bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Characteristics of High‐Frequency Gravity Waves Observed by an Airglow Imager at Andes Lidar Observatory
Authors: Cao Bing , Liu Alan Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe long‐term statistical characteristics of high‐frequency quasi‐monochromatic gravity waves are presented using multi‐year airglow images observed at Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO, 30.3°S, 70.7°W) in northern Chile. The distribution of primary gravity wave parameters including horizontal wavelength, vertical wavelength, intrinsic wave speed, and intrinsic wave period are obtained and are in the ranges of 20–30 km, 15–25 km, 50–100 m s−1, and 5–10 min, respectively. The duration of persistent gravity wave events captured by the imager approximately follows an exponential distribution with an average duration of 7–9 min. The waves tend to propagate against the local background winds and show evidence of seasonal variations. In austral winter (May–August), the observed wave occurrence frequency is higher, and preferential wave propagation is equator‐ward. In austral summer (November–February), the wave occurrence frequency is lower, and the waves mostly propagate pole‐ward. Critical‐layer filtering plays a moderate role in determining the preferential propagation direction in certain months, especially for waves with a smaller observed phase speed (less than typical background winds). The observed wave occurrence and preferential propagation direction are related to the locations of convection activities nearby and their relative distance to ALO. However, direct wave generations are less likely due to the large distance between the ALO and convective sources. Other mechanisms such as secondary wave generation and possible ducted propagation should be considered. The estimated mean momentum fluxes have typical values of a few m2 s−2.
Identifying the Sources and Drivers of Nitrous Oxide Accumulation in the Eddy‐Influenced Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen‐Deficient Zone
Authors: Monreal Patrick J. , Kelly Colette L. , Travis Nicole M. , Casciotti Karen L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas, and oceanic sources account for up to one third of the total natural flux to the atmosphere. In oxygen‐deficient zones (ODZs) like the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP), N2O can be produced and consumed by several biological processes. In this study, the concentration and isotopocule ratios of N2O from a 2016 cruise in the ETNP were analyzed to examine sources of and controls on N2O cycling across this region. Along the north‐south transect, three distinct biogeochemical regimes were identified: background, core‐ODZ, and high‐N2O stations. Background stations were characterized by smaller variations in N2O concentration and isotopic profiles relative to the other regimes. Core‐ODZ stations were characterized by co‐occurring N2O production and consumption at anoxic depths, indicated by high δ18O‐N2O (>90‰) and low δ15N2Oβ (<−10‰) values, and confirmed by a time‐dependent model, which indicated that N2O production via denitrification was significant and may occur with a nonzero site preference. High‐N2O stations, located at the periphery of a mesoscale eddy, were defined by N2O reaching 126.07 ± 12.6 nM and low oxygen concentrations expanding into near‐surface isopycnals. At these stations, model results indicated significant N2O production from ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and denitrification from nitrate at the N2O maximum within the oxycline, while bacterial nitrification and denitrification from nitrite were insignificant. This study also represents the first in the ETNP to link N2O production mechanisms to a mesoscale eddy through isotopocule measurements, suggesting the importance of eddies to spatiotemporal variability in N2O cycling and emissions from this region.
Scaling Laws in Aeolian Sand Transport Under Low Sand Availability
Authors: Kamath Sandesh , Shao Yaping , Parteli Eric J. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies of wind‐blown sand have considered either fully erodible or non‐erodible soils, but the transport over sparsely sand‐covered soils is still poorly understood. The quantitative modeling of this transport is important for parameterizing Aeolian processes under low sand availability. Here we show, by means of numerical simulations, that the sand transport rate Q scales with the wind shear velocity u∗ as , where u∗t is the minimal threshold u∗ for sustained transport, d is particle size, g is gravity and ρf is air density, while u∗t and the empirical parameters a and b depend on the sand cover thickness. Our model explains the transition from the quadratic to cubic scaling of Q with u∗ as soil conditions change from fully erodible to rigid and provides constraints for modeling Aeolian transport under low sand availability.
