bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Markers in Human Neural Progenitor Cell Line Short-Term Lineage Differentiation
Authors: Yu Chieh , Peall Ian W , Pham Son H , Nguyen Duy LB , Griffiths Lyn R , Okolicsanyi Rachel K , Haupt Larisa M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are major constituents of the neuronal niche and have been demonstrated to be expressed in the developing brain and to contribute to multiple aspects of neurogenesis, including neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and synaptogenesis. However, their roles in human stem cell neural differentiation are still under exploration. This study utilised three human cell lines, first expanded under basal culture conditions then differentiated towards neuronal (SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells), astrocyte (ReNcell CX human neural progenitor cells) and mixed neural cultures (ReNcell VM human neural progenitor cells). The cells were characterised in basal and differentiated states for calcium signalling activity and via Q-PCR, Western Blotting, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analyses. The results showed that the HSPG core protein and heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis enzyme profiles differed between the different neural lineage cultures, as well as demonstrated distinct correlations with neural specific lineage markers. Surface-bound glypican-1 (GPC1), GPC2, and GPC4 were found to be associated with neuronal lineage differentiation while GPC6 and syndecan-3 (SDC3) were observed to be upregulated in astrocyte differentiation. Modulation of ReNcell VM mixed neural cultures with HS-binding neuroregulatory growth factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced cultures suppressed glial lineage differentiation potential while modifying HS chain sulfation. Overall, the findings from this study provide evidence of HSPGs and HS GAGs as key regulators of human neural lineage differentiation and specification and targeting these HSPGs may allow for the better isolation of human neural lineage specific cell populations.
Fusion of Multi-level Granular Data using Evidence Theory
Authors: Reformat Marek Z. , Yager Ronald R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complex systems are often composed of multiple subsystems arranged in a multi-level hierarchical structure. Therefore, dedicated methods suitable for determining the local states of such arranged components and the global state of the system are important. Subsystems’ dependence on each other and unreliable inputs make forming definitions of the subsystems’ states challenging. As a result, the state descriptions could contain imprecise terms expressed as data granules. Moreover, the granules ’conceal’ partial information and unclar-ity on what values of inputs and states of other subsystems are required to determine the local and global states of the system. In this paper, we introduce and describe a novel approach to determining states – local and global – of complex multi-component systems of hierarchical architecture. We use elements of Evidence Theory and adopt a newly developed method that satisfies uncertain targets to assess the system’s states. In our case, the uncertain targets are definitions of subsystems’ states. This process is performed in stages following the system’s architecture. The inputs are used at the lowest levels of the hierarchy, and the processing at higher levels uses the results of lower-level computations. Due to the imprecision of inputs and definitions of subsystems’ states, the proposed approach deals with multiple sources of uncertainty in determining the states. The origins of imprecision are categorized into: 1) uncertainty and ambiguity associated with measured quantities as inputs to subsystems, 2) degrees of imprecision in determining states of subsystems calculated based on the states of other subsystems, and 3) imprecision and incomplete knowledge included in the statements defining subsystems’ states.
A novel clinical tool and risk stratification system for predicting the event-free survival of neuroblastoma patients: A TARGET-based study
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Duan Xiaoying , Li Chunyan , Liu Linlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), considered the most common non-intracranial solid tumor in children, accounts for nearly 8% of pediatric malignancies. This study aimed to develop a simple and practical nomogram to predict event-free survival (EFS) in NB patients and establish a new risk stratification system.
Method: In this study, 763 patients primarily diagnosed with neuroblastoma in the TARGET database were included and randomly assigned to a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%) in a 7:3 ratio. First, the independent prognostic factors of EFS for NB patients were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Second, a nomogram was created based on these factors and was validated for calibration capability, discriminative and clinical significance by C-curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, we developed a new risk stratification system for NB patients based on the nomogram.
Result: The univariate Cox analysis demonstrated that NB patients with age at diagnosis > 318 days, INSS stage 4, DNA diploidy, MYCN amplification status, and COG high-risk group had a relatively poor prognosis. However, according to the multivariate Cox regression analysis, only age, INSS stage, and DNA ploidy were independent predictive factors in NB patients regarding EFS, and a nomogram was created based on these factors. The AUC values of the ROC curves for the 3-, 5-, and 10-year EFS of this nomogram were 0.681, 0.706, and 0.720, respectively. Additionally, the AUC values of individual independent prognostic factors of EFS were lower than those of the nomogram, suggesting that our nomogram had higher predictive reliability for prognosis. In addition, a new risk stratification system was developed to better stratify NB patients and provide clinical practitioners with a better reference for clinical decision-making.
