bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Disease Education on Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Mothers towards Typhoid Prevention in Akinyele local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigera
Authors: Famuyiwa S Aderemi , Ogundokun F Moses , Oloruntegbea S Dusin 
Published: June 2022

Backgroud: This is a disease is most predominant with great mortality among children of under five years of age especially in low and middle income countries where poor sanitation and poor hygiene favors the transmission of the disease. This study therefore focused on determining the effects of disease education on knowledge and attitude towards typhoid prevention among nursing mothers in Akinyele Local Government area of Oyo state.
Methods: The desig for this study was pretest-protest control group, quasi-experimental research design using 2×2 factorial matrix. The study used factorial matrix design based on the fact that the study involved the use of independent variables at two levels; treatment and control. Moderating variable of educational background at two levels (none formal education and formal education), multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select participants of two hundred (200) registered nursing mothers as sample. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection with reliability value of 0.72. the inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level.
Result: The result revealed that there was significant main effect of treatment on knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention among nursingnmothers in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State with (F(1/170) = 12.82, p <.05, ɳ2 = 0.07). (F(1/170) = 271.99, p <.05, ɳ2= 0.62) respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that disease education was very effective and has positive influence in improving the knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State., recommended was made that there is need for massive health education campaign to educate the nursing mothers and generality of the populace by governmental and non-governmental agencies to correct the wrong perception they have about malaria and typhoid fever for effective prevention, treatment and control of the diseases.
Comparison of Simulated Low-Dose and Conventional-Dose CT for Preoperative Planning in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Lorenzana Daniel J. , Solomon Justin , French Robert J. , McCrum Erin , Jonkergouw Filip , Anakwenze Oke A. , Lassiter Tally , Samei Ehsan , Klifto Christopher S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Shoulder computed tomography (CT) is commonly utilized in preoperative planning for total shoulder arthroplasty. Conventional-dose shoulder CT may expose patients to more ionizing radiation than is necessary to provide high-quality images for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of simulated low-dose CT images for preoperative planning using manual measurements and common preoperative planning software.

Methods:
Eighteen shoulder CT scans obtained for preoperative arthroplasty planning were used to generate CT images as if they had been acquired at reduced radiation dose (RD) levels of 75%, 50%, and 25% using a simulation technique that mimics decreased x-ray tube current. This technique was validated by quantitative comparison of simulated low-dose scans of a cadaver with actual low-dose scans. Glenoid version, glenoid inclination, and humeral head subluxation were measured using 2 commercially available software platforms and were also measured manually by 3 physicians. These measurements were then analyzed for agreement across RD levels for each patient. Tolerances of 5° of glenoid version, 5° of glenoid inclination, and 10% humeral head subluxation were used as equivalent for preoperative planning purposes.

Results:
At all RD levels evaluated, the preoperative planning software successfully segmented the CT images. Semiautomated software measurement of 25% RD images was within tolerances in 99.1% of measurements; for 50% RD images, within tolerances in 96.3% of measurements; and for 75% RD images, within tolerances in 100% of measurements. Manual measurements of 25% RD images were within these tolerances in 95.1% of measurements; for 50% RD images, in 98.8% of measurements; and for 75% RD images, in 99.4% of measurements.

Conclusions:
Simulated low-dose CT images were sufficient for reliable measurement of glenoid version, glenoid inclination, and humeral head subluxation by preoperative planning software as well as by physician-observers. These findings suggest the potential for substantial reduction in RD in preoperative shoulder CT scans without compromising surgical planning.

Clinical Relevance:
The adoption of low-dose techniques in preoperative shoulder CT may lower radiation exposure for patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, without compromising image quality.
Projected Future Changes in the Equatorial Wave Spectrum in CMIP6
Authors: Bartana Hagar , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Shamir Ofer , Rao Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) is considered in 13 state-of-the-art models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We use frequency-wavenumber power spectra of the models and observations for Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and zonal winds at 250 hPa (U250), and consider the historical simulations and end of 21st century projections for the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. The models simulate a spectrum quantitatively resembling that observed, though systematic biases exist. MJO and Kelvin waves (KW) are mostly underestimated, while equatorial Rossby waves (ER) are overestimated. Most models project a future increase in power spectra for the MJO, while nearly all project a robust increase for KW and weaker power values for most other wavenumber-frequency combinations, including higher wavenumber ER. In addition to strengthening, KW also shift toward higher phase speeds (or equivalent depths). Models with a more realistic MJO in their control climate tend to simulate a stronger future intensification.
