bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards In Vivo Proof-of-Binding of 18F-labeled Inhibitor [18F]TRACK to Peripheral Tropomyosin Receptor Kinases
Authors: Wuest Melinda , Bailey Justin J , Dufour Jennifer , Glubrecht Darryl , Omana Vanessa , Johnston Tom H. , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Schirrmacher Ralf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) are a family of tyrosine kinases primarily expressed in neuronal cells of the brain. Identification of oncogenic alterations in Trk expression as a driver in multiple tumor types has increased interest in their role in human cancers. Recently, first and second generation 11C and 18F-labeled Trk inhibitors e.g.[18F]TRACK have been developed. The goal of the present study was to analyze the direct interaction of [18F]TRACK with peripheral Trk receptors in vivo to prove its specificity for use as a functional imaging probe.
Methods
In vitro uptake and competition experiments were carried out using the colorectal cancer cell line KM12. Dynamic PET experiments were performed with [18F]TRACK, either alone or in the presence of amitriptyline, an activator of Trk, entrectinib, a Trk inhibitor, or unlabeled reference compound TRACK in KM12 tumor bearing athymic nude mice as well as B6129SF2/J and corresponding B6;129S2-Ntrk2tm1Bbd/J mice. Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments were done with KM12 tumors, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and brain tissue samples.
Results
Uptake of [18F]TRACK was increasing over time reaching 208 ± 72% radioactivity per mg protein (n = 6/2) after 60 min incubation time. Entrectinib and TRACK competitively blocked [18F]TRACK uptake in vitro (IC50 30.9 ± 3.6 and 29.4 ± 9.4nM; both n = 6/2). [18F]TRACK showed uptake into KM12 tumors (SUVmean,60min 0.43 ± 0.03; n = 6). Tumor-to-muscle ratio reached 0.9 (60min) and 1.2 (120min). In TrkB expressing BAT [18F]TRACK uptake reached SUVmean,60min 1.32 ± 0.08 (n = 7). Activation of Trk through amitriptyline resulted in a significant increase of KM12 tumor uptake 23% (SUVmean,60min from 0.53 ± 0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.03; n = 6; p < 0.05) and in BAT 21% (SUVmean,60min from 1.32 ± 0.08; n = 5 to 1.59 ± 0.07; n = 6; p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed TrkB > TrkA expression on BAT fat cells, but TrkA > TrkB in whole brain. WB analysis showed 7-fold higher TrkB expression in BAT versus KM12 tumor tissue.
Conclusion
The present data shows that radiotracer [18F]TRACK can target peripheral Trk receptors in human KM12 colon cancer as well as brown adipose tissue as confirmed through in vitro and in vivo blocking experiments. Higher TrkB versus TrkA protein expression was detected in brown adipose tissue of mice confirming a peripheral functional role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adipose tissue.
Green Ammonia: an opportunity towards carbon-free fuel
Authors: ADELI KHAOULA , AHMED SOUILHI , SAIFAOUI DENNOUN , ABDELKADER ALOUANI , ELMOUDEN MAHMOUD 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current energy buzz is all about alternatives-primarily biofuels, and reducing the use of carbon-based fuels and their emissions into the atmosphere is becoming increasingly important. this study presents an analysis of the new system in the development phase. Ammonia is a 100% clean liquid fuel that doesn’t require high pressure or cryogenic storage at room temperature and is comparatively easy to transport and store certainly compared to hydrogen. Our technological option is to replace the direct injection of the heat generated by the ammonia decomposition system in order to operate the engine pistons without having to change the engine components that must come into contact with ammonia, our invention includes an ammonia production unit using the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen under stoichiometric condition’s, it is compressed at a pressure of 200 bars, with a temperature 450°C stored in a stainless steel tank, the ammonia gas flow from the tank into the ammonia cracker, the ammonia molecules each of which contain one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms travel into the cracker system and flow upwards through the cracker chamber as ammonia comes into contact with the catalyst unit with a temperature of order of 900°C , mixture of 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen and heat released by this operation is introduced into the engine. Our invention makes it possible to combat the intermittency of renewable energies without footprint of nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide.
