bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in traumatic cardiac arrest patients who underwent advanced life support
Authors: Williamson Frances , Lawton Catherine F , Wullschleger Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveSurvival following a traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) remains poor despite research focused on specific management and guideline adaptation. Previous research has identified factors including age, arresting rhythm, injury severity and distance from hospital to be associated with prehospital TCA outcomes. The present study aimed to review the local incidence of TCA to inform local practice within a mature trauma system.MethodsA retrospective trauma database review from 2008 to 2021 was conducted at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Patients were categorised by prehospital and in‐hospital arrest, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and year in relation to TCA management protocol changes. Descriptive comparative analysis was performed with the primary outcome of interest being survival to hospital discharge.ResultsSurvival to hospital discharge was similar in patients in whom TCA occurred in the prehospital environment and hospital (24 vs 29%). Mechanism of injury, response to intervention and location of cardiac arrest were important outcome associations. Patients with a positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma scan were less likely to achieve ROSC but more likely to survive to discharge. The frequency of prehospital interventions remained similar after the guideline changes; with more patients arriving to the hospital with improved haemodynamic parameters and increased survival.ConclusionsThese results support the identification and immediate management of TCA. No patients survived if they did not achieve ROSC by hospital arrival, questioning the role for aggressive management beyond the ED in this cohort. Future research will focus on the identification of patients with potentially positive survival outcomes and further define futile intervention factors.
Degree of exposure to psychotropic medications and mortality in people with bipolar disorder
Authors: Lin Chu‐Chun , Yeh Ling‐Ling , Pan Yi‐Ju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the associations between psychotropic medication dosage and mortality in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsA nationwide cohort of individuals aged ≥15 years who had received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in 2010 was identified from the Taiwanese national health‐care database linked with the mortality registry and followed up for 5 years. The mean defined daily dose (DDD) of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and sedative‐hypnotics was estimated, and survival analyses were conducted to assess the effects of degree of exposure to psychotropic medications on mortality.ResultsA total of 49,298 individuals (29,048 female individuals, 58.92%) with bipolar disorder were included. Compared with individuals without exposure to mood stabilizers, those prescribed mood stabilizers had a decreased overall mortality risk, regardless of exposure dosage. By contrast, compared with a reference group with no exposure to antipsychotics, individuals using antipsychotics had dose‐dependent, increased mortality in both overall causes of deaths and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, with hazard ratios of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.21–1.42) in the low‐dose (<0.5 DDD) group, 1.69 (1.51–1.90) in the moderate‐dose (0.5–1.5 DDD) group, and 2.08 (1.69–2.57) in the high‐dose (>1.5 DDD) group for overall mortality.ConclusionsIn sum, mood stabilizers were associated with decreased overall mortality in individuals with bipolar disorder, regardless of the dosage. However, the use of antipsychotics appeared to be associated with a dose‐dependent increased mortality risk. Owing to study limitations, precise information on prior use of psychotropic medications, and patient's adherence to medication are not available. Potential adverse effects and benefits should be carefully considered when prescribing psychotropic medications for long‐term use in patients with bipolar disorder.
An ephemerality paradox: Evidence of virtual semelparity in ephemeral pool‐breeding anurans
Authors: Gould John , Clulow John , Herb Frithjof , Clulow Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOviparous species that reproduce in unpredictably variable environments risk depositing their eggs in situations that may become unsuitable for offspring survival at any time. This uncertainty often leads to selection for iteroparity as a form of bet‐hedging to spread offspring development spatially and temporally, thereby improving the odds of some cohorts experiencing optimal conditions. Paradoxically, an iteroparous mode appears to be the exception for a small number of amphibians that exploit temporary aquatic systems. In this study, we provide evidence of this paradox in an Australian anuran, the sandpaper frog,Lechriodus fletcheri, which breeds almost exclusively in small, highly ephemeral pools that often dry before the completion of tadpole development. A capture‐mark‐recapture study was conducted on a population over three consecutive breeding seasons, to determine how often adults returned to breeding sites within and between years and the extent of iteroparity. We found practically no adult returns between seasons, even though recapture events often occurred within season, suggesting that this species is virtually semelparous. A similar life history is apparent in other amphibians, suggesting that some species are able to persist in unpredictable environments by likely taking advantage of other forms of bet‐hedging in the absence of iteroparity. ForL. fletcheri, we suggest that an extended breeding season may lend itself to the process of cohort splitting at a population level, resulting in the future reproductive activity of offspring from each generation being spread across multiple seasons. Our study shows how an iteroparous life history is not the only way to deal with environmental uncertainty.
