bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercountry adoption of children with complex health conditions and disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Roach Audrey , Sherburne Eileen , Snethen Julia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe rate of children with complex health conditions or disabilities who are intercountry adopted (ICA) is increasing. These children have unique physical, developmental, and psychological needs that must be addressed as they integrate into adoptive families. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify considerations nurses must recognize when caring for children with complex health conditions or disabilities who are ICA and their families.Design and MethodsA systematic literature review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ERIC) located 365 articles about intercountry adoption and complex health conditions or disability. Articles that were non‐English language, focused on attachment disorder or infectious disease, book chapters, dissertations, or case studies were excluded. Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria and informed this review.ResultsThe systematic review identified eight themes: primary care resources, interdisciplinary care teams, cost, developmental difficulties, nutritional challenges, mental health issues, parental need for knowledge, and parental need for support. These themes correspond to nursing assessments that should be conducted during clinic visits for children with complex health conditions or disabilities who are ICA.Practice ImplicationsThis systematic review demonstrates that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address the needs of the child diagnosed with a complex health condition or disability and their family in the context of intercountry adoption. Children with a complex health condition or disability who are ICA have unique needs and require individualized care planning to maximize growth and developmental potential. Adoption is a life‐long process and adjustment is complicated by the medical needs that children with complex health conditions or disabilities experience. Parents will benefit from additional support and education as they integrate a new family member while also learning about the medical care needs of a child with a complex health condition or disability.
Treatment patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child–Pugh class B and their impact on survival: A Korean nationwide registry study
Authors: Jeon Dongsub , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Han Chu , Shim Ju Hyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are no established practice guidelines for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) class B liver function. To evaluate the impact of various initial treatment modalities on these patients, we conducted a nationwide registry study in Korea.Materials and MethodsTreatment patterns and overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC and CTP class B according to initial treatment modalities in each Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were analysed using data from the Korean Primary Liver Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2016. Initial treatment modalities were categorized as standard, alternative treatment and supportive care only, referring to the 2018 BCLC guidelines, irrespective of liver function.ResultsOf the 2318 newly diagnosed Korean patients with HCC and CTP class B, 29.7%, 60.3% and 15.6% of patients in BCLC stages A, B and C, respectively, underwent standard treatment. Adjusted OS hazard ratios of alternative treatment referring to standard treatment were 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.94; p < .001) in BCLC‐A, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.43–1.56; p = .550) for curative alternative treatment, 1.89 (95% CI, 0.97–3.68; p = .059) for non‐curative alternative treatment in BCLC‐B, 0.40 (95% CI, 0.28–0.56; p < .001) for curative alternative treatment, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69–1.02; p = .076) for non‐curative alternative treatment for BCLC–C.ConclusionRegardless of BCLC stages, chemoembolization was conducted the most among patients with CTP class B. Treatment in line with the BCLC treatment algorithm resulted in favourable OS outcomes, except for those with BCLC stage C, as systemic therapy showed poor OS.
How workplace‐based assessments guide learning in postgraduate education: A scoping review
Authors: Martin Leslie , Blissett Sarah , Johnston Bronte , Tsang Michael , Gauthier Stephen , Ahmed Zeeshan , Sibbald Matthew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionCompetency‐based medical education (CBME) led to the widespread adoption of workplace‐based assessment (WBA) with the promise of achieving assessment for learning. Despite this, studies have illustrated tensions between the summative and formative role of WBA which undermine learning goals. Models of workplace‐based learning (WBL) provide insight, however, these models excluded WBA. This scoping review synthesizes the primary literature addressing the role of WBA to guide learning in postgraduate medical education, with the goal of identifying gaps to address in future studies.MethodsThe search was applied to OVID Medline, Web of Science, ERIC and CINAHL databases, articles up to September 2020 were included. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, followed by a full text review. Two members independently extracted and analysed quantitative and qualitative data using a descriptive‐analytic technique rooted in Billett's four premises of WBL. Themes were synthesized and discussed until consensus.ResultsAll 33 papers focused on the perception of learning through WBA. The majority applied qualitative methodology (70%), and 12 studies (36%) made explicit reference to theory. Aligning with Billett's first premise, results reinforce that learning always occurs in the workplace. WBA helped guide learning goals and enhanced feedback frequency and specificity. Billett's remaining premises provided an important lens to understand how tensions that existed in WBL have been exacerbated with frequent WBA. As individuals engage in both work and WBA, they are slowly transforming the workplace. Culture and context frame individual experiences and the perceived authenticity of WBA. Finally, individuals will have different goals, and learn different things, from the same experience.ConclusionAnalysing WBA literature through the lens of WBL theory allows us to reframe previously described tensions. We propose that future studies attend to learning theory, and demonstrate alignment with philosophical position, to advance our understanding of assessment‐for‐learning in the workplace.
