bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in standardised first few X cases and household transmission investigations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lewis Hannah C. , Marcato Adrian J. , Meagher Niamh , Valenciano Marta , Villanueva‐Cabezas Juan‐Pablo , Spirkoska Violeta , Fielding James E. , Karahalios Amalia , Subissi Lorenzo , Nardone Anthony , Cheng Brianna , Rajatonirina Soatiana , Okeibunor Joseph , Aly Eman A. , Barakat Amal , Jorgensen Pernille , Azim Tasnim , Wijesinghe Pushpa R. , Le Linh‐Vi , Rodriguez Angel , Vicari Andrea , Van Kerkhove Maria D. , McVernon Jodie , Pebody Richard , Price David J. , Bergeri Isabel ,   and the Unity Studies Collaborator Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to estimate the household secondary infection attack rate (hSAR) of SARS‐CoV‐2 in investigations aligned with the WHO Unity Studies Household Transmission Investigations (HHTI) protocol. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and medRxiv/bioRxiv for “Unity‐aligned” First Few X cases (FFX) and HHTIs published 1 December 2019 to 26 July 2021. Standardised early results were shared by WHO Unity Studies collaborators (to 1 October 2021). We used a bespoke tool to assess investigation methodological quality. Values for hSAR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated from crude data. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting overlap of CIs on forest plots and quantified in meta‐analyses. Of 9988 records retrieved, 80 articles (64 from databases; 16 provided by Unity Studies collaborators) were retained in the systematic review; 62 were included in the primary meta‐analysis. hSAR point estimates ranged from 2% to 90% (95% prediction interval: 3%–71%; I2 = 99.7%); I2 values remained >99% in subgroup analyses, indicating high, unexplained heterogeneity and leading to a decision not to report pooled hSAR estimates. FFX and HHTI remain critical epidemiological tools for early and ongoing characterisation of novel infectious pathogens. The large, unexplained variance in hSAR estimates emphasises the need to further support standardisation in planning, conduct and analysis, and for clear and comprehensive reporting of FFX and HHTIs in time and place, to guide evidence‐based pandemic preparedness and response efforts for SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza and future novel respiratory viruses.
Intergenerational effects of the Fast Track intervention on the home environment: A randomized control trial
Authors: Rothenberg William Andrew , Lansford Jennifer E. , Godwin Jennifer W. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Copeland William E. , Odgers Candice L. , McMahon Robert J. , Goulter Natalie ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMaladaptive family environments harm child development and are passed across generations. Childhood interventions may break this intergenerational cycle by improving the family environments children form as adults. The present study investigates this hypothesis by examining follow‐up data collected 18 years after the end of the childhood Fast Track intervention designed to prevent externalizing problems.MethodsWe examined whether Fast Track assignment from grades 1 to 10 prevented the emergence of maladaptive family environments at age 34. A total of 400 (n = 206 in intervention condition, n = 194 controls) Fast Track participants who were parents at age 34 were surveyed about 11 aspects of their current family environment. The hypotheses and analytic plan were preregistered at https://osf.io/dz9t5 and the Fast Track trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01653535).ResultsMultiple group linear regression models revealed that mothers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children had lower depression symptoms, alcohol problems, drug problems, corporal punishment use, and food insecurity compared to control group mothers. All effects were modest in magnitude. However, for these same mothers, the Fast Track intervention had no effect on cannabis problems, experiences of romantic partner violence, or maternal use of physical aggression or warmth with their children. Additionally, mothers in the Fast Track intervention group reported higher levels of family chaos than those in the control group, but this effect may be a byproduct of the higher number of children per household in the intervention group. No intervention effects were found for fathers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children.ConclusionsChildhood assignment to Fast Track has some beneficial effects for girls, but not boys, on the family environments these individuals formed as adults 18 years later.
