bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterophase Interface and Surface Functionalization of TiOx/TiSix Metastable Nanofilms
Authors: Echeverrigaray Fernando Graniero , Figueroa Carlos Alejandro , Zanatta Antonio Ricardo , Alvarez Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, topographically asymmetric TiOx/TiSix metastable ultrathin (nano)films on SiO2/Si(100) are produced by controlling interface reactions through ion beam synthesis. The film growth process involves a dual ion beam system, combining Ar+ sputtering a Ti target and in situ postirradiation (Ar+ + H2+ ion etching) at normal incidence to modify the surface morphology. The film's production and characterization are challenging due to the formation of a complex mixed interface+layers (heterophases) containing nanocrystalline and amorphous compounds of Ti and Si. The results for different ion etching times (0–600 s) are systematically presented and analyzed. With the experimental+theoretical information, it is possible to deduce that the heterophase interface is originated by oxide intermixing in combination with the formation of titanium silicides taking place at the early stages of growth. The reactivity of oxygen and hydrogen species is the dominating factor influencing the metastable film growth mediated by solid‐state phase reactions. Given its crucial role at the (Ti/Si):O interface, the chemical route and control of intrinsic defects (non‐stoichiometry) are defined by domain ordering mechanisms followed by surface restructuring. In view of their main characteristics, taken altogether, the current functional metastable films represent a promising alternative for high‐performance photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review
Authors: Beck Anthony , Obst Franziska , Gruner Denise , Voigt Andreas , Mehner Philipp Jan , Gruenzner Stefan , Koerbitz René , Shahadha Mohammed Hadi , Kutscher Alexander , Paschew Georgi , Marschner Uwe , Richter Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStimuli‐sensitive hydrogels have an outstanding potential for miniaturized, integrated sensor, and actuator systems and especially for lab‐on‐chip technology, but the application is still in its infancy. One major reason may be that design and realization of hydrogel‐based systems are exceptionally complex and demanding. Here, the design parameters of a key component, the hydrogel‐based valve, are discussed in their entirety. Key developments in the fields of stimuli‐sensitive hydrogels are highlighted and the necessary know‐how in material behavior, microstructuring technologies, modeling and name five essential design guidelines as well as scaling laws for hydrogel‐based components, including microfluidic one‐directional valves, microelectromechanical systems valves, self‐regulating, chemomechanical valves, and chemofluidic transistors, is provided.
Targeting Glutamine Metabolism to Enhance Immunoprevention of EGFR‐Driven Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Mofei , Xiong Donghai , Pan Jing , Zhang Qi , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Lubet Ronald A. , Montuenga Luis M. , Wang Yian , Slusher Barbara S. , You Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Vaccination against EGFR can be one of the venues to prevent lung cancer. Blocking glutamine metabolism has been shown to improve anticancer immunity. Here, the authors report that JHU083, an orally active glutamine antagonist prodrug designed to be preferentially activated in the tumor microenvironment, has potent anticancer effects on EGFR‐driven mouse lung tumorigenesis. Lung tumor development is significantly suppressed when treatment with JHU083 is combined with an EGFR peptide vaccine (EVax) than either single treatment. Flow cytometry and single‐cell RNA sequencing of the lung tumors reveal that JHU083 increases CD8+ T cell and CD4+ Th1 cell infiltration, while EVax elicits robust Th1 cell‐mediated immune responses and protects mice against EGFRL858R mutation‐driven lung tumorigenesis. JHU083 treatment decreases immune suppressive cells, including both monocytic‐ and granulocytic‐myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and pro‐tumor CD4+ Th17 cells in mouse models. Interestingly, Th1 cells are found to robustly upregulate oxidative metabolism and adopt a highly activated and memory‐like phenotype upon glutamine inhibition. These results suggest that JHU083 is highly effective against EGFR‐driven lung tumorigenesis and promotes an adaptive T cell‐mediated tumor‐specific immune response that enhances the efficacy of EVax.
Remarkably High Conductivity and Power Factor in D–D′‐type Thermoelectric Polymers Based on Indacenodithiophene
Authors: Tripathi Ayushi , Seo Bo Eun , Kim Min Joo , Lee Yoonjoo , Lee Soonyong , Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Un Jeong , Kwon Young Wan , Seo Hyungtak , Kwak Kyungwon , Kim Jong H. , Woo Han Young 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree p‐type thermoelectric (TE) polymers based on the indacenodithiophene moiety substituted with bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene side‐chains (IDTS) are synthesized. The TE characteristics of IDTS‐based donor–donor’ (D–D′) type PIDTSDTTT and donor–acceptor (D–A) type polymers, PIDTSBT and PIDTS2FBT are investigated. Remarkably higher electrical conductivity (σ = ≈1000 S cm−1) and power factor (PF = ≈120 μW m−1 K−2) by doping with AuCl3 are measured for PIDTSDTTT compared to D–A type polymers. The higher σ of PIDTSDTTT originates from its higher carrier concentration compared to those of PIDTSBT and PIDTS2FBT. Moreover, the facile polaron‐to‐bipolaron transition is measured, and the charge carriers are calculated to be more stable with extended delocalization in PIDTSDTTT compared to D–A polymers. The significantly higher doping stability in PIDTSDTTT can be explained in terms of the higher conduction band of bipolarons than the valence band of O2 and H2O, which blocks the facile reduction of bipolarons in air. The energetic structures of doped polaron and bipolaron states, as well as pristine TE polymers, must be carefully considered to realize efficient and stable p‐type thermoelectric polymers, where a D–D′ type structure with further enhanced carrier mobility can be considered as a potential molecular framework.
