bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors for Patients with Anal Cancer Treated with Conformal Radiotherapy - A Systematic Review
Authors: Theophanous Stelios , Samuel Robert , Lilley John , Henry Ann , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gilbert Alexandra , Appelt Ane L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
AimsAnal cancer is primarily treated using concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), with conformal techniques such as intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) now being the standard techniques utilised across the world. Despite this, there is still very limited consensus on prognostic factors for outcome following conformal CRT. This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing literature to identify prognostic factors for a variety of oncological outcomes in anal cancer, focusing on patients treated with curative intent using contemporary conformal radiotherapy techniques.Materials and methodsA literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase to identify studies reporting on prognostic factors for survival and cancer-related outcomes after conformal CRT for anal cancer. The prognostic factors which were identified as significant in univariable and multivariable analysis, along with their respective factor effects (where available) were extracted. Only factors reported as prognostic in more than one study were included in the final results.ResultsThe results from 19 studies were analysed. In both univariable and multivariable analysis, N stage, T stage, and sex were found to be the most prevalent and reliable clinical prognostic factors for the majority of outcomes explored. Only a few biomarkers have been identified as prognostic by more than one study – pre-treatment biopsy HPV load, as well as the presence of leukocytosis, neutrophilia and anaemia at baseline measurement. The results also highlight the lack of studies with large cohorts exploring the prognostic significance of imaging factors.ConclusionEstablishing a set of prognostic and potentially predictive factors for anal cancer outcomes can guide the risk stratification of patients, aiding the design of future clinical trials. Such trials will in turn provide us with greater insight into how to effectively treat this disease using a more personalised approach.
Pyruvate metabolism controls epigenome remodeling during CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Mocholi Enric , Russo Laura , Gopal Keshav , Ramstead Andrew , Hochrein Sophia M. , Vos HarmJan , Geeven Geert , Adegoke Adeolu , Hoekstra Anna , Es Robert van , Pittol José Ramos , Vastert Sebastiaan , Rutter Jared , Radstake Timothy , Loosdregt Jorg van , Berkers Celia , Mokry Michal , Anderson Colin , O'Connell Ryan , Vaeth Martin , Ussher John , Burgering Boudewijn , Coffer Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Upon antigen-specific T Cell Receptor (TCR) engagement, human CD4+ T cells proliferate and differentiate, a process associated with rapid transcriptional changes and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we show that generation of extra-mitochondrial pyruvate is an essential step for acetyl-CoA production and subsequent H3K27ac-mediated epigenome remodeling. In contrast, neither acetate/ACSS2 nor citrate/ACLY metabolism are required for activation-induced transcriptional changes. Furthermore, T cell activation results in the nuclear translocation of PDC and its association with both the p300 acetyltransferase and histone H3K27ac. These data support tight integration of metabolic and histone-modifying enzymes, allowing metabolic reprogramming to fuel CD4+ T cell activation. Targeting this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic approach to specifically regulate antigen-driven T cell activation.
Cutting tool wear monitoring through cutting sound classification and machine learning
Authors: Catalán Carlos Alfredo Catalán , Canales-Siller Horacio , Cruz-González Celso E. , Torres-Arellano Mauricio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, a methodology to detect tool wear states during a milling operation through sound classification is presented. The sound was recorded during milling operations for endmills with different wear states (brand new, wear out and chipped); the wear states were determined by measuring their mass before each cutting operation. After machining, a transfer learning task was implemented for custom classification of the sound. The above, by using the VGG16 deep neural network architecture. The sound data, was represented as spectrogram images for the classification model training. Four different metrics, were used to measure the model performance, showing 97.5\% in the worst result. In addition, the results showed that sound data have enough information to train classification models for cutting tools wearing. Finally, the method presented in this work can be used for the development of monitoring tools for the support of machining workshops; thus increase the efficiency of their tools, raw materials and machining time.
