bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of the Ulna-to-fibula Ratio to Baseline and Reactive Steroid Hormone Levels: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Köllner Martin G. , Braun Sinja , Schöttner Hanna , Dlugash Gelena , Bettac Marlene , Steib Simon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Organizational hormone effects on the human brain and behavior are often retrospectively assessed via morphological markers of prenatal (e.g., 2D:4D digit ratio) or pubertal (e.g., facial width-to-height ratio, fWHR) hormone exposure. It has been argued that markers should relate to circulating hormones particularly in challenging, dominance/status-relevant situations. However, meta-analytic research indicates that fWHR, a frequently used pubertal marker, is neither reliably sex-dimorphic nor related to steroid hormones. This casts doubt on fWHR’s validity for reflecting hormone levels. Ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR), an alternative, long-bone-length-based pubertal marker, is sex-dimorphic and associated with dominance motivation. However, its hormonal associations were never tested before. We therefore explored UFR’s relationships to baseline and reactive hormone levels.

Methods
We measured ulna and fibula length as well as shoulder/waist/hip circumference of 81 participants (49 women; after exclusions) via anthropometry. Salivary hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone) at baseline and after a gross-motor one-on-one balancing contest were measured via radioimmunoassay.

Results
We replicated UFR’s dimorphism, unrelatedness to height, and correlations to other putative markers of organizational hormone effects. On an exploratory basis, we found UFR to be related to overall baseline testosterone and to competition-induced reactive surges in steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone) overall and in women.

Conclusions
Our results hint at UFR’s relationship to baseline testosterone and may indicate functional connections between outcomes of pubertal organizational hormone effects and contest-induced steroid reactivity. Pubertal organizational hormone effects may prepare the endocrine system for dominance and status contests. However, the small sample and the exploratory nature of our research demands replication.
CNN coal and rock recognition method based on hyperspectral data
Authors: Yang Jianjian , Chang Boshen , Zhang Yuchen , Luo Wenjie , Ge Shirong , Wu Miao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem of coal gangue identification in the current fully mechanized mining face and coal washing, this article proposed a convolution neural network (CNN) coal and rock identification method based on hyperspectral data. First, coal and rock spectrum data were collected by a near-infrared spectrometer, and then four methods were used to filter 120 sets of collected data: first-order differential (FD), second-order differential (SD), standard normal variable transformation (SNV), and multi-style smoothing. The coal and rock reflectance spectrum data were pre-processed to enhance the intensity of spectral reflectance and absorption characteristics, as well as effectively remove the spectral curve noise generated by instrument performance and environmental factors. A CNN model was constructed, and its advantages and disadvantages were judged based on the accuracy of the three parameter combinations (i.e., the learning rate, the number of feature extraction layers, and the dropout rate) to generate the best CNN classifier for the hyperspectral data for rock recognition. The experiments show that the recognition accuracy of the one-dimensional CNN model proposed in this paper reaches 94.6%. Verification of the advantages and effectiveness of the method were proposed in this article.
Surface coal mining impacts on land use change and ecological service value: a case study in Shengli coalfield, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Lijia , Zhou Xu , Zhou Yan , Zhou Ji , Guo Jiwang , Zhai Zihan , Chen Yan , Su Xiangyan , Ying Lingxiao , Wang Liwei , Qiao Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoal plays a crucial role in global economic development and remains the most common and widely distributed fossil fuel worldwide. As the world's largest developing country, China's mining and utilization of coal resources have contributed significantly to the country’s rapid economic growth. Inner Mongolia is an ecologically fragile arid and semi-arid area of China. The exploitation of opencast mining has seriously hindered the sustainable use of regional land and the residents' well-being. Using ENVI-based remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, this study employed a random forest algorithm to divide land utilization types into construction land, vegetation, cultivated land, bare land, and water areas and analyzed the characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value changes over the past 20 years. The results were as follows: (1) Construction land in the mining area changed minimally from 2000 to 2020; vegetation and water bodies showed a decreasing trend, whereas bare and cultivated lands showed an increasing trend. Bare land exhibited the largest change in area proportion and water bodies the smallest. (2) The total ecosystem service value of the mining area declined from 10.939 to 9.527 billion Yuan. Vegetation ecosystem service value was the highest, followed by cultivated land and water, with the bare land ecosystem service value the lowest. (3) On a spatial scale, the total ecosystem service value of the Shengli mining area decreased year by year, indicating that land use changes in the mining area do have an impact on ecosystem service value.
Carbon Footprint and Energy Transformation Analysis of Steel Produced via a Direct Reduction Plant with an Integrated Electric Melting Unit
Authors: Suer Julian , Ahrenhold Frank , Traverso Marzia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe production of flat steel products is commonly linked to highly integrated sites, which include hot metal generation via the blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace (BOF), continuous casting, and subsequent hot-rolling. In order to reach carbon neutrality a shift away from traditional carbon-based metallurgy is required within the next decades. Direct reduction (DR) plants are capable to support this transition and allow even a stepwise reduction in CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the implementation of these DR plants into integrated metallurgical plants includes various challenges. Besides metallurgy, product quality, and logistics, special attention is given on future energy demand. On the basis of carbon footprint methodology (ISO 14067:2019) different scenarios of a stepwise transition are evaluated and values of possible CO2equivalent (CO2eq) reduction are coupled with the demand of hydrogen, electricity, natural gas, and coal. While the traditional blast furnace—BOF route delivers a surplus of electricity in the range of 0.7 MJ/kg hot-rolled coil; this surplus turns into a deficit of about 17 MJ/kg hot-rolled coil for a hydrogen-based direct reduction with an integrated electric melting unit. On the other hand, while the product carbon footprint of the blast furnace-related production route is 2.1 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil; this footprint can be reduced to 0.76 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil for the hydrogen-related route, provided that the electricity input is from renewable energies. Thereby the direct impact of the processes of the integrated site can even be reduced to 0.15 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil. Yet, if the electricity input has a carbon footprint of the current German or European electricity grid mix, the respective carbon footprint of hot-rolled coil even increases up to 3.0 kg CO2eq/kg hot-rolled coil. This underlines the importance of the availability of renewable energies.
Graphical Abstract
Body Esteem Explains the Relationship Between Mindful Eating and Self-Compassion: a Mediation Analysis
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Harding-Jones Georgia , Hussain Misba , Wood Jeffrey , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Research illustrates that high levels of self-compassion are associated with individuals eating in a mindful way. Previous research focusing upon emotional eating behaviours has suggested that body esteem is a mechanism that links self-compassion to eating behaviours, whilst mindful eating relates negatively to emotional eating and displays another, more adaptive way of eating. The present research explored whether body esteem could explain (i.e. mediate) the relationship between mindful eating and self-compassion. Two hundred participants were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between mindful eating, self-compassion, and body esteem. The present study highlights a positive correlation between mindful eating and body esteem, with a mediation effect being observed for mindful eating on self-compassion via the appearance subscale of body esteem. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed further with an emphasis on the need for more empirical work. In addition, suggestions are provided regarding the inclusion of body esteem within weight management interventions focusing upon mindful eating and self-compassion.
Leafwise quasigeodesic foliations in dimension three and the funnel property
Authors: CHANDA ANINDYA , FENLEY SÉRGIO R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe construct one-dimensional foliations which are subfoliations of two-dimensional foliations in$3$-manifolds. The subfoliation is by quasigeodesics in each two-dimensional leaf, but it is not funnel: not all quasigeodesics share a common ideal point in most leaves.
On genus one mirror symmetry in higher dimensions and the BCOV conjectures
Authors: Eriksson Dennis , Freixas i Montplet Gerard , Mourougane Christophe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mathematical physicists Bershadsky–Cecotti–Ooguri–Vafa (BCOV) proposed, in a seminal article from 1994, a conjecture extending genus zero mirror symmetry to higher genera. With a view towards a refined formulation of the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem, we offer a mathematical description of the BCOV conjecture at genus one. As an application of the arithmetic Riemann–Roch theorem of Gillet–Soulé and our previous results on the BCOV invariant, we establish this conjecture for Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in projective spaces. Our contribution takes place on the B-side, and together with the work of Zinger on the A-side, it provides the first complete examples of the mirror symmetry program in higher dimensions. The case of quintic threefolds was studied by Fang–Lu–Yoshikawa. Our approach also lends itself to arithmetic considerations of the BCOV invariant, and we study a Chowla–Selberg type theorem expressing it in terms of special

$\Gamma $

-values for certain Calabi–Yau manifolds with complex multiplication.
Cycles of many lengths in Hamiltonian graphs
Authors: Bucić Matija , Gishboliner Lior , Sudakov Benny 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 1999, Jacobson and Lehel conjectured that, for

$k \geq 3$

, every k-regular Hamiltonian graph has cycles of

$\Theta (n)$

many different lengths. This was further strengthened by Verstraëte, who asked whether the regularity can be replaced with the weaker condition that the minimum degree is at least

$3$

. Despite attention from various researchers, until now, the best partial result towards both of these conjectures was a

$\sqrt {n}$

lower bound on the number of cycle lengths. We resolve these conjectures asymptotically by showing that the number of cycle lengths is at least

$n^{1-o(1)}$

.
Montessori in India: Adapted, Competing, and Contested Framings, 1915–2021
Authors: Debs Mira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe long history of Montessori education in India dates to 1915, and it was expanded through Maria and Mario Montessori's work in India between 1939 to 1946 and 1947 to 1949. The article characterizes a century of Montessori education in India as a series ofadapted, competing, and contested framingswith key disputes over Montessori education's intended purpose, audience, and how much it could be adapted. First, from 1915 to 1939, Montessori education was connected to the Indian independence movement as nation-building education, but it was eclipsed by a parallel rise of elite, private Montessori schools, a framing reinforced by Maria Montessori's insistence on fidelity to her method. Starting in the 1950s, other Indian educators adapted Montessori for poor children, an emphasis that continues today with government and foundation-funded schools. Finally, in the last thirty years, India's new middle class has driven demand for early childhood education, leading to branded Montessori franchises, some bearing little resemblance to Montessori's original pedagogy.
The “Aliens” in Post-Yugoslav Cinema
Authors: Jaugaitė Rimantė 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research explores how the post-Yugoslav film-makers, in particular Nebojša Slijepčević, Goran Dević, and Srđan Keča, investigate the dilemma of ethnic identity and face the cultural division in the post-conflict societies. The article aims to discuss cinematic representations of theotherand conduct a deeper textual analysis of the filmSrbenka(2018), in comparison toAfter the War(2006) andImported Crows(2004). Also, the article bridges the gap between more conceptual literature on transnational cinema (Stephen Crofts, Steven Rawle, Saša Vojković), nationalism studies (Benedict Anderson, Rogers Brubaker, V.P. (Chip) Gagnon Jr.), as well as history (Tara Zahra) and more empirical analysis providing examples from the contemporary post-Yugoslav cinema. Therefore, the article demonstrates how applying theories from different disciplines enrich film analysis when investigating theotherness.
Risk of repeated suicide attempt after redeeming prescriptions for antidepressants: a register-based study in Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Sarah Grube , Larsen Christina Petrea , Stenager Elsebeth , Christiansen Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear how SSRIs and other antidepressants are associated with the risk of repeated suicide attempts. We aimed to analyse the association between redeemed antidepressant prescriptions and the risk of repeated suicide attempts, hypothesising that antidepressant treatment is associated with increased risk of repeated suicide attempts.MethodsThe study was based on Danish register data and a validated cohort of 1842 suicide attempts. We used three Cox regression models (crude, adjusted and propensity score matched) to analyse the data; these models included both static and dynamic time-dependent factors.Results1842 individuals attempted suicide in the study period, with a total of 210 repeated attempts. Individuals redeeming antidepressant prescriptions were more likely to repeat a suicide attempt. All crude models showed all antidepressants to be significant risk factors (HR around 1.39), whereas all adjusted models showed all antidepressants to be insignificant risk factors.ConclusionWe found no significant increased risk of repeated suicide attempts in individuals redeeming a prescription for any antidepressant (or only SSRIs) when considering the individuals' baseline risk of repetition. This study is based on validated suicide attempts, register data, and strong epidemiology designs, but it still has some limitations, and the results should be replicated and confirmed in other studies.
Respecting equality in economic option appraisal: valuing the time of your life
Authors: Franklin Donald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEven where willingness-to-pay as a measure of welfare impact is adjusted for diminishing marginal utility, welfare economics is shown to favour policies that add to the life expectancy or that enhance the quality of life of persons who are already better-off. I propose an alternative, Equal Respect methodology, under an axiomatic claim that at the point of decision the prospective life years of all individuals are of equal intrinsic social value. This justifies equal valuation of risk mitigation across all persons; similarly, all appraised impacts should be scaled to accord equal respect to difficult but no-less-valuable lives.
Bringing order to chaos: Research on Easy Swedish
Authors: Arle Solveig , Frondén Carina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the early establishment of Easy Language in Sweden in the 1960s and a growing interest in producing Easy Language materials, linguistic research on Easy Swedish remains scarce. This literature review aims to describe how Easy Swedish has been understood in previous research, bringing together a wide range of perspectives and approaches. Applying a meta-narrative method, we investigate terms and definitions, descriptions of the target group, and ideologies, discourses, and values that justify Easy Language. Our results show an exclusive focus on written language and use of the termlättläst(Easy to Read), and a lack of a universal definition of the term. The results also show general agreement on the heterogeneity of the target group. Controversy arises from different perspectives on reading as well as the breadth of the concept, and the conceptualisation of Easy Swedish varies depending on the aims, discipline, and studied material.
Legal status of abiotic resources in outer space: Appropriability, ownership, and access
