bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and favorable neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide multicenter observational study in Japan (the JAAM-OHCA registry)
Authors: Matsuyama Tasuku , Ohta Bon , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to assess the association between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR duration) and outcomes after OHCA.

Methods
This secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study included adult non-traumatic OHCA patients aged ≥ 18 years between June 2014 and December 2017. CPR duration was defined as the time from professional CPR initiation to the time of return of spontaneous circulation or termination of resuscitation. The primary outcome was 1-month survival, with favorable neurological outcomes defined by cerebral performance category 1 or 2. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between CPR duration and favorable neurological outcomes. We also investigated the association between CPR duration and favorable neurological outcomes stratified by case features, including the first documented cardiac rhythm, witnessed status, and presence of bystander CPR.

Results
A total of 23,803 patients were included in this analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the probability of favorable neurological outcomes decreased with CPR duration (i.e., 20.8% [226/1084] in the ≤ 20 min group versus 0.0% [0/708] in the 91–120 min group, P for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, the impact of CPR duration differed depending on the presence of case features; those with shockable, witnessed arrest, and bystander CPR were more likely to achieve favorable neurological outcomes after prolonged CPR duration > 30 min.

Conclusion
The probability of favorable neurological outcome rapidly decreased within a few minutes of CPR duration. But, the impact of CPR duration may be influenced by each patient’s clinical feature.
Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles is highly impacted by the tissue/cell source and culture conditions
Authors: Almeria Ciarra , Kreß Sebastian , Weber Viktoria , Egger Dominik , Kasper Cornelia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures exerting major effects in physiological as well as pathological processes by functioning as vehicles for the delivery of biomolecules to their target cells. An increasing number of effects previously attributed to cell-based therapies have been recognized to be actually mediated by EVs derived from the respective cells, suggesting the administration of purified EVs instead of living cells for cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneity of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) and summarize upstream process parameters that crucially affect the resulting therapeutic properties and biological functions. Hereby, we discuss the effects of the cell source, medium composition, 3D culture, bioreactor culture and hypoxia. Furthermore, aspects of the isolation and storage strategies influences EVs are described. Conclusively, optimization of upstream process parameters should focus on controlling MSC-derived EV heterogeneity for specific therapeutic applications.
Graphical Abstract
Protocol for a systematic review exploring the psychometric properties of self-report health-related quality of life and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Maguire Stephanie , Davison Jenny , McLaughlin Marian , Simms Victoria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Whilst there are studies that have systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of quality of life measures for children and young people with intellectual disabilities, these narrowly focus on disease or health conditions. The objective of this planned systematic review is therefore to collate, summarise, and critically appraise the psychometric properties of self-report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents (aged 11–16) with an intellectual disability.

Methods
We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of studies which explores the psychometric properties of self-report HRQoL and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Electronic databases including PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ERIC will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Quantitative and mixed-methods studies, and studies published in peer-reviewed journals or grey literature, will be included. Review papers, editorials, and case studies will be excluded. Eligible studies should identify self-report measures which assess HRQoL and subjective wellbeing among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by applying the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. The quality of the evidence (i.e. the total body of evidence used for the overall ratings on each psychometric property of an instrument) will be evaluated in accordance with the modified GRADE guidelines.

Discussion
This systematic review will be among the first to systematically explore the psychometric properties of self-report HRQoL and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. By providing evidence-based knowledge about measures being used in HRQoL and subjective wellbeing research amongst this population, and more importantly how reliable and valid these measures are, the most suitable for use will be identified. Our findings will be of potential interest to clinicians, researchers, and service providers who need information about the methodological quality and the characteristics of measures to make informed decisions about the most reliable and valid tool for a specific purpose. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge surrounding available and appropriate measures to use for measuring HRQoL and subjective wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, which are necessary to inform intervention development and future health policy.

