bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectivity of Fennoscandian Shield terrestrial deep biosphere microbiomes with surface communities
Authors: Westmeijer George , Mehrshad Maliheh , Turner Stephanie , Alakangas Linda , Sachpazidou Varvara , Bunse Carina , Pinhassi Jarone , Ketzer Marcelo , Åström Mats , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe deep biosphere is an energy constrained ecosystem yet fosters diverse microbial communities that are key in biogeochemical cycling. Whether microbial communities in deep biosphere groundwaters are shaped by infiltration of allochthonous surface microorganisms or the evolution of autochthonous species remains unresolved. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses showed that few groups of surface microbes infiltrated deep biosphere groundwaters at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden, but that such populations constituted up to 49% of the microbial abundance. The dominant persisting phyla included Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, and Epsilonbacteraeota. Despite the hydrological connection of the Baltic Sea with the studied groundwaters, infiltrating microbes predominantly originated from deep soil groundwater. Most deep biosphere groundwater populations lacked surface representatives, suggesting that they have evolved from ancient autochthonous populations. We propose that deep biosphere groundwater communities in the Fennoscandian Shield consist of selected infiltrated and indigenous populations adapted to the prevailing conditions.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Zizania latifolia provides insights into its seed shattering and phytocassane biosynthesis
Authors: Yan Ning , Yang Ting , Yu Xiu-Ting , Shang Lian-Guang , Guo De-Ping , Zhang Yu , Meng Lin , Qi Qian-Qian , Li Ya-Li , Du Yong-Mei , Liu Xin-Min , Yuan Xiao-Long , Qin Peng , Qiu Jie , Qian Qian , Zhang Zhong-Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia; family: Gramineae) is a valuable medicinal homologous grain in East and Southeast Asia. Here, using Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a 547.38 Mb chromosome-level genome assembly comprising 332 contigs and 164 scaffolds (contig N50 = 4.48 Mb; scaffold N50 = 32.79 Mb). The genome harbors 38,852 genes, with 52.89% of the genome comprising repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed close relation ofZ. latifoliatoLeersia perrieriandOryzaspecies, with a divergence time of 19.7–31.0 million years. Collinearity and transcriptome analyses revealed candidate genes related to seed shattering, providing basic information on abscission layer formation and degradation inZ. latifolia. Moreover, two genomic blocks in theZ. latifoliagenome showed good synteny with the rice phytocassane biosynthetic gene cluster. The updated genome will support future studies on the genetic improvement of Chinese wild rice and comparative analyses betweenZ. latifoliaand other plants.
The interplay between membrane topology and mechanical forces in regulating T cell receptor activity
Authors: Al-Aghbar Mohammad Ameen , Jainarayanan Ashwin K. , Dustin Michael L. , Roffler Steve R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractT cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on antigen presenting cells (APCs). Recent advances reveal that the TCR acts as a mechanoreceptor, but it remains unclear how pMHC/TCR engagement generates mechanical forces that are converted to intracellular signals. Here we propose a TCR Bending Mechanosignal (TBM) model, in which local bending of the T cell membrane on the nanometer scale allows sustained contact of relatively small pMHC/TCR complexes interspersed among large surface receptors and adhesion molecules on the opposing surfaces of T cells and APCs. Localized T cell membrane bending is suggested to increase accessibility of TCR signaling domains to phosphorylation, facilitate selective recognition of agonists that form catch bonds, and reduce noise signals associated with slip bonds.
Unidirectional amplification with acoustic non-Hermitian space−time varying metamaterial
Authors: Wen Xinhua , Zhu Xinghong , Fan Alvin , Tam Wing Yim , Zhu Jie , Wu Hong Wei , Lemoult Fabrice , Fink Mathias , Li Jensen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpace−time modulated metamaterials support extraordinary rich applications, such as parametric amplification, frequency conversion, and non-reciprocal transmission. The non-Hermitian space−time varying systems combining non-Hermiticity and space−time varying capability, have been proposed to realize wave control like unidirectional amplification, while its experimental realization still remains a challenge. Here, based on metamaterials with software-defined impulse responses, we experimentally demonstrate non-Hermitian space−time varying metamaterials in which the material gain and loss can be dynamically controlled and balanced in the time domain instead of spatial domain, allowing us to suppress scattering at the incident frequency and to increase the efficiency of frequency conversion at the same time. An additional modulation phase delay between different meta-atoms results in unidirectional amplification in frequency conversion. The realization of non-Hermitian space−time varying metamaterials will offer further opportunities in studying non-Hermitian topological physics in dynamic and nonreciprocal systems.
