bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of Kinect v2 for quantifying upper body kinematics during seated reaching
Authors: Faity Germain , Mottet Denis , Froger Jérôme 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundKinematic analysis of the upper limbs is a good way to assess and monitor recovery in individuals with stroke, but remains little used in clinical routine due to its low feasibility. The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Kinect v2 for the assessment of 17 kinematic variables commonly used in the analysis of upper limb reaching in stroke.Methods26 healthy participants performed seated hand-reaching tasks while holding a dumbbell to induce a behaviour similar to that of a person with a stroke. 3D upper limb and trunk motion were simultaneously recorded with the Kinect v2 (Microsoft, USA) and with the VICON (OxfordMetrics, UK), the latter being the reference system. For each kinematic outcome, the validity of the Kinect was assessed with ICC, linear regression and Bland & Altman plots.ResultsThe Kinect assesses trunk compensations, hand range of motion, movement time and mean velocity with a moderate to excellent reliability. In contrast, elbow and shoulder range of motion, time to peak velocity and path length ratio have a poor to moderate reliability, indicating that these variables should be interpreted with caution. Finally, instantaneous hand and elbow tracking are not precise enough to reliably assess Cartesian and angular kinematics over time, rendering variables such as the number of velocity peaks and the peak hand velocity unusable.ConclusionsThanks to its ease of use and markerless properties, the Kinect can be used in clinical routine for semi-automated quantitative diagnostics guiding individualised rehabilitation of the upper limb. However, engineers and therapists must bear in mind the limitations of the Kinect for the instantaneous tracking of the hand and elbow.
The cross-domain functional organisation of posterior lateral temporal cortex: Insights from ALE meta-analyses of seven cognitive domains spanning 9515 participants
Authors: Hodgson Victoria J. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Jackson Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe posterior lateral temporal cortex is implicated in many verbal, nonverbal and social cognitive domains and processes. Yet without directly comparing these disparate domains, the region’s organisation remains unclear; do distinct processes engage discrete subregions, or could different domains engage shared neural correlates and processes? Here, using activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses, the bilateral posterior lateral temporal cortex subregions engaged in seven domains were directly compared. These domains comprised semantics, semantic control, phonology, biological motion, face processing, theory of mind, and representation of tools. Whilst phonology and biological motion were predominantly associated with distinct regions, other domains implicated overlapping areas, perhaps due to shared underlying processes. Theory of mind recruited regions implicated in semantic representation in the left hemisphere, tools engaged semantic control areas, and faces engaged subregions for biological motion and theory of mind. This cross-domain approach provides insight into how posterior lateral temporal cortex is organised and why.
High-Throughput Screening for Myelination Promoting Compounds Using Human Stem Cell-derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Identifies Novel Targets
Authors: Li Weifeng , Berlinicke Cynthia , Huang Yinyin , Fang Weixiang , Chen Celeste , Takaesu Felipe , Chang Xiaoli , Duan Yukan , Chang Calvin , Mao Hai-Quan , Sheng Guoqing , Giera Stefanie , Dodge James C. , Ji Hongkai , Madden Stephen , Zack Donald J. , Chamling Xitiz 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTPromoting myelination capacity of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is a promising therapeutic approach for central nervous system demyelinating disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To aid in the discovery of myelination promoting compounds, we generated an advanced, genome engineered, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line that consist of three reporters (identification-and-purification tag, GFP, and secreted NanoLuc) driven by the endogenous PDGFRα, PLP1 and MBP genes, respectively. Based upon this line, we established a high-throughput drug screening platform and performed a small molecule screen with 2500 bioactive molecules. In addition to a number of previously known pathways, our screening effort identified new pathways whose inhibition enhance oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Although further genetic and molecular validation is required, the identified inhibitors could potentially be repurposed to develop remyelination therapy for MS and other demyelinating disorders.
Genomic diversity ofHelicobacter pyloripopulations from different regions of the human stomach
