bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hologram accuracy evaluation of HoloLens 2 for thermal imaging in medical applications
Authors: Unger Michael , Heinrich Saskia , Rick Matthias , Halama Dirk , Chalopin Claire 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surgical navigation-assisted interventions, providing augmented previously acquired image data to support the physician, are routinely used. Visualization techniques like extended reality (XR) promise improvements because the desired information can be shown where most suitable. The accuracy of such systems is essential for usability in clinical interventions but lacks research. This work shows a system to project thermal data for use in reconstructive surgery and investigates the accuracy of the XR technology. The system consists of a thermal camera (PI450, Optris GmbH, Germany), a depth camera system (D415, Intel Inc., USA), and a HoloLens2 (Microsoft Corp., USA). 5 probands annotated the locations of 9 marker points on a calibration pattern of the real object and the projection in the XR headset. The mean and max residual projection errors were 2.8 and 6.2 mm, respectively. An XR system to superimpose thermal images was shown. The mean projection error of 2.8 mm is sufficient for further exploration of medical applications.
Supervised Machine Learning for Predicting Carbohydrate Malabsorptions Using Hydrogen Breath Tests
Authors: Netzer Michael , Hanser Friedrich , Ledochowski Maximilian , Baumgarten Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Carbohydrate malabsorptions symptoms include intestinal fluid retention, causing diarrhea and abdominal distention. The aim of this work is to create a machine learning model that predicts carbohydrate malabsorption using H2 measurements from lactose and fructose tolerance tests. Methods: We compare the predictive ability of popular classifiers with classifiers that are specifically designed for time series data. Our approach was implemented using sklearn and sktime Python machine learning libraries. Results: The highest predictive ability for the fructose dataset was achieved using a Random Forest Classifier (balanced accuracy = 0.91). In contrast, the highest predictive ability (balanced accuracy = 0.81) for the lactose dataset was obtained using an IndividualTDE time classifier. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high predictive ability for distinguishing between carbohydrate malabsorptions. However, the detection of SIBO is challenging but adapted time classifier models could reach higher performances compared to standard methods. Our results could establish the basis of an expert system for diagnosing carbohydrate malabsorptions and SIBO, respectively.
MEMS Magnetic Field Source for Frequency Conversion Approaches for ME Sensors
Authors: Arbustini Johan , Muñoz Johanna , Wang Huxi , Elzenheimer Eric , Hoffmann Johannes , Thormählen Lars , Hayes Patrick , Niekiel Florian , Heidari Hadi , Höft Michael , Quandt Eckhard , Schmidt Gerhard , Bahr Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some magnetoelectric sensors require predefined external magnetic fields to satisfy optimal operation depending on their resonance frequency. While coils commonly generate this external magnetic field, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator integrated with permanent magnets could be a possible replacement. In this proof-of-concept study, the interaction of a MEMS resonator and the ME sensor is investigated and compared with the standard approach to achieve the best possible sensor operation in terms of sensitivity. The achievable sensor sensitivity was evaluated experimentally by generating the magnetic excitation signal by a coil or a small-sized MEMS resonator. Moreover, the possibility of using both approaches simultaneously was also analysed. The MEMS resonator operated with 20Vppat 1.377 kHz has achieved a sensor sensitivity of 221.21mV/T. This sensitivity is comparable with the standard approach, where only a coil for sensor excitation is used. The enhanced sensitivity of 277.0mV/T could be identified by generating the excitation signal simultaneously by a coil and the MEMS resonator in parallel. In conclusion, these MEMS resonator methods can potentially increase the sensitivity of the ME sensor even further. The unequal excitation frequency of the MEMS resonator and the resonance frequency of the ME sensor currently limit the performance. Furthermore, the MEMS resonator as a coil replacement also enables the complete sensor system to be scaled down. Therefore, optimizations to match both frequencies even better are under investigation.
Influence of crosslinking on the drug release of PLLA/gelatin nonwovens
Authors: Wulf Katharina , Grabow Niels , Illner Sabine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electrospun fibers based on synthetic and natural polymers represent a promising approach in order to mimic the mechanical stability and the required cell-polymer interaction of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), . In this biomedical context, the biodegradable medical grade poly-llactide (PLLA) and the natural gelatin are already well established. However, to obtain a stabilized structured PLLA/gelatin blend, crosslinking of gelatin is required. In this study, the influence of the post processed crosslinking via Glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapor and GTA solution on the morphological and physicochemical properties of the blend, as well as on the in vitrorelease of previously incorporated dexamethasone (DMS), was investigated. The addition of gelatin decreased the fiber diameter and increased the surface hydrophilicity, which is furthermore unaffected by the crosslinking process. The in vitrorelease of DMS was decisively changed by both, the addition of gelatin and the subsequent crosslinking processes. For all modified samples, a very rapid burst release of DMS was detected within the first 24 h, which is crucial for biomedical applications such as tumor therapy.
