bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Perubahan Luasan dan Kerapatan Ekosistem Mangrove Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Sembilang Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat 8
Authors: Febrianto Sigit , Syafina Hanan Azzahra , Latifah Nurul , Muskananfola Max Rudolf 
Published: October 2022

The Mangrove Ecosystem is the most extensive forest in the Sembilang National Park (TNS) area. This area is located on the east coast of South Sumatra Province. The Sembilang National Park area has a natural mangrove forest of 88,555 ha. This area is known as the largest natural mangrove forest on the island of Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the area and density of mangroves in a period of 5 years using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The results of the analysis show that the mangrove area in 2014 was 92,731 ha and the mangrove area in 2019 was 88,586 ha, the area decreased by 4,145 ha or about 4.5%. The main factors influencing changes in mangrove area and density are human activities such as land clearing near mangrove forest areas. In addition, there are natural factors that are dominantly influenced by abrasion and river sedimentation. Ekosistem Mangrove merupakan hutan paling luas yang terdapat di kawasan Taman Nasional Sembilang (TNS). Kawasan ini terletak di pesisir timur Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Kawasan TN Sembilang memiliki hutan mangrove alami seluas 88.555 ha. Kawasan ini dikenal sebagai hutan mangrove alami terluas di Pulau Sumatera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan luasan dan kerapatan mangrove dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8. Teknik analisis spasial yang digunakan untuk mengkelaskan mangrove dan non mangrove serta kerapatan dengan menggunakan Supervised Classification dan NDVI. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa luasan mangrove pada tahun 2014 seluas 92.731 ha dan luasan mangrove tahun 2019 seluas 88.586 ha, luasan mengalami penurunan sebesar 4.145 ha atau sekitar 4,5%. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan luas dan kerapatan mangrove yang utama adalah aktivitas manusia seperti pembukaan lahan di dekat area hutan mangrove. Selain itu, terdapat faktor alam mempunyai yang dominan dipengaruhi oleh abrasi dan sedimentasi sungai.
The investigation of the complex population-drug-drug interaction between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and chloroquine or ivermectin using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Alsmadi Mo’tasem M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Therapy failure caused by complex population-drug-drug (PDDI) interactions including CYP3A4 can be predicted using mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. A synergy between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPVr), ivermectin, and chloroquine was suggested to improve COVID-19 treatment. This work aimed to study the PDDI of the two CYP3A4 substrates (ivermectin and chloroquine) with LPVr in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations.

Methods
The PDDI of LPVr with ivermectin or chloroquine was investigated. Pearson’s correlations between plasma, saliva, and lung interstitial fluid (ISF) levels were evaluated. Target site (lung epithelial lining fluid [ELF]) levels of ivermectin and chloroquine were estimated.

Results
Upon LPVr coadministration, while the chloroquine plasma levels were reduced by 30, 40, and 20%, the ivermectin plasma levels were increased by a minimum of 425, 234, and 453% in adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations, respectively. The established correlation equations can be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and dosing regimen optimization.

