bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of total sleep deprivation on components of top‐down attentional control using a flexible attentional control task
Authors: Stenson Anthony R. , Whitney Paul , Hinson John M. , Hansen Devon A. , Lawrence‐Sidebottom Darian , Skeiky Lillian , Riedy Samantha M. , Kurinec Courtney A. , Van Dongen Hans P. A. 
Published: October 2022

SummarySleep deprivation consistently decreases vigilant attention, which can lead to difficulty in performing a variety of cognitive tasks. However, sleep‐deprived individuals may be able to compensate for degraded vigilant attention by means of top‐down attentional control. We employed a novel task to measure the degree to which individuals overcome impairments in vigilant attention by using top‐down attentional control, the Flexible Attentional Control Task (FACT). The FACT is a two‐choice task that has trials with valid, invalid, and neutral cues, along with an unexpected switch in the probability of cue validity about halfway in the task. The task provides indices that isolate performance components reflecting vigilant attention and top‐down attentional control. Twelve healthy young adults completed an in‐laboratory study. After a baseline day, the subjects underwent 39 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD), followed by a recovery day. The FACT was administered at 03:00, 11:00, and 19:00 during sleep deprivation (TSD condition) and at 11:00 and 19:00 after baseline sleep and at 11:00 after recovery sleep (rested condition). When rested, the subjects demonstrated both facilitation and interference effects on cued trials. While sleep deprived, the subjects showed vigilant attention deficits on neutral cue trials, and an impaired ability to reduce these deficits by using predictive contextual cues. Our results indicate that the FACT can dissociate vigilant attention from top‐down attentional control. Furthermore, they show that during sleep deprivation, contextual cues help individuals to compensate partially for impairments in vigilant attention, but the effectiveness of top‐down attentional control is diminished.
Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of an equine influenza outbreak in rescue donkeys
Authors: Ahearne Megan M. , Pentzke‐Lemus Ligia L. , Romano Ashley M. , Larsen Eileen D. , Watson Allison M. , O'Fallon Elsbeth A. , Landolt Gabriele A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine influenza virus is a common cause of respiratory disease in equids. Few reports describe clinical presentation and disease progression in donkeys.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe the clinical and diagnostic findings, outcome, and pathologic lesions associated with influenza pneumonia in donkeys.AnimalsThirteen unvaccinated donkeys ranging from 1 week to 12 years of age and sharing clinical signs and exposure history.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records from June to July 2020 at the Colorado State Veterinary Teaching Hospital and collaborating referring veterinary practices were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular testing, virus isolation, and partial genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the virus.ResultsSurvival in donkeys <1 year old was 16.6% (1/6) whereas survival in animals >1 year of age was 85.7% (6/7). Hemagglutinin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed a contemporary clade 1 Florida sublineage H3 virus as the causative agent.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical signs of equine influenza virus infection in donkeys are similar to those observed in horses. Prognosis for survival generally is good, but deaths have been observed especially in foals born to seronegative dams. This finding emphasizes the importance of prenatal vaccination protocols in all equids, including donkeys.
(Socio)linguistic indices of the codification of Nigerian English
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies in world Englishes research have examined the sociocultural and political factors that shape the development of varieties of English in non‐native contexts, there has been limited work on the range of codificatory instruments that engender the standardisation of these ‘new’ Englishes, especially in specific reference to Nigerian English (NE). Examining the extent of the codification of new Englishes is particularly critical in terms of their institutionalisation and eventual acceptance, both locally and internationally. In light of this, this article draws evidence from existing research and institutional efforts and policies to show where NE lies in the process of codification. The analysis indicates that, while there is an avalanche of evidence of (socio)linguistic indices showing that NE is being radically codified, the range of codificatory instruments (e.g., dictionaries, style manuals, grammars, pedagogies, language policies) remain limited.
The LeuO regulator and quiescence: About transcriptional roadblocks, multiple promoters, and crispr‐cas
Authors: Sánchez‐Popoca Diego , Serrano‐Fujarte Isela , Fernández‐Mora Marcos , Calva Edmundo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeuO is a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator in bacteria. It determines the regulation of numerous genes related to stress response and virulence. Thus, four exciting areas of research are discussed herein. One pertains the leuO gene, which in S. Typhi and in E. coli contains multiple forward promoters as well as reverse promoters, even though it is expressed at very low levels, that is, it is quiescent. Such multiplicity might allow for a greater plasticity in regulation, or even aid in maintaining the quiescence, in processes that appear to involve many nucleoid‐associated proteins in a second area of opportunity. A third one relates to the effector‐binding domain of the LeuO regulator, which is highly conserved in S. enterica and in E. coli and determines its activity as a regulator of transcription. A fourth area regards the role of the CRISPR‐Cas system in gene regulation in S. Typhi; a system that is regulated by LeuO.
