bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social information-mediated population dynamics in non-grouping prey
Authors: Tóth Zoltán , Kőmüves Gabriella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Inadvertent social information (ISI) use, i.e., the exploitation of social cues including the presence and behaviour of others, has been predicted to mediate population-level processes even in the absence of cohesive grouping. However, we know little about how such effects may arise when the prey population lacks social structure beyond the spatiotemporal autocorrelation originating from the random movement of individuals. In this study, we built an individual-based model where predator avoidance behaviour could spread among randomly moving prey through the network of nearby observers. We qualitatively assessed how ISI use may affect prey population size when cue detection was associated with different probabilities and fitness costs, and characterised the structural properties of the emerging detection networks that would provide pathways for information spread in prey. We found that ISI use was among the most influential model parameters affecting prey abundance and increased equilibrium population sizes in most examined scenarios. Moreover, it could substantially contribute to population survival under high predation pressure, but this effect strongly depended on the level of predator detection ability. When prey exploited social cues in the presence of high predation risk, the observed detection networks consisted of a large number of connected components with small sizes and small ego networks; this resulted in efficient information spread among connected individuals in the detection networks. Our study provides hypothetical mechanisms about how temporary local densities may allow information diffusion about predation threats among conspecifics and facilitate population stability and persistence in non-grouping animals.

Significance statement
The exploitation of inadvertently produced social cues may not only modify individual behaviour but also fundamentally influence population dynamics and species interactions. Using an individual-based model, we investigated how the detection and spread of adaptive antipredator behaviour may cascade to changes in the demographic performance of randomly moving (i.e., non-grouping) prey. We found that social information use contributed to population stability and persistence by reducing predation-related per capita mortality and raising equilibrium population sizes when predator detection ability reached a sufficient level. We also showed that temporary detection networks had structural properties that allowed efficient information spread among prey under high predation pressure. Our work represents a general modelling approach that could be adapted to specific predator-prey systems and scrutinise how temporary local densities allow dynamic information diffusion about predation threats and facilitate population stability in non-grouping animals.
Head-to-head comparison of biparametric versus multiparametric MRI of the prostate before robot-assisted transperineal fusion prostate biopsy
Authors: Thaiss Wolfgang M. , Moser Simone , Hepp Tobias , Kruck Stephan , Rausch Steffen , Scharpf Marcus , Nikolaou Konstantin , Stenzl Arnulf , Bedke Jens , Kaufmann Sascha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) might be an alternative to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI, including dynamic contrast imaging, DCE) to detect and guide targeted biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is no upgrading peripheral zone PI-RADS 3 to PI-RADS 4 without DCE in bpMRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate bpMRI against mpMRI in biopsy-naïve men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) scheduled for robot-assisted-transperineal fusion-prostate biopsy (RA-TB).

Methods
Retrospective single-center-study of 563 biopsy-naïve men (from 01/2015 to 09/2018, mean PSA 9.7 ± 6.5 ng/mL) with PI-RADSv2.1 conform mpMRI at 3 T before RA-TB. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined as ISUP grade ≥ 2 in any core. Two experienced readers independently evaluated images according to PI-RADSv2.1 criteria (separate readings for bpMRI and mpMRI sequences, 6-month interval). Reference standard was histology from RA-TB.

Results
PI-RADS 2 was scored in 5.1% of cases (3.4% cancer/3.4% csPCa), PI-RADS 3 in 16.9% (32.6%/3.2%), PI-RADS 4 in 57.6% (66.1%/58.3%) and PI-RADS 5 in 20.4% of cases (79.1%/74.8%). For mpMRI/bpMRI test comparison, sensitivity was 99.0%/97.1% (p < 0.001), specificity 47.5%/61.2% (p < 0.001), PPV 69.5%/75.1% (p < 0.001) and NPV 97.6%/94.6% (n.s.). csPCa was considered gold standard. 35 cases without cancer were upgraded to PI-RADS 4 (mpMRI) and six PI-RADS 3 cases with csPCa were not upgraded (bpMRI).

Conclusion
In patients planned for RA-TB with elevated PSA and clinical suspicion for PCa, specificity was higher in bpMRI vs. mpMRI, which could solve constrains regarding time and contrast agent.
