bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new mechanical perspective on a shallow megathrust near-trench slip from the high-resolution fault model of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Kubota Tatsuya , Saito Tatsuhiko , Hino Ryota 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake generated a surprisingly large near-trench slip, and earth scientists have devoted significant attention to understanding why. Some studies proposed special rupture mechanisms, such as extensive dynamic frictional weakening; others simulated this near-trench slip behavior without supposing the extensive dynamic weakening. However, we have not reached a decisive conclusion for this question due to limited spatial near-trench slip resolution. Hence, in this study we use new tsunami data recorded just above the large slip area in addition to offshore and onshore geodetic data to improve the spatial resolution of stress release in the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and quantitatively examine the mechanical state of the plate interface. A maximum slip of 53 m reaching the trench and an insignificant stress drop (< 3 MPa) at the shallowest portion of the fault were estimated. Based on our modeling results and the past experimental studies, it is suggested that friction at the shallow near-trench portion should be inherently low both before and during the earthquake. This result provides perspectives on the shallow slip behavior along the plate boundary, in which the strain energy accumulation at the deep portion of the fault accounts for the anomalous large shallow slip, but shallow mechanical coupling does not. A large shallow slip has been considered as a result of the release of sufficiently large strain energy at the shallow portion of the plate interface, but we suggest that shallow slips similar to that during the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake may occur in any subduction zones where the energy sufficiently accumulates only in the deeper portion.
Cloth face mask fit and function for children part two: Material Selection
Authors: Goodge Katarina , Du Puis Jenny Leigh , Maher Mona , Frey Margaret W. , Baytar Fatma , Park Heeju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe second component of this three-paper series studying cloth face masks for children ages 4 to 6 years old concentrates on optimizing aerosol capture and air permeability through fabric selection. Material choices were evaluated in two modes: Flat Filter (FF) and Head Form (HF). FF isolates material factors while HF simulates the performance of the constructed masks on a 3D printed child head form. In FF mode, higher filtration efficiency correlated to lower air permeability in both reusable commercial and experimental face masks regardless of fiber contents, fabric structures, and number of layers. Our prototype face mask developed in design exploration successfully captured 37 ± 12% of 0.3 μm, 87 ± 3% of 0.5 μm, and 87 ± 2% of 1.0 μm particles while maintaining good air permeability, moisture capture, and aerosolized salt capture in HF mode. Sealing masks to minimize outward leakage reduced particle capture up to 64%. Particle leakage data captured at the eye level of the head form illuminated the synergy between mask design, material choice, and fit.
Collection of biospecimens from parent-child dyads in a community garden-based nutrition intervention: protocol and feasibility
Authors: Khalsa Amrik Singh , Burton Jonathan , Bailey Michael T. , Zhu Jiangjiang , Kelleher Kelly J. , Maltz Ross M. , Loman Brett R. , Spees Colleen K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-invasive human biospecimens, including stool, urine, and hair, are important in understanding the relationship between diet and changes in human physiologic processes that affect chronic disease outcomes. However, biospecimen collection can be difficult when collecting samples for research studies that occur away from a centralized location. We describe the protocol and feasibility in collecting stool, urine, and hair biospecimens from parents and their children at a remote location as a part of a summer community garden-based intervention.

Methods
Stool, urine, and hair were collected as a part of the Summer Harvest Adventure (SHA) study, a randomized controlled, community garden-based intervention targeting children (ages 8–11 years) and their parents from low-resource neighborhoods. Biospecimens were collected from willing children and/or their parent/adult caregivers at baseline and post-intervention for evaluation of microbiome, metabolomics, and hair analyses among both intervention and control groups at a location distant from the academic laboratories conducting the analysis. The protocol used to assemble, deliver, collect, and process biospecimens are presented along with the frequencies with which specimens were successfully obtained.

Results
One hundred forty six participants (73 parent-child dyads) were part of the larger SHA study and thus eligible to provide a biospecimen. A total of 126 participants, 115 participants, and 127 participants consented to provide their hair, stool and urine samples, respectively. Of the participants that consented to provide a sample, 44 children (69.8%) and 38 parents (60.3%) provided at least one hair sample, 27 children (48.2%) and 37 parents (62.7%) provided at least one stool sample, and 36 children (57.1%) and 42 parents (65.6%) provided at least one urine sample. Sample collection at the offsite location, transport, and handling at the academic center were successful and all biospecimens were deemed adequate for analyses. DNA and metabolomics yield on a subset of stool samples obtained provided excellent results in terms of an abundance of species and metabolities, as would be predicted. Urine and hair analyses are underway.

