bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different patterns of association between white matter microstructure and plasma unsaturated fatty acids in those with high risk for psychosis and healthy participants
Authors: Su Wenjun , Li Zhixing , Xu Lihua , Zeng Jiahui , Tang Yingying , Tang Xiaochen , Wei Yanyan , Guo Qian , Zhang Tianhong , Wang Jijun 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDisrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), might play a crucial role in the WM pathology of early onset psychosis. However, evidence linking UFA and WM microstructure in CHR is quite sparse.AimsWe investigated the relationship between the plasma UFA level and WM microstructure in CHR participants and healthy controls (HC).MethodsPlasma fatty acids were assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis for 66 individuals at CHR for psychosis and 70 HC.ResultsBoth the global and regional diffusion measures showed significant between-group differences, with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) but increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) found in the CHR group compared with the HC group. On top of that, we found that in the HC group, plasma arachidic acid showed obvious trend-level associations with higher global FA, lower global MD and lower global RD, which regionally spread over the corpus callosum, right anterior and superior corona radiata, bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, there were no associations between global WM measures and any UFA in the CHR group. Conversely, we even found negative associations between arachidic acid levels and regional FA values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule in the CHR group.ConclusionsCompared with the HC group, CHR subjects exhibited a different pattern of association between WM microstructure and plasma UFA, with a neuroprotective effect found in the HC group but not in the CHR group. Such discrepancy could be due to the excessively upregulated UFAs accumulated in the plasma of the CHR group, highlighting the role of balanced plasma-membrane fatty acids homeostasis in WM development.
Pregnancy-related cardiovascular conditions and outcomes in a United States Medicaid population
Authors: Marschner Simone , von Huben Amy , Zaman Sarah , Reynolds Harmony R , Lee Vincent , Choudhary Preeti , Mehta Laxmi S , Chow Clara K 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the incidence of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions and severe cardiovascular outcomes, and their relationship in US Medicaid-funded women.MethodsMedicaid is a government-sponsored health insurance programme for low-income families in the USA. We report the incidence of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions (hypertensive disorders and diabetes in, or complicated by, pregnancy) and severe cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke, acute heart failure, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, aortic dissection/aneurysm and peripheral vascular disease) among Medicaid-funded women with a birth (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code O80 or O82) over the period January 2015–June 2019, from the states of Georgia, Ohio and Indiana. In this cross-sectional cohort, we examined the relationship between pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions and severe cardiovascular outcomes from pregnancy through to 60 days after birth using multivariable models.ResultsAmong 74 510 women, mean age 26.4 years (SD 5.5), the incidence per 1000 births of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions was 224.3 (95% CI 221.3 to 227.3). The incidence per 1000 births of severe cardiovascular conditions was 10.8 (95% CI 10.1 to 11.6). Women with pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions were at greater risk of having a severe cardiovascular condition with an age-adjusted OR of 3.1 (95% CI 2.7 to 3.5).ConclusionThis US cohort of Medicaid-funded women have a high incidence of severe cardiovascular conditions during pregnancy. Cardiometabolic conditions of pregnancy conferred threefold higher odds of severe cardiovascular outcomes.
Household income, fetal size and birth weight: an analysis of eight populations
Authors: Turner Steve , Posthumus Anke G , Steegers Eric A P , AlMakoshi Amel , Sallout Bahauddin , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Oken Emily , Kumwenda Ben , Alostad Fatemah , Wright-Corker Catherine , Watson Laura , Mak Diane , Cheung Hiu Ching , Judge Alice , Aucott Lorna , Jaddoe Vincent W V , Annesi Maesano Isabella , Soomro Munawar Hussain , Hindmarsh Peter , Jacobsen Geir , Vik Torstein , Riaño-Galan Isolina , Rodríguez-Dehli Ana Cristina , Lertxundi Aitana , Rodriguez Loreto Santa Marina , Vrijheid Martine , Julvez Jordi , Esplugues Ana , Iñiguez Carmen 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe age at onset of the association between poverty and poor health is not understood. Our hypothesis was that individuals from highest household income (HI), compared to those with lowest HI, will have increased fetal size in the second and third trimester and birth.Methods.Second and third trimester fetal ultrasound measurements and birth measurements were obtained from eight cohorts. Results were analysed in cross-sectional two-stage individual patient data (IPD) analyses and also a longitudinal one-stage IPD analysis.ResultsThe eight cohorts included 21 714 individuals. In the two-stage (cross-sectional) IPD analysis, individuals from the highest HI category compared with those from the lowest HI category had larger head size at birth (mean difference 0.22 z score (0.07, 0.36)), in the third trimester (0.25 (0.16, 0.33)) and second trimester (0.11 (0.02, 0.19)). Weight was higher at birth in the highest HI category. In the one-stage (longitudinal) IPD analysis which included data from six cohorts (n=11 062), head size was larger (mean difference 0.13 (0.03, 0.23)) for individuals in the highest HI compared with lowest category, and this difference became greater between the second trimester and birth. Similarly, in the one-stage IPD, weight was heavier in second highest HI category compared with the lowest (mean difference 0.10 (0 .00, 0.20)) and the difference widened as pregnancy progressed. Length was not linked to HI category in the longitudinal model.ConclusionsThe association between HI, an index of poverty, and fetal size is already present in the second trimester.
