bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LANDSCAPES ON HOLD: Opening up Monopoly Rent Gaps on Crete's Cape Sidero
Authors: Korfiati Ioanna P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo explain the continuous hold of a single touristic real estate investor over the greater part of Crete's easternmost peninsula, Cape Sidero, for a period of over thirty years, this article examines the production of rent gaps on ‘exceptional’ rural land through increasing potential rent rather than a falling capitalized rent. I examine Neil Smith's ‘alternative’ rent gap hypothesis as it applies to two main factors: the production of and sustained control over land of monopolistic quality, which has no fixed value and is resistant to depreciation; and the dramatic neoliberal reworking of land markets through institutional and legislative changes, which produce legally ‘exceptional’ spaces. I employ the conceptual lens of the rent gap to examine how opening up a rent gap on ‘exceptional land’ based solely on the promise of (re)development can be a sufficient driver of land dispossession. Simply sustaining this promise can perpetuate land with monopolistic quality as a site of rent‐generating possibility, and while this process might never lead to (re)development, it can result in the submersion of the landscape into a captive, limbo state, stealing its future.
Theory rewritten: Business Continuity and Crisis Management in the wake of the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Graham Julia , Loke Hoe‐Yeong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAirmic, the UK's association for risk professionals, conducted a meeting of its Enterprise Risk Management Special Interest Group in June 2020, and a survey of risk professionals in August 2020, which found that the pandemic had amplified the challenges of a siloed approach to Business Continuity Management and Crisis Management. They have clearly highlighted the disconnect between strategic risk on the one hand and operational resilience and response on the other. Crisis management and business continuity need to adapt, to better meet the challenges posed by systemic crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic. The trajectory of the pandemic—as a crisis—will likely continue over several years; yet, the initial responses had been largely focused on the near‐ and shorter term. It is more difficult to look long term when the crisis timeline loops back because of further waves of the pandemic. Our findings indicate that the pandemic has modified crisis and business continuity thinking, and that organizations are actively reviewing and changing their strategic approach to resilience.
Robotic surgery in gynaecology
Authors: Nobbenhuis Marielle A. E. , Gul Nahid , Barton‐Smith Peter , O'Sullivan Orfhlaith , Moss Esther , Ind Thomas E. J. ,   Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: July 2022

Plain language summaryThe use of robotic‐assisted keyhole surgery in gynaecology has expanded in recent years owing to technical advances. These include 3D viewing leading to improved depth perception, limitation of tremor, potential for greater precision and discrimination of tissues, a shorter learning curve and improved comfort for surgeons compared with conventional keyhole and open abdominal surgery. Robotic‐assisted keyhole surgery, compared with conventional keyhole surgery, improves surgical performance without increasing operating time, minimises blood loss and intra‐ or postoperative complications, while reducing the need to revert to abdominal surgery. Moreover, surgeons using a robot experience fewer skeletomuscular problems of their own in the short and long term than those operating without a robot as an additional tool.This Scientific Impact Paper looks at the use of a robot in different fields of gynaecological surgery. A robot could be considered safe and a more effective surgical tool than conventional keyhole surgery for women who have to undergo complex gynaecology surgery or have associated medical issues such as body–mass index (BMI) at 30 kg/m2 or above or lung problems. The introduction of the use of robots in keyhole surgery has resulted in a decrease in the number of traditional open surgeries and the risk of conversion to open surgery after traditional keyhole surgery; both of which should be considered when examining the cost–benefit of using a robot. Limitations of robotic‐assisted surgery remain the associated higher costs. In womb cancer surgery there is good evidence that introducing robotics into the service improves outcomes for women and may reduce costs.
