bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiculturalism: its problems and teaching
Authors: Adygezalova Svetlana 
Published: January 2022

Modern sociocultural, political, and economic processes are predominantly shaped by globalization. Globalization has created large-scale emigration flows around the world, processes of integration and assimilation of various groups and ethnicities, actualizing the phenomenon of multiculturalism. Modern multiculturalism has its positive and negative consequences. Western multiculturalism is based on the principles of radical liberalism, which favors individual rights over collective rights. Meanwhile, it is obvious that today we should talk about universal rights, inherent to both individuals and groups and collectives of individuals, nations, peoples. A selective approach to relations of inequality between different groups in society is necessary, since some of them are insurmountable and hardly require a change in such a situation. Multiculturalism is just entering its maturity, and much remains to be done for this policy to succeed.
The state, which pursues a policy of multiculturalism, must propagate the ideas of tolerance in society and enshrine them in law. Effective multiculturalism presupposes unity and coherence of state policy, practice and ideology. It is necessary to recognize the necessity of forming conditions conducive to the development of positive forms of multiculturalism. Among them we would like to mention a well-considered policy of the state, which defines the norms of multiculturalism. These norms must find their place in the process of learning and teaching at different levels.
In some post-Soviet countries (e.g. Azerbaijan) multiculturalism must spread among the various ethical groups, the peoples traditionally living in the country. With this approach, multiculturalism policy should aim to consolidate all ethnic groups into a single society with shared values and ideals, and recognize the rights of these groups to cultural and ethno-confessional autonomy.
There is a need to include multiculturalism as a separate and mandatory subject in higher education courses.
Multiperspectivity should be directly related to multiculturalism due to the commonality of the methodological and philosophical platform, many concepts and definitions. Multiculturalism and the multiperspectivity method should be used not only in teaching humanities disciplines, but also introduced in the methodological analysis of scientific research.
EFEKTIFITAS SERBUK DARI TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA ALAMI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PERKEMBANGBIAKAN JENTIK NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa 
Published: January 2022

Latar Belakang. Demam dengue merupakan penyakit akibat nyamuk yang berkembang paling pesat di dunia. Pengendalian nyamuk tidak cukup hanya dengan mengendalikan nyamuknya. Tetapi, jentik nyamuk harus menjadi perhatian juga untuk dikendalikan. Pengendalian jentik nyamuk dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan mulai dari batang, daun, kulit dan akar. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas serbuk dari beberapa tumbuhan dalam mematikan jentik Aedes aegypti dengan menggunakan dosis 1 gram/10L dan 2 gram/10L yang dimasukkan kedalam kantung filter teh. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian experimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Besar sampel yang digunakan adalah 700 ekor jentik Aedes aegypti instar III. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Vektor dan Binatang Pengganggu Program Studi Sanitasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Ternate. Dosis yang digunakan adalah 1 gram dan 2 gram. Setiap dosis diisi dengan 10 liter air dan diisi 25 ekor jentik, jentik diamati 1 kali 24 jam dengan 3 kali percobaan. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata kematian larva selama 24 jam dengan menggunakan serbuk daun sirih pada dosis 1 gram terdapat kematian jnetik yaitu 10 ekor (13,2%) dan pada dosis 2 gram yaitu 13 ekor (17,2%) kematian jentik. Pada daun cengkeh dengan dosis 1 gram kematian jentik yaitu 13 ekor (17,2%), pada dosis 2 gram yaitu 17 ekor (22,4%). Sedangkan serbuk daun pala pada dosis 1 gram rata-rata jumlah larva yang mati yaitu 9 ekor (12%) dan dosis 2 gram yaitu 10 ekor (13,2 %) larva yang mati. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah semua serbuk daun yang digunakan yaitu sirih,cengkeh dan pala pada semua dosis yang digunakan efektif sebagai larvasida dan serbuk yang paling efektif yaitu serbuk daun cengkeh. Disarankan agar masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan tanaman cengkeh sebagai larvasida untuk mematikan jentik atau mengendalikan jentik
Effect of N,N'-Dicyclohexyl Terephthalic Dihydrazide on the Crystallization and Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Horváth Flóra , Bihari Levente , Menyhárd Alfréd 
Published: January 2022

