bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idealized four-wave mixing dynamics in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation fiber system
Authors: Sheveleva Anastasiia , Andral Ugo , Kibler Bertrand , Colman Pierre , Dudley John M. , Finot Christophe 
Published: April 2022

The observation of ideal four-wave mixing dynamics is notoriously difficult to implement experimentally due to the generation of higher-order sidebands and optical loss, which limit the potential interaction distance. Here, we overcome this problem with an experimental technique that uses programmable phase and amplitude shaping to iterate the wave mixing initial conditions injected into an optical fiber. This extends the effective propagation distance by two orders of magnitude, allowing idealized Kerr-driven dynamics to be seen over 50 km of fiber using only one short fiber segment of 500 m. Our experiments reveal the full phase space topology, showing characteristic features of multiple Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence, stationary wave existence, and the system separatrix representing the boundary between two distinct regimes of spatiotemporal evolution. Experiments are in excellent quantitative agreement with numerical solutions of the differential equation system describing the wave evolution. This experimental approach can be readily adapted to study other wave mixing and nonlinear propagation phenomena in optics.
Die Impact-Perspektive als Kommunikations- und Organisationsgrundlage des CIO-Bereichs
Authors: Winter Robert , Ringwald Fabian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl sich die Rolle und Bedeutung der IT in den meisten Unternehmen stark verändert hat, folgt die Strukturierung von CIO-Bereichen (und ihrer Wertbeiträge) meist noch einem funktionalen Paradigma – unter Bezugnahme auf „was wird gemacht“ oder „wie wird es gemacht“, manchmal auch „für wen wird es gemacht“. Eine funktionale bzw. ergebnisorientierte Strukturierung findet sich mittelbar auch in Ansätzen, welche die Wertschöpfungskette in den Mittelpunkt stellen oder agile Gestaltungsprinzipien berücksichtigen. Wir diskutieren bestehende Ansätze und schlagen ein neues Strukturierungsmodell vor, das die Aktivitäten des CIO-Bereichs aus der Perspektive „welcher Wertbeitrag wird erreicht“ (bzw. welche strategische Wirkung wird angestrebt) unterscheidet. Das sich ergebende Wirkungs-orientierte Portfolio wird dabei in den Dimensionen Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungszeitraum und Wirkungstiefe abgebildet. Ausgehend von der Demonstration bestimmter Aspekte dieses Perspektivenwechsels in Form von zwei Anwendungsfällen werden die Potenziale und Konsequenzen einer wirkungsorientierten Strukturierung des CIO-Bereichs z. B. für die Kommunikation des CIO-Wertbeitrags, die Koordination mit anderen Führungsfunktionen und die Organisation von „Business Technology“ diskutiert.
How does handwashing behaviour change in response to a cholera outbreak? A qualitative case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: White Sian , Mutula Anna C. , Buroko Modeste M. , Heath Thomas , Mazimwe François K. , Blanchet Karl , Curtis Val , Dreibelbis Robert 
Published: April 2022

Background
Handwashing with soap has the potential to curb cholera transmission. This research explores how populations experienced and responded to the 2017 cholera outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and how this affected their handwashing behaviour.

Methods
Cholera cases were identified through local cholera treatment centre records. Comparison individuals were recruited from the same neighbourhoods by identifying households with no recent confirmed or suspected cholera cases. Multiple qualitative methods were employed to understand hand hygiene practices and their determinants, including unstructured observations, interviews and focus group discussions. The data collection tools and analysis were informed by the Behaviour Centred Design Framework. Comparisons were made between the experiences and practices of people from case households and participants from comparison households.

Results
Cholera was well understood by the population and viewed as a persistent and common health challenge. Handwashing with soap was generally observed to be rare during the outbreak despite self-reported increases in behaviour. Across case and comparison groups, individuals were unable to prioritise handwashing due to competing food-scarcity and livelihood challenges and there was little in the physical or social environments to cue handwashing or make it a convenient, rewarding or desirable to practice. The ability of people from case households to practice handwashing was further constrained by their exposure to cholera which in addition to illness, caused profound non-health impacts to household income, productivity, social status, and their sense of control.

Conclusions
Even though cholera outbreaks can cause disruptions to many determinants of behaviour, these shifts do not automatically facilitate an increase in preventative behaviours like handwashing with soap. Hygiene programmes targeting outbreaks within complex crises could be strengthened by acknowledging the emic experiences of the disease and adopting sustainable solutions which build upon local disease coping mechanisms.
What’s working in Los Angeles? Two decades of achievement gains
Authors: Fuller Bruce 
Published: April 2022

A novel set of civic activists arose in Los Angeles in the 1990s, gaining independence from neoliberal advocates and labor leaders to advance a variety of school reforms over the next three decades. In turn, student learning climbed steadily during the period. This paper first describes the rise of these “new pluralists” – a diverse coalition of black and Latina leaders, civil rights attorneys, pro-equity nonprofits, and pedagogical reformers – and sketches their efforts to equitably fund central-city schools, improve teacher quality and student engagement, and decriminalize discipline. I then review accumulating evidence on which institutional changes empirically predict gains in pupil outcomes, further informed by qualitative studies. These plural actors, rooted in humanist ideals, challenged the individualistic and competitive values of neoliberals. Carving-out a third civic space, they lifted achievement on average, but have yet to find policy strategies that narrow racial disparities in learning.
Zmiany kierunków użytkowania gruntów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem użytków rolnych w miastach powiatu poznańskiego w latach 2010 i 2020
Authors: Bąk Mariusz , Abramowicz Dawid 
Published: April 2022

Obserwowana w Polsce presja inwestycyjna przyczynia się do zmian w użytkowaniu gruntów w miastach, co przejawia się zwłaszcza ubywaniem gruntów rolnych. W literaturze istnieją przykłady badań prowadzonych w tym zakresie na terenie dużych miast w Polsce, jednak w przypadku mniejszych miast badań brakuje. Ważnym problemem jest rozpoznanie tych zmian w mniejszych miastach. Celem opracowania jest analiza zmian w użytkowaniu gruntów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gruntów rolnych w miastach powiatu poznańskiego w latach 2010 i 2020. W tym okresie największe zmiany zaszły w Luboniu, Swarzędzu i Mosinie. Powierzchnia gruntów rolnych w tych miejscowościach zmniejszyła się odpowiednio o 17,5%, 10,0% i 9,5%.
Rola samorządu terytorialnego w kreowaniu produktu lokalnego na przykładzie gminy Trzcianka
Authors: Chudzyńska Izabela 
Published: April 2022

