bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krisenbewältigung und interorganisationale Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Schütte Patricia M. , Schönefeld Malte , Schulte Yannic , Fiedrich Frank 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungEs ist mittlerweile eigentlich ein Allgemeinplatz, dass die Bewältigung schwieriger Lagen wie Katastrophen (z. B. Hochwasser, großflächige Brände, Erdbeben), aber auch komplexe Dauerlagen wie die Flüchtlingssituation 2015/2016 und die COVID-19-Pandemie die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Organisationen bedingt. Das Ineinandergreifen ihrer sich meist ergänzenden sowie unterstützenden Aufgaben und Kompetenzen ist notwendig, um solche Lagen möglichst umfassend anzugehen und zu managen. In Krisen- und Katastrophenmanagementansätzen sind organisationsübergreifende oder interorganisationale Zusammenarbeitsformen seit Langem ein fester Baustein.
Type IIB flux compactifications with h1,1 = 0
Authors: Bardzell Jacob , Gonzalo Eduardo , Rajaguru Muthusamy , Smith Danielle , Wrase Timm 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We revisit flux compactifications of type IIB string theory on ‘spaces’ dual to rigid Calabi-Yau manifolds. This rather unexplored part of the string landscapes harbors many interesting four-dimensional solutions, namely supersymmetric $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Minkowski vacua without flat direction and infinite families of AdS vacua, some potentially with unrestricted rank for the gauge group. We also comment on the existence of metastable dS solutions in this setup. We discuss how these solutions fit into the web of swampland conjectures.
Ant nests differentially affect soil chemistry across elevational gradients
Authors: Sankovitz M. , Purcell J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnts alter soil moisture and nutrient distributions during foraging and nest construction. Here, we investigated how the effects of ants on soil vary with elevation. We compared moisture, carbon, and nitrogen levels in soil samples taken both within nests and nearby the nests (control) of two subterranean ant species. Using a paired design, we sampled 17 sites along elevation gradients in two California mountain ranges (Formica francoeuriin the San Jacinto mountains andFormica sibyllain the Sierra Nevada). We observed an interaction between soil carbon and nitrogen composition and elevation in each mountain range. At lower elevations, nest soil had lower amounts of carbon and nitrogen than control soil, but at higher elevations, nest soil had higher amounts of carbon and nitrogen than control soil. However, our sampling method may only breach the interior of ant nests in some environments. The nest soil moisture did not show any elevational patterns in either mountain range. Ants likely modulate soil properties differently across environmental gradients, but testing this effect must account for variable nest architecture and other climate and landscape differences across diverse habitats.
Do municipal mergers internalise spatial spillover effects? empirical evidence from Japanese municipalities
Authors: Saito Hitoshi , Hirota Haruaki , Yunoue Hideo , Miyaki Miki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether municipal mergers could internalise spatial spillover effects by comparing mergers before and after they occur, focusing on local public library services in Japan. A spatial spillover effect occurs when the benefit of a local public service spreads across its own administrative district and into neighbouring ones. A free-rider problem among municipalities might arise when a municipality decides how much to supply internally under a decentralisation system, recognising the existence of spatial spillover effects. Under such circumstances, spatial spillover effects might be internalised through municipal mergers. In Japan, large-scale municipal mergers took place in FY2004 and FY2005 and the number of municipalities decreased from 3,232 to 1,820. By applying cross-sectional spatial econometrics models, we find spatial spillover effects in public library services both before and after the mergers, but the impact becomes smaller. The results imply that municipal mergers could partially internalise spatial spillover effects among municipalities. Additionally, we showed that municipal mergers increase the supply of library services. As a result, due to the merger of municipalities, the undersupply of local public goods with spatial spillover effect may be decreased, which could help achieve the socially optimal supply.
Prospective, single-centre evaluation of the safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary interventions following a decision tree proposing a no-stent strategy in stable patients with coronary artery disease (SCRAP study)
Authors: Meunier Ludovic , Godin Matthieu , Souteyrand Géraud , Mottin Benoît , Valy Yann , Lordet Vincent , Benoit Christian , Bakdi Ronan , Laurençon Virginie , Genereux Philippe , Waliszewski Matthias , Allix-Béguec Caroline 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim
We evaluated a decision algorithm for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) based on a no-stent strategy, corresponding to a combination of scoring balloon angioplasty (SCBA) and drug-coated balloon (DCB), as a first line approach. Stents were used only in unstable patients, or in case of mandatory bailout stenting (BO-stent).

