bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐intensity cattle grazing is better than cattle exclusion to drive secondary savannas toward the features of native Cerrado vegetation
Authors: Durigan Giselda , Pilon Natashi A.L. , Souza Flaviana M. , Melo Antônio C.G. , Ré Danilo Scorzoni , Souza Silvana C.P.M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough livestock have been historically associated with land conversion and biodiversity loss, well‐managed cattle grazing has been reported to contribute to conservation of open ecosystems. Knowing the balance between positive and negative effects of livestock (presence or exclusion) on different ecosystems is, therefore, crucial to support management decisions. We conducted an experiment in a secondary savanna with exotic grasses, used as pasture, to assess the effect of cattle presence in low density and cattle exclusion (in paired plots) on the trajectory of these ecosystems. Richness, composition and structure of the woody community, and exotic grass cover and biomass were compared between treatments in the beginning of the experiment and after 7 years. At the end of the experiment, we also compared composition, richness, and density of the native ground layer. We verified that (a) cattle exclusion accelerates the undesirable woody encroachment, changes the species composition and leads to huge grass fuel accumulation, while (b) cattle grazing/browsing hinders changes in savanna structure and composition and reduces the exotic grass cover and biomass, thus favoring native herbaceous plants. By decreasing the grass biomass, cattle grazing also reduces the system flammability and, therefore, the risk and intensity of wildfires. Together, the positive effects of cattle presence and the negative effects of cattle exclusion lead to the conclusion that cattle should be maintained in these systems. Low‐intensity cattle grazing limits woody and exotic grass invasion, improves native forb biodiversity, and help to maintain composition and structural features of secondary savannas of the Cerrado.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
Nickel penetration into stratum corneum in FLG null carriers—A human experimental study
Authors: Julander Anneli , Liljedahl Emelie Rietz , Korres de Paula Helena , Assarsson Eva , Engfeldt Malin , Littorin Margareta , Shobana Anto Christine , Lidén Carola , Broberg Karin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe filaggrin gene (FLG) plays a role in skin diseases, with the skin barrier function being impaired in FLG null carriers. The role of FLG status in relation to nickel penetration into the skin remains unclear.ObjectivesTo elucidate the association between FLG status and nickel penetration into stratum corneum (SC) in individuals without self‐reported history of nickel allergy.MethodsForty participants (23 FLG wt and 17 FLG null) were exposed to a nickel solution (80 μg/cm2) which was applied onto 2 × 2 cm on their left forearm. After 4 h, the area was tape‐stripped with 10 consecutive tapes. Nickel in each tape was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsThe average recovered nickel dose was 35%–48%. A tendency towards lower recovery was seen in FLG null carriers compared to FLG wt carriers, and lower recovery in those with history of skin and/or respiratory symptoms compared to those without such history. This was however not statistically significant.ConclusionFLG null carriers had less nickel recovered by tape strips compared with FLG wt carriers and, compared with individuals without a history of skin and/or respiratory symptoms, indicating higher nickel penetration into SC for FLG null carriers, but further studies are needed.
Predictors of malignancy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules undergoing pulmonary resection
Authors: Erdogdu Eren , Ozkan Berker , Duman Salih , Agkoc Melek , Erturk Sukru Mehmet , Kara Murat , Toker Alper 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe management of a solitary pulmonary nodule is a challenging issue in pulmonary disease. Although many factors have been defined as predictors for malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules, the accurate diagnosis can only be established with the permanent histological diagnosis.ObjectiveWe tried to clarify the possible predictors of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules in patients who had definitive histological diagnosis.MethodsWe made a retrospective study to collect the data of patients with solitary pulmonary nodules who had histological diagnosis either before or after surgery. We made a statistical analysis of both the clinic and radiological features of these nodules with respect to malignancy both in contingency tables and with logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe had a total of 223 patients with a radiological diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule. Age, smoking status and pack years of smoking, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and radiological features such as solid component, spiculation, pleural tag, lobulation, calcification, and higher density were significant predictors of malignancy in contingency tables. Age, smoking status and smoking (pack/year), SUVmax, and radiological features including spiculation, pleural tag, lobulation, calcification, and higher density were the significant predictors in univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis revealed only SUVmax greater than 2.5 (p < 0.0001), spiculation (p = 0.009), and age older than 61 years (p = 0.015) as the significant predictors for malignancy.ConclusionAge, SUVmax, and spiculation are the independent predictors of malignancy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules.
