bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KASUS NENEK MINAH DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF TEORI HUKUM POSITIVISME
Authors: Jadidah Fikrotul 
Published: October 2022

Nenek Minah (55/petani), mengambil 3 biji buah kakao milik PT Rumpun Sari Antan (RSA), ketika sedang memanen kedelai di lahan garapannya. Perbuatan nenek Minah telah diketahui oleh Mandor perkebunan, dan pada saat itu juga nenek Minah telah mengembalikan biji kakao yang diambilnya dan meminta maaf. Namun pihak perusahaan tetap melaporkan kepada Polisi. Akhirnya dalam berkas perkara Nomor No. 247/PID.B/2009/PN.Pwt, nenek Minah harus menjalani persidangan di Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Purwokerto. Adanya perbenturan antara nilai-nilai keadilan pada kasus tersebut. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam kasus ini yaitu bagaimana hukum memandang kasus tersebut dalam perspektif kepastian hukum atau positivisme hukum dan prinsip kemanusiaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu Kasus hukum yang menjerat Nenek Minah ditelaah dengan menggunakan Paradigma Positivisme, ontologinya adalah sebuah realitas (hukum). Hukum yang dipaparkan adalah Pasal 362 KUHP. Hakim melakukannya dengan menghadirkan saksi-saksi dan adanya alat bukti yang dicocokkan dengan keterangan Nenek Minah sebagai terdakwa. Ketika semua unsur Pasal 362 terpenuhi, maka Nenek Minah diputus bersalah dan harus dihukum. Singkatnya, Paradigma Positivisme selalu menekankan objektivitas. Paradigma Positivisme yang memayungi aliran Legal Positivisme, menjelaskan tidak ada hukum di luar undang-undang, hukum identik dengan Undang-Undang. Bagaimana pun hukum harus ditegakkan yang keadilannya adalah keadilan menurut Undang-Undang. Hukum harus dipisahkan dari nilai kemanusiaan dan moral demi kepastian hukum. Itulah sebabnya Nenek Minah tetap harus dihukum terlepas dari seberapa besar kerugian yang diderita PT Rumpun Sari Antan, karena terbukti secara sah melakukan pencurian sebagaimana dirumuskan dalam Pasal 362 KUHP.
Kata Kunci: Nenek Minah, Teori Hukum, Positivisme, Keadilan
Intemperismo natural de compósitos desenvolvidos com o uso de amido termoplástico com resíduo de celulose e papel pós-consumo
Authors: Gomes Natália Feistauer , Rodrigues Thaís Fátima , Dos Santos Karin Luise , Celso Fabrício , Vuorio Tiina , Jahno Vanusca Dalosto 
Published: October 2022

O desenvolvimento de materiais facilmente degradáveis ao fim da vida útil auxilia na redução do volume de resíduos sólidos dispostos nos aterros sanitários. Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir compósitos com o uso de resíduos de celulose e papel como fibras de reforço e amido termoplástico (TPS) como matriz, de modo a analisar o efeito da exposição ao intemperismo natural em ambientes distintos de duas universidades no Brasil (Universidade Feevale) e na Finlândia (Häme University of Applied Sciences — HAMK). No período de realização do ensaio, a estação no Brasil era verão, com elevadas temperaturas e radiação solar; já na Finlândia a estação era inverno, com temperaturas negativas, elevada umidade do ar e incidência de neve. Os materiais foram elaborados por meio do método tape-casting e caracterizados por análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA), tendo sido submetidos às intempéries por 0, 28 e 42 dias na Universidade Feevale e na HAMK e, ao fim de cada período, foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e fotografias. Os resultados mostraram que a estabilidade térmica dos compósitos foi melhor em comparação a seus componentes individuais, e propriedades mecânicas superiores foram apresentadas pelo compósito à base de celulose. Assim, misturas heterogêneas surgiram com a adição de fibras à matriz polimérica. Após a exposição ambiental, a visualização das micrografias e fotografias revelou que as amostras expostas nos dois ambientes ficaram quebradiças, encolhidas, amareladas e apresentaram fissuras. Verificou-se, também, que as amostras expostas na Universidade Feevale sofreram maior degradação ambiental, e a incorporação das fibras nos compósitos retardou esse efeito nos dois pontos de estudo.
Segurança de alimentos comercializados em feiras livres: análise de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alface (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Ripke Marcia Orth , Lutinski Junir Antônio , Corralo Vanessa da Silva 
Published: October 2022

