bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, practice, and their associated factor towards Diabetes Mellitus among peoples live in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia 2020 GC
Authors: Simachew Addisu , Temesgen Habtamu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease in which there is high blood glucose level over a prolonged period of time, chronic multi system disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization and both. Risk of diabetes are obesity, being young or old age, family history of diabetes, history gestational diabetes, impaired, glucose metabolism, physical inactivity and ethnicity/race respectively. In type one diabetes mellitus insulin injection is needed to control the blood glucose level where as in type two diabetes mellitus the first line treatment is life style modification like diet management, exercise, and weight reduction then if uncontrolled use oral hypoglycemic agent.Objective: The main aim of the study was to assess Knowledge, Attitude, practice and their associated factor towards diabetes mellitus in Debre Markos town, northwest , Amhara Regional state, Ethiopia 2020 GC.Methodology: a community based cross-sectional study was conduct from June to July for 403 respondents using systematic random sampling technique to select the household after select the first household by lottery method. Data collected through self administered questions, the collected data process and analysis manually using pen, pencil, tally sheet and present in tables, graphs and charts respectively.Result: based on our study 138 (34.6%) of the respondents were classified as having inadequate knowledge, whereas 261(65.4%) of the respondents were deemed to be knowledgeable. from the participant 186(46.6%) had unfavorable attitude while 213(53.4%) had favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Overall practice of the participant was 37.8% good practice and 62.2% poor practice. Single individuals 5.133 times (AOR=5.133, CI=1.737, 15.051) more likely knowledgeable than those divorced. Family history of diabetes mellitus 5.019 times (AOR=5.02- CI=1.59-15.76) more likely had favorable attitude than those who had no family history of DM. secondary educational level were 2.34 times (AOR=2.34, CI=1.14- 0.78) more likely good practice than those with able to read and write and persons in primary educational level. DM patients 2.811 times (AOR=2.81-95%, CI=0.99- 7.97) more likely good practice than non-diabetic.Conclusion: majority of the participant’s relatively knowledgeable. The overall attitude of the participant was more than half was favorable attitude. Majority of the study participants were poor practice regarding to DM controlling and management. Knowledge of the participant highly significant association with marital status, income and practice, practice also strong association with level of education and attitude significantly associated with family history of DM
The Effect of Information-Driven Resource Allocation on the Propagation of Epidemic with Incubation Period
Authors: Zhu Xuzhen , Liu Yuxin , Wang Xiaochen , Zhang Yuexia , Liu Shengzhi , Ma Jinming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the pandemic of COVID-19, there are exposed individuals who are infected but lack distinct clinical symptoms. In addition, the diffusion of related information drives aware individuals to spontaneously seek resources for protection. The special spreading characteristic and coevolution of different processes may induce unexpected spreading phenomena. Thus we construct a three-layered network framework to explore how information-driven resource allocation affects SEIS (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Susceptible) epidemic spreading. The analyses utilizing microscopic Markov chain approach reveal that the epidemic threshold depends on the topology structure of epidemic network, and the processes of information diffusion and resource allocation. Conducting extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we find some crucial phenomena in the coevolution of information diffusion, resource allocation and epidemic spreading. Firstly, when E-state (exposed state, without symptoms) individuals are infectious, long incubation period results in more E-state individuals than I-state (infected state, with obvious symptoms) individuals. Besides, when E-state individuals have strong or weak infectious capacity, increasing incubation period have an opposite effect on epidemic propagation. Secondly, the short incubation period induces the first-order phase transition. But enhancing the efficacy of resources would convert the phase transition to a second-order type. Finally, comparing the coevolution in networks with different topologies, we find setting the epidemic layer as scale-free network can inhibit the spreading of the epidemic.
Reduced endothelial activation upon human blood perfusion of pig kidney xenografts lacking MHC class I and three xenoantigens
Authors: Lin Lin , Witjas Franca , Fischer Konrad , Engelse Marten , de Graaf Annemarie , Rieblinger Beate , Fischer Andrea , Wang Ying , Herrera Monica , Milusev Anastasia , Wang Fei , Liang Xue , Xiang Xi , Xie Lin , Liu Ping , Chen Fang , Jiang Hui , Yang Huanming , Bolund Lars , Despont Alain , Rieben Robert , Steiger Katja , Kooten Cees van , Schnieke Angelika , Rabelink Ton , Luo Yonglun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Genetically tailored pigs to eliminate human immune rejection of xenografts is one promising solution to the global donor organ shortage. The development of xenograft transplantation has however been hampered by incomplete understanding of its immune rejection and the inability to test this in a human transplantation setting. Here we use an ex vivo organ perfusion system with human whole blood to assess the initial immune activation within the xenograft endothelium at single cell transcriptome level. Renal injury, complement deposition, coagulation and lymphocyte influx are all strongly reduced in genetically modified pig kidneys with porcine MHC class I and three xenoantigens (GGTA1, CMAH, B4GALNT2) eliminated (4KO) compared to wildtype (WT) pig kidneys after 6-hours human blood perfusion. Single cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cells (EC) from 4KO and WT pig kidneys respectively reveal that there is a compartment (cortex, glomeruli and medulla) specific endothelial activation, with cortical and glomeruli endothelial cells being more affected. Differential gene expression analysis shows a downregulation of endothelial transcriptome activation response to human blood perfusion in the 4KO ECs. Pathway enrichment analysis further identify the NF-kB pathway as strongly activated in human blood perfused WT ECs but diminished in the 4KO. In conclusion, the 4KO pig model has strongly reduced endothelial immune activation response when perfused with human whole blood, that goes beyond prevention of humoral rejection. Our data support further development of the 4KO for use in clinical transplantation.
Outcomes of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Zheng Chuanzhen , Wang Kaixuan , Guo Kailei , Tao Qingqin , Li Xiaorong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to report the clinical profile and outcomes of retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, and to evaluate the correlation between PED and the subsequent development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) throughout the whole corticosteroid treatment course.materials and methodsA total of 470 eyes with VKH were reviewed, and 12 eyes with VKH and PED were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to the CSC onset or not throughout the whole course (CSC group and non-CSC group). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement, and PED angle (PEDA, the angle between the two lines of the vertex of the lifted retinal pigment epithelium to the two edge points of the Bruch membrane) were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe prevalence of PED and CSC in VKH was 2.55% (12/470) and 1.06% (5/470), respectively. BCVA improvement in the non-CSC group was greater than that in the CSC group, but without a statistical difference (P=0.25). PEDA was significantly smaller in the CSC group than in the non-CSC group (P=0.03).DiscussionPEDA is an ideal parameter to reflect hydrostatic pressure and stretches for RPE. As PED predisposes to the development of CSC in selected VKH eyes, PEDA may be a valuable predictive factor for the development of CSC in VKH patients.
The Role of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in Predicting Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Elderly Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection
Authors: Xiaowei Mao , Wei Zhang , Fang Hu , Yanjie Niu , Qiang Wang , Ai-ting Lu , Jiabing Liu , Liyan Jiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The relationship between immunonutritional status (eg. Prognostic nutritional index [PNI] and Controlling Nutritional Status [COUNT] score) and risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after surgical resection of lung cancer had reported before. However, another immunonutritional parameter- Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI)-had never explored.
Method

