bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrocalyenes A and B, Two New Diterpenoids from Sinomenium acutum Associated Fungus Acrocalymma sp.
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Ting , Yuan Ya‐Hong , Hu Jia‐Yao , Lin Li‐Bin , Yang Mei‐Li , Duan Dong‐Zhu , Gong Guo‐Wei , Xiao Jian , Wang Xiao‐Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe identified two new diterpenoidal acrocalyenes A (1) and B (2) through chemical investigation on Acrocalymma sp., a plant‐associated fungus from the tender stem isolates of Sinomenium acutum collected from the Qinling Mountains, along with seven already‐recognized compounds (3–9). The HR‐ESI‐TOF‐MS and 1D/2D NMR data were utilized for structural elucidation of these compounds, and the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was employed for absolute configuration clarification of the novel acrocalyenes 1 and 2. Bioassays revealed that the cytotoxicities of compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 against three human carcinoma cells (RKO, HeLa and HCC‐1806) were moderate to strong, with IC50 between 6.70–38.82 μM. These isolates were also evaluated for their fungal resistant potentials against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium solani, in which 3 displayed significant inhibitory effects on all three phytopathogenic fungi, showing respective MIC of 50, 25 and 25 μM.
Influence of amyloglucosidase, glucose oxidase, and transglutaminase on the technological quality of gluten‐free bread
Authors: Ebling César D. , Thys Roberta C. S. , Klein Manuela P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe main purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of the commercial enzymes amyloglucosidase, glucose oxidase, and transglutaminase on the technological quality of a gluten‐free bread based on cornstarch, rice flour, and buckwheat flour. Gluten‐free bread was analyzed for baking loss, bread central slice height, specific volume, textural properties, porosity, and pore size.FindingsGlucose oxidase and transglutaminase provided the lowest values of baking loss (7.16% and 6.38%, respectively) compared with the control (8.56%). Amyloglucosidase resulted in bread with specific volume three times greater (2.55 ml/g) than the control (0.9 ml/g). Transglutaminase provided a 73% decrease in crumb chewiness compared with the control and resulted in bread with small pores.ConclusionThe application of 15 g/kg of flour amyloglucosidase, 7.5 g/kg of flour glucose oxidase, and 0.25 g/100 kg of flour transglutaminase improved the overall technological quality of the developed gluten‐free bread.Significance and NoveltyThe results obtained showed that industrial enzymes can improve the technological quality—texture and crumb parameters—of a gluten‐free bread made from a complete formulation containing food additives, and buckwheat flour as a protein source.
Intestinal T‐cell lymphoma: A rare entity presenting with severe acute upper quadrant pain
Authors: Mashayekhi Azin , Quiroga Eleonora Fiorletta , Margolick Joseph F. , Post Ginell R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimary gastrointestinal T‐cell lymphomas are rare. Presenting symptoms can be non‐specific, and imaging studies can show overlap with nonmalignant processes. Definitive diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and histologic evaluation with ancillary studies for appropriate disease classification and therapeutic intervention.
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis—“Knowing when not to operate”: Case report and qualitative systematic review of literature
Authors: Kapoor Kavish , Shadamarshan Rengasayee Arunkumar , Sharma Rohit , Agrawal Nitesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemporomandibular joint ankyloses (TMJA) may manifest in patients with several predisposing systemic conditions. A case of extraarticular TMJA is presented in a patient diagnosed with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is presented. The features, diagnosis, and management of TMJA superimposed on this condition are presented through a qualitative systematic review of literature.
Formation of CH4 at the Metal‐Support Interface of Pt/Al2O3 During Hydrogenation of CO2: Operando XAS‐DRIFTS Study
Authors: Kikkawa Soichi , Teramura Kentaro , Kato Kazuo , Asakura Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe adsorbed intermediates on supported metal catalysts govern their catalytic activity and selectivity, although it is difficult to quantify them under the working states. We monitored the adsorbed species on Al2O3‐ and SiO2‐supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst during hydrogenation of CO2 and elucidated the CH4‐formation sites at the metal‐support interface of Pt/Al2O3, by using a combination of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with product analysis (operando XAS‐DRIFTS). Pt L3‐ and L2‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectra quantified the unoccupied states of Pt species, revealing that both of hydrogen and CO species adsorbed on the Pt surface of Pt/Al2O3, whereas a relatively smaller amount of hydrogen species adsorbed on Pt/SiO2. The DRIFTS and reaction results indicated that the CO species co‐adsorbed with hydrogen species on the perimeter Pt sites were hydrogenated to CH4 at the interface between Pt particles and Al2O3 surface.
