bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: one year update
Authors: Norton Alice , Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Advani Nicole , Johnston Cathryn , Grund Henrike , Mburu Sheila , Clegg Emma , Gollish Marguerite , Sahota Sara , Jabin Nusrat , Scott Laura , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay A. Morgan , Carson Gail , Tufet Bayona Marta 
Published: March 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There is however a need for greater coordination, with limited resources and the shifting global nature of the pandemic resulting in a proliferation of research projects underpowered and unable to achieve their aims. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th July 2021 the database contains 12,419 projects, funded by 255 funders, taking place across 149 countries representing an investment of at least $4.9 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It is being used by the WHO, governments and multi-lateral policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis will be presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this version five analysis we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (three months after version four) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: As the global funding response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review helps both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to areas where there is continued unmet research need.
Health consequences of using special diets with restricted carbohydrate consumption
Authors: Janowska Maria , Rogacka Karolina , Pyrak Bartłomiej , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia 
Published: March 2022

Introduction and purpose: There are many reasons why patients with specific health disorders, as well as people in good health, decide to follow special diets. Often their choice falls on dietary models that include limited carbohydrate intake. The most popular in this area are low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets, which have a significant impact on metabolism, making them of particular interest to people with excessive body weight.
State of knowledge: Low-carbohydrate diets include many dietary models of varying restrictiveness, with or without achieving a state of ketosis. The ketogenic diet has the most promising clinical results in terms of effects on carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Long-term studies are still too few and inconsistent, also regarding the effects on weight loss compared to traditional approach. High-protein diets also include a reduction in carbohydrate intake, but with a higher protein content. Observations on the effect of weight reduction and metabolic modification are inconsistent. The possible multi-directional negative health effects seem to be a strong argument against recommending this approach.
Conclusion: The basis of any reduction diet must be a reduced energy supply. This can be achieved in a variety of ways, which are designed to facilitate its implementation by patients, as well as to have the most beneficial effect on their impaired metabolism. Diversions from the traditional approach may have beneficial effects, but may also contribute to other health problems. It is important to consider the patients' health status as a whole, and to ensure specialist follow-up when using described special diets, because of possible side effects and difficulties in properly balancing the diet. They can only be recommended in specific cases. The standard in the management of excessive body weight remains the traditional approach, the effects of which are well documented and do not represent risk factors for other conditions.
Small animal Review
Authors: Gough Alex 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Computed tomography is an advanced imaging modality, giving detailed three-dimensional images with good differentiation between tissue densities, useful for orthopaedic and soft tissue imaging. The use of contrast improves its accuracy when imaging soft tissues and allows angiography. Computed tomography has become much more widely available in practice in the UK in recent years, with most referral centres and some larger primary practices now boasting their own facilities, often used by other practices when referring cases for outpatient scans. Studies regarding the use of computed tomography are thus becoming more relevant to the general practitioner as well as the referral clinician, and this month's Small Animal Review presents three studies on its use in different conditions.
Application of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Analysis and Detection of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Wei , Yang Yu , Huang Min , Guo Ya , Zhu Qibing 
Published: March 2022

HighlightsEight JIP-test parameters most relevant to tomato bacterial wilt were identified.A novel model was developed for detection of tomato bacterial wilt.The overall detection accuracy of the developed model was 88.42%.Abstract. Bacterial wilt seriously threatens global tomato yield. Timely and accurately identification of plants infected with bacterial wilt is crucial to the implementation of disease management practices, but such detection methods are lacking. In this study, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) was used in the analysis and detection of tomato bacterial wilt. ChlF induction curves were collected from the leaves of control and infected plants after different days-post-inoculation (DPI), and eight JIP-test parameters most relevant to tomato bacterial wilt were selected from 22 JIP-test parameters through statistical analysis. A novel detection model, multidimensional multiclass genetic programming with multidimensional populations extreme learning machine (M3GP-ELM), was developed to identify tomato plants infected with bacterial wilt based on the selected JIP-test parameters. The M3GP-ELM model used a genetic programming algorithm to perform linear and/or non-linear transformations on the selected eight variables and then used the classification accuracy of ELM as a fitness function to evaluate the performance of the transformed variables. The results of the experiment indicated that the differences in the ChlF induction curves and the eight selected JIP-test parameters between the infected group and the control group became more obvious with increased time after inoculation. Compared with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and ELM, the M3GP-ELM model achieved the best detection performance with an overall accuracy of 88.42% and an accuracy of 82.83% at the early stage (1 to 5 DPI). Therefore, ChlF technology combined with M3GP-ELM has the potential to detect tomato bacterial wilt. Keywords: Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Extreme learning machine, Genetic programming, Tomato bacterial wilt.
Optimized Gaussian Pulse Design for UWB System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based-on Generalized Bessel Polynomials
Authors: Chutchavong Vanvisa , Anuwongpinit Thanavit , Purahong Boonchana , Archevapanich Tuanjai , Janchitrapongvej Kanok 
Published: March 2022

