bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do international humanitarian aid workers stay healthy in the face of adversity?
Authors: De Jong Kaz , Martinmäki Saara , Brake Hans Te , Kleber Rolf , Haagen Joris , Komproe Ivan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundInternational humanitarian aid workers (iHAWs) are motivated strongly to travel abroad to help communities affected by war, famine, disaster and disease. They expose themselves to dangers and hardships during their field assignments. Despite working under such challenging circumstances, most workers remain healthy. The objective of the present study was to unravel the mechanism that enables workers to remain healthy under the same circumstances that affect these communities. We hypothesised that the different components of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) health mechanism mediate the relationship between field stressors and post-assignment health.Methods and findingsThe stress-health model was tested among 465 international aid workers using a longitudinal pre-post assignment study design and structural equation modelling for path analyses. The (health) outcome variables were PTSD, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement. Our findings highlight the importance of being healthy before aid assignment and the negative health impact of field stressors that were not potentially traumatic. The SOC components mediated the relationship between field stress and post-assignment health, with males and females using different SOC components to alleviate stress. Males are more likely trying to understand the nature of the stressor, whereas females mobilise their resources to manage stressors. In both groups, a high level of meaningfulness of the work was an important component in maintaining health. Regarding using the SOC concept for understanding the process of maintaining health, our findings indicated that SOC is best considered context-specific and multidimensional.ConclusionIn addition to good pre-mission health, the SOC components help prevent field assignment-related negative health effects in iHAWs. Our findings support the idea to compose gender-balanced teams of iHAWs to maintain and promote health. The findings can be used to develop or refine health conversation tools and SOC based health interventions to promote health and wellbeing and prevent ill-health among aid workers and other stress-exposed populations.
Offset nail fixation for intertrochanteric fractures improves reduction and lag screw position
Authors: Matsubara Takehiro , Soma Kazuhito , Yamada Ikufumi , Fujita Hiroshi , Yoshitani Junya , Oka Hiroyuki , Okada Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: November 2022

Background
Surgery for intertrochanteric fractures using intramedullary hip nails (IHNs) is among the most common surgical procedures in the orthopedic field. Although IHNs provide good overall outcomes, they sometimes cause complications, such as loss of reduction and cut-out. Here, we investigated the usefulness of IHNs with an anterior offset (Best Fit Nail® [BFN]) in maintaining fragment reduction and ensuring proper lag screw position compared with conventional non-offset nails (Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation® [PFNA]), using postoperative computed tomography (CT).

Methods
Fifty consecutive patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent surgery with BFNs (BFN group) and 50 patients who underwent surgery with PFNAs (PFNA group) were retrospectively analyzed. Indices evaluated by postoperative CT were displacement distance of proximal fragment relative to distal fragment, reduction status (intramedullary, anatomical, and extramedullary types), lag screw direction, and angle between lag screw and femoral neck axis (deviation angle).

Results
Median [interquartile range] displacement distance was significantly smaller in the BFN group (0 [0, 0] mm) compared with the PFNA group (5.2 [3.6, 7.1] mm) (p<0.001). Reduction status was significantly better in the BFN group (anatomical type, 40 cases; intramedullary type, in 9 cases, and extramedullary type in 1 case) than in the PFNA group (anatomical type, 6 cases; intramedullary type, 43 cases; extramedullary type, 1 case) (p<0.001). Deviation of lag screw direction was observed in significantly fewer cases in the BFN group (20 cases; 40%) compared with the PFNA group (36 cases; 72%). Lag screw deviation angle was significantly smaller in the BFN group (−0.71°±4.0°) compared with the PFNA group (6.9°±7.1°). No adverse events related to surgery were observed in either group.

Conclusions
Intertrochanteric fracture surgery using offset BFNs exhibited significantly smaller displacement distance, better reduction status, and higher frequency of no deviation with central lag screw position, compared with surgery using non-offset PFNAs.
Risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan university students: A pilot study exploring the role of adverse childhood experiences, substance use history, and family environment
Authors: Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Muwanguzi Moses , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Nduhuura Elicana , Kajjimu Jonathan , Mamun Mohammed A. , Arinaitwe Innocent , Ashaba Scholastic , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: November 2022

Background
University students are known to have risky sexual behaviours (RSBs). The severity of the RSB is influenced by many factors, including the family environment, exposure to adverse childhood events (ACEs), and the use of addictive substances. However, there is limited information about the influence of ACEs and the family environment of these students in low-and medium-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, a pilot study was conducted among university students from a LMIC, Uganda.

Methods
The present study comprised a cross-sectional online survey among Ugandan students at a public university (N = 316; 75% male; 52.2% aged between 18–22 years). The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic information, family environmental information, the Sexual Risk Survey (SRS), and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ).

