bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperfractionated intensity‐modulated proton therapy for pharyngeal cancer with variable relative biological effectiveness: A simulation study
Authors: Kasamatsu Koki , Matsuura Taeko , Yasuda Koichi , Miyazaki Koichi , Takao Seishin , Tamura Masaya , Otsuka Manami , Uchinami Yusuke , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton is considered to be dependent on biological parameters and fractional dose. While hyperfractionated photon therapy was effective in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancers, its effect in intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) under the variable RBE has not been investigated in detail.PurposeTo study the effect of variable RBE on hyperfractionated IMPT for the treatment of pharyngeal cancer. We investigated the biologically effective dose (BED) to determine the theoretical effective hyperfractionated schedule.MethodsThe treatment plans of three pharyngeal cancer patients were used to define the ΔBED for the clinical target volume (CTV) and soft tissue (acute and late reaction) as the difference between the BED for the altered schedule with variable RBE and conventional schedule with constant RBE. The ΔBED with several combinations of parameters (treatment days, number of fractions, and prescribed dose) was comprehensively calculated. Of the candidate schedules, the one that commonly gave a higher ΔBED for CTV was selected as the resultant schedule. The BED volume histogram was used to compare the influence of variable RBE and fractionation.ResultsIn the conventional schedule, compared with the constant RBE, the variable RBE resulted in a mean 2.6 and 2.7 Gy reduction of BEDmean for the CTV and soft tissue (acute reaction) of the three plans, respectively. Moreover, the BEDmean for soft tissue (late reaction) increased by 7.4 Gy, indicating a potential risk of increased RBE. Comprehensive calculation of the ΔBED resulted in the hyperfractionated schedule of 80.52 Gy (RBE = 1.1)/66 fractions in 6.5 weeks. When variable RBE was used, compared with the conventional schedule, the hyperfractionated schedule increased the BEDmean for CTV by 7.6 Gy; however, this was associated with a 7.8 Gy increase for soft tissue (acute reaction). The BEDmean for soft tissue (late reaction) decreased by 2.4 Gy.ConclusionThe results indicated a potential effect of the variable RBE on IMPT for pharyngeal cancer but with the possibility that hyperfractionation could outweigh this effect. Although biological uncertainties require conservative use of the resultant schedule, hyperfractionation is expected to be an effective strategy in IMPT for pharyngeal cancer.
Technical note: Determining equivalent squares of high‐energetic photon fields
Authors: Ringholz Jonas , Wegener Sonja , Sauer Otto Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWe developed a method based on a physical pencil beam model for accurate equivalent square calculations for rectangular and irregular fields, for different definitions of equivalent squares, for beams with and without flattening filter, different photon energies, and depths in water.MethodsWe considered two equivalent square definitions: equal dose at a point on the beam axis and equal depth dose, measured as tissue phantom ratio at 20 and 10 cm depth (). As dose engine, we used an analytical pencil beam model. By integrating the pencil beam kernels, we assigned square fields to rectangular fields minimizing the dose, respectively, the difference. The results were compared with measurements at 100 mm depth for nominal beam energies of 6 and 18 MV, the Sterling equation, the geometric mean, and data from BJR Suppl 25 (British Institute of Radiology, 1996).ResultsPencil beam results were closest to the measurements. An energy dependence of several millimeters for small field dimensions and depth dependencies for very elongated fields were observed. For the assignment of WFF square to FFF rectangular fields, using the equal‐ definition, our method agrees with previously published results. For circular fields approximated by leaves, we found deviations to the data from BJR Suppl. 25 below 1 mm for diameters smaller than 200 mm.ConclusionsOur study shows that the validity range for geometric mean and Sterling equation is limited. Ergo, instead of specifying specific validity ranges, we suggest using the pencil beam method, valid for all aspect ratios, including elongated fields in the primary dose dominated regime. We published our method as python library and graphical user interface on GitHub. Users can choose between two definitions of equivalent square and between WFF and FFF fields. The implemented pencil beam method for irregular fields is also usable for quality assurance such as monitor unit checks.
A monolithic finite element formulation for the hydroelastic analysis of very large floating structures
Authors: Colomés Oriol , Verdugo Francesc , Akkerman Ido 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work we present a novel monolithic Finite Element method for the hydroelastic analysis of very large floating structures (VLFS) with arbitrary shapes that is stable, energy conserving, and overcomes the need of an iterative algorithm. The new formulation enables a fully monolithic solution of the linear free‐surface flow, described by linear potential flow, coupled with floating thin structures, described by the Euler–Bernoulli beam or Poisson–Kirchhoff plate equations. The formulation presented in this work is general in the sense that solutions can be found in the frequency and time domains, it overcomes the need of using elements with continuity by employing a continuous/discontinuous Galerkin approach, and it is suitable for finite elements of arbitrary order. We show that the proposed approach can accurately describe the hydroelastic phenomena of VLFS with a variety of tests, including structures with elastic joints, variable bathymetry, and arbitrary structural shapes.
