bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel distance‐based system reactive power index for system‐level reactive power reserve assessment
Authors: Rizvi Syed Muhammad Hur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVoltage stability of the power system is of major concern with ever‐increasing stress in the transmission network. The availability of ample reactive power reserve is essential to ensure voltage stability of the power system. Voltage stability and status of reactive power reserves can be monitored in real‐time by using synchrophasor measurements at a very fast reporting rate. Although much attention has been given to online voltage stability monitoring, there has been less focus on real‐time monitoring of reactive power reserve status. In this regard, the major contributions of the study are: (i) development of a novel distance‐based generalised approach for the computation of the system reactive power index, (ii) a proactive methodology for identification and impact estimation of the nearest Q‐limit breach and (iii) formulation of an optimisation problem to identify the limited number of critical generators that need PMUs for accurately predicting the value of the proposed index. The proposed scheme looks at the reactive power reserve of the generators in the network as numerical features. The istance between the base case and nose point numerical features is computed offline. The distance between the current operating point and nose point numerical features can be computed in an online manner. The ratio of these two distance measures is proposed as a system reactive power index. Moreover, a methodology to predict the post‐Q limit breach value of the index is also introduced. The proposed approach can be used with PMUs, linear state estimators or traditional SCADA measurements. Case studies for IEEE 57 and 118 bus test systems are presented to validate the performance of the proposed index.
Characterization and dynamics of the peculiar stream Jhelum
Authors: Woudenberg Hanneke C. , Koop Orlin , Balbinot Eduardo , Helmi Amina 
Published: November 2022

Context. Stellar streams are a promising tool to study the Milky Way’s dark matter subhalo population, as interactions with subhalos are expected to leave visible imprints in the streams in the form of substructure. However, there may be other causes of substructure.
Aims. Here we studied the kinematics and the unusual morphology of the stellar stream Jhelum.
Methods. Using a combination of ground-based photometry and Gaia EDR3 astrometry, we characterized the morphology of Jhelum. We combined this new data with radial velocities from the literature to perform orbit integrations of the stream in static Galactic potentials. We also carried out N-body simulations in the presence of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.
Results. The new data reveal a previously unreported tertiary component in the stream, as well as several gaps and a kink-like feature in its narrow component. We find that for a range of realistic Galactic potentials, no single orbit is able to reproduce Jhelum’s radial velocity data entirely. A generic property of the orbital solutions is that they share a similar orbital plane to Sagittarius and this leads to repeated encounters with the stream. Using N-body simulations that include a massive Sagittarius, we explored its effect on Jhelum, and we show that these encounters are able to qualitatively reproduce the narrow and broad components in Jhelum, as well as create a tertiary component in some cases. We also find evidence that such encounters can result in an apparent increase in the velocity dispersion of the stream by a factor up to four due to overlapping narrow and broad components.
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the Jhelum stream is even more complex than once thought; however, its morphology and kinematics can tentatively be explained via the interactions with Sagittarius. In this scenario, the formation of Jhelum’s narrow and broad components occurs naturally, yet some of the smaller gap-like features remain to be explained.
When malignancy hits twice – synchronous gastric carcinoma and non-Hodgkin-B-cell lymphoma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Krick David , Hauptmann Kathrin , Penndorf Volker , Tacke Frank , Krüger Renate , von Bernuth Horst , Sigal Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPatients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) generally bear a higher risk of non Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas and solid tumors, in particular gastric adenocarcinoma.Here we report a case of a 58-year-old male CVID patient who developed both malignancies within a very short period, as documented by two subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed within 4 months. While the first upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for routine surveillance purposes was uneventful, the second one after developing unexplained weight loss revealed two new neoplastic lesions in the stomach. The histological evaluation revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltrating the muscularis propria forcing gastrectomy as well as a high-grade B-non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with detection of a MYC- and BCL6-translocation, necessitating chemotherapy with R-CHOP.This case emphasizes the necessity of high awareness for gastric neoplasia in patients with CVID and highlights the need of a standardized yet not established endoscopic surveillance protocol for this vulnerable group.