Conclusions
Neither chloroquine nor ivermectin reached therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of LPVr despite reaching toxic ivermectin plasma levels. PBPK modeling, guided with TDM in saliva, can be advantageous to evaluate the probability of reaching therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of PDDI, especially in home-treated patients.
Aspectual marking from a typologically uncommon origin: a quantitative account of the development of hamē(w) in Middle Persian
Authors: Mofidi Roohollah , Petré Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article follows the early grammaticalization path of a durative adverb to an aspect marker for a range of aspectual uses including durative, focalized, and habitual. In a usage-based approach, we investigate the behavior of hamē(w) in a Middle Persian database with respect to several grammatical variables, and we check its developmental path against the model proposed for the Romance languages by Bertinetto, Ebert and de Groot, aiming to uncover the amount of similarities/differences between those Romance languages and Persian. The results show that the lexical origin of the structure investigated locates Middle Persian in stage (iii) of the model, and the development documented deviates from the rest of the model in various respects. Furthermore, the usual priority of past tense in progressive developments is not observed: the adverb is originally present-oriented, but past tense usage increases as the grammaticalization proceeds.
Distribution of large- and medium-scale loess landslides induced by the Haiyuan Earthquake in 1920 based on field investigation and interpretation of satellite images
Authors: Chang Chaoyu , Bo Jingshan , Qi Wenhao , Qiao Feng , Peng Da 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Studying the distribution law and influencing factors of coseismic landslides has important scientific significance and engineering value for understanding the mechanism of seismic landslides and predicting the occurrence of seismic landslides. After a hundred years, these large- and medium-scale landslides induced by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake are still well-preserved and have extremely high academic research value. About 620 loess seismic landslides induced by the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920 were investigated on site. On this basis, the shape differences between seismic landslides and gravity landslides were summarized; 605 landslides were identified by satellite images, and the Haiyuan earthquake-induced loess landslide database containing seismic information and landslide information was established. The distribution law and morphological characteristics of large- and medium-sized landslides induced by the Haiyuan earthquake were systematically counted according to the conditions of the landslide-intensive area, intensity, and fault upper and lower plates. The influencing factors of loess earthquake landslides were summarized, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) 1,225 large- and medium-sized landslides were induced by the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920. These landslides have the characteristics of long sliding distance, large single scale, and strong disaster-causing. They are mainly distributed in three concentrated areas of Xiji, Haiyuan, and Pengyang. The landslide morphological characteristics of the three landslide-intensive areas are different because the landslide sliding mechanism caused by topography and lithology is different. (2) The landslide distribution has obvious clustering, zonation, and directivity, and has an obvious river distance effect and fault hanging wall effect. (3) The internal influencing factors such as stratum lithology, topography, fault location, and direction, and the role of water control the occurrence location and scale of landslide. The external factor of an earthquake is an important incentive and control factor for landslide occurrence.
Geographic and cartographic inconsistency factors among different cropland classification datasets: A field validation case in Cambodia
Authors: Kang Junmei , Wang Jun , Zhong Mianqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cropland cover datasets is of great significance for research on agricultural monitoring. The existing investigations on the inconsistency of different cropland datasets have mainly focused on first-class cropland and only analyzed the causes of this inconsistency in terms of cartography. To date, investigations have neglected the importance of fine cropland types in studies such as global food security assessment, and a comprehensive analysis of the causes of inconsistency from the perspectives of both cartography and geography is lacking. Moreover, the verification samples of existing studies have primarily been collected based on Google Earth. So, we examined the cropland resources of Cambodia using areal, spatial consistency, elevation classification, and field survey data assessment methods for the Global Food Security-support Analysis Data at 30 m for Southeast Asia, Global Land Cover Fine Surface Cover30-2015, Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover2015, and SERVIR-Mekong datasets and comprehensively investigated the causes of inconsistency in terms of geography and cartography. The results revealed that the consistency of the extracted areas of first-class cropland among the four datasets was high. But, the cropland areas and statistical results from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations are quite different. The overall accuracy (OA) for the first-class cropland of GFSAD30SEACE, GLC_FCS30-2015, and SERVIR-Mekong datasets were >82%. For fine cropland types, however, the OA of the SERVIR-Mekong dataset was relatively high, at 74.87%, while the accuracy levels of the global-scale GLC_FCS30-2015 and FROM_GLC2015 datasets were <50% due to the influence of scale size on mapping accuracy. In addition, in the eastern and northern portions of Cambodia with elevations of 50–200 m, the spatial consistency of the four datasets was low due to the serious confusion between cropland and forest, grassland, and shrub types. Therefore, land cover producers should adopt a zonal stratification strategy, focusing on remote sensing extraction techniques for confusing types in areas with high inconsistency to improve the accuracy of cropland.
Experimental investigation on compressive properties of three-dimensional five-directional braided composites in hygrothermal environment
Authors: Guo Ying , Yan Shi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article describes work concerning the compressive properties in hygrothermal environment of three-dimensional (3D) five-directional braided composites. Hygrothermal aging tests at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80°C and compression tests were carried out on the specimens with three braiding angles of 15, 25, and 35°. The surface morphologies of the samples taken using scanning electron microscope before and after the hygrothermal aging test were used to analyze the influence of the hygrothermal environment on the internal structure of braided composites. The experimental results indicate that the hygrothermal environment has a more influence on the specimens with a braiding angle of 15°, and the greater the moisture absorption percentage, the lower the retention ratios of compressive strength and modulus. Compared with room temperature, the compressive strength and modulus of specimens with a braiding angle of 15° reduced by 72.2 and 82.7% as the water bath temperature increased from 40 to 80°C. Moreover, the failure mechanisms of 3D five-directional braided composites in the hygrothermal environment were analyzed.
Central hypothyroidism: are patients undertreated?
Authors: Marlier Joke , T’Sjoen Guy , Kaufman Jean , Lapauw Bruno 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Thyroid hormone replacement in central hypothyroidism (CHT) is more difficult than in primary hypothyroidism (PHT), putting patients at risk for inappropriate substitution. In this study, we compared the dosage of thyroid hormone replacement in patients with CHT with that of patients with PHT. In addition, we explored and compared quality of life (QoL) between both groups, based on two questionnaires, the SF-36 health score and the thyroid-specific ThyPRO score.

