bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of statistical downscaling methods for climate change projections over Spain: Present conditions with imperfect predictors (global climate model experiment)
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , García‐Valero Juan Andrés , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez‐Camino Ernesto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStatistical downscaling of climate projections is an active field of research and numerous intercomparison exercises of different techniques exist. Most evaluation studies make use of perfect predictors from a reanalysis, but neglect the analysis of how imperfect predictors from global climate models (GCMs) affect statistical downscaling. In this paper we evaluate and intercompare five statistical downscaling methods: (a) Analog, (b) Regression, (c) Artificial Neural Networks, (d) Support Vector Machines and (e) Kernel Ridge Regression, over a large ensemble of 18 GCMs participants in the CMIP5 project. These methods have been used to downscale maximum/minimum daily temperatures and daily accumulated precipitation on a high‐resolution observational grid (0.05°) over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands. Our analysis focuses on the marginal aspects (mean values and tails) of the distributions by season. Results when driven by reanalysis and by GCMs have been compared in order to analyse the sensitivity of statistical downscaling methods to the use of imperfect predictors. Both for temperature and for precipitation all methods achieve, as expected, better results when applied over reanalysis, although no method displays a clearly higher sensitivity to the use of imperfect predictors from GCMs. We have found the existence of outlier GCMs, showing significantly higher errors than the rest of the ensemble. And we have quantified errors over GCMs, so this experiment provides a more precise idea of the reliability and accuracy of the overall performance (i.e., simulations by GCMs plus statistical downscaling) than the perfect predictor experiment and reveals an important source of uncertainty coming from GCMs even in a historical period.
Moisture transport and water vapour budget over the Sahara Desert
Authors: Zhuo Li , Zhou Liming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies documented that near‐surface temperatures over the Sahara and Arabian deserts have been amplified in a warming climate, which is termed desert amplification (DA). DA has been linked possibly to the large‐scale greenhouse effects associated with increasing water vapour. With very limited moisture availability over the driest desert, two key questions unanswered are the desert moisture sources and the relative contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic processes to the changes in moisture transport. In this study, the atmospheric water vapour budget over the Sahara Desert from 1981–2020 is analysed to address these two questions. Results indicate that the water vapour content over the Sahara Desert has increased significantly since 1981, primarily during the boreal summer and in the lower to middle troposphere. The water vapour budget analysis indicates that in the boreal summer, most of the added moisture is transported into the Sahara Desert through the intensifying northerly inflow across the northern boundary of the desert, while the other boundaries are all export channels. The northerly inward moisture transport is associated with the ridge in the lower troposphere and the Saharan high above the lower troposphere. Further analysis indicates that both dynamic and thermodynamic factors contribute to the increase of the inward moisture flux at the northern boundary, while the associated interannual variability is dominated by the dynamic component related to the circulation pattern changes. The changes of the circulation pattern in the lower troposphere are manifested as the westward extension of the low over the Arabian Peninsula and as the strengthening of the Saharan high above the lower troposphere, both contributing to the increase of the northerly inward moisture transport.
Relationship between infected tooth extraction and improvement of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Yoshida Hisato , Sakashita Masafumi , Adachi Naoto , Matsuda Shinpei , Fujieda Shigeharu , Yoshimura Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveOdontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a well‐recognized disease in otolaryngology and oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is diagnosed comprehensively based on the presence of dental disease and radiographic evaluation. Although the disease involves a combination of dental and otorhinolaryngological features, appropriate criteria have not been well established for prioritizing dental procedures in the initial treatment of OMS. We investigated whether computed tomography (CT) score, including the Lund–Mackay score, can help prioritize tooth extraction as the initial treatment for OMS.MethodsWe also investigated the radiographic features of 32 patients with OMS treated by tooth extraction alone. Both pre‐and post‐extraction CT images of OMS cases were evaluated.ResultsLund–Mackay scores before tooth extraction were significantly lower in postoperatively healed patients than in non‐healed patients. Furthermore, CT scores of the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses and frontal sinuses, obtained before tooth extraction, were significantly lower in postoperatively healed patients than in non‐healed patients.ConclusionsCollectively, low Lund–Mackay and CT scores of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses are significantly associated with healing of OMS treated by tooth extraction alone. The sinus CT score can help identify a treatment strategy for OMS.
