bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pigments constituents, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of brown seaweed Sargassum sp
Authors: Sanger G , Wonggo D , Montolalu L A D Y , Dotulong V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seaweed contains many biofunctional compounds such as pigment and antioxidants that have the utility to inhibit degenerative diseases that are caused by reactive species oxygen (ROS). This research aimed to measure the constituents of photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant activity of brown seaweed Sargassum sp. from North Sulawesi. Sargassum sp. was extracted using n-hexane, acetone, and ethanol by the maceration method. The research consisted of chlorophyll (a, b, and C1+C2), fucoxanthin, carotenoid, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, total phenol content (TPC), scavenging radical activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result exhibited that the hexane extract contained higher chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin than ethanol extract. The TPC values of acetone and ethanol extract of sargassum sp extract were 45.382 ± 3.023 and 44.885 ± 2.834 μg GAE (Galic Acid Equivalent) g-1 extract, respectively. Acetone extract of Sargassum sp. had a lower antioxidant activity of DPPH radical scavenger (IC50 2.966±0.178 mg mL-1) than ethanol extract IC50 2.684±0.256 mg mL-1 extract). The FRAP value of acetone and ethanolic extract of S.olygocystum were respectively 14.45±1.425 and 9.09±0.876 μM Fe2+ mg-1. The Sargassum extract is a potential natural source of natural pigment and antioxidant.
The effect of nest box type and stocking density on stratified shelf culture to increase earthworm Eisenia fetida biomass production
Authors: Mashur  
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Eisenia fetida is one of the species of earthworm that is widely cultivated commercially because the results of its cultivation are related to agriculture and industry. Eisenia fetida earthworm biomass production in the cultivation system applied by the cultivator community is still low. We need innovations in the application of cultivation technology. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the type of nest box, the density of the distribution of earthworms, and the use of multilevel rack cultivation system technology on the biomass production of Eisenia fetida. The research was conducted at the Earthworm Teaching Farm in Mandalika Village, Sandubaya District, Mataram City in January-March 2020. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of three factors, namely: three types of nest boxes, three levels of stocking density, and three levels of cultivation racks. The results showed that the type of nest box had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the percentage increase in biomass weight, but did not affect the percentage increase in the amount of biomass. The stocking density had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the percentage increase in the amount and weight of biomass. The level of cultivation rack did not affect the percentage of the number and weight of Eisenia fetida. The conclusion was that the average percentage increase in the highest amount of biomass was 175%/nest box, and the highest percentage increase in biomass weight of 344%/nest box was achieved in a plastic tub nest box with a stocking density of 25 grams of earthworms/nest box on the third tier cultivation rack. The average increase in weight of earthworm Eisenia fetida was 8.6% per day per nest box.
Development of fertilizer-based medium for the growth rate improvement of Chlorella sp. in the laboratory scale
Authors: Hidayati N A , Anggraini I D , Marno S , Fikri R A , Lathifah W , Putri N , Fitriani I N , Prabowo B , Fitriani R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms, ubiquitous in nature which can be found in freshwater, seawater, hypersaline lakes, even in deserts and arctic ecosystems. Chlorella sp. is a eukaryotic, unicellular, photosynthetic organism with a spherical shape of about 1 to 20 μm in diameter. In this study, the combination of commonly used Walne medium and commercial fertilizers (ZA, TSP and Urea) were proposed as a low-cost approach for the cultivation of Chlorella sp. in the laboratory basis. The modified commercial fertilizer medium formulation consisted of the combination of at least 5% of Walne with different proportion of ZA, TSP and Urea. The result indicated that the combination of 5% (v/v) Walne and 95% (v/v) urea was able to retain the algal growth as compared to the combination of Urea, TSP and ZA. The obtained specific growth for 5% (v/v) Walne and 95% (v/v) urea modified medium was 0.246 d-1 and biomass productivity resulted 28 mg/L/d, which was comparable with commonly used Walne medium. Therefore, urea was primarily considered as the most suitable nitrogen source to support the growth of Chlorella sp. in the laboratory basis. Furthermore, modified commercial fertilizer medium developed in this study could potentially substitute the enriched medium used in the laboratory for the outdoor large-scale cultivation of microalgae.
