bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring Exoplanet Disequilibria with Multivariate Information in Atmospheric Reaction Networks
Authors: Fisher Theresa , Kim Hyunju , Millsaps Camerian , Line Michael , Walker Sara I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inferring properties of exoplanets from their atmospheres presents technical challenges in data collection due to low resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and theoretical challenges in the predictions made from forward-modeling due to errors introduced via incomplete or inaccurate assumptions in atmospheric physics and chemistry. The combination of these factors makes developing techniques to identify the most predictive features robust to low S/N and model error an increasingly important challenge for exoplanet science. Here we implement a multivariate approach to identify optimal predictors of the state of disequilibria. As a case study we focus on the prediction of vertical mixing (parameterized as eddy diffusion) in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We use multivariate information contained in molecular abundances, reaction network topology, and Gibbs free energy to demonstrate the variation in prediction efficacy of the vertical mixing coefficient (K
zz) from different model information. While current approaches target inferring molecular abundances from spectral data, our results indicate that the set of optimal predictors of K
zz varies with planetary properties such as irradiation temperature and metallicity. In most cases, multivariate data composed of network topological variables, which capture system-level features, perform as well as the set of optimal predictors and better than any individual variable. We discuss future directions, where identifying the set of optimal predictors should be useful for quantitatively ranking atmospheres in terms of their distance from thermochemical equilibrium, provide target variables for the development of new tools for inverse modeling, and provide applications to the longer-term goal of detection of disequilibria associated with life.
Toward a Data-driven Model of the Sky from Low Earth Orbit as Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Caddy Sarah E. , Spitler Lee R. , Ellis Simon C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sky observed by space telescopes in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can be dominated by stray light from multiple sources including Earth, Sun, and Moon. This stray light presents a significant challenge to missions that aim to make a secure measurement of the extragalactic background light (EBL). In this work, we quantify the impact of stray light on sky observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys. By selecting on orbital parameters, we successfully isolate images with sky that contain minimal and high levels of earthshine. In addition, we find weather observations from CERES satellites correlate with the observed HST sky surface brightness indicating the value of incorporating such data to characterize the sky. Finally, we present a machine-learning model of the sky trained on the data used in this work to predict the total observed sky surface brightness. We demonstrate that our initial model is able to predict the total sky brightness under a range of conditions to within 3.9% of the true measured sky. Moreover, we find that the model matches the stray-light-free observations better than current physical zodiacal light models.
Growth of Outward Propagating Fast-magnetosonic/Whistler Waves in the Inner Heliosphere Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: He Jiansen , Wang Ying , Zhu Xingyu , Duan Die , Verscharen Daniel , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The solar wind in the inner heliosphere has been observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to exhibit abundant wave activities. The cyclotron wave modes responding to ions or electrons are among the most crucial wave components. However, their origin and evolution in the inner heliosphere close to the Sun remains a mystery. Specifically, it remains unknown whether it is an emitted signal from the solar atmosphere or an eigenmode growing locally in the heliosphere due to plasma instability. To address and resolve this controversy, we must investigate the key quantity of the energy change rate of the wave mode. We develop a new technique to measure the energy change rate of plasma waves, and apply this technique to the wave electromagnetic fields measured by PSP. We provide the wave Poynting flux in the solar wind frame, identify the wave nature to be the outward propagating fast-magnetosonic/whistler wave mode instead of the sunward propagating waves. We provide the first evidence for growth of the fast-magnetosonic/whistler wave mode in the inner heliosphere based on the derived spectra of the real and imaginary parts of the wave frequencies. The energy change rate rises and stays at a positive level in the same wavenumber range as the bumps of the electromagnetic field power spectral densities, clearly manifesting that the observed fast-magnetosonic/whistler waves are locally growing to a large amplitude.
Measurement of n- and l-resolved State-selective Charge Exchange in Ar8+ Collision with He
Authors: Xia Z. H. , Ren B. , Zhang R. T. , Wei L. , Han J. , Meng T. , Wang J. , Ma P. , Zhang Y. , Tu B. , Xiao J. , Yao K. , Zou Y. , Zhu X. L. , Guo D. L. , Ma X. , Wei B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The state-resolved capture cross sections for principal n and orbital angular momentum l play an important role in modeling soft X-ray emissions induced by charge exchange for many astrophysical environments. However, the empirical and semiclassical theories used to produce these data of n- and l-resolved state-selective capture have not been well tested. Using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy apparatus at Fudan University, we perform a series of measurements of Ar8+ ion charge exchange with He in the collision energy range from 1.4 to 20 keV u−1. We find that electrons are mainly captured in the n = 4 state of Ar7+ ions. This agrees with the prediction of the scaling law for n capture. Moreover, the relative cross sections are reported for 4s-, 4p-, 4d-, and 4f-resolved state-selective capture. The often used analytical l distributions in the astrophysical literature are evaluated by comparing to the measurements.
HCN Snow Lines in Protoplanetary Disks: Constraints from Ice Desorption Experiments
Authors: Bergner Jennifer B. , Rajappan Mahesh , Öberg Karin I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HCN is among the most commonly detected molecules in star- and planet-forming regions. It is of broad interest as a tracer of star formation physics, a probe of nitrogen astrochemistry, and an ingredient in prebiotic chemical schemes. Despite this, one of the most fundamental astrochemical properties of HCN remains poorly characterized: its thermal desorption behavior. Here, we present a series of experiments to characterize the thermal desorption of HCN in astrophysically relevant conditions, with a focus on predicting the HCN sublimation fronts in protoplanetary disks. We derive HCN–HCN and HCN–H2O binding energies of 3207 ± 197 and 4192 ± 68 K, which translate to disk midplane sublimation temperatures around 85 and 103 K. For a typical midplane temperature profile, HCN should only begin to sublimate ∼1–2 au exterior to the H2O snow line. Additionally, in H2O-dominated mixtures (20:1 H2O:HCN), we find that the majority of HCN remains trapped in the ice until H2O crystallizes. Thus, HCN may be retained in disk ices at almost all radii where H2O-rich planetesimals form. This implies that icy body impacts to planetary surfaces should commonly deliver this potential prebiotic ingredient. A remaining unknown is the extent to which HCN is pure or mixed with H2O in astrophysical ices, which impacts the HCN desorption behavior as well as the outcomes of ice-phase chemistry. Pure HCN and HCN:H2O mixtures exhibit distinct IR bands, raising the possibility that the James Webb Space Telescope will elucidate the mixing environment of HCN in star- and planet-forming regions and address these open questions.
BASS. XXX. Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington Ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-Ray Luminosities
Authors: Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Weigel Anna K. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Koss Michael J. , Urry C. Megan , Ricci Claudio , Hickox Ryan C. , Treister Ezequiel , Bauer Franz E. , Ueda Yoshihiro , Mushotzky Richard , Ricci Federica , Oh Kyuseok , Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Brok Jakob Den , Stern Daniel , Powell Meredith C. , Caglar Turgay , Ichikawa Kohei , Wong O. Ivy , Harrison Fiona A. , Schawinski Kevin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We determine the low-redshift X-ray luminosity function, active black hole mass function (BHMF), and Eddington ratio distribution function (ERDF) for both unobscured (Type 1) and obscured (Type 2) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using the unprecedented spectroscopic completeness of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) data release 2. In addition to a straightforward 1/V
max approach, we also compute the intrinsic distributions, accounting for sample truncation by employing a forward-modeling approach to recover the observed BHMF and ERDF. As previous BHMFs and ERDFs have been robustly determined only for samples of bright, broad-line (Type 1) AGNs and/or quasars, ours are the first directly observationally constrained BHMF and ERDF of Type 2 AGNs. We find that after accounting for all observational biases, the intrinsic ERDF of Type 2 AGNs is significantly more skewed toward lower Eddington ratios than the intrinsic ERDF of Type 1 AGNs. This result supports the radiation-regulated unification scenario, in which radiation pressure dictates the geometry of the dusty obscuring structure around an AGN. Calculating the ERDFs in two separate mass bins, we verify that the derived shape is consistent, validating the assumption that the ERDF (shape) is mass-independent. We report the local AGN duty cycle as a function of mass and Eddington ratio, by comparing the BASS active BHMF with the local mass function for all supermassive black holes. We also present the

