bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of quantum transport and local density of states in a graphene strip connected to a square lattice
Authors: Rostampour Elnaz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We theoretically express quantum transport at Dirac points via graphene quantum billiard as a non-magnetic material to connect metallic leads. Our results indicate that the quantum billiard of graphene is similar to a resonant tunneling device. The centerpiece size and the Fermi energy of the graphene quantum billiard play an important role in resonant tunneling. In graphene, a change of carrier density can affect plasmon polaritons. At the Dirac point, the conductivity of graphene depends on the geometry, so that the conduction of the evanescent modes is close to the theoretical value of 4e2/πh (where Planck's constant and the electron charge are denoted by h and e, respectively.). This transport property can be used to justify chaotic quantum systems and ballistic transistors. Our theoretical results demonstrate that the local density of state of the graphene sheet for \({ϵ}_{L}={ϵ}_{R}=0\) is larger than \({ϵ}_{L}={ϵ}_{R}=t\) (where \({ϵ}_{L}\))\({ϵ}_{R}\)( is onsite energy of the left (right) metallic lead) unlike the current obtained from the calculations.
Spheroid culture models imitating the tumor microenvironment of renal and melanoma cancer
Authors: Filipiak Aleksandra , Klaudia Brodaczewska , Aleksandra Majewska , Claudine Kieda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tumor development studies should adapt to the cancer cells specific mechanisms in connection with their microenvironment. Standard two-dimensional (2D) cultures and gas composition are not relevant to the real cancer environment. Existing three-dimensional (3D) models are often requiring sophisticated conditions. Two cancer models were chosen: melanoma (B16F10) and kidney cancer (RenCa). We proposed and characterized a 3D culture method, reporting the presence of hypoxia-related genes/proteins and aggressiveness mechanism (EMT-Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and CSC-Cancer Stem Cells). We validate the proposed 3D method by comparing it with in vivo obtained tumors. We designed method which brings simplicity and reproducibility of the data. Melanoma spheroid-growing cells reached a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and showed induction of hypoxia. Spheroid-recovered RenCa cells were enriched in proliferating cells and displayed delayed hypoxia. A comparable response to hypoxia was observed in 3D spheroids and in vivo tumors for both lines. 3D induced CSC characters in RCC whereas EMT-related mechanisms occurred in the melanoma model. Such distinction in the use of separate aggressiveness-leading pathways was observed in in vivo melanoma vs kidney tumors. 3D models help mimic some features of the corresponding in vivo tumors such as hypoxia and aggressiveness mechanisms. We showed that these two cell models use distinct mechanisms to reach aggressiveness: epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSC) by B16F10 and RenCa cells, respectively. These data on aggressiveness pathways and reaction to hypoxia confirm and validate the proposed 3D models for further design of alternative methods to in vivo studies.
A Novel methodology for planning of charging infrastructure in the scenario of high EV penetration
Authors: Verma Mandhir Kumar , Mukherjee Vivekananda , Yadav Vinod Kumar , Ghosh Santosh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article presents a novel methodology for distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) considering the inclusion of electric vehicles (EV), especially, electric bus (EB) charging loads. The proposed methodology addresses network congestion through an optimum time of charging, cost optimization, new charging infrastructure, and minimization of losses under a set of technical and physical constraints, which represents practical uncertainties. Along with load flow analysis, selection of the number of ports and technology at the host charging station is obtained through the application of response surface methodology. The proposed methodology provides a coordinated planning for the development of EB charging station infrastructure that takes into account the effects of both the power dispersion framework and transportation framework. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is investigated by applying it on 69-node IEEE modified distribution test system considering three charging technologies viz. fast charging, ultra-fast charging, and battery swapping. The results of the proposed model are compared with the direct statistical method and it revealed that the right selection of technology for EB charging and the right planning of the charging infrastructure can effectively optimize the cost of EV charging infrastructure and thereby catalyze the decarbonization of the transportation sector.
A new low complexity bus travel time estimator for fleet management system
Authors: Alizade Emad , Hendessi Ali , Hendessi Faramarz , Hashemi Massoud Reza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Improving the experience of using the public transportation system canbe done by estimating the arrival time of the bus and notifying thepassengers. Consequently, the accuracy of the estimation affects thisexperience. As the number of buses, stations, and service areas increases,the data collected in the cloud makes travel time estimation-relateddata processing more challenging. Despite this challenge, a distributedmethod for estimating the arrival time of the bus is considered in thispaper. Also, we present a way to decentralize data processing and distributeit on each bus. Besides, using the Kalman filter and updating theestimated values at short intervals improves the estimation error. Examinationof the degree of complexity shows that the proposed methodhas significantly reduced the complexity in the cloud, which makesthe proposed method implementable in metropolitan areas. The implementationresults on a dataset show that the proposed method has agood performance in terms of mean square error and root mean square.
The Potential of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Peels as an Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Dieudonne Onguene , Nguefack Julienne , Lekagne Joseph Blaise Dongmo , Daboy Charles Dakole , Mangoumou Ghislaine Ndonkeu 
Published: February 2022

