bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex, size and eco-geographic factors affect the feeding ecology of the Iberian adder, Vipera seoanei
Authors: Espasandín Ismael , Galán Pedro , Martínez-Freiría Fernando 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Numerous dietary studies have shown that European vipers (genus Vipera) present low feeding frequency and a specialist diet, which is characterised by a marked ontogenetic shift. However, how eco-geographic factors shape species’ feeding ecology remains scarcely addressed. We investigated the feeding ecology of the Iberian adder, Vipera seoanei, examining 402 specimens distributed across its distributional range and addressing how biological, temporal and eco-geographic factors relate to the species feeding activity and dietary consumption. Our results indicated a low feeding frequency in the species, higher in juveniles than in adults. Adult females showed higher rates of prey consumption than adult males, which match to the distinct reproductive demands of both sexes, although no differences between reproductive and non-reproductive females were found. V. seoanei preyed on a varied taxa spectrum, but showed a rather specialist diet based on small mammals. Amphibians and reptiles were also an important part of its diet, particularly in the juveniles. Body size was found as the single biological trait related to the consumption of major prey groups, supporting the occurrence of an ontogenetic shift in the diet. Two habitat and two climatic factors correlated to the consumption of major prey groups, reflecting the ecological requirements of prey across the viper’s range. Overall, this study extends the existing knowledge on the feeding ecology of European vipers, signalling how energy intake and allometric constraints shape the feeding activity and dietary consumption of the species across the geography, leading to distinct feeding strategies in juveniles and adults.
A Chapter in the Debate on Chordate Phylogeny
Authors: Ottaviani Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this essay we propose the edition of some unpublished papers of Francesco Todaro (1839–1918), at that time professor of human anatomy at the University of Rome; these papers collect the results of the research Todaro was carrying out on a sense organ in the Salps, which constitute an interesting chapter in the history of comparative embryology and morphology, in the framework of the debate on the phylogenetic relationships of chordates.
Mysteria, the Beauty of Silence: a Program of Contemplation to Cultivate the Awareness of Beauty in Art Museums
Authors: Melo Amelia , Echarri Fernando 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the design, development, and evaluation of a program on the contemplation of beauty through art aimed at museums: Mysteria, the Beauty of Silence. It investigates if this program is an efficient way to cultivate the awareness of beauty and to favor its transformative power via the art that is contained within museums. The program had a gradual development and included the design of specific art-contemplation techniques. These techniques are eclectically based on the influence of Zen practices, Advaita Vedanta, Yoga, Mindfulness and the guidelines given by Mark Rothko to enable meaningful experiences. The program was developed in the Can Framis Museum of Barcelona (Spain). Twenty-four participants between the ages of 31 and 65 years each contributed over a period with a duration of nine weeks. The usage of a mixed methodology, both quantitative and qualitative, allowed demonstration of the existence of marked changes in the participants in terms of their significant experience with immaterial beauty.
In vitro study of virus new strain JLCuGV infected nodal explants and production of planting material through meristem culture from virus-infected Jatropha curcas plants
Authors: Singh Aneesha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Head and Neck: Experience at a Rural Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Schwartz Tyler R. , Elliott Leighton A. , Fenley Heather , Ramdas Jagadeesh , Scott Greene Joseph 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Retrospectively analyze head and neck Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis at a rural tertiary referral center and compare results with previously published data. Methods: Electronic health record review was performed from 2003 to 2019. Patients with biopsy proven LCH with primary head and neck involvement were included. Demographics, presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment modality, delay in diagnosis (DD, ≥60 days), and outcomes were analyzed and reported. Results: Twenty-four patients were included. The most common presenting symptoms were otorrhea (n = 6) and scalp pain or swelling (n = 6). All patients had bony involvement. The most common site was facial or skull lesions (n = 20). Most skull lesions (75%) demonstrated CNS risk. Six patients were treated with primary surgery, 15 with primary chemotherapy, and 3 with surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients experienced relapse of disease with median time to documented relapse of 11.4 months; all were treated with salvage chemotherapy to achieve complete remission (median follow-up: 72 months). Patients most likely to relapse were those with multisystem disease (5/7, 71.4%), temporal bone lesions (4/7, 57.1%), and DD (7/12, 58.3%). Of the 9 total patients who experienced relapse, 78% had a delay in diagnosis. Conclusions: LCH is a complex disease process in which diagnosis can be delayed if not considered in the differential. Within the head and neck, the skull, including isolated temporal bone involvement, is the most common site of involvement. Treatment modality does not appear to have an influence on relapse rates. Relapse was more likely to occur in the first year after treatment and close monitoring is required.
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in an adult mental health service in the Republic of Ireland.
Authors: Adamis Dimitrios , Fox Naoimh , de M de Camargo Ana Paula P. , Saleem Faisal , Gavin Blánaid , McNicholas Fiona 
Published: June 2022