Application of Modified Atmosphere Packaging to Extend Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.) Shelf Life
Authors: Warsiki E , Manan K 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe potential of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) as export commodity both for fresh consumption and for the fruit processing industry has continue to increase. However, fresh pineapple can only be stored for 2-3 days at room temperature after ripening. On the other hand, the export process requires at least 35 days for delivering and retailing period. Long duration and distance is needed for fruit transportation thus it is required a special storage treatment to extend the shelf life. Modified atmosphere packaging has been proven to modify the air around the product to extend shelf life, especially fresh fruit and vegetable. In this study, modified atmosphere packaging technique was applied to whole pineapple using LDPE plastic. The amount of O2and CO2at various composition was tested and then the samples were storage at temperature of 7°C, 10°C and 28°C room temperature. The quality of the fruit was determined by the parameter of weight loss (%), hardness (mm/5s) and color. Control, pine apple was package without MAP, showed a significant quality deprived. Based on research, the best atmospheric composition to extend the shelf life of fresh pineapple was 1-3 % O2and 5-10 % CO2at 10 °C storage temperature. This condition gave a slow decrease in quality such as the weight loss was about 0.0296 %, the hardness value was 0.0393 mm/second and the organoleptic test was still under consumer’s acceptance.
Formulation of Bioethanol From Pineaple Skin Waste and Applicated as Wax Inhibitors
Authors: Fadly F , Afdhol M K , Hidayat F , Yuliusman Y , Nordin R M , Hasibuan R , Hakim F M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The problem of paraffin wax deposition is one of the problems that occurs in the oil industry which causes blockages during the oil production process. To prevent this problem, you can use a chemical method is injecting wax inhibitors. one of the effective wax inhibitors is solvent. So this paper aims to produce bioethanol solvent through biomass engineering, namely pineapple skin waste. For the production of bioethanol through several methods, namely pretreatment, hydrolysis which aims to convert cellulose into glucose with HCl acid, fermentation which aims to convert glucose into bioethanol with the help of saccaromyces cerevisiae yeast and finally distillation. The result in the hydrolysis process with concentrations of HCl 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M and 5M produces glucose 7 Brix, 16 Brix, 20 Brix, 21 Brix and 24 Brix. And with variations in heating time of 1 hour to 5 hours, the optimum glucose was obtained at 3 hours of 24 Brix. The results of fermentation with a variation of 1 day to 6 days, the optimum bioethanol content in fermentation for 3 days is 18%. 18% bioethanol is mixed into waxy crude oil with a pour point value of 43°C, and the result is able to reduce the pour point is 3°C. To increase the decrease in the pour point of bioethanol, it is blend with a toluene, and the result is to reduce the pour point value by 8°C. So it can be concluded that mixing bioethanol and toluene as a solvent can inhibit paraffin wax deposition
Plastisisation of polyvinilchloride biofilms with palm oil oleine and methylmethacrylate as comonomer
Authors: Wirjosentono Basuki , Nasution Darwin Yunus , Nasution Diana Adnanda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is the second largest thermoplastics produced after polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), especially for packaging, households, toys, and other commodity products. However when used for food packaging, PVC has to be plastisised using plastisisers (added upto 30%), which may not comply with safety requirements for food biofilms. Palm oil oleine (POO) is a nontoxic and edible triglyceride containing double bond and can be bounded onto PVC backbone in the presence of methylmethacrylate (MMA) as comonomer and benzylperoxide (BPO) as initiator. The PVC resin was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (THF), added with POO, MMA and BPO, (in various compositions), under constant stirring in a reflux reactor. The reaction mixtures were then refluxed for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere at constant pressure 1 atm. Plastisised PVC films were obtained after casting the reaction mixtures on a glass plates, and dried under vacuum at constant temperature 40°C. Mechanical properties of the films were tested and their morphology were analysed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR spectoscopy. Optimum clear and flexible PVC films was obtained when weight composition of the reaction mixture: PVC/MMA/POO/BPO: 2/0.5/0.5/0.35. Elongation at break of the optimum film was more than 95% higher, whereas the tensile strength was 60% lower when compare to those of pure casted PVC film. SEM analysis of the film surface also showed good homogenous morphology, whereas analysis of FTIR spectra of the films before and after exhausted washing in n-hexane, indicating 48.5% binding of MMA and POO in the PVC films.
