bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right-Wing Populism and the European Parliament’s Agonistic Politics
Authors: Guisan Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How is it that the European Parliament (EP), the only directly elected institution of the European Union (EU), has both empowered right-wing populist politicians in the UK and France, and helped challenge the right-wing populist governments of Hungary and Poland? Part of the response lies in institutional rules shaping the EP’s elections and its authority, which this article discusses critically. The paradoxical impact of the EP on European right-wing populism leads to another question: Should the EP privilege the rights of right-wing populist and anti-system actors; or, to the contrary, should it “protect democracy against democracy”? This article draws from political theorist Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic politics to assess comparatively the measures the EP majority has taken to limit the influence of right-wing populists within the chamber and beyond in EU member states. It critiques the exclusionary cordon sanitaire within, and conditionality and the “judicialization of conflicts” without, which the EP discusses passionately also.
The Cypriot Peasant Revolt of 1426
Authors: Kyriacou Chrysovalantis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Cypriot Peasant Revolt of 1426 represents a unique expression of peasant resistance during the period of Frankish rule in Cyprus. The island’s Mamluk invasion in 1426 was followed by the defeat and capture of King Janus of Lusignan at the Battle of Khirokitia and the subsequent sack of Nicosia; upon the Muslim withdrawal, the peasants took up arms against the Frankish nobility, establishing their own hierarchy and proclaiming a peasant king: Alexis the serf. Based on the little information we possess on the event, this paper attempts to understand the nature of the revolt by transcending the methodological dichotomy of pure ethnic/national vs. pure class/social conflict.
From the ‘New Party’ to the Party of Nuovismo: The Decline of the Political and Institutional Culture of Italian Communists
Authors: Prospero Michele , Marchianò Francesco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article uses a comparative framework to study the two party models that characterised the early years of the Italian Communist Party and its dissolution: the ‘New Party’ outlined by Palmiro Togliatti and the ‘nuovismo’ introduced in the 1980s by the post-’68 leadership. The analysis focuses on the aspects of political culture, the idea of party organisation, the role of the party within the democratic system, the concept of democracy in the Italian political system, and the role of the party leadership. This analysis brings to light the great foresight of Togliatti, in addition to the constructive role entrusted to the party within the democratic system and the destructive role of later leaders of the party, which resulted in a broader collapse of the Italian political system and the total marginalisation of the heirs of Gramsci.
Gramsci after the ‘Unforgettable ’56’
Authors: Dettori Giulia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the rediscovery of two Gramscian themes from 1956: Factory Councils and Americanism and Fordism (1949). It explains their importance, not only in allowing us to better understand the changes taking place at that time, but also in outlining a new conception of Marxism, one that was different from the historicism of Palmiro Togliatti (1893–1964). In particular, the paper focuses on Raniero Panzieri (1921–64) whose theoretical and political research closely resembled that of Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937).
Words for Being and Acting: The pci and Its History
Authors: Tronti Mario 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Starting from a personal intellectual and political militant position in the Italian Communist Party (pci), this contribution addresses some of the criticisms of the pci on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its founding. The text offers an insight into the relationship between the party, its political strategy and the action of each communist militant. It stresses the relevance of the language developed within the pci and its importance as a direct expression of a way of being, thinking, communicating and acting as a ‘communist’, as well as the need to return to the revolutionary passion that was masterfully expressed in the young Gramsci’s writing style and form of thought.
The gdpr’s Application and Supervisory Authorities’ Remit on National Parliaments’ Data Processing in Parliamentary Core Activities
Authors: König Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since the entry into force of the gdpr, national Parliaments within the EU have adopted varying legal opinions on its material scope of application and, inter alia, (national) data protection authorities’ supervisory jurisdiction concerning data processing in parliamentary core areas. This article summarizes the findings of a European Centre for Parliamentary Research and Documentation (ecprd) network survey conducted in early 2021 – that is, after the cjeu’s decision Land Hessen of 9 July 2020, C-272/19. It shows that the judgement had an ambiguous effect on parliaments’ legal viewpoints and briefly points out key issues influencing the minority opinion – amongst them the Austrian Parliament’s position – that parliamentary core activities’ data processing is exempted from the gdpr’s scope of application.
Optimizing Automated Kriging to Improve Spatial Interpolation of Monthly Rainfall over Complex Terrain
Authors: Lucas Matthew P. , Longman Ryan J. , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Frazier Abby G. , Mclean Jared , Cleveland Sean B. , Huang Yu-Fen , Lee Jonghyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gridded monthly rainfall estimates can be used for a number of research applications, including hydrologic modeling and weather forecasting. Automated interpolation algorithms, such as the “autoKrige” function in R, can produce gridded rainfall estimates that validate well but produce unrealistic spatial patterns. In this work, an optimized geostatistical kriging approach is used to interpolate relative rainfall anomalies, which are then combined with long-term means to develop the gridded estimates. The optimization consists of the following: 1) determining the most appropriate offset (constant) to use when log-transforming data; 2) eliminating poor quality data prior to interpolation; 3) detecting erroneous maps using a machine learning algorithm; and 4) selecting the most appropriate parameterization scheme for fitting the model used in the interpolation. Results of this effort include a 30-yr (1990–2019), high-resolution (250-m) gridded monthly rainfall time series for the state of Hawai‘i. Leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) is performed using an extensive network of 622 observation stations. LOOCV results are in good agreement with observations (R2 = 0.78; MAE = 55 mm month−1; 1.4%); however, predictions can underestimate high rainfall observations (bias = 34 mm month−1; −1%) due to a well-known smoothing effect that occurs with kriging. This research highlights the fact that validation statistics should not be the sole source of error assessment and that default parameterizations for automated interpolation may need to be modified to produce realistic gridded rainfall surfaces. Data products can be accessed through the Hawai‘i Data Climate Portal (HCDP; http://www.hawaii.edu/climate-data-portal).

