bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Mathematical Derivation of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yue , Drew Michael GB. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A long-standing scientific problem about ΔG and ∂G/∂ξ, involving the Gibbs-Duhem equation, demonstrates that wrong concepts are sometimes dominant in the literature even though corrections are readily available. This fact shows that the Gibbs-Duhem equation and especially its applications are among the most difficult topics in thermodynamics. Moreover, it demonstrates that there are often weak points in existing methods which necessitate new perspectives. There exist several different derivations of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. A novel mathematical derivation of the equation is developed here and is demonstrated to be more natural, direct, and intuitive than its thermodynamics counterpart. Different perspectives of mathematical and thermodynamic derivations are illustrated along with discussions concerning methods for solving specific scientific problems. The introduction of different self-consistent methods to solve a specific problem is vital in providing researchers with a variety of perspectives, thus, Legendre transformations are used here to introduce thermodynamic functions since the method is unfamiliar to many researchers in this field, also because it is a good method
A Longitudinal Study on Digital Filtering in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Fatemah , Faloutsos Michalis , Abu-Ghazaleh Nael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the space of Internet filtering, we make a rare positive observation: Saudi Arabia has been opening its digital borders since 2017 in a deliberate new era towards openness. Internet filtering is routinely used by institutions to restrict access to websites and services that promote content that is deemed inappropriate with respect to governing laws, values, or policies. Here, we present a comprehensive longitudinal study of digital filtering, which we define to include both mobile apps and website access, in Saudi Arabia over a period of three years. Our results show that Saudi Arabia has indeed made significant progress towards opening its digital borders: (a) the use of mobile applications has been significantly permitted; and (b) web access has become more open. Specifically, we monitor access to: (a) 18 social media and communications mobile apps such as WhatsApp, Facetime, and Skype; and (b) Alexa’s top 500 websites in 18 different categories. First, we find that our mobile app group was completely blocked in 2017, but access was permitted to 67% in 2018, 93% in 2019, and all, except WeChat, in 2020. Second, we conduct measurements from multiple vantage points covering the three largest telecommunications companies in Saudi Arabia: Saudi Telecom Company (STC), Mobily (owned by Etisalat of the United Arab Emirates), and Zain (from Kuwait), and four major cities in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, and Al-Khobar. Our results show that Internet filtering decreased by 3.4% and 2.2% in Adult and Shopping respectively, which are the most two blocked categories. Finally, we find that changes in the filtering policy reflect the wider geopolitical dynamics of the region. For instance, we find that filtering rules emerge for: (a) ISIS-friendly sites in 2020, and (b) news sites from Qatar in 2017, Iran in 2018, and Turkey in 2020, in response to diplomatic tensions. Finally, we investigate and characterize the technical mechanisms and the network topology used in the implementation of the filtering.
Performance Analysis of Multi-hop Token Relay Strategy in HF Networks
Authors: Madani Mohammad Hossein , Gholipoor Pooriya , Poursajadi Sajad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High Frequency (HF) tactical link is one of the most widely used types of long-range telecommunication. Media Access Control (MAC) protocols play a pivotal role in HF network management by affecting data transmission. STANAG 5066 in its 3rd edition recommends HF Wireless Token Ring Protocol (HFWTRP) as a MAC protocol with some features dedicated to HF networks. To deal with temporary link interruption as a natural specification in the HF channel, Relay strategy in HFWTRP is proposed to provide better throughput under this situation. Even though one-hop relay is considered in STANAG, multi-hop relay can retain throughput in more link outages when there are mobile nodes or variable environment like weather changes. Based on the algorithm of the relay in STANAG, a loop in multi-hop relay should be found which can be a detrimental effect on the network and can be solved by adding some bits as relay controller in management frame of HFWTRP. This paper presents a proper evaluation on effect of one-hope relay in the Quality of Service (QoS) of HF networks. Additionally, two-hope relay as a multi-hop relay in the HFWTRP based on the proposed solution for loop creation are simulated and analysed too. The results obtained by NS3 simulator show that two-hop relay in long duration of link outages like 90% probability of disconnection gives 700 bps more throughput with acceptable mean delay vs one-hop relay.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sun Tian , zhang Jun , Zhao Yan , Sun Zhihong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Probiotics have been characterized as useful for maintaining the balance of host gut flora and conferring health effects, but few studies have focused on their potential for delaying aging in the host. Here we show that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (Probio-M9), a healthy breast milk probiotic, enhances the locomotor ability and slows the decline in muscle function of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Through attachment to the intestines, Probio-M9 significantly extends the lifespan of C. elegans in a dietary restriction-independent manner. By screening various aging-related mutants of C. elegans, we find that Probio-M9 activates the p38 cascade and daf-2 signaling pathways. Probio-M9 protects and repairs damaged the mitochondria by activating mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We also find that the metabolism of amino acids, sphingolipid, galactose and fatty acids were significantly increased. These changes in metabolites might be involved in extending the lifespan of C. elegans. We reveal Probio-M9 as a dietary supplementation had the potential to delay aging in C. elegans. Similar beneficial effects of Probio-M9 on the human healthspan, such as delaying the occurrence of age-related chronic diseases, might be expected.
