bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF CROP ROTATIONS IN THE LOWER VOLGA CONDITIONS
Authors: Seminchenko Elena V. 
Published: July 2022

Background. In the dry-thermal zone of the Lower Volga region, one of the factors of increasing the productivity of Pashnya is organic fertilizer. The effectiveness of the introduction into the soil of siderates, straw and leaf-weighting mass of field crops and their effect on the decrease in water consumption coefficients, an increase in the return of the organic matter and increasing the yield of grain crops was carried out. Gorodishcheskoe land use Cadastral number 34:03:000000:6.
Purpose. Determine the effectiveness of biologized crop rotations in the agrolandscapes of the Lower Volga region.
Materials and methods. Accounting and observations were: recommendation on the methodology for conducting observations and research in the fields of the NII of the Southeast, Saratov, 1973; Methods of experimental work B.A. Armorovov (Armpecov, 1985). The aggregate composition of the soil (according to the method of N.I. Savinova, 1931, refined TSH). Accounting for the biological mass of siteral crops in the phase of cosset or budgement. Determination of the biological yield of plants from sites of 0.25 m2 located in four places of the defense. Accounting for crop solid, daily. Accounting for sitaral cultures and perennial herbs – a cat in manual. Calculation of the exit of feed units and digestible protein was performed using the transfer coefficients by M.F. Tomme.
Results. Studies have shown that an anti-erosion effect in dry years (8-mpole crop rotation has a counter-erosion effect, in the wet years (GTC> 0.8), the largest anti-erosion effect is observed in 5 and 7-mpole crop rotations with perennial herbs. The analysis of the data showed that in five-field crop rotation, the highest flow into the soil of organic mass (straw + roots) was observed - 5.5 t/ha. Gumus deficiency with the highest indicator (-0.33) t / ha in 4 pollen crop rotation. The 8-mpolous fruitless crop turnover had the greatest productivity. From one hectare of the cropping area, the yield of grain was 1.50 t/ha, feed units 1.67. Upload products in K.ED. 4 and 8-mpol crops are with hectares of sowing square. To stabilize soil fertility, a fruitful 8-mpolor crop rotation with 50% of cereals is recommended. The same crop rotation is the most productive to collect grain and feed units with a hectare of crop-coordinate area.
Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The area of application of the recommendations is the zone of soils of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.
INVESTIGATION OF THE FORMATION REACTION OF σ-ADDUTS OF 2-R-5,7-DINITROBENZOXAZOLES
Authors: Mukhtorov Loik G. , Boykova Olga I. , Ivanova Evgeniya V. , Nikishina Maria B. , Perelomov Leonid V. , Atroshchenko Yuri M. 
Published: July 2022

Background. The problem of the synthesis of new effective biologically active compounds remains an urgent task of modern chemical science. It is known that oxazole derivatives have a broad spectrum of physiological activity. In this regard, expanding the range of these derivatives seems to be an urgent task. One of the promising methods for the functionalization of nitro derivatives of heterocycles is reductive activation, which proceeds through the formation of relatively labile, highly reactive hydride σ-adducts, which can then be used to synthesize new biologically active compounds. This work is devoted to the study of the formation reaction of anionic σ-complexes of 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate.
Purpose. To study the reaction of formation of anionic σ-complexes of 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles by spectral methods.
Materials and methods. The reaction mechanism for the formation of anionic σ-adducts 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate was proposed on the basis of the data of UV spectra obtained by carrying out the studied reaction in the cuvette of an SF 103 spectrophotometer. The structure of the obtained compounds was also proved using 1H-, 13C - and 2D-correlation NMR spectroscopy.
Results. Double-charged hydride σ-adducts based on 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles were synthesized under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate. The structure of the formed adducts was proved by the methods of electronic and NMR spectroscopy, and a probable mechanism of the reaction was proposed.
Conclusion. The reaction of mild reduction of dinitro derivatives of benzo[d]oxazole under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate was studied. As a result, the corresponding hydride σ-complexes, which are sodium salts of bis-nitroic acids of benzo[d]oxazole, were isolated and identified by spectral methods. The mechanism of the reaction of their formation has been suggested.
MODELING INTRAORGAN VASCULATURE USING PROCEDURAL AND MATHEMATICAL SPACE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Zenin Oleg , Kosnikov Yury N. , Kafarov Edgar S. 
Published: July 2022

