bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scope, Effects and Mitigation of Hydropeaking: A Case Study of Lundesokna, Gaula River
Authors: Devi N. Nithila , Ganapathy Abinesh , Chang Yuan-Shun , Angulo B. Yessica Sevilla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lundesokna river which is a tributary of the unregulated Gaula River, is exposed to the problem of hydropeaking caused by the hydropower plant. River Gaula is also one of the best Atlantic Salmon fishing rivers in Norway. The main objective of the paper is to quantify the impact of hydropeaking in Lundesokna-Gaula confluence and along the lengths of River Lundesokna on salmon population. As a first step, the characteristics of hydropeaking such as peaking discharge, base flow, standard amplitude, peak retention, flashness and rate of change are estimated. Then the seasonality of hydropeaking behaviour is quantified by detecting hydropeaking events using Hydropeaking Event Detection Algorithm (HEDA) (Li & Pasternack, 2021) algorithm. For the individual peaking event and seasonal average peak-base flows the hydraulic model was set-up. The hydraulic characteristics of hydropeaking events at various zones of the Lundesokna River, such as various ramping areas, ramping rate were estimated. Additionally, the eco-hydraulic indicators such as potential spawning area, spawning habitat and fish stranding indices were estimated at various zones of the Lundesokna River. The key highlights of the analysis that has been conducted for Lundesokna are as follows: (i) 15 min temporal resolution was found out to be optimal in capturing the hydropeaking events, (ii) base-peak flow differences were prominent in Winter season, (iii) confluence reported lower ramping rates due to moderation by the unregulated flows in Gaula, (iv) irrespective of the increase in flows in Lundesokna (up to a flow similar to that in Gaula), confluence’s spawning potential will not be much affected; however other sites in Lundesokna might get affected, therefore site-specific mitigation strategies need to be practiced, (v) when Gaula is at low flows, hydropeaking flows at Lundesokna should be maintained accordingly to reduce the stranding risk. We also propose an environmental flow informed comprehensive framework for drafting operational guidelines and site-specific mitigation measures can be undertaken to ensure effective conservation of the salmon population.
Discuss the rationality of the new substage IB of FIGO 2018 cervical cancer staging system
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zhao Hongwei , Wang Yahong , Cao Yuye , Zhu Bin , Lin Lihong , Li Weili , Wang Qianqing , Jin Shuangling , Yao Jilong , Bin Xiaolong , Lang Jinghe , Chen Chunlin , Liu Ping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the rationality of the new stage IB of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 cervical cancer from the open surgical oncology perspective.
Methods: Patients with FIGO 2018 stage IB cervical cancer were screened from the clinical diagnosis and treatment for cervical cancer in China (Four C) database including cases from 47 hospitals in mainland China between 2004 and 2018.Firstly, we classified the lymph node-positive cases in the FIGO 2009 stage IB as stage “IIIC-IB”.Then,using Real World Study(RWS) method,we retrospectively compared the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)of patients with FIGO2018 staged IB1、IB2、IB3 and IIIC-IB .
Results:The results were as follows: 1210 cases were in stage IB1, 1315 cases were in stage IB2, 470 cases were in stage IB3, and 868 cases were in stage “IIIC-IB”.(1) In the whole study population, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed statistically meaningful differences in 5-year OS and 5-year DFS in patients with stage IB1、IB2、IB3 and IIIC-IB cervical cancer (OS: 98.4% vs 94.8% vs 92.1%vs 81.9% , P<0.001; DFS: 94.0% vs 90.7%vs 90.3% vs74.9%, P<0.001).(2)Cox multivariate analysis showed:for stage IB1、IB2，IB1 was an independent protective factor for 5-year OS (HR=0.438, 95% CI: 0.245-0.785,P=0.006),but IB1 was not an independent protective factor for 5-year DFS (P=0.073).For stage IB2、IB3,stage IB3 was not an independent risk factor for 5-year OS and 5-year DFS (OS：P=0.120; DFS：P=0.828).(3) For stage IB1、IB2、IB3、IIIC-IB, Kaplan-Meier analysis and cox multivariate analysis both showed a higher risk of death and death/recurrence in the stageIIIC-IB than the stage IB.
Conclusion: The new FIGO 2018 staging strategy is helpful for further distinguishing the survival outcomes of patients with different IB substages, especially IB1、IB2 , but it is not significant for those with IB2、IB3 substages. Patients in the FIGO2009 stage IB disease with positive lymph node metastasis are classified in the FIGO 2018 stage IIIC-IB group, which is helpful for further guiding clinical decision-making and prognosis evaluation.
