bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Get insight into the cause of death distribution and epidemiology of penile squamous cell carcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhan Xiangpeng , Chen Luyao , Jiang Ming , Fu Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) survival had no significant improvement since 1990 in the United States. This study aims to get insight into the changing trend and distribution of death causes of PSCC. The epidemiology of PSCC is also investigated.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (1992–2018) database is utilized to get patients diagnosed with penile squamous cell carcinoma. The trend of incidence, distribution of age, changing trend and distribution of death cause, and survival outcome are analyzed for all PSCC patients and each race.ResultsThree thousand four hundred and twenty‐three male patients with PSCC are enrolled in our study. The age‐adjusted incidence rate of the white has a slight increase (Annual percent change [APC] = 0.647%). American Indian/Alaska Native men have the highest average annual incidence, while Asian /Pacific Islander men have the lowest. PSCC patients aged 70–80 are the most common, and patients over 80 years have the highest 3‐year (50%) and 5‐year (63.93%) mortality rate. Non‐cancer disease, especially circulatory system disease, is the most common cause of death, whereas the proportion of patients who died of PSCC significantly increased from 21.17% (1992–2001) to 41.3% (2012–2017) in PSCC patients (p < 0.001). These results have not changed significantly when we only focus on primary PSCC without previous malignant tumors. Hispanics are shown better overall survival than non‐Hispanic White and non‐ Hispanic Black men. (p < 0.001) No statistical differences in cancer‐specific survival are observed (p = 0.15).ConclusionThe current study provides essential initial data regarding the presentation and clinical outcomes of PSCC patients. Notably, non‐cancer disease, especially circulatory system disease, is the more common cause of death than PSCC. However, the proportion of patients who died of penile squamous cell carcinoma has a relatively significant increase in recent years. The increasing trends in the advanced stage of PSCC patients might account for this change.
Extrafollicular proliferation of B‐blasts: Morphologic correlate to Spikevax‐induced lymphadenopathy
Authors: Tzankov Alexandar , Rössle Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 30‐year‐old male developed a PET‐positive left‐sided cervical lymphadenopathy that was suspected representing metastasis of a known right‐sided papillary thyroid cancer. First‐dose‐application of Spikevax three weeks ago was neither reflected, nor reported to the pathologists. Diagnostic lymphadenectomy was performed showing extrafollicular proliferation of B‐blasts, likely attributable to the vaccine application.
Hedycaryol – Central Intermediates in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis, Part II
Authors: Xu Houchao , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe known sesquiterpenes that arise biosynthetically from hedycaryol are summarised. Reasonings for the assignments of their absolute configurations are discussed. The analysis provided here suggests that reprotonations at the C1=C10 double bond of hedycaryol are directed toward C1 and generally lead to 6–6 bicyclic compounds, while reprotonations at the C4=C5 double bond occur at C4 and result in 5–7 bicyclic compounds. Read more in the Review by H. Xu and J. S. Dickschat (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200405).