The restored opus sectile panel from the luxurious episcopal residence in the ancient city of Stobi–mineralogical and chemical findings
Authors: Makreski Petre , Šijakova‐Ivanova Tena , Georgiev Zoran , Balabanova Aleksova Dafinka , Reka Arianit A. , Boev Blazo , Jovanovski Gligor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSamples from the opus sectile panel excavated from the Episcopal Residence building at the archaeological site of Stobi were examined using X‐ray powder diffraction, SEM‐EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. The analyzed samples, exhibiting plentiful color and surface variations, comprise the reconstructed sectile panel as well as represent the in situ ground remains. The complementary techniques revealed dominant amorphous phase in five samples, whereas the remaining seven specimens confirmed the presence of magnesite, quartz, dolomite, ankerite, cuprite, wüstite, and hematite. The work represents the first systematic attempt to determine the mineral phases in the restored opus sectile panel, assembled by decorative minerals forming a geometric net of polychrome crosses. Furthermore, the mineral characterization has revealed an origin of mineral species not typical for Macedonian terrain (ankerite, wüstite, cuprite, transparent quartz) that lead to the conclusion that the samples were likely imported from other early‐Christian communities.
The imperative of professional dementia care
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite negative effects on their health and social lives, many informal carers of people living with dementia claim to be acting in accordance with a moral obligation. Indeed, feelings of failure and shame are commonly reported by those who later give up their caring responsibilities, suggesting a widespread belief that professional dementia care, whether delivered in the person's own home or in an institutional setting, ought always to be a last resort. In this paper, however, I suggest that this common intuition gets things the wrong way around. Adopting a relational egalitarian framework, I argue that the most serious injustices engendered by present‐day dementia care services are contingent on broader societal structures—they can thus be ameliorated relatively easily (if resource intensively) by changing those structures. Informal dementia care, on the other hand, carries similar risks of injustice and is much more resistant to structural reform. While there may be moral obligations to provide informal dementia care in present‐day societies, then, they arise because of the deficiencies of professional care, not the virtues of its informal counterpart. Though we may be far from achieving just care arrangements in most of our societies, we must never lose sight of the fact that, when we engage in morally permitted informal dementia care, we are exercising our last resort.
KIF4A knockdown inhibits tumor progression and promotes chemo‐sensitivity via induction of P21 in lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Dongxian , Lu Wanling , Samadi Nasser 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKIF4A has been demonstrated to play a crucial function in the pathogenesis of a broad number of tumors and have close association with PI3K/AKT pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the potential function of KIF4A in lung cancer progression by targeting PI3K/AKT pathway and P21 combination with doxorubicin. A549 cell lines were transfected with siRNA against KIF4A and negative control siRNA (si‐NC). MTT assay and trypan blue staining were used to evaluate the effect of si‐KIF4A on the doxorubicin cytotoxicity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of KIF4A and p21 were assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was measured by cell death ELISA kit. Our result revealed that KIF4A silencing decreased cellular proliferation in A549 lung cancer cells. Doxorubicin in combination with si‐KIF4A led to significant reduction in the survival rate of A549 cell. KIF4A silencing upregulated p21. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that KIF4A inhibition sensitizes A549 cells to doxorubicin by targeting p21 and PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating a significant role for KIF4A in lung cancer chemotherapy.
