bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneoscopy‐Assisted Dismembered Pyeloplasty With Single‐Site Plus One Port in Older Children With Congenital Hydronephrosis
Authors: Tanabe Kazuya , Nakamura Shigeru , Hyuga Taiju , Kubo Taro , Kawai Shina , Nakai Hideo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to clarify the advantage of retroperitoneoscopy‐assisted dismembered pyeloplasty with single‐site plus one port (RPSPO) for pediatric congenital hydronephrosis in patients aged ≥7 years.MethodsWe retrospectively compared a group of patients aged ≥7 years (study group) with patients aged <7 years (comparison group), who underwent RPSPO between August 2015 and August 2018, in terms of preoperative patient characteristics, intra‐ and perioperative results, and postoperative results.ResultsThe study group consisted of eight patients. The median body weight at surgery was 27 kg (20–38 kg). The median age at surgery was 102.5 m (87–139 m). The severity of hydronephrosis on the affected side graded by the Society for Fetal Urology grade was grade 3 in one case and grade 2 or less in all other cases. All patients underwent a 99mTc‐MAG3 renogram. Comparison between the two groups showed significant differences in body weight at surgery (p = 0.003), age (p < 0.001), and preoperative hydronephrosis grade (p = 0.007), but the median length of the skin incision was 20 mm in both groups, with no significant difference (p = 1.000). Redo pyeloplasty was not required in any patient in either group.ConclusionRPSPO is an advantageous procedure for older children because it allows precise ureteropelvic neoanastomosis under direct vision and the same wound size as in younger children.
Decision‐making experiences of health professionals in withdrawing treatment for children and young people: A qualitative study
Authors: Abdin Shanara , Heath Gemma , Neilson Susan , Byron‐Daniel James , Hooper Nic 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors that influence professionals in deciding whether to withdraw treatment from a child and how decision making is managed amongst professionals as an individual and as a team.Study DesignSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of health professionals working at a UK Children's Hospital, with children with life‐limiting illnesses whose treatment has been withdrawn. Data were transcribed verbatim, anonymized and analysed using a thematic framework method.ResultsA total of 15 participants were interviewed. Five interrelated themes with associated subthemes were generated to help understand the experiences of health professionals in decision making on withdrawing a child's treatment: (1) understanding the child's best interests, (2) multidisciplinary approach, (3) external factors, (4) psychological well‐being and (5) recommendations to support shared decision making.ConclusionA shared decision‐making approach should be adopted to support professionals, children and their families to make decisions collectively.
Application of non‐pharmaceutical interventions in camps following the onset of COVID‐19
Authors: Garst Barry A. , Dubin Alexsandra , Gaslin Tracey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged in the United States in the spring and summer of 2020, many organizations serving children and youth immediately faced significant operational and healthcare challenges. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance for the safe operation of youth programmes emphasized the importance of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), yet few studies have examined NPI usage in summer programmes such as camps.MethodThis sequential explanatory mixed‐methods study explored the utilization of NPIs among camp healthcare providers who completed an online questionnaire followed by one‐on‐one interviews.ResultsThe study findings indicated that camps consistently used a core set of NPIs to maintain and protect the health of camp participants, including screening, cohorting, hand hygiene, sanitizing practices, ventilation and physical distancing. The study findings further identified specific practices of camp healthcare providers that made NPI utilization possible, as exemplified in the emergent themes of wellness promotion; health awareness and modelling; and camp health service mobilization.ConclusionNPI usage benchmarks from this study, as well as effective practices for NPI utilization, can inform the application of NPIs and other health‐promoting practices across diverse formal and informal youth settings.
