bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on ink blot evaluation of aged paper before and after restoration
Authors: Wang Qinwen , Xu Zhi , Fan Huiming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the changes in the ink on paper subject to accelerated degradation before and after restoration treatment, an evaluation index describing changes to ink on paper documents before and after deacidification and enhancement by combining subjective and objective evaluations was established to improve the evaluation of the effect of deacidification and enhancement agent on the restoration of paper from the perspective of the ink thereon. According to the test indicators, test and control standard boards were designed and the paper for accelerated degradation was produced. In the experiment, 0.4 mol/L sodium carbonate solution, 6wt% styrene butadiene latex (SBR latex), sodium silicate, and polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) compound solution was applied to the accelerated degradation paper samples, respectively. After treatment, the quality indices such as color density, color difference, handwriting contrast and handwriting line width were measured. And observers were organized to make subjective evaluation on the accelerated degradation samples before and after the treatment. The results showed that the color density of magenta ink sample decreased by 10.61 % and the edges were blurred. The contrast and line width of handwriting after the treatment were decreased slightly. After treatment with 6 wt% SBR latex, the ink density of black increased the most (by 31.62 %) with no clear change in the handwriting contrast and line width. When using sodium silicate and PAE compound solution, the comprehensive effect on the text was much better. The results of subjective evaluation were consistent with the changes of objective indices.
General Clauses that Define the Scope of Contractual Freedom in Concluded Settlements in Disputes Between the Employee and the Employer
Authors: Baran Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to present the issue of general clauses that define the scope of contractual freedom in settlements which have been concluded in disputes between the employee and the employer. The aspect of mutual concessions is also discussed. The violation of the problem of justified interest is considered. The paper shows that general clauses are not mutually exclusive, but usually overlap in a settlement. Therefore, a given settlement may violate various general clauses. The vagueness of their conceptual scopes sometimes generates significant practical problems worth to be observed.
General Clauses in the Act on So-Called Collective Redundancies
Authors: Sierocka Iwona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work is focused on aspects of the general clauses used by the legislator in the Act on Collective Redundancies of 2003, i.e. reasons not attributable to an employee and their exclusivity. The first clause covers all cases of termination of an employment relationship that are caused by circumstances affecting the employer or independent of the parties to the employment relationship. On the other hand, “exclusivity” of the reasons not attributable to an employee is confirmed if circumstances not attributable to the employee and the way of performing employment relationship duties thereby constitute the original cause of a definite termination or a notice of change. Analysing the scope of application of the said indeterminate phrases, the author also refers to the principles of community life.
O acesso à educação por mulheres presas: a educação nas prisões em perspectivas de gênero
Authors: Da Silva Cardoso Fernando , Bomfim Alanna 
Published: February 2022

A presente pesquisa tem a finalidade de problematizar como o direito à educação é garantido quando se trata da realidade de mulheres presas. Sob um olhar e perspectiva de gênero, o cenário jurídico e educativo que resguardam tal direito é lido a partir de um recorte gendrificado como forma de discutir as lacunas que prejudicam a garantia do direito à educação ao referido público. De cunho qualitativo, e instrumentalizado a partir de uma revisão de literatura, o estudo evidencia algumas das questões de gênero que estão imbrincadas com o acesso à educação por mulheres presas, assim como as condições sociais que as envolvem e quanto à oferta da educação no cárcere. Os achados apontam para as disparidades que envolvem a realidade vivida no cárcere, à falta de profissionais na área de ensino, aos aspectos relacionados à arquitetura, às vagas e ao desrespeito à singularidade de mulheres presas. Por fim, argumentamos que existe dada invisibilidade, perpetuada pelo Estado, no que diz respeito às questões educacionais no cárcere e à quebra com estereótipos de gênero que, em linhas gerais, dificultam a singular garantia do direito à educação para as mulheres presas.
The enhancement of the physicochemical and functional characterisation of egg white proteins using different enzymes during storage
Authors: Yüceer M. , Caner C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, the impacts of various enzymes (phospholipase-A2 (0.3% v/v), lipase (0.03% w/v), and protease (0.5% w/v)) on the physico-chemical and functional characteristics of the treated egg white protein (EWP) were determined. The pH, turbidity, colour (L*, a*, b*, and ∆E*), gas concentrations in the package, relative foaming capacity (RFC), and foaming stability were analysed during storage at 4 °C. The protease (1,000 ± 60.82) and lipase (790 ± 41.63) increased RFC values significantly (control: 616 ± 36.05) on the initial day. The enzymes significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the turbidity values from 0.46 ± 0.10 (control) to –0.30 ± 0.05 (lipase) and –0.35 ± 0.03 (protease), whereas it was increased by phospholipase-A2 (0.53 ± 0.06). This research points out the efficacy of the enzymes in improving functionality of EWP. In conclusion, treatment with protease enzyme provided the best RFC values at day 27. However, utilisation of protease led to decrease in L* and b* values.