Methods
This is a monocentric, cross-sectional study, performed at the Ghent University Hospital (Belgium). We included 82 patients in total, 41 patients with CHT and 41 patients with PHT. At the time of inclusion, all patients had to have a stable dose of levothyroxine over the past 6 months and patients with PHT needed to be euthyroid (defined as having a thyroid-stimulating hormone level within the reference range, 0.2–4.5 mU/L). All data were retrieved from medical files, and questionnaires on QoL were self-administered.

Results
The CHT and PHT groups were comparable regarding age and BMI. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding total daily dose of levothyroxine (100 (93.75–125.00) vs 107.14 (75.00–133.93) μg in CHT and PHT, respectively; P = 0.87) or daily dose of levothyroxine per kg body weight (1.34 (1.16–1.55) vs 1.55 (1.16–1.82) μg/kg, respectively; P = 0.13). Serum levels of fT4 (P = 0.20) and fT3 (P = 0.10) also did not differ between the two groups and both were in the normal (mid)range for the two groups. Regarding QoL, patients with CHT scored worse in terms of depressive and emotional symptoms, impaired daily and social life.

Conclusion
We could demonstrate a difference in QoL between patients with CHT and PHT. Although patients with CHT had a somewhat lower levothyroxine substitution dose than patients with PHT, this difference was also not significant and probably does not explain the difference in QoL.
Was macht Design-Based Research zu Forschung?
Authors: Reinmann Gabi 
Published: October 2022

Vorläufiges Abstract:
Zunächst werde ich die zentralen Begriffe beziehungsweise Konzepte klären, die das Thema des Textes ausmachen: Ich stelle in aller Kürze die wichtigsten Charakteristika von DBR vor (Abschnitt 2.1) und beleuchte knapp Herkunft und Bedeutung des Begriffs Standard in der Wissenschaft (Abschnitt 2.2). Daran anschließend werden typische wissenschaftliche Standards erörtert, die ihre Wurzeln im Ideal naturwissenschaftlichen Forschens haben, oft aber disziplinübergreifend eingefordert werden (Abschnitt 3.1). Das führt nicht selten dazu, dass der Diskurs um Standards implizit oder explizit einen Streit um (Definitions-)Macht beinhaltet; exemplarisch lässt sich das an der Qualitativen Sozialforschung zeigen (Abschnitt 3.2). Ein Ausweg aus der typischen Streitspirale könnte die Unterscheidung von zwei Ebenen für die Bestimmung von Standards sein: eine Ebene, auf der man die Wissenschaftlichkeit eines Forschungsansatzes generell feststellt (Abschnitt 4.1), und eine Ebene, auf der man sicherstellt, dass ein Forschungsansatz seiner Spezifität, im Falle von DBR dem Design, gerecht wird (Abschnitt 4.2). Auf beiden Ebenen werde ich einige Vorschläge für DBR zur Diskussion stellen. Dabei bleiben allerdings Spannungsmomenten nicht aus: einerseits zwischen Research und Design, den beiden Begriffen, die DBR konstituieren und die sich in den beiden Ebenen spiegeln (Abschnitt 5.1), andererseits zwischen einzelnen Standards unabhängig von ihrer Ebenen-Zugehörigkeit (Abschnitt 5.2). Ein kurzer Ausblick schließt den Beitrag ab (Abschnitt 6).
Kommentar zu „Was macht Design-Based Research zu Forschung? Die Debatte um Standards und die vernachlässigte Rolle des Designs“ von Gabi Reinmann
Authors: Kerres Michael 
Published: October 2022