log
N
−
log
S

of the Swift/BAT 70 month sources.
BASS. XXV. DR2 Broad-line-based Black Hole Mass Estimates and Biases from Obscuration
Authors: Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Koss Michael J. , Oh Kyuseok , den Brok Jakob , Stern Daniel , Powell Meredith C. , Ricci Federica , Caglar Turgay , Ricci Claudio , Bauer Franz E. , Treister Ezequiel , Harrison Fiona A. , Urry C. M. , Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Asmus Daniel , Assef Roberto J. , Bär Rudolf E. , Bessiere Patricia S. , Burtscher Leonard , Ichikawa Kohei , Kakkad Darshan , Kamraj Nikita , Mushotzky Richard , Privon George C. , Rojas Alejandra F. , Sani Eleonora , Schawinski Kevin , Veilleux Sylvain 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present measurements of broad emission lines and virial estimates of supermassive black hole masses (M
BH) for a large sample of ultrahard X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as part of the second data release of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS/DR2). Our catalog includes M
BH estimates for a total of 689 AGNs, determined from the Hα, Hβ, Mg ii
λ2798, and/or C iv
λ1549 broad emission lines. The core sample includes a total of 512 AGNs drawn from the 70 month Swift/BAT all-sky catalog. We also provide measurements for 177 additional AGNs that are drawn from deeper Swift/BAT survey data. We study the links between M
BH estimates and line-of-sight obscuration measured from X-ray spectral analysis. We find that broad Hα emission lines in obscured AGNs (

