bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastid ribosome protein L5 is essential for post-globular embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Dupouy Gilles , McDermott Emma , Cashell Ronan , Scian Anna , McHale Marcus , Ryder Peter , de Groot Joelle , Lucca Noel , Brychkova Galina , McKeown Peter C. , Spillane Charles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) can play essential roles in plastid ribosome functioning that affect plant function and development. However, the roles of many PRPs remain unknown, including elucidation of which PRPs are essential or display redundancy. Here, we report that the nuclear-encoded PLASTID RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L5 (PRPL5) is essential for early embryo development in A. thaliana, as homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the PRPL5 gene impairs chloroplast development and leads to embryo failure to develop past the globular stage. We confirmed the prpl5 embryo-lethal phenotype by generating a mutant CRISPR/Cas9 line and by genetic complementation. As PRPL5 underwent transfer to the nuclear genome early in the evolution of Embryophyta, PRPL5 can be expected to have acquired a chloroplast transit peptide. We identify and validate the presence of an N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide, but unexpectedly also confirm the presence of a conserved and functional Nuclear Localization Signal on the protein C-terminal end. This study highlights the fundamental role of the plastid translation machinery during the early stages of embryo development in plants and raises the possibility of additional roles of plastid ribosomal proteins in the nucleus.
A new framework for rapidly assessing national adaptation policies: an application to small island developing states in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Authors: Robinson Stacy-ann , Bouton Emma , Dolan Mara , Meakem Allison , Messer Anna , Lefond Ian , Roberts J. Timmons 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdapting to climate change is becoming a routine and necessary component of planning at all levels. In the case of small island developing states (SIDS), the successful development, implementation and evaluation of national-level adaptation policies are especially important because of their disproportionate vulnerability. The status of adaptation policies in these countries, however, is poorly understood and documented, particularly for the Atlantic, Indian Oceans, Mediterranean and South China Seas (AIMS) region. This is so largely because of minimal mainstream research interest in these small nations. This paper helps fill this gap. It develops an Adaptation Policy Assessment Framework that facilitates a rapid qualitative assessment of countries’ national adaptation policies. It applies the framework to seven representative policies across six of the nine SIDS in the AIMS region—Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles and Singapore. It finds that countries are mostly successful in identifying climate and climate-related vulnerabilities and linking associated risks to other national development priorities such as poverty reduction. Countries, however, struggle with establishing and maintaining systems to review and improve adaptation interventions, which is not entirely unique to them or their circumstances. This paper’s findings provide critical points of reflection for countries preparing and revising their National Adaptation Plans in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. They also contribute to a broader understanding of the complexities of climate policy development in small jurisdictions.
Can we generate shellcodes via natural language? An empirical study
Authors: Liguori Pietro , Al-Hossami Erfan , Cotroneo Domenico , Natella Roberto , Cukic Bojan , Shaikh Samira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWriting software exploits is an important practice for offensive security analysts to investigate and prevent attacks. In particular, shellcodes are especially time-consuming and a technical challenge, as they are written in assembly language. In this work, we address the task of automatically generating shellcodes, starting purely from descriptions in natural language, by proposing an approach based on Neural Machine Translation (NMT). We then present an empirical study using a novel dataset (Shellcode_IA32), which consists of 3200 assembly code snippets of real Linux/x86 shellcodes from public databases, annotated using natural language. Moreover, we propose novel metrics to evaluate the accuracy of NMT at generating shellcodes. The empirical analysis shows that NMT can generate assembly code snippets from the natural language with high accuracy and that in many cases can generate entire shellcodes with no errors.
Ontogenetic allometry underlies trophic diversity in sea turtles (Chelonioidea)
Authors: Chatterji Ray M. , Hipsley Christy A. , Sherratt Emma , Hutchinson Mark N. , Jones Marc E. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite only comprising seven species, extant sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) display great ecological diversity, with most species inhabiting a unique dietary niche as adults. This adult diversity is remarkable given that all species share the same dietary niche as juveniles. These ontogenetic shifts in diet, as well as a dramatic increase in body size, make sea turtles an excellent group to examine how morphological diversity arises by allometric processes and life habit specialisation. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we characterise ontogenetic allometry in the skulls of all seven species and evaluate variation in the context of phylogenetic history and diet. Among the sample, the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) has a seemingly average sea turtle skull shape and generalised diet, whereas the green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) show different extremes of snout shape associated with their modes of food gathering (grazing vs. grasping, respectively). Our ontogenetic findings corroborate previous suggestions that the skull of the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) is paedomorphic, having similar skull proportions to hatchlings of other sea turtle species and retaining a hatchling-like diet of relatively soft bodied organisms. The flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) shows a similar but less extreme pattern. By contrast, the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) shows a peramorphic signal associated with increased jaw muscle volumes that allow predation on hard shelled prey. The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) has a peramorphic skull shape compared to its sister species the olive ridley, and a diet that includes harder prey items such as crabs. We suggest that diet may be a significant factor in driving skull shape differences among species. Although the small number of species limits statistical power, differences among skull shape, size, and diet are consistent with the hypothesis that shifts in allometric trajectory facilitated diversification in skull shape as observed in an increasing number of vertebrate groups.