Systematic review registration
The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The registration number is CRD42021231697.
Reliability of Greek version of the Toronto empathy questionnaire in medical students and associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors
Authors: Voultsos Polychronis , Chatzinikolaou Fotios , Papana Angeliki , Deliligka Aspasia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmpathy is an important key driver of any therapeutic relationship. It is beneficial for both physicians and patients. Enhancing physician’s empathy should be an important goal of medical education. As there was a literature gap regarding the topic of empathy among medical students in Greece, this study aimed to contribute to filling this gap.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the 52-item Greek version of the Toronto composite empathy scale (TCES) for measuring the cognitive and emotional aspects of empathy in both personal and professional life was administered to all the medical students in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in Greece. Descriptive statistics were displayed for demographics. The associations of the variables were quantified by Chi-2 independence tests and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach’s α, Hotelling's T-Squared Test, and Pearson correlation. Paired and Independent Sample T-Tests and One-way ANOVAs indicated statistically significant mean differences among the variables or subgroups of the variables.ResultsThe 52‐item TCES, 26 for the personal (Per) setting and another 26 for professional (Pro) life, equally divided into cognitive (Cog) and emotional (Emo) empathy in each case. The overall reliability of the TCES questionnaire was found to be high (Cronbach's α = 0.895, significant positive correlations between the subscales). The mean total score of empathy showed that students had a moderately high empathy. Further, there was a statistically significant difference in means between the Per-Cog and Per-Emo settings (p < 0.001), the Pro-Cog and Pro-Emo (p < 0.001), the Per-Cog and Pro-Cog (p = 0.004), and the Per-Emo and Pro-Emo (p < 0.001). Females had significantly higher empathy scores (mean score 208.04) than males (192.5) on the Per-Cog, Per-Emo and Pro-Emo subscales. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between empathy and factors such as love for animals, interest in medical ethics, belief in God, having an ill person in the family, class year or carrier intention.ConclusionsThe TCES is applicable to medical students. For the most part our findings were consistent with previous literature. However, we identified some nuances that might draw researchers’ attention. The results of this study may contribute to plan interventions in the curriculum to enhance empathy in the medical students.
Teacher beliefs, personal theories and conceptions of assessment literacy—a tertiary EFL perspective
Authors: Latif Muhammad Wasim , Wasim Arzoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to pursue an enhanced understanding of teacher assessment literacy by investigating tertiary EFL practitioners’ assessment-related personal theories, conceptions and beliefs. The study was based on sociocultural theory as a theoretical framework and informed by interpretivism philosophical underpinnings. Twelve teachers from three tertiary educational institutions in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed employing a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed diversity, complexity and uncertainty in teacher beliefs and personal theories related to various aspects of assessment and testing. The findings also provided deeper insights into the role of contextual and institutional dynamics that influence teachers’ assessment-related decision-making process. These findings have implications for teacher education and professional development programmes in terms of assessment policy, procedures and practice.
Prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 among residents in Umuahia, Abia State, Southeast Nigeria: policy and public health implications
Authors: Amuzie Chidinma Ihuoma , Kalu Kalu Ulu , Izuka Michael , Nwamoh Uche Ngozi , Emma-Ukaegbu Uloaku , Odini Franklin , Metu Kingsley , Ozurumba Chigozie , Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has led to restrictions on movements and lockdown measures, which have resulted to higher utilization of over-the-counter drugs compared to prescription-only drugs. This study determined the prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and November 2021 among the residents of Umuahia, Abia State. The respondents were selected using a snowball sampling technique, and a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the variables via Google forms. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 26. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results
A total of 469 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment was 30.3% (95%CI: 26.7–34.1). The most commonly used medication was herbal products (43.7%). This was mainly self-prepared (41.5%). The major source of information for self-medication was from family members (39.4%). The majority of the respondents reported fear of isolation (76.3%), followed by fear of stigmatization (75.7%) as the triggers of self-medication. Older age (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.11–3.13), lower educational status [No formal education (aOR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.28–11.19)], [Primary education (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17–3.097)] and perception to cost (aOR = 2.29; 95CI: I.24–4.24) were the predictors of self-medication.