Os agrotóxicos são contaminantes de natureza química que podem ser encontrados nos alimentos. Os de maior representatividade residual incluem os inseticidas, fungicidas e herbicidas. Objetivou-se analisar a presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alface (Lactuca sativa L.) comercializada em feiras livres. A pesquisa, com abordagem quantitativa e transversal, foi realizada em feiras livres de Chapecó/SC, com produtores feirantes de vegetais in natura e consumidores. Realizou-se, ainda, análise de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alface de cultivo convencional e orgânico. A coleta de dados constituiu-se na aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado a todos os produtores e a uma amostra de consumidores. As análises de resíduos de agrotóxicos foram realizadas em alface, por ser o alimento mais adquirido pelos consumidores. Os agrotóxicos pesquisados incluíram azoxistrobina, deltametrina, imidacloprido e glifosato, por serem os mais frequentemente utilizados nas propriedades e no cultivo de hortaliças. Dos 67 feirantes em atividade nas sete feiras livres, 30 eram produtores de hortaliças e frutas, e, deles, 17 eram produtores convencionais e 13 de orgânicos. As análises de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alface de produção convencional apresentaram resíduos de azoxistrobina e imidacloprido, porém abaixo dos limites máximos de resíduos permitidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Nas amostras de alface orgânica não foram detectados resíduos dos agrotóxicos pesquisados. Das análises de resíduos em alface, infere-se que o alimento é seguro quanto aos agrotóxicos pesquisados e que políticas públicas municipais devem priorizar o monitoramento sistemático, visando garantir a segurança dos alimentos e estimular a produção de alimentos orgânicos.
Brazilian truckers’ strike and particulate matter (PM10) concentration: Temporal trend and time series models
Authors: Nogarotto Danilo Covaes , Canteras Felippe Benavente , Pozza Simone Andrea 
Published: October 2022

High particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicular traffic impact air quality in urban areas. In 2018, a truckers’ strike interrupted some of the services in Brazil, leading to a fuel outage in several cities that significantly reduced the flow of vehicles. This study evaluated air quality during the strike in two cities (Limeira and Campinas) in Southeastern Brazil. PM10 concentration was analyzed in the periods before (BTS — 05/01/2018 to 05/22/2018), during (DTS — 05/23/2018 to 05/30/2018), and after (ATS — 05/31/2018 to 06/30/2018) the strike using the Theil-Sen method and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model with Exogenous Variables (ARIMAX). A reduction in the PM daily mean concentration in both cities occurred during the strike. Considering the daily peak time of vehicular flow (6:00 p.m.), the PM10 concentration was 20% higher in the BTS period compared to the DTS period for both cities. In comparison, the ATS period showed concentrations 17% (Limeira) and 7% (Campinas) higher when compared with the DTS period. The variations were statistically significant based on the time series models, and the influences of wind speed, rainfall on the sampling day and the day before sampling, and weekends were also evaluated. It was also possible to verify the contribution of the truckers’ strike to the PM10 concentration in the two cities evaluated. In Limeira, truck traffic had a greater influence on the concentration of PM10, while in Campinas, the contribution of trucks was like that of light vehicles. Based on the variation of the PM10 concentration, the influence of changes in vehicle emission dynamics, one of the main sources of emission in the regions studied, was observed. The results indicate that restricting vehicular traffic had an immediate impact on improving air quality. Therefore, public investment in other types of transport and traffic control policies are suggested.
Mineral Economics and the Business of Mineral Supply
Authors: Doggett Michael 
Published: October 2022

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each.

