bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with type 1 diabetes mellitus in emerging adulthood: A qualitative study
Authors: Fioretti Chiara , Mugnaini Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have investigated the impact of diabetes considering its effects on developmental tasks that are typical of emerging adulthood. The present study aimed to investigate how emerging adults with a chronic condition such as type 1 diabetes mellitus manage with this developmental phase.Methods30 emerging adults diagnosed with diabetes (18–34 years, females = 19) took part in an autobiographical interview investigating their experience of dealing with type 1 diabetes. Narratives were analysed by means of a qualitative thematic analysis of an inductive type.ResultsThematic analysis pointed out five thematic areas strictly related to the tasks of emerging adulthood: the development of intimate relationships, university life, work and plans for the future, the achievement of individual autonomy, the construction of an adult identity and family planning. Every thematic area reported a number of subthemes related to specific difficulties experienced by participants in reaching their developmental tasks due to chronic disease. Emerged themes considered both negative and positive outcomes of living with type 1 diabetes mellitus in emerging adulthood, such as a personal growth related to identity development.ConclusionThe authors discussed results considering complexities and resources associated with diabetes in the light of developmental tasks of emerging adulthood.
Accumulation of misfolded SOD1 outlines distinct patterns of motor neuron pathology and death during disease progression in a SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Salvany Sara , Casanovas Anna , Piedrafita Lídia , Gras Sílvia , Calderó Jordi , Esquerda Josep E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 (mfSOD1) accumulation, motor neuron (MN) degeneration, and microgliosis are hallmark pathological features in SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. Because of the different vulnerabilities of distinct MN subtypes, degenerating and surviving MNs coexist in different proportions during disease progression. By examining the expression of misfolded conformers of SOD1 using specific antibodies, we defined distinct MN phenotypes that were evaluated during disease progression and the local neuroinflammatory reaction. The most severe phenotype corresponded to somata of fast‐twitch subtype MNs, which exhibited highly positive mfSOD1 immunostaining and an extreme degree of vacuolar degeneration. Vacuoles, which are of mitochondrial origin, contain mfSOD1 in conjunction with nonmitochondrial proteins, such as chromogranin, CD81, and flotillin. The fusion of ER‐derived vesicles enriched in mfSOD1 with outer mitochondrial membranes is thought to be the primary mechanism for vacuole formation. In addition, the ulterior coalescence of enlarged mitochondria may lead to the formation of giant vacuoles. Vacuolar degeneration is a transient degenerative process occurring early during the presymptomatic stages of the disease in ALS mice. Some vacuolated MNs are also positive for pMLKL, the effector protein of necroptosis. This indicates a newly described mechanism in which extracellular vesicles derived from damaged MNs, via cellular secretion or necroptotic disruption, may be the triggers for initiating neuroinflammation, glial‐mediated neurotoxicity, and disease spreading. Furthermore, as MN degeneration in mutant SOD1 mice is noncell autonomous, the effects of experimentally increasing or decreasing the microglial response on the expression of MN phenotypes were also evaluated, demonstrating bidirectional cross talk signaling between the degree of expression of mfSOD1 and local neuroinflammation. More detailed knowledge regarding these processes occurring long before the end stages of the disease is necessary to identify novel molecular targets for future preclinical testing.
Seven myths of ESG
Authors: Larcker David F. , Tayan Brian , Watts Edward M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations have dominated the discussion of corporate purpose in recent years. We examine commonly accepted notions about ESG that are foundational to the discussion but receive little critical analysis. We conclude that decisions about ESG would improve if they were based on empirical evidence and theoretical research in this field.
Genome‐wide association studies in Japanese women identified genetic loci associated with wrinkles and sagging
Authors: Okuno Ryosuke , Inoue Yu , Hasebe Yuichi , Igarashi Toshio , Kawagishi‐Hotta Mika , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWrinkles and sagging are caused by various factors, such as ultraviolet rays; however, recent findings demonstrated that some individuals are genetically predisposed to these phenotypes of skin aging. The contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the development of wrinkles and sagging has been demonstrated in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). However, these findings were mainly obtained from European and Chinese populations. Limited information is currently available on the involvement of SNPs in the development of wrinkles and sagging in a Japanese population. Therefore, we herein performed GWAS on wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes and nasolabial folds in 1041 Japanese women. The results obtained revealed that 5 SNPs (19p13.2: rs2303098 (p = 3.39 × 10−8), rs56391955 (p = 3.39 × 10−8), rs67560822 (p = 3.50 × 10−8), rs889126 (p = 3.78 × 10−8), rs57490083 (p = 3.99 × 10−8)) located within the COL5A3 gene associated with wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes. Regarding nasolabial folds, 8q24.11 (rs4876369; p = 1.05 × 10−7, rs6980503; p = 1.25 × 10−7, rs61027543; p = 1.25 × 10−7, rs16889363; p = 1.38 × 10−7) was suggested to be associated with RAD21 gene expression. These SNPs have not been reported in other populations, and were first found in Japanese women population. These SNPs may be used as markers to examine the genetic predisposition of individuals to wrinkles and sagging.
Food geographies ‘in’, ‘of’ and ‘for’ the Anthropocene: Introducing the issue and main themes
Authors: Maye Damian , Coles Ben , Evans David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Anthropocene provides a useful way to think through all manner of human–environment processes and challenges. This is especially pronounced in relation to food and farming, which are heavily implicated in changes to the Earth's biophysical and chemical processes. Yet, despite burgeoning interest in the Anthropocene as a concept, it is comparatively absent from recent developments in food geography. This is surprising given the profound impacts of food and agriculture on biogeochemical flows and geographical strata, and given future predictions regarding ‘Anthropogenic climate change.’ The objective of this Theme Issue therefore, and the five papers that comprise it, is to redress this by directly connecting and drawing together social science scholarship that examines food geographies ‘in,’ ‘of’ and ‘for’ the Anthropocene. The Theme Issue papers engage with different aspects of the Anthropocene as spatial phenomena and here we integrate relevant arguments from each, alongside wider agri‐food geographical scholarship, to explain what we mean by food geographies ‘in,’ ‘of’ and ‘for’ the Anthropocene. In doing so, we respond to Tsing and colleagues' (2019, Current Anthropology 60, S186–97) call for a spatial as well as temporal treatment of the Anthropocene. These spatial expressions are also key to the proliferation of terms that have accompanied developments in Anthropocene scholarship. We conclude by offering up some brief reflections on a future research agenda. An important first step is to conceptualise food geographies ‘in,’ ‘of’ and ‘for’ the Anthropocene, including accounts that ground and potentially unsettle food and the Anthropocene as Capitalocene (Moore, 2016, Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, history, and the crisis of capitalism) and food and the Anthropocene as more‐than‐human (Haraway, 2016, Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucen). A second step is to address key contemporary Anthropogenic agri‐food relations, especially those that are already in flux or transition. A final priority for future research is to deepen and extend the ethics of care and moral food geographies of the Anthropocene imperative.
The legacy of haemophilia: Memories and reflections from three survivors
Authors: Farrugia Albert , Smit Cees , Buzzi Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFollowing the publication of a book of personal memories by one of us (CS1,2), we have attempted to synthesis our joint memories of three ageing men, born in the era preceding universal access to treatment, in an attempt to describe our experience, our challenges and our reflections on the development of therapies, which have ensured that our experience of growing up with haemophilia in the 1950s and 1960s has not been mirrored by the current generation of patients. We describe our upbringing in different parts of Europe in health care systems which, while of varying standards, were all unable to offer the kind of care which developed after the development of specific therapies. We assess the effect of the contamination of these therapies by blood‐borne pathogens on our own development, and the development of our communities around us. In addition, we reflect on the lessons learnt, sometimes painfully, by our generation of people with haemophilia and how some of these enabled us to overcome substantial hurdles, survive and build productive lives. Finally, we survey the development of therapies in the past 20 years, and offer some reflections on how our experience can be integrated in a realistic expectation of what the future holds for our community, in our own affluent societies and in countries less advantaged economically. We hope that our thoughts may contribute to continued progress in the field of haemophilia care.
Lean/normal‐weight metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease is a risk factor for reflux esophagitis
Authors: Fukunaga Shuhei , Nakano Dan , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Kawaguchi Takumi , Eslam Mohammed , Yoshinaga Shinobu , Abe Hirohiko , Nouno Ryuichi , Joh Seiya , Mitsuyama Keiichi , George Jacob , Torimura Takuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimReflux esophagitis is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Recently, fatty liver has been redefined as metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We investigated the impact of MAFLD and its subtypes on the incidence of reflux esophagitis.MethodsThis multicenter, observational cohort study enrolled 9100 consecutive health‐check examinees who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ultrasonography. All patients were classified into the MAFLD or non‐MAFLD group. Based on the Asian cut‐off value for body mass index (BMI), the MAFLD group was further classified into the lean/normal‐weight (BMI <23 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) subgroups. The impact of MAFLD and its subtypes on the cumulative incidence of reflux esophagitis was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.ResultsMAFLD was diagnosed in 26.5% (2416/9100) of patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that MAFLD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.2183; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0954–1.3550; p = 0.0003), hiatal hernia, and aging were independent risk factors for reflux esophagitis. Stratification analysis indicated that cumulative incidence of reflux esophagitis among patients with MAFLD was significantly higher in the lean/normal‐weight than in the overweight/obese group (HR 1.3274; 95% CI 1.0043–1.7547; p = 0.0466). Among various metabolic factors, visceral adiposity was the only independent metabolic risk factor for reflux esophagitis (HR 2.8331; 95% CI 1.0201–7.8691; p = 0.0457) in the lean/normal‐weight MAFLD group.ConclusionsMAFLD, in particular lean/normal‐weight MAFLD, is independent risk factor for reflux esophagitis. Furthermore, visceral adiposity was identified as the most strong metabolic risk factor for reflux esophagitis in lean/normal‐weight patients with MAFLD.