Experiments in ranching: Rain‐index insurance and investment in production and drought risk management
Authors: Shrum Trisha R. , Travis William R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRainfall is critical for financial viability in ranching, yet droughts are becoming more common. The USDA Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage rain‐index insurance program seek to reduce drought‐related financial risks. Using the DRIR‐R model, we test the investment impact of rainfall‐index insurance with two randomized control simulations, one with a general population and one with professional ranchers. We find no evidence of direct impacts of rainfall‐index insurance on herd size or drought adaptation investments. These findings support the idea that the rain‐index insurance policy limits moral hazard in a way that reduces the likelihood of overgrazing that could intensify drought stress.
A new NiS nanoparticle‐enhanced chemiluminescence method for determination of cephalexin in pharmaceuticals and spiked human serum
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza , Dadashi Zahra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt has been reported that NiS nanoparticles (NPs) can markedly enhance light emission from the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–O2 (λmax = 425 nm). Additionally, it was shown that cephalexin (CEF) could further increase the intensity of light emitted from the NiS NPs–luminol–O2 CL reaction. Inspired by these findings, we aimed to develop a new and straightforward CL method for the determination of CEF. A calibration graph over the range 1.00 × 10−6 to 4.00 × 10−5 mol L−1 was established. The limit of detection of the CL method was 8.00 × 10−7 mol L−1. The coefficient of variation of the CL method was 2.20% (n = 6) for the measurement of 6.00 × 10−6 mol L−1 CEF. NiS NPs were produced by exploiting the precipitation method and identified using several spectroscopic approaches. The proposed CL method was successfully used to measure CEF in some pharmaceutical products and in spiked human serum. The chemical mechanism governing the CL reaction was briefly explained.
A window into eye movement dysfunction following mTBI: A scoping review of magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking findings
Authors: McDonald Matthew A. , Tayebi Maryam , McGeown Joshua P. , Kwon Eryn E. , Holdsworth Samantha J , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as concussion, is a complex neurobehavioral phenomenon affecting six in 1000 people globally each year. Symptoms last between days and years as microstructural damage to axons and neurometabolic changes result in brain network disruption. There is no clinically available objective biomarker to diagnose the severity of injury or monitor recovery. However, emerging evidence suggests eye movement dysfunction (e.g., saccades and smooth pursuits) in patients with mTBI. Patients with a higher symptom burden and prolonged recovery time following injury may show higher degrees of eye movement dysfunction. Likewise, recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revealed both white matter tract damage and functional network alterations in mTBI patients, which involve areas responsible for the ocular motor control. This scoping review is presented in three sections: Section 1 explores the anatomical control of eye movements to aid the reader with interpreting the discussion in subsequent sections. Section 2 examines the relationship between abnormal MRI findings and eye tracking after mTBI based on the available evidence. Finally, Section 3 communicates gaps in our knowledge about MRI and eye tracking, which should be addressed in order to substantiate this emerging field.
Dimorphic evaluation of hippocampal changes in rat model of demyelination: A comparative functional, morphometric, and histological study
Authors: Nooraei Aref , Khazaeel Kaveh , Darvishi Marzieh , Ghotbeddin Zohreh , Basir Zahra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease. Progressive depletion of the brain and spinal cord tissue appears at the onset of the disease. Several studies have shown the increased size of the ventricles of the brain and decreases in the area of the corpus callosum and the width of the brain. Other important symptoms of this disease are cognitive, learning, and memory disorders.AimThe aim of this study was to compare morphometric, histological, and functional changes in the demyelination model in both sexes.Materials and methodsIn this experimental study, male and female Wistar rats were studied in four experimental groups. Demyelination was induced by the injection of ethidium bromide in the ventricular region. The chronic effect of demyelination on spatial memory, movement, and coordination was investigated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and clinical and balance beam tests, respectively. Myelin degradation, cell death and neurogenesis were estimated using Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunohistochemistry (Caspase‐3 and Nestin markers). In addition, morphometric findings were recorded for the brain and hippocampus (weight, volume, length, width).ResultDemyelination increased the time and distance index and decreased the residence time in the target quarter in the water maze test (p < .001). It also increases the neuromuscular and modified neurological severity score (p < .01). Demyelination increases caspase‐3 (p < .05) expression and decreases Nestin expression (p < .001), which are directly related to the extent of damage.ConclusionThis study showed an interaction between hippocampal structural and functional networks in explaining spatial learning and memory in the early stages of MS.