Application of nucleating agents is a common way to manipulate the structure and properties of crystalline polymers. Our goal was to synthesize N,N'-dicyclohexyl terephthalic dihydrazide (DCTDH) and study it from the viewpoint of applicability as a nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). We used differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the efficiency of DCTDH in samples containing the nucleating agent in a wide concentration range. We used polarized light microscopy to study the crystalline morphology developed in the presence of this nucleating agent. To characterize the mechanical properties of the nucleated samples, we performed tensile and impact tests on injection molded specimens. DCTDH proved to be a non-soluble α-nucleating agent in iPP, with a saturation concentration around 300 ppm. The nucleating agent has a significant effect on the crystalline structure of iPP, microspherulitic structure forms in its presence. Owing to the different structure, a considerable change in the mechanical properties is observable: with increasing nucleating agent content the tensile modulus increases, while impact resistance has a maximum value around 300 ppm nucleating agent content.
Efforts to establish indigenous technology for healthcare in a low resource country – Bangladesh experience
Authors: Rabbani K Siddique e 
Published: January 2022

The astounding developments in healthcare technology is not available to about 84% of the global population in the low-medium income countries (LMIC). Good meaning medical equipment donation programmes from the high income countries (HIC) have made very little impact, most devices failing to give the desired service and increasing e-waste. The author, with his four decade-long experience feels that people in the LMICs with higher education in science and technology should be motivated and trained in the design and manufacture of medical devices, and they should also take the responsibility for commercial manufacture and distribution of the developed products. With this realisation early in life, he initiated similar efforts in his home country Bangladesh about four decades back against many challenges and obstacles. This produced some success stories and this paper lists some of the devices developed and distributed by groups under his leadership. The author argues that the existing industries in the LMICs are based on fully foreign technology, and do not have the capability or preparedness to take up commercial manufacture of indigenously developed technology based products. He has come up with the design of a ‘Micro-eco-system’ for the LMICs which involve the leadership of a single technology innovator or a single group of innovators to organise R&D and commercial manufacture, both. An LMIC may have hundreds or thousands of the above ‘Micro-eco-system’ to create an overall eco-system, which may be the solution eventually leading to a more equitable world, with each and every person of the globe having access to developments in science and technology in healthcare.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.14 No.1 2021 P 1-15
The Dual Role of an Air Distribution System, Both Reducing the Concentration of Infectious Agents and Spreading Infectious Agents
Authors: Sandberg Mats 
Published: January 2022

Ventilation removing and spreading contaminants.A large number of people becoming sick due to the COVID -19 pandemic are infected in their homes. Therefore, the spread of infectious agents, when infectious and susceptible individuals are together in their homes, is an important issue. Usually, ventilation is regarded as a process of only diluting and removing contaminants, but it is also a mechanism for spreading contaminants. The latter issue is of major importance when there is a pandemic. An air distribution system must, therefore, be viewed from a wider perspective than is generally the case. There is a need for a shift of paradigm. The scope of this study is to introduce new concepts that will make it possible to analyze air distribution systems from such a wider perspective.
Dynamic Upper and Lower Airway Microbiotas in Paediatric Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Broderick David T. J. , Regtien Tyler , Ainsworth Alana , Taylor Michael W. , Pillarisetti Naveen 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionNon-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a respiratory health condition with many possible aetiologies, some of which are potentially reversible in childhood with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It is important to understand factors which contribute to progression or potential resolution of bronchiectasis. It is evident that respiratory exacerbations are a key feature of bronchiectasis disease progression. In this pilot study we document how the microbiota of the upper and lower airways presents during the course of an exacerbation and treatment.MethodsWe recruited children (aged 1-15) undergoing antibiotic treatment for bronchiectasis exacerbations at Starship Children’s Hospital and outpatient clinics. Sputum and nasal swabs were taken before and after antibiotic treatment. Sample DNA was extracted, then bacterial 16S rRNA genes amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq.ResultsThirty patients were recruited into this study with 81 samples contributing to the final dataset, including 8 patients with complete sets of upper and lower airway samples at both (before and after antibiotics) timepoints. Changes in alpha-diversity over the course of an exacerbation and treatment were non-significant. However, sample composition did alter over the course of an exacerbation, with most notably a reduction in the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants assigned to Haemophilus.DiscussionHaemophilus has been associated with more severe symptoms in respiratory infections and a reduction in its relative abundance may represent a positive shift in a patient’s microbiota. Current treatments for bronchiectasis may preserve bacterial diversity while altering microbiota composition.
Simultaneous Percutaneous Interventional Treatment of Atrial Septal Defects and Pulmonary Valve Stenosis in Children Under the Guidance of Transoesophageal Echocardiography Alone: Preliminary Experiences
Authors: Lu Xuning , Wen Ping , Liu Yuhang , Zhu Quanwei , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous percutaneous interventional treatment of atrial septal defects (ASDs) and pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) in children under the guidance of transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) alone.MethodsEleven children with ASD combined with PS who were treated at our hospital between March 2015 and March 2019 were recruited, including 4 males and 7 females. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed that all patients had type II ASDs of the foramen ovale subtype, with a maximum diameter of 12.9 ± 2.7 mm (9.0–18.0 mm). The guiding principle of septal occluder selection is that the diameter of the occluder should be 2–4 mm larger than the maximum diameter of the ASD. The pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve in patients with PS was 54.7 ± 5.8 mmHg (47.0–64.0 mmHg), and a balloon with a diameter 1.2–1.4 times the diameter of the pulmonary valve annulus was used for dilatation. Effective dilatation was repeated 2–3 times. All children underwent ASD occlusion and PS balloon dilatation through the femoral vein under TEE guidance without radiation or contrast agents. The patients underwent PS balloon dilatation first, followed by ASD occlusion. The treatment effect was evaluated by TEE immediately after the procedure, and the patients were followed up regularly.ResultsAll patients underwent successful simultaneous ASD occlusion and PS balloon dilatation through the femoral vein under the guidance of TEE alone. The pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve immediately after the procedure was 21.3 ± 1.8 mmHg (19.0–25.0 mmHg) (P &lt; 0.01). No shunt was detected at the atrial septum level. The patients were followed for 3.0 ± 1.4 years (1.0–5.0 years) after the procedure. The atrial septal occluders were in the normal position in all of the patients, and there was no arrhythmia, hemolysis, or residual shunting. The pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve at 1 month after the procedure was 18.5 ± 3.3 mmHg (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionSimultaneous percutaneous interventional treatment of ASD and PS in children under the guidance of TEE alone is not only safe and effective but also prevents trauma caused by extracorporeal circulation and surgical incision and damage caused by X-ray and contrast agents. The surgical sequence included first performing PS balloon dilatation, followed by ASD occlusion.
Time-Lag Effect: River Algal Blooms on Multiple Driving Factors
Authors: Liu Chengjian , Chen Yan , Zou Lei , Cheng Bingfen , Huang Tonghui 
Published: January 2022

