bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic implications of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in moderate aortic stenosis
Authors: Stassen Jan , Ewe See Hooi , Butcher Steele C , Amanullah Mohammed R , Mertens Bart J , Hirasawa Kensuke , Singh Gurpreet K , Sin Kenny Y , Ding Zee Pin , Pio Stephan M , Sia Ching-Hui , Chew Nicholas , Kong William , Poh Kian Keong , Cohen David , Généreux Philippe , Leon Martin B , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved LV systolic function.MethodsPatients with a first diagnosis of moderate AS (aortic valve area >1.0 and ≤1.5 cm2) and preserved LV systolic function (LV ejection fraction ≥50%) were identified. LV diastolic function was evaluated using echocardiographic criteria according to the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines. Clinical outcomes were defined as all-cause mortality and a composite of all-cause mortality and aortic valve replacement (AVR).ResultsOf 1247 patients (age 74±10 years, 47% men), 535 (43%) had LV diastolic dysfunction at baseline. Patients with LV diastolic dysfunction showed significantly higher mortality rates at 1-year, 3-year and 5-year follow-up (13%, 30% and 41%, respectively) when compared with patients with normal LV diastolic function (6%, 17% and 29%, respectively) (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, LV diastolic dysfunction was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.368; 95% CI 1.085 to 1.725; p=0.008) and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and AVR (HR 1.241; 95% CI 1.035 to 1.488; p=0.020).ConclusionsLV diastolic dysfunction is independently associated with all-cause mortality and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and AVR in patients with moderate AS and preserved LV systolic function. Assessment of LV diastolic function therefore contributes significantly to the risk stratification of patients with moderate AS. Future clinical trials are needed to investigate whether patients with moderate AS and LV diastolic dysfunction may benefit from earlier valve intervention.
A signature for pan-cancer prognosis based on neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Zhang Yi , Guo Liping , Dai Qichen , Shang Bingqing , Xiao Ting , Di Xuebing , Zhang Kaitai , Feng Lin , Shou Jianzhong , Wang Yipeng 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally thought to be formed by neutrophils to trap invading microorganisms as a defense mechanism. Increasing studies have shown that NETs play a pivotal role in tumor progression and diffusion. In this case, transcriptome analysis provides an opportunity to unearth the association between NETs and clinical outcomes of patients with pan-cancer.MethodsThe transcriptome sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer primary focus was obtained from UCSC Xena, and a 19-gene NETs score was then constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model based on the expression levels of 69 NETs initial biomarkers we collected from multistudies. In addition, multiple datasets covering multiple cancer types from other databases were collected and used to validate the signature. Gene ontology enrichment analyses were used to annotate the functions of NETs-related pathways. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was implemented to evaluate the role of NETs-related genes in clinical patients across types of tumors, including lung adenocarcinoma (n=58), colorectal carcinoma (n=93), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (n=90), and triple-negative breast cancer (n=80).ResultsThe NETs score was calculated based on 19-NETs related genes according to the LASSO Cox model. The NETs score was considered a hazardous factor in most cancer types, with a higher score indicating a more adverse outcome. In addition, we found that NETs were significantly correlated to various malignant biological processes, such as the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (R=0.7444, p<0.0001), angiogenesis (R=0.5369, p<0.0001), and tumor cell proliferation (R=0.3835, p<0.0001). Furthermore, in IHC cohorts of a variety of tumors, myeloperoxidase, a gene involved in the model and a classical delegate of NETs formation, was associated with poor clinical outcomes.ConclusionsCollectively, these constitutive and complementary biomarkers represented the ability of NETs formation to predict the development of patients’ progression. Integrative transcriptome analyses plus clinical sample validation may facilitate the biomarker discovery and clinical transformation.
