bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and isolation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Eta variant from the international travelers and local residents of India
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Gupta Nivedita , Shastri Jayanthi , Sahay Rima R. , Patil Deepak Y. , M. Shete Anita , Razdan Alpana , Agrawal Sachee , Kumar Abhinendra , Majumdar Triparna , Patil Savita , Sarkale Prasad , Baradkar Shreekant , Dudhmal Manisha , Kaur Harmanmeet , Aggarwal Neeraj 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInternational travel has been the major source for the rapid spread of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants across the globe. During SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic surveillance, a total of 212 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive clinical specimens were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing. A complete SARS‐CoV‐2 genome could be retrieved from 90 clinical specimens. Of them, 14 sequences belonged to the Eta variant from clinical specimens of international travelers (n = 12) and local residents (n = 2) of India, and 76 belonged to other SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Of all the Eta‐positive specimens, the virus isolates were obtained from the clinical specimens of six international travelers. Many variants of interest have been found to cause substantial community transmission or cluster infections. The detection of this variant with lethal E484K mutation across the globe and India necessitates persistent genomic surveillance of the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, which would aid in taking preventive action.
Microglia form satellites with different neuronal subtypes in the adult murine central nervous system
Authors: Bakina Olga , Kettenmann Helmut , Nolte Christiane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In the adult uncompromised CNS, they have a highly ramified morphology and continuously extend and retract their processes. A subpopulation of microglial cells forms close soma‐to‐soma contacts with neurons and have been termed satellite microglia, yet the role of such interaction is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the distribution of satellite microglia in different areas of the CNS of adult male mice applying transgenic‐ and immunolabeling of neuronal subtypes and microglia followed by three‐dimensional imaging analysis. We quantified satellite microglia associated with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex, striatum, and thalamus; with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the basal forebrain and raphe nucleus, respectively; and with cerebellar Purkinje cell neurons. Satellite microglia in the retina were assessed qualitatively. Microglia form satellites with all neuronal subtypes studied, whereas a preference for a specific neuron subtype was not found. The occurrence and frequency of satellite microglia is determined by the histo‐architectural organization of the brain area and the densities of neuronal somata therein.
Good intentions, bad behavior: A review and synthesis of the literature on unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work
Authors: Mo Shenjiang , Lupoli Matthew J. , Newman Alexander , Umphress Elizabeth E. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryScholars have investigated work behaviors that are intended to help others, yet at the same time violate societal values, norms, laws, or standards of proper conduct. We refer to these actions collectively as unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the UPB literature. Our review makes several contributions: First, we clarify definitional issues surrounding UPB, while also offering suggestions for the improvement of measurement and methodology in the study of UPB. Second, we review the major theoretical perspectives that have been adopted in empirical research on UPB at different levels of analysis and summarize the empirical findings on the topic. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical and empirical challenges facing this work. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research that clears a path toward resolving these issues and advancing knowledge of UPB.
The curvilinear relationship between team member boundary‐spanning differentiation and creativity
Authors: Yao Jin , Feng Jie , Liu Xinmei 
Published: February 2022

SummaryTeam creativity, as one of the most important sources of organizational competitiveness and continuous innovation, requires rich and non‐redundant information from both internal and external sources. Although an emerging line of research has shed light on the role of team boundary‐spanning activity in promoting creativity, it has solely focused on the mean level of team boundary‐spanning activity and rarely addressed the fact that not all team members engage in boundary‐spanning behaviors to the same extent. In this study, we broaden the existing knowledge by examining when and how the pattern of team boundary spanning, particularly the differentiation in team member boundary‐spanning activities, promotes team creativity. Based on the categorization‐elaboration model, we propose a curvilinear relationship between team member boundary‐spanning differentiation and creativity that is mediated through information sharing. Further, we add an important layer of understanding to the nature of this curvilinear relationship by identifying team goal interdependence as an important moderator. Using multisource data collected from two time points in 70 teams, we have received general support for our hypotheses. As such, we enrich the conversation about the importance of team boundary spanning by answering “Whether team boundary‐spanning differentiation fosters creativity, and when and how?”
Winter anticyclone activities in Siberia and their relationship to the regional temperature anomaly
Authors: Lu Chuhan , Zhang Yumin , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnder global warming, the frequent occurrence of Eurasian extreme cold events in the Northern Hemisphere in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Winter Eurasia near‐surface anticyclone activities are closely related to low temperatures. This study uses a new objective anticyclone identification algorithm based on a Mask region‐based convolutional neural network (Mask R‐CNN) to detect long‐term winter Eurasian anticyclone activities. We found that most tracks of Eurasian anticyclones (30.5%) pass Siberia in winter. Anticyclone tracks over Siberia can be well separated into the eastward moving type, the northwest–southeast type, and the local type, with distinct associated circulation patterns. The energy dispersions of upstream Rossby waves have an important influence on the movement, maintenance and intensification of the three types. In association with anticyclones intensifying in Siberia, surface air temperatures in the mid‐latitudes of Eurasia, especially Siberia, are significantly lower. In particular, the local type is the most active (56.1%) and is significantly correlated with the winter temperature anomaly in most areas of East Asia. Further research indicates that the preceding autumn sea ice condition in the Barents Sea can be used as a precursor factor to modulate the local type anticyclone activity and winter temperature anomaly in East Asia. In years of less ice, a quasi‐meridional wave activity flux originating from the Barents Sea is more active, and the centre SLP of the local type anticyclone is higher with more cold air mass carried, which in turn results in colder weather in Siberia, the Mongolian Plateau and East Asia.
Surgical timing after preoperative chemotherapy is associated with oncologic outcomes in resectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Sutton Thomas L. , Wong Liam H. , Walker Brett S. , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Eil Robert L. , Ibewuike Uchechukwu , Chen Emerson Y. , Rocha Flavio G. , Billingsley Kevin G. , Mayo Skye C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPreoperative chemotherapy (POC) is often employed for patients with resectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). The time to resection (TTR) following the end of chemotherapy may impact oncologic outcomes; this phenomenon has not been studied in CRLM.MethodsWe queried our institutional cancer database for patients with resected CRLM after POC from 2003 to 2019. TTR was calculated from date of last cytotoxic chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to analyze recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsWe identified n = 187 patients. One hundred twenty‐four (66%) patients had a TTR of <2 months, while 63 (33%) had a TTR of ≥2 months. Median follow‐up was 36 months. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with TTR ≥ 2 months had shorter RFS (median 11 vs. 17 months, p = 0.002) and OS (median 44 vs. 62 months, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, TTR ≥ 2 months was independently associated with worse RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–2.22, p = 0.02) and OS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.11–2.77, p = 0.01).ConclusionTTR ≥ 2 months following POC is independently associated with worse oncologic outcomes in patients with resectable CRLM. We therefore recommend consideration for hepatic resection of CRLM within this window whenever feasible.
Strategies for efficient estimation of soil organic content at the local scale based on a national spectral database
Authors: Li Hongyi , Li Yuheng , Yang Meihua , Chen Songchao , Shi Zhou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil function degradation threatens the sustainable management of soil resources and soil organic matter (SOM) is a vital and important factor. Powerful measuring tools will become very important, especially in areas where data are poor or absent. The archive: China Soil Visible and Near Infrared (vis–NIR) Spectroscopy Library (CSSL) could help providea solution for less costly and fast measuring of SOM. The aim of this article was to compare SOM prediction performance according to three strategies: i) general global partial least squares regression (PLSR) using CSSL with and without spiking samples; ii) memory‐based learning (MBL) using CSSL with and without spiking samples; and iii) general PLSR using only spiking samples to predict soil organic matter in the target area. When using spiked subsets, we also investigated the prediction performance of the extra‐weighted (several copies) subsets. A series of spiking subsets were randomly selected from the total spiking samples, which were selected by conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) from the target sites. We calculated only the mean squared Euclidean distance (msd) between the estimates density function (pds) of the principal components (PCs) of vis–NIR spectroscopy from the validation dataset and spiking subsets and statistically inferred the optimal sampling set size to be 30. Our study showed that global PLSR using CSSL spiked with the statistically optimal local samples can achieve higher predicted performance [with a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.75]. MBL spiked with five extra‐weighted optimal spiking samples achieved the best accuracy with an RMSE of 3.98, an R2 of 0.70, a bias of 0.04, and an LCCC of 0.81. The msd is a simple and effective method to determine an adequate spiking set size using only vis–NIR data. These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of statistically representative spiking and MBL for advanced large soil spectral libraries for SOM determination, which is currently lacking at large soil spectral libraries in use.
Simazine degradation in agroecosystems: Will it be affected by the type and amount of microplastic pollution?
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wen Yuan , Cheng Hongguang , Zang Huadong , Jones Davey L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlastics and herbicides represent two of the most extensive and persistent anthropogenic contaminants entering agroecosystems. The synergistic interaction of these pollutants on soil health, however, remains poorly understood. For the first time, we investigated the behavior of a common selective triazine herbicide (simazine) in soil containing 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% (w/w) of two commonly found microplastics, namely polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The mineralization of 14C‐labeled simazine in soil decreased with the presence of both PE and PVC as indicated by the lower total 14CO2 loss. Consequently, the half‐life of simazine increased in the presence of microplastics, although there was little difference between microplastic types. The ratio of fungi‐to‐bacteria in the soil increased by 9%–18% after 1% of microplastics addition, while enzyme activities involved in C‐cycling decreased by 20%–46% in soil amended with PVC relative to the control. Further, enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the half‐life of simazine when added with PVC. Therefore, we ascribe the repression in simazine degradation to changes in microbial community structure (increased fungi‐to‐bacteria ratio) and reduced enzyme activities. Overall, microplastics accumulation in soil decreases herbicide breakdown resulting in herbicide residuals remaining, which in turn, may increase their risk of reaching ground or surface waters.
Local winds and encroaching currents drive summertime subsurface blooms over a narrow shelf
Authors: Schlosser Tamara L. , Lucas Andrew J. , Jones Nicole L. , Nash Jonathan D. , Ivey Gregory N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability to forecast the biological productivity of the coastal ocean relies on the quantification of the physical processes that deliver nutrients to the euphotic zone. Here we explore these pathways using observations of the coupled biological and physical variability of waters offshore of the east coast of Tasmania in the summertime. The observations include an array of moored autonomous profilers deployed over an 18‐d period—providing continuous, full‐depth measurements of turbulent microstructure, temperature, velocity, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence, complemented by shipboard nutrient measurements. Local upwelling was driven by the encroaching East Australian Current (EAC) extension onto the shelf and to a lesser extent the local winds. The interaction of the local winds and the encroaching boundary current was reflected in the shelf nutrient budget and led to a rapid increase in subsurface Chl a. Diffusive vertical fluxes had minimal impact on subsurface Chl a in the mid‐shelf and outer‐shelf. Upwelling‐favorable winds were too weak to drive significant vertical mixing, and mixing associated with the current‐driven Ekman transport was too deep compared to the euphotic zone depth. The observed subsurface Chl a did not reflect the satellite estimates of productivity. Since the EAC extension transports warm, low‐nutrient surface waters from the subtropics, satellite chlorophyll measurements decreased during the same period the depth‐averaged Chl a increased. This seeming paradox illustrated how long duration, full water column sampling can elucidate the coupled biological and physical processes that aid our ongoing effort to forecast the biological state of the coastal ocean.
Simultaneous Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Bottlebrush Block Copolymers at Room Temperature via Photoinitiated RAFT Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Yang Shuaiqi , Peng Shaojie , Chen Ying , Zhang Li , Tan Jianbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBottlebrush polymers exhibiting unique properties have attracted considerable attention for applications in many research areas. Herein, the first simultaneous synthesis and self‐assembly of bottlebrush block copolymers at room temperature via photoinitiated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (photo‐PISA) using multifunctional macromolecular chain transfer agents (macro‐CTAs) is reported. Comparing with linear block copolymers, the bottlebrush block copolymers can promote the formation of higher‐order morphologies (e.g., vesicles) when targeting similar degrees of polymerization (DPs). Moreover, a higher polymerization rate is observed in the case of bottlebrush block copolymers. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis shows that good polymerization control is maintained when synthesizing bottlebrush block copolymers by photo‐PISA. Finally, the obtained bottlebrush block copolymer vesicles are used as seeds for further chain extension and multicompartment nanoparticles with a sponge internal structure are formed. It is expected that this study will not only expand polymer architectures employed in PISA, but also provide a new strategy to synthesize polymer nanoparticles with unique structures.
A novel FAM83H variant causes familial amelogenesis imperfecta with incomplete penetrance
Authors: Bai Rui‐Qi , He Wen‐Bin , Peng Qian , Shen Su‐Hui , Yu Qian‐Qian , Du Juan , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Wang Yue‐Hong , Liu Bin‐Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is known to be a monogenic genetic disease caused by a variety of genes demonstrating a wide spectrum of penetrance. FAM83H is reported to be involved in AI: however, whether FAM83H causes AI with incomplete penetrance is unclear.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed on two patients with AI, and putative disease‐related variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic and in vitro functional analyses were performed to functionally characterize the identified disease‐causing variants.ResultsWe identified a novel heterozygous nonsense variant of FAM83H (NM_198488: c.1975G > T, p.Glu659Ter); in vitro functional analysis showed that this mutant produced mislocalized proteins and was deleterious. Surprisingly, the clinical manifestations of each of the six individuals carrying this variant were different, with one carrier appearing to be completely asymptomatic for AI.ConclusionOur findings expand the variant spectrum for FAM83H and the phenotypic spectrum for FAM83H‐associated AI and suggest that FAM83H‐mediated AI exhibits incomplete penetrance.
Automatic inverse treatment planning of Gamma Knife radiosurgery via deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Liu Yingzi , Shen Chenyang , Wang Tonghe , Zhang Jiahan , Yang Xiaofeng , Liu Tian , Kahn Shannon , Shu Hui‐Kuo , Tian Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeSeveral inverse planning algorithms have been developed for Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery to determine a large number of plan parameters by solving an optimization problem, which typically consists of multiple objectives. The priorities among these objectives need to be repetitively adjusted to achieve a clinically good plan for each patient. This study aimed to achieve automatic and intelligent priority tuning by developing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based method to model the tuning behaviors of human planners.MethodsWe built a priority‐tuning policy network using deep convolutional neural networks. Its input was a vector composed of multiple plan metrics that were used in our institution for GK plan evaluation. The network can determine which tuning action to take based on the observed quality of the intermediate plan. We trained the network using an end‐to‐end DRL framework to approximate the optimal action‐value function. A scoring function was designed to measure the plan quality to calculate the received reward of a tuning action.ResultsVestibular schwannoma was chosen as the test bed in this study. The number of training, validation and testing cases were 5, 5, and 16, respectively. For these three datasets, the average scores of the initial plans obtained with the same initial priority set were 3.63 ± 1.34, 3.83 ± 0.86 and 4.20 ± 0.78, respectively, while they were improved to 5.28 ± 0.23, 4.97 ± 0.44 and 5.22 ± 0.26 through manual priority tuning by human expert planners. Our network achieved competitive results with 5.42 ± 0.11, 5.10 ± 0. 42, 5.28 ± 0.20, respectively.ConclusionsOur network can generate GK plans of comparable or slightly higher quality than the plans generated by human planners via manual priority tuning for vestibular schwannoma cases. The network can potentially be incorporated into the clinical workflow as planning assistance to improve GK planning efficiency and help to reduce plan quality variation caused by interplanner variability. We also hope that our method can reduce the workload of GK planners and allow them to spend more time on more challenging cases.
Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of an Eyring Powell fluid over an exponentially stretching surface with convective boundary condition
Authors: Yusuf Tunde A. , Ashraf Muhaammad Bilal , Mabood Fazle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present model concentrates on three‐dimensional steady incompressible flow of an Eyring‐Powell nanofluid past an exponentially stretching sheet with magnetic field. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux with convective boundary condition is accounted for. Shooting method is the instrumental for obtaining numerical solution of the transformed‐converted system of the mathematical models. Behavior of the determining thermo‐physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction, heat transfer rate, and finally isotherms are considered. The major relevant outcomes of the current investigation are that increment in Eyring‐Powell parameter uplifts flow velocity, while that peters out the fluid temperature. Enhanced values of the mixed convection parameter weakened the skin friction coefficient while it slightly strengthened the rate of heat transfer.
Systematic Study on the Cytotoxic Potency of Commonly Used Dimeric Metal Precursors in Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Geisler Heiko , Harringer Sophia , Wenisch Dominik , Urban Richard , Jakupec Michael A. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cytotoxicities of seven dimeric metal species of the general formula [M(arene)Cl2]2, commonly used as precursors for complex synthesis and deemed biologically inactive, are investigated in seven commonly employed human cancer cell lines. Four of these complexes featured a ruthenium(II) core, where p‐cymene, toluene, benzene and indane were used as arenes. Furthermore, the osmium(II) p‐cymene dimer, as well as the Cp* dimers of rhodium(III) and its heavier analogue iridium(III) were included in this work (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienide). While the cytotoxic potencies of the ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) dimers are very low (or not even detectable at applicable concentrations), surprising activity, especially in cells from ovarian malignancies (with one or two‐digit micromolar IC50 values), have been found for the rhodium(III) and iridium(III) representatives. This publication is aimed at all researchers using synthetic procedures based on functionalization of these dimeric starting materials to rationalize changes in biological properties, especially cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
Hybrid nanocomposite packaging films from cellulose nanocrystals, zinc sulfide quantum dots reinforced polylactic acid with fluorescent and antibacterial properties
Authors: Shojaeiarani Jamileh , Shirzadifar Alimohammad , Shine Caleb , Reisi Amir Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, nanocomposite thin films from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), zinc sulfide (ZnS) quantum dots, and polylactic acid (PLA) with fluorescent and antibacterial properties were constructed via a simple, and fast route. ZnS nanoparticles were added to CNC following the hydrothermal process. The film casting method was used to form thin nanocomposite films. The transmission electron microscope analysis revealed the uniform dispersion and ZnS nanoparticles through CNC suspension and FTIR results confirmed the interaction between –OH group on CNC and ZnS nanoparticles. A noticeable emission peak at 475 nm for CNC‐ZnS signifies the suitability of CNC‐ZnS for the assembly of ZnS QDs. The addition of ZnS‐coated CNC into PLA film resulted in a bright blue fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. The incorporation of 5 wt% CNCs loaded with ZnS quantum dots into PLA notably decreased bacterial growth in Escherichia coli and Salmonella, respectively. Data obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis underlined that the presence of 1 wt% ZnS‐coated CNC in PLA increased the storage modulus of nanocomposite films by 25%. The CNCs loaded with ZnS quantum dots showed effective fluorescent and antimicrobial properties to be used as food packaging material.