bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different antidiabetic medications on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter non-interventional observational study
Authors: Gillani Syed Wasif , Syed Sulaiman Syed Azhar , Menon Vineetha , Rahamathullah Nazeerullah , Elshafie Riham Mohamed , Rathore Hassaan Anwer 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes associated with different combinations of oral diabetic drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Method
A prospective multicenter longitudinal, noninterventional observation study design was applied. At baseline (0 month), clinical parameters including glucose profile, renal function, lipid profile and risk assessment for cardiovascular risks were calculated. Mean Weighted difference (MWD) with heterogeneity and effect z was calculated to determine the risk reduction at the end of the study.

Results
A total of 1,657 were enrolled to different cohorts with response rate of 75.5%. The distribution of patients was based on prescribed drug. A total of 513 (30.9%) in G1 (metformin alone), 217 (13.09%) in G2 (metformin with Glimepiride), 231 (12.85%) in G3 (Metformin with Gliclazide), 384 (23.17%) in G4 (metformin with Sitagliptin) and 312 (18.89%) in G5 (Metformin with Saxagliptin). There was no significant different in all clinical and social variables at baseline. The Intergroup analysis showed significant differences with all the primary outcome variables except BMI (p = 0.217) and eGFR (p = 0.782) among patients using sulphonylurea (SU) combination (G2 & G3). Findings also showed significant high frequency of emergency visit and hospitalization in G1 (78.16% & 30.8%) as compared to SU (70.1% & 28.3%, p = 0.001) and DPP-4 (56.6% & 20.4%, p = 0.001). The overall reported effect was z = 2.58, p = 0.001 for ASCVD risk reduction assessment.

Conclusion
The study concluded that significant effect of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on reduction of hospitalization, lipid profile and also ASCVD risk score of type-II diabetes mellitus patients regardless of clinical comorbidities. Also, sulfonylurea combinations have showed significant reduction in LDL and triglycerides values.
Conventional androgen deprivation therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in advanced prostate cancer, a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Li Jian-Ri , Wang Shian-Shiang , Chen Chuan-Shu , Cheng Chen-Li , Hung Sheng-Chun , Lin Ching-Heng , Chiu Kun-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment in advanced prostate cancer. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to evaluate the association of ADT and cardiovascular diseases.

Methods
Between 2005 and 2009, patient data from the National Health Insurance database were obtained. We divided newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients into four groups, injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists, oral antiandrogens, orchiectomy and radical prostatectomy only. Another matched non-cancerous control group was also assigned for comparison purposes. Study outcomes were newly onset Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and hospital admissions. Multi-variant Cox proportional regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method for cumulative incidence were performed.

Results
A total of 17,147 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients were found. After exclusion criteria was considered, the 2,565 remaining patients were then divided into 1,088 subjects in the injection group, 286 in the orchiectomy group, 812 in the oral group and 379 in the radical prostatectomy only group. The mean age of all the patients was 71.2 years. Multi-variant analysis showed a significantly increased risk of CVD in the injection group, orchiectomy group, oral group and radical prostatectomy group (HR = 2.94, 95% CI 2.51 to 3.45, p<0.001, HR = 3.43, 95% CI 2.69 to 4.36, p<0.001, HR = 2.87, 95% CI 2.42 to 3.39, p<0.001, HR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.48, p<0.001, respectively). A time dependent increased risk of CVD was also observed amongst the study groups (p<0.001).

Conclusions
ADT is associated with an increased risk of CVD. For long-term prostate cancer castration therapy, doctors should be aware of this complication and arrange for proper management.
Game of Thrones: The Costumes, Michele Clapton and Gina McIntyre (2019)
Authors: Davidson Hilary 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Game of Thrones: The Costumes, Michele Clapton and Gina McIntyre (2019)
San Rafael, CA and London: Insight Editions, 440 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-68383-530-1, h/bk, US$75.00
Supracondylar Process of Humerus – Report of Two Cases
Authors: Dhruv Airon  , Neha Airon  , Priyam Jain  , Akshay Jain  , Abhimanyu Airon  
Published: June 2022

Supracondylar process of the humerus is a congenital bone projection seen on the distal humerus on the anteromedial surface. A fibrous band called ligament of Struthers’ connects the supracondylar process of humerus with medial epicondyle. It is mainly asymptomatic but rarely can present as supracondylar process syndrome due to neurovascular compression. Although isolated median nerve injuries are most common they can also present with fractures and vascular complications. The ulnar nerve is rarely involved. The median nerve can be trapped at several sites proximal to the carpal tunnel. Potential sites where the median nerve can be trapped are bicipital aponeurosis, two heads of pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis, aponeurotic arch and Gantzer muscle.[1]
Supracondylar process of the humerus is a hook-like bony process seen about 5 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and has a pointed apex. It is curved downwards and forwards and is commonly seen in climbing mammals. Vinilla et al. published a comparison of measurements of the supracondylar process of the humerus in different studies. The length of the process varied from 0.3 cm to 1.6 cm, breadth 1cm to 1.5 cm and distance from the medial epicondyle varied from 4.4 cm to 6.5 cm. They concluded that the supracondylar process had to be differentiated from osteochondroma and myositis ossificans.[2]
Continuous wavelet transform of Schwartz distributions in 𝒟′(ℝ𝑛), 𝑛 ≤ 1
Authors: Pandey Jagdish N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the continuous wavelet transform to Schwartz distributions inD′⁢(Rn)\mathcal{D}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{n}),n≥1n\geq 1, and derive the corresponding wavelet inversion formula (valid modulo a constant distribution) interpreting convergence in the weak distributional sense. The kernel of our wavelet transform is an elementψ⁢(x)\psi(x)ofD⁢(Rn)\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}^{n}),n≥1n\geq 1, which, when integrated along each of the real axesX1,X2,X3,…,XnX_{1},X_{2},X_{3},\ldots,X_{n}vanishes, but none of its moments∫Rnψ⁢(x)⁢xm⁢dx\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\psi(x)x^{m}\,dxis zero; herexm=x1m1⁢x2m2⁢…⁢xnmnx^{m}=x_{1}^{{m_{1}}}\,x_{2}^{{m_{2}}}\ldots x_{n}^{{m_{n}}},d⁢x=d⁢x1⁢d⁢x2⁢…⁢d⁢xndx=dx_{1}\,dx_{2}\ldots dx_{n}andm=(m1,m2,…,mn)m=(m_{1},m_{2},\ldots,m_{n})and each ofm1,m2,…,mnm_{1},m_{2},\ldots,m_{n}is at least 1. The set of such kernel will be denoted byDm⁢(Rn)\mathcal{D}_{m}(\mathbb{R}^{n}). But the uniqueness theorem for our wavelet inversion formula is valid for the spaceDF′⁢(Rn)\mathcal{D}_{F}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{n})obtained by filtering (deleting) (i) all non-zero constant distributions from the spaceD′⁢(Rn)\mathcal{D}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{n}), (ii) all non-zero constants that appear with a distribution as a union as for example forx12+x22+⋯⁢xn21+x12+x22+⋯⁢xn2=1-11+x12+x22+⋯⁢xn2\frac{x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\cdots x_{n}^{2}}{1+x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\cdots x_{n}^{2}}=1-\frac{1}{1+x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\cdots x_{n}^{2}}, 1 is deleted and-11+x12+x22+⋯⁢xn2\frac{-1}{1+x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\cdots x_{n}^{2}}is retained.
Analytical quality specifications in semen analysis according to the state of the current methodologies
Authors: Chenlo Patricia , Curi Susana , Ariagno Julia , Etchegoyen Cecilia , Girardi Raul , Mendeluk Gabriela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish analytical quality specifications for human semen measurands according to the state of the current methodologies.

Methods
Measurement errors were estimated based on data from participating laboratories in the External Quality Program (PEEC) led by the Argentine Biochemistry Foundation using the “Analytical Quality Minimum Specifications” model established in Spain for other biochemical collection parameters. Semen samples from the PEEC were analyzed according to WHO procedures.

Results
Analytical quality specifications were established according to the most recent results obtained by the External Quality Evaluation Program of the Fundación Bioquímica Argentina. Morphology, progressive motility, total motility and sperm concentration were 75%, 30%, 21% and 43%, respectively, for samples with assigned values between 6 and 15% of normal forms, 35–89% for progressive motility, 43–92% for total motility and for sperm count in the range of 1.8 × 106 –65 × 106 spermatozoa/mL.

Conclusions
Our allowable total error specification may affect medical conduct at certain dose levels, compromising clinical test validity. The measurement system employed is closely associated with the number of elements evaluated. The use of manual methods, where the fatigue of the operator counteracts their ability to evaluate a considerable number of elements, leads to errors typical of the poisson and binomial distribution characteristics of these measurands. This work reflects the laboratory performance in our region. The proposed specifications are a statement of minimums that every laboratory should comply with to ensure analytical performance of clinical utility with the current methodology available.
Design of a web laboratory interface for ECG signal analysis using MATLAB builder NE
Authors: Jaber Hussain A. , Aljobouri Hadeel K. , Çankaya Ilyas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive test, determining any defect in the heart rate or rhythm or changes in the shape of the QRS complex is very significant to detect cardiac arrhythmia. In this study, novel web-ECG simulation tools were proposed using MATLAB Builder NE with WebFigure and ASP.NET platform. The proposed web-ECG simulation tools consisted of two components. First, involved the analyses of normal real ECG signals by calculating the P, Q, R, S, and T values and detecting heart rate, while the second part related to extracting the futures of several types of abnormality real ECG. For calculating the PQRST values, simple and new mathematical equations are proposed in the current study using MATLAB. The Web ECG is capable to plot normal ECG signals and five arrhythmia cases, so the users are able to calculate PQRST easily using the proposed simple method. ECG simulation tools have been tested for validity and educational contributions with 62 undergraduate and graduate students at the Al-Nahrain University-Biomedical Engineering Department, Iraq. The proposed ECG simulation tools have been designed for academic learning to be run easily by a student using only any web browsers without the need for installing MATLAB or any extra programs. The proposed tools could provide a laboratory course for ECG signal analysis using a few buttons, as well as increase and develop the educational skills of students and researchers.
Classifying spaces for the family of virtually abelian subgroups of orientable 3-manifold groups
Authors: León Álvarez Porfirio L. , Sánchez Saldaña Luis Jorge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a group G, let

ℱ
n

{\mathcal{F}_{n}}

be the family of all subgroups of G containing a subgroup of finite index isomorphic to

ℤ
r

{\mathbb{Z}^{r}}

for some

r
=

0
,
1
,
2
,
…
,
n

{r=0,1,2,\dots,n}

. Joecken, Lafont and Sánchez Saldaña computed the

ℱ
1

{\mathcal{F}_{1}}

-geometric dimension of 3-manifold groups. As a natural extension of the aforementioned result, the goal of this article is to compute the

ℱ
n

{\mathcal{F}_{n}}

-geometric dimension of 3-manifold groups for all

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

.
Representation by degenerate Frobenius–Euler polynomials
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to represent any polynomial in terms of degenerate Frobenius–Euler polynomials and, more generally, of higher-order degenerate Frobenius–Euler polynomials. Explicit formulas with the help of umbral calculus are derived and the obtained results are illustrated by some examples.
Carbothermal reduction of red mud for iron extraction and sodium removal
Authors: Feng Huaixuan , She Xue-feng , You Xiao-min , Zhang Guang-qing , Wang Jing-song , Xue Qing-guo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, the technology of carbothermic reduction was used to extract iron and remove sodium from red mud. The effect of various parameters like reduction time, temperature, and basicity on melting separation and de-alkalization was studied. At the optimum reduction temperature of 1,450°C, the basicity of 1.5, and reduction time of 12 min, the metallization rate and sodium removal reach 96.63 and 90.62%, respectively. Melting and separating conditions gradually improve with the temperature increasing from 1,350 to 1,450°C. At high basicity (R = 2), the condition of melting and separation is poor due to a large amount of Ca2Al2SiO7 produced, which has a high melting point. Subsequently, in order to explore the aggregation state of iron ions under different basicities, the microstructure of pellets was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that when the basicity is 1.5, the aggregation degree of iron particles significantly increases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the reduced pellets indicated that at different basicities, the final phase composition of reduced pellets is mainly Ca2Al2SiO7, which is the basic material for preparing cement materials and glass ceramics. Thus, the carbothermic-reduction method is a sustainable process for dealing with the Bayer bauxite residue.
Hadamard’s example and solvability of the mixed Cauchy problem for the multidimensional Gellerstedt equation
Authors: Kalmenov Tynysbek S. , Rogovoy Alexander V. , Kabanikhin Sergey I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the theory of partial differential equations, an example constructed by J. Hadamard, which shows the instability of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation with respect to small changes in the initial data, is of great importance.
Hadamard’s example served as the beginning of a systematic study of ill-posed problems in mathematical physics.
On the other hand, the study of the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation arises from problems of geophysics.
At the same time, the question arises whether the Cauchy problem is correct for other elliptic equations including degenerate elliptic equations.
We have constructed analogs of Hadamard’s example and established the incorrectness of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Gellerstedt equation in two-dimensional and multidimensional cases. The condition of strong solvability of the mixed Cauchy problem for the multidimensional Gellerstedt equation in
a cylindrical domain is found. The proof is based on the spectral properties of the Laplace operator and the properties of special functions.
The effect of TaC and NbC hybrid and mono-nanoparticles on AA2024 nanocomposites: Microstructure, strengthening, and artificial aging
Authors: Moustafa Essam B. , Elsheikh Ammar H. , Taha Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present work successfully incorporated the composite surface matrices of tantalum carbide (TaC) and niobium carbide (NbC) hybrids and mono-nanoparticles into wrought AA2024 using friction stir processing (FSP). The mechanical, electrical, and microstructural properties were analyzed and evaluated. The microstructure of the refined grains created during the FSP process was observed using polarized optical microscopy. Elongated grains were refined and equiaxed 33 times. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses showed good dispersion of the reinforcement nanoparticles in the base matrix. The mechanical properties of the hybrid AA2024/TaC_NbC nanocomposites, thus, the ultimate compressive stress showed an improvement of about 15.2, 16.7, and 20.6%, respectively, compared to the base alloy. Aging time significantly affected the hardness behavior of the hybrid nanocomposites; hence, a maximum value of 73% was reached compared to the base alloy. At the same time, the thermal expansion coefficient and electrical conductivity were reduced by 38.5 and 19.5%, respectively.
Resting energy expenditure in children at risk of hypothalamic dysfunction
Authors: Van Schaik J , Burghard M , Lequin M H , van Maren E A , van Dijk A M , Takken T , Rehorst-Kleinlugtenbelt L B , Bakker B , Meijer L , Hoving E W , Fiocco M , Schouten-van Meeteren A Y N , Tissing W J E , van Santen H M 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Children with suprasellar brain damage are at risk of hypothalamic dysfunction (HD). HD may lead to decreased resting energy expenditure (REE). Decreased REE, however, is not present in all children with HD. Our aim was to assess which children suspect for HD have low REE, and its association with clinical severity of HD or radiological hypothalamic damage.

Patients and methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed. Measured REE (mREE) of children at risk of HD was compared to predicted REE (pREE). Low REE was defined as mREE <90% of predicted. The mREE/pREE quotient was associated to a clinical score for HD symptoms and to radiological hypothalamic damage.

Results
In total, 67 children at risk of HD (96% brain tumor diagnosis) with a mean BMI SDS of +2.3 ± 1.0 were included. Of these, 45 (67.2%) had low mREE. Children with severe HD had a significant lower mean mREE/pREE quotient compared to children with no, mild, or moderate HD. Mean mREE/pREE quotient of children with posterior hypothalamic damage was significantly lower compared to children with no or anterior damage. Tumor progression or tumor recurrence, severe clinical HD, and panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus (DI) were significant risk factors for reduced REE.

Conclusion
REE may be lowered in children with hypothalamic damage and is associated to the degree of clinical HD. REE is, however, not lowered in all children suspect for HD. For children with mild or moderate clinical HD symptoms, REE measurements may be useful to distinguish between those who may benefit from obesity treatment that increases REE from those who would be better helped using other obesity interventions.
Potential pitfalls in diagnosis of immunotherapy-induced hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis abnormalities: a clinical case
Authors: Bi Yixi , Adam Safwaan , Chatzimavridou Viktoria , Lorigan Paul , Huang Yinglai 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Short synacthen tests (SST) are frequently used for assessing adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) deficiency. In this study, we present the case of a 53-year-old man receiving immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, who subsequently developed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced hypothyroidism and was investigated for the presence of ICI-induced hypocortisolaemia on different occasions. Despite two reassuring SSTs, he subsequently developed clinical and biochemical evidence of ACTH deficiency. The ACTH on local measurement was not conclusive in keeping with ICI-related ACTH deficiency but when repeated using an alternative assay confirmed the diagnosis. The case illustrates the evolution of ACTH deficiency and exposes the potential pitfalls of screening strategies. Two important lessons may be gleaned from this case: (i) SSTs can be normal in early cases of secondary adrenal insufficiency, for example, hypophysitis due to adrenal reserve and (ii) when there is mismatch between the clinical and biochemical presentation, the ACTH should be repeated using a different assay.

Learning points

Short synacthen tests, useful for ruling out adrenalitis and primary adrenal failure, may be normal in early adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency and secondary adrenal failure due to residual adrenal reserve.

If clinical suspicion of adrenal insufficiency persists despite an initial satisfactory SST, it is important to recognise the need for re-assessment of cortisol levels.

Insulin tolerance test remains a useful tool in the investigation of secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Levothyroxine replacement may accelerate the metabolism of cortisol in cases of concurrent hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism, and therefore, glucocorticoid replacement must precede levothyroxine treatment, to avoid adrenal crisis.

The prevalence of immunotherapy-related endocrinopathies is likely to increase with increasing use of ICI and it is crucial that clinicians are alert to their subtle symptoms.
ВЗАЄМОЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЗМІН АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ ТА АКТИВНОЇ КИСЛОТНОСТІ КОНЦЕНТРАТУ БІЛКОВОГО МОЛОЧНОЇ СИРОВАТКИ
Authors: Антюшко Дмитро П. 
Published: June 2022

Серед багатьох нутрітивних потреб організму людини однією з основних є забезпечення надходження необхідної кількості білка, що буде належним чином засвоєний. Важливим фактором, що визначає засвоюваність харчового субстрату організмом людини, здатність забезпечення його належного кислотно-лужного балансу та тривалість зберігання продуктів, є їх активна кислотність. У статті представлені результати проведених експериментальних досліджень залежностей змін амінокислотного складу, білкової цінності й активної кислотності концентрату білкового молочної сироватки при зберіганні. У даному високобілковому виробі упродовж 12 місяців зберігання з періодичністю 6 місяців проводили дослідження амінокислотного складу, скору та біологічної цінності білкової складової. Також у ході експерименту кожні 3 місяці визначали активну кислотність 10 %-ого розчину даного продукту. У результаті проведених досліджень були встановлені взаємозалежності змін амінокислотного складу та скору, показників біологічної цінності білкової складової продукту, що піддавався природнім змінам, зокрема окисненню, в процесі зберігання, і рівня його активної кислотності. Базуючись на результатах аналізу змін амінокислотного складу дослідженого продукту та рівня активної кислотності його розчину в процесі зберігання, визначено їх взаємозалежність. Експериментально підтверджено, що амфотерні властивості білка обумовлені наявністю в складі виробу амінокислот із різними значеннями електронейтральності і ізоелектричних точок. Основними амінокислотами, що забезпечують його лужні властивості є аргінін, лізин і гістидин; кислотні – аспарагінова і глутамінова кислоти. Визначено, що концентрація даних амінокислот у продукті значною мірою визначає рівень його активної кислотності. Отримані результати дослідження свідчать про важливість урахування змін значення показника активної кислотності для оцінки рівня якості продуктів із значним вмістом білкової складової, що має особливе значення при моделюванні, виробництві та впровадженні на ринку спеціальних харчових продуктів.