bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light Acclimatization in Ptychosperma elegans
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Donselman Henry , McConnell Dennis B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sun-grown (2100 μmol·s-1·m-2) Ptychosperma elegans palms were acclimatized for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 12 months under shade (570 μmol·s-1·m-2). Plant height was greater in palms grown under shade for 6 months or longer and plant color gradually improved when palms were grown under shade for 2 months or longer. Leaves produced under shade had an undifferentiated mesophyll comprised of isodiametric and rectangular cells. Full sun leaves had a mesophyll with distinct palisade cells and abaxial mesophyll cells comprised of rectangular and isodiametric cells. The mesophyll in both light levels had small intercellular spaces. Sun leaves were replaced under shade at a rate of about one leaf every 3 months. After 10 weeks in an interior environment, the number of green leaves remaining on the palms was directly proportional to the number of shade leaves on the plant before placement in the interior environment and to the length of time the palms had been grown under shade.
Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass Evapotranspiration Rates
Authors: Fry Jack D. , Butler Jack D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Potential evapotranspiration (ET) (i.e., ET when soil water is not limiting) rates of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) were determined during two consecutive summers using weighing lysimeters in the field. When evaluated under putting green conditions, significant species differences in ET were observed during several weeks in 1985 and 1986. Differences were small, however, and irrigation requirements should not vary much between these species. Both species exhibited lower water use rates in 1986 when cut at 6 mm (4.6 mm·day-1) than at 12 mm (4.9 mm·day-1). These small differences should not greatly affect water requirements of putting green turf maintained at variable cutting heights. Variability of ET throughout the study periods suggests that water savings could result if ET is monitored, and irrigation adjusted accordingly.
Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Young Orange Trees Grown with High Levels of Silicon
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One-year-old ‘Hamlin’ and 2-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on rough lemon (C. limon Burm. f.) rootstock were grown in solution culture for 7 months. The solutions of the two treatments were identical, except for Si. The KNO3 in the –Si solution was substituted by K2SiO3 and NH4NO3 to supply 66 ppm Si in the +Si solution. Solution pH was initially adjusted with HNO3 and NH4OH and maintained at 7 ± 0.5 by addition of dolomite. Plant weight at 28-day intervals showed significant differences in fresh weight increase between treatments only in the first 2 months. Analysis of eight different tree tissues for Si and 14 other elements showed strong correlations between Si levels and levels of P, S, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo, especially in the leaves, bark, and feeder roots. Si accumulated mostly in the leaves and the feeder roots, a pattern that was also found in field-grown, 17-year-old ‘Hamlin’ on rough lemon trees.
Evaluation of Slow-release Nitrogen Carriers on Centipedegrass
Authors: Carrow R. N. , Johnson B. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several slow-release nitrogen (N) sources, applied as single spring treatments at 98 kg N/ha, were compared to a single application of water-soluble N in April at 98 kg N/ha or 49 kg N/ha applied in April and repeated in June to evaluate their effect on centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] performance. In spring, Escote 100, IBDU (fine, isobutylidene diurea), sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and SCU + AN provided color equal to NH4NO3 (AN), but only treatments containing SCU produced turfgrass quality equal to AN. During the summer, all slow-release N carrier treatments provided turfgrass quality and color that was equal to or better than that provided by AN. Ureaform (UF) resulted in better late fall color than did AN, but fall quality ratings were similar regardless of N source. Thatch accumulation was similar for all treatments and no centipede decline was observed. Leaf N content was not markedly influenced by treatment and no consistent trend in relative growth rate among N sources was apparent. Thus, while no single slow-release N source provided a season-long advantage over AN applied in April, all could be used effectively on centipedegrass.
Growth and Nutrient Status of Celery Seedlings in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization and NO3:NH4 Ratio
Authors: Tremblay Nicolas , Gosselin André 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Celery seedlings (Apium graveolens L. cv. Florida 683) were seeded in multicell styrofoam trays containing a commercial peat mix. They were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing three N fertilizations (150, 250, or 350 mg N/liter) and three NO3:NH4 ratios (1:1, 2:1, or 3:1) in factorial combinations. Growth measurements and saturated medium extracts were obtained on days 38, 45, and 52 after seeding. Increasing N fertilization increased leaf area and shoot dry weight, but decreased root dry weight and root : shoot ratio. The lowest NO3:NH4 ratio had increased the percentage of shoot dry matter by the end of the experiment. Nitrogen was preferentially taken up as NH4-N. The composition of the fertilizer solution had a greater effect on young celery seedlings than on older ones. A minimum of 250 mg N/Iiter at a NO3:NH4 ratio of 2:1 appears to be adequate for celery seedlings grown in multicells.
