bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Porous Polymer Columns for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Acetaldehyde, Methanol, Ethanol, and other Volatiles Emanating from Intact ‘Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: Norman Shirley 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chromosorb 101 and Porapak Q columns at 135° and 175° C, respectively, are suitable for quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of volatile emanations such as methanol, acetaldehyde, and ethanol from intact ‘Valencia’ oranges. Separations were completed in 16 min and were superior to those obtained on Carbowax 20M. Chromosorb 101 was superior to Porapak Q for the separation and quantitative measurement of methanol and acetaldehyde. The terpenes were not eluted from either Chromosorb 101 or Porapak Q at these temperatures. Carbowax 20M was suitable for separation of the terpenes with temperature programming, requiring at least 35 min to complete the separations. Chromatograms of volatiles from headspace over orange juice and emanations from ‘Valencia’ oranges are presented.
Control of Woolly Breakdown of ‘Elberta’ Peaches in Cold Storage, by Intermittent Exposure to Room Temperature1
Authors: Ben-Arie Ruth , Lavee S. , Guelfat-Reich Sylvia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Control of woolly breakdown in ‘Elberta’ peaches was obtained by removal of the fruit to ambient room temperature (23–25°C) for 48 hours after 2 and 4 weeks' storage at 0°C. A 6 weeks' storage life was thus obtained. Warming the fruit after cold storage intervals shorter than 2 weeks was less effective after longer storage periods; the disorder was often enhanced by removal to room temperature.
A hypothesis to explain the development of woolly breakdown on the basis of these and previous data is discussed. It is suggested that further prolongation of storage could be obtained by repeated exposures to room temperature.
Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Changes in Developing Muskmelons1
Authors: Reid M. S. , Lee T. H. , Pratt H. K. , Chichester C. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growth, respiration, and ethylene production patterns of ‘Crenshaw’ and ‘Persian’ cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were similar to patterns previously established for cantaloupe (‘PMR 45’). From 3 weeks after anthesis the carotenoid content of the pulp of all 3 cultivars steadily increased from the low level characteristic of green tissue. Chlorophyll content decreased throughout the development of the fruits, but in the cantaloupe and ‘Crenshaw’ there was a final loss of chlorophyll during ripening.
Fruit Tissue Injury by Frost to ‘York Imperial’ Apples1
Authors: Simons Roy K. , Hewetson Frank N. , Chu Mel Chih-Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of freeze injury occurring at anthesis upon young developing fruit were studied anatomically. Slight injury was characterized by separation of the hypodermis from the outer cortex during the initial stages of fruit growth. Necrotic tissues were adjacent to the main part of the injury. The internal cortical tissues and vascular bundles in the core line were uninjured. The basin or fruit apex was sensitive to freeze injury resulting in stylar abscission, abortive ovules, and large breaks in the cortical tissue. Growth distortions in the outer cortex were evident 21 days after injury, indicating sensitivity to frost and to the initiation of corking.
Wound healing occurred 1 week after full bloom with the development of callus or proliferated tissues which united the wound areas.
Inheritance of Resistance in Lettuce to Race 3 of Downy Mildew (Bremia lactucae Reg.)1,2
Authors: Ventura J. , Netzer D. , Globerson D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to verify the occurrence of downy mildew races of lettuce in Israel, differential hosts were used as recommended by Tjallingii and Rodenburg. The existence of 2 races, No. 1 and No. 3, was established in this manner; the latter race appeared more frequently among the isolates tested. The mode of inheritance was determined by studying the segregation of F2 and F3 progenies, derived from resistant x susceptible crosses. Most ratios obtained in both generations demonstrate the simple dominance of the resistant reaction (3:1).
