bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe: current treatment practice and adherence to guidelines. A joint survey by the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC) of the ESC, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM), and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)
Authors: Jorge-Perez Pablo , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Donadello Katia , Khoury Abdo , Behringer Wilhelm , Hassager Christian , Boettiger Bernd , Sionis Alessandro , Nolan Jerry , Combes Alain , Quinn Tom , Price Susanna , Grand Johannes 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
International guidelines give recommendations for the management of comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. We aimed to investigate adherence to guidelines and disparities in the treatment of OHCA in hospitals in Europe.

Methods and results
A web-based, multi-institutional, multinational survey in Europe was conducted using an electronic platform with a predefined questionnaire developed by experts in post-resuscitation care. The survey was disseminated to all members of the societies via email, social media, websites, and newsletters in June 2021. Of 252 answers received, 237 responses from different units were included and 166 (70%) were from cardiac arrest centres. First-line vasopressor used was noradrenaline in 195 (83%) and the first-line inotrope was dobutamine in 148 (64%) of the responses. Echocardiography is available 24/7 in 204 (87%) institutions. Targeted temperature management was used in 160 (75%) institutions for adult comatose survivors of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm. Invasive or external cooling methods with feedback were used in 72 cardiac arrest centres (44%) and 17 (24%) non-cardiac arrest centres (P &lt; 0.0003). A target temperature between 32 and 34°C was preferred by 46 centres (21%); a target between 34 and 36°C by 103 centres (52%); and &lt;37.5°C by 35 (16%). Multimodal neuroprognostication was poorly implemented and a follow-up at 3 months after discharge was done in 71 (30%) institutions.

Conclusion
Post-resuscitation care is not well established and varies among centres in European hospitals. Cardiac arrest centres have a higher coherence with guidelines compared with respondents from non-cardiac arrest centres. The overall inconsistency in approaches and deviation from recommendations could be a focus for improvement.
Structural control within flawed rock specimens under external loading as visualized through repeating nucleation on multiple sites by acoustic emission (AE)
Authors: Xiong Qiquan , Lin Qing , Hampton Jesse C 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThe behaviour of discontinuities in rock mass have been experimentally investigated extensively for decades by a type of laboratory analogue of flawed rock specimens, taking the artificially prepared flaw(s) as the analogue of rock mass discontinuity(ies). The role of macroscale flaw(s) as controlling structure has been generally neglected. Here, we conduct detailed characterizations of the acoustic emission (AE) from the rock fracture process on the pre-flawed specimens under loading. Though the same phenomena from the literature can be reproduced within our tests, detailed spatial-temporal investigation on the AE events at the nucleation point suggests a different physical interpretation. Artificial flaw(s) play a non-negligible role as a controlling structure for the following rock fracture process including a series of nucleation points alteration via stress transfer. The interlocking parallelogram (IP) control and single-large-structural (SLS) control are two fundamental mechanisms initiated by the artificial flaws. Each of these two mechanisms are observed under a wide range of flaw settings and can potentially coexist within the across length scales. The scale-invariance feature is observed to be fundamentally different within the scale of specimens under SLS and/or IP control, suggesting the incompleteness at the specimen-scale for IP control. Therefore, no ‘fracture coalescence’ zone can be separately investigated without considering its external rock fracture evolution and confirming scale-invariance. Therefore, structural controlling mechanisms must be considered due to the pattern and AE characterization results.
2021 AAR Presidential Address: “Religion, Inequality, and the Will ‘to Stop’”
Authors: Frederick Marla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rising social inequality defines much of our world today, evidenced not only by the disproportionate effects of poverty and climate change but also by the uneven impact of the global pandemic on resourced and under-resourced communities. As scholars, we understand that religion often plays the role of both hero and villain in our efforts to live justly in the world. Navigating the lived effects of global supremacies can motivate collective action or forms of existential denial that reproduce the status quo. This address asks not what religion can help us do but rather what religion might help us cease to do, “to Stop” and re-evaluate.
HIV-1 resistance genotyping by ultra-deep sequencing and 6-month virological response to first-line treatment
Authors: Raymond Stéphanie , Jeanne Nicolas , Nicot Florence , Dimeglio Chloé , Carcenac Romain , Harter Agnès , Ranger Noémie , Martin-Blondel Guillaume , Delobel Pierre , Izopet Jacques 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the routine use of the Sentosa ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) system for HIV-1 polymerase resistance genotyping in treatment-naïve individuals and to analyse the virological response (VR) to first-line antiretroviral treatment.

Methods
HIV drug resistance was determined on 237 consecutive samples from treatment-naïve individuals using the Sentosa UDS platform with two mutation detection thresholds (3% and 20%). VR was defined as a plasma HIV-1 virus load &lt;50 copies/mL after 6 months of treatment.

Results
Resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug with a mutation threshold of 3% was identified in 29% and 16% of samples according to ANRS and Stanford algorithms, respectively. The ANRS algorithm also revealed reduced susceptibility to at least one protease inhibitor (PI) in 14.3% of samples, to one reverse transcriptase inhibitor in 12.7%, and to one integrase inhibitor (INSTI) in 5.1%. For a mutation threshold of 20%, resistance was identified in 24% and 13% of samples according to ANRS and Stanford algorithms, respectively. The 6 months VR was 87% and was similar in the 58% of patients given INSTI-based treatment, in the 16% given PI-based treatment and in the 9% given NNRTI-based treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that the VR was correlated with the baseline HIV virus load and resistance to at least one PI at both 3% and 20% mutation detection thresholds (ANRS algorithm).

Conclusions
The Vela UDS platform is appropriate for determining antiretroviral resistance in patients on a first-line antiretroviral treatment. Further studies are needed on the use of UDS for therapeutic management.
One foot in the online gig economy: Coping with a splitting professional identity
Authors: Yao Yao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the online gig economy diffuses into professional fields, more workers now engage in online platforms alongside traditional offline practice. How do concurrent online and offline works challenge professional identity and how do workers cope with the challenges? This study inductively explores a qualitative dataset of lawyers who worked in online platform-based and conventional offline legal services at the same time. I found that the common features of online gig work (e.g. accessibility and affordability for customers, ratings, and reviews of workers) result in contradictions with traditional legal work in terms of work content and client relations. These differences caused an emerging split in lawyers’ professional identity—the coexistence of two somewhat contradictory sub-identities. The lawyers coped with the professional identity split in one of two ways: 1) alleviating the experienced severity of the split by using the tactics of framing and distancing from online work and tailoring online work content; 2) reconciling the split by reframing professional ideals based on their new understanding of being lawyers obtained from online work. Individual differences in professional identity constructed in traditional practice were found to underlie this identity dynamic: the lawyers’ expertise specialization and customer orientation explained the strength of professional split, and those who believed that the profession is highly dynamic and will experience dramatic future changes were inclined to reconcile professional identity split.
The importance of appropriate processing and direct microscopic examination for the timely diagnosis and management of invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi
Authors: Borman Andrew M , Mohammed Shakeel , Palmer Michael D , Childs Nicola , Johnson Elizabeth M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The gold standard for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections caused by filamentous fungi remains the visualization of fungal elements in fluids, and biopsy/tissue collected from a normally sterile body site. Parallel recovery of viable fungus from the sample subsequently permits antifungal susceptibility testing of the individual isolate. Central to both processes is the appropriate processing of tissue specimens to avoid damaging fungal elements and optimize viable organism recovery. Historically, mycologists have proposed that homogenization (grinding or bead-beating) of tissue should be avoided in cases of suspected fungal infection as it likely damages hyphae, instead preferring to chop tissue into small portions (dicing) for direct microscopic examination and culture. Here, we have compared the two processes directly on material from clinical patient cases of mucoromycosis and invasive aspergillosis. Representative portions of fresh biopsy samples were processed in parallel either by chopping (dicing) in the mycology reference laboratory or by bead-beating in the adjoining general microbiology laboratory. Aliquots of the samples were then cultured under identical conditions and subjected to direct microscopic examination. The results demonstrated that tissue homogenization significantly reduced (i) organism recovery rates in cases of both mucoromycosis and invasive aspergillosis and (ii) the number of fungal elements detectable upon direct microscopic examination. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly compare these alternative processing methods and despite only employing a limited number of samples the data presented here, provide support for the perceived mycological wisdom that homogenization of tissue samples should be avoided when filamentous fungal infections are suspected.
