bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of potential biomarkers of response to IL-12 therapy
Authors: Schwarz Emily , Carson William E 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIL-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine capable of inducing a wide range of effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Its stimulatory effects on T cells and NK cells have led to its classification as a potential inducer of antitumor immunity. Clinical trials have been attempting to harness its immune-stimulating capacity since the 1990s and have had much success despite notable toxicity issues early on. Several methods of IL-12 delivery have been employed including i.v., s.c., and local administrations as well as plasmid and gene therapies. However, despite differing methods, dosages, and cancer types utilized in these clinical trials, there are still many patients who do not respond to IL-12 therapy. This creates an opportunity for further investigation into the immunologic differences between responding and nonresponding patients in order to better understand the variable efficacy of IL-12 therapy. This review focuses on a limited collection of IL-12 clinical trials, which further analyzed these individual subsets and detected biologic variables correlating with differential patient responses. A comprehensive review of these potential biomarkers identified 7 analytes that correlated with beneficial patient responses in 3 or more clinical trials. These were increased levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIG, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with a decrease in VEGF, bFGF, FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, and M2 macrophages. These potential biomarkers highlight the possibility of identifying immunologic determinants of patient response to IL-12 therapy to conserve valuable resources and benefit patients.
Evolution of a proglacial lake in the Izborsko‐Malskaya Valley, Russia, in the Late Glacial
Authors: Karpukhina Natalia V. , Karevskaya Inessa A. , Borisova Olga K. , Konstantinov Evgeny A. , Kurbanov Redzhep N. , Zakharov Andrey L. , Filippova Ksenia G. , Zazovskaya Elya P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA proglacial lake system formed during the Late Valdai (Weichselian) Ice Sheet recession on the East European Plain. Poor knowledge about chronology, levels and the drainage pathways of ice‐dammed lakes does not allow us to fully evaluate their palaeogeographic significance. This study focuses on the Izborsko‐Malskaya Valley where fingerprints of a glaciolacustrine environment were found. Based on litho‐, biostratigraphic and geochronological data, it is estimated that the proglacial lake in the Izborsko‐Malskaya Valley existed from ~14.3 ka cal. BP (the Vashinogorskaya Valley from ~14.9 ka (optically stimulated luminescence)) to 13.2 ka cal. BP. The maximum level was ~72 m a.s.l. (above sea level) and the minimum was ~53 m a.s.l. Sedimentation proceeded mostly in deepwater conditions. The ice‐dammed lake in the Izborsko‐Malskaya and nearest valleys could have been part of a huge lake on the Pskov lowland which formed after ~15.7 ka cal. BP. The lake level dropped rapidly when the proglacial Lake Pskovsko‐Chudskoe (Peipsi) connected with the Baltic Ice Lake. A lacustrine regime was preserved only in the southern portion of the Izborsko‐Malskaya Valley after drainage and still exists in the modern lakes. The presented approaches to the ice‐dammed lake reconstruction could be useful for the verification of other lakes which existed on the East European Plain.
Seasonal space use and habitat selection in magpie geese: implications for reducing human‐wildlife conflicts
Authors: Corriveau Amélie , Klaassen Marcel , Garnett Stephen T. , Kaestli Mirjam , Christian Keith , Crewe Tara L. , Loewensteiner David A. , Campbell Hamish A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNegative interactions between waterbirds and people are increasing. Waterbirds feeding on agricultural crops cause significant losses to farmers worldwide, but so far most research to address these conflicts has been conducted on migratory species in the temperate northern hemisphere. We investigated the space use and habitat selection of the magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata), a taxonomically distinct waterbird endemic to Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. In tropical northern Australia, magpie geese are protected but are increasingly persecuted by farmers to protect crops during the late dry–early wet season (~Sep–Jan), a bottleneck of natural resources for waterbirds in the monsoonal tropics. Using satellite telemetry of 38 geese spread across 3 seasons (2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019), we evaluated daily and seasonal space use, individual site fidelity, and habitat selection to determine the extent of use of agricultural fields by geese, and the spatiotemporal scales at which management should be undertaken. Geese used relatively small daily areas (x̄ = 8.2 km2) consistently throughout the late dry–early wet season, and repeatedly used agricultural fields, forested bushlands, and local wetlands. Geese used comparatively large seasonal areas (x̄ = 219.5 km2) encompassing several agricultural areas, and had a low mean overlap between successive weekly core activity areas, indicating that site fidelity rapidly weakened over time. These results suggest that farm‐scale (<30 ha) management of geese is unlikely to be effective because hazed individuals are likely to be replaced soon afterwards. Instead, our findings suggest that goose management should be coordinated strategically at the local (~1,000 ha), or regional (~100,000 ha) scale. Farm‐level management would likely be more effective if implemented in conjunction with the creation of regional sanctuaries where geese could rest and potentially feed undisturbed away from farms. Our findings can be used by wildlife managers for optimizing the location of such sanctuaries and highlight the necessity for management to be adaptive given the opportunistic nature of the species.
Diagnosing molecular subtypes of breast cancer by means of Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Melitto Alexandre S. , Arias Victor E. A. , Shida Jorge Y. , Gebrim Luiz H. , Silveira Landulfo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesRaman spectroscopy has been used to discriminate human breast cancer and its different tumor molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple‐negative) from normal tissue in surgical specimens.Materials and MethodsBreast cancer and normal tissue samples from 31 patients were obtained by surgical resection and submitted for histopathology. Before anatomopathological processing, the samples had been submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 25 mW excitation laser parameters). In total, 424 Raman spectra were obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in an exploratory analysis to unveil the compositional differences between the tumors and normal tissues. Discriminant models were developed to distinguish the different cancer subtypes by means of partial least squares (PLS) regression.ResultsPCA vectors showed spectral features referred to the biochemical constitution of breast tissues, such as lipids, proteins, amino acids, and carotenoids, where lipids were decreased and proteins were increased in breast tumors. Despite the small spectral differences between the different subtypes of tumor and normal tissues, the discriminant model based on PLS was able to discriminate the spectra of the breast tumors from normal tissues with an accuracy of 97.3%, between luminal and nonluminal subtypes with an accuracy of 89.9%, between nontriple‐negative and triple‐negative with an accuracy of 94.7%, and each molecular subtype with an accuracy of 73.0%.ConclusionPCA could reveal the compositional difference between tumors and normal tissues, and PLS could discriminate the Raman spectra of breast tissues regarding the molecular subtypes of cancer, being a useful tool for cancer diagnosis.
Polycarbazole Electropolymerization Materials with Excellent Electrochromic Performance Based on Phenothiazine/Phenoxazine Group
Authors: Huang Qidi , Chen Jianai , Shao Xiongchao , Dong Yujie , Li Weijun , Zhang Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochromic small molecules suffer from the difficult film processibility and serious dissolvability at their oxidation state, which greatly limit their applications in electrochromic areas. Here, well‐defined electrochemical polymer structures, pCZ‐FSQ and pCZ‐FEQ, are obtained by taking advantage of the unique electrochemical dimerization of carbazole, and low redox‐potential phenothiazine and phenoxazine groups are introduced as an electrochromic color‐changing unit with the interruption of conjugation between them via an alkyl chain linkage. The obtained polymer films pCZ‐FSQ and pCZ‐FEQ are composed of the independent dimeric carbazole and organic small molecule units. Finally, they exhibit outstanding electrochromic properties with optical contrast of more than 50%, switching time of less than 1 s, excellent stability (over 500 cycles of optical stability), and ultrahigh coloration efficiency (276 cm2C−1for pCZ‐FSQ,384 cm2C−1for pCZ‐FEQ). This is thought to be greatly attributed to the well‐defined electrochemical polymer structures with dual electrochromic color‐changing properties of both phenothiazine/phenoxazine and dimeric carbazole. This can also provide some implications for the future in‐depth study of small molecule electrochromism and the solution to the problem of difficult processing of small molecules.
