bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of antibacterial activity of graphene‐coated textiles through surface polarity
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela P. , Moreirinha Catarina , Rajan Gopika , Neves Ana I. S. , Freitas Sidónio C. , Sequeira Sara , Russo Saverio , Craciun Monica F. , Almeida Adelaide , Alves Helena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphene is emerging in numerous wearable and biomedical applications. Understanding the impact of graphene‐based nanocomposites over bacterial activity is critical for design appropriate technical solutions. In this work, antibacterial activity of monolayer and few‐layer graphene is tested against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive model bacteria. Such graphene‐based nanomaterials present different effects on bacteria viability, depending on concentration and shape. The presence of dopant agents can either increase or revert graphene antibacterial effect. Among other bactericidal mechanisms, we also demonstrate that graphene surface polarity is connected to antibacterial properties and can be easily modified by surface charge transfer doping. This electrophilicity tuning offers a novel mechanism for the molecular basis of graphene's antibacterial activity.
An unusual presentation of invasive aspergillosis with submandibular swelling in a 49‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease: A case report
Authors: Iqbal Phool , Dakhlia Sinda , Hassen Sara Seife , Mahdi Salah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is a fatal disease and is related to immunocompromised patients like HIV, solid organ/allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, patients on immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy agents, burn patients and malnourished patients. Diagnosis is challenging due to the non‐specific nature of symptoms. Usually, the patient presents with fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and haemoptysis. We present a case of IA in a 49‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease who presented with fever and developed a submandibular swelling. Further imaging studies supported the possibility of having underlying IA and accordingly he was promptly treated with systemic antifungal therapy with good response. As per our knowledge, IA presenting as submandibular swelling has not been reported in the literature. Our main aim is to highlight the significance of early diagnosis and management in such a rare presentation associated with a life‐threatening condition like IA.
An order restricted multi‐arm multi‐stage clinical trial design
Authors: Serra Alessandra , Mozgunov Pavel , Jaki Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne family of designs that can noticeably improve efficiency in later stages of drug development are multi‐arm multi‐stage (MAMS) designs. They allow several arms to be studied concurrently and gain efficiency by dropping poorly performing treatment arms during the trial as well as by allowing to stop early for benefit. Conventional MAMS designs were developed for the setting, in which treatment arms are independent and hence can be inefficient when an order in the effects of the arms can be assumed (eg, when considering different treatment durations or different doses). In this work, we extend the MAMS framework to incorporate the order of treatment effects when no parametric dose‐response or duration‐response model is assumed. The design can identify all promising treatments with high probability. We show that the design provides strong control of the family‐wise error rate and illustrate the design in a study of symptomatic asthma. Via simulations we show that the inclusion of the ordering information leads to better decision‐making compared to a fixed sample and a MAMS design. Specifically, in the considered settings, reductions in sample size of around 15% were achieved in comparison to a conventional MAMS design.
Expanding Horizons – The Milky Way and Beyond
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon-solar research at the Radiophysics Laboratory (RP) was launched in September 1946 when Joe Pawsey (1908–1962) tried unsuccessfully to observe the enigmatic ‘radio star’ in Cygnus that the British team of Stanley Hey (1909–2000, Fig. 4.1), John Parsons and James Phillips (1946) had announced in the 17 August issue ofNature. Two months later, John Bolton (1922–1993; Fig. 4.2) and research assistant Bruce Slee (1924–2016) were at Dover Heights trying to observe the Sun at 60 MHz. When it insisted on remaining inactive they decided to use their 2-Yagi antenna in sea interferometer mode to search for radio emission from other types of objects. Neither had a background in astronomy, and their astronomical knowledge and resources were virtually non-existent. Bolton (1982: 349) later described how they used the Russell, Duggan and Stewart bookAstronomyto “… hazard guesses as to which types of objects might emit copious amounts of radio emission …” andNorton’s Star Atlas“… to find the position of the brightest candidate in each class.”
Replica wormholes from Liouville theory
Authors: Hirano Shinji , Kuroki Tsunehide 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The replica wormholes are a key to the existence of the islands that play a central role in a recent proposal for the resolution of the black hole information paradox. In this paper, we study the replica wormholes in the JT gravity, a model of two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to a non-dynamical dilaton, by making use of the 2d conformal field theory (CFT) description, namely, the Liouville theory coupled to the (2, p) minimal matter in the p → ∞ limit. In the Liouville CFT description, the replica wormholes are created by the twist operators and the gravitational part of the bulk entanglement entropy can be reproduced from the twist operator correlators. We propose the precise dictionary and show how this correspondence works in detail.
Emerging Technology: Preparing Tomorrow's MCH Workforce to Innovate for Equity
Authors: McKool Marissa , Han Sarah , Sandhu Jaspal , Marshall Cassondra , Guendelman Sylvia , Harley Kim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today’s rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.

