bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neural Representations of Emotional Experiences Are More Similar Than Those of Neutral Experiences
Authors: Riberto Martina , Paz Rony , Pobric Gorana , Talmi Deborah 
Published: February 2022

Stimuli that evoke the same feelings can nevertheless look different and have different semantic meanings. Although we know much about the neural representation of emotion, the neural underpinnings of emotional similarity are unknown. One possibility is that the same brain regions represent similarity between emotional and neutral stimuli, perhaps with different strengths. Alternatively, emotional similarity could be coded in separate regions, possibly those sensitive to emotional valence and arousal. In behavior, the extent to which people consider similarity along emotional dimensions when they evaluate the overall similarity between stimuli has never been investigated. Although the emotional features of stimuli may dominate explicit ratings of similarity, it is also possible that people neglect emotional dimensions as irrelevant to that judgment. We contrasted these hypotheses in (male and female) healthy controls using two measures of similarity and two picture databases of complex negative and neutral scenes, the second of which provided exquisite control over semantic and visual attributes. The similarity between emotional stimuli was greater than between neutral stimuli in the inferior temporal cortex, the fusiform face area, and the precuneus. Additionally, only the similarity between emotional stimuli was significantly represented in early visual cortex, anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Intriguingly, despite the stronger neural similarity between emotional stimuli, the same participants did not rate them as more similar to each other than neutral stimuli. These results contribute to our understanding of how emotion is represented within a general conceptual workspace and of the overgeneralization bias in anxiety disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe tested differences in similarity between emotional and neutral scenes. Arousal and negative valence did not increase similarity ratings. When conditions were equated on semantic similarity, participants rated emotional stimuli as similar to each other as neutral ones. Despite this equivalence, the similarity among the neural representations of emotional compared with neutral stimuli was higher in regions, which also expressed similarity between neutral stimuli and in unique regions. We report a striking difference between behavioral and neural similarity; strong neural similarity between emotional pictures did not influence similarity judgements in the same participants in the behavioral rating task after the scan. These findings may have an impact on research about the neural representations of emotional categories and the overgeneralization bias in anxiety disorders.
Association of Psychiatric Comorbidities With Treatment and Outcomes in Pediatric Migraines
Authors: Kafle Maheshwor , Mirea Lucia , Gage Sandra 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Migraine headache is a common disorder in pediatrics, sometimes leading to hospital admission. Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in adults with migraine headache, but there is limited evidence in the pediatric population. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in children hospitalized for migraine headache and assess the association of this comorbid state on treatment interventions and outcomes.

METHODS
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study examined data from the Pediatric Health Information System. Subjects included patients aged 6 to 18 hospitalized for migraine headache between 2010 and 2018, excluding those with complex chronic conditions. Associations of psychiatric comorbidity with treatments, length of stay (LOS), cost, and 30-day readmissions were assessed using the Fisher-exact, Wilcoxon-rank-sum test, and adjusted linear or logistic regression models.

RESULTS
The total 21 436 subjects included 6796 (32%) with psychiatric comorbidity, with prevalence highest for anxiety (2415; 11.2%), depression (1433; 6.7%), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1411; 6.5%). Patients with psychiatric comorbidity were significantly more likely (P &lt; .001) to receive dihydroergotamine (61% vs 54%), topiramate (23% vs 18%), and valproate (38% vs 34%), and have longer mean LOS (2.6 vs 2.0 days), higher average costs ($8749 vs $7040), and higher 30-day readmission (21% vs 17%).

