bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blind identification of feedback polynomials for synchronous scramblers in a noisy environment
Authors: Ding Yong , Huang Zhiping , Zhou Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates blind identification methods for linear scramblers under non‐cooperative conditions, which are essential for the inverse analysis of communication protocols using scramblers. In this paper, a blind identification scheme for feedback polynomials of synchronous scramblers is proposed. A variable is first proposed that measures the correctness of the test polynomial by using the soft information of the received sequence, then the mean and variance of the variable in different cases are obtained, and finally the optimal threshold value to determine whether the test primitive polynomial is correct or not is obtained. That is, the blind identification problem is transformed into a hypothesis testing problem. The simulations verify that the proposed scheme requires a much smaller scrambled sequence length than existing blind identification schemes. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is more fault tolerant than existing schemes and has a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) gain of at least 3 dB when the intercepted scrambled sequences are of the same length and high identification accuracy is achieved.
YOLOv4‐dense: A smaller and faster YOLOv4 for real‐time edge‐device based object detection in traffic scene
Authors: Jiang Yue , Li Wenjing , Zhang Jun , Li Fang , Wu Zhongcheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEdge‐device‐based object detection is crucial in many real‐world applications, such as self‐driving cars, ADAS, driver behavior analysis. Although deep learning (DL) has become the de‐facto approach for object detection, the limited computing resources of embedded devices and the large model size of current DL‐based methods increase the difficulty of real‐time object detection on edge devices. To overcome these difficulties, in this work a novel YOLOv4‐dense model is proposed to detect objects in an accurate, fast manner, which is built on top of the YOLOv4 framework but with substantial improvements. More specifically, lots of CSP layers are pruned since it will decrease inference speed. And to address the losing small objects problem, a dense block is introduced. In addition, a lightweight two‐stream YOLO head is also designed to further reduce the computational complexity of the model. Experimental results on NVIDIA JETSON TX2 embedded platform demonstrate that YOLOv4‐dense can achieve a higher accuracy, faster speed with smaller model size. For instance, on the KITTI dataset, YOLOv4‐dense obtains 84.3% mAP and 22.6 FPS with only 20.3 M parameters, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art models with comparable parameter budget such as YOLOv3‐tiny, YOLOv4‐tiny, PP‐YOLO‐tiny by a large margin.
A novel decoder based on Bayesian rules for task‐driven object segmentation
Authors: Cai Yuxiang , Yu Yuanlong , Jiang Weijie , Chen Rong , Zheng Weitao , Wu Xi , Su Renjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a challenging problem in computer vision, salient object segmentation has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Though a lot of works based on encoder–decoder have been made, these methods can only recognize and segment one class of objects, but cannot segment the other classes of objects in the same image. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel decoder based on Bayesian rules to perform task‐driven object segmentation, in which a control signal is added to the decoder to determine which class of objects need to be segmented. What's more, a Bayesian rule is established in the decoder, in which the control signal is set as the prior, and the latent features learned in encoder is transferred to the corresponding layer of decoder as observation, thus the posterior probability of each object with respect to the specific‐class can be calculated, and the objects belonging to this class can be segmented. This proposed method is evaluated for task‐driven salient object segmentation on several benchmark datasets, including MS COCO, DUT‐OMRON, ECSSD etc. Experimental results show that the approach tends to segment accurate, detailed, and complete objects, and improves the performance compared with the previous state‐of‐the‐art.
Bistatic noise radar: Demonstration of correlation noise suppression
Authors: Ankel Martin , Jonsson Robert , Bryllert Tomas , Ulander Lars M. H. , Delsing Per 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, spatial separation of the radar transmitter and receiver units is considered, as a means of reducing the masking effect in noise radars. A bistatic radar system is constructed, with emphasis on a lightweight transmitter unit that can be mounted on a commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The system uses pseudo‐random noise, generated digitally at the receiver and transmitter units. Correlation losses, due to non‐linearities in the transmitter and receiver units, are measured to 0.1 dB. This study shows that by separating the transmitter and receiver unit the masking effect is significantly reduced, compared to a monostatic setup. This reduction is enough for the system to detect a slow flying UAV. Thus, bistatic separation should be considered as a practical tool to reduce the masking effect. By processing clutter with an extended CLEAN algorithm, the correlation noise floor is further suppressed.
SIC-POVMs from Stark units: Prime dimensions n2 + 3
Authors: Appleby Marcus , Bengtsson Ingemar , Grassl Markus , Harrison Michael , McConnell Gary 
Published: November 2022

