bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, Development, and Root Quality of Sweet Potato as Influenced by Soil Warming1
Authors: Sanders D. C. , Porter W. C. , Skaggs R. W. , Scheirer D. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fresh and dry weights of the above ground plant of ‘Copper Skin Jewel’ and ‘Jewel’ sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.) increased with soil warming but total yield of roots was unaffected. Soil warming increased root size, root epidemal color intensity, and improved internal color but decreased percent dry weight, and root pH. Evaporative cooling reduced the foliage weight, storage root fresh weight and total weight of ‘Jewel’ but not of ‘Copper Skin Jewel’. Subirrigation did not influence any of the parameters mentioned above.
Biochemical Changes in Storage of Potato Treated with Cetyl Alcohol and Sodium Fluoride1
Authors: Panda J. M. , Mohanty C. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Treating tubers of potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) with 10,25, and 50 mg/liter cetyl alcohol reduced rotting and total soluble solids content, but increased ascorbic acid and starch content during a storage period of 3 months. Treatments with sodium fluoride did not check rotting, did not affect total soluble solids content, increased ascorbic acid content, and decreased starch content of tubers.
Response of Pinto Bean Plants Exposed to O3, SO2, or Mixtures at Varying Temperatures1
Authors: Miller C. A. , Davis D. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pinto bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto 111) in the unifoliolate leaf stage were exposed for 3 hours to 0.8 ppm SO2, 0.25 ppm 03, or a mixture of the 2 pollutants at these concentrations at 15, 24, or 32° C. Foliage exposed to O3 alone developed adaxial stipple and leaves exposed to SO2 alone developed interveinal necrosis. The mixture of O3 and SO2 induced O3-type symptoms at 32° and SO2-type symptoms at 15°. Both symptom types were present at 24°. Some abaxial glazing or silvering was also induced by the mixture, and was most common at 15° and 24°. Ozone and SO2 each induced greater foliar injury at 15° or 32°, as compared to 24°. The mixture of O3 and SO2 induced greatest macroscopic foliar injury at 15°. The degree of adaxial vs abaxial leaf surface injury varied with temperature.
Cultivar Responses of Tomatoes to Relay Cropping1
Authors: Villareal R. L. , Lai S. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There were significant differences in marketable yield, culls, and days to flowering between monocropped and relayed tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Some breeding lines and accessions appeared more adapted to relay cropping and showed lower yield loss and less delay in flowering than others. Differences in yield and flowering time between relay cropped and monocropped tomatoes were attributed to partial shading.
Simultaneous Grafting and Rooting of Juniper1
Authors: Chong Calvin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Detached cuttings of Juniperus virginiana ‘Skyrocket’ and J. sabina ‘Blue Danube’ were grafted and rooted together under intermittent mist. Successful grafts and rooting were 46% by a paired-cutting procedure, 57% by conventional side grafting, and 75% by a new procedure, in which grafted cuttings were held together by a styrofoam block.
Cooling of Potted Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Staby George L. , Thompson J. F. , Kofranek A. M. , Walter Virginia R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydrocooling, forced air cooling, and hydrocooling plus forced air cooling techniques reduced the 7/8 mass mean cooling time of packaged potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) by 57, 43, and 70%, respectively, compared to cooling under normal refrigeration. Mass mean 7/8 cooling time for plants in boxes with 0, 1 or 5 sides exposed to normal air movement in refrigerated storage was 49, 21 and 10 hours, respectively. Plants hydrocooled and stored at 2°C for 0, 5, or 10 days had equal postharvest longevity upon removal compared to plants cooled to 2°C in 60 hours and subsequently stored for the same periods. Plants stored at 22°C displayed equal postharvest longevity after 5 days of storage but were inferior after 10 days storage compared to rapidly cooled plants. Reasons for determining plants inferior varied according to cultivar.