„Hyposplenie“, eine weitgehend unerkannte Immunschwäche: Ist die Sonografie hilfreich?
Authors: Alhyari Amjad , Geisler Lisa , Eilsberger Friederike , Dietrich Christoph F. , Findeisen Hajo , Trenker Corinna , Görg Christian , Safai Zadeh Ehsan 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Immundefizienzsyndrom der funktionellen Hyposplenie/Asplenie ist weitgehend unerkannt.
Die Goldstandardprozedur stellt die Technetium-99m-Szintigrafie von hitzedenaturierten
Erythrozyten (TSZ) sowie der Nachweis von pitted Erythrozyten oder Howell-Jolly-Körperchen
(HJB) dar. Erste Arbeiten weisen darauf hin, dass dieses Krankheitsbild mit einer kleinen Milz
assoziiert ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Übersicht ist es, den Stellenwert der B-Bild-Sonografie
und der kontrastunterstützten Sonografie bei der Immunschwäche der Hyposplenie
darzustellen.
Minimally Invasive Approaches to DIEP flap Harvest: A review of
current data
Authors: Nores Gabriela del Pilar Garcia , Kanchwala Suhail 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the female population. Autologous
tissue is often used for reconstruction after mastectomy. The deep inferior
epigastric (DIEP) flap is a favorite for breast reconstruction because it
entails careful perforator dissection with less muscle destruction. Recently,
minimally invasive techniques in DIEP flap harvest have increased in popularity
but their complication rate and security profile may vary from one technique to
another. The purpose of this review study is to evaluate and compare two
minimally invasive surgical approaches to abdominal based free flap harvest: the
transabdominal pre-peritoneal robotic assisted DIEP flap harvest and total
extra-peritoneal laparoscopic DIEP flap harvest.
Warum der Wittenberger Anatom und Wissenschaftler Konrad Victor Schneider (1614–1680) auch für die Pneumologen bedeutsam ist
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike , Seifert Dietmar 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Wittenberger Arzt Konrad Victor Schneider (1614–1680) hat als Erster den Nachweis erbracht, dass Schleim nicht im Gehirn gebildet und auch nicht über das Siebbein in die Nasenhöhle sezerniert wird. Er hat erkannt, dass es keine offene anatomische Verbindung zwischen Gehirn und nasalem Luftraum gibt. Schneider hat die sinunasale Schleimhaut als Produktionsstätte des Schleims entdeckt und damit die Hypothese der zerebralen Schleimproduktion und -sekretion von Hippokrates, Galen und Vesal widerlegt. Zu Ehren von Schneider wurde die Schleimhaut „membrana Schneideria“ benannt.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Stepharine and (±)-Pronuciferine
Authors: Chen Ruiming , Jia Shihu , Cheng Hong-Gang , Zhou Qianghui , Man Yuning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA concise total synthesis of (±)-stepharine and (±)-pronuciferine using readily available reagents as the starting materials is reported. This synthesis features a three-component Catellani reaction/Au-catalyzed 6-exo-dig cyclization for the assembly of 1-methylene-tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold and an oxidative dearomatization for constructing spiro-cyclohexadienone scaffold.
Planes for Perforator/Skin Flap Elevation—Definition, Classification, and Techniques
Authors: Kwon Jin Geun , Brown Erin , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik John , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground Elevation in different layers achieving thin flaps are becoming relatively common practice for perforator flaps. Although postreconstruction debulking achieves pleasing aesthetic results and is widely practiced, customized approach during elevation to achieve the ideal thickness will increase efficiency while achieving the best possible aesthetic outcome. Multiple planes for elevation have been reported along with different techniques but it is quite confusing and may lack correspondence to the innate anatomy of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.Methods This article reviews the different planes of elevation and aims to clarify the definition and classification in accordance to anatomy and present the pros and cons of elevation based on the different layers and provide technical tips for elevation.Results Five different planes of elevation for perforator flaps are identified: subfascial, suprafacial, superthin, ultrathin, and subdermal (pure skin) layers based on experience, literature, and anatomy.Conclusion These planes all have their unique properties and challenges. Understanding the benefits and limits along with the technical aspect will allow the surgeon to better apply the perforator flaps.