Observation of the crossover between metallic and insulating regimes of the spin Hall effect
Authors: Moriya Hiroyuki , Musha Akira , Haku Satoshi , Ando Kazuya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe physics of the anomalous and spin Hall effects is one of the most intriguing aspects of condensed matter physics. An important finding from a large collection of experimental and theoretical results is the universal scaling of the anomalous or spin Hall conductivity with the electric conductivity. This scaling has been successfully described by the intrinsic Berry curvature and extrinsic scattering mechanisms for metallic systems, revealing the topological nature of these effects. In contrast, the underlying physics in the opposite limit, the disordered insulating regime, is still unclear. In particular, it remains a major challenge, both experimentally and theoretically, to explore the spin Hall effect in the insulating regime. Here, we report the observation of the crossover between the metallic and insulating regimes of the spin Hall effect. The result demonstrates a direct correspondence between the spin and anomalous Hall effects, which will advance the fundamental understanding of spin transport.
How inertial lift affects the dynamics of a microswimmer in Poiseuille flow
Authors: Choudhary Akash , Paul Subhechchha , Rühle Felix , Stark Holger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe transport of motile microorganisms is strongly influenced by fluid flows that are ubiquitous in biological environments. Here we demonstrate the impact of fluid inertia. We analyze the dynamics of a microswimmer in pressure-driven Poiseuille flow, where fluid inertia is small but non-negligible. Using perturbation theory and the reciprocal theorem, we show that in addition to the classical inertial lift of passive particles, the active nature generates a ‘swimming lift’, which we evaluate for neutral and pusher/puller-type swimmers. Accounting for fluid inertia engenders a rich spectrum of complex dynamics including bistable states, where tumbling coexists with stable centerline swimming or swinging. The dynamics is sensitive to the swimmer’s hydrodynamic signature and goes well beyond the findings at vanishing fluid inertia. Our work will have non-trivial implications on the transport and dispersion of active suspensions in microchannels.
Polarisation-dependent single-pulse ultrafast optical switching of an elementary ferromagnet
Authors: Hamamera Hanan , Guimarães Filipe Souza Mendes , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Lounis Samir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ultimate control of magnetic states of matter at femtosecond (or even faster) timescales defines one of the most pursued paradigm shifts for future information technology. In this context, ultrafast laser pulses developed into extremely valuable stimuli for the all-optical magnetization reversal in ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic alloys and multilayers, while this remains elusive in elementary ferromagnets. Here we demonstrate that a single laser pulse with sub-picosecond duration can lead to the reversal of the magnetization of bulk nickel, in tandem with the expected demagnetization. As revealed by realistic time-dependent electronic structure simulations, the central mechanism involves ultrafast light-induced torques that act on the magnetization. They are only effective if the laser pulse is circularly polarized on a plane that contains the initial orientation of the magnetization. We map the laser pulse parameter space enabling the magnetization switching and unveil rich intra-atomic orbital-dependent magnetization dynamics featuring transient inter-orbital non-collinear states. Our findings open further perspectives for the efficient implementation of optically-based spintronic devices.
Hypoglycemic effects of Rhodiola crenulata (HK. f. et. Thoms) H. Ohba in vitro and in vivo and its ingredient identification by UPLC-triple-TOF/MS
Authors: Yue Huilan , Wang Luya , Jiang Sirong , Banma Cailang , Jia Wenjing , Tao Yanduo , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: January 2022

The anti-hyperglycaemic effects of Rhodiola crenulata (HK. f. et. Thoms) H. Ohba (RC) was firstly demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, and 40 ingredients in RC were detected and identified by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS.
Semantic and context features integration for robust object tracking
Authors: Yao Jinzhen , Zhang Jianlin , Wang Zhixing , Shao Linsong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSiamese network‐based object tracking learns features of a target object marked in the first frame and that of the object in subsequent frames simultaneously and then measures similarity between two features to recognize and locate the object. Owing to their efficiency and high accuracy, Siamese networks have attracted much attention recently. However, tracking accuracy decreases significantly when there are scale changes, occlusion, and pose variations due to the way that Siamese networks estimate feature similarity. To address this issue, the authors propose a tracking algorithm, named Semantic and context features integration for robust object tracking that integrates local and global features of the object. Local features provide context information for tracking parts of the object, while global features contain semantic information for tracking the object. The authors meticulously design local and global classification and regression heads and integrate them into one uniform framework to achieve integration tracking. This method effectively alleviates low accuracy in complex scenes such as scale changes, deformation, and occlusion. Numerous experiments demonstrate that this method achieves state‐of‐art (SOTA) performance with 45 FPS on a single RTX2060 Super GPU on public tracking datasets, including VOT2016, VOT2019, OTB100, GOT‐10k, and LaSOT, and its effectiveness and efficiency is confirmed.