Der Kommentar nimmt Stellung zu einem Beitrag von Gabi Reinmann über Qualitätskriterien des design-based research (DBR) in der Bildungsforschung. Er stellt "iterative Forschungsdesigns" infrage, die häufig als zentrales Merkmal von DBR betrachtet werden. Als charakteristisch für gestaltungsorientierte Bildungsforschung wird dagegen eine bestimmte Akteurskonstallation dargestellt, bei der Bildungsforschung und -praxis - vor dem Hintergrund ihrer eigenen Referenzsysteme - zusammenwirken, um ein lokales Bildungsanliegen mit einem allgemeinen Forschungsinteresse zu koppeln.
Large bandgap insulating superior clay nanosheets
Authors: Pacakova Barbara , Vullum Per Erik , Kirch Alexsandro , Breu Josef , Miranda Caetano Rodrigues , Fossum Jon Otto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One can find conductive, semiconducting, and insulating single nanosheets with unique electronic properties that are tied to their two-dimensional (2D) structure. Here, we report on wide-bandgap 2D insulator nanosheets obtained by delamination of a synthetic 2D fluorohectorite clay mineral showing one of the largest bandgap insulators in the world. The bandgap was determined experimentally to be up to 7.1–8.2 eV measured by electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The experimental data were supported by DFT calculations giving a bandgap of 5.5 eV. The single fluorohectorite clay crystalline nanosheets are 0.95-nm, and they can be synthetized with high-aspect ratios and lateral dimensions up to dozens of microns. These properties render these nanosheets promising candidates for practical applications in manually assembled or self-assembled electronic heterostructures, potentially serving as insulating nanosheets in graphene or various (semi)conductive 2D material-based devices.

Impact statement
Properties of the synthetic fluorohectorite clay presented in this article render these 0.95-nm-thin nanosheets promising candidates for practical applications in manually assembled or self-assembled electronic heterostructures, potentially serving as insulating nanosheets in graphene or various (semi)conductive 2D material-based devices.
The information provided in this work can be essential for the growing community focused on the study of 2D materials and their wide range of applications.

Graphical abstract
Ética de las intervenciones sobre el embrión preimplantado
Authors: Herranz Gonzalo 
Published: October 2022

The Author describes briefly how, through the confluence of trie new medical specialties of Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Genetics, a wide avenue has been opened to the genetic diagnosis and therapy of the preimplantation embryo. Today, the human embryo in its early stages has become the object of medical experimentation. In the next future, we will see the advent of new techniques for microsurgical manipulation and gene therapy Embryo-fetal Medicine will grow actively.
The Author, after briefly analyzing the origin, and criticizing the meaning, of the term preembryo, condueles, on the basis of unbiased observation of the continuum of human life, that only an attitude of respect for life and the determination to extend to the early human embryo the benefits of (gene)therapy are consistent with the deepest medical-deontological traditions.
En torno a la díada trascendental
Authors: Castilla y Cortázar Blanca 
Published: October 2022

In the Anthropology, the person has a self-organizing communicative structure, so person cannot be unique, lonely. This has been called by Polo: «Coexistence». It shows that the «Díada» (Duality) is richness, plenitude (fullness). This makes possible to mark the difference between two complementary person’s types: the male person and the female person. They could be called: «coexistence-from» and
«coexistence-in».
Kanonizacja Jana Pawła II i Jana XXIII na znaczkach pocztowych Polski i Watykanu
Authors: Janicki Jan Józef 
Published: October 2022

