bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Additive Friction Stir Deposition of AISI 316L For Repairing Surface Material Loss in AISI 4340
Authors: Martin Louis Peter , Luccitti Allen , Walluk Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Additive technologies provide a means for repair of various failure modes associated with material degradation occurring during use in aggressive environments. Possible repair strategies for AISI 4340 steel using AISI 316L deposited by additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) were evaluated under this research by metallography, microhardness, and wear and mechanical testing. Two repair geometries were investigated: groove-filling and surface cladding. The former represents repair of localized grinding to eliminate cracks, while the latter represents material replacement over a larger area, for example to repair general corrosion or wear. The 316L deposited by AFSD exhibited a refined microstructure with decreased grain size and plastic strain, lower strength, and lower hardness than the as-received feedstock. Wear testing by both two-body abrasion and erosion by particle impingement indicated that the wear resistance of the 316L cladding was as good as, or better than, the substrate 4340 material; however, there was some evidence that the resistance to intergranular corrosion was compromised due to the formation of carbides or sigma phase. In both repair geometries, the microstructure of the substrate beneath the deposited material exhibited heat affected zones that appeared to have austenized during the deposition process, and transformed to martensite or bainite during cooling. This report constitutes an initial evaluation of a novel approach to the repair of structural steel components damaged by microcracking, wear or corrosion.
Protective Role of Nrf2 in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Induced Lung Inflammation in Female Mice and Sexual Dimorphism in Susceptibility
Authors: Sehsah Radwa , Wu Wenting , Ichihara Sahoko , Hashimoto Naozumi , Zong Cai , Yamazaki Kyoka , Sato Harue , Itoh Ken , Yamamoto Masayuki , Elsayed Ahmed Ali , El-Bestar Soheir , Kamel Emily , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are used in various products such as rubber, paint, and cosmetics. Our group reported recently that Nrf2 protein provides protection against ZnO-NPs-induced pulmonary inflammation in male mice. The present study investigated the effect of Nrf2 deletion on the lung inflammatory response in female mice exposed to ZnO-NPs.
Methods

Twenty-four female Nrf2−/− mice and the same number of female Nrf2+/+ mice were each divided into three equal groups and each exposed to ZnO-NPs at either 0, 10 or 30 µg/mouse by pharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected 14 days later to quantify protein level, number of inflammatory cells, and for scoring inflammation histopathologically. The mRNA levels of Nrf2-depedent antioxidant enzymes and proinflammatory cytokine in lung tissue were measured.
Results

Exposure to ZnO-NPs increased all types of BALF cells and lung inflammation scores in both of female Nrf2−/− and Nrf2+/+ mice, and Nrf2 deletion enhanced ZnO-NPs-induced increase in the number of eosinophils in BALF. Nrf2 deletion enhanced ZnO-NPs-induced downregulation of GR and upregulation of HO-1 and TNFα. Nrf2 deletion decreased mRNA levels of CAT, GcLc and NQO1 and increased that for GcLm and MT-2. ZnO-NPs dose-dependently increased the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines; KC, MIP-2, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1 only in wild-type mice, and Nrf2 deletion decreased total glutathione levels and upregulated the above proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines regardless of level of exposure to ZnO-NPs. Taken together with our previous results in male mice, our results showed a lower susceptibility of females to lung inflammation, relative to males, irrespective of Nrf2 deletion, and that enhancement of ZnO-NPs-induced upregulation of HO-1 and TNFα and downregulation of GR by deletion of Nrf2 is specific to female mice.
Conclusion