Compared to the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs, the mechanism of river algal blooms in a flowing water body are more complicated, and often lead to serious consequence in catchment scale. Due to the simultaneous impact of a variety of environmental pressures, the water ecosystem integrity state often shows a response characteristic of accumulation, complexity and time lag, therefore it is difficult to use conventional hydrodynamic and water quality models to scientifically characterize and analyze. The lower Hanjiang River (HR) is an important influence area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) in China, continuous river blooms issue has become a major national concern. In this study, a time-lag analysis approach was developed to identify the causes of algal blooms formation and the time-lag response law in the lower HR, including principal component analysis (PCA), grey relation analysis (GRA), and Almon Distributed Lag Model. Results found that, the hydrological regime (ΔH) contributes the most to the river bloom, especially due to the flow hindrance of the Yangtze River (YR) and the water project upstream. It is also found that the algal bloom outbreak in the lower HR is not an immediate response to the driving factors. It has a time lag of about 1 period (10 days) in the response with antecedent driving factors. Finally, we discussed the influence and its responding mechanism of ΔH on the growth of phytoplankton. The research can provide early warning for the prevention and control of algal blooms in the large river system.
A Diagnostic Model With IgM Autoantibodies and Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Early Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xue , Li Jiaqi , Wang Yulin , Liu Man , Liu Fenghui , Zhang Xiuzhi , Pei Lu , Wang Tingting , Jiang Di , Wang Xiao , Zhang Jianying , Dai Liping 
Published: January 2022