Higher proportions of CD39+ tumor-resident cytotoxic T cells predict recurrence-free survival in patients with stage III melanoma treated with adjuvant immunotherapy
Authors: Attrill Grace Heloise , Owen Carina N , Ahmed Tasnia , Vergara Ismael A , Colebatch Andrew J , Conway Jordan W , Nahar Kazi J , Thompson John F , Pires da Silva Ines , Carlino Matteo S , Menzies Alexander M , Lo Serigne , Palendira Umaimainthan , Scolyer Richard A , Long Georgina V , Wilmott James S 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAdjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies have significantly reduced the recurrence rate in high-risk patients with stage III melanoma compared with surgery alone. However, 48% of anti-PD-1-treated patients will develop recurrent disease within 4 years. There is a need to identify biomarkers of recurrence after adjuvant ICI to enable identification of patients in need of alternative treatment strategies. As cytotoxic T cells are critical for the antitumor response to anti-PD-1, we sought to determine whether specific subsets were predictive of recurrence in anti-PD-1-treated high-risk patients with stage III melanoma.MethodsAssociations with recurrence in patients with stage III melanoma were sought by analyzing resection specimens (n=103) taken prior to adjuvant nivolumab/pembrolizumab±low-dose/low-interval ipilimumab. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to quantify intratumoral CD8+ T-cell populations using phenotypical markers CD39, CD103, and PD-1.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 19.3 months, 37/103 (36%) of patients had a recurrence. Two CD8+ T-cell subpopulations were significantly associated with recurrence. First, CD39+ tumor-resident memory cells (CD39+CD103+PD-1+CD8+ (CD39+ Trm)) comprised a significantly higher proportion of CD8+ T cells in recurrence-free patients (p=0.0004). Conversely, bystander T cells (CD39−CD103−PD-1−CD8+) comprised a significantly greater proportion of T cells in patients who developed recurrence (p=0.0002). Spatial analysis identified that CD39+ Trms localized significantly closer to melanoma cells than bystander T cells. Multivariable analysis confirmed significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with a high proportion of intratumoral CD39+ Trms (1-year RFS high 78.1% vs low 49.9%, HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.69), no complete lymph node dissection performed, and less advanced disease stage (HR 2.85, 95% CI 1.13 to 7.19, and HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.82). The final Cox regression model identified patients who developed recurrence with an area under the curve of 75.9% in the discovery cohort and 69.5% in a separate validation cohort (n=33) to predict recurrence status at 1 year.ConclusionsAdjuvant immunotherapy-treated patients with a high proportion of CD39+ Trms in their baseline melanoma resection have a significantly reduced risk of melanoma recurrence. This population of T cells may not only represent a biomarker of RFS following anti-PD-1 therapy, but may also be an avenue for therapeutic manipulation and enhancing outcomes for immunotherapy-treated patients with cancer.
IVIg-exposure and thromboembolic event risk: findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Kapoor Mahima , Hunt Ian , Spillane Jennifer , Bonnett Laura Jayne , Hutton Elspeth Jane , McFadyen James , Westwood John-Paul , Lunn Michael P , Carr Aisling S , Reilly Mary M 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundArterial and venous thromboembolic events (TEEs) have been associated with intravenous Ig use, but the risk has been poorly quantified. We aimed to calculate the risk of TEEs associated with exposure to intravenous Ig.MethodsWe included participants from UK Biobank recruited over 3 years, data extracted September 2020.The study endpoints were incidence of myocardial infarction, other acute ischaemic heart disease, stroke, pulmonary embolism and other venous embolism and thrombosis.Predictors included known TEE risk factors: age, sex, hypertension, smoking status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, cancer and past history of TEE. Intravenous Ig and six other predictors were added in the sensitivity analysis.Information from participants was collected prospectively, while data from linked resources, including death, cancer, hospital admissions and primary care records were collected retrospectively and prospectively. Findings14 794 of 502 492 individuals had an incident TEE during the study period. The rate of incident events was threefold higher in those with prior history of TEE (8 .7%) than those without previous history of TEE (3.0%).In the prior TEE category, intravenous Ig exposure was independently associated with increased risk of incident TEE (OR=3.69 (95% CI 1.15 to 11.92), p=0.03) on multivariate analysis. The number needed to harm by exposure to intravenous Ig in those with a history of TEE was 5.8 (95% CI 2.3 to 88.3).Intravenous Ig exposure did not increase risk of TEE in those with no previous history of TEE.InterpretationIntravenous Ig is associated with increased risk of further TEE in individuals with prior history of an event with one further TEE for every six people exposed. In practice, this will influence how clinicians consent for and manage overall TEE risk on intravenous Ig exposure.
Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: impact of different definitions – the Tromsø Study
Authors: Johnsen Liv-Hege , Herder Marit , Vangberg Torgil , Kloster Roar , Ingebrigtsen Tor , Isaksen Jørgen Gjernes , Mathiesen Ellisiv B 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundManagement of incidental unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains challenging and depends on their risk of rupture, estimated from the assumed prevalence of aneurysms and the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Reported prevalence varies, and consistent criteria for definition of UIAs are lacking. We aimed to study the prevalence of UIAs in a general population according to different definitions of aneurysm.MethodsCross-sectional population-based study using 3-dimensional time-of-flight 3 Tesla MR angiography to identify size, type and location of UIAs in 1862 adults aged 40–84 years. Size was measured as the maximal distance between any two points in the aneurysm sac. Prevalence was estimated for different diameter cutoffs (≥1, 2 and 3 mm) with and without inclusion of extradural aneurysms.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intradural saccular aneurysms ≥2 mm was 6.6% (95% CI 5.4% to 7.6%), 7.5% (95% CI 5.9% to 9.2%) in women and 5.5% (95% CI 4.1% to 7.2%) in men. Depending on the definition of an aneurysm, the overall prevalence ranged from 3.8% (95% CI 3.0% to 4.8%) for intradural aneurysms ≥3 mm to 8.3% (95% CI 7.1% to 9.7%) when both intradural and extradural aneurysms ≥1 mm were included.ConclusionPrevalence in this study was higher than previously observed in other Western populations and was substantially influenced by definitions according to size and extradural or intradural location. The high prevalence of UIAs sized <5 mm may suggest lower rupture risk than previously estimated. Consensus on more robust and consistent radiological definitions of UIAs is warranted.
Anisotropic compact objects with Finch–Skea geometry in EGB gravity
Authors: Das Bibhash , Dey Sagar , Das Shyam , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a new class of relativistic anisotropic stellar models with spherically symmetric matter distribution in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. A higher dimensional Finch–Skea geometry in the theory is taken up here to construct stellar models in hydrostatic equilibrium. The Gauss–Bonnet term is playing an important role in accommodating neutron stars. We study the physical features namely, the energy density, the radial and tangential pressures and the suitability of the models. It is found that the equation of state of such stars are non-linear which is determined for a given mass and radius of known stars. The stability of the stellar models are also explored for a wide range of values of the model parameters.
Localization properties of the asymptotic density distribution of a one-dimensional disordered system
Authors: Hainaut Clément , Clément Jean-François , Szriftgiser Pascal , Garreau Jean Claude , Rançon Adam , Chicireanu Radu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anderson localization is the ubiquitous phenomenon of inhibition of transport of classical and quantum waves in a disordered medium. In dimension one, it is well known that all states are localized, implying that the distribution of an initially narrow wave packet released in a disordered potential will, at long time, decay exponentially on the scale of the localization length. However, the exact shape of the stationary localized distribution differs from a purely exponential profile and has been computed almost fifty years ago by Gogolin. Using the atomic quantum kicked rotor, a paradigmatic quantum simulator of Anderson localization physics, we study this asymptotic distribution by two complementary approaches. First, we discuss the connection of the statistical properties of the system’s localized eigenfunctions and their exponential decay with the localization length of the Gogolin distribution. Next, we make use of our experimental platform, realizing an ideal Floquet disordered system, to measure the long-time probability distribution and highlight the very good agreement with the analytical prediction compared to the purely exponential one over 3 orders of magnitude.

