bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal outcome of isolated patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Haschemi Jafer , Haurand Jean Marc , Oehler Daniel , Westenfeld Ralf , Kelm Malte , Horn Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Isolation of patients in single-patient rooms for infection control precautions is a daily practice to reduce the propagation of various infectious agents. Isolation of patients leads to less contact with medical staff. Our objective was to assess whether isolated patients who suffer an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have lower survival to hospital discharge as non-isolated IHCA patients.Methods: A single-center, observational study was performed including adult patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest. We screened for IHCA occurrence and the isolation state in 75,987 patients that had been hospitalized from 2016 to 2019 at the internal medicine or neurology departments at the university hospital. Primary endpoint was survival to discharge. Neurological outcome was assessed at discharge using the cerebral performance category scale. Results: In five consecutive years, 4,249 out of 75,987 patients (5.6%) had to be isolated for infection control precautions. In-hospital cardiac arrest occurred in 32 (0.8%) of these isolated patients and in 410 out of 71,738 non-isolated patients (0.6%) (p=0.130). Propensity score matching yielded 30 isolated and 30 non-isolated patients who suffered an IHCA, without a difference in baseline characteristics, IHCA etiology, and characteristics of cardiac arrests between the groups. Only one out of 30 isolated patients (3.3%) survived to discharge after IHCA compared to 11 non-isolated patients (36.6%) (risk difference, 33.3% [95% CI, 14.9%–51.7%]. None of the 30 isolated patients were discharged with good neurological outcomes compared to nine out of 30 non-isolated IHCA patients (30%) (risk difference, 30% [95% CI, 13.6%–46.4%]). In the multivariate analysis, patient isolation was an independent predictor of poor survival after IHCA (OR, 18.99; 95% CI, 2.467–133.743). Conclusions: Isolation of patients for infection control precautions is associated with considerable poorer survival and neurological outcome in case these patients are suffering an IHCA.
Association of tourniquet utilization with blood loss, pain, rehabilitation, and complications patients with hypertension undergoing TKA—A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Guo Feng , Song Bing , Zhang Liping , Zhang Yaohua , Xie Huanxin , Zhang Hongyue , Yang Huaqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The primary aim was to compare the effects of different tourniquet application methods during the TKA surgery of patients with hypertension and determine the best technique of using a tourniquet.Methods: A total of 100 patients were divided into three groups. Patients in group A who underwent TKA with tourniquet using before skin incision, and released after the skin was closed, and patients in group B with tourniquet using before the knee prosthesis was placed, and leased after the skin was closed. Patients in group C with tourniquet use before placing knee prosthesis, the tourniquet was leased after bone cement solidified. The following medical outcomes of the three groups were monitored and recorded: the operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, postoperative complication, the amount of hidden blood loss, total blood loss, blood transfusion, swelling rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the knee society score (KSS).Results: The intraoperative blood loss in Group A was significantly low than that in Group B and Group C(P<0.05). In terms of hidden blood loss, total blood loss and blood transfusion, the difference among the three groups was statistically significant which Group A was higher than group B and group C(P< 0.05); No significant differences were observed between Group A, Group B and Group C when we compared operation time. The swelling rate and VAS score in group A 3 days after operation was significantly higher than that of group B and group C (P<0.05); KSS score three weeks after operation in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and group C(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in KSS scores between the three groups one year after operation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Tourniquets could be used before placing the cement knee prosthesis, and loosened after the suture is completed and the pressure bandage is applied, which can obviously improve the intraoperative blood loss and the short-term postoperative functional effect of the patient, with fewer postoperative complications, but the long-term clinical effect needs further observation.
Teachers and Students’ Beliefs about Using L1 (Afaan Oromoo) in the EFL Classroom: the Case of Shambu Primary School, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Bane Gemechu , Kitila Tamene 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There have always been contradicting views about whether or not to use the L1 of the students in the EFL classroom. While some researchers claim that the L1 should not be used in L2 classrooms, others think that it makes a valuable contribution to the learning process. Thus, the present study sought to explore the teachers' and students’ beliefs about the use of L1 in the context of ongoing debate among researchers and practitioners on whether or not to use the L1 (Afaan Oromoo) in the EFL classroom. Two English teachers and forty-one students of grade seven in Shambu primary school were involved in the study. In this study, data collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were analyzed. The results revealed that both teachers and students had positive beliefs about the use of L1 in the English teaching-learning process. The findings showed that the teachers’ use of the students’ L1 in vocabulary and grammar lessons, in particular, facilitates the students’ English language learning. The findings depicted that students prefer to use L1 in the English learning process because they have a better understanding, have a secure feeling in expressing their ideas, and master grammar points. Furthermore, the result of the study also indicated that both teachers and students perceive the necessity of judicious use of L1 to facilitate the teaching and learning of the English language.
