bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero Tolerance: The Trump Administration’s Permanent Anti-Immigrant Offensive and its Repercussions in the Americas
Authors: Cohen James 
Published: January 2022

La politique de l’administration Trump en matière d’immigration et de gestion de la frontière mexicaine est ici examinée sous l’angle de son impact non seulement sur les migrants et demandeurs d’asile mais aussi sur les pays et les États d’origine, en particulier ceux du « triangle nord » de l’Amérique centrale : le Guatemala, le Honduras et le Salvador, ainsi que Mexique en tant que pays de transit. Bien que Trump ait manifesté vis-à-vis de ces pays et leurs dirigeants un comportement fantasque et imprévisible, son administration y avait néanmoins une méthode, grâce notamment à la détermination du conseiller présidentiel Stephen Miller, décidé à stopper les flux venant de ces pays, par tous les moyens, y compris en séparant les parents et enfants comme mesure de dissuasion et en obligeant le Mexique à garder de son côté de la frontière tous les demandeurs d’asile. Ces mesures draconiennes n’ont cependant pas réussi à endiguer les flux, ce qui reflète une crise sociale permanente dans les pays d’origine, à laquelle la politique états-unienne elle-même contribue depuis plusieurs décennies.
Le « choc de Trump » et la Chine : leçons du protectionnisme trumpien
Authors: Velut Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2022

Les guerres commerciales sino-américaines et l’accord dit de « Phase 1 » dont elle a accouché constituent le test le plus probant pour évaluer la politique commerciale de Donald Trump. S’agit-il d’un nouveau départ pour la diplomatie économique américaine ou au contraire un échec économique et géostratégique patent ? Cet article dresse le bilan de cette expérience protectionniste en trois parties : la première définit le nationalisme économique trumpien entre héritage et hérésie de la politique commerciale américaine ; la seconde examine les conséquences économiques et sociales de la guerre commerciale impulsée par Donald Trump ; la troisième analyse la forme et le fond de l’accord commercial dit « de Phase 1 » conclu entre les États-Unis et la Chine en janvier 2020 et tire les enseignements de l’expérience protectionniste trumpienne, en esquissant les perspectives géopolitiques pour l’administration Biden.
An enunciative description of three concessive sentence adverbs in English: yet, however, nevertheless
Authors: Ranger Graham 
Published: January 2022

Les constructions concessives impliquent une opération complexe selon laquelle l’énonciateur signale la prise en compte, sinon la validation, d’un rapport d’inférence entre deux états de choses p et q, tout en s'opposant à ce rapport dans le contexte. De telles constructions peuvent marquer une distance prise par l’énonciateur vis-à-vis de l’une ou l’autre des propositions en présence, voire du rapport inférentiel sous-jacent. Ce positionnement subjectif, par rapport aux domaines de p, q et du rapport entre ces deux, est corrélé à l’emploi de certains marqueurs, qui peuvent recevoir des paramétrages complémentaires selon leur configuration contextuelle.La présente étude se concentre sur trois constructions concessives en particulier (le terme de « construction » est employé au sens large d’une configuration textuelle en tenant compte de la position et du contexte) impliquant la catégorie des connecteurs : YET, HOWEVER et NEVERTHELESS. Chaque marqueur est décrit à la lumière de la théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives, comme la trace d’opérations portant sur la construction de valeurs référentielles pour les propositions associées, ainsi que sur le positionnement énonciatif. La modélisation des opérations correspond à des configurations contextuelles caractéristiques des marqueurs, décrites à la lumière de données extraites de corpus (le British National Corpus, et un court texte argumentatif contemporain).
Early discontinuation of biological therapy among inflammatory bowel disease patients in Bahrain
Authors: Abdulla Maheeba , AlQamish Jehad , Mohammed Nafeesa , Al Saeed Mahmood , Aali Hasan Jawad Al , Al Khaja Aysha , Hasan Zahra Abdulla Isa Yusuf , Haider Fatema Yusuf , Ebrahim Sayed Dhiyaa Noor , Mahfoodh Zahra Sayed Alawi , Hubail Mahmood Ali Hasan , Alhajri Isa , Al-Matrook Fatema , Tork Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Despite the effectiveness of several biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), some patients respond better than others. Such discrepancies are often evident early in the treatment course. The aim of this study is to identify the risks and assess the rate of early biological discontinuation (BD) among IBD patients.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study conducted in Bahrain all IBD patients who were administered biological agents between June 2009 and June 2019 were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect study data and confirm IBD diagnoses. Early discontinuation of biological agents was defined by discontinuation of a biological agent (within 6 months from administration). Montreal classification was used to classify Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to location and extension, respectively.

