bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition management and pancreatitis in children: new insights
Authors: Dike Chinenye R. , Abu-El-Haija Maisam 
Published: July 2022

Recent findings
Early initiation of feeds is safe and possible in mild to moderate pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) and is not associated with increased pain or increased serum lipase level. Enteral nutrition within 48 h of admission compared to no feeds within 48 h (NPO) is associated with a significant reduction in length of stay, reduced progression to severe acute pancreatitis, decreased ICU transfers, and increased weight gain at follow-up. Early standard fat meals did not worsen pain or serum lipase levels in children with mild to moderate AP.

Purpose of review
Nutrition is essential in the management of AP in children. Diet before, during, and after an attack of AP can affect outcomes. Here, we highlight recent advances that have been made in the last decade on nutritional interventions in pediatric acute pancreatitis and provide future directions for research.

Summary
Early enteral nutrition is safe and feasible in pediatric mild to moderate AP and is associated with improved outcomes. There are only a handful of studies on nutritional interventions in pediatric mild to moderate AP. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of early enteral nutrition in pediatric severe AP.
Association of Unilateral Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Harvest for Breast Reconstruction with Postoperative Spinal Posture
Authors: Kim Jisu , Lee Hojune , Pyon Jai-Kyong , Mun Goo-Hyun , Bang Sa Ik , Jeon Byung-Joon , Lee Kyeong-Tae 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle originates from the lower thoracic spine with broad attachment and plays a subsidiary role in spinal postural stability. We investigated whether harvesting unilateral LD muscle for breast reconstruction could influence spinal posture in the long-term.

Methods:
Patients who underwent immediate unilateral breast reconstruction between 2002 and 2010 were reviewed. They were grouped according to reconstruction methods: LD muscle flap and tissue expander/implant. The Cobb angle was assessed twice at each of five different time points (preoperative/postoperative 2, 4, 6, and 8 years) by an independent physician blinded to the reconstruction modality. Postoperative scoliosis was defined as a mean Cobb angle >10° at 8 years postoperatively. The trends of changes in Cobb angle over time and the rate of postoperative scoliosis were compared between reconstruction methods.

Results:
In total, 153 women were analyzed, including 102 using LD muscle flap and 51 using tissue expander/implant, with a median follow-up of 103.0 months. The LD flap group showed enhanced trends of increasing postoperative Cobb angles as compared with the tissue expander/implant group, and the difference remained significant after adjusting for other variables (p = 0.001). The rate of postoperative scoliosis was significantly higher in the LD flap group than in the control group (p = 0.029). Multivariable analyses revealed that use of the LD flap was associated with a significantly increased rate of postoperative scoliosis.

Conclusions:
Unilateral LD muscle flap harvest for breast reconstruction might be associated with changes of spinal posture in the long run.
“Introduction of a low-cost and automated four-dimensional assessment system of the face.”
Authors: Petrides George A. , Joy Christopher , Dolk Oliver , Low Tsu-Hui (Hubert) , Lovell Nigel , Eviston Timothy J. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Existing automated objective grading systems either fail to consider the face’s complex 3D morphology or suffer from poor feasibility and usability. Consumer-based Red Green Blue Depth (RGB-D) sensors and/or smartphone integrated 3D hardware can inexpensively collect detailed four-dimensional facial data in real-time but are yet to be incorporated into a practical system. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a proof-of-concept automated 4D facial assessment system using an RGB-D sensor (termed OpenFAS) for use in a standard clinical environment. This study was performed on normal adult volunteers and patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP). The setup consists of the Intel RealSense SR300 connected to a laptop running the OpenFAS application. The subject sequentially mimics the facial expressions shown on screen. Each frame is landmarked, and automatic anthropometric calculations are performed. Any errors during each session were noted. Landmarking accuracy was estimated by comparing the ‘ground-truth position’ of landmarks annotated manually to those placed automatically. 18 participants were included in the study, nine healthy participants and nine patients with FNP. Each session was standardized at approximately 106 seconds. 61.8% of landmarks were automatically annotated within approximately 1.575mm of their ground-truth locations. Our findings support that OpenFAS is usable and feasible in routine settings, laying down the critical groundwork for a facial assessment system that addresses the shortcomings of existing tools. However, the iteration of OpenFAS presented in this study is undoubtedly nascent with future work including improvements to landmarking accuracy, analyses components, and RGB-D technology required before clinical application.
M3CV:A Multi-subject, Multi-session, and Multi-task database for EEG-based Biometrics Challenge
Authors: Huang Gan , Hu Zhenxing , Chen Weize , Liang Zhen , Li Linling , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEEG signals exhibit commonality and variability across subjects, sessions, and tasks. But most existing EEG studies focus on mean group effects (commonality) by averaging signals over trials and subjects. The substantial intra- and inter-subject variability of EEG has often been overlooked. The recently significant technological advances in machine learning, especially deep learning, have brought technological innovations to EEG signal application in many aspects, but there are still great challenges in cross-session, cross-task, and cross-subject EEG decoding. In this work, an EEG-based biometric competition based on a large-scale M3CV (A Multi-subject, Multi-session, and Multi-task Database for investigation of EEG Commonality and Variability) database was launched to better characterize and harness the intra- and inter-subject variability and promote the development of machine learning algorithm in this field. In the M3CV database, EEG signals were recorded from 106 subjects, of which 95 subjects repeated two sessions of the experiments on different days. The whole experiment consisted of 6 paradigms, including resting-state, transient-state sensory, steady-state sensory, cognitive oddball, motor execution, and steady-state sensory with selective attention with 14 types of EEG signals, 120,000 epochs. With the learning tasks of the identification and verification, the performance metrics and baseline methods were introduced in the competition. In general, the proposed M3CV dataset and the EEG-based biometric competition aim to provide the opportunity to develop advanced machine learning algorithms for achieving an in-depth understanding of the commonality and variability of EEG signals across subjects, sessions, and tasks.
Modulating hierarchical learning by high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation at theta frequency
Authors: Liu Meng , Dong Wenshan , Wu Yiling , Verbeke Pieter , Verguts Tom , Chen Qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsiderable evidence highlights the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a key region for hierarchical (i.e., multi-level) learning. In a previous electroencephalography (EEG) study we found that the low-level prediction errors (PEs) were encoded by frontal theta oscillations (4–7Hz), centered on right DLPFC (rDLPFC). However, the causal relationship between frontal theta oscillations and hierarchical learning remains poorly understood. To investigate this question, in the current study, participants received theta (6Hz) and sham high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) over the rDLPFC, while performing the probabilistic reversal learning task. Behaviorally, theta tACS induced a significant reduction in accuracy for the stable environment, but not for the volatile environment, relative to the sham condition. Computationally, we implemented a combination of a hierarchical Bayesian learning and a decision model. Theta tACS induced a significant increase in low-level (i.e., probability-level) learning rate and uncertainty of low-level estimation relative to sham condition. Instead, the temperature parameter of the decision model, which represents (inverse) decision noise, was not significantly altered due to theta stimulation. These results indicate that theta frequency may modulate the (low-level) learning rate. Furthermore, environmental features (e.g., its stability) may determine whether learning is optimized as a result.
Emergence of persistent and sequential representations in the hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry during associative learning
Authors: Souza Bryan C. , Klee Jan L. , Mazzucato Luca , Battaglia Francesco P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemporal associations between sensory stimuli separated in time rely on the interaction between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, it is not known how changes in their neural activity support the emergence of temporal association learning. Here, we use simultaneous electrophysiological recordings in the hippocampal CA1 region and mPFC of mice to elucidate the neural dynamics underlying memory formation in an auditory trace conditioning task. We found that in both areas conditioned (CS+/CS−) and unconditioned stimuli (US) evoked similar temporal sequences of neural responses that progressively diverged during learning. Additionally, persistent CS representations emerged in mPFC after learning, supported by CS+ coding states whose transient reactivation reliably predicted lick onset and behavioral performance on single trials. These results show that coordination of temporal sequences in CA1 and persistent activity in mPFC may underlie temporal association learning, and that transient reactivations of engrams in mPFC predict the animal behavior.HighlightsTemporal representation of CS+, but not CS− and US, strengthens in CA1 after learning.Similarity between stimulus and reward temporal representations decrease with learning, but is recovered in error trials.Representation of stimulus identity is strong and stable in PFC since stimulus onset, while it only emerges in CA1 during trace period.Neural states defined on faster time-scales reveal the emergence of CS coding states in PFC whose onset predicts lick times and task performance.PFC-CA1 states do not increase coordination during late CS+ stimulus and trace.Abstract FigureFigure 0:Graphical Abstract
Subthalamic stimulation evoked cortical responses relate to motor performance in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bahners Bahne H. , Spooner Rachel K. , Hartmann Christian J. , Schnitzler Alfons , Florin Esther 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubthalamic deep brain stimulation is effective in alleviating motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Establishing the clinically best stimulation settings often requires time-consuming test sessions and creates a need for biomarkers to optimize this process. While stimulation-evoked cortical responses have been proposed as such a neurophysiological marker, their relationship to motor performance has not yet been studied systematically. For this aim, we recorded finger-tapping movements and cortical responses evoked by different stimulation amplitudes of 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease using magnetoencephalography. The motor cortex amplitude was a significant predictor of a higher finger tap frequency and a more regular tapping profile. In addition, subthalamic stimulation evoked responses in the inferior and middle frontal gyrus, and the supplementary motor area. While earlier studies relied on a limited cortical coverage, we reveal a cortical distribution of responses that aligns with the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network. Our study sheds light on the relationship between cortical responses evoked by subthalamic stimulation and motor performance based on objective quantitative parameters. Stimulation-evoked responses could guide clinical programming in the future.