Meritocracy and the inheritance of advantage
Authors: Comerford David , Rodríguez Mora José V. , Watts Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a model where more accurate information on the background of individuals facilitates statistical discrimination, increasing inequality and intergenerational persistence in income. Surprisingly, more accurate information on the actual capabilities of workers leads to the same result—firms give increased weight to the more accurate information, increasing inequality, which itself fosters discrimination. The rich take advantage of this through educational investments in their children, and mobility decreases as a consequence of an increase in the ability to reward talent. Using our model to interpret the data suggests that a country like the US might indeed be a land of opportunity for the sufficiently able, as conditional on ability background may have relatively little effect. Nevertheless the US has a relatively low degree of intergenerational mobility precisely because meritocracy facilitates a high correlation of ability with background.
Robust color image watermarking using multi-core Raspberry pi cluster
Authors: Hosny Khalid M. , Magdi Amal , Lashin Nabil A. , El-Komy Osama , Salah Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImage authentication approaches have gotten a lot of interest recently as a way to safeguard transmitted images. Watermarking is one of the many ways used to protect transmitted images. Watermarking systems are pc-based that have limited portability that is difficult to use in harsh environments as military use. We employ embedded devices like Raspberry Pi to get around the PC’s mobility limitations. Digital image watermarking technology is used to secure and ensure digital images’ copyright by embedding hidden information that proves its copyright. In this article, the color images Parallel Robust watermarking algorithm using Quaternion Legendre-Fourier Moment (QLFM) in polar coordinates is implemented on Raspberry Pi (RPi) platform with parallel computing and C++ programming language. In the host image, a binary Arnold scrambled image is embedded. Watermarking algorithm is implemented and tested on Raspberry Pi model 4B. We can combine many Raspberry Pi’s into a ‘cluster’ (many computers working together as one) for high-performance computation. Message Passing Interface (MPI) and OpenMP for parallel programming to accelerate the execution time for the color image watermarking algorithm implemented on the Raspberry Pi cluster.
Capturing what matters: updating NICE methods guidance on measuring and valuing health
Authors: Dawoud Dalia , Lamb Alan , Moore Alan , Bregman Caroline , Rupniewska Ewa , Paling Thomas , Wolfram Verena , Lovett Rosemary E. S. , Dent Ross 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn July 2019, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) initiated a major review of its health technology evaluation methods to update its methods guide. This update has recently concluded with the publication of its health technology evaluation manual in January 2022. This paper reports the methods and findings of the review in relation to the recommended approach to use for the measurement and valuation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in submissions to NICE. Issues related to (i) the methods to use when NICE’s preferred measure (EQ-5D) is not appropriate or not available; (ii) adjusting health state utility values over time to account for age; (iii) measuring and valuing HRQoL in children and young people; and (iv) including carers’ QoL in economic evaluations were included in this review. This commentary summarises the methods used to undertake the review, its findings, and the changes to NICE methods that were proposed based on these findings. It also outlines topics where further research is needed before definitive methods guidance can be issued. The broad proposals described here were subject to a public consultation in 2020 and a further consultation on the updated methods guidance was completed in October 2021 before the publication of the manual in January 2022.
Local Beta: Has Local Real Estate Market Risk Been Priced in REIT Returns?
Authors: Zhu Bing , Lizieri Colin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the pricing of the risk associated with the location of the assets. The local real estate market risk is measured by ‘local beta’, which combines the systematic risk of local property markets and the property allocation strategy of real estate firms. The empirical results confirm a higher equity return for a firm with higher exposure to the most volatile property markets, particularly for REITs which are more geographically concentrated. For REITs with highly diversified assets, local real estate risks are not reflected in REIT returns. For those REITs with most concentrated assets, a one standard deviation increase in the local beta will lead to a 4.7% increase in the annual return. Investors can use REITs’ local real estate risk as an information tool to construct a long-short investment portfolio of real estate firms and can achieve a significant non-market performance of 4.9% per annum.
The effects of replacement of berseem hay in total mixed rations with date palm leaves ensiled with malic or lactic acids at different levels on the nutritive value, ruminal in vitro biogas production and fermentation
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Gouda Gouda A. , Morsy Tarek A. , Patra Amlan K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable utilization of date palm leaves (DPL) and rice straw (RS) as feed materials for ruminants using an in vitro wireless gas production (GP) technique. Date palm leaves and RS were individually ensiled with lactic or malic acids at 5 g/kg DM for 45 days. In a total mixed ration containing concentrate feed mixture, vegetable/fruits byproducts, untreated RS, and berseem hay (control ration), untreated RS was completely replaced with treated RS (ensiled without additives or with lactic or malic acids) whereas berseem hay was replaced with DPL (ensiled without additives or with lactic or malic acid) at 25, 50, 75, and 100% levels. Significant treatment × replacement level interactions were observed (P < 0.01) for most measured parameters of gas, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) productions, and degradability and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Replacing berseem hay with increasing levels of lactic or malic acid-treated DPL gradually decreased (P < 0.01) the asymptotic total gas and CH4 and CO2 productions, and malic acid-treated DPL decreased the rates of total gas, CH4 and CO2 productions, and the lag time of total GP. Moreover, lactic acid-treated DPL linearly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of total VFA and acetate. Malic acid-treated DPL did not affect the measured ruminal fermentation parameters. Compared with the malate-treated DPL, lactate-treated DPL increased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber degradability, total VFA and acetate concentrations, and decreased CH4 production. In conclusion, replacing berseem hay with malic or lactic acids improved ruminal fermentation and decreased CH4 and CO2 productions, which can be considered as a sustainable strategy for cleaner ruminant production. Lactic acid treatment of DPL may result in better ruminal fermentation characteristics than the malic acid treatment of DPL.
Graphical abstract
Bridging the empathy gap: or not? Reactions to ingroup and outgroup facial expressions
Authors: Hess Ursula , Rychlowska Magdalena , Storz Tobias , Blaison Christophe , Fischer Agneta , Krumhuber Eva G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrior research suggests that group membership impacts behavioral and self-reported responses to others’ facial expressions of emotion. In this paper, we examine how the mere labelling of a face as an ingroup or outgroup member affects facial mimicry (Study 1) and judgments of genuineness (Study 2). In addition, we test whether the effects of group membership on facial mimicry and perceived genuineness are moderated by the presence of tears (Study 1) and the motivation to cooperate (Study 2). Results from both studies revealed group-specific biases in facial mimicry and judgments of genuineness. However, introducing cooperative goals abolished differences in judgments of genuineness of facial expressions displayed by ingroup and outgroup members. Together, the findings provide insights into how intergroup biases in emotion perception operate and how they can be reduced by introducing cooperative goals.
Geometry and Ergodic Theory of Parabolic Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Xuan Zuxing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLetfbe a parabolic transcendental meromorphic function with positive and finite order$$\rho$$ρand its derivative satisfies some growth conditions. In this paper, we show the existence of conformal measures and use this basic tool to illustrate both geometrical and dynamical features of the radial Julia set. We also characterize the conformal measures supported on radial Julia sets.
Deep Learning for Efficient Microseismic Location Using Source Migration‐Based Imaging
Authors: Zhang Qingshan , Zhang Wei , Wu Xinming , Zhang Jie , Kuang Wenhuan , Si Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMigration‐based location methods (e.g., time‐reverse imaging based on wave equation, Kirchhoff summation, and diffraction stacking) can effectively locate events of low signal‐to‐noise ratios by stacking waveforms from many receivers. The methods have been widely applied for surface microseismic monitoring. However, these methods may not produce accurate results if there are polarity reversals in the surface records for a double‐couple or even a general moment tensor event. Various imaging conditions have been developed to solve the non‐focus image problem for a non‐explosive source. Here, we propose a deep convolutional neural network to predict a better‐focused image from a regular migration image that contains a quasi‐symmetric pattern in both space and time. To train the network, we first simulate a large number of surface records from sources with various locations and mechanisms. We then compute diffraction stacking images from the records and take the images as the input to the network. We define the corresponding training labels as images (with the same size as the input) with Gaussian distributions centered at the true sources. This network, trained by only synthetic datasets, works well in field data to detect source locations from images for unknown events. Both synthetic tests and field data applications demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve diffraction stacking images for efficient microseismic location.