Inhibition of Vascular Blockage and Increased Moisture Retention in Cut Roses Induced by pH, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Citrate, and Sucrose1
Authors: Marousky Francis J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Freshly harvested roses, Rosa hybrida ‘Better Times’, held in acid (pH 3) solutions had longer life than flowers held in less acid (pH 5-7) solutions. Increased flower longevity was due to inhibition of vascular blockage and increased water absorption in acid solutions. Increase in water absorption produced an increase in fresh weight. Sucrose supressed water absorption. Although sucrose-treated roses absorbed less solution, they gained more weight than roses held in water. Increase in fresh weight was apparently caused by stomatal closure and increased moisture retention induced by sucrose. Eight-hydroxyquinoline citrate reduced the incidence of vascular blockage and increased water absorption and flower longevity. Eight-hydroxyquinoline citrate was more effective in reducing vascular blockage in a solution at pH 4 than at pH 6. The role of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate in inhibiting vascular blockage cannot be wholly ascribed to pH effects.
Interaction of Nitrogenous Fertilizers and Steam on Soil Chemicals and Carnation Growth1
Authors: White John W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root loss, interveinal chlorosis, wilting, and reduced growth were typical symptoms of carnations grown in a soil mixture steamed at 100°C and to which a high ratio of NH4+ to NO3--N in the fertilizer was applied. These symptoms were less apparent and growth was greater in 100°C-treated soil with high NO3-N and in 71°- or 60°C-treated soil with high NH4+-N. No symptoms were apparent on plants grown in soil steamed at 71° and 60°C and treated with high NO3- fertilizer.
Decreases in growth and visual symptoms were associated with high soil concn of soluble and exchangeable Mn or with high concn of NH4+ and NO2-- N. The primary cause of post steaming injury is believed to be due to excesses of NH4+ and NO2- rather than Mn. However, Mn appeared to be involved directly in the accumulation of NH4+ and NO2- in the soil.
Effect of Time of Harvest on the Response of Tomato to Population Pressure1
Authors: Fery Richard L. , Janick Jules 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The response of marketable tomato yields to population pressure (3,000 to 100,000 plants per acre) in single destructive harvests was related to time of harvest. Marketable yield increased asymptotically with increasing population with early harvest but peaked at intermediate populations with midseason and late harvests. Total fruit and total top yields increased asymptotically with increasing population at all harvests.
The modified reciprocal equation w-θ = Ap+ B where w = yield per plant, p = population, and θ, A and B are constants, describes all tomato yield data. The constant θ, is estimated by α. from the relationship .
Postharvest Physiology of Strawberry Fruits Treated With Sodium Dehydroacetate1
Authors: Watada Alley E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sodium dehydroacetate (NaDHA) was most effective in extending the shelf life of fruits of strawberry cultivars that have the poorest holding capacity. Decreased respiration of treated fruits is attributed to the fungicidal property of NaDHA or inhibitory effect of the chemical on a respiratory enzyme of the fruit. A 0.5% NaDHA solution retarded ripening.
Influence of Atmospheric Moisture, Ion Balance, and Ion Concentration on Growth, Transpiration and Blackheart of Celery (Apium graveolens L.)1
Authors: Gubbels G. H. , Carolus R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intermittent misting of celery plants grown in nutrient solutions resulted in higher top and sucker fresh weights and a lower percentage of dry matter. Misting reduced transpiration up to 27% but did not affection uptake nor the incidence of blackheart.
Total top and sucker fresh weights generally decreased with increasing Ca/K ratio in the nutrient solutions while percentage dry matter increased. The 50ppm Ca/235 ppm K ratio resulted in a high water-use efficiency while the 200/59 ratio resulted in a low efficiency. Blackheart symptoms decreased with increasing Ca/K ratio.
Osmotic concentrations of 0.3 and 4.8 atm. in the nutrient solutions decreased both the fresh and dry weights of tops but increased the percent dry matter as compared to the 1.2 atm. nutrient solution. Water-use efficiency was lower at the 0.3 than at the 1.2 and 4.8 atm. concentrations. Blackheart was most severe in the 1.2 atm. solutions.
Effect of an Asphalt Barrier on Soil Water and on Yields and Water Use By Tomato and Cabbage1,2
Authors: Saxena G. K. , Hammond L. C. , Lundy H. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An asphalt layer, approximately 1/8-inch thick placed 24-27 inches deep in a Lakeland fine sand, caused water storage in the surface 24 inches of soil to increase from 2 inches to approximately 3 inches and tomato and cabbage yields to increase by 94 and 37 percent. Daily water depletion rates were higher in plots treated with the asphalt barrier. During 1969, the daily average soil-water suction above the barrier (6-24 inches) remained below 0.10 bar for most of the growing season, whereas it was often greater than 0.30 bar in control plots. Tomato yields were decreased linearly with an increase in the mean integrated soil-water suction (soil-water suction in 6-24 inches of soil averaged for the entire growing season). Yields of tomatoes and cabbage in irrigated control plots were less than yields in non-irrigated barrier plots.
