bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost assessment of home care for discharged patients with moderate to severe dependence
Authors: Bi Dong-Jun , Qian Wei-Yang , Pan Shuang-Jun , Zhang Jia-Li , Xu Run-Yue , Cheng Feng-Min , Feng Jing , Jia Li-Min , Tung Tao-Hsin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Toevaluate the cost of home care for patients with moderate-to-severe dependency. Methods: This study retrospectively collected 123 cases of home nursing patients in Taizhou city, a city in southeast China, from January to November 2021 and compared the actual total cost and actual expenditure of home nursing with in-hospital nursing. Results: Thecost of home nursing was higher than that of hospital nursing(vsYuan).Compared to home-based nursing and in-hospital nursing, the reimbursement amount of government-borne medical insurance reimbursement is higher (vsYuan).The actual cost of the patient’s expenses is less than that of home care(vsYuan). There were significant differences between the two groups in the actual total cost and expense reimbursement(vs,p< 0.05; vs,p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regardingtotal self-care expenses(p =0.327). Conclusion: The cost of home nursing is high, but the government and the hospital absorb the corresponding expenditure cost, so the actual expenditure of patients is low.Home care saves time and avoids the risk of accidents caused by moving.Home care reflects the medical policy to provide services and cost support through cost analysis. Further, the continuous care of moderate and severe living dependent discharged patients getscomplete nursing care.
The Regulatory Role of CO2 on Nutrient Releases from Rice-Straw Phytoliths
Authors: Nguyen Anh T.Q. , Nguyen Anh M. , Nguyen Muu T. , Nguyen Hue T. , Duong Lim T. , Dinh Van M. , Nguyen Phuong M. , Dultz Stefan , Nguyen Minh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phytolith has been widely known as a porous silica structure in numerous silicon (Si) accumulator plants, e.g., rice, that contain various nutrients and other beneficial elements too. When rice straw is returned to paddy fields, the silica structure of phytolith can be dissolved, thereby releasing its occluded nutrients. While the intrinsic characteristics and dissolution properties of phytoliths under the effect of solution chemistry have been intensively studied, the effect of gas phases, especially CO2, on phytolith stability and the implications for nutrient release are not fully known. Here, dissolution properties of phytolith ashes obtained from dry ashing of rice straw at 400, 600 and 800οC were investigated by quantifying Si release together with other nutrients under two atmospheric conditions, i.e., without and with CO2 support (aeration). In a time span of 6 days, the releases of nutrients (K, P, Ca, Mg) showed high dependence on the overall dissolution of the phytolith ashes. CO2 significantly reduced the dissolution rate of the phytolith ashes but increased the release rates of cationic as well as anionic nutrients. The aeration of CO2 shifted the carbonate equilibrium (H2CO3, HCO3− and CO32−) towards H2CO3, reducing solution pH, thereby decreasing the dissolution rate of phytoliths. Following this, intensification of H+ exchange promoted vast evacuation of cationic nutrients from the phytolith ashes. This indicates contrast responses of phytoliths and their occluded nutrients to CO2, and provides a better insight on the fate of soil phytoliths and the tendency of nutrient budgets from rice straw phytoliths in soils.
AsCoM: An ecosystem-specific reference database for increased taxonomic resolution in soil microbial profiling
Authors: Overgaard Christina Karmisholt , Tao Ke , Zhang Sha , Christensen Bent Tolstrup , Blahovska Zuzana , Radutoiu Simona , Kelly Simon , Dueholm Morten Kam Dahl 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Intensive agriculture systems have paved the way for a growing human population. However, the abundant use of mineral fertilisers and pesticides may negatively impact nutrient cycles and biodiversity. One potential alternative is to harness beneficial relationships between plants and plant-associated rhizobacteria to increase nutrient-use efficiency and provide pathogen resistance. Plant-associated microbiota profiling can be achieved using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Interrogation of this data is limited by confident taxonomic classifications at high taxonomic resolution (genus- or species-level), which is often not possible with the commonly applied universal reference databases. The development of high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with automated taxonomy assignment (AutoTax) can be used to create amplicon sequence variant resolved ecosystems-specific reference databases that are superior to the traditional universal reference databases. Results: Synthetic long-read sequencing of 987,353 full-length 16S rRNA genes was used to create a reference database (AsCoM) with AutoTax for bacteria and archaea based on Askov and Cologne soils. We evaluated the performance of AsCoM using short-read amplicon data and found that it resulted in increased genus- and species-level classification compared to commonly used universal reference databases. AsCoM was utilised to evaluate the ecosystem-specific primer bias and taxonomic resolution of amplicon primers targeting the V5-V7 region of the 16S rRNA gene as these are commonly used within the plant microbiome field. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of AsCoM through the analysis of V5-V7 amplicon data to identify new plant-associated microbes for two legume (Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula) and two cereal (Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays) species. Conclusion: We presented AsCoM, the first comprehensive ecosystem-specific 16S rRNA reference database for Askov and Cologne soil. AsCoM provides unprecedented taxonomic resolution in 16S rRNA amplicon profiling of soil-grown plant microbiota. It also represents a valuable tool for ecosystem-specific evaluation of amplicon primers and development of species-level hybridization probes for in situ studies.
