bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low numbers of COVID‐19 in Swedish pediatric oncology patients during the first pandemic year despite an open society
Authors: Sundberg Emil , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Langenskiöld Cecilia , Król Ladislav , Nilsson Frans , Vogt Hartmut , Palle Josefine , Ek Torben , Nilsson Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSweden adopted a different strategy than many other countries to combat the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic and kept most schools open. Initial reports from China suggested that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was milder in children compared to adults, but there was a lack of data from immunocompromised children. Therefore, we investigated the rate of verified SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in our Swedish pediatric oncology patients.ProcedureThis was a multicenter retrospective study. A questionnaire including patient data as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 data was sent to the six Swedish childhood cancer centers in May 2021.ResultsDuring the first pandemic year, 49 patients were identified as SARS‐CoV‐2 positive, and 22 (45%) children were hospitalized with COVID‐19. Two children needed intensive care, but no COVID‐19‐related deaths were reported. Most patients (n = 36, 73%) were on active chemotherapy treatment and 23 children (49%) attended school or daycare at least part‐time. Half of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients experienced a delay in cancer treatment.ConclusionsDespite the rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Sweden, without a strict lockdown of the society, the number of nationally reported pediatric oncology patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐verified infection was low, and the majority of children had mild disease. Our data show that treatment interruptions occurred frequently and this should clearly be avoided for the coming years.
Biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) matrix and reinforced with natural fiber fabrics: The effect of fiber type and compatibilizer content
Authors: Tham Mun Wai , M. R. Nurul Fazita , H.P.S. Abdul Khalil , Jaafar Mariatti , Rashedi Ahmad , M. K. Mohamad Haafiz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) was reinforced with either bamboo or jute fabric to produce 30 wt% composites. However, hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic natural fiber are incompatible. Hence, maleic anhydride grafted PLA (PLA‐g‐MA) used as compatibilizer. In this study, effect of grafting reactants content, maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on MA grafting degree of PLA‐g‐MA were optimized using Taguchi experimental design. Synthesized PLA‐g‐MA exhibiting highest MA grafting degree used as compatibilizer at 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% for 30 wt% composites. These compatibilized 30 wt% composites were investigated for their water absorption, thermal stability, thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties. PLA‐g‐MA addition at 3 wt% onto 30 wt% bamboo/PLA or at 5 wt% onto 30 wt% jute/PLA enhanced their interfacial adhesion, increasing theirTg,Tm,Xc, tensile, flexural, impact and storage modulus but reduced their water absorption,Tccand damping factor. Further PLA‐g‐MA addition above 3 wt% onto 30 wt% bamboo/PLA or above 5 wt% onto 30 wt% jute/PLA adversely affected their water absorption, thermal, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. This was attributed to excess uncoupled PLA‐g‐MA acting as plasticizer. Adverse effects also observed for their thermal stability when PLA‐g‐MA was added onto 30 wt% bamboo/PLA or 30 wt% jute/PLA. This was attributed to higher grafting reactant content, MA and less thermally stable PLA‐g‐MA.
Outcome of monochorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies: Expectant management versus fetal reduction
Authors: Meng Xinlu , Wang Ying , Yuan Pengbo , Wang Xueju , Yin Shaohua , Shi Huifeng , Gong Xiaoli , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of monochorionic triamniotic (MCTA) triplets managed expectantly with those reduced to twins.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study comparing expectant management (EM) with fetal reduction (FR) to twins in 43 consecutive MCTA triplets with 3 live fetuses at 11–14 weeks between 2012 and 2021.ResultsNineteen patients managed expectantly and 24 triplets reduced to twins were included. The rate of pregnancy with at least one survivor was 84.2% in the EM group and 66.7% in the FR group (P = 0.190). Compared to the EM cases, triplets reduced to twins had a higher median gestational age at delivery (36.0 vs. 33.3 weeks; P < 0.001), a higher mean birth weight (2244.3 ± 488.6 g vs. 1751.1 ± 383.2 g; P < 0.001) and a lower risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks (11.8% vs. 64.7%; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the risk of miscarriage, pregnancy complications and composite adverse neonatal outcomes.ConclusionIn MCTA triplets, FR to twins could reduce the risk of preterm birth, whereas EM seems to be a reasonable choice when the priority is at least one survivor. However, due to the small sample size of this study, these findings must be interpreted with great caution.
