bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral transfers lead to the birth of momilactone biosynthetic gene clusters in grass
Authors: Wu Dongya , Hu Yiyu , Akashi Shota , Nojiri Hideaki , Guo Longbiao , Ye Chu‐Yu , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Okada Kazunori , Fan Longjiang 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYMomilactone A, an important plant labdane‐related diterpenoid, functions as a phytoalexin against pathogens and an allelochemical against neighboring plants. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of momilactone A are found in clusters, i.e., momilactone A biosynthetic gene clusters (MABGCs), in the rice and barnyardgrass genomes. In addition, we know little about the origin and evolution of MABGCs. Here, we integrated results from comprehensive phylogeny and comparative genomic analyses of the core genes of MABGC‐like clusters and MABGCs in 40 monocot plant genomes, providing convincing evidence for the birth and evolution of MABGCs in grass species. The MABGCs found in the PACMAD clade of the core grass lineage (including Panicoideae and Chloridoideae) originated from a MABGC‐like cluster in Triticeae (BOP clade) via lateral gene transfer (LGT) and followed by recruitment of MAS1/2 and CYP76L1 genes. The MABGCs in Oryzoideae originated from PACMAD through another LGT event and lost CYP76L1 afterwards. The Oryza MABGC and another Oryza diterpenoid cluster c2BGC are two distinct clusters, with the latter originating from gene duplication and relocation within Oryzoideae. Further comparison of the expression patterns of the MABGC genes between rice and barnyardgrass in response to pathogen infection and allelopathy provides novel insights into the functional innovation of MABGCs in plants. Our results demonstrate LGT‐mediated origination of MABGCs in grass and shed lights into the evolutionary innovation and optimization of plant biosynthetic pathways.
Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance: evidence for genotype‐by‐environment interactions
Authors: Coast Onoriode , Posch Bradley C. , Rognoni Bethany G. , Bramley Helen , Gaju Oorbessy , Mackenzie John , Pickles Claire , Kelly Alison M. , Lu Meiqin , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Trethowan Richard , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYHigh temperature stress inhibits photosynthesis and threatens wheat production. One measure of photosynthetic heat tolerance is Tcrit – the critical temperature at which incipient damage to photosystem II (PSII) occurs. This trait could be improved in wheat by exploiting genetic variation and genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEI). Flag leaf Tcrit of 54 wheat genotypes was evaluated in 12 thermal environments over 3 years in Australia, and analysed using linear mixed models to assess GEI effects. Nine of the 12 environments had significant genetic effects and highly variable broad‐sense heritability (H2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.75). Tcrit GEI was variable, with 55.6% of the genetic variance across environments accounted for by the factor analytic model. Mean daily growth temperature in the month preceding anthesis was the most influential environmental driver of Tcrit GEI, suggesting biochemical, physiological and structural adjustments to temperature requiring different durations to manifest. These changes help protect or repair PSII upon exposure to heat stress, and may improve carbon assimilation under high temperature. To support breeding efforts to improve wheat performance under high temperature, we identified genotypes superior to commercial cultivars commonly grown by farmers, and demonstrated potential for developing genotypes with greater photosynthetic heat tolerance.
Step by step transfusion timeline and its challenges in trauma: A retrospective study in a level one trauma center
Authors: Boye Matthieu , Py Nicolas , Libert Nicolas , Chrisment Anne , Pissot Mathieu , Dedome Emmanuel , Martinaud Christophe , Ausset Sylvain , Boutonnet Mathieu , De Rudnicki Stéphane , Pasquier Pierre , Martinez Thibault 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of preventable early death in trauma patients. Transfusion management is guided by international guidelines promoting early and aggressive transfusion strategies. This study aimed to describe transfusion timelines in a trauma center and to identify key points to performing early and efficient transfusions.MethodsThis is a monocentric retrospective study of 108 severe trauma patients, transfused within the first 48 h and hospitalized in an intensive care unit between January 2017 and May 2019.RESULTSOne hundred and eight patients were transfused with 1250 labile blood products. Half of these labile blood products were transfused within 3 h of admission and consumed by 26 patients requiring massive transfusion (≥4 red blood cells [RBC] within 1 h). Among these, the median delay from patient's admission to labile blood products prescription was −11 min (−34 to −1); from admission to delivery of labile blood products was 1 min (−20 to 16); and from admission to first transfusion was 20 min (7–37) for RBC, 26 min (13–38) for plasma, and 72 min (51–103) for platelet concentrates. The anticipated prescription of labile blood products and the use of massive transfusion packs and lyophilized plasma units were associated with earlier achievement of high transfusion ratios.ConclusionThis study provides detailed data on the transfusion timelines and composition, from prescription to initial transfusion. Transfusion anticipation, use of preconditioned transfusion packs including platelets, and lyophilized plasma allow rapid and high‐ratio transfusion practices in severe trauma patients.