Abstract
The business of mineral supply comprises the costs, risks, and returns of converting natural capital to financial capital. As such, it represents the interface between economic geology and mineral economics. The traditional approach to studying mineral supply, however, is less an interface than a series of silos covering geologic, engineering, business, and social aspects of the conversion process. The challenges of meeting the ever-increasing demand for minerals and metals will require better communication and understanding across disciplines and stakeholder groups in order to mitigate discovery and development risks. For economic geologists, improved communication starts with an understanding of the essential economic tools and metrics that are used to assign value to projects and make decisions about their advancement toward production. Furthermore, economic geologists should recognize and build on the interface between the economic characteristics of valuations and the underlying geologic characteristics of deposits. The sizes and distribution of project cash flows are intimately linked to the underlying styles and distribution of mineralization within deposits. Understanding how geologic processes created and altered mineral deposits is incredibly useful in grasping the economics of undoing those processes to recover payable minerals and metals.
Performing (Dis)ability: Explorations in Literature, Theatre and Cinema
Authors: Aakash Sharma  
Published: October 2022

The most fundamental relationship in a universe divided into numerous categories and subgroups is anchored in the corporeality of human life. The social hierarchy is mostly determined by how someone behaves and fulfils his job in society. This "norm" of the human condition results from ableist normative discourses dating back hundreds of years. In the Rāmāyana, Shravana Kumara is revered as the torchbearer of filial piety towards his parents, who were both blind hermits; they depended on their son’s dedication to fulfilling their life’s end goal. Black from 2005 is frequently considered a turning point in Indian cinema since it depicts a handicap narrative quite well. A bildungsroman about Michelle McNally (Rani Mukherjee), who loses her sight and hearing as a young girl, the movie features Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukherjee in the pivotal roles. While Michelle's condition and how she deals with it to move forward in life is the film's central topic, other undertones may be seen in how it portrays a disabled female kid. Every opportunity should be considered when casting a disabled actor to actualize the representation of disabled persons in the arts and film. Radical measures must be taken, including reviewing the casting procedures and introducing audition venues suitable for performers with disabilities. Disabled students and staff members should be actively encouraged to participate in schools and institutions.
MAKNA KOKE BALE SEBAGAI TEMPAT PERJUMPAAN DENGAN LELUHUR DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN SPIRITUALITAS MASYARAKAT DI DESA DEMONDEI
Authors: Lolon Agustina Tewo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAK
Makna Koke Bale sebagai Tempat Perjumpaan dengan Leluhur dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pengembangan Spiritualitas Masyarakat di Desa Demondei. Koke Bale adalah rumah leluhur yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan kepercayaan masyarakat Demondei terhadap arwah nenek moyang. Hal ini diyakini bahwa arwah leluhur memiliki peran yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Koke Bale dipercayai sebagai tempat tinggal dari para lelulur atau kewokot yang memiliki peranan sebagai utusan dari Lera Wulan Tanah Ekan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna koke bale dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Desa Demondei. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Locus penelitian di Desa Demondei kecamatan Wotanulumado-Kabupaten Flores Timur. Subjek dalam penelitian sebanyak 5 orang yakni Tuan tanah, tokoh adat, dan tokoh masyarakat. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, paparan data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa masyarakat Demondei melakukan ritual adat ini untuk menghormati para leluhur yang telah meninggal dan sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur atas kehidupan dari Tuhan.
Experimental Study and CFD Modeling of Flow Characteristics in an Annulus with a Tubing Collar
Authors: Zhou Yisu , Huang Zhongwei , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Jiang Tianwen , Zhang Minghe 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
An experimental investigation based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology is used to measure the annular flow with a tubing collar in a casing pipe. The main purpose of this paper is to study variable cross-section annular flow characteristics with different Reynolds numbers through the visualization experiment. Streamlines distribution, velocity distribution, the vortex identification by the Q-criterion and TKE are displayed. The Reynolds number influence on the flow characteristics is discussed. A CFD modeling is established to verify the accuracy of the experiment. The results show the BFS flow is easier to generate the recirculation zones than the FFS flow at a certain freestream condition, especially at a higher Reynolds number in the VCSA flow. The presence of the VCS structure has an acceleration effect on the mean velocity at y/h&gt;1.0 and an inhibition effect at y/h&lt;1.0 near the step. The mean velocity variation of the VCSA flow is asymmetric, therefore pressure losses caused by BFS and FFS are different. Rotation structures identified by Q-criterion mainly exist at the entrance of NA flow and BFS flow in this study.

1. INTRODUCTION
Improper prediction and control of annular pressure losses pose significant challenges (Dokhani et al., 2020; Qin et al., 2021) in drilling, completion, fracturing, acidizing, workover and production in the petroleum industry (Jeong and Shah., 2004; Birchenko et al., 2010) with the development of deep wells and ultra-deep wells. It becomes more vital and sophisticated with the increase of well depth, not only by the effects of fluid properties, rotation and eccentricity but also by the increasing number of tubing collars and tool joints. The presence of a tubing collar or a tool joint changes the annulus geometry which leads to tapered (gradual) and squared (sudden) contraction and expansion clearance resulting in strong turbulence and fluid acceleration that generates additional pressure losses (Enfis et al., 2011). The tubing collars or tool joints effect in annular flow can be regarded as the flow past wall-mounted finite cylinders. Many engineering configurations, such as heat-exchangers, several building structures and electronic cooling systems of environment (Sachidananda and Arun, 2021; Woyciekoski et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2020; Yuan et al., 2020) can be also modeled as finite-length cylinders. Therefore, this particular flow configuration has received a lot of attention in recent years due to its importance in engineering applications and fundamental research.
Enhanced Geothermal System Design Using GeoDT and Fracture Caging — EGS Collab Stimulation Prediction Study
Authors: Frash L. P. , Li W. , Meng M. , Carey J. W. , Sweeney M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) design optimization requires simultaneous evaluation of well placement, well stimulation, flow rates, pumping pressures, seismic stability, and power production. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider subsurface uncertainty to evaluate the probability of success of various design options to inform good decision making. In this study, we present our analysis of various injection flow rates and volumes for fracture hydraulic stimulation and fluid circulation through the EGS Collab Project’s Experiment 2 & 3 test bed at Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. Here, our goal is to identify the minimum, optimum, and maximum injection parameters that should ensure successful well stimulation and observation of produced fluid cooling (i.e., thermal breakthrough) within a targeted timeframe of 24 hours to 6 months. This work uses our Geothermal Design Tool (GeoDT). Based on this analysis, we predict that fracture caging (i.e., containment of a fluid pressure propped fracture) will be both possible and necessary for successful well stimulation and observing thermal breakthrough.

1. INTRODUCTION
The EGS Collab Project is a decameter-scale hydraulic well stimulation study being conducted at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) under the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA (Kneafsey et al., 2022). The project is currently in its second phase (Experiments 2 and 3) where the focus is on well stimulation and subsequent fluid circulation between two or more wells at 1250 m (4100 ft) depth. The rock at this site is Yates amphibolite with numerous rhyolite intrusions. The drilled well layout (Fig. 1) has one northeast oriented well surrounded by four bounding sub-parallel wells, all five being open-hole (no casing or cement). In a crossing southeast direction, an encompassing box of four instrumented and cemented wells were installed for geophysical monitoring. The monitoring wells include instruments for microseismicity, electrical resistivity, temperature, and strain. Fluid flow will target injection into the central northeast oriented well with production planned from one or more of the four bounding sub-parallel open holes, each of which is instrumented to measure flow rates and pressures.
Creep Tests on Salt Samples Performed at Very Small Stresses
Authors: Bérest P. , Gharbi H. , Jehanno D. , Peach C. J. , Brouard B. , Blanco-Martin L. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
From 1996 to 2021, uniaxial creep tests were performed on salt samples in dead-end drifts of the Varangéville (France) and Altaussee (Austria) mines to take advantage of constant temperature and hygrometry. The applied loads were from 0.05 MPa (relative) to 4.5 MPa, i.e., much smaller than the loads currently applied during standard creep tests performed at the laboratory. Main conclusions are: (1) Steady state is reached after a long period (longer than 8 months). (2) Cumulated transient creep is relatively large (3) Strain rates are faster (than extrapolated from high stresses) by 4-5 orders of magnitude (4) Steady state strain rate is a linear function of the applied stress (approximately) in the σ &lt; 3 MPa domain (5) Strain rate is a decreasing function of grain size (6) The transition between the linear (n = 1) and the non-linear (n = 3 to 5) behavior seems to range between 3 MPa and 4.5 MPa (7) No creep is observed in a very dry environment (8) No threshold for salt creep (or smaller than 0.05 MPa) is observed (9) In the small stress domain, reverse creep is observed.

