bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure of individual harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and waters surrounding protected habitats to acoustic deterrent noise from aquaculture
Authors: Findlay Charlotte R. , Hastie Gordon D. , Farcas Adrian , Merchant Nathan D. , Risch Denise , Wilson Ben 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Pinniped depredation at aquaculture sites is a globally recognized problem. To mitigate depredation, the aquaculture sector uses acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) as a non‐lethal alternative to shooting pinnipeds interacting with caged finfish. However, it is unclear whether sound emissions from ADDs have the potential to also impact non‐target pinnipeds at spatial scales relevant to populations.
Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data from seven harbour seals tagged in a non‐aquaculture context, on the west coast of Scotland, in 2017 were combined with modelled maps of ADD noise to quantify sound exposure and estimate the potential for auditory impairment. The acoustic model applied an energy flux approach across the main frequency range of ADDs (2–40 kHz). Predictions of temporary and permanent auditory threshold shifts were made using seal location data and published noise exposure criteria. The acoustic exposure of waters (10‐km buffers) surrounding protected habitats (i.e. designated haul outs and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs)) on the west coast of Scotland was also assessed.
All tagged seals and waters surrounding 51 of 56 protected sites were predicted to be exposed to ADD noise exceeding median ambient sound levels. Temporary auditory impairment was predicted to occur in one of the seven tagged harbour seals and across 1.7% of waters surrounding protected habitats over a 24‐hour period, when assuming a 100% ADD duty cycle.
Although the predicted risk of auditory impairment appears to be relatively low, these findings suggest that harbour seals inhabiting inshore waters off western Scotland are routinely exposed to ADD noise that exceeds median ambient sound levels. This chronic exposure risks negative consequences for individual harbour seals among the wider population in this region. The use of ADDs to mitigate pinniped depredation should be carefully considered to reduce unintended habitat‐wide impacts on non‐target species, including pinnipeds that are not specifically interacting with aquaculture.
The relationship between body mass index and postoperative delirium
Authors: Deng Xiyuan , Qin Peijuan , Lin Yanan , Tao He , Liu Fanghao , Lin Xu , Wang Bin , Bi Yanlin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to investigate the relevance of body mass index (BMI) to postoperative delirium (POD), and to test whether the influences of BMI on POD were mediated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.Patients and methodsOur study recruited 682 and 761 cognitively intact individuals from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder risk factor and prognosis (PNDRFAP) study and the perioperative neurocognitive disorder and biomarker lifestyle (PNDABLE) study, respectively. The incidence of POD was evaluated by using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), and POD severity was measured by using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and POD. The levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, T‐tau, and P‐tau in preoperative CSF were measured by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) in the PNDABLE study. Mediation analysis with 5000 bootstrapped iterations was used to explore the mediation effects.ResultsIn the PNDRFAP study, the incidence of POD was 16.3%, with logistic regression analysis showing that BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.900, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.823–0.985, p = .022) is a protective factor of POD. In the PNDABLE study, the incidence of POD was 18.7%, and regression analysis confirmed that BMI (OR = 0.832, 95% CI 0.761–0.910, p < .001) is a protective factor of POD, while T‐tau (OR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003–1.006, p < .001) and P‐tau (OR = 1.037, 95% CI 1.024–1.050, p < .001) were risk factors of POD. Mediation analyses revealed that the association between BMI and POD was partially mediated by T‐tau (proportion: 36%) and P‐tau (proportion: 24%).ConclusionHigher BMI mediated protective effects on POD through CSF biomarkers (T‐tau and P‐tau).
Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Ramos Daniela Fernandes , Bartolomeu Halicki Priscila Cristina , da Silva Canielles Caprara Carolina , Borges Pedro , da R. M.D'Oca Caroline , de Fátima C. Santos Maria , D'Oca Marcelo G. M. , Roselet Fabio , Almeida da Silva Pedro Eduardo , Abreu Paulo Cesar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroalgae, due to its rapid growth, low nutritional requirements, and versatility of adaptation to different environmental conditions, has aroused the biotechnological interest, synthesizing novel molecules with antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. In this sense, we carried out the bioprospection of Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom employed in aquaculture, as a candidate to the development of new drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. The chemical profile of extracts in different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone) were analyzed by 1H‐NMR. The hexane extract was the most active against all bacteria species tested, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/ml. Contrarily, the methanol extract was inactive against all tested microorganisms and, in addition, was the only one with IC50 >800 μg/mL, showing no cytotoxicity in VERO cell lines. All other extracts showed antibacterial potential and IC50 values varying between 267.58 and 142.47 μg/ml. The fact that C. muelleri is a microalga easily grown on bioreactors on a large scale may promote its biotechnological use, especially as scaffolds for the development of new compounds against bacterial species of clinical and public health interest.
Effect of prehospital treatment in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI
Authors: Fabris Enrico , Menzio Sara , Gregorio Caterina , Pezzato Andrea , Stolfo Davide , Aleksova Aneta , Vitrella Giancarlo , Rakar Serena , Perkan Andrea , van't Hof Arnoud WJ , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriate timing to administer antithrombotic therapies in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the role of antithrombotic therapy administration at first medical contact (FMC) compared with the administration in the Cathlab.MethodsWe conducted a “before‐after” observational study enrolling STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Outcomes were evaluated during two successive periods, before (control group: aspirin only at FMC) and after (pretreated intervention group: heparin, aspirin plus ticagrelor at FMC) the introduction of a new regional pretreatment protocol.ResultsA total of 537 consecutive patients (300 in control vs. 237 in intervention group) were enrolled. The pretreated compared with no pretreated population showed better basal reperfusion, expressed as basal Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)‐flow (p for trend p < 0.001). Pretreated population showed lower frequency of TIMI 0 (56.5% vs. 73.7%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.67, p < 0.001) and higher frequency of TIMI 2‐3 (33.3% vs. 19.3% OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.38–2.00, p < 0.001) and TIMI 3 (14.3% vs. 9.7%, OR: 1.56, 95% CI: (0.92–2.65), p = 0.094). Pretreated compared with no pretreated population showed reduced infarct size expressed as Troponin Peak (20,286 (8726–75,027) versus 48,676 (17,229–113,900), p = 0.001), and higher left ventricular ejection fraction at discharge (53% (44–59) vs. 50% (44–56), p = 0.027). In‐hospital BARC ≥ 2 bleeding were similar (2.1% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.929, in pretreated versus no pretreated population, respectively).ConclusionThis study provides support for an early pretreatment strategy in STEMI patients and confirmed the importance of an efficient organization of STEMI networks which allow initiation of antithrombotic treatment at FMC.
Complement inhibitor eculizumab in thrombotic microangiopathy: Single‐center case series
Authors: Vitkauskaitė Monika , Vinikovas Artūras , Miglinas Marius , Rimševičius Laurynas , Čerkauskaitė Agnė , Mačionienė Ernesta , Ašakienė Eglė 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur case series showed that eculizumab is efficacious and safe in treating thrombotic microangiopathy, as well as it has positive effects on quality of life. Further extensive studies are required to develop unified treatment guidelines.
Levetiracetam‐induced aggression and acute behavioral changes: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jeff F , Piryani Ravi , Swayampakula Anil K , Farooq Osman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLevetiracetam is a second‐generation antiepileptic medication used to treat a wide range of partial and generalized seizure disorders. While Levetiracetam is generally well‐tolerated, mild mood‐related side effects (e.g., anxiety, agitation, and depression) have been observed in a minority of patients in the days following initiation of therapy or changes in dosing. The development of acute aggression requiring termination of Levetiracetam therapy has been rarely reported in the medical literature but poses a limiting effect on treatment options for refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients. In this report, we present a teenage male patient with a history of seizure disorder who developed sudden, severe behavioral abnormalities and aggression following increases in his Levetiracetam dosing. His symptoms resolved rapidly after return of his medication dosing to baseline, with no further sequelae noted. Our observations suggest that Levetiracetam remains a safe and effective first‐line antiepileptic whose adverse behavioral side effect profile can be properly managed with close patient monitoring and dose titration.
