bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adversarial Examples in Image Forensics
Authors: Barni Mauro , Li Wenjie , Tondi Benedetta , Zhang Bowen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe the threats posed by adversarial examples in an image forensic context, highlighting the differences and similarities with respect to other application domains. Particular attention is paid to study the transferability of adversarial examples from a source to a target network and to the creation of attacks suitable to be applied in the physical domain. We also describe some possible countermeasures against adversarial examples and discuss their effectiveness. All the concepts described in the chapter are exemplified with results obtained in some selected image forensics scenarios.
Media Forensics in the Age of Disinformation
Authors: Hendrix Justin , Morozoff Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmpiricism is the notion that knowledge originates from sensory experience. Implicit in this statement is the idea that we can trust our senses. But in today’s world, much of the human experience is mediated through digital technologies. Our sensory experiences can no longer be trusted a priori. The evidence before us—what we see and hear and read—is, more often than not, manipulated.
Sensor Fingerprints: Camera Identification and Beyond
Authors: Kirchner Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvery imaging sensor introduces a certain amount of noise to the images it captures—slight fluctuations in the intensity of individual pixels even when the sensor plane was lit absolutely homogeneously. One of the breakthrough discoveries in multimedia forensics is that photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU), a multiplicative noise component caused by inevitable variations in the manufacturing process of sensor elements, is essentially a sensor fingerprint that can be estimated from and detected in arbitrary images. This chapter reviews the rich body of literature on camera identification from sensor noise fingerprints with an emphasis on still images from digital cameras and the evolving challenges in this domain.
Physical Integrity
Authors: Riess Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysics-based methods anchor the forensic analysis in physical laws of image and video formation. The analysis is typically based on simplifying assumptions to make the forensic analysis tractable. In scenes that satisfy such assumptions, different types of forensic analysis can be performed. The two most widely used applications are the detection of content repurposing and content splicing. Physics-based methods expose such cases with assumptions about the interaction of light and objects, and about the geometric mapping of light and objects onto the image sensor.
Radiotherapy in oligometastatic prostate cancer—a pattern of care survey among members of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)
Authors: Rogowski Paul , Trapp Christian , von Bestenbostel Rieke , Konnerth Dinah , Marschner Sebastian , Schmidt Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Belka Claus , Li Minglun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Due to improved imaging, oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is diagnosed more frequently. Growing evidence shows that patients with a limited number of metastases benefit from primary-directed radiotherapy (PDT) as well as from metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDT). This survey investigates the current treatment practice for OMPC among German-speaking radiation oncologists.

Methods
Members of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie [DEGRO]) were surveyed regarding their current treatment practice via an anonymous online questionnaire sent by email. The survey included six general items and 14 specific items regarding treatment characteristics. Questionnaires with at least 50% of questions completed were considered for further analysis.

Results
A total of 204 responses were received (15% response rate), 167 were considered for further analysis. Most respondents stated to be specialized in treating prostate cancer patients and to treat 10–30 patients with OMPC per annum; 97% considered PSMA-PET/CT necessary to define oligometastatic disease. Opinions differed regarding the use of systemic therapies: 63% of the respondents aimed to defer systemic therapy using radiotherapy in OMPC, whereas 37% considered systemic therapy necessary. In the setting of synchronous OMPC, 97% recommended PDT with or without a combination of MDT and/or systemic therapy. For metachronous nodal or bone oligometastatic recurrence, 98 and 99%, respectively, would opt for MDT. The majority would combine MDT with systemic therapy in patients with metachronous oligorecurrence. Respondents recommended normofractionation, hypofractionation, and SBRT for lymph node metastases in 49, 27, and 24%, respectively. No consensus existed regarding the field size for MDT of lymph node metastases. Most respondents preferred > 5 fractions for treatment of bone metastases.

