bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of physical abuse of children in their homes in Ilorin Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChild abuse has deleterious consequences on its victims. Its occurrence is poorly documented in Nigeria.ObjectivesTo determine prevalence and pattern of physical abuse at home among children in Ilorin Nigeria.MethodsCross sectional survey of secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CH questionnaire which covers child abuse in its several forms. Prevalence of child abuse was computed.ResultsTable1: Pattern of physical abuse at home in the last 12 monthsForm of abuseFrequencyPercentagePhysical Abuse* (n=1554) Hold heavy load as punishment/positional fixity)149296.0Hit with object147394.8Hit, beat, spanked with hand120377.4Pushed, grabbed, kicked85054.7Pulled hair, pinched, twisted ear63140.6Locked in small place18211.7Burned or scalded855.5Tried to choke, smother, or drown815.2Threatened with knife or gun301.9ConclusionsConclusion Physical abuse of children is extremely common in Ilorin Nigeria. There are no specific demographic determinants of occurrence; hence every growing child is at risk. The prevailing cultural norms and state laws appear to be chief drivers of this phenomenon. The current findings expand the available pool of knowledge about CPA in Nigeria and calls for more research. It also supports existing calls for the abolition of corporal punishment of children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Multidirectional (auto- and hetero-) aggression in the practice of forensic psychiatry
Authors: Kalashnikova A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe problem of coexistence of heteroaggression and autoaggression most clearly manifests itself in the field of forensic psychiatry. For example, in Russia, about 25% of criminals who committed aggressive actions had a history of suicide attempts.ObjectivesIdentification of specific personality traits in individuals with multidirectional aggression.MethodsIn a continuous one-step study, relatively sane adults of both sexes were examined: 38 persons undergoing forensic examination with multidirectional aggression and 34 violent criminals. A wide range of forensic psychological techniques is used to identify aggression, suicidogenic and inhibitors of aggression. Nonparametric statistical methods were used: Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) and Mann-Whitney (U).ResultsThe leading role in the genesis of multidirectional aggression, in contrast to other types of aggression, playing the combination (p<0.01) to the presence of motivational aggressiveness (according to the Hand Test, U=556.6; p=0,046) and the willingness to show negative feelings at the slightest arousal (annoyance, irascibility according to BDHI, U=468.2; p=0,012), along with suicidal personal qualities, which is combined with the deficiency of auto- and heteroaggression inhibitors (value orientations; socio-normative, dispositional, communicative, emotional inhibitors, coping strategies, etc.). However, the psychological mechanisms of multidirectional aggression are relatively non-nosospecific and are similar in mentally healthy individuals and individuals with personality and organic mental disorders.ConclusionsMultidirectional aggression in view of the increased risk of recidivism and personal and public danger should be taken into account by forensic experts when recommending psychocorrective measures in places of deprivation of liberty.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self-regulation of students’ psychological states
Authors: Kartasheva M. , Klimanova A. , Prokhorov A. , Chernov A. , Yusupov M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA system model of self-regulation of students’ psychological states has been developed. As the main elements, the model includes the relationship between states and characteristics of consciousness, external factors and regulatory actions in a certain time range.ObjectivesTo study conscious and unconscious methods of regulation of states in the relevant sections of the educational activities of students.Methods98 students took part in this research, used different techniques of self-regulation and psychological states diagnosis.ResultsThe regulation of psychological states occurs unconsciously. The success of the applied methods is relative and depends on both educational and personal factors. The regulators of states are various personal qualities. These are reflection, metacognitive abilities, intelligence, as well as the general ability to self-regulate. We discovered the influence of the meaningfulness of life on the psychological states. In the structure of students’ states with a high level of meaningfulness of life an indicator of the general ability to self-regulation plays a central role.Indicators of emotional intelligence and locus of control characterize states of students with a low level of meaningfulness of life.ConclusionsIt has been found that the level of reflection of students plays a mediating role in the interaction of psychological states and adaptation processes. Emotional comfort, internal control, and self-acceptance have the greatest impact on states. The research confirmed the hypothesis of reflexive regulation of psychological states depending on various types of reflection during the performance of creative tasks. The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR; project No.19-013-00325.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Chronological and biological age: Why relevant for psychiatrists?
Authors: Penninx B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression is the mental disorder with the largest disease burden impact. That is due to its high prevalence, chronicty, early onset but also due to its impact on various aging-related somatic morbidities and mortality. This talk will describes to what extent depression characteristics are related to chronologial and biological aging patterns.MethodsData will be shown from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, www.nesda.nl). In this study, a large cohort of over 3000 individuals (18-65 years), among which over 1200 with a DSM-based major depressive disorder (MDD), are now followed for 9 years. The association between depression characteristics and chronological and biological age will be described. Biological age was determined at various biological system-levels, including telomere length, epigenetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics.ResultsOlder persons with a current MDD do not differ in overall disease severity as compared to younger persons with a current MDD. However, older depressed persons do differ in the types of symptoms they experience (more neurovegetative, somatic symptoms and less mood symptoms) and in their chronic course (with twice more chronicity in the oldest depressed persons compare to the younges depressed persons). At all biological system-levels, there was evidence for more advaned biological aging among persons with depression. This was not differential across chronological age groups. Discussion: Findings suggest that depression characteristics are linked to both chronological and biological age. It will be discussed what this could mean for clinical practice and intervention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The opportunities and obstacles of studying telomere length as a biological aging marker in psychiatry
Authors: Verhoeven J. , Penninx B. 
Published: February 2022

Aging can be described as the life-long accumulation of damage to the tissues, cells, and molecules of the body. One of the most widely used markers to study biological aging is telomere length. Telomeres are non-coding DNA structures located at the ends of chromosomes that become progressively shorter with age. Research in the past decade showed that persons with psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder on average have shorter telomeres, which might help explain the high levels of somatic morbidity in these patients. While telomere length is an elegant aging biomarker, reflecting a biological process in most living species, there are also some challenges. In human studies, the between-person variation is large and shortened telomeres showed not to be specific to psychiatric diagnosis but rather to a multitude of psychological and physiological stressors. Telomere length might therefore not be a diagnostic marker. It could, nonetheless, be an interesting target for pharmacological, psychological or exercise treatment. If persons with psychiatric disorders age biologically faster, to what extend can this be process be halted or even reversed with successful treatment? Other opportunities and obstacles of studying telomere length as a biological aging marker in psychiatry will be discussed in this session.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The right temporoparietal junction and cooperation dilemma
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCooperation is a key component of our lives. When we identify people in need, we are frequently motivated to cooperate by overcoming selfishness. However, we may also become selfish to pursue greater gains by putting ourselves at risk and exploiting others. Such cooperation dilemmas are ubiquitous in real life. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have repeatedly reported the involvement of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in cooperation dilemmas, a causal link between the two has been rarely explored.ObjectivesTo investigate a causal role of rTPJ in resolving cooperation dilemmas in ecologically valid settings.MethodsTwenty-two healthy volunteers were examined. We combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a snowdrift cooperation dilemma game task (cross-the-traffic intersection version) wherein either cooperation or defection should be chosen. Participants and opponents jointly faced a problem at the intersection where their cooperation could diffuse the situation (stopping/avoiding a car-crash). This conflicted with a choice in the participant’s self-interest which was more rewarding, but risky (not stopping/defection). We also included explicit-cue condition that showed elderly/pregnant passengers in the opponent’s car. Furthermore, we measured participants’ empathic-traits (e.g., perspective-taking) to study personality-cooperation associations.ResultsThe cooperation-ratio did not statistically differ between the sham stimulation and inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in both the no-cue and with-cue conditions. However, after cTBS, only in the no-cue condition, the strength of the relationship between cooperation-ratios and empathic-traits decreased significantly (p<0.05).ConclusionsThese results contribute to our understandings of rTPJ’s role in spontaneous social cognition, which may be considerably complex and require further examination.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An fMRI study of decision-making under conflict in individuals with autism spectrum condition