W 1989 r. w Polsce rozpoczął się proces zmian ustrojowych, które ukierunkowane były na przejście od państwa totalitarnego do demokratycznego oraz od gospodarki centralnie planowanej do wolnorynkowej. Pierwszym zauważalnym efektem tych zmian było zatowarowanie sklepów produktami spożywczymi z całego świata. W tym czasie konsumenci niechętnie sięgali po produkty pochodzące od lokalnych firm, kojarząc je z żywnością gorszej jakości. Z czasem wzorem innych krajów Unii Europejskiej nastąpiło znużenie tanim produktem spożywczym, powstającym na masową skalę. W efekcie regiony oraz poszczególne miasta rozpoczęły poszukiwania charakterystycznych dla nich potraw/produktów, które mogłyby się stać „jedzeniową marką” danego miejsca.
Celem opracowania jest wskazanie roli samorządu terytorialnego w tworzeniu rozpoznawalnego dla miasta/regionu produktu spożywczego. Jako przykład posłużyła tu wielkopolska gmina Trzcianka. Całość badań terenowych przypadła na 2021 r. Wykonano je metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. W ramach badań zrealizowano wywiady z pracownikami Urzędu Miasta w Trzciance, z właścicielami lokalnych piekarni oraz badania ankietowe z mieszkańcami gminy Trzcianka. Wykazano, że w opinii lokalnych przedsiębiorców wsparcie władz gminy ma bardzo duży wpływ na rozpoznawalność ich produktów. Zdaniem mieszkańców trzcianeckie pieczywo jest chętnie przez nich kupowane, choć nie jest kojarzone jako produkt lokalny. Badania wykazały, że brak akcji promocyjnej ukierunkowanej na wybrany produkt spożywczy sprawia, iż pochodzące z trzcianeckich piekarni pieczywo, licznie nagradzane na krajowych piekarskich konkursach, choć mogłoby być, nie jest „jedzeniową marką” Trzcianki.
Distinct morphologies of arterial waveforms reveal preload‐, contractility‐, and afterload‐deficient hemodynamic instability: An in silico simulation study
Authors: Mulder Marijn P. , Broomé Michael , Donker Dirk W. , Westerhof Berend E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHemodynamic instability is frequently present in critically ill patients, primarily caused by a decreased preload, contractility, and/or afterload. We hypothesized that peripheral arterial blood pressure waveforms allow to differentiate between these underlying causes. In this in‐silico experimental study, a computational cardiovascular model was used to simulate hemodynamic instability by decreasing blood volume, left ventricular contractility or systemic vascular resistance, and additionally adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. From the arterial pressure waveforms, 45 features describing the morphology were discerned and a sensitivity analysis and principal component analysis were performed, to quantitatively investigate their discriminative power. During hemodynamic instability, the arterial waveform morphology changed distinctively, for example, the slope of the systolic upstroke having a sensitivity of 2.02 for reduced preload, 0.80 for reduced contractility, and −0.02 for reduced afterload. It was possible to differentiate between the three underlying causes based on the derived features, as demonstrated by the first two principal components explaining 99% of the variance in waveforms. The features with a high correlation coefficient (>0.25) to these principal components are describing the systolic up‐ and downstroke, and the anacrotic and dicrotic notches of the waveforms. In this study, characteristic peripheral arterial waveform morphologies were identified that allow differentiation between deficits in preload, contractility, and afterload causing hemodynamic instability. These findings are confined to an in silico simulation and warrant further experimental and clinical research in order to prove clinical usability in daily practice.
Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
Authors: Tekin Huseyin Ozan , ALMisned Ghada , Rammah Yasser Saad , Susoy Gulfem , Ali Fatema T. , Sen Baykal Duygu , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Issa Shams A. M. , Ene Antoaneta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors (TFs), and gamma-ray shielding performance of quaternary glass systems with chemical composition (0.25−x)Bi2O3–xB2O3−0.75(50%P2O5−50%V2O5), where x = 0.05 (S1), 0.10 (S2), 0.15 (S3), and 0.20 (S4) mol%, were comprehensively studied. The MCNPX code, Phy-X/PSD software, and the Makishima–Mackenzie model were utilized to achieve the mentioned purposes. The values of the packing density (V
t) decreased from 0.634432 to 0.600611, while those of the dissociation energy (G
t) increased from 51.6125 kJ/cm3 for the S1 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 5 mol%) to 56.7525 kJ/cm3 for the S4 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 20 mol%). This means that the mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the Bi2O3 content in glasses. Linear (µ) and mass attenuation (µ
m) coefficients for the S4 glass sample were the greatest compared to those for glass materials investigated, i.e., (µ, µ
m)S1 < (µ, µ
m)S2 < (µ, µ
m)S3 < (µ, µ
m)S4. Half- and tenth-value layers (HVL and TVL, respectively) follow the trend: (HVL, TVL)S1 > (HVL, TVL)S2 > (HVL, TVL)S3 > (HVL, TVL)S4. The effective atomic number (Z
eff) of investigated glasses has the same trend as of linear and mass attenuation coefficients. Our findings indicate that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 reinforcement decreased the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values for all mean free path values (0.5–40 mfp). All glasses recorded the minimum TF values at a thickness of 3 cm. The findings would benefit the scientific community in determining the most appropriate additive bismuth(iii) oxide/diboron trioxide type and related glass composition to provide the shielding properties previously mentioned in terms of needs and utilization requirements, as well as the most suitable glass composition.
Coefficient of thermal expansion and mechanical properties of modified fiber-reinforced boron phenolic composites
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Qin Yan , Wang Xiaotian , Xiao Han 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Boron phenolic resin is widely used in the aerospace field because of its excellent thermal properties. In this article, nitrile rubber powder was added to phenolic resin to modify fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites. The results showed that the tensile strength continued to decrease; the elongation ratio increased from 20.01% to 32.04%; and flexural strength and flexural modulus reached the highest values of 188 and 9,401 MPa, respectively. Thermal analysis showed that rubber had little effect on the heat resistance at low temperatures, especially below 350°C. Furthermore, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the composites increased from 8.9 × 10−6 to 1.5 × 10−5 K−1, increasing by nearly 70%. The electron microscopy images showed a tortuous fracture path in modified composites, which indicated that rubber powder–modified phenolic composites had a ductile fracture.
Experimental determination of isothermal sections of the Hf–Nb–Ni system at 950 and 1100°C