Análisis de los “Bonos de agua” en Colombia desde el derecho financiero vigente
Authors: Melo Rubiano Edilberto , Medina Garrido Juliana 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo es un análisis jurídico realizado al caso conocido en los medios de comunica­ción como “Bonos de Agua” que consistió en un esquema de financiación usado para recaudar recursos entre el público y prestarles a 117 municipios durante un plazo inmodificable de 19 años y con una tasa de interés de UVR +11% E.A, con el fin de brindarle la posibilidad a cada uno de los municipios de cons­truir un sistema de acueducto y alcantarillado propio.
De esta manera del análisis se evidenciaron diversos problemas jurídicos, entre los cuales: i) falencias de supervisión de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC); ii) la no posibilidad del patri­monio autónomo de ejercer actividades de intermediación financiera, pues esta facultad solo es dable de forma exclusiva de los establecimientos de crédito, y iii) vicios de ilicitud en el objeto y en la causa del negocio jurídico y desconocimiento de los límites de la autonomía de la voluntad.
De esta manera, se logró observar que el negocio jurídico de la emisión de los “Bonos de Agua” presentó desde su configuración serios vicios que violando normas imperativas del orden colombiano generaban nulidad y por tanto imposibilidad de ejecución del patrimonio autónomo, además de otras consecuencias que en adelante se explican.
Results of Using Formaldehyde in a Large North Slope Water Treatment System
Authors: McLelland W.G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In an effort to alleviate severe injection well plugging at Prudhoe Bay, formaldehyde treatment of the Flow Station 2 produced water was initiated in early 1991 and continued through mid 1995 when the program was terminated. Formaldehyde was selected because of its biocidal properties and cost. The results of these treatments are discussed in terms of the overall effect of formaldehyde on the system. Other events that impacted produced water quality at the facility, and subsequently the results of the formaldehyde program, are also discussed.

Introduction
The Prudhoe Bay Field is jointly operated by Arco Alaska, Inc. and British Petroleum Exploration on behalf of the Prudhoe Bay co-owners. ARCO is operator of the EOA (eastern operating area) which consists of three oil, water, and gas separation facilities termed Flow Stations. The Flow Station 2 facility handles fluids and gas produced from the eastern most area of the field and production is waterflood dominated.
The source water for the Prudhoe Bay waterflood was initially seawater. However, as breakthrough occurred, produced water was re injected as part of the flood with a corresponding decrease in seawater.
In 1990, additional produced water handling equipment was added at Flow Station 2 in order to treat the expected 700 KBWD peak water production anticipated before the end of flood life. The new treating equipment is set up to allow the separated produced water from the slug catchers and chem-electric treaters to gravity feed into an 18 Kbbl cone bottom tank (81 tank) with sand jet capabilities. The produced water stream exiting this tank is then split and the fluid enters two 12 Kbbl tanks (82 & 83 tanks) designed for free oil removal by gravity segregation. From these tanks, the fluid stream is recombined and fed into a header. The header feeds the produced water stream into four rotor type dispersed gas flotation cells (GFCs). The water from the flotation cells is directed through a series of pumps and ultimately to the produced water distribution piping for re-injection into the formation as part of the waterflood.
Concurrent with the startup of the new treating facilities, there appeared a sharp increase in the volume and severity of a black amorphous solid material in the produced water system and reports of "black water" caused by iron sulfide. This material collected in the facility and in the injection wellbores creating numerous problems with severe oil carryover, level controllers, pump strainers and seals, and routine well work. The buildup in the wellbores became so severe that it was virtually impossible to run any type of tool into an injection well without first cleaning out the wellbore.
