bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Food Insecurity and Stress on Delay Discounting across Families: A COVID-19 Natural Experiment
Authors: Crandall Amanda K. , Madhudi Nayana , Osborne Bernadette , Carter Autum , Williams Aliaya K. , Temple Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Delay Discounting is the extent to which one prioritizes smaller immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards. The ability to prospect into the future is associated with better health decision making, making delay discounting an important intervention target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Delay discounting decreases throughout development and stressful experiences, particularly those that accompany poverty, may influence this developmental trajectory. The current study leveraged the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic downturn as a natural experiment to understand how changes in food insecurity and psychological stress may impact delay discounting among parents, adolescents, and children.
Methods
A stratified cohort of families (N = 76 dyads), established prior to the initial pandemic lockdowns, were asked to complete a follow-up survey in the summer of 2020, during reopening. Thirty-seven (49%) families had an older adolescent (aged 15–18 years) in the study and 39 (51%) had an elementary aged child (aged 7–11 years) in the study. Both data collection points included measurements of economic position, food security status, and delay discounting.
Results
The results showed that pandemic food insecurity was associated with greater stress among parents (β = 2.22, t(65.48) = 2.81, p = 0.007)A decrease in household income during the pandemic was associated with an increase in offspring delay discounting, particularly among adolescents (β = -1.33, t(43.75) = -2.14, p = 0.038). Conversely, children showed an increase in delay discounting associated with an increase in psychological stress during the pandemic, but not any measure of economic position or food insecurity (β = -0.03, t(102.45) = -2.58, p = 0.011).
Conclusions
These findings support the emerging evidence that food insecurity is uniquely stressful among parents. The diverging nature of the results between adolescents and children suggests that the adolescents are more in tune with the economic position of their home. In both children and adolescents this increase in delay discounting over time occurred during a developmental period where this behavior is usually decreasing. Future research should continue the longitudinal investigation of childhood stress and the developmental trajectory of delay discounting to ascertain how detrimental these effects may be in adulthood.
Predicting the status of human complex diseases with random forest and polygenic risk scores
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Ma Jun , Zeng Yi , Si Haibo , Wu Yuangang , Zhang Shaoyun , Shen Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis has become one of the most practical ways to leverage genome wide association studies (GWAS) findings for disease prediction. This approach is useful for addressing the challenge to translate the vast knowledge of complex disease genetics into clinically usable information. As machine learning is being widely applied to life science and PRS analysis comes into wide use for disease prediction, we systematacially evaluated the performance of random forest and PRS in predicting the status of complex diseases. Simulation studies were conducted by the GWAsimulator software, considering various genetic effects, genetic models and sample sizes. Two target complex disease related diseases and two environmental exposure factors were also simulated to obtain the additional genetic information of target complex disease, which were generally ignored in previous PRS studies. We found that PRS-based disease prediction using random forest had moderate accuracies (~ 70%) under various scenarios simulated by this study. The genetic effects of simulated disease loci showed the most significant impact on the performance of PRS-based disease prediction. This novel approach can leverage pleiotropy and gene-environment interactions. Furthermore, it is an attempt combining publicly available summary statistics and individual-level genotype data. We hope that this study provides useful information for further approaches development and disease prediction.
Cu-organic framework modified by diatomite: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies.
Authors: abdelmoaty alaa , El-Beih Ahmed A. , Hanna Adli A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work is concerned with the studies of the bioactivities of the prepared Cu-MOF compound and its modification with diatomite. This work aims to preparation and characterization of Cu-MOF nano-particles and evaluation against some organisms. Otherwise, the structure of the Cu-MOF was modified and the effects of modification on the bioactivity were investigated. Cu-MOF/diatomite was prepared and their characterizations by using different methods were carried. The characterization by flourier transforms Infrared red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermal degradation analysis (TGA) indicate that Cu-MOF incorporated onto the diatomite unit. The thermogravimetric studies, also showed that as the diatomite particles coated with the organic fragments prevent their thermal decomposition at low temperature. The bioactivity of Cu-MOF/diatomite was studied by using the agar diffusion technique; it is found that incorporated Cu-MOF onto diatomite increases the bioactivity of Cu-MOF.
