bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of mitochondria origin of SARS-CoV-2 double-membrane vesicles: a review.
Authors: Montes de Oca-B Pavel 
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has infected more than 600 million people and killed more than 6 million people worldwide. This infection affects mainly certain groups of people that have high susceptibility to present severe COVID-19 due to comorbidities. Moreover, the long-COVID-19 comprises a series of symptoms that may remain in some patients for months after infection that further compromises their health. Thus, since this pandemic is profoundly affecting health, economy, and social life of societies, a deeper understanding of viral replication cycle could help to envisage novel therapeutic alternatives that limit or stop COVID-19. Several findings have unexpectedly discovered that mitochondria play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. Indeed, it has been suggested that this organelle could be the origin of its replication niches, the double membrane vesicles (DMV). In this regard, mitochondria derived vesicles (MDV), involved in mitochondria quality control, discovered almost 15 years ago, comprise a subpopulation characterized by a double membrane. MDV shedding is induced by mitochondrial stress, and it has a fast assembly dynamic, reason that perhaps has precluded their identification in electron microscopy or tomography studies. These and other features of MDV together with recent SARS-CoV-2 protein interactome and other findings link SARS-CoV-2 to mitochondria and support that these vesicles are the precursors of SARS-CoV-2 induced DMV. In this work, the morphological, biochemical, molecular, and cellular evidence that supports this hypothesis is reviewed and integrated into the current model of SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. In this scheme, some relevant questions are raised as pending topics for research that would help in the near future to test this hypothesis. The intention of this work is to provide a novel framework that could open new possibilities to tackle SARS-CoV-2 pandemic through mitochondria and DMV targeted therapies.
Application of ablation techniques in the treatment of lung cancer - a review of recent reports
Authors: Klas Jakub Michał , Pytka Michalina , Piwowar Klaudia , Kulszo Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common and fatal cancer worldwide. The first-line treatment for early-stage primary lung cancer is surgical resection, but surgery is contraindicated in 60% of cases. Alternatives then include local treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) and cryoablation. With the current scientific knowledge of these treatments, the fundamental question of their therapeutic efficacy must be answered.
Aim and methods: To present recent scientific findings on the efficacy of the three main methods of thermoablation for lung cancer. A systematic review of scientific papers on the indicated topics from the last 5 years was performed. Several dozen publications were selected for the purpose of this study.
Results: As shown in the studies, the therapeutic effect of MWA controls tumour progression with few side effects and high safety, especially in patients with tumours <3.5 cm in diameter. Cryotherapy, on the other hand, not only improves quality of life, but can also prolong patients' survival. The relatively low risk of this procedure goes hand in hand with its minimal invasiveness, leading to a low complication rate. RFA, on the other hand, shows no greater treatment efficacy than surgical resection, stereotactic radiotherapy.
Conclusions: MWA and cryoablation techniques are interesting alternatives to surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer, improving the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of their disease. The question of increasing the availability of this type of treatment in the health care system therefore remains crucial.
Pilot label comprehension study for an over‐the‐counter combined oral contraceptive pill in the United States
Authors: Grindlay Kate , Key Katherine , Bradford Russell D. , Amato Chiara , Blanchard Kelly , Grossman Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextA growing body of evidence supports over‐the‐counter access to oral contraceptives in the United States. An important consideration for over‐the‐counter approval is consumers' ability to understand key package label messages related to safety and effectiveness without clinician involvement. We developed a prototype over‐the‐counter Drug Facts Label for a combined oral contraceptive pill and conducted a pilot label comprehension study to evaluate consumer understanding of key messages for use.MethodsIn November–December 2020, we conducted interviews with 163 adults and teens in the United States who were aged 12–49 years and identified as female or another gender but had a uterus and the ability to become pregnant. We developed 11 primary endpoints based on assessment of clinical risks that could occur if consumers fail to heed them, including messages about contraindications and directions for use; 11 secondary endpoints represented additional important information but with lower potential for clinical consequences if not understood. We evaluated endpoint comprehension by computing frequencies, percentages, and 2‐sided Exact (Clopper‐Pearson) 95% confidence intervals for observed proportions.ResultsTen of the 11 primary endpoints and 10 of the 11 secondary endpoints were each understood by ≥95% of participants. The remaining primary endpoint on use with prior blood clots was understood by 89% of participants. The remaining secondary endpoint on the product being designed for “people who have the ability to become pregnant” was understood by 83% of participants.ConclusionParticipants understood the key label information required for safe and effective combined oral contraceptive use without clinician involvement.
Designing a Fano-resonance-based temperature sensor by side-coupling double cavities to waveguide in photonic crystals
Authors: Wu Hong , Zhang Hua , Li Feng , Su Wei 
Published: November 2022