Normative and perceived unmet mental health needs, health care use and barriers to care for mental health problems in a general population sample
Authors: Rens Eva , Michielsen Joris , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Broeck Kris Van den 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Mental health problems often remain undetected and untreated. Prior research suggests that this is mainly due to a lack of need-perception and attitudinal barriers. The aim of this study is to examine unmet mental health needs using both a normative (assessed using screening scales) and a self-perceived approach.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study with a weighted and representative sample of 1208 individuals aged 15 – 80 years old was carried out in 2021 in the province of Antwerp (Belgium). The questionnaire consisted of screening scales for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-C and CAGE), and questions about dysfunction in daily life, 12-month health care use for mental health problems, self-perceived unmet mental health needs and reasons for not seeking (extra) help. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the predictors of mental health problems, health care use, and objective and subjective unmet mental health needs.Results: One in five respondents had a probable mental health problem according to screening scales. Among those, only one in three used health care for their mental health, resulting in a population prevalence of 14% objective unmet mental health needs. Likewise, 14% of the total sample perceived an unmet mental health need. However, more women and younger people perceived unmet needs, while normative unmet needs were higher among men and older people. One in six of the total sample used health care for their mental health, half of whom did not have a mental health problem according to the screening scales. Motivational reasons were most often endorsed for not seeking any help, while a financial barrier was the most important reason for not seeking extra help.Conclusions: The prevalence of unmet mental health needs is high. Normative and perceived (unmet) mental health needs are both relevant and complementary, but are predicted by different factors. More research is needed on this discrepancy.
Socioeconomic, intrapersonal and food environmental correlates of unhealthy snack consumption in Indian adolescents
Authors: Moitra Panchali , Madan Jagmeet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Unhealthy snacking habits in adolescents are typically triggered by obesogenic food environments and possibly perpetuated through interactions between socio-environmental factors and personal perceptions, attitudes, and motivations to change eating behaviors. This study attempted to address the knowledge gap regarding the association of intrapersonal, socioeconomic, and food environmental characteristics with unhealthy snack consumption in Indian adolescents, presenting several culturally situated targets for effective interventions.Methods: A representative sample of 10-12 years old adolescents (n 712) completed a cross-sectional survey including eating habits, characteristics of school and home food environments, and perceptions related to affordability, convenience, and barriers within the food environments. The frequency of unhealthy snack consumption was assessed using a validated qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses determined the associated factors of unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private and public schools. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 10.9 (1.1) years, 48.2% were girls and 53.9% attended private schools. The most frequently consumed unhealthy snacks were biscuits/ cookies (5.2d/wk) followed by wafers (3.4d/wk) and Indian fried snacks- samosa/ vada pav (2.8 d/wk). Among the public-school adolescents, the odds of unhealthy snack consumption were 0.89 times lower when meals were had frequently at the dinner table and 4.97 times higher when the perceived barriers related to the affordability of healthy snacks were greater. Maternal education (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.82, < 0.001), family income (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.98-2.32, p < 0.001), availability of unhealthy snacks (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.36-3.46, p < 0.001) and fruits at home (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.69, p < 0.001), having evening meals together (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.81, p 0.031), and perceived parental control during mealtimes (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72, p < 0.001) were associated with unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private schools.Conclusions: The results highlighted a pervasiveness of unhealthy snacks in adolescents’ food environments. Improving provisions and affordability of fruits and healthy snacks at schools, encouraging family mealtimes, limiting the availability of unhealthy snacks at home whilst addressing the perceived barriers within food environments, and inculcating self-efficacy skills can improve snacking habits in Indian adolescents, irrespective of socioeconomic backgrounds.
Real-world patient characteristics, treatment patterns, efficacy and safety of intramuscular ketamine treatment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ahuja Sachin , Brendle Madeline , Smart Leo , Moore Claire , Thielking Paul , Robison Reid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Ketamine has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapy for depression and other mental illnesses, and the intramuscular (IM) administration of ketamine is now offered at many North American outpatient psychiatric clinics. However, a characterization of the outpatient population receiving IM ketamine treatment, and an evaluation of the real-world efficacy and safety of long-term IM ketamine treatment, has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and adverse events of patients receiving IM ketamine treatment.Methods Patient data from the electronic health records of a private outpatient psychiatric clinic network in the United States were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Adults who received ketamine treatment only by IM administration from January 2018 to June 2021 were included; a total of 452 patients were included in the cohort.Results Patients receiving IM ketamine treatment had a mean of 2.8 (SD 1.4) psychiatric diagnoses. 420 (93%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 243 (54%) patients had a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, and 126 (28%) patients had a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Thirty-seven percent (42/114) of patients reported a history of a previous suicide attempt, and patients had an average of 3.1 (SD 2.9) psychiatric medication prescriptions at baseline. Patients received between 1 and 48 IM ketamine treatments. Average depression and anxiety symptoms both significantly improved by 34% (p < .001) from baseline (PHQ-9: mean=16.3, SD=6.7; GAD-7: mean=12.8, SD=5.7) to patients’ last treatment (PHQ-9: mean=10.8, SD=5.9; GAD-7: mean=8.4, SD=5.5), and suicidal ideation scores also significantly improved (p < .001) . With maintenance ketamine treatments, median improvements in depression and anxiety of at least 21% and 19% were maintained for over 13 months. An adverse event occurred during 59 of 2,532 treatments (2.3%).Conclusions IM ketamine is being utilized to treat psychiatric outpatients with a moderate-to-severe mental health history and multiple mental illnesses not limited to depression. Average depression and anxiety levels significantly improve throughout IM ketamine treatment and do not regress to baseline for over one year with maintenance treatments. Prospective studies are recommended to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of IM ketamine.