Seismic Anisotropy in the Lower Mantle Transition Zone Induced by Lattice Preferred Orientation of Akimotoite
Authors: Guan Longli , Yamazaki Daisuke , Tsujino Noriyoshi , Tange Yoshinori , Higo Yuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeismic anisotropy has been widely observed near the subducting slabs in the lower mantle transition zone (MTZ) and is often interpreted by the lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of constituent minerals. Akimotoite is one of the dominant minerals near the cold subducting slabs. Therefore, we conducted the well‐controlled uniaxial and shear deformation experiments on the MgSiO3 akimotoite aggregates at 21–23 GPa and 900–1300°C by using the D111‐type Kawai‐type multianvil apparatus. We observed strong LPOs and the most dominant slip system of akimotoite is suggested to be (0001). The elastic wave velocities of deformed samples were calculated to be strong azimuthal and polarization anisotropy with the velocities of horizontally polarized shear waves greater than that of vertically polarized shear waves for the horizontal mantle shearing. Our results provide important implications for the origin of observed seismic anisotropies and the mantle flow directions in the lower MTZ.
Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications
Authors: Tang Xiao-Yan , Wu Shanshan , Wang Da , Chu Chu , Hong Yuan , Tao Mengdan , Hu Hao , Xu Min , Guo Xing , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from healthy individuals or patients that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of human organs. The advent of human 3D organoid systems is now possible to allow remarkably detailed observation of stem cell morphogens, maintenance and differentiation resemble primary tissues, enhancing the potential to study both human physiology and developmental stage. As they are similar to their original organs and carry human genetic information, organoids derived from patient hold great promise for biomedical research and preclinical drug testing and is currently used for personalized, regenerative medicine, gene repair and transplantation therapy. In recent decades, researchers have succeeded in generating various types of organoids mimicking in vivo organs. Herein, we provide an update on current in vitro differentiation technologies of brain, retinal, kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal, cardiac, vascularized and multi-lineage organoids, discuss the differences between PSC- and AdSC-derived organoids, summarize the potential applications of stem cell-derived organoids systems in the laboratory and clinic, and outline the current challenges for the application of organoids, which would deepen the understanding of mechanisms of human development and enhance further utility of organoids in basic research and clinical studies.
Family history, obesity, urological factors and diabetic medications and their associations with risk of prostate cancer diagnosis in a large prospective study
Authors: Nair-Shalliker Visalini , Bang Albert , Egger Sam , Yu Xue Qin , Chiam Karen , Steinberg Julia , Patel Manish I. , Banks Emily , O’Connell Dianne L. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Smith David P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) aetiology is unclear. PC risk was examined in relation to several factors in a large population-based prospective study.MethodsMale participants were from Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study (Australia) recruited between 2006 and 2009. Questionnaire and linked administrative health data from the Centre for Health Record Linkage and Services Australia were used to identify incident PC, healthcare utilisations, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing reimbursements and dispensing of metformin and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prescriptions. Multivariable Cox and Joint Cox regression analyses were used to examine associations by cancer spread, adjusting for various confounders.ResultsOf 107,706 eligible men, 4257 developed incident PC up to end 2013. Risk of PC diagnosis increased with: PC family history (versus no family history of cancer; HRadjusted = 1.36; 95% CI:1.21–1.52); father and brother(s) diagnosed with PC (versus cancer-free family history; HRadjusted = 2.20; 95% CI:1.61–2.99); severe lower-urinary-tract symptoms (versus mild; HRadjusted = 1.77; 95% CI:1.53–2.04) and vasectomy (versus none; HRadjusted = 1.08; 95% CI:1.00–1.16). PC risk decreased with dispensed prescriptions (versus none) for BPH (HRadjusted = 0.76; 95% CI:0.69–0.85) and metformin (HRadjusted = 0.57; 95% CI:0.48–0.68). Advanced PC risk increased with vasectomy (HRadjusted = 1.28; 95% CI:1.06–1.55) and being obese (versus normal weight; HRadjusted = 1.31; 95% CI:1.01–1.69).ConclusionVasectomy and obesity are associated with an increased risk of advanced PC. The reduced risk of localised and advanced PC associated with BPH, and diabetes prescriptions warrants investigation.
