bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic jumps with low inflow Froude numbers: air–water surface patterns and transverse distributions of two-phase flow properties
Authors: Wüthrich Davide , Shi Rui , Chanson Hubert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic jumps are commonly employed as energy dissipators to guarantee long-term operation of hydraulic structures. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of their main features is therefore fundamental. In this context, the current study focused on hydraulic jumps with low Froude numbers, i.e. Fr1 = 2.1 and 2.4, at relatively high Reynolds number: Re ~2 × 105. Experimental tests employed a combination of dual-tip phase-detection probes and ultra-high-speed video camera to provide a comprehensive characterisation of the main air-water flow properties of the hydraulic jump, including surface flow features, void fraction, bubble count rate and interfacial velocities. The current research also focused on the transverse distributions of air-water flow properties, i.e. across the channel width, with the results revealing lower values of void fraction and bubble count rate next to the sidewalls compared to the channel centreline data. Such a spatial variability in the transverse direction questions whether data near the side walls may be truly representative of the behaviour in the bulk of the flow, raising the issue of sidewall effects in image-based techniques. Overall, these findings provide new information to both researchers and practitioners for a better understanding of the physical processes inside the hydraulic jump with low Froude numbers, leading to an optimised design of hydraulic structures.

Article Highlights

Experimental investigation of air-water flow properties in hydraulic jumps with low Froude numbers

Detailed description of the main air-water surface features on the breaking roller

Transversal distribution of the air-water flow properties across the channel width and comparison between centreline and sidewall.
SRCMIMM: the software requirements change management and implementation maturity model in the domain of global software development industry
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Khan Arif Ali , Mahmood Sajjad , Mishra Alok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe software industry has widely adopted global software development (GSD) to gain economic benefits. Organizations that engage in GSD face various challenges, the majority being associated with requirements change management (RCM). The key motive of this study is to develop a requirement change management and implementation maturity model (SRCMIMM) for the GSD industry that could help the practitioners to assess and manage their RCM activities. A systematic literature review and questionnaire survey approach are used to identify and validate the critical success factors (CSFs), critical challenges (CCHs), and the related best practices of the RCM process. The investigated CSFs and CCHs are classified into five maturity levels based on the concepts of the existing maturity models in other domains, practitioners’ feedback, and academic research. Every maturity level comprises different CSFs and CCHs that can help assess and manage a firm's RCM capability. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, four case studies are conducted in different GSD firms. The SRCMIMM has been developed to assist GSD organizations in improving their RCM process in efficiency and effectiveness.
Religion, Health, and Life Satisfaction Among Somali and Gambian Women in Norway
Authors: Lien Inger-Lise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article describes and analyses the religious justifications for the life satisfaction reported by two groups of Muslim women. Approximately, twenty Somali women and twenty Gambian women, living in Norway, who had experienced trauma and pain due to female genital mutilation/cutting as well as other traumas and hardships, were interviewed. While the Somali women adhere to conservative Islam and try to cope with their life through endurance and patience, the Gambians belong to a Sufi tradition and verbalise their dissatisfaction in order to receive help from Sufi saints. Therefore, there are two religious codes, here called emotionologies, within the Muslim tradition that have different impacts on the expression of life satisfaction and women’s ways of coping with pain and suffering.
A Krylov-Schur-like method for computing the best rank-(r1,r2,r3) approximation of large and sparse tensors
Authors: Eldén Lars , Dehghan Maryam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper is concerned with methods for computing the best low multilinear rank approximation of large and sparse tensors. Krylov-type methods have been used for this problem; here block versions are introduced. For the computation of partial eigenvalue and singular value decompositions of matrices the Krylov-Schur (restarted Arnoldi) method is used. A generalization of this method to tensors is described, for computing the best low multilinear rank approximation of large and sparse tensors. In analogy to the matrix case, the large tensor is only accessed in multiplications between the tensor and blocks of vectors, thus avoiding excessive memory usage. It is proved that if the starting approximation is good enough, then the tensor Krylov-Schur method is convergent. Numerical examples are given for synthetic tensors and sparse tensors from applications, which demonstrate that for most large problems the Krylov-Schur method converges faster and more robustly than higher order orthogonal iteration.
Polypharmacy and trajectories of health-related quality of life in older adults: an Australian cohort study
Authors: Aljeaidi Muhamad S. , Haaksma Miriam L. , Tan Edwin C. K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome measure when considering medical treatment; however, the impact of polypharmacy on trajectories of HRQoL over time is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between polypharmacy status and trajectories of HRQoL in older adults.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort study of 2181 community-dwelling adults, 65 years and older, who participated in the 2013 to 2017 waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. Polypharmacy was defined as the regular use of ≥ 5 prescription medications. Polypharmacy status was categorised into no polypharmacy, in 2013 only (baseline only polypharmacy), in 2017 only (incident polypharmacy) or at both time points (persistent polypharmacy). HRQoL was assessed through the SF-36 questionnaire generating two summary scores: physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Linear mixed-effects models stratified according to polypharmacy status and change in comorbidities were used to assess trajectories of HRQoL.

Results
Older adults with persistent polypharmacy had lowest scores for HRQoL measures from 2013 to 2017. After adjusting for all covariates, those with incident polypharmacy had the steepest annual decline in both the PCS and MCS: − 0.86 in PCS and − 0.76 in MCS for those with decreasing or stable comorbidities, and − 1.20 in PCS and − 0.75 in MCS for those with increasing comorbidities.

Conclusions
Polypharmacy was associated with poorer HRQoL, even after adjusting for confounders. Incident polypharmacy was found to be associated with a clinically important decline in HRQoL and this should be considered when prescribing additional medication to older adults.
Item Response Thresholds Models: A General Class of Models for Varying Types of Items
Authors: Tutz Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive class of models is proposed that can be used for continuous, binary, ordered categorical and count type responses. The difficulty of items is described by difficulty functions, which replace the item difficulty parameters that are typically used in item response models. They crucially determine the response distribution and make the models very flexible with regard to the range of distributions that are covered. The model class contains several widely used models as the binary Rasch model and the graded response model as special cases, allows for simplifications, and offers a distribution free alternative to count type items. A major strength of the models is that they can be used for mixed item formats, when different types of items are combined to measure abilities or attitudes. It is an immediate consequence of the comprehensive modeling approach that allows that difficulty functions automatically adapt to the response distribution. Basic properties of the model class are shown. Several real data sets are used to illustrate the flexibility of the models
Plattform-Architekturen
Authors: Dolata Ulrich , Schrape Jan-Felix 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDas heutige Internet wird durch privatwirtschaftlich betriebene Plattformen der unterschiedlichsten Art geprägt. Dieser Beitrag fragt danach, wie sich die kommerziellen Kommunikations‑, Markt‑, Konsum- und Serviceplattformen als distinkte Unternehmensform fassen lassen. Dazu wird eine basale Unterscheidung zwischen (1) den plattformbetreibenden Unternehmen als organisierenden und strukturierenden Kernen und (2) den ihnen gehörenden Plattformen als mehr oder minder ausgreifenden sozialen Handlungsräumen vorgenommen. Während sich Plattformunternehmen als Organisationen im geradezu klassischen Sinne darstellen lassen, konstituieren die von ihnen betriebenen Internetplattformen soziotechnisch strukturierte Sozial‑, Markt‑, Konsum- oder Serviceräume, in denen soziale Akteure zwar auf der Grundlage detailliert ausgestalteter und technisch eingefasster Regeln, aber zugleich variantenreich und eigenwillig interagieren. Die für die Plattform-Architekturen charakteristischen Koordinations‑, Kontroll- und Verwertungsmechanismen zeichnen sich durch eine starke hierarchische Ausrichtung aus, in die Elemente der Kooptation und des orchestrierten Mitwirkens der Nutzer eingelagert sind. Die Plattformunternehmen haben in dieser hybriden Konstellation ein hohes Maß an strukturgebender, regelsetzender und kontrollierender Macht – und verfügen überdies über den exklusiven Zugriff auf das dort produzierte Rohmaterial an Daten. Diese Macht äußert sich auch, aber längst nicht ausschließlich als rigide Kontrolle, als direktiver Zwang oder einklagbare Rechenschaftspflicht, sondern entfaltet sich für die große Zahl regelkonformer Nutzer weitgehend geräuschlos unter der Oberfläche einer (vermeintlichen) Offenheit, die die Plattformen als Markt- und Sozialräume auch auszeichnet.
Ungleicher Gabentausch – User-Interaktionen und Wertschöpfung auf digitalen Plattformen
Authors: Nachtwey Oliver , Schaupp Simon 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel schlagen wir einen relationalen Ansatz zum Verständnis der Wertschöpfung auf digitalen Plattformen wie Social-Media-Kanälen oder kostenlosen Internetdienstleistungen vor. Dabei kombinieren wir Ansätze der Marx’schen und anthropologischen Werttheorie in innovativer Weise und machen sie für ein Verständnis der digitalen Ökonomie fruchtbar. Demnach handelt es sich bei den Interaktionen der Plattform-User nicht, wie verschiedentlich argumentiert wird, um ausgebeutete Arbeit, sondern um Praktiken des Gabentauschs. Dieser Gabentausch bildet die Produktionsbedingung für die Wertschöpfung der Internetplattformen, die durch deren asymmetrisches Interaktionsfeld kontinuierlich reproduziert werden. Es wird deshalb auch nicht das Individuum ausgebeutet, sondern die Gemeinschaft derjenigen, die in diesem Feld handeln. Dies ist in den Geschäftsbedingungen der Plattformen verankert, die festlegen, dass die User ihre Daten nicht nur untereinander, sondern auch an das Unternehmen weitergeben. Dies wiederum ermöglicht einen dreischrittigen Prozess der Kommodifizierung der Daten aufseiten der Plattform. Erstens werden die Daten als Gebrauchswerte von den Plattformen zur Optimierung ihrer eigenen Dienstleistungen angeeignet. Zweitens kommt es zu einer sekundären Kommodifizierung, die im Gegensatz zu anderen Wertschöpfungsprozessen vom Gebrauchswert der Daten abgekoppelt ist. Drittens kommt es zu einer Kybernetisierung, bei der die Beeinflussbarkeit der User an Dritte als Ware verkauft wird.
Sparsifying the least-squares approach to PCA: comparison of lasso and cardinality constraint
Authors: Guerra-Urzola Rosember , de Schipper Niek C. , Tonne Anya , Sijtsma Klaas , Vera Juan C. , Van Deun Katrijn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSparse PCA methods are used to overcome the difficulty of interpreting the solution obtained from PCA. However, constraining PCA to obtain sparse solutions is an intractable problem, especially in a high-dimensional setting. Penalized methods are used to obtain sparse solutions due to their computational tractability. Nevertheless, recent developments permit efficiently obtaining good solutions of cardinality-constrained PCA problems allowing comparison between these approaches. Here, we conduct a comparison between a penalized PCA method with its cardinality-constrained counterpart for the least-squares formulation of PCA imposing sparseness on the component weights. We compare the penalized and cardinality-constrained methods through a simulation study that estimates the sparse structure’s recovery, mean absolute bias, mean variance, and mean squared error. Additionally, we use a high-dimensional data set to illustrate the methods in practice. Results suggest that using cardinality-constrained methods leads to better recovery of the sparse structure.
Surgical management of a traumatic elbow dislocation with disruption of the brachial artery
Authors: Habarta Johanna , Jordan Martin , Meffert Rainer , Huflage Henner , Schmalzl Jonas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Dislocations of the elbow are the second most common dislocations of humeral joints following the shoulder. Besides numerous possible concomitant injuries of the collateral ligaments or the extensor or flexor apparatus, an accompanying disruption of the brachial artery is a rare occurrence. In the following, such a case is presented and discussed.

Method
A 70-year-old woman sustained a closed posterior elbow dislocation with accompanying disruption of the brachial artery due to a fall in a domestic environment. Pulselessness of the radial artery led to a computed tomography angiography being performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Direct operative vascular reconstruction with a vein insert was carried out. Due to strong swelling of the soft tissue, other examinations of the elbow could not be performed initially. A redislocation a few days later led to an operative stabilization of the elbow joint.

Results
The final consultation 4 months postoperatively showed a stable, centered elbow joint and a normal perfusion of the affected arm. The elbow function was good with a range of motion of 0/0/110° of extension/flexion.

Conclusion
An elbow dislocation is a complex injury. An accurate clinical examination of possible concomitant injuries is important and should be repeated in the first few days after the occurrence. Vascular reconstruction should be performed immediately. In the case of persistent joint instability, an operative stabilization is indicated and may be supported by a hinged external fixator.
What does it take to learn about teaching and learning in classrooms across cultures?
Authors: Emanuelsson Jonas , Sahlström Fritjof 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBeginning in the 1960s and early seventies, classroom research contributed to understandings and insights concerning the complexities and diversities of teaching. In the late 1990s, classroom research began to also include student voices in the classroom. Socio-cultural theory turned the empirical focus toward student interaction, and methodological development made new insights possible. The impact of this paradigmatic change is still in progress. At the same time, a rapid growth in international comparative classroom studies emerged, where the two most recognized comparative classroom research initiatives have been the TIMSS Video Studies, the first one initiated in 1995 at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Learner’s Perspective Study (LPS), initiated in 1999, at the University of Melbourne’s International Center for Classroom Research (ICCR). In this paper, we ask what it takes to carry out successful international classroom research, using the LPS as an example. The analysis shows that the LPS project design made it possible for research groups from different countries and cultures to participate in building a sustainable community of research practice specialized in working with the complexities in the study of teaching and learning in classrooms. Of particular importance was the intense and sustained collaborative work on data, where researchers of varying seniority and experience met and carried out scholarly work in relation to a shared dataset. While also having disadvantages, the heavy emphasis on data was crucial for creating and sustaining a reflexive international research community.
Substance Use Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review
Authors: Layman Hannah M. , Thorisdottir Ingibjorg Eva , Halldorsdottir Thorhildur , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Allegrante John P. , Kristjansson Alfgeir Logi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review

To review the literature on the trends in substance use among youth during the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Recent Findings
The pandemic has given rise to concerns about the mental health and social well-being of youth, including its potential to increase or exacerbate substance use behaviors. This systematic review identified and included 49 studies of use across alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, e-cigarettes/vaping, and other drugs, and unspecified substances. The majority of studies across all categories of youth substance use reported reductions in prevalence, except in the case of other drugs and unspecified drug and substance use, which included three studies that reported an increase in use and three studies that reported decrease in use.

Summary
Overall, the results of this review suggest that the prevalence of youth substance use has largely declined during the pandemic. Youth substance use in the post-pandemic years will require monitoring and continued surveillance.
Land Use Spatial Optimization Using Accessibility Maps to Integrate Land Use and Transport in Urban Areas
Authors: Wang Zhongqi , Han Qi , De Vries Bauke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The scarcity of urban land resources requires a well-organized spatial layout of land use to better accommodate human activities, however, as a widely accepted concept, the integration of land use and transport is not given due consideration in land use spatial optimization (LUSO). This paper aims to integrate land use and transport in LUSO to support urban land use planning. Maximizing accessibility fitness, which follows the underlying logic between land use types and transport characteristics, is introduced into multi-objective land use spatial optimization (MOLUSO) modelling to address transport considerations, together with widely-used objectives such as maximizing compactness, compatibility, and suitability. The transport characteristics, in this study, are identified by driving accessibility, cycling accessibility, and walking accessibility. Accessibility maps, which quantify and visualize the spatial variances in accessibility fitness for different land use types, are developed based on the empirical results of the relationship between land use types and transport characteristics for LUSO and addressing policy issues. The 4-objective LUSO model and a corresponding non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based optimization method constitute a prototype decision support system (DSS) for urban land use planning. Decision-makers (e.g., planning departments) can choose an ideal solution to accommodate urban development needs from a set of Pareto-optimal alternatives generated by the DSS. The approaches to creating accessibility maps and MOLUSO modelling are demonstrated by the case study of Eindhoven, the Netherlands. This study advocates limited changes to the current land use pattern in urban planning, and the LUSO emphasizes urban renewal and upgrading rather than new town planning.
Kink in an English Field: The Drinking, Drug use and Sexual Practices of English Festival-Goers Who Engage in Kink
Authors: McCormack Mark , Measham Fiona , Measham Maria , Wignall Liam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the other leisure activities of people who engage in kink, including sexual practices and the use of alcohol and other drugs. This article examines the drinking, illicit drug use and sexual practices of people who engage in kink from a novel sample of attendees at an English festival. Of 966 respondents, 64 reported having engaged in kink within the past 12 months. We provide evidence of these respondents’ self-reported demographic characteristics, alcohol and other drug use in their lifetime and within the past 12 months, as well as other sexual practices they engaged in. This study illustrates the value of accessing participants through in situ festival fieldwork to understand kink practices, and helps us move beyond notions of clustered risky activities toward a leisure studies approach to understanding the practices of people who engage in kink.
Dynamics of cavity soliton driven by chirped optical pulses in Kerr resonators
Authors: Pan Jianxing , Xu Chaoyu , Wu Zhichao , Zhang Jing , Huang Tianye , Shum Perry Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent researches have demonstrated that pulsed driving is an effective method to increase the temporal overlap between cavity soliton (CS) and pump field, thereby increasing the pump-to-comb conversion efficiency. The amplitude-modulated inhomogeneity of the background wave causes the solitons to drift toward edges of the driving pulse. To eliminate the multiple temporal trapping positions, induced by the spontaneous symmetry breaking, we propose the chirped pulse driving for deterministic single soliton generation. We theoretically explain the physical mechanism of the chirp pulse driving, as the combination of amplitude and phase modulation. Our numerical simulations demonstrate the chirp is responsible for the single soliton generation. A detailed investigation for dynamics of CSs sustained by chirped pulses, shows the recovery of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In addition, the desynchronized chirped pulse driving is also considered here. Considering a weak chirp parameter, the desynchronization-dependent trapping position diagram is divided into multiple areas including two CSs, a single CS, two oscillating CSs, and no CS. With a sufficient chirp parameter considered, the trapping position curve becomes a monotonous function of the desynchronized drift velocity, which indicates deterministic single soliton generation.
Graphic Abstract