bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress state inhibits exosome secretion of hPDLCs through a specific mechanism mediated by PRMT1
Authors: Chen Ziqi , Lu Miao , Zhang Yanan , Wang He , Zhou Jie , Zhou Mengjiao , Zhang Tingwei , Song Jinlin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeriodontitis, the most common chronic inflammation characterized by persistent alveolar bone resorption in the periodontitis, affects almost half of the adult population worldwide. Oxidative stress is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying periodontitis, which affects the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Exosomes are increasingly recognized as vehicles of intercellular communication and are closely related to periodontitis. However, the effects of oxidative stress on exosome secretion and the specific mechanisms remain elusive in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). The relationship between exosome secretion and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs also needs to be investigated.MethodsIsolated PDLSCs were identified using flow cytometry. Osteogenesis was measured using alizarin red staining and ALP staining. Expression of exosomal markers and PRMT1 was analyzed using western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to measure exosome uptake and the expression of EEA1.ResultsThe secretion capacity of exosomes was markedly suppressed under oxidative stress. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) has been strongly associated with both oxidative stress and inflammation, and PRMT1 was significantly upregulated under oxidative stress conditions. Lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of PRMT1 caused a significant reduction in the secretion of exosomes, but multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing a large number of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) were increased. Rab11a and Rab27a expression, which mediate MVBs fusion with cell membranes, decreased, although this phenomenon was restored after knocking down PRMT1 expression under oxidative stress.ConclusionsThese results indicated that PRMT1 mediated a decrease in exosome secretion of hPDLCs. The decrease in Rab11a and Rab27a leads to a large accumulation of MVBs in cells and is one of the main reasons for impaired exosome secretion. The decrease in osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs caