bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual adaptation: is female–male mounting a supernormal courtship display in Japanese macaques?
Authors: Gunst Noëlle , Leca Jean-Baptiste , Vasey Paul L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analysed heterosexual consortships in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques in which adult females routinely perform female-to-male mounting (FMM). We tested whether FMM is more efficient (i.e., a ‘supernormal courtship’ behavioural pattern) than species-typical female-to-male sexual solicitations (FMSS) at prompting subsequent male-to-female mounts (MFM). In a context of high female-female competition for male mates, we found that (1) FMM functioned to focus the male consort partner’s attention as efficiently as FMSS and prevented him from moving away, and (2) FMM was more efficient than species-typical FMSS at expediting MFM (i.e., the most fitness-enhancing sexual behaviour of a mating sequence). We concluded that FMM could be considered a supernormal courtship behavioural pattern in adult female Japanese macaques. This population-specific sexual adaptation may result from a combination of favourable socio-demographic conditions. This study has implications for the evolutionary history of non-conceptive mounting patterns in Japanese macaques and non-conceptive sexuality in humans.
Common and Uncommon Jewish Purity Concerns in City and Village in Early Roman Palestine and the Flourishing of the Stone Vessel Industry: A Summary and Discussion
Authors: Gibson Shimon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A stone vessel industry existed in early Roman Palestine (first century CE), and many of these utensils were either hand-carved or made on a lathe. The stone vessels were part of the tableware within Jewish households from different socio-economic levels of society in cities and villages. This research indicates that stone vessels were not as “common” in Jewish settlements of that time as has previously been thought. The article’s purpose is to sum up the new archaeological data on the subject. It deals with manufacturing processes, morphological aspects. This article also offers a refined chronological scheme for stone vessels (late first century BCE–mid-second century CE) in Judea, and it incorporates hitherto unpublished data from the excavation of a quarry-cave manufacturing site at Tel el-Ful, as well as providing detailed information on the typological frequency of stone vessels from sites at Jerusalem, notably at Mount Zion.
Did the published Theodosian Code include obsolete constitutions?
Authors: Sirks Boudewijn 
Published: April 2022

Summary
It is a point of contention whether the Theodosian Code contains also obsolete constitutions as foreseen for the projected interim code of CTh 1,1,5, or only valid constitutions (with the exception of Book 16). The text of CTh 1,1,6 is unclear in this point and seems to be a mere continuation of the plan of CTh 1,1,5. However, it appears that the first view does not take into account other statements of Theodosius, and that research into particular subjects shows the compilers have rendered a logically consistent review of the law, without superfluous texts. In view of this evidence it is better to assume that also elsewhere in the Books 1 to 15 as a rule only valid laws were included.
Toxic Military Masculinities and the Politics of Conscript After-Death Remembrance in Singapore
Authors: Lowe John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the relationality between death and masculinity in economically prosperous Singapore. In positioning the Singaporean male conscript, spatially disciplined by the state in both life and death, this article discusses how the reproduction of militarized masculinities through National Service (NS) in Singapore is co-constitutive of geopolitical tensions that contour how the space of the male body is reproduced. In the aftermath of four training-related deaths, this article examines the extent to which the authoritarian state is selective in exercising necropower by denying slain military bodies their existence as bodies-as-space. Granted that bodies-as-space are generative of emotions and affects, the final section of this article discusses how the Singaporean state exercises necropower to enhance life-giving conditions. It does so by deciding which military cadavers are most worthy of communicating affects and emotions for the purposes of preventing future deaths from training and ensuring support for conscription.
On the Interaction between Moist Convection and Large-Scale Ascent in the Tropics
Authors: Singh Martin S. , Neogi Sramana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A simple steady-state model is constructed for the interaction between moist convection and large-scale ascent in the tropics. The model is based on a bulk-plume representation of convection, and it is coupled to the large-scale circulation using methods developed for limited-area numerical models that are consistent with the weak temperature gradient approximation. Given the midtropospheric temperature anomaly in the ascent region, the model solves for the profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and large-scale vertical velocity in this region, as well as the tropical-mean profiles of temperature and relative humidity, as a function of two parameters representing the importance of entrainment and condensate re-evaporation in moist convection. According to the simple model, the ascent region is characterized by an anomalously moist and stable free troposphere with a top-heavy vertical velocity profile that peaks in the upper troposphere. These results are shown to be consistent with simulations using a cloud system–resolving model in which the large-scale circulation is parameterized. Furthermore, it is shown that, due to the effect of entrainment on the tropospheric lapse rate, the predicted vertical velocity profile is more top-heavy than the first-baroclinic mode profile used in previous reduced-complexity models of tropical dynamics. The simple model therefore provides a framework to link mixing and microphysical processes in moist convection to the large-scale structure of the tropical overturning circulation.
