bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in genomic 5-hydroxymethyluracil and N6-methyladenine levels in the Drosophila melanogaster life cycle and in response to different temperature conditions
Authors: Starczak Marta , Gawronski Maciej , Wasilow Aleksandra , Mijewski Pawel , Olinski Ryszard , Gackowski Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the level of DNA modifications was investigated in three developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster (larvae, pupae, imago) and in an in vitro model (Schneider 2 cells). Analysis was carried out using two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Our method made it possible, for the first time, to analyze a broad spectrum of DNA modifications in the three stages of Drosophila. Each stage was characterized by a specific modification pattern, and the levels of these compounds fluctuated throughout the D. melanogaster life cycle. The level of DNA modification was also compared between insects bred at 25 °C (optimal temperature) and at 18 °C, and the groups differed significantly. The profound changes in N6-methyladenine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil levels during the Drosophila life cycle and as a result of breeding temperature changes indicate that these DNA modifications can play important regulatory roles in response to environmental changes and/or biological conditions. Moreover, the supplementation of Schneider 2 cells with 1 mM L-ascorbic acid caused a time-dependent increase in the level of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2′-deoxyuridine. These data suggest that a certain pool of this compound may arise from the enzymatic activity of the dTET protein.
An analysis of intestinal morphology and incretin-producing cells using tissue optical clearing and 3-D imaging
Authors: Hatoko Tomonobu , Harada Norio , Tokumoto Shinsuke , Yamane Shunsuke , Ikeguchi-Ogura Eri , Kato Tomoko , Yasuda Takuma , Tatsuoka Hisato , Shimazu-Kuwahara Satoko , Yabe Daisuke , Hayashi Yoshitaka , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTissue optical clearing permits detailed evaluation of organ three-dimensional (3-D) structure as well as that of individual cells by tissue staining and autofluorescence. In this study, we evaluated intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and enteroendocrine cells, such as incretin-producing cells, in reporter mice by intestinal 3-D imaging. 3-D intestinal imaging of reporter mice using optical tissue clearing enabled us to evaluate both detailed intestinal morphologies and cell numbers, villus length and crypt depth in the same samples. In disease mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice, the results of 3-D imaging using tissue optical clearing in this study was consistent with those of 2-D imaging in previous reports and could added the new data of intestinal morphology. In analysis of incretin-producing cells of reporter mice, we could elucidate the number, the percentage, and the localization of incretin-producing cells in intestine and the difference of those between L cells and K cells. Thus, we established a novel method of intestinal analysis using tissue optical clearing and 3-D imaging. 3-D evaluation of intestine enabled us to clarify not only detailed intestinal morphology but also the precise number and localization of IECs and incretin-producing cells in the same samples.
Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Sung Yeop , Park Jae Won , Park Jaehyeon , Yea Ji Woon , Oh Se An 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to fabricate a heterogeneous phantom replicating the commercial Rando phantom by mixing plaster powder and polylactic acid (PLA) powder. Producing a heterogeneous phantom using Plaster and PLA is cheaper because it can be easily obtained in the commercial market. Additionally, patient-specific Quality Assurance can be easily performed because the phantom can be produced based on the patient’s CT image. PLA has been well studied in the field of radiation therapy and was found to be safe and effective. To match the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the Rando phantom, the bone tissue was changed using plaster and 0–35% PLA powder until an appropriate HU value was obtained, and soft tissue was changed using the PLA infill value until an appropriate HU value was obtained. Bone tissue (200 HU or higher), soft issue (− 500 to 200 HU), and air cavity (less than − 500 HU) were modeled based on the HU values on the computed tomography (CT) image. The bone tissue was modeled as a cavity, and after three-dimensional (3D) printing, a solution containing a mixture of plaster and PLA powder was poured. To evaluate the bone implementation of the phantom obtained by the mixture of plaster and PLA powder, the HU profile of the CT images of the 3D-printed phantom using only PLA and the Rando phantom printed using only PLA was evaluated. The mean HU value for soft tissue in the Rando phantom (− 22.5 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the result obtained with an infill value of 82% (− 20 HU). The mean HU value for bone tissue (669 HU) showed the greatest similarity to the value obtained with 15% PLA powder (680 HU). Thus, for the phantom composed of plaster mixed with PLA powder, soft tissue was fabricated using a 3D printer with an infill value of 82%, and bone tissue was fabricated with a mixture containing 15% PLA powder. In the HU profile, this phantom showed a mean difference of 61 HU for soft tissue and 109 HU for bone tissue in comparison with the Rando phantom. The ratio of PLA powder and plaster can be adjusted to achieve an HU value similar to bone tissue. A simple combination of PLA powder and plaster enabled the creation of a custom phantom that showed similarities to the Rando phantom in both soft tissue and bone tissue.