Water-supported femtosecond laser ablation of Nitinol for cardiovascular stents
Authors: Grossmann Swen , Bohne Eric , Senz Volkmar , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitinol became one of the most prominent materials for biomedical devices. The unique properties such as the shape memory effect and the superelasticity enabled new applications, particularly in the field of stent technologies. Due to their thermosensitivity, manufacturing processes are required that control the heat accumulation in the material. Here we investigate the femtosecond laser ablation of Nitinol supported by a water flow inside the processed tube. We show that laser absorption in the water prevents annealing of the Nitinol, even for high pulse energies. Furthermore, we investigate the groove profiles by scanning electron microscopy and observe minor improvements in the processed structure when using water flow inside the tube. The results show that water-supported femtosecond laser ablation can be used to optimize the fabrication of medical devices such as cardiovascular stents and to reduce processing times.
Holistic Equivalent Circuit Model for Capacitive Extracellular Stimulation
Authors: Polz Mathias , Rath Thomas , Trimmel Gregor , Stoppacher Sara , Nowakowska Marta , Kornmüller Karin , Shestha Niroj , Baumgartner Christian , Rienmüller Theresa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Capacitive extracellular stimulation is a common method in implanted stimulation electrodes. The basis for investigating the transmission of stimuli from an electrode to adhered cells are in vitro experiments using calcium imaging or patch clamp measurements. Computational spatial models are used to simulate the mechanism of signal transmission at the cell-electrode interface but require high computing power. In this work, the Stern model to characterize the electrochemical double-layer (EDL) formation and a modified two-domain model are combined into a holistic equivalent circuit modelling capacitive cell stimulation. The described parameters can be directly associated with physicochemical effects. A simulation of the involved control and measurement systems allows the validation of the model with in vitro patch clamp recordings. The relationship of the cell’s distance to the electrode and efficacy of signal transmission could be observed. With this concept we aim to convert different complex approaches into a simple model and thus give an overview of the mechanisms of stimulation. We want to facilitate the interpretation of measured signals especially in voltage clamp measurements.
“Confucian Revival” From Both Chinese and Western, Ancient and Modern Perspectives: Observations and Reflections on Post-Millennium Research Into Confucianism
Authors: Li Mei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Confucianism in the new millennium has enjoyed a revival, a resurrection even, like a “wandering soul.” Due to this resurgence, whether it is regarded as an object of study, or as part of modern academic research, Confucianism can no longer be seen as an amalgamated entity, as it was in the last century. In contrast, since 2000, research into Confucian thought has changed not just from both Chinese and Western viewpoints, but from ancient and modern perspectives too. In the last century while China responded to the urgent need to modernize, Confucianism, as a system of ideas and concepts that had been part of classical Chinese society, tended to be examined against these historical changes. In so doing, its “resistance” to modernization was emphasized. Post-2000 however, more mainstream scholars have begun to highlight Confucianism as a reflection of the differences between China and the West. The fundamental reasons for the divisions in research today come from researchers in the West and China placing different degrees of importance on different aspects of the philosophy. Moreover, each group’s understanding and interpretation of China’s ancient and modern society differ.
Endurance and Time Travel
Authors: Benovsky Jiri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Suppose that you travel back in time to talk to your younger self in order to tell her that she (you) should have done some things in her (your) life differently. Of course, you will not be able to
make this plan work, we know that from the many versions of `the grandfather paradox' that populate the philosophical literature about time travel. What will be my centre of interest in this paper is the conversation between you and . . . you - i.e. the older you that travelled back in time and the younger you, when you
first meet. As we shall see, given this situation, endurantists will have to endorse a strange consequence of their view: you will turn out to be a universal while your properties will turn out to be particulars.
On Storms in Teacups: Limitations of 3D-4D-Equivalence
Authors: Jaskolla Ludwig J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sometimes the thesis has been put forth that the languages of 3- Dimensionalism and 4-Dimensionalism are completey translatable into each other without any loss of meaning. Prominently, this
thesis has recently been defended by Jonathan Lowe and Storrs McCall. A global inter-translatability would show that there is no deeper systematic or even ontological difference between these philosophical positions despite that both are using a different vocabulary to describe the same features of reality.
In this paper, I want to argue that the thesis of 3D-4D-Equivalence covers some interesting aspects of the discussion between 3-Dimensionalists and 4-Dimensionalists, but is not able to grasp fully the
ontological intuitions of both positions. At the end of the day, it seems necessary to refute the thesis that 3-Dimensionalism and 4-Dimensionalism are eqivalent in the sense that both are completely translatable into each other.