Estimated health-related physical fitness in Taiwan and its implications for body mass index distribution and overweight/obesity risk: Results from the Taiwan Scientific Physical Fitness Testing Program
Authors: Chen Yun-Tsung , Lee Po-Fu , Hung Chang-Tsen , Lin Chi-Fang , Hsu Chen-Te , Lin Yi-Tien , Lin Hsueh-Yi , Ho Chien-Chang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose–response relationship between health-related physical fitness and obesity risk. This study aimed to determine the associations of health-related physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23-64 years in Taiwan.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed the data derived from the Scientific Physical Fitness Testing Program, Sports Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan. Responses from 16,939 participants (7,761 men; 9,178 women) aged 23-64 years from the database were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of health-related physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3-min progressive knee-up and step [3MPKS] test), muscular fitness (hand grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). Anthropometric measurements included body height, weight, and BMI. The quartiles of health-related physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the health-related physical fitness measurements with the BMI distribution and the overweight/obesity risk as well as the dose–response relationship.Results: The 3MPKS test and relative hand grip strength were significantly negatively associated with BMI and overweight/obesity risk with a dose–response relationship in both men and women. However, the sit-and-reach test was partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in adults.Conclusions: Higher levels of the 3MPKS test and relative grip strength were associated with lower BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults.
Deletion of Bak1 alleviates microglial necroptosis and neuroinflammation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Qiu Xiancheng , Tao Qianke , Zhang Lihan , Kuang Chenghao , Xie Yuke , Zhang Lifang , Yin Shigang , Peng Jianhua , Jiang Yong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Microglial necroptosis exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases, central nervous system injury and demonstrates a pro-inflammatory process, but its contribution to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly characterized. BCL-2 homologous antagonist-killer protein (Bak1), a critical regulatory molecule of endogenous apoptosis, can be involved in the pathological process of necroptosis by regulating mitochondrial permeability. Despite its possible significance in microglia necroptosis-mediated inflammation, few studies have investigated Bak1's role in microglia necroptosis regulation.
Methods
In vivo, an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice identified microglia necroptosis and adeno-associated virus targeted interference with microglia Bak1 to determine its effect on neuroinflammation. In vitro knockout of Bak1 in BV2 microglia identified its regulatory role in microglia necroptosis and neuroinflammation, and RNA-Seq clarified the potential downstream regulatory mechanisms.
Results
Microglia undergo necroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and vitro. Knocked-down of Bak1 by adeno-associated virus attenuates microglial necroptosis, alleviates neuroinflammation, and improves neurological function after SAH. Increasing Bak1 expression and mediating BV2 microglia pro-inflammatory phenotype transformation, exacerbating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Abrogating Bak1 reduces necroptosis by downregulating the expression of phosphorylated pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL), then downregulating pro-inflammatory phenotype gene expression. RNA-Seq shows that disrupting BV2 Bak1 downregulates multiple immune and inflammatory pathways and ameliorates cell injury by elevating Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression.
Conclusions
Our finding demonstrated that deletion of bak1 alleviates microglial necroptosis, neuroinflammation and improved neurological functions after SAH, which was, at least in part, mediated by activation of THBS1 signaling pathway. Bak1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of SAH.
Automated external defibrillators and basic life support practices in secondary schools: A nationwide study
Authors: Abela Mark , Grech Victor , Sammut Mark Adrian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
AimCardiac arrest prevention in schools has recently gained momentum. The survival benefit in schools who have access to defibrillators is clear, with far better survival outcomes in children or adults who sustain a cardiac arrest on school grounds. The main objectives of this study were to assess sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) prevention in Maltese schools, specifically the availability of defibrillators and staff competence in delivering resuscitation.Methodology and resultsAn online based questionnaire was distributed to all secondary schools across the Maltese archipelago. Data was collected, tabulated, and analysed using SPSS V.23. Most schools (n=40, 74.1%) completed the questionnaire. Two schools documented a SCA in the past 10 years. 87.5% agreed that SCA prevention is an important health topic. Most have a defibrillator on the premises (n=37, 92.5%). Only 1 defibrillator is usually available (n=27, 75.0%). Despite the majority claiming its ease of accessibility (n=35, 97.2%), most where not available on every floor (n=37, 97.2%). Only a third were close to a sporting facility (n=11, 30.6%). Schools do not organise regular resuscitation courses (n=21, 58.3%), with 8 schools having five or more certified staff members (23.5%). The number of defibrillators did not influence the frequency of CPR courses at school (p=0.607) and there was no association with the number of certified individuals (p=0.860).ConclusionDefibrillators are not readily available at secondary schools and are often installed in low risk areas. Most schools have only one staff member certified in resuscitation. These factors should be addressed with urgency.