‘It's a constant changing environment, and we're just playing catch up’: Hospital food services, food waste, and COVID‐19
Authors: Cook Nathan , Goodwin Denise , Collins Jorja , Porter Judi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsHospital food service operations have been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly resulting in increased waste. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital food services, particularly on food waste and the completion of food waste audits.MethodsA qualitative interview research design was used. Semi‐structured interviews were completed and recorded via Zoom, focusing on the barriers and enablers towards the completion of hospital food waste audits. Twenty‐one participants were interviewed from 12 hospitals. No questions were related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on hospital food services, however this issue frequently emerged during interviews. Data were coded following inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were generated from the interviews related to COVID‐19 and hospital food services; impacts on practice, labour, change, technology and post‐pandemic expectations. Participants reported COVID‐19 negatively affected food service operations. Changes included increased food waste, contact restrictions, and labour shortages. Nonetheless, hospitals embraced the challenge and created new positions, trialled different food waste data collection methods, and utilised technology to support food service operations around COVID‐19 restrictions.ConclusionsDespite the impact COVID‐19 had on hospital food services, including their ability to audit food waste and increased food waste generation, the response from food services has demonstrated their adaptability to change. Sustainable healthcare, including the aggregate measuring and reduction of food waste in hospital food services, is an essential transition post‐pandemic, and may be facilitated through the operational changes forced by COVID‐19.
The bovine Prader–Willi/Angelman imprinted domain has four Sno‐lncRNAs types
Authors: Chen Weina , Ma Chao , Dong Yanqiu , Li Shijie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSno‐lncRNAs are intron‐derived long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with snoRNA ends. Sno‐lncRNAs were first discovered in the human Prader–Willi (PWS)/Angelman (AS) imprinted domain. Here, we report the identification and characterization of four sno‐lncRNA types (sno‐lncRNA1, sno‐lncRNA2, sno‐lncRNA3, and sno‐lncRNA4) in the bovine PWS/AS imprinted domain. Reverse transcription–PCR first determined the cDNA sequences of the four bovine sno‐lncRNAs. A gene structure analysis showed that sno‐lncRNA1 lacks introns, but sno‐lncRNA2 and sno‐lncRNA3 have one and two introns respectively. The three sno‐lncRNAs have similar snoRNA ends. Moreover, the three have similar snoRNAs at their 5′ and 3′ ends. The head‐to‐tail orientation has six sno‐lncRNA copies arranged between bovine SNORD116‐6 and SNORD116‐12. Moreover, only a copy of sno‐lncRNA4 was located between SNORD116‐3 and SNORD116‐4. The expression of the four sno‐lncRNAs was analyzed in the bovine heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, fat, brain, and placenta tissues. The monoallelic expression of sno‐lncRNA4 was determined in bovine tissues. The results showed that the four sno‐lncRNAs are widely expressed in the nine tissues, although sno‐lncRNA3 and sno‐lncRNA4 were undetected in the placenta. Moreover, an informative single nucleotide polymorphism (rs448706424) revealed the allelic expression of sno‐lncRNA4 in exon 2 of sno‐lncRNA4. The bovine genome had six copies of sno‐lncRNA1, sno‐lncRNA2, and sno‐lncRNA3, but their allelic expression was not identified.
Increased androgen‐related comorbidity in adolescents and adults born with hypospadias: A population‐based study
Authors: Phillips Lottie , Lundholm Cecilia , Kvist Ulrik , Almqvist Catarina , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Skarin Nordenvall Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypospadias is a common congenital malformation often related to the effect of androgens in utero. While hypogonadism is associated with many potential health risks including metabolic and cardiovascular disease, the risk of clinical hypogonadism and comorbidities in men with hypospadias later in life has not been studied.ObjectivesInvestigate the risk of hypogonadism and somatic comorbidities in adolescents and men born with hypospadias.Materials and methodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study using Swedish registers. Associations between hypospadias and hypogonadism, delayed puberty, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease respectively were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Body measurements from military conscription were analysed in a subpopulation as indicators of growth and cardiometabolic risk. We used sibling comparison analyses to control for familial confounding.ResultsUsing register data, a total of 2,165,255 men including 9,714 men born with hypospadias were followed from the age of 10 to a maximum of 60 years. We found an association between hypospadias and hypogonadism (Hazard ratio (HR) 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.33–4.59) which was more pronounced in proximal hypospadias. Men with hypospadias had shorter average height than their brothers and the general population. We further found an increased risk of delayed puberty (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08–2.07), diabetes mellitus type 2 (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.18–2.09) and cardiovascular disease (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.27–1.71).DiscussionWe found an increased risk of hypogonadism, metabolic and cardiovascular disease in men born with hypospadias, increasing with severity of phenotype, as well as impacted growth. These results indicate discruptions in androgen function past childhood, although some of the associations may be due to other underlying aetiologies.ConclusionHypospadias is associated with an increased risk of androgen‐related comorbidity in adolescence and adulthood. We suggest that this can be considered clinically, while further research is needed, especially in older populations.
Unraveling metabolism during kidney perfusion using tracer studies: a systematic review
Authors: Gonzalez‐Viedma Arantxa , Van Dyck Robbe , De Beule Julie , Ghesquière Bart , Jochmans Ina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding kidney metabolism during perfusion is vital to further develop the technology as a preservation, viability assessment, and resuscitation platform. We reviewed the evidence on the use of labeled metabolites (tracers) to understand “on‐pump” kidney behavior.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies evaluating metabolism of (non)radioactively labeled endogenous compounds during kidney perfusion.ResultsOf 5899 articles, 30 were included. All were animal studies [rat (70%), dog (13%), pig (10%), rabbit (7%)] perfusing but not transplanting kidneys. Perfusion took place at hypothermic (4–12°C) (20%), normothermic (35–40°C) (77%), or undefined temperatures (3%). Hypothermic perfusion used albumin or a clinical kidney preservation solution, mostly in the presence of oxygen. Normothermic perfusion was mostly performed with oxygenated crystalloids often containing glucose and amino acids with unclear partial oxygen tensions. Active metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, lipids, and large molecules was shown in hypothermic and normothermic perfusion. Production of macromolecules, such as prostaglandin, thromboxane, and vitamin D, takes place during normothermic perfusion. No experiments compared differences in metabolic activity between hypothermic and normothermic perfusion. One conference abstract showed increased anaerobic metabolism in kidneys donated after circulatory death by adding labeled glucose to hypothermically perfused human kidneys.ConclusionsTracer studies during kidney perfusion contribute to unraveling kidney metabolic behavior in pre‐clinical models. Whether findings are truly translational needs further investigation in large animal models of human kidneys. Furthermore, it is essential to better understand how ischemia changes this metabolic behavior.
The case for smart diplomacy: Evidence from Taiwan's New Southbound Policy
Authors: Rasool Adnan , Ruggiero Casey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow do small states create potent foreign policy? This article argues that small states like Taiwan, Mongolia, and Singapore create effective foreign policy by engaging in smart diplomacy. Smart diplomacy, we argue, is an approach whereby smaller states must choose rational foreign policy objectives in a targeted region they can attain through a mix of soft power and niche national branding. We further argue that for most small states, their foreign policy options are limited, and smart diplomacy is the most rational way forward. By analyzing Taiwan's New Southbound Policy as a framework for smart diplomacy, this article argues that a small state will need to engage in smart diplomacy as it seeks to engage its neighbors in the region on people‐to‐people basis rather than through traditional diplomacy. To achieve that, it would need a clear national brand and niche expertise it can offer its partners.
Nonparametric Inverse-Probability-Weighted Estimators Based on the Highly Adaptive Lasso
Authors: Ertefaie Ashkan , Hejazi Nima S. , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inverse-probability-weighted estimators are the oldest and potentially most commonly used class of procedures for the estimation of causal effects. By adjusting for selection biases via a weighting mechanism, these procedures estimate an effect of interest by constructing a pseudopopulation in which selection biases are eliminated. Despite their ease of use, these estimators require the correct specification of a model for the weighting mechanism, are known to be inefficient, and suffer from the curse of dimensionality. We propose a class of nonparametric inverse-probability-weighted estimators in which the weighting mechanism is estimated via undersmoothing of the highly adaptive lasso, a nonparametric regression function proven to converge at nearly -rate to the true weighting mechanism. We demonstrate that our estimators are asymptotically linear with variance converging to the nonparametric efficiency bound. Unlike doubly robust estimators, our procedures require neither derivation of the efficient influence function nor specification of the conditional outcome model. Our theoretical developments have broad implications for the construction of efficient inverse-probability-weighted estimators in large statistical models and a variety of problem settings. We assess the practical performance of our estimators in simulation studies and demonstrate use of our proposed methodology with data from a large-scale epidemiologic study.
The human cathelicidin hCAP‐18 in serum of children with haemato‐oncological diseases
Authors: Jackmann Natalja , Englund Sofia , Frisk Per , Mäkitie Outi , Utriainen Pauliina , Mörtberg Anette , Henriques‐Normark Birgitta , Pütsep Katrin , Harila‐Saari Arja 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe human cathelicidin hCAP‐18 (pro‐LL‐37) is the pro‐protein of the antimicrobial peptide LL‐37. hCAP‐18 can be produced by many different cell types; bone marrow neutrophil precursors are the main source of hCAP‐18 in the circulation. Neutrophil count is used as a marker for myelopoiesis but does not always reflect neutrophil production in the bone marrow, and thus additional markers are needed. In this study, we established the reference interval of serum hCAP‐18 level in healthy children and compared serum hCAP‐18 levels between different diagnostic groups of children with haemato‐oncological diseases, at diagnosis. We found that children with diseases that impair myelopoiesis, such as acute leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome, presented with low hCAP‐18 levels, whereas patients with non‐haematological malignancies displayed serum hCAP‐18 levels in the same range as healthy children. Children with chronic myeloid leukaemia presented with high circulating levels of hCAP‐18, probably reflecting the high number of all differentiation stages of myeloid cells. We suggest that analysis of serum hCAP‐18 provides additional information regarding myelopoiesis in children with haemato‐oncological diseases, which may have future implications in assessment of myelopoiesis in clinical management.
Extracellular vesicles containing the I‐BAR protein IRSp53 are released from the cell plasma membrane in an Arp2/3 dependent manner
Authors: de Poret Aurore , Dibsy Rayane , Merida Peggy , Trausch Alice , Inamdar Kaushik , Muriaux Delphine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroudExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric membrane vesicles produced by cells and involved in cell–cell communication. EV formation can occur in endosomal compartments whose budding depends on the ESCRT machinery (i.e., exosomes), or at the cell plasma membrane (i.e., EVs or microvesicles). How these EVs bud from the cell plasma membrane is not completely understood. Membrane curvatures of the plasma membrane toward the exterior are often generated by I‐BAR domain proteins. I‐BAR proteins are cytosolic proteins that when activated bind to the cell plasma membrane and are involved in protrusion formation including filopodia and lamellipodia. These proteins contain a conserved I‐BAR domain that senses curvature and induces negative membrane curvatures at the plasma membrane. I‐BAR proteins, such as IRSp53, also interact with actin co‐factors to favor membrane protrusions.ResultsHere, we explore whether the I‐BAR protein IRSp53 is sorting with EVs and if ectopic GFP‐tagged I‐BAR proteins, such as IRSp53‐GFP, as well as related IRTKS‐GFP or Pinkbar proteins, can be found in these EVs originated from the cell plasma membrane. We found that a subpopulation of these I‐BAR EVs, which are negative for the CD81 exosomal biomarker, are produced from the cell plasma membrane in a TSG101‐independent manner but in an Arp2/3‐dependent manner.ConclusionsOur results thus reveal that IRSp53 containing EVs represent a subset of plasma membrane EVs whose production depends on branched actin.SignificanceIRSp53 belongs to the I‐BAR family proteins involved in curving cell membranes through a link with cortical actin. In that perspective, IRSp53 was shown to help membrane curvature of HIV‐1 particles and, here, to be part of the budding process of a sub‐population of EVs through its link with Arp2/3. IRSp53 is consequently a biomarker of these EVs of the cell plasma membrane.
Tumor microenvironmental 15‐PGDH depletion promotes fibrotic tumor formation and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bu Luke , Yonemura Atsuko , Yasuda‐Yoshihara Noriko , Uchihara Tomoyuki , Ismagulov Galym , Takasugi Sanae , Yasuda Tadahito , Okamoto Yuya , Kitamura Fumimasa , Akiyama Takahiko , Arima Kota , Itoyama Rumi , Zhang Jun , Fu Lingfeng , Hu Xichen , Wei Feng , Arima Yuichiro , Moroishi Toshiro , Nishiyama Koichi , Sheng Guojun , Mukunoki Toshifumi , Otani Jun , Baba Hideo , Ishimoto Takatsugu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe arachidonic acid cascade is a major inflammatory pathway that produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Although inhibition of 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH) is reported to lead to PGE2 accumulation, the role of 15‐PGDH expression in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. We utilized Panc02 murine pancreatic cancer cells for orthotopic transplantation into wild‐type and 15‐pgdh+/− mice and found that 15‐pgdh depletion in the tumor microenvironment leads to enhanced tumorigenesis accompanied by an increase in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the promotion of fibrosis. The fibrotic tumor microenvironment is widely considered to be hypovascular; however, we found that the angiogenesis level is maintained in 15‐pgdh+/− mice, and these changes were also observed in a genetically engineered PDAC mouse model. Further confirmation revealed that fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is secreted by pancreatic cancer cells after PGE2 stimulation, consequently promoting CAF proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, in 15‐pgdh+/−Acta2‐TK mice, depletion of fibroblasts inhibited angiogenesis and cancer cell viability in orthotopically transplanted tumors. These findings highlighted the role of 15‐pgdh downregulation in enhancing PGE2 accumulation in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and in subsequently maintaining the angiogenesis level in fibrotic tumors along with CAF expansion.
Circulating cancer‐associated extracellular vesicles as early detection and recurrence biomarkers for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yoshioka Yusuke , Shimomura Manami , Saito Keigo , Ishii Hideshi , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Itoi Takao , Kuroda Masahiko , Mori Masaki , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is essential for improving patient survival rates, and noninvasive biomarkers are urgently required to identify patients who are eligible for curative surgery. Here, we examined extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the serum of PDAC patients to determine their ability to detect early‐stage disease. EV‐associated proteins purified by ultracentrifugation and affinity columns underwent proteomic analysis to identify novel PDAC markers G protein‐coupled receptor class C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8). To verify the potency of GPRC5C‐ or EPS8‐positive EVs as PDAC biomarkers, we analyzed EVs from PDAC patient blood samples using ultracentrifugation in two different cohorts (a total of 54 PDAC patients, 32 healthy donors, and 22 pancreatitis patients) by immunoblotting. The combination of EV‐associated GPRC5C and EPS8 had high accuracy, with area under the curve values of 0.922 and 0.946 for distinguishing early‐stage PDAC patients from healthy controls in the two cohorts, respectively, and could detect PDAC patients who were negative for CA19‐9. Moreover, we analyzed 30 samples taken at three time points from 10 PDAC patients who underwent surgery: before surgery, after surgery, and recurrence as an early‐stage model. These proteins were detected in EVs derived from preoperative and recurrence samples. These results indicated that GPRC5C‐ or EPS8‐positive EVs were biomarkers that have the potential to detect stage I early pancreatic cancer and small recurrent tumors detected by computed tomography.