bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers
Authors: Takahara Kiyoshi , Miyatake Shin‐Ichi , Azuma Haruhito , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy is based on a nuclear reaction between the nonradioactive isotope boron‐10 and either low‐energy thermal neutrons or high‐energy epithermal neutrons, which generate high linear energy transfer α particles and a recoiled lithium nucleus (7Li) that selectively destroys the DNA helix in tumor cells. Boron neutron capture therapy is an emerging procedure aimed at improving the therapeutic ratio for the traditional treatment of various malignancies, which has been studied clinically in a variety of diseases, including glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, cutaneous melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and extramammary Paget’s disease. However, boron neutron capture therapy has not been clinically performed for urological cancers, excluding genital extramammary Paget's disease that appeared at the scrotum to penis area. In this review, we aimed to provide an updated summary of the current clinical literature of patients treated with boron neutron capture therapy and to focus on the future prospects of boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers.
The effects of antiracism education on intended confrontation of institutional discrimination: A game theory approach
Authors: Wedell Emma , Dickter Cheryl L. , Bravo Adrian J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConfrontation is an important mechanism to reduce racial prejudice. Yet, little research has examined White adults’ intended confrontation within the context of discriminatory policies that pose barriers to Black Americans seeking employment. Moreover, less research has investigated reactions to zero‐sum and negative‐sum anti‐Black institutional discrimination. The present study investigated the effects of an antiracism educational exercise on White adults’ intended confrontation of zero‐sum and negative‐sum institutional discrimination. Participants aged 20–85 years (n = 195; Mage = 54.16) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) antiracism education with writing reflection, (2) antiracism education alone, or (3) a control condition. Participants then reported how they would respond in situations that described zero‐sum (i.e., new hire recruitment exclusively from predominantly White institutions) and negative‐sum anti‐Black institutional discrimination (i.e., hairstyle discrimination). Participants in the antiracism education alone condition intended to confront more assertively in both scenarios compared to participants in the control condition. Across conditions, participants were more likely to intend to confront, and intended to confront more assertively, in the zero‐sum discrimination scenario than the negative‐sum discrimination scenario. We conclude that a brief antiracism education exercise may hold promise for increasing White adults’ assertive confrontation of institutional discrimination, but the effects may be contingent on whether a reflective writing task is included and the characteristics of the discriminatory policy.
Networked Health Cooperation in the European Union: Horizontal or Hierarchical?
Authors: Schrama Reini , Martinsen Dorte Sindbjerg , Mastenbroek Ellen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 crisis, European Union (EU) health policy has become high politics. Key parts of EU health cooperation have, however, long developed more discretely in European administrative networks (EANs) and become core building blocks in the institutional architecture of an EU health policy. In these networks, health experts interact regularly and, by doing so, pool key resources and develop common standards. However, are some network members more influential than others in defining the way forward, and if so, why? In this paper, we examine the structure of networked health cooperation in the case of health technology assessment (HTA), by means of unique survey data and social network analysis, employing exponential random graph models (ERGMs) for different types of interaction. A horizontal structure of interaction fosters cooperation by and for all, whereas a hierarchical structure allows certain members to set agendas and place themselves in a powerful position. We find that the network structure is indeed hierarchical, with some members constituting the core of the network based on their national HTA experience as well as external contact relations.
Prevalence and potential risk factors of chronic pruritus among community middle‐aged and older population in Beijing, China
Authors: Ju Y. , Pei H. , Kang N. , Zhang Y. , Zhang C. , Chen G. , Xie Z. , Wang D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic pruritus is a common problem among older adults, with a significant impact on their quality of life. However, it is under‐studied epidemiologically, especially among Chinese older adults.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and explore the risk factors of chronic pruritus among the middle‐aged and older adults in Beijing, China.MethodsA total of 929 participants aged ≥35 years from six communities in Beijing, China, were interviewed. The survey collected the demographic characteristics, the experience of chronic pruritus (>6 weeks), chronic disease history, the level of physical activities and sleep quality. A population‐based case–control study was conducted, including 178 chronic pruritus cases and 697 controls. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of chronic pruritus. Additionally, a random forest algorithm was used to rank the importance of potential risk factors and analyse the overall interpretation of risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic pruritus was 19.48% (181/929) among the Beijing middle‐aged and elderly population. The findings indicated that older adults aged 65 years old or above, male, with college or higher degree, alcohol drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease and osteoarthritis/rheumatism, and middle or low sleep quality were associated with the increased risk of chronic pruritus respectively. Physical activity level (≥3000 Met) was associated with a decreased risk of chronic pruritus. The rank according to the most contribution of chronic pruritus risk was sleep quality, education, physical activity level, osteoarthritis/rheumatism, age and gender.ConclusionPrevalence of chronic pruritus was high among the Chinese middle‐aged and elderly population. Age, gender, high education, alcohol drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease, osteoarthritis /rheumatism and poor sleep quality may serve as risk factors of chronic pruritus. Moderate and high physical activity levels may serve as protective factors of chronic pruritus risk.
