bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is simple nephrectomy the right nomenclature? - Comparing simple and radical nephrectomy to find the answer
Authors: Keshavamurthy Ramaiah , Gupta Avneet , Manohar C. S. , Karthikeyan V. S. , Singh Vinish K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The word “simple” means “easily done” or “presenting no difficulty.” Hence, the “Simple Nephrectomy” (SN) operation should be “easy to perform.” However, in clinical practice, we have noticed that SN can be equally or more challenging surgery than radical nephrectomy (RN). This study assesses the need to modify the terminology of simple nephrectomy and identify the level of difficulty between SN and RN by comparing various intraoperative and postoperative factors.

Methods:
Patients undergoing open SN for benign renal disease (Group A) and RN for T1/2 renal tumors (Group B) were included in the study. Two groups were compared for operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, blood transfusion rate, and length of hospital stay.

Results:
A total of 114 patients were analyzed (82 in Group A and 32 in Group B). Mean age of the patients was higher in Group B (41.2 vs 53.6 years, P < 0.01). Mean operative time (136.8 vs 125.5 min, P = 0.08), incidence of postoperative complications (32.9% vs 25%, P = 0.50), length of hospital stay (7.2 vs 6.5 days, P = 0.09), estimated blood loss more than 500 ml (13.4% vs 9.3%, P = 0.75), and requirement of blood transfusion (10.9% vs 6.2%, P = 0.72) were higher in group A.

Conclusion:
The application of correct terminology is important to understand the subject and to convey the information. Simple nephrectomy is not an appropriate term as it is equally challenging to perform than its radical counterpart.
Hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 among healthcare workers: Initial experience from India
Authors: Kadnur Harshith B. , Aggarwal Anivita , Soneja Manish , Singh Komal , Mittal Ankit , Nischal Neeraj , Tirlangi Praveen , Khan Adil Rashid , Desai Devashish , Gupta Ankesh , Kumar Arvind , Jorwal Pankaj , Biswas Ashutosh , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Wig Naveet , Guleria Randeep 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) had generated considerable interest for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prophylaxis. We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in India, with dedicated COVID-19 care facilities.

Objectives:
Primary objective was incidence of adverse effects, secondary objective being efficacy in preventing COVID-19.

Methods:
Healthcare workers were recruited and grouped based on voluntary HCQ prophylaxis as per national guidelines. Side effects in HCQ group were graded in accordance with national cancer institute-common terminology criteria for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE) version 5.0. At 3–7-week follow-up, groups were compared for COVID-19 exposure, symptoms development and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR results.

Results:
Among 358 participants recruited, 216 (60.3%) were males and mean age was 31.2 ± 6.6 years. Chemoprophylaxis was initiated by 258 (72%) participants. After loading dose, 7 (2.7%) reported grade 2 and 1 (0.4%) grade 3 adverse effects. Discontinuation of HCQ due to side effects was reported in 11 (4.3%) participants. Electrocardiogram was done by 50 (19.4%) participants on HCQ; no abnormalities were noted. A total of 106 (41%) among those taking and 63 (63%) among those not taking HCQ were tested for SARS-CoV-2 due to influenza-like illness or significant exposure. Among all participants, 25 (6.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–9.6) developed COVID-19 during the study period. In the group taking HCQ, 10 (3.9%) tested positive compared to 15 (15%) in the group not taking HCQ (P < 0.001). Odds ratio with HCQ intake was 0.34 (95% CI 0.13–0.83, P = 0.01) and the number needed to treat was 12.

Conclusion:
HCQ is safe at the recommended dose for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.
Effectiveness of prenatal lactation counseling on breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior among postnatal mothers at a teaching institution
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Vyas Himanshu , Mamta  , Goyal Manu 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Breastfeeding is the best way of providing nutrients to young infants for their healthy growth and development. World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend that breastfeeding should be initiated as early as possible after delivery and exclusive breastfeeding should be continued till 6 months of age. The proper positioning of the baby and mother makes breastfeeding effective. Aim: The study aimed to determine the effect of lactation counseling on breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior among postnatal mothers.

Methods:
A quasi-experiment posttest-only control group research design was used and the setting of the study was antenatal OPD and postnatal ward at a teaching institution. A sample of 60 primigravidae in the age group of 18–35 years with gestational age ≥ 36 weeks seeking antenatal care at antenatal OPD were selected by consecutive sampling technique. The experimental group received two lactation counseling sessions of 30 min each 1 week apart (in person/video call), whereas control group received routine care. Breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn feeding behavior were assessed on the 3rd postnatal day using breastfeeding practices checklist, breast engorgement scale, and newborn feeding behavior assessment tool, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Result:
There was significant improvement in breastfeeding practices (t = 7.18, P = 0.00), breast engorgement (t = 2.41, P = 0.01), and newborn feeding behavior (t = 5.24, P = 0.00) in the experimental group, which proves that the prenatal lactation counseling was effective in improving breastfeeding practices, newborn feeding behavior, and reducing breast engorgement.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that prenatal lactation counseling was effective in improving breastfeeding practices, breast engorgement, and newborn breastfeeding behavior among primigravidae. These findings suggest that if proper lactation counseling is provided to the mothers even at the primary health centers and periphery level it can contribute to improving the breastfeeding practices, newborn feeding behavior and can prevent breast engorgement.
Non-partner sexual violence victimization among female medical undergraduates
Authors: Nandini Singh R. , Prem Shankar , Kshitij Raj , Ravi Shankar , Mohan Majhi M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Sexual violence against women is a major public health problem around the world. Globally, around 7% of women have experienced sexual violence by a non-partner in their lifetime. Women who have experienced sexual violence are more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder, anxiety disorder, high blood pressure, and symptoms of depression. Sexual violence has been the predecessor of poor mental health of a woman and needs to be addressed by primary care physicians.

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of non-partner sexual violence in female medical undergraduates.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 female medical undergraduates over two months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and the WHO violence against women instrument Version 10 was used to assess sexual violence.

Analysis:
Data analyzed using SPSS version 23 (trial version) independent t test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test was applied for inferential purpose.

Results:
Non-partner sexual violence was reported by 8.3% of the students. It was found that in 33.3% of cases, the perpetrators were other male family members, and in 44.4% of cases male friends of the family.

Conclusion:
Such a high prevalence of sexual violence is alarming. It is shocking that even in non-partner sexual violence, the perpetrator is not completely unknown to the victims.
Impact of COVID-19 first wave on the in-hospital length of stay of operated proximal femur fracture patients in an industrial hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Rajak Manoj Kumar , Chaudhary Anil Kumar , Thakur Rajesh 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The objective of this article is to study the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic first wave on the in-hospital length of stay of operated proximal femur fractures.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of data collected through the electronic record system of the hospital, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, was done. The data were collected from the pre-pandemic, early part first wave and later part first wave of COVID-19 pandemic to calculate the average preoperative stay (POS) and total length of stay (LOS) of operated proximal femur fracture patients. Also, a sub-analysis of POS and LOS was done as per age (male/female), sex (<60/≥60 years) and fracture subtype (intertrochanteric, neck of femur and subtrochanteric fracture) of the patients to study if any of these had a significant direct impact on the POS and LOS.

Results:
The LOS and POS were found to be significantly increased during early part of first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic era (13.6 ± 7.7 days vs. 11.1 ± 5.7 days). The later part of the first wave of the pandemic however saw the LOS and POS to return to near pre-pandemic values, although still remaining higher.

Conclusion:
The study highlights that unpreparedness during the early part of the unprecedented pandemic event leads to a significant increase in LOS of operated patients with its associated implications; however, prompt action by the government, hospital administration and hospital staff the LOS could be reduced to near pre-pandemic values in the later part of the first wave of the pandemic. Analysis of the causes that lead to a significant increase in LOS can help for better future management of similar events in future.
Seroprevalence of CoVID-19 among health care professionals (HCPs) of tertiary care hospital of northern state of India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bhota Sakshi , Gupta Garima , Sood Tarun , Kanwal Shweta , Jaryal S. C. , Raina Sunil K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Current study was carried out as per the government of India and Himachal Pradesh guidelines to carry out a serosurvey to assess the extent of COVID-19 infection among health care professionals (HCPs) after 6 months of managing COVID-19 cases.

Methods:
A hospital-based survey was carried out among 1279 conveniently selected HCPs from September 2020 to January 2021.

Results:
The participants had a mean age of 38.3 (±10.4) years, and almost half (47.4%) were ≤35 years of age. A total of 29 (2.3%) were already tested positive for COVID-19 (RT-PCR: 22; Rapid Antigen Test: 7) before the survey, and the overall prevalence of IgG antibody was 12.7% among the participants (Male: 12.8%; Females: 12.5%). The odds were observed significantly high among administrative staff (aOR: 5.09; 95%CI: 1.27–20.33) and participants tested positive of COVID-19 previously (aOR: 28.41; 95%CI: 11.71–69.00).

Conclusion:
HCPs were tested about 6 months after the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state and demonstrated a high and expected level of seroprevalence.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors: A systematic review and quantitative analysis
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Kumar Tarun , Singh Surjit , Ambwani Sneha , Charan Jaykaran , Varthya Shoban B. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) rarely cause euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) in diabetic patients. The aim was to identify demographic, clinical, and predisposing factors for euDKA from published case reports.

