bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young, non‐Hispanic Black men and women exhibit divergent peripheral and cerebral vascular reactivity
Authors: Akins John D. , Martin Zachary T. , Patik Jordan C. , Curtis Bryon M. , Campbell Jeremiah C. , Olvera Guillermo , Brothers R. Matthew 
Published: March 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Do peripheral and cerebral vascular function differ between young non‐Hispanic Black men and women?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The non‐Hispanic Black women in this study presented greater peripheral conduit artery and cerebrovascular reactivity, yet similar peripheral microvascular function relative to the non‐Hispanic Black men. These preliminary findings suggest that young Black women and men possess divergent vascular function, possibly contributing to the unique non‐Hispanic Black sex differences in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

AbstractIn the USA, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain more prominent in the non‐Hispanic Black (BL) population relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Typically, sex differences emerge in the manifestation of these diseases, though these differences may not fully materialize in the BL population. While numerous mechanisms are implicated, differences in vascular function likely contribute. Research has demonstrated blunted vasodilatation in several vascular regions in BL versus non‐Hispanic White individuals, though much of this work did not assess sex differences. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain if indices of vascular function are different between young BL women (BW) and men (BM). Eleven BW and 15 BM (22 (4) vs. 23 (3) years) participated in this study. Each participant underwent testing for brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD), post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia and cerebral vasomotor reactivity during rebreathing‐induced hypercapnia. BW exhibited greater adjusted FMD than BM (P < 0.05 for all), but similar or lower reactive hyperaemia when assessed as blood velocity (P > 0.39 for all) or blood flow reactivity (P < 0.05 for all), respectively. Across a range of hypercapnia, BW had greater middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebrovascular conductance index than BM (P < 0.001 for both). These preliminary data suggest that young BW have greater vascular function relative to young BM, though this was inconsistent across different indices. These findings provide insight into the divergent epidemiological findings between BM and BW. Further research is needed to elucidate possible mechanisms and relate these physiological responses to epidemiological observations.
Novel mechanosensory role for acid sensing ion channel subtype 1a in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in rats with heart failure
Authors: Butenas Alec L. E. , Rollins Korynne S. , Parr Shannon K. , Hammond Stephen T. , Ade Carl J. , Hageman K. Sue , Musch Timothy I. , Copp Steven W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanical and metabolic signals associated with skeletal muscle contraction stimulate the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents, which, in turn, generates reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (the exercise pressor reflex; EPR). EPR activation in patients and animals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF‐rEF) results in exaggerated increases in SNA and promotes exercise intolerance. In the healthy decerebrate rat, a subtype of acid sensing ion channel (ASIC) on the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents, namely ASIC1a, has been shown to contribute to the metabolically sensitive portion of the EPR (i.e. metaboreflex), but not the mechanically sensitive portion of the EPR (i.e. the mechanoreflex). However, the role played by ASIC1a in evoking the EPR in HF‐rEF is unknown. We hypothesized that, in decerebrate, unanaesthetized HF‐rEF rats, injection of the ASIC1a antagonist psalmotoxin‐1 (PcTx‐1; 100 ng) into the hindlimb arterial supply would reduce the reflex increase in renal SNA (RSNA) evoked via 30 s of electrically induced static hindlimb muscle contraction, but not static hindlimb muscle stretch (model of mechanoreflex activation isolated from contraction‐induced metabolite‐production). We found that PcTx‐1 reduced the reflex increase in RSNA evoked in response to muscle contraction (n = 8; mean (SD) ∫ΔRSNA pre: 1343 (588) a.u.; post: 816 (573) a.u.; P = 0.026) and muscle stretch (n = 6; ∫ΔRSNA pre: 688 (583) a.u.; post: 304 (370) a.u.; P = 0.025). Our data suggest that, in HF‐rEF rats, ASIC1a contributes to activation of the exercise pressor reflex and that contribution includes a novel role for ASIC1a in mechanosensation that is not present in healthy rats.Key points
Skeletal muscle contraction results in exaggerated reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure patients compared to healthy counterparts, which likely contributes to increased cardiovascular risk and impaired tolerance for even mild exercise (i.e. activities of daily living) for patients suffering with this condition.
Activation of acid sensing ion channel subtype 1a (ASIC1a) on the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents during skeletal muscle contraction contributes to reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, at least in healthy subjects.
In this study, we demonstrate that ASIC1a on the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents plays a role in both the mechanical and metabolic components of the exercise pressor reflex in male rats with heart failure.
The present data identify a novel role for ASIC1a in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in heart failure and may have important clinical implications for heart failure patients.
Activation of histamine type 2 receptors enhances intrinsic excitability of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Aceto Giuseppe , Nardella Luca , Nanni Simona , Pecci Valeria , Bertozzi Alessia , Colussi Claudia , D'Ascenzo Marcello , Grassi Claudio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHistaminergic neurons are exclusively located in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus, from where they project to many brain areas including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain area that integrates diverse monoaminergic inputs to coordinate motivated behaviours. While the NAc expresses various histamine receptor subtypes, the mechanisms by which histamine modulates NAc activity are still poorly understood. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, we found that pharmacological activation of histamine 2 (H2) receptors elevates the excitability of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs), while activation of H1 receptors failed to significantly affect MSN excitability. The evoked firing of MSNs increased after seconds of local H2 agonist administration and remained elevated for minutes. H2 receptor (H2R) activation accelerated subthreshold depolarization in response to current injection, reduced the latency to fire, diminished action potential afterhyperpolarization and increased the action potential half‐width. The increased excitability was protein kinase A‐dependent and associated with decreased A‐type K+ currents. In addition, selective pharmacological inhibition of the Kv4.2 channel, the main molecular determinant of A‐type K+ currents in MSNs, mimicked and occluded the increased excitability induced by H2R activation. Our results indicate that histaminergic transmission in the NAc increases MSN intrinsic excitability through H2R‐dependent modulation of Kv4.2 channels. Activation of H2R will significantly alter spike firing in MSNs in vivo, and this effect could be an important mechanism by which these receptors mediate certain aspects of goal‐induced behaviours.Key points
Histamine is synthesized and released by hypothalamic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus and serves as a general modulator for whole‐brain activity including the nucleus accumbens.
Histamine receptors type 2 (HR2), which are expressed in the nucleus accumbens, couple to Gαs/off proteins which elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and activate protein kinase A.
Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings revealed that H2R activation increased the evoked firing in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens via protein kinase A‐dependent mechanisms.
HR2 activation accelerated subthreshold depolarization in response to current injection, reduced the latency to fire, diminished action potential medium after‐hyperpolarization and increased the action potential half‐width. HR2 activation also reduced A‐type potassium current.
Selective pharmacological inhibition of the Kv4.2 channel mimicked and occluded the increased excitability induced by H2R activation.
A Dynamic System Model for Roll-to-Roll Dry Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials and Printed Electronics
Authors: Zhao Qishen , Hong Nan , Chen Dongmei , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) dry transfer is an important process for manufacturing of large-scale two-dimensional (2D) materials and printed flexible electronics. Existing research has demonstrated the feasibility of dry transfer of 2D materials in a roll-to-roll setting with mechanical peeling. However, the process presents a significant challenge to system control due to the lack of understanding of the mechanical peeling behavior and the complexity of the nonlinear system dynamics. In this study, an R2R peeling process model is developed to understand the dynamic interaction among the peeling process parameters, including adhesion energy, peeling force, angle, and speed. Both simulation and experimental studies are conducted to validate the model. It is shown that the dynamic system model can capture the transient behavior of the R2R mechanical peeling process and be used for the process analysis and control design.
Effect of rapeseed straw-derived biochar on soil bacterial community structure at tillering stage of Oryza Sativa
Authors: Zhao Chunrong , Yin Xiaohong , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo , Abou-Elwafa Salah F. , Huang Min 
Published: March 2022