Response of Freesia hybrida Corms to Exogenous Growth Regulator Applications1
Authors: Gilbertson-Ferriss T. L. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vacuum infusion or soaking of freshly harvested Freesia hybrida Bailey ‘Moya’ corms in solutions of ethephon, gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), benzylamino purine (BA) or indoie-acetic acid (I A A), or in solutions with combinations of these growth regulators, did not decrease the time required for shoot emergence. Ethephon delayed shoot emergence and acted synergistically when combined with GA3, or with GA3 and BA, to further delay shoot emergence. Ethephon or ethephon + B A treatments increased the number of shoots produced per corm. Days to flower and flower quality were not influenced by any of the exogenous growth regulator treatments. Presently, there appears to be little horticultural advantage in applying these growth regulators to freesia corms to hasten shoot emergence prior to planting in order to circumvent the need for 10 to 13 week storage treatment at 28°C to remove dormancy and to ensure rapid shoot emergence.
‘Sea Green’ Lettuce1
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A major goal in our lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) disease resistance breeding program has been the development of cultivars resistant to big vein. Big vein is expressed primarily as vein clearing and stiffening of outer leaves giving a bushy effect. It is caused by big vein agent, a virus-like entity, which is transmitted into the roots of the plant by a root-feeding fungus Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. Symptoms are most commonly expressed during periods of low air temperature and in heavy wet soils (4, 5). Consequently, in the United States it is a common problem in the West during the early spring growing period. ‘Sea Green’ is a new cultivar with big vein resistance.
‘Muskogee’ and ‘Natchez’ Laserstroemia1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Muskogee’ and ‘Natchez’ Lagerstroemia (crapemyrtle) are the first cultivars to be produced by controlled interspecific hybridization with L. fauriei Koehne. These cultivars are unique with resistance to mildew incited by Erysiphe lagerstroemiae E. West; pronounced bark coloration; and prolific flowering.
Ornamental Horticulture Redefined1
Authors: Beatty Russell A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As horticulturists and landscape professionals, we need to examine the traditional idea of “ornamental horticulture” in the context of environmental constraints, resource conservation, and social accountability in our highly urban society. The current over-emphasis on the ornamental use of plants in our landscapes reflects human tendencies toward conformity, eclecticism, and decorativeness in landscape design. An analysis of these tendencies along with the changing needs of our society suggests the new, broader term “appropriate horticulture,” emphasizing self-sufficiency in food and fuel production, urban needs, and an ecological orientation. This holistic concept of horticulture will allow horticulturists to become a more powerful force in our society.
Increasing Cold Hardiness of Apple Trees by Over-tree Misting in Early Autumn1
Authors: Raese J. Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The temperature of spurs and trunks of misted ‘Delicious’ apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh., was reduced by as much as 12.5° and 18°C, respectively, by evaporative cooling in mid-September and October. Freeze tests during early autumn and winter indicated that the misted 2-year-old apple shoots were up to 6° hardier in October than the unmisted trees.
The Effects of Container Design, BA, and GA3 on Root and Shoot Growth of Seedling Pecan Trees1
Authors: Matta F. B. , Storey J. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ten day-old seedling pecans (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) grown in square plastic pots, speedling containers and styrene cylinders were treated with 1000 mg/liter 6-benzyIamino-purine (BA) and 5000 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3) singly and in combination. GA3 at 5000 mg/liter promoted stem diameter enlargement of seedlings grown in cylinders and pots but had no effect on stems of speedling-grown seedlings. BA and container design had no influence on stem diameter. “Air-pruning” of roots which occurred in speedling-grown seedlings produced a compact, fibrous root system. Stem diameter and height were not significantly reduced by root “air-pruning.” GA3 significantly reduced root dry weight of seedlings grown in cylinders.
Induced Somatic Reduction of Chromosome Number in a Tetraploid Grape Shoot after p-Fluorophenylalanine Treatment1
Authors: Omura M. , Akihama T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
New shoots of a tetraploid grape (Vitis vinifera L. × V. labrusca L. cv. Kyoho; 2n = 76) treated with p-fluorophenylalanine produced a mutant shoot with 57 chromosomes. The mutant shoot had small, thin leaves and a bushy growth habit.
Effects of Cooling Rate on Shelflife and Decay of Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Hudson Donald E. , Tietjen William H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), precooled to 2°C, had 60–80% less decay than non-precooled berries when held for 24 hours at 21° following a 3-day simulated transit period at 10°. When precooled berries were held 48 hours at 21° following a 10-day simulated transit period at 2°, they had 37–46% less decay than non-precooled berries similarly handled.