Pulse amplitude ratio under noninvasive ventilation as a new method in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: ali Khaoula bel haj , Sekma Adel , Chamtouri Ikram , Beltaief Kaouthar , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Mezgar Zied , Bouida Wahid , Boukef Riadh , Boubaker Hamdi , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Nouira Semir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is commonly associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) but its role is often underestimated. Aim of study: To evaluate the performance of a new diagnostic technique based on the measurement of the pulse amplitude ratio (PAR) using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for the early identification HF in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) for AECOPD.Methods: This is a prospective observational study including patients presenting to the ED with AECOPD. Each included patient received NIV with inspiratory pressure support (PS) set at 5 and 30 cmH2O for 15 min in random order. We measured plethesmographic pulse pressure (PP) at PS of 5cmH2O (PP5) and 30 cmH2O (PP30). We calculated the PAR under NIV (PARNIV) as the PP30 /PP5 ratio. Patients were divided into two groups: a group identified as having HF (HF group) and a group without HF (non HF group). The diagnostic performance of PARNIV was assessed by standard methods.Results: 73 patients were included in this study: 32 in HF group and 41 in non HF- group. The two groups had comparable demographic and clinical characteristics at admission. The mean values of PARNIV was significantly higher among HF patients (0.86 versus 0.71; p<0 .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PARNIV was 0.75. Using the best cut-off (0.6), the sensitivity of PARNIV was 93% with a specificity 21%, a positive predictive value of 48%, and a negative predictive value of 81%. Correlation between PARNIV and BNP was significant (r =0.52; p=0.002)Conclusion: Measurement of PARNIV in patients presenting to the ED with AECOPD had a good diagnostic performance for the detection of HF and could represent an interesting alternative for the currently available methods.The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registration System (clinicaltrials.gov) under the study number NCT05189119.
Abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with tumor aggressiveness, immune response and worse survival in breast cancer
Authors: oshi Masanori , Gandhi Shipra , Yan Li , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Wu Rongrong , Yamada Akimitsu , Matsuyama Ryusei , Endo Itaru , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules that have high reactivity and play roles in protection or harm the cancer cells. We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of ROS in breast cancer (BC) tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that it is associated with worse BC patient outcomes. Methods: ROS score was generated by Gene Set Variation Analysis of Hallmark ROS pathway gene set and a total of 6,245 BC patients were analyzed. Results: High ROS BC significantly enriched cell proliferation-related gene sets (MYC targets v1 and v2, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets), pro-cancer-related gene sets (DNA repair, unfolded protein response, MTORC1 signaling, PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation), immune-related gene sets (inflammatory response, allograft rejection, interferon-α and γ responses, complement, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling), and infiltrated immune cells (CD4+ memory and CD8+ T cells, Th1 and Th2, dendritic cells, Tregs, M1 and M2 macrophages) and B-cells, as well as elevated cytolytic activity consistently in both METABRIC and GSE96058 cohorts. Cancer cells were the major source of ROS in BC TME of single cell sequence (GSE75688) cohort. High ROS was associated with intratumor heterogeneity, homologous recombination defects, mutation rates and neoantigens, and with clinical aggressiveness in AJCC stage, Nottingham grade and Ki67 expression, as well as worse overall survival in both GSE96058 and METABRIC, and with worse disease-specific survival in METABRIC. Conclusion: Abundant ROS in BC patients is associated with abundant mutations, aggressive cancer biology, immune response and worse survival.
Structures Of Remotely Related Interacting Protein Homologues Are Less Divergent Than Non-Interacting Homologues
Authors: Naveenkumar Nagarajan , Prabantu Vasam Manjveekar , Vishwanath Sneha , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Sriniva Narayanaswamy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Homologous proteins could display high structural variations felt due to evolutionary divergence at low sequence identity. This classical inverse relationship between sequence identity and structural similarity, established many years ago, has remained true between homologous proteins of known structure over time. However, large number of heteromeric proteins also exist in the structural data bank, where the interacting subunits belong to the same fold and maintain low sequence identity between themselves. It is not clear if there is any selection pressure to deviate from the inverse sequence-structure relationship for such interacting distant homologues, in comparison to pairs of homologues which are not known to interact. Results: We examined 12,824 fold pairs of interacting homologues of known structure, which includes both heteromers and multi-domain proteins. These were compared with monomeric proteins, resulting 26,082 fold pairs as a dataset of non-interacting homologous systems. Our analysis suggests that interacting homologues retain higher structural similarity than non-interacting homologues at diminishing sequence identity in a statistically significant manner.Conclusion: Interacting homologues are more similar in their 3D structures than non-interacting homologues and has a preference towards symmetric association. There appears to be a structural constraint between remote homologues due to this commitment.
Role of the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signaling axis in mucosal barrier injury caused by ulcerative colitis
Authors: Shen Yan , Mo Dayu , Liu Yingchao , Ni Siyi , Li Si , Lv Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. Therefore, we observed the activation and transduction of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)–C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling axis from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and explored the pathogenesis of UC. Cell survival rate, apoptosis rate, cycle distribution, cell permeability, ultrastructural changes in the ER, and the expression and transcription of key genes and proteins were detected. A UC mouse model was induced using dextran sulfate sodium. The disease activity index, tissue damage index, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, serum D-lactate, and diamine oxidase contents were determined. Blocking the PERK and CHOP nodes in the PERK–eIF2α–CHOP signaling axis increased stressed cell survival rate, G2 cell proportion, and monolayer cell transmembrane electrical impedance, but decreased the apoptosis rate and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran content, so the ER structure could be alleviated. Treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid significantly improved intestinal and systemic symptoms, and colonic mucosal damage was relieved. p-PERK, p-eIF2α, activating transcription factor 4, and CHOP gene transcription levels were higher in stressed cells than in normal cells, and 5-aminosalicylic acid reduced the expression of these proteins. Intestinal epithelial cells experience excessive ERS during UC, and the stress signal is successively transmitted to the apoptosis marker protein CHOP along the signal axis. Targeted blockage of the PERK–eIF2α–CHOP signaling axis may be an effective treatment strategy for UC.
Deep learning-enabled realistic virtual histology with ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy
Authors: Martell Matthew , Haven Nathaniel , McAlister Ewan , Restall Brendon , Cikaluk Brendyn , Mittal Rohan , Adam Benjamin , Giannakopoulos Nadia , Peiris Lashan , Deschenes Jean , Li Xingyu , Zemp Roger 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of oncologic surgeries is to completely resect tumor tissue, yet in up to 40% of such surgeries, positive marginsare found in the resected tissues. Postoperative histology using H&E-stained brightfield microscopy is the gold standard for determining margin status, but rapid frozen section analysis is sometimes performed for intraoperative guidance, albeit with inaccuracies. In this work, we introduce a virtual histological imaging method based on a non-contact, reflection-mode ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing and scattering microscope, combined with deep learning using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network. The system is capable of high-resolution scanning with 390 nm resolution comparable toconventional histopathology, and fast widefield scanning, generating images with histological realism in freshly-resected thick tissues or thin sections. Cytologic and architectural features of interest are readily identifiable in virtual histology images of benign and malignant tissues. To evaluate system performance, a blinded study of pathologists rating image quality metrics was conducted, with our virtual histology approach offering preferred hematoxylin-like detail (P=0.0018) and overall stain quality (P=0.0321) compared to frozen section analysis.
A CNC Direct Interpolation Algorithm based on NURBS and its Error Analysis
Authors: WEI Shengli , ZHAO Kai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For free-form surfaces or curves, it is not the best choice to use traditional G01 or G02 interpolation to generate the reference motion trajectory. Direct interpolation method is a better choice. Direct interpolation is more useful in a free-curve/surface dedicated Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system. A free-curve/surface dedicated CNC system just needs curve/surface information as input, not as a conventional CNC system uses G code as its input. NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) is a powerful expression method for free-form curves and surfaces, and so a direct interpolation algorithm based on NURBS curves is studied. In order to realize high speed, high accuracy and stable interpolation, an adaptive prediction-correction with constraint chord error method is presented to define the NURBS curve parameter. S velocity planning is used to make tool move more smoothly. As NURBS curves are piece-wise curves, NURBS direct interpolation must be computed with the parameter within its corresponding sections, and a section transition method is proposed to guarantee computing validity. Also, three reference trajectory generation methods, i.e. position interpolation, velocity interpolation and acceleration interpolation are presented, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The calculation and simulation show that the position interpolation method is more stable and the error is the smallest. The error of velocity interpolation is about 4 times that of position interpolation.
