bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How progress evaluations are used in postgraduate education with longitudinal supervisor-trainee relationships: a mixed method study
Authors: Westein Marnix P. D. , Koster A. S. , Daelmans H. E. M. , Bouvy M. L. , Kusurkar R. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe combination of measuring performance and giving feedback creates tension between formative and summative purposes of progress evaluations and can be challenging for supervisors. There are conflicting perspectives and evidence on the effects supervisor-trainee relationships have on assessing performance. The aim of this study was to learn how progress evaluations are used in postgraduate education with longitudinal supervisor-trainee relationships. Progress evaluations in a two-year community-pharmacy specialization program were studied with a mixed-method approach. An adapted version of the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) framework was used. Validity of the performance evaluation scores of 342 trainees was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Semi-structured interviews were held with fifteen supervisors to investigate their response processes, the utility of the progress evaluations, and the influence of supervisor-trainee relationships. Time and CanMEDS roles affected the three-monthly progress evaluation scores. Interviews revealed that supervisors varied in their response processes. They were more committed to stimulating development than to scoring actual performance. Progress evaluations were utilized to discuss and give feedback on trainee development and to add structure to the learning process. A positive supervisor-trainee relationship was seen as the foundation for feedback and supervisors preferred the roles of educator, mentor, and coach over the role of assessor. We found that progress evaluations are a good method for directing feedback in longitudinal supervisor-trainee relationships. The reliability of scoring performance was low. We recommend progress evaluations to be independent of formal assessments in order to minimize roles-conflicts of supervisors.
Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescent HIV Prevention and Treatment Research in the AHISA Network
Authors: Lowenthal Elizabeth D. , DeLong Stephanie M. , Zanoni Brian , Njuguna Irene , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Dow Dorothy , Shayo Aisa , Schreibman Alana , Ahmed Charisse V. , Chapman Jennifer , Chen Lydia , Mehta Shreya , Mbizvo Michael T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMembers of the Adolescent HIV Prevention and Treatment Implementation Science Alliance (AHISA) network conduct research aiming to close gaps between what is known to be impactful across the HIV prevention and treatment cascade, and services delivered to optimize outcomes for adolescents/young adults (AYA) in high HIV-prevalence settings. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new challenges which threaten to exacerbate care and access disparities. We report results of a survey among AHISA teams with active AYA HIV research programs in African countries to determine how the pandemic has impacted their efforts. Results highlighted the detrimental impact of the pandemic on research efforts and the expanded need for implementation research to help provide evidence-based, context-specific pandemic recovery support. Key lessons learned included the viability of remote service delivery strategies and other innovations, the need for adaptive systems that respond to evolving contextual needs, and the need for organized documentation plans, within empathic and flexible environments.
Some game theoretic marketing attribution models
Authors: Molina Elisenda , Tejada Juan , Weiss Tom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyse two game theoretic approaches to design attribution mechanisms for multi-channel marketing campaigns. Both approaches are based on a key performance index function that provides the benefit obtained in each of the observed paths to conversion. The first approach considers the problem as a cooperative transferable utility game, and the proposed attribution mechanisms are based on the Shapley value. The second approach models the problem as a bankruptcy problem and the proposed attribution mechanism is based on the constrained equal-losses rule. We also extend the above approaches to deal with the cases in which the position or the repetition of the channels on the paths to conversion are taken into account.
Modified Lévy flight distribution algorithm for global optimization and parameters estimation of modified three-diode photovoltaic model