CONCLUSIONS
Of children hospitalized for migraine headache, 32% have comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with increased use of medications, longer LOS, and increased cost of hospitalization and readmission. Prospective studies are recommended to identify optimal multidisciplinary care models for children with migraine headaches and psychiatric comorbidities in the inpatient setting.
Perinatal Opioid Use Disorder Research, Race, and Racism: A Scoping Review
Authors: Schiff Davida M. , Work Erin C. , Foley Bridget , Applewhite Rachel , Diop Hafsatou , Goullaud Latisha , Gupta Munish , Hoeppner Bettina B. , Peacock-Chambers Elizabeth , Vilsaint Corrie L. , Bernstein Judith A. , Bryant Allison S. 
Published: February 2022

CONTEXT
Racial/ethnic inequities are well documented in both maternal-infant health and substance use disorder treatment outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically review research on maternal-infant dyads affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) to evaluate for racial/ethnic disparities in health utilization or outcomes and critically assess the reporting and inclusion of race/ethnicity data.

DATA SOURCES
Peer-reviewed literature in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2020.

STUDY SELECTION
Research reporting health utilization and outcomes data on dyads affected by OUD during pregnancy through the infant’s first birthday.

DATA EXTRACTION
We extracted data on race/ethnicity, study exposures/outcomes, how race/ethnicity data were analyzed, how authors discussed findings associated with race/ethnicity, and whether racism was mentioned as an explanation for findings.

RESULTS
Of 2023 articles reviewed, 152 quantitative and 17 qualitative studies were included. Among quantitative studies, 66% examined infant outcomes (n = 101). Three articles explicitly focused on evaluating racial/ethnic differences among dyads. Among quantitative studies, 112 mentioned race/ethnicity, 63 performed analyses assessing for differences between exposure groups, 27 identified racial/ethnic differences, 22 adjusted outcomes for race/ethnicity in multivariable analyses, and 11 presented adjusted models stratified by race/ethnicity. None of the qualitative studies addressed the role that race, ethnicity, or racism may have had on the presented themes.

CONCLUSIONS
Few studies were designed to evaluate racial/ethnic inequities among maternal-infant dyads affected by OUD. Data on race/ethnicity have been poorly reported in this literature. To achieve health equity across perinatal OUD, researchers should prioritize the inclusion of marginalized groups to better address the role that structural racism plays.
DiffMap: A new free computer program to process scanned electron diffraction patterns
Authors: Lábár János L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA free computer program, called DiffMap, is presented for off-line evaluation of both phase maps and orientation maps from a large number of diffraction patterns recorded with a nearly parallel nano-beam scanned line-by-line over a rectangular area in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The program runs in the Windows operating system on IBM PC compatible computers. The patterns, which are recorded independently from this program by a CCD or CMOS camera or by a pixelated camera are in Tif format, serve as input to DiffMap. Many STEMs can collect such a four-dimensional electron diffraction (4D-ED) data sets by proper selection of microscope parameters, even if this fact is not over-emphasized in the operating manuals. These phase and orientation maps can complement usual compositional maps collected in the same STEM with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDS) to give a complete description of the crystalline phases. Application is exemplified on the (fcc, hcp and bcc) phases in a sample with 4 major components (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni).
Ultrathin collagen type I films formed at the air-water interface
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Liu Yue , Machatschek Rainhard , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCollagen-based biomaterials with oriented fibrils have shown great application potential in medicine. However, it is still challenging to control the type I collagen fibrillogenesis in ultrathin films. Here, we report an approach to produce cohesive and well-organized type I collagen ultrathin films of about 10 nm thickness using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Ellipsometry, rheology, and Brewster angle microscopy are applied to investigate in situ how the molecules behave at the air-water interface, both at room temperature and 37 °C. The interfacial storage modulus observed at room temperature vanishes upon heating, indicating the existence and disappearance of the network structure in the protein nanosheet. The films were spanning over holes as large as 1 mm diameter when transferred at room temperature, proving the strong cohesive interactions. A highly aligned and fibrillar structure was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy.
Graphical abstract
Method for determining the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity coefficient by temperatures of plate surface as a semi-bounded body
Authors: Sokolov A. K. 
Published: February 2022

