bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ti- and Pb-based particles in the aqueous environment of Melbourne (Australia) via single particle ICP-MS
Authors: Gonzalez de Vega Raquel , Lockwood Thomas E. , Xu Xiaoxue , Gonzalez de Vega Claudia , Scholz Johannes , Horstmann Maximilian , Doble Philip A. , Clases David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe analysis of natural and anthropogenic nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment is challenging and requires methods capable to identify and characterise structures on the nanoscale regarding particle number concentrations (PNCs), elemental composition, size, and mass distributions. In this study, we employed single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP ICP-MS) to investigate the occurrence of NMs in the Melbourne area (Australia) across 63 locations. Poisson statistics were used to discriminate between signals from nanoparticulate matter and ionic background. TiO2-based NMs were frequently detected and corresponding NM signals were calibated with an automated data processing platform. Additionally, a method utilising a larger mass bandpass was developed to screen for particulate high-mass elements. This procedure identified Pb-based NMs in various samples. The effects of different environmental matrices consisting of fresh, brackish, or seawater were mitigated with an aerosol dilution method reducing the introduction of salt into the plasma and avoiding signal drift. Signals from TiO2- and Pb-based NMs were counted, integrated, and subsequently calibrated to determine PNCs as well as mass and size distributions. PNCs, mean sizes, particulate masses, and ionic background levels were compared across different locations and environments.
Graphical abstract
Faecal Microbiota Divergence in Allopatric Populations of Podarcis lilfordi and P. pityusensis, Two Lizard Species Endemic to the Balearic Islands
Authors: Alemany Iris , Pérez-Cembranos Ana , Pérez-Mellado Valentín , Castro José A. , Picornell Antonia , Ramon Cori , Jurado-Rivera José A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Gut microbial communities provide essential functions to their hosts and are known to influence both their ecology and evolution. However, our knowledge of these complex associations is still very limited in reptiles. Here we report the 16S rRNA gene faecal microbiota profiles of two lizard species endemic to the Balearic archipelago (Podarcis lilfordi and P. pityusensis), encompassing their allopatric range of distribution through a noninvasive sampling, as an alternative to previous studies that implied killing specimens of these IUCN endangered and near-threatened species, respectively. Both lizard species showed a faecal microbiome composition consistent with their omnivorous trophic ecology, with a high representation of cellulolytic bacteria taxa. We also identified species-specific core microbiota signatures and retrieved lizard species, islet ascription, and seasonality as the main factors in explaining bacterial community composition. The different Balearic Podarcis populations are characterised by harbouring a high proportion of unique bacterial taxa, thus reinforcing their view as unique and divergent evolutionary entities.
Incidence of heterotopic ossification following hip arthroscopy is low: considerations for routine prophylaxis
Authors: Arshad Zaki , Maughan Henry David , Garner Malgorzata , Ali Erden , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This scoping review aims to map and summarise the available literature on heterotopic ossification (HO) following hip arthroscopy, with particular focus on incidence, distribution as per Brooker classification, efficacy of prophylactic measures and factors that may influence the likelihood of production of HO.

Methods
A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Cinahl, ISI web of science and Scopus using the terms ‘heterotopic ossification’ and ‘hip arthroscopy’. Articles reporting heterotopic ossification following hip arthroscopy for any condition were included after two-stage title/abstract and full-text screening.

Results
Of the 663 articles retrieved, 45 studies were included. The proportion of patients with HO ranged from 0 to 44%. The majority of the cases were either Brooker grade I or II. Of the six studies investigating the effect of NSAID prophylaxis, five reported a significantly lower incidence of heterotopic ossification associated with its use. Weak evidence suggests that an outside-in arthroscopic approach, no capsular closure, male sex and mixed cam and pincer resection may be associated with an increased risk of HO.

Conclusion
Although there is a large variation in rates of HO following hip arthroscopy in the current literature, the majority of studies report a low incidence. Evidence exists advocating the administration of post-operative NSAIDs to reduce the incidence of HO following hip arthroscopy. This, combined with the low risk of complications, means there is a favourable risk–benefit ratio for prophylactic NSAID used in HA. Future research should work to identify patient clinical and demographic factors which may increase the risk of development of HO, allowing clinicians to risk stratify and select only specific patients who would benefit from receiving NSAID prophylaxis.
A Case of Surgical Treatment of a Gunshot Wound to the Left Scapular Region With Damage to the Distal Axillary and Proximal Brachial Arteries
Authors: Rogovskyi Volodymyr M. , Gybalo Rostislav V. , Lurin Igor A. , Sivash Yuriy Y. , Oklei Denys V. , Taraban Igor A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of vascular damage in modern combat conflicts is 5 times higher than in previous military conflicts, with one in five wounded having uncontrolled severe blood loss. Treatment of gunshot wounds of the main arteries is a complex multi‐level process, which can be done only in the case of close cooperation of related surgical specialties.Case reportThis case report details treatment of a 40‐year‐old man who was admitted with a gunshot wound to the left shoulder with injury of the distal axillary and proximal brachial arteries. Primary surgical treatment consisted of venous interposition graft of the injured artery and debridement of the scapular wounds in a peripheral hospital. He was transferred to Main Military Medical Clinical Center in Kyiv with acute thrombosis of the vascular repair graft. Urgent reoperation was performed, with removal of the previously placed vascular graft and revascularization of the distal axillary and proximal brachial artery with reverse venous graft, with accompanying fasciotomy.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the crucial role of rapid evacuation of wounded to a specialized level of care for complex cases such as arterial reconstruction.
Liver-resident memory T cells: life in lockdown
Authors: Pallett Laura J. , Maini Mala K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA subset of memory T cells has been identified in the liver with a tissue-resident profile and the capacity for long-term ‘lockdown’. Here we review how they are retained in, and adapted to, the hepatic microenvironment, including its unique anatomical features and metabolic challenges. We describe potential interactions with other local cell types and the need for a better understanding of this complex bidirectional crosstalk. Pathogen or tumour antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance; we review the evidence for this in hepatotropic infections of major worldwide importance like hepatitis B and malaria and in liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, TRM can be triggered by pro-inflammatory and metabolic signals to mediate bystander tissue damage, with an emerging role in a number of liver pathologies. We discuss the need for liver sampling to gain a window into these compartmentalised T cells, allowing more accurate disease monitoring and future locally targeted immunotherapies.
Traveling waves of an FKPP-type model for self-organized growth
Authors: Kreten Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a reaction–diffusion system of densities of two types of particles, introduced by Hannezo et al. (Cell 171(1):242–255.e27, 2017). It is a simple model for a growth process: active, branching particles form the growing boundary layer of an otherwise static tissue, represented by inactive particles. The active particles diffuse, branch and become irreversibly inactive upon collision with a particle of arbitrary type. In absence of active particles, this system is in a steady state, without any a priori restriction on the amount of remaining inactive particles. Thus, while related to the well-studied FKPP-equation, this system features a game-changing continuum of steady state solutions, where each corresponds to a possible outcome of the growth process. However, simulations indicate that this system self-organizes: traveling fronts with fixed shape arise under a wide range of initial data. In the present work, we describe all positive and bounded traveling wave solutions, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence. We find a surprisingly simple symmetry in the pairs of steady states which are joined via heteroclinic wave orbits. Our approach is constructive: we first prove the existence of almost constant solutions and then extend our results via a continuity argument along the continuum of limiting points.
Accelerated Optimization on Riemannian Manifolds via Discrete Constrained Variational Integrators
Authors: Duruisseaux Valentin , Leok Melvin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA variational formulation for accelerated optimization on normed vector spaces was recently introduced in Wibisono et al. (PNAS 113:E7351–E7358, 2016), and later generalized to the Riemannian manifold setting in Duruisseaux and Leok (SJMDS, 2022a). This variational framework was exploited on normed vector spaces in Duruisseaux et al. (SJSC 43:A2949–A2980, 2021) using time-adaptive geometric integrators to design efficient explicit algorithms for symplectic accelerated optimization, and it was observed that geometric discretizations which respect the time-rescaling invariance and symplecticity of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian flows were substantially less prone to stability issues, and were therefore more robust, reliable, and computationally efficient. As such, it is natural to develop time-adaptive Hamiltonian variational integrators for accelerated optimization on Riemannian manifolds. In this paper, we consider the case of Riemannian manifolds embedded in a Euclidean space that can be characterized as the level set of a submersion. We will explore how holonomic constraints can be incorporated in discrete variational integrators to constrain the numerical discretization of the Riemannian Hamiltonian system to the Riemannian manifold, and we will test the performance of the resulting algorithms by solving eigenvalue and Procrustes problems formulated as optimization problems on the unit sphere and Stiefel manifold.
July–September rainfall in the Greater Horn of Africa: the combined influence of the Mascarene and South Atlantic highs
Authors: Dyer Ellen , Hirons Linda , Taye Meron Teferi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJuly-September rainfall is a key component of Ethiopia’s annual rainfall and is a source of rainfall variability throughout inland Greater Horn of Africa. In this study we investigate the relative influences of the Mascarene (MH) and South Atlantic (AH) highs on July-September rainfall in a covarying region of the Greater Horn of Africa using CHIRPS observed rainfall and the ERA5 reanalysis. We show that a mixed metric using the circulation at 850 hPa of these two subtropical anticyclones (AH-MH), is better correlated with rainfall than individual high circulations. Variations in remote circulation are translated by changes in Central African westerlies and Turkana Jet wind speeds. We apply the AH-MH mixed metric to the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles and show that it is a good indicator of mean July-September rainfall across both ensembles. Biases in circulation are shown to be related to the Hadley circulation in CMIP5 atmosphere-only simulations, while causes of biases in CMIP6 are more varied. Coupled model biases are related to southern ocean warm biases in CMIP5 and western Indian Ocean warm biases in CMIP6. CMIP6 shows an improved relationship between rainfall and Turkana Jet winds and Central African westerlies across the ensemble.
Long-term effects of preeclampsia on maternal cardiovascular health and postpartum utilization of primary care: an observational claims data study
Authors: Haßdenteufel Kathrin , Müller Mitho , Gutsfeld Raphael , Goetz Maren , Bauer Armin , Wallwiener Markus , Brucker Sara Y. , Joos Stefanie , Colombo Miriam Giovanna , Hawighorst-Knapstein Sabine , Chaudhuri Ariane , Kirtschig Gudula , Saalmann Frauke , Wallwiener Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Preeclampsia occurs in up to 15% of pregnancies and constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This observational cohort study aimed to examine the association between preeclamptic pregnancies and cardiovascular outcomes as well as primary and specialized care utilization after delivery.

Methods
Using statutory claims data we identified women with singleton live births between 2010 and 2017. Main outcomes included the occurrence of either hypertension or cardiovascular disease after one or more preeclamptic pregnancies, number of contacts to a general practitioner or cardiologist after delivery and prescribed antihypertensive medication. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for maternal age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity.

Results
The study cohort consisted of 181,574 women with 240,698 births. Women who experienced preeclampsia once had an increased risk for cardiovascular (hazard ratio, HR = 1.29) or hypertensive (HR = 4.13) events. In women affected by recurrent preeclampsia, risks were even higher to develop cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.53) or hypertension (HR = 6.01). In the following years after delivery, general practitioners were seen frequently, whereas cardiologists were consulted rarely (0.3 and 2.4%).

Conclusion
Women affected by preeclampsia experience an increased risk of developing chronic hypertension and cardiovascular disease, especially those with recurrent preeclampsia. Future medical guidelines should take this potential risk into account.
Galileo Galilei and the centers of gravity of solids: a reconstruction based on a newly discovered version of the conical frustum contained in manuscript UCLA 170/624
Authors: Bellé Riccardo , Sisana Beatrice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe manuscript UCLA 170/624 (ff. 75–76) contains Galileo’s proof of the center of gravity of the frustum of a cone, which was ultimately published as Theoremata circa centrum gravitatis solidorum in Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze (Leiden 1638). The UCLA copy opens the possibility of giving a fuller account of Theoremata dating and development, and it can shed light on the origins of this research by the young Galileo. A comparison of the UCLA manuscript with the other extant copies is carried out to propose a new dating for the composition of the Theoremata. This dating will then be reconsidered in light of the mathematical content. The paper ends with a complete description of the content of the UCLA manuscript and the edition of Galileo’s text there contained.
Technical feasibility and perioperative outcome of laparoscopic resection rectopexy with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) and intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA)
Authors: Driouch Jamal , Thaher Omar , Alnammous Ghaith , Dehnst Joachim , Bausch Dirk , Glatz Torben 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection rectopexy (LRR) is the most effective treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome but is associated with a higher postoperative morbidity compared to transanal approaches. Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) has been described as a promising technique to lower morbidity in colorectal cancer surgery. In this study, we analyze the technical challenges of adapting this technique to LRR and compare the perioperative results to the conventional laparoscopic technique with specimen extraction via minilaparotomy and extracorporeal anastomosis.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients who underwent laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection rectopexy due to obstructive defecation syndrome at our institutions. From September 2020 to July 2021, we treated 17 consecutive patients with NOSE-LRR and compared the results to a historic cohort of 28 consecutive patients treated with conventional laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection rectopexy plus minilaparotomy (LAP-LRR) for specimen extraction between January 2019 and July 2020. Assessed were patient- and disease-specific parameters, operative time, hospital and postoperative complications and subjective patient satisfaction after 6 months of follow-up.

Results
Both groups were comparable in terms of gender distribution, age, and comorbidities. The median operating time was similar and the perioperative morbidity was comparable in both groups. The length of stay in hospital was significantly shorter in the NOSE-LRR group (median 6 vs 8 days).

Conclusion
NOSE-LRR can be implemented safely, performed in a comparable operating time, and is associated with a comparable rate of postoperative complications. The technique offers the a potentially fast postoperative recovery compared to the conventional laparoscopic technique.
QTc prolongation in adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication
Authors: de Veld Loes , van der Lely Nico , Hermans Ben J. M. , van Hoof Joris J. , Wong Lichelle , Vink Arja Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn adults, alcohol intoxication is associated with prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). The QTc is influenced by age and sex. Although alcohol intoxication is increasingly common in adolescents, there are no data on the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adolescents with alcohol intoxication. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adolescents with alcohol intoxication and identify at-risk adolescents. In this observational study including adolescents aged 10–18 years, heart rate and QT interval were automatically assessed from an electrocardiogram (ECG) at alcohol intoxication using a validated algorithm. The QTc was calculated using both the Bazett formula (QTcB) and Fridericia formula (QTcF). If present, an ECG recorded within 1 year of the date of admission to the emergency department was obtained as a reference ECG. A total of 317 adolescents were included; 13.3% had a QTcB and 7.9% a QTcF longer than the sex- and age-specific 95th-percentile. None of the adolescents had a QTcB or QTcF > 500 ms, but 11.8% of the adolescents with a reference ECG had a QTcB prolongation of > 60 ms, while no adolescents had a QTcF prolongation of > 60 ms. QTc prolongation was mainly attributable to an increase in heart rate rather than QT prolongation, which underlies the differences between QTcB and QTcF. Male sex and hypokalaemia increased the likelihood of QTc prolongation.Conclusion: QTc prolongation was seen in approximately 10% of the adolescents presenting with alcohol intoxication, and although no ventricular arrhythmias were observed in this cohort, QTc prolongation increases the potential for malignant QT-related arrhythmias. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of QTc prolongation during alcohol intoxication and make an effort to obtain an ECG at presentation, measure the QT interval, and give an adequate assessment of the findings. We advocate admitting adolescents with alcohol intoxication and QTc prolongation. During hospital admission, we recommend limiting exposure to QTc-prolonging medication, increasing potassium levels to a high-normal range (4.5–5.0 mmol/L) and obtaining a reference ECG at discharge.

What is Known:• One out of five deaths in adolescents is alcohol-related. Alcohol intoxication has been related to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.•In adults, alcohol intoxication is associated with QTc prolongation.

What is New:•Approximately 10% of the adolescents with alcohol intoxication had a QTc longer than the age- and sexspecific cut-off. In contrast to adults, in adolescents with alcohol intoxication, QTc prolongation is attributable to an increase in heart rate, rather than a prolongation of the QT interval.•Especially males and adolescents with hypokalaemia are at risk of QTc prolongation.
Lower Bounds from Fitness Levels Made Easy
Authors: Doerr Benjamin , Kötzing Timo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the first and easy to use techniques for proving run time bounds for evolutionary algorithms is the so-called method of fitness levels by Wegener. It uses a partition of the search space into a sequence of levels which are traversed by the algorithm in increasing order, possibly skipping levels. An easy, but often strong upper bound for the run time can then be derived by adding the reciprocals of the probabilities to leave the levels (or upper bounds for these). Unfortunately, a similarly effective method for proving lower bounds has not yet been established. The strongest such method, proposed by Sudholt (2013), requires a careful choice of the viscosity parameters $$\gamma _{i,j}$$

γ

i
,
j

, $$0 \le i < j \le n$$

0
≤
i
<
j
≤
n

. In this paper we present two new variants of the method, one for upper and one for lower bounds. Besides the level leaving probabilities, they only rely on the probabilities that levels are visited at all. We show that these can be computed or estimated without greater difficulties and apply our method to reprove the following known results in an easy and natural way. (i) The precise run time of the (1+1) EA on LeadingOnes. (ii) A lower bound for the run time of the (1+1) EA on OneMax, tight apart from an O(n) term. (iii) A lower bound for the run time of the (1+1) EA on long k-paths (which differs slightly from the previous result due to a small error in the latter). We also prove a tighter lower bound for the run time of the (1+1) EA on jump functions by showing that, regardless of the jump size, only with probability $$O(2^{-n})$$

O
(

2

-
n

)

the algorithm can avoid to jump over the valley of low fitness.