Nanoscale Electric Field Imaging with an Ambient Scanning Quantum Sensor Microscope
Authors: Yacoby Amir , Qiu Ziwei , Hamo Assaf , Vool Uri , Zhou Tony 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum sensor with remarkably versatile sensing capabilities. While scanning NV magnetometry is well-established, NV electrometry has been so far limited to bulk diamonds. Here we demonstrate imaging external alternating (AC) and direct (DC) electric fields with a single NV at the apex of a diamond scanning tip under ambient conditions. A strong electric field screening effect is observed at low frequencies due to charge noise on the surface. We quantitatively measure its frequency dependence, and overcome this screening by mechanically oscillating the tip for imaging DC fields. Our scanning NV electrometry achieved an AC E-field sensitivity of 26 mV um^(-1) Hz^(-1/2), a DC E-field gradient sensitivity of 2 V um^(-2) Hz^(-1/2), and sub-100nm resolution limited by the NV-sample distance. Our work represents an important step toward building a scanning-probe-based multimodal quantum sensing platform.
Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen S1 of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Mohamed Kauzar Mohamed , Guevara-Hoyer Kissy , García Carlos Jiménez , Bravo Laura García , Huete Adolfo Jiménez , Peña Antonia Rodríguez de la , Valeros Beatriz Mediero , Velázquez Cristina Cañizares , López Esther Culebras , Cabello Noemi , Estrada Vicente , Corbi Ángel López , Arquero Miguel Fernández , Ocaña Alberto , Delgado-Iribarren Alberto , Novillo Mercedes Martínez , Bolaños Estefania , Anguita Eduardo , Peña Ascensión , Benavente Celina , Fuentes Javier David Benítez , Segura Pedro Perez , Sanchez-Ramon Silvia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Patients with antibody deficiency disorders, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), or secondary immunodeficiency (SIDs) to B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD), are two vulnerable groups of developing severe or chronic form of coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Data on adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is well described in healthy donors, but still limited in patients with antibody deficiency of different cause. Herein, we analyzed Spike-specific IFN-γ and anti-Spike IgG antibody responses at 3 and 6 months after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 derived from vaccination and infection in two cohorts of immunodeficient patients (CVID vs. SID) compared to healthy controls (HC). Baseline cellular responses before vaccine administration were measured in 10 CVID patients. Adequate specific cellular responses was observed in 18 out of 20 (90%) CVID patients, in 14 out of 20 (70%) out of 20 SID patients and in 74 out of 81 (96%) HC. Specific IFN-γ response was significantly higher in HC respect to CVID (1,908.5 mUI/ml versus 1,694.1 mUI/ml; p = 0.005). Pre-vaccine anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular responses were detectable in 4 out of 10 CVID patients, who had COVID-19 prior to vaccination, noticing an increase in cellular responses after vaccination (p < 0.001). Whereas all SID and HC mounted a specific humoral immune response, only 80% of CVID patients showed positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was significantly lower in SID compared with HC (p = 0.040), without significant differences between CVID and HC (p = 0.123) and between CVID and SID (p = 0.683). High proportions of CVID and SID patients showed adequate specific cellular responses to S1 neoantigen, with divergence between cellular and humoral immune responses in CVID and SID patients. Our data might support the relevance of these immunological studies to determine the correlate of protection to severe disease and for deciding the need of additional boosters. Follow-up studies are required to evaluate the duration and variability of the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination or infection.
Improved Inpatient Deterioration Detection in General Wards by Using Time-Series Vital Signs
Authors: Su Chang-Fu , Chiu Shu-I , Jang Jyh-Shing Roger , Lai Feipei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although in-hospital cardiac arrest is uncommon, it has a high mortality rate. Post-cardiac arrest survival rates are associated with care team awareness, and therefore, identifying at-risk patients is critical. Early warning scoring systems are generally used to identify hospitalized patients at risk of deterioration. However, these systems often require clinical data that are not always regularly measured. Therefore, in this study, we developed a more accurate, machine-learning model, the time series early warning score (TEWS), to predict clinical deterioration using only heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory data, which are regularly measured in general wards. We tested the performance of the TEWS in two tasks performed with data from the electronic medical records of 16,865 adult admissions and compared the results with those of other classification algorithms. The TEWS detected more deteriorations with the same level of specificity as the other algorithms did when vital signs data from the 48 h prior to an event were input. Our framework improved in-hospital cardiac arrest prediction and demonstrated that previously obtained vital signs data can be used to identify at-risk patients in real time. This model may be an alternative method for detecting patient deterioration.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals diversity during heart valve epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions
Authors: Lotto Jeremy , Cullum Rebecca , Drissler Sibyl , Arostegui Martin , Garside Victoria , Fuglerud Bettina , Thakur Avinash , Underhill Tully , Hoodless Pamela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process critical for wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer metastasis, but is also essential for atrioventricular valve formation, where distinct EMTs of endocardium (EndMT) and epicardium (EpiMT) generate mesenchyme. To track these processes, we have analyzed over 50,000 murine single-cell transcriptomes from embryonic day (E)7.75 cardiac crescent to E12.5 atrioventricular canals. We detail mesenchymal and endocardial bifurcation during EndMT, identify a unique, Hic1-expressing epicardial population during EpiMT, and reveal epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) during both processes. Single-cell and histological analysis of Sox9-deficient valves show the accumulation of cells exhibiting EMP. Lastly, we deconvolve the signaling pathways active during the initiation and progression of EndMT and EpiMT. Overall, these data are the first to reveal mechanisms of emergence of mesenchyme from endocardium or epicardium at single-cell resolution and will serve as an atlas of EMT initiation and progression with broad implications in regenerative medicine and cancer biology.