In-Plane Viscoelasticity of Graphene Oxide Thin Film Due to the Reversible Interfacial Adhesion
Authors: Yao Meicheng , Li Gaofeng , Xu Yan , Chen Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the utilization of a representative volume element, we investigate the effect of interfacial adhesion on the in-plane viscoelasticity of graphene oxide thin films. A multiple-bond contact model is employed for the interfacial adhesion due to the dynamic association and dissociation of molecular bonds. With an explicit finite element method, we simulate stress–strain curves upon uniaxial loading. Our results reveal that the reversible interfacial adhesion leads to the viscoelasticity of thin films. We further find that the thickness of layers within thin films and also other parameters can have a strong effect on the viscoelasticity of thin films. Local buckling/wrinkling of layers similar to that within engineered graphene oxide thin films is also observed in some simulations. This work might provide important insights into the fabrication of graphene oxide thin films with desirable mechanical performance.
Efficient Design Guidelines for Innovative Aerial Robot Design
Authors: Tan Chee How , Hölttä-Otto Katja , Foong Shaohui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The field of aerial robotics has advanced rapidly, but the design knowledge has not yet been codified into reusable design guidelines. Design guidelines have been developed for many mechanical design areas to advance the field itself and help novice designers benefit from past expert knowledge more easily. We used an inductive approach and collected 90 aerial robot examples by reviewing recent work in aerial robotics and studying the key motivations, features, functionalities, and potential design contradictions. Then, design guidelines are derived by identifying patterns and grouping them by the problem they solve and the innovation made to solve it iteratively. From this, we find 35 unique design examples that can be grouped into either 14 design guidelines for more sensing, battery, mission, or actuation efficiency; or to improve the desired functionality in an aerial robot such as reducing complexity or improving how the robot can interact with objects or its environment. The derived guidelines are validated for thematic saturation using convergence analysis and its utility through a qualitative design study involving novices and experienced designers working on two design problems. The design guidelines presented in this research can support the design of future innovative aerial robots.
Feasibility of and experience using a portable MRI scanner in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Sien Maura E , Robinson Amie L , Hu Houchun H , Nitkin Chris R , Hall Ara S , Files Marcie G , Artz Nathan S , Pitts John T , Chan Sherwin S 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveA portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children’s hospital.Study designThis was a single-site prospective cohort study in neonates ≥2 kg conducted between October and December 2020. All parents provided informed consent. Neonates underwent portable MRI examination in the NICU with support equipment powered on and attached to the neonate during the examination. A paediatric radiologist interpreted each portable MRI examination. The study outcome variable was percentage of portable MRI examinations completed without artefacts that would hinder diagnosis. Findings were compared between portable MRI examinations and standard of care examinations.ResultsEighteen portable, low-field MRI examinations were performed on 14 neonates with an average age of 29.7 days (range 1–122 days). 94% (17 of 18) of portable MRI examinations were acquired without significant artefact. Significant intracranial pathology was visible on portable MRI, but subtle abnormalities were missed. The examination reads were concordant in 59% (10 of 17) of cases and significant pathology was missed in 12% (2 of 17) of cases.ConclusionThis single-centre series demonstrated portable MRI examinations can be performed safely with standard patient support equipment present in the NICU. These findings demonstrate that portable MRI could be used in the future to guide care in the NICU setting.Trial registration numberNCT04629469.
Coverage of social assistance in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time-to-event analysis
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini Sunil , Mulat Addis Kassahun , Mao Wenhui , Diab Mohamed M , Ogbuoji Osondu 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveIn a pandemic, government assistance is essential to support the most vulnerable households as they face health and economic challenges. However, government assistance is effective only when it reaches vulnerable households in time. In this paper, we estimated the timeliness of government assistance for the most vulnerable households (ie, the poor households) in Ethiopia during its COVID-19 response of 2020. In particular, we conducted a time-to-event analysis to compare the time to receive government assistance between poor and non-poor households in Ethiopia.MethodsWe used a semiparametric Cox proportional model to evaluate whether the time to first receipt of government assistance during the COVID-19 response in 2020 differed between poor and non-poor Ethiopian households. We used the Schoenfeld test to check the proportionality assumption and conducted the stratified Cox regression analysis to adjust for non-proportional variables. The data from World Bank’s High-Frequency Phone Surveys on COVID-19 and the 2019 Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey were used for this analysis.ResultsWe found that the poor households in rural areas were 88% (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.98) more likely to receive government assistance than non-poor households at any point within 10 months after the start of the pandemic. However, there was no significant difference between urban poor and non-poor households’ likelihood of receiving government assistance during this timeframe.ConclusionThe Ethiopian government has leveraged its existing social protection network to quickly reach poor households in rural areas during the COVID-19 response of 2020. The country will need to continue strengthening and scaling the existing social protection systems to accurately target the wider vulnerable population in urban areas.