To address this issue, in this study we retrospectively analyzed patients’ characteristics and PPCs in a cohort of lung cancer patients who were treated by surgical resection at our center. The clinical utility of patients’ characteristics for predicting PPCs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the Youden index. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to find the most important factors.
Result

A total of 128 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Significant differences in sex, GNRI, FEV1%, LY% were found between the PPC and non-PPC groups (all P<0.05). The difference in pathology between the 2 groups showed borderline statistical significance (P=0.052). We determined the best cutoff value of each parameter and calculated the corresponding sensitivity and specificity, and found that GNRI, FEV1% and LY% had similar diagnostic value. Multivariate analysis reveled GNRI, sex, LY% and FEV1% were filtered to be correlated to PPCs of elderly lung cancer patients received surgery therapy.
Conclusion

These results indicate that preoperative immunonutritional parameters of GNRI can be used to identify elderly lung cancer patients at risk of PPCs.
Neuromuscular Excercise in Children with Down Syndrome. A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodríguez-Grande Eliana-Isabel , Vargas-Pinilla Olga-Cecilia , Torres-Narvaez Martha-Rocio , Rodríguez-Malagón Nelcy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective

to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular exercise, specifying the parameters and characteristics of effective interventions to improve balance, muscle strength and flexibility in children with DS between the ages of 4 and 18 years.
Data Sources:

