bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transfer-learning fault diagnosis method considering nearest neighbor feature constraints
Authors: Zeng Mengjie , Li Shunming , Li Ranran , Li Jiacheng , Xu Kun , Li Xianglian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low diagnostic accuracy of fault diagnosis models due to changes in actual operating conditions, a novel fault diagnosis method based on transfer learning considering nearest neighbor feature constraints is proposed. First, nearest neighbor samples are considered to measure data features. In addition, a nearest neighbor feature constraint strategy is designed to improve the feature extraction performance of the network. Second, a multiple-alignment strategy of nearest neighbor samples is proposed to enhance the domain adaptation performance of the network model utilizing multiple alignments. Then, a loss function dynamic weight strategy is used to improve the convergence of the loss function during model training. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out on the public data set of the Western Reserve University and the private data set. The experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits superior transfer performance with reliability and stability compared to the existing methods.
Wind turbine blade icing detection using a novel bidirectional gated recurrent unit with temporal pattern attention and improved coot optimization algorithm
Authors: Chen Wenhe , Cheng Longsheng , Chang Zhipeng , Wen Buyu , Li Ping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blade icing detection is significant for the safe operation of wind turbines and to reduce power generation losses. Traditional additional sensor methods for monitoring are limited due to the high cost and damage to the original mechanical structure. The deep learning model shows a good performance for icing detection. This paper proposes a temporal pattern attention-based bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU-TPA). This novel deep learning framework incorporates the TPA module into the BiGRU module to determine the relationship between multiple sensors at different time steps, extracting features from the raw sensor data for discrimination. Meanwhile, its hyperparameters are optimized using an improved coot optimization algorithm (ICOOT) to further enhance its recognition performance. To alleviate the severe imbalance in the dataset, adaptive synthesis and the sliding window upsampling method are imported to oversample and sliding window the icing state samples, which belong to the minority class. ICOOT-BiGRU-TPA illustrates its advantages compared with other state-of-the-art baseline methods, widely used optimization algorithms, and attention mechanisms applied to the real icing dataset. The ablation study and sensitivity analysis also demonstrate the performance of crucial components in the proposed model. Furthermore, its feasibility and practicality are demonstrated by real-time icing detection.
Dosimetric impact of intrafraction motion under abdominal compression during MR-guided SBRT for (Peri-) pancreatic tumors
Authors: Grimbergen Guus , Eijkelenkamp Hidde , Heerkens Hanne D , Raaymakers Bas W , Intven Martijn P W , Meijer Gert J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Intrafraction motion is a major concern for the safety and effectiveness of high dose stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the upper abdomen. In this study, the impact of the intrafraction motion on the delivered dose was assessed in a patient group that underwent MR-guided radiotherapy for upper abdominal malignancies with an abdominal corset. Approach. Fast online 2D cine MRI was used to extract tumor motion during beam-on time. These tumor motion profiles were combined with linac log files to reconstruct the delivered dose in 89 fractions of MR-guided SBRT in twenty patients. Aside the measured tumor motion, motion profiles were also simulated for a wide range of respiratory amplitudes and drifts, and their subsequent dosimetric impact was calculated in every fraction. Main results. The average (SD) D
99% of the gross tumor volume (GTV), relative to the planned D
99%, was 0.98 (0.03). The average (SD) relative D
0.5cc
of the duodenum, small bowel and stomach was 0.99 (0.03), 1.00 (0.03), and 0.97 (0.05), respectively. No correlation of respiratory amplitude with dosimetric impact was observed. Fractions with larger baseline drifts generally led to a larger uncertainty of dosimetric impact on the GTV and organs at risk (OAR). The simulations yielded that the delivered dose is highly dependent on the direction of on baseline drift. Especially in anatomies where the OARs are closely abutting the GTV, even modest LR or AP drifts can lead to substantial deviations from the planned dose. Significance. The vast majority of the fractions was only modestly impacted by intrafraction motion, increasing our confidence that MR-guided SBRT with abdominal compression can be safely executed for patients with abdominal tumors, without the use of gating or tracking strategies.
Study of the radiation temperature on ablator by using the shock wave technique
Authors: Li Liling , Ren Guoli , Zhang Huan , Jing Longfei , Peng Xiaoshi , Chen Yaohua , Hu Xin , Zhang Lu , Li Jin , Yang Zhiwen , Hou Lifei , Zhang Wenhai , Cao Hui , Huo Wenyi , Li Hang , Zheng Jianhua , Lin Zhiwei , Shang Wanli , Lan Ke , Kuang Longyu , Yang Jiamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new diagnostic platform for more accurate diagnosis of the peak radiation temperature on ablator has been proposed. A nearly constant radiation temperature was obtained by two laser entrance holes spherical hohlraum. The peak radiation temperature on ablator was determined by the shock wave technique. A high-quality burn-through image of a two-step-shaped Au ablator was obtained in the experiment. The simulated mass ablation rate agrees well with the experimental result, while the peak radiation temperature measured by flat-response x-ray detectors outside the hohlraum was of ∼20 eV’s lower than that obtained by the shock wave technique. This deviation results in ∼20%’s decrease in the mass ablation rate in the simulation. Thus, the new diagnostic platform can provide more accurate peak radiation temperature diagnosis. This can greatly support the inertial confinement fusion ignition target design.
Gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of electromagnetic turbulence in the presence of fast particles and global modes
Authors: Mishchenko A , Bottino A , Hayward-Schneider T , Poli E , Wang X , Kleiber R , Borchardt M , Nührenberg C , Biancalani A , Könies A , Lanti E , Lauber Ph , Hatzky R , Vannini F , Villard L , Widmer F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Global simulations of electromagnetic turbulence in circular-flux-surface tokamak and ASDEX-Upgrade geometry, tearing instabilities and their combination with the electromagnetic turbulence, nonlinear Alfvénic modes in the presence of fast particles and their combination with the electromagnetic turbulence and global electromagnetic turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator geometry are carried out using the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5 (Lanti et al 2020 Comp. Phys. Comm.
251 107072) and EUTERPE (Kornilov et al 2004 Phys. Plasmas
11 3196). Computational feasibility of simulating such complex coupled systems is demonstrated. For simplicity, the reduced mass ratio is used throughout the paper.
Experimental study of the effect of argon on the restrike characteristics of nitrogen arc
Authors: Shao Ke , Sun Su-Rong , Meng Xian , Huang He-Ji , Hu Ya-Hao , Wang Hai-Xing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The arc restrike process is a typical mode of operation within a direct current arc plasma torch. By using a transfer arc device with a planar anode parallel to the gas flow direction, the effect of argon addition on the disappearance of downstream old arc roots, the overall arc downstream movement process and the generation of upstream new arc roots of the nitrogen arc restrike process is experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that for pure nitrogen arc, the restrike frequency is very high and the old arc root disappears very quickly. The addition of argon will significantly decrease the temperature of the arc root and prolong the coexistence time of the old and new arc roots. This phenomenon is caused by the rapid decay of charged particle density in the nitrogen arc, because the recombination process of charged particles in the nitrogen arc is faster than that in the argon arc. The breakdown field strength at the upstream location where the new arc root occurs is calculated by combining the measurements of arc voltage, arc grayscale image and temperature. The results show that as the percentage of argon increases, the boundary layer thickness becomes thinner and the critical electric field strength required for arc breakdown decreases, leading to the generation of new arc roots more likely to occur toward the upstream location. This study improves the understanding of the effect of argon on the nitrogen arc restrike process.
Low-power double-gate MoS2 negative capacitance transistors with near-zero DIBL
Authors: Hu Taiqi , Cheng Tiedong , Lin Yuan , Zhang Tianfu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Negative capacitance (NC) devices hold great promise for improving subthreshold slope (SS). However, the theoretical exploration of the short-channel effect in NC and two-dimensional (2D) materials remains an ongoing challenge in device scaling. The present work demonstrates a double-gate MoS2 negative capacitance field-effect transistor (MoS2 DG-NCFET) with low power and near-zero drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) by exploring its design space considering the impact of various MoS2 layers, with the aid of the developed 2D short-channel model containing the NC effect and numerical simulation. The proposed monolayer MoS2 DG-NCFET model is solved by unifying the long and short channel models coupled with the one-dimensional Landau-Khalatnikov equation. The study indicates that a lower SS, considerable voltage saving (

