bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock climbing disturbance severity and abiotic gradients interact to determine cryptogam diversity and community structure
Authors: Reding Jordan M. , Davies G. Matt , Klips Robert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuestionsPlant communities are shaped by interactions between natural and anthropogenic disturbances and underlying environmental conditions. We asked how disturbance by rock climbing alters patterns of cryptogam species diversity and composition along elevational abiotic gradients.LocationRed River Gorge, Kentucky, United States of America.MethodsSurveying was completed within 19 climbing routes on sandstone “slabs.” Quadrats were placed at three different vertical positions (elevations) and three different horizontal positions (center of the route, route margin, off‐route). The former provides a gradient of light and moisture availability while the latter corresponds to climbing impact. Cryptogam species cover was visually assessed in all quadrats. Quadrat microtopography was quantified as well as route‐level Heat Load Index and Climbing Use Intensity. We assessed differences in species richness and Shannon diversity (H) among quadrat positions and evaluated differences in species and cryptogam morphological type abundance and composition.ResultsSignificant differences existed in richness H, and total cryptogam abundance between quadrat vertical and horizontal positions with a significant interaction between these two factors. Cryptogram abundance was greatest in off‐route quadrats and increased with elevation in such settings. Abundance was consistently lower in on‐route quadrats and, here, did not change with elevation. Richness and H were greatest in off‐route quadrats and declined with increasing elevation in on‐route quadrats. Significant differences in community composition existed as a function of vertical and horizontal position. On‐route quadrats were associated with crustose and granulose species, while foliose and squamulose lichens, and bryophytes were associated with off‐route quadrats.ConclusionsCryptogam composition and abundance were associated with varying intra‐route environmental conditions, and off‐ to on‐route disturbance gradients. There is potential for substantive impacts on the ecology of cliff face ecosystems from climbing. Impacts could be reduced by spacing routes widely and avoiding impacts on upper elevations where diversity and abundance are greatest.
Community and wellbeing in the lives of people with learning disabilities
Authors: Nind Melanie 
Published: August 2022

Accessible summary
The journal now has a statement on the website about respecting diversity, wanting to include different people and their perspectives, and standing alongside people with learning disabilities.
We have done some research with people with learning disabilities about how they might contribute to reviewing papers. We will report on this soon.
This issue of the journal has papers about community and well‐being for people with learning disabilities.
The papers look at how we can help people who belong in communities. Some cover how people stayed connected during Covid lockdowns. Others focus on different ways of supporting people's mental health.
The time management styles of deputy ministers in Canada: Towards a taxonomy
Authors: Dutil Patrice , Migone Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeputy Ministers in Canada play a critical role in defining all aspects of policy and operations for their respective departments and also contribute significantly to their government's collective initiatives. While there exists a solid understanding of the roles and functions of Deputy Ministers, there is little perception of how individuals actually shape the position in terms of time management. Understanding how senior executives in Canadian public service organize their time is critical to an appreciation of how they prioritize their functions. Using results from a 2020 survey, this study documents how Deputy Ministers in Canada divide their weeks in terms of personal work and meetings. This study goes further to discern a taxonomy of five time‐allocation styles of Deputy Ministers: Operational, Balanced, Managerial, Strategic and HR‐Focused.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of children with congenital Zika syndrome at 12 and 24 months of age
Authors: Marques Fernanda J. P. , Amarante Claret , Elias Marco Aurelio C. , Klein Renata , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. , Leyser Marcio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly child development is a critical stage of life that influences social, educational and health outcomes worldwide. A few years after Zika epidemic, families of children born with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) continue to face uncertainties when it comes to the development of their children. The present study sought to analyse the developmental trajectories of a subset of children born with CZS in the first 24 months of life.MethodsThirty‐five children with CZS were assessed with the Bayley‐III Scales at 12 and 24 months of age from November 2016 to December 2018 in a rehabilitation centre in Brazil. Inclusion criteria included children with established diagnosis of CZS. Exclusion criteria included the presence of arthrogryposis, prematurity, irregular follow‐up, clinical complications or other causes of microcephaly. Children born with CZS who evolved with cerebral palsy (CP) were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) at 2 years of age.ResultsAt 12 months of age mean composite scores on the Bayley cognitive, communication and motor scores were 57.71 (SD 7.11), 57.94 (SD 14.34) and 49.26 (7.20), respectively. At 24 months of age, composite scores were 57.43 (SD 7.11), 53.60 (SD 12.29) and 48.83 (7.76). In addition, 31 (88.57%) out of 34 children diagnosed with CP were classified as GMFCS levels IV and V.ConclusionZika virus congenital infection is a risk factor for functional impairments across all developmental domains having a direct and substantial negative impact in early child development.
The closer we get, the better we are?