Redox-dependent Ti stable isotope fractionation on the Moon: implications for current lunar magma ocean models
Authors: Rzehak Laura J. A. , Kommescher Sebastian , Hoare Liam , Kurzweil Florian , Sprung Peter , Leitzke Felipe P. , Fonseca Raúl O. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn terrestrial magmas titanium is predominantly tetravalent (Ti4+), in contrast, lunar magmas are more reduced (IW-1) and hence approximately 10% of their bulk Ti content is trivalent (Ti3+). Changes in oxidation state and coordination number are both important parameters that can serve to drive Ti stable isotope fractionation. As such, mineral–mineral and mineral-melt Ti stable isotope fractionation factors determined for terrestrial samples may not be appropriate for lunar samples that formed under more reducing conditions. To address this issue, several experiments were carried out in gas mixing furnaces over a range offO2(air to IW-1) to determine Ti stable isotope fractionation factors for minerals, such as ilmenite, clinopyroxene and rutile that are highly abundant on the Moon. Results show that the extent of Ti stable isotope fractionation significantly increases with decreasingfO2. For example, the isotopic difference between ilmenite and residual melt (Δ49Tiilmenite-melt) is resolvably lower by ~ 0.44 ‰ from terrestrial-like FMQ-0.5 to lunar-like IW-1 at an intermediate precision of ± 0.003 ‰ (95% c.i. OL–Ti). This confirms that fractionation factors determined for terrestrial conditions are indeed not applicable to lunar settings. Our new fractionation factors for ilmenite, clinopyroxene and silicate melt are mostly consistent with those previously determined by ab initio modelling based on density-functional theory. Using our new experimental data in conjunction with previously published high-precision HFSE data and Ti stable isotope data of lunar basalts, we modelled the solidification of the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO). The model for LMO solidification included fractionation of Ti stable isotopes not only by Ti-oxides, but also by typical lunar silicate minerals as pyroxene or olivine. The resulting δ49Ti for urKREEP and ilmenite-bearing cumulates are within error of previous estimates, but also indicate that ilmenite-bearing cumulates must have contained around 15% ilmenite.
Clinical and genotypic analysis in determining dystonia non-motor phenotypic heterogeneity: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Wadon Megan E. , Fenner Eilidh , Kendall Kimberley M. , Bailey Grace A. , Sandor Cynthia , Rees Elliott , Peall Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe spectrum of non-motor symptoms in dystonia remains unclear. Using UK Biobank data, we analysed clinical phenotypic and genetic information in the largest dystonia cohort reported to date. Case–control comparison of dystonia and matched control cohort was undertaken to identify domains (psychiatric, pain, sleep and cognition) of increased symptom burden in dystonia. Whole exome data were used to determine the rate and likely pathogenicity of variants in Mendelian inherited dystonia causing genes and linked to clinical data. Within the dystonia cohort, phenotypic and genetic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were combined in a mixed model analysis to derive genetically informed phenotypic axes. A total of 1572 individuals with dystonia were identified, including cervical dystonia (n = 775), blepharospasm (n = 131), tremor (n = 488) and dystonia, unspecified (n = 154) groups. Phenotypic patterns highlighted a predominance of psychiatric symptoms (anxiety and depression), excess pain and sleep disturbance. Cognitive impairment was limited to prospective memory and fluid intelligence. Whole exome sequencing identified 798 loss of function variants in dystonia-linked genes, 67 missense variants (MPC > 3) and 305 other forms of non-synonymous variants (including inframe deletion, inframe insertion, stop loss and start loss variants). A single loss of function variant (ANO3) was identified in the dystonia cohort. Combined SNP and clinical data identified multiple genetically informed phenotypic axes with predominance of psychiatric, pain and sleep non-motor domains. An excess of psychiatric, pain and sleep symptoms were evident across all forms of dystonia. Combination with genetic data highlights phenotypic subgroups consistent with the heterogeneity observed in clinical practice.
Is acidemia at birth a risk factor for functional gastrointestinal disorders?
Authors: Indrio Flavia , Marchese Flavia , Rinaldi Matteo , Maffei Gianfranco , Dargenio Vanessa , Cinquepalmi Roberta , Mantovani Massimo Pettoello , Aceti Arianna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in early childhood. It has been demonstrated that neonatal acidemia at delivery can lead to significant neonatal morbidity. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between acidemia at birth and the development of FGIDs, as regurgitation, colic, and constipation, in term infants. Term newborns born at the Foggia University Hospital, Italy during the year 2020 were included in the study. As per routine clinical practice, a cord blood gas analysis on a blood sample drawn from the umbilical artery (UA) of each infant immediately after birth was performed, and Apgar score was recorded. One year after birth, each infant’s parents were interviewed through a phone call to investigate development of FGIDs, feeding practices, and morbidities. During the study period, 1574 term newborns met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of infantile colic, regurgitation, and constipation was higher in infants with low UA pH (colic 51.5% vs. 25.4%, p < 0.001; regurgitation 30.6% vs. 15.2%, p < 0.001; constipation 24.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.015), with infants having moderate-severe acidemia facing the highest risk for all the examined FGIDs. In binary logistic regression analyses, UA pH and perinatal antibiotic exposure proved to be independently associated with the later diagnosis of each FGID.Conclusion: Newborns with acidemia at birth appear to face a higher risk of FGIDs in infancy. Avoiding low cord blood pH should continue to be the goal for obstetricians, while enhanced long-term surveillance for infants who experienced birth acidemia should be required.

