bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of maxillary lateral incisors rehabilitation using Morse taper connection extra‐narrow implants at 12‐month follow‐up: A case report
Authors: Thomé Geninho , Vianna Camila Pereira , Caldas Waleska , Bernardes Sergio Rocha , Uhlendorf Jean , Cartelli Carolina Accorsi , Trojan Larissa Carvalho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNarrow‐diameter implants (≤3.5 mm) have been proposed to address the challenge of implant placement in cases of insufficient bone quantity, thin alveolar crest, and small cervical diameter teeth replacement The aim of this study is to report one‐year outcomes of extra‐narrow implant rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors, due to agenesis, in a young adult that presented sites with reduced mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. A 26‐year‐old male patient in need of fixed‐implant supported prostheses due to the absence of permanent maxillary lateral incisors and with limited space, was submitted to surgery to receive two 2.9 mm hybrid Morse taper connection implants with hydrophilic surfaces. Immediate loading was applied by means of insertion of provisional prostheses, which were replaced for all‐ceramic prostheses 12 months after surgery. The 1 year follow‐up showed clinical and radiographic success of extra‐narrow implant rehabilitation. Also, both regions presented good evolution of peri‐implant esthetics, as assesses using the pink esthetic score, with improvements at 4 months follow‐up and reaching high scores 12 months after surgery. Although the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors is challenging due to limited space for the insertion of implants, the clinical case suggests that the use of extra‐narrow Morse Taper implants with hybrid design and hydrophilic surface is a reliable alternative, presenting good outcomes regarding hard and soft tissue and it is a versatile solution or immediate loading procedure. Further studies are needed to confirm extra‐narrow implant predictability.
Splenogonadal fusion: A case series of two challenging diagnoses
Authors: Lazreg Khouloud Ben , Helal Imen , Khanchel Fatma , Daieb Aida , Tlili Sameh , El fekih Sirine , Brahim Ehsen Ben , Hellal Youssef , Jouini Raja , Debbiche Achraf Chadli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSplenogonadal fusion is an abnormal connection between the spleen and gonads. This rare entity can be easily confused with testicular tumors. It usually accompanies congenital malformations, such as cryptorchidism, making diagnosis more difficult. Surgeons must be aware of this entity to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy. In some cases, biopsy may help with diagnosis.
Reversible Multi‐Electron Reaction Mechanism of Sodium Vanadium/Manganese Phosphate Cathode for Enhanced Na‐Storage Capability
Authors: Lin Xiaochen , Ren Xuefei , Cong Lin , Liu Yue , Xiang Xingde 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are widely regarded as an important candidate for low cost large‐scale storage of intermittent energies. NASICON‐type vanadium‐based phosphate with formula of Na3V2(PO4)3 exhibits promising application as cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to robust structural framework and high electrochemical activity. However, it is intrinsically limited by low theoretical specific capacity (117 mAh g−1) owing to only two‐electron reaction mechanism below 4.0 V. Accordingly, exploring novel vanadium‐based phosphates cathode with multi‐electron reaction mechanism is essential. Herein, carbon‐coated sodium vanadium/manganese phosphate (Na3.25V1.75Mn0.25(PO4)3/C) was reported as enhanced cathode for sodium‐ion batteries. Its structural properties, charge/discharge performance and electrochemical redox mechanism were investigated by coupling X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic technique. It was unexpectedly found that the material not only achieved a high practical capacity (126.1 mAh g−1) of larger than the theoretical value of traditional Na3V2(PO4)3 compound, but also exhibited good cycling stability with 96 % capacity retention after 40 cycles. Experimental evidences revealed that the material underwent a reversible multi‐electron reaction mechanism involving V4+/V3+, Mn3+/Mn2+ and V5+/V4+ redox couples during Na extraction/insertion process, and the improved capacity was attributed to additional contribution of manganese substitution‐activated V5+/V4+ redox reaction at the high potential of ∼3.8 V (vs Na+/Na).
Towards the Stability of Waveform Relaxation in Distributed Process Co‐Simulation
Authors: Wack Thorsten , Schröder Andreas , Deerberg Görge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin the Carbon2Chem® collaborative research project, mathematical models are used to simulate operational scenarios of cross‐industrial networks, particularly chemical plants implemented in a steel mill environment. In this context the distributed co‐simulation is used, which enables the independent development of the constituent subsystems. The underlying waveform relaxation algorithm is examined and evaluated with regard to its stability and convergence characteristics when calculating the solution in comparison to the monolithic modeling approach.