An optimal phase control method for the suppression of phase sequence exchange impulse current and voltage
Authors: Li Yifan , Sun Peng , Li Hui , Huang Shaofeng , Wu Haifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhase sequence exchange (PSE) is an emerging emergency control method for power systems. However, PSE will generate impulse current and voltage. In this research, to suppress the impulse of PSE, a phase control method for zero‐current opening and equal‐voltage closing is adopted, and verified via both physics and experiments. First, an equivalent circuit is established, and the differential equations are solved to validate that this phase control method is the optimal method for the suppression of the impulse current and voltage in PSE. Then, the action sequence scheme and calculation method of the phase control method are advanced. Finally, based on the real‐time digital simulation system (RTDS), a PSE prototype was used to carry out impact experiments. The results verify that the performance of the optimal method is the best compared to those of other control methods, the requirement for the sampling frequency is low, and there is almost no additional cost. In the two experiments, the first peak of the impulse current was found to be reduced by 47.49% and 33.28% on average, respectively, and the first peak of the impulse voltage was found to be reduced by 14.89% and 44.10% on average, respectively.
Administration of Antenatal Corticosteroids: Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Berger Richard , Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Maul Holger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe administration of a single course of corticosteroids before week 34 + 0 of gestation in cases with impending preterm birth is now standard procedure in obstetric care and firmly
established in the guidelines of different countries. But despite the apparently convincing data, numerous aspects of this intervention have not yet been properly studied. It is still not
clear which corticosteroid achieves the best results. There are very few studies on what constitutes an appropriate dose, circadian rhythms, the time frame in which corticosteroids are
effective, and the balance between the risks and benefits of repeat administration. As the existing studies have rarely included patients before week 24 + 0 of gestation, we have very little
information on the possible benefits of administering corticosteroids before this timepoint. If corticosteroids are administered antenatally after week 34 + 0 of gestation, the short-term
benefit may be offset by the long-term adverse effect on psychomotor development. This present study summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding these issues.
Microtomographic Evaluation of Canal Centralization and Dentine Removal after Canal Preparation with Two Rotary Systems: HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Next
Authors: Ronquete Vivian , Martin Alexandre Sigrist de , Zuim Karin , Coutinho Thais Machado de Carvalho , Marceliano Eduardo Fagury Videira , Goulart Paula Avelar Da Silva Ribeiro , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Silveira Bueno Carlos Eduardo Da , Marceliano-Alves Marília Fagury Videira 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective This study compared the ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent AG, Alstätten, Switzerland) systems using micro–computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods Twenty-one mesial roots classified as Vertucci's type IV from extracted mandibular first molars with curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees were selected. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT before and after root canal preparation by both systems, applied to the same root, in alternating canals. The following parameters were analyzed: canal centering, apical transportation, root canal diameter/root diameter.
Results No statistically significant differences between both systems were observed for any of the assessed morphological parameters (p > 0.05). All canals presented diameter enlargement of more than 40% in relation to root diameter in the cervical and middle segments. No statistically significant difference was noted between the HEDM and PTN groups. The wear percentage for the HEDM group in the cervical and middle thirds were 49.66 ± 8.65 and 46.48 ± 14.29, respectively, and 51.02 ± 11.81 and 45.48 ± 10.79 for the PTN group, respectively.
Conclusion Both systems displayed similar mandibular molar mesial canals preparation, with no differences noted for any of the assessed parameters. Both groups showed increased canal diameter in the cervical and middle thirds by more than 40%.
Low Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α will Prevent Periodontitis Exacerbation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Berniyanti Titiek , Wening Gilang Rasuna Sabdho , Palupi Retno , Setyowati Dini , Putri Cindy Ramadhan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for periodontitis. Susceptibility to periodontitis increases approximately three times in people with DM. There is a clear relationship between the degree of hyperglycemia and the severity of periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in diabetics who came for periodontitis examination to prevent exacerbations.
Materials and Methods This was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional approach at health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Measurement of periodontal status used the community periodontal index of treatment needs by measuring bleeding at probing and pocket depth. TNF-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and behavior and lifestyle using a questionnaire.
Statistical Analysis The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to identify data normality (p < 0.05). A nonparametric test was used to measure the degree of association between different characteristics and the incidence of periodontitis in type 2 DM patients with and without periodontitis. Spearman's test was done to examine the correlation between TNF-α level and severity of periodontitis in diabetics. The significant level was at p <0.05.