Assembly and Tectonic Evolution of Continental Lower Crust: Monazite Petrochronology of the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone (Val Strona di Omegna)
Authors: Wyatt Damaris C. , Smye Andrew J. , Garber Joshua M. , Hacker Bradley R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetasediments are common constituents of exhumed lower‐to‐mid‐crustal granulite terranes; understanding their emplacement is significant for the assembly and tectonic evolution of deep continental crust. Here, we report a monazite U‐Th‐Pb petrochronological investigation of the Variscan Ivrea‐Verbano Zone (IVZ) (Val Strona di Omegna section)—an archetypal section of lower crust. Monazite Th‐Pb dates from 11 metapelitic samples decrease with structural depth from 310 to 285 Ma for amphibolite‐facies samples to <290 Ma for granulite‐facies samples. These dates exhibit a time‐resolved variation in monazite trace‐element composition, dominated by the effects of plagioclase and garnet partitioning. Monazite growth under prograde to peak metamorphic conditions began as early as 316 ± 2 Ma. Amphibolite‐facies monazite defines a trend consistent with progressively decreasing garnet modal abundances during decompression and cooling starting at ∼310 Ma; the timing of the onset of exhumation decreases to ∼290 Ma at the base of the amphibolite‐facies portion of the section. Structurally lower, granulite‐facies monazite equilibrated under garnet‐present pressure‐temperature conditions at <290 Ma, with monazite (re)crystallization persisting until at least ∼260 Ma. Combined with existing detrital zircon U‐Pb dates, the monazite data define a <30 Myr duration between deposition of clastic sediments and their burial and heating, potentially to peak amphibolite‐to‐granulite‐facies conditions. Similarly brief timescales for deposition, burial and prograde metamorphism of lower crustal sediments have been reported from continental magmatic arc terranes—supporting the interpretation that the IVZ represents sediments accreted to the base of a Variscan arc magmatic system >5 Myr prior to the onset of regional extension and mafic magmatism.
Continental Break‐Up Under a Convergent Setting: Insights From P Wave Radial Anisotropy Tomography of the Woodlark Rift in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Yu Youqiang , Tilmann Frederik , Zhao Dapeng , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo explore the dynamic mechanism of continental rifting within a convergent setting, we determine the first P wave radial anisotropic tomography beneath the Woodlark rift in southeastern Papua New Guinea, which develops within the obliquely colliding zone between the Australian and southwest Pacific plates. The rift zone is depicted as localized low‐velocity anomalies with positive radial anisotropy, which rules out a dominant role of active mantle upwelling in promoting the rift development and favors passive rifting with decompression melting as main processes. Downwelling slab relics in the upper mantle bounding the rift zone are revealed based on observed high‐velocity anomalies and negative radial anisotropy, which may contribute to the ultra‐high pressure rock exhumations and rift initiation. Our observations thus indicate that the Woodlark rift follows a passive model and is mainly driven by slab pull from the northward subduction of the Solomon plate.
Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 467 inhibition elevates microRNA-27b-3p to repress malignant behaviors of gastric cancer cells via reducing STAT3
Authors: Lu Mingdian , Liu Dong , Li Yongxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical effects on tumorigenesis of multiple malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). We aim to explore the effects of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 467 (LINC00467) and miR-27b-3p on GC. GC cells were initially cultured. LINC00467, miR-27b-3p, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression in GC were detected. The altered LINC00467 and/or miR-27b-3p were transfected into screened cells. Then, the biological activities of GC cells and the tumor growth in vivo were examined. The binding relationships among LINC00467, miR-27b-3p, and STAT3 were confirmed. It was indicated that LINC00467 was increased while miR-27b-3p was decreased in GC tissues and cells. Inhibition of LINC00467 hindered GC cell malignancy and blocked tumor development by upregulating miR-27b-3p. LINC00467 sponged miR-27b-3p and STAT3 was targeted by miR-27b-3p. It was discovered that LINC00467 reduction upregulates miR-27b-3p to repress malignant GC cell growth via inhibiting STAT3. This research may deepen the insight of molecular mechanisms on GC.
A Fitts' law evaluation and comparison for human and manipulator on touch task
Authors: Guo Xinwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the near future, robots are believed to be assistants and collaborators for mankind, and robots will operate the same user interfaces with humans. Therefore, a question naturally arises whether an interface originally designed for humans is also suitable for an ordinary robot. The question is explored and discussed by considering the kinematic difference between those of humans and ordinary robots in their natural operation ways on user interface. Methodologically, Fitts' law and several motor‐related factors, such as touch accuracy, tapping efficiency, etc, are used as the evaluation principles in operations. The operation difference between humans and robot on a classic pointing task on 2D touch screen is symmetrically analysed and compared. It was found that whether the robot could finish the tasks largely related to the ratio of robot's max touch error and target width. It is believed the exploration in this work provides valuable cues for future design of user interface and intelligent algorithm in human–robot collaboration.