bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Integration Performed by a Broadband High‐Efficiency Spin‐Decoupled Metasurface
Authors: Yang Ling‐Jun , Sun Sheng , Sha Wei E. I. , Hu Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchieving broadband multitasked integration on an ultrathin interface is pivotal to increasing data capacity. However, broadband bifunctional metasurfaces exhibiting high‐efficiency and crosstalk‐free characteristics are rarely seen. Here, three broadband spin‐decoupled criteria are developed to design the meta‐atoms of high‐efficiency bifunctional metasurfaces. Specifically, six dipole‐loaded quasi‐I‐shaped meta‐atoms are proposed to satisfy the broadband spin‐decoupled criteria in radio band from 8.6 to 17.8 GHz (about 70% bandwidth) with more than 90% efficiency. The metasurface equipped with the proposed meta‐atoms can keep dispersionless phase gradients and crosstalk‐free characteristics in two orthogonal circular polarizations. This work demonstrates the broadband scheme with spin‐decoupled bifunctional metasurface, yielding two independent broadband multimode vortex beams in two completely decoupled helicities. Besides, other possible applications of the proposed meta‐atoms are illustrated from the perspective of the half‐wave plant (polarization control). Accordingly, the other multitasked‐type bifunctional metasurface is fabricated to achieve the broadband integration of two different functionalities: polarization conversion and full‐polarization anomalous refraction. The proposed schemes offer broadband, polarization‐multiplexing, and multitasked‐integration routes for complex electromagnetic wave manipulations within a subwavelength thickness, which can stimulate the development of electromagnetic/optical integration devices with broadband multiplexing techniques.
Crystal Growth of 3D Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Based Bone Scaffolds and Its Effects on the Physical Properties and Cellular Interactions
Authors: Huang Boyang , Wang Yaxin , Vyas Cian , Bartolo Paulo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtrusion additive manufacturing is widely used to fabricate polymer‐based 3D bone scaffolds. However, the insight views of crystal growths, scaffold features and eventually cell‐scaffold interactions are still unknown. In this work, melt and solvent extrusion additive manufacturing techniques are used to produce scaffolds considering highly analogous printing conditions. Results show that the scaffolds produced by these two techniques present distinct physiochemical properties, with melt‐printed scaffolds showing stronger mechanical properties and solvent‐printed scaffolds showing rougher surface, higher degradation rate, and faster stress relaxation. These differences are attributed to the two different crystal growth kinetics, temperature‐induced crystallization (TIC) and strain‐induced crystallization (SIC), forming large/integrated spherulite‐like and a small/fragmented lamella‐like crystal regions respectively. The stiffer substrate of melt‐printed scaffolds contributes to higher ratio of nuclear Yes‐associated protein (YAP) allocation, favoring cell proliferation and differentiation. Faster relaxation and degradation of solvent‐printed scaffolds result in dynamic surface, contributing to an early‐stage faster osteogenesis differentiation.
Boosted Heterogeneous Catalysis by Surface‐Accumulated Excess Electrons of Non‐Oxidized Bare Copper Nanoparticles on Electride Support
Authors: Han Sung Su , Thacharon Athira , Kim Jun , Chung Kyungwha , Liu Xinghui , Jang Woo‐Sung , Jetybayeva Albina , Hong Seungbum , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Kim Young‐Min , Cho Eun Jin , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEngineering active sites of metal nanoparticle‐based heterogeneous catalysts is one of the most prerequisite approaches for the efficient production of chemicals, but the limited active sites and undesired oxidation on the metal nanoparticles still remain as key challenges. Here, it is reported that the negatively charged surface of copper nanoparticles on the 2D [Ca2N]+∙e− electride provides the unrestricted active sites for catalytic selective sulfenylation of indoles and azaindoles with diaryl disulfides. Substantial electron transfer from the electride support to copper nanoparticles via electronic metal–support interactions results in the accumulation of excess electrons at the surface of copper nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface‐accumulated excess electrons prohibit the oxidation of copper nanoparticle, thereby maintaining the metallic surface in a negatively charged state and activating both (aza)indoles and disulfides under mild conditions in the absence of any further additives. This study defines the role of excess electrons on the nanoparticle‐based heterogeneous catalyst that can be rationalized in versatile systems.
Ultra‐Narrowband Blue Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Oda Susumu , Kawakami Bungo , Horiuchi Masaru , Yamasaki Yuki , Kawasumi Ryosuke , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUltra‐narrowband blue multi‐resonance‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials (V‐DABNA and V‐DABNA‐F), consisting of three DABNA subunits possessing phenyl or 2,6‐difluorophenyl substituents on the peripheral nitrogen atoms are synthesized by one‐shot triple borylation. Benefiting from the inductive effect of fluorine atoms, the emission maximum of V‐DABNA‐F (464 nm) is blueshifted from that of the parent V‐DABNA (481 nm), while maintaining a small full width at half maximum (FWHM, 16 nm) and a high rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing (6.5 × 105 s−1). The organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using V‐DABNA and V‐DABNA‐F as emitters are fabricated by vapor deposition and exhibit blue emission at 483 and 468 nm with small FWHMs of 17 and 15 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale d’Éclairage coordinates of (0.09, 0.27) and (0.12, 0.10), respectively. Both devices achieve high external quantum efficiencies of 26.2% and 26.6% at the maximum with minimum efficiency roll‐offs of 0.9% and 3.2%, respectively, even at 1000 cd m−2, which are record‐setting values for blue MR‐TADF OLEDs.
The molecular genetics of RASopathies: An update on novel disease genes and new disorders
Authors: Tartaglia Marco , Aoki Yoko , Gelb Bruce D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnhanced signaling through RAS and the mitogen‐associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade underlies the RASopathies, a family of clinically related disorders affecting development and growth. In RASopathies, increased RAS‐MAPK signaling can result from the upregulated activity of various RAS GTPases, enhanced function of proteins positively controlling RAS function or favoring the efficient transmission of RAS signaling to downstream transducers, functional upregulation of RAS effectors belonging to the MAPK cascade, or inefficient signaling switch‐off operated by feedback mechanisms acting at different levels. The massive effort in RASopathy gene discovery performed in the last 20 years has identified more than 20 genes implicated in these disorders. It has also facilitated the characterization of several molecular activating mechanisms that had remained unappreciated due to their minor impact in oncogenesis. Here, we provide an overview on the discoveries collected during the last 5 years that have delivered unexpected insights (e.g., Noonan syndrome as a recessive disease) and allowed to profile new RASopathies, novel disease genes and new molecular circuits contributing to the control of RAS‐MAPK signaling.
COVID‐19: Impact on children living in out‐of‐home care and their carers
Authors: Townsend Michelle L. , Tarren‐Sweeney Michael , Hopkins Joanna , Paxman Marina , Dey Proshanta , Katz Ilan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChildren enter out‐of‐home care (OOHC) having experienced significant childhood adversities and trauma. Little is known about the short‐term impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on this vulnerable group. To gain some insights, we analysed the early impacts on the well‐being and experiences of children in OOHC and their carers using the Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study data prior to and post the first lockdown restrictions. A total of 862 children, young people and their carers were interviewed either pre‐COVID‐19 restrictions (n = 567) (April 2019–March 2020) or post‐COVID‐19 restrictions (n = 295) (June–December 2020). While the two groups showed no significant differences in socio‐emotional well‐being, both the pre‐ and the post‐COVID‐19 restriction groups of children in OOHC had slight reductions in socio‐emotional well‐being. The interviews with the post‐COVID‐19 group showed that the pandemic restrictions affected children's well‐being and behaviour, education, social and physical activities, as well as time spent with their birth family. Likewise, interviews with carers post‐COVID‐19 found a negative effect on carers' well‐being, their ability to manage financially and their capacity to care and access services and support. The article contributes new evidence to inform OOHC policy and practice to support service systems facing unique challenges arising from a pandemic.