Investigation of the effect of laser technology on the colouring and patterning possibilities in polyacrylonitrile socks
Authors: Atav Rıza , Köksal Daban Sevda , Çetin Erdoğan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to determine the effect of laser treatment on basic dye uptake and the fastness values of acrylic socks. To achieve this, laser treatments were applied to acrylic socks at different resolutions (10, 20 and 30 dpi) over various pixel times (80, 100 and 120 µs) before dyeing. To support the findings obtained, tests and analyses, such as Yellowness Index, Fourier Transform–infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and bursting strength, were also applied to untreated and treated fabric samples. It was found that treatment with laser did not have a significant effect on the basic dye uptake of fibres; nevertheless, the samples treated with laser were dyed slightly lighter than the untreated sample. Furthermore, it was determined that the samples treated at 30 dpi started to melt and the fabric was damaged considerably, but the fabrics treated at 10 and 20 dpi were not affected at all. Another result obtained regarding the use of laser technology in acrylic socks is that if some areas of acrylic socks are not treated with laser, while some other areas are treated with laser at 20 dpi for 100 µs, it is possible to obtain patterns containing two different shades of the same colour on the socks.
Interaction between ischemic time and donor age under the new donor heart allocation system: Effect on post‐transplant survival
Authors: Nordan Taylor , Mahrokhian Shant H. , Liang Caroline J. , Ortoleva Jamel P. , Critsinelis Andre C. , Chen Frederick Y. , Couper Gregory S. , Kawabori Masashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIschemic time (IT) under the new heart transplant (HTx) allocation system has increased compared to the old system. We investigated the effect of IT and donor age on post‐HTx survival.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was analyzed to identify adult HTx between October 2015 and August 2020. Recipients were stratified by donor age, transplantation era, and IT. Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank tests were used to compare 180‐day post‐HTx mortality. Cox proportional hazards modeling and propensity score matching were performed to adjust for confounders.ResultsUnder the new system (N = 3654), IT≥4 h led to decreased survival compared to IT < 4 h (91.4% vs. 93.7%; P = .02), although this decrease was undetectable among those with donors ≥39 years old (90.4% vs. 91.1%; P = .73). IT≥4 h led to decreased survival with donors < 39 years old (91.7% vs. 94.6%; P < .01). Under the old system (N = 5987), IT≥4 h resulted in decreased survival (89.8% vs. 93.9%; P < .01), including with donors ≥39 years old (86.9% vs. 92.4%; P < .01).ConclusionsIT≥4 h remains a risk for post‐HTx mortality under the new system. However, the magnitude of this effect is blunted when donor age is ≥39 years, likely secondary to increased allocation of these organs to lower status, more stable recipients.
A detailed radiographic description and correlated magnetic resonance imaging findings of an infrequently identified articular indentation of the articular margin of the distal phalanx
Authors: Frietman S. K. , Aert C. D. M. Van , ter Braake F. , Compagnie E. , De Heer N. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundEquine veterinarians frequently obtain lateromedial radiographs of the feet. During assessment, one infrequently encounters a triangular‐shaped articular indentation of the articular surface of the distal phalanx (P3). To the authors’ knowledge, there are no detailed radiographic or MRI descriptions of this specific articular indentation in the literature so far.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to give a detailed morphological description of this radiographical identified articular indentation.Study designDescriptive study.MethodsAll LM and DP radiographs of the feet of horses presented at our hospital between August 2016 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for presence of an articular indentation. Following selection, patient information, patient history, clinical findings, MRI‐finding and surgical details were retrieved. In total, 30 horses were included of which 12 underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Radiographs and MRI results were evaluated for the precise location, shape and extent of the articular indentation and for signs of degenerative joint disease of the DIPJ.ResultsFour different indentation types were identified radiographically. Concomitant low field MRI proved to be a useful and excellent imaging modality for evaluation of this rare articular indentation and its surrounding subchondral bone. MRI findings were various and ranged from slight subchondral contour deviations to obvious OCLL (Osseous Cyst Like Lesions). Furthermore, MRI identified some additional indentation related OCLLs that were not noted on plain radiographs.Main limitationsThe limited number of horses that were included and the absence of complementary histopathology.ConclusionsArticular indentations are typically identified in the third quarter of the articular margin of P3 and may have underlying OCLLs. Since OCLLs are known to be a potential cause of future unsoundness, careful radiographic assessment is advised if an indentation is encountered. If needed, Standing Low‐Field MRI can give additional and detailed information.