Resilience of art cities to flood risk: A quantitative model based on depth‐idleness correlation
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Carraresi Andrea , Castelli Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCultural heritage (CH) is threatened by floods; however, the understanding of exposure and vulnerability is challenging and makes risk and resilience assessment rarely practiced. CH is crucial for post‐disaster resilience, especially when the local economy is based on tourism. The work presents a novel framework for evaluating flood resilience, indirect impacts, and associated risk in art cities. The exposure of CH is estimated using the number of visitors as a proxy variable for the social appreciation. A new depth‐idleness vulnerability function assigning a reopening time to flood depth is developed from post‐event reports. A resilience model is conceived to (i) describe the recovery dynamics, (ii) estimate the indirect impacts in terms of lost visitors to CH for different probabilistic scenarios, (iii) calculate risk, and (iv) identify mitigation actions. The application of the model to the art city of Florence (Italy), a UNESCO site visited by approximately 10 million people a year, shows that a medium recurrence interval flood requires a recovery time of 351 days and causes a loss of 10.5 million visitors. The annual average number of lost visitors is 88,000 approximately. Resilience can be increased by accelerating the reopening and by reinforcing the attractivity of the city.
Single‐item chronotype is associated with dim light melatonin onset in lymphoma survivors with fatigue
Authors: de Bruijn Linske , Starreveld Daniëlle E. J. , Schaapveld Michael , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. , Berentzen Nina E. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryChronotype is frequently assessed in human observational studies using various morningness–eveningness questionnaires. An alternative single‐item chronotype question has been proposed for its reduced administration time and its accessibility to all types of populations. We investigated whether this single‐item chronotype is associated with dim light melatonin onset, the “gold standard” for estimating the endogenous circadian phase. We used data from a randomised trial in 166 (non‐)Hodgkin lymphoma survivors with cancer‐related fatigue. All participants completed a questionnaire, including a single‐item chronotype question. A subsample of 47 participants also provided saliva samples before sleep onset for melatonin measurement. Using multiple linear regression, we examined whether chronotype based on a single question was associated with dim light melatonin onset. The subsample of 47 participants had a mean age of 44.6 years. The mean (SD) dim light melatonin onset was at 8:42 (1:19) p.m. and the most common chronotype was more evening than morning person (29.2%). A gradual increase in dim light melatonin onset with later chronotype (i.e. evening preference) was observed, with a mean ranging from 7:45 p.m. in definite morning persons to 9:16 p.m. in definite evening persons. Our study shows that single‐item chronotype is associated with dim light melatonin onset as a marker of the endogenous circadian phase of fatigued lymphoma survivors. This type of chronotype assessment can therefore be a useful alternative for more extensive morningness–eveningness questionnaires.
Impact of electrolyte solution on electrochemical oxidation treatment of Escherichia coli K-12 by boron-doped diamond electrodes
Authors: Budil Jakub , Szabó Ondrej , Lišková Petra , Štenclová Pavla , Izsák Tibor , Potocký Štěpán , Kromka Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We studied the disinfection efficacy of boron-doped electrodes on Escherichia coli-contaminated water-based solutions in three different electrolytes, physiological solution (NaCl), phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The effect of the electrochemical oxidation treatment on the bacteria viability was studied by drop and spread plate cultivation methods, and supported by optical density measurements. We have found that bacterial suspensions in NaCl and PBS underwent a total inactivation of all viable bacteria within 10 min of the electrochemical treatment. By contrast, experiments performed in the PB showed a relatively minor decrease of viability by two orders of magnitude after 2 h of the treatment, which is almost comparable with the untreated control. The enhanced bacterial inactivation was assigned to reactive chlorine species, capable of penetrating the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and killing bacteria from within.
