bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood hazard assessment and mapping using GIS integrated with multi-criteria decision analysis in upper Awash River basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Yonas Gebresilasie , Andualem Tesfa Gebrie , Yibeltal Mesenbet , Mengie Mequanent Abathun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFloods have destroyed people’s lives as well as social and environmental assets. Flooding is becoming more severe and frequent as a result of climate change and an increase in human-induced land-use changes, which puts pressure on river channels and causes changes in river morphology. The study was aimed to assess flood danger and map inundation areas in Ethiopia’s Teji watershed, which is prone to flooding. The basic flood-producing factors in this study were derived from soil, slope, elevation, drainage-density and land use land cover data. The opinions of public institutions and expert decisions were gathered to determine the weight of the factors in the analytic hierarchy process. The collected data were processed using the ArcGIS environment and the analytic hierarchy method to produce a flood danger map. According to the findings of this study, approximately 43.28 and 13.09% of the area were vulnerable to high and very high flood risk zones, respectively. As a result, flood prediction, early warning and management practices could be implemented on a regular and sustainable basis.
The Effects of Defensive Medicine in Physician–Patient Dynamics: An Agent-Based Approach
Authors: Delpini Danilo , Russu Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe analyze different scenarios of defensive medicine in a novel framework based on game theory and network analysis, where links in the network represent healing relationships between a physician and a patient. The physician should choose between providing the optimal treatment or an inferior one, which can amount to practicing defensive medicine. The patient should choose whether to litigate or not if an adverse event occurs. A major result of such analysis is that the steady state does not depend on the litigiousness of the initial system or the initial distribution of strategies among physicians or the distribution of patients over physicians. Moreover, reaching a virtuous steady state or an entirely defensive one appears to be independent of the fact that patients take into account the quality of treatments directly or they rely merely on popularity when choosing their physicians.
Chloroplast genome of the invasive Pyrus calleryana underscores the high molecular diversity of the species
Authors: Nowicki Marcin , Huff Matthew L. , Staton Margaret E. , Trigiano Robert N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe complete chloroplast genome of Pyrus calleryana (GenBank OM541581.1) was developed by de novo assembly from whole-genome sequencing data. Reference-guided (P. phaeocarpa) read mapping and assembly were followed by annotation and phylogenetic comparisons. The 159,965 bp P. calleryana chloroplast genome represented 36.56% GC content with a classical quadripartite architecture and two inverted repeats regions (IRs; each 26,392 bp) separating the large single-copy region (LSC; 87,942 bp) and the small single-copy region (SSC; 19.239 bp). In total, 125 unique features were annotated in that genome, including 83 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA coding genes, and 4 rRNA coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole chloroplast genome sequences placed the P. calleryana among other Rosaceae plants, specifically among the Asian species of Pyrus.
Design Charts for Geogrid-Reinforced Granular Working Platform for Heavy Tracked Plants over Clay Subgrade
Authors: Chua Boon Tiong , Abuel-Naga Hossam , Nepal Kali Prasad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the bearing capacity of a geogrid-reinforced granular working platform for heavy tracked plants on clay subgrade using a 2D plane strain finite element method. It substantially extends a case study investigated by incorporating wider soil parameters, depth-to-width ratios and geogrid stiffness modulus. The developed models are first verified by comparing them with the published literature and found to be in good agreement. The parametric modelling results are then used to develop a comprehensive set of design charts with non-dimensional parameters, bearing capacity ratio verses shear strength ratio, so that they can be directly used by practitioners. With the help of a design example, minimum design thickness of the granular working platform is compared and benchmarked with other established design methods. The results show that the proposed design charts and methods are comparable and provide reasonable predictions for the bearing capacity and working platform design thicknesses. A design example shows that thickness of the geogrid-reinforced granular base could be reduced from 1.2 to 55.6% for different geogrid strengths whereas the reduction is very nominal for soft geogrids ranging from only 1.2 to 3.0%.
Influence of peritoneal dialysis catheter type on dislocations and laxative use: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sabiu Gianmarco , Heidempergher Marco , De Salvo Cristina , Orani Maria Antonietta , Tricella Chiara , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal type of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter. Although few studies showed that weighted catheters result in lower complication rates and superior long-term outcomes than non-weighted catheters, there are no studies on the use of laxatives linked to catheter malfunction, a patient-related outcome potentially affecting the quality of life. Thus, we compared the burden of acute and chronic laxative use in a cohort of PD patients having either weighted or non-weighted catheters.