Diagnostic challenges in childhood sarcoidosis
Authors: Manaa Linda , Youssef Monia , Chouchène Chokri , Ben abdejlil Nouha , Belhadjali Hichem , Chouchène Sleh , Zili Jameleddine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of our clinical image was to emphasize the value of a careful skin examination in the diagnosis of early‐onset sarcoidosis in children.
Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: An uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction in a virgin abdomen
Authors: Sghair Asma , Debaibi Mehdi , Kchaou Majdi , Talbi Skander , Sridi Azza , Chouchen Adnen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a clinical entity characterized by partial or complete encasement of the digestive tract by a fibrous membrane. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult to establish. The diagnosis of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis should be considered for patients without any surgical history and admitted for intestinal obstruction, especially for patients having peritoneal dialysis. We herein report the case of a 50‐year‐old man with idiopathic encapsulating peritonitis complicated by intestinal obstruction and ischemia. Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare disease. The diagnosis is made generally during a surgical procedure. Surgery seems to be the best management option for patients with severe signs of intestinal obstruction. Total resection of membrane avoids recurrences but it is associated with higher morbidity and mortality
Promoting Proton Transfer and Stabilizing Intermediates in Catalytic Water Oxidation via Hydrophobic Outer Sphere Interactions
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Li Ge , Shen Nannan , Wang Linqin , Timmer Brian J. J. , Kravchenko Alexander , Zhou Shengyang , Gao Ying , Yang Yi , Yang Hao , Xu Bo , Zhang Biaobiao , Ahlquist Mårten S. G. , Sun Licheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe outer coordination sphere of metalloenzyme often plays an important role in its high catalytic activity, however, this principle is rarely considered in the design of man‐made molecular catalysts. Herein, four Ru‐bda (bda=2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate) based molecular water oxidation catalysts with well‐defined outer spheres are designed and synthesized. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that the hydrophobic environment around the Ru center could lead to thermodynamic stabilization of the high‐valent intermediates and kinetic acceleration of the proton transfer process during catalytic water oxidation. By this outer sphere stabilization, a 6‐fold rate increase for water oxidation catalysis has been achieved.
Tetranuclear Dicationic Aurophilic Gold(I) Catalysts in Enyne Cycloisomerization: Cooperativity for a Dramatic Shift in Selectivity
Authors: Nguyen Tuan‐Anh , Daiann Sosa Carrizo E. , Cattey Hélène , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Roger Julien , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn comparison to mononuclear gold Lewis acid catalysts, digold complexes and dual‐gold catalysis have illustrated a distinct and powerful potential for the activation of carbon‐carbon multiple bonds. Herein, this concept is pushed further by designing novel tetranuclear gold(I) dicationic complexes structurally supported by strongly stabilizing constraint diphosphinoferrocenyl ligands and attractive closed‐shell Au⋅⋅⋅Au aurophilic interactions. The use of a molecularly‐defined tetranuclear dicationic aurophilic gold(I) precatalyst for the selectivity‐challenging cycloisomerization of low‐substituted 1,6‐enynes favors the formation with high selectivity of strained azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐4‐enes – even in the complete absence of activating/orienting substituents on alkyne and olefin reactive functions. This selectivity is not achieved by the reported phosphine‐ and carbene‐stabilized mono‐ and dinuclear cationic gold(I) complexes, including the ones formed from the same ligands. More importantly this selectivity differs also from nanoparticles and heterogeneous gold catalysts reported to date. DFT studies correlated to experimental mechanistic investigations support an unprecedented “cluster‐like” reactivity from polynuclear cooperation at the origin of this peculiar selectivity where the aurophilic interactions preexist, and pre‐organize, gold cluster reactive intermediates.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Scanning electron microscopy andX‐ray ultra‐microscopy—SEMandXuM