A multi‐perspective exploration of the environmental website disclosure in global manufacturing
Authors: Thimm Heiko , Rasmussen Karsten Boye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, more than 340 of the largest manufacturing companies from China, Europe, Japan, and the United States are analysed to measure the extent of their environmental website disclosure from multiple perspectives, to explore determining factors of disclosure and to investigate whether disclosure correlates to scores of environmental performance ratings. The study data set included more than 80 website observation items, data about downloadable annual sustainability reports, financial performance data and the environmental scores in the CDP Rating and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Descriptive statistical analyses and correlation analyses were performed for the entire sample and for the regional subsets of the sample. One of the major results is that all regions show low levels of website disclosure. However, some variation in the extent of disclosure was found. The lowest level of disclosure was found for Chinese websites. Higher levels were observed for the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States. The analysis of the reports revealed that only one‐third of the sample companies from China but more than half of the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States supply recent reports. It was also found that integrated reports are less used in the United States, particularly when compared with companies from Europe and Japan. Insights also suggest that there is a weak to moderate correlation between one of the disclosure scores used and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Further correlation analyses did not provide indications that company age and financial performance are to be considered determining factors of environmental website disclosure.
Circular business strategy challenges and opportunities for Industry 4.0: A social media data‐driven analysis
Authors: Bui Tat‐Dat , Tseng Jiun‐Wei , Tran Thi Phuong Thuy , Ha Hien Minh , Tseng Ming‐Lang , Lim Ming K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study contributes to state‐of‐the‐art circular business strategies (CBSs) for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) by designating the critical indicators since the advent of I4.0 and demonstrating the business challenges and opportunities for the global development of circularity‐based operations. Social media big data‐driven analysis is used to compare geographical regions, and suggestions are made to promote CBSs among regions. CBSs for I4.0 are receiving increasing attention, but a holistic viewpoint and an understanding of the indicators influencing their effective and successful implementation in each region are still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to determine the definitive CBS indicators for I4.0 and their opportunities and challenges across regions. As an enormous amount of multisource information is obtained from capitalizing on social media data analytics, firms can adopt social media data‐driven analysis, including content analysis, normal distribution tests, and the entropy weight method, to detect opportunities and challenges connected with the transformation to a CBS for I4.0. There are 28 validated indicators from the original set of relevant hashtags. The results show that the top indicators with a high level of difference among world regions selected for further discussion include waste management, vanguard leadership, deep learning, strategy execution, and collaboration. The findings of this study are a reference for decision‐makers to determine a suitable direction for CBS implementation, thus gaining sustainable competitive advantages.
Research progress of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Chen Leichong , Zong Yan , Li Qianwen , Zhu Kuikui , Li Zhenyu , Meng Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVesicles, also known as “microparticles”, are vesicle‐like structures that are released outside the cell in a “sprouting” manner when the cytoskeleton is changed during cell activation or apoptosis, with a diameter of about 100–1000 nm, and are carriers of material information exchange between cells. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles can effectively deliver drugs to the nucleus of tumor stem cells, thus effectively killing them without toxic side effects. The underlying mechanism involves the soft nature of tumor stem cells that allows better uptake of vesicles, and the entry of drug‐carrying vesicles into lysosomes and facilitation of lysosomal movement toward the nucleus to deliver drugs to the nucleus. Drug‐loaded vesicles have unique advantages, such as low immunogenicity, homing targeting ability, and the ability to break through the physiological barrier to tumor therapy. Tumor‐derived drug‐delivery vesicles have entered clinical trials for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. In this review, we summarized the progress of basic and clinical research on tumor cell‐derived drug‐loaded vesicles for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in recent years.
Challenges and Opportunities of Fe‐based Core‐Shell Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Agwara Jane N. , Bakas Nikki J. , Neidig Michael L. , Porosoff Marc D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFe‐based catalysts are an active, selective, and low‐cost option for tuning Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) selectivity toward desirable light olefins. By encapsulating Fe within ZSM‐5, the resultant core‐shell catalysts have the potential to control the product distribution via secondary reactions that occur over the acid sites of the zeolite shell. In this paper, Fe is encapsulated within ZSM‐5 via the seed‐directed growth technique and characterized with a suite of analytical techniques including Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Characterization of the core‐shell catalysts indicates that some of the Fe‐based active phase is destabilized during seed‐directed growth, demonstrating the challenges associated with encapsulating an Fe‐based active phase within zeolites. However, comparing FTS performance of the core‐shell catalyst with the Fe‐based control synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation demonstrates improved selectivity toward the desired C2‐C4 olefins and C5+ hydrocarbons.
