bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericardial effusion among children: Retrospective analysis of the etiology and short‐term outcome in a referral center in the south of Iran
Authors: Mehdizadegan Nima , Mohammadi Hamid , Amoozgar Hamid , Pournajaf Samira , Edraki Mohammad Reza , Naghshzan Amir , Yazdani Mohammad Nima 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe reinvestigated the causes, symptoms, and management of childhood pericardial effusion (PE) and its gradual changes during recent years in a referral pediatric cardiology center in the south of Iran.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the profile of PE patients who were under 18 years old from 2015 to 2020. The patient's demographic, clinical, and paraclinical information was extracted and analyzed using SPSS software.ResultIn general, 150 out of 63,736 admitted patients (0.23% of the total pediatric admissions) were diagnosed with PE (male/female 1:1.17). The median age was 3.25 years (range:\ 2 days to 18 years; interquartile range: 9.5), and 50% of them were under 3 years of age. 32.6% had moderate to severe PE. Most patients presented with acute symptoms (68%) and respiratory problems, as the most common symptoms (30.6%). Tamponade signs were presented in 2% (n = 3) of the patients, and 80.7% (n = 121) were in a stable hemodynamic condition. In total, renal failure (22%) and parapneumonic effusion were the leading etiologies. Viral (7%) and bacterial (5%) pericarditis were the seventh and eighth causes; however, in severe cases, renal failure (22%) and bacterial pericarditis (14%) were dominant. In total, 14.1% (n = 21) of the patients needed pericardiocentesis that increased to 78.3% (n = 18) in severe cases. Only 6% had persistent PE for more than 3 months.ConclusionChildhood PE is mostly a result of renal failure and noninfectious causes. True pericarditis cases are not common, except in severe cases. It is more common in less than 3‐year‐old patients, and chronicity is rare. Severe cases had a high chance of pericardiocentesis, but other cases were mainly managed by treatment of the underlying causes.
Retracted: COVID‐19 mortality and its predictors in the elderly: A systematic review
Authors: Dadras Omid , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Karimi Amirali , Shamsabadi Ahmadreza , Qaderi Kowsar , Ramezani Maryam , Mirghaderi Seyed Peyman , Mahdiabadi Sara , Vahedi Farzin , Saeidi Solmaz , Shojaei Alireza , Mehrtak Mohammad , Azar Shiva A. , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Voltarelli Fabrício A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOlder people have higher rates of comorbidities and may experience more severe inflammatory responses; therefore, are at higher risk of death. Herein, we aimed to systematically review the mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients and its predictors in this age group.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct using relevant keywords. Retrieved records underwent a two‐step screening process consisting of title/abstract and full‐text screenings to identify the eligible studies.ResultsSummarizing findings of 35 studies demonstrated that older patients have higher mortality rates compared to the younger population. A review of articles revealed that increasing age, body mass index, a male gender, dementia, impairment or dependency in daily activities, presence of consolidations on chest X‐ray, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and lower oxygen saturation at admission were risk factors for death. High d‐dimer levels, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D serum deficiencies, high C‐reactive protein (≥5 mg/L) levels plus any other abnormalities of lymphocyte, higher blood urea nitrogen or lactate dehydrogenase, and higher platelet count were predictors of poor prognosis and mortality in the elderly. Studies have also shown that previous treatment with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, pharmacological treatments of respiratory disorders, antibiotics, corticosteroids, vitamin K antagonist, antihistamines, azithromycin, Itolizumab (an anti‐CD6 monoclonal antibody) in combination with other antivirals reduces COVID‐19 worsening and mortality. Vaccination against seasonal influenza might also reduce COVID‐19 mortality.ConclusionOverall, a critical consideration is necessary for the care and management of COVID‐19 in the aged population considering the drastic contrasts in manifestation and prognosis compared to other age groups. Mortality from COVID‐19 is independently associated with the patient's age. Elderly patients with COVID‐19 are more vulnerable to poor outcomes. Thus, strict preventive measures, timely diagnosis, and aggressive therapeutic/nontherapeutic care are of great importance to reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe complications in older people.