Results
Over half (53.8%) reported having had sexual intercourse. Males reported over two times higher mean total SRS score compared to females (χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.044). Approximately one-sixth of the sample had drunk alcohol or used illicit psychoactive substances in the past six months (16.1%). Among four regression analysis models, sociodemographic variables predicted the highest variance (13%), followed by family environment variables (10%), and both psychoactive substance use history (past six months) and ACEs individually explained approximately 5% variance in total SRS score, with the final model predicting 33% of the variance in RSB.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated a gender disparity with males involved in more RSB than females, as has been reported in most previous RSB studies. Family environment, sociodemographic factors, substance use, and ACEs all appear to contribute to RSB among university students. These findings will benefit other researchers exploring factors associated with RSB among university students and will help develop interventions to reduce RSB to protect students from unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS.
Incidence, subtypes, sex differences and trends of stroke in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Chung-Fen , Wang Ya-Hui , Teng Nai-Chi , Yip Ping-Keung , Chen Li-Kwang 
Published: November 2022

Background
Chinese populations have been reported higher incidence of all strokes and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, few large-scale studies have evaluated changes of stroke epidemiology in the 21st century.

Methods
We explored the rates of incidence of all first-ever strokes, subtypes, and 1-month case fatality by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database since 2004. Also, we investigated sex differences in stroke. Time-trend analysis was performed for incidence and case fatality rates of all strokes and subtypes in both sexes.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence of all strokes per 100,000 person-years decreased by 16%, from 251 (95% confidence interval [CI] 249–253) in 2004 to 210 (95% CI 209–212) in 2011 (p<0.001); it was always higher in Chinese men than in women. Among pathological subtypes, the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage markedly decreased by 26% over the years (p<0.001), while that of ischemic stroke slightly decreased by 8%. However, when stratified by sex, the incidence of ischemic stroke decreased significantly in only women, not in men (men: p = 0.399, women: p = 0.004). Regarding the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it remained unchanged. Furthermore, the rate of 1-month case fatality decreased significantly for all strokes in both sexes (p<0.001).

Conclusions
In Taiwan, the incidence rate of first-ever stroke decreased in both Chinese men and women in the early 21st century. Men had a higher incidence rate than women. Furthermore, a marked decrease was noted in the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage, while a slight decrease was noted in that of ischemic stroke; however, the decreased incidence of ischemic stroke was significant in only women.
Starry
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Hu Huiqi , Zhou Xuan , Wang Jiang 
Published: November 2022

Multi-master architecture is desirable for cloud databases in supporting large-scale transaction processing. To enable concurrent transaction execution on multiple computing nodes, we need an efficient transaction commit protocol on the storage layer that ensures ACID as well as consensus among replicas. A leader-based protocol is easy to implement. However, it faces the single-node bottleneck and suffers from high transaction latency in cross-region deployment. While a leaderless protocol can achieve a higher degree of parallelism, it is inefficient in resolving conflicts.
This paper proposes the semi-leader protocol, which is a new type of transaction commit protocol for multi-master transaction processing. In a nutshell, the semi-leader protocol is a hybrid protocol that offers separate commit paths for conflicting transactions and non-conflicting transactions. A centralized node, known as the sequencer, is employed to perform precise conflict resolution for conflicting transactions, while non-conflicting transactions can be committed timely in a decentralized manner. Based on the semi-leader protocol, we designed Starry, a multi-master transaction processing mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that Starry is 1.4× and 4.21× as performant as the leaderless and leader-based protocols respectively in throughput. When dealing with high-contention workloads, Starry can significantly reduce the abort rates.
Integrated design of ranging and DOR signal for China's deep space navigation
Authors: Xu Dezhen , Huang Lei , Chen Shaowu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An integrated ranging and differential one-way range (DOR) signal design is implemented. The design utilizes the regenerative pseudo-noise ranging scheme and one pair of dedicated DOR tones for the deep space United X Band system. To demonstrate its effectiveness, it was applied to China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter and compared with the classic and normal designs. Using the link budget and error analysis methods, the measurement accuracy and communication ability were assessed. Results show that the novel design achieves better performance compared with that of the classic and normal designs. In the applied case, the power efficiency improved by