We conclude that Nrf2 provides protection in female mice against increase in BALF eosinophils, probably through down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes. The study also suggests lower susceptibility to lung inflammation in female mice relative to their male counterparts and the synergistic effects of sex and exposure to ZnO-NPs on mRNA expression of GR, HO-1 or TNFα.
Interprofessional Education: Perception of Professors and Students of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine Courses
Authors: Viscardi Luciana Gonzalez Auad , Sarmento Adriana de Oliveira , Tempski Patrícia Zen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The problems for training in interprofessional education (IPE) of health professionals for this new century are systemic: limitation in competencies for teamwork, persistent stratification of gender relations in the status of health workers, a focused emphasis on technical skills, difficulty in analysis and understanding of broader problematic issues of the context, sporadic instead of continuous care, quantitative and qualitative imbalances in the professional labor market, and fragility in leadership skills to improve the performance of the health system. This study evaluated the perception of students and teachers of health area courses at a private university in São Paulo regarding interprofessional education.
Methods
A sociodemographic questionnaire to delineate the participants’ profile and the RIPLS questionnaire that assesses the attitudes and perceptions of students and professionals to determine their readiness for interprofessional learning were applied. RIPLS is proposed to measure the change in attitudes, the effects of different interventions, and the effectiveness of interventions in changing attitudes and perceptions.
Results
The main results were that training in Medicine and Nursing is easier for interprofessional education than that in Physiotherapy. By comparing the perception of the academic community regarding gender, we find that participating women are more available for teamwork and collaborative practices.
Conclusion
To improve the perception of students and teachers in collaborative practice, the need for a teacher training program on IPE principles and an early and more frequent insertion of IPE practices in the curricula of courses is evident.
Toxicity of The Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacterium Microcystis Aeruginosa To Litopenaeus Vannamei
Authors: Xu Yu , Xu Wujie , Hu Xiaojuan , Su Haochang , Wen Guoliang , Yang Keng , Cao Yucheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is a common kind of harmful bloom algae, which was also frequently found as a dominant microalgae specie in shrimp breeding ponds. And it was found that blooms always induced massive death of shrimp, but the toxic effects of M. aeruginosa on Litopenaeus vannamei are still not completely understood. In this paper, the toxicity of M. aeruginosa cells to L. vannamei was examined, and the toxic components in the cells were analyzed through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HLPC). In addition, the immune response of shrimp to the microalgal extract was assessed by measuring the activity of immune-related enzymes, as well as the transcription of the relevant genes. Overall, both M. aeruginosa cells and the algal extract resulted in a 100% mortality rate in shrimp, whereas the cell-free culture medium was ineffective. And HPLC analysis results revealed the presence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at a concentration of 190.40 mg/kg of cells. In addition, the activity and gene transcription of two immune related enzymes, SOD and LZM, were both significantly reduced in shrimp hepatopancreas (p<0.05) after injection with cell extract. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) content was slightly increased, but the ratio of GSH to GSSG was down, and the transcription of gst gene function as detoxification, was significantly downregulated (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that M. aeruginosa cell extract was highly toxic to L. vannamei, and exerted a negative effect on shrimp immunity including reduction of antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity and detoxification activity, due to microcystin-LR.
Digital Image Art Style Transfer Algorithm and Simulation Based on Deep Learning Model
Authors: Kumar Nitin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of poor region delineation and boundary artifacts in Indian style migration of images, an improved Variational Autoencoder (VAE) method for dress style migration is proposed. Firstly, the Yolo v3 model is used to quickly identify the dress localization of the input image, and then the classical semantic segmentation algorithm (FCN) is used to finely delineate the desired dress style migration region twice, and finally the trained VAE model is used to generate the migrated Indian style image using a decision support system. The results show that, compared with the traditional style migration model, the improved VAE style migration model can obtain finer synthetic images for dress style migration, and can adapt to different Indian traditional styles to meet the application requirements of dress style migration scenarios. We evaluated several deep learning based models and achieved BLEU value of 0.6 on average. The transformer-based model outperformed the other models, achieving a BLEU value of up to 0.72.
SAA4 is a Diagnostic Marker to Enhance Detection Forrheumatoid Arthritis Combined with Anti-CCP
Authors: Li Jiahui , Liu Haina , Dai Bingbing , Fan Zhijun , Wang Qiao , Liu Huiyuan , Wei Tingting , Xin fangran , Bai Bingqing , Fu Lingyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Serum amyloid A4 (SAA4) is an apolipoprotein that is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. In this present investigation, we appraised the potential of SAA4 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with other established RA biomarkers, including anticitrullinated protein antibody (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF)，and C-reactive protein (CRP). Based on the correlative measures of the biomarkers, we developed a diagnostic model of RA by integrating serum levels of SAA4 with these clinical parameters. Methods A number of 316 patients were recruited in the current research. The serum levels of SAA4 were assessed by quantitative ELISA. The specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers were evaluated by using a receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis to determine their diagnostic efficiency. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen and construct the diagnostic models for RA , consisting of diagnostic biomarkers and clinical data. A diagnostic nomogram was then generated based on logistic regression analysis results. Results The serum levels of SAA4 were considerably greatest in RA patients in comparison to other control subjects (P<0.001). Compared with anti-CCP, RF and CRP respectively, SAA4 had the highest specificity (88.60%) for diagnosing RA. The combination of SAA4 with anti-CCP could have the highest diagnostic accuracy when paired together, with highest sensitivity (91.14%) in parallel and highest specificity(98.10) in series. We successfully developed two diagnostic models: the combined model of SAA4 and anti-CCP (model A), and the combined model of SAA4, CRP, anti-CCP, RF and history of diabetes (model B). Both models showed a great area under the curve of ROC for either the training cohort or the validation cohort. The data indicated that the novel RA diagnostic models possessed an advantageous discrimination capacity and application potential. Conclusion Serum SAA4 has utility as a biomarker for RA’s diagnosis and can enhance the detection of RA when combined with anti-CCP.
Tissue Doppler Derived Biphasic Velocities During the Pre and Post-Ejection Phases: Patterns, Concordance and Hemodynamic Significance in Health and Disease
Authors: Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Botero Diana Maria Ronderos , Caraballo Javier Arreaza , Kim GaHee , Khachatoorian Yeraz , Kliewer Jaclyn , Rahman Mohamed Ahmed Abdel , Rifaie Osama , Bella Jonathan N , Argulian Edgar , Contreras Johanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Pre-(PRE) and post-ejection (POE) velocities by mitral annular tissue Doppler (TD) are biphasic and may be related to myocardial deformations. We investigated the predominance and concordance of TD-PRE and POE velocities and their effect on myocardial functions in controls and in HF patients.
Methods