Selenocarbamates As a Prodrug‐Based Approach to Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition
Authors: Angeli Andrea , Ferraroni Marta , Capperucci Antonella , Tanini Damiano , Costantino Gabriele , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA study on the activity of selenocarbamates as a novel chemotype acting as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors is reported. Undergoing CA‐mediated hydrolysis, selenocarbamates release selenolates behaving as zinc binding groups and effectively inhibiting CAs. A series of selenocarbamates characterised by high molecular diversity and complexity have been studied against different human CA isoforms such as hCA I, II, IX and XII. Selenocarbamates behave as masked selenols with potential biological applications as prodrugs for CAs inhibition‐based strategies. X‐ray studies provided insights into the binding mode of this novel class of CA inhibitors.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Letermovir Following Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Administration in Healthy Japanese Subjects
Authors: Asari Kazuhiko , Ishii Mikio , Yoshitsugu Hiroyuki , Wakana Akira , Fancourt Craig , Yoon Esther , Furihata Kenichi , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLetermovir is a human cytomegalovirus terminase inhibitor for the prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of letermovir were assessed in healthy Japanese subjects in 2 phase 1 trials: trial 1—single ascending oral doses (240, 480, and 720 mg) and intravenous (IV) doses (240, 480, and 960 mg), and trial 2—multiple oral doses (240 and 480 mg once daily for 7 days). Following administration of oral single and multiple doses, letermovir was absorbed with a median time to maximum plasma concentration of 2 to 4 hours, and concentrations declined in a biphasic manner with a terminal half‐life of ≈10 to 13 hours. The post absorption plasma concentration–time profile of letermovir following oral administration was similar to the profile observed with IV dosing. There was minimal accumulation with multiple‐dose administration. Letermovir exposure in healthy Japanese subjects was ≈1.5‐ to 2.5‐fold higher than that observed in non‐Japanese subjects. Based on the population pharmacokinetic analysis, weight differences primarily accounted for the higher exposures observed in Asians. Letermovir was generally well tolerated following oral and IV administration to healthy Japanese subjects.
Design of a contact‐force controller including airframe's velocity and acceleration feedback controllers for one‐degree‐of‐freedom propeller‐driven systems
Authors: Nishii Yuki , Yashiro Daisuke , Yubai Kazuhiro , Komada Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContact‐force control of propeller‐driven systems achieves aerial tasks that require contact motions with objects. Conventional contact‐force controllers for propeller‐driven systems utilize a contact‐force feedback controller. Although the feedback gain should be high to achieve high target tracking performance, a high gain causes a large overshoot. This paper therefore proposes a novel contact‐force controller which utilizes an airframe's velocity and an airframe's acceleration. An estimated acceleration and an estimated velocity of the airframe are fed back to the contact‐force controller. A rotor angular velocity is utilized to estimate the acceleration. The validity of the proposed controller is verified through frequency analysis, simulation, and experiment.
Expanding the Scope of Pnictogen‐Assisted Cyclophane Self‐Assembly
Authors: Shear Trevor A. , Mayhugh Jacob T. , Zocchi Luca J. , Demachkie Isabella S. , Trubenstein Henry J. , Zakharov Lev N. , Johnson Darren W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclophanes are a fundamentally interesting class of compounds that host a wide range of unique and emergent properties. However, synthesis of complex and/or functionalized cyclophanes can often suffer from harsh reaction conditions, long reaction times, and sometimes low yields using stepwise methods. We have previously reported an efficient, high‐yielding, metalloid‐directed self‐assembly method to prepare disulfide, thioether, and hydrocarbon cyclophanes and cages that feature mercaptomethyl‐arenes as starting materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of 21 new disulfide and thioether assemblies that expand this high yielding self‐assembly method to a wide breadth of macrocycles and cages with diverse structures. Remarkably, the high‐yielding, efficient syntheses still proceed under dynamic covalent control using electron‐deficient, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, spiro, and even short alkenyl/alkynyl substrates.
Impact of high and low concentration of fly ash amended soil on physico‐chemical properties of biodiesel produced from Jatropha curcas
Authors: Mohan Sumedha , Raj Seema 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the prevailing era of stagnating crude oils, depleting fossil fuel reserves and ever rising demand, vegetable oils that are non‐edible serve as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Being renewable, they can be easily produced, are available in abundance, give carbon dioxide free emissions and hold tremendous potential to be transesterified to produce biodiesel. The non‐edible Jatropha curcas oil is a significant source for biodiesel production as it is easily grown and is cost‐effective. However, mass‐scale production is still a milestone to be reached for its practical usage. Herein, it was aimed to optimize the best composition of the base material by varying fly ash and soil concentrations for increased biodiesel efficiency from Jatropha in an extensive 5‐year study. The significance of fly ash in soil was understood by performing a series of physico‐chemical analysis of biodiesel prepared from Jatropha seed oil grown in different compositions of fly ash amended soil. It was observed that base material II plant gave 350 g seeds and 157 ml of seed oil in third year, whereas, the base material III plants gave 250 g seeds and 94 ml seed oil. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that seed yield, Jatropha oil extracted, and biodiesel production was positively correlated with percent metal uptake by plants from base materials. The addition of 25% fly ash with soil enhanced the yield of seeds and the quality of biodiesel produced in accordance with the American Standards of Testing and Materials (ASTM) which proves sustainable energy production.
