bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Measurement Using Deep Learning Algorithm Based on Multi-Source Features Fusion to Predict PD-L1 Expression and Survival in NSCLC
Authors: Wang Chengdi , Ma Jiechao , Shao Jun , Zhang Shu , Li Jingwei , Yan Junpeng , Zhao Zhehao , Bai Congchen , Yu Yizhou , Li Weimin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) assessment of lung cancer in immunohistochemical assays was only approved diagnostic biomarker for immunotherapy. But the tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 was challenging owing to invasive sampling and intertumoral heterogeneity. There was a strong demand for the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) system to measure PD-L1 expression signature (ES) non-invasively.MethodsWe developed an AI system using deep learning (DL), radiomics and combination models based on computed tomography (CT) images of 1,135 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with PD-L1 status. The deep learning feature was obtained through a 3D ResNet as the feature map extractor and the specialized classifier was constructed for the prediction and evaluation tasks. Then, a Cox proportional-hazards model combined with clinical factors and PD-L1 ES was utilized to evaluate prognosis in survival cohort.ResultsThe combination model achieved a robust high-performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.938–0.960), 0.934 (95% CI, 0.906–0.964), and 0.946 (95% CI, 0.933–0.958), for predicting PD-L1ES &lt;1%, 1–49%, and ≥50% in validation cohort, respectively. Additionally, when combination model was trained on multi-source features the performance of overall survival evaluation (C-index: 0.89) could be superior compared to these of the clinical model alone (C-index: 0.86).ConclusionA non-invasive measurement using deep learning was proposed to access PD-L1 expression and survival outcomes of NSCLC. This study also indicated that deep learning model combined with clinical characteristics improved prediction capabilities, which would assist physicians in making rapid decision on clinical treatment options.
Diffraction-based Residual Stress Mapping of a Stress Frame of Gray Iron via Vibratory Stress Relief Method
Authors: Chen Shi-Wei , Huang E-Wen , Chiu Sung-Mao , Reid Mark , Wu Cheng-Yen , Paradowska Anna M. , Lam Tu-Ngoc , Wu Yu-Hao , Lee Soo Yeol , Lu Shao-Chien , Chen Shin-An , Lin Yan-Gu , Weng Shih-Chang 
Published: April 2022

The role of residual stress is critical, particularly for machine tools demanding accuracy below 1 µm. Although minor stresses are subjected to a tiny area, the applied force can cause devastating distortions on the precision components at this length scale. In this research, we systematically investigated the residual stress in a stress frame of the gray iron used in machine tools using synchrotron X-ray and neutron sources. Through the combination of these techniques, the residual stresses on the surface, inside the bulk, and in average were presented. Comprehensive analysis results shed light on the vibratory stress relief technique, which reduced the residual stresses and stabilized them, even materials undergoing cycling heating. Although compressive stresses are not effectively reduced, this technique is useful in improving the mechanical stability of the materials in machine tools.
Prolonged and Enhanced Protection Against Corrosion Over Titanium Oxide-Coated 304L Stainless Steels Having Been Irradiated With Ultraviolet
Authors: Sathasivam Kamalasekaran , Wang Mei-Ya , Anbalagan Aswin kumar , Lee Chih-Hao , Yeh Tsung-Kuang 
Published: April 2022

Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used as the base material for dry storage canisters in nuclear power plants because of their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Dry storage canisters are often exposed to chloride-containing atmosphere near seashores that could induce localized stress corrosion cracking in these stainless steels near the welded regions. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings applied on stainless steel substrates (i.e. Type 304 L stainless steels) along with ultraviolet irradiation have been proposed as a mitigation measure against corrosion in canister materials. In this study, TiO2 coatings were applied on stainless steel samples using a dip-coating method. The coated samples were then thermally treated under different annealing temperatures. Corrosion behavior and photocatalytic responses of the coated samples with and without UV illumination were evaluated by electrochemical polarization analyses and open circuit potential measurements. Surface morphologies of the samples and the crystal structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the TiO2 coating not only showed markedly enhanced photocathodic protection on Type 304 L stainless steels during UV illumination but also maintain more active open circuit potentials for several hours after the cutoff of UV illumination. Results from electrochemical polarization analyses further supported the superior corrosion resistance of the coated samples under UV illumination conditions. In addition, the specifically processed TiO2 coatings once irradiated with UV could lead to a prolonged corrosion resistance of the samples even hours without UV illumination.