Coinfection patterns of two marine apicomplexans are not associated with genetic diversity of their polychaete host
Authors: Hiillos Anna‐Lotta , Rony Irin , Rueckert Sonja , Knott K. Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoinfections of two or more parasites within one host are more of a rule than an exception in nature. Interactions between coinfecting parasites can greatly affect their abundance and prevalence. Characteristics of the host, such as genetic diversity, can also affect the infection dynamics of coinfecting parasites. Here, we investigate for the first time the association of coinfection patterns of two marine apicomplexans,Rhytidocystissp. andSelenidium pygospionis, with the genetic diversity of their host, the polychaetePygospio elegans, from natural populations. Host genetic diversity was determined with seven microsatellite loci and summarized as allelic richness, inbreeding coefficient, and individual heterozygosity. We detected nonsignificant correlations between infection loads and both individual host heterozygosity and population genetic diversity. Prevalence and infection load ofRhytidocystissp. were higher than those ofS. pygospionis,and both varied spatially. Coinfections were common, and almost all hosts infected byS. pygospioniswere also infected byRhytidocystissp.Rhytidocystissp. infection load was significantly higher in dual infections. Our results suggest that factors other than host genetic diversity might be more important in marine apicomplexan infection patterns and experimental approaches would be needed to further determine how interactions between the apicomplexans and their host influence infection.
A Novel multi‐fruit acids formula design on molecular basis for skin brightening via a system biology approach
Authors: Guo Jiahong , Ma Xiaoyu , Bouffard Fernando , Zhang Sophia Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFruit acids have long been recognized as highly effective actives with world‐wide popularity, covering skin peeling, anti‐acne, anti‐wrinkle applications, and skin depigmentation.AimsThere are complicated interconnections between the fruit acid formula and skin pigmentation behaviors. However, the lack of systematic researches on multi‐ingredient formula restricted our understanding on its mechanism. Therefore, it is of great necessity to study the interactions and cascades among components, potential gene targets, signaling pathways, and biological processes via a system biology approach.MethodsWe used system biology, molecular fingerprint, and structural biology to calculate and collect target information of the functional formula. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was further applied to study the biological processes and pathways of the formula, and a multi‐level network model of “component ‐ molecular target ‐ signaling pathway ‐ skin disease” was established. Besides, the zebrafish model was utilized to verify the formula.ResultsWe obtained 69 hub targets by constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on the intersection between multi‐fruit acids formula (mandelic acid, lactobionic acid, niacinamide, and hydroxytyrosol) and skin indications targets (whitening‐sebum balance). In vitro zebrafish models, including pigmentation, antioxidant, and radiation protection models, showed that the current formula significantly alleviated pigmentation intensity and intracellular free radical content, thus proving the efficacy of skin brightening and UV irradiation protection.ConclusionsThis research uncovered the underlying mechanism of multi‐fruit acids formula and predicted its function in skin brightening and UV irradiation prevention.
Experience of antidepressant use and discontinuation: A qualitative synthesis of the evidence
Authors: Crowe Marie , Inder Maree , McCall Cate 
Published: June 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Rates of antidepressant prescribing have been increasing.

