bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of trigeminocardiac reflex-induced severe bradycardia during cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery by topical anesthesia of the dura surface and atropine administration: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Akari , Seki Takafumi , Aratani Yuichi , Tanioku Tadashi , Kawamata Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) by stimulation of the sensory branch of the trigeminal nerve induces transient bradycardia and hypotension. We report a case in which light mechanical stimulation to the dura mater during brain surgery induced severe bradycardia.

Case presentation
A 77-year-old woman with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome was scheduled for clipping of an unruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. General anesthesia was performed with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium. Before starting surgery, the function of the pyramidal tract was examined by motor evoked potential. Transcranial electric stimulation for motor evoked potential induced atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Continuous administration of landiolol was started and verapamil was used for tachycardia. During detachment of the dura mater from the bone, an electrocardiogram suddenly showed sinus arrest for 6 s. Immediately after the manipulation was interrupted, a junctional rhythm appeared. However, light touch to the dura mater induced severe bradycardia again, and atropine was therefore administered. In addition, the dura surface was anesthetized with topical lidocaine infiltration. After that, light touch-induced bradycardia was prevented.

Conclusions
We experienced a case of severe bradycardia during surgery due to TCR caused by light mechanical stimulation to the dura mater. Topical anesthesia of the dura surface and atropine administration were effective for preventing TCR-induced bradycardia.
Antiviral activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid against variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Sakura Takaya , Sakurai Yasuteru , Kurosaki Yohei , Inaoka Daniel Ken , Shioda Norifumi , Yasuda Jiro , Kita Kiyoshi , Morita Kouichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began to emerge in 2020 and have been spreading globally during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite the presence of different COVID-19 vaccines, the discovery of effective antiviral therapeutics for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are still urgently needed. A natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), has exhibited both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In a previous study, we demonstrated an in vitro antiviral effect of 5-ALA against SARS-CoV-2 infection without significant cytotoxicity. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether 5-ALA with or without sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) can inhibit in vitro both the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta strains.MethodsThe antiviral activity of ALA with or without SFC was determined in Vero-E6 cell. The virus inhibition was quantified by real time RT-PCR.ResultsCo-administration of 5-ALA and SFC inhibited the Wuhan, Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 with IC50values of 235, 173 and 397 µM, respectively, and the Beta and Gamma variants with IC50values of 1311 and 1516 µM.ConclusionOur study suggests that 5-ALA with SFC warrants accelerated clinical evaluation as an antiviral drug candidate for treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Loss-of-function mutation in Pcsk1 increases serum APOA1 level and LCAT activity in mice
Authors: Khan Aleksandra Aljakna , Kim Nakyung , Korstanje Ron , Choi Seungbum 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The convertase subtilisin/kexin family 1 gene (PCSK1) has been associated in various human genetics studies with a wide spectrum of metabolic phenotypes, including early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, diabetes insipidus, and others. Despite the evident influence of PCSK1 on obesity and the known functions of other PCSKs in lipid metabolism, the role of PCSK1 specifically in lipid and cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of loss of PCSK1 function on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in mice.

Results
HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) levels in serum and liver, and the activities of two enzymes (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, LCAT and phospholipid transfer protein, PLTP) were evaluated in 8-week-old mice with a non-synonymous single nucleotide mutation leading to an amino acid substitution in PCSK1, which results in a loss of protein’s function. Mutant mice had similar serum HDL cholesterol concentration but increased levels of serum total and mature APOA1, and LCAT activity in comparison to controls.

