bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of Radix Isatidis polysaccharide ameliorates obesity via promotion AMPK pathway in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats and 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells
Authors: Yuan Ye , Wang Dong-Ni , Zhang Wen-You , Sun Ting-Ting , Feng Yi-Ting , Liu Mo-Xiang , Li Ji-Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effect and mechanism of Radix Isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) on obesity.

Methods
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats and the MDI-induced 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells were established to evaluate the ameliorated obesity effect and mechanism from RIP.

Key findings
Experiments in vivo show that oral administration of RIP has significant preventive effects on HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. With treatment of RIP (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BW), the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte cell size, serum lipid levels and antioxidant enzyme activity were progressively improved. On the other hand, the treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with RIP (25, 50 and 100 mg/L) led to a decrease in lipid accumulation and glucose consumption. In addition, during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, RIP remarkably down-regulated mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, after RIP treatment, the protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA synthetase-1 (AceCS1) were significantly decreased and the expression of p-AMPK was increased.

Conclusion
These results highlight the potential of RIP for obesity interventions and suggest that RIP inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis by activating adenosine 5ʹ-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway and down-regulating the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ, C/EBPα, etc.
Polysaccharides of Grifola frondosa ameliorate oxidative stress and hypercholesterolaemia in hamsters fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Wu Wen-Tzu , Hsu Tai-Hao , Chen Woan-Ling , Yang Chueh-Ko , Lo Hui-Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-hypercholesterolaemia activities of Grifola frondosa in hamsters fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet.

Methods
G. frondosa, including fruiting bodies (FGF), fermented mycelia (MGF) and polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies (FPS), fermented mycelia (MIP) and fermented broth (BEP) were received intragastrically. Lipid profile and antioxidant status in the blood and liver of hamsters were assessed.

Key findings
FGF decreased weight gain, serum triglycerides and cholesterol and increased hepatic mRNA expression of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase expression. FGF, MGF, FPS and MIP decreased the HFHC diet-increased area under the curve (AUC) of serum cholesterol. FGF and FPS further decreased AUC of serum triglycerides. When evaluating the redox status of erythrocytes, FPS and MIP increased non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups, reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity and FPS further increased GSH peroxidase activity. In the liver, MGF increased NP-SH groups and GSH and decreased triglycerides content. FPS, MIP and BEP decreased oxidized GSH and triglycerides content. Moreover, all treatments alleviated HFHC diet-increased LDL oxidation.

