bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human spermatogonial stem cells and their niche in male (in)fertility: novel concepts from single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Di Persio Sara , Neuhaus Nina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe amount of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data produced in the field of human male reproduction has steadily increased. Transcriptional profiles of thousands of testicular cells have been generated covering the human neonatal, prepubertal, pubertal and adult period as well as different types of male infertility; the latter include non-obstructive azoospermia, cryptozoospermia, Klinefelter syndrome and azoospermia factor deletions. In this review, we provide an overview of transcriptional changes in different testicular subpopulations during postnatal development and in cases of male infertility. Moreover, we review novel concepts regarding the existence of spermatogonial and somatic cell subtypes as well as their crosstalk and provide corresponding marker genes to facilitate their identification. We discuss the potential clinical implications of scRNA-seq findings, the need for spatial information and the necessity to corroborate findings by exploring other levels of regulation, including at the epigenetic or protein level.
How not to think like a hegemon
Authors: Stein Janice Gross 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As the United States experiences a relative decline in its share of global GDP and China increases its relative share, there is growing concern about the consequences of intensifying competition between the two great powers. This article takes a wider angled view, warns against a single narrative and provides a collection of plausible stories. First, the story of the rise of China and the decline of the United States that relies heavily on ‘hard’ measures like GDP and relative military capability overlooks other relevant indicators such as normative and network power. I argue that the United States enjoys considerable advantages as measured by both these indicators and will continue to do so for some time. Second, the status of a great power in the international system is a product not only of systemic and structural forces but also of economic and political capacity that enables governments to make strategic choices. The future is contingent, not determined, because the strategies leaders choose matter. I build a matrix of nine possible worlds that result from the choices that the leaders of China and the United States could make over the next twenty years. Finally, I argue that the biggest threat to international peace may come not from rising powers, but when the leaders of the challenger as well as the defender fear that their power may have peaked and that they are beginning to decline.
How not to solve a financial crisis
Authors: James Harold 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In what ways can there be a learning from the past in the case of financial crises? A short-run assessment looks frequently different to a longer retrospective: policies that once appeared to be the best available turn out to be counter-productive. The article tackles this issue by examining three iconic and world-changing cases of financial crisis: 1931, 1997 and 2008. In each, it looked at first as if there was a substantial success, because the measures adopted corresponded to conventional wisdom. But those immediate responses, in each case driven by the sense that past mistakes needed to be avoided, in the end unfortunately set the stage for a new set of problems, and thus for the next crisis. Even though multilateral solutions might have been the best answer, the concrete dynamics of responding to crises politically produces national solutions, which may drive a nationalization of politics. The immediate and conventional solutions did not adequately deal with the social and political fallout from increasing disillusion with the way that the solutions are applied, and with the (in part) unintended consequences they produce. The side-effects of anti-crisis medicine are thus unpleasant and liable to generate new tensions.
Nearly minimax-optimal rates for noisy sparse phase retrieval via early-stopped mirror descent
Authors: Wu Fan , Rebeschini Patrick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies early-stopped mirror descent applied to noisy sparse phase retrieval, which is the problem of recovering a $k$-sparse signal $\textbf{x}^\star \in{\mathbb{R}}^n$ from a set of quadratic Gaussian measurements corrupted by sub-exponential noise. We consider the (non-convex) unregularized empirical risk minimization problem and show that early-stopped mirror descent, when equipped with the hypentropy mirror map and proper initialization, achieves a nearly minimax-optimal rate of convergence, provided the sample size is at least of order $k^2$ (modulo logarithmic term) and the minimum (in modulus) non-zero entry of the signal is on the order of $\|\textbf{x}^\star \|_2/\sqrt{k}$. Our theory leads to a simple algorithm that does not rely on explicit regularization or thresholding steps to promote sparsity. More generally, our results establish a connection between mirror descent and sparsity in the non-convex problem of noisy sparse phase retrieval, adding to the literature on early stopping that has mostly focused on non-sparse, Euclidean and convex settings via gradient descent. Our proof combines a potential-based analysis of mirror descent with a quantitative control on a variational coherence property that we establish along the path of mirror descent, up to a prescribed stopping time.
Exit Time Analysis for Approximations of Gradient Descent Trajectories Around Saddle Points
Authors: Dixit Rishabh , Gürbüzbalaban Mert , Bajwa Waheed U 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of understanding the exit time for trajectories of gradient-related first-order methods from saddle neighborhoods under some initial boundary conditions. Given the ‘flat’ geometry around saddle points, first-order methods can struggle to escape these regions in a fast manner due to the small magnitudes of gradients encountered. In particular, while it is known that gradient-related first-order methods escape strict-saddle neighborhoods, existing analytic techniques do not explicitly leverage the local geometry around saddle points in order to control behavior of gradient trajectories. It is in this context that this paper puts forth a rigorous geometric analysis of the gradient-descent method around strict-saddle neighborhoods using matrix perturbation theory. In doing so, it provides a key result that can be used to generate an approximate gradient trajectory for any given initial conditions. In addition, the analysis leads to a linear exit-time solution for gradient-descent method under certain necessary initial conditions, which explicitly bring out the dependence on problem dimension, conditioning of the saddle neighborhood, and more, for a class of strict-saddle functions.
The thin line between conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the gut
Authors: Ulezko Antonova Alina , Fachi José Luís , Gilfillan Susan , Colonna Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and are best known for proficiently presenting antigens to T cells, thereby eliciting specific adaptive T cell responses. Moreover, conventional DCs (cDCs) are specifically adept at handling intestinal antigens. Relatively recent discoveries and investigations have proven the existence of a new group of innate lymphocytes that reside in tissues like the intestine. They lack specific antigen receptors and can express MHC-II. These group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) comprise a subset of heterogeneous innate lymphocytes that mirror the phenotype and functions of T-helper cells and act in the first line of defense. Considering that ILC3s are crucial for maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa and are found in niches alongside DCs, we herein describe the roles played by cDCs and ILC3s in the gut, highlighting the most recent studies. We discuss how these cells are alike and differ, constantly pointing out the thin, blurry line that separates cDCs and ILC3s.
Denying a Unified Concept of Disability
Authors: Timpe Kevin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that there are reasons to believe that there is no single concept or category which demarcates all individuals who have a disability from those individuals who do not. The paper begins by describing that I call ‘a Unified Concept View of Disability’ and the role that such a view plays in debates about the nature of disability. After considering reasons to think that our concept of disability is not unified in the way that the Unified Concept View assumes, I outline what a non-unified approach to disability might look like. The paper concludes by considering implications of rejecting the Unified Concept View of disability.
Research on reduction of residual stress in girth welds of large-diameter natural gas pipes by ultrasonic
Authors: Li Yukun , Wang Longsheng , Zhao Shangxin , Chang Jinglong , Shen Ke , Wang Shanyao , Cao Xiaojian , Wang Yixuan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Excessive residual stress of the girth weld in pipes will directly damage the pipe strength during its operation. Accurate measurement and effective reduction of the residual stress can ensure the safety of natural gas pipes during their service. In this paper, an X80-type large-diameter natural gas pipe section with girth welds is taken as the research object. The coercive force method is used to characterize the residual stress of the girth weld and its surroundings, and then the distribution law of the residual stress of the girth weld and its surroundings is obtained based on the measurement results of the Blind-hole method; the ultrasonic impact method was used to reduce the girth weld residual stress, and the effect of the ultrasonic impact method on the residual stress reduction was studied by comparing changes of the distribution characteristics of the coercive force in the girth weld and its surroundings before and after the residual stress reduction in the natural gas pipes. Lastly, the in-situ test specimen is made to carry out the uniaxial tensile test so as to study the effect of the ultrasonic impact method on the tensile mechanical properties of pipe welds. This study clarifies the influence law of the ultrasonic impact on the mechanical properties of weld toe materials, and provided technical theoretical guidance for the reduction of field residual stress in natural gas pipes.
SARS-CoV-2 Screening Testing Programs for Safe In-person Learning in K–12 Schools
Authors: Kalu Ibukunoluwa C , Zimmerman Kanecia O , Goldman Jennifer L , Keener Mast Dana , Blakemore Ashley M , Moorthy Ganga , Boutzoukas Angelique E , Campbell Melissa M , Uthappa Diya , DeLaRosa Jesse , Potts Jessica M , Edwards Laura J , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Benjamin Daniel K , Mann Tara K , Schuster Jennifer E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening testing is a recommended mitigation strategy for schools, although few descriptions of program implementation are available.MethodsKindergarten through 12th grade (K–12) students and staff practicing universal masking during the delta and omicron variant waves from five schools in Durham, North Carolina and eight schools in Kansas City, Missouri participated; Durham’s program was structured as a public health initiative facilitated by school staff, and Kansas City’s as a research study facilitated by a research team. Tests included school-based rapid antigen or polymerase chain reaction testing, at-home rapid antigen testing, and off-site nucleic acid amplification testing.ResultsWe performed nearly 5700 screening tests on more than 1600 K–12 school students and staff members. The total cost for the Durham testing program in 5 public charter K–12 schools, each with 500–1000 students, was $246 587 and approximately 752 h per semester; cost per test was $70 and cost per positive result was $7076. The total cost for the Kansas City program in eight public K–12 schools was $292 591 and required approximately 537 h in personnel time for school-based testing; cost per test was $132 and cost per positive result was $4818. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were generally lower (0–16.16%) than rates in the community (2.7–36.47%) throughout all testing weeks.Conclusions and RelevanceVoluntary screening testing programs in K–12 schools are costly and rarely detect asymptomatic positive persons, particularly in universally masked settings.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT04831866.
Testing modified gravity scenarios with direct peculiar velocities
Authors: Lyall Stuart , Blake Chris , Turner Ryan , Ruggeri Rossana , Winther Hans 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The theoretical basis of dark energy remains unknown and could signify a need to modify the laws of gravity on cosmological scales. In this study, we investigate how the clustering and motions of galaxies can be used as probes of modified gravity theories, using galaxy and direct peculiar velocity auto- and cross-correlation functions. We measure and fit these correlation functions in simulations of ΛCDM, DGP, and f(R) cosmologies and, by extracting the characteristic parameters of each model, we show that these theories can be distinguished from General Relativity (GR) using these measurements. We present forecasts showing that with sufficiently large data samples, this analysis technique is a competitive probe that can help place limits on allowed deviations from GR. For example, a peculiar velocity survey reaching to z = 0.5 with $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ distance accuracy would constrain model parameters to 3-σ confidence limits log10|fR0| &lt; −6.45 for f(R) gravity and $r_\mathrm{ c} \gt 2.88 \, \mathrm{ c}/H_0$ for nDGP, assuming a fiducial GR model.
Can ultralight dark matter explain the age–velocity dispersion relation of the Milky Way disc: A revised and improved treatment
Authors: Chiang Barry T , Ostriker Jeremiah P , Schive Hsi-Yu 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Ultralight axion-like particles ma ∼ 10−22 eV, or Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM), behave comparably to cold dark matter (CDM) on cosmological scales and exhibit a kpc-size de Broglie wavelength capable of alleviating established (sub-)galactic-scale problems of CDM. Substructures inside an FDM halo incur gravitational potential perturbations, resulting in stellar heating sufficient to account for the Galactic disc thickening over a Hubble time, as first demonstrated by Church et al. We present a more sophisticated treatment that incorporates the full baryon and dark matter distributions of the Milky Way and adopts stellar disc kinematics inferred from recent Gaia, APOGEE, and LAMOST surveys. Ubiquitous density granulation and subhalo passages, respectively, drive inner disc thickening and flaring of the outer disc, resulting in an observationally consistent ‘U-shaped’ disc vertical velocity dispersion profile with the global minimum located near the solar radius. The observed age–velocity dispersion relation in the solar vicinity can be explained by the FDM-substructure-induced heating and places an exclusion bound ma ≳ 0.4 × 10−22 eV. We assess non-trivial uncertainties in the empirical core–halo relation, FDM subhalo mass function and tidal stripping, and stellar heating estimate. The mass range ma ≃ 0.5–0.7 × 10−22 eV favoured by the observed thick disc kinematics is in tension with several exclusion bounds inferred from dwarf density profiles, stellar streams, and Milky Way satellite populations, which could be significantly relaxed due to the aforesaid uncertainties. Additionally, strongly anisotropic heating could help explain the formation of ultra-thin disc galaxies.
A search for transit timing variations within the exomoon corridor using Kepler data
Authors: Kipping David , Yahalomi Daniel A 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
An exomoon will produce transit timing variations (TTVs) upon the parent planet and their undersampled nature causes half of such TTVs to manifest within a frequency range of two to four cycles, irrespective of exomoon demographics. Here, we search through published Kepler TTV data for such signals, applying a battery of significance and robustness checks, plus independent light-curve analyses for candidate signals. Using the original transit times, we identify 11 (ostensibly) single-planets with a robust, significant and fast (PTTV &lt; 4 cycles) TTV signal. However, of these, only five are recovered in an independent analysis of the original photometry, underscoring the importance of such checks. The surviving signals are subjected to an additional trifecta of statistical tests to ensure signal significance, predictive capability and consistency with an exomoon. KOI-3678.01, previously validated as Kepler-1513b, is the only case that passes every test, exhibiting a highly significant (&gt;20σ) TTV signal with a periodicity, amplitude and shape consistent with that caused by an exomoon. Our analysis finds that this planet is $8.2_{-0.5}^{+0.7}$ R⊕ orbiting at $0.53_{-0.03}^{+0.04}$ au around a late G-type dwarf. After forecasting the planetary mass, we expect it to be capable of maintaining at least a 0.3 M⊕ exomoon for 5 Gyr, and the TTV signal corresponds to a moon mass as low as 0.75 Lunar masses. We thus encourage follow-up observations and dynamical analysis of this unique signal, but caution skepticism until such data can be obtained.
