bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetramethyl bisphenol A stimulates proliferation but inhibits fetal Leydig cell function in male rats by targeting estrogen receptor α after in utero exposure
Authors: Li Xueyun , Meng Fangyan , Ye Lei , Qiao Xinyi , Li Jingjing , Tian Lili , Su Ming , Lin Liben , Ge Ren‐shan , Wang Yiyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTetramethyl bisphenol A (TMBPA) is a widely used flame retardant. TMBPA has been a toxic to Leydig cells in puberty, but it remains unclear whether TMBPA has a similar inhibitor effect on fetal Leydig cells (FLCs). This study reported morphological and functional alterations of FLCs in the testes of male offspring at birth after in utero exposure to TMBPA. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were dosed via continuous gavage of TMBPA (0, 10, 50, and 200 mg/kg/day) from gestational day 14 to 21. TMBPA markedly raised serum total testosterone level, testicular volume, and FLC number of male offspring at 200 mg/kg dose. The up‐regulation of Insl3, Star, and Cyp11a1 mRNAs was observed after 200 mg/kg TMBPA exposure. After normalization to the number of FLCs, TMBPA significantly reduced Lhcgr and Hsd3b1 expressions at 10 mg/kg, and Cyp17a1 at 200 mg/kg paralleling with their protein levels. TMBPA compromised the expression of Esr1, while increased the expression of Cdk2 and Cdk4 as well as their protein levels. TMBPA particularly increased the phosphorylation of AKT1 and AKT2 at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, the present study suggests that TMBPA may promote FLC proliferation via ESR1‐CDK2/4‐AKT pathway, while inhibits the function of FLCs by reducing steroidogenic enzyme activity.
Veterinary students’ views on surgical entrustable professional activities and the impact of COVID‐19 on clinical competence development
Authors: Thompson Jamie‐Leigh , MacKay Jill , Blacklock Kelly Bowlt 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe primary purpose of this study was to understand veterinary students’ views on the described key surgical entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and to understand how COVID‐19 restrictions have impacted their clinical skill and competence development.MethodsFinal‐year veterinary students at a single institute completed a web‐based survey distributed by email. The survey aimed to characterise five constructs regarding EPAs, and a specific five‐point Likert‐like scale was created asking explicitly worded questions for each construct.ResultsOne hundred and ten students responded. The cohort agreed that the previously described key surgical EPAs were clinically important and relevant, but over 50% of the respondents felt that they had no substantial experience with them and were not confident or comfortable performing them. Additionally, most students (95%) felt their clinical development was negatively impacted by COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the key EPAs proposed are considered important skills by the undergraduate cohort described and that experience levels when entering the final year are lacking, potentially due to reduced exposure to clinical cases influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
[U(NH3)10]4+ Cations in Azide, Bromide, and Iodide Ammoniates and a Hydrolysis Product with an unprecedented [U(H2O)9]4+ Cation
Authors: Rudel Stefan S. , Deubner H. Lars , Müller Thomas G. , Graubner Tim , Ivlev Sergei I. , Kraus Florian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract[U(NH3)10]4+ cations with bicapped square‐antiprismatic coordination spheres were discovered in the compounds [U(NH3)10]I4 ⋅ 17.37NH3, [U(NH3)10]I4 ⋅ 9NH3, [U(NH3)10](N3)4 ⋅ 9NH3, “[U(NH3)10]Br4 ⋅ 9NH3”, and [U(NH3)10]Br4 ⋅ 8NH3 that resulted from reactions of the uranium halides UBr3, UBr4, UBr5, and UI4 with/in anhydrous liquid ammonia (aNH3). Ag+ cations acted as an oxidizing agent and converted U(III) to U(IV), while no oxidation of U(IV) was observed under the experimental conditions. The compound [UBr(H2O)8][U(H2O)9]Br7 ⋅ 2H2O was obtained by unintentional hydrolysis and allowed for the first unambiguous structural characterization of the nonaaquauranium(IV) complex cation [U(H2O)9]4+ by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Simplicial Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSimplicial sets form a very convenient tool to study the homotopy theory of topological spaces. In this chapter we will present an introduction to the theory of simplicial sets. We assume some basic acquaintance with the language of category theory, but no prior knowledge of simplicial sets on the side of the reader. We present the basic definitions and constructions, including the geometric realization of a simplicial set, the nerve of a category, and the description of the product of two simplicial sets in terms of shuffles.
Three Model Structures on the Category of Dendroidal Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we will construct several model structures on the category of dendroidal sets. For the different model structures, the fibrant objects and fibrations will be the different types of dendroidal Kan complexes and dendroidal fibrations introduced in Chapter 6. For example, we will construct the operadic model structure, for which the fibrant objects will be the ∞-operads and the fibrations between fibrant objects will be the J-fibrations, so that this model structures describes the homotopy theory of ∞-operads.
4d strings at strong coupling
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Wiesner Max 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Weakly coupled regions of 4d EFTs coupled to gravity are particularly suitable to describe the backreaction of BPS fundamental axionic strings, dubbed EFT strings, in a local patch of spacetime around their core. We study the extension of these local solutions to global ones, which implies probing regions of strong coupling and provides an estimate of the EFT string tension therein. We conjecture that for the EFT string charge generators such a global extension is always possible and yields a sub-Planckian tension. We substantiate this claim by analysing global solutions of 4d strings made up from NS5-branes wrapping Calabi-Yau threefold divisors in either type IIA or heterotic string theory. We argue that in this case the global, non-perturbative data of the backreaction can be simply encoded in terms of a GLSM describing the compactification, as we demonstrate in explicit examples.
General Reiteration Theorems for $${{\mathcal {R}}}$$ and $${{\mathcal {L}}}$$ Classes: Case of Right $${{\mathcal {R}}}$$-Spaces and Left $${{\mathcal {L}}}$$-Spaces
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Pedro , Signes Teresa M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven $$E_0, E_1, E, F$$

