bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies on Yield, Its Components, Quality Traits and Gall Midge Incidence in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sudhakar D. , Sreedhar S. , Suresh J. , Malathi S. 
Published: October 2022

Twenty-eight lines including 18 F1 plants, 9 parents, and one commercial were studied for estimation of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance at Agricultural Research Station, Kunaram. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied indicating the presence of a considerable amount of variability among the genotypes for yield and its components, quality traits and gall midge incidence. PCV values for the number of productive tillers per plant were significantly greater than GCV indicating highly sensitive to environmental changes. The GCV and PCV were high for the percentage of gall midge incidence, the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, and grain yield per plant, whereas, low for hulling percentage, head rice recovery, milling percentage, and kernel length. Additive gene action was predominant for Gall midge incidence, number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant and grain weight per 1000 grains as they registered high heritability coupled with high genetic advance values.
Assessment of Effectiveness of the Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room Scale in Emergency Department of Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt
Authors: Abdelaati Sarah Khaled , Abdelgeleel Nashwa M. , Zeid Ahmed El Sayed Abou , Ahmed Rasha M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: The Recognition of Stroke in The Emergency Room (ROSIER( scale has been designed to provide physicians in the emergency department with a framework which can be used to assess patients with suspected stroke and to facilitate early identification of acute stroke & appropriate referral.
Aims: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the ROSIER score in order to improve outcome of stoke patients.
Methodology: The current study was designed as a prospective cross sectional study that included Patients over 18 years of age with suspected stroke presenting at emergency department in Suez Canal university hospital.
Results: Patients with stroke formed about 65.2% of the patients with suspected stroke in the ER. Patients with stroke/ TIA were found to have significantly higher age compared to other patients (63.58 ±12.55 vs 39.18±11.12) (p<0.001). The most frequent comorbid diseases among patients were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. For ROSIER accuracy, a value of 1.00 or more was found to be the best cut-off point for prediction of stoke among patients attending with suspected stroke, with sensitivity = 98.3% and specificity = 87.5 % and accuracy= 94.5%.
Conclusion: The ROSIER scale is simple, rapid, effective and sensitive screening tool in early detection of patients presenting with stroke and differentiating stroke from stroke mimics in the emergency room.
Association of Intravenous Potassium and Magnesium Administration With Spontaneous Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cacioppo Filippo , Reisenbauer Denise , Herkner Harald , Oppenauer Julia , Schuetz Nikola , Niederdoeckl Jan , Schnaubelt Sebastian , Gupta Sophie , Lutnik Martin , Simon Alexander , Spiel Alexander O. , Buchtele Nina , Domanovits Hans , Laggner Anton N. , Schwameis Michael 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceWhether the simultaneous intravenous administration of potassium and magnesium is associated with the probability of spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm (SCV) in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess potassium and magnesium administration and SCV probability in AF and AFL in the emergency department.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA registry-based cohort study was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. All consecutive patients with AF or AFL were screened between February 6, 2009, and February 16, 2020.InterventionsIntravenous administration of potassium, 24 mEq, and magnesium, 145.8 mg.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the probability of SCV during the patient’s stay in the emergency department. Multivariable cluster-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between potassium and magnesium administration and the probability of SCV.ResultsA total of 2546 episodes of nonpermanent AF (median patient age, 68 [IQR, 58-75] years, 1411 [55.4%] men) and 573 episodes of nonpermanent AFL (median patient age, 68 [IQR, 58-75] years; 332 [57.9%] men) were observed. In AF episodes, intravenous potassium and magnesium administration vs no administration was associated with increased odds of SCV (19.2% vs 10.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.53-2.57). In AFL episodes, in contrast, no association was noted for the probability of SCV with potassium and magnesium vs no administration (13.0% vs 12.5%; OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.65-1.69).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this registry-based cohort study on intravenous administration of potassium and magnesium suggest an increased probability of SCV in nonpermanent AF, but not AFL, during a patients’ stay in the emergency department.