Astraeus V: the emergence and evolution of metallicity scaling relations during the epoch of reionization
Authors: Ucci Graziano , Dayal Pratika , Hutter Anne , Kobayashi Chiaki , Gottlöber Stefan , Yepes Gustavo , Hunt Leslie , Legrand Laurent , Tortora Crescenzo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we have implemented a detailed physical model of galaxy chemical enrichment into the Astraeus (seminumerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dark matter simUlationS) framework which couples galaxy formation and reionization in the first billion years. Simulating galaxies spanning over 2.5 orders of magnitude in halo mass with $M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{8.9}{-}10^{11.5}\,{\rm M_\odot}$ ($M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{8.9}{-}10^{12.8}\rm M_\odot$) at z ∼ 10 (5), we find: (i) smooth accretion of metal-poor gas from the intergalactic medium (IGM) plays a key role in diluting the interstellar medium interstellar medium metallicity which is effectively restored due to self-enrichment from star formation; (ii) a redshift averaged gas-mass loading factor that depends on the stellar mass as $\eta _{\rm g} \approx 1.38 ({M_*}/{10^{10}\, {\rm \rm M_\odot }})^{-0.43}$; (iii) the mass–metallicity relation is already in place at z ∼ 10 and shows effectively no redshift evolution down to z ∼ 5; (iv) for a given stellar mass, the metallicity decreases with an increase in the star formation rate (SFR); (v) the key properties of the gas-phase metallicity (in units of 12 + log(O/H), stellar mass, SFR and redshift are linked through a high-redshift fundamental plane of metallicity (HFPZ) for which we provide a functional form; (vi) the mass–metallicity–SFR relations are effectively independent of the reionization radiative feedback model for $M_* {\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,}10^{6.5}\rm M_\odot$ galaxies; (vii) while low-mass galaxies ($M_{\rm h} {\,\, \buildrel\lt \over \sim \,\,}10^9\,\rm M_\odot$) are the key contributors to the metal budget of the IGM at early times, higher mass haloes provide about 50 per cent of the metal budget at lower redshifts.
Identifying and characterizing the most heavily dust-obscured galaxies at 1 ≤ z ≤ 4
Authors: Martis Nicholas S , Marchesini Danilo M , Muzzin Adam , Willott Chris J , Sawicki Marcin 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present 65 extremely dust-obscured galaxies from the UltraVISTA DR3 survey of the COSMOS field at 1 &lt; z &lt; 4. In contrast to other studies of dusty galaxies, we select our sample based on dust attenuation measured by UV–MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling that allows for extreme attenuation levels. We construct our sample by making cuts at 1 ≤ z ≤ 4, AV ≥ 3, and log(M*/M⊙) ≥ 10.5. This method reliably selects galaxies exhibiting independent indicators of significant dust content, including far-infrared detection rates. We perform panchromatic SED modelling with matched Herschel photometry and find stellar and dust properties that differ from typical submillimetre galaxy (SMG) samples as well as Herschel sources matched in redshift and stellar mass. Our sources have lower star formation rates and higher AV than SMGs, but comparable total infrared luminosities. Most of our sample falls on or near the star-forming main sequence for this redshift range. Finally, we perform a morphological analysis with galfit using the KS-band images and Hubble F814W and F160W imaging when available. Typical axial ratios of ∼0.4 suggest disc-like morphology for the majority of our sources, and we note only three apparent merging systems. Our sample generally agrees with the size–mass relation for star-forming galaxies, with a tail extending to smaller sizes. We conclude that the most heavily obscured galaxies in this redshift range share many characteristics with typical star-forming galaxies, forming a population of dusty galaxies that overlaps, but is not encompassed by, those selected through dust emission.
PDFchem: A new fast method to determine ISM properties and infer environmental parameters using probability distributions