Cancer stem-like cells evade CD8+CD103+tumor-resident memory T (TRM) lymphocytes by initiating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program in a human lung tumor model
Authors: Corgnac Stéphanie , Damei Isabelle , Gros Gwendoline , Caidi Aziza , Terry Stéphane , Chouaib Salem , Deloger Marc , Mami-Chouaib Fathia 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSC) define a population of rare malignant cells endowed with ‘stemness’ properties, such as self-renewing, multipotency and tumorigenicity. They are responsible for tumor initiation and progression, and could be associated with resistance to immunotherapies by negatively regulating antitumor immune response and acquiring molecular features enabling escape from CD8 T-cell immunity. However, the immunological hallmarks of human lung CSC and their potential interactions with resident memory T (TRM) cells within the tumor microenvironment have not been investigated.MethodsWe generated a non-small cell lung cancer model, including CSC line and clones, and autologous CD8+CD103+TRMand CD8+CD103−non-TRMclones, to dissect out immune properties of CSC and their susceptibility to specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.ResultsUnlike their parental tumor cells, lung CSC are characterized by the initiation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program defined by upregulation of the SNAIL1 transcription factor and downregulation of phosphorylated-GSK-3β and cell surface E-cadherin. Acquisition of a CSC profile results in partial resistance to TRM-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which correlates with decreased surface expression of the CD103 ligand E-cadherin and human leukocyte antigen-A2-neoepitope complexes. On the other hand, CSC gained expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and thereby sensitivity to leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1-dependent non-TRM-cell-mediated killing. Cytotoxicity is inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I neutralizing antibodies further emphasizing the role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in T-cell receptor-dependent lytic function.ConclusionOur data support the rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSC to optimize their responsiveness to local CD8+CD103+TRMcells for more efficient anticancer treatments.
Human “live cadaver” neurovascular model for proximal and distal mechanical thrombectomy in stroke
Authors: Arturo Larco Jorge L , Madhani Sarosh Irfan , Liu Yang , Abbasi Mehdi , Shahid Adnan H , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Cloft Harry J , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed , Savastano Luis 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPreclinical testing platforms that accurately replicate complex human cerebral vasculature are critical to advance neurointerventional knowledge, tools, and techniques. Here, we introduced and validated a human “live cadaveric” head-and-neck neurovascular model optimized for proximal and distal vascular occlusion and recanalization techniques.MethodsHuman cadaveric head-and-neck specimens were cannulated bilaterally in the jugular veins, carotid, and vertebral arteries. Specimens were then coupled with modular glass models of the aorta and extracranial carotid arteries, as well as radial and femoral access ports. Intracranial physiological flow was simulated using a flow-delivery system and blood-mimicking fluid. Baseline anatomy, histological, and mechanical properties of cerebral arteries were compared with those of fresh specimens. Radiopaque clot analogs were embolized to replicate proximal and distal arterial occlusions, followed by thrombectomy. Experienced interventionalists scored the model on different aspects.ResultsCompared with counterpart fresh human arteries, formalin-fixed arteries showed similar mechanical properties, including maximum stretch, increased tensile strength/stiffness, and friction coefficients were also not significantly different. On histology, minimal endothelial damage was noted in arteries after 3 months of light fixation, otherwise the arterial wall maintained the structural integrity. Contrast angiographies showed no micro- or macro-vasculature obstruction. Proximal and distal occlusions created within the middle cerebral arteries were consistently obtained and successfully recanalized. Additionally, interventionists scored the model highly realistic, indicating great similarity to patients’ vasculature.ConclusionsThe human “live cadaveric” neurovascular model accurately replicates the anatomy, mechanics, and hemodynamics of cerebral vasculature and allows the performance of neurointerventional procedures equivalent to those done in patients.
From B-meson anomalies to Kaon physics with scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Marzocca David , Trifinopoulos Sokratis , Venturini Elena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work we study possible connections between B-meson anomalies and Kaon physics observables in the context of combined solutions with the singlet and triplet scalar leptoquarks $$S_1$$

