bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-inflationary dark matter bremsstrahlung
Authors: Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A. , Zheng Jiaming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dark matter may only interact with the visible sector efficiently at energy
scales above the inflaton mass, such as the Planck scale or the grand unification scale. In such
a scenario, the dark matter is mainly produced out of equilibrium during the period of reheating,
often referred to as UV freeze-in. We evaluate the abundance of the dark matter generated from
bremsstrahlung off the inflaton decay products assuming no direct coupling between the inflaton
and the dark matter. This process generally dominates the production of dark matter for low
reheating temperatures where the production through the annihilations of particle in the thermal
plasma becomes inefficient. We find that the bremsstrahlung process dominates for reheating
temperatures T
RH ≲ 1010 GeV, and produces the requisite density of dark matter for a
UV scale ≃ 1016 GeV. As examples, we calculate numerically the yield of the dark
matter bremsstrahlung through gravitation and dimension-6 vector portal effective interactions.
Long-term Photometric Study of the Pre-main Sequence Star V1180 Cas
Authors: Mutafov Asen , Semkov Evgeni , Peneva Stoyanka , Ibryamov Sunay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper results from the optical photometric observations of the pre-main sequence star V1180 Cas are reported. The star is a young variable associated with the dark cloud Lynds 1340, located at a distance of 600 pc from the Sun in the star-forming region in Cassiopeia. V1180 Cas shows large amplitude variability, interpreted as a combination of accretion-induced and extinction-driven effects. Our data from VRI CCD photometric observations of the star were collected from September 2011 to February 2022. During our monitoring, we recorded several brightness dips with large amplitudes of up to 5 mag (I band). At the same time, increases in brightness over periods of several weeks have also been recorded. In this paper, we compare the photometric data obtained for V1180 Cas with observations of other low-mass pre-main sequence objects.
Experimental study on boron distribution and transport at plasma-facing components during impurity powder dropping in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Kawate T. , Ashikawa N. , Goto M. , Oishi T. , Kawamoto Y. , Toyoda H. , Shoji M. , Kawamura G. , Masuzaki S. , Nespoli F. , Gilson E.P. , Lunsford R. , Suzuki C. , Nagy A. , Gates D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Toward real-time wall conditioning, impurity powder dropping experiments with boron powder were performed in the 22nd experimental campaign of the Large Helical Device. To examine the deposition and desorption process of boron, we focus on boron hydride (BH) molecules which presumably populate near plasma-facing components. We performed spatially-resolved spectroscopic measurements of emission by boron ions and BH molecules. From the measurement, we found that BH and B+ were concentrated on the divertor viewing chord, which suggest boron deposition in the divertor region. By comparing Hγ emissions with and without boron injection, neutral hydrogen shows uniform reduction in the SOL region, whereas less reduction of neutral hydrogen is confirmed in the divertor region. Although emissions from BH and B+ increased linearly, emissions by B0 and B4+ became constant after the middle of the discharge. Continuous reduction of carbon density in the core plasma was confirmed even after B0 and B4+ became constant. The results may show reduction of hydrogen recycling and facilitation of impurity gettering by boron in the divertor region and thus effective real-time wall conditioning.
Temperature transitions and degeneracy in the control of small clusters with a macroscopic field
Authors: Boccardo Francesco , Pierre-Louis Olivier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of the control of few-particle fluctuating clusters with a macroscopic field. Our goal is to reach a given target cluster shape in minimum time. This question is formulated as a first passage problem in the space of cluster configurations. We find the optimal policy to set the macroscopic field as a function of the observed shape using dynamic programming. Our results show that the optimal policy is non-unique, and its degeneracy is mainly related to symmetries shared by the initial shape, the force and the target shape. The total fraction of shapes for which optimal choice of the force is non-unique vanishes as the cluster size increases. Furthermore, the optimal policy exhibits a discrete set of transitions when the temperature is varied. Each transition leads to a discontinuity in the derivative of the time to reach with target with respect to temperature. As the size of the cluster increases, the change in the policy due to temperature transitions grows like the total number of configurations and a continuum limit emerges.