Conclusion: NB patients’ EFS could be predicted more accurately and easily through the constructed nomogram and event-occurrence risk stratification system, helping clinicians to better differentiate NB patients and develop individualized treatment plans to maximize patient benefits.
Interrupted time series study for the impact of introduction of day surgery on hospital length of stay and expenses of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Chen Dong-Yao , Wang Jing-Cheng , Bai Dou-Sheng , Xu Gui-Rong , Cai Bin , Wu Wen-Jing , Ke-Hong Yuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the government of China began to emphasize the innovation of medical service mode in recent years and advocate the implementation of day surgery at the national policy level, the given hospital located in Jiangsu province implemented day surgery mode in 2019. This study investigates the impact of introduction of day Surgery on hospital length of stay (LOS) and expenses for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted based on a sample of 5487 patients from January 2017 to May 2022. The factors surveyed included LOS, per capita total hospitalization expenses, expenses for medical service, diagnosis, treatment and medical consumable materials. ITS analysis showed that LOS decreased significantly (P < 0.001), per capita total expenses showed a gradually decreasing trend (P < 0.001), especially the expenses for medical service (P < 0.001) and treatment (P = 0.001) after the implementation. However, the implementation generated little or no impact on decreasing the diagnosis (P = 0.546) and medical consumable material expenses (P = 0.123). The benefits of implementation of day surgery include hospitals and patients, which contributes to the availability of hospital beds, the efficiency of medical services and had a significant effect on the alleviation of patients’ direct and indirect disease burden.
Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface water of Caohai wetland, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Peng Jie , Huang Hetian , xu chan , Li Jun , Lin Shaoxia , Zhao Hua , Yang Hongbo , Guo Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Caohai Wetland is located in a region of karst within the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and serves as an important nature reserve for migratory birds. It is therefore of considerable ecological value in China. The presence and concentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the wetland were unknown prior to this investigation. This study documents the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of 16 PFASs in the Caohai Wetland. The analysis showed that 11 PFASs were widely present in the Caohai Wetland; total concentrations (defined as the concentration of the total of all studied PFASs, ΣPFASs) ranged from 1.78 ng/L to 112.21 ng/L (mean 19.43 ng/L). Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) were the dominant forms in surface water, contributing 48.12%, 14.61%, and 11.59% to the total PFASs burden, respectively. Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B) was also detected frequently and occurred at relatively high concentrations (0.14–1.48 ng/L, mean 0.48 ng/L). In the absence of point sources, high PFASs concentrations occurred inside a nearby town, resulting from anthropogenic activities. Risk assessment revealed that both individual and combined PFASs pose a relatively low risk to aquatic organisms at the present time. However, long-term monitoring of PFASs in the Caohai Wetland is needed given the potential of PFASs to be biomagnified and the extremely important ecological value of the Caohai Wetland.
A Punctuated Equilibrium Analysis of the Climate Evolution of Cenozoic: Hierarchy of Abrupt Transitions
Authors: Rousseau Denis-Didier , Bagniewski Witold , Lucarini Valerio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Earth’s climate has experienced numerous critical transitions during its history, which have often been accompanied by massive and rapid changes in the biosphere. Such transitions are evidenced in various proxy records covering different timescales. The goal is then to identify, date, and rank past critical transitions in terms of importance, thus possibly yielding a more thorough perspective on climatic history. To illustrate such an angle, which inspired the punctuated equilibrium angle on the theory of evolution, we have analyzed 2 key high-resolution datasets: the CENOGRID marine compilation (past 66 Myr), and North Atlantic U1308 record (past 3.3 Myr). By combining recurrence analysis of the individual time series with a multivariate representation of the system based on the theory of the quasi-potential, we identify the key abrupt transitions associated with major regime changes that differentiate various clusters of climate variability. This allows interpreting the time-evolution of the system as a trajectory taking place in a dynamical landscape, whose multiscale features are associated with a hierarchy of tipping points.