Mycotic Keratitis in Eastern India: Report of a Decade
Authors: Majumder Ashis , DUTTA JAYANTA , Jain Sneha , Ghosh Asim Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to identify the spectrum of the causative organisms of fungal keratitis and to estimate the disease burden in Eastern India for last 10 years.MethodPatients with microbial keratitis attended the cornea service of the tertiary care hospital in West Bengal were screened for Mycotic Keratitis by 10%KOH and culture in Dextrose Sabouraud’s Agar from 2010 till 2019. Data were collected from electronic data set, Outpatient and Inpatient department tickets and analysed for epidemiological features in retrospective fashionResultsWithin 3307 clinically suspected fungal keratitis cases, 1287 (38.92 %) cases were direct microscopy confirmed. Out of 1287 microscopic positive cases 811 (63.01%) were culture positive. In culture positive cases highest was Aspergillus (n = 371, 45.75%) followed by Fusarium (n = 171, 21.09%), Candida (n = 127, 15.86%), and Curvularia (n = 80, 9.86%). Male predominance (62.15%) reported. Peak of infection noted in post-monsoon season. Prominent geographical variation found in this study. Trauma with vegetative matter found to be most common cause in case of Aspergillus (P = 0.009). Candida infection was significantly seen in immuno-compromised patient (P = 0.002). Curvularia found to have highest time to heal (40.83 ± 19.59 days). In all 404 (49.81%) required therapeutic keratoplasty.ConclusionFungal keratitis is a very common cause of corneal blindness in Eastern India, in which Aspergillus is the most common organism and trauma by vegetative matter is the most common risk factor. The spectrum of the causative organisms is very broad due to diverse climatic condition of West Bengal.Trial registration number and date: CTRI/2020/12/029767, REGISTERED ON 14/12/2020, CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY -INDIA.
Perspectives of health service providers in delivering best-practice care for mothers and their Aboriginal babies during the postnatal period.
Authors: Jones Jocelyn , Durey Angela , Strobel Natalie , McAuley Kimberley , Edmond Karen , Coffin Juli , McAullay Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that Aboriginal babies in Western Australia are not receiving adequate primary health care in their first three months of life, leading to questions about enablers and constraints to delivering such care. This paper presents findings from a qualitative research project investigating health providers’ perceptions and experiences of best and current practice in discharge planning, postnatal care and health education for mothers and their Aboriginal newborn babies.Methods Constructivist grounded theory guided this research involving 58 semi-structured interviews conducted with health providers who deliver care to Aboriginal mothers and infants. Participants were recruited from hospital-based and primary health sites in metropolitan Perth, and regional and remote locations in Western Australia. Results Structural factors enabling best practice in discharge planning, postnatal care, and health education for mothers included health providers following best practice guidelines and adequate staffing levels. Organisational enablers included continuity of care throughout pregnancy, birth and postnatally. In particular, good communication between services around discharge planning, birth notifications, and training in culturally respectful care. Structural and organisational constraints to delivering best practice and compromising continuity of care were identified as beyond individual control. These included early discharge, poor communication between different health and social services, inadequate hospital staffing levels and cultural training, delayed receipt of birth notifications and discharge summaries received by Aboriginal primary health services. Conclusion. Findings highlight the importance of examining current policies and practices to promote best practice in postnatal care to improve health outcomes for mothers and their Aboriginal babies.
A catalytic mechanism for Renilla-type bioluminescence
Authors: Marek Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The widely used coelenterazine-powered Renilla luciferase was discovered over 40 years ago but the oxidative mechanism by which it generates blue photons remains unclear. Here we decipher Renilla-type bioluminescence through crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational experiments. Structures of ancestral and extant luciferases complexed with the substrate-like analogue azacoelenterazine or a reaction product were obtained, providing unprecedented snapshots of coelenterazine-to-coelenteramide oxidation. Bound coelenterazine adopts a Y-shaped conformation, enabling the deprotonated imidazopyrazinone component to attack O2 via a radical charge-transfer mechanism. A high emission intensity is secured by an aspartate from a conserved proton-relay system, which protonates the excited coelenteramide product. Another aspartate on the rim of the catalytic pocket fine-tunes the electronic state of coelenteramide and promotes the formation of the blue light-emitting phenolate anion. The results obtained also reveal structural features distinguishing flash-type from glow-type bioluminescence, providing insights that will guide the engineering of next-generation luciferase‒luciferin pairs for ultrasensitive optical bioassays.
Benefit and risk of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hong Myeong-Ki , Kim Choongki , Choi Dong-Woo , Lee Seung-Jun , Suh Yongsung , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Yangsoo , Nam Chung-Mo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not clearly established. This study purposed to compare clinical outcomes of patients with 6-12 (standard) versus 12-24 months (prolonged) DAPT according to CKD.Methods: Using a nationwide, claim-based database, we retrospectively evaluated association between DAPT duration and clinical outcomes including death, composite ischemic event, and composite bleeding event between 1 and 3 years after PCI. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2. Of 73,941 eligible patients, 13,425 (18.2%) had CKD and 49,019 (66%) were prescribed prolonged DAPT. Prolonged DAPT had no significant impact on the risk of clinical outcomes in patients with normal renal function.Results: In patients with CKD, prolonged DAPT was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.95) and composite ischemic events (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.96) and a higher risk of composite bleeding events (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37). Benefit of prolonged DAPT on reducing composite ischemic event increased significantly in patients with worsened renal dysfunction (Pinteraction=0.02) while there was no significant interaction between its bleeding risk and renal dysfunction (Pinteraction=0.22).Conclusion: While standard DAPT would be recommended in patients with normal renal function, tailored decision for DAPT duration would be considered in those with CKD to balance between ischemic and bleeding risks. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04715594).
Assessment of caries activity by using ORATEST among 4-12 years old children”: An observational study
Authors: Jawaid Umeed , Asghar Shama , Gul Meisha , Zafar Ayesha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate caries activity using simple chairside oral rinse test (Oratest) among school going children.Methodology: A total of 50 children aged between 4-12yrs meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and allocated into control group (25 children) and test group (25 children). The test group consisted of 25 children, which were further divided on the basis of no of carious teeth into three subgroups I (1-2 carious teeth), II (3-5 carious teeth) and III (7-9 carious teeth). Oratest was performed to check the existing caries status. The time taken to change Colour depicts the caries activity was recorded in structured proforma. Independent sample T-test and One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Result: Out of total 50 children, 26 were female and 24 were male with a mean age of 6.74 ±2.20 yrs. The result reported significant difference in mean time for Colour change between control and test group. The Oratest time was highest in patients with less carious activity depicting an inverse relation exist between Oratest and caries activityConclusion: Oratest can be used to assess caries activity as a simple, inexpensive, chairside and less time consuming method. It can be of great help in paediatric dental setups for caries activity assessment as it is readily accepted by children.
HPV conversion rates after LEEP, cold-knife conization, and laser and drug therapy: A 4-year follow-up study
Authors: Yi Huan , Chen Fulian , Liu Shihuang , Chen Jingjing , Pan Diling , Lin Yanying , Zhang Shupei , Chen Yusha , Chen Jiancui , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Shaoyu , Zheng Xiangqin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cervical lesions after treatment with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), cold-knife conization, laser and drug therapies.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical data from 215 women with HPV infection and cervical lesions, treated with LEEP [n=122 (56.74%)], cold-knife conization [n=24 (11.16%)], laser therapy [n=10 (4.66%)], or pharmacotherapy [n=59 (27.44%)], respectively, between October 2016 and August 2017 at Fujian Provincial Maternal and Children’s Health Hospital. The risk factors and clinical outcomes of HPV infection and cervical lesions were follow-up for at least 4 years. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to analyze the time to HPV regression after treatment.Results: Overall, 145 patients (67.44%) showed improvement after treatment. The efficacy of conization and LEEP in achieving short-term HPV conversion was significantly better than that of laser and drug treatment (26.43% vs. 5.01%, P=0.04). The study revealed that menopause[odds ratio (OR), 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-4.81, P=0.01];, high-risk HPV infection (OR, 3.6, 95% CI, 0.69-2.71, P=0.02) and a short follow-up (<6 months) (OR, 4.2, 95% CI, 0.31-8.09, P=0.02) were risk factors for poor treatment outcomes ;and OR, 3.25, 95% CI, 1.24-5.17, 2 P=0.01, respectively).Conclusions: Menopause affected outcomes in women with HPV infection. Conization was beneficial for short-term HPV conversion and may be indicated in individuals who were older than 50 years and had high-level cervical lesions and persistent HPV infection. The treatment of HPV infection with laser and pharmacological therapies needs more time.
