bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia—From Intensive Chemotherapy Combinations to Chemotherapy-Free Regimens
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Haddad Fadi G. , Short Nicholas J. , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: July 2022

ImportanceWith the advent of potent BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is now a relatively favorable-risk acute leukemia. In this review, we discuss the current evidence for frontline therapies of Ph-positive ALL, the major principles that guide therapy, and the progress with chemotherapy-free regimens.ObservationsIncorporating TKIs into the chemotherapy regimens of patients with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL has led to improved remission rates, higher probability of reaching allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), and longer survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Early achievement of a complete molecular remission (CMR) is an important end point in Ph-positive ALL and identifies patients who have excellent long-term survival and may not need allogeneic SCT. Second-generation TKIs combined with intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy resulted in higher CMR rates compared with imatinib-based regimens. This translated into better outcomes, with less reliance on allogeneic SCT. To further improve the outcomes, the potent third-generation TKI ponatinib was added to chemotherapy. The combination of hyper-CVAD and ponatinib resulted in an overall CMR rate of 84% and a 5-year survival rate of 73% and 86% among patients who did and did not undergo allogeneic SCT, respectively, suggesting that allogeneic SCT may not be needed with this regimen. The recent chemotherapy-free combination of dasatinib and blinatumomab was safe and effective in patients with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL and resulted in an estimated 3-year OS rate of 80%; 50% of patients underwent allogeneic SCT. The chemotherapy-free regimen of ponatinib and blinatumomab resulted in a CMR rate of 86% and a 2-year survival rate of 93%, with no relapses or leukemia-related deaths, and with only 1 patient proceeding to allogeneic SCT.Conclusions and RelevanceThe promising results obtained with the chemotherapy-free regimens of blinatumomab plus TKIs question the role of allogeneic SCT in first remission. Patients with Ph-positive ALL who achieve early and deep molecular responses have excellent long-term outcomes and may not benefit from allogeneic SCT.
Biochemical and clinical biomarkers in adult SMA 3–4 patients treated with nusinersen for 22 months
Authors: De Wel Bram , De Schaepdryver Maxim , Poesen Koen , Claeys Kristl G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate biomarkers of disease progression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Furthermore, we assess the clinical response to nusinersen treatment in adults with SMA over a longer follow‐up period than the previously reported 6–14 months.MethodsWe included 16 adults with SMA type 3–4 for nusinersen treatment over 22 months in this prospective study. We evaluated chitotriosidase‐1 (CHIT1) and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) as neuroinflammatory biomarkers in CSF, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and heavy chain (pNfH) as neurodegenerative markers in CSF and serum at baseline, month 6, 14 and 22, together with a wide range of clinical outcome measures.ResultsLevels of CHIT1 increased significantly (p = 0.048) throughout the 22‐month treatment period and pNfH decreased significantly (p = 0.022) in CSF, but both did not correlate with clinical outcome measures. YKL‐40 correlated strongly with neurofilaments in CSF (rho = 0.76) and decreased significantly (p = 0.037) in patients with improvements in the revised upper limb module (RULM). Finally, patients showed significant improvements in hand grip strength, hand motor function, medical research council (MRC) sum score, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after 22 months of treatment.InterpretationYKL‐40 in CSF correlated with clinical improvements during nusinersen treatment. In contrast, CHIT1 and pNfH in CSF changed significantly during treatment but did not correlate with clinical outcomes. Finally, we demonstrated a sustained clinical effect of nusinersen treatment in adults after 22 months.