Description
We outline the creation of an MCH technology and innovation training pipeline developed by harnessing creative funding opportunities, diversifying training modalities, and expanding partnerships beyond traditional academic-practice partners, that be replicated and adapted by other academic programs.

Assessment
Technology and innovation will continue to be a growing intersection between health and equity, and we must create a robust pipeline of MCH leaders prepared to collaborate with entrepreneurial and innovation leaders.

Conclusion
Technology offers an important opportunity to improve MCH outcomes and reduce disparities, but only if we train the MCH workforce to seize these opportunities.
Physician Authority, Family Choice, and the Best Interest of the Child
Authors: Browne Alister 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo of the most poignant decisions in pediatrics concern disagreements between physicians and families over imperiled newborns. When can the family demand more life-sustaining treatment (LST) than physicians want to provide? When can it properly ask for less? The author looks at these questions from the point of view of decision theory, and first argues that insofar as the family acts in the child’s best interest, its choices cannot be constrained, and that the maximax and minimax strategies are equally in the child’s best interest. He then proposes a guideline according to which the family can demand LST if it is physiologically possible to preserve a life the child can be expected to welcome, and refuse such treatment if it causes suffering that is “more than can be borne” even if an uncompromised life is expected to emerge.
Joint learning of morphology and syntax with cross-level contextual information flow
Authors: Can Burcu , Aleçakır Hüseyin , Manandhar Suresh , Bozşahin Cem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose an integrated deep learning model for morphological segmentation, morpheme tagging, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and syntactic parsing onto dependencies, using cross-level contextual information flow for every word, from segments to dependencies, with an attention mechanism at horizontal flow. Our model extends the work of Nguyen and Verspoor ((2018). Proceedings of the CoNLL Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. The Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 81–91.) on joint POS tagging and dependency parsing to also include morphological segmentation and morphological tagging. We report our results on several languages. Primary focus is agglutination in morphology, in particular Turkish morphology, for which we demonstrate improved performance compared to models trained for individual tasks. Being one of the earlier efforts in joint modeling of syntax and morphology along with dependencies, we discuss prospective guidelines for future comparison.
The effects of an exposure therapy training program for pre-professionals in an intensive exposure-based summer camp
Authors: McCarty Ryan J. , Cooke Danielle L. , Lazaroe Lacie M. , Guzick Andrew G. , Guastello Andrea D. , Budd Sierra M. , Downing Seth T. , Ordway Ashley R. , Mathews Carol A. , McNamara Joseph P. H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although exposure therapy (ET) is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, many clinicians report not utilizing it. The present study targeted common utilization barriers by evaluating an intensive ET training experience in a relatively inexperienced sample of pre-professionals. Thirty-two individuals at the undergraduate or college graduate level without formal clinical experience participated as camp counsellors in a 5day exposure-based therapeutic summer camp for youth with anxiety disorders and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants were trained in ET through a progressive cascading model and answered questionnaires before and after camp. Repeated measure MANOVA revealed significantly increased feelings of self-efficacy conducting exposures, and significantly decreased feelings of disgust sensitivity and contamination-related disgust from pre-camp to post-camp. A subset of individuals providing data 1 month after the camp maintained a significant gain in ET self-efficacy. Regression analyses revealed that contamination-related disgust, but not disgust sensitivity, significantly predicted post-camp ET self-efficacy. These findings suggest that individuals early into their post-secondary education can learn ET, and the progressive cascading model holds promise in its utility across experience levels and warrants further investigation. Disgust may also play a role in feelings of competency conducting ET. Implications on dissemination and implementation efforts are also discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
How can training of CBT techniques such as exposure occur prior to graduate education?

(2)
Can self-efficacy in conducting exposures meaningfully increase in an experiential training of pre-professionals?