Lettuce Seed Coatings for Enhanced Seedling Emergence1
Authors: Sharpies G. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed coatings containing a granular activated carbon layer adjacent to the seed and overcoated with standard coating materials gave faster, more complete and more uniform seedling emergence than did simple coatings with standard materials. Evidence suggests the granular carbon layer acts to speed O2 diffusion into and adsorb endogenous growth inhibitors excreted from the germinating seeds. Variability of seedling emergence was found to be inversely related to the mean emergence rate.
Effects of CO2 Enrichment, Ventilation, and Nutrient Concentration on the Flavor and Vitamin Content of Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Kimball B. A. , Mitchell S. T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flavor and consumer acceptability of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) grown in 4 greenhouses with different CO2-enrichment-ventilation environments and 2 nutrient concentrations (standard and 1.5 × standard) were tested with sensory panels. Enriching conventional ventilated greenhouses to 1000 μl CO2/liter had no significant effect on acceptability. Lack of ventilation caused a decrease in acceptability while the higher nutrient concentration significantly improved it. Vitamin A content of ‘N-65’ and ‘Tropic’ tomatoes was increased with CO2 enrichment and lack of ventilation, but nutrient concentration had no effect. None of the treatments consistently affected Vitamin C content.
Comparison of Flower Bud Cold Hardiness of Several Cultivars of Rhododendron spp.12
Authors: Pellett Norman E. , Holt Mary A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five evergreen rhododendron cultivars were compared for flower bud cold hardiness in laboratory freezing studies on 6 dates. ‘Roseum Elegans’, ‘Catawbiense Boursalt’ and ‘Boule de Neige’ were more cold hardy on most sampling dates than ‘America’ and ‘Lee’s Dark Purple’. The relative cold hardiness of these 5 cultivars was consistent on several winter dates over several years. Injured florets were black and readily separated from uninjured white florets upon dissection of the inflorescence bud after freezing.
Influence of Temperature, Water Stress and BA on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Schlumbergera truncata1
Authors: Heins Royal D. , Armitage Allan M. , Carlson W. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The number of flower buds formed on plants of Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran (Thanksgiving cactus) was reduced by high water stress during flower initiation and was unaffected by night temperature (13° vs. 17°C) under short days. Application of 100 ppm benzylamino purine (BA) increased flower bud number by 40% when sprayed 2 weeks after the initiation of a short day treatment and increased phylloclade number up to 150% when applied during long day photo-periods.
‘Sweethaven’, ‘Newhaven’, and ‘Jayhaven’ Peach1
Authors: Andersen R. L. , Moulton J. E. , Thomas T. M. , Belter H. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Sweethaven’, ‘Newhaven’, and ‘Jayhaven’ are 3 new cultivars o f melting, yellowfleshed peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] distributed for public nursery sales as products of an ongoing, long-term breeding program in Michigan (Table 1).
‘Ebano’ Thornless Blackberry1
Authors: Bassols Maria do Carmo M. , Moore James N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Ebano’ is a high-yielding, thornless blackberry cultivar (Rubus, subgenus Eubatus) with good adaptation to the mild humid climate of southern Brazil. It will be of value to the newly developing blackberry processing industry of southern Brazil due to its late maturity, high processing quality, and thomlessness for hand harvesting. ‘Ebano’ is the Portuguese word for ebony.
‘Thompson’ Lettuce1
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Big vein has been a problem for growers of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), particularly in the western United States, for many years. The principal symptom, vein clearing, lends an unsightliness to the lettuce that may reduce its market value (7). During periods of low temperatures, big vein may delay or prevent head formation and thus reduce the harvest recovery (4).
