bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Emergence Cutworm Control in No-Till Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Silver Queen variety sweet corn was planted 14 May on the University of Delaware farm in Newark, DE. The corn was planted in a fallow field containing various annual grasses and leguminous weeds using a Buffalo1'’ no-till planter. Standard no-till weed control and fertilization practices were followed. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft long on 30 inch centers. Six insecticide treatments, replicated 4 times, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Both the Lorsban 15G and Counter 15G treatments were applied as a “T” band at planting. The Aastar* 15G treatment was banded over the row by hand using a shaker can just after planting. The spray treatments were applied 24 h after planting using a C02 propelled backpack sprayer. Three R and D Sprayer, Inc. HC4 hollow cone nozzles were mounted on a 30 inch hand held boom and delivered a total of 26.4 gal per acre at 40 psi in a uniform spray swath. Steel barriers 6 ft x 6 ft x 6 inches high were placed in the approximate center of each plot at the 2-3 leaf stage. Each barrier enclosed two rows and was sunk into the ground 1 inch to prevent subsurface escape of cutworms. Each barrier also had a 1 inch horizontal lip attached along the inside top to deter escape of the cutworms. On 5 Jun 40 cutworms were released in each barrier. Twenty worms were placed along the outside of the two rows. A furrow Vt inch wide and Vi inch deep was dug between the 2 rows and 20 cutworms were placed in it and covered lightly with soil. Cut plant counts were taken on 5 (prerelease), 6, 10, and 13 Jun. During each observation, cut plants were marked with smaller mixer straws. For consistency, a marked plant was still considered cut even though it recovered in later observations.
Systemic Insecticide Trial, 1986
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul , Yocum John O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted 29 Apr in a Hagerstown silt loam soil at Landisville, Lancaster County, PA. Plant spacing was 9 inches with 34 inches between rows. Plots were 6 rows x 20 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of in-furrow applications of Temik 15G, Furadan 15G, Thimet 20G, or Oxamyl 15G, each applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre. Additional treatments consisted of: Temik at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied in-furrow (IF) plus 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress at plant emergence (EM); and Temik at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress only (EM). Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was sampled weekly on 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. Damage index was assigned on a scale of: (1) 0-5% leaf loss to (5) &gt; 75% leaf loss. On 29 Jul the entire field was sprayed with Pydrin 2.4EC (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) to reduce CPB pressure. Two rows per plot were harvested on 16 Sep and graded by size.
Potato Insect Control, 1985
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig S. , Voss Robert Hurley , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 9 May in So. Deerfield, MA. Fertilizer (700 lb. 10N:10P2O3:10K2O/acre) was broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. An additional 700 lb/acre was side dressed on 26 Jun. Soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.3. The land was rotated from corn and no other potato crops were planted within 0.5 miles. Hence, Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pressure was moderate. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows with a 3-ft fallow area between each plot. Treatments were applied with C02 pressurized sprayers at 40 psi with a delivery rate of ca. 65 gal/acre. Applications were made on 3, 11 and 17 Jul. In one treatment, Alsystin 4F at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 3 and 11 Jul, and on 17 Jul, Alsystin 4F at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre plus Monitor 4 at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied. CPB densities were assessed on 3 Jul and 4-5 days after treatment by counting adults and larvae on 10 primary stalks in each plot. Green peach aphids (GPA) were sampled on 29 Jul by counting those found on 10 terminal leaflets from lower leaves. Predators were assessed on 29 Jul by counting individual larvae, pupae and adults per 10 stalks. Coleomegilla maculata was the dominant predator species. Because densities of individual species were not high, predator numbers were pooled. Each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale from 1 (0-20%) to 5 (80-100%). Potato leafhopper (PLH) damage was assessed by ranking damage from 1 (no damage) to 3 (severe). Due to their clumped distribution, CPB and GPA counts were transformed by log(x = 1); means reported here are back transformed. No effects from blocking were observed for CPB.