Conclusion
Every one in three residents of Umuahia, Abia State, practiced self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some economic and socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with self-medication. We recommend intensifying public awareness campaigns on the risk of self-medication.
Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene- and protein expression profiles
Authors: Dittmann Klaus H. , Mayer Claus , Stephan Heribert , Mieth Christin , Bonin Michael , Lechmann Beat , Rodemann H. Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing.

Methods
Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts.

Results
We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA-expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45).

Conclusions
In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo.
Duodenum edema due to reduced lymphatic drainage leads to increased inflammation in a porcine endotoxemic model
Authors: Marchesi Silvia , Larsson Anders , Hedenstierna Göran , Abujazar Mohammed , Ahlström Håkan , Lipcsey Miklós 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Interventions, such as mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), increase inflammation in abdominal organs. This effect could be due to reduced venous return and impaired splanchnic perfusion, or intestinal edema by reduced lymphatic drainage. However, it is not clear whether abdominal edema per se leads to increased intestinal inflammation when perfusion is normal. The aim of the presented study was to investigate if an impaired thoracic duct function can induce edema of the abdominal organs and if it is associated to increase inflammation when perfusion is maintained normal. In a porcine model, endotoxin was used to induce systemic inflammation. In the Edema group (n = 6) the abdominal portion of the thoracic duct was ligated, while in the Control group (7 animals) it was maintained intact. Half of the animals underwent a diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) at the end of the 6-h observation period to determine the abdominal organ perfusion. Edema in abdominal organs was assessed using wet–dry weight and with MRI. Inflammation was assessed by measuring cytokine concentrations in abdominal organs and blood as well as histopathological analysis of the abdominal organs.

Results
Organ perfusion was similar in both groups, but the Edema group had more intestinal (duodenum) edema, ascites, higher intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) at the end of observation time, and higher cytokine concentration in the small intestine. Systemic cytokines (from blood samples) correlated with IAP.

Conclusions
In this experimental endotoxemic porcine model, the thoracic duct’s ligation enhanced edema formation in the duodenum, and it was associated with increased inflammation.
12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study
Authors: Cerini Tamara , Hilfiker Roger , Riegler Thomas F. , Felsch Quinten T. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently, very little is known about the effects of an endurance high intensity interval training (HIIT) in chronic low back pain patients. Therefore, the feasibility and safety of the HIIT must be assessed first before Currently, very little is known about the effects of an endurance high intensity interval training in chronic low back pain patients. Therefore, the feasibility and safety of the HIIT has to be assessed first before it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice. This study aims to answers the question if high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) have comparable adherence and feasibility.

Methods
Participants (age from 29 to 69 years) with non-specific chronic low back pain were recruited in this randomised, single-blinded, allocation concealed, feasibility study. The participants trained 30 min on a cycle ergometer for 12 weeks. One group had HIIT and the other MICT.

Results
Of 45 screened subjects 30 participated. The adherence rate was 94% in the HIIT group (median 0.94, IQR 0.23) versus 96% in the MICT group (median 0.96, IQR 0.08), without between-group differences: estimated median of the difference of − 0,01 [95% CI, − 0.11 to 0.06; p = 0.76]. Similar results in enjoyability (median 3, IQR 1 vs median 2, IQR 1.8) and willingness to continue the training (median 3, IQR 1 vs median 3, IQR 0.4).
Both groups improved in pain and disability, without between-group differences in pain [median of the difference, 0.5; 95% CI, − 1 to 2; p = 0.95] nor in disability [median of the difference, 1.78; 95% CI, − 6.44 to 9.56; p = 0.64].