Authors: Wilkinson D.J. , Dickins B. , Robinson K. , Winter J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndividuals infected withHelicobacter pyloriharbour unique and diverse populations of quasispecies, but diversity between and within different regions of the human stomach and the process of bacterial adaptation to each location are not yet well understood.We applied whole-genome deep sequencing to characterise the within- and between- stomach region genetic diversityof H. pyloripopulations from paired antrum and corpus biopsies of 15 patients, along with single biopsies from one region of 3 patients, by scanning allelic diversity. We combined population deep sequencing with more conventional sequencing of multipleH. pylorisingle colony isolates from individual biopsies to generate a unique dataset. Single colony isolates were used to validate the scanning allelic diversity pipelines.We detected extensive population allelic diversity within the different regions of each patient’s stomach. Diversity was most commonly found within non-coding, hypothetical, outer membrane, restriction modification system, virulence, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, efflux systems and chemotaxis-associated genes. Antrum and corpus populations from the same patient grouped together phylogenetically, indicating that most patients were initially infected with a single strain, which then diversified. Single colonies from the antrum and corpus of the same patients grouped into distinct clades, suggesting mechanisms for within-location adaptation across multipleH. pyloriisolates from different patients. Recombination was observed both within and between different regions of the same stomach.The comparisons made available by combined sequencing and analysis of isolates and populations enabled comprehensive analysis of the genetic changes associated withH. pyloridiversification and stomach region adaptation.
Metagenomics revealing molecular profiling of microbial community structure and metabolic capacity in Bamucuo, Tibet
Authors: Wei Cai , Sun Dan , Yuan Wenliang , Li Lei , Dai Chaoxu , Chen Zuozhou , Zeng Xiaomin , Wang Shihang , Zhang Yuyang , Jiang Shouwen , Wu Zhichao , Liu Dong , Jiang Linhua , Peng Sihua 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWe performed a survey of the microorganisms in Bamucuo, Tibet, resulting in 160,212 (soil) and 135,994 (water) contigs by shotgun metagenomic methods. We discovered 74 new bacterial species and reconstructed their draft genomes, which were obtained from the 75 reconstructed almost complete metagenomic assembly genomes (MAG) in the soil and water samples. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were found to be the most dominant bacterial phyla, while Euryarchaeota was the most dominant archaeal phylum. To our surprise,Pandoravirus salinuswas found in the soil microbial community. We concluded that the microorganisms in Bamucuo fix carbon mainly through the 3-hydroxypropionic bi-cycle pathway.IMPORTANCEThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the highest plateau in the world, and the microorganisms there play vital ecological roles in the global biogeochemical cycle; however, detailed information on the microbial communities in QTP is still lacking, especially in high altitude areas above 4500 meters. This study, for the first time, characterized the microbial community composition and metabolic capacity in QTP high-altitude areas (with an altitude of 4,555 meters), confirmed that QTP is a huge and valuable resource bank in which more new non-resistant antibiotics and many other bioactive substances could be developed. In addition, the discovery ofPandoravirus salinusin the soil provides important information for further exploring this unique microorganism, and many draft genomes and the genome annotation information obtained in this study have laid the foundation for further in-depth study of the microbial ecology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Mechanisms linking physical activity with psychiatric symptoms: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Ho Phuong Thuy , Pham Bich Tram Ha , Tong Thao , Bramer Wichor M , Hofman Amy , Lubans David R , Vernooij Meike W , Rodriguez-Ayllon María 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionPersistent psychiatric symptomatology during childhood and adolescence predicts vulnerability to experience mental illness in adulthood. Physical activity is well-known to provide mental health benefits across the lifespan. However, the underlying mechanisms linking physical activity and psychiatric symptoms remain underexplored. In this context, we aim to systematically synthesize evidence focused on the mechanisms through which physical activity might reduce psychiatric symptoms across all ages.Methods and analysisWith the aid of a biomedical information specialist, we will develop a systematic search strategy based on the predetermined research question in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PsycINFO. Two independent reviewers will screen and select studies, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. In case of inability to reach a consensus, a third person will be consulted. We will not apply any language restriction, and we will perform a qualitative synthesis of our findings as we anticipate that studies are scarce and heterogeneous.Ethics and disseminationOnly data that has already been published will be included. Then, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. Additionally, we will communicate our findings to healthcare providers and other sections of society (e.g., through regular channels, including social media).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021239440Strengths and limitations of this studyThis protocol has been designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses for Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and guidelines of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care.This protocol presents a cautiously designed search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and timespan and age-range coverage.A possible limitation is that included studies might be heterogeneous in the study design, data collection methods, and data analysis which might limit the ability to synthesize the results using a meta-analysis.The value of this systematic review depends on the quality and availability of the evidence on the topic.