Methods
We performed a single-center, retrospective, observational study in two renal units, comparing acute and chronic laxative therapy related to catheter drainage failure in a cohort of 74 PD patient,s divided by peritoneal dialysis catheter type. In addition, we evaluated the number of patients who experienced minor and major dislocations, catheter-related infection rate, hospitalization for catheter malfunctioning, episodes of catheter repositioning, and dropout from PD.

Results
Laxative use was significantly more common among patients in the non-weighted catheter group (acute: 30.3% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.03; chronic: 36.4% vs. 12.2%; p≤0.02). Furthermore, weighted catheters were superior to non-weighted catheters for all the secondary outcomes (dislocations: 12.2% vs. 45.5%; p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Weighted self-locating catheters have lower drainage failure, thus reducing the need and burden of acute and chronic laxative use among PD patients.

Graphical abstract
Are universal ethics necessary? And possible? A systematic theory of universal ethics and a code for global moral education
Authors: Winkler Enno A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the political, philosophical, societal, legal, educational, biological, psychological and technological reasons why there is an urgent need for basic intercultural and interfaith ethics in the world and whether it is possible to formulate a valid code of such ethics. It is shown that universal ethics could be founded on natural law, which can be understood in both religious and secular ways. Alternatively, universal ethics could be based on a single supreme principle that is independent of worldview and culture: human dignity. In accordance with these concepts, a minimalist and normative code of essential, self-evident universal ethical principles and norms is proposed. The implementation of universal ethics in society is a long-term political task that could be achieved by including universal ethics in the compulsory school curriculum of all countries and in the UNESCO agenda of Global Citizen Education.
Urinary catheterization management after vaginal prolapse surgery: A national survey among Chinese urogynecologists and nurses
Authors: Chen Yiqian , Liang Yi , Li Xiaodan , Sun Xiuli , Wang Jianliu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrinary catheterization after vaginal prolapse surgery can cause inconvenience for patients, elevate the risk of urinary tract infections, and potentially prolong the hospitalization. In China, there is no consensus on the optimal time to remove the urinary catheter after vaginal prolapse surgery. Thus, it will be valuable to gain insight into the nationwide catheterization management after the vaginal prolapse surgery.MethodsFrom March to May 2020, an online questionnaire was shared and purposive non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit the participants. The urogynecologists currently performing vaginal prolapse surgery and involved nurses were included in this study.Results1363 urogynecologists and 436 nurses responded and 99.5% of them reported using transurethral indwelling catheters (TIC) for post-operative bladder drainage in their practices. The duration of initial catheterization after vaginal prolapse surgery was generally 1–7 days, with a median duration of 3 days for anterior colporrhaphy (AC) and anterior & posterior colporrhaphy (APC), and 2 days for other procedures. For the same type of surgery, the median duration of catheterization varied by region. For AC, it was shorter by 1 day in West China and South China (P ​< ​0.001); for PC, it was 2 days in most regions, while 1 day in East China (P ​< ​0.05); and for APC, it was 3 days in most regions, while 4 days in Northeast China (P ​< ​0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in duration of catheterization in hospital levels.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that duration of catheterization after prolapse surgery varied greatly in China, potentially resulting in unnecessary prolonging of catheterization. Well-designed studies are urgently needed to optimize catheterization management after vaginal prolapse surgery in China.
An experimental investigation of turbulent free-surface flows over a steep permeable bed
Authors: Rousseau G. , Ancey C. 
Published: May 2022

Steep streams involve shallow, supercritical turbulent flows over a permeable bed made up of coarse particles. They usually exhibit higher flow resistance and stronger mass and momentum exchanges between the stream and subsurface flow than low-gradient streams. Describing their flow dynamics using generalised Manning–Strickler equations has led to empirical relationships with weak predictive power (errors between predictions and data of over one order of magnitude). We studied shallow turbulent flows by employing a mesoscopic approach based on the double-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. More specifically, we were concerned with the possibility of modelling the turbulent and dispersive shear stress equations using simple algebraic equations. To that end, we studied shallow, supercritical turbulent flows over a sloping bed made up of randomly packed spherical particles. Using visualisation techniques based on particle velocimetry imaging and refractive index matched scanning, we were able to reconstruct the velocity field throughout the bed and stream, far from the sidewalls, and estimate the contributions of the dispersive and turbulent shear stresses to the total shear stress. The dispersive shear stress represented less than 20 % of the turbulent shear stress, but because it was concentrated within a thin layer (called the roughness layer) where it outweighed the turbulent shear stress, it had a significant influence on the mean velocity profile. We proposed an algebraic closure equation for dispersive shear stress, based on the mixing-length model used for turbulent shear stress, and we found that it captured closely the mean-velocity and turbulence-intensity profiles of shallow flows over horizontal or sloping permeable beds. Our data suggest that flow dynamics was affected largely by turbulence damping, drag forces and dispersion within the roughness layer, which may explain why steep streams differ from low-gradient streams.