Comparative characterization and sensory significance of volatile compounds in Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit from five geographic locations in Guizhou, China
Authors: Huang Mingzheng , Li Tingting , Hardie W. James , Tang Weiyuan , Li Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRosa roxburghii Tratt (Chestnut rose) is native to China where it is cultivated for its strongly aromatic hips (pseudo fruits); locally known as cili. Increasing interest in cili for food and beverage products prompted an evaluation of its aroma compounds and the influence of geographic source. Accordingly, the volatile compounds in cili from five locations in Guizhou province were analysed by headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Sixty‐seven volatile compounds were identified. Principal component analysis distinguished three sample groups by geographic source. The aroma of cili juice from each location was characterized by quantitative descriptive analysis using six odour descriptors. Cili aroma was predominantly sweet/fruity, floral and green, but geographic source significantly influenced the intensity of the sweet/fruity and floral notes. Odour activity analyses indicated that 40 volatile compounds contribute appreciably to the aroma of cili. Of those compounds, only ten esters, two aldehydes, one alcohol and one aromatic compound were common to all regional samples. Those findings extend the range of volatiles detected in cili. These results identify those that are present in odour active amounts and provide the first evidence of the impact of geographic source on the aroma and flavour of cili.
Integrin subunit beta 8 contributes to lenvatinib resistance in HCC
Authors: Hou Wei , Bridgeman Bryan , Malnassy Greg , Ding Xianzhong , Cotler Scott J. , Dhanarajan Asha , Qiu Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved as a first‐line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the development of drug resistance is common, and the underlying mechanisms governing this resistance are largely unknown. In this study, we established two lenvatinib‐resistant (LR) HCC cell lines and identified integrin subunit beta 8 (ITGB8) as a critical contributor to lenvatinib resistance in HCC. The elevated expression of ITGB8 was observed in LR HCC cells. Furthermore, silencing of ITGB8 reversed lenvatinib resistance in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic expression of ITGB8 in lenvatinib‐sensitive parental HCC cells exhibited increased resistance to lenvatinib. Mechanistically, ITGB8 regulated lenvatinib resistance through an HSP90‐mediated stabilization of AKT and enhanced AKT signaling. In support of this model, either an AKT inhibitor MK‐2206 or an HSP90 inhibitor 17‐AAG resensitized LR HCC cells to lenvatinib treatment. Conclusion: Collectively, our results establish a crucial role of ITGB8 in lenvatinib resistance, and suggest that targeting the ITGB8/HSP90/AKT axis is a promising therapeutic strategy in patients with HCC exhibiting lenvatinib resistance.
The role of nutrition‐sensitive agriculture combined with behavioral interventions in childhood growth in Ethiopia: An adequacy evaluation study
Authors: Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Dawed Yeshimebet Ali , Cherie Nigus , Abebe Hunegnaw , Shumye Getachew , Mohammed Foziya , Hussien Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the role of nutrition‐sensitive and specific interventions along with nutrition education on child stunting during the first 1000 days in Ethiopia.MethodsAn adequacy evaluation study was used to see changes between the baseline and end‐line data after following for 1 year. A sample of 170 mother‐child pairs who had a 1‐year followed up was used to detect differences. We performed structural equation modeling to elucidate changes in feeding behaviors, socioeconomic status, water, sanitation and hygiene on child linear growth. Furthermore, the independent effect of covariates on child linear growth was handled using a general linear model.ResultsA total of 170 and 270 mother‐child dyads were interviewed at baseline and end‐line surveys, respectively. After about 1 year of intervention, the annual rate of stunting prevalence declined from 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.6, 42.7) to 16.4% (95% CI = 10.7, 24.2). There was a significant change in the mean of length‐for‐age Z‐score which changed from −1.18 to −0.45 (P < .034). Adjusting for the different constructs of the health belief model, child sex, age, feeding behaviors, and dietary diversity, one egg consumption per day was responsible for the most significant variability explained (36%) for stunting reduction.ConclusionsSustainable access to egg consumption for children below 2 years experienced a substantial reduction in childhood stunting. A combination of nutrition‐sensitive agricultural and direct nutrition interventions along with behavioral‐based education is a sustainable strategy in reducing and preventing child growth from faltering in the early life stages.
