bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth promotion and protective potentials of leaf infusions of Parkia biglobosa, Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina on Abelmoschus esculentus seeds
Authors: Akpor Oghenerobor B. , Maxwell Marvellous-Mercy , Evbuomwan Ikponmwosa O. , Olaolu Tomilola D. , Adeyonu Abigail G. , Osemwegie Omorefosa O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe germinability and protective potential of leaf infusion of Parkia biglobosa, Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds against infections simulated with suspended cells of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and Penicillium sp. were examined. Prior to planting, the okra seeds were first surface-sterilized in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution before steeping in known concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) of the respective leaf infusions for a known duration. Seven of the steeped seeds were planted in plastic transparent containers, incubated for 7 days under light, and observed daily. Germination index, germination rate, germination time, and vigor index were calculated for each treatment, using standard procedures. The effective concentrations of the infusions of V. amygdalina, P. biglobosa and M. oleifera were 40, 40, and 60% respectively. Optimum steeping durations in leaf infusions were 1, 5, and 6 h, for P. biglobosa, M. oleifera and V. amygdalina, respectively. All the leaf infusions were observed to protect the okra seeds against infections with the test organisms. Furthermore, seeds steeped in the respective leaf infusions showed remarkably higher germinability potential than the control seeds steeped in water. The study confirmed that the leaf infusions may be attractive as economic alternatives for seed priming and protection.
Topographical biointerface regulating cellular functions for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Zhang Rui , Mao Zhixiang , Fang Ju , Ren Fuzeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe physiochemical properties of the implant interface significantly influence cell growth, differentiation, cellular matrix deposition, and mineralisation, and eventually, determine the bone regeneration efficiency. Cells directly sense and respond to the physical, chemical, and mechanical cues of the implant surface, and it is increasingly recognized that surface topography can evoke specific cellular responses, conferring biological functions on substrate materials and regulating tissue regeneration. Current progress towards the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the cell and topographical surface has been made by combined advance in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Particularly, the precise fabrication and control of nano/microscale topographies can provide the fundamental knowledge of the mechanotransduction process that governs the cellular response as well as the knowledge of how the specific features drive cells towards a defined differentiation outcome. In this review, we first introduce common techniques and substrate materials for designing and fabricating micro/nano‐topographical surfaces for bone regeneration. We then illustrate the intrinsic relationship of topological cues, cellular signal transduction, and cell functions and fates in osteogenic differentiation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the future of using topological cues as a cell therapy to direct bone tissue regeneration.
Improving the area of harmonic pollution and vulnerability to voltage sag for compatible and reliable operation of sensitive harmonic loads
Authors: Shakeri Sina , Khajouei Javad , Esmaeili Saeid , Koochi Mohammad Hossein Rezaeian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, sensitive harmonic loads (SHLs) are being increasingly used in the industrial sector. SHLs generate harmonics and may become disconnected from the network when voltage sags occur at the point of common coupling (PCC). Here, a new approach is proposed to reduce harmonics distortion and establish a more reliable annual operation of SHLs by reducing the area of pollution (AOP) with harmonic and the area of vulnerability (AOV) to voltage sag, respectively. The proposed approach includes an innovative optimization problem for planning passive harmonic filters which is solved by the Non‐dominant Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) on the basis of historical data of the industrial power grid. By doing so, a solution is obtained in which the costs of passive harmonic filters and financial costs due to grid losses and voltage sags are minimized. In order to assess the new proposed approach, an Iranian large copper mine electrical network equipped with SHLs is used. Results of using the new approach show that total harmonic distortion and grid losses decrease by nearly 80% and 15%, respectively and also, the voltage value at the PCC is improved which can assure the secure operation of SHLs. Moreover, decreased financial losses is obtained since voltage sags are reduced by 65%.