Methods
From April 2019 to March 2020, 984 consecutive patients, including 1922 lesions, underwent PCI. The 12-month primary end-point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and target lesion revascularization. Patients were classified into conventional or no-stent strategy groups according to the PCI strategy. In the no-stent strategy group, they were further classified into BO-stent or DCB-only groups. Their metal index was calculated by stent length divided by the total lesion length.

Results
The no-stent strategy was applied in 85% of the patients, and it was successful for 65% of them. MACE occurred in 7.1% of the study population, including 4.2% of all-cause death. Target lesion revascularization was required in 1.4%, 3.6%, and 1.5% of patients in the conventional DES, BO-stent, and DCB-only groups, respectively. MACE occurred more often in the elderly and in those treated with at least one stent (metal index greater than 0).

Conclusions
The no-stent strategy, i.e., revascularization of coronary lesions by SCBA followed by DCB and with DES bailout stenting, was effective and safe at 1 year. This PCI approach was applicable on a daily practice in our cath lab.

Trial registration
This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03893396, first posted on March 28, 2019).

Graphical abstract
Feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary interventions following a decision tree proposing a no-stent strategy in stable patients with coronary artery disease. DES: drug eluting stent; SCBA: scoring balloon angioplasty; BO-stent: at least one stent; DCB: drug coated balloon; BMS: bare metal stent; Bailout (dash lines); MACE: major adverse cardiac event
Targeting NAD metabolism regulates extracellular adenosine levels to improve the cytotoxicity of CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Han-Yuan , Wang Fu-Hui , Liang Jian-Ming , Xiang Yuan-Yuan , Liu Shu-Hao , Zhang Shi-Wei , Zhu Cheng-Ming , He Yu-Long , Zhang Chang-Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is closely related to the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the effect of NAD+ metabolism of gastric cancer (GC) cells on immune cells remains unexplained. We targeted nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ synthesis salvage pathway, to observe its effect in the immune microenvironment.

Methods
NAMPT of GC cell lines was inhibited by using the small molecule inhibitor (FK866) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA). CCK-8 test and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to observe changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).The transfected GC cells (AGS) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were cocultured with activated PBMCs, followed by flow cytometric analysis (FCA) for cytokines and inhibitory marker. The level of NAD and ATP of GC cells (AGS & MKN45) was tested combined with NMN and CD39 inhibitor.

Results
Targeting NAD+ by FK866 obviously reduced MMP, which ultimately inhibited proliferation and increased the apoptosis of GC cells. NAMPT silencing reduced intracellular NAD and ATP，further decreased extracellular adenosine. Meawhile, the cytokines of CD8+T cells were significantly increased after cocultured with transfected AGS, and the expression of PD-1 was distinctly decreased. NMN reversed the effect of shNAMPT and enhanced the immunosuppression. Consistent results were obtained by coculturing PBMCs with PDOs.

Conclusion
Restraining the function of NAMPT resulted in the functional improvement of effector CD8+ T cells by decreasing extracellular adenosine levels and inducing apoptosis of GC cells simultaneously. Therefore, this study demonstrates that NAMPT can be an effective target for gastric cancer immunotherapy.
Reagent sequence for planar chromatographic analysis of eight sweeteners in food products approved in the European Union
Authors: Morlock Gertrud E. , Sabir Gulnar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSweeteners, which are regulated as food additives in the European Union, are used as tabletop sweeteners or added to foods for sweetening with the aim of reducing the calorie content. For their simple analysis, a quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography multi-imaging (HPTLC−UV/Vis/FLD) method was developed, which used a reagent sequence to detect eight important sweeteners in eight different food products. The samples were dissolved or diluted and separated on HPTLC plates silica gel 60 F254 with a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetic acid 5:1:1, V/V. Due to the different structures and detectabilities of the sweeteners, different post-chromatographic derivatization reagents were compared for multi-detection of the sweeteners on the same plate. First, the UV absorbance was detected, and then the derivatization reagent sequence was performed with the primuline reagent, then ninhydrin glacial acetic acid reagent, and finally 2-naphthol sulfuric acid reagent. It was important to arrange and use the reagents according to their increasing acidity. Zones of interest can be confirmed by mass spectrometry. Compared to the status quo analysis of sweeteners, the whole method is simple, robust, and rapid considering the minimalist sample preparation and reagent sequence applied on the same plate. In addition, the influence of food sample matrix on the results is easily understood due to the image-giving nature and multi-detection.
Biology, Bias, or Both? The Contribution of Sex and Gender to the Disparity in Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Women and Men
Authors: Gauci Sarah , Cartledge Susie , Redfern Julie , Gallagher Robyn , Huxley Rachel , Lee Crystal Man Ying , Vassallo Amy , O’Neil Adrienne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide for both men and women. However, CVD is understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in women. This bias has resulted in women being disproportionately affected by CVD when compared to men. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the contribution of sex and gender on CVD outcomes in men and women and offer recommendations for researchers and clinicians.

