bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Way of Measuring Dual-Task Interference: The Reliability and Construct Validity of the Dual-Task Effect Battery in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Longhurst Jason K. , Rider John V. , Cummings Jeffrey L. , John Samantha E. , Poston Brach , Held Bradford Elissa C. , Landers Merrill R. 
Published: April 2022

Background. Decreased automaticity is common among individuals with neurodegenerative disease and is often assessed using dual-task (DT) paradigms. However, the best methods for assessing performance changes related to DT demands remain inconclusive. Objective. To investigate the reliability and validity of a novel battery of DT measures (DT Effect—Battery (DTE-B)) encompassing three domains: task-specific interference, task prioritization, and automaticity. Methods. Data for this retrospective cross-sectional study included 125 participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD), 127 participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 84 healthy older adults. Reliability analyses were conducted using a subset of each population. DTE-B measures were calculated from single and DT performance on the Timed Up and Go test and a serial subtraction task. Construct validity was evaluated via associations within the DTE-B and with theoretically supported measures as well as known-groups validity analyses. Results. Good to excellent reliability was found for DTE-B measures of task interference (motor and cognitive DT effects) (ICCs≥.658) and automaticity (combined DT effect (cDTE)) (ICCs≥.938). Evidence for convergent validity was found with associations within the hypothesized constructs. Known-groups validity analyses revealed differences in the DTE-B among the healthy group and PD and AD groups ( ps≤.001), excepting task prioritization ( ps≥.061). Conclusions. This study provides evidence to support the DTE-B as a reliable measure of multiple constructs pertinent to DT performance. The cDTE demonstrated evidence to support its validity as a measure of automaticity. Further investigation of the utility of the DTE-B in both PD and AD, as well as other populations, is warranted.
The Demand for Specialization and Its Influence on the Design of Inpatient Nursing Units: Can Standardized Design Be Done Once and for All?
Authors: Xuan Xiaodong , Duan Xiaoxia , Feng Zihao 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study explores the specialized nursing requirements of different clinical departments and their influence on the design of nursing units, which ultimately improves the nursing staff’s efficiency and work experience. Background: Specialization of nursing work is important in the provision of quality of healthcare. Most of the research related to nursing units has focuses on general medical–surgical nursing units and has not differentiated between clinical departments. Method: This study was conducted in one inpatient building at a large general hospital in China. Survey data were collected from 11 clinical departments via questionnaire, and interviews were conducted in 10 of the clinical departments. Results: All 11 clinical departments had significant differences in their evaluations of and requirements for the arrangement of their physical space. Specialized requirements were found in three areas: nursing work processes, arrangement and needs of clinical spaces, and allocation of facilities and equipment. Conclusion: Evaluation of the specialized requirements of different clinical departments would contribute to the body of knowledge on nursing unit design and has a positive effect on the development and improvement of design theory. Suggestions for how the design of nursing units could be improved to support the specialized demands of different departments are provided.
Factors predicting 12-month retention in care for minority women living with HIV
Authors: Ingram Mercedes V. , Amodei Nancy , Perez Veronica Villela , German Victor 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Retention in HIV medical care is associated with improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality. The present study was conducted to identify significant predictors of 1-year retention in care for a sample of minority women whose engagement in HIV care at baseline varied along the care continuum from newly diagnosed to lost-to-care. Methods: One hundred sixty-five cisgender and transgender women living with HIV in a southern US state were offered a multicomponent retention intervention that included outreach, medical case management (MCM), patient navigation services (PN), and a group intervention for stigma. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to identify baseline and intervention predictors of retention in care at 12 months following enrollment. Results: Multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline characteristics such as working significantly reduced the odds of being retained as did increasing CD4 counts. However, greater amounts of patient navigation and medical case management services received increased the odds of being retained. Conclusion: MCM services designed to accelerate coordination and linkage or re-linkage to primary care and PN services to help navigate the complex system of HIV offered in the present study are particularly effective for minority women who lack health insurance, have low CD4 counts, and are unemployed.
China Survey Report on High Schools' Online Learning Status During the Pandemic
Authors: Guo Congbin , Xu Zhuzhu , Fang Chenchen , Qin Bo 
Published: April 2022

