bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of the changing tuberculosis prevalence in Việt Nam: Analysis of population-level cross-sectional studies
Authors: Foster Nicola , Nguyen Hai V. , Nguyen Nhung V. , Nguyen Hoa B. , Tiemersma Edine W. , Cobelens Frank G. J. , Quaife Matthew , Houben Rein M. G. J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
An ecological relationship between economic development and reduction in tuberculosis prevalence has been observed. Between 2007 and 2017, Việt Nam experienced rapid economic development with equitable distribution of resources and a 37% reduction in tuberculosis prevalence. Analysing consecutive prevalence surveys, we examined how the reduction in tuberculosis (and subclinical tuberculosis) prevalence was concentrated between socioeconomic groups.

Methods and findings
We combined data from 2 nationally representative Việt Nam tuberculosis prevalence surveys with provincial-level measures of poverty. Data from 94,156 (2007) and 61,763 (2017) individuals were included. Of people with microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis, 21.6% (47/218) in 2007 and 29.0% (36/124) in 2017 had subclinical disease. We constructed an asset index using principal component analysis of consumption data. An illness concentration index was estimated to measure socioeconomic position inequality in tuberculosis prevalence. The illness concentration index changed from −0.10 (95% CI −0.08, −0.16; p = 0.003) in 2007 to 0.07 (95% CI 0.06, 0.18; p = 0.158) in 2017, indicating that tuberculosis was concentrated among the poorest households in 2007, with a shift towards more equal distribution between rich and poor households in 2017. This finding was similar for subclinical tuberculosis. We fitted multilevel models to investigate relationships between change in tuberculosis prevalence, individual risks, household socioeconomic position, and neighbourhood poverty. Controlling for provincial poverty level reduced the difference in prevalence, suggesting that changes in neighbourhood poverty contribute to the explanation of change in tuberculosis prevalence. A limitation of our study is that while tuberculosis prevalence surveys are valuable for understanding socioeconomic differences in tuberculosis prevalence in countries, given that tuberculosis is a relatively rare disease in the population studied, there is limited power to explore socioeconomic drivers. However, combining repeated cross-sectional surveys with provincial deprivation estimates during a period of remarkable economic growth provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the relationship between tuberculosis and economic development in Việt Nam.

Conclusions
We found that with equitable economic growth and a reduction in tuberculosis burden, tuberculosis became less concentrated among the poor in Việt Nam.
Analysis of accumulated SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in North Carolina: The COVID-19 Community Research Partnership
Authors: Williamson John C. , Wierzba Thomas F. , Santacatterina Michele , Munawar Iqra , Seals Austin L. , Pittman Ballard Christine Ann , Alexander-Miller Martha , Runyon Michael S. , McCurdy Lewis H. , Gibbs Michael A. , Ahmed Amina , Lagarde William H. , Maguire Patrick D. , King-Thiele Robin , Hamrick Terri , Ihmeidan Abdalla , Henderson Shakira , Gallaher T. Ryan , Uschner Diane , Edelstein Sharon L. , Herrington David M. , Sanders John W. ,   on behalf of the North Carolina sites of the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The COVID-19 Community Research Partnership is a population-based longitudinal syndromic and sero-surveillance study. The study includes over 17,000 participants from six healthcare systems in North Carolina who submitted over 49,000 serology results. The purpose of this study is to use these serology data to estimate the cumulative proportion of the North Carolina population that has either been infected with SARS-CoV-2 or developed a measurable humoral response to vaccination.

Methods
Adult community residents were invited to participate in the study between April 2020 and February 2021. Demographic information was collected and daily symptom screen was completed using a secure, HIPAA-compliant, online portal. A portion of participants were mailed kits containing a lateral flow assay to be used in-home to test for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM or IgG antibodies. The cumulative proportion of participants who tested positive at least once during the study was estimated. A standard Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to illustrate the probability of seroconversion over time up to December 20, 2020 (before vaccines available). A separate analysis was performed to describe the influence of vaccines through February 15, 2021.

Results
17,688 participants contributed at least one serology result. 68.7% of the population were female, and 72.2% were between 18 and 59 years of age. The average number of serology results submitted per participant was 3.0 (±1.9). By December 20, 2020, the overall probability of seropositivity in the CCRP population was 32.6%. By February 15, 2021 the probability among healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers was 83% and 49%, respectively. An inflection upward in the probability of seropositivity was demonstrated around the end of December, suggesting an influence of vaccinations, especially for healthcare workers. Among healthcare workers, those in the oldest age category (60+ years) were 38% less likely to have seroconverted by February 15, 2021.