log
(

N

H

/

cm

−
2

)
>
22.0

) are on average a factor of

8.0

−
2.4

+
4.1

weaker relative to ultrahard X-ray emission and about

35

−
12

+
7

% narrower than those in unobscured sources (i.e.,

log
(

N

H

/

cm

−
2

)
<
21.5

). This indicates that the innermost part of the broad-line region is preferentially absorbed. Consequently, current single-epoch M
BH prescriptions result in severely underestimated (>1 dex) masses for Type 1.9 sources (AGNs with broad Hα but no broad Hβ) and/or sources with

log
(

N

H

/

cm

−
2

)
≳
22.0

. We provide simple multiplicative corrections for the observed luminosity and width of the broad Hα component (L[bHα] and FWHM[bHα]) in such sources to account for this effect and to (partially) remedy M
BH estimates for Type 1.9 objects. As a key ingredient of BASS/DR2, our work provides the community with the data needed to further study powerful AGNs in the low-redshift universe.
BASS. XXII. The BASS DR2 AGN Catalog and Data
Authors: Koss Michael J. , Ricci Claudio , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Oh Kyuseok , den Brok Jakob S. , Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Stern Daniel , Privon George C. , Treister Ezequiel , Powell Meredith C. , Mushotzky Richard , Bauer Franz E. , Ananna Tonima T. , Baloković Mislav , Bär Rudolf E. , Becker George , Bessiere Patricia , Burtscher Leonard , Caglar Turgay , Congiu Enrico , Evans Phil , Harrison Fiona , Heida Marianne , Ichikawa Kohei , Kamraj Nikita , Lamperti Isabella , Pacucci Fabio , Ricci Federica , Riffel Rogério , Rojas Alejandra F. , Schawinski Kevin , Temple Matthew J. , Urry C. Megan , Veilleux Sylvain , Williams Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the active galactic nucleus (AGN) catalog and optical spectroscopy for the second data release of the Swift BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS DR2). With this DR2 release we provide 1449 optical spectra, of which 1182 are released for the first time, for the 858 hard-X-ray-selected AGNs in the Swift BAT 70-month sample. The majority of the spectra (801/1449, 55%) are newly obtained from Very Large Telescope (VLT)/X-shooter or Palomar/Doublespec. Many of the spectra have both higher resolution (R > 2500, N ∼ 450) and/or very wide wavelength coverage (3200–10000 Å, N ∼ 600) that are important for a variety of AGN and host galaxy studies. We include newly revised AGN counterparts for the full sample and review important issues for population studies, with 47 AGN redshifts determined for the first time and 790 black hole mass and accretion rate estimates. This release is spectroscopically complete for all AGNs (100%, 858/858), with 99.8% having redshift measurements (857/858) and 96% completion in black hole mass estimates of unbeamed AGNs (722/752). This AGN sample represents a unique census of the brightest hard-X-ray-selected AGNs in the sky, spanning many orders of magnitude in Eddington ratio (L/L
Edd = 10−5–100), black hole mass (M
BH = 105–1010
M
⊙), and AGN bolometric luminosity (L
bol = 1040–1047 erg s−1 ).
BASS. XXI. The Data Release 2 Overview
Authors: Koss Michael J. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Ricci Claudio , Bauer Franz E. , Treister Ezequiel , Mushotzky Richard , Urry C. Megan , Ananna Tonima T. , Baloković Mislav , den Brok Jakob S. , Cenko S. Bradley , Harrison Fiona , Ichikawa Kohei , Lamperti Isabella , Lein Amy , Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Oh Kyuseok , Pacucci Fabio , Pfeifle Ryan W. , Powell Meredith C. , Privon George C. , Ricci Federica , Salvato Mara , Schawinski Kevin , Shimizu Taro , Smith Krista L. , Stern Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) is designed to provide a highly complete census of the key physical parameters of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that power local active galactic nuclei (AGNs) (z ≲ 0.3), including their bolometric luminosity (L
bol), black hole (BH) mass (M
BH), accretion rates (L
bol/L
Edd), line-of-sight gas obscuration (N
H), and the distinctive properties of their host galaxies (e.g., star formation rates, masses, and gas fractions). We present an overview of the second data release of BASS (DR2), an unprecedented spectroscopic AGN survey in spectral range, resolution, and sensitivity, including 1449 optical (∼3200 Å–1 μm) and 233 near-IR (1–2.5 μm) spectra for the brightest 858 ultrahard X-ray (14–195 keV) selected AGNs across the entire sky and essentially all levels of obscuration. This release provides a highly complete set of key measurements (emission-line measurements and central velocity dispersions), with 99.9% measured redshifts and 98% BH masses estimated (for unbeamed AGNs outside the Galactic plane). The BASS DR2 AGN sample represents a unique census of nearby powerful AGNs, spanning over 5 orders of magnitude in AGN bolometric luminosity (L
bol ∼ 1040–1047 erg s−1), BH mass (M
BH ∼ 105–1010
M
⊙), Eddington ratio (L
bol/L
Edd ≳ 10−5), and obscuration (N
H ∼ 1020–1025 cm−2). The public BASS DR2 sample and measurements can thus be used to answer fundamental questions about SMBH growth and its links to host galaxy evolution and feedback in the local universe, as well as open questions concerning SMBH physics. Here we provide a brief overview of the survey strategy, the key BASS DR2 measurements, data sets and catalogs, and scientific highlights from a series of DR2-based works pursued by the BASS team.
Participation in Software Development
Authors: Harvey Francis , Moldovan Aura , Losang Eric , Leibert Tim , Turchenko Maria , Simon Nicola , Bender Rowenia 
Published: July 2022