Conclusion
Local radiotherapy for PDT and MDT is routinely used among respondents of this survey, representing 12% of all German-speaking radiation oncologists. The timing of systemic therapy, fractionation schedules, and field sizes are handled differently and remain an area of active investigation.
Fallbericht zum traumatischen Totalabriss der Trachea vom Kehlkopf mit positivem Ausgang
Authors: Kisser Ulrich , Pabst Friedemann , Bartel Sylva , Schramm Dominik , Glien Alexander , Plontke Stefan K. , Ebert Daniel , Wittlinger Jan 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese
Eine 21-jährige Patientin erlitt im Rahmen eines Unfalls ein schweres Strangulationstrauma. Stridor und Dyspnoe setzten erst mit Verzögerung ein und führten zur Notfallintubation.

Befund
Im Rahmen der klinischen Untersuchung zeigten sich Strangulationsmarken und ein Emphysem der Halsweichteile. Die Computertomographie erhärtete den Verdacht auf einen Abriss der Trachea vom Kehlkopf und ergab eine Fehllage des Beatmungstubus.

Diagnose
Bei der weiteren chirurgischen Exploration zeigte sich eine komplette laryngotracheale (krikotracheale) Separation.

Therapie und Verlauf
Nach initialer Nottracheotomie wurden in einem zweizeitigen operativen Verfahren die krikotracheale Reanastomosierung und die Retracheostomie durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung
Laryngotracheale Separationen stellen den höchsten Schweregrad der Kehlkopfverletzungen dar und sind mit einer hohen Mortalität behaftet. Im geschilderten Fall überlebte die Patientin und konnte, trotz beidseitiger Rekurrensparese, dekanüliert entlassen werden.
Ethical aspects of AI robots for agri-food; a relational approach based on four case studies
Authors: van der Burg Simone , Giesbers Else , Bogaardt Marc-Jeroen , Ouweltjes Wijbrand , Lokhorst Kees 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThese last years, the development of AI robots for agriculture, livestock farming and food processing industries is rapidly increasing. These robots are expected to help produce and deliver food more efficiently for a growing human population, but they also raise societal and ethical questions. As the type of questions raised by these AI robots in society have been rarely empirically explored, we engaged in four case studies focussing on four types of AI robots for agri-food ‘in the making’: manure collectors, weeding robots, harvesting robots and food processing robots which select and package fruits, vegetables and meats. Based on qualitative interviews with 33 experts engaged in the development or implementation of these four types of robots, this article provides a broad and varied exploration of the values that play a role in their evaluation and the ethical questions that they raise. Compared to the recently published literature reviews mapping the ethical questions related to AI robots in agri-food, we conclude that stakeholders in our case studies primarily adopt a relational perspective to the value of AI robots and to finding a solution to the ethical questions. Building on our findings we suggest it is best to seek a distribution of tasks between human beings and robots in agri-food, which helps to realize the most acceptable, good or just collaboration between them in food production or processing that contributes to realizing societal goals and help to respond to the 21 century challenges.
The efficacy of botulinum toxin a injections in pelvic floor muscles in chronic pelvic pain patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Spruijt Melle A. , Klerkx Wenche M. , Kelder Johannes C. , Kluivers Kirsten B. , Kerkhof Manon H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common multifactorial condition affecting 6 to 27% of women aged 18–50 years worldwide. This study was conducted to review and meta-analyse the current literature on the reduction of chronic pelvic pain after botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection.

Method
In July 2021 we performed a systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE to assess the benefits of BTA injection in pelvic floor muscles in women with chronic pelvic pain. Primary outcome was reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) after treatment. Secondary outcomes evaluated were: reduction of dyspareunia, pelvic floor resting pressure and quality of life. Identified reports were assessed on quality of reporting and risk of bias. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to combine and analyse outcomes of the included studies.

Results
Eight studies with 289 participants were considered eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. After recalculating SMD into VAS scores (0–100), long-term follow-up (24–26 weeks) showed a significant 15-point improvement in VAS scores (95% CI: 8.8–21.5) for non-menstrual pelvic pain and a 13-point improvement (95% CI: 2.1–24.0) for dyspareunia. BTA injection had a significant effect on pelvic floor resting pressure and quality of life.