Determination of Reference Values for Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Pygoscelid Penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: BAYRAM Latife CAKIR , İSLER Cafer Tayer , EKEBAS Görkem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
According to literature review, this is the first study investigating tear production and intraocular pressure in pygoscelid penguins living in their natural habitat. This study also provides reference values for penguins kept under professional care at zoos and rehabilitation centres. This study aimed to establish normal values for standard ocular tests, including the Schirmer tear test (STT-1) and intraocular pressure test (IOP), for penguins belonging to the genus Pygoscelis (P), namely, the Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins. Ophthalmic measurements were made from the Antarctic. In the left eye of each penguin, the amount of tear production (TP) was determined with the STT-1 and the IOP was measured using a Tonovet® rebound tonometer. No macroscopic findings affecting the eyelids, third eyelid, cornea or anterior eye camera were detected in the eyes of the examined penguins. The mean STT-1 and mean IOP values of 129 and 120 adult penguins were determined as 10.163 ± 4.054 mm/min and 38.852 ± 13.188 mmHg, respectively. A statistical difference at the level of p < 0.001 was determined between the islands for the mean IOP values. While no statistically significant difference was detected between the penguin species for the mean IOP values, between the locations was found to be significant (p < 0.001). Statistical differences at a level of p < 0.05 were determined for the mean TP values between the all locations and for the mean IOP values between the all locations ( p < 0.001) and only Lions Rump - Ardley I (p = 0.023). A statistical difference of p < 0.05 was detected between the chinstrap and gentoo for the mean STT-1 values. This study, which is aimed at reporting the first literature data in this field, has shown the need for further more detailed studies to elucidate the impact of different locations, daily time intervals and seasons on the STT and IOP values of penguins.
Identification of molecular subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by gene expression profiling
Authors: Pingan 张平安 Zhang , Gao Na , Li Xiaoning , Ji Guochao , Wu Jianjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the fourth most lethal disease in the world and is expected to rise to the third most lethal disease in the world after 2030.COPD is complex and has clinical heterogeneity. However, identifying the subgroup characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has become a challenge.Objectives: In order to delay the progress of COPD patients and improve their quality of life, we can find patients with different treatment goals and formulate different targeted treatment schemes by studying the differences between different subgroups.Methods: We obtained the relevant gene chip by searching the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. 151 patients with COPD obtained from GEO database were divided into three subgroups by consensus clustering. In order to study the differential gene expression patterns between different subgroups, five subgroup specific weighted gene coexpression analysis modules were determined by weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA).Results: The characteristics of WGCNA module showed that subjects in subgroup I showed airway remodeling characteristics; Subjects in subgroup II showed metabolic activity; Subjects in subgroup III showed inflammatory characteristics.Conclusions: This study obtained the clinical subgroup classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through consensus clustering, and found that patients in different subgroups may have unique gene expression patterns, which can help researchers explore new treatment strategies for COPD according to the characteristics of clinical subgroups.
Adapter Based Fine-Tuning of Pre-Trained Multilingual Language Models for Code-Mixed and Code-Switched Text Classification
Authors: Rathnayake Himashi , Sumanapala Janani , Rukshani Raveesha , Ranathunga Surangika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Code-mixing and code-switching (CMCS) are frequent features in online conversations. Classification of such text is challenging if one of the languages is low-resourced. Fine-tuning pre-trained multilingual language models (PMLMs) is a promising avenue for code-mixed text classification. In this paper, we explore adapter-based fine-tuning of PMLMs for CMCS text classification. We introduce sequential and parallel stacking of adapters, continuous fine-tuning of adapters, and training adapters without freezing the original model as novel techniques with respect to single-task CMCS text classification. We also present a newly annotated dataset for the classification of Sinhala-English code-mixed and code-switched text data, where Sinhala is a low-resourced language. Our dataset of 10000 user comments has been manually annotated for five classification tasks: sentiment analysis, humor detection, hate speech detection, language identification, and aspects identification, thus making it the first publicly available Sinhala-English CMCS dataset with the largest number of annotation types. In addition to this dataset, we also carried out experiments on our proposed techniques with Kannada-English and Hindi-English datasets. These experiments confirm that our adapter-based PMLM fine-tuning techniques outperform, or are on par with the basic fine-tuning of PMLM models.
