bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family physician leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: roles, functions and key supports
Authors: Mathews Maria , Ryan Dana , Hedden Lindsay , Lukewich Julia , Marshall Emily Gard , Brown Judith Belle , Gill Paul S. , McKay Madeleine , Wong Eric , Wetmore Stephen J. , Buote Richard , Meredith Leslie , Moritz Lauren , Spencer Sarah , Alexiadis Maria , Freeman Thomas R. , Letto Aimee , Ryan Bridget L. , Sibbald Shannon L. , Terry Amanda Lee 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Strong leadership in primary care is necessary to coordinate an effective pandemic response; however, descriptions of leadership roles for family physicians are absent from previous pandemic plans. This study aims to describe the leadership roles and functions family physicians played during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and identify supports and barriers to formalizing these roles in future pandemic plans.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with family physicians across four regions in Canada as part of a multiple case study. During the interviews, participants were asked about their roles during each pandemic stage and the facilitators and barriers they experienced. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis approach was used to identify recurring themes.

Findings
Sixty-eight family physicians completed interviews. Three key functions of family physician leadership during the pandemic were identified: conveying knowledge, developing and adapting protocols for primary care practices and advocacy. Each function involved curating and synthesizing information, tailoring communications based on individual needs and building upon established relationships.

Practical implications
Findings demonstrate the need for future pandemic plans to incorporate formal family physician leadership appointments, as well as supports such as training, communication aides and compensation to allow family physicians to enact these key roles.