Background. The electronic methods in medicine are getting more widespread. The COVID-19 pandemic forced remote IT technologies to develop. It is necessary to create medical e-learning systems, in particular, to study anatomy of human organ vasculatures.
Purpose. To create universal and realistic 3d-model of intraorgan vasculatures based on the vasculature morphometry results.
Materials and methods. Morphometric data of real vascular networks, geometric modeling in plane and in scape, procedural spatial transformation of the vasculature according to the law of a logarithmic spiral were used.
Results. A two-staged sequence for construction a geometric 3d-model is proposed. The model is built of the units of vasculature, which are called bifurcations (dichotomies). At the first stage, mathematical 2d-model of a vascular network fragment is build based on morphometric data of the geometry of vasculature. It reflects the structure and quantitative characteristics of the vascular bifurcations (dichotomies). At the second stage, data about third special coordinate is added and a procedural 3d-model of the fragment is built. To increase the accuracy of the model, the ability to bend the vessels and to differ diameters of their starting and ending points have been added.
Conclusion. The universal 3d-model of a tree-like structure is presented as a visualization of the intraorgan vasculature. These models can be used as visual teaching aids in online education environment. To increase the informative and educational value of the model, visual images of various pathologies of the vasculature can be added.
TO THE QUESTION OF RADIATION SAFETY: STUDY OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF STRONTIUM-90 AND CESIUM-137 IN SELECTED BABY FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Batyan Anatoly N. , Kravchenko Vyacheslav A. , Yakimenko Anastasia V. , Litvyak Vladimir V. , Kuzina Lidia B. 
Published: July 2022

Background. Baby food products contain the necessary components for life and elements that are unsafe for health, particularly the radioactive isotopes of strontium-90 and cesium-137. Radiation from isotopes ingested at such an early age can lead to irreversible damage to organs and tissues, negatively affecting a person’s later life.
Materials and methods. As an object of research, we selected specialized ready-to-eat baby food products from canned fish to fruit and milk purees sold and produced in the Republic. We analyze baby food products for compliance with the specific activity indicators of strontium-90 and cesium-137 with the internal hygienic standard of the Republic of Belarus GN 10-117-99 and the technical regulation of the Customs Union «On food safety» (TR TS 021/2011). We study the specific activities of cesium-137 and strontium-90 using RKG-AT1320 and MSK-AT1315, respectively. In addition, we undertake statistical analysis using the Statistica package, where we determine the coefficient of variation of an indicator within a product and the variance of the available values.
Results. In 14 types of baby food, we found the following features: the specific activities of cesium-137 varied from 1,2 Bq/kg in Beef Puree to 7,0 in Peach Puree, which, in our opinion, is due to a decrease in the content of radionuclide during its migration in food chains: plant → animal, as well as technological features of product preparation.
Specific activities of strontium-90 varied from 1 Bq/kg in Banana and Strawberry Puree with Cream to 1,85 Bq/kg in Reduced Apple-Rosehip Juice. We also noted that within the species «Puree of banana and strawberry with a cream», the values also change in a wide range for the specific activity of strontium-90 from 1 Bq/kg to 1.8 Bq/kg. Errors in the determination procedure can explain this fact since the product is thermally concentrated.
Statistical analysis showed that the smallest coefficient of variation was in «Prune puree» – 3,18%, and the highest in «Salmon puree» – 75%. The high coefficient of variation in «Salmon puree» is due to the diversity of the fodder base for salmon. On the other hand, the low value of the coefficient of variation in «Prune puree» is caused by the uniformity of the growing conditions of prunes.
Conclusion. The analyzed specialized baby food products comply with the republican normative act GN 10-117-99 and the EAEU standard TR CU 021/2011.
Management of the Palatally Displaced Maxillary Canine. Part 1: Extract, Align or Avoid?
Authors: Frawley Tom , Parkin Nicola 
Published: July 2022