Numerical simulation of poly(lactic acid) polymeric composites reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose for industrial applications
Authors: Zambaldi Edimilson , Magalhães Ricardo R. , Dias Matheus C. , Mendes Lourival M. , Tonoli Gustavo H. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe advancement of biodegradable polymer application is increasingly growing through various combinations with other materials. There is a great expectation on how the use of those new materials can be expanded not only as a replacement for polymers of fossil origin but also in the replacement of metallic materials. Thus, this work presents the use of numerical simulations as a tool to evaluate and reengineer the application of a biodegradable composite constituted by nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in the construction of mechanical components. The academic and industrial interest of this work led to a case study using the finite element analysis (FEA) and the composites produced, where it was evaluated the technical feasibility of replacing a mechanical component constructed with 1060 H12 aluminum alloy.
The crystalline structure of polypropylene waxes: An occurrence of γ crystallographic form
Authors: Bednarek Wojciech Hubert , Marek Adam , Strzemiecka Beata , Szymańska Joanna , Paukszta Dominik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe non‐regressive interest in application of polypropylene in man‐made technologies tends many research groups to further investigate the crystalline structure of that polymer. Current research was focused on the issue of crystallization and supermolecular structure of polypropylene waxes, commonly used in composites technology. With use of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, polarized‐light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, there were described the morphology and crystallinity of two main kind of waxes: thermally degraded and oxidized (both of them treated during various time). The results showed a strong dependence between the method of degradation, as well as its time, and the supermolecular structure of examined waxes. Moreover, the occurrence of significant amount of γ polymorphic form of polypropylene was noticed for degraded waxes samples, especially in anaerobic conditions. It is reasonable to underline that presented kind of research was not published previously and supplied important information about the supermolecular structure of polypropylene waxes.
Responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to different host plants: Implications for its management strategy
Authors: Sisay Birhanu , Sevgan Subramanian , Weldon Christopher W. , Krüger Kerstin , Torto Baldwyn , Tamiru Amanuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe selection of suitable host plants for oviposition is critical for herbivorous insects to maximise survival of their offspring. Olfaction plays an important role in this process. However, little is known about how olfaction shapes the interaction between the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and host plants. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that olfaction guides the host selection process in the fall armyworm using oviposition and wind tunnel bioassays.ResultsIn no‐choice and dual‐choice assays, female moths oviposited on all seven host plants that were tested (maize, sorghum, wheat, bean, cowpea, tomato and cabbage). However, in multiple‐choice assays, no eggs were deposited on cowpea and cabbage. We found that maize, sorghum and wheat were most preferred for oviposition, whereas cowpea was least preferred. Wind tunnel assays confirmed these divergent oviposition preferences, with maize, sorghum and wheat odours being the most attractive. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis followed by random forest classification identified terpenes as the potential host‐plant attractants.ConclusionOur results improve our understanding of the chemical ecology of the fall armyworm and suggest that some of these host plants could offer potential for use in an intercropping strategy to manage S. frugiperda. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Toward Superb Perovskite Oxide Electrocatalysts: Engineering of Coupled Nanocomposites
Authors: Han Liang , Zhang Jiawei , Zou Minda , Tong Jianhua (Joshua) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA significant issue that bedeviled the commercialization of renewable energy technologies, ranging from low‐temperature water electrolyzers to high‐temperature solid oxide cells, is the lack of high‐performance catalysts. Among various candidates that could tackle such a challenge, perovskite oxides are rising‐star materials because of their unique structural and compositional flexibility. However, single‐phase perovskite oxides are challenging to satisfy all the requirements of electrocatalysts concurrently for practical applications, such as high catalytic activity, excellent stability, good ionic and electronic conductivities, and superior chemical/thermo‐mechanical robustness. Impressively, perovskite oxides with coupled nanocomposites are emerging as a novel form offering multifunctionality due to their intrinsic features, including infinite interfaces with solid interaction, tunable compositions, flexible configurations, and maximum synergistic effects between assorted components. Considering this new configuration has attracted great attention owing to its promising performances in various energy‐related applications, this review timely summarizes the leading‐edge development of perovskite oxide‐based coupled nanocomposites. Their state‐of‐art synthetic strategies are surveyed and highlighted, their unique structural advantages are highlighted and illustrated through the typical oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reactions in both high and low‐temperature applications. Opinions on the current critical scientific issues and opportunities in this burgeoning research field are all provided.
