bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Nyika Plateau, Malawi: A Long Lived Paleo‐Surface or a Contemporary Feature of the East African Rift?
Authors: McMillan M. F. , Boone S. C. , Kohn B. P. , Gleadow A. J. , Chindandali P. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNorthern Malawi's Nyika Plateau is a 3,700 km2 large, highly elevated (∼2,500 m) plateau located at the western margin of the Miocene‐Recent Malawi rift and the confluence of multiple Proterozoic orogenic belts. Neighboring asthenospheric upwelling in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, associated with the active East African Rift, has created similar topographic highs, leading some to speculate that the formation of Nyika could be related. Here, we present new low‐temperature data using apatite fission track, apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronology to constrain the upper crustal thermal history of the Nyika region since the Devonian. The data suggest that Nyika was an isolated feature since at least the Permo‐Triassic, well before more recent rifting in Malawi, and may have developed as a horst between two large Karoo grabens, the Henga‐Ruhuhu and the North Rukuru to the southeast and northwest, respectively. Similarities between the thermal histories of Nyika and the currently separated Livingstone Plateau to the east allow for the possibility that these may have been connected in a contiguous highland prior to the formation of the intervening Neogene Malawi rift. Thermal history models for exposed Precambrian basement samples adjacent to Nyika, and once buried beneath the neighboring Karoo basins, indicate that up to 3.4 km of Permo‐Triassic section has since been eroded, with samples along the plateau not indicating burial of Karoo‐type sediment at this time. Most recent cooling histories suggest that the plateau surface continued to denude at varying degrees from the Cretaceous and reached near‐surface temperatures in the Late Paleogene‐Neogene.
Quantifying the Contribution of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies to Low Oxygen Extreme Events
Authors: Atkins Jamie , Andrews Oliver , Frenger Ivy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOcean mesoscale eddies have been identified as drivers of localized extremely low dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) conditions in the subsurface. We employ a global physical‐biogeochemical ocean model at eddy‐permitting resolution to conduct a census of open‐ocean eddies near Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems adjacent to tropical Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs). We track cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies with a surface signature over the period 1992–2018 and isolate their subsurface oxygen characteristics. We identify strongly deoxygenating eddies and quantify their contribution to low [O2] extreme events. Our results show that model simulated low [O2] extreme event frequency is 2–7 times higher in eddies versus non‐eddying locations, with regionally more than half of low [O2] extreme events outside of the permanent OMZs being associated with eddies. Our study highlights the need for further work to investigate the drivers, characteristics and potential ecosystem impacts of low [O2] extreme events.
A Simple Conceptual Model for the Self‐Sustained Multidecadal AMOC Variability
Authors: Wei X. , Zhang R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultidecadal variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been reconstructed by various proxies, simulated in climate models, and linked to multidecadal Arctic salinity variability. Here we construct a simple conceptual model to understand the two‐way interactions of the Arctic with multidecadal AMOC variability through a delayed oscillator mechanism. We revise Stommel's Two‐Box Model by including an advective time delay for the Arctic density/salinity anomalies to reach the subpolar North Atlantic and a coupled negative feedback between the AMOC and the freshwater flux entering the Arctic through atmosphere and/or sea ice responses. Self‐sustained multidecadal AMOC oscillations exist in the revised Stommel's Two‐Box model if the oceanic advective time delay is longer than the oscillation threshold, and the periods of the AMOC delayed oscillator depend crucially on this advective time delay. The coupled freshwater feedback provides additional delayed negative feedback and reduces the advective time delay threshold required for the oscillations.
Filament stretching during micro-extrusion of silver pastes enables an improved fine-line silicon solar cell metallization
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Much Maximilian , Bujnoch Elisabeth , Spahn Stefan , Tepner Sebastian , Clement Florian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe metallization of heterojunction solar cells requires a further reduction of silver consumption to lower production costs and save resources. This article presents how filament stretching of polymer-based low-temperature curing Ag pastes during micro-extrusion enables this reduction while at the same time offering a high production throughput potential. In a series of experiments the relationship between the printing velocity and the filament stretching, thus the reduction of Ag-electrode widths and Ag laydown is evaluated. Furthermore, an existing filament stretching model for the parallel dispensing process is advanced further and utilized to calculate the elongational viscosity. The stretching effect enables a reduction of the Ag-electrode width by down to Δwf = − 40%rel. depending on the nozzle diameter and paste type. The Ag laydown has been reduced from mAg,cal. = 0.84 mg per printed line to only mAg,cal. = 0.54 mg per printed Ag-electrode when 30 µm nozzle openings are used, demonstrating the promising potential of parallel dispensing technology for the metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells.