A short-term decellularisation technique for porcine carotid arteries that conveys a structural stimulus to cells
Authors: Fitzpatrick E. , Gaul R. , Smekens C. , Mathieu P. , Meehan B. , Tornifoglio B. , Cahill P.A. , Lally C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many cases, treatment for stenotic atherosclerotic lesions requires the use of bypass grafts to divert blood flow around the diseased vessel sections. Autologous vessels are considered the “gold standard” for bypass conduits; however, the shortage of healthy autologous vessels has resulted in an increasing focus on optimising synthetic, biological and/or tissue engineered vascular bypass grafts. While many of the previously published methods have been shown to fall short of producing an ideal TEVG, this report presents a decellularisation process that produces an acellular vascular graft that is efficient, cost effective, and could be readily automated. The resulting graft can be used “off the shelf”, has preserved arterial structure and mechanical properties, and conforms to decellularisation criteria regarding the sufficient removal of cellular and genetic components. Additionally, the graft does not require any priming, supports molecular transport, can withstand supraphysiological pressures, and can support cell attachment and growth under physiological strain conditions whilst providing structural cues for cell adhesion and growth.Impact statementVascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the absence of suitable autologous vessels, there currently exists a clear clinical need for ‘off the shelf’ vascular grafts that can successfully bypass diseased arteries. This paper outlines a short-term method for obtaining such a graft. The technique used involves decellularising porcine carotid arteries whilst preserving arterial structure and mechanical properties and is compliant with the international standard for implantable vascular prostheses: EN ISO 7198:2017. Additionally, this protocol is cost and time effective, and produces reproducible “ready to use” acellular grafts that support molecular transport, can withstand supraphysiological pressures, and can support cell attachment and growth with controlled structural cues under physiological strain conditions.
Improving Memory via Automated Targeted Memory Reactivation during Sleep
Authors: Whitmore Nathan W. , Harris Jasmine C. , Kovach Torin , Paller Ken A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA widely accepted view in memory research is that previously acquired information can be reactivated during sleep, leading to persistent memory storage. Recently, Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) has been developed as a technique whereby specific memories can be reactivated during sleep using a sensory stimulus linked to prior learning. TMR can improve various types of memory, raising the possibility that it may be useful for cognitive enhancement and clinical therapy. A major challenge for the expanded use of TMR is that experimenters must manually control stimulation timing and intensity, which is impractical in most settings. To address this limitation, we developed the SleepStim system for automated TMR in the home environment. SleepStim includes a smartwatch to collect movement and heart-rate data, plus a smartphone to emit auditory cues. A machine-learning model identifies periods of deep non-REM sleep and triggers TMR sounds within these periods. We tested whether this system could replicate the spatial-memory benefit of in-lab TMR. Participants learned the locations of objects on a grid, and then half of the object locations were reactivated during sleep over three nights. In an experiment with 61 participants, the TMR effect was nonsignificant but varied systematically with stimulus intensity; low-intensity but not high-intensity stimuli produced memory benefits. In a second experiment with 24 participants, we limited stimulus intensity and found that TMR reliably improved spatial memory, consistent with effects observed in laboratory studies. We conclude that SleepStim can effectively accomplish automated TMR and that avoiding sleep disruption is critical for TMR benefits.
Mechanical vibration modulates regional cerebral blood flow and biomechanical co-variance network in a frequency-dependent manner
Authors: Kong Linghan , Qiu Suhao , Chen Yu , He Zhao , Huang Peiyu , He Qiang , Zhang Ru-Yuan , Feng Xi-Qiao , Deng Linhong , Li Yao , Yan Fuhua , Yang Guang-Zhong , Feng Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman brain experiences vibration of certain frequency during various physical activities such as vehicle transportation and machine operation or accidents, which may cause traumatic brain injury or other brain diseases. However, little is known about what happened to brain after vibration stimuli. Here, with a custom-built electromagnetic actuator, vibration was induced in the brain while cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain stiffness were measured at 20, 30, 40 Hz for 52 healthy volunteers. With increasing frequency, multiple regions of the brain showed increasingly reduced CBF, while the size of such regions also expanded. The vibration-induced CBF reduction regions largely fell inside the brain’s default mode network (DMN), with about 58 or 46 % overlap at 30 or 40 Hz, respectively. By establishing a biomechanical co-variance network based on tissue stiffness, analysis of small-world properties and modularity showed an increased disruption of the network with increased frequency. These findings demonstrate frequency-dependent features of vibration modulation to brain. Furthermore, the overlap between CBF reduction regions and DMN, and the vibration-induced decrease of biomechanical network connections suggest a interweaved relationship between blood flow, tissue stiffness, and cognitive functions. These may provide critical insights into the mechanical stimulus to brain and vibration-induced brain pathologies.
In utero exposure to cannabidiol disrupts select early-life behaviors in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Iezzi Daniela , Caceres Alba , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J.J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD), one of the main components of cannabis, is generally considered safe, despite the lack of studies on the possible consequences of its consumption during critical periods of neurodevelopment, including prenatal life. Although CBD crosses the placenta and its use during pregnancy is steadily increasing, the impact of gestational CBD exposure on early life is unknown. Here, we combined behavioral exploration and deep learning to assess how in utero exposure to low doses of CBD alters pre-weaning behaviors in mouse pups of both sexes. The data reveal that pups from CBD-treated dams exhibit sex-specific alterations in weight growth, homing behavior, and the syllabic repertoire of ultrasonic vocalizations. Thus, prenatal CBD is associated with alterations in innate behavioral responses and communication skills.
USP30 inhibition induces mitophagy and reduces oxidative stress in parkin-deficient and CCCP-stressed human iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Okarmus Justyna , Agergaard Jette Bach , Stummann Tina C. , Haukedal Henriette , Ambjørn Malene , Freude Kristine K. , Fog Karina , Meyer Morten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUbiquitination of mitochondrial proteins plays an important role in the cellular regulation of mitophagy. The E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin (encoded by PARK2) and the ubiquitin-specific protease 30 (USP30) have both been reported to regulate ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial proteins and thereby mitophagy. Loss of E3 ligase activity is thought to be pathogenic in both sporadic and inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD), with loss-of-function mutations in PARK2 being the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive PD.The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether mitophagy induced by USP30 inhibition provides a functional rescue in isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons with and without PARK2 knockout (KO).Our data show that healthy neurons responded to CCCP-induced mitochondrial damage by clearing the impaired mitochondria and that this process was accelerated by USP30 inhibition. Parkin-deficient neurons showed an impaired mitophagic response to CCCP challenge, although mitochondrial ubiquitination was enhanced. USP30 inhibition promoted mitophagy in PARK2 KO neurons, independently of whether left in basal conditions or treated with CCCP. In PARK2 KO, as in control neurons, USP30 inhibition balanced oxidative stress levels by reducing excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, non-dopaminergic neurons, were the main driver of the beneficial effects of USP30 inhibition.Our findings demonstrate that USP30 inhibition is a promising approach to boost mitophagy and improve cellular health, also in parkin-deficient cells, and support the potential relevance of USP30 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach in diseases with a need to combat neuronal stress mediated by impaired mitochondria.
Decoupling of interacting neuronal populations by time-shifted stimulation through spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Authors: Asl Mojtaba Madadi , Valizadeh Alireza , Tass Peter A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synaptic organization of the brain is constantly modified by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In several neurological disorders, abnormal neuronal activity and pathological synaptic connectivity may significantly impair normal brain function. Reorganization of neuronal circuits by therapeutic stimulation has the potential to restore normal brain dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that the temporal stimulation pattern crucially determines the long-lasting therapeutic effects of stimulation. Here, we tested whether a specific pattern of brain stimulations can enable the suppression of pathologically strong inter-population synaptic connectivity through spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). More specifically, we tested how introducing a time shift between stimuli delivered to two interacting populations of neurons can effectively decouple them. To that end, we first used a tractable model, i.e., two bidirectionally coupled leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, to theoretically analyze the optimal range of stimulation frequency and time shift for decoupling. We then extended our results to two reciprocally connected neuronal populations (modules) where inter-population delayed connections were modified by STDP. As predicted by the theoretical results, appropriately time-shifted stimulation causes a decoupling of the two-module system through STDP, i.e., by unlearning pathologically strong synaptic interactions between the two populations. Based on the overall topology of the connections, the decoupling of the two modules, in turn, causes a desynchronization of the populations that outlasts the cessation of stimulation. Decoupling effects of the time-shifted stimulation can be realized by time-shifted burst stimulation as well as time-shifted continuous simulation. Our results provide insight into the further optimization of a variety of multichannel stimulation protocols aiming at a therapeutic reshaping of diseased brain networks.