Automated photo-aligned liquid crystal elastomer film fabrication with a low-tech, home-built robotic workstation
Authors: Grabowski Przemysław , Fabjanowicz Bartosz , Podgórska Magdalena , Rogóż Mikołaj , Wasylczyk Piotr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLaboratory procedures are often considered so unique that automating them is not economically justified – time and resources invested in designing, building and calibrating the machines are unlikely to pay off. This is particularly true if cheap labour force (technicians or students) is available. Yet, with increasing availability and dropping prices of many off-the-shelf components such as motorised stages, grippers, light sources (LEDs and lasers), detectors (high resolution, fast cameras), as well as user-friendly programmable microprocessors, many of the repeatable tasks may soon be within reach of either custom-built or universal lab robots. Building on our previous work on fabrication, characterization and applications of light-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) in micro-robotics and micro-mechanics, in this paper we present a robotic workstation that can make LCE films with arbitrary molecular orientation. Based on a commercial 3D printer, the RoboLEC (Robot for LCE fabrication) performs precision component handling, structured light illumination, liquid dispensing and UV-triggered polymerization, within a four-hour-long procedure. Thus fabricated films with patterned molecular orientation are compared to the same, but handmade, structures.
Tree species matter for forest microclimate regulation during the drought year 2018: disentangling environmental drivers and biotic drivers
Authors: Richter Ronny , Ballasus Helen , Engelmann Rolf A. , Zielhofer Christoph , Sanaei Anvar , Wirth Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTree canopies are considered to effectively buffer climate extremes and to mitigate climate change effects. Droughts, which are predicted to become more frequent in the course of climate change, might alter the microclimatic cooling potential of trees. However, our understanding of how microclimate at the tree canopy level is modulated by environmental and tree characteristics and their interactions is still limited. Here, we investigated canopy temperature regulation for five mature co-occurring tree species for two contrasting hydrological situations during the severe drought in 2018. Even though we observed a significant drought-induced decline in canopy cover and transpiration across tree species, we found evidence that differences in the water use strategies of trees affected cooling mechanisms differently. Although a large share of the variations in the cooling potential of trees was explained by direct and indirect effects of meteorological factors, we identified a gradual shift in importance from latent heat flux to components defining the magnitude of sensible heat flux on the energy budget of tree as the drought gained severity. The decrease in latent heat fluxes, approximated by sap flow rates, furthermore resulted in a reduced cooling potential and an equalization of tree species canopy temperatures.
Salinity effects on the strength and morphological indices of soft marine clay
Authors: Geng Weijuan , Han Wenxia , Yin Jie , Lu Zhijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the strength behaviors and morphological characteristics of Lianyungang marine clay under the effect of porewater salinity. Soil at higher salinity was found to have increased internal friction angle and undrained shear strength. The difference in undrained shear strength enlarges as the confining pressure increases. Different stress paths were exhibited with soil at different salinities. Soil morphology analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Image-Pro Plus (IPP) were employed to investigate the underlying mechanism of the enhanced strength behaviors of soft marine clay with increased salinity. Aggregated soil fabric was observed at higher salinity and contributed to enhanced strength. The results demonstrate that the aggregated soil structure is the primary mechanism responding to the enhanced strength behavior of marine clay under relatively high salinity (6%). Quantitative relationships were developed between the strength parameters and morphological characteristics of soil, i.e., area of particles, roundness of particles, area of pores, pore orientation, and fractal dimension of pore distribution, in the forms of empirical equations, and are expected to serve as the references for prediction in undrained behaviors of soft marine clays with known soil index.
