bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real regular KP divisors on $${\texttt {M}}$$-curves and totally non-negative Grassmannians
Authors: Abenda Simonetta , Grinevich Petr G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we construct an explicit map from planar bicolored (plabic) trivalent graphs representing a given irreducible positroid cell $${{\mathcal {S}}}_{{\mathcal {M}}}^{\text{ TNN }}$$

S

M

TNN

in the totally non-negative Grassmannian $$Gr^{\text{ TNN }}(k,n)$$

G

r

TNN

(
k
,
n
)

to the spectral data for the relevant class of real regular Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II (KP-II) solutions, thus completing the search of real algebraic-geometric data for the KP-II equation started in Abenda and Grinevich (Commun Math Phys 361(3):1029–1081, 2018; Sel Math New Ser 25(3):43, 2019). The spectral curve is modeled on the Krichever construction for degenerate finite-gap solutions and is a rationally degenerate $${\texttt {M}}$$
M
-curve, $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, dual to the graph. The divisors are real regular KP-II divisors in the ovals of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, i.e. they fulfill the conditions for selecting real regular finite-gap KP-II solutions in Dubrovin and Natanzon (Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Mat 52:267–286, 1988). Since the soliton data are described by points in $${{\mathcal {S}}}_{{\mathcal {M}}}^{\text{ TNN }}$$

S

M

TNN

, we establish a bridge between real regular finite-gap KP-II solutions (Dubrovin and Natanzon, 1988) and real regular multi-line KP-II solitons which are known to be parameterized by points in $$Gr^{\text{ TNN }}(k,n)$$

G

r

TNN

(
k
,
n
)

(Chakravarty and Kodama in Stud Appl Math 123:83–151, 2009; Kodama and Williams in Invent Math 198:637–699, 2014). We use the geometric characterization of spaces of relations on plabic networks introduced in Abenda and Grinevich (Adv Math 406:108523, 2022; Int Math Res Not 2022:rnac162, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnac162) to prove the invariance of this construction with respect to the many gauge freedoms on the network. Such systems of relations were proposed in Lam (in: Current developments in mathematics, International Press, Somerville, 2014) for the computation of scattering amplitudes for on-shell diagrams $$N=4$$

N
=
4

SYM (Arkani-Hamed et al. in Grassmannian geometry of scattering amplitudes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016) and govern the totally non-negative amalgamation of the little positive Grassmannians, $$Gr^{\text{ TP }}(1,3)$$

G

r

TP

(
1
,
3
)

and $$Gr^{\text{ TP }}(2,3)$$

G

r

TP

(
2
,
3
)

, into any given positroid cell $${{\mathcal {S}}}_{{\mathcal {M}}}^{\text{ TNN }}\subset {Gr^{\text{ TNN }} (k,n)}$$

S

M

TNN

⊂

G

r

TNN

(
k
,
n
)