(3)
How does an individual’s tolerance of disgust impact feelings of competence conducting exposures?
State and development trends of peasant farm enterprises in Penza region
Authors: Efremova E V , Tkachuk O A , Bogomazov S V , Lyandenburskaya A V , Levin A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The formation of the private sector in agriculture was caused by structural changes in the agro-industrial complex. One of the representatives of the private sector in the agricultural sector is a peasant farm enterprise, a form of farming that has mobility and flexibility in the market economy and contributes to its stable development. Farm enterprises also enhance the use of available material, technical, labour and economic resources. The article shows the number of peasant farm enterprises and performance indicators from 2008-2020. For a more holistic and systematic approach to the development prospects of peasant farm enterprises in the region, a SWOT analysis was compiled to systematise the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to development.
Results of studies of a suction-type milking machine with squeezing effect
Authors: Yashin A V , Polyvyanyj Y V , Kalinina O S , Khorev P N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An important measure in dairy farming is to increase the rate of milk production by increasing the milk productivity of cows. The use of modern milking equipment that meets the requirements of animal physiology will help to increase the milk production of animals. Due to the analysis of device constructions it has been revealed that the most essential disadvantage is their extremely hard influence on teat receptors and consequently inhibition of milking reflex. This leads to a reduction in the milk yield and the milking intensity of the cow. One of the items of the Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Agricultural Development 2017-2025, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 21 July 2016 N°350 “On Measures to Implement the State Scientific and Technical Policy for Agricultural Development” and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 25 August 2017 N°996 “On Approving the Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Agricultural Development 2017-2025” is technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector, without which, with the equipment used, it is impossible to fully ensure import substitution with competitive products and increase the economic security of the country. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the work on improving milking machines is an urgent task and is of practical interest to farms.
Environmentally proved methods of cascade conversion of organic waste using a microbial complex with filamentous fungi
Authors: Ilyin D U , Ilyina G V , Sashenkova S A , Vorobyova A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of microbial bioconversion as an effective way to utilize organic waste in relation to the industrial poultry industry. At modern poultry farms, with the implementation of an intensive technology for growing poultry, the main type of waste that could limit the scale of production is significant scale of waste litter. The cellulose and lignin components that make up the waste material and litter mass are hardly decomposable substrates. The article contains information on the results of examining the parameters of microbial processes that ensure the degradation of organic matter, including, in addition to the actual poultry litter, a significant proportion of natural components. The advantages and dynamics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the aboriginal microflora of waste have been defined. The methods of the developed recycling technology, which is a cascade process of destruction of the waste material components, are described. Destructive processes are provided by the work of a kind of biological conveyor where various systematic and ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms have been applied. Consecutively realized fermentation provides the most efficient conversion of the substance by analogy with natural reduction and soil-forming processes. The efficiency of the use of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria, as well as the cellulolytic and lignolytic potential of actinomycetes and filamentous fungi variates at the stage of decomposition that is optimal for each destructor has been examined. Bioconversion allows to ensure a waste mass loss of up to 30-33% of the original, to reduce emissions into the atmosphere of significant amounts of ammonia and amines, which have a characteristic pungent odor, thereby reducing social tension in the areas located closely to the storage sites. The final product of the cascade biodegradation is biocompost, which corresponds to the physicochemical parameters of organomineral fertilizer.
Prospective directions for the development of grain farming in the region, taking into account zonal features (on the example of Penza region)
Authors: Kukharev O N , Ivanov A A , Alekseeva S N , Savvateeva S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The most important task in the sphere of agro-industrial complex management in the region is to identify new points of growth and competitive advantages of agricultural sectors, based on the rational use of available resources and minimization of the negative impact of factors constraining the development of production. An analysis of dynamics and distribution of grain crops production has shown that in view of development of industrial crops, the maintenance of stable grain production at the level of 2.7-3.0 million tons is possible due to intensification of grain and leguminous crops production and introduction of new high-yielding and demanded in the market agricultural crops into crop rotations. Intensification of grains and legumes production in Penza region must be based firstly on raising the sown areas sown with seeds of higher reproductions for providing of scientifically grounded varietal changes and variety renovation. The implementation of this task will be possible if a modern system of breeding and seed production of grain crops is established in the region. Preservation of soil fertility and reduction of the grain crop production cost can be achieved by reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the share of profitable leguminous crops, such as peas, lentils, and lupine, in the structure of crop rotations. Grain maize has a significant potential for diversification and increase in grain production, if agrotechnics, zoned and promising varieties and hybrids adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the region are introduced. Sustainable production of grain and leguminous crops in the region is impossible without modernization of existing and creation of new capacities on storage and processing of grain crops. Realization of complex of scientific-production and organizational-economic and program-targeted measures is of great importance.
Experimental studies of a seed disinfection device
Authors: Kukharev O N , Syomov I N , Kondratieva K S , Yashin A V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article deals with one of the most pressing problems at present - reducing seed germination loss during storage in grain bins. The quality of the grain determines the germination rate of the seed and its maturity. However, anyone involved in agriculture can say with certainty that seed treatment before planting - “seed disinfection” - is just as important. Seed disinfection is a targeted procedure that aims to protect the seed economically and ecologically. Special preparations (pesticides) and their combinations are used for this purpose. The equipment used for seed disinfection in many plants does not always meet modern agrotechnical requirements of treatment quality, consequently it is necessary to develop technology and design of technical means with justification of its design and technological parameters. During the work, experimental methods such as simulation, observation, experiment were used. On the basis of this, the technological scheme and design of the unit for disinfection of grain in the flow when putting in storage was obtained and the optimal parameters of the proposed device were determined.
Effect of Leg Length Discrepancy on Lateral Center-edge Angle Measurement
Authors: Park Jung-Wee , Shin Chang Ho , Choi Byung Sun , Cho Yoon Joo , Yoo Won Joon , Choi In Ho , Cho Tae-Joon 
Published: January 2022