Conclusion
Our work is one of the first to describe the feasibility of collecting human biospecimens, specifically stool, urine, and hair, from both parents and their children from low-resourced neighborhoods in a non-traditional garden research setting. Future work will report findings related to mechanisms between diet, microbiome, metabolites, and clinical outcomes.
Neutralizing and enhancing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Yafei , Arase Hisashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe high transmissibility and rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 since 2019 has led to a huge burden on healthcare worldwide. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies play an important role in not only protecting against infection but also in clearing the virus and are essential to providing long-term immunity. On the other hand, antibodies against the virus are not always protective. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants, vaccine design strategies as well as antibody-mediated therapeutic approaches have become more important. We review some of the findings on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, focusing on both basic research and clinical applications.
A modified two-step technique for the retrieval of a chemoport catheter fragment with inaccesible ends
Authors: Sokwalla Naushad K , Sagoo Ravjit , Moussa Alel , Mansour Manel Haj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Migration of central venous catheters is a rare but serious complication. The endovascular approach has been widely used for the retrieval of such fragment, with the two-step technique used for removal of catheter fragments with inaccessible ends. In this case report, we describe a modification of this technique that was used after first attempting the two-step technique unsuccessfully.

Case presentation
A 42-year-old female with
breast cancer had a chemoport inserted for chemotherapy. After 6 cycles of
chemotherapy the port could not be flushed and a chest radiograph demonstrated
a migrated catheter fragment. CT scan demonstrated that one end of the fragment
was in the liver in the middle hepatic vein and the other in the right atrial
appendage. A modified 2 step technique, using a pigtail catheter, hydrophilic
wire and snare was used to remove this fragment.

Conclusion
In this case report we
highlight a new modification of the 2-step technique that can be employed when
the conventional 2 step technique does not work.
Resilience of Mediterranean communities to fire depends on burn severity and type of ecosystem
Authors: Huerta Sara , Marcos Elena , Fernández-García Víctor , Calvo Leonor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Burn severity plays an important role in shaping vegetation recovery in Mediterranean ecosystems. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of burn severity on short-term vegetation resilience in different ecosystems. We selected the Cabrera wildfire (northwest Iberian Peninsula), which affected shrubland, heathland, broomland, and oak woodland ecosystems in 2017. Immediately after the fire, we established 249 field plots within the burned area, in which burn severity was quantified by the application of the Composite Burn Index, differentiating three burn severity categories: low, moderate, and high. Moreover, we fixed 136 plots in unburned areas at two different maturity stages: young (unburned for the last 10 years) and old (unburned for the last 20 years) vegetation. Two years after the wildfire, we evaluated the total percentage cover of vegetation in four vertical strata ranging from 0 to > 4 m, as well as the cover of each woody species and total herbaceous vegetation in the lowest stratum (0–0.5 m). Resilience of the 2017 burned areas was interpreted in terms of the difference in vegetation cover and species composition in relation to the two different maturity stages.

Results
The results showed that the lowest stratum was the most resilient in the short term. In fact, all ecosystems presented high resilience of this stratum in low-severity areas. In shrublands and heathlands, this was mainly the consequence of the regeneration of herbaceous vegetation, as the dominant woody species did not fully recover in any of the burned situations (at least 21% and 11% less cover in shrubland and heathland burned plots compared to areas of young vegetation). Specifically, the resilience of this stratum was higher in broomlands and oak woodlands, mainly under moderate and high severities. In these ecosystems, woody dominant species recovered with respect to young vegetation at the 0–0.5-m level. Despite this, burn severity had a negative impact on the short-term resilience of the uppermost strata in broomlands and oak woodlands (cover values close to 0%).

Conclusions
The effects of burn severity on short-term vegetation resilience differed among type of ecosystems and vertical strata, so these results may constitute a starting point for the evaluation of the influence of burn severity and vegetation composition and structure on ecosystem resilience.
A systematic review of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced heart failure and its management
Authors: AlShatnawi Mohammad Nawaf , Shawashreh Rzan Atef , Sunoqrot Mohammed Ashraf , Yaghi Ali Rezeq 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Multiple case reports and case series have been published on heart failure due to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), yet the management and outcome of the said disease have been scarcely discussed in sufficient details. This review is aimed at characterizing the signs, symptoms, laboratory parameters, and outcomes of this entity by analyzing recent published case reports and case series reporting new-onset heart failure in non-small cell lung cancer tumor (NSCLC) patients who are being treated with EGFR TKIs.