Conclusions
Results of this study suggest more North Carolina residents may have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 than the number of documented cases as determined by positive RNA or antigen tests. The influence of vaccinations on seropositivity among North Carolina residents is also demonstrated. Additional research is needed to fully characterize the impact of seropositivity on immunity and the ultimate course of the pandemic.
Intravenous antibiotics at the index emergency department visit as an independent risk factor for hospital admission at the return visit within 72 hours
Authors: Lin Shao-Yung , Sung Chih-Wei , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Chen Chi-Hsin , Fan Cheng-Yi , Lee Hsin-Yu , Huang Chien-Tai , Huang Yu-Sheng , Zhuang Bo-Yu , Liu Cheng-Heng , Chang Jia-How 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Although infection was the most common symptom in patients returning to the ED, whether intravenous antibiotic administration at the index visit could serve as an indicator of patients with infectious diseases at high risk for hospital admission after returning to the ED within a short period of time remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for hospital admission in patients returning to the ED within 72 hours with a final diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Material and methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed return visits to the ED from January to December 2019. Adult patients aged >20 years who had a return visit to the ED within 72 hours with an infectious disease were included herein. In total, 715 eligible patients were classified into the intravenous antibiotics and non-intravenous antibiotics group (reference group). The outcome studied was hospital admission to general ward and intensive care unit (ICU) at the return visits.

Results
Patients receiving intravenous antibiotics at index visits had significantly higher risk—approximately two times—for hospital admission at the return visits than those did not (adjusted odds ratio = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.34–4.57, p = 0.004). For every 10 years increase in age, the likelihood for hospital admission increased by 38%. Other factors included abnormal respiratory rate and high C-reactive protein levels.

Conclusions
Intravenous antibiotic administration at the index visit was an independent risk factor for hospital admission at return visits in patients with an infection disease. Physicians should consider carefully before discharging patients receiving intravenous antibiotics.
Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Malay Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Authors: Ho Caryn-Ann , Yun Ling Jerri Chiu , Abdul Karim Samihah 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index from English to Malay, and to evaluate the measurement properties of the Malay version among Malay speakers with shoulder pain.

Methods
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Malay version of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) was conducted according to international guidelines. 260 participants (Shoulder pain = 130, No shoulder pain = 130) completed the M-SPADI, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and measurement of shoulder active range of motion (AROM). 54 participants repeated M-SPADI within a mean of 9.2 days.

Results
Cross-cultural adaptation of M-SPADI had no major issues. The M-SPADI had good face validity; item and scale content validity indexes (I-CVI, S-CVI) were >0.79 except for Disability Item 3 (I-CVI = 0.75), and exploratory factor analysis showed that M-SPADI had a bidimensional structure. There was a strong positive correlation between M-SPADI and NRS (rPain = 0.845, rDisability = 0.722, rTotal = 0.795, p <0.001) and a negative correlation between M-SPADI and shoulder AROM with the following correlation ranges (rPain = -0.316 to -0.637, rDisability = -0.419 to -0.708, rTotal = -0404 to -0.697, p<0.001). M-SPADI’s total score was higher in participants with shoulder pain (Mdn: 33.8, IQR = 37.3) compared to no shoulder pain (Mdn:0, IQR = 0.8) and the difference was statistically significant (U = 238.5, z = -13.89, p<0.001). M-SPADI had no floor or ceiling effects (floor/ceiling <15%), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s αPain = 0.914, Cronbach’s αDisability = 0.945) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCPain = 0.922, ICCDisability = 0.859, ICCTotal = 0.895).

Conclusion
M-SPADI has a bi-dimensional structure with no floor or ceiling effects, established face, content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. M-SPADI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Malay-speaking individuals with shoulder pain in clinical and research settings.
A low albumin level as a risk factor for transient severe motion artifact induced by gadoxetate disodium administration: A retrospective observational study with free-breathing dynamic MRI and an experimental study in rats
Authors: Sugiura Takumi , Okumura Kenichiro , Sasaki Motomitsu , Matsumoto Junichi , Ogi Takahiro , Yoneda Norihide , Kitao Azusa , Kozaka Kazuto , Koda Wataru , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
In the arterial phase of gadoxetate disodium administration for dynamic MRI, transient severe motion (TSM) sometimes occurs, making image evaluation difficult. This study was to identify risk factors for TSM in a clinical study, and confirm them and investigate the cause in an animal study.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center, observational study included patients who underwent dynamic MRI using gadoxetate disodium for the first time from April 2016 to September 2019 and free-breathing MRI was performed. Differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory tests between the presence and absence of TSM were examined. Animal experiments were conducted in 50 rats; gadoxetate disodium was injected into three sites (distal inferior vena cava (IVC), ascending aorta, and descending aorta) to identify the organ which triggers respiratory irregularities. Phosphate-buffered saline and gadopentetate dimeglumine were also injected into the distal IVC. In addition, to evaluate the effect of albumin, gadoxetate disodium was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline or 5% human serum albumin and injected into the ascending aorta. The time course of the respiratory rate was monitored and evaluated.