Revisiting the East Asian summer monsoon structure: A combined effect of condensational heating and synoptic eddy activities
Authors: Chen Shengjie , Yang Xiu-Qun , Fang Jiabei , Sun Linyuan , Tao Lingfeng , Sang Xiaozhuo , Yin Manman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is a unique regional monsoon in the subtropics involving not only tropical but midlatitude processes. Most of the previous studies identified the role of condensational heating which is largely relevant to the tropical moisture transport in determining the dynamical structure of EASM. However, how midlatitude synoptic eddy activities can affect the EASM structure has not been well recognized. With dynamical diagnoses, this study revisits the EASM structure by emphasizing the roles of feedbacks of condensational heating versus synoptic eddy activities. As EASM is characterized by a grand low-level low with strong humid southerly flows extending from the tropics to the northeastern Asia, its vertical structure is found to have a distinct meridional difference bounded at around 35.5oN. In the southern domain, EASM features a meridional overturning cell and a baroclinic structure with an upper-level high versus a lower-level low in geopotential height, which are primarily controlled by substantial condensational heating due to abundant monsoon precipitation. However, in the northern domain, EASM exhibits an equivalent barotropic structure with an upper-level low versus a lower-level low. Such a unique structure results from a combined effect of feedbacks of condensational heating and synoptic eddy activities, in which the upper-level low is dominated by the synoptic eddy dynamical feedback while the lower-level low is induced by the both feedbacks. The role of the midlatitude transient eddy activities in shaping the EASM structure proposed in this study provides a new perspective for understanding the formation and variation of EASM.
Co-Occurring Medical Conditions in Children with Down Syndrome and Autism: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Spinazzi Noemi A , Santoro Jonathan D. , Pawlowski Katherine , Anzueto Gabriel , Howe Yamini J. , Patel Lina R. , Baumer Nicole T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is common in persons with DS with rates reported as high as 39%. However, little is known regarding risk factors for the development of ASD in persons with DS.
Methods: A single-center retrospective review of prospective longitudinally collected clinical data was performed. Any patient with a confirmed diagnosis of DS evaluated at a large, specialized Down Syndrome Program in a tertiary pediatric medical center between March 2018 - March 2022 was included. A standardized survey which included demographic and clinical questions was administered during each clinical evaluation.
Results: In total, 562 individuals with DS were included. The median age was 10 years (IQR: 6.18-13.92). Of this group, 72 (13%) had a co-occurring diagnosis of ASD (DS+ASD). Individuals with DS+ASD were more likely to be male (OR 2.23, CI 1.29-3.84) and had higher odds of a current or prior diagnosis of constipation (OR 2.19, CI 1.31-3.65), gastroesophageal reflux (OR 1.91, CI 1.14-3.21), behavioral feeding difficulties (OR 2.71, CI 1.02-7.19), infantile spasms (OR 6.03, CI 1.79-20.34) and scoliosis (OR 2.73, CI 1.16-6.40). There were lower odds of congenital heart disease in the DS+ASD group (OR 0.56, CI 0.34-0.93). There was no observed difference in prematurity or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit complications between groups. Individuals with DS+ASD had similar odds of having a history of congenital heart defect requiring surgery to those with DS only. Furthermore, there was no difference in rates of autoimmune thyroiditis or celiac disease. There was also no difference in rates of diagnosed co-occurring neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions in this cohort, including anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Conclusions: This study identifies a variety of medical conditions which are more frequent in children with DS+ASD than DS alone, providing important information for clinical management of these patients. Future research should investigate the role of some of these medical conditions in the development of ASD phenotypes, and whether there may be distinct genetic and metabolic contributions towards these conditions.
Trial registration: n/a
Elemental Characterization of Medicinal Plants of the Sundarban: Health risk assessments and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Kabir Shaiful , Islam Mohammad Amirul , Hossen Mohammad Belal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates essential and toxic element contents in widely used three medicinal plants (Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia officinalis, and Xylocarpus mekongensis) of Sundarban mangrove ecosystem and the possible health-risks through the consumption of these plants. Total concentrations of 20 chemical elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mn, Na, Pb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, V, and Zn) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) techniques. The determined concentrations of the elements were compared with available WHO permissible limits which indicate that the average concentration of Zn in A. ilicifolius (41.2 ± 10.1 mg/kg) was higher than that of the maximum permissible WHO limit (27 mg/kg). The average concentrations of Cr in A. ilicifolius (3.35 ± 0.37 mg/kg) and in X. mekongens (4.02 ± 2.30 mg/kg) were also higher than that of the WHO maximum permissible limit (2 mg/kg). The average daily intake (ADI) of the chemical elements was below the recommended daily allowance (RDA) values. Moreover, target hazard quotient (THQ) values were within the permissible limit (THQ < 1). However, the measured target carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of Cr for A. ilicifolius and X. mekongens were higher than the permissible limit (1.0 × 10− 4). The elemental transfer factors for the medicinal plants were determined and multivariate statistical analyses were used to clarify the elemental correlations in the plants. Therefore, this study will give valuable information to the public about the elemental contents and health risks due to consumption of the medicinal plants.