Methods
This is a systematic review of case reports and case series for cases of EGFR TKI-induced heart failure. A systematic search was conducted across a number of databases starting with PubMed databases utilizing its MeSH database; after that, a complementary search through Google Scholar was conducted.

Results
In total, 23 cases of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced heart failure were included. The majority of the reported case were females (20 females and three males) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:6.6. Ages ranged from 47 to 91 years of age with a mean age of 70.73 and a median of 71 years of age. Symptom improvement and being symptom-free from a heart failure perspective after treatment from the acute event were observed in 18 cases (78.26%) while heart failure progressively worsened and led to the death of the patient in only one case (4.3%).

Conclusion
The utilization of EGFR TKIs in NSCLCs has been associated with a better outcome and fewer side effects when compared to classical chemotherapeutic agents. However, cardiotoxic effects, such as heart failure, could be significant for a small proportion of patients. Recent papers have reported heart failure in younger and cardiac risk-free patients. Still, it is only advised to monitor for heart failure in the high-risk group. Treatment should be individualized and based on a case-by-case basis.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib in Refractory Solid Tumors Harboring CCNE1 Amplification
Authors: Fu Siqing , Yao Shuyang , Yuan Yuan , Previs Rebecca A. , Elias Anthony D. , Carvajal Richard D. , George Thomas J. , Yuan Ying , Yu Lihou , Westin Shannon N. , Xing Yan , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. , Karp Daniel D. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Ahnert Jordi Rodon , Takebe Naoko , Lu Karen , Keyomarsi Khandan , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Preclinical cancer models harboring CCNE1 amplification were more sensitive to adavosertib treatment, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor, than models without amplification. Thus, we conducted this phase II study to assess the antitumor activity of adavosertib in patients with CCNE1-amplified, advanced refractory solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥ 18 years with measurable disease and refractory solid tumors harboring CCNE1 amplification, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and adequate organ function were studied. Patients received 300 mg of adavosertib once daily on days 1 through 5 and 8 through 12 of a 21-day cycle. The trial followed Bayesian optimal phase II design. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled. The median follow-up duration was 9.9 months. Eight patients had partial responses (PRs), and three had stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months, with an ORR of 27% (95% CI, 12 to 46), a SD ≥ 6 months/PR rate of 37% (95% CI, 20 to 56), a median progression-free survival duration of 4.1 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.4), and a median overall survival duration of 9.9 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 15). Fourteen patients with epithelial ovarian cancer showed an ORR of 36% (95% CI, 13 to 65) and SD ≥ 6 months/PR of 57% (95% CI, 29 to 82), a median progression-free survival duration of 6.3 months (95% CI, 2.4 to 10.2), and a median overall survival duration of 14.9 months (95% CI, 8.9 to 20.9). Common treatment-related toxicities were GI, hematologic toxicities, and fatigue. CONCLUSION Adavosertib monotherapy demonstrates a manageable toxicity profile and promising clinical activity in refractory solid tumors harboring CCNE1 amplification, especially in epithelial ovarian cancer. Further study of adavosertib, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, in CCNE1-amplified epithelial ovarian cancer is warranted.
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Halloun Rana , Galderisi Alfonso , Caprio Sonia , Weiss Ram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The “carbohydrate-insulin model” claims that adipose tissue insulin sensitivity explains development of obesity via adipocyte energy storage and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels.

Objective
We tested whether adipose tissue insulin sensitivity predicts changes in the degree of obesity over time.

Methods
This secondary analysis of an observational study of youth with obesity included 213 youths at a pediatric weight management clinic. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity/resistance and whole-body insulin sensitivity were evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived surrogates in the face of changes in the degree of obesity over time. The main outcome measure was change in body mass index (BMI) z score.

