bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Splicing of Apoptosis Genes Promotes Human T Cell Survival
Authors: Blake Davia , Radens Caleb M. , Ferretti Max B , Gazzara Matthew R , Lynch Kristen W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlternative splicing occurs in the vast majority of human genes, giving rise to distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. We, and others, have previously identified hundreds of genes that change their isoform expression upon T cell activation via alternative splicing; however, how these changes link activation input with functional output remains largely unknown. Here we investigate how costimulation of T cells through the CD28 receptor impacts alternative splicing in T cells activated through the T cell receptor (CD3) and find that while CD28 signaling alone has minimal impact on splicing, it enhances the extent of change for up to 20% of TCR-induced alternative splicing events. Interestingly, a set of CD28-enhanced splicing events occur within genes encoding key components of the apoptotic signaling pathway; namely caspase-9, Bax and Bim. Using both CRISPR-edited cells and antisense oligos to force expression of specific isoforms, we show for all three of these genes that the isoform induced by CD3/CD28 costimulation promotes resistance to apoptosis, and that changes in all three genes together function combinatorially to further promote cell viability. Finally, we show that the JNK signaling pathway, induced downstream of CD3/CD28 costimulation, is required for each of these splicing events, further highlighting their co-regulation. Together these findings demonstrate that alternative splicing is a key mechanism by which costimulation of CD28 promotes viability of activated T cells.
Maintaining job crafting over time: joint effect of autonomy and career support from family and friends
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Huang Jason L. , Xie Baoguo 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe study focuses on intraindividual trajectory of job crafting change over time. Integrating the self-regulation and demands-resources perspectives, this study examines how career support from family and friends interacts with job autonomy to influence the change pattern of job crafting.Design/methodology/approachFour waves of self-report survey data were collected in a semester from 324 university professors and instructors in China. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine intraindividual change of job crafting and conducted latent interaction analysis to test the joint effect of autonomy and career support from family and friends on job crafting change.FindingsThere was a general declining trend in job crafting over the course of a semester. Career support from family and friends moderated the association between job autonomy and job crafting maintenance. Specifically, when career support was low, job autonomy was negatively associated with job crafting maintenance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study showed that job crafting maintenance over time is distinct from the typical between-person conceptualization. Further, job crafting maintenance was predicted from a self-regulatory perspective. However, the unique context of college faculty from China may limit generalization of the findings.Practical implicationsManagers should recognize the challenges in maintaining job crafting over time. In addition to providing autonomy at work, organizations may benefit from establishing channels for employees to receive career support from non-work domains.Originality/valueThe authors adopt a self-regulation perspective to understand intraindividual change in job crafting over time and situate the current investigation in the cyclical nature of university faculty’s job.
Bank competition, risk-taking and financial stability: insights from an emerging economy
Authors: Srivastava Bhavya , Singh Shveta , Jain Sonali 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Amidst the backdrop of a wide array of structural developments that have revolutionized the competitive landscape of Indian commercial banking, this paper aims to empirically examine the role of two external monitoring mechanisms – competition and concentration on financial stability and further highlights the significance of bank-level heterogeneity in the nexus.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses the Lerner index, defined through a translog specification, as a measure of market power. A system generalized method of moments technique accounts for the dynamic associations among the competition-concentration-stability nexus. The study further examines the moderating effect of ownership, size and capitalization on the nexus. The study also uses the Boone indicator and comments on the competition-bank stability relationship after controlling for bank governance.

Findings
The findings indicate that banks are less stable in a more competitive and higher concentrated environment. Exploring bank-level heterogeneity, first, the authors report that as competition increases, state-owned banks have greater incentives to undertake risky activities than private and foreign banks, which point to implicit sovereign guarantees that characterize the former. Second, the authors document an adverse influence of competition on the soundness of larger banks consistent with the “too-big-to-fail” assertion. Third, results corroborate the disciplinary role of regulatory capital and lend support to stricter capital norms under Basel III in a more competitive environment.