Critical factors to inhibit water‐splitting side reaction in carbon‐based electrode materials for zinc metal anodes
Authors: Kang Dong Hyuk , Lee Eunji , Youn Beom Sik , Ha Son , Hyun Jong Chan , Yoon Juhee , Jang Dawon , Kim Kyoung Sun , Kim Hyungsub , Lee Sang Moon , Lee Sungho , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Yun Young Soo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractZinc metal anodes (ZMA) have high theoretical capacities (820 mAh g−1 and 5855 mAh cm−3) and redox potential (−0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), similar to the electrochemical voltage window of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a mild acidic electrolyte system, facilitating aqueous zinc batteries competitive in next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the HER and byproduct formation effectuated by water‐splitting deteriorate the electrochemical performance of ZMA, limiting their application. In this study, a key factor in promoting the HER in carbon‐based electrode materials (CEMs), which can provide a larger active surface area and guide uniform zinc metal deposition, was investigated using a series of three‐dimensional structured templating carbon electrodes (3D‐TCEs) with different local graphitic orderings, pore structures, and surface properties. The ultramicropores of CEMs are the determining critical factors in initiating HER and clogging active surfaces by Zn(OH)2 byproduct formation, through a systematic comparative study based on the 3D‐TCE series samples. When the 3D‐TCEs had a proper graphitic structure with few ultramicropores, they showed highly stable cycling performances over 2000 cycles with average Coulombic efficiencies of ≥99%. These results suggest that a well‐designed CEM can lead to high‐performance ZMA in aqueous zinc batteries.
A novel compression based community detection approach using hybrid honey badger African vulture optimization for online social networks
Authors: Kannan Sankara Nayaki , Mannathazhathu Sudheep Elayidom , Raghavan Rajesh 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYCommunity detection in online social media networks is to identify the connections of nodes within the network. The community can be determined as clusters, modules, or groups in different networks. Community detection is performed to find out the hidden relationships among the nodes in the network. Several works have been conducted till now to detect the community of nodes in the network however the performance is often affected due to the imprecise detection, time complexity, and so on. To detect the community of the nodes in the network effectively we have proposed a novel hybrid honey badger optimization‐based African vulture algorithm (HHBAVO). Prior to the application of HHBAVO, the networks are compressed to reduce the time complexity and effective identification of the community of nodes. The proposed honey badger optimization (HBO) and African vulture optimization (AVO) can be used to achieve global optimization. The algorithms are mainly hybridized to offer optimized global search. This is effectively used to search the nodes globally and to detect the relationship among the nodes. Experimental analyzes depict that the proposed approach can be used to detect the community of the nodes in the online social media networks effectively than the other approaches. For comparative purposes, we have taken state‐of‐art works such as GA, LSMD, DPCD, and ICLA approaches.
Polygenic Risk Score and Statin Relative Risk Reduction for Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in a Real‐World Population
Authors: Oni‐Orisan Akinyemi , Haldar Tanushree , Cayabyab Mari A.S. , Ranatunga Dilrini K. , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Iribarren Carlos , Krauss Ronald M. , Risch Neil 
Published: July 2022

Genetic substudies of randomized controlled trials demonstrate that high coronary heart disease (CHD) polygenic risk score modifies statin CHD relative risk reduction; it is unknown if the association extends to statin users undergoing routine care. We sought to determine how statin effectiveness is modified by CHD polygenic risk score in a real‐world cohort of participants without previous myocardial infarction. We determined CHD polygenic risk scores in participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. Covariate‐adjusted Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of cardiovascular outcomes between statin users and matched nonusers. Statin effectiveness on incident myocardial infarction showed no gradient with increasing 10‐year Pooled Cohort Equations atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk across low, borderline, intermediate, and high ASCVD risk score groups. In contrast, statin effectiveness by polygenic risk was largest in the high polygenic risk score group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31–0.53; P = 1.5E‐11), intermediate in the intermediate polygenic risk score group (HR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.47–0.66; P = 8.4E‐12), and smallest in the low polygenic risk score group (HR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.47–0.97; P = 0.03; P for high vs. low = 0.01). ASCVD risk and statin low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering did not differ across polygenic risk score groups. In patients undergoing routine care, CHD polygenic risk modified statin relative risk reduction of incident myocardial infarction independent of LDL‐C lowering. Our findings extend prior work by identifying a subset (i.e., self‐identified White individuals with low CHD polygenic risk scores) with attenuated clinical benefit from statins.