Results:
Ineffectiveness was the most common reason for early BD. Early BD was not related to the type of IBD, biological agent used, or to most patient-related factors (such as gender and family history). Patient age at index biological initiation was the only independent significant predictor of early BD (P = 0.045, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.06 (1.001–1.116)] even after correction of two significant factors: comorbid diabetes and marked weight loss at diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The older the IBD patient at the time of biological therapy initiation, the higher the incidence of early BD. Therefore, caution and close follow-up are required for biological therapy among elderly patients to assess effectiveness and adverse drug reactions.
Zhitong Jiangu decoction mitigates osteoarthritis in rabbits via regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Xiaodong Li , Xinping Su , Xuyi Tan , Haien Luo , Canyu He , Gang Huang , Daowei Zhang , Kejian Zhu 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Zhitong Jiangu decoction (ZJD) on osteoarthritis rabbits, and the mechanism of action involved.
Methods: Chondrocytes were obtained from the knees of osteoarthritic rabbits. These chondrocytes were randomly assigned to 7 groups: sham, 5, 10 and 20 % normal serum groups; 5 % ZJD, 10 % ZJD and 20 % ZJD groups. The gross and histopathological features of the rabbit cartilage were examined by microscopy. Each group was treated with a different concentration of rabbit normal serum or rabbit drug-containing serum. The protective effect of different concentrations of ZJD on the cells were determined. Cell proliferation and concentrations of IL-1 and MMP-3 were determined using cell counting kit (CCK) 8 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase α (IKK-α) and nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF- κB p65) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) and immunoblotting, as appropriate.
Results: Gross and histopathological examinations of rabbit cartilage showed that osteoarthritis was successfully established in rabbit knee joint. Cell proliferation significantly and time- and concentration-dependently increased in drug-containing serum groups, relative to sham and normal serum-containing groups. However, expressions of NF-κB p65, IL-1, MMP-3 and IKK-α were markedly and time- and concentration-dependently reduced in drug-containing serum groups, relative to sham and normal serum-containing groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicate that ZJD mitigates osteoarthritis in rabbits via regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, it can potentially be developed for the management of osteoarthritis.
Computational design of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kg) inhibitors as a newer therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tang Haiyan , Ren Kai , Wang Guanjie , Zhang Rong , Zhang Long 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To develop a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by altering factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Methods: Molecular docking simulation-based virtual screening was performed against phosphoinositide-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kg) to identify potential leads that may serve as anti-rheumatoid arthritic agents through their interactions and binding energies with the target receptor, followed by their optimization for improvement of their pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles.
Results: Molecular docking simulation-based virtual screening and computational toxicity profiling predicted that the lead compounds ZINC04376856, ZINC01729526, ZINC01045089, ZINC03954520, ZINC01738764, and ZINC01163259 were potent PI3Kg inhibitors.
Conclusion: These lead compounds exert potent inhibitory effects on human PI3Kg receptor. Thus, they need to be experimentally validated for use in the development of novel drugs for treating RA in humans.
Molecular docking and dynamic simulation study to explore quercetin as a multi-potent candidate against gliomas
Authors: Rizvi Syed Mohd Danish , Hussain Talib , Mehmood Khalid , Moin Afrasim , Alanazi Abulrahman Sattam , Subaiea Gehad M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To search for novel gliomas targets and their inhibitors using a molecular docking approach.
Methods: Quercetin multi-targeting potential was investigated against some of the emerging gliomas targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NMRPTase) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Crucial biochemical interaction of quercetin with these targets were analyzed using molecular docking study.
Results: Quercetin interacted strongly via hydrogen bonding with important active sites consisting of amino acid residues of EphA2 and PAI-1, and showed binding energy of -7.44 and -7.38 kcal/mol, respectively. Some crucial active site amino acids involved in the interaction of known EphA2 and PAI-1 inhibitors (Alw-II-41-27 and ACT001) were common in quercetin interactions as well, and both inhibitors as well as quercetin did not violate Lipinski rules. Importantly, the quercetin-EphA2 and quercetin-PAI-1 complexes were stable as minimal fluctuations within the permissible limit were observed during a 20 ns trajectory performed on desmond simulation platform.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that quercetin has been studied extensively against various cancer pathways, its transformation from a long-time bench candidate into bedside medications still needs further exploration. Nevertheless, the present predictive biochemical interaction analysis against emerging glioma targets might pave way for the design of novel therapeutic agents based on quercetin scaffolds.
Effect of soil type on chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Solanum nigrum (L.) shoot oil extracts
Authors: Ogundola Adijat F. , Bvenura Callistus , Afolayan Anthony J. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different soil textures on chemical composition and antioxidant properties of essential oils from Solanum nigrum.
Methods: Four soils of differing texture were formulated from soil under fallow to cultivate S. nigrum in a glasshouse. Essential Oil was extracted from fresh shoots by solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant properties were assayed (DPPH) and ABTS
Results: GC-MS profiling revealed variations in the quality index (QI), number of chemical constituents and antioxidant results of S. nigrum oil. Geraniol and citronellol were the two principal components. The highest activity of the antioxidant was found in plants cultivated on clay loam soil. Fifty percent (50%) Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) ranged from 1.196 to 1.594 μg/mL and 0.067 to 3.59 μg /mL in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively.