Conclusions
This study presents the first evaluation of the role of PCSK1 in HDL metabolism using a loss-of-function mutant mouse model. Further investigations will be needed to determine the underlying molecular mechanism.
Randomized Trial of Radiotherapy Versus Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Long-Term Results of the ORATOR Trial
Authors: Nichols Anthony C. , Theurer Julie , Prisman Eitan , Read Nancy , Berthelet Eric , Tran Eric , Fung Kevin , de Almeida John R. , Bayley Andrew , Goldstein David P. , Hier Michael , Sultanem Khalil , Richardson Keith , Mlynarek Alex , Krishnan Suren , Le Hien , Yoo John , MacNeil S. Danielle , Winquist Eric , Hammond J. Alex , Venkatesan Varagur , Kuruvilla Sara , Warner Andrew , Mitchell Sylvia , Chen Jeff , Corsten Martin , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie , Odell Michael , Parker Christina , Wehrli Bret , Kwan Keith , Palma David A. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has risen rapidly, because of an epidemic of human papillomavirus infection. The optimal management of early-stage OPSCC with surgery or radiation continues to be a clinical controversy. Long-term randomized data comparing these paradigms are lacking. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with T1-T2, N0-2 (≤ 4 cm) OPSCC to radiotherapy (RT) (with chemotherapy if N1-2) versus transoral robotic surgery plus neck dissection (TORS + ND) (with or without adjuvant therapy). The primary end point was swallowing quality of life (QOL) at 1-year using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory. Secondary end points included adverse events, other QOL outcomes, overall survival, and progression-free survival. All analyses were intention-to-treat. Herein, we present long-term outcomes from the trial. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were randomly assigned (n = 34 per arm) between August 10, 2012, and June 9, 2017. Median follow-up was 45 months. Longitudinal MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory analyses demonstrated statistical superiority of RT arm over time ( P = .049), although the differences beyond 1 year were of smaller magnitude than at the 1-year timepoint (year 2: 86.0 ± 13.5 in the RT arm v 84.8 ± 12.5 in the TORS + ND arm, P = .74; year 3: 88.9 ± 11.3 v 83.3 ± 13.9, P = .12). These differences did not meet the threshold to qualify as a clinically meaningful change at any timepoint. Certain differences in QOL concerns including more pain and dental concerns in the TORS + ND arm seen at 1 year resolved at 2 and 3 years; however, TORS patients started to use more nutritional supplements at 3 years ( P = .015). Dry mouth scores were higher in RT patients over time ( P = .041). CONCLUSION On longitudinal analysis, the swallowing QOL difference between primary RT and TORS + ND approaches persists but decreases over time. Patients with OPSCC should be informed about the pros and cons of both treatment options (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01590355 ).
Early Local Therapy for the Primary Site in De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (E2108)
Authors: Khan Seema A. , Zhao Fengmin , Goldstein Lori J. , Cella David , Basik Mark , Golshan Mehra , Julian Thomas B. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Lee Christine A. , Razaq Wajeeha , Sparano Joseph A. , Babiera Gildy V. , Dy Irene A. , Jain Sarika , Silverman Paula , Fisher Carla S. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Wagner Lynne I. , Sledge George W. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Distant metastases are present in 6% or more of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. In this context, locoregional therapy for the intact primary tumor has been hypothesized to improve overall survival (OS), but clinical trials have reported conflicting results. METHODS Women presenting with metastatic breast cancer and an intact primary tumor received systemic therapy for 4-8 months; if no disease progression occurred, they were randomly assigned to locoregional therapy for the primary site (surgery and radiotherapy per standards for nonmetastatic disease) or continuing sysmetic therapy. The primary end point was OS; locoregional control and quality of life were secondary end points. The trial design provided 85% power to detect a 19.3% absolute difference in the 3-year OS rate in randomly assigned patients. The stratified log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used to compare OS between arms. Cumulative incidence of locoregional progression was compared using Gray's test. Quality-of-life assessment used standard instruments. RESULTS Of 390 participants enrolled, 256 were randomly assigned: 131 to continued systemic therapy and 125 to early locoregional therapy. The 3-year OS was 67.9% without and 68.4% with early locoregional therapy (hazard ratio = 1.11; 90% CI, 0.82 to 1.52; P = .57). The median OS was 53.1 months (95% CI, 47.9 to not estimable) in the systemic therapy arm and 54.9 months (95% CI, 46.7 to not estimable) in the locoregional therapy arm. Locoregional progression was less frequent in those randomly assigned to locoregional therapy (3-year rate: 16.3% v 39.8%; P < .001). Quality-of-life measures were largely similar between arms. CONCLUSION Early locoregional therapy for the primary site did not improve survival in patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer. Although it was associated with improved locoregional control, this had no overall impact on quality of life.
Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Engaging in Tobacco Cessation Counseling at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Rodgers-Melnick Samuel N. , Zanotti Kristine , Lee Richard T. , Webb Hooper Monica 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: To address challenges promoting tobacco cessation in oncology settings, it is important to understand characteristics associated with patient engagement in tobacco cessation treatment. This analysis examined predictors of participating in at least one tobacco cessation counseling session among patients referred to a comprehensive cancer center's Tobacco Intervention and Psychosocial Support (TIPS) service. METHODS: Patients with cancer who reported current smoking or recently quitting and referred to TIPS between June 2017 and February 2020 were included in the analysis. Independent variables included sex, race and ethnicity, insurance type, cancer diagnosis (tobacco-related or not), age, nicotine dependence, and cigarettes smoked per day at baseline. The outcome variable was completion of at least one tobacco cessation counseling session among those assessed by the TIPS program. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses tested associations between the independent variables and tobacco cessation counseling engagement. RESULTS: Of 360 oncology patients referred to the TIPS program, 224 (62.2%) were assessed and 120 (33%) engaged in at least one counseling session. After controlling for sociodemographics and tobacco use, the results demonstrated that patients diagnosed with tobacco-related cancers were 45.3% less likely to engage in the tobacco cessation program compared with those with non–tobacco-related cancers ( P = .041). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with tobacco-related cancers were less likely to engage in TIPS. Additional therapeutic resources may be needed to engage these patients to address potential explanatory factors, such as stigma, guilt, and fatalism. More research is needed to explore the impact of a tobacco-related cancer diagnosis on treatment engagement.
A discrete event simulation-based methodology for building a digital twin of patient pathways in the hospital for near real-time monitoring and predictive simulation
Authors: Karakra Abdallah , Fontanili Franck , Lamine Elyes , Lamothe Jacques 
Published: January 2022