Graphical Abstract
Longitudinal Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors and Health Status in Colon Cancer Survivors
Authors: Satia Jessie A. , Campbell Marci K. , Galanko Joseph A. , James Aimee , Carr Carol , Sandler Robert S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lifestyle changes in persons diagnosed with cancer are important because they may impact prognosis, co-morbidities, and survival. This report describes longitudinal changes in lifestyle behaviors and health status among colon cancer survivors (n = 278) and population-based controls (n = 459) in North Carolina (39% African American), and examines demographic and psychosocial correlates of healthy lifestyle changes following a colon cancer diagnosis. Data are from surveys of a population-based cohort of colon cancer patients on diagnosis (the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study, NCCCS) and approximately 2 years post-diagnosis [the North Carolina Strategies to Improve Diet, Exercise, and Screening Study (NC STRIDES)], and population-based controls. Both studies collected information on demographic/lifestyle characteristics and medical history. The NCCCS reflects pre-diagnosis or pre-interview patterns, whereas NC STRIDES queried on current practices. Between the NCCCS and NC STRIDES, colon cancer survivors reported significant increases in vegetable intake, physical activity, and supplement use (all P &lt;0.01) and a non-statistically significant increase in fruit/juice consumption (0.1 serving), with larger fruit/vegetable changes in African Americans than Whites. Controls increased physical activity and supplement use and fewer reported arthritic symptoms (P &lt; 0.05). Survivors who were older and female had an almost 3 times higher likelihood of having used at least one new dietary supplement post-diagnosis, whereas being retired correlated with increased vegetable intake, all P &lt; 0.05. Having more barriers to increasing fruit/vegetable intake was inversely associated with taking a new supplement (P &lt; 0.05 only in controls). Colon cancer survivors reported making significant improvements in multiple health-related behaviors. Health care providers should communicate with persons diagnosed with colon cancer to ensure that they are making healthy lifestyle changes.
WBC Count and the Risk of Cancer Mortality in a National Sample of U.S. Adults: Results from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study
Authors: Erlinger Thomas P. , Muntner Paul , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inflammation has been shown to be a risk factor for several chronic diseases. Few epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between markers of inflammation and cancer. The current study included 7,674 Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) participants, 30 to 74 years of age, between 1976 and 1980. Mortality follow-up through December 31, 1992 was assessed using the National Death Index and Social Security Administration Death Master File. A graded association between higher WBC and higher risk of total cancer mortality was observed [highest versus lowest quartile (relative risk [RR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.23)] after adjusting for age, sex, and race. After further adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol intake, education, hematocrit, and diabetes, WBC remained significantly associated (P trend = 0.03) with total cancer mortality [highest versus lowest quartile (RR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.56)]. In stratified analyses, increased WBC was associated with higher risk of non-lung cancer (P trend = 0.04), but not lung cancer (P trend = 0.18). Among never smokers, a 1 SD increase in WBC (2.2 × 109 cells/L) was associated with greater risk of total (RR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05-1.67) and non-lung (RR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.63) cancer mortality. These findings support the hypothesis that inflammation is an independent risk factor for cancer mortality. Additional studies are needed to determine whether circulating levels of inflammatory markers are associated with increased risk of incident cancer.
