bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Disease Severity
Authors: Lee Jaclyn , Zhu Yuwei , Williams Derek J. , Self Wesley H. , Arnold Sandra R. , McCullers Jonathan A. , Ampofo Krow , Pavia Andrew T. , Anderson Evan J. , Jain Seema , Edwards Kathryn M. , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
No standardized risk assessment tool exists for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. This study aims to investigate the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and pediatric CAP.

Methods
Data prospectively collected by the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community study (2010–2012) was used. Study population was pediatric patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee with clinically and radiographically confirmed CAP. The earliest measured RDW value on admission was used, in quintiles and also as a continuous variable. Outcomes analyzed were: severe CAP (requiring ICU, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, or death) or moderate CAP (hospital admission only). Analysis used multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines modeling.

RESULTS
In 1459 eligible children, the median age was 29 months (interquartile range: 12–73), median RDW was 13.3% (interquartile range: 12.5–14.3), and 289 patients (19.8%) developed severe disease. In comparison with the lowest RDW quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for severe CAP in subsequent quintiles were, Q2: 1.20 (0.72–1.99); Q3: 1.28 (0.76–2.14); Q4: 1.69 (1.01–2.82); Q5: 1.25 (0.73–2.13). Consistently, RDW restricted cubic splines demonstrated an independent, nonlinear, positive association with CAP severity (P = .027), with rapid increases in the risk of severe CAP with RDW values up to 15%.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher presenting RDW was associated with an increased risk of severe CAP in hospitalized children. Widely available and inexpensive, RDW can serve as an objective data point to help with clinical assessments.
Microorganismos asociados a la enfermedad conocida como pudrición suave del fruto de banano (musa sp.) y alternativas de control microbiológicas y químicas a nivel in vitro
Authors: Vargas Fernández Jose Pablo , Wang Wong Amy , Muñoz Fonseca Miguel 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. La Pudrición Suave del Fruto (PSF) es una enfermedad precosecha que afecta a las musáceas. En renovación de plantaciones, las pérdidas por esta enfermedad alcanzan desde 0,3 hasta 1,2 t.ha-1.año-1 de fruta. Objetivo. Describir los síntomas de la PSF, a partir de los agentes asociados para evaluar a nivel in vitro posibles alternativas microbiológicas y químicas para su control. Materiales y métodos. La descripción de los síntomas, identificación de agentes asociados y pruebas de patogenicidad se realizaron a partir del análisis de tejido enfermo de frutos de 11 y 12 semanas de edad. El potencial de 13 formulaciones comerciales de cepas puras y mezclas de microorganismos, 4 formulaciones de cobre y una formulación de yodo fueron evaluadas contra los agentes asociados a la PSF, mediante la metodología del doble enfrentamiento. Se midió el diámetro menor y mayor del anillo de inhibición, a las 24, 48 y 120 horas. Se realizó un análisis de variancia (ANDEVA) con una prueba LSD Fisher y una probabilidad del 5%. Resultados. El agente asociado a PSF fue aislado de tejido enfermo e identificado como Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya chrysanthemi). Debido a que siempre fue aislada del tejido enfermo, su patogenicidad se logró comprobar mediante los postulados de Koch. Se presume una participación conjunta de Erwinia carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum) debido a que siempre fue asilada del tejido enfermo. El mejor efecto antagonista in vitro sobre Erwinia chrysanthemi se obtuvo con los microorganismos Bacillus pumilus cepa QST2808 y Bacillus subtilis cepa QST713. El mejor efecto in vitro de las fuentes químicas evaluadas se obtuvo con la dosis completa y media dosis de sulfato de cobre al 28,8%, y la dosis más alta de Iodo-Etanol al 2,5%. Conclusión. Se logró identificar el agente asociado a la enfermedad, además, se proponen alternativas microbiológicas y químicas con potencial inhibitorio in vitro para considerarse en pruebas de campo.
