bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Years Policy Innovations Across Canada
Authors: Davidson Adrienne , White Linda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Overall, early years policy in Canada has a mixed record, with some evidence of policy success and some evidence of policy failure. Nonetheless, bright spots within the early years landscape warrant exploration and deserve to be cast as successes in policy development that can either be replicated across other provincial jurisdictions or explored further by national governments. They include the federal Canada Child Benefit (CCB) program, Ontario’s full-day kindergarten (FDK) model, and Québec’s maternity and parental leave program. Complicating the successful implementation of early years policy is the federal nature of Canada. Federal investment in early years programs has waxed and waned over the decades, and has relied primarily on the use of tax instruments and the federal spending power. The bulk of policy action lies with provincial and territorial governments which hold substantive jurisdiction, and which have relied on a mix of policy approaches. As such, this chapter examines early years policy innovations across both orders of government.
Good and Lucky
Authors: Triadafilopoulos Triadafilos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Canadian immigration policy is widely considered successful in terms of policy endurance, process, programs, and politics. Canada’s focus on the recruitment of economic immigrants has been successful in a programmatic sense, while also maintaining the support of key stakeholders, enabling process success, and addressing political debates, enhancing political success. Favouring resettlement over asylum in refugee policy has addressed concerns over the abuse of the immigration system, while maintaining the support of stakeholders that benefit from the policy’s innovative private sponsorship provisions. Effective policy design is, however, only part of the story. Three contingent factors also stand behind Canada’s successful immigration policy. First, Canada’s isolated geography limits flows of asylum seekers and other unwanted immigrants. Second, the substantial power vested in the federal executive branch has enabled Canadian governments to respond to flows of unwanted migrants quickly. Third, the unplanned interaction of immigration settlement patterns, citizenship policy, and Canada’s electoral system has helped sustain a pro-immigration consensus among Canada’s major political parties. The importance of contingent factors in the success of Canadian immigration policy limits its portability. Even where policy design can be imitated, Canada’s reliance on strong executive-led actions to limit unwanted migration raises normative concerns that problematize our understanding of success in immigration policy.
Multiculturalism Policy in Canada
Authors: Banting Keith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The year 2021 represents the 50th anniversary of the adoption of multiculturalism in Canada. Clearly, multiculturalism policy has stood the test of time. However, more than sheer longevity is involved. In programmatic terms, multiculturalism has advanced the goals that animated its introduction in 1971. It has helped to change the terms of integration for immigrant communities, laying to rest ideas of assimilation, and creating space for minorities to maintain and celebrate aspects of their culture and traditions while participating in the mainstream of Canadian life. In addition, multiculturalism has been part of a broad state-led redefinition of national identity, helping to build a more inclusive sense of nationalism. Judged by these original goals, the multiculturalism program has met with considerable success. However, multiculturalism has limits. It has not eliminated racial inequality, and the commitment to diversity seems fragile at times, most recently in the case of Muslims. In addition, multiculturalism has been a conflicted political success. The policy is not embedded in a comprehensive political consensus, and potent political challenges have emerged in the name of social conservatism and Québec nationalism. Nonetheless, the policy has had sufficient political support to survive at the national level for half a century. In effect, multiculturalism is a case of conflicted political success and resilient program success. Moreover, judged by the experience of democratic countries generally, Canadian multiculturalism seems even more successful. Perhaps most importantly, the policy has arguably helped to forestall the type of anti-immigrant backlash we have seen elsewhere.
Phasing Out Coal-Fired Electricity in Ontario
Authors: Winfield Mark S. , Saherwala Abdeali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phase-out of coal-fired electricity production in the Canadian Province of Ontario has been widely described as one of the most significant measures taken by any government in the world to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The phase-out of coal, which in the early 2000s constituted a quarter of the province’s electricity supply, was completed in 2014. The phase-out was associated with dramatic improvements in air quality in the southern part of province. At the same time, Ontario’s approach to the phase-out involved a series of significant environmental, economic, and political trade-offs, the benefits of which continue to be debated, and whose consequences have affected the province’s politics profoundly. The chapter examines the evolution of the role of coal-fired electricity in Ontario, the emergence of the concept of a phase-out, and the factors that contributed to its ultimate implementation. Within McConnell’s (2010) framework for assessing policy outcomes around programmatic results, policy processes, and politics, the chapter concludes that outcomes of the coal phase-out process range from a resilient and political success in terms of the phase-out itself, to a political failure with respect to the McGuinty (2003–2013) and Wynne (2013–2018) governments’ overall handling of electricity policy.