. In our setting they control the reality and regularity properties of the KP-II divisor. Finally, we explain the transformation of both the curve and the divisor both under Postnikov’s moves and reductions and under amalgamation of positroid cells, and apply our construction to some examples.
Role of SIRT3 in neurological diseases and rehabilitation training
Authors: Li Yanlin , Li Jing , Wu Guangbin , Yang Hua , Yang Xiaosong , Wang Dongyu , He Yanhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase that plays an important role in normal physiological activities by regulating a variety of substrates. Considerable evidence has shown that the content and activity of SIRT3 are altered in neurological diseases. Furthermore, SIRT3 affects the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. In most cases, SIRT3 can inhibit clinical manifestations of neurological diseases by promoting autophagy, energy production, and stabilization of mitochondrial dynamics, and by inhibiting neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress (OS). However, SIRT3 may sometimes have the opposite effect. SIRT3 can promote the transfer of microglia. Microglia in some cases promote ischemic brain injury, and in some cases inhibit ischemic brain injury. Moreover, SIRT3 can promote the accumulation of ceramide, which can worsen the damage caused by cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). This review comprehensively summarizes the different roles and related mechanisms of SIRT3 in neurological diseases. Moreover, to provide more ideas for the prognosis of neurological diseases, we summarize several SIRT3-mediated rehabilitation training methods.
Market forces in Italian academia today (and yesterday)
Authors: Zanardello Chiara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the operation of the academic market in Italy, mapping current scholars’ location choices. I build a new dataset of current professors, associating each scholar with a composite indicator of their quality. The analysis includes the quality of the university and the features of the city where the institution is located. I estimate the strength of different factors: gravity (distance), agglomeration (scholars are attracted to higher quality universities), selection (better scholars travel longer distances), and sorting (the better the scholar, the more the quality of universities is weighted). I find that all of these factors have an effect, and do not vary according to scholars’ gender. I find a greater expected utility for scholars in choosing private universities over public ones, through a consistent nesting procedure. Comparing these forces to historical trends in Italian academia, the sorting effect delineates a new momentum for the current academic market in Italy.
Taking the Russo-Williamson thesis seriously in the social sciences
Authors: Ghiara Virginia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Russo Williamson thesis (RWT) states that a causal claim can be established only if it can be established that there is a difference-making relationship between the cause and the effect, and that there is a mechanism linking the cause and the effect that is responsible for such a difference-making relationship (Russo & Williamson, 2007). The applicability of Russo and Williamson’s idea was hugely debated in relation to biomedical research, and recently it has been applied to the social sciences (Shan & Williamson, 2021). While many philosophers and social scientists have advocated the use of different kinds of evidence for causal discoveries, others have criticised this approach. With this paper, I aim to defend RWT from criticisms and to show its importance in the social sciences. The paper is structured as follows. After a brief introduction, in Sect. 2, I will summarise RWT, and in Sect. 3 I will describe how this approach can be applied to the social sciences. In Sect. 4, I will reconstruct two main criticisms of this thesis proposed in the philosophy of the social sciences literature: namely (i) RWT is not used in the social sciences, (ii) RWT does not work. For each criticism I will provide a defence of RWT. My defence will be based on two general considerations: (i) RWT appears perfectly in line with the research methods used in the social sciences and (ii) RWT can be applied successfully to establish causal claims. In Sect. 5, moreover, I will examine the causal accounts that have motivated such criticisms and I will argue that they should be rejected to endorse RWT and a causal account able to accommodate the current use of mechanistic and difference-making evidence in the social sciences. Section 6 will conclude with a note on the relevance of RWT in both its descriptive and normative form.
Utility of non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting preoperative clinical stage and prognosis in patients with thymic epithelial tumor
Authors: Kuhara Asako , Sumi Akiko , Chikasue Tomonori , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Tanoue Shuichi , Nagata Shuji , Koganemaru Masamichi , Abe Toshi , Kashihara Masaki , Mitsuoka Masahiro , Ishii Hidenobu , Ohshima Koichi , Leung Ann N. C. , Fujimoto Kiminori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to find useful imaging features on non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can divide patients with thymic epithelial tumor (TET) into clinical stage I-II and III-IV groups under assumption that contrast media are contraindicated.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 106 patients (median age, 60 years; range, 27–82 years; 62 women) with surgically resected TET who underwent MRI between August 1986 and July 2015. All cases were classified according to the 2015 WHO classification and staged using the eighth edition of the TNM system. Two radiologists independently evaluated 14 categories of MRI findings; the findings in patients with stage I-II were compared with those of patients with stage III-IV using a logistic regression model. Disease-specific survival associated with significant findings was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Univariate analysis showed that stage III-IV patients were more likely to have tumors with an irregular contour, heterogeneity on T1WI, low-signal intensity on T2WI, irregular border with lung, findings of great vessel invasion (GVI) (hereafter, GVI sign), pericardial thickening/nodule, and lymphadenopathy (all, P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, only two findings, irregular border between tumor and lung (odds ratio [OR], 272.8; 95% CI 26.6–2794.1; P < 0.001) and positive GVI sign (OR, 49.3; 95% CI 4.5–539.8; P = 0.001) remained statistically significant. Patients with one or both features had significantly worse survival (log-rank test, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
