bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal nitric oxyde synthase positive neurons in human indusium griseum
Authors: Lorenzi Teresa , Sagrati Andrea , Montanari Eva , Senzacqua Martina , Morroni Manrico , Fabri Mara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study was designed to analyze the nNOS positive neurons present in the indusium griseum by describing their distribution and morphology. To this purpose, sagittal serial sections from paraffin or frozen autopsy specimens of corpus callosum including the overlying indusium griseum were processed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, using an antibody against the neuronal form of the enzyme nitric oxyde synthase. To test the specificity of the antibody used, Western Blot was performed in the indusium griseum of the same specimens. The stainings revealed the presence of many neuronal nitric oxyde synthase-immunopositive neurons in human indusium griseum, located along both rostral-caudal and medio-lateral directions. In particular, they were more numerous 1 mm apart from the midline, and their number peaked over the body of the corpus callosum. They showed different morphologies; in some cases, they were located at the boundary between indusium griseum and corpus callosum, more densely packed in proximity to the pial arteries penetrating into the corpus callosum. The significant presence and distribution of neuronal nitric oxyde synthase-immunopositive neurons suggests that indusium griseum likely plays a functional role in the neurovascular regulation within the corpus callosum.
Graphical abstract
Schematic representation of human adult IG and the neurovascular unit originating from sopracallosal artery (Sca) that branches into smaller arterioles (Br) (created in PowerPoint). The arterioles cross the three layers of IG (layers I, II and III) and penetrate into the CC separated from IG by the Virchow-Robin space (VRs). As the arterioles go deeper, this space disappears and the vascular basement membrane comes into direct contact with the astrocytic end-feets (intracallosal arterioles and capillaries). nNOS-immunopositive neurons (nNOSIP N) surround the arterioles and control the vasomotore tone secreting nitric oxyde (NO). Two morphological types of nNOSIP N can be appreciated by the use of different colors: fusiform (blue) and ovoidal (pink). Also NeuN-immunopositive neurons (N) and many astrocytes (As) are present, more numerous in IG than in CC.
Differences in training among prehospital emergency physicians in Germany
Authors: Bollinger Matthias , Mathee C. , Shapeton A. D. , Thal S. C. , Russo S. G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Germany has an interdisciplinary physician-based emergency medical service. Differences in training likely lead to different levels of expertise.

Objectives
We assessed the number of manual procedures performed at the completion of training to determine level of experience of prehospital emergency physicians of different primary specialties.

Materials and methods
Immediately after passing the board examination each examinee was asked to estimate the number of performed procedures for 26 manual skills. We compared the results with recommendations and data on learning manual skills. Results are presented as mean (standard deviation).

Results
Endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy was performed 1032 (739) times by anesthesiologists. Surgeons and internists performed 89 (89) and 77 (65) intubations, respectively. Intubation via video laryngoscopy was performed 79 (81) times by anesthesiologists, 11 (17) times by surgeons and 6 (11) times by internists. Surgeons had little experience in non-invasive ventilation, with 9 (19) performed procedures and had rarely used external pacemaker therapy or electrical cardioversion. In comparison, among all participants non-invasive ventilation was performed 152 (197) times, electrical cardioversion was performed 41 (103) times and an external pacemaker was used 6 (15) times. For other procedures the numbers did not markedly differ between the different specialties.

