bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐related lncRNA signature delineates an immune‐excluded subtype of liver cancer with unfavorable clinical outcomes
Authors: Chen Yawei , Xi Leying , Wei Lihui , Sun Debin , Zeng Tianmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in immune regulation and, therefore, may be closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, there are few studies regarding the relationship between the lncRNAs and the TME in liver cancer.MethodsFirstly, we constructed a lncRNA signature based on the top 10 immune‐inversely related lncRNAs obtained from the ImmLnc database and performed disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses for the patients included in the Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA‐LIHC) stratified by the lncRNA signature. Then, we explored the relationship between the lncRNA signature with distinct mutation profiles and the tumor microenvironment (TME).ResultsThe lncRNA signature was successfully constructed and verified by survival analysis. The high lncRNA signature was correlated with a decreased DFS and OS in liver cancer and other two gastrointestinal cancers. The mutation profiles showed that the Lnc_high group had a higher number of mutations on many genes, mostly enriched in p53 and WNT pathways. The TME results showed that the Lnc_high group had the highest proportion (51%) of lymphocyte depletion‐characterized immune subtype, and a higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as LAG3, PD‐L1, CTLA4. On the contrary, in the Lnc_low group, infiltrating immune‐cell proportions were significantly higher, and a significant enhancement of four axes of the cancer immunity cycle immunogram was observed in this group.ConclusionsThe lncRNA signature we constructed identified an immune‐excluded subtype of liver cancer with unfavorable clinic outcomes, which could be tested as a biomarker for immunotherapy in the future.
Nestin and NG2 transgenes reveal two populations of perivascular cells stimulated by photobiomodulation
Authors: Gomes Natália A. , do Valle Isabella B. , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Silva Tarcília A. , Oliveira Hortência M. de Castro , de Oliveira Rafaela F. , Ferreira Luiza de Almeida Q. , Castilho Lia S. , Reis Paulo H. R. G. , Prazeres Pedro H. D. M. , Menezes Gustavo B. , de Magalhães Cláudia S. , Mesquita Ricardo A. , Marques Márcia M. , Birbrair Alexander , Diniz Ivana M. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPericytes and glial cells are known to collaborate in dental pulp tissue repair. Cell‐based therapies that stimulate these stromal components may be of therapeutic relevance for partially vital dental pulp conditions. This study aimed to examine the early effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) in pericytes from experimentally injured pulp tissue. To accomplish this, we used the Nestin‐GFP/NG2‐DsRed mice, which could allow the identification of distinct pericyte phenotypes. We discovered the presence of two pericytes subsets within the dental pulp, the Nestin +NG2+ (type‐2) and Nestin−NG2+ (type‐1). Upon injury, PBM treatment led to a significant increase in Nestin+ cells and pericytes. This boost was mainly conferred by the more committed pericyte subset (NestinNG2+). PBM also stimulated terminal blood vessels sprouting adjacent to the injury site while maintaining signs of pulp vitality. In vitro, PBM induced VEGF upregulation, improved dental pulp cells proliferation and migration, and favored their mineralization potential. Herein, different subsets of perivascular cells were unveiled in the pulp tissue. PBM enhanced not only NG2+ cells but nestin‐expressing progenitors in the injured dental pulp.
Diversity training experiences and factors associated with implicit racial bias among recent genetic counselor graduates of accredited programs in the United States and Canada
Authors: Pollock Bethany , Wetherill Leah , Delk Paula , Wesson Melissa , Rucker Sydney , Goodman Zachary , Remeika William , Ivanovich Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImplicit racial bias in healthcare settings can impact delivery of patient care. Exploration of this bias is necessary to improve patient experiences. We sought to understand implicit racial bias among graduates of accredited genetic counseling programs in the United States and Canada in the class of 2020 as they enter the genetics workforce and assess how this bias is associated with training and life experiences. Implicit racial bias was quantified through use of the Black–White Implicit Association Test (BW‐IAT). Participants also completed an online survey focused on didactic and clinical training and personal experiences with diverse populations. Participants (n = 100) were majority White (88%), and 44% demonstrated an implicit bias favoring White individuals. Respondents reported a lack of interaction with Black healthcare professionals during their training. A concerning proportion (38%) reported experiencing or witnessing racial insensitivity perpetrated by genetic counselors or physicians in supervisory roles. Graduates reported diversity coursework as significantly less effective overall than other general genetic counseling coursework. This study reveals prevalence of implicit racial bias among genetic counselor graduates, lack of exposure to diverse populations within and outside of graduate training, and concerns regarding racial insensitivity and effectiveness of didactic and clinical genetic counseling training. Employers and program directors should implement revisions to ongoing training and graduate curriculum with consideration of these findings.