Frecuencias de aplicación de bioproducto en el desarrollo y el control de enfermedades de cafeto
Authors: Ferrás Negrín Yusdel , Portal Rodríguez Marianny , Bustamante González Carlos Alberto , Sánchez Esmori Ciro 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. Los microorganismos eficientes se han convertido en una práctica común como estrategia de manejo agrícola sostenible y han sido ampliamente usados con diferentes propósitos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de frecuencias de aplicaciones del bioproducto en el desarrollo de cafeto y el control de enfermedades en su primer año de plantado. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se desarrolló en la Estación Experimental Agro-Forestal en Jibacoa, Villa Clara, Cuba. Se asperjó a 5 L.ha1 a una concentración del 2% con frecuencias: mensuales, bimensuales, trimestrales y un tratamiento sin aspersiones (Control). Al año de establecida la plantación se evaluó a los cafetos: morfología (la altura, el diámetro del tallo, el diámetro de la copa), enfermedades (índice de infestación y de distribución de la mancha de hierro y la roya). Resultados. Con las aspersiones mensuales se manifestó una tendencia de mejora en el desarrollo de los cafetos. Al asperjar mensualmente el bioproducto se disminuyó en un 57,2% y 45,8% el índice de infestación y de distribución respectivamente de la mancha de hierro en comparación al control. En la roya la aplicación mensual y bimensual disminuyó en un 69,5% y 65,8% respectivamente el índice de infestación y en un 60,6% y 57,9% de igual manera el índice de distribución. Conclusiones. Las aspersiones mensuales con del bioproducto es una alternativa ecológica a emplear en el primer año de plantado el café al controlar la roya, la mancha de hierro con una tendencia a mejorar el desarrollo de las plantas.
FIBRODISPLASIA OSSIFICANTE PROGRESSIVA EM PEDIATRIA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA COM FOCO NA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Dias Sylvia Carriel , Freire Márcia Helena de Souza , Saganski Gabrielle Freitas 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: identificar as ações de cuidado/assistência de enfermagem ao paciente pediátrico com FOP na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: revisão integrativa, com as buscas realizadas em outubro de 2020, em cinco bases de dados e literatura cinzenta. Com descritores nacionais e internacionais. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por revisores independentes. Resultados: a partir de uma busca ampla foram identificados 1213 estudos e incluídos 2 artigos na amostra final. Seguiu-se três direcionamentos temáticos assistenciais: Contribuições de enfermagem no reconhecimento precoce da doença, a importância da educação em saúde, e a prevenção de traumatismos. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos agregaram conhecimento acerca da assistência aos pacientes pediátricos com FOP. Estudos científicos acerca dos cuidados de enfermagem a essa doença ainda são escassos, assim recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de novos estudos visto a significância do papel da enfermagem às doenças raras.
Demografi dan Kompetensi Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Hasil Belajar Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skills Guru Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Authors: Wahidmurni Wahidmurni , Yuniar Marandy Setyo , Zuhrotul Hani’ah 
Published: August 2022

The research aims to investigate: (1) the content of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in basic competence verbs and learning assessment instruments prepared by teachers, (2) the aspect of demography and teacher competency in developing HOTSbased learning assessment instrument, and (3) teacher’s problems in developing HOTS based learning assessment instrument. To accomplish the aims, the researchers employed a mixed-method approach and Convergence Model design. The data collection involves interviews with teachers, documentation and questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage technique. Meanwhile, the qualitative ones were analyzed using condensation patterns, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The result of the research shows that: (1) Most of the basic competence verbs in the curriculum of social studies subject contain HOTS, but only a few of HOTS-based assessment instruments are employed, (2) demographically, most teachers have an irrelevant educational background and have not been trained before. Even though most of them are professional teachers, their understanding and competencies in developing HOTS-based assessment instruments are still low, and (3) the main problem faced by teachers is their incompetence in developing basic competency verbs into suitable operational verbs of social studies. It indicates the urgency of assistance and training for teachers to improve their competencies in developing this instrument.