Nutritional Factors Influencing the Mineral Content of Apple Leaves1
Authors: Shear C. B. , Faust M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘York Imperial’ apple trees on EM 26 rootstock were grown in large, outdoor sand cultures for 3 years. All combinations of N at 2, 4, or 8 me/1 as all NO3 or as 3/4NH4 - 1/4 NO3; Ca at 1, 8 or 16 me/1; and B at 0.05 or 0.5 ppm were supplied in solution, with other nutrients in normal supply. Levels of N and Ca and their interactions affected growth under NO3 nutrition. Growth was greatly reduced under NH4 nutrition, but was little affected by levels of N and Ca. Leaf tissues were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The average, 3-year over-all effect of NH4 nutrition was to increase leaf concentration of all elements except K, Al, and Mn. Source of N altered the main effects and interactions between levels of N and Ca. B had little effect on concentration of other elements in the leaves.
Factors Influencing the Penetration of Naphthaleneacetamide into Leaves of Pear (Pyrus Communis L.)1,2
Authors: Greene D. W. , Bukovac M. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Factors influencing the foliar penetration of naphthaleneacetamide (NAAm) were established by following penetration from a glass vial into pear leaf discs (Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett). Penetration through the upper surface was linear for 96 hr, whereas, through the lower surface there was rapid penetration for 48 hr followed by a reduced rate. Uptake of NAAm was proportional to the concentration applied. Penetration was not influenced by pH of treatment solutions ranging from 3.0 to 7.0. Increasing temperature from 5–35°C caused a marked increase in penetration with Q10 values ranging between 1.59 to 5.46. Increasing light intensity resulted in increased penetration through the lower surface up to about 300 ft-c, but had no effect on NAAm penetration through the upper surface. Penetration was greater through the upper than lower surface in expanding leaves, but the reverse was true when leaves were fully expanded. Tween 20 and Triton B-1956 (0.1%) increased NAAm penetration through the lower surface, but to a lesser degree than X-77 (0.1%). No surfactant studied enhanced penetration through the upper surface. Penetration from microdroplets was similar to that from solutions in glass cylinders until the droplets dried. Droplet drying resulted in an immediate increase in penetration.
Growth Responses Induced by Brassins (fatty plant hormones) in Bean Plants1
Authors: Worley J. F. , Mitchell J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A single application of 10 μg of brassins to a young internode of a ‘Pinto’ bean plant accelerated growth of the treated internode and of other internodes above and below the treated area. The treated internodes grew longer overall and thicker in some areas than comparable untreated ones. These responses involve both cell elongation and cell division. The treatment also caused marked changes in the vascular anatomy of leaves above the site of application.
Comparative Chromosome Morphology of Diploid Vaccinium Species1
Authors: Hall Susan H. , Galletta G. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Representative clones of the diploid (2n = 24) members of the subgenus Cyanococcus (true or cluster-fruited blueberries) of Vaccinium, as well as V. crassifolium Andr. (Herpothamnus subgenus) and V. macrocarpon Ait. (Oxycoccus subgenus) were studied cytologically. They were collected from localities ranging from Florida to Nova Scotia and varied markedly in their gross morphology. The length of the total chromosome complement and the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosome of each clone were determined. While a range of significant differences were demonstrated among clones, these differences were considered to be of minimal importance in species identification. A single idiogram can represent the karyotypes of all of the diploid Cyanococcus species examined. A tentative idiogram of their haploid complement consisted of 2 long and 2 short chromosomes and 8 of intermediate length, one of which was satellited. All had median or submedian centromeres. The karyotypic stability of the diploid Vaccinium species leads to the conclusion that the broad variability in morphology and adaptation which they exhibit has been principally genic in origin.
