bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age increased the cancer‐specific mortality risk of thyroid cancer with lung metastasis
Authors: Huang Xiu , Xia Qing , Huang Yueye , Peng Aimei , Yang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between age and cancer‐specific mortality in thyroid cancer (TC) with lung‐metastasis.Patients and MethodsA total of 1418 patients with initial distant metastases from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases were investigated. Patients with a median follow‐up time of 8 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–27] and a median age of 66 years (IQR: 55–76) were divided into five groups by age and the association between age and TC‐specific mortality was analysed.ResultsThe TC‐specific mortality rates were 32.78% (118/360), 46.71% (156/334), 53.93% (199/369), 58.96% (158/268) and 82.76% (72/87) in patients aged ≤55 years, >55 but ≤65 years, >65 but ≤75 years, >75 but ≤85 years and >85 years. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that TC‐specific mortality rate was associated with increased age (p < .001). Compared with patients ≤55 years, patients aged >55 but ≤65 years, >65 but ≤75 years, >75 but ≤85 years and >85 years had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.69 (1.26–2.26), 1.97 (1.47–2.64), 2.18 (1.59–2.99) and 3.24 (2.08–5.06) after adjustments for sex, tumour size and radiation therapy (all p < .001). In TC with initial lung‐metastasis, compared with patients ≤55 years, patients aged >55 but ≤65 years, >65 but ≤75 years, >75 but ≤85 years and >85 years had significantly higher adjusted HRs of 1.68 (1.20–2.36; p = .003), 2.18 (1.57–3.02), 2.16 (1.51–3.08) and 2.91 (1.79–4.75; p < .001). Similar results were obtained in papillary TC.ConclusionsThe TC‐specific mortality was increased with age in TC patients with initial lung‐metastasis, indicating that further risk stratification based on age was necessary for TC over 55 years with lung‐metastasis. Individual treatment strategies maybe recommended for such patients.
Retracted: Lifetime maximization energy‐aware routing protocol for route optimization to improve quality of service in wireless sensor networks
Authors: R Vinod Kumar , G Kavithaa , D Jayanthi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are part of the short‐term networks, including sensitivity, computation, and Wi‐Fi connectivity capability. Many routing, range management, and log transfer protocols are specifically designed for WSN. The previous method showed less efficiency in routing management. The proposed lifetime maximization energy‐aware routing protocol (LTMEARP) protocol is known for its high routing efficiency, giving a higher lifetime and throughput performance. The requirement for a routing system approach is advanced with Internet service provider's protocols by recalculating the routing table after the link stage's substitution worldwide, leading to responses and connection failures by sharing important data after traffic. LTMEARP routing protocol has assured high availability routing performances during traffic conditions. LTMEARP support sends homogeneous and expanded nodes. Analyze a new approach to routing‐based selection algorithms for homogeneous node WSNs. The number of connections is limited and must be adjusted using separate paths and header packets to meet the user's network access location. The results show that the LTMEARP has achieved quality without introducing excessive network access program overhead, which deals with the study of communication and the benefits and problems with the performance of each routing technology.
Mechanistic and therapeutic implications of EphA‐4 receptor tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ganguly Devargya , Thomas Joshua Abby , Ali Abid , Kumar Rahul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractErythropoietin‐producing hepatoma (Eph) receptors belong to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that plays a pivotal role in the development of the brain. Eph can be divided broadly into two groups, namely, EphA and EphB, comprising nine and five members, respectively. In recent years, the role of EphA‐4 has become increasingly apparent in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidence suggests that EphA‐4 results in synaptic dysfunction, which in turn promotes the progression of AD. Moreover, pharmacological or genetic ablation of EphA‐4 in the murine model of AD can alleviate the symptoms. The current review summarizes different pathways by which EphA‐4 can influence pathogenesis. Since, majority of the studies had reported the protective effect of EphA‐4 inhibition during AD, designing therapeutics based on decreasing its enzymatic activity might be necessary for introducing the novel interventions. Therefore, the review described peptide and nanobodies inhibitors of EphA‐4 that exhibit the potential to modulate EphA‐4 and could be used as lead molecules for the targeted therapy of AD.