Authors: Wei Dawei , Zhao Jianyu , Guo Cuiping , Li Changrong , Du Zhenmin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe complete isothermal sections of the Hf–Nb–Ni system at 950 and 1100 °C were constructed, in which the phase constituents and compositions of alloy samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Nine three-phase regions at 950 °C and nine three-phase regions at 1100 °C were confirmed. Four three-phase regions at 950 °C and five three-phase regions at 1100 °C were proposed. The solid solubilities of third components in the binary compounds were determined. A new ternary compound τ with Hf2Rh structure was found.
Investigation of interdiffusion behavior in the Ti–Zr–Cu ternary system
Authors: Xue Junpeng , Li Hongxiao , Liu Boshu , Ren Yuping , Jiang Min , Qin Gaowu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The interdiffusion behavior of diffusion couples Ti-25Zr/Cu, Ti-50Zr/Cu and Ti-75Zr/Cu (at.%) at 973–1073 K was investigated by using electron probe microanalysis. The results show that the diffusion paths in all diffusion couples deviate away from the faster-diffusing Cu–Ti side. The diffusion paths pass the tie-line, across or parallel to, corresponding to the different diffusion layer structures and phase morphologies. The average effective interdiffusion coefficients and activation energies of Cu in both solid solutions and intermetallic compounds were determined. The diffusion coefficients of Cu in β(Ti, Zr) solid solution increase slightly and then decrease with the increase in Zr content, while the diffusion coefficients of Cu in Cu(Ti,Zr)2 intermetallic compound decrease with the increase in Zr content. The diffusion coefficients of Cu in Cu51Zr14 are the largest among all the intermetallic compounds in diffusion couples.
Review of the application of intelligent speech technology in education
Authors: Gao Jianqing , Wan Genshun , Wu Kui , Fu Zhonghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Education is the main application field of intelligent speech technology, including automatic speech recognition and speech assessment. In this paper, we introduce some popular application cases of intelligent speech technology in education, such as intelligent micro-lessons, online distance learning and spoken English learning and testing. With the help of intelligent speech technology, people can acquire knowledge faster, learn languages more efficiently, and even communicate by using different languages. Moreover, we propose three kinds of challenging problems in the application of intelligent speech technology, including the recognition of domain-related terms, the recognition of code-switching and the fine-grained mispronunciation diagnosis. Viable state-of-art solutions to these problems are also discussed in detail. Meanwhile, we also discuss what language teachers and researchers can do in solving the above technical problems.
Overcoming reward deficiency syndrome by the induction of “dopamine homeostasis” instead of opioids for addiction: illusion or reality?
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Soni Diwanshu , Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , Baron David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many individuals in the United States are plagued by addiction, and the rate at which it is affecting people in the United States only seems to be increasing. Research shows that addiction is a preventable disorder rather than a flaw in one’s moral fiber. It is driven by the imbalance of dopamine and the brain’s reward system. Although medication-assisted treatment (MAT), the most common treatment for addiction, are effective in reducing harm, they provide minimal aid in addressing the root cause of this preventable disorder. The authors aim to convey that the proper treatment should help restore dopamine balance so the quality of life can be improved in the recovering community. Osteopathic principles emphasize the importance of homeostasis and allostasis in allowing the body to heal itself. Viewing reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) through this osteopathic lens can bring about treatments that aim to restore the dopamine homeostasis. The article discusses various potential therapeutic modalities that can provide dopamine homeostasis via activation of dopaminergic pathways.
Addressing disparities in medicine through medical curriculum change: a student perspective
Authors: Kureshi Amina , Landman Scott , Ahmed Meher , Savinova Olga V. , Becker Diane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cultural competency training has been a focus of medical schools for some time. An essential step in developing culturally competent physicians, effective cultural competency training has previously been researched at medical schools. Before forming a diversity task force to head cultural competency training, one medical school utilized medical student volunteers to review current teaching material and provide suggestions to increase cultural competency training. A study group consisting of three faculty members and 29 medical students was formed on a voluntary basis during the summer of 2020. Based on medical student opinion and reviewed teaching materials, learning tools were created to guide medical curricular updates. This experience resulted in the formation of four teaching tools: a didactic lecture checklist to include more diverse patient populations; case-based learning objectives that focus on social determinants of health; a facilitator question script to encourage group discussion and student feedback on the given clinical cases; and a student reflection form on the effects of race, gender, and socioeconomic status on patients and medical professionals in the clinical setting. Updating the medical school curriculum is a constant and ongoing process. Forming a diversity task force to guide these changes and regularly review medical teaching materials will help train physicians ready to care for a diverse patient population. In addition, the use of the suggested teaching tools may help guide the review process for such committees at other medical schools.
Investigation of the relationship between serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein levels with bone turnover in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurban Sevil , Selver Eklioglu Beray , Selver Muhammed Burak 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely known to have a detrimental effect on bone health and is associated with increased fracture risk. Recently, the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and its inhibitors sclerostin and dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) were found to be involved in the control of bone mass. The present study aimed to measure serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 protein levels in children and adolescents with type-1 DM and compare with other bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods
This study was performed on 40 children and adolescents with type-I DM and 40 healthy children and adolescents. Anthropometric measurements and pubertal examination were done. In addition to laboratory analysis, dickkopf-1, sclerostin, cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and osteocalcin levels were studied. BMD of the participants was measured by calcaneus ultrasonography.

