bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexoelectric Domain Walls Originated from Structural Phase Transition in Epitaxial BiVO4 Films
Authors: Shao Pao‐Wen , Liu Heng‐Jui , Sun Yuanwei , Wu Mei , Peng Ren‐Ci , Wang Meng , Xue Fei , Cheng Xiaoxing , Su Lei , Gao Peng , Yu Pu , Chen Long‐Qing , Pan Xiaoqing , Ivry Yachin , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chu Ying‐Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolar domain walls in centrosymmetric ferroelastics induce inhomogeneity that is the origin of advantageous multifunctionality. In particular, polar domain walls promote charge‐carrier separation and hence are promising for energy conversion applications that overcome the hurdles of the rate‐limiting step in the traditional photoelectrochemical water splitting processes. Yet, while macroscopic studies investigate the materials at the device scale, the origin of this phenomenon in general and the emergence of polar domain walls during the structural phase transition in particular has remained elusive, encumbering the development of this attractive system. Here, it is demonstrated that twin domain walls arise in centrosymmetric BiVO4 films and they exhibit localized piezoelectricity. It is also shown that during the structural phase transition from the tetragonal to monoclinic, the symmetry reduction is accompanied by an emergence of strain gradient, giving rise to flexoelectric effect and the polar domain walls. These results not only expose the emergence of polar domain walls at centrosymmetric systems by means of direct observation, but they also expand the realm of potential application of ferroelastics, especially in photoelectrochemistry and local piezoelectricity.
An Anti‐Biofouling Flexible Fiber Biofuel Cell Working in the Brain
Authors: Guo Yue , Chen Chuanrui , Feng Jianyou , Wang Liyuan , Wang Jiajia , Tang Chengqiang , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiofuel cell (BFC) that transfers chemical energy into electricity is a promising candidate as an energy‐harvesting device for implantable electronics. However, there still remain major challenges for implantable BFCs, including bulky and rigid device structure mismatching with soft tissues such as the brain, and the power output decreases due to the fouling process in a biological environment. Here, a flexible and anti‐biofouling fiber BFC working in the brain chronically is developed. The fiber BFC is based on a carbon nanotube fiber electrode to possess small size and flexibility. A hydrophilic zwitterionic anti‐biofouling polydopamine‐2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine layer is designed on the surface of fiber BFC to resist the nonspecific protein adsorption in a complex biological environment. After implantation, the fiber BFC can achieve a stable device/tissue interface, along with a negligible immune response. The fiber BFC has first realized power generation in the mouse brain for over a month, exhibiting its promising prospect as an energy‐harvesting device in vivo.
Atom‐Resolved Investigation on Dynamic Nucleation and Growth of Platinum Nanocrystals
Authors: Ye Huanyu , Yang Feng , Sun Yinghui , Wang Rongming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of nucleation and growth of nanocrystals is crucial for designing and regulating the structure and properties of nanocrystals. However, the process from molecules to nanocrystals remains unclear because of the rapid and complicated dynamics of evolution under reaction conditions. Here, the complete evolution process of solid‐phase chloroplatinic acid during the electron beam irradiation triggered reduction and nucleation of platinum nanocrystals is recorded. Aberration‐corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy is used for direct visualization of the dynamic evolution from H2PtCl6 to Pt nanocrystals at the atomic scale, including the formation and growth of amorphous clusters, crystallization, and growth of clusters, and the ripening of Pt nanocrystals. At the first two stages, there exists a critical size of ≈2.0 nm, which represents the start of crystallization. Crystallization from the center and density fluctuation are observed in the second stage of the crystallization of a few clusters with a size obviously larger than the critical size. The work provides valuable information to understand the kinetics of the early stage of nanocrystal nucleation and crystallization at atomic scale.