Pulmonary Embolism or COVID-19 Pneumonia? A Case Report
Authors: Borna Nahid , Niksolat Maryam , Shariati Behnam , Saeedi Vahid , Kamalzadeh Leila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most serious clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a major cause of sudden death. In the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, when a patient presents with respiratory symptoms, many serious possible non-Covid causes including PE may be considered the next priority after COVID-19 on the differential diagnosis list. Thus, the correct diagnosis may be delayed or missed, with grave consequences to the patient’s outcome and safety. Case Presentation: We herein present a case of a 63-year-old Iranian female who was admitted to our hospital showing symptoms of delirium superimposed on dementia. Soon after admission, she developed fever and respiratory symptoms. However, overestimating the likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia and attributing the patient’s symptoms to this disease led to delayed diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism, resulting in the patient’s death.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis of PE, especially in patients with identifiable risk factors. This is specifically true for patients who are unable to express their symptoms due to neurocognitive disorders.
Criopreservation of Pacu sperm (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887)
Authors: Silva Adriano Rayol da , CORICNI CARINE DAHL , Alves Fernanda Pereira , Soares Sara Lorandi , Anciutti Andréia Nobre , Filho Jorge Squeff , Jardim Rodrigo Desessards , Esquivel-Mue Juan R. , Ga Juan Ramon Esquivel , Junior Antonio Sergio Varela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the absence of effective cryopreservation methods for oocytes in fish, there has been a significant focus on protocols for the cryopreservation of male gametes to maintain genetic diversity in captive populations. This study evaluated the efficiency of various penetrating cryoprotectants that may lead to better conservation of Piaractus mesopotamicus sperm characteristics. The sperm samples were collected from 14 wild males by applying light abdominal compressions and diluted in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), along with the following cryoprotectants at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, and methanol. Kinetics of spermatozoa and cellular integrity was estimated after thawing. Sperm motility was observed to be nil for all samples for glycerol concentrations higher than 7.5%. Usage of DMSO showed less than 11% motility and less than 19 s duration of motility at all concentrations. Sperm motility was greater than 20% with a > 30 s period of motility when using methanol. We recommend, based on our observations, that using 7.5% methanol added to BTS diluent exhibits the best sperm kinetics and cell functionality (P < .05) for sperm cryopreservation of Pacu (P. mesopotamicus).
Red Clover Root-Associated Microbiota is Shaped by Geographic Location and Choice of Farming System
Authors: Jambagi Shridhar , Hodén Kristian Persson , Öhlund Linda , Dixelius Christina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Red clover (Trifolium pratense), a crop constrained by weak persistence, is the number one forage legume in Northern Europe. Whether plant loss is a sign of an increasing number of known or new pathogens, a decreasing occurrence of beneficial soil microorganisms or other factors is unclear. Here, we collected red clover root samples from Swedish conventional and organic farming sites located between latitudes 55°N and 66°N and analyzed their prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing. We compared the organism diversity, differential abundance, hub taxa and impact of Rhizobium on fungal pathogens in relation to geographic location and farming practices.
Results
We found that microbial biodiversity was lowest in samples from southern Sweden and on conventional farms. Rhizobium was the most prevalent bacterial genus, followed by Sphingomonas, Mucilaginibacter, Flavobacterium and the unclassified Chloroflexi group KD4-96. The Leptodontidium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys and Tetracladium fungal genera known for endophytic, ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic and mycoparasitic lifestyles were also frequently observed in all samples. Sixty-two potential pathogenic fungi were identified with a bias toward grass pathogens and a higher abundance in samples from conventional farms. To gain insights into the cooccurrence patterns of red clover root-associated communities, intrakingdom and interkingdom networks were constructed. Bacterial networks were dominated by known beneficial groups of bacterial species. The interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Aeromicrobium sp. was strongly positive in the north but negative in the south. Different co-occurrence responses were observed when fungal and bacterial data were combined, as exemplified by the interactions with Clonostachys rosea, a beneficial fungus that fluctuated in our dataset and was positively associated with species in Enterobacterales and Aeromicrobium in the north but negatively with species in the south.
Conclusions
We show that the microbial community is mainly shaped by geographic location and management procedures. R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii is a keystone species in samples from the northern region and Swedish organic farms. This Rhizobium species is negatively associated with all fungal pathogenic species recognized in this study. A number of previously unknown fungal species are identified, particularly those known to produce mycotoxins, which are of major concern for crop productivity and feed safety.