bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Neutrophil Recruitment in Response to Inhaled LPS is Impaired in CD4 Deficient Mice
Authors: Hamza Fatheia N. , Alekhmimi Nuha Alekhmimi , Matar Dana S. Bou , Barakzai Abrar , Al-Kattan Khaled , Heialy Saba Al , Kvietys Peter R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectiv
e While the role of CD4+ regulatory T cells in the resolution of lung inflammation is well documented, their potential contribution to the onset of the inflammatory response has been largely neglected. Herein, we assessed the impact of germline CD4 deficiency on the alveolar macrophage (AMΦ)-neutrophil (PMN) axis in initiating the LPS-induced lung inflammation.
Methods In vivo,
The levels of AMΦ and PMN in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tissue histopathology were compared in wild type (WT) and CD4-deficient (CD4−/−) mice at 4 hours after local LPS challenge (2–3 µg/g: intranasally). CD4 expression (flow cytometry) and representative functions of AMΦ (phagocytosis, cytokine secretion) and PMN (migration) of WT and CD4−/− mice were compared ex vivo.
Results
LPS increased PMN infiltration of alveoli in WT mice; a response severely blunted in CD4−/− mice. AMΦ isolated from WT mice captured more microbeads, but secreted less tumor necrosis factor-α, than AMΦ from CD4−/− mice. Notably, as compared to PMN of WT mice, PMN of CD4−/− mice had a diminished motility response to a relevant chemotactic stimulus (cell-free BALF). PMN expressed CD4 while AMΦ did not.
Conclusions
The motility defect of PMN derived from CD4−/− mice is most likely due to an intrinsic loss of CD4, whereas the quantitative and qualitative shift of the AMΦ pool of CD4−/− mice cannot.
Carbon emission policy with privatization in an oligopoly model
Authors: Chen Junlong , Sun Chaoqun , Wang Yajie , Liu Jiali , Zhou Pin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper constructs a mixed oligopoly model composed of a public enterprise and two private enterprises, and explores the equilibrium results under different carbon emission policies. In addition, this paper also analyzes the optimal carbon emission trading price and the optimal privatization level decision. The results show that the proportion of state-owned shares and the equity efficiency gap have impacts on the equilibrium results under different carbon emission policies. Privatization increases the profits of public firm but does not necessarily promote social welfare. Different carbon emission policy decisions have different impacts on the equilibrium results, and the emission reduction target is not completely consistent with the maximum social welfare target. The government can intervene by setting carbon emissions trading prices and making privatization decisions. Both full and partial privatization may be the optimal decision.
Sorption-photocatalysis of structurally distinct pesticides using polythiophene/TiO2 composites: Kinetics, equilibrium, reusability and operational economics
Authors: Moradeeya Pareshkumar , Madhava Anil Kumar , Sharma Archana , Basha Shaik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

An integrated process involving adsorption and photocatalysis are utilized for the breakdown of three different pesticides such as 2,4-D, 4-CPA and TCP. Photo-catalysts were fabricated using polythiophene supported TiO2 composites and utilized for the pesticides degradation under UV light irradiation. The synthesized materials were characterized for elemental, microscopic, spectroscopic and spectrophotometric properties. The outcome shows that polythiophene supported titanium dioxide systems can successfully facilitate the breakdown of pesticides under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic effectiveness of the TiO2 catalyst was significantly improved by the addition of polythiophene. Maximum amount of adsorption capacity for 2,4-D, 4-CPA and TCP were 8.18, 6.333, and 9.681 mg/g by pTh-1. The modified version of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model explained the inter-relationship between the adsorption and photodegradation. Results explained that the pTh-1 catalyzed photodegradation of 4-CPA, TCP and 2,4-D exists the surface reaction which was rate-limiting. Langmuir- Hinshelwood and electrical energy per order (EEO) model provided good fit with batch-mode experiments. Furthermore, these models were successful in elucidating the mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation when pTh-1 was available in the reaction mixture.