No cell is an island: characterising the leaf epidermis usingepidermalmorph,a new R package
Authors: Brown Matilda J. M. , Jordan Gregory J. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe leaf epidermis is the interface between a plant and its environment. The epidermis is highly variable in morphology, with links to both phylogeny and environment, and this diversity is relevant to several fields, including physiology, functional traits, palaeobotany, taxonomy and developmental biology.Describing and measuring leaf epidermal traits remains challenging. Current approaches are either extremely labour‐intensive and not feasible for large studies or limited to measurements of individual cells.Here, we present a method to characterise individual cell size, shape (including the effect of neighbouring cells) and arrangement from light microscope images. We provide the first automated characterisation of cell arrangement (from traced images) as well as multiple new shape characteristics. We have implemented this method in an R package,epidermalmorph,and provide an example workflow using this package, which includes functions to evaluate trait reliability and optimal sampling effort for any given group of plants. We demonstrate that our new metrics of cell shape are independent of gross cell shape, unlike existing metrics.epidermalmorphprovides a broadly applicable method for quantifying epidermal traits that we hope can be used to disentangle the fundamental relationships between form and function in the leaf epidermis.
A rare complication: Right ventricular lead perforation abutting the left anterior descending artery through the left ventricle and the septum
Authors: Mililis Panagiotis , Saplaouras Athanasios , Konstantinidou Eleni , Papakonstantinou Konstantinos , Rorris Fillipos , Mpatsouli Athina , Dragasis Stylianos , Vlachos Konstantinos , Charitos Christos , Xydonas Sotirios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac perforation is an uncommon complication of transvenous pacemaker implantation typically occurring through the apex.Case summaryWe report a case of patient, in whom ventricular lead perforation was confirmed 6 days after implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker. The ventricular lead was perforating the ventricular septum, near the left anterior descending artery, exiting the left ventricle. The patient underwent cardiac surgery due to the lead perforation as also as aortic valve replacement due to concomitant severe aortic valve stenosis.DiscussionThe presented case report is a rare case of lead perforation through the LV and illustrates that lead perforation can still occur even after placement of the RV lead in septal position and even through the thick ventricular wall.
Direct seeding versus seedling planting: survival, biomass, growth, and cost up to 6 years for four tropical seasonal tree species
Authors: Ferreira Maxmiller Cardoso , de Oliveira Cordeiro Alba Orli , Sampaio Alexandre Bonesso , Schmidt Isabel Belloni , Vieira Daniel Luis Mascia 
Published: October 2022

Seedling planting (SP) and direct seeding (DS) are the most used methods of tropical tree propagation. We compared the performance of SP and DS plants of four seasonal tropical species over 6 years, considering survival, growth, above and belowground biomass, and the costs of planting and maintenance. We planted 48 pairs of SP and DS plants of Amburana cearensis, Astronium fraxinifolium, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Tabebuia aurea spaced 2 × 1 m. To evaluate biomass allocation, we dug up 5 individuals of each species after 12 and 30 months. We measured survival and height at the time of planting, and at 12, 30, and 68 months. We modeled differences in survival, biomass allocation, and height over time. We calculated costs per surviving tree and the cost‐effectiveness (survival × height increment/cost). Survival was high (average 85%) and it did not differ between planting method for three species; while Astronium showed higher survival via DS (94 vs. 73% SP). Only Amburana presented a higher total biomass in SP than in DS (1.066 vs. 310 g). SP plants of Copaifera and Tabebuia grew taller (1.72 vs. 1.16 m, 1.80 vs. 0.85 m, respectively) than the DS plants. Total cost per surviving tree for DS trees was two times lower than for SP (US$ 1.33 vs. 2.57). Three species were more cost‐effective via DS. The higher effectiveness of DS can be explained by the high survival and establishment rate of DS plants, dismissing the need for the several steps related to planting seedlings.