1. INTRODUCTION
It has been suspected for long (Spiers et al., 1990; Urai and Spiers, 2007) that, in the small deviatoric stress domain (σ &lt; 3 MPa), the governing mechanism for salt creep was pressure solution — rather than dislocation creep. A consequence should be that creep rate in this domain is much faster - by several orders of magnitude - than extrapolated from tests performed in the high stress domain. In addition, creep rate should be a decreasing function of grain size; it should be a linear function of the applied stress, and the presence of a small amount of brine at the grains interface should be a necessary condition for active creep. These statements were based on theoretical arguments, geological evidence and the results of tests performed on artificial salt.
Westerly Granite Anisotropy Study
Authors: Lokajícek T. , Petružálek M. , Svitek T. , Vasin R. , Wenk H. R. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:
Westerly granite (WG) is well known rock, believed to be isotropic. We studied four samples of WG heated between 100°C and 600°C, by ultrasonic sounding on spherical samples under hydrostatic pressure up to 400 MPa, neutron diffraction on identical samples and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal treatment studies are important for localities like nuclear waste storages, geothermal projects, rock and earthquake mechanics. All measurements were done at room temperature. The 3D distribution of P-wave velocities at high pressures reflects intrinsic structure and even though the anisotropy is low, the orientation of the minimum velocity corresponds to the highly preferred orientation of plagioclase (010) and biotite (001). Image analyses showed that there is also preferred orientation of microcracks regardless of their size and thermal treatment level. Neutron diffraction measurements of the samples heated to 100°C and 600°C confirm weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy, which remain unchanged due to the thermal treatment. We can assume that in Westerly granite there are two types of anisotropy: crystal preferred orientation which was formed during igneous crystallization and second one is due to the oriented microcracks which have been formed during tectonic exhumation or during sample excavation in the quarry. Both seems to be unrelated.

1. INTRODUCTION
Westerly granite has been studied for decades and its properties are very well known. There were studied mechanical properties, elastic properties, development of cracks introduced by uniaxial or triaxial loading, thermal heating, study of permeability, study of fracturing process by acoustic emission, modelling of crack systems and plenty of others. Westerly granite is considered as fine grained, homogeneous material, isotropic and therefore it is often discussed or even used as a standard for comparison with other granitic rocks. Quantification of elastic properties of granites is important to determine crustal seismic velocities and stress orientation. Generally, it is assumed that granitic rocks are elastically isotropic. In this paper, we study influence of thermal cracks and crack induced anisotropy on P-wave propagation in spherical samples of Westerly granite at different confining pressures. Experimental elastic wave velocity distributions in Westerly granite are compared to the model based on neutron diffraction data on mineral composition and mineral preferred orientations. Due to high penetration depth of thermal neutrons, information on a large representative volume of geomaterial is obtained; and the method of neutron diffraction allows to investigate same bulk samples that were used for elastic wave propagation study. Thus, ultrasonic sounding (US) and neutron diffraction form a pair of complementary methods suitable for in-depth analysis of elastic anisotropy of rocks.