bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New horizons in Type 2 myocardial infarction: pathogenesis, assessment and management of an emerging geriatric disease
Authors: Putot Alain , Putot Sophie , Chagué Frédéric , Cottin Yves , Zeller Marianne , Manckoundia Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is characterised by a functional imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand in the absence of a thrombotic process, leading to myocardial necrosis. This type of MI was relatively unknown among clinicians until the third universal definition of MI was published in 2017, differentiating Type 2 from Type 1 MI, which follows an acute atherothrombotic event. The pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Type 2 MI are described in the present review. Type 2 MI is a condition that is strongly linked to age because of vascular ageing concerning both epicardic vessels and microcirculation, age-related atherosclerosis and stress maladaptation. This condition predominantly affects multimorbid individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease. However, the conditions that lead to the functional imbalance between oxygen supply and demand are frequently extra-cardiac (e.g. pneumonia or anaemia). The great heterogeneity of the underlying etiological factors requires a comprehensive approach that is tailored to each case. In the absence of evidence for the benefit of invasive reperfusion strategies, the treatment of Type 2 MI remains to date essentially based on the restoration of the balance between oxygen supply and demand. For older co-morbid patients with Type 2 MI, geriatricians and cardiologists need to work together to optimise etiological investigations, treatment and prevention of predisposing conditions and precipitating factors.
Impact of Asleep and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Data on the Prevalence of Masked Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Poudel Bharat , Chen Ligong , Sakhuja Swati , Jaeger Byron C , Viera Anthony J , Shimbo Daichi , Clark Donald , Anstey David Edmund , Lin Feng-Chang , Lewis Cora E , Shikany James M , Rana Jamal S , Correa Adolfo , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Schwartz Joseph E , Muntner Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe pooled ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data from 5 US studies, including the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, the Masked Hypertension Study, the Improving the Detection of Hypertension Study, and the North Carolina Masked Hypertension Study. Using a cross-sectional study design, we estimated differences in the prevalence of masked hypertension by race/ethnicity when out-of-office blood pressure (BP) included awake, asleep, and 24-hour BP vs. awake BP alone.METHODSWe restricted the analyses to participants with office systolic BP (SBP) &lt;130 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) &lt;80 mm Hg. High awake BP was defined as mean SBP/DBP ≥130/80 mm Hg, high asleep BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥110/65 mm Hg, and high 24-hour BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥125/75 mm Hg.RESULTSAmong participants not taking antihypertensive medication (n = 1,292), the prevalence of masked hypertension with out-of-office BP defined by awake BP alone or by awake, asleep, or 24-hour BP was 34.5% and 48.7%, respectively, among non-Hispanic White, 39.7% and 67.6% among non-Hispanic Black, and 19.4% and 35.1% among Hispanic participants. After multivariable adjustment, non-Hispanic Black were more likely than non-Hispanic White participants to have masked hypertension by asleep or 24-hour BP but not awake BP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.14 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.15) and by asleep or 24-hour BP and awake BP (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.12–2.32) vs. not having masked hypertension.CONCLUSIONSAssessing asleep and 24-hour BP measures increases the prevalence of masked hypertension more among non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic White individuals.
Race, Region, and the Black Midwest in the Dunbar Decades
Authors: Leslie Alex Zweber 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I show how Paul Laurence Dunbar, today most associated with plantation poetry, successfully utilized Midwestern identity as an alternative site for Black expression and cultural affiliation. Writing in Midwestern dialects and tropes, Dunbar was able to become widely recognized as a Midwestern writer and in doing so compel white readers to place regional belonging over racial alterity as a framework for interpreting cultural difference even at the height of Jim Crow. Moreover, I argue that Dunbar intermixed regional conventions with racial ones, leveraging their commonalities to depict a Black Midwest. For a new wave of Black writers and reading communities in the region, Dunbar became a pivotal model of the possibilities of Black Midwestern cultural life. Reading Dunbar regionally illuminates a more dynamic relationship between popular conceptions of race and of region, rich with possible alternative aesthetic affinities and circulatory potential.[T]he wide-reaching success of Dunbar’s [Midwestern writing] shows that. . . . [u]nder the right print conditions, regional belonging could take precedence over racial alterity.