The studied numerical and analytical model of a semi-bounded body is used to simultaneously determine the thermophysical characteristics (TFC): thermal diffusivity at and thermal conductivity coefficient λt of the material which make it easy to determine the volumetric heat capacity сt . Temperature distribution over the plate cross-section at the end of the calculated time interval τ is described by a power function, its exponent n depends on the Fourier number Fo. The values of TFC were calculated from the dynamics of changes in surface temperatures T(xp = Rp , τ) and T(xp = 0, τ) of the plate with a thickness Rp heated under boundary conditions of the second kind q = const. The temperature T(xp = 0, τ) was used to determine the time moment τe , at which the temperature perturbation reached the adiabatic surface xp = 0 (T(Rp , τe ) – Tb (0, τe = 0) = 0.1 K). Calculations of TFC (at and λt ) were performed using formulas whose parameters were found by solving a nonlinear system of three algebraic equations by selecting the Fourier number corresponding to τe . The author studied the complexity and accuracy of TFC calculation using the test (initial) temperature fields of a plate made of refractory material by the finite difference method. Dependences of TFC on the temperature ai (T ), λi (T ) and ci (T ) were set by polynomials. Temperatures of the plate with a thickness of Rp = 0.04 m with initial conditions Tb = T(xp , τ = 0) = 300, 900, 1200, 1800 K (0 ≤ xp ≤ Rp ) were calculated for a specific heat flow q = 5000 W/m2. The heating time to τe was 105 – 150 s. The average mass temperature Tm, pl of the plate during the τe increased by 5 – 11 K. The TFC values were restored by solving the inverse thermal diffusivity problem for 10 time points τi + 1 = τi + Δτ. The arithmetic mean deviations of TFC (Tm, pl ) from the initial values for calculations at Tb = 300, 900, 1200, 1800 K were less than 2.5 %. It was established that the values of at and λt obtained for the time moments ti are practically constant, therefore, a simplified calculation of at, o and λt, o is possible only from the values of temperatures T(Rp , τe ) and T(0, τe ) at the end of heating. The values of at, o and λt, o , which were calculated immediately for the entire heating time, differed from the initial values of the accepted heat exchange conditions by about 2 %. The parameters of simple algebraic formulas for calculating at, o and λt, o were found by solving a system of three nonlinear equations n = n( Fo), at, o = a(Tb , T(Rp , τe ), Rp , n, τe ), Fo = Fo(at, o , Rp , τe ) and expressions for λt, o = λ(Rp , q, n, Tb , T(Rp , τe )). The proposed method significantly simplifies the solution of the inverse problem of thermal conductivity.
Treatment of pediatric COVID on outpatient basis
Authors: Weling Rajaram M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread, becoming the first pandemic of the 21st century by number of deaths (over 3.8 million deaths worldwide) and still increasing. Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents remain unclear, and optimal treatment has not yet been defined.Methods: This is a collective descriptive study with analytical wing; on 756 children who were COVID-19 positive; at Ameya well baby clinic at Ameya orthopaedic centre and children hospital, Borivali West, Mumbai, India from December 2019 up to December 2021. In our study 756 children from birth to fifteen years who were symptomatic for COVID-19 and the diagnosis was confirmed by COVID RTPCR positive test, were treated with our standard protocol which included nebulization, bronchodilators and antibiotics on outpatient basis, with home quarantine and follow up done by teleconsultation. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS software version 11. Proportions were compared using Chi square (χ2) test of significance, categorical variables were assessed using χ2. In all the above the p value of less than 0.05 was accepted as indicating statistical significance.Results: In the study the covid affected children were treated with our protocol improved (p value less than 0.05).Conclusions: The findings of this study clearly establish the role of our protocol in treating COVID affected children on out-patient basis in the current COVID scenario prevailing in our country.
Efficacy of anatomical landmark guided suprascapular nerve block in arthroscopic shoulder surgeries for post-operative pain management
Authors: Mittimanj Kavya , Shenoy Manjula , Giri Pramod 
Published: February 2022

