bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of palpation and ultrasonography for diagnosing infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van den Bunder Fenne AIM , Derikx Joep PM , Kiblawi Rim , van Rijn Rick R , Dingemann Jens 
Published: August 2022

Objective:Although infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a well-known disease, there is no systematic review regarding the optimal diagnostic strategy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain diagnostic accuracy of all methods to diagnose IHPS.Methods:According to the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we searched MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies reporting sensitivity and specificity of all methods used to diagnose IHPS. Inclusion criteria were infants with suspicion of/or diagnosed with IHPS who underwent pyloromyotomy or had clinical follow-up. A random-effects model was used to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results:After screening 5364 studies, we included 43 studies with in total 6085 infants (n = 4241 IHPS; n = 1844 controls). The diagnostic sensitivity of palpation ranged from 10.0 to 93.4% and decreased over time. Different parameters for ultrasonography were found. Most used parameters were pyloric muscle thickness (PMT) ≥ 3 mm (pooled sensitivity 97.6% and specificity 98.8%), PMT ≥ 4 mm (pooled sensitivity 94.0% and specificity 98.0%) or a combination of PMT ≥ 4 mm and/or pyloric canal length ≥16 mm (pooled sensitivity 94.0% and specificity 91.7%). The AUC showed high diagnostic accuracy (0.997, 0.966 and 0.981 respectively), but large heterogeneity exists. Due to the large differences in cut-off values no meta-analysis could be conducted for pyloric canal length and pyloric diameter.Conclusion:Palpation has limited sensitivity in diagnosing IHPS. We showed that ultrasonography has highest diagnostic accuracy to diagnose IHPS and we advise to use PMT ≥ 3 mm as cut-off.Advances in knowledge:This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on diagnosing IHPS, which summarizes the available literature and may be used as a guideline.
Automated detection of dental restorations using deep learning on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Çelik Berrin , Çelik Mahmut Emin 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Automatically detecting dental conditions using Artificial intelligence (AI) and reporting it visually are now a need for treatment planning and dental health management. This work presents a comprehensive computer-aided detection system to detect dental restorations. Methods: The state-of-art ten different deep-learning detection models were used including R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv3, and RetinaNet as detectors. ResNet-50, ResNet-101, XCeption-101, VGG16, and DarkNet53 were integrated as backbone and feature extractor in addition to efficient approaches such Side-Aware Boundary Localization, cascaded structures and simple model frameworks like Libra and Dynamic. Total 684 objects in panoramic radiographs were used to detect available three classes, namely, dental restorations, denture and implant. Each model was evaluated by mean average precision (mAP), average recall (AR), and precision-recall curve using Common Objects in Context (COCO) detection evaluation metrics. Results: mAP varied between 0.755 and 0.973 for ten models explored while AR ranges between 0.605 and 0.771. Faster R-CNN RegnetX provided the best detection performance with mAP of 0.973 and AR of 0.771. Area under precision-recall curve was 0.952. Precision-recall curve indicated that errors were mainly dominated by localization confusions. Conclusions: Results showed that the proposed AI-based computer-aided system had great potential with reliable, accurate performance detecting dental restorations, denture and implant in panoramic radiographs. As training models with more data and standardization in reporting, AI-based solutions will be implemented to dental clinics for daily use soon.
COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and lactating women
Authors: Kaziród Karolina , Kuryło Weronika , Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Miturski Andrzej , Semczuk-Sikora Anna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the lifestyle of pregnant women. Pregnant women with COVID-19 are more likely to suffer from severe disease, as well as unfavorable pregnancy and childbirth. Currently, there is no causal treatment for this disease available, so attention should be paid to preventing infection with vaccines.
Aim of the study: A review of the literature on the influence of COVID-19 vaccines on the course of pregnancy and summary of recommendations regarding the use of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
State of knwoledge: Three types of COVID-19 vaccines are most commonly used: mRNA vaccines, vector vaccines as well as subunit vaccines. In preclinical developmental and reproductive toxicity studies in animal models, there were no alarming safety signals, and observations of vaccinated pregnant women did not reveal any complications with respect to the course of pregnancy and development of the fetus. No cases of neonatal death have been reported in the first 28 days after birth. Most of the side effects following vaccination, such as injection site pain or tenderness, fatigue, fever or muscle pain, were moderate and resolved within 24 hours. The current research results confirm a positive immune response in pregnant women. Moreover, it is important that the presence of antibodies in the umbilical cord blood makes it possible to protect and reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the newborn.
Summary: All pregnant women, irrespective of trimester, and breastfeeding mothers are advised to administer a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine within an appropriate period of time after the primary vaccination schedule.
Pregnant woman infected with SARS-COV-2 – diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Borowik Joanna , Kaziród Karolina , Miturski Andrzej , Semczuk-Sikora Anna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus. In pregnant women with COVID-19, compared to non-pregnant women, there is an increased risk of a severe course of the infection. Pregnant women are more often hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and require mechanical ventilation. In the course of COVID-19 infection, pregnant women have a greater risk of miscarriage, premature birth or having a baby with low birth weight, compared to their healthy pregnancy peers.
The aim of the study: To present, based on the available literature, the principles of management of a pregnant woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus.
State of knowledge: The evidence of infection is the detection of the virus in the clinical specimen confirmed by PCR. Chest computer tomography can be useful in diagnosis, especially when the PCR test result is negative. Particular attention should be paid to pharmacological treatment, which should be both effective and safe for the fetus. Certain antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs as well as anticoagulants drugs are used in COVID-19 therapy. Oxygen and fluid therapy is also important. The condition of the fetus should be monitored regularly. It is recommended to measure the fetal heart rate, perform cardiotocography, pregnancy ultrasound and assess the volume of amniotic fluid. The decision about the time and method of delivery should be made individually on the basis of obstetric indications and the maternal-fetal condition.
Summary: The therapy of a pregnant patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be adjusted individually depending on the woman's health condition. In therapeutic interventions, the welfare of both the mother and the fetus should be taken into account.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - small intestine, big struggle
Authors: Dembowska Aleksandra , Dubaj Maciej , Bigosiński Karol 
Published: August 2022

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body. The microbes present in the intestines are important for the correct functioning of the digestive tract as well as other, often distant, organs of the human body. Unfavorable conditions may lead to an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms, leading to unfavorable consequences.
Under physiological conditions, the large intestine is inhabited by a significant amount of bacteria, while the small intestine contains only a small amount of them. The appearance of pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to the colonization of the small intestine by an excessive amount of bacteria, which, in combination with gastrointestinal symptoms, is called small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The most common symptoms associated with this disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas.
It is difficult to diagnose this disease due to the lack of specific symptoms and imperfect diagnostic methods. The highest quality test is the microbiological test, however, due to the invasiveness of the method and the difficulties with precise collection of the material, less invasive tests are used, primarily the hydrogen breath test.
The mainstay of treatment of bacterial overgrowth is antibiotic therapy, which aims to reduce the amount of bacteria to the extent that the patient does not feel the disease. It is also important to eat a diet rich in fiber and low in fermenting oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols.
Patients with the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth rarely develop symptoms of a severe course of the disease, however, due to the unpleasant symptoms and relatively easy treatment methods, the disease should be included in the differential diagnosis in people with risk factors and present symptoms.
Prevalence of sleep apnea in children and adolescents in Colombia according to the national health registry 2017–2021
Authors: Waich Alan , Ruiz Severiche Juanita , Manrique Andrade Margarita , Castañeda Aza Julieth Andrea , Castellanos Ramírez Julio Cesar , Otero Mendoza Liliana , Restrepo Gualteros Sonia Maria , Panqueva Olga Patricia , Hidalgo Martínez Patricia 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with sleep apnea, both central and obstructive, in Colombia between 2017 and 2021.

Methods
Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems as search terms for sleep apnea, based on SISPRO, the Colombian national health registry. Stratification by gender and age groups was performed. We also generated data of the amount of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed. A map of prevalence by place of residency was performed.

Results
National records report 15200 cases of SA between 2017 and 2021, for an estimated prevalence of 21.1 cases by 100000 inhabitants in 2019 the year with the most cases (4769), being more frequent and in the 6 to 11 age group and in males, with a male to female ratio of 1.54:1. The number of cases declined in 2020 and 2021. The map showed a concentration of cases in the more developed departments of the country.

Discussion
This is the first approximation to a nation-wide prevalence of sleep apnea in Colombia which is lower to what is found in the literature worldwide, including studies performed in Latin America and in Colombia, this could reflect sub diagnosis and sub report. The fact that the highest prevalence was found in males and in the 6–11 age group is consistent with reports in literature. The decrease in cases in 2020 and 2021 could be related to the COVID-19 pandemic impact in sleep medicine services.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Wu Mingyue , Liu Siru , Yang Yi , Lin Jie , Liu Jialin 
Published: August 2022

Background
COVID-19 is spreading rapidly worldwide, and the population is generally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, especially those with cancer. Hence, our study aims to design a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical characteristics and prognoses of lung cancer patients with COVID-19.

Methods
The protocol is prepared following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature will be searched in Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, LitCovid, and CNKI for potentially eligible articles. The quality of the articles will be used in the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Statistical analysis will be performed through RevMan 5 software. This review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022306866).

Discussion
To clarify whether COVID-19 affects the clinical symptoms and prognoses of lung cancer patients. Further study is needed to establish the best evidence-based for the management of lung cancer patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion
The definitive conclusion will be important to physicians effectively manage lung cancer patients with COVID-19.
The burden and characteristics of HIV-infected COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital in sub-Saharan Africa—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iyer Alok , Shah Jasmit , Shah Reena 
Published: August 2022

Background
After the first case of COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease spread viciously throughout the world. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the clinical outcomes of patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. Studying the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 among HIV-positive patients is key to characterising the risk of morbidity and mortality of HIV-positive patients from COVID-19.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and who had consented to HIV screening. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of HIV patients with those of non-HIV patients and described the results for both groups.

Results
In our sample of 582 patients, the mean age was 49.2 years (SD = 15.2), with 68% of the sample being men. The cumulative HIV prevalence was 3.7%, and the most common symptoms were cough (58.1%), fever (45.2%), difficulty in breathing (36.8%) and general body malaise (23.9%). The most common comorbidities included hypertension (28.5%), diabetes mellitus (26.1%), and heart disease (4.1%). Most participants (228 or 49.5%) had mild COVID-19, and the mortality rate was 5%. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Conclusions
There was a 3.7% prevalence of HIV in COVID-19 positive patients. Demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups. Future studies should seek to achieve larger samples, include multiple study sites and conduct subgroup analyses based on the immunologic status of HIV-positive patients.
Design, implementation and evaluation of informal home care support intervention program for lonely older adults in the community: Protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Lotfalinezhad Elham , Nadrian Haidar , Kousha Ahmad , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohamed , Sohrabi Ahmad , Hashemiparast Mina , Honarvar Mohammad Reza , Freeman Shannon 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundProviding lonely older adults with informal home care services is important to improving their health and quality of life. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of design, implementation and evaluation of an informal home care support intervention program (HoSIP) for community-dwelling lonely older adults in Gorgan, Iran.Method/designThis feasibility study is a mixed-method with a concurrent nested design. Lonely older adults will be enrolled as the HoSIP intervention group and will receive 12-weeks of informal home care service by peer supporters. The purpose of this feasibility study is to determine the recruitment capability and resulting sample characteristics, data collection procedure and outcome measures, the acceptability and suitability of the intervention and study procedures, the resource and ability to manage the study and intervention, and preliminary evaluation of participant response to intervention. Primary outcomes including participant feelings of loneliness, quality of life, general health, social network, social support, and self-care ability, will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention for the intervention and control groups. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted immediately after the intervention using content qualitative approach to describe participants’ experiences with HoSIP.DiscussionThrough this study we will examine the feasibility of delivering informal home care services to community-dwelling lonely older adults in a developing country through employing a concurrent nested mixed-method design.Trial registrationIRCT20190503043455N
Population dynamics and biology of Orchis mascula (Orchidaceae Juss.) in the Sochi Black Sea region
Authors: Averyanova E. A. 
Published: August 2022

Orchis mascula (L.) L. is widely distributed in the Sochi Black Sea region. It occurs in forest phytocenoses of the low-mountain and mid-mountain belts of the southern macroslope of the Main Caucasian Range. The number in individual populations is from a few individuals to several tens, usually the populations are dispersed over large areas. The abundance varies greatly depending on weather conditions and other factors. O. mascula can be attributed to hemie-phemeroids, i.e., having spring-early summer green shoots with a period of summer-autumn-winter dormancy. The growing season lasts 3.5-4 months. The ontogenetic spectra of the studied populations are complete with a predominance of young individuals. The dynamics of the ontogenetic structure of the cenopopulation from the beech-hornbeam forest for 8 years is shown. The population is full-membered, normal type, stable. Seed renewal. Fruit formation is about 23 %. The average number of fruits formed on one individual was 4.8. The number of seeds in one fruit is on average 9000, one individual produces up to 45 thousand full-fledged seeds per season. Seeds of Orchis-type, pear-shaped, about 370 цш long; the embryo is large, round in projection. The species is protected in the Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve and the Sochi National Park.
Seed production in the hybrids of Pinus sibirica and Pinus pumila in the north-eastern part of the hybrid zone
Authors: Vasilyeva G. V 
Published: August 2022