The Effect of Girdling on the Productivity of the Avocado1
Authors: Lahav E. , Gefen B. , Zamet D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Girdled branches of 6 avocado cultivars usually bore an increased subsequent crop. A decrease in productivity of girdled as compared with ungirdled control branches, was recorded for all cultivars except ‘Benik’, in the second and third years after treatment. Increased yield could be maintained by repeated girdling. The girdle also affected the ungirdled control branch. Girdling sometimes induced a second “on-year” in the alternate-bearing cultivars.
Genetic Variation in the Methionine Levels of Mature Seeds of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Kelly John F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
From 3600 bean cultivars, lines and single plant selections grown at Rancocas, New Jersey, in 1968, 82 were selected as having greater than 33% higher microbiologically available methionine in the mature seed than the ‘Sanilac’ standard. Of these, 63 again assayed more than 33% higher in 1969. Methionine levels varied more within lines of mixed lots than pure lines. A highly significant correlation existed between methionine levels in seed from 2 or 3 crop years. Commercial cultivars, regardless of the seed source, tended to have relatively uniform levels of available methionine. The level of methionine in mature seeds of the common bean is determined genetically and sufficient variation exists within the species to permit improvement through hybridization and selection.
Self-Fertility in Red Raspberry Cultivars and Selections1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Variations in self-fertility, expressed as percentages of drupelets set, were observed among 69 red raspberry cultivars or selections. The incidence of reduced self-fertility was particularly prevalent among some of the older cultivars but was also observed in several selections. In a particular cultivar or selection reduction of self-fertility usually followed both self- and open-pollination. Reductions from self-pollination seemed mostly to involve self-incompatibility although at least one was due to reduced pollen-fertility. Reductions from open-pollination probably involved reduced numbers of functional embryo sacs.
Genetics and Heritability of Resistance to Fusarium solani f. Phaseoli in Beans1
Authors: Hassane Ahmed A. , Wallace Donald H. , Wilkinson Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of resistance to Fusarium solani f. phaseoli Kend. & Sny.) in Phaseolus vulgaris lines P. I. 203958 (N203), and 2114-12 which derives its resistance from P. coccineus, was studied under greenhouse and field conditions. It was concluded that: N203 and 2114-12 respectively possess 4 and 5-6 genes for resistance under the greenhouse-test conditions used; 4 of the 2114-12 genes for resistance are the same as the N203 genes; gene action is mostly additive but partial dominance of resistance appears in 9-13-week-old field-tested plants. Broad sense heritability was estimated as 62-64% under greenhouse conditions and as 22% and 79%, respectively, in 5 and 9-13-week-old field tested plants. The additive variance under greenhouse conditions was estimated as 72% and 40% respectively for resistance from 2114-12 and N203.
Relationship Between Genes Controlling Resistance to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis Root Rots in Beans1
Authors: Hassan Ahmed A. , Wilkinson Robert E. , Wallace Donald H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Previous reports suggest similarity between Fusarium and Thielaviopsis root rot resistances in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with regard to both source and nature of resistance. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the genes controlling resistance to the 2 pathogens. The susceptible cultivar ‘Redkote’ was crossed with bean lines 2114-12 and P.I. 203958 (N203), both of which have resistance to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis. Four populations of F6 lines were separately developed. Two populations were derived from ‘Redkote’ × 2114-12; one was selected for resistance to Fusarium and the second for resistance to Thielaviopsis. Similarily, a Fusarium-resistant and also a Thielaviopsis-resistant population of F6 lines were derived from ‘Redkote’ × N203. Two additional populations of F4 plants, one resistant to Fusarium and one resistant to Thielaviopsis, were derived from the backcross [(‘Redkote’ × 2114-12, F2) × ‘Redkote’]. The F6 and F4 lines developed for resistance to Fusarium or to Thielaviopsis were subsequently tested for resistance to the other pathogen. The data indicate that genes controlling resistance to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis are different and non-linked.
Effect of Radioactive Phosphorus and Apical Bud Removal on the Incidence of Apparent Mutation in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.