Associations of Depression, Anxiety, and Life Events With the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Evaluated by Berlin Questionnaire
Authors: Duan Xueru , Zheng Murui , Zhao Wenjing , Huang Jun , Lao Lixian , Li Haiyi , Lu Jiahai , Chen Weiqing , Liu Xudong , Deng Hai 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPsychological problems are prevalent in the general population, and their impacts on sleep health deserve more attention. This study was to examine the associations of OSA risk with depression, anxiety, and life events in a Chinese population.MethodsA total of 10,287 subjects were selected from the Guangzhou Heart Study. Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) was used to ascertain the OSA. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used to define depression and anxiety. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess life events. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by using the logistic regression model.ResultsThere were 1,366 subjects (13.28%) classified into the OSA group. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with anxiety (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.63–4.04) and depression (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97) were more likely to have OSA. Subjects suffering from both anxiety and depression were associated with a 3.52-fold (95% CI: 1.88–6.31) risk of OSA. Every 1-unit increment of CES-D score and SAS index score was associated with 13% (95% CI: 1.11–1.15) and 4% (95% CI: 1.03–1.06) increased risk of OSA. Neither positive life events nor adverse life events were associated with OSA.ConclusionsThe results indicate that depression and anxiety, especially co-occurrence of both greatly, were associated with an increased risk of OSA. Neither adverse life events nor positive life events were associated with any risk of OSA. Screening for interventions to prevent and manage OSA should pay more attention to depression and anxiety.
Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of 2011–2020 Publications on Physical Activity Therapy for Diabetes
Authors: Huang Keke , Zhu Jing , Xu Shaozhe , Zhu Rong , Chen Xi 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the global emerging trends of physical activity therapy for diabetes based on a bibliometric analysis of the publications.MethodsPublication papers from 2011 to 2020 were retrieved from the database of “Web of Science Core Collection” with the topic search. A number of papers, citations, authors, countries, institutions, and references were extracted. CiteSpace was used to analyze co-citation on authors, collaborations between countries and institutions, and detect the emerging trends of burst keywords and references.ResultsA total of 2651 publications were recruited in this study and showed an upward trend of annual publications. Diabetes obesity &amp; metabolism (journal), the United States (country), Harvard University (institution), and Kaku K (author) published the most papers in this research field. “Impaired glucose tolerance” (2011–2012) was the highest strength burst keyword, while “cardiovascular outcome” (2017–2020) was the most burst keyword in the last 5 years. Moreover, “Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2014” was the strongest burst reference.Conclusion“Physical activity therapy for diabetes” has been accepted remarkably over the last 10 years. The keywords of “impaired glucose tolerance,” “Cardiovascular outcome,” “improves glycemic control,” “Self-management,” and exercise type including “Aerobic exercise, muscle strength” may be the latest research frontiers.