Design and experiments of isolated gate driver using discrete devices for silicon carbide MOSFET
Authors: Jiang Dong , Wang Hanxiang , Wang Ruodong , Liu Zicheng , Liu Yongjiang , Lin Zhenjun , Wan Weiwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high temperature (HT) characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) devices enable power electronic converters to operate at higher ambient temperature, and the importance of HT isolated gate drivers is becoming increasingly significant. Compared with the complex silicon on insulator (SOI) HT chips and normal silicon (Si) ICs, the Si‐based discrete devices can well balance the temperature capability and design cost. A feasible isolated gate driver design method is proposed in this paper by using discrete MOSFETs, discrete BJTs and other passive components with consideration of cost and can be with less leakage current than normal integrated circuits. The function of gate driver includes signal isolation and signal amplification. In the signal isolation part, a CMOS‐based isolation circuit is proposed with its merits. In the signal amplification part, normal topologies are improved to get better efficiency and high‐speed capability. SiC power module‐based double pulse test is used to verify the switching performance, and experiments are done to verify the continuous operating capability. The main factors which affect the performance of the proposed isolated gate driver are summarized. This technology provides a novel solution for SiC MOSFET gate driver in HT environment.
The structure of jets launched from post-AGB binary systems
Authors: Bollen D. , Kamath D. , Van Winckel H. , De Marco O. , Verhamme O. , Kluska J. , Wardle M. 
Published: August 2022

Context. In this paper, we focus on post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binaries and study the interaction between the different components of these complex systems. These components comprise the post-AGB primary, a main sequence secondary, a circumbinary disk, as well as a fast bipolar outflow (jet) launched by the companion. We obtained well-sampled time series of high resolution optical spectra over the last decade and these spectra provide the basis of our study.
Aims. We aim to use the time-series data to quantify the velocity and density structure of the jets in nine of these post-AGB binaries. This complements our earlier work and this amounts to the analyses of 16 jet-launching systems in total.
Methods. The jet is detected in absorption, at superior conjunction, when the line of sight towards the primary goes through the bipolar cone. Our spectral time series scan the jets during orbital motion. Our spatio-kinematic model is constrained by these dynamical spectra. We complement this with a radiative-transfer model in which the Balmer series are used to derive total mass-loss rates in the jets.
Results. The jets are found to be wide (> 30°) and display an angle-dependent density structure with a dense and slower outer region near the jet cone and a fast inner part along the jet symmetry axes. The deprojected outflow velocities confirm that the companions are main sequence companions. The total mass-loss rates are large (10−8 − 10−5 M⊙ yr−1), from which we can infer that the mass-accretion rates onto the companion star must be high as well. The circumbinary disk is likely the main source for the accretion disk around the companion. All systems with full disks that start near the sublimation radius show jets, whereas for systems with evolved transition disks this lowers to a detection rate of 50%. Objects without an infrared excess do not show jets.
Conclusions. We conclude that jet creation in post-AGB binaries is a mainstream process. Our geometric spatio-kinematic model is versatile enough to model the variety of spectral time series. The interaction between the circumbinary disks and the central binary provide the needed accretion flow, but the presence of a circumbinary disk does not seem to be the only prerequisite to launch a jet.
Characterising the Apertif primary beam response
Authors: Dénes H. , Hess K. M. , Adams E. A. K. , Kutkin A. , Morganti R. , van der Hulst J. M. , Oosterloo T. A. , Moss V. A. , Adebahr B. , de Blok W. J. G. , Ivashina M. V. , Coolen A. H. W. M. , Damstra S. , Hut B. , Loose G. M. , Lucero D. M. , Maan Y. , Mika Á. , Norden M. J. , Oostrum L. C. , Pisano D. J. , Smits R. , van Cappellen W. A. , van den Brink R. , van der Schuur D. , van Diepen G. N. J. , van Leeuwen J. , Vohl D. , Wijnholds S. J. , Ziemke J. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Phased array feeds (PAFs) are multi-element receivers in the focal plane of a telescope that make it possible to simultaneously form multiple beams on the sky by combining the complex gains of the individual antenna elements. Recently, the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) was upgraded with PAF receivers to carry out several observing programs, including two imaging surveys and a time-domain survey. The Apertif imaging surveys use a configuration of 40 partially overlapping compound beams (CBs) simultaneously formed on the sky and arranged in an approximately rectangular shape.