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation of Pyrus calleryana from Vegetative Buds
Authors: Stimart Dennis P. , Harbage James F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot proliferation of Pyrus calleryana Decne. ‘Bradford’ was investigated on medium containing BA at 0, 1, 2, 10, or 20 µM in factorial combination with IBA at 0, 0.5, or 5.0 µM. Shoot proliferation increased as BA level increased but the magnitude was reduced as IBA level increased. Greatest shoot proliferation was on medium excluding IBA. Shoots were longest on medium containing 1 or 2 µM BA. Medium with 2 µM BA and 0.5 µM IBA was optimum for shoot proliferation and length. Shoot fasciation increased as BA level increased, but addition of IBA to BA reduced fasciation. Rooting of microcuttings with IBA and sucrose was unsuccessful. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H purin-6-amino (BA); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
Isozyme Variation Among Desert Willow Cultivars
Authors: Marquard Robert D. , Tipton Jimmy L. , Skorpenske Richard G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enzyme expression of desert willow [Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet] was studied for malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, esterase, diaphorase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucose isomerase using leaf tissue. Each enzyme was polymorphic and well-resolved by starch gel electrophoresis. One polymorphic region of activity was exhibited by each enzyme, except phosphoglucose isomerase, which produced two polymorphic regions. Malate dehydrogenase or diaphorase and phosphoglucose isomerase can be used to uniquely identify each of the six desert willow cultivars from leaf tissue.
Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Lettuce
Authors: O’Malley P J. , Hartmann R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), a thrips-transmitted virus disease, has become a limiting factor in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production throughout Hawaii and several other areas of the world. In this study, two partially resistant lettuce cultivars, Tinto and PI 342517 (‘Ancora’), were crossed with the susceptible check cultivar Green Mignonette and to each other. Results of resistance tests of the F1 and F2 plants suggest that ‘Tinto’ and PI 342517 have the same genes for resistance and that this resistance is partially dominant.
FLOWERTIPS—A Turbo-Pascal Program for Flower Gardening
Authors: Smith Ronald C. , Askew Robert G. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With thousands of species and named cultivars to choose, it is a challenge to select appropriate plants for landscape applications (3). Selections of annual and perennial plants with specific pictorial characteristics (color, height, longevity, and blooming period), water requirements, and propagation methods can be time-consuming.
‘Flordacres’ Peach
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Lyrene P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Flordacres’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is released for grower trial by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station (Fig. 1). It bears attractive fruit with yellow flesh and ripens after ‘Flordaking’ and before ‘June Gold’ in northern Florida.
‘Loomis’ Muscadine Grape
Authors: Lane R. P. , Owen M. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Loomis’ (Fig. 1) is a pistillate-flowered muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) released by the Univ. of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. ‘Loomis’ is named in recognition of N.H. Loomis, who was the grape breeder at the United States Horticultural Field Station, Meridian, Miss., where it originated.
Scheduling Irrigations for Cucumbers
Authors: Ells James E. , Gordon Kruse E. , McSay Ann E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) irrigation scheduling was studied during the 4 years of 1983-1986. Tensiometers were used during the first year to determine when to irrigate, and the USDA irrigation scheduling program was used to determine the amount of water to apply. The data from the first year’s study indicated that the plants had not been stressed; therefore, the following year, estimates of the available water depletion were made with the USDA irrigation scheduling program, with tensiometers used only for comparison. After 4 years of study, we concluded that the best combination of high yield, high water use efficiency, and fewest number of irrigations was obtained if cucumbers were irrigated when the original scheduling program determined that 40% of the available water was depleted, applying only 70% of the water that the program indicated was required. This signaled that the program was overestimating the rate at which water was being depleted. Therefore, as a final step, a revised set of cucumber coefficients that approximated daily evapotranspiration (ET) more closely was determined. When using the revised coefficients, cucumbers should receive the exact amount of water called for by the irrigation program.
Influence of Dikegulac Sprays on Shoot Emergence and Growth of Asparagus
Authors: Mahotiere Sauveur , Johnson Clarence , Howard Philamenia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spraying 9-month-old asparagus seedlings (Asparagus officinalis L.) with dikegulac-sodium (atrinal) solutions ranging from 0 to 500 ppm in 100-ppm increments increased the number of new shoots, particularly within the range of 300 to 500 ppm. The response was elicited 4 weeks after the treatment and continued thereafter over the 10 weeks, during which measurements were taken. Dikegulac did not affect the height or the fresh and dry weights of the plants for this first phase. Emergence of new shoots after the plants had been cut off was equally affected by dikegulac; 300 to 500 ppm was still the most effective. However, effectiveness was significant after 2 weeks. The height of plants was significantly reduced by the chemical, but the fresh and dry weights were not affected. At the third phase, none of the growth characteristics, including shoot emergence, was affected by the chemical. This lack of response may be attributable to the depletion of carbohydrate reserves in the fleshy roots. Chemical name used: 2,3:4,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-α-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (dikegulac).