Improved p‐version finite element matrix conditioning using semi‐orthogonal modal approximation functions
Authors: Winterscheidt Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecursive equations for the efficient computation of nearly orthogonal, C0 continuous p‐version approximation functions (“max‐orthogonal”) are developed in one dimension and used to construct hexagonal (“brick”) element approximation functions. A modification to the functions is presented to simplify adaptive p‐refinement, resulting in “semi‐orthogonal” approximation functions. These functions are found to produce Laplace equation stiffness matrices, as well as mass matrices, with substantially lower condition numbers compared to standard Legendre‐based modal functions. Sample problems are presented using a conjugate gradient matrix solver to compare the matrix solution computation times using max‐orthogonal, semi‐orthogonal, and standard modal functions. Automatic adaptive polynomial refinement is also discussed and applied to these sample problems. The semi‐orthogonal functions are found to be an efficient and practical means of achieving very well‐conditioned p‐version finite element matrices.
A study of distributed‐order time fractional diffusion models with continuous distribution weight functions
Authors: Yu Qiang , Turner Ian , Liu Fawang , Moroney Timothy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe distributed‐order time fractional diffusion model with Dirichlet nonhomogeneous boundary conditions on a finite domain is considered. Four choices of continuous distribution weight functions with mean μ and standard deviation σ are investigated to study their impact on both the short‐time and long‐time solution behavior. An implicit numerical method implemented on a graded mesh is proposed to solve the model and the stability and convergence analysis are presented. Semi‐analytic solutions are also derived for these distributions to assess the accuracy of the scheme. Numerical results highlight that the four continuous distribution weight functions produce a short‐time solution behavior that is consistent with those solutions from the classical time fractional partial differential equation with fractional order γ* = μ. There are however long‐time differences in the solution behavior that become more distinguishable as σ increases. In particular, we find a smaller value of σ produces more diffuse profiles and the diffusion rate slows as σ increases. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of the solution may be influenced by the time‐fractional orders ranging between the smallest nonzero weight order and mean μ for the continuous uniform and raised cosine distribution weight functions, respectively. Similar findings are also observed for the truncated normal and beta distributions.
Prenatal ultrasound findings associated with PIGW variants: One more piece in the FRYNS syndrome puzzle? PIGW‐related prenatal findings
Authors: Ronzoni Luisa , Boito Simona , Meossi Camilla , Cesaretti Claudia , Rinaldi Berardo , Agolini Emanuele , Rizzuti Tommaso , Pezzoli Laura , Silipigni Rosamaria , Novelli Antonio , Iascone Maria , Persico Nicola , Natacci Federica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe describe the prenatal ultrasound findings and autopsy of three fetuses with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) whose diagnostic workup suggested the same genetic etiology. We conducted a literature review to corroborate the molecular results and find evidence that the identified variants are responsible for the phenotype seen.MethodsTrio‐based Exome Sequencing (ES) analysis was performed on chorionic villus samples. We reviewed available reports dealing with prenatal manifestations of genes involved in the Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI) biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs).ResultsPrenatal findings shared by all the three pregnancies included facial dysmorphisms, brain malformations of the posterior fossa, skeletal and genitourinary anomalies. ES analysis identified homozygous variants of uncertain significance in PIGW in the three fetuses. Prenatal findings of the three pregnancies overlapped with those previously described for PIGW variants and with those associated with PIGN, PIGV and PIGA variants.ConclusionBased on the phenotypic overlap between the prenatal findings in our three cases and other cases with pathogenic variants in other genes involved in GPIBDs, we speculate that the variants identified in the three fetuses are likely causal of their phenotype and that the PIGWclinical spectrum might extend to MCA, mainly involving brain, skeletal and genitourinary systems. Moreover, we suggest that also PIGW could be involved in Fryns/Fryns‐like phenotypes.