Thermal study of Ca(OH)2 coated OPEFB fibers from limestone through the calcination-hydration process
Authors: Nikmatin Siti , Irmansyah  , Indro Muhammad Nur , Heryan Gito , Sholikhah Mirna Mariani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Limestone is one of the main mineral sources in the form of CaCO3, which is very abundant in nature. Limestone can be converted into other forms of calcium for special needs in various fields. The purpose of this research was to convert limestone as a source of CaCO3 to Ca(OH)2 as a temporary flame-retardant material that can be applied to OPEFB fibers to improve their thermal properties. The manufacturing process used calcination-hydration, namely the process of converting from CaCO3 to Ca(OH)2. The testing method used was the hanging test technique and the flammability test. Both of these techniques were used to deter mine the best sample as an instantaneous flame-retardant material in OPEFB fibers. The results showed that the best sample with a calcination temperature of 800 °C with a concentration of 1 M and immersion time of 10 minutes achieved the optimum thermal properties which were able to increase its thermal properties with a flame retaining time of more than 45 seconds. This was evidenced by the increase in the value of onset x and the tip point of x samples using TGA, as well as an increase in the intensity of the alkanes and alkenes functional groups through FTIR.
Thermal hydrolysate of coconut trunk, coir, and shell as bioherbicide
Authors: Agusta H , Guntoro D , Yunindanova M B , Sari M N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biomass of coconut trunk, coir, and shell as lignocellulosic waste was partially hydrolyzed in sub-critical temperature for a relatively short time. The process was implemented in an anaerobic condition which produced predominantly phenolics compounds and other complexes’ organic constituents. Base on previous findings, in which allelopathic effects of growing vegetation were sourced by phenolics compounds, the filtrates of the hydrolysates were tested as bioherbicide on Borreria alata as a broadleaf weed. The testing of the weed growth covered the weed response at pre-emergence, early post-emergence, and post-emergence stages. The hydrolysate solution contained phenolic, carboxylic, and ketone groups with a yield of less than 12 mg/kg feedstock after undergoing the thermal hydrolyzation process at subcritical temperature. At the post-emergence stage, coconut shell hydrolysates were capable to suppress the growth of Borreria alata by 13-40% and cause leaf damage at the level of 43-63%. However, its effectivity was higher at the pre-emergence and the early post-emergence stages, where the suppression capacity of shell hydrolysate on the weed growth reached 84-100%.
Equilibrium Behavior of CO2 Adsorption from Biogas onto Zeolites
Authors: Kindi Hablinur Al , Tambunan Armansyah H , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Salundik  , Fadillah Achmad Kemal , Yuliana Iyan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biogas is one of the types of renewable energy that has a major gas content of CH4 and CO2. One of the methods for upgrading biogas is adsorption. The principle of adsorption’s work is to deliver biogas into a column with containing adsorbent, so that a CO2 gas is bound to zeolite, causing the CH4 to increase in the result product. The biogas used in research came from a cow feces that was dumped into a 10bar pressure vessel. Adsorbent used zeolite 13X that was activated. The biogas tube has a height 0.3 m and diameter 3 cm. It was made of stainless steel and there was a cartridge heater inside. Biogas was channeled into adsorbent column with pressure variations 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2 bars and temperature variations 30, 50 and 100°C. The flow rate of biogas used 4 L/minute with a 4-minute data retrieval. Data retrieval was continuous, so that the composition of CO2 gas from beginning to end recorded on the Gas analyzer. The research aims to identify the balance of adsorption with variations in pressure and temperature by Langmuir equation which has been developed. The results show if the higher the pressure, then CO2 that was absorbed is inversely proportional to the temperature where the higher the temperature, the less CO2 was adsorbed. This research succeeded in getting the Langmuir constant, maximum amount adsorbed of CO2, and heat of adsorption.