Aims. This work is aimed at characterising the response of the 40 Apertif CBs to create frequency-resolved I, XX, and YY polarization empirical beam shapes. The measured CB maps can be used for the image deconvolution, primary beam correction, and mosaicking processes of Apertif imaging data.
Methods. We used drift scan measurements to measure the response of each of the 40 Apertif CBs. We derived beam maps for all individual beams in I, XX, and YY polarisation in 10 or 18 frequency bins over the same bandwidth as the Apertif imaging surveys. We sampled the main lobe of the beams and the side lobes up to a radius of 0.6 degrees from the beam centres. In addition, we derived beam maps for each individual WSRT dish.
Results. We present the frequency and time dependence of the beam shapes and sizes. We compared the compound beam shapes derived with the drift scan method to beam shapes derived with an independent method using a Gaussian Process Regression comparison between the Apertif continuum images and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) catalogue. We find a good agreement between the beam shapes derived with the two independent methods.
Transmission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 b
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Snellen Ignas A. G. , Wyttenbach Aurèlien , Nielsen Louise D. , Lendl Monika , Casasayas-Barris Núria , Chaverot Guillaume , Kesseli Aurora Y. , Lovis Christophe , Pepe Francesco A. , Psaridi Angelica , Seidel Julia V. , Udry Stéphane , Ulmer-Moll Solène 
Published: August 2022

Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs), rendering the hottest planetary atmospheres, offer great opportunities of detailed characterisation with high-resolution spectroscopy. MASCARA-4 b is a recently discovered close-in gas giant belonging to this category.
Aims. We aim to characterise MASCARA-4 b, search for chemical species in its atmosphere, and put these in the context of the growing knowledge on the atmospheric properties of UHJs.
Methods. In order to refine system and planet parameters, we carried out radial velocity measurements and transit photometry with the CORALIE spectrograph and EulerCam at the Swiss 1.2 m Euler telescope. We observed two transits of MASCARA-4 b with the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO at ESO’s Very Large Telescope. We searched for atomic, ionic, and molecular species via individual absorption lines and cross-correlation techniques. These results are compared to literature studies on UHJs characterised to date.
Results. With CORALIE and EulerCam observations, we update the mass of MASCARA-4 b (Mp = 1.675 ± 0.241 MJup) as well as other system and planet parameters. In the transmission spectrum derived from ESPRESSO observations, we resolve excess absorption by Hα, Hβ, NaI D1&D2, CaII H&K, and a few strong lines of MgI, FeI, and FeII. We also present the cross-correlation detection of Mg I, CaI, Cr I, Fe I, and Fe II. The absorption strength of Fe II significantly exceeds the prediction from a hydrostatic atmospheric model, as commonly observed in other UHJs. We attribute this to the presence of Fe II in the exosphere due to hydrodynamic outflows. This is further supported by the positive correlation of absorption strengths of Fe II with the Hα line, which is expected to probe the extended upper atmosphere and the mass loss process. Comparing transmission signatures of various species in the UHJ population allows us to disentangle the hydrostatic regime (as traced via the absorption by Mg I and Fe I) from the exospheres (as probed by Hα and Fe II) of the strongly irradiated atmospheres.
Simulation view of galaxy clusters with low X-ray surface brightness
Authors: Ragagnin A. , Andreon S. , Puddu E. 
Published: August 2022

Context. X-ray selected samples are known to miss galaxy clusters that are gas poor and have a low surface brightness. This is different for the optically selected samples such as the X-ray Unbiased Selected Sample (XUCS).
Aims. We characterise the origin of galaxy clusters that are gas poor and have a low surface-brightness by studying covariances between various cluster properties at fixed mass using hydrodynamic cosmological simulations.