Results
20 of 51 (39.2%) patients showed TSM. On multivariable analysis, a low albumin level was an independent risk factor (P = .035). Gadoxetate disodium administration caused significant tachypnea compared to gadopentetate dimeglumine or PBS (an elevation of 16.6 vs 3.0 or 4.3 breaths/min; both P < .001) in rats. The starting time of tachypnea was earlier with injection into the ascending aorta than into the descending aorta (10.3 vs 17.9 sec; P < .001) and the distal IVC (vs 15.6 sec; P < .001). With dilution with albumin instead of phosphate-buffered saline, tachypnea was delayed and suppressed (9.9 vs 13.0 sec; P < .001, 24.1 vs 17.0 breaths/min; P = .031).

Conclusions
A low albumin level is a risk factor for TSM, which could be caused by the effect of gadoxetate disodium on the head and neck region.
Understanding the experience of veterans who require lower limb amputation in the veterans health administration
Authors: Leonard Chelsea , Sayre George , Williams Sienna , Henderson Alison , Norvell Daniel , Turner Aaron P. , Czerniecki Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
There is limited qualitative research on the experience of patients undergoing lower limb amputation due to chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and their participation in amputation-level decisions. This study was performed to understand patient lived experiences related to amputation and patient involvement in shared decision making.

Materials and methods
Phenomenological interviews were conducted with Veterans 6–12 months post transtibial or transmetatarsal amputation due to CLTI. Interviews were read and summarized by two analysts who discussed the contents of each interview and relationships between interviews to identify emergent, cross-cutting elements of patient experience.

Results
Twelve patients were interviewed between March and August 2019. Three cross cutting elements of patient lived experience and participation in shared decision making were identified: 1) Lacking a sense of decision making; 2) Actively working towards recovery as response to a perceived loss of independence; and 3) Experiencing amputation as a Veteran.

Conclusions
Patients did not report a high level of involvement in shared decision making about their amputation or amputation level. Understanding patient experiences and priorities is crucial to supporting shared decision making for Veterans with amputation due to CLTI.
Early supplemental parenteral nutrition for the achievement of nutritional goals in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: An observational cohort study
Authors: Kofler Mario , Beer Ronny , Marinoni Stephanie , Schiefecker Alois J. , Gaasch Maxime , Rass Verena , Lindner Anna , Lanosi Bogdan A. , Rhomberg Paul , Pfausler Bettina , Thomé Claudius , Stover John F. , Schmutzhard Erich , Helbok Raimund 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Enteral nutrition (EN) often fails to achieve nutritional goals in neurocritical care patients. We sought to investigate the safety and utility of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

Materials and methods
Data of 70 consecutive patients with non-traumatic SAH admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a tertiary referral center were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. We targeted the provision of 20–25 kilocalories per kilogram bodyweight per day (kcal/kg/d) by enteral nutrition. Supplemental PN was given when this target could not be reached. Nutritional data were analyzed for up to 14 days of ICU stay. Hospital complications were tested for associations with impaired enteral feeding. The amounts of EN and PN were tested for associations with the level of protein delivery and functional outcome. Repeated measurements within subjects were handled utilizing generalized estimating equations.

Results
Forty (27 women and 13 men) of 70 screened patients were eligible for the analysis. Median age was 61 (IQR 49–71) years, 8 patients (20%) died in the hospital. Thirty-six patients (90%) received PN for a median duration of 8 (IQR 4–12) days. The provision of 20 kcal/kg by EN on at least 1 day of ICU stay was only achieved in 24 patients (60%). Hydrocephalus (p = 0.020), pneumonia (p = 0.037) and sepsis (p = 0.013) were associated with impaired enteral feeding. Neither the amount nor the duration of PN administration was associated with an increased risk of severe complications or poor outcome. Supplemental PN was associated with significantly increased protein delivery (p<0.001). In patients with sepsis or pneumonia, there was an association between higher protein delivery and good functional outcome (p<0.001 and p = 0.031), but not in the overall cohort (p = 0.08).

