bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Parameters and Growth of the Pediatric Skull Base: Endonasal Access Implications
Authors: Chen Joshua , Pool Christopher , Slonimsky Einat , King Tonya S. , Pradhan Sandeep , Wilson Meghan N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives Endoscopic endonasal anterior skull base surgery has expanding use in the pediatric population, but the anatomy of pediatric patients can lead to limitations. This study aims to characterize the important anatomical implications of the pediatric skull base using computed tomography (CT) scans.
Design This study is designed as retrospective analysis.
Setting The study setting comprises of tertiary academic medical center.
Participants In total, 506 patients aged 0 to 18 who had undergone maxillofacial and or head CTs between 2009 to 2016 were involved.
Methods Measurements included piriform aperture width, nare to sella distance (NSD), sphenoid pneumatization, olfactory fossa depth, lateral lamella cribriform plate angles, and intercarotid distances (ICD) at the superior clivus and cavernous sinus. These patients were then subdivided into three age groups adjusting for sex. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were fit comparing between all age groups and by sex.
Results Piriform aperture width, NSD, sphenoid sinus pneumatization as measured using lateral aeration and anterior sellar wall thickness, olfactory fossa depth, and ICD at the cavernous sinus were significantly different among all age groups (p <0.0001). Our results show that mean piriform aperture width increased with each age group. The mean olfactory fossa depth also had consistent age dependent growth. In addition, ICD at the cavernous sinus showed age dependent changes. When comparing by sexes, females consistently showed smaller measurements.
Conclusion The process of skull base development is age and sex dependent. During preoperative evaluation of pediatric patients for skull base surgery piriform aperture width, sphenoid pneumatization in both the anterior posterior and lateral directions, and ICD at the cavernous sinus should be carefully reviewed.
A Systematic Approach to Configuring MetaMap for Optimal Performance
Authors: Jing Xia , Indani Akash , Hubig Nina , Min Hua , Gong Yang , Cimino James J. , Sittig Dean F. , Rennert Lior , Robinson David , Biondich Paul , Wright Adam , Nøhr Christian , Law Timothy , Faxvaag Arild , Gimbel Ronald 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background MetaMap is a valuable tool for processing biomedical texts to identify concepts. Although MetaMap is highly configurative, configuration decisions are not straightforward.
Objective To develop a systematic, data-driven methodology for configuring MetaMap for optimal performance.
Methods MetaMap, the word2vec model, and the phrase model were used to build a pipeline. For unsupervised training, the phrase and word2vec models used abstracts related to clinical decision support as input. During testing, MetaMap was configured with the default option, one behavior option, and two behavior options. For each configuration, cosine and soft cosine similarity scores between identified entities and gold-standard terms were computed for 40 annotated abstracts (422 sentences). The similarity scores were used to calculate and compare the overall percentages of exact matches, similar matches, and missing gold-standard terms among the abstracts for each configuration. The results were manually spot-checked. The precision, recall, and F-measure (β =1) were calculated.
Results The percentages of exact matches and missing gold-standard terms were 0.6–0.79 and 0.09–0.3 for one behavior option, and 0.56–0.8 and 0.09–0.3 for two behavior options, respectively. The percentages of exact matches and missing terms for soft cosine similarity scores exceeded those for cosine similarity scores. The average precision, recall, and F-measure were 0.59, 0.82, and 0.68 for exact matches, and 1.00, 0.53, and 0.69 for missing terms, respectively.
Conclusion We demonstrated a systematic approach that provides objective and accurate evidence guiding MetaMap configurations for optimizing performance. Combining objective evidence and the current practice of using principles, experience, and intuitions outperforms a single strategy in MetaMap configurations. Our methodology, reference codes, measurements, results, and workflow are valuable references for optimizing and configuring MetaMap.
Joint Effect of Multiple Prothrombotic Genotypes and Mean Platelet Volume on the Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Jakobsen Lisa , Frischmuth Tobias , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M. 
Published: May 2022

Background A high mean platelet volume (MPV), a marker of increased platelet reactivity, is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether established prothrombotic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) further increase the VTE risk in subjects with high MPV because of biological interaction remains unknown.
Aim To investigate the joint effect of high MPV and prothrombotic genotypes, comprising a 5-SNP genetic risk score (GRS), on the risk of VTE in a population-based case–cohort.
Methods Incident VTE cases (n = 653) and a subcohort (n = 1,774) were derived from the Tromsø Study (1994–2012). DNA was genotyped for rs8176719 (ABO), rs6025 (F5), rs1799963 (F2), rs2036914 (F11), and rs2066865 (FGG). Hazard ratios (HRs) for VTE with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to predefined MPV-strata (<8.5, 8.5–9.5, ≥9.5 fL) and number of risk alleles for each individual SNP and the GRS (0–1, 2–3, ≥4 risk alleles) in models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and platelet count.