Results There was a correlation between age, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, drug consumption, and TNF-α levels in patients with type 2 DM and the incidence of periodontitis.
Conclusions Poor glycemic control can induce oxidative stress on the gingiva, thereby aggravating damage to periodontal tissue. An important factor in preventing periodontitis for type 2 DM patients is controlling blood sugar levels through regular consumption of drugs and regular maintenance of oral cavity health. Knowledge is a predisposing factor that affects adherence of people with type 2 DM to consuming drugs regularly, which can be strengthened by family support. These will ultimately play a role in reducing TNF-α levels.
Characterization of Novel Cement-Based Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Putranto Aditya Wisnu , Suprastiwi Endang , Meidyawati Ratna , Agusnar Harry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze, evaluate, and characterize novel cement-based carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP).
Materials and Methods The three cement groups studied were gypsum (Gyp), and CMC/ACP—gypsum cement-based 5% (5% CAG) and 10% (10% CAG). The groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. The characterization results were analyzed qualitatively, but the data for setting time were analyzed using SPSS (p < 0.05).
Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey.
Results FTIR showed phosphate groups indicate the presence of calcium phosphate in the form of amorphous (ACP) in the CMC/ACP, CMC/ACP post-milled powder, and CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG). XRD showed no difference in the diffraction spectra among the Gyp, 5% CAG, and 10% CAG groups. SEM images revealed that the CMC/ACP cement-based groups (5% CAG and 10% CAG) showed CMC/ACP cluster filled with hollow spaces between the gypsum crystals and aggregations surrounding the gypsum crystals. The CMC/ACP showed envelopes and attached to the crystalline structures of the gypsum. Setting times of 5% CAG and 10% CAG showed significant differences compared with Gyp (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The result of our study showed that CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG) demonstrated amorphous characteristic, which can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate group (ACP). In addition, the modification of gypsum using CMC/ACP as cement-based extended the time of setting.
Effect of Endotracheal Suctioning on Infants Born through Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Qing , Chen Wenjing , Liang Qian , Song Shurong , Li Jia 
Published: January 2022

Objective Meconium is a common finding in amniotic fluid and placental specimens, particularly in term and post-term pregnancies. The objective of this paper was to perform a meta-analysis to examine the impact of endotracheal suctioning on the occurrence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), mortality, and complications.
Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for comparative studies. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences (WMDs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the outcomes.
Results Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant impacts of endotracheal suctioning on the occurrence of MAS (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 0.48–19.56), mortality (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.35–4.44), the need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 0.32–54.72), the occurrence of pneumothorax (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.34–2.85), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.58–2.98), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.52–1.30), and length of stay (WMD = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.99–0.77).
Conclusion Routine endotracheal suctioning at birth is not useful in preventing MAS, mortality, mechanical ventilation, PPHN, HIE, and prolonged length of stay in neonates born through MSAF.
Key Points
Study on Anatomical Variations in Fissures of Lung by CT Scan
Authors: Manjunath M. , Sharma M. Vishnu , Janso Kollanur , John Praveen Kumar , Anupama N. , Harsha D.S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Refinements in the modern computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques have led to anatomical variations in the fissures of lung being diagnosed more frequently. So far, majority of the studies conducted are cadaveric. There is paucity of studies in this aspect based on chest CT images. Hence, we undertook this study to find the anatomical variations in the fissures. Prior detection of anatomical abnormalities is important to reduce postoperative complications in lung resection surgeries.
Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years. Data were collected from the patients who underwent CT scan thorax. Patients in whom normal anatomy of lung was distorted and cases where both lungs were not visualized completely were excluded from the study. All the CT images were reviewed by a single radiologist. The presence or absence of the normal and accessory pulmonary fissures, as well as the continuity of each fissure, was recorded by the radiologist. Data were compiled and analyzed.
Results The study population consisted of 394 (70.4%) males and 166 (29.6%) females, totaling 560 cases. Fissural variations were detected in 22.9% (n = 128). Also, 17.5% (n = 98) fissural variations were seen in males and 5.4% (n = 30) fissural variations were seen in females. Further, 54.7% (n = 70) of variations were detected in the right lung and 45.3% (n = 58) in the left lung. The most common fissural variation noted was right incomplete oblique fissure with a frequency of 8.4% cases (n = 47). The most common accessory fissure detected was inferior accessory fissure. Total 22 cases were detected in both the lungs, 17 cases in male and 5 in female.
Conclusion Anatomical variations in fissures were found to be more in the right lung than the left lung. Accessory fissures were detected in higher incidence on the right side.