Optical sensors are widely used for temperature measurement in chemistry, biomedical detection, and food processing industries. In this paper, we present a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on the Fano resonance in two-dimensional photonic crystals. A carefully designed double cavity is used within the photonic crystals to symmetrically side-couple to a line-defect waveguide. Due to the direct and indirect coupling between two cavities, we found an asymmetric Fano-like line shape in the transmission spectrum. The optimized quality factor of the Fano resonance and the modulation depth are improved to a maximum of 10672 and above 90%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the temperature sensor can reach as high as 91.9 pm/°C, which is direct evidence for its high sensing capability. Thus, our proposed temperature sensor has comparable quality factor and sensitivity with other reported sensors, indicating its high application potential in the sensing field.
Wave-theory-based analysis of a fiber optic bio-sensor illuminated by radially polarized Bessel–Gauss beam: an approach for early diagnosis of breast cancer with a high-resolution wavelength-interrogation technique
Authors: Saha Bijaya , Goswami Nabamita , Saha Ardhendu 
Published: November 2022

With the establishment of
validity using authoritative
experimental results, an analytical investigation of an SPR-based
fiber optic sensor, employing a wave-theory-based technique for
determining breast cancer by shining a radially polarized Bessel–Gauss
(RPBG) beam, is proposed. First, by using a radially polarized
Gaussian (RPG) beam, the observed sensitivity is
9404.61 dB/RIU, where the acquired results are in good
concurrence with the experimental data reported by Yan et al. [Chin. Opt. Lett.
7, 909 (2009)COLHBT1671-7694]. Thus, the
proposed theory has been validated with the reported experimental
data. This theoretical analysis is further extended by utilizing an
RPBG beam, where the observed sensitivity is 21,699.26 dB/RIU
and 5846 nm/RIU, with a resolution of

4.61

×

10

−
7

, which is 2.5 times superior to the
reported results to date. By using an RPBG beam, the proposed method,
to our best knowledge, is the first to achieve much higher sensitivity
in the area of fiber optic breast cancer detection. The higher
sensitivity achieved at lower concentrations of an HER2 biomarker has
led to the idea of early diagnosis of breast cancer by optically
assessing it at its earlier stage using a high-resolution
wavelength-interrogation technique.
Non-coplanar misalignment optical waveguide cantilever sensor with a monotonic response in a large operation range
Authors: Zhang Hongru , Dai Xingang , Hu Yanjun , Wu Dalin , Jing Gaoshan , Li Yuan , Fan Guofang 
Published: November 2022

This paper reports a non-coplanar misalignment optical waveguide cantilever sensor realizing a monotonic response with a large operation range. A

1

×

2

Y-branch optical power splitter cantilever structure was designed, and one of the branches was reduced in thickness at the end, as a non-coplanar structure with respect to another. The misalignment coupling of the two branches due to the thickness of one branch leads to a monotonic response of an optical waveguide cantilever sensor. The simulation results showed a monotonic response with a sensitivity of

6

×

10

−
4

n
m

−
1

in a large operation range of

−

1

to 1 µm.
Colorectal cancer trends in Chile: A Latin-American country with marked socioeconomic inequities
Authors: Mondschein Susana , Subiabre Felipe , Yankovic Natalia , Estay Camila , Von Mühlenbrock Christian , Berger Zoltan 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignant disease in the world. In some countries with established screening programs, its incidence and mortality have decreased, and survival has improved.

Aims
To obtain reliable data about the epidemiology of CRC in Chile, we analyzed the trends in the last ten years and the influence of observable factors on survival, including a nationwide health program for CRC treatment access (GES program).

Methods
Publicly available data published by the Ministry of Health and National Institute of Statistics were used. Data were obtained from registries of mortality and hospital discharges, making follow-up of the individuals possible. Crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and individual survival was studied by constructing Kaplan–Meier curves. Finally, a Cox statistical model was established to estimate the impact of the observable factors.

Results
We found 37,217 newly identified CRC patients between 2008 and 2019 in Chile, corresponding to 103,239 hospital discharges. In the same period, 24,217 people died of CRC. A nearly linear, steady increase in crude incidence, mortality and prevalence was observed. CRC incidence was the lowest in the North of the country, increasing toward the South and reaching a maximum value of 34.6/100,000 inhabitants/year in terms of crude incidence and 20.7/100,000 inhabitants/year in terms of crude mortality in the XII region in 2018. We found that older patients had lower survival rates, as well as men compared to women. Survival was significantly better for patients with private insurance than those under the public insurance system, and the treating hospital also played a significant role in the survival of patients. Patients in the capital region survived longer than those in almost every other part of the country. We found no significant effect on survival associated with the GES program.

