bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure patterns after intravascular brachytherapy for in‐stent coronary restenosis
Authors: Wallner Kent , Kearney Kathleen E. , Kim Minsun , Tiwana Jasleen , Elison David , Kim Edward Y. , Parvathaneni Upendra , Lombardi William L. , Phillips Mark L. , Don Creighton 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionOne strategy to improve the effectiveness of intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) is to study its failures. Previous investigations described mostly discrete, focal recurrences, typically at the proximal or distal edges of the irradiated segment after plain angioplasty or bare metal stents. We reviewed failure patterns of 30 unselected drug‐eluting stent (DES) patients who had follow‐up angiograms for recurrence within their IVBT‐treated vessel.MethodsRecords of 53 unselected IVBT patients treated between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Thirty of the 53 patients had at least one subsequent percutaneous intervention (PCI) for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) after IVBT. Angiographic findings of those 30 patients with ISR within their previously irradiated vessel are reported here.ResultsOf the 30 patients, 21 (70%) developed recurrent ISR within the irradiated segment. Six of the 21 patients who failed within the irradiated segment also experienced ISR proximal or distal to the irradiated segment. Only 15 patients (50%) failed exclusively within the irradiated segment. In nine patients (30%), restenosis occurred proximally and/or distally to the irradiated segment, but not inside of the irradiated segment itself.ConclusionsWe have shown here that 50% of failures after coronary IVBT for DES ISR occur exclusively within the irradiated segment. An additional 20% of patients had failure within and outside of the irradiated segment. These percentages suggest that a higher radiation dose might improve the long‐term patency rates, a conclusion that should be tempered by the lack of universal follow‐up.
Lastabtragende Klebungen für aussteifende Verglasungen mit Absturzsicherung
Authors: Giese-Hinz Johannes , Nicklisch Felix , Baitinger Mascha , Reichert Jasmin , Weller Bernhard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLastabtragende Klebungen sind in der Lage, Dauer‐, Kurzzeit‐ und Stoßbelastungen zu übertragen. Sie ermöglichen neue und innovative Konstruktionen. Aufgrund des Alterungsverhaltens der geklebten Verbindung sind jedoch Umwelteinflüsse bei der Bemessung zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Aussteifungselements aus Glas mit Absturzsicherung, bei dem Klebungen einen maßgeblichen Beitrag zum Abtrag der unterschiedlich lang einwirkenden Lasten leisten. Teil der Entwicklung ist ein experimentelles Testprogramm sowie eine numerische Simulation mit Volumenelementen und Feder. Das Ergebnis ist ein einsatzbereites geklebtes Aussteifungselement und dessen Bemessungskonzept.Load‐bearing bonding for in‐plane loaded glass balustrades. Load‐bearing adhesives are capable of transmitting permanent, short‐term and impact loads. They enable new and innovative designs. However, due to the aging behaviour of the bonded joint, environmental influences have to be taken into account in the design. This article shows the development of a new type of stiffening balustrade which is in‐plane loaded and made of glass. Bonding makes a significant contribution to the transfer of loads acting over different periods of time. Part of the development is an experimental test program as well as a numerical simulation with solid elements and springs. The result is a ready‐to‐use bonded stiffening element and its design concept.
Synthesis of novel green phosphate pigments with phosphophyllite composition
Authors: Onoda Hiroaki , Kanemoto Rina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new green pigment with the composition of phosphophyllite was synthesized using zinc oxide, iron oxalate, and phosphoric acid in a hydrothermal process. The effects of hydrothermal treatment temperature and time were investigated. In order to obtain pigments with a variety of colors, compounds with related compositions were also prepared. Further, samples were prepared with nitrogen bubbling to suppress the oxidation of iron. The composition of the fabricated samples was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectra. The color of the samples was evaluated by ultraviolet‐visible reflectance spectra and L*a*b* color space. The samples prepared in this study were a mixture of Zn2Fe(PO4)2•2H2O, the target compound, and iron oxalate, the raw material. The obtained samples were yellow to green in color. The condition that yielded the best green pigment was hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 20 h with nitrogen bubbling.