Still My Guitar Gently Weeps. Questions for an Ockhamized Metaphysics of the Event Sources of Sound
Authors: Gasparri Luca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Casati, Di Bona and Dokic have recently argued that sounds are identical to their event sources. In this paper, I review the arguments they have offered in support of this view, show that their claims fail to defend it in a completely persuasive and conclusive fashion, and present some new questions for their thesis
In Search of the Holy Grail of Epistemology
Authors: Zięba Paweł J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pritchard calls his epistemological disjunctivism ‘the holy grail of epistemology’. What this metaphor means is that the acceptance of this thesis puts the internalism-externalism debate to an end, thanks to satisfaction of intuitions standing behind both competing views. Simultaneously, Pritchard strongly emphasizes that the endorsement of epistemological disjunctivism does not commit one to metaphysical disjunctivism. In this paper I analyze the formulations and motivations of epistemological disjunctivism presented by Pritchard and McDowell. Then I consider the most common argument for the claim that epistemological disjunctivism can be held without the support of metaphysical disjunctivism. I conclude that the plausibility of epistemological disjunctivism depends on the plausibility of metaphysical disjunctivism. If the latter is false, the former postulates a set of conditions for epistemic justification that are impossible to be fulfilled.
‘Philosophie’ grammatisch betrachtet. Wittgensteins Begriff der Therapie
Authors: Tarras Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Expressions belonging to the lexical fields of medicine and psychology recur repeatedly throughout Ludwig Wittgenstein’s writings since the 1930s. He uses therapeutic vocabulary mostly in the context of metaphilosophical reflections, i.e. reflections about the activity of philosophizing. But how are we to understand such expressions? Even though some interpreters admit their metaphorical nature, the methodological background of using figurative language has hitherto been neglected concerning this matter. Here, I argue that Wittgensteinian therapy is what G. Lakoff and M. Johnson have termed a “structural metaphor”. Thus we do not only obtain a better understanding of Wittgenstein’s metaphilosophy, but also of the role metaphor use plays within his methodology. I shall try to show that he uses therapeutic metaphors (akin to pictorial elements) as argumentative and epistemological devices and thereby investigates the philosophically problematic expression ‘philosophy’ grammatically
Republican International Relations
Authors: Wood Nathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Contemporary proponents of republican political theory often focus on the concept of freedom as non-domination, and how best to promote it within a state. However, there is little attention paid to what the republican conception of freedom demands in the international realm. In this essay I examine what is required for an agent to enjoy freedom as non-domination, and argue that this might only be achieved for individuals if one of two possibilities is pursued internationally: either (1) all nations are made equally powerful, such that none may arbitrarily impose its will on another without penalty, or (2) all nations are joined under a global sovereign which guarantees that the weaker states are not subject to the whims of the stronger. I further argue that the first condition cannot suffice for achieving true non-domination, and as a result, republicanism must prescribe working toward the establishment of a global state. This paper provides an important contribution to the literature by addressing the international implications of the republican conception of freedom.
Time Order, Time Direction, and the Presentist's View on Spacetime
Authors: Friebe Cord 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The physical possibility of spacetimes containing closed timelike curves (CTCs) challenges the philosophy of time in the way that temporal ordering is, at best, remarkably non-standard: events on CTCs precede themselves. Apparently, such universes do not possess a consistent time order but only a consistent time direction. Thus, temporal directionality seems to be more fundamental than ordering in earlier-later or past-present-future. I will argue that this favors presentism as the adequate ontology of spacetimes: only presentism consistently copes with the idea that temporal ordering depends on empirical constraints. The presentist Now is fundamentally undivided and productively directed towards existence. Time order arises by extending the Now, which can fail and in fact fails in universes containing CTCs.
Moral and Non-moral Testimony { Revisiting an Alleged Asymmetry
Authors: Kiener Maximilian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this essay, I oppose the 'Asymmetry Thesis' according to which moral matters are simply different in kind from non-moral matters when it comes to testimony because moral matters require understanding in a way in which non-moral matters do not. I argue that the requirement of understanding is not unique to morality and also deny that there is a genuine requirement of understanding after all. Instead, cases of moral and non-moral testimony are often troubling for the same reason, namely the violation of the requirement of using one's own cognitive faculties when it is both possible and feasible. I will argue for this account in two stages: Firstly, I will present particular examples of testimony which aim to render this proposal initially plausible via inductive reasoning. Secondly, I will present a transcendental argument from the social function of testimony and explain why such a requirement in fact holds
A Plea for Rhees' Reading of Wittgenstein's On Certainty: is grammar conditioned by certain facts?
