bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal automorphic superpositions of crowns
Authors: Schröder Bernd S. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfter an overview of uses and explorations of minimal automorphic ordered sets, we present a criterion when certain superpositions of crowns are minimal automorphic. A key lemma to exclude certain retracts can also be applied to ordered sets recently presented in Schröder (Order, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11083-021-09574-3, 2021).
Triaxial compression behavior of large-scale jointed coal: a numerical study
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Gao Fuqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate estimation of the triaxial compression behavior of jointed coal is essential for coal mining. Few studies addressed the triaxial compression behavior of large-scale rock mass, especially with real joint geometry. We employed a numerical synthetic rock mass (SRM) method to study the triaxial compression behavior of jointed coal. Jointed-coal specimens were constructed based on in-situ joint measurements and microparameter calibration against laboratory experiments. A series of triaxial compression tests under different loading orientations and confining pressures were numerically performed to obtain joint and confining-pressure effects on the triaxial compression behavior and reveal the failure mechanism of jointed coal. Results suggest that the triaxial compression behavior of the jointed coal has strong joint and confining-pressure effects. Joints weaken the strength and elastic modulus, reduce the lateral deformation, and affect the geometries of the shear-rupture surface. An increase in the confining pressure causes the peak and residual strength increase significantly. With an increase in the confining pressure, the elastic modulus increases sharply at low confining pressure, the mechanical behavior transitions from brittleness to ductility, the failure mode transitions from shear-rupture surface to plastic flow, and the joint effect diminishes and even disappears. The jointed coal fails by means of a shear-rupture surface under triaxial compression loading with a confining pressure (which is not too high), and the geometries of the shear-rupture surface vary with the distribution of joints.
Hydro-mechanical response of Opalinus Clay in the CO2 long-term periodic injection experiment (CO2LPIE) at the Mont Terri rock laboratory
Authors: Sciandra Dario , Kivi Iman Rahimzadeh , Vilarrasa Víctor , Makhnenko Roman Y. , Rebscher Dorothee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Guaranteeing the sealing capacity of caprocks becomes paramount as CO2 storage scales up to the gigaton scale. A significant number of laboratory experiments have been performed with samples of intact rock, showing that low-permeability and high-entry pressure caprocks have excellent sealing capacities to contain CO2 deep underground. However, discontinuities, such as bedding planes, fractures and faults, affect the rock properties at the field scale, being at the same time challenging to monitor in industrial-scale applications. To bridge these two spatial scales, Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) provide a perfect setting to investigate the field-scale sealing capacity of caprocks under a well-monitored environment. In particular, the CO2 Long-term Periodic Injection Experiment (CO2LPIE) at the Mont Terri rock laboratory, Switzerland, aims at quantifying the advance of CO2 in Opalinus Clay, an anisotropic clay-rich rock with bedding planes dipping 45° at the experiment location. To assist in the design of CO2LPIE and have an initial estimate of the system response, we perform plane-strain coupled Hydro-Mechanical simulations using a linear transversely isotropic poroelastic model of periodic CO2 injection for 20 years. Simulation results show that pore pressure changes and the resulting stress variations are controlled by the anisotropic behavior of the material, producing a preferential advance along the bedding planes. CO2 cannot penetrate into Opalinus Clay due to the strong capillary effects in the nanoscale pores, but advances dissolved into the resident brine. We find that the pore pressure oscillations imposed at the injection well are attenuated within tens of cm, requiring a close location of the monitoring boreholes with respect to the injection interval to observe the periodic signal.

Article highlights

Underground rock laboratory experiments permit examining the caprock sealing capacity at a representative scale for CO2 storage;

We perform coupled transverse isotropic hydro-mechanical simulations to gain insight on the response of shaly rock to CO2 periodic injection;

Simulation results assist in the design of the injection amplitude and period and monitoring of the long-term periodic CO2 injection experiment.
A Survey on Object Instance Segmentation
Authors: Sharma Rabi , Saqib Muhammad , Lin C. T. , Blumenstein Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, instance segmentation has become a key research area in computer vision. This technology has been applied in varied applications such as robotics, healthcare and intelligent driving. Instance segmentation technology not only detects the location of the object but also marks edges for each single instance, which can solve both object detection and semantic segmentation concurrently. Our survey will give a detail introduction to the instance segmentation technology based on deep learning, reinforcement learning and transformers. Further, we will discuss about its development in this field along with the most common datasets used. We will also focus on different challenges and future development scope for instance segmentation. This technology will provide a strong reference for future researchers in our survey paper.