In vivo microdialysis reveals that blockade of accumbal orexin OX2 but not OX1 receptors enhances dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Aono Yuri , Watanabe Yuriko , Waddington John L. , Saigusa Tadashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens contain orexinergic neural inputs and orexin OX1‐ and OX2‐receptors. Behavioural studies suggest that accumbal orexin receptors modulate accumbal dopaminergic activity‐dependent locomotion in rats. We studied the effects of intra‐accumbal injection of orexin receptor ligands on accumbal extracellular dopamine levels in freely moving rats, using in vivo microdialysis and analysed the roles of OX1‐ and OX2‐receptors in the regulation of basal accumbal dopamine efflux. The orexin receptor ligands were applied intra‐accumbally though a microinjection needle attached with a dialysis probe. Neither the nonselective OX1‐ and OX2‐receptor agonist orexin‐A nor the preferential OX2‐receptor agonist orexin‐B (500.0 pg and 5.0 ng) altered accumbal dopamine levels. The nonselective OX1‐ and OX2‐receptor antagonist MK‐4305 (suvorexant, 500.0 pg, 2.5 and 5.0 ng) enhanced dopamine efflux. A 2‐h tetrodotoxin infusion into nucleus accumbens through the probe or co‐administration of orexin‐A (500.0 pg) strongly inhibited MK‐4305 (5.0 ng)‐induced accumbal dopamine efflux. The selective OX2‐receptor antagonist EMPA (90.0 and 900.0 pg, 9.0 ng) increased dopamine efflux. Intra‐accumbal infusion of tetrodotoxin abolished EMPA (9.0 ng)‐induced dopamine efflux. The selective OX1‐receptor antagonist SB‐334867 (10.0 and 20.0 ng) failed to alter dopamine efflux. Co‐administration of orexin‐B (500.0 pg) inhibited both EMPA (9.0 ng)‐ and MK‐4305 (5.0 ng)‐induced dopamine efflux. Intraperitoneal injection of MK‐4305 (10.0 mg/kg) did not affect accumbal dopamine efflux. The present study provides in vivo neuropharmacological evidence that accumbal OX2‐ but not OX1‐receptors exert inhibitory regulation of basal accumbal dopamine efflux and that blockade of accumbal OX2‐receptors enhances dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.
Upper motor neuron dysfunction is associated with the presence of behavioural impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Maranzano Alessio , Poletti Barbara , Solca Federica , Torre Silvia , Colombo Eleonora , Faré Matteo , Ferrucci Roberta , Carelli Laura , Verde Federico , Morelli Claudia , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIncreasing evidence shows that approximately half of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) display cognitive (ALSci) or behavioural (ALSbi) impairment, or both (ALScbi). The aim of our study was to assess whether the burden of upper and lower motor neuron involvement is associated with the presence of cognitive and behavioural impairment.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective cohort of 110 Italian ALS patients was evaluated to assess correlations between motor and cognitive/behavioural phenotypes. Upper motor neuron regional involvement was measured with the Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score (PUMNS), whilst lower motor neuron signs were assessed using the Lower Motor Neuron Score. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen—Italian version and the Frontal Behaviour Inventory were administered to evaluate patients’ cognitive and behavioural profiles.ResultsThe PUMNS at first visit was significantly higher in behaviourally impaired ALS patients (ALSbi and ALScbi) compared to behaviourally unimpaired individuals (ALS and ALSci) (9.9 vs. 6.9, p = 0.014). Concerning the different Frontal Behaviour Inventory subdomains, higher PUMNS correlated with the presence of apathy, emotive indifference, inflexibility, inattention, perseveration and aggressiveness.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study showing that a clinical prominent upper motor neuron dysfunction is associated with a more significant behavioural impairment in ALS patients, suggesting the hypothesis of a preferential spreading of the pathology from the motor cortex to the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex in this group of patients.