Participatory planning holds important lessons for improving local government capabilities and responsiveness, but overall procedural regulations and statutory frameworks make its relevance for participatory IT development often just a matter of compliance. Developing analytical visualisations to support local government faces significant challenges because of the complexity and uncertainty about long-term benefits. We designed the process and local government staff understood their participation in an organised process. After each segment and the programming implementation, a new version of the software integrates improvements for participants.The participation process involved staff from ultimately 18 local governments. Participation became a verb describing the process that informed the directions to which we took up local government input.
First line anlotinib plus liposomal doxorubicin for locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhang Ranxin , Xu Jie , Xie Lu , Guo Wei 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To examine the efficacy and safety of anlotinib as first- line therapy to treat locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma.

Methods:
This is a single-arm trial. Treatment-naïve patients (≥14 years) with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma were eligible. Each treatment cycle lasted for 3 weeks, and included liposomal doxorubicin (40-50 mg/m2) on day 1 and anlotinib (12 mg) on days 8-21. Starting from the 9th cycle, treatment consisted of only anlotinib. Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. The primary efficacy end point was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:
Eight patients were enrolled between July 25, 2019 and January 8, 2020. The median number of treatment cycles was 5.5. Within 5.9 months median follow-up, PFS events occurred in 4 (4/8, 50%) patients. The median PFS was 11.3 months and the 6-month PFS rate was 56%. No patients attained complete response and 2 patients (fibrosarcoma, 1 patient and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, 1 patient) achieved partial response. Three patients (fibrosarcoma, 2 patients and synovial sarcoma, 1 patient) had stable disease. The objective response rate was 25% (2/8) for the study population, and the disease control rate was 75% (6/8). No new safety concerns emerged.

Conclusions:
Anlotinib plus liposomal doxorubicin demonstrated antitumor activities in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas. Due to the small sample size, further investigations with a larger population should be undertaken to confirm the study findings.
Effectiveness of Thermal Screening for COVID-19
Authors: Rajiva Colonel , Singh Pardall Maninder Pal , Kandukuri Venkata A. , Bobdey Saurabh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Fever is a common symptom in most infections, and its rapid identification forms a major component of screening efforts. Such screening has been carried out by several countries during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and during the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Infrared scanner-based non-contact (IRSBNC) thermometer was used to measure the forehead skin temperature. A conventional mercury thermometer was used to measure the core body temperature. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all the study subjects. Data collection was unlinked and anonymous, thereby maintaining privacy and confidentiality. A large sample size of 414 study subjects was taken. Data so collected were subject to appropriate statistical tests. The same data were utilized to run a simulation-based Susceptible Exposed Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model regarding the percentage of infectors likely to escape thermal screening and its epidemiological impact using MATLAB software.

Results:
The mean forehead skin temperature of the study subjects as measured by an IRSBNC thermometer was 96.79°F. The mean oral temperature of the study subjects as measured by a conventional mercury thermometer was 97.33°F. The difference between the two means was statistically significant with a t-value of 8.16 (P < 0.01). The forehead skin temperature as measured by an IRSBNC thermometer and oral temperature as measured by a conventional mercury thermometer showed a poor correlation coefficient of 0.11. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) of IRSBNC thermometer work out to 0.5384, 0.7087, 0.1102, and 0.9581, respectively. The false positive rate is 0.2912; and the false negative rate is 0.0309. The values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, NPV, false positive rate, and false negative rate of IRSBNC thermometer estimated using standard statistical tests are not much different from the results obtained by the simulation-based model.

Conclusion:
Based on the previous literature available and on the findings of the present study, which have been further validated by running a simulation-based model, the workers recommend that not too much reliance be placed on thermal screening by the IRSBNC thermometer. IRSBNC thermometers are of limited utility in thermal screening for Covid-19.