New Everbearing Strawberries
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Swartz H. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The cover is a color photograph of a painting of a ‘Tristar’ strawberry plant by Lynda Chandler at the end of the Beltsville 1980 fall harvest season. ‘Tristar’ and its sister cultivar, ‘Tribute’, are new strawberry introductions from the U. S. Department of Agriculture — University of Maryland breeding program (see also p. 792–795 for more details). These cultivars are the first to combine red stele and verticillium resistance from octoploid cultivated strawberry cultivars with a strong, cyclic expression of the everbearing character from a wild selection of octoploid Rocky Mountain strawberry. ‘Tribute’ and ‘Tristar’ are related through a common grandparent to the ‘Brighton’, ‘Hecker’, and ‘Aptos’ day-neutral cultivars recently introduced in California by Bringhurst and Voth.
Performance of a Modified Brace Institute Greenhouse in Virginia1
Authors: Hartz T. K. , Lewis A. J. , Hughes H. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Considerable research on greenhouse energy conservation has been conducted since the escalation of fuel prices began in 1973. A variety of conservation techniques such as air-inflated polyethylene over glass (17) and thermal curtains (8, 24, 25) have been studied. Alternative energy sources such as solar energy (7, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19), waste heat from power plants (26) and deep mine air (23) have been examined. Unfortunately, commercial application of these techniques frequently results in reduced light transmission, growing area or precision of environmental control, offsetting the conservation potential.
Characterization of Temperature Fluctuations and Woody Plant Growth in White Poly Bags and Conventional Black Containers1
Authors: Ingram Dewayne L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
White polyethylene bags were superior to black, 6 liter conventional containers for production of Cornus florida L., Rhododendron simsii Planch, cv. Formosa and Pittosporum tobira Banks in full sun. All 3 species grew best in 47% shade, where effects of container design were moderated Poly bags were brittle within 6 months in full sun and could not withstand rough handling.
Treating Boron Toxicity in Rhododendron catawbiense1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Smith E. M. , Still S. M. , Sheppard W. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seven fertilizer treatments and a pruning treatment were evaluated for their effect on reducing symptom expression of B toxicity on spring growth of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. ‘Lees Dark Purple’. Pruning of tissue showing B toxicity was the best treatment based on the first growth flush; treatment with CuS04 + limewater was the best treatment based on the second growth flush.
Polyploidy in Evergreen Azaleas1
Authors: Heursel J. , De Roo R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chromosome number of 47 cultivars of Rhododendron simsii Planch, were all diploid (2n = 26) except ‘Euratom’ which was triploid (3n = 39). A number of R. simsii cultivars from China and Thailand, as well as R. indicum (L.) Sweet., R. tamurae (Makino) Masam., R. keiskei Miq., and R. kiusianum Makino were found to be diploid.
Influence of N-P-K Factorial Fertilization on Growth Characteristics and Foliar Content of 4 Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Data indicated the N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 1-1-1 is unnecessarily high in P2O5 and K2O for Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Exotica’, Dracaena sanderana Hort. Sander ex M. T. Mast, Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoviana E. Morr., and Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr. Plant growth and tissue nutrient levels were more sensitive to changes in N fertilization level than P and K. Tissue N was a more sensitive indicator of optimum growth and fertility practices than P or K.
Inheritance of Resistance to Trifluralin Toxicity in Cucurbita moschata Poir1
Authors: Adeniji Adeoye A. , Coyne Dermot P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of response to trifluralin (Treflan) at 1.12 kg/ha was studied in the field, using transplants of parents, F1, F2, and BC1 generations of the Cucurbita moschata crosses ‘La Primera’ with ‘Butternut Ponca’ and ‘Waltham’. Parents and F1s were susceptible. Based on segregation data in the F2 and BC1 generations it is hypothesized that a dominant gene T determines resistance but is inhibited by a dominant I-T gene. Proposed genotypes for ‘La Primera’ and the 2 ‘Butternut’ cultivars are I-TI-T T T and i-t i-t t t, respectively.
Comparative Development of Vine Cuttings and Rooted Tuber Sprouts from Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)1
Authors: Quamina J. E. , Hill W. A. , Phills B. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four-node vine cuttings of yam (Dioscorea alata L.) treated with Rootone-F showed higher survival, higher growth rate, and 3 times the number of shoots per plant than 1-node untreated vine cuttings. Survival of rooted tuber sprouts was lower for 5 cm lengths than 12.5 or 20 cm lengths. Rooted tuber sprouts 12.5 cm long initiated more tubers and primary fibrous roots than 4-note vine cuttings treated with rooting hormone.