Irrigation Applied Insecticide for Control of Green Peach Aphid and Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1986
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Johnston Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 1 May in Purdam silt loam at the University of Idaho, Research & Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. The plots were 2 contiguous 80-ft diameter circles (0.2 acre). Five treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Three inch hook-and-latch pipe with 1/8 inch nozzles were solid-set in a 4-line design. Injection time was 20 min. Water was applied at the rate of 0.2 inch/h with a PTO-driven pump. Insect populations were sampled pre-treatment and 1, 3 and 7 days post-treatment by counting the number of aphids per 25 leaves and beetles per 10 ft of row.
Aerial Applications of Insecticides for Control of Stink Bugs on Processing Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Hoffmann Michael P. , Zalom Frank G. , Wilson L. Ted 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aerial applications were made to a commerical planting of processing tomatoes located near Woodland, CA. Each treatment was applied with a Grumman Ag-Cat (Model G164B) at 10 gal/acre and 25 psi on 15 Sep. Unreplicated treatments were 42 ft wide (8 beds wide) by approximately 800 ft long and separated by a 38 ft unsprayed buffer. On each of 12 6.5 ft long areas of tomato bed per treatment all plants were cut off at ground level and shaken onto a drop cloth. The number of bugs on the drop cloth and the number found within the top 1-2 inches of soil were recorded from bed number 4 and bed number 5 on 12 Sep (pretreatment) and 19 Sep (post-treatment), respectively. Sample areas in rows were separated by approximately 45 ft. Unreplicated data are presented as proportional changes from pre- to post-treatments.
Turnip Leaf and Flea Beetle Control in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Story R. N. , Lye B. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, St. Gabriel, LA and the Burden Research Plantation, Baton Rouge, LA. Turnip seed was planted on 38-inch rows on 10 Jan (St. Gabriel) and 23 Jan (Burden) and thinned to a 6-inch spacing between plants. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held C02 pressurized sprayer delivering 40 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single hollow cone spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. One pesticide (Tomato Vegetable Dust) was in a dust formulation and was applied from the original container which was designed to be used as a duster. Plants were lightly dusted with the pesticide. Treatments were applied on 10, 17, and 25 Apr at St. Gabriel and on 15 Apr and 5 May at Burden. Insect population counts were made on 11, 21, and 29 Apr at St. Gabriel and 23 Apr and 9 May at Burden. Beetle counts were made with a white 6 x 6 in square plexiglass pan (2 inches deep). The pan was placed under the turnip leaves and the leaves beaten against the pan to knock flea beetles and leaf beetles off the leaves and into the pan. Five samples were taken in each replication on each date.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Montana, 1986
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in a 5-yr-old stand of alfalfa in Gallatin Co., MT. Treatments were applied on 19 Jun in 20 by 8-ft plots with 3 replications in a completely randomized design. A C02 pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre was used. Alfalfa was 24 inches high and at 1/10 bloom at treatment.
Phid Control on Alfalfa Hay, 1986
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfalfa hay near Kimberly, Idaho was treated 23 Sep to test selected rates of Lorsban for aphid control. Each rate and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plot were 25 ft × 25 ft and the hay had ca. 4 inches of new growth after the third cutting. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzles at 30 psi and 50 gal finished spray per acre. Aphids were sampled by taking 10 90° sweeps per plot with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Black Cutworm Control, 1986
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Filson David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two studies were conducted on Hagerstown silt loam soils during 1186 to evaluate the efficacy of 4 insecticides as rescue treatments for BCW. One study was initiated near Belleville, PA, on 4 Jun. The other study was established near Bellefonte, PA, on 7 Jun. At both locations, a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment was used. Applications were directed over the row in a 7-inch band using a backpack spray system adjusted to 30 psi and delivering 26 gal/acre through flat fan nozzles (LFH 80°). Each plot was 25 ft long and 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing). Corn plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage (6 to 8 inch) at the time insecticide applications were made. No measurable rainfall was recorded within 5 days of the treatment applications. At the Bellefonte location a light rain fell within 24 h after the insecticide treatments were applied. Pretreatment infestation counts were taken immediately before the insecticides were applied. Posttreatment counts were taken at Bellefonte, PA, 3 and 5 days after the insecticide applications were made. At Belleville, PA, posttreatment assessments were made 3 and 6 days after the insecticides were applied. On each date, the number of total corn plants and number of cut plants per 50 ft of row (two center rows of plot) were recorded.