Highlights We examined the results of a large-scale national survey of online secondary education in China. The online survey of 33,194 high school students and 5,667 teachers has provided comprehensive and representative data regarding the quality of online education and its implementation during the pandemic. Questionnaire surveys administered to students and teachers in different grades and comparative analysis of different cohorts revealed group heterogeneity of the online learning effect. The findings have elucidated the emergency teaching situation in China during the pandemic, yielding targeted suggestions for school education following the resumption of classes.
Correlation of tibiofemoral joint-space width with the clinico-radiological scoring of knee osteoarthritis – a comparison between anteroposterior and lyon-schuss radiographic views
Authors: Jalan Divesh , Gupta Akshat , Khera Pushpinder , Saxena Suvinay , Maley Deepak , Elhence Abhay 
Published: April 2022

Background The degree of joint space narrowing measured on radiographs provide a reliable estimate of the extent and severity of Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. While the standing antero-posterior (AP) view radiographs have been used traditionally, recent studies suggest that the Lyon-Schuss (LS) view is able to detect early OA changes better. The present study was, therefore, conducted to make an objective comparison between the two views with respect to their corelation with the patient's clinical and radiological scores. Methods Forty patients (80 knees) were included in this cross-sectional study. Medial as well as lateral tibiofemoral joint space widths (JSW) were measured using vernier callipers on printed, calibrated radiographic images. Knee Society Score (Function) (KSS-F) was used as the clinical outcome measure while Ahlbäck grade was used for determining radiological severity. JSW was correlated with KSS-F and the Ahlbäck grade using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Reproducibility of the method was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Average age of the participants was 60 ± 7.65 (range 50–78) years, with 18 males and 22 females. ICC for intraobserver reliability was 0.97 and for inter-observer reliability, was 0.91 (AP view) and 0.92 (LS view), respectively. Medial JSW measurements taken on the AP view were found to have a significantly higher degree of correlation with both KSS-F and Ahlbäck grade ( p  < 0.05) than those obtained from the LS view. Conclusion Although the LS view may be more sensitive for detecting early OA changes in knee, particularly in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, the present study shows that AP view correlates better with the patient's overall clinical and radiological profile.
Pandemics and Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Study on the Health Care System in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: Kumari Rakhi , Bhattacharyya Subhra 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 lockdown had an impact on access to essential health care services, especially for people suffering from chronic diseases. Non-communicable diseases like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, anaemia etc. posed many inconveniences to the patients and the health care system during this pandemic situation. This study records the response of the islanders regarding their experiences during the lockdown, and keeping the island situation in purview, it also suggests some preparedness measures for the future. To highlight the problems faced by these patients during the lockdown, a study was conducted in two different areas of Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Andaman and Nicobar Administration provided utmost care during this period that included preventive and supportive health care services to each household and all communities residing in the remote islands too. Several measures were taken to control the spread of infection among the islanders. As the focus shifted towards handling the COVID patients, there had been certain problems faced by chronically ill patients and their need for health care. The study was taken up in two villages in Port Blair, that is, Dairy Farm and Junglighat. In this study, it was observed that 41% of the males and 35% of the females suffer from hypertension and 36% of males and 44% of females suffer diabetes, respectively, in the study area, and 16.6% suffer from both these diseases. Pearson’s correlation calculated between hypertension, diabetes and kidney disease of male and female patients of all age groups shows a strong positive correlation. The results are significant at p < 0.05. During lockdown, several of them faced problems, as they were reluctant to visit health centres for the fear of contracting the disease. The virus being more harmful to comorbid conditions, these patients required additional attention. Numerous patients, who were referred to mainland India for treatment, as advanced medical facilities that were unavailable on the island, could not go due to the unavailability of transport during the period of lockdown. This aggravated the burden of these diseases enormously. There must be a way where the Island’s health sector can provide access to regular essential health care services to people suffering from chronic diseases during health disaster as such. Their health care should not be restricted and then the fear and commotion in the minds of people regarding their health can be resolved.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on severe asthma care in Europe: will care change for good?
