bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theta- and gamma-band oscillatory uncoupling in the macaque hippocampus
Authors: Abbaspoor S. , Hussin A.T. , Hoffman K.L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTNested hippocampal oscillations in the rodent give rise to temporal dynamics that may underlie learning, memory, and decision making. Although theta/gamma coupling in rodent CA1 occurs during exploration, in contrast to sharp-wave ripples that emerge in quiescence, it is less clear that these oscillatory regimes extend to primates. We, therefore, sought to identify correspondences in frequency bands, nesting, and behavioral coupling taken from the macaque hippocampus. We found that, in contrast to rodent oscillations, theta and gamma frequency bands in macaque CA1 were segregated by behavioral states. Beta2/gamma (15-70 Hz) had greater power during visual search while the theta band (3-10 Hz; peak ∼8 Hz) dominated during quiescence. Moreover, theta band amplitude was strongest when beta2/slow gamma (20-35 Hz) amplitude was weakest, occurring instead concomitant with higher frequencies (60-150 Hz). Spike-field coherence was most frequently seen in these three bands, (3-10 Hz, 20-35 Hz, and 60-150 Hz); however, the theta-band coherence was largely due to spurious coupling during sharp-wave ripples. Accordingly, no intrinsic theta spiking rhythmicity was apparent. These results support a role for beta2/slow gamma modulation in CA1 during active exploration in the primate that is decoupled from theta oscillations. The apparent difference to the rodent oscillatory canon calls for a shift in focus of frequency when considering the primate hippocampus.
Genomic analyses identify biological processes in ZKSCAN3-deficient colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Qian Zhiwen , Chang Tingxiang , Zhang Tingting , Wang Jing , Gu Hanming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domain 3 (ZKSCAN3) is associated with cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, which has been reported as a critical driver of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism and function of ZKSCAN3 in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Here, our objective is to identify the functional molecules and signaling by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE172201 was created by the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (Homo sapiens). The KEGG and GO analyses indicated the immune defense response to virus and transcription activity are major processes in the ZKSCAN3 KO colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, we determined ten key molecules including STAT1, MX1, DDX58, PPARG, EGFR, APP, BST2, DLG4, OASL, and IFIT2. Therefore, our study may provide the novel knowledge of ZKSCAN3 mediated colorectal cancer.
Seasonal challenges of tropical bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in temperate zones
Authors: Weinberg Maya , Mazar Omer , Harten Lee , Handel Michal , Goutink Sophia , Lifshitz Nora , Czirják Gábor Á. , Yovel Yossi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEgyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) manage to survive and flourish in a large geographic range despite the variability of natural and anthropogenic conditions in this range. To examine the challenges faced by free-ranging R.aegyptiacus living at the northern edge of their distribution, we performed a retrospective analysis of ∼1500 clinical cases reported by a bat rescue NGO over 25 months, from all over Israel. All cases of injured or stranded bats were evaluated and categorized according to date, place, sex, age, and etiology of the morbidity. The analysis of the data showed an increase in all types of morbidity during the wintertime, with more than twice the number of cases in comparison with the summertime, over two consecutive years. Moreover, we found that the number of abandoned pups peaks during spring till autumn when adult morbidity is minimal. We characterize two prominent types of previously undescribed morbidity in R.aegyptiacus, one in the form of bacterial illness, and the other associated with feet deformation which affects bats in addition to major anthropogenic-related threats related to synanthropic predators. We analyze the reasons driving winter morbidity and conclude that winter weather and specifically low temperature best explains this morbidity. We hypothesize that R.aegyptiacus, a fruit-bat of tropical origin is facing major seasonal difficulties near the northern edge of its distribution, probably limiting its further spread northward.
Triple-helix potential of the mouse genome
Authors: Maekawa Kaku , Yamada Shintaro , Sharma Rahul , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Keeney Scott 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCertain DNA sequences, including mirror-symmetric polypyrimidine/polypurine runs, are capable of folding into a triple-helix-containing non-B-form DNA structure called H-DNA. Such H-DNA-forming sequences are frequent in many eukaryotic genomes, including in mammals, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that these motifs are mutagenic and can impinge on DNA replication, transcription, and other aspects of genome function. In this study, we show that the triplex-forming potential of H-DNA motifs in the mouse genome can be evaluated using S1-sequencing (S1-seq), which uses the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-specific nuclease S1 to generate deep-sequencing libraries that report on the position of ssDNA throughout the genome. When S1-seq was applied to genomic DNA isolated from mouse testis cells and splenic B cells, we observed prominent clusters of S1-seq reads that appeared to be independent of endogenous double-strand breaks, that coincided with H-DNA motifs, and that correlated strongly with the triplex-forming potential of the motifs. Fine-scale patterns of S1-seq reads, including a pronounced strand asymmetry in favor of centrally-positioned reads on the pyrimidine-containing strand, suggested that this S1-seq signal is specific for one of the four possible isomers of H-DNA (H-y5). By leveraging the abundance and complexity of naturally occurring H-DNA motifs across the mouse genome, we further defined how polypyrimidine repeat length and the presence of repeat-interrupting substitutions modify the structure of H-DNA. This study provides a new approach for studying DNA secondary structure genome wide at high spatial resolution.
Functional Requirements for a Samd14-Capping Protein Complex in Stress Erythropoiesis
Authors: Ray Suhita , Chee Linda , Zhou Yichao , Schaefer Meg A. , Naldrett Michael J. , Alvarez Sophie , Woods Nicholas T , Hewitt Kyle J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute anemia induces rapid expansion of erythroid precursors and accelerated differentiation to replenish erythrocytes. Paracrine signals – involving cooperation between SCF/c-Kit signaling and other signaling inputs – are required for the increased erythroid precursor activity in anemia. Our prior work revealed that the Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) Domain 14 (Samd14) gene increases the regenerative capacity of the erythroid system and promotes stress-dependent c-Kit signaling. However, the mechanism underlying Samd14’s role in stress erythropoiesis is unknown. We identified a protein- protein interaction between Samd14 and the α- and β heterodimers of the F-actin capping protein (CP) complex. Knockdown of the CP β subunit increased erythroid maturation in ex vivo cultures and decreased colony forming potential of stress erythroid precursors. In a genetic complementation assay for Samd14 activity, our results revealed that the Samd14-CP interaction is a determinant of erythroid precursor cell levels and function. Samd14-CP promotes SCF/c-kit signaling in CD71med spleen erythroid precursors. Given the roles of c-Kit signaling in hematopoiesis and Samd14 in c-Kit pathway activation, this mechanism may have pathological implications in acute/chronic anemia.
Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate is not necessary for Candida albicans viability, yet is key for cell wall integrity and systemic infection
Authors: Garcia-Rodas Rocio , Labbaoui Hayet , Orange François , Solis Norma , Zaragoza Oscar , Filler Scott , Bassilana Martine , Arkowitz Robert A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol phosphates are key phospholipids with a range of regulatory roles, including membrane trafficking and cell polarity. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] at the Golgi is required for the budding to filamentous growth transition in the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, however the role of plasma membrane PI(4)P is unclear. We have investigated the importance of this phospholipid in C. albicans growth, stress response, and virulence by generating mutant strains with decreased levels of plasma membrane PI(4)P, via deletion of components of the PI-4-kinase complex, i.e. Efr3, Ypp1 and Stt4. The amount of plasma membrane PI(4)P in the efr3Δ/Δ and ypp1Δ/Δ mutant was ∼60% and ∼40% of the wild-type strain, respectively, whereas it was nearly undetectable in the stt4Δ/Δ mutant. All three mutants had reduced plasma membrane phosphatidylserine (PS). Although these mutants had normal yeast phase growth, they were defective in filamentous growth, exhibited defects in cell wall integrity and had an increased exposure of cell wall β(1,3)-glucan, yet they induced a range of hyphal specific genes. In a mouse model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, fungal plasma membrane PI(4)P levels directly correlated with virulence; the efr3Δ/Δ had wild-type virulence, the ypp1Δ/Δ mutant had attenuated virulence and the stt4Δ/Δ mutant caused no lethality. In the mouse model of orpharyngeal candidiasis, only the ypp1Δ/Δ mutant had reduced virulence, indicating that plasma membrane PI(4)P is less important for proliferation in the oropharynx. Collectively, these results demonstrate that plasma membrane PI(4)P levels play a central role in filamentation, cell wall integrity and virulence in C. albicans.ImportanceWhile the PI-4-kinases Pik1 and Stt4 both produce PI(4)P, the former generates PI(4)P at the Golgi and the latter at the plasma membrane and these two pools are functionally distinct. To address the importance of plasma membrane PI(4)P in Candida albicans, we have generated deletion mutants of the three putative plasma membrane PI-4-kinase complex components and quantified the levels of plasma membrane PI(4)P in each of these strains. Our work reveals that this phosphatidylinositol phosphate is specifically critical for the yeast-to-hyphal transition, cell wall integrity and virulence in a mouse systemic infection model. The significance of this work is in identifying a plasma membrane phospholipid that has an infection specific role, which is attributed to the loss of plasma membrane PI(4)P resulting in β(1,3)-glucan unmasking.
Gut Microbial Trimethylamine is Elevated in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis and Contributes to Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Helsley Robert N. , Miyata Tatsunori , Kadam Anagha , Varadharajan Venkateshwari , Sangwan Naseer , Huang Emily C. , Banerjee Rakhee , Brown Amanda L. , Fung Kevin K. , Massey William J. , Neumann Chase , Orabi Danny , Osborn Lucas J. , Schugar Rebecca C. , McMullen Megan R. , Bellar Annette , Poulsen Kyle L. , Kim Adam , Pathak Vai , Mrdjen Marko , Anderson James T. , Willard Belinda , McClain Craig J. , Mitchell Mack , McCullough Arthur J. , Radaeva Svetlana , Barton Bruce , Szabo Gyongyi , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Garcia-Garcia Jose Carlos , Rotroff Daniel M. , Allende Daniela S. , Wang Zeneng , Hazen Stanley L. , Nagy Laura E. , Brown J. Mark 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is mounting evidence that microbes resident in the human intestine contribute to diverse alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD) including the most deadly form known as alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). However, mechanisms by which gut microbes synergize with excessive alcohol intake to promote liver injury are poorly understood. Furthermore, whether drugs that selectively target gut microbial metabolism can improve ALD has never been tested.METHODSWe used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of microbe and host choline co-metabolites in healthy controls and AH patients, finding elevated levels of the microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) in AH. In subsequent studies, we treated mice with non-lethal bacterial choline TMA lyase (CutC/D) inhibitors to blunt gut microbe-dependent production of TMA in the context of chronic ethanol administration. Indices of liver injury were quantified by complementary RNA sequencing, biochemical, and histological approaches. In addition, we examined the impact of ethanol consumption and TMA lyase inhibition on gut microbiome structure via 16S rRNA sequencing.RESULTSWe show the gut microbial choline metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) is elevated in AH patients and correlates with reduced hepatic expression of the TMA oxygenase flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). Provocatively, we find that small molecule inhibition of gut microbial CutC/D activity protects mice from ethanol-induced liver injury. CutC/D inhibitor-driven improvement in ethanol-induced liver injury is associated with distinct reorganization of the gut microbiome and host liver transcriptome.CONCLUSIONSThe microbial metabolite TMA is elevated in patients with AH, and inhibition of TMA production from gut microbes can protect mice from ethanol-induced liver injury.
Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and opportunity exploitation in driving business performance: moderating effect of interfunctional coordination
Authors: Mathafena Rose Boitumelo , Msimango-Galawe Jabulile 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The study aims to investigate the extent to which interfunctional coordination (IFC) moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and organisational opportunity exploitation (OE) and business performance (BP); second, to examine the impact of EO, MO and organisational OE on the BP.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a cross-sectional design approach, with the research framework tested on a sample of 203 cases of employees mostly at skilled, professional and management levels in Gauteng Province. Data was analysed through correlation, regression and moderation analysis.

Findings
The results indicated that EO, MO and OE account for BP. Furthermore, IFC significantly moderates only the relationship between MO and BP (financial) and OE and BP (non-financial). While the relationship between EO and BP is not significantly moderated.

Practical implications
The study highlights that IFC is not yet embedded in organisational practice and culture. Scaling interventions to promote IFC as a performance enabler, particularly in conjunction with the entrepreneurial, market-oriented and OE activities, is essential in the South African corporate entrepreneurial environment.

Originality/value
Although EO, MO and OE are widely recognised as performance enablers, very little is known about the potential moderating role of IFC towards these identified complementary strategic capabilities within the South African corporate context. The empirical research strengthens awareness about the need and criticality of IFC in improving organisational performance in emerging economies.
Divine powers and exchange with ‘others’ in Melanesia
Authors: Hirsch Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarshall Sahlins described divine king forms for a wide range of societies from Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, among others. In this article, I document a divine king form among the Fuyuge people of the Papuan highlands, revising my previous understanding of this powerful figure. At the same time, I argue there is an inextricable connection between Sahlins's theory of divine power and Marilyn Strathern's model of Melanesian gift exchange: both operate according to distinct ideas of otherness. The capacity to engage in transaction derives from cosmological sources while evidence of cosmological power is provided by the ability to engage in transactions with others in effective and powerful ways. More generally, I argue that conventional Melanesian figures of big‐men, great men, and chiefs are all versions of the alterity of power in related political forms; each instantiates the mutual relations between cosmological and transactional otherness.
THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE: MIGRATION, COMPETITION, AND HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN HISTORIC CHINA
Authors: Bai Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy exploiting immigrant spatial variation in 287 prefectures, this study shows that the 1127‐30 Han migration southward in historic China had a significantly positive effect on economic prosperity in the year 2000 (as measured by GDP and nighttime lights per capita). One possible explanation is that the migrant‐local competition since the implementation of the imperial civil service examination has incentivized both migrants and locals to invest in education to better compete with their rivals. These findings remain robust when I instrument migration flow size by the number of northern‐born officials governing southern prefectures during the migration period.
A Global, Democratic, Institutional and Humble Cosmopolitanism? Response to Contributors in Symposium on The Humble Cosmopolitan
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article engages contributions from Cricket Keating, Natasha Behl, Fred Lee and Jaby Mathew, and Brooke Ackerly’s introduction, in a symposium on The Humble Cosmopolitan. It first notes insights taken for the development of a democratic cosmopolitanism oriented to political humility from the work of Indian Dalit-rights champion and constitutional architect B.R. Ambedkar, and from interviews conducted with globally oriented Dalit activists. It then considers Mathew’s concerns about accommodation of the moral importance of local democratic practices, and Keating’s about the book’s emphasis on advancing institutional over attitudinal changes. It addresses issues Behl raises around attention to alternate conceptions of citizenship, e.g., ones which would center Dalit women’s voices; and Lee’s concerns about whether the model can recognize the importance of subaltern nationalisms. Responses focus on ways in which the model seeks to enable individuals to challenge political arrogance from a position of co-equal citizenship in regional and global institutions.
Cosmopolitan Humility and Local Self-Governance
Authors: Mathew Jaby 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Do local or grassroots level face-to-face self-governing communities have a place in theories of institutional cosmopolitanism? I pose this question in response to Luis Cabrera’s (2020) use of B. R. Ambedkar’s ideas to defend an instrumentally oriented democratic institutional cosmopolitanism that counters the arrogance objections raised against cosmopolitanism. Cabrera interprets Ambedkar as an exponent of political humility and having an instrumentalist approach to democracy. My response expands on a connection Cabrera briefly discusses – between humility and humiliation – and makes two observations. First, Ambedkar makes a distinction between institutions of democracy and democracy as a form of society. The latter is an end-in-itself synonymous with the practice of political humility. Second, Gandhi’s vision of self-governing village republics, which Ambedkar rejects, with universal franchise and guaranteed representation for marginalized groups that Ambedkar advocated at the national level could have been spaces for practicing political humility locally.
Are Gross Motor Skill Interventions an Equitable Replacement for Outdoor Free Play Regarding Children’s Physical Activity?
Authors: Palmer Kara K. , Farquhar Jacquelyn M. , Chinn Katherine M. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if children engaged in equal amounts of physical activity during an established gross motor skill intervention (the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program (CHAMP)) and outdoor free play. Design Cross-sectional study; sample: Ninety-nine children (Mage = 4.21, 51% boys) were randomly divided into two movement environments: CHAMP (n = 55) or control/outdoor free play (n = 44). Measures Physical activity was assessed using GT3X+ Actigraph accelerometers worn on the waist across four mornings. Average physical activity across the four days during either CHAMP or outdoor free play was extracted and categorized as light, moderate, vigorous, or MVPA. Physical activity data were reduced in the Actilife software using the cutpoints from Evenson et al. Analysis A 2 (treatment) x 2 (sex) mixed measures ANOVA was used to compare the amount of time children spent in light, moderate, vigorous, and MVPA. Results There was a significant main effect for treatment for light PA (F(3,95) =13.60, P<.001, partial η2=.125), and post hoc t-tests support that children in the control/outdoor free play group engaged in more light PA compared with children in CHAMP (t95 = −3.75, P<.001). Conclusions Results show that children in CHAMP engaged in less light PA but equal amounts of all other physical activity behaviors than their peers in outdoor free play.
Nai Talim Today: Gandhi’s Critique of Industrialism and An Education for Swaraj
Authors: Patil Pallavi Varma , Sinha Sujit 
Published: January 2022

The children of today inhabit the planet when CO2 levels have exceeded 400 parts per million (ppm). Crucial planetary boundaries are breached, and the climate crisis has manifested itself menacingly along with several accompanying civilizational crises be it health, socio-economic, political or humanitarian. It is, according to us, the crisis of Industrialism. At this crucial juncture of converging planet-scale disasters where the very survival of humanity is at severe risk, we explore fresh insights into alternative imaginations that can foster a new world where we not just survive but flourish. One such alternative imagination of a good society is that by Gandhi. A century ago, he outlined this vision as Swaraj and, over the years, fleshed out this vision. It is for this Swaraj that in 1937, Gandhi, conceptualizing his educational ideas, initiated a programme known as Nai Talim. Swaraj was diametrically opposite to Industrialism. And, therefore, Nai Talim was in sharp contrast to the state-approved school education that promoted Industrialism. In this article, we give a brief outline of Swaraj; highlight the interconnections between Swaraj and Nai Talim; and expand on ways in which one can reimagine Gandhi’s Nai Talim for contemporary times. We also argue that such an imagination of reinvented Nai Talim is possible today in Indigenous communities, where there is a spirited resistance to industrialism. And as an example, we look at the ongoing experiment of the Zapatistas of Chiapas, Mexico.