Recent Findings
Evidence demonstrates that there are sex differences (e.g., menopause and pregnancy complications) and gender differences (e.g., socialization of gender) that contribute to the inequality in risk, presentation, and treatment of CVD in women.

Summary
To start addressing the CVD issues that disproportionately impact women, it is essential that these sex and gender differences are addressed through educating health care professionals on gender bias; offering patient-centered care and programs tailored to women’s needs; and conducting inclusive health research.
Applying the UDA-ODA discrimination technique to a herpetological association: the case of the Middle Palaeolithic site of El Salt (Alcoi, Spain)
Authors: Marquina-Blasco Rafael , Fagoaga Ana , Crespo Vicente D. , Bailon Salvador , Mallol Carolina , Hernández Cristo M. , Galván Bertila , Blain Hugues-Alexandre , Ruiz-Sánchez Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEl Salt (Middle Palaeolithic; Alcoi, Spain) is a key site for understanding the disappearance of Neanderthals in the eastern Iberian Peninsula, a process that is observed along its stratigraphic sequence. To improve our understanding of the palaeoclimatic context in which this process took place, we applied the UDA-ODA discrimination technique to the fossil herpetological assemblages from Stratigraphic Units (SU) Xb (52.3 ± 4.6 ka) and V (45.2 ± 3.4/44.7 ± 3.4 ka). This method is based in the application of an ecological criterion, the maximum altitude of each species on each Iberian range, to discern and remove those areas that do not meet their ecological requirements (UDA) from those that do (ODA), which are included in its distribution from Atlases from which the common distribution species is going to be extracted. Results indicate the existence of an alternation between “cold and wet” moments with “warm and dry” ones, all of them in a more humid context than nowadays. Climate was slightly warmer than nowadays in SU Xb, whereas was cooler in SU V. Regarding MAP, our results show less variation between SUs than it has been provided by previous studies. These results do not fully agree with those provided by small mammals from the same SUs, which indicate an increase of the temperatures whereas rainfall experienced the contrary. These differences could be related with the wider distribution of the Iberian herpetofauna, and some differences in the applied ecological criterion. Furthermore, herpetofaunal palaeoclimatic reconstruction shows that the abandonment of the site by Neanderthals seems to have occurred during an arid phase.
Recycling of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Rearing Waste by Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens
Authors: Sayed Waheed A. A. , Alm-Eldin Magdy M. S. , Hassan Reda S. , Sileem Thanaa M. , Rumpold Birgit A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Objective of this study is the valorisation of mass rearing waste of fruit flies from sterile insect technique facilities by black soldier flies into high quality and quantity products as a sustainable utilisation concept.

Methods
Different ratios of medfly rearing waste in hen feed were used for rearing black solder fly (BSF) larvae. The growth rate and insect survival were determined. Moreover, the mass gains were determined and bioconversion rates were assessed. Furthermore, the nutritional compositions of BSF pupae were analysed to evaluate the product quality.

Results
The omnivorous BSF larvae were highly efficient at converting digested waste into body mass as compared to the control treatment (hen feed). High weight of pre-pupae was recorded for all experimental diets. The efficacy of larvae to reach pupae ranged from 92.5 to 98.5%, while the efficacy of pupae to reach adults ranged from 81.7 to 89.0%. All experimental diets exhibited high rates of prepupal weight, metabolism and efficiency of conversion of digested food. A nutritional analysis revealed that the protein and fat contents were high, while the bioaccumulation of heavy metals was low,

Conclusion
Medfly rearing waste is a potential feed ingredient for the production of BSF pre-pupae and could be applied to valorise this rearing waste into high-value feed.