FlrA‐independent production of flagellar proteins is required for proper flagellation in Shewanella putrefaciens
Authors: Schwan Meike , Khaledi Ariane , Willger Sven , Papenfort Kai , Glatter Timo , Häußler Susanne , Thormann Kai M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlagella are multiprotein complexes whose assembly and positioning require complex spatiotemporal control. Flagellar assembly is thought to be controlled by several transcriptional tiers, which are mediated through various master regulators. Here, we revisited the regulation of flagellar genes in polarly flagellated gammaproteobacteria by the regulators FlrA, RpoN (σ54) and FliA (σ28) in Shewanella putrefaciens CN‐32 at the transcript and protein level. We found that a number of regulatory and structural proteins were present in the absence of the main regulators, suggesting that initiation of flagella assembly and motor activation relies on the abundance control of only a few structural key components that are required for the formation of the MS‐ and C‐ring and the flagellar type III secretion system. We identified FlrA‐independent promoters driving expression of the regulators of flagellar number and positioning, FlhF and FlhG. Reduction of the gene expression levels from these promoters resulted in the emergence of hyperflagellation. This finding indicates that basal expression is required to adjust the flagellar counter in Shewanella. This is adding a deeper layer to the regulation of flagellar synthesis and assembly.
National identity deconstruction: Revisiting the debate on Chinese nationalism via Hong Kong nationalism
Authors: Carrico Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat is Chinese nationalism? Is nationalism the most effective framework for understanding how people in China are making sense of the world today? These are among the questions raised by Allen Carlson in his 2009 article ‘A flawed perspective: the limitations inherent within the study of Chinese nationalism’, which developed a provocative critique of decades of scholarship. Acknowledging the insights of Carlton's questions while disagreeing with his proposed conceptual shift towards national identity construction, I propose a further shift towards national identity deconstruction. In doing so, I combine the political insights of Hong Kong nationalists with the theoretical insights of deconstruction. This shift redirects the study of Chinese nationalism away from an abstract conceptualisation of nationalism to a more precise definition of the phenomena under study, as well as moving the debate on potential impacts away from international relations to consideration of the complex dynamics of China's ethnic politics. New definitions of both nationalism and minzu (of minzu zhuyi) are developed, reconceptualising the phenomena heretofore known as ‘Chinese nationalism’ as external symptoms of underlying tensions between conflicting identity narratives. In conclusion, the practical implications of this reconceptualisation are considered, exploring potential future paths for the People's Republic of China.
Saturated fats, dairy foods and cardiovascular health: No longer a curious paradox?
Authors: Givens David Ian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death and morbidity in many parts of the world, and many dietary guidelines limit the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) as they are regarded as an important risk factor for CVDs due to their association with increased blood cholesterol. Dairy foods are often a major contributor to dietary intake of SFA, and since many dietary guidelines contain restrictions on SFA intake, this can lead to a moderation of dairy food intake despite meta‐analyses generally showing dairy to have a neutral or negative association with CVDs. Many prospective studies and randomised controlled trials do not support a simple positive association between SFA intake and the risk of atherosclerotic CVD and its components although some early studies had a number of methodological weakness. Studies that included blood cholesterol data do broadly support the positive relationship between SFA and blood low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) but without increased CVD risk resulting, despite LDL being a causal factor in atherosclerotic CVD. These data suggest that LDL‐C alone is not a consistently good predictor or cause of CVD risk, perhaps particularly in relation to dairy food consumption although some non‐dairy food studies have also shown LDL‐C reduction was not reflected in reduced CVD risk. This narrative review examines some reasons for these findings. Overall, restrictions on dairy food intake do not seem warranted, although there remains a need to further understand the association of different dairy food types with chronic diseases, perhaps particularly for type 2 diabetes.
SEC1‐C3H39 module fine‐tunes cold tolerance by mediating its target mRNA degradation in tomato
Authors: Xu Jin , Huang Zelan , Du Hongyu , Tang Mingjia , Fan Pengxiang , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Plants adapt to cold stress at the physiological and biochemical levels, thus enabling them to maintain growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism of fine‐tuning cold signals remains largely unknown.

We addressed the function of SlSEC1–SlC3H39 module in cold tolerance by using SlSEC1 and SlC3H39 knockout and overexpression tomato lines.

A tandem CCCH zinc‐finger protein SlC3H39 negatively modulates cold tolerance in tomato. SlC3H39 binds to AU‐rich elements in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) to induce mRNA degradation and regulates gene expression post‐transcriptionally. We further validate that SlC3H39 participates in post‐transcriptional regulation of a variety of cold‐responsive genes. An O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine transferase SlSEC1 physically interacts with SlC3H39 proteins and negatively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. Further study shows that SlSEC1 is essential for SlC3H39 protein stability and maintains SlC3H39 function in cold tolerance. Genetic analysis shows that SlC3H39 is epistatic to SlSEC1 in cold tolerance.

The findings indicate that SlC3H39 negatively modulates plant cold tolerance through post‐transcriptional regulation by binding to cold‐responding mRNA 3′‐UTR and reducing those transcripts. SlSEC1 promotes the O‐GlcNAclation status of SlC3H39 and maintains SlC3H39 function in cold tolerance. Taken together, we propose a SlSEC1–SlC3H39 module, which allows plants to balance defense responses and growth processes.
Nematodes and their bacterial prey improve phosphorus acquisition by wheat
Authors: Jiang Ying , Wang Zhonghua , Liu Ye , Han Yanlai , Wang Yi , Wang Qiang , Liu Ting 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPlant growth is greatly influenced by the rhizosphere microbiome, which has been traditionally investigated from a bottom‐up perspective assessing how resources such as root exudates stimulate microbial growth and drive microbiome assembly. However, the importance of predation as top‐down force on the soil microbiome remains largely underestimated.Here, we planted wheat both in natural and in sterilized soils inoculated with the key microbiome predators – bacterivorous nematodes – to assess how plant performance responds to top‐down predation of the soil microbiome and specific plant growth‐promoting bacteria, namely phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria.We found that nematodes enriched certain groups (e.g. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes) and strengthened microbial connectance (e.g. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria). These changes in microbiome structure were associated with phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria that facilitated phosphorus (P) cycling, leading to greater P uptake and biomass of wheat in both soils. However, the enhancement varied between nematode species, which may be attributed to the divergence of feeding behavior, as nematodes with weaker grazing intensity supported greater abundance of phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria and better plant performance compared with nematodes with greater grazing intensity.These results confirmed the ecological importance of soil nematodes for ecosystem functions via microbial co‐occurrence networks and suggested that the predation strength of nematodes determines the soil bacteria contribution to P biogeochemical cycling and plant growth.
Root architecture plasticity in response to endoparasitic cyst nematodes is mediated by damage signaling
Authors: Guarneri Nina , Willig Jaap‐Jan , Sterken Mark G. , Zhou Wenkun , Hasan M. Shamim , Sharon Letia , Grundler Florian M. W. , Willemsen Viola , Goverse Aska , Smant Geert , Lozano‐Torres Jose L. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Plant root architecture plasticity in response to biotic stresses has not been thoroughly investigated. Infection by endoparasitic cyst nematodes induces root architectural changes that involve the formation of secondary roots at infection sites. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating secondary root formation in response to cyst nematode infection remain largely unknown.

We first assessed whether secondary roots form in a nematode density‐dependent manner by challenging wild‐type Arabidopsis plants with increasing numbers of cyst nematodes (Heterodera schachtii). Next, using jasmonate‐related reporter lines and knockout mutants, we tested whether tissue damage by nematodes triggers jasmonate‐dependent secondary root formation. Finally, we verified whether damage‐induced secondary root formation depends on local auxin biosynthesis at nematode infection sites.

Intracellular host invasion by H. schachtii triggers a transient local increase in jasmonates, which activates the expression of ERF109 in a COI1‐dependent manner. Knockout mutations in COI1 and ERF109 disrupt the nematode density‐dependent increase in secondary roots observed in wild‐type plants. Furthermore, ERF109 regulates secondary root formation upon H. schachtii infection via local auxin biosynthesis.

Host invasion by H. schachtii triggers secondary root formation via the damage‐induced jasmonate‐dependent ERF109 pathway. This points at a novel mechanism underlying plant root plasticity in response to biotic stress.