Authors: Eger Katrien , Paroczai Dora , Bacon Alison , Schleich Florence , Sergejeva Svetlana , Bourdin Arnaud , Vachier Isabelle , Zervas Eleftherios , Katsoulis Konstantinos , Papapetrou Dimosthenis , Kostikas Konstantinos , Csoma Zsuzsanna , Heffler Enrico , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Grisle Ineta , Bieksiene Kristina , Palacionyte Jolita , ten Brinke Anneke , Hashimoto Simone , Smeenk Frank W.J.M. , Braunstahl Gert-Jan , van der Sar Simone , Mihălţan Florin , Nenasheva Natalia , Peredelskaya Marina , Zvezdin Biljana , Čekerevac Ivan , Hromiš Sanja , Ćupurdija Vojislav , Lazic Zorica , Milenkovic Branislava , Dimic-Janjic Sanja , Yasinska Valentyna , Dahlén Barbro , Bossios Apostolos , Lazarinis Nikolaos , Aronsson David , Egesten Arne , Munir Abul Kashem Mohammad , Ahlbeck Lars , Janson Christer , Škrgat Sabina , Edelbaher Natalija , Leuppi Joerg , Jaun Fabienne , Rüdiger Jochen , Pavlov Nikolay , Gianella Pietro , Fischer Reta , Charbonnier Florian , Chaudhuri Rekha , Smith Steven James , Doe Simon , Fawdon Michelle , Masoli Matthew , Heaney Liam , Haitchi Hans Michael , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh , Fulton Olivia , Frankemölle Betty , Gibson Toni , Needham Karen , Howarth Peter , Djukanovic Ratko , Bel Elisabeth , Hyland Michael 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put pressure on healthcare services, forcing the reorganisation of traditional care pathways. We investigated how physicians taking care of severe asthma patients in Europe reorganised care, and how these changes affected patient satisfaction, asthma control and future care.MethodsIn this European-wide cross-sectional study, patient surveys were sent to patients with a physician-diagnosis of severe asthma, and physician surveys to severe asthma specialists between November 2020 and May 2021.Results1101 patients and 268 physicians from 16 European countries contributed to the study. Common physician-reported changes in severe asthma care included use of video/phone consultations (46%), reduced availability of physicians (43%) and change to home-administered biologics (38%). Change to phone/video consultations was reported in 45% of patients, of whom 79% were satisfied or very satisfied with this change. Of 709 patients on biologics, 24% experienced changes in biologic care, of whom 92% were changed to home-administered biologics and of these 62% were satisfied or very satisfied with this change. Only 2% reported worsening asthma symptoms associated with changes in biologic care. Many physicians expect continued implementation of video/phone consultations (41%) and home administration of biologics (52%).ConclusionsChange to video/phone consultations and home administration of biologics was common in severe asthma care during the COVID-19 pandemic and was associated with high satisfaction levels in most but not all cases. Many physicians expect these changes to continue in future severe asthma care, though satisfaction levels may change after the pandemic.
Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease is characterised by a loss of small pulmonary vessels on quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Alkhanfar Dheyaa , Shahin Yousef , Alandejani Faisal , Dwivedi Krit , Alabed Samer , Johns Chris , Lawrie Allan , Thompson A.A. Roger , Rothman Alexander M.K. , Tschirren Juerg , Uthoff Johanna M. , Hoffman Eric , Condliffe Robin , Wild Jim M. , Kiely David G. , Swift Andrew J. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD) predicts reduced functional status, clinical worsening and increased mortality, with patients with severe PH-CLD (≥35 mmHg) having a significantly worse prognosis than mild to moderate PH-CLD (21–34 mmHg). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the association between computed tomography (CT)-derived quantitative pulmonary vessel volume, PH severity and disease aetiology in CLD.MethodsTreatment-naïve patients with CLD who underwent CT pulmonary angiography, lung function testing and right heart catheterisation were identified from the ASPIRE registry between October 2012 and July 2018. Quantitative assessments of total pulmonary vessel and small pulmonary vessel volume were performed.Results90 patients had PH-CLD including 44 associated with COPD/emphysema and 46 with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients with severe PH-CLD (n=40) had lower small pulmonary vessel volume compared to patients with mild to moderate PH-CLD (n=50). Patients with PH-ILD had significantly reduced small pulmonary blood vessel volume, compared to PH-COPD/emphysema. Higher mortality was identified in patients with lower small pulmonary vessel volume.ConclusionPatients with severe PH-CLD, regardless of aetiology, have lower small pulmonary vessel volume compared to patients with mild–moderate PH-CLD, and this is associated with a higher mortality. Whether pulmonary vessel changes quantified by CT are a marker of remodelling of the distal pulmonary vasculature requires further study.
Safety of prolonged treatment with bedaquiline in programmatic conditions
Authors: Zhurkin Dzmitriy , Gurbanova Elmira , Campbell Jonathon R. , Menzies Dick , Setkina Svetlana , Hurevich Hennadz , Solodovnikova Varvara , Viatushka Dzmitry , Altraja Alan , Skrahina Alena 
Published: April 2022