Attosecond Optical Switching
Authors: Hassan Mohammed , Hui Dandan , Alqattan Husain , Zhang Simin , Pervak Vladimir , Chowdhury Enam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modern electronics are founded on switching the electric signal by radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields on the nanosecond timescale, limiting the information processing to the gigahertz speed. Recently, optical switches have been demonstrated using terahertz and ultrafast laser pulses to control the electric signal and enhance the switching speed to the picosecond and a few hundred femtoseconds time scale. Here, we exploit the reflectivity modulation of the fused silica dielectric system in a strong light field to demonstrate the optical switching (ON/OFF) with attosecond time resolution. Moreover, we present the capability of controlling the optical switching signal with complex synthesized fields of ultrashort laser pulses for data binary encoding. This work paves the way for establishing optical switches and light-based electronics with petahertz speeds, several orders of magnitude faster than the current semiconductor-based electronics, opening a new realm in information technology, optical communications, and photonic processor technologies.
A Shift Toward Activated Receptors and Enhanced Effector Functions on NK Cells Contribute to Immune Imbalance During Sepsis
Authors: He Wanxue , Zhang Lin , Luo Zhiming , Xu Jianqiao , Guan Wei , Xie Lixin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. It is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate, which has a tremendous impact on global health and social economy. Remarkably, immune imbalance has been recognized as a key pathophysiological change in sepsis, and NK cells, one of the most important innate immune cells, are involved in this process and play a crucial role in it. However, the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of sepsis is still controversial and there remains a gap in understanding the exactly immune responses of NK cells to sepsis and even infections secondary to sepsis. In this study, we used sepsis mouse models to investigate the alterations of NK cells, and then we subjected the septic mice to a secondary influenza A virus (H1N1) infection to characterize the anti-infection immune responses of NK cells. Here, we demonstrated that NK cells presented an activated phenotype in early phase of sepsis as illustrated by increased activated CD69 and NKG2D and reduced inhibitory KLRG1 expression on NK cells. Moreover, we observed that NK cells were excessive overall activated in the sepsis mouse model subjected to secondary infections as illustrated by cell surface receptor expression profiles, increased IFN-γ and CD107a expression after stimulation, aggravated lung inflammation and pathological injury, and increased systemic inflammation cytokines, which might be an important reason for higher mortality in PR8-infected sepsis mice. In summary, NK cells exhibit excessive activated phenotype induced by sepsis, contributing to unrestrained systemic inflammation, pathogenesis of tissue damage, physiological dysfunction, and increased mortality.
An improved blind Gaussian source separation approach based on generalized Jaccard similarity
Authors: Fu Xudan , Ye Jimin , E Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blind source separation (BSS) consists of recovering the independent sourcesignals from their linear mixtures with unknown mixing channel. The existing BSS approaches rely on the fundamental assumption: the source signals are non-Gaussian, this limited the use of BSS seriously. To overcome this problem and the weakness of cosine index in measuring the dynamic similarity of signals, this study proposes the fuzzy statistical behavior of local extremum (FSBLE) based on generalized Jaccard similarity as the measure of signal’s similarity to implement the separation of source signals. In particular, the imperialist competition algorithm is introduced to minimize the cost function which jointly considers the stationarity factor describing the dynamical similarity of each source signal separately and the independency factor describing the dynamical similarity between source signals. Simulation experiments on synthetic nonlinear chaotic Gaussian data and ECG signals verify the effectiveness of the improved BSS approach and the relatively small cross-talking error and root mean square error(RMSE) indicate that the approach improves the accuracy of signal separation.
Pain adverse events, Bell’s palsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome Following Vaccination
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Some individuals (vaccinees) experience pain related adverse events following vaccinations. The majority of these pain related vaccination reactogenicity adverse events resolve within days. Rare adverse events like Bell’s palsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been associated with some vaccines. Herein, multiple working hypotheses are examined in the context of available characteristics of vaccinees and onset of these pain related adverse events post vaccination.