Authors: Goldstein Nathan , Zilberfarb Ben‐Zion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNot always. A general requirement in models of expectations formation is that forecast accuracy should improve when getting closer to the target date. We apply a multi‐horizon bootstrap test to a unique Israeli survey of firm‐level inflation forecasts, which encompasses periods of three digits annual rates, and periods of moderate and low inflation. We find that improvements in forecast accuracy were significant during high and moderate inflation periods, but not in the low‐inflation environment. The results are in line with rational inattention, induced by a decline in inflation predictability. Further support is provided by evidence from the US SPF survey.
Comparing Drosophila suzukii flight behavior using free‐flight and tethered flight assays
Authors: Tran Anh K. , Kees Aubree M. , Hutchison William D. , Aukema Brian H. , Rao Sujaya , Rogers Mary A. , Asplen Mark K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTethered flight mills and free‐flight studies are two common approaches for examining insect flight behavior in the laboratory. Flight behavior studies are significant because they provide information with understanding dispersal and range expansion. Each approach has advantages and drawbacks and can influence the flight behavior of the study organism. However, tethered and untethered flight studies are rarely performed simultaneously to determine whether one technique is better suited for a particular species. Here, we conducted a tethered and untethered flight study to determine the limitations, benefits, and effects the two methods could have on assessing an insect's flight capacity. We focused the study on the global invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Propensity of flight and flight duration, distance, and velocity were examined for (1) females and males, and (2) summer and winter morphs, as the two morphs differ significantly in body and wing size. The study showed that summer morphs were more likely to fly when untethered than when tethered to a flight mill. Additionally, when comparing the length of time of flight for first take‐off, D. suzukii flew longer when untethered. Outcomes from this study provide information on D. suzukii flight behavior, which could assist with future research on this economically important fruit pest that is rapidly expanding its range. The results also suggest that the flight apparatus can affect D. suzukii flight behaviors, such that future laboratory flight research should be considerate of the flight technique utilized.
Social network size in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Ryan Patrick C. , Damme Katherine S. F. , Kuhney Franchesca S. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAdolescents and young adults at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis report few close friends. Social support has been linked to conversion to psychosis and psychosis relapse in CHR individuals. Expanding earlier research on loneliness and friendships at a single timepoint, this study described composition and changes in social network and its association with clinical and cognitive symptoms among CHR adolescents.MethodsNinety five individuals (46 CHR individuals, 49 healthy volunteers) completed baseline and 1‐year follow‐up Social Network Index (SNI) evaluations and clinical interviews. Analyses first examined SNI size and composition across 10 categories (e.g., family, close friends, coworkers, classmates) between groups. Then, the relationship between SNI size and baseline social symptoms (i.e., paranoia, social anhedonia, social anxiety, social cognition), social function, and changes in symptoms and social networks over 1‐year were examined within the CHR group.ResultsCHR individuals showed smaller social networks overall, driven by fewer friendships and family relationships. Social cognition and social anxiety significantly related to SNI size at baseline, but social anhedonia and paranoia did not. SNI size related to social function, but with a modest effect size (r's = .45 and .56). Surprisingly, an increase in positive symptom severity related to an increase in familial but a decrease in coworker social network size.ConclusionsThe social support deficits in the CHR group were specific to relatives and friendships, with social anxiety and social cognition as implicated symptoms. Social relationships may serve as a promising early intervention target in individuals at CHR for psychosis.
Improved Lumped‐Parameter and Numerical Modeling of Unsaturated Water Flow and Stable Water Isotopes
Authors: Imig Anne , Shajari Fatemeh , Augustin Lea , Einsiedl Florian , Rein Arno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCharacterizing unsaturated water flow in the subsurface is a requirement for understanding effects of droughts on agricultural production or impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge. By employing an improved lumped‐parameter model (LPM) approach that mimics variable flow we have interpreted stable water isotope data (δ18O and δ2H), taken over 3 years at a lysimeter site located in Germany. Lysimeter soil cores were characterized by sandy gravel (Ly1) and clayey sandy silt (Ly2), and both lysimeters were vegetated with maize. Results were compared with numerical simulation of unsaturated flow and stable water isotope transport using HYDRUS‐1D. In addition, both approaches were extended by the consideration of preferential flow paths. Application of the extended LPM, and thus varying flow and transport parameters, substantially improved the description of stable water isotope observations in lysimeter seepage water. In general, findings obtained from the extended LPM were in good agreement to numerical modeling results. However, observations were more difficult to describe mathematically for Ly2, where the periodicity of seasonal stable water isotope fluctuation in seepage water was not fully met by numerical modeling. Furthermore, an extra isotopic upshift improved simulations for Ly2, probably controlled by stable water isotope exchange processes between mobile soil water and quasi‐immobile water within stagnant zones. Finally, although LPM requires less input data compared with numerical models, both approaches achieve comparable decision‐support integrity. The extended LPM approach can thus be a powerful tool for soil and groundwater management approaches.
