bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendoscopic lavage versus traditional surgical methods for the early management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in neonates
Authors: Dvalishvili Aleksandre , Khinikadze Mirza , Gegia Giorgi , Khutsishvili Lali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
Despite advances observed in neonatal neurosurgery, treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remains a major challenge. This study aims to observe the outcomes of the application of the neuroendoscopic method for treating early-stage posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Methods
A total of 60 medical cases were studied retrospectively. From 2016–2021, the patients were treated at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). As an initial neurosurgical intervention, 19 neonates (A) underwent neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) of the ventricular system and evacuation of posthemorrhagic debris via ventricular washout. A total of 36 neonates (B) were treated via traditional surgical methods, out of which 24 neonates underwent ventricular reservoir implantation (VAD) and 12 underwent ventriculostomy (EVD). Of the 60 patients, there were 5 neonates (C), who were treated directly by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting after serial ventricular/lumbar punctures. As the inclusion and surgical criteria were significantly different for this group, their data were evaluated separately. Accordingly, these patients were divided into three (A, B, and C) groups.

Results
The gestational age of group A neonates (31 weeks) was slightly higher than the gestational age of group B (29.1 weeks). During their hospitalization, 15 neonates (78.94%) from group A and 26 (83.87%) neonates from group B required shunting. In group B, 5 patients (12.19%) died before the need for shunting occurred. No lethal outcomes were observed in group A, and 9 (25%) patients from group B died during hospitalization. In group A, central nervous system (CNS) infections developed in 3 patients, which is much less than the 18 patients in group B. NEL was found to give better neurological outcomes in patients with intraventricular hemorrhages. Serial ventricular/lumbar puncture can be used as a life-saving manipulation in very unstable patients to temporarily decreasing intracranial pressure. Its frequent use is associated with brain parenchymal damage and poor neurological outcome.

Conclusion
The neuroendoscopic method of treating neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is a safe and effective one. Its application reduces the period of patient hospital stay, the incidence of meningitis, and the frequency of development of multiloculated hydrocephalus.
Single-cell DNA sequencing identifies risk-associated clonal complexity and evolutionary trajectories in childhood medulloblastoma development
Authors: Danilenko Marina , Zaka Masood , Keeling Claire , Crosier Stephen , Lyman Stephanie , Finetti Martina , Williamson Daniel , Hussain Rafiqul , Coxhead Jonathan , Zhou Peixun , Hill Rebecca M. , Hicks Debbie , Rand Vikki , Joshi Abhijit , Schwalbe Edward C. , Bailey Simon , Clifford Steven C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe reconstructed the natural history and temporal evolution of the most common childhood brain malignancy, medulloblastoma, by single-cell whole-genome sequencing (sc-WGS) of tumours representing its major molecular sub-classes and clinical risk groups. Favourable-risk disease sub-types assessed (MBWNT and infant desmoplastic/nodular MBSHH) typically comprised a single clone with no evidence of further evolution. In contrast, highest risk sub-classes (MYC-amplified MBGroup3 and TP53-mutated MBSHH) were most clonally diverse and displayed gradual evolutionary trajectories. Clinically adopted biomarkers (e.g. chromosome 6/17 aberrations; CTNNB1/TP53 mutations) were typically early-clonal/initiating events, exploitable as targets for early-disease detection; in analyses of spatially distinct tumour regions, a single biopsy was sufficient to assess their status. Importantly, sc-WGS revealed novel events which arise later and/or sub-clonally and more commonly display spatial diversity; their clinical significance and role in disease evolution post-diagnosis now require establishment. These findings reveal diverse modes of tumour initiation and evolution in the major medulloblastoma sub-classes, with pathogenic relevance and clinical potential.
Application of test-enhanced learning (TEL) in obstetrics and gynecology: a prospective study
Authors: Recker Florian , Haverkamp Nicolas , Mustea Alexander , Gembruch Ulrich , Raupach Tobias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Clinical reasoning is an essential skill, the foundations of which should be acquired during medical school. Within the format of test-based learning, such examinations can also be used to support the long-term retention of procedural knowledge necessary for clinical reasoning. The aim was to investigate whether repeated exposure to clinical cases in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) with built-in questions leads to higher learning outcome than pure reading cases and what influence the delay between the intervention and the final test has on the retention of the respective content.