Methods. We extracted ≈1800 galaxy clusters from a high-resolution Magneticum hydrodynamic cosmological simulation and computed covariances at fixed mass of the following properties: core-excised X-ray luminosity, gas fraction, hot gas temperature, formation redshift, matter density profile concentration, galaxy richness, fossilness parameter, and stellar mass of the bright central galaxy. We also compared the correlation between concentration and gas fractions in non-radiative simulations, and we followed the trajectories of particles inside galaxy clusters to assess the role of AGN depletion on the gas fraction.
Results. In simulations and in observational data, differences in surface brightness are related to differences in gas fraction. Simulations show that the gas fraction strongly correlates with assembly time, in the sense that older clusters are gas poor. Clusters that formed earlier have lower gas fractions because the feedback of the active galactic nucleus ejected a significant amount of gas from the halo. When the X-ray luminosity is corrected for the gas fraction, it shows little or no covariance with other quantities.
Conclusions. Older galaxy clusters tend to be gas poor and possess a low X-ray surface brightness because the feedback mechanism removes a significant fraction of gas from these objects. Moreover, we found that most of the LX covariance with the other quantities is explained by differences in the gas fraction.
MiR-30a-3p Targeting FLT1 Modulates Trophoblast Cell Proliferation in
the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
Authors: Wang Yuping , Wang Lanlan , Yu Xiaoyan , Gong Wenwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) may pose significant adverse effects on pregnant women.
Dysregulation of angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion, and proliferation are known
to be associated with PE development and progression. Fms related tyrosine
kinase 1 (FLT1), an anti-angiogenic factor, is consistently upregulated in PE
patients. Recent papers highlight that aberrant miR-30a-3p expression
contributes to PE development. More effects are needed to assess the biological
function of placental miR-30a-3p in PE. The soluble FLT1 (sFLT1) and FLT1 levels
were tested by ELISA assay and Western blotting assay. mRNA levels were measured
by RT-qPCR assay. Colony formation and MTT assays were applied to assess the
effect of miR-30a-3p on trophoblast cell proliferation. The serum sFLT1 and
placental FLT1 levels were substantially high in patients with PE. Using miRNA
microarray assay, we identified miR-30a-3p upregulation in PE patients’
placenta tissues. We further confirmed that miR-30a-3p binds to the
3′-UTR of FLT1 gene and positively regulate its expression. Forcing
miR-30a-3p expression inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and vice versa.
In conclusion, persistent high levels of FLT1 and miR-30a-3p may pose adverse
effects on angiogenesis and trophoblast proliferation in placenta of PE
patients. Therefore, targeting FLT1 and miR-30a-3p may serve as ideal strategies
for managing patients with PE.
Primäre Papillentumoren – Fallserie und Literaturüberblick
Authors: Leclaire Martin Dominik , Schatten Hannah , Biermann Julia 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Primäre Tumoren der Papille stellen den behandelnden Augenarzt oft vor Herausforderungen. Sie weisen sehr unterschiedliche Erscheinungsbilder auf und viele primäre
Papillentumoren sind mit Syndromerkrankungen (vor allem Phakomatosen) assoziiert. Wegen der Seltenheit fallen Einordnung und Einschätzung oft schwer.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Suche in den elektronischen Patientenakten (Zeitraum 01.01.2015 – 01.06.2022) der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des
Universitätsklinikums Münster nach Patienten mit primären Papillentumoren. Für jede Tumorentität wurden exemplarisch Fälle ausgesucht, die hier ausführlicher vorgestellt werden. Die
Kriterien zur exemplarischen Auswahl der Fälle waren eine eindeutige Diagnose, das Vorliegen geeigneten Bildmaterials und Folgeuntersuchungen in unserer Klinik.