Recent advances in morphologically controlled synthesis of graphene oxide‐based nanocomposite as catalyst and fuel additive
Authors: Shahbaz Iqra , Jamil Saba , Bibi Shamsa , Khan Shanza Rauf , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanocomposites become very important because of their reduce size (1–100 nm), large surface area, excellent optical magnetic, and electrical and mechanical properties. In many applications, graphene oxide‐based metallic nanocomposites emerged as an outstanding class of nanomaterials that are used for different applications. (GO‐ZnO) nanocomposite has gained more importance in recent years. The present research study is designed to synthesize nanocomposites and aims to monitor its characteristics and applications. Graphene oxide is synthesized by Hummers' method. Metal salts are used as precursor source of respective metal oxides. Wet chemical synthesis method such as solvothermal/hydrothermal and copreciptation processes is used because of its low cost and easy applications as compared with other processes used in the past, which have been costly and difficult to handle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to discriminate GO‐Zinc oxide metallic nanocomposites. XRD is used to investigate the crystal structure, and SEM images showed that the synthesized GO/ZnO nanocomposites is irregular in shape with merged surfaces and the size is 100 nm−1 μm. The dark and light color shows hollow morphology of the nanocomposites, and particles are merged with each other and irregular in shape. The obtained data are statistically analyzed by using regression analysis for the further interpretations. VESTA, MATCH, Origin pro is used for the interpretation of XRD results of synthesized nanocomposites. Applications of metallic (GO/Zn) nanocomposite as catalytic activity and colorimetry, flash point, fire point, cloud point, pour point, specific gravity, and viscosity and for the degradation of Drimarene Red K‐4BL is performed.
A gradient‐free distributed optimization method for convex sum of nonconvex cost functions
Authors: Pang Yipeng , Hu Guoqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article presents a special type of distributed optimization problems, where the summation of agents' local cost functions (i.e., global cost function) is convex, but each individual can be nonconvex. Unlike most distributed optimization algorithms by taking the advantages of gradient, the considered problem is allowed to be nonsmooth, and the gradient information is unknown to the agents. To solve the problem, a Gaussian‐smoothing technique is introduced and a gradient‐free method is proposed. We prove that each agent's iterate approximately converges to the optimal solution both with probability 1 and in mean, and provide an upper bound on the optimality gap, characterized by the difference between the functional value of the iterate and the optimal value. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by a numerical example and an application in privacy enhancement.
The Critical Role of Carbon Nanotubes in Bridging Academic Research to Commercialization of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Ni Jiangfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRechargeable lithium batteries have been intensively explored due to their potential to deliver a high energy and stable cycling performance. Yet considerable achievements have been reported on battery performance in lab‐based research, a broad gap from fundamental research to their industrial application needs to be filled. The significant advances in the field of carbon nanotubes over the past decades make it a promising candidate to bridge such a gap. Nevertheless, a systematic and profound understanding of its roles in Li batteries is lacking. In this review, we discuss the critical role of carbon nanotube in developing several lithium techniques such as Li‐ion, Li‐sulfur, and Li‐air cells. The focus is laid on the elevation of device capacity, energy, and cyclic life to meet the practical demand. We hope this paper, together with other recently‐proposed guiding principles, will pave the way for the massive application of carbon nanotube‐based lithium batteries.
