bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal violence education: An analysis of the Spanish oral health school's curricula and future requirements
Authors: Arroyo‐Bote Sebastiana , Martínez‐Arroyo Carolina , Gallego‐Álvarez Mª. Ángeles , Arroyo‐Bote Chelo , Manzanares‐Céspedes Mª. Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionInterpersonal violence results in injuries that frequently affect oral, head and neck structures, the treatment of which must be carried out by Oral health practitioners with sufficient training to detect the problem and manage the victim's lesions and need for referral. The objective of this study is to know the academic preparation that Spanish dentistry students receive in learning outcomes related to interpersonal violence during undergraduate academic training.Materials and methodsA survey was conducted through an online form with 9 questions (Survey Monkey platform). The link was sent by email to the deans of the 23 Spanish universities (public and private) offering dentistry degrees. The analysis of the results was carried out using Fisher's test and a chi‐squared test.Results95.63% of the deans (n = 22) responded. 85.7% of the universities report to carry on training in violence, according with Spanish legislation. Currently 33.3% dedicate less than 5 h to this training, whereas in the future study plans only 19% would dedicate less than 5 h to these learning outcomes. 85.7% of the respondents agree in consider this training as mandatory. The subjects in which learning outcomes on interpersonal violence were reported to be included were: legal and forensic dentistry (78%), psychology (55%), medical ethics (33.3%), paediatric dentistry (39%), surgery (5.5%) and 22% respondents cited other specialties. In future curricula, the competence areas in which such training is proposed to be imparted are: legal and forensic dentistry (80.9%), psychology and medical ethics (57.1%), paediatric dentistry (38.1%), surgery (14.2%) and in 23.8% also in other specialties. Significant differences were found between public and private universities only in the number of hours that would be dedicated to interpersonal violence learning outcomes in the future.ConclusionsInterpersonal violence encompasses situations of abuse and neglect inflicted to different patients (women, children, elderly) that are perceived both by Oral Health students and practitioners to require a comprehensive training. Most of the respondent deans consider that in the future curricula both the hours and areas that teach interpersonal violence learning outcomes must be increased. To respond to victim's need for help and care, the future requirements for the Oral health workforce education must encompass interprofessional undergraduate as well as postgraduate training in interpersonal violence.
Decision‐making in stereotactic epilepsy surgery
Authors: Miller Kai J. , Fine Anthony L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurgery can cure or significantly improve both the frequency and the intensity of seizures in patients with medication‐refractory epilepsy. The set of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions involved in the path from initial consultation to definitive surgery is complex and includes a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neuropsychologists, supported by a very large epilepsy‐dedicated clinical architecture. In recent years, new practices and technologies have emerged that dramatically expand the scope of interventions performed. Stereoelectroencephalography has become widely adopted for seizure localization; stereotactic laser ablation has enabled more focal, less invasive, and less destructive interventions; and new brain stimulation devices have unlocked treatment of eloquent foci and multifocal onset etiologies. This article articulates and illustrates the full framework for how epilepsy patients are considered for surgical intervention, with particular attention given to stereotactic approaches.
Material index for strain localization susceptibility in cracked bodies: Examination of single‐crystal Cu using crystal plasticity finite element method
Authors: Li Wanjia , Hamada Shigeru , Noguchi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur previous study demonstrated that, in a cracked single‐crystal subjected to remote tensile stress, the interactions among material behavior, strain localization, mechanical behavior, and strain concentration caused the formation of a strain field was quite different from the HRR singularity introduced in the homogeneous continuum. Moreover, to quantify strain localization ability for metals, a material index for strain localization susceptibility (SLS) was proposed. However, the effectiveness and availability of that index were not examined in detail. In this study, a Cu‐based single crystal was examined using the crystal‐plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model. This model incorporates the strain localization mechanism from the non‐crystallographic shear band. Additionally, a new material index for SLS was introduced. The results showed that the new material index could reflect the SLS of the material. Meanwhile, a critical material index value based on strain localization was determined for predicting the crack behavior. This study also discusses the plastic deformation behavior near the crack tip with different material indices for SLS.
A systematic review of measurement instruments for oral health assessment of older adults in long‐term care facilities by nondental professionals
Authors: Rodrigues Lorrany Gabriela , Sampaio Aline Araújo , da Cruz Carlos Antonio Gomes , Vettore Mario Vianna , Ferreira Raquel Conceição 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundRegular oral health assessment of older adults living in Long‐term Care Facilities (LTCF) can improve their oral health.AimsThis study aimed to systematically review studies describing the development of instruments employed by nondental professionals to assess the oral health of older adults in LTCF and to evaluate their measurement properties.Material & MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases. Measurement properties of the identified instruments were evaluated using the Consensus‐based Standards to select health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Studies assessing at least one measurement property (validity, reliability, or responsiveness) of instruments used to assess oral health of older adults living in LTCF by nondental professionals were considered. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of evidence.ResultsFifteen studies reporting measurement properties of seven instruments were selected. The ohr‐interRAI and the OHAT were considered to have sufficient content validity, with high and moderate evidence quality, respectively. OHAT, BOHSE, and DHI showed acceptable results on reliability but with very low quality of evidence. DHI and OHSTNP also showed acceptable results for criterion validity, but, with low quality of evidence, insufficient or unclear results were observed for the remaining measurement properties. Studies evaluating the validity criteria of BOHSE and hypotheses testing of ohr‐MDS were considered to have high evidence quality.Discussion and ConclusionThe ohr‐interRAI can be provisionally recommended for use until further evidence is provided. Further methodologically rigorous studies are needed to assess the measurement properties of the existing instruments.
Ankle joint distraction is a promising alternative treatment for patients with severe haemophilic ankle arthropathy
Authors: van Bergen Eline D. P. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Vogely H. Charles , Balani Tanya N. , de Kleijn Piet , Foppen Wouter , van Roermund Peter M. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilic ankle arthropathy (HAA) causes major morbidity. When conservative treatment fails, major surgical interventions are indicated. An alternative treatment to maintain joint mobility and postpone these interventions is desired.AimTo gather prospective data on clinical/structural changes after ankle joint distraction (AJD) in HAA.MethodsThis study includes patients with severe HAA insufficiently responding to conservative treatment. AJD was performed during 8–10 weeks by use of an external frame. Questionnaires, physical examination and radiology were used to evaluate pain, function and structural changes before and 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after distraction. Mixed effect models were used for analysis.ResultsThis study includes eight cases (21–53 years). The fixed effects estimates of the visual analogue score (0–10) improved from 7.5 at baseline to 3.4 (p = .023) 3 years after distraction. The Haemophilia Activities List (HAL, 0–100) for basic/complex lower extremities functions improved from respectively 29.6 and 31.5 to 54.3 (p = .015) and 50.7 (p = .031). Joint mobility was maintained. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thickened cartilage and reduced bone marrow oedema and subchondral cysts. Pin tract infections (n = 6) were effectively treated and no adverse bleeding events occurred. At 3‐year follow‐up, in none of the patients the originally indicated arthrodesis was performed.ConclusionThis first prospective study showed that AJD in HAA results in decreased pain, improved function and decreased arthropathy‐related MRI findings in the majority of patients for prolonged time. Although the study population is small and follow‐up is relatively short, AJD may be promising to postpone invalidating interventions and might be a breakthrough treatment.
The effects of close kinetic chain exercises on proprioception and physical activity level in pediatric patients with hemophilia
Authors: Gönen Tuğba , Yakut Yavuz , Akbayram Sinan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionKnee joint proprioception is affected, and lower extremity functioning declines over time in patients with hemophilia A.AimTo investigate the effects of a structured exercise programme consisting of the close kinetic chain (CKC) exercises on proprioception and physical activity level in pediatric patients with hemophilia.MethodsA total of 21 patients with hemophilia A who had at least one target knee joint were randomized into three groups: Study Group (SG, n = 7), Conventional Treatment Group (CTG, n = 7) and Control Group (CG, n = 7). The SG received a structured, lower limb‐specific exercise protocol consisting of CKC exercises 2 days a week for 12 weeks, in addition to prophylactic treatment. The CTG received exercise training as described in the published literature. The CG continued to receive prophylactic treatment during the study period. Proprioception was measured using a digital goniometer before and after treatment in open and closed kinetic chain positions (CKCPs). The Five Times Sit to Stand (STS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia were used for the assessment of physical activity level.ResultsA significant pre/post‐treatment difference was found among the groups in proprioception (p = .001) and physical activity level (TUG p = .008, STS p = .001, FISH p = .006). Improvements in proprioception and physical activity level were greater in the SG compared to the other two groups (p < .05).ConclusionCompared to conventional exercise, the structured exercise protocol consisting of CKC exercise training produced improvements in proprioception and physical activity in patients with hemophilia A.