Harmonic Analysis of Non-Phase-Locked Tides with Red Noise Using the red_tide Package
Authors: Kachelein Luke , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Gille Sarah T. , Mazloff Matthew R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel tidal analysis package (red_tide) has been developed to characterize low-amplitude non-phase-locked tidal energy and dominant tidal peaks in noisy, irregularly sampled, or gap-prone time series. We recover tidal information by expanding conventional harmonic analysis to include prior information and assumptions about the statistics of a process, such as the assumption of a spectrally colored background, treated as nontidal noise. This is implemented using Bayesian maximum posterior estimation and assuming Gaussian prior distributions. We utilize a hierarchy of test cases, including synthetic data and observations, to evaluate this method and its relevance to analysis of data with a tidal component and an energetic nontidal background. Analysis of synthetic test cases shows that the methodology provides robust tidal estimates. When the background energy spectrum is nearly spectrally white, red_tide results replicate results from ordinary least squares (OLS) commonly used in other tidal packages. When background spectra are red (a spectral slope of −2 or steeper), red_tide’s estimates represent a measurable improvement over OLS. The approach highlights the presence of tidal variability and low-amplitude constituents in observations by allowing arbitrarily configurable fitted frequencies and prior statistics that constrain solutions. These techniques have been implemented in MATLAB in order to analyze tidal data with non-phase-locked components and an energetic background that pose challenges to the commonly used OLS approach.
Error Characterization of Significant Wave Heights in Multidecadal Satellite Altimeter Product, Model Hindcast, and In Situ Measurements Using the Triple Collocation Technique
Authors: Dodet Guillaume , Abdalla Saleh , Alday Matias , Accensi Mickaël , Bidlot Jean , Ardhuin Fabrice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ocean wave measurements are of major importance for a number of applications including climate studies, ship routing, marine engineering, safety at sea, and coastal risk management. Depending on the scales and regions of interest, a variety of data sources may be considered (e.g., in situ data, Voluntary Observing Ship observations, altimeter records, numerical wave models), each one with its own characteristics in terms of sampling frequency, spatial coverage, accuracy, and cost. To combine multiple source of wave information (e.g., for data assimilation scheme in numerical weather prediction models), the error characteristics of each measurement system need to be defined. In this study, we use the triple collocation technique to estimate the random error variance of significant wave heights from a comprehensive collection of collocated in situ, altimeter, and model data. The in situ dataset is a selection of 122 platforms provided by the Copernicus Marine Service In Situ Thematic Center. The altimeter dataset is the ESA Sea State CCI version1 L2P product. The model dataset is the WW3-LOPS hindcast forced with bias-corrected ERA5 winds and an adjusted T475 parameterization of wave generation and dissipation. Compared to previous similar analyses, the extensive (∼250 000 entries) triple collocation dataset generated for this study provides some new insights on the error variability associated to differences in in situ platforms, satellite missions, sea state conditions, and seasonal variability.
A Climatology of Snow Squalls in Southern New England 1994–2018
Authors: Colby Frank P. , Coe David , Barlow Mathew , Brown Ryan , Krajewski Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Snow squalls are sudden snow events that last less than 1 h, are characterized by low visibility and gusty winds, and can result in notable societal impacts. This analysis develops a climatology of non-lake-effect snow squall events in southern New England for 1994–2018 and investigates the synoptic environment and mesoscale factors conducive to their formation. National Weather Service surface observations were used to identify events; sea level pressure maps, composite radar charts, and a cell-tracking algorithm were used to determine their organization and movement; and ERA5 hourly reanalysis data were used to analyze the associated synoptic and infer mesoscale features, as well as convective and symmetric instability. A total of 100 events were identified and categorized into four distinct types on the basis of the direction of movement of the associated radar echoes, which is closely linked to characteristic synoptic structures and mesoscale factors. The four types are Classic (squall movement from the northwest; 72 events), Atlantic (from the southwest; 15 events), Northern (from the north; 9 events), and Special (varying; 4 events). All types have a 500-hPa trough over the Northeast but differ in the structure of the trough and its relation to lower-level flow, which accounts for the differences in movement of the squalls. The snow events occur in shallow, convective squall lines, and the ingredients for convection were present in all cases. Both upright and symmetric instability are typically present, all cases had at least one lower-tropospheric layer with cyclonic differential vorticity advection, and many cases were also associated with frontogenesis.
