bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with The Speed and Scope of Diffusion of COVID-19 Therapeutics in a Nationwide Healthcare Setting: A Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: La Jennifer , Fillmore Nathanael R , Do Nhan V , Brophy Mary , Monach Paul A , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
The global COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to evaluate factors associated with high levels of adoption of different therapeutics in a real-world setting. The aim of this nationwide, retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the diffusion and adoption of novel therapeutics with an emerging evidence basis and to identify factors that influenced physicians’ treatment decisions.
Methods:
Cohort Creation: A cohort of Veteran patients with a microbiologically-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 was identified and cases were classified by disease severity (outpatient, inpatient with mild and severe disease, ICU). After classification of disease severity, proportion of cases (outpatients) and admissions (inpatients) in each category receiving each type of medication were plotted as a function of time.
Identification of Milestones and Guidance Changes: Key medications used for the management of COVID-19 milestones in the release of primary research results in various forms (e.g., via press release, pre-print, or publication in a traditional medical journal), policy events, and dates of key guidelines, were identified plotted as a timeline.
After a timeline was created, timepoints were compared to changes in medication use, and factors potentially impacting the magnitude (i.e., proportion of patients who received the treatment) and the speed (i.e., the slope of the change in use) of practice changes were evaluated.
Results:
Dexamethasone and remdesivir, the first two medications with clinical trials data to support their use underwent the most rapid, complete, and sustained diffusion and adoption; the majority of practice changes occurred after press releases and pre-prints were available and prior to guideline changes, although some additional uptake occurred following guideline updates. Medications that were not “first in class,” were identified later in the pandemic, and that had higher perceived risk had slower and less complete uptake regardless of the strength and quality of the evidence supporting the intervention.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that traditional and social media platforms and pre-print releases were major catalysts of practice change, particularly prior to the identification of effective treatments. The “first available treatment in class” impact appeared to be the single most important factor determining the speed and spread of diffusion.
Clinical Trial Registration:
Not applicable
Comparison of the effects of esketamine, sufentanil, or lidocaine combined with propofol on tussis reflection during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: study protocol for a randomised, two centre, three-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Hou Haijun , Liu Lu , Xue Fushan , Tian Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The endoscopic technique is the most widely utilised method for the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Tussis, which increases the incidence of airway spasm, aspiration, nausea, and vomiting, is a common complication faced during upper GI endoscopy. However, sedatives and analgesics exhibit inhibitory actions against airway reflexes to different degrees. Our assumption is that a combination of propofol and small doses of sufentanil, esketamine, or lidocaine, especially the combination of propofol and esketamine, might reduce tussis incidence.
Method: The study will be performed as a randomized controlled three-blind, two-centre trial. Patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy, ≥ 18 years old, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I–III will be randomized to four groups: P group (single administration of propofol), P + S group (administration of propofol and sufentanil in combination), P + K group (administration of propofol and esketamine in combination), and P + L group (administration of propofol and lidocaine in combination) (N = 100 per group). The primary outcome, reflecting effectiveness of sedation, The primary endpoints include the frequency of tussis, nausea and vomiting, and/or body movements observed at the insertion of the endoscope into the pharyngeal cavity or within 5 min of endoscope insertion. Secondary outcome parameters are recovery assessment, patients’ and endoscopists’ satisfaction with the procedure, MMSE scores, MET scores, and sleep condition and the number of sedation-related events. Data on sedation-related events are collected by recording of vital signs, including oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), arrhythmias (electrocardiogram (ECG)), and non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP). Satisfaction parameters and mental states are collected by means of questionnaires and evaluation scales before and after the procedure and on different following days.