Neutrophil subsets and their differential roles in viral respiratory diseases
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Wang Quanbo , Mackay Charles R , Ng Lai Guan , Kwok Immanuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeutrophils play significant roles in immune homeostasis and as neutralizers of microbial infections. Recent evidence further suggests heterogeneity of neutrophil developmental and activation states that exert specialized effector functions during inflammatory disease conditions. Neutrophils can play multiple roles during viral infections, secreting inflammatory mediators and cytokines that contribute significantly to host defense and pathogenicity. However, their roles in viral immunity are not well understood. In this review, we present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and its impact on the course and severity of viral respiratory infectious diseases. We focus on the evidence demonstrating the crucial roles neutrophils play in the immune response toward respiratory infections, using influenza as a model. We further extend the understanding of neutrophil function with the studies pertaining to COVID-19 disease and its neutrophil-associated pathologies. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these results for future therapeutic options through targeting and regulating neutrophil-specific responses.
Elaboration of Multiparametric MRI‐Based Radiomics Signature for the Preoperative Quantitative Identification of the Histological Grade in Patients With Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Xing , Bai Guoyan , Wang Hong , Guo Fan , Yin Hong 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe histological grading plays an essential role in the treatment decision of lung cancer. Detected tumors are usually biopsied to confirm histologic grade. How to use MRI extracted radiomics features for accurately grading lung cancer is still challenging.PurposeTo examine the diagnostic utility of multiparametric MRI radiomics and clinical factors for grading non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 148 patients (25.7% female) with postoperative pathologically confirmed NSCLC and divided into the training cohort (N = 110) and the validation cohort (N = 38).Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T; single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (TSE), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), and integrated shimming‐echo planar imaging (ISHIM‐EPI) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).AssessmentA total of 2775 radiomics features were extracted from carcinomatous regions of interest on T2WI, DWI, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. The five optimal features were selected by using the Student' s t‐test, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise regression. The Radscore combined with clinical factors, which selected by univariate and multivariate analyses, to develop a radiomics‐clinical nomogram. Its performance was evaluated in the training cohort and the validation cohort. The potential clinical usefulness was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, univariate analyses, multivariate analyses, LASSO, ROC, AUC, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFavorable discrimination performance was obtained for five optimal features (out of the 2775 features), using the training cohorts (AUC 0.761) and validation cohorts (AUC 0.753). In addition, the radiomics‐clinical nomogram significantly improved the ability to identify histological grades in the training cohort (AUC 0.814) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.767).Data ConclusionsThe radiomics‐clinical nomogram based on multiparametric MRI might have the potential to distinguish the histological grade of NSCLC.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Anthracene and β‐Cyclodextrin Based Supramolecular Semi‐Conducting Thin Film: Effect of the Encapsulation on the Optical and Electrical Properties
Authors: Teka Safa , Jebnouni Achref , Jaballah Nejmeddine Smida , Elgharbi Sarra , Majdoub Mustapha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we describe the synthesis of a host‐guest supramolecule (TDPAnβ‐CD) formed from an anthracene‐based conjugated molecule (TDPAn, guest) encapsulated in cyclodextrin (β‐CD, host) under microwave irradiation. The obtaining of the desired rotaxane was confirmed by different spectroscopic and thermal analyzes. A comparative study between the physicochemical and electrical properties of the free molecule (TDPAn) and those of the rotaxane (TDPAnβ‐CD) was conducted. Thermal analyzes show an amorphous morphology and good thermal stability for the rotaxane. The surface morphology of the synthesized materials was studied using atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement. The supramolecular film exhibits a smooth and homogeneous surface with a relatively low surface roughness compared to that of the free model. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the rotaxane thin film are blue‐shifted in comparison with TDPAn, due to a steric hindrance effect of the β‐CD. Hence, a blue intense photoluminescence was emitted from the rotaxane layer, compared to a violet‐red emission in the case of non‐encapsulated TDPAn. Higher electron affinity and ionization potential for the host‐guest supramolecule were observed by cyclic voltammetry. The static study of ITO/TDPAn/Al and ITO/TDPAnβ‐CD/Al schottky single layer diodes showed typical behaviors with relatively low threshold voltages and higher charge carrier mobility was achieved for the rotaxane active layer.