Retrospectively, 84 HF patients [57.6 years, 28(33%) females, NYHA: 2.3±0.6, EF: 55±15%, 52(62%) preserved EF, and 32(38%) reduced EF], 42 normal young controls, and 26 asymptomatic age matched controls were included. Echocardiography was done and from mitral annular tissue Doppler recordings, the biphasic PRE and POE velocity signals were identified and compared between groups.
Results

While controls had almost always predominantly positive PRE and negative POE, HF had more negative PRE and positive POE. Moreover, almost all controls exhibited normal concordance (positive PRE and negative POE). HF exhibited more abnormal concordance which was significantly associated with worse NYHA, and parameters of diastolic and systolic functions. Opposite PRE and POE velocities correlated significantly in all groups (PREp vs POEn: young:r=0.52, p<0.001, age controls:r=0.79, p<0.001, HFpEF: r=0.56, p<0.001, HFrEF: r=0.42, p=0.018; PREn vs POEp: young: r=0.25,p=0.1, age controls: r=0.42, p=0.04, HFpEF: r=0.43, p=0.004, HFrEF: r=0.61, p<0.001) and the ratios PRE-P/N and POE-N/P correlated significantly with E/e’ in HF only.
Conclusions

In physiological state, TD signals are predominantly positive during PRE and negative during POE. Opposite PRE and POE velocities corelate, representing the PRE-generation and POE-reversal of shortening-stretch relationships, the attenuation of which in HF may be related to elevated LV filling pressures. In HF, partially or completely reversed concordance of PRE and POE is associated with progressive worsening of clinical and hemodynamic profiles.
Accession-specific Parent-of-origin Dependent and Independent Genome Dosage Effects on Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Hallahan Brendan F. , Brychkova Galina , McKeown Peter , Spillane Charles 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Improving the salt stress tolerance of crops is an important goal in plant breeding. Changes in the number of chromosome pairs (i.e. ploidy level) cause genome dosage effects which can result in improved traits or emergence of novel traits. The genetic and epigenetic contribution of maternal or paternal chromosomes can differentially affect physiological and metabolic characteristics of F1 offspring. Hence genome dosage effects can be parent-of-origin independent or dependent. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana displays both genome dosage and parent-of-origin effects on plant growth under normal, non-stress conditions. Using an insogenic ploidy series of diploid, triploid and tetraploid lines we investigate the extent of genome dosage effects and their parent-of-origin dependency on in vitro salt stress tolerance of seedlings across ten different A. thaliana accessions (genetic backgrounds). We demonstrate genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance in five accessions, and using reciprocal triploid lines demonstrate parent-of-origin dependent genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance in three accessions. Our results indicate that epigenetic genome dosage and genome dosage balance effects can have significant impacts on abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
Effects of Breccia and Water Contents on the Mechanical Properties of Fault-core-zone Materials: an Experimental Investigation Using Artificial Specimens
Authors: Yun Hyun-Seok , Moon Seong-Woo , Seo Yong-Seok 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Determining the mechanical properties of fault-core-zone materials is challenging because of the low strength of such materials, which affects field sampling, specimen preparation, and laboratory testing. We overcame this problem by preparing and testing mechanical properties of 132 artificial fault-core-zone specimens consisting of mixtures of breccia, sand, clay, and water. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus (E), and penetration resistance value (PRV) of these fault-core-zone materials were measured, and the effects of breccia content and water content on mechanical properties were assessed. Results show that UCS is inversely proportional to breccia content and water content, and that E is inversely proportional to water content. Furthermore, the inverse relationship of UCS with water content varies with breccia content. UCS is proportional to both PRV and E, and the relationship for each varies with breccia content. High coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.62–0.88) between the parameters suggest that breccia content, water content, and PRV are potentially useful parameters for estimating the mechanical properties of fault core zones.
Acute Liver Failure in Rats Induced Vasogenic Edema and Nitric Oxide Synthase-Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway after Differential Regulation of NMDA Receptors in Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum
Authors: SINGH SANTOSH , Mukherjee Arghya , Jeswani Deepika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a complication of severe liver dysfunction resulting from a wide range of factors including alcoholism, drug-abuse, improper medication, viral hepatitis etc., and present with high mortality rate among the human population. ALF led hyperammonemia (HA) induced cerebral dysfunction is considered to be the main cause of death in patients, however, the precise molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of brain edema and modulation of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR)- Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- Nitric oxide (NO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) axis in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of ALF rats. ALF was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of thioacetamide (TAA). We observed significantly increased brain water content in ALF rats but absence of astrocytes swelling suggested induction of vasogenic edema. Except constant NR2B, down regulation of NR2A, 2C and 2D subunits containing NMDAR genes in cerebral cortex, however, constant NR2A-C but up-regulation of NR2D subunit in cerebellum suggested brain regions specific differential regulation of NMDAR in ALF rats. Significantly increased nNOS gene and protein level were found to be accompanied by the significantly increased level of NO and cGMP in both brain tissues; however, increased eNOS expression in cortex but increased iNOS expression and activity in cerebellum were observed in ALF rats. Together these findings suggested that ALF in rats may trigger differential regulation of NR2A-D subunits containing NMDAR, induction of NOS-NO-cGMP axis and vasogenic edema in cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
Quality of Life of Emirati Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Smail Linda , Jassim Ghufran A. , Khan Sarah , Tirmazy Syed , Ameri Mouza Al 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: This study examined the quality of life of Emirati women with breast cancer (BC).Methods: This study was a population-based study of a random sample of 250 Emirati women with BC. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Cancer-Specific version (EORTC QLQ-C30, v.3.0) and the EORTC QoL Breast Cancer-Specific version (EORTC QLQ-BR23) translated into Arabic.Results: The mean age and median age of the 250 participants were 53.4 (SD ±11.3) and 52 years, respectively.Participants had a mean global health score of 74.73 (SD ±18.25), with a minimum of 16.67, indicating a good level of wellbeing.On the QLQ-C30, the Emirati women seemed to perform well on the functional scales but poorly on the symptom scales. While social functioning scored the highest (82.33 ±28.38) among the functional scales, emotional functioning scored the lowest (68.43 ±30.02). The most worrying symptom was sleep disturbance (47.87±38.46), followed by fatigue (38.18±30.31) and pain (29.13±28.01). Financial impact scored the lowest, indicating that most women did not have financial issues related to their cancer.On the QLQ-BR23, we found that participants performed above average to very good on the functional scales but poorly on the symptom scales. While sexual functioning scored the highest (86.07±22.61) among the functional scales, future perspective scored the lowest (50.80±37.92). The most worrying symptom was upset by hair loss (61.01±37.35), followed by arm symptoms (33.73±28.08).Conclusions: Emirati BC survivors reported good QoL overall. The most bothersome symptoms were sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, hair loss and arm symptoms. Emirati women scored average on all functional scales, which indicates mediocre functioning, but high on the symptom scales, which indicates worse symptoms. Factors associated with a decline in the domains of QoL included age, income, education, metastases, mastectomy, and lymph node dissection. Recommendations to address these issues are discussed.Trial Registration: NA
Quality Assurance (QA) Assessment for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in Ngoma District, Eastern Province of Rwanda: A cross-sectional prospective study.
Authors: Habimana Metuschelah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Currently, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) are increasingly used for the diagnosis of malaria, particularly in communities where microscopy-based diagnosis is not practical. However, the diagnostic accuracy of mRDTs performed by community health workers (CHWs) remains unknown. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of mRDT results performed by CHWs in Ngoma district, eastern province of Rwanda.
Method

This was a cross sectional prospective study. A total of 420 blood samples of patients self-reported to CHWs for malaria diagnosis were collected and analyzed by CHWs using mRDT, and quality control tests were performed by using microscopy as a reference test. The study was conducted from 22 April to 08 July 2021.
Results

Among the 420 patients, 234 (55.71%) were females, and 186 (44.29%) were males. Malaria test positivity was 2.62% by using mRDT and 1.67% by using microscopic tests. The sensitivity and specificity of mRDT were 85.71% and 98.78%, respectively. The negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of mRDTs were 99.75%, 54.54% and 98.57%, respectively. The sensitivity of mRDT was below the WHO recommended sensitivity (>95%), although the specificity (98.78%) was within the WHO recommended specificity (>=90). There was substantial agreement between the mRDT and malaria microscopic test results, k=0.642.
Conclusion

mRDTs continue to be an appropriate choice for malaria diagnosis in the absence of microscopy.