Conclusion
The number of performed procedures markedly differed for some skills between different primary specialties. Recommendations regarding a procedural volume were not always met, suggesting missing expertise for some skills. A defined number of procedures should therefore be a formal requirement to be eligible for board certification in prehospital emergency medicine.
Deep learning for video object segmentation: a review
Authors: Gao Mingqi , Zheng Feng , Yu James J. Q. , Shan Caifeng , Ding Guiguang , Han Jungong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs one of the fundamental problems in the field of video understanding, video object segmentation aims at segmenting objects of interest throughout the given video sequence. Recently, with the advancements of deep learning techniques, deep neural networks have shown outstanding performance improvements in many computer vision applications, with video object segmentation being one of the most advocated and intensively investigated. In this paper, we present a systematic review of the deep learning-based video segmentation literature, highlighting the pros and cons of each category of approaches. Concretely, we start by introducing the definition, background concepts and basic ideas of algorithms in this field. Subsequently, we summarise the datasets for training and testing a video object segmentation algorithm, as well as common challenges and evaluation metrics. Next, previous works are grouped and reviewed based on how they extract and use spatial and temporal features, where their architectures, contributions and the differences among each other are elaborated. At last, the quantitative and qualitative results of several representative methods on a dataset with many remaining challenges are provided and analysed, followed by further discussions on future research directions. This article is expected to serve as a tutorial and source of reference for learners intended to quickly grasp the current progress in this research area and practitioners interested in applying the video object segmentation methods to their problems. A public website is built to collect and track the related works in this field: https://github.com/gaomingqi/VOS-Review.
Turnpike Property in Optimal Microbial Metabolite Production
Authors: Caillau Jean-Baptiste , Djema Walid , Gouzé Jean-Luc , Maslovskaya Sofya , Pomet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of maximization of metabolite production in bacterial cells formulated as a dynamical optimal control problem (DOCP). According to Pontryagin’s maximum principle, optimal solutions are concatenations of singular and bang arcs and exhibit the chattering or Fuller phenomenon, which is problematic for applications. To avoid chattering, we introduce a reduced model which is still biologically relevant and retains the important structural features of the original problem. Using a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we show that the singular arc is dominant in the studied DOCPs and exhibits the turnpike property. This property is further used in order to design simple and realistic suboptimal control strategies.
Graph analysis of nonlinear fMRI connectivity dynamics reveals distinct brain network configurations for integrative and segregated information processing
Authors: Hirsch Fabian , Wohlschlaeger Afra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe human brain is organized into functional networks, whose spatial layout can be described with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Interactions among these networks are highly dynamic and nonlinear, and evidence suggests that distinct functional network configurations interact on different levels of complexity. To gain new insights into topological properties of constellations interacting on different levels of complexity, we analyze a resting state fMRI dataset from the human connectome project. We first measure the complexity of correlational time series among resting state networks, obtained from sliding window analysis, by calculating their sample entropy. We then use graph analysis to create two functional representations of the network: A ‘high complexity network’ (HCN), whose inter-node interactions display irregular fast changes, and a ‘low complexity network’ (LCN), whose interactions are more self-similar and change more slowly in time. Graph analysis shows that the HCNs structure is significantly more globally efficient, compared to the LCNs, indicative of an architecture that allows for more integrative information processing. The LCNs layout displays significantly higher modularity than the HCNs, indicative of an architecture lending itself to segregated information processing. In the HCN, subcortical thalamic and basal ganglia networks display global hub properties, whereas cortical networks act as connector hubs in the LCN. These results can be replicated in a split sample dataset. Our findings show that investigating nonlinear properties of resting state dynamics offers new insights regarding the relative importance of specific brain regions to the two fundamental requirements for healthy brain functioning, that is, integration and segregation.
Critical Evaluation of Identified Flow Curves Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solutions for Compression Test
Authors: Khoddam S. , Mirzakhani B. , Sapanathan T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The cylindrical profile model (CPM) is commonly used to convert the load–displacement measurement from the axis-symmetric compression test (ACT) to the flow curve. The model ignores the barrelling of the sample which results in serious flow curve distortion and underestimation of the effective stress and strain. To minimize these, a new solution of ACT with heterogeneous deformation is proposed in this work as an alternative to CPM.

Method
Representative point is introduced in this new approach for better utilization of the new solution. Some key attributes of a typical flow curve are also considered to explore the sensitivity of the identified flow curve to the heterogeneous deformation. Sample flow curves are identified based on the new solution and compared with that of CPM.

Results
It was found that CPM underestimates the maximum effective stress, strain and strain rate. Significant deviations were found between the reference flow curves and those of CPM. The model is unable to appropriately account for the rate-dependent behaviour of material and work hardening variations in the samples. Therefore, given its non-realistic homogeneous effective strain and strain rate in the sample, the CPM based flow curves are questionable. The new ACT solution provided more reliable flow curves than those of the CPM.

