bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENT SURGEONS AS MASTER TRAINERS OF CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY WILL SAVE PRECIOUS LIVES IN EMERGENCIES
Authors: Shabbir Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad , Aslam Sohail , Riaz Naeem , Abbas Asim , Raza Maqbool , Fareed Ghulam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To train young doctors and paramedical staff on needle cricothyroidotomy and surgical cricothyroidotomy and provision of kits in trauma centers, main operation theatres and medical reception centers of the hospitals.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa, Karachi Pakistan, from Nov 2017 to Oct 2020.
Methodology: Doctors and paramedical staff were selected on volunteer basis. Small groups were trained in 2-3hours. The participants were shown two videos of two procedures in Urdu language first and then were trained on mannequin.
Results: A total of 345 participants including 205 males and 140 females were trained with mean age was 28.2667 ± 6.24 (SD) years. Out of 61 residents, 54 medical officers, 143 house officers, 35 nurses and 52 paramedical staff were participants.
Conclusion: ENT surgeons must arrange mannequins and conduct training sessions of small groups after every 1 to 2 months.
INCIDENCE OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PALSY IN CERVICAL ANASTOMOSIS AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CARCINOMA ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Majeed Farhan Ahmed , Raza Maqbool , Shahbaz Aaisha , Rafique Atif , Farhan Nabeela 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the incidence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy (RLNP) in cervical anastomosis after esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Military Hospital’s Thoracic surgery departments, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Combined Military Hospital Lahore and Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Jan 2010 to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Designated proformas were used to collect data. Histopathologically proven, operable cases of carcinoma esophagus with normal phonation were included, all of which underwent cervical anastomosis. All cases of benign pathologies and per-operative macroscopically advanced loco-regional disease were excluded. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was identified in all cases and follow-up of 6 months for recovery period was executed.
Results: 220 cases were included out of which 121 (55%) were males while 99 (45%) females. The age range was 14-81 years (mean is 38.7 ± 16.78). Out of 29 (13.6%) cases underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) while thoracophreno laparotomy was performed in 100 (45.4%) cases, McKeown in 46 (20.9%) and Trans-hiatal esophagectomy (THE) in 45 (20.4%) patients. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy was found in 19 patients (8.6%), tracheal injury in 3 (1.3%) and bronchial injury in 1 (0.4%) patient. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy was transient in 14 cases and permanent damage persisted in 5 patients.
Conclusion: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy after esophagectomy is related to increased morbidity due to respiratory complications. With Sharp dissection technique, adequate surgical skill and equipment, the incidence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy can be decreased. In our study, it is less............
Necesidades de atención en cuidado paliativo de Costa Rica según provincia
Authors: Picado-Ovares Jose Ernesto , Solórzano-Morera Flavia 
Published: January 2022

Justificación y objetivo. Existe un desconocimiento en relación con las necesidades de cuidados paliativos en Costa Rica lo que genera dificultades para poder distribuir los recursos adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar las necesidades de cuidado paliativo por provincia para que sirva de insumo para una adecuada planeación y utilización de los recursos.
Métodos. Se utilizó la metodología diseñada por la Lancet Commission on Palliative Care and Pain Relief basada en el sufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud para 20 enfermedades con mayor necesidad probable de atención paliativa utilizando la base de datos del Instituto costarricense de estadística y Censo y bases de datos del Ministerio de Salud y de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social.
Resultados. En Costa Rica, 19502 personas requirieron atención paliativa en el 2018, siendo las enfermedades neoplásicas las que ocupan el primer lugar, seguidas por enfermedades cerebrovasculares, causas externas y HIV-SIDA. La mayoría de los casos se ubican en las provincias del centro del país (San José, Alajuela y Heredia) y la minoría en Guanacaste.
Conclusiones. Se logró estimar las necesidades de cuidado paliativo en Costa Rica por diagnósticos y provincia de domicilio documentando que la mayoría de las necesidades son por enfermedades terminales no oncológicas y en las provincias de San José, Alajuela y Heredia.
Cargas virales en pacientes trasplantados y genotipificación de Citomegalovirus
Authors: Rojas-Cordero Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Sevilla María , Herrera-Muñoz Álvaro , Karkashian-Córdoba James 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el curso de infecciones virales por un periodo de un año, mediante la medición de la carga viral de Adenovirus, virus BK, virus Epstein-Barr, Citomegalovirus y Herpesvirus humano 6, en 30 pacientes del Hospital San Juan de Dios, sometidos a trasplante de riñón o células progenitoras hematopoyéticas.
Métodos: Se determinaron las cargas virales en diez muestras de sangre por paciente: una muestra pretransplante, ocho muestras obtenidas cada dos semanas postrasplante y una última muestra a los seis meses posteriores al trasplante. La cuantificación de los virus se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real y, solo en el caso del Adenovirus, por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final. También se determinaron los genotipos de Citomegalovirus en los pacientes positivos para este virus, utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa dirigida al gen de la glicoproteína B y secuenciación de los fragmentos amplificados. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas y alineadas con una secuencia de referencia, utilizando el programa Clustal Omega.
Resultados: Al 77 % de los pacientes se les detectó al menos uno de los cinco virus analizados y el virus con mayor prevalencia fue el Citomegalovirus, con un 57% de positividad del total de la población. El genotipo de Citomegalovirus que más se detectó fue el genotipo 3. Se monitoreó el comportamiento de las cargas virales para cada virus analizado y la proporción de su incidencia entre pacientes masculinos y femeninos.
Conclusiones: La cuantificación y caracterización de virus en pacientes de trasplante, permite un mejor manejo clínico del paciente con infecciones oportunistas y también un manejo más adecuado de las terapias farmacológicas.
Caso Clínico: Paciente doble heterocigoto para Hemoglobina New York (HB Kaohsiung) y Alfa Talasemia (–α3.7/αα)
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Vivian , Alvarado-Romero Danny , Cartín-Sánchez Walter 
Published: January 2022

Se reporta el caso de una paciente adulta, asintomática, sin historial familiar de anemia o enfermedades crónicas, atendida en el Laboratorio Clínico del Área de Salud de Aserrí que acude a control salud por seguimiento a tratamiento de anemia. Se revisa el histórico del expediente médico del propositus, donde se evidencia que el VCM por debajo del límite de referencia normal, hace incurrir al médico tratante en el error de asociar microcitosis con anemia ferropriva.
Sin embargo, el Laboratorio Clìnico de Aserrí cuenta con un algoritmo de donde se deriva que los índices y la morfología obtenidos en este hemograma son sugestivos de Talasemia, por lo que se envía la muestra al Laboratorio de Estudios Especializados e Investigación del Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera para realizar una electroforesis de hemoglobina. En este análisis se detecta una variante de hemoglobina.
A nuestro buen saber, no se ha descrito anteriomente un caso de doble heterocigota como el aquí mencionado, por lo que se reporta el primer caso en Costa Rica de un doble heterocigota hemoglobina New York/-3.7 Alfa Talasemia.
Epentheorie als interdisziplinäre Methodologie.
Authors: Niedling Christian 
Published: January 2022

Der Beitrag fasst die Fragestellungen und Ergebnisse der Dissertation zusammen, die sich mit den Theorien Karl Lachmanns und Andreas Heuslers zur Entstehung des Nibelungenliedes beschäftigte. Lachmann übertrug die Homer-Theorie F. A. Wolfs auf das Nibelungenlied und war der Ansicht, dass das Epos aus ursprünglich einzeln umlaufenden Liedern kompiliert wurde. Heusler kam durch den Vergleich mit nordeuropäischen Nibelungenstoffen zu dem Schluss, dass das Epos durch Anschwellung eines Liedes entstanden sei. In der Arbeit werden erstmals mündlich überlieferte heldenepische Gesänge Kareliens aus dem Bereich der Sampo-Zyklik als Forschungsmaterial für die umrissene germanistische Fragestellung verwendet.
Die Analyse der Korpustexte zeigte verfestigte Erzählkonventionen durch konstitutive Sequenzen, die den narrativen Kern des Sampo-Zyklus abbilden. Darüber hinaus stehen durch den pool of tradition optionale Sequenzen zur Verfügung, die jeweils individuell variiert werden können. Es ließen sich Verbindungen zu anderen Motivkomplexen, die Anschwellung von Liedinhalten, aber auch der Einbezug eigenständiger Liedinhalte und Allusion erkennen. Die Realisierung eines Vortrags kann als mentaler Text, als jeweils individuelle Variante eines Darbietungsspektrums verstanden werden.
Kim Beng Phar, Islamic Statehood and Maqasid al-Shariah in Malaysia. A Zero-Sum Game?
Authors: Eggen Nora S. 
Published: January 2022