Isolation, identification and virulence gene characterization of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Jin S. , Guan T. , Hu M. , Li W. , Liu Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Species of Aeromonas are ubiquitous pathogens of fish and aquatic animals and can infect humans and other animals through the food chain. However, there are few reports of marine mammalian infections. In 2020, a sea lion (Zalophus californianus) died acutely at an aquarium in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. In order to explore the cause of death, we dissected the animal and observed pathological changes. Ogans were aseptically collected and used for bacterial isolation and culture. This revealed that the sea lion had died of sepsis caused by a bacterial infection. Isolated bacteria were investigated by morphology, biochemical phenotype and molecular identification, and this determined the pathogen as A. dhakensis. The isolate contained six virulence genes, hlyA, aerA, act, lafA, ela, fla, and was susceptible to most antibiotics. This is the first report of A. dhakensis associated with septicaemia in pinnipeds and a description of its virulence and resistance profiles. Its presence in aquatic environments poses a potential threat to marine mammals.
Shifts in composition of fish species of fishery in Lake Naivasha, Kenya: Trend implications for fishing effort, yields and revenue
Authors: Morara George N. , Getabu Albert M. , Njiru James M. , Omondi Reuben , Mutie Alice , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssessing fisheries resource composition and exploitation trends is vital for the sustainable management of fish stocks. Accordingly, the present study analysed datasets of fish catches and market values from 1991 to 2019, and from 2004 to 2019, respectively, to determine shifts and trends in fish species composition, fishing effort, fish yield and revenue. The annual percentage weight composition and relative biomass of different fish species in the lake were calculated over the study period. Fishery time series data comprised fishing effort, fish yield, catch per unit effort (CPUE), revenue and revenue per unit effort (RPUE). Moving average (MA) trends at 5‐year intervals were plotted and the Mann–Kendall (MK) method applied to detect trends at the 95% confidence limit. The results identified shifts in fish species composition during various periods, with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus comprising 94% of the total weight of fish landed in 2019, with an overall mean relative biomass of 4221.4 ± 2229.7 kg/km2. The mean total fish catch (1683.5 ± 420 ton/year), CPUE (10.6 ± 2.0 ton/boat/year) and modal effort (176 boats) were highest from 2014 to 2019 period. The fishery revenue increased in 2019 (US$ 4,096,490) with a RPUE of US$ 22,263.5/boat/year. The fishing effort, fish yields, CPUE, revenue and RPUE trends increased significantly (p < .01), likely being related to the shifts in species composition. Lake Naivasha is a learning model for improving fisheries management and yields through stock enhancement interventions. Nevertheless, the increasing level of fishing effort warrants a precautionary approach to ensure sustainability of the fishery resource.
You Are What Your Mother Endured: Intergenerational Epigenetics, Early Caregiving, and the Temporal Embedding of Adversity
Authors: Lappé Martine , Jeffries Hein Robbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental epigenetics has become a site of growing attention related to the intergenerational effects of stress, trauma, and adversity. This article draws on a multi‐sited ethnography of epigenetic knowledge production in the United States and Canada to document how scientists conceptualize, model, and measure these experiences and their effects on children's neurodevelopmental and behavioral health. We find that scientists’ efforts to identify the molecular effects of stress, trauma, and adversity results in a temporal focus on the mother–child dyad during early life. This has the effect of biologizing early childhood adversity, positioning it as a consequence of caregiving, and producing epigenetic findings that often align with individually oriented interventions rather than social and structural change. Our analysis suggests that epigenetic models of stress, trauma, and adversity therefore situate histories of oppression, inequality, and subjugation in discrete and gendered family relations, resulting in the temporal embedding of adversity during early life.
Maternal offloading of arsenic and other trace elements in Peruvian fur seals
Authors: Kooyomjian Catherine , Giarikos Dimitrios G. , Adkesson Michael J. , Hirons Amy C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe maternal transfer of 15 elements was examined in Peruvian fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) dam and pup paired vibrissae (whiskers), serum, and milk samples collected from 2009 to 2019. Pup vibrissae, grown in utero, represented gestational transfer, while milk represented lactational transfer. Element concentrations, except arsenic, were highest in vibrissae compared to serum and milk for both dams and pups. Mean arsenic concentrations in pup vibrissae (0.44 μg/g) and milk (0.41 μg/g) were twice as high as dam vibrissae concentrations (0.19 μg/g) and nearly ten times higher than dam (0.06 μg/g) and pup serum (0.04 μg/g) concentrations. Mean arsenic concentrations from 2011 to 2019 increased in dam vibrissae (0.026 μg/g to 0.262 μg/g) and milk (0.361 μg/g to 0.484 μg/g). Pup vibrissae had significantly higher concentrations for 11 of the 15 elements analyzed compared to dam vibrissae, suggesting that element transfer is occurring through recent exposure and remobilization of elements from dam body stores. Potentially high concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, copper, and lead in pup tissues may impact their survival and population health. The impact of regional mining activities can contribute to elevated trace elements through runoff and pose a possible threat to local marine environments.
