bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Between Machine Learning and Functional Geostatistics Approaches for Data-Driven Analyses of Sediment Transport in a Pre-Alpine Stream
Authors: Didkovskyi Oleksandr , Ivanov Vladislav , Radice Alessio , Papini Monica , Longoni Laura , Menafoglio Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problem of providing data-driven models for sediment transport in a pre-Alpine stream in Italy is addressed. This study is based on a large set of measurements collected from real pebbles, traced along the stream through radio-frequency identification tags after precipitation events. Two classes of data-driven models based on machine learning and functional geostatistics approaches are proposed and evaluated to predict the probability of movement of single pebbles within the stream. The first class built upon gradient-boosting decision trees allows one to estimate the probability of movement of a pebble based on the pebbles’ geometrical features, river flow rate, location, and subdomain types. The second class is built upon functional kriging, a recent geostatistical technique that allows one to predict a functional profile—that is, the movement probability of a pebble, as a function of the pebbles’ geometrical features or the stream’s flow rate—at unsampled locations in the study area. Although grounded in different perspectives, both models aim to account for two main sources of uncertainty, namely, (1) the complexity of a river’s morphological structure and (2) the highly nonlinear dependence between probability of movement, pebble size and shape, and the stream’s flow rate. The performance of the two methods is extensively compared in terms of classification accuracy. The analyses show that despite the different perspectives, the overall performance is adequate and consistent, which suggests that both approaches can provide modeling frameworks for sediment transport. These data-driven approaches are also compared with physics-based ones that are classically used in the hydrological literature. Finally, the use of the developed models in a bottom-up strategy, which starts with the prediction/classification of a single pebble and then integrates the results into a forecast of the grain-size distribution of mobilized sediments, is discussed.
Hydrodynamic Green functions: paradoxes in unsteady Stokes conditions and infinite propagation velocity in incompressible viscous models
Authors: Giona Massimiliano , Procopio Giuseppe , Mauri Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a simple representation of the hydrodynamic Green functions grounded on the free propagation of a vector field without any constraints (such as incompressibility) coupled with a gradient gauge in order to enforce these constraints. This approach involves the solution of two scalar problems: a couple of Poisson equations in the case of the Stokes regime, and a system of diffusion/Poisson equations for unsteady Stokes flows. The explicit and closed-form expression of the Green function for unsteady Stokes flow is developed. The relevance of this approach resides in its conceptual simplicity and it enables us to focus on the intrinsic singularities (Stokesian paradoxes) associated with the propagation of the stresses in incompressible flows under unsteady Stokes conditions, determining the occurrence of power-law tails in the velocity profile arbitrarily far away from the location of the impulsive force.
Energy dissipation in horizontally driven particle dampers of low acceleration intensities
Authors: Meyer Niklas , Seifried Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe energy dissipation in sinusoidally driven particle dampers is highly dependent on the motion mode of the particle bed. Especially, for applications of low acceleration intensity, i.e., acceleration amplitude below gravitational acceleration, only small energy dissipation rates are obtained so far, due to sticking of particles. Here, a new and more efficient design of particle dampers is introduced for such applications, whereby the focus is on horizontal vibrations. The proposed design makes use of the rolling property of spheres inside particle containers with flat bases. First, a cuboid container shape is studied. Two different motion modes are observed experimentally within this container shape. For low driving amplitudes, the particle bed is showing a scattered behavior resulting in a low damping efficiency. For high driving amplitudes instead, the rolling collect-and-collide state is observed resulting in much higher efficiency. Analytical descriptions for the energy dissipation are derived for both motion modes, being in good agreement with experimental measurements. It is obtained that the optimal working point of such dampers, i.e., the optimal stroke, is only depending on the filling ratio of the damper. Additionally, the optimal working point separates both motion modes. For lower strokes as the optimal one, the scattered state is observed, while for higher strokes the rolling collect-and-collide mode is seen. Sensitivity analyses are performed using the experimental setup and discrete element simulations. It is obtained that especially a low friction coefficient and a high particle radius are beneficial. On the other hand, a small tilt around the container’s longitudinal or pitch axis might significantly decrease the efficiency of the damper. Besides the cuboid container, the effect of a cylindrical container heading against gravity is analyzed. While the particle bed motion modes are only little influenced, the efficiency of the damper becomes independent of the excitation direction in the horizontal plane. Thus, such dampers could be applied to a large field of applications in mechanical and civil engineering.