Authors: Davies Thomas E. , Li He , Bessette Stéphanie , Gauvin Raynald , Patience Gregory S. , Dummer Nicholas F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) produces images at 500 000 times magnification and better than 1 nm resolution to characterize inorganic and organic solid morphology, surface topography, and crystallography. An electron beam interacts with the material and generates secondary electrons (SE) and backscattered electrons (BSE) that detectors capture. Coupled with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (X‐EDS), SEM‐EDS identifies elemental composition. X‐ray ultra‐microscopy (XuM) traverses particles to identify phase changes and areas of high density and voids without slicing through the solids by microtome. Although SEM instrument capability continuously evolves with higher magnification and better resolution, desktop SEMs are becoming standard in laboratories that require frequent imaging and lower magnification. Hand‐held cameras (800–1500×) have the advantage of low cost, ease of use, and better colours. SEM depth of field is better than visible light microscopy, but image stacking software has narrowed the gap between the two. Modern user interfaces mean that today's SEM instruments are easier to operate and data acquisition is faster, but operators must be able to select the right technique for the application (e.g., SE vs. BSE). Furthermore, they must understand how operating parameters like probe current, accelerating voltage, spot‐diameter, convergence angle, and working distance compromise sample integrity. The number of articles the Web of Science indexes that mention SEM has grown from 1000 in 1990 to over 40 000 in 2021. A bibliometric map identified four clusters of research: mechanical properties and microstructure; nanoparticles, composites, and graphene; antibacterial and green synthesis; and adsorption and wastewater.
Versatile Magnetic Nanoparticles for Spatially Organized Assemblies of Enzyme Cascades: A Comprehensive Investigation of Catalytic Performance
Authors: Chu Xinshuang , Shi Qinghong 
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive SummaryInspired by nature, precise spatial organization of enzyme cascades of interest is crucial to the improvement of catalytic performance. Herein, DNA scaffolds were introduced to construct a toolkit for versatile immobilization of enzyme pairs on dextran‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). After the glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) pair was immobilized through random covalent, DNA‐directed and DNA tile‐directed strategies, the immobilized GOx/HRP pair on the MNP‐based carrier assembled with DNA tile (TD@MNPs) exhibited the highest activity due to rational spatial organization and less conformational change of constituent enzymes. With a decrease in interenzyme distance on TD@MNPs, furthermore, the catalytic efficiency of the HRP/GOx pair increased further for both substrates, 2,2’‐azinobis(3‐ethyl‐benzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS) and 3,3',5,5'‐tetramethyl benzidine (TMB). As the assembled HRP was closer to the carrier surface, the catalytic efficiency of the GOx/HRP pair increased by 6.2‐fold for positively charged TMB and only by 62% for negatively charged ABTS compared with the free GOx/HRP pair. Moreover, a reversal of catalytic efficiency was found after the GOx/HRP pair was assembled on a positively charged carrier (TD@pMNPs). This research demonstrated that MNP‐based carriers had the potential to become a versatile toolkit for shedding an insight into catalytic performance and the development of new biocatalysts.
QTL mapping for adult plant field resistance to stripe rust in the AAC Cameron/P2711 spring wheat population
Authors: Farzand Momna , Dhariwal Raman , Hiebert Colin W. , Spaner Dean , Randhawa Harpinder S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Deployment of resistant wheat cultivars is one of the best strategies to mitigate disease‐associated risks. The genotype P2711 possesses effective stripe rust resistance under field conditions in western Canada, however, the genetic basis of this resistance is unknown. To identify resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprised of 252 RILs was developed from the cross AAC Cameron/P2711. This population was evaluated for stripe rust severity at the adult plant stage in Creston, BC (in 2018, 2019, and 2020) and Lethbridge, AB (in 2018 and 2020), and was genotyped using the wheat 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. A high‐density genetic map comprised of 8,915 markers was constructed covering all the wheat chromosomes. Four resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were contributed by P2711 and three from AAC Cameron. QYr.lrdc‐2A.1, corresponding to the Yr17 gene, was the most stable QTL and detected in four out of five environments, whereas QYr.lrdc‐2B was the second most stable QTL. These two QTL along with QYr.lrdc‐5A showed a significant reduction in stripe rust severity when present together. Where most of the QTLs detected in both locations, QYr.lrdc‐1A.1 and QYr.lrdc‐1A.2, both were detected only in Creston, BC. Stable QTLs on chromosome 2A, 2B, and 5A, and their closely associated markers identified in this study could be utilized in marker‐assisted selection for stripe rust resistant cultivar development.