Occurrence of triploids in oil palm and their origin
Authors: Pomiès V , Turnbull N , Le Squin S , Syahputra I , Suryana E , Durand-Gasselin T , Cochard B , Bakry F 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOil palms showing exceptional vigour and dubbed as ‘giant palms’ were identified in some progeny during breeding. A panel of phenotypical traits were studied to characterize these trees. The hypothesis that gigantism and other anomalies might be linked to polyploidy was investigated.MethodsTwenty sib pairs of palms from different crosses, each comprising a giant and a normal oil palm, were studied by flow cytometry with rice ‘Nipponbare’ as standard reference. In parallel, palms were assessed in the field using 11 phenotypic traits. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to define relationships between these phenotypical traits, and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to predict ploidy level and giant classification. Finally, a co-dominant molecular marker study was implemented to highlight the sexual process leading to the formation of 2n gametes.Key ResultsThe first group of oil palms presented an oil palm/rice peak ratio of around 4.8 corresponding to diploid oil palms, whereas the second group presented a ratio of around 7, classifying these plants as triploid. The PCA enabled the classification of the plants in three classes: 21 were normal diploid palms; ten were giant diploid palms; while 11 were giant triploid palms. The LDA revealed three predictors for ploidy classification: phyllotaxy, petiole size and circumference of the plant, but surprisingly not height. The molecular study revealed that triploid palms arose from 2n gametes resulting from the second division restitution of meiosis in parents.ConclusionsThis study confirms and details the process of sexual polyploidization in oil palm. It also identifies three phenotypical traits to assess the ploidy level of the giant oil palms in the field. In practical terms, our results provide a cheap scientific method to identify polyploid palms in the field.
Research Engagement and Research Culture in Spanish Language Teaching (SLT): Empowering the Profession
Authors: Gironzetti Elisa , Muñoz-Basols Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTeacher training programs and models recognize research engagement as a key competency of qualified professionals. However, despite current calls from scholars to bridge the divide between research and practice in second language teaching, little is known about how teaching professionals engage with existing research or carry out their own research. This study is the first to address this issue with regards to Spanish Language Teaching (SLT) professionals, aiming to understand if and how they engage with and in research, and identify what they would need to increase their engagement. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of online survey responses from 1,675 SLT professionals from 84 countries show that research engagement is dependent on the job description. Coding of free-text responses into eight themes (motivation, prestige, support, training, professionalization, resources, community, and research areas) reveals that the main barrier to greater research engagement is lack of support. Our results contribute to the understanding of the concepts of research engagement and research culture within the context of SLT and inform future initiatives to strengthen the research-practice nexus.
Genome evolution related to γ-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic function in the soil microbial population
Authors: Kato Hiromi , Su Lijun , Tanaka Ayami , Katsu Honami , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Otsuka Shigeto , Senoo Keishi , Nagata Yuji 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH)-degrading strain, Sphingobium sp. TA15, was newly isolated from an experimental field soil from which the archetypal γ-HCH-degrading strain, S. japonicum UT26, was isolated previously. Comparison of the complete genome sequences of these 2 strains revealed that TA15 shares the same basic genome backbone with UT26, but also has the variable regions that are presumed to have changed either from UT26 or from a putative common ancestor. Organization and localization of lin genes of TA15 were different from those of UT26. It was inferred that transposition of IS6100 had played a crucial role in these genome rearrangements. The accumulation of toxic dead-end products in TA15 was lower than in UT26, suggesting that TA15 utilizes γ-HCH more effectively than UT26. These results suggested that genome evolution related to the γ-HCH metabolic function in the soil microbial population is ongoing.