Identifying key challenges and needs in digital mental health moderation practices supporting users exhibiting risk behaviours to develop responsible AI tools: the case study of Kooth
Authors: Nichele Elena , Lavorgna Anita , Middleton Stuart E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDigital platforms for mental health and wellbeing purposes have become increasingly common to help users exhibiting risk behaviours (e.g. self-harming, eating-related disorders) across all ages, opening new frontiers in supporting vulnerable users. This study stems from a larger project, which explores how responsible AI solutions can up-scale existing manual moderation approaches and better target interventions for young people who ask for help or engage in risk behaviours online. This research aims to better understand the challenges and needs of moderators and digital counsellors, i.e. the ‘behind the scenes’. Through this case study, the authors intend to contribute to the development of responsible AI tools that are fit for purpose and better understand the challenges. The key focus lies on Kooth.com, the UK’s leading free online confidential service offering counselling and emotional wellbeing support to young people in the UK through its online web-based and pseudo-anonymous digital platform.
Forecasting volatility in Asian financial markets: evidence from recursive and rolling window methods
Authors: Sahiner Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present paper examines the relative out-of-sample predictive ability of GARCH, GARCH-M, EGARCH, TGARCH and PGARCH models for ten Asian markets by using three different time frames and two different methods, considering the features of volatility clustering, leverage effect and volatility persistence phenomena, for which the evidence of existence is found in the data. Five measures of comparison are employed in this research, and a further dimension is investigated based on the classification of the selected models, in order to identify the existence or lack of any differences between the recursive and rolling window methods. The empirical results reveal that asymmetric models, led by the EGARCH model, provide better forecasts compared to symmetric models in higher time frames. However, when it comes to lower time frames, symmetric GARCH models tend to outperform their asymmetric counterparts. Furthermore, linear GARCH models are penalized more by the rolling window method, while recursive method places them amongst the best performers, highlighting the importance of choosing a proper approach. In addition, this study reveals an important controversy: that one error statistic may suggest a particular model is the best, while another suggests the same model to be the worst, indicating that the performance of the model heavily depends on which loss function is used. Finally, it is proved that GARCH-type models can appropriately adapt to the volatility of Asian stock indices and provide a satisfactory degree of forecast accuracy in all selected time frames. These results are also supported by the Diebold-Mariano (DM) pairwise comparison test.
‘My eyes are my ears’: Deaf people appropriating AIDS education messages in Uganda
Authors: Murangira Ambrose 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Ugandan effort to provide AIDS education for the entire population raised questions about how to reach people with disabilities. Based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation with Deaf people in Kampala, this study examined how communication technologies are used in general by Deaf people, and what is specific to communicating about HIV and AIDS. It found that communication technologies, whose purpose is to mediate information, are themselves mediated by social relations. Two contrasts are apparent: between types of technology and types of relationships. The ‘old’ technologies – broadcast and print – often depend on mediation by hearing people, who create the messages and explain audio information to Deaf associates. The ‘new’ digital technologies in the form of smartphones allow Deaf people to communicate directly with one another and facilitate new forms of Deaf sociality, both online and in person. They convey information about AIDS prevention directly, obviating the need to discuss sex with family members of the parental generation, which is culturally sensitive. Smartphones are highly appreciated by Deaf people but the costs of obtaining and using them exclude many.
First population estimates of two Critically Endangered frogs from an isolated forest plateau in Madagascar
Authors: Barata Izabela M. , Razafindraibe Jary H. , Ravelojaona Rojo Nadrianina , Ralovarisoa Etienne , Mullin Katherine E. , Hudson Michael A. , Dawson Jeff 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the largely deforested areas of Madagascar, small forest fragments remain as last refuges for amphibian diversity. Isolated populations of the Critically EndangeredAnodonthyla vallaniandAnilany helenaepersist in the fragmented forest of Ambohitantely but little information is available to inform their management and any conservation interventions. We generated estimates of population size and occupancy for both species in the largest fragment of Ambohitantely Special Reserve using acoustic survey data collected from 84 sites along 12 transects in December 2018. We used a single-season occupancy model to estimate detection and occupancy and a Royal–Nichols model to estimate abundance and population size.Anilany helenaeandA. vallanihad high occupancy rates (80 and 93%, respectively) whereas their detection rates differed (34 and 55%, respectively). Abundance and occupancy were best explained by vegetation structure whereas detection was influenced by time of survey and rainfall. For our sampled sites the estimated population sizes of males were 855 forA. vallani, with an estimated density of 52 individuals/ha, and 388 forA. helenae, with an estimated population density of 23 individuals/ha. Given their relatively low densities, small population sizes and restricted ranges, any further habitat loss could have drastic consequences for these populations. Our results provide guidance for future species-focused studies, and can inform conservation management at the local scale. Our work will help to improve species monitoring in Madagascar and elsewhere, especially for range-restricted non-charismatic amphibians.