Conclusion
There is limited scientific evidence on the effectiveness of BTA injections in pelvic floor muscles in women with chronic pelvic pain. The available studies show that BTA injections significantly reduce pain levels and improve quality of life at 6 months follow-up.

Prospero ID
CRD42018105204.
Stability of mixed FEMs for non-selfadjoint indefinite second-order linear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Carstensen C. , Nataraj Neela , Pani Amiya K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor a well-posed non-selfadjoint indefinite second-order linear elliptic PDE with general coefficients $${\mathbf {A}}, {\mathbf {b}},\gamma $$

A
,
b
,
γ

in $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

and symmetric and uniformly positive definite coefficient matrix $${\mathbf {A}}$$
A
, this paper proves that mixed finite element problems are uniquely solvable and the discrete solutions are uniformly bounded, whenever the underlying shape-regular triangulation is sufficiently fine. This applies to the Raviart-Thomas and Brezzi-Douglas-Marini finite element families of any order and in any space dimension and leads to the best-approximation estimate in $$H({{\,\mathrm{div}\,}})\times L^2$$

H

(

div

)

×

L
2

as well as in in $$L^2\times L^2$$

L
2

×

L
2

up to oscillations. This generalises earlier contributions for piecewise Lipschitz continuous coefficients to $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

coefficients. The compactness argument of Schatz and Wang for the displacement-oriented problem does not apply immediately to the mixed formulation in $$H({{\,\mathrm{div}\,}})\times L^2$$

H

(

div

)

×

L
2

. But it allows the uniform approximation of some $$L^2$$

L
2

contributions and can be combined with a recent $$L^2$$

L
2

best-approximation result from the medius analysis. This technique circumvents any regularity assumption and the application of a Fortin interpolation operator.
Mit Chatbots die finanzielle Allgemeinbildung stärken
Authors: Hundertmark Sophie , Grüter Aeneas , Portmann Edy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie finanzielle Allgemeinbildung (eng. Financial Literacy) wird immer wichtiger und hat immer mehr Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Lage der einzelnen Bürger. Branchenexperten wie auch die allgemeine Bevölkerung sind sich einig, dass Finanzwissen wichtig ist und dennoch gibt es immer noch große Lücken im Bereich des Finanzwissens. In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, die finanzielle Bildung junger Menschen mithilfe eines chatbotbasiertes Wissenstrainings zu verbessern. Studien dazu haben gezeigt, dass Chatbotsequenzen von 5–10 min, die von der Zielgruppe 2‑ bis 3‑mal pro Woche absolviert werden, das Wissen über Finanzthemen verbessern und gleichzeitig von der Zielgruppe als angenehm und teilweise sogar unterhaltsam empfunden werden. Die Tonalität der Chatbots muss dabei an die Zielgruppe angepasst werden. Einfache Sprache, ein bisschen Humor und der Einsatz von Medien werden sehr geschätzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen weiter, dass es den Teilnehmern wichtig ist, während der Trainingseinheiten anonym zu bleiben.
Contrast-enhanced CT techniques and MRI perform equally well in arthritis imaging of the hand: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Ulas Sevtap Tugce , Ziegeler Katharina , Richter Sophia-Theresa , Ohrndorf Sarah , Biesen Robert , Proft Fabian , Poddubnyy Denis , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the performance of dual-energy CT (DECT)-generated iodine maps (iMap) and CT subtraction (CT-S) in the detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, and peritendonitis/paratenonitis compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as standard of reference.

Methods
This IRB-approved prospective study consecutively investigated patients with undifferentiated arthritis. All patients underwent MSUS, MRI and contrast-enhanced DECT of the hand; from the latter conventional CT-S, image-based iMap (iMap-I) and raw data-based iMap (iMap-RD) were reconstructed. CT and MRI datasets were scored for synovitis and tenosynovitis/paratenonitis applying the modified Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score (RAMRIS). Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Non-inferiority was tested using the one-tailed McNemar test. Correlation of sum scores was assessed using Pearson’s test. Interreader reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa.

