bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient‐dependent allometric plasticity in a male‐diphenic mite
Authors: Rhebergen Flor T. , Stewart Kathryn A. , Smallegange Isabel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMale secondary sexual traits often scale allometrically with body size. These allometries can be variable within species and may shift depending on environmental conditions, such as food quality. Such allometric plasticity has been hypothesized to initiate local adaptation and evolutionary diversification of scaling relationships, but is under‐recorded, and its eco‐evolutionary effects are not well understood. Here, we tested for allometric plasticity in the bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini), in which large males tend to develop as armed adult fighters with thickened third legs, while small males become adult scramblers without thickened legs. We first examined the ontogenetic timing for size‐ and growth‐dependent male morph determination, using experimentally amplified fluctuations in growth rate throughout juvenile development. Having established that somatic growth and body size determine male morph expression immediately before metamorphosis, we examined whether the relationship between adult male morph and size at metamorphosis shifts with food quality. We found that the threshold body size for male morph expression shifts toward lower values with deteriorating food quality, confirming food‐dependent allometric plasticity. Such allometric plasticity may allow populations to track prevailing nutritional conditions, potentially facilitating rapid evolution of allometric scaling relationships.
Food quantity and quality shapes reproductive strategies of Daphnia
Authors: Bednarska Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn freshwater environments, one of the challenges aquatic grazers face are periods of suboptimal food quantity and quality. In a life table experiment, the effects of food quantity (a gradient of algae concentration) and quality (a diet of cyanobacteria) on the life histories and resource allocation strategy in Daphnia magna were tested. Growth‐related traits were similarly affected under different food regimes while the reproductive strategies differed in animals exposed to low food quantity and quality. The per‐clutch investment (clutch volume) did not differ between Daphnia fed with cyanobacteria and underfed mothers, but resources were differently allocated; underfed mothers increased their per‐offspring investment by producing fewer, but larger eggs, whereas cyanobacteria‐fed mothers invested in a greater number of eggs of smaller size. I argue that both strategies of resource allocation (number vs. size of eggs) may be adaptive under the given food regime. The results of the study show that the cyanobacteria diet‐driven fitness losses are comparable to losses caused by food quantity, which is only slightly above the growth capability threshold for Daphnia.
Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in Tang‐e Vanak section (Central Zagros Basin, SW Iran)
Authors: Asgari‐Pirbalouti Borzu , Dehghanian Mohammadsadegh 
Published: August 2022

The Tarbur Formation is a carbonate stratigraphic unit in the Zagros Basin. This formation is exposed between the Main Zagros Reverse and High Zagros faults and Sabzpoushan Fault. In this study, we describe the depositional characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous sediments (Tarbur Formation) in the Tang‐e Vanak section. In this section, the lower conglomeratic boundary below the Tarbur Formation is named the Amiran Formation and the upper boundary of the Tarbur Formation is disconformably overlain by white dolomitic deposits of the Shahbazan Formation. The Tarbur Formation was interpreted to be deposited in a carbonate homoclinic ramp due to the lack of a deep lagoon environment in the back of the reef structures and the turbidity sediments in its frontal margin. Based on this study, 8 microfacies were recognized including (1) Algal‐foraminiferal wackestone/packstone (2) Bioclastic‐ algal wackestone/packstone, (3) Intraclast bioclastic packstone, (4) Coral boundstone, (5) Rudist boundstone, (6) Bioclastic grainstone, (7) Bioclastic‐foraminiferal wackestone, and (8) Planktonic foraminiferal intraclastic wackestone/packstone. These microfacies were located in the inner, middle, and outer ramp.
Transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate fMRI drug cue reactivity in methamphetamine users: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ekhtiari Hamed , Soleimani Ghazaleh , Kuplicki Rayus , Yeh Hung‐Wen , Cha Yoon‐Hee , Paulus Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a therapeutic option to alter maladaptive brain functions associated with chronic substance use. We present a randomized, triple‐blind, sham‐controlled, clinical trial to determine the neural substrates of tDCS effects on drug craving. Sixty participants with methamphetamine use disorder were assigned to two groups: active tDCS (5 x 7 cm2, 2 mA, 20 min, anode/cathode over the F4/Fp1) and sham stimulation. Neuroimaging data of a methamphetamine cue reactivity task were collected immediately before and after stimulation. There was a significant reduction in self‐reported craving after stimulation without any significant effect of time‐by‐group interaction. Our whole‐brain analysis demonstrated that there was a global decrease in brain reactivity to cues following sham but not active tDCS. There were significant time‐by‐group interactions in five main clusters in middle and inferior frontal gyri, anterior insula, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus with higher activations after active stimulation. There was a significant effect of stimulation type in the relationship between electrical current at the individual level and changes in task‐modulated activation. Brain regions with the highest electric current in the prefrontal cortex showed a significant time‐by‐group interaction in task‐modulated connectivity in the frontoparietal network. In this trial, there was no significant effect of the one session of active‐F4/Fp1 tDCS on drug craving self‐report compared to sham stimulation. However, activation and connectivity differences induced by active compared to sham stimulation suggested some potential mechanisms of tDCS to modulate neural response to drug cues.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland: Clinicopathological analysis of 146 cases from a single institute
Authors: Zhang Chunye , Gu Ting , Tian Zhen , Wang Lizhen , Han Jing , Hu Yuhua , Xia Ronghui , Li Jiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundParotid lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a rare malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of parotid LEC.MethodsAll patients clinicopathological information diagnosed parotid LEC from 2005 to 2017 were analyzed.ResultsA total of 146 cases of parotid LECs were identified. Of these, 126 (86.3%) were primary and 20 (13.7%) were secondary LECs. Patients with secondary LEC tended to have tumors with earlier TNM staging than those with primary (p = 0.031). The tumor cells in 87 (94.6%, 87/92) cases tested positive for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Cervical node metastases were present at diagnosis in 46 (31.5%) cases. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 97.0% and 90.8%, respectively. Older age was an adverse prognostic indicator for overall survival (p < 0.001).ConclusionsParotid LEC is associated with EBV and an increased rate of cervical node metastases. However, most patients, especially younger ones, have a good prognosis.
Geomorphically mediated carbon dynamics of floodplain soils and implications for net effect of carbon erosion
Authors: Quine Timothy A. , Cressey Elizabeth L. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , De Baets Sarah , Meersmans Jeroen , Jones Matthew W. , Nicholas Andrew P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fate of organic carbon deposited in floodplain sediments is an important control on the magnitude and direction of the carbon flux from anthropogenically accelerated erosion and channelization of the riverine network. Globally, carbon deposition rates and mean residence time (MRT) within different geomorphic settings remains poorly constrained. We sampled soil profiles to 0.8 m depth from two geomorphic zones: active channel belt (ACB) and lowland floodplain, under long‐term pasture adjacent to the river Culm in SW England, UK. We evaluated sedimentation rates and carbon storage using fallout radionuclide 137Cs, particle size and total carbon analyses. Variation in decomposition was assessed via empirical (soil aggregate size, density fractionation combined with natural abundance 13C analysis) and modelling simulation (using the RothC model and catchment implications explored using a floodplain evolution model). Sedimentation and carbon accumulation rates were 5–6 times greater in the ACB than the floodplain. Carbon decomposition rates also varied with geomorphic setting. In floodplain cores, faster decomposition rates were indicated by greater 13C‐enrichment and subsoils dominated by mineral‐associated soil organic carbon. Whereas, in the ACB, carbon was less processed and 13C‐depleted, with light fraction and macroaggregate‐carbon throughout the cores, and RothC modelled decomposition rates were 4‐fold less than lowland floodplain cores. Including the ACB in floodplain carbon MRT calculations increased overall MRT by 10%. The major differences in the balance of sedimentation and decomposition rates between active and inactive floodplains suggests the relative extent of these contrasting zones is critical to the overall carbon balance. Restoration projects could enhance soil carbon storage by maximizing active floodplain areas by increasing river channel complexity.
Redesigning Reading in and for the Disciplines
Authors: Glasswell Kathryn , Madda Christina L. , Glasswell Nicky 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChallenges associated with reading in the disciplines are well documented. In this article, we report on a small‐scale study that was part of a larger school‐university design‐based research collaboration focused on improving literacy learning in Australian high schools. We discuss Paired Wide Reading (PWR), an instructional innovation designed to increase opportunities for adolescent learners to read engaging and relevant texts within disciplinary lessons. Mean pre and post‐test reading comprehension scores revealed statistically significant improvements of twice the expected rate of gain for participating Year 9 students. Highlighting the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration among teachers, findings also suggest PWR's cumulative effect on measures of student reading comprehension. Students exposed to PWR across several curricular areas made the greatest gains. Additionally, teachers who infused PWR into their disciplinary lessons found it to be engaging, enriching and effective. This study underscores the potential of school‐university collaborations to redesign instruction in impactful ways.
