bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the moist air transonic flow in the symmetric and asymmetric nozzle of the low expansion
Authors: Wiśniewski P , Dykas S , Majkut M , Smołka K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Condensation has a negative impact on turbomachinery efficiency in many energy processes. This paper compares the expansion of moist air in symmetric and asymmetric nozzles with a low expansion rate. The presented numerical study is supported by analytical and experimental research. The experimental tWesting was carried out using an in-house experimental test rig where two nozzles were examined for moist air with relative humidity of about 25%. The nozzles were tested for a supersonic outlet, as well as for the outlet condition with elevated pressure, which resulted in the occurrence of a normal shock in the test section. The asymmetric nozzle profile is congruent with the symmetric nozzle. However, the nozzle walls are shifted linearly in the flow direction. The Schlieren photography technique and static pressure measurements on the nozzle wall were used for qualitative identification of both condensation and shock waves. The presented numerical modelling was conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics software extended with an in-house condensation model. The code was validated against in-house experiment as well as against the data available in the literature. The analysis of the flow in the considered two types of nozzles with a very low expansion rate revealed very interesting structures of pressure waves. The impact of the linear shift of the nozzle walls on the condensation process and the interaction of the condensation wave with aerodynamic oblique as well as normal shock waves were investigated.
Convective boundary integral equation: the case of a non-axisymmetric dendrite with a forced viscous flow
Authors: Titova E A , Alexandrov D V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper is devoted to obtaining an integral solution to the problem of convective heat transfer in the vicinity of the tip of a stationary growing non-axisymmetric dendrite. The boundary integral equation for an elliptical paraboloid growing in a viscous forced flow is solved using the Green function technique. The total undercooling at the dendrite tip is found for single-component and binary melts, which is a function of the Péclet, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers as well as the ellipticity parameter. Also, we demonstrate that these parameters substantially influence the total undercooling. We show that the increase of fluid flow and ellipticity of the crystal tip allows it to grow faster at fixed undercooling and average tip diameter. The 3D non-axisymmetric theory under consideration is verified with previous solutions constructed by Ananth and Gill (1989 J. Fluid Mech.
208 575–593) for elliptic paraboloid and Alexandrov and Galenko (2021 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
379 20200325) for a paraboloid of revolution and a parabolic cylinder with a forced flow. The method developed can be used for the stationary growth of arbitrary patterns in the presence of convective flow.
Post-weld friction stir processing of AA5083-F TIG welds with scandium added fillers
Authors: Aarthi R , Sekar K S Vijay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
TIG welded marine grade AA5083-F/ER5356 and AA5083-F/ER5356+Sc joints were friction stir processed with a pin less FSP tool, to explore the impact of the process parameters on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the weldments and enhance the weld strength. The microstructure of the welds was observed using optical and SEM and subjected to mechanical tests like impact toughness, tensile, microhardness and fractography, to evaluate the strength of the weld. A microstructural improvement was observed in the FSPed weld joints, with an average grain size of 4 μm for TIG welds and 2 μm for Sc added TIG welds, in comparison to the TIG-welded joints, which showed an average grain size of 12 μm and 8 μm when Sc was added. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the FSPed joints were higher than the tensile strength of the base metal, with values of 288 MPa for the FSPed joints and 331 MPa for the Sc added FSPed joints. The FSPed joint’s elongation range decreased to 7.1% but showed a marked improvement for the Sc added FSPed joints, up to 20.5%. There was a marked improvement in the maximum hardness compared to TIG welded joints, with the FSPed TIG-welded joints giving a value of 90 HV1, while the maximum hardness of Sc added FSP joints showing 95 HV1. The study revealed that FSPed and Sc added joints improved the mechanical and microstructural properties of the TIG welded joints significantly.
A comprehensive DFT study to evaluate the modulation in the band gap, elastic, and optical behaviour of CsPbBr3 under the effect of stress