Animal mortality during fire
Authors: Jolly Chris J. , Dickman Chris R. , Doherty Tim S. , van Eeden Lily M. , Geary William L. , Legge Sarah M. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Nimmo Dale G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarth's rapidly warming climate is propelling us towards an increasingly fire‐prone future. Currently, knowledge of the extent and characteristics of animal mortality rates during fire remains rudimentary, hindering our ability to predict how animal populations may be impacted in the future. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global systematic review of the direct effects of fire on animal mortality rates, based on studies that unequivocally determined the fate of animals during fire. From 31 studies spanning 1984–2020, we extracted data on the direct impacts of fire on the mortality of 31 species from 23 families. From these studies, there were 43 instances where direct effects were measured by reporting animal survival from pre‐ to post‐fire. Most studies were conducted in North America (52%) and Oceania (42%), focused largely on mammals (53%) and reptiles (30%), and reported mostly on animal survival in planned (82%) and/or low severity (70%) fires. We found no studies from Asia, Europe or South America. Although there were insufficient data to conduct a formal meta‐analysis, we tested the effect of fire type, fire severity, fire regime, animal body mass, ecological attributes and class on survival. Only fire severity affected animal mortality, with a higher proportion of animals being killed by high than low severity fires. Recent catastrophic fires across the globe have drawn attention to the plight of animals exposed to wildfire. Yet, our systematic review suggests that a relatively low proportion of animals (mean predicted mortality [95% CI] = 3% [1%–9%]) are killed during fire. However, our review also underscores how little we currently know about the direct effects of fire on animal mortality, and highlights the critical need to understand the effects of high severity fire on animal populations.
Sex, gender, and promotion in executive office: Cabinet careers in the world of Westminster
Authors: Curtin Jennifer , Kerby Matthew , Dowding Keith 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides the first analysis of gendered promotion issues for cabinet ministers using most‐similar systems design for three “Westminster‐style” governments: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Using individual‐level data and controlling for biographical, institutional, and country effects we find, in common with earlier literature, that women are more likely to be given less prestigious cabinet posts and be assigned to “feminine” portfolio. Using both sequence and event history analysis, we see the careers of men and women starkly diverge. We find that women are less likely to be promoted than men but find no relationship between prestigious portfolio and promotion. However, feminine portfolio assignments decrease the promotion prospects for women yet increase them for men.
Safety and efficacy of combined essential oils for the skin barrier properties: In vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies
Authors: Infante Victor H. P. , Maia Campos Patrícia M. B. G. , Gaspar Lorena Rigo , Darvin Maxim E. , Schleusener Johannes , Rangel Karen C. , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and the synergistic effects of tea tree, lavender, eucalyptus and tangerine essential oils in combination on the skin using in vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies.MethodsThe phototoxicity was predicted using 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test (OECD TG 432). Skin penetration was evaluated by confocal Raman microspectroscopy using direct application of essential oils to pig ears. For the clinical studies, 40 participants were enrolled and randomized in three groups: (1) lavender, eucalyptus and tangerine, (2) the same essential oils plus melaleuca and (3) placebo group. The skin was evaluated by noninvasive techniques before and after a 90‐day period of topical use.ResultsThe essential oils were non‐phototoxic, but the tangerine oil showed dose‐dependent cytotoxicity (IC50: 33.1 µg/ml), presenting 35% of penetration in the viable epidermis. On the contrary, 17.7 µg/ml in combination was applied per day in the clinical study and the penetration rate for the combinations (10%, 1.77 µg/ml achieving the viable epidermis) guaranteed the safety, since in the clinical study, the application of the four essential oils improved skin barrier and morphologic skin characteristics, as well as increased skin hydration and decreased sebum levels, with no unwanted effects reported.ConclusionsAll essential oils studied were considered non‐cytotoxic or non‐phototoxic separately except tangerine, which present a dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. Finally, the essential oils in combination in an appropriate amount were safe and effective in the improvement of the hydrolipidic balance and morphological properties of the skin.