Acute kidney failure and acute pancreatitis was caused after neoadjuvant therapy for a patient with Breast Cancer：a case report
Authors: Liang Shuo , Ni Ting , Yao Chang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse reaction of platinum drugs in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. Approximately 30% of patients receiving cisplatin have acute kidney injury. Carboplatin have less nephrotoxic than cisplatin as the second generation platinum compound. There were AKI, nausea and vomiting, acute pancreatitis and oral ulcers occurred in a women who had intravenous carboplatin in our department.Case presentation: A 63 year-old Chinese female had neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TCbHP because of diagnosed with stage III breast invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. Fourth day after chemotherapy, she had fatigue and nausea and then suffered from AKI, acute pancreatitis and mouth ulcers. After active treatment in the ICU and breast disease department, the patient's condition improved and was discharged.Conclusion: Although carboplatin, as a second-generation platinum drug, has less nephrotoxicity than cisplatin, it still needs special attention to avoid damage to the kidneys in clinical citation. At the same time, due to the killing effect of chemotherapeutics on the body's normal immune cells, other abnormal conditions in the body should be paid special attention to avoid more serious consequences.
Risk of head injury in football due to heading duels − A video analysis of 11.514 headings in elite football
Authors: Weber Johannes , Ernstberger Andreas , Reinsberger Claus , Popp Daniel , Nerlich Michael , Alt Volker , Krutsch Werner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Heading is an integral part of football and frequent media reports and previous studies about potential danger of heading and head trauma in football fuelled discussions. Epidemiological data and video analyses regarding the frequency of headings and associated head injuries are still missing in adult elite football. Methods: In a prospective cohort study in the fourth German football league, 100 official matches of the 2015-2016 season were assessed by means of video analysis and a standardized protocol. Head injuries were documented and confirmed by standardised epidemiological injury reports of the teams. Results: Overall, 11,514 headings were analysed in detail. Video analysis yielded a mean of 5.7 headings per player and match (SD: 1.2; min: 0; max: 15). Heading was predominantly performed with the frontal part of the head (76.8%), and nearly two thirds of all headings occurred during defending (65.8%). 71.0% of all headings occured during tacklings, of which 71.9% involved body contact with the opponent player. Video analysis yielded 31 critical incidents (CI) on the head due to heading (incidence: 1.02 per 1000 h match exposure and player). 29 CIs occurred during heading duels (Odds ratio: 5.91), 30 CIs with body contact (odds ratio: 28.8) and 6 CIs with elbow contact (odds ratio: 6.13). Conclusion: Heading duels, especially with body contact and high elbow, are important risk factors for head injuries and key factor for prevention strategies. The impact of 5.7 headings per match on players` brain should be investigated in further research.
Spectral control of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator
Authors: Zhu Di , Chen Changchen , Yu Mengjie , Shao Linbo , Hu Yaowen , Xin C. J. , Yeh Matthew , Ghosh Soumya , He Lingyan , Reimer Christian , Sinclair Neil , Wong Franco , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (± 641 GHz or ± 5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
Comparison of low concentration atropine eye drops with different concentrations and administration frequencies in controlling the progression of myopia in children
Authors: Li ShuMao , Zhang HongBo , Yang PeiHua , Li YaHong , Zhang WeiXiao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side effects of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day and 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day in controlling the progression of myopia in children.Method231 children with myopic ametropia treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial eye hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 were included. They were randomly divided into 110 cases in the 0.02% atropine group and 121 cases in the 0.01% atropine group. The 0.02% atropine group was treated with 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day before going to bed, and the 0.01% atropine group was treated with 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day before going to bed for 1 year. 92 cases in the 0.02% atropine group and 101 cases in the 0.01% atropine group were followed up for 1 year. The right SER,AL, AMP, PD, anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature were measured before and 12 months after treatment. The changes of each parameter 1 year after treatment and the adverse reactions after treatment were observed.ResultOne year after treatment, there was no significant difference in the changes of SER, Al, AMP and PD between 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group (all P>0.05). Photophobia occurred in 19.1% (21/110) and 20.7% (25/121) eyes in 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group within 1 month after treatment. Photophobia symptoms disappeared in 12 cases and 13 cases respectively within 1 ~ 6 months. Photophobia symptoms of other subjects gradually relieved but did not disappear. Within one month after treatment, 4.5% (5 / 110) and 5.0% (6 / 121) of the affected eyes in the two groups showed mild near blurred vision, which gradually relieved and disappeared after 2~4 weeks.ConclusionThe effect of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day was consistent with that of 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day, and 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day did not increase the degree and incidence of adverse reactions.
Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in a patient with Good’s syndrome.
Authors: Grammatikos Alexandros , Bright Philip , Pearson Justin , Likeman Marcus , Gompels Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Enteroviruses are a diverse selection of viruses which include polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses and others. Severe or persistent enteroviral infection is well-documented in patients with antibody deficiency, mostly in those with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or following anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy[1]. Here we report the first case of enteroviral meningoencephalitis in a patient with Good’s syndrome and discuss the possible aetiopathogenic mechanisms involved.