For patients with TET who are unable to receive contrast for preoperative staging, the two image findings of an irregular border between tumor and lung and the positive GVI sign on non-contrast-enhanced MRI could be helpful in determining stage III-IV disease which is associated with a worse survival.
Nonbrain metastases seen on magnetic resonance imaging during metastatic brain tumor screening
Authors: Sakai Mio , Kashiwagi Nobuo , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Maeda Noboru , Nakaya Yasuhiro , Tanaka Junichiro , Watanabe Shinichiro , Hongyo Hidenari , Tanaka Yu , Yamada Sawaka , Kawata Atsushi , Toda Sou , Takano Koji , Arita Hideyuki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough metastases found during head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not limited to metastatic brain tumors, the MRI is a very common method for “brain metastasis screening,” a modality that is being increasingly performed. In this review, we describe MRI findings of nonbrain metastases and discuss ways to avoid missing these lesions. Metastatic cranial bone tumors are among the most common nonbrain metastatic lesions found on head MRI, followed by leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The other less-frequent metastatic lesions include those in the ventricle/choroid plexus, the pituitary gland and stalk, and the pineal gland. Metastases in the head and neck area, as well as cranial and intracranial lesions, should be carefully evaluated. Furthermore, direct geographical invasion, perineural spread, and double cancers should also be considered. While it is important to recognize these metastatic lesions on MRI, because they may necessitate a change in treatment strategy that could lead to an improvement in prognosis due to early introduction of therapy, nonbrain lesions should also be given greater attention, given the increasing survival of patients with cancer and advances in MRI technology, such as contrast-enhanced-3D T1-weighted imaging.
Co-application of salicylic acid and spermine alleviates salt stress toxicity in wheat: growth, nutrient acquisition, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant response
Authors: Talaat Neveen B. , Mahmoud Abdel Wahab M. , Hanafy Alaa M. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) and spermine (SPM) elicit particular responses in response to various environmental stressors. However, there is little known about the underlying mechanism of their combination treatments' mediating effect on salt stress tolerance. In this investigation, the potential impact of 100 mg L−1 SA and/or 30 mg L−1 SPM in avoiding salt damage at saline environments of 6.0 and 12.0 dS m–1 in wheat was examined. Results showed that by increasing mineral acquisition, chlorophyll a and b contents, antioxidant enzymes activity, osmolytes accumulation, leaf water content, grains carbohydrate and protein content as well as reducing Na+ accumulation, membrane electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, exogenously applied SA and/or SPM significantly reduced the detrimental impacts of soil salinization and increased wheat growth and productivity. The best outcomes came from combining the SA and SPM treatments. Overall, this combined treatment enhanced mineral homeostasis, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant response, pointing to a potential role for it in minimizing the negative consequences of salt stress. Therefore, combining SA and SPM in a sustainable agricultural system can be viewed as a successful technique for reducing salt damage.
Small area estimation of health insurance coverage for Kenyan counties
Authors: Mutai Noah Cheruiyot 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHealth insurance is important in disease management, access to quality health care and attaining Universal Health Care. National and regional data on health insurance coverage needed for policy making is mostly obtained from household surveys; however, estimates at lower administrative units like at the county level in Kenya are highly variable due to small sample sizes. Small area estimation combines survey and census data using a model to increases the effective sample size and therefore provides more precise estimates. In this study we estimate the health insurance coverage for Kenyan counties using a binary M‑quantile small area model for women$$(n=14{,}730)$$(n=14,730)and men$$(n=12{,}007)$$(n=12,007)aged 15 to 49 years old. This has the advantage that we avoid specifying the distribution of the random effects and distributional robustness is automatically achieved. The response variable is derived from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014 and auxiliary data from the Kenya Population and Housing Census 2009. We estimate the mean squared error using an analytical approach based on Taylor series linearization. The national direct health insurance coverage estimates are$$18\%$$18%and$$21\%$$21%for women and men respectively. With the current health insurance schemes, coverage remains low across the 47 counties. These county-level estimates are helpful in formulating decentralized policies and funding models.
Almost continuous Sierpiński–Zygmund functions under different set-theoretical assumptions
Authors: Ciesielski Krzysztof Chris , Natkaniec Tomasz , Rodríguez-Vidanes Daniel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA function $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:
R
→
R