Synthesis 2-Bromo-6-(4,5-Diphenyl-1-((1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl) Methyl)-1H-Imidazol-2-yl) Pyridine Derivatives: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Lakavath Ramdas , Dharmasothu Veeranna , Guguloth Ravi , Bujji Sushmitha , Ramchader Jadhav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A series of novel 2-bromo-6-(4,5-diphenyl-1-((subtituted-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (7a-l) were synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against two human cancer cell lines such as HT-1080 (Human fibro sarcoma cells) and Caco-2(Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) and IC50values were compared against standard anticancer drug doxorubicin. Among all the synthesized compounds 7b, 7c and 7f has shown potent activity against HT-1080. Similarly compounds 7b and 7c shown significant activity among all the synthesized compounds against Caco-2. Furthermore, the results were supported by molecular docking studies.
Libration-Free Cargo Transfer of Floating Space Elevator
Authors: Shi Gefei , Zhu Zheng H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the libration-free cargo transfer control of a partial space elevator where the main satellite may change its orbital state in the transfer period. The orbital motion of the main satellite in the climber transfer period is first studied. Then, a reduced-order libration-free dynamics of the partial space elevator is derived. Accordingly, a novel libration-free switching control strategy is proposed to stabilize the cargo transportation with two alternating controllers. The Controller I controls the cargo speed in the libration-free mode by a shrinking horizon model predictive control based on the reduced-order libration-free dynamic mode of the partial space elevator. This leads to high computational efficiency in control. Once the libration is induced by the cargo transfer, the control turns off the Controller I and activates the Controller II to suppress the libration to zero within one time step of the Controller I by a novel prescribed-time control law based on the fixed-time control scheme. The stability of the control is proved in the Lyapunov framework. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated by computation simulation. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control strategy is effective in keeping stable cargo transportation while ensuring the equilibrium state at the end of transportation.
Climate change and local anthropogenic activities have altered river flow regimes across Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Booker Douglas , Snelder Ton 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
River flow regimes influence ecologic, cultural, social, aesthetic, and economic values. Detecting changes in river flows and attributing their causes is important but challenging due to the combined influence of climate and relevant local activities, and the lack of data on water abstraction, drainage modification or land use management. This study assessed the degree to which trends in river flows could be attributed to changes in climate versus local anthropogenic activities across Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand. Trends were assessed for a period that started immediately after a change in regulatory regime in 1991 and ended in 2020, that coincided with increases in water abstraction and changes in water management practices. Trends in observed summer conditions indicated that rainfall was stable, temperature increased, and flows decreased for many sites during the assessed period. Models representing flow as a function of rainfall and temperature were trained and tested using cross-validation for an earlier baseline period. Predictions for the 1991–2020 period made with the models were used to account for the effect of change in climate. The difference between predicted and observed flows were attributed to changes in local activities. Decreases in summer flows were partially associated with changes in climate, but changes in summer flows in several catchments were also associated with local activities. The findings indicate changes to both climate and local activities have combined to alter flow regimes, suggesting that hydrological impacts of local activities should be considered alongside climate change when making river flow management decisions.