Risk factors of pelvic floor muscle strength in south Chinese women: a retrospective study
Authors: Fang Jianqi , Ye Jiajia , Huang Qing , Lin Yang , Weng Yilin , Wang Miao , Chen Yi , Lu Yao , Zhang Ronghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To to evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength using surface electromyography and risk factors of pelvic floor muscle strength in early postpartum period.Methods: This retrospective study included 21302 participants who visited Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from September 2019 to February 2022. All participants were assessed by medical professionals for general information and surface electromyography.Results: Age and neonatal weight showed a negative linear relation with rapid, tonic and endurance contraction (β=-.298, P<0.001; β=-.354, P<0.001; β=-.310, P<0.001, respectively; β=-1.199, P<0.001; β=-.380, P<0.05; β=-.436, P<0.01, respectively). Secundipara had a positive effect on rapid, tonic, and endurance contraction than primipara (β=-.055, P<0.001; β=-.032, P<0.001; β=-.029, P<0.001, respectively). All factors showed even positive values in tertipara (β=-.025, P<0.001; β=-.018, P=0.010; β=-.021, P=0.002, respectively). Contrarily, body mass index, education and Gestational weight gain (endurance contraction only) also showed a positive linear relation with three types of contraction (β=.546, P<0.001; β=.366, P<0.001; β=.309, P<0.001, respectively; β=2.767, P<0.001; β=3.141, P<0.001; β=2.391, P<0.001, respectively; β=0.046, P<0.01). Participants with caesarean section had a positive effect on rapid, tonic, and endurance contraction than participants with non-instrumental vaginal delivery (β=-.292, P<0.001; β=-.305, P<0.001; β=-.324, P<0.001, respectively); episiotomy (β=-.216, P<0.001; β=-.224, P<0.001; β=-.239, P<0.001, respectively); and forceps delivery (β=-.176, P<0.001; β=-.182, P<0.001; β=-.185, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: We found that age, neonatal weight, vaginal delivery, episiotomy, and forceps were risk factors of pelvic floor muscle strength; oppositely, body mass index, parity (≤3) and gestational weight gain had a positive relation with pelvic floor muscle strength.
Remdesivir in combination with immunomodulators improves respiratory status in COVID-19: A retrospective study
Authors: Kojima Yuichi , Nakakubo Sho , Kamada Keisuke , Yamashita Yu , Takei Nozomu , Nakamura Junichi , Matsumoto Munehiro , Horii Hiroshi , Sato Kazuki , Shima Hideki , Suzuki Masaru , Konno Satoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although immunomodulators (tocilizumab or baricitinib) have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the additive effect of remdesivir is unknown. We retrospectively tested the effect of remdesivir in combination with immunomodulators and standard treatments in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted on patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital between April 2020 and September 2021, who were treated with either tocilizumab or baricitinib. The duration to achievement of oxygen-free in both groups was compared, and the effect of remdesivir use on respiratory status was examined through multivariate analysis. The severity of respiratory status in the two groups on day 14 and day 28 was compared. A sensitivity analysis using propensity score was also performed.Results: We enrolled 98 patients who received either tocilizumab or baricitinib. Of these, 72 patients used remdesivir (remdesivir group) and 26 did not (control group). Most cases were severe and treated with concomitant steroids. The remdesivir group had faster recovery of respiratory status compared to the control group (11 days vs. 26 days, P=0.033). Multivariate analysis showed that remdesivir use contributed to shorter time to being oxygen-free (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.17 – 4.46, P=0.016). Age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and time from onset to oxygen administration were independent prognostic factors. The remdesivir group achieved higher rate of oxygen free than the control group at days 14 and 28 after treatment (P=0.033, P=0.003, respectively). The degree of improvement from baseline severity was also higher in the remdesivir group (day 14; P=0.047, day 28; P=0.018). The survival time between two groups was not significantly different (HR = 0.55, 95 %CI 0.10 – 2.99, P=0.49). Similarly, the propensity score-matched patient groups showed the efficacy of remdesivir. Conclusions: Among patients with COVID-19 who used immunomodulator containing tocilizumab or baricitiib, remdesivir contributed to shorter respiratory recovery time and better respiratory status at days 14 and 28. Concomitant use of remdesivir may contribute to improved respiratory status in patients on immunomodulator and standard treatment.
Development of a Public Transport Accessibility Index for Older Commuters: A Time-based Approach
Authors: Fatima Kaniz , Moridpour Sara , Saghapour Tayebeh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of a public transport accessibility index for older travellers using total travel time is not a subject of frequent discussion. This study proposes a Public Transport Accessibility Index (EPTAI) which considers older peoples’ travel time and the populations of the second-smallest statistical areas according to census data. EPTAI identifies the level of access of the elderly to public transport (train, tram and bus) in an urban area. The time-based EPTAI includes different trip purposes, including shopping trips (trips to shopping centres), medical trips (travel to healthcare centres), education trips (travel to education centres) and recreation trips (e.g. restaurants, parks, cafes). The developed index is validated using statistical validation methods, including Pearson Chi-square, Likelihood Ratio, Linear-by-Linear association, Cramer's V, Contingency Coefficient, and Phi. In addition, the performance of the developed index is compared with household survey data and the Public Transport Accessibility Level (PTAL). The results indicate that older adults’ public transport access varies depending on travel time, population density and travel destination. The proposed index can be used for future planning/expansion and modification of public transport networks in urban and regional areas to meet the travel demands of older travellers.