Relationship between B‐cell epitope structural properties and the immunogenicity of blood group antigens: Outlier properties of the Kell K1 antigen
Authors: Howe John G. , Stack Gary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe immunogenicities of polypeptide blood group antigens vary, despite most being created by single amino acid (AA) substitutions. To study the basis of these differences, we employed an immunoinformatics approach to determine whether AA substitution sites of blood group antigens have structural features typical of B‐cell epitopes and whether the extent of B‐cell epitope properties is positively related to immunogenicity.Study design and methodsFifteen structural property prediction programs were used to determine the likelihood of β‐turns, surface accessibility, flexibility, hydrophilicity, particular AA composition and AA pairs, and other B‐cell epitope properties at AA substitution sites of polypeptide blood group antigens.ResultsAA substitution sites of Lua, Jka, E, c, M, Fya, C, and S were each located in regions with at least two structural features typical of B‐cell epitopes. The substitution site of K, the most immunogenic non‐ABO/D antigen, scored the lowest for most B‐cell epitope properties and was the only one not predicted to be part of a linear B‐cell epitope. The most immunogenic antigens studied (K, Jka, Lua, E) had B‐cell epitope structural properties determined by the fewest programs; the least immunogenic antigens (e.g., Fya, S, C, c) had B‐cell epitope properties according to the most programs.DiscussionCounter to prediction, the immunogenicity of polypeptide blood group antigens was not positively related to B‐cell epitope structural features present at their AA‐substitution sites. Instead, it tended to be negatively related. The AA‐substitution site of the most immunogenic non‐ABO/D antigen, K, had the least B‐cell epitope features.
Logarithmically scaled, gamma distributed neuronal spiking
Authors: Levenstein Daniel , Okun Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNaturally log‐scaled quantities abound in the nervous system. Distributions of these quantities have non‐intuitive properties, which have implications for data analysis and the understanding of neural circuits. Here, we review the log‐scaled statistics of neuronal spiking and the relevant analytical probability distributions. Recent work using log‐scaling revealed that interspike intervals of forebrain neurons segregate into discrete modes reflecting spiking at different timescales and are each well‐approximated by a gamma distribution. Each neuron spends most of the time in an irregular spiking ‘ground state’ with the longest intervals, which determines the mean firing rate of the neuron. Across the entire neuronal population, firing rates are log‐scaled and well approximated by the gamma distribution, with a small number of highly active neurons and an overabundance of low rate neurons (the ‘dark matter’). These results are intricately linked to a heterogeneous balanced operating regime, which confers upon neuronal circuits multiple computational advantages and has evolutionarily ancient origins.
Aerostructural Wing Optimization of a Regional Jet Considering Mission Fuel Burn
Authors: Bons Nicolas P. , Martins Joaquim R. R. A. , Odaguil Felipe I. K. , Cuco Ana Paula C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-fidelity multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) promises rigorous balancing of the multidisciplinary trade-offs inherent to aircraft wings. However, collaborations between academia and industry rarely put MDO to the test on practical design problems. In this work, MDO is applied to the design of a regional jet wing to minimize fuel burn. High-fidelity aerostructural analysis is used to model the wing and capture trade-offs between structural weight and aerodynamic performance. A novel approach is used to calculate fuel burn for climb and descent using a low-fidelity model, improving the relevancy of the optimization results for short-haul missions. A wing-only geometry is used to explore the design space and generate a series of Pareto fronts for different geometric parametrizations. Finally, an aerostructural optimization is conducted with a complete wing-body-tail geometry of an Embraer regional jet. The optimizer increases the wingspan and decreases the sweep of the original wing to achieve a 3.6% decrease in fuel burn.
A Novel Way to Control Wall Temperature Distribution by Grading Blowing Rate
Authors: Zheng Zihao , Bai Xiaohui , Nakayama Akira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Graetz problem in a transpiration-cooled channel was analytically attacked so as to explore the developing temperature field due to a sudden change in wall temperature of the channel subject to an arbitrary distribution of the local mass flux over the porous wall. Analytical expressions for the developments of the thermal boundary layer thickness, wall temperature, and Nusselt number were obtained for the thermal entrance region, assuming hydrodynamically forced convective flow in a channel with a locally variable blowing mass flux. When the blowing mass flux is kept constant over the wall surface, the cooling by the coolant is less effective near the entrance, thus, exposing to danger of thermal damage. This study reveals that the blowing mass flux graded inversely proportional to one-third power of the axial distance is quite effective to keep the wall temperature uniform. Numerical calculations based on finite volume method were also carried out to verify the analysis. The findings from this study can be applied to possible thermal managements of heat generating stacks such as in EV batteries and PEMFC, in which temperature uniformity is essential for product longevity.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Augmentation of a Curved Solar Air Heater With Inverted T-Shaped Ribs
Authors: Katoch Harsh , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Mund Chinmaya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Laminar sub-layer formation in a smooth solar air heater (SAH) is one of the reasons for the low heat transfer coefficient. One of the most effective ways to overcome the problem and improve the heat transfer rate inside the SAH is to use artificial roughness in the form of ribs. The present investigation studies the consequence of inverted T-shaped ribs on the absorber plate of a CSAH. The absorber plate is exposed to a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m2 and is made up of aluminum. The investigation is done on the effect of Reynolds number (Re), relative roughness pitch (P/e), and relative roughness height (e/Dh) on entropy generation, fluid flow, and heat transfer characteristics of the system. A 2D fluid domain has been considered for the numerical analysis, and finite volume method is used to solve the equations of continuity, momentum, and energy. The governing equations are solved using the SST k–ω model. Thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) is also calculated using Nuavg_r and favg_r, which further helped to determine the optimal arrangement of inverted T-shaped ribs on the absorber plate of the SAH. The maximum THPP of 4.7744 is found for P/e = 7.143 at Re = 18,000. Correlation for Nuavg_r and favg_r as a function of Re and P/e is developed. Entropy generation per unit length due to fluid friction and heat transfer has been graphically represented.