Discovery and characterization of the first known biological lanthanide chelator
Authors: Zytnick Alexa M. , Gutenthaler-Tietze Sophie M. , Aron Allegra T. , Reitz Zachary L. , Phi Manh Tri , Good Nathan M. , Petras Daniel , Daumann Lena J. , Martinez-Gomez N. Cecilia 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTMany bacteria secrete metallophores, low-molecular weight organic compounds that bind ions with high selectivity and affinity, in order to access essential metals from the environment.1Previous work has elucidated the structures and biosynthetic machinery of metallophores specific for iron, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, and copper.1No lanthanide-specific metallophore has been discovered despite the knowledge that lanthanide metals (Ln) have been revealed to be essential cofactors for certain alcohol dehydrogenases across a diverse range of phyla.2Here, we report the biosynthetic machinery, the structure, and the physiological relevance of the first known lanthanophore, methylolanthanin. The structure of methylolanthanin exhibits a unique 4-hydroxybenzoate moiety which has not previously been described in other metallophores. We find that production of methylolanthanin is required for normal levels of Ln accumulation in the methylotrophic bacteriumMethylobacterium extorquensAM1, while overexpression of the molecule greatly increases bioaccumulation. Our results provide a clearer understanding of how Ln-utilizing bacteria sense, scavenge, and store Ln; essential processes in the environment where Ln are poorly bioavailable. Beyond Ln, we anticipate our study to be a starting point for understanding how organisms acquire otherf-block metals, the actinides.3More broadly, the discovery of a lanthanophore opens doors for study of how biosynthetic gene clusters are repurposed for new functions, how metallophores acquire their metal specificity, and the complex relationship between metal homeostasis and fitness.
HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGFβ-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity
Authors: Green Lisa C , Slone Samuel , Anthony Sarah R , Aube Jeffrey , Wu Xiaoqing , Xu Liang , Kanisicak Onur , Tranter Michael 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTCardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGFβ-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. To delineate HuR-dependent mechanisms, we used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to identify eleven mRNA transcripts that showed enriched HuR binding following TGFβ treatment as well as significant co-expression correlation with HuR, αSMA, and periostin using single-cell RNA-sequencing from ischemic-zone isolated fibroblasts. Of these, Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (Wisp1; Ccn4), was the most significantly associated with HuR expression in fibroblasts. Accordingly, we found Wisp1 expression to be increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion, and confirmed Wisp1 expression to be HuR-dependent in isolated fibroblasts. Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 is able to partially rescue myofibroblast contractile function following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGFβ. In conclusion, HuR activity is necessary for the functional activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGFβ, in part through post-transcriptional regulation of Wisp1.HIGHLIGHTSThe RNA binding protein HuR is highly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and its expression strongly correlates with markers of active myofibroblastsHuR inhibition reduces migration, contraction, and ECM production activity of cardiac fibroblastsExpression of the secreted matricellular protein, Wisp1, is increased in a HuR-dependent manner following TGFβ treatmentRecombinant Wisp1 rescues myofibroblast contractile function following HuR inhibitionHuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for myofibroblast activation
Foreign competition and corporate social responsibility: the role of the firm–government relationships
Authors: Meng Shuang , Sima Yueling 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) among domestic firms in emerging countries is affected by foreign competition.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper combines the resource-based view with the institution-based view to explain how different levels of firm–government relationships prompt firms to enact CSR when facing foreign competition. First, this paper examines how domestic firms engage in CSR in the presence of foreign competition, followed by the consideration of how different firm–government relationships affect CSR strategies for firms faced with foreign competition. Using a database of 1,665 publicly listed Chinese firms between 2011 and 2017, this paper tests four hypotheses regarding CSR behaviors, foreign competition and firm–government relationships, and the findings of this paper generally support all four hypotheses.