Yield Stability Differences Among Collard Cultivars
Authors: Olson Stephen M. , Stoffella Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight collard (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group) cultivars were evaluated for phenotypic yield stability during 4 years in northern Florida. A cultivar, characterized as possessing stability, performed above average yield in both favorable and unfavorable environments, with minimal deviations between environments. Linear relationships between individual cultivar yields and environmental mean yields were used to statistically evaluate phenotypic stability. Cultivars with mean yields above the grand mean, regression coefficients ≤1, and coefficient of linear determination ≥50% were considered to have phenotypic stability. Using these statistical criteria, only ‘Blue Max’ was considered to have phenotypic yield stability; all other cultivars were considered to be unstable. Selection for improved collard yield adaptability could be performed using empirical formulas already developed.
Honey Bee Foraging Behavior on Ornamental Crabapple Pollenizers and Commercial Apple Cultivars
Authors: Mayer D. F. , Johansen C. A. , Lunden J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Data on flower characteristics and honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) foraging behavior were collected on 34 ornamental crabapple and five apple cultivars. Honey bees showed a strong fidelity to foraging on either non-white or white flowers. Nectar reward had little or no correlation to this behavior. Reflectance readings in a blue range (at 436 nm) were more closely correlated with flower-color categories than ultraviolet reflectance. Considering bee behavior and bloom timing, ‘Manchurian’, ‘Snowdrift’, and ‘Golden Hornet’ are potential ornamental crabapple pollenizers for ‘Delicious’ under Pacific Northwest conditions.
A Rapid Method for Determination of Nut Volume of Pecan
Authors: Marquard Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nut weight and percent kernel are most commonly used to estimate size and kernel development of pecans (Carya illinoensis). However, because of differences in shell thickness, nut specific gravity (NSG) is considered, by some, to be more appropriate than percent kernel as a measure of kernel development (2, 3). Another disadvantage of measuring percent kernel is that it is a time-consuming procedure that requires care in nut cracking and kernel extraction.
The South Atlantic Coast Vegetable Project: A Multistate Team Approach to Research on Alternative Farming Opportunities
Authors: Bauer Larry L. , Epperson James E. , Garrett J. Thomas , Sanders Douglas C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The South Atlantic Coast vegetable project, officially titled “Agricultural Adjustment in the Southeast Through Alternative Cropping Systems”, involves a group of horticulturists and agricultural economists working as an interdisciplinary team. This regional project directly involves three universities—the Depts. of Horticulture and Agricultural Economics at Clemson Univ., the Univ. of Georgia, and North Carolina State Univ.
Blueberry Culture in North America
Authors: Hancock James F. , Draper Arlen D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blueberries belong to the genus Vaccinium in the heath family Ericaceae. Several sections are agriculturally important, including Cyanococcus (true blueberries), Oxycoccus (cranberries), and Myrtillus (bilberries and whortleberries). Wild representatives of Oxycoccus and Myrtillus are found in both Europe and North America, while Cyanococcus is solely North American.
Physiological Mechanisms Involved with Genotypic Differences in Ion Absorption and Utilization
Authors: Glass Anthony D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that all plants require at least 16 essential elements for normal growth and development. Yet, even before this group of elements had been defined, fertilizer trials that began at Rothamstead in the 1850s (and continue to the present day) had established that plants differ significantly in their responses to fertilizers and soil amendments and that plant community structure can be dramatically altered by manipulating soil nutrient status (25).
Screening Strategies for Improved Nutrient Uptake and Use by Plants
Authors: Chaney Rufus L. , Bell Paul F. , Coulombe Bruce A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When plant nutrition problems are observed in the field, one is faced with the question “What is the best and most economical way to solve this problem?” Traditionally, workers in both agronomy and horticulture have used soil amendments to correct deficiencies of macro- and micronutrients, and to correct soil pH to avoid Al or Mn toxicity. Horticulturists have had few economic limitations in solving plant nutrition problems because they work with crops with higher production costs and potential profit. Philosophically, we must recognize that some nutrients are removed from soils by cropping, and these must be replaced eventually. We can remove stored nutrients from the soil, but this reduces soil fertility. For elements such as Zn, Cu, Mn, B, and Co, addition of elemental fertilizers is both effective and inexpensive in nearly all cases. Boron, Cu, and Zn fertilization are normal horticultural management practices. Soil testing or plant analysis can identify potential microelement fertility problems and deficiencies can be avoided by timely fertilizer application. Similarly, the pH of the surface soil can be economically raised by limestone to reduce the availability of some toxic ions such as Al and Mn. This approach has been called “Change the soil”.