Eucalyptus grandis AUX/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 13 (EgrIAA13) is a novel transcriptional regulator of xylogenesis
Authors: Karannagoda Nadeeshani , Spokevicius Antanas , Hussey Steven , Cassan-Wang Hua , Grima-Pettenati Jacqueline , Bossinger Gerd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Key message
Our Induced Somatic Sector Analysis and protein–protein interaction experiments demonstrate that Eucalyptus grandis IAA13 regulates xylem fibre and vessel development, potentially via EgrIAA13 modules involving ARF2, ARF5, ARF6 and ARF19.

Abstract
Auxin is a crucial phytohormone regulating multiple aspects of plant growth and differentiation, including regulation of vascular cambium activity, xylogenesis and its responsiveness towards gravitropic stress. Although the regulation of these biological processes greatly depends on auxin and regulators of the auxin signalling pathway, many of their specific functions remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to functionally characterise Eucalyptus grandis AUX/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 13 (EgrIAA13), a member of the auxin signalling pathway. In Eucalyptus and Populus, EgrIAA13 and its orthologs are preferentially expressed in the xylogenic tissues and downregulated in tension wood. Therefore, to further investigate EgrIAA13 and its function during xylogenesis, we conducted subcellular localisation and Induced Somatic Sector Analysis experiments using overexpression and RNAi knockdown constructs of EgrIAA13 to create transgenic tissue sectors on growing stems of Eucalyptus and Populus. Since Aux/IAAs interact with Auxin Responsive Factors (ARFs), in silico predictions of IAA13-ARF interactions were explored and experimentally validated via yeast-2-hybrid experiments. Our results demonstrate that EgrIAA13 localises to the nucleus and that downregulation of EgrIAA13 impedes Eucalyptus xylem fibre and vessel development. We also observed that EgrIAA13 interacts with Eucalyptus ARF2, ARF5, ARF6 and ARF19A. Based on these results, we conclude that EgrIAA13 is a regulator of Eucalyptus xylogenesis and postulate that the observed phenotypes are likely to result from alterations in the auxin-responsive transcriptome via IAA13-ARF modules such as EgrIAA13-EgrARF5. Our results provide the first insights into the regulatory role of EgrIAA13 during xylogenesis.
Implementation of three efficient 4-digit fault-tolerant quantum carry lookahead adders
Authors: Orts Francisco , Ortega Gloria , Filatovas Ernestas , M. Garzón Ester 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdders are one of the most interesting circuits in quantum computing due to their use in major algorithms that benefit from the special characteristics of this type of computation. Among these algorithms, Shor’s algorithm stands out, which allows decomposing numbers in a time exponentially lower than the time needed to do it with classical computation. In this work, we propose three fault-tolerant carry lookahead adders that improve the cost in terms of quantum gates and qubits with respect to the rest of quantum circuits available in the literature. Their optimal implementation in a real quantum computer is also presented. Finally, the work ends with a rigorous comparison where the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed circuits against the rest of the circuits of the state of the art are exposed. Moreover, the information obtained from such a comparison is summarized in tables that allow a quick consultation to interested researchers.
How preparation-for-learning with a worked versus an open inventing problem affect subsequent learning processes in pre-service teachers
Authors: Glogger-Frey Inga , Treier Anne-Katrin , Renkl Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA worked-out or an open inventing problem with contrasting cases can prepare learners for learning from subsequent instruction differently regarding motivation and cognition. In addition, such activities potentially initiate different learning processes during the subsequent (“future”) learning phase. In this experiment (N = 45 pre-service teachers), we aimed to replicate effects of earlier studies on learning outcomes and, on this basis, to analyze respective learning processes during the future-learning phase via think-aloud protocols. The inventing group invented criteria to assess learning strategies in learning journals while the worked-example group studied the same problem in a solved version. Afterwards, the pre-service teachers thought aloud during learning in a computer-based learning environment. We did not find substantial motivational differences (interest, self-efficacy), but the worked-example group clearly outperformed their counterparts in transfer (BF+0 > 313). We found moderate evidence for the hypothesis that their learning processes during the subsequent learning phase was deepened: the example group showed more elaborative processes, more spontaneous application of the canonical, but also of sub-optimal solutions than the inventing group (BFs around 4), and it tended to focus more on the most relevant learning contents. Explorative analyses suggest that applying canonical solutions to examples is one of the processes explaining why working through the solution leads to higher transfer. In conclusion, a worked-out inventing problem seems to prepare future learning more effectively than an open inventing activity by deepening and focusing subsequent learning processes.