S
1

and $$S_3$$

S
3

. By assuming a flavor structure for the leptoquark couplings dictated by a minimally broken $$U(2)^5$$

U

(
2
)

5

flavor symmetry we can make a sharp connection between these two classes of observables. We find that the bound on $${\mathcal {B}}(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν
ν
)

from NA62 puts already some tension in the model, while the present limits on $${\mathcal {B}}(K_L \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$

B
(

K
L

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

and $$\mu \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
e

conversion in nuclei can be saturated. Relaxing instead the flavor assumption we study what values for $${\mathcal {B}}(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν
ν
)

, as well as for $${\mathcal {B}}(K_L \rightarrow \pi ^0 \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
L

→

π
0

ν
ν
)

and $${\mathcal {B}}(K_{L,S} \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$

B
(

K

L
,
S

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

, are viable compatibly with all other phenomenological constraints.
Primary track recovery in high-definition gas time projection chambers
Authors: Lewis P. M. , Hedges M. T. , Jaegle I. , Schueler J. , Thorpe T. N. , Vahsen S. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop and validate a new algorithm called primary track recovery () that effectively deconvolves known physics and detector effects from nuclear recoil tracks in gas time projection chambers (TPCs) with high-resolution readout. This gives access to the primary track charge, length, and vector direction (helping to resolve the “head-tail” ambiguity). Additionally, provides a measurement of the transverse and longitudinal diffusion widths, which can be used to determine the absolute position of tracks in the drift direction for detector fiducialization. Using simulated helium recoils in an atmospheric pressure TPC with a 70:30 mixture of $$\hbox {He:CO}_2$$