PD‐L1 in circulating exosomes of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Zanella Anaïs , Vautrot Valentin , Aubin François , Avoscan Laure , Samimi Mahtab , Garrido Carmen , Gobbo Jessica , Nardin Charlée 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExosomes, as potential circulated biomarkers, have recently become a topic of interest in the field of oncology. Immune checkpoint molecule PD‐L1 has recently been detected in circulating exosomes from cancer patients. The purpose of this work was to evaluate PD‐L1 levels in circulating exosomes (Exo‐PD‐L1) isolated from patients’ plasma suffering from Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). We conducted a prospective bicentric cohort study. PD‐L1 was analysed in circulating exosomes from plasma samples of patients suffering from MCC stage I to IV (according to the AJCC 8). Exosomes from 34 patients corresponding to 66 samples were analysed. PD‐L1 was identified in circulating exosomes of MCC patients. Exo‐PD‐L1 levels of MCC patients were similar to healthy donors and lower than other cancers such as melanoma. Exo‐PD‐L1 levels tended to be higher in MCC patients with distant metastases. Furthermore, Exo‐PD‐L1 levels did not significantly vary over the course of the disease whatever the disease course or the response to treatment. This study assessed the presence of PD‐L1 in circulating exosomes of MCC patients. The low levels of Exo‐PD‐L1 and small changes over the course of the disease may be due to the metastatic dissemination of MCC, which is mainly through the skin and lymph nodes rather than blood. PD‐L1 was identified in circulating exosomes of MCC patients and tends to be higher in advanced disease. This preliminary study is a proof of concept of PD‐L1 detection in circulating exosomes of MCC patients.
Off‐target inhibition of NGLY1 by the polycaspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐fmk induces cellular autophagy
Authors: Needs Sarah H. , Bootman Martin D. , Grotzke Jeff E. , Kramer Holger B. , Allman Sarah A. 
Published: January 2022

The polycaspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐fmk acts as an inhibitor of peptide: N‐glycanase (NGLY1), an endoglycosidase which cleaves N‐linked glycans from glycoproteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). Both pharmacological N‐glycanase inhibition by Z‐VAD‐fmk and siRNA‐mediated knockdown (KD) of NGLY1 induce GFP‐LC3‐positive puncta in HEK 293 cells. The activation of ER stress markers or induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not observed under either condition. Moreover, Ca2+ handling is unaffected when observing release from intracellular stores. Under conditions of pharmacological NGLY1 inhibition or NGLY1 KD, upregulation of autophagosome formation without impairment of autophagic flux is observed. Enrichment of autophagosomes by immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis reveals comparable autophagosomal protein content. Gene ontology analysis of proteins enriched in autophagosome IPs shows overrepresentation of factors involved in protein translation, localization and targeting, RNA degradation and protein complex disassembly. Upregulation of autophagy represents a cellular adaptation to NGLY1 inhibition or KD, and ATG13‐deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show reduced viability under these conditions. In contrast, treatment with pan‐caspase inhibitor, Q‐VD‐OPh, does not induce cellular autophagy. Therefore, experiments with Z‐VAD‐fmk are complicated by the effects of NGLY1 inhibition, including induction of autophagy, and Q‐VD‐OPh represents an alternative caspase inhibitor free from this limitation.EnzymesPeptide:N‐glycanase1, Peptide‐N(4)‐(N‐acetyl‐beta‐glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase [EC:3.5.1.52].
Changes in elements and magnetic properties of Sendai Bay sediments caused by the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami
Authors: Abe Hirokuni , Kawamura Noriko , Ishikawa Naoto , Kogiso Tetsu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNearshore marine sediments deposited along island arcs can preserve evidence of past disaster events, such as tsunamis. Evidence of a tsunami that occurred off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, on March 11, 2011, was likely preserved in marine sediments. Using geochemical and rock magnetic analyses, this study aimed to investigate tsunami records preserved in marine sediments in Sendai Bay, located west of the epicenter of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We collected sediment samples at five stations (S‐1, S‐2, S‐3, S‐4, and S‐5) in Sendai Bay from 2002 to 2014. We compared the samples collected before and after the tsunami. We established that the silt component increased, while that of fine sand decreased at stations S‐3, S‐4, and S‐5 in the 2011 sediment sample. Notably, the concentrations of terrestrial and industrial metallic elements (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and total nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur amounts increased, while the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanent magnetization values decreased after the tsunami. We also found that Ti‐poor magnetite increased in the 2011 samples, indicating tsunami‐mediated changes. The study area experienced a large typhoon 6 months after the tsunami, leading to flooding. The elevation in the total organic carbon and total nitrogen ratio in the 2012 sample suggested that terrestrial organic matter was supplied by the flood.
Geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes of the Late Mesozoic lamprophyres in the Chaohu area, eastern China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: Chen Mo , Li Longming , Kan Tianxiang , Liu Hang , Zhao Xilin , Li Jiahao , Han Xu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLate Mesozoic lamprophyres are widespread in the Chaohu area of the Lower Yangtze region, eastern China. These mantle‐derived rocks are of great significance for understanding the characteristics of mantle source and tectonic environment of eastern China during the Late Mesozoic. The lamprophyres from the Chaohu area can be divided into two types. The type‐I lamprophyres have low SiO2 (43.8–44.5 wt.%) and TiO2 (1.06–1.14 wt.%), high MgO (13.5–17.5 wt.%) and high contents of compatible elements, and are enriched in LREE and LILE but depleted in HFSE. They have high initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.70767–0.70904) and negative εNd (t) (−4.8 to −4.4). The type‐II lamprophyres are characterized by low contents of SiO2 (43.0–45.4 wt.%), high TiO2 (1.74–2.55 wt.%), MgO (9.17–15.4 wt.%), and compatible elements. They are also enriched in LREE and LILE but depleted in HFSE. They show enriched Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions with initial 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70773–0.70886) and εNd (t) values (−8.6 to −7.8). The type‐I lamprophyres show higher Mg# and MgO contents but significant lower TiO2 than the type‐II lamprophyres. In addition, the type‐I lamprophyres have relatively similar initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios but higher εNd(t) values than the type‐II lamprophyres. The difference of geochemical characteristics between the type‐I and type‐II lamprophyres may be caused by different degrees of partial melting of an amphibole‐bearing garnet lherzolite mantle. The lithospheric mantle was metasomatised by the fluids caused by the rollback of the Paleo‐Pacific plate subduction during the Late Cretaceous.
A realist evaluation of weighted modalities as an alternative to pro re nata medication for mental health inpatients
Authors: Dawson Suzanne , Oster Candice , Scanlan Justin , Kernot Jocelyn , Ayling Barry , Pelichowski Katarzyna , Beamish Amelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImplementing psychosocial approaches into mental health inpatient settings continues to be challenging. This is despite mental health policies prioritizing trauma‐informed and recovery‐orientated care approaches. This study reports on an interdisciplinary project that implemented and examined the uptake of weighted modalities in a psychiatric inpatient rehabilitation setting. While over‐reliance on pro re nata (PRN) medication in these settings has been reported, weighted modalities are a sensory approach that can be self‐initiated by consumers as an alternative to use of PRN to manage distress and agitation. A mixed‐methods realist approach was used to determine what works, for whom, and in what circumstances weighted modalities were offered by clinicians and used by consumers. Additionally, we were interested in determining whether there was an associated change in PRN use during the trial. Data included in‐depth interviews with consumers (n = 12) and clinicians (n = 11), and extraction of PRN medication use preceding, throughout, and following implementation. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in PRN rates in the first 3 months of implementation (mean difference from baseline = 29.5,P = 0.047) but a significant decrease in the second three‐month period following implementation (mean difference from baseline = −30.7,P = 0.036). Qualitative findings highlighted the key components of successful implementation as being environmental restructuring (availability/accessibility and visibility of weighted modalities) and social influences. Strategies to enhance these components are discussed.
Contemporary perceptions and meanings of ‘the medical model’ amongst NHS mental health inpatient clinicians
Authors: Barnes Georgina L. , Haghiran Maryam Z. , Tracy Derek K. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDebates within health care and public spheres have, at times, created a seeming ‘divide’ between biological and psychosocial determinants and management of mental health difficulties. The phrase ‘medical model’ is often held up as an example and is sometimes used pejoratively to infer over‐reliance on biology and medication. Our objective was to explore inpatient mental health clinicians’ perceptions of the definition and the application of a ‘medical model’ in contemporary mental health care. In this qualitative study, eighteen clinicians working in adult inpatient teams participated in three mixed focus groups. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Three core themes were identified: (i) power of a ‘medical model’ and authority of the medic; (ii) responsibility within, and reliance on, a ‘medical model’; and (iii) integrated models of contemporary mental health care. Subthemes arose around organisational culture and low resources affecting the power of a ‘medical model’ and the value of multidisciplinary and person‐centred approaches. The findings highlight the importance of recognising inter‐professional dynamics and power gradients in mental health teams and organisations, as we begin to move towards more integrated models of collaboration and distributed leadership within the NHS.