Addressee agreement and clitic raising in Kiunguja Swahili
Authors: Carstens Vicki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractI analyze the plural addressee suffix -eni in Kiunguja Swahili as the head of an AddresseeP. -Eni selects vP, out of which the verb raises to host this suffix. Close inspection provides insights into several aspects of Kiunguja syntax. -Eni routinely co-occurs with a second person singular object marker ku- on the verb despite its plural addressee interpretation. I argue that this mismatch is due to doubling of a conjoined object: [yousing & X]. I provide an analysis in terms of clitic raising of the second singular object pronoun onto the verb. The resulting ku- -eni construction is an apparent violation of the general ban on agreement with singular conjuncts, but not an actual one, since the OM turns out not to be agreement. It is a genuine violation of the Coordinate Structure Constraint, however, which I’ve argued is made possible by the relation Agree (-eni, &P). Eni also encodes the features of a plural addressee of an imperative or exhortative (e.g. ‘Let’s go!’ with plural addressee). The facts motivate an analysis of exhortatives in which addressee features are variable and formally distinct from those of the 1st person speaker, modifying Zanuttini et al (2012).
A morphosyntactic account of agreement in Mara
Authors: Bhattacharya Tanmoy , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter looks at Mara, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the state of Mizoram in Northeast India, across the following paradigms: (i) direct and inverse alignment of agreement affixes; (ii) person-number feature discontinuous split; and (iii) negation affecting inversion. The analysis is based on a morphosyntactic approach towards multiple agreement and is shown to be superior to a purely syntactic one, since such an approach can account for the (default) prefixal as well as suffixal orders of agreement affixes in the language. The system set-up involves syntactic operations of bottom-up Agree cycles from v-to-T, which are conditioned by person-number hierarchy and by the presence of negation. In the morphological component two operations, namely, a relativized sub-φ-structure vocabularization and Flipping, are proposed, which work in tandem with syntax by operating on the Spell-Out structures generated by the Agree cycles syntax and derive the desired orders of affixes.
Object marking in Bantu
Authors: Riedel Kristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe status of object markers in Bantu languages has been the subject of debate since the seminal work of Joan Besnan and Sam Mchombo which treated object markers as nominal elements. Since then, an alternative view has emerged, analysing Bantu object marking as a reflex of agreement. However, much new data has become available in the decade since, including detailed studies of languages like Zulu and Bukusu as well as comparative work. Advances have also been made in describing and analysing related areas of morphosyntax and agreement processes in Bantu languages more generally. This chapter offers a synthesis of this work and its implications on the analysis of object marking in Bantu, concluding in a favour of a general agreement analysis for requiring dislocation with agreement in some Bantu languages
Asymmetric symmetry in Tigrinya object marking
Authors: Overfelt Jason 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that, despite initial appearances, Tigrinya (Ethio-Semitic, Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia; SOV) is an asymmetric object language that employs two distinct ditransitive frames. It is argued that these frames are obscured by a surface ambiguity, but are reliably betrayed by the observed object-marking patterns. This analysis provides a way of understanding some unexpected optionality of object marking in ditransitive constructions. It also correctly predicts that various interpretive and structural asymmetries correlate with the observed object-marking pattern. Object marking in Tigrinya, which shows surface symmetry but deep asymmetry, therefore serves a cautionary role in the classification of languages as either symmetric or asymmetric.
DOM and other object-marking strategies
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina , Roessler Eva-Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent accounts have argued, for a variety of unrelated languages, that more than one case assigner or more than one syntactic licensing operation is needed for certain types of nominals (Brattico 2011, Matushansky 2012, Vainikka and Brattico 2014, Forbes 2020, Oxford 2019, Irimia in press, a.o.). Here we discuss structural aspects of differential objects in a set of genetically unrelated languages from Romance, Indo-Aryan, Tupí-Guaraní, and southwestern Basque, examining their interaction with other object licensing strategies. We propose that the licensing of certain types of differential objects, including those signalled with oblique morphology (oblique DOM), involve the presence of an additional functional projection beyond the regular Case assigner valuing [uCase]. This additional licenser acts in conjunction with the initial Case assigner/licenser on nominals which contain an additional discourse-linking ([person]) feature (related to grammaticalized animacy and specificity), beyond [uCase]. One consequence is that in some of the languages discussed here the initial [uCase] strategy, which might result in object agreement, can surface concomitantly with oblique DOM.