Tenecteplase Improves Reperfusion across Time in Large Vessel Stroke
Authors: Yogendrakumar Vignan , Beharry James , Churilov Leonid , Alidin Khairunnisa , Ugalde Melissa , Pesavento Lauren , Weir Louise , Mitchell Peter J. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Yassi Nawaf , Thijs Vincent , Wu Teddy Y. , Shah Darshan G. , Dewey Helen M. , Wijeratne Tissa , Yan Bernard , Desmond Patricia M. , Sharma Gagan , Parsons Mark W. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C. V. ,   for the Royal Melbourne Stroke Registry and EXTEND‐IA TNK Collaborators
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTenecteplase improves reperfusion compared to alteplase in patients with large vessel occlusions. To determine whether this improvement varies across the spectrum of thrombolytic agent to reperfusion assessment times, we performed a comparative analysis of tenecteplase and alteplase reperfusion rates.MethodsPatients with large vessel occlusion and treatment with thrombolysis were pooled from the Melbourne Stroke Registry, and the EXTEND‐IA and EXTEND‐IA TNK trials. The primary outcome, thrombolytic‐induced reperfusion, was defined as the absence of retrievable thrombus or >50% reperfusion at imaging reassessment. We compared the treatment effect of tenecteplase and alteplase, accounting for thrombolytic to assessment exposure times, via Poisson modeling. We compared 90‐day outcomes of patients who achieved reperfusion with a thrombolytic to patients who achieved reperfusion via endovascular therapy using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAmong 893 patients included in the primary analysis, thrombolytic‐induced reperfusion was observed in 184 (21%) patients. Tenecteplase was associated with higher rates of reperfusion (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.07, p = 0.01). Findings were consistent in patient subgroups with first segment (aIRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.93–2.14) and second segment (aIRR = 2.07, 95% CI = 0.98–4.37) middle cerebral artery occlusions. Increased thrombolytic to reperfusion assessment times were associated with reperfusion (tenecteplase: adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.08 per 15 minutes, 95% CI = 1.04–1.13 vs alteplase: aRR = 1.06 per 15 minutes, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13). No significant treatment‐by‐time interaction was observed (p = 0.87). Reperfusion via thrombolysis was associated with improved 90‐day modified Rankin Scale scores (adjusted common odds ratio = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.54–3.01) compared to patients who achieved reperfusion following endovascular therapy.InterpretationTenecteplase, compared to alteplase, increases prethrombectomy reperfusion, regardless of the time from administration to reperfusion assessment. Prethrombectomy reperfusion is associated with better clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:489–499
A Combined Panel of Salivary Biomarkers in de novo Parkinson's Disease
Authors: De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Vivacqua Giorgio , Belvisi Daniele , Mancinelli Romina , Fabbrini Andrea , Manzo Nicoletta , Costanzo Matteo , Leodori Giorgio , Conte Antonella , Fabbrini Giovanni , Morini Sergio , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate molecular biomarkers of a‐synuclein and tau aggregation, autophagy, and inflammation in the saliva of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in comparison to healthy subjects (HS), and to correlate molecular data with clinical features of PD patients, in order to establish whether abnormalities of these parameters are associated with specific clusters of de novo PD patients, and their potential diagnostic power in differentiating PD patients from HS.MethodsWe measured total and oligomeric a‐synuclein, total‐tau and phosphorylated‐tau, microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 beta (MAP‐LC3beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the saliva of 80 de novo PD patients and 62 HS, using quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent Assay analysis.ResultsOligomeric a‐synuclein, total‐tau, MAP‐LC3beta, and TNFalpha levels resulted significantly higher in patients with respect to HS, while no significant differences were detected for total a‐synuclein or phosphorylated‐tau. Phosphorylated‐tau directly correlated with MAP‐LC3beta, whereas it inversely correlated with TNFalpha in PD patients. An inverse correlation was detected between MAP‐LC3beta and non‐motor symptoms severity. Principal Component Analysis showed that molecular and clinical parameters were independent of each other in de novo PD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis reported an accurate diagnostic performance of oligomeric a‐synuclein and MAP‐LC3beta. The diagnostic accuracy of total a‐synuclein increased when it was combined with other salivary biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways.InterpretationOur study proposes a novel biomarker panel using saliva, a non‐invasive biofluid, in de novo PD patients, with implications in understanding the molecular pathways involved in PD pathogenesis and the relevance of different molecular pathways in determining clinical PD subtypes. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:446–459
Chemical Upcycling of Conventional Polyureas into Dynamic Covalent Poly(aminoketoenamide)s
Authors: Ma Youwei , Jiang Xuesong , Yin Jie , Weder Christoph , Berrocal José Augusto , Shi Zixing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chemical upcycling of polymers is an emerging strategy to transform post‐consumer waste into higher‐value chemicals and materials. However, on account of the high stability of the chemical bonds that constitute their main chains, the chemical modification of many polymers proves to be difficult. Here, we report a versatile approach for the upcycling of linear and cross‐linked polyureas, which are widely used because of their high chemical stability. The treatment of these polymers or their composites with acetylacetone affords di‐vinylogous amide‐terminated compounds in good yield. These products can be reacted with aromatic isocyanates, and the resulting aminoketoenamide bonds are highly dynamic at elevated temperatures. We show here that this conversion scheme can be exploited for the preparation of dynamic covalent poly(aminoketoenamide) networks, which are healable and reprocessable through thermal treatment without any catalyst.