Significance Statement
A new method is developed to map rainfall in Hawai‘i using an optimized geostatistical kriging approach. A machine learning technique is used to detect erroneous rainfall maps and several conditions are implemented to select the optimal parameterization scheme for fitting the model used in the kriging interpolation. A key finding is that optimization of the interpolation approach is necessary because maps may validate well but have unrealistic spatial patterns. This approach demonstrates how, with a moderate amount of data, a low-level machine learning algorithm can be trained to evaluate and classify an unrealistic map output.
Association of Arterial Metabolic Content with Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Cerebral Energy Metabolism–A Multimodality Analysis in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Enblad Per , Lewén Anders 
Published: February 2022

Background In this study, the association of the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and lactate with cerebral pressure reactivity, energy metabolism and clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) was investigated. Methods In this retrospective study, 60 patients with aSAH, treated at the neurointensive care (NIC), Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, between 2016 and 2021 with arterial blood gas (ABG), intracranial pressure, and cerebral microdialysis (MD) monitoring were included. The first 10 days were divided into an early phase (day 1 to 3) and a vasospasm phase (day 4 to 10). Results Higher arterial lactate was independently associated with higher/worse pressure reactivity index (PRx) in the early phase (β = 0.32, P = .02), whereas higher pO2 had the opposite association in the vasospasm phase (β = −0.30, P = .04). Arterial glucose and pCO2 were not associated with PRx. Higher arterial lactate (β = 0.29, P = .05) was independently associated with higher MD-glucose in the vasospasm phase, whereas higher pO2 had the opposite association in the vasospasm phase (β = −0.33, P = .03). Arterial glucose and pCO2 were not associated with MD-glucose. Higher pCO2 in the early phase, lower arterial glucose in both phases, and lower arterial lactate in the vasospasm phase were associated ( P < .05) with better clinical outcome. Conclusions Arterial variables associated with more vasoconstriction (higher pO2 and lower arterial lactate) were associated with better cerebral pressure reactivity, but worse energy metabolism. In severe aSAH, when cerebral large-vessel vasospasm with exhausted distal vasodilation is common, more vasoconstriction could increase distal vasodilatory reserve and pressure reactivity, but also reduce cerebral blood flow and metabolic supply. The MD may be useful to monitor the net effects on cerebral metabolism in PRx-targeted NIC.
Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Zihao , Ji Xiaoshuai , He Dong , Zhang Rui , Liu Qian , Xin Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults. However, the current pharmaceuticals in GBM treatment are mainly restricted to few chemotherapeutic drugs and have limited efficacy. Therefore, various nanoscale biomaterials that possess distinct structure and unique property were constructed as vehicles to precisely deliver molecules with potential therapeutic effect. In this review, nanoparticle drug delivery systems including CNTs, GBNs, C-dots, MOFs, Liposomes, MSNs, GNPs, PMs, Dendrimers and Nanogel were exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of these nanoparticles in GBM treatment were illustrated.
For patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, the outcome of testicular sperm extraction correlates with self-esteem, sexual health and the quality of the couple’s relationship
Authors: BENDAYAN Marion , SAIS Emine , ALTER Laura , FATHALLAH Khadija , JAOUL Monique , BOSSET Pierre Olivier , ROBIN Geoffroy , BOITRELLE Florence 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
A very small number of studies have indicated that azoospermia or negative testicular sperm extraction (TESE) outcomes are linked to depression or erectile dysfunction. However, the data are often weak, conflicting and gathered with non-validated questionnaires. Hence, we performed a cross-sectional study of 44 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Levels of self-esteem and the quality of the couple’s sex life and overall relationship were assessed with validated questionnaires before and after the TESE procedure as a function of the TESE outcome.