A search was carried out on PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, SCIELO, Lilacs, Cochrane library.
Study Selection:

The search yielded 1384 eligible articles. Randomized clinical trials were selected, and that would have reported the effectiveness in the outcomes.
Data Extraction:

The methodology and results of the studies were critically appraised in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes guidelines.
Data Synthesis:

Ten studies were included. The interventions included mechanotherapy, vibration, and use of different unstable surfaces. The exercise frequency ranged from three days to five days a week, and the duration of each session was between six and 15 minutes. The frequency was between two and three times a week for 6 and 12 weeks and the intensity was between 60% and 80% of maximum resistance (MR).
Conclusion

neuromuscular exercise appears to be effective for the improvement of both lower limb and chest muscle strength and balance in children over 8 years of age.
Integrated Water Balance and Water Quality Management Under Future Climate Change and Population Growth: A Case Study of Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon
Authors: Slaymane Rana Salim Abou , Soliman M. Reda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The impacts of the growing population at Lebanon including Lebanese, Palestinian and Syrian refugees, associated with the changing climate parameters such that the precipitation are putting the Bekaa Valley’s water resources in a stymie situation. The water resources are under significant stress limiting the water availability and deteriorating the water quality at the Upper Litani River Basin (ULRB) within the Bekaa Valley region. These impacts are assessed by Water Evaluation And Planning model to assure the water balance and quality at baseline scenario in 2013, and future scenarios reaching 2095, serving by the Watershed Modeling System to get the flow throughout the Litani River’s ungauged zones. Moreover, a General Circulation Model is used to predict the future climate up to 2100 under several emissions scenarios which shows a critical situation at the high emission scenario where the precipitation will be reduced about 87 mm from 2013 to 2095. The aim of this research is to reduce the water pollution that limits the availability of usable water, and to minimize the gap between the demand and supply of water within the ULRB in order to maintain water resources sustainability, and preserves its quality, even after 80 years. In particular, this may be achieved by removing encroachments on the river, by adding waste water treatment plants, by reducing the amount of lost water in damaged water network, and by avoiding the overconsumption of groundwater.
Expression of OLFM4 and Lysozyme During Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Volvulus in Newborns: a Comparative Observational Research Study
Authors: Diez Sonja , Renner Marcus , Bahlinger Veronika , Hartmann Arndt , Besendörfer Manuel , Müller Hanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and volvulus the inflammatory response is mediated by a plurality of different proteins. The proteins olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and lysozyme (LYZ) are part of the intestinal mucosal defense and especially OLFM4 has rarely been evaluated in neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of OLFM4 and lysozyme during NEC and volvulus in neonates. Methods: Intestinal tissues of patients with NEC and patients with volvulus were examined using immunohistochemical staining of OLFM4 and lysozyme of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of resected tissue. Staining-positive tissues were semi-quantitatively scored from 0 (no staining), 1 (weak staining), 2 (moderate staining) to 3 (highly intense staining) by two individual investigators.Results: Both applied antibodies against OLFM4 showed different staining patterns with higher staining intensity of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M). OLFM4 (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 3.0) and lysozyme (median score: 3.0) are highly expressed in intestinal and immune cells during NEC. The expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme in tissue with intestinal volvulus was also observable (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 1.25) and median score of the antibody against LYZ: 2.0), but lower levels could be seen in comparison to tissue with NEC (p=0.033 and p=0.037, respectively).Conclusions: Both proteins, OLFM4 and lysozyme, may play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC and volvulus in neonatal patients, but the exact mechanisms of OLFM4 and lysozyme function and their role in immunological responses have not yet been resolved. These observations add new insights as basis for further large-scale population research.