Originality/value
The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to examine the leadership roles of family physicians, which have been largely overlooked in past pandemic plans. This study’s findings highlight the importance of these roles toward delivering an effective and coordinated pandemic response with uninterrupted and safe access to primary care.
An mHealth‐Supported antenatal lifestyle intervention may be associated with improved maternal sleep in pregnancy: Secondary analysis from the PEARS trial
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Kennelly Maria A. , Killeen Sarah Louise , Lindsay Karen L. , Crowley Rachel K. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of an antenatal diet and exercise intervention during pregnancy on sleep duration. As a secondary objective, associations between sleep duration and gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal metabolic parameters and pregnancy outcomes were assessed.DesignSecondary analysis.SettingLarge tertiary Maternity Hospital in Dublin, Ireland.Population326 women with overweight or obesity who participated in the Pregnancy Exercise And Nutrition Research Study (PEARS) randomised controlled trial between March 2013 and August 2016.MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomised trial.Main outcome measuresImpact of the PEARS intervention on sleep duration, and association of sleep duration and maternal metabolic parameters, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 32.5 ± 4.5 years and median (interquartile range [IQR]) body mass index of 28.3 (26.6–31.2) kg/m2. The intervention group had a longer sleep duration in late pregnancy (mean difference 17.1 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5–33.7) and a higher proportion achieving optimum sleep duration of 7–9 h (54.3 vs. 42.9%, relative risk [RR] 1.28 (95% CI 1.01–1.62). In late pregnancy, sleep duration of <6 h was associated with lower breastfeeding rates on discharge (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95) and higher triglyceride levels (mean difference 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.38). There were no significant associations between sleep and incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus or pre‐eclampsia/toxaemia, or other metabolic parameters assessed (insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA‐IR).ConclusionA diet and exercise intervention from early pregnancy may promote longer and optimal sleep duration, with maternal benefits such as lower triglyceride levels and higher breastfeeding rates.
Maternal alloimmune antibodies against HPA and HLA class I antigens are associated with reduced birthweight among healthy neonates delivered by Chinese women
Authors: Xue Yang , Xin Wenlong , Li Chao , Zeng Xing , Song Zhanyun , Cao Chen , Zhao Tongmao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is well known that HPA‐1a antibodies lead to fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), and an association with reduced birthweight in boys has been reported. Although it remains unclear whether HLA antibodies cause FNAIT, an association between HLA class I antibodies and reduced birthweight in FNAIT neonates has been observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of platelet antibodies among Chinese women and the impact of maternal alloimmune antibodies on birthweight among healthy neonates.Material and methodsIn this retrospective observational cohort study, platelet antibody screening was performed among women hospitalized for delivery from March 2019 to November 2020. A portion of each serum sample was used to distinguish HLA class I antibodies from HPA antibodies. Based on neonatal sex, gestational age and maternal age, platelet antibody‐negative women who were hospitalized for delivery during the same period were randomly selected as reference groups at a 1:1 ratio for comparisons of the birthweights of healthy neonates delivered by women who were positive or negative for platelet antibodies.ResultsAmong 15 156 women, 1008 (6.7%) were positive for platelet antibodies; the incidences of positive platelet antibody were 1.2%, 1.9%, 1.6% and 2.0% among women with 1, 2, 3 and >3 pregnancies, respectively. Among 787 platelet antibody‐positive serum samples available for further analysis, 548 (69.6%) were positive for HLA class I antibodies bound to platelets, and 239 (30.4%) were positive for HPA antibodies. The average birthweight of healthy neonates delivered by women who were positive for platelet antibodies, HLA class I antibodies or HPA antibodies was 161–483 g lower than that of neonates delivered by women who were negative for these antibodies (P < 0.001). Regarding birthweight reduction, there was no significant difference among women who were positive for these antibodies or between boys and girls (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study is the first to report that maternal HPA and HLA class I antibodies are associated with reduced birthweight among healthy neonates delivered by Chinese women. This finding provides information for the study of the effect of maternal alloimmune antibodies on fetal development.
Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project
Authors: Dettweiler Ulrich , Gerchen Martin , Mall Christoph , Simon Perikles , Kirsch Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEducation outside the classroom (EOtC) is considered beneficial to children's physical and mental health. Especially, stress resilience has been linked to nature experience.AimsThis study experimentally explored the effects of pupils' autonomy support (AUT) and physical activity (PA) on their biological stress responses and brain development in EOtC.SampleThe study comprised 48 fifth and sixth graders.MethodsThe intervention consisted of one day/week taught in a forest over one school year. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted at the beginning and the end of the school year, functional MRI under a stress condition at the end. Regions of interest were amygdala, hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). All other measures were obtained at the beginning, at mid‐term and at the end of the school year. PA was measured using accelerometry. Cortisol levels were obtained three times during the examined school days. AUT was measured with a paper‐based survey. Data were analysed using Bayesian multivariate models.ResultsEOtC students exhibit more efficient regulation of biological stress‐reactivity and show a reduction of cortisol over the day associated with light PA in the forest. Cortisol is further associated with amygdala activation in the stress condition. Cerebral structural change is best explained by age; however, AUT has a positive direct effect on the maturation of the ACC, which is stronger in EOtC.ConclusionsOur results support the idea that autonomy supportive teaching fosters cerebral maturation and that EOtC can have a positive effect on biological stress regulation.
AtypicalTDP‐43 protein expression in anALSpedigree carrying a p.Y374Xtruncation mutation inTARDBP
Authors: Cooper‐Knock Johnathan , Julian Thomas H. , Feneberg Emily , Highley J. Robin , Sidra Maurice , Turner Martin R. , Talbot Kevin , Ansorge Olaf , Allen Scott P. , Moll Tobias , Shelkovnikova Tatyana , Castelli Lydia , Hautbergue Guillaume M. , Hewitt Christopher , Kirby Janine , Wharton Stephen B. , Mead Richard J. , Shaw Pamela J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe an autosomal dominant, multi‐generational, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pedigree in which disease co‐segregates with a heterozygous p.Y374X nonsense mutation within TDP‐43. Mislocalization of TDP‐43 and formation of insoluble TDP‐43‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions is the hallmark pathology in >95% of ALS patients. Neuropathological examination of the single case for which CNS tissue was available indicated typical TDP‐43 pathology within lower motor neurons, but classical TDP‐43‐positive inclusions were absent from motor cortex. The mutated allele is transcribed and translated in patient fibroblasts and motor cortex tissue, but overall TDP‐43 protein expression is reduced compared to wild‐type controls. Despite absence of TDP‐43‐positive inclusions we confirmed deficient TDP‐43 splicing function within motor cortex tissue. Furthermore, urea fractionation and mass spectrometry of motor cortex tissue carrying the mutation revealed atypical TDP‐43 protein species but not typical C‐terminal fragments. We conclude that the p.Y374X mutation underpins a monogenic, fully penetrant form of ALS. Reduced expression of TDP‐43 combined with atypical TDP‐43 protein species and absent C‐terminal fragments extends the molecular phenotypes associated with TDP‐43 mutations and with ALS more broadly. Future work will need to include the findings from this pedigree in dissecting the mechanisms of TDP‐43‐mediated toxicity.
Cutaneous eyelid melanoma with lacrimal sac metastasis: the potential role of lacrimal fluid as a metastatic pathway
Authors: Nakamura Yoshio , Tanese Keiji , Kameyama Kaori , Ota Yu , Fusumae Takaiyuki , Hirai Ikuko , Fukuda Keitaro , Funakoshi Takeru 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Here we present a patient with cutaneous eyelid melanoma patient with lacrimal sac metastasis. Clinicopathological findings in this case support the theory that lacrimal fluid can be a metastatic pathway for tumour cells. Dermatologists should be aware of the possibility that cutaneous eyelid melanoma may involve the nasolacrimal system and should examine it during the perioperative period and in postoperative follow-up.
Acupuncture and osteopathic medicine for atopic dermatitis: a three-armed, randomized controlled explorative clinical trial
Authors: Rotter Gabriele , Ahnert Moritz W. , Geue Anne V. , Icke Katja , Binting Sylvia , Tissen-Diabaté Tatjana , Roll Stephanie , Ortiz Miriam , Reinhold Thomas , Kass Benjamin , Staab Doris , Pfab Florian , Willich Stefan N. , Brinkhaus Benno 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently use acupuncture (ACU) and osteopathic medicine (OM), although their therapeutic benefits are unclear.

Aim
To investigate the effectiveness of ACU and OM in patients with AD.

Methods
In a three-armed, single-centre, randomized controlled open explorative clinical trial, adult patients with AD received ACU, OM or no study intervention (control group; CG) plus routine care. Outcomes included disease severity (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; SCORAD), itching intensity (visual analogue scale; VAS), frequency of topical corticosteroid (TCS) use over 7 days and cost-effectiveness. Endpoints were analysed by analysis of covariance adjusted for the respective baseline value and TCS use.

Results
Overall, 121 patients (92 women, 29 men) with a mean ± SD age of 31.4 ± 10.5 years were randomized. After 12 weeks, the adjusted means (95% CI) for ACU, OM and control were, respectively, 22.3 (18.3–26.3), 26.4 (22.6–30.2) and 23.7 (19.9–27.5) for SCORAD (P = 0.32); 27.9 (19.5–36.4), 35.0 (26.9–43.0) and 42.3 (34.7–50.0) for VAS itching (P &lt; 0.05); and 2.3 (0.8–3.9), 1.9 (0.4–3.5) and 4.3 (2.6–6.0), for TCS use (P = 0.10). ACU and OM were not cost-effective compared with the CG.

Conclusion
Although no differences in disease severity were found, our findings indicate that ACU might reduce itching in patients with AD. Furthermore, ACU and OM showed a trend towards reducing TCS use.
Systemic sclerosis mortality trends in Spain from 1980 to 2019: age–period–cohort and joinpoint analysis
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Juan-Carlos , Sendín-Martín Mercedes , Durán-Romero Antonio-José , Álvarez Juan Ortiz , Conejo-Mir Julián , Pereyra-Rodríguez José-Juan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune chronic rheumatic disease with a high mortality rate, which continues to be a challenge for clinicians today.

Aim
To assess changes in mortality trends in the Spanish SSc population between 1980 and 2019, taking into account the independent effects of sex, age, time period and birth cohort.

Methods
SSc death records and mid-year population data were collected from the National Statistics Institute. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for the overall population and for each sex (male, female) and age group (5-year groups). Significant changes in mortality trends were identified by joinpoint regressions. An age–period–cohort (APC) analysis and potential years of life lost (PYLL) analysis were performed to identify the burden of SSc.

Results
Age-standardized mortality rates due to SSc increased from 1.87 (95% CI 1.00–3.02) per 1 000 000 inhabitants between 1980 and 1984, to 2.47 (95% CI 1.74–3.02) per 1 000 000 inhabitants between 2015 and 2019. The relative risk of mortality fell in all groups in cohorts born after 1990. The PYLL rates showed a gradual rise for both sexes.

Conclusion
There was an increase in overall SSc mortality in Spain during the 39 years evaluated, although there was a progressive drop for men.
Identification of peptides from protease‐fermented milk protein and immunomodulatory effect in vivo against lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation
Authors: Xie Yujia , Li Mingyi , Zhang Shaohui 
Published: July 2022

SummaryFood‐derived peptides exhibit potential immunomodulatory effects and become popular functional ingredients in food industry. However, the in vivo effect varies from in vitro while the optimal utilisation content remains unclear. This study aimed to identify novel peptides from protease‐facilitated fermentation, to evaluate their immunomodulatory effect and effect‐dose relationship in vivo. Totally 2045 peptides were screened by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and in silico methods were applied to predict the potential bioactivity through Peptide Ranker, GRAVY Calculator and PepDraw. In vivo assay indicated that 200 mg kg−1 milk‐derived peptides showed the optimal regulation on lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation by enhancing the immune function of spleen and regulating immunoglobulin and cytokine production. These peptides contributed to the prevention of inflammation through the oral route and could be further applied in functional food development.
Effect of dandelion root polysaccharide on structure, rheology and retrogradation properties of corn starch during storage
Authors: Wang Libo , Zhu Ling , Gao Jingyu , Zhang Fengjie , Li Lianyu , Yang Yu , Xu Yaqin 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe influence of dandelion root polysaccharide (DRP) on the retrogradation characteristics of corn starch (CS) in the process of storage was studied. Compared with native corn starch gel, the blue value (BV), hardness and syneresis were significantly decreased with the increasing of DRP concentration. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that DRP addition inhibited the recrystallisation of CS during retrogradation. In addition, the dynamic rheological behaviours confirmed that DRP could enhance the shear stability and reduce the elastic properties of corn starch gel. These data showed DRP had potential application value in delaying starch retrogradation and improving food texture.
The structural rearrangement and depolymerisation induced by high‐pressure homogenisation inhibit the thermal aggregation of myofibrillar protein
Authors: Su Chang , He Zhifei , Wang Zefu , Zhang Dong , Li Hongjun 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe effects of heating on the dissolution and aggregation of high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH)‐treated myofibrillar protein (MP) in low ionic strength medium were investigated in this study. Upon heating, HPH‐treated MP (HTMP) had a greater solubility and lower turbidity than control MP (P < 0.05). The rheological measurement exhibited that the thermal aggregation ability of HTMP was hampered due to lower storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″), except near 50 °C. The increased G′ and G″ of HTMP at near 50 °C could be attributed to structural rearrangement induced by HPH. The analysis of proteomics indicated that HPH destroyed the cytoskeletal proteins in myofibrillar structure, made MP structure more swollen and flexible, promoted MP rearrangement and formation of oligomers with higher negative charge, which produced stronger steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion between molecules, thus inhibiting thermally induced MP aggregation. The depolymerisation effect induced by HPH destroyed myosin head and tail portion, hampered the assembly of myosin into filaments and therefore suppressed the formation of strand‐type aggregates under heating. The in vitro digestion suggested that the depolymerisation and rearrangement effect significantly improved MP digestibility (P < 0.05) regardless of whether the protein was heat treated or not.
Fagiolina del Trasimeno, an Italian cowpea landrace: effect of different cooking techniques and domestic storage on chemical and biological features
Authors: Acito Mattia , Palomba Martina , Fatigoni Cristina , Villarini Milena , Sancineto Luca , Santi Claudio , Moretti Massimo 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe aim of this work was a chemical and biological characterisation of Fagiolina del Trasimeno (Italian cowpea landrace) in its coloured and white variants. After opening the package (T0), samples were addressed to a set of chemical and biological assays. Analyses were also conducted on cooked, 6‐month‐stored (T1) and commercial products. Chemical composition was comparatively analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the proton. At both T0 and T1, raw coloured Fagiolina del Trasimeno showed statistically higher values in terms of phenolic content (T0: 11.51 mg GAE/g, T1: 9.34 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH T0: 27.40 μmol TE/g, T1: 20.15 μmol TE/g; ABTS T0: 37.98 μmol CE/g, T1: 27.24 μmol CE/g) when compared with white/commercial variants. Globally, boiling, pressure‐cooking, and storage led to a loss in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. However, values in coloured samples generally remained higher than those observed in the other products. Finally, Fagiolina del Trasimeno extracts were shown to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in HepG2 cells (up to −41.96%). In summary, these results highlighted interesting chemical and biological features of this product, showing the impact of routine procedures, as well.
Evaluation of 11C‐choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for determining treatment response in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kimura Kazuhiko , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Kawanaka Yusuke , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Komoto Hisashi , Fujiwara Masayuki , Furukawa Yoshitaka , Kanematsu Akihiro , Yamamoto Shingo , Miyake Hideaki , Yamakado Koichiro 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe utility of 11C‐choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for determining treatment response as compared with prostate‐specific antigen response and prognosis prediction in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients was investigated.MethodsEighty‐four 11C‐choline‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans before/after treatments with abiraterone (n = 12 patients), enzalutamide (n = 3), docetaxel (n = 9), cabazitaxel (n = 5), radiation therapy alone (n = 3), radiation therapy, enzalutamide, and/or abiraterone (n = 5), radium‐223 (n = 4), and radiofrequency ablation (n = 1) in 42 castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients were retrospectively examined. Prostate‐specific antigen values were determined before and after treatment. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, the correlation of Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria In Solid Tumors with prostate‐specific antigen response and prognostic impact was evaluated.ResultsPretreatment 11C‐choline‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings identified local, lymph node, bone, and visceral metastasis in 12, 12, 29, and five patients, respectively. Following treatments, complete metabolic response was noted in one, partial metabolic response in eight, stable metabolic disease in 13, and progressive metabolic disease in 20. Mean prostate‐specific antigen change for complete metabolic response, partial metabolic response, stable metabolic disease and progressive metabolic disease was −48.9%, −55.0% (range −92.4% to −19.1%), −4.2% (−33.2% to 35.1%), and 142.7% (30.7% to 373.8%), respectively, significantly greater in the progressive metabolic disease cases (P < 0.01). Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria In Solid Tumors was well correlated with prostate‐specific antigen change. Patients with no progression (complete metabolic response/partial metabolic response/stable metabolic disease) showed significantly longer cancer‐specific survival than progressive metabolic disease (P < 0.005). Using pretreatment 11C‐choline‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography results to divide into three groups; (a) local and/or lymph node metastasis without bone metastasis (n = 10), (b) <6 bone metastasis sites (n = 16), (c) ≥6 bone metastasis sites and/or visceral metastasis (n = 16), cancer‐specific survival showed significant stratification (P < 0.001).Conclusions11C‐choline‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography may reflect castration‐resistant prostate cancer metastatic lesion activity for treatment response and prognosis evaluations.