Bandpass/bandstop switching with tunable pass band operation based on split ring and open loop resonators
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Ali Wael A.E. , Mohamed Hesham A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, a bandpass filter (BPF) using a split ring and
open-loop resonators for wireless applications is discussed. The
split-ring resonator (SRR) is the main part of the band stop filter
(BSF) as a preliminary design for obtaining a band stop
behavior. The proposed filter is printed on a RO4003 substrate with
a 3.55 dielectric constant and a total size of
30 × 30 × 0.813 mm3. First, the SRR BSF is
presented to operate at a center frequency of 5 GHz then an open
loop resonator is added between input/output ports to achieve an
extra band stop region to generate a bandpass behaviour between the
two stopbands at 3.5 GHz. The PIN diodes are used to switch between
the bandstop and bandpass operation. Then, two varactor diodes are
embedded in the open-loop resonator to control the bandpass and
bandstop regions of the suggested filter. The experimental results
validate the simulated ones confirming the suitability of the
suggested filter for proper operations in different wireless
applications.
Carbon flux estimates are sensitive to data source: a comparison of field and lab temperature sensitivity data
Authors: Patel Kaizad F , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Jian Jinshi , Morris Kendalynn A , McKever Sophia A , Norris Cooper G , Zheng Jianqiu , Bailey Vanessa L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A large literature exists on mechanisms driving soil production of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4. Although it is common knowledge that measurements obtained through field studies vs. laboratory incubations can diverge because of the vastly different conditions of these environments, few studies have systematically examined these patterns. These data are used to parameterize and benchmark ecosystem- to global-scale models, which are then susceptible to the biases of the source data. Here, we examine how greenhouse gas measurements may be influenced by whether the measurement/incubation was conducted in the field vs. laboratory, focusing on CO2 and CH4 measurements. We use Q
10 of greenhouse gas flux (temperature sensitivity) for our analyses because this metric is commonly used in biological and Earth system sciences and is an important parameter in many modeling frameworks. We predicted that laboratory measurements would be less variable, but also less representative of true field conditions. However, there was greater variability in the Q
10 values calculated from lab-based measurements of CO2 fluxes, because lab experiments explore extremes rarely seen in situ, and reflect the physical and chemical disturbances occurring during sampling, transport, and incubation. Overall, respiration Q
10 values were significantly greater in laboratory incubations (mean = 4.19) than field measurements (mean = 3.05), with strong influences of incubation temperature and climate region/biome. However, this was in part because field measurements typically represent total respiration (Rs), whereas lab incubations typically represent heterotrophic respiration (Rh), making direct comparisons difficult to interpret. Focusing only on Rh-derived Q
10, these values showed almost identical distributions across laboratory (n = 1110) and field (n = 581) experiments, providing strong support for using the former as an experimental proxy for the latter, although we caution that geographic biases in the extant data make this conclusion tentative. Due to a smaller sample size of CH4
Q
10 data, we were unable to perform a comparable robust analysis, but we expect similar interactions with soil temperature, moisture, and environmental/climatic variables. Our results here suggest the need for more concerted efforts to document and standardize these data, including sample and site metadata.
Existence of the transfer matrix for a class of nonlocal potentials in two dimensions
Authors: Loran Farhang , Mostafazadeh Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evanescent waves are waves that decay or grow exponentially in regions of the space void of interaction. In potential scattering defined by the Schrödinger equation,

(
−

∇
2

+
v
)
ψ
=

k
2

ψ

for a local potential v, they arise in dimensions greater than one and are generally present regardless of the details of v. The approximation in which one ignores the contributions of the evanescent waves to the scattering process corresponds to replacing v with a certain energy-dependent nonlocal potential

V

k

ˆ

. We present a dynamical formulation of the stationary scattering for

V

ˆ

k

in two dimensions, where the scattering data are related to the dynamics of a quantum system having a non-self-adjoint, unbounded, and nonstationary Hamiltonian operator. The evolution operator for this system determines a two-dimensional analog of the transfer matrix of stationary scattering in one dimension which contains the information about the scattering properties of the potential. Under rather general conditions on v, we establish the strong convergence of the Dyson series expansion of the evolution operator and prove the existence of the transfer matrix for

V

ˆ

k

as a densely-defined operator acting in

C

2

⊗

L
2

(
−
k
,
k
)

.
Epistemic excuses and the feeling of certainty
Authors: Vollet Jacques-Henri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Is knowledge the epistemic norm of action and assertion? Gettier and justified-false-belief cases have been raised as counterexamples to the necessity direction of that claim. Most knowledge normers reply by distinguishing permissibility from excusability. An important objection to this move, however, is that it requires a still lacking view of epistemic excuses sufficiently general to cover all the cases, correctly relating the supposed excuse to the subject’s cognitive life, and not collapsing into an account of the fundamental normative standard (see Gerken’s On Folk Epistemology, 2017). In this paper, I rely on independent work in epistemology and cognitive science to suggest a novel account of epistemic excuses in terms of epistemic feelings. In contrast to other existing accounts, this account is immune from the above objection and can thus be used to rescue the knowledge norm.
Top-down control of the left visual field bias in cued visual spatial attention
Authors: Meyyappan Sreenivasan , Rajan Abhijit , Mangun George R , Ding Mingzhou 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A left visual field (LVF) bias in perceptual judgments, response speed, and discrimination accuracy has been reported in humans. Cognitive factors, such as visual spatial attention, are known to modulate or even eliminate this bias. We investigated this problem by recording pupillometry together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a cued visual spatial attention task. We observed that (i) the pupil was significantly more dilated following attend-right than attend-left cues, (ii) the task performance (e.g. reaction time [RT]) did not differ between attend-left and attend-right trials, and (iii) the difference in cue-related pupil dilation between attend-left and attend-right trials was inversely related to the corresponding difference in RT. Neuroscientically, correlating the difference in cue-related pupil dilation with the corresponding cue-related fMRI difference yielded activations primarily in the right hemisphere, including the right intraparietal sulcus and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that (i) there is an asymmetry in visual spatial attention control, with the rightward attention control being more effortful than the leftward attention control, (ii) this asymmetry underlies the reduction or the elimination of the LVF bias, and (iii) the components of the attentional control networks in the right hemisphere are likely part of the neural substrate of the observed asymmetry in attentional control.
Antitoxin Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hesse Elisabeth M , Godfred-Cato Shana , Bower William A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Bacillus anthracis is a high-priority threat agent because of its widespread availability, easy dissemination, and ability to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Although timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy can reduce morbidity and mortality, the role of adjunctive therapies continues to be explored.

Methods
We searched 11 databases for articles that report use of anthrax antitoxins in treatment or prevention of systemic anthrax disease published through July 2019. We identified other data sources through reference search and communication with experts. We included English-language studies on antitoxin products with approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anthrax in humans, nonhuman primates, and rabbits. Two researchers independently reviewed studies for inclusion and abstracted relevant data.

Results
We abstracted data from 12 publications and 2 case reports. All 3 FDA-approved anthrax antitoxins demonstrated significant improvement in survival as monotherapy over placebo in rabbits and nonhuman primates. No study found significant improvement in survival with combination antitoxin and antimicrobial therapy compared to antimicrobial monotherapy. Case reports and case series described 25 patients with systemic anthrax disease treated with antitoxins; 17 survived. Animal studies that used antitoxin monotherapy as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) demonstrated significant improvement in survival over placebo, with greatest improvements coming with early administration.

Conclusions
Limited human and animal evidence indicates that adjunctive antitoxin treatment may improve survival from systemic anthrax infection. Antitoxins may also provide an alternative therapy to antimicrobials for treatment or PEP during an intentional anthrax incident that could involve a multidrug-resistant B. anthracis strain.
Safety of Antimicrobials for Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax: A Review
Authors: Parker Corinne M , Karchmer Adolf W , Fisher Margaret C , Muhammad Kalimah M , Yu Patricia A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent for anthrax, poses a potential bioterrorism threat and is capable of causing mass morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobials are the mainstay of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment of anthrax. We conducted this safety review of 24 select antimicrobials to identify any new or emerging serious or severe adverse events (AEs) to help inform their risk–benefit evaluation for anthrax.

Methods
Twenty-four antimicrobials were included in this review. Tertiary data sources (e.g. Lactmed, Micromedex, REPROTOX) were reviewed for safety information and summarized to evaluate the known risks of these antimicrobials. PubMed was also searched for published safety information on serious or severe AEs with these antimicrobials; AEs that met inclusion criteria were abstracted and reviewed.

Results
A total of 1316 articles were reviewed. No consistent observations or patterns were observed among the abstracted AEs for a given antimicrobial; therefore, the literature review did not reveal evidence of new or emerging AEs that would add to the risk–benefit profiles already known from tertiary data sources.

Conclusions
The reviewed antimicrobials have known and/or potential serious or severe risks that may influence selection when recommending an antimicrobial for PEP or treatment of anthrax. Given the high fatality rate of anthrax, the risk–benefit evaluation favors use of these antimicrobials for anthrax. The potential risks of antimicrobials should not preclude these reviewed antimicrobials from clinical consideration for anthrax but rather guide appropriate antimicrobial selection and prioritization across different patient populations with risk mitigation measures as warranted.
Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in South Africa: Evidence from the HVTN702 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Trial
Authors: Asare Kwabena , Andine Tsion , Naicker Nivashnee , Dorward Jienchi , Singh Nishanta , Spooner Elizabeth , Andriesen Jessica , Osman Farzana , Ngcapu Sinaye , Vandormael Alain , Mindel Adrian , Abdool Karim Salim S , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gray Glenda , Corey Lawrence , Tomita Andrew , Garrett Nigel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlternative approaches to syndromic management are needed to reduce rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in resource-limited settings. We investigated the impact of point-of-care (POC) versus central laboratory–based testing on STI treatment initiation and STI adverse event (STI-AE) reporting.MethodsWe used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models to compare times to treatment initiation and STI-AE reporting among HVTN702 trial participants in South Africa. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were diagnosed POC at eThekwini clinic and in a central laboratory at Verulam/Isipingo clinics. All clinics used POC assays for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) testing.ResultsAmong 959 women (median age, 23 [interquartile range, 21–26] years), median days (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) to NG/CT treatment initiation and NG/CT-AE reporting were 0.20 (.16–.25) and 0.24 (.19–.27) at eThekwini versus 14.22 (14.12–15.09) and 15.12 (13.22–21.24) at Verulam/Isipingo (all P &lt; .001). Median days (95%CI) to TV treatment initiation and TV-AE reporting were 0.17 (.12–.27) and 0.25 (.20–.99) at eThekwini versus 0.18 (.15–.2) and 0.24 (.15–.99) at Verulam/Isipingo (all P &gt; .05). Cox regression analysis revealed that NG/CT treatment initiation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 39.62 [95%CI, 15.13–103.74]) and NG/CT-AE reporting (aHR, 3.38 [95%CI, 2.23–5.13]) occurred faster at eThekwini versus Verulam/Isipingo, while times to TV treatment initiation (aHR, 0.93 [95%CI, .59–1.48]) and TV-AE reporting (aHR, 1.38 [95%CI, .86–2.21]) were similar.ConclusionsPOC testing led to prompt STI management with potential therapeutic and prevention benefits, highlighting its utility as a diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings.
Successful treatment of suspected early form of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Lu Nelson , Werry Denise , Chapman Michael , Morshed Muhammad , Ndao Momar , Mirzanejad Yazdan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is the most common parasitic aetiology of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in the Americas, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical spectrum ranges from early asymptomatic disease to severe cardiac manifestations including dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, dysrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, thromboembolism, and sudden death.

Case summary
We present a case of Chagas disease in a 75-year-old patient originally from El Salvador who presented to our Canadian tertiary centre with heart failure and atrial fibrillation/flutter. The patient had dilated cardiomyopathy with severely reduced systolic function, which was thought to be early Chagas cardiomyopathy after confirmatory positive serologies for T. cruzi. The patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement and recovery of systolic function with benznidazole therapy that was sustained up to 12 months on follow up.

Discussion
The American Heart Association recommends considering treatment of early chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy with anti-trypanosomal therapy. Our case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the diagnosis of early Chagas cardiomyopathy and critical timing of benznidazole, as effectiveness is limited in late disease due to myocardial cell-death programme. Although the historical BENEFIT study is known to not have shown mortality reduction, we advocate that the significant reduction in cardiovascular-related hospitalizations should be considered for symptomatic patients with early Chagas cardiomyopathy with the potential benefit of improving cardiac function and avoiding need for heart transplantation.
Predictors of mood or anxiety problems among transgender individuals seeking hormone therapy
Authors: Strenth Chance R , Pagels Patti , SoRelle Jeffrey A , Gonzalez Leo , Day Philip G , Gimpel Nora E , Levy Kamugisha Emily I , Moore Rachel M , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental health needs of transgender individuals can be complex with individual, social, and medical factors impacting symptoms. This study examines predictors of mood or anxiety problems among transgender individuals seeking hormone therapy (HT).MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at 2 clinics providing gender-affirming HT. Cross-sectional data from initial patient encounters (N = 311) were used in this study. Bivariate correlations and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out.ResultsTransgender women (TW) were 2.2 times more likely to have mood or anxiety problems while transgender men (TM) were 2.6 times more likely as the number of medical comorbidities increased. For both TW and TM, White race significantly increased the likelihood of mood or anxiety problems. Neither previous nor current HT were associated with mood or anxiety problems for TW and TM. However, receiving multiple gender-affirming procedures decreased the likelihood of mood or anxiety problems for TM.ConclusionsGender-affirming care and addressing comorbidities can be important aspects of mental health needs for transgender individuals.