Originality/value
This paper is perhaps the first to capture competition and concentration in a single model; to reconcile conflicting evidence on competition-risk nexus; to shed light on the joint effect of competition and Basel accords for Indian banks.
Antecedents of absorptive capacity: context of companies' incubators in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Miranda Ana Lucia Brenner Barreto , Nodari Cristine Hermann , Severo Eliana , De Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis research aims at analyzing the antecedents of absorptive capacity (ACAP) in the companies incubated in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this context, 111 incubated companies took part in the research.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used the confirmatory factor analysis and the multiple linear regression to analyze the relationship of the dependent variables (ACAP) with the dependent variables (interaction with other companies, professionals' knowledge (PK), knowledge use (KU) and knowledge acquisition).FindingsThe results highlight that external KU was the construct that most influences the ACAP. Among the dependent variables suggested, only the construct concerning the incubators' PK presented no model significance, which shows that the PK is not an antecedent of ACAP in the incubated companies.Originality/valueThis study is relevant due to pointing out that the incubators may not be providing their professionals with knowledge properly, or that this knowledge is not being accessed by the incubated companies, which allows actions turned to encouraging businesses in this context.
Temperature‐induced compensatory growth in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is regulated by a thermosensitive TRP channel and influences reproductive rate
Authors: Sekajova Zuzana , Rosa Elena , Spagopoulou Foteini , Zervakis Panagiotis‐Ioannis , Lind Martin I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Animals are often not growing at the maximum rate, but can compensate for a bad start of life by subsequently increasing growth rate. While this compensatory growth is widespread, its direct fitness consequences are seldom investigated and its genetic basis is unknown.

We investigated the genetic regulation, as well as fitness and lifespan consequences of compensatory growth in response to temperature, using Caenorhabditis elegans knockout of the thermo‐sensitive TRP ion channel TRPA‐1, involved in temperature recognition. We exposed juvenile worms to cold, favourable (intermediate) or warm temperatures in order to delay or speed up development.

Wild‐type worms initially exposed to cold temperature experienced slower growth but after being switched to a more favourable temperature, they expressed compensatory growth and caught up in size. Those initially reared at warmer temperatures than favourable experienced slower growth and attained smaller adult size after being switched to the most favourable temperature.

Compensatory growth also altered the reproductive schedule. While rate‐sensitive individual fitness decreased by cold juvenile temperatures, as a direct effect of the substantial developmental delay, once worms returned to more favourable temperature, they shifted their reproductive schedule towards early reproduction. Therefore, when focusing on the post‐treatment period, the reproductive rate increased even though lifetime reproductive success was unaffected. Surprisingly, compensatory growth did not reduce adult lifespan. In contrast to the findings for wild‐type worms, juvenile temperature did not induce compensatory or slowed‐down growth in the trpa‐1 knockout mutants.

We thus show that the trpa‐1 is involved in the network regulating temperature‐induced compensatory growth in C. elegans and that this compensatory growth can influence the reproductive rate.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The important role of sponges in carbon and nitrogen cycling in a deep‐sea biological hotspot
Authors: Hanz Ulrike , Riekenberg Philip , de Kluijver Anna , van der Meer Marcel , Middelburg Jack J. , de Goeij Jasper M. , Bart Martijn C. , Wurz Erik , Colaço Ana , Duineveld Gerard C. A. , Reichart Gert‐Jan , Rapp Hans‐Tore , Mienis Furu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Deep‐sea sponge grounds are hotspots of biodiversity, harbouring thriving ecosystems in the otherwise barren deep sea. It remains unknown how these sponge grounds survive in this food‐limited environment.

Here, we unravel how sponges and their associated fauna sustain themselves by identifying their food sources and food‐web interactions using bulk and compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of amino and fatty acids.

We found that sponges with a high microbial abundance had an isotopic composition resembling organisms at the base of the food web, suggesting that they are able to use dissolved resources that are generally inaccessible to animals. In contrast, low microbial abundance sponges had a bulk isotopic composition that resembles a predator at the top of a food web, which appears to be the result of very efficient recycling pathways that are so far unknown. The compound‐specific‐isotope analysis, however, positioned low‐microbial abundance sponges with other filter‐feeding fauna. Furthermore, fatty‐acid analysis confirmed transfer of sponge‐derived organic material to the otherwise food‐limited associated fauna.

