bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaves Essential Oil Ameliorates GluR1 Receptor Expression, TNF-α Level, and Pain-like Behaviors in Post-operative Pain Setting
Authors: Dewi Dewa Ayu Mas Shintya , Jawi Made , Astawa Nyoman Mantik , Ryalino Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Unrelieved post-operative pain is an emerging healthcare concern with ever increasing global volume of surgical procedures. GluR1 subunit coupled with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression plays a major role in the development of post-operative pain mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor. There was no existing evidence on the analgesic potential of basil essential oil (BEO) in post-operative settings, despite its well-established antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Materials and Methods:
BEO was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis to identify the active ingredients. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of orally administrated basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil were tested in a rat model of post-operative pain using hindpaw surgical incision as noxious stimuli. TNF-α and GluR1 subunit expressions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry methods. Spontaneous pain and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured using mouse grimace scale and Von Frey monofilament test, respectively. All outcomes were evaluated in acute post-operative pain timeframe.

Results:
Chemical analysis identified 14 terpenoids predominated with caryophyllene and citral. BEO administration caused a significant reduction of TNF-α (67.23 ± 2.46 vs. 70.45 ± 4.89; P = 0.019) and GluR1 (3.03 ± 0.56 vs. 3.90 ± 1.12; P = 0.005) levels at 24 h after surgical incision when compared with the control group. Significant spontaneous pain, pain threshold, and pain-like behaviors frequency reduction at 1-, 4-, and 24-h post-surgical incision were also noted.

Conclusion:
Effective antinociceptive activity of BEO through modulation of GluR1 and TNF-α levels was further confirmed in the behavioral outcome. Advancement into clinical translation necessitates BEO pharmacological profiling, especially given the diversity of chemotypes.
Neutrophil and Platelet Count Upon Hospital Admission as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Bagiada I Made , Widiana I Gde Raka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
The severity of COVID-19 infection may depend on severe inflammation and hypercoagulability mechanisms. These processes may be rapidly identified in peripheral blood tests. This study aims to determine whether components of complete blood counts are able to predict the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective, observational analytical study carried out in the Indonesian population. We included all patients admitted to our hospital for COVID-19 during a 3-month period. We obtained blood samples for complete blood count examinations upon hospital admission. Confirmation of COVID-19 infection was based on a polymerase chain reaction test. Severe COVID-19 infection was determined if the patients had a Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia (SCAP) score of >10. We collected blood samples upon hospital admission for leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts.

Results:
We included 131 patients consisting of 77 (58.8%) males and 54 (41.2%) females. There were significant associations between neutrophil count and SCAP score (r = 0.28; P = 0.001) and platelet count (r = 0.023; P = 0.007). Upon regression analysis, we found that every 1,000 declines in platelet count was associated with increased risk (0.8%) of severe COVID-19, whereas every 1,000 declines in the neutrophil count was associated with decreased risk (18%) of severe COVID-19.

Conclusion:
There is a significant, weak positive correlation between neutrophil and platelet counts and the severity of COVID-19 infection as expressed by the SCAP score.
As a Member of the Surgical Team, the Nurse Anesthetist’s View of Using the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in Swedish Health Care
Authors: Krupic Ferid , Rahim Yassir Abdul , Grbic Kemal , Lindström Parvaneh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
In Sweden, during specialty training, the nurse anesthetist learns how to ensure patient safety in a health-care setting by implementing the surgical checklist measures during perioperative care. To date, there are still considerable shortcomings when it comes to implementing these patient safety measures in Swedish hospitals.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the WHO surgical safety checklist (WHOSSC) by surgical teams, with special emphasis on nurse anesthetists to increase patient safety.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive questionnaire-based study was performed between September 2018 and March 2019 and included 196 health-care professionals who completed the questionnaire. The survey was carried out among all the health-care professionals at two surgical units at a university hospital during the data collection period.

Results:
The results reveal that the majority of health-care staff in this study agree with the need to implement the WHOSSC during surgery and the necessity of doing so to ensure patient safety. However, it is not clear whether this checklist needs to be made a matter of routine at the clinics and whether this is possible in emergency situations.

Conclusion:
The nurse anesthetists, as members of the surgical team, use the list all the time in emergency situations and conclude, like other members of the team, that the list improves patient safety. Clearer procedures are needed during surgery regarding the usage of the checklist in practice, and there should be a designated person in the surgical team responsible for implementing the checklist.
Association of Virulence with Antimicrobial Resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospital Settings in Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser Zannat , Shamsuzzaman S. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:

Introduction:
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality rates. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern along with the distribution of virulence genes among isolated string test positive and negative strains.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 44 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated following standard microbiological methods from 350 different clinical samples from patients admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. String test was done to detect the hypermucoid phenotype. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern was determined by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (except colistin and fosfomycin) among all isolates. Polymerase chain reaction was done to detect the hypervirulence genes (magA, rmpA, rmpA2 iutA, iroN).

Results:
In this study, 21/44 (47.73%) of the isolated K. pneumoniae were string test positive and distribution of the virulence genes except rmpA2 was higher among them. A total of 15/44 (34.09%) of the isolated K. pneumoniae were MDR, 10/44 (22.73%) were extensively drug resistant, 1/44 (2.27%) was pan drug resistant, and 14/44 (31.82%) were colistin resistant. Isolated organisms were highly resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and most sensitive to fosfomycin in this study. Although all the string test positive strains showed higher resistance rates than the string test negative ones toward most of the tested antibiotics, only the differences of resistance rates to amoxiclav and tigecycline among the two phenotypes were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the importance of surveillance of the AMR pattern of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae in clinical samples. Therefore, a response to check the global dissemination of this hypervirulent K. pneumoniae with resistance determinants is urgently needed.
Two Sisters with Mal de Meleda
Authors: Cebeci Dua , Karasel Seide , Bayraktaroglu Görgün 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare autosomal recessive type of palmoplantar keratoderma that is characterized by transgradient keratoderma with scleroatrophy, pseudoainhum around the fingers, and perioral erythema. Its features may also include lichenoid lesions, brachydactyly, and nail dystrophy. The disease has high morbidity and significantly impairs quality of life. Here, we describe two sisters with typical clinical presentations of MDM and a history of consanguinity between the parents.
Stages of Concern of Medical Faculty toward Adoption of Competency-based Medical Education in India
Authors: Mahajan Rajiv , Virk Amrit , Saiyad Shaista , Kapoor Anil , Ciraj A. M. , Srivastava Tripti , Chhatwal Jugesh , Mondal Tanushree , Kukreja Sahiba , Kalra Juhi , Barua Purnima , Bhandary Shital , Singh Tejinder 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context:
Currently, a major curricular reform in the form of competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum is being rolled out across all medical colleges in India. However, it is important to find out and address the concerns of faculty regarding various aspects of this new curriculum.

Aim:
To analyze the concerns of the faculty members of medical colleges in India in response to the changes emerging from the adoption and implementation of the new curriculum through the concerns-based adoption model by applying the stages of concern (SoC) questionnaire.

Methodology:
A multicentric, cross-sectional quantitative study involving faculty members currently working in medical colleges and with more than 2 years of teaching experience was conducted using SoC questionnaire (SoCQ). The questionnaire was delivered as Google Form.

Results:
Of the 744 faculty participants, 41.1% (306) of faculty belonged to the 31–40 years age group followed by the 41–50 years age group (267, 35.9%). Respondents rated their level of concern differently among the seven SoC - percentile scores were highest in Stage 0– awareness (94) and least in Stage 4– consequences (59). An appreciably higher percentile scores were seen at the consequences stage (63 vs. 54), collaboration stage (80 vs. 68), and refocusing stage (77 vs. 69) in those faculty members who were trained in curriculum implementation support program (CISP) compared to the untrained group. However; the SoCQ profiles of CISP trained and untrained faculty were very much similar. SoCQ profiles of holders of advanced training in medical education and non-holders were also the same.

Conclusion:
Almost after 2 years of well-planned introduction of the CBME curriculum in India, the generalized faculty profile is still suggestive of interested but non-user type for the adoption of CBME. However; compared to untrained faculty, CISP trained faculty is more concerned about the impact of CBME on students, collaborating with colleagues for its proper implementation and exploring more benefits from the implementation of CBME, indicating that more hand-holding is required for faculty development beyond CISP.
Case Report: Focal Myoclonus with a Striatal Lesion as a Presentation of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Chaudhury Sarvesh K. , Kumar Bishwanath , Jadhav Mahesh 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT.
Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is rare, and focal myoclonus as a presenting feature poses a diagnostic dilemma. We report an adult SSPE patient with unusual clinical and radiological features. A 20-year-old girl had jerky neck movement 9 months earlier, which progressed to left hemimyoclonus in 2 months and generalized frequent myoclonus and fall at 4 months. By 6 months, she was bedbound. On examination, her Mini-Mental State Examination score was 10, and patchy retinitis was observed around the macula. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed corpus striatal involvement and electroencephalography showed periodic discharges. Measles cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G index was 3.3 (normal < 1.3), confirming the diagnosis of SSPE. SSPE should also be considered in adults having focal myoclonus with corpus striatal lesion. EEG is helpful in the diagnosis.
Cervical precancerous lesions at the Tchibanga Regional Hospital and the University Hospital in Gabon in 2018: smartphone as a screening tool for diagnosis
Authors: Ambounda Ledaga Nathalie , Honore Woromogo Sylvain , Emma Yagata-Moussa Felicite , Serge Mavoungou Audin , Noel Simo Tekem Vicky 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical precancerous lesions are disorders that can induce discolouration changes. Their detection is difficult in remote areas in the absence of adequate equipment. The objectives were to evaluate Smartphone performance in diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions in Tchibanga, Gabon.
Methods: It was an interventional cross-sectional study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the smartphone as a tool for diagnosing atypical changes in the cervix. Study period was between July 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018 at the Tchibanga Regional Hospital (CHRT) and the University Hospital (CHU). The variability between examiners was determined according to Cohen's Kappa formula. The Gold standard test was the cytology.
Results: Compared to the examiner -1, the examiner - 2 found a high percentage of inflammations as atypical transformations: 15.3% versus 9%. With regard to smartphonic impressions, the examiner-1 found the normal impressions almost equal to that of the examiner-2, 72.9% versus 72.2%. The concordance between positive smartphonic impressions was 93.8% and 95.5% between negative smartphonic impressions, with k = 0.86.
Conclusion: In view of the above, the concordance between positive and negative smart phonic impressions was 93.8 and 95.5% with k = 0.86. The performance parameters being good, there is a need to use the smartphone as a tool for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions.
Keywords: Diagnosis; cervical precancerous lesions; Tchibanga; smartphone.
Human Papillomavirus types prevalence and their association with cervical dysplasia among HIV and non-HIV infected women attending reproductive health clinics in Eastern Kenya
Authors: James Kinotia Njue , Muturib Margaret , Kamauc Lucy , Lwembed Raphael 
Published: May 2022

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes over 99% of all cervical cancer globally. In 2019; it was responsible for 3,286 deaths in Kenya. Understanding the epidemiological distribution of HPV genotypes by cervical dysplasia and HIV infection is important in designing prevention strategy and management of cervical cancer.
Objective: To determine HPV genotypes prevalence and their distribution by cervical dysplasia, social-demographic and risk factors associated with cervical cancer among HIV-infected women aged 18-48 years seeking reproductive healthcare in Eastern Kenya.
Methods: Cervical specimens were obtained for cytology, HPV-genotyping, histology while social-demographic factors were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using Pearson chi-square test.
Results: 317 womencases: 161(50.8%); control 156(49.2%), mean age: 34.3, range 18-46 years were recruited. Thirteen HPV genotypes associated with cervical dysplasia were: CIN1{cases: HPV81[12(3.8%), HPV11[2(0.6%); control: HPV53 and HPV66[1(0.3%)}, CIN2 {cases: HPV11, HPV16, HPV661(0.3%), HPV816(1.9%) and single case1(0.3%) of HPV9, HPV11, HPV16, HPV44, HPV66, HPV81 HPV88, HPV53 and HPV58; control: HPV81[2(0.6%)} and invasive cancer {cases: HPV16[1(0.3%) and HPV81[3(0.9%); control: HPV16and HPV66[1(0.3%).
Conclusions: Cervical dysplasia was associated with more mixed-lr/hrHPV genotypes among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women. The finding adds to the pool of knowledge the epidemiological data required in determining the population at risk for cervical cancer.
Keywords: Human Papillomavirus; cervical dysplasia; HIV; Eastern Kenya.
Diagnosis and treatment of obstetrics disseminated intravascular coagulation in resource limited settings
Authors: C Okoye Helen , U Nwagha Theresa , O Ugwu Angela , E Menuba Ifeanyi , N Duru Augustine , O Ugwu Emmanuel , U Ezebialu Feanyichukwu , C Eze Stephen , O Ugwu Aloysuis 
Published: May 2022