Conclusions
Enteral feeding was insufficient to achieve nutritional goals in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Supplemental PN was safe and associated with increased protein delivery. A higher protein supply was associated with good functional outcome in patients who developed sepsis or pneumonia.
Study on the Composition of the Epiphytic Periphyton in the Gemenc Floodplain Area in Hungary
Authors: Mátrai Ildikó , Vida-Varga Éva , Lakatos Gyula 
Published: March 2022

The specific aspects of wetlands are fundamentally determined by the hydrological factors and the water-related living world. In the life of wetlands the flora has its different forms of life and its connection to the water decisive roles, which are of course the results of the evolutionary processes of long periods.
In this paper we give an outline about the ecological state of the macrophytes and epiphyton composition from the good state to the bad and polluted ones. It is known the degree of water supply and the water quality of the wetland determine primarily the potential vegetation and its structure. The Gemenc wetlands represent those values of the Danubian floodplains, that are the most significant, and are the mostly exposed to injuries. The aim of nature conversation is the maintenance of the now scattered remains of former wetlands, and as far as possible the reconstruction of the changed habitats. From the point of view of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is it an important and significant biological index, because the data of the examination of the peripyton can be effectively used for the determination and specification of the ecological state of the Nyéki-Holt-Danube, in Gemenc floodplain (wetland).
We collected plants like reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin,, great bulrush (Schoenoplectus lacustris L.), pondweed (Potamogeton lucens L.), and water-rose (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth) separately from the different sampling places for the epiphytic periphyton examination. The Non-Taxonomic Periphyton Index (NTPI) is the index number, that constitute of the non-taxonomic parameters of the periphyton (mass, content of ash, concentration of chlorophyll-a, AI, etc.), used relatively rapidly and professionally relevantly to evaluate the ecological state of waters. Our aim by the ecological state estimation of the Nyéki-Holt-Danube was to fix a basic state that we want to use as a reference-state under the evaluation of the effect of the further rehabilitation actions.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Lavryk A. S. , Kucheruk V. V. , Dmytrenko O. P. , Tereshkevych I. S. , Lytvynchuk H. M. , Razdobudko Yu. M. 
Published: March 2022

Aim. To study the prevalence and manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with morbid obesity based on endoscopic, X-ray findings and the function of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Materials and methods. The study involved 98 obese patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 55.6 ± 10.3 kg/m2. Of these, 30 were men (34.48 %) and 68 were women (65.52 %) aged 18–64 years, mean age – 42.3 ± 8.5. All the patients subsequently underwent fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophagomanometry, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, X-ray examination and bariatric surgery. The presence and severity of pathological gastroesophageal reflux were assessed using esophageal pH monitoring data based on the DeMeester score. In addition, the lower esophageal sphincter function was assessed, the number of refluxes and the duration of the longest reflux episode were calculated according to the data of esophagomanometry and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatPlus 2007 software package.
Results. In this paper, we studied the prevalence and manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in 98 obese patients. The mean BMI was 55.6 ± 10.3 kg/m2, the maximum was 72 kg/m2. GERD was diagnosed in 37 (37.76 %) patients, including 8 (8.16 %) patients with a hiatal hernia. The erosive form prevailed in the GERD pattern – in 24 (24.48 %) patients. In 32 (32.65 %) examined patients, pathological reflux was diagnosed during the daytime, especially after eating.
Conclusions. The study results indicate that 37.76 % of obese patients are diagnosed with GERD arising from anatomical features and function of the gastroesophageal junction with the predominance of erosive forms of GERD. The state of the gastroesophageal junction in obese patients should be considered when choosing the optimal bariatric or metabolic surgery.
Characteristics of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation
Authors: Popko S. S. , Yevtushenko V. M. , Zidrashko H. A. 
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work is to study morphometric characteristics and distribution of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation.
Materials and methods. We studied the distribution and quantitative changes of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical methods.
Results. The number of CD56-positive cells increased in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. The increase in the mean number of CD56-positive cells was found in the early period of allergic inflammation (on the 30th day, experimental group II) by 64.5 % (P*/** < 0.001) compared to the control group and by 56.4 % (P* < 0.01) compared to the 23rd day of examinations (experimental group I). The following increase in the mean number of CD56-positive cells by 60.2 % (P*/** < 0.001) was detected in group III compared to the 23rd day of the experiment (group I). However, the mean number of CD56-positive cells was shown to be decreased by 51.5 % (P*/** < 0.001) in group IV compared to the 36th experimental day (group III).
Conclusions. CD56-positive cells are located in the pulmonary interstitium. The number of CD56-positive cells is statistically significantly increased in group III in the late stages of the allergic inflammation indicating an active involvement of these cells in maintaining allergen-induced airway inflammation.