bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The construction of Chinese indicator system on public health field investigation and short-term study hub: experience and implications
Authors: Feng Ning , Dong Yanhui , Liu Shelan , Dong Xiaoping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The increasing of exchange activities among public health institutes and experts globally calls for a standardized operation to construct public health field investigation and short-term study hub (Field Study Hub). This can funcion as a platform to share experience in public health development in an accurate and comprehensive manner that would benefit global practices. This research aims to establish a supportive indicator system to guide the construction work.

Methods
Delphi method including two rounds of surveys were conducted among 82 senior public health experts. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the opinions of the experts on the necessity of setting and feasibility of measurement for proposed 5 dimensions of 49 indicators and 7 additionally proposed ones. Percentage and score were used to describe the assessments, χ2 and t tests to compare differences, Kappa and Cronbach’s alpha values to assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities. Significance level α was 0.05. Bonferroni adjustment was used in the comparison of experts’ judgment basis.

Results
The percentages of experts choosing “Very good” or “Good” for necessity and feasibility in rounds 1 and 2 were 73.1–97.6% (85.8% ± 7.5%), 64.6–93.9% (82.8% ± 6.7%), 73.8–100% (91.0% ± 6.2%) and 72.5–100% (89.2% ± 7.3%) respectively. The scores of necessity were higher than those of feasibility, and the differences in the dimensions of “Key experience”, “Capacity for logistic support” and the total were statistically significant (t11 = 2.920, t12 = 3.035, t31 = 4.448, t32 = 2.664, tt1 = 3.794, tt2 = 3.007, P < 0.05). The fourteen most necessary indicators were identified. The judgment bases of “Theory” and “Experience” were higher than “Knowledge” and “Intuition” statistically significantly (round 2: χTK2 = 39.020, χEK2 = 67.692, χTI2 = 45.823, χEI2 = 76.515, P < 0.0125). The Kappa values exceeded 40 with the maximum as 75 and the Cronbach’s alphas exceeded 0.8000 with the maximum as 0.9732.

Conclusions
A set of 5 dimensions of 56 indicators with good necessity and feasibility were developed to technically support and well evaluate the construction of field study hub in public health institutions. This was of high significance because it tended to provide a preliminary baseline for the standardized practice in global health. Also, the present research might serve as a methodological reference for the development of other indicator sets.
Maintained activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with TNFi and/or NSAID for at least 12 weeks: a cross-sectional study in Brazil
Authors: de Toledo Ricardo Acayaba , Grizzo Felipe Merchan Ferraz , Fernandes Vander , Calheiros Renato , Russo Ricardo T. , Rosal Gustavo , Marchese Luiz Roberto Delboni , Tunala Roberto , Watanabe Renato , Birck Marina Gabriela , Julian Guilherme Silva , Forestiero Francisco Jose 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate disease activity among patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for at least 12 weeks in private outpatient settings in Brazil.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, real-world study conducted in 17 Brazilian private health care institutes. Patients were selected if diagnosed with AS or axial radiographic spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and treated with NSAIDs or TNFi for at least 12 weeks within the last 26 weeks prior to enrollment. The data were collected from interviewed-based and self-administered questionnaires from patients and physicians. Disease activity was defined as active (≥ 4), low /suboptimal (≥ 2 and < 4) and inactive (< 4) by Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and/or very high (≥ 3.5), high (≥ 2.1 to < 3.5), low (≥ 1.3 to < 2.1), and inactive (< 1.3) by AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-CRP). Both patients and physicians’ perceptions of disease control were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS; 0—inactive to 10—very active disease).

Results
The cohort included 378 patients with a mean age of 46 years, and the median time since diagnosis until enrollment was 5.4 years (interquartile range 2.7–10.5). Most patients were treated with TNFi alone (74%), followed by TNFi in combination with NSAID (15%), and NSAID alone (11%). About half AS patients showed active disease and 24% of patients showed low activity/suboptimal disease control despite having been treated for at least 12 weeks. Although TNFi showed better disease control than NSAID, inactive disease was experienced by few patients. The NRS (mean [standard deviation]) score for disease perception was 4.24 (3.3) and 2.85 (2.6) for patients and physicians, respectively.