Effect of environment‐friendly intercalated Coal and coal gangue on flame‐retardant, antistatic, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate composites
Authors: Xu Fuqin , He Xiaofang , Hou Zhaoyang , Cao Xinxin , Yang Xiaoyong , Ma Zhihui , Cai Jing , Niu Yapeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoal‐based environment‐friendly PVC/ASA flame‐retardant and antistatic composites were made by melt blending poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–styrene‐acrylate (PVC/ASA) with self‐made alkaline calcium‐based coal gangue thermal stabilizer (Y‐CG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation modified Coal (A‐Coal). The flame‐retardant mechanism of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites was due to incombustible gas, maze effect, carbon residue layer and blowing‐out effect through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL‐94) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test. The results indicated that PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites had the best flame‐retardant properties with LOI value of 31.8% and can pass the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. After combustion, PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites formed a dense carbon layer that inhibits gas released and heat transferred. The surface resistivity () and volume resistivity () of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites first decreased and then increased with the increase of A‐Coal content. The and values of PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites decreased to the minimum values of 5.14 × 106 Ω and 9.05 × 105 Ω·cm. The tensile strength and impact strength of PVC/ASA/A‐Coal/Y‐CG composites first increased and then decreased with A‐Coal content. The tensile strength and impact strength of PVC/ASA/12A‐Coal/10Y‐CG composites reached the maximum of 65.03 MPa and 17.52 kJ/m2, respectively. To sum up, the incorporation of A‐Coal and Y‐CG can reinforce and toughen PVC/ASA composites, but it can also enhance their flame‐retardant, antistatic properties.
Successful treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency and inflammatory bowel disease comorbid with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hypocobalaminaemia in a cat
Authors: Konishi Keisuke , Okazaki Seiji , Kono Shota , Nakamura Takayuki , Ushigusa Takahiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Abyssinian cat presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. Blood examination and abdominal ultrasound examination identified severe macrocytic hypochromic anaemia and thickened intestinal walls. Pyruvate kinase deficiency and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were diagnosed based on gene analysis and intestinal biopsy findings, respectively. Additional blood evaluation identified exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and hypocobalaminaemia. To eliminate the primary cause of haemolysis, we performed splenectomy, which stabilised the progression of anaemia for approximately 37 days. However, anaemia progressed on day 43 after splenectomy; therefore, 1 mg/kg prednisolone (PO q24h) was administered for stabilising erythrocytes and management of IBD. Significant improvements in the severity of anaemia, echinocyte counts and gastrointestinal clinical signs caused by IBD and EPI were observed with gastrointestinal diet, cobalamin and pancreatic enzymes supplementation. Prednisolone dose was then tapered to 0.5 mg/kg PO every 72 hours. There was no relapse of severe anaemia or signs of IBD or EPI.
Stampedes I: fishnet OPE and octagon Bootstrap with nonzero bridges
Authors: Olivucci Enrico , Vieira Pedro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Some quantities in quantum field theory are dominated by so-called leading logs and can be re-summed to all loop orders. In this work we introduce a notion of stampede which is a simple time-evolution of a bunch of particles which start their life in a corner — on the very right say — and hop their way to the opposite corner — on the left — through the repeated action of a quantum Hamiltonian. Such stampedes govern leading logs quantities in certain quantum field theories. The leading euclidean OPE limit of correlation functions in the fishnet theory and null double-scaling limits of correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM are notable examples. As an application, we use these results to extend the beautiful bootstrap program of Coronado [1] to all octagons functions with arbitrary diagonal bridge length.
Spurious poles in a finite volume
Authors: Pang Jin-Yi , Ebert Martin , Hammer Hans-Werner , Müller Fabian , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Using effective-range expansion for the two-body amplitudes may generate spurious sub-threshold poles outside of the convergence range of the expansion. In the infinite volume, the emergence of such poles leads to the inconsistencies in the three-body equations, e.g., to the breakdown of unitarity. We investigate the effect of the spurious poles on the three-body quantization condition in a finite volume and show that it leads to a peculiar dependence of the energy levels on the box size L. Furthermore, within a simple model, it is demonstrated that the procedure for the removal of these poles, which was recently proposed in ref. [1] in the infinite volume, can be adapted to the finite-volume calculations. The structure of the exact energy levels is reproduced with an accuracy that systematically improves order by order in the EFT expansion.