Effectiveness of Youth Mental Health First Aid training for parents at school
Authors: Marsico Kristen F. , Wang Cixin , Liu Jia Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractYouth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) teaches adults to recognize signs and symptoms of youth mental illness and intervene using a five‐step action plan. While studies have examined the effects of the YMHFA on school staff, limited attention has been given to parent trainees in the school setting. The present study examined the outcomes following YMHFA for parents at school using a prepost and 2‐month follow‐up design. Researchers collaborated with schools to offer six free trainings at no cost to parents. A total of 107 parents participated in the research by completing the pre‐ and postsurveys. In addition, 64 of them also completed the 2‐month follow‐up survey after completing the YMHFA training. Analysis of covariances results indicated that following the YMHFA training, parents' mental health literacy, help‐seeking intentions, attitudes toward help‐seeking, behavioral intentions to use the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) action plan, and confidence in MHFA skills increased significantly. Stigma decreased significantly. All significant changes were maintained at the 2‐month follow‐up. Participants also provided feedback and suggestions. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to beneficial aspects of YMHFA and ways to improve the training for parents at school. Implications for engaging parents in school to support youth mental health are discussed.
Quality of life at school: Between vulnerability and robustness of students
Authors: Oger Marie , Martin‐Krumm Charles , Fenouillet Fabien , Müller Anita , Le Roux Fleur , Tarquinio Cyril , Broc Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe quality of life of students at school is an increasingly topical issue in relation both to public health issues, made more acute by the pandemic and successive confinements, and to the technical nature of future jobs which means training has become an economic issue. There are therefore two issues, one linked to health and the other to school performance. A cross‐sectional design was adopted. Questionnaires were administered to 470 volunteer student's seventh grade US to the first year of the Senior Technician Curriculum aged from 12 to 23 years (139 girls and 331 boys, mage = 15.7 years). Latent profiles analysis and the Games–Howell post hoc test were used. Analyses carried out with MPlus reveal three possible profiles. They also show that these profiles have a strong predictive power on motivation and perceived health.
Crosslinking Super Yellow to produce super OLEDs: Crosslinking with azides enables improved performance
Authors: Hengge Michael , Hänsch Paul , Ehjeij Daniel , Benneckendorf Frank S. , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Müllen Klaus , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Hermerschmidt Felix 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is nowadays based on the use of polymers as the emissive material. For this material class in particular, solution‐processing of the OLEDs has gained traction in both research and industry. However, in order to access multilayer material systems, orthogonal solvents must be used to prevent dissolution of previously prepared layers. The use of crosslinkers can facilitate this production method by reducing the number of orthogonal solvents needed since insoluble networks are generated. In this work, a novel bisazide crosslinker is employed to insolubilize Super Yellow, a polyphenylene‐vinylene emitter. This allows the use of an additional poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine electron blocking layer (EBL) from the same solvent. Devices including the blocking layer show improved efficacies compared to reference devices without the additional EBL, while also maintaining the emission spectrum. Using the upscalable technique of doctor blading, OLEDs were fabricated which showed a particularly noticeable effect of the blocking layer with a nearly twofold increase in luminance and a 56% increase in current efficacy.
Modulation of human transthyretin stability by the mutations at histidine 88 studied by free energy simulation
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Hoon , Kuczera Krzysztof 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric plasma protein associated with a high percentage of β‐sheet, which forms amyloid fibrils and accumulates in tissues or extracellular matrix to cause amyloid diseases. Free energy simulations based on all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to analyze the effects of the His88 → Arg, Phe, and Tyr mutations on the stability of human TTR. The calculated free energy change differences (ΔΔG) caused by the His → Arg, Phe, and Tyr mutations at position 88 are 6.48 ± 0.45, −9.99 ± 0.54, and 2.66 ± 0.33 kcal/mol, respectively. These calculated free energy change differences between wild type and the mutants are in excellent agreement with prior experimental values. Our simulation results show that the wild type of the TTR is more stable than H88R and H88Y mutants, whereas it is less stable than the H88F mutant. The free energy component analysis shows that the primary contribution to the free energy change difference (ΔΔG) for the His → Arg mutation arises from electrostatic interaction; the ΔΔG for the His → Phe mutation is from van der Waals and electrostatic interactions and that for the His → Tyr mutation from covalent interaction. The simulation results show that the free energy calculation with thermodynamic integration is beneficial for understanding the detailed microscopic mechanism of protein stability. The implications of the results for understanding stabilizing and destabilizing effect of the mutation and the contribution to protein stability are discussed.