Emergent L2 Grammars in and for Social Interaction: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: PEKAREK DOEHLER SIMONA , ESKILDSEN SØREN W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSetting the stage for the central themes and the articles in this special issue, this introduction delineates the epistemological confluences, complementarities, and differences among conversation analysis (CA), on the one hand, and 2 strands of usage‐based linguistics, on the other—namely, usage‐based second‐language acquisition (SLA) and interactional linguistics. This implies depicting how an increased interest in actual usage within the field of linguistics, including usage‐based SLA, has converged with the basic assumptions in CA and interactional linguistics: (a) Language use is primordially and primarily situated in social interaction, and (b) language emerges out of social interaction. We scrutinize the grounds for combining the 3 frameworks for investigating second language development, illustrate such combination through the discussion of some of the rare existing studies that integrate these frameworks, and argue for the need to develop the methodological combinations further in order to move toward an ecologically more valid understanding of how language develops out of language use. On that basis, and additionally drawing on the individual contributions to the special issue, we then outline some implications for L2 education.
The symptom burden of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in tertiary care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Noble Hithin , Hasan Syed Shariq , Whorwell Peter J. , Vasant Dipesh H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruption to healthcare services worldwide with well‐documented detrimental effects on mental health. Patients with refractory disorders of gut‐brain interaction such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) seen in tertiary care tend to exhibit higher levels of psychological comorbidity, but the impact of the pandemic on IBS symptom severity in tertiary care is unknown.MethodsAs part of routine clinical care, consecutive tertiary referrals with refractory IBS patients prospectively completed a series of baseline questionnaires including IBS symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS), non‐colonic symptom score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), and Illness impact scores. The symptom severity questionnaire data were compared for consecutive patients seen in tertiary care 12 months before and after the onset of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions.Key ResultsOf 190 consecutive tertiary referrals with IBS, those seen during the pandemic had greater IBS severity (IBS‐SSS: 352 vs. 318,p = 0.03), more severe extra‐intestinal symptoms (non‐colonic score: 269 vs. 225,p = 0.03), sleep difficulties (p = 0.03), helplessness and loss of control (p = 0.02), but similar HAD‐Anxiety (p = 0.96) and HAD‐Depression (p = 0.84) scores. During the pandemic, unmarried patients (p = 0.03), and keyworkers (p = 0.0038) had greater IBS severity.Conclusions and InferencesThis study has shown for the first time that patients seen in tertiary care with refractory IBS during the COVID‐19 pandemic had a significantly higher symptom burden emphasizing the importance of gut‐brain axis in IBS. Furthermore, lack of support and perceived loss of control appear to be contributory factors.
Does Competition Increase or Decrease Price Dispersion? Insights from One‐Way vs. Round‐Trip Airfares*
Authors: Kim Myongjin , Shen Leilei , Ge Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDoes competition increase or decrease price dispersion? Our study addresses this long‐standing debate by presenting an intriguing empirical puzzle. Specifically, leveraging an extended panel from the U.S. airline industry between 1993 and 2013, we find that competition intensity and price dispersion are positively correlated for one‐way tickets but negatively correlated for round‐trip products. We posit that the recent growth in one‐way ticket sales may have led airlines to adjust their pricing strategies to allow for more effective market segmentation. Our study contributes to the empirical literature on price dispersion across multiple goods and helps inform antitrust policy on product bundling.
Lateral Malleolus Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in Children: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Long Zuo‐Yao , Lu Yajie , Chen Guojing , Li Minghui , Huang Mengquan , Xiao Xin , Wang Zhen , Li Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric reconstruction of lateral malleolus was necessary and challengeable. Up to now, vascularized fibular was the optimal graft to reconstruct epiphyseal defection. However, the sophisticated microvascular operation has limited the wide application of this technique.Case PresentationWe present the case of a 9‐year‐old boy with Ewing sarcoma in left distal fibula. In order to restore the growth capacity, we used reverse‐flow vascularized fibular epiphyseal graft with tibialis anterior artery to reconstruct the bone defect after tumor resection with no microvascular anastomosis. More than 4 years after the operation and adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient was free of pain and recurrence, and the function and stability of ankle joint was perfect. Radiology examination revealed satisfied bony union of fibula and normal growth of the fibular head transplant.ConclusionsThe advantage of reverse‐flow vascularized fibular epiphyseal graft is requiring no microvascular anastomosis which could not only shorten operating time, but also reduce factitious damage of vessels. This report presented that this technique might be an available option for reconstruction of lateral malleolus in children.