Assessment of the maternal death surveillance and response implementation process in Burkina Faso
Authors: Yameogo Wambi M.E. , Nadine Ghilat Paré/Belem W. , Millogo Tieba , Kouanda Seni , Ouédraogo Charlemagne M.R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) implementation process in two health districts in Burkina Faso and identify factors that have affected implementation.MethodsWe conducted a case study in two health districts selected by purposive sampling according to location (rural or urban) during the period 2015–2016. Data gathering consisted of semi‐structured interviews with several health personnel involved in the implementation process.ResultsIdentification and notification of deaths varied depending on the facility. Maternal death review sessions were irregular, and the completion rate was lower in urban areas The community component has not yet been implemented and review of newborn deaths is not yet standard practice. Follow‐up and implementation of the review recommendations were inadequate.ConclusionImplementation of the MDSR system in Burkina Faso remains in progress. Improvements are needed in notification of deaths occurring at community level, monitoring and evaluation, and integration of newborn deaths into the process.
Synergistic effects of fluid shear stress and adhesion morphology on the apoptosis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jiao Fei , Xu Jiayi , Zhao Yang , Ye Chongyang , Sun Qing , Liu Chenglin , Huo Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanical microenvironments, such as characteristics defining mechanical environments and fluid flow play an important role in steering the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the synergistic effect of adhesion morphology and fluid flow on the biological behavior of MSCs is seldom investigated. In this article, 0.5 or 0.8 Pa fluid shear stress (FSS) was applied to the MSCs on micropatterned substrates, and the apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs were measured by double fluorescent staining. Results showed that the cellular adhesion patterns with low circularity and large area are beneficial to the osteogenic differentiation of individual MSCs. Meanwhile, FSS facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, as shown by the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and collagen I. In addition, nuclear transfer of Yes‐associated protein, a transcriptional regulator in MSCs, was enhanced after being exposed to FSS. These results demonstrated the synergistic effects of FSS and adhesion morphology in directing the fate of MSCs, and these effects may be adopted to design bio‐functional substrates for cell transplantation in tissue engineering.
Personal perspective on the work of Edith J. Chu and Jui Hsin Wang, and their influence on my research of the heme‐O2 complex and heme d1
Authors: Chang Chi Kwong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the first half of the 20th century, the best‐known Chinese woman chemist was Professor Edith Ju‐Hwa Chu (朱汝華). In the 1960–1970s, the world's most prestigious Chinese‐born chemist was Jui Hsin Wang (王瑞駪), Eugene Higgins Professor at Yale and later, Einstein Professor at SUNY Buffalo. They both studied under Chao‐Lun Tseng—the founding editor of this journal—and both made important contributions to the field of porphyrin and heme. This review profiles these two chemists, their work, and the challenges they faced, with an emphasis on the circumstances leading to their best‐known accomplishments. The remainder of the article describes two advances—the discovery of reversible O2‐binding heme and the unusual structure of d1 heme—influenced by Chu's and Wang's pioneering work, which became milestones in the author's own research and in this field of study.
Function and regulation of GPX4 in the development and progression of fibrotic disease
Authors: Li Zhaobing , Zhu Zigui , Liu Yulu , Liu Yannan , Zhao Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFibrosis is a common feature of fibrotic diseases that poses a serious threat to global health due to high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. There exist some chemical compounds and biomolecules associated with the development of fibrosis, including cytokines, hormones, and enzymes. Among them, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as a selenoprotein antioxidant enzyme, is widely found in the embryo, testis, brain, liver, heart, and photoreceptor cells. Moreover, it is shown that GPX4 elicits diverse biological functions by suppressing phospholipid hydroperoxide at the expense of decreased glutathione (GSH), including loss of neurons, autophagy, cell repair, inflammation, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, these processes are intimately related to the occurrence of fibrotic disease. Recently, GPX4 has been reported to exhibit a decline in fibrotic disease and inhibit fibrosis, suggesting that alterations of GPX4 can change the course or dictate the outcome of fibrotic disease. In this review, we summarize the role and underlying mechanisms of GPX4 in fibrosis diseases such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and myelofibrosis.
Pituitary Effects of Metformin in Men With Early‐Onset Androgenic Alopecia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMales with early‐onset androgenic alopecia are characterized by elevated androgen levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the presence of this condition modulates the impact of metformin on pituitary hormone production. This study compared 2 groups of young men with prediabetes, matched for age, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity: 23 subjects with early‐onset male‐pattern baldness (group 1) and 25 individuals with normal hair growth (group 2). Throughout the study, both groups were treated with metformin for 6 months. Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, gonadotropins, thyrotropin, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and androgens were determined at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. At entry, luteinizing hormone (LH), the LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were higher in group 1 than in group 2. The effect of metformin on fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and glycated hemoglobin was more pronounced in group 2 than in group 1. Only in group 1, metformin reduced LH levels and the LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio. Metformin did not affect plasma levels of the remaining hormones. In untreated men with androgenic alopecia (group 3, n = 22), glucose homeostasis markers and hormone levels remained similar throughout the study period. The obtained results suggest that the impact of metformin on gonadotroph secretory function is stronger in men with early‐onset androgenic alopecia than in men with normal hair growth. Metformin treatment may protect men with early‐onset androgenic alopecia against the development of gonadotroph hyperplasia and/or focal testicular changes.