Prognostic Gene Expression Signature for Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Peng Lu , Li Nianshen , Huang Zhanrong , Qiu Chunqin , Yin Shihua 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundOur study aimed to determine the pathological mechanism of presbycusis at the molecular level, and determine potential biomarkers for the same.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) for presbycusis were obtained by analyzing the microarray data sets (GSE6045 and GSE49543) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to analyze the biological functions, molecular pathways, autophagy-related molecular markers, and the immune microenvironment of the DEGs in presbycusis. Then the prognostic roles of the hub genes were analyzed and verified in vivo.ResultsIn the old mild hearing loss group (27.7 ± 3.4 months old), 27 down-regulated and 99 up-regulated genes were significantly differentially expressed compared with those in the young control group (3.5 ± 0.4 months old). In the old severe hearing loss group (30.6 ± 1.9 months old), 131 down-regulated and 89 up-regulated genes were significantly differentially expressed compared with those in the young control group. The results of the GO, GSEA, KEGG pathway, and immune infiltration analyses showed that the enrichment terms were mainly focused on immune response in mild presbycusis, and immune response and cell death in severe presbycusis. In the PPI network, autophagy-related genes ATG5, ATG7 showed the highest node scores in mild presbycusis; whereas MTOR, BECN1 showed the highest scores in severe presbycusis. In the GSE49543 data set, four genes (Ywhag, Mapre2, Fgf1, Acss2) were used to construct the prognostic model, and those four genes were significantly up-regulated in the rat model of presbycusis.ConclusionOur study is the first to report the difference in autophagy factors and immune microenvironment among different degrees of hearing loss in presbycusis. Furthermore, we provide the prognostic gene expression signature for age-related hearing loss, intending to develop preventative therapies.
Sarcopenia in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: de Amorim Geraldo José , Calado Cinthia Katiane Martins , Souza de Oliveira Bruno Carlos , Araujo Renata Patricia Oliveira , Filgueira Tayrine Ordonio , de Sousa Fernandes Matheus Santos , Castoldi Angela , Vajgel Gisele , Valente Lucila Maria , de Lima-Filho José Luiz , Carvalho Paulo Roberto Cavalcanti , Souto Fabricio Oliveira 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSarcopenia is related to morbidity and mortality in non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease (ND-CKD) patients; however, the pathophysiology of sarcopenia remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in ND-CKD individuals.MethodsWe cross-sectionally evaluated 139 prevalent ND-CKD patients attending our outpatient clinic at Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco, between April and October 2019. Patients older than 18 years old and at G3-G5 CKD stages were included. Hand grip strength, Muscle Mass appendicular Index, and Gait Speed (GS) were defined by the standards of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 guideline.ResultsSarcopenia prevalence was 20.9% and severe sarcopenia 2.9%. Sarcopenic were mostly found in elderly ones (64.8 ± 13.5 years vs. 54.9 ± 12.8 years, p &lt; 0.001), revealing lower body mass index [26.1 (6.8) vs. 28.6 (6.2), p = 0.023], lower phase angle (PhA) [4.50 (1.10) vs. 5.60 (1.20), p &lt; 0.001] and lower GS [1.00 (0.50) vs. 1.40 (0.4), p &lt; 0.001]. They also presented lower serum creatinine levels [2.40 (1.50) vs. 3.0 (1.8), p = 0.032], lower Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio [72.60 (1008.30) vs. 342.30 (1172.1), p = 0.039] and Hemoglobin levels [11.45 (1.8) vs. 12.60 (2.40), p = 0.003], and higher levels of C-reactive protein [0.2 (0.80) vs. 0.03 (0.3), p = 0.045] compared to non-sarcopenic. Under Poisson Multivariate Model, PhA [Relative precision (RP): 0.364, Confidence Interval (CI) (95%):0.259–0.511, p &lt; 0.001], Interleukin six (IL-6) [RP: 1.006, CI (95%):1.001–1.01, p = 0.02] and serum creatinine levels [RP: 0.788, CI (95%): 0.641–0.969, p = 0.024] were associated with sarcopenia.ConclusionsSarcopenia predominance was identified in our ND-CKD population, and was associated with lower PhA values, higher IL-6 levels, and lower serum creatinine levels.