Modeling the role of HIF in the regulation of metabolic key genes LDH and PDH: Emergence of Warburg phenotype
Authors: Spinicci Kévin , Jacquet Pierre , Powathil Gibin , Stéphanou Angélique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOxygenation of tumors and the effect of hypoxia on cancer cell metabolism is a widely studied subject. Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), the main actor in the cell response to hypoxia, represents a potential target in cancer therapy. HIF is involved in many biological processes such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, iron metabolism, and glucose metabolism. This protein regulates the expressions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), both essential for the conversion of pyruvate to be used in aerobic and anaerobic pathways. HIF upregulates LDH, increasing the conversion of pyruvate into lactate which leads to higher secretion of lactic acid by the cell and reduced pH in the microenvironment. HIF indirectly downregulates PDH, decreasing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A, which leads to reduced usage of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in aerobic pathways. Upregulation of HIF may promote the use of anaerobic pathways for energy production even in normal extracellular oxygen conditions. Higher use of glycolysis even in normal oxygen conditions is called the Warburg effect. In this paper, we focus on HIF variations during tumor growth and study, through a mathematical model, its impact on the two metabolic key genes PDH and LDH, to investigate its role in the emergence of the Warburg effect. Mathematical equations describing the enzyme regulation pathways were solved for each cell of the tumor represented in an agent‐based model to best capture the spatio‐temporal oxygen variations during tumor development caused by cell consumption and reduced diffusion inside the tumor. Simulation results show that reduced HIF degradation in normoxia can induce higher lactic acid production. The emergence of the Warburg effect appears after the first period of hypoxia before oxygen conditions return to a normal level. The results also show that targeting the upregulation of LDH and the downregulation of PDH could be relevant in therapy.
Molecular Metallocorrole–Nanorod Photocatalytic System for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dong Kaituo , Le Trung‐Anh , Nakibli Yifat , Schleusener Alexander , Wächtler Maria , Amirav Lilac 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Lilac Amirav at Technion—Israel Institute of Technology. The image shows the sustainable solar‐driven photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water using a molecular metallocorrole–nanorod photocatalytic system. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202200804.
The global burden of disease attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: An updated analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Liang Ruyi , Feng Xiaobing , Shi Da , Yang Meng , Yu Linling , Liu Wei , Zhou Min , Wang Xing , Qiu Weihong , Fan Lieyang , Wang Bin , Chen Weihong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsHigh fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is an independent risk factor for several adverse health outcomes and has become a serious public health problem. We aimed to evaluate the spatial pattern and temporal trend of disease burden attributed to HFPG from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.Materials and MethodsUsing data from GBD 2019, we estimated the numbers and age‐standardized rates of deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to HFPG by calendar year, age, gender, country, region, Socio‐demographic Index (SDI), and specific causes. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the temporal trends of deaths and DALYs from 1990 to 2019.ResultsIn 2019, globally, the numbers of deaths and DALYs attributable to HFPG were approximately 6.50 million and 172.07 million, respectively, with age‐standardized rates of 83.00 per 100,000 people and 2104.26 per 100,000 people, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global numbers of deaths and DALYs attributed to HFPG have over doubled. The age‐standardized rate of DALYs showed an increasing trend, particularly in males and in regions with middle SDI or below. The leading causes of the global disease burden attributable to HFPG in 2019 were diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease.ConclusionsHFPG is an important contributor to increasing the global and regional disease burden. Necessary measures should be taken to curb the growing burden attributed to HFPG, particularly in males and in regions with middle SDI or below.
Recovered frog populations coexist with endemic Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis despite load‐dependent mortality
Authors: Hollanders Matthijs , Grogan Laura F. , Nock Catherine J. , McCallum Hamish I. , Newell David A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNovel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the greatest recorded loss of vertebrate biodiversity attributable to a pathogen. Despite catastrophic declines on several continents, many affected species have experienced population recoveries after epidemics. However, the potential ongoing threat of endemic Bd in these recovered or recovering populations is still poorly understood. We investigated the threat of endemic Bd to frog populations that recovered after initial precipitous declines, focusing on the endangered rainforest frog Mixophyes fleayi. We conducted extensive field surveys over 4 years at three independent sites in eastern Australia. First, we compared Bd infection prevalence and infection intensities within frog communities to reveal species‐specific infection patterns. Then, we analyzed mark‐recapture data of M. fleayi to estimate the impact of Bd infection intensity on apparent mortality rates and Bd infection dynamics. We found that M. fleayi had lower infection intensities than sympatric frogs across the three sites, and cleared infections at higher rates than they gained infections throughout the study period. By incorporating time‐varying individual infection intensities, we show that healthy M. fleayi populations persist despite increased apparent mortality associated with infrequent high Bd loads. Infection dynamics were influenced by environmental conditions, with Bd prevalence, infection intensity, and rates of gaining infection associated with lower temperatures and increased rainfall. However, mortality remained constant year‐round despite these fluctuations in Bd infections, suggesting major mortality events did not occur over the study period. Together, our results demonstrate that while Bd is still a potential threat to recovered populations of M. fleayi, high rates of clearing infections and generally low average infection loads likely minimize mortality caused by Bd. Our results are consistent with pathogen resistance contributing to the coexistence of M. fleayi with endemic Bd. We emphasize the importance of incorporating infection intensity into disease models rather than infection status alone. Similar population and infection dynamics likely exist within other recovered amphibian‐Bd systems around the globe, promising longer‐term persistence in the face of endemic chytridiomycosis.
