bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma Causing Tonsillar Herniation and Giant Cervicothoracic Syringomyelia: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: How Hong Estelle Anne , Shalid Ahmed , Deepak Srihari , Kounin Gueorgui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSyringomyelia is a fluid-filled cyst within the spinal cord and is usually associated with conditions that obstruct the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (flow at the foramen magnum or spinal levels such as Chiari malformations, arachnoiditis, and basilar invaginations). Very rarely, posterior cranial fossa tumors can lead to tonsillar herniation and secondary syringomyelia. There are only nine reported cases in the literature. We report a rare case of a 56-year-old female with posterior cranial meningioma and secondary syringomyelia, admitted with headache, nausea, vomiting, and ataxic gait. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large posterior fossa lesion causing early ventriculomegaly and a giant cervicothoracic syrinx within the upper spinal cord extending from the hindbrain inferiorly to the level of T8. She underwent a posterior fossa craniectomy with left C1 hemilaminectomy and complete excision of the tumor. In 6 months following her procedure, an MRI scan showed a significant reduction in the caliber of the syringomyelia throughout its length, and there was a significant improvement in symptoms. Although the pathophysiology of syrinx formation is still poorly understood, the alteration of CSF dynamic flow has been implicated. A common unifying cause appears to be increased transcranial difference in intracranial pressure across the foramen magnum causing tonsillar herniation, irrespective of location in the posterior fossa. With high syrinx pressure, mechanical stress-induced structural change of the spinal cord occurs, allowing the persistence and progression of the syrinx in the spinal cord. Syringomyelia appears to be resolved partially or completely after craniotomy and excision of the posterior fossa lesion.
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Patankar Amey P. , Vaghela Palak , Nasit Jitendra , Gohil Rajvee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare tumor that was defined as a separate entity in the 2016 World Health Organization classification of brain tumors. It is most common in the pediatric age group. The diagnosis of this tumor can be made preoperatively by its characteristic imaging findings of diffuse intracranial and intraspinal nodular leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement associated with small cyst-like nonenhancing lesions in the brain and spinal cord. We report a case of DLGNT in a 7-year-old male presenting with hydrocephalus. The patient was treated successfully by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion followed by biopsy of the lesion from the cerebellum. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of DLGNT. Our case would hopefully increase the awareness regarding this rare tumor and facilitate an early diagnosis and management of the affected patients with atypical radiological features.
Surgical Intervention of Dysphagia Caused by Ossification of Anterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Case Report
Authors: Tran Duc Duy Tri , Nguyen Quoc Bao , Truong Van Tri , Truong Thai Duong , Do Quoc Vinh , Vo Duc Phong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOssification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) in the cervical spine is a common entity but rarely causes dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia. We report an OALL case which causes such symptoms. A 47-year-old female patient had a complaint of progressive difficulty swallowing for 2 months. A cervical X-ray and computerized tomography scan were taken afterward, which showed OALL at the C3–7 level. She then had esophageal endoscopy to rule out other dysphagia-related disorders. The patient underwent anterior osteotomy via anterior cervical approach with significant relief of dysphagia postoperatively. Surgical management in symptomatic OALL improves dysphagia and prevents its secondary complications.
Prognostic Role of Catecholamine in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Singh Anamika , Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Kumar Raj , Singh Naresh Pal , Kumar Ajai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective Traumatic brain injury leads to the activation of sympathetic nervous system and elevation in serum catecholamine levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether catecholamine level obtained within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury provides a reliable prognostic marker for outcome.
Materials and Methods This study was a prospective observational cohort study on 36 moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Plasma epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) levels were measured by using computed tomography enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and compared with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) that was obtained concurrently. Neurological outcome was determined by GCS at day 7 of treatment and by Glasgow outcome scale at mean follow-up of 9.73 ± 2.26 months.
Results Patients with GCS 3 to 4 had markedly increase in baseline mean E (771.5 ± 126.0), NE (2,225.0 ± 215.4), and DA (590.2 ± 38.8) levels as compared with control, while patients with better GCS (11–12) had mildly elevated levels. Patients with GCS 5 to 10 had intermediate values. Cases with markedly elevated baseline E, NE, and DA level were either died or remained in poor GCS (3 or 4) at day 7 of treatment and remained in persistent vegetative state at mean follow-up of 9.73 ± 2.26 months. Cases with only mildly elevated E, NE, and DA level were improved to better GCS on treatment and had good recovery on follow-up.