Methods
In this non-randomised crossover study, 5th-year medical students (duration of the study is 6 years) taking a 1-week clinical attachment in OBGYN participated in computer-based case seminars in winter term 2020/2021, in which different case histories on gynecological-obstetric diseases were presented. Case content was identical for all groups, but the presentation format (cases with key feature questions vs read-only cases) of individual case vignettes changed weekly. The also intervention was repeated after 2 weeks for each group. Knowledge was assessed in an entry and an exit exam consisting of 40 short-answer questions.

Results
A total of 94 out of 118 eligible students participated in the study (response rate: 79.7%). Learning outcome was significantly higher for items presented in the key feature format compared to items presented as read-only cases (74.2 ± 8.6% vs. 71.0 ± 9.2%; p = 0.017). Furthermore, the analysis showed that the temporal distance of the intervention package from the final examination had no influence on retention.

Conclusion
This is the first study to demonstrate an effect of test-enhanced learning on clinical reasoning in the subject of OGBYN. In this cross-over study, repeated testing was more effective than repeated case-based learning alone. Curricular implementation of longitudinal key feature testing can thus improve learning outcomes for OBGYN.
The influence of auditory selective attention on linguistic outcomes in deaf and hard of hearing children with cochlear implants
Authors: Nicastri Maria , Giallini Ilaria , Inguscio Bianca Maria Serena , Turchetta Rosaria , Guerzoni Letizia , Cuda Domenico , Portanova Ginevra , Ruoppolo Giovanni , Dincer D’Alessandro Hilal , Mancini Patrizia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Auditory selective attention (ASA) is crucial to focus on significant auditory stimuli without being distracted by irrelevant auditory signals and plays an important role in language development. The present study aimed to investigate the unique contribution of ASA to the linguistic levels achieved by a group of cochlear implanted (CI) children.

Methods
Thirty-four CI children with a median age of 10.05 years were tested using both the “Batteria per la Valutazione dell’Attenzione Uditiva e della Memoria di Lavoro Fonologica nell’età evolutiva-VAUM-ELF” to assess their ASA skills, and two Italian standardized tests to measure lexical and morphosyntactic skills. A regression analysis, including demographic and audiological variables, was conducted to assess the unique contribution of ASA to language skills.

Results
The percentages of CI children with adequate ASA performances ranged from 50 to 29.4%. Bilateral CI children performed better than their monolateral peers. ASA skills contributed significantly to linguistic skills, accounting alone for the 25% of the observed variance.