Wafer map defect patterns classification based on a lightweight network and data augmentation
Authors: Yu Naigong , Chen Huaisheng , Xu Qiao , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Sie Ouattara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurately identifying defect patterns in wafer maps can help engineers find abnormal failure factors in production lines. During the wafer testing stage, deep learning methods are widely used in wafer defect detection due to their powerful feature extraction capabilities. However, most of the current wafer defect patterns classification models have high complexity and slow detection speed, which are difficult to apply in the actual wafer production process. In addition, there is a data imbalance in the wafer dataset that seriously affects the training results of the model. To reduce the complexity of the deep model without affecting the wafer feature expression, this paper adjusts the structure of the dense block in the PeleeNet network and proposes a lightweight network WM‐PeleeNet based on the PeleeNet module. In addition, to reduce the impact of data imbalance on model training, this paper proposes a wafer data augmentation method based on a convolutional autoencoder by adding random Gaussian noise to the hidden layer. The method proposed in this paper has an average accuracy of 95.4% on the WM‐811K wafer dataset with only 173.643 KB of the parameters and 316.194 M of FLOPs, and takes only 22.99 s to detect 1000 wafer pictures. Compared with the original PeleeNet network without optimization, the number of parameters and FLOPs are reduced by 92.68% and 58.85%, respectively. Data augmentation on the minority class wafer map improves the average classification accuracy by 1.8% on the WM‐811K dataset. At the same time, the recognition accuracy of minority classes such as Scratch pattern and Donut pattern are significantly improved.
Fast robust fuzzy clustering based on bipartite graph for hyper‐spectral image classification
Authors: Liu Han , Wu Chengmao , Li Changxing , Zuo Yanqun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHyper‐spectral image (HSI) clustering has become a hot spot in remote sensing image research. However, due to the large amount and high dimension of HSI data, some traditional image clustering methods are no longer suitable, and even lead to poor clustering performance and long computing time. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel clustering method for HSI to make up for the shortcomings of traditional clustering methods. Firstly, a fuzzy similarity matrix is constructed by using the bipartite graph to obtain low‐dimensional hyper‐spectral data, which can reduce the complexity and the operation time of the algorithm. Secondly, fuzzy membership mapping is carried out through the constructed bipartite graph, and a non‐negative regularization term is added to limit ill‐conditioned problems. Thirdly, this paper uses the Geman‐McClure function to optimize Euclidean distance. Finally, in this paper, the spectral information of HSI is considered while the neighbourhood information of HSI is added to achieve the unity of space spectrum, which enhances the robustness of the algorithm and improves the clustering performance of the algorithm. Compared with existing HSI clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm has higher clustering accuracy and efficiency.
Berberine Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inactivating the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Park Gil-Sun , Park Bokyung , Lee Mi-Young 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe incidence of skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades, and melanoma is considered highly malignant because of its high rate of metastasis. Plant-derived berberine, an
isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid, has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological effects against various types of cancer cells. Therefore, we treated melanoma B16F10 cells with
berberine to induce cell death and understand the cell death mechanisms. The berberine-treated cells showed decreased cell viability, according to berberine concentration. However, western
blot analysis of apoptosis-related marker proteins showed that the expression of Bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitory protein, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were increased. Therefore, by adding
3-methyladenine to the berberine-treated cells, we investigated whether the reduced cell viability was due to autophagic cell death. The results showed that 3-methyladenine restored the cell
viability decreased by berberine, suggesting autophagy. To clarify autophagic cell death, we performed transmission electron microscopy analysis, which revealed the presence of
autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the cells after treatment with berberine. Next, by analyzing the expression of autophagy-related proteins, we found an increase in the levels of light
chain 3A-II and Atg12-Atg5 complex in the berberine-treated cells. We then assessed the involvement of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and found that berberine inhibited the expression of
phosphorylated Akt and mTOR. Our data demonstrated that berberine induces autophagic cell death by inactivating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in melanoma cells and that berberine can be
used as a possible target for the development of anti-melanoma drugs.
