bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mental health disability associated with long-COVID: Baseline results from a US nationwide cohort
Authors: Lau Bryan , Wentz Eryka , Ni Zhanmo , Yenokyan Karine , Coggiano Candelaria , Mehta Shruti H. , Duggal Priya 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePersistent symptoms after SARS-COV-2 infection, or long-COVID, may occur in anywhere from 10-55% of those who have had COVID-19, but the extent of impact on daily functioning and disability remains unquantified.ObjectiveTo characterize physical and mental disability associated with long-COVIDDesignCross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort studySettingOnline US nationwide surveyParticipantsAdults 18 years of age and older who live in the US who either report a history of COVID-19 illness (n=8,874) or report never having had COVID-19 (n=633)Main Outcome and MeasuresSelf-reported mobility disability (difficulty walking a quarter of a mile and/or up 10 stairs, instrumental activities of daily living [IADL] disability (difficulty doing light or heavy housework), and mental fatigue as measured by the Wood Mental Fatigue Inventory (WMFI).ResultsOf 7,926 participants with long-COVID, the median age was 45 years, 84% were female, 89% self-reported white race, and 7.4% self-reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Sixty-five percent of long-COVID participants were classified as having at least one disability, compared to 6% of those with resolved-COVID (n=948) and 14% of those with no-COVID (n=633). Of long-COVID participants, about 1% and 5% were classified as critically physically disabled or mentally fatigued, respectively. Age, prior comorbidity, increased BMI, female gender, hospitalization for COVID-19, non-white race, and multi-race were all associated with significantly higher disability burden. Dizziness at the time of infection (33% non-hospitalized, 39% hospitalized) was associated with all five disability components in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups. Heavy limbs, dyspnea, and tremors were associated with four of the five components of disability in the non-hospitalized group, and heavy limbs was associated with four of the five components in the hospitalized group. Vaccination was protective against development of disability.Conclusion and RelevanceWe observed a high burden of physical and mental disability associated with long-COVID which has serious implications for individual and societal health that may be partially mitigated by vaccination. Longitudinal characterization and evaluation of COVID-19 patients is necessary to identify patterns of recovery and treatment options.
Hypo-responsiveness of human alveolar macrophages to IFN-γ is not due to attenuated STAT1 signaling
Authors: Thiel Bonnie A , Lundberg Kathleen C , Schlatzer Daniela , Jarvela Jessica , Li Qing , Shaw Rachel , Beckloff Sara E , Chance Mark R , Boom W Henry , Silver Richard F , Bebek Gurkan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAlveolar macrophages (AM) perform a primary defense mechanism in the lung through phagocytosis of inhaled particles and microorganisms. AM are known to be relatively immunosuppressive consistent with the aim to limit alveolar inflammation and maintain effective gas exchange in the face of these constant challenges. How AM respond to T cell derived cytokine signals, which are critical to the defense against inhaled pathogens, is less well understood. For example, successful containment ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in lung macrophages is highly dependent on IFN-γ secreted by Th-1 lymphocytes, however, the proteomic IFN-γ response profile in AM remains mostly unknown. In this study, we measured IFN-γ induced protein abundance changes in human AM and autologous blood monocytes (MN). AM cells were activated by IFN-γ stimulation resulting in STAT1 phosphorylation and production of MIG/CXCL9 chemokine. However, the global proteomic response to IFN-γ in AM was dramatically limited in comparison to that of MN (9 AM vs 89 MN differentially abundant proteins). AM hypo-responsiveness was not explained by reduced JAK-STAT1 signaling nor increased SOCS1 expression. These findings suggest that AM have a tightly regulated response to IFN-γ which may prevent excessive pulmonary inflammation but may also provide a niche for the initial survival and growth of Mtb and other intracellular pathogens in the lung.