Postfire futures in southwestern forests: Climate and landscape influences on trajectories of recovery and conversion
Authors: Coop Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSouthwestern ponderosa pine forests are vulnerable to fire‐driven conversion in a warming and drying climate, yet little is known about what kinds of ecological communities may replace them. To characterize postfire vegetation trajectories and their environmental determinants, plant assemblages (361 sample plots including 229 vascular plant species, surveyed in 2017) were sampled within eight burns that occurred between 2000 and 2003. I used nonmetric multidimensional scaling,k‐means clustering, principal component analysis, and random forest models to assess relationships between vegetation pattern, topographic and landscape factors, and gridded climate data. I describe seven postfire community types, including regenerating forests of ponderosa pine, aspen, and mixed conifers, shrub‐dominated communities of Gambel oak and mixed species, and herb‐dominated communities of native bunchgrasses and mixtures of ruderal, native, and nonnative species. Forest recovery was generally associated with cooler, mesic sites in proximity to forested refugia; shifts toward scrub and grassland types were most common in warmer, dryer locations distant from forested refugia. Under future climate scenarios, models project decreases in postfire forest recovery and increases in nonforest vegetation. However, forest to nonforest conversion was partially offset under a scenario of reduced burn severity and increased retention of forested refugia, highlighting important management opportunities. Burning trends in the southwestern United States suggest that postfire vegetation will occupy a growing landscape fraction, compelling renewed management focus on these areas and paradigm shifts that accommodate ecological change. I illustrate how management decisions around resisting, accepting, or directing change could be informed by an understanding of processes and patterns of postfire community variation and likely future trajectories.
Laboratory measures of boldness correlate with ecological niche in threespine stickleback
Authors: Theódórsson Benedikt Kári , Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg Ásta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch on among individual variation in behavior has increased rapidly in recent years. It is intuitively appealing that variation in the behavior of individuals has ecological consequences, for example, on trophic niche. Bold individuals, with a tendency to be explorative and risk‐tolerant, can be less likely to alter their foraging behavior based on context and, therefore, forage more consistently. Stable isotopes are a useful tool to retrospectively estimate ecological niche and have been found to correlate with foraging behavior in the wild and can be used to extend studies to further examine the ecological or evolutionary relevance of animal personality measured in the laboratory. We examined if common behavioral traits related to ecological niche in the wild using a rapid behavioral assay and δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes from fin and muscle, reflecting ecological niche for the previous weeks and months. We found that bolder stickleback (and females) were enriched in δ13C compared with shyer stickleback (and males) but the covariation of gender and stable isotope values complicate inferences. Nevertheless, the current results highlight the long‐term ecological importance of among individual variation in behavior and are among the first to support a correlation between laboratory measures of behavior and ecological niche in the wild and to document gender differences in stable isotope values of fish.
An optimization under uncertainty in system equations and applications to robust AC optimal power flow
Authors: Suzuki Ryohei , Yasuda Keiichiro , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a formulation of an optimization of uncertain systems and the solution technique. The optimization under uncertainties is formulated as an optimization problem which includes unknown variables in equality constraints called system equations as well as in an objective function and inequality constraints. As countermeasures against the uncertainties, a min‐max criterion is applied to the objective function and robustness criteria are introduced to the inequality constraints. By differentiating state variables satisfying the equality constraints from the decision variables, we reformulate the optimization problem based on the worst‐case scenario of the state variables corresponding to the uncertain variables and we propose a “constraints‐relaxation procedure” based method considering the equality constraints to solve the reformulated problem. In this method, a constraints‐relaxed problem is solved corresponding to a finite number of samples of uncertain variables. Furthermore, a new sample of uncertain variables is sequentially generated corresponding to the inequality constraint which the solution violates most, together with state variables satisfying the system equations at the new worst‐case scenario. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples including robust AC optimal power flow considering distributed energy resources.