Changes in intestinal microbiota, liver and intestine histopathology of Cyprinus carpio in response to Mentha piperita extract‐supplemented diets
Authors: Baghalian Ali , Shahsavani Davar , Roshanak Sahar , Alidadi Soodeh , motlagh Hamidreza Ahmadniaye 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Mentha piperita methanolic extract (MPE) on Cyprinus carpio intestinal microbiota, including total microorganisms gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and fungi count. Liver and intestinal histopathology, and the activity of liver enzymes, were also used to evaluate the possible side effects of MPE. A total of 96 healthy C. carpio fries (76.76 ± 20.26 g) were allocated to four treatment groups with three replications in a completely randomized design. The fries were fed with diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% extract for 40 days at the rate of 2% of body weight during the experiment. Results showed a significant decrease in total microorganisms, enteric gram-negative bacteria, and total fungi counts (p < 0.05). The total lactic acid bacteria count in 0.5% treatment was significantly lower than in the control and 2% treated fish (p < 0.05). MPE did not affect AST, while it led to a significant increase in ALT level. Simultaneously, ALP represented significantly higher activity in the control group (p > 0.05). Microscopic findings revealed marked lesions including congestion and cell degeneration in the livers of the three group of fish fed with the extract. The intestinal folds were shortened and blunted in the treatment groups. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosa was necrotic, and the lamina propria was significantly thickened with mononuclear inflammatoryc cells (p < 0.05). Although MPE significantly affected intestinal microbiota, its consumption at 2% is not recommended for C. carpio due to the lesions made in the liver and intestine.
Knowledge and practices of home caregivers on neonatal danger signs pre-admission to Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana: an explorative descriptive study
Authors: Kanton Joyce Fatima , Gyepi-Garbrah Alberta P , Mensah Olivia Nyarko , Richardson Doris , Kpikpitse Dzigbordi , Acquah Hannah , Ajinkpang Stephanie , Azalekor Deborah , Amponsah Mary Ani , Abdul-Mumin Alhassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal illnesses can prove to be fatal if not identified early and treated. This suggests that death occasioned as result of neonatal illness could be prevented. However, it has been observed that most mothers report to the hospital late with their newborns in critical state, making it difficult for professionals to salvage the problem often than not. This study sought to explore the knowledge and practices of home caregivers on neonatal danger signs pre-admission to Tamale Teaching Hospital.Methods: An explorative descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select fifteen caregivers of neonates on admission at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Tamale Teaching Hospital. Data was collected using semi-structured interview guide. Audio recording was used as a backup and to authenticate data collected during the interviews. All data collected were transcribed verbatim and subsequently analyzed manually using thematic content analysis. Results: Generally, the study found that caregivers had appreciable knowledge, describing neonatal illness with danger signs such as lethargy, convulsion, fever, fast breathing, poor feeding, vomiting and diarrhea. The study further found that the predominant practice to care seeking by caregivers was home/traditional herbal remedies. Conclusion: The study concludes that inexperience in childbirth, severity of illness and availability of finances were factors that informed caregivers choice of treatment. There is a pressing need for health workers to strengthen the education of caregivers/mothers on neonatal danger signs and the need for prompt care seeking from skilled health care providers prior to discharge from the hospital.
Focal and diffuse clinical subtypes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease: a one-year longitudinal study
Authors: Johansson Martin , Lier Nina van , Kessels Roy , Bloem Bastiaan , Helmich Rick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heterogeneity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents a barrier to understanding disease mechanisms and developing new treatments. This challenge may be partially overcome by stratifying patients into clinically meaningful subtypes. A recent subtyping scheme classifies de novo PD patients into three subtypes: mild-motor predominant, intermediate, or diffuse-malignant, based on motor impairment, cognitive performance, REM-sleep behavior disorder, and autonomic function. We aimed to validate this approach in a large longitudinal cohort of early-stage PD (n=517). Furthermore, we assessed the influence of subtype on clinical motor phenotype and on one-year clinical disease progression. Diffuse-malignant patients (14%) differed from mild-motor predominant patients (48%) in three ways: involvement of more clinical domains, more diffuse hypokinetic-rigid symptoms (less lateralization, less hand/foot focality), and faster one-year progression. These findings extend the classification of diffuse-malignant and mild-motor predominant subtypes to early-stage PD and suggest that different pathophysiological mechanisms (focal versus diffuse cerebral propagation) may play a role.
Inpatient pneumatic retinopexy involving the use of air injection and laser photocoagulation for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Zhu Tie Pei , Xiang Zhen Yang , Huang Qin Zhu , Li Gao Chun , Guo Shen Chao , Li En Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of inpatient pneumatic retinopexy (PR) using pure air intravitreal injection and laser photocoagulation for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients with uncomplicated RRD (39 eyes) were included in this prospective case series study. All patient underwent two-step PR surgery containing pure air intravitreal injection and laser photocoagulation retinopexy during hospitalization. The main outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and primary anatomic success rates after PR treatment.Results: The mean follow-up was 18.3 ± 9.7 months, ranging from 6 to 37 months. The primary anatomic success rate was 89.7% (35/39) after PR treatment. The final reattachment of the retina was achieved in 100% of cases. Macular epiretinal membrane was developed in two patients (5.7%) among PR successful cases during the follow-up. The mean logMAR BCVA values was significantly improved from 0.94 ± 0.69 before surgery to 0.39 ± 0.41 after surgery. The average central retinal thickness significantly thinner in the RRD eyes of macular-off patients (206.8 ± 56.13 μm) when compared with the fellow eyes (234.6 ± 48.4 μm) at the last follow-up (P = 0.005).Conclusion: Inpatient PR procedure with pure air injection and laser photocoagulation is a safe and effective approach to treat patients with uncomplicated RRD, who may achieve a high single-operation success rate and good visual acuity recovery.