He:CO
2

we compare the performance of to traditional methods for all key track variables. We find that the algorithm reduces reconstruction errors, including those caused by charge integration, for tracks with mean length-to-width ratios 1.4 and above, corresponding to recoil energies of 20 keV and above in the studied TPCs. We show that improves on existing methods for head-tail disambiguation, particularly for highly inclined tracks, and improves the determination of the absolute position of recoils on the drift axis via transverse diffusion. We find that can partially recover charge structure integrated out by the detector in the z direction, but that its determination of energy and length have worse resolution compared to existing methods. We use experimental data to qualitatively verify these findings and discuss implications for future directional detectors at the low-energy frontier.
Report of the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma
Authors: French Christopher A. , Cheng Michael L. , Hanna Glenn J. , DuBois Steven G. , Chau Nicole G. , Hann Christine L. , Storck Simone , Salgia Ravi , Trucco Matteo , Tseng Jennifer , Stathis Anastasios , Piekarz Richard , Lauer Ulrich M. , Massard Christophe , Bennett Kelly , Coker Shodeinde , Tontsch-Grunt Ulrike , Sos Martin L. , Liao Sida , Wu Catherine J. , Polyak Kornelia , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
NUT carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer defined by rearrangements of the NUTM1 gene. No routinely effective treatments of NUT carcinoma exist, despite harboring a targetable oncoprotein, most commonly BRD4-NUT. The vast majority of cases are fatal. Poor awareness of the disease is a major obstacle to progress in the treatment of NUT carcinoma. While the incidence likely exceeds that of Ewing sarcoma, and BRD4-NUT heralded the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor class of selective epigenetic modulators, NUT carcinoma is incorrectly perceived as “impossibly rare,” and therefore receives comparatively little private or governmental funding or prioritization by pharma. To raise awareness, propagate scientific knowledge, and initiate a consensus on standard and targeted treatment of NUT carcinoma, we held the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma on March 3, 2021. This virtual event had more than eighty attendees from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Patients with NUT carcinoma and family members were represented and shared perspectives. Broadly, the four areas discussed by experts in the field included (1) the biology of NUT carcinoma; (2) standard approaches to the treatment of NUT carcinoma; (3) results of clinical trials using BET inhibitors; and (4) future directions, including novel BET bromodomain inhibitors, combinatorial approaches, and immunotherapy. It was concluded that standard chemotherapeutic approaches and first-generation BET bromodomain inhibitors, the latter complicated by a narrow therapeutic window, are only modestly effective in a minority of cases. Nonetheless, emerging second-generation targeted inhibitors, novel rational synergistic combinations, and the incorporation of immuno-oncology approaches hold promise to improve the prognosis of this disease.
Tucatinib has Selective Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers and Significant Combined Activity with Approved and Novel Breast Cancer–Targeted Therapies
Authors: O'Brien Neil A. , Huang Holly K.T. , McDermott Martina S.J. , Madrid Athena M. , Luo Tong , Ayala Raul , Issakhanian Shawnt , Gong Ke Wei , Lu Ming , Zhang Jun , Slamon Dennis J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pharmacologically targeting the HER2 oncoprotein with therapeutics such as the mAb, trastuzumab, provides clinical benefit for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) cancers. However, a significant number of patients eventually progress on these therapies. Efforts to overcome therapeutic resistance through combination therapy with small-molecule inhibitors of HER2 have been limited by toxicities associated with off-target activity and/or limited efficacy. In this preclinical study, we explore single-agent and combined activity of tucatinib, a novel HER2-selective small-molecule inhibitor. Tucatinib demonstrated potent, selective activity in a panel of 456 human cancer cell lines, with activity restricted to cell lines (breast and non-breast) with HER2-amplification, including models of acquired resistance to trastuzumab. Within the HER2+ population, tucatinib response tracked strongly with HER2-driven signaling. Single-agent tucatinib induced tumor regressions in xenograft models of HER2+ breast cancer and combination with trastuzumab induced a complete and sustained blockade of HER2/PI3K/AKT signaling. Efficacy of the tucatinib/trastuzumab combination matched that induced by current standard-of-care trastuzumab/pertuzumab/docetaxel combination, with the exception that the chemotherapy-sparing tucatinib/trastuzumab combination did not require a dosing holiday to achieve the same efficacy. In xenograft models of HER2+ breast cancer that also express estrogen receptor (ER; HER2+/ER+), tucatinib showed combined efficacy with inhibitors of CDK4/6 and ER, indicating potential novel therapeutic strategies for difficult-to-treat subtypes of HER2+ breast cancer. These data support expanded clinical investigations of tucatinib as a combination partner for other novel and approved targeted therapies for HER2-driven malignancies.
Thirty‐Year Trends in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The ARIC Study
Authors: Ghelani Kunali P. , Chen Lin Yee , Norby Faye L. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Koton Silvia , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: April 2022

Background
Long‐term data to study recent trends in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), overall and among sex and race groups, are scarce. We evaluated the 30‐year trends in the incidence of AF in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study cohort and explored race and sex differences in these trends.