Results The combination of high MPV and risk alleles, either as individual SNPs or the GRS, had an additive effect on VTE risk. Compared with subjects with MPV <8.5 fL and 0–1 risk allele, those with high MPV (≥9.5 fL) and ≥4 risk alleles had HRs of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.77-4.43) for overall VTE and 4.60 (95% CI: 2.20–9.60) for unprovoked events, respectively, but there was no supra-additive effect on risk estimates.
Conclusion The combination of high MPV and prothrombotic genotypes had an additive effect on VTE risk, suggesting there is no biological interaction between these risk factors in the pathogenesis of VTE.
Pharmacokinetic, Hemostatic, and Anticancer Properties of a Low-Anticoagulant Bovine Heparin
Authors: Santos Roberto P. , Tovar Ana M.F. , Oliveira Marcos R. , Piquet Adriana A. , Capillé Nina V. , Oliveira Stephan N.M.C.G. , Correia Ana H. , Farias José N. , Vilanova Eduardo , Mourão Paulo A.S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
Immune Tolerance Induction (ITI) with a pdFVIII/VWF Concentrate (octanate) in 100 Patients in the Observational ITI (ObsITI) Study
Authors: Escuriola Ettingshausen Carmen , Vdovin Vladimír , Zozulya Nadezhda , Svirin Pavel , Andreeva Tatiana , Benedik-Dolničar Majda , Jiménez-Yuste Victor , Kitanovski Lidija , Zupancic-Šalek Silva , Pavlova Anna , Bátorová Angelika , Montaño Mejía Cesar , Abdilova Gulnara , Knaub Sigurd , Jansen Martina , Lowndes Shannely , Belyanskaya Larisa , Walter Olaf , Oldenburg Johannes ,   on behalf of the ObsITI Study Group
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Immune tolerance induction (ITI) with repeated factor VIII (FVIII) administration is the only strategy proven to eradicate inhibitors. The observational ITI study is evaluating ITI with a range of FVIII products.
Methods This subgroup analysis reports prospective interim data for patients treated with a plasma-derived, von Willebrand factor-stabilized FVIII concentrate (pdFVIII/VWF, octanate). Complete success (CS) of ITI required achievement of three criteria: inhibitor titer < 0.6 BU/mL; FVIII recovery ≥ 66%; FVIII half-life ≥6 hours. Partial success (PS) required achievement of two criteria and partial response (PR) one. ITI success was defined as CS or PS. Data were analyzed for patients who achieved CS, had 36 months' observation, or failed ITI.
Results One-hundred prospectively enrolled patients were included in the analysis; 91 had poor prognosis factors for ITI success. The mean (standard deviation) daily ITI dose was 116.4 (61.1) IU FVIII/kg in 14 low responders (< 5 BU/mL) and 173.7 (112.0) IU FVIII/kg in 86 high responders (≥ 5 BU/mL). Inhibitor titers < 0.6 BU/mL were achieved in 71% of patients in a median of 4.01 months, accompanied by a 93% reduction in bleeding rate. ITI success was achieved by 70% of patients and 56 of 72 (78%) primary (first-line) ITI patients. PR was achieved by 5 patients; ITI failed in 25 patients. PS and CS were achieved in a median of 5.55 and 11.25 months, respectively.
Conclusions ITI with pdFVIII/VWF led to rapid eradication of FVIII inhibitors, normalization of FVIII pharmacokinetics in the majority of patients, and a significant reduction in bleeding rates.
Veteran and Staff Experience from a Pilot Program of Health Care System–Distributed Wearable Devices and Data Sharing
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Wilck Nancy R. , Murphy John J. , Herout Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective The growing trend to use wearable devices to track activity and health data has the potential to positively impact the patient experience with their health care at home and with their care team. As part of a pilot program, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) distributed Fitbits to Veterans through four VA medical centers. Our objective was to assess the program from both Veterans' and clinicians' viewpoints. Specifically, we aimed to understand barriers to Fitbit setup and use for Veterans, including syncing devices with a VA mobile application (app) to share data, and assess the perceived value of the device functions and ability to share information from the Fitbit with their care team. In addition, we explored the clinicians' perspective, including how they expected to use the patient-generated health data (PGHD).
Methods We performed semi-structured interviews with 26 Veterans and 16 VA clinicians to assess the program. Responses to each question were summarized in order of frequency of occurrence across participants and audited by an independent analyst for accuracy.
Results Our findings reveal that despite setup challenges, there is support for the use of Fitbits to engage Veterans and help manage their health. Clinicians believed there were benefits for having Veterans use the Fitbits and expected to use the PGHD in a variety of ways as part of the Veterans' care plans, including monitoring progress toward health behavior goals. Veterans were overwhelmingly enthusiastic about using the Fitbits; this enthusiasm seems to extend beyond the 3 month “novelty period.”
Conclusion The pilot program for distributing Fitbits to Veterans appears to be successful from both Veterans' and clinicians' perspectives and suggests that expanded use of wearable devices should be considered. Future studies will need to carefully consider how to incorporate the PGHD into the electronic health record and clinical workflow.
New Roles for Albumin/Globulin Ratio in the Early-Onset Hyperbilirubinemia among Infants Born Weighing 1,000 to 2,499 Grams
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Kanai Yuji , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Namai Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Early-onset hyperbilirubinemia (EOH) is a clinical issue for premature infants. We predicted that EOH management would be improved by fast results from common laboratory tests. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and the albumin/globulin ratio may contribute to improving the management of EOH.
Objective The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between EOH and perinatal variables among infants born weighing 1,000 to 2,499 g.
Study Designs A single center study was undertaken at Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital between April 1, 2016 and January 31, 2022, using blood samples prospectively collected from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit that were assessed by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Due to a correlation between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), each variable was entered separately into Model 1 (including GA) and 2 (including BW).
Results A total of 508 infants were analyzed (270 in the non EOH group and 238 in the EOH group). No infants experienced feto-maternal transfusion syndrome or hemolytic diseases such as blood type (ABO or Rh) incompatibility or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency during perinatal period. Significant relationships were observed between EOH and BW (p <0.01, odds ratio [OR], 0.997; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.996–0.997), albumin (p <0.01, OR, 0.278; 95% CI, 0.129–0.599), albumin/globulin ratio (p <0.01, OR, 2.695; 95% CI, 1.378–5.270), TSB (p <0.01, OR, 2.774; 95% CI, 1.795–4.287), and antenatal corticoid therapy (p = 0.02, OR, 1.852; 95% CI, 1.108–3.097) in Model 2. Per receiver operating characteristic curves, an albumin/globulin ratio of 1.84 could predict EOH at a sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 75.6% (AUC = 0.652, p <0.01, 95% CI, 0.603–0.700).
Conclusion Albumin/globulin ratio among infants born weighing 1,000 to 2,499 g may be a useful indicator of EOH.
Key Points
Comprehensive survey of dissociative photoionization of quinoline by PEPICO experiments
Authors: Kadhane Umesh R. , Vinitha M. V. , Ramanathan Karthick , S. Arun , Bouwman Jordy , Avaldi Lorenzo , Bolognesi Paola , Richter Robert 
Published: May 2022

Dissociative photoionization of quinoline induced by vacuum ultraviolet radiation is investigated using photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Branching ratios of all the detectable fragment ions are measured as a function of internal energy ranging from 2 to 30 eV. A specific generation hierarchy is observed in the breakdown curves of a set of dissociation channels. Moreover, a careful comparison of the breakdown curves of fragments among the successive generations allowed to establish a decay sequence in the fragmentation of quinoline cation. This enabled us to revisit and refine the understanding of the first generation decay and reassign the origin of a few of the higher generation decay products of quinoline cation. With the help of the accompanying computational work (reported concurrently), we have demonstrated the dominance of two different HCN elimination pathways over previously interpreted mechanisms. For the first time, a specific pathway for acetylene elimination is identified in quinoline+ and the role of isomerization in both acetylene as well as hydrogen cyanide loss is also demonstrated. The experiment also established that the acetylene elimination exclusively occurs from the non-nitrogen containing rings of quinoline cation. The formation of a few astronomically important species is also discussed.
Fish biodiversity and inferred abundance in a highly valued coastal temperate environment: the inner Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand
Authors: Jaksons Rodelyn , Bell Peter , Jaksons Peter , Cook Denham 
Published: May 2022

Context The inner Queen Charlotte Sound–Tōtaranui is a focal and emblematic coastal area in New Zealand that is valued by diverse stakeholders. Fish diversity in the region is not well characterised. Aims This study sought to provide an inventory of local fish populations, determine the relative abundance of all species observed, and quantify fish biodiversity (including teleost, elasmobranch, syngnathid, chimaera, and cephalopod) in the region. Methods Baited remote underwater video, a spatially balanced acceptance sampling design, and Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis approaches using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) were employed. Key results In total, 35 species were observed over 3 years. Average site-specific levels of species abundance were low (∼3) with only modest levels of biodiversity (Shannon–Wiener value = 0.65, Simpsons index = 0.51). On the basis of spatial residuals, greater species diversity was identified in western arms of the sound. Conclusions These findings provide a useful insight into the biodiversity of fish in the region, and baseline information on the relative abundance of a variety of fish species. Implications These findings characterise the contemporary status of fish populations in the inner Queen Charlotte Sound and present a useful framework for ongoing investigations of fish populations in this, and other, inshore marine environments.