Selenoprotein I deficiency in T cells promotes differentiation into tolerant phenotypes while decreasing Th17 pathology
Authors: Ma Chi , Hoffmann FuKun W , Nunes Lance G , Urena Frank , Andrukhiv Anastasia , Gerschenson Mariana , Pitts Matthew W , Hoffmann Peter R 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an ethanolamine phospholipid transferase contributing to cellular metabolism and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. SELENOI knockout (KO) in T cells has been shown to impair metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation and reduce GPI-anchored Thy-1 levels, which are both crucial for Th17 differentiation. This suggests SELENOI may be important for Th17 differentiation, and we found that SELENOI was indeed up-regulated early during the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells in Th17 conditions. SELENOI KO reduced RORγt mRNA levels by decreasing SOX5 and STAT3 binding to promoter and enhancer regions in the RORC gene encoding this master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into inflammatory versus tolerogenic Th cell subsets was analyzed and results showed that SELENOI deficiency skewed differentiation away from pathogenic Th17 cells (RORγt+ and IL-17A+) while promoting tolerogenic phenotypes (Foxp3+ and IL-10+). Wild-type and T cell-specific SELENOI KO mice were subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), with KO mice exhibiting diminished clinical symptoms, reduced CNS pathology and decreased T cell infiltration. Flow cytometry showed that SELENOI T cell KO mice exhibited lower CD4+RORγt+ and CD4+IL-17A+ T cells and higher CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in CNS tissues of mice subjected to EAE. Thus, the metabolic enzyme SELENOI is up-regulated to promote RORγt transcription that drives Th17 differentiation, and SELENOI deficiency shifts differentiation toward tolerogenic phenotypes while protecting against pathogenic Th17 responses.
IL-22 andLactobacillus delbrueckiimitigate alcohol-induced exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Cannon Abigail R , Shim Esther H , Kuprys Paulius V , Choudhry Mashkoor A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by cycles of active disease flare and inactive disease remission. During UC remission, IL-22 is up-regulated, acting as a hallmark of entrance into UC remission. Recently, we found that in our mouse model of binge alcohol and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, alcohol increases severity of UC pathology. In this study, we assessed not only whether alcohol influenced IL-22 expression and thereby perpetuates UC, but also whether recombinant IL-22 (rIL-22) or treatment with a probiotic could alleviate exacerbated symptoms of UC. Levels of large intestine IL-22 were significantly decreased ∼6.9-fold in DSS ethanol compared with DSS vehicle. Examination of lamina propria (LP) cells in the large intestine revealed IL-22+ γδ T cells in DSS vehicle-treated mice were significantly increased, while IL-22+ γδ T cells in DSS ethanol mice were unable to mount this IL-22 response. We administered rIL-22 and found it restored weight loss of DSS ethanol-treated mice. Colonic shortening and increased Enterobacteriaceae were also attenuated. Administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii attenuated weight loss (p &lt; 0.01), colon length (p &lt; 0.001), mitigated increases in Enterobacteriaceae, increased levels of IL-22, and increased levels of p-STAT3 back to that of DSS vehicle group in DSS ethanol mice. In contrast, sole administration of L. delbrueckii supernatant was not sufficient to reduce UC exacerbation following alcohol. Our findings suggest L. delbrueckii contributes to repair mechanisms by increasing levels of IL-22, resulting in phosphorylation of STAT3, thus attenuating the alcohol-induced increases in intestinal damage after colitis.
Neutrophil functional heterogeneity is a fixed phenotype and is associated with distinct gene expression profiles
Authors: Maskarinec Stacey A , McKelvy Margaret , Boyle Kimberly , Hotchkiss Halie , Duarte Madelaine E , Addison Bechtler , Amato Nicholas , Khandelwal Sanjay , Arepally Gowthami M , Lee Grace M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDifferences in the ability of neutrophils to perform relevant effector functions has been identified in a variety of disease states. Although neutrophil functional heterogeneity is increasingly recognized during disease, few studies have examined neutrophil functional heterogeneity during periods of health. In this study, we systematically characterize neutrophil functional heterogeneity in a cohort of healthy human subjects using a range of biologically relevant agonists including immune complexes, bacterial ligands, and pathogens. With repeated testing over several years, we show that neutrophil functional capability represents a fixed phenotype for each individual. This neutrophil phenotype is preserved across a range of agonists and extends to a variety of effector functions including degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap release, reactive oxygen species generation, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing. Using well-phenotyped healthy human subjects, we demonstrate that neutrophil functional heterogeneity is characterized by differences in neutrophil gene expression patterns. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that while neutrophil function is highly heterogeneous among healthy subjects, each individual's functional capability represents a fixed phenotype defined by a distinct neutrophil gene expression profile. These findings may be relevant during disease states where the ability to perform relevant neutrophil effector functions may impact disease course and/or clinical outcome.