Conclusions: This research work indicates that soil texture influences the oil quality, quantity and chemical composition of oil extracted from S. nigrum shoots. Essential oil extracts from S. nigrum grown on clay loam soils recorded the highest antioxidant properties.
Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on perioperative and postoperative outcomes in lung cancer patients after thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Zhou Ying , Xu Ting 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of lung cancer patients after thoracoscopic surgery.
Methods: Lung cancer patients (n = 265) aged 51 – 73 years (mean age = 62 ± 11 years) who underwent thoracoscopic surgery under propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia were recruited over a 2-year period for this study. Data on perioperative pulmonary function, inflammatory responses, awakening time, postoperative pain and adverse reactions, pre- and postoperative cognitive functions, as well as duration of hospital stay were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Perioperative pulmonary function was poor in patients who were operated under sevoflurane, relative to those who were operated under propofol (p < 0.05). After sternal closure (just before one-lung ventilation), levels of serum of interleukin 6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and S100β protein were reported to be higher in patients of sevoflurane group than those in propofol group, but interleukin 10 (IL-10) level was markedly reduced in sevoflurane group, relative to propofol group (p < 0.05). Awakening times and visual analog scale score of patients 24 h after thoracoscopic surgery of patients in sevoflurane group were significantly higher than those in propofol group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicate that propofol is more effective than sevoflurane in the protection of pulmonary and cognitive functions of patients after thoracoscopic surgery. Thus, intravenous propofol anesthesia is recommended for thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer.
Potential regulatory effects of CXCR2 and CPEB1 on cardiac cachexia
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Congyu , Tong Qian , Feng Xiaoxing 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) which are linked to inflammatory and cellular senescence, on cardiac cachexia.
Methods: Early and advanced stages of cardiac cachexia were established in mice using exogenous injection of single doses of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively). The expressions of CXCR2 and CPEB1 were assayed using immonohistochemistry and Western blotting.
Results: Following two weeks of GDF11 injection, cardiac tissue mass was reduced by 23 and 39 % in early and advanced stages cardiac cachexia, respectively, in mice. Histology showed progressive loss of cardiac muscle and cardiomyocyte shrinkage in early stage, with extensive cardiac muscle wasting and disruption of cardiac arche structure in the advanced stage. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that CXCR2 was 4.6 times overexpressed in the initial stage of cachexia, but was restricted to only 2.4-fold overexpression in advanced stage of cardiac cachexia. The results showed that CXCR2 and its higher expression in early stages of cardiac cachexia prepared the cardiac microenvironment for vast changes during which its expression was limited. There were 2.2-fold and 5.5-fold higher expressions of CPEB1 in early and advanced stages of cardiac cachexia, respectively, indicating its role in cardiac muscle wasting and remodelling in cellular senescence.
Conclusion: CXCR2 overexpression modulates extensive cardiac muscle loss in cardiac cachexia, thus affording a strategy for the management of this pathological condition.
Over-expression of miR-124 impairs proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pituitary prolactinoma by targeting PHD finger protein 19
Authors: Li Zongxi , Ren Lingxuan , Wang Shoujie 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of miR-124 in pituitary prolactinoma.
Methods: The viability and proliferation of prolactinoma cells were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining assays. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using the transwell assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition was investigated using western blotting. The target gene of miR-124 was verified by the luciferase activity assay.
Results: The viability and proliferation of prolactinoma cells were repressed by miR-124 over-expression (p < 0.01). Forced miR-124 expression suppressed prolactinoma cell migration and invasion (p < 0.01). E-cadherin expression was enhanced, while N-cadherin and vimentin were reduced, by miR- 124 over-expression (p < 0.01). PHF19 (plant homeodomain-like finger protein 19) contains an miR-124 binding site, and PHF19 over-expression enhanced cell proliferation, promoted cell migration and invasion, reduced E-cadherin expression and enhanced N-cadherin and vimentin expression in prolactinoma cells. Additionally, miR-124 mimic-induced suppression of prolactinoma cell growth and metastasis was attenuated by forced PHF19 expression.
Conclusion: MiR-124 retards prolactinoma cell growth and metastasis by reducing PHF19, providing a promising therapeutic target for prolactinoma.
Is laparoscopic major hepatectomy feasible and safe in Swiss cantonal hospitals?
Authors: Heid Franziska , Toti Johannes , Balzarotti Canger Ruben C. , Cristaudi Alessandra , Breitenstein Stefan , Majno-Hurst Pietro , Schadde Erik 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The number of laparoscopic liver resections is increasing worldwide, including in Switzerland. However, laparoscopy is mostly used for minor resections. Little is known about indications for and outcomes of major liver resections performed laparoscopically. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of open and laparoscopic major liver resection cohorts in two Swiss centres.
METHODS: Patients undergoing open or laparoscopic major hepatectomy (>3 segments) in two cantonal hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019 were analysed. All disease types except perihilar cholangiocarcinomas, rare malignancies and resections with biliary reconstruction were included. The primary outcome was the number of complications incurred. Operation time, blood loss, hospital stay and 90-day mortality were secondary outcomes investigated. A separate analysis was performed for colorectal liver metastases, the most common indication. Potential risk factors for major complications were evaluated in a multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were identified. Among those, 34 patients underwent laparoscopic major hepatectomy (LAPH) and 54 patients open major hepatectomy (OH). The two groups did not differ in demographics. The most common indication was malignancy (LAPH 94% vs OH 98%), mainly colorectal liver metastases (LAPH 53% vs OH 59%). There was no significant difference in major complications (21% vs 15%, p = 0.565). Median operation time (LAPH 433 minutes, interquartile range [IQR 351–482 vs OH 397 minutes, IQR 296–446; p = 0.222), blood loss (325 ml, IQR 200–575 vs 475 ml, IQR 300–800; p = 0.150) and hospital stay (9 days, IQR 8–14 vs 11 days, IQR 9–14; p = 0.441) were comparable between the two cohorts. There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality (3% vs 7%, p = 0.881). The laparoscopic technique was not identified as a risk factor for major complications in a multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION: This first report from Switzerland evaluating outcomes of laparoscopic major hepatectomies showed no difference in complications and clinical non-inferiority compared with open major hepatectomy.
Development of a value-based healthcare delivery model for sarcoma patients
Authors: Fuchs Bruno , Studer Gabriela , Bode Beata , Wellauer Hanna , Frei Annika , Theus Carlo , Schüpfer Guido , Plock Jan , Windegger Hubi , Breitenstein Stefan 
Published: January 2022

The urgent need to restructure healthcare delivery to address rising costs has been recognised. Value-based health care aims to deliver high and rising value for the patient by addressing unmet needs and controlling costs. Sarcoma is a rare disease and its care is therefore usually not organised as an institutional discipline. It comprises a set of various diagnostic entities and is highly transdisciplinary. A bottom-up approach to establishing sarcoma integrated practice units (IPUs) faces many challenges, but ultimately allows the scaling up of quality and outcomes of patient care, specific knowledge, experience and education. The key for value-based health care – besides defining the shared value of quality – is an integrated information technology platform that allows transparency by sharing values, brings all stakeholders together in real-time, and offers the opportunity to assess quality of care and outcomes, thereby ultimately saving costs. Sarcoma as a rare disease may serve as a model of how to establish IPUs through a supraregional network by increased connectivity, to advance patient care, to improve science and education, and to control costs in the future, thereby restructuring healthcare delivery. This article describes how the value-based health care delivery principles are being adopted and fine-tuned to the care of sarcoma patients, and already partially integrated in seven major referral hospitals in Switzerland.
Critical incident reporting over time: a retrospective, descriptive analysis of 5493 cases
Authors: Jäger Christoph , Mohr Giulia , Gökcimen Ken , Navarini Alexander , Schwendimann René , Müller Simon 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: As recommended by the WHO and many national healthcare authorities, health care institutions of most industrialised countries have employed a critical incident reporting system (CIRS). However, little is known about differences in critical incidents across clinical specialties, the use of CIRSs amongst different professional groups, the types, severity and risk of reoccurrence of critical incidents, their contributing factors and the preventive actions taken in response.
METHODS: In this retrospective, descriptive study we critically reviewed all reports filed in the CIRS of our institution between 2013 and 2019 and analysed characteristics over time.
RESULTS: Of the 5493 analysed incidents, the main types were related to medications (32.8%), clinical procedures (32.6%) or behaviour of employees (23.3%). Only 21.6% of reports were made by physicians, 51.3% were rated at least “high risk”. Major contributing factors were personal factors (44.0%), lack of training and knowledge (43.7%) and communication errors (36.1%). Most actions taken to prevent similar events aimed at improving communications (23.6%); in 46.3% no actions whatsoever were taken. Longitudinal analysis revealed that reporting increased in internal medicine and obstetrics but collapsed in laboratory medicine / microbiology. Steady increases in medication-type incidents as well as lack of training and knowledge as contributing factors were observed.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the efferent loop (feedback, preventive actions taken) was the weakest part of the CIRS in our institution, indicating that no learning may have resulted from a large number of reports. In particular, the actions taken appeared to not adequately address the major contributing factors. This highlights that special attention must be paid to the efferent loop of a CIRS to fulfil the purpose of such a reporting system and ultimately to improve patient safety.