In vitro characterization of injectable chlorhexidine‐eluting gelatin hydrogels for local treatment of periodontal infections
Authors: Zussman Merav , Giladi Shir , Zilberman Meital 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfection of the periodontal pocket presents two major challenges for drug delivery: administration into the periodontal pocket and a high fluid clearance rate in the pocket. The current study aimed to develop and study a novel gelatin‐based hydrogel system crosslinked using a carbodiimide, for delivery of chlorhexidine (CHX) directly into the periodontal pocket via injection followed by in situ gelation. The study focused on the effects of the CHX concentration on its release profile and on the hydrogel's physical, mechanical, and biological properties. CHX is a common antiseptic agent and is considered as “gold standard” in dental practice. Its release profile demonstrated 39% burst release during the initial 2 h, followed by a release rate, which decreases with time for 6 days. A mathematical model based on the two‐stage desorption theory was perfectly fitted to the experimental release profiles (R2 > 0.99). Fibroblast viability results of at least 70% were achieved after 24 and 48 h, indicating that the system is biocompatible. The non‐loaded and CHX‐loaded hydrogels were found suitable for injectability and exhibited desired gelation times of 7.5–10.6 s, that is, compatible for filling a periodontal pocket. They exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as burst strength (sealing ability) of 233–357 mmHg, tensile modulus of 47–69 kPa, compressive modulus of 58–104 kPa, and tensile strain of 42–113%. In conclusion, the studied CHX eluting hydrogels are of high potential to be used in minor pockets as well as deep pockets and are expected to be suitable for successfully treating a wide range of periodontal infections.
Buprenorphine initiation strategies for opioid use disorder and pain management: A systematic review
Authors: Spreen Lauren A. , Dittmar Emma N. , Quirk Kyle C. , Smith Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBuprenorphine possesses many unique attributes that make it a practical agent for adults and adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) and/or acute or chronic pain. Sublingual buprenorphine has been the standard of care for treating OUD, but its use in pain management is not as clearly defined. Current practice guidelines recommend a period of mild‐to‐moderate withdrawal from opioids before transitioning to buprenorphine due to its ability to displace full agonists from the μ‐opioid receptor. However, this strategy can lead to negative physical and psychological outcomes for patients. Novel initiation strategies suggest that concomitant administration of small doses of buprenorphine with opioids can avoid the unwanted withdrawal associated with buprenorphine initiation. We aim to systematically review the buprenorphine initiation strategies that have emerged in the last decade. Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Databases were searched for relevant literature. Studies were included if they were published in the English language and described the transition to buprenorphine from opioids. Data were collected from each study and synthesized using descriptive statistics. This review included 7 observational studies, 1 feasibility study, and 39 case reports/series which included 924 patients. The strategies utilized between the literature included traditional initiation (47.9%), microdosing with various buprenorphine formulations (16%), and miscellaneous methods (36.1%). Traditional initiation and microdosing initiation were compared in the data synthesis and analysis; miscellaneous methods were omitted given the high variability between methods. Overall, 95.6% of patients in the traditional initiation group and 96% of patients in the microdosing group successfully rotated to sublingual buprenorphine. Initiation regimens can vary widely depending on patient‐specific factors and buprenorphine formulation. A variety of buprenorphine transition strategies are published in the literature, many of which were effective for patients with OUD, pain, or both.
The impact of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation on human and animal nutrition, growth, and milk production: A systematic review
Authors: Brar Sumeer , Haugh Carolyn , Robertson Nicole , Owuor Patrick Mbullo , Waterman Carrie , Fuchs George J. , Attia Suzanna Labib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildhood undernutrition contributes to up to 45% of deaths in children under age 5. Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaves are nutrient dense and promote breastmilk production. We performed a systematic review assessing the impact of moringa leaf supplementation in humans and animals on the outcomes of iron, vitamin A status, the measures of growth, and/or breastmilk production. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows; inclusion: quantitative primary data assessing the effect of moringa leaf supplementation on humans or animals including any of the outcomes defined earlier with no exclusion for geography, age, or language. Exclusion: full text not available. Our search yielded 148 unique studies; among them, 33 were included (seven human studies and 26 animal studies). Quality assessment by Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines was strong for one study and moderate for all other studies. In humans, moringa at higher (14–30 g/day) not lower (<10 g/day) doses improved hemoglobin (Hgb) in children with iron deficiency anemia, improved Hgb and vitamin A status in postmenopausal women, and increased BMI in HIV+ underweight adults. Moringa (0.5 g/day) also increased breastmilk volumes. In animals, moringa increased milk production in two of three studies, inconsistently affected growth, and had no effect on iron status. Evidence on moringa supplementation's utility is limited but promising. Larger, more rigorous trials are needed to characterize its impact.
Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of flavonoids inpost‐COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Bardelčíková Annamária , Miroššay Andrej , Šoltýs Jindřich , Mojžiš Ján 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe high incidence of post‐covid symptoms in humans confirms the need for effective treatment. Due to long‐term complications across several disciplines, special treatment programs emerge for affected patients, emphasizing multidisciplinary care. For these reasons, we decided to look at current knowledge about possible long‐term complications of COVID‐19 disease and then present the effect of flavonoids, which could help alleviate or eliminate complications in humans after overcoming the COVID‐19 infection. Based on articles published from 2003 to 2021, we summarize the flavonoids‐based molecular mechanisms associated with thepost‐COVID‐19 syndrome and simultaneously provide a complex view regarding their prophylactic and therapeutic potential. Review clearly sorts out the outcome ofpost‐COVID‐19 syndrome according particular body systems. The conclusion is that flavonoids play an important role in prevention of many diseases. We suggest that flavonoids as critical nutritional supplements, are suitable for the alleviation and shortening of the period associated with thepost‐COVID‐19 syndrome. The most promising flavonoid with noteworthy therapeutic and prophylactic effect appears to be quercetin.
Correlation decay and the absence of zeros property of partition functions
Authors: Gamarnik David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbsence of (complex) zeros property is at the heart of the interpolation method developed by Barvinok for designing deterministic approximation algorithms for various graph counting and related problems. An earlier method used for the same problem is one based on the correlation decay property. Remarkably, the classes of graphs for which the two methods apply often coincide or nearly coincide. In this article we show that this is not a coincidence. We establish that if the interpolation method is valid for a family of graphs, then this family exhibits a form of the correlation decay property which is asymptotic strong spatial mixing at superlogarithmic distances. Our proof is based on a certain graph polynomial representation of the associated partition function. This representation is at the heart of the design of the polynomial time algorithms underlying the interpolation method itself. We conjecture that our result holds for all, and not just amenable graphs. Indeed this conjecture was recently confirmed by Regts. See the body of the article for details.
An overview of palm oil biomass for power generation sector decarbonization in Malaysia: Progress, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Zamri Mohd F. M. A. , Milano Jassinnee , Shamsuddin Abd H. , Roslan Mohd E. M. , Salleh Siti F. , Rahman Adlansyah A. , Bahru Raihana , Fattah Islam M. R. , Mahlia T. M. Indra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing danger of climate change, power plants are shifting from polluting fossil fuels to sustainable bioenergy fuels. As Malaysia continues to pledge to decrease glasshouse gas (GHG) emissions, quick and dramatic action should resolve the reliance on fossil fuel power plants. Furthermore, the coal‐fired power station is Malaysia's biggest supplier of energy and the final power plant to be decommissioned. In Malaysia, a significant portion of palm oil biomass has the potential to replace coal in the generation of renewable energy power. However, the deployment of palm oil biomass as a renewable energy source has not been fully achieved. Furthermore, the surplus of unutilized biomass from the palm oil milling process has emerged as the key talking point leading to environmental concerns. As estimated, this palm oil biomass can generate approximately 5000 MW of electricity under 40% of operation efficiency. This significant power potential has the ability to replace Malaysia's yearly reliance on coal. Nonetheless, the limitations of technological stability, budgetary constraints, and other government policy concerns have prevented the potentials from being fulfilled. This necessitates an integrated framework that synergizes the decarbonization drive in order to realize the primary advantages of energy renewability and carbon neutrality. Among the suggested actions to decarbonize the power generating sector is an integrated scheme of palm oil production, biogas plant for electricity and steam generation, and biofuel pellet manufacture. This review provides an in‐depth overview of palm oil biomass for Malaysian power production decarbonization.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
Sustainable Development > Emerging Economies
Lorentzian 2D CFT from the pAQFT Perspective
Authors: Crawford Sam , Rejzner Kasia , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe provide a detailed construction of the quantum theory of the massless scalar field on two-dimensional, globally hyperbolic (in particular, Lorentzian) manifolds using the framework of perturbative algebraic quantum field theory. From this we obtain subalgebras of observables isomorphic to the Heisenberg and Virasoro algebras on the Einstein cylinder. We also show how the conformal version of general covariance, as first introduced by Pinamonti as an extension of the construction due to Brunetti, Fredenhagen and Verch, may be applied to natural Lagrangians, which allow one to specify a theory consistently across multiple spacetimes, in order to obtain a simple condition for the conformal covariance of classical dynamics, which is then shown to quantise in the case of a quadratic Lagrangian. We then compare the covariance condition for the stress-energy tensor in the classical and quantum theory in order to obtain a transformation law involving the Schwarzian derivative of the new coordinate, in accordance with a well-known result in the Euclidean literature.