Room‐Temperature‐Observable Interconversion Between Si(IV) and Si(II) via Reversible Intramolecular Insertion Into an Aromatic C−C Bond
Authors: Eisner Teresa , Kostenko Arseni , Hanusch Franziska , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn easily isolable silacycloheptatriene (silepin) 1 b was synthesized from the reaction of a N‐heterocyclic imino (IPrN) substituted tribromosilane IPrNSiBr3 with the sterically congested bis(trimethylsilyl)triisopropylsilyl silanide KSi(TMS)2Si(iPr)3 (BTTPS). In solution, the Si(IV) silepin 1 b is in a thermodynamic equilibrium with the acyclic Si(II) silylene 1 a. The relative concentration of the Si(II) or Si(IV) isomers can be controlled by temperature variation and observed by variable temperature NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. DFT calculations show a small reaction barrier for the Si(II)⇌Si(IV) interconversion and a small energy gap between the Si(II) and Si(IV) species. The reactivity of 1 a/b is demonstrated on a variety of small molecules.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of the Thiazole Positional Isomers of a Potent HIV‐1 Entry Inhibitor NBD‐14270
Authors: Kurkin Alexander V. , Curreli Francesca , Iusupov Ildar R. , Spiridonov Evgeniy A. , Ahmed Shahad , Markov Pavel O. , Manasova Ekaterina V. , Altieri Andrea , Debnath Asim K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) plays a critical role in virus entry to the cells by binding to the host cellular protein CD4. Earlier, we reported the design and discovery of a series of highly potent small‐molecule entry antagonists containing a thiazole ring (Scaffold A). Since this thiazole ring connected with an ethyl amide linkage represents the molecule‘s flexible part, we decided to explore substituting Scaffold A with two other positional isomers of the thiazole ring (Scaffold B and C) to evaluate their effect on the antiviral potency and cellular toxicity. Here we report the novel synthesis of two sets of positional thiazole isomers of the NBD‐14270 by retrosynthetic analysis approach, their anti‐HIV‐1 activity, cellular toxicity, and structure‐activity relationships. The study revealed that Scaffold A provided the best HIV‐1 inhibitors with higher potency and better selectivity index (SI).
Evaluation of Deutetrabenazine's Potential to Delay Cardiac Repolarization Using Concentration‐QTc Analysis
Authors: Schneider Frank , Darpo Borje , Loupe Pippa S. , Xue Hongqi , Knebel Helena , Gutierrez Maria , Gordon Mark Forrest , Rabinovich‐Guilatt Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeutetrabenazine (Austedo) is indicated in adults for chorea associated with Huntington disease and tardive dyskinesia. Escalating deutetrabenazine doses were administered to healthy volunteers who were cytochrome P450 2D6 extensive/intermediate metabolizers (EMs) or poor metabolizers (PMs) to determine pharmacokinetic exposure of parent drug and active metabolites (α‐dihydrotetrabenazine [α‐HTBZ] and β‐dihydrotetrabenazine [β‐HTBZ]), and collect corresponding electrocardiograms (ECGs) for evaluation of the cardiodynamic effect using concentration‐QTc (C‐QTc) modeling. Participants (12 EMs, 24 PMs) received placebo or single doses of deutetrabenazine (24, 48, and 72 mg) to achieve plasma concentrations exceeding therapeutic range in both cohorts. Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained over 72 hours after dosing and were time matched with 12‐lead ECGs extracted from continuous ECG recordings. C‐QTc analysis, using linear mixed‐effects modeling and model selection procedure, characterized the relationship between plasma concentrations of deutetrabenazine, deuterated α‐HTBZ and β‐HTBZ, and the change from baseline in QT interval corrected using Fridericia's formula. Deutetrabenazine exhibited linear kinetics, and a C‐QTc model with deuterated α‐HTBZ and β‐HTBZ was selected to best describe the C‐QTc relationship in pooled EM and PM data. This model predicted a placebo‐corrected Fridericia corrected QT interval prolongation higher than 10 milliseconds can be excluded at concentrations associated with the maximum recommended doses in both populations. Adverse events increased with higher exposure as reflected by the higher event number in the PM cohort receiving 48 and 72 mg doses. No subject discontinued due to cardiac‐related adverse events and no clinically relevant ECG findings were reported. Thus, this study found that deutetrabenazine does not have a clinically relevant effect on QT prolongation at maximum recommended doses in either cytochrome P450 2D6 EMs or PMs.
Computing the effect of measurement errors on ranked set sampling estimators of the population mean
Authors: Vishwakarma Gajendra , Singh Abhishek 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe effect of measurement errors shows the seriousness of the estimators or the estimation procedures and cannot be avoided in sensitive cases because “a miss is as good as a mile.” In this article, we have proposed the very first ranked set estimators like unbiased, ratio, product, difference, ratio exponential, and product exponential estimators under both correlated and uncorrelated measurement errors. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators are obtained up to the first order of approximation. The proposed ranked set estimators have been compared through relative efficiencies over unbiased estimators and the effect of measurement errors has been given through percentage computation of measurement errors. The theoretical conditions are obtained under which the proposed estimator has performed better. The performance of the proposed ranked set estimators under measurement errors are shown by efficiency comparisons, Monte‐Carlo simulation study, and real data study.