The effects of NbC nanoparticles synthesized by combustion method on the mechanical properties of Cu–NbC nanocomposite
Authors: Moghim Abbas , Jalaly Maisam , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the first stage of this work, the master nanocomposite of niobium carbide (NbC)–Cu (ceramic‐based nanocomposite) was synthesized by a mechanically induced magnesiothermic combustion in the Nb2O5/CuO/Mg/C system. Ignition time in this system was recorded to be ∼28 min of milling. In the second stage, appropriate amounts of NbC–Cu nanocomposite powder were mixed with pure copper powder to prepare Cu‐based nanocomposite with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 volume fraction of NbC. The final metal matrix nanocomposite powder was sintered by spark plasma sintering method. The density of nanocomposite specimens decreased with increasing the percentage of NbC nanoparticles, while the microhardness of specimens increased with increasing nano‐NbC content. Regarding the tensile test, the sample Cu–10 vol.% NbC nanocomposite with a strength of 372 MPa (∼63% higher than that of nonreinforced copper) was the best composition, and the nanocomposite strength decreased at higher NbC concentrations, mostly due to the agglomeration and nonhomogeneous distribution of reinforcing nanoparticles.
Recent advances in the technology of quick‐frozen baozi: a review
Authors: Feng Wenjuan , Ma Sen , Huang Jihong , Li Li , Wang Xiaoxi , Bao Qingdan 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBaozi is a traditional staple steamed food in China. Current consumer trends urge the production of quick‐frozen baozi on large scales and the formulation of healthier varieties. These demands require a better definition of the relationship between the raw material and/or technological factors and the quality of the quick‐frozen baozi to be developed. This review summarised the recent advances made in understanding the roles of the production process and the ingredients in the appearance, texture, sensory characteristics, nutrition and shelf‐life properties of quick‐frozen baozi. The mechanism of the chemical changes of each component and physical changes of the dough blank during each processing stage is reviewed. In addition, suggestions for further research to improve the quality of frozen steamed products have been proposed.
Bioactive peptides from nuts: A review
Authors: Acevedo‐Juárez Sheccid , Guajardo‐Flores Daniel , Heredia‐Olea Erick , Antunes‐Ricardo Marilena 
Published: January 2022

SummaryOxidative stress occurs because of an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species. Nuts are rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, tannins, and phytosterols. Although nuts are widely consumed because of their beneficial effects on nutrition and health, there is limited information about bioactive peptides from nuts. Pine nut and walnut‐derived peptides are the most studied because these nuts contain a higher amount of protein. Different biological activities have been demonstrated for nut peptides; many of them exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antiseizure, or neuroprotective activity. Recent studies have focused on increasing the bioactivity of identified bioactive peptides by applying new technologies and chemosynthetic strategies. Research tendency points to the generation of peptides with specific sequences for application in specific diseases. Nut bioactive peptides can become key functional ingredients for food, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics.
Role of inhibitory B cell co‐receptors in B cell self‐tolerance to non‐protein antigens*
Authors: Tsubata Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntibodies to non‐protein antigens such as nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and glycolipids play important roles in both host defense against microbes and development of autoimmune diseases. Although non‐protein antigens are not recognized by T cells, antibody production to non‐protein antigens involve T cell–independent mechanisms such as signaling through TLR7 and TLR9 in antibody production to nucleic acids. Although self‐reactive B cells are tolerized by various mechanisms including deletion, anergy, and receptor editing, T cell tolerance is also crucial in self‐tolerance of B cells to protein self‐antigen because self‐reactive T cells induce autoantibody production to these self‐antigens. However, presence of T cell–independent mechanism suggests that T cell tolerance is not able to maintain B cell tolerance to non‐protein self‐antigens. Lines of evidence suggest that B cell response to non‐protein self‐antigens such as nucleic acids and gangliosides, sialic acid‐containing glycolipids, are suppressed by inhibitory B cell co‐receptors CD72 and Siglec‐G, respectively. These inhibitory co‐receptors recognize non‐protein self‐antigens and suppress BCR signaling induced by these antigens, thereby inhibiting B cell response to these self‐antigens. Inhibitory B cell co‐receptors appear to be involved in B cell self‐tolerance to non‐protein self‐antigens that can activate B cells by T cell–independent mechanisms.
Joint engagement in the home environment is frequent, multimodal, timely, and structured
Authors: Suarez‐Rivera Catalina , Schatz Jacob L. , Herzberg Orit , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfants develop in a social context, surrounded by knowledgeable caregivers who scaffold learning through shared engagement with objects. However, researchers have typically examined joint engagement in structured tasks, where caregivers sit near infants and display frequent, prompt, and multimodal behaviors around the objects of infant action. Which features of joint engagement generalize to the real‐world? Despite the importance of joint engagement for infant learning, critical assumptions around joint engagement in everyday interaction remain unexamined. We investigated behavioral and temporal features of joint engagement in the home environment, where objects for play abound and dyad proximity fluctuates. Infant manual actions, mother manual and verbal behaviors, and dyad proximity were coded frame‐by‐frame from 2‐h naturalistic recordings of 13‐ to 23‐month‐old infants and their mothers (N = 38). Infants experienced rich, highly structured, multimodal mother input around the objects of their actions. Specifically, joint engagement occurred within seconds of infant action and was amplified in the context of interpersonal proximity. Findings validate laboratory‐based research on characteristics of joint engagement while highlighting unique properties around the role of mother–infant proximity and temporal structuring of caregiver input over extended time frames. Implications for the social contexts that support infant learning and development are discussed.
Ultralow sintering temperature and piezoelectric properties of Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3−BiScO3−PbTiO3 for low‐temperature co‐firing applications
Authors: Pang Shuting , Wang Yiping , Yang Ying , Zhang Jiyang , Hu Querui , Shi Jingjing , Li XiongJie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3−BiScO3−PbTiO3 (BZT−BS−PT) high Curie temperature piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction method. Systematical investigations on the sintering, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of the piezoceramics have been conducted. It was found that the sintering temperature could be remarkably depressed by varying the compositions in BZT−BS−PT systems. For composition of 11BZT−34BS−55PT ceramic, the sintering temperature is even lowered down to 750°C without any extra additions of sintering aids. Meanwhile, the ceramic sintered at this ultralow temperature presents dense microstructure with relative density up to 97%, as well as optimal properties of piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 336 pC/N and Curie temperature of 415°C. The mechanism of low sintering temperature may be ascribed to the low melting point bismuth‐based components in BZT−BS−PT solid solutions. Furthermore, 11BZT−34BS−55PT multilayer ceramics have been co‐fired at 750°C with Ag internal electrodes. The dense structures, low cost, and optimal comprehensive properties of the co‐fired multilayers illustrate obvious advantages of the ultralow sintering temperature in LTCC devices, implying promising applications of this Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3−BiScO3−PbTiO3 high Curie temperature ternary system.
Characterization, genome analysis and in vitro activity of a novel phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates, India
Authors: Chaudhary Naveen , Mohan Balvinder , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. , Kumar Yashwant , Taneja Neelam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim
We aimed to study host range, stability, genome and antibiofilm activity of a novel phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates.

Methods and Results
A novel lytic phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against UPEC strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, imipenem, beta-lactamase inhibitor combination and polymyxins was isolated from community raw sewage water of Chandigarh. It exhibited a clear plaque morphology and a burst size of 250. In the time-kill assay, the maximum amount of killing was achieved at MOI 1.0. vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 belongs to the family Autographiviridae, has a genome size of 39.5 kb with a GC content of 51.6%. It was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH. It was able to inhibit biofilm formation which may be related to an endolysin encoded by ORF 19.

Conclusions
The vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 is a novel lytic phage that has the potential for inclusion into phage cocktails being developed for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by highly drug-resistant UPEC.

Significance and Impact of the Study
We provide a detailed characterization of a novel lytic Escherichia phage with antibiofilm activity having a potential application against MDR and XDR UPEC causing UTIs.