V

s
a
v
i
n
g

), and even the ability to achieve zero DIBL are seen in monolayer MoS2 devices when compared with those of non-2D MoS2, due to the combination of the atomic-scale thickness of channels and the double-gate structure. This study provides an insight for further reducing the feature size of ultralow power transistors.
Phonon heat capacity and self-heating normal domains in NbTiN nanostrips
Authors: Sidorova M , Semenov A D , Hübers H-W , Gyger S , Steinhauer S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Self-heating normal domains in thin superconducting NbTiN nanostrips with the granular structure were characterized via steady-state hysteretic current–voltage characteristics measured at different substrate temperatures. The temperature dependence and the magnitude of the current, which sustains a domain in equilibrium at different voltages, can only be explained with a phonon heat capacity noticeably less than expected for 3D Debye phonons. This reduced heat capacity coincides with the value obtained earlier from magnetoconductance and photoresponse studies of the same films. The rate of heat flow from electrons at a temperature

T

e

to phonons in the substrate at a temperature

T

B

is proportional to

(

T

e

p

−

T

B

p

)

with the exponent p ≈ 3, which differs from the exponents for heat flows mediated by the electron–phonon interaction or by escaping of 3D Debye phonons via the film/substrate interface. We attribute both findings to the effect of grains on the phonon spectrum of thin NbTiN films. Our findings are significant for understanding the thermal transport in superconducting devices exploiting thin granular films.
Electron capture and β-decay rates for nuclei with A = 65–80
Authors: Ullah Asim , Nabi Jameel-Un 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently a list of top 50 most important electron capture (ec) and β-decay (bd) nuclei, averaged throughout the stellar trajectory for 0.500 > Y

e
> 0.400, was published. The current study presents the calculation of ec and bd rates, from the published list with A = 65–80, on a detailed temperature-density grid. The ec and bd rates were calculated using the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation model (pn-QRPA). Our calculation did not employ the Brink-Axel hypothesis. A systematic comparison of the current calculation with the previous pn-QRPA and independent particle model (IPM) results is presented for the first time. The reported ec rates are almost the same when compared with the previous pn-QRPA calculation. On the other hand, the reported bd rates are generally smaller up to an order of magnitude. Comparison with IPM results show that our calculated rates are bigger, by two orders of magnitude. The current calculation may contribute to a more realistic simulation of late phases of stellar evolution and modeling of x-ray bursts.
Neutrino point source searches for dark matter spikes
Authors: Freese Katherine , Galstyan Irina , Sandick Pearl , Stengel Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Any dark matter spikes surrounding black holes in our Galaxy are sites of significant dark matter annihilation, leading to a potentially detectable neutrino signal. In this paper we examine 10 - 105
M
⊙ black holes associated with dark matter spikes that formed in early minihalos and still exist in our Milky Way Galaxy today, in light of neutrino data from the ANTARES [1] and IceCube [2] detectors. In various regions of the sky, we determine the minimum distance away from the solar system that a dark matter spike must be in order to have not been detected as a neutrino point source for a variety of representative dark matter annihilation channels. Given these constraints on the distribution of dark matter spikes in the Galaxy, we place significant limits on the formation of the first generation of stars in early minihalos — stronger than previous limits from gamma-ray searches in Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope data. The larger black holes considered in this paper may arise as the remnants of Dark Stars after the dark matter fuel is exhausted; thus neutrino observations may be used to constrain the properties of Dark Stars. The limits are particularly strong for heavier WIMPs. For WIMP masses ∼ 5TeV, we show that ≲ 10 % of minihalos can host first stars that collapse into BHs larger than 103
M
⊙.
Timing and multi-channel:
novel method for determining the neutrino mass ordering from supernovae
Authors: Brdar Vedran , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the few remaining unknowns in the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation paradigm is the ordering of neutrino masses. In this work we propose a novel method for determining neutrino mass ordering using the time information on early supernova neutrino events. In a core-collapse supernova, neutrinos are produced earlier than antineutrinos and, depending on the mass ordering which affects the adiabatic flavor evolution, may cause earlier observable signals in νe
detection channels than in others. Hence, the time differences are sensitive to the mass ordering. We find that using the time information on the detection of the first galactic supernova events at future detectors like DUNE, JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande, the mass ordering can already be determined at
∼ 2σ CL, while 𝒪(10) events suffice for the discovery. Our method does not require high statistics and could be used within the supernova early warning system (SNEWS) which will have access to the time information on early supernova neutrino events recorded in a number of detectors. The method proposed in this paper also implies a crucial interplay between the mass ordering and the triangulation method for locating supernovae.
The tunneling wavefunction in Kantowski-Sachs quantum cosmology
Authors: Fanaras Georgios , Vilenkin Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We use a path-integral approach to study the tunneling wave function in quantum cosmology with spatial topology S
1 × S
2 and positive cosmological constant (the Kantowski-Sachs model). If the initial scale factors of both S
1 and S
2 are set equal to zero, the wave function describes (semiclassically) a universe originating at a singularity. This may be interpreted as indicating that an S
1 × S
2 universe cannot nucleate out of nothing in a non-singular way. Here we explore an alternative suggestion by Halliwell and Louko that creation from nothing corresponds in this model to setting the initial volume to zero. We find that the only acceptable version of this proposal is to fix the radius of S
1 to zero, supplementing this with the condition of smooth closure (absence of a conical singularity). The resulting wave function predicts an inflating universe of high anisotropy, which however becomes locally isotropic at late times. Unlike the de Sitter model, the total nucleation probability is not exponentially suppressed, unless a Gauss-Bonnet term is added to the action.
Technologies and applications of silicon-based micro-optical electromechanical systems: A brief review
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Zhang Yongyue , Hong Xiaorong , Li Jiafang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Micro-optical electromechanical systems (MOEMS) combine the merits of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and micro-optics to enable unique optical functions for a wide range of advanced applications. Using simple external electromechanical control methods, such as electrostatic, magnetic or thermal effects, Si-based MOEMS can achieve precise dynamic optical modulation. In this paper, we will briefly review the technologies and applications of Si-based MOEMS. Their basic working principles, advantages, general materials and micromachining fabrication technologies are introduced concisely, followed by research progress of advanced Si-based MOEMS devices, including micromirrors/micromirror arrays, micro-spectrometers, and optical/photonic switches. Owing to the unique advantages of Si-based MOEMS in spatial light modulation and high-speed signal processing, they have several promising applications in optical communications, digital light processing, and optical sensing. Finally, future research and development prospects of Si-based MOEMS are discussed.
Simulation of MoS2 stacked nanosheet field effect transistor
Authors: Shen Yang , Tian He , Ren Tianling 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides are nowadays appealing to researchers for their excellent electronic properties. Vertical stacked nanosheet FET (NSFET) based on MoS2 are proposed and studied by Poisson equation solver coupled with semi-classical quantum correction model implemented in Sentaurus workbench. It is found that, the 2D stacked NSFET can largely suppress short channel effects with improved subthreshold swing and drain induced barrier lowering, due to the excellent electrostatics of 2D MoS2. In addition, small-signal capacitance is extracted and analyzed. The MoS2 based NSFET shows great potential to enable next generation electronics.
Research on quantum well intermixing of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP semiconductor lasers induced by composited Si–Si3N4 dielectric layer
Authors: He Tianjiang , Liu Suping , Li Wei , Xiong Cong , Lin Nan , Zhong Li , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The optical catastrophic damage that usually occurs at the cavity surface of semiconductor lasers has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of laser output power and long-term reliability. To improve the output power of 680 nm AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well red semiconductor lasers, Si–Si3N4 composited dielectric layers are used to induce its quantum wells to be intermixed at the cavity surface to make a non-absorption window. Si with a thickness of 100 nm and Si3N4 with a thickness of 100 nm were grown on the surface of the epitaxial wafer by magnetron sputtering and PECVD as diffusion source and driving source, respectively. Compared with traditional Si impurity induced quantum well intermixing, this paper realizes the blue shift of 54.8 nm in the nonabsorbent window region at a lower annealing temperature of 600 °C and annealing time of 10 min. Under this annealing condition, the wavelength of the gain luminescence region basically does not shift to short wavelength, and the surface morphology of the whole epitaxial wafer remains fine after annealing. The application of this process condition can reduce the difficulty of production and save cost, which provides an effective method for upcoming fabrication.
A low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode and dual-CDS column-parallel single-slope ADC
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Chen Jie , Kuang Zhangqu , Zhou Li , Chen Ming , Zhang Chengbin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor (CIS) using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode (4T-PPD) and dual correlated double sampling (dual-CDS) column-parallel single-slope ADC. A five-finger shaped pixel layer is proposed to solve image lag caused by low-voltage 4T-PPD. Dual-CDS is used to reduce random noise and the nonuniformity between columns. Dual-mode counting method is proposed to improve circuit robustness. A prototype sensor was fabricated using a 0.11 µm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the lag of the five-finger shaped pixel is reduced by 80% compared with the conventional rectangular pixel, the chip power consumption is only 36 mW, the dynamic range is 67.3 dB, the random noise is only 1.55 e–
rms, and the figure-of-merit is only 1.98 e–·nJ, thus realizing low-power and high-quality imaging.
Interlocked MXene/rGO aerogel with excellent mechanical stability for a health-monitoring device
Authors: Zhao Shufang , Ran Wenhao , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable interest thanks to their unique electronic/physical–chemical characteristics and their potential for use in a large variety of sensing applications. However, few-layered nanosheets tend to agglomerate owing to van der Waals forces, which obstruct internal nanoscale transport channels, resulting in low electrochemical activity and restricting their use for sensing purposes. Here, a hybrid MXene/rGO aerogel with a three-dimensional (3D) interlocked network was fabricated via a freeze-drying method. The porous MXene/rGO aerogel has a lightweight and hierarchical porous architecture, which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking. Additionally, a flexible pressure sensor that uses the aerogel as the sensitive layer has a wide response range of approximately 0–40 kPa and a considerable response within this range, averaging approximately 61.49 kPa–1. The excellent sensing performance endows it with a broad range of applications, including human-computer interfaces and human health monitoring.