Klinische Outcomes der Akutrehabilitation – eine
Kohortenstudie von 1.018 Fällen der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation im Akutkrankenhaus
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Elmer Nancy , Schuester Leon , Schwedtke Christine , Brehm Katharina , Reißhauer Anett 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die fachübergreifende Frührehabilitation (FR)
im Akutkrankenhaus (Akutrehabilitation) ist der frühestmögliche
Einsatz der Rehabilitation im akutmedizinischen Verlauf, wobei sie
indikationsübergreifend und primär im nicht-geriatrischen,
nicht-neurologischen Indikationsspektrum angewendet wird. Sie schließt
die Rehabilitationslücke zwischen akutmedizinischer Versorgung und
Rehabilitationsklinik. In dieser Studie soll die Verbesserung der klinischen
Outcomes Mobilität und Selbsthilfefähigkeit in der FR an einer
großen Stichprobe gezeigt werden.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Analyse von n=1.018
Fällen, die zwischen 2011 und 2020 auf einer spezialisierten Station
für FR behandelt wurden. Primäre klinische Outcome-Parameter
waren die Mobilität (gemessen mit dem Charité Mobility Index
CHARMI) und die Selbsthilfefähigkeit (Barthel-Index) sowie die
Entlass-Umgebung der Patient:innen.
Ergebnisse Im Verlauf der FR verbesserten sich die Mobilität
(p<0,001; r=0,6) und die ADL-Kompetenz (p<0,001;
r=0,6) hoch signifikant und mit großer Effektstärke. Ein
Großteil der Patient:innen konnte nach Hause (45%) oder in eine
Anschlussrehabilitation (42%) entlassen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Aufgabe der Frührehabilitation in der
Rehabilitationskette besteht darin, die Rehabilitationsfähigkeit im
Sinne einer weiterführenden Rehabilitation herzustellen. Die Analyse
zeigt, dass die FR dieser Aufgabe indikationsübergreifend gerecht wird.
Es wurde gezeigt, dass eine Stichprobe von Patient:innen mit komplexem
Versorgungsbedarf in der Akutrehabilitation hinsichtlich der Mobilität
und ADL-Fähigkeit große Funktionsgewinne erzielt.
COVID-19 Infections in Gonads: Consequences on
Fertility?
Authors: Bechmann Nicole , Maccio Umberto , Kotb Reham , Dweik Rania Al , Cherfane Michele , Moch Holger , Bornstein Stefan R. , Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 may influence human fertility and sexuality in several ways. Different
cell types in gonads show a constitutive expression of angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), which
provide potential entry pathways for SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the biological
effects of a COVID-19 infection on the gonads, the impact of the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic on mental health issues and sexual behavior may affect
reproduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the influence of
COVID-19 on the gonads and discusses possible consequences on human fertility.
In this context, the close interaction between the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
in response to COVID-19-related stress is discussed. Some women noticed changes
in their menstrual cycle during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could be due to
psychological stress, for example. In addition, occasional cases of reduced
oocyte quality and ovarian function are described after COVID-19 infection. In
men, COVID-19 may cause a short-term decrease in fertility by damaging
testicular tissue and/or impairing spermatogenesis. Moreover, decreased
ratio testosterone/LH and FSH/LH in COVID-19 compared to
aged-matched healthy men has been reported. Available data do not suggest any
effect of the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on fertility. The effects of long
COVID on human fertility have been reported and include cases with premature
ovarian failure and oligomenorrhoea in women and erectile dysfunction in men.
Despite the increasing knowledge about the effects of COVID-19 infections on
human gonads and fertility, the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
cannot yet be assessed in this context.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 2′,3′-β-C-Disubstituted Nucleoside Analogue ProTides to Test a Conformational Model of Potency Against Hepatitis C
Authors: Liotta Dennis C. , Dentmon Zackery W. , Butch Christopher J. , Gold Hannah B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn analysis of nucleoside active metabolite potencies against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) versus their parent ground-state energetic conformational bias as calculated by density functional theory suggested that nucleotides with a small difference between their antipodal energies are more likely to have potent antiviral activity compared to those with larger energetic differences. This energetic conformational bias was thought to be manipulated with substitutions along the ­ribofuranose ring. From 2′-C-methyluridine, a representative nucleoside with fair anti-HCV activity, two C3′ modifications in particular (ethyne and methyl) showed contrasting antipodal biases relative to each other while originating from a common synthetic intermediate, allowing a test of reasonable extremes of the computational model with a divergent nine-step synthesis. Antiviral activity of the compounds contradicted that suggested by the model, indicating a need for further refinement with additional biostructural considerations.
Anal Botulinum Toxin in Children with Hirschsprung Disease and Functional Constipation: A Prospective Cohort study
Authors: Baaleman Desiree F. , Hallagan Alexandra , Halleran Devin R. , Orsagh-Yentis Danielle K. , Levitt Marc A. , Wood Richard J. , Benninga Marc A. , Bali Neetu , Vaz Karla H. , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injections (BTIs) are used in the treatment of children with severe defecation disorders, including Hirschsprung disease (HD) and functional constipation (FC). Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of BTI in these children.
Materials and Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of children undergoing BTI from July 2018 to December 2018. We recorded perceived effect of the BTI, including effectiveness ranging from 0 (not at all effective) to 4 (extremely effective). In addition, we recorded symptoms and the Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS). Data were collected at baseline and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 4 months post-injection.