Gender differences in psychosocial function and self-reported health status in late-diagnosed autistic adults: results from the FACE-ASD national cohort
Authors: Dubreucq Julien , Coutelle Romain , Lajnef Mohamed , Godin Ophélia , Amestoy Anouck , Atzori Paola , Baleyte Jean-Marc , Bonnot Olivier , Bouvard Manuel , Coulon Nathalie , Da Fonseca David , Demily Caroline , Delorme Richard , Fabrowski Marine , Givaudan Marion , Gollier-Briant Fanny , Guenolé Fabian , Humeau Elise , Leignier Sylvain , Lejuste Florian , Levy Charlotte , Rabot Juliette , Schröder Carmen M. , Valette Marie ,   the FACE-ASD (FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for Autism Spectrum Disorder) Groups, Leboyer Marion , Speranza Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile adult outcome in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally measured using socially valued roles, it could also be understood in terms of aspects related to health status – an approach that could inform on potential gender differences.MethodsWe investigated gender differences in two aspects of outcome related to health-status, i.e. general functioning and self-perceived health status, and co-occurring health conditions in a large multi-center sample of autistic adults. Three hundred and eighty-three participants were consecutively recruited from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for ASD cohort (a French network of seven expert centers) between 2013 and 2020. Evaluation included a medical interview, standardized scales for autism diagnosis, clinical and functional outcomes, self-perceived health status and verbal ability. Psychosocial function was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale.ResultsWhile autistic women in this study were more likely than men to have socially valued roles, female gender was associated with poorer physical and mental health (e.g. a 7-fold risk for having three or more co-occurring physical health conditions) and a poorer self-perceived health status. Psychosocial function was negatively associated with depression and impairment in social communication. Half of the sample had multiple co-occurring health conditions but more than 70% reported that their visit at the Expert Center was their first contact with mental health services.ConclusionsTo improve objective and subjective aspects of health outcome, gender differences and a wide range of co-occurring health conditions should be taken into account when designing healthcare provision for autistic adults.
Internet use and psychological wellbeing among older adults in England: a difference-in-differences analysis over the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kung Claryn S. J. , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal evidence on how Internet use affects the psychological wellbeing of older adults has been mixed. As policymakers invest in efforts to reduce the digital divide, it is important to have robust evidence on whether encouraging Internet use among older adults is beneficial, or potentially detrimental, to their wellbeing.MethodsWe observe depressive symptoms and loneliness of adults aged 50 + in the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, from before (2018/19) to during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (June/July and November/December 2020). Our quasi-experimental difference-in-differences strategy compares within-individual wellbeing changes between older adults who desired to use the Internet more but experienced barriers including lack of skills, access, and equipment, with regular Internet users who did not desire to use the Internet more. To reduce selection bias, we match both groups on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that are predictive of Internet use. We assume that in the absence of COVID-19 – a period of increased reliance on the Internet – the wellbeing trajectories of both groups would have followed a common trend.ResultsCompared with matched controls (N= 2983), participants reporting barriers to Internet use (N= 802) experienced a greater increase in the likelihood of depressive symptoms from before to during the pandemic, but not worse loneliness levels. This effect was stronger for women, those aged above 65 years, and those from lower-income households.ConclusionsBesides enabling access to digital services, efforts to ensure older adults continue to be engaged members of an increasingly digital society could deliver returns in terms of a buffer against psychological distress.
WHO ARE WE TEACHING AND WHY ARE WE TEACHING THEM? THOUGHTS ON MUSICAL DIVERSITY IN UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION TEACHING
Authors: Godfrey John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMusical composition has traditionally been taught with the assumption that students share musical backgrounds and have similar aims. In today's highly diverse musical world, however, composition students are exposed to a multiplicity of musical languages. They develop their personal creative styles from an internal conceptual ‘melting pot’ and must also develop compositional methodologies for a potentially large array of disparate usages. This article argues that the teaching of composition should recognise both the rich global diversity of musics and the plethora of uses to which compositional techniques might be applied, and that such teaching might most productively be focused on imparting a broad selection of technical concepts from many musics, coupled with an interrogation of the underlying purposes of techniques taught. All musics must be treated as equally worthy of study and students’ embodied experiences respected. Curricula need to be designed with such a catholic view in mind, encouraging students to embrace the growing profusion of genres, techniques and resources available and develop a flexible, broadly informed and resourceful outlook.
