bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal and Policy Frameworks to Address Marine Litter Through Improved Livelihoods
Authors: Manyara Peter , Raubenheimer Karen , Sadan Zaynab 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis chapter provides an overview of the international and regional legal and policy frameworks relevant to the prevention and management of marine litter. These instruments set the obligations and guidance for national action of participating countries. Legal and policy responses by governments provide an opportunity to address the many drivers of marine litter across the life cycle, from the design of products to the management of the waste they generate. Public awareness, consumer behaviour and industry engagement also play key roles in preventing marine litter. These interventions alone remain voluntary, fragmented and insufficient to tackle the marine litter problem. The national and/or regional responsibility of parties to prevent marine litter as established by these frameworks is not unique to the countries of Africa, and many of the barriers to effective compliance are shared with developing countries in other regions. The social context in which national implementation measures must operate can be unique to countries or regions. This chapter summarises the duties established by the legal and policy frameworks at the international and regional levels that may be applied to the issue of marine litter. It provides an African context to the barriers and drivers of effective implementation of national measures in compliance with international obligations. The scope of this chapter extends beyond the responsibility to prevent marine pollution, to establish a holistic and integrated duty of governments to provide a healthy environment and sustainable livelihoods as recognised in the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The review of these international, regional and national legal and policy frameworks therefore considers the inclusion of these broader principles to underpin prevention and management of marine litter.
Reference Frames and Transformations
Authors: Faccioli Pietro , Lourenço Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the different options for defining the polarization frame in terms of physical directions in a real experiment.We explain how the observed anisotropy parameters of the decay distribution of a vector particle depend on the definition of the polarization frame and, in general, on the particle's laboratory momentum.We also discuss how the choice of the polarization frame, while in principle arbitrary, can have an impact on the immediate physical indications provided by the measurement, as well as, in some cases, on the very reliability of the analysis results.
A Frame-Independent Study of the Angular Distribution
Authors: Faccioli Pietro , Lourenço Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces general frame-independent relations between the observable anisotropy parameters. Some of these relations reflect the geometrical properties of the distribution, including inequalities that delimit the allowed phase space of the anisotropy parameters, and the representation of the distribution in a “canonical” form. The most interesting relation defines a rotation-invariant parameter expressing the intrinsic nature of the polarization, independently of the reference frame.
Unraveling the Scotogenic model at muon collider
Authors: Liu Jiao , Han Zhi-Long , Jin Yi , Li Honglei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Scotogenic model extends the standard model with three singlet fermion Ni and one inert doublet scalar η to address the common origin of tiny neutrino mass and dark matter. For fermion dark matter N1, a hierarchical Yukawa structure $$ \mid {y}_{1e}\mid \ll \mid {y}_{1\mu}\mid \sim \mid {y}_{1\tau}\mid \sim \mathcal{O}(1) $$
∣

y

1
e

∣
≪
∣

y

1
μ

∣
∼
∣

y

1
τ

∣
∼
O

1

is usually favored to satisfy constraints from lepton flavor violation and relic density. Such large μ-related Yukawa coupling would greatly enhance the pair production of charged scalar η± at the muon collider. In this paper, we investigate the dilepton and mono-photon signature of the Scotogenic model at a 14 TeV muon collider. For the dimuon signature "Image missing", we find that most viable samples can be probed with 200 fb−1 data. The ditau signature "Image missing" is usually less promising, but it is important to probe the small |y1μ| region. The mono-photon signature "Image missing" could also probe the compressed mass region M1 ≲ $$ {M}_{\eta^{\pm }} $$