Endoscopic sinusectomy: ‘a rose by any other name’. A systematic review of different endoscopic procedures to treat pilonidal disease
Authors: Milone Marco , Gallo Gaetano , Grossi Ugo , Pelizzo Patrizia , D'Amore Anna , Manigrasso Michele , Perinotti Roberto , La Torre Marco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Basso Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimPilonidal sinus or Pilonidal Disease (PD) is a relatively common, benign but challenging condition. Although commonly encountered in practice, its ideal treatment is controversial. One of the most validated treatments is video‐assisted surgery. In this context, very similar endoscopic techniques have been published under different names. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the differences among these proposed techniques and their outcomes.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed during all stages of this systematic review. A systematic search of the English literature was performed on multiple databases from 1 January 2014 to 3 April 2022. The primary outcome measure was the IDEAL framework stage of innovation. The key secondary outcome measures were the adherence to the IDEAL reporting guidelines, the Blencowe framework and the core outcome set (COS) for studies evaluating the introduction and evaluation of novel surgical techniques, the qualitative assessment using appropriate tools, the procedural variations and outcomes of each technique.ResultsA total of 38 articles were included reporting a very similar technique under eight different acronyms. The number of patients varied from 9 to 250. Mean follow‐up ranged from 1 to 60 months. There was only one published study of IDEAL 3. The majority (58%) were IDEAL 2a studies. Reporting of domains in the IDEAL reporting guidelines and Blencowe framework was poor, with most studies not reporting the component steps of procedures or efforts to standardize them. Half of COS domains were markedly underreported. The quality of the evidence was categorized as having a risk of bias from moderate to critical level in all nine comparative non‐randomized series. Postoperative complications occurred in 0%–6% of cases, including surgical site infection, poor or failed wound healing bleeding, granuloma, haematoma, and pain requiring intervention. The recurrence rate varied from 0% to 22%.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that reporting on technical aspects of interventions for PD is poor, thus warranting a better‐quality control of surgical techniques. It is advisable to group all endoscopic procedures under the umbrella term of ‘endoscopic sinusectomy’, thus embracing the two main principles of this technique, that is, video assistance and PD ablation.
Trends and patterns of benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs prescriptions in Australian general practice: A national study (2011–2018)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Chica David , Begum Mumtaz , Bernardo Carla , Hoon Elizabeth , Sweetman Alexander , Stocks Nigel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to explore trends and sociodemographic patterns in benzodiazepine (BZD) (by half‐life) and Z‐drugs prescribing in Australian general practice.MethodsThis open cohort study used de‐identified electronic health records of 1.4 million patients (50,812,413 consultations) from 402 Australian practices (MedicineInsight 2011–2018). Annual prescribing frequency and changes over time were estimated according to sex, age, socioeconomic position and rurality.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2018, the prescribing of very short‐acting BZD increased from 0.10 to 0.29 per 1000 consultations (average annual change +17.2% [95% CI 9.6; 25.3]), while it declined for short‐intermediate (from 38.5 to 26.6 per 1000 consultations; annual change −5.1% [95% CI −5.6; −4.5]), long‐acting BZD (from 24.1 to 21.6 per 1000 consultation; annual change −1.5% [95% CI −2.2; −0.8]) and Z‐drugs (from 4.6 to 4.0 per 1000 consultations; annual change −1.9% [95% CI −3.0; −0.7]). Short‐intermediate‐acting BZD prescribing was three times more frequent among women aged 65+ years than younger women, and long‐acting BZD three‐to‐four times more likely among younger than older men. Z‐drugs prescribing was higher among women aged 45–64 years than younger or older females. Short‐intermediate‐ and long‐acting BZD were more likely prescribed for patients from more disadvantaged areas, and Z‐drugs in more advantaged areas. There were no disparities by rurality.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough most BZD and Z‐drugs prescriptions declined over time, short‐intermediate BZD prescriptions remained higher among older women and long‐acting BZD more frequent among younger men, especially for those living in more disadvantaged areas. Targeted interventions could reduce the prescribing of BZD and Z‐drugs in these groups.