Authors: Bisbas Thomas G , van Dishoeck Ewine F , Hu Chia-Yu , Schruba Andreas 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Determining the atomic and molecular content of the interstellar medium (ISM) is of fundamental importance to understand the star-formation process. Although there exist various three-dimensional hydro-chemical codes modelling the ISM, they are computationally expensive and inefficient for studies over a large parameter space. Building on our earlier approach, we present PDFchem, a novel algorithm that models the cold ISM at moderate and large scales using functions connecting the quantities of the local (AV, eff) and the observed (AV, obs) visual extinctions, and the local number density, nH, with probability density functions (PDF) of AV, obs on cloud scales typically tens-to-hundreds of pc as an input. For any given AV, obs-PDF, the algorithm instantly computes the average abundances of the most important species (H i, H2, C ii, C i, CO, OH, OH+, H2O+, CH, HCO+) and performs radiative transfer calculations to estimate the average emission of the most commonly observed lines ([C ii] 158$\mu$m, both [C i] fine-structure lines and the first five rotational transitions of 12CO). We examine two AV, obs-PDFs corresponding to a non-star-forming and a star-forming ISM region, under a variety of environmental parameters combinations. These cover far-ultraviolet intensities in the range of χ/χ0 = 10−1 − 103, cosmic ray ionization rates in the range of $\zeta _{\rm CR}=10^{-17}-10^{-13}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ and metallicities in the range of $Z=0.1-2\, {\rm Z}_{\odot }$. PDFchem is fast, easy to use, reproduces the PDR quantities of the hydrodynamical models, and can be used directly with observed data of the cold ISM.
Morphologies and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Galactic bulge from VLT, HST and Pan-STARRS imaging
Authors: Tan Shuyu , Parker Quentin A , Zijlstra Albert , Ritter Andreas 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
This is the first in a series of papers that present sets of different results for 136 compact, known planetary nebulae within a 10 × 10 degree region of the Galactic bulge. We use a large, previously unpublished sample of our own extensive ESO 8-m VLT deep imaging and spectroscopic data. This is combined with archival deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging where available to provide a detailed morphological classification and study. The influence of angular resolution and sensitivity when assigning a morphology is discussed. A large fraction (68 per cent) of the sample are shown to be bipolars and the implications for this in the context of planetary nebulae progenitors are explored. Four new planetary nebula central stars are also identified which are not in Gaia. This is based on both Very Large Telescope (VLT) and deep archival Pan-STARRS broad-band imagery. Some 11 putative central stars previously reported, based on Gaia positions, are also not the true central star. In other cases, the Gaia central stars reported in the literature are actually based on the overall centroid position of a very compact planetary nebula rather than the actual central star within it. Gaia parallax distances and kinematic ages for PNe in this sample are provided where possible based on fresh angular size measures from the new VLT imagery and Gaia distances and literature expansion velocities when available. All these results are discussed within the context of the overall characteristics of the Galactic bulge and its planetary nebula population.
Human histone pre-mRNA assembles histone or canonical mRNA-processing complexes by overlapping 3′-end sequence elements
Authors: Ielasi Francesco S , Ternifi Sara , Fontaine Emeline , Iuso Domenico , Couté Yohann , Palencia Andrés 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Human pre-mRNA processing relies on multi-subunit macromolecular complexes, which recognize specific RNA sequence elements essential for assembly and activity. Canonical pre-mRNA processing proceeds via the recognition of a polyadenylation signal (PAS) and a downstream sequence element (DSE), and produces polyadenylated mature mRNAs, while replication-dependent (RD) histone pre-mRNA processing requires association with a stem–loop (SL) motif and a histone downstream element (HDE), and produces cleaved but non-polyadenylated mature mRNAs. H2AC18 mRNA, a specific H2A RD histone pre-mRNA, can be processed to give either a non-polyadenylated mRNA, ending at the histone SL, or a polyadenylated mRNA. Here, we reveal how H2AC18 captures the two human pre-mRNA processing complexes in a mutually exclusive mode by overlapping a canonical PAS (AAUAAA) sequence element with a HDE. Disruption of the PAS sequence on H2AC18 pre-mRNA prevents recruitment of the canonical complex in vitro, without affecting the histone machinery. This shows how the relative position of cis-acting elements in histone pre-mRNAs allows the selective recruitment of distinct human pre-mRNA complexes, thereby expanding the capability to regulate 3′ processing and polyadenylation.
Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Meningitis: A Survey Among Infectious Diseases Specialists in France, Sweden, Australia, and Denmark
Authors: Bodilsen Jacob , Tattevin Pierre , Tong Steven Y C , Naucler Pontus , Nielsen Henrik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to describe attitudes toward treatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) meningitis and prioritize future trials.