Context-aware learning for cancer cell nucleus recognition in pathology images
Authors: Bai Tian , Xu Jiayu , Zhang Zhenting , Guo Shuyu , Luo Xiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Nucleus identification supports many quantitative analysis studies that rely on nuclei positions or categories. Contextual information in pathology images refers to information near the to-be-recognized cell, which can be very helpful for nucleus subtyping. Current CNN-based methods do not explicitly encode contextual information within the input images and point annotations.

Results
In this article, we propose a novel framework with context to locate and classify nuclei in microscopy image data. Specifically, first we use state-of-the-art network architectures to extract multi-scale feature representations from multi-field-of-view, multi-resolution input images and then conduct feature aggregation on-the-fly with stacked convolutional operations. Then, two auxiliary tasks are added to the model to effectively utilize the contextual information. One for predicting the frequencies of nuclei, and the other for extracting the regional distribution information of the same kind of nuclei. The entire framework is trained in an end-to-end, pixel-to-pixel fashion. We evaluate our method on two histopathological image datasets with different tissue and stain preparations, and experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other recent state-of-the-art models in nucleus identification.

Availability and implementation
The source code of our method is freely available at https://github.com/qjxjy123/DonRabbit.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Somatic symptom severity association with healthcare utilization and costs in surgical inpatients with an episode of abdominal pain
Authors: Stieler Melissa , Pockney Peter , Campbell Cassidy , Thirugnanasundralingam Vaisnavi , Gan Lachlan , Spittal Matthew J , Carter Gregory 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSomatic syndromes are present in 30 per cent of primary healthcare populations and are associated with increased health service use and health costs. Less is known about secondary care surgical inpatient populations.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal cohort study (n = 465) of consecutive adult admissions with an episode of non-traumatic abdominal pain, to the Acute General Surgical Unit at a tertiary hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Somatic symptom severity (SSS) was dichotomized using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-15 with a cut-off point of 10 or higher (medium–high SSS) and compared pre-admission and during admission. Total healthcare utilization and direct costs were stratified by a PHQ-15 score of 10 or higher. Linear regression was used to examine differences in costs, and a multivariable linear regression was used to examine the relationship of PHQ-15 scores of 10 or higher to total costs, reported as mean total costs of care and percentage difference (95 per cent confidence intervals).ResultsFifty-two per cent (n = 242) of participants had a medium–high SSS with greater pre-admission and admission interval health service costs. Mean total direct costs of care were 25 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 8 to 44 per cent) higher in the PHQ-15 score of 10 or higher group: mean difference €1401.93 (95 per cent c.i. €512.19 to €2273.67). The multivariable model showed a significant association of PHQ-15 scores of 10 or higher (2.1 per cent; 0.2–4.1 per cent greater for each one-point increase in score) with total hospital costs, although the strongest contributions to cost were older age, operative management, and lower socioeconomic level. There was a linear relationship between PHQ scores and total healthcare costs.ConclusionsMedium to high levels of somatic symptoms are common in surgical inpatients with abdominal pain and are independently associated with greater healthcare utilization.