Ergebnisse Die Suche ergab 7 Fälle mit 3 verschiedenen primären Tumorentitäten im Bereich der Papille (kapilläres Hämangioblastom, astrozytäres Hamartom und Melanozytom). Es wurden
exemplarisch 4 Patienten herausgesucht, die hier vorgestellt werden: 2 Fälle zum kapillären Hämangioblastom (einmal isoliert und zum anderen im Rahmen eines Von-Hippel-Lindau-Syndroms) sowie
jeweils ein Fall zum astrozytären Hamartom und zum Melanozytom. Wir skizzieren die weitere Diagnostik und den Krankheitsverlauf und geben einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Merkmale der
jeweils zugrunde liegenden Tumoren.
Schlussfolgerung Die Kenntnis der unterschiedlichen primären Tumoren im Bereich der Papille ist für eine korrekte Diagnosefindung notwendig. So gelingt die Abgrenzung zu malignen
Prozessen und Papillenanomalien. In vielen Fällen ist eine interdisziplinäre weitergehende Diagnostik notwendig. Die multimodale Bildgebung ist hilfreich und eine Anbindung an ein Zentrum
sinnvoll.
Reactions with Geminal Diazides: Long Known, Full of Surprises, and New Opportunities
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F. , Bensberg Kathrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGeminal diazides are uncommon yet powerful tools in organic synthesis. The chemistry of this class of functional compounds is characterized by quite unusual reactivities, including fragmentations and degradations, along with known reactions of organic azides. This Short Review highlights the major reactivities of various structural units having geminal diazido moieties, and provides an overview on the synthetic opportunities of such compounds.1	Introduction2	Preparation of Geminal Diazides3	Reactivities of Geminal Diazides3.1	α,α-Diazido Carbonyls3.2	1,3-Diketones3.3	Diazidated β-Ketoesters3.4	Diazidated Malonates3.5	Diazidated Malonamides3.6	Miscellaneous Geminal Diazides4	Conclusion
The inequality impacts of the carbon tax in China
Authors: Chen Shuyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research has acknowledged that climate change is likely to expand the wealth gap, and climate policies may further increase inequality. Nevertheless, little research has focused on how climate policies affect inequality. To address this, we employ a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to quantify the inequality impacts of the Chinese carbon taxes. Our CGE model results show that tax impacts on inequality are influenced by distribution of climate damages, tax payments, and recycling of tax revenues. Specifically, a positive correlation between income and climate damage induces lower inequality, compared to a zero or negative correlation. Tax payments by high-income households induce lower inequality than tax payments proportional to or independent from income. Recycling tax revenues to low-income households only induces lower inequality than the other recycling schemes. The results imply that relative utility is determined by absolute income, whereas income inequality only has a slight impact on it. In other words, governments could reduce negative feelings about inequality under a climate policy by increasing national income, even if the climate policy may induce higher inequality.
Development of a low voltage railgun in the context of a swept lightning stroke on an aircraft
Authors: Andraud V. , Sousa Martins R. , Zaepffel C. , Landfried R. , Testé P. 
Published: August 2022

When aircraft are struck by lightning, the aircraft’s structural fuselage and components are stressed by electrical and thermo-mechanical constraints, which imposes a need for reliable experimental test benches to design accurate and enhanced lightning protection. In order to reproduce the in-flight conditions of an aircraft in a laboratory, the aim of this work is to design and implement launch equipment able to propel aeronautical test samples at speeds characteristic of an aircraft— from 10 m/s for ultra-light gliders to 100 m/s for airliners—before striking it with an electric arc within the laboratory dimensions of several meters. After a comparison of several propulsion techniques, the selected solution is an augmented electromagnetic railgun launcher. Since it requires the injection of a high current to be efficient and a low voltage operative point for safety considerations, specific and original electric generator and rail structures have been designed and experimentally implemented. Particular attention has been paid to the experimental problems encountered and mainly the sliding contact, since almost no literature references are available for railgun equipment at this level of performance. Then, based on different experimental implementations, a dynamic and ballistic model of the projectile has been developed to evaluate and characterize friction forces with the aim of predicting launcher performances with different inputs. This serves to control the speed of the material test sample during the lightning strike. Finally, the railgun equipment has been coupled to a lightning generator to reproduce the lightning strike of an aircraft respecting in-flight conditions.