Cerebral organoids expressing mutant actin genes reveal cellular mechanism underlying microcephaly
Authors: Niehaus Indra , Wilsch-Bräuninger Michaela , Mora-Bermúdez Felipe , Bobic-Rasonja Mihaela , Radosevic Velena , Milkovic-Perisa Marija , Wimberger Pauline , Severino Mariasavina , Haase Alexandra , Martin Ulrich , Kuenzel Karolina , Guan Kaomei , Neumann Katrin , Walker Noreen , Schröck Evelin , Jovanov-Milosevic Natasa , Huttner Wieland B. , Donato Nataliya Di , Heide Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractActins are structural cytoskeletal proteins playing crucial roles in multiple cellular processes. Mutations in the ACTB and ACTG1 genes, encoding the ubiquitous beta- and gamma- cytoskeletal actin isoforms, respectively, cause a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, with microcephaly as the most frequent one. Here we used patient-derived cerebral organoids to gain insight into the pathogenesis underlying this cortical malformation. Cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with the Baraitser-Winter- CerebroFrontoFacial syndrome (BWCFF-S), expressing either an ACTB or an ACTG1 missense mutation, are reduced in size, showing a thinner ventricular zone (VZ). This decrease in VZ progenitors is in turn associated with a striking change in the orientation of their cleavage plane from predominantly vertical (control) to predominantly horizontal (BWCFF-S), which is incompatible with increasing VZ progenitor abundance. Various cytoskeletal and morphological irregularities of BWCFF-S VZ progenitors, notably in the apical region of these cells, seemingly contribute to their predominantly horizontal cleavage plane orientation. Our results provide insight into the cell biological basis of the microcephaly associated with BWCFF-S caused by actin mutations.
Higher social tolerance is associated with more complex facial behavior in macaques
Authors: Rincon Alan V. , Waller Bridget M. , Duboscq Julie , Mielke Alexander , Pérez Claire , Clark Peter R. , Micheletta Jérôme 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe social complexity hypothesis for communicative complexity posits that animal societies with more complex social systems require more complex communication systems. We tested the social complexity hypothesis on three macaque species that vary in their degree of social tolerance and complexity. We coded facial behavior in >3000 social interactions across three social contexts (aggressive, submissive, affiliative) in 389 animals, using the Facial Action Coding System for macaques (MaqFACS). We quantified communicative complexity using three measures of uncertainty: entropy, specificity, and prediction error. We found that the relative entropy of facial behavior was higher for the more tolerant crested macaques as compared to the less tolerant Barbary and rhesus macaques across all social contexts, indicating that crested macaques more frequently use a higher diversity of facial behavior. The context specificity of facial behavior was higher in rhesus as compared to Barbary and crested macaques, demonstrating that Barbary and crested macaques used facial behavior more flexibly across different social contexts. Finally, a random forest classifier predicted social context from facial behavior with highest accuracy for rhesus and lowest for crested, indicating there is higher uncertainty and complexity in the facial behavior of crested macaques. Overall, our results support the social complexity hypothesis.
Sleep restores an optimal computational regime in cortical networks
Authors: Xu Yifan , Schneider Aidan , Wessel Ralf , Hengen Keith B. 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYSleep is vitally important for brain function, yet its core restorative process remains an open question. Sleep is assumed to subserve homeostatic processes in the brain because sleep restores functional capacity, and stable function requires compensatory tuning of circuits in the face of experience. However, the set-point around which sleep tunes circuit computation is unknown; for more than four decades, the homeostatic aspect of sleep has been approximated by a heuristic model whose strongest correlate is Slow-wave Activity (SWA). While SWA can indicate sleep pressure, it fails to explainwhyanimals need sleep. In contrast, criticality is a computational regime that optimizes information processing capacity, and is a homeostatically regulated set-point in isocortical circuits. Consistent with the effects of waking, criticality is degraded by experience-dependent plasticity. Whether criticality is the computational set-point of sleep is unknown. To address this question, we evaluated the effects of sleep and wake on emergent dynamics in ensembles of cortical neurons recorded continuously for 10-14 d in freely behaving rats. We show that normal waking experience progressively disrupts criticality, and that sleep functions to restore critical dynamics. Criticality is perturbed in a context-dependent manner depending on behavior and environmental variables, and waking experience is causal in driving these effects. The degree of deviation from criticality is robustly predictive of future sleep/wake behavior, more accurate than SWA, behavioral history, and other neural measures. Our results demonstrate that perturbation and recovery of criticality is a network homeostatic mechanism consistent with the core, restorative function of sleep.
The structure of a human translation initiation complex reveals two independent roles for the helicase eIF4A
Authors: Querido Jailson Brito , Sokabe Masaaki , Díaz-López Irene , Gordiyenko Yuliya , Fraser Christopher S. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryInitiation of mRNA translation is a key regulatory step in gene expression in all eukaryotes. Canonical initiation of translation in eukaryotes involves recruitment of the 43S preinitiation complex to the 5′ end of mRNA by the cap-binding complex eIF4F to form the 48S initiation complex (48S), followed by scanning along the mRNA until the start codon is selected.1–8 We have previously shown that eIF4F binds near the mRNA channel exit site of the 43S, leaving an open question about how mRNA secondary structure is removed as it enters the mRNA binding channel on the other side of the 40S subunit.4Here we describe a human 48S positioned at the start codon that shows that in addition to the eIF4A that is part of eIF4F, there is a second eIF4A helicase bound to the mRNA entry site. The entry channel bound eIF4A is positioned through interactions with eIF3 and the 40S subunit to enable its ATP-dependent helicase activity to directly unwind secondary structure located downstream of the scanning 48S complex. The structure also reveals universally conserved interactions between eIF4F and the 48S, likely explaining how this complex can promote mRNA recruitment in all eukaryotes. mRNA translation has emerged as an important tool for developing innovative therapies, yet several fundamental aspects of its regulation remain unknown. This work sheds light on the critical regulatory roles of eIF4A and eIF4F during the recruitment and scanning of the 5′ UTR of mRNA.
Parameter identification for MTPA control based on a nonlinear d-q dynamic IPMSM model
Authors: Garmut Mitja , Steentjes Simon , Petrun Martin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Small highly saturated interior permanent magnet- synchronous machines (IPMSMs) show a very nonlinear behaviour. Such machines are mostly controlled with a closed-loop cascade control, which is based on a d-q two-axis dynamic model with constant concentrated parameters to calculate the control parameters. This paper aims to present the identification of a complete current- and rotor position-dependent d-q dynamic model, which is derived by using a finite element method (FEM) simulation. The machine’s constant parameters are determined for an operation on the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) curve. The obtained MTPA control performance was evaluated on the complete FEM-based nonlinear d-q model.

Design/methodology/approach
A FEM model was used to determine the nonlinear properties of the complete d-q dynamic model of the IPMSM. Furthermore, a fitting procedure based on the nonlinear MTPA curve is proposed to determine adequate constant parameters for MTPA operation of the IPMSM.

Findings
The current-dependent d-q dynamic model of the machine models the relevant dynamic behaviour of the complete current- and rotor position-dependent FEM-based d-q dynamic model. The most adequate control response was achieved while using the constant parameters fitted to the nonlinear MTPA curve by using the proposed method.

Originality/value
The effect on the motor’s steady-state and dynamic behaviour of differently complex d-q dynamic models was evaluated. A workflow to obtain constant set of parameters for the decoupled operation in the MTPA region was developed and their effect on the control response was analysed.