Conclusion
This real-world study showed that most AS patients on TNFi and/or NSAID had not achieved an adequate disease control, as almost 75% of them exhibited active disease or low activity/suboptimal disease control. There remains a need for improved disease management among patients with AS.
Anti-drug Antibody Sample Testing and Reporting Harmonization
Authors: Jani Darshana , Marsden Robin , Gunsior Michele , Hay Laura Schild , Ward Bethany , Cowan Kyra J. , Azadeh Mitra , Barker Breann , Cao Liching , Closson Kristin R. , Coble Kelly , Dholakiya Sanjay L. , Dusseault Julie , Hays Amanda , Herl Carina , Hodsdon Michael E. , Irvin Susan C. , Kirshner Susan , Kolaitis Gerry , Kulagina Nadia , Kumar Seema , Lai Ching Ha , Lipari Francesco , Liu Susana , Merdek Keith D. , Moldovan Ioana R. , Mozaffari Reza , Pan Luying , Place Corina , Snoeck Veerle , Manning Marta Starcevic , Stocker Dennis , Tary-Lehmann Magdalena , Turner Amy , Vainshtein Inna , Verthelyi Daniela , Williams William T. , Yan Haoheng , Yan Weili , Yang Lili , Yang Lin , Zemo Jennifer , Zhong Zhandong Don 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA clear scientific and operational need exists for harmonized bioanalytical immunogenicity study reporting to facilitate communication of immunogenicity findings and expedient review by industry and health authorities. To address these key bioanalytical reporting gaps and provide a report structure for documenting immunogenicity results, this cross-industry group was formed to establish harmonized recommendations and a develop a submission template to facilitate agency filings. Provided here are recommendations for reporting clinical anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay results using ligand-binding assay technologies. This publication describes the essential bioanalytical report (BAR) elements such as the method, critical reagents and equipment, study samples, results, and data analysis, and provides a template for a suggested structure for the ADA BAR. This publication focuses on the content and presentation of the bioanalytical ADA sample analysis report. The interpretation of immunogenicity data, including the evaluation of the impact of ADA on safety, exposure, and efficacy, is out of scope of this publication.
Graphical Abstract
A Single-Center, Observational Study of 607 Children and Young People Presenting With Differences of Sex Development (DSD)
Authors: Man Elim , Mushtaq Imran , Barnicoat Angela , Carmichael Polly , Hughes Claire R , Davies Kate , Aitkenhead Helen , Amin Rakesh , Buchanan Charles R , Cherian Abraham , Costa Nikola J , Creighton Sarah M , Duffy Patrick G , Hewson Emma , Hindmarsh Peter C , Monzani Louisa C , Peters Catherine J , Ransley Philip G , Smeulders Naima , Spoudeas Helen A , Wood Dan , Hughes Ieuan A , Katugampola Harshini , Brain Caroline E , Dattani Mehul T , Achermann John C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Differences of sex development (DSD) represent a wide range of conditions presenting at different ages to various health professionals. Establishing a diagnosis, supporting the family, and developing a management plan are important.

Objective
We aimed to better understand the presentation and prevalence of pediatric DSD.

Methods
A retrospective, observational cohort study was undertaken in a single tertiary pediatric center of all children and young people (CYP) referred to a DSD multidisciplinary team over 25 years (1995-2019). In total, 607 CYP (520 regional referrals) were included. Data were analyzed for diagnosis, sex-assignment, age and mode of presentation, additional phenotypic features, mortality, and approximate point prevalence.

Results
Among the 3 major DSD categories, sex chromosome DSD was diagnosed in 11.2% (68/607) (most commonly 45,X/46,XY mosaicism), 46,XY DSD in 61.1% (371/607) (multiple diagnoses often with associated features), while 46,XX DSD occurred in 27.7% (168/607) (often 21-hydroxylase deficiency). Most children (80.1%) presented as neonates, usually with atypical genitalia, adrenal insufficiency, undescended testes or hernias. Those presenting later had diverse features. Rarely, the diagnosis was made antenatally (3.8%, n = 23) or following incidental karyotyping/family history (n = 14). Mortality was surprisingly high in 46,XY children, usually due to complex associated features (46,XY girls, 8.3%; 46,XY boys, 2.7%). The approximate point prevalence of neonatal referrals for investigation of DSD was 1 in 6347 births, and 1 in 5101 overall throughout childhood.

Conclusion
DSD represent a diverse range of conditions that can present at different ages. Pathways for expert diagnosis and management are important to optimize care.
Central venous access device locking practices in the adult critical care setting: a single-centre, observational study establishing duration of locking per catheter lumen
Authors: Ornowska Marlena , Wittmann Jessica , Reynolds Steven 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Central line complications remain a problem in critical care patient populations. Various interventions to prevent or treat complications, such as central line-associated bloodstream infection and occlusion, have been the focus of recent research. Although alternative catheter locking solutions have been shown to be effective in other patient populations, their applicability to the critical care setting remains unclear. Due to the high acuity of critical care patients, it is uncertain whether their central lines remain locked for a duration long enough for alternative locking solutions to provide any effect. Methods: This single-centre, prospective, observational study aimed to gather information about the length of time central line lumens remain in a locked state in the average critical care patient. Baseline rates of various central line complications were also tracked. Results: Results of this study indicate that the majority of central lines will have at least one lumen locked for an average of 36.6% of their time in situ. Conclusions: It is anticipated that this length of time provides enough exposure for alternative locking solutions to potentially make a difference in central line complications in this patient population. Results of this study can be used for planning future multi-centre, randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of novel central line locking solutions to prevent central line complications in critically ill patients.
Examining Phenotypic Differences in Gaze Avoidance Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Wilkinson Ellen H. , Britton Tobias C. , Hall Scott S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We examined potential phenotypic differences in eye gaze avoidance exhibited by boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In Study 1, the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS) was administered to caregivers of boys aged 7–18 years with FXS (n = 148), ASD (n = 168), and mixed developmental disabilities (MDD; n = 128). In Study 2, subsets of boys with FXS (n = 31) and boys with ASD (n = 25) received a brief behavioral treatment probe to improve eye contact. Results showed that boys with FXS obtained significantly higher scores on the ECAS compared to boys with ASD and MDD. Exposure to the brief behavioral treatment probe resulted in significant decreases in scores for boys with FXS, but not for boys with ASD.
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery Feasibility in Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Condy Emma E. , Becker Lindsey , Farmer Cristan , Kaat Aaron J. , Chlebowski Colby , Kozel Beth A. , Thurm Audrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed for epidemiological and longitudinal studies across a wide age span. Such a tool may be useful for intervention trials in conditions characterized by intellectual disability (ID), such as Williams syndrome (WS). Three NIHTB-CB tasks, including two executive functioning (Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort) and one episodic memory (Picture Sequence Memory) task, were given to 47 individuals with WS, ages 4 to 50, to evaluate feasibility (i.e., proportion of valid administrations) in this population. Findings indicated that NIHTB-CB tests showed good feasibility. Flanker and DCCS age-corrected scores were negatively correlated with age and showed floor effects, indicating these scores may not be useful for quantifying performance on these NIHTB-CB tests in ID.
Microwave signal generation from a parity-time-symmetric optoelectronic oscillator with optical injection locking
Authors: Jiao Zhejing , Zuo Pengcheng , Xue Liang , Li Gaofang , Chen Yang 
Published: October 2022

