bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary malignancies in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: 40 years of follow‐up assessed by treatment modality
Authors: Parsons Matthew W. , Rock Calvin , Chipman Jonathan J. , Shah Harsh R. , Hu Boyu , Stephens Deborah M. , Tao Randa , Tward Jonathan D. , Gaffney David K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have increased secondary malignancy (SM) risk. We quantified this risk by patient and treatment factors.MethodsStandardized incidence ratios (SIR, observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio) were assessed in 142,637 NHL patients diagnosed from 1975 to 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Comparisons were made between subgroups in terms of their SIRs relative to respective endemic populations.ResultsIn total, 15,979 patients developed SM, more than the endemic rate (O/E 1.29; p < 0.05). Compared with white patients, relative to respective endemic populations, ethnic minorities had a higher risk of SM (white O/E 1.27, 95% CI 1.25–1.29; black O/E 1.40, 95% CI 1.31–1.48; other O/E 1.59, 95% CI 1.49–1.70). Relative to respective endemic populations, patients who received radiotherapy had similar SM rates to those who did not (O/E 1.29 each), but irradiated patients had increased breast cancer (p < 0.05). Patients who received chemotherapy had higher SM rates than those who did not (O/E 1.33 vs. 1.24, p < 0.05) including more leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney, pancreas, rectal, head and neck, and colon cancers (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis is the largest study to examine SM risk in NHL patients with the longest follow‐up. Treatment with radiotherapy did not increase overall SM risk, while chemotherapy was associated with a higher overall risk. However, certain subsites were associated with a higher risk of SM, and they varied by treatment, age group, race and time since treatment. These findings are helpful for informing screening and long‐term follow‐up in NHL survivors.
A Hybrid Structural Method for Investigating Low Molecular Weight Oligomeric Structures of Amyloid Beta
Authors: Gupta Sayan , Raskatov Jevgenij A. , Ralston Corie Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpurred in part by the failure of recent therapeutics targeting amyloid β plaques in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), attention is increasingly turning to the oligomeric forms of this peptide that form early in the aggregation process. However, while numerous amyloid β fibril structures have been characterized, primarily by NMR spectroscopy and cryo‐EM, obtaining structural information on the low molecular weight forms of amyloid β that presumably precede and/or seed fibril formation has proved challenging. These transient forms are heterogeneous, and depend heavily on experimental conditions such as buffer, temperature, concentration, and degree of quiescence during measurement. Here, we present the concept for a new approach to delineating structural features of early‐stage low molecular weight amyloid β oligomers, using a solvent accessibility assay in conjunction with simultaneous fluorescence measurements.
N‐Glycan Engineering: Constructing the N−GlcNAc Stump
Authors: Wu Qifan , Dong Suwei , Xuan Weimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractN‐Glycosylation is often essential for the structure and function of proteins. However, N‐glycosylated proteins from natural sources exhibit considerable heterogeneity in the appended oligosaccharides, bringing daunting challenges to corresponding basic research and therapeutic applications. To address this issue, various synthetic, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches have been elegantly designed. Utilizing the endoglycosidase‐catalyzed transglycosylation method, a single N‐acetylglucosamine (N‐GlcNAc, analogous to a tree stump) on proteins can be converted to various homogeneous N‐glycosylated forms, thereby becoming the focus of research efforts. In this concept article, we briefly introduce the methods that allow the generation of N‐GlcNAc and its close analogues on proteins and peptides and highlight the current challenges and opportunities the scientific community is facing.
Cancer in Amphibia, a rare phenomenon?
Authors: Torres‐Dimas Esteban , Cruz‐Ramírez Alfredo , Bermúdez‐Cruz Rosa María 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompared to other animals, the spontaneous occurrence of tumors in wild amphibians is relatively rare, generally limited to specific populations or species. The number of reports of spontaneous tumors in amphibians known up to 1986 was 491 cases in anurans and about 253 cases in urodeles. Similarly, there have been many, unsuccessful attempts to chemically or biologically induce tumors in amphibians. With these considerations, it is inevitable to wonder: do urodeles and anurans have an inherent resistance to cancer? Here, we review the spontaneous and induced occurrence of tumors in amphibians in a timeline, as well as failed attempts to induce tumors in these amphibians. Indeed, recent studies seem to indicate that there is a relationship between regeneration and cancer because regenerating tissues seem to resist tumorigenesis, as opposed to nonregenerative tissues of the same amphibian models. Although the mechanisms that allow regenerating tissues to resist tumorigenesis have not been elucidated, it is worth to note that, in addition to the apparent relationship between regeneration and cancer, amphibians possess characteristics that could contribute to their ability to resist the development of neoplastic events. The implications of these features in cancer susceptibility are discussed.
Influence of the Coordinated Transition Metal Ion on Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide Based Complexes with Imino Nitroxide Biradical Ligands
Authors: Xi Lu , Jin Chaoyi , Song Hongwei , Wang Xiaotong , Xie Junfang , Ma Yue , Tang Jinkui , Li Licun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn spite of achievement of a lot of Ln‐radical SMMs, how to improve magnetic behavior of Ln‐radical system remains challenging. Here, two series of Ln‐radical complexes have successfully been built using an imino nitroxide biradical, namely, [Ln2(hfac)6(ImPhPyobis)2] (LnIII=Gd 1, Tb 2, Dy 3) and [Ln2Cu2(hfac)10(ImPhPyobis)2] (LnIII=Gd 4, Dy 5; hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate and ImPhPyobis=5‐(4‐oxypyridinium‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐bis(1’‐oxyl‐4’,4’,5’,5’‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐hydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzene). For these biradical‐metal complexes, two imino nitroxide biradicals bind two Ln(III) ions via their oxygen atoms coming from 4‐oxypyridinium units to produce a binuclear {Ln2O2} unit. Those imino nitroxide groups are free for complexes 1–3, however one of imino nitroxide groups of the biradical is ligated to the copper(II) ion for complexes 4 and 5. The distinct magnetic relaxation behaviors are observed for two Dy derivatives, as revealed by ac magnetic studies: complex 3 presents one magnetic process with the effective energy barrier(Ueff) of 74.0 K while complex 5 exhibits dual relaxation processes with Ueff values for the fast‐ and slow‐relaxation being 20.2 K and 30.9 K, respectively, which implies that the second coordination sphere of Dy ion plays a critical role for magnetic relaxation.
Tuning Electronic Structures of Carbazole‐Cyanostyrene Molecules to Achieve Dual‐State Emission for Trace Water Analysis, Picric Acid Sensing, and Reversible Mechanofluorochromism
Authors: Xue Jie , Tang Fang , Wang Chengyuan , Yang Jiaxiang , Ding Aixiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDual‐state emissive (DSE) materials with efficient emission both in solution and in the solid state can be used in complex environments. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of DSE materials by finely tuning the electronic structures of luminogens. Four carbazole‐cyanostyrene compounds with different terminal groups, i. e., CZ‐Ph‐H without additional substituent, CZ‐Ph‐TA with an N,N‐dimethylamino functional group, CZ‐Ph‐CN with a cyano group, and CZ‐Ph‐TB with a t‐butyl group, have been synthesized and their photophysical properties are fully investigated by spectroscopic studies, theoretical calculations, and crystallographic analysis. Interestingly, while CZ‐Ph‐H, CZ‐Ph‐CN, and CZ‐Ph‐TB are aggregation‐induced emissive (AIE) molecules only showing strong emission in the aggregated states (aggregate suspension and solid powder), CZ‐Ph‐TA is a DSE molecule showing strong emission in both dilute solution and aggregated states. In addition, CZ‐Ph‐TA could serve as a fluorescent probe for trace water analysis in organic solvents and picric acid (PA) detection in both dilute solution and aggregate suspension. CZ‐Ph‐TA also exhibits reversible mechanofluorochromism with a spectral shift of 21 nm. The synthesis of the N,N‐dimethylamino‐substituted molecule with excellent photophysical properties represents an important attempt to achieve DSE by finely tuning the electronic structures of molecules.
Tooth size discrepancy in orthodontic patients with skeletal anterior open bite
Authors: Al Maaitah Emad F. , Al‐Madani Nada , Abu Alhaija Elham S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.MethodA total of 100 Class I subjects were included in this study (average age 15.21 ± 2.84 years). Fifty patients had skeletal AOB (>3 mm) and 50 subjects acted as controls and had a normal overbite. Teeth mesio‐distal widths were measured using a digital caliper. Anterior, overall, and posterior TSD ratios were calculated. An independent t‐test was employed to assess differences between groups and between genders. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.ResultsSignificant differences in anterior (p = .038) and posterior (p = .015) TSD ratios were detected. In the skeletal AOB group, no significant gender differences were detected (p > .05), whereas in the normal bite and total sample group, males had smaller posterior teeth compared to females (p < .05). All the differences were smaller than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. No significant correlation was found between the amount of AOB and TSD ratios (p > .05).ConclusionsSkeletal AOB had larger anterior and smaller posterior mandibular teeth, but the differences were less than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. Males have smaller mandibular posterior teeth than females. The amount of AOB is not correlated with the TSD ratios.
FAM135B sustains the reservoir of Tip60‐ATM assembly to promote DNA damage response
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Qingnan , Liu Wenzhong , Wang Yan , Zhao Lianmei , Chen Jie , Liu Haoyu , Liu Siqi , Li Jinting , Zhang Weimin , Zhan Qimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the mechanism by which cells adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses has received considerable attention. Tat‐interactive protein 60‐kDa/ataxia–telangiectasia‐mutated (TIP60/ATM) axis‐mediated DNA damage response (DDR) is vital for maintaining genomic integrity.MethodsProtein levels were detected by western blot, protein colocalisation was examined by immunofluorescence (IF) and protein interactions were measured by co‐immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay and GST pull‐down assays. Flow cytometry, comet assay and IF assays were used to explore the biological functions of sequence similarity 135 family member B (FAM135B) in DDR. Xenograft tumour, FAM135B transgenic mouse models and immunohistochemistry were utilised to confirm in vitro observations.ResultsWe identified a novel DDR regulator FAM135B which could protect cancer cells from genotoxic stress in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of FAM135B promoted the removal of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci, whereas the elimination of FAM135B attenuated these effects. Consistently, our findings revealed that FAM135B could promote homologous recombination and non‐homologous end‐joining repairs. Further study demonstrated that FAM135B physically bound to the chromodomain of TIP60 and improved its histone acetyltransferase activity. Moreover, FAM135B enhanced the interactions between TIP60 and ATM under resting conditions. Intriguingly, the protein levels of FAM135B dramatically decreased following DNA damage stress but gradually increased during the DNA repair period. Thus, we proposed a potential DDR mechanism where FAM135B sustains a reservoir of pre‐existing TIP60‐ATM assemblies under resting conditions. Once cancer cells suffer DNA damage, FAM135B is released from TIP60, and the functioning pre‐assembled TIP60‐ATM complex participates in DDR.Conclusions: We characterised FAM135B as a novel DDR regulator and further elucidated the role of the TIP60‐ATM axis in response to DNA damage, which suggests that targeting FAM135B in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy could be a potentially effective approach for cancer treatment.
High‐gain broadband ENZ metasurface‐based RF lens with gradient refractive index for microwave and millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Narjala Sri Pravallika , V R Anitha , K RamaNaidu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryDesign, simulation and measurement of a broadband epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) metasurface‐based gradient refractive index (GRIN) Luneberg lens has been presented with different antennas demonstrating gain enhancement and producing highly directive beams. The unit‐cell meta‐structure consists of a conducting ring with monopoles at 45°. The horizontal radius of the conducting ring is varied to vary the refractive index of the structure. Unit cells with varying refractive index are arranged in a 2D plane to produce a planar Luneberg lens structure. The lens is demonstrated to produce a gain improvement of 6–13.2 dBi for different configurations and different antennas including a microstrip patch antenna and horn antenna both in simulation and measurement while maintaining the total efficiency of the antenna being used with the lens.
The factor structure and validity of a diagnostic interview for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Cooper‐Vince Christine E. , Nwaka Chika , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita , Hadaway Natalia A. , Becker Kendra R. , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Cooke Lucy , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Thomas Jennifer J. , Micali Nadia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is a paucity of validated diagnostic interviews for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to aid identification and classification of cases for both clinical and research purposes. To evaluate the factor structure, construct validity, and criterion validity of the Pica ARFID and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI; ARFID module), we administered the PARDI to 129 children and adolescents ages 9–23 years (M = 16.1) with ARFID (n = 84), subclinical ARFID (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 34).MethodWe used exploratory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the PARDI in children, adolescents, and young adults with an ARFID diagnosis, the Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance and Spearman correlations to test the construct validity of the measure, and non‐parametric receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the criterion validity of the PARDI.ResultsExploratory factor analysis yielded a 3‐factor structure: (1) concern about aversive consequences of eating, (2) low appetite/low interest in food, and (3) sensory sensitivity. Participants with ARFID demonstrated significantly higher levels of sensory sensitivity, low appetite/low‐food interest, and concern about aversive consequences of eating symptoms relative to control participants. The construct validity for each PARDI subscale was supported and clinical cutoffs for the low appetite/low interest in food (1.1) and sensory sensitivity subscales (0.6) were established.DiscussionThese data present evidence for the factor structure and validity of the PARDI diagnostic interview for diagnosing ARFID in children, adolescents, and young adults, supporting the use of this tool to facilitate ARFID clinical assessment and research.Public SignificanceDue to the paucity of validated diagnostic interviews for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), we evaluated the factor structure and validity of the Pica ARFID and Rumination Disorder Interview (ARFID module). Findings suggest that the interview assesses 3 components of ARFID: concern about aversive consequences of eating, low‐appetite, and sensory sensitivity, and that clinical threshold scores on the latter two subscales can be used to advance ARFID assessment.
