bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of pandemics, penury and philanthropy in South Africa: lessons from Islamic humanism
Authors: Kawadza Herbert 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to consider cultural ethos of philanthropy that has proved effective in minimising the plight of the vulnerable in general and particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. By discussing the divergent philanthropic approaches that have been adopted to counter the challenge of the pandemic, this article fulfils one of comparative laws' crucial tenets to improve the local environment by learning from other jurisdictions.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory and qualitative method through categorical and theoretical analysis of recent and historical scholarship on the Islamic culture is undertaken. An extensive use of journalistic and editorial reports on the South Af rican context is explored to demonstrate the plight of the vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed how economically and structurally fragmented South African society is. More specifically, it has reinforced the existence of an “invisible” group of people – the poor and vulnerable – who have been hit harder by the government's responses aimed at containing the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The depiction of an unequal and uncaring society has spurred extensive rhetoric and reflection centred on the need to regain society's conscience as regards the plight of the poor. This article finds that much as there has an awakening towards societal inequality and vulnerability, there are, however, no concrete suggestions upon which change of attitude can be founded. Further, it can be argued that the plight of the vulnerable could have been softened had society cherished a culture of charity. Taking a cue from Islamic culture, this article avers that there is a need to embed philanthropy within society's cultural norms so as to forge effective bonds and maintain social cohesion.Social implicationsThe practical implications of this article relate to the need for the revaluation of the moral campus of South African communities. It supports calls for the alignment of community attitudes with humanity so as to improve the lives of the less privileged members of the society. Additionally, this discussion adds value to the scholarship, which aims to engender community-based welfare schemes for the benefit of the vulnerable.Originality/valueBy highlighting socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the vulnerable and highlighting the Islamic approaches to ameliorating the condition of the poor, it is hoped that this article will stimulate debate that can bring change for marginalised groups. The analysis provides some crucial discussions for potential societal interventions, which could assist in revisiting how society takes care of the poor and vulnerable.
Typical cutaneous small‐vessel vasculitis induced by combined injection of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex antibody and anti‐LAMP‐2 antibody in normal rats
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Nakade Issei , Tamura Yuto , Ito Fuyu , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Tomaru Utano , Ishizu Akihiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe previously reported that IgA vasculitis and cutaneous arteritis could be dependently associated with the presence of the antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (anti‐PS/PT) antibody and lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP‐2). The copy number of LAMP‐2 mRNA in skin tissue samples from rats with cutaneous vasculitis induced by intravenous administration of anti‐PS/PT antibody after subcutaneous histone injection was significantly higher than in those without cutaneous vasculitis. We found LAMP‐2 protein overexpression in neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells of the affected blood vessels in rats with cutaneous vasculitis induced by intravenous administration of anti‐PS/PT antibody after cutaneous priming by histones. We found typical cutaneous small‐vessel vasculitis in the skin of rats given intravenous injection of both anti‐PS/PT antibody and anti‐LAMP‐2 antibody after cutaneous priming by histones. We suggested that the introduction of skin local histones and anti‐PS/PT antibody in serum could move LAMP‐2 to the cell surface of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells, and that anti‐LAMP‐2 antibody could bridge these cells through antigen‐specific binding in typical cutaneous small‐vessel vasculitis.
A deep learning approach to separating scattered direct waves from reflection seismic records on rugged surface: Synthetic data examples
Authors: Gong Rui , Wang Yingying , Geng Jianhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeismic records from reflection seismic exploration in complex surface areas often contain scattered direct waves, a type of scattered waves generated by direct waves propagating on a rugged surface. For imaging reflections, scattered direct waves are regarded as noise, which lowers the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the reflected waves and deteriorates the quality of the seismic profile. Importantly, it is very challenging to separate scattered direct waves with strong energy and complex wave field characteristics owing to the rugged surface. In recent years, the rapid development of machine‐learning technology has broadened and advanced the application of deep learning in denoising seismic data. In this context, we propose an approach to using the convolutional autoencoder, a deep learning network, to intelligently separate scattered direct waves from seismic records on a rugged surface. The spectral element method is applied to simulate the elastic wave seismic records and scattered direct waves on a rugged surface. The synthetic shot gathers on the rugged ground are employed as the input for training the convolutional autoencoder network, while the simulated scattered direct waves on the uniform half‐space with the same rugged ground are employed as the label data for training. After the network training is completed, the trained convolutional autoencoder network can be applied to predict scattered direct waves from seismic records. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach has good potential for suppressing complex scattered direct waves generated by direct waves propagating on a rugged surface.