Tracing the developmental origin of tissue stem cells
Authors: Morita Ritsuko , Fujiwara Hironobu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTissue stem cells are vital for organ homeostasis and regeneration owing to their ability to self‐renew and differentiate into the various cell types that constitute organ tissue. These stem cells are formed during complex and dynamic organ development, necessitating spatial–temporal coordination of morphogenetic events and cell fate specification during this process. In recent years, technological advances have enabled the tracing of the cellular dynamics, states, and lineages of individual cells over time in relation to tissue morphological changes. These dynamic data have not only revealed the origin of tissue stem cells in various organs but have also led to an understanding of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical bases of tissue stem cell formation. Herein, we summarize recent findings on the developmental origin of tissue stem cells in the hair follicles, intestines, brain, skeletal muscles, and hematopoietic system, and further discuss how stem cell fate specification is coordinated with tissue topology.
Interventions for children with cerebral visual impairment: A scoping review
Authors: Delay Ariana , Rice Melissa , Bush Elsie , Harpster Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the nature and scope of the literature on interventions implemented for children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI).MethodUsing a scoping review methodology, a systematic search of the literature was conducted using four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Titles and abstracts were screened and data were extracted and synthesized from full‐text, eligible studies. Twenty‐three articles were identified and evaluated using quality criteria.ResultsTwenty‐three of the 895 studies were included with children aged between 1 month and 17 years 6 months. Interventions were grouped into six categories including visual stimulation, task/environmental adaptations, vision training, acupuncture, stem cell transplantation, and transcranial electric stimulation. Outcome measures examined changes in visual function, functional vision, and visual processing.InterpretationIntervention research for children with CVI is in its infancy. Interventions for children with CVI may be beneficial; however, comparing results is difficult due to inconsistency in outcome measures. Most of the intervention studies had lower‐level evidence and included small sample sizes. High‐quality studies with larger samples and comparison groups are needed to fully understand which evidence‐based interventions are most effective for children with CVI. With the incidence of CVI increasing, further development and validation of intervention methods is imperative.What this paper adds

Intervention studies for children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) are sparse.
Most intervention studies for children with CVI have low‐level evidence with low critical appraisal scores.
High‐quality, controlled intervention studies are needed to guide families and clinicians toward evidence‐based practice.
Benefits of enhanced access to education in Tanzania
Authors: Donath Livini , Morrissey Oliver , Owens Trudy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivationExpanding access to education is a desirable policy. Tanzania implemented Universal Primary Education (UPE) in 2001 and expanded secondary education in 2006. However, evidence that UPE delivers benefits in educational attainment or earnings is scarce. We investigate if the enhanced access to education (EAE) in the 2000s benefitted the youth able to complete more schooling, those aged 15–25 in 2018.PurposeThere is evidence that expansion of primary education in Tanzania in the 1970s increased the incomes of the individuals who benefitted. We compare households headed by youth aged 15–25 and by adults (aged over 35) in 2001 and 2018 to identify benefits of EAE.Methods and approachHousehold welfare is measured as consumption per adult equivalent relative to the national poverty line using Household Budget Survey data for 2001 and 2018. We examine whether welfare differences comparing youth‐headed and adult‐headed households in 2001 and 2018 are attributable to differences in educational attainment of youth due to EAE using regression analysis and decomposition methods.FindingsThe increase in youth educational attainment by 2018 is a significant factor explaining the increase in welfare of youth‐headed households between 2001 and 2018. If the youth in 2001 had the same education endowment as their 2018 counterparts, their relative welfare would have been about a quarter higher. If adults had the same level of educational attainment as the youth, their welfare would have been about a third higher in 2018.Policy implicationsExpanding access to education via EAE had a positive effect on the welfare of youth, represented by those who were heads of households, in Tanzania due to increased years of schooling, providing support for implementing policies that improve access to schooling. Benefits are greatest for younger youth, aged 19–24 in 2018. Returns to schooling declined, suggesting that growth in demand for skilled labour did not match the supply of educated entrants to the labour force.