Preclinical 3D‐printed laboratory simulation of deep caries and the exposed pulp reduced student anxiety and stress, while increasing confidence and knowledge in vital pulp treatment
Authors: Chevalier Valérie , Dessert Marjolaine , Fouillen Kevin John , Lennon Sile , Duncan Henry Fergus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of a preclinical laboratory session using 3D printed teeth on dental student stress, anxiety, confidence and knowledge when treating deep caries and pulp exposure.MethodologyThis was a two‐centre controlled study, with randomized distribution of students into two groups: a vital pulp treatment (VPT) lecture‐only (control) group and a VPT‐lecture combined with a VPT‐laboratory (experimental) group. In both universities, preclinical students with endodontic or operative dentistry laboratory sessions could participate. All students were invited to the lecture. Two weeks later (timepoint‐T1), both groups completed validated and bespoke questionnaires and scales to evaluate their stress (Stress‐VAS), anxiety (STAI Trait [T] and State [S]), self‐confidence and knowledge. Thereafter, only the experimental group attended the hands‐on laboratory session demonstrating the techniques of selective caries removal and partial pulpotomy on a commercial 3D‐printed tooth. Two weeks later (timepoint‐T2), the participants from both groups repopulated the same questionnaires and VAS. The control group had the laboratory session after the completion of the study. The statistical analysis was performed with Statistica® (significance p = .05). The homogeneity between the two samples was checked by Khi2 and Student tests. Stress‐VAS, STAI‐S, confidence and knowledge scores were compared within each group, and between the two groups, at T1 and T2, with a repeated measures anova test (+/−Tukey post‐hoc test).ResultsThe groups comprised 54 students each, with no statistical difference between the groups regarding demographic, academic data and STAI‐T score. The two groups had no significant difference of Stress‐VAS, STAI‐S, confidence and knowledge scores at T1 while they presented a significant difference in stress, anxiety and confidence scores at T2, but with no significant difference in knowledge score. However, knowledge score, as other parameters, improved significantly between T1 and T2 in the experimental group.ConclusionsThe addition of a laboratory session using 3D‐printed teeth that simulated deep caries and pulp exposure management, significantly reduced the stress and anxiety of students and increased their confidence. Within the limitations of this study, the benefit of introducing new technology in increasing student confidence and reducing stress offers opportunity for educational improvement in the VPT and cariology areas.
Sodium butyrate reverses lipopolysaccharide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in lymphoblasts
Authors: Weiss Scott L. , Zhang Donglan , Farooqi Sumera , Wallace Douglas C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractButyrate is a short‐chain fatty acid that is produced by commensal microbes within the intestinal microbiome through fermentation of dietary fibre. Microbial‐derived butyrate has been shown to promote immunologic and metabolic homeostasis, in part through its beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, and thus has been proposed as a possible anti‐inflammatory therapy. We tested the hypothesis that butyrate could mitigate the decrease in mitochondrial respiration in immune cells under septic conditions as a preliminary step towards better understanding the potential for butyrate as a novel therapy in sepsis. Mitochondrial respiration and content (measured as citrate synthase activity) were compared within four Epstein–Barr virus‐transformed lymphoblast (LB) cell lines exposed to either control media or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ng/ml. Both co‐incubation of LBs with LPS + butyrate and treatment with butyrate after LPS stimulation reversed the decrease in mitochondrial respiration observed in LBs exposed to LPS without butyrate. Neither LPS nor butyrate led to significant changes in citrate synthase activity. The preliminary findings support further investigation of a potential mitochondrial‐based mechanism through which butyrate may help to mitigate the immuno‐inflammatory response in sepsis.
High prevalence of depressive symptoms among people with pediatric‐onset and adolescent‐onset type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Diabetes Study from the Center of Tokyo Women's Medical University
Authors: Takaike Hiroko , Miura Junnosuke , Ishizawa Kaya , Babazono Tetsuya 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms by the age of onset of type 1 diabetes, and its association with the condition of individuals with pediatric‐ and adolescent‐onset type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis single‐center cross‐sectional study enrolled Japanese participants with type 1 diabetes. All participants completed a questionnaire about their diabetes‐related condition and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, which was used to evaluate depression. Individuals with a Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score of ≥10 points were defined as having moderate depressive symptoms.ResultsA total of 1,267 participants (mean age 40 years; mean duration of type 1 diabetes 21 years; 68% female; mean glycated hemoglobin 7.8%) were included and classified according to the age of onset of type 1 diabetes to identify the proportion of moderate depressive symptoms in each group: 21% (0–12 years), 18% (13–19 years) and 13% (20–40 years). The prevalence of moderate depressive symptoms was significantly higher among participants with pediatric‐onset type 1 diabetes (P < 0.05). Moderate depressive symptoms were associated with increased glycated hemoglobin, neuropathy and hypoglycemia unawareness.ConclusionsRegular screening for depressive symptoms and hypoglycemia awareness is important. Healthcare professionals should provide appropriate psychosocial care for people with pediatric‐onset and adolescent‐onset type 1 diabetes from childhood through to adulthood.
Serious diabetic ketoacidosis induced by insulin allergy and anti‐insulin antibody in an individual with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takahashi Kaio , Anno Takatoshi , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Horiya Megumi , Kimura Yukiko , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kaku Kohei , Tomoda Koichi , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus, and is characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and increased total ketone body concentrations. The main mechanism of DKA is a lack of insulin in the body. It has been reported that some immunological response is associated with insulin therapy. Herein, we report a case of serious DKA, which was induced by insulin allergy and anti‐insulin antibody. This case clearly shows that DKA can be induced by insulin allergy and anti‐insulin antibodies in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Furthermore, we should know that as the required insulin dose might be very high under severe insulin resistance and serious DKA in such cases, we should increase the insulin dose appropriately while monitoring pH, base excess and other factors.
Association of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among an urban population of Iran: One decade follow up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Asgari Samaneh , Masrouri Soroush , Hosseinpour‐Niazi Somaye , Moslehi Nazanin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHM) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among Iranian men and women.Materials and MethodsThe study population included 7,488 Iranian adults aged ≥20 years (4,236 women) free from diabetes at baseline. The ICVHM was defined according to the American Heart Association's 2020 impact goals. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for ICVHM both as continuous and categorical variables.ResultsOver the median of 9.1 years of follow‐up, we identified 922 new cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (526 women). Body mass index <30 kg/m2, untreated systolic/diastolic blood pressure <120/80 mmHg in both sexes, and physical activity ≥1,500 MET min/week (only among men) were significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Each additional unit in the ICVHM was associated with a 21 and 15% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women, respectively (P‐values <0.05). Compared with participants having poor cardiovascular health, the HR for type 2 diabetes mellitus risk was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.85) and 0.35 (95% CI 0.21–0.59) for men with intermediate and ideal CVHM, respectively. The corresponding values for women were 0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.97) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.15–0.60), respectively. In a subpopulation with nutritional data (n = 2,236), ideal and intermediate nutritional status was associated with 83 and 77% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus only among women (P‐values <0.05).ConclusionWe found a strong inverse association between having higher global ICVHM with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus; which is mainly attributable to normal blood pressure, normal body weight, and intensive physical activity (only for men).
PP2A interacts with KATANIN to promote microtubule organization and conical cell morphogenesis
Authors: Ren Huibo , Rao Jinqiu , Tang Min , Li Yaxing , Dang Xie , Lin Deshu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for cell and organ morphogenesis. The evolutionarily conserved microtubule‐severing enzyme KATANIN plays critical roles in microtubule organization in the plant and animal kingdoms. We previously used conical cell of Arabidopsis thaliana petals as a model system to investigate cortical microtubule organization and cell morphogenesis and determined that KATANIN promotes the formation of circumferential cortical microtubule arrays in conical cells. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved protein phosphatase PP2A interacts with and dephosphorylates KATANIN to promote the formation of circumferential cortical microtubule arrays in conical cells. KATANIN undergoes cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Using co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified PP2A subunits as KATANIN‐interacting proteins. Further biochemical studies showed that PP2A interacts with and dephosphorylates KATANIN to stabilize its cellular abundance. Similar to the katanin mutant, mutants for genes encoding PP2A subunits showed disordered cortical microtubule arrays and defective conical cell shape. Taken together, these findings identify PP2A as a regulator of conical cell shape and suggest that PP2A mediates KATANIN phospho‐regulation during plant cell morphogenesis.