Adherence to the TQIP Palliative Care Guidelines Among Patients With Serious Illness at a Level I Trauma Center in the US
Authors: Pierce Jennifer Geiger , Ricon Rafael , Rukmangadhan Samveda , Kim Matthew , Rajasekar Ganesh , Nuño Miriam , Curtis Eleanor , Humphries Misty 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) guidelines encourage trauma service clinicians to deliver palliative care in parallel with life-sustaining treatment and recommend goals of care (GOC) discussions within 72 hours of admission for patients with serious illness.ObjectiveTo measure adherence to TQIP guidelines–recommended GOC discussions for trauma patients with serious illness, treated at a level I trauma center in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included 674 adults admitted to a trauma service center for 3 or more days between December 2019 and June 2020. The medical records of 486 patients who met the criteria for serious illness using a consensus definition adapted to the National Trauma Data Bank were reviewed for the presence of a GOC discussion. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on admission before or after the guidelines were incorporated into the institutional practice guidelines on March 1, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were GOC completion within 72 hours of admission and during the overall hospitalization. Patient and clinical factors associated with GOC completion were assessed. Other palliative care processes measured included palliative care consultation, prior advance care planning document, and do-not-resuscitate code status. Additional end-of-life processes (ie, comfort care and inpatient hospice) were measured in a subset with inpatient mortality.ResultsOf 674 patients meeting the review criteria, 486 (72.1%) met at least 1 definition of serious illness (mean [SD] age, 60.9 [21.3] years; mean [SD] Injury Severity Score, 16.9 [12.3]). Of these patients, 328 (67.5%) were male and 266 (54.7%) were White. Among the seriously ill patients, 92 (18.9%) had evidence of GOC completion within 72 hours of admission and 124 (25.5%) during the overall hospitalization. No differences were observed between patients admitted before and after institutional guideline publication in GOC completion within 72 hours (19.0% [47 of 248 patients] vs 18.9% [45 of 238]; P = .99) or during the overall hospitalization (26.2% [65 of 248 patients] vs 24.8% [59 of 238]; P = .72). After adjusting for age, GOC completion was found to be associated with the presence of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 6.42; 95% CI, 3.49-11.81) and meeting multiple serious illness criteria (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 2.25-7.38).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that, despite the presence of national guidelines, GOC discussions for patients with serious illness were documented infrequently. This study suggests a need for system-level interventions to ensure best practices and may inform strategies to measure and improve trauma service quality in palliative care.
Ratiometric Mechanoluminescence of Double‐Activator Doped Phosphatic Phosphors: Color‐Resolved Visualization of Stress‐Sensing and Quantified Evaluation for Sensing Performance
Authors: Zhou Su , Cheng Yao , Xu Ju , Lin Hang , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVisualized self‐powering stress sensing can be realized via mechanoluminescence (ML) materials due to their ability to convert mechanical stimulate into optical signals. Traditional ML‐intensity‐based stress‐sensing is susceptible to errors caused by unpredictable measurement circumstances, which can be significantly improved by a recently developed ratiometric ML sensing strategy. Herein, a series of dual‐activator phosphatic materials are designed to realize ratiometric ML. The linear dependence of mechanoluminescence intensity ratio (MLIR) on the applied force leads to an obvious variation in ML emission color upon different applied stress, and therefore enables a color‐resolved visualization of stress‐sensing. Specifically, an evaluating system is established to quantify the stress‐sensing performance of ratiometric ML materials for the first time, which is considered to be an important step toward the practical application of ratiometric ML‐based stress‐sensing.
Flexible ZnO Nanosheet‐Based Artificial Synapses Prepared by Low‐Temperature Process for High Recognition Accuracy Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang YiLong , Cao Minghui , Bian Jing , Li Qiang , Su Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn neuromorphic computing networks, a flexible synaptic memristor with high recognition accuracy is highly desired. In this study, ZnO nanosheets (ZnO NS) embedded within a polymethyl methacrylate host material are used as the intermediate layer to prepare flexible synaptic memristor at a low‐temperature of 80 °C. The device shows excellent switching characteristics with low SET/RESET voltages (−0.4 V/0.4 V) and stable retention characteristic (104 s). By modulating the conductance continuously, the flexible synaptic memristor simulates typical synaptic plasticities, including excitation post‐synaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and spike‐timing dependent plasticity. Especially, the neuromorphic system built from flexible ZnO NS‐based memristors achieves a high recognition accuracy up to 97.7% for handwriting digit. Under the influence of 5% Uniform noise and 5% Gaussian noise, recognition accuracies are maintained at 94.6% and 93.7%, respectively. These properties are well maintained even when bending 1000 times at a radius of 5 mm. The flexible ZnO NS‐based memristor shows great prospects in wearable devices and neural morphology calculation.
A Zn8 Double‐Cavity Metallacalix[8]arene as Molecular Sieve to Realize Self‐Cleaning Intramolecular Tandem Transformation of Li−S Chemistry
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu Tianyang , Xi Baojuan , Yuan Jia , Song Ning , Sun Di , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToward the well‐explored lithium−sulfur (Li−S) catalytic chemistry, the slow adsorption‐migration‐conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides on catalytic materials and Li2S deposition‐induced passivation of active sites limit the rapid and complete conversion of sulfur. Conceptively, molecular architectures can provide atom‐precise models to understand the underlying active sites responsible for selective adsorption and conversion of LiPSs and Li2S2/Li2S species. Here, an octanuclear Zn(II) (Zn8) cluster is presented, which features a metallacalix[8]arene with double cavities up and down the Zn8ring. The central Zn8ring and the specific double cavities with organic ligands of different electronegativity and bonding environments render active sites with variable steric hindrance and interaction toward the sulfur‐borne species. An intramolecular tandem transformation mechanism is realized exclusively by Zn8cluster, which promotes the self‐cleaning of active sites and continuous electrochemical reaction. Notably, the external azo groups and internal Zn/O sites of Zn8cluster in sequence stimulate the adsorption and conversion of long chain Li2Sx(x ≥ 4) and short chain Li2S/Li2S2, contributing to remarkable rate performance and cycling stability. This work pioneers the application of metallacalix[n]arene clusters with atom‐precise structure in Li−S batteries, and the proposed mechanism advances the molecule‐level understanding of Li−S catalytic chemistry.
Heterocycle Synthesis via Decarboxylative Cyclization Methods
Authors: Wang Cairong , Qiu Ge , Li Chen , Sun Kai , Wang Zhichuan , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarboxylic acid compounds are important structural units that exist widely in nature; the only byproduct in the decarboxylation process is carbon dioxide, which is non‐flammable, non‐toxic, and easy to remove. Therefore, decarboxylative reactions are of great importance in synthetic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds are important backbones that constitute a variety of biologically active molecules; therefore, research into the development of new synthetic tactics for heterocyclic derivatives based on decarboxylative cyclization is of great interest. In this paper, we describe metal‐catalyzed, visible light‐driven, electrochemically enabled, decarboxylative cyclization reactions, as well as other types, that have been rapidly developed in the past five years; moreover, for some of these methods, we discuss the scope of their application and the mechanism of the reaction.magnified image
Engineered Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Drug‐Immune Conjugates with “Hit and Run” Tumor Delivery to Eradicate Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Aragon‐Sanabria Virginia , Aditya Anusha , Marelli Marcello , Cao Tianye , Chen Feng , Yoo Barney , Ma Kai , Zhuang Li , Cailleau Thais , Masterson Luke , Turker Melik Z. , Lee Rachel , DeLeon Gabriel , Monette Sebastien , Colombo Raffaele , Christie Ronald J. , Zanzonico Pat , Wiesner Ulrich , Subramony J. Anand , Bradbury Michelle S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite advances by recently approved antibody‐drug conjugates in treating advanced gastric cancer patients, substantial limitations remain. Here, several key obstacles are overcome by developing a first‐in‐class ultrasmall (sub‐8‐nanometer (nm)) anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeting drug‐immune conjugate nanoparticle therapy. This multivalent fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticle bears multiple anti‐HER2 single‐chain variable fragments (scFv), topoisomerase inhibitors, and deferoxamine moieties. Most surprisingly, drawing upon its favorable physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, clearance, and target‐specific dual‐modality imaging properties in a “hit and run” approach, this conjugate eradicated HER2‐expressing gastric tumors without any evidence of tumor regrowth, while exhibiting a wide therapeutic index. Therapeutic response mechanisms are accompanied by the activation of functional markers, as well as pathway‐specific inhibition. Results highlight the potential clinical utility of this molecularly engineered particle drug‐immune conjugate and underscore the versatility of the base platform as a carrier for conjugating an array of other immune products and payloads.
Sample processing impacts on single wet sieve aggregate stability analysis
Authors: Garcia Glenn Arthur , Warren Jason G. , Abit Sergio , Garcia Chime , Flusche Ogden Grace 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil aggregate stability is widely considered an indicator of soil health. However, there is a lack of test procedure standardization for this soil property. Presently, air‐drying and manual grinding are commonly used in preparing samples for testing, which are time‐consuming and labor intensive. This study evaluated oven‐drying (65 °C) aggregates and processing by either disk or flail mechanical grinders as a way to improve efficiency of conducting aggregate stability analysis as compared with air drying and manual grinding. Surface soil samples were collected from forest, grassland, no‐till, and cultivated areas across 22 fields in Oklahoma with textures ranging from sandy loam to clay loam. The stable fractions of oven‐dried samples were highly correlated to the results of the analysis that used air‐drying. The stable fractions of mechanically ground samples were also highly correlated with manually ground samples. Oven‐drying in combination with either of the grinding methods is a suitable way of improving the efficiency of soil aggregate stability analysis.
Exploring the Charge Dynamics and Energy Loss in Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Cheng , Lin Xia , Wang Yixiao , Feng Guanqun , Ling Chenxi , Liu Jiale , Du Jiankang , Xiao Xufeng , Wang Xi , Zeng Peng , Liu Mingzhen , Liang Wenxi , Hu Yue , Han Hongwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrintable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs) show great potential for commercialization, but little research has been devoted to understanding the dynamics of photogenerated carriers in this type of cell, limiting their further performance improvements. Herein, two techniques with complementary time scales were used, namely transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL), to quantify the processes of carrier recombination, diffusion, and extraction in p‐MPSCs. It is found that the carrier diffusion in mesoscopic samples should not be neglected at the time scale monitored by TRPL, and thus the diffusion‐recombination model is more suitable compared to the simplified carrier recombination model usually used in interpreting the data of TAS and TRPL. As a result, the calculated carrier diffusion length within the perovskite filled in the mesoscopic scaffold is up to 5.48 µm. This also demonstrates that the hole transport layer is not necessary for p‐MPSCs. In addition, the relationship between the maximum quasi‐Fermi energy level splitting and the bulk recombination coefficient within perovskite is determined through calculations. This study takes an important step toward establishing the relationship between the mesoscopic structure, carrier dynamics, and device performance of p‐MPSCs.
Aggregates of fluorescent gels assembled by interfacial dynamic bonds
Authors: Hu Ziqing , Xu Shaoyu , Zhang Hanwei , Ji Xiaofan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLife, defined as the specific form of substance, is an integration of aggregates at various scales, ranging from single molecules to tissues. However, these building blocks of common aggregates are usually recognized as confining at the microscopic level, while there are few studies focusing on macroscopic building blocks for aggregates. Fluorescent gels, as the important macroscopic building blocks, are drawing researchers’ attention on account of their extraordinary fluorescence as well as soft material properties. Inspired by nature, fluorescent gels can be aggregated through interfacial adhesion. According to the driving forces for interfacial adhesion, a series of aggregates of fluorescent gels (AFGs) was summarized, including H‐bond, metal coordinations, host‐guest interactions, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, dynamic covalent bonds as well as multiple driving forces. These AFGs own dynamic assembled behaviors and rich stimuli responsiveness, which could be applied to information storage, sensing, biomedical systems, and so on. The authors anticipate this review can accelerate the development of aggregate science, especially based on macroscopic building blocks.