Deepening Insights into Near‐Infrared Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Lasing: The Charm of Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Yang Wan‐Ying , Lai Run‐Chen , Wu Jun‐Jie , Yu You‐Jun , Yan Chang‐Cun , Sun Chao‐Fan , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐active organic semiconductor materials, characterized by a or several resonance‐assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHBs), are supposed to be ideal candidates for achieving high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) lasers. However, according to the energy gap law, the development of ESIPT‐active gain materials is still limited by the serious nonradiative decays. Herein, it is demonstrated that RAHBs can activate ESIPT lasing by inhibiting nonradiative decays. A new ESIPT‐active material 1,5‐dihydroxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐DHAQ) containing two centrosymmetric RAHBs is developed, which exhibits a ≈100‐fold higher radiative decay rate (kr = 1.1 × 1010 s–1) in doped polystyrene (PS) film than that of 1‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐HMAQ) and 1,5‐dimethoxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐DMAQ), in which one and two RAHBs are broken, respectively, by introducing methyl groups. Both DP‐DHAQ and DP‐HMAQ can form four‐level systems based on the ESIPT processes, but only DP‐DHAQ doped PS microspheres exhibit laser emission at 710 nm under the test conditions. It is worth mentioning that single‐crystal microplates of DP‐DHAQ can realize NIR laser emission at 725 nm. The results suggest that RAHBs can effectively activate the gain property of ESIPT‐active materials, which deepens insights into NIR ESIPT lasing and provides a new proposal for the design of organic laser‐active molecules.
Fully Programmable Collective Behavior of Light‐Powered Chemical Microrobotics: pH‐Dependent Motion Behavior Switch and Controlled Cancer Cell Destruction
Authors: Dekanovsky Lukas , Ying Yulong , Zelenka Jaroslav , Plutnar Jan , Beladi‐Mousavi Seyyed Mohsen , Křížová Ivana , Novotný Filip , Ruml Tomáš , Pumera Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of fuel‐free light‐powered multi stimuli‐responsive microrobots is becoming a vital field in biomedical research. The challenge is to design biomedical robots with precise motion control and novel functionalities such that one day they will stand alongside medical staff as fully fledged partners in the delivery of advanced non‐invasive therapeutic procedures. In this study, a simple one‐step etching/polymerization procedure is used to fabricate crystalline metal‐organic framework structures surface‐coated with a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) layer and then enriched with Methylene Blue sensitizer molecules. Due to the PPy surface charge, the microrobots start to move when exposed to a visible light source, enabling the controllable accumulation of the microrobots at the focal point of the light beam. Furthermore, a self‐regulated motion is achieved by the PPy surface charge also providing a pH‐dependent switch capable of altering microrobot behavior. In vitro study is conducted to test microrobot efficiency against human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. It is shown that the micromotors are able to penetrate and successfully destroy the cancer cells. The work provides proof‐of‐concept for a novel strategy in which such microrobots can be guided by an optical beam, can self‐regulate movement toward or away from each other, and can perform therapeutic functions with great efficiency.
Ternary‐Porous Conjugated N‐Halamine Nanofibers/Graphene Aerogels for Rechargeable Degradation of Mustard Gas
Authors: Yan Zishuo , Liu Xiaoyan , Si Yang , Dai Zijian , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChemical warfare agents (CWAs) are significant threats to human peace and global safety. Most of the personal protective equipment in service used to barrier CWAs is devoid of decontamination activity. Rechargeable N‐halamine‐based detoxifying nanofibers/graphene chemical protective aerogels (HNAs) with ternary pores bearing π‐conjugation galleries that can effectively capture mustard gas through halogen bonds and convert them into the nontoxic products are proposed. Microporous nanofibers together with graphene construct a robust lamellar conjugated system dominated by π‐π interactions, providing interconnected channels for rapid dispersion and diffusion of contaminated fluid. The resulting HNAs exhibit integrated performances of low density, hierarchical porosity, a speedy recovery after a significant deformation, rechargeable vesicants decontamination (half‐life of 1.52 min), and low filtration resistance. The successful fabrication of the intriguing materials provides new insights into the generation of reliable, rechargeable, structurally adaptable, and long‐term usable real‐time detoxifying adsorbents for chemical personal protective equipment application.
Laser‐Assisted Thermomechanical Thinning of MoTe2 in Nanoscale Lateral Resolution
Authors: Rho Yoonsoo , Kim Hyungjin , Javey Ali , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA key feature of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDCs) is that their properties are strongly dependent on their thickness, typically appearing in ultrathin mono‐ or few‐ layers. Thus, precise control of functional nanostructure is critical for fundamental research and applications in 2D‐TMDCs. Here, atomic layer precision thinning of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) at nanoscale lateral resolution by introducing laser irradiated hot tip is demonstrated. The contact of the hot tip on MoTe2 surface promotes oxidation at nanoscale resolution which is simultaneously removed by thermomechanical scribing. This process completes the atomic layer precision thinning of MoTe2 while maintaining the high crystallinity of thinned MoTe2 flake. Further, the electrical properties of the MoTe2 flake are intact after thinning, which proves that the thinned MoTe2 flake obtained by these methods can potentially be utilized for device fabrication. It is believed that the work will enable applications of 2D‐TMDCs that require nanoscale resolution with controlled thickness.