Conclusions
Fruiting bodies of G. frondosa may improve hypercholesterolaemia via increased bile acid synthesis. Additionally, fermented biomass and polysaccharides of G. frondosa may have the potential to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation.
Evaluation of the detection accuracy of set-up for various treatment sites using surface-guided radiotherapy system, VOXELAN: a phantom study
Authors: Saito Masahide , Ueda Koji , Suzuki Hidekazu , Komiyama Takafumi , Marino Kan , Aoki Shinichi , Sano Naoki , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the detection accuracy of a 3-dimensional (3D) body scanner, VOXELAN, in surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) of each part of the human body using a whole-body human phantom. We used A Resusci Anne was used as the whole-body phantom. The detection accuracy of VOXELAN in a radiotherapy treatment room with a linear accelerator (LINAC) was evaluated for two reference images: reconstruction of the planning computed tomography (CT) image (CT reference) and scanning by VOXELAN before the treatment (scan reference). The accuracy of the translational and rotational directions was verified for four treatment sites (open face shell, breast, abdomen, and arm), using the magnitude of the 6D robotic couch movement as the true value. Our results showed that the detection accuracy improved as the displacement from the reference position decreased for all the sites. Using the scan reference, the average accuracy of the translational and rotational axes was within 1.44 mm and 0.41°, respectively, for all sites except the arms. Similarly, using the CT reference, the average accuracy was within 2.45 mm and 1.35°, respectively. Additionally, it was difficult for both reference images to recognize misalignment of the arms. In conclusion we discovered that VOXELAN achieved a high detection accuracy for the head with an open face shell, chest, and abdomen, indicating that the system is useful in a clinical setting. However, it is necessary to pay attention to location matching for areas with few features, such as surface irregularities and potential errors, when the reference image is created from CT.
Interaction of curcumin with glioblastoma cells via high and low linear energy transfer radiation therapy inducing radiosensitization effects
Authors: Kim Jeong-Yub , Jung Chan-Woong , Lee Won Seok , Kim Hee-Jin , Jeong Hyeon-Jeong , Park Myung-Jin , Jang Won Il , Kim Eun Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma is a deadly cancer tumor in the brain and has a survival rate of about 15 months. Despite the high mortality rate, temozolomide has proven to increase the survival rate of patients when combined with radiotherapy. However, its effects may be limited because some patients develop therapeutic resistance. Curcumin has proven to be a cancer treatment due to its broad anticancer spectrum, high efficiency and low toxic level. Additionally, curcumin significantly enhanced radiation efficacy under high and low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation conditions in vitro. In combination with radiation, curcumin increased the cell population in the sub-G1 phase and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, ultimately increasing GBM cellular apoptosis. The radiosensitizing effects of curcumin are much higher in neutron (high LET)-irradiated cell lines than in γ (low LET)-irradiated cell lines. Curcumin plus neutron combination significantly inhibited cell invasion compared with that of single treatment or curcumin combined γ-ray treatment. Curcumin enhances the radiosensitivity of Glioblastoma (GBM), suggesting it may have clinical utility in combination cancer treatment with neutron high-LET radiation.
Combining radiation with PI3K isoform-selective inhibitor administration increases radiosensitivity and suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Seol Mi Youn , Choi Seo Hee , Yoon Hong In 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant lung tumor with a dismal prognosis. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is common in many tumor types including NSCLC, which results in radioresistance and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Although pan-PI3K inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials to overcome radioresistance, concerns regarding their excessive side effects led to the consideration of selective inhibition of PI3K isoforms. In this study, we assessed whether combining radiation with the administration of the PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors reduces radioresistance and tumor growth in NSCLC. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway enhanced radiosensitivity substantially, and PI3K-α inhibitor showed superior radiosensitizing effect similar to PI3K pan-inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, a significant increase in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and a decrease in migration ability were observed. Our study revealed that combining radiation and the PI3K-α isoform improved radiosensitivity that resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth and improved survival rate.
The Limits of Primordial Affinity to Ethnic Trust: The Social Origins of Ethnic Trust among North Korean Refugees in London
Authors: Shin Hwajin , Yoon In-Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe creation of trusting relationships with coethnics is identified as a step towards refugee integration. However, coethnic trust has been considered primordial, and empirical explorations on restoring refugees’ capacities to trust their coethnics have remained limited. This study addresses the gap by considering in-group trust decisions as a situational product shaped by contextual conditions using social network data on North Korean refugees settled in London. The network analyses test the effects of contextual arrangements, while accounting for network-level covariates affecting trust decisions. Findings demonstrate that social conditions within the host country support the emergence of trust ties despite the unfavourable pre-migration experiences of refugees. More specifically, a sense of belonging in the host society and placing trust in host government are associated with trusting impulse towards coethnics. The implications from the findings suggest that features of the post-migration environment signal trustworthiness of interactional partners, including coethnics.
Rapidly developed heterotopic ossification: a rare complication after trauma
Authors: Lee Jae H T , Balasooriya Janaka , Ncube Thembekile 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a condition where aberrant bone grows in tissues. This case study presents a rare complication of trauma and laparotomies, where the rapid and extensive occurrence of HO has delayed abdominal incision closure resulting in multiple surgeries and prolonged recovery. A 44-year-old man was retrieved after a truck accident resulting in multi-organ injuries. He required damage control trauma laparotomy followed by several relooks and multiple orthopaedic procedures. Despite several attempts, approximation of the laparostomy wound was not possible due to abdominal rigidity. Computed tomography scans done 20 days after injury demonstrated advanced HO over the wound edge. Early development of HO may explain why the abdominal incision was difficult to close and highlights the importance of being aware of HO as an early complication after trauma and midline laparotomy.
Colocolonic intussusception of a colostomy after colonoscopy
Authors: Luciano Emmanuel , Marar Omar , Cocco Maxwell 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The incidence of complications after colonoscopy is low and has been reported to range of 0.01–0.9%. Of these complications, colocolonic intussusception after colonoscopy is exceedingly rare, with around 12 known cases described in the literature. This case report details the presentation and operative management of a patient who developed an ischemic stoma due to a colocolonic intussusception of an end colostomy after a colonoscopy. Intraoperative surgical exploration revealed a colocolonic intussusception involving the end colostomy. This is the first known documented occurrence of this phenomenon.
A rare presentation of delayed traumatic lumbar hernia after motor vehicle collision
Authors: Nguyen Richard B , Trivedi Aakash A , Yang James Y , Anand Aakash A , Zuberi Jamshed , Rebein Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is defined as protrusion of bowel or an abdominal organ through a disruption of musculature and fascia following a severe blunt trauma. We report a case of a patient who had a delayed presentation of a traumatic, superiorly located paralumbar hernia months after the initial admission.