Optimal Cropping Pattern and Water Allocation Using Ga Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Pande Gauri , Umamahesh N. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Irrigation water availability is the main driver to determine cropping patterns, whereas the different water storages will potentially reduce because of changes in climate. Therefore, cropping patterns should be adjusted to meet this challenge. In this study with three objective functions 1) Maximization of net benefit 2) maximization of yield and 3) minimization of sum of squared deficit of demand and supply, the optimal cropping pattern and water depth for six crops for ayacut of Distributory Majors 30 and 31 of Kakatiya canal is suggested. Deficit irrigation is considered as major concern here. Each objective is considered separately to obtain cropping pattern. Single objective Genetic Algorithm optimization is used to find the optimal cropping pattern and water depth. The result of this study shows that as the water supply increases net benefit and yield increases but not with a large difference. So to reduce the water usage deficit irrigation can be adopted and the saved water can be used for another more productive purpose.
High cationic dispersity boosted oxygen reduction reactivity in multi-element doped perovskites
Authors: Li Wenhuai , Li Mengran , Guo Yanan , Hu Zhiwei , Zhou Chuan , Brand Helen E A , Peterson Vanessa , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oxygen-ion conducting perovskite oxides are important functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen permeable membranes operating at high temperatures (> 500 ºC). Co-doped perovskites have recently shown their potential to boost oxygen-related kinetics, but challenges remain to understand the underlying mechanisms. This work unveils the local cation arrangement as a new key factor controlling oxygen kinetics in perovskite oxides. By single- and co-doping Nb5+ and Ta5+ into SrCoO3-δ, we control dominant factors affecting oxygen kinetics such as lattice geometry, cobalt states, and oxygen vacancies, which are confirmed by neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction as well as high-temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our combined experimental and theoretical study unveils that co-doping likely leads to higher cation dispersion at the B-site compared to single-doping. Consequently, a high-entropy configuration enhances oxygen ion migration in the lattice, translating to improved oxygen reduction activity.
Full-Bayes GNSS-A solutions for precise seafloor positioning with single uniform sound speed gradient layer assumption
Authors: Watanabe Shun-ichi , Ishikawa Tadashi , Nakamura Yuto , Yokota Yusuke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A systematic analysis methodology for the precise seafloor positioning using the GNSS-A has been constructed and implemented into an open source software GARPOS. It introduced a linearized perturbation field model for the extraction of the 4-dimensional sound speed variation, and solves the perturbation parameters simultaneously with the seafloor position based on the empirical Bayes approach. Although it can provide the solutions stably and almost analytically, it has less expandability when imposing additional constraint parameters non-linear to the observation equation. Even though such parameters can be optimized applying information criteria, it eliminates the information on the details of joint posterior probability, resulting in the estimation of conditional posterior. To overcome above limitations, we implemented the full-Bayes estimation using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. It can help not only evaluating the dependency of the existing hyperparameters on the seafloor position, but also discussing the effects of the additionally imposed constraints. We imposed the constraint assuming the situation where a temporally-variable gradient layer steadily lies on a certain depth in the observation scale (typically < 10 km x 10 km, < 1 day). This models the cases with large-scale structure such as the Kuroshio current or with the internal waves with long-wavelength. The constraint narrows the posterior of horizontal position and provided better solution in many datasets, especially in the Nankai Trough region. For the other datasets, the constraint emphasized the bias errors, which can also provide the information on the possibility of instrumental and modelling errors.