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity and mycophenolate pharmacokinetics in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Sobiak Joanna , Resztak Matylda , Zachwieja Jacek , Ostalska‐Nowicka Danuta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome studies have shown that the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) of mycophenolic acid (MPA) should be higher for children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) than after renal transplantation. The pharmacodynamic aspect of MPA, the activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), has not been studied in children with NS. The study included 21 children (4‐16 years old) with NS treated with mycophenolate mofetil. MPA and its glucuronide plasma concentrations were determined using validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV). The separate HPLC‐UV method was applied for IMPDH activity determination. The variability was expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV). IMPDH activity and MPA concentration (Ctrough) before the morning dose amounted to 29.95 μmol s−1 mol−1 adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (range, 6.71‐98.60 μmol s−1 mol−1 AMP) and 1.72 μg/mL (range, 0.39‐4.34 μg/mL), respectively, whereas the area under the effect–time curve from 0 to 4 h and MPA AUC0‐4 were 130.36 μmol s−1 mol−1AMP × h (range, 23.58‐306.57 μmol s−1 mol−1 AMP × h) and 24.63 μg h/mL (range, 12.21‐67.48 μg h/mL), respectively. IMPDH activity decreased concomitantly with MPA concentration increase, however, the variability of the pharmacodynamic parameters was greater than of the pharmacokinetics. The median degree of maximum IMPDH inhibition was 61%. MPA Ctrough and predicted AUC were lower than in our previous study. Only a few MPA pharmacokinetic parameters correlated with the pharmacodynamics. IMPDH activity did not correlate with the children's age and did not differ between boys and girls. MPA clearance was the highest in younger children (median, 10.54 L/m2/h) and cholesterol correlated negatively with the children's age (r = −0.659, P = 0.003). IMPDH minimum activity and the degree of maximum IMPDH inhibition were similar to those obtained in renal transplant recipients. IMPDH activity does not undergo developmental or gender‐specific regulation in children with NS. MPA underexposure might be more frequent in younger children, especially with high cholesterol and triglycerides levels because of high MPA clearance.
South Korean housewives’ emerging economic authority and contestation of domesticity during the Cold War Era
Authors: Park Eunhee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the impact South Korean housewives exerted on Cold War‐era domesticity. It first traces the trans‐war trajectory of modern domesticity from Meiji Japan and its colonies through its Cold War manifestation, when America exerted hegemonic influence. Thereafter, this article examines the tactics that housewives employed to gain power within the domestic sphere and beyond: earning money, microfinance, labour and side‐line work, and an assertive response to the purse string debate in South Korea. The article also argues that even though prescriptive gender norms continued to inform the everyday lives of these housewives, their increasing bargaining power gave them economic authority to renegotiate and reimagine domesticity during the Cold War.
Prisoners, Sanctuary‐Seekers, and Workers: Jews at the Tower of London, 1189–1290
Authors: MACLELLAN RORY 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe most significant built remnant of the Jewish history of medieval England is not a synagogue but a castle: the Tower of London. From 1189 to 1290, hundreds of Jews entered the Tower as prisoners, sanctuary‐seekers or workers. In the thirteenth century, the Constable of the Tower not only had authority over the London Jewry but also had the unique right to arrest Jews anywhere in the kingdom and to preside over certain legal cases involving them. Even if Jews were arrested elsewhere, they would often be transferred to the Tower. This history of imprisonment reached its height in 1278 to 1279, when at least 600 Jews were held on charges of coin‐clipping. The Tower appears in the indices of most books on the medieval Anglo‐Jewry and is often alluded to in articles on the same topic, though usually merely in passing. None of this prior research has been specifically dedicated to the various stories of Jews at the Tower, however, something that this present article will be the first to discuss in depth. It is derived from a recent project at Historic Royal Palaces on the Tower's Jewish history, which created biographies of every Jewish individual known to have been at the Tower in the medieval period.
Use of combined oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolism in young women: a nested case–control analysis using German claims data
Authors: Schink Tania , Princk Christina , Braitmaier Malte , Haug Ulrike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among young women for nine combined oral contraceptives (COCs), including progestogens with an as yet unclear risk of VTE such as chlormadinone and nomegestrol, using COCs containing levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (<50 μg) as a reference.DesignCase–control study nested in a cohort of new users of COCs.SettingGerman claims data.PopulationA total of 1166 cases of VTE matched to 11 660 controls nested in a cohort of 677 331 girls and young women aged 10–19 years with one or more COCs dispensed between 2005 and 2017 after a 1‐year period without any COCs.MethodsConfounder‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of VTE associated with current use of the respective COCs were calculated using conditional logistic regression.Main outcome measuresVenous thromboembolism (VTE), defined as a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis.ResultsCompared with levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (<50 μg), the risk of VTE was increased two‐fold for COCs containing dienogest (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.77–2.80), cyproterone (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.43–3.25), chlormadinone (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.58–2.68), desogestrel (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.44–2.61) and drospirenone (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.41–2.55), and increased five‐fold for gestodene (aOR 5.05, 95% CI 1.23–20.74). For norgestimate and nomegestrol, the point estimates suggest a two‐fold increased risk (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 0.62–5.81) and 40% increased risk (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 0.52–3.81), respectively.ConclusionsOur study confirms that levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (<50 μg) is the COC associated with the lowest risk of VTE and suggests that for chlormadinone the risk of VTE is two times higher, and thus in the same range as for desogestrel and drospirenone.
An overview of the natural antimicrobial alternatives for sheep meat preservation
Authors: Purgatorio Chiara , Serio Annalisa , Chaves‐López Clemencia , Rossi Chiara , Paparella Antonello 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSheep meat is consumed and appreciated all over the world for its nutritional value and flavor. However, this meat is very perishable and easily subjected to the action of both spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. For this reason, in combination with cold storage, effective preservation techniques are required. There is increasing interest in the application of natural antimicrobials, such as essential oils, extracts, spices, and by‐products of the food industry. This review analyses the studies on natural antimicrobials in sheep meat and sheep meat products and gathers evidence about the encouraging results achieved on the reduction and/or elimination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The use of these natural antimicrobial alternatives might open up important perspectives for industrial application, considering that this specific meat is often traded over long distances. In fact, on the basis of scientific literature, natural antimicrobials can be considered a sustainable and affordable alternative to extend the shelf life of sheep meat and guarantee its safety, although many factors need to be further investigated, such as the sensory impact, potential toxicity, and economic aspects. For all these issues, investigated in some of the studies reviewed here, it is fundamental to obtain the antimicrobial effect with the minimum amount of effective substance to avoid sensory modifications, toxic effects, and unbearable costs. This study sets foundations for the possible direction of future studies, which will contribute to identify effective solutions for industrial applications of natural antimicrobials in the sheep meat industry.
Occurrence of mycotoxins in pulses
Authors: Acuña‐Gutiérrez Catalina , Jiménez Víctor M. , Müller Joachim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPulses, dry grains of the Fabaceae family used for food and feed, are particularly important agricultural products with increasing commercial and nutritional relevance. Similar to other plant commodities, pulses can be affected by fungi in the field and during postharvest. Some of these fungi produce mycotoxins, which can seriously threaten human and animal health by causing acute poisoning and chronic effects. In this review, information referring to the analysis and occurrence of these compounds in pulses is summarized. An overview of the aims pursued, and of the methodologies employed for mycotoxin analysis in the different reports is presented, followed by a comprehensive review of relevant articles on mycotoxins in pulses, categorized according to the geographical region, among other considerations. Moreover, special attention was given to the effect of climatic conditions on microorganism infestation and mycotoxin accumulation. Furthermore, the limited literature available was considered to look for possible correlations between the degree of fungal infection and the mycotoxin incidence in pulses. In addition, the potential effect of certain phenolic compounds on reducing fungi infestation and mycotoxin accumulation was reviewed with examples on beans. Emphasis was also given to a specific group of mycotoxins, the phomopsins, that mainly impact lupin. Finally, the negative consequences of mycotoxin accumulation on the physiology and development of contaminated seeds and seedlings are presented, focusing on the few reports available on pulses. Given the agricultural and nutritional potential that pulses offer for human well‐being, their promotion should be accompanied by attention to food safety issues, and mycotoxins might be among the most serious threats.Practical Application: According to the manuscript template available in the website, this section is for “JFS original research manuscripts ONLY; optional”. Since we are publishing in CRFSFS this requirement will not be done.