Resectability, conversion, metastasectomy and outcome according to RAS and BRAF status for metastatic colorectal cancer in the prospective RAXO study
Authors: Uutela Aki , Osterlund Emerik , Halonen Päivi , Kallio Raija , Ålgars Annika , Salminen Tapio , Lamminmäki Annamarja , Soveri Leena-Maija , Ristamäki Raija , Lehtomäki Kaisa , Stedt Hanna , Heervä Eetu , Muhonen Timo , Kononen Juha , Nordin Arno , Ovissi Ali , Kytölä Soili , Keinänen Mauri , Sundström Jari , Nieminen Lasse , Mäkinen Markus J. , Kuopio Teijo , Ristimäki Ari , Isoniemi Helena , Osterlund Pia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Outcomes after metastasectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) vary with RAS and BRAF mutational status, but their effects on resectability and conversion rates have not been extensively studied.

Methods
This substudy of the prospective RAXO trial included 906 patients recruited between 2011 and 2018. We evaluated repeated centralised resectability assessment, conversion/resection rates and overall survival (OS), according to RAS and BRAF status.

Results
Patients included 289 with RAS and BRAF wild-type (RAS and BRAFwt), 529 with RAS mutated (RASmt) and 88 with BRAF mutated (BRAFmt) mCRC. Metastatic prevalence varied between the RAS and BRAFwt/RASmt/BRAFmt groups, for liver (78%/74%/61%), lung (24%/35%/28%) and peritoneal (15%/15%/32%) metastases, respectively. Upfront resectability (32%/29%/15%), conversion (16%/13%/7%) and resection/local ablative therapy (LAT) rates (45%/37%/17%) varied for RASa and BRAFwt/RASmt/BRAFmt, respectively. Median OS for patients treated with resection/LAT (n = 342) was 83/69/30 months, with 5-year OS-rates of 67%/60%/24%, while systemic therapy-only patients (n = 564) had OS of 29/21/15 months with 5-year OS-rates of 11%/6%/2% in RAS and BRAFwt/RASmt/BRAFmt, respectively. Resection/LAT was associated with improved OS in all subgroups.

Conclusions
There were significant differences in resectability, conversion and resection/LAT rates according to RAS and BRAF status. OS was also significantly longer for RAS and BRAFwt versus either mutant. Patients only receiving systemic therapy had poorer long-term survival, with variation according to molecular status.

Clinical trial registration
NCT01531621/EudraCT2011-003158-24
Disruption of β-catenin-mediated negative feedback reinforces cAMP-induced neuronal differentiation in glioma stem cells
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Zhong Yingqian , Chen Jiehong , Sun Shuxin , Liu Wenfeng , Han Yu , Liu Xincheng , Guo Cui , Li Depei , Hu Wanming , Zhang Peiyu , Chen Zhuopeng , Chen Zhongping , Mou Yonggao , Yan Guangmei , Zhu Wenbo , Yin Wei , Sai Ke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence supports the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and their critical role in the resistance to conventional treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Differentiation therapy represents a promising alternative strategy against GBM by forcing GSCs to exit the cell cycle and reach terminal differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that cAMP triggered neuronal differentiation and compromised the self-renewal capacity in GSCs. In addition, cAMP induced negative feedback to antagonize the differentiation process by activating β-catenin pathway. Suppression of β-catenin signaling synergized with cAMP activators to eliminate GSCs in vitro and extended the survival of animals in vivo. The cAMP/PKA pathway stabilized β-catenin through direct phosphorylation of the molecule and inhibition of GSK-3β. The activated β-catenin translocated into the nucleus and promoted the transcription of APELA and CARD16, which were found to be responsible for the repression of cAMP-induced differentiation in GSCs. Overall, our findings identified a negative feedback mechanism for cAMP-induced differentiation in GSCs and provided potential targets for the reinforcement of differentiation therapy for GBM.
Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) combined phacoemulsification surgery: Outcomes at a 2-year follow-up
Authors: Wan Yue , Cao Kai , Wang Jin , Sun Yunxiao , Du Rong , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jidi , Wang Huaizhou , Wang Ningli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives
This study aimed to provide a 24-month follow-up on the surgical success and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) combined cataract.