The ultrawideband system operates a very short pulse with enormous bandwidth to provide high data rates for data transmission. To design the UWB pulse, considering the pulse shape is very necessary, and a spectral emission mask of the designed pulse should meet the FCC spectral mask requirement between frequency range 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The traditional UWB pulse design is based on the Gaussian derivative. However, the frequency spectrum is not satisfied the FCC spectral mask requirement. In this study, the Gaussian pulse can be designed from the mathematical characteristic of the generalized Bessel polynomial. The spectral efficiency of the proposed pulse can be improved by the combination of the derivative of Gaussian pulse with a weight coefficient optimization with particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm inspired by animal behavior. PSO is applied with generalized Bessel polynomial transfer function to gain the best weight coefficient, we proposed to optimize its weight vector to design a pulse that exceeds to FCC spectral mask. The results were found in MATLAB software show that generalized Bessel polynomials can approximate the proposed pulse with combination method and PSO. The spectral efficiency is improved to 89.30% and the spectrum is greater close to the FCC spectral mask requirement. To confirm an improved spectral efficiency compared to the previous works.
Accurate mechanical–optical theoretical model of cross-axis sensitivity of an interferometric micro-optomechanical accelerometer
Authors: Fang Weidong , Zhu Qixuan , Bai Jian , Chen Jiaxiao , Xv Xiang , Wang Chen , Lu Qianbo 
Published: March 2022

An interferometric micro-optomechanical accelerometer usually has ultrahigh sensitivity and accuracy. However, cross-axis interference inevitably degrades the performance, including its detection accuracy and output signal contrast. To accurately clarify the influence of cross-axis interference, a modified mechanical–optical theoretical model is established. The rotation of the proof mass and the detected light intensity are quantitatively investigated with a load of cross-axis acceleration. A simulation and experiment are performed to verify the correctness of the theoretical model when the cross-axis acceleration is from 0 to 0.175 g. The results demonstrate that this model has a more than fivefold accuracy increase compared with conventional theoretical models when the cross-axis acceleration is from 0.06 to 0.175 g. In addition, we provide a suppression method to diminish the rotation of the proof mass based on squeeze film air damping, which significantly suppresses the contrast reduction caused by cross-axis interference.
Machine-learning reinforcement for optimizing multilayered thin films: applications in designing broadband antireflection coatings
Authors: Tran Vinh The , Mai Huy Van , Nguyen Hue Minh , Duong Dung Chi , Vu Viet Hoang , Hoang Nghia Nhan , Nguyen Minh Van , Mai Tuan Anh , Tong Hien Duy , Nguyen Hung Quoc , Nguyen Quang , Nguyen-Tran Thuat 
Published: March 2022

The design and fabrication of nanoscale multilayered thin films play an essential role in regulating the operation efficiency of sensitive optical sensors and filters. In this paper, we introduce a packaged tool that employs flexible electromagnetic calculation software with machine learning in order to find the optimized double-band antireflection coatings in intervals of wavelength from 3 to 5 µm and 8 to 12 µm. Instead of computing or modeling an extremely enormous set of thin film structures, this tool enhanced with machine learning can swiftly predict the optical properties of a given structure with

>
99.7
%

accuracy and a substantial reduction in computation costs. Furthermore, the tool includes two learning methods that can infer a global optimal structure or suitable local optimal ones. Specifically, these well-trained models provide the highest accurate double-band average transmission coefficient combined with the lowest number of layers or the thinnest total thickness starting from a reference multilayered structure. Finally, the more sophisticated enhancement method, called the double deep Q-learning network, exhibited the best performance in finding optimal antireflective multilayered structures with the highest double-band average transmission coefficient of about 98.95%.
Defocus generation method for measuring the thickness of surface-hardened layers by a laser ultrasonic technique
Authors: Lee Yong , Kitazawa So 
Published: March 2022