Short-Term Prediction of a Nocturnal Significant Tornado Outbreak Using a Convection-Allowing Ensemble
Authors: Galarneau Thomas J. , Wicker Louis J. , Knopfmeier Kent H. , Miller William J. S. , Skinner Patrick S. , Wilson Katie A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A multiscale analysis of the significant nocturnal tornado outbreak in Tennessee on 2–3 March 2020 is presented. This outbreak included several significant tornadoes and resulted in the second most fatalities (25) and most injuries (309) of all nocturnal tornado events in Tennessee in 1950–2020. The two deadliest tornadoes struck Nashville (EF3 intensity) and Cookeville (EF4) resulting in 5 and 19 fatalities, respectively. The supercell responsible for the tornado outbreak initiated at 0330 UTC 3 March within a region of warm frontogenesis in western Tennessee. Throughout its life cycle, the supercell was located in a region of convective available potential energy near 1000 J kg−1 and 0–1-km storm-relative helicity over 350 m2 s−2. Retrospective 3-h forecasts from the experimental Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) convection-allowing ensemble initialized after the parent supercell initiated indicated a high probability, high severity scenario for tornadoes across Tennessee and into Nashville through 0700 UTC. Earlier WoFS forecasts indicated a low probability, high severity scenario owing to uncertainty in the initiation of supercells. The presence of these supercells was sensitive to the upstream thermodynamic conditions and warm frontogenesis regions that were inherited from the lateral boundary conditions. In all, this study highlights the potential of the WoFS ensemble to contribute useful probabilistic severe weather information to the short-term forecast process during a nocturnal significant tornado outbreak.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of depression among older people with hypertension
Authors: van Sloten Thomas T , Souverein Patrick C , Stehouwer Coen DA , Driessen Johanna HM 
Published: April 2022

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly used antihypertensive drugs, may have a protective effect against depression in older individuals, but evidence in humans is limited. Aims: We evaluated the risk of depression, among older individuals with hypertension, comparing ACE or ARB initiators to thiazide(-like) diuretic initiators. Thiazide(-like) diuretics were used as control because these drugs are not associated with mood disorders. Methods: We used a propensity score-matched new user cohort design with routinely collected data from general practices in England from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. We matched 12,938 pairs of new users of ACEIs/ARBs and thiazide(-like) diuretics with hypertension (mean age 67.6 years; 54.7% women). Follow-up time started on the date of drug initiation and ended on the date of treatment discontinuation plus 30 days, or switch to a comparator, occurrence of a study event, death, date of patient’s transfer out of practice, or end of the study period. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of treated depression and nonfatal and fatal self-harm. Results/outcomes: Compared to the thiazide(-like) diuretic group, ACEIs/ARBs use was not associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.79; 1.15)). Results did not differ according to lipophilicity, duration of use, and average daily dose, or class (ACEIs or ARBs). Conclusions/Interpretation: New use of ACEIs or ARBs is not associated with a lower risk of depression among individuals with hypertension.
The influence of artificial intelligence assistance on the diagnostic performance of CCTA for coronary stenosis for radiologists with different levels of experience
Authors: Han Xianjun , He Yi , Luo Nan , Zheng Dandan , Hong Min , Wang Zhenchang , Yang Zhenghan 
Published: April 2022

Background The interpretation of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) stenosis may be difficult among radiologists of different experience levels. Artificial intelligence (AI) may improve the diagnostic performance. Purpose To investigate whether the diagnostic performance and time efficiency of radiologists with different levels of experience in interpreting CCTA images could be improved by using CCTA with AI assistance (CCTA-AI). Material and Methods This analysis included 200 patients with complete CCTA and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) data, using ICA results as the reference. Eighteen radiologists were divided into three levels based on experience (Levels I, II, and III), and the three levels were divided into groups without (Groups 1, 2, and 3) and with (Groups 4, 5, and 6) AI assistance, totaling six groups (to avoid reader recall bias). The average sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and AUC were reported for the six groups and CCTA-AI at the patient, vessel, and segment levels. The interpretation time in the groups with and without CCTA-AI was recorded. Results Compared to the corresponding group without CCTA-AI, the Level I group with CCTA-AI had improved sensitivity (75.0% vs. 83.0% on patient-based; P = 0.003). At Level III, the specificity was better with CCTA-AI. The median interpretation times for the groups with and without CCTA-AI were 413 and 615 s, respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusion CCTA-AI could assist with and improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists with different experience levels, with Level I radiologists exhibiting improved sensitivity and Level III radiologists exhibiting improved specificity. The use of CCTA-AI could shorten the training time for radiologists.