Numerous studies have reported the dynamics of microbes when biochar was applied, whereas the information on the alterations of bacterial community after application of rapeseed straw-derived biochar is limited. A pot experiment with two rapeseed straw-derived biochar application treatments (with biochar application at the rate of 200 g/pot, C1, and without biochar application, 0 g/pot, C0) was conducted. No significant differences were observed in the number of operational taxonomic units, observed species, Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1, ACE, and phylogenetic diversity whole tree between the C1 and C0 treatments. Taxonomic analysis at the phylum level showed that the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Parcubacteria were higher in the C1 treatment compared to the C0 treatment, while Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Berkelbacteria, and Latescibacteria were observed with higher abundance in the C0 treatment compared to the C1 treatment. Taxonomic analysis at the genus level showed that the abundances of Gracilibacter, Lentimicrobium, unidentified Rikenellaceae, Hydrogenophaga, and Bacillus were higher in the C1 treatment compared to the C0 treatment, while Candidatus Solibacter, Candidatus Koribacter, and Lutispora abundances were found to be higher in the C0 treatment compared to the C1 treatment. Obvious clusters were observed between the C1 and C0 treatments in both principal component analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. These results indicate that soil bacterial community was altered after rapeseed straw-derived biochar was applied.
Background reduction at the KATRIN experiment by the shifted analysing plane configuration
Authors: Lokhov Alexey , Bieringer Benedikt , Drexlin Guido , Dyba Stephan , Gauda Kevin , Fränkle Florian , Glück Ferenc , Hannen Volker , Hinz Dominic , Mertens Susanne , Rodenbeck Caroline , Schaller Anna , Weinheimer Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe KATRIN experiment aims at measuring the electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$$^2$$

2

after 5 years of data taking. Recently a new upper limit for the neutrino mass of 0.8 eV/c$$^2$$