The decision-making process in the management of a patient with a palatally displaced canine can be complex, with several clinical and patient-related variables, each requiring careful consideration, both individually and in unison. In this article, we discuss these factors, along with the available treatment options and their underlying evidence base. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Alignment of palatally displaced maxillary canine represents a common and potentially challenging clinical task for all orthodontists. A detailed understanding of the factors that can potentially influence the success of this approach should help clinicians to reach an appropriate treatment decision for each individual patient as part of a risk–benefit approach.
Divergent confidence intervals among pre-specified analyses in the HiSTORIC stepped wedge trial: An exploratory post-hoc investigation
Authors: Parker Richard A. , Keerie Catriona , Weir Christopher J. , Anand Atul , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin on presentation to rule out myocardial infarction (HiSTORIC) study was a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial with long before-and-after periods, involving seven hospitals across Scotland. Results were divergent for the binary safety endpoint (type 1 or type 4b myocardial infarction or cardiac death) across certain pre-specified analyses, which warranted further investigation. In particular, the calendar-matched analysis produced an odds ratio in the opposite direction to the primary logistic mixed-effects model analysis.

Methods
Several post-hoc statistical models were fitted to each of the co-primary outcomes of length of hospital stay and safety events, which included adjusting for exposure time, incorporating splines, and fitting a random time effect. We improved control of patient characteristics over time by adjusting for multiple additional covariates using different methods: direct inclusion, regression adjustment for propensity score, and weighting. A data augmentation approach was also conducted aiming to reduce the effect of sparse data bias. Finally, the raw data was examined.

Results
The new statistical models confirmed the results of the pre-specified trial analysis. In particular, the observed divergence between the calendar-matched and other analyses remained, even after performing the covariate adjustment methods, and after using data augmentation. Divergence was particularly acute for the safety endpoint, which had an event rate of 0.36% overall. Examining the raw data was particularly helpful to assess the sensitivity of the results to small changes in event rates and identify patterns in the data.

Conclusions
Our experience reveals the importance of conducting multiple pre-specified sensitivity analyses and examining the raw data, particularly for stepped wedge trials with low event rates or with a small number of sites. Before-and-after analytical approaches that adjust for differences in patient populations but avoid direct modelling of the time trend should be considered in future stepped wedge trials with similar designs.
Itinerarios sobre la guerra y la posguerra de Malvinas. La trastienda de la investigación social como contenido de la enseñanza del pasado reciente
Authors: Bazán Sonia , Devoto Eduardo , Marchetti Braian , Zuppa Silvia 
Published: July 2022

