bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Women, Three Roots, Three Times, One Tree
Authors: Gunnell Terry 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: This article considers the potential connections between the three nornir mentioned in Vǫluspá and the three roots of Yggdrasill mentioned in Grímnismál st. 31 and Gylfaginning which, like the nornir themselves, may have been seen (by some) as being connected with time. This raises the possibility that, at some point and for some people, the jǫtnar were closely connected with the world of death and the underworld (which, for some, may have been associated with the east from whence the sun rises). It also raises questions about whether Urðr should be seen as referring to the past, rather than the future, and reconsiders the earlier posited idea that life, death and time were seen as being a circular process much like the natural year.
RESUME: Denne artikel omhandler den potentielle forbindelse mellem de tre nornir, der nævnes i Vǫluspá, og Yggdrasills tre rødder, der nævnes i Grímnismál st. 31 samt Gylfaginning. Ligesom nornerne selv kan de tre rødder være blevet set (af nogle) som forbundet med tid, hvilket kan betyde, at jætterne, i nogles øjne, var tæt forbundet med dødsriget og underverdenen (der, for nogle, kan have været associeret med retningen øst, hvor solen står op). Det åbner ligeledes for den mulighed, at Urðr snarere skal ses som forbundet med fremtiden, ikke fortiden. Artiklen genovervejer også en tidligere fremsat teori om, at livet, døden og tiden blev set som cirkulære processer på samme måde som årets gang.
The Damaged Bone and the Lone Mushroom
Authors: Bek-Pedersen Karen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: The article carries out a comparative exercise focusing on the Norse myth about Þórr slaughtering and then reviving his goats. It has sometimes been argued that the myth is a borrowing from a Christian legend about Saint Germanus. This is, however, problematic since similar traditions are found in Alpine, Caucasian, Sámi and even Native American contexts, in all cases with a non-Christian flavour. The article concentrates on those analogues that are closest to the Norse myth in terms of the central details and considers what might lie behind this seemingly odd distribution. The suggestion is that the central motif constitutes a shared tradition across the northern hemisphere that has its roots in the very deep layers of human history.
RESUME: Artiklen præsenterer en komparativ øvelse med fokus på den norrøne myte om Thor, der slagter sine geder og derpå vækker dem til live igen. Den teori er flere gange blevet fremsat, at myten er lånt fra en kristen helgenlegende om Sankt Germanus. Dette er imidlertid problematisk, idet lignende traditioner findes i Alperne, Kaukasus, Sápmi og endda indfødte canadiske kulturer, i alle tilfælde uden kristen forklædning. Artiklen fokuserer på de parallelle fortællinger, som følger den norrøne myte tættest med hensyn til de centrale detaljer, og overvejer, hvad der kan ligge til grund for denne løjerlige spredning. Forslaget er, at det centrale motiv udgør en fælles tradition på tværs af den nordlige halvkugle med rødder i den meget dybe historie.
The Sacrificial Festival at Uppsala
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: The source value of Adam of Bremen’s description of the pre-Christian sacrificial ritual at Uppsala is hotly debated. Some scholars emphasize that it rests on the account of an eye-witness, others that it is a compilation of Christian stereotypes of pagan cult in general. The aim of the present study is to find out what derives from genuine sacrificial cult among the Svear and what is drawn from Christian polemics. A critical analysis of Adam’s text is presented, and the sparse information from other sources on Scandinavian ritual practices is discussed. However, the essential thing is to compare with sacrificial texts, especially inscriptions, from the religions of ancient Europe and western Asia. It is shown that some details in Adam’s description may derive from oral tradition by local informants.