Authors: Drewlow L. W. , Widmer R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The apparent mutation (“mutation”) incidence in rooted cuttings of 5 clones of the garden chrysanthemum treated with 32P was determined. The apical buds were pinched off at 3 different times in relation to treatment with doses of 0, 25, 50, and 100 µc of 32P per plant. The 5 clones varied in response to 32P levels, but 25 µc of 32P per plant was most effective for inducing “mutations” and growth abnormalities. Change in flower color was the most frequently observed “mutation". Apical bud removal did not affect the “mutation” rate. Chromosome counts in root tips showed that the parent plants had either 54 or 56 chromosomes, while “mutants” had from 3 less to the same number of chromosomes as the parent clones.
Agar Restriction of the Growth of Excised Mature Iris Embryos1
Authors: Stoltz Leonard P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Excised mature Iris embryos were grown on a nutrient medium with various agar concentrations. Fresh wt, root, and shoot length were inversely related to the agar concentration. Methods for measuring certain physical effects of agar were devised. Agar added to nutrient media is considered to reduce water availability to tissues growing on it by binding of water.
Effects of Annual Sprays of Succinic Acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide on Vegetative Growth, Fruiting, Fruit Quality and Pre-Harvest Drop of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Lord William J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Six consecutive, single, annual applications of succinic acid–2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) were applied, commencing with 2-year-old trees, in mid-July (51-67 days after full bloom) or mid-August at rates of 1000, 2000 or 4000 ppm. Other trees in the same block received 3 consecutive annual applications of 500 or 1000 ppm SADH in mid-June (31-40 days after full bloom) or mid-July.
All SADH treatments delayed fruit flesh softening and reduced the severity of watercore and pre-harvest drop, but had no effect on trunk circumference increase, amount of bloom and fruit set. There was no terminal growth suppression of practical significance. With the exception of 500 ppm in mid-June or mid-July, all SADH treatments depressed fruit size. SADH suppressed rate of fruit growth and induced the formation of flatter fruits with shortened, thickened stems.
Effects of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid on Development and Abscission of Maturing Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Fruit1,2
Authors: Bukovac M. J. , Zucconi F. , Wittenbach V. A. , Flore J. A. , Inoue H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied as a foliar spray to sweet cherry trees within 2 weeks of fruit maturity promoted fruit abscission at the lower (fruit:pedicel) zone, as indexed by a reduction in the fruit removal force (FRF). There was no significant effect, at the concn studied, on abscission at the upper (pedicel:peduncle) zone. Promotion of abscission with ethephon was time and concn dependent. Ethephon concn of 100 to 1000 ppm were effective with a greater response from the higher concn. Absorption periods of 4 and 24 hr resulted in responses equal to 73 and 94% of that observed when ethephon was present for the entire experimental period. Of 9 sweet cherry cultivars evaluated, all responded similarly in terms of reduction in FRF. Ethephon enhanced fruit enlargement and pigmentation when applied early in Stage III of fruit growth. The increase in wt was most pronounced in the fleshy pericarp tissue.
Peel Injury to Citrus Fruit Fumigated with Ethylene Dibromide1,2
Authors: Chalutz E. , Schiffmann-Nadel Mina , Waks J. , Alumot Eugenia , Carmi Y. , Bussel J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Peel injury in 3 citrus fruit cultivars fumigated with ethylene dibromide (EDB) was due to the persistence of resudue of the fumigant in the fruit peel. Initial resudues after fumigation were proportional to the concn and time of exposure. The desorption rate during aeration increased with temp. Incidence of peel injuries was highest in fruit stored at low temp or wrapped in polyethylene bags, probably due to prolonged action of EDB residues on the peel.
Storage of fumigated fruit in an atmosphere containing an increased concn of CO2 delayed the appearance of damage. Susceptibility was greatest in ‘Marsh’ grapefruits, followed by ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges.
Net Photosynthesis and Respiration of Apple Leaves Influenced by (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid1
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Barden J. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentrations up to 4000 ppm of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) did not affect the net photosynthesis (Pn) of leaves on greenhouse grown apple trees. Leaf respiration was increased by 4000 ppm ethephon, but not by lower concn. Pn rates did not differ between cvs., but respiration of ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves was greater than that of ‘York’ leaves.