Die Aktualität der positivistischen Methode ‐ am Beispiel Thomas Mann
Authors: Dierks Manfred 
Published: January 2022

Das derzeit prinzipielle Problem, wie theoretisch neu fundierte Methoden die Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftslogisch anders reflektierten »älteren« Literaturwissenschaft sich nutzbar machen könnten, wird an einem Beispiel aus der Thomas‐Mann‐Forschung angesprochen.Verf. stellt zu Hartmut Böhmes sozialpsychologischer Interpretation von Murió und der Zauberer (Orbis Litterarum 1975, H. 4) fest, daß diese Interpretation um eine entscheidende Erkenntnisdimension verkürzt bleibt, weil sie Thomas Manns primäre Gedankenmodelle außer acht läßt. Dies wird in drei Schritten unternommen:

Das den Ereignissen im Mario tatsächlich unterlegte Strukturierungs‐ und Deutungsmodell Thomas Manns wird nach seiner Entstehung im Werk rekonstruiert.
Die Novelle wird in dieser Hinsicht neu interpretiert.
Es wird dabei nachgewiesen, inwiefern eine rein sozialpsycho logische Textanalyse sich in der Einschätzung Thomas Manns verfehlt. Dieser steht in entscheidender Differenz zum symbolisch unterliegenden Ich‐Erzähler, seine eigenen Deutungsmuster bleiben stabil.
Fully dense ZrB2 ceramics by borothermal reduction with ultra‐fine ZrO2 and solid solution
Authors: Xu Liang , Guo Wei‐Ming , Liu Qiu‐Yu , Zhang Yan , Wu Li‐Xiang , You Yang , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effects of ZrO2 particle size (55 nm and 113 nm) and borothermal reduction routes (borothermal reduction with water‐washing (BRW) and in situ 5 mol% TaB2 solid solution, BRS) on synthesis and densification of ZrB2 were investigated. Irrespective of reduction routes, the use of finer ZrO2 powders as raw materials resulted in finer ZrB2 powders. Compared to the powders derived from BRS, the powders derived from BRW had smaller particle size with higher oxygen content, especially the powders synthesized with finer ZrO2. Irrespective of ZrO2 particle size, the oxygen contents of ZrB2 powders prepared by the BRS route were similar. Because of the high oxygen content, the ZrB2 ceramics synthesized by BRW with finer ZrO2 demonstrated the lowest relative density (90.5%), which resulted in the lowest Vickers’ hardness (14.2 ± 0.9 GPa). Due to the low oxygen content and small particle size of ZrB2 powders, fully dense ZrB2 ceramics (relative density: 99.6%) with highest Vickers’ hardness (16.0 ± 0.2 GPa) were achieved by BRS with finer ZrO2 powders.
Synthesis of Na ion‐electron mixed conductor Na3Zr2Si2PO12 by doping with transition metal elements (Co, Fe, Ni)
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhao Gaolei , Qiang Wenjiang , Huang Bingxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNASICON solid electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) exhibits high chemical stability and can be utilized as cladding materials of cathodes to improve battery cycle stability. However, the electronic conductivity of NZSP is extremely low (∼10−9 S cm−1), which will hinder the electron conduction of cathode materials. To address this issue, the electronic conductivity of NZSP is improved by doping with transition metal elements (Co, Fe, Ni). Co‐doped NZSP has an electronic conductivity of 5.03 × 10−6 S cm−1. On the other hand, the ionic conductivity of doped samples remains stable, even slightly increased. The mechanical properties of pristine and doped samples are characterized with a micro indenter, which is also a key parameter for coating materials.