an Online Topic Diffusion Prediction Approach on Heterogeneous Social Networks
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Li Linfeng , Li Xiaowan , Wang Yichuan , Damasevicius Robertas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Online Topic indicates the diffusing process of various attitudes and emotions towards some events expressing and propagating over the Internet. It is an essential for monitoring all online information and ensuring internet information safety to search for the predicting approach of the trend of online topic. Previous methods focus on special social network and lack of versatility because of intensely relying on manual experience, that we are devoted to conquering these shortages. In the manuscript, we divide online topic into unimodal topic and multimodal topic, and multimodal topic is the combination of a series of unimodal topics. We present a generally nonlinear dynamic model to give a description of unimodal online topic diffusion mechanism on heterogeneous social network. The model can capture the long-term development tendency of unimodal topic, So, we present a long-term tendency prediction method of unimodal online topic with help of the dynamic model.But the model is not for multimodal online topic in that their long-term development tendency is made up of a series of unimodal topics’ long-term development tendency, which leads to the unpredictability of their long-term future directions, we propose a short-term population prediction method of unimodal and multimodal online topic diffusion on heterogeneous social network based on the essential relationship between unimodal and multimodal topic. Experimental results are our two methods have good performance on predicting the long-term development tendency of unimodal topic and all topic’s short-term population.
Overcoming the Monster! Perceptions of physiotherapy students regarding the use of stroke master plots for building therapeutic relationships; a mixed methods survey.
Authors: Alawafi Rana , Rosewilliam Sheeba , Soundy Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Research is needed that considers student health care professional (HCP) reactions to different stories of illness. Master plots identify illness stories which are recognisable within particular settings. One master plot for people with stroke that has not been well studied is called ‘overcoming the monster’. Students reactions to such a plot are important as a way to enhance therapeutic interactions.
Objective
To examine the responses of physiotherapy students to three variations of master plot called ‘overcoming the monster’ generated from patients who have had a stroke.
Methods
A qualitative narrative vignette study was undertaken. A university in the West Midlands was used to access physiotherapy students on the pre-registration programs. A purposive sample of students volunteered to complete a single vignette questionnaire at one time point. The vignette provided three unique examples of the master plot overcoming the monster as told by people with stroke. Students responded to each by asking specific questions that captured demographic information and questions that captured reactions to the different versions of the master plot. Categorical content-analysis was undertaken.
Results
Thirty-two first year (BSc) students, thirty-nine first year (pre-registration) MSc students and nineteen third year (BSc) students participated in this study. Neither first year groups had undertaken any clinical training. All third-year students had finished the required clinical placement hours for the physiotherapy course. Students consistently demonstrated empathy towards this master plot. Students often valued the variant of the story which illustrated how difficulties following stroke could be experienced as an ‘adventure’. Students also valued and were motivated by the story variant that considered a family member as a source of motivation and encouragement. The story variant which focused on the shortcomings of the health care system was more often related to by the final year BSc students and MSc students. However, first year students, particularly BSc students, reported being more emotionally affected by the vignette.
Conclusion
Overcoming the monster is a master plot which appears to generate more empathetic responses compared to other master plots. This is important because it highlights the value of students understanding the patients’ story and challenges or ‘monsters’ faced. Therapeutic relationships will benefit from training HCP students on the importance of listening, exploring and reflecting on the different master plots they may hear in practice.
Estimating sewage flow rate in Jefferson County, Kentucky, using machine learning for wastewater-based epidemiology applications
Authors: Kanneganti Dhiraj , Reinersman Lauren E. , Holm Rochelle H. , Smith Ted 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Direct measurement of the flow rate in sanitary sewer lines is not always feasible and is an important parameter for the normalization of data used in wastewater-based epidemiology applications. Machine learning to estimate past wastewater influent flow rates supporting public health applications has not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess wastewater treatment plant influent flow rates when compared with weather data and to retrospectively estimate flow rates in Louisville, Kentucky (USA), based on other data-types using machine learning. A random forest model was trained using a range of variables, such as feces-related indicators, weather data that could be associated with dilution in sewage systems, and area demographics. The developed algorithm successfully estimated the flow rate with an accuracy of 91.7%, although it did not perform as well with short-term (one-day) high flow rates. This study suggests that using variables such as precipitation (mm/day) and population size are more important for wastewater flow estimation. The fecal indicator concentration (cross-assembly phage and pepper mild mottle virus) was less important. Our study challenges currently accepted opinions by showing the important public health potential application of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment plant flow rate estimation for wastewater-based epidemiological applications.
