bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic pain domains and their relationship to personality, abilities, and brain networks
Authors: Pinto Camila Bonin , Bielefeld Jannis , Barroso Joana , Yip Byron , Huang Lejian , Schnitzer Thomas , Apkarian A. Vania 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic pain is a multidimensional pathological state. Recent evidence suggests that specific brain properties and patients' psychological and physical traits are distorted in chronic pain patients. However, the relationship between these alterations and pain dimensions remains poorly understood. Here, we first evaluated multiple dimensions of chronic pain by assessing a broad battery of pain-related questionnaire scores (23 outcomes) of 107 chronic low back pain patients and identified 3 distinct chronic pain domains: magnitude, affect & disability, and quality. Second, we investigated the pain domains relationship with measures of personality, social interaction, psychological traits, and ability traits (77 biopsychosocial & ability [biopsy&ab] outcomes). Pain magnitude (out-of-sample [OOS]

) is associated with emotional control, attention, and working memory, with higher pain scores showing lower capacity to regulate and adapt behaviorally. Pain affect & disability (OOS

associated with anxiety, catastrophizing and social relationships dysfunction. Pain quality did not relate significantly to biopsy&ab variables. Third, we mapped these 3 pain domains to brain functional connectivity. Pain magnitude mainly associated with the sensorimotor and the cingulo-opercular networks (OOS

). Pain affect & disability related to frontoparietal and default mode networks (OOS

. Pain quality integrated sensorimotor, auditory, and cingulo-opercular networks (OOS

). Mediation analysis could link functional connectivity and biopsy&ab models to respective pain domains. Our results provide a global overview of the complexity of chronic pain, showing how underlying distinct domains of the experience map to different biopsy&ab correlates and underlie unique brain network signatures.
Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Children: The Boston Children’s Hospital Experience
Authors: Fahmy Doaa M. , Mitchell Paul D. , Jonas Maureen M. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular malformations. We describe presentations, complications, associations, and outcomes of CPSS at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH).

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of children with CPSS at BCH from 2000 to 2020.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients had CPSS (17 girls): 14 extrahepatic (EH) and 15 intrahepatic (IH). At diagnosis, 15 were ≤5 days, 7 <1 year, and 7 >1 year (range 1–19). Median follow-up duration was 5.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6–10.9) in EH and 2.2 years (0.2–4.2) in IH CPSS. The most common presentation was antenatal ultrasound 13 (45%) followed by hyperammonemia 10 (34%), whereas 6 (21%) were asymptomatic. Complications were noted in 17 (12/14 EH vs 6/15 IH, P = 0.008). Associated anomalies were present in 25 (14/14 EH vs 11/15 IH, P = 0.10). Spontaneous closure was observed in 8 (28%) patients with IH CPSS, all <12 months of age. Ten patients underwent shunt closure 3 (30%) by interventional radiology (IR) and 5 (50%) by surgery, whereas 2 (20%) required both. After therapeutic closure; 8 had improvement, 1 had portal hypertension, and 1 had sepsis and thrombosis. The remaining 11 patients, 8 (42%) were followed without closure: 6 of 8 (75%) EH versus 2 of 11 (18%) IH (P = 0.02), 2 lost follow-up and 1 with complicated EH CPSS died, unsuitable for therapeutic closure.

Conclusions:
CPSS may be asymptomatic or present with complications. Spontaneous closure of IH shunts may occur in infancy, thus therapeutic closure may be deferred until age ≥ 2 years. IR and surgical closure of CPSS are associated with improvement in the majority of cases.
Use of Cluster Analysis to Identify Subtypes of Pediatric Functional Nausea
Authors: Sullivan Erin C. , Fortunato John E. , Gray Elizabeth , Tarbell Sally E. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there are clinical subtypes in children with functional nausea based on comorbidities and responses to the Nausea Profile questionnaire.Methods:Patients from the Neurointestinal and Motility Program clinical registry at Lurie Children's Hospital were included if they met Rome IV criteria for functional nausea. Patients completed the Nausea Profile, a multidimensional measure of nausea with gastrointestinal, emotional, and somatic subscales. Comorbidities were assessed by chart review and self‐report measures. Latent class analysis was used to identify patient groups based on comorbidities. To assess if model‐identified groups were predictive of differences in nausea quality, Nausea Profile subscale means were compared between groups and used to predict group membership. Conversely, k‐means analysis was used to divide the sample into groups based upon Nausea Profile subscale scores, to determine if identified groups had different comorbidities.Results:Seventy‐two patients (n = 53 girls) with a mean age (±SD) 14.5 ± 2.9 were included. Two clinical subtypes were identified based on comorbidities, with responses on the emotional subscale of the Nausea Profile predicting group membership (P < 0.04). When patients were grouped by nausea quality, the resulting clusters differed on psychiatric comorbidities (P < 0.001)Conclusions:Our findings support the existence of nausea subtypes within the broad diagnosis of functional nausea. One such subtype is an emotional predominant nausea supporting the notion that anxiety and depression constitute a subset of patients with nausea. Thus, patients may benefit from a treatment approach that integrates both GI assessment and psychiatric support in their care.
Insight Into the Adolescent Patient Experience With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ley Sanita L. , Kidwell Katherine M. , Van Dyk Tori R. , Orkin Sarah , Odar Stough Cathleen , Howarth Taylor , Goetz Amy R. , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Bramlage Kristin , Mouzaki Marialena , Arce-Clachar Ana Catalina , Zeller Meg H. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease in youth, yet little is known about the adolescent patient’s experience with NAFLD, which is key for treatment engagement. We examined adolescents’ experiences with NAFLD diagnosis, thoughts on how NAFLD affects their daily life, understanding and perceptions of diagnosis and treatment, and impressions of how to improve care.

Methods:
Utilizing a mixed-method design, adolescents with NAFLD (N = 16; Mean
age
= 15.8 years; Mean
BMI
= 37 kg/m2) participated in focus groups. To supplement qualitative data, adolescents and their caregiver completed measures assessing illness perceptions, adolescent quality of life, and eating/activity behaviors.

Results:
Focus group themes suggested reactions to diagnosis varied from unconcerned to anxious. NAFLD diagnosis occurred within the context of other psychological/medical concerns and was not perceived to affect most adolescents’ daily lives. Although adolescents understood general contributors to NAFLD, comprehension of their diagnosis varied. Adolescents were more likely to make lifestyle changes when families were supportive, and they preferred tailored recommendations for health behavior change from the healthcare team. Notably, 62.5% of adolescents were more concerned about their weight than NAFLD. Almost half (43.8%) identified as food insecure.

Conclusions:
Adolescents with NAFLD may benefit from personalized treatment. Care could be enhanced by ensuring comprehension of diagnosis, problem-solving personal, and family barriers and increasing family support. Harnessing adolescents’ desire for weight loss may be a more salient driver for change in disease status. Interventions should also address systemic barriers such as food insecurity to ensure equitable care.
Qualitative analysis of randomized controlled trials informing recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after distal lower extremity injuries
Authors: Folsom Aaron J. , Polmear Michael M. , Scanaliato John P. , Dunn John C. , Adler Adam H. , Orr Justin D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of evidence to stratify recommendations for chemoprophylaxis following distal lower extremity trauma.

Methods:
Literature review identified primary studies investigating venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis following traumatic injury distal to the knee. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials in adult patients treated with and without operative intervention. Each primary study was assessed by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 checklist and Modified Coleman methodology score.

Results:
Literature review resulted in 462 studies, of which 9 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies included low molecular weight heparin as a treatment group with 2 (22%) also including a treatment group with a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Five studies (56%) used placebo as a control group. The mean Modified Coleman Methodology score was 63% (range 51%–72%), a categorical rating of Fair. The mean Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials score was 78% (range 56%–97%). Most studies (89%) screened all asymptomatic subjects for deep venous thrombosis. Statistical significance in VTE incidence among prophylactic treatment groups was not achieved in 78%.

Conclusions:
Development of consensus for VTE prophylaxis recommendations following traumatic injury distal to the knee is complicated by heterogenous study populations, low incidence of VTE in study populations, and inconsistent definitions of clinically important VTE. Low molecular weight heparin is not consistently superior for preventing VTE. Chemoprophylaxis should be considered on an individual basis in the presence of additional risk factors, although an externally validated, evidence-based risk assessment tool does not currently exist.

Level of Evidence: IV, therapeutic
The methodological quality of physical therapy related trials published in open access and subscription journal: A cross sectional meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Ariie Takashi , Tsutsumi Yusuke , Taito Shunsuke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to compare the methodological quality of physical therapy-related trials published in open access with that of trials published in subscription-based journals, adjusting for subdiscipline, intervention type, endorsement of the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT), impact factor, and publication language.

Design
In this meta-epidemiological study, we searched the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) on May 8, 2021, to include any physical therapy-related trials published from January 1, 2020. We extracted variables such as CONSORT endorsement, the PEDro score, and publication type. We compared the PEDro score between the publication types using a multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) by adjusting for covariates.

Results
A total of 2,743 trials were included, with a mean total PEDro score (SD) of 5.8 (±1.5). Trials from open access journals had a lower total PEDro score than those from subscription-based journals (5.5 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1.5, mean difference [MD]: −0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5). GEE revealed that open access publication was significantly associated with the total PEDro score (MD: −0.42; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In the recent physical therapy-related trials, open access publications demonstrated lower methodological quality than subscription-based publications, although with a small difference.
Estimating the Impact of Postamputation Pain
Authors: Liston Jared M. , Forster Grace L. , Samuel Ankhita , Werner Brian C. , Stranix John T. , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Neuromas, neuralgia, and phantom limb pain commonly occur after lower-extremity amputations; however, incidence of these issues is poorly reported and understood. Present literature is limited to small cohort studies of amputees, and the reported incidence of chronic pain after amputation ranges as widely as 0% to 80%. We sought to objectively investigate the incidence of postamputation pain and nerve-related complications after lower-extremity amputation.

Methods
Patients who underwent lower-extremity amputation between 2007 and 2017 were identified using a national insurance-based claims database. Incidence of reporting of postoperative neuroma, neuralgia, and phantom limb pain were identified. Patient demographics and comorbidities were assessed. Average costs of treatment were determined in the year after lower-extremity amputation. Logistic regression analyses and resulting odds ratios were calculated to determine statistically significant increases in incidence of postamputation nerve-related pain complications in the setting of demographic factors and comorbidities.

Results
There were 29,507 lower amputations identified. Postoperative neuralgia occurred in 4.4% of all amputations, neuromas in 0.4%, and phantom limb pain in 10.9%. Nerve-related pain complications were most common in through knee amputations (20.3%) and below knee amputations (16.7%). Male sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index > 3, diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic angiopathy, diabetic retinopathy, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, and tobacco abuse were associated with statistically significant increases in incidence of 1-year nerve-related pain or phantom limb pain.

Conclusions
Given the incidence of these complications after operative extremity amputations and associated increased treatment costs, future research regarding their pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention would be beneficial to both patients and providers.
Localization of Chronic Pain in Postmastectomy Patients
Authors: Shiraishi Makoto , Sowa Yoshihiro , Kodama Takuya , Numajiri Toshiaki , Taguchi Tetsuya , Amaya Fumimasa 
Published: April 2022

Background
After breast surgery with or without immediate reconstruction, chronic pain can be a major problem for patients. However, few studies have examined the details of the sites of long-lasting postoperative pain. In this study, we specified the postoperative pain location after breast surgery, including reconstruction, to find ways to improve surgical procedures or provide effective pain relief.

Methods
The subjects were 205 Japanese women undergoing mastectomy or breast reconstruction with a tissue expander (TE)/implant or a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Patients were asked whether they had pain in different parts of the body at 1 year after surgery. Differences were assessed by cross-tabulation and χ2 statistics.

Results
Surveys were completed by 157 subjects. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap cases had significantly more pain and TE/Imp cases had significantly less pain in the medial breast, upper breast, breast upper medial quadrant, and abdomen (P = 0.006, P = 0.006, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In the neck area, pain in TE/Imp cases was significantly worse than that in all other patients (P = 0.025). There was no significant difference in chronic pain in any other body regions among the mastectomy only, TE/Imp, and DIEP flap groups.

Conclusions
The results of the present study revealed that the localization of prolonged postoperative pain after breast surgery differs depending on the surgical procedure. In DIEP flap reconstruction, there was a marked tendency for pain in the inner and upper chest and in the abdomen, whereas TE/IMP surgery resulted in pain around the neck of the affected side. These findings may help improve surgical methods and establish effective pain relief that focuses on the identified pain areas.
Square Flap Method for Reconstruction of Palmar and Dorsal Web Space Burn Contractures
Authors: Hifny Mahmoud A. , Ogawa Rei 
Published: April 2022

Background
Postburn web space contractures can result in serious in hand function impairments along with cosmetic disfigurement. In our study, we introduce our experience with the use of the square flap method to release palmar or dorsal web space contractures.

Materials and Methods
From March 2019 to May 2021, the square flap method was conducted in 12 patients with 13 digital web space contractures.

Results
The average patient's age was 6 years old (range, 2.5–16 years old). The most common affected web space was the second web. Web contractures were palmar in 9 patients and dorsal in 4 patients. The average duration of scar maturity was 13.6 months (range, 8–24 months). All the square flaps were effective in releasing the web space contracture and healed uneventfully with no postoperative complications. The average follow-up period was 11 months (range, 2–24 months). All patients or their parents were satisfied with the procedure outcomes in terms of independent finger function and esthetic appearance.