Reliability and Validity of Opiate Use Self-Report in a Population at High Risk for Esophageal Cancer in Golestan, Iran
Authors: Abnet Christian C. , Saadatian-Elahi Mitra , Pourshams Akram , Boffetta Paolo , Feizzadeh Ali , Brennan Paul , Taylor Philip R. , Kamangar Farin , Dawsey Sanford M. , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported opium use in a rural Iranian population at high risk for esophageal cancer in preparation for a large cohort study. Method: 1,057 subjects ages 33 to 84 years were recruited from Gonbad city and three surrounding villages in Golestan province of Iran and completed a questionnaire and provided biological samples. The history and duration of using opium, smoking tobacco, chewing nass, and drinking alcohol were measured by questionnaire in the entire cohort. A subgroup of 130 people was reinterviewed after 2 months to assess reliability. Validity of the opium question was assessed by comparing the questionnaire responses with the presence of codeine and morphine in the urine of 150 selected subjects. Results: Self-reported opiate use is reliable and valid in this population. The reliability of ever opium use and duration of opium use had κ's of 0.96 and 0.74, respectively. The validity of self-reported opium use was also high. Using urine codeine or morphine as the gold standard for use of opium, self-report had a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.89. Conclusions: The self-reported use of opium can provide a reliable and valid measurement in this population and will be useful for studying associations between opium use and occurrence of esophageal cancer and other diseases.
Insulin, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity: Are Potential Indicators of Insulin Resistance Associated with Mortality from Breast Cancer?
Authors: Borugian Marilyn J. , Sheps Samuel B. , Kim-Sing Charmaine , Van Patten Cheri , Potter John D. , Dunn Bruce , Gallagher Richard P. , Hislop T. Gregory 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High levels of insulin have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer, and poorer survival after diagnosis. Data and sera were collected from 603 breast cancer patients, including information on diet and physical activity, medical history, family history, demographic, and reproductive risk factors. These data were analyzed to test the hypothesis that excess insulin and related factors are directly related to mortality after a diagnosis of breast cancer. The cohort was recruited from breast cancer patients treated at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between July 1991 and December 1992. Questionnaire and medical record data were collected at enrolment and outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the BC Cancer Registry after 10 years of follow-up. The primary outcome of interest was breast cancer-specific mortality (n = 112). Lifestyle data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to relate risk factors to outcomes, controlling for potential confounders, such as age and stage at diagnosis. Data for biological variables were analyzed as a nested case-control study due to limited serum volumes, with at least one survivor from the same cohort as a control for each breast cancer death, matched on stage and length of follow-up. High levels of insulin were associated with poorer survival for postmenopausal women [odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-6.6, comparing highest to lowest tertile, P trend = 0.10], while high dietary fat intake was associated with poorer survival for premenopausal women (relative risk, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.3-18.1, comparing highest to lowest quartile). Higher dietary protein intake was associated with better survival for all women (relative risk, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8, comparing highest to lowest quartile).
Lysophospholipids Are Potential Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sutphen Rebecca , Xu Yan , Wilbanks George D. , Fiorica James , Grendys Edward C. , LaPolla James P. , Arango Hector , Hoffman Mitchell S. , Martino Martin , Wakeley Katie , Griffin David , Blanco Rafael W. , Cantor Alan B. , Xiao Yi-jin , Krischer Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and other lysophospholipids (LPL) are useful markers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of ovarian cancer in a controlled setting. Method: Plasma samples were collected from ovarian cancer patients and healthy control women in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties, Florida, and processed at the University of South Florida H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute (Moffitt). Case patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 117) and healthy control subjects (n = 27) participated in the study. Blinded LPL analysis, including 23 individual LPL species, was performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry–based method. LPL levels were transmitted to Moffitt, where clinical data were reviewed and statistical analyses were performed. Results: There were statistically significant differences between preoperative case samples (n = 45) and control samples (n = 27) in the mean levels of total LPA, total lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and individual LPA species as well as the combination of several LPL species. The combination of 16:0-LPA and 20:4-LPA yielded the best discrimination between preoperative case samples and control samples, with 93.1% correct classification, 91.1% sensitivity, and 96.3% specificity. In 22 cases with both preoperative and postoperative samples, the postoperative levels of several LPL, including S1P, total LPA, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels and some individual species of LPA and LPC, were significantly different from preoperative levels. Conclusion: LPA, LPI, LPC, and S1P appear useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer.