bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy and unhealthy eating after a behaviour change intervention in primary care
Authors: Samdal Gro Beate , Furset Ole Johan , Nysæther Marte Blom , Abildsnes Eirik , Mildestvedt Thomas , Meland Eivind 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
To prevent and reduce non-communicable diseases, the Norwegian Directorate of Health encourages Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) in all municipalities.

Aims:
This study investigates whether the behaviour change interventions at HLCs positively affected participants’ diet and to evaluate predictors for healthy and unhealthy eating. Our data are part of the Norwegian Healthy Life Centre Study, a 6-month, pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods:
Totally, 118 participants ≥18 years old were randomised to an intervention group (n 57), or a waiting list (control group) (n 61). Eighty-six participants met at the 6 months follow-up visit. We merged the participants to one cohort for predictor analyses, using linear regressions.

Findings:
The RCT of the HLCs’ interventions had no effect on healthy and unhealthy eating 6 months after baseline compared with controls. A short, additional healthy eating education programme produced a modest, statistically significant improvement in healthy eating compared with controls. This did not, however, reduce unhealthy eating. Higher income predicted unhealthier eating over time. Increasing body mass index and impaired physical functioning also led to an increase in unhealthy eating. Healthy eating at 6 months was predicted by self-rated health (SRH), vitality and life satisfaction, and hampered by musculo-skeletal challenges and impaired self-esteem (SE). SRH impacted improvement in healthy eating during the 6 months. The effect of interventions on healthier eating may be improved by an emphasis on developing positive self-concepts like better SRH, vitality, life satisfaction, and SE.
Counterfactuals and Contingency in WTO Dispute Settlement History
Authors: Pelc Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the benefit of hindsight, much scholarship across political science, law, and economics has told the story of the international trade regime as if it had been pulled all along by a definite aim. By contrast, this article emphasizes the contingent aspects of the trade regime's development, looking especially to its dispute settlement mechanism. The very creation of the Appellate Body had by no means a certain outcome, and once created, the tribunal's evolution was largely unanticipated by states. An often-overlooked actor played a key role in that development: the WTO Secretariat. Drawing on recent findings, this article lays out the full extent of the Secretariat's role in dispute settlement, which remains largely hidden from view, and deliberately so. From appointing adjudicators and managing their remuneration, to providing them with legal arguments and drafting final rulings, the Secretariat of the WTO looms larger than in any comparable tribunal. Making its influence more transparent, I argue, would go a long way to returning the system to the shape it was designed to have at its outset.
Rethinking Sea‐Level Projections Using Families and Timing Differences
Authors: Slangen A. B. A. , Haasnoot M. , Winter G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the recent decade, many global and regional sea‐level rise (SLR) projections have been published, which raises questions for users. Here, we present a series of strategies to help users to see the forest for the trees, by reducing the number of choices to be made. First, we use the similarities in the methodologies and contributing sources of the projections to group 82 projections from 29 publications into only 8 families. Second, we focus on the timing of reaching several global mean SLR thresholds, and the uncertainty therein, rather than the projected value in the year 2100. Finally, we combine the information on timing and families to define three categories which can support decision making. For global mean SLR up to 0.50 m the differences in timing are small, regardless of climate scenario or family, clearly indicating a timing window for adaptation decisions. For larger global mean SLR (0.75–1.00 m), the climate scenario becomes more important for the uncertainties in timing, but the SLR threshold will be crossed within a limited window of time, supporting adaptation decision making on the medium to long term. Beyond 1.00 m the differences between the families and climate scenario strongly determine the uncertainties in timing, and more information is needed, for instance using early warning signals, before decisions for adaptation can be made. We make recommendations on how each of these three categories, combined with the lead time and lifespan of adaptation options, can inform decisions on adaptation strategies using adaptation pathways planning.
Numerical Investigation of Sediment‐Yield Underestimation in Supply‐Limited Mountain Basins With Short Records
Authors: Hirschberg Jacob , McArdell Brian W. , Bennett Georgina L. , Molnar Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate and sediment supply are critical for geomorphic systems. It is known that complex relations between such forcings and sediment mobilization may lead to dampened or erased environmental signals in sediment records. But it is unclear under which circumstances environmental signals are transmitted and measurable downstream. We used a numerical approach consisting of a sediment cascade model and a stochastic weather generator to quantify climate forcing effects under a range of sediment supply regimes in a debris‐flow catchment in the Swiss Alps (Illgraben). We show that sediment yields estimated from short records are highly uncertain both in terms of mean and interannual variability. Furthermore, sediment yields tend to be underestimated in supply‐limited systems, where also long‐term memory effects, driven by the history of sediment storage, are evident. Consequently, determining geomorphic system response from short records may be grossly inaccurate and should be extended with sediment supply detection and uncertainty analysis.
Implications of Multiple Corona Bursts in Lightning Processes for Radio Frequency Interferometer Observations
Authors: Liu Ningyu , Scholten Olaf , Dwyer Joseph R. , Hare Brian M. , Sterpka Christopher F. , Tilles Julia N. , Lind Frank D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent observations from LOFAR indicate that multiple, spatially distributed corona bursts can occur in lightning processes with a timescale of 10 microseconds. The close proximity of the corona bursts in space and time poses a great observation challenge for short‐baseline (typically ≤100 m) radio interferometers. This paper reports simulations to show the interferometry results that would be obtained with such an interferometer. In particular, spatially‐separated corona bursts at fixed locations may be seen as a fast (>107 m/s) propagating source with large power variation if the resolution of the instrument is greater than the spatial separation of the bursts. The implications and suggestions for lightning interferometry studies are discussed in the paper.
Using InSAR Data to Improve the Water Vapor Distribution Downstream of the Core of the South American Low‐Level Jet
Authors: Mateus P. , Miranda P. M. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo and half years of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images obtained by Sentinel‐1 near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, before August 2019 are here analyzed and assimilated in the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) to assess the quality of the water vapor field at the core of the South American Low‐level Jet, and the downstream propagation of the implied water vapor anomalies into a large sector of South America. Due to the topographic locking of the Jet near the edge of the Andes cordillera at Santa Cruz, this experiment allows an assessment of the extension of the spatial impact of InSAR data assimilation in varying circulation conditions. That data improves the model skill at varying locations thousands of kilometers downstream, in both the distribution of water vapor assessed at a large number of well‐distributed GNSS observations and precipitation assessed against the Global Precipitation dataset and ERA5 reanalysis. Gains in the precipitation forecast skill are found to have a larger impact on the forecast of light rain, and lead to an almost cancellation of forecasts of no rain in cases with moderate to heavy rain. Because the distribution of water vapor is a main driver of weather, and InSAR is one of the few sources of data that can look down to mesoscale resolution regardless of daytime or weather, it is suggested that it may have a significant positive impact on short‐range weather forecasting and, maybe more importantly, on the quality of the climate of the forecast model.
Mutant p53: it’s not all one and the same
Authors: Kennedy Margaret C. , Lowe Scott W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMutation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most common genetic alteration in cancer, and almost 1000 alleles have been identified in human tumors. While virtually all TP53 mutations are thought to compromise wild type p53 activity, the prevalence and recurrence of missense TP53 alleles has motivated countless research studies aimed at understanding the function of the resulting mutant p53 protein. The data from these studies support three distinct, but perhaps not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms for how different p53 mutants impact cancer: first, they lose the ability to execute wild type p53 functions to varying degrees; second, they act as a dominant negative (DN) inhibitor of wild type p53 tumor-suppressive programs; and third, they may gain oncogenic functions that go beyond mere p53 inactivation. Of these possibilities, the gain of function (GOF) hypothesis is the most controversial, in part due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different mutant p53 proteins. Herein we discuss the current state of understanding of TP53 allele variation in cancer and recent reports that both support and challenge the p53 GOF model. In these studies and others, researchers are turning to more systematic approaches to profile TP53 mutations, which may ultimately determine once and for all how different TP53 mutations act as cancer drivers and whether tumors harboring distinct mutations are phenotypically unique. From a clinical perspective, such information could lead to new therapeutic approaches targeting the effects of different TP53 alleles and/or better sub-stratification of patients harboring TP53 mutant cancers.
Isolation of infectious Lloviu virus from Schreiber’s bats in Hungary
Authors: Kemenesi Gábor , Tóth Gábor E. , Mayora-Neto Martin , Scott Simon , Temperton Nigel , Wright Edward , Mühlberger Elke , Hume Adam J. , Suder Ellen L. , Zana Brigitta , Boldogh Sándor A. , Görföl Tamás , Estók Péter , Szentiványi Tamara , Lanszki Zsófia , Somogyi Balázs A. , Nagy Ágnes , Pereszlényi Csaba I. , Dudás Gábor , Földes Fanni , Kurucz Kornélia , Madai Mónika , Zeghbib Safia , Maes Piet , Vanmechelen Bert , Jakab Ferenc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome filoviruses can be transmitted to humans by zoonotic spillover events from their natural host and filovirus outbreaks have occured with increasing frequency in the last years. The filovirus Lloviu virus (LLOV), was identified in 2002 in Schreiber’s bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain and was subsequently detected in bats in Hungary. Here we isolate infectious LLOV from the blood of a live sampled Schreiber’s bat in Hungary. The isolate is subsequently sequenced and cultured in the Miniopterus sp. kidney cell line SuBK12-08. It is furthermore able to infect monkey and human cells, suggesting that LLOV might have spillover potential. A multi-year surveillance of LLOV in bats in Hungary detects LLOV RNA in both deceased and live animals as well as in coupled ectoparasites from the families Nycteribiidae and Ixodidae. This correlates with LLOV seropositivity in sampled Schreiber’s bats. Our data support the role of bats, specifically Miniopterus schreibersii as hosts for LLOV in Europe. We suggest that bat-associated parasites might play a role in the natural ecology of filoviruses in temperate climate regions compared to filoviruses in the tropics.
Stress distribution and surface shock wave of drop impact
Authors: Sun Ting-Pi , Álvarez-Novoa Franco , Andrade Klebbert , Gutiérrez Pablo , Gordillo Leonardo , Cheng Xiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrop impact causes severe surface erosion, dictating many important natural, environmental and engineering processes and calling for substantial prevention and preservation efforts. Nevertheless, despite extensive studies on the kinematic features of impacting drops over the last two decades, the dynamic process that leads to the drop-impact erosion is still far from clear. Here, we develop a method of high-speed stress microscopy, which measures the key dynamic properties of drop impact responsible for erosion, i.e., the shear stress and pressure distributions of impacting drops, with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolutions. Our experiments reveal the fast propagation of self-similar noncentral stress maxima underneath impacting drops and quantify the shear force on impacted substrates. Moreover, we examine the deformation of elastic substrates under impact and uncover impact-induced surface shock waves. Our study opens the door for quantitative measurements of the impact stress of liquid drops and sheds light on the origin of low-speed drop-impact erosion.
Biomimetic KcsA channels with ultra-selective K+ transport for monovalent ion sieving
Authors: Xin Weiwen , Fu Jingru , Qian Yongchao , Fu Lin , Kong Xiang-Yu , Ben Teng , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltra-selective and fast transport of K+ are of significance for water desalination, energy conversion, and separation processes, but current bottleneck of achieving high-efficiency and exquisite transport is attributed to the competition from ions of similar dimensions and same valence through nanochannel communities. Here, inspired by biological KcsA channels, we report biomimetic charged porous subnanometer cages that enable ultra-selective K+ transport. For nanometer to subnanometer scales, conically structured double-helix columns exhibit typical asymmetric transport behaviors and conduct rapid K+ with a transport rate of 94.4 mmol m−2 h−1, resulting in the K+/Li+ and K+/Na+ selectivity ratios of 363 and 31, respectively. Experiments and simulations indicate that these results stem from the synergistic effects of cation-π and electrostatic interactions, which impose a higher energy barrier for Li+ and Na+ and lead to selective K+ transport. Our findings provide an effective methodology for creating in vitro biomimetic devices with high-performance K+ ion sieving.
USP8 inhibition reshapes an inflamed tumor microenvironment that potentiates the immunotherapy
Authors: Xiong Wenjun , Gao Xueliang , Zhang Tiantian , Jiang Baishan , Hu Ming-Ming , Bu Xia , Gao Yang , Zhang Lin-Zhou , Xiao Bo-Lin , He Chuan , Sun Yishuang , Li Haiou , Shi Jie , Xiao Xiangling , Xiang Bolin , Xie Conghua , Chen Gang , Zhang Haojian , Wei Wenyi , Freeman Gordon J. , Shu Hong-Bing , Wang Haizhen , Zhang Jinfang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has achieved impressive therapeutic outcomes in patients with multiple cancer types. However, the underlined molecular mechanism(s) for moderate response rate (15–25%) or resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains not completely understood. Here, we report that inhibiting the deubiquitinase, USP8, significantly enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy through reshaping an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, USP8 inhibition increases PD-L1 protein abundance through elevating the TRAF6-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of PD-L1 to antagonize K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1. In addition, USP8 inhibition also triggers innate immune response and MHC-I expression largely through activating the NF-κB signaling. Based on these mechanisms, USP8 inhibitor combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade significantly activates the infiltrated CD8+T cells to suppress tumor growth and improves the survival benefit in several murine tumor models. Thus, our study reveals a potential combined therapeutic strategy to utilize a USP8 inhibitor and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy.
Heterogeneous relational message passing networks for molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Zun , Wang Chong , Zhao Sibo , Xu Yong , Hao Shaogang , Hsieh Chang Yu , Gu Bing-Lin , Duan Wenhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith many frameworks based on message passing neural networks proposed to predict molecular and bulk properties, machine learning methods have tremendously shifted the paradigms of computational sciences underpinning physics, material science, chemistry, and biology. While existing machine learning models have yielded superior performances in many occasions, most of them model and process molecular systems in terms of homogeneous graph, which severely limits the expressive power for representing diverse interactions. In practice, graph data with multiple node and edge types is ubiquitous and more appropriate for molecular systems. Thus, we propose the heterogeneous relational message passing network (HermNet), an end-to-end heterogeneous graph neural networks, to efficiently express multiple interactions in a single model with ab initio accuracy. HermNet performs impressively against many top-performing models on both molecular and extended systems. Specifically, HermNet outperforms other tested models in nearly 75%, 83% and 69% of tasks on revised Molecular Dynamics 17 (rMD17), Quantum Machines 9 (QM9) and extended systems datasets, respectively. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations and material property calculations are performed with HermNet to demonstrate its performance. Finally, we elucidate how the design of HermNet is compatible with quantum mechanics from the perspective of the density functional theory. Besides, HermNet is a universal framework, whose sub-networks could be replaced by other advanced models.
Bioartificial pulsatile cuffs fabricated from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using a pre-vascularization technique
Authors: Endo Yuki , Homma Jun , Sekine Hidekazu , Matsuura Katsuhisa , Shimizu Tatsuya , Niinami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is great interest in the development of techniques to bioengineer pulsatile myocardial tissue as a next-generation regenerative therapy for severe heart failure. However, creation of thick myocardial grafts for regenerative medicine requires the incorporation of blood vessels. In this study, we describe a new method of constructing a vascular network in vivo that allows the construction of thick human myocardial tissue from multi-layered cell sheets. A gelatin sheet pre-loaded with growth factors was transplanted onto the superficial femoral artery and vein of the rat. These structures were encapsulated together within an ethylene vinyl alcohol membrane and incubated in vivo for 3 weeks (with distal superficial femoral artery ligation after 2 weeks to promote blood flow to the vascular bed). Subsequently, six cardiomyocyte sheets were transplanted onto the vascular bed in two stages (three sheets, two times). Incubation of this construct for a further week generated vascularized human myocardial tissue with an independent circulation supplied by an artery and vein suitable for anastomosis to host vessels. Notably, laminating six cell sheets on the vascular bed in two stages rather than one allowed the creation of thicker myocardial tissue while suppressing tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Finally, the pulsatile myocardial tissue was shown to generate auxiliary pressure when wrapped around the common iliac artery of a rat. Further development of this technique might facilitate the generation of circulatory assist devices for patients with heart failure.
Transcriptome-wide analysis of glioma stem cell specific m6A modifications in long-non-coding RNAs
Authors: Steponaitis Giedrius , Stakaitis Rytis , Valiulyte Indre , Krusnauskas Raulas , Dragunaite Rugile , Urbanavičiūtė Rūta , Tamasauskas Arimantas , Skiriute Daina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interest in chemical RNA modifications is rapidly growing in the field of molecular biology. Dynamic and reversible alterations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification are responsible for a platter of structural and functional changes in healthy and cancerous cell states. Although many studies reported the link between tumor initiation/progression and m6A modulators, there are few studies exploring transcriptome-wide m6A profile of non-coding RNAs. The aim of current study was to identify glioma stem cell (GSC) specific m6A landscape of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) applying MeRIP-seq approach. MeRIP-seq analysis assigned 77.9% of m6A peaks to mRNAs and 8.16% to lncRNAs. GSCs and differentiated cells showed 76.4% conservation of m6A peaks, while 19.4% were unique to GSCs. Seven novel GSC-specific m6A modified lncRNAs were identified: HRAT92, SLCO4A1-AS1, CEROX1, PVT1, AGAP2-AS1, MIAT, and novel lncRNA gene ENSG00000262223. Analysis disclosed a strong negative correlation between lncRNAs m6A modification rate and expression. MeRIP-seq analysis revealed m6A modifications on previously reported glioma-associated lncRNAs: LINC000461, HOTTIP, CRNDE, TUG1, and XIST. Moreover, current study disclosed that most highly m6A modified lncRNAs primarily contain m6A modifications close to 3′ and 5′ ends. Our results provide basis and insight for further studies of m6A modifications in non-coding transcriptome of GSCs.
Inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia in Iranian adults-results from SARIR study
Authors: Asoudeh Farzaneh , Dashti Fatemeh , Raeesi Shima , Heshmat Ramin , Bidkhori Mohammad , Jalilian Zahra , Hashemi Rezvan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome studies suggested the effects of inflammatory cytokines in reducing muscle mass and muscle strength and, performance. This study aimed to compare pro-inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects. 120 men and women were selected out from the cross-sectional study ‘sarcopenia and its determinants among Iranian elders’ (SARIR). Sarcopenia was defined based on the first ‘European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people’ (EWGSOP1) guidelines. A fasting blood sample was taken from each participant to measure serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). A total of 120 participants were included in this study. Mean age was 66.7 ± 7.7 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2. Forty participants had the criteria of EWGSOP1 sarcopenia. A statistically significant difference was seen between normal and abnormal groups of muscle strength in hs-CRP (P-value = 0.04). Furthermore, we did not observe any remarkable association between inflammatory biomarkers including IL-6 (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.31–4.28), TNF-α (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.17–2.77), and hs-CRP (OR 2.39; 95% CI 0.87–6.55) and the presence of sarcopenia even after controlling for plausible confounders. We found that inflammatory biomarkers level was not associated with odds of sarcopenia. The lack of correlation between inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia could be due to the participants’ age and genetics. Future studies are required to confirm these findings.