Association Between The Discharge Process And Post-Discharge Events In Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Lee Hyeongsuk , Min Na Eun , Park Jae-Hyeong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: HF is a burden on healthcare resources due to the high cost of frequent readmissions. Predictive models have been reported for the post-discharge prognosis of HF. However, these models mostly included non-modifiable factors and their predictive accuracy was limited. This implies that potentially modifiable factors are needed, which could be attributed to the discharge process. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the discharge process and post-discharge events in patients with HF.Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify patients who were admitted for HF exacerbation. Information related to the discharge process included post-discharge clinic appointments, educational contents before discharge, and family participation during patient education. HF-related events were defined as a composite of events, including emergency department visits, readmissions, or death. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the association between the discharge process and HF-related events.Results: Of 201 patients, 41 had at least one HF-related event. Post-discharge clinic appointments were scheduled 8 days after discharge. Patients received their discharge education on average of one topic, and approximately the families of 70% of the patients participated in this educational activity. In the Cox regression model, family participation during education was independently associated with a longer time to HF events (hazard ratio: 2.105). However, and post-discharge follow-up appointments and the number of educational contents received were not associated with the time to HF events. Conclusion: We found that family participation during education is a protective factor for adverse prognosis in patients with HF. Our results highlight the importance of family engagement in HF management.
GPX4 Plays a Crucial Role in Fuzheng Kang’ai Decoction-Induced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Ferroptosis
Authors: Zhao Yue-Yang , Yang Yu-Qi , Sheng Hong-Hao , Tang Qing , Han Ling , Wang Su-Mei , Wu Wan-Yin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Fuzheng Kang’ai decoction (FZKA) has been widely used to treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients in China for decades, showing definite curative effects in clinic. Recently, we found that FZKA could induce NSCLC cell ferroptosis, another type of programmed cell death (PCD), which is totally different from cell apoptosis. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to discover the exact mechanism by which FZKA induces NSCLC cell ferroptosis, which is rarely studied in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Methods: Cell counting kit-8 assay and EdU proliferation assay were performed to detect the cell viability. Cell ferroptosis triggered by FZKA was observed by performing lipid peroxidation assay, Fe2+ Ions assay, and mitochondrial ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy. Ferroptosis inhibitors including liproxstatin-1 and UAMC 3203 were used to block ferroptosis. The ratio of GSH/GSSG was done to measure the alteration of oxidative stress. Western blot and qRT-PCR were carried out to detect the expression of SLC7A11, SLC3A2, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) at protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Lentivirus transfection was performed to overexpress GPX4 stably. Animal model was done to verify the effect of FZKA-induced ferroptosis in NSCLC in vivo and immunohistochemistry was done to detect the expression of SLC7A11, SLC3A2 and GPX4 at protein level. Results: First of all, in vitro experiments confirmed the inhibition effect of FZKA on NSCLC cell growth. We then, for the first time, found that FZKA induced NSCLC cell ferroptosis evidently, by increasing lipid peroxidation and cellular Fe2+ Ions. Moreover, characteristic morphological changes of NSCLC cell ferroptosis was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Mechanistically, GPX4, as a key inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, was greatly suppressed by FZKA treatment both at protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, system xc- (SLC7A11 and SLC3A2) were found to be suppressed and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio was observed at the same time by treating with FZKA. Notably, overexpressing GPX4 reversed the effect of FZKA-induced NSCLC cell ferroptosis significantly. Finally, the above effect was validated using animal model in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that GPX4 plays a crucial role in FZKA-induced NSCLC cell ferroptosis, providing a novel molecular mechanism by which FZKA treats NSCLC.
Effects of Planted Pollinator Habitat On Bee Health And Interspecific Pathogen Detection
Authors: Levenson Hannah K. , Tarpy David R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shared resources can instigate pathogen spread due to large congregations of individuals in both natural and human modified resources. Of concern is the addition of pollinator habitat in conservation efforts as it attracts bees of various species, potentially instigating interspecific sharing of pathogens. Common pathogens have been documented across a wide variety of pollinators with shared floral resources instigating their spread in some, but not all, cases. To evaluate the impact of augmented pollinator habitat on bee health, we screened samples from eight bee species across three families against a panel of 9 pathogens using RT-qPCR. While we found that some habitat characteristics influenced pathogen detection, we found no evidence that pathogen detection in one bee species was correlated with pathogen detection in another. These findings suggest factors other than the habitat itself may be more critical in the dissemination of diseases among bee species. However, we found high levels of gut parasites in some bee species which may be of concern, such as Bombus pensylvanicus. Future monitoring of bee health at augmented pollinator habitat is needed to ensure pathogens do not build up over time to then spread within their communities.