bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsiveness to second and third dose of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination in adolescent and young adult heart transplant recipients
Authors: Feingold Brian , Berman Pamela , Moninger Allison , Huston Allison , Stinner Brenda , West Shawn C. , Rose‐Felker Kirsten , Zinn Matthew D. , Miller Susan A. , Michaels Marian G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThird‐dose mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine is currently recommended in the United States for SOT recipients based in part on data showing diminished immune response, including Ab production, after a two‐dose regimen. Data on vaccine response in adolescent and young adult SOT recipients are limited, including no data reported on third‐dose responsiveness.MethodsResults of serologic testing in a convenience sample of 28 vaccinated adolescent and young adult HT recipients at a single institution were collected from the medical record and summarized.ResultsAt a median of 98.5 days (IQR 59–150) after second dose, 17 (61%) had an Ab response. Among 12 who had serology before and after third‐dose vaccination, four of seven who were negative prior to third dose became positive at a median of 34 days (IQR 31–39.5) following third dose. No myocarditis, acute rejection, graft dysfunction, graft loss, or deaths were observed.ConclusionsThese findings support recommendations for the routine administration of three doses of mRNA vaccines in adolescent and young adult HT recipients and show a potential subpopulation in whom the fourth dose should be contemplated.
Necrotizing enterovirus myositis in a pediatric renal transplant recipient
Authors: Valencia Deray Kristen G. , Taylor Margaret G. , Blessing Melissa M. , Bocchini Claire E. , Schallert Erica K. , Ruderfer Daniel , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Malatesta Muncher Rossana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnteroviruses can cause severe infections, including viral myocarditis, meningitis, acute flaccid myelitis, and viral myositis.Methods/ResultsWe report a 3‐year‐old female renal transplant recipient who presented to a tertiary care hospital with elevated serum liver aminotransferases and subsequently developed proximal muscle pain, weakness, and respiratory distress during the first week of hospitalization. Imaging of the lower extremities revealed diffuse myositis of the proximal thigh and pelvic muscles. A muscle biopsy was obtained and revealed necrotizing myositis with immunostaining positive for enterovirus, consistent with a diagnosis of enterovirus necrotizing myositis. She had complete resolution of symptoms with steroids, intravenous immune globulin, reduced tacrolimus dose, and physical therapy.ConclusionsEnterovirus myositis should be included in the differential diagnosis for necrotizing myositis following renal transplantation in children.
Sphagnum bleaching: Bicarbonate ‘toxicity’ and tolerance for seven Sphagnum species
Authors: Koks A. H. W. , Fritz C. , Smolders A. J. P. , Rehlmeyer K. , Elzenga J. T. M. , Krosse S. , Lamers L. P. M. , van Dijk G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Growth and functioning of Sphagnum mosses are closely linked to water level and chemistry. Sphagnum mosses occur in wet, generally acidic conditions, and when buffered, alkaline water is known to negatively impact Sphagnum. The effects of time, dose and species‐specific responses of buffered, alkaline water on Sphagnum are largely unknown.

We investigated the effects of bicarbonate and calcium on the survival, growth and physiological functioning of seven Sphagnum species occurring in contrasting environments, from raised bogs to (rich) fens. Mosses were submerged in different concentrations of bicarbonate and calcium solutions for 10 weeks under climate‐controlled circumstances.

After 2 weeks, all species exposed to the high bicarbonate treatment (2.0 mM) showed severe potassium leakage and swift discoloration. In contrast, species showed differential responses to the intermediate bicarbonate treatment (0.8 mM), some with a later onset of potassium leakage. S. squarrosum, S. teres & S. contortum generally persisted the longest, with all species dying after 6 to 10 weeks. Calcium alone, in contrast, negatively affected S. squarrosum, S. teres & S. contortum, causing discoloration and potassium leakage.

Our study shows enrichment with bicarbonate, but not calcium, is detrimental for most Sphagnum species tested. A mechanistic model was developed that is consistent with dose and duration dependence and the species specificity. Future conservation and restoration measures for Sphagnum‐dominated habitats and Sphagnum farming (cultivation, production and harvest of Sphagnum moss biomass) should limit flooding with bicarbonate‐rich waters while investigating new management options, like acidifying surface waters to lower bicarbonate levels.
Tariffs, R&D, and two merger policies
Authors: Arzandeh Mehdi , Gunay Hikmet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe compare welfare‐increasing and consumer‐surplus‐increasing merger policies in an oligopoly when merging firms face endogenous trade policies, and engage in cost‐reducing R&D activity. As R&D becomes less efficient, the equilibrium market structures (EMS) become less concentrated under both merger policies. When R&D is very efficient, monopoly becomes the EMS under the welfare‐increasing merger policy. This occurs as the absence of tariff and efficient R&D under monopoly limit the price increase and the gain in profits outweighs the loss in consumer surplus and tariff revenue. The results suggest that trade policies should take into account merger policies and industries' R&D efficiency. The results also show that global welfare maximization requires global merger policy coordination.
New problems for Tennant's definition of harmony
Authors: Ceragioli Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSteinberger proposes as a counterexample to Tennant's harmony criterion a degenerate quantifier that makes it possible to prove consequences such as for every propositional function and pair of terms. Tennant suggests an answer that, according to Steinberger, is inadequate for the purpose. In this paper, it is shown that Steinberger's counterexample works only within a finitary framework, and that, moreover, it rests on a controversial interpretation of Tennant's criterion. Another deepened interpretation of the same criterion is suggested and defended. It is then proved that this new reading solves Steinberger's counterexample but leads to an unacceptable weakening of the logical system.
Knock‐down of gene expression throughout meiosis and pollen formation by virus‐induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Calvo‐Baltanás Vanesa , De Jaeger‐Braet Joke , Cher Wei Yuan , Schönbeck Nils , Chae Eunyoung , Schnittger Arp , Wijnker Erik 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYThrough the inactivation of genes that act during meiosis it is possible to direct the genetic make‐up of plants in subsequent generations and optimize breeding schemes. Offspring may show higher recombination of parental alleles resulting from elevated crossover (CO) incidence, or by omission of meiotic divisions, offspring may become polyploid. However, stable mutations in genes essential for recombination, or for either one of the two meiotic divisions, can have pleiotropic effects on plant morphology and line stability, for instance by causing lower fertility. Therefore, it is often favorable to temporarily change gene expression during meiosis rather than relying on stable null mutants. It was previously shown that virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be used to transiently reduce CO frequencies. We asked if VIGS could also be used to modify other processes throughout meiosis and during pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that VIGS‐mediated knock‐down of FIGL1, RECQ4A/B, OSD1 and QRT2 can induce (i) an increase in chiasma numbers, (ii) unreduced gametes and (iii) pollen tetrads. We further show that VIGS can target both sexes and different genetic backgrounds and can simultaneously silence different gene copies. The successful knock‐down of these genes in A. thaliana suggests that VIGS can be exploited to manipulate any process during or shortly after meiosis. Hence, the transient induction of changes in inheritance patterns can be used as a powerful tool for applied research and biotechnological applications.
Anticancer activity of IRAK‐4 inhibitors against canine lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Park Jun‐Hyeong , Lee Jeong‐Hwa , An Ju‐Hyun , Park Chong‐Woo , Choi Yoon‐Pyo , Seo Seong‐Wook , Lee Hyuk‐Woo , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interleukin‐1 receptor‐related kinase 4 (IRAK4), downstream of myd88, plays an essential role in hyperactive TLR signalling seen in some B‐cell lymphomas. In particular, efficient IRAK4 inhibitors of activated B‐cell subtype of human diffuse large B‐Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are being developed. However, the anticancer effect of IRAK‐4 inhibitors in veterinary medicine has not been elucidated. It is therefore explored in this study involving the GL‐1 and CL‐1 canine lymphoma cell lines in vitro. MyD88 expression was analysed using polymerase chain reaction. GL‐1 and CL‐1 cells were subjected to concentration‐ and time‐dependent treatment with an IRAK‐4 inhibitor and assessed for viability, TLR signalling association and apoptosis using a cell counting Kit‐8 assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The GL‐1 and CL‐1 cells exhibited enhanced MyD88 expression, however, canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) did not. The IRAK‐4 inhibitor reduced cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, significantly reduced the phosphorylation of molecules associated with TLR signalling at IC50 such as IRAK1, IRAK4, NF‐κB and STAT3, and induced apoptosis in GL‐1 and CL‐1 cells. The anticancer effect of the IRAK‐4 inhibitor on canine lymphoma cells is mediated by apoptosis via downregulation of TLR signalling.
Effects of tetraethylammonium‐sensitive K+ channel blockade on cholinergic and thermal sweating in endurance‐trained and untrained men
Authors: Amano Tatsuro , Fujii Naoto , Kenny Glen P. , Okamoto Yumi , Inoue Yoshimitsu , Kondo Narihiko 
Published: March 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does inhibition of K+ channels modulate the exercise‐training‐induced augmentation in cholinergic and thermal sweating?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Iontophoretic administration of tetraethylammonium, a K+ channel blocker, blunted sweating induced by a low dose (0.001%) of the cholinergic agent pilocarpine, but not heat‐induced sweating. However, no differences in the cholinergic sweating were observed between young endurance‐trained and untrained men. Thus, while K+ channels play a role in the regulation of eccrine sweating, they do not contribute to the increase in sweating commonly observed in endurance‐trained adults. Our findings provide important new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of sweating by endurance conditioning.
AbstractWe evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of K+ channels mediates the exercise‐training‐induced augmentation of cholinergic and thermal sweating. On separate days, 11 endurance‐trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 2% tetraethylammonium (TEA, K+ channels blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In protocol 1, low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine were administered at the TEA‐treated and Control sites over a 60‐min period. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their lower limbs in hot water (43°C) until core (rectal) temperature (Tc) increased by 0.8°C above resting levels. Administration of TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating (P = 0.001) during the initial 20 min after the treatment of low dose of pilocarpine only whilst the response was similar between the groups (P = 0.163). Cholinergic and thermal sweating were higher in the trained relative to the untrained men (all P ≤ 0.033). Thermal sweating reached ∼90% of the response at a Tc elevation of 0.8°C during the initial 20 min of passive heating, which corresponds to the period wherein TEA attenuated cholinergic sweating in protocol 1. However, sweating did not differ between the Control and TEA sites in either group (P = 0.704). We showed that activation of K+ channels does not appear to mediate the elevated sweating response induced by a low dose of pilocarpine in trained men. We also demonstrated that K+ channels do not contribute to sweating during heat stress in either group.
An electrical heating shape memory polymer composite incorporated with conductive elastic fabric
Authors: Li Ting , Sun Jian , Leng Jinsong , Liu Yanju 
Published: March 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials with large deformation performance and variable stiffness characteristics, and have exhibited great potential in morphing skins. The thermal stimulation of SMPs is one of the hotspots in recent years. Shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) filled with conductive materials are activated by Joule heating without external heating facilities. The existing electro-induced SMPCs filled with conductive materials would limit large tension deformation, cannot be heated in a large area, or damage the heating circuit under cyclic loading. These aspects restrict the application of SMPC for morphing skins. In this work, an electro-induced SMP composite was fabricated by the styrene-based SMP incorporated with conductive elastic fabric (CEF) to remove the limiting factors as much as possible. The thermos-mechanical properties and electro-active characteristics of CEF/SMP composite were systematically investigated. The maximum strain at break of CEF/SMP composites reached 206% at 80°C, exhibiting excellent deformation performance. The resistance remained relatively stable after 50 cycles under 40% tensile strain. Furthermore, the CEF/SMP composite with a dimension of 160×160×3 mm3 was successfully heated above the glass transition temperature, demonstrating the actuating ability with a relatively large region. In general, the CEF/SMP composite is promising for the application of morphing skins.
An Emergency Powered Air-Purifying Respirator From Local Materials and its Efficacy Against Aerosolized Nanoparticles
Authors: Kessel Jeff , Saevig Christopher S. , Hill W. Cary , Kessel Benjamin , Hull Matthew S. 
Published: March 2022

We describe an approach used by a rural healthcare provider to convert surgical helmets into emergency powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach uses common materials and efficacy was demonstrated against aerosols measuring 7 nm to 25 μm in diameter.
Two Dimensions of Professor-Student Rapport Differentially Predict Student Success Outcomes: A Replication of Wilson and Ryan (2013)
Authors: Broom Timothy W. , Dunbar Nora , Demir Melikşah 
Published: March 2022

Background Professor-student rapport is associated with various important student success outcomes, highlighting the need for a good measure of this construct. Objective The current study attempted to replicate the components of the Professor-Student Rapport Scale (PSRS) reported in Wilson and Ryan (2013). Method 760 undergraduate students completed the PSRS and several student outcome measures. The sample was split in half to conduct both an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The predictive validity of the factors that emerged was then assessed. Results The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not replicate the components previously reported. Instead, we describe the emergence of two distinct factors: “Professor Cares about Students” and “Professor Creates an Engaging and Constructive Atmosphere.” The factor structure exhibited adequate model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and significantly predicted five of the six student and course outcomes examined. Conclusion We argue that the two factors reported herein better capture and elucidate professor-student rapport than the components previously identified. Teaching Implications There appear to be two critical pieces to establishing professor-student rapport. Students must perceive their instructor cares about their individual success/well-being, and is competent at creating an overall atmosphere conducive to engagement/learning.
Corruption and Misery Index in Nigeria: Is There a Link?
Authors: Akinlo A. Enisan 
Published: March 2022

The study examines the impact of the misery index on corruption in Nigeria over the period 1980–2018 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results confirm the long-run relationship between the misery index and corruption. Misery index increases corruption in both the short and long term, while economic growth reduces corruption in the long but not in the short-run period. The results show that the level of corruption is closely related to the country’s dire economic conditions. These findings suggest that inflation and unemployment rates need to be reduced in the country using the appropriate monetary and fiscal policies. Moreover, government efforts at increasing economic activity in the country will reduce the level of corruption, especially in the long run. JEL: C32, D73, E24, E31
Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Social Feminism and Women’s Suffrage: A Female–Male Net Nutrition Comparison using Differences- in-decompositions
Authors: Carson Scott Alan 
Published: March 2022

When other measures for economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, the body mass index (BMI) is a biological measure that reflects current net nutrition. This study uses a difference-in-decompositions framework to analyse how women’s BMIs varied with the advent of early twentieth century social feminism. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century US economic development improved the relative status of women relative to both men before and after the transition to social feminism. Twentieth century women’s BMIs were higher than nineteenth century women relative to men with the rise of social feminism. The primary source of female–male across-group variation was height and nativity, indicating that there was net nutritional progress for women relative to men associated with changing cumulative net nutrition. The primary source of female–male within-group variation was nativity and socioeconomic status, indicating that there was net nutritional progress relative to women born before the transition for women born after the rise of social feminism association with socioeconomic status. JEL Codes: C1, C4, D1, I1, N3
Clinical and hematological characteristics of 300 COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Hwaiz Rundk Ahmad , Zaki Abdullah Sahar Mohammed , Jalal Balaky Salah Tofik , Ali Katan Sabir , Merza Mohammed Yousif , Khailani Shakhawan Assad , Shabila Nazar Pauls 
Published: March 2022

Background COVID-19 primarily presents as a respiratory tract infection, but studies indicate that it could be considered a systemic disease that can spread to affect multiple organ systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, neurological, and immune systems. Objective To describe and analyze the clinical and hematological characteristics of 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Kurdistan. Methods This retrospective study included 300 patients of any age admitted to hospital due to confirmed COVID-19 between September 2020 and February 2021. Cases were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Results The highest proportion of patients were aged 21–40 years. The most common symptoms among the patients were myalgia (66.7%), fatigue (62.3%), headache (50.7%), and chest pain (52.7%). Differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed between deceased and recovered patients. Only the mid-range absolute count percentage (MID%) was significantly higher in the recovered patients than in the deceased ones (6.41% vs. 4.48, p = 0.019). Death was significantly higher among older patients (>40 years) than younger ones (≤40 years) (6.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.015), diabetic than non-diabetic (10.8% vs. 3%, p = 0.047), and those having chronic diseases than those without chronic diseases (10.6% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.006). Conclusions Different hematological and biochemical parameter findings were observed among the COVID-19 patients. Low MID%, older age, and presence of diabetes mellitus and chronic disease were significantly associated with death among COVID-19 patients.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Group Music Intervention in Memory Care Communities
Authors: Veal Britney M. , Dobbs Debra , Lee Soomi , Bugos Jennifer A. , Pyfrom Mary P. , Boddupalli Samantha , Lengacher Cecile A. , Meng Hongdao 
Published: March 2022

Music-based interventions have been shown to reduce behavioral expressions among persons with dementia. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a group music intervention to reduce agitation. Two memory care communities were recruited to participate in this single-arm mixed-methods study. The group music intervention program included a total of 12 sessions delivered over 4 weeks. Agitation was assessed quantitatively at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Qualitative interviews of memory care staff were conducted post-intervention. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and qualitative content analysis. The study sample ( N = 19) had a mean age of 82.74, and 73.7% were female. The great majority of participants completed the intervention and 63.2% experienced a reduction in agitation, suggesting that the intervention is feasible and acceptable in memory care and may be efficacious. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of the intervention in a randomized controlled trial.
The Relationship Between Light Exposure before Bedtime and Daytime Sleepiness Among People Living With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hwang Yeji , McPhillips Miranda V. , Talwar Sonia , Perez G. Adriana , Hodgson Nancy A. 
Published: March 2022

While sleep disturbances are common in people living with cognitive impairment, little is known about the influence of evening light exposure on their sleep. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between evening light exposure in natural living environment and daytime sleepiness in community residing people living with cognitive impairment. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the baseline data of the Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial. Actiwatch Spectrum Plus was used to collect information on the average white light intensity of 4 hours before sleep for three consecutive days. Multivariate regression analyses were used. Among 173 participants, the average light intensity during evening was 80.25 ± 123.04 lux. After controlling for covariates, greater intensity of light exposure during evening was related to excessive daytime sleepiness ( β = 0.211, p = .004). The results of our study suggest exposure to light during evening may disturb sleep and subsequently influence daytime sleepiness the following day.