Modelling the reestablishment of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Klamath River tributaries after dam removal
Authors: Ramos Max M. , Ward Darren M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe planned removal of four dams on the Klamath River (anticipated 2024) will be the largest river restoration effort ever undertaken on the planet. Dam removal will restore access to >50 km of the Klamath River mainstem for coho salmon, but mainstem habitat may not be suitable for rearing juvenile coho salmon. Instead, small tributaries may provide most rearing habitat for reestablishing coho salmon. We used four approaches to evaluate six Klamath River tributaries above existing dams to assess their potential to support juvenile coho salmon: (1) We measured summer temperature regimes and evaluated thermal suitability. (2) We applied an Intrinsic Potential (IP) model to evaluate large‐scale geomorphological constraints on coho salmon habitat. (3) We used the Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) to estimate rearing capacity for juveniles given current habitat conditions. (4) We developed an occupancy model using data from reference tributaries to predict coho salmon rearing distribution. All six streams had summer temperatures cooler than the mainstem Klamath River. However, five of the streams have barriers that will restrict coho salmon to within 5 km of the confluence with the Klamath River and two were disconnected mid‐summer. Despite these constraints, the tributaries will likely produce coho salmon. Most streams had high IP in their lower reaches, the HLFM model estimated a total capacity of 105,000 juvenile coho salmon, and the occupancy model predicted juvenile coho salmon will rear throughout the accessible reaches. Protection and habitat enhancement for these tributaries will be important for coho salmon reestablishment post‐dam removal.
Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics and outcomes of adult patients with early T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yoon Jae‐Ho , Kim Hoon Seok , Min Gi June , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Silvia , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Lee Jong Wook , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Lee Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP‐ALL) is a recently identified high‐risk subgroup of T‐cell ALL in children. However, there have been conflicting reports and limited data have been reported in adult patients. We retrospectively analyzed the cytogenetic and molecular characteristics and long‐term survival outcomes of adult patients with ETP‐ALL versus non‐ETP‐ALL. We analyzed 58 patients (median age, 35 years [range, 18–76 years]) with newly diagnosed T‐cell ALL who received a uniform remission induction and consolidation chemotherapy with suitable samples for genetic analyses. If a donor was available, all patients were recommended allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) for post‐remission therapy. Out of 58 patients, 21 (36.2%) had ETP‐ALL. Patients with ETP‐ALL were older and had a higher proportion of complex karyotype than non‐ETP‐ALL. Additionally, more DNMT3A mutations were detected in ETP‐ALL, whereas FBXW7 mutations and CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions were found nearly exclusively in non‐ETP‐ALL. The overall complete remission (CR) rates were not different between ETP‐ALL (95.2%) and non‐ETP‐ALL (81.1%) and subsequent allo‐HCT proceeding rates in CR1 were 61.9% for ETP‐ALL and 43.2% for non‐ETP‐ALL, respectively. The overall prognosis of patients with T‐ALL was poor that estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 33.3% for ETP‐ALL and 29.5% for non‐ETP‐ALL. In a subgroup analysis of patients treated with allo‐HCT in CR1 (n = 29), 5‐year OS was 53.8% for ETP‐ALL and 55.4% for non‐ETP‐ALL. Our data showed molecular characteristics of ETP‐ALL and non‐ETP‐ALL and revealed that intensive chemotherapy followed by allo‐HCT for post‐remission therapy can contribute to preserved survival outcome of adult patients with ETP‐ALL.