Japanese rapid/living recommendations on drug management for COVID‐19: updated guidelines (July 2022)
Authors: Yamakawa Kazuma , Yamamoto Ryo , Terayama Takero , Hashimoto Hideki , Ishihara Tadashi , Ishimaru Go , Imura Haruki , Okano Hiromu , Narita Chihiro , Mayumi Takuya , Yasuda Hideto , Yamada Kohei , Yamada Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Shime Nobuaki , Doi Kent , Egi Moritoki , Ogura Hiroshi , Aihara Morio , Kushimoto Shigeki , Nishida Osamu ,   Special Committee of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J‐SSCG 2020), the COVID‐19 Task Force
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19), an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread worldwide since early 2020, and there are still no signs of resolution. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J‐SSCG) 2020 Special Committee created the Japanese Rapid/Living recommendations on drug management for COVID‐19 using the experience of creating the J‐SSCG.MethodsThe Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the certainty of the evidence and strength of recommendations. The first edition of this guideline was released on September 9, 2020, and this is the revised edition (version 5.0; released on July 15, 2022). Clinical questions (CQs) were set for the following 10 drugs: favipiravir (CQ1), remdesivir (CQ2), corticosteroids (CQ4), tocilizumab (CQ5), anticoagulants (CQ7), baricitinib (CQ8), casirivimab/imdevimab (CQ9‐1), sotrovimab (CQ9‐2), molnupiravir (CQ10), and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (CQ11).RecommendationsFavipiravir is not suggested for all patients with COVID‐19 (GRADE 2C). Remdesivir is suggested for patients with mild COVID‐19 who do not require oxygen, and patients with moderate COVID‐19 requiring supplemental oxygen/hospitalization (both GRADE 2B). Corticosteroids are recommended for moderate and severe COVID‐19 (GRADE 1B, 1A). However, their administration is not recommended for mild COVID‐19 (GRADE 1B). Tocilizumab is suggested for moderate and severe COVID‐19 (GRADE 2B, 2C). Anticoagulant administration is recommended for moderate and severe COVID‐19 (Good Practice Statement). Baricitinib is suggested for moderate and severe COVID‐19 (both GRADE 2C). Casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab are recommended for mild COVID‐19 (both GRADE 2C). Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir are recommended for mild COVID‐19 (both GRADE 2C). SARS‐CoV‐2 mutant strains emerge occasionally, and each time, the treatment policy at clinics is forced to change drastically. We ask health‐care professionals in the field to refer to the recommendations in these guidelines and use these to keep up to date with COVID‐19 epidemiological information.
Unveiling the “Proton Lubricant” Chemistry in Aqueous Zinc‐MoS2 Batteries
Authors: Li Shengwei , Huang Chao , Gao Lei , Shen Qiuyu , Li Ping , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProton insertion chemistry in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is becoming a research hotspot owing to its fast kinetics and additional capacities. However, H+ storage mechanism has not been deciphered in the popular MoS2‐based AZIBs. Herein, we innovatively prepared a MoS2/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (MoS2/PEDOT) hybrid, where the intercalated PEDOT not only increases the interlayer spacing (from 0.62 to 1.29 nm) and electronic conductivity of MoS2, but also activates the proton insertion chemistry. Thus, highly efficient and reversible H+/Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction behaviors are demonstrated for the first time in aqueous Zn‐MoS2 batteries. More intriguingly, the co‐inserted protons can act as lubricants to effectively shield the electrostatic interactions between MoS2/PEDOT host and divalent Zn2+, enabling the accelerated ion‐diffusion kinetics and exceptional rate performance. This work proposes a new concept of “proton lubricant” driving Zn2+ transport and broadens the horizons of Zn‐MoS2 batteries.