Extremely urgent public procurement under Directive 2014/24/EU and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Telles Pedro 
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic swept throughout the European Union swiftly and led to significant changes in how we live and operate. Some of those changes occurred in public procurement as well, with Member States struggling to react to the dissemination of the virus. The purpose of this paper is to assess what scope the EU's public procurement legal framework provides to deal with a crisis, and how the rules should be interpreted. This paper will show how the EU public procurement legal framework deals with extreme urgency situations and how it has been intentionally designed to allow Member States flexibility within very clearly defined boundaries. This means that the path to award contracts without competition on the grounds of extreme urgency is narrow due to Article 32(2)(c) of Directive 2014/24/EU 1 and the case law from the CJEU. The narrowness of this path is due to the exceptional nature of procedure and the obligation for the contracting authority to discharge the tight grounds for use in full for every contract. Therefore, this paper concludes that the view exposed by the European Commission on its guidance from April 2020 that the pandemic is a single unforeseeable event amounts to an incorrect reading on how the grounds for the use of Article 32(2)(c) operate. If such interpretation was already too broad in April 2020, it certainly is no longer in line with the transition from an unfolding crisis into a new and more permanent equilibrium. In the context of COVID-19, particularly the need for the crisis to be unforeseeable and the extreme urgency not being attributable to the contracting authority raise significant difficulties for some contracting authorities to discharge the grounds for use of the negotiated procedure without prior notice. This is particularly the case in those situations where governments centralized pandemic-related procurement. As such, the paper concludes that existing substantive rules for extremely urgent procurement are adequate and, albeit sufficient to respond to crisis situations, that does not entail that the wholesale use of the negotiated procedure without prior notice is necessarily legal.
Prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of cerebral ischemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients – study rationale and protocol of the CORONIS study: A multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: van Lith Theresa J , Sluis Wouter M , Wijers Naomi T , Meijer Frederick JA , Kamphuis-van Ulzen Karin , de Bresser Jeroen , Dankbaar Jan Willem , van den Heuvel Frederik MA , Antoni M Louisa , Mulders-Manders Catharina M , de Mast Quirijn , van de Veerdonk Frank L , Klok Frederikus A , Tuladhar Anil M , Cannegieter Suzanne C , Wermer Marieke JH , van der Worp H Bart , Huisman Menno V , de Leeuw Frank-Erik 
Published: April 2022

Background: COVID-19 is often complicated by thrombo-embolic events including ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms of COVID-19-associated ischemic stroke, the incidence and risk factors of silent cerebral ischemia, and the long-term functional outcome in these patients are currently unknown. Patients and methods: CORONavirus and Ischemic Stroke (CORONIS) is a multicentre prospective cohort study investigating the prevalence, risk factors and long-term incidence of (silent) cerebral ischemia, and the long-term functional outcome among patients with COVID-19. We aim to include 200 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 without symptomatic ischemic stroke to investigate the prevalence of silent cerebral ischemia compared with 60 (matched) controls with MRI. In addition, we will identify potential risk factors and/or causes of cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 patients with ( n = 70) or without symptomatic stroke ( n = 200) by means of blood sampling, cardiac workup and brain MRI. We will measure functional outcome and cognitive function after 3 and 12 months with standardized questionnaires in all patients with COVID-19. Finally, the long-term incidence of (new) silent cerebral ischemia in patients with COVID-19 will be assessed with follow up MRI ( n = 120). Summary: The CORONIS study is designed to add further insight into the prevalence, long-term incidence and risk factors of cerebral ischemia, and the long-term functional outcome in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19.
Progressive chronic kidney function decline as a clinical presentation of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated nephrotoxicity
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Dougan Michael , Zhang M. Lisa , Sise Meghan E. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, ICIs can be limited by inflammatory toxicities referred to as immune related-adverse events (irAEs). Clinical presentation of acute kidney injury (AKI) with corresponding pathological features of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is the most common manifestation of kidney irAE. Case discussion: A 74-year-old man with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed progressive kidney function decline after initiating treatment with cemiplimab (a programmed death protein 1 inhibitor). Because of the outstanding treatment response, and the fact that the patient had no other irAEs, cemiplimab was continued with close monitoring of kidney function. Over the course of 2 years, his creatinine increased from 2.1 to 3.1 mg/dL. Two years into treatment, he presented to the clinic with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. He was hospitalized and underwent endoscopic examination that led to the diagnosis ICI-associated enterocolitis. After initiation of high dose glucocorticoids, his serum creatinine rapidly improved to his pre-ICI baseline. Conclusion: ICI-associated nephrotoxicity should be considered as a possible cause of rapidly progressive CKD; clinicians must keep a high suspicion for irAEs even in patients who have been receiving ICIs for over 1 year.