Associations of dietary patterns and pre-eclampsia: a matched case–control study
Authors: Zhu Yongjian , Liu Yanhua , Fu Wenjun , Zeng Fangfang , Cao Yuan , Dou Weifeng , Duan Dandan , Chen Yuming , Lyu Quanjun , Zhao Xianlan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of dietary patterns on prevalent pre-eclampsia in Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and the odds of pre-eclampsia among Chinese pregnant women. A 1:1 age- and gestational week-matched case–control study was conducted between March 2016 and February 2019. A total of 440 pairs of pre-eclampsia cases and healthy controls were included. Dietary intakes were assessed by a seventy-nine-item FFQ and subsequently grouped into twenty-eight distinct groups. Factor analysis using the principal component method was adopted to derive the dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyse the associations of dietary patterns with prevalent pre-eclampsia. We identified four distinct dietary patterns: high fruit-vegetable, high protein, high fat-grain and high salt-sugar. We found that high fruit-vegetable dietary pattern (quartile (Q)4v. Q1, OR 0·71, 95 % CI 0·55, 0·92,Ptrend= 0·013) and high protein dietary pattern (Q4v. Q1, OR 0·72, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·95,Ptrend= 0·011) were associated with a decreased odds of pre-eclampsia in Chinese pregnant women. Whereas high fat-grain dietary pattern showed a U-shaped association with pre-eclampsia, the lowest OR was observed in the third quartile (Q3v. Q1, OR 0·75, 95 % CI 0·57, 0·98,Ptrend= 0·111). No significant association was observed for high salt-sugar dietary pattern. In conclusion, pregnancy dietary pattern characterised by high fruit-vegetable or high protein was found to be associated with a reduced odds of pre-eclampsia in Chinese pregnant women.
Interspecies politics and the global rat: Ecology, extermination, experiment
Authors: Youatt Rafi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRats tend to thrive wherever humans do. In recent centuries, the growth of human populations around the planet has meant the growth of a nearly equivalent global population of rats, particularly in cities, where they thrive on trash, food scraps, and infrastructure, and widely stymie human efforts to get rid of them. This forced coexistence has inspired a wide range of human responses, ranging from revulsion and extermination efforts as vermin, to religious veneration and use as experimental lab animals. At the same time, the political figure of the rat has played a constitutive role in violence and experimentation against human populations who are deemed as rat-like. To understand these linked dynamics, the article frames the idea of interspecies internationality, against both Anthropocene and geopolitical readings of the planetary condition. It then elaborates three axes around which rat assemblages have been formed – exterminative, experimental, and ecological. The article concludes by arguing that the rat, as interspecies figure of politics and as living creature, allows us to understand important dynamics around the generation of disposable life, political difference, and conditions of coexistence, in ways that are critical to the entwined politics of life on the planet.
The applicability of international humanitarian law to acts of violence perpetrated by unidentified armed individuals in the Sahel: The case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Kienou Sanwé Médard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBurkina Faso has suffered attacks most often attributed to unidentified armed individuals. These attacks occur in an area which is under the influence of terrorist groups as well as criminal groups. Instability does not stem from a prior armed conflict, but from a continuous deterioration resulting from unclaimed attacks. The challenge then is to know whether international humanitarian law (IHL) can apply in a context where the perpetrators of violence are not identified. This requires visiting the conditions of applicability of IHL in non-international armed conflict to assess their relevance in a context of production of violence without identification of the perpetrators.
Focus of the IPCC Assessment Reports Has Shifted to Lower Temperatures
Authors: Jehn Florian U. , Kemp Luke , Ilin Ekaterina , Funk Christoph , Wang Jason R. , Breuer Lutz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe focus on how different global temperature increases represented in IPCC reports have shifted over time. While the first four assessment reports had a roughly equal focus on temperatures above and below 2°C, the more recent fifth and sixth assessment reports have a considerably stronger focus on warming below 2°C. This is concerning as warming above 2°C is more likely given current emissions trajectories and is more influential on climate risk assessments.
