bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination of CT scanner surfaces with SARS-CoV-2 and infective potential after examination of invasively ventilated, non-invasively ventilated and non-ventilated patients with positive throat swabs: prospective investigation using real-time reverse-transcription PCR and viral cell culture
Authors: Göhler Friedemann , Corman Victor M. , Bleicker Tobias , Stroux Andrea , Dewey Marc , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
During the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, computed tomography (CT) has become widely used in patients with suspected or known coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This prospective observational study in 28 invasively ventilated and 18 non-invasively ventilated patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 contamination aims at investigating SARS-CoV-2 contamination of CT scanner surfaces and its infectiousness.

Methods
Swab sampling of the CT table and gantry before and after CT examinations was performed. Additionally, the CT ventilation system air grid was wiped off after each examination. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (ribonucleic acid) and viral cell culture were performed in the virology core lab.

Results
After examination of non-invasively ventilated or non-ventilated patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 11.1% (4/36) on patient near surfaces (CT table and gantry) and in 16.7% (3/18) on the CT air grid respectively after examination of invasively ventilated patients in 5.4% (3/56) on CT table and gantry and 7.1% (2/28) on the CT air grid. Surface contamination was more common in non-invasively ventilated or non-ventilated patients with a high viral load who were actively coughing. RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) was high (35.96–39.31) in all positive samples and no positive viral cell culture was found.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that CT scanner surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2 is considerable and more common after examination of non-invasively ventilated or non-ventilated patients compared to invasively ventilated patients. However, no viral cell culture positivity was found, hence the infectious potential seems low.
A transgenic mouse embryonic stem cell line for puromycin selection of V0V interneurons from heterogenous induced cultures
Authors: Pardieck Jennifer , Harb Manwal , Sakiyama-Elbert Shelly E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal interneurons (INs) relay sensory and motor control information between the brain and body. When this relay circuitry is disrupted from injury or disease, it is devastating to patients due to the lack of native recovery in central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Obtaining a purified population of INs is necessary to better understand their role in normal function and as potential therapies in CNS. The ventral V0 (V0V) INs are excitatory neurons involved in locomotor circuits and are thus of interest for understanding normal and pathological spinal cord function. To achieve scalable amounts of V0V INs, they can be derived from pluripotent sources, such as mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), but the resultant culture is heterogenous, obscuring the specific role of V0V INs. This study generated a transgenic mESC line to enrich V0V INs from induced cultures to allow for a scalable, enriched population for future in vitro and in vivo studies.

Methods
The transgenic Evx1-PAC mESC line was created by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated insertion of puromycin-N-acetyltransferase (PAC) into the locus of V0V IN marker Evx1. Evx1 and PAC mRNA expression were measured by qPCR. Viability staining helped establish the selection protocol for V0V INs derived from Evx1-PAC mESCs inductions. Immunostaining was used to examine composition of selected inductions. Cultures were maintained up to 30 days to examine maturation by expression of mature/synaptic markers, determined by immunostaining, and functional activity in co-cultures with selected motor neurons (MNs) and V2a INs on microelectrode arrays (MEAs).

Results
V0V IN inductions were best selected with 4 µg/mL puromycin on day 10 to 11 and showed reduction of other IN populations and elimination of proliferative cells. Long-term selected cultures were highly neuronal, expressing neuronal nuclear marker NeuN, dendritic marker MAP2, pre-synaptic marker Bassoon, and glutamatergic marker VGLUT2, with some cholinergic VAChT-expressing cells. Functional studies on MEAs showed that co-cultures with MNs or MNs plus V2a INs created neuronal networks with synchronized bursting.