An Engineered IgG–VHH Bispecific Antibody against SARS‐CoV‐2 and Its Variants
Authors: Chi Hang , Wang Lei , Liu Chanjuan , Cheng Xiaohe , Zheng Hailiang , Lv Lilang , Tan Yongcong , Zhang Nana , Zhao Suoqun , Wu Mei , Luo Dan , Qiu Hongying , Feng Rui , Fu Wangjun , Zhang Jie , Xiong Xiaochuan , Zhang Yifei , Zu Shulong , Chen Qi , Ye Qing , Yan Xintian , Hu Yuhao , Zhang Zhen , Yan Run , Yin Jiangfeng , Lei Pan , Wang Wanjing , Lang Guojun , Shao Junbin , Deng Yongqiang , Wang Xiangxi , Qin Chengfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) neutralizing antibodies are shown to be effective therapeutics for providing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) protection. However, recurrent variants arise and facilitate significant escape from current antibody therapeutics. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a unique platform to increase antibody breadth and to reduce neutralization escape. Herein, a novel immunoglobulin G–variable domains of heavy‐chain‐only antibody (IgG–VHH) format bsAb derived from a potent human antibody R15‐F7 and a humanized nanobody P14‐F8‐35 are rationally engineered. The resulting bsAb SYZJ001 efficiently neutralizes wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants, with superior efficacy to its parental antibodies. Cryo‐electron microscopy structural analysis reveals that R15‐F7 and P14‐F8‐35 bind to nonoverlapping epitopes within the RBD and sterically hindered ACE2 receptor binding. Most importantly, SYZJ001 shows potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS‐CoV‐2 in three established mouse models. Collectively, the current results demonstrate that the novel bsAb format is feasible and effective, suggesting great potential as an inspiring antiviral strategy.
Transcriptional profiles in olfactory pathway–associated brain regions of African green monkeys: Associations with age and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology
Authors: Negrey Jacob D. , Dobbins Dorothy L. , Howard Timothy D. , Borgmann‐Winter Karin E. , Hahn Chang‐Gyu , Kalinin Sergey , Feinstein Douglas L. , Craft Suzanne , Shively Carol A. , Register Thomas C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionOlfactory impairment in older individuals is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Characterization of age versus neuropathology‐associated changes in the brain olfactory pathway may elucidate processes underlying early AD pathogenesis. Here, we report age versus AD neuropathology–associated differential transcription in four brain regions in the olfactory pathway of 10 female African green monkeys (vervet, Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), a well‐described model of early AD‐like neuropathology.MethodsTranscriptional profiles were determined by microarray in the olfactory bulb (OB), piriform cortex (PC), temporal lobe white matter (WM), and inferior temporal cortex (ITC). Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque load in parietal and temporal cortex was determined by immunohistochemistry, and concentrations of Aβ42, Aβ40, and norepinephrine in ITC were determined by enzyme‐linked immuosorbent assay (ELISA). Transcriptional profiles were compared between middle‐aged and old animals, and associations with AD‐relevant neuropathological measures were determined.ResultsTranscriptional profiles varied by brain region and age group. Expression levels of TRO and RNU4‐1 were significantly lower in all four regions in the older group. An additional 29 genes were differentially expressed by age in three of four regions. Analyses of a combined expression data set of all four regions identified 77 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by age group. Among these DEGs, older subjects had elevated levels of CTSB, EBAG9, LAMTOR3, and MRPL17, and lower levels of COMMD10 and TYW1B. A subset of these DEGs was associated with neuropathology biomarkers. Notably, CTSB was positively correlated with Aβ plaque counts, Aβ42:Aβ40 ratios, and norepinephrine levels in all brain regions.DiscussionThese data demonstrate age differences in gene expression in olfaction‐associated brain regions. Biological processes exhibiting age‐related enrichment included the regulation of cell death, vascular function, mitochondrial function, and proteostasis. A subset of DEGs was specifically associated with AD phenotypes. These may represent promising targets for future mechanistic investigations and perhaps therapeutic intervention.
Holographic tensor networks from hyperbolic buildings
Authors: Gesteau Elliott , Marcolli Matilde , Parikh Sarthak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce a unifying framework for the construction of holographic tensor networks, based on the theory of hyperbolic buildings. The underlying dualities relate a bulk space to a boundary which can be homeomorphic to a sphere, but also to more general spaces like a Menger sponge type fractal. In this general setting, we give a precise construction of a large family of bulk regions that satisfy complementary recovery. For these regions, our networks obey a Ryu-Takayanagi formula. The areas of Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces are controlled by the Hausdorff dimension of the boundary, and consistently generalize the behavior of holographic entanglement entropy in integer dimensions to the non-integer case. Our construction recovers HaPPY-like codes in all dimensions, and generalizes the geometry of Bruhat-Tits trees. It also provides examples of infinite-dimensional nets of holographic conditional expectations, and opens a path towards the study of conformal field theory and holography on fractal spaces.