: Minimally invasive arthroscopic shoulder surgery is the treatment of choice for conditions such as rotator cuff injury, arthritis, and tendonitis. The incidence of severe postoperative pain in shoulder arthroscopies is as high as 45%. The aim of this study was to compare post-operative pain management in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgeries with and without anatomical landmark guided suprascapular nerve block.: A Retrospective observational study, data of 44 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Out of the 44 patients, 22 patients had received blind suprascapular nerve block and the other 22 patients didn’t receive block. Pain scores (NRS), rescue analgesia for breakthrough pain, and the total fentanyl consumption were recorded for both the groups.: The NRS value between GA+SSNB and GA only groups was statistically significant in immediate (0 hour) postoperative period only (p=0.048). There was no significant difference between the two groups at 1, 4, 8 and 12 hours. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of amount of fentanyl consumption over 12 hours (p=0.916) and number of demand doses of fentanyl (p=0.605): Although the pain relief was better in the immediate postoperative period in patients who received SSNB, there was no difference in the pain over the first 24 hrs of the surgery. Post-operative fentanyl consumption was same in both the groups. We conclude that blind SSNB does not offer additional advantage in terms of pain relief in arthroscopic shoulder surgeries.
A comparative clinical study of ramosetron and ramosetron with dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Mathew Abbey , Thomas Anish Mathew , Anand S  
Published: February 2022

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) along with pain and shivering are frequently observed in patients recovering from surgery and general anesthesia. To compare the efficacy of Ramosetron alone and in Combination with Dexamethasone in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries, with respect to nausea, vomiting , requirement of rescue analgesia and antiemetics, discharge time, and also side effects.Current study was a prospective observational double-blind study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 60 ASA grade I and II patients of age group 20-50 years undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia with Body mass index between 18-25 were included in the study. Participants were divided by using a computer-generated random number table into two groups of 30 each with Group R and Group RD each consisting of 30 patients. Group R received 0.3 mg. of Ramosetron intravenous (IV) and group RD received both 0.3mg. P value &#60; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. coGuide version V.1.0.3 was used for statistical analysis.The mean duration of surgery in group R was 35.83 ± 6.44 minutes and 35.66 ± 6.26 minutes in group RD. The difference in the proportion of PONV scores between the study group was statistically not significant (P value 0.982). The rescue antiemetic was used in 5 (16.67%) patients in group R and in 2(6.67%) patients in group RD. Combination therapy of Ramosetron with dexamethasone had better efficacy than Ramosetron alone in reducing PONV on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.
Comparative study of bupivacaine-lignocaine to bupivacaine-lignocaine-dexamethasone in providing postoperative analgesia in interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopy
Authors: Rajappan Mili , Parveen S Isha 
Published: February 2022

Interscalene brachial plexus block has gained prominence nowadays and has benefits of lesser intraoperative anaesthetic use, lesser analgesic requirement and lesser incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Adjuvants are added to local anaesthetics for prolonging postoperative analgesia with interscalene block. Among the adjuvants, dexamethasone has been used extensively in past decade in neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. The aim of the study was to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia with lignocaine- bupivacaine combination and dexamethasone added to lignocaine - bupivacaine in interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopy. In this comparative study, 48 patients of ASA grade I and II were selected and divided into 2 groups of 24 each. After obtaining informed written consent, general anaesthesia was given to patients satisfying inclusion criteria and ultrasound guided interscalene block was performed. Time of demand for additional analgesic supplementation by the patient were noted. Hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring were done to assess any side effects and complications.Duration of analgesia was prolonged in group II (10.33±1.45 hours) i.e in lignocaine-bupivacaine-dexamethasone group than Group I(7.17±0.87 hours) i.e in lignocaine-bupivacaine group with p value less than 0.001. There were no significant differences between the two groups in secondary outcomesbased on hemodynamic parameters. Dexamethasone at a dose of 8 mg in addition to lignocaine-bupivacaine, given perineurally in interscalene block provided better quality of block and prolonged duration of analgesia by almost 3 hours, without any significant changes in hemodynamic parameters. There were no major adverse effects noted.
Frequency of Hepatitis E virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis
Authors: Sharma Shweta R , Singh Navdeep , Mishra Amit , Farooq Umar , Singh Sudhir , Sharma Vasundhara , Ahamad Imran 
Published: February 2022