Against free energy, for direct perception
Authors: Stoffregen Thomas A. , Heath Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We question the free energy principle (FEP) as it is used in contemporary physics. If the FEP is incorrect in physics, then it cannot ground the authors' arguments. We also question the assumption that perception requires inference. We argue that perception (including perception of social affordances) can be direct, in which case inference is not required.
The emperor has no blanket!
Authors: Raja Vicente , Baggs Edward , Chemero Anthony , Anderson Michael L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While we applaud Bruineberg et al.'s analysis of the differences between Markov blankets and Friston blankets, we think it is not carried out to its ultimate consequences. There are reasons to think that, once Friston blankets are accepted as a theoretical construct, they do not do the work proponents of free energy principle (FEP) attribute to them. The emperor is indeed naked.
Does the metaphysical dog wag its formal tail? The free-energy principle and philosophical debates about life, mind, and matter
Authors: Wiese Wanja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to Bruineberg and colleagues, philosophical arguments on life, mind, and matter that are based on the free-energy principle (FEP) (1) essentially draw on the Markov blanket construct and (2) tend to assume that strong metaphysical claims can be justified on the basis of metaphysically innocuous formal assumptions provided by FEP. I argue against both (1) and (2).
A continuity of Markov blanket interpretations under the free-energy principle
Authors: Seth Anil , Korbak Tomasz , Tschantz Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bruineberg and colleagues helpfully distinguish between instrumental and ontological interpretations of Markov blankets, exposing the dangers of using the former to make claims about the latter. However, proposing a sharp distinction neglects the value of recognising a continuum spanning from instrumental to ontological. This value extends to the related distinction between “being” and “having” a model.
RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS, AGENCY PROBLEMS, AND MONETARY OUTCOMES IN TWO COLONIAL AMERICAN MINTS, 1600-1700
Authors: Knodell Jane E. , Vizcarra Catalina M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role that resource endowments played in the performance of two New World coinages. Massachusetts Bay and the Viceroyalty of Peru provide a useful study in contrasts, having markedly different institutions and resource endowments. Both colonies originally emphasised the provision of «good» money, that is, the provision of a uniform coin (in weight and fineness) and of a sensible mix of large and small denomination coins that would support the domestic economy. Their outcomes, however, differed. We suggest that in Potosi, the sheer volume of the resource endowment (silver) incentivised fraud and the neglect of the provision of fractionary coinage in the viceroyalty. In contrast, in Massachusetts Bay, the scarcity of the resource produced incentives better aligned with the production of «good» money. The northern colony produced a trustworthy coinage that provided small denomination coins for the domestic market.
String diagram rewrite theory II: Rewriting with symmetric monoidal structure
Authors: Bonchi Filippo , Gadducci Fabio , Kissinger Aleks , Sobocinski Pawel , Zanasi Fabio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSymmetric monoidal theories (SMTs) generalise algebraic theories in a way that make them suitable to express resource-sensitive systems, in which variables cannot be copied or discarded at will. In SMTs, traditional tree-like terms are replaced by string diagrams, topological entities that can be intuitively thought of as diagrams of wires and boxes. Recently, string diagrams have become increasingly popular as a graphical syntax to reason about computational models across diverse fields, including programming language semantics, circuit theory, quantum mechanics, linguistics, and control theory. In applications, it is often convenient to implement the equations appearing in SMTs as rewriting rules. This poses the challenge of extending the traditional theory of term rewriting, which has been developed for algebraic theories, to string diagrams. In this paper, we develop a mathematical theory of string diagram rewriting for SMTs. Our approach exploits the correspondence between string diagram rewriting and double pushout (DPO) rewriting of certain graphs, introduced in the first paper of this series. Such a correspondence is only sound when the SMT includes a Frobenius algebra structure. In the present work, we show how an analogous correspondence may be established for arbitrary SMTs, once an appropriate notion of DPO rewriting (which we call convex) is identified. As proof of concept, we use our approach to show termination of two SMTs of interest: Frobenius semi-algebras and bialgebras.