Rapid colonization of the post‐burn environment improves egg survival in pyrophilic ground beetles
Authors: Bell Aaron J. , Calladine Kiara S. , Wardle David A. , Phillips Iain D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany insects are drawn to the heat, ash, and smoke produced by forest fires and arrive in large numbers at recent burns, often while the fire is still active. Some of these insects are pyrophilic and reproduce exclusively in the immediate aftermath of fire but are rarely, if ever, collected from unburnt habitats. Numerous observations made at active fires note an apparent preference among some pyrophilic insects to oviposit exclusively in the burnt portions of trees, raising broader questions about the adaptive benefits of reproduction in the post‐burn environment. Here, we tested whether the reproductive output of pyrophilic ground beetles (i.e.,Sericodaspp.) increased in heat‐sterilized soils. In the first experiment, the eggs ofSericoda quadripunctatawere reared in three types of soil collected from burnt forests: recently burnt soil (collected 1–2 weeks after the fire), soil collected 1 year after burn, and soil from an unburnt patch of forest adjacent to the fire. Daily monitoring through a dissecting microscope documented extensive predation of eggs by soil microarthropods (mites, springtails, and nematodes), especially in 1‐year‐old and unburnt soil treatments. This led to a second experiment that included the same three treatments and an additional fourth soil treatment: recently, burnt soil reheated to 100°C for 2 h (i.e., reheated soil). In this experiment, male and female pairs (n = 100) ofSericoda obsoletawere reared for 14 days in jars containing 90 g of soil corresponding to each of the four soil treatments. Reproductive output, measured as the number of larvae produced by each breeding pair, was significantly higher in the reheated soil, suggesting that heat sterilization and removal of soil‐dwelling predators improved egg survival. Our findings suggest that pyrophily in insects may have evolved as a means of increasing reproductive output in the post‐burn environment through access to heat‐sterilized ovipositing substrates. Furthermore, the abrupt disappearance ofSericodaand other pyrophilic insects following fire may be explained by suboptimal reproductive conditions as the burn is colonized by other organisms and by local emigration in favor of other recent burns on the landscape.
Revolutionized learning: Education policy and digital reform in the eurozone
Authors: Shehaj Albana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEducation reform has emerged as the main policy priority during the global pandemic. Given the effect of education on individual well‐being and macrolevel socioeconomic growth, countries have undertaken a variety of policy measures to offset the negative ramifications of the health outbreak on learning processes. This article examines policy conditions that shape disparities in education policy and learning outcomes across eurozone countries. It argues that sustaining robust education systems in the postpandemic era calls for policy initiatives that strengthen digital literacy and ensure equitable learning opportunities for all student demographics. Examining pre‐existing education policy and digital literacy, I argue that strengthening partnerships among education stakeholders and making efficient use of resources effectively sets eurozone countries on a path to education recovery. Policy measures that advance the digitalization of learning infrastructures have the capacity to increase human capital and narrow postpandemic socioeconomic disparities among eurozone countries.
Successful treatment with MEK‐inhibitor in a patient with NRAS‐related cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome
Authors: Carli Diana , Cardaropoli Simona , Tessaris Daniele , Coppo Paola , La Selva Roberta , Cesario Claudia , Lepri Francesca Romana , Pullano Verdiana , Palumbo Martina , Ramenghi Ugo , Brusco Alfredo , Medico Enzo , De Sanctis Luisa , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Mussa Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS) is caused by somatic mosaic NRAS variants and characterized by melanocytic/sebaceous naevi, eye, and brain malformations, and FGF23‐mediated hypophosphatemic rickets. The MEK inhibitor Trametinib, acting on the RAS/MAPK pathway, is a candidate for CSHS therapy. A 4‐year‐old boy with seborrheic nevus, eye choristoma, multiple hamartomas, brain malformation, pleural lymphangioma and chylothorax developed severe hypophosphatemic rickets unresponsive to phosphate supplementation. The c.182A > G;p.(Gln61Arg) somatic NRAS variant found in DNA from nevus biopsy allowed diagnosing CSHS. We administered Trametinib for 15 months investigating the transcriptional effects at different time points by whole blood RNA‐seq. Treatment resulted in prompt normalization of phosphatemia and phosphaturia, catch‐up growth, chylothorax regression, improvement of bone mineral density, reduction of epidermal nevus and hamartomas. Global RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononucleate cells showed transcriptional changes under MEK inhibition consisting in a strong sustained downregulation of signatures related to RAS/MAPK, PI3 kinase, WNT and YAP/TAZ pathways, reverting previously defined transcriptomic signatures. CSHS was effectively treated with a MEK inhibitor with almost complete recovery of rickets and partial regression of the phenotype. We identified “core” genes modulated by MEK inhibition potentially serving as surrogate markers of Trametinib action.