Proton Irradiation of SiPM arrays for POLAR-2
Authors: Mianowski Slawomir , De Angelis Nicolas , Hulsman Johannes , Kole Merlin , Kowalski Tomasz , Kusyk Sebastian , Li Hancheng , Mianowska Zuzanna , Mietelski Jerzy , Pollo Agniezska , Rybka Dominik , Sun Jianchao , Swakon Jan , Wróbel Damian , Wu Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
POLAR-2 is a space-borne polarimeter, built to investigate the polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts and help elucidate their mechanisms. The instrument is targeted for launch in 2024 or 2025 aboard the China Space Station and is being developed by a collaboration between institutes from Switzerland, Germany, Poland and China. The instrument will orbit at an altitude of approximately 300 km with an inclination of 42o and will be subjected to background radiation from cosmic rays and solar events. It is therefore pertinent to better understand the performance of sensitive devices under space-like conditions. Proton Irradiation of SiPM arrays for POLAR-2 In this paper we focus on the radiation damage of the silicon photo-multiplier arrays S13361-6075NE-04 and S14161-6050HS-04 from Hama-matsu. The S13361 are irradiated with 58 MeV protons at several doses up to 4.96 Gy, whereas the newer series S14161 are irradiated at doses of 0.254 Gy and 2.31 Gy. Their respective performance degradation due to radiation damage are discussed. The equivalent exposure time in space for silicon photomultipliers inside POLAR-2 with a dose of 4.96 Gy is 78.1 years (or 5.04 years when disregarding the shielding from the instrument). Primary characteristics of the I-V curves are an increase in the dark current and dark counts, mostly through cross-talk events. Annealing processes at 25C were observed but not studied in further detail. Biasing channels while being irradiated have not resulted in any significant impact. Activation analyses showed a dominant contribution of β + particles around 511 keV. These resulted primarily from copper and carbon, mostly with decay times shorter than the orbital period.
Modifiable risk factors for Hepatitis C virus coinfection among HIV-positive men who have sex men at Île-de-France: need for innovative harm reduction micro-elimination strategies (ANRS 9520 DRIVER)
Authors: Duracinsky Martin , Dimi Svetlane , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Yaya Issifou , Timsit Julie , Eric Farfour , Fouéré Sebastien , Chassany Olivier , Zucman David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the last decade, prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection has increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to assess the prevalence of HCV coinfection in HIV-positive MSM and identify associated factors in Île-de-France
Method
This was a multicentric study conducted among HIV-positive MSM seen at least once between 2015 and 2017 HIV clinics of Ile-de-France. Clinical data using CRF, sociodemographic and behavioral data including sexual practices using self-administered questionnaire were collected. All the participants were screened for viral hepatitis including HCV infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HCV co-infection
Result
In this study, 781 HIV-positive MSM were included with a mean age of 46.76 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 10.94) and the mean time since HIV diagnosis was 13.93 ± 9.43 years. Of them, 77 participants were infected with HCV with a prevalence of 9.9%; (95% confidence intervals (CI) 7.9% – 12.2%). In multivariable analysis, after adjustment for time since HIV diagnosis and history of anal proctitis, history of GHB (aOR 3.53 [95%CI] [1.89;6.58], p < 0.001) or amphetamine (4.72 [2.05;10.85], p < 0.001) consumption, active syphilis infection (3.22 [1.08;9.54], p = 0.035), sensation seeking behavior (“My sexual partners must think that I’m a risk taker” (1.90 [1.04;3.48], p = 0.037)) and risk behavior at sexual intercourses in group ([2.01 [1.05;3.82], p = 0.034) were shown to have significant effect on HCV acquisition.
Conclusion:
This showed high prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-positive MSM in Île-de-France, suggesting the need for not only systematic screening for HCV, but also for a HCV micro-elimination among this vulnerable subgroup.
Factors Associated with Severe Covid-19 Despite Vaccination: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vo Austin D. , La Jennifer , Wu Julie T. Y. , Strymish Judith M. , Ronan Matthew , Brophy Mary , Do Nhan V. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Fillmore Nathanael , Monach Paul A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Importance: With a large proportion of the US adult population vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify who remains at risk of severe disease in the event of infection.Objective: To characterize risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in a vaccinated population.Design: Nationwide, retrospective cohort study.Setting: US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospitals.Participants: US Veteran patients who received a COVID-19 vaccination series and later developed a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.Exposures: Demographics, comorbidities, immunocompromised states, and vaccination-related variables.Main Outcome and Measures: Development of severe versus non-severe COVID-19 disease. Severe disease was defined as hospitalization within 14 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test and either SpO2 < 94%, receipt of supplemental oxygen or dexamethasone, mechanical ventilation, or death within 28 days.Results: Among 110,760 patients with breakthrough infections, 10,612 (9.6%) had severe COVID-19 or died within 28 days of the COVID-19 diagnosis. The strongest risk factor for severe disease despite vaccination was age, which increased with every 5-year increase in age > 50 (approximate adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.5). Risk among patients ≥ 80 years old was particularly high (aOR 16.1, CI 13.1 – 19.9, relative to patients 45-50 years old. Immunocompromising conditions, including receipt of different classes of immunosuppressive medications (aORs 1.73 – 2.44, CIs 1.37 – 2.99) or cytotoxic chemotherapy (aOR 2.69, CI 2.25 – 3.21) prior to breakthrough infection, or leukemias/lymphomas (aOR 1.84, CI 1.59 – 2.14) and chronic conditions associated with end-organ disease, such as heart failure, dementia, and chronic kidney disease, were also associated with increased risk. Receipt of an additional (booster) dose of vaccine was associated with reduced odds of severe disease.Conclusions and Relevance: In this nationwide, retrospective cohort of US Veterans, we identified risk factors for severe disease despite vaccination. Findings could be used to inform outreach efforts for booster vaccinations and to inform clinical decision making about identifying patients who might benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiviral therapy.
How does the quantum structure of electromagnetic waves describe quantum redshift?
Authors: Kalhor Bahram 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Redshift of the electromagnetic waves is a powerful tool for calculating the distance of the objects in space and studying their behavior. However, physicists' misinterpretation of why Redshift occurs has led us to a misunderstanding of the most cosmological phenomena. The paper introduces Quantum Redshift (QR) by using the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves (QSEW) In the Quantum Redshift, although the Planck constant is the smallest unit of three-dimensional energy, it is consisting of smaller units of one-dimensional energy. The maximum energy of each period of the electromagnetic waves is equal to the Planck constant hence, the capacity of each period is carrying one-dimensional quanta energy. However, in the QR, at the emitting time of the electromagnetic waves, their periods are not fully filled. On the other hand, they are interested in sharing quanta energies with each other to have fully filled periods. Sharing the quanta energies ofا some periods between other periods is the reason for destroying some periods and decreasing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Our other studies show Quantum Redshift can well explain the whole phenomenon of the universe, and real data support our theory. The quantum redshift rejects the big bang theory, expansion of space and dark energy. It predicts dark matters and describes CMB. The paper obtains the basic equation of the QR for use in future papers.
Sub-daily rainfall extremes in the Nordic–Baltic region
Authors: Olsson Jonas , Dyrrdal Anita Verpe , Médus Erika , Södling Johan , Aņiskeviča Svetlana , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten , Førland Eirik , Mačiulytė Viktorija , Mäkelä Antti , Post Piia , Thorndahl Søren Liedke , Wern Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShort-duration rainfall extremes are associated with a range of societal hazards, notably pluvial flooding but in addition, e.g., erosion-driven nutrient transport and point-source contamination. Fundamental for all analysis, modelling and risk assessment related to short-duration rainfall extremes is the access to and analysis of high-resolution observations. In this study, sub-daily rainfall observations from 543 meteorological stations in the Nordic–Baltic region were collected, quality-controlled and consistently analyzed in terms of records, return levels, geographical and climatic dependencies, time of occurrence of maxima and trends. The results reflect the highly heterogeneous rainfall climate in the region, with longitudinal and latitudinal gradients as well as local variability, and overall agree with previous national investigations. Trend analyses in Norway and Denmark indicated predominantly positive trends in the period 1980–2018, in line with previous investigations. Gridded data sets with estimated return levels and dates of occurrence (of annual maxima) are provided open access. We encourage further efforts towards international exchange of sub-daily rainfall observations as well as consistent regional analyses in order to attain the best possible knowledge on which rainfall extremes are to be expected in present as well as future climates.
Dynamics of mangrove forest distribution changes in Iran
Authors: Ghayoumi Razieh , Ebrahimi Elham , Mousavi Seyed Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMangroves are known for providing multiple ecosystem services and critical habitats for diverse species and are one of the most threatened ecosystems by human activities and climate change. However, little is known about their distributional patterns. In this study, the distribution of the dominant species, Avicennia marina was examined in the context of climate change to identify conservation priority objectives at the spatial and temporal scales on the southern coast of Iran. A maximum entropy model was used to predict the potential distribution of the mangrove forest in the current situation and forecast its future (2070: RCP 8.5, CCSM4). The result revealed that the potential distribution for the mangroves will decrease in the future and probably two habitat patches remain, one patch in the middle of the coasts of the Persian Gulf and another patch in the middle of the coasts of the Oman Sea. Annual mean temperature, temperature annual range, and annual precipitation were the most important determinants of the mangrove distribution. The findings can be used as a theoretical basis to manage and protect the habitat of mangroves in Iran.
