bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting anatomical and biochemical controls on mesophyll conductance across plant functional types
Authors: Knauer Jürgen , Cuntz Matthias , Evans John R. , Niinemets Ülo , Tosens Tiina , Veromann‐Jürgenson Linda‐Liisa , Werner Christiane , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Mesophyll conductance (gm) limits photosynthesis by restricting CO2 diffusion between the substomatal cavities and chloroplasts. Although it is known that gm is determined by both leaf anatomical and biochemical traits, their relative contribution across plant functional types (PFTs) is still unclear.

We compiled a dataset of gm measurements and concomitant leaf traits in unstressed plants comprising 563 studies and 617 species from all major PFTs. We investigated to what extent gm limits photosynthesis across PFTs, how gm relates to structural, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological leaf properties, and whether these relationships differ among PFTs.

We found that gm imposes a significant limitation to photosynthesis in all C3 PFTs, ranging from 10–30% in most herbaceous annuals to 25–50% in woody evergreens. Anatomical leaf traits explained a significant proportion of the variation in gm (R2 > 0.3) in all PFTs except annual herbs, in which gm is more strongly related to biochemical factors associated with leaf nitrogen and potassium content.

Our results underline the need to elucidate mechanisms underlying the global variability of gm. We emphasise the underestimated potential of gm for improving photosynthesis in crops and identify modifications in leaf biochemistry as the most promising pathway for increasing gm in these species.
Investigative Ordinary Language Philosophy
Authors: Hardman Doug , Hutchinson Phil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we explicate the method of Investigative Ordinary Language Philosophy (IOLP). The term was coined by John Cook to describe the unique philosophical approach of Frank Ebersole. We argue that (i) IOLP is an overlooked yet valuable philosophical method grounded in our everyday experiences and concerns; and (ii) as such, Frank Ebersole is an important but neglected figure in the history of ordinary language philosophy.
Antioxidant activity of kafirin hydrolysates on UVB irradiated human keratinocyte cells and in silico identification
Authors: Castro‐Jácome Tania P. , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Chacón‐López M. Alejandra , Kalixto‐Sánchez Marco A. , Rivera María del Pilar , López‐García Ulises M. , Alcántara‐Quintana Luz E. , Tovar‐Pérez Erik G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) causes photoaging of the skin, the appearance of wrinkles, spots, and alteration of the skin barrier. The main cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are the keratinocytes; these cells play an important role in protecting this organ.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates from kafirin to inhibit UVB‐induced responses in human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT).MethodsKafirin hydrolysates were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the HaCaT cell line in the presence of UVB and the effects of the hydrolysates against the UVB‐induced response were evaluated. Furthermore, the peptides that were generated by hydrolysis were identified in silico using the BIOPEP database.ResultsTwo protein sequences were identified (α‐kafirin and the precursor protein of α‐kafirin), in the kafirin extract. A degree of hydrolysis of 18.8% was obtained by hydrolyzing the kafirin extract with alcalase. The kafirin hydrolysates avoided the decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx reducing the oxidative stress generated by UVB. Using the BIOPEP‐UWM database, we found 102 peptide sequences, and it has shown that the peptides have a large amount of hydrophobic amino acids such as proline, alanine, and glutamine, and amino acids with high antioxidant capacity.ConclusionThese results suggest that the kafirin hydrolysates can be used as antioxidant agents to ameliorate UVB‐induced skin keratinocytes cells' response in vitro, providing an alternative against UVB‐induced photoaging.
Improving the resilience of power grids against typhoons with data‐driven spatial distributionally robust optimization
Authors: Yin Zhaoyuan , Fang Chao , Yang Haoxiang , Fang Yiping , Xie Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the increased frequency of natural hazards has led to more disruptions in power grids, potentially causing severe infrastructural damages and cascading failures. Therefore, it is important that the power system resilience be improved by implementing new technology and utilizing optimization methods. This paper proposes a data‐driven spatial distributionally robust optimization (DS‐DRO) model to provide an optimal plan to install and dispatch distributed energy resources (DERs) against the uncertain impact of natural hazards such as typhoons. We adopt an accurate spatial model to evaluate the failure probability with regard to system components based on wind speed. We construct a moment‐based ambiguity set of the failure distribution based on historical typhoon data. A two‐stage DS‐DRO model is then formulated to obtain an optimal resilience enhancement strategy. We employ the combination of dual reformulation and a column‐and‐constraints generation algorithm, and showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a modified IEEE 13‐node reliability test system projected in the Hong Kong region.
Fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome supported by a Quad Zygoma Approach: A clinical report
Authors: Alzoubi Fawaz , Wong Allen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPapillon‐Lefevere syndrome (PLS) is a rare disorder with severe oral manifestations resulting in premature tooth loss at an early stage of life. As a result, extensive bone resorption pattern in the maxilla negates conventional implant treatment in the majority of cases. This clinical report describes a prosthetic rehabilitation revision of a 26‐year‐old female diagnosed with PLS using an implant supported fixed complete denture with a quad zygoma approach. A 1 year follow‐up is also presented.
Occurrence and potential transmission of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing extraintestinal pathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in domestic dog faeces from Minnesota
Authors: Johnson Timothy J. , Armstrong Joseph R. , Johnston Brian , Merino‐Velasco Irene , Jamborova Ivana , Singer Randall S. , Johnson James R. , Bender Jeff B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInteractions between humans and pets are increasingly valued in western countries, leading to more extensive contact between humans and their pets within households. Although the magnitude of the risk of transfer of Escherichia coli between humans and their companion animals is undefined, that such transmission occurs has been established and warrants attention. This study examined 186 fresh faecal samples from companion dogs visiting 22 municipal dog parks in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Samples were processed to isolate 3rd‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant E. coli, which were further characterized using PCR‐based virulence genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and whole‐genome sequencing. Of the 186 faecal samples, 29% yielded cephalosporin‐resistant E. coli, and 2.2% yielded extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase producers. Co‐resistance to sulfonamides was typical (77.3% of isolates), and multidrug resistance (i.e. to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), including to combinations of tetracyclines, phenicols, quinolones and aminoglycosides, was substantial (18.9% of isolates). Identified beta‐lactamase genes included blaCMY‐2, blaTEM‐1B, blaTEM‐1, blaCTX‐M‐24, blaCTX‐M‐15 and blaOXA‐1. Genome sequencing of 14 isolates identified genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli or enteropathogenic E. coli. In three instances, closely related isolates were recovered from different dogs, within either the same park—suggesting transfer of E. coli between dogs within the park—or different parks—suggesting that dogs may be pre‐disposed to carry certain E. coli types, such as those from serogroups O4, O71 and O157. This study adds to the existing evidence that companion dogs can harbour and share antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli with presumed intestinal or extraintestinal pathogenic potential.
Slosh Damping in Rectangular Liquid Tank With Additional Blockage Effects Under Pitch Excitation
Authors: Nimisha P. , Jayalekshmi B. R. , Venkataramana Katta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The quantification and damping of slosh responses are significant due to the increasing demand for safety of the liquid-based applications under severe external excitation. Recently, the solid or perforated baffle plates have been used to damp the slosh response of the liquid. However, there is uncertainty in the selection of an effective configuration of the baffle plates. In addition, most of the studies reported the slosh response under surge excitation. Therefore, this study focuses on the slosh response of the rectangular tank fitted with perforated baffle plates of different configurations under pitch excitation. For this, the liquid sloshing is simulated using the concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using pressure-based solver in the time domain. A detailed parametric study is carried out to develop an effective configuration of the perforated baffle plates considering the area of perforations, interperforation distance, size of perforations, distance between the perforated baffle plates, alignment of perforations, and the vertical position of perforated baffle plate as the parameters. The slosh responses are observed in terms of free surface elevation, hydrodynamic pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, velocity streamlines, power spectral density corresponding to the free surface elevation and the free surface deformation. The study developed a “zig-zag blocking alignment” of perforations for effective slosh damping, with the solid area between the perforations being 50%–60% of the area of perforations. In addition, “single-acting range” and “damping range” are identified to pilot the positioning of the multiple baffle plates in a rectangular tank under pitch excitation.
Lateral vocalization in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Howson Phil J. , Moisik Scott , Żygis Marzena 
Published: July 2022

Lateral vocalization is a cross-linguistically common phenomenon where a lateral is realized as a glide, such as [w, j], or a vowel [u, i]. In this paper, we focus on the articulatory triggers that could cause lateral vocalization. We examined Brazilian Portuguese, a language known for the process of lateral vocalization in coda position. We examined the lateral in onset and coda position in four vocalic environments and compared the dynamic tongue contours and contours at the point of maximum constriction in each environment. We also performed biomechanical simulations of lateral articulation and the vocalized lateral. The results indicate increased tongue body retraction in coda position, which is accompanied by tongue body raising. Simulations further revealed that vocalized laterals mainly recruit intrinsic lingual muscles along with the styloglossus. Taken together, the data suggest that vocalization is a result of positional phonetic effects including lenition and additional retraction in the coda position.
How does a social norms-based intervention affect behaviour change? Interim findings from a cluster randomised controlled trial in Odisha, India
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Pant Ichhya , Bingenheimer Jeffrey , Yilma Hagere , Patro Lipika , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Ganjoo Rohini , Rimal Rajiv 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundBehaviour change interventions targeting social norms are burgeoning, but researchers have little guidance on what they look like, and which components affect behaviour change. The Reduction in Anaemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) project designed an intervention to increase iron folic acid (IFA) consumption in Odisha, India.ObjectiveThis paper examines the effect of the intervention at midline to understand which components of the RANI intervention affect uptake.MethodsUsing a cluster randomised controlled design, we collected baseline data and midline data 6 months later from women of reproductive age in the control and treatment arms (n=3800) in Angul, Odisha, India. Using nested models, we analysed data from three different intervention components, monthly community-based testing for anaemia, participatory group education sessions, and videos, to determine the extent to which exposure to each of these components accounted for the overall intervention effect on haemoglobin and self-reported IFA use.ResultsOverall, residing in a treatment as opposed to control village had little effect on midline haemoglobin, but increased the odds of taking supplements by 17 times. Exposure to each of the intervention components had a dose–response relationship with self-reported IFA use. These components, separately and together, accounted for most of the overall effect of treatment assignment on IFA use.ConclusionsAll intervention components increased iron supplement use to differing degrees of magnitude. It appears that a social norms-based approach can result in improving IFA uptake, though improvements in haemoglobin counts were not yet discernible.
Impact of cancer types on COVID-19 infection and mortality risk: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Xiao Zhanshuo , Yang Jingyan , Li Liusheng , Hao Tengteng , Cui Ning , Wu Jiao , Wu Yu 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a huge social and economic burden, and the lifestyles of individuals have significantly changed. In addition, the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with cancer were greatly affected. Studies have shown that patients with cancer are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection-related complications, which require aggressive preventive measures. Different types of cancer may have different risks of COVID-19 infection and death, and different preventive care measures are needed for different types of patients with cancer. Here, we designed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of cancer types on COVID-19 infection and mortality risk.Methods and analysisA systematic search plan will be performed to filter the eligible studies in the seven databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane search strategy, EMBASE search strategy, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journals Database, and Wanfang database from 2019 to 10 August 2021. Two independent reviewers will choose the eligible studies and extract the data. The risk of bias will be evaluated based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Finally, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed using Review Manager (V.5.3) statistical software.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, and the findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021271108.
Association of cognitive reserve with stroke outcome: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Gallucci Laura , Umarova Roza M 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe concept of cognitive reserve (CR) was introduced to account for individual differences in the clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. Though several mechanisms and risk factors are shared between neurodegeneration and stroke, the effect of CR on poststroke functional outcome has been poorly addressed. This systematic review aims to synthesise the available research evidence on the association of CR with stroke outcome, in order to implement the understanding of interindividual variability in stroke outcome and to improve its prediction.Methods and analysisCochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and reference lists of relevant literature will be searched for publications on CR proxies (eg, education, years of education, occupational attainment, premorbid intelligence) and stroke outcome, published between 1 January 1980 and 10 March 2022. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by a third independent reviewer. The Quality In Prognosis Studies tool will be used to assess the quality of each included study. The primary outcome will be functional outcome after stroke assessed with modified Rankin Scale, activities of daily living (eg, Barthel Index), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, dichotomised as favourable versus not favourable as well as reported as continuous or ordinal variables. Qualitative and quantitative findings will be summarised and, if possible, data will be synthesised using appropriate meta-analytical methods. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required as it is a protocol for a systematic review and the data used will be extracted from published studies. The findings from this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at conferences. The data will be made freely available.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021256175.
Costs of community-wide mass drug administration and school-based deworming for soil-transmitted helminths: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Benin, India and Malawi
Authors: Morozoff Chloe , Avokpaho Euripide , Puthupalayam Kaliappan Saravanakumar , Simwanza James , Gideon Samuel Paul , Lungu Wongani , Houngbegnon Parfait , Galactionova Katya , Sahu Maitreyi , Kalua Khumbo , Luty Adrian J F , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Bailey Robin , Pullan Rachel , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao , Walson Judd , Means Arianna Rubin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines for the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) recommend deworming children and other high-risk groups, primarily using school-based deworming (SBD) programmes. However, targeting individuals of all ages through community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA) may interrupt STH transmission in some settings. We compared the costs of cMDA to SBD to inform decision-making about future updates to STH policy.DesignWe conducted activity-based microcosting of cMDA and SBD for 2 years in Benin, India and Malawi within an ongoing cMDA trial.SettingField sites and collaborating research institutions.Primary and secondary outcomesWe calculated total financial and opportunity costs and costs per treatment administered (unit costs in 2019 USD ($)) from the service provider perspective, including costs related to community drug distributors and other volunteers.ResultsOn average, cMDA unit costs were more expensive than SBD in India ($1.17 vs $0.72) and Malawi ($2.26 vs $1.69), and comparable in Benin ($2.45 vs $2.47). cMDA was more expensive than SBD in part because most costs (~60%) were ‘supportive costs’ needed to deliver treatment with high coverage, such as additional supervision and electronic data capture. A smaller fraction of cMDA costs (~30%) was routine expenditures (eg, drug distributor allowances). The remaining cMDA costs (~10%) were opportunity costs of staff and volunteer time. A larger percentage of SBD costs was opportunity costs for teachers and other government staff (between ~25% and 75%). Unit costs varied over time and were sensitive to the number of treatments administered.ConclusionscMDA was generally more expensive than SBD. Accounting for local staff time (volunteers, teachers, health workers) in community programmes is important and drives higher cost estimates than commonly recognised in the literature. Costs may be lower outside of a trial setting, given a reduction in supportive costs used to drive higher treatment coverage and economies of scale.Trial registration numberNCT03014167.
Mindfulness-based retreat for mothers of paediatric heart transplant recipients: protocol for a pilot intervention study
Authors: Robertson Taylor , Ahola Kohut Sara , Telfer Heather , Seifert-Hansen Mirna , Mitchell Joanna , Anthony Samantha J 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionMothers are often the primary caregivers for children requiring heart transplantation. Given that a mother’s ability to successfully cope with the demands of her caregiving role may be predictive of positive familial psychosocial outcomes, it is critical that maternal coping is assessed and supported in paediatric healthcare. Mindfulness-based programmes are proposed as one intervention that may enhance quality of life, improve distress tolerance and coping and reduce social isolation in caregiving populations. This pilot study aims to investigate: (1) the implementation success of a mindfulness-based retreat (MBR), and (2) the effectiveness of a MBR at improving quality of life, distress tolerance, coping and perceived social support for mothers of paediatric heart transplant recipients.Methods and analysisA convergent parallel, mixed-method design is proposed for this pilot, exploratory study. Twenty mothers will participate in this pilot MBR held at a resort in Ontario, Canada. Quantitative data will be obtained using five standardised instruments completed at three time points: (T1) 24-hours prior to the intervention, (T2) immediately on completion of the intervention, and (T3) three months post-intervention. Qualitative data will be collected from all participants both through semi-structured focus groups at T2 and individual telephone interviews at T3. Focus groups and individual interviews will be transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data will be merged and compared during interpretation to ensure that the intervention implementation and effectiveness of the MBR retreat are described with comprehensive accuracy. The primary outcomes will be feasibility in relation to implementation effectiveness and participants’ perception of social support for efficacy of the MBR intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study received Institutional Research Ethics Board approval from The Hospital for Sick Children (Number: 1000064719). Informed consent will be obtained prior to participant enrolment. Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.