Immobilization of CMP‐Sialic Acid Synthetase and α2,3‐Sialyltransferase for Cascade Synthesis of 3′‐Sialyl β‐D‐Galactoside with Enzyme Reuse
Authors: Schelch Sabine , Koszagova Romana , Kuballa Jürgen , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSialo‐oligosaccharides are often synthesized via cascade reaction of CMP‐sialic acid synthetase (CSS) and sialyltransferase (SiaT). Here, we studied individual enzyme immobilization to develop solid‐supported preparations of the CSS from Neisseria meningitis (NmCSS) and the α2,3‐SiaT from Pasteurella dagmatis (PdSiaT). Oriented immobilization via N‐terminal His‐tag as well as “random” (orientationally uncontrolled) immobilization via multipoint covalent coupling gave catalyst preparations of each enzyme with low activity and effectiveness factor (η). We therefore constructed N‐terminal fusions of NmCSS and PdSiaT with the cationic binding module Zbasic2 and show individual immobilization of even the unpurified enzymes on sulfonate carrier (ReliSorb SP400) in excellent yields (≥95 %) and binding selectivities. For both enzymes in individual reactions, the initial η (Z‐NmCSS: 90 %; Z‐PdSiaT: 25 %) declined sharply with increasing enzyme loading and the maximum immobilized activity was 110 U/g carrier (η=27 %) for Z‐NmCSS, 7.5 U/g (η≤5 %) for Z‐PdSiaT. Supplied with neuraminic acid and cytidine 5′‐triphosphate (20 mM each), the immobilized enzymes promoted α2,3‐sialylation of the model substrate 4‐nitrophenyl β‐D‐galactoside (20 mM) in 85 % yield and could be recycled 5 times with only small loss in their overall synthetic activity (≤10 %).
Mo‐Vacancies Defect Engineering of One‐Dimensional Porous Mo2C Nanowires for Enhanced High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Nie Zhongxiang , Tang Zeming , Jiao Dongxu , Yuan MeiChen , Zhao Jingxiang , Lai Qingxue , Liang Yanyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe large‐scale application of efficient water‐splitting greatly promote the development of hydrogen economy which benefit both in alleviating the energy crisis and reaching the goal of carbon neutral. To realize considerable hydrogen evolution, rational design of catalysts with controllable structure and surface composition become crucial. In this work, we proposed an enhanced active site originated from Mo‐vacancies defect in Mo2C crystal which was fabricated by the evaporation of Zn content in well‐designed one‐dimensional ZnMoO4 precursor. Density functional theory calculation and experimental results demonstrated that the formation of molybdenum vacancies in molybdenum carbide promoted the water adsorption and H2 desorption effectively, resulting in an excellent HER reaction dynamics. Moreover, one‐dimensional porous nanowires also ensured rapid mass transfer and contributed strong support for superexcellence HER performance. As expected, V−Mo2C‐900@NF exhibited extremely low overpotential (η10=43 mV) at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and rapid reaction kinetics (Tafel slope 77.89 mV dec−1).
Underwater Superoleophobic‐Oleophilic Chips for Femtomolar Aflatoxins Identification
Authors: Cao Liwei , Wu Lizhen , Li Cheng , Tu Yidan , Wu Hao , Shen Bin , Meng Jianxin , Hao Xin‐Qi , Yan Bing , Li Feng‐yu , Xia Fan , Huang Yu 
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive SummaryUnderwater superoleophobic‐oleophilic chips were developed to achieve oil extracting from aqueous solution and oil‐droplet condensing to preset microwell. The double‐hierarchical (extracting‐condensing) enrichment strategy drastically improves the sensitivity for organic contaminants or components, whose signal amplification approaches 459.7 times that of primary solution and 25.9 times that of single condensing enrichment strategy. Low to femtomolar limit of detection (2.6 × 10–15 mol/L) sensitivity and 6 various aflatoxins or mildewed foods identification demonstrate the significance and promotion for environment monitoring, water purification, and so on.