Results
Mean BMI z change was 0.05 ± 0.28 (range, −1.15 to 1.19), representing a broad distribution of changes in the degree of obesity over a follow-up period of 1.88 ± 1.27 years. Adipose tissue insulin resistance was not associated with changes in the degree of obesity in univariate or multivariate analyses (adjusted for baseline age, BMI z score, sex, ethnicity, and time of follow-up). Low postprandial free fatty acid concentrations or their suppression during the OGTT were not associated with changes in the degree of obesity in univariate or multivariate analyses. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was not associated with changes in the degree of obesity in univariate or multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
In this secondary analysis, in youth with obesity, adipose tissue insulin resistance is not protective from increases of the degree of obesity and skeletal muscle insulin resistance is not associated with increases of the degree of obesity.
The analysis was performed using data derived from NCT00000112 and NCT00536250.
Large Heterogeneity Observed in Single Molecule Measurements of Intramolecular Electron Transfer Rates through DNA
Authors: Fan Shuya , Takada Tadao , Maruyama Atsushi , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Kawai Kiyohiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Current understanding of electron transfer (ET) kinetics is largely based on ensemble measurements that obscure the underlying single-molecule behavior. We previously reported systematic distance-dependent single molecule ET measurements that show a large heterogeneity. Here we study and discuss this heterogeneity in more detail and suggest that it is a rather fundamental phenomenon that is difficult to explain solely by the distribution of DNA conformations. This heterogeneity may arise from the uniqueness of each molecule, or it may reflect the uncertainty of ET kinetics.
Moral judgement among university students in Ica: A view from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg
Authors: Pozo Enciso Rosmery Sabina , Arbieto Mamani Oscar , Mendoza Vargas Miguel Gerardo 
Published: December 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to identify moral judgement at the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the post-conventional level in university students in the tenth semester in Ica, in 2022. Method: The research methodology was descriptive-observational, quantitative and cross-sectional. The population consisted of university students in the tenth semester and the sample consisted of 157 university students. A survey was used as a data collection tool and a questionnaire was used to measure the stages of moral judgement according to Lawrence Kholberg. Results: It was found that 12.75% of the study sample was in the instructional relativism stage, 23.10% were in interpersonal agreement, 35.76% were in social order and authority, 11.95% were in social contract and finally 3.80% were in universal ethical principles. Conclusion: It was concluded and identified that the stages of moral judgement among the study sample indicate that interpersonal agreement, social order and authority are the most developed among university students.
Effects of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer in health care quality improvements. A second systematic review.
Authors: Ramírez-Morera Anggie , Tristán Mario , Salazar-Vargas Jordan , Rivera-Chavarría Ana Leonor 
Published: December 2022

Background: Traditionally, EB-CPGs have been believed to mainly improve the quality and consistency of health care, but this claim must be conclusively proven. We used the Donabedian three-dimensional model (structure, process, and patient outcomes) to assess improvements in the quality of medical care derived from implementing EB-CPGs. This study corresponds to the second systematic review carried out as a series of studies on different clinical issues that aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the EB-CPG for improving the quality of care. Methods: We followed the methods described by the Cochrane Handbook and presented a descriptive analysis because of the high heterogeneity found across the included studies. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EBSCO Host databases, as well as the grey literature, between 1990 and April 2021. No language restrictions were applied. Only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were selected. Results: Of the total of 364 interventions included in the eleven RCTs evaluated, 11 (3%) were related to healthcare structure, 51 (14%) to the healthcare delivery process and 302 (83%) to patient outcomes. Regarding the impact of using the EB-CPGs, in 303 interventions (83%), there were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups. In 4 interventions (1%), the result favoured the control and intervention groups in 57 of the interventions (16%). Conclusions: Our study showed that EB-CPGs slightly enhanced the quality of health care in the three dimensions described by Donabedian. Future RCTs should improve their design and methodological rigour by considering the certainty of the evidence supporting the EB-CPGs recommendations. In that context, broader analyses could be performed, having more concise hypotheses for further research. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020205594
VALUE-SEMANTIC SPHERE OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES OF VARIOUS REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kornilova Olga A. , Krylova Elena L. , Matasova Inna L. , Shatalina Mariia A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose. In this article, the similarities and differences of the value-semantic sphere of students of Russian universities are considered as a subject of research. Keeping in mind the regional specifics, it is assumed that the existing similarities in the value-semantic sphere of students of Russian universities in different regions will prevail over the differences. The study involved students of universities in Samara, Omsk, Vladikavkaz and Voronezh.
Methodology. Standardized test methods and methods of mathematical statistics were used to collect and process empirical data.
Results. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the degree of meaningfulness of life and the level of internality of students. The greatest discrepancy in the degree of importance was revealed regarding the values of health, material well-beingнаряду, creativity, family, career, service, glory and rest. At the same time, statistically significant differences in self-actualization and personality orientation were not found. The study participants from different cities showed mostly normal and inflated levels of self-esteem and self-acceptance, most of the students prefer to live in the present, not to postpone and not to plan for a long time ahead. There was also a similarity in the desire to adhere to certain principles, as opposed to showing flexibility and reactivity.
Practical implications. The results of this study will be useful in organizing extracurricular educational work with students, as a basis for the formation and development of their moral self-awareness and subjectivity, as well as the development of educational motivation and professional identity.