is: almost continuous in the sense of Stallings, $$f\in \textrm{AC}$$

f
∈
AC

, if each open set $$G\subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

G
⊂

R

2

containing the graph of f contains also the graph of a continuous function $$g:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

g
:
R
→
R

; Sierpiński–Zygmund, $$f\in \textrm{SZ}$$

f
∈
SZ

(or, more generally, $$f\in \textrm{SZ}(\textrm{Bor})$$

f
∈
SZ
(
Bor
)

), provided its restriction $$f\restriction M$$

f
↾
M

is discontinuous (not Borel, respectively) for any $$M\subset \mathbb {R}$$

M
⊂
R

of cardinality continuum. It is known that an example of a Sierpiński–Zygmund almost continuous function $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:
R
→
R

(i.e., an $$f\in \textrm{SZ}\cap \textrm{AC}$$

f
∈
SZ
∩
AC

) cannot be constructed in ZFC; however, an $$f\in \textrm{SZ}\cap \textrm{AC}$$

f
∈
SZ
∩
AC

exists under the additional set-theoretical assumption $${{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {M})=\mathfrak {c}$$

cov

(
M
)
=
c

, that is, that $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
cannot be covered by less than $$\mathfrak {c}$$
c
-many meager sets. The primary purpose of this paper is to show that the existence of an $$f\in \textrm{SZ}\cap \textrm{AC}$$

f
∈
SZ
∩
AC

is also consistent with ZFC plus the negation of $${{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {M})=\mathfrak {c}$$

cov

(
M
)
=
c

. More precisely, we show that it is consistent with ZFC+$${{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {M})<\mathfrak {c}$$

cov

(
M
)
<
c

(follows from the assumption that $${{\,\textrm{non}\,}}(\mathcal {N})<{{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {N})=\mathfrak {c}$$

non

(
N
)
<

cov

(
N
)
=
c

) that there is an $$f\in \textrm{SZ}(\textrm{Bor})\cap \textrm{AC}$$

f
∈
SZ
(
Bor
)
∩
AC

and that such a map may have even stronger properties expressed in the language of Darboux-like functions. We also examine, assuming either $${{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {M})=\mathfrak {c}$$

cov

(
M
)
=
c

or $${{\,\textrm{non}\,}}(\mathcal {N})<{{\,\textrm{cov}\,}}(\mathcal {N})=\mathfrak {c}$$