Advances and Challenges of Photocatalytic Methane C—C Coupling
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Luo Nengchao , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive SummaryMethane, the main component of natural gas and shale gas, can be converted to upgraded fuels, syngas and value‐added chemicals. Due to the nonpolar character of methane and large bond dissociation energy of sp3 C—H bond, methane conversion requires strong oxidants or acids/bases for its activation. Photocatalysis capable of inducing highly oxidative surrogates enables methane C—H bond scission at room temperature, thereby avoiding side reactions and coke formation caused by high reaction temperature. The scission of methane C—H bond generates •CH3 that may undergo C—C bond coupling with carbon radicals, which is a versatile way to obtain C2+ chemicals. Apart from the kinetically slow activation of methane C—H bond, photocatalysis also suffers from complex product distributions owing to the presence of varieties of radicals during photocatalytic methane conversion, and a low selectivity of desired C2+ products was achieved. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of photocatalytic methane conversion with emphasis on methane C—C bond coupling. Methods of methane C—H bond activation and radical manipulation for selective C—C bond coupling were discussed in detail. We hope this review may be a valuable guide of future work in photocatalytic methane C—C coupling.
Disparities in smoking prevalence and associations with mental health and substance use disorders in underserved communities across the United States
Authors: Lin Sue C. , Gathua Naomie , Thompson Cheryl , Sripipatana Alek , Makaroff Laura 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSmoking contributes to the top 3 deadliest cancers, cancers of the lung, colon, and pancreas, which account for nearly 40% of all cancer‐related deaths in the United States. Despite historicly low smoking rates, substantial disparities remain among people with mental health conditions and substance use disorders (SUDs).MethodsThe study examined the prevalence of smoking among adults from underserved communities who are served at federally qualified health centers through an analysis of the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey. Furthermore, the study assessed associations of smoking with co‐occurring mental health conditions and SUDs among adult smokers (n = 1735).ResultsThe prevalence of smoking among health center patients was 28.1%. Among current smokers, 59.1% had depression and 45.4% had generalized anxiety. Non‐Hispanic Black smokers had more than 2 times the odds of reporting SUDs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐4.30). Individuals at or below 100% of the federal poverty level had more than 2 times the odds of having mental health conditions (aOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.58‐4.11), and those who were unemployed had more than 3 times the odds for SUDs (aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.27‐8.10).ConclusionsThe prevalence of smoking in underserved communities is nearly double the national prevalence. In addition, the study underscores important socioeconomic determinants of health in smoking cessation behavior and the marked disparities among individuals with mental health conditions and SUDs. Finally, the findings illuminate the unique need for tailored treatments supporting cancer prevention care to address challenges confronted by vulnerable populations.
Formation of the Metastable MnIII Water Oxidation Intermediate in Birnessite is Controlled by a Dissolution‐Deposition Process Involving Labile MnII
Authors: Roy Indroneil , Wang Chenying , Smieszek Nicholas , Li Xinran , Tsapatsaris Leonidas , Chakrapani Vidhya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBirnessite, the closest naturally occurring analog of the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II, is an important model compound in the development of bio‐inspired electrocatalysts for the water oxidation reaction. The present work reports the formation mechanism of the key MnIII intermediate realized through the study of the effects of several electrolyte anions and cations on the catalytic efficiency of birnessite. In situ spectroelectrochemical measurements show that the activity is controlled by a dynamic dissolution‐oxidation process, wherein MnIII is formed through the oxidation of labile uncomplexed MnII that reversibly shuttles between the birnessite and the electrolyte in a manner similar to the photoactivation in photosystem II. The role of electrolyte cations of different ionic radii and hydration strengths is to control the interlayer spacing, whereas electrolyte anions control the extent of deprotonation of complexed MnII in the lattice. Both in turn govern the shuttling efficiency of uncomplexed MnII and its subsequent electro‐oxidation to MnIII.