Discussion: Esketamine can reduce tussis occurrence with good tolerability and relax the bronchus, also provides high clearance rates and low possibility of adverse reactions. Unfortunately esketamine is also known for its psychotomimetic effects. We aim to demonstrate that the combination of esketamine with propofol for sedation in patients subjected to upper GI procedure is nevertheless superior to only administration of propofol or a combination of propofol with other anesthetics, such as opioids or lidocaine.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05497492, Registered 09 August 2022. http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT0549749
Population WGS-based Spinal Muscular Atrophy Carrier Screening in a cohort of 1076 healthy Polish individuals
Authors: Sypniewski Mateusz , Kresa Dominika , Dobosz Paula , Topolski Piotr , Kotuła Lidia , Sztromwasser Paweł , Mroczek Magdalena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a severe neuromuscular disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The disease-causing gene is SMN1 and its paralogue, SMN2, is a disease course modifier. Both genes SMN1 and SMN2 show over 99.9% sequence identity and a high rate of crossing over in the genomic region. Due to this reason, SMN1/SMN2 is usually excluded from the whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and investigated with traditional methods, such as MLPA and qPCR. Recently, novel bioinformatic algorithms dedicated to analyzing this particular genomic region have been developed. Here, we analyze the SMN1/SMN2genomic region with a dedicated program, SMNCopyNumberCaller. We report a similar prevalence of SMN1 gene deletion carrier status (1 per 41 people) to published data from the Polish population (1 per 35 people). Additionally, SMNCopyNumberCaller can identify SMN2 CNVs and SMN2Δ7-8 present in 153 healthy Polish individuals. Two other programs for the CNV analysis in standard genomic regions were not able to give reliable results. Using WGS-based tools for SMN1/2genomic region analysis is not only an efficient method in terms of time, but will also enable more complex analysis such as silent carrier screening and identification of further genetic modifiers. Although still an experimental method, soon WGS-based SMN1/SMN2 carrier identification may become a standard method for the patients screened with WGS for other purposes.
Development of an Image Classification Pipeline for Atherosclerotic Plaques Assessment using Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Kunchur Natasha N. , Mostaço-Guidolin Leila B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, is achronic inflammatory condition resulting in the accumulation of plaque composedof lipids and other bio compounds within artery walls. Thus, narrowing thearterial lumen and leading to the blockage of blood flow, and rupture of thearteries. Atherosclerosis is known to be an inevitably progressive disease, resultingin an increase in inflammation and lipid accumulation with age. Through thecombination of coherent anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy, anon-linear optical microscopy modality, and an automated pipeline for plaqueclassification; the stages of plaque progression can be assessed in a label-freemanner. The pipeline provides a basis for recognizing changes in the progressionand/or stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.
Results: The use of machine learning in microscopy has been increasinglyallowing the classification of large amounts of images based on specific featuresrelevant to different applications. Based on a set of label-free CARS images ofatherosclerotic plaques (i.e. foam cell clusters) from a rabbit model, wedeveloped an automated pipeline to classify lesions based on their majormorphological features. Through the combination of image preprocessing andsegmentation, feature extraction and supervised machine learning algorithms, theclassification pipeline showcased the ability to exploit relevant plaquemorphological features to accurately classify 3 pre-defined stages ofatherosclerosis: early fatty streak development (EFS), early fibroatheroma (EF)and advancing atheroma (AA), greater than 85% class accuracy. Conclusions: Minute changes in the morphology of plaque can often beoverlooked. Through the combination of CARS microscopy and computationalmethods, a powerful classification tool was developed to identify the progressionof atherosclerotic plaque in an automated manner. The ability to differentiateamongst EFS, EF and AA present the opportunity to classify the onset ofatherosclerosis at an earlier stage of development, as well as greatly improvingthe potential of tracking effectiveness of novel therapeutic interventions
The lncRNA Snhg11 is required for synaptic function, neurogenesis and memory and is downregulated in the dentate gyrus of Down syndrome mouse models
Authors: Sierra Cesar , Sabariego Miguel , Fernández-Blanco Alvaro , Dierssen Mara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Even though advances in the last decades have allowed better delineation of its pathogenetic mechanisms, its cellular and molecular bases are still poorly understood. Here, single-nuclei transcriptional profiles of the hippocampus of a DS mouse model revealed that the trisomy results in a highly cell-type specific alteration of the transcriptome. Strikingly, we observe a major transcriptomic shift in trisomic granule cells from the dentate gyrus (DG), without important changes in other hippocampal regions. We identified the small nucleolar RNA host gene 11, Snhg11, specifically downregulated in the trisomic DG, as the main contributor to the observed shift. Knockdown of Snhg11 in the DG of wild-type mice impairs synaptic function and adult neurogenesis and recapitulates trisomic hippocampal-dependent cognitive phenotypes. Our work highlights the importance of this long non-coding RNA in intellectual disability and reveals its functional involvement in the DG. These findings suggest the DG as a main region for the memory deficits observed in DS and indicate the relevance of new players such as long non-coding RNAs in its etiology.
From Evidence to Practice: Early Integration of Palliative Care in a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Lakhani Shamsah , Scalzitti David A. , Padrone Laura , Welch Diana Martins 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that all patients with a diagnosis of advanced cancer be referred to a palliative care team within 8 weeks of diagnosis. The benefits of early integrated palliative care are well recognized, however, there is a lack of consensus to guide operational aspects of a palliative care service within a comprehensive cancer center. In this study, we explore current palliative care referral patterns at an academic cancer center and provide recommendations for operationalizing palliative care services as a program within comprehensive cancer centers in order to adequately meet the needs of patients with advanced cancer.
Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic cancer or advanced hematologic malignancy seen by the palliative care team at a comprehensive cancer center from January 1, 2021, to October 31, 2021 was conducted. IRB approval was obtained prior to the initiation of the chart review.
Results
A total of 243 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic cancer, or advanced hematologic malignancy were included in this review. Patients with gastrointestinal (26%), gynecologic (19%), and thoracic (21%) malignancies constituted 66% of the total cohort. The most frequent reason for referral was pain (52%). Thirty-nine percent of patients were referred within 8 weeks of an advanced cancer diagnosis.
Conclusion
ASCO recommends that all patients with advanced cancer be referred to a palliative care specialist within 8 weeks of diagnosis. Of the newly referred patients with advanced cancer, only 39% were referred to the palliative care team within 8 weeks of their diagnosis. This large gap suggests the need for a consensus with regard to operationalizing the palliative care team.
Dendrochoronological Study on the Common Trees in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve, South-East Egypt
Authors: Salem Ashraf H. , Shedded Mohamed G. , Al-Sodany Yassin , Shaltout Kamal H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Twenty-five increment cores and tree discs were sampled for 4 trees species in Wadi Allaqi, an extremely arid region in South-East Egypt. All the studied species form distinct tree-ring boundaries. Of those, 19 samples for Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, 2 for each of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne, and Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge. So, the main aim of the current study is to achieve a longer temporal perspective on growth and longevity, marginal parenchyma wood samples.
Results
The growth ring boundaries of the acacias are differentiated by thin parenchyma bands, which run around the entire stem disc. Samples of Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana were located in the up-, down- and mid-stream parts of this Wadi; and classified, based on the mean distance between the bands of marginal parenchyma, into 6 size classes. Longevity based on the marginal parenchyma bands indicated that Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana grew slowly and some of its studied individuals reflected 2 age scenarios in the downstream part, while the measurement interval an established date of around 1884 or 1886 is suggested. Both scenarios grew fast over a long period of time, and so the chiefly recent growth dated back to 1885. Approximate dates for the midstream part dated back to 1648, while the overall growth for the upstream part dated back to 1482. Samples of Balanites aegyptiaca may be established between 1608 and 1715, while those of Acacia ehrenbergiana may be established between 1945 and 1975. Tamarix nilotica swiftly established itself, and a new ecosystem replaced the severe arid habitat after the water level in Wadi Allaqi dropped in the 1980s.
Conclusion
Two scenarios of age are probably true for the downstream part, implying a date of establishment between 1884–1886. Balanites aegyptiaca was thought to have been established around 1715 or 1608, whereas Acacia ehrenbergiana was thought to have been established around 1975 or 1945. It was also discovered that the outdated scenario for Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia ehrenbergiana is more in line with asymptotic value and current growth, indicating larger possibility for future expansion.
Molecular characterization of Anaplasma ovis Msp4 protein in strains isolated from ticks in Turkey: A multi-epitope synthetic vaccine antigen design against Anaplasma ovis using immunoinformatic tools
Authors: Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Can Hüseyin , Güvendi Mervenur , Alak Sedef Erkunt , Döşkaya Aysu Değirmenci , Karakavuk Muhammet , Döşkaya Mert , Ün Cemal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Tick-borne pathogens increasingly threaten animal and human health as well as cause great economic loss in the livestock industry. Among these pathogens, Anaplasma oviscausing a decrease in meat and milk yield is frequently detected in sheep in many countries including Turkey. Unfortunately a vaccine has not been developed against Anaplasma ovis yet. Msp4 is a immunogenic surface protein of Anaplasma bacteria. This study aimed to reveal potential vaccine candidate epitopes in Msp4 protein using sequence data belonging to Msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis isolates and then to design a multi-epitope protein to be used in vaccine formulations against Anaplasma ovis.