Through this subsidy, sponges are key to the sustenance of thriving deep‐sea ecosystems and might have, due to their ubiquitous abundance, a global impact on biogeochemical cycles.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Relapse predictability of topological signature on pretreatment planning CT images of stage I non‐small cell lung cancer patients before treatment with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
Authors: Kodama Takumi , Arimura Hidetaka , Shirakawa Yuko , Ninomiya Kenta , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Shioyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the predictability of topological signatures linked to the locoregional relapse (LRR) and distant metastasis (DM) on pretreatment planning computed tomography images of stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before treatment with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR).MethodsWe divided 125 primary stage I NSCLC patients (LRR: 34, DM: 22) into training (n = 60) and test datasets (n = 65), and the training dataset was augmented to 260 cases using a synthetic minority oversampling technique. The relapse predictabilities of the conventional wavelet‐based features (WF), topology‐based features [BF, Betti number (BN) map features; iBF, inverted BN map features], and their combined features (BWF, iBWF) were compared. The patients were stratified into high‐risk and low‐risk groups using the medians of the radiomics scores in the training dataset.ResultsFor the LRR in the test, the iBF, iBWF, and WF showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), and the highest nLPC was obtained for the iBF. For the DM in the test, the iBWF showed a significant difference and the highest nLPC.ConclusionThe iBF indicated the potential of improving the LRR and DM prediction of stage I NSCLC patients prior to undergoing SABR.
Incorporating historical weather information in crop insurance rating
Authors: Liu Yong , Ramsey A. Ford 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrop insurance programs rely on conditional predictive distributions of loss random variables (e.g., yield, revenue, loss costs, etc.) to determine probabilities and magnitudes of loss. The loss variables may be related to stochastic variables that are not known at the time the policy is priced. Such is the case for weather; weather is stochastic, realizations are not known when the crop insurance policy is sold, and there is often additional historical information on weather relative to the loss variable itself. We provide a Bayesian methodology for incorporating historical weather information in crop insurance rating. We apply the method in empirical applications to county‐level U.S. corn yields and loss cost ratios in the Midwest. The historical weather‐conditioned distributions differ from those based on shorter samples. In the yield distribution setting, additional temporal weather information leads to economic gains relative to other rating approaches; the magnitude of these gains increases with the amount of historical weather information included in the analysis.
The Triglycerides and Glucose Index is not superior to HOMA‐IR in predicting testosterone deficiency among adult males
Authors: Liu Nuozhou , Luo Xinyao , Li Peiyao , Xiong Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone decline and deficiency in males have aroused increased attention in male health management, which might have a close relationship with insulin resistance (IR).ObjectivesWe utilized a novel and practical IR indicator, the triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index, to investigate the association between the TyG index and serum testosterone in US adult males.Materials and methodsThis was a cross‐sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. The TyG index was calculated from fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride, and serum testosterone was measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in NHANES.ResultsA total of 2186 male participants aged more than 20 years old were included, and the mean TyG index was 8.72 ± 0.71. Participants with a higher TyG index showed a lower level of total testosterone (β = −45.83, 95% CI: −58.50, −33.15, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of testosterone deficiency (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.21, p < 0.0001) after we adjusted for all potential cofounders. Males in TyG index tertile 3 had a 113% (95% CI: 1.50, 3.02, p < 0.0001) higher risk of testosterone deficiency than those in tertile 1. Subgroup analysis stratified by diabetes condition indicated that the TyG index might be a good predictor of testosterone decline or deficiency in either people with or without diabetes. However, ROC cure analysis indicated that a larger area under the curve was found in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (0.71, 95% CI: 0.68,0.74) than in the TyG index (0.67, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.70).ConclusionsMales with a higher TyG index tended to have a higher risk of testosterone decline or even testosterone deficiency. However, the predictability of the TyG index for testosterone deficiency was not better than that of HOMA‐IR. More well‐designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.
Chemical composition of early modern and modern window glass from archaeological excavations in Prague‐Hradčany, Czech Republic
Authors: Zlámalová Cílová Zuzana , Blažková Gabriela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA total of 101 fragments of the window rondels and fillings from four waste pits located in Prague‐Hradčany and dating to between 1500 and 1775 were analysed. In the sample set examined, ash‐based glass was found to be the most abundant (93 samples). The analysis also identified five fragments of non‐ash glass, that is, glass probably made with the addition of potash, two samples of sodium ash glass (containing halophytic plant ash used as an alkaline raw material), and one fragment of high‐lime low‐alkali (HLLA) ash‐based glass. The evolution of window glass composition in the Czech Republic is shown to differ in comparison with other European regions where the HLLA‐type predominates.
Differentiating human from non‐human bone fragments through histomorphological assessment of remains from Camposanto cemetery, Italy
Authors: Porto Shanley , Flavel Ambika , Maggio Ariane , Franklin Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen bones are found within archaeological contexts it is important for site interpretation that they are identified by species, or at the very least as human or non‐human. However, key landmarks and characteristics typically used for such an assessment are often destroyed when bones are highly fragmented; thus methods including DNA or histology are amongst the few remaining options. Histological analysis of cortical tissue can be performed to discriminate human from non‐human origin. A set of 40 bone fragments recovered during excavation of the Camposanto cemetery on the island of Lazzaretto Nuovo (Venice, Italy), used to accommodate mass plague deaths from 1468 ce, were histologically determined to be of non‐human origin. Histomorphometric analysis of secondary osteons and Haversian canals, and non‐metric assessment of plexiform, osteonal and non‐plexiform fibrolamellar tissue, were applied to determine the most probable species origin. Discriminant function analysis established by Martiniaková and co‐workers in 2006, was applied, resulting in 36 samples classified as pig and four as cattle. This is consistent with the island’s use as a quarantine station during this period when imported cattle were housed to avoid the spread of disease. These results further enhance the understanding of the Lazzaretto Nuovo site.
Disorders of histone methylation: Molecular basis and clinical syndromes
Authors: Al Ojaimi Mode , Banimortada Bashar J. , Othman Amna , Riedhammer Korbinian M. , Almannai Mohammed , El‐Hattab Ayman W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpigenetic modifications of DNA and histone tails are essential for gene expression regulation. They play an essential role in neurodevelopment as nervous system development is a complex process requiring a dynamic pattern of gene expression. Histone methylation is one of the vital epigenetic regulators and mostly occurs on lysine residues of histones H3 and H4. Histone methylation is catalyzed by two sets of enzymes: histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs). KMT2 enzymes form a distinct multi‐subunit complex known as COMPASS to enhance their catalytic activity and diversify their biologic functions. Several neurodevelopmental syndromes result from defects in histone methylation which can be caused by deficiencies in histone methyltransferases and demethylases, loss of the histone methyltransferase activator TASP1, or derangements in COMPASS formation. In this review article, the molecular mechanism of histone methylation is discussed followed by summarizing clinical syndromes caused by monogenic defects in histone methylation.
Use of DNA image cytometry in conducting oral cancer screening in rural India
Authors: Datta Madhurima , Guillaud Martial , Chaitanya Nallan , NDVN Shyam , Palat Gayatri , Kumari Priya , Rapelli Vineela , Jn Jagannath , Kumari Sanjeeva , Broughton Sandra , Sutcliffe Simon , Laronde Denise M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesOral cancer screening can assist in the early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) and prevention of oral cancers. It can be challenging for clinicians to differentiate OPMLs from benign conditions. Adjunct screening tools such as fluorescence visualisation (FV) and DNA image cytometry (DNA‐ICM) have shown success in identifying OPMLs in high‐risk clinics. For the first time we aimed to assess these technologies in Indian rural settings and evaluate if these tools helped clinicians identify high‐risk lesions during screening.MethodsDental students and residents screened participants in five screening camps held in villages outside of Hyderabad, India, using extraoral, intraoral, and FV examinations. Lesion and normal tissue brushings were collected for DNA‐ICM analysis and cytology.ResultsOf the 1116 participants screened, 184 lesions were observed in 152 participants. Based on white light examination (WLE), 45 lesions were recommended for biopsy. Thirty‐five were completed on site; 25 (71%) were diagnosed with low‐grade dysplasias (17 mild, 8 moderate) and the remaining 10 showed no signs of dysplasia. FV loss was noted in all but one dysplastic lesion and showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Cytology combined with DNA‐ICM had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 86% in detecting dysplasia.ConclusionDNA‐ICM combined with cytology identified the majority of dysplastic lesions and identified additional lesions, which were not considered high‐risk during WLE and biopsy on site. Efforts to follow‐up with these participants are ongoing. FV identified most high‐risk lesions but added limited value over WLE.
Vergleich der fraktionierten laserunterstützten Medikamentengabe und der intraläsionalen Injektion von Triamcinolonacetonid bei Nagelpsoriasis
Authors: Nassar Amany , Atef Hadeel , Eldeeb Fatma , Alakad Rania 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie Behandlung der Nagelpsoriasis ist wegen mangelnder Penetration topischer Therapeutika durch die Nagelplatte häufig unbefriedigend. Daher sind innovative Methoden zur adäquaten Verabreichung des Arzneimittels in den Nagel erforderlich. In dieser Studie vergleichen wir die Wirksamkeit der intraläsionalen Corticosteroid‐Injektion mit topischer Applikation nach fraktionierter CO2‐Laser‐Behandlung bei Fingernagelpsoriasis.Patienten und MethodenIn der Studie wurden 36 Patienten mit Fingernagelpsoriasis in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Bei Gruppe A wurden die Nägel mit intraläsionalen Injektionen von Triamcinolon behandelt, in Gruppe B durch fraktionierte CO2‐Lasertherapie, gefolgt von topischer Applikation des Arzneimittels in sechs Sitzungen. Die Beurteilung erfolgte anhand des NAPSI und eines dermatoskopischen Scores.ErgebnisseBeide Modalitäten führten zu signifikanter Besserung der Psoriasis an Nagelmatrix und Nagelbett. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen bestanden weder klinisch noch dermatoskopisch. Die Laserbehandlung war mit signifikant geringeren Schmerz‐Scores (P = 0,03) und höherer Patientenzufriedenheit (P = 0,007) verbunden.SchlussfolgerungenDie fraktionierte CO2‐Laser‐unterstützte Applikation topischer Steroide könnte eine effektive und gut verträgliche Therapie der Nagelpsoriasis sein, die eine der intraläsionalen Injektion vergleichbare Wirksamkeit hat.