Quantitative Investigation of Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding in 2‐Chloro, 4‐X‐Benzoic Acids
Authors: Anil Kumar G. N. , Hathwar Venkatesha R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe crystal structure, Hirshfeldsurface analysis, topological analysis of the electron density and total interaction energies of four compounds, 2‐Chloro, 4‐X‐Benzoic Acids (where X=I, Br, Cl and F) have been analysed. The packing similarity was evaluated in all compounds using theXPacanalysis. The qualitative information about intermolecular interactions is derived from the crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analyses whereas quantitative information are determined by the QTAIM analysis as well as total interaction energies fromCrystalExplorer. The topological properties are estimated for all compounds in both crystal geometry and gas phase usingTOPONDandAIMALL, respectively. The carboxylic acid O−H⋅⋅⋅O HB dimers, C−H⋅⋅⋅O HBs and Cπ⋅⋅⋅Cπaromatic stacking interactions are found to be common interactions in all compounds. The topological properties and bond paths demonstrate them as non‐covalent stabilizing interactions in the crystalline state. The hierarchy of interactions concerning their strength is observed in the following order such that O−H⋅⋅⋅O HB dimers>Cπ⋅⋅⋅Cπaromatic stacking interactions>C−H⋅⋅⋅O HBs>Type II X⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions and C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl HBs>Type I homo‐halogen X⋅⋅⋅X interactions in all compounds. Additionally, the strength of Type I homo‐halogen X⋅⋅⋅X interactions vary in the order: I⋅⋅⋅I>Br⋅⋅⋅Br>Cl⋅⋅⋅Cl>F⋅⋅⋅F. The hierarchy of interactions is further supported by molecular electrostatic potential surfaces associated with both positive and negative potential regions.
Effect of the Amount of Carbon/Nitrogen Feedstocks on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of FeCoNi Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Matrix
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Zheng , Zhu Lin , Lv Weixin , Fan Dahe , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbonaceous transition metal catalysts have become one of the most promising materials to replace expensive Pt‐based catalysts because of their high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability. In this paper, three metal‐containing nanoparticles, namely FeCoNi, were encapsulated into carbonaceous matrixes by simple stirring and calcination. The morphology of as‐obtained FeCoNi particles was controlled and investigated by adjusting the amount of melamine as carbon (and nitrogen) source. FeCoNi@NC/CNTs‐6 showed the best ORR activity among all of the catalysts. The half‐wave potential of the FeCoNi@NC/CNTs‐6 is 0.83 V vs. RHE, and its limiting current density is up to 5.16 mA cm−2. It was found that the unique 3D carbon‐based matrix may be the main reason for this enhanced ORR activity. Additionally, higher content of pyridine N and Fe(Co/Ni)Nx group in FeCoNi@NC/CNTs‐6 catalyst may be another reason. Finally, FeCoNi@NC/CNTs‐6 was also used as a cathode to assemble the zinc‐air battery. The results showed that it had better battery performance than the reference Pt/C catalyst. These results could provide theoretical and practical support for the enlarged applicability of similar catalysts.
Listeria innocua isolated from diseased ruminants harbour minor virulence genes of L. monocytogenes
Authors: Matto Carolina , D'Alessandro Bruno , Mota María Inés , Braga Valeria , Buschiazzo Alejandro , Gianneechini Edgardo , Varela Gustavo , Rivero Rodolfo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractListeriosis is one of the most common nervous diseases in ruminants, and is caused almost exclusively by the Gram‐positive bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. However, there are few reports of listeriosis associated with L. innocua, which is genetically closely related to L. monocytogenes, but considered non‐pathogenic. In this work, we report two cases of suppurative meningoencephalitis in apparently previously healthy ruminants from different farms, in which two strains of L. innocua were recovered. The whole genomes from both isolates were sequenced, allowing phylogenetic analyses to be performed, which indicated that the two strains were very closely related. Virulence determinants were searched, especially genes coding for the main L. monocytogenes virulence factors which have been previously described in L. innocua. Surprisingly, the two isolates do not possess such virulence determinants. Instead, both strains carried a set of genes that encode for other virulence factors of the genus Listeria detected using the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB): iap (division and invasion of host cells), lpeA (entry into non‐professional phagocytes cells), fbpA (multifunctional virulence factor, including adherence to host cells), lspA (surface protein anchoring), lap (adhesion to enterocytes and trans epithelial translocation), pdgA (resistance to lysozyme), oatA (resistance to different antimicrobial compounds and also required for growth inside macrophages), lplA1 (use of host‐metabolites for in vivo growth), gtcA (catalyses teichoic acid of bacterial wall), prsA2 (cell invasion, vacuole lysis and intracellular growth), clpC, clpE and clpP (survival under several stress conditions). These genes among others detected, could be involved in the ability of L. innocua to produce damage in animal and human hosts. These results highlight the multifactorial profile of Listeria pathogenesis and the need for comprehensive scientific research that address microbiological, environmental and veterinary aspects of listeriosis.