Results Forty-two children (HD = 25, FC = 17) were included in the study (median age 4.3 years, IQR 2.4–7.2, 52% male). Twenty-two (88%) children with HD and eight (47%) children with FC had previously undergone a BTI. BTIs were perceived effective in 16 (76%) and 12 (71%) children with HD and eight (47%) and seven (47%) children with FC at 2-week and 2-month follow-up, respectively. Effectiveness was not rated differently between groups except at the 2-month follow-up, when patients with HD rated the BTI more effective compared to those with FC (median 2 [HD] vs. median 1 [FC], p = 0.022). Over the course of the study, 17/39 (44%) children reported self-limiting adverse effects such as fecal incontinence and pain at the injection site.
Conclusion Anal sphincter BTIs can be effective in the treatment of constipation in both HD and FC patients.
Development of a load frame for neutron diffraction and fluorescent thermometry at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Yang Jinbo , Li Jian , Liu Wei , Li Yihao , Huang Yalin , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: July 2022

Over the years, rapidly rising interest in the mechanical properties of various materials at low temperatures has been simulated because of the growing cryogenic applications in modern engineering fields of space technology, environmental engineering, and superconductivity engineering. Realizing in situ measurement of the internal strain and the full-field strain and the temperature distribution of related materials in a cryogenic loading environment is a significant requirement for safety assessment and related research of some new large science facility projects. Here, we present a novel cryogenic load frame, which is suitable for neutron scattering measurements of internal stress at the temperature range of 6–300 K. The loading capacity is 2500 N, and the slowest loading speed is 0.001 mm/s. By replacing the vacuum chamber sealing plate with a K9 glass window, the in situ digital image correlation strain measurement can be realized. Furthermore, fluorescence thermometry has also been investigated during a heating and cooling process without deformation. Using the present design, some typical results of the 316LN stainless steel and the YBCO tape at low temperatures were introduced.
Homogeneous ice nucleation rates for mW and TIP4P/ICE models through Lattice Mold calculations
Authors: Sanchez-Burgos Ignacio , Tejedor Andres R. , Vega Carlos , Conde Maria M. , Sanz Eduardo , Ramirez Jorge , Espinosa Jorge R. 
Published: July 2022

Freezing of water is the most common liquid-to-crystal phase transition on Earth; however, despite its critical implications on climate change and cryopreservation among other disciplines, its characterization through experimental and computational techniques remains elusive. In this work, we make use of computer simulations to measure the nucleation rate (J) of water at normal pressure under different supercooling conditions, ranging from 215 to 240 K. We employ two different water models: mW, a coarse-grained potential for water, and TIP4P/ICE, an atomistic nonpolarizable water model that provides one of the most accurate representations of the different ice phases. To evaluate J, we apply the Lattice Mold technique, a computational method based on the use of molds to induce the nucleus formation from the metastable liquid under conditions at which observing spontaneous nucleation would be unfeasible. With this method, we obtain estimates of the nucleation rate for ice Ih and Ic and a stacking mixture of ice Ih/Ic, reaching consensus with most of the previously reported rates, although differing with some others. Furthermore, we confirm that the predicted nucleation rates obtained by the TIP4P/ICE model are in better agreement with experimental data than those obtained through the mW potential. Taken together, our study provides a reliable methodology to measure nucleation rates in a simple and computationally efficient manner that contributes to benchmarking the freezing behavior of two popular water models.
A Russian lesson for the twenty-first century
Authors: Sydorenko Sergiy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2019, Yuval Harari, an Israeli historian and bestselling author, appeared in the center of a media debate
provoked by the discovery of considerable differences between the English text of his 21 Lessons for the 21st
Century and its Russian translation. A comparative study of the English and Russian texts of the book featured in
this paper revealed five major issues which turned out to be sensitive for the Russian censorship, namely, homosexuality,
liberalism, U.S.S.R.–U.S. “tug-of-war,” Putin and Putin’s Russia, and Putin’s aggression against Ukraine and Georgia. It is in the
presentation of these topics that Yuval Harari’s English text suffered essential transformation and reduction in the Russian
edition. The conducted analysis contributes to the long-lived debate about the author’s and the translator’s responsibility before
their readers, and the boundaries, beyond which mutilation of the source text no longer allows regarding the resulting text as a
translation. The author argues that the escalating information wars targeted at people’s minds in the twenty-first century impose
ever-increasing requirements to authors and translators of such books as Yuval Harari’s 21 Lessons for the 21st
Century in terms of intellectual integrity and professional ethics.