Simulating fruit tree growth, structure, and physiology using L‐systems
Authors: DeJong Theodore 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSimulation modeling of perennial fruit tree growth, structure, and physiology over multiple years is particularly difficult and has lagged behind modeling of other crops because fruit trees are indeterminate organisms that grow over several growing seasons, vary widely among individuals, and have their structures modified by variable pruning practices. Nearly 30 yr of research have been devoted to developing a mechanistic, virtual tree model to simulate peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit tree growth, structure, and physiology. Details of much of this work have been published in several research papers in a variety of journals over a couple decades. The goal of this review is to report on the entire project and provide an overview of the approach we took in such an endeavor. This review contains excerpts of numerous previously published papers and some comments and conclusions about the value of the modeling that has occurred.
Partial observability and management of ecological systems
Authors: Williams Byron K. , Brown Eleanor D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe actual state of ecological systems is rarely known with certainty, but management actions must often be taken regardless of imperfect measurement (partial observability). Because of the difficulties in accounting for partial observability, it is usually treated in an ad hoc fashion, or simply ignored altogether. Yet incorporating partial observability into decision processes lends a realism that has the potential to improve ecological outcomes significantly. We review frameworks for dealing with partial observability, focusing specifically on dynamic ecological systems with Markovian transitions, i.e., transitions among system states that are influenced by the current system state and management action over time. Fully observable states are represented in an observable Markov decision process (MDP), whereas obscure or hidden states are represented in a partially observable process (POMDP). POMDPs can be seen as a natural extension of observable MDPs. Management under partial observability generalizes the situation for complete observability, by recognizing uncertainty about the system's state and incorporating sequential observations associated with, but not the same as, the states themselves. Decisions that otherwise would depend on the actual state must be based instead on state probability distributions (“belief states”). Partial observability requires adaptation of the entire decision process, including the use of belief states and Bayesian updates, valuation that includes expectations over observations, and optimal strategy that identifies actions for belief states over a continuous belief space. We compare MDPs and POMDPs and highlight POMDP applications to some common ecological problems. We clarify the structure and operations, approaches for finding solutions, and analytic challenges of POMDPs for practicing ecologists. Both observable and partially observable MDPs can use an inductive approach to identify optimal strategies and values, with a considerable increase in mathematical complexity with POMDPs. Better understanding of POMDPs can help decision makers manage imperfectly measured ecological systems more effectively.
Red foxes enhance long‐term tree growth near the Arctic treeline
Authors: Lang Jessica A. , Roth James D. , Tardif Jacques C. , Markham John H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent climate warming is expected to increase tree growth and productivity, substantially altering ecological function and boundaries in northern ecosystems. Although climate largely determines the range and growth of trees in any biome, variations in microsite conditions can influence growth on a finer scale. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are found in most terrestrial ecosystems and are considered ecosystem engineers through their denning activities. Added soil nutrients from prey remains, feces, and urine could benefit tree growth on dens in subarctic regions by alleviating soil nutrient limitations. We examined growth in white spruce (Picea glauca) trees growing on eight red fox dens and paired control sites at the Arctic treeline. Radial growth was 55% higher for trees on dens than on control sites between 1897 and 2017, despite similarities in tree ages and densities. This enhanced growth was more pronounced in younger trees, consistent with the decrease in growth with age among all trees. By promoting tree growth near the treeline, red foxes may act as hotspots for tree reproduction. Although the impacts on tree growth largely depend on the spatial distribution of dens, predators can create distinct microhabitats across the landscape, leading to increased vegetation productivity, persisting over many decades.
Microbiosis in lung allotransplantation and xenotransplantation: State of the art and future perspective
Authors: Guohui Jiao , Kun Wu , Dong Tian , Ji Zhang , Dong Liu , Dong Wei , Jingyu Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe respiratory tract is known to harbor a microbial community including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. New techniques contribute enormously to the identification of unknown or culture‐independent species and reveal the interaction of the community with the host immune system. The existing respiratory microbiome and substantial equilibrium of the transplanted microbiome from donor lung grafts provide an extreme bloom of dynamic changes in the microenvironment in lung transplantation (LT) recipients. Dysbiosis in grafts are not only related to the modified microbial components but also involve the kinetics of the host‐graft “talk,” which signifies the destination of graft allograft injury, acute rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction development in short‐ and long‐term survival. Microbiome‐derived factors may contribute to lung xenograft survival when using genetically multimodified pig‐derived organs. Here, we review the most advanced knowledge of the dynamics and resilience of microbial communities in transplanted lungs with various pretransplant indications. Conceptual and analytical points of view have been illustrated along the time series, gaining insight into the microbiome and lung grafts. Future endeavors on precise tools, sophisticated models, and novel targeted regimens are needed to improve the long‐term survival in these patients.