Antidepressants are not effective for many people.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Participants described how in order to receive help they had to engage with a medical pathway in which their experiences were constructed as arising from a biochemical deficit.

Antidepressant prescribing was identified as being the only option available and was associated with stigma.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses have a role to play in providing treatment options for those experiencing depression.

Mental health nurses need to provide evidence‐based information about antidepressants support those experiencing depression to make informed choices.

AbstractIntroductionThere are increased prescribing rates of antidepressants associated with an increase in the diagnosis of depression. However, antidepressants are not effective for many people. There is a gap in the existing literature for a synthesis of the experiences of those with lived experience of antidepressant use to better understand their use and impact given their ubiquitous use in mental health, primary care and other secondary and tertiary care settings. Mental health nurses play direct or indirect roles in both advocating for antidepressant use and monitoring adherence.AimsTo identify how people prescribed antidepressants describe their experiences of the medication including its discontinuation?MethodA meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies examining patients' experiences of antidepressant medication. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library databases were searched in May 2021. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts. Two reviewers independently reviewed the retrieved papers for eligibility and data extraction. The data synthesis was conducted using thematic analysis. Two reviewers independently conducted quality appraisals.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies with a total of 2937 participants were identified for inclusion in this review. Four themes were identified across the studies: the only option available; stigma associated with ‘biochemical deficit’ not myself and the vicious cycle.Implications for practiceThose seeking treatment for depression need to be provided with treatment options and evidence‐based information about anti‐depressants to provide them with the opportunity to make informed choices.
Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Wiggins Amanda T. , Cerel Julie , Hall Claire‐Marie , Ellis Misty , Cooper Gena L. , Adkins Brian W. , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThose factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on suicide ideation and attempts in rural populations have not been fully characterized in published literature, this study compares: (1) the rates of suicide ideation and attempts between the 6 months affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 to same months of the preceding year (3/18/2020‐9/18/20; 3/18/2019‐9/18/19), (2) demographics (ie, age, sex, residence, race, and ethnicity), and (3) the locations in which the encounters were billed (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department).MethodsDeidentified claims data associated with patient encounters billed for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt were grouped based on time period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2‐sample t‐test, chi‐square test of association, or Fisher's exact test.FindingsSuicidal ideation encounters increased in the 6 months post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 when compared to the 6 months of the prior year (IRR = 1.19; P < .001). Males (IRR = 1.27, P < .001), those residing rural areas (IRR = 1.22, P = .01), and Black, non‐Hispanic (IRR = 1.24, P = .024) were found to have increased rates of suicide ideation post‐SARS‐Cov‐2. In adults, White, non‐Hispanics (IRR = 1.16; P < .001) had increased rates of post‐SARS‐CoV‐2. In the pediatric subset, those who were aged 14‐17 (IRR = 1.50; P < .001), resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.61, P = .009), and idenitifed as Hispanic (IRR = 1.89; P = .037) or Black, non‐Hispanic (IRR = 1.61, P = .009) had increased rates post‐SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionsOur study identified rural dwellers to be at increased risk for suicide ideation.
Perioperative outcomes in dogs and cats undergoing pancreatic surgery: 81 cases (2008‐2019)
Authors: Wolfe M. L. , Moore E. V. , Jeyakumar S. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo identify and describe the type and frequency of perioperative factors in dogs and cats undergoing pancreatic surgery under referral care.MethodsMedical records from a small animal surgical referral practice were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs and cats that underwent pancreatic surgery between 2008 and 2019. Inclusion criteria included complete medical record, histopathology results and follow‐up of at least 14 days postoperatively or until death. Variables collected included signalment, history, presenting complaint, preoperative diagnostic results, intraoperative complications, surgical findings/procedures, postoperative complications and histopathology results. Cases were excluded if pertinent information or a histopathology report was missing from the medical record. The frequency of these variables was reported.ResultsThere were 81 client‐owned animals identified that met the inclusion criteria (57 dogs and 24 cats). The most common pancreatic procedure performed in dogs was partial pancreatectomy 63.2% (36/57) and in cats was pancreatic biopsy 62.5% (15/24). The most common histologic diagnosis in dogs was pancreatic islet cell carcinoma 50.9% (29/57) and in cats was pancreatitis 41.7% (10/24). The overall mortality rate was 13.6% (11/81), with a 10.5% (6/57) mortality rate in dogs and a 20.8% (5/24) mortality rate in cats.Clinical SignificanceIn this series of dogs and cats, pancreatic surgery under referral care carried a low to moderate mortality rate.
A randomised controlled dismantling trial of sleep restriction therapies for chronic insomnia disorder in middle childhood: effects on sleep and anxiety, and possible contraindications
Authors: Cain Neralie , Richardson Cele , Bartel Kate , Whittall Hannah , Reeks Joseph , Gradisar Michael 
Published: June 2022