Intracavitary brachytherapy with additional Heyman capsules in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Scharl Sophia , Hugo Christine , Weidenbächer Clara-Bianca , Bronger Holger , Brambs Christine , Kiechle Marion , Makowski Marcus R. , Combs Stephanie E. , Schüttrumpf Lars 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeBrachytherapy is a mandatory component of primary radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer. The dose can be applied with a traditional intracavitary approach (IC alone) or with multiple catheter brachytherapy to optimize dose distribution in an individual concept. We therefore evaluated whether the utilization of a tandem-ring applicator plus additional intracavitary applicators (add IC) provides an advantage over the traditional IC alone approach as this method is less time consuming and less invasive compared to a combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy.Methods23 procedures of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer with additional intracavitary applicators performed in 7 patients treated between 2016 and 2018 in our institution were included in this study. Plans were optimized for D90 HR-CTV with and without the utilization of the additional applicators and compared by statistical analysis. ResultsD90 for HR-CTV was 5.71Gy (± 1.17Gy) for fractions optimized with add IC approach and 5.29Gy (± 1.24Gy) for fractions without additional applicators (p<0.01). This translates to a calculated mean EQD2 HR-CTV D90 of 80.72Gy (± 8.34Gy) compared to 77.84Gy (± 8.49Gy) after external beam therapy and four fractions of brachytherapy for add IC and IC alone respectively (p<0.01). The predictive value of improved coverage of HR-CTV in the first fraction was high.ConclusionIn a subgroup of cases, the addition of intracavitary heyman capsules can be an alternative to interstitial brachytherapy to improve the plan quality compared to standard IC alone brachytherapy. The benefit from the addition of applicators in the first fraction is predictive for the following fractions.
Exploring Infant Feeding Practices and associated factors among HIV Positive Mothers Attending Early Infant Diagnosis Clinic in Northern Uganda.
Authors: mutawulira Ivan , Nakachwa Jane , Muharabu Laymond , Walekhwa Abel Wilson , Kayina Vincent 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
World Health Organisation recommends mothers with Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months and there after introduce complimentary feeding up to one year. This study assessed the infant feeding practices and their determinants among HIV positive mothers with infants 0–12 months.
Methodology:
A cross sectional study design adopting qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures was used. Study was carried out from Awach Health Center IV in Gulu city, Uganda. We enrolled 108 participants who were HIV positive mothers with an infant from October to December 2021. It was simple random sampling for collecting quantitative data using an interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire. Two Focuss Group Discussions (FGDs) and 5 Key informants interviews (KII) were used to obtain qualitative data. Data was collected edited coded and entered into epi info. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Qualitative data was analysed using Atlas.ti software.
Results
Of the 108 mothers, 83/108 (77%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding, 25/108 (23%) mixed feeding. Qualitative results also showed that exclusive breastfeeding was the preferred choice. Of the respondents 104/108 (96.3%) believed HIV can be transmitted to their babies. Factors associated with infant feeding practices at multivariant level at 5% significance were age of the child (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.2100.988), income level (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.150-10.631), knowledge on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (OR = 16, 95% CI: 3.618–34.18), Early infant diagnosis clinic visits (OR = 0.118, 95% CI: 0.019–0.704) and the place of delivery (OR = 1.976, 95% CI: 1.295–13.233).
Conclusion
Majority of the mothers practiced Exclusive breastfeeding, although a high number still practice mixed feeding. Majority of mothers had good knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmission. The factors identified in our study that influence infant feeding practices were Early infant diagnosis clinic visits, age of the child, place of delivery, knowledge on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission. Mothers should deliver from hospitals, more sensitizations for these mothers to appreciate the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
The Effectiveness of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCS) in Developing Pedagogical and Psychological Processes: A Thematic synthesis
Authors: Jamebozorg Zahra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are web-based platforms that have significantly impacted various aspects of education and learning. This practical and qualitative study was conducted using the thematic synthesis method based on the Atridasterling model. This study investigates the effects of MOOCs on pedagogical and psychological trends in scientific research in international and Iranian studies from 2016 to 2021. Therefore, 125 English and 15 Persian articles were selected and analyzed using the purposeful method and theoretical saturation criteria. The qualitative data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2010. The results showed the effectiveness of MOOCs at the international studies, including the estimated efficiency in learning (Individual learning, learning process, Learning product, Social learning), education (Job skills, Identifying the academic problem, Planning and implementation, Course and educational content), psychological( Self-help skills, Cognitive effectiveness, Functional effectiveness, Life Skills, Motivational effectiveness, positive psychology, emotional effectiveness, Learning Social psychology variables) and pedagogical (Education and higher education processes). The effectiveness of MOOCs in Iranian studies includes the fields of learning (learning efficiency), psychology (improving psychological processes in education), education (improving teaching processes), and technology (promoting digital literacy). Finally, according to the findings, MOOCs can influence many dimensions and the nature of pedagogical and psychological processes.