bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and bridges for sustaining functional habitat networks: A macroecological system analysis of wet grassland landscapes
Authors: Angelstam Per , Manton Michael , Stjernquist Ingrid , Gunnarsson Tómas Grétar , Ottvall Richard , Rosenberg Mats , Thorup Ole , Wedholm Per , Elts Jaanus , Gruberts Davis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims at supporting the maintenance of representative functional habitat networks as green infrastructure for biodiversity conservation through transdisciplinary macroecological analyses of wet grassland landscapes and their stewardship systems. We chose ten north European wet grassland case study landscapes from Iceland and the Netherlands in the west to Lithuania and Belarus in the east. We combine expert experiences for 20–30 years, comparative studies made 2011–2017, and longitudinal analyses spanning >70 years. Wader, or shorebird, (Charadrii) assemblages were chosen as a focal species group. We used evidence‐based knowledge and practical experience generated in three steps. (1) Experts from 8 wet grassland landscapes in northern Europe's west and east mapped factors linked to patterns and processes, and management and governance, in social‐ecological systems that affect states and trends of wet grasslands as green infrastructures for wader birds. (2) To understand wader conservation problems and their dynamic in wet grassland landscapes, and to identify key issues for successful conservation, we applied group modeling using causal loop diagram mapping. (3) Validation was made using the historic development in two additional wet grassland landscapes. Wader conservation was dependent on ten dynamically interacting ecological and social system factors as leverage points for management. Re‐wetting and grazing were common drivers for the ecological and social system, and long‐term economic support for securing farmers’ interest in wader bird conservation. Financial public incentives at higher levels of governance of wetland management are needed to stimulate private income loops. Systems analysis based on contrasting landscape case studies in space and over time can support (1) understanding of complex interactions in social‐ecological systems, (2) collaborative learning in individual wet grassland landscapes, and (3) formulation of priorities for conservation, management, and restoration.
Population differentiation and intraspecific genetic admixture in twoEucryptorrhynchusweevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) across northern China
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jie , Song Wei , Cao Li‐Jun , Chen Jin‐Cui , Hoffmann Ary A. , Wen Jun‐Bao , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasing damage of pests in agriculture and forestry can arise both as a consequence of changes in local species and through the introduction of alien species. In this study, we used population genetics approaches to examine population processes of two pests of the tree‐of‐heaven trunk weevil (TTW),Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold) and the tree‐of‐heaven root weevil (TRW),E. scrobiculatus(Motschulsky) on the tree‐of‐heaven across their native range of China. We analyzed the population genetics of the two weevils based on ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Population genetic diversity analysis showed strong population differentiation among populations of each species, withFSTranges from 0.0197 to 0.6650 and from −0.0724 to 0.6845, respectively. Populations from the same geographic areas can be divided into different genetic clusters, and the same genetic cluster contained populations from different geographic populations, pointing to dispersal of the weevils possibly being human‐mediated. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could account for 93.94% and 29.70% of the explained genetic variance in TTW, and 41.90% and 55.73% of the explained genetic variance in TRW, respectively, indicating possible impacts of local climates on population genetic differentiation. Our study helps to uncover population genetic processes of these local pest species with relevance to control methods.
IIb‐RAD‐sequencing coupled with random forest classification indicates regional population structuring and sex‐specific differentiation in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
Authors: Guragain Prashanna , Båtnes Anna Solvang , Zobolas John , Olsen Yngvar , Bones Atle M. , Winge Per 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aquaculture industry has been dealing with salmon lice problems forming serious threats to salmonid farming. Several treatment approaches have been used to control the parasite. Treatment effectiveness must be optimized, and the systematic genetic differences between subpopulations must be studied to monitor louse species and enhance targeted control measures. We have used IIb‐RAD sequencing in tandem with a random forest classification algorithm to detect the regional genetic structure of the Norwegian salmon lice and identify important markers for sex differentiation of this species. We identified 19,428 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 95 individuals of salmon lice. These SNPs, however, were not able to distinguish the differential structure of lice populations. Using the random forest algorithm, we selected 91 SNPs important for geographical classification and 14 SNPs important for sex classification. The geographically important SNP data substantially improved the genetic understanding of the population structure and classified regional demographic clusters along the Norwegian coast. We also uncovered SNP markers that could help determine the sex of the salmon louse. A large portion of the SNPs identified to be under directional selection was also ranked highly important by random forest. According to our findings, there is a regional population structure of salmon lice associated with the geographical location along the Norwegian coastline.