Study of self‐organised criticality in a coaxial plasma source with gridded cathode
Authors: Bose Subhojit , Paul Manash Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple luminous sheath structures develop in the localised plasma formation inside a cylindrical gridded cathode plasma source. These structures gradually expand into the whole vessel and undergo a critical state through self‐organised criticality (SOC) along with pronounced sheath oscillations during the variation of anode potential. The present investigation emphasises the stability properties associated with the oscillations of the sheath potential structures in the cylindrical‐gridded cathode in glow discharge regime through SOC phenomena through non‐linear time series analysis. The non‐linear temporal and spatial analysis of potential structure and dynamics of charged particles are correlated with SOC in cylindrical‐gridded cathode in glow discharge regime through the dynamics of multiple sheath structure formations. The existence of flicker noise and long‐range correlation in the time series suggests the existence of SOC behaviour in the system, the multiple sheath structures evolve through reduction and addition of layers. Cylindrical‐gridded cathode discharge initiation during formations of multiple sheath structures, switching of discharge regimes with anode potential, layer reduction and addition inside the sheath structures through SOC behaviour, renders uniqueness to the present regime of investigation. Self‐organised pattern formations and self‐organised criticality behaviour investigated in the present glow discharge regime using the cylindrical‐gridded cathode source are of prime importance to understand the complex behaviour of plasmas in the field of hollow cathode discharges.
Faulty node detection and recovery scheme for large‐scale wireless sensor network using hosted cuckoo optimization algorithm
Authors: Palanikumar R. , Ramasamy K. , Srinivasa Ragavan P. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryLarge‐scale wireless sensor networks (LS‐WSNs) are used for collecting and monitoring the physical state of the environment. These networks are first sending information to the base station and then the recipient. LS‐WSNs consist of several components, such as battery, sensor, transmitter, receiver and microcontroller circuits. If any one of these hardware components does not work properly, then the entire system will become faulty condition, resulting reducing network life and accuracy. To overcome these hardware node faults, this manuscript proposes an effective deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐adopted faulty node detection and recovery scheme (FND‐RS) integrated with the hosted cuckoo‐based optimal routing scheme for LS‐WSNs. Here, the DRL process is utilized for noticing and recovering the hardware node fault on sensor. The major objective of this system is ‘to enhance the network life with least energy consumption and also enhance the accuracy of Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks using hosted cuckoo optimization (HO‐COA) algorithms’. The simulation is done in MATLAB. The experimental results shows that the proposed method attains lower overhead 15.65%, energy loss 21.62%, average packet delivery ratio 13.13%, energy efficiency 23.25%, network lifetime 19.12%, throughput 13.5%, time complexity 19.35% and lower delay 17.55% when compared to the existing methods, like FND‐RS for LS‐WSN in distributed intermittent fault diagnosis algorithm (NDR‐WSN‐DISFD), FND‐RS for LS‐WSN in harmony search algorithm (FNDR‐WSN‐HAS), FND‐RS for LS‐WSN in t‐distribution‐based satin bowerbird optimization (FNDR‐WSN‐t‐DSBO), FND‐RS for LS‐WSN in optimal emperor penguin optimization (FNDR‐WSN‐OEPO) and FND‐RS for LS‐WSN in particle swarm optimization algorithm (FNDR‐WSN‐PSO) respectively.