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Hassan Mohamed H. , Kamel Salah , Hussain Kashif , Hashim Fatma A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany real-world problems demand optimization, minimization of costs and maximization of profits, and meta-heuristic algorithms have proficiently proved their ability to achieve optimum results. This study proposes an alternative algorithm of Lévy Flight Distribution (LFD) by integrating Opposition-based learning (OBL) operator, termed LFD-OBL, for resolving intrinsic drawbacks of the canonical LFD. The proposed approach adopts OBL operator for catering search stagnancy to ensure faster convergence rate. We validate the usefulness of our approach through IEEE CEC’20 test suite, and compare results with original LFD and several other counterparts such as Moth-flame optimization, whale optimization algorithm, grasshopper optimisation algorithm, thermal exchange optimization, sine-cosine algorithm, artificial ecosystem-based optimization, Henry gas solubility optimization, and Harris’ hawks optimization. To further validate the efficiency of LFD-OBL, we apply it on parameters optimization of Solar Cell based on the Three-Diode Photovoltaic model. The qualitative and quantitative results of all the experiments performed in this study suggest superiority of the proposed method.
Rising of a global silent killer: critical analysis of chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) worldwide and mitigation steps
Authors: Priyadarshani Watte Vidanelage Dinesha , de Namor Angela F. Danil , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) is an advanced version of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which bears a high burden on the world health economy. More than 200 articles were analysed to understand the disease responsible for more than 30,000 deaths per year. CKDu is a non-communicable occupational disease that has a progressive deterioration of the kidney in the absence of CKD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and glomerulonephritis, while the diagnosis is only possible at the later stages when kidney function is no longer effective. Published evidence for the existence of CKDu was found for around 35 countries. This is a growing health issue in Asia, Central America, Africa and Middle East with identified hot spots. Despite many research studies over decades, the exact root causes are still uncertain. Six main suspected causative factors are identified. Those are heat stress, strenuous labour, dehydration, use of agrochemicals, exposure to heavy metals and the use of polluted water and agricultural lands. This review summarizes four key areas which are CKDu and its general medical background, worldwide prevalence, suspected causative factors and potential circumventing steps to mitigate against CKDu. The importance of further studies addressing early detection and surveillance methods, contribution of nephrotoxins in environmental health, soil chemistry on transporting nephrotoxins, geological parameters which influence the prevalence of the disease and other related sectors to overcome the mysterious nature is highlighted. Mitigation steps to lessen the burden of CKDu are also identified.
Extremists are more confident
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora , Tran Viet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetacognitive mental states are mental states about mental states. For example, I may be uncertain whether my belief is correct. In social discourse, an interlocutor’s metacognitive certainty may constitute evidence about the reliability of their testimony. For example, if a speaker is certain that their belief is correct, then we may take this as evidence in favour of their belief or its content. This paper argues that, if metacognitive certainty is genuine evidence, then it is disproportionate evidence for extreme beliefs. In support of the argument, we report findings from five studies with different participant samples, designs, and measures. These studies show that, the more extreme an agent’s belief (positive or negative), the more certain they are about it, and vice versa. This relationship might contribute to moralism, virtue signalling, and polarisation, which in turn may be epistemically and morally problematic. Therefore, we caution against taking metacognitive certainty as genuine evidence.
The Einstein metrics with smooth scri
Authors: Tafel J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider solutions of the Einstein equations with cosmological constant $$\Lambda \ne 0$$