El artículo analiza la tarea realizada por los/as investigadores/as del proyecto, extensión y transferencia “Memorias, reconocimiento y políticas de reparación del pasado reciente. Aproximaciones transdisciplinarias a la experiencia de los ex combatientes de la guerra de Malvinas de la ciudad de Mar del Plata”, que reúne a las facultades de Humanidades, Psicología y Derecho de la UNMdP. Se registró el proceso de recolección de testimonios de exsoldados combatientes de la ciudad de Mar del Plata sobre la guerra y la posguerra de Malvinas, para producir conocimiento didáctico sobre el trabajo de los cientistas sociales en la reconstrucción de las memorias sobre nuestro pasado próximo. Para dicha tarea se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los/as investigadores y se documentó el proceso de la investigación. El propósito es elaborar un material didáctico con orientaciones para la enseñanza de la investigación social, que sirva a profesores/as y estudiantes de escuela secundaria.
Co-Simulation im Planungsprozess für die Informationsmodell-basierte virtuelle Inbetriebnahme
Authors: Mueller Ralph Klaus , Großmann Daniel , Schmied Sebastian , Jumar Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil von modernen Entwicklungszyklen. Simulationsmodelle von neu entwickelten Produktionsstrukturen unterstützen dabei, Ideen zu Prozessen zu bewerten. Die Maschinenkommunikation ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil dieser Bewertung. Mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung der Produktion liegt der Fokus immer mehr auf der Gesamtvernetzung durch Industrie 4.0-Implementierungen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einen Ansatz, um mit einer Co-Simulationsumgebung im Planungsprozess zur Überprüfung der dynamischen Interaktion zwischen den Schnittstellenteilnehmern beizutragen.
An automatic defect-inspection method for optical isolators using image analysis
Authors: Qiu Tian , Lin Zhiquan , Tsai Chen Jung , Wong Chi Shing , Zhang Xin , Liu Shuaiqi , Ning Honglong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Manual inspection is still widely used for defect detection in optical isolator factories. The manual method is not only inefficient, but also low reliability, and easy to be disturbed by visual fatigue. This paper proposes an automatic defect detection algorithm for optical isolators, which is an extension to a previous conference paper, with more algorithms and detailed description of the detection algorithm added. In the focusing part of the algorithm, an improved Laplace operator which increases the attention of oblique gradient is adopted. In the detection part of the algorithm, the image-enhancement based on adaptive threshold, the line and ring detection based on Hough transform, and process the detection results by clustering method are used. Experiments show that the scheme proposed in this paper can inspect a series of defects on the crystal area of the optical isolator in real time, the manpower demand can be reduced to less than 10 % and the detection accuracy is 93 %.
First morning voided urinary gonadotropins in children: verification of method performance and establishment of reference intervals
Authors: Yao Yifan , Mao Shunfeng , Yuan Ke , He Minfei , Dong Minya , Huang Yandi , Yang Donglei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Peng Chen , Zhu Yilin , Wang Chunlin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Urinary luteinizing hormone (uLH) and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (uFSH) have been shown to be useful screening and management tools for children with central precocious puberty. However, studies on uLH and uFSH reference intervals are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to establish reference intervals for uLH and uFSH, according to age, sex, and pubertal status in apparently healthy children aged 6–11 years.

Methods
We performed detection capability, precision, accuracy by recovery, linearity, agreement analysis, and stability testing to analyze the method performance of uLH and uFSH. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute’s C28-A3 criteria was used to establish the reference intervals.

Results
Both uLH and uFSH were stable at 4 °C for 52.6 h and 64.8 days, respectively. The total imprecision of uFSH is within the manufacturer’s claim, while the total imprecision of uLH remained within tolerable bias. Both uLH and uFSH could be measured with acceptable detection capability. The recovery rates of the hormones were 87.6–98.8% and 102.8–103.4%, respectively, and therefore within acceptable limits. There were significant correlations between the serum and urine concentrations (LH: r=0.91, p<0.001; FSH: r=0.90, p<0.001). The reference intervals of uLH and uFSH were established according to age, sex, and pubertal status.

Conclusions
We established reference intervals for uLH and uFSH based on age, sex and pubertal status to provide a non-invasive clinical screening tool for precocious puberty in children aged 6–11 years.
Stability of direct renin concentration and plasma renin activity in EDTA whole blood and plasma at ambient and refrigerated temperatures from 0 to 72 hours
Authors: Hepburn Sophie , Munday Coral , Taylor Kevin , Halsall David J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate transport and storage conditions for blood taken for direct renin concentration and plasma renin activity measurement, and whether cryoactivation of prorenin is seen at time points relevant to clinical practice.

Methods
Blood was extracted from n=10 volunteers into K2-EDTA tubes. Stability of renin was assessed in whole blood stored at room temperature (15–25 °C) and in the refrigerator (2–8 °C) at 0 h, 8 h, and 24 h. The stability of renin in plasma was determined under the same conditions at 0 h, 24 h and 72 h.