Results
Dickkopf-1 levels of the children and adolescents with type-1 DM were significantly higher, vitamin D, NTx, osteocalcin, and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than those of the controls (p<0.001). Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin were significantly higher in the type 1 DM group (p<0.01).

Conclusions
Both bone remodeling and its compensatory mechanism bone loss are lower in children and adolescents with type-1 DM than in the controls. Also, higher levels of Dkk-1 play a role in decreased bone turnover in these patients. Since Dkk-1 and sclerostin seem to take a role in treating metabolic bone diseases in the future, we believe that our findings are significant in this respective.
Sensorlose Positionsmessung in elektrischen Antrieben mittels Fluss-Bypass-Verfahren
Authors: Schleicher André , Werner Ralf 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungSensorlose Messverfahren ermöglichen eine platzsparende und gegen Umgebungseinflüsse unempfindliche Bestimmung der Läuferposition in elektrischen Maschinen. Die konventionellen Verfahren weisen jedoch einen verhältnismäßig hohen Rauschpegel auf und sind empfindlich gegenüber magnetischer Sättigung sowie Veränderungen der elektrischen Betriebsparameter. Beim Fluss-Bypass-Verfahren wird über einen im Stator integrierten Fluss-Bypass die zeitliche Änderung eines Streuflusses im Stator der Maschine gemessen. Die Sättigung des Stators kann damit effektiv kompensiert werden. Die sonst übliche Differenziation des Stroms oder ein aufwändiges Modell zur Ermittlung von Induktivität und Wicklungswiderstand sind nicht erforderlich. Mittels theoretischer und experimenteller Untersuchungen werden der Rauschpegel, die Linearität sowie der Einfluss von Strom, Schaltfrequenz und Tastverhältnis auf das Lagemesssignal untersucht. Das Fluss-Bypass-Verfahren weist eine höhere Linearität, erheblich geringere Rauschpegel sowie eine größere Sättigungstoleranz auf, als eine konventionelle sensorlose Messung mittels Induktivitätsbestimmung. Ein wesentlicher Störeffekt sind Wirbelströme im Material. Bei entsprechender Auslegung des Fluss-Bypasses können innerhalb eines gewissen Messwertbereich parasitäre Efekte verschiedener Art gleichzeitig gemindert werden.