Refining of Fish Oil from Fish Meal Processing By-product Using Zeolite and Bleaching Earth
Authors: Tandewi Sang Ayu Made Sri , Hambali Erliza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As a by-product of the fish meal processing by-product industry, fish oil is a material that has the potential to be reused if it undergoes further processing. What can be done is the bleaching process. This study aims to determine the quality of fish oil before and after the addition of adsorbent, obtain information on the best bleaching process conditions, determine the effect of the best type and concentration of adsorbent on the quality of fish oil, obtain the best adsorbent and concentration. Crude fish oil is weighed and heated. Then, when the temperature has reached 55-60 °C, adsorbents with various concentrations are added. The oil was then reheated and stirred at 80 °C for 30 minutes. After that, the oil was centrifuged at 6500 rpm for 20 minutes. The best type and adsorbent for the bleaching process was obtained using zeolite adsorbent with a concentration of 5%. The interaction of adsorbent type and concentration significantly affected each test parameter of yield, density, viscosity, free fatty acid content, acid number, peroxide number, total oxidation number, and p-anisidine number on the quality of fish oil.
Phytotoxicity of chromium-containing wastewater on germination and growth of Oryza sativa L
Authors: Taufikurahman Taufik , Rizkyani Raden Roro Deby A. , Rahmawati Andira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Leather tanning industries in Sukaregang area, Garut district-West Java, have been using chromium since 1980s. Since that time chromium containing wastewater has been polluting river water in the area since there has not been effective waste water treatment available until today. The polluted river water spread bad smell to the environment and the water also has been used by local farmers to irrigate their paddy field. This research was conducted to examine the effect of chromium containing wastewater to growth of paddy, including the physiology stress in plant organs. For examination of the effect of chromium to plant growth, Ciherang variety (Cvar) of paddy was grown in soil and treated with chemical solutions of K2Cr2O7 with concentrations of 50, 100, 200 mg/L, polluted river water (PRW) and distilled water as a control. Direct exposure of chromium 100-200 mg/L killed the plants a week after treatment. Exposure of the plant to wastewater and chromium 50 mg/L reduced plants growth. In Cr 50 mg/L treatment, chlorophyll content in paddy decreased to 60.82%, while the proline concentration in leaves increased by 18.47%. The activity of CAT and APX enzymes also increased, especially in paddy leaves after treated with Cr 50 mg/L, with the highest CAT activity value reached 1990.31 units/mg (an increase of 76.76%) and APX activity of 59.91 units/mg (an increase of 81.02%). The effect of chromium-containing wastewater to paddy was similar to the effect when the plant was exposed to 50 mg/L of chromium.
LCA analysis and quantification of adsorption performance of Kanuma clay by simultaneous adsorption of H2S and NH3
Authors: Torii Kento , Dowaki Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, fuel cell (FC) applications have shown promise in contributing to the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thereby expanding the demand for hydrogen fuel. Currently, non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels are the primary source of hydrogen. Therefore, for mitigating the GHG emissions during the hydrogen production phase, the focus has been directed toward biomass-derived hydrogen (Bio-H2) production processes. In this study, the environmental impact of Bio-H2 production from sewage sludge has been discussed. The bio-syngas contain various impurities, such as H2S, HCl, and NH3. These impurities could damage the performance of the FC operation. Our previous experimental studies have proposed the use of hydroxyl aluminum silicate clay (HAS-Clay) as an adsorbent in the impurity removal process. HAS-Clay can adsorb a significant amount of H2S by physisorption and is an environment-friendly adsorbent. However, it was found that NH3 decreased the adsorption performance of HAS-Clay. The life cycle assessment revealed that any reduction of eco-burden would be less obtained. Therefore, in this study, Kanuma clay (Kc), which is a natural resource, was used to first adsorb NH3 and aim for maintaining the adsorption performance of HAS-Clay. Kc adsorption capacities of H2S and NH3 have been obtained. However, the adsorption capacity in the simultaneous adsorption of H2S and NH3 has never been investigated. Thus, in this study, the simultaneous adsorption of H2S and NH3 was conducted using an adsorption column with the adsorbents as Kc and HAS-Clay. Finally, the environmental burden of the system was assessed.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD SIMULATION VALIDATION PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FRANCIS TURBINE