Treatment satisfaction in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis initiated on teriflunomide in routine clinical practice: Australian observational data
Authors: Hardy Todd A , Parratt John , Beadnall Heidi , Blum Stefan , Macdonell Richard , Beran Roy G , Shuey Neil , Lee Andrew , Carroll William , Shaw Cameron , Worrell Richard , Moody Jana , Sedhom Mamdouh , Barnett Michael , Vucic Steve 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAdherence and persistence are critical to optimising therapeutic benefit from disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This prospective, open-label, multicentre, observational study (AubPRO), conducted in 13 hospital-based neurology clinics around Australia, describes treatment satisfaction in patients newly initiated on teriflunomide (Aubagio) and evaluates the use of an electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool.MethodsPatients (≥18 years) newly initiated on teriflunomide (14 mg/day) were followed up at 24 and 48 weeks. Patients completed questionnaires and pill counts electronically using MObile Data in Multiple Sclerosis. The primary endpoint was treatment satisfaction, measured by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM, V.1.4), at week 48. Secondary endpoints included treatment satisfaction at week 24, other PRO scales, clinical outcomes, medication adherence and safety.ResultsPatients (n=103; 54 (52.4%) treatment naive) were mostly female (n=82 (79.6%)), aged 49.5 (11.8) years, with MS duration since symptom onset of 9.1 (11.8) years and a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 1.0. Mean treatment satisfaction scores were high (≥60%) across all domains of the TSQM V.1.4 at week 24 and at week 48. Compared with week 24, week 48 treatment satisfaction increased for patients who were treatment naïve and for those previously on another oral or injectable DMT. Over 48 weeks, PROs remained stable across a range of measures including disability, physical health, emotional health and mobility, and there were improvements in work capacity and daily life activity. Adherence was high throughout the study with mean compliance (pill counts) of 93.2%±6.26%, and 98 of 103 (95.1%) patients remained relapse-free.ConclusionThis cohort of Australian patients with RRMS, newly initiated on teriflunomide, and treated in a real-world clinical practice setting, reported high treatment satisfaction and adherence at 24 and 48 weeks. Patient-reported measures of disability remained stably low, work capacity and daily life activity improved, and most patients remained relapse-free.
Association of serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein with risk of mortality in an Asian population: the Health Examinees cohort
Authors: Lee Sang-Ah , Kwon Sung Ok , Park Hyerim , Shu Xiao-Ou , Lee Jong-Koo , Kang Daehee 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) with mortality risk and the attenuated effect of non-communicable disease history (NCDhistory) on the association.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth Examinees cohort.ParticipantsA total of 41 070 men and 81 011 women aged ≥40 years were involved (follow-up: 6.8 years).Outcome measuresData and cause of death occurring until 31 December 2015 were confirmed by death statistics from the National Statistical Office. We conducted advanced analysis after stratification by NCDhistory and sensitivity analysis after excluding death before 1 or 2 years from recruitment. Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the association.ResultsThe association between serum hsCRP and risk of all-cause mortality was observed with strong linearity in both genders and was not influenced by NCDhistory. The association of serum hsCRP with risk of cancer mortality was not observed in women with NCDhistory, but the association with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was predominantly observed in men with NCDhistory.ConclusionsThis study suggests a dose–response association of hsCRP with mortality risk, including cancer and CVD mortality, in Koreans with low serum hsCRP, although the association with cancer and CVD mortality risk could be influenced by gender and NCDhistory.