Retinal sensitivity and fundus autofluorescence in adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy
Authors: FUJINO RYOSUKE , Inoue Tatsuya , Yanagi Yasuo , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Obata Ryo , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to compare retinal sensitivity (RS) at each stage and to evaluate the relationship between RS and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) pattern in adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD). We retrospectively reviewed 17 eyes of 13 patients with AOFVD. In addition to best-corrected visual acuity (VA), RS within the affected lesion and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were carried out in each participant. All the examined eyes were classified into 4 stages and 3 FAF patterns. RS was superimposed on OCT fundus image and RS within the affected lesion was calculated in each eye. The relationships between visual functions (VA and RS within the affected lesion) and stages and also FAF patterns were analyzed using the linear mixed model. As a result, RS within the affected lesion was significantly associated with FAF pattern, but not with stage. In contrast, VA was correlated with neither stages nor FAF patterns. Our current result suggested that RS within the affected lesion was related to FAF patterns but this was not the case with VA in eyes with AOFVD, demonstrating the usefulness of measuring RS, not only VA, to comprehend the disease status in AOFVD.
Multiparameter mobile blood analyzer for complete blood count utilizing contrast-enhanced defocusing imaging
Authors: Hu Qinglei , Chen Duan , Li Ning , Zeng Shaoqun , Lv Xiaohua , Chen Li , Liu Xiuli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Blood analysis, though complete blood count (CBC), is the most basic medical test for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. However, the need for bulky and expensive laboratory facilities and skilled technicians limits the universal medical practices based on blood analysis outside of well-equipped laboratory environments. Here, we proposed a multiparameter mobile blood analyzer utilizing label-free contrast-enhanced defocusing imaging (CEDI) with the assistance of machine vision for instant and on-site blood analysis. The analyzer using CEDI obtains both the blood cell morphological characteristics and hemoglobin spectrophotometric information for simultaneous five-part white blood cell differential count, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin quantification without the need for sample staining. In addition, we have designed a miniature microscope with a sub-micron spatial resolution of (~0.98 μm), which is quite small, lightweight, and cost-effective for blood imaging. We have shown that our assay can analyze a sample within 10 minutes, using just a drop of fingertip blood (~7 μl) and measurements (30 samples) from the analyzer have strong correlations with clinical reference values (significant level: P < 0.0001). The proposed mobile blood analyzer can help provide universal access to blood analysis and has great potential for integrated surveillance of various epidemic diseases, including coronavirus infection, invermination, and anemia, especially in low-and middle-income countries.
Development of the corpus callosum during normal growth
Authors: Baykal Duygu , Cevirme Yaprak , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Taskapilioglu M Ozgur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
Corpus callosum is the main structure that provides communication between the two brain hemispheres. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the shape of corpus callosum and cranium during growth and to assess their potential clinical implications.
Methods
Cranium and corpus callosum shape data were collected from two-dimensional digital images. Generalized Procrustes analysis was used to obtain mean shapes between consecutive age-groups. Shape deformation of the corpus callosum between consecutive age-groups was evaluated using the thin-plate spline method.
Results
There were significant age-based differences in the shape of carpos callosum and cranium. The most prominent deformation was seen in the posterior midbody (a region of the corpus callosum), while the greatest deformation in the cranium was observed in the biparietal area. There were significant differences in corpus callosum shape between 1- and 2-year age-groups. The diameter of the cranium increased up to the age of 4 years; however, this increase was not uniform, especially in the biparietal areas.
Conclusions
The growth of skull and the development of the corpus callosum are not similar. The development of corpus callosum may be a better indicator of neural development than skull enlargement.
TNFα/TNFR2 axis mediates natural killer cell proliferation by enhancing their glycolytic plasticity
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan , Khan Abrar Ul Haq , Ali Alaa Kassim , Jo Donghyeon , Fong-McMaster Claire , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Wang Lisheng , Sad Subash , Harper Mary-Ellen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are predominant innate lymphocytes that provide the early response during infection. NK cells undergo metabolic switch to fuel augmented proliferation and activation following infection. TNFα is a well-known inflammatory cytokine that enhances NK cell function, however, a mechanism for stimulation is not well established. Here, we demonstrated that upon infection/inflammation, NK cells upregulate the expression of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), which is associated with increased proliferation, metabolic activity and effector function. Notably, IL-18 can induce TNFR2 on NK cells, augmenting their sensitivity towards TNFα. Mechanistically, TNFα-TNFR2 signaling induces CD25 (IL-2Rα) expression on NK cells predominantly by autocrine mode, leading to a metabolic switch towards aerobic glycolysis. Accordingly, genetic ablation of TNFR2 curtails the CD25 upregulation and TNFα-induced glycolysis, leading to impaired NK cell proliferation during MCMV infection in vivo. Collectively, our results delineate the crucial role of the TNFα-TNFR2 axis in NK cells for proliferation, glycolysis, and effector function via CD25 induction.