Older people's experience of COVID‐19 restrictions on vaccine hesitancy: A longitudinal phenomenological study to support nurse‐patient vaccination conversations
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Dunford Sandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore how older people's experiences of COVID‐19 restrictions influenced their decision to receive a vaccine and to support nurse–patient vaccination conversations.DesignA longitudinal hermeneutic phenomenological study. The application of the COREQ checklist informed the reporting of this study.MethodsData were collected through semi‐structured telephone interviews with older people (age ≥70) during two national restrictions implemented in England due to COVID‐19. Phase one of interviews occurred between April and July 2020 (six interviews), and phase two of interviews between January and April 2021 (four interviews). Data analysis was performed through content analysis.ResultsThirteen older people (mean age 78) worked through six stages about their thoughts and beliefs about receiving a vaccine, which encompassed four of the five elements of the 5C model of vaccine hesitancy, confidence, convenience, calculation, collective, but not complacency. Stages included ‘our only hope is a vaccine’; ‘understanding and acceptance of an effective vaccine’; ‘social responsibility to protect others’; ‘organized but left with unanswered questions’; ‘need to feel secure’ and finally ‘vaccination alone is not enough’.ConclusionThe experience of COVID‐19 restrictions by older people informed their approach of engaging with scientific information to inform their decisions to be vaccinated but also developed their sense of collective responsibility to younger generations and those at risk, which informed their adherence to restrictions and the vaccination programme.ImpactNurses are optimally placed to support older people to implement and adhere to national government restrictions as appropriate and prevent obsessive routines, and support discussions and the provision of scientific information on COVID‐19 vaccinations, whilst being inclusive of older peoples' sense of collective responsibility.
Effect of preparation type on the accuracy of different intraoral scanners: An in vitro study at different levels of accuracy evaluation
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Laskey David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of the effect of preparation type (inlay, onlay, and crown) on the accuracy of different intraoral scanning (IOS) systems at the preparation and arch segment levels.Materials and MethodsThree molars were prepared for inlay, onlay, and crown. Each preparation was scanned 10 times by CEREC Omnicam, Trios 3 (TS), and Medit i500 scanners. Each image was trimmed twice. The first trimming produced a preparation image (PI), and the second trimming extracted a segment image (SI) that involved the preparation with the adjacent teeth. Trueness and precision were calculated at the PI and SI levels.ResultsAt the PI level, all IOS systems had similar trueness pattern for all preparations, where the inlay had the best trueness followed by the crown and onlay. At the SI level, the different preparations showed similar trueness. The precision did not show a clear pattern of superiority for any preparation. The TS was significantly more precise than other IOS systems at the PI and SI levels, for every preparation. The proximal areas suffered from the greatest errors, regardless of preparation type.ConclusionsThe preparation type influenced PI trueness, and the IOS system affected PI and SI precisions.Clinical SignificanceThe smaller and less complex preparations have greater IOS accuracy than larger and more complex preparations. As the proximal areas are more affected regardless of the preparation, a more accessible proximal area for scanning is desirable.
When blood is not an option: Optimal bloodless management of severe anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Zurales Katherine R. , Janke Monica , Carver Alissa R. , Napolitano Lena M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStandard treatment for severe anemia in pregnancy is allogeneic blood transfusion, but this is not acceptable to all patients. Options for alternative anemia treatment are available. In this case report, a 32‐year‐old G2P1 woman who was a Jehovah's Witness presented at 27 weeks gestation with dyspnea, palpitations, and severe anemia (hemoglobin 2.8 g/dL) related to chronic rectal bleeding. She declined blood transfusion. An anemia management protocol (high‐dose erythropoietin‐stimulating agent, iron, vitamin D, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B12) rapidly increased endogenous erythropoiesis. After 12 days, hemoglobin increased to 8 g/dL. A bovine hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier was available for acute bleeding but was not used. This case highlights that early initiation of multimodal therapy can adequately increase endogenous erythropoiesis to treat life‐threatening anemia in antepartum patients who do not accept blood transfusion.
The interplay between risk adjustment and risk rating in voluntary health insurance
Authors: Klein Peter Paul , van Kleef Richard , Henriquez Josefa , Paolucci Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany regulated health insurance markets include risk adjustment (aka risk equalization) to mitigate selection incentives for insurers. Empirical studies on the design and evaluation of risk‐adjustment algorithms typically focus on mandatory health insurance schemes. This paper considers risk adjustment in the context of voluntary health insurance, as found in Chile, Ireland, and Australia. In addition to the challenge of mitigating selection by insurers, regulators of these voluntary schemes have to deal with selection by consumers in and out of the market. A strategy for mitigating selection by consumers is to apply some form of risk rating. Our paper shows how risk adjustment and risk rating interact: (1) risk rating reduces the need for risk adjustment and (2) risk adjustment reduces premium variation across rating factors, thereby increasing incentives for consumers to select in and out of the market.