2

(90% CL) was obtained. To reach the design sensitivity, a reduction of the background rate by one order of magnitude is required. The shifted analysing plane (SAP) configuration exploits a specific shaping of the electric and magnetic fields in the KATRIN main spectrometer to reduce the spectrometer background by a factor of two. We discuss the general idea of the SAP configuration and describe the main features of this novel measurement mode.
Finite temperature applications in Gödel space-time
Authors: Santos A. F. , Khanna Faqir C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature effects in a scalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity are investigated. The Thermo Field Dynamics formalism is used. This is a topological field theory that allows us to calculate different effects, such as the Stefan–Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect, on an equal footing. These phenomena are calculated assuming the Gödel space-time as a gravitational background. A possible implication of these results at the beginning of the universe is discussed.
Crust first–mantle second and mantle first–crust second; lithospheric break-up scenarios along the Indian margins
Authors: Nemčok Michal , Pospíšil Lubomil , Melnik Anastasia , Henk Andreas , Doré Anthony G. , Rybár Samuel , Sinha Sudipta T. , Choudhuri Mainak , Sharma Suraj P. , Stuart Charles J. , Welker Chelsea , Sinha Neeraj , Nuttall Peter , Venkatraman Sujata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Compared segments of the East and West Indian passive margins have different evolutions and crustal architecture. The East Indian margin is less magmatic. It results from a crust first–mantle second break-up scenario of a continent experiencing two rift events. The West Indian margin is more magmatic. It results from a mantle first–crust second break-up scenario of a continent experiencing four rift events. The architecture across both margins can be divided into stretching, thinning and hyperextension zones. The East Indian margin is characterized by oceanward-dipping listric normal faults that accommodate thinning in the thinning and hyperextension zones, and a zone of exhumed mantle separating continental and oceanic crusts. The West Indian margin in contrast is characterized by landward-dipping listric faults that accommodate magma-assisted thinning in the thinning and hyperextension zones, and no exhumed mantle. The final break-up affects the lithospheric mantle layer in the East Indian case and the crustal layer in the West Indian case. Although the temperature-dependent rheologies of these two last unbroken layers are somewhat different, seismic interpretation suggests that they are both broken by upward-convex normal faults, which succeeded the development of listric faults. They appear to be the first spontaneously formed faults in the break-up-delivering process, although their nucleation may be magma-assisted. The main difference between the controlling factors of the aforementioned break-up scenarios affecting similar lithospheres at similar extension rates is the cumulative length of time of the pre-break-up rift events, which is 62 and 115 myr for the East and West Indian margins, respectively.
The potential for REEs in igneous-related apatite deposits in Europe
Authors: Decrée Sophie , Coint Nolwenn , Debaille Vinciane , Hagen-Peter Graham , Leduc Thierry , Schiellerup Henrik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Phosphate rocks and rare earth elements (REEs) as potential by-products are listed as Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) by the European Commission. In Europe, igneous-related phosphate deposits are associated with carbonatites, alkaline complexes, (ultra)mafic intrusions, iron oxide–apatite (IOA) and iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) mineralization, and granites or are formed in a metasomatic/hydrothermal context. To provide an overview of these deposits and assess their potential in CRMs, a database gathering
in situ
analyses of apatite was compiled. The data emphasize the significant REE enrichment of apatite related to alkaline complexes and carbonatites. They also guide the use of apatite in mineral exploration, based on distinct geochemical characteristics. Among the latter are the Sr, Mn, total REE and Y contents of apatite, the degree of light and middle REE enrichment, the Eu anomaly, and the tetrad effect. Additional bulk-rock analyses combined with estimates of reserves/resources of the deposits indicate a sub-economic potential of REEs to be exploited as by-products of phosphate mining at Kodal, Bjerkreim–Sokndal and in the northern Norrbotten district (Sweden). This study helps to identify new deposits/areas of interest for CRM exploration in Europe that could contribute to decreasing the supply risk for these raw materials through domestic production.
Encoder-Decoder Networks for Analyzing Thermal and Power Delivery Networks
Authors: Chhabria Vidya A. , Ahuja Vipul , Prabhu Ashwath , Patil Nikhil , Jain Palkesh , Sapatnekar Sachin S. 
Published: March 2022

Power delivery network (PDN) analysis and thermal analysis are computationally expensive tasks that are essential for successful integrated circuit (IC) design. Algorithmically, both these analyses have similar computational structure and complexity as they involve the solution to a partial differential equation of the same form. This article converts these analyses into image-to-image and sequence-to-sequence translation tasks, which allows leveraging a class of machine learning models with an encoder-decoder–based generative (EDGe) architecture to address the time-intensive nature of these tasks. For PDN analysis, we propose two networks: (i) IREDGe: a full-chip static and dynamic IR drop predictor and (ii) EMEDGe: electromigration (EM) hotspot classifier based on input power, power grid distribution, and power pad distribution patterns. For thermal analysis, we propose ThermEDGe, a full-chip static and dynamic temperature estimator based on input power distribution patterns for thermal analysis. These networks are transferable across designs synthesized within the same technology and packing solution. The networks predict on-chip IR drop, EM hotspot locations, and temperature in milliseconds with negligibly small errors against commercial tools requiring several hours.
Influence of Dietary Inositol Supplementation on Growth, Liver Histology, Lipid Metabolism, and Related Genes Expression on Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) Fed High-Lipid Diets
Authors: Pan Simiao , Yan Xiaobo , Dong Xiaohui , Li Tao , Suo Xiangxiang , Liu Hao , Tan Beiping , Zhang Shuang , Li Zhihao , Yang Yuanzhi , Zhang Haitao 
Published: March 2022

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inositol on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and expression of lipid related genes of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) (initial body weight

