bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A precision test of averaging in AdS/CFT
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We reconsider the role of wormholes in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We focus on Euclidean wormholes that connect two asymptotically AdS or hyperbolic regions with 𝕊1 × 𝕊d−1 boundary. There is no solution to Einstein’s equations of this sort, as the wormholes possess a modulus that runs to infinity. To find on-shell wormholes we must stabilize this modulus, which we can do by fixing the total energy on the two boundaries. Such a wormhole gives the saddle point approximation to a non-standard problem in quantum gravity, where we fix two asymptotic boundaries and constrain the common energy. Crucially the dual quantity does not factorize even when the bulk is dual to a single CFT, on account of the fixed energy constraint. From this quantity we extract a smeared version of the microcanonical spectral form factor. For a chaotic theory this quantity is self-averaging, i.e. well-approximated by averaging over energy windows, or over coupling constants.We go on to give a precision test involving the microcanonical spectral form factor where the two replicas have slightly different coupling constants. In chaotic theories this form factor is known to smoothly decay at a rate universally predicted in terms of one replica physics, provided that there is an average either over a window or over couplings. We compute the expected decay rate for holographic theories, and the form factor from a wormhole, and the two exactly agree for a wide range of two-derivative effective field theories in AdS. This gives a precision test of averaging in AdS/CFT.Our results interpret a number of confusing facts about wormholes and factorization in AdS and suggest that we should regard gravitational effective field theory as a mesoscopic description, analogous to semiclassical mesoscopic descriptions of quantum chaotic systems.
A predictive and testable unified theory of fermion masses, mixing and leptogenesis
Authors: Fu Bowen , King Stephen F. , Marsili Luca , Pascoli Silvia , Turner Jessica , Zhou Ye-Ling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider a minimal non-supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) model that can reproduce the observed fermionic masses and mixing parameters of the Standard Model. We calculate the scales of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the GUT to the Standard Model gauge group using two-loop renormalisation group equations. This procedure determines the proton decay rate and the scale of U(1)B−L breaking, which generates cosmic strings and the right-handed neutrino mass scales. Consequently, the regions of parameter space where thermal leptogenesis is viable are identified and correlated with the fermion masses and mixing, the neutrinoless double beta decay rate, the proton decay rate, and the gravitational wave signal resulting from the network of cosmic strings. We demonstrate that this framework, which can explain the Standard Model fermion masses and mixing and the observed baryon asymmetry, will be highly constrained by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors and neutrino oscillation experiments which will also constrain the proton lifetime.
Black holes in dS3
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Pedraza Juan F. , Svesko Andrew , Tomašević Marija , Visser Manus R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In three-dimensional de Sitter space classical black holes do not exist, and the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution instead describes a conical defect with a single cosmological horizon. We argue that the quantum backreaction of conformal fields can generate a black hole horizon, leading to a three-dimensional quantum de Sitter black hole. Its size can be as large as the cosmological horizon in a Nariai-type limit. We show explicitly how these solutions arise using braneworld holography, but also compare to a non-holographic, perturbative analysis of backreaction due to conformally coupled scalar fields in conical de Sitter space. We analyze the thermodynamics of this quantum black hole, revealing it behaves similarly to its classical four-dimensional counterpart, where the generalized entropy replaces the classical Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. We compute entropy deficits due to nucleating the three-dimensional black hole and revisit arguments for a possible matrix model description of dS spacetimes. Finally, we comment on the holographic dual description for dS spacetimes as seen from the braneworld perspective.
The phase diagram of $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed Yang-Mills theory on the sphere
Authors: Griguolo Luca , Panerai Rodolfo , Papalini Jacopo , Seminara Domenico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the large-N dynamics of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory at genus zero. The 1/N-expansion of the free energy is obtained by exploiting the associated flow equation and the complete phase diagram of the theory is derived for both signs of the rescaled deformation parameter τ. We observe a third-order phase transition driven by instanton condensation, which is the deformed version of the familiar Douglas-Kazakov transition separating the weakly-coupled from the strongly-coupled phase. By studying these phases, we compute the deformation of both the perturbative sector and the Gross-Taylor string expansion. Nonperturbative corrections in τ drive the system into an unexplored disordered phase separated by a novel critical line meeting tangentially the Douglas-Kazakov one at a tricritical point. The associated phase transition is induced by the collision of large-N saddle points, determining its second-order character.
Leptin Densities in Amenable Groups
Authors: Pogorzelski Felix , Richard Christoph , Strungaru Nicolae 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsider a positive Borel measure on a locally compact group. We define a notion of uniform density for such a measure, which is based on a group invariant introduced by Leptin in 1966. We then restrict to unimodular amenable groups and to translation bounded measures. In that case our density notion coincides with the well-known Beurling density from Fourier analysis, also known as Banach density from dynamical systems theory. We use Leptin densities for a geometric proof of the model set density formula, which expresses the density of a uniform regular model set in terms of the volume of its window, and for a proof of uniform mean almost periodicity of such model sets.
Next step trauma and orthopaedic surgery: integration of augmented reality for reduction and nail implantation of tibial fractures
Authors: Klopfer Tim , Notheisen Thomas , Baumgartner Heiko , Schneidmueller Dorien , Giordmaina Ryan , Histing Tina , Gonser Christoph Emanuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
There is a tremendous scope of hardware and software development going on in augmented reality (AR), also in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. However, there are only a few systems available for intra-operative 3D imaging and guidance, most of them rely on peri- and intra-operative X-ray imaging. Especially in complex situations such as pelvic surgery or multifragmentary multilevel fractures, intra-operative 3D imaging and implant tracking systems have proven to be of great advantage for the outcome of the surgery and can help reduce X-ray exposure, at least for the surgical team (Ochs et al. in Injury 41:1297 1305, 2010). Yet, the current systems do not provide the ability to have a dynamic live view from the perspective of the surgeon. Our study describes a prototype AR-based system for live tracking which does not rely on X-rays.