Conclusions
The present findings are clinically relevant as they highlight the importance to assess ASA skills as early as possible, reflecting their important role in language development. Using simple clinical tools, ASA skills could be studied at early developmental stages. This may provide additional information to outcomes from traditional auditory tests and may allow us to implement specific training programs that could positively contribute to the development of neural mechanisms of ASA and, consequently, induce improvements in language skills.
Megapinosomes and homologous structures in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Bauer Andrea , Frascaroli Giada , Walther Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMegapinosomes are endocytic organelles found in human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) monocyte-derived M macrophages. They are large (several microns) and have a complex internal structure that is connected with the cytosol and consists of interconnected knots and concave bridges with sizes in the range of 100 nm. We called this structure trabecular meshwork. The luminal part of the megapinosome can be connected with luminal tubules and cisterns that form the megapinosome complex. The structures are especially well visible in scanning electron tomography when macrophages are prepared by high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. Our research received a new impulse after studying the literature on hematopoietic cells, where very similar, most likely homologous, structures have been published in peritoneal macrophages as well as in megakaryocytes and blood platelets. In platelets, they serve as membrane storage that is used for structural changes of platelets during activation.
The changing landscape of immune cells in the fetal mouse testis
Authors: Hosseini Samira , Moody Sarah C. , Fietz Daniela , Indumathy Sivanjah , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Hedger Mark P. , Loveland Kate L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFetal testis growth involves cell influx and extensive remodeling. Immediately after sex determination in mouse, macrophages enable normal cord formation and removal of inappropriately positioned cells. This study provides new information about macrophages and other immune cells after cord formation in fetal testes, including their density, distribution, and close cellular contacts. C57BL6J mouse testes from embryonic day (E) 13.5 to birth (post-natal day 0; PND0), were examined using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR to identify macrophages (F4/80, CD206, MHCII), T cells (CD3), granulocytes/neutrophils (Ly6G), and germ cells (DDX4). F4/80+ cells were the most abundant, comprising 90% of CD45+ cells at E13.5 and declining to 65% at PND0. Changes in size, shape, and markers (CD206 and MHCII) documented during this interval align with the understanding that F4/80+ cells have different origins during embryonic life. CD3+ cells and F4/80−/MHCII+ were absent to rare until PND0. Ly6G+ cells were scarce at E13.5 but increased robustly by PND0 to represent half of the CD45+ cells. These immunofluorescence data were in accord with transcript analysis, which showed that immune marker mRNAs increased with testis age. F4/80+ and Ly6G+ cells were frequently inside cords adjacent to germ cells at E13.5 and E15.5. F4/80+ cells were often in clusters next to other immune cells. Macrophages inside cords at E13.5 and E15.5 (F4/80Hi/CD206+) were different from macrophages at PND0 (F4/80Dim/CD206−), indicating that they have distinct origins. This histological quantification coupled with transcript information identifies new cellular interactions for immune cells in fetal testis morphogenesis, and highlights new avenues for studies of their functional significance.
The relationship between telework from home and the psychosocial work environment: a systematic review
Authors: Vleeshouwers Jolien , Fløvik Lise , Christensen Jan Olav , Johannessen Håkon A. , Bakke Finne Live , Mohr Benedicte , Jørgensen Ingrid Løken , Lunde Lars-Kristian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTelework from home (TWFH) has become routine for many, yet research on how this may affect the psychosocial work environment is sparse. To understand the effects that TWFH may have on the psychosocial work environment, this systematic literature review identified, evaluated, and summarized findings on the association of TWFH with factors of the psychosocial work environment.MethodsSearches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Amed, PsycINFO, and PubMed. The topic of the study reflected TWFH, and subjects should be office workers employed at a company. Outcomes should reflect psychosocial work environment factors. Inclusion criteria stated that studies should be primary, quantitative, and published in a peer-reviewed journal. English language publications dating from January 2010 to February 2021 were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and quality of overall evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsSearches resulted in 3354 publications, and after screening rounds 43 peer-reviewed original studies satisfying predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Fourteen individual psychosocial work environment outcome categories were studied. Limited overall evidence to support effects of TWFH on the included work environment outcomes, with evidence being rated either of low or very low quality. Flexibility and autonomy are discussed as potential mediating variables in the relationship between TWFH and the psychosocial work environment.ConclusionThere is a lack of high-quality research investigating effects of TWFH on the psychosocial work environment. To suggest TWFH guidelines or recommendations, there is a need for research with high-quality longitudinal designs, precise measures of time use and location of work, and validated measures of factors known to be of importance.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021233796.
The OUTREACH study: oncologists of German university hospitals in rotation on a palliative care unit—evaluation of attitude and competence in palliative care and hospice
Authors: Biersching T. , Schweda A. , Oechsle K. , Nauck F. , Rosenbruch J. , Schuler U. , Hense J. , Neukirchen M. , Weber M. , Junghanss C. , Kramer T. , Ostgathe C. , Thuss-Patience P. , Van Oorschot B. , Teufel M. , Schuler M. , Bausewein C. , Tewes M. ,   The OUTREACH Study Group, Ostgathe C. , Tewes M. , Gahr S. , Berendt J. , Oechsle K. , Nauck F. , Benze G. , Bausewein C. , Rosenbruch J. , Schuler U. , Hense J. , Neukirchen M. , Schwarz J. , Weber M. , Reinholz U. , Junghanss C. , Kramer T. , Thuss-Patience P. , van Oorschot B. , Roch C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of the duration of an educational rotation presented at a palliative care unit on the palliative care knowledge gain and the increase of palliative care self-efficacy expectations are unclear.