Conclusions
Considering the heterogeneous deformation at the centre of the sample, the new ACT solution provided flow curves that for strains bellow 0.4 closely resemble the reference curves obtained from the finite element model. Thus, the new ACT solution reduces the serious limitations of CPM and provides less error in the study of the hot deformation phenomena (e.g. recovery and recrystallization). Further recommendations were also given to limit the deviations in the identified flow curve.
Social Relationships and Group Dynamics within the Supervisory Board and their Influence on CEO Compensation
Authors: Dutschkus Fabian , Lukas Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs financial performance measures are not the sole determinant of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, researchers have investigated social relationships between the CEO and the supervisory board’s (SB’s) members to identify other determinants. However, different conclusions have been obtained so far. We argue that disregarding group dynamics in the board’s social categorization, which arise because of social relationships between board members, can help explain the mixed evidence. Our results suggest that group dynamics within the SB impact the level of CEO compensation. Surprisingly, more robust social ties between the CEO and SB members can lead to lower CEO compensation. In addition, the effects of social relationships depend on the specific type of social relationships.
Tidewater glacier response to individual calving events
Authors: Amundson Jason M. , Truffer Martin , Zwinger Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTidewater glaciers have been observed to experience instantaneous, stepwise increases in velocity during iceberg-calving events due to a loss of resistive stresses. These changes in stress can potentially impact tidewater glacier stability by promoting additional calving and affecting the viscous delivery of ice to the terminus. Using flow models and perturbation theory, we demonstrate that calving events and subsequent terminus readvance produce quasi-periodic, sawtooth oscillations in stress that originate at the terminus and propagate upstream. The stress perturbations travel at speeds much greater than the glacier velocities and, for laterally resisted glaciers, rapidly decay within a few ice thickness of the terminus. Consequently, because terminus fluctuations due to individual calving events tend to be much higher frequency than climate variations, individual calving events have little direct impact on the viscous delivery of ice to the terminus. This suggests that the primary mechanism by which calving events can trigger instability is by causing fluctuations in stress that weaken the ice and lead to additional calving and sustained terminus retreat. Our results further demonstrate a stronger response to calving events in simulations that include the full stress tensor, highlighting the importance of accounting for higher order stresses when developing calving parameterizations.
Effects of differentPhilosamia ricini(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cold storage periods onOoencyrtus pityocampaeandOoencyrtus kuvanae(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) rearing
Authors: Tunca Hilal , Cosic Benjamin , Venard Marine , Capelli Mathilde , Colombel Etty-Ambre , Tabone Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOoencyrtus pityocampaeandOoencyrtus kuvanaeare egg parasitoids that are considered potential candidates for the control of different pest species through inundative release. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different cold-storage periods ofPhilosamia ricinieggs (host) on the rearing parameters ofO. pityocampaeandO. kuvanae. Host eggs were stored at 3 °C, and a factorial experiment involving two parasitoid species, nine host storage periods (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and a control, and two host ages (1 and 2 days) was conducted, with 10 replications including 40-P. ricinieggs each. Adult emergence, development time, longevity, and fecundity were investigated. The parasitoid adult emergence percentage significantly varied with storage duration. These values were lower inO. kuvanaethan inO. pityocampae. The development time ofO. kuvanaeprogeny increased in both host age groups except in the 1-day storage period subgroup. However, the development times of the progeny ofO. pityocampaereared on one-day-old eggs stored for 5, 10, 60, and 75 days were increased, and the development times of the progeny ofO. pityocampaereared on 2-day-old eggs stored for 45 and 90 days were increased. The longevity of the F1 progeny ofO. kuvanaewas negatively affected by storage time. There was no difference in the longevity of the F1 progeny ofO. pityocampaecompared to that of the control. Additionally, the fecundities of the F1 progeny ofO. pityocampaeandO. kuvanaewere 54.7 and 47.0 offspring/female, respectively. These results provide useful information for guiding the development of mass rearing methodologies for both parasitoid species.
Was Aśoka really a secularist avant-la-lettre? Ancient Indian pluralism and toleration in historical perspective
Authors: Yelle Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFocusing on Rajeev Bhargava's claim that Aśoka was a secularist avant-la-lettre, I dispute the common understanding of secularism as the separation of religion and politics, and argue instead that such separation, to the extent that it existed, was characteristic of traditional religious societies. I then offer an alternative history of secularism as the demise of the traditional balance of power between church and state, and the rise of a unitary state which incorporated a civil religion that excluded competing forms of religiosity within its domain. This model of secularism, exemplified by the seventeenth-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, fits Aśoka's Dhamma better than the separationist model does.
The Natural History of Stingray Injuries