SAMMANDRAG Trovärdigheten i Adam av Bremens notiser om offerkulten i Gamla Uppsala är omdiskuterad. Omdömena varierar alltifrån ett ögonvittnes skildring till ett sammanplock av stereotyper om hednisk kult. Föreliggande studie granskar kritiskt innehållet i Adams notiser. Syftet är att skilja ut vad som bygger på autentisk tradition om svearnas offerpraxis och vad som utgör medeltida schabloner och kristen polemik. Uppgifter i andra källor om förkristen skandinavisk offerkult lyfts fram. Det väsentliga är dock jämförelsen med rituella texter från Europas och Västasiens gamla religioner, särskilt inskrifter. Det visar sig att vissa detaljer i Adams beskrivning kan bygga på muntlig tradition från tillförlitliga informanter.
Arkaisk religion, komparation, norrøn og mesopotamisk
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J. 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY: The contribution departs from the conceptual dilemma between ‘primary religions’ and ‘archaic religions’ relative to the trifunctional paradigm of Dumézil. Jens Peter Schjødt has shown that in the Scandivian triad of deities in Uppsala, the paradigm can be seen as abstract relations, but not through the individual gods. The trifunctional paradigm is present as an implicit inspiration, realized in an independent and original constellation. Similarly it is attempted to demonstrate the existence of the trifunctional paradigm in Mesopotamian religion, where the functions are even actually represented by deities.
RESUME: Bidraget tager udgangspunkt i det begrebslige dilemma imellem ‘primære religioner’ og ‘arkaiske religioner’ i forhold til Dumézils trefunktionelle skema. Jens Peter Schjødt har vist, at i den norrøne gudetriade i Uppsala foreligger skemaet som abstrakte relationer, men ikke gennem de enkelte gude-skikkelser. Trefunktionsskemaet er til stede som en bagvedliggende inspiration, der realiseres som en selvstændig og original konstellation. På tilsvarende vis forsøges forekomsten af det trefunktionelle skema påvist i mesopotamisk religion hvor funktionerne endda faktisk repræsenteres af gudeskikkelser.
Transforming, Transgressing and Terrorizing
Authors: Raudvere Catharina 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: The article discusses some werewolf motifs in Swedish ballads, which tell of shapeshifters of ambiguous character that change between a human and a non-human body, dwell in spaces on the fringe of the human world, and have potential to intrude into the world of humans. Some of them represent a harsh untamed wilderness, others dangers, threats, or misbehaviour inside the human community. All religious imaginaries have fantastic things to tell: myths from before time, truths about the present, and hopes for the future. But no worldview can move beyond a recognizable everyday world, and the problems presented must be relevant. Did people believe in the content of the supernatural ballads? We should rather ask whether people were able to mirror their lives and nightmares in them.
SAMMANDRAG: Artikeln diskuterar framställningen av varulvar de framträder i några svenska ballader. Dessa förmedlar bilder av varelser med tvetydig karaktär och som kan skifta mellan mänsklig och icke-mänsklig kropp, uppehålla sig på gränsen mellan det djuriska och mänskliga och med potential att tränga långt in i människornas värld. Några av dem representerar det otämjt vilda, andra faror, hot och missgärningar i den mänskliga gemenskapen. Alla religiösa bildvärldar har fantastiska saker att förmedla: myter från före tidens gryning, sanningar om det nuvarande och hopp om framtiden. Men ingen världsbild kan röra sig bortom det vardagligt gripbara och problemen som formuleras måste vara relevanta. Trodde människor verkligen på de övernaturliga tematikerna i balladerna? Vi kanske hellre ska fråga om de kunde spegla sina liv och mardrömmar i dem.
From Barbarian to Lord
Authors: Nordvig Mathias 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: The chapter investigates the influence of Männerbund-theories on Neopagan, alt-right author Jack Donovan’s literature from 2012 to 2021. As an author and opinion-maker, Donovan has proposed a radical deconstruction of American society and rebuilding in male tribal gangs. This anarcho-libertarian vision for society, coupled with strong misogynist tendencies, has been a core element in the so-called ‘manosphere’ discussions in the rise of the American alt-right, and Donovan’s associations with these groups has earned him a reputation as a white supremacist. This chapter discusses the historical influences on Donovan’s thinking in a perspective that looks beyond attempts to categorize the author’s political position.