The role of geological models and uncertainties in safety assessments
Authors: Bjorge Merle , Kreye Phillip , Heim Elisa , Wellmann Florian , Rühaak Wolfram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSafety assessments in nuclear waste management typically include the analysis of thermo-mechanical (TM)-coupled processes. The TM behavior of the host rock is, among other aspects, dependent on the prevalent geological geometry. This study aims to evaluate the impact of uncertainties in geometry on the TM rock behavior. It is one of the very first studies aiming to bring uncertainties of structural geological models and numerical simulations together. To analyze the influence of geological geometries, a simplified model of the region around the Mont Terri rock laboratory was created. A 3D structural geological model was set up and uncertainties of the lithological contacts were quantified by means of stochastic simulations, resulting in an ensemble of 89 model realizations. These realizations were transformed to a 2D numerical model. In this numerical model, TM simulations were computed over a simulation time of 500 years, employing the Finite Element Method. To simulate a heat source of nuclear waste, the lower edge of the model was set to 100 °C. The results of these simulations show mean temperature variations of 90.89 and 92.70 °C after 500 years, with a maximum stress varying between 0.02 and 0.16 MPa of elastic shear energy density and according mean cumulative displacements ranging from 30 to 38 cm. The presented results indicate that different model geometries and differences in material properties lead to noticeable variabilities of the TM behavior of claystone. However, in this case, these variabilities would not significantly affect the integrity of the rock.
Effects of external dynamic disturbances and structural plane on rock fracturing around deep underground cavern
Authors: Feng Fan , Chen Shaojie , Zhao Xingdong , Li Diyuan , Wang Xianlai , Cui Jiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of disasters in deep mining engineering has been confirmed to be closely related to the external dynamic disturbances and geological discontinuities. Thus, a combined finite-element method was employed to simulate the failure process of an underground cavern, which provided insights into the failure mechanism of deep hard rock affected by factors such as the dynamic stress-wave amplitudes, disturbance direction, and dip angles of the structural plane. The crack-propagation process, stress-field distribution, displacement, velocity of failed rock, and failure zone around the circular cavern were analyzed to identify the dynamic response and failure properties of the underground structures. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic disturbance direction had less influence on the dynamic response for the constant in situ stress state, while the failure intensity and damage range around the cavern always exhibited a monotonically increasing trend with an increase in the dynamic load. The crack distribution around the circular cavern exhibited an asymmetric pattern, possibly owing to the stress-wave reflection behavior and attenuation effect along the propagation route. Geological discontinuities significantly affected the stability of nearby caverns subjected to dynamic disturbances, during which the failure intensity exhibited the pattern of an initial increase followed by a decrease with an increase in the dip angle of the structural plane. Additionally, the dynamic disturbance direction led to variations in the crack distribution for specific structural planes and stress states. These results indicate that the failure behavior should be the integrated response of the excavation unloading effect, geological conditions, and external dynamic disturbances.
The Effect of Giving Credit to Social Enterprises: Evidence From Italy
Authors: Aktaş Koray , Barbetta Gian Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study how receiving credit from a social bank (Banca Prossima), created in 2008, has affected the economic performance of social enterprises in Italy in the following years. Social enterprises are key providers of welfare services in the country, but due to their legal status as not-for-profit organizations they have difficulty raising capital. Consequently, their growth is often very slow. Credit could replace capital, but not-for-profit organizations are often subject to credit constraints. Moreover, given that they cannot choose the optimal combination of credit and capital, the effect of credit on the economic performance of social enterprises is far from clear. We use a proprietary data set and a difference-in-differences approach to compare social enterprises that received credit from the social bank and those that did not receive it. The results suggest that receivers significantly increase their production, fixed assets, properties, and employment when they have access to new credit. The results are robust to several tests and an alternative identification strategy that combines matching and difference-in-differences methods.
The effect of energy density and porosity structure on tensile properties of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Cacace Stefania , Pagani Luca , Colosimo Bianca M. , Semeraro Quirico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of process parameters and defect structure on the properties of parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a fundamental step towards the broader use of additive manufacturing technologies in critical applications. Furthermore, the ability to predict mechanical properties by simply considering information on the process parameters and defects observed via X-ray computer tomography (XCT) allows one to avoid expensive destructive testing, provide an in-depth understanding of the process quality and represents a viable solution towards process optimisation. Most of the previous works showed that energy density could be used as an excellent synthetic indicator to predict the mechanical properties of parts produced by L-PBF. This paper explores the effect of different energy density levels on the tensile properties of 316L stainless steel parts produced by L-PBF. Different from previous works in the literature, the same level of energy density is obtained considering various combinations of process parameters (speed, power and hatch distance). While energy density is shown to be a good synthetic indicator for predicting ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS), a different behaviour is observed for elongation. Elongation shows a significant variability even when samples are produced at the same level of energy density, which contrasts with results obtained for UTS and YS. Synthetic indices representing the porosity structure are shown to be quite significant for predicting elongation even when the optimal energy density is considered. By combining process parameters with porosity structure, we show that almost a full prediction of the tensile properties can be achieved, paving the way for a significant reduction in expensive destructive tests.