Conclusions
We found important inequalities in the survival probabilities for CRC patients in Chile. Survival depends mainly on the type of insurance, access to more complex hospitals, and geographical location; all three factors correlated with socioeconomic status of the population. Our work emphasized the need to create specific programs addressing primary causes to decrease the differences in CRC survival.
Adaptation of a short and universal learning self-efficacy scale for clinical skills in Turkish
Authors: Bayazit Alper , Gonullu Ipek , Dogan Celal Deha 
Published: November 2022

Background
The performance of a clinical task depends on an individual’s skills, knowledge, and beliefs. However, there is no reliable and valid tool for measuring self-efficacy beliefs toward clinical skills in the Turkish language. This research work aims to study the linguistic equivalence, validity, and reliability of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Clinical Skills (L-SES).

Materials and methods
After reaching the original item pool of the scale, applying both forward and backward translation processes, and collecting responses of 11 experts from health professional sciences and educational sciences, the translation and adoption processes were completed. We randomly divided 651 medical students’ responses to a 15-item questionnaire into two datasets and conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) analyses.

Results
CFA validated the three-factor model, and the model fit indexes were found to have acceptable values. The item factor loads ranged from .34 to .84, and items in the scale explained 47% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha (.91), Spearman-Brown (.88), and Guttman Split-Half (.88) coefficients obtained within the scope of internal consistency reliability demonstrated that the scale had the desired internal consistency.

Conclusion
The Turkish version of the short and universal learning self-efficacy scale for clinical skills questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale for measuring medical students’ self-efficacy for clinical skills. Adopted questionnaires may have different factor structures when applied to two different cultures. We also discussed this issue as a hidden pattern in our study.
Determinants of hydroxyurea use among doctors, nurses and sickle cell disease patients in Nigeria
Authors: Isa Hezekiah Alkali , Nnebe-Agumadu Uche , Nwegbu Maxwell M. , Okocha Emmanuel C. , Chianumba Reuben I. , Brown Biobele J. , Asala Samuel A. , Peprah Emmanuel , Nnodu Obiageli E. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHydroxyurea (HU) is an evidence-based therapy that is currently the most effective drug for sickle cell disease (SCD). HU is widely used in high-income countries with consequent reduction of morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, HU is prescribed by physicians while nurses are mainly involved in counseling the patients to ensure adherence. The extent of utilization and the determinant factors have not been sufficiently evaluated in Nigeria.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of use of HU and factors affecting utilization among healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers for SCD.MethodsA questionnaire was administered online and in- person to assess the frequency of HU use and the factors that promote and limit its use. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS software version 23 and the result was presented in frequency tables and percentages.ResultA total of 137 physicians, 137 nurses, and 237 patients/caregivers responded to the survey. The rate of prescription of HU by doctors in the past 6 months was 64 (46.7%), 43 (31.4%) nurses provided counseling and 36 (15.6%) patients were on HU. Among doctors, adequate knowledge (91.3%), clinical benefits and safety (94.8%), and inclusion of HU in management guidelines (86.9%) were motivators for prescribing it while inadequate knowledge (60.9%) and unawareness of treatment guidelines (68.6%) constituted barriers. Among nurses, reduction of crisis (91.6%) and safety (64.8%) were the major motivators while barriers were high cost (79.1%) and intensive monitoring (63.1%) of HU treatment. Among the patients, the major motivator was the reduction of crises (80.3%) while poor knowledge (93.2%), high cost of the drug (92.2%) while monitoring (91.2%), non-availability (87.7%) and side effects (83.9%) were the major barriers for the utilization of HU.ConclusionHU prescription and utilization are still poor among healthcare providers and patients. Inadequate knowledge, non-availability and high cost of HU as well as unawareness of treatment guidelines constitute major barriers to prescription and utilization.
Development and validation of a novel cosmetics safety assessment scale (CSAS): Factual understanding of cosmetic safety and fostering international awareness
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , Jamshed Shazia , Bisgwa Justyna 
Published: November 2022

Background
Falsified cosmetics are increasingly common especially online through social media networks and mobile applications.

Objectives
This study developed and validated a novel tool to evaluate the safety of cosmetics and personal care products in the United Araba Emirates (UAE).

Method
This is methodological validation study and the data were derived from a cross-sectional study conducted on students and staff at Ajman University (AU) in the UAE. The study sample was selected via simple random sampling. The link to the survey was sent to potential respondents via email, and the responses were analysed using SPSS version 26. Content validity, factor analysis, and known group validity were employed to construct and validate an instrument that will enable the identification of cosmetics safety. The instrument’s reliability was evaluated using test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results
The study sample included 978 participants. The content validity index for the final 24-item scale was 0.84. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.959 with a statistically significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (p <0.001). Factor analysis presented a three-component model. PCFA analysis found good fit values with 0.960 for the normed fit index, 0.977 for the comparative fit index, and 0.987 for the Tucker Lewis Index. All values were in excess of 0.95, and the root mean square error of approximation was below 0.06 (0.03); thus, the model had a good fit. Cronbach’s alpha also showed good consistency of the overall instrument (0.963), and all factors had a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.70. Each item on the instrument met the IIC correlation standard of ≥ 0.40, and there were good overall ICC statistics of 0.963 (0.959–0.966) for the instrument as a whole with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The instrument’s test-retest reliability was assessed by correlating the respondents’ identification scores at two time points with a four-week gap revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.870 (p-value <0.01). Participants holding a bachelor’s degree were more likely to be able to identify safe and authentic cosmetics than those with a high-school educational level (p = 0.015).