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIndividuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) frequently report difficulties in social communications, combined with restricted inflexible behaviors. However, it is unclear whether this rigidity is pervasive across cognitive flexibility (CF) and affective flexibility (AF) in situations which resolve different social conflicts.ObjectivesTo study CF and AF levels and associated brain activity in individuals with ASC.MethodsIndividuals with ASC and with typical development (TD) performed a moral dilemma task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. For CF, participants made decisions on (1) whether to enforce result-oriented actions to prioritize social/public benefits; and (2) judged whether these actions are right or wrong. For AF, participants made decisions on (1) whether to permit social norm/rule violations in sympathy-evoking situations; and (2) permit these identical violations in no sympathy-evoking situations. We calculated participants’ CF/AF levels by computing the switching-rate of decisions in CF/AF sessions (switching was defined as: CF, judging the actions as wrong but choosing to enforce the action in the same vignette; AF, judging the violations as not permissible in a no sympathy-evoking circumstance, but permissible in a sympathy-evoking circumstance).ResultsFor CF, ASC participants showed a marked decrease in CF switching-rates compared to TD participants (p < 0.05), and in corresponding brain activity for executive functioning. For AF, although the AF switching rate difference was non-significant, we observed unique brain activities in each group (e.g., TD activation of the greater dorsomedial-prefrontal cortex and ASC activation of the cingulate cortex).ConclusionsOur results suggest ASC inflexibility may be further characterized by both CF and AF.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Charles bonnet sydrome: A case report
Authors: Izquierdo A. , Del Sol Calderon P. , Moreno M. García 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFaced with recent onset psychotic symptoms in patients over 60 years of age without a psychiatric history, it is important to carry out an adequate differential diagnosis.ObjectivesThe objective is to carry out a review of Charles Bonnet syndrome through the presentation of a caseMethods75-year-old patient who suddenly began to present auditory hallucinations. The patient had no relevant psychiatric history or medical history. She reported that suddenly, two months ago, she had begun to listen to his neighbor through the walls of his home. She heard him talk about her, threatening and insulting her. Later, as a result of these hallucinations, she began to believe that in the bathroom he was spying on her through a camera, forcing her to shower in the dark. Weeks later, she thought that he was also chasing her down the street through a chip that had implanted her. She was distressed and highly anxious. She had started not sleeping out of fear of this neighbor.ResultsIn addition to the psychiatric evaluation, an MRI was requested to rule out incipient cognitive deterioration, as well as a hearing examination. It was found that he had severe hearing loss in the left ear. Given these findings, he was diagnosed with Charles Bonnet syndrome.ConclusionsCharles Bonnet syndrome is normally associated with blindness, however, it is also described in deafness. It occurs with hallucinations of the lost sensory organ. It is a clinical picture that does not respond well to treatments.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Personal resources providing stress resistance of hospice medical workers
Authors: Abdullaeva M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe functional approach to the study of stress resistance allows us to distinguish two blocks of resources – the “active” one, which includes the analysis of the content, conditions, subject and means of labor, and the “personal” one, which considers values, motivation and the expressiveness of personal qualities that contribute to the stress resistance (Granek, Buchman, 2020; Cross, 2019; Powell et al., 2020; Hernández-Marrero, Fradique, 2019).ObjectivesThe objective of our work was to study the relationship between the personal and motivational characteristics of hospice employees with the different symptoms of professional burnout as an indicator of a reduced stress resistance.Methods62 hospice medical employees with an average work experience of 4,5 years took part in the survey. They were asked to fill out questionnaires to diagnose the burnout symptoms, a motivational personality profile and to assess themselves by the personal semantic differential.ResultsBy the means of the procedure for determining the extreme groups (M ± σ), two groups of respondents were identified, which are characterized by different degrees of burnout symptoms. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the less advantaged respondents from the burnout perspective are focused on the life support, comfort, social status, which indicates a certain rationality in the choice of this job.ConclusionsThe portrait of a professionally successful hospice employee includes an orientation towards communication, social and creative activity, which is complemented with independence, confidence and decisiveness – the features that allow carrying out their work in stressful conditions and mainly in uncertain situations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Experience of a multi-component therapy group for patients with chronic pain
Authors: Coscujuela P. Marco , Mata A. Hernández , Gómez A. Sotillos , Sabaté C. Rodríguez , Rodríguez A. Fernández 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChronic pain has an impact that goes beyond the physical plane and, over the years, it ends up deteriorating the emotional, working and social life of people who suffer it.ObjectivesSince we are working with patients who suffer a chronic pathology that cannot be cured, the objective of the group is to create a safe space in which these patients can feel understood, facilitating emotional expression and promoting an active attitude. Accepting pain and its limitations allows the person to regain their ordinary life.MethodsA multicomponent group therapy with a cognitive-behavioural orientation was carried out. The group was formed by 12 patients, all of them women with chronic pain. Eleven sessions were established on a weekly basis of one and a half hours of duration.ResultsIn each session a specific aspect was worked on, favouring the learning of techniques, tools and strategies of coping. A global approach was made, including behavioural, cognitive and emotional elements. At the end of the process, the patients reported benefits in their ability to manage anxiety and depression symptomatology, and they reflected a lower impact of pain in their daily life.ConclusionsGiven the complexity of the symptomatology in chronic pain, it is important to approach the treatment from a multidimensional perspective that envisages every component of pain in order to being able to give a response to the physical and psychosocial impact that it implies, favouring a better confrontation and adaptation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A systematic review: Investigation of effectiveness of the web based online interventions to manage and reduce stress of university students