SummarySleep restriction therapies likely drive improvement in insomnia in middle childhood via increases in homeostatic sleep pressure (e.g., evening sleepiness). Increased evening sleepiness may also dampen comorbid anxiety symptoms; and reduced wakefulness in bed may reduce worry. However, sleep restriction therapies have never been evaluated as a standalone intervention in this population. The mechanism of action needs testing, as do effects on anxiety, and cognitive performance and parasomnias (possible contraindications). This randomised controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of two “doses” of sleep restriction therapy (sleep restriction therapy, bedtime restriction therapy), compared to a control condition (time in bed regularisation). A total of 61 children (mean [SD, range] age 9.1 [2.1, 6–14] years; 54% female) with chronic insomnia disorder received two weekly 60‐min treatment sessions with a psychologist. Sleep, sleepiness, anxiety, worry, cognitive performance, and parasomnias were measured pre‐treatment, across treatment, and at 4‐weeks post‐treatment. Both the sleep and bedtime restriction groups experienced reductions in total sleep time (d = 1.38–2.27) and increases in evening sleepiness (d = 1.01–1.47) during the 2‐week treatment, and improvements in insomnia (i.e., sleep onset latency;d = 1.10–1.21), relative to the control group. All groups reported improved anxiety and worry, yet there were no differences between the control and restriction groups (allp > 0.658). Time in bed increased at the 1‐month follow‐up, and benefits to sleep and insomnia were maintained. There were no adverse effects on cognitive functioning (allp > 0.259), nor parasomnia occurrence (allp > 0.740). These results suggest that sleep restriction therapies are brief, yet effective, standalone interventions for insomnia in middle childhood, and improvements are likely due to increased sleepiness, not sleep regularisation.
Dvořák's Violin Concerto Reconsidered: Joachim's Influence, Bruch's Model and Romantic Innovations in Sonata Practice
Authors: Smith Peter H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTDvořák's Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 53, maintains a curious position among the finest Romantic‐era compositions of the genre. Although it holds a secure place in the concert repertoire, it has achieved neither the exalted status of Beethoven's and Brahms's violin concertos, nor the popularity of those by Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky and Bruch. Scholars invariably cite the failure of the concerto's dedicatee, Joseph Joachim, to perform the work as evidence of his disapproval, and attribute that reputed disapproval to the first movement's truncated sonata form. These critics rely on Joachim's authority to shut the door precipitously, without detailed engagement with the concerto's technical attributes. The record of Joachim's participation in the concerto's creation calls into question this received wisdom and raises the possibility that Joachim may have encouraged Dvořák to pursue his unusual formal strategy. Short of that scenario, Joachim may not have discouraged the composer from following a path of inspiration originating in either his own imagination or the example of another violin concerto strongly influenced by Joachim's input – the Bruch G minor.Comparison of the Dvořák and Bruch concertos supports the notion of a modelling and reveals Dvořák's immersion in many of the most innovative strategies that Romantic‐era composers adopted to reimagine late eighteenth‐century sonata conventions. Holistic analysis based on the theories of Caplin, Hepokoski and Darcy, and Schenker illustrates both the cogency of the first movement's sonata deformations and the centrality of the Adagio in overturning the tragic impact of the resulting formal ‘catastrophe’ in favour of a positive expressive outcome.
Unprocessed wheat γ‐gliadin reduces gluten accumulation associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress and elevated cell death
Authors: Chen Qian , Yang Changfeng , Zhang Zhaoheng , Wang Zihao , Chen Yongming , Rossi Vincenzo , Chen Wei , Xin Mingming , Su Zhenqi , Du Jinkun , Guo Weilong , Hu Zhaorong , Liu Jie , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Yao Yingyin 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Along with increasing demands for high yield, elite processing quality and improved nutrient value in wheat, concerns have emerged around the effects of gluten in wheat‐based foods on human health. However, knowledge of the mechanisms regulating gluten accumulation remains largely unexplored.

Here we report the identification and characterization of a wheat low gluten protein 1 (lgp1) mutant that shows extremely low levels of gliadins and glutenins.

The lgp1 mutation in a single γ‐gliadin gene causes defective signal peptide cleavage, resulting in the accumulation of an excessive amount of unprocessed γ‐gliadin and a reduced level of gluten, which alters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, forms the autophagosome‐like structures, leads to the delivery of seed storage proteins to the extracellular space and causes a reduction in starch biosynthesis. Physiologically, these effects trigger ER stress and cell death.

This study unravels a unique mechanism that unprocessed γ‐gliadin reduces gluten accumulation associated with ER stress and elevated cell death in wheat. Moreover, the reduced gluten level in the lgp1 mutant makes it a good candidate for specific diets for patients with diabetes or kidney diease.
Reliability and Validity of Standing Lateral Radiograph Method for Measuring Acetabular Component Version: A Modified Cross‐table Lateral Radiograph Method
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Xu Jie , Li Deng , Sun Hao , Cai Zhiqing , Chen Meiyi , Ma Ruofan 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of the X‐ray incidence angle on cup version measurements and the reliability and validity of standing lateral (SL) radiography for measuring cup versions.MethodsCup versions under different X‐ray incidence angles were investigated by the 3D simulation analysis. Ninety‐three patients, who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with postoperative SL radiographs and CT scans between April 2020 and December 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. SL radiography was taken under naturally standing position, correcting for the measurement error of pelvic tilt in cross‐table lateral (CL) radiography. Cup versions were measured on SL radiographs and CT images by two qualified orthopedic physicians. The intra‐ and inter‐observer reliabilities were assessed by intra‐class correlation coefficient. The consistency between radiographic and CT measurements was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsNo significant differences in cup version measurements were observed between groups of different X‐ray incidence angles (P = 0.663) in the 3D simulation analysis. All measurements had excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer reliabilities, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of >0.95. Mean cup version measurements from SL radiographs correlated well with those from CT scans (r = 0.853, P < 0.001). The mean difference between radiographic and CT measurements was −0.49° (range −12.62° to 10.37°, SD 3.95°), and the majority of differences were within the 95% limits of agreement.ConclusionThe cup versions measured with SL radiography were close to the CT measurements. SL radiograph method is reliable and valid for measuring acetabular component version after THA.