Evolving a Bio-Inspired Blade Shape of the Drag-based Vertical-axis Wind Rotor Derived from Orange Sea-pen (Ptilosarcus Gurneyi)
Authors: Rathod Umang H. , Kulkarni Vinayak , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the polyp leaf of the Orange sea-pen (Ptilosarcus gurneyi), a novel blade shape of the Savonius vertical-axis wind rotor is developed. The similarities between the aerodynamic and the hydrodynamic aspects of the Savonius rotor blade profile and the sea-pen leaf are reviewed, and an appropriate analogy is thereby established. The shape of the sea-pen leaf is then extracted to fabricate the rotor blades. The performance of this sea-pen bladed rotor is evaluated in a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel at different wind velocities. The two-dimensional (2D) numerical analysis is also performed to support the experimental findings and to study the influence of blade shape on the pressure and the torque distributions of the rotor. The novel sea-pen bladed rotor, having lesser material requirements, is seen to demonstrate higher performance than that of the conventional semicircular bladed rotor in the tested range of low tip-speed ratio.
Acoustic Wave Manipulation by Phase Conjugate Metasurface
Authors: Cai Xiaobing , Huang Zhandong , Wang Chunguang , Jia Peipei , Yang Jun , Zhang Liwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces are advantageous in wavefront manipulation owing to their compact and flat nature. Particularly, ultrathin and completely smooth metasurfaces with giant phase delay and perfect impedance match are critically required for practical applications. Here, we propose an ultrathin and holeless metasurface composed of simply a pair of membranes. This metasurface supports duo unity transmissions with completely conjugate phase shifts occurring at two extremely close frequencies. This allows the metasurface to present giant phase delay and endow with high refractive index (n = 18) when the wave penetrates through. Such a property is employed to control the wavefront of acoustic waves to realize planar lens focusing, negative refraction, negative reflection, and directional emission. The proposed design principle of acoustic metasurface provides promising avenues for acoustic wave manipulation and may enable extensive applications in beam steering, acoustic imaging, energy harvesting, and surface waves.
Realist evaluation of three programmes aimed at reducing harm and risks associated with alcohol consumption in the Nouvelle Aquitaine region of France: the ECIAE study protocol
Authors: Stevens Nolwenn , Martin-Fernandez Judith , Moriceau Sarah , Serre Fuschia , Auriacombe Marc , Cambon Linda 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionIn Europe, alcohol consumption is responsible for many diseases, disabilities, injuries and premature deaths. In France, alcohol consumption represents an important health burden, due to its frequency, scale and the serious damage it causes. One of the keys to addressing the problem would appear to be the adoption of harm and risk reduction approaches. In order to operationalise this strategy, the Nouvelle Aquitaine Regional Health Agency is funding three different programmes to reduce the harm and risks associated with alcohol consumption:Alcochoix, IacaandETP (Education Thérapeutique du Patient) Conso-repère. We are interested in understanding how, under what circumstances, through which mechanisms and for which population the different programmes work.Methods and analysisThe ECIAE study (a cross-evaluation of the 3 programs Iaca/Alcochoix/ ETP (Patient Therapeutic Education) is a theory-based evaluation where the realist evaluation method is used to explore effects, intervention mechanisms and the influence of context on outcomes. This realist evaluation is based on multiple case studies in two nested levels. At the first level, each centre implementing the programme will represent a case. At the second level, each programme will represent a case in which a set of activities is conducted to achieve risk reduction objectives.Ethics and disseminationThe project will be carried out in full compliance with existing legislation and international conventions. It was subject to analysis, including a privacy impact assessment conducted by the Data Protection Officer of the University of Bordeaux. The University of Bordeaux has ensured that all the regulatory procedures related to the ECIAE study have been carried out. The dissemination plan includes scientific papers, seminars, a report and recommendation and a public restitution. The study will provide evidence-based results to help health authorities roll out strategies to reduce risks and harm associated with alcohol use.