Role of septoplasty as a stressor in p53 and dark neurons formation when septoplasty simulation in rats.
Authors: Khamidulin G. V. , Dyachenko Y. E. , Kostyaeva M. G. , Tsymbal A. A. , Kastyro I. V. , Startseva E. O. , Shilin S. S. , Shalamov K. P. , Popadyuk V. I. , Torshin V. I. , Mikhalskaia P. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of surgical stress on the formation of p53-positive and dark neurons (DN) in the hippocampus, and to examine the parallelism of their formation in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus.Simulated septoplasty was performed on 20 Wistar rats. The hippocampus and dentate gyrus (DG) were examined, in which the number of DN and p53-positive neurons was determined at 2, 4 and 6 days after surgery.Compared with the control group (n = 5), the number of DN and p53-positive neurons increased in experimental animals at all periods. A direct relationship was obtained between the increase in the number of DN and p53-positive neurons in the hippocampal formation.Septoplasty simulation in rats results in the pathogenetic cascades onset, which, in its turn, changes the morpho-functional properties of neurons of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus and contributes to their neuroplasticity. Activation of NMDS receptors of neurons during stress apparently, initiates two ways of neuron life – the beginning of p53 protein expression and the DN formation. Both ways can finally lead to apoptosis. The formation of dark neurons and the expression of the p53 protein in them are most likely to be interconnected and can probably provide neuroprotective mechanisms.
The Relationship Between Covid-19 Fear and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: Dehghani Maryam , Mousazadeh Noushin , Almasi Saeideh , Ahmadinia Hassan , Rezaee Hanie , Talebi Maryam , Hakimi Hamideh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus pandemic and health measures related to it have led to an increase in psychological crises. The relatively high incidence of the disease and its mortality has caused concern in society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 320 patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by random sampling method in 2021. Data were collected using the Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) questionnaire and obsessive-compulsive disorder scale and analyzed using Spss20 software. They were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test).Results: The mean ± SD age of the subjects was 34.14 ± 9.30 years and 65% of study subjects were women. The mean ± SD score of obsessive-compulsive disorder scale was 32.90 ± 19.87 and the mean ± SD score of fear of coronavirus was 16.82 ± 5.79. The contamination dimension of OCD had the highest score 9.04 ± 5.46 and stealing had the lowest score of 0.10 ± 0.49. The mean fear of corona in people who had a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder before the quarantine was significantly higher than those who did not have it (P = 0.002). Along with increasing fear of coronavirus score, the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorders increased except for stealing dimension (p <0.001).Conclusions: The results of the study showed that there was a moderate level of fear of corona among the study population. Also, a relatively high proportion of study subjects had a weak manifestation of OCD. It seems that two years after the beginning of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, people have adapted to the conditions, and their fear of the disease is reduced.
The Study Of Carbonyls Emissions And Ozone Removal On Green Recycled Building Materials
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsiang , Lin Chi-Chi , Ke Kai-Jyun , Hsiao Chun Chan , Tsai Jheng Fong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green recycled building materials (GRBMs) have potential to reduce carbon footprint but with insufficient emission information. The increasing application of GRBMs may affect human health due to potential primary and/or secondary emissions. This study center on the assessment of carbonyls emissions and ozone removal on Green Recycled Building Materials under ozone exposure circumstances. Tested materials include gypsum board (GB), waterproof gypsum board (WGB), fiber cement board (FCB), and calcium silicate board (CSB). Among all the observed carbonyls, methacrolein and formaldehyde were the only two that could be found on all four recycled building materials. All carbonyls compounds had relatively high emission factors at the beginning of the experiment and decreased to a relatively lower level one month later. Carbonyls emissions were about 33.3%、27.0%、59.2% and 7.0% of their original values for WGB, FCB, CSB, and GB, respectively. The ozone removal efficiencies at the beginning and one month later were 63.26±6.11% and 61.59±5.46% on CSB, 55.74±4.94% and 47.16±7.97% on FCB, 54.59±6.50% and 34.93±6.77% on GB, and 53.63±8.40% and 23.49±6.63% on WGB, respectively. CSB seems to be a healthier recycled building material compared with WGB, GB and FCB in terms of low carbonyls emissions and high ozone removal efficiency.