E
0

,

E
1

,
E
,
F

rearrangement invariant spaces, $$a, \mathrm {b}, \mathrm {b}_0, \mathrm {b}_1$$

a
,
b
,

b
0

,

b
1

slowly varying functions and $$0\le \theta _0<\theta _1\le 1$$

0
≤

θ
0

<

θ
1

≤
1

, we characterize the interpolation spaces $$\begin{aligned} ({\overline{X}}_{\theta _0,\mathrm {b}_0,E_0}, {\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}_{\theta _1, \mathrm {b}_1,E_1,a,F})_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E}\quad \text {and}\quad ({\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {L}}}_{\theta _0, \mathrm {b}_0,E_0,a,F}, {\overline{X}}_{\theta _1,\mathrm {b}_1,E_1})_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E}, \end{aligned}$$

(

X
¯

θ
0

,

b
0

,

E
0

,

X
¯

θ
1

,

b
1

,

E
1

,
a
,
F

R

)

θ
,
b
,
E

and

(

X
¯

θ
0

,

b
0

,

E
0

,
a
,
F

L

,

X
¯

θ
1

,

b
1

,

E
1

)

θ
,
b
,
E

,

for all possible values of $$\theta \in [0,1]$$

θ
∈
[
0
,
1
]

. Applications to interpolation identities for grand and small Lebesgue spaces, Gamma spaces and A and B-type spaces are given.
Primitive shape recognition from real-life scenes using the PointNet deep neural network
Authors: Zheng Senjing , Castellani Marco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn many industrial applications, it is possible to approximate the shape of mechanical parts with geometric primitives such as spheres, boxes, and cylinders. This information can be used to plan robotic grasping and manipulation procedures. The work presented in this paper investigated the use of the state-of-the-art PointNet deep neural network for primitive shape recognition in 3D scans of real-life objects. To obviate the need of collecting a large set of training models, it was decided to train PointNet using examples generated from artificial geometric models. The motivation of the study was the achievement of fully automated disassembly operations in remanufacturing applications. PointNet was chosen due to its suitability to process 3D models, and ability to recognise objects irrespective of their poses. The use of simpler shallow neural network procedures was also evaluated. Twenty-eight point cloud scenes of everyday objects selected from the popular Yale-CMU-Berkeley benchmark model set were used in the experiments. Experimental evidence showed that PointNet is able to generalise the knowledge gained on artificial shapes, to recognise shapes in ordinary objects with reasonable accuracy. However, the experiments showed some limitations in this ability of generalisation, in terms of average accuracy (78% circa) and consistency of the learning procedure. Using a feature extraction procedure, a multi-layer-perceptron architecture was able to achieve nearly 83% classification accuracy. A practical solution was proposed to improve PointNet generalisation capabilities: by training the neural network using an error-corrupted scene, its accuracy could be raised to nearly 86%, and the consistency of the learning results was visibly improved.
Engineering geomorphological and InSAR investigation of an urban landslide, Gisborne, New Zealand