Controlling Size and Surface Chemistry of Cationic Nanogels by Inverse Microemulsion ATRP
Authors: Simakova Antonina , Averick Saadyah , Jazani Arman Moini , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe unique properties of cationic nanogels, such as their hydrophilicity and high loading capacity, make them a promising platform as drug delivery agents, particularly for the delivery of hydrophilic biomolecules. Although several synthetic methods exist for cationic nanogels, polymerization in dispersed media is advantageous due to its ability to provide control over composition and high monomer conversion. However, polymer droplets typically suffer from a significant increase in size during polymerization due to the Ostwald ripening process. Herein, the preparation of cationic nanogels by atom transfer radical polymerization under inverse microemulsion conditions of a hydrophilic inimer that prevents monomer diffusion and hence limits droplets’ growth during polymerization is reported. Additionally, the surface functionality of the nanogels can be modulated by the application of hydrophobic reactive surfactants or by grafting hydrophilic shells to form core‐shell cationic nanogels. The synthesized cationic nanogels are biocompatible, internalized to HEK 293 cells, and have a high complexation ability for plasmid DNA.
Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Hu Chen , Yang Jing , Qi Ziping , Wu Hong , Wang Beilei , Zou Fengming , Mei Husheng , Liu Jing , Wang Wenchao , Liu Qingsong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Hypolipogenic effects of Icariside E4 via phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells
Authors: Suh Jin Young , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Sim Deok Yong , Park Ji Eon , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Shin Nari , Kim Bonglee , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThough icariside E4 (IE4) is known to have anti‐noceptive, anti‐oxidant, anti‐Alzheimer and anti‐inflammatory effects, there was no evidence on the effect of IE4 on lipid metabolism so far. Hence, the hypolipogenic mechanism of IE4 was investigated in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) in association with MID1 Interacting Protein 1(MID1IP1) and AMPK signaling. Here, IE4 did not show any toxicity in HepG2 cells, but reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by Oil Red O staining. MID1IP1 depletion decreased the expression of SREBP‐1c and fatty acid synthase (FASN) and induced phosphorylation of ACC in HepG2 cells. Indeed, IE4 activated phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and inhibited the expression of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, IE4 suppressed the expression of SREBP‐1c, liver X receptor‐α (LXR), and FASN for de novo lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed the ability of IE4 to reduce MID1IP1, SREBP‐1c, and FASN and activate phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC in HepG2 cells, indicating the important role of AMPK/ACC signaling in IE4‐induced hypolipogenic effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that IE4 has hypolipogenic potential in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 as a potent candidate for treatment of fatty liver disease.
Determination of relative sensitivity factor, sputtering rate, and detection limits of deuterium in deuterium ion‐implanted Zircaloy‐4 using secondary ion mass spectrometer
Authors: Singh Manish , Karki Vijay , Jaison Perumpillil G. 
Published: August 2022

Zirconium‐based alloys are extensively used in the nuclear industry as materials for reactor core components. These alloys are used in fuel cladding and pressure tubes with 1H2O or 2H2O as the primary heat exchange fluid. Continuous usage of pressure tubes and fuel cladding inside the reactor results in heavy ingress of hydrogen (1H) or deuterium (2H), which gives rise to the formation of hydrogen (or deuterium) precipitates in the host of zirconium matrix. This is called hydrogen (or deuterium) embrittlement phenomenon. Therefore, determination of hydrogen or deuterium concentration periodically in zirconium alloy pressure tubes and cladding are crucial for safe operation of nuclear reactors. Hence, in this work, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been utilized to determine the relative sensitive factor (RSF), sputtering rate, and detection limits of 2H in 2H+ ion‐implanted Zircaloy‐4 sample. SIMS analysis has been carried out using O2+ and Cs+ primary ion beams. Depth profiles of various elemental and molecular secondary ions have been monitored to determine the RSF values and detection limits of 2H in the sample under different primary ion beam analysis conditions. Sputtering rate under different analysis conditions has also been determined from the correlation between the projected range of 2H+ ions in Zircaloy‐4 sample determined from Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software and the depth of the crater formed by primary ion beam bombardment process. The projected range of 2H+ ions in Zircaloy‐4 was estimated to be ~524.2 nm using the simulation carried out by SRIM software. The projected range, evaluated by SRIM software, was utilized for depth scale calibration of SIMS sputtered time profiles. The SIMS depth profiles were also calibrated by determining the depth of the SIMS crater by using optical depth profilometer. The values of range estimated by SRIM as well as optical profilometer were found to be in good agreement, within instrument uncertainty.