A dormant T‐cell population with autoimmune potential exhibits low self‐reactivity and infiltrates islets in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kong Yuelin , Jing Yi , Allard Denise , Scavuzzo Marissa A. , Sprouse Maran L. , Borowiak Malgorzata , Bettini Matthew L. , Bettini Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contribution of low‐affinity T cells to autoimmunity in the context of polyclonal T‐cell responses is understudied due to the limitations in their capture by tetrameric reagents and low level of activation in response to antigenic stimulation. As a result, low‐affinity T cells are often disregarded as nonantigen‐specific cells irrelevant to the immune response. Our study aimed to assess how the level of self‐antigen reactivity shapes T‐cell lineage and effector responses in the context of spontaneous tissue‐specific autoimmunity observed in NOD mice. Using multicolor flow cytometry in combination with Nur77GFP reporter of TCR signaling, we identified a dormant population of T cells that infiltrated the pancreatic islets of prediabetic NOD mice, which exhibited reduced levels of self‐tissue reactivity based on expression of CD5 and Nur77GFP. We showed that these CD5low T cells had a unique TCR repertoire and exhibited low activation and minimal effector function; however, induced rapid diabetes upon transfer. The CD4+CD5low T‐cell population displayed transcriptional signature of central memory T cells, consistent with the ability to acquire effector function post‐transfer. Transcriptional profile of CD5low T cells was similar to T cells expressing a low‐affinity TCR, indicating TCR affinity to be an important factor in shaping CD5low T‐cell phenotype and function at the tissue site. Overall, our study suggests that autoimmune tissue can maintain a reservoir of undifferentiated central memory‐like autoreactive T cells with pathogenic effector potential that might be an important source for effector T cells during long‐term chronic autoimmunity.
Application of morphological characteristics of radiofrequency lesions to individual parameters of thermal rhizolysis for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Massager Nicolas , Pouleau Henri‐Benjamin , Jodaïtis Alexandre , Morelli Daniele 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThermic rhizolysis is a reliable therapy for pharmaco‐resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Temperature, duration of electrocautery and needle location can influence the efficacy and complications of the therapy.MethodsWe performed experimental thermocautery on egg white with increasing parameters of time (30–120 s) and temperature (60–95°C); we analysed the shape, size and volume of the thermic lesions produced. We developed a surgical procedure to assess peroperatively the probable thermocoagulation field and its geometric relations with the trigeminal roots and other anatomical structures of Meckel's cave, and we individually adapted the parameters of rhizolysis to optimize the results. This procedure was applied on 22 patients with TN.ResultsThe volume of the lesions produced by rhizolysis on egg white had a spheroidal shape and increased linearly with the level of temperature and the time of electrocautery from 1.595 mm3(SD 0.38) to 54.454 mm3(SD 10.41); higher temperatures induced larger thermocoagulation fields than longer time periods. The calculated volumes measured at all levels of temperature and time were applied in vivo on the patient stereotactic planning during the thermocoagulation procedure in order to select the optimal parameters for rhizolysis. The median values used were 75°C (range 70–85°C) and 60 s (range 45–60 s). At 6‐month follow‐up, pain outcome was Barrow‐Neurological‐Institute class‐I for 72.7%, IIIa for 22.7% and IIIb for 4.6%; the only complication due to rhizolysis was mild facial numbness in 13 subjects (59%) at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionWe conclude that geometric analysis of the position of the electrode before trigeminal thermocoagulation with morphometric‐related individual adaptation of treatment parameters could avoid serious injuries and optimize pain control.SignificanceWe have adapted the technique of radiofrequency rhizolysis for TN. Our procedure allows individual peroperative adaptation of the parameters of thermocoagulation, according to the specific position of the electrode during rhizolysis. Preliminary results on a series of 22 patients have shown promising results.
Influence of oxygen concentration on the metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Janoska Agnes , Verheijen Jelle J. , Tang Wenjung , Lee Queenie , Sikkema Baukje , van Gulik Walter M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn large‐scale bioreactors, there is often insufficient mixing and as a consequence, cells experience uneven substrate and oxygen levels that influence product formation. In this study, the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) gradients on the primary and secondary metabolism of a high producing industrial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum was investigated. Within a wide range of DO concentrations, obtained under chemostat conditions, we observed different responses from P. chrysogenum: (i) no influence on growth or penicillin production (>0.025 mmol L−1); (ii) reduced penicillin production, but no growth limitation (0.013–0.025 mmol L−1); and (iii) growth and penicillin production limitations (<0.013 mmol L−1). In addition, scale down experiments were performed by oscillating the DO concentration in the bioreactor. We found that during DO oscillation, the penicillin production rate decreased below the value observed when a constant DO equal to the average oscillating DO value was used. To understand and predict the influence of oxygen levels on primary metabolism and penicillin production, we developed a black box model that was linked to a detailed kinetic model of the penicillin pathway. The model simulations represented the experimental data during the step experiments; however, during the oscillation experiments the predictions deviated, indicating the involvement of the central metabolism in penicillin production.
Combined effects of calcium‐alginate coating and Artemisia fragrance essential oil on chicken breast meat quality
Authors: Alirezalu Kazem , Moazami‐Goodarzi Amir Hossein , Roufegarinejad Leila , Yaghoubi Milad , Lorenzo Jose M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of calcium‐alginate (CA) containing Artemisia fragrance essential oils (AFEOs) as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial coating on quality attributes and shelf life of chicken meat throughout keeping period (4°C). Five treatments were produced as follows: T1 (distilled water as control), T2 (2% CA), T3 (2% CA +500 ppm AFEOs), T4 (2% CA +1000 ppm AFEOs), and T5 (2% CA +1500 ppm AFEOs). The chicken meats packaged in polyethylene bags at atmospheric condition and physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties were assessed at days 1, 4, 8, and 12. There was no remarkable difference in proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, and fat) of meat samples by treating with CA or AFEOs. The results revealed that CA +AFEOs coating reduced significantly the pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values and also displayed higher contents of the total phenolic content (TPC) and redness value when compared with control. According to results, 2% CA +1500 ppm AFEOs reduced 58.3 (mg MDA (malondialdehyde)/kg) and 0.63 (mg/100 g) of TBARS and TVB‐N values when compared to control, respectively. The microbiological count showed that CA +AFEOs had a significantly higher inhibitory impact on the total viable count (TVC), coliforms, molds and yeasts. At day 12, 6.89 Log CFU (colony‐forming units)/g was recorded for TVC in 2% CA +1500 ppm AFEOs, which was the lowest overall. This treatment also displayed the reduction of 2.97 Log CFU/g in coliforms and 3.3 Log CFU/g in molds and yeasts in comparison with uncoated samples. The outcomes of pH, TBARS, TPC, color values, microbiological count, and organoleptic properties suggested 2% CA +1500 ppm AFEOs as an efficient coating for quality stability and improving the shelf life of chicken breast meat without negative impact on organoleptic properties.
Monitoring the variations in physicochemical characteristics of squab meat during the braising cooking process
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Liu Qiaoyu , Jiang Hao , Zheng Minyi , Qian Min , Zeng Xiaofang , Bai Weidong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBraised squabs are traditional Chinese foods. However, the processing is highly experience dependent and lacks a theoretical basis. Hence, a comparative study of the physicochemical properties in different processing stages of braised squabs was necessary. We observed the physicochemical changes in the processing stages of braised squabs (raw meat, braised meat, and fried meat). The color parameters, moisture content, and drip loss rate gradually decreased during the processing. On the contrary, crude protein content and pH value were upregulated in the processing stages of braised squabs. Furthermore, the diameter of muscle fiber significantly increased in the braised meat and further decreased in the fried meat compared with the raw muscle fiber. Similarly, hardness, springiness, and chewiness were also increased in the braised step and decreased in the fried step. Additionally, the contents of essential amino acids remain unchanged. Hence, our results provided a certain reference value on the production of braised squabs.
Engineering early memory B‐cell‐like phenotype in hydrogel‐based immune organoids
Authors: Graney Pamela L. , Zhong Zhe , Post Sarah , Brito Ilana , Singh Ankur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMemory B cells originate in response to antigenic stimulation in B‐cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs where naive B cells undergo maturation within a subanatomical microenvironment, the germinal centers. The understanding of memory B‐cell immunology and its regulation is based primarily on sophisticated experiments that involve mouse models. To date, limited evidence exists on whether memory B cells can be successfully engineered ex vivo, specifically using biomaterials‐based platforms that support the growth and differentiation of B cells. Here, we report the characterization of a recently reported maleimide‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as immune organoids towards the development of early memory B‐cell phenotype and germinal center‐like B cells. We demonstrate that the use of interleukin 9 (IL9), IL21, and bacterial antigen presentation as outer membrane‐bound fragments drives the conversion of naive, primary murine B cells to early memory phenotype in ex vivo immune organoids. These findings describe the induction of early memory B‐cell‐like phenotype in immune organoids and highlight the potential of synthetic organoids as a platform for the future development of antigen‐specific bona fide memory B cells for the study of the immune system and generation of therapeutic antibodies.
Supramolecular nanotherapeutics enable metabolic reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages to inhibit tumor growth
Authors: Ramesh Anujan , Malik Vaishali , Brouillard Anthony , Kulkarni Ashish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) exist in multiple phenotypes across the spectrum, defined by an M1 antitumorigenic phenotype and an M2 pro‐tumorigenic phenotype on two ends of the spectrum. A largely immunosuppressive tumor‐microenvironment aids the polarization of the infiltrating macrophages to a pro‐tumorigenic M2 phenotype that promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Recent developments in macrophage immunotherapy have focused on strategies to re‐educate TAMs from an M2 to M1 phenotype. Recent findings in the realm of immuno‐metabolism have indicated that distinct metabolic signatures accompany macrophages based on their polarization states (M1‐Glycolysis and M2‐TCA cycle). These metabolites are important drivers of cellular signaling responsible for acquiring these polarization states, with evidence showing that metabolism is essential to facilitate the energy requirements of immune cells and regulate immune cell response. We hypothesized that TAMs could be reprogrammed metabolically by co‐delivery of drugs using a supramolecular nanoparticle system that could effectively rewire macrophage metabolism by simultaneous inhibition of the TCA cycle and upregulation of the glycolytic metabolic pathway. TLR7/8 agonist and Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) inhibitor loaded metabolic supramolecular nanoparticles (MSNPs) were synthesized. In vitro assays showed macrophages treated with MSNPs were reprogrammed from an M2 phenotype to an M1 phenotype while significantly upregulating phagocytosis. When injected in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice, MSNPs treatment reduced tumor growth progression more than other treatments. Hence, the delivery of TLR7/8 agonist combined with an FAO inhibitor can enhance antitumor efficacy through metabolic reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages.