Methods
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database was datamined for pain associated vaccine adverse events data by vaccine, age, gender, dose, and onset post vaccination. Results for vaccines with the highest number of pain related adverse events were compared.
Results
For the pain related adverse events examined, the highest number of adverse events are reported within 1 day, roughly half this number the second day, and roughly a quarter this number by the third day. The day of onset for these pain related adverse events approximates a power of two decay pattern for the first three days. This same pattern is observed for all of the vaccines with the highest number of pain related adverse events. The consistency of these day of onset frequency patterns of examined adverse events following vaccinations for multiple unrelated vaccines enables the exclusion of specific vaccine components and excipients as specifically causative entities.
Conclusion
The observed onset occurrences of examined pain associated adverse events are consistent with likely etiology relationship with innate immune responses to vaccinations for multiple vaccines including SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19, influenza, and additional vaccines. Innate immune responses may be contributing to the initial etiology of Bell’s palsy and GBS post SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and adenoviral vaccinations.
Spatial mismatch and evolution of new energy consumption, industrial structure upgrading , and carbon carrying capacity
Authors: Yang Zedong , Sun Hui , Yuan Weipeng , Xia Xuechao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on the spatial mismatch theory, the research analyzed the distribution pattern of new energy consumption, industrial structure upgrading, and carbon carrying capacity from 2010 to 2019 by using the ArcGIS10.8 visual expression tool, and the trajectories of the barycenter of the above three elements were analyzed by the model of the barycenter. And their spatial mismatch was analyzed using the spatial mismatch index. The findings of this study include mainly the following aspects. (1) the level of new energy consumption showed significant differences in spatial aggregation, with the barycenter shifting from south to north. The industrial structure upgrading decreased from southeast to northwest, and the barycenter presented a phased migration trajectory of first to northwest, then to the south, and then to the southwest. The carbon carrying state showed the gradual geographical evolution characteristics of the empty load, suitable basic load, suitable load, and overload from southeast to northwest, with the barycenter oscillating from southwest to northeast. (2) Provinces with the positive mismatch of new energy consumption and industrial structure upgrading and carbon carrying capacity were widely distributed, and provinces with the negative mismatch were sporadically distributed. The spatial mismatch degree of the three elements tended to expand on the whole, but the direction and magnitude of change were different. The high mismatch area showed a trend of agglomeration in eastern coastal economic circles such as the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. More, the high mismatch area showed a trend of westward spread. (3) The contribution of province to the overall spatial mismatch decreased from eastern to western.
Potentials of Moringa stenopetala foliage as livestock feed, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Anno Guyo Demisse , Kebede Yisehak Kechero , Gebre Yoseph Mekasha , Asfaw Nebiyu Yemane 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out in three selected zones of Southern Ethiopia to assess seasonal availability, utilization practices, and livestock preferences as well as farmers' perceptions, and barriers to using M. stenopetala as livestock feed. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select zones, woredas, kebeles, and households. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaire, field observation, focus group discussion, and measurements. Statistical variations for categorical data were tested employing cross tabs, with significant differences at P ≤ 0.05; while the quantitative data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Mean comparisons were carried out using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Indices were computed to provide ranking parameters. M. stenopetala tree is a major asset and considered as a milking cow and called as ‘‘a mother and dairy plant’’ that they breastfeed. The respondent farmers ranked food value (1st ) followed by income generation (2nd ) and feed value (3rd ) as major purposes of planting M. stenopetala. About 66.75% of the respondents' farmers were able to differentiate the species of M. stenopetala found in their vicinity. Accordingly, two types of M. stenopetala were identified. The production of M. stenopetala is available both in dry and wet seasons and its abundance was higher in backyard/homestead. About 48.07% and 44.75% of the respondents were supplied edible parts for cattle and goats in the form of fresh leaves and twigs, respectively. Overall, the current study demonstrated practical identification of M. stenopetala tree types and used a portion of it for ruminants to supplement nutrient scarcity in the areas. Working on the nutrition composition of edible parts of the various varieties of M. stenopetala is thus recommended in order to evaluate the variation.