Background: Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is one of the many tools and methods used in the analysis and improvement of healthcare services. Indeed, DES provides perhaps the most powerful and intuitive method for analyzing, evaluating, and improving complex healthcare systems. This paper highlights the process of developing a Digital Twin (DT) framework based on online DES to run the DES model in parallel with the real world in real-time. Methods: This paper suggests a new methodology that uses DES connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to build a DT platform of patient pathways in a hospital for near real-time monitoring and predictive simulation. An experimental platform that mimics the behavior of a hospital has been used to validate this methodology. Results: The application of the proposed methodology allowed us to test the monitoring functionality in the DT. Therefore, we noticed that the DT behaves exactly as the emulator does in near real-time, we also tested the prediction functionality and we noticed that the DT provides us with a proactive overview for the near future of the patient pathways. The predictive functionality of this DT must be improved depending on the various reasons mentioned in this article. Conclusions: This paper presents a new methodology called HospiT'Win that uses DES and IoT devices to develop a DT of patient pathways in hospitals. This DT consists of two real-time models, a DT for Monitoring (DTM) and a DT for Predicting (DTP). An experimental platform with an emulator of a real hospital was used to validate this methodology before connecting to the real hospital. In the DTP, "dynamic" empirical distributions were used to perform a predictive simulation for the near future. In future research, some additional features and machine learning algorithms will be used to improve the proposed DT models.
Follow-up care in children and young people diagnosed with concussion: a commentary
Authors: Ramsay Scott 
Published: January 2022

Background:Follow-up visits after a concussion are important in the children and young people for ensuring good health outcomes.Aims:This commentary will briefly detail the factors associated with children and young people obtaining follow-up care, review the evidence supporting the benefits of follow-up care after concussion and discuss opportunities for improving follow-up care in the paediatric population.Findings:Data suggest that whether or not children and young people receive follow-up care varies. Children and young people are under-represented in investigations into follow-up care after concussion.Conclusions:More research is needed on how follow-up care after concussion affects health outcomes in children and young people. The form that follow-up care should take, particularly in light of the pandemic, also requires further research.
Effects of epilepsy education on the academic achievement and quality of life of children with epilepsy
Authors: Sari Hatice Yildirim , Uzun Özge , Dündar Nihal Olgaç 
Published: January 2022

Background: Epilepsy can have a huge impact on children's quality of life and participation and attainment at school, particularly if the condition is poorly managed. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of education about disease and drug management given to children, their family and teachers on the academic success and quality of life of the child. Design: The study was a single group, pre-test, post-test, semi-experimental research study. Methods: The study was carried out in the paediatric neurology outpatient clinic of the Tepecik Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. The study sample comprised 65 people (25 patients, 25 parents and 15 teachers) who completed the pre-test and post-test assessments. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Quality of Life Scale in Children with Epilepsy and an academic achievement form were completed before the epilepsy education was given. Parents and children had training at the hospital. The teachers had telephone training. Some 3 months after the training, the scores for the Quality of Life Scale in Children with Epilepsy and the academic achievement form were reassessed. Findings: The comparison of the pre- and post-training Quality of Life scale scores of the children (p=0.000) and academic achievement scores of the children (p=0.017; n=15) demonstrated a significant increase. There was a significant difference between the quality of life scores of the participating children who received special education and those of the children who did not receive special education (p=0.007 and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that providing training on epilepsy, not only for children but also for their families and teachers, would be beneficial.
Innovation and invention: the role of virtual occupational therapy in the management of motor neurone disease
Authors: Ghosh Malabika , Cox Diane 
Published: January 2022