Λ
≠
0

admitting conformal compactification with smooth scri. Metrics are written in the Bondi–Sachs coordinates and expanded into inverse powers of the affine distance r. Unlike in the case $$\Lambda =0$$

Λ
=
0

all free data are located on the scri. They are constrained by linear differential equations for the Bondi mass and angular momentum aspects. Given free data components of metric are defined in a recursive way.
Influence of humic acid molecular fractions on growth and development of soybean seedlings under salt stress
Authors: Matuszak-Slamani Renata , Bejger Romualda , Cieśla Jolanta , Bieganowski Andrzej , Koczańska Magdalena , Gawlik Andrzej , Kulpa Danuta , Sienkiewicz Mariola , Włodarczyk Małgorzata , Gołębiowska Dorota 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the influence of humic acid (HA) molecular fractions (HA < 30 kDa and HA > 30 kDa) on enhancing the tolerance of seedlings of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Progres and Nawiko cultivars to salt stress (50 mM NaCl) was investigated. HA were extracted from mountain fen soil and then were separated into two molecular fractions by membrane filtration and characterized by diffusion coefficient (Dapp), electrolytic conductivity (κ) and electrophoretic mobility (Ue). The following biometric parameters of tested plants were determined: total leaf area, height of plants, fresh and dry mass of the over ground part and roots as well as length of shoots cells and length of stomas. The chlorophyll content in ground tissue as well as the macro and microelements content in tested plants also were determined. The results showed that the κ, Ue and Dapp for HA > 30 kDa were lower than these for HA < 30 kDa. Adding NaCl caused increase κ and decrease Dapp and Ue. The salt stress caused a major decrease in biometric parameters in tested plants. HA > 30 kDa reduced the uptake of macro and microelements in the soybean Progres cultivar. In soybean Nawiko cultivar, it caused significant uptake of Fe and Zn. Soybean cultivars showed strong reaction to salt stress. HA molecular fractions reduced or eliminated the influence of the salt stress. However, HA > 30 kDa was more effective than HA < 30 kDa, due to its properties.
They do not fear the unknown: Ancylus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Planorbidae) shows no predator avoidance behavior towards a novel invasive predator
Authors: Richter Luise , Küster Chantal Flo , Berendonk Thomas U. , Worischka Susanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiological invasion is a strong threat to native biodiversity, with limnic systems being especially vulnerable due to historical separation and resulting prey naivety. The prey naivety hypothesis states that native species may not be able to recognize novel predators due to a lack of common evolutionary background and, therefore, become easy targets. In a laboratory experiment, we added cues of native European bullhead (Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758) and invasive round goby [Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)] to Ancylus fluviatilis Müller, 1774 originating from two different populations within the same river (one naive, one experienced towards round goby) and compared their predator avoidance behavior. Individuals from both populations recognized cues from the known predator C. gobio and reduced their locomotive activity. To round goby cues, however, naive individuals did not respond, thereby supporting the prey naivety hypothesis. Experienced individuals, in contrast, reduced their activity, suggesting a learning effect due to the co-occurrence of invasive predator and prey. At fast moving invasion fronts of highly invasive species like N. melanostomus, prey naivety can, hence, enhance their negative impact on ecosystems. Behavioral adaptation of native species resulting in predator avoidance reactions could, therefore, play an important role in ecosystem resilience and temporal invasion dynamics.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids Containing Silicon Dioxide or Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles Dispersed in a Mixture of Water and Glycerol
Authors: Bioucas Francisco E. Berger , Köhn Christian , Jean-Fulcrand Annelise , Garnweitner Georg , Koller Thomas M. , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing crystalline or amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2), or zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles dispersed in a mixture of water and glycerol with a mass ratio of 60:40. Such fluids are relevant as potential cutting fluids in tribology and feature a broad distribution of irregularly shaped non-spherical particles of dimensions on the order of (100 to 200) nm that were produced by comminution of larger particles or particle aggregates. A new steady-state guarded parallel-plate instrument was applied for the absolute measurement of the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluids with an expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of 3% for temperatures from (293 to 353) K and particle volume fractions up to 0.1. For a constant volume fraction of 0.03 for the three particle types, the measured thermal-conductivity ratios, i.e. the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluids relative to the thermal conductivity of the base fluid, are less than 1.05 and not affected by temperature. In the case of the nanofluids with crystalline SiO2, with increasing particle volume fraction from 0.03 to 0.10 the thermal-conductivity ratios increase up to values of about 1.18 for all temperatures. A comparison of the measurement results with the Hamilton-Crosser model and an analytical resistance model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids shows that the former one allows for better predictions for the present nanofluids with a relatively large viscosity. In this context, it could be shown that detailed knowledge about the sphericity and thermal conductivity of the dispersed nanoparticles is required for the modeling approaches.
Further Results on a Generalized van der Waals Model
Authors: Amin Magdy E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA generalized van der waals model is considered to study the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids. Analytical solution of the equivalent cubic equation of state is presented and the critical properties in the general form are derived. The fluctuations of number of particles are calculated in the grand canonical ensemble by using three quantities (scaled variance $$\omega (N)$$

ω
(
N
)

, skewness $$S\sigma, $$

S
σ
,

and kurtosis $$k\sigma ^2$$

k

σ
2

). The critical behavior of these quantities is investigated in terms of the dimensionless particle number density and temperature for different models. It is found that the fluctuations have a singular behavior close to the critical point.
Assessment of the potential of microalgae-derived phycoerythrin as a natural colorant in beverages
Authors: Carmona Raquel , Murillo Ma Carmen , Lafarga Tomás , Bermejo Ruperto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phycobiliproteins, including phycoerythrins, are a group of water-soluble pigments produced by microalgae that show potential for being used as natural colourants. The replacement of synthetic compounds with natural colourants obtained from renewable resources is gaining increased interest in the beverages industry. The aim of the present study was to generate and characterise a phycoerythrin-rich extract from the microalga Porphyridium cruentum and to assess its potential use as a pink colourant in four commercial beverages: gin, wine, tonic water, and an isotonic drink. The extract, obtained after water extraction and protein precipitation contained B-phycoerythrin (79%) and R-phycocyanin (21%). Its B-phycoerythrin concentration was 0.75 gB-PE·L−1. The purity grade ($${A}_{565}/{A}_{280}$$