Conclusions
This study developed a novel validated instrument to determine the safety of cosmetics. The final questionnaire uses 24 items on three dimensions (13 items on hazard information, eight items on product identity, and three items on product handling and storage). The tool is concise and easy to complete, and it is suitable for use among the general population. The use of this instrument can promote greater collaboration between the consumer health regulatory authorities and inspection authorities thus increasing consumer satisfaction and public participation.
Variation in aorta attenuation in contrast-enhanced CT and its implications for calcification thresholds
Authors: Holcombe Sven A. , Horbal Steven R. , Ross Brian E. , Brown Edward , Derstine Brian A. , Wang Stewart C. 
Published: November 2022

Background
CT contrast media improves vessel visualization but can also confound calcification measurements. We evaluated variance in aorta attenuation from varied contrast-enhancement scans, and quantified expected plaque detection errors when thresholding for calcification.

Methods
We measured aorta attenuation (AoHU) in central vessel regions from 10K abdominal CT scans and report AoHU relationships to contrast phase (non-contrast, arterial, venous, delayed), demographic variables (age, sex, weight), body location, and scan slice thickness. We also report expected plaque segmentation false-negative errors (plaque pixels misidentified as non-plaque pixels) and false-positive errors (vessel pixels falsely identified as plaque), comparing a uniform thresholding approach and a dynamic approach based on local mean/SD aorta attenuation.

Results
Females had higher AoHU than males in contrast-enhanced scans by 65/22/20 HU for arterial/venous/delayed phases (p < 0.001) but not in non-contrast scans (p > 0.05). Weight was negatively correlated with AoHU by 2.3HU/10kg but other predictors explained only small portions of intra-cohort variance (R2 < 0.1 in contrast-enhanced scans). Average AoHU differed by contrast phase, but considerable overlap was seen between distributions. Increasing uniform plaque thresholds from 130HU to 200HU/300HU/400HU produces respective false-negative plaque content losses of 35%/60%/75% from all scans with corresponding false-positive errors in arterial-phase scans of 95%/60%/15%. Dynamic segmentation at 3SD above mean AoHU reduces false-positive errors to 0.13% and false-negative errors to 8%, 25%, and 70% in delayed, venous, and arterial scans, respectively.

Conclusion
CT contrast produces heterogeneous aortic enhancements not readily determined by demographic or scan protocol factors. Uniform CT thresholds for calcified plaques incur high rates of pixel classification errors in contrast-enhanced scans which can be minimized using dynamic thresholds based on local aorta attenuation. Care should be taken to address these errors and sex-based biases in baseline attenuation when designing automatic calcification detection algorithms intended for broad use in contrast-enhanced CTs.
The longitudinal association between patient empowerment and patient-reported outcomes: What is the direction of effect?
Authors: Acuña Mora Mariela , Sparud-Lundin Carina , Fernlund Eva , Fadl Shalan , Kalliopi Kazamia , Rydberg Annika , Burström Åsa , Hanseus Katarina , Moons Philip , Bratt Ewa-Lena 
Published: November 2022

Background
Theoretical literature and cross-sectional studies suggest empowerment is associated with other patient-reported outcomes (PROs). However, it is not known if patient empowerment is leading to improvements in other PROs or vice versa.

Aims
The present study aimed to examine the direction of effects between patient empowerment and PROs in young persons with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods
As part of the STEPSTONES-CHD trial, adolescents with CHD from seven pediatric cardiology centers in Sweden were included in a longitudinal observational study (n = 132). Data were collected when patients were 16 (T0), 17 (T1) and 18 ½ years old (T2). The Gothenburg Young Persons Empowerment Scale (GYPES) was used to measure patient empowerment. Random intercepts cross-lagged panel models between patient empowerment and PROs (communication skills; patient-reported health; quality of life; and transition readiness) were undertaken.

Results
We found a significant cross-lagged effect of transition readiness over patient empowerment between T1 and T2, signifying that a higher level of transition readiness predicted a higher level of patient empowerment. No other significant cross-lagged relationships were found.

Conclusion
Feeling confident before the transition to adult care is necessary before young persons with CHD can feel in control to manage their health and their lives. Clinicians interested in improving patient empowerment during the transitional period should consider targeting transition readiness.