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies, as the early appearing antibodies in humoral immunity when stimulated by antigens, might be excellent biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer (LC). We aimed to develop a multi-analyte integrative model combining IgM autoantibodies and a traditional tumor biomarker that could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A customized protein array based on cancer driver genes was constructed and applied in the discovery cohort consisting of 68 LUAD patients and 68 normal controls (NCs); 31 differentially expressed IgM autoantibodies were identified. The top 5 candidate IgM autoantibodies [based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranking], namely, TSHR, ERBB2, survivin, PIK3CA, and JAK2, were validated in the validation cohort using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which included 147 LUAD samples, 72 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples, 44 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) samples, and 147 NCs. These indicators presented diagnostic capacity for LUAD, with AUCs of 0.599, 0.613, 0.579, 0.601, and 0.633, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). However, none of them showed a significant difference between the SCLC and NC groups, and only the IgM autoantibody against JAK2 showed a higher expression in LUSC than in NC (p = 0.046). Through logistic regression analysis, with the five IgM autoantibodies and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one diagnostic model was constructed for LUAD. The model yielded an AUC of 0.827 (sensitivity = 56.63%, specificity = 93.98%). The diagnostic efficiency was superior to that of either CEA (AUC = 0.692) or IgM autoantibodies alone (AUC = 0.698). Notably, the accuracy of this model in early-stage LUAD reached 83.02%. In conclusion, we discovered and identified five novel IgM indicators and developed a multi-analyte model combining IgM autoantibodies and CEA, which could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of LUAD.
Phenomic Analysis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease Reveals More Severe Integumentary Infections in X-Linked Compared With Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Chiu Timothy Lok-Hin , Leung Daniel , Chan Koon-Wing , Yeung Hok Man , Wong Chung-Yin , Mao Huawei , He Jianxin , Vignesh Pandiarajan , Liang Weiling , Liew Woei Kang , Jiang Li-Ping , Chen Tong-Xin , Chen Xiang-Yuan , Tao Yin-Bo , Xu Yong-Bin , Yu Hsin-Hui , Terblanche Alta , Lung David Christopher , Li Cheng-Rong , Chen Jing , Tian Man , Eley Brian , Yang Xingtian , Yang Jing , Chiang Wen Chin , Lee Bee Wah , Suri Deepti , Rawat Amit , Gupta Anju , Singh Surjit , Wong Wilfred Hing Sang , Chua Gilbert T. , Duque Jaime Sou Da Rosa , Cheong Kai-Ning , Chong Patrick Chun-Yin , Ho Marco Hok-Kung , Lee Tsz-Leung , Yang Wanling , Lee Pamela P. , Lau Yu Lung 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI), characterised by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. It is inherited either in an X-linked (XL) or autosomal recessive (AR) mode. Phenome refers to the entire set of phenotypes expressed, and its study allows us to generate new knowledge of the disease. The objective of the study is to reveal the phenomic differences between XL and AR-CGD by using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms.MethodsWe collected data on 117 patients with genetically diagnosed CGD from Asia and Africa referred to the Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Network (APID network). Only 90 patients with sufficient clinical information were included for phenomic analysis. We used HPO terms to describe all phenotypes manifested in the patients.ResultsXL-CGD patients had a lower age of onset, referral, clinical diagnosis, and genetic diagnosis compared with AR-CGD patients. The integument and central nervous system were more frequently affected in XL-CGD patients. Regarding HPO terms, perianal abscess, cutaneous abscess, and elevated hepatic transaminase were correlated with XL-CGD. A higher percentage of XL-CGD patients presented with BCGitis/BCGosis as their first manifestation. Among our CGD patients, lung was the most frequently infected organ, with gastrointestinal system and skin ranking second and third, respectively. Aspergillus species, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacteirum tuberculosis were the most frequent pathogens to be found.ConclusionPhenomic analysis confirmed that XL-CGD patients have more recurrent and aggressive infections compared with AR-CGD patients. Various phenotypic differences listed out can be used as clinical handles to distinguish XL or AR-CGD based on clinical features.
Over-Expression and Prognostic Significance of FN1, Correlating With Immune Infiltrates in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Geng Qi-Shun , Huang Tao , Li Li-Feng , Shen Zhi-Bo , Xue Wen-Hua , Zhao Jie 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThyroid cancer (THCA) is a malignancy affecting the endocrine system, which currently has no effective treatment due to a limited number of suitable drugs and prognostic markers.MethodsThree Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were selected to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between THCA and normal thyroid samples using GEO2R tools of National Center for Biotechnology Information. We identified hub gene FN1 using functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Subsequently, we evaluated the importance of gene expression on clinical prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GEO datasets. MEXPRESS was used to investigate the correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation; the correlations between FN1 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated using CIBERSORT. In addition, we assessed the effect of silencing FN1 expression, using an in vitro cellular model of THCA. Immunohistochemical(IHC) was used to elevate the correlation between CD276 and FN1.ResultsFN1 expression was highly correlated with progression-free survival and moderately to strongly correlated with the infiltration levels of M2 macrophages and resting memory CD4+ T cells, as well as with CD276 expression. We suggest promoter hypermethylation as the mechanism underlying the observed changes in FN1 expression, as 20 CpG sites in 507 THCA cases in TCGA database showed a negative correlation with FN1 expression. In addition, silencing FN1 expression suppressed clonogenicity, motility, invasiveness, and the expression of CD276 in vitro. The correlation between FN1 and CD276 was further confirmed by immunohistochemical.ConclusionOur findings show that FN1 expression levels correlate with prognosis and immune infiltration levels in THCA, suggesting that FN1 expression be used as an immunity-related biomarker and therapeutic target in THCA.