M

η
±

. Masses of charged scalar η± and dark matter N1 can be further extracted by a binned likelihood fit of the dilepton energy.
Semiclassical 3D gravity as an average of large-c CFTs
Authors: Chandra Jeevan , Collier Scott , Hartman Thomas , Maloney Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional CFT dual to a semiclassical theory of gravity in three dimensions must have a large central charge c and a sparse low energy spectrum. This constrains the OPE coefficients and density of states of the CFT via the conformal bootstrap. We define an ensemble of CFT data by averaging over OPE coefficients subject to these bootstrap constraints, and show that calculations in this ensemble reproduce semiclassical 3D gravity. We analyze a wide variety of gravitational solutions, both in pure Einstein gravity and gravity coupled to massive point particles, including Euclidean wormholes with multiple boundaries and higher topology spacetimes with a single boundary. In all cases we find that the on-shell action of gravity agrees with the ensemble-averaged CFT at large c. The one-loop corrections also match in the cases where they have been computed. We also show that the bulk effective theory has random couplings induced by wormholes, providing a controlled, semiclassical realization of the mechanism of Coleman, Giddings, and Strominger.
Resonance mediated by fermions in kink-antikink collisions
Authors: Bazeia Dionisio , Campos João G. F. , Mohammadi Azadeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigate generalizations of the ϕ4 and sine-Gordon models, including interactions with Dirac Fermions. We observe new resonance phenomena by taking the fermion back-reaction into account. First, we show that the vibrational mode responsible for the resonance structure of the ϕ4 model has the same frequency as the energy of the fermion excited state when the back-reaction becomes more significant. Second, we consider the sine-Gordon model with the addition of a fermion field and find that a resonant structure appears, despite the absence of a scalar vibrational mode. The vibrational frequency of the mode responsible for the exchange mechanism is again the energy of the fermion excited state. Therefore, we find a new type of resonant energy exchange mechanism which is mediated by fermions.
Lightweight deep learning methods for panoramic dental X-ray image segmentation
Authors: Lin Songyue , Hao Xuejiang , Liu Yan , Yan Dong , Liu Jianwei , Zhong Mingjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDental X-ray image segmentation is helpful for assisting clinicians to examine tooth conditions and identify dental diseases. Fast and lightweight segmentation algorithms without using cloud computing may be required to be implemented in X-ray imaging systems. This paper aims to investigate lightweight deep learning methods for dental X-ray image segmentation for the purpose of deployment on edge devices, such as dental X-ray imaging systems. A novel lightweight neural network scheme using knowledge distillation is proposed in this paper. The proposed lightweight method and a number of existing lightweight deep learning methods were trained on a panoramic dental X-ray image data set. These lightweight methods were evaluated and compared by using several accuracy metrics. The proposed lightweight method only requires 0.33 million parameters ($$\sim 7.5$$

∼
7.5

megabytes) for the trained model, while it achieved the best performance in terms of IoU (0.804) and Dice (0.89) comparing to other lightweight methods. This work shows that the proposed method for dental X-ray image segmentation requires small memory storage, while it achieved comparative performance. The method could be deployed on edge devices and could potentially assist clinicians to alleviate their daily workflow and improve the quality of their analysis.
Deep attenuation transducer to measure liver stiffness in obese patients with liver disease
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Yoshiko , Yano Ryo , Hirooka Kana , Morita Makoto , Imai Yusuke , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Deep attenuation transducers (DAX) are capable of imaging at diagnostic depths of up to 40 cm. The feasibility of DAX for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has not been reported clinically. We aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of DAX for LSM.

Methods
Overall, 219 patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled. The success rate (acquired after ≥ 10 valid measurements) and inadequate measurements (interquartile range/median ≥ 0.3) for DAX were compared with those of conventional convex (c-convex) probes and M and XL probes of vibration-controlled transient elastography.

Results
LSM was successfully performed for all patients using DAX through all degrees of skin-to-liver capsular distance (SCD). Especially in patients with an SCD ≥ 30 mm, the difference in the rate of acquisition of 10 valid measurements was remarkable: M probe (8/33, 24.2%), XL probe (26/33, 78.8%), c-convex probe (33/43, 76.7%), and DAX (44/44, 100%). In patients with an SCD ≥ 30 mm, the inadequate measurement rate of M probe (1/8, 12.5%), XL probe (8/26, 30.8%), and c-convex probe (6/33, 18.2%) was higher than that of DAX (1/43, 2.3%). The areas under the curve for diagnosis of F4 with shear wave speed by c-convex and DAX were 0.916 and 0.918, respectively. Between DAX and c-convex probes, the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.937 (95% CI 0.918–0.952) was excellent. Bland–Altman plots revealed that there was no statistically significant bias.

Conclusion
Liver stiffness measured by DAX is feasible and reliable for all patient populations, while the XL probe is limited to use in obese patients.
Graph convolutional networks for traffic forecasting with missing values
Authors: Zuo Jingwei , Zeitouni Karine , Taher Yehia , Garcia-Rodriguez Sandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraffic forecasting has attracted widespread attention recently. In reality, traffic data usually contains missing values due to sensor or communication errors. The Spatio-temporal feature in traffic data brings more challenges for processing such missing values, for which the classic techniques (e.g., data imputations) are limited: (1) in temporal axis, the values can be randomly or consecutively missing; (2) in spatial axis, the missing values can happen on one single sensor or on multiple sensors simultaneously. Recent models powered by Graph Neural Networks achieved satisfying performance on traffic forecasting tasks. However, few of them are applicable to such a complex missing-value context. To this end, we propose GCN-M, a Graph Convolutional Network model with the ability to handle the complex missing values in the Spatio-temporal context. Particularly, we jointly model the missing value processing and traffic forecasting tasks, considering both local Spatio-temporal features and global historical patterns in an attention-based memory network. We propose as well a dynamic graph learning module based on the learned local-global features. The experimental results on real-life datasets show the reliability of our proposed method.
Is the Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics ψ-Ontic or ψ-Epistemic?
Authors: Hubert Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ontological models framework distinguishes ψ-ontic from ψ-epistemic wave-functions. It is, in general, quite straightforward to categorize the wave-function of a certain quantum theory. Nevertheless, there has been a debate about the ontological status of the wave-function in the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics: is it ψ-epistemic and incomplete or ψ-ontic and complete? I will argue that the wave-function in this interpretation is best regarded as ψ-ontic and incomplete.
Correlation between the DNJ content and genetic diversity of SSR markers of 36 mulberry (Morus spp.) germplasm resources
Authors: Guiping Hu , Xiang Cai , Hongmei Cao , Guobiao Zhang , Feng Wang , Chuan Ye 
Published: December 2022