Effects of free and nano-encapsulated bovine lactoferrin on the viability and acid production by Streptococcus mutans biofilms
Authors: Habibi P. , Yazdi F.T. , Mortazavi S.A. , Farajollahi M.M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTooth decay is one of the most common diseases that humans face during their lifetime. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most critical factors of early tooth decay. These bacteria may produce biofilms in the mouth, which are more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Streptococcus mutans may also demineralize tooth enamel by producing lactic acid. In this study, the effect of nanoliposomes containing lactoferrin at three different concentrations (1·5, 3 and 6 mg ml−1) on the biofilm formed by S. mutans was investigated. Nanoliposomes were prepared using the thin-layer hydration method. An active attachment model was used to evaluate biofilm and lactic acid production. The results showed that nano-encapsulated lactoferrin could reduce CFU of biofilm more effectively than free lactoferrin. Lactoferrin-containing nanoliposomes also significantly reduced lactic acid production by S. mutans. Therefore, nano-encapsulated lactoferrin may be used along with other dental caries control methods to increase anti-caries efficacy.
Exploring the development of adaptive expertise through the lens of threshold concepts
Authors: Betinol Edwin , Murphy Sue , Regehr Glenn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile expert clinical practice requires a flexible approach to problem solving, evidence shows that medical clerks tend to focus on knowledge acquisition as the key to expertise. It is not until residency training that learners shift their understanding of expertise towards developing adaptive approaches to clinical problems. This raises the possibility that adaptive expertise is a threshold concept and that authentic clinical experiences involving complex problem solving are required to create the liminal state that enables transformation to an adaptive expertise mindset. With this possibility in mind, the current study examined the conceptualisations of expertise held by recently graduated physical therapists using the framework of threshold concepts as a sensitising lens.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study in the Constructivist Grounded Theory tradition was conducted, utilising 14 one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews with recently graduated physical therapists.ResultsMost participants were in a transitional state regarding their conceptualisation of expertise, sometimes focusing on the acquisition of knowledge and routinisation of practice as their hallmark of expertise and at other times acknowledging the need for developing more dynamic and adaptive problem‐solving approaches to patient care. These mixed responses were expressed not only in their framing of patient management but also in their reasons for valuing colleagues and in their approach to continuing professional development. Notably, many participants suggested that the interview itself was a key impetus to their reflecting on these issues.ConclusionOur findings suggest that participants were only beginning to transition into an adaptive expertise mindset upon entering practice, reinforcing the possibility that authentic practice may be an important impetus for recognising the limits of routine expertise. However, spontaneous comments from participants suggest that this transition might be better supported though active guided reflection in addition to meaningful clinical engagement with patients and colleagues.
Social model or neoliberal champion? Economic visions of the European demos among EU citizens
Authors: Alt Dorian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTheories of economic nationalism have shown that identities can be constructed around various economic discourses. Yet, much of the literature focuses on official discourses while empirical tests on the citizen level are short in supply. The debate about the European demos exemplifies this shortcoming as EU institutions construct two competing visions of a European identity around economic issues. The European economy is depicted as a neoliberal competitor or as an economic space characterised by a social model. This paper investigates which of these two official visions EU citizens subscribe to. Based on 18 focus group interviews in France, Germany and Poland, I argue that citizens only share a conception of a European social model while a marriage of neoliberalism and nationalism can be detected for national economies. These findings highlight the importance of studying everyday nationhood, as not all official visions can be expected to resonate with citizens. Studies of discursive identity formation cannot only focus on official discourse, but should be flanked by investigations on the citizen level.
Anatomical and radiological approach to pterygoid implants in atrophic maxilla: A cross‐sectional study of 360 cone beam computed tomography examinations
Authors: Moreira‐Júnior Rosenvaldo , Jesus Marcus F. S. , Araujo Rafael Z. , Moreira Roosenvelt , Fernandes Leandra J. S. , Curi Marcos M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to analyse the anatomical dimensions of the pterygomaxillary region, installation angulations of pterygoid implants and bone density in the pterygoid pillar region by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations used in planning dental rehabilitation with implant‐supported prostheses in patients with atrophic jaws.Materials and MethodsWe analysed 360 CBCTs of patients with atrophic jaws using Xoran® software v.3.1.62 (Xoran Technologies). In addition, the angulation of virtual implants installed in the pterygomaxillary region was analysed in relation to the Frankfurt plan, as well as the length required for the installation of implants in this region.ResultsThe implant length installed in the pterygoid pillar varied between 13 and 20 mm, with an average of 16.17 mm (SD 2.16 mm). The pterygoid implant angulation on the latero‐lateral axis (frontal view) averaged 78.71° (SD. 3.58°) and 73.50° (SD 3.49°) in the anteroposterior direction (sagittal view). Bone density was found to be significantly higher in the pterygoid pillar region compared the maxillary tuberosity region (p < 0.05); the region of the tuberosity and pterygoid pillar had an average density value of 132.9 (SD 230.24) and 513.91 (SD 291.63) respectively.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, a pterygoid implant with a minimum length of 13 mm should be used in the pterygomaxillary region to reach the pterygoid bone pillar.