths, and variable concentrations in surface waters occur largely as a result of the extent to which hydrologic flow paths encounter deeper mineral soils, wetlands or shallow organic-rich riparian soils. Both production and consumption of DOM occur in surface waters but appear to frequently balance, resulting in relatively constant concentrations with distance downstream in most streams and rivers. Across biomes the concentration and composition of DOM in flowing waters is driven largely by soil processes or direct inputs to channels, but high levels can be found in streams and rivers from the tropics to the poles. Seven central challenges and opportunities in the study of DOM should frame ongoing research. These include maintaining or establishing long-term records of changes in concentrations and fluxes over time, capitalizing on the use of sensors to describe short-term DOM dynamics in aquatic systems, integrating the full carbon cycle into understanding of watershed and aquatic DOM dynamics, understanding the role of DOM in evasion of greenhouse gases from inland waters, unraveling the enigma of dissolved organic nitrogen, documenting gross versus net DOM fluxes, and moving beyond an emphasis on functional ecological significance to understanding the evolutionary significance of DOM in a wide range of environments.