Anti-inflammatory properties of KLS-13019: a novel GPR55 antagonist for dorsal root ganglion and hippocampal cultures
Authors: Brenneman Douglas E. , Kinney William A. , McDonnell Mark E. , Zhao Pingei , Abood Mary E , Ward Sara Jane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
KLS-13019, a novel devised cannabinoid-like compound, was explored for anti-inflammatory actions in dorsal root ganglion cultures relevant to chemotherapy- induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Time course studies with 3 mM paclitaxel indicated >1.9-fold increases in immunoreactive (IR) area for cell body GPR55 after 30 minutes as determined by high content imaging. To test for reversibility of paclitaxel-induced increases in GPR55, cultures were treated for 8 hours with paclitaxel alone and then a dose response to KLS-13019 added for another 16 hours. This: “reversal” paradigm indicated established increases in cell body GPR55 IR areas were decreased back to control levels (IC50: 0.117 nM). Because GPR55 had previously reported inflammatory actions, IL-1b and NLRP3 (inflammasome-3 marker) were also measured in the “reversal” paradigm. Significant increases in all inflammatory markers were produced after 8 hours of paclitaxel treatment alone that were reversed to control levels with KLS-13019 treatment. Accompanying studies using alamar blue indicated that decreased cellular viability produced by paclitaxel treatment was reverted back to control levels by KLS-13019. Similar studies conducted with lysophosphatidylinositol (GPR55 agonist) in DRG or hippocampal cultures demonstrated significant increases in neuritic GPR55, NLRP3 and IL-1b areas that were reversed to control levels with KLS-13019 treatment. Studies with a human GPR55-b-arrestin assay in DiscoverX cells indicated that KLS-13019 was an antagonist without agonist activity. These studies indicated that KLS-13019 has anti-inflammatory properties mediated through GPR55 antagonist actions. Together with previous studies, KLS-13019 is a potent neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory cannabinoid with therapeutic potential for high efficacy treatment of neuropathic pain.
Tailored identification of Cas9 proteins with specific PAM requirements using a computational prediction pipeline
Authors: Ciciani Matteo , Demozzi Michele , Pedrazzoli Eleonora , Visentin Elisabetta , Pezzè Laura , Signorini Lorenzo , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Zolfo Moreno , Asnicar Francesco , Casini Antonio , Segata Nicola , Cereseto Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The identification of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences of Cas9 nucleases is crucial for their exploitation as genome editing tools. Here we interrogated a massively expanded dataset of metagenome and virome assemblies for accurate and comprehensive PAM predictions, in order to identify novel Cas9s selected for their PAM requirements. As a test bed we selectively isolated a Cas9 which uses a PAM sequence corresponding to a disease-causing mutation, P23H in the RHO gene. Our PAM prediction pipeline will be instrumental to generate a Cas9 nuclease repertoire responding to any PAM requirement leading towards a natural PAM-free genome editing toolbox.