Development of Low‐Temperature Doping Process in CdSe‐Nanocrystal Thin Films for Flexible Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Jung Byung Ku , Ahn Junhyuk , Park Taesung , Shin Chanho , Ng Tse Nga , Kim In Soo , Choi Ji‐Hyuk , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn effective surface‐doping strategy for CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) by examining the size‐dependency of the doping behavior is introduced. A CdSe NC thin‐film transistor (TFT) is fabricated via a doping process with InCl3 treatment followed by an annealing process. Spectroscopic and electronic device characterization reveal that smaller NCs are more effectively doped than larger NCs at all annealing temperatures. This is attributed to the larger specific surface area, where the dopant can be more readily coordinated. The degenerate behavior of a 3.3 nm CdSe‐NC TFT appears at a lower temperature than that of larger NC TFTs. High electron mobility and on‐to‐off current ratio of 1.79 cm2 Vs−1 and 5.2 × 105, respectively are achieved, in a low‐temperature annealing process (150 °C) with 3.3 nm CdSe NCs. This facilitates the fabrication of a flexible CdSe‐NC TFT, which is demonstrated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with an Al2O3 dielectric layer using atomic layer deposition. The flexible 3.3 nm CdSe‐NC TFT is successfully fabricated even at 150 °C, with a high on‐to‐off current ratio and low hysteresis at a low operation voltage, which is impossible for larger CdSe‐NC TFTs.
Achieving Excellent Energy Storage Properties in Fine‐Grain High‐Entropy Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Guo Jian , Xiao Wenrong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Ji , Wang Jing , Zhang Guangzu , Zhang Shan‐Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractABO3‐type high‐entropy relaxor ferroelectric ceramics have rarely been studied in energy storage capacitor owing to easy formation of impurity phase. In this work, single phase (Bi0.2Na0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3‐xmol%PbO high‐entropy ceramics are fabricated and investigated. The optimal composition of x = 2.0 shows a remarkable comprehensive energy storage performance with high recoverable energy density Wrec = 8.2 J cm–3, ultrahigh efficiency η = 92.2%, excellent temperature stability (Wrec = 4.4 J cm‐3 ± 4%, η = 91% ± 3% within the range of 25–120 °C), and ultrafast discharge rate t0.9 = 5.9 µs. Three key factors, low remnant polarization Pr originating from high‐entropy enhanced relaxation degree, high maximum polarization Pm due to special electronic structure of Pb ion, and high electrical breakdown strength Eb stemming from small grain size, are responsible for the improved energy storage properties. These results provide a novel strategy of developing high‐entropy ceramics to optimize electrical performances including energy storage property.
Constructing Self‐Adapting Electrostatic Interface on Lithium Metal Anode for Stable 400 Wh kg−1 Pouch Cells
Authors: Zhao Peiyu , Li Yong , Chen Shengjie , Fan Hao , Feng Yangyang , Hu LinLin , Zhang Yanhua , Nie Qiaona , Pei Haijuan , Yang Cheng , Deng JunKai , Bao Chonggao , Song Jiangxuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe realization of large‐capacity, high‐energy‐density Li metal battery technology is seriously impeded by dendrite growth and massive dead lithium formation upon cycling. Here, a stable flexible electrostatic self‐adapting polymer (poly(1‐benzyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium), (PBM)) interface is reported to regulate lithium‐ion deposition for dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries. The cationic PBM interlayer can adaptively tune the surface current density near the lithium/electrolyte interface, inducing a uniform distribution of current density and lithium ions and thus achieving dendrite‐free Li deposition under harsh conditions (lean electrolyte 8.75 µL mAh−1, high areal capacity >4 mAh cm−2). Moreover, the tethered phenyl groups endow PBM with a low reduction potential of −3.7 V versus standard hydrogen electrode by decreasing Hirshfeld charge at the reductive site. This avoids electrochemical reduction and therefore ensures the long‐term stability of the PBM interface. Consequently, the Li|PBM@Cu asymmetric cells deliver a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.38% at 8 mAh cm−2 with lean electrolyte. Notably, the 5.1 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|PBM@Li pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability (0.011% decay/cycle) and high energy density (418.7 Wh kg−1) under realistic conditions (lean electrolyte 2.5 g Ah−1, high areal capacity 5.7 mAh cm−2, and high current density 2.7 mA cm−2).