On the generation of global surrogate models through unconstrained multi-objective optimization
Authors: Monteiro Wellington Rodrigo , Reynoso-Meza Gilberto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Deep learning algorithms or ensemble machine learning models often increase accuracy in industry artificial intelligence applications. However, their complexity makes them difficult to understand and show their underlying logic and decisions. In safety-critical applications or for audit purposes, this opaqueness is undesirable. To this end, explainable artificial intelligence techniques attempt to show how these complex models work. One of these techniques is the global surrogate generation method, where simpler, intrinsically interpretable models are trained to provide predictions as close as possible to their complex counterparts. However, these methods often only consider a single error measure to generate these simpler models. In order to solve this problem, we propose a multi-objective optimization problem to generate surrogates optimizing multiple error metrics simultaneously. Results show that this proposal can generate surrogates for classification and regression problems, often outperforming the current state-of-the-art method.
Asymmetric impacts of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: Evidence from the NARDL model
Authors: Mighri Zouheir , AlSaggaf Majid Ibrahim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the asymmetric impacts of both renewable energy consumption and economic complexity on Saudi Arabia’s economic growth in a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) framework. Symmetric and asymmetric causality tests are also used to test the direction of the causal relationships between the variables. The NARDL model is estimated using quarterly data over the period 2000Q1-2015Q4. The results indicate that the long-term impact of a negative shock in renewable energy consumption on economic growth is significantly negative, while the short-term impact of either positive or negative shocks has a significant positive effect. Moreover, both positive and negative shocks in economic complexity have significant negative effects on economic growth in the long term, while economic growth is only affected by the negative change in economic complexity in the short term. Meanwhile, the symmetric/asymmetric causality nexus between positive/negative shocks to either renewable energy consumption or economic complexity and positive/negative shocks to economic growth is found to be neutral.
Ranking the Environmental Factors of Indoor Air Quality of Metropolitan Independent Coffee Shops by Random Forest Model
Authors: Lin Yu-Wen , Tang Chin-Sheng , Liu Hsi-Chen , Lee Tzu-Ying , Huang Hsiao-Yun , Hsu Tzu-An , Chang Li-Te 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Independent coffee shops are the alternative workplaces for people working remotely from traditional offices but are not concerned about their indoor air quality (IAQ). This study aimed to rank the environmental factors in affecting the IAQ by Random Forest models. The indoor environments and human activities of participated independent coffee shops were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive days including weekdays and weekend during the business hours. The multi-sized particulate matter (PM), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO, CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. Random Forest models ranked the environmental factors. More than 20% of the 15-minute average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. Occupant density affected TVOCs, p-PAHs and CO2 concentrations directly. Tobacco smoking dominated PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and p-PAHs concentrations mostly. CO concentration was affected by roasting bean first and tobacco smoking secondly. The non-linear relationships between temperature and these pollutants illustrated the relative low concentrations happened at temperature between 22°C and 24°C. Tobacco smoking, roasting beans and occupant density are the observable activities to alert the IAQ change. Monitoring CO2 and optimizing the room temperature could also be the surrogate parameters to assure the IAQ.
Tibial Tubercle to Trochlear Groove Distance Measured by Transepicondylar Axis on MRI is a Reliable Parameter in Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Decision Making in Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Zhao Pei , Feng Yi , Yin Baoshan , Tan Hao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jian , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
purpose: To (1) verify the reliability of the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance measured by posterior condylar reference line (PCRL), surgical and anatomical transepicondylar axis (SEA and AEA) on MRI (TT-TGp, TT-TGs, and TT-TGa, respectively), (2) validate the diagnostic capacity of each parameter, (3) define the pathological threshold value of each TT-TG distance for tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO).Methods: 86 patients with patellar dislocation (PD) and 86 healthy individuals were included. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess inter-observer reliability of each parameter. Unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the areas under the curves (AUC) were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the parameters. The data of the control group was used to identify the pathological value of the parameters and Binary logistic regression model was established.Results: The TT-TGp, TT-TGs, and TT-TGa distance were greater in the study group (12.7±4.0, 12.0±4.1, and 11.9±4.2, respectively) than in the control group (8.2±2.9, 8.1±3.0, and 8.0±3.0, respectively) (P<0.001) and were correlated with trochlear dysplasia with a ρ of 0.47, 0.46, and 0.50, respectively (P<0.001). In the study group, the TT-TGp distance was greater than TT-TGs and TT-TGa distance (P<0.001). The ICC of each TT-TG distance was more than 0.85 in any degree of trochlear dysplasia. The AUC of the TT-TGp distance (0.811) was higher than the TT-TGs (0.777) and TT-TGa (0.768) distance. The pathological value of each TT-TG distance was 13.0mm. And the TT-TGp revealed a significant OR of 18.68 (95% CI [6.28, 55.50]) with regard to PD.Conclusion: Each TT-TG distance can be measured reliably by MRI and has a good diagnostic capacity for PD. TTO should be considered when a pathological TT-TG distance (>13.0 mm) is presented.Level of Evidence: Retrospective cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, I.