A parity-time (PT) symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with optical injection locking is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate single-mode microwave signals. A distributed feedback laser is injection locked, which functions as a frequency multiplier for the coarse mode selection of the PT-symmetric OEO. The PT symmetry in the OEO is implemented by using a polarization-dependent Sagnac loop to form two identical loops for coupling. By tuning the two polarization controllers in the Sagnac loop, the gain/loss and coupling coefficient of the two loops can be controlled, and single-mode oscillation in the OEO could be achieved at the broken PT-symmetry condition. Microwave signal generation at the frequency of 6.427 GHz is obtained from the proposed OEO. The phase noise is about −105 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz.
Polarization independent high-speed spatial modulators based on an electro-optic polymer and silicon hybrid metasurface
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Qiu Feng 
Published: October 2022

Dynamical control of the constitutive properties of a light beam is important for many applications in photonics and is achieved with spatial light modulators (SLMs). Performances of the current demonstrations, such as liquid-crystal or micro-electrical mechanical SLMs, are typically limited by low (∼kHz) switching speeds. Here, we report a high-speed SLM based on the electro-optic (EO) polymer and silicon hybrid metasurface. The specially configured metasurface can not only support a high-Q resonance and large “optical–electrical” overlap factor, but also overcome the challenge of polarization dependence in traditional EO modulators. Combined with the high EO coefficient of the polymer, a 400 MHz modulation with an RF driving source of 15 dBm has been observed in the proof-of-concept device near the wavelength of 1310 nm. The device with the desired merits of high speed, high efficiency, and micrometer size may provide new opportunities for high-speed smart-pixel imaging, free-space communication, and more.
Management of Self-Efficiency Management and Work Commitment at the School of the Cooperation Agreement Unit
Authors: Murniarti Erni , Sihotang Hotmaulina , Purba Santri Chintia 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to reveal factors (1) reveal the dominant factors of self-efficacy and describe the characteristics of self-efficacy; (2) reveal the dominant factor of work commitment and describe the characteristics of work commitment; (3) reveal whether there is a teacher's self-efficacy, and work commitment based on gender; (4) reveal whether there are differences in self-efficacy and work commitment based on educational qualifications; (5) reveal whether there are differences in self-efficacy and work commitment based on work period. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method with factor analysis using SPSS 26, and the study population was all SPK school teachers and a sample of 258 people with the purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained through a questionnaire. Data analysis used factor analysis to determine the dominant factors of self-efficacy and work commitment variables. The difference test uses the Tukey test. The results showed that the dominant factor of self-efficacy is the ability to solve problems, and the dominant factor of work commitment is working continuously. In addition, it was found that there was no difference in teacher self-efficacy and work commitment based on educational qualifications and gender. The longer the teacher works, the more self-efficacy and work commitment increase.
Educational Reform in Contemporary China: An Autobiographic Ethnographic Study of a Local University in Gansu Province
Authors: Tianjin Wang 
Published: October 2022