Poczta Polska S.A. i Poczta Watykańska (Ufficio Filatelico e Numismatico Città del Vaticano) wydały wspólne emisje znaczków upamiętniające kanonizację papieży: Jana Pawła II i Jana XXIII, która odbyła się w Rzymie dnia 27 kwietnia 2014 roku. Watykan dnia 21 marca, a Polska 2 kwietnia 2014 roku wprowadziły do obiegu pocztowego blok zawierający dwa znaczki (w wersji polskiej po 5 zł, a w wersji watykańskiej po 1 euro), przedstawiające postaci obu nowych Świętych Papieży na tle wnętrza bazyliki Świętego Piotra. Nakłady emisji polskiej i watykańskiej wynosiły po 200 tys. sztuk.Kanonizację Jana Pawła II upamiętniają dwa bloki (wydane również wspólnie przez Polskę i Watykan) z wizerunkiem Ojca Świętego na błękitnym tle (o nominale 5 zł i 1,90 euro; wydrukowane techniką offsetu na papierze fluorescencyjnym) oraz w kolorze biało-złotawym (nominały: 8,50 zł i 2,50 euro; wykonane stalorytem). Nakłady emisji polskiej i watykańskiej wynosiły po 200 tys. sztuk. Aureolę tworzy siedem kręgów utworzonych z różnych tekstów nauczania świętego Papieża: odpowiednio w języku polskim i włoskim. Autor artykułu odczytał obie te wersje (bardzo trudne do odczytanie bez znacznego powiększenia) i zamieścił je dla PT. Czytelników.Poczty Polski i Watykanu wprowadziły ponadto do obiegu znaczek (odpowiednio o nominałach 2,35 zł i 0,85 euro) z wizerunkiem Papieża Jana Pawła II (jak na bloku). Znaczek został wydany w ozdobnym arkusiku zawierającym sześć wartości w otoczeniu przywieszek z krótkimi tekstami z papieskich przemówień; na marginesie arkusika zamieszczono fotografię figury Chrystusa z fasady bazyliki św. Piotra na Watykanie. Nakład znaczka obu poczt wynosił po 1,5 mln sztuk.
Prawa i obowiązki ludzi pracy w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II
Authors: Dyduch Jan 
Published: October 2022

Człowiek stworzony na obraz i podobieństwo Boże powołany jest do pracy, która jest jego podstawowym obowiązkiem i prawem. Nauczanie Jana Pawła II o godności pracy wypływającej z godności osoby ludzkiej oraz o prawach i obowiązkach związanych z pracą stanowi ważny fragment społecznej nauki Kościoła, która ma swoje korzenie w Ewangelii, która dynamicznie była głoszona przez papieży XIX i XX wieku oraz znajduje kontynuację w nauczaniu papieża Benedykta XVI i papieża Franciszka.
„Quae est iustitia nisi misericordia?” – czyli o przejawach miłosierdzia w prawie kanonicznym i polskim dotyczącym małżeństwa
Authors: Kuczek Diana Jadwiga 
Published: October 2022

Prawo stoi na straży godności ludzkiej, gdy kieruje się zasadą miłosierdzia. Właściwe zrozumienie tej zasady prowadzi do wprowadzenia norm, które chronią dobro małżeństwa i rodziny. Miłosierdzie w prawie nie jest ani pobłażliwością, ani „tanią łaską”. Kodeks prawa kanonicznego jest w tym aspekcie zbieżny z poglądami Dietricha Bonhoeffera. Zasady epikii i słuszności kanonicznej to podłoże kodyfikacji separacji i stwierdzenia nieważności małżeństwa, opartych na personalistycznym podejściu do relacji międzyludzkich. Godność człowieka staje się wykładnią prawa kanonicznego, stawiając przed nim konkretne wymagania stanowiące o małżeństwie. Prawo cywilne poprzez separację daje małżonkom szansę na odbudowanie zniszczonych więzi. Zarówno wprowadzenie obowiązku separacji cywilnej, jak i reforma komunikacji w instytucjach kościelnych to postulaty właściwej inkorporacji miłosierdzia do prawa stanowionego.