Field Corn, Pre-Emergence Treatments for Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1986
Authors: Fletcher Michael G. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six granular insecticides were evaluated in Washington Co, VA, for control of the northern and western corn rootworm in conventional-till field corn when applied as a preemergence treatment at planting. Pioneer 3147 field corn was planted conventional-till in 32 inch rows on 28 Apr. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. The insecticides were applied with a hand held granular applicator over the tops of the rows. The insecticides were applied 28 Apr, at planting. One application was made over each row to assure uniform coverage. The corn rootworm damage per plot was estimated by digging and washing the roots and rating the amount of damage (from 1 to 6) for 10 plants taken from the 2 center rows of each plot on 29 Jul. Yield data was collected for ensilage by whole stalk harvest, of 40 row ft from the 2 center rows on 14 Sep. Damage and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Control of Western Bean Cutworm in Field Corn In Southwest Nebraska, 1985
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn test plots were each ca. 30 acres grown under center pivot irrigation. Treatments were applied by a Cessna 188 Husky with a 44 ft wingspan. The spray boom was equipped with D-1245 nozzles calibrated to deliver 2 gal water per acre at 28 psi at 120 mph. Test 1 treatments were applied 24 Jul. Test 2 treatments were applied 1 Aug. Efficacy was determined by comparing the no. of plants infested with WBC larvae before treatment to the no. of infested plants after treatment (larvae in the ear tips).
Western Corn Rootworm Planting-Time Treatments, Akron, Colorado, 1986
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granule treatments were applied 1 May with tractor-mounted modified Noble electric granule meters through 7-inch spreaders. In-furrow treatments were accomplished by removing the spreader and directing the drop tube into the furrow. Liquids were applied in a 7-inch band over the row with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.5 gpa at 30 psi through a single 8003 flat fan nozzle. Plots were single 50-ft rows arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Damage was evaluated on 15 Jul by rating 5 consecutive root systems per plot on the Iowa 1-6 scale. Soil type was a Platner Silt Loam with 1.8% organic matter and 8.5 pH. The field was planted to corn in 1984 and 1985 and treated with Counter 15C in 1985.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was planted on 15 Apr near Georgetown, DE. Four-row plots 17.5 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shake in a 7 inch band over the whorl. Foliar treatments were applied with a bicycle design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 50 gal per acre at 40 psi on 11 Jun. Ten plant whorls were removed from each plot, unrolled, and the number of infested plants were counted.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thurengiensis and Some Organophosphorus Compounds for Heliothis SPP. Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight treatments were tested for relative efficacy against Heliothis spp. larvae in nonirrigated cotton planted 19 May and thinned to ca. 20,500 plants/acre. Plots 8 rows (38 inch centers) by 50 ft long, separated by 15 ft plowed alleys and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications, were located at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Insecticides were applied to 8 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system and 3 TX-3 nozzles/row with 15 inch drops between rows. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 4 mph and 38 psi. Plots within a replication were sprayed consecutively with the boom being rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatment dates were 24 and 31 Jul, and 14-15 Aug. All plots received additional applications of insecticide for control of early season thrips, boll weevil and aphids. Heliothis spp. larvae were counted by whole plant search of 10 plants in each plot.
Control of Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers and Green Cloverworms on Soybeans in Alabama, 1986
Authors: Mack T. P. , Spurgeon D. W. , Backman C. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans grown in a Vaiden soil at the Marion Junction Substation of Auburn University. Eight treatments and a control were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.014-acre plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Treatments were applied on 12 Aug with a backpack sprayer equipped with 3 TX3 nozzles per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 4.6 gal/acre, Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Two samples from each plot were taken prior to treatment application (20 Aug) and 3 samples from each plot were taken at 2 and 9 days postspray (22 and 29 Aug).
Aphid Control on Spring Wheat with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Owens’ wheat was planted on 23 Apr at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID in a furrow-irrigated field. Plots were 12 ft by 6 ft in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. A 4 ft untreated border was between plots and 6 ft of fallow ground separated blocks. All treatments were applied using a CO pressurized hand sprayer delivering 38 gal water/acre at 35 psi. Capture 2EC at 0.8 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 14 and 20 Jun and 8 Jul to keep a treatment relatively free of aphids. Capture was also applied to one plot on 20 Jun at approximately flowering and another plot at early milk stage, 17 Jul. The remaining treatments were applied 8 Jul. Aphid counts were taken 8, 10, 24, and 29 Jul. Plots were harvested 13 Aug with a small-plot combine which cut a 5 ft swath. No phytotoxicity was noted in any of the plots.
Spring Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Oakland Mills, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven insecticide treatments were applied on 28 Apr for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (60%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), ant! perennial ryegrass (10%). Treatment plots were 6 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using .i C02 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 35 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, and they were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 78°F; soil temp, 82°F; % RH, 62; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; soil type, loam; 9r soil moisture, 17.4; soil pH, 6.3; % organic matter, 3.0; water pH, slightly acidic; amount of rainfall occurring over the posttreatment period, 5.7 inches Immediately after treatment, each replicate was individually watered-in with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 28 DAT (26 May). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 18.7 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 28 Apr.
Margosan-O Contact and Residual Efficacy Against Beet Armyworm Larvae, 1986
Authors: Harris M. , Warkentin D. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Leaves were placed in 1 oz plastic creamer cups with moist filter paper. Colony reared larvae were placed on the leaves and sprayed with a hand-held mist bottle for contact/residual efficacy resting. For residual efficacy, leaves were sprayed and air-dried before placement in cups with larvae. Mortality assessments were made at 1 and 14 DAT. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 10 cups/replicate and 1 larva per cup.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Butler, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 78°F; soil temp, 77°F; % RH, 72; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; soil type, silt-loam; % soil moisture, 14.3; soil pH, 6.0; % organic matter, 3.5; water pH, silightly acidic; no rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 6 days after the initial 30 Jul treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10 min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
White Grub Control in Perennial Ryegrass, California, 1986
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. , Ali Harivandi M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a golf course fairway in Moraga, California. Experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Plot size was 5 x 20 ft granular formulations were shaken from a glass jar manually over the plots. Liquids were applied with a Solo® knapsack sprayer using a hollow cone nozzle at 32 psi, and a 6 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Immediately after application, treatments were watered-in with 1 inch of water. Pretreatment grub density was determined on 23 Sep by cutting 51ftxlftx3in randomly selected sections in the sod in each plot and counting the number of grubs. Insecticide treatments were applied at the same date. Postreatment grub density was determined in the same manner on 6 Oct.
Effect of Neem (Azad/Rachtaindica A. Juss.) Seed Extract on Birch Leafminer, New York, 1986
Authors: Larew H. G. , Knodel J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 200 x 50m nursery planting of paper birches in Dansville, NY was used for experiments. Trees were 6 years old, 3-4m tall, and were planted in clumps of 3 spaced lm apart in 5 rows that ran the length of the planting. On the east and west ends of the planting, 30 trees were randomly assigned to a spray date and treatment (5 trees/treatment/spray date). Five branches (0.5m long) at breast height were sprayed on each tree. Sprays were applied with 1 1 hand-held sprayers. The upper foliar surface was sprayed to drip. Trees were sprayed with 1% neem seed extract, Metasystox-R, or water on 3 May (oviposition) and on 10 May (early instar). On 22 May all treated branches were harvested. All foliage from each branch was removed, weighed and placed on the surface of a 2.5cm layer of damp Promix-BM ™ in a plastic tray indoors (18-23°C). On 31 May, all foliage was discarded and each tray was placed in a sealed plastic bag. Adults emerged in late Jun and were counted.
Control of the Black Vine Weevil on Juniper and Euonymus Under Shadehouse Conditions, 1986
Authors: Yost Jeffrey T. , Parrella Michael P. , Williams Ross 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment was applied as a drench to 3 flats of nursery stock, each containing 100 2 inch pots (1 flat of each type of juniper and 1 flat of euonymus) on 4 Feb using a Solo backpack sprayer and a conical nozzle. Ten days after application, flats were brought to the laboratory and the soil from each pot was emptied into a tray and inspected for the presence of black vine weevil larvae. Only pots containing larvae were used in the analysis; larvae present were scored dead or iJive and the percentage mortality for each treatment was calculated.