Investigating drivers of qardhul hassan financing acceptance in the time of COVID-19: a Malaysian breadwinner perspective
Authors: Amin Hanudin 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study was conducted to examine factors that could determine breadwinners' willingness to accept qardhul hassan financing in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon ‘Attitude, Social Influence and Self-Efficacy’ (ASE) model, this study examined the effects of attitude, subjective influence and self-efficacy on qardhul hassan financing acceptance during the pandemic. The sample size was 294 respondents who were all breadwinners and sourced from group bottom 40 or B40 in Malaysia.FindingsThe results obtained acknowledged that attitude, subjective influence and self-efficacy shaped the formation and development of breadwinners' acceptance to take up the facility during the pandemic at best for well-being.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should include samples from other geographies in Malaysia along with new variables relevant to extend the findings.Practical implicationsThe results obtained offer new action plans for Islamic social financial institutions to better plan the offered qardhul hassan financing to society at large.Originality/valueThere are two originalities drawn from this study. First, this study is a pioneering work in Malaysia examining the importance of qardhul hassan financing in the time of COVID-19. Second, this study used the ASE model in examining the breadwinners' acceptability of the financing facility in meeting basic needs and requirements.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2022-0420.
A shock to the system: entrepreneurial ecosystem resilience and adaptation in a global pandemic
Authors: Cannice Mark V. , Park Sun-Young , Lee June Y. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis exploratory study uses a punctuated equilibrium paradigm (PEP) framework to examine the impact and adaptation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) to the COVID-19 pandemic at the organizational and ecosystem level. The aim is to provide guidance to EEs on ways to adapt to future external shocks.Design/methodology/approachAs this study is exploratory in nature, the authors use a sequential mixed method whereby a qualitative method is used first to identify emergent themes from in-depth interviews with EE members, followed by a quantitative method (survey) based on those themes across a broader cross section of EE members.FindingsEntrepreneurial ecosystem’s geographical advantages have declined during the pandemic as EE firms adapted to this external shock by developing more digitally distributed organizations.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings, the authors propose an emerging model of EEs that extends the traditional clustering model focused on geography to account for more digitally distributed entrepreneurial clusters. However, the results, based on an in-depth study of one ecosystem, may not be fully generalizable to all EEs.Practical implicationsGiven the widespread pandemic impact, the findings may be instructive to EEs and organizations in EEs that aim to become more resilient in the face of potential future external shocks.Social implicationsAs part of the qualitative interview process the interviewees were asked what they would change in San Francisco Bay Area if they had a magic wand right now. They discussed a variety of inspiring ideas, but the most frequently mentioned was their wish to change the focus of business to solve societal problems with a global citizen mindset (e.g. recycling energy, climate change, income inequality, access to education and funding, inequity, wealth gaps, housing crisis and homelessness) to make the world a better place. Additionally, the pandemic exposed some inequality in work conditions across demographics. As firms reorganize to increase resiliency, attention to these issues should be addressed.Originality/valueThis study is unique in applying the PEP to EEs to deepen our understanding about how an EE evolves during periods of sudden external shocks.
Disclaimer effect of key audit matters in China: negative press coverage and boilerplate
Authors: Ma Qianqun , Zhou Jianan , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Using China’s key audit matters (KAMs) data, this study aims to examine whether negative press coverage alleviates boilerplate KAMs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses Levenshtein edit distance (LVD) to calculate the horizontal boilerplate of KAMs and investigates how boilerplate changes under different levels of the perceived legal risk.

Findings
The findings indicate that auditors of firms exposed to substantial negative press coverage will reduce the boilerplate of KAMs. This association is more significant for auditing firms with lower market share and client firms with higher financial distress. Additionally, the authors find that negative press coverage is more likely to alleviate the boilerplate disclosure of KAMs related to managers’ subjective estimation and material transactions and events. Furthermore, the association between negative press coverage and boilerplate KAMs varies with the source of negative news.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that upon exposure to negative press coverage, reducing the boilerplate of KAMs has a disclaimer effect for auditors.