Grey and white matter atrophy 1 year after stroke aphasia
Authors: Egorova-Brumley Natalia , Khlif Mohamed Salah , Werden Emilio , Bird Laura J. , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dynamic whole-brain changes occur following stroke, and not just in association with recovery. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of a specific behavioural deficit after stroke would be associated with structural decline (atrophy) in the brain regions supporting the affected function, by examining language deficits post-stroke. We quantified whole-brain structural volume changes longitudinally (3–12 months) in stroke participants with (N = 32) and without aphasia (N = 59) as assessed by the Token Test at 3 months post-stroke, compared with a healthy control group (N = 29). While no significant difference in language decline rates (change in Token Test scores from 3 to 12 months) was observed between groups and some participants in the aphasic group improved their scores, stroke participants with aphasia symptoms at 3 months showed significant atrophy (&gt;2%, P = 0.0001) of the left inferior frontal gyrus not observed in either healthy control or non-aphasic groups over the 3–12 months period. We found significant group differences in the inferior frontal gyrus volume, accounting for age, sex, stroke severity at baseline, education and total intracranial volume (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.0003). In a subset of participants (aphasic N = 14, non-aphasic N = 36, and healthy control N = 25) with available diffusion-weighted imaging data, we found significant atrophy in the corpus callosum and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in the aphasic compared with the healthy control group. Language deficits at 3 months post-stroke are associated with accelerated structural decline specific to the left inferior frontal gyrus, highlighting that known functional brain reorganization underlying behavioural improvement may occur in parallel with atrophy of brain regions supporting the language function.
Altered excitatory and decreased inhibitory transmission in the prefrontal cortex of male mice with early developmental disruption to the ventral hippocampus
Authors: Nath Moushumi , Bhardwaj Sanjeev K , Srivastava Lalit K , Wong Tak Pan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ventral hippocampal (vHPC)-prefrontal cortical (PFC) pathway dysfunction is a core neuroimaging feature of schizophrenia. However, mechanisms underlying impaired connectivity within this pathway remain poorly understood. The vHPC has direct projections to the PFC that help shape its maturation. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of early developmental vHPC perturbations on long-term functional PFC organization. Using whole-cell recordings to assess PFC cellular activity in transgenic male mouse lines, we show early developmental disconnection of vHPC inputs, by excitotoxic lesion or cell-specific ablations, impairs pyramidal cell firing output and produces a persistent increase in excitatory and decrease in inhibitory synaptic inputs onto pyramidal cells. We show this effect is specific to excitatory vHPC projection cell ablation. We further identify PV-interneurons as a source of deficit in inhibitory transmission. We find PV-interneurons are reduced in density, show a reduced ability to sustain high-frequency firing, and show deficits in excitatory inputs that emerge over time. We additionally show differences in vulnerabilities to early developmental vHPC disconnection, wherein PFC PV-interneurons but not pyramidal cells show deficits in NMDA receptor–mediated current. Our results highlight mechanisms by which the PFC adapts to early developmental vHPC perturbations, providing insights into schizophrenia circuit pathology.
Zero Measure Sraffian Economies: New Insights from Actual Input–Output Tables
Authors: Mariolis Theodore , Veltsistas Panagiotis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
New theoretical and empirical evidence reveals that the actual input–output table economies of single production, which are usually studied in the value–capital theory literature, are almost similar to non-diagonalizable, triangular and both uncontrollable and unobservable (in the sense of Kalman) economies producing only one basic commodity and non-self-reproducing non-basics (in the sense of Sraffa), the immense majority of which are pure consumption commodities. Since (i) these basic commodities are the corresponding Sraffian Standard commodities of the original economies; (ii) the resulting empirical probabilities of non-monotonic price–profit rate curves and re-switching of techniques are by no means negligible; and (iii) systems and matrices are almost always completely controllable/observable and diagonalizable, respectively, it follows that the said actual input–output table economies are not only Sraffian but also of almost zero measure.
A Specific Calprotectin Neo-epitope [CPa9-HNE] in Serum from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Is Associated with Neutrophil Activity and Endoscopic Severity
Authors: Mortensen Joachim Høg , Sinkeviciute Dovile , Manon-Jensen Tina , Domislović Viktor , McCall Kathryn , Thudium Christian S , Brinar Marko , Önnerfjord Patrik , Goodyear Carl S , Krznarić Željko , Karsdal Morten Asser , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endoscopy and the use of faecal calprotectin [faecal CP] are among the least-favoured methods for assessing disease activity by inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients; the handling/processing of faecal samples is also impractical. Therefore, we sought to develop a novel neo-epitope serum calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], CPa9-HNE, with the aim of quantifying neutrophil activity and neutrophil extracellular trap [NET]-osis and proposing a non-invasive method for monitoring disease activity in IBD patients.