ADC histogram parameters differentiating atypical from transitional meningiomas: correlation with Ki-67 proliferation index
Authors: Han Tao , Liu Xianwang , Jing Mengyuan , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Bin , Deng Liangna , Zhou Junlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in differentiating atypical meningioma (AtM) from transitional meningioma (TrM) and its correlation with the Ki-67 proliferation index.
Methods: Clinical, imaging, and pathological data of 78 patients with AtM and 80 patients with TrM were retrospectively collected. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated on axial ADC images using MaZda software and histogram parameters (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, 1st percentile (ADCp1), 10th percentile (ADCp10), 50th percentile (ADCp50), 90th percentile (ADCp90), and 99th percentile (ADCp99)) were generated. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in histogram parameters between the two groups; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess diagnostic efficacy in differentiating AtM from TrM preoperatively. The correlation between histogram parameters and Ki-67 proliferation index was analyzed.
Results: All histogram parameters of AtM were lower than those of TrM, and the variance, skewness, kurtosis, ADCp90, and ADCp99 were significantly different (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value of 147.00 × 10 – 3 mm2/s, ADCp99 achieved the best diagnostic performance for distinguishing AtM from TrM: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.764, 58.75%, 82.05%, 70.25%, 77.05%, and 65.98%, respectively. All histogram parameters were negatively correlated with Ki-67 expression (r = -0.012 to -0.293).
Conclusion: ADC histogram analysis is a potential tool for noninvasive differentiation of AtM from TrM preoperatively, and ADC histogram parameters were negatively correlated with the Ki-67 proliferation index.
Genome-wide association mapping in elite winter wheat breeding for yield improvement
Authors: Tyrka Miroslaw , Paweł Krajewski , Tomasz Bednarek Piotr , Kinga Rączka , Tadeusz Drzazga , Przemyslaw Matysik , Róża Martofel , Urszula Woźna-Pawlak , Dorota Jasińska , Małgorzata Niewińska , Bogusława Ługowska , Dominika Ratajczak , Teresa Sikora , Edward Witkowski , Ada Dorczyk , Dorota Tyrka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Increased grain yield (GY) is the primary breeding purpose of wheat. In order to identify the main determinants of grain yield we used Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on 168 elite lines of winter wheat from an ongoing breeding program. Sequencing of Diversity Array Technology fragments (DArTseq) resulted in 19,350 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and Presence Absence Variation (PAV) markers. We identified 15 main regions involving ten wheat chromosomes (1B, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7B) that explain from 7.9 to 20.3% of the variation in grain yield and 13.3% of the yield stability. Loci identified in the reduced genepool are important for wheat improvement using marker assisted selection. We first found marker-trait associations of three genes involved in starch biosynthesis with grain yield. Two starch synthase genes, TraesCS2B03G1238800, TraesCS2D03G1048800, and sucrose synthase (TraesCS3D03G0024300) were located in regions of QGY3, QGY6, and QGY9, respectively. The loci and significantly associated SNP markers found in this study can be used for pyramiding favourable alleles in high-yielding varieties or to improve the accuracy of prediction in genomic selection.
Human Digital Twin: A Survey
Authors: Lin Yujia , Chen Liming , Ali Aftab , Nugent Christopher , Ian Cleland , Li Rongyang , Gao Dazhi , Wang Hang , Wang Yajie , Ning Huansheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Digital twin has recently attracted growing attention, leading to intensive research and applications. Along with this, a new research area, dubbed as "human digital twin" (HDT), has emerged. Similar to the conception of digital twin, HDT is referred to as the replica of a physical-world human in the digital world. Nevertheless, HDT is much more complicated and delicate compared to digital twins of any physical systems and processes, due to humans' dynamic and evolutionary nature, including physical, behavioral, social, physiological, psychological, cognitive, and biological dimensions. Studies on HDT are limited, and the research is still in its infancy. In this paper, we first examine the inception, development, and application of the digital twin concept, providing a context within which we formally define and characterize HDT based on the similarities and differences between digital twin and HDT. Then we conduct an extensive literature review on HDT research, analyzing underpinning technologies and establishing typical frameworks in which the core HDT functions or components are organized. Built upon the findings from the above work, we propose a generic architecture for the HDT system and describe the core function blocks and corresponding technologies. Following this, we present the state of the art of HDT technologies and applications in the healthcare, industry, and daily life domain. Finally, we discuss various issues related to the development of HDT and point out the trends and challenges of future HDT research and development.