Sewage Transport Volumes and Physical Degradation Rates of Personal Care Wipes
Authors: Pedersen Adam F. , Vasquez Adrian A. , Steis Thorsby Jamie , Gorrell Michelle , Petriv Anna‐Marie V. , Miller Carol J. , Baker Tracie R. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAs personal care wipes become increasingly popular, inappropriate disposal to the sewage system is raising significant environmental and economic concerns. Many common brands, while marketed as “flushable,” do not degrade appreciably in the plumbing and piping fixtures that the sewage transits. As such, these wipes can cause a myriad of problems including sewer blockage and destruction of pumps and grinders. This work sought to better understand key factors influencing the onset of such problems, including the volume of wipes present in the sewer and the degradation rates associated with a variety of personal wipe products, both “flushable” and nonflushable. The results suggest no correlation between the quantity of wipes in sewage and either the preceding precipitation or the sewage flow rate. To examine their degradability within a sewer system, we evaluated the degradation over time for six commercially available wipes under four conditions: static, kinetic, tap water, and sewage water. Five of the six wipe types were greater than 93% intact after 48 h of exposure to sewer‐like conditions and only one wipe type degraded to less than 14% of its initial volume after 48 h, which is similar to the degradation performance of tested toilet paper. Degradation rates were highest in tap water under kinetic conditions and lowest in raw sewage water under static conditions.
Input prices, productivity, and trade dynamics: long‐run effects of liberalization on Chinese paint manufacturers
Authors: Grieco Paul L. E. , Li Shengyu , Zhang Hongsong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe develop a dynamic model to analyze the impact of input tariff liberalization on input prices, trading decisions, and productivity. Although input tariffs directly affect input price benefits of importing, their impact on trade participation generates indirect benefits through productivity improvements and complementarity between importing and exporting. To disentangle these effects, we separately measure importing's effect on input prices and productivity and examine Chinese paint manufacturers' reaction to input tariff liberalization. We find that a mild short‐term effect of tariff liberalization is amplified in the long run by induced trade participation, resulting in even higher productivity and lower input prices.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the lung: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yu Shaofu , Zhai Shasha , Gong Qian , Hu Xiaoping , Yang Wenjuan , Liu Liyu , Kong Yi , Wu Lin , Pu Xingxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare tumor of interstitial origin characterized by several immunological and muscle cell markers. The clear cell sugar tumor (CCST) of the lung is a type of PEComa defined by thin cell walls and high levels of glycogen in the cytoplasm. We herein reported the case of a 48‐year‐old male with a recurrence of lung CCST. The preoperative diagnosis of the lung mass was performed by percutaneous needle biopsy. During the thoracoscopic resection, multiple adhesions in the thoracic cavity were described. The tumor invaded the chest wall, and the boundaries between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues were unclear. The mediastinal lymph nodes were significantly enlarged. No relevant gene mutations were detected. After concomitant chemoradiotherapy, the patient's condition was stable. We also conducted a literature review and discussed the overall findings.
Capital market liberalisation and voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in China
Authors: Liao Lin , Pan Yukun , Yao Daifei (Troy) 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHSC) scheme on voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in China. Using a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) design, we find that companies that participate in the SHSC scheme are more inclined to voluntarily issue CSR reports. This effect is more pronounced for companies that have limited access to international markets and those with weak corporate governance. Additional analyses show that SHSC‐connected firms also produce higher quality CSR reports and achieve a better CSR performance. Our findings imply that capital market liberalisation promotes voluntary corporate disclosure for investors.
Time and sequence of emergence of the deciduous dentition in dogs and its applicability for age estimation
Authors: Van den Broeck Martine , De Bels Lobke , Duchateau Luc , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of deciduous dentition emergence in puppies. Data were obtained in a longitudinal study, with some cross‐sectional observations, of 1001 puppies of 53 dog breeds. A parametric proportional hazards survival model was used to estimate median emergence time and evaluate the effect of the covariates. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides of a puppy's dentition, but differences were statistically significant for the earlier appearance of maxillary incisors and canines and later appearance of maxillary premolars compared with their mandibular counterparts. The tendency for delayed onset and completion of emergence in female compared to male puppies was statistically but not clinically significant. The differences between puppies of breeds of different size or skull type were both statistically and clinically significant, with small and brachycephalic breeds showing later emergence times, longer clinical eruption times and more individual variation. Per quadrant, regardless of dog breed, canines or incisors were usually the first teeth to emerge and fully erupt, followed by premolars in the order Pd3 > 4 > 2. The maxillary canines and incisors usually emerged earlier than mandibular canines. Age estimation standards for breed size groups are presented based on the number of emerged teeth per quadrant. To assess whether a puppy has reached the legally required minimum age of 8 weeks to leave the litter, the best predictive capability using the data from this study is obtained when assessing the emergence status of the deciduous third premolars.