Effectiveness of an Oral Elemental Diet for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Himei Hitomi , Harada Ryo , Kato Hironari , Sato Ryosuke , Koike Ayako , Makita Takashi , Ueda Kumiko , Mori Hideki , Horiguchi Shigeru , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) causes nutritional deterioration and weight loss due to a decrease in digestive and absorption capacity associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of an elemental diet (ED).Methods: We conducted a two-centers, prospective consecutive observational study to assess the outcomes of patients with unresectable PC who underwent first-line chemotherapy. We enrolled patients receiving chemotherapy for unresectable PC from January 2017 to December 2019 and prescribed an oral ED (ED group). From December 2014 to December 2016, 43 patients before the introduction of ED therapy in our institutions were retrospectively studied as a historical cohort. Data on the nutritional markers at baseline and 3 months were extracted, and serial changes were compared between the 2 groups.Results: A comparison of the background of the two groups revealed that the clinical stage was significantly worse and serum CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in the ED group. The serial changes at 3 months in body mass index, serum CEA, and serum CA19-9 were not statistically significant. The serum albumin level tended to show a much greater decrease in the historical cohort (P=0.15). Furthermore, the serum total protein level and prognostic nutrition index were significantly decreased in the historical cohort (P=0.02, <0.005, respectively). Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that ED tended to improve the nutritional status during chemotherapy for unresectable PC.Trial registration number and date of registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR: 000025967), February 2, 2017.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Small-Scale Gold Processing in Baguio Mining District, Philippines
Authors: Banta Jyra Rancel , Lu Marcelino Jr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Small-scale mining in the Philippines lacks research and technologies for the application of an inexpensive and environmentally sound treatment of its wastewaters. Hence, laboratory-scale fixed-bed column tests were carried out to test and evaluate the sorbent adsorption performance of the Philippine Natural Bentonite (PNB) and the Philippine Natural Zeolite (PNZ) against the heavy metals present in the ball mill facilities within the Baguio Mining District. Results showed that removal percentages of PNB and PNZ in terms of lead (Pb) concentrations are 50.43% and 26.90%, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic uptake capacity and maximum adsorption capacity values of PNB showed greater values than PNZ and the sorption models, Bohart-Adams, Wolborska, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models, which displayed a good fit for the breakthrough curves. Furthermore, the effect of varied flow rate and bed height manifested that an increase in flow rate yields a lesser saturation time while the rise in bed height increases uptake capacity, saturation time, and removal percentage of the system. Regarding the cost-efficiencies of the sorbents, the study revealed that PNB is more cost-efficient than PNZ since only 1.13 Philippine pesos of PNB is required to remove a gram of Pb compared to PNZ, which cost 3.30 pesos. Therefore, this research concluded that PNB could be a better sorbent of Pb in terms of removal percentage and cost-efficiency. The study recommends more regeneration studies for the reusability of the sorbents after exhaustion and hopes that this research will be a springboard for further environmental studies.
Association of allergic disease with subsequent risk of liver cancer: A nation-wide cohort study
Authors: Kim Ji Ah , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Jeong Seogsong , Ahn Joseph C. , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background : Studies have proposed an inverse association between allergic diseases and cancer risk, but few studies to date have specifically investigated the risk of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) in patients with or without allergic diseases. Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between allergic diseases and risk of developing liver cancer.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was performed to study 405,512 South Korean adults ages 40 and above who underwent routine health screening after January 1st, 2005. All participants were followed for liver cancer diagnosis or death until December 31st, 2013. Those who died before the index date, had pre-diagnosed cancer, or did not undergo health screening were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the adjusted hazard ratios(aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of developing liver cancer according presence or absence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis.Results: The aHR (95% CI) for overall liver cancer among allergic patients was 0.72 (0.64-0.81). Allergic patients had significantly reduced risk of HCC (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.81) but not ICC (aHR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.71-1.08). Presence of allergic diseases was associated with significantly lower risk of liver cancer in both patients with (aHR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.8) or without (aHR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85) chronic Hepatitis B/C infections. Presence of allergic diseases was associated with significantly lower risk of liver cancer in patients without cirrhosis (aHR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.63-0.82), but not in those with cirrhosis (aHR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.68-1.41). Patients with multiple allergies had even lower risk of liver cancer compared to patients with single allergy. Conclusion: Patients with allergic diseases have significantly lower risk of developing liver cancer compared to those without allergic diseases, which supports the rationale for immunotherapy as an effective treatment of liver cancer.