Validation of the easy‐to‐use lenvatinib prognostic index to predict prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Rimini Margherita , Kang Wonseok , Burgio Valentina , Persano Mara , Aoki Tamoko , Shimose Shigeo , Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Sho Takuya , Lai Eleonora , Celsa Ciro , Campani Claudia , Tonnini Matteo , Tamburini Emiliano , Hiraoka Atsushi , Takaguchi Koichi , Nishida Naoshi , Iwamoto Hideki , Itobayashi Ei , Tsuji Kunihiko , Sakamoto Naoya , Ishikawa Toru , Toyoda Hidenori , Kudo Masatoshi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Nouso Kazugiro , Suda Goki , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Marra Fabio , Della Corte Angelo , Ratti Francesca , Pedica Federica , De Cobelli Francesco , Aldrighetti Luca , Scartozzi Mario , Cascinu Stefano , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe identification of new prognostic factors able to stratify hepatocellular carcinoma patients candidate to first‐line therapy is urgent. In the present work we validated the prognostic value of the lenvatinib prognostic index.MethodsData of Eastern and Western patients treated with lenvatinib as first‐line for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B or C hepatocellular carcinoma were recollected. The lenvatinib prognostic index was composed by three classes of risk according with our previous study. The “low risk” group includes patients with prognostic nutritional index (PNI) >43.3 and with previous transarterial chemoembolization. The “medium risk” group includes patients with PNI >43.3, but without previous transarterial chemoembolization and patients with PNI <43.3, albumin‐bilirubin grade 1 and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B. The “high risk” group includes patients with PNI <43.3, albumin‐bilirubin grade 2, and patients with PNI <43.3, albumin‐bilirubin grade 1 and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C.ResultsA total of 717 patients were included. The median overall survival was 20.7 months (95% CI 16.1–51.6) in patients with low risk (n = 223), 16.7 months (95% CI 13.3–47.0) in patients with medium risk (n = 264), and 10.7 months (95% CI 9.3–12.2) in patients with high risk (n = 230; HR 1, 1.29, and 1.92, respectively; p < 0.0001). Median progression‐free survival was 7.3 months (95% CI 6.3–46.5) in patients with low risk, 6.4 months (95% CI 5.3–8.0) in patients with medium risk ,and 4.9 months (95% CI 4.3–5.5) in patients with high risk (HR 1, 1.07, 1.47 respectively; p = 0.0009).ConclusionThe lenvatinib prognostic index confirms its prognostic value on an external cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with Lenvatinib.
Nocardia spp. isolation in chronic lung diseases: Are there differences between patients with pulmonary nocardiosis and Nocardia colonization?
Authors: Serino Mariana , Sousa Catarina , Redondo Margarida , Carvalho Teresa , Ribeiro Manuela , Ramos Angélica , Cruz-Martins Natália , Amorim Adelina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Chronic lung diseases are a recognized risk factor for Nocardia spp. infection. Nocardia spp. isolation does not inevitably imply disease, and thus colonization must be considered. Here, we aimed to analyse the differences between pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) and Nocardia spp. colonization in patients with chronic lung diseases.

Methods and results
A retrospective study of patients with laboratory confirmation of isolation of Nocardia spp. in at least one respiratory sample was performed. Patients with PN and Nocardia spp. colonization were compared. There were 71 patients with Nocardia spp. identification, 64.8% were male, with a mean age of 67.7 ± 11.2 years. All patients had ≥1 pre-existing chronic lung disease, and 19.7% of patients were immunocompromised. PN and Nocardia spp. colonization were considered in 26.8% and 73.2% of patients, respectively. Symptoms and chest CT findings were significantly more frequent in patients with PN (p &lt; 0.001). During follow-up time, 12 (16.9%) patients died, 6 in PN group. Immunosuppression, constitutional symptoms, haematological malignancy and PN diagnosis were associated with significantly shorter survival times, despite only immunosuppression (HR 3.399; 95% CI 1.052–10.989) and PN diagnosis (HR 3.568; 95% CI 1.078–11.910) remained associated with a higher death risk in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
PN was associated with clinical worsening, more chest CT findings and worse clinical outcomes.

Significance and impact of study
Nocardia spp. isolation in chronic lung disease patients is more common than expected and the differentiation between colonization and disease is crucial.