Abstract1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has certain medicinal value in lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, antiviral and anti-tumor, and Mulberry is one of known species with the highest DNJ content. To take full advantage of medicinal benefits of mulberry, the internal relationships of the genetic diversity of SSR markers and DNJ content was assessed in this study, so as to provide the basis for the exploitation and breeding of mulberry resources with high DNJ content. The results showed that the DNJ content in the leaves of the 36 mulberry germplasm resources varied significantly, with the mean value of 1.2794 mg/g, the amplitude of 1.03–1.61 g/g, and the coefficient of variation of 0.1276. Polymorphism was found in by 5 pairs of SSR primers from 36 mulberry germplasm resources, and a total of 32 genotypes were deteced. The mean allele number was 3.8, the mean heterozygosity was 0.62, the polymorphic information content of 0.61. Cluster analysis based on the genetic distance of SSR markers showed that the tested 36 mulberry germplasm resources could be divided into 3 class, and the analysis based on DNJ content showed that they could be divided into 2 clades. Comparison of the two cluster analyses displayed that the DNJ content in mulberry germplasm resources of the same group was similar. The above results revealed that the genetic diversity of SSR markers was similar to the genetic diversity of DNJ content in mulberry leaf.
Potentials of Collaborative Educational Welfare Research - Theorizing Voice Plurality and Social Empowerment
Authors: Smeplass Eli , Cecilia Rapp Anna , Sperling Katarina , Akse Jannicke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildhood marginalization is the result of complicated processes that appears difficult to address for policymakers worldwide. Neo-institutional theory enables studies of the complexity of educational organizations, showing how they evolve in responses to their contradictory surroundings and generate unintended social inequality. Three Nordic municipalities are currently participating in a project that focuses on the increasing polarization between exposed and privileged schools in urban areas and on the significance of institutional and organizational factors in their local welfare models in ensuring childhood equity. The project we report on combines data in contrasting urban school areas. After showing some examples of voices in the project, the authors discuss how municipal actors are informed about social problems in school organizations yet lack research-based tools to counteract social inequality in education. They theorize how collaboration between researchers and welfare providers can contribute to counteract social inequality. Lessons from the project indicate a need for further collaboration between different stakeholders that includes different voices to ensure that research on childhood inequality is relevant and has an impact.
Neural manifold analysis of brain circuit dynamics in health and disease
Authors: Mitchell-Heggs Rufus , Prado Seigfred , Gava Giuseppe P. , Go Mary Ann , Schultz Simon R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent developments in experimental neuroscience make it possible to simultaneously record the activity of thousands of neurons. However, the development of analysis approaches for such large-scale neural recordings have been slower than those applicable to single-cell experiments. One approach that has gained recent popularity is neural manifold learning. This approach takes advantage of the fact that often, even though neural datasets may be very high dimensional, the dynamics of neural activity tends to traverse a much lower-dimensional space. The topological structures formed by these low-dimensional neural subspaces are referred to as “neural manifolds”, and may potentially provide insight linking neural circuit dynamics with cognitive function and behavioral performance. In this paper we review a number of linear and non-linear approaches to neural manifold learning, including principal component analysis (PCA), multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), Isomap, locally linear embedding (LLE), Laplacian eigenmaps (LEM), t-SNE, and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). We outline these methods under a common mathematical nomenclature, and compare their advantages and disadvantages with respect to their use for neural data analysis. We apply them to a number of datasets from published literature, comparing the manifolds that result from their application to hippocampal place cells, motor cortical neurons during a reaching task, and prefrontal cortical neurons during a multi-behavior task. We find that in many circumstances linear algorithms produce similar results to non-linear methods, although in particular cases where the behavioral complexity is greater, non-linear methods tend to find lower-dimensional manifolds, at the possible expense of interpretability. We demonstrate that these methods are applicable to the study of neurological disorders through simulation of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease, and speculate that neural manifold analysis may help us to understand the circuit-level consequences of molecular and cellular neuropathology.