Bedaquiline is now considered a first-line medicine for treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). We evaluated the safety of treatment with bedaquiline for longer than 190 days in individuals with RR-TB under programmatic conditions.In a prospective cohort study enrolling pulmonary RR-TB patients, we initiated bedaquiline-based treatment at a tertiary hospital in Belarus. We defined standard bedaquiline use as <190 days and prolonged as ≥190 days. We recorded adverse events (AEs) and classified their seriousness and relation to bedaquiline. Our primary outcome in regression analyses was the incidence of serious AEs occurring within 5 months of bedaquiline cessation. We used generalised estimating equations to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of serious AEs between the prolonged and standard bedaquiline groups.We enrolled 113 patients, 83 (73%) of whom received standard and 30 (27%) received prolonged treatment. A total of 2030 AEs occurred during treatment. Of these, 63 (3.1%) were serious AEs occurring within 5 months of bedaquiline cessation; QTcF prolongation was the most common bedaquiline-related serious AE. The incidence of serious AEs per 100 person-months was 5.4 (3.9 to 7.2) in the standard group and 4.4 (2.6 to 7.0) in the prolonged group. In adjusted analyses, serious AEs were no different (aIRR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.42–1.61) in the prolonged group. One patient in the standard bedaquiline group died of acute cardiopulmonary failure deemed possibly related to bedaquiline.Prolonged use of bedaquiline under programmatic conditions appears safe. Clinicians should carefully monitor QTcF interval since its prolongation was commonly observed.
Algorithm for DNA sequence assembly by quantum annealing
Authors: Nałęcz-Charkiewicz Katarzyna , Nowak Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The assembly task is an indispensable step in sequencing genomes of new organisms and studying structural genomic changes. In recent years, the dynamic development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods raises hopes for making whole-genome sequencing a fast and reliable tool used, for example, in medical diagnostics. However, this is hampered by the slowness and computational requirements of the current processing algorithms, which raises the need to develop more efficient algorithms. One possible approach, still little explored, is the use of quantum computing.

Results
We present a proof of concept of de novo assembly algorithm, using the Genomic Signal Processing approach, detecting overlaps between DNA reads by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and formulating the assembly problem as an optimization task (Traveling Salesman Problem). Computations performed on a classic computer were compared with the results achieved by a hybrid method combining CPU and QPU calculations. For this purpose quantum annealer by D-Wave was used. The experiments were performed with artificially generated data and DNA reads coming from a simulator, with actual organism genomes used as input sequences. To our knowledge, this work is one of the few where actual sequences of organisms were used to study the de novo assembly task on quantum annealer.