Reduced physiological plasticity in a fish adapted to stable temperatures
Authors: Morgan Rachael , Andreassen Anna H. , Åsheim Eirik R. , Finnøen Mette H. , Dresler Gunnar , Brembu Tore , Loh Adrian , Miest Joanna J. , Jutfelt Fredrik 
Published: May 2022

SignificancePlastic individuals can buffer environmental changes, maintaining a stable performance across gradients. Plasticity is therefore thought to be particularly beneficial for the survival of wild populations that experience large environmental fluctuations, such as diel and seasonal temperature changes. Maintaining plasticity is widely assumed to be costly; however, empirical evidence demonstrating this cost is scarce. Here, we predict that if plasticity is costly, it would be readily lost in a stable environment, such as a laboratory. To test this, we measured a diverse range of phenotypic traits, spanning gene expression, physiology, and behavior, in wild and laboratory zebrafish acclimated to 15 temperatures. We show that laboratory fish have lost plasticity in many traits, demonstrating that maintaining plasticity carries a cost.
Modelling sodium requirements of athletes across a variety of exercise scenarios – Identifying when to test and target, or season to taste
Authors: McCubbin Alan J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests the focus for sodium replacement during exercise should be maintenance of plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]plasma) for any given total body water (TBW) volume. The sodium intake to achieve stable [Na+]plasma given known fluid and electrolyte intakes and losses can be mathematically estimated. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to model sodium requirements of athletes during exercise, observing the influence of sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, baseline [Na+]plasma and sweat potassium [K+]sweat, and relevance to competition (soccer, elite marathon, and 160 km ultramarathon running). Models were constructed across a range of sweat sodium concentrations ([Na+]sweat) (20–80 mmol·L−1), sweat rates (0.5–2.5 L·h−1) and fluid replacement (10–90% of losses). In the competition‐specific scenarios, fluid replacement was calculated to achieve 2% TBW losses. Sodium requirements were driven by fluid replacement (% of losses) and [Na+]sweat, with minimal or no influence of other variables. Replacing sodium was unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match and elite marathon. In contrast, the 160 km ultramarathon required ≥47% sodium replacement when [Na+]sweat was ≥40 mmol·L−1 and >80% of fluid losses were replaced. In conclusion, sodium requirements to maintain stable [Na+]plasma during exercise depend on both the proportion of fluid losses replaced, and [Na+]sweat. Only when prolonged exercise is coupled with aggressive fluid replacement (>80%) and whole body [Na+]sweat ≥40 mmol·L−1 does sweat composition testing and significant, targeted sodium replacement appear necessary.Highlights
Modelling sodium intake requirements with sodium and fluid intake expressed as a proportion of losses, allows robust models to be constructed that are not influenced by sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, and only to a minor extent by baseline plasma sodium and sweat potassium.
When applied to specific sporting scenarios, targeted sodium replacement, and therefore sweat composition testing, appears unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match or elite marathon race. Athletes can therefore choose sodium intake according to taste preferences rather than physiological need.
During a 160 km ultramarathon, targeted sodium replacement may be necessary because fluid replacement needs are greater as a proportion of losses. However the required quantity remains <50% of losses unless sweat rate is ≥1.5 L·hr−1, sweat sodium is ≥40 mmol·L−1, and fluid replacement is ≥90% of losses.
The modelling technique described could be utilised by researchers to personalise sodium replacement in intervention studies for each participant, or by practitioners to either estimate the likely sodium needs of athletes during exercise, or to decide when sweat composition testing is or is not likely to be useful.
Towards room-temperature and above magnetoelectricity in CoFe2O4/Cr2O3 core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Barik A , Sahoo M R , Ghosh R , Tiwary Sweta , Kuila S , Takhar D , Birajdar B , Vishwakarma P N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work provides an effective approach to increase the magnetoelectric (ME) operating temperature of primordial sesqui oxide Cr2O3. The CoFe2O4 (core)/Cr2O3 (shell) nanoparticles with varying molar fractions are prepared via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The phase-purity and coating induced micro-strains in core as well as shell have been validated from the Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data, and are complementary to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies. Transmission electron microscopy measurement confirms the core/shell configuration of the nanoparticles. The magnetization measurements suggest screening of ferromagnetic interaction of CoFe2O4 (core) due to Cr2O3 shell over it, such that core/shell nanoparticles respond like single domain particles. A careful inspection of the impedance and modulus data suggest single relaxation in the studied frequency/temperature range for all the compositions. Both, the relaxation and the conduction processes are found to be polaronic obeying Mott variable range hopping mechanism. Direct ME measurements on these samples manifests the presence of linear magnetoelectricity for temperature as high as 400 K―a hallmark of enhancement in ME operating temperature of parental Cr2O3 phase and therefore widen its scope to meet the necessity of ME based potential applications.