Role of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool and Bone Turnover Markers in Predicting All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wu Pei-Yu , Chen Szu-Chia , Lin Yi-Ching , Chen Po-Chih , Chung Wei-Shiuan , Huang Ya-Chin , Wu Ping-Hsun , Tsai Yi-Chun , Huang Jiun-Chi , Chiu Yi-Wen , Chang Jer-Ming 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) predict fractures in the general population. However, the role of FRAX and BTMs in predicting mortality remains uncertain in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-four HD patients stratified by low or high risk of 10-year fracture probability using FRAX. High risk of fracture was defined as 10-year probability of hip fracture ≥3% or major osteoporotic fracture ≥20%. The association of high risk of fracture and BTMs with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) mortality were evaluated using multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis.ResultsEighty-five (51.8%) patients were classified as high risk of fracture based on FRAX among 164 HD patients. During a mean follow-up period of 3.5 ± 1.0 years, there were 39 all-cause deaths and 23 CV deaths. In multivariate-adjusted Cox regression, high risk of fracture based on FRAX was independently associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 2.493, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.026–6.056, p = 0.044) but not with CV mortality (HR: 2.129, 95% CI: 0.677–6.700, p = 0.196). There were no associations between BTMs and mortality risk. Furthermore, lower geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was significantly associated with increased CV mortality (HR: 0.888, 95% CI: 0.802–0.983, p = 0.022) after adjusting by confounding variables.ConclusionHigh risk of fracture using FRAX was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients undergoing HD. FRAX, rather than BTMs, has an important role of prognostic significance in HD patients.
Structural Basis of Human Dimeric α-Amino-β-Carboxymuconate-ε-Semialdehyde Decarboxylase Inhibition With TES-1025
Authors: Cianci Michele , Giacchè Nicola , Cialabrini Lucia , Carotti Andrea , Liscio Paride , Rosatelli Emiliano , De Franco Francesca , Gasparrini Massimiliano , Robertson Janet , Amici Adolfo , Raffaelli Nadia , Pellicciari Roberto 
Published: April 2022

Human α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) stands at a branch point of the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway and plays an important role in maintaining NAD+ homeostasis. It has been recently identified as a novel therapeutic target for a wide range of diseases, including inflammatory, metabolic disorders, and aging. So far, in absence of potent and selective enzyme inhibitors, only a crystal structure of the complex of human dimeric ACMSD with pseudo-substrate dipicolinic acid has been resolved. In this study, we report the crystal structure of the complex of human dimeric ACMSD with TES-1025, the first nanomolar inhibitor of this target, which shows a binding conformation different from the previously published predicted binding mode obtained by docking experiments. The inhibitor has a Ki value of 0.85 ± 0.22 nM and binds in the catalytic site, interacting with the Zn2+ metal ion and with residues belonging to both chains of the dimer. The results provide new structural information about the mechanism of inhibition exerted by a novel class of compounds on the ACMSD enzyme, a novel therapeutic target for liver and kidney diseases.
Treatment and Outcomes of Thrombolysis Related Hemorrhagic Transformation: A Multi-Center Study in China
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Wang Yanan , Li Jing , Zhang Shanshan , Wu Qian , Wei Chenchen , Cui Ting , Wu Bo , Willey Joshua Z. , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the current management of thrombolysis related hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in real-world practice, and whether these treatments would reduce the risk of 3-month death and hematoma expansion after HT.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was performed in three comprehensive stroke centers in China (West China Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, and Mianyang Central Hospital) between January 1st 2012 and December 31th 2020. Participants were patients diagnosed with HT after intravenous thrombolytics on brain computed tomography (CT) within 36 h after stroke onset. The treatment after thrombolysis related HT included aggressive therapy (procoagulant, neurosurgical treatment) and dehydration therapy (mannitol or glycerin and fructose). The primary clinical outcome was 3-month death. The primary radiographic outcome was hematoma expansion, defined as a 33% increase in the hematoma volume using the (A × B × C)/2 method on follow-up imaging.ResultsOf 538 patients with ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis included during the study period, 94 patients (17.4%) were diagnosed with HT, 50% (47/94) of whom were symptomatic HT. The 3-month death was 31.5% (29/92), with two patients