A
565

/

A
280

) of the extract was 2.50; purity ratios higher than 0.7 are considered as sufficient for food applications. The extract was pink and was shown to be stable at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 9.0. The staining factors, which refer to the amount of extract needed to mimic the colour of the commercial products, were 1.5, 2.9, 1.6, and 4.4 mg·L−1 for gin, wine, tonic water and the isotonic drink, respectively. The influence of temperature on the stability of the extract was studied, having found the lowest degradation ratios for 4 ºC and the gin sample. The colour of the product was stable during an 11-day storage period and the colour of the phycoerythrin-containing products was well accepted by a group of 44 semi-trained panellists. The results reported here demonstrate the potential of P. cruentum for being used as a natural source of phycobiliproteins that could be used as a natural pink colouring agent in different beverages.
Asynchronous Time-Aware Shaper for Time-Sensitive Networking
Authors: Máté Miklós , Simon Csaba , Maliosz Markosz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Time Sensitive Networking Task Group of the IEEE 802.1 Working Group has developed a number of enhancements to the priority queueing architecture used by Ethernet. Perhaps the most notable one is the time-aware shaper (TAS), which can perfectly isolate priority classes in time with periodically scheduled traffic gates, thereby enabling ultra low latency applications to coexist with lower priority traffic on the same network. It requires near-perfect clock synchronization across the entire network, though, and a central network controller to calculate the timings for the traffic gates, based on known propagation delays on the network links. As a cheaper alternative, we have developed the asynchronous TAS that needs no clock synchronization, network planning, or a central controller. It uses local processes at each switch port to track the high priority streams, predict the arrival times of their next frames, and control the traffic gates such that the low priority streams are not interfering. We show how a simple predictor with minimal computation requirements can be used to track the high priority streams, and we demonstrate via simulations that this gating mechanism can protect the high priority traffic from interference.
Functions and clinical applications of exosomes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jiang Zhichen , Wang Huiju , Mou Yiping , Li Li , Jin Weiwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors and has an abysmal prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%. At present, the main clinical dilemmas in PC are the lack of biomarkers and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. The treatments for and outcomes of PC have improved, but remain unsatisfactory. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, and an increasing number of studies have found that exosomes play an essential role in tumor pathology. In this review, we describe the process of exosome biogenesis, as well as exosome extraction methods and identification strategies, and we then explain in detail the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and immunosuppression in PC. Finally, we summarize the clinical applications of exosomes. Our observations indicate that exosomes represent a novel direction in the clinical treatment of PC.
Viscoelastic modelling of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics in hygrothermal circumstances
Authors: Abouhamzeh M. , van Dijk Y. L. M. , Grätzl T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermoplastics are favourable to the automotive industry due to their recycling possibility. Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) are passed through the automotive paint shop. The imposed thermal loading presents a challenge to implementing economically feasible CFRTP in body structures. The present study provides a simulation approach to analyse the anisotropic viscoelastic deformation behaviour to assess this scenario. Validation experiments were conducted by optically measuring the out-of-plane displacement of dry and moisture-saturated specimens subjected to a simulated cathodic dip painting-dryer. Preliminary lay-up assessment for the automotive painting process is deemed possible due to the good agreement between simulation and experiments.
Evaluation of Topical Antifungals Using a New Predictive Animal Model for Efficacy against Severe Tinea Unguium: A Comparison of Efinaconazole and Luliconazole
Authors: Masumoto Akane , Sugiura Keita , Matsuda Yoshiki , Tachibana Haruki , Tatsumi Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment of new topical drugs requires an animal onychomycosis model that can predict the drug efficacy against moderate to severe human onychomycosis because the severity of onychomycosis varies and affects the drug efficacy. This study established a non-immunosuppressive guinea pig tinea unguium model under 8-week infection condition in addition to a previously reported model under 4-week infection condition. In the tinea unguium model, most fungi were tightly present in the arthrospore form, like in human onychomycosis. The topical formulations of efinaconazole and luliconazole, two azole class anti-onychomycosis drugs, were evaluated for their efficacy in these models. In the untreated group, the nail fungal burden in the 8-week model was higher than that in the 4-week model and the stronger infection intensity affected the efficacy of the drugs, suggesting that the 8-week model was more severe. The 90% efficacy rate (42%) of luliconazole in the 8-week model was significantly lowered than that (83%) in the 4-week model, and its 99% efficacy rates were 0% in both models. Conversely, the 90% and 99% efficacy rates of efinaconazole (92% and 50% in the 4-week model, and 75% and 25% in the 8-week model, respectively) were not significantly different between the two infection durations. In addition, efinaconazole was more effective than luliconazole in reducing the nail fungal burden. Considering the relevance of clinical reports of the effectiveness of efinaconazole on severe onychomycosis, the new severe tinea unguium model would predict drug efficacy against moderate to severe onychomycosis.