Model predictive direct power control strategy for leakage current suppression on a grid‐connected three‐level inverter
Authors: Gao Fengyang , Yang Kaiwen , Luo Yinhang , Gao Jianning , Song Zhixiang , Gao Xuanyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nonisolated grid‐connected photovoltaic inverter system suffers from the problem of leakage current. Therefore, a leakage current suppression control strategy based on the model predictive direct power control is proposed for the three‐level four‐leg grid‐connected inverter. At first, the system model is established to analyze the factors that affect the leakage current and the potential of the neutral point. Second, the first three legs, inverting part, use model predictive direct power control, and the fourth leg of the inverter is used to maintain a constant common‐mode voltage to achieve the suppression of the leakage current. The fourth leg is indirectly controlled by the switch state of the first three legs; thus, the number of optimization times is reduced. Finally, by simulation, the leakage current is compared and analyzed with the three‐level three‐leg inverter under conditions with different parasitic capacitance values. The results show that the proposed strategy suppresses the leakage current by more than 60% without affecting the neutral point potential and has a fast optimization speed.
Intelligent structural design of shear wall residence using physics‐enhanced generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Liao Wenjie , Zhang Yu , Huang Yuli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntelligent structural design using generative adversarial networks (GANs) is a revolutionary design approach for building structures. Despite its far‐reaching capability, the data quantity and quality may have limited the performance of such a data‐driven network. This study proposes to enhance the objectiveness of training processes by innovatively introducing a surrogate model, Physics Estimator, that informs the generator by appraising the physical behavior of the generated design. Dual loss functions evaluated by a traditional data‐driven discriminator and the Physics Estimator collaboratively foster the physics‐enhanced GAN architecture. We further develop a structural mechanics model to train and optimize the inherent accuracy of the Physics Estimator. The comparative study suggests that the proposed physics‐enhanced GAN can generate structural designs from architectural drawings and specified design conditions 44% better than a data‐driven design method and 90 times faster than a competent engineer.
Solution of transient heat transfer in graded‐material fins of varying thickness under step changes in boundary conditions using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Sahu Abhishek , Bhowmick Shubhankar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGraded materials (GM) possess superior thermo‐mechanical properties, which are not feasible to obtain with homogeneous materials (HM), and hence in this paper, the transient response of a longitudinal fin of varying geometry made up of GM is reported. The temperature‐dependent convection coefficient and heat generation parameters are considered to account for real‐world high‐temperature applications of fins. Fin material properties such as density and specific heat remain constant while thermal conductivity is assumed to vary axially based on four different physically possible variations namely, linear, quadratic, power, and exponential variations. The typical nonlinear differential equation obtained for fins was solved by using a mesoscopic scale‐based particle tracking method called the Lattice Boltzmann method. The Lattice Boltzmann solver has been implemented in form of an in‐house MATLAB code and validated with existing results, thereafter it is developed for solving the foregoing problems. The results obtained are reported for rectangular, triangular, convex, and concave profiles under step change in base temperature and base heat flux. The performance of graded fins is investigated in terms of time required to attain steady‐state and fin tip temperature which are inherent design parameters in the case of the transient fin. Inhomogeneity index and profile function have a significant effect on the performance of fin in terms of resistance to heat flow. Hereby, in comparison with HM fins, GM fins have lower resistance to heat flow irrespective of fin profiles. Concurrently, comparative analysis for fins of different profiles made of HM and GM is also done to facilitate the designer in selecting the most appropriate fins.
