bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Over-The-Counter Analgesics among Undergraduate Students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Amin Siti Nur'ain Suraya , Mohd Rasani Ali Aminuddin , Mamat Mohd Noor 
Published: November 2022

Over-the-Counter (OTC) analgesics are one of the convenient and effective pain treatments used in both developed and developing countries [1]. However, depending on how to utilize it, this treatment could lead to dangerous effects and complications [2,3,4]. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Medical, Dental, and Nursing students on Health Campus, USM to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of OTC analgesics. The study aims to identify the association of sociodemographic data with Knowledge level, Fisher Exact Test and Pearson Chi-Square was used. This study also aimed to determine the correlation between Knowledge, attitude, and practice of OTC analgesics. Pearson Correlation test was used for this objective. Out of 285 undergraduate students, 199 from Medical, 53 from Dental, and 33 from Nursing were selected through a simple random sampling technique. The data was run in SPSS the was using SPSS version 26. Most of the students are female students (58.2). The finding shows that undergraduate students in Health Campus USM were having a moderate knowledge level (M = 5. 91, SD=1.048) as shown in Figure 1. As for the attitude and practice level, the score revealed 60.4% of students with a good attitude (M= 23.93, SD=3.195) and 61.4% of students with fair (M= 20.26, SD 3.526) as shown in Figures 2 and 3. There was no relationship of any sociodemographic data to be found significant. On the other hand, the knowledge has a significant relationship with (r = 0. 292, p-value < 0.001). attitude, and attitude also shows significant relationship with practice (r = 0. 220, p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, students’ knowledge needs to be enhanced through the curriculum to improve their awareness of safe medication practice.
Antibacterial Potential of Methanol Extract of Red Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Against Salmonella typhi
Authors: Ginting Gabriella Marchelita , Ira Gracela  , Meldawati  , Adek Amansyah  
Published: November 2022

Background: Typhoid fever is a fever caused by an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, where the infection is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. This infection is generally found in environmental conditions with dense populations and poor hygiene levels. Various plants have been used from generation to generation to treat typhoid fever, one of which is red guava leaves. This study aims to further explore the potential of methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) on the activity of Salmonella thyphi in vitro.
Methods: This study is an in vitro experimental study using Salmonella thyphi culture. The phytochemical screening test was carried out on the methanol extract of red guava leaves. Furthermore, an assessment of the diameter of the inhibition zone between groups was carried out. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed to compare between groups.
Results: There was an increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone along with an increase in the dose of methanol extract from red guava leaves. A dose of 100 mg/mL of red guava leaf extract showed a maximum inhibition diameter of 11.85 cm.
Conclusion: Methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) has the antibacterial activity of Salmonella thyphi along with increasing concentrations.
Determining the frequency of Plummer Vinson Syndrome among patients having dysphagia presenting at district Bahawalpur
Authors: Nasir Wakeel  , Masood Akhtar  , Aasma Tariq  , Iqra Gull  , Hamna Hafeez  , Nayab Anjum  
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Plummer Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency, and esophageal webs. This study aims to assess the frequency of PVS in patients presenting with dysphagia.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology from 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021. A total of 164 patients having dysphagia for a minimum of two weeks duration were enrolled. The patient's data was recorded using a pre-designed questionnaire for PVS assessments, complete blood count, serum ferritin levels and barium swallow test results were obtained, and a radiologist was consulted for the upper esophageal web.
RESULTS: The observed frequency of PVS among patients with dysphagia was 11(6.7%). Female gender turned out to be significantly associated with PVS occurrence (p=0.001), while age (p=0.748) and duration of dysphagia (p=1.00) showed no significant association with it. Among those with PVS, 72.7% of patients were >40 years of age, 90.9% were females, and 81.8% had a duration of dysphagia >4 weeks.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that PVS is not very frequent among patients with dysphagia. But since it increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and the esophagus, therefore, such patients should be followed closely for the presence of PVS and treated promptly to avoid morbidity and mortality.