Leaf physiology variations are modulated by natural variations that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus
Authors: Li Lianzheng , Jin Zhuoying , Huang Rui , Zhou Jiaxuan , Song Fangyuan , Yao Liangchen , Li Peng , Lu Wenjie , Xiao Liang , Quan Mingyang , Zhang Deqiang , Du Qingzhang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStomata are essential for photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we used multiomics approaches to dissect the genetic architecture and adaptive mechanisms that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus tomentosa juvenile natural population (303 accessions). We detected 46 candidate genes and 15 epistatic gene‐pairs, associated with 5 stomatal morphologies and 18 leaf development and photosynthesis traits, through genome‐wide association studies. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that stomata‐associated gene loci were significantly associated with the expression of leaf‐related genes; selective sweep analysis uncovered significant differentiation in the allele frequencies of genes that underlie stomatal variations. An allelic regulatory network operating under drought stress and adequate precipitation conditions, with three key regulators (DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2) and eight interacting genes, was identified that might regulate leaf physiology via modulation of stomatal shape and density. Validation of candidate gene variations in drought‐tolerant and F1 hybrid populations of P. tomentosa showed that the DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2 loci cause functional stabilisation of spatiotemporal regulatory, whose favourable alleles can be faithfully transmitted to offspring. This study provides insights concerning leaf physiology and stress tolerance via the regulation of stomatal determination in perennial plants.
Virtual cardiac fitness training in pediatric heart transplant patients: A pilot study
Authors: Ziebell Daniel , Stark Megan , Xiang Yijin , Mckane Megan , Mao Chad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac fitness training in pediatric heart transplant recipients can improve functional capacity. Widespread implementation has been limited mostly due to logistical constraints, specifically related to travel. The aim of this study was to implement and assess a virtual cardiac fitness program for pediatric heart transplant patients.MethodsParticipants were between the age of 10 and 20 years old. All subjects completed an initial 6MWT, strength/flexibility assessment, and QOL assessment with the PROMIS measurement. Participants then underwent a 16‐week intervention with exercise sessions twice weekly for 30 min with a trained exercise physiologist over a virtual platform. At the end of the intervention period, participants repeated a 6MWT, strength/flexibility assessment, and PROMIS measurement. Throughout the study, patients wore a FitBit accelerometer to monitor daily activity levels.ResultsThirteen individuals were enrolled. Mean age was 15.4 years (SD =3.4) with a mean post‐transplant period of 9.7 years (SD = 4.3). Session attendance was 83%. Post‐intervention measurements showed improvements in 6MWT (median, +21 m, p = .02), push‐up repetitions (median, +5 rep, p = .0005), wall‐sit duration (median, +10 s, p = .001), plank duration (median, +9 s, p = .03), sit‐up repetitions (median, +7 rep, p = .002), and sit and reach distance (median, +5 cm, p = .04). PROMIS measurement showed significant improvements in self‐reported fatigue (Δz‐score, −7.7, p = .008) and sleep impairment (Δz‐score, −5.9, p = .002). Average daily step count increased 1464 steps per day per patient (p = .008).ConclusionWe have demonstrated the successful implementation of a virtual cardiac fitness with excellent adherence and improvement in physical fitness and QOL metrics.
Objectivity in feminist epistemology
Authors: Toole Briana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt used to be that the touchstone of objectivity was the elimination of subjective features, like our values, biases, assumptions, and so on. Part of what motivates this narrow conception of objectivity is the thought that objective reality is the way that it is regardless of our relationship to it, and that our ability to accurately describe or depict this reality is distorted by this relationship. But what if that understanding is wrong, and removing these features takes us farther away from truth and knowledge, rather than closer to them? This is the claim I advance. In this article, I trace this narrow conception to its political origins, and advance a broader understanding of objectivity that reimagines a new use for, rather than ignoring entirely, features that are thought to be subjective.
Deep Disagreement (Part 2): Epistemology of Deep Disagreement
Authors: Ranalli Chris , Lagewaard Thirza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat is the epistemological significance of deep disagreement? Part I explored the nature of deep disagreement, while Part II considers its epistemological significance. It focuses on two core problems: the incommensurability and the rational resolvability problems. We critically survey key responses to these challenges, before raising worries for a variety of responses to them, including skeptical, relativist, and absolutist responses to the incommensurability problem, and to certain steadfast and conciliatory responses to the rational resolvability problem. We then pivot to the ethical and political dimensions of deep disagreement. We focus on whether an unwillingness to engage with positions one considers to be immoral or repugnant might be good, and conclude with some reflections on the moral risks of engagement.
Socio‐functional foundations in science: The case of measurement
Authors: Khalifa Kareem , Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a novel kind of “socio‐functional” foundationalism rooted in the division of scientific labor. Our foundationalism is social in that it involves a socio‐epistemic phenomenon we dub epistemic outsourcing, whereby claims from one group of scientists provide epistemological foundations for another group of scientists. We argue that: (1) epistemic outsourcing results in a legitimate form of epistemic foundationalism, (2) this sort of foundationalism can be used to shed light on the epistemology of measurement; and (3) epistemic outsourcing is a distinctively collective epistemic phenomenon.