Stray capacitances calculation and harmonic measurement of capacitor voltage transformer
Authors: Zhu Tiechao , Shao Zhenguo , Nie Yixiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen the manufacturers produce capacitor voltage transformers (CVT), the function of harmonic measurement is not considered. Therefore, this paper explores methods to solve the problems of harmonic measurement from the perspective of manufacturers. Using the amplitude‐frequency characteristic curve of CVT under no‐load condition and standard environment as the benchmark, the estimation method of stray capacitance parameters in CVT based on CSO algorithm is proposed. Besides, in order to improve the accuracy of harmonic correction of CVT in different operating environments, this paper deeply studies the influence of oil temperature and industrial frequency on internal parameters and harmonic transfer characteristics of CVT. On this basis, this paper proposes a correction method of CVT harmonic transfer characteristic curves under different operating environments based on BP neural network algorithm. Finally, under the actual operating environment, calculating the amplitude‐frequency characteristic curve of CVT by utilizing the actual harmonic voltages at the secondary side of the CVT and RCVT, and comparing it with the amplitude‐frequency characteristic curve of CVT predicted by the BP neural network. The results show that the proposed methods are effective and feasible.
Bacillus aryabhattaiLAD impacts rhizosphere bacterial community structure and promotes maize plant growth
Authors: Deng Chao , Zhang Ning , Liang Xiaolong , Huang Tao , Li Bingxue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria may significantly impact the soil microbial community and the growth of plant roots and have critical roles in soil ecosystem functioning. However, the interactions between rhizobacteria and plants are extremely complicated and remain understudied.RESULTSIn this study, a Bacillus strain was isolated from a long‐term maize colonization soil and identified as Bacillus aryabhattai strain LAD. Laboratory tests showed that B. aryabhattai LAD had phosphate‐solubilizing and nitrogen‐fixing functions that benefit plant growth. The effects of LAD cultures on the root system development of corn seedlings and the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities were studied. The most significant stimulations of LAD culture on plant growth were observed at a cell density of 102 CFU mL−1. Treatment with LAD culture in hydroponics caused an increase of 107%, 197%, and 25% in the shoot length, total root length, and main root thickness respectively. The LAD treatment also significantly affected the rhizosphere microbial abundance and community structure. The rhizobacterial abundance and species richness in the corn seedlings treated with LAD culture were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, the LAD‐treated samples had higher relative abundances of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria like Bacillus and Burkholderia than the control samples did, suggesting that LAD treatment may facilitate the mutualistic relation between the rhizosphere microbiome and the plant.CONCLUSIONThese results collectively demonstrated that LAD is capable of shaping the rhizosphere microbial community structure and functions as a plant growth‐promoting agent, which makes it a strong candidate for application as bio‐fertilizer in agricultural systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers
Authors: Liu Dandan , Saikam Varma , Skrada Katie A. , Merlin Didier , Iyer Suri S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn&#39;s disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
Construction of three‐gene‐based prognostic signature and analysis of immune cells infiltration in children and young adults with B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Xiang Chunli , Wu Jie , Yu Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) patients' survival has been improved dramatically, some cases still relapse. This study aimed to explore the prognosis‐related novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for predicting the overall survival (OS) of children and young adults (CAYAs) with B‐ALL and analyze the immune‐related factors contributing to poor prognosis.MethodsGSE48558 and GSE79533 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and clinical sample information and mRNA‐seq from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database were retrieved. Prognosis‐related key genes were enrolled to build a Cox proportional model using multivariate Cox regression. Five‐year OS of patients, clinical characteristic relevance and clinical independence were assessed based on the model. The mRNA levels of prognosis‐related genes were validated in our samples and the difference of immune cells composition between high‐risk and low‐risk patients were compared.ResultsOne hundred and twelve DEGs between normal B cells and B‐ALL cells were identified based on GSE datasets. They were mainly participated in protein binding and HIF‐1 signaling pathway. One hundred and eighty‐nine clinical samples were enrolled in the study, both Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis showed that CYBB, BCL2A1, IFI30, and EFNB1 were associated with prognosis, CYBB, BCL2A1, and EFNB1 were used to construct prognostic risk model. Moreover, compared to clinical indicators, the three‐gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for CAYAs with B‐ALL. Finally, the mRNA levels of CYBB, BCL2A1, and EFNB1 were significantly lower in B‐ALL group as compared to controls. The high‐risk group had a significantly higher percentage of infiltrated immune cells.ConclusionWe constructed a novel three‐gene signature with independent prognostic factor for predicting 5‐year OS of CAYAs with B‐ALL. Additionally, we discovered the difference of immune cells composition between high‐risk and low‐risk groups. This study may help to customize individual treatment and improve prognosis of CAYAs with B‐ALL.
