bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of e-Cigarette Exposure with Pediatric Otitis Media Recurrence
Authors: Lam Tina K. , Samuels Tina L. , Yan Ke , Zhang Liyun , Adams Jazzmyne , Stabenau Kaleigh A. , Kerschner Joseph E. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Otitis media (OM) is a common inflammatory disease spectrum in children and a leading cause of pediatric physician visits, antibiotic prescriptions and surgery. Tobacco exposure is associated with increased risk of OM recurrence, chronicity and surgeries. Tobacco products have changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). While users frequently perceive vape as less harmful than traditional cigarettes, burgeoning evidence supports its contribution to respiratory pathologies. The consequences of secondhand exposure, particularly among children, are understudied. The aim of this study was to examine the association of e-cigarette emissions (EE) with OM recurrence and surgeries in the US. Methods: Questionnaire data regarding ear infections and tobacco exposure was gathered for all pediatric respondents of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017 to 2018. Weighted analyzes and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Results: Data was available for 2022 participants (aged 6-17); all were included for analyzes. Tobacco exposure was observed in 42%; 9% were exposed to EE. EE contributed to risk of ≥3 ear infections (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.01-2.58, P = .047). After adjustment for significant covariates (race and asthma), the association fell below significance ( P = .081). No other significant associations were observed between ear infections, or tympanostomy tube insertion and exposure variables (EE, gestational or other household exposure). Conclusions: Exposure to EE may confer greater risk of pediatric OM than previously identified factors such as household smoke, or gestational exposure. Further investigation of EE and its health implications in children is warranted. Level of Evidence: IV
Toward a Typology of Technology-Using Teachers in the “New Digital Divide”: A Latent Class Analysis of the NCES Fast Response Survey System Teachers’ Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 (FRSS 95)
Authors: Graves Kenneth E. , Bowers Alex J. 
Published: October 2022

Background Recently, policy makers and school leaders have heavily invested in the promise that educational technology could catalyze systemic school change. Yet some critics note that the conversation surrounding technology in schools is a red herring that has not produced char, definitive, and equitable results across different school settings. In order to address this concern, prior research has mainly focused on understanding how and why teachers use technology. Still, we argue that an understudied third perspective— examining what types of technology-using teachers exist— could provide innovative and impactful insights to shape research, policy, and practice in instructional technology. Purpose of the Study We investigate the extent to which there is a typology of teachers who use technology, as well as to what extent school- and teacher-level variables predict membership in the different subgroups in the typology, by analyzing a nationally generalizable sample (2, 764 teachers) from the Teachers’ Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 Fast Response Survey System dataset, collected by the National Center for Education Statistics. Research Design We used a three-step, one-level latent class analysis (LCA) with nationally generalizable data that identify significantly different types of technology-using teachers, as well as what covariates predict membership in the identified subgroups. Findings We find that there are four statistically significant subgroups of technology-using teachers: Dexterous (24.4%), Evaders (22.2%), Assessors (28.4%), and Presenters (24.8%). We also find that several covariates, such as student socioeconomic status, school type, enrollment, years of teacher experience, and total number of school computers, predicted teachers’ membership in these four subgroups of technology-using teachers. Conclusions Our findings reiterate the notion that technology-using teachers are not a monolithic group or are randomly distributed across school settings, finding that low-income schools are more likely to have teachers who use technology in less meaningful ways. As a quantitative phenomenology, this study provides one of the first empirically based, nationally generalizable depictions of technology use in schools, which could inform school leaders and policy makers as they evaluate new digital tools, design professional learning for teachers, and tackle inequalities in technology access, teacher knowledge, and technology-mediated learning experiences and outcomes for students.
Did the use of open invitations in place of timed appointment invitations reduce the uptake of breast screening in the London region during the COVID-19 recovery?
Authors: Hudson Sue M , Binysh Kathie , Duffy Stephen W 
Published: October 2022

Objective The Covid-19 pandemic created a backlog of women awaiting an invitation for breast screening in the UK. To recover in a timely fashion, the National Health Service programme opted to issue open invitations (OI) to women rather than the standard pre-booked timed appointments (TA). Historically, OIs have been shown to result in lower uptake. The aim of this study was to make use of a natural experiment to compare uptake in groups sent an OI with those sent a TA during a period when both invitation methods were in use. Methods Women invited for routine screening at one of the six London breast screening services from September 2020 to March 2021 were included and grouped according to the type of invitation they had received (TA or OI). The outcome was attendance within 6 months of opening the screening episode. Data were analysed by logistic regression. Results During the period of the study, 78,192 (32.5%) women received a TA and 162,680 (67.5%) received an OI. In the TA group, 47,391 (60.6%) attended within six months of offered appointment and in the OI group 86,430 (53.1%) attended. This difference was significant ( p < 0.001). The odds ratio (95% CI) for the attended outcome was 1.44 (1.33–1.55) adjusted for differences in deprivation and for invitation category (first invitation or subsequent invitation). Conclusions This study supports the view that TA delivers a higher uptake than OI. It suggests that during this period over 12,000 women in London, who would have been expected to attend if given the standard TA, did not attend their appointment having received an OI.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia: A five-year trend analysis (2016–2020)
Authors: Debash Habtu , Ebrahim Hussen , Bisetegn Habtye 
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study was designed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia over the last 5 years. Methods: A 5-year retrospective study was conducted at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Data were summarized and analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26 version software, respectively. To present the data and evaluate the patterns in cutaneous leishmaniasis cases across the 5 years, months, and seasons, descriptive statistics were utilized. In multivariable logistic regression analysis of determinants in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis positivity, p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: The overall positivity rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 31.1% (452 out of 1455) over the last 5 years at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital. The result showed a fluctuating yet declining trend in cutaneous leishmaniasis infections. The highest number of cases was registered in 2016, while the lowest was in 2020. Males and the age group of 15–49 years, accounted 78.5% and 79.9% of the patients, respectively, were the hardest hit by cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area. Similarly, the highest number of cases was observed in Dehana district (268). From all registered confirmed cases, 54 (10.7%) were previously treated cases. Moreover, the majority of cases, 423 (93.6%) were localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and most of the lesions were on the face. Conclusion: Although the results indicate a fluctuating yet declining trend, the positivity rate of confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the area remains alarming and indicates a major public health burden. Therefore, efforts are required to reduce the disease burden through continuous monitoring and evaluation of control measures in the study area.
A comparison of iStent combined with phacoemulsification and endocyclophotocoagulation (ICE2) with the PreserFlo MicroShunt and XEN-45 implants
Authors: Qidwai Umair , Jones Lee , Ratnarajan Gokulan 
Published: October 2022

Background: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), including minimally invasive bleb surgery (MIBS), is a rapidly evolving area of research and clinical interest in ophthalmology. The growing number of devices has necessitated evaluations to identify subtle differences in outcomes between treatments. Objectives: To compare clinical effectiveness and safety outcomes of iStent combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ICE2) with bleb forming PreserFlo MicroShunt (PMS) and XEN-45 gel implant in a 24-month retrospective review. Design: A retrospective review of patient records. Methods: We compared outcomes of 247 patients undergoing one of three glaucoma procedures (ICE2 = 162; PMS = 48; XEN-45 = 37) at a single facility in the United Kingdom. Clinical records were reviewed retrospectively between July 2016 and May 2020. Pairwise comparisons and within group analyses were performed to assess intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected LogMAR visual acuity (BCVA), the Humphrey visual fields and antiglaucoma medication outcomes across the three treatment groups. Results: No statistically significantly differences in IOP between the groups at day 7, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. PMS had statistically significantly change in IOP between baseline and day 7 compared with ICE2 ( p = 0.003). BCVA was statistically significant different at 24 months between the ICE2 compared with PMS group (0.12 versus 0.33 LogMAR; p = 0.002). PMS group achieved the largest decline in medication usage between baseline a 24-month follow-up (2.9 versus 0.9; p < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference in the number of antiglaucoma medications being used between groups at 24 months. Postoperative complications in all three groups were transient and could be resolved with office-based interventions. Conclusion: Real-world outcomes after 24 months were similar between patients undergoing MIGS and MIBS procedures.
Insurance Status Influences Mandible Fracture Management and Outcomes: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis of 268 809 Admissions
Authors: Rivera Perla Krissia M. , Lopez Christopher D. , Zeyl Victoria G. , Lake Isabel V. , Girard Alisa O. , Puthumana Joseph S. , Redett Richard J. , Lopez Joseph , Manson Paul N. , Yang Robin 
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of insurance status on mandible fracture management and outcomes at the national level. Summary: The role of insurance status in mandible fracture management has not been well-characterized. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of adults diagnosed with mandibular fractures from 2002 to 2019 using the National Inpatient Sample. Outcomes of interest included open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgery versus no intervention, days to ORIF, length of stay (LOS), admission cost, home discharge, and post-operative infection, dehiscence, and hematoma. Multivariable regression was used to compare outcomes by insurance status and race and to adjust for confounders. Results: Around 268 809 patients met inclusion criteria. Most were male (79.6%), white (54.9%), and received ORIF (46.4%). Compared to privately insured patients, uninsured patients had increased odds of undergoing ORIF (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.04-1.41]). Compared to privately insured patients, days to ORIF were significantly increased for Medicaid, Medicare, uninsured, and non-White patients (Medicaid = +0.48 days; Medicare = +0.22 days; uninsured = +1.16 days; non-White = +0.58 days; all P < .001 except Medicare). Among ORIF patients, LOS was significantly increased for Medicaid, uninsured, and non-White patients compared to privately insured patients (Medicaid = +1.17 days; uninsured = +2.14 days; non-White = +0.80; all P < .001). Medicaid incurred +$1440.56 greater admission costs compared to privately insured patients ( P < .001). Conclusions: Among adults with mandibular fractures, insurance coverage may influence the time to surgical management, odds of postoperative infection, length of stay, and cost.
Non-CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Verbraecken Johan , Dieltjens Marijke , Op de Beeck Sara , Vroegop Anneclaire , Braem Marc , Vanderveken Olivier , Randerath Winfried 
Published: October 2022

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults is evolving, from a “one treatment fits all” to a more individualised approach. The spectrum of treatment options is broad and heterogeneous, including conservative, technological and pharmaceutical modalities. This raises the questions of which patients these modalities might be useful for, and if there are specific criteria for single or combined treatment. The most commonly used non-CPAP treatment is a mandibular advancement device. Furthermore, it appears from the available evidence that upper airway surgery, bariatric surgery, and maxillomandibular advancement can be effective in particular patient groups and should be indicated more readily in clinical practice. Technically, a tracheotomy is the most effective surgical treatment, but is not socially acceptable and is associated with major side-effects. Other treatment options are emerging, like positional therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, and myofunctional exercises. Drug therapy is also promising when pathophysiological traits are considered.The range of currently available treatment options will be discussed in this review, with emphasis on the selection of appropriate patients, therapeutic efficacy and compliance, and reference to recent guidelines. In the selection process, routine application of drug-induced sleep endoscopy to assess the site(s) of collapse during sleep can increase the success rate of both surgical interventions and oral appliance therapy.Educational aimsTo outline recommendations concerning the proper management of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients that cannot be treated adequately with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) due to intolerance, poor adherence or compliance, or CPAP refusal.To provide information about the selection of appropriate patients for alternative non-CPAP treatment options.To better understand the different aspects of OSA treatment with noninvasive approaches, such as oral appliances, positional therapy, drug treatment and myofunctional therapy, including indications, contraindications, and expected short- and long-term results.To discuss the different surgical options for the treatment of OSA and to provide information on the important issue of proper patient selection for surgery, as most OSA surgical outcomes are associated with the pre-operative assessment of the level(s) of upper airway collapse.
Fabrication of manganese-coordinated polyphenol carbon dots for photothermal therapy and immune activation
Authors: Wu Yunchao , Zhu Jinqian , Li Qianzhe , Yang Mengyu , Sun Xin , Zheng Guojun , Du Fengyi , Zhang Miaomiao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is capable of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and eradicating local tumor via hyperthermia. However, it can hardly prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis owing to inadequate immune activation.

Results
To this end, manganese-coordinated polyphenol carbon dots (MP-CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and metal–polyphenol coordination. This prepared MP-CDs had ultra-small particle size of 5 nm, excellent optical performance, good dispersibility in water and favorable biocompatibility. Under 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation, the MP-CDs with high photothermal conversion efficiency could kill tumor cells and induce the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from tumor cells. Notably, the MP-CDs can promote the maturation and antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells (DCs) via manganese-mediated immune activation.

Conclusion
The present work offers a versatile strategy to integrate functional metal into CDs via metal–polyphenol coordination for photothermal/immune therapy.
Transcriptome profiling of lung immune responses potentially related to acute respiratory distress syndrome in forest musk deer
Authors: Tang Jie , Suo Lijuan , Li Feiran , Bian Kun , Yang Chao , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Forest musk deer is an endangered species globally. The death of captive forest musk deer can be caused by certain respiratory system diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a huge threat to the life of forest muck deer that breed in our department.

Methods
Lung histopathologic analysis was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The lung gene changes triggered by ARDS were examined by RNA sequencing and related bioinformatics analysis in forest musk deer. The potential functions of unigenes were investigated by NR, SwissProt KOG, GO, and KEGG annotation analyses. Vital biological processes or pathways in ARDS were examined by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.

Results
A total of 3265 unigenes were differentially expressed (|log2fold-change|> 2 and adjusted P value < 0.01) in lung tissues of 3 forest musk deer with ARDS compared with normal lung tissues of the non-ARDS group. These differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) played crucial roles in immunity and defense responses to pathogens. Moreover, we identified the DEGs related to one or more of the following biological processes: lung development, immunity, and bacterial/viral/fungal infection. And six DEGs that might be involved in lung injury caused by immune dysregulation or viral/fungal infection were identified.

Conclusion
ARDS-mediated lung gene alterations were identified in forest musk deer. Moreover, multiple genes involved in lung development and lung defense responses to bacteria/viruses/fungi in ARDS were filtered out in forest musk deer.
Multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates from lymphatic filariasis patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana
Authors: Aglomasa Bill Clinton , Adu-Asiamah Cynthia Kyerewaa , Asiedu Samuel Opoku , Kini Priscilla , Amewu Emmanuel Kobla Atsu , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Wireko Solomon , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Boakye Yaw Duah , Boamah Vivian Etsiapa , Kwarteng Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is associated with increased morbidity in secondary infections and is a global threat owning to the ubiquitous nature of resistance genes in the environment. Recent estimate put the deaths associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 at 4.95 million worldwide. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), is associated with the poor living in the tropical regions of the world. LF patients are prone to developing acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), a condition that puts them at risk of developing secondary bacterial infections due to skin peeling. ADLA particularly worsens the prognosis of patients leading to usage of antibiotics as a therapeutic intervention. This may result in inappropriate usage of antibiotics due to self-medication and non-compliance; exacerbating antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. In this perspective, we assessed the possibilities of antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. We focused on antibiotic usage, antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and looked at genes (mecA and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM]) coding for resistance in multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates.

Results
Of the sixty (60) participants, fifty-four (n = 54, 90%) were within 31–60 years of age, twenty (n = 20, 33.33%) were unemployed and thirty-eight (n = 38, 50.67%) had wounds aged seven (7) months and above. Amoxicillin (54%) and chloramphenicol (22%) were the most frequently used antibiotics for self-medication. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 26) were mostly resistant to penicillin (n = 23, 88.46%) and least resistant to erythromycin (n = 2, 7.69%). Escherichia coli isolates (n = 5) were resistant to tetracycline (n = 5, 100%) and ampicillin (n = 5, 100%) but were sensitive to meropenem (n = 5, 100%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 8) were most resistant to meropenem (n = 3, 37.50%) and to a lesser extent ciprofloxacin (n = 2, 25%), gentamicin (n = 2, 25%) and ceftazidime (n = 2, 25%). Multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were four (n = 4, 15.38%), two (n = 2, 40%) and two (n = 2, 25%) respectively. ESBL (blaCTX-M) and mecA genes were implicated in the resistance mechanism of Escherichia coli and MRSA, respectively.

Conclusion
The findings show presence of MDR isolates from LF patients presenting with chronic wounds; thus, the need to prioritize resistance of MDR bacteria into treatment strategies optimizing morbidity management protocols. This could guide antibiotic selection for treating LF patients presenting with ADLA.
Prevalence of medical factors related to aging among older car drivers: a multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive study
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Takase Ryosuke , Honda Hiroyuki , Nakano Yasuhiro , Otsuka Yuki , Kataoka Hitomi , Uno Mika , Ueda Keigo , Takahashi Misa , Ogawa Hiroko , Hanayama Yoshihisa , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
An increasing number of older adults in Japan are at an increased risk of road traffic crashes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of potential underlying medical factors that increase the risk of road traffic crashes among older people.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 11 medical institutions in Japan using self-administered questionnaires and physical examination from January to May 2021. The background and social data, data on the use of nursing care insurance, and clinical data suggestive of polypharmacy, sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, and frailty/oral frailty were obtained. The prevalence of these factors was compared between everyday and occasional drivers.

Results
Data of 127 patients were collected; their median (interquartile range) age was 73 (70–78) years. Of the total participants, 82 were men (64.6%) and 45 were women (35.4%). There were 77 everyday drivers and 50 occasional drivers. Of these, 121 (95.3%) had not applied for nursing care insurance, but the numbers of those who required help 1 and 2 were 1 (0.8%) and 3 (2.4%), respectively. Prevalence of medical factors was as follows: polypharmacy, 27.6%; sarcopenia, 8.7%; dementia, 16.4%; frailty, 15.0%; and oral frailty, 54.3%; it was not significantly different between every day and occasional drivers. Intention to return the car license was significantly higher among the occasional drivers (2.6% vs. 14.0%; odds ratio: 6.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–70.6, p = 0.024).

Conclusion
We uncovered the prevalence of medical factors that can be associated with road traffic crashes among Japanese older people aged ≥ 65 years in our community.