Effect of Low Temperature on Survival of Apple Buds Infected with the Powdery Mildew Fungus1
Authors: Spotts R. A. , Covey R. P. , Chen P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The lowest survival temperatures were determined quantitatively for dormant terminal buds of ‘Newtown’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Rome Beauty’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) that were either healthy or infected with powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev) Salm.). Irrespective of cultivar, all mildew-infected buds were more susceptible to freezing injury than healthy buds. Survival of mildew-infected buds at about −22°C was similar to survival of healthy buds at −26°. Field data on ‘Jonathan’ showed that terminal mildew infection following winters warmer than −22° was 26.5%, but was only 4.0% following winters −24° or colder.
Effects of Ethylene on Chilling Injury and Subsequent Decay of Conditioned Early ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit during Low-temperature Storage1,2
Authors: Hatton T. T. , Cubbedge R. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Early Florida ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) can be safely degreened with 5 ppm C2H4 up to 72 hours and then stored for 17 days at 1°C, providing the fruit are conditioned for 7 days at 16° prior to storage.
Weed Management Improves Yield and Quality of ‘ Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: Jordan L. S. , Russell R. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) interference reduced yield of ‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) more than annual weeds. Both types of vegetation also resulted in decreased leaf nitrogen, increased juice content, soluble solids, and titratable acid. Bermudagrass competition resulted in increased fruit size. Complete or partial weed control eliminated or reduced adverse effects of competitive vegetation on fruit production.
‘Florida Flame’ Gladiolus1
Authors: Wilfret Gary J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gladiolus flowers comprise an important part of the total cut flower industry in the United States, with a wholesale value of $17.1 million in 1979 (3). Of the 130 million spikes sold that year, 77 million were grown in Florida where the major production time is from October through May. A successful cut flower cultivar in Florida must be consistent in growth during continuous weekly plantings from August 15 through February, must producet all (≥ 110 cm) straight spikes with at least 14 floral buds per rachis, and must open from the “tight bud” stage following 2-3 days of cold storage (5°C). The cultivar also should be highly tolerant of major fungal diseases, especially Fusarium corm and root rots incited by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyd. & Hans. (4).
‘Smokey’ Dianthus1
Authors: Lindgren D. T. , Uhlinger R. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Smokey’, a dense, low growing perennial selection of Dianthus plumarius L., is a joint release of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research. It is a selection from Plant Introduction 371894.
‘Shani’ Grape1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Asaph R. , Baron I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A major objective of the grape-breeding program, started in 1968 at Bet Dagan, has been to breed early-ripening and late-ripening table grapes with loose clusters, and good berry size, appearance and quality. Only crosses between Vitis vinifera cultivars have been made. The progeny of a local ‘Dabouki’ × ‘Cardinal’ cross have proven of particular interest and one selection is being named ‘Shani’.
‘Allstar’ Strawberry1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Swartz Harry J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Allstar’ is a vigorous and productive Junebearing strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) that produces very large, firm fruit of good quality in late midseason. It is the most recent introduction in a series of red stele root rot-resistant cultivars developed in the cooperative strawberry improvement program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the University of Maryland. ‘Allstar’ combines multiple-race resistance to red stele incited by Phytopthora fragariae Hickman with resistance to other root and leaf diseases, has unusually broad adaptation within the eastern United States, and performs well under a number of cultural regimes. Its name implies superior performance under diverse soil, climatic and cultural conditions.
‘Tribute’ and ‘Tristar’ Everbearing Strawberries1
Authors: Draper Arien D. , Galletta Gene J. , Swartz Harry J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Tribute’ and ‘Tristar’ are everbearing strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) that fruit in spring, summer, and fall (as indicated by the prefix “Tri-”). They are the first everbearing strawberries bred for culture in the eastern United States which combine resistance to red stele root rot, incited by Phytophthora fragariae Hickman, with a high degree of tolerance to verticillium wilt, incited by Verticillium albo-atrum Reincke & Berth. Their generally consistent good health, productivity, and fruit quality under a number of cultural systems suggest that these cultivars will offer new opportunities to the strawberry home gardener and commercial grower alike.