Carbon and Water Cycling in Two Rubber Plantations and a Natural Forest in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Blanken Peter D. , Kasemsap Poonpipope , Petchprayoon Pakorn , Thaler Philippe , Nouvellon Yann , Gay Frédéric , Chidthaisong Amnat , Sanwangsri Montri , Chayawat Chompunut , Chantuma Pisamai , Sathornkich Jate , Kaewthongrach Rungnapa , Satakhun Duangrat , Phattaralerphong Jessada 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRubber plantations have rapidly replaced natural forests (NFs) in Mainland Southeast Asia, yet the relevant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle remain uncertain especially with an increase in drought frequency. Our study compared eddy‐covariance measurements of carbon and water fluxes from two rubber monoculture plantations (at a northern marginal site and a southern traditional plantation site) with a second‐growth NF between 2015 and 2018, and their responses to a prolonged drought during 2015/2016. The NF had higher light use efficiency, water use efficiency and gross primary productivity (GPP, 2.94 ± 0.41 kg C m−2 yr−1) than the northern rubber (NR) monoculture (2.45 ± 0.17 kg C m−2 yr−1), while lower ecosystem carbon use efficiency (eCUE) caused a lower net ecosystem productivity (NEP, 0.75 ± 0.25 kg C m−2 yr−1) compared to the plantation (1.19 ± 0.22 kg C m−2 yr−1). Drought decreased the NF eCUE by 23% with significant carbon uptake restrictions across multiple seasons, while the rubber GPP reduction was only substantial in the warm‐dry season with an overall 17% decline in eCUE. The NR site's GPP was mainly controlled by soil water content throughout the year. Higher light availability offset the negative effect of drier conditions on the rubber GPP, resulting in larger carbon uptake compared to the southern plantation (GPP, 2.12 ± 0.12 kg C m−2 yr−1; NEP, 1.07 ± 0.14 kg C m−2 yr−1). In contrast, the NF GPP was mainly restricted by vapor pressure deficit, especially during the drought.
A metasurface-based light-to-microwave transmitter for hybrid wireless communications
Authors: Zhang Xin Ge , Sun Ya Lun , Zhu Bingcheng , Jiang Wei Xiang , Yu Qian , Tian Han Wei , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zhang Zaichen , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSignal conversion plays an important role in many applications such as communication, sensing, and imaging. Realizing signal conversion between optical and microwave frequencies is a crucial step to construct hybrid communication systems that combine both optical and microwave wireless technologies to achieve better features, which are highly desirable in the future wireless communications. However, such a signal conversion process typically requires a complicated relay to perform multiple operations, which will consume additional hardware/time/energy resources. Here, we report a light-to-microwave transmitter based on the time-varying and programmable metasurface integrated with a high-speed photoelectric detection circuit into a hybrid. Such a transmitter can convert a light intensity signal to two microwave binary frequency shift keying signals by using the dispersion characteristics of the metasurface to implement the frequency division multiplexing. To illustrate the metasurface-based transmitter, a hybrid wireless communication system that allows dual-channel data transmissions in a light-to-microwave link is demonstrated, and the experimental results show that two different videos can be transmitted and received simultaneously and independently. Our metasurface-enabled signal conversion solution may enrich the functionalities of metasurfaces, and could also stimulate new information-oriented applications.
A serotonergic biobehavioral signature differentiates cocaine use disorder participants administered mirtazapine
Authors: Ma Liangsuo , Cunningham Kathryn A. , Anastasio Noelle C. , Bjork James M. , Taylor Brian A. , Arias Albert J. , Riley Brien P. , Snyder Andrew D. , Moeller F. Gerard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCocaine use disorder (CUD) patients display heterogenous symptoms and unforeseeable responses to available treatment approaches, highlighting the need to identify objective, accessible biobehavioral signatures to predict clinical trial success in this population. In the present experiments, we employed a task-based behavioral and pharmacogenetic-fMRI approach to address this gap. Craving, an intense desire to take cocaine, can be evoked by exposure to cocaine-associated stimuli which can trigger relapse during attempted recovery. Attentional bias towards cocaine-associated words is linked to enhanced effective connectivity (EC) from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to hippocampus in CUD participants, an observation which was replicated in a new cohort of participants in the present studies. Serotonin regulates attentional bias to cocaine and the serotonergic antagonist mirtazapine decreased activated EC associated with attentional bias, with greater effectiveness in those CUD participants carrying the wild-type 5-HT2CR gene relative to a 5-HT2CR single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6318). These data suggest that the wild-type 5-HT2CR is necessary for the efficacy of mirtazapine to decrease activated EC in CUD participants and that mirtazapine may serve as an abstinence enhancer to mitigate brain substrates of craving in response to cocaine-associated stimuli in participants with this pharmacogenetic descriptor. These results are distinctive in outlining a richer “fingerprint” of the complex neurocircuitry, behavior and pharmacogenetics profile of CUD participants which may provide insight into success of future medications development projects.