A comprehensive review on medicinal plants possessing antioxidant potential
Authors: Zafar Farah , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Shaheen Ghazala , Ghauri Aymen Owais , Rajpoot Sehrish Rana , Tasleem Muhammad Wasim , Shamim Tahira , Hadi Faheem , Noor Raessa , Ali Tanveer , Gulzar Muhammad Nauman , Nazar Halima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany research studies have proposed that about two‐thirds of the medicinal plant species of the world possess significant antioxidant potential. Antioxidants are very beneficial as they decrease oxidative stress (OS) in cells and hence play their role in management as well as treatment of numerous diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases, as well as many inflammatory illnesses. This review comprises the antioxidant potential of numerous parts of medicinal plants like leaves, stems, roots, seeds, fruits, as well as bark. Synthetic antioxidants named butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as well as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are extensively employed in foods because of their role as food preservatives. Several natural antioxidants have better efficacy as compared to synthetic antioxidants. These medicinal plants includeGeranium sanguineumL.,Rheum ribesL.,Diospyros abyssinica,Sargentodoxa cuneataRehd. Et Wils,Pistacia lentiscus,Ficus microcarpaL. fil.,Polyalthia cerasoides(Roxb.) Bedd, Cunn,Teucrium poliumL.,Crataeva nurvalaBuch‐Ham.,Urtica dioicaL.,Dracocephalum moldavicaL.,Momordica CharantiaL.,Acacia auriculiformisA.,Bidens pilosaLinn. TheLamiaceaespecies, Radiata,Leea indica,Pelargonium endlicherianum, Salvia officinalisL., andUncaria tomentosa(Willd.) DC. The literature study disclosed more side effects of synthetic antioxidants (including food additives) in comparison with natural antioxidants and for prevention of many diseases.
Therapeutic potential of curcumin in ARDS and COVID‐19
Authors: Suresh Madathilparambil V. , Francis Sairah , Aktay Sinan , Kralovich Georgia , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurcumin is a safe, non‐toxic, readily available and naturally occurring compound, an active constituent of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Curcumin could potentially treat diseases, but faces poor physicochemical and pharmacological characteristics. To overcome these limitations, we developed a stable, water‐soluble formulation of curcumin called cyclodextrin‐complexed curcumin (CDC). We have previously shown that direct delivery of CDC to the lung following lipopolysaccharides exposure reduces acute lung injury (ALI) and effectively reduces lung injury, inflammation and mortality in mice following Klebsiella pneumoniae. Recently, we found that administration of CDC led to a significant reduction in angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression in gene and protein levels following pneumonia, indicating its potential in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In this review, we consider the clinical features of ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the role of curcumin in modulating the pathogenesis of bacterial/viral‐induced ARDS and COVID‐19.
Anomalous papillary muscle insertion into mitral valve leaflet: Autopsy study and implications
Authors: Leković Aleksa , Živković Vladimir , Nikolić Slobodan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnomalous papillary muscle (APM) insertion into the anterior mitral valve leaflet is often associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but is reported in other cases as a rare finding. Mere presence does not strictly imply hemodynamic disturbance, and several types exist, with various impacts on left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. The interpretation of isolated anomaly is challenging at autopsy because significant LVOT obstruction is dynamic. We analyzed autopsy cases with APM regarding the site of PM insertion and origin, number of PM bellies, anomalous insertions, heart weight, left ventricle (LV) thickness, LV endocardial fibrosis, subjects' age, sex, cause, and manner of death. A total of 20 cases were identified. Fourteen were identified incidentally, while in 670 systematically examined hearts, the APM was identified in six cases, indicating a prevalence of 0.9%. In eight cases, the manner of death was natural (one case with HCM), and in 12 non‐natural. Type II anomaly of PM was most frequent (n = 8), followed by Type III (n = 7) and Type I (n = 5). Subjects who died of natural causes were significantly older and had heavier hearts (median 455 g vs. 330 g; p < 0.05) without difference in LV thickness (median 16 mm vs. 15 mm; p > 0.05). Histology performed in four cases showed a pattern of direct insertion of cardiomyocytes into the leaflet's thick fibrous tissue with a narrow overlapping zone. The APM is rare, can be easily overlooked, and does not imply significant pathology per se. We discussed proper assessment of the significance of this anomaly at autopsy.