Experimental study, modeling, and reliability analysis of impact resistance of micro steel fiber‐reinforced concrete modified with nano silica
Authors: Haruna Sadi I. , Zhu Han , Shao Jianwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental, statistical modeling, and reliability analysis of impact resistance of micro steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) incorporated with nano silica (NS) using a drop‐weight impact test. U‐shaped concrete specimens were developed for the experimental work. The result showed that the combined effect of micro steel fiber (SF) and NS led to significant improvement of impact resistance of concrete mixtures, and lower ductility ratios were obtained for specimens with high SF and NS content. A common failure pattern was observed for all the concrete specimens. The response surface methodology models developed to predict the impact resistance of FRC‐NS mixtures showed a high degree of correlation. Due to the variation in the drop‐weight impact test' result, the Weibull distribution (WD) function was employed for advance analysis, and the result revealed that the probabilistic distribution of first crack strength (N1) and failure strength (N2) follows the two‐parameter WD.
Complex Coacervation and Compartmentalized Conversion of Prebiotically Relevant Metabolites**
Authors: Smokers Iris B. A. , van Haren Merlijn H. I. , Lu Tiemei , Spruijt Evan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetabolism and compartmentalization are two of life's most central elements. Constructing synthetic assemblies based on prebiotically relevant molecules that combine these elements can provide insight into the requirements for the formation of life‐like protocells from abiotic building blocks. In this work, we show that a wide variety of small anionic metabolites can form complex coacervate protocells with oligoarginine (R10) by phase separation. The coacervate stability can be rationalized by the molecular structure of the metabolites, and we show that three negative charges for carboxylates, or two negative charges complemented with an unsaturated moiety for phosphates and sulfates is sufficient for phase separation. The metabolites remain reactive after compartmentalization, and we show that protometabolic reactions can induce coacervate formation. The resulting coacervates can localize other metabolites and enhance their conversion. Finally, reactions of compartmentalized metabolites can also alter the physicochemical properties of the coacervates and ultimately lead to protocell dissolution. These results reveal the intricate interplay between (proto)metabolic reactions and coacervate compartments, and show that coacervates are excellent candidates for metabolically active protocells.
Impact of non‐binding FDA guidances on primary endpoint selection in Alzheimer's disease trials
Authors: Yu Jeffrey C. , Hlávka Jakub P. , Joe Elizabeth , Richmond Frances J. , Lakdawalla Darius N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s guidances help describe the agency's current thinking on regulatory issues and serve as a means of informal policymaking that is non‐binding. This study examines the impact of two guidance documents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials. The first guidance in 2013 encouraged the use of cognitive/functional endpoints, while the second in 2018 modified such recommendation.MethodsUsing pivotal trial data, we applied a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) framework to examine trialist response to these guidance documents. Results were stratified by disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) status, and controlled for disease staging, FDA registration status, and trial phase.ResultsAmong AD DMT trials, annual use of cognitive/functional composite endpoints significantly increased after the 2013 guidance (+12.9%, P < .001), and significantly decreased after the 2018 guidance (–19.9%, P = .022).DiscussionAlthough guidance documents do not set new legal standards or impose binding requirements, our findings indicate they are broadly followed by AD trialists.
Evoking empathy—An overlooked role of animal statues in zoos
Authors: Wilson Jennifer K. , Nageotte Nichole L. , Pletcher Nette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmpathy towards animals is a known influential factor in the likelihood for individuals to engage in conservation behavior, so it is of significant interest that the zoo community considers how to evoke constructive empathetic responses in their guests. To date, much of the research that has been conducted on empathy in zoos has focused on live animals, but are we overlooking a potential instrument of empathy‐building? Based on observations made during an evaluation of guest interactions with a bronze animal statue, this paper will explore the potential for static, lifelike animal statues to serve as conduits for empathy‐building and make a strong argument for the much needed research in this area.
Extracellular vesicles-associated tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs): biogenesis, biological functions, and their role as potential biomarkers in human diseases
Authors: Weng Qiuyan , Wang Yao , Xie Yaoyao , Yu Xiuchong , Zhang Shuangshuang , Ge Jiaxin , Li Zhe , Ye Guoliang , Guo Junming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditionally, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) specifically decoded messenger RNA (mRNA) and participated in protein translation. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), also known as tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), are generated by the specific cleavage of pre- and mature tRNAs and are a class of newly defined functional small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). Following the different cleavage positions of precursor or mature tRNA, tRFs are classified into seven types, 5′-tRNA half, 3′-tRNA half, tRF-1, 5′U-tRF, 3′-tRF, 5′-tRF, and i-tRF. It has been demonstrated that tRFs have a diverse range of biological functions in cellular processes, which include inhibiting protein translation, modulating stress response, regulating gene expression, and involvement in cell cycles and epigenetic inheritance. Emerging evidences have indicated that tRFs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to act as regulatory molecules in various cellular processes and play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, the dysregulation of EV-associated tRFs has been associated with the occurrence and progression of a variety of cancers and they can serve as novel potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In this review, the biogenesis and classification of tRFs are summarized, and the biological functions of EV-associated tRFs and their roles as potential biomarkers in human diseases are discussed.
Characteristics of adults with type 1 diabetes and treatment-resistant problematic hypoglycaemia: a baseline analysis from the HARPdoc RCT
Authors: Jacob Peter , Potts Laura , Maclean Rory H. , de Zoysa Nicole , Rogers Helen , Gonder-Frederick Linda , Smith Emma L. , Kariyawasam Dulmini , Brooks Augustin , Heller Simon , Toschi Elena , Kendall Mike , Bakolis Ioannis , Choudhary Pratik , Goldsmith Kimberley , Amiel Stephanie A. ,   for the HARPdoc study group
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Problematic hypoglycaemia still complicates insulin therapy for some with type 1 diabetes. This study describes baseline emotional, cognitive and behavioural characteristics in participants in the HARPdoc trial, which evaluates a novel intervention for treatment-resistant problematic hypoglycaemia.

Methods
We documented a cross-sectional baseline description of 99 adults with type 1 diabetes and problematic hypoglycaemia despite structured education in flexible insulin therapy. The following measures were included: Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey II (HFS-II); Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycaemia questionnaire (A2A); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Index; and Problem Areas In Diabetes. k-mean cluster analysis was applied to HFS-II and A2A factors. Data were compared with a peer group without problematic hypoglycaemia, propensity-matched for age, sex and diabetes duration (n = 81).

Results
The HARPdoc cohort had long-duration diabetes (mean ± SD 35.8 ± 15.4 years), mean ± SD Gold score 5.3 ± 1.2 and a median (IQR) of 5.0 (2.0–12.0) severe hypoglycaemia episodes in the previous year. Most individuals had been offered technology and 49.5% screened positive for anxiety (35.0% for depression and 31.3% for high diabetes distress). The cohort segregated into two clusters: in one (n = 68), people endorsed A2A cognitive barriers to hypoglycaemia avoidance, with low fear on HFS-II factors; in the other (n = 29), A2A factor scores were low and HFS-II high. Anxiety and depression scores were significantly lower in the comparator group.

Conclusions/interpretation
The HARPdoc protocol successfully recruited people with treatment-resistant problematic hypoglycaemia. The participants had high anxiety and depression. Most of the cohort endorsed unhelpful health beliefs around hypoglycaemia, with low fear of hypoglycaemia, a combination that may contribute to persistence of problematic hypoglycaemia and may be a target for adjunctive psychological therapies.