Authors: Katzer Robert J. , Schultz Carl , Pham Kevin , Sotelo Micaela A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Stingray envenomation is a marine injury suffered by ocean goers throughout the world. No prospective studies exist on the various outcomes associated with these injuries.Study Objective:The aim of this study was to perform a prospective, observational study of human stingray injuries to determine the natural history, acute and subacute complications, prevalence of medical evaluation, and categories of medical treatment.Methods:This study prospectively studied a population of subjects who were injured by stingrays at Seal Beach, California (USA) from July 2012 through September 2016 and did not immediately seek emergency department evaluation. Subjects described their initial injury and provided information on their symptoms, medical evaluations, and medical treatment for the injury at one week and one month after the injury. This information was reported as descriptive statistics.Results:A total of 393 participants were enrolled in the study; 313 (80%) of those completed the one-week follow-up interview and 279 (71%) participants completed both the one-week and one-month follow-up interviews. Overall, 234 (75%) injuries occurred to the foot. One hundred sixty-three (52%) patients had complete resolution of their pain within one week and 261 (94%) had either complete resolution or improvement of pain by one month. Sixty-eight (22%) subjects reported being evaluated by a physician and a total of 49 (17%) subjects reported antibiotic treatment for their wound. None of the subjects required parenteral antibiotics or hospital admission.Conclusion:The majority of stingray victims recover from stingray injury without requiring antibiotics. A subset of subjects will have on-going wound pain after one month. The need for parenteral antibiotics or hospital admission is rare.
Values and preferences influencing willingness to change red and processed meat consumption in response to evidence-based information: a mixed methods study
Authors: Prokop-Dorner Anna , Piłat-Kobla Aleksandra , Zając Joanna , Luśtyk Michalina , Valli Claudia , Łapczuk Aneta , Brzyska Monika , Johnston Bradley , Zera Dena , Guyatt Gordon , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bala Malgorzata M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectives:The aim of the study is (1) to assess the extent to which omnivores are willing to stop or reduce their consumption of red and processed meat in response to evidence-based information regarding the possible reduction of cancer mortality and incidence achieved by dietary modification; (2) to identify socio-demographic categories associated with higher willingness to change meat consumption and (3) to understand the motives facilitating and hindering such a change.Design:During an initial computer-assisted web interview, respondents were presented with scenarios containing the estimates of the absolute risk reduction in overall cancer incidence and mortality tailored to their declared level of red and processed meat consumption. Respondents were asked whether they would stop or reduce their average meat consumption based on the information provided. Their dietary choices were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews to better understand the rationale for dietary practices and the perception of health information.Participants:The study was conducted among students and staff of three universities in Krakow, Poland.Results:Most of the 513 respondents were unwilling to change their consumption habits. We found gender to be a significant predictor of the willingness. Finally, we identified four themes reflecting key motives that determined meat consumption preferences: the importance of taste and texture, health consciousness, the habitual nature of cooking and persistence of omnivorous habits.Conclusions:When faced with health information about the uncertain reduction in the risk of cancer mortality and incidence, the vast majority of study participants were unwilling to introduce changes in their consumption habits.
ON A PROPERNESS OF THE HILBERT EIGENVARIETY AT INTEGRAL WEIGHTS: THE CASE OF QUADRATIC RESIDUE FIELDS
Authors: Hattori Shin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLetpbe a rational prime. LetFbe a totally real number field such thatFis unramified overpand the residue degree of any prime ideal ofFdividingpis$\leq 2$. In this paper, we show that the eigenvariety for$\mathrm {Res}_{F/\mathbb {Q}}(\mathit {GL}_{2})$, constructed by Andreatta, Iovita, and Pilloni, is proper at integral weights for$p\geq 3$. We also prove a weaker result for$p=2$.
A Multiplicity of Stories: Reading Feminist Orientalism in Scheherazade.2
Authors: Schreiber Rebecca Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the folktale collection One Thousand and One Nights, the narrator Scheherazade escapes the Sultan's physical and sexual brutality through her storytelling; in the dramatic symphony Scheherazade.2, composed by John Adams (2014), the music and its programmatic commentary evoke modern images of women facing violence and oppression. Through a musical story of empowerment and a construction of gender and ethnic identity, Adams utilizes program music's narrative and representational components to challenge contemporary power dynamics on a global scale. Typically, a work like this might be viewed through one of two methodological lenses. A feminist critique of Scheherazade.2 might examine the ways in which the piece confronts misogyny and offers reparation. An orientalist critique might examine the ways in which the piece's invocation of Scheherazade combines with musical and programmatic exoticism to project a cultural “Other.” This article blends these two lenses, using the framework of feminist orientalism to examine the intertwined implications of both angles of critique in the context of transnational feminism. As a Western project alluding to the Arabian world of Scheherazade and the Sultan to tell a story about misogyny, Scheherazade.2 effectively construes such issues of misogyny as “Eastern.” The effect of displacing these problems of violence and oppression onto the East arguably provides a more palatable way for Western audiences to critique the West itself, but ultimately impedes transnational efforts. While seeking broad-scale reparation and advocacy, therefore, Scheherazade.2 nevertheless reinscribes orientalist stereotypes through the constructed narrative of a gendered and ethnic “Other.” A feminist orientalist critique draws out the paradoxical nuances of Scheherazade.2, parsing the dynamic network of musical and extra-musical factors that shape interpretations of the piece and its reparative potential. By considering the complex layers of agency, identity, and interaction that create new meanings in different contexts, this critique highlights the ways in which Scheherazade.2 works to redress issues of misogyny while also perpetuating discourses of essentialization and appropriation. This article argues overall that, by recognizing the feminist orientalist implications of Scheherazade.2, the reparative potential of the piece can be foregrounded and genuinely realized in a transnational context.