Mechanistic and Synthetic Studies of Biaryl Birch Reductions
Authors: Koide Kazunori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Birch reduction of biaryls generally converts one of the two arenes into a cyclohexa-1,4-diene. Biaryls are more reactive than monocyclic arenes under the Birch conditions. Unlike the reduction of monocyclic arenes, biaryl reduction proceeds through two consecutive electron transfer steps before the protonation of the dianion intermediate. The biaryl reductions and subsequent alkylations in one pot rapidly increase the molecular complexity and thus have been used in the synthesis of natural products and drug-like molecules.1	Introduction2	The Physical Organic Chemistry of the Birch Reduction of Biaryls3	Biaryls as the Mediators of Electron Transfer4	Methods for the Dissolving-Metal Reduction of Biaryls5	Intercepting the Biaryl Reduction Intermediates with Electrophiles6	Synthetic Applications of the Dissolving-Metal-Mediated Reductions of Biaryls7	Outlook
Fistulotomy versus Fistulectomy for Fistula-in-Ano: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Hiremath Srikantaiah Chandra Sekhariah , Patil Rakesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Fistula-in-ano is common surgical ailment yet challenging to treat. Current management remains majorly dependent on two conventional surgical options (fistulotomy and fistulectomy), surgeon's preference, and their experience.
Methods This prospective, randomized study was conducted to compare fistulotomy with fistulectomy in the management of patients with simple fistula-in-ano. Fifty patients were recruited and randomized into two groups each containing 25 patients: group I was managed by fistulotomy and group II was managed by fistulectomy. The outcomes of the study include operating time, postsurgery hospital stay, wound healing time, postoperative pain, and postoperative complications.
Results Of the 50 patients, 11 (22%) were female and 39 (78%) were male with a mean age of 40.62 ± 12.86 years. The operating time in patients in the fistulotomy group was 21.96 ± 1.90 minutes and in the fistulectomy group was 31.32 ± 2.99 minutes (p ≤ 0.001). The mean postsurgical hospital stay in the fistulotomy group was 1.32 ± 0.47 days and in the fistulectomy group was 2.32 ± 0.69 days (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. Mean Visual Analog Scale score was higher in fistulectomy when compared with the fistulotomy at 6 hours and at discharge (p ≤ 0.05). Postoperative complications were also found to be less in fistulotomy patients compared with patients who underwent fistulectomy.
Conclusion In comparison to a fistulectomy, fistulotomy has a slight edge in terms of operating time, postsurgery hospital stay, wound healing time, postoperative pain, and postoperative complications. Fistulotomy yielded better results than fistulectomy and we recommend fistulotomy procedure as a treatment of choice in patients with simple low lying fistula-in-ano.
Excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the sequential two-photon excitation mechanism of a photochromic molecular switch
Authors: Burns Kristen H. , Quincy Timothy J. , Elles Christopher G. 
Published: November 2022

Some diarylethene molecular switches have a low quantum yield for cycloreversion when excited by a single photon, but react more efficiently following sequential two-photon excitation. The increase in reaction efficiency depends on both the relative time delay and the wavelength of the second photon. This paper examines the wavelength-dependent mechanism for sequential excitation using excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe the ultrafast (sub-30 fs) dynamics on the upper electronic state following secondary excitation. The approach uses femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) to measure the time-gated, excited-state resonance Raman spectrum in resonance with two different excited-state absorption bands. The relative intensities of the Raman bands reveal the initial dynamics in the higher-lying states, Sn, by providing information on the relative gradients of the potential energy surfaces that are accessed via secondary excitation. The excited-state resonance Raman spectra reveal specific modes that become enhanced depending on the Raman excitation wavelength, 750 or 400 nm. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 750 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as vibrational motions localized on the central cyclohexadiene ring. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 400 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as motions along the conjugated backbone and peripheral phenyl rings. These observations are consistent with earlier measurements that showed higher efficiency following secondary excitation into the lower excited-state absorption band and illustrate a powerful new way to probe the ultrafast dynamics of higher-lying excited states immediately following sequential two-photon excitation.