Methods
This national prospective multicenter pre–post survey conducted at twelve German University Comprehensive Cancer Centers prospectively enrolled physicians who were assigned to training rotations in specialized palliative care units for three, six, or twelve months. Palliative care knowledge [in %] and palliative care self-efficacy expectations [max. 57 points] were evaluated before and after the rotation with a validated questionnaire.

Results
From March 2018 to October 2020, questionnaires of 43 physicians were analyzed. Physicians participated in a 3- (n = 3), 6- (n = 21), or 12-month (n = 19) palliative care rotation after a median of 8 (0–19) professional years. The training background of rotating physicians covered a diverse spectrum of specialties; most frequently represented were medical oncology (n = 15), and anesthesiology (n = 11). After the rotation, median palliative care knowledge increased from 81.1% to 86.5% (p < .001), and median palliative care self-efficacy expectations scores increased from 38 to 50 points (p < .001). The effect of the 12-month rotation was not significantly greater than that of the 6-month rotation.

Conclusion

An educational rotation presented in a specialized palliative care unit for at least six months significantly improves palliative care knowledge and palliative care self-efficacy expectations of physicians from various medical backgrounds.
XAF1 overexpression exacerbates diabetes by promoting pancreatic β-cell apoptosis
Authors: Nishimura Yuki , Iwashita Misaki , Hayashi Masato , Shinjo Takanori , Watanabe Yukari , Zeze Tatsuro , Yamashita Akiko , Fukuda Takao , Sanui Terukazu , Sano Tomomi , Asano Tomoichiro , Nishimura Fusanori 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis may be involved in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although its mechanism remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that macrophage-derived interferon (IFN) β induced X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis–associated factor 1 (XAF1) expression in β-cells and accelerated β-cell apoptosis in vitro. Here, we explored the effects of XAF1 on β-cell function and progression of diabetes in vivo.

Methods
Pancreatic β-cell-selective XAF1 overexpressing (Xaf1 Tg) mice were generated. Xaf1 Tg mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were fed either a normal diet or a 40% or 60% high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of β-cell XAF1 on β-cell apoptosis and exacerbation of diabetes were investigated.

Results
Palmitic acid induced IFNβ expression in macrophages, and HFD intake promoted macrophage infiltration in pancreatic islets, both of which cooperatively upregulated XAF1 expression in mouse islets. Furthermore, HFD-fed Xaf1 Tg mice demonstrated increased β-cell apoptosis, lowered insulin expression, and impaired glucose tolerance compared with WT mice fed the same diet. These effects were more pronounced in the 60%HFD group than in the 40%HFD group.

Conclusions
Pancreatic β-cell XAF1 expression was enhanced via HFD-induced, macrophage-derived IFNβ, which promoted β-cell apoptosis and led to a reduction in insulin secretion and progression of diabetes. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate an association between pancreatic β-cell XAF1 overexpression and exacerbation of diabetes, thus providing insight into the mechanism of β-cell mass reduction in diabetes.
Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of cysteine by hyphenation of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry
Authors: Eidenschink Johannes , Bagherimetkazini Seyedehelahe , Matysik Frank-Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe identification of the reaction product species stands out as one of the main limitations of the classical electrochemical techniques. This can be overcome by the combination of electrochemistry (EC) to mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the method can be further enhanced by implementing a separation technique between EC and MS. In the present work, the oxidation behavior of cysteine with coupling EC directly to MS (real-time EC–MS) or by implementing capillary electrophoresis (CE), to separate the analytes before the injection into the mass spectrometer, is investigated. Electrochemical measurements and pre-treatment were applied on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) based on carbon. Direct EC–MS measurements were carried out with a modified flow cell, while online EC–CE–MS studies of cysteine oxidation were conducted with a custom-made setup. An electrochemical conversion yield for cysteine of up to 69% was found. Cystine, cysteic acid, and cysteine sulfinic acid were found as oxidation products. The identification of these product species was carried out according to their migration behavior in CE, and mass-to-charge ratios in addition to their isotopic patterns shown in the MS spectra.
Graphical abstract
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine in human rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA): analytical and clinical considerations
Authors: Tsikas Dimitrios , Mikuteit Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an endogenous cysteine metabolite. The drug is widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and as antidote in acetaminophen (paracetamol) intoxication. Currently, the utility of NAC is investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is generally considered associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Besides clinical laboratory parameters, the effects of NAC are evaluated by measuring in plasma or serum nitrite, nitrate or their sum (NOx) as measures of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal and 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α serve as measures of oxidative stress, notably lipid peroxidation. In this work, we review recent clinico-pharmacological studies on NAC in rheumatoid arthritis. We discuss analytical, pre-analytical and clinical issues and their potential impact on the studies outcome. Major issues include analytical inaccuracy due to interfering endogenous substances and artefactual formation of MDA and relatives during storage in long-term studies. Differences in the placebo and NAC groups at baseline with respect to these biomarkers are also a serious concern. Modern applied sciences are based on data generated using commercially available instrumental physico-chemical and immunological technologies and assays. The publication process of scientific work rarely undergoes rigorous peer review of the analytical approaches used in the study in terms of accuracy/trueness. There is pressing need of considering previously reported reference concentration ranges and intervals as well as specific critical issues such as artefactual formation of particular biomarkers during sample storage. The latter especially applies to surrogate biomarkers of oxidative stress, notably MDA and relatives. Reported data on NO, MDA and clinical parameters, including C-reactive protein, interleukins and tumour necrosis factor α, are contradictory in the literature. Furthermore, reported studies do not allow any valid conclusion about utility of NAC in RA. Administration of NAC patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not recommended in current European and American guidelines.
Lebenslanges Lernen in der Notfallmedizin – „Continuous professional development“
Authors: Breckwoldt Jan , Gruber Hans 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt drei wesentliche Aspekte zum lebenslangen Lernen in der Medizin vor: (1) die Orientierung der Ausbildungsziele an beruflichen Kompetenzen (Kompetenzbasierung, unterstützt durch „entrustable professional activities“), (2) Befunde zur Entwicklung von beruflicher Expertise (Dreyfus-Modell und „dual process theory“) sowie (3) das CanMEDS(Canadian-Medical-Education-Directives-for-Specialists)-Rollenmodell zur Beschreibung der ärztlichen Handlungsfelder, das auch auf andere medizinische Berufe anwendbar ist. Alle drei Aspekte beeinflussen einander wechselseitig und müssen daher in einem gemeinsamen Kontext gesehen werden.
The influence of SES, cognitive, and non-cognitive abilities on grades: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from two Swedish cohorts
Authors: Boman Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is well established that socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, and non-cognitive abilities such as self-efficacy are substantially associated with academic achievement. However, the specific relationships of these variables remain a relatively unexplored topic in regard to more recent and representative samples. The current study examined such relations by taking advantage of two cohorts (total N = 12,315) of Swedish students at the elementary (Grade 6) and lower-secondary school levels (Grade 8) in the compulsory school. The regression models showed that all three variables explained a substantial portion of grade variance, with cognitive ability having the strongest relationship, followed by non-cognitive abilities, and SES. Longitudinal associations, which accounted for previous academic achievement, showed that the three variables did still explain a substantial amount of grade variance.