Results
Stability of plasma renin activity and direct renin concentration in whole blood stored at room temperature was found to be acceptable for up to 24 h. At refrigerated temperature, whole blood stability was acceptable for measurement of direct renin concentration up to 8 h and plasma renin activity up to 24 h. In contrast, plasma renin activity was not stable in plasma stored at either room or refrigerated temperatures up to 24 h; however, direct renin concentration had acceptable stability in plasma stored at room temperature for up to 24 h, but stability was unacceptable at refrigerated temperatures.

Conclusions
Samples collected for plasma renin activity and direct renin concentration should be transported as whole blood to optimise stability. After sample processing, plasma can be kept at room temperature for up to 24 h for direct renin concentration, however, for determination of plasma renin activity separated plasma should be analysed or frozen as soon as possible.
The future of care and clinical research in autism — recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission
Authors: Yu Xiang , Xu Xiu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
At least 78 million people worldwide are affected by autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions, and repetitive behaviors and/or interests. Autism typically manifests in early childhood, and affects social communications and behaviors throughout the lifespan of the individual. Under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder, it is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with some individuals profoundly affected and needing care every day, while others can live highly independent lives, with some adjustments. The past 60 years has seen a major influx of interest in autism, and significant advances in many areas. However, a large gap remains between current scientific knowledge and the help and support that people with autism and their families need. To address these concerns, the Lancet commissioned a report on the “future of care and clinical research in autism”. The Commission calls for government coordination between health-care, education and social sectors, as well as active participation from people with autism and their families. The Commission proposes personalized, evidence-based assessments and intervention, that is accessible and affordable to all, and call for increased appreciation of neurodiversity and prioritization of research that can improve the lives of people with autism and their families. How to support each and every autistic individual and their families is highly challenging. The 64-page Lancet Commission Report, published on December 2021, was written jointly by 32 authors from 6 continents and 13 disciplines, including clinicians, other health-care providers, researchers, advocates, autistic individuals and their parents.
Crystal structure of di-μ2-hydroxido-tetrakis(6-methylpyridine-2-carboxylato-k2
N,O) diiron(III) trihydrate C28H32Fe2N4O13
Authors: Cui Hong-Meng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
C28H32Fe2N4O13, monoclinic, P2/n (no. 13), a = 8.0964(3) Å, b = 13.4889(5) Å, c = 14.0543(5) Å, β = 95.190(3)°, V = 1528.60(10) Å3 , Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0405, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0972, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[(bis(isothiocyano)-bis(μ
2-(E)-N′-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide))iron(II) – methanol – 1,4-dioxane (1/2/2), C36H44FeN10O8S2
Authors: Cui Hong-Meng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
C36H44FeN10O8S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.7712(5) Å, b = 24.6087(12) Å, c = 9.6083(4) Å, β = 96.952(5)°, V = 2058.68(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0664, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1318, T = 173(2) K.
Theoretical investigation of some 1,2,4-triazole-based molecules synthetized
Authors: Turhan Zeynep Şilan , Tenlįk Figen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, theoretical calculations were made and interpreted to obtain chemical, nonlinear optical properties and antibacterial activity parameters of 14 registered heterocyclic 4, 5-dihydro-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one derivatives in the literature. For this purpose, first of all, 14 compounds registered in the literature and two main structures were optimized to find the minimum energy and the most stable structure by using the “B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p)” methods. HOMO–LUMO energies calculated from these optimized structures, energy differences and chemical parameters derived from HOMO–LUMO energies (I; Ionization potential, A; electron affinity, ΔE; Energy Gap, χ; electronegative σ; molecular softness, ω; Electrophilic Index, ε; Nucleophilic Index, μ; Chemical Potential) values were determined. In addition to chemical parameters, polar calculations were made for nonlinear optical properties, and it was evaluated whether the compounds could be optical materials. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the molecules were calculated theoretically and compared with the experimental results by calculating the volume.