Authors: Zaidi S M Junaid , Khan M Ijaz , Gillani S S A , Sahar M Sana Ullah , Ullah Sana , Tanveer Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The computational Generalized Gradient Approximations (GGA) are applied on cubic Cesium Lead Bromide (CsPbBr3) with different stress values of 0, 5, 10, and 15 GPa for a supercell with PBE exchange relationship parameters to study the structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic characteristics. This study aims to determine how stress affects structural and electronic properties, how optical behaviour changes in reaction to electronic change, and how mechanical properties change as a result. The structure remains cubic, and there is no phase shift, but a reduction in the lattice parameters is seen. The reduction in band gap (1.900 eV) is found from 0–15 GPa and zero at 17 GPa. The partial densities of states (PDOS) of bulk CsPbBr3, Cs, Pb, and Br are also calculated. The partial density states PDOS of bulk CsPbBr3 show that in the valence band range, the sharpest observed peak is for d-states, while in the conduction region, the sharpest peak is for p-states and then for s-states. The significant variation in values of absorption, conductivity (imaginary and real), dielectric function (imaginary and real), loss function, reflectivity, and refractive index (imaginary and real) are found by applying stresses of 0, 5, 10, 15 GPa. Using the energy deformation relationship, the elastic constants are computed. From these constants, various mechanical characteristics such as the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young modulus, and Poisson ratio are derived and discussed. Additionally, it is a good component in optoelectronic devices due to its high refractive index, absorption, reflectivity, and conductivity.
Climate control of tropical cyclone rapid intensification frequency in the north indian ocean
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Qiaoyan , Hong Jiacheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rapid intensification (RI ≥ 20 knots/24h) is essential to very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) in the North Indian Ocean (NIO). Between 1980 and 2020, the annual numbers of VSCSs were strongly correlated with the annual numbers of RI-20 events during the pre-monsoon (April-June) and post-monsoon (October-December) periods in the Arabian Sea (ARB) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis was applied to the sea surface temperature (SST) and the number of RI events in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The leading SVD mode explained ∼85% (83%) of the total covariance during the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon). With an increase in the SST, the number of RI events increased in the ARB and the BoB during the pre-monsoon, and the number of RI events was enhanced in the ARB but reduced in the BoB during the post-monsoon. Decreased vertical wind shear was the primary contributor to the increased RI-20 events during the pre-monsoon. During the post-monsoon, decreased vertical wind shear and increased relative humidity contributed to increased RI-20 events in the ARB, while reduced absolute vorticity and decreased relative humidity contributed to decreased RI-20 events in the BoB. These results suggest an increased occurrence of VSCSs in both seasons in the ARB, and an increased (decreased) occurrence of VSCSs in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) in the BoB with increasing SST.
Identifying magnetosome-associated genes in the extended CtrA regulon inMagnetospirillum magneticumAMB-1 using a combinational approach
Authors: Yang Yizi , Cao Chen , Gu Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are worth studying because of magnetosome biomineralization. Magnetosome biogenesis in MTB is controlled by multiple genes known as magnetosome-associated genes. Recent advances in bioinformatics provide a unique opportunity for studying functions of magnetosome-associated genes and networks that they are involved in. Furthermore, various types of bioinformatics analyses can also help identify genes associated with magnetosome biogenesis. To predict novel magnetosome-associated genes in the extended CtrA regulon, we analyzed expression data of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 in the GSE35625 dataset in NCBI GEO. We identified 10 potential magnetosome-associated genes using a combinational approach of differential expression analysis, Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction network analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Meanwhile, we also discovered and compared two co-expression modules that most known magnetosome-associated genes belong to. Our comparison indicated the importance of energy on regulating co-expression module structures for magnetosome biogenesis. At the last stage of our research, we predicted at least four real magnetosome-associated genes out of 10 potential genes, based on a comparison of evolutionary trees between known and potential magnetosome-associated genes. Because of the discovery of common subtrees that the stressed species are enriched in, we proposed a hypothesis that multiple types of environmental stress can trigger magnetosome evolution in different waters, and therefore its evolution can recur at different times in various locations on earth. Overall, our research provides useful information for identifying new MTB species and understanding magnetosome biogenesis.
Cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients
Authors: Perez-Troncoso Daniel , Epstein David , Davies Alun Huw , Thapar Ankur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Medical therapy for stroke prevention has improved significantly over the past 30 years. Recent analyses of medically treated cohorts have suggested that early rates of stroke may have reduced, and reports of the safety of carotid surgery have also shown improvements. Since the effectiveness of carotid surgery versus medical therapy was established in the 1990s, there is an urgent need to evaluate whether surgery remains cost-effective in the UK.

Methods
A decision model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs and utilities of modern medical therapy with and without carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic stenosis from the perspective of the UK National Health Service. The base-case population consisted of adults aged 70 years with 70–99 per cent stenosis. Model data were obtained from clinical studies and wider literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results
In the base-case scenario, the 5-year absolute risk reduction with carotid endarterectomy was 5 per cent, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €12 021 (exchange rate £1 GBP = €1.1125 (Tuesday 1 January 2019)) per quality-adjusted life-year. Surgery was more cost-effective if performed rapidly after presentation. In patients with 50–69 per cent carotid stenosis, surgery appeared less clinically effective. However, there was considerable uncertainty.

Conclusion
Surgery may not now be clinically effective and cost-effective in those with moderate carotid stenosis. However, these results are uncertain because of the limited data on modern medical therapy and an RCT may be justified.
Oncovascular surgery for advanced pelvic malignancy
Authors: Rajendran Saissan , Brown Kilian G M , Solomon Michael J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The number of units with experience in extended radical resections for advanced pelvic tumours has grown substantially in recent years. The use of complex vascular resections and reconstructive techniques in these units is expected to increase with experience. This review aimed to provide a cutting-edge overview of this evolving surgical approach to complex pelvic tumours with vascular involvement.

Methods
This was a narrative review of published data on major vascular resection and reconstruction for advanced pelvic tumours, including preoperative evaluation, techniques used, and outcomes. Advice for treatment decisions is provided, and based on current literature and the personal experience of the authors. Current controversies and future directions are discussed.

Results
Major vascular resection and reconstruction during surgery for advanced pelvic tumours is associated with prolonged operating time (510–678 min) and significant blood loss (median 2–5 l). R0 resection can be achieved in 58–82 per cent at contemporary specialist units. The risk of major complications is similar to that of extended pelvic resection without vascular involvement (30–40 per cent) and perioperative mortality is acceptable (0–4 per cent). Long-term survival is achievable in approximately 50 per cent of patients.

Conclusion
En bloc resection of the common or external iliac vessels during exenterative pelvic surgery is a feasible strategy for patients with advanced tumours which infiltrate major pelvic vascular structures. Oncological, morbidity, and survival outcomes appear comparable to more central pelvic tumours. These encouraging outcomes, combined with an increasing interest in extended pelvic resections globally, will likely lead to more exenteration units developing oncovascular experience.
A variance-aware multiobjective Louvain-like method for community detection in multiplex networks
Authors: Venturini Sara , Cristofari Andrea , Rinaldi Francesco , Tudisco Francesco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we focus on the community detection problem in multiplex networks, that is, networks with multiple layers having the same node sets and no inter-layer connections. In particular, we look for groups of nodes that can be recognized as communities consistently across the layers. To this end, we propose a new approach that generalizes the Louvain method by (a) simultaneously updating the average and variance of the modularity scores across the layers and (b) reformulating the greedy search procedure in terms of a filter-based multiobjective optimization scheme. Unlike many previous modularity maximization strategies, which rely on some form of aggregation of the various layers, our multiobjective approach aims at maximizing the individual modularities on each layer simultaneously. We report experiments on synthetic and real-world networks, showing the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed strategies both in the informative case, where all layers show the same community structure, and in the noisy case, where some layers represent only noise.
Beyond Neutrophils for Predicting Relapse and Remission in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: El-Zimaity Hala , Shaffer Seth R , Riddell Robert H , Pai Rish K , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study examines colonic histological features in ulcerative colitis [UC] in endoscopic remission to determine which cell types and biopsy sites best predict a patient’s likelihood of remaining in remission.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart, endoscopy and histology review of 166 patients with UC in endoscopic remission followed in a single inflammatory bowel disease practice over a median of 6 years [range, 2–11 years]. Clinical remission was based on global physician assessment and colonoscopy reports, and clinical relapse on chart review. Histological features of previous injury and also number and location of plasma cells and eosinophils were assessed. We evaluated all of these features semi-quantitatively using a standard set of illustrations for the grade to maintain consistency. Multiple logistic regression and survival analyses were used to identify features associated with relapse.ResultsClinical relapse occurred in 44 patients. Ulceration, especially in the left colon, was highly predictive of relapse. In the absence of acute inflammation of ulceration, the variables most predictive of relapse were increased plasma cells in the basal 20% of the lamina propria, and eosinophils in the left colon. The variable most predictive of persistent remission was the presence of intra-epithelial eosinophils whether in the surface epithelium or within crypts, especially in the right colon. Lamina propria eosinophils [grade &gt; 2] throughout the colon predicted relapse.ConclusionIn the absence of neutrophils or ulceration, left-sided plasmacytosis in the basal 20% of the lamina propria and increased lamina propria eosinophils provide the best indicators of relapse in UC in clinical and endoscopic remission.
Has the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic reversed the trends in CV mortality between 1999 and 2019 in the United States?
Authors: Kobo Ofer , Abramov Dmitry , Fudim Marat , Sharma Garima , Bang Vijay , Deshpande Ashish , Wadhera Rishi K , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Although cardiovascular (CV) mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how these patterns varied across key subgroups, including age, sex, and race and ethnicity, as well as by specific cause of CV death.

Methods and results
The Centers for Disease Control WONDER database was used to evaluate trends in age-adjusted CV mortality between 1999 and 2020 among US adults aged 18 and older. Overall, there was a 4.6% excess CV mortality in 2020 compared to 2019, which represents an absolute excess of 62 802 deaths. The relative CV mortality increase between 2019 and 2020 was higher for adults under 55 years of age (11.9% relative increase), vs. adults aged 55–74 (7.9% increase), and adults 75 and older (2.2% increase). Hispanic adults experienced a 9.4% increase in CV mortality (7400 excess deaths) vs. 4.3% for non-Hispanic adults (56 760 excess deaths). Black adults experienced the largest % increase in CV mortality at 10.6% (15 477 excess deaths) vs. 3.5% increase (42 907 excess deaths) for White adults. Among individual causes of CV mortality, there was an increase between 2019 and 2020 of 4.3% for ischaemic heart disease (32 293 excess deaths), 15.9% for hypertensive disease (13 800 excess deaths), 4.9% for cerebrovascular disease (11 218 excess deaths), but a decline of 1.4% for heart failure mortality.

Conclusion
The first year of the COVID pandemic in the United States was associated with a reversal in prior trends of improved CV mortality. Increases in CV mortality were most pronounced among Black and Hispanic adults.
Maxillary dimensions and arch shape with palatally displaced canines
Authors: Saade Marianne , Arai Kazuhito , Motro Melih , Saade Antoine , Will Leslie A 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Background/objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of palatally displaced canines on maxillary dimensions and arch shape.

Methods
Occlusal and skeletal landmarks were plotted on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 156 orthodontic patients: 78 with palatally displaced canines (PDC) (27 left, 28 right, and 23 bilateral) and 78 controls using Mimics™ (Materialise, Belgium). Arch forms were created, and arch width, depth, and skeletal dimensions were measured. T-test (P &lt; 0.05) was used to compare the groups. Geometric Morphometrics (GM) analysis was used to compare the groups and to explore the pattern of covariation between two sets of landmarks.