Numerical study of the wake induced by a porous disk under deflected inflow
Authors: Guezmir Sihème , Mataoui Amina , Guerri Ouahiba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the wake of a porous disk that generates a velocity deficit equivalent to that of a wind turbine. Three‐dimensional unsteady numerical simulations based on the finite volume method are performed. The URANS‐SST (k–ω) model is applied for the turbulence closure. Two investigations are carried out in this study: (i) the influence of the disk porosity on the wake, for porosities values (p) ranging from 0 to 0.55 in the case of a perpendicular flow; and (ii) the influence of the yaw angle on the wake deviation, for yaw angles ranging from 5° to 30°. Good agreements with the available experimental data are obtained for the mean x‐velocity component. The results confirm that wake length increases as porosity decreases. For nonporous disks, most part of the fluid is deflected toward the mast and above the disk. The y‐velocity contours highlight two contra‐rotating vortices in the vicinity of the disk. In both cases (nonporous and porous disks), a high turbulent kinetic energy is obtained near the disk area, with a higher maximum value for the nonporous disk.
High‐fidelity compression for high‐throughput photoacoustic microscopy systems
Authors: Zafar Mohsin , Manwar Rayyan , Avanaki Kamran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic microscopic images can assist specialists in disease diagnosis by providing vascular information. However, the size of such data is usually extremely large (ie, gigabytes), and thus, a real‐time, efficient compression method can facilitate easy storage and transportation of these images. We have implemented multiple data compression methods in LabVIEW with a high compression ratio and execution times below the repetition rate of the pulsed laser. The qualitative and quantitative results of ex vivo and in vivo imaging with compression showed near‐identical images to uncompressed images, with significantly smaller size.
Efficacy of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in detection of type II endoleak after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Liu Yong , Sun Mingyan , Wang Yingying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of conventional contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detection of type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR).MethodsFrom January 2015 to April 2018, 205 patients underwent EVAR were included. CEUS and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed at 1‐month follow‐up postoperatively to detect type II endoleak. CEUS was performed at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up to evaluate the development of type II endoleak. The diameter extension of type II endoleak increased greater than 5 mm was defined as enlarge group, and that increased less than 5 mm was defined as stable group. The difference of arrival time (AT) of contrast agent, maximum cross‐sectional area (MCSA) of contrast agent and the blood flow velocity (BFV) of the abnormal blood around the stent graft were compared.ResultsAt 1‐month after EVAR, 65 cases of endoleak were detected by CEUS, including 25 cases of type I, 30 cases of type II endoleak and 10 cases of type III endoleak. Among them, 50 cases were also detected by CTA. The diameter extension of 12 cases of type II endoleak increased greater than 5 mm, and that of eight cases increased less than 5 mm. The average AT of the enlarge group was significantly shorter than that of the stable group, while the MCSA of contrast agent and the BFV were significantly higher than that of the stable group (p < 0.05).ConclusionCEUS has predictive value for the natural outcome of type II endoleak.