Results
A positive TESE outcome (n = 24) was associated with a statistically significant increase in self-esteem (particularly with regard to family aspects), sexual health and couples’ adjustment quality. In contrast, a negative TESE outcome (n = 20) was associated with statistically significant decreases in self-esteem, erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, couples’ adjustment quality and all aspects of the couple’s relationship (consensus, cohesion, satisfaction and affection).

Conclusion
For men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), negative TESE outcomes may have a negative impact on self-esteem and the quality of the couple’s sex life and overall relationship. This should be borne in mind when counselling men with NOA and their partners to (ideally) help them to cope with and decrease the harmful impacts of azoospermia and negative TESE.
Comparison of propofol-nalbuphine and propofol-fentanyl sedation for patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Peiqi , Chen Yan , Guo Ying , Cao Jiangbei , Wang Hong , Mi Weidong , Xu Longhe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been increasingly used to treat patients with biliary/pancreatic duct obstruction or stricture outside the operating room. Effective and safe sedation techniques are needed because of painful stimuli and the long duration of the ERCP procedure.Nalbuphine has been shown to cause less respiratory depression during sedation than similar cases without nalbuphine. This study compared the effects of propofol-nalbuphine (PN) and propofol-fentanyl (PF) sedation in patients undergoing ERCP.

Methods
Four hundred patients scheduled for ERCP procedures were divided into two groups: the PF group (receiving PF sedation,n = 199) and the PN group (receiving PN sedation,n = 201). Vital signs, adverse events during surgery, patient movement scores, pain scores, and adverse events one day post-ERCP were recorded.

Results
Stable haemodynamics were observed in both groups.Compared to the PF group, the PN group showed significantly decreased respiratory depression (P < 0.0001) and surgical interruptions (P = 0.048).Nalbuphine decreased patient movement by reducing pain from ERCP.

Conclusion
Nalbuphine, instead of fentanyl, precipitated less respiratory depression while permitting adequate/equivalent sedation for ERCP and therefore provides more efficient and safer sedation.
Trial registration
ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800016018, Registered 7 May 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=27085
Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in Chinese chronic hemodialysis patients: the prevalence and determinants
Authors: Zhao Xinju , Zhu Li , Jin Wenying , Yang Bing , Wang Yan , Ni Mengfan , Zhao Yuchao , Gan Liangying , Zuo Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and explore left ventricular geometry in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to explore the risk factors of LVH which is an important predictor of cardiovascular events.

Methods
The subjects were patients who are on MHD for more than 3 months in Peking University People's Hospital from March 2015 to February 2017. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected. Left ventricular mass was measured by echocardiography. LVH is defined by Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) > 115 g/m2 for men and > 95 g/m2 in women. LVMI and relative wall thickness were used to determine left ventricular geometry. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of LVH.

Results
Altogether, 131 patients including 77 males were enrolled. The median age was 60 (47, 69) years, with a median dialysis vintage of 48 (18, 104) months. There were 80 patients with LVH, the prevalence rate was 61.1%, and 66.3% of them were moderate to severe LVH. We found that (1) most of the patients were concentric hypertrophy; (2) one-third of the patients were concentric remodeling; (3) only 4 cases with normal geometry. The pre-dialysis serum sodium level and time average pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independent risk factors of LVH.