Authors: Umar Baig Mirza , Cao Jingwei , Wang Zhengwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Francis Turbines are designed to Extract hydraulic power as much as possible in hydro power plant stations. Performance analysis and selecting design of hydraulic turbines are two very essential aspects of any hydro power project which ensure the economical and efficient functioning of these hydro power plants.CFD simulation can provide us insight into field flow characteristics which will help us understand the design parameter and development of Francis turbine. The performance analyzed in different operating conditions with the help of numerical simulation and experimental testing. The various visualization techniques in numerically and Physically model testing for hydraulic performance with maximum-minimum and rated head and different flow rate analyses of the turbines are briefly discussed. These techniques can be provided efficiency and insight flow characteristics with different operating conditions of the Francis turbine. Efficiency is calculated 94% with Computational fluid dynamics simulation with an error of less than 0.7% compared with physical model testing. The numerically simulation and physical model testing are shown that feasibility for the optimal design of the hydraulic Francis turbine.
Modeling of the Blade Leading-Edge Pressure Drop of Centrifugal Impeller Based on Machine-Learning
Authors: Wu Yanzhao , Li Na , Tao Ran , Li Puxi , Xiao Ruofu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Blade leading-edge pressure drop is an important parameter that strongly influences the safe and stable operation of centrifugal pump. It is sensitive to blade leading-edge geometry. To understand the inlet flow state of centrifugal pump, it is necessary to evaluate the location and the minimum value of blade leading-edge pressure drop. However, the operation condition is complex. A large amount of experiments and numerical simulations should be conducted for a fully understanding of the local pressure field. With the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning can be used for accelerating the evaluations with potential laws of fluid mechanism. Therefore, neural network is used in this case to fit the solution space of condition, leading-edge geometry and local pressure drop. The influence of different factors can be well analyzed. The conditions which is not directly tested will be predicted by well-trained neural network. With the increasing of the leading-edge elliptic ratio of the blade inlet, the minimum pressure position of the blade moves from the impeller hub to the impeller shroud. This study provides a preliminary study and a good reference of the evaluation of blade inlet leading edge flow state in the future researches.
Measurements for Condition Monitoring of Hydropower plants: A Review
Authors: Sapkota P , Chitrakar S , Neopane H P , Thapa B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Condition monitoring is an extension of the predictive maintenance or proactive maintenance process for detecting faults in a machine component with the help of pre identified measuring parameters to identify a significant change which is indicative of a developing fault. The fault developed due to various factors in the hydropower plants can damage or halt the operation of power plants. The literatures on the measurement process for condition monitoring of power plants has been reviewed and discussed. Since condition monitoring is a newer and a broader topic, few literatures were available and they were review on the basis of measurement and faults detection processes.
Coating technology in hydro-turbines for sediment affected power plants: A review
Authors: Aryal Shekhar , Chitrakar Sailesh , Shrestha Rajendra , Jha Ajay kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The sediment loads originated from Run-off-river reaches to the turbines as suspended particles, causing wear and tear of the mechanical components. In the case of power plants under Himalayan Rivers, the turbines need to undergo repair and maintenance in a regular basis, due to a substantial loss of material from the turbine components. Past research works have focused on minimizing the erosion in turbines by changing the design of runner and guide vanes, strategically operation of the power plant during the monsoon season, as well as application of the coating materials over the susceptible regions. This paper studies the suitable coating technologies that could be implemented for hydro turbines, in the context of hydro power plants exposed to sediment particles. The review has shown numerous materials and approaches of applying the coating, their performance evaluation using experiments and important findings. This paper also discusses on different methods of characterizing the coating, mechanical integrity as well as the tribological behavior of the coated material.