6.76
±
0.34

g). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic (16.35%) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of inositol (0.17 g/kg (J1), 0.62 g/kg (J2), 1.03 g/kg (J3), 1.78 g/kg (J4), 3.43 g/kg (J5), and 6.59 g/kg (J6)). The results indicated that (a) weight gain rate appeared gradually increasing trend and significant increase in four inositol treatments (J3, J4, J5, and J6) (

P
<
0.05

). Protein efficiency ratio was slightly improved in the J4 group (

P
<
0.05

), but there was no significant difference exhibiting in survival rate between the inositol-treated groups and the control group (

P
>
0.05

). (b) In serum, dietary inositol significantly reduced the contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein, and clearly increased the content of high-density lipoprotein (

P
<
0.05

). In the liver, dietary inositol significantly decreased contents of TG, TC, and very low-density lipoprotein (

P
<
0.05

). The activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and adipose triglyceride lipase were slightly improved in the inositol-treated groups (

P
<
0.05

). (c) With increasing of inositol supplement, decreasing of lipid droplet could be observed in hepatocyte. (d) In the liver, dietary inositol significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) (

P
<
0.05

), while it remarkably upregulated the mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 (CPT1) (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, dietary inositol improved growth and reduced lipid composition in the liver of hybrid grouper through decreasing of fatty acid synthesis and increasing of lipid catabolism. Under the experimental conditions, broken-line regression analysis showed that 1.23~1.67 g/kg dietary inositol was recommended in juvenile grouper high-lipid diets.
Inference of Multiplicative Factors Underlying Neural Variability in Calcium Imaging Data
Authors: Triplett Marcus A. , Goodhill Geoffrey J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding brain function requires disentangling the high-dimensional activity of populations of neurons. Calcium imaging is an increasingly popular technique for monitoring such neural activity, but computational tools for interpreting extracted calcium signals are lacking. While there has been a substantial development of factor analysis-type methods for neural spike train analysis, similar methods targeted at calcium imaging data are only beginning to emerge. Here we develop a flexible modeling framework that identifies low-dimensional latent factors in calcium imaging data with distinct additive and multiplicative modulatory effects. Our model includes spike-and-slab sparse priors that regularize additive factor activity and gaussian process priors that constrain multiplicative effects to vary only gradually, allowing for the identification of smooth and interpretable changes in multiplicative gain. These factors are estimated from the data using a variational expectation-maximization algorithm that requires a differentiable reparameterization of both continuous and discrete latent variables. After demonstrating our method on simulated data, we apply it to experimental data from the zebrafish optic tectum, uncovering low-dimensional fluctuations in multiplicative excitability that govern trial-to-trial variation in evoked responses.
Hurricane Forecasting: A Novel Multimodal Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Boussioux Léonard , Zeng Cynthia , Guénais Théo , Bertsimas Dimitris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a novel machine learning (ML) framework for tropical cyclone intensity and track forecasting, combining multiple ML techniques and utilizing diverse data sources. Our multimodal framework, called Hurricast, efficiently combines spatial–temporal data with statistical data by extracting features with deep learning encoder–decoder architectures and predicting with gradient-boosted trees. We evaluate our models in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins in 2016–19 for 24-h lead-time track and intensity forecasts and show they achieve comparable mean absolute error and skill to current operational forecast models while computing in seconds. Furthermore, the inclusion of Hurricast into an operational forecast consensus model could improve upon the National Hurricane Center’s official forecast, thus highlighting the complementary properties with existing approaches. In summary, our work demonstrates that utilizing machine learning techniques to combine different data sources can lead to new opportunities in tropical cyclone forecasting.

Significance Statement
Machine learning techniques have not been fully explored for improving tropical cyclone movement and intensity changes. This work shows how advanced machine learning techniques combined with routinely available information can be used to improve 24-h tropical cyclone forecasts efficiently. The successes demonstrated for 24-h forecasts provide a recipe for improving predictions for longer lead times, further reducing forecast uncertainties and benefiting society.