Evolution of tributary junctions and their capacity for rearing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on a regulated river
Authors: Buxton Todd H. , Bradley D. Nathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Trinity River in northern California was adjusting to unregulated flood and mining impacts when it was dammed and flow regulation began in 1960. We examine the subsequent evolution of the river's alluvial channel through 60 years of increases in regulated mainstem flow regimes in an unconfined and confined valley where Rush and Indian creeks respectively join the river 6.9 and 26.7 river kilometres from Lewiston Dam. The resulting capacity of the tributary junctions for rearing Chinook salmon fry in the current flow regime is evaluated with an empirical model developed for the Trinity River. Results indicate that morphologic changes at Indian Creek were relatively minor after damming because mainstem flows were restricted to a narrow channel in comparison to the channel at Rush Creek. Conversely, active channel and bar areas significantly declined at Rush Creek because the mainstem sediment supply was more severely reduced by flow regulation that enabled riparian vegetation to colonize the expansive alluvial surfaces that were present. These changes reduced instream habitat, suggesting salmon populations in large valleys may be at higher risk below dams than in smaller valleys where the reduced flow is confined to an already narrow channel. However, the relatively wide and unconfined valley responded more positively to increases in flow and sediment through the regulatory periods to yield significantly higher capacities for rearing Chinook fry. Therefore, while unconfined reaches may be particularly susceptible to change when a river is dammed, they may also provide the greatest opportunity for restoration of salmon populations.
Evaluation of the water conservation capacity of the Weihe River Basin based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Bo , Ma Bin , Yao Rongpeng , Wang Libing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Weihe River Basin has the worst soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the water conservation capacity in the Weihe River Basin is of great significance to the Yellow River Basin and the Loess Plateau. In this study, the volume of the water conservation in the Weihe River Basin is estimated based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model, and the water conservation capacity of the basin is measured after excluding the influence of rainfall and evapotranspiration. The results show that from 1987 to 2019, the water conservation in the Weihe River Basin showed an overall trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The increasing trend of water conservation is greater than that of water production. The water conservation in the Weihe River Basin decreased to the lowest in 2005 and increased to the highest in 2019. Spatially, the water conservation volume is large in the south and west and small in the north and east. The water conservation volumes increase in the middle reaches of the Weihe River, the source of the Weihe River and the Jinghe River Basin. The overall capacity of the water yield and water conservation in the Weihe River Basin shows the same increasing trend. The projects of returning farms to forests and ecological management contribute to improving the water conservation capacity in the Weihe River Basin.
Genotypic‐specific heat shock response of vector susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Spaan Johannie M. , Leavitt Nathaniel , Shen Jessica , Bundy Taylor , Burrows Lillian , Ingram Christopher , Maehara Thomas R. , Ndungu Ibrahim , Mutuku Martin , Owino George , Odiere Maurice , Steinauer Michelle L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLiving organisms are vulnerable to thermal stress, which causes a diversity of physiological outcomes. Previous work has shown that the snail vectors (Biomphalaria glabrata) of an important human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni, revert from resistant to susceptible after short exposure to a heat stress as low as 31°C; however, due to lack of replicability among labs and genetic lines of snails, it has been hypothesized that this effect is genotype dependent. We examined the effects of heat shock on the resistance of two species of snail vectors including B. glabrata and Biomphalaria sudanica. We used three different inbred laboratory snail lines in addition to the F1 generation of field‐collected snails from Lake Victoria, Kenya, an area with high levels of schistosomiasis transmission. Our results showed marginal effects of heat shock on prevalence of infection in B. glabrata, and that this response was genotype specific. We found no evidence of a heat shock effect on prevalence of infection in B. sudanica or on intensity of infection (number of infectious stages shed) in either snail species. Such environmentally influenced defense responses stress the importance of considering this unique interaction between snail and parasite genotypes in determining infection dynamics under climate changes.