Dynamic muscle paralytic effects of a novel botulinum toxin A free of neurotoxin‐associated proteins
Authors: Liu Wu‐chao , Su Jun‐hui , Feng Ya , Xiang Xue‐rui , Pan Li‐zhen , Liu Ying , Ma Lin , Nie Zhi‐yu , Zhang Xue‐ping , Jin Ling‐jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructurally, botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) is composed of neurotoxin and nontoxic complexing proteins (CPs), and the neurotoxin has the function of blocking acetylcholine release from the neuromuscular junction and therefore paralyzing muscles. Nowadays, a novel botulinum toxin A free of CPs (chinbotulinumtoxin A, A/Chin) is produced, and the present study comprehensively evaluated the dynamic paralytic effect of A/Chin on the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Different doses (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 U) of A/Chin and other BTX‐As with and without CPs were administered to the gastrocnemius muscles of rats and muscle strength was measured and compared at different postinjection timepoints (from day 0 to 84). With the dose increased, time‐to‐peak paralytic effect of other BTX‐As varied from day 3 to day 14, while A/Chin groups showed rapid and steady time to peak on day 3. At the lowest dose of 0.01 U, A/Chin showed significantly better peak paralytic effect than the others on day 3. When the dose increased to 0.5 U and more, A/Chin group also showed significant paralytic effect when the paralytic effect of other BTX‐As was worn off. Moreover, the paralytic effect of A/Chin was confirmed as muscle atrophy while hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed. In conclusion, compared with other BTX‐As, A/Chin showed rapid and steady time‐to‐peak paralytic effect and long‐term paralytic efficacy at the same dose level. And it might lay a solid foundation for further wide application of A/Chin in both clinical and cosmetic areas.
Detailed chemical analysis of a fully formulated oil using dielectric barrier discharge ionisation–mass spectrometry
Authors: Basham Vincent , Hancock Tom , McKendrick John , Tessarolo Nathalia , Wicking Chrissie 
Published: April 2022

RationaleFully formulated oils (FFOs) are integral to automotive lubrication; however, detailed compositional analysis is challenging due to high levels of chemical complexity. In particular, existing mass spectrometric approaches often target particular FFO components, leading to poor analytical coverage of the overall formulation, with increased overheads and analytical timescales.MethodsHerein we report the application of a commercially available SICRIT SC‐20 dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source and Thermo Fisher Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL to the analysis of an FFO. Nitrogen was used as a discharge gas for the DBDI source, and was modified using a range of commonplace solvents to tailor the experimental conditions for the analysis of various components.ResultsThe reported method allowed analysis of a range of FFO components of interest, encompassing a wide range of chemistries, in under 1 min. By modifying the discharge gas used for ionisation, experiments could be optimised for the analysis of particular FFO components across positive and negative ion modes. In particular, use of water vapour as a discharge gas modifier with positive ion mode mass spectrometry permitted concomitant analysis of antioxidants and base oil hydrocarbons. Furthermore, case studies of selected linear alkanes and alkenes profile the differences in the range of ions formed across these saturated and unsaturated aliphatic compounds, giving insight into the fate of base oil hydrocarbons in FFO analyses.ConclusionsA rapid method for analysis of FFO compositions has been developed and provides coverage of a range of components of interest. The results indicate that the method presented may be of utility in analysis of other FFOs or similarly challenging complex mixtures.
Does the level of financial development affect renewable energy? Evidence from developed countries with system generalized method of moments (System‐GMM) and cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS‐ARDL)
Authors: Saygın Oğuz , İskenderoğlu Ömer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relationship between financial development and energy consumption is the most frequently research subject in economy and finance. The main objective of conducting this paper is to answer does financial development have an impact on renewable energy in developed countries? Many papers performed in energy literature, the findings were pointing to the existence of this kind of relationship. In order to examine the relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption, a total of 23 developed countries, benefited from annual frequency data between 1990 and 2015. In addition to the widely used system generalized method of moments estimation method, models are also estimated with modern estimators using the cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag. As a result of the analysis performed indicates that there is a strong relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption in developed countries when financial development is measured using banking variables. Otherwise, the estimated coefficients on stock market variables are negative and none of them found statistically significant in all models. These findings are consistent for both estimators.
Effect of methane on magnetron sputtering graphite target deposited films and tribological properties of a‐C:H:Ti/a‐C:H friction pairs
Authors: Wen Xinyu , Lai Zhenguo , Zhang Bin , Wang Xin , Wang Yuan Yuan , Gao Kaixiong , Tao Caihong 
Published: April 2022

In this study, we prepared a‐C:H films with different nanostructures at different methane flow rates. The effect of the methane flow rate on the tribological properties of 440 steel/a‐C:H friction pairs and a‐C:H:Ti/a‐C:H friction pairs in an atmospheric environment was studied by a reciprocating friction machine. The results show that there is no relationship between the tribological properties of 440 steel/a‐C:H friction pair and methane flow rate. The tribological performance of the a‐C:H:Ti/a‐C:H friction pair was greatly improved. In particular, in the friction pair of a‐C:H:Ti/a‐C:H with a methane flow rate of 20 sccm, superlubricity is shown, and the wear rate is only 4.04 × 10−9 mm3/Nm. After tribological experiments, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and other characterization methods were used to study the relationship between the nanostructure and tribological properties of a‐C:H:Ti films and a‐C:H prepared with different methane flow rates. This study is great significance to the application of a‐C:H:Ti/a‐C:H friction pair in mechanical parts under atmospheric environment.
