bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bible and Animal Theology
Authors: Clough David L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Attention to the place of animals in the Bible has been significant in provoking new Christian theological understandings of the place of animals. Theologians bringing the question of the animal to biblical texts have found a wide range of resources for discussing Christian belief about animals, with significant implications for Christian ethics. This chapter provides a survey of key themes and texts at the interface between the Bible and animal theology, including biblical understandings of animal life, the relationship between human and nonhuman animals, the place of animals in visions of redemption, and biblical accounts of human responsibilities for other animals.
Key Ingredients for a World Religion
Authors: Van Slyke James , Slone D. Jason 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Imagine you want to start a religion, and you want it to spread widely throughout the world and last for many generations. What would your religion need to be like to have a good chance of success? Is there a recipe of some kind that you could follow? This chapter argues based on insights from cognitive and evolutionary science that contemporary world religions tend to follow the same basic recipe. As with all successful recipes—those that get shared among friends and family, and passed down through generations—the reason some religions have become world religions is that they fit the expectations, biases, and preferences of the human mind, formed through our shared evolutionary heritage. The first ingredient consists of the cognitive foundations of gods and rituals, which refers to the cognitive tendencies that influence the formation and spread of god concepts and rituals. The second ingredient is supernatural monitoring and intuitive morality, which refers to the use of religion as a form of social monitoring and the ways in which religious morality reflects aspects of evolved moral intuitions. The third and final ingredient is mating strategies, in that religion enhances aspects of long-term mating strategies at both the individual and cultural levels.
A Social Justice Perspective on Intellectual Property Protection for Folk Music
Authors: Jamar Steven D. , Mtima Lateef 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this chapter we explore IP protectability of what may be broadly termed “folk music,” though that is a term fraught with ambiguity, from an intellectual property social justice (IP-SJ) framework. Our IP-SJ approach helps illuminate how IP law and administration affect opportunities for access, inclusion, and empowerment through IP endeavor, particularly for traditionally marginalized communities. IP social justice balances claims for protection with other interests and values of society relating to the broad dissemination of ideas and expressive works for the benefit of all including trans-cultural transmission of music. Traditional folk music and, more generally, traditional knowledge and expression (TKE) are not generally protectable by intellectual property (IP) law as it is currently structured. We advocate rethinking and reworking IP protection for musical works, including in particular folk music broadly understood, to provide economic and other benefits to originators and performers of music on terms that balance all interests.
How Not to Avoid the Repugnant Conclusion
Authors: Chang Ruth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines four seemingly promising ways to defuse continua or “spectra” arguments that exploit normative predicates like “better than,” “worse than,” “more choiceworthy,” “preferable to,” “best,” and the like in order to generate puzzles or paradoxes of normativity. The most famous of these arguments is Parfit’s continua argument in population ethics which leads to the Repugnant Conclusion, the claim that a world with a vast number of people with lives barely worth living is better than a world with a large number of people enjoying excellent lives. I argue that we cannot defuse such arguments by appeal to incommensurability, incomparability, indeterminacy, or, indeed, Parfit’s own suggested solution, lexical imprecision. If we are to find a solution to continua arguments, we must look elsewhere.
Loosening the Betterness Ordering of Lives: A Response to Rabinowicz
Authors: Broome John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The betterness ordering of lives is obviously not tight: it is not true of every pair of lives that one is determinately better than the other or else they are determinately equally good. The goodness of a life is a nebulous property. But this obvious fact is rarely recognized in population axiology. This chapter recognizes it. It provides a way of formalizing a loose betterness ordering of goodness for lives and fits it into utilitarian theory that has a neutral range for existence. It asks what difference the looseness of the ordering makes to population axiology and arrives at the answer: not much.
The Person-Based Intuition and the Better Chance Puzzle
Authors: Roberts M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the tensions that arise among three claims regarding the value of existence that seem, on close inspection, highly plausible. The first is (a) that the additional worth-having existence (other things being equal) is not a moral plus; the additional worth-having existence doesn’t (other things being equal) make an outcome, or possible world or possible future morally better. It’s true that (a) seems rooted in what is called the person-affecting intuition, and that intuition has been roundly criticized on grounds of inconsistency and, independently, the Non-Identity Problem. Both objections, however, can be avoided if accept a second claim: (b) that the additional worth-having existence can make a future, not just not morally better, but also morally worse. The third claim is simply (c) that a person’s having a better chance of coming into existence can itself be a moral plus. It can, for example, easily convert a choice that would otherwise be morally wrong into a choice that is morally permissible. But now we are in a bind. For how can (c) a better chance of existence make things morally better when (a) the fact of the worth-having existence doesn’t make things better? Moreover, how can (c) a better chance of existence make things morally better when (b) the fact of the worth-having existence can make things morally worse? The aim of this chapter is to reconcile (c) against both (a) and (b).