Conspicuity and muscle-invasiveness assessment for bladder cancer using VI-RADS: a multi-reader, contrast-free MRI study to determine optimal b-values for diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Delli Pizzi Andrea , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Taraschi Alessio , Civitareale Nicoletta , Mincuzzi Erica , Censi Stefano , Marchioni Michele , Primiceri Giulia , Castellan Pietro , Castellucci Roberto , Cocco Giulio , Chiacchiaretta Piero , Colasante Antonella , Corvino Antonio , Schips Luigi , Caulo Massimo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To (1) compare bladder cancer (BC) muscle invasiveness among three b-values using a contrast-free approach based on Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), to (2) determine if muscle-invasiveness assessment is affected by the reader experience, and to (3) compare BC conspicuity among three b-values, qualitatively and quantitatively.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients who underwent a bladder MRI on a 3.0-T scanner were enrolled. The gold standard was histopathology report following transurethral resection of BC. Three sets of images, including T2w and different b-values for DWI, set 1 (b = 1000 s/mm2), set 2 (b = 1500 s/mm2), and set 3 (b = 2000 s/mm2), were reviewed by three differently experienced readers. Descriptive statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Comparisons among readers and DWI sets were performed with the Wilcoxon test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Areas under the curves (AUCs) and pairwise comparison were calculated.

Results
AUCs of muscle-invasiveness assessment ranged from 0.896 to 0.984 (reader 1), 0.952–0.968 (reader 2), and 0.952–0.984 (reader 3) without significant differences among different sets and readers (p > 0.05). The mean conspicuity qualitative scores were higher in Set 1 (2.21–2.33), followed by Set 2 (2–2.16) and Set 3 (1.82–2.14). The quantitative conspicuity assessment showed that mean normalized intensity of tumor was significantly higher in Set 2 (4.217–4.737) than in Set 1 (3.923–4.492) and Set 3 (3.833–3.992) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Muscle invasiveness can be assessed with high accuracy using a contrast-free protocol with T2W and DWI, regardless of reader’s experience. b = 1500 s/mm2 showed the best tumor delineation, while b = 1000 s/mm2 allowed for better tumor–wall interface assessment.
Periprosthetic joint infection in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: treatment options and outcomes. What is the current evidence in literature?
Authors: Zanirato Andrea , Cavagnaro Luca , Chiarlone Francesco , Quarto Emanuele , Formica Matteo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) following unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) will increase. The aim of this review is to evaluate current evidence regarding treatment options, complications, clinical and radiological outcomes of PJI management in UKAs.

Methods
A systematic review of English literature was performed. Retrospective and prospective studies providing treatment options, complications, clinical and radiological outcomes of PJI following UKAs were included. PJI type, treatment, survival rate with no reoperation for infection and survival rate with no reoperation for any cause were evaluated.

Results
Eleven articles were included. Three studies focusing on PJI following UKA (45 cases) report a survival rate with no reoperation for infection of 68.9% and a survival rate with no reoperation for any cause of 48.9%. Eight articles concerning UKA failure modes (28 cases) overestimate survival rate with no reoperation for infection (88.9%) and survival rate with no reoperation for any cause (88.9%) (p < 0.05). DAIR reports a rate of infection eradication failure ranging from 43.8 to 100%. 1SE allows for a survival rate with no reoperation for infection of 100%. 2SE reports a rate of infection eradication failure ranging from 0 to 12.5%. A high rate of early aseptic reoperation is reported, despite infection eradication (20% in DAIR; 28.5% in 2SE).

Conclusions
Treatment strategy is determined by symptom timing, PJI type (acute vs chronic), causative organism, patient’s comorbidities. A longer duration of PJI or severe host and extremity status seems to require 2SE or 1SE. Patients who have a shorter duration of PJI could receive DAIR.
A New Face Iterator for Polyhedra and for More General Finite Locally Branched Lattices
Authors: Kliem Jonathan , Stump Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe discuss a new memory-efficient depth-first algorithm and its implementation that iterates over all elements of a finite locally branched lattice. This algorithm can be applied to face lattices of polyhedra and to various generalizations such as finite polyhedral complexes and subdivisions of manifolds, extended tight spans and closed sets of matroids. Its practical implementation is very fast compared to state-of-the-art implementations of previously considered algorithms. Based on recent work of Bruns, García-Sánchez, O’Neill, and Wilburne, we apply this algorithm to prove Wilf’s conjecture for all numerical semigroups of multiplicity 19 by iterating through the faces of the Kunz cone and identifying the possible bad faces and then checking that these do not yield counterexamples to Wilf’s conjecture.