A conceptual framework for gender and climate mainstreaming to mitigate water inaccessibility in ruralsub‐SaharanAfrica
Authors: Apatinga Gervin A. , Schuster‐Wallace Corinne J. , Dickson‐Anderson Sarah E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvidence underscores that water inaccessibility in rural sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) disproportionately affects women due to patriarchal gender norms and practices. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals 5 (Gender Equality) and 6 (Water and Sanitation), globally driven efforts and initiatives are set against a backdrop of empowering women, improving rural water accessibility, and reducing water‐related risks. Furthermore, climate change is altering spatiotemporal patterns of water availability and quality. A thematic analysis of the literature was conducted through Scopus and Web of Science to identify drivers and consequences of as well as coping strategies for water (in)accessibility in rural SSA. A conceptual framework was developed to better understand and assess research gaps and points of intervention for gender and climate mainstreaming in mitigation strategies that reduce the impacts of water inaccessibility in rural SSA. Findings show that complex intersecting factors underlie water inaccessibility—and responses—among rural women in SSA. The complex socio‐ecological interlinkages among climate change, water, and gender are discussed and a case is made for more integrative research (including dimensions of vulnerability, impacts, and effective grassroots strategies and co‐benefits) to inform policy, planning, and practice.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Water, Health, and SanitationScience of Water > Water and Environmental ChangeHuman Water > Rights to Water
Screening Tool for Anti-money Laundering Supervision
Authors: Koprivec Filip , Kržmanc Gregor , Škrjanc Maja , Kenda Klemen , Novak Erik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEfficient screening of transactions provides an empowering tool for anti-money laundering procedures and actions. Automatic classification and detection of anomalous behaviours and transaction structures enable faster and more effective action on the side of the supervisory authority. This chapter introduces research achievements and tools developed to streamline transaction monitoring and ease domain experts with automatic and semi-automatic filtering of risky transaction typologies. Presented tools are integrated as part of PAMLS (Platform for Anti-Money Laundering Supervision) to streamline and automate the discovery of risky behaviours in bank transaction data enriched with relevant company information. Enriched transactional data is pseudo-anonymized with respect to the legal and regulatory framework. Screening tool as a part of PAMLS platform automatically detects and marks specific predefined scenarios using newly developed state-of-the-art AI method tailored specifically to time-evolving transaction graphs in transaction data. Easy-to-use tools, early warning system and subsequent parameterized queries with additional white-listed scenarios provide domain experts with additional data to easily explore suggested dangerous transaction groups and make more informed decisions and further action, be it at a level of a specific financial institution or a cluster of them.
Overview of Applicable Regulations in Digital Finance and Supporting Technologies
Authors: Assentian Ilesh Dattani , Ituarte Aranda Nuria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFinancial regulation has changed significantly in the 10 years since the global financial crisis. Tougher, more detailed and more complex standards now apply to all aspects of regulation. In more recent times that regulation has been increasingly influenced by the widespread deployment of fintech introducing new services and applications whilst transforming how consumers interact with the more traditional existing banking services. This chapter introduces the context and focus of this most recent regulatory and supervisory authorities and highlights some of the key regulatory initiatives, existing and ongoing, designed to manage the key risks posed by the disruptive nature of the rapid digital transformation occurring in the sector. Technologies designed to sup-port aspects of these regulations are highlighted as part of practical guidance to support innovators in the sector and for those in the sector considering developing or deploying the increasing plethora of new applications utilizing emerging technologies like AI or distributed ledger technologies.
Architectural Patterns for Data Pipelines in Digital Finance and Insurance Applications
Authors: Burgos Diego , Kranas Pavlos , Jimenez-Peris Ricardo , Mahíllo Juan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a holistic solution to the issue of data pipelining that ingest data as fast as needed, works with current and historic data, handles efficiently aggregates, and can handle them at any scale. This holistic solution minimizes the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the storage systems needed to develop a data pipeline and minimizes the execution time of the data pipeline. In this direction, the chapter presents a range of architectural patterns for data pipelining and illustrates how the presented solution boosts their simplification and optimization.
Efficient and Accelerated KYC Using Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Kapsoulis Nikolaos , Litke Antonis , Soldatos John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the rapid digital transformation of banks and financial institutions, state-of-the-art Know Your Customer (KYC) processes still require customers to provide multiple artifacts to the different banks they collaborate with. In an era where data sharing is facilitated from a technological and a regulatory point of view, there is huge potential for improving the efficiency of KYC processes. However, this requires a trustful environment for exchanging data across the various stakeholders, including customers, banks, and other financial organizations. This chapter illustrates how blockchain technology can be used to foster such a trusted environment. It also presents the implementation of a decentralized KYC solution over the Hyperledger Fabric permissioned blockchain infrastructure.