Conclusion
There were no differences in adherence rates. HIIT is as feasible as MICT in non-specific chronic low back pain and can be used in future larger trials to deepen the knowledge about HIIT in this specific population.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04055545. Registered 13 August 2019.
First two mitochondrial genomes for the order Filobasidiales reveal novel gene rearrangements and intron dynamics of Tremellomycetes
Authors: Li Qiang , Bao Zhijie , Tang Ke , Feng Huiyu , Tu Wenying , Li Lijiao , Han Yunlei , Cao Mei , Zhao Changsong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, two mitogenomes from theFilobasidiumgenus were assembled and compared with otherTremellomycetesmitogenomes. The mitogenomes ofF. wieringaeandF. globisporumboth comprised circular DNA molecules, with sizes of 27,861 bp and 71,783 bp, respectively. Comparative mitogenomic analysis revealed that the genetic contents, tRNAs, and codon usages of the twoFilobasidiumspecies differed greatly. The sizes of the twoFilobasidiummitogenomes varied greatly with the introns being the main factor contributing to mitogenome expansion inF. globisporum. Positive selection was observed in several protein-coding genes (PCGs) in theAgaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, andUstilaginomycotinaspecies, includingcob,cox2,nad2, andrps3genes. Frequent intron loss/gain events were detected to have occurred during the evolution of theTremellomycetesmitogenomes, and the mitogenomes of 17 species fromAgaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina, andUstilaginomycotinahave undergone large-scale gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood methods using a combined mitochondrial gene set generated identical and well-supported phylogenetic trees, whereinFilobasidiumspecies had close relationships withTrichosporonalesspecies. This study, which is the first report on mitogenomes from the orderFilobasidiales, provides a basis for understanding the genomics, evolution, and taxonomy of this important fungal group.
Combining ground-penetrating radar sections with different antenna frequencies including time-frequency domain noise suppression filters
Authors: Alemdağ Hilal , Şeren Aysel , Karslı Hakan 
Published: May 2022

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most useful geophysical methods that rapidly and efficiently provide high-resolution subsurface images depending on antenna frequencies and target depth. Recently, to enrich the interpretation of GPR sections, multifrequency sections have been combined at deeper and shallower levels in a profile. In this context, the techniques of combination and image quality improving processes of GPR data also have gained importance. For this, simple summation (SS) and time-shifted balanced summation (TSBS) techniques, frequency-domain local mean notch filter (FDLMNF), frequency-space ( f- x) filter, and automatic gain control (AGC) processes are sequentially applied within a workflow. Although the FDLMNF is used to effectively remove single-frequency spike-like noises without distortion around the notch frequency, the f- x filter is applied to suppress the random noise and improve the lateral traceability of the section, and AGC provides a statistically based gain recovery. In the proposed workflow, after generating synthetic and field GPR data with 100 and 250 MHz frequencies, data were combined using SS and TSBS techniques. Finally, FDLMNF, f- x, and AGC were applied to increase the image quality of this combined section. The result sections were evaluated and compared using the Fourier average amplitude and f- k spectra. According to the spectra, the TSBS technique provides good spectral balancing and offers wider spectral content. At the same time, it was observed that the image quality of the combined GPR sections increased significantly after applying FDLMNF, f- x, and AGC processes. As a result, when the sections resulting from SS and TSBS techniques are examined, the image enhancement processes that protect and strengthen the spectral bandwidth of the data are successful. Thus, the temporal resolution and spatial continuity of GPR sections also will be increased, and a better quality interpretation will be provided.
Investigation of the high-order harmonic generation for a solid with a defect by Bohmian trajectories
Authors: Pan X. F. , Mu H. B. , Qi D. W. , Zhang J. , Liu X. S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) for a solid by solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The numerical results with the potential well depth of the defect

and

are demonstrated. The intensity of the second plateau of the harmonic spectra can be enhanced with the small potential well depth of the defect. We investigate the emission time of harmonics in terms of the time-frequency analysis, which shows that with the potential well depth of the defect

, one emission peak is weakened and the other is enhanced. By analyzing the time evolution of the electronic probability density distribution and the Bohmian trajectories, the electrons ionized in the negative-x direction will pass directly through the defect to the positive-x direction, which is different from the potential well depth of the defect

In addition, we show a velocity curve to illustrate further the movement process of the ionized electrons.