What is Known:• Cord blood gas analysis is recommended in all high-risk deliveries, and in some centers, it is performed after all deliveries.• Neonatal acidemia at birth has been linked to adverse outcomes, mainly neurological. Recently, perinatal asphyxia has been reported to increase the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants.

What is New:• An association between acidemia at birth and risk of developing FGIDs such as regurgitation and colic during the first year of life had never been described so far.• An increased surveillance of infants with low UA pH at birth may be beneficial and could allow for early detection of any of the reported FGIDs.
Social Validity in Spain of the Mantente REAL Prevention Program for Early Adolescents
Authors: Cutrín Olalla , Fadden I. Mac , Marsiglia F. F. , Kulis S. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies focusing on the relevance or impact of a program, not just on its efficacy or effectiveness, can make important contributions to prevention science. This article documents the social validity (i.e., a construct encompassing feasibility, acceptability, and utility) of a universal substance use prevention program for early adolescents in Spain. The Mantente REAL (keepin’it REAL) program was culturally adapted to the Spanish context, implemented, and evaluated in six public middle schools in two regions of Spain. Participating teachers (N = 15), students (N = 354), and research team members (N = 6) reported on the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of the program implemented with first grade secondary school students. Qualitative and quantitative data about the program, its curriculum, and the implementation process were collected through teachers’ focus groups, students’ surveys, and observation forms completed by members of the research team. Mantente REAL was perceived to be a prevention program that was feasible for implementation in Spanish middle schools, although some logistics related to school structural constraints should be addressed in future implementations. The topics and activities in the curriculum were highly accepted by teachers and students, and they reported that the program was useful in teaching resistance strategies to cope with substance use and other risky situations. The findings support the social validity of the culturally adapted Mantente REAL program for early adolescents in Spain, and highlight how feedback from stakeholders involved in the implementation can improve the dissemination of effective prevention approaches.
Speed of International Expansion: The Mediating Role of Network Resources Mobilisation
Authors: Bolívar Luis Miguel , Roldán José Luis , Castro-Abancéns Ignacio , Casanueva Cristóbal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultinational Enterprises (MNEs) are often under pressure to expand at the highest possible speed in international markets. They therefore embed themselves in networks of alliances where they can access resources in the form of relational assets, information, and learning to facilitate swifter internationalisation whilst circumventing the risks of time-compression diseconomies. Hence, drawing from the network theory of international business and the perspective of structural embeddedness of interorganisational relationships, this study aims to determine the relationship between access to and mobilisation of network resources in relation to the speed of international expansion among MNEs. For this purpose, we assembled a sample of 131 global-reach MNEs from the airline industry and observed their international expansion activities over a 5-year period. Partial-Least-Squares Structural-Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to capture the multidimensionality of internationalisation speed, under the commitment-breadth-intensity framework, as well as the multidimensionality of both embeddedness and mobilisation; similarly, we employ Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to identify the necessary antecedent variables in our research model. As a result, understanding was gained of the position of each firm within an international alliance network, in terms of how it creates value by obtaining access to resources for international expansion; furthermore, we learned that access is as necessary as mobilisation to increase internationalisation speed, and that, mobilisation is required to mediate the capture of network opportunities. Consequently, the study provided insights for managerial practice: MNEs should pursue centrality in their networks at the same time as planning their resources mobilisation strategies.
The trustworthy and acceptable HRI checklist (TA-HRI): questions and design recommendations to support a trust-worthy and acceptable design of human-robot interaction
Authors: Kraus Johannes , Babel Franziska , Hock Philipp , Hauber Katrin , Baumann Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis contribution to the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) presents a checklist of questions and design recommendations for designing acceptable and trustworthy human-robot interaction (HRI). In order to extend the application scope of robots towards more complex contexts in the public domain and in private households, robots have to fulfill requirements regarding social interaction between humans and robots in addition to safety and efficiency. In particular, this results in recommendations for the design of the appearance, behavior, and interaction strategies of robots that can contribute to acceptance and appropriate trust. The presented checklist was derived from existing guidelines of associated fields of application, the current state of research on HRI, and the results of the BMBF-funded project RobotKoop. The trustworthy and acceptable HRI checklist (TA-HRI) contains 60 design topics with questions and design recommendations for the development and design of acceptable and trustworthy robots. The TA-HRI Checklist provides a basis for discussion of the design of service robots for use in public and private environments and will be continuously refined based on feedback from the community.