Authors: Mota Sergio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper is more than a plea for Rhees' reading of the work of Wittgenstein (particularly of On Certainty). My interest in Rhees' interpretation lies on its resemblance with my own reading, on the one hand, and on its being (surprisingly) unmentioned by other interpreters, on the other. The two core aims of this paper focus on Rhees' main ideas. First, I argue that although certain facts that are accepted beyond doubt belong to the method, which in turn is included in grammar, this does not mean that these facts are expressions of rules of grammar. Second, I argue that grammar is not conditioned by a certain class of facts (i.e. general facts of nature), but a language-game is possible because we do not call in question certain facts (i.e. grammar is not conditioned by something like ontology). The point is that those facts that are not called in question are beyond truth and falsity, but this does not mean that these facts must be true. The logical role these facts (and the sentences used to express them) play in a language-game is not that of being true or false. Moreover, grammar itself constitutes what is meant by `object', `fact', or `general fact of nature'.
Normativity in Lewis' and Bicchieri's Accounts of Conventions and Norms
Authors: Valković Martina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lewis [3] argues that, generally, we ought to conform to conventions because that answers (1) our own preferences, and (2) the preferences of others. While (1) is based on instrumental rationality, (2) is based on a moral principle or norm: other things being equal, we should do what answers others' preferences. Bicchieri [1] claims there is a third kind of normativity, neither rational nor moral, that applies to social norms. I argue that conventions draw their normativity from instrumental rationality and other independent moral principles or norms, and that it is unclear what further normativity could there be.
Three Errors in the Substance View's Defense
Authors: Lovering Rob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to the theory of intrinsic value and moral standing known as the \substance view," all human beings have intrinsic value, full moral standing and, with these, a right to life. The substance view has been defended by numerous contemporary philosophers who use the theory to argue that the standard human fetus has a right to life and, ultimately, that abortion is prima facie seriously wrong. In this paper, I identify three important errors committed by some of these philosophers in their defense of the theory|what I refer to as the \extratheoretical-proposition error," \quantitative-differences error," and \non-normative-answer error"|and conclude that these errors render their defense inadequate.
Warum intellektuelle Toleranz nicht irrational ist
Authors: Balg Dominik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When it comes to disagreements about religious, moral or political questions, many people consider a tolerant `live-and-let-live' attitude to be the best reaction toward conflicting opinions. However, many epistemologists are rather skeptical about the epistemic acceptability of such a tolerant attitude. More specifically, the worry is that a tolerant reaction toward recognized disagreement is necessarily epistemically irrational. After setting out this worry in a little more detail, I will present and discuss three different arguments for the epistemic irrationality of a tolerant attitude toward disagreement. I will argue that while all these arguments ultimately fail, they still reveal some substantial limitations to the epistemic adequacy of intellectual tolerance.
Much Ado about Nothingness?
Authors: Moghri Mohsen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among fundamental metaphysical quests, one might wonder: Why is there anything at all rather than just nothing? Many reject that question because they think it is meaningless, trivial, or necessarily unanswerable. But I provide reasons for thinking that the Why question could make sense and one might even expect an answer to it. I begin by asking why the world is not empty of all concrete things. One might regard this question as important if one accepts that it is, in some sense, possible for all concrete things to vanish, one-by-one. I argue finally that possible replies to the Why question concerning concrete things might point to realities that are abstract instead of concrete. Abstract realities might be explanatorily powerful without their power being guaranteed by Logic.
The Anti-Realist Explanation for Science's Success: Semantics, Method and Attitude
Authors: Silva Bruno Malavolta e 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antirealist explanations for the success of science have been widely discussed up to today and have received several formulations. This makes it rather complex to assess them all. The objective of this paper is to help understand and assess the proposal of an anti-realist explanation for science's success. I show the core assumptions contained in the several anti- realist explanations, how they relate to each other, and which background assumptions are required in order to warrant each position. I argue that, since the many anti-realist explanations are only plausible when maintained conjointly, there is essentially only one anti-realist account to science's success: scientists find successful (and even fertile) theories because they use methods of theory-selection and theory-construction that preserve only successful theories; the fact that these theories prove themselves successful will not be mysterious if it is conjointly assumed that false theories are often empirically successful. This explanation relies on a semantic and a methodological view concerning the probabilistic relation between success and truth, and also on an epistemic stance regarding the limits of explanatory reasoning. The crucial divergence between realist and antirealist accounts of science's success lies in how probable they assess the possibility of a theory to be false and empirically successful. Since the stale-mate between realist and antirealist explanations results from a prior disagreement about the probabilistic connection between success and truth (or the underdetermination thesis), the challenge raised by the antirealist explanation to realism becomes equivalent to the traditional charge that the no-miracles argument is circular.