There has been an increasing interest in and a growing literature on the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah. The literature has leaned towards theoretical rather than empirical studies, and therefore empirical studies on the application of maqasid al-shari'ah as a guiding principle for legal and/or political government are highly welcomed. In his book Islamic Statehood and Maqasid al-Shariah in Malaysia: A Zero-Sum Game? Kim Beng Phar sets out to show that as far as the case of Malaysia is concerned, such application is still far ahead.
Islam's Views on Sorcery and Black Magic
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

Black magic is condemned in Islam but Muslim thinkers are not clear on how to deal with this superstitious holdover from an earlier age. Sorcery or witchcraft (sihr) is often equated with trickery aimed at conflating falsehood with the rational association of causes and effects. Sorcery is difficult to define. Our knowledge of sihr and what is not within reach of our sense perception is also limited. The available information in the scriptural sources of Islam also falls short of elaboration on detail. Sihr may aim at inflicting harm on its object or at realising a benefit, and the sorcerer often resorts to irrational and impermissible means. Muslim scholars have differed on the reality of sihr.
Bertrand de Speville, Overcoming Corruption: The Essentials
Authors: Nalla Zarina 
Published: January 2022

The title of the book is very reflective of its length and style: brief and succinct almost like a handbook, it is meant for anticorruption decision-makers from the developed and developing world who are too busy to read laborious pieces on the subject.
The author, an English law barrister who went to Hong Kong in 1981, became Solicitor General prior to his appointment as Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) of Hong Kong from 1992 to 1996, just before the city was returned to China. He turned ICAC into a leading anti-graft body admired by international observers.
Islamophobia: A Projection of the West's 'Dark Side'
Authors: Buehler Arthur F. 
Published: January 2022

Islamophobia: A Projection of the West's 'Dark Side'
Humankind is more interconnected now than ever before. Some celebrate this shared humanity while too many others appear fixated more on their own ethnic group, nationality, or religion. In the personal view of the author, ‘islamophobia’ is an ungrounded fear of something/someone that does not exist in reality and which involves a psychological projection to create ‘the other’ as enemy. The focus of this spirited article is on the development of ‘islamophobia’ out of an earlier ‘syndrome’ of religio-political antagonism. It is seen by the author as spreading via the mass media ‘like a virus’. He argues that this phenomenon is a psychological defence mechanism involving the projection of what he refers to as ‘the West’s dark side’ onto Islam and its followers.
Christoph Marcinkowski (Ed.), The Islamic World and the West: Managing Religious and Cultural Identities in the Age of Globalisation
Authors: Winkel Eric 
Published: January 2022

Perhaps the most important service academic writing can serve is to make us challenge our conceptions and assumptions. And then, if possible, to help us construct other conceptions that may serve us better. The collected work The Islamic World and the West does both of these services admirably.
Dialogue between the German Government and Muslims Living in Germany: Prospects and Challenges for the 'Deustsche Islamkonferenz' (DIK)
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph 
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, Germany has become religiously and culturally more diverse, a fact which is mainly due to the arrival of immigrants from countries with a Muslim background. Meanwhile, approximately four million Muslims live in Germany, and already just under half of them have German citizenship.
Mustafa Akyol, Islam without Extremes: a Muslim Case for Liberty
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Freedom is frequently a topic of controversy in discussions of Islam and the West. Mustafa Akyol’s recent book goes further than making the claim that freedom is indigenous to Islam, and it reads closer to an ideological manifesto in offering a spirited defence of liberalism and free market capitalism from an Islamic perspective: “[L]iberty is ... what everyone needs to find God.” But freedom in Islam is morally assured, legally secured and theologically grounded and sanctified - and thus forms a crucial part of the entire worldview of Islam. It can be conceived as a higher purpose (maqsid) of the Shariah, and not merely a principle or a transient reality. An ideological reading of freedom, as we find in Akyol’s book, actually truncates that worldview, as it dislodges freedom from its Islamic theological-moral-spiritual sanctuary in favour of classical liberalism.
Ibn Khaldun and the Good Madina
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid 
Published: January 2022

Ibn Khaldun’s theory of the rise and decline of states, and the key concept of social solidarity, ‘asabiya, provides rich source material for elaborating normative or prescriptive discussions on the nature of a good polity or civilised society. This renders him extremely relevant to the study of modern societies, even those that lack the nomadic-sedentary dynamic that furnished the material for Ibn Khaldun’s original science of human society. Ibn Khaldun’s concepts of authority are of great relevance to the modern Muslim world, not least because of the prevalence today of mulk tabi’i or unbridled kingship in Muslim realms. In line with his overall science of human society was his interest in the relationship between education and society. The relevance of his outlook on education lies more in the area of the philosophy of education and displays timeless and universal applicability. Ibn Khaldun covered the proper methods of teaching and learning and discussed learning capacity, memorisation, curriculum, teacher strictness and the breadth and depth of education.
The madina, the form of social organisation which he saw all around him, was not all bad, in his view, but there was an inevitable movement towards degeneration and decay. In the early stages of the up cycle, the madina displayed numerous political, economic and social dimensions that are worthy of emulation, and Ibn Khaldun expounds on these in his discussions of the nature of authority, the role of the government in the economy, and the nature of education. Life in the madina is founded on certain universal values such as the rule of law, justice, accountability, responsibility, and the quest for knowledge and truth. Unfortunately such values do not inform many modern societies of the Muslim world today and should be given more emphasis in our discussions on civilisational renewal. At the heart of the problem is perhaps education. Ibn Khaldun’s reflections on education take into account politics, language, city life and social class. He also dealt with the methods and procedures of education and can be seen to be an innovator in pedagogy. For Ibn Khaldun, the way to the good madina is through an holistic education that produces not just competent but moral individuals. This view implies an entire corpus of practical recommendations in the educational realm in Muslim nations today.
Implementation of Hudud in Brunei: Differences Between Brunei and Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Tun Abdul Hamid 
Published: January 2022

On 22 October 2013, the Government of Brunei Darussalam gazetted the Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 (the Order) with the view, in brief, to introduce the hudud and qisas punishments in the country. The Order has not been brought into force yet. It will be brought into force (or implemented) in stages, starting with takzir offences in April 2014. In the meantime, the provisions of the Penal Code will continue to be enforced and the offences tried by the Civil Courts. This is because the work of updating the relevant laws relating to procedure, evidence and others is still incomplete.
Surrogacy and Islam: Between Permissibility and Prohibition
Authors: Al-Mubarak Tawfique 
Published: January 2022

Surrogacy has been a much debated issue from the Shari’ah perspective since the mid-1980s and is still being discussed. It is generally considered impermissible in Islam. This issue was first addressed at the seventh session of the Muslim World League’s Islamic Fiqh Council meeting in 1404 AH/1985 CE, wherein the following year, the Council permitted fertilisation of the zygote only among married couples but with certain conditions. The Council however retracted its earlier views on permitting surrogacy among co-wives of the same husband. Similarly, the Fiqh Council of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) in 1986 concluded that surrogacy could be permissible only between married couples and under certain conditions.2 Despite a restrictive opinion from these two authoritative fiqh councils, some Muslim scholars have also argued in favour of surrogacy, which demands more discussion here.
Исследование исторических памятников Тениз-Коргалжынского региона: новые данные
Authors: Толегенулы Кажымурат , Кукушкин Алексей Игоревич , Кулжанова Бахытгул Темирбаевна 
Published: January 2022

Тенгиз-Коргалжынский регион обладает богатым ландшафтом и разнообразием флоры и фауны. На данной территории сосредоточено множество памятников историко-культурного наследия. Среди них: Бытыгай, Сулу там, Сырлы там, Алып томар, Беспакыр, Жанибек-Шалкар. Первые исследования здесь проводились в 1950–1970 гг. Центрально-Казахстанской археологической экспедицией под руководством А.Х. Маргулана, экспедицией Евразийского Национального университета под руководством М.Е. Елеуова (2000 г.), а также экспедицией РГК «Казреставрация» под руководством М.К. Сембина (2007 г.). Новые данные также были получены в ходе исследований Есильской археологической экспедиции под руководством М.К. Хабдулиной. В полевом сезоне 2021 г. сотрудниками Государственного историко-культурного музея-заповедника «Бозок» под руководством С.К. Сакенова и М.К. Семби проведены археологические раскопки на территории средневекового городища Бытыгай. В работе особое внимание уделено изучению военно-топографических, экологических, сейсмо-геологических карт и др. Следует отметить, что исторические и политические события в этой области напрямую связаны с названиями населенных пунктов и исторических памятников, которые, с одной стороны, были вовлечены в процесс решающих событий Великой степи, с другой, – имели важное значение в формировании будущего казахского народа. Работа представляет собой анализ разнонаправленных архивных источников, редко использованных ранее в исторических трудах.
Prevalence of Substance use Among Depressed Female Patients
Authors: Iqbal Afridi Muhammad , Lal Chooni , Ameen Dharwarwala Rozeena , Akbar Dars Jawed , Iqbal Fariha , Kumar Juseja Anoop 
Published: January 2022

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability around the globe. It is characterized by depressed mood, lack of enjoyment, decreased activity, negative thoughts and reduced concentration for at least two weeks. Globally 350 million people are suffering from depression and 18.34 million people from Southeast Asia alone.	Major depressive disorder is growing in overall disease burden around the world. It is predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by 2030, and it is already the leading cause in women worldwide. Depression affects the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus. These brain regions are involved in the regulation of motivation, eating, sleeping, energy level, circadian rhythm, and responses to rewarding and aversive stimuli, which are all abnormal in depressed people.
AGROECOLOGIA COMO EDUCAÇÃO PARA O BEM VIVER
Authors: Duarte Pires Ana Christina 
Published: January 2022

Este texto é uma revisão bibliográfica que tem como objetivo discutir o entrelaçamento entre as temáticas Agroecologia e Educação, em uma proposta de Bem Viver baseada na sustentabilidade e que prima pela qualidade de vida. O texto traz reflexões com princípios agroecológicos, capazes de chamar a transformações concretas na sociedade pela Educação. Parte do entendimento das bases da Agroecologia, que deixa de ter uma dimensão puramente ambiental e passa a relacionar-se aspectos sociais, culturais e educacionais, a fim de sustentar transformações que proporcionem um Bem Viver a todos os sujeitos da sociedade. A Agroecologia, assim, amplia seus conceitos para além da produção de alimentos, incluindo dimensões como ciência e estilo de vida. A partir deste entendimento, passa-se para uma discussão sobre a busca por um Bem Viver que preserve todos os seres vivos, através de ações possíveis compartilhadas entre o meio rural e o meio urbano. O entendimento dessas relações é possível quando se reconhece que um processo educativo alternativo e emancipatório é o único caminho para uma conscientização de Bem Viver, a fim de recuperar nossa sabedoria instintiva, nossa capacidade amorosa, criatividade e consequentemente de conhecer e reconhecer pessoas, grupos, território e natureza. Conclui-se esse texto com um convite a uma transformação de estilo de vida, por alternativas viáveis e reais, com diversos graus de comprometimento.Palavras-Chave: estilo de vida; sustentabilidade; meio ambiente.