This paper reviews the educational reform process in contemporary China based on an autobiographic ethnographic case study of Tianshui Normal University (TNU) in Gansu province. It examines the relationship between Chinese culture and education, probes the modern education model in China, and offers some operational suggestions for further education reforms in China. The author adopted qualitative research methods to study the critical issues related to educational reform in contemporary China and demonstrated the accomplishments of educational reform in China.
Oxidant‐ induced preconditioning: A pharmacologic approach for triggering renal ‘self defense’
Authors: Zager Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common event, occurring in ~5% and ~35% of hospitalized and ICU patients, respectively. The development of AKI portends an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given these facts, a multitude of experimental studies have addressed potential methods for inducing AKI prevention in high‐risk patients. However, successful clinical translation of promising experimental data has remained elusive. Over the past decade, our laboratory has focused on developing a method for safely triggering AKI protection by inducing “kidney preconditioning” in mice by the intravenous administration of a combination of Fe sucrose (FeS) + tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). These agents induce mild, but short lived, ‘oxidant stress’ which synergistically activate a number of kidney ‘self‐defense’ pathways (e.g., Nrf2, ferritin, IL‐10). Within 18–24 h of Fe/SnPP administration, marked protection against diverse forms of experimental toxic and ischemic AKI results. FeS/SnPP‐mediated reductions in kidney injury can also indirectly decrease injury in other organs by mitigating the so called “organ cross talk” phenomenon. Given these promising experimental data, three phase 1b clinical trials were undertaken in healthy subjects and patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD. These studies demonstrated that FeS/SnPP were well tolerated and that they up‐regulated the cytoprotective Nrf2, ferritin, and IL‐10 pathways. Two subsequent phase 2 trials, conducted in patients undergoing ‘on‐pump’ cardiovascular surgery or in patients hospitalized with COVID 19, confirmed FeS/SnPP safety. Furthermore, interim data analyses revealed statistically significant improvements in several clinical parameters. The goals of this review are to: (i) briefly discuss the historical background of renal “preconditioning”; (ii) present the experimental data that support the concept of FeS/SnPP‐ induced organ protection; and (iii) discuss the initial results of clinical trials that suggest the potential clinical utility of an ‘oxidant preconditioning’ strategy.
Effects of working memory capacity and distance-based complexity on agreement processing: a crosslinguistic competition account
Authors: Rattanasak Sonthaya , Pongpairoj Nattama , Christianson Kiel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study examined the extent to which working memory (WM) capacity and distance-based complexity influenced how second language (L2) learners used morphosyntactic information incrementally during online processing of L2 English long-distance subject-verb number agreement dependencies. The moving-window self-paced reading experiment involved 40 agreement-lacking first language (L1) Thai learners of English and 40 native English speakers. Distance-based complexity was manipulated based on whether the agreement controller and the agreeing verb were intervened by a short-distance subject-extracted relative clause or a long-distance object-extracted relative clause in line with the Dependency Locality Theory. The findings indicated that both native speakers and L2 learners experienced less processing difficulty in short-distance conditions, showing heightened sensitivity to agreement violations. Their sensitivity was, however, modulated as a function of distance-based complexity and WM capacity. The L2 learners’ lack of sensitivity in the long-distance conditions was associated with their limited pool of cognitive resources. Consistent with the L1–L2 structural competition account, these findings suggest in relation to morphology learning in SLA that L2 learners may labor under parallel activation during crosslinguistic competition, whereby cognitive resources are insufficient to resolve long-distance agreement dependencies, thus resulting in reduced sensitivity to L2 morphosyntactic violations.
Attractivity of implicit differential equations with composite fractional derivative
Authors: Vivek Devaraj , Elsayed Elsayed M. , Kanagarajan Kuppusamy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and attractivity of solutions for an implicit differential equation with composite fractional derivative. By means of Schauder’s fixed point theorem, sufficient conditions for the main results are investigated. An example is presented to illustrate our theory
Jumping on the bandwagon? Attendance response to recent victories in the NBA
Authors: Munoz Ercio , Chen Jiadi , Thomas Milan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies whether a recent victory impacts attendance at sports events. We apply a regression discontinuity design to estimate the local average treatment effect of a win on the attendance of subsequent games in professional basketball. Using National Basketball Association data from seasons 1980–81 to 2017–18, we find that home team fan bases react to recent outcomes, with an increase in attendance of approximately 425 attendants (a 3% boost) following a close win relative to a close loss. The increment is approximately one-eighth of a recent estimate of the superstar effect. We do not find an attendance effect when the visiting team has a recent victory, which provides evidence against the existence of externalities. The positive fan base response to narrow home wins relative to narrow losses suggests that recent luck is rewarded in sporting attendance. We discuss possible mechanisms and document a gradual decline in the attendance response that coincides with the rise of alternative means for viewing games and secondary markets for tickets.