bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences in Summertime Extremely High Temperature in Japan due to Global Warming
Authors: Ito Rui , Kawase Hiroaki , Imada Yukiko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of regional differences in future climate projections is important for effective adaptation strategies. Extreme events often arise regionally, but multiscale factors likely act together. Hence, we need discussion of multiple scales for the regional characteristics of future changes of extremes. In this study, using a large ensemble climate simulation database (d4PDF) created by global and regional climate models, the change in the temperature extreme defined as the top 10% of summertime daily maximum temperature in Japan is investigated under a globally 2- and 4-K-warmer climate, with emphasis on its regionality. Under global warming, the increase in extremely high temperature has a different spatial distribution from that of mean temperature. A simple composite analysis of extreme events shows that the high temperature occurs under a site-specific spatial pattern of sea level pressure (SLP), with a common feature of a warm anomaly up to the upper troposphere over the sites. The SLP pattern reflects the local topography and favors a foehnlike wind that increases the near-surface temperature. The impact of climate change in SLP on the foehn-inducing pattern varies with site, leading to regional differences in high-temperature changes. Therefore, the dynamic response of SLP to global warming results in a characteristic spatial distribution for the high-temperature change, which differs from the distribution for the mean-temperature change that generally shows the thermodynamic response. The characteristic is expected to appear in mountainous regions of the world, and this study helps in understanding future projections of high temperature there.

Significance Statement
Regionality in future climate projections strongly influences the usefulness of adaptation strategies to climate change. This study indicates that the increase in extremely high temperature has a different spatial distribution from that of mean temperature. A site-specific spatial pattern of sea level pressure (SLP) reflecting the local topography contributes to the location of high temperature via a foehnlike wind. The impact of climate change in SLP on the pattern varies with site and leads to the regionality in high-temperature changes, which is the dynamic response to global warming unlike the thermodynamic response appearing on the mean-temperature change. This study helps us to understand future projections of temperature extreme in mountainous regions and their surroundings around the world.
Representation of the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in Modern Reanalysis Products
Authors: Chien Mu-Ting , Kim Daehyun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to deepen our understanding of the destabilization mechanisms and the mean-state modulation of the convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) while testing simple models for CCKWs. We examine CCKW precipitation, vertical structure, and energetics in four modern reanalyses: the fifth version of ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), the second version of the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55). The CCKW precipitation signal strength in the wavenumber–frequency domain and the geographical distribution of CCKW precipitation variability are reasonably represented in all reanalyses, although they commonly underestimate the amplitude of CCKW precipitation. Despite considerable interreanalysis differences in the vertical structure of temperature and diabatic heating anomalies, the eddy available potential energy (EAPE) generation within the CCKWs is found to be associated with the second baroclinic mode whereas the first baroclinic mode damps CCKW EAPE in three out of four reanalyses. Geographically, strong CCKW activity occurs in the areas of high mean-state sea surface temperature (SST), where the second mode EAPE generation is higher, mainly due to a stronger stratiform heating and a tighter wave–convection coupling. Our results are supportive of the simple models for CCKWs in which CCKWs are destabilized within the second baroclinic mode component.
Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Context of Economic Change Scenarios
Authors: Chen Liutong , Li Qian , Xu Yingjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flash flood disasters pose a constant threat to socioeconomic factors in southeastern China. This study analyzes the risk change of flash floods in the Yantanxi River basin, southeastern China, under five economic scenarios [shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs); SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP4, and SSP5]. We built a regional flash flood hazard assessment model by combining hydrological and hydrodynamic models with fieldwork. Asset value was used to represent regional exposure, which was spatialized using data from industrial structure and land use. Flash flood risk assessment influenced by economic change was developed using different industry responses to flash floods. The results clarify how economic factors drive flash flood risk changes. The return period of the 2019 flash flood in the Yantanxi River basin is 150 years. In 2019, flash floods affected 5.04% of the river basin; the inundation depth was concentrated at under 2.00 m, resulting in CNY 0.55 billion in economic damage. With economic change, the flash flood risk increases by 91.34% (SSP2—current economic development level) and 94.39% (SSP5—extreme economic development level). This study emphasizes the balance between economic development and disaster management at the river basin scale; in addition, our method provides a reference for risk assessment in flash-flood-prone areas lacking statistical information.