RRN3P2, RPL7AP64, ACTR3C, &amp; RPL7AP30 as Novel Prognostic Biomarkers for Glioblastoma (GBM): A Bioinformatics-Based Analysis
Authors: Malik Param 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) notes gliomas as the most frequent intrinsic tumors of the CNS and classifies gliomas into multiple histological types. Among these, the most invasive type of brain cancer histology is Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). GBM is an extremely fast-growing type of malignant brain tumor seen in more than 15% of all patients with primary malignant brain tumors. The treatment of GBM poses a substantial clinical challenge due to tumor heterogeneity, ineffectiveness of surgery/radiotherapy, and chemoresistance. Prognostic biomarkers will enable clinicians to identify patients with a more aggressive tumor evolution. To identify novel biomarkers in GBM, gene expression datasets of metastatic brain cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a publicly-available collection of genomic data relating to the molecular and clinical basis of cancer. Genes from patient files were retrieved and analyzed for oncogenic capacity, metastatic contribution, and potential for prognostic signature. Using the differentially expressed genes RRN3P2, RPL7AP64, ACTR3C, and RPL7AP30, survival curves were generated using Kaplan Meier test to explore the prognostic value of the select risk signature. Further, immune infiltration analyses were performed to assess the immune infiltrates of six tumor-immune infiltrating cells (TIIC) subsets. Gene Ontology and KEGG were used to identify the correlated molecular pathways of the target genes and present possible therapeutic direction. This study explores the prognostic value of RRN3P2, RPL7AP64, ACTR3C, and RPL7AP30 genes in GBM, and provides new insight into the therapeutic value of the correlated molecular pathways of the set of genes. Further, this model is expected to provide guidance for clinical evaluation of the prognosis of GBM patients with overexpression of the aforementioned genes.
Continuous measures of audience immersion: validating behavioural and physiological measures against self-report
Authors: Hammond Hugo , Armstrong Michael , Thomas Graham A. , Gilchrist Iain D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When an audience member becomes immersed, attention is shifted towards the media and story, and this is accompanied by the allocation of mental resources to represent events and characters. Here we investigate whether it is possible to measure immersion using continuous behavioural or physiological measures. Using television and film clips, we validated dual-task reaction times, heart rate, and skin conductance against self-reported narrative engagement. We find that reaction times in the dual-task were strongly positively correlated with immersion: slower reaction times were indicative of greater immersion, particularly emotional engagement. Synchrony in heart rate between participants was associated with attentional and emotional engagement with the story, although we found no such relationship with skin conductance. These results establish both dual-task reaction times and heart rate as candidate measures for the real-time, continuous, assessment of audience immersion.
An estimation of regional and at-site quantiles of extreme winds under flood index procedure
Authors: Ahmad Ishfaq , Ahmad Touqeer , Almanjahie Ibrahim Mufrah , Ameer Muhammad Athar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Daily annual maximum wind speed values are among environmental events with the most catastrophic consequences for society. A comprehensive understanding of the magnitudes and frequency of extreme winds is essential for ensuring sustainably managed wind energy, planning for emergency weather situations, and designing different building structures. This study investigated regional frequency analysis of daily annual maximum winds for Baluchistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. We intended to find the regional frequency distribution for maximum winds and predict the returns for extreme winds events in the future. L-moments regionalization techniques along with flood index procedure were applied to maximum wind speed records of 21 stations across the study area. Only one station namely Lasbella was found to be discordant. With the help of cluster analysis, the remaining twenty stations were further divided into two homogeneous. Heterogeneity measures validate that both regions are homogenous with allotted stations. Regional quantiles for both regions are estimated through best-fit probability distribution among Generalized Normal (GNO), Generalized Logistic (GLO), Pearson Type 3 (P3), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Robustness of GLO distribution compared to GEV distribution is assessed through Monte Carlo simulations of relative bias and relative root mean square error. Findings clearly show that GLO distribution is best for the regional modeling. Furthermore, at-site quantiles are estimated by multiplying quantities of regional quantiles using the sample mean and median as scaling factors. Estimated quantiles can be helpful for future planning concerning wind energy and the codification of structural designs and policy implications.