We propose a recipe for constructing a fiducial vector for a symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measure (SIC-POVM) in a complex Hilbert space of dimension of the form d = n2 + 3, focusing on prime dimensions d = p. Such structures are shown to exist in 13 prime dimensions of this kind, the highest being p = 19 603. The real quadratic base field K (in the standard SIC-POVM terminology) attached to such dimensions has fundamental units uK of norm −1. Let ZK denote the ring of integers of K; then, pZK splits into two ideals: p and p′. The initial entry of the fiducial is the square ξ2 of a geometric scaling factor ξ, which lies in one of the fields K(uK). Strikingly, each of the other p − 1 entries of the fiducial vector is a product of ξ and the square root of a Stark unit. These Stark units are obtained via the Stark conjectures from the value at s = 0 of the first derivatives of partial L-functions attached to the characters of the ray class group of ZK with modulus p∞1, where ∞1 is one of the real places of K.
Optimal form of the Kretschmann–Schlingemann–Werner theorem for energy-constrained quantum channels and operations
Authors: Shirokov M. E. 
Published: November 2022

It is proved that the energy-constrained Bures distance between arbitrary infinite-dimensional quantum channels is equal to the operator E-norm distance from any given Stinespring isometry of one channel to the set of all Stinespring isometries of another channel with the same environment. The same result is shown to be valid for arbitrary quantum operations.
Dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy for time-resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions
Authors: Guilherme Buzanich Ana , Cakir C. Tufan , Radtke Martin , Haider M. Bilal , Emmerling Franziska , F. M. de Oliveira Paulo , Michalchuk Adam A. L. 
Published: November 2022

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides a unique, atom-specific tool to probe the electronic structure of solids. By surmounting long-held limitations of powder-based XAS using a dynamically averaged powder in a Resonant Acoustic Mixer (RAM), we demonstrate how time-resolved in situ (TRIS) XAS provides unprecedented detail of mechanochemical synthesis. The use of a custom-designed dispersive XAS (DXAS) setup allows us to increase the time resolution over existing fluorescence measurements from ∼15 min to 2 s for a complete absorption spectrum. Hence, we here establish TRIS-XAS as a viable method for studying mechanochemical reactions and sampling reaction kinetics. The generality of our approach is demonstrated through RAM-induced (i) bottom-up Au nanoparticle mechanosynthesis and (ii) the synthesis of a prototypical metal organic framework, ZIF-8. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach also works with the addition of a stainless steel milling ball, opening the door to using TRIS-DXAS for following conventional ball milling reactions. We expect that our TRIS-DXAS approach will become an essential part of the mechanochemical tool box.
Detections of house mice on Gough Island approach zero within days of aerial baiting
Authors: Samaniego Araceli , Stevens Kim L. , Perold Vonica , Oppel Steffen , McClelland Pete 
Published: November 2022

Context House mice (Mus musculus) on temperate Gough Island (6500 ha) are known for their large size, boldness, and tendency to kill large prey such as albatross chicks and even adults. To remove this threat, a mouse eradication operation was implemented in June–August 2021. How mice react to bait during eradications is not well understood, so we capitalised on this operation and conducted the first study with wild house mice during an actual eradication. Aim To document how rapidly mouse activity declined after application of rodent bait, to improve eradication guidelines. Methods We set up a monthly monitoring regime using 10 trail cameras without lures, active for three nights in various habitats around a research station, because this area supported the highest abundance of mice and was logistically feasible. Monitoring commenced before the mouse eradication operation (January–May 2021), and continued when rodent bait was spread (from June 2021), when mouse activity was monitored for 17 consecutive nights, starting the day before baiting. In addition, an increasing number of cameras (up to 15) associated with lures were set further afield in July–August to detect survivors. Key results In the months before bait application, mean daily mouse activity was 3.2 detections/camera (range: 0–56 detections/camera). Immediately after the first bait application, detection rates declined dramatically, from 9.6 to zero detections/camera per day on Day 4 post-baiting. From 1 week post-baiting, mouse detections were extremely rare on both cameras with and without lures. Our last mouse record, 27 days after the first bait application, may be related to initial rapid bait disappearance. Opportunistic camera traps first detected surviving mice 6 months after the first bait drop. Conclusions The rapid decline in detections suggests that most mice consumed bait as soon as it became available, which is faster than what laboratory trials suggest. Future similar operations can expect that mouse activity will decline sharply within 1 week, although some mice may survive longer. Implications Documenting similar declines in mouse activity using cameras could inform operational decisions such as timing of a second bait application or non-target monitoring on future eradication projects. Cameras, particularly with attractive lures, are an effective addition to the mouse detection toolkit, and facilitated a timely confirmation of eradication outcome.
SMC protein RecN drives RecA filament translocation for in vivo homology search
Authors: Chimthanawala Afroze , Parmar Jyotsana J. , Kumar Sujan , Iyer Krishnan S. , Rao Madan , Badrinarayanan Anjana 
Published: November 2022

While the molecular repertoire of the homologous recombination pathways is well studied, the search mechanism that enables recombination between distant homologous regions is poorly understood. Earlier work suggests that the recombinase RecA, an essential component for homology search, forms an elongated filament, nucleating at the break site. How this RecA structure carries out long-distance search remains unclear. Here, we follow the dynamics of RecA after induction of a single double-strand break on the
Caulobacter
chromosome. We find that the RecA-nucleoprotein filament, once formed, rapidly translocates in a directional manner in the cell, undergoing several pole-to-pole traversals, until homology search is complete. Concomitant with translocation, we observe dynamic variation in the length of the filament. Importantly in vivo, the RecA filament alone is incapable of such long-distance movement; both translocation and associated length variations are contingent on action of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC)-like protein RecN, via its ATPase cycle. In summary, we have uncovered the three key elements of homology search driven by RecN: mobility of a finite segment of RecA, changes in filament length, and ability to conduct multiple pole-to-pole traversals, which together point to an optimal search strategy.
Local atomic-morphology-resolved edge states in twisted bilayer graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Shao Huaihua , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the properties of edge states for a selected (10,1)[(4,3)] twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) nanoribbon with minimal edges but a majority of zigzag edges. By using the tight-binding and Green’s function methods, we find a remarkable rule of a local electronic transfer for the edge states. As the energy away from the Fermi level, the transfer is in the order of convex AB-, concave AB-, concave AA- and convex AA-stacked regions of the ribbon curve edges. We illustrate that this rule comes from the difference in interlayer couplings among the four types of local geometries at edges. Further, an in-plane transverse electric field can rearrange the edge bands and enlarge the energy regimes, leading to the lowest energy states modified from AB-stacked edge states to AA-stacked ones. The realignment of the edge bands results from the interplay between the interlayer coupling and the potential difference induced by the transverse electric field, which results in different bonding and antibonding edge states, i.e. the edge bands. In contrast, the total energy regime of the edge bands remain nearly unchanged under a relative strong off-plane perpendicular electric field, and the typical AA-stacked edge states are still maintained even the rotational symmetry of two layers is broken. Until a sufficiently strong value, the TBG nanoribbon tends to behave as two noninteracting monolayer ribbons except for a band distortion in low-energy regime. The conductance spectra reflects the edge bands well. We also discussed the influence of edge defects in the TBG nanoribbon on transport properties. It is found that the contributed conductance of each type of edge states shows different degrees of suppression for a monatomic vacancy in the corresponding region of edges.
Exact mobility edges in quasiperiodic systems without self-duality
Authors: Cai Xiaoming , Yu Yi-Cong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mobility edge (ME), a critical energy separating localized and extended states in spectrum, is a central concept in understanding localization physics. However, there are few models with exact MEs, and their presences are fragile against perturbations. In the paper, we generalize the Aubry-André-Harper model proposed in (Ganeshan et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett.
114 146601) and recently realized in (An et al 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
126 040603), by introducing a relative phase in the quasiperiodic potential. Applying Avila’s global theory, we analytically compute localization lengths of all single-particle states and determine the exact expression of ME, which both significantly depend on the relative phase. They are verified by numerical simulations, and physical perception of the exact expression is also provided. We show that old exact MEs, guaranteed by the delicate self-duality which is broken by the relative phase, are special ones in a series controlled by the phase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that out of expectation, exact MEs are invariant against a shift in the quasiperiodic potential, although the shift changes the spectrum and localization properties. Finally, we show that the exact ME is related to the one in the dual model which has long-range hoppings.
Online detection of measurement error in three-phase CVT based on equivariant adaptive source separation
Authors: Zhang Mengjuan , Zhang Zhu , Fan Min , Ding Lijian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a key device for signal acquisition in power systems, the capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) has been widely used in high-voltage power grids with a capacity of 110 kV and above. However, the long-term stability of error in its measurements is poor and requires effective detection work. The conventional method of regular offline detection has the problems of power failure and operation difficulty. An online method for identifying errors in measurements of the CVT based on equivariant adaptive source separation is proposed in this paper. Under normal operation, the secondary output information of three-phase CVT is linearly correlated, and equivariant adaptive separation via independence (EASI) is used to analyze the correlation of data matrix. By constructing the main space and residual space, the primary voltage fluctuation is separated from the metering error. According to the separated signal characterizing the measurement error information, the standard quantity is established to realize the online detection of measurement error of three-phase CVT. In view of the non-stationary time-varying characteristics of power system operation, the data model is continuously updated according to successively acquired, which effectively improves the accuracy of the state assessment of the three-phase CVT. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the independent component analysis (ICA), which can well meet the requirements of 0.2-level accuracy and have an evaluable change in amplitude that is better than 0.05%.
Eco-friendly MA3Bi2I9 perovskite thin films based ammonia sensor
Authors: Bhosale M K , Kazi A I , Pawar K K , Shingate R S , Kadam A D , Patil N J , Sheikh Arif D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Organic–inorganic perovskite halides (OIPH) have emerged as a wonder material with growing interest in sensors detecting various toxic gases. However, lead toxicity represents a potential obstacle, and therefore finding lead-free cost-effective compatible materials for gas sensing applications is essential. In this work, methylammonium bismuth iodide i.e. (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MABI) perovskite thin films-based ammonia (NH3) sensor was synthesized using an antisolvent-assisted one-step spin coating method. The MABI sensor shows a linear relationship between the responsivity and concentration of NH3 with excellent reversibility, high gas responsivity, and humidity stability. The MABI thin-film sensor exhibits a maximum gas response of 24%, a short response/recovery time i.e. 0.14 s /8.15 s and good reversibility at 6 ppm of NH3. It was observed that MABI thin films based sensors have excellent ambient stability over a couple of months. This work reveals that it is feasible to design high-performance gas sensors based on environmentally-friendly Bi-based OIPH materials.
Particle-in-cell simulations of the direct-current argon breakdown process in the 10–300 kV range
Authors: Jin Biemeng , Chen Jian , Khrabrov Alexander V , Wang Zhibin , Xu Liang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Direct-current ionization breakdown in argon at very high voltage on the low-pressure branch of the Paschen curve is studied by means of kinetic simulation. The employed particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model tracks the motion of electrons, ions and fast neutral atoms, as well as their collisions with the background gas. Secondary electron emission due to the bombardment by ions and fast atoms, as well as backscattering of different species on the electrode surfaces are also consistently accounted for. To validate the model, we compare the Paschen curve predicted by kinetic simulations against published experimental results as well against the prediction of a reduced (fluid) model. The model is then applied to predict, for the first time, the low-pressure branch of the Paschen curve for argon gas in the 10–300 kiloVolt range of applied voltage. One of the findings is the existence of a turning point on the Paschen curve at

V

b
r

≈
20

k
V

and

p
d

≈
0.08

T
o
r
r

⋅

c
m

, where

V

b
r

is the breakdown voltage and the reduced pressure

p
d

is the product of the gas pressure with the inter-electrode distance. According to our analysis, the presence of the turning point is due to the phenomena of electron and ion runaway in high electric field. We further investigate the role of the heavy species (i.e. ions and fast neutral atoms) in sustaining the Townsend discharge at high voltage and thus setting the breakdown threshold. Specifically, the role of fast atoms is significant over the entire low-pressure branch of the Paschen curve due to their contribution to both ionization and secondary electron emission. Also, the ions, as the precursor for the fast atoms, show an important influence on the latter process. The newly predicted low-pressure branch of the Paschen curve for argon at high voltage should provide an essential reference for the design of high-voltage devices, e.g. circuit breakers in electrical power transmission.
Spatio-temporal profile of atomic oxygen in a 1 kHz repetition atmospheric-pressure plasma jet in He–O2–H2O mixture
Authors: Nakagawa Yusuke , Horibe Hikari , Komuro Atsushi , Ono Ryo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Atomic oxygen (O) is one of the essential reactive species in plasma oxidation processes. We investigated the behavior of atomic oxygen in a 1 kHz-repetition pulsed plasma jet in atmospheric-pressure He/O2/H2O mixture. By two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence, the spatio-temporal profiles of O density were measured under various conditions. In the dry ([H2O]

⩽

100 ppm) condition, the rate of O production did not depend on the [O2] fraction in the range of [O2] = 275–8600 ppm. The analysis of the O-production rate indicates that the atomic oxygen in this plasma jet arises from electron-impact dissociation and quenching of O(1
D), similar to the O-production mechanism in radio-frequency plasma jet. The dependence of O-production in each discharge pulse (Δ[O]) on the discharge energy

E

d

and [O2] in the plasma region at dry condition is formulated as

[
Δ

O

]
(

c

m

−
3

)

/

E

d

(

m
J

)
=

1.3
×

10

15

×

{

1
−
exp
(
−
1.85
×

10

−
17

[

O
2

]
(

cm

-3

)
)

}

. The decay rate of atomic oxygen was not explained by self-recombination or ozone-generation reactions; it was consistent with the reaction rate of O + OH

→

O2 + H at [OH] =

2
×

10

13

cm−3. This result suggests that the small amount of [OH] with 1013 cm−3 density is more responsible for O behavior than [O2] with large fraction of 1015 cm−3. We conducted a chemical reaction simulation considering the measured results of [O] and [OH] production, resulting in good agreement with the spatial distribution of [O]. Chemical reaction analysis revealed that the cyclic reproduction of OH via chain reaction with O and O2 is important, therefore a small amount of OH catalytically consumes atomic oxygen with two-order higher density.