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is one of the commonest causes of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and puerperium. Its successful management is a challenging feat in resource limited settings (RLS).
Aim: To determine Obstetricians’ approach in diagnosing and treating obstetrics DIC in a RLS
Method: A semi-structured pre-tested 4-sectioned questionnaire was used to collect demographic data of Nigerian obstetricians and data on their practice in the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrics DIC.
Results: A total of 171 obstetricians responded. Preeclampsia was the most frequent cause identified (70.2%) followed by postpartum haemorrahge (58.3%). Platelet count determination was the test mostly used (95.9%) to make a diagnosis of DIC whereas, antithrombin assay was the least (20.6%) requested investigation. While about two-third would monitor the evolution of DIC, a little less than half of the obstetricians would not repeat laboratory testing more than every 2 days, reason mainly (61.8%) due to patient’s financial constraint. Almost three-quarter of them preferred fresh whole blood as the first line of treatment of DIC.
Conclusion: DIC remains a challenge in the obstetrics practice in RLS especially in investigations, monitoring and index of suspicion for non-overt DIC.
Keywords: Investigations; DIC; Obstetrician; diagnosis; treatment.
A comparative analysis on risk of pulmonary hypertension in children with Atrio-ventricular (AV) canal defect: a multi-centre study
Authors: Maduabuchi Chinawa Josephat , Onyinyechi Duru Chika , Tamunosiki Chinawa Awoere , Friday Chukwu Bartholomew 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the risk of pulmonary hypertension in children with AV canal defect when comparedwith children with other congenital heart disease.
Methods: A descriptive study carried out in three institutions over a six-year period among children who presented with AV canal defect and their controls who presented with other congenital heart defects.
Results: A large proportion of the children with AV canal (77.5%) had pulmonary hypertension. Among the patients with pulmonary hypertension, 45.2% were males compared 54.8% females (χ2 = 3.2, p = 0.2). There was a positive correlation between pulmonary hypertension and size of VSD and ASD, although the correlation was not significant (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.01 and 0.4, p = 0.9 and 0.1 respectively). Children with AV canal defect had higher odds of developing most clinical symptoms and pulmonary hypertension than children with other congenital heart disease and this is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Majority of children with AV canal defect presented with pulmonary hypertension. These children present with higher odds of having pulmonary hypertension and clinical symptoms than children with other types of congenital heart disease.
Keywords: AV canal defect; pulmonary hypertension; children; odds.
Knowledge and indulgence in substance abuse among adolescents in Anambra state, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ofiaeli Chioma Ogochukwu , Udigwe Bridget Ifeoma , Ndukwu Ifeyinwa Chizalu , Emelumadu Fidelia Obiageli 
Published: May 2022

Background: Substance abuse is a growing societal problem with adolescents being at increased risk. The few studies in Nigerian adolescents have not factored in their knowledge base with regard to the concept of substance abuse.
Objectives: This study determined the indulgence in and knowledge of substance abuse and associated factors among adolescents.
Methods: This was a questionnaire based study involving 10 to 19year olds recruited from an adolescent summer camp in Anambra state, South-East Nigeria.
Results: The data of 276adolescents was analyzed, male–91, 33%, M: F = 1: 2. Mean age was 16.4 ± 1.4years. 13.8% (38) accepted they had abused substances in the past; 74.3% (205) had the correct knowledge of the meaning of substance abuse; 10.1% (28) admitted taking substances for pleasure. The substances taken included Alcohol (67.9%), Cigarette (25.0%), Tramadol (10.7%), Cocaine (7.1%), among others. Multiple substances were taken 28.6% of the time. Age category had no significant association with the abuse of substances (X2–2.656, p = 0.282). Stratified by age category, gender had a significant association with substance abuse in Late adolescence (n = 11; M–9, 81.8%; F–2, 18.2%; X2 = 6.893, p = 0.016) but not Mid-adolescence (n = 27; M – 10, 37.0%; F – 17, 63.0%; X2 = 0.749, p = 0.500).
Conclusion: An unacceptable proportion of the adolescents were already exposed to substances/drugs in spite of having suboptimal knowledge. Adolescents need to be educated on substance abuse and its dangers in order to curb this in the society.
Keywords: Drug abuse; adolescence; knowledge; Nigeria.
A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study of perceived stigma among Ugandans with epilepsy
Authors: Kaddumukasakaddumark@yahoo.co.uk Mark , Nalubwama Haddy , Blixen Carol , Sewankambo Nelson , Sajatovic Martha , Katabira Elly 
Published: May 2022

Background: Epilepsy is associated with stigma and negatively impacts the lives of people living with epilepsy (PLWE) and their immediate families. More understanding of the stigma and discrimination experienced by PLWE in sub-Saharan Africa is needed.
Methods: In a cross-sectional, mixed methods study, forty- eight PLWE who met the study inclusion criteria were enrolled. In depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted and were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was conducted using a thematic, constant comparative approach with an emphasis on dominant themes. Perceived stigma was measured using the Kilifi epilepsy stigma score. Associations between socio-demographic factors and Kilifi epilepsy stigma score were assessed.
Results: The median age of the study participants was 25 years, with median age (IQR) of epilepsy onset of 12 (6-18) years. The prevalence of high-perceived stigma was 31.9% (15/48). Seizure frequency was associated with high levels of perceived stigma (p-value of 0.038). Psychological abuse, rejections at home, places of employment and schools, poor relationships and intimacy and unmet engagements in social activities were cited as the perceived stigmatizing aspects among PLWE.
Conclusion: In this Ugandan sample perceived stigma remains unacceptably high and interventions to address it are urgently needed in our settings.
Keywords: Epilepsy; Stigma; Uganda.