Subjects/Methods
We included 124 consecutive cases of POAG with microcatheter-assisted GATT or GATT combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation at Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between October 2019 and November 2020. Main outcome measures included surgical success rate, changes in IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), postoperative complications at baseline, and follow-up period of up to 24 months.

Results
In total, 58 eyes received GATT combined with phacoemulsification surgery and 66 eyes received GATT alone. The overall qualified success rate was 86.21% for eyes with GATT combined with phacoemulsification surgery, and 83.48% for eyes with GATT only at 24 months. IOP was reduced from 26.40 ± 6.37 mmHg on 3.12 ± 0.80 medications preoperatively to 14.61 ± 2.28 mmHg on 0.27 ± 0.71 medications at 12 months and 16.08 ± 2.38 mmHg on 0.45 ± 0.96 medications at 24 months after combined surgery. Additionally, mean BCVA improved from 0.75 ± 0.43 logMAR units preoperatively to 0.22 ± 0.18 logMAR units 24 months after combined surgery. No vision-threatening complications occurred during the 24-month follow-up.

Conclusions
The 24-month follow-up results of our study suggest that GATT combined with cataract surgery is a safe and effective treatment for decreasing IOP and number of medications in patients with POAG combined cataract.
Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act
Authors: Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbonatites are rare but worldwide occurring igneous rocks and their genesis remains enigmatic. Field studies show a close spatial but controversially debated genetic relationship with alkaline silicate rocks, and petrological and experimental studies indicate liquid immiscibility from mantle-derived magmas being one viable model for the generation of carbonatites. However, unaltered carbonatitic melts are rare and the composition of primary carbonate liquids and their silicate conjugates is poorly constrained. Here we show an example of primary Ca-carbonatitic melt formed by liquid immiscibility from a phonolitic magma of the Laacher See volcano (Eifel, Germany). The conjugate blebs of carbonate-silicate liquids are found in hauyne-hosted melt inclusions. The Ca-carbonatite melts are moderately alkali-rich and contain high F and Cl at elevated SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations. Such carbonatite liquids are viable parental magmas to the globally dominating intrusive Ca-carbonatite complexes and may provide the missing link to extrusive Na-carbonatitic magmas.
A framework to efficiently describe and share reproducible DNA materials and construction protocols
Authors: Mori Hideto , Yachie Nozomu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDNA constructs and their annotated sequence maps have been rapidly accumulating with the advancement of DNA cloning, synthesis, and assembly methods. Such resources have also been utilized in designing and building new DNA materials. However, as commonly seen in the life sciences, no framework exists to describe reproducible DNA construction processes. Furthermore, the use of previously developed DNA materials and building protocols is usually not appropriately credited. Here, we report a framework QUEEN (framework to generate quinable and efficiently editable nucleotide sequence resources) to resolve these issues and accelerate the building of DNA. QUEEN enables the flexible design of new DNA by using existing DNA material resource files and recording its construction process in an output file (GenBank file format). A GenBank file generated by QUEEN can regenerate the process code such that it perfectly clones itself and bequeaths the same process code to its successive GenBank files, recycling its partial DNA resources. QUEEN-generated GenBank files are compatible with existing DNA repository services and software. We propose QUEEN as a solution to start significantly advancing the material and protocol sharing of DNA resources.
Vanilloid-dependent TRPV1 opening trajectory from cryoEM ensemble analysis
Authors: Kwon Do Hoon , Zhang Feng , Fedor Justin G. , Suo Yang , Lee Seok-Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle particle cryo-EM often yields multiple protein conformations within a single dataset, but experimentally deducing the temporal relationship of these conformers within a conformational trajectory is not trivial. Here, we use thermal titration methods and cryo-EM in an attempt to obtain temporal resolution of the conformational trajectory of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 with resiniferatoxin (RTx) bound. Based on our cryo-EM ensemble analysis, RTx binding to TRPV1 appears to induce intracellular gate opening first, followed by selectivity filter dilation, then pore loop rearrangement to reach the final open state. This apparent conformational wave likely arises from the concerted, stepwise, additive structural changes of TRPV1 over many subdomains. Greater understanding of the RTx-mediated long-range allostery of TRPV1 could help further the therapeutic potential of RTx, which is a promising drug candidate for pain relief associated with advanced cancer or knee arthritis.