Global trends and regional differences in the burden of cancer attributable to secondhand smoke in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019
Authors: Maimaitiming Mailikezhati , Wang Jia , Wang Minmin , Luo Yanan , Jin Yinzi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: To describe the status quo and trends of the global burden of all cancers caused by secondhand smoke during 1990-2019.Methods: Data on cancer associated with secondhand smoke were extracted from the Global Heath Data Exchange (GHDx). Cancer burden was measured by cancer-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs). Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 people) were reported for all indicators. Estimated percentage changes in age-standardized rates by age, sex, region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were calculated to describe the temporal trends in cancer burden.Results: In 2019, age-standardized rates of death, DALYs, and YLLs among the cancer population globally due to secondhand smoke were 1.60, 38.54, and 37.77, respectively, the proportions of which in the total cancer burden for all risk factors combined decreased slightly from 1990 to 2003 and then increased from 2004 to 2019. In 2019, over 50% of the cancer burden was concentrated in adults aged 55-75 for men and 50-70 for women. Between 1990 and 2019, there was an increase in age-standardized rates of death, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs among those aged 70 years or older. The age-standardized YLDs rate attributable to secondhand smoke was higher among women; it decreased in men but increased in women, causing a wider gap between the two sexes. A greater cancer burden was mainly seen in North American countries in 1990 and in European countries in 2019. Reductions in the annual rate change of cancer burden were found mainly in North America and Oceania, while increases were found in Africa and Asia. In 2019, high-middle SDI countries and middle SDI countries had higher age-standardized rates of deaths, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs than the global level. During 1990 and 2019, the largest decline in cancer burden was seen in high SDI countries, while middle or lower SDI countries experienced increases in all age-standardized rates.Conclusion: Cancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke is concerning given the increasing health loss and differences in the distribution of cancer burden worldwide. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of disparities in cancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke and to improve understanding of the contribution of secondhand smoke to the burden of different types of cancer.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Flexible and stretchable multi-modal sensor network for soft robot interaction
Authors: Bao Zhenan , Ham Jooyeun , Cutkosky Mark , Han Amy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soft robotic hands can facilitate human-robot interaction by allowing robots to grasp a wide range of objects safely and gently. However, their performance has been hampered by a lack of suitable sensing systems. We present a flexible and stretchable multi-modal sensor network integrated with a soft robotic hand. The design of wired sensors on a flexible metalized film was embodied through a manufacturing approach that uses both UV laser metal ablation and plastic cutting simultaneously to create sensor electrode patterns and stretchable conductive wires in a Kirigami pattern. Temperature and proximity sensors are combined into a single network. We evaluated the interconnects and sensors by measuring an impedance change to each external stimulus and showed that sensor readings are not substantially affected by stretching the network. With the sensor sheet wrapped around a soft robotic gripper, we demonstrated several interaction scenarios, including identifying hot and cold water bottles, a warm burrito for food handling, and a warm baby doll for future medical applications.
Nerve transfer in the spastic lower limb: anatomical feasibility study
Authors: Diner Constance , Pfister George , Mourtialon Romain , Denormandie Philippe , Mathieu Laurent , de l’Escalopier Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeWe want to evaluate the feasibility of transferring a motor branch of the the anterior tibial muscle (ATM) on the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in order to evaluate this procedure in patients with spastic Equino Varus Foot (EVF) following a post-stroke hemiplegia.MethodsTen cadaveric dissections from five fresh frozen human cadavers were performed in order to establish the anatomic feasibility of transferring a motor branch of the deep peroneal nerve with is usually destinated to the Anterior Tibialis Muscle (ATM) onto the branch of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), to manage spastic equinovarus foot (SEF). Results Six cases (60%) presented 3 branches detonated to the ATM, one case (10%) presented 5 branches, 3 cases (30%) had 4 branches. In all specimens, the coaptation between the motor branch to the anterior tibial muscle, referred as the ‘effector’ branch, and the branch of the EDL ‘receiver’ branch was feasible without tension and did not require any intra-neural dissection.ConclusionThis anatomical study confirms the feasibility of transferring a motor branch from the ATM to the EDL to correct a spastic EVF.
Microsatellite Based Genetic Diversity Analyses of Selected Candidate Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Nelwadker Rahul R , Khan M Anwar , Mir R R , Anjum Azra , M Kamaluddin , Bhat Mushtaq A , Kumar Satish , Gupta Vikas , Kumar Uttam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Genetic diversity studies of germplasm form the basis of genetic improvement in crop plants. Around 900 wheat germplasm lines collected from different national and international germplasm repositories were subjected to repeated cycles of selection for earliness, yellow rust resistance and other agronomic traits over five years under research programme of department and under a University Grant Commission funded research project to ultimately constitute a set 26 most promising candidate genotypes. These twenty six wheat germplasm lines were studied for genetic diversity using forty-two previously developed microsatellite markers. The study revealed the overall size of PCR products amplified ranged from 100-330 bp, highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.67 for Xgwm120 while lowest value of 0.19 was observed for Xgwm155 with an overall average of 0.48. For gene diversity, lowest value of 0.22 was observed for Xgwm155 while highest value of 0.72 was observed for Xgwm120 with an overall average of 0.56. The cluster analysis based on molecular analysis of twenty-six selected genotypes revealed that genotypes WS-25 and WS-6 were found most diverse genotypes with dissimilarity index of 0.724 and the genotypes WS-15 and WS-17 were reported to be similar with 0.209 dissimilarity index value. The dendrogram generated using molecular data of polymorphic markers grouped 26 wheat genotypes into 3 distinct main clusters and 10 sub clusters. The understanding of these diverse genotypes can be helpful for selection of parental lines to breed for important agronomic traits.