Off‐center Mechanophore Activation in Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhang Hang , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) are used in numerous applications in modern materials science. Yet, like homopolymers, BCPs can undergo covalent bond scission when mechanically stressed (mechanochemistry), which could lead to unexpected consequences in such applications. BCPs’ heterogeneity may affect force transduction, perhaps changing force distribution and localization. To verify this, agem‐dichlorocyclopropane (gDCC) embedded linear chain is prepared and extended with a poly(methyl methacrylate) block. When stressed in solution, the mechanochemical ring‐opening ofgDCC is accelerated compared to homopolymers, even though the mechanophores are at the chain ends. Moreover, a higher mechanophore activation selectivity is obtained. These results indicate that mechanochemical response outside, and even far from the chain center is quite prominent in BCPs, and that forces along the polymer chain can efficiently activate multi‐mechanophores regions, even when far from the polymer midchain.
Regulating the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polymer‐based Nanocomposites by Sub‐Nanowires
Authors: Yuan Feng , Ouyang Chen , Yang Minzheng , Shi Wenxiong , Ren Weibin , Shen Yang , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang , Wang Xun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSub‐nanowires (SNWs) exhibit great potential applications in nanocomposites owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, and similarity to polymer chains in dimension, which are a good entry point to bridge inorganic materials and polymer materials. Herein, we synthesized hydroxyapatite sub‐nanowires (HAP SNWs) and engineered hydroxyapatite sub‐nanowires/polyimide (HSP) gels and films by simple mixing of HAP SNWs and polyimide (PI). Benefiting from the interactions between HAP SNWs and PI, these nanocomposites were a continuous hybrid network. As the increase of HAP SNWs contents, the viscosity and modulus of HSP gels were greatly improved by one or two orders of magnitude compared with PI gel. HSP films not only maintained high transparency but also gained high haze, as well as exhibited enhanced Young's modulus. Thus, both HSP gels and films developed in this work are promising for various applications in coatings and high‐performance films.
Polyphosphinoborane Block Copolymer Synthesis Using Catalytic Reversible Chain‐Transfer Dehydropolymerization
Authors: Race James J. , Heyam Alex , Wiebe Matthew A. , Diego‐Garcia Hernandez J. , Ellis Charlotte E. , Lei Shixing , Manners Ian , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn amphiphilic block copolymer of polyphosphinoborane has been prepared by a mechanism‐led strategy of the sequential catalytic dehydropolymerization of precursor monomers, H3B ⋅ PRH2(R=Ph, n‐hexyl), using the simple pre‐catalyst [Rh(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2]Cl. Speciation, mechanism and polymer chain growth studies support a step‐growth process where reversible chain transfer occurs, i.e. H3B ⋅ PRH2/oligomer/polymer can all coordinate with, and be activated by, the catalyst. Block copolymer [H2BPPhH]110‐b‐[H2BP(n‐hexyl)H]11can be synthesized and self‐assembles in solution to form either rod‐like micelles or vesicles depending on solvent polarity.