We developed a noncontact inspection method for measuring the thickness of surface-hardened layers using a laser ultrasonic technique in which a laser beam for generating ultrasonic surface waves was defocused on a specimen. Our method was based on the dependence of the ultrasonic surface-wave velocity on the thickness of the hardened layers. In the measurement, it is essential to generate a surface wave with a wavelength comparable to the hardened-layer thickness. It is known that the wavelength of the laser-generated surface wave depends on the beam diameter of the generation laser. We applied this control method of the wavelength of the surface wave (i.e., the defocus generation method) for measuring the hardened-layer thickness with higher accuracy and found that the results were in good agreement with the calculation.
Elliptically polarized sum-frequency generation by total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique
Authors: Saha Moumita , Deb Sumita 
Published: March 2022

This work demonstrates the elliptically polarized radiation of sum-frequency generation by the total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique that allows polarization rotation in the presence of an external electric field across a rectangular-shaped,

Y

2

O

3

-coated, MgO-doped

L
i
N
b

O

3

crystal. This thin film is employed to control the phase shifts generated by

p

- and

s

-polarized light propagation at each bounce point of the slab–film interface. The computer-aided simulation yielded a high conversion efficiency of 7.5%/W/cm, reflecting the combined field impact of the optical rotation quasi-phase-matching and fractional quasi-phase-matching approaches. Moreover, the conversion yielding limiting factors such as absorption, surface roughness, and the interference effect of the nonlinear law of reflection have also been included to simulate the generation of a 770 nm wavelength. A comparative assessment of the generated linearly and elliptically polarized radiations has also been addressed.
Quantitative measurement of a landed soap bubble during its drainage
Authors: Yi Zhengming , Ding Weijiang , Lv Wei 
Published: March 2022

The drainage process of a landed soap bubble has been studied using the large lateral shearing displacement interferometry. The film thickness in height and time can be quantitatively measured with a standard deviation about 0.04 µm. In the drainage process, the maximum film thickness is 4.78 µm, the maximum film volume is

5.52

m
m

3

, the maximum volume flow is

0.234

m
m

3

/

s

, and the maximum drainage flow rate is about 1.27 mm/s. Once the drained zone occurs, the drainage flow rate becomes about twice as before. The simulative fringe patterns based on the measurement results are in good agreement with the experimental ones in most areas.
Optimal path selection algorithm for UAV formation
guided by a UV virtual fence
Authors: Zhao Taifei , Zhang Gang , Liang Hao , Rong Kaixin 
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the optimal flight path selection problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations in multi-obstacle areas. According to the characteristics of wireless ultraviolet (UV) light communication conforming to the probability coverage model, a wireless UV light self-organizing network coverage model is proposed; the UV light of different wavelengths is divided into a detection area, communication area, and early warning area. A consensus algorithm with leaders and followers is designed, and an artificial potential field method is introduced to ensure that the UAV formation successfully avoids obstacles. Simulation results show that the UAV formation can choose a reasonable flight route under the improved algorithm, and the average obstacle avoidance time is reduced by 6.75 s compared with the original algorithm. Comparing the flight paths of formations in barrier-free and multi-obstacle environments, the obstacle avoidance range of UAVs is not more than 1 m. The UV light self-organizing coverage model can be applied to military communications and disaster relief.
Direct time-of-flight distributed analysis of nonlinear forward scattering
Authors: Sharma Kavita , Zehavi Elad , Diamandi H. Hagai , Bashan Gil , London Yosef , Zadok Avi 
Published: March 2022

Scattering is among the most common and widely employed optical
phenomena. The spatially resolved analysis of scattering contributions
supports distributed sensing of quantities of interest. While optical
backscatter events are readily mapped using time-of-flight
considerations, the distributed analysis of forward scattering
represents a fundamental and long-standing challenge. Interest in
distributed analysis of forward scattering has reawakened in recent
years, toward optical fiber sensors based on forward-stimulated
Brillouin scattering. Existing protocols for distributed analysis of
forward Brillouin scattering rely on secondary backscattering
mechanisms and mandate the noise-prone differentiation of collected
data with respect to position. Here we report on the direct,
distributed analysis of forward scattering. The combined contributions
of forward-stimulated Brillouin scattering and Kerr effect four-wave
mixing are resolved with respect to position along
polarization-maintaining fibers. The concept is based on the
characteristics of intermodal scattering in such fibers: Forward
scattering is initiated by a pair of orthogonally polarized and
copropagating pump waves and observed through the nonlinear
polarization switching of a counterpropagating probe. Measurements
distinguish between dissimilar fibers connected in series, and between
air and water outside a polyimide-coated fiber section in a specific
location. The measurement range was 1.1 km. The spatial resolution
currently achieved is estimated as 60 m, limited by the lifetimes of
forward Brillouin scattering. The results provide preliminary proof of
concept for distributed forward Brillouin fiber sensors that do not
require the differentiation of data.
Pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunocompromised patients in Germany: A retrospective cohort study to assess sequential vaccination rates and changes over time
Authors: Sprenger Ralf , Häckl Dennis , Kossack Nils , Schiffner-Rohe Julia , Wohlleben Jessica , von Eiff Christof 
Published: March 2022