THE ROLE OF THE REGULATORY AGENCY IN THE ADOPTION OF TARIFF SYSTEMS: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION - REPORT AND CONCLUSION
Authors: Mićo Klepo  
Published: November 2022

In late 2006, the Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency adopted methodologies for the calculation of tariffs for the activities of the generation, transmission, distribution and supply of electricity, which until now have been components of a single tariff for an integrated system of the activities of the generation, transmission, distribution and supply of electricity. Pursuant to the legal obligations to separate these activities, as also expressed through the approach of the cited methodologies of the tariff systems, activities are in progress in reference to the calculation and adoption of tariff items for the aforementioned fundamental energy activities. With the application of the cited methodologies, i.e. the adoption and coming into force of the new tariff systems of the electricity sector and the electricity sector of the Republic of Croatia, a new trial regulatory period will be entered. Therefore, for the regulatory agency, representatives of the regulated entities, and professional public, discussion of several questions and dilemmas from this area at a meeting among representatives of various interested parties was considered to be of great importance and benefit.
APPLICATION OF THE MÖBIUS STRIP IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Dušan Vujević  
Published: November 2022

The one-sided two-dimensional surface known as the Möbius strip, in addition to applications in the arts and various branches of technology, is also used in electrical engineering, most frequently in the construction of low-ohm non-inductive resistors, particularly in high frequency and pulse devices, as well as capacitor systems in high frequency units and microwave resonators and filters, for which there are four registered patents in the United States.
The Circular Polarization of the Mn 1 Resonance Lines around 280 nm for Exploring Chromospheric Magnetism
Authors: del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Alsina Ballester Ernest , Trujillo Bueno Javier 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the circular polarization of the Mn i resonance lines at 279.56, 279.91, and 280.19 nm (hereafter, UV multiplet) by means of radiative transfer modeling. In 2019, the CLASP2 mission obtained unprecedented spectropolarimetric data in a region of the solar ultraviolet including the Mg ii h and k resonance lines and two lines of a subordinate triplet, as well as two Mn i resonance lines. The first analysis of such data, in particular those corresponding to a plage region, allowed the inference of the longitudinal magnetic field from the photosphere to the upper chromosphere just below the transition region. This was achieved by applying the weak field approximation to the circular polarization profiles of the Mg ii and Mn i lines. While the applicability of this approximation to the Mg ii lines was already demonstrated in previous works, this is not the case for the Mn i UV multiplet. These lines are observed as absorptions between the Mg ii h and k lines, a region whose intensity is shaped by their partial frequency redistribution effects. Moreover, the only Mn i stable isotope has nuclear spin I = 5/2 and thus hyperfine structure must be, a priori, taken into account. Here we study the generation and transfer of the intensity and circular polarization of the Mn i resonance lines accounting for these physical ingredients. We analyze their sensitivity to the magnetic field by means of their response function, and we demonstrate the applicability of the weak field approximation to determine the longitudinal component of the magnetic field.
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS). VII. Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters of the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Kader Justin A. , Pilachowski Catherine A. , Johnson Christian I. , Rich R. Michael , Young Michael D. , Simion Iulia T. , Clarkson William I. , Michael Scott , Kunder Andrea , Vivas Anna Katherina , Koch-Hansen Andreas J. , Marchetti Tommaso 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present photometric evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs) in 14 globular clusters (GCs) toward the southern Galactic bulge. The photometric data come as part of the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey, which is a deep, wide-field near-UV-near-IR (ugrizY) survey of the southern Galactic bulge. Here, we present the first systematic study of bulge GC multiple populations with deep photometry including the u band, which is a crucial indicator of the abundance of CNO-bearing molecules in stellar atmospheres. We identify cluster members using Gaia EDR3 proper motion measurements, and then isolate red giant branch stars using r versus u − r color–magnitude diagrams. We find evidence suggesting all 14 clusters host at least two populations, and NGC 6441, NGC 6626, and NGC 6656 appear to have at least three populations. Many of these clusters are not part of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) surveys nor do they have comprehensive spectroscopic analyses so we are presenting the first evidence of MPs in several clusters. Not only do we find a strong anticorrelation between the fraction of first-generation stars and cluster absolute V magnitude, but the correlation coefficient and cluster-to-cluster scatter are similar to the results obtained from HST. Our ground-based data extend to much larger radial distances than similar HST observations, enabling a reliable estimate of the global fraction of first-generation stars in each cluster. This study demonstrates that ground-based u-band photometry as provided by DECam will prove powerful in the study of multiple populations in resolved GCs.
Modeling Dust Production, Growth, and Destruction in Reionization-era Galaxies with the CROC Simulations: Methods and Parameter Exploration
Authors: Esmerian Clarke J. , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce a model for the explicit evolution of interstellar dust in a cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We post-process a simulation from the Cosmic Reionization on Computers project, integrating an ordinary differential equation for the evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio along pathlines in the simulation sampled with a tracer particle technique. This model incorporates the effects of dust grain production in asymptotic giant branch star winds and supernovae, grain growth due to the accretion of heavy elements from the gas phase of the interstellar medium, and grain destruction due to thermal sputtering in the high-temperature gas of supernova remnants. A main conclusion of our analysis is the importance of a carefully chosen dust destruction model, for which different reasonable parameterizations can predict very different values at the ∼100 pc resolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) in our simulations. We run this dust model on the single most massive galaxy in a 10 h−1 comoving megaparsec box, which attains a stellar mass of ∼2 × 109
M
⊙ by z = 5. We find that the model is capable of reproducing dust masses and dust-sensitive observable quantities broadly consistent with existing data from high-redshift galaxies. The total dust mass in the simulated galaxy is somewhat sensitive to parameter choices for the dust model, especially the timescale for grain growth due to accretion in the ISM. Consequently, observations that can constrain galaxy dust masses at these epochs are potentially useful for placing constraints on dust physics.
Gas-phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange on Large, Astronomically Relevant Cationic PAHs
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Hu Xiaoyi , Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To examine the gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange on large, astronomically relevant cationic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the ion-molecule collision reaction between C42H18
+ (hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene cations, HBC+) and D atoms is studied. The experimental results show that the deuterated HBC cations ([C42H
m
D
n
]+, m+2 ∗ n up to ∼54) are efficiently formed, and an effective hydrogen/deuterium exchange is determined. The structure of newly formed deuterated HBC cations and the bonding energy for these reaction pathways are investigated with quantum theoretical calculations. The exothermic energy for each reaction pathway is relatively high, and the existence of competition between deuteration and dedeuteration and of hydrogen/deuterium exchange is confirmed. A kinetic model is constructed to simulate the deuteration and hydrogenation processes and the hydrogen/deuterium exchange on HBC+ as a function of the reaction time over the experimental and typical astrophysical conditions. We infer that if we do not consider other chemical evolution processes (e.g., photoevolution), then cationic PAHs will reach the final equilibrium state (reaction with H/D atoms) very quickly regardless of the initial state of PAHs, and deuterated cationic PAHs are scarce in the interstellar medium.
Constraining the Nature of the 18 min Periodic Radio Transient GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 via Multiwavelength Observations and Magneto-thermal Simulations
Authors: Rea N. , Zelati F. Coti , Dehman C. , Hurley-Walker N. , de Martino D. , Bahramian A. , Buckley D. A. H. , Brink J. , Kawka A. , Pons J. A. , Viganò D. , Graber V. , Ronchi M. , Araujo C. Pardo , Borghese A. , Parent E. , Galvin T. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We observed the periodic radio transient GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 (GLEAM-X J1627) using the Chandra X-ray Observatory for about 30 ks on 2022 January 22–23, simultaneously with radio observations from the Murchison Widefield Array, MeerKAT, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Its radio emission and 18 min periodicity led the source to be tentatively interpreted as an extreme magnetar or a peculiar highly magnetic white dwarf. The source was not detected in the 0.3–8 keV energy range with a 3σ upper limit on the count rate of 3 × 10−4 counts s−1. No radio emission was detected during our X-ray observations either. Furthermore, we studied the field around GLEAM-X J1627 using archival European Southern Observatory and DECam Plane Survey data, as well as recent Southern African Large Telescope observations. Many sources are present close to the position of GLEAM-X J1627, but only two within the 2″ radio position uncertainty. Depending on the assumed spectral distribution, the upper limits converted to an X-ray luminosity of L
X < 6.5 × 1029 erg s−1 for a blackbody with temperature kT = 0.3 keV, or L
X < 9 × 1029 erg s−1 for a power law with photon index Γ = 2 (assuming a 1.3 kpc distance). Furthermore, we performed magneto-thermal simulations for neutron stars considering crust- and core-dominated field configurations. Based on our multiband limits, we conclude that (i) in the magnetar scenario, the X-ray upper limits suggest that GLEAM-X J1627 should be older than ∼1 Myr, unless it has a core-dominated magnetic field or has experienced fast cooling; (ii) in the white dwarf scenario, we can rule out most binary systems, a hot sub-dwarf, and a hot magnetic isolated white dwarf (T ≳ 10.000 K), while a cold isolated white dwarf is still compatible with our limits.