Genotypic Responses of Vegetable Crops to Nitrogen Nutrition
Authors: Barker Allen V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen is used in large amounts by plants, for it is assimilated into many compounds that are essential and principal plant constituents. Proteins, including enzymes, cofactors of enzymatically catalyzed reactions, genetic material, and chlorophyll, are a few of the N-containing components of plants. Because of the major role of N in plant nutrition, it has been suggested that significant improvements in plant genetic resources could be made by increasing the efficiency of N use in crops (Vose, 1963). Increased efficiency in N use may allow for increased crop productivity or quality and permit plants to survive under conditions of limited supplies of N. Manufacture of N fertilizers accounts for about one-third of the energy consumption in agricultural production, or ≈ 1% of the total energy consumption in the United States (Davis and Blouin, 1977). The fraction of total energy consumption represented by manufacture of N fertilizers is small, but some consider this usage to be a significant portion of the total. Costs of N fertilizers, nevertheless, vary with costs of energy. Consideration of conservation and costs have stimulated interests further for developing cultivars that are efficient in N use.
Air and Substrate Temperatures For ‘Atlas’ and ‘Monika’ Alstroemeria
Authors: Keil-Gunderson L. S. , Goldsberry K. L. , Chapman P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Atlas’ and ‘Monika’ alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrida L.) were grown in cooled (12 to 16C) and noncooled (15 to 18C) gravel substrate in four temperature-controlled greenhouse compartments having mean day/night air temperatures of: 20/14, 20/13, 22/13, and 24/14C. Total flower production of ‘Atlas’ in all compartments was 1.6 times greater than for ‘Monika’. The greatest production of ‘Atlas’ occurred with 20C average daytime air temperatures combined with root substrate temperatures 12C to 14C, which favored year-round production. Warmer day temperatures tended to improve flower grade and stem length of ‘Monika’; however, the higher yield in cooler air temperatures outweighed the contributions of warmer air temperatures to quality. ‘Atlas’ stems were significantly longer and of better quality than ‘Monika’ in all temperature regimes.
Origin of Somatic Embryos in Celery Tissue Culture
Authors: Kim Yong-Hwan , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Somatic embryos were induced from the primary callus of celery (Apium graveolens L. cv. Utah Improved #15) arising from leaf blade explants placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 9 μM 2,4-D for 4 weeks and then subcultured to 2,4-D-free MS medium. The histological origin of somatic embryos was from single cells along the surface of callus clumps. Embryos proceeded in a standard developmental pattern through the globular-, heart-, and torpedo-shaped stages. Secondary somatic embryos occurred on the cotyledons and hypocotyls of primary embryos. Chemical names used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
In Vitro Propagation of Oxydendrum arboreum from Mature Trees
Authors: Banko Thomas J. , Stefani Marcia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoots forced from dormant stems and nodal explants from current season’s growth of a 24-year-old sourwood [Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC] were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with zeatin. The greatest number of shoots >10 mm was produced with 4 μM zeatin, whereas BA and 2iP were ineffective at the same concentrations. Addition of IAA (5 and 10 μM) to the medium reduced the number of shoots. Thidiazuron (0.0045–0.045 μM) produced a few short shoots. In vitro rooting of the proliferated shoots was enhanced with 2.5 to 10 μM of IBA in the culture medium. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA); 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-niten-1-ol (zeatin); N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron, TDZ).
Response of Mycorrhizal Bell Peppers to Inoculation Timing, Phosphorus, and Water Stress
Authors: Waterer Doug R. , Coltman Robert R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Responses of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) to inoculation with the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) Glomus aggregatum (Schenck and Smith emend Koske) were examined under greenhouse and field conditions. Inoculation did not affect tissue P concentrations, growth, or yields in “high”-P soil (0.30 mg P/liter of soil solution) in either the greenhouse or field. In “low”-P soil (0.03 mg P/Iiter), inoculation increased tissue P concentrations, plant weights, and fruit yields relative to noninoculated plants. Tissue P concentrations increased more rapidly after transplanting when seedlings were inoculated at seeding than when inoculation was delayed until transplanting. In the field, total fruit yields and final shoot fresh weights also were higher when transplants were inoculated before transplanting. Water stress reduced fruit yields of plants growing in P-deficient soil less if they were inoculated than if they were not inoculated.
Similarity of Peach Bud Development and Cold Hardiness in Orchards with Different Floor Management Practices
Authors: Sharratt B. S. , Davis G. A. , Ashworth E. N. , Glenn D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Orchard floor management has been found to affect the microclimate both seasonally (4) and on radiation frost nights (1, 3). Altering orchard climates by floor management could potentially modify bud hardiness and development due to radiative and convective heat transfer from the soil to the bud. However, information is unavailable to support this contention. This study was designed to investigate peach bud development and hardiness under two different orchard floor management systems.