Graphical abstract
Ultra-processed foods and obesity and adiposity parameters among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: De Amicis Ramona , Mambrini Sara Paola , Pellizzari Marta , Foppiani Andrea , Bertoli Simona , Battezzati Alberto , Leone Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAccording to the NOVA classification, ultra-processed foods are products made through physical, biological and chemical processes and typically with multiple ingredients and additives, in which whole foods are mostly or entirely absent. From a nutritional point of view, they are typically energy-dense foods high in fat, sugar, and salt and low in fiber. The association between the consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity and adiposity measurements has been established in adults. However, the situation remains unclear in children and adolescents.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review, in which we summarize observational studies investigating the association between the consumption of ultra-processed food, as defined by NOVA classification, and obesity and adiposity parameters among children and adolescents. A literature search was performed using PUBMED and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published prior to May 2021.ResultsTen studies, five longitudinal and five cross-sectional, mainly conducted in Brazil, were included in this review. Four longitudinal studies in children with a follow-up longer than 4 years found a positive association between the consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity and adiposity parameters, whereas cross-sectional studies failed to find an association.ConclusionThese data suggest that a consistent intake of ultra-processed foods over time is needed to impact nutritional status and body composition of children and adolescents. Further well-designed prospective studies worldwide are needed to confirm these findings considering country-related differences in dietary habits and food production technologies.
Non-surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity: results of an intensive combined physical and psychological programme for patients with adult spinal deformity and chronic low back pain—a treatment-based cohort study
Authors: Hoevenaars Evelien H. W. , Beekhuizen Michiel , O’Dowd John , Spruit Maarten , van Hooff Miranda L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
No evidence-based treatment exists for adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Aim of this study: evaluate a combined physical and psychological programme (CPPP) for ASD patients with CLBP and to compare this with a non-ASD-cohort with CLBP.

Methods
Data were extracted from the database of CLBP-patients for whom surgery is not an option and completed CPPP. Two cohorts were selected: an ASD-cohort (n = 80) based on a Cobb angle of > 10° and a consecutive age- and gender-matched non-ASD-cohort (n = 240). Primary outcome: functional status (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI). Secondary outcomes: pain intensity, self-efficacy and quality of life. Assessments: pre and post treatment, one-month and one-year follow-up (FU). Clinical relevance: minimal important clinical change (MCIC; ODI 10 points), patient acceptable symptom state (PASS; ODI ≤ 22).

Results
Demographics ASD-cohort: 79% female, mean age 50.9 (± 14.1) years, mean CLBP duration 15.5 (± 12.5) years, mean Cobb angle 21.4 (± 9.4)°. Non-ASD-cohort: not significantly different. Both cohorts improved in functional status (F[1,318] = 142.982, p < .001; r = 0.31). The ASD-cohort improved from mean ODI 39.5(± 12.0) at baseline to mean ODI 31.8(± 16.5) at one-year FU. Clinical relevance: 51% of the ASD patients reached MCIC and 33% reached a PASS. An interaction effect is shown between time and both cohorts (F[1,318] = 8.2, p = .004; r = 0.03); however, not clinically relevant. All secondary outcomes: improvement at one-year FU.

Conclusion
This is the first study showing beneficial outcomes of a non-surgical treatment in selected ASD patients with longstanding CLBP. Improvement is shown in functional status, and appeared equivalent to the non-ASD cohort.

Level of Evidence 1
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Are Special Biserial Algebras Homologically Tame?
Authors: Ringel Claus Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBirge Huisgen-Zimmermann calls a finite dimensional algebra homologically tame provided the little and the big finitistic dimension are equal and finite. The question formulated in the title has been discussed by her in the paper “Representation-tame algebras need not be homologically tame”, by looking for any r ≥ 1 at a sequence of algebras Λm with big finitistic dimension r + m. As we will show, also the little finitistic dimension of Λm is r + m. It follows that contrary to her assertion, all the algebras Λm are homologically tame.
