bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winogradskyella luteola sp.nov., Erythrobacter ani sp. nov., and Erythrobacter crassostrea sp.nov., isolated from the hemolymph of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Pira Hani , Risdian Chandra , Müsken Mathias , Schupp Peter J. , Wink Joachim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree new bacterial strains, WHY3T, WH131T, and WH158T, were isolated and described from the hemolymph of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas utilizing polyphasic taxonomic techniques. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WHY3T was a member of the genus Winogradskyella, whereas strains WHI31T and WH158T were members of the genus Erythrobacter. According to the polygenomic study the three strains formed individual lineages with strong bootstrap support. The comparison of dDDH-and ANI values, percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), and average amino acid identity (AAl) between the three strains and their relatives established that the three strains represented two separate genera. Menaquinone-6 was reported as the major respiratory quinone in strain WHY3T and Ubiquinone-10 for strains WH131T and WH158T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids for strain WHY3T were C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 ω7c, iso-C15:0, C16:1ω7c. The major cellular fatty acids for strains WH131T and WH158T were C14:02-OH and t18:1ω12 for WH131T and C17:0, and C18:1ω7c for strain WH158T. Positive Sudan Black B staining Indicated the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid granules for strains WH131T and WH158T but not for strain WHY3T. The DNA G + C contents of strains WHY3T, WH131T and WH158T were 34.4, 59.7 and 56.6%, respectively. Gene clusters predicted some important genes involved in the bioremediation process. Due to the accomplishment of polyphasic taxonomy, we propose three novel species Winogradskyella luteola sp.nov. (type strain WHY3T = DSM 111804T = NCCB 100833T), Erythrobacter ani sp.nov. (WH131T = DSM 112099T = NCCB 100824T) and Erythrobacter crassostrea sp.nov. (WH158T = DSM 112102T = NCCB 100877T).
Morph-specific differences in escape behavior in a color polymorphic lizard
Authors: Brock Kinsey M. , Madden Indiana E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVariation in color morph behavior is an important factor in the maintenance of color polymorphism. Alternative anti-predator behaviors are often associated with morphological traits such as coloration, possibly because predator-mediated viability selection favors certain combinations of anti-predator behavior and color. The Aegean wall lizard,Podarcis erhardii, is color polymorphic and populations can have up to three monochromatic morphs: orange, yellow, and white. We investigated whether escape behaviors differ among coexisting color morphs, and if morph behaviors are repeatable across different populations with the same predator species. Specifically, we assessed color morph flight initiation distance (FID), distance to the nearest refuge (DNR), and distance to chosen refuge (DR) in two populations of Aegean wall lizards from Naxos island. We also analyzed the type of refugia color morphs selected and their re-emergence behavior following a standardized approach. We found that orange morphs have different escape behaviors from white and yellow morphs, and these differences are consistent in both populations we sampled. Orange morphs have shorter FIDs, DNRs, and DRs; select different refuge types; and re-emerge less often after being approached compared to white and yellow morphs. Observed differences in color morph escape behaviors support the idea that morphs have evolved alternative behavioral strategies that may play a role in population-level morph maintenance and loss.Significance statementColor polymorphic species often differ in behaviors related to reproduction, but differences in other behaviors are relatively underexplored. In this study, we use an experimental approach in two natural populations of color populations of color polymorphic lizards to determine that color morphs have diverged in their escape behaviors. By conducting our experiments in two different populations with similar predator regimes, we show for the first time that behavioral differences among intra-specific color morphs are repeatable across populations, suggesting that alternative behavioral strategies have evolved in this species. Using this experimental approach, we demonstrate that the brightest orange morph stays closer to refuge than other morphs, uses a different refuge type (vegetation) more often than other morphs (wall crevices), and take much longer to emerge from refuge after a simulated predation event than other morphs. Thus, selective pressures from visual predators may differ between morphs and play a role in the evolution and maintenance of color polymorphisms in these types of systems. Our study species,Podarcis erhardii, belongs to a highly color polymorphic genus (19/23 spp. are color polymorphic) that contains the same three color morphs, thus we believe our results may be relevant to more than justP.erhardii.