RESUME: Dette kapitel undersøger indflydelsen fra Männerbund-teorier på den neopaganistiske, amerikanske alt-right-forfatter Jack Donovans litteratur i perioden 2012 til 2021. Som forfatter og meningsdanner har Donovan foreslået en komplet omkalfatring af det amerikanske samfund til en tilstand bestående af mandsdominerede stammesamfund. Denne anarko-libertarianske vision for et samfund har sammen med forfatterens omfattende misogyni været et kerneelement i den såkaldte ‘mandesfære’- debat, der har fulgt den amerikanske alt-right-bevægelse fra begyndelsen. Donovans associationer med alt-right-grupper og individer har resulteret i, at han har fået et ry som fortaler for hvidt herredømme. Dette kapitel diskuterer de historiske indflydelser på Donovans tænkning i et perspektiv, der ser udover forskellige forsøg på at kategorisere forfatterens politiske tilhørsforhold.
Serum expression of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin, CD44, Human High mobility group B1, Kallikrein 6 proteins in different stages of laryngeal intraepithelial lesions and early glottis cancer
Authors: Żurek Michał , Rzepakowska Anna , Kotuła Iwona , Demkow Urszula , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: April 2022

Background
The study was designed to evaluate the potential validity and utility of selected molecular markers in serum samples from patients with specific stages of laryngeal intraepithelial lesions that could serve as diagnostic tools in differentiation of benign and dysplastic lesions from invasive pathologies.

Methods
Prospective study included 80 consecutive patients with vocal fold lesions treated at the single otorhinolaryngology centre. All participants had surgical resection of the lesion. Blood samples were collected from each patient before the surgery. Final diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination and included 39 (48.75%) non-dysplastic lesions, eight (10%) low-grade dysplasia, six (7.5%) high-grade dysplasia and 27 (33.75%) invasive cancers. The ELISA procedures were performed according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Individual serum concentration of selected proteins was reported in ng/ml: Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Complex (VE-cad), CD44, Human High mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), Kallikrein 6.

Results
The highest mean levels of HMGB1, KLK6 and VE-cad were detected in sera of patients with low-grade dysplasia (81.14, 24.33, 14.17 respectively). Soluble CD44 was the most elevated in patients with non-dysplastic lesions (2.49). The HMGB1, KLK6 and VE-cad serum levels were increasing from non-dysplastic to low-grade dysplasia and followed by the decrease for high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer, however the differences were not significant (p-values 0.897, 0.354, 0.1 respectively). Patients’ serum had the highest CD44 concentration in non-dysplastic and low-grade dysplasia with the following decrease through high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer. GERD symptomatic patients had higher levels of KLK6 and CD44 than other patients (p-value 0.06 and 0.084 respectively). There were no significant differences of biomarkers levels related to patients’ gender (p-value from 0.243 to 1) or smoking status (p-value from 0.22 to 0.706).

Conclusions
VE-cad, HMGB1, CD44 and KLK6 did not prove to be reliable biomarkers implicating malignant potential within vocal fold hypertrophic intraepithelial lesions.
Unconscious priming shares a common resource pool with the manipulation subsystem
Authors: Mao Xuechen , Li Anmin 
Published: April 2022

Background
Working memory can be subdivided into two relatively independent subordinate systems, the maintenance subsystem and the manipulation subsystem. Although the two subsystems are quite heterogeneous, research thus far has not adequately distinguished the resource pools of the two subsystems. Additionally, previous research on the relationship between working memory and unconscious priming is paradoxical. Different subsystems leading to different effects on unconscious priming might be the reason for the paradoxical research. Therefore, the current article aimed to distinguish the resource pools among two working-memory subsystems and to investigate the relationship between the two subsystems and unconscious priming.