Cassava peels are in large quantity and practically of no economic value in many developing nations such as Cameroon, where cassava is widely consumed and processed far beyond other crops. Cassava peels might be used in those countries to face declining soil fertility and soil erosion. This study aimed to evaluate the composting of cassava peels and the effect of the increasing quantity of cassava peels in the bin during the process of composting and to assess some physico-chemical qualities, biological properties and the phytotoxicity of the produced composts. After three months of composting the produced composts (C1; C2; C3 and C4) had a dark brown color, relatively dry, uniform structure and its texture were similar to the soil's texture. The electrical conductivity of the various composts was in between 1499 and 1924 µS.cm-1. The pH (6.50-6.73), was slightly acid, favorable for the cultivation of sweet pepper. The composts were rich in minerals (Mg2+; Ca2+; K+; and Na+) and poor in heavy metals such as (Cu, Zn and Mn). The composts C/N ratios were between 13.15 to 13.42. The produced composts showed a germination index and the rate of germination higher than 80% at all amounts, indicating the absence of phytotoxicity. The increased amounts of cassava peels did not alter the process of composting and increased the fungal and bacterial populations. In conclusion, cassava peels are good substrates that can be used to produce stable and inclusive organic fertilizers, with high nutrient content, and less hazardous material which could be used in farms to remediate declining soil fertility and to promote sustainable agriculture.
Hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins in Iraq under a changing climate
Authors: Saeed F. H. , Al-Khafaji M. S. , Al-Faraj F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An assessment of the total hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins to various scenarios of climate change by considering evapotranspiration, streamflow, and snowmelt is essential for sustainable management of water resources. The Diyala River Basin in Iraq has been chosen as a typical case study of dozens of river basins in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, the Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (CUP) were used to evaluate the total response by considering three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs); RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 over three periods, 2021–2040, 2041–2061, and 2061–2080. The results indicate that by the year 2080, the basin will experience a temperature increase by 6.6, 10.1, and 16.6% for RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5, respectively. The corresponding reduction in precipitation will be 3.2, 6.4, and 8.7%, resulting in 38.8, 47.9, and 52.8% fall in streamflow for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. Due to the increase in temperature, an earlier and less contribution of snowmelt is expected in the projected streamflow. Our findings provide a useful reference and a guide to decision makers for developing adaption plans to sustainably manage water resources in the Diyala River Basin and other similar basins in arid and semi-arid regions.
Research on Automatic Detection of Microelectrodes Based on Machine
Vision Technology
Authors: Xiong Qiuju , Qi Mingzhen , Shu Tong , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Microfabrication has gradually become a hot spot in the manufacturing
industry in recent years, and in the process of microfabrication, the processing of microelectrodes is
very important. The precision and error control of the microelectrodes play a vital role in the final
machining results. Based on digital image processing technology and Matlab software, this paper
designs a microelectrode automatic measurement system. Through preprocessing and image segmentation
of the microelectrode image, the electrode size can be obtained quickly. Compared with
the size measured by the microscope, the detection size of this system has an error of less than 4%
and coaxiality measured error within 6%. The results show that the system has the characteristics of
high measurement accuracy and fast detection speed and can meet the requirements of rapid size
measurement of microelectrodes.

Objective:
The purpose of this research is to improve the efficiency of size detection when manufacturing
a large number of microelectrodes by developing an automatic detection system. This system
has made relevant optimization on the error control of the size detection to ensure that the error is
within the allowable range.

Method:
Firstly, the original images of the microelectrodes were obtained using an electron microscope.
Secondly, the necessary image processing had been done for the image: gray processing, binarization,
median filtering, morphological processing, and large background noise removal. These
processes are automatically carried out in the system. In addition, three methods of measuring coaxiality
error are proposed, and the first measurement algorithm with the minimum deviation is selected
and put into the system, which can ensure the accuracy of coaxiality offset. Finally, the diameter
of the microelectrode was measured, and the coaxiality offset of the microelectrode was measured
by various methods. After the comparison of the measured values manually, the algorithm with the
minimum deviation was selected and put into the system.

Results:
The diameter and coaxiality of the cylindrical microelectrode and the cylindrical microelectrode
with a ball head are successfully measured, and the measurement error is within 4% after
comparison, showing that the automatic measurement system has great measurement efficiency.

Conclusion:
The comparison of the electrode measurement results of this system with the manual
measurement results shows that the automatic measurement system developed in this paper can
meet the accuracy requirements for measuring the diameter of the microelectrodes, and can significantly
improve the measurement efficiency compared with manual measurement.
Texto de Natalia Mardero. Ligas mayores
Authors: Mardero Natalia 
Published: February 2022

Los estadounidenses se empeñaron en llevar el béisbol más allá de las fronteras de nuestra galaxia. Por momentos parecía que era lo único que les interesaba. Soñaban con ver a los otros seres del Universo con caps y hotdogs en las tribunas, y las ligas mayores con equipos foráneos (como una forma de modernizarla y adaptarla a los nuevos tiempos). Ni que hablar de la tanda publicitaria en los partidos que se transmitirían vía satélite: una cosa es que te vean en la otra costa del país, ¡y otra cosa es que te vean en la otra punta de la Vía Láctea!
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy of Gallbladder Stone Presenting as Empyema in a 9 Years-Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Sidoun M , Elfageh M , Belhaje A , Elfageh W 
Published: February 2022

Background: The gall bladder stones (GBS) are common disease related to diet habit, obesity, hematological diseases, diabetes mellitus and receiving total parenteral nutrition. GBS is a rare cause of hospitalization of pediatric patients, but have been increasingly diagnosed in recent years due to widespread use of ultrasonography. The aim of this case report study is to determine the clinical presentation, risk factors, valuable diagnostic procedures and outcome of laparoscopic management of cholelithiasis in children. Case report: Our case is a 9 years-old boy with empyemic gallbladder complaining of attacks of colicky epigastric pain associated with recurrent vomiting. On abdominal palpation, there is positive sign of deep tenderness at hypochondrium area and positive murphy sign. He has central obesity with BMI 29.9, skin folds more than 3.5 cm and waist circumference more than 90 cm. He has History of high cholesterol and fatty diet and fast food habit, prolonged intake of vitamin D and positive family history. While, no other associated risk factors was detected in our patient. All laboratory investigations was within normal ranges even for his lipid profile. Although, empyema was present, no leukocytosis was detected. Abdominal ultrasound showed the gall bladder wall is slightly thick surrounded by pericholycystic fluid, solitary gall bladder stone of 3 cm size and normal CBD. While, post-operative histopathological examination revealed thick wall gallbladder with multiple tiny stones of cholesterol type. The patient was treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy with promising outcome and no complications. Conclusion: Pediatric surgeons should consider cholecystolithiasis as from differential diagnosis of abdominal pain associated with vomiting in children. Empyema of gallbladder should be considered once murphy sign is positive in such child patients. Child obesity, fatty diet, vitamin D deï¬ciency and family history are possible risk factors. Ultrasonography is the mainstay of diagnosis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the appropriate management for symptomatic cholelithiasis in children.
Prevalence of Candida spp. from in women with vulvovaginal infection in Maternity teaching hospital in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Sahar M.Zaki 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Vulvovaginal candidiasis and its association with some risk factors and the incidence of different species of Candida attending the Maternity hospital in Erbil city.Methods: A cross-sectional carried out at Maternity teaching hospital, over a period that conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 on females Patient who complained of itching and erythema, vaginal discharge, swelling. A questionnaire form prepared for each patient, which includes: age, clinical presentation and history of pregnancy, diabetes, and history of using contraceptives and the type of contraceptives. High Vaginal Swabs were collected from patients and subjected to direct microscopy, cultured onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and, Blood agar. The results, determined by standard microbiological methods, species identification done by using an automated VITEK 2 compact system.Results: From the total of 246 high vaginal swabs collected at Maternity hospital in Erbil city and prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was(54.66%). The highest number of positive cases found to be in the age group(30-34) years and the positive culture was among pregnant women was 71(63.4%) also the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was higher among diabetic women 44(67.7%), frequency of culture positive for Candida spp. in the antibiotic users group was 85(64.4%) and also the positive culture for candida spp was higher among the contraceptive pills31(57.4%) however for IUCD user the positive culture was 22(66.7%). Conclusion: In this present study, vulvovaginal candidiasis is more in the young age group and more frequent in the pregnant ladies and the diabetic patients and those using antibiotic and contraceptives, either the pills or Intrauterine contraceptive device. Candida albicans had the highest percentage among other positive isolated from high vaginal swab and there was a significant relation between clinical presentation of the patient with the result of culture.
The value of bali's local wisdom on hotel employees in badung regency
Authors: Astina Made Arya 
Published: February 2022

The island of Bali is famous as one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Thus, the development of Bali tourism from year to year is strongly influenced by various factors. Culture becomes an important factor for tourists choosing Bali as their preferred tourist destination. In order to support the tourism, the human resource also becoming the significant aspect that need to be taken into account. Given the importance of the role of human resources in the tourism sector, especially in the hospitality subsector, this study analyzed the value of Bali's local wisdom among star hotels in Badung regency. this study also wanted to find out how the phenomenon of local wisdom value in Bali, especially in Badung regency. Identification of the value of local Balinese wisdom is expected to gain contribution of ideas and thought in human resource development to the hospitality sub-sector in Bali in general, and Badung Regency in particular. Through literature studies and questionnaire consisted of 34 questions to measure the six cultural dimension such as Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivity, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-term orientation vs. Short-term orientation, and Indulgence vs. Restraint, the data then analysed through the VSM (value survey module) developed. The results shows that Badung regency’s star hotels’ employees have a culture with a high level of collectivism, shows a low power distance value, tend to have Feminine culture, have a culture with a relatively low level of Uncertainty Avoidance
Sound and meaning of megalithic traditional village as a touristic consumption
Authors: Koerniawaty Francisca Titing , Ardika I Wayan 
Published: February 2022

This study aims were to criticize and analyse the patterns of the cultural heritage of megalithic traditional village-Bena. The sound and meaning were to reflect the domestic and international tourists towards the cultural heritage of megalithic traditional village-Bena as a touristic consumption. Bena is the oldest and well-preserved of a megalithic traditional village located in Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This qualitative study with ethnographic approach led to depth analysis on tourists’ perception towards the megalithic traditional village of Bena as a touristic consumption. The minority of tourists’ complaint constructs or damages, doesn’t it?
PATTERNS OF SPREADING RADICALISM IN MUHAMMADIYAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Wicaksana Satria Unggul , Arifin Samsul , Hariri Achmad , Efendi Ahmad Bahrul , Harris Nadief Rahman 
Published: February 2022

The fact that more and more Islamic boarding schools are affiliated with terrorist groups such as ISIS, cannot be denied. The latest data submitted by BNPT states that there are at least 198 Islamic boarding schools exposed to radicalism, both those affiliated with the Anshorut Khalifah congregation, the Islamiyah congregation, and the Daulah Anshorut Jamaah. This fact shows that efforts to prevent the spread of radicalism and the eradication of criminal acts of terrorism are not completed only with national preparedness, deradicalization, and counter-radicalization. From these problems, the question of this research is how the pattern of the spread of radicalism that occurs in the Muhammadiyah Islamic boarding school in East Java. The method used in this research is Socio-Legal with an ethnographic approach. The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the pattern of the spread of radicalism in the Islamic boarding school environment, and how to anticipate it.
Abstrak: Fakta bahwa semakin banyak pesantren yang berafiliasi dengan kelompok teroris seperti ISIS, tidak dapat dipungkiri. Data terakhir yang disampaikan BNPT menyebutkan setidaknya ada 198 pondok pesantren yang terpapar radikalisme, baik yang berafiliasi dengan jemaah Khalifah Anshorut, jemaah Islamiyah, maupun Jamaah Daulah Anshorut. Fakta ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya pencegahan penyebaran radikalisme dan pemberantasan tindak pidana terorisme tidak hanya dituntaskan dengan kesiapsiagaan nasional, deradikalisasi, dan kontra-radikalisasi. Dari permasalahan tersebut, pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pola penyebaran radikalisme yang terjadi di pondok pesantren Muhammadiyah di Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Socio-Legal dengan pendekatan etnografi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dan menggambarkan pola penyebaran radikalisme di lingkungan pondok pesantren, dan bagaimana mengantisipasinya.
Kata Kunci: Pesantren, Radikalisme, Terorisme.