Application of the game theory, on a suggested model of COVID-19 coronavirus transmission in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al-Sayegh M. Al , Iqbal A. , Metwally N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To control the spread of a pandemic, preventive measures such as vaccination and social distancing are used. In this contribution a suggested model is discussed by using the game theory, where a payoff function is constructed in terms of the players’ available strategies. The relative cost of each strategy determines the most appropriate strategy for people to implement. In the absence of social distancing, vaccination is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection for non-vaccinated individuals compared to vaccinated individuals. In the absence of vaccination, social distancing is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection when social distancing is not applied. In the case of both vaccination and social distancing, the optimal strategy is to apply vaccination regardless of its cost. Through vaccination, it is possible to create a societal immunity capable of confronting the spread of COVID-19 throughout Bahrain.
Assessment of awareness and knowledge of schistosomiasis among school-aged children (6-13 years) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Gabaake Kebabonye Priscillah , Phaladze Nthabiseng A , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Thakadu Olekae Tsompi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is a global health problem affecting 250 million people, with 90% in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Botswana, the burden is high in the Okavango delta because of the water channels. WHO recommends integrated measures, including access to clean water, sanitation, health education, and drugs to control and eliminate schistosomiasis. Gauging knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis for School-Aged Children (SAC) is crucial. Our study aimed at assessing knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis among SAC in the Okavango delta.Methods: A cross-sectional survey assessing awareness and knowledge of schistosomiasis in schools was conducted. 480 questionnaires were administered to gather demographic profiles, awareness, and knowledge of risky behaviors. Chi-square and descriptive analysis determined the differences in SAC`s awareness and knowledge levels based on localities, gender, age, and health education. Results: The results showed a low awareness level, with only (42%) of respondents having heard about the disease and (52%) knowing its local name. Younger children from Sekondomboro (83%) and Samchima lacked awareness, while children from Mohembo (77%) and those who had health education (70%) demonstrated significant awareness levels (p≤0.001). Seventy-two percent (72%) lacked knowledge of the cause and (95%) did not know the disease life-cycle. Children from Xakao (91%), (85%) Sepopa, and (75%) of younger children did not know haematuria is a symptom of the disease. Older and SAC with health education were more likely to know that swimming is a risk factor (p≤0.001) and (p≤0.05) respectively.Conclusions and recommendations: Although respondents from four schools demonstrated some level of awareness of the disease, and knowledge of risky behaviors, the study showed a lack of in-depth knowledge on the life-cycle and cause of the diseases. We, therefore, recommend the implementation of an integrated approach to health education and improvement in access to clean water and sanitation in all study areas.
FMR1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cell by stabilizing EGFR mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner
Authors: Hu Yuhan , Gao Qingzu , Ma Shuai , Yu Pei , Ding Shuang , Yao Xiaofei , Zhang Zheying , Lu Shuya , Lu Manman , Zhang Jing-hang , Wang Yanling , Qian Xinlai , Zhong Jiateng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
FMR1, a new m6A reader, is known to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression. However, its role, regulatory mechanism, and clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) are elusive. Here, we showed that FMR1 was up-regulated in CRC, and it promoted proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, FMR1 recognized the m6A-modification site in EGFR mRNA, a key molecule in cancer occurrence and targeted therapy, sustained its stability and maintained its expression in an m6A dependent manner, thereby promoting the tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC. And the effect of FMR1 knockdown in CRC cells could be abolished by METTL3. Furthermore, FMR1 shRNA plasmid carried by attenuated Salmonella has an effective anti-tumor effect in vivo. Collectively, we identified the METTL3/FMR1/EGFR axis in the progression of CRC. This novel mechanism indicated that the METTL3/FMR1/EGFR axis is a potential target for early therapeutic intervention in CRC progression.