Hepatitis E virus causes a self-limiting viral infection, transmitted by feco-oral route. HEV infection is major health problem worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing country.To determine the frequency of HEV infection in patient with acute hepatitis and describe the frequency of HEV in different sex and age groups. From January 2019 to December 2020, Serum samples from clinically suspected acute viral hepatitis cases were collected and sent to the department of microbiology maintaining precautions. These were processed for the detection of HEV- specific Immunoglobulin M antibodies carried out rapid card test which is based on immunochromatography.The seroprevalence of HEV (11.79%), HEV infection is slightly higher in female (52%) as compare to male (48%) and HEV infection was most commonly seen in adults (age group 21-30 years)The best means of reducing the spread of infection is by promoting simple measure of personal and community hygiene. However, these data will be useful for planning of future vaccination and for better sanitation. This study also helps the local organizations for maintaining the proper hygiene condition and supply purified water which can help to reduce the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus.
Efficacy of hand hygiene by use of different handwashing solutions and drying methods- Report from Western India
Authors: Bhatawadekar Sunita M , Gupta Nilakshi , Patil Karamchand , Lahiri Kunal K , Modak Meera S , Kumar Mahadevan 
Published: February 2022

To determine efficacy of different hand washing solutions and various drying methods. This is a prospective study carried out on health care workers at ICU, & Wards in the Tertiary care hospital, from western India for a period of 1 year 6 months. The study was approved by ethical committee of Medical College and Hospital. Two hand hygiene procedures were compared in this study. Handrubbing with alcohol based solution and handwashing with unmedicated soap. Fingertips of the HCW 120 HCWs were included in the study. The average reduction in the number of colony-forming units after handwashing was 80% for alcoholic solution and 43.16% for soap and water. The average reduction in the number of colony-forming units was 49.10 when hands were dried with paper towels as compared to 37.23 with cloth towels. CONS were the main bacteria colonising the hands of 60% of health care workers. Alcoholic hand rub is effective and should be followed as standard method for hand hygiene of HCWs in the hospital. It will help to reduce transmission of HAIs and to prevent the spread of antibiotic drug resistance.
A study on preterm births and neonatal outcomes during second wave of COVID-19
Authors: Velishetty Navya , Vellanki Janaki 
Published: February 2022

: Pregnant women were considered as high risk group for COVID-19 disease. Occurrence of SARS-Co V 2 infection during pregnancy increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm births but the evidence for the same is limited.: To study the preterm and very preterm births and their neonatal outcomes in mothers infected with COVID-19 during the second wave of pandemic. 1.To study the preterm and very preterm births in COVID-19 pregnant women during the second wave. 2. To determine whether any additional risk is conferred by maternal pre existing medical conditions including chronic and gestational hypertension, diabetes and obesity for neonatal adverse outcomes. All pregnant women infected with COVID-19 delivering before 37 weeks during the second wave were studied.Neonatal outcomes of the preterm and very preterm births were analyzed based on the birth weight, gestational age, APGAR score, NICU admissions and NICU deaths.All the findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics.: During this study, out of 500 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, 61.2% (306) women delivered preterm. Of all preterm births, low birth weight was seen in 213 cases (69.6%) & 92(30%) babies were admitted in NICU. Preterm births were observed to be increased during the second wave of COVID-19.: Pregnant women infected with SARS- Co V 2 are at increased risk for preterm and very preterm births & higher occurrence of NICU admissions were noted.