The moderating effects of school resources on the impact of a school‐based intervention on the social information‐processing skills of third graders in rural China
Authors: Guo Shenyang , Li Na , Sun Xiaodong , Peng Jin , Fraser Mark W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing a school‐based intervention, Let's Be Friends (LBF), designed to promote the social information‐processing (SIP) skills of third‐grade children in rural China, the specific aim of this study was to assess the moderating effects of school characteristics on program outcomes. We systematically tested the moderating effects of six school‐resource variables (i.e., student–teacher ratio, school size, number of library books per student, number of computers per 100 students, percentage of teachers with middle‐ and high‐level titles, and percentage of teachers with high‐level title or “backbone” recognition) on outcomes in a controlled trial of LBF program. School resources (i.e., small school size, low student–teacher ratio, and more teachers with high‐level title or backbone) were associated with SIP skill acquisition, reduced aggressive behavior, and higher cognitive concentration. School contextual characteristics condition the impact of social‐emotional education programs in Chinese rural primary schools.
Association between achieving textbook outcomes and better survival after laparoscopic liver resection in the anterolateral segments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: D'Silva Mizelle , Cho Jai Young , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Lee Hae Won , Lee Jun Suh , Lee Boram , Kim Moonhwan , Jo Yeongsoo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of surgical procedures are assessed by textbook outcomes (TO). Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is considered a standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the anterolateral segments of the liver. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting achievement of TO for LLR and its impact on survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent LLR for lesions located in the anterolateral segments (n = 309). Patients were divided into TO and non‐TO group.ResultsA TO was achieved in 55.0% of patients (n = 170). In multivariable analysis, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥ 10 (odds ratio[OR] 3.076; 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.134–8.342), absence of diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.325; 95% CI: 1.227–4.407) and thrombocytopenia (OR: 2.115; 95% CI: 1.134–8.342) were independently associated with not achieving TO. The 5‐year overall (82.9% vs 72.8%, P = .017) and recurrence‐free (48.8% vs 35.4%; P = .036) survival rates were significantly greater in the TO group than in the non‐TO group.ConclusionThe MELD score, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors influencing the achievement of TO. TO influences the short‐ and long‐term outcomes after LLR for HCC.
Catalyst‐free one‐pot three‐component rapid synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles by liquid‐assisted grinding
Authors: Jiang Ling , Yan Si‐Yu , Dong Jing‐Wen , Ye Li‐Dan , Cheng Yue , Chu Xiao‐He 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of polysubstituted pyrroles were rapidly synthesized in moderate to good yields via catalyst‐free one‐pot three‐component reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with primary amines and nitrostyrenes by using liquid‐assisted grinding. This protocol provides several advantages over the conventional chemical synthesis, such as simple work‐up procedure, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, and environmental friendliness. Structures of polysubstituted pyrroles were confirmed by1H NMR,13C NMR, and ESI‐MS studies.
Robust energy management of micro‐grid system using an efficient RNN‐MDA approach
Authors: Durairasan M. , Balasubramanian Divya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a hybrid methodology of robust energy management for system modeling and configuration of Microgrid linked system. The proposed system is combined performance of both the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Modified Dragonfly algorithm (MDA), hence it is known as RNN‐MDA. Microgrid connected system like photovoltaic, wind turbine, fuel cell, micro turbine, and battery. RNN predicts the optimal load demand of proposed system. MDA optimally configures the microgrid combination. Cost function of micro turbine, fuel cell, operation, and maintenance cost and the constraints involving power balance and generation capacity of each MG sources are involved. At last, the proposed model is instigated on MATLAB/Simulink working platform and performance equates through existing performances. Cost savings of proposed and existing for 24 h and 1 year is also analyzed in paper. The cost savings of the proposed technique for 24 h and 1 year are 54.8387% and 82.77%. Thus the proposed technique shows the better performance over other procedures based on cost savings, power generation, fitness function, error reduction, computation time and statistical parameters, cost accuracy percentage.