Review of drug recalls and quality of pharmaceutical products in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Astha , Bastakoti Maheshwor , Tamang Sabita , Giri Basant 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the pattern of substandard and falsified pharmaceutical products recall in Nepal.SettingWe analysed drug recall notices issued by the Department of Drug Administration (DDA), Nepal, and systematically reviewed peer-reviewed research articles during January 2010 to December 2020.ParticipantsThis study did not include human participants. However, data were collected from 72 drug recall notices issued by DDA and four research papers.ResultsA total of 346 pharmaceutical products were recalled during the reported period. The number of recalled pharmaceutical products has increased significantly over the past decade in Nepal. The most frequently recalled drugs were antimicrobials followed by gastrointestinal medicines, vitamins and supplements and pain and palliative medicines among others. Number of imported recalled drugs were slightly higher (42.2%) than domestic recalled drugs (40.7%). Sixty-two percentage of recalled drugs were substandard, 11% were falsified and remaining 27% were not registered at the DDA. Similarly, higher number of modern drugs (62%) were recalled than traditional ones (35%). Hand sanitisers used to minimise COVID-19 transmission contributed significantly to the list of recalled pharmaceutical products in 2020. Most of these sanitisers contained significant amounts of methanol (as high as 75% v/v) instead of appropriate amount of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. The peer-reviewed research papers reported issues with labelling, unregistered drugs and drugs failed in several laboratory testing.ConclusionOur analysis showed that number of recalls of substandard and falsified drugs are increasing in Nepal. Since the recall data in this paper did not include number of samples tested and location of samples collected, more studies to understand the prevalence of substandard and falsified drugs in Nepal is recommended.
Impact of COVID-19 on paediatric admissions to a Chinese hospital: a single-centre retrospective chart review
Authors: Zheng Jie , Chen Yan-hui 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the COVID-19 on the distribution, type and patterns of diseases in hospitalised children under local antiepidemic measures.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingElectronic medical records of patients hospitalised in the paediatric department of a tertiary hospital in South China from 21 January 2019 to 20 January 2021.ParticipantsRecords of 2139 patients.Outcome measuresData were analysed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disease characteristics were analysed based on the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Features of the length of hospital stay were investigated. Categorical variables involving more than three groups were analysed using an overall χ2 test, followed by pairwise comparisons.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 outbreak period, paediatric hospitalisation was reduced by 29.6%, from 1255 to 884. The proportions of infection-related diseases (36.3% (455 cases) vs 20.8% (184 cases)), respiratory system-related diseases (22.5% (283 cases) vs 9.4% (83 cases)); and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (17.1% (214 cases) vs 9.2% (81 cases)) decreased significantly, whereas that of musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases increased from 11.0% (138 cases) to 20.1% (178 cases), thereby becoming the most common reason for hospitalisation. The proportions of diseases of the nervous system (12.4% (156 cases) to 18.8% (166 cases)) and mental and behavioural disorders (0.2% (3 cases) to 2.1% (19 cases)) increased significantly. The average length of hospital stay increased after the outbreak (7.57±6.53 vs 8.36±6.87).ConclusionThe number of hospitalisation cases decreased during the COVID-19 period. The prominent decreases in hospitalisation associated with infections and respiratory system diseases were likely attributed to the improved epidemic prevention work, enhancement of people’s health awareness and fear of possible exposure to COVID-19. Describing the impact of COVID-19 on disease patterns may provide a reference for resource planning during the pandemic.
Tailoring lipid management interventions to reduce inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk management in primary care for deprived communities in Northern England: a mixed-methods intervention development protocol
Authors: Fu Yu , Tang Eugene YH , Sowden Sarah , Newton Julia L , Whitty Paula 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionHyperlipidaemia contributes a significant proportion of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which is a condition that disproportionally affects disadvantaged socioeconomic communities, with death rates in the most deprived areas being four times higher than those in the least deprived. With the national CVD Prevention programme being delivered to minimise risk factors, no evidence is available on what has been implemented in primary care for deprived populations. This study describes the protocol for the development of a tailored intervention aiming to optimise lipid management in primary care settings to help reduce inequalities in CVD risks and improve outcomes in deprived communities.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods approach will be employed consisting of four work packages: (1) rapid review and logic model; (2) assessment and comparison of CVD risk management for deprived with non-deprived populations in Northern England to England overall; (3) interviews with health professionals; and (4) intervention development. A systematic search and narrative synthesis will be undertaken to identify evidence-based interventions and targeted outcomes in deprived areas. General practice-level data will be assessed to establish the profile of lipid management, compared with the regional and national levels. Health professionals involved in the organisation and delivery of routine lipid management to deprived populations will be interviewed to understand the implementation and delivery of current lipid management and associated challenges. The prototype intervention will be informed by the evidence generated from workpackages 1–3, which will be reviewed and assessed using the nominal group technique to reach consensus. Training and skills development materials will also be developed as needed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Research Ethics Committee at Newcastle University, UK. Findings will be disseminated to the participating sites, participants, commissioners, and in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.