Assessment of Physical Literacy in 6-11 years old Children: Findings from the Play Lifestyle &amp; Activity in Youth (PLAY) Study
Authors: Sugimoto Dai , Stracciolini Andrea , Berbert Laura , Nohelty Eric , Kobelski Greggory , Parmeter Becky , Weller Edie , Faigenbaum Avery , Myer Gregory 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Physical illiteracy is often referred as a lack of movement competence and is a serious concern, especially among children. Physical tests to evaluate physical literacy are understudied, especially potential sex effects. To evaluate selected tests of physical literacy in children and to compare the outcomes by sex.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6 -11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The obstacle course consisted of hopping, kicking a ball, catching a ball, throwing a ball, and sliding tasks. Outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The study cohort was comprised of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). The median values for the physical tests were 34.0 kg in hand grip, 22.3 cm in vertical jump, -4.2 cm in sit and reach, 165.3 composite score in Y-balance, 36.3 seconds in obstacle course time, and 29.0 points in obstacle course points. Girls showed superior sit and reach performance (p=0.002) compared to boys. Boys demonstrated better Y-balance scores (p=0.007) and faster obstacle time (p=0.042) than girls. Sex comparison within three age groups (6 - <8 years, 8 - <10 years, and 10 - <12 years) showed that girls performed better on the sit and reach compared to boys in the in 6 - <8 years (p=0.009). Boys demonstrated higher Y-balance scores (p=0.017) and faster obstacle time (p=0.007) compared to girls in the 8 - <10-year age group. Conclusions: Children 6-11 years showed notable sex differences in selected tests of physical literacy. Girls demonstrated better flexibility than boys in early childhood (6 - <8 years) while boys demonstrated superior balance and faster obstacle course time compared to girls, especially in 8 - <10 years. These data will serve to guide future efforts to evaluate normative measures physical literacy and guide targeted training interventions to promote sustained physical activity in children with deficits relative to their age and sex norms.
COVID-19: Azelastine nasal spray Reduces Virus-load In Nasal swabs (CARVIN) Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients – results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial.
Authors: Klussmann Jens , Grosheva Maria , Meiser Peter , Lehmann Clara , Nagy Eszter , Szijártó Valéria , Nagy Gábor , Konrat Robert , Flegel Michael , Holzer Frank , Groß Dorothea , Steinmetz Charlotte , Scherer Barbara , Gruell Henning , Schlotz Maike , Klein Florian , de Aragão Paula Aguiar , Morr Henning , Saleh Helal Al , Bilstein Andreas , Russo Belisa , Müller-Scholtz Susanne , Acikel Cengizhan , Sahin Hacer , Werkhäuser Nina , Allekotte Silke , Mösges Ralph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 strongly influences our daily lives, and there is urgent need for a therapy treating early infections to prevent progression.CARVIN was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were randomized into 3 groups receiving placebo, 0·02% or 0·1% azelastine nasal spray for 11 days, during which viral loads were assessed by quantitative PCR. Investigators assessed patients’ status throughout the trial including safety follow-ups (days 16 and 60). Symptoms were documented in patient diaries.Initial viral loads were log10 6·85 ± 1·31 (mean ± SD) copies/mL (ORF 1a/b gene). After treatment, virus load was reduced in all groups (p<0·0001), but was greater in the 0·1% group compared to placebo (p=0·007). In a subset of patients (initial Ct<25) viral load was strongly reduced on day 4 in the 0·1% group compared to placebo (p=0·005). Negative PCR results appeared earlier and more frequently in the azelastine treated groups: being 18·52% and 21·43% in the 0·1% and 0·02% groups, respectively, compared to 0% for placebo on day 8. Comparable numbers of adverse events occurred in all treatment groups with no safety concerns.The shown effects of azelastine nasal spray may thus be suggestive of azelastine’s potential as an antiviral treatment.Trial Registration:The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00024520; Date of Registration in DRKS: 12/02/2021).EudraCT number: 2020-005544-34
Analytical and Finite Element Characterisation of a Randomly Reinforced Recyclable Composite for Construction Products
Authors: Helaili Sofiene , Zaouali Yosra , Chafra Moez 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In general, the use of fibers requires sorting and, in some cases, chemical treatments, which increases the manufacturing cost and environmental impact. The use of short, unorganized fibers, i.e., randomly distributed, is a solution to this problem. However, to use randomly distributed short natural fibers, the mechanical properties of the randomly reinforced composite must be estimated. This paper developed two analytical models and one finite element model to characterize composites reinforced with short fibers. Calcium Carbonate precipitates CCP/PVC PolyVinyl Chloride composites are studied as an application in the construction industry. The CCP improves recyclability and reduces petrochemical and energy usage during the manufacturing process, minimizing the carbon footprint. The Mori-Tanaka model, the Halpin-Tsai model, and a finite element method model were used to investigate distribution effects on the mechanical properties of the composite. The first is the effect of fiber volume fraction on the elastic mechanical properties of the composite. All three models show an increase in elastic modulus with the growth of fiber content in the composite. The second is the effect of fiber orientation for a given volume fraction. The results show a maximum variation of 15.56% on the elastic properties by varying the fiber orientation compared to an equally distributed composite. This result means that the random distribution of the fibers does not significantly influence the mechanical properties. The third effect is the fiber length effect. For different concentrations, the fiber length varies the stiffness by about 6.64%. This variation of the stiffness is observed up to the ratio of fiber length/diameter equal to 100; after that, the increase is insignificant.