The real-world selection of first-line systemic therapy regimen for metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Shun , Sakakibara Naoki , Hirano Hidekazu , Morizane Chigusa , Honma Yoshitaka , Hijioka Susumu , Okusaka Takuji , Higashi Takahiro , Kawai Akira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn November 2013, the first edition of evidence-based guidelines for treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) was published in Japan. However, whether medical practitioners have adopted the first-line regimens recommended for metastatic GEP-NEN in clinical practice is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to identify which first-line systemic therapy regimens have been selected and the proportion of cases that are adherent to the guidelines (i.e., number of patients receiving recommended therapy/total number of patients). We combined hospital-based cancer registry data and insurance claims-equivalent data for patients with GEP-NEN treated between January 2013 and December 2014 and extracted those with metastatic GEP-NEN who received systemic therapy. The proportions that were adherent with the guideline were calculated according to tumor classification (neuroendocrine tumor [NET] or neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC]), primary site (gastrointestinal or pancreatic), and hospital volume (high, medium, or low). The study included 109 patients with GEP-NET and 424 with GEP-NEC. Overall, guideline-adherent treatment was provided in only 54.8% of cases (58.1% for gastrointestinal NET, 63.6% for pancreatic NET, 56.6% for gastrointestinal NEC, and 44.9% for pancreatic NEC). The recommended therapy for GEP-NET was used in 16.5% of patients with GEP-NEC, and 21.5% received fluoropyrimidine-containing chemotherapy. This report is the first to describe real-world selection of first-line regimens for metastatic GEP-NEN. About half of all these patients received systemic therapy that was not recommended in the guidelines.
A Scoping Review on the Effects of Emotional Stimuli on Language Processing in People With Aphasia
Authors: Schwen Blackett Deena , Harnish Stacy M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Emotional stimuli have been shown to influence language processing (both language comprehension and production) in people with aphasia (PWA); however, this finding is not universally reported. Effects of emotional stimuli on language performance in PWA could have clinical and theoretical implications, yet the sparsity of studies and variability among them make it difficult to appraise the significance of this effect. The purpose of this scoping review was to (a) determine the extent and range of research examining the effect of emotional stimuli on language processing in PWA, (b) summarize and evaluate research findings, and (c) identify gaps in the literature that may warrant future study.

Method:
PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were systematically searched for articles that compared performance in response to emotional and nonemotional stimuli on at least one language measure in one or more adults with aphasia. Data related to methods and results were extracted from each article and charted in Excel.

Results:
Five hundred forty unique articles were found, and 18 articles, consisting of 19 studies, met inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review. Of the 19 studies included, 11 studies reported enhanced performance on a language task for emotional compared to nonemotional stimuli, seven reported no difference, and one reported worse performance for emotional compared to nonemotional stimuli. Possible modulating variables such as task type, measurement, stimulus characteristics, and sample characteristics are discussed along with gaps in the literature.

Conclusion:
The extent of research in this area is sparse; however, there does appear to be some early evidence for better performance in response to emotional over nonemotional stimuli in PWA for some, but not all, language processes investigated.
Comparing Complications of Biologic and Synthetic Mesh in Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Choi Young-Soo , You Hi-Jin , Lee Tae-Yul , Kim Deok-Woo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background In breast reconstruction, synthetic meshes are frequently used to replace acellular dermal matrix (ADM), since ADM is expensive and often leads to complications. However, there is limited evidence that compares the types of substitutes. This study aimed to compare complications between materials via a network meta-analysis.
Methods We systematically reviewed studies reporting any type of complication from 2010 to 2021. The primary outcomes were the proportion of infection, seroma, major complications, or contracture. We classified the intervention into four categories: ADM, absorbable mesh, nonabsorbable mesh, and nothing used. We then performed a network meta-analysis between these categories and estimated the odds ratio with random-effect models.
Results Of 603 searched studies through the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases, following their review by two independent reviewers, 61 studies were included for full-text reading, of which 17 studies were finally included. There was a low risk of bias in the included studies, but only an indirect comparison between absorbable and non-absorbable mesh was possible. Infection was more frequent in ADM but not in the two synthetic mesh groups, namely the absorbable or nonabsorbable types, compared with the nonmesh group. The proportion of seroma in the synthetic mesh group was lower (odds ratio was 0.2 for the absorbable and 0.1 for the nonabsorbable mesh group) than in the ADM group. Proportions of major complications and contractures did not significantly differ between groups.
Conclusion Compared with ADM, synthetic meshes have low infection and seroma rates. However, more studies concerning aesthetic outcomes and direct comparisons are needed.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Silently Presenting as Pneumothorax in Children with Leukemia: A Report of Three Cases.