non

(
N
)
<

cov

(
N
)
=
c

, the lineability and the additivity coefficient of the class of all almost continuous Sierpiński–Zygmund functions. Several open problems are also stated.
Silver adsorption on biochar produced from spent coffee grounds: validation by kinetic and isothermal modelling
Authors: Islam Md Anwarul , Parvin Mst Irin , Dada Tewodros Kassa , Kumar Ravinder , Antunes Elsa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates silver adsorption on biochar produced from pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Biochars were produced from SCGs at temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C. SCG-derived biochars were then characterised by different analytical methods, such as Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and investigated for silver removal. The results revealed that the biochar produced at 500 °C offered a maximum surface area of 40.1 m2/g with a yield of 23.48% biochar and the highest silver adsorption capacity of 49.0 mg/g with 99.9% silver removal efficiency. The morphology of adsorbed silver on biochar was determined using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), and XRD analyses, which showed an even distribution of silver on the biochar surface. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that part of the silver ions was reduced to form metallic silver (Ag0)/silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) during adsorption. The kinetics and isothermal evaluation suggested that silver adsorption was dominated by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, which means that silver adsorption was mainly dominated by chemisorption and monolayer on biochar surface. Overall, this study suggests that 500 °C was the most feasible pyrolysis temperature to produce SCG-derived biochar with suitable physicochemical properties that can efficiently adsorb silver species from wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Song Zihao , Feng Zhenxing , Huang Yaqin , Xu Zhichuan J. , Lu Yi-Chun , Zou Qingli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li–S batteries. Carbon nitrides (CxNy), represented by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), provide new opportunities for overcoming these challenges. With a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content, g-C3N4 can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S species. In addition, its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li–S batteries. Here, the recent progress of applying CxNy-based materials including the optimized g-C3N4, g-C3N4-based composites, and other novel CxNy materials is systematically reviewed in Li–S batteries, with a focus on the structure–activity relationship. The limitations of existing CxNy-based materials are identified, and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced CxNy-based materials are provided for high-performance Li–S batteries.
Electron-Deficient Zn-N6 Configuration Enabling Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Daming , Wang Yiqing , Dong Chung-Li , Meng Fanqi , Huang Yu-Cheng , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Liu Lan , Shen Shaohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite of suitable band structures for harvesting solar light and driving water redox reactions, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has suffered from poor charge transfer ability and sluggish surface reaction kinetics, which limit its photocatalytic activity for water splitting. Herein, atomically dispersed Zn-coordinated three-dimensional (3D) sponge-like PCN (Zn-PCN) is synthesized through a novel intermediate coordination strategy. Advanced characterizations and theoretical calculations well evidence that Zn single atoms are coordinated and stabilized on PCN in the form of Zn-N6 configuration featured with an electron-deficient state. Such an electronic configuration has been demonstrated contributive to promoted electron excitation, accelerated charge separation and transfer as well as reduced water redox barriers. Further benefited from the abundant surface active sites derived from the 3D porous structure, Zn-PCN realizes visible-light photocatalysis for overall water splitting with H2 and O2 simultaneously evolved at a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1. This work brings new insights into the design of novel single-atom photocatalysts by deepening the understanding of electronic configurations and reactive sites favorable to excellent photocatalysis for water splitting and related solar energy conversion reactions. "Image missing"
AIoT-Based Ergometer for Physical Training in Frail Elderly with Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Lin Chih-Chun , Kuo Li-Chieh , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chang Chia-Ming , Hu Fang Wen , Chen Yi-Jing , Lin Chun-Tse , Su Fong-Chin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Reduced physical activity is reported in the elderly, especially in institutional residents. Institutionalized older adults exhibit a high prevalence of frailty. In this work, we developed an artificial intelligence of things (AIoT)-based feedback assistive strengthening ergometer (AIFASE), for the physical strengthening of the elderly with intelligent assistance.

Methods
We conducted a 12-week intervention in a long-term care facility. In total, 16 participants (84.38 ± 6.0 years; 4 males and 12 females) were recruited with 1:1 randomization of exercise to control groups. The muscle strength of the lower extremities, timed up and go test (TUG), and Short-form Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) of the participants were measured. The AIFASE system allows the clinical staff to record the personal physical performance of the elderly and generates personalized exercise prescriptions accordingly. AIFASE also displays the current usage status of all ergometers and the users’ physiological conditions. The algorithms were developed to generate warning alerts when the training workload was too large by personal physiological detection. AIFASE automatically customized the exercise prescription according to the user’s exercise performance.

Results
After a 12-week AIFASE intervention, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in the strength of the hip flexor, Semi-Tandem Stand, and Tandem Stand.

Conclusion
In this study, we developed an AIoT ergometer that delivered customized physical training prescriptions to improve the physical performance of long-term care facility residents. We believe that the application of AIFASE will help improve the quality of institutional care.