Authors: Cook Matthew E. , Brook Martin S. , Hamling Ian J. , Cave Murry , Tunnicliffe Jon F. , Holley Rachel , Alama David J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The East Coast region of New Zealand has some of the highest erosion rates in the world, due to its proximity to an active plate boundary, susceptibility to high-intensity storms and steep terrain underlain by young soft sedimentary rock and soil. In the city of Gisborne, expansion of residential blocks into steeper terrain in peri-urban areas has required improved capacity for the characterisation and monitoring of slope stability. Landslides have affected several properties and have destroyed infrastructure. Slope failure commonly occurs during heavy rainfall events when slow-moving retrogressive slides transition into earthflows and mudflows. In this study, we used in situ sampling and testing methods combined with remote sensing techniques to provide an understanding of the pre-failure and post-failure behaviour of an urban landslide in Gisborne. High-resolution aerial imagery, unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and light detection and ranging data revealed slope morphology and contours of prehistoric failures in the area, and highlighted the more recent impacts of deforestation on slope stability. Furthermore, Sentinel-1 InSAR analysis determined that gradual deformation began in 2017, following two ex-tropical cyclone events. Deformation downslope continued until an initial failure in July 2020. Following that event, some parts of the slope proceeded to accelerate, leading to a further reactivation event in November 2021, following heavy rainfall. During this November 2021 event, average line of sight velocities ranged from −7.9 to −11.2 mm/year, and deformation rates in the vertical direction (related to rotational slumping) averaged −11.2 to −11.9 mm/year, consistent with field observations.
Causal heterogeneity discovery by bottom-up pattern search for personalised decision making
Authors: Li Jiuyong , Liu Lin , Zhang Shisheng , Ma Saisai , Le Thuc Duy , Liu Jixue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn personalised decision making, evidence is required to determine whether an action (treatment) is suitable for an individual. Such evidence can be obtained by modelling treatment effect heterogeneity in subgroups. The existing interpretable modelling methods take a top-down approach to search for subgroups with heterogeneous treatment effects and they may miss the most specific and relevant context for an individual. In this paper, we design a Treatment effect pattern (TEP) to represent treatment effect heterogeneity in data. To achieve an interpretable presentation of TEPs, we use a local causal structure around the outcome to explicitly show how those important variables are used in modelling. We also derive a formula for unbiasedly estimating the Conditional Average Causal Effect (CATE) using the local structure in our problem setting. In the discovery process, we aim at minimising heterogeneity within each subgroup represented by a pattern. We propose a bottom-up search algorithm to discover the most specific patterns fitting individual circumstances the best for personalised decision making. Experiments show that the proposed method models treatment effect heterogeneity better than three other existing tree based methods in synthetic and real world data sets.
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 deficiency inhibits drug-induced cell death in breast cancer cells: switch from cytochrome C-dependent apoptosis to necroptosis
Authors: McAleese Courtney E. , Butcher Neville J. , Minchin Rodney F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) deficiency has been associated with drug resistance and poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. The current study aimed to investigate drug resistance in vitro using normal breast cancer cell lines and NAT1-deficient cell lines to understand the changes induced by the lack of NAT1 that resulted in poor drug response.

Methods
The response to seven chemotherapeutic agents was quantified following NAT1 deletion using CRISPR-Cas 9 in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells. Apoptosis was monitored by annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Cytochrome C release and caspase 8 and 9 activities were measured by Western blots. Caspase 8 was inhibited using Z-IETD-FMK and necroptosis was inhibited using necrostatin and necrosulfonamide.

Results
Compared to parental cells, NAT1 depleted cells were resistant to drug treatment. This could be reversed following NAT1 rescue of the NAT1 deleted cells. Release of cytochrome C in response to treatment was decreased in the NAT1 depleted cells, suggesting suppression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, NAT1 knockout resulted in a decrease in caspase 8 activation. Treatment with necrosulfonamide showed that NAT1 deficient cells switched from intrinsic apoptosis to necroptosis when treated with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin.

Conclusions
NAT1 deficiency can switch cell death from apoptosis to necroptosis resulting in decreased response to cytotoxic drugs. The absence of NAT1 in patient tumours may be a useful biomarker for selecting alternative treatments in a subset of breast cancer patients.
Cross-Informant Compatibility of Depression Symptoms in Children: A Network Approach
Authors: Seneldir Ayse , Akirmak Umit , Halfon Sibel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUtilizing multiple informants to assess children’s depressive symptoms increases diagnostic accuracy, reliability, and validity of inferences. However, previous studies have found low to moderate agreement among informants. We applied network statistics to gain insight into children and their mothers’ differential perceptions of depressive symptoms. The sample included children and mother dyads (n = 185) who applied to psychotherapy services at an outpatient university clinic. Mothers filled out the Child Behavior Checklist, which includes a depression subscale, and children filled out the Children’s Depression Inventory. We computed association networks for thirteen depressive symptoms separately for children and mothers using the graphical LASSO. Sadness had the highest strength centrality in the networks of both children and mothers, but the pattern of connectivity and centrality of other symptoms differed. We discussed our findings within the framework of network theory.
Evaluating the distributional fairness of alternative adaptation policies: a case study in Vietnam’s upper Mekong Delta
Authors: Jafino Bramka Arga , Kwakkel Jan H. , Klijn Frans 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To support equitable adaptation planning, quantitative assessments should consider the fairness of the distribution of outcomes to different people. What constitutes a fair distribution, however, is a normative question. In this study, we explore the use of different moral principles drawn from theories of distributive justice to evaluate fairness. We use adaptation planning in Vietnam Mekong Delta as a case study. We evaluate the preference ranking of six alternative policies for seven moral principles across an ensemble of scenarios. Under the baseline scenario, each principle yields distinctive preference rankings, though most principles identify the same policy as the most preferred one. Across the ensemble of scenarios, the commonly used utilitarian principle yields the most stable ranking, while rankings from other principles are more sensitive to uncertainty. The sufficientarian and the envy-free principles yield the most distinctive ranking of policies, with a median ranking correlation of only 0.07 across all scenarios. Finally, we identify scenarios under which using these two principles results in reversed policy preference rankings. Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple moral principles in evaluating the fairness of adaptation policies, as this would reduce the possibility of maladaptation.
How to Choose a Gauge? The Case of Hamiltonian Electromagnetism
Authors: Gomes Henrique , Butterfield Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe develop some ideas about gauge symmetry in the context of Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism in the Hamiltonian formalism. One great benefit of this formalism is that it pairs momentum and configurational degrees of freedom, so that a decomposition of one side into subsets can be translated into a decomposition of the other. In the case of electromagnetism, this enables us to pair degrees of freedom of the electric field with degrees of freedom of the vector potential. Another benefit is that the formalism algorithmically identifies subsets of the equations of motion that represent time-dependent symmetries. For electromagnetism, these two benefits allow us to define gauge-fixing in parallel to special decompositions of the electric field. More specifically, we apply the Helmholtz decomposition theorem to split the electric field into its Coulombic and radiative parts, and show how this gives a special role to the Coulomb gauge (i.e. div$$(\mathbf{A}) = 0$$

(
A
)
=
0

). We relate this argument to Maudlin’s (Entropy, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060465) discussion, which advocated the Coulomb gauge.
A regularity result for shortest generalized billiard trajectories in convex bodies in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$
Authors: Rudolf Daniel , Krupp Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study length-minimizing closed generalized Euclidean billiard trajectories in convex bodies in$$\mathbb {R}^n$$Rnand investigate their relation to the inclusion minimal affine sections that contain these trajectories. We show that when passing to these sections, the length-minimizing closed billiard trajectories are still billiard trajectories, but their length-minimality as well as their regularity can be destroyed. In light of this, we prove what weaker regularity is actually preserved under passing to these sections. Based on the results, we develop an algorithm in order to calculate length-minimizing closed regular billiard trajectories in convex polytopes in$$\mathbb {R}^n$$Rn.
Temperature-dependent electrowetting behavior on Teflon AF1600
Authors: Xiang Yijie , Fulmek Paul , Platz Daniel , Schmid Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the growing application field of electrowetting (EW), reliable control of the wetting behavior by an applied voltage is required over a wide temperature range. Despite the rising interest of EW, only few data are reported in the literature on the EW behavior as a function of temperature. In this paper, we investigate the quasi-static EW response on one of the most widely used hydrophobic materials, Teflon AF1600, in a temperature range from 25 to 70$$\,^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$

∘

C

. The contact angle versus voltage is analyzed to illustrate the EW behavior. The results are in good agreement with the friction-adsorption model, which explains the contact angle (CA) hysteresis by a temperature-independent friction-like force and a temperature-dependent contribution of liquid adsorption onto a dielectric surface. The EW-CAs show a small asymmetry with respect to the polarity of the applied voltage, which might be due to the temporary and reversible charge trapping on the dielectric layer. The results underline that the different effects of the temperature-independent friction force and the temperature-dependent adsorption need to be taken into account to predict and control the CA in any EW-based application scenario.

Graphical abstract
On the robustness of randomized classifiers to adversarial examples
Authors: Pinot Rafael , Meunier Laurent , Yger Florian , Gouy-Pailler Cédric , Chevaleyre Yann , Atif Jamal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the theory of robustness against adversarial attacks. We focus on randomized classifiers (i.e. classifiers that output random variables) and provide a thorough analysis of their behavior through the lens of statistical learning theory and information theory. To this aim, we introduce a new notion of robustness for randomized classifiers, enforcing local Lipschitzness using probability metrics. Equipped with this definition, we make two new contributions. The first one consists in devising a new upper bound on the adversarial generalization gap of randomized classifiers. More precisely, we devise bounds on the generalization gap and the adversarial gap i.e. the gap between the risk and the worst-case risk under attack) of randomized classifiers. The second contribution presents a yet simple but efficient noise injection method to design robust randomized classifiers. We show that our results are applicable to a wide range of machine learning models under mild hypotheses. We further corroborate our findings with experimental results using deep neural networks on standard image datasets, namely CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. On these tasks, we manage to design robust models that simultaneously achieve state-of-the-art accuracy (over 0.82 clean accuracy on CIFAR-10) and enjoy guaranteed robust accuracy bounds (0.45 against $$\ell _{2}$$

ℓ
2

adversaries with magnitude 0.5 on CIFAR-10).
Credit risk assessment and executives’ legal expertise
Authors: Pham Mia Hang , Merkoulova Yulia , Veld Chris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study whether firms that are led by chief executive officers (CEOs) with law degrees (lawyer CEOs) have different credit ratings and costs of debt from other firms. Our sample consists of Standard & Poor’s 1500 firms from 1992 to 2020, 9.2% of which have lawyer CEOs. We find that these firms have better credit ratings, compared to other firms. On average, their cost of debt is 10% lower than that of firms led by CEOs without legal backgrounds. Our results are robust to different specifications, sampling methods, and controls, such as firm and CEO characteristics. We identify two ways that CEO expertise translates into higher credit ratings: lawyer CEOs are associated with a lower future volatility of stock returns and a reduction in information risk. The decreased business risk and better financial reporting are associated with 5% lower auditing fees for firms with lawyer CEOs.