Premaximum Spectroscopic Diversity of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Könyves-Tóth Réka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We search for the reasons behind the spectroscopic diversity of hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the premaximum phase. Our analysis is a continuation of the paper of Könyves-Tóth & Vinkó, who disclosed two new subtypes of SLSNe-I characterized by the presence/absence of a W-shaped absorption feature in their premaximum spectra between 4000 and 5000 Å (called Type W and Type 15bn, respectively). However, the physical cause of this bimodality is still uncertain. Here we present premaximum spectral synthesis of 27 SLSNe-I with special attention to the photospheric temperature (T
phot) and velocity (v
phot) evolution. We find that a T
phot limit of 12,000 K separates the Type W and Type 15bn SLSNe-I: Type W objects tend to show T
phot ≥ 12,000 K, while Type 15bn ones have T
phot ≤ 12,000 K. This is consistent with the chemical composition of the studied objects. Another difference between these groups may be found in their ejecta geometry: Type W SLSNe-I may show null polarization, implying spherical symmetry, while the polarization of Type 15bn objects may increase in time. This suggests a two-component model with a spherical outer carbon–oxygen layer and an asymmetric inner layer containing heavier ions. The two subgroups may have different light-curve evolution as well, since six Type W objects show early bumps, unlike Type 15bn SLSNe-I. This feature, however, needs further study, as it is based on only a few objects at present.
Constraints on the Optical Depth to Reionization from Balloon-borne Cosmic Microwave Background Measurements
Authors: Errard Josquin , Remazeilles Mathieu , Aumont Jonathan , Delabrouille Jacques , Green Daniel , Hanany Shaul , Hensley Brandon S. , Kogut Alan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We assess the uncertainty with which a balloon-borne experiment, nominally called Tau Surveyor (τS), can measure the optical depth to reionization σ(τ) with given realistic constraints of instrument noise and foreground emissions. Using a τS fiducial design with six frequency bands between 150 and 380 GHz, with white and uniform map noise of 7 μK arcmin, achievable with a single midlatitude flight, and including Planck's 30 and 44 GHz data, we assess the error σ(τ) obtained with three foreground models and as a function of sky fraction f
sky between 40% and 54%. We carry out the analysis using both parametric and blind foreground separation techniques. We compare the σ(τ) values to those obtained with low-frequency and high-frequency versions of the experiment called τS-lf and τS-hf, which have only four and up to eight frequency bands with narrower and wider frequency coverage, respectively. We find that with τS, the lowest constraint is σ(τ) = 0.0034, obtained for one of the foreground models with f
sky = 54%. σ(τ) is larger, in some cases by more than a factor of 2, for smaller sky fractions, with τS-lf, or as a function of foreground model. The τS-hf configuration does not lead to significantly tighter constraints. The exclusion of the 30 and 44 GHz data, which give information about synchrotron emission, leads to significant τ misestimates. Decreasing noise by an ambitious factor of 10, while keeping f
sky = 40%, gives σ(τ) = 0.0031. The combination of σ(τ) = 0.0034, baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI, and future cosmic microwave background B-mode lensing data from the CMB-S3/CMB-S4 experiments could give σ(∑m

ν
) = 17 meV.