Methods
To address these issues, a maintenance dual-task and a manipulation dual-task program were developed. Each participant had to separately perform the two dual tasks in a balanced order. In each dual task, participants first completed a masked priming task accompanied by working-memory load. As a control, participants completed a prime identification test to confirm that the processing of the masked prime was at the unconscious level. The maintenance dual task comprised sandwich masking trials accompanied by Sternberg trials, while the manipulation dual task comprised sandwich masking trials accompanied by N-back trials.

Results
The results of the prime identification test indicated that the participants could not consciously perceive the masked prime of both dual tasks. The results of the working-memory task of both dual tasks indicated that the load manipulation was successful for both dual tasks. Most importantly, the results of the masking task of both dual tasks showed that an increase in working-memory load decreased the magnitude of unconscious priming in the manipulation dual task, whereas an increase in working-memory load did not decrease unconscious priming in the maintenance dual task. These observations demonstrate that the manipulation subsystem, rather than the maintenance subsystem, interferes with unconscious priming. Together with previous research, we propose a two-pool attention resource model to explain the modulation of working memory on unconscious priming by dissociating the executive resource pool of the manipulation system from the retention resource pool of the maintenance system. Thus, the current work confirms and extends the extant literature about the dependence of unconscious processing on attention resources by suggesting that unconscious priming shares a common resource pool with the manipulation subsystem.
Administration of High-Risk Medication: A Hospital Based Prospective Study
Authors: Bansal Seema , Chowdary Rajeev , Shrama Prakashchand , V. Tom Dawn 
Published: April 2022

Background: High-risk medicines are outlined as those medicines that have a high risk of inflicting pain or death once employed to patients in error. Hence, this work was done to identify key parameters of mishandling observed by the administration on high-risk medication.
Methods: The audit team conjointly assessed compliance with policies and tips associated with the administration of medication. Moreover, key documents including several of the nursing ability checklists were reviewed. The major attributes are taken as ICU, ER, Wards, Pre-Post-Operative & CCU. The measurable elements include documented policies, and procedures for medication administration; close monitoring on records for adverse drug incidents. Analysis revealed that a significant improvement in high-risk medicine accessibility along with the provision of a list of drugs, high-risk medicines were still found at patient bedside in few scenarios. Nurses were found to be highly knowledgeable regarding high-risk medications policies but fall short in executing them at workstations.
Results: Findings suggest that there is a need for revision in policies concerning high-risk medicines placement and storage; and also, they must be separated from the usually used medicines; timely training programs should be conducted for staff and individual attention. Documentation related to high-risk medicines starting from prescription, double authentication, verification, pre-, and post-administration should be improvised. Special attention needs to be paid to reporting medication errors like prescription errors; adverse drug reactions related to high-risk medicine administration.
Health Care Utilization in Systemic Sclerosis Patients With Digital Ulcers
Authors: Nevskaya Tatiana , Calderon Leonardo M. , Baron Murray , Pope Janet E. ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveDigital ulcers (DUs) occur in half of the patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and require health care interventions for treatment and monitoring for complications. Our objective was to assess the impact of DUs on resource utilization, including hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and procedures within a large SSc Canadian registry in a matched cohort study.MethodsA total of 1,698 SSc patients who completed 1 or more 84‐item Resource Utilization Questionnaire (RUQ) for a 12‐month recall period between September 2005 and February 2020 were included (9,077 questionnaires). Organ involvement was assessed by the Disease Severity Scale (DSS) on the Medsger scale. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses compared the association between DUs and resource utilization.ResultsRUQs in 104 SSc patients with active DUs at 2 consecutive annual visits were compared with 104 patients without DUs matched 1:1 for age, sex, disease subtype, and duration. Over 1 year, DUs were associated with a higher number of tests (P ˂ 0.05) and visits to health professionals, especially to a rheumatologist (P ˂ 0.0001) and internist (P = 0.003), a greater need for an accompanying person (P ˂ 0.05), and aids purchased/received (P ˂ 0.05). Having DUs was associated with more severe disease, even after excluding the peripheral vascular domain from a total DSS score (9.7 ± 4.5 versus 5.6 ± 2.7, P ˂ 0.0001). After adjustment for disease severity in other organs, the presence of DUs remained a significant predictor of more frequent physician visits and more tests (P for all ˂ 0.05) by linear regression analysis.ConclusionSSc patients with DUs used significantly more health care resources per year even after adjustment for disease severity in other organ systems.
Sampled‐data adaptive nonlinear control of shunt power filters
Authors: Abouelmahjoub Younes , Giri Fouad , Abouloifa Abdelmajid , Chaoui Fatima‐Zahra , Kissaoui Mohammed , Lajouad Rachid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study is on the control of shunt power filters associated with nonlinear loads. Specifically, The focus is made on single‐phase half‐bridge filters and the aim is to design a controller meeting two requirements: (1) the effect of current harmonics and reactive power is compensated for so that a power factor close to unity is achieved at the point of common coupling (PCC); (2) the inverter DC bus voltage is satisfactorily regulated. To meet these requirements, we propose a (two‐loop) cascade adaptive controller that is designed on the basis of the system nonlinear model, using Lyapunov stability tools. Compared to existing controllers, the present controller has three major features. It is adaptive compensating for parameter uncertainty. It is output feedback in the sense that it involves an observer estimating online the inaccessible signals. It is sampled‐data and so is immediately implementable using digital means. In addition to theoretical analysis, the performances of the proposed controller are evaluated by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conduction, a Multifunctional Property in Organic Conductors
Authors: Tan Siew Ting Melissa , Gumyusenge Aristide , Quill Tyler James , LeCroy Garrett Swain , Bonacchini Giorgio Ernesto , Denti Ilaria , Salleo Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs) have gained recent interest and rapid development due to their versatility in diverse applications ranging from sensing, actuation and computation to energy harvesting/storage, and information transfer. Their multifunctional properties arise from their ability to simultaneously participate in redox reactions as well as modulation of ionic and electronic charge density throughout the bulk of the material. Most importantly, the ability to access charge states with deep modulation through a large extent of its density of states and physical volume of the material enables OMIEC‐based devices to display exciting new characteristics and opens up new degrees of freedom in device design. Leveraging the infinite possibilities of the organic synthetic toolbox, this perspective highlights several chemical and structural design approaches to modify OMIECs’ properties important in device applications such as electronic and ionic conductivity, color, modulus, etc. Additionally, the ability for OMIECs to respond to external stimuli and transduce signals to myriad types of outputs has accelerated their development in smart systems. This perspective further illustrates how various stimuli such as electrical, chemical, and optical inputs fundamentally change OMIECs’ properties dynamically and how these changes can be utilized in device applications.
Strain Modulation for Light‐Stable n–i–p Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lina , Song Qizhen , Pei Fengtao , Chen Yihua , Dou Jie , Wang Hao , Shi Congbo , Zhang Xiao , Fan Rundong , Zhou Wentao , Qiu Zhiwen , Kang Jiaqian , Wang Xueyun , Lambertz Andreas , Sun Mengru , Niu Xiuxiu , Ma Yue , Zhu Cheng , Zhou Huanping , Hong Jiawang , Bai Yang , Duan Weiyuan , Ding Kaining , Chen Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are promising to penetrate photovoltaic market. However, the wide‐bandgap perovskite absorbers used in top‐cell often suffer severe phase segregation under illumination, which restricts the operation lifetime of tandem solar cells. Here, a strain modulation strategy to fabricate light‐stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is reported. By employing adenosine triphosphate, the residual tensile strain in the wide‐bandgap perovskite absorber is successfully converted to compressive strain, which mitigates light‐induced ion migration and phase segregation. Based on the wide‐bandgap perovskite with compressive strain, single‐junction solar cells with the n–i–p layout yield a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.53% with the smallest voltage deficits of 440 mV. These cells also maintain 83.60% of initial PCE after 2500 h operation at the maximum power point. Finally, these top cells are integrated with silicon bottom cells in a monolithic tandem device, which achieves a PCE of 26.95% and improved light stability at open‐circuit.