Materials and methods
A protype live-view intra-operative guidance system using an AR head-mounted device (HMD) was developed and tested on the implantation of a medullary nail in a tibia fracture model. Software algorithms that allow live view and tracking of the implant, fracture fragments and soft tissue without the intra-operative use of X-rays were derived.

Results
The implantation of a medullar tibia nail is possible while only relying on AR-guidance and live view without the intra-operative use of X-rays.

Conclusions
The current paper describes a feasibility study with a prototype of an intra-operative dynamic live tracking and imaging system that does not require intra-operative use of X-rays and dynamically adjust to the perspective of the surgeons due to an AR HMD. To our knowledge, the current literature does not describe any similar systems. This could be the next step in surgical imaging and education and a promising way to improve patient care.
Usability, user experience and mental workload in a mobile Augmented Reality application for digital storytelling in cultural heritage
Authors: De Paolis Lucio Tommaso , Gatto Carola , Corchia Laura , De Luca Valerio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) has become an increasingly used technology to support and enhance the enjoyment of cultural heritage. Particularly relevant is its importance for digital storytelling: by framing a portion of a fresco or painting with a smartphone, an AR mobile application can provide contextually relevant information, also in the form of multimedia content, that can help the user to understand the story and meaning behind the images. In this type of application, human factors are of fundamental importance for the effectiveness of the narrative: a mobile AR application must avoid distracting the user’s attention from the content in order to encourage a good level of concentration and immersion. The case study presented in this paper deals with a mobile AR application developed to guide visitors in the interpretation of the frescoes inside the Basilica of Saint Catherina of Alexandria in Galatina. The aim of the study is the analysis of the relations among usability, user experience and mental workload factors in AR-based digital storytelling.
Invoking Rules in Everyday Family Interactions: A Method for Appealing to Practical Reason
Authors: Küttner Uwe-A. , Vatanen Anna , Zinken Jörg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article we examine moments in which parents or other caregivers overtly invoke rules during episodes in which they take issue with, intervene against, and try to change a child’s ongoing behavior or action(s). Drawing on interactional data from four different languages (English, Finnish, German, Polish) and using Conversation Analytic methods, we first illustrate the variety of ways in which parents may use such overt rule invocations as part of their behavior modification attempts, showing them to be functionally versatile interactional objects. Their interactional flexibility notwithstanding, we find that parents typically invoke rules when, in the course of the intervention episode, they encounter trouble with achieving an acceptable compliant outcome. To get at the distinct import of rule formulations in this context, we then compare them to two sequential alternatives: parental expressions of an experienced negative affective state, and parental threats. While the former emphasize aspects of social solidarity, the latter seek to enforce compliance by foregrounding a power asymmetry between the parent and the child. Rule formulations, by contrast, are designedly impersonal and appear to be directed at what the parents construe as shortcomings in common-sense practical reasoning on the child’s part. Reflexively, the child is thereby cast as not having properly applied common-sense ‘practical reason’ when engaging in what is treated as the problematic behavior or action. Overt rule invocations can, therefore, be understood as indexical appeals to practical reason.
Specificity of association in epidemiology
Authors: Blanchard Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe epidemiologist Bradford Hill famously argued that in epidemiology, specificity of association (roughly, the fact that an environmental or behavioral risk factor is associated with just one or at most a few medical outcomes) is strong evidence of causation. Prominent epidemiologists have dismissed Hill’s claim on the ground that it relies on a dubious `one-cause one effect’ model of disease causation. The paper examines this methodological controversy, and argues that specificity considerations do have a useful role to play in causal inference in epidemiology. More precisely, I argue that specificity considerations help solve a pervasive inferential problem in contemporary epidemiology: the problem of determining whether an exposure-outcome correlation might be due to confounding by a social factor. This examination of specificity has interesting consequences for our understanding of the methodology of epidemiology. It highlights how the methodology of epidemiology relies on local tools designed to address specific inference problems peculiar to the discipline, and shows that observational causal inference in epidemiology can proceed with little prior knowledge of the causal structure of the phenomenon investigated. I also argue that specificity of association cannot (despite claims to the contrary) be entirely explained in terms of Woodward’s well-known concept of “one-to-one” causal specificity. This is because specificity as understood by epidemiologists depends on whether an exposure (or outcome) is associated with a `heterogeneous’ set of variables. This dimension of heterogeneity is not captured in Woodward’s notion, but is crucial for understanding the evidential import of specificity of association.
The leaf anatomical trade-offs associated with plant ecological strategy variation
Authors: Pierce Simon , Maffi Dario , Faoro Franco , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Spada Alberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant functioning depends on variation in resource economics traits (acquisition vs. conservation) and the size of plants and their parts (the ‘global spectrum of plant form and function’). The anatomical basis of single traits (e.g., leaf mass per area; LMA) is generally understood, but little is known regarding the relationship between anatomical trade-offs and ecological strategies (representing integrated suites of traits). We hypothesised correlations between the relative extent of leaf tissue types and Grime’s Competitor Stress-tolerator Ruderal (CSR) strategies, principally a trade-off between structural (mechanical/fibro-vascular) vs. photosynthetic (chlorenchyma and intercellular airspace; ICAS) tissues, for ecologically contrasting herbaceous angiosperms in northern Italy. Specifically, that in the lamina portion, the trade-off represents the economics spectrum (S-R selection), but in the midvein portion, it reflects the mechanical constraints inherent to supporting large leaves (i.e., varies with C-selection). We used microscopy and image analysis to determine the relative cross-sectional area of tissues from transverse leaf sections (lamina and midvein portions) of angiosperms of contrasting CSR strategies. Principal components analysis (PCA) determined that the main trade-off (PCA1) was between mechanical/fibro-vascular tissues vs. ICAS/epidermis/chlorenchyma, but that this was associated with the economics spectrum (R- to S-selection) in the lamina, and with size (C-selection) for the midvein. A secondary trade-off in both lamina and midvein portions involved ICAS (i.e., the internal gas diffusion pathway) vs. chlorenchyma/epidermis (light capture), associated with S- to R-selection, respectively. Our results confirm the expectation that ecological strategy variation has a basis in underlying trade-offs between tissues with contrasting metabolic/architectural (i.e., economics/size-related) roles.
On the Differentiation of Integrals in Measure Spaces Along Filters
Authors: Di Biase Fausto , Krantz Steven G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is known that the study of the boundary behavior of (harmonic or) holomorphic functions, to which N. Sibony has contributed with penetrating work, is linked to the differentiation of integrals. In 1936, R. de Possel observed that, in the general setting of a measure space with no metric structure, certain phenomena, relative to the differentiation of integrals, which are familiar in the Euclidean setting precisely because of the presence of a metric, are devoid of actual meaning. In the first part of this work, we introduce the concept of functional convergence class that provides a unifying framework for various limiting processes and enables us to establish a hierarchy between them, and show that, within this hierarchy, the notion of filter (introduced by H. Cartan just a year after De Possel’s contribution) occupies the position of wider scope. In the second part of this work, we show how to reformulate some of the contributions of de Possel in the language of filters.
Existence of a Sign-Changing Weak Solution to Doubly Nonlinear Parabolic Equations
Authors: Misawa Masashi , Nakamura Kenta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, assuming the initial-boundary datum belonging to suitable Sobolev and Lebesgue spaces, we prove the global existence result for a (possibly sign changing) weak solution to the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for doubly nonlinear parabolic equations of the form $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t\left( |u|^{q-1}u\right) -\Delta _p u=0\quad \text {in}\,\,\,\Omega _\infty , \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

|
u
|

q
-
1

u

-

Δ
p

u
=
0

in

Ω
∞

,

where $$p>1$$

p
>
1

and $$q>0$$

q
>
0

. This is a fair improvement of the preceding result by authors (Nonlinear Anal 175C :157–172, 2018). The key tools we employ are energy estimates for approximate equations of Rothe type and the integral strong convergence of gradients of approximate solutions.
Memory of the Earth and Human Memory of Natural Disasters: the 1953 Earthquake in Western Aragón (Spain)
Authors: Simón José L. , Simón-Porcar Guillermo , Peiro Alba 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOccurred in 1953 in Used (Zaragoza province), an earthquake of magnitude 4.7 and intensity VII was the last destructive earthquake in the Aragón region, Spain. The remaining social memory of that event (a type of intangible geological heritage) and its influence on the perception of seismic hazard in the area are explored by means of interviews and a population survey. The results indicate that the memory is lively amongst the population within the epicentral area, both in the generation that experienced it and, to a lesser extent, in the following generations. However, this does not translate into a significant perception of seismic hazard, the latter being more influenced by cultural factors: in the epicentral area it is greater amongst people who did not live through the earthquake, but who have heard familiar stories or have had external information highlighteing its importance. The study of social perception is part of a citizen science project, in which the social memory enters into dialogue with the Memory of the Earth, i.e. the record left by that and other previous earthquakes in geology and landscape. The research on the effects of the shake on people, buildings, and environment has benefited from numerous testimonies from the elderly. Reciprocally, such knowledge is scientifically processed and returned to the citizens in the form of scientific outreach products (book, documentary film, talks), with the aim of promoting scientific culture about natural disasters.
Numerical simulation of the surface flux of an alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River by the land surface model
Authors: Luo Qi , Zhang Tinglong , Li Zhenchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe simulation performance of the land surface model Community Land Model 5.0 (CLM5.0) is tested by using the eddy correlation system and micrometeorological tower observational data at the Maqu observation field in 2016. The results show that the CLM5.0 model has a good simulation effect on the soil temperature and can well reflect the seasonal variation characteristics of soil temperature. In addition, the model can well simulate the seasonal variation in shallow soil moisture (5 cm and 10 cm). However, the deviations between the simulated and observed values are large. CLM5.0 cannot simulate the water holding capacity of shallow soil well, resulting in its underestimation. The simulation performance of the upward longwave radiation and net radiation is substantially better than that of the upward shortwave radiation due to the change in surface albedo caused by precipitation from March to July. CLM5.0 can also well reproduce the variation trend of the latent heat flux and 5 cm soil heat flux (heat exchange of soil at 5 cm). When the leaf area index (LAI) and Medlyn slope values are changed to 10%, 20%, and 50% of the default values, the simulation effects of soil moisture at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm are significantly improved, and the best simulation effects are achieved at 0.5 times the default values. This result indicates that lower LAI and Medlyn slope values are more suitable for simulating shallow soil moisture.
35 million-year-old solid-wood-borer beetle larvae support the idea of stressed Eocene amber forests
Authors: Haug Carolin , Baranov Viktor A. , Hörnig Marie K. , Gauweiler Joshua , Hammel Jörg U. , Perkovsky Evgeny E. , Haug Joachim T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEocene amber is an important window into the past about 35 million years ago. The large quantities of resin produced by this forest of the past, resulting in amber, triggered the idea of a forest under stress. Recent findings of higher abundances of hoverfly larvae in Eocene amber, in the modern fauna often associated with wood-borer larvae, provided a hint that wood-borer larvae may have contributed to this stress. Yet, so far only few such larvae have been reported. We have compiled a dozen additional wood-borer larvae in amber, including a giant one of at least 35 mm length in Rovno amber. Heavily damaged fossils furthermore indicate that larger larvae of this type were prone to oxidation and that, at least some, enigmatic tube-like tunnels in larger amber pieces may represent remains of large wood-borer larvae. This find strongly indicates that wood-borer larvae were not rare, but common in the Eocene amber forest, which is compatible with the high abundances of hoverfly larvae and further supports the idea of a forest under stress. Whether the possible higher abundances of wood-borer larvae were the cause of the stress or a symptom of an already stressed forest remains so far unclear.