H-AMR: A New GPU-accelerated GRMHD Code for Exascale Computing with 3D Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Local Adaptive Time Stepping
Authors: Liska M. T. P. , Chatterjee K. , Issa D. , Yoon D. , Kaaz N. , Tchekhovskoy A. , van Eijnatten D. , Musoke G. , Hesp C. , Rohoza V. , Markoff S. , Ingram A. , van der Klis M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations have revolutionized our understanding of black hole accretion. Here, we present a GPU-accelerated GRMHD code H-AMR with multifaceted optimizations that, collectively, accelerate computation by 2–5 orders of magnitude for a wide range of applications. First, it introduces a spherical grid with 3D adaptive mesh refinement that operates in each of the three dimensions independently. This allows us to circumvent the Courant condition near the polar singularity, which otherwise cripples high-resolution computational performance. Second, we demonstrate that local adaptive time stepping on a logarithmic spherical-polar grid accelerates computation by a factor of ≲10 compared to traditional hierarchical time-stepping approaches. Jointly, these unique features lead to an effective speed of ∼109 zone cycles per second per node on 5400 NVIDIA V100 GPUs (i.e., 900 nodes of the OLCF Summit supercomputer). We illustrate H-AMR's computational performance by presenting the first GRMHD simulation of a tilted thin accretion disk threaded by a toroidal magnetic field around a rapidly spinning black hole. With an effective resolution of 13,440 × 4608 × 8092 cells and a total of ≲22 billion cells and ∼0.65 × 108 time steps, it is among the largest astrophysical simulations ever performed. We find that frame dragging by the black hole tears up the disk into two independently precessing subdisks. The innermost subdisk rotation axis intermittently aligns with the black hole spin, demonstrating for the first time that such long-sought alignment is possible in the absence of large-scale poloidal magnetic fields.
Les « Espagnols de France des Brigades internationales. Des « nationaux internationaux » dans la guerre d’Espagne
Authors: Sill Édouard 
Published: November 2022

Dans les Brigades internationales figurait un nombre important de volontaires espagnols ou d’origine espagnole résidant très majoritairement en France. Cette étude s‘attache à rendre intelligible ce contingent transnational de volontaires des « Espagnols de France » comme un groupe complexe, à l’interface entre leurs compatriotes espagnols et leurs concitoyens français.
Deux visages pour un même engagement : mobilisations artistiques et politiques contre le fascisme espagnol
Authors: Rojas Anna , Freda Lou 
Published: November 2022

Les fonds Madeleine Lamberet et Jesús Vicente Pérez Melón conservés à La contemporaine rendent compte des sensibilités artistiques et des engagements politiques de deux acteurs de l’exil républicain en France : une femme française, militante anarchiste, et un enseignant républicain exilé avec sa famille en France à la fin de la guerre d’Espagne. L’article présente les écrits et autres documents personnels de ces deux fonds en lien avec les événements historiques de la guerre d’Espagne, la Retirada et la période franquiste. Ces ego-documents ne permettent pas seulement d’illustrer les biographies de Madeleine Lamberet et Jesús Vicente Pérez Melón et d’apprécier leurs parcours artistiques et militants respectifs, mais bien d’évoquer les différentes voies d’un même engagement en faveur de l’Espagne républicaine.
Entretien avec Raphaël Nkaka, historien rwandais
Authors: Ramondy Karine 
Published: November 2022

Cet entretien est le fruit d’échanges débutés à l’été 2018 au Rwanda entre deux chercheurs spécialisés sur l’Afrique centrale. Il nous donne l’occasion de découvrir le parcours d’un historien rwandais, Raphaël Nkaka, dont la trajectoire intellectuelle entre Europe et Afrique s’inscrit dans l’histoire traumatique de son pays d’origine et notamment le génocide des Tutsi (avril à juillet 1994). Il offre également l’occasion de découvrir ses travaux et les auteurs ou les personnalités qui l’ont influencé.