Wastewater‐recovered struvite evaluation as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source for corn in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Omidire Niyi S. , Brye Kristofor R. , English Leah , Popp Jennie , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Roberts Trenton L. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe perception of wastewater as a resource rather than a pollutant has not been well emphasized. Phosphorus (P) can be precipitated from wastewaters as the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), which can be a potential sustainable alternative to the limited, rock phosphate (RP)‐dependent, traditional fertilizer‐P sources for agricultural production. This field study evaluated the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) and chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) compared with other conventional fertilizer‐P materials (monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP], triple superphosphate [TSP], and RP) on corn (Zea mays L.) response in two consecutive growing seasons in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil (Aquic Fraglossudalf) in eastern Arkansas. Averaged across years, corn yield was numerically largest from ECST (12.9 Mg ha–1), which differed (P < .05) from all other treatments and was numerically smallest from DAP (10.1 Mg ha–1), which was similar to MAP (10.7 Mg ha–1), CPST (10.3 Mg ha–1), and RP (10.3 Mg ha–1). Corn yield and kernel P uptake from ECST were at least 1.2 times greater (P < .05) than from CPST, TSP, DAP, and RP. Yield from ECST was 1.2 times greater (P < .05) than from MAP. A partial budget analysis showed that, across both years, fertilizer‐P treatment net revenues for ECST were greater than those associated with the other fertilizer‐P sources. Results demonstrated that wastewater‐recovered struvite materials have the potential to be a sustainable source of P for corn production in P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil from both a technical and economic perspective.
In‐catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Azobenzenes to Hydrazobenzenes with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Fuqin , Liu Na , Wei Zixiang , Xu Jianbin , He Zhenxiu , Guo Yafei , Fan Baomin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel reducing system, In(OTf)3/PhSiH3, was developed, which smoothly and effectively hydrogenates a variety of azobenzenes to hydrazobenzenes. Azobenzenes with diverse functional groups were reduced to their corresponding hydrazobenzenes in high yields. The catalytic method utilized is simple and operates under exceedingly mild conditions.
An Efficient Access to 5‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)isoxazoles – Previously Unknown Structural Type of Triazole‐isoxazole Hybrid Molecule
Authors: Vasilenko Dmitry A. , Dronov Sevastian E. , Grishin Yuri K. , Averina Elena B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince isoxazole and triazole have significant applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, the synthesis of hybrid isoxazole‐triazole molecules has attracted great attention. In the present study, an efficient method for the synthesis of 5‐azidoisoxazoles has been developed via chemoselective nitro‐group substitution of 3‐EWG‐5‐nitroisoxazoles with sodium azide through the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The resulting 5‐azidoisoxazoles are employed in CuACC‐reaction with a variety of alkynes, providing a straightforward approach for the synthesis of previously unknown structure type of biologically relevant 5‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)isoxazoles. Both reactions proceed with excellent yields and functional group tolerance under mild conditions.
Aniline‐Mediated Imination and Reduction of a Cage‐Opened C60 Derivative
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe imination of a cage‐opened fullerene C60 derivative was examined using N,N‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine. The desired imine derivative showed a remarkably intense near‐infrared (NIR) absorption band (λedge=1050 nm). According to theoretical calculations, the longest wavelength absorption is assignable to the HOMO→LUMO transition with a strong charge‐transfer character, in which the HOMO localizes on the introduced imine moiety while the high LUMO coefficients can be seen over the entire C60 skeleton. It should be noted that the two reduced compounds bearing an amine or methylene group were also formed in the reaction producing the imine derivative, the former of which again showed NIR absorption tailing to 1200 nm. In this reduction, the hydride source is considered to be α‐hydrogen of the diamine so that the use of N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine increased the yield of the methylene derivative up to 20%.