Profiles of Emotional Separation and Parental Trust from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: Age Differences and Associations with Identity and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Sugimura Kazumi , Hihara Shogo , Hatano Kai , Nakama Reiko , Saiga Satoko , Tsuzuki Manabu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractYouth become psychologically independent by emotionally separating from their parents and simultaneously developing a sense of trust in them. While these relational components have been addressed separately, studies focusing on the change in dynamics of these components are lacking. This study examined profiles of parent–youth relationship quality based on emotional separation and parental trust, age differences in the prevalence of these profiles, and age differences in the associations between the profiles, identity, and life satisfaction. Participants included 14,428 youth living in Japan from five age groups (44.8% girls/women; Mage = 20.6 years; range = 12–25 years). Six profiles were identified: healthy–independent, unhealthy–independent, balanced, moderate/ambivalent, connected, and distant. The connected profile was predominant among early adolescents, while the healthy–independent profile was predominant among late adolescents and early and middle emerging adults. Among all age groups, identity synthesis was the highest in the healthy–independent profile, and life satisfaction was the highest and identity confusion was the lowest in the healthy–independent and connected profiles. These findings indicate that young people navigate the process of becoming independent from their parents by balancing emotional separation and parental trust, and this balance relates to identity development and life satisfaction.
Hear No Sievers, See No Sievers: Metrics and the Eddic Commentary Tradition
Authors: Males Mikael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores a gradual shift towards metrical and linguistic imprecision in the four major commentaries on the Old Norse Eddic poems produced from the 1930s to today. This trend both affects and reflects the state of Eddic scholarship at large. Many scholars today do not avail themselves of metrical and linguistic criteria in the dating and textual restitution of Eddic poems but approach these issues either with agnosticism or by presenting vague arguments in favour of particular dates or variants. During the last three decades, however, testing along many parameters has placed the essentials of Eduard Sievers’ metrical analysis (1893) beyond reasonable doubt, which means that the gradual abandonment of precise description has taken place in a context where the preconditions for such description were improving. These analytical advances and mainstream Eddic scholarship have yet to meet, and the present article aims to facilitate such a convergence. Furthermore, since the Eddic commentaries will remain indispensable heuristic tools for the foreseeable future, the field of Old Norse philology stands to gain from a concise description of the implicit metrical and linguistic assumptions guiding their analysis.
Material Dependence and Kant’s Refutation of Idealism
Authors: Heidemann Dietmar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper argues that in the Critique of Pure Reason Kant develops two anti-sceptical strategies. In the Fourth Paralogism (CPR A) he believes himself able to refute the sceptic by demonstrating that external perception is immediate. This strategy is rather unconvincing. In the Refutation of Idealism (CPR B) Kant promotes the material dependence of inner sense on outer sense. I show that Kant’s argument for material dependence has been widely overlooked, even though it is the strongest argument against external world scepticism he develops, since it anticipates mental content externalism while preserving transcendental idealism and empirical realism.
Patients’ Perspective in Hereditary Ataxia
Authors: Gorcenco Sorina , Karremo Christin , Puschmann Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHereditary ataxia represents a heterogeneous group of rare disorders with the chronic progression of motor symptoms that often become debilitating. Many forms include additional neurological, cognitive, or other symptoms. Most of these disorders lack specific treatment. We aimed to investigate aspects of patients’ quality of life, experiences, and expectations. Patients with a diagnosis of hereditary ataxia were identified from our center’s diagnostic register, direct referrals, and from a patient organization. We designed a questionnaire with 32 multiple-choice or open-ended questions on disability and impairment of daily life activities, the perceived effect of symptomatic and supportive therapies, coping strategies, and how they used and experienced various sources of information about their neurological disease. We also included the EQ-5D-3L quality-of-life instrument. Results were analyzed statistically for gender, age, and groups with and without a genetic diagnosis, and were compared to published data from the general population. Seventy-five patients returned the questionnaire. Patients reported considerable disease-related disability and impairment and had significantly lower quality-of-life scores than the general population. Physiotherapy and support from family or friends were important for patients’ overall well-being. Patients with a genetic diagnosis had a lower average age at onset and felt more well-informed about their disease than patients without a genetic diagnosis. Patients used internet sources but relied primarily on their doctors to obtain information about their disease. Our study provides insights into hereditary ataxia patients’ experiences that can lead to improvements in medical and nursing care for these patients.