Conclusions
Evx1-PAC mESCs can be used to purify V0V IN cultures for largely glutamatergic neurons that can be used in network formation studies or for rodent models requiring transplanted V0V INs.
Transformer-based molecular optimization beyond matched molecular pairs
Authors: He Jiazhen , Nittinger Eva , Tyrchan Christian , Czechtizky Werngard , Patronov Atanas , Bjerrum Esben Jannik , Engkvist Ola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolecular optimization aims to improve the drug profile of a starting molecule. It is a fundamental problem in drug discovery but challenging due to (i) the requirement of simultaneous optimization of multiple properties and (ii) the large chemical space to explore. Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed to solve this task by mimicking the chemist’s intuition in terms of matched molecular pairs (MMPs). Although MMPs is a widely used strategy by medicinal chemists, it offers limited capability in terms of exploring the space of structural modifications, therefore does not cover the complete space of solutions. Often more general transformations beyond the nature of MMPs are feasible and/or necessary, e.g. simultaneous modifications of the starting molecule at different places including the core scaffold. This study aims to provide a general methodology that offers more general structural modifications beyond MMPs. In particular, the same Transformer architecture is trained on different datasets. These datasets consist of a set of molecular pairs which reflect different types of transformations. Beyond MMP transformation, datasets reflecting general structural changes are constructed from ChEMBL based on two approaches: Tanimoto similarity (allows for multiple modifications) and scaffold matching (allows for multiple modifications but keep the scaffold constant) respectively. We investigate how the model behavior can be altered by tailoring the dataset while using the same model architecture. Our results show that the models trained on differently prepared datasets transform a given starting molecule in a way that it reflects the nature of the dataset used for training the model. These models could complement each other and unlock the capability for the chemists to pursue different options for improving a starting molecule.
Clinical feasibility and impact of data-driven respiratory motion compensation studied in 200 whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans
Authors: Dias André H. , Schleyer Paul , Vendelbo Mikkel H. , Hjorthaug Karin , Gormsen Lars C. , Munk Ole L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study examines the clinical feasibility and impact of implementing a fully automated whole-body PET protocol with data-driven respiratory gating in patients with a broad range of oncological and non-oncological pathologies 592 FDG PET/CT patients were prospectively included. 200 patients with lesions in the torso were selected for further analysis, and ungated (UG), belt gated (BG) and data-driven gating (DDG) images were reconstructed. All images were reconstructed using the same data and without prolonged acquisition time for gated images. Images were quantitatively analysed for lesion uptake and metabolic volume, complemented by a qualitative analysis of visual lesion detection. In addition, the impact of gating on treatment response evaluation was evaluated in 23 patients with malignant lymphoma.

Results
Placement of the belt needed for BG was associated with problems in 27% of the BG scans, whereas no issues were reported using DDG imaging. For lesion quantification, DDG and BG images had significantly greater SUV values and smaller volumes than UG. The physicians reported notable image blurring in 44% of the UG images that was problematic for clinical evaluation in 4.5% of cases.