A benzimidazole‐linked porphyrin covalent organic polymers as efficient heterogeneous catalyst/photocatalyst
Authors: Wei Jiaojiao , Wang Dan , Li Jun , Zhang Jiale , Wang Ning , Li Jun 
Published: July 2022

Porphyrins are selected as building units to synthesize porphyrin‐based covalent organic polymers (COPs), which can combine the excellent properties of covalent organic polymers with the fantastic catalytic effect of porphyrin to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic activity. In this work, the novel benzimidazole‐linked porphyrin COPs MPp‐BTA (M = 2H, Zn, Co) were synthesized using a new porphyrin with aldehyde group peripherally MPp (M = 2H, Zn, Co) and 1,2,4,5‐tetraminobenzene tetrahydrochloride (BTA) as monomers. The synthesized MPp‐BTA were carefully characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, SEM, TEM, TG, and PXRD. As heterogeneous catalyst, MPp‐BTA (M = Zn, Co) shows the high catalytic activity and stability for cycloaddition of CO2 with phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) under mild conditions (80°C, 0.1 MPa CO2), and the yield of cyclocarbonate can reach 95% and 92% respectively. In addition, the recycling stability of ZnPp‐BTA was investigated, and the yield of cyclocarbonate was still remained at 86% after five cycles. Furthermore, MPp‐BTA (M = 2H, Zn, Co) can be used directly as heterogeneous photocatalysts for selective oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide. To our delight, H2Pp‐BTA shows satisfactory photocatalytic performance, and the yield of methyl phenyl sulfoxide can reach 93% in 4 h.
A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Cermak Steven C. , Doll Kenneth M. , Kenar James A. , Sharma Brajendra K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFatty epoxides are produced from the corresponding alkenes by oxidation in the presence of peracids or other oxidants. The classic method is the Prilezhaev epoxidation in which peracids are generated by in situ oxidation of formic or acetic acids with hydrogen peroxide. Epoxidized vegetable oils and esters are used directly as biobased plasticizers and stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) or as important platform chemicals for the oleochemical industry. Nucleophilic attack at the oxirane moiety affords a variety of ring opened monomeric or polymeric products, which in many cases undergo further synthetic modification to yield finished products. The most common nucleophiles include water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, and amines, although numerous others can also lead to valuable functionalized fatty derivatives. This review summarizes the chemistry of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions as well as applications of the resultant products. Literature from the last 20 years will be emphasized, although older publications of particular significance will be included. Important applications include biobased lubricants as well as polyols for subsequent production of polyurethanes. In addition, ring‐opening reactions hitherto unreported on fatty oxiranes will be suggested to facilitate further advancements in the chemistry and utility of fatty epoxides. Finally, interest in fatty epoxides and their consequent products will continue to grow due to the simplicity, efficiency, and versatility of oxirane formation and ring opening as well as the continued societal transition away from petroleum to a sustainable, circular, low‐carbon, and biobased economy.
Organoid transduction using recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Belova Lyubava , Lavrov Alexander , Smirnikhina Svetlana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCellular 3D structures, for example, organoids, are an excellent model for studying and developing treatments for various diseases, including hereditary ones. Therefore, they are increasingly being used in biomedical research. From the point of view of safety and efficacy, recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors are currently most in demand for the delivery of various transgenes for gene replacement therapy or other applications. The delivery of transgenes using rAAV vectors to various types of organoids is an urgent task, however, it is associated with a number of problems that are discussed in this review. Cellular heterogeneity and specifics of cultivation of 3D structures determine the complexity of rAAV delivery and are sometimes associated with low transduction efficiency. This review surveys the main ways to solve emerging problems and increase the efficiency of transgene delivery using rAAVs to organoids. A clear understanding of the stage of development of the organoid, its cellular composition and the presence of surface receptors will allow obtaining high levels of organoid transduction with existing rAAV vectors.