Online peer-to-peer lending platform and supply chain finance decisions and strategies
Authors: Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Safaei Aria Zaker , Bhattacharya Arijit , Amjadian Alireza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOnline peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform is an emerging FinTech business model that establishes a link between investors and recipients of capital in supply chains (SCs). Businesses face capital constraints impacting directly on their final product price and demand. This article studies optimal decisions and operational strategies in a logistics network considering two capital-constrained manufacturers who produce products of different qualities and sell them to a retailer having deterministic demand over a specific period. The high quality product manufacturer borrows capital through an online P2P lending platform with a service fee, while the low quality product manufacturer pre-sells products for competing with the high quality product manufacturer. In this study, we find optimal prices of the SC participants, service rate of the online P2P platform and percentage of the pre-ordering quantity of the retailer. We analyse optimal Stackelberg and Nash equilibrium of the SC participants. We find that an increase in the amount of opportunity cost will cause a decrease in the pre-ordering quantity of the retailer affecting the SC profit in numerous ways. The online P2P lending platform should consider the amount of the retailer’s target profit in determining the platform’s service rate. We posit some practical insights based on our numerical study and observations for SC managers enabling them to take appropriate measures about their optimal strategies according to the networks’ existing economic conditions.
Organizations as Spaces for Caring: A Case of an Anti-trafficking Organization in India
Authors: D’Souza Roscoe Conan , Martí Ignasi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrior research has shown that human trafficking has multiple facets and is deeply enmeshed in societies around the world. Two central challenges for anti-trafficking organizations pertain to confronting systemic injustices and establishing caring organizations for survivors to start the process of healing and restoration. Analyzing the work of an anti-trafficking organization, International Sanctuary (ISanctuary) in Mumbai, we seek to elucidate how a space for caring for trafficking survivors is constructed in a largely non-egalitarian and unjust context. We contribute to discussions on how caring infrastructures are possibly developed so that they do not write off (pre)existing gendered and in-egalitarian social structures and how they shape individual biographies. We also highlight how the specific, situated context—defined by those very structures—shapes and influences the transformative potential of care interventions.
Synthesis, characterization and application of chitosan conjugated heterocyclic compounds
Authors: El-Gharably Atif A. , Kenawy El-Refaie S. , Safaan Ahmed A. , Aboamna Saad A. , Mahmoud Yehia A.-G. , Mandour Hamada S. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDerivatives of formyl pyrazole were synthesized by the reaction of acetophenone, 4-methyl acetophenone, 3-acetyl furan, 3-acetyl thiophen and phenyl hydrazine derivatives. The product was treated with Vilsmeier reagent producing different formyl pyrazole derivatives which were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, Elemental analysis and Mass spectroscopy. The formyl pyrazole derivatives were reacted with chitosan to produce chitosan/ pyrazole Schiff base. These Schiff bases were characterized by FT-IR and TGA.The antimicrobial activity of chitosan/ pyrazol Schiff base (CSB) was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), gram negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and fungus (Aspergillus niger). Results indicated agood inhibitory activity for CSB-14 when tested against B.cereus that gave inhibition zone of 7.5 ± 0.6 (mm), however CSB-18 gave a pronounced inhibitory activity against S. aureus and recorded 25 ± 2.0 (mm). All synthesized derivatives have no inhibitory activity against Gram negative E. coli. CSB-14, and CSB-15 exhibited inhibitory activity against tested A. niger that was used as a fungal model which gave 19 ± 0.9 and 18 ± 1.0 inhibition zone (mm) respectively. Thus, these results showed that, functionalization of chitosan with the hetero-cyclic compounds created biological activities of the synthesized derivatives; hence the synthesized pyrazole derivatives have not recorded any inhibitory activity before its immobilization onto chitosan.
Paraconsistent Metatheory: New Proofs with Old Tools
Authors: Badia Guillermo , Weber Zach , Girard Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is a step toward showing what is achievable using non-classical metatheory—particularly, a substructural paraconsistent framework. What standard results, or analogues thereof, from the classical metatheory of first order logic(s) can be obtained? We reconstruct some of the originals proofs for Completeness, Löwenheim-Skolem and Compactness theorems in the context of a substructural logic with the naive comprehension schema. The main result is that paraconsistent metatheory can ‘re-capture’ versions of standard theorems, given suitable restrictions and background assumptions; but the shift to non-classical logic may recast the meanings of these apparently ‘absolute’ theorems.