Background
Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended by the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) for infants, elderly 60+ years and patients at risk. In 2016, a sequential pneumococcal vaccination schedule (conjugate vaccine followed by polysaccharide vaccine 6–12 months later) supplemented this recommendation for immunocompromised patients ≥2 years of age. Previous research showed low pneumococcal vaccination rates (pnc-VR) in this vulnerable group. Moreover, no evidence is available on adherence to the newer sequential schedule. This study aimed to analyze the development of pnc-VRs in immunocompromised patients and rates of sequential vaccinations according to the STIKO recommendations.

Methods
Using a representative health claims database, we assigned incident immunocompromised patients ≥2 years of age to one of two successive cohorts to observe trends over time: cohort A (first diagnosis of immunocompromised condition between 01/2013 and 12/2014), and cohort B (first diagnosis between 01/ 2015 and 12/2017). Pnc-VR within two years after first diagnosis and cumulative pnc-VR was compared among both cohorts. In cohort B, we assessed sequential pnc-VR within 15 months of the first vaccination. For additional analyses, patients were stratified by age, gender and immunocompromising condition.

Results
Cohort A and B comprised 193,521 and 289,279 patients, respectively. Overall pnc-VR increased over time from 4.3% (cohort A; 95%-confidence interval: 4.3%-4.4%) to 6.0% (cohort B; 5.9%-6.1%), with highest pnc-VRs in men ≥60 years (11.3%: 11.1%-11.6%) and HIV patients (15.2%: 13.1%-17.4%). Cumulative pnc-VRs in cohort B were higher in any quarter following diagnosis when compared with cohort A. Overall sequential pnc-VR in cohort B was 4.0% (3.7%-4.3%), with a higher rate observed in patients aged 16–59 (6.8%: 6.0%-7.7%) vs. patients aged ≥60 years (3.1%: 2.8%-3.4%).

Conclusion
While some improvements were seen over time, pnc-VRs remain very low in immunocompromised patients, as did sequential vaccination rates. Current recommendations to protect immunocompromised patients from pneumococcal infections are not being sufficiently implemented.
Cultural Identity in British Musical Theatre, 1890–1939: Knowing One’s Place, Ben Macpherson (2018)
Authors: Everett William A. 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Cultural Identity in British Musical Theatre, 1890–1939: Knowing One’s Place, Ben Macpherson (2018)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 245 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-14759-806-6, h/bk £89.99
Effect of rubber reinforcement with filler on extrusion flow and extrudate swell
Authors: Hirai Hidenori , Uematsu Hideyuki , Sato Yuji , Tanoue Shuichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The extrusion process of silica rubber through a chemical reaction is unstable, and the flow mechanism in the extruder is still unclear. In this study, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has been chosen as the matrix and the reinforcing effects of two different kinds of fillers, silica and titanium dioxide, have been investigated on SBR. Additionally, the effect of the properties of the SBR/filler composites on extrudate swelling has been examined. The reinforcing effect of the filler was confirmed by dynamic viscoelasticity, and the swell ratio was measured using a capillary rheometer. The results suggest that titanium dioxide has no reinforcing effect, as there is no interaction between titanium dioxide and the molecular structure of SBR. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between silica and SBR. It was found that the bound rubber, which is an SBR gel with restricted molecular chains, causes a reduction in the swell ratio, and this reduction effect is larger than that caused by filling the filler in the matrix. Furthermore, it was observed that this bound rubber deforms during flow and affects the extrudate swell phenomenon.
Conjectural invariance with respect to the fusion system of an almost-source algebra
Authors: Barker Laurence , Gelvin Matthew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that, given an almost-source algebra 𝐴 of a 𝑝-block of a finite group 𝐺, then the unit group of 𝐴 contains a basis stabilized by the left and right multiplicative action of the defect group if and only if, in a sense to be made precise, certain relative multiplicities of local pointed groups are invariant with respect to the fusion system. We also show that, when 𝐺 is 𝑝-solvable, those two equivalent conditions hold for some almost-source algebra of the given 𝑝-block. One motive lies in the fact that, by a theorem of Linckelmann, if the two equivalent conditions hold for 𝐴, then any stable basis for 𝐴 is semicharacteristic for the fusion system.