Methods
In vitro cleavage was performed by mixing calprotectin [S100A9/S100A8] with human neutrophil elastase [HNE], and a novel HNE-derived calprotectin neo-epitope [CPa9-HNE] was identified by mass spectrometry for ELISA development. The CPa9-HNE ELISA was quantified in supernatants from ex vivo activated neutrophils and serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis [UC, n = 43], Crohn’s disease [CD, n = 93], and healthy subjects [HS, n = 23]. For comparison, faecal CP and MRP8/14 biomarkers were also measured.

Results
CPa9-HNE was specific for activated neutrophils ex vivo. Serum CPa9-HNE levels were 4-fold higher in CD [p &lt;0.0001] and UC [p &lt;0.0001] patients than in HS. CPa9-HNE correlated well with the Simple Endoscopic Score [SES]-CD score [r = 0.61, p &lt;0.0001], MES [r = 0.46, p = 0.0141], and the full Mayo score [r = 0.52, p = 0.0013]. CPa9-HNE was able to differentiate between CD and UC patients in endoscopic remission and moderate/severe disease activity (CD: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.82 [p = 0.0003], UC: AUC = 0.87 [p = 0.0004]). The performance of CPa9-HNE was equipotent or slightly better than that of faecal CP.

Conclusions
Serum CPa9-HNE levels were highly associated with CD and UC patients. CPa9-HNE correlated with the SES-CD score and the full Mayo score, indicating a strong association with disease activity.
A prospective multi-centre study assessing the safety and effectiveness following the implementation of an accelerated chest pain pathway using point-of-care troponin for use in New Zealand rural hospital and primary care settings
Authors: Miller Rory , Nixon Garry , Pickering John W , Stokes Tim , Turner Robin M , Young Joanna , Gutenstein Marc , Smith Michelle , Norman Tim , Watson Antony , George Peter , Devlin Gerald , Du Toit Stephen , Than Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Most rural hospitals and general practices in New Zealand (NZ) are reliant on point-of-care troponin. A rural accelerated chest pain pathway (RACPP), combining an electrocardiogram (ECG), a structured risk score (Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score), and serial point-of-care troponin, was designed for use in rural hospital and primary care settings across NZ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the RACPP.

Methods and results
A prospective multi-centre evaluation following implementation of the RACPP was undertaken from 1 July 2018 to 31 December 2020 in rural hospitals, rural and urban general practices, and urgent care clinics. The primary outcome measure was the presence of 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in low-risk patients. The secondary outcome was the percentage of patients classified as low-risk that avoided transfer or were eligible for early discharge. There were 1205 patients enrolled in the study. 132 patients were excluded. Of the 1073 patients included in the primary analysis, 474 (44.0%) patients were identified as low-risk. There were no [95% confidence interval (CI): 0–0.3%] MACE within 30 days of the presentation among low-risk patients. Most of these patients (91.8%) were discharged without admission to hospital. Almost all patients who presented to general practice (99%) and urgent care clinics (97.6%) were discharged to home directly.

Conclusion
The RACPP is safe and effective at excluding MACEs in NZ rural hospital and primary care settings, where it can identify a group of low-risk patients who can be safely discharged home without transfer to hospital.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm (ICW), Diamondback Moth (DBM), and Cabbage Looper (CL) On Cabbage, 1985
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Systrom M. R. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 5 Jul. The soil was a fine, sandy loam of pH 7.0. Fertilizer (10N:10P2O5:10K2O) was applied at 800 lb/acre at planting. Each plot, 2 25 ft rows, was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications, based on 3 ft row spacing, were made with a C02 pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. The insecticides were applied on 21 Aug, and control was assessed by counting the number of larvae on 10 plants per plot on 26 Aug.