Results: For this purpose, Msp4 gene was sequenced from Anaplasma ovis isolates (n:6) detected in ticks collected from sheep in Turkey and the sequence data was compared with previous sequences from different countries in order to detect the variations of Msp4 gene/protein. Later, potential vaccine candidate and diagnostic epitopes were predicted using various immunoinformatics tools including physicochemical parameters, secondary structures, antigenicity, solubility, subcellular localization, transmembrane helix, signal peptide, allergenicity, BetaWrap motif, homology checking, postranslational modifications, B/T cell epitopes, toxicity, solvent exposure, and epitope conservancy. Among the discovered vaccine candidate epitopes, antigenic and conserved were selected, and then a multi-epitope protein was designed. The designed vaccine protein was tested for the assessment of TLR-2, IgG, and IFN-g responses by molecular docking and immune simulation analyses. Finally, among the discovered epitopes of Anaplasma ovis, EVASEGSGVM and YQFTPEISLV epitopes that have properties of high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were proposed for the development of peptide-based vaccines and serodiagnostic assays.
Conclusions: This study provides prominent epitopes and a candidate vaccine model to be used for the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma ovis in further serodiagnostic and vaccine studies.
Foot and ankle characteristics associated with fear of falling and mobility in community-dwelling older people
Authors: Pol Fateme , Khajooei Zahra , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Taheri Alireza , Forghany Saeed , Menz Hylton 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Fear of falling is multifactorial in etiology and is associated with falls. It has been demonstrated that foot problems increase the risk of falls in older people. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the associations of foot and ankle characteristics with fear of falling and mobility in community-dwelling older people.
Method
One hundred and eighty-seven community-dwelling older adults (106 females) aged 62–90 years (mean 70.5 ± 5.2) from Isfahan, Iran, were recruited. Foot and ankle characteristics (including foot posture, range of motion, muscle strength, deformity, tactile sensation, pain and dynamic function), fear of falling (Fall Efficacy Scale International) and mobility (Timed Up and Go Test) were measured. Two multivariate linear regression analyses identified variables independently associated with fear of falling and mobility.
Results
Linear regression analysis revealed that less ankle plantarflexor muscle strength, greater pressure-time integral, foot pain, and reduced tactile sensitivity of the ankle were significantly and independently associated with increased fear of falling. The total variance explained by the model was 59%. Less ankle plantarflexor muscle strength, greater pressure-time integral, and decreased centre of pressure velocity were significantly and independently associated with poorer mobility. The total variance explained by the model was 48%.
Conclusion
Several foot and ankle characteristics are associated with fear of falling and mobility in older people. Targeting these modifiable risk factors may play a role in reducing fear of falling and enhancing mobility performance in this population.
Bystanders’ willingness to perform basic life support and its relationship with facilitative and obstructive factors: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshiyuki , Hanaki Keiichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: The administration of basic life-support (BLS) by bystanders is essential to improve the survival rates of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Although providing BLS to individuals who experience an OHCA greatly improves their chances of survival, the actual implementation rate is low. Therefore, we investigated the association between the bystanders’ willingness to perform BLS and facilitative/obstructive factors, with the objective of identifying educational methods that would improve the likelihood of bystanders performing BLS should they encounter a patient with OHCA.
Methods: The study participants included 1000 male and female Japanese residents aged 15–65 years with no experience in performing BLS, and 101 with experience, who consented to participate in the study. Both groups graded the strength of their willingness to perform BLS in future on a 4-point scale, as well as their level of agreement with factors facilitating or obstructing their willingness to perform BLS. These factors were designated on the basis of the helping behavior theory. We then analyzed the associations between them.
Results: The willingness to perform BLS decreased in accordance with the increase in the level of intervention required concerning the victim and was significantly associated with three facilitating factors: sufficient ability and experience to perform BLS, high personal norms, and a psychological closeness to the victim.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that workshops and other educational activities focused on these facilitative factors may be helpful in increasing the rate at which bystanders perform BLS.
Phytoplankton as Biomonitoring agent in two Perennial lakes of Coimbatore city, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Mohan Bala , Priyadarshinee Sunder Sheela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluate the assessment of phytoplankton as pollution indicator using Palmer index were carried out at two perennial lakes of Coimbatore city. The bio-monitoring process by using phytoplankton provide cost-effective of the level of eutrophication. Bio-monitor activities focusing on major physico-chemical, biological compartments are needed to evaluate the condition of aquatic resources, as well as related environmental parameters. During the study period totally 36 species of phytoplankton recorded under 23 genera, which include 14 species of Cyanophyceae, 10 species of Chlorophyceae, 9 species of Bacillariophyceae and 3 species of Euglenophyceae. The study revealed that phytoplankton population density was dominated by following order Cyanophyceae ˃ Chlorophyceae ˃ Bacillariophyceae ˃ Euglenophyceae in two perennial lakes. In the study two perennial lakes indicates that the water is exposed to the organic pollution. The continuous monitoring of the lake is necessary.