Teaching machines to optimizing machining parameters: using independent fuzzy logic controller and image data
Authors: Mamledesai Harshavardhan , Zheng Yufan , Ahmad Rafiq 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptimization of machining parameters like cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut is one of the extensively studied fields in the past two decades. While researchers agree optimization of these parameters is essential, there is no conscience as to what the objective of the optimization should be. The studies consider production cost, production time, surface finish, among others, as the objective of parameter optimization, but there are very few studies that consider the manufacturer prescribed tool life as the criteria for parament optimization. Among the methods that do consider tool life as an optimization objective, very few are closed-loop systems and these systems are facing challenges to generalizing when the application changes or the machining material changes or the tool geometry changes. Considering this, a novel image feedback using a convolution neural network-based method combined with principles of fuzzy logic is used to optimize machining parameters. Since the system is based on online feedback from the images of the inserts, it can be used for different materials, and the system is invariant to the different tool geometries and grades as the decisions are based on the wear mechanisms detected. The hybrid system is validated through experimentation for the turning application, but the methodology can be easily adapted for other machining applications.
Evaluation of the National Health System Utilization Status of the Syrian Refugees in Turkey Between 2011 and 2017
Authors: Kinik Kerem , Koçak Hüseyin , Mayadağli Alpaslan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the status of the Syrian refugees (SR) in Turkey in terms of using the National Health System (NHS) between 2011 and 2017.

Methods:
The study is a descriptive and cross-sectional epidemiological research ORACLE SQL Developer program was used for data analysis, and frequency analyzes regarding the person, place, and time characteristics of the health services that SR received between 2011 and 2017 were presented.

Results:
The SRs benefited from NHS hospital services approximately 35 million times (34,973,029). Approximately 40% of the SRs that benefited from the NHS are under the age of 18. The proportion of those under 5 y old is 15.8%; 55.8% of the SRs that benefited from the NHS are women. The utilization status of the SRs from the NHS by region is as follows: 33.4% Mediterranean Region, 29.2% Southeastern Anatolia Region, and 19.0% Marmara Region. The types of health institutions that the SRs used are as follows: 44.0% state hospitals, 15.0% family medicine centers, and 13.3% training and research hospitals. A total of 16,009,524 cases were intervened as part of EMS.

Conclusion:
Syrian refugees in Turkey comprehensively benefited from primary, secondary, and tertiary health services free of charge between 2011 and 2017 in Turkey. It is seen that they have access to private and high-cost health services, such as air ambulance, cancer treatment, and dental treatment.
Delays and declines in seasonal influenza vaccinations due to Hurricane Harvey narrow annual gaps in vaccination by race, income and rurality
Authors: Carrel Margaret A. , Clore Gosia S. , Kim Seungwon , Goto Michihiko , Perencevich Eli N. , Sarrazin Mary Vaughan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:Temporal overlap of the Atlantic hurricane season and seasonal influenza vaccine rollout has the potential to result in delays or disruptions of vaccination campaigns. We documented seasonal influenza vaccination behavior over a 5-year period and explored associations between flooding following Hurricane Harvey and timing and uptake of vaccines, as well as how the impacts of Hurricane Harvey on vaccination vary by race, wealth, and rurality.Design:Retrospective cohort analysis.Setting:Texas counties affected by Hurricane Harvey.Patients:Active users of the Veterans’ Health Administration in 2017.Methods:We used geocoded residential address data to assess flood exposure status following Hurricane Harvey. Days to receipt of seasonal influenza vaccines were calculated for each year from 2014 to 2019. Proportional hazards models were used to determine how likelihood of vaccination varied according to flood status as well as the race, wealth, and rural–urban residence of patients.Results:The year of Hurricane Harvey was associated with a median delay of 2 weeks to vaccination and lower overall vaccination than in prior years. Residential status in flooded areas was associated with lower hazards of influenza vaccination in all years. White patients had higher proportional hazards of influenza vaccination than non-White patients, though this attenuated to 6.39% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.0639; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.034–1.095) in the hurricane. year.Conclusions:Receipt of seasonal influenza vaccination following regional exposure to the effects of Hurricane Harvey was delayed among US veterans. White, non–low-income, and rural patients had higher likelihood of vaccination in all years of the study, but these gaps narrowed during the hurricane year.