Identification and characterization of potential change agents among agri-food producers: regime, niche and hybrid actors
Authors: Bünger Arne , Schiller Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multi-level perspective has been criticized for being functionalistic and paying little attention to actor-based perspectives. Nevertheless, for the identification and assessment of potential change agents in a sustainability transition, a clear conceptual and methodological approach is necessary. This paper, thus, develops a multi-dimensional typology of niche, regime, and hybrid actors, which is conceptually grounded in transition studies and empirically illustrated by a cluster analysis based on a survey of pig and poultry farmers in Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Animal husbandry is chosen as a case study because a significant share of the environmental impact within the agri-food system is attributed to this sector and there is evidence for resistance to change by mainstream actors. Conceptually, the paper provides a framework of constitutive elements for different kinds of actors and contributes to an extension of the niche–regime dichotomy by adding the group of hybrid actors. The empirical results show that cluster analysis is a suitable approach to identify conceptually meaningful differences among interviewed farmers. Among pig and poultry farmers, the regime actors are by far the largest group. The smaller group of hybrid actors, however, has large potential to act as boundary spanners. A particularly interesting finding is that several larger farms are among the group of niche actors which hints at the possibility that larger farms are not necessarily resistant to change.
Diagnostic and Management Strategies in Patients with Late Recurrent Angina after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: de Winter Ruben W. , Rahman Mohammed S. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Schumacher Stefan P. , Jukema Ruurt A. , Somsen Yvemarie B. O. , van Rossum Albert C. , Verouden Niels J. , Danad Ibrahim , Delewi Ronak , Nap Alexander , Knaapen Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will outline the current evidence on the anatomical, functional, and physiological tools that may be applied in the evaluation of patients with late recurrent angina after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Furthermore, we discuss management strategies and propose an algorithm to guide decision-making for this complex patient population.Recent FindingsPatients with prior CABG often present with late recurrent angina as a result of bypass graft failure and progression of native coronary artery disease (CAD). These patients are generally older, have a higher prevalence of comorbidities, and more complex atherosclerotic lesion morphology compared to CABG-naïve patients. In addition, guideline recommendations are based on studies in which post-CABG patients have been largely excluded.SummarySeveral invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tools are currently available to assess graft patency, the hemodynamic significance of native CAD progression, left ventricular function, and myocardial viability. Such tools, in particular the latest generation coronary computed tomography angiography, are part of a systematic diagnostic work-up to guide optimal repeat revascularization strategy in patients presenting with late recurrent angina after CABG.
‘Kindness and empathy beyond all else’: Challenges to professional identities of Higher Education teachers during COVID-19 times
Authors: Cain Melissa , Campbell Chris , Coleman Kathryn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has continued to effect higher education globally in significant ways. During 2020, many institutions shifted learning online overnight as the sector closed its doors and opened new sites for remote teaching. This article reports on an international study [Phillips et al., 2021] that sought to capture how cross-sectoral teachers experienced these emergency changes during the first months of restrictions. The data, analysed using narrative identity theory, revealed concerns that fall into two broad categories: technologies and relationships. Significantly, it was not a loss of content delivery or changes to assessment that prompted the greatest anxiety for our colleagues, but that they held significant concerns about their students’ mental health; inequities of access to a range of services including technological; and challenges connecting emotionally with their students at a distance. The results provide actionable strategies for higher education institutions to apply in future emergencies where remote teaching is necessary.
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to non-commensurate fractional-order planar systems
Authors: Diethelm Kai , Thai Ha Duc , Tuan Hoang The 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to studying non-commensurate fractional order planar systems. Our contributions are to derive sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of non-trivial solutions to fractional-order inhomogeneous linear planar systems and for the Mittag-Leffler stability of an equilibrium point to fractional order nonlinear planar systems. To achieve these goals, our approach is as follows. Firstly, based on Cauchy’s argument principle in complex analysis, we obtain various explicit sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear systems whose coefficient matrices are constant. Secondly, by using Hankel type contours, we derive some important estimates of special functions arising from a variation of constants formula of solutions to inhomogeneous linear systems. Then, by proposing carefully chosen weighted norms combined with the Banach fixed point theorem for appropriate Banach spaces, we get the desired conclusions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effect of the main theoretical results.
Trace regularity for biharmonic evolution equations with Caputo derivatives
Authors: Loreti Paola , Sforza Daniela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur goal is to establish a hidden regularity result for solutions of time fractional Petrovsky systems. The order $$\alpha $$
α
of the Caputo fractional derivative belongs to the interval (1, 2). We achieve such result for a suitable class of weak solutions.