Prospective association between evening circadian preference and academic functioning in adolescents: the role of daytime sleepiness
Authors: Fredrick Joseph W. , Cook Taryn E. , Langberg Joshua M. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThere is growing evidence for the role of circadian factors in adolescents' sleep and academic adjustment, with greater evening preference being linked to poorer academic functioning. However, studies have yet to evaluate this association prospectively in adolescence, nor have studies examined daytime sleepiness as a putative mechanism linking evening preference to poor academic functioning. The current study used a multi‐informant design to test the prospective association of evening circadian preference, daytime sleepiness, and academic functioning (e.g., global academic impairment and grades) across 2 years in adolescence. As evening circadian preference, sleepiness, and academic problems are elevated in adolescents with ADHD, we used a sample enriched for adolescents with ADHD and explored whether ADHD moderated effects.MethodParticipants were 302 adolescents (Mage = 13.17 years; 44.7% female; 81.8% White; 52% with ADHD). In the fall of eighth grade, adolescents reported on their circadian preference, and in the fall of ninth grade, adolescents and parents completed ratings of daytime sleepiness. In the middle of 10th grade, parents and teachers reported on adolescents' academic impairment and at the end of 10th grade, adolescents' grade point average (GPA) was obtained from school records.ResultsAbove and beyond covariates (e.g., adolescent sex, ADHD status, medication, sleep duration) and baseline academic impairment, greater self‐reported evening preference in 8th grade predicted increased parent ratings of academic impairment in 10th grade indirectly via adolescent and parent ratings of daytime sleepiness in 9th grade. Furthermore, evening preference in 8th grade predicted greater teacher ratings of academic impairment and lower average GPA in 10th grade via parent ratings of daytime sleepiness in 9th grade, controlling for covariates and baseline GPA. ADHD status did not moderate indirect effects.ConclusionFindings underscore daytime sleepiness as a possible intervening mechanism linking evening preference to poor academic functioning across adolescence. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate whether targeting circadian preference and sleepiness improves academic functioning in adolescents.
Defining the observable processes of patient care related to social determinants of health
Authors: Mizumoto Junki , Mitsuyama Toshichika , Kondo Satoshi , Izumiya Masashi , Horita Shoko , Eto Masato 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAn understanding of social determinants of health (SDH) and patients' social circumstances is recommended to deliver contextualised care. However, the processes of patient care related to SDH in clinical settings have not been described in detail. Observable practice activities (OPAs) are a collection of learning objectives and activities that must be observed in daily practice and can be used to describe the precise processes for professionals to follow in specific situations (process OPA.)MethodsWe used a modified Delphi technique to generate expert consensus about the process OPA for patient care related to SDH in primary care settings. To reflect the opinions of various stakeholders, the expert panel comprised clinical professionals (physicians, nurses, public health nurses, social workers, pharmacists and medical clerks), residents, medical students, researchers (medical education, health care, sociology of marginalised people), support members for marginalised people and patients. The Delphi rounds were conducted online. In Round 1, a list of potentially important steps in the processes of care was distributed to panellists. The list was modified, and one new step was added. In Round 2, all steps were acknowledged with few modifications.ResultsOf 63 experts recruited, 61 participated, and all participants completed the Delphi rounds. A total of 14 observable steps were identified, which were divided into four components: communication, practice, maintenance and advocacy. The importance of ongoing patient–physician relationships and collaboration with professionals and stakeholders was emphasised for the whole process of care.DiscussionThis study presents the consensus of a variety of experts on the process OPA for patient care related to SDHs. Further research is warranted to investigate how this Communication–Practice–Maintenance–Advocacy framework could affect medical education, quality of patient care, and patient outcomes.
Mesophyll conductance response to short‐term changes in pCO2 is related to leaf anatomy and biochemistry in diverse C4 grasses
Authors: Pathare Varsha S. , DiMario Robert J. , Koteyeva Nuria , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Mesophyll CO2 conductance (gm) in C3 species responds to short‐term (minutes) changes in environment potentially due to changes in leaf anatomical and biochemical properties and measurement artefacts. Compared with C3 species, there is less information on gm responses to short‐term changes in environmental conditions such as partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) across diverse C4 species and the potential determinants of these responses.

Using 16 C4 grasses we investigated the response of gm to short‐term changes in pCO2 and its relationship with leaf anatomy and biochemistry.

In general, gm increased as pCO2 decreased (statistically significant increase in 12 species), with percentage increases in gm ranging from +13% to +250%. Greater increase in gm at low pCO2 was observed in species exhibiting relatively thinner mesophyll cell walls along with greater mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces, leaf N, photosynthetic capacity and activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Rubisco. Species with greater CO2 responses of gm were also able to maintain their leaf water‐use efficiencies (TEi) under low CO2.

Our study advances understanding of CO2 response of gm in diverse C4 species, identifies the key leaf traits related to this response and has implications for improving C4 photosynthetic models and TEi through modification of gm.