bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing and promoting data management and systematic monitoring for an improved HIV/AIDS programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Dereje , Zemenfeskudus Samuel , Endale Mulugeta , Zeidan Mohammed , Getachew Daniel , Woldemichael Dejene , Wesene Aklilu S. , Teklebirhan Esayas , Eyayu Fitsum , Zewdie Raey , Yirga Daniel , Amdino Worknesh , Melaku Zenebe , Abayneh Sisay A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment findings showed that in Addis Ababa, only 65.2% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their status. We present the enhanced HIV/AIDS data management and systematic monitoring experience in Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau (AACAHB).

Methods
AACAHB established a command-post with leadership and technical team members from the health bureau, 10 sub-city health offices, and non-governmental stakeholders. The command-post improved governance, standardized HIV program implementation, and established accountability mechanism. A web-based database was established at each health facility, sub-city, and AACAHB level. Performance was scored (green, ≥75%; yellow, 50–74%; red, < 50%). The command-post reviewed performance on weekly basis. A mentorship team provided a weekly site-level support at underperforming public and private health facilities. At facility level, quality of data on recording tools such as registers, and individual medical records were maintained through continued review, feedback mechanisms and regular consistency check of data. Percentage and 95% confidence interval were computed to compare the improvement in program performance over time.

Results
After 6 months of intervention period, the monthly New HIV case finding in 47 health facilities increased from 422 to 734 (1.7 times) and treatment initiation increased from 302 to 616 (2 times). After 6 months, the aggregate scoring for HIV testing at city level improved from yellow to green, HIV case finding improved from red to green, and treatment initiation improved from red to yellow. An increasing trend was noted in HIV positive case finding with statistically significant improvement from 43.4% [95% Confidence Interval: 40.23–46.59%] in May 2019 to 74.9% [95% Confidence Interval: 72.03–77.6%] in September 2019. Similarly, significant improvement was recorded for new HIV treatment from 30.9% [95% Confidence Interval: 28.01–33.94%] in May 2019 to 62.5% [95% Confidence Interval: 59.38–65.6%] in September 2019.

Conclusions
Regular data driven HIV program review was institutionalized at city, sub-city and health facility levels which further improved HIV program monitoring and performance. The performance of HIV case finding and treatment initiation improved significantly via using intensified monitoring, data driven performance review, targeted site-level support based on the gap, and standardized approaches.
The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Poh Luting , Sim Wei Liang , Jo Dong-Gyu , Dinh Quynh Nhu , Drummond Grant R. , Sobey Christopher G. , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Lai Mitchell K. P. , Fann David Y. , Arumugam Thiruma V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
Changes in pallidal neural activity following long-term symptom improvement from botulinum toxin treatment in DYT6 dystonia: a case report
Authors: Giorni Andrea , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter A. , Mellick George D. , Sah Pankaj , Windels François 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The globus pallidus internus is the main target for the treatment of dystonia by deep brain stimulation. Unfortunately, for some genetic etiologies, the therapeutic outcome of dystonia is less predictable. In particular, therapeutic outcomes for deep brain stimulation in craniocervical and orolaryngeal dystonia in DYT6-positive patients are poor. Little is known about the neurophysiology of the globus pallidus internus in DYT6-positive dystonia, and how symptomatic treatment affects the neural activity of this region.

Case presentation
We present here the case of a 55-year-old Caucasian female DYT6-dystonic patient with blepharospasm, spasmodic dysphonia, and oromandibular dystonia where single-unit and local field potential activity was recorded from the globus pallidus internus during two deep brain stimulation revision surgeries 4 years apart with no symptomatic improvement. Botulinum toxin injections consistently improved dysphonia, while some of the other symptoms were only inconsistently or marginally improved. Neural activity in the globus pallidus internus during both revision surgeries were compared with previously published results from an idiopathic dystonic cohort. Single-cell firing characteristics and local field potential from the first revision surgery showed no differences with our control group. However, during the second revision surgery, the mean firing rate of single units and local field potential power in the gamma range were lower than those present during the first revision surgery or the control group.

Conclusions
Symptoms related to facial movements were greatly improved by botulinum toxin treatment between revision surgeries, which coincided with lower discharge rate and changes in gamma local field oscillations.
Recurring outbreaks by the same Escherichia coli ST10 clone in a broiler unit during 18 months
Authors: Bojesen Anders Miki , Ahmed Umran , Skaarup Hanne , Espinosa-Gongora Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current investigation aimed at characterizing the cause of multiple disease outbreaks in the same broiler production unit during a course of 18 months. The outbreaks had mortality rates of up to 22%. Escherichia coli was diagnosed as the responsible agent. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis showed that all chicken isolates had identical band patterns. Core genome comparisons demonstrated that the 36 chicken isolates differed with maximum of nine nucleotides indicating that the same E. coli clone was responsible for all seven disease outbreaks despite adherence to the all-in-all production principle and rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures.
The impact of COVID-19 on consumers' eating and purchasing habits of agricultural products in China: key determinants and policy implications
Authors: Udimal Thomas Bilaliib , Peng Zhiyuan , Luo Mingcan , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The study looks at a changed in consumer’s eating and purchasing habits during COVID-19 period. There are several modes of transmission but transmission through food as being speculated is one area that has not been confirmed through research. The study, therefore, looks at how speculations about COVID-19 spreading through food has affected consumers' eating and purchasing habits. This study through probit model analysed how consumers' eating and purchasing habits have been influenced.

Results
The result shows that age, gender and education have negatively influenced consumer’s eating and purchasing habits during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period. The preference for imported food items, preference for frozen food, been infected or knowing someone who has been infected by the virus, and been infected through agricultural source or knowing someone who has been infected by the COVID-19 through agricultural source have negatively affected consumers' eating and purchasing habits compared to pre-pandemic period. The result, however, suggests that consumers who trust in the cold-chain food systems ability to limit the spread of the COVID-19 still maintain a positive eating and purchasing habits.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on consumer’s eating and purchasing habits. Therefore, there is the need to institute proper sanitary measures, especially at cold-chain food systems to help curb the spread and also boost consumers’ confidence.
Gut microbiota and age shape susceptibility to clostridial enteritis in lorikeets under human care
Authors: Minich David , Madden Christopher , Navarro Mauricio A. , Glowacki Leo , French-Kim Kristen , Chan Willow , Evans Morgan V. , Soares Kilmer , Mrofchak Ryan , Madan Rushil , Ballash Gregory A. , LaPerle Krista , Paul Subhadeep , Vodovotz Yael , Uzal Francisco A. , Martinez Margaret , Hausmann Jennifer , Junge Randall E. , Hale Vanessa L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in lorikeets that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this study, we examine gut microbiota in two lorikeet flocks with enteritis (Columbus Zoo and Aquarium—CZA; Denver Zoo—DZ). Since 2012, the CZA flock has experienced repeated outbreaks of enteritis despite extensive diet, husbandry, and clinical modifications. In 2018, both CZA and DZ observed a spike in enteritis. Recent research has revealed that the gut microbiota can influence susceptibility to enteropathogens. We hypothesized that a dysbiosis, or alteration in the gut microbial community, was making some lorikeets more susceptible to enteritis, and our goal was to characterize this dysbiosis and determine the features that predicted susceptibility.ResultsWe employed 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the cloacal microbiota in lorikeets (CZA n = 67, DZ n = 24) over time. We compared the microbiota of healthy lorikeets, to lorikeets with enteritis, and lorikeets susceptible to enteritis, with “susceptible” being defined as healthy birds that subsequently developed enteritis. Based on sequencing data, culture, and toxin gene detection in intestinal contents, we identified Clostridium perfringenstype A (CZA and DZ) andC. colinum (CZA only) at increased relative abundances in birds with enteritis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry further identified the presence of gram-positive bacilli andC. perfringens,respectively, in the necrotizing intestinal lesions. Finally, using Random Forests and LASSO models, we identified several features (young age and the presence ofRhodococcus fasciansandPseudomonas umsongensis) associated with susceptibility to clostridial enteritis.ConclusionsWe identifiedC. perfringenstype A andC. colinumassociated with lorikeet necrohemorrhagic enteritis at CZA and DZ. Susceptibility testing of isolates lead to an updated clinical treatment plan which ultimately resolved the outbreaks at both institutions. This work provides a foundation for understanding gut microbiota features that are permissive to clostridial colonization and host factors (e.g. age, prior infection) that shape responses to infection.
Sex-specific Effect of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Trajectories on Preschoolers’ Behavioral Development: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Li Peixuan , Teng Yuzhu , Ru Xue , Liu Zijian , Han Yan , Tao Fangbiao , Huang Kun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories are a better predictor of offspring’s neurodevelopment than hormone levels in single trimester of pregnancy. Programming effect of uterine hormonal environment on offspring’s health is usually sex-specific.

Objective
To examine the sex-specific effect of thyroid hormone trajectories on preschoolers’ behavioral development.

Design
Based on Ma’ anshan Birth Cohort in China, pregnant women were recruited at their first antenatal checkup from May 2013 to September 2014.

Setting
Ma’ anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in China.

Patients or Other Participants
1860 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Children were followed up at age of 4.

Main Outcome Measures
Maternal thyroid hormones [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] and thyroid peroxidase antibody in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy were retrospectively assayed. Preschoolers’ behavioral development was assessed by Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist/1.5~5.

Results
Maternal TSH and FT4 levels were respectively fitted into high, moderate, and low trajectories. In boys, maternal high TSH trajectory was related to withdrawn [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.50) and externalizing problems (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.92), and moderate TSH trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.16, 12.23). Maternal high FT4 trajectory was associated with anxious/depressed (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.56) and total problems (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.66), and low FT4 trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.22, 14.24).

Conclusions
Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories impact preschool boys’ behavioral development.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Authors: Jurado-Flores Marilu , Warda Firas , Mooradian Arshag 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a cardinal role in the development of the central nervous system during embryogenesis and early infancy. However, the TH-responsive genes in the developing brain cease to respond to TH in adulthood. Nevertheless, thyroid dysfunction in adults is commonly associated with a host of cognitive and psychiatric problems. Cognitive decline, dysphoria, and depression are common manifestations of overt hypothyroidism while hyperthyroidism can cause agitation, acute psychosis, and apathy, especially in older people. Whereas levothyroxine treatment can reverse dementia in the setting of hypothyroidism, the effect of levothyroxine on depressive symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial. The use of supraphysiologic doses of TH to treat depression refractory to antidepressant remains a viable therapeutic tool with the caveat that excessive doses of thyroid hormone to treat depression may have potentially damaging effects on other organ systems. The present communication describes the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease, including changes in neurotransmission, alterations in neuronal or glial cell gene expression, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, and occasionally cerebral inflammatory disease in the context of autoimmune thyroid disease. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of TH effect on cerebral tissue will help identify novel therapeutic targets for managing people with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Circulating Tumor Cell Transcriptomics as Biopsy Surrogates in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ring Alexander , Campo Daniel , Porras Tania B. , Kaur Pushpinder , Forte Victoria A. , Tripathy Debu , Lu Janice , Kang Irene , Press Michael F. , Jeong Young Ju , Snow Anson , Zhu Yue , Zada Gabriel , Wagle Naveed , Lang Julie E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) leading to macrometastases are inherently different than primary breast cancer. We evaluated whether whole transcriptome RNA-Seq of CTCs isolated via an epitope-independent approach may serve as a surrogate for biopsies of macrometastases.

Methods
We performed RNA-Seq on fresh metastatic tumor biopsies, CTCs, and peripheral blood (PB) from 19 newly diagnosed MBC patients. CTCs were harvested using the ANGLE Parsortix microfluidics system to isolate cells based on size and deformability, independent of a priori knowledge of cell surface marker expression.

Results
Gene expression separated CTCs, metastatic biopsies, and PB into distinct groups despite heterogeneity between patients and sample types. CTCs showed higher expression of immune oncology targets compared with corresponding metastases and PB. Predictive biomarker (n = 64) expression was highly concordant for CTCs and metastases. Repeat observation data post-treatment demonstrated changes in the activation of different biological pathways. Somatic single nucleotide variant analysis showed increasing mutational complexity over time.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that RNA-Seq of CTCs could serve as a surrogate biomarker for breast cancer macrometastasis and yield clinically relevant insights into disease biology and clinically actionable targets.
An Analysis of Translation Shift of Adjective Phrases in the Subtitle of 2019 Movie “Jumanji: The Next Level”
Authors: Aryanti Mutia , Purwaningsih Dyah Raina , Handoyo Raden Pujo 
Published: January 2022

The research aims to identify the translation shift and describe the equivalence of adjective phrases found in the Jumanji: The Next Level movie and its subtitling. To get the analysis result, translation shift proposed by Catford (1965) and degree of equivalence proposed by Bell (1991) are used in this research. The research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data and total sampling technique. The data of this research are 104 English adjective phrases taken from Jumanji: The Next Level movie and their subtitles in Indonesia that is translated by Pein Akatsuki. The results of this research for the types of translation shift are 2 level shift, 59 structure shift, 19 class shift, 22 unit shift, and 2 intra system shift. Meanwhile, the result for the equivalence are 64 complete meaning, 3 increased meaning, 26 decreased meaning, and 11 non equivalent meaning in the category of different meaning. This current research explores adjective phrase that has not been much discussed by other scholars.
The Use of American and British Lexis in Brunei English
Authors: Nur Raihan Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

In pronunciation, influenced by American English, a shift in Brunei English can be observed in the increasing use of [r] in tokens such as car and heard particularly among younger speakers whose pronunciation may be influenced by American English. In contrast, older speakers tend to omit the [r] sound in these tokens as their pronunciation may be more influenced by British English. However, it is unclear whether American English has influenced the vocabulary of Brunei English speakers as the education system in Brunei favours British English due to its historical ties with Britain. This paper analyses the use of American and British lexical items between three age groups: 20 in-service teachers aged between 29 to 35 years old, 20 university undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years old, and 20 secondary school students who are within the 11 to 15 age range. Each age group has 10 female and 10 male participants and they were asked to name seven objects shown to them on Power point slides. Their responses were recorded and compared between the age groups and between female and male data. The analysis is supplemented with recorded data from interviews with all 60 participants to determine instances of American and British lexical items in casual speech. It was found that there is a higher occurrence of American than British lexical items in all three groups and the interview data supports the findings in the main data. Thus, providing further evidence for the Americanisation of Brunei English and that Brunei English is undergoing change.
Motivação para coprodução do bem público: proposta de uma escala
Authors: Bezerra Joacil Carlos Viana , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo , Júnior Antonio Gouveia 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo da pesquisa: O presente estudo teve como objetivo a construção de uma escala para mensurar os aspectos que motivam o cidadão a participar na coprodução do bem público (CBP), por meio das organizações da sociedade civil (OSC).
Enquadramento teórico: A pesquisa utiliza como base teórica diversas lentes da coprodução, porém com enfoque na prestação de serviços públicos. Utiliza, ainda, a literatura sobre construção e validação de escalas.
Metodologia: O estudo percorreu etapas exploratórias e descritivas. A fase exploratória envolveu uma revisão integrativa da literatura e geração de itens. A fase descritiva detalhou os procedimentos utilizados para construção e validação da escala. Os dados foram analisados por meio software SPSS25® e R (pacote lavaan).
Resultados: A escala é composta por 4 dimensões e 12 itens, sendo gerada a partir de 174 questionários. Os resultados apontam, entre outras coisas: o cidadão acredita que sua participação na CBP melhora os serviços ofertados à sociedade; ele está mais disposto a coproduzir em atividades que beneficiam à comunidade onde reside; e participam porque veem outras pessoas participando.
Originalidade: O instrumento desenvolvido é capaz de facilitar a implementação do processo de coprodução, por refletir aspectos motivacionais do cidadão e apontar que não há um modelo ou formato único para as diferentes formas de coprodução. O estudo avança na literatura da CBP ao tentar responder o seguinte questionamento: O que motiva o cidadão a participar na CBP por meio das OSC? O esforço realizado na pesquisa ajudará tanto gestores públicos e sociais, bem como estudiosos do tema, a construírem repostas para a indagação.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Além de buscar preencher uma lacuna da literatura, a escala pode ser útil a gestores públicos e de OSC que pretendem implementar uma gestão baseada na CBP e pode informar sobre estratégias de incentivos utilizadas para aumentar a participação dos cidadãos na prestação de serviços públicos.
Indicador de Valor público para melhor compreensação da Accountability
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Andreia , Amaral Hudson Fernandes , Castro Silva Wendel Alex 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Propor um indicador de valor público, analisar se há aderência em relação ao valor público gerado, o ranqueamento da Escala Brasileira de Transparência (EBT-360) e o orçamento participativo para atender melhor a accountability.
Enquadramento teórico: O estudo aborda o valor público e sua pluralidade, bem com a várias tipologias da accountability.
Metodologia: Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, quantitativa, tendo como unidade de análise e observação os 608 municípios brasileiros acima de 50 mil habitantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma estatística descritiva multivariada e com o auxílio do método PLS, realizou-se modelagem de equação estrutural. A escolha das variáveis pautou-se na CF/88, no UNPSA, nos SDGs e no PNDU.
Resultados: Os constructos saúde, educação, desigualdade social e pobreza, trabalho, condições habitacionais e saneamento básico, vulnerabilidade e segurança, foram explicados por 92 variáveis que apresentaram impactos significativos e diretos para estruturar o indicador valor público (p-valor ? 0,05). Diante do modelo estruturado, quanto maiores os itens educação, vulnerabilidade, trabalho, saúde e condições habitacionais e saneamento básico maior será a geração de valor público. Pode-se observar correlação entre EBT_360, orçamento participativo e valor público.
Originialidade: O desenvolvimento de uma métrica para se medir valor público buscou contribuir para o melhor entendimento que do seja a geração de valor no setor público e preencher uma lacuna existente na literatura.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Diante dos múltiplos entendimentos do que seja valor público e accountability, a pesquisa buscou definir uma conceituação diante da entrega de bens e serviços pelos gestores públicos e como estes podem avaliar melhor sua gestão.