Microbial Quality and Antimicrobial Residue of Local and Industrial Processed Fruit Juice Sold in Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Jimma Fidaus Iddrisu , Mohammed Amina , Adzaworlu Emmanuel Gameli , Nzeh Joseph , Quansah Lydia , Dufailu Osman Adamu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fruits are essential part of human nutrition that provides numerous health benefits. When processed into juice, they are either packaged and stored or consumed immediately. There are reports on contraction of foodborne illness due to consumption of these natural beverages possibly from contamination by pathogenic microbes. Also, concerns of antimicrobial resistance due to antimicrobial residues in fruit juices has been raised. Thus, this study assessed the microbial quality of fruit juice by determining the microbial load of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and the presence of antimicrobial residues in locally processed fruit juices (n = 25) and industrially (n = 3) processed fruit juices sold in Tamale, Ghana. Spread plate technique was adopted for isolation and enumeration of bacteria. Whereas the presence of antimicrobial residue was determined using the Premi® test kit. Neither E. coli nor Salmonella spp. is recorded in all three industrially processed juice samples. However, the locally processed juice samples recorded 88% E. coli and 40% Salmonella spp. with microbial load above the acceptable limits. Antimicrobial residues were absent in all 28 samples analyzed. The incidence of high microbial load found in the locally processed fruit juice is of concern to avert possible foodborne illness linked with the consumption of fruit juices within Tamale.
Implementing an Activity Tracker to Increase Motivation for Physical Activity in Diabetic Patients in Primary Care: a SWOT Analysis
Authors: Pelletier Cynthia , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Chabot Christian , Rhéaume Caroline 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To explore the feasibility of implementing an activity tracker to increase motivation for physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care setting, and to assess patient satisfaction with this technology.Design: Mixed methods study using a satisfaction and acceptability questionnaire on an activity tracker (participants) and a questionnaire based on the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis elements (team).Setting: Academic Primary Health Centre in Quebec City, Canada.Participants: 15 participants with type 2 diabetes who took part in the intervention group, and 7 members of the research team and health professionals who contributed to this project.Methods: Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Qualitative variables from selected answers were reported in frequency tabs. Qualitative variables from open questions were synthesized in a matrix and ranked according to apparition frequency and global importance. A thematic analysis was performed by the first author and validated by two coauthors separately. The information gathered was triangulated to propose recommendations that were then approved by the team. Both quantitative and qualitative results were combined for recommendations.Main findings: In total, 86% of the participants were satisfied with their activity tracker use, and 79% did with the technical support provided by the team. The main strengths of the team members’ perspective were the study design, the team, and the device. The weaknesses were the budgetary constraints, the turnover, and the technical issues. The opportunities were the primary care setting and the common technology. The threats were the recruitment, the administrative challenges, and the technological difficulties.Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes were satisfied with their activity tracker used to improve motivation for physical activity. Research team members agreed that implementation can be done in primary care, but some challenges remain for using this tool in clinical practice regularly.
Precipitation of Vanadium Carbides for Improved Resistance to Gouging during the Running-In of Hadfield Steels
Authors: Wang Jiangting , Bruel Guillaume , Wang Zhiyang , Gilbert Elliot , Cizek Pavel , Corujeira-Gallo Santiago , Fabijanic Daniel , Barnett Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Precipitation hardening is a promising approach for strengthening of Hadfield steels to provide resistance to wear loss due to gouging in the initial ‘running-in’ period of mining components. The present study examines the potential to achieve this by combining vanadium addition (up to 2 wt.%) with short time aging (15 min) at 900 °C. It was found that such a treatment is sufficient to generate a dispersion of nano-scale precipitates that provided an increase in hardness and up to a factor three increase in gouging resistance in the as-processed state. Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements were performed to quantify the particle dispersion and Orowan precipitate hardening predictions made using the parameters thus obtained show good correspondence with the observed rates of age hardening, suggesting the precipitates are resistant to shearing. The present steels showed a small reduction in work hardening capacity and resistance to gouging in the work hardened state, after vanadium addition and aging. This is believed to be due to carbon depletion from the matrix. It is concluded that the addition of vanadium and a short aging treatment at 900 °C provides a promising pathway to imparting gouge resistance during the running-in period of components made from Hadfield steel. For optimum performance, additional carbon should be added to maintain the solute carbon content of the matrix, and hence the matrix work hardening rate.