Correlators of four light-ray operators in CCFT
Authors: De Shounak , Hu Yangrui , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Building on results in arXiv:2203.04255, we compute the correlator of four gluon light-ray operators in celestial CFT. We find that it is described by Fox H-functions and generalized I-functions of multiple variables. We also analyze light-ray correlators for a scalar amplitude involving the exchange of a massive scalar.
Boosted-oriented probabilistic smoothing-spline clustering of series
Authors: Iorio Carmela , Frasso Gianluca , D’Ambrosio Antonio , Siciliano Roberta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFuzzy clustering methods allow the objects to belong to several clusters simultaneously, with different degrees of membership. However, a factor that influences the performance of fuzzy algorithms is the value of fuzzifier parameter. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy clustering procedure for data (time) series that does not depend on the definition of a fuzzifier parameter. It comes from two approaches, theoretically motivated for unsupervised and supervised classification cases, respectively. The first is the Probabilistic Distance clustering procedure. The second is the well known Boosting philosophy. Our idea is to adopt a boosting prospective for unsupervised learning problems, in particular we face with non hierarchical clustering problems. The global performance of the proposed method is investigated by various experiments.
Applying the COM-B model to understand wearable activity tracker use in children and adolescents
Authors: Creaser Amy V. , Clemes Stacy A. , Bingham Daniel D. , Costa Silvia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
Wearable activity trackers (wearables) are increasingly popular intervention tools for increasing child and adolescent physical activity (PA) levels. However, the large-scale habitual use of wearables in children and adolescents is unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of wearable use in children and adolescents, and what factors impact their use.

Subjects and methods
This study utilised a cross-sectional survey and the ‘Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour’ (COM-B) model was applied to explore what child/adolescent and parental characteristics impact wearable use. Parents/guardians of 5- to 17-year-olds were invited to complete the survey. The survey was open internationally, and consisted of between 19 and 23 questions, depending on child/adolescent wearable use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore variables impacting wearable use, in children (5 to 9 years) and adolescents (10 to 17 years).

Results
The survey was completed by 652 parents, representing 831 children/adolescents. Most children/adolescents had never used a wearable (n = 429; 51.6%), and 252 (30.3%) and 150 (18.1%) currently or had previously used a wearable, respectively. Child age and sex, capability, opportunity and motivation for PA were associated with wearable use, and differences were present between child (5 to 9 years) and adolescent (10 to 17 years) wearable use.

Conclusions
This study offers a novel contribution to the understanding of child and adolescent habitual wearable use, and what impacts wearable use in these age groups.
Stable interpolation with exponential-polynomial splines and node selection via greedy algorithms
Authors: Campagna R. , De Marchi S. , Perracchione E. , Santin G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work we extend some ideas about greedy algorithms, which are well-established tools for, e.g., kernel bases, and exponential-polynomial splines whose main drawback consists in possible overfitting and consequent oscillations of the approximant. To partially overcome this issue, we develop some results on theoretically optimal interpolation points. Moreover, we introduce two algorithms which perform an adaptive selection of the spline interpolation points based on the minimization either of the sample residuals (f-greedy), or of an upper bound for the approximation error based on the spline Lebesgue function ($$\lambda$$
λ
-greedy). Both methods allow us to obtain an adaptive selection of the sampling points, i.e., the spline nodes. While the f-greedy selection is tailored to one specific target function, the $$\lambda$$
λ
-greedy algorithm enables us to define target-data-independent interpolation nodes.
Genetic population structure of the blue sea star (Linckia laevigata) and the boring giant clam (Tridacna crocea) across Malaysia
Authors: Waheed Zarinah , Bos Arthur R. , Kochzius Marc , Hoeksema Bert W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVarious studies on population genetics in the Indo-Pacific that include the Coral Triangle region have revealed phylogeographic patterns in marine species populations. However, little is known about the population structure and connectivity pattern among the coral reefs in four seas surrounding Malaysia: the Strait of Malacca (Andaman Sea), the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea, and the Sulawesi Sea. In view of this, we examined the genetic population structure of two invertebrate species: the blue sea star (Linckia laevigata) and the boring clam (Tridacna crocea) from seven localities across Malaysia, including Pulau Layang-Layang in the Spratly Islands. Additional samples ofL. laevigatawere obtained from the Davao Gulf, the Philippines. The analyses were based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences ofL. laevigataandT. crocea. Populations ofL. laevigataandT. croceashowed departure from neutrality, indicating selection or population expansion. However, a mismatch analysis suggested population expansion. Lack of genetic population structure inL. laevigata(ΦST = − 0.001,P = 0.399) implies high connectivity among the sampled reef sites. There was subtle genetic structuring in populations ofT. crocea(ΦST = 0.032,P = 0.009), but AMOVA did not detect any structure in the a priori groupings. The genetic population structure and scale in connectivity are most likely attributed to the life history traits of the sea star and giant clam species, and also to the geological history and seasonal current patterns of the region.