having been lost to follow up. A total of 68 patients (72.3%) had follow-up brain CT scans after HT detection for evaluating hematoma expansion, of whom 14.7% (10/68) had hematoma expansion. Among the 10 patients with hematoma expansion, 7 patients were from symptomatic HT group, and 3 patients were from the asymptomatic hematoma group. In regard to escalation in therapy, six patients received neurosurgical treatment and three patients had a fresh frozen plasma infusion. In addition, dehydration therapy was the most common management after HT diagnosis [87.2% (82 of 94)]. In the multivariable models, refusing any treatment after HT diagnosis was the sole factor associated with increased 3-month death (odds ratio, 13.6; 95% CI, 3.98–56.9) and hematoma expansion risk (odds ratio, 8.54; 95% CI, 1.33–70.1). In regard to the effects of aggressive therapy, a non-significant association of receiving hemostatic/neurosurgery therapy with a lower 3-month death and hematoma expansion risk was observed (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionRefusing any treatment after HT detection had a significant trend of increasing 3-month death and hematoma expansion risk after HT. Our finding of hematoma expansion among patients with asymptomatic HT in non-western populations suggests an opportunity for intervention. Very few patients after thrombolysis related HT diagnosis received procoagulant or neurosurgical therapies. Large multicenter studies enrolling diverse populations are needed to examine the efficacy of these therapies on different HT subtypes.
Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis: Late Neurocognitive Outcome in ETV Operated Adult Patients
Authors: Martinoni Matteo , Miccoli Giovanni , Riccioli Luca Albini , Santoro Francesca , Bertolini Giacomo , Zenesini Corrado , Mazzatenta Diego , Conti Alfredo , Cavallo Luigi Maria , Palandri Giorgio 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to evaluate a neurocognitive outcome in patients affected by late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).Materials and MethodsA prospective study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2017 in a series of 10 consecutive adult patients referred to the Neurosurgery Department of IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. All the adult patients admitted with absence of CSF flow through the aqueduct in phase-contrast (PC)—MRI sequences or a turbulence void signal in T2—weighted images in midsagittal thin-slice MR sequences underwent a specific neuroradiological, neurological, and neurocognitive assessment pre- and postoperatively.ResultsAll patients affected by gait and sphincter disturbances improved after ETV. Attentive and executive functions as well as visuo-spatial memory and verbal executive functions improved in several patients. Similarly, the affective and behavioral scales improved in almost 50% of the patients. No major complications have been recorded, and no patients required a second surgery for shunt placement.ConclusionEndoscopic third ventriculostomy represents a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of LIAS. In addition to neurological improvement, we demonstrated also postoperative neurocognitive improvement mainly in attentive and executive functions, visuo-spatial memory, verbal executive functions, and behavioral and affective domains.
High Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio Predicts Postoperative Pneumonia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Sheng , Wang Congkai , Liu Ran , Li Aimin 
Published: April 2022

Background and AimThere is still an absence of objective and easily accessible biomarkers despite the variety of risk factors associated with postoperative pneumonia (POP) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In the present study, we have thus evaluated the relationship between the neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR) and POP in patients with aSAH.MethodsSeveral consecutive patients (n = 395) who had undergone clipping or coiling of the aneurism were retrospectively assessed, of which we were able to analyze the existing population data and the related baseline variables. The patients were divided into POP and revealed not to occur. To identify independent predictors, we used the recipient operation feature (receiver operating characteristic, ROC) curve and a logic regression analysis.ResultsThis cohort was based on POP that occurred in 78 out of the 395 patients (19.7%), and these revealed a significantly higher NAR than those without (0.31 [0.25–0.39] vs. 0.23 [0.18–0.28]; p &lt; 0.001). On the other hand, a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NAR (odds ratio = 1.907; 95% confidence interval, 1.232–2.953; p = 0.004) was independently associated with a POP after due adjustment for confounders. Moreover, the predictive performances of NAR for POP were also significant (area under the ROC curve [95% CI] 0.775 [0.717–0.832]; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe elevation of NAR at admission in patients with aSAH might help predict POP.