Findings
This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that domestic firms in China respond to foreign competition by increased engagement in CSR, and this positive relationship is heterogeneous among different firm–government relationships. CSR is attenuated by state ownership but enhanced by high industry competition and high regional marketization.

Practical implications
The findings of this research have implications for managers regarding the integration of internal and external resources to enhance CSR as a nonmarket strategy to help maintain firms’ competitive advantages. For the government, policymakers should establish and maintain a fair and market-oriented environment that encourages firms to increase CSR engagement.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the literature exploring the mechanisms that motivate firms’ pursuit of CSR as a nonmarket strategy under the impact of intensified foreign competition.
Mediation effect of product diversification on the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and firm value in China
Authors: Shen Ning , Zhuo Zhiyi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Based on upper echelons (UE) theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate a conceptualized moderated mediation model for examining the effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and firm value in China through the mediating effect of product diversification, the moderating effect of ownership type between TMT heterogeneity and product diversification and the moderating effect of executive shareholding between product diversification and firm value.

Design/methodology/approach
Unbalanced panel data were collected over 5 years with a total of 6,597 observations, organized through the WIND (Wind Economic Database) and CSMAR (China Stock Market and Accounting Research) Database. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and analyzed with stata15.0 software.

Findings
The results indicated that product diversification plays a mediating role between TMT heterogeneity and firm value. In China, TMT heterogeneity of non–state-owned enterprises plays a more significant role in promoting product diversification than that of state-owned enterprises; executive shareholding strengthens the relationship between product diversification and firm value.

Research limitations/implications
The characteristic dimension of TMT is seen as a relatively static factor, and it is worth looking at whether a more dynamic system of evaluation and measurement can be established.

Originality/value
This study enriches theoretical research on TMT and contributes to UE theory in several ways. First, we studied the mediation effect of product diversification between TMT heterogeneity and firm value. This extends research on UE theory to possible process variables. Second, considering the influence of the unique institutional environment in China on corporate strategic decisions, the study investigates state-owned and non–state-owned enterprises. Specifically, it looks at the influence of ownership type as a moderating variable between TMT heterogeneity and product diversification. Third, the paper discusses the moderating effect of executive shareholding on the product diversification–firm value relationship. The research contributes to agency theory and expands research on different economic systems by implementing agency theory.
Mitigation of contractual breaches in international construction joint ventures under conditions of absent legal recourse: case studies from Iran
Authors: Mirzaee Ali Mohammad , Hosseini M. Reza , Martek Igor , Rahnamayiezekavat Payam , Arashpour Mehrdad 
Published: January 2022

PurposeLegal remedies are incorporated into international construction joint ventures (ICJVs) to mitigate contractual breaches. The effectiveness of remedies is predicated on two conditions; the comprehensiveness of the contract and its enforceability within the jurisdiction of interpretation. Relational-related weaknesses contribute to contracting parties placing a premium on the contract's capacity for mediating the relationship. However, contracts are not always enforceable. This study aims to examine means by which joint venture relational governance can be maintained under conditions of minimal legal recourse.Design/methodology/approachA relational contracting (RC) theory was used as the theoretical underpinning of the paper. Data were collected and analyzed following a multiple-case study approach from case projects in which ICJVs' was used.FindingsThe findings reveal (1) 17 relational and contractual governance problems; the main six being contractual flexibility, contractual joint venture system, contract reviewing, project conflict, national culture and leader–follower transgressions; (2) relational and contractual governance problems are managed differently, depending on financing sources and partners' national culture; and (3) that a developed RC-based framework comprising four stages is able to facilitate relational and contractual governance in ICJVs.Originality/valueThis study is novel in providing a guided approach to developing non-legal remedies for the mitigation of contractual breaches in ICJVs, grounded in theory and contextualized for the construction sector.