Authors: Ozogul A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe literature shows a high prevalence of psychopathological problems, anxiety and depression among university students because of academic expectations, uncertain future plans, staying away from their family, economic issues and peer relationships. Although these problems show high prevalence among university students, providing them a professional care is limited so most of problems remain untreated. Nowadays the students use digital technologies commonly therefore web based and computer delivered interventions may be useful for them to improve resilience and coping strategies.ObjectivesThe intent of the study was to review systematically the impacts of web based and computer delivered interventions regarding stress management among university students.MethodsSeveral databases were searched with using key words such as university students, online interventions, web based interventions and stress management. Randomised controlled studies were reviewed.ResultsWe found 284 article with the key words. Only four of them met the including criterias. All results of reviewed articles show that web based online interventions have an impact to reduce depression, stress and anxiety level among students. According to the results students improved coping skills against stress after web based online sessions.ConclusionsThe findings show that web based and computed delivered interventions can be effective to improve resilience and reduce students` depression, anxiety and stress symptoms when compared non-interactive and inactive controls. In addition online interventions regarding stress management may provide us to reach out large group of university students.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Relationship between emotional coping and depressive symptomatology
Authors: Delhom I. , Melendez J.C. , Satorres E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFrom the life cycle perspective, the aging is described as the strengthening of adaptive resources and the capacity for recovery or compensation for losses. These skills are grounded in the coping strategies that individuals apply in order to effectively adapt to diverse situations. Emotion-focused, passive coping strategies are considered to be maladaptive in the long term. These strategies are associated with affective disorders, being these phenomena of great impact in older adults.ObjectivesVerify if there is a relationship between emotion-focused coping strategies and depressive symptomsMethodsThe sample was composed of 418 healthy older adults, aged between 60 and 89 years with an average age of 69.67 years and SD = 7.24, 63.6% of the participants are women and the remaining 36.4% are men. The Coping Stress Questionnaire was used to evaluate strategies focused on emotion (Sandín & Chorot, 2003). The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff & Teri, 1986) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms.ResultsDepressive symptomatology showed significant associations with all emotion-focused strategies: negative self-focus (.339), open emotional expression (.279), avoidance (.202) and religion (113) with a significance level of 0.05.ConclusionsEmotion-focused coping strategies are associated with depressive symptomatology. Thus, it is considered that the use of these types of strategies in times of change or challenge will not benefit adaptation in the older adult. It is necessary to develop more active coping strategies for prevention in mental health during aging.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Breast milk and infant formula milk for the prevention of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in premature infants
Authors: Abdullayeva G. , Abdullaeva M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA relationship was found between the use of breast milk and infant formula milk and a decrease in the incidence and number of clinical complications caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Objectives
To assess the efficacy and safety of breast milk and infant formula milk in terms of reducing of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the level of morbidity, the severity of damage to brain structures, the time before switching to full-fledged enteral nutrition and the frequency of detecting feeding intolerance in premature infants.MethodsProspective observation of the development of 254 premature babies were treated up to six months of corrected age at the Department of Neurology of Early Growth in 2016-2018. The effect of breast milk and formula milk on neurological status was compared.ResultsIn comparison, breast milk and formula milk didn’t show any effect on the frequency of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (p <0,05), the severity of brain damage(р <0,01). Breast milk showed a statistically significant effect in terms of reducing the average number before switching to full enteral nutrition (p <0,01).Conclusions
Breast milk and formula milk does not affect the frequency of development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the severity of brain damage. Breast milk significantly reduces the frequency of feeding intolerance, accelerates the transition to enteral nutrition, reduces the duration of hospitalization in premature infants.DisclosureNo significant relationships.