Methods:
A systematic review of published case reports of euDKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors and meta-analysis of clinical trials to quantify the risk ratio (RR) of DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for the case reports of and clinical trials from January 2010 to August 2020. Studies published in English language were included and other languages were excluded. Data related to patients’ demography, clinical presentation, drug and dose of SGLT2 inhibitors, and concomitant medication were extracted. Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) extracted from clinical trials. Data related to demographic, clinical, and other parameters presented as ratios and proportions and incidence of DKA in RR using Review Manager 5.3.

Results:
Forty-seven of 160 reports with an aggregate of 77 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients were females (67.53%), with T2DM and with gastrointestinal symptoms (58%). Surgery was the most common precipitating factor (n/N = 15/77). Canagliflozin (n/N = 34/77) was the commonest SGLT2 inhibitor reported along with metformin as the concomitant medication (63.6%). The pooled RR of DKA was 3.70 (95%CI 2.58, 5.29) and I2 = 0%.

Conclusion:
euDKA is commonly seen in middle-aged female, T2DM patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors along with metformin. The risk of DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors increases by 3.7 times than the other medication.
Pleth Variability Index Measured in the Sitting Position before Anesthesia can Predict Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Cesarean Section
Authors: Ozyurt Erhan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section can have devastating effects on the parturient and foetus. This study investigated the ability to predict spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension via the perfusion index and pleth variability index in the sitting position caesarean section.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 46 patients undergoing elective caesarean section in this study and used standard anaesthetic management in all patients. The haemodynamic parameters, perfusion index and pleth variability index of the patients were recorded at specific time points.

Results:
Hypotension occurred in 61.4% of the patients. There was a difference in the pleth variability index values between patients with and without hypotension at baseline as well as in the sitting position and after spinal anaesthesia (P = 0.023, 0.001, and 0.040, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the pleth variability index value of the patients in the sitting position was a predictor of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (area under the curve = 0.780, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.633–0.927, P = 0.001). The cut-off value of the pleth variability index (in the sitting position) for predicting hypotension was 20.5% (sensitivity: 76.5%, specificity: 70.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased pleth variability index in the sitting position before spinal anaesthesia was an independent risk factor of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.98, P = 0.034).

Conclusion:
The pleth variability index in the sitting position before spinal anaesthesia is a useful tool for predicting spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension during caesarean section.
Adrenalectomies
Authors: Osman Wessam , Ahmed Riaz , Al Salmi Issa , Hannawi Suad 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
An increasing number of patients are considered for surgical removal of adrenal tumors, including pheochromocytomas (PCC). This study evaluated the presentation and surgical outcomes of individuals with adrenal tumors including PCC.

Methods:
Data, including histological, radiological, and biochemical, were collected prospectively of all patients operated for adrenal tumors, via the computerized hospital information database, between 2006 and 2018. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA program, using the Student test or Kruskal–Wallis test being used for continuous variables. Chi-squared or Fisher tests were used to compare categorized variables.

Results:
In this study, there were 112 patients, of which 54 were males and 58 females, mean of 32 years, the minimum age of 23 days, and a maximum of 78 years. Hormonally active tumors accounted for 58.51% and inactive hormone was accounted for 41.49%. The mean (SD) of the tumor dimensions was 6.00 (3.82), 5.31 (3.16), and 5.91 (2.93) mm for length, height, and width, respectively. The mean (SD) for the duration of surgery for males was 183 (98.8) and for females was 188 (101.06) min, with a hospital stay of 9.9 (6.86) days for males and 7.11 (6.16) days for females. The most common etiology was neuroblastoma (29.5%), followed by adrenocortical adenoma (16.1%), and 7.1% were PCC.

Conclusion:
Our population may have a slower recovery and more complications after resection of adrenal tumors including PCC. However, most complications may be minor, surgery was equally feasible and may not result in mortality in this vulnerable group of patients. Meticulous preparation for surgery is crucial among our population and particular attention should be focused on maintaining balance between the adrenal disease and comorbidities.
Impact of the Ebola Virus Outbreak on Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in a Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Hogan Kathryn M. , Bangura Henry Saidu , Li Jing , Kamara Mohamed Akmed Salim , Jiang Jiafu , von Fricken Michael E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT.
The impact and disruption of infectious disease outbreaks stretch far beyond their direct death toll, as they often overburden health systems, reduce treatment seeking behaviors, and interrupt treatment regimens. This study examines the impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes at the 34 Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We used retrospective data from 1,085 TB patient outcome data registers to build a multinomial logistic regression model to evaluate the change in TB treatment outcomes before and after the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declaration in August 2014. These results showed that HIV status, patient age, whether patients had active versus latent TB, and the time since the start of the outbreak were significantly associated with TB treatment outcomes. The model showed an increase in probability of unknown and unsuccessful (died or treatment failed) treatment outcomes with each month after the PHEIC declaration, across age groups, TB status, and HIV status.
Light sensors assess solar radiation vs. shade exposure of slick- and wild-type Puerto Rican Holstein cows
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Héctor L. , Domenech-Pérez Katherine 
Published: March 2022