Opportunities to implement manureshed management in the Iowa, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania swine industry
Authors: Meinen Robert J. , Spiegal Sheri , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Flynn K. Colton , Goslee Sarah C. , Mikesell Robert E. , Church Clinton , Bryant Ray B. , Boggess Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe U.S. swine industry is diverse, but opportunities exist to strategically improve manure management, especially given much of the industry's vertical integration. We investigate opportunities for improving manureshed management, using swine production examples in Iowa, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania as a lens into historical trends and the current range of management conditions. Manure management reflects regional differences and the specialized nature of hog farms, resulting in a large range of land bases required to assimilate manure generated by these operations. Selected representative farm scenarios were evaluated on an annual basis; farm‐level manuresheds were largest for Pennsylvania sow farms and smallest for North Carolina nursery farms. Compared with nitrogen‐based manuresheds, phosphorus‐based manuresheds were up to 12.5 times larger. Technology advancements are needed to promote export of concentrated nutrients, especially phosphorus, from existing “source” manuresheds to suitable croplands. The industry is dynamic, as revealed by historical analysis of the siting of hog barns in Pennsylvania, which are currently trending toward the north and west where there is greater isolation to prevent the spread of disease and a larger land base to assimilate manure. Industry expansion should focus on locating animals in nutrient “sink” areas.
Theme and variation in the evolution of insect sex determination
Authors: Laslo Mara , Just Josefine , Angelini David R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of dimorphic adult sexes is a critical process for most animals, one that is subject to intense selection. Work in vertebrate and insect model species has revealed that sex determination mechanisms vary widely among animal groups. However, this variation is not uniform, with a limited number of conserved factors. Therefore, sex determination offers an excellent context to consider themes and variations in gene network evolution. Here we review the literature describing sex determination in diverse insects. We have screened public genomic sequence databases for orthologs and duplicates of 25 genes involved in insect sex determination, identifying patterns of presence and absence. These genes and a 3.5 reference set of 43 others were used to infer phylogenies and compared to accepted organismal relationships to examine patterns of congruence and divergence. The function of candidate genes for roles in sex determination (virilizer, female‐lethal‐2‐d, transformer‐2) and sex chromosome dosage compensation (male specific lethal‐1, msl‐2, msl‐3) were tested using RNA interference in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. None of these candidate genes exhibited conserved roles in these processes. Amidst this variation we wish to highlight the following themes for the evolution of sex determination: (1) Unique features within taxa influence network evolution. (2) Their position in the network influences a component's evolution. Our analyses also suggest an inverse association of protein sequence conservation with functional conservation.
Comparative evaluation of 1% melatonin gel in the treatment of intrabony defect: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gonde Noopur P. , Rathod Surekha R. , Kolte Abhay P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of locally delivered 1% melatonin gel as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in treatment of intrabony defect in Stage III periodontitis, clinically, and radiographically using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsThis split‐mouth clinical trial randomly allotted 44 bilateral intrabony defect (in 22 patients) into two groups where Group I was treated with NSPT with locally delivered placebo gel while Group II was treated with NSPT with 1% melatonin gel. The intrabony defect fill measured from cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ)‐base of the defect (BD), and the difference in the measurement values of CEJ‒BD from baseline to 6 months denoting the bone fill and bone volume evaluated at 6 months using CBCT were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures were change in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and modified sulcus bleeding index recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.ResultsBoth the study groups showed improvements in assessed parameters, however, a significant gain in intrabony defect fill was observed in Group II (1.46 ± 0.58) as compared with Group I (0.50 ± 0.38) and change in bone volume for Group I was 21.4645 ± 8.8980 mm3 and for Group II was 51.8418 ± 30.2329 mm3 with P < 0.0001.The mean reduction in PD and gain in CAL was 3.90 ± 0.78 and 2.94 ± 0.80 in Group II and in Group I it was 3.23 ± 0.90 and 1.96 ± 0.80 (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe use of 1% melatonin gel as an adjunct to NSPT is more beneficial in achieving better clinical and radiographic outcome at 6 months which indicates that adjunct use of melatonin gel to NSPT as a local drug delivery is preferred when compared with NSPT and placebo gel alone.