The role of decaying logs in nursing soil fungal diversity varies with decay classes in the forest ecosystem
Authors: Wang Qin , Peñuelas Josep , Tan Bo , Wang Zhuang , Li Han , Cao Rui , Chang Chenhui , Jiang Yurui , Yang Wanqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoil fungi are crucial drivers of log decomposition in forest ecosystems, but how soil fungal community composition varies during the process of log decomposition remains poorly understood. We conducted an experiment incubating decaying logs in a subalpine coniferous forest on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China. Five classes of decaying Minjiang fir (Abies faxoniana) logs were incubated on the forest floor, and the composition and diversity of fungal communities in soils underneath decaying logs were measured using high‐throughput sequencing. A total of 4321 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing analysis. Soil fungal diversity differed significantly during the process of log decomposition and was highest in decay classes III or IV. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were dominant phyla regardless of log decay classes. Moreover, the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhiza, wood saprotroph and saprotrophs increased during the process of log decomposition, but that of ectomycorrhiza decreased. The structure of soil fungal community underneath decaying logs varied greatly with decay classes. Different decay classes of logs favour special fungal groups, implying that the ecological effects of logs at differing decay classes on soil fungal communities were different.Highlights
Effects of logs at differing decay classes on soil fungal community were different.
Soil fungal diversity was highest in decay classes III or IV.
Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were dominant phyla regardless of decay classes.
Soil fungi groups on guilds and relative abundance of genera differed by decay classes.
Life history of Copelatus zimmermanni Gschwendtner, 1934 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) and the ecological significance of the larval period of three Copelatus species
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Ohba Shin‐ya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiving beetles (Dytiscidae) play an important ecological role in most aquatic water habitats. However, approximately 40% of dytiscids in Japan have been classified as threatened, and further knowledge on their life history is necessary to support conservation efforts. In this study, we collected adult Copelatus zimmermanni (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) from an ephemeral rain pool and raised a generation under laboratory conditions. We then compared the larval period with two Copelatus species, C. parallelus and C. masculinus. Complete development (egg to adult) occurred in 39–61 days (n = 10) and comprised the following stages: egg (3–6 days, n = 20), first instar (3–8 days, n = 20), second instar (3–12 days, n = 15), third instar larvae (4–13 days, n = 14), and landing to escape (11–36 days, n = 10). The third instar and total larval periods of C. zimmermanni were significantly shorter than those of C. parallelus and C. masculinus. The differences in the duration of larval periods may be related to the permanence of water sources used as reproductive sites for each species. We suggest that the shorter developmental period of C. zimmermanni allows it to complete entire lifecycles even in highly ephemeral aquatic habitats. This is the first report on the immature stages of a species within the C. nigrolineatus species group.
CSR activity in response to the Paris Agreement exit
Authors: Klaus J. Philipp , Nishi Hirofumi , Peabody S. Drew , Reichert Carolyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. Although there were concerns that the exit would impede the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the environmental performance of U.S. firms in carbon‐intensive sectors improved after the announcement at a significantly higher pace than firms in other sectors. Moreover, our findings are concentrated among firms exposed to higher public attention. One implication is that firms under greater public scrutiny used the United States' departure from the agreement as an opportunity to credibly signal their commitment to combating global climate change.
Incarceration of the caecum through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament
Authors: Jargielo Martyna M. , Robinson Claire S. , Alexander Guy R. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented with acute signs of colic and tachycardia. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a viscus visible on the left and right sides of the cranioventral abdomen with a mural thickness of up to 1.6 cm. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia. This revealed that the caecum was incarcerated through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament, and the caecal apex was in the left caudal abdomen. The ventral aspect of the gastrosplenic ligament was ligated and transected. The caecum was freed, and normal orientation confirmed. The horse recovered uneventfully from surgery. Caecal mural thickness was monitored using daily ultrasonography, until normal. The horse was discharged from the hospital 11 days post‐operatively. Five months later, the horse returned to race training.
“My children,” “my grandchildren”: Navigating intergenerational ambivalence in grandparent childcare arrangements in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Sally Ka‐wing , Lindsay Jo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study contributes in‐depth knowledge about informal childcare and family processes in East Asian families in Hong Kong in a time of rapid economic and social development. We explore how families negotiate grandparent childcare and how parents and grandparents manage intergenerational tensions and conflict.BackgroundThe common way of understanding intergenerational relationships in childcare is to focus on the positive experience of taking care of grandchildren, but there is limited discussion on the tension and conflicts that also occur between the generations.MethodThis qualitative study is based on in‐depth interviews with 14 parents and 12 grandparents about childcare arrangements for 53 children within East Asian families in Hong Kong.ResultsTensions are found among the parents and grandparents in childcare provision, and considerable negotiation and ongoing emotional management of relationships is required.ConclusionGrandparent childcare is an important resource for many families, but it might not suit all. The issues of autonomy, seniority, power, respect, and different expectations of care are embedded in established family dynamics. Some intergenerational problems are unable to be settled by the family members.ImplicationsGrandparent childcare should be a care option provided for families with young children. However, it should not be a substitute for childcare services and supports outside the home. Professional family services also should be sensitive to intergenerational family dynamics.
Eptacog beta efficacy and safety in the treatment and control of bleeding in paediatric subjects (<12 years) with haemophilia A or B with inhibitors
Authors: Pipe Steven W. , Hermans Cédric , Chitlur Meera , Carcao Manuel , Castaman Giancarlo , Davis Joanna A. , Ducore Jonathan , Dunn Amy L. , Escobar Miguel , Journeycake Janna , Khan Osman , Mahlangu Johnny , Meeks Shannon L. , Mitha Ismail Haroon , Négrier Claude , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike , Recht Michael , Chrisentery‐Singleton Tammuella , Stasyshyn Oleksandra , Vilchevska Kateryna V. , Martinez Laura Villarreal , Wang Michael , Windyga Jerzy , Young Guy , Alexander W. Allan , Bonzo Daniel , Macie Christopher , Mitchell Ian S. , Sauty Evelyne , Wilkinson Thomas A. , Shapiro Amy D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionEptacog beta is a new recombinant activated human factor VII bypassing agent approved in the United States for the treatment and control of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A or B with inhibitors 12 years of age or older.AimTo prospectively assess in a phase 3 clinical trial (PERSEPT 2) eptacog beta efficacy and safety for treatment of bleeding in children <12 years of age with haemophilia A or B with inhibitors.MethodsUsing a randomised crossover design, subjects received initial doses of 75 or 225 μg/kg eptacog beta followed by 75 μg/kg dosing at predefined intervals (as determined by clinical response) to treat bleeding episodes (BEs). Treatment success criteria included a haemostasis evaluation of ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ without use of additional eptacog beta, alternative haemostatic agent or blood product, and no increase in pain following the first ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ assessment.ResultsTreatment success proportions in 25 subjects (1–11 years) who experienced 546 mild or moderate BEs were 65% in the 75 μg/kg initial dose regimen (IDR) and 60% in the 225 μg/kg IDR 12 h following initial eptacog beta infusion. By 24 h, the treatment success proportions were 97% for the 75 μg/kg IDR and 98% for the 225 μg/kg IDR. No thrombotic events, allergic reactions, neutralising antibodies or treatment‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionBoth 75 and 225 μg/kg eptacog beta IDRs provided safe and effective treatment and control of bleeding in children <12 years of age.
Relationship between mattress internal air pressure and interface pressure distribution in the lateral position
Authors: Kawabata Takahiro , Sugama Junko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research shows that maximum interface pressure increases when the patient is lying in the lateral position. However, it was unclear whether it was better to increase or decrease the internal air pressure to reduce the maximum interface pressure in the lateral position; thus, this study investigated this issue. In this study, we investigated the change in pressure redistribution because of the difference in internal air pressure between the supine and lateral positions on an active air mattress for pressure ulcer prevention management. Each participant's five internal air pressure values served as the independent variables. The interface pressure on the active air mattress was measured for 20 minutes. The sacral left iliac crest and left greater trochanteric interface pressures were measured using a portable pressure‐measuring device. When seven of the 10 participants switched from the supine position to the left lateral position, there was a decrease in the maximum interface pressure as the internal air pressure increased. The maximum interface pressure in the greater trochanter in the lateral position was twice that in the sacral region in the supine position. These results show that increasing the internal air pressure in the lateral position might help reduce the maximum interface pressure.
Impacts of chilling at the tillering phases on rice growth and grain yield in Northeast China
Authors: Guo Erjing , Wang Lizhi , Jiang Shukun , Xiang Hongtao , Shi Yanying , Chen Xi , Cheng Xue , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Lianmin , Feng Yanjiang , Lai Yongcai , Li Tao , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChilling is a major constraint on rice production in mountainous regions of the tropics and in the temperate rice‐growing zones of the world. In this study, our goal is to quantify the impacts of chilling at the tillering phases on rice growth and grain yield. In 2017 and 2018, we conducted a factorial chilling treatment at four temperatures (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and four duration days (D2, D4, D6 and D8) on rice plants at the early, middle and late tillering phases. The results showed that chilling at the tillering phases delayed rice growth period. The rice grain yield slightly increased with decrease in chilling temperature but significantly decreased with increase in chilling duration at the tillering phases. For the chilling treatment at T1 (lowest temperature), the D2 (shortest duration) had positive effects on rice yield, while the D8 (longest duration) had adverse effects on rice yield. The middle and late tillering phases were the critical growth phases for rice spike numbers formation, with the increase in temperature and duration, the rice spike numbers per plant significantly decreased. The decrease in chilling temperature and increase in chilling duration both decreased rice thousand‐grain weight under chilling treatments at tillering phases. The prolongation of days from emergence to flowering led to increase in rice aboveground biomass per plant and allocation index of stem; however, the decrease in days from flowering to maturity led to reduction in allocation index of panicle and grain yield under chilling treatments at tillering phases. This study could help farmers to better understand the impacts of chilling on rice growth and yield, especially for rice that are prone to chilling.
How do suboptimal temperatures affect polyploid sterlet Acipenser ruthenus during early development?
Authors: Hubálek Martin , Kašpar Vojtěch , Tichopád Tomáš , Rodina Marek , Flajšhans Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSturgeons are ancient fish exhibiting unique genome plasticity and a high tendency to produce spontaneously autopolyploid genome states. The temperature profiles of the rivers in which sturgeon live and reproduce have been severely altered by human intervention, and the effect of global warming is expected to cause further temperature shifts, which may be detrimental for early developmental stages with narrow windows of thermal tolerance. The comparison of the performance of diploid and autopolyploid sturgeon kept at unfavourable temperatures contributes to scientific knowledge of the effects of polyploid genome states on organisms and can shed light on the ability of polyploids to cope with human‐induced alterations to natural conditions. Using the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus as a model species, we carried out conventional artificial fertilization, as well as the induction of the second polar body retention (SPBR), of the first mitotic division suppression (FMDS) and of the second polar body retention followed by the first mitotic division suppression (SPBR+FMDS). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyploidy on two basic performance parameters, survival and growth. In Experiment 1, fish belonging to untreated, SPBR‐, FMDS‐ and SPBR+FMDS‐induced groups were kept at 10, 16 and 20°C from the neurula stage until the end of endogenous feeding. In Experiment 2, larvae from the untreated and SPBR‐induced groups were reared at 10, 16 and 20°C after their endogenous feeding transition for 3 weeks. Based on our findings, we report that the embryos, prelarvae and larvae of triploid A. ruthenus do not differ from diploids in their ability to survive, grow and develop under suboptimal temperature conditions, while the survival of tetraploids was significantly reduced even at the optimal temperature and even more so at temperatures far from the optimum. This was also the case in the 2n/4n mosaics observed in FMDS‐induced group. Thus, we assume that in tetraploid and 2n/4n individuals, the limits of thermal tolerance are closer to the optimum than in diploids. We also conclude that the hexaploid genome state is probably lethal in A. ruthenus since none of the hexaploids or 3n/6n mosaics arising from the SPBR+FMDS induction survived the prelarval period.
Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma in a captive white catfish (Ameiurus catus Linnaeus)
Authors: Heniff Ashlyn C. , Chen Laura R. , Christiansen Emily F. , Harms Craig A. , Law Jerry M. , Legner Christian , Linder Keith E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA wild caught white catfish (Ameiurus catus Linnaeus) developed multiple cutaneous masses. Cytology revealed neoplastic lymphocytes and microscopy confirmed dermal infiltration with epitheliotropism in the epidermis, oral mucosa, and cornea, without internal organ involvement. Transmission electron microscopy did not identify viral particles. Histopathology supported cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma, a condition most commonly reported in mammals. This is the first reported case of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma in an ictalurid and one of the few published cases of this condition in any fish species.
Incidence, causes, and timing of peripheral intravenous catheter failure related to insertion timing in the treatment cycle in patients with hematological malignancies: A prospective descriptive study
Authors: Shintani Yui , Murayama Ryoko , Abe‐Doi Mari , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to reveal detailed descriptive data on peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure related to insertion timing during the treatment cycle, in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma.MethodsWe conducted a prospective descriptive study to investigate the incidence of PIVC failure, defined as PIVC removal prior to completing infusion therapy. This was judged by ward nurses for adult patients requiring PIVC insertion for chemotherapy. A research nurse confirmed the timing and determined the causes of PIVC failure using ultrasonographic imaging. Descriptive data were collected in the hematology and oncology ward of a tertiary hospital in Japan.ResultsWe recruited 85 patients (with 303 PIVCs), and analyzed 67 patients (with 280 PIVCs). Of these, 118 PIVCs (42%) were inserted during the chemotherapeutic dosing period of the treatment cycle, and 106 (38%), during the rest period. The incidence of cumulative PIVC failure was 43.2% of all analyzed PIVCs (89.97 per 1,000 PIVC days). Of the PIVCs in patients with lymphoma, those inserted during the dosing period were less likely to show PIVC failure (32% vs. 57%, p < .001). Conversely, those inserted after the treatment cycle were more likely to show PIVC failure (22% vs. 7%, p = .002).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the incidence of PIVC failure in patients with hematological malignancies was unacceptably high. Conceivably, the incidence of PIVC failure varies by the onset time of side effects in the treatment cycle. This should be considered when using PIVCs and selecting optimal vascular access devices for patients with hematological malignancies.