Background:
In patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD) and consequent pelvic obliquity, either the longitudinal axis of the pelvis or a line perpendicular to the ground may be used as the longitudinal reference line for measuring the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). We aimed to (1) systematically inspect which longitudinal reference line has been used for measuring the LCEA in previous studies; (2) evaluate the frequency of change in the radiographical classification of acetabular overcoverage or undercoverage per the longitudinal reference line; and (3) validate the trigonometric method, predicting the change in the LCEA according to the LLD.

Methods:
Studies investigating the LCEA published between January 1976 and July 2019 in the MEDLINE database were categorized according to the longitudinal reference line used. Further, in a retrospective analysis of 238 patients surgically treated for LLD, the LCEA was first measured on standing pelvic radiographs using the longitudinal axis of the pelvis (pLCEA) and measured again using a line perpendicular to the ground (gLCEA). Femoral head coverage was categorized as undercoverage, normal, or overcoverage based on the pLCEA and gLCEA. The theoretically calculated difference between the pLCEA and gLCEA (dLCEA) as determined using a trigonometric method was compared with the dLCEA measured on radiographs.

Results:
Of 229 previous studies, 188 did not specify the longitudinal reference line. The number of patients who were diagnosed with acetabular overcoverage using the pLCEA and gLCEA was one and fourteen, respectively (P<0.001). The number of patients who were diagnosed with acetabular undercoverage using the pLCEA and gLCEA was one and zero, respectively (P=1.000). There was no difference (P=0.433) between the theoretically calculated (9±5 degrees) and measured (9±5 degrees) dLCEAs.

Conclusions:
The definition of the longitudinal reference line should be clarified when measuring the LCEA. The trigonometric method can accurately predict the change in the LCEA according to LLD in concentric hips without proximal femoral and pelvic deformities.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—diagnostic study.
Neural hyperactivity is a core pathophysiological change induced by deletion of an autism risk gene Ash1l in the mouse brain
Authors: Gao Yuen , Aljazi Mohammad B , He Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with various gene mutations. Previous genetic and clinical studies report that mutations of the epigenetic gene ASH1L are highly associated with human ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Recent studies demonstrate that loss of Ash1l in the mouse brain is sufficient to induce ASD/ID-like behavioral and cognitive memory deficits, suggesting that disruptive ASH1L mutations are likely to be the causative driver leading to the ASD/ID pathogenesis in human patients. However, the brain pathophysiological changes underlying the Ash1l-deletion-induced ASD/ID-like behavioral and memory deficits remain unknown. Here we show loss of Ash1l in the mouse brain causes locomotor hyperactivity and higher metabolic rates . In addition, the mutant mice display lower thresholds for the convulsant reagent-induced epilepsy and increased neuronal activities in broad brain areas. Thus, our current study reveals that neural hyperactivity is a core pathophysiological change in the Ash1l-deficient mouse brain, which provides a brain-level basis for further studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the Ash1l-deletion-induced ASD/ID pathogenesis.