Helping hands: Humans as surrogate nest‐helpers for White‐crested Laughingthrush (Garrulax leucolophus) at the National Aviary
Authors: Ecklar Julia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhite‐crested Laughingthrushes have historically experienced high chick/fledgling mortality when breeding in human care. Over two breeding seasons at the National Aviary, we provided supplemental food to parent‐reared White‐crested Laughingthrush chicks to simulate the contributions of conspecific nest‐helpers, which are known to assist with White‐crested Laughingthrush chick‐rearing in the wild. Chick survival increased when we provided this nest‐helping assistance. In zoos where conspecific nest‐helpers are not available, we recommend human assistance be provided in a manner similar to that described here, to ensure long‐term sustainability of the species in human care. This technique may also be useful for enhancing captive assurance populations of other cooperatively breeding Asian songbird species.
Mapping Global Crop Distribution
Authors: Yue Yaojie , Su Peng , Gao Yuan , Zhang Puying , Wang Ran , Zhang Anyu , Jiang Qinghua , Ma Weidong , Zhou Yuantao , Wang Jing’ai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe latest special report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2018 (Anandhi et al. 2016), estimates a 1.5 °C increase in global temperature in 2040 at the current rate of global warming. Such a rise has serious implications for major cereal crop cultivation: unless crop varieties adapted to higher temperatures become available, the areas suitable for cropping are bound to shift in the future. Therefore, to safeguard food security, we need to predict such changes in spatial and temporal terms, which can intuitively reflect the potential distribution of crops under different climate change scenarios and for different time periods, helping to reduce losses according to local conditions (Deng et al. 2009).
Mapping Global Road Networks
Authors: Wu Wenxiang , Hou Lingyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious studies have put forward different methods for reasonably determining the development scale of regional road networks according to the economic development and traffic conditions of each country, and formed some conventional methods for projecting the future scale of road networks, such as land coefficient method, elastic coefficient method, time series method, connectivity analysis method, and generalized cost method.
Mapping Wind Speed Changes
Authors: Mao Rui , Shi Cuicui , Zong Qi , Feng Xingya , Sun Yijie , Wang Yufei , Liang Guohao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWind variability has a major impact on water cycles, wind energy, and natural hazards and disasters such as hurricanes and typhoons. In the past decades, the global and regional mean near-surface wind speed (sfcWind) has shown a significantly downward trend, especially in the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (Wu et al. 2018). The global mean terrestrial sfcWind has decreased linearly at a rate of 0.08 m s−1 per decade during 1981–2011. Vautard et al. (2010) analyzed changes in sfcWind at stations across the globe and found that 73% of the total stations presented a decrease in the annual mean sfcWind, with linear trends of −0.09,  −0.16,  −0.12, and −0.07 m s−1 per decade in Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, and North America, respectively. In addition, a pronounced reduction in extreme sfcWind has also been observed in Europe and the United States (Yan et al. 2002; Pryor et al. 2012). However, because long-term observational data are lacking in most land areas and oceans, the uncertainty in the long-term trend of sfcWind is high, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and over oceans.
Lie algebra expansions, non-relativistic matter multiplets and actions
Authors: Kasikci Oguzhan , Ozkan Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe discuss a general methodology to provide rigid, off-shell matter multiplets and actions for recently constructed non-relativistic superalgebras. The technique is based on the Lie algebra expansion, which, in the context of supersymmetry, has so far been used to obtain non-relativistic on-shell supergravity models. We first explain how the Lie algebra expansion can be implemented to generate off-shell rigid multiplets on a flat background by developing an auxiliary framework where only the lowest order behavior of the spatial and temporal vielbein is relevant. We then provide explicit examples for the field content, the transformation rules as well as action principles for certain multiplets in three and four dimensions.
Chaos-protected locality
Authors: Jian Shao-Kai , Swingle Brian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microscopic speed limits that constrain the motion of matter, energy, and information abound in physics, from the “ultimate” speed limit set by light to Lieb-Robinson speed limits in quantum spin systems. In addition to these state-independent speed limits, systems can also be governed by emergent state-dependent speed limits indicating slow dynamics arising, for example, from slow low-energy quasiparticles. Here we describe a different kind of speed limit: a situation where complex information/entanglement spreads rapidly, in a fashion inconsistent with any speed limit, but where simple signals continue to obey an approximate speed limit. If we take the point of view that the motion of simple signals defines the local spacetime geometry of the universe, then the effects we describe show that spacetime locality can be compatible with a high degree of non-local interactions provided these are sufficiently chaotic. With this perspective, we sharpen a puzzle about black holes recently raised by Shor and propose a schematic resolution.