Targeting population groups with heavier burden of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence: A nationwide descriptive epidemiological study in Sweden
Authors: Vaz Juan , Midlöv Patrik , Eilard Malin Sternby , Eriksson Berne , Buchebner David , Strömberg Ulf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContemporary European studies examining associations between socioeconomic status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence are scarce. We aimed to target population groups with a heavier burden of HCC by assessing associations of individual‐level sociodemographic variables and neighbourhood deprivation with all‐stage and stage‐specific HCC incidence rates (IR). Patient and population data stratified by calendar year (2012‐2018), sex, age (5‐year groups), household income (low, medium and high), country of birth (Nordic, non‐Nordic) and neighbourhood deprivation (national quintiles Q1‐Q5) were retrieved from Swedish registers. HCC stages were defined by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 to A (early‐stage) and B to D (late‐stage). IR (per 100 000 person‐years) were estimated by Poisson regression models. Men had four times higher IR than women. IRs increased markedly with lower household income as well as with neighbourhood deprivation. Seven times higher IR was observed among people with a low household income living in the most deprived neighbourhoods (IR 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.28‐4.64) compared to people with a high household income living in the least deprived neighbourhoods (IR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46‐0.74). The gradient across income categories was more pronounced for late‐stage than early‐stage HCC. IR reached 30 (per 100 000 person‐years) for people in the age span 60 to 79 years with low income and 20 for 60 to 79 year old people living in the most deprived neighbourhoods (regardless of income). Men with low household income and/or living in the most deprived neighbourhoods might be considered as primary targets in studies evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of screening for early‐stage HCC detection.
Maternal closeness, kinship ties, and future orientation among rural African American youth: The mediating role of ethnic identity
Authors: Harris Charlene , Alexander Jamie D. , Vazsonyi Alexander T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have considered the importance of kin or extended family relationships on future orientation. Additionally, some of the underlying processes linking social bonds to future orientation remain poorly understood. Based on theoretical work focused on attachment and identity, this study tested the potential mediating effects of ethnic identity on the links between close relationships (maternal closeness and kinship ties) and future orientation over time. Specifically, the study tested the extent to which ethnic identity mediated the relationship between maternal closeness and future orientation, and the relationship between kinship ties and future orientation. In addition, it tested whether sex moderated the relationships between maternal closeness/kinship ties and future orientation measures (education and career) as well as between ethnic identity and future orientation measures.MethodsSelf‐report data were collected twice, approximately 6 months apart, during a school year from a sample of rural African American adolescents (n = 274, Mage = 14.81, SD = 1.48).ResultsFindings provided evidence of mediation effects by ethnic identity on the relationships between maternal closeness and future orientation measures, and the link between kinship ties and future orientation measures. In addition, sex moderated the associations between ethnic identity and future education orientation as well as between maternal closeness and future education orientation; no moderation effects were found for the links with future career orientation measures.ConclusionsMaternal closeness and kinship ties appear to be critical for supporting ethnic identity and for developing educational and career future orientation among rural African American youth.
Cross‐national and longitudinal evidence for a rapid decline in life satisfaction in adolescence
Authors: Daly Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile several studies have documented a declining‐with‐age trend in life satisfaction in adolescence, cross‐national and nationally representative longitudinal evidence is needed to establish the normative trajectory of life satisfaction during this critical developmental period.MethodsThe Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) study of 10–16‐year‐olds included the Cantril Ladder life satisfaction measure in surveys of 43 countries between 2001 and 2014 (N = 752,620, 51% females). The UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) was used to assess within‐person changes in life satisfaction from age 10 to 15 years among young people sampled between 2009 and 2018 (N = 8952, Obs. = 30,278).ResultsLife satisfaction decreased by 0.61 SDs on average from ages 10 to 16 in the HBSC sample. A statistically significant decreasing‐with‐age trend was observed in each of the 43 countries examined. Females experienced a more pronounced decline in life satisfaction than males (0.75 SD vs. 0.46) on average, and a significantly larger decrease in life satisfaction among females was identified in 38 of 43 countries examined. Longitudinal analysis of adolescents from the UKHLS sample replicated this pattern: life satisfaction declined significantly by 0.5 SD between the ages of 10 and 15 and this decline was found to be steeper for females (0.76 SD) than for males (0.23SD).ConclusionsThe study findings enhance our understanding of the lifespan dynamics of life satisfaction and point to a potential universal decline in life satisfaction in adolescence. Understanding the developmental processes underlying this phenomenon will now be crucial.