Objective Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is well recognised in childhood. However, recognition that it commonly persists into adulthood is relatively recent. This study is the 2nd phase of a two-phase epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of adult ADHD in outpatients in Ireland. Method In phase-1, 634 participants were screened with Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Those scoring positive in both scales have been invited to participate in the 2nd phase where the scales Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview (CAADID), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were administered, plus clinical evaluation based in DSM-5. Results 131 were eligible, 110 participated (84.0%). Using the CAADID (DSM-IV criteria) 71 were diagnosed with ADHD. Projecting to the total sample ( N = 634) the prevalence was 13.25%, CI:95%:10.71-16.14. Converting the DSM-IV criteria to DSM-5, 89 had ADHD (prevalence:16.72%, CI: 13.9-19.86). Using clinical evaluation, 86 were diagnosed with ADHD (prevalence:16.09%, CI:13.31-19.18). Only 3 cases were diagnosed before with ADHD. Comorbidity was higher in those with ADHD, with the median number of additional diagnoses 2 (min 0 max 8, IQR 3) Also, they had significantly higher rates of depression and recurred depression. Agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-5 was high (rho = 0.90, p < .0001). Conclusions High rates of undiagnosed ADHD were found to be present among AMHS attendees. Clinicians in AMHS need to be knowledgeable and alert to possible ADHD among their caseloads, and offer appropriate intervention. Interventions are urgently required to increase the detection and treatment of adult ADHD.
Long-term trends in incidence and prevalence of severe sight impairment due to diabetes in South East Scotland before and after implementation of diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: Anderson Martin J , Chinn David J , Styles Caroline J 
Published: June 2022

The study set out to examine the impact of the introduction of a national diabetic retinopathy screening programme in Scotland in 2006 on incidence and trends in severe sight impairment (SSI) certification due to diabetes over three decades. We analysed SSI certification due to diabetic eye disease in Fife, Scotland, between 2010 and 2019 and compared it to previously published estimates from 1990 onwards. Population estimates of the general population and those with diabetes were obtained from the National Records of Scotland and the National Diabetes Register, NHS SCI Diabetes, respectively. Mean annual incidence of SSI in the population with diabetes, 1990–2019, before and after the introduction of diabetic retinopathy screening was compared using a Mann–Whitney U Test. Mean incidence in 2007–2019 was 19.8/100,000 and was significantly less than the period before the systematic screening, 1990–2006 (57.5/100,000, p < .001). Mean SSI incidence due to diabetes in Fife between 2010 and 2019 was significantly lower than in the previous decades ( p < .001) at 16.4 per 100,000 for the population with diabetes, per year ( SD 10.0; 95% confidence interval: [9.2, 23.5]) compared to 42.7 per 100,000 in 2000–2009 and 64.3 per 100,000 in 1990–1999. This study demonstrates a significant reduction in the annual incidence of SSI due to diabetes before and after the introduction of the screening programme provides evidence for the benefit of systematic diabetic retinopathy screening programmes. Other factors including improved management of diabetes and risk factors will have also had an impact emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of sight loss in diabetes.
Quality of life after extra corporeal life support therapy
Authors: de Vlugt Roos , Spek Bea , van de Pol Ineke , Rigter Sander 
Published: June 2022

Background Extra Corporeal Life Support (ECLS) may be a life-saving treatment for patients with reversible cardiac and/or respiratory failure. ECLS is associated with a high risk of complications and mortality. Because only a small number of studies have been conducted into the long-term effects of ECLS, we investigated the difference in quality of life, anxiety and depressive complaints and PTSD 3 months after ICU discharge. Method It is a retrospective case–control study covering the period January 2012 to December 2017. The ECLS patient group was compared to a matched similar patient group in the Intensive Care (IC) that did not have ECLS therapy. Quality of life was measured with the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, anxiety and depression was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and for PTSD the Impact of Events Scale (IES) questionnaire was used, comparing sum scores and cut-off points of scores from both groups. Results Included were 19 patients in the ECLS group and 38 in the control group. The mean sum scores on the sub scales of the SF36 questionnaire were the same for both groups. Only the mean score of 66.2 (scale 0–100) on the domain ‘general health experience’ was statistically significantly different in the ECLS group than in the control group (56.8, p = .02). There was no significant difference between the sum scores of both groups on anxiety and depressive complaints. In the ECLS group 32% of the patients may have a depressive disorder versus 18% from the control group ( p = .32). And 26% of the patients from the ECLS group may have an anxiety disorder versus 7% from the control group ( p = .51). The incidence of PTSD was 42% in the ECLS group and 24% in the control group ( p = .22). Conclusion We found no statistically significant difference in quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms between ECLS patients and the matched control group - 3 months after the ICU discharge. The incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and PTSD in the ECLS group is higher than in the control group, however, this difference is not significant.
Corticosteroids in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of 12,559 patients
Authors: Chen Lei , Xiang Feng , Hu Yiyi 
Published: June 2022

Objective Corticosteroids can attenuate the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, but their benefits on clinical outcomes are unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate whether corticosteroid therapy affects outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, EBSCO and Cochrane databases from 1 January 2010 to 14 March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed corticosteroid versus non- corticosteroid therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were renal failure, infection, delirium, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Results Four RCTs including 12,559 patients (6265 randomized to corticosteroid therapy and 6294 to non-corticosteroid therapy) were included. One-hundred and 92 of 6265 patients (3.1%) randomized to the corticosteroid group versus 221 of 6294 patients (3.5%) randomized to the non-corticosteroid group experienced death during hospitalization. Compared the control group, corticosteroid therapy did not significantly reduce in-hospital mortality, with an RR of 0.87 (0.72–1.06), p = .16. There was no difference in the incidence of infection (RR 0.78 (0.56–1.10), p = .16), delirium during hospitalization (RR 1.01 (0.90–1.14), p = .85), or the length of hospital stay (MD −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.05), p = .17). However, corticosteroid therapy significantly reduced the risk of renal failure ( RR 0.82 (0.67–0.99), p = .04), and the length of ICU stay (MD −0.41 (−0.65 to −0.17), p < .01). Conclusions Corticosteroids did not significantly reduce the rates of in-hospital mortality, infection, or delirium, but reduce the incidence of renal failure and the length of ICU stay.
The Call for Standardization of Shear Bond Strength Testing Protocols in Orthodontics
Authors: Jain Mahesh , Patel Dolly , Sharma Taruna 
Published: June 2022

Purpose The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets is an important factor in imparting desired treatment as repeated breakages during treatment not only delay its completion but also affect the quality of treatment. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the in vitro studies related to bond strength testing and to identify experimental conditions that are not standardized while performing in vitro studies. Materials and Method The total of 580 studies were searched, and 84 studies were accepted for review as per inclusion criteria. The 12 experimental conditions were analyzed, and it was found that none of the studies described all the conditions listed. Results There is no uniformity in parameters guidelines such as storing media, temperature, crosshead speed, type of testing method, and testing machine used in studies. None of the studies considered all reviewed conditions in their study design. Conclusion There is a need to frame proper recommendations for the testing protocols to be followed for in vitro bond strength studies so that baseline data as a reference will allow the intercomparison of results among studies and to reach any conclusion.
Identifying Quality Indicators for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Burgess Jennifer G. , Maust Donovan T. , Myron Chang Ming-Un , Zivin Kara , Gerlach Lauren B. 
Published: June 2022

Background We convened a two-round, modified Delphi panel to identify and reach consensus on additional potential quality indicators (QIs) for nursing home residents with dementia. Methods The study team identified 12 potential QIs for nursing home dementia care and treatment of behavioral disturbances based on review of the literature. All proposed QIs were readily available in administrative claims data. Panelists rated each QI on importance, usefulness, and feasibility (a total of 36 items) using a 9-point Likert scale. Data were collected using an online survey platform and virtual group discussion. We defined consensus as ≥70% of the panelists responding within a three-point range surrounding the median. A QI achieved relevance on a domain (importance, usefulness, feasibility) when the panel reached consensus and a median rating of 7-9. Results The study had a 100% response rate for both survey rounds. Twenty-four items achieved consensus, with 15 reaching relevance with a median >7. Three QIs (percent of long-stay residents with dementia prescribed APs, percent with physical restraint use, and percent with a positive behavioral symptom score) reached consensus at the highest median score (9) for importance. Only 2 of the 12 proposed QIs reached relevance on all three domains: percent of long-stay residents with dementia prescribed antipsychotics (APs) and percent prescribed benzodiazepines. Conclusions Of the proposed QIs, our panel of dementia care experts only reached consensus on two QIs: measuring long-stay resident prescriptions of APs and benzodiazepines. Challenges remain in identifying QIs that meet threshold of all three areas and accurately reflect quality nursing home dementia care.
Regulating the electrical resistive switching behaviors of polyimides through different steric hindrance substituents on 2,7-position of tetraphenyl fluorene diamines moieties
Authors: Nan Junyi , Fan Yingtao , Hu Kaitai , Gao Yang , Chen Fangyuan , Shen Yingzhong , Yang Yanhua 
Published: June 2022