Anecdotal data suggest that slick-haired cows (SLICK) graze under solar radiation longer than their wild type-haired (WT) counterparts. However, to the authors’ knowledge, empirical data regarding the suggestion is scarce. This study aimed to use light sensors (HOBO Pendant MX) to study solar radiation exposure. Sensors (attached to a collar) were validated in 20 Holstein cows rotated from shade (0837 to 0906h) to sunlight (0907 to 0932h) and then back to shade (0933 to 1005h). After validation, sensors were used to compare the differences in solar radiation exposure between 10 SLICK and 10 WT Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and FREQ procedures (SAS). Light intensity was greater under solar radiation than during the first (P<0.01) and second (P<0.01) shade periods (51,026.00±682.25; 2,282.40±647.64 and 1,907.27±626.28 lx, respectively). No differences were observed between shade periods (P=0.62). The SLICK cows spent more time under solar radiation than the WT cows (52.67 vs. 47.33%, respectively; P<0.01). Hair coat type and period interacted (P<0.01), with greater light intensities in SLICK than in WT cows under solar radiation (24,702±106.65 vs. 20,518±98.43 lx, respectively); but no differences were observed under shade (1,856±7.03 and 1,793.2±6.53 lx, respectively). The SLICK cows showed greater exposure time to direct solar radiation than their WT counterparts.
Comparative yield of carcass components of F1 crossbred rabbits sired by a New Zealand Red or a Flemish Giant buck
Authors: Tosado-Martínez Tatiana , Domenech-Pérez Katherine , Sánchez-Rodríguez Héctor L. 
Published: March 2022

La cunicultura mundial se centra en razas cárnicas como la Nueva Zelanda variedad roja (NZR). También existen razas ornamentales como la Gigante de Flandes (GF), que alcanzan gran tamaño adulto. En Europa los cruces F1 entre estas razas han mostrado un excelente rendimiento. El presente estudio comparó el desempeño de conejos de padre NZR (n=seis machos y seis hembras) o GF (n=nueve machos y nueve hembras) y madres Californianas cruzadas. A la edad de 91 a 93 d los conejos se pesaron (peso vivo; PV) y procesaron. Se obtuvieron los pesos de la canal, vísceras, piel, hígado, riñones, pulmones, corazón, patas (delanteras y traseras), lomo y grasa abdominal. Se calcularon los rendimientos de la canal, patas y lomo. Los datos se analizaron mediante Proc GLIMMIX (SAS). No hubo interacción padrote x sexo (P>0.05) ni efecto de sexo (P>0.05). Los conejos hijos del NZR resultaron inferiores a los del GF en PV (P=0.0048) y en los pesos de la canal (P=0.0314), vísceras (P=0.0172), piel (P=0.0004), riñones (P=0.0004), pulmones (P=0.0453) y patas traseras (P=0.0007). En promedio, las diferencias observadas fueron 380.51, 158.76, 80.64, 104.58, 2.40, 1.70 y 0.79 g, respectivamente. Los conejos hijos del padrote NZR mostraron un menor rendimiento (0.79%) en las patas traseras que los del GF (P=0.0181). No hubo diferencias entre padrotes para las demás variables (P>0.05). Los conejos 50% NZR presentaron canales más pequeñas que los de padre GF. Los cruzamientos de raza gigante x raza cárnica se deben considerar para maximizar la producción de conejos en Puerto Rico.
Analisis Disiplin Kerja Sebagai Permediasi Pengaruh Kesehatan Kerja dan Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Papua Cremona di Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Siagian Paschal Greycius 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan Penelitian Ini Adalah: Pertama, Pengaruh positif keselamatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Kedua, Pengaruh positif kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Ketiga, Peran disiplin kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh positif keselamatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. dan Keempat, Peran disiplin kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh positif kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Papua Cremona Di Sorong-Papua Barat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan di PT Papua Cremona di Sorong-Papua Barat yang berjumlah 92 karyawan. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan teknik random sampling, yaitu metode pengambilan sampel yang memberikan kesempatan yang sama untuk diambil kepada setiap elemen populasi dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 karyawan. Metoda pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hipotesis yang diajukan, diuji secara statistik dengan menggunakan Teknik structural equation modelling dengan program SMARTPLS 3.2.7 untuk menguji hubungan keempat variabel. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel keselamatan kerja, kesehatan kerja, dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.