>
30
%

\gt 30 \%

, two-way ranging precision improved from 0.50 to 0.09 m, and the two-way Doppler precision improved by 20% compared with those of the classic one. In addition, the spacecraft thermal noise during Delta-DOR measurements was slightly reduced. Owing to the higher downlink residual carrier, the supported telemetry data rate increased by 50%. Compared with the normal one, a higher downlink residual carrier (by 0.35 dB) was achieved by the novel design and resulted in slightly better ranging and Doppler accuracies. The novel design has a good technical foundation and is expected to be adopted in China’s future lunar and deep space explorations.
Wisdom in Gorgias’Encomium of Helen
Authors: Ariza Sergio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that theEncomium of Helenmust be seen as a speech about the value and importance of wisdom in human life and not as much as one as aboutlogos. Gorgias sustains his vision based on a certain intellectualism which reduces moral faults to intellectual errors. This intellectualist program comprises a rationalization of emotions and a commitment with a certain tradition that discriminates between a minority with knowledge and a majority with only opinion. The consequence for Helen is that she can be excused from her action at the expense of being reproached for her lack of wisdom and is thus relegated to the ignorant majority. Therefore, what is initially praise and an apology turns into severe blame. For this, I argue, the encomium can be qualified as an amusement (paignion). For theEncomium’s listeners the amusement becomes a challenge that demands they decipher the speech’s paradoxical character and appeal to their own wisdom to not be reproached like Helen. Thus theEncomiumcannot be seen as a treaty nor as mere joke but rather as an intellectualagônbetween the speech and the listener, which serves them “to arm the soul for contests of excellence”, as the epigram dedicated to Gorgias in Delfos says.
Lampito in Aristophanes’ Lysistrata and the Reasons of a Choice
Authors: Paradiso Annalisa 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis paper argues that Lampito, the Spartan character who takes part in the pacifist plot of Aristophanes’Lysistrata(411 BC), has been inspired by both parents of Agis II, the king of Sparta who led the war against Athens at the time of the Peloponnesian War and fortified Deceleia in 413 BC. Agis’ mother bore the quite rare name of Lampito as well; his father, the ‘pacifist’ King Archidamos II, voted against the war at the Spartan Assembly in 432. Aristophanes knew of Archidamos’ speech from oral tradition, possibly from the report of the Athenian ambassadors at Sparta or, alternatively and more probably, from public readings of Thucydides’ account of the pre-war debate that took place in the Spartan Assembly.
On the Road Again. Hadrians Reise von Ägypten nach Athen (131) im Lichte neuer Quellenfunde
Authors: Begass Christoph 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungObschon Hadrians Reisen immer die Aufmerksamkeit der Forschung auf sich gezogen haben, machen neue Quellenfunde eine neue, gründliche Untersuchung der kaiserlichen Route, aber auch von Hadrians Absichten und Ziele nötig; auch die Reaktionen der Provinzialen erscheinen so in neuem Licht. Zunächst werden Kriterien für einen persönlichen Besuch des Kaisers in den Provinzen erarbeitet, um vor diesem Hintergrund neugefundene Inschriften und Münzen in den historischen Kontext einzuordnen. Im Folgenden wird die Route, die der kaiserliche Tross 131 von Ägypten über Syrien und das westliche Kleinasien nach Nordgriechenland genommen hat, diskutiert; in diesem Zusammenhang ist die Gründung des Antinoos-Kultes ebenso von besonderer Bedeutung wie die Frage nach den Gründen von Hadrians Beliebtheit unter den Provinzialen. Obschon dieser Teil der Reise bisher als besonders schlecht dokumentiert galt, schließt sich nun die Lücke zwischen dem bekannten Besuch des Kaisers in Ägypten und seinem letzten Aufenthalt in Athen.
Imperialism and Social Engineering: Augustan Social Legislation in the Gnomon of theIdios Logos
Authors: Dolganov Anna 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis article examines the aims and impact of Augustan social legislation from the perspective of documentary evidence from Roman Egypt. The extensive presence of the laws in an epitome of an Augustan rulebook for a fiscal procurator in Egypt (the so-called Gnomon of theIdios Logos, BGU V 1210, P. Oxy. XLII 3014), where their application extends to citizens of Greek cities, speaks for the Augustan marriage and manumission laws being part of a broader vision of social order in the Roman empire.
Preoperative Hospitalist Telehealth Visits for Medically Complex Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Goldner Hayley , Barfchin Sahar , Fingado Emily K. , Loiselle Claire , Rappaport David I. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, telehealth has emerged as an alternative to in-person visits. Our children’s hospital’s preoperative program includes a pediatric hospitalist evaluation of medically complex patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Starting in March 2020, patients were offered either in-person or telehealth preoperative visits. Few data exist regarding preoperative telehealth for medically complex children. We sought to assess this program’s practicality and compare clinical characteristics, demographic data, and visit outcome data of patients seen via telehealth versus those seen in person.

METHODS
We retrospectively collected demographic or clinical data, visit characteristics, and visit outcome data of medically complex children scheduled for orthopedic surgery seen April-October 2020. We reviewed the data to compare characteristics of patients seen in person to those seen via telehealth.

RESULTS
We reviewed 68 visits: 34 (50%) telehealth and 34 (50%) in-person. There was no statistically significant difference in telehealth use by primary language, insurance type, underlying medical condition, gross motor function classification system score, or technology dependence. There was no significant difference between the median number of hospitalist recommendations (4 telehealth vs 3 in-person, P = .553) or progression to surgery (32 vs 32, odds ratio 1.000, confidence interval 0.133–7.540) on the basis of visit type.