Population Overshoot
Authors: Dasgupta Aisha , Dasgupta Partha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Externalities are the unaccounted-for consequences for others of actions taken by one or more persons. They are symptoms of institutional failure, which is why they cannot be eliminated without collective action. When externalities are adverse, the moral directives flowing from them can clash with the exercise of personal rights. In this paper we identify a class of environmental externalities in the contemporary world that accompany procreation. We also identify externalities that are allied to socially embedded preferences for family size. Those preferences can give rise to a heightened demand for children, which exacerbates the adverse environmental externalities present people impose on future generations. Crude but suggestive estimates of the demand humanity currently makes on the biosphere are used to show that adverse environmental externalities accompanying new births are significant. We use data on global economic demography to provide rough estimates of the size of the human population the Earth system can support at a good standard of living. Our analysis, which is designed only to raise questions that have been much neglected in economic demography, allows us to study the sensitivity of sustainable global population to the standard of living.
Creating People and Saving People
Authors: McMahan Jeff 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most people are skeptical of the claim that the expectation that a person would have a life that would be well worth living provides a reason to cause that person to exist. This chapter argues that to cause such a person to exist would be to confer a benefit of a noncomparative kind and that there is a moral reason to bestow benefits of this kind. But this conclusion raises many problems, among which is that it must be determined how the benefits conferred on people by causing them to exist weigh against comparable benefits conferred on existing people. In particular, might the reason to cause people to exist ever outweigh the reason to save the lives of existing people?
Nationalism in Swedish Children’s Film and the Case of Astrid Lindgren
Authors: Åberg Anders Wilhelm 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of Swedish children’s film from the focal point of the national discourse in Sweden. Children’s films in Sweden, especially those with a high audience appeal, tend to be a part of the national discourse and to promote ideas about Sweden and Swedishness, as well as entice pleasurable feelings associated with the Swedish nation and people. In the films based on the work of Astrid Lindgren, this is accomplished through picturesque renditions of a pastoral “patriotic landscape” and thematizing ideas of community in a way that invites the audience to equate, cognitively and emotionally, ideal local communities with the national community. Lindgren’s films are discussed in the context of children’s film in Sweden at large to illustrate an historical arc from future-oriented nation-building to nostalgia.
Nation, Identity, and the Larrikin Streak in Australian Children’s Cinema
Authors: Schober Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter on Australian children’s cinema takes as its starting point a certain anti-authoritarian streak in the national character that has helped define Australia’s identity: the larrikin streak. In analysing this streak across a range of films from the silent to the post-war eras to the Australian film revival of the 1970s and 1980s, the chapter argues that larrikinism—and a larrikin childhood in particular—speaks directly to questions of history, nation and identity. This throws into sharp relief so-called aspects of the Australian character, or mystique—what historian Russell Ward termed the Australian Legend. Combining film history with textual analysis and an analysis of critical and commercial reception, this chapter charts a course for the larrikin children’s film in Australia. The films discussed are The Kid Stakes, Those Terrible Twins, Smiley, Smiley Gets a Gun, Let the Balloon Go, Fatty Finn, and Ginger Meggs.
Unreality, Fantasy, and the Anti-fascist Politics of the Children’s Films of Satyajit Ray
Authors: Banerjee Koel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Satyajit Ray’s Hirak Rajar Deshe (Kingdom of Diamonds, 1980) and explores how the genre of the children’s film responds to its political milieu. Ray had been criticized his contemporaries for not being political enough, and his carefully crafted naturalism was seen as an impediment to politically committed cinema. However, in Hirak Rajar Deshe, Ray deviates from his seamless naturalist style and provides an acerbic critique of the Emergency, which was a period of curtailment of civil liberties imposed by the Indira Gandhi government in India between 1975–1977. The chapter asks how the children’s film genre the enables Ray to mount such a critique of state-sponsored violence that is otherwise thought to be missing from his oeuvre. The chapter argues that the allegorical structure of the film enables it to transcend its own temporal referents to offer a critique of the fascism that we are encountering in our present moment.
Corpus Approaches to Hip-Hop
Authors: Ohriner Mitchell 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As of 2018, hip-hop has overtaken rock music to become the most popular genre on the planet. A steady ascent of hip-hop scholarship has accompanied this rise, although hip-hop continues to be little studied in the music disciplines in general and in corpus studies of music in particular. This chapter summarizes existing approaches to corpus studies of hip-hop. Furthermore, it explores statistically significant differences between corpora that aim to sample the same genre and locates those differences in divergent sampling methods and representational schemes. In two brief concluding analyses, the author shows how corpus studies of hip-hop might be expanded to characterize differences in artists’ expressive practices in general (rather than descriptions of the genre as a whole) and rhythmic microstructure in particular.
All of Our Relations
Authors: Kukutai Tahu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a perspective on what makes Indigenous sociology distinctive, and why it is important. It is less concerned with “speaking back” or “up” to the sociological discipline and canon than with situating Indigenous sociology on its own terms. These terms are inherently relational. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the concept that best embodies relationality is whakapapa. Often used as a synonym for genealogy (a noun), whakapapa is also a verb that means to place in layers. The chapter explores the multiple meanings of whakapapa—and its relevance for relational sociology—in the context of a genealogical project with a hapū (subtribe) that I descend from. The chapter concludes by considering the implications of Indigenous sociology for Western sociology, in particular what it portends for transformation and decolonization.
Indigenous Womxn’s Embodied Theory and Praxis
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne P. , Jacob Michelle M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter starts from the premise that Native womxn are much more than their experiences of settler-colonial violence. The authors draw from Indigenous teachings to assert Indigenous feminist sociology, in which community, leadership, and accountability are fundamental principles. In the chapter, the authors theorize the importance of “auntie-ing” as a form of Native feminist praxis. They discuss critical contemporary examples of Indigenous feminist theory and praxis, informed by movement spaces around issues such as uranium mining, water rights, and gender violence, and in doing so reveal that “auntie-ing” on the front lines builds and maintains networks and values that “make power” beyond a simplified reaction to the violence that is experienced in the settler-colonial present. They extend Michelle Jacob’s concept of “auntie-ing” as a lived methodology in order to highlight its grounded and vital mode of being to a deeper understanding of Native feminism and a radical potential to transform our settler-colonial realities through their direct engagement on intersecting fronts.
Living Whiteness and Indigeneity
Authors: RedCorn Alex 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using Indigenous autoethnography, this chapter works to deepen the conversation about Whiteness and Indigeneity by sharing the perspectives of an Osage (USA) academic who passes for White while moving in and out of Indigenous and White social spaces. Using Osage ribbon work as a framework, this chapter serves as a confrontation of colonial entanglements and encourages readers to engage with the reality that Whiteness, and the associated privileges that come with passing for White, are important dimensions of lived experiences that need more interrogation as it operates at the intersections of Indigeneity. Overall, this chapter serves as a call for future scholarship and practitioner dialogue to acknowledge these realities and engage in the complexity that it represents as we work to deepen our understanding of modern Indigenous lived experiences—entanglements and all.
Capturing Superdiversity in Official Data
Authors: Aspinall Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the capture of superdiversity in one particular set of official data, that is, the recent decennial censuses. First, it provides a review of how superdiversity variables are defined in the wider literature, including attempts to operationalize such variables in measurement studies. It then explores how the census captures these variables, including any advantages and drawbacks. Following a brief consideration of the evidence for growing superdiversity in the British population, the changes to the 2001 and 2011 censuses that have enhanced the capture of superdiversity are discussed. New questions have resulted in a high volume of tables that cover most of the superdiversity variables. In particular, customized census tables have yielded data on three-way contingency tables that contain at least one granular variable, providing a point of access to the intersectional nature of superdiversity. Further “Small Population” tables have provided data for groups that are excluded from standard tabulations by their small group size. How census data have been used to describe and analyze population superdiversity is illustrated by studies of particular communities of descent, attempts to develop a superdiversity index, and the mapping of superdiversity at the small-area level. Finally, the conclusion examines developments that may further enhance the utility of census data in the future for capturing superdiversity.
Artificial Intelligence for Adjudication
Authors: Glaze Kurt , Ho Daniel E. , Ray Gerald K. , Tsang Christine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite widespread skepticism of data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) in adjudication, the Social Security Administration (SSA) pioneered path-breaking AI tools that became embedded in multiple levels of its adjudicatory process. How did this happen? What lessons can we draw from the SSA experience for AI in government? We first discuss how early strategic investments by the SSA in data infrastructure, policy, and personnel laid the groundwork for AI. Second, we document how SSA overcame a wide range of organizational barriers to develop some of the most advanced use cases in adjudication. Third, we spell out important lessons for AI innovation and governance in the public sector. We highlight the importance of leadership to overcome organizational barriers, “blended expertise” spanning technical and domain knowledge, operational data, early piloting, and continuous evaluation. AI should not be conceived of as a one-off IT product, but rather as part of continuous improvement. AI governance is quality assurance.
Moral Expertise
Authors: Driver Julia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of moral expertise and its significance to debates in metaethics and normative ethics. A role for moral expertise in the clinical setting is presented which relies on drawing from considerations cited in moral epistemology work on testimony in favour of moral deference. Moral deference to expert moral testimony is important in certain situations identified in clinical settings, such as situations in which someone has difficulty ascribing fundamentality to any of the values they ascribe to. In high-stakes situations, in conditions of moral uncertainty, the testimony of trusted experts can be very helpful to those wrestling with difficult decisions.
Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good
Authors: Greene Joshua D. , Huang Karen , Bazerman Max 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing principles of a just society. In our experimental research we’ve applied veil-of-ignorance reasoning to more specific moral dilemmas. Here, we summarize our main findings and consider their implications. First, we argue that our findings provide further support for consequentialist approaches to ethics. Second, and more importantly, we argue that veil-of-ignorance reasoning may be a useful and underappreciated tool for thinking about real-world moral problems. We highlight the ability of VOI reasoning to foster more impartial decision-making and promote the greater good across a variety of domains, from the ethics of self-driving cars to healthcare to charitable giving.
Morality and Possibility
Authors: Knobe Joshua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
People’s moral judgments appear to influence their intuitions about freedom, causation, and intentional action. Within existing research, a wide variety of different explanations have been offered for these effects. I argue that a number of apparently unrelated explanations should actually be understood as slightly different variations on the same basic idea. Though these different explanations have been worked out within radically different formal frameworks and might at first appear to be making completely different claims, they can all be seen as ways of spelling out the idea that moral judgments impact people’s intuitions because they have an effect on which possibilities people regard as relevant. Understanding these different explanations as different ways of spelling out the same core idea immediately leads us to an array of important questions about how to understand the relationships between them.
Mens Rea in Moral Judgment and Criminal Law
Authors: Giffin Carly , Lombrozo Tania 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Some actions are both legally and morally blameworthy, some are neither, and still others are one but not the other. One factor that separates actions into these categories is the actor’s mental states: what she knew, intended, foresaw, and so on. Most criminal statutes in the United States place some requirement on the mental states of the accused, from intent at the high end to negligence at the low end. This requirement is referred to as mens rea—Latin for ‘guilty mind’. This chapter explores what legal and moral judgments reveal about the role of mens rea. We review empirical work from moral psychology, with an eye towards normative implications for moral judgment.
Moral Character, Liberal States, and Civic Education
Authors: McTernan Emily 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ensuring a functioning and stable liberal society requires a variety of behaviours and attitudes from individual citizens, from paying taxes to tolerating diversity. Political philosophers largely accept that these cannot be achieved through the arrangement of institutions alone, and so propose the cultivation of civic virtues. Meanwhile, in moral philosophy, much has been written about the challenging implications of psychology for theories of moral virtue. This chapter examines what political philosophers might draw from the findings of psychology. I begin by presenting the challenge from psychology to the traditional model of civic education. However, this chapter’s focus is on what political philosophers have to gain from psychological research: namely, a set of empirically superior alternatives to civic education as usual. I will outline three such alternatives—local traits, situational factors, and social norms—sketching their relative merits and the significant changes to civic education as usual that they would require.
Introduction
Authors: Shackel Paul A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Industrial sites archaeology has, for a long time, memorialized the benefits of industrial capitalism at the expense of those workers who toiled in the factories and mines. Research has often emphasized the great engineering feats of the past, while the history of labour has often been subordinated. By understanding and making the heritage of the working class prominent at industrial sites illuminates the differences between labour and capital in the past. This work can also provide new avenues to understanding inequalities in our contemporary world. The call for labour justice that developed as a result of the Lattimer miners’ strike in northeastern Pennsylvania, USA in 1897 is compared to the recent Marikana miners’ strike in South Africa. Many of the injustices in the mining industry that occurred in the USA and other western nations over a century ago now seems to be exported to developing countries.