Results
The unilateral PDC group showed an increased first premolar, second premolar, molar widths, and an increased molar depth. No significant difference was found in arch form. The skeletal measurements were generally larger in the PDC group, but the transverse measurements were the most significant. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) with cross-validation allowed an accurate classification of 85.9% of the control group and 66.7% of the PDC group. The Mahalanobis distance displayed significant differences among three combinations of groups. Strong covariance was found between the second premolar and all other landmarks.

Limitations
The small sample sizes of the stratified groups precluded recognition of statistical significance.

Conclusions
Patients with unilateral PDC displayed significantly wider first, second premolar, and first molar widths, and increased first molar depths. There were no significant differences in arch form; however, GM showed significant differences between the groups and a prominent covariance function for the 2nd premolars.
Combining loop with thiazide diuretics for decompensated heart failure: the CLOROTIC trial
Authors: Trullàs Joan Carles , Morales-Rull José Luis , Casado Jesús , Carrera-Izquierdo Margarita , Sánchez-Marteles Marta , Conde-Martel Alicia , Dávila-Ramos Melitón Francisco , Llácer Pau , Salamanca-Bautista Prado , Pérez-Silvestre José , Plasín Miguel Ángel , Cerqueiro José Manuel , Gil Paloma , Formiga Francesc , Manzano Luis ,   CLOROTIC trial investigators, Morales José Luís , Solé Cristina , Carrera Margarita , León Marta , Sánchez Marta , Horna Vanesa Garcés , Conde Alicia , Meneses Marta Hernández , Dávila Melitón Fco , Carballo Carolina Hernández , Casado Jesús , Zabaleta Juan Pedro , Iborra Pau Llàcer , García Mari Carmen Moreno , Trullàs Joan Carles , Bisbe Josep , del Prado Salamanca Bautista María , Bodas Óscar Aramburu , Manzano Luís , Ruiz Raúl , Silvestre José Pérez , Plasín Miguel Ángel , González José Manuel Cerqueiro , Chivite David , Formiga Francesc , Gil Paloma , Jordana Rosa , Villalonga María , Rubio M Inmaculada Páez , Rodrigo José Mª Cepeda , Pérez-Barquero Manuel Montero , Muela Alberto , Mateos Lourdes , Grau Jordi , Armengou Arola , Herrero Almudena , López Raúl Quirós 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate whether the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to intravenous furosemide is a safe and effective strategy for improving diuretic response in acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results
A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, including patients with AHF randomized to receive HCTZ or placebo in addition to an intravenous furosemide regimen. The coprimary endpoints were changes in body weight and patient-reported dyspnoea 72 h after randomization. Secondary outcomes included metrics of diuretic response and mortality/rehospitalizations at 30 and 90 days. Safety outcomes (changes in renal function and/or electrolytes) were also assessed. Two hundred and thirty patients (48% women, 83 years) were randomized. Patients assigned to HCTZ were more likely to lose weight at 72 h than those assigned to placebo [−2.3 vs. −1.5 kg; adjusted estimated difference (notionally 95% confidence interval) −1.14 (−1.84 to −0.42); P = 0.002], but there were no significant differences in patient-reported dyspnoea (area under the curve for visual analogue scale: 960 vs. 720; P = 0.497). These results were similar 96 h after randomization. Patients allocated to HCTZ showed greater 24 h diuresis (1775 vs. 1400 mL; P = 0.05) and weight loss for each 40 mg of furosemide (at 72 and at 96 h) (P &lt; 0.001). Patients assigned to HCTZ more frequently presented impaired renal function (increase in creatinine &gt;26.5 μmoL/L or decrease in eGFR &gt;50%; 46.5 vs. 17.2%; P &lt; 0.001), but hypokalaemia and hypokalaemia were similar between groups. There were no differences in mortality or rehospitalizations.

Conclusion
The addition of HCTZ to loop diuretic therapy improved diuretic response in patients with AHF.