Pinus sibirica and P. pumila hybrid zone have a vast territory. Previously, seed production was determined only in hybrids from the western part of the hybrid zone. The earlier established introgression of the species in the northeastern part of the hybrid zone gives more relevance to the study of the hybrid seed production in this area. The paper presents the results of the cone structure analysis in Siberian stone pine, Siberian dwarf pine and their hybrids, and also shows the dynamics of ovule development into a filled seed with a well-developed embryo. The final seed efficiency, i. e., the portion of sound seeds from the ovule number, was 65, 51, and 37 % for Siberian dwarf pine, hybrids, and Siberian stone pine, respectively. Low seed efficiency in P. sibirica was related with high portion of empty seeds in some individuals. The atypical seed efficiency in Siberian stone pine and hybrids could be explained by the lack of pure P sibirica, consequently, by the lack of F1 hybrids.
Ecological variability of seed production quality of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) along the latitudinal gradient in the West Siberian Plain
Authors: Velisevich S. N. 
Published: August 2022

The range of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in the flat part of Western Siberia occupies a wide strip from the forest-steppe zone in the south to the Arctic Circle in the north, therefore, the ecological amplitude of its growth covers conditions with different heat and moisture conditions. Optimal for this species is the moderately cold and humid climate of the middle taiga. In the north of the area, growth and reproduction are limited by a cold and short growing season, in the south of the area, by insufficient soil moisture. The relevance of studying the quality of sexual reproduction in the north and south of the area is due to the observed climatic changes, since the quality of the seeds determines the potential for adaptation and advancement of the species to new frontiers. This work analyzes the ecological variability of crop quality in three populations: (1) the border of the northern taiga subzone with the forest-tundra, (2) the middle taiga subzone, (3) the border of the southern taiga subzone with the forest-steppe. Analysis of the 22-year dynamics of the formation and maturation of cones on female shoots showed that in the southern population, with good quality of cones and seeds and a high average long-term level of cone formation, there is a tendency to reduce their maturation. The number of years with high seed production has decreased. In the northern population, the quality of cones was worse due to a decrease in the proportion of fertile scales, developed and filled seeds. The seeds had a normal weight but a short embryo. The frequency of high seed production is once every ten years. With a lower average number of initiated and matured cones on the shoot, their inter-annual dynamics demonstrates a steady upward trend.
Structure and condition of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo cenopopulations in southern taiga pine forests of sphagnum type
Authors: Egorova N. Yu. , Suleimanova V. N. 
Published: August 2022

The results of studies conducted during the mass flowering of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo plants are presented in sphagnum pine forests in the subzone of the southern taiga of the Kirov region. Descriptions of the species’ habitats are given. The studied cenopopulations (CP) of D. fuchsii were studied in sphagnum-type pine forests: grass-shift-sphagnum pine with spruce (CP1), maynik-blueberry-green-moss-sphagnum pine (CP2). The ontogenetic structure of Dactylorhiza fuchsii populations is shown. The conducted studies have shown that in the ontogenetic spectrum of CP1, the predominant group of individuals of the generative period, which accounts for 58 %. The age spectrum of this population is of the right-sided type. In CP2, an approximately equal ratio is observed in the ontogenetic spectrum of D. fuchsii individuals. High values of the number and renewal index in the CP2 indicate its stable condition. The studied CP are quite numerous, the number of individuals in CP1 is - 88 individuals, in CP2 is - 239 individuals. In the biotopes under consideration, the species occurs both as individuals and in small scattered groups. Further monitoring is necessary to assess the state of cenopopulations and forecast their development.
On the characteristics of vegetation of the “Elandinsky stones” nature monument of regional importance (Altai Krai) Елесова Н. В.
Authors: Elesova N. V. 
Published: August 2022

Flora and vegetation data of the nature monument of regional importance “Elandinsky stones” (Tselinnyy district, Altai Krai) are given. Flora comprises 283 species of higher vascular plants, including 2 rare species: Paeonia hybrida, Stipa pennata. Vegetation is represented by petrophyte forb-feathergrass steppe, rare for Bijsk-Chumysh upland, forb-grasses meadow, birch forests and bushes.