Three novel polyimides (PI(TPF-Br BPDA), PI(TPF-Ph BPDA), and PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA)) with tetraphenyl fluorene (TPF) were synthesized and tested. The laboratorial results showed that the constructed electronic devices exhibited different memory behaviors due to the different steric hindrance substituents (bromine atom, phenyl, and 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) in 2,7-position of TPF molecule. The memorizers based on PI(TPF-Br BPDA) and PI(TPF-Ph BPDA) presented volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM) feature with turn-on voltages of −2.39 and +1.45 V, as same as −1.71 and +1.74 V, separately. However, the PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA) based apparatus exhibited non-volatile write-once read-many-times memory (WORM) behavior with turn-on voltage of −1.13 V, due to the more charge traps of 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl moieties and higher dipole moment. The switching mechanism was verified by quantum simulation of energy level, electrostatic potential (ESP) surface and dipole moment. These results indicated that the electrical memory performance of the synthesized TPF-based PIs could be adjusted by modifying the electron donor structure.
Management of Steroid-Refractory Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Brongiel Samantha , Rychalsky Kristen L. , Luon Darren , Johnson Aubrey R. , Price Christina , Abdelghany Osama 
Published: June 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause inflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are often effectively managed with steroids. Less is known about the best management of irAEs refractory to steroid treatment. Objective: We aimed to assess the efficacy of second-line medications used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) irAEs. Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective medical record review of patients who received steroids for an ICI GI irAE and at least one dose of infliximab, vedolizumab, or adalimumab for irAE treatment from March 25, 2011 to September 20, 2019, approved by Yale University’s Institutional Review Board. Our primary objective was to assess the efficacy of second-line treatment, measured by the change in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0 grading system. Results: A total of 39 patients met inclusion criteria. Treatment for steroid-refractory GI irAEs demonstrated a high response rate, with irAE resolution seen in 89.7% of patients. Patients who were specifically initiated on infliximab within 14 days of starting steroids had a higher percent resolution seen in 94.4% of patients. The average time to response, defined as the average days from second-line therapy to reported symptom resolution, was 17 days. Conclusion and relevance: Steroid-refractory GI irAEs can be managed effectively in most patients with immunosuppressive therapy, such as infliximab. Furthermore, initiating second-line immunosuppressive therapy within 14 days of steroid failure resulted in a higher rate of symptom resolution.
Associations of Cannabis Use across Adolescence and Early Adulthood With Health and Psychosocial Adjustment in Early Adulthood and Midadulthood in Men
Authors: Capaldi Deborah M , Tiberio Stacey S , Kerr David CR , Owen Lee D 
Published: June 2022

Background: Associations between men’s prior cannabis use and their physical and psychosocial adjustment were examined using prospective data across adolescence (ages 13-20 years), early adulthood (ages 20-30 years), and midadulthood (ages 30-38 years). The theoretical framework was based in developmental-contextual and lifespan approaches. Method: Models were tested using men in the Oregon Youth Study who had been studied since ages 9 to 10 years and who, in childhood, lived in neighborhoods with higher than average rates of delinquency. Cannabis use in adolescence was used to predict early adult outcomes (and early adult use to midadult outcomes). In addition, a set of covariates was added to the models, including childhood risk factors assessed at age 9 years (ie, family socioeconomic status; externalizing behaviors; and if available, the childhood proxy for the outcome [eg, age 9 intelligence scale]) and alcohol use in adolescence (or early adulthood). physical health outcomes included accidental injuries, problems resulting from a prior injury, body mass index, self-report health, and also pain and cardiovascular risk (blood pressure and pulse rate) in midadulthood. Psychosocial outcomes included income, housing insecurity, intelligence, depressive symptoms, psychosis symptoms, hostility/aggression, social problems, and attention problems. Results: Whereas there was almost no prediction from prior cannabis use to the physical health outcomes, there were comprehensive associations of cannabis use from the prior developmental period and psychosocial outcomes in both early adulthood and midadulthood. Conclusion: Cannabis use in prior developmental periods was associated with a broad range of types of poor psychosocial adjustment in adulthood.