Single Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Charged Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with High Volume Yield
Authors: Huang Tong , Jiang Haifei , Douglin John C. , Chen Yu , Yin Shuoyao , Zhang Junfeng , Deng Xiaojuan , Wu Hong , Yin Yan , Dekel Dario R. , Guiver Michael D. , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCovalent organic framework nanosheets (COF‐NSs) are emerging building blocks for functional materials, and their scalable fabrication is highly desirable. Current synthetic methods suffer from low volume yields resulting from confined on‐surface/at‐interface growth space and complex multiple‐phase synthesis systems. Herein, we report the synthesis of charged COF‐NSs in open space using a single‐phase organic solution system, achieving magnitudes higher volume yields of up to 18.7 mg mL−1. Charge‐induced electrostatic repulsion forces enable in‐plane anisotropic secondary growth from initial discrete and disordered polymers into large and crystalline COF‐NSs. The charged COF‐NS colloidal suspensions are cast into thin and compact proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with lamellar morphology and oriented crystallinity, displaying outstanding proton conductivity, negligible dimensional swelling, and good H2/O2 fuel cell performance.
Chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol for water shut‐off and conformance control treatments during oil production: The effect of silica nanoparticles
Authors: Rajabi M. Sadegh , Moradi Rasoul , Andrade L. Omar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic commercial polymer with the inherent hydrophilicity, thermal and chemical resistance, ecofriendly, and a high anti‐fouling potential making it an attractive choice for water treatment applications, but has been less studied for oil and gas industry applications. On the other hands, nowadays nanotechnology has gained an important space within most core areas in upstream oil and gas operations. The present work, first PVA at various concentrations, was added to 5 wt% NaCl solution and then, crosslinked by formaldehyde 37% at two different concentration ratios. To compare, a nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated in the same way with 1 wt% silica nanoparticles (NPs). Contact angle and filtration test were performed to confirm the ability of PVA hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel for oil and water adsorption. Following this, a rheology measurement was made to realize the gelation time of samples and their performance for water shutoff applications. Finally, an experimental flooding setup was designed to inject the fluids into carbonate plugs in order to estimate of oil and water effective permeability, and oil recovery factor (RF) before and after the PVA hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel injection. Both samples wettability tests showed a super‐hydrophilic state for brine droplets and neutral state for synthetic oil droplets by using nanocomposite hydrogel. The flooding tests revealed that the PVA hydrogel was clogged the plug with blocking efficiency of 32.83% for water effective permeability and 14.60% for oil effective permeability. This value was calculated to be 50.37% for water effective permeability and 31.36% for oil effective permeability in the case of nanocomposite hydrogel injection. Oil RF was also reported to be 64.58% after injecting PVA hydrogel which was higher than nanocomposite hydrogel injection with RF of 52.08%.
Population dynamics and biorational management of sucking insect vectors on chili (Capsicum annuumL.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mst. Fatema , Jahan Mashrat , Das Keya R. , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll , Kil Eui‐Joon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo evaluate population fluctuations in relation to weather parameters and biorational management of sucking insect vectors in chili (Capsicum annuumL.), we conducted a study at the experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, in 2020 and 2021. It has been shown in this study that sucking insects (aphids, jassids, whiteflies, and thrips) were active throughout the study period. The highest count of sucking insect vectors (24.67 aphids, 13.72 whitefly, and 56.56 thrips) in March and (14.83 jassid) in April was recorded at average temperatures of 34–36°C and 31°C, respectively. There was a positive correlation between pest abundance and temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall for all insects, with the exception of a negative correlation between whiteflies and temperature and rainfall. The results of linear regression models showed that abiotic factors contribute to pest abundance levels, with 100R2values of 14.9 (thrips), 46.3 (jassids), 7.1 (whiteflies), and 0.67 (aphids); the results were statistically significant for all models in the case of thrips, jassids, and whiteflies, but not significant in the case of aphids. The most effective treatment was spinosad 45SC, a bacterium‐derived pesticide recommended for the control of sucking insect vector complexes in chili. The results from the spinosad‐treated plot, in terms of insect counts and corresponding mortality rates, were as follows: aphids (3.68), 68.89%; jassids (3.52), 72.01%; whiteflies (3.00), 66.69%; and thrips (3.40), 69.20%. The results of this study will aid in developing predictive models of different control agents against sucking insect vectors in vegetable crops.