An Overlooked Definition of the Ethpeel of the Verb in Syriac
Authors: Lund Jerome A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Ethpeel of the verb normally functions as the passive of the Aphel in the language of the Peshitta Old Testament and means ‘be delivered up, handed over to’ and the like. It is therefore not strange that translators of Isaiah and Psalms in the Antioch Bible have rendered it accordingly, even within contexts where it would be awkward to do so. This article will argue that the Ethpeel of has another meaning, overlooked by the lexicographers of Syriac, one that is related to the Peal. In some contexts, it will be argued, the Ethpeel of means ‘be like, similar to’.
Energy justice in Japan’s energy transition: pillars of just 2050 carbon neutrality
Authors: Sokołowski Maciej M , Kurokawa Satoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Energy justice is a topic that is currently being explored by energy law experts around the world and used across several academic fields in energy research. However, we note that this concept is quite novel in Japan (there have been no substantial publications published in either English or Japanese) and could be expanded. This is especially important in light of Japan’s aspirations to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and implement a just energy transition. In this context, the article’s goal is to present the energy justice theory in a legal (energy law) and policy (climate-energy policy) framework in Japan. The article discusses the five basic types of justice, referring to Japanese energy legislation and climate-energy policy as examples. The analysis includes an assessment of the carbon neutrality pillars (seen through the prism of energy justice theory), aimed at supporting Japan in meeting its climate targets, and directions related to the use of renewable, conventional and nuclear energy sources requiring examination in terms of energy justice (due to failures of energy policy, such as lack of stakeholder recognition, local conflicts, NIMBY, etc.). Furthermore, the article demonstrates the improvements required in the legal and policy frameworks in Japan to make the application of human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals across the energy life-cycle effective. This will also include an examination of potential legal and organisational changes, and new structures and appointments in the Japanese administration.
Physiological and genetic control of transpiration efficiency in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud
Authors: Affortit Pablo , Effa-Effa Branly , Ndoye Mame Sokhatil , Moukouanga Daniel , Luchaire Nathalie , Cabrera-Bosquet Llorenç , Perálvarez Maricarmen , Pilloni Raphaël , Welcker Claude , Champion Antony , Gantet Pascal , Diedhiou Abdala Gamby , Manneh Baboucarr , Aroca Ricardo , Vadez Vincent , Laplaze Laurent , Cubry Philippe , Grondin Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Improving crop water use efficiency, the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass per unit of water used by a plant, is of major importance as water for agriculture becomes scarcer. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand remain unknown. These traits were measured in 2019 in a panel of 147 African rice (Oryza glaberrima) genotypes known to be potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly contrasted genotypes in terms of biomass accumulation and transpiration confirmed these associations and suggested that root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency, and its residuals, with links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root–shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.
Observant Feminism Across Borders: The Transnational Origins of Partnership Minyanim
Authors: Ash Ellie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive account of the emergence of partnership minyanim at the beginning of the twenty-first century as a new social and liturgical phenomenon in contemporary Judaism. Partnership minyanim are lay-led congregations that came out of Orthodox networks; they separate the sexes similarly to an Orthodox congregation, but also adopt feminist practices that challenge Orthodox norms. In this article I explain how a milieu of observant, mostly Orthodox Jews, influenced by Jewish feminist developments, provided fertile ground for liturgical innovations. This milieu occurred in both Jerusalem and New York, and transnational communication and migration between the two national contexts was crucial to the invention of the new model. Specifically, Jewish feminism that came from the United States shaped the desire to include women in synagogue activity and prompted halachic conversations that taught founders what kinds of participation were acceptable, while the religious ecology of Israel provided the right kind of pressure for developing a new combination of ritual gender roles. The dense interaction between the two national contexts was necessary for the emergence of partnership minyanim, showing that transnational networks result in religious creativity that is more than the sum of their parts.
Modernization and Identity Among Iraqi Jews from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Mid-Twentieth Century
Authors: Gat Moshe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The life of the Jewish community in Iraq may be divided into three periods serving as a framework for its identity and the modernization processes it has undergone: The precolonial period, during which Jews lived under the Ottoman Empire's Muslim rule; the colonial period, or Mandatory Iraq under British rule, which lasted a mere ten years between 1922 and 1932; and the period during which Iraq became an independent state from 1932 onwards—a period which led to the liquidation of the Jewish community, most members of which had immigrated to Israel between 1951 and 1952. The present article aims to examine the issues of the community’s national religious identity considering the modernization processes. Was this distinctiveness put to the test over the various periods of time? Did Jews consider divorcing from their religious heritage or identity? Did they experience “slavery within liberty,” to use the phrase coined by Ahad Ha’am? A further question is that of their identity upon immigrating to Israel in the early 1950s.
Elucidating the clinical, microbiological and molecular diagnostic aspects of Macrophomina phaseolina keratitis
Authors: Ahirwar Lalit Kishore , Sheba Esther , Jakati Saumya , Jayasudha Rajagopalaboopathi , Padakandla Shalem Raj , Bagga Bhupesh , Sharma Savitri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This study reports the clinico-microbiological features of Macrophomina phaseolina keratitis. Clinically diagnosed as microbial keratitis, six patients underwent microbiological evaluation. Fungal culture isolates from cornea were subjected to DNA sequencing of the ITS region, phylogenetic analysis and reconfirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of six antifungal drugs were determined by microbroth dilution method against the six isolates. All patients were treated with antifungals. Failed medical therapy necessitated therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK). Corneal buttons were processed for histopathology. In all patients, the corneal scraping showed septate hyaline fungal filaments. The BLAST analysis for ITS sequences of all six fungal isolates suggested M. phaseolina, however, when limited to sequences from type material, they matched M. pseudophaseolina. Phylogenetic analysis could not differentiate between these two species and clustered in a single clade. PCR assay of specific gene sequence [MpCal (calmodulin)] reconfirmed all isolates as M. phaseolina. The MICs of voriconazole and posaconazole were lowest (0.03 to 2 and 0.1 to 2 µg/ml respectively) and all isolates were susceptible to natamycin. Except for case 1, which healed with a scar on treatment, all other cases worsened, despite medical treatment, necessitating TPK. Histopathology of three out of four buttons showed the presence of fungal filaments. While direct microscopic examination of corneal scrapings is helpful in diagnosis, identification of M. phaseolina in culture is challenging. Although MICs of commonly used antifungals are low, response to medical therapy is not encouraging; patients may require TPK for resolution of infection in M. phaseolina keratitis.

Lay Summary
DNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and specific PCR confirmed Macrophomina phaseolina keratitis in six patients. Although antifungal susceptibility showed the organisms to be susceptible to natamycin five patients did not respond to treatment and needed keratoplasty.
Improved treatments of the ionizing photon mean free path in seminumerical simulations of reionization
Authors: Davies Frederick B , Furlanetto Steven R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Efficient and accurate simulations of the reionization epoch are crucial to exploring the vast uncharted parameter space that will soon be constrained by measurements of the 21-cm power spectrum. One of these parameters, Rmax, is meant to characterize the absorption of photons by residual neutral gas inside of ionized regions, but has historically been implemented in a very simplistic fashion acting only as a maximum distance that ionizing photons can travel. We leverage the correspondence between excursion set methods and the integrated flux from ionizing sources to define two physically motivated prescriptions of the mean free path (MFP) of ionizing photons that smoothly attenuate the contribution from distant sources. Implementation of these methods in seminumerical reionization codes requires only modest additional computational effort due to the fact that spatial filtering is still performed on scales larger than the characteristic absorption distance. We find that our smoothly defined MFP prescriptions more effectively suppress large-scale structures in the ionization field in seminumerical reionization simulations compared to the standard Rmax approach, and the magnitude of the MFP modulates the power spectrum in a much smoother manner. We show that this suppression of large-scale power is significant enough to be relevant for upcoming 21-cm power spectrum observations. Finally, we show that in our model, the MFP plays a larger role in regulating the reionization history than in models using Rmax.