Introduction
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 begins by introducing the puzzle of bank structural reform. In the wake of the global financial crisis, the problem of too-big-to-fail banks proved to be one of the most difficult and divisive to resolve. Unlike most areas of post-crisis banking regulation, there was little attempt to coordinate efforts to address the issue through bank structural reform—namely, restrictions on banks’ ability to engage in higher-risk trading activities through structural separation and/or prohibitions on proprietary trading. The central aim of the book is to understand why six jurisdictions with banking systems that are among the world’s largest pursued such divergent approaches, despite significant political pressures to engage in structural reform. The chapter reviews the important similarities and differences across our six cases—the US, UK, EU, France, Germany, and the Netherlands—to justify our comparative method. Next it summarizes the limitations of existing scholarship in this area as a justification for the book. The chapter then assesses alternative explanations rooted in political economy and political science, concluding that none provides an adequate account of regulatory variation in bank structural reform. The final sections provide a detailed summary of our argument, explain the rationale for the book, and include an overview of the structure.
A Comparative Financial Power Approach
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 develops our theoretical framework. It begins by reviewing explanations in international and comparative political economy, and theories of business power, to explain why they offer an inadequate account of patterns of bank structural reform across advanced economies. To address these limitations, we turn to the literature on interest group lobbying, which points to the importance of the relational context and ‘financial unity’ as key determinants of financial power, and from which we derive our first hypothesis about variation in the stringency of structural reform. This section also draws on theories of interest representation to specify our empirical expectations about cross-national variation, differentiating between ‘competitive’ and ‘cooperative’ forms of financial power. Next, the chapter considers the institutional context of financial power, reviewing theories of agenda setting and venue shifting to derive our second hypothesis about the (de)politicization of banking reform. The final section pulls these insights together by presenting our comparative financial power framework: combining the two explanatory variables—interest group lobbying and venue shifting—to produce a two-by-two typology of different banking reform outcomes: durable, contested, symbolic, and no reform.
Germany
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 considers the structural reform introduced in Germany through the Trennbankengesetz (Bank Separation Law) in 2013, which had little impact on most German banks’ trading activities. This was in spite of commitments made by Chancellor Angela Merkel to tackle the issue of too-big-to-fail in the wake of the crisis, and sustained political pressure from the main opposition Social Democratic Party in the run-up to the September 2013 legislative elections. Our central argument is that the limited ringfencing reforms introduced by the German government can be attributed to cooperative financial power and the absence of venue shifting. Despite the fragmented, multi-tiered structure of the German banking industry, it was nonetheless capable of wielding significant unified collective influence within the policy process. This influence was channelled through multiple centralized associations representing the commercial, cooperative and savings, and regional banking sectors. These associations formed a powerful alliance in opposition to structural reform, bolstered by the support of the politically influential SME sector. Although the government sought to manage the reform agenda through existing committee structures, it could not be entirely insulated from political pressures—hence the largely symbolic reform designed to appease public anger while inflicting minimal economic costs on the sector.
Thermoregulation in Odonata
Authors: Castillo-Pérez Ulises , May Michael L. , Córdoba-Aguilar Alex 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Odonates are prime subjects to study both the mechanisms of thermoregulation and the ecological and evolutionary responses to global climate change. Odonates use behavioral, color, and physiological strategies (e.g. using their subcuticular tracheal air sacs) to modulate internal temperature. These mechanisms can be used simultaneously and have been mainly studied in anisopteran and zygopteran adults and so there is an open niche for investigating such mechanisms in larvae. Although fairly resilient compared to other insects, adult odonates with dark colors and/or narrow thermal limits face local extinction, based on results from multi- and single species studies. Finally, we invite our readers to foster research on the following topics: a) genetics of thermoregulation; b) thermoregulation mechanisms; c) trade-offs between thermoregulation ability and other traits; and d) using odonates in the field to stimulate cultural awareness about the effects of climate on insects.