Development of a new advanced elastoplastic constitutive model that considers soil behavior at small strains. The EPHYSS model
Authors: Castellón Javier , Ledesma Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Elastoplastic Hysteretic Small Strain (EPHYSS) model is an advanced elastoplastic model as a result from the combination of the Hysteretic Quasi‐Hypoelastic (HQH) model that considers strain‐induced anisotropy and can reproduce the nonlinear reversible, hysteretic and dependent on recent history soil behavior, and the Cap‐Cone Hardening Soil Modified (HSMOD) model that can reproduce soil plastic behavior. EPHYSS model uses state variables that define different short and long‐term memory levels which provide it with robustness for the reproduction of soil hysteretic behavior and confers it a great versatility and adaptability to experimental results. It also corrects some inconsistencies of the Hardening Soil with Small Strain Stiffness (HS‐SS) model of Plaxis whose effects can have a considerable influence on the numerical simulations of boundary problems. The performance of EPHYSS and a comparison with the HS‐SS model is presented in some experimental and numerical tests, and in a boundary value problem of a large excavation in Barcelona.
Propagation mechanisms and parametric influence in multiple interacting hydraulic fractures: A 3‐D G/XFEM hydro‐mechanical modeling
Authors: Mukhtar Faisal M. , Shauer Nathan , Duarte C. Armando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing a robust three‐dimensional generalized/eXtended finite element method (G/XFEM) algorithm, this paper presents a comprehensive study on multiple hydraulic fracture propagation and their interactions under different treatment conditions. Aimed at capturing the complex multiphysics behavior, the resulting nonplanar fracture footprints under mixed‐mode conditions are simulated using a formulation, which couples the solid/rock domain equations and the fluid flow within the fractures/crevices. Due to the small length scale of the fracture process zone relative to the surrounding formation size, as typically encountered in tight shale reservoirs, linear elastic fracture mechanics based on a regularized Irwin criterion is adopted to describe the fractured solid/rock response while a power law is used for the fluid flow by assuming a Newtonian fluid behavior. Equipped with the capability for mesh adaptivity and automatic time step search algorithms, the G/XFEM utilized to discretize the resulting system of coupled nonlinear equations allows the adoption of independent meshes for the background solid domain and the fracture surfaces without any matching/compatibility requirement between the two. Fracture propagation directions are decided based on the modes I, II, and III stress intensity factors that are extracted using the displacement correlation method. The presented model is first applied to a pair of misaligned fractures and then to an array of en échelon fractures for qualitative verification against a literature prediction by the boundary element method (BEM) and an observed field behavior, respectively. Next, simulation of several sets and configurations of multiple hydraulic fractures, resulting in a total of 23 parametric studies, are carried out to investigate the influences of fracture spacing, injection fluid viscosity, number of fracture clusters, and the type of remote stress conditions.
The barriers to regulating the online world: Insights from UK debates on online political advertising
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Zhu Junyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnline political advertising has grown rapidly over the last two decades and played an important role in campaigns and elections. Arising with it are concerns around issues such as data privacy and transparency, which have sparked calls for regulation. Whilst change has begun to be implemented, in many contexts moves to regulate online political advertising have been limited. In this article, we explore one such case, asking whether attempts to regulate have been hindered by the particular characteristics of digital technology or by wider political factors. Presenting new interview data examining the experiences and perceptions of regulators, policy makers, civil servants, civil society groups and academics in the United Kingdom, we distil three barriers: political reticence, logistical challenges and conflicting policy proposals. Our findings suggest that efforts to regulate online phenomena need to apply a media and politics‐centric lens, considering how the technological traits of digital media and political factors can affect efforts to regulate.