Conclusion These data indicate that a markedly elevated catecholamine level was an excellent endogenous and readily quantifiable marker that appears to reflect the extent of brain injury and predict the likelihood of recovery.
Asymmetric nanocavities with wide reflection color gamut for color printing
Authors: Shi Shouhao , Lu Hua , Li Yangwu , Bo Shuwen , Li Dikun , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Symmetric metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) nanocavities based on Fabry–Perot resonance play a crucial role in transmission colors. However, their reflection color gamuts are generally limited owing to the narrow dip of resonance spectrum. In this work, we propose and fabricate symmetric titanium-indium tin oxide-silver (Ti/ITO/Ag) nanocavities to realize the reflection colors. The experimental and simulation results show that reflection color gamut of the asymmetric nanocavity is wider than that of symmetric MDM nanocavity due to the generation of broader resonance spectral dip. Moreover, a grayscale focused ion beam (FIB) etching method is employed to fabricate the thickness-controlled microstructures, and the etching depth satisfies a linear relationship with the gray value. The reflection color image can be observed by fabricating the ITO layer in the asymmetric MDM nanocavity with grayscale FIB etching method, which is more vivid than the image from fabricated symmetric MDM nanocavities. This work will provide a new way for color printing, color display, and ultra-small anti-counterfeiting technology.
The Effect of Behavior Couples Therapy on Alcohol and Drug Use Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Yuqi , Li Dongxu , Zhang Shuyu , Wang Liping , Zhen Yuanyuan , Su Yiyang , Zhang Muzi , Lu Liuyang , Xue Xiangrui , Luo Jingyi , Liang Meng , Li Xiaoming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Behavior couples therapy (BCT) is widely considered to be effective in the treatment of substance use disorders. However, the effect size of BCT in different outcome measures, and at different time points requires further study to prove it.

Methods
Systematic searches were performed in various databases. Ultimately, we identified 12 studies, involving 19 randomized controlled trials. We used Hedges’ g as the effect size, and all pooled analyses were performed using random-effects models.

Results
After treatment, BCT was superior to control conditions (either an active or inactive control group) in frequency of substance use (g = 0.17), substance use consequences (g = −0.28) and relationship satisfaction (g = 0.45). After a 12-month follow-up, BCT remained superior to control conditions in frequency of substance use (g = 0.32), substance use consequences (g = −0.34) and relationship satisfaction (g = 0.31). In addition, BCT was more effective in reducing the frequency of substance use than individual-based treatment (IBT) (g = 0.23). There was no significant relationship between the effect size of BCT and publication year (t = 0.92, P = 0.372), percentage of females (t = −0.02, P = 0.987) or the number of treatment sessions (t = −0.52, P = 0.609).

Conclusions
BCT was superior to the control conditions in all three outcome measures after treatment and at follow-up, and showed a relatively large effect size for relationship satisfaction. Moreover, BCT was superior to IBT in reducing the frequency of substance use.
Wings of fringed fruit-eating bats (Artibeus fimbriatus) are highly integrated biological aerofoils from perspectives of secondary sexual dimorphism, allometry and modularity
Authors: Stevens Richard D , Guest Emma E 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhenotypic variability is ubiquitous. This is especially true in bats, where families such as Phyllostomidae encompass as much phenotypic variability as some entire orders of mammals. Typically, phenotypic variability is characterized based on cranial morphology, with studies of other functionally important aspects of the phenotype, such as legs, feet and wings, being less frequent. We examined patterns of secondary sexual dimorphism and allometry of wing elements of the fringed fruit-eating bat (Artibeus fimbriatus) and examined, for the first time, the modularity of bat wings. Patterns were based on 13 wing measurements taken from 21 females and 15 males from eastern Paraguay. From a multivariate perspective, A. fimbriatus exhibited significant secondary sexual dimorphism. Females were larger than males for all 13 wing characteristics, with significant differences involving the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits. Female wings were also relatively larger than male wings from a multivariate perspective, as was the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits, after adjusting for wing size based on forearm length. Wing elements were highly variable regarding allometric relationships, with some exhibiting no allometric patterns and others exhibiting isometry or hyperallometry, depending on the element. Wings exhibited significant modularity, with metacarpals, proximal phalanges and distal phalanges each representing a discrete module. The wings of A. fimbriatus exhibit substantive patterns of dimorphism, allometry and modularity. Although the big mother hypothesis is a strong theoretical construct to explain wing dimorphism, there is not yet any sound theoretical basis for the patterns of allometry and modularity of the wing. Further investigation is required to understand the determinants of variation in wing morphology.
The discovery of a new giant legume tree species in a severely fragmented landscape underscores the alarming threats to the biodiversity of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Carvalho Catarina S , Lima Haroldo C , Zuanny Débora C , Gregório Bernarda S , Cardoso Domingos Bos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain has one of the highest levels of plant species endemism, but the intense historical fragmentation across the coastal Atlantic tropical rain forest has reduced the original vegetation to &lt; 10% and an island-like, patchy landscape. Despite such unprecedented vegetation loss, biogeographically and phylogenetically interesting discoveries in different angiosperm families have been newly reported for the Atlantic Forest in recent years. Here, we show that species discovery in the legume family (Fabaceae) across the Atlantic Forest has counter-intuitively been increasing. Since 1850, more than half of the legume species described for the domain are endemic, and the total number of endemic species has since increased almost four-fold, resulting in the current record of 442 endemic legumes. One such endemic is a new papilionoid legume, only known from a few giant trees that remained misidentified for 70 years since it was first collected. This new species, described here under the name Dipteryx hermetopascoaliana, based on morphological, geographical and molecular evidence, represents the first endemic species to the genus in the Atlantic Forest. We provide a complete morphological description, distribution map, preliminary conservation status and illustration of the new species. The phylogenetic isolation of D. hermetopascoaliana as sister to all other species of the genus and its restricted distribution in a severely fragmented landscape isolated by sugarcane monocultures in north-eastern Brazil are a signature of how critically endangered the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest is.
Neutrophils in autoimmunity: when the hero becomes the villain
Authors: Bissenova Samal , Ellis Darcy , Mathieu Chantal , Gysemans Conny 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Neutrophils were long considered to be a short-lived homogenous cell population, limited to their role as first responders in anti-bacterial and -fungal immunity. While it is true that neutrophils are first to infiltrate the site of infection to eliminate pathogens, growing evidence suggests their functions could extend beyond those of basic innate immune cells. Along with their well-established role in pathogen elimination, utilizing effector functions such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils have recently been shown to possess antigen-presenting capabilities. Moreover, the identification of different subtypes of neutrophils points to a multifactorial heterogeneous cell population with great plasticity in which some subsets have enhanced pro-inflammatory characteristics, while others seem to behave as immunosuppressors. Interestingly, the aberrant presence of activated neutrophils with a pro-inflammatory profile in several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) could potentially be exploited in novel therapeutic strategies. The full extent of the involvement of neutrophils, and more specifically that of their various subtypes, in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases is yet to be elucidated.
Monopoly Capital in the time of digital platforms: a radical approach to the Amazon case
Authors: Coveri Andrea , Cozza Claudio , Guarascio Dario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper applies the radical view of Monopoly Capitalism to the digital platform economy. Based on the seminal ideas of Hymer and Zeitlin that led Cowling and Sugden to define the large monopolistic firm as a means to plan production from a single strategic decision-making centre, we attempt to develop a framework where digital platforms are conceived as an evolution of large transnational corporations. Power and control, in our view of monopoly capitalism, are thus to be understood not only in terms of market relations, but rather as levers for coordinating global production and influencing world societies. Applying this framework to the Amazon case, we highlight the key analytical dimensions to be considered: not only does Amazon dominate other firms and suppliers through its diversification and direct control of data and technology; its power is also linked to global labour fragmentation and uneven bargaining power vis-à-vis the world’s governments, as in the tradition set by Hymer and Cowling.
A Robust Blockchain-Based Distribution Master For Distributing Root Zone Data In DNS
Authors: Liu Yan , Yu Haisheng , Wang Wenyong , Zou Sai , Liu Dong , Gong Daobiao , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Domain Name System (DNS) is a key infrastructure on the Internet. The Distribution Master (DM) system is used to transmit root zone data from Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to the root server. DM is a centralized system that will introduce single points of failure and abuse of authority. To solve the problem of a single point of failure, we adopt the decentralization of blockchain in architecture, and propose a blockchain-based distributed DM architecture, which allows nodes to join and exit at any time. At the technical level, the 3R-PBFT (Replicated, Redundant Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) algorithm is proposed to reach a consensus, which increases the security of the system. We use flexible mechanisms to reduce the number of signatures and improve the performance of the system. A threshold signature algorithm is used to ensure the uniqueness of the signature key information, and the increase of DM nodes will not bring about an increase in the number of keys. The advantages of the system structure in stability and scalability were verified by experiments.
Hatchery and wild larval lake sturgeon experience effects of captivity on stress reactivity, behavior and predation risk
Authors: Wassink Lydia , Huerta Belinda , Larson Doug , Li Weiming , Scribner Kim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reintroduction programs are important tools for wildlife conservation. However, captive rearing environments may lead to maladaptive behavior and physiological alterations that reduce survival probability after release. For captive rearing programs that raise individuals captured from the wild during early ontogeny for later release, there is a lack of information about when during ontogeny the detrimental effects of captive rearing may become evident. In this study we compared cortisol levels, predation rates and swimming behavior between hatchery-produced and wild-caught larval lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), a threatened fish species, at three times over 9 days. Cortisol levels did not indicate that hatchery-produced individuals were more stressed, but cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor disappeared for both hatchery-produced and wild-caught larvae after 9 days in the hatchery. Swimming activity levels decreased over time for hatchery-produced larvae but increased over time for wild-caught larvae, suggesting that behavioral trajectories may be programmed prior to the larval stage. Neither increasing nor decreasing activity levels was advantageous for survival, as predation rates increased over time in captivity for larvae from both treatments. Results suggest that physiological and behavioral phenotypes may not accurately predict survival for individuals released from reintroduction programs and that the captive environment may inhibit transition to the wild even if cortisol levels do not indicate high stress. Findings emphasize that even a short amount of time in captivity during early ontogeny can affect phenotypes of individuals captured from wild populations, which may impact the success of reintroduction programs.
Behavioral and endocrine responses to noninteractive live and video conspecifics in males of the Siamese fighting fish
Authors: Alex Deepa , Cardoso Sara D , Ramos Andreia , Gonçalves David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The physiological mechanisms underlying variation in aggression in fish remain poorly understood. One possibly confounding variable is the lack of standardization in the type of stimuli used to elicit aggression. The presentation of controlled stimuli in videos, a.k.a. video playback, can provide better control of the fight components. However, this technique has produced conflicting results in animal behavior studies and needs to be carefully validated. For this, a similar response to the video and an equivalent live stimulus needs to be demonstrated. Further, different physiological responses may be triggered by live and video stimuli, and it is important to demonstrate that video images elicit appropriate physiological reactions. Here, the behavioral and endocrine responses of male Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens to a matched-for-size conspecific fighting behind a one-way mirror, presented live or through video playback, were compared. The video playback and live stimulus elicited a strong and similar aggressive response by the focal fish, with a fight structure that started with stereotypical threat displays and progressed to overt attacks. Postfight plasma levels of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone were elevated as compared to controls, regardless of the type of stimuli. Cortisol also increased in response to the video images, as previously described for live fights in this species. These results show that the interactive component of a fight and its resolution are not needed to trigger an endocrine response to aggression in this species. The study also demonstrates for the first time in a fish a robust endocrine response to video stimuli and supports the use of this technique for researching aggressive behavior in B. splendens.
HSDatabase—a database of highly similar duplicate genes from plants, animals, and algae
Authors: Zhang Xi , Hu Yining , Smith David Roy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism capable of providing new genetic material, which in some instances can help organisms adapt to various environmental conditions. Recent studies, for example, have indicated that highly similar duplicate genes (HSDs) are aiding adaptation to extreme conditions via gene dosage. However, for most eukaryotic genomes HSDs remain uncharacterized, partly because they can be hard to identify and categorize efficiently and effectively. Here, we collected and curated HSDs in nuclear genomes from various model animals, land plants and algae and indexed them in an online, open-access sequence repository called HSDatabase. Currently, this database contains 117 864 curated HSDs from 40 distinct genomes; it includes statistics on the total number of HSDs per genome as well as individual HSD copy numbers/lengths and provides sequence alignments of the duplicate gene copies. HSDatabase also allows users to download sequences of gene copies, access genome browsers, and link out to other databases, such as Pfam and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. What is more, a built-in Basic Local Alignment Search Tool option is available to conveniently explore potential homologous sequences of interest within and across species. HSDatabase has a user-friendly interface and provides easy access to the source data. It can be used on its own for comparative analyses of gene duplicates or in conjunction with HSDFinder, a newly developed bioinformatics tool for identifying, annotating, categorizing and visualizing HSDs.
Database URL: http://hsdfinder.com/database/