Conclusions
Proof of concept carried out by us showed that the use of quantum annealer (QA) for the de novo assembly task might be a promising alternative to the computations performed in the classical model. The current computing power of the available devices requires a hybrid approach (combining CPU and QPU computations). The next step may be developing a hybrid algorithm strictly dedicated to the de novo assembly task, using its specificity (e.g. the sparsity and bounded degree of the overlap-layout-consensus graph).
RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Han Xingfa , Xia Xue , Zhuo Yong , Hua Lun , Yu Guozhi , Bu Guixian , Cao Xiaohan , Du XiaoGang , Liang Qiuxia , Zeng Xianyin , Meng Fengyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Salivary gland (SMG) degeneration and dysfunction are common symptoms that occur after sex hormone deprivation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Additionally, immunocastration, which causes drop of sex hormones, has been developed as an alternative to surgical castration, however whether it exerts similar effects as surgical castration on the salivary glands is unknown. Through histological and RNA-seq analysis, we assessed changes in morphology and transcriptome of SMG in response to immunocastration (IM) versus surgical castration (bilateral orchiectomy, ORC).

Results
Compared to entire males (EM), ORC caused severe degeneration of SMG in rats, as evidenced by both decreased (P < 0.01) SMG weight and organ index, and by decreased (P < 0.01) quantity of SMG acini and ducts. IM had minimal effects (P > 0.05) on SMG weight and organ index, but it still caused degeneration (P < 0.05) of the acini and ducts. Even though, the quantity of both SMG acini and ducts was much higher (P < 0.001) in IM than in ORC. Functional enrichment analysis of the common regulated genes by ORC/IM revealed disrupted epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhanced cell death are associated with SMG degeneration in deprivation of androgens. Integrated data analysis shown that there existed a selective hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion in ORC but not in IM, which might be associated with more severe degeneration of SMG in ORC than in IM.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that both surgical castration and immunocastration caused SMG degeneration by disrupting epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhancing cell death. But, surgical castration selectively induced hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion, thus causing more severe degeneration of SMG than immunocastration.
Physiological attributes and transcriptomics analyses reveal the mechanism response of Helictotrichon virescens to low temperature stress
Authors: Cheng Mingjun , Cui Kuoshu , Zheng Mingmin , Yang Tao , Zheng Junjun , Li Xiaofeng , Luo Xuan , Zhou Yang , Zhang Ruizhen , Yan Donghai , Yao Mingjiu , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Zhou Qingping , He Ruyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Helictotrichon virescens is a perennial grass that is primarily distributed in high altitude areas of 2000 ~ 4500 m. It is widely cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, strongly resistant to cold, and an essential part of the wild herbs in this region. However, the molecular mechanism of the response of H. virescens to low temperature stress and the key regulatory genes for specific biological processes are poorly understood.

Results
Physiological and transcriptome analyses were used to study the cold stress response mechanism in H virescens. During the low temperature stress period, the content of chlorophyll a and b decreased more and more with the delay of the treatment time. Among them, the difference between the controls was not significant, and the difference between the control and the treatment was significant. At the same time, the expression of related differential genes was up-regulated during low temperature treatment. In addition, the plant circadian pathway is crucial for their response to cold stress. The expression of differentially expressed genes that encode LHY and HY5 were strongly up-regulated during cold stress.

Conclusions
This study should help to fully understand how H. virescens responds to low temperatures. It answers pertinent questions in the response of perennial herbs to cold stress, i.e., how light and low temperature signals integrate to regulate plant circadian rhythms and Decrease of content of chlorophylls (which can be also accompanied with decrease of total quantity of reaction centers) leads to an increase in photosynthetic damage.