Accountable to whom? Reimagining Hispanic serving institutions’ financial models
Authors: Arellano Lucy , Cuellar Marcela G. , Gonzalez Amber M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter invites higher education to reimagine accountability within a backdrop of budgeting and financing as it relates to Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). The authors call for more transparency in their pursuit of Latinx‐specific funding and the implementation of race‐evasive spending. Examples of how institutions, students, and funders have a role are presented toward the empowerment and liberation of Latinx students.
Differential expression of hepatic cancer stemness and hypoxia markers in residual cancer after locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Miran , Hui Kam Man , Shi Ming , Reau Nancy , Aloman Costica 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) treatment to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are effective tools to control tumor growth, prolong survival, palliate symptoms, and improve quality of life for patients with intermediate‐stage HCC. Nevertheless, there is high variability of local HCC responses to locoregional therapies; therefore, better and personalized prediction of tumor response to TACE is necessary for management of patients with HCC, especially when these modalities of treatment are used to bridge patients for liver transplant. Here, we investigated differential expression of hepatic cancer stem cell and hypoxia in residual HCC after TACE treatment in comparison with TARE. A publicly available gene data set was screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TACE_Response compared with TACE_Non‐response HCC. Analysis of the GSE104580 data set displayed a total of 406 DEGs, including 196 down‐regulated and 210 up‐regulated DEGs. Of the 196 down‐regulated DEGs, three hepatic cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and 11 hypoxia‐related genes were identified. Immunohistochemical staining of hepatic CSC and hypoxia markers on explant liver tissues exhibited more intense positive staining of hepatic CSC markers (CD24, EpCAM) and hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) in residual tumor nodule from patients with HCC treated with TACE compared with nontreated patients. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed the significant correlation between hepatic CSC markers and hypoxia marker, CA9. Conclusion: Hepatic CSC and hypoxia markers predict nonresponse to TACE and are differentially expressed in residual tumor after TACE compared with TARE. In the long term, TACE‐induced hypoxia may select an aggressive HCC phenotype.
A clinical and demographic analysis of oral pemphigus vulgaris: A retrospective cross‐sectional study from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Alshami Muhanad L. , Aswad Fawaz , Abdullah Bashar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disorder with life‐threatening consequences. Early detection and adequate care are crucial for a good prognosis. This study aimed to determine the demographic data, clinical features, and the prognosis of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris.Materials and MethodsFrom 2001 to 2021, all diagnosed oral pemphigus vulgaris cases were extracted. Each patient's demographic and clinical data were gathered. Patients were called via phone to assess the prognosis, treatment type, and specialty of the physician who provided the diagnosis and therapy.ResultsThe majority of the patients had only oral lesions with higher prevalence in female who also expressed severe pain than male. Only 14 of 29 patients responded phone calls. Except for one, all patients were in active disease. More than half of those respondents said pemphigus negatively affects social behavior and food intake. Correct diagnosis and treatment were decided by dermatology, oral medicine, and maxillofacial surgery specialists.ConclusionOral pemphigus vulgaris was prevalent in females. Severe pain was common in females and older people. Even with effective therapy, the prognosis was poor. Medical and dental professionals had little knowledge of pemphigus vulgaris. Patients frequently report poor quality of life.
Practical Application of System Thinking: Developing a Remote Facility Maintenance System
Authors: Sandli Mathias , Mansouri Mo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe need for a better solution to manage facilities have for a long time been evident. This is because of the need to replace, the willingness to adapt, and unforeseen damages during the life cycle of the facility usually in Norwegian homes causes the life span of the facility to decline. A proposed solution to this challenge is the Remote Facility Management System (RFMS). In this study the primary property ownership structures considered are properties with joint ownership and properties with housing associations. This study aims to assist in the development of the RFMS by applying Systems Thinking. The study finds several contributions by applying systems thinking methodologies to the development of the RFMS assist by providing essential unknowns to the development process.
SysML Reference Model for Assessing a Competitor's System
Authors: Vecchio Christopher Del , Ford Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Anti‐Process Machine – a set of antithesis processes – was derived from the aggregation of techniques within the Systems Engineering Technical Processes and various components of business intelligence. The Anti‐Process is used to assess a competitor's system to assist in the decision making process for strategic business decisions. The research in this area is nascent and requires further investigation. In particular, the method of processing the information within the Anti‐Process Machine and the method of capturing this information are largely unresearched. This paper investigates a transdisciplinary approach to address these problems, leveraging from the fields of model‐based systems engineering, knowledge modelling, and subjective logic. Primarily, this paper focuses on developing a SysML Reference model for a single Anti‐Process. The result is the basis for an analytic method to assess a competitor's system and a digitally‐enabled method of capturing this knowledge. Additional comprehensive research in this area is required to realize the entire Anti‐Process Machine.