Graphical Abstract
Microplastic pollution in sediments in the urban section of the Qara Su River, Iran
Authors: Ghanbari Nouraddin , Fataei Ebrahim , Naji Abolfazl , Imani Ali Akbar , Nasehi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroplastic pollution is an emerging threat to marine environments with potential environmental, social, economic, and health consequences and has become a major global environmental issue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate microplastic contamination in the ecosystem of the Qara Su River in Ardabil, Iran. Fifteen sampling sites along the Qara Su River in the Ardabil urban area were selected to collect sediment samples. The abundance and morphological characteristics of microplastics were determined by counting using a digital stereomicroscope. Micro-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) analysis was used to identify polymer type of the microplastics. In this study, the frequency and distribution of microplastics (< 5 mm) in the sediment of Qara Su River were investigated as one of the sources containing microplastics. Sediment samples were collected from five different sites (Karkarq, Sar band, Anzab Sulfa, Dolat abad, and Samian) from September to March 2020. For microplastic examination in sediment, the amount (approximately 1000 g of fresh sediment from each site) was sampled from 15 sites. Fiber microplastics (53%) and fragments (33%) microplastics were predominant. It has shown the abundance and heterogeneity of space. In this study, the highest amount of microplastics detected in sediment samples was related to the size of less than 5000 µm (92%). The frequency of microplastics below 5000 µm in sediment was attributed to the low capacity of existing processes in Ardabil wastewater treatment plant. The abundance of microplastics shows significant differences between sampling sites. The Qara Su River along the city of Ardabil, like many other rivers, is contaminated with microplastics. This study was the first study conducted for evaluation of the sediment environment in terms of the microplastic pollution of Qara Su River in Ardabil. Considering the amount of microplastics in sediments, further research is required to estimate the amount of microplastics released by Ardabil wastewater treatment plants and industrial town wastewater, and other possible sources of emission and to evaluate their contribution to microplastic pollution in water, sediment, and soil. This study provided a framework for future studies of microplastics pollution in the sediment of urban areas around the Qara Su River in Iran.
Nanoscale optical parametric amplification through super-nonlinearity induction
Authors: Aşırım Özüm Emre , Kuzuoğlu Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical parametric amplification (OPA) is a nonlinear process through which a low-power input wave is amplified by extracting energy from an interaction medium that is energized by a high-intensity pump wave. For a significant amplification of an input wave, a sufficiently long interaction medium is required, which is usually on the order of a few centimeters. Therefore, in the small scale, OPA is considered unfeasible, and this prevents it from being employed in micro and nanoscale devices. There have been recent studies that proposed microscale OPA through the use of micro-resonators. However, there is currently no study that has suggested high-gain nanoscale OPA, which could be quite useful for implementing nanoscale optical devices. This study aims to show that nanoscale OPA is feasible through the concurrent maximization of the pump wave induced electric energy density and the polarization density (nonlinear coupling strength) within the interaction medium, which enables a very high amount of energy to be transferred to the input wave that is sufficient to amplify the input wave with a gain factor that is comparable to those provided by centimeter scale nonlinear crystals. The computational results of our OPA model match with the experimental ones in the context of sum-harmonic generation, which is the wave-mixing process that gives rise to OPA, with an accuracy of 97.6%. The study aims to make room for further investigation of nanoscale OPA through adaptive optics and/or nonlinear programming algorithms for the enhancement of the process.
Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children
Authors: Mogren Å. , Havner C. , Westerlund A. , Sjögreen L. , Agholme M. Barr , Mcallister A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence, types and severity of malocclusions in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting after 6 years of age, and to compare these findings to a control group of children with typical speech development (TSD).

Methods
In total, 105 children were included: 61 with SSD and motor speech involvement (mean age 8:5 ± 2:8 years; range 6:0–16:7 years, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with TSD (mean age 8:8 ± 1:6; range 6:0–12:2 years, 19 girls and 25 boys). Extra-oral and intra-oral examinations were performed by an orthodontist. The severity of malocclusion was scored using the IOTN-DHC Index.

Results
There were differences between the SSD and TSD groups with regard to the prevalence, type, and severity of malocclusions; 61% of the children in the SSD group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the TSD group. In addition, the malocclusions in the SSD group were rated as more severe. Functional posterior crossbite and habitual lateral and/or anterior shift appeared more frequently in the SSD group. Class III malocclusion, anterior open bite and scissors bite were found only in the SSD group.

Conclusion
Children with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.