bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting Pseudo Supervision for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive SAR Target Classification
Authors: Zhao Lingjun , He Qishan , Ding Ding , Zhang Siqian , Kuang Gangyao , Liu Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, deep learning has brought significant progress for the problem of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target classification. However, SAR image characteristics are highly sensitive to the change of imaging conditions. The inconsistency of imaging parameters (especially the depression angle) leads to the distribution shift between the training and test data and severely deteriorates the classification performance. To address this problem, in this paper we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation method based on selective pseudo-labelling for SAR target classification. Our method directly trains a deep model using the data from the target domain by generating pseudo labels in the target domain. The key idea is to iteratively select valuable samples from the target domain and optimize the classifier. In each iteration, the breaking ties (BT) criterion is adopted to select the best samples with the highest scores of relative confidence. Besides, to avoid error accumulation in the iterative process, class confusion regularization is used to improve the accuracy of pseudo-labelling. Our method is compared with state-of-the-art methods, including supervised classification and unsupervised domain adaptation methods, over the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better classification performance, especially when the difference of depression angles of the source and target domain images is large. Besides, our method also shows its superiority under limited-sample conditions.
Squeezing Cosmological Phase Transitions with International Pulsar Timing Array
Authors: Wang Deng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A first-order cosmological phase transition (PT) can generate a peak in the power spectrum of stochastic gravitational wave background around nanohertz frequencies.
With the recent International Pulsar Timing Array data release two covering nanohertz frequencies, we search for such a phase transition signal. For the standard 4-parameter PT model, we obtain the PT temperature $T_\star\in$ [66 MeV, 30 GeV], which indicates that dark or QCD phase transitions occurring both below 66 MeV and above 30 GeV have been ruled out at $2\,\sigma$ confidence level. This constraint is much tighter than $T_\star\sim$ [1 MeV, 100 GeV] from NANOGrav.
We give much tighter $2\,\sigma$ bounds on the PT duration $H_\star/\beta>0.1$, strength $\alpha_\star>0.39$ and friction $\eta<2.74$ than NANOGrav. For the first time, we find a positive correlation between $\mathrm{log}_{10}T_\star$ and $\mathrm{log}_{10}H_\star/\beta$ implying that PT temperature increases with increasing bubble nucleation rate.
To avoid large theoretical uncertainties in computing PT spectra, we propose a general model of bubble spectral shape and confront it with data. We find that pulsar timing is very sensitive to the parameter $a$, and give the first clear constraint $a=1.27_{-0.54}^{+0.71}$ at $1\,\sigma$ confidence level.
Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Some Important Potato Viruses in Tokat, Turkey
Authors: Engür Afide Merve , Topkaya Serife 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Potato production is affected by various abiotic and biotic factors such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Viruses are considered the main limiting factor in potato production areas.Methods and Results Leaf samples were collected from potato plants showing signs of viral diseases in five districts of Tokat province in Turkey. To detect the presence of potato viruses, 418 leaf samples were subjected to an RT-PCR test using virus-specific primers. One or more viruses were detected in 220 (52.63%) leaf samples tested. PVY was the most prevalent (47.12%), followed by PVS (16.74%), PVX (5.98%), and PLRV (5.26%). The PVX and PLRV infections were found to be few. The most common multiple infections were PVY+PVS with 6.9% rates. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence analysis of some positive isolates revealed that all Turkish PVS isolates were grouped with the PVSO cluster. Two PVY isolates were clustered with Group PVYN-WI, and one isolates clustered with PVYNNTN isolates in the phylogenetic tree. Regarding nucleotide sequence similarity of the CP region, PVX isolates were divided into two major groups (Group I and Group II). Turkish PVX isolates were grouped within Group I that including isolates referred to as type X. According to phylogenetic analysis of PLRV isolates, Turkish isolates were clustered into two major groups. Six PLRV isolates belong to Group 1 and one isolate was clustered Group 2. Conclusion The results indicate that these viruses were detected at different rates in potato fields. This is the first report about the molecular characterization of PVX and PVS based on CP sequences in Turkey. These reports will provide a base for further research on the phylogenetic features of the above-mentioned viruses, including the effect.
Association between having meals not home prepared and stomach or intestinal illness: findings from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Wei Linna , Ma Lexin , Zou Xiangyi , Wang Xin , He Jinshen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With food industry developing so fast around the world and food delivery becomes popular among young adults, people today tend to have meals that are not prepared at home. However, it reminds people to rethink about their body health especially gastric health. In this case, we decided to find out the association between the frequency of having meals not home prepared and the risk of having stomach or intestinal illness. We assumed that people who had meals away from home would be more likely to suffer from gastric diseases. 19,293 adults over twenty years old participated in diet and health questionnaires according to NHANES database from 2011 to 2018. Multivariable regression was used to measure the association between the frequency of having meals out and the risk of having gastric diseases by using Empower Stats. According to the p values and odds ratio values given by Empower Stats, no significant association between the exposure variable and the outcome variable was found. Thus, we drew a conclusion that there was no association between the frequency of eating out and the risk of having gastric diseases.
Space-frequency-polarization-division multiplexed wireless communication system using anisotropic space-time-coding digital metasurface
Authors: Ke Jun Chen , Chen Xiangyu , Tang Wankai , Chen Ming Zheng , Zhang Lei , Wang Li , Dai Jun Yan , Yang Jin , Zhang Jun Wei , Wu Lijie , Cheng Qiang , Jin Shi , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the past years, wireless communications based on digital coding metasurfaces have gained research interests owing to the simplified architectures and low costs. However, in most of the metasurface-based wireless systems, single-polarization scenario is used, limiting the channel capacities. To solve the problem, multiplexing methods have been adopted, but the system complexity is inevitably increased. Here, a space-frequency-polarization-division multiplexed wireless communication system is proposed using an anisotropic space-time-coding (STC) digital metasurface. By separately designing time-varying control voltage sequences for differently oriented varactor diodes integrated on the metasurface, we achieve frequency-polarization-division multiplexed modulations. By further introducing different time-delay gradients to the control voltage sequences in two polarization directions, we successfully obtain space-frequency-polarization-division multiplexed modulations to realize new-architecture wireless communication system. The new communication system is designed with compact dual-polarized meta-elements, and can improve the channel capacity and space utilization. Experimental results demonstrate high-performance and real-time transmission capability of the proposed communication system, confirming the potential applications in multiple-user collaborative wireless communications.
Awareness and Prevalence of Stress Induced Oral Ulcers Among Clinical Medical and Dental Students in University of Benin
Authors: OKOH MERCY , NWOKOLO CHRISTOPHER OLUCHI 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Awareness of clinical medical and dental students towards stress induced oral ulcer, to determine the most prevalent stress induced oral ulcers among the study population, and the relationship between perceived stress level and prevalence of stress induced oral ulcerMaterials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, involving clinical Medical and Dental students in College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin. Participants were in their 400, 500, and 600 levels respectively with a sample size of 226 calculated using the Cochran formula for sample size determination. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and twenty-six respondents were interviewed in this survey. The age of the participants varied from 21-30 years, with mean age of 25.5%. Majority of the respondents (66.4%) were aware of stress induced oral ulcer. The prevalence of stress induced oral ulcer in this study was 12.8% with recurrent aphthous ulcers accounting for a prevalence of 35.5% of all stress induced oral ulcers. Conclusions: Findings from this study shows about 66.4% of clinical Medical and Dental students were aware of stress induced oral ulcer. The prevalence of stress induced oral ulcer in this study was 12.8% and was seen more in males than females, with recurrent aphthous ulcer been the most prevalent stress induced oral ulcer among the study population with a prevalence of about 35.5%.Clinical Relevance: This study shows the need for inclusion of stress induced ulcerative conditions into the Medical and Dental curriculum as this will help improve the management and treatment outcomes.
Limited Neutralization of Omicron by Antibodies from the BNT162b2 Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lanz Tobias V. , Brewer R. Camille , Jahanbani Shaghayegh , Robinson William H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since early December 2021, the omicron variant has posed additional challenges to the world-wide management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Immune evasion is a key factor for its increased transmissibility. While serological studies have measured levels of neutralizing antibodies in response to vaccines, our understanding of the humoral immune response to omicron on a single-antibody level is limited. Here, we characterize a set of BNT162b2 vaccine-derived antibodies for neutralization of omicron pseudovirus. We show that approximately 50% of neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies cross-neutralize omicron, albeit with lower potency than the original Wuhan-Hu1 strain. All investigated neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies cross-neutralize omicron, however all of them are less potent than anti-RBD antibodies. While additional booster immunizations of the current vaccine generate increased antibody levels and better protection, we anticipate that the second generation of vaccines will yield more high-affinity antibodies against omicron.
Disruption of mstn Gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Yan Mengzhen , Li Bijun , Wang Jiaying , Bai Yulin , Ke Qiaozhen , Zhou Tao , Xu Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) plays an economically vital role in the marine aquaculture in China. Suffering from infection of bacteria and protozoon, effect of extreme weather and stress from high density farming, genome editing is thought to be an important tool applied to L. croea for enhancing commercial traits such as growth rate, disease resistance and nutrition component. In this study, we identified two mstn genes in L. croea and investigated the different phylogenetic clades, gene structures, and conserved syntenic relationships. To obtain fast-growing large yellow croaker, we specially selected two validated targets for mstnb knockout, which was homologous to mammalian myostatin gene (MSTN) and down-regulated skeletal muscle growth and development. Five significant mutation types were generated in two mosaic mutants by transferring specific CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs (ribonucleoprotein) into the one-cell fertilized embryos based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Subsequently, we also elucidated the obstacles and possible measures to improve the success rate of inducing modified large yellow croaker. Our results would provide valuable method and reference for facilitating genome editing programs of the large yellow croaker in the future.
PDE12 in COVID-19 and in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tekin Hasim , Josefsen Knud , Krogvold Lars , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Gerling Ivan , Pociot Flemming , Buschard Karsten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is increased after COVID-19 infection in children under 18 years of age. Interferon-α-activated oligoadenylate synthetase and downstream RNAseL activation degrade pathogen RNA, but can also damage host RNA when RNAseL activity is poorly regulated. One such regulator is PDE12 which degrades 2′-5′ oligoadenylate units, thereby decreasing RNAseL activity. We analyzed PDE12 expression in islets from healthy control subjects, individuals with newly (median disease duration 35 days) and recently (5 years) diagnosed T1D, and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also analyzed PDE12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relative to T1D incidence. PDE12 expression was decreased in individuals with recently diagnosed T1D, in three of five individuals with newly diagnosed T1D, but not in individuals with T2D. Two rare PDE12 SNPs were found to have odds ratios of 1.80 and 1.74 for T1D development. Decreased PDE12 expression after COVID-19 infection may explain the up to 2.5-fold increase in T1D incidence.
A standardised pre-clinical in-vitro blood-brain barrier mouse assay validates endocytosis dependent antibody transcytosis using transferrin receptor-mediated pathways
Authors: Morrison Jamie I. , Petrovic Alex , Metzendorf Nicole G. , Rofo Fadi , Yilmaz Canan U. , Stenler Sofia , Laudon Hanna , Hultqvist Greta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) creates a nigh on impenetrable obstacle for large macromolecular therapeutics that need to be delivered to the brain milieu to treat neurological disorders. To overcome this, one of the strategies used is to bypass the barrier with what is referred to as a “Trojan Horse” strategy, where therapeutics are designed to use endogenous receptor-mediated pathways to piggyback their way through the BBB. Even though in vivo methodologies are commonly used to test the efficacy of BBB penetrating biologics, comparable in vitro BBB models are in high demand, as they benefit from being an isolated cellular system devoid of physiological factors that can on occasion mask the processes behind BBB transport via transcytosis. We have developed an in vitro BBB model (In-Cell BBB-Trans assay) that helps delineate the ability of modified large bivalent IgG antibodies, conjugated to the transferrin-receptor binder scFv8D3, to cross an endothelial monolayer grown on transwell inserts. Following the administrating of bivalent antibodies to the endothelial monolayer, a highly sensitive ELISA method is used to determine the concentration in the apical (blood) and basolateral (brain) chambers of the transwell system, allowing for the evaluation of apical recycling and basolateral transcytosis respectively. Our results show that antibodies conjugated to scFv8D3 transcytose at considerably higher levels compared to unconjugated antibodies in the In-Cell BBB-Trans assay. Interestingly, we are able to show that these results mimic in vivo brain uptake studies using identical antibodies. In addition, we are able to transversely section transwell cultured cells, allowing for the identification of biomarkers pertinent to transcytosis of the antibodies. Furthermore, studies using the In-Cell BBB-Trans assay revealed transcytosis of the transferrin-receptor targeting antibodies is dependent on endocytosis. In conclusion, we have designed a simple, reproducible In-Cell BBB-Trans assay that can be used to rapidly determine the BBB penetrating capabilities of transferrin-receptor targeting antibodies. We believe the In-Cell BBB-Trans assay can be used as a powerful, pre-clinical screening platform for therapeutic neurological pathologies.
Post-stroke respiratory complications using machine learning with voice features from mobile devices
Authors: Park Hae-Yeon , Park DoGyeom , Kang Hye Seon , Kim HyunBum , Lee Seungchul , Im Sun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Abnormal voice may identify those at risk of post-stroke aspiration. This study was aimed to determine whether machine learning algorithms with voice recorded via a mobile device can accurately classify those at risk of tube feeding and post-stroke aspiration pneumonia and be used as digital biomarkers. Methods Voice samples from patients referred for swallowing disturbance in a university-affiliated hospital were collected prospectively using a mobile device. Subjects that required tube feeding were further classified to high risk of respiratory complication, based on the voluntary cough strength and abnormal chest x-ray images.Results A total of 449 samples were obtained, with 234 requiring tube feeding and 113 showing high risk of respiratory complications. The eXtreme gradient boosting multimodal models that included abnormal acoustic features and clinical variables showed high sensitivity levels of 88.7% (95% CI, 82.6–94.7) and 84.5% (95% CI, 76.9–92.1) in the classification of those at risk of tube feeding and at high risk of respiratory complications; respectively. In both cases, voice features proved to be the strongest contributing factors in these models.Conclusions Voice features may be considered as a viable digital biomarker in those at risk of respiratory complications related to post-stroke swallowing disturbance.
The effects of opioid policy changes on transitions from prescription opioids to heroin, fentanyl and injection drug use: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Dickson-Gomez Julia , Krechel Sarah , Spector Antoinette , Weeks Margaret , Ohlrich Jessica , Green Danielle , Li Jianghong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Beginning in the 1990s, non-medical use of prescription opioids (POs) became a major public health crisis. In response to rising rates of opioid dependence and fatal poisonings, measures were instituted to decrease the prescription, diversion, and misuse of POs including prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), closing “pill mills” (unethical doctors or clinics that knowingly dispensed large amounts of pain medications knowing these medications were being misused and diverted) , disciplining doctors who prescribed an excessive number of POs, and the advent of abuse deterrent formulations of POs. Methods: We conducted in-depth-interviews with people who use prescription opioids, fentanyl or heroin from a rural, urban and suburban area in three states, Connecticut, Kentucky and Wisconsin. Interviews with PWUO focused on how they initiated their opioid use and any transitions they made from prescription opioid use to heroin, fentanyl or injection drug use. Results: The majority of participants reported initiating use with prescription opioids, which they used for medical or nonmedical purposes. They described needing to take more POs or switched to heroin or fentanyl increased. As more policies were passed to limit opioid prescription, participants noticed that doctors were less likely to prescribe or refill prescription opioids. This led to scarcity of POs on the street which accelerated the switch to heroin or fentanyl. These transitions increased risk of overdose and HIV/HCV infection.Conclusions: A careful analysis of how and why people say they transitioned from PO to heroin or fentanyl reveals many unintended harms of policy changes to prevent overprescribing and diversion. They also reveal ways we can mitigate harms that have already occurred and treat people who use opioids with compassion and respect, not stigma and punishment.
A medullary hub for controlling REM sleep and pontine waves
Authors: Schott Amanda , Baik Justin , Chung Shinjae , Weber Franz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is a distinct behavioral state associated with vivid dreaming and memory processing. Phasic bursts of electrical activity, measurable as spike-like pontine (P)-waves, are a hallmark of REM sleep implicated in memory consolidation. However, the brainstem circuits regulating P-waves, and their interactions with circuits generating REM sleep, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that an excitatory population of dorsomedial medulla (dmM) neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) regulates both REM sleep and P-waves. Calcium imaging showed that dmM CRH neurons are selectively activated during REM sleep and recruited during P-waves, and opto- and chemogenetic experiments revealed that this population promotes REM sleep. Chemogenetic manipulation also induced prolonged changes in P-wave frequency, while brief optogenetic activation reliably triggered P-waves along with transiently accelerated theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Together, these findings anatomically and functionally delineate a common medullary hub for the regulation of both REM sleep and P-waves.
Suicide attempt-related emergency department visits among adolescents: a nationwide population-based study in Korea, 2016–2019
Authors: Lee Kyung-Shin , Lim Daesung , Paik Jong-Woo , Choi Youn Young , Jeon Jaehyun , Sung Ho Kyung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of adolescent suicide in Korea is increasing; however, nationwide data regarding short-term prediction of suicide attempts (SAs) is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of SA-related annual emergency department (ED) visits among adolescents in Korea from 2016 to 2019 and to summarize the corresponding demographic and clinical characteristics based on the dispositions of SA-related ED visits.MethodsMost referral hospitals provide relevant essential ED information to the National Emergency Medical Center through the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS). We analyzed NEDIS data on adolescent visits (aged <20 years) for a 4-year period from 2016 to 2019. Patients were classified into the discharge and hospitalization groups for comparison, and jointpoint regression analysis was used to identify the years in which there was a change in annual percentage change (APC) in age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of SA-related ED visits. The characteristics of patients in the discharge group and hospitalization group subgroups were also compared.ResultsThe APC in the incidence rate of SA-related ED visits in the 4-year study period revealed a 35.61% increase. The incidence rate increase was higher among females (APC: 46.26%) than among males (APC: 17.95%). Moreover, the incidence rate increased faster in mid-adolescence patients (APC: 51.12%) than in late-adolescence patients (APC: 26.98%). The proportion of poisoning as the SA method was 69.7% in the hospitalization group and 34.5% in the discharge group (p < 0.001).DiscussionOur findings suggest that an increase in the number of SA-related ED visits among female and mid-adolescent patients represented the largest increase in SA-related ED visits from 2016 to 2019. Accordingly, evidence-based suicide prevention programs need to be customized based on sex and age, and further diversification of health care systems is needed through analysis of the characteristics of the dispositions of SA-related ED visits.