Climate change impacts on the shrinkage of Lake Urmia
Authors: Radmanesh Feridon , Esmaeili-Gisavandani Hassan , Lotfirad Morteza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of climate change on the water level and shrinkage of Lake Urmia. To achieve this, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm was used to select the top 10 general circulation models (GCMs) among 23 CMIP5 GCMs in the baseline period (1951–2005). Based on the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) method, 10 GCMs were combined and their uncertainties were quantified. Also, the future period (2028–2079) data were generated by using the LARS-WG model. According to the results, the temperature increased in all seasons of the future period. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, the precipitation decreases by 10.4 and 27.8% in spring and autumn, respectively, while it increases by 18.2 and 3.4% in summer and winter, respectively. Moreover, the RCP8.5 scenario lowers the precipitation by 11.4, 22.7, and 4.8% in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively, while it rises by 26.5% in summer. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used to calculate the short-, medium- and long-term meteorological droughts of the baseline and future periods. The occurrence number and peaks of droughts increase, while their durations decrease, in the future period. In general, the SPEI has a robust relationship than the SPI with changes in the water level of Lake Urmia.
Fate and emission of methyl mercaptan in a full-scale MBBR process by TOXCHEM simulation
Authors: Faris Ahmed M. , Nile Basim K. , Mussa Zainab H. , Alesary Hasan F. , Al Juboury Maad F. , Hassan Waqed H. , Al-Bahrani Hussein A. , Barton Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The emission and fate of methyl mercaptan from the residential complex treatment plant (RCTP) moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) process in the city of Al-Hur in Karbala governorate in Iraq were studied using the TOXCHEM 4.1 model. The release of odorous sulfur compounds from treatment plants harms workers and the surrounding area. Methyl mercaptan, in particular, is responsible for odors similar to rotten cabbage. The sensitivity analysis for the methyl compounds in the MBBR system was conducted based on the following factors: a large thick biofilm layer, the specific surface area of media, media fill fraction, and aeration flowrate. The model was validated via RMSE and R, which showed the model outputs are representatives of real-world observations. Degradation and emission were shown to be the two most important processes in the system. During the summer (32 °C) and winter (12 °C), about 13 and 10%, 2 and 4%, 0.5 and 1%, and 85 and 85% were emitted into the atmosphere, discharged with effluent, sorbed into sludge, and biodegraded, respectively. The overall concentrations of CH4S emitted in summer and winter were 1.78 and 1.38 ppm, respectively. Operating the MBBR system with a thick biofilm layer, a large specific surface area of media, a greater media fill fraction, and a low aeration rate contributed significantly to the decomposition of methyl mercaptan and thus decreased emission into the atmosphere. Finally, the TOXCHEM simulation accurately predicts the fate of CH4S and the emissions inherent to the MBBR system. The manipulation of the operating factors led to the improvement of the system and the reduction of methyl mercaptan gas emissions without the need to add units and chemical additives.
Grid-quantification study on the effect of rapid urbanization on hydrological processes
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhao Chenchen , Wang Jingyi , Liu Chengshuai , Sun Yue , Soomro Shan-e-hyder , Hu Caihong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hydrological processes such as evaporation, infiltration, and runoff are affected not only by natural climate change but also by land cover and soil conditions. The impact of urbanization on the key elements of the hydrological process is worth studying in the context of rapid urbanization. This paper combines the soil-land use index grid and the GSSHA model to quantitatively study the impact of land use on urban hydrological processes under the background of the changing urbanization stage. The results show that with the increase in land development and utilization activities, the hydrological process will transform. When grassland and woodland are converted to construction land, the changes in runoff, infiltration, and evaporation are the largest. The runoff depth increased by 0.94 × 10−1 ∼ 2.42 × 10−1 mm/km2, infiltration depth decreased by 0.80 × 10−1 ∼ 2.18 × 10−1 mm/km2, and evaporation decreased by 0.14 × 10−1 ∼ 0.28 × 10−1 mm/km2. In the transition from forest land to grassland, from cultivated land to forest land, and from cultivated land to grassland, the increase of infiltration contributed over 80% to the decrease of runoff process. This provides a scientific basis for future urban planning and sponge city construction.