Conclusion
Respiratory motion compensation using DDG is readily integrated into clinical routine and produce images with more accurate and significantly greater SUV values and smaller metabolic volumes. In our broad cohort of patients, the physicians overwhelmingly preferred gated over ungated images, with a slight preference for DDG images. However, even in patients with malignant disease in the torso, no additional diagnostic information was obtained by the gated images that could not be derived from the ungated images.
DNA in extracellular vesicles: from evolution to its current application in health and disease
Authors: Ghanam Jamal , Chetty Venkatesh Kumar , Barthel Lennart , Reinhardt Dirk , Hoyer Peter-Friedrich , Thakur Basant Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV) secretion is a highly conserved evolutionary trait in all organisms in the three domains of life. The packaging and release of EVs appears to be a bulk-flow process which takes place mainly under extreme conditions. EVs participate in horizontal gene transfer, which supports the survival of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. In higher eukaryotes, almost all cells secrete a heterogeneous population of EVs loaded with various biomolecules. EV secretion is typically higher in cancer microenvironments, promoting tumor progression and metastasis. EVs are now recognized as additional mediators of autocrine and paracrine communication in health and disease. In this context, proteins and RNAs have been studied the most, but extracellular vesicle DNA (EV-DNA) has started to gain in importance in the last few years. In this review, we summarize new findings related to the loading mechanism(s), localization, and post-shedding function of EV-DNA. We also discuss the feasibility of using EV-DNA as a biomarker when performing a liquid biopsy, at the same time emphasizing the lack of data from clinical trials in this regard. Finally, we outline the potential of EV-DNA uptake and its interaction with the host genome as a promising tool for understanding the mechanisms of cancer evolution.
Recommendation method for fusion of knowledge graph convolutional network
Authors: Jiang Xiaolin , Fu Yu , Dong Changchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the application of internet of vehicles system, it is particularly important to obtain real-time and effective vehicle information and provide personalized functional services for vehicle operation. This algorithm combines knowledge graph technology with convolutional network and presents a new algorithm model, that is, when calculating the representation of a given entity in the knowledge graph, the information of the neighboring entity is combined with the deviation. Through the integration of neighbor entity information, the local neighborhood structure can be better captured and stored in each entity, and the weight of different neighbor entities depends on the relationship between them and the specific user, which can better reflect the user's personalized interests, in order to fully demonstrate the characteristics of the entity. Compared with the traditional coordinated filtering technology SVD model, this model has improved accuracy and F1 value.
On the interference arising from random spatial fields of interferers utilizing multiple subcarriers
Authors: Zheng Ce , Egan Malcolm , Clavier Laurent , Peters Gareth W. , Gorce Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffective symbol detection, channel estimation and decoding of channel codes require an accurate characterization of the noise probability distribution. In many systems, notably the internet of things, noise is largely in the form of interference, arising from a massive number of simultaneous transmissions from uncoordinated devices. Obtaining the probability distribution of the interference is a challenging problem due to the use of non-orthogonal multiple access schemes over several subcarriers (leading to multivariate statistical models) and the heavy-tailed nature of the interference due to the random locations of devices. In this paper, we derive a novel tractable characterization of the interference probability distribution based on an application of Sklar’s theorem to develop a combination of $$\alpha$$
α
-stable and t-copula dependence models. We demonstrate that this formulation produces an accurate statistical modeling framework that admits efficient parameter estimation methods. As an illustration of the utility of our models, we develop a simple-to-implement nonlinear receiver when a binary signal is transmitted over all subcarriers by the desired transmitter, which is effective in a range of scenarios and can significantly outperform existing approaches.
Heart failure in childhood cancer survivors—a systematic review protocol
Authors: Berg Tove , Böhmer Jens , Nwaru Bright I. , Karason Kristjan , Jarfelt Marianne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the past decades, the survival rate for childhood cancer has greatly improved. However, the risk of late cardiac complications after cancer treatment remains high. Previous studies have shown that the risk for heart failure among childhood cancer survivors is significantly higher than that observed in varying control populations. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize existing population-based studies reporting on the frequency of heart failure, both the incidence and prevalence, that may develop after treatment for childhood cancer.

Method
The following databases will be searched from their inception date until May 17, 2021: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, CAB International, AMED, Global Health, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Population-based studies reporting on the incidence and/or prevalence of heart failure after the treatment of any type of childhood cancer will be included. The screening of articles, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers. The quality and risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed by using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. A narrative synthesis of the extracted data will be carried out, and for studies that are sufficiently homogenous, a meta-analysis using random-effects models will be performed.

Discussion
This systematic review will provide a clearer picture of the epidemiology of heart failure after the treatment of childhood cancer. The collected data will be of value for future childhood cancer treatment protocols and will offer guidance for posttreatment cardiac surveillance among survivors.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42021247622. Registered on April 28, 2021. This protocol follows the structure of the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P).
Examining the association between work stress, life stress and obesity among working adult population in Canada: findings from a nationally representative data
Authors: Geda Nigatu Regassa , Feng Cindy Xin , Yu Yamei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a priority public health concern in Canada and other parts of the world. The study primarily aims at assessing the role of self-perceived work and life stress on obesity among working adults in Canada.

Methods
The study was conducted based on a total of 104,636 Canadian adults aged 18 and above, extracted from the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data. We used a mixed-effect logistic regression model to determine the possible association between two stress variables and obesity, controlling for other variables in the model. The random effect term accounts for the correlation among the observations from the same health region.