Observational signatures of galactic turbulent dynamos
Authors: Carteret Yann , Bendre Abhijit B , Schober Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTWe analyse the observational signatures of galactic magnetic fields that are self-consistently generated in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the interstellar medium through turbulence driven by supernova (SN) explosions and differential rotation. In particular, we study the time evolution of the Faraday rotation measure (RM), synchrotron radiation, and Stokes parameters by characterizing the typical structures formed in the plane of observation. We do this by defining two distinct models for both thermal and cosmic ray (CR) electron distributions. Our results indicate that the maps of RM have structures that are sheared and rendered anisotropically by differential rotation and that they depend on the choice of the thermal electron model as well as the SN rate. Synchrotron maps are qualitatively similar to the maps of the mean magnetic field along the line of sight and structures are only marginally affected by the CR model. Stokes parameters and related quantities, such as the degree of linear polarization, are highly dependent on both frequency and resolution of the observation.
Analytic modelling of binary-single encounters: non-thermal eccentricity distribution and gravitational-wave source formation
Authors: Ginat Yonadav Barry , Perets Hagai B 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Chaotic three-body interactions may lead to the formation of gravitational-wave sources. Here, by modelling the encounter as a series of close non-hierarchical triple approaches, interspersed with hierarchical phases, in which the system consists of an inner binary and a star that orbits it, we compute the pericentre probability distribution, and thereby the in-spiral probability in any given binary-single encounter. We then consider the indirect influence of binary-single encounters on the population of gravitational-wave sources, by changing the eccentricity distribution of hard binaries in clusters; we calculate this distribution analytically, by requiring that it be invariant under interactions with single stars.
Phosphorylation of the smooth muscle master splicing regulator RBPMS regulates its splicing activity
Authors: Barnhart Michael D , Yang Yi , Nakagaki-Silva Erick E , Hammond Thomas H , Pizzinga Mariavittoria , Gooding Clare , Stott Katherine , Smith Christopher W J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We previously identified RBPMS as a master regulator of alternative splicing in differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). RBPMS is transcriptionally downregulated during SMC dedifferentiation, but we hypothesized that RBPMS protein activity might be acutely downregulated by post-translational modifications. Publicly available phosphoproteomic datasets reveal that Thr113 and Thr118 immediately adjacent to the RRM domain are commonly both phosphorylated. An RBPMS T113/118 phosphomimetic T/E mutant showed decreased splicing regulatory activity both in transfected cells and in a cell-free in vitro assay, while a non-phosphorylatable T/A mutant retained full activity. Loss of splicing activity was associated with a modest reduction in RNA affinity but significantly reduced RNA binding in nuclear extract. A lower degree of oligomerization of the T/E mutant might cause lower avidity of multivalent RNA binding. However, NMR analysis also revealed that the T113/118E peptide acts as an RNA mimic which can loop back and antagonize RNA-binding by the RRM domain. Finally, we identified ERK2 as the most likely kinase responsible for phosphorylation at Thr113 and Thr118. Collectively, our data identify a potential mechanism for rapid modulation of the SMC splicing program in response to external signals during the vascular injury response and atherogenesis.
Progress in research on the role of clinical nutrition in treating traumatic brain injury affecting the neurovascular unit
Authors: Lai Jin-Qing , Chen Xiang-Rong , Lin Shu , Chen Chun-Nuan , Zheng Xuan-Xuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. NVU dysfunction involves the processes of neuroinflammation, and microcirculatory disturbances, as well as neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traditional anti-inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of TBI. Thus, treatments that target NVU dysfunction may provide a breakthrough. A large number of clinical studies have shown that the nutritional status of patients with TBI was closely related to their conditions and prognoses. Nutrient complexes and complementary therapies for the treatment of TBI are therefore being implemented in many preclinical studies. Importantly, the mechanism of action for this treatment may be related to repair of NVU dysfunction by ensuring adequate omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, vitamins, and minerals. These nutritional supplements hold promise for translation to clinical therapy. In addition, dietary habits also play an important role in the rehabilitation of TBI. Poor dietary habits may worsen the pathology and prognosis of TBI. Adjusting dietary habits, especially with a ketogenic diet, may improve outcomes in patients with TBI. This article discusses the impact of clinical nutrition on NVU dysfunction after TBI, focusing on nutritional complexes and dietary habits.