Conclusion
LVH is prevalent in MHD patients. Concentric hypertrophy and concentric remodeling are the most common geometric patterns. Attention should be paid to long-term pre-dialysis SBP management and pre-dialysis sodium control as they might be potentially modifiable risk factors for LVH.
Sex inequality in under-five deaths and associated factors in low and middle-income countries: a Fairlie decomposition analysis
Authors: Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Morakinyo Oyewale Mayowa , Balogun Folusho Mubowale 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC.

Methods
Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05.

Results
Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countries except Liberia, Kyrgyz Republic, Bangladesh, Nepal, Armenia, Turkey and Papua New Guinea. Pro-female inequality was however not significant in any country. Of the 59 countries, 25 had statistically significant pro-male inequality. Different factors contributed to the sex inequality in U5D in different countries including birth order, birth weight, birth interval and multiple births.

Conclusions
There were sex inequalities in the U5D in LMIC with prominent pro-male-inequality in many countries. Interventions targeted towards the improvement of the health system that will, in turn, prevent preterm delivery and improve management of prematurity and early childhood infection (which are selective threats to the male child survival) are urgently required to address this inequality.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of black ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) extract (CJ EnerG): broad spectrum cytotoxic activity in human cancer cell lines and 28-day repeated oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Park Jin-Sung , Kim Seung-Hyun , Han Kang-Min , Kim Yun-Soon , Kwon Euna , Paek Se-Hee , Seo Yong-Ki , Yun Jun-Won , Kang Byeong-Cheol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) has been used as a valuable ingredient in traditional medicine for thousands of years mostly in Asian countries due to its therapeutic effects in various diseases. Among the processed ginseng products, black ginseng is produced by a repeated steaming and drying process of ginseng roots and has been known for its superior efficacy based on high accumulation of minor ginsenosides as recently discovered. Despite its popularity and increasing use, the toxicity information on black ginseng still remained largely lacking, raising safety concerns. This study was therefore carried out to determine the repeated oral toxicity of black ginseng extract (BGE; CJ EnerG) with evaluation of cytotoxic activity as validation of its pharmacological activity for toxicity testing.

Methods
Prior to the toxicity test, we examined the cytotoxicity of BGE in six cancer cell lines derived from distinct human tissues in comparison with red ginseng extract (RGE), ginsenosides Rg5 and 20(S)-Rg3, and then assessed 28-day repeated oral toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using daily administration of up to 2000 mg/kg BGE.

Results
BGE showed higher cytotoxicity than RGE in all the cell lines used in this study. Interestingly, the efficacy of BGE closely resembled the cytotoxic pattern of Rg5, suggesting Rg5 as the main effector in the cytotoxic activity of BGE. During the toxicity study, BGE-treated groups showed no noticeable abnormality in clinical signs, body weight gain, food and water consumption and urinalysis. Furthermore, hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological analyses did not find any BGE-related toxicity.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that BGE has broad-spectrum in vitro cytotoxic activity, and that NOAEL of BGE in SD rats is > 2000 mg/kg, providing the essential safety information for human consumption.
Tollip interaction with STAT3: a novel mechanism to regulate human airway epithelial responses to type 2 cytokines
Authors: Schaunaman Niccolette , Dimasuay Kris Genelyn , Kraft Monica , Chu Hong Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is one of the key negative regulators in host innate immunity. Genetic variation of Tollip has been associated with less Tollip expression and poor lung function in asthmatic patients, but little is known about the role of Tollip in human airway type 2 inflammatory response, a prominent feature in allergic asthma.

Objective
Our goal was to determine the role and underlying mechanisms of Tollip in human airway epithelial responses such as eotaxin to type 2 cytokine IL-13.

Methods
Tollip deficient primary human airway epithelial cells from 4 healthy donors were generated by the gene knockdown approach and stimulated with IL-13 to measure activation of transcription factor STAT3, and eotaxin-3, an eosinophilic chemokine.

Results
Following IL-13 treatment, Tollip deficient cells had significantly higher levels of STAT3 activation and eotaxin-3 than the scrambled control counterpart, which was reduced by a STAT3 inhibitor. Interaction between Tollip and STAT3 proteins was identified by co-immunoprecipitation.

Conclusion
Our results, for the first time, suggest that Tollip inhibits excessive eotaxin-3 induction by IL-13, in part through the interaction and inhibition of STAT3. These findings lend evidence to the potential of a STAT3 inhibitor as a therapeutic target, especially for type 2 inflammation-high asthmatics with Tollip deficiency.