Results
Overall, 33 patients were included. MSUS was positive for synovitis and tenosynovitis/paratenonitis in 28 patients with a sum score of 6.91. Excellent correlation with MSUS was shown for CT-S (sum score 6.38; r = 0.91), iMap-RD (sum score 9.74; r = 0.82), MRI (sum score 12.70; r = 0.85), and iMap-I (sum score 6.94; r = 0.50). CT-S had the highest diagnostic accuracy of 83%, followed by iMap-I (78%), MRI (75%), and iMap-RD (74%). All modalities showed non-inferiority. Reader agreement was good for CT-S and MRI (κ = 0.62; 0.64) and fair for iMap-RD and iMap-I (κ = 0.31; 0.37).

Conclusion
CT-S and iMap allow highly standardized arthritis imaging and are suitable for clinical practice. MSUS still has the highest availability for arthritis imaging and served as gold standard for this study.

Key Points
• CT subtraction, iodine map with dual-energy CT, and MRI showed non-inferiority to musculoskeletal ultrasound.
• MRI was the most sensitive but least specific imaging technique compared with CT subtraction and dual-energy CT.
• CT subtraction showed the best correlation with musculoskeletal ultrasound.
Environmental, social and reproductive factors influence the risk–reward trade-off in a group-living fish
Authors: Wong Marian Y. L. , Aitken Leigha R. , Beasley Amanda L. , Morris Stephen G. , Scott Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnimals are faced with a fundamental risk-reward trade-off when making decisions about foraging in the presence of predation, yet little is known about how social, reproductive and environmental factors mediate this trade-off. In the marine environment, anemonefishes provide a model system for investigating the determinants of risk–reward trade-offs, because they live in size- and sex-structured groups within protective sea anemones tentacles, yet feed predominantly in the water column where they are at risk of predation. Furthermore, exposure to changing tides means the availability of planktonic food covaries with their risk of predation. Therefore, we examined how tide, sex and status, and the presence of eggs influenced the time that Amphiprion mccullochi spent at different distances from their anemone, a proxy for foraging effort and predation risk. We found that individuals significantly adjusted their time spent far and close to the anemone depending on the tide, status and the presence of eggs, and that these adjustments can be explained in light of threat sensitive behaviour. This study illustrates the relative importance of environmental and social factors on intraspecific variation in foraging and antipredator behaviour and bolsters our understanding of the decision’s individuals make to balance the costs and benefits of foraging over temporal and spatial scales.
Screening programs for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review by the EAU young academic urologists renal cancer working group
Authors: Diana Pietro , Klatte Tobias , Amparore Daniele , Bertolo Riccardo , Carbonara Umberto , Erdem Selcuk , Ingels Alexandre , Kara Onder , Marandino Laura , Marchioni Michele , Muselaers Stijn , Pavan Nicola , Pecoraro Angela , Pecoraro Alessio , Roussel Eduard , Campi Riccardo ,   the European Association of Urology (EAU) Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer group
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review studies focused on screening programs for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide an exhaustive overview on their clinical impact, potential benefits, and harms.

Methods
A systematic review of the recent English-language literature was conducted according to the European Association of Urology guidelines and the PRISMA statement recommendations (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021283136) using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed according to the QUality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.

Results
Overall, nine studies and one clinical trials were included. Eight studies reported results from RCC screening programs involving a total of 159 136 patients and four studies reported screening cost-analysis. The prevalence of RCC ranged between 0.02 and 0.22% and it was associated with the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects; selection of the target population decreased, overall, the screening cost per diagnosis.

Conclusions
Despite an increasing interest in RCC screening programs from patients and clinicians there is a relative lack of studies reporting the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and the optimal modality for RCC screening. Targeting high-risk individuals and/or combining detection of RCC with other health checks represent pragmatic options to improve the cost-effectiveness and reduce the potential harms of RCC screening.
Spatio-temporal analysis and comparison of 3D videos
Authors: Cammarasana Simone , Patanè Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepth sensors of low-cost acquisition devices (e.g. Microsoft Kinect, Asus Xtion) are coming into widespread use; however, 3D acquired data are generally large, heterogeneous, and complex to analyse and interpret. In this context, our overall goal is the analysis of the action of a subject in a 3D video, e.g. the action of a human or the movement of its subparts. To this end, the action classification is achieved through the analysis of the temporal variation of geometric (e.g. centroid path, volume variation, activated voxels) and kinematic (e.g. speed) properties in consecutive frames. Then, these descriptors and the corresponding histograms are used to search a frame in a 3D video and to compare 3D videos. Our approach is applied to 3D videos represented as triangle meshes or point sets, and eventually to an underlying skeleton or to markers (if available). Our tests on the MIT, Berkley, i3DPost, NTU, and DUTH data sets confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach for the analysis and comparison of 3D videos, as well as for action classification.
Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hustad Kristin S. , Ottestad Inger , Olsen Thomas , Sæther Thomas , Ulven Stine M. , Holven Kirsten B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a fish protein supplement made from by-products from production of Atlantic salmon, on blood concentration of micronutrients.

Methods
We conducted an 8-week double-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial. In total, 88 adults were randomised to a salmon fish protein supplement or placebo, and 74 participants were included in the analysis of vitamin D, omega-3, vitamin B12, selenium, folate, zinc, homocysteine and mercury.

Results
During the intervention period, geometric mean (GSD) of serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased from 304 (1.40) to 359 (1.42) pmol/L in the fish protein group (P vs. controls = 0.004) and mean (SD) serum selenium increased from 1.18 (0.22) to 1.30 (0.20) μmol/L (P vs. controls = 0.002). The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status (B12 < 148–221 > pmol/L) decreased from 15.4 to 2.6% in the fish protein group, while increasing from 5.9 to 17.6% in the placebo group (P = 0.045). There was no difference between the groups in serum levels of the other micronutrients measured.

Conclusion
Including a salmon fish protein supplement in the daily diet for 8 weeks, increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations. From a sustainability perspective, by-products with high contents of micronutrients and low contents of contaminants, could be a valuable dietary supplement or food ingredient in populations with suboptimal intake.

Trail Registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03764423) on June 29th 2018.
The CCAS-scale in hereditary ataxias: helpful on the group level, particularly in SCA3, but limited in individual patients
Authors: Thieme Andreas , Faber Jennifer , Sulzer Patricia , Reetz Kathrin , Dogan Imis , Barkhoff Miriam , Krahe Janna , Jacobi Heike , Aktories Julia-Elisabeth , Minnerop Martina , Elben Saskia , van der Veen Raquel , Müller Johanna , Batsikadze Giorgi , Konczak Jürgen , Synofzik Matthis , Roeske Sandra , Timmann Dagmar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
A brief bedside test has recently been introduced by Hoche et al. (Brain, 2018) to screen for the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) in patients with cerebellar disease.

Objective
This multicenter study tested the ability of the CCAS-Scale to diagnose CCAS in individual patients with common forms of hereditary ataxia.

Methods
A German version of the CCAS-Scale was applied in 30 SCA3, 14 SCA6 and 20 FRDA patients, and 64 healthy participants matched for age, sex, and level of education. Based on original cut-off values, the number of failed test items was assessed, and CCAS was considered possible (one failed item), probable (two failed items) or definite (three failed items). In addition a total sum raw score was calculated.

Results
On a group level, failed items were significantly higher and total sum scores were significantly lower in SCA3 patients compared to matched controls. SCA6 and FRDA patients performed numerically below controls, but respective group differences failed to reach significance. The ability of the CCAS-Scale to diagnose CCAS in individual patients was limited to severe cases failing three or more items. Milder cases failing one or two items showed a great overlap with the performance of controls exhibiting a substantial number of false-positive test results. The word fluency test items differentiated best between patients and controls.

Conclusions
As a group, SCA3 patients performed below the level of SCA6 and FRDA patients, possibly reflecting additional cerebral involvement. Moreover, the application of the CCAS-Scale in its present form results in a high number of false-positive test results, that is identifying controls as patients, reducing its usefulness as a screening tool for CCAS in individual patients.