Authors: Shah Krunal , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Arun , Kumar Nuthan , Kaushik Prakruthi , Thumallapalli Avinash , Kumari Bandagadde Srinivas Aruna , Appaji Lingegowda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAspergillosis causes invasive pulmonary disease in patients with hematological malignancies. Children with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) usually have nonspecific radiographic findings unlike cavitary lesions commonly seen in adults. Pneumothorax due to rupture of peripheral fungal lesion may be a severe complication in patients with neutropenia. Here, we describe three children during induction chemotherapy for B-lymphoblastic leukemia with pneumothorax as a presenting feature of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Prospective Observational Study of Evaluating Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Patients
Authors: Halani Pooja D. , Gupta Rajdeep J. , Shah Akash M. , Alurkar Shirish S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and carboplatin are two of the most widely used drugs in cancer today. They display wide range of adverse reactions; among them, ototoxicity is an important cumulative toxicity that more commonly observed with cisplatin. At a later stage, it can affect speech of individual and lead to communication problem with decreased cognitive function and depression in cancer survivors. Periodic monitoring of hearing loss with pure-tone audiometry (PTA) provides early evidence of ototoxicity which may decrease debilitating effect of the same in a patient.
Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We also investigated its severity, reversibility, and other modifying risk factors.
Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective observational descriptive type of epidemiological study. The study was conducted over 80 randomly selected cancer patients (for estimation of sample size, the following formula was used n = [Zα
2
PQ] / d
2), who were starting with their first cycle of cisplatin from August 2018 to July 2020. This study was conducted at tertiary cancer care center in western Gujarat which caters patients from all over India. We performed PTA in all randomized patients at baseline and periodically. We classified hearing loss according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
Results A total of 30% (n = 24) patients developed cisplatin-induced ototoxicity according to WHO criteria at end of 3 months after starting the first cycle of cisplatin. It was sensory neuronal, affecting both the ears equally, and was seen predominantly at high frequency. We observed hearing loss at 3 months to be significantly more common in the 301 to 400 mg/m2 cumulative dose group (47%), as compared with the other two groups (0–200 mg/m2 and 201–300 mg/m2; p < 0.05). It showed dose dependency with cisplatin. In the multivariate step-wise regression model, baseline hearing loss (odds ratio [OR] = 17.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.57–118.91, p < 0.05) and cumulative cisplatin dose of more than 300 mg/m2 were significantly associated with hearing loss at 3 months (OR = 6.62, 95% CI: 2.33–18.74, p < 0.05).
Conclusion Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity manifests as a bilateral high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Cumulative dose of cisplatin is an important predictor of development of ototoxicity. Baseline and periodic audiometric monitoring could detect ototoxicity early which leads to possible limitation on the severity of ototoxicity.
A Longitudinal Study to Reexamine the Mental Health Impact on Radiation Oncology Health Care Workers with the Launch of COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in India
Authors: Wadasadawala Tabassum , Kumar Anuj , Laskar Sarbani G. , Mokal Smruti , Kapoor Rakesh , Das Abhijit , Pradhan Satyajit , Pujari Lincoln , Mahantshetty Umesh , Vadgaonkar Rohit , Agarwal Jai P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) catastrophe caused significant mental threats to health care workers (HCW), especially during the first wave of the pandemic. India successfully implemented vaccination strategies in January 2021 that is likely to ameliorate the mental health impact of HCWs. The current survey aims to identify the change in impact following vaccination and address the issues affecting mental health.Objective The primary objective is to reevaluate the stress levels of radiation oncology HCWs with vaccine implementation and compare it with the mental health status at the onset of the pandemic. The secondary objective is to identify the current causative factors influencing mental health.Materials and Methods Health care workers who participated in the initial mental health impact survey at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to July 2020 were included in this study. Two hundred eligible HCWs were reassessed of the total 363 initial assessments. The 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 22-item Impact of Events Scale-revised (IES-R) was again served for assessing anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Mc Nemar test was used to evaluate the change and significance of the mental health impact. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the causative factors affecting mental health.Results The cohort's median age was 30 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 27–33). The incidence of moderate-to-severe level anxiety, depression, and stress significantly declined to 6.5% (p = 0.031), 9% (p = 0.01), and 19% (p < 0.001) compared with 39.5, 40.5, and 30.5% during the pandemic onset. On further analysis, HCWs with affected family members had higher levels of stress (p = 0.002). The rest of the parameters did not have significant impact on mental health outcomes.Conclusion With public education, awareness, and vaccination strategies, the second follow-up survey conducted after vaccine implementation demonstrated a significant number of HCWs in the radiation oncology community, exhibiting a decline in the incidence of anxiety, depression, and stress levels compared with the initial wave of the pandemic.