Mining and Sustainability in the Circumpolar North: The Role of Government in Advancing Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Jackson Sarah , Poelzer Gregory , Poelzer Greg , Noble Bram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is recognized as important to fostering sustainable natural resource development in the Circumpolar North. Governments are playing an increasingly active role in promoting and shaping CSR initiatives, often in collaboration with Indigenous communities and industry. This paper explores the role of CSR in mining for improving socio-economic and environmental management practice. The article argues that government instituted regulations can lead to the development and implementation of CSR practices by mining companies. To examine the relationship between government requirements and CSR, we use two Northern case studies: Cameco Corporation’s uranium mining operations located in Saskatchewan, Canada and Northern Iron’s iron mining operation located in Troms and Finnmark county, Norway. Through an in-depth review of scholarly literature, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews, our findings suggest that the role of the state in the initiation and implementation of CSR is of much greater importance than is currently acknowledged in the literature. In the case of Cameco, the Mine Surface Lease Agreements agreed to by the corporation and the provincial government provided motivation for the development and implementation of their world-renowned CSR practices, resulting in a community-based environmental monitoring program and benefits for both the company and surrounding communities. With Northern Iron’s operations in Kirkenes, working hour requirements instituted by the Norwegian Government allowed for significantly higher levels of local employment. Our findings suggest a greater role exists for government to facilitate the adoption of CSR policies, contributing in turn to improved socio-economic and environmental outcomes for Northern communities.
An analysis framework to evaluate irrigation decisions using short-term ensemble weather forecasts
Authors: Guo Danlu , Wang Quan J. , Ryu Dongryeol , Yang Qichun , Moller Peter , Western Andrew W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIrrigation water is an expensive and limited resource and optimal scheduling can boost water efficiency. Scheduling decisions often need to be made several days prior to an irrigation event, so a key aspect of irrigation scheduling is the accurate prediction of crop water use and soil water status ahead of time. This prediction relies on several key inputs including initial soil water status, crop conditions and weather. Since each input is subject to uncertainty, it is important to understand how these uncertainties impact soil water prediction and subsequent irrigation scheduling decisions. This study aims to develop an uncertainty-based analysis framework for evaluating irrigation scheduling decisions under uncertainty, with a focus on the uncertainty arising from short-term rainfall forecasts. To achieve this, a biophysical process-based crop model, APSIM (The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator), was used to simulate root-zone soil water content for a study field in south-eastern Australia. Through the simulation, we evaluated different irrigation scheduling decisions using ensemble short-term rainfall forecasts. This modelling produced an ensemble of simulations of soil water content, as well as ensemble simulations of irrigation runoff and drainage. This enabled quantification of risks of over- and under-irrigation. These ensemble estimates were interpreted to inform the timing of the next irrigation event to minimize both the risks of stressing the crop and/or wasting water under uncertain future weather. With extension to include other sources of uncertainty (e.g., evapotranspiration forecasts, crop coefficient), we plan to build a comprehensive uncertainty framework to support on-farm irrigation decision-making.
Early administration of remdesivir plus convalescent plasma therapy is effective to treat COVID-19 pneumonia in B-cell depleted patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Magyari Ferenc , Pinczés László Imre , Páyer Edit , Farkas Katalin , Ujfalusi Szilvia , Diószegi Ágnes , Sik Máté , Simon Zsófia , Nagy Gergely , Hevessy Zsuzsanna , Nagy Béla , Illés Árpád 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at a higher risk of developing severe form and protracted course of COVID-19 disease. We investigated whether the combination of viral replication inhibition with remdesivir and administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins with convalescent plasma (CP) therapy might be sufficient to treat B-cell-depleted patients with COVID-19. We enrolled 20 consecutive patients with various HMs with profound B-cell lymphopenia and COVID-19 pneumonia between December 2020 and May 2021. All patients demonstrated undetectable baseline anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin levels before CP. Each patient received at least a complete course of remdesivir and at least one unit of CP. Previous anti-CD20 therapy resulted in a more prolonged SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity compared to other causes of B-cell lymphopenia (p = 0.004). Timing of CP therapy showed a significant impact on the clinical outcome. Simultaneous use of remdesivir and CP reduced time period for oxygen weaning after diagnosis (p = 0.017), length of hospital stay (p = 0.007), and PCR positivity (p = 0.012) compared to patients who received remdesivir and CP consecutively. In addition, time from the diagnosis to CP therapy affected the length of oxygen dependency (p < 0.001) and hospital stay (p < 0.0001). In those cases where there were at least 10 days from the diagnosis to plasma administration, oxygen dependency was prolonged vs. patients with shorter interval (p = 0.006). In conclusion, the combination of inhibition of viral replication with passive immunization was proved to be efficient and safe. Our results suggest the clear benefit of early, combined administration of remdesivir and CP to avoid protracted COVID-19 disease among patients with HMs and B-cell lymphopenia.
Creation of an incus recess for a middle-ear microphone using a drill or laser ablation: a comparison of equivalent noise level and middle ear transfer function
Authors: Morse Robert P. , Mitchell-Innes Alistair , Prokopiou Andreas N. , Irving Richard M. , Begg Philip A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Studies have assessed the trauma and change in hearing function from the use of otological drills on the ossicular chain, but not the effects of partial laser ablation of the incus. A study of the effectiveness of a novel middle-ear microphone for a cochlear implant, which required an incus recess for the microphone balltip, provided an opportunity to compare methods and inform a feasibility study of the microphone with patients.

Methods
We used laser Doppler vibrometry with an insert earphone and probe microphone in 23 ears from 14 fresh-frozen cadavers to measure the equivalent noise level at the tympanic membrane that would have led to the same stapes velocity as the creation of the incus recess.

Results
Drilling on the incus with a diamond burr created peak noise levels equivalent to 125.1–155.0 dB SPL at the tympanic membrane, whilst using the laser generated equivalent noise levels barely above the baseline level. The change in middle ear transfer function following drilling showed greater variability at high frequencies, but the change was not statistically significant in the three frequency bands tested.

Conclusions
Whilst drilling resulted in substantially higher equivalent noise, we considered that the recess created by laser ablation was more likely to lead to movement of the microphone balltip, and therefore decrease performance or result in malfunction over time. For patients with greatly reduced residual hearing, the greater consistency from drilling the incus recess may outweigh the potential benefits of hearing preservation with laser ablation.
Production of sealed rod sources made from epoxy resin for the Saint-Petersburg brick phantom for the calibration of whole-body counters
Authors: Woidy Patrick , Meisenberg Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRod sources are a common tool for the calibration of whole-body counters in combination with the Saint-Petersburg brick phantom. Here, a method for the production of such sources in ordinary radiochemical laboratories is presented. The rod sources consist of a tubular capsule of rigid polyvinyl chloride with a radioactive filling of epoxy resin. The method allows the production of rod sources at material costs of about 1 € per rod source and of ten rod sources by one person per day. Quality-assurance measurements were performed regarding the spatial distribution of the activity within the rod sources and the distribution of the activity throughout a set of sources. The relative double standard deviation of the activities of five different segments of single rod sources was 7.1%. The relative double standard deviation within a set of 90 rod sources was 2.8% after those 11% of sources with the greatest deviation from the arithmetic mean were discarded. Tests according to ISO 2919 to certify the rod sources as sealed sources of Class 2 of this standard were successfully conducted. The bending test proved to be the most critical test for the rod sources; the sources were broken by a mass of 12–14 kg, which is only slightly more than the stipulated mass of 10.2 kg. The presented method allows for a cost- and labour-effective production of sealed radioactive rod sources and thus facilitates the application of the Saint-Petersburg brick phantom for calibrations and interlaboratory comparisons of whole-body counters.
Disentangling task-selection failures from task-execution failures in task switching: an assessment of different paradigms
Authors: Moretti Luca , Koch Iring , Steinhauser Marco , Schuch Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifferentiating errors on the basis of the distinct cognitive mechanisms that may have generated them has provided neuropsychologists with useful diagnostic tools. For example, perseverative errors arising from the inability of the patient to set a new criterion for responding are considered one of the hallmarks of cognitive inflexibility. Similarly, in the task-switching paradigm it is possible to distinguish between task-confusion errors, produced by a failure in task selection, and response-confusion errors, arising when the correct task is selected, but the wrong response is given. Nonetheless, only a few studies so far have exploited the existence of different kinds of errors in multitasking situations to inform theories of cognitive flexibility. In the present study, we set out to use a variety of methodologies employed so far in the literature for disentangling errors due to task-selection failure from errors due to task-execution failure. In three experiments, we assessed the capacity of each method to produce error categories that can be mapped as clearly as possible to the cognitive mechanism(s) underlying them using multinomial processing tree modelling. Subsequently, the distinction between task- and response-confusion errors was used to test their differential impact on inhibitory mechanisms in task switching as measured by N-2 repetition costs. Our results are encouraging regarding the possibility of correctly detecting response- and task-selection failures, thus allowing us to assess their differential impact on N-2 repetition costs.
Are chlorophyll concentrations and nitrogen across the vertical canopy profile affected by elevated CO2 in mature Quercus trees?
Authors: Gardner A. , Ellsworth D. S. , Pritchard J. , MacKenzie A. R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Key message
In mature Q. robur, chlorophyll varied with season and canopy height, whilst eCO2-driven changes were consistent with Marea, highlighting key factors for consideration when scaling photosynthetic processes and canopy N-use.
Nitrogen-rich chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments are important in photosynthetic functioning. Photosynthetic pigments have been found to decrease with elevated CO2 (eCO2), but few such studies have been done in aged forest trees. This study aimed to assess the effects of eCO2 (150 μmol mol−1 above ambient) and canopy position on chlorophyll content in mature Quercus robur (Q. robur). Over 5000 in situ chlorophyll absorbance measurements, alongside laboratory chlorophyll extractions, were collected on canopy-dominant Q. robur in the 3rd and 4th season of CO2 fumigation of a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) study in central England. Mass-based chlorophyll concentration (Chlmass, mg g−1) was significantly higher in the lower canopy compared to upper canopy foliage (P < 0.05). In contrast, significantly higher chlorophyll content (Chlarea, mg m−2) was observed in the upper canopy. ECO2 did not affect Chlmass but Chlarea significantly increased, attributable to increased leaf mass per unit area (Marea, g m−2). We found no effect of eCO2 on mass-based or area-based nitrogen (Nmass, mg g−1 or Narea g m−2); however, Narea significantly increased with canopy height, again attributable to Marea. The parallel relationships between Marea, Narea and Chlarea suggest the allocation of N to light harvesting is maintained with eCO2 exposure as well as in the upper canopy, and that increased photosynthetic mass may help regulate the eCO2 variation. An understanding of changes in the light-harvesting machinery with eCO2 will be useful to assess canopy processes and, at larger scales, changes in biogeochemical cycles in future climate scenarios.
A theory of autocratic transition by government leaders: prerequisites to self-enforcing democracy
Authors: Apolte Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the conditions of self-enforcing democracy by analyzing the recent wave of autocratic transitions. Based on a game-theoretic framework, we work out the conditions under which governments may induce the diverse public authorities to coordinate on extra-constitutional activities, eventually transforming the politico-institutional setting into one of autocratic rule. We find three empirically testable characteristics that promote this coordination process, namely: populism and public support, corruption, and a lack in the separation of powers. By contrast, low degrees of corruption and strongly separated powers can be viewed as prerequisites to self-enforcing democracy.
Clinical trials of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Howard Frederick M. , Pearson Alexander T. , Nanda Rita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Immunotherapy has started to transform the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part due to the unique immunogenicity of this breast cancer subtype. This review summarizes clinical studies of immunotherapy in advanced and early-stage TNBC.

Findings
Initial studies of checkpoint blockade monotherapy demonstrated occasional responses, especially in patients with untreated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive advanced TNBC, but failed to confirm a survival advantage over chemotherapy. Nonetheless, pembrolizumab monotherapy has tumor agnostic approval for microsatellite instability-high or high tumor mutational burden cancers, and thus can be considered for select patients with advanced TNBC. Combination chemoimmunotherapy approaches have been more successful, and pembrolizumab is approved for PD-L1 positive advanced TNBC in combination with chemotherapy. This success has been translated to the curative setting, where pembrolizumab is now approved in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk early-stage TNBC.

Conclusion
Immunotherapy has been a welcome addition to the growing armamentarium for TNBC, but responses remain limited to a subset of patients. Innovative strategies are under investigation in an attempt to induce immune responses in resistant tumors—with regimens incorporating small-molecule inhibitors, novel immune checkpoint targets, and intratumoral injections that directly alter the tumor microenvironment. As the focus shifts toward the use of immunotherapy for early-stage TNBC, it will be critical to identify those who derive the most benefit from treatment, given the potential for irreversible autoimmune toxicity and the lack of predictive accuracy of PD-L1 expression in the early-stage setting.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Through Collaborative Innovation: Evidence from Four European Initiatives
Authors: Mariani Laura , Trivellato Benedetta , Martini Mattia , Marafioti Elisabetta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role to be played by multi-stakeholder partnerships in addressing the ‘wicked problems’ of sustainable development is made explicit by the seventeenth Sustainable Development Goal. But how do these partnerships really work? Based on the analysis of four sustainability-oriented innovation initiatives implemented in Belgium, Italy, Germany, and France, this study explores the roles and mechanisms that collaborating actors may enact to facilitate the pursuit of sustainable development, with a particular focus on non-profit organizations. The results suggest that collaborative innovations for sustainability contribute simultaneously to the fulfilment of different Sustainable Development Goals, reaching beyond their original intent, and that the value being created has the potential to reinforce such roles and mechanisms. These partnerships are prompted and managed by non-profit organizations that act as metagovernors of collaborative innovation processes as they play the roles of cultural spreaders, enablers, relational brokers, service provides, and influencers. These findings will help policy-makers and practitioners in the public and non-profit sector to identify and utilize emerging opportunities for value creation through collaborative innovation, and to better design existing and prospective collaborative efforts aimed at sustainable objectives, thereby supporting progress towards the implementation of Agenda 2030.
Quantum Statistics of Identical Particles
Authors: Garrison J. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe empirical rule that systems of identical particles always obey either Bose or Fermi statistics is customarily imposed on the theory by adding it to the axioms of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, with the result that other statistical behaviors are excluded a priori. A more general approach is to ask what other many-particle statistics are consistent with the indistinguishability of identical particles. This strategy offers a way to discuss possible violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and it leads to some interesting issues related to preparation of states and a superselection rule arising from invariance under the permutation group.