Methods and Results
We included 15 343 men and women aged 45 to 64 years in 1987 to 1989 without AF from 4 US communities in the ARIC cohort. Incident AF was identified based on study ECGs, hospital discharge codes, and death certificates through 2017. We calculated age and period‐specific incidence rates (IRs) of AF. We used Poisson regression to calculate IR ratios of AF over time adjusting for age, sex, and race. A total of 3241 AF cases were identified during a mean (SD) follow‐up of 22 years (8.4 years) (599 in Black participants, 2642 in White participants, 1582 in women, and 1659 in men). Overall, the IR of AF in the ARIC cohort was 9.6 per 1000 person‐years (6.9 in Black participants, 10.5 in White participants, 8.1 in women, and 11.6 in men). Age‐specific IR by time period did not show significant changes over time. In a model adjusted for sex, race, and age group, the rate of AF did not change significantly from 1987 to 1991 compared with 2012 to 2017 (IR ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.88–1.36] comparing 2012–2017 with 1987–1991). Similarly, no evidence of changes over time in AF rates were identified in men and women or White and Black participants separately.

Conclusions
Even though IRs of AF increase as age increases, our analysis provided evidence suggesting that the overall IRs of AF have not changed over time in a multicenter cohort of Black and White individuals in the United States from 1987 to 2017.
Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Survivors With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nielsen Peter Brønnum , Melgaard Line , Overvad Thure Filskov , Jensen Martin , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Veltkamp Roland , Harvey Kirsten H , Korompoki Eleni , D’Anna Lucio , Halse Omid , Hügen Klemens , Malzahn Uwe , Ullmann Sabine , Schuhmann Carolin , Todd Gabriele Putz , Brinz Hannes , Heuschmann Peter U. , Haas Kirsten , Rücker Viktoria , Enzinger Christian , Ropele Stefan , Pinter Daniela , Haidegger Melanie , Gattringer Thomas , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Wolfe Charles D. A. , Wang Yanzhong , Wafa Hatem A. , Montaner Joan , Palà Elena , Debette Stéphanie , Sibon Igor , Renou Pauline , Lachaize Morgane , Milan Léa , Heyvang Nathalie , Ledure Sylvain , Michel Pascale , Graziani Mara , Marchini Laura , Caso Valeria , Horstmann Solveigh , Purrucker Jan , Ringleb Peter , Haffa Mariam , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten , Haefeli Walter E. , Seidling Hanna M. , Burhenne Jürgen , Foerster Kathrin I. , Lane Deirdre A , Ivany Elena , Lotto Robyn 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and prevalent atrial fibrillation (AF), the optimal stroke prevention strategy is unclear. We sought to estimate the risk of cerebrovascular events among ICH survivors with AF.

Methods:
We used the Danish Stroke Registry to identify patients with incident ICH and prevalent AF between 2003 and 2018. Key inclusion/exclusion criteria of the PRESTIGE-AF (Prevention of Stroke in Intracerebral hemorrhage Survivors With Atrial Fibrillation) trial were applied. Cumulative incidence of recurrent ICH, cerebrovascular ischemic event, and all-cause death were investigated after one year.

Results:
A total of 1885 patients (median age 80.0 years; 47.6% females) were included in the study. We observed 191 cerebrovascular events and 650 all-cause deaths, and more cerebrovascular ischemic events (N=63) than recurrent ICH events (N=40). Risks of recurrent ICH, cerebrovascular ischemic event, and all-cause death were 1.5%, 3.2%, and 30.3%, respectively, among patients not exposed to OAC during follow-up. The cumulative incidences were 2.8% for recurrent ICH, 3.2% for cerebrovascular ischemic events, and 22.0% for all-cause death among patients initiating/resuming OAC during follow-up.

Conclusions:
We observed a high risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events and a very high risk of all-cause death at one year after the incident ICH. The results of ongoing clinical trials are warranted to determine optimal stroke prevention treatment among ICH survivors with concomitant AF.