Odonata trophic ecology
Authors: Arnaud Sentis , Kari Kaunisto , Lenin Chari , André Morrill , Olga Popova , Justin Pomeranz , David Boukal , Nedim Tüzün , Robby Stoks 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Trophic interactions are at the core of several key ecological processes and theories as they determine the flow of material and energy within and across communities and habitats. Odonates provide a rich and diverse taxonomic group with several features (e.g. trophic position, hunting behavior, olfaction) that make them a very interesting biological model for the study of trophic interactions in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Moreover, odonates undergo incomplete metamorphosis with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults, which provides opportunities to investigate ontogenetic diet variation and trophic links between aquatic and terrestrial systems. They are also important predators regulating prey populations and mediating community processes such as trophic cascades. Finally, recent studies on odonates have pioneered whether local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can counterbalance the negative impacts of global change on resource acquisition and fitness. This chapter reviews recent studies investigating the trophic features and role of odonates in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as well as their importance for investigating the impact of global change on trophic ecology, local adaption, and community processes. Many of the insights highlighted in this chapter go beyond odonates and have helped to advance key concepts in trophic ecology.
Odonata assemblages in human-modified landscapes
Authors: Smith Brenda D. , Villalobos-Jiménez Giovanna , Mary Ann C. Perron , Sahlén Göran , Assandri Giacomo , Vilenica Marina , Calvão Lenize Batista , Juen Leandro , Cerini Francesco , Bried Jason T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization can drastically change and limit Odonata species distributions in aquatic and terrestrial environments. These modifications may culminate in extirpations of rare and resident species and homogenization of community composition across space. This chapter reviews how human land use is (re)shaping odonate assemblages and focuses on the impacts from logging, agriculture, and urbanization. Deeper appreciation and analysis of regulatory mechanisms (e.g. vulnerability traits, species interactions, phylogenetic niche conservatism) and background “noise” (e.g. natural heterogeneity, climate change, historical context) will be important in understanding and predicting odonate community responses to ongoing and future landscape alteration.
Madness in the Family
Authors: Kim H. Yumi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Madness in the Family shows how the family was central in providing care and shaping understandings of madness in turn-of-the-twentieth-century Japan. Despite the spread of Japanese psychiatry in the late nineteenth century, the caregiving obligations of families intensified. Without the social welfare policies necessary to make psychiatry accessible to the broader public, the burden of care continued to fall on families, especially women. When women fell ill, they drew on their experiences of the intimacies of kinship to make sense of their mental and emotional afflictions, producing vernacular understandings of madness that resisted popular notions of women’s innate pathologies. Madness in the Family traces how women and families navigated unprecedented and shifting medical, spiritual, legal, and commercial landscapes, from the countryside where fox spirits were said to overtake human minds and cage-like structures confined those considered mentally ill at home, to urban areas where feminized illnesses like hysteria became popularized and the criminal courtroom where female defendants were assessed for menstruation-induced mental abnormalities. Across these diverse sites, women and families produced a distinct set of gendered ideas and practices concerning care, bodies, and illness that would lay the groundwork for the designation of the family from the post–World War II period until today as the most “natural” locus of care for those suffering from mental and emotional afflictions.
Secrecy Comes to the Smithsonian
Authors: Regis Ed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes the origin of the Pacific Project as well as the origin of the Smithsonian Institution. In the fall of 1962, at the height of the Cold War, officers representing the three main military services, the army, the navy, and the air force, arrived at the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington. The officers were from the Deseret Test Center, a new military installation in Fort Douglas, Utah. The chapter describes how these officers outlined a biological survey of various Pacific islands that they wanted to be undertaken. They were not forthcoming with their motives in wanting the survey, but Smithsonian officials volunteered to perform the survey using their own scientists and others to be hired as needed.
Prequels
Authors: Regis Ed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes the discovery of the Pacific and two scientific expeditions of its waters that preceded this one; it also describes the respective accomplishments of the two prequels. The first was the United States South Seas Exploring Expedition, informally known as the “Ex. Ex.” It was also known as “the Wilkes Expedition,” after its commander, Charles Wilkes. The second prequel to the POBSP was the Tanager Expedition of 1923. It was led by Alexander Wetmore, an ornithologist and avian paleontologist who later became secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The South Seas Expedition gathered a total of forty tons of specimens, some of which became part of the earliest collection of artifacts to be put on display in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Members of the Tanager Expedition did a significant amount of ecological restoration work on one of the islands in the Hawaiian chain, Laysan. They also exterminated the island’s rabbits, which had largely denuded Laysan of its once profuse vegetation. The chapter ends by describing the precise areas of the Pacific within which the bulk of the POBSP’s survey work was to be conducted.