Efficient and simultaneous capture of iodine and methyl iodide achieved by a covalent organic framework
Authors: Xie Yaqiang , Pan Tingting , Lei Qiong , Chen Cailing , Dong Xinglong , Yuan Youyou , Maksoud Walid Al , Zhao Long , Cavallo Luigi , Pinnau Ingo , Han Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadioactive molecular iodine (I2) and organic iodides, mainly methyl iodide (CH3I), coexist in the off-gas stream of nuclear power plants at low concentrations, whereas few adsorbents can effectively adsorb low-concentration I2and CH3I simultaneously. Here we demonstrate that the I2adsorption can occur on various adsorptive sites and be promoted through intermolecular interactions. The CH3I adsorption capacity is positively correlated with the content of strong binding sites but is unrelated to the textural properties of the adsorbent. These insights allow us to design a covalent organic framework to simultaneously capture I2and CH3I at low concentrations. The developed material, COF-TAPT, combines high crystallinity, a large surface area, and abundant nucleophilic groups and exhibits a record-high static CH3I adsorption capacity (1.53 g·g−1at 25 °C). In the dynamic mixed-gas adsorption with 150 ppm of I2and 50 ppm of CH3I, COF-TAPT presents an excellent total iodine capture capacity (1.51 g·g−1), surpassing various benchmark adsorbents. This work deepens the understanding of I2/CH3I adsorption mechanisms, providing guidance for the development of novel adsorbents for related applications.
Installing a molecular truss beam stabilizes MOF structures
Authors: Kim Hong Ki , Jung Jong-Yeong , Kang Gyumin , Baik Mu-Hyun , Choi Eun-Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnhancing the stability and durability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is vital for practical applications because many promising MOF materials suffer from phase transitions and/or structural decompositions with humidity being a particularly damaging condition. In mechanical engineering, the frame of buildings and furniture can be stabilized significantly by installing a truss beam. Employing the same principle, we functionalized the organic component of MOF-5 to contain a carbazole moiety that can act as a molecular truss beam by reaching across the corner and forming a stable π–π interaction with a phenyl group on the edge position of the MOF-skeleton. This structural support enhanced the stability of the MOF substantially, allowing the designed MOF to maintain compositional integrity under steam conditions at 90 °C for ~5 days. The unmodified MOF-5 shows clear signs of structural collapse after ~1 h.
Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist clenbuterol produces transient decreases in alpha-synuclein mRNA but no long-term reduction in protein
Authors: Patterson Joseph R. , Hirst Warren D. , Howe Jacob W. , Russell Christopher P. , Cole-Strauss Allyson , Kemp Christopher J. , Duffy Megan F. , Lamp Jared , Umstead Andrew , Kubik Michael , Stoll Anna C. , Vega Irving E. , Steece-Collier Kathy , Chen Yi , Campbell Anne C. , Nezich Catherine L. , Glajch Kelly E. , Sortwell Caryl E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstractβ2-adrenoreceptor (β2AR) agonists have been associated with a decreased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) and are hypothesized to decrease expression of both alpha-synuclein mRNA (Snca)and protein (α-syn). Effects of β2AR agonist clenbuterol on the levels ofSncamRNA and α-syn protein were evaluated in vivo (rats and mice) and in rat primary cortical neurons by two independent laboratories. A modest decrease inSncamRNA in the substantia nigra was observed after a single acute dose of clenbuterol in rats, however, this decrease was not maintained after multiple doses. In contrast, α-syn protein levels remained unchanged in both single and multiple dosing paradigms. Furthermore, clenbuterol did not decreaseSncain cultured rat primary cortical neurons, or decreaseSncaor α-syn in mice. Additionally, compared to the single-dose paradigm, repeat dosing resulted in substantially lower levels of clenbuterol in plasma and brain tissue in rodents. Based on our observations of a transient decrease inSncaand no effect on α-syn protein in this preclinical study, these data support the conclusion that clenbuterol is not likely a viable disease-modifying strategy for PD.