A Comprehensive Insight on Pharmaceutical Co-crystals for Improvement
of Aqueous Solubility
Authors: Nanda Arun , Malik Jyoti , Khatkar Anurag 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Various drugs are not able to reach the market due to their poor bioavailability and poor solubility in aqueous media. Hence, several approaches are used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Co-crystallization is one of the approaches used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Co-crystals are solid crystalline substances consisting of two or more ingredients in a stoichiometric ratio in which one of the ingredients is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the other is a co-former. API and co-former mix with one another in a co-crystal through intermolecular interactions. This review represents an overview of co-crystals, a comparison of co-crystals and other solid forms, mechanisms of solubility enhancement by co-crystals in brief, techniques of co-former selection, a list of co-formers used during various co-crystals formation and a list of marketed co-crystals formulation, method of co-crystals preparation and characterization techniques of co-crystals.
Promises of Molecular Pharmaceutics in the Development of Novel Drug
Delivery Formulations
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Chaudhary Benu , Jain Vivek , Baboota Sanjula , Shivanandy Palanisamy , Alharbi Khalid Saad , Ghoneim Mohammed M , Alshehri Sultan , Imam Syed Sarim , Gupta Gaurav , Gupta Madan Mohan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Molecular pharmaceutics play a critical role in the drug delivery system, representing the
direct interconnection of drug bioavailability with its molecular form. There is a diversity in the molecular
structures by which it affects its properties, such as amorphous form, crystalline form, partialamorphous
molecular dispersion, and disordered state. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and
the excipients utilized in the formulation process contain various divergent modes used in the formulation
process. They include better formulations of any type to obtain good quality pharmaceutical products.
This review reveals how the molecular states affect the API and are important in maintaining the
quality of dosage forms. Furthermore, the physio-chemical properties of the components and various
pharmaceutical approaches employed in the formulation of dosage forms are studied from the point of
view of molecular pharmaceutics.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Al Ayed Mousab Yousef , Ababneh Mutasem , Robert Asirvatham Alwin , Al-Musalum Maha , Sabrery Daniyah , Amer Maysa , Al Saeed Abdulghani , Al Dawish Mohamed Abdulaziz 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims:
Neuropathy is the most prevalent among diabetes-related microvascular
complications, of which distal symmetric polyneuropathy is very extensive. This study
aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) among
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This study included 238 patients with T2D, between 18 and 80 years of age. Using a
structured questionnaire, data on the sociodemographic characters of the study group and laboratory
tests were collected. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes was
identified using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI).

Results:
In this cohort, 66 patients (27.7%) had positive MNSI questionnaire scores (≥ 7) and 90
(37.8%) patients had positive examination scores (≥ 2.5). From the patient's perception, patients on
oral plus insulin treatment exhibited a higher risk for DPN (OR 2.95; p = 0.018) than those who
received only oral treatment and an ulcer in an earlier period exhibited a higher risk for DPN (OR:
3.25; p = 0.005). From the health professionals’ perception, more females than males showed a
high risk for DPN (OR: 3.92; p = 0004). Likewise, compared to the patients in the age group of
<50 years, those in the age group of ≥50 years revealed a high risk for DPN (OR 6.30; p = 0.009).
Further, patients on oral and insulin treatments were at greater risk for DPN (OR: 3.71; p = 0.024);
patients experiencing complications like prior ulcers, and high-density lipoprotein also exhibited
higher risk than the patients who lacked them.

Conclusion:
Diabetes neuropathy is one of the most common complications of microangiopathy
experienced by patients with T2D in Saudi Arabia. The risks for DPN among patients with T2D
can be reduced with the implementation of focused and evidence-based interventions.
Carbon Nanodots/Cajuput Oil Composites for Potential Antibacterial
Applications
Authors: Ariswan Ariswan , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Warsono Warsono , Fauzi Fika , Nurita Pebriana Irvany , Suparno Suparno , Sari Emi Kurnia , Al Ashfiya Bian Itsna Ashfa , Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams 
Published: November 2022

Background:
We reported for the first time the preparation of carbon nanodots/cajuput oil (C-dots/CJO) composites for potential antibacterial applications.

Method:
The C-dots were synthesized from CJO distillation wastes via the low carbonization
method. Then, the C-dots were mixed with CJO to obtain C-dots/CJO composites. The characteristics of the C-dots were determined using UV-Vis, PL, TRPL, FTIR, and HRTEM, whereas
the C-dots/CJO composites were characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR.

Result:
Antibacterial properties were investigated for samples of C-dots, CJO, and C-dots/CJO
with no-light, white light, and UV/violet light treatments. The C-dots produced cyan luminescence with a decay lifetime of 6.54 ns. Based on the antibacterial tests, the C-dots/CJO composites have DIZ higher than the pure C-dots

Conclusion:
The C-dots/CJO composites reached the highest DIZ of 3.6 nm under white light,
which was attributed to the photodynamic effect and photodisinfection of the C-dots and CJO,
respectively. Hence, the C-dots/CJO composites can be potential antibacterial agents against E.
coli bacteria