Conclusions
The square flap technique is safe, reliable, and effective in management of both dorsal and palmar interdigital web scar contracture. It completely eliminates the contracture and restores commissural anatomy with good cosmetic outcomes.
Life-course exposure to air pollution and biological ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Baranyi Gergő , Deary Ian J. , McCartney Daniel L. , Harris Sarah E. , Shortt Niamh , Reis Stefan , Russ Tom C. , Thompson Catharine Ward , Vieno Massimo , Cox Simon R. , Pearce Jamie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundExposure to ambient air pollution is associated with a range of diseases. Biomarkers derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) indicate a potential pathway to human health differences, connecting disease pathogenesis and biological ageing. However, little is known about sensitive periods during the life course where air pollution might have a stronger impact on DNAm, or whether effects accumulate over time.ObjectivesWe examined associations between air pollution exposure across the life course and DNAm-based biomarkers of ageing.MethodsData were derived from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Participants’ residential history was linked to annual levels of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 around 1935, 1950, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2001; pollutant concentrations were estimated using the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model. Blood samples were obtained between ages of 70 and 80 years, and Horvath DNAmAge, Hannum DNAmAge, DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and DNAm telomere length (DNAmTL) were computed. We applied the structured life-course modelling approach: least angle regression identified best-fit life-course models for a composite measure of air pollution (air quality index [AQI]), and mixed-effects regression estimated selected models for AQI and single pollutants.ResultsWe included 525 individuals with 1782 observations. In the total sample, increased air pollution around 1970 was associated with higher epigenetic age (AQI: b=0.622 year, 95%CI: 0.151, 1.094) measured with Horvath DNAmAge in late adulthood. We found shorter DNAmTL among males with higher air pollution around 1980 (AQI: b=-0.035 kilobase, 95%CI: -0.057, -0.014) and among females with higher exposure around 1935 (AQI: b=-0.036 kilobase, 95%CI: -0.059, -0.013). Findings passed false discovery rate correction for DNAmTL, and were more consistent for the pollutants PM2.5, SO2 and NO2.DiscussionWe tested the life-course relationship between air pollution and DNAm-based biomarkers. Air pollution in utero and in young-to-mid adulthood is linked to accelerated epigenetic ageing and telomere-associated ageing in later life.
Insulated expression of periplasmic uricase inE. coliNissle 1917 for the treatment of hyperuricemia
Authors: He Lina , Tang Wei , Huang Ling , Zhou Wei , Huang Shaojia , Zou Linxuan , Yuan Lisha , Men Dong , Chen Shiyun , Hu Yangbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHyperuricemia is a prevalent disease worldwide that is characterized by elevated urate levels in the blood owing to purine metabolic disorders, which can result in gout and comorbidities. As approximately one-third of urate is excreted by the small intestine and cleared by intestinal microorganisms, modulating the gut microbiota could be an attractive approach for hyperuricemia and gout treatment. In this study, we engineered a probioticE. coliNissle 1917 (EcN) strain, EcN C6, which expresses periplasmic uricase at an “insulated site”, for urate degeneration. Oral administration of EcN C6 successfully alleviated hyperuricemia, related symptom and gut microbiota in a purine-rich food-induced hyperuricemia rat model and auox-knockout mouse model. Importantly, the expression of periplasmic uricase in the insulated site did not influence the probiotic properties or global gene transcription of EcN, suggesting that EcN C6 is a safe, effective and low cost therapeutic candidate for hyperuricemia treatment.
Reassessing the helix bundle crossing model for gating in a non-selective ion channel
Authors: Kurauskas Vilius , Tonelli Marco , Henzler-Wildman Katherine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA critical part of ion channel function is the ability to open and close in response to stimuli, and thus conduct ions in a regulated fashion. While X-ray diffraction studies of ion channels suggested a general steric gating mechanism located at the helix bundle crossing (HBC), recent functional studies on several channels indicate that the helix bundle crossing is open even in closed, non-conductive channels. Two NaK channel variants were crystallized in very different, open and closed conformations and served as an important model of the HBC gating hypothesis. However, neither of these NaK variants are conductive in liposomes unless phenylalanine 92 is mutated to alanine (F92A). Here we use NMR to probe distances at near-atomic resolution of the two NaK variants in lipid bicelles. We demonstrate that in contrast to the crystal structures, both NaK variants are in a fully open conformation, akin to the well known MthK channel structure were the HBC is widely open. Further inquiry into the gating mechanism suggests that the selectivity filter and pore helix are coupled to the M2 helix below and undergo changes in structure when F92 is mutated. Overall, our data shows that NaK exhibits coupling between the selectivity filter and HBC similar to K+ channels and has a more complex gating mechanism than previously thought.