Authors: Su Jinyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHumankind’s exploration and use of outer space are first and foremost limited by the obligation of non-appropriation. This prohibition, with an aim to prevent conflicts arising from competing territorial claims, does not extend to the exploitation of abiotic resources in space. Recent state practice has shown a clear trend of regarding such exploitation as a freedom of exploration and use of outer space. The future international legal regime should prohibit property claims over natural resources in place on celestial bodies, avoid the controversial issue of ownership, co-ordinate the resource activities of different entities by a stage-specific and priority-right-based mechanism, and harden the obligations of capacity-building and co-operation. The ideas of parallel system and monetary benefit sharing should not be discarded although resistance from major space-faring countries is foreseeable.
Hidden Desires: A Unified Strategy for Defending the Desire-Satisfaction Theory
Authors: Yu Xiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccording to the desire-satisfaction theory of well-being, your life goes well to the extent that your desires are satisfied. This theory faces the problem of prudential neutrality: it apparently cannot avoid saying that, from the point of view of prudence or self-interest, you ought to be neutral between satisfying an existing desire of yours and replacing it with an equally strong desire and satisfying the new desire. It also faces the problem of remote desires: it regards as directly relevant to your well-being even desires whose objects are intuitively too irrelevant to (or ‘remote’ from) your life to affect your welfare. In this article, I argue that desire theorists can answer both objections by appealing to hidden desires – ones that it is psychologically realistic to attribute to the agents in the cases on which the two problems are based, even though they are not mentioned in descriptions of those cases.
Examining reaction time variability on the stop-signal task in the ABCD study
Authors: Epstein Jeffery N. , Karalunas Sarah L. , Tamm Leanne , Dudley Jonathan A. , Lynch James D. , Altaye Mekibib , Simon John O. , Maloney Thomas C. , Atluri Gowtham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:Reaction time variability (RTV) has been estimated using Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and diffusion model (DM) indices. Rarely have studies examined interrelationships among these performance indices in childhood, and the use of reaction time (RT) computational models has been slow to take hold in the developmental psychopathology literature. Here, we extend prior work in adults by examining the interrelationships among different model parameters in the ABCD sample and demonstrate how computational models of RT can clarify mechanisms of time-on-task effects and sex differences in RTs.Method:This study utilized trial-level data from the stop signal task from 8916 children (9–10 years old) to examine Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and DM indicators of RTV. In addition to describing RTV patterns, we examined interrelations among these indicators, temporal patterns, and sex differences.Results:There was no one-to-one correspondence between DM and ex-Gaussian parameters. Nonetheless, drift rate was most strongly associated with standard deviation of RT and tau, while nondecisional processes were most strongly associated with RT, mu, and sigma. Performance worsened across time with changes driven primarily by decreasing drift rate. Boys were faster and less variable than girls, likely attributable to girls’ wide boundary separation.Conclusions:Intercorrelations among model parameters are similar in children as has been observed in adults. Computational approaches play a crucial role in understanding performance changes over time and can also clarify mechanisms of group differences. For example, standard RT models may incorrectly suggest slowed processing speed in girls that is actually attributable to other factors.
Seasonal and Diurnal Dynamics of Radio Noise for 8–20 MHz Poleward‐Oriented Mid‐Latitude Radars
Authors: Berngardt O. I. , St‐ Maurice J.‐P. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Marchaudon A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on ray tracing in a smooth ionosphere described by the IRI‐2012 model we have inferred the seasonal‐diurnal dynamics of radio noise observed by four mid‐latitude high‐frequency (HF) radars. In the calculations, noise is assumed to be homogeneous and stationary, but the main contribution comes from the radar skip zone boundary due to focusing radiowaves effect. Noise absorption along the ray path is simulated from the IRI‐2012 electron density, and from the molecular nitrogen density and electron temperatures obtained from the NRLMSISE‐00 model. Earth magnetic field is not taken into account both in the absorption and ray‐tracing calculations due to insufficient accuracy of the ionospheric model. The model results are compared with experimental radar data, and good agreement between the two is demonstrated. It is shown that experimentally observed seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the noise correlates well with model predictions. We demonstrated saturation effect at low noise levels. The model makes it possible to estimate the amount of absorption in D‐ and E‐layers using noise observations at SuperDARN and SuperDARN‐like poleward‐oriented radars, especially at mid‐latitudes. This is important for the retrieval of long term variations in the electron density in the lower ionosphere, by using wide coverage provided by these radars' network. The model also makes it feasible to interpret vertical absorption by experimental noise observations, thereby significantly expanding the capability of HF radars to monitor the lower ionosphere, and to provide data for joint analysis with other data, obtained by these radars at E‐ and F‐layer heights.