Results
A total of 63,815 adult respondents (aged 18 and above) who were working during the 12 months prior to the survey were studied. Of those, 18.7% were obese based on their self-reported BMI > =30.0 kg/m2. More than two-thirds of the respondents reported that their stress level is a bit stressful to extremely stressful. The results of multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression showed that the odds of obesity were 1.432 times (95% CI: 1.248–1.644) among those who reported extremely work-related stress, compared to those who had no work-related stress. Perceived life stress was not significantly associated with obesity risk among working adult population, after adjusting other factors.

Conclusion
The study concluded that obesity among Canadian adults is 18.7% of the working adult population being obese. Given the reported high prevalence of stress and its effect on obesity, the findings suggested improving social support systems, individual/group counseling, and health education focusing on work environments to prevent and manage stressors and drivers to make significant program impacts.
Purposes of internet use among Iranian university students: exploring its relationship with social networking site (SNS) addiction
Authors: Hashemi Yasaman , Zarani Fariba , Heidari Mahmood , Borhani Khatereh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Higher education students are heavy users of the internet for a wide variety of reasons, including Social Networking Sites (SNSs). This study investigated various purposes of internet use among undergraduate university students, and how different categories of such activities are related to SNS addiction.

Methods
The sample set from 420 SNS users (280 females), a survey questionnaire was used to collect the information, including demographic information, purposes for internet usage (social, entertainment, academic, and economic purposes), and SNS addiction. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and a path diagram to estimate the regression coefficients were used to examine the data.

Results
Findings revealed that the most common purposes for using the internet were online social networking and information seeking, followed by listening to music or watching movies, learning, relaxing, using email for educational needs, and reading socio-political news. In the comparison between categories of purposes for internet usage, the most prevalent group of purposes were academic and informative, recreational, social, and economic categories respectively. Moreover, the most significant influences belonged to the social group [positively], the academic and informative group (negatively), and the recreational group (positively) on SNS addiction respectively. The economic group of purposes did not have a significant influence on SNS addiction.

Conclusion
This study has important implications for education and health providers, particularly in universities; we recommend that they try to improve students’ mental health and academic performance by providing opportunities for them to improve their IT literacy and skills.
Liver X receptor-agonist treatment rescues degeneration in a Drosophila model of hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Byrne Dwayne J. , Garcia-Pardo M. Elena , Cole Nelson B. , Batnasan Belguun , Heneghan Sophia , Sohail Anood , Blackstone Craig , O’Sullivan Niamh C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited, progressive neurodegenerative conditions characterised by prominent lower-limb spasticity and weakness, caused by a length-dependent degeneration of the longest corticospinal upper motor neurons. While more than 80 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified, many cases arise from mutations in genes encoding proteins which generate and maintain tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane organisation. The ER-shaping proteins are essential for the health and survival of long motor neurons, however the mechanisms by which mutations in these genes cause the axonopathy observed in HSP have not been elucidated. To further develop our understanding of the ER-shaping proteins, this study outlines the generation of novel in vivo and in vitro models, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to knockout the ER-shaping protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 (ARL6IP1), mutations in which give rise to the HSP subtype SPG61. Loss of Arl6IP1 in Drosophila results in progressive locomotor deficits, emulating a key aspect of HSP in patients. ARL6IP1 interacts with ER-shaping proteins and is required for regulating the organisation of ER tubules, particularly within long motor neuron axons. Unexpectedly, we identified physical and functional interactions between ARL6IP1 and the phospholipid transporter oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 in both human and Drosophila model systems, pointing to a conserved role for ARL6IP1 in lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, loss of Arl6IP1 from Drosophila neurons results in a cell non-autonomous accumulation of lipid droplets in axonal glia. Importantly, treatment with lipid regulating liver X receptor-agonists blocked lipid droplet accumulation, restored axonal ER organisation, and improved locomotor function in Arl6IP1 knockout Drosophila. Our findings indicate that disrupted lipid homeostasis contributes to neurodegeneration in HSP, identifying a potential novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of this disorder.