Significance Statement
The mountainous and hilly areas of southeastern China are vulnerable to flash floods, and the region faces a constant threat from flash flood disasters. The analysis of historical flash flood disaster events is a critical step in understanding the current rank of the disaster risk and its changes over time. The Supertyphoon Lekima–extreme precipitation–flash flood chain effects resulted in severe economic damage and casualties within the Yantanxi River basin, Zhejiang Province, in August 2019, thus raising concerns about the characteristics of flash floods within the region. The study results highlight the importance of flood risk management in regional adaptation strategies and provide new information for regional planning and the construction of flood control facilities.
Homeschooling Surgery Students: Washington State University’s Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship Transitioned to a Hybrid-Virtual Platform Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumar Anjali S. 
Published: October 2022

When COVID-19 curtailed elective surgeries, our college transitioned to a virtual platform. “Benched” surgeons statewide engaged students online. Third-year students who had completed 2/3 of a longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) studied online modules on topics germane to surgery for 1 week. Core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for entering residency were the backbone of lessons/assignments/assessments. Surgeons coached students around EPAs. Fifty-eight students in consistent small groups, spent 2 hours/day for 4 days with the same pair of surgeon coaches. Off-line, students created a unique hypothetical case/day, practiced and peer-reviewed EPAs. Online, coaches posed scenarios to drill EPAs. Pre/during/post assessments demonstrated progressive proficiency. High level of engagement resulted in 100% attendance and ease of recruitment/retention of faculty. Although variability in students’ clinical settings was high, a virtual week had aided in leveling the learning environment. Prior experience with 2/3 of their total surgery exposure in the LIC allowed for a smooth transition to virtual.
“They Helped Me to Get Through”: Investigating Institutional Sources of Support at Two-Year Colleges that Facilitate the Transfer and Persistence of Black Engineering Students
Authors: Berhane Bruk , Onuma Felicia , Buenaflor Shannon , Fries-Britt Sharon , Ogwo Ashley 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: While a considerable amount of extant scholarship describes the importance of and strategies for improving the postsecondary pathways of Black engineering students, most literature is contextualized within 4-year institutions. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to illuminate Black engineering students’ experiences at community colleges in order to understand ways in which they engage different types of 2-year institutional support. Methods: We draw from data obtained through a series of focus groups and interviews facilitated between fall 2018 and fall 2019 with 13 engineering undergraduates. Results: Findings include evidence of important connections with faculty at 2-year colleges, such as positive engagement with them inside the classroom, as well as during office hours and general advising. In addition, we describe support from academic advisors regarding transfer pathways, as well as from campus staff who helped identify scholarships or other valuable resources on campus. Conclusion: We offer implications and conclusions that highlight the tremendous capacity of community colleges to support and educate future Black engineers. We also discuss the significance of underrepresented students of color working closely with faculty, adding that research to date notes that these interactions often tenuous for underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities. Finally, we discuss ways in which our results can inform the broader landscape of undergraduate engineering education, which—like other STEM fields—has often created unwelcoming and competitive environments that lead to student attrition for students from all demographic backgrounds.
Measuring the Impact of a Delay in Care on Pediatric Otolaryngologic Surgery Completion
Authors: Mahendran Geethanjeli N. , Tey Ching Siong , Musso Mary Frances , Anand Grace Shebha , Larson Jeffrey , Mehta Mitesh , Reichert Lara , Prickett Kara , Raol Nikhila Pinnapureddy 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine if postponement of elective pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries results in a change in overall healthcare utilization and if there is any commensurate impact on disease progression. Methods: We identified patients ≤18 years of age whose surgeries were postponed at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic-related shutdown. We then tracked patients’ rate of and patterns of rescheduling surgery. Surveys were also sent to caregivers to better characterize his/her decision regarding moving forward with his/her child’s surgery during COVID-19. Results: A total of 1915 pediatric patients had elective surgeries canceled, of which 992 (51.8%) were rescheduled within 4 months. No difference in rates of rescheduling was identified based on race or ethnicity. Patients who were scheduled for tonsillectomies and/or adenoidectomies were 1.22 times more likely to reschedule compared to those patients with other planned procedures (CI: 1.02–1.46). A total of 95 caregivers at two hospitals completed surveys: 44 (47.4%) rescheduled their child’s surgery. Most caregivers who rescheduled were concerned their child’s disease could impact their future (n = 14, 32%). Conclusions: Just over half of patients who had pediatric otolaryngologic surgery canceled during a period of social distancing went on to have surgery within a 4-month timeframe. This reflects the dependence of pediatric otolaryngologic surgery on environmental exposures and may represent a potential target for prevention and management of some pediatric otolaryngology diseases.
Efficacy of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder with somatic symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with clinical and electroencephalography evidence
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Han Doug Hyun , Choi Kang Ta , Hwang Hyun Chan , Min Kyoung Joon , Kim Sun Mi 
Published: October 2022

Background: Somatic symptoms, which are common in major depressive disorder (MDD), are associated with a worse prognosis and increased health costs. Aims: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of aripiprazole augmentation in MDD patients with somatic symptoms. Methods: In all, 41 MDD patients with somatic symptoms completed the study. Participants who had been on a stable dose of antidepressants for at least 1 month were randomly assigned to receive an 8-week adjunctive treatment with either aripiprazole or placebo. The initiation dose of aripiprazole was 2 mg/day, which was later adjusted to 1–10 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the change in the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised-Somatization (SCL-90-R-SOM) score. We collected quantitative electroencephalogram data and performed spectral analyses to obtain the absolute power of frequency bands. Results/outcomes: The aripiprazole group ( n = 20; 2.98 ± 1.75 mg/day) showed a significant improvement in SCL-90-R-SOM scores compared to the placebo group ( n = 21; F = 8.56, p = 0.006), without significant differences in changes in depression and anxiety symptoms. Compared to the control, the aripiprazole group showed a greater decrease in total alpha power ( F = 7.03, p = 0.01). Changes in frontal alpha power were positively correlated with changes in SCL-90-R-SOM scores in the aripiprazole group ( r = 0.53, p = 0.014). Conclusions/interpretation: Aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressants in patients with MDD and somatic symptoms improved somatic symptom severity without significant safety concerns, and this improvement correlated with a decrease in total and frontal alpha power. Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr ; identifier: KCT0004607.
Disrespect and abuse experienced by women giving birth in public health facilities of Eastern Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebregziabher Sintayehu , Hawulte Behailu , Abera Legesse , Goshu Abel Tibebu 
Published: October 2022

Objective We assessed the magnitude of disrespect and abuse experienced by women giving birth at public health facilities in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study in Dire Dawa City Administration from 21 October to 8 December 2020. We used a pre-tested structured questionnaire to interview 555 randomly selected women who gave birth in public health facilities during the study period. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in statistical analysis. Results Among 555 women, 473 (85.2%) reported having experienced at least one form of disrespect and abuse. Giving birth at a hospital (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29–7.51) and being attended by male providers (AOR = 3.27; 95% CI, 1.57–6.81), as well as being attended by three or four providers (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22–0.88) and delivering at night (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.15–0.48) were significantly associated with greater or less likelihood, respectively, of disrespect and abuse. Conclusion We revealed an unacceptable level of disrespect and abuse toward women giving birth at public health facilities. Health care providers must understand the importance of respectful maternity care. The city's health bureau should conduct provider training and enforce adherence to respectful care.
Kinematic Analysis of Sequential Partial-Midfoot Arthrodesis in Simulated Gait Cadaver Model
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Hoffman Jeffrey , Steineman Brett , Eble Stephanie K. , Roberts Lauren E. , Ellis Scott J. , Drakos Mark C. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Primary tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis is gaining popularity in the surgical treatment of Lisfranc injuries. However, few studies have evaluated biomechanical effects of TMT arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics of joints adjacent to the midfoot during simulations of stance before and after sequential arthrodesis of the first, second, and third TMT joints. Methods: Ten midtibia cadaveric specimens were loaded on a 6-degree-of-freedom robotic gait simulator. Motion capture cameras were used to collect joint kinematics throughout simulations of the stance phase. Simulations were performed for the intact and sequential arthrodesis conditions of the first, second, and third TMT joints. The sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane rotational kinematics of the intact condition were compared to kinematics after each sequential arthrodesis condition. Results: Sequential arthrodesis of the first and second TMT joints had no significant effect on ankle, subtalar, talonavicular, and first metatarsophalangeal joint motion during simulated stance when compared to the intact condition. In contrast, inclusion of the third TMT joint into the sequential arthrodesis significantly increased subtalar inversion ( P = .032) in late stance and increased range of motion values in the ankle and subtalar joints by 2.1 degrees ( P = .009) and 2.8 degrees ( P = .014), respectively. Conclusion: Sequential primary arthrodesis induced changes to ankle and adjacent joint kinematics during stance phase simulations, although not until the third TMT joint was included into the primary arthrodesis. The significant changes to kinematics due to arthrodesis of the first, second, and third TMT joints were small. Clinical Relevance: The minimal changes in sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane rotational kinematics support the positive clinical outcomes reported in the literature for primary partial arthrodesis of Lisfranc injuries. The inclusion of the third TMT joint should be done judiciously.
Sensory Processing in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rani Indu , Agarwal Vivek , Arya Amit , Mahour Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim is to assess the sensory processing difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: In all, 38 ADHD children of the age group 6–14 years and 34 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls were included in the study. Sensory processing was assessed on Child Sensory Profile-2. The child behavior checklist and Weiss functional impairment rating scale were applied to assess behavioral problems and functional impairments, respectively. Results: A significantly higher sensory processing difficulties were seen in children with ADHD than typically developing controls. There were positive correlations between the scores of Child sensory profile 2 with internalizing (with Sensitivity p = .036, Avoiding p = .001, and Auditory p = .029) and externalizing T scores (with Seeking p = .031, Movement p = .025, and Visual p = .018) of CBCL and also with scores of Weiss functional impairment rating scale (with Seeking p = .001, Sensitivity p = .019, and Registration p = .045). Conclusions: Sensory problems were common in children with ADHD and add to the functional impairments.
The practice of arterial catheters in ICUs and nurses’ perceptions of infection prevention: A multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuan Cui , Wang Yi , Xiao Yanyan , Du Gui Fang 
Published: October 2022

Background: Peripheral arterial catheters (AC) are increasingly used in intensive care units (ICUs). Arterial catheter-related bloodstream infection is a serious complication that can increase patients’ morbidity and length of stay. Standardised infection prevention practices are important when using AC. However, the current practices regarding AC insertion, use and removal and the perceived infection prevention attitudes of nurses in ICUs are unknown. Methods: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study; 20 tertiary general hospitals were selected with a stratified random method in Beijing, China, using a self-reported internet survey. Results: A total of 981 valid questionnaires were collected. Overall, some infection prevention practices, such as AC insertion and disinfection of the blood sample hub, were generally consistent with clinical guidelines, whereas others were inconsistent: eye protection, skin antiseptic solution, dressing choice, blood sample collection and replacement of AC. More than 60% of participants mentioned occasionally or never having used eye protection. Only 6.0% of them stated using the chlorhexidine dressings. Among the participants, 80.6% reported that they replaced AC routinely rather than based on clinical indications, 64.2% self-rated that they did not routinely culture a catheter specimen after removal and 53.4% of participants positively agreed that AC could cause infection. Nurses with a higher education level were more likely to agree that an infection risk with AC exists (trend χ2 = 5.456, p = 0.019*). Conclusions: Significant heterogeneity exists across hospitals in China in terms of antiseptic techniques and perception of infection prevention during AC insertion, use and removal. Critical care nurses’ practices partially complied with guideline recommendations. Educational level was found to be a risk factor for their perceived infection prevention attitudes. Nurses with a lower education level underestimated the infection risk of AC. Future research may examine optimal preventive strategies for reducing infection.
This Free Life Campaign: Increasing Intention to Quit Among LGBTQ+ Young Adult Nondaily Smokers in Minneapolis
Authors: Beckerley Shiloh , Fernandez Priscilla , Matter Chris , Wagner Dana , Tate Brandon , Jordan Jeff 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE LGBTQ+ young adults smoke at disproportionately higher rates than their non-LGBTQ+ counterparts, but prevention efforts are limited. Furthermore, prior to This Free Life ( TFL), no known campaigns target LGBTQ+ nondaily smokers. In this study Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota evaluated a local partnership extension of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products’ TFL campaign. METHODS The intervention featured a variety of LGBTQ+-tailored events, social/digital media, and out-of-home media placed in locations with a high density of LGBTQ+ young adults. Cross-sectional surveys (n = 1215) were collected from LGBTQ+ young adult (18-26) nondaily smokers at 4 time points between 2016 and 2019. The national TFL campaign was tracked in a separate evaluation conducted by the FDA. RESULTS 43.0% of nondaily LGBTQ+ smokers reported awareness of the campaign (n = 522), and 63.4% of those also engaged with TFL (n = 330) . Engagement was highest for gay, lesbian and transgender participants, and for Asian and Black/African American participants. Each additional instance of campaign engagement increased participants’ odds of intending to quit smoking by 20% ( AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.36). The relationship between campaign engagement and intention to quit was fully mediated by the campaign’s impact on attitudes against smoking and perceived normative trends, but not by perceived behavioral control. CONCLUSION The local extension of TFL increased intentions to quit for LGBTQ+ nondaily smokers. Future research should further explore the relationship between perceived behavioral control and intentions to quit for nondaily smokers.