Sexual activities and condom use among heterosexual men and women engaged in mixed-gender group sex events in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Lew Chen , Fairley Christopher K. , Tran Julien , Phillips Tiffany R. , Ong Jason J. , Aung Ei T. , Maddaford Kate , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Chen Marcus Y. , Chow Eric P. F. 
Published: November 2022

Background Few studies investigate group sex among heterosexuals. The aim of this study was to provide an exploration of characteristics and practices among heterosexual men and women who engage in group sex. Method We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 2019 and March 2020 among heterosexual men and women attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were asked whether they had participated in group sex (sex involving more than two participants) in the past 3 months, the size of the most recent event, sexual activities in which they engaged, and condom use. Results Of 3277 heterosexuals surveyed (1509 women and 1768 men), the mean age was 29.9 years (s.d. 8.8) and more than half (56.0%, n = 1834) were born outside Australia. One in 20 participants (5.4%) had engaged in group sex in the past 3 months with the number of events ranging 1–10 times. Kissing was the most common activity in group sex, and women were significantly more likely to kiss a same-sex partner than men. Overall, of 165 participants who engaged in vaginal sex, 57 (34.5%) reported always using condoms and changing condoms between consecutive partners. Of the 100 men and women who had condomless vaginal sex, 79 (79.0%) received or performed fellatio after condomless vaginal sex. Conclusion About two-thirds of heterosexuals who engaged in group sex neither used condoms nor changed condoms between partners in the most recent group sex event. Safe sex messages on changing condoms between partners and between sexual activities should be reinforced for sexually transmitted infections prevention.
Pandemic fatigue fueled political discontent during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik , Bor Alexander , Rasmussen Magnus Storm , Lindholt Marie Fly , Petersen Michael Bang 
Published: November 2022

Health authorities have highlighted “pandemic fatigue” as a psychological consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and warned that “fatigue” could demotivate compliance with health-related policies and mandates. Yet, fatigue from following the policies of authorities may have consequences far beyond the health domain. Theories from the social sciences have raised that real and perceived costs of policies can also drive sentiments of discontent with the entire political establishment. Integrating theories from the health and social sciences, we ask how pandemic fatigue (i.e., perceived inability to “keep up” with restrictions) developed over the pandemic and whether it fueled political discontent. Utilizing longitudinal and panel surveys collected from September 2020 to July 2021 in eight Western countries (N = 49,116), we analyze: 1) fatigue over time at the country level, 2) associations between pandemic fatigue and discontent, and 3) the effect of pandemic fatigue on political discontent using panel data. Pandemic fatigue significantly increased with time and the severity of interventions but also decreased with COVID-19 deaths. When triggered, fatigue elicited a broad range of discontent, including protest support and conspiratorial thinking. The results demonstrate the significant societal impact of the pandemic beyond the domain of health and raise concerns about the stability of democratic societies, which were already strained by strife prior to the pandemic.