Methods
This was a self-administered online survey of HSV-2 meningitis treatment among infectious diseases (ID) specialists in France, Sweden, Australia, and Denmark.

Results
A total of 223 ID specialists (45% female) from France (36%), Denmark (24%), Sweden (21%), and Australia (19%) participated in the survey, primarily from university hospitals (64%). The estimated overall response rate was 11% and ranged from 6% (Australia) to 64% (Denmark). Intravenous (IV) acyclovir followed by oral valacyclovir was the favored treatment in 110 of 179 (61%), whereas monotherapy with either IV acyclovir or oral valacyclovir was used by 35 of 179 (20%) and 34 of 179 (19%), respectively. The median total duration was reported to be 7 days (interquartile range, 7–10 days) regardless of antiviral regimen. Immunocompromise influenced decisions on antiviral treatment in 110 of 189 (58%) of respondents, mainly by prolonged total duration of treatment (36/110 [33%]), prolonged IV administration (31/110 [28%]), and mandatory antiviral treatment (25/110 [23%]). Treatment with acyclovir/valacyclovir versus placebo and comparison of acyclovir versus valacyclovir were assigned the highest prioritization scores for future randomized controlled trials on HSV-2 meningitis.

Conclusions
Perceptions of indications for as well as type and duration of antiviral treatment varied substantially among ID specialists.
All-Cause and Infection-Related Mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: van der Vaart Thomas W , Prins Jan M , Soetekouw Robin , van Twillert Gitte , Veenstra Jan , Herpers Bjorn L , Rozemeijer Wouter , Jansen Rogier R , Bonten Marc J M , van der Meer Jan T M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a heterogeneous disease with changing epidemiology due to changing demographics and evolving clinical management. SAB is associated with high mortality, but the current fraction of infection-related mortality is less well quantified.

Methods
In a multicenter prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with SAB, we determined clinical features of SAB and determined 90-day mortality and risk factors of all-cause and infection-related mortality. Infection-related mortality was based on an adjudication committee evaluation.

Results
Four hundred ninety patients with SAB were included, with community-acquired (n = 166), health care–associated (n = 163), and hospital-acquired SAB (n = 161). Endocarditis (n = 90, 18.3%), peripheral intravenous catheter infection (n = 80, 16.3%), and septic arthritis (n = 58, 11.8%) were the most frequent diagnoses, but proportions differed for community, health care, and hospital acquisition. One hundred ninety-two patients (39%) had permanent implanted prosthetic material (eg, prosthetic joint, heart valve, pacemaker). Day 90 all-cause mortality was 33% (n = 161), with 60% adjudicated as infection-related, and 90% of infection-related deaths occurring in the first 30 days post-SAB. Infection-related deaths after 30 days were rare and mainly related to endocarditis. Determinants associated with day 90 infection-related mortality were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.11), Charlson comorbidity index (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01–1.26), septic shock (OR, 9.78; 95% CI, 4.56–20.95), endocarditis (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.75–6.61), and persistent SAB at 48 hours (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.27–4.37).

Conclusions
Mortality due to S. aureus infection remains high and mainly occurs in the first 30 days, which could guide end points in future studies.