Background: Motor neurone disease (MND) is a progressive neurological condition with no known cure. Supportive management and symptom control by a multidisciplinary team forms the mainstay of treatment. Caring for patients with MND throughout the COVID-19 required service providers to think of ways to adapt the service in order to meet the acute and constantly changing needs of their service users within pandemic guidelines. Aims: This paper explores innovative changes within the occupational therapy service provision during the pandemic and how it supports the multidisciplinary team (MDT) working. It also evaluates the merits and disadvantages of using virtual technology in specific areas of occupational therapy intervention. Methods: A set of prioritisation criteria was developed to understand the rationale for virtual versus face-to-face input. A reflective process has been used to identify and evaluate innovative service provision in occupational therapy in the management of motor neurone disease. Findings: Virtual consultations were an effective way of providing certain aspects of occupational therapy input. Virtual consultations were found to be less effective during moving and handling assessments, complex environmental adaptations assessment and when managing complex cognitive presentations. During the pandemic there was a rise in referrals for cognitive behavioural management, a specialist area of expertise for occupational therapy in this clinical area. A holistic approach was paramount in meeting the evolving needs of patients across functional domains. Occupational therapy complemented the caring and supportive role of nurses and other members of the MDT in the management of MND. Conclusions: Occupational therapy input can support an MDT by providing valuable assessment of functional decline, specialist equipment, supporting cognitive-behavioural performance, restoring life roles and minimising the challenges imposed by the environment. Using virtual technology discernibly can be an invaluable approach to occupational therapy practice within an MDT setting for managing a progressive neurological condition, such as MND, during a pandemic.
How did UK policymaking in the COVID-19 response use science? Evidence from scientific advisers
Authors: Atkinson Paul , Mableson Hayley , Sheard Sally , Martindale Anne-Marie , Solomon Tom , Borek Aleksandra , Pilbeam Caitlin 
Published: January 2022

Background:Responses to COVID-19 have invested heavily in science. How this science was used is therefore important. Our work extends existing knowledge on the use of science in the pandemic by capturing scientific advisers’ experiences in real time.
Aims and objectives:Our aim was to present generalisable messages on key qualifications or difficulties involved in speaking of ‘following the science’.
Methods:Ninety-three interviews with UK scientific advisors and government officials captured their activities and perceptions during the pandemic in real time. We also examined Parliamentary Select Committee transcripts and government documents. This material was analysed for thematic content.
Findings and discussion:(1) Many scientists sought guidance from policymakers about their goals, yet the COVID-19 response demonstrated the absence of a clear steer, and a tendency to change course quickly; (2) many scientists did not want to offer policy advice, but rather to provide evidence; and (3) a range of knowledge informed the UK’s pandemic response: we examine which kinds were privileged, and demonstrate the absence of clarity on how government synthesised the different forms of evidence being used.
Conclusions:Understanding the reasons for a lack of clarity about policy goals would help us better understand the use of science in policy. Realisation that policy goals sometimes alter rapidly would help us better understand the logistics of scientific advice. Many scientists want their evidence to inform policy rather than determine the options selected. Since the process by which evidence leads to decisions is obscure, policy cannot be said to be evidence-based.
Pulsed light power stabilization of a semiconductor laser using a mixed analog-digital method with an acousto-optic modulator
Authors: Liu Chang , Prado Caio A. G. , Tang Chencheng , Zhong Zhipeng , Zhao Tian , Zhai Yueyang 
Published: January 2022

Diffraction beams produced by an acousto-optic modulator are widely used in various optical experiments, some of which need to modulate the radio-frequency drive signal to change the diffraction beams from continuous light to pulsed light. The generation of such pulsed light is open-loop, and long-term stability of the power is disregarded. In this paper, we introduce a method to suppress the pulsed light power drift of a semiconductor laser. By using the servo system, the low frequency power drift of 1–60 kHz pulsed light can be suppressed. This pulsed light power stabilization method can be applied to optical rotation detection and pulse pumping.