CONCLUSIONS
A preoperative telehealth program is practical for medically complex children. We found no significant difference in telehealth use between technology-dependent patients and those who are not. Further study of preoperative telehealth visits will hopefully be broader in scope.
Metode Guru PAI Dalam Mengembangkan Sikap Spiritual Dan Sosial Siswa Kelas V SDN 12 Mataram
Authors: SOBRY M. , Fitriani Fitriani 
Published: November 2022

Pengembangan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa sangat perlu dilakukan oleh guru PAI guna membentuk pribadi siswa yang bertawqa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, disiplin dan bertanggungjawab sebagai bekal untuk kehidupan di masa depan, oleh karena itu penggunaan metode yang tepat dapat membantu guru dalam pengembangan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mengetahui metode guru PAI dan faktor pendukung dalam mengembangkan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa kelas V SDN 12 Mataram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Metode guru PAI dalam mengembangkan sikap spiritual siswa kelas V SDN 12 Mataram, adalah melalui metode keteladanan, metode pembiasaan, metode nasehat. 2). Metode guru PAI dalam mengembangkan sikap sosial siswa kelas V SDN 12 Mataram, yaitu melalui metode diskusi kelompok, pola pembiasaan, modeling, kegiatan spontan dan pemberian sanksi atau hukuman,. (3). Faktor pendukung guru PAI dalam mengembangkan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa kelas V SDN 12 Mataram, yaitu peran orang tua yang mendukung dan memotivasi siswa, peran sekolah yang menyediakan fasilitas dan kebijakan-kebijakan untuk membantu mengembangkan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa, peran guru yang selalu menggunakan berbagai cara untuk mengembangkan sikap spiritual dan sosial siswa menjadi lebih baik.
A Design of Bat based Optimized Deep Learning Model for EEG Signal Analysis
Authors: Gupta Varun , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Depression is one of the mental illnesses that negatively affect a person's thinking, action, and feeling. Thus the rate of depression is identified by analyzing Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, but it has the problem of classifying depression rate because of noise. In this paper, a novel Bat-based UNET Signal Analysis (BUSA) framework is designed to organize the depression rate of patients with an EEG dataset. This technique involves preprocessing, feature selection, feature extraction, and classification. After the data training process preprocessing function was activated to remove the noise in the brain signal. Hereafter, the noiseless signal is used for the further process. Here, the fitness of the bat is upgraded in the UNET classification layer. Moreover, the brain signal's feature selection and depression rate were classified using the bat fitness that has helped to gain the desired output. Finally, performance metrics of the proposed BUSA technique are compared with other existing methods regarding the accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and power. In that, the developed framework has attained better results to classify depression rates.
The glycolysis/HIF-1α axis defines the inflammatory role of IL-4-primed 2 macrophages
Authors: Cheng Shih-Chin , Dang Buyun , Zhang Jia , Gao Qingxiang , Zhong Qiumei , Zhang Lishan , Zhu Yanhui , Liu Junqiao , Niu Yujia , Xiao Nengming , Liu Wen-Hsien , Mao Kairui , Lin Shu-hai , Huang Jialiang , Huang Stanley , Ho Ping-Chih 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine-activated M2 macrophages play a major role in inflammation resolution and wound healing. Myriads of studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory feature of M2 macrophages. In the present study, we report that IL-4-primed macrophages respond more robustly to the subsequent LPS stimulation despite maintaining the canonical M2 signature gene expression. The canonical M2 and non-canonical proinflammatory-prone macrophages (M2INF) diverge metabolically after the common IL-4Ra/Stat6 axis. While the Gln/α-KG/Jmjd3 axis is indispensable for M2 differentiation, the glycolysis/Hif-1α axis is critical for IL-4-induced M2INF. The elevated glycolysis sustains Hif-1αstabilization and the pro-inflammatory phenotype of M2INF. Conversely, inhibition of glycolysis blunts Hif-1αaccumulation and M2INF. Macrophages from myeloid-specific Hif-1α KO mice retain M2 differentiation capacity but fail to induce M2INF. Wdr5-dependent H3K4me3 epigenetic modification mediates the long-lasting effect of IL-4 as the knocking down of Wdr5 inhibits M2INF. Moreover, the induction of M2INF by IL-4 intraperitoneal injection and transferring of M2INF provides a survival advantage against bacterial infection in vivo. To conclude, our findings delineate the previously neglected non-canonical role of M2INF. This will broaden our understanding of IL-4-mediated physiological changes and provide immediate impacts on how Th2-skewed infections could re-direct disease progression in response to pathogen infection.