Relative construction in Hittite
Authors: Lyutikova Ekaterina , Sideltsev Andrei 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe paper proposes a novel structural analysis of Hittite determinate relative clauses on the basis of a corpus study considering a wider and fuller array of Hittite data than ever before. In Hittite, relativewh-phrases attest a wide range of linear positions: first/initial, clause-second, immediately preverbal or even postverbal. We build upon the current assumption thatwh-pronouns are clitics and thus their placement is determined by the syntax-prosody interface. As for the syntactic component, we argue against thein situconstrual ofwh-elements. Instead, we propose that what linearly appears to be clause-second, preverbal or postverbal position of thewh-pronoun is structurally associated with Spec, FinP. The prosodic component is provided by the standardly acknowledged prosodic inversion, but the prosodic domain for the placement ofwh-clitics is not clausal (CP), it is rather to be identified with a smaller domain within CP, namely, FinP. We also provide the first ever systematic treatment of splitwh-phrases which are highly problematic for existing approaches but are fully accounted for by our analysis.
Topology optimization design of compliant amplification mechanisms with low parasitic displacement
Authors: Wang Qiliang , Wei Jianming , Long Yiping , Tan Jianping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compliant amplification mechanisms amplify input displacement in the desired output direction. However, owing to structural design, parasitic motion can easily be produced in an unexpected direction. The parasitic motion has a negative effect on the motion accuracy of the mechanism. To solve this problem, a topology optimization method for compliant amplification mechanisms with low parasitic displacement was proposed. Based on the variable density topology optimization method, the topology optimization model of the compliant amplification mechanism was established with the goal of increasing the output displacement and reducing the parasitic displacement. Volume ratio was set as constraint condition. The optimization criterion method were used to solve the problem and topology optimized amplification mechanisms (TOAMs) were obtained. Simultaneously, the configuration characteristics and displacement amplification ratios of the mechanism under different virtual spring stiffnesses were compared. To verify the validity of the method, the performance of the TOAM and the typical amplification mechanism (TAM) were compared using finite element simulation. The displacement amplification ratio is 5.95 and 3.17, and the relative parasitic displacement is 0.6% and 10.27%, respectively. Finally, the performance of the TOAM and the TAM was verified by experiments. The displacement amplification ratio is 5.72 and 3.06, and the relative parasitic displacement is 0.95% and 10.64%, respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that the TOAM has a larger displacement amplification ratio and a lower parasitic displacement, which verifies the validity of this method.
An EAM potential for α-brass copper–zinc alloys: application to plasticity and fracture
Authors: Clement Antoine , Auger Thierry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An embedded atom method potential has been developed for copper–zinc alloys valid from 0% to 37% zinc content (dedicated to describe the α fcc phase). It has been fit to a set of first-principles data for the fcc copper, the fcc Cu3Zn DO
23 phase and Zn on a fcc lattice. Elastic anisotropies, the lattice parameter, cohesive energy are used as input. Ponctual defects, surface energies, intrinsic stacking fault and phonon spectrum have been computed and compare well with experimental trends. This potential has been used to study dislocation dissociation and dislocation emission at a crack tip up to 30% Zn. Dislocation emission at the crack tip is correctly described compared with recent parametrization including the surface energy. It is found that with alloying, dislocation emission becomes easier following the decrease of the unstable stacking fault energy with Zn concentration, a non-trivial finding. This potential is therefore well suited to carry out basic studies of plasticity and fracture in α-brass alloys.
On the bending of rectangular atomic monolayers along different directions: an ab initio study
Authors: Kumar Shashikant , Suryanarayana Phanish 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the bending of rectangular atomic monolayers along different directions from first principles. Specifically, choosing the phosphorene, GeS, TiS3, and As2S3 monolayers as representative examples, we perform Kohn–Sham density functional theory calculations to determine the variation in transverse flexoelectric coefficient and bending modulus with the direction of bending. We find that while the flexoelectric coefficient is nearly isotropic, there is significant and complex anisotropy in bending modulus that also differs between the monolayers, with extremal values not necessarily occurring along the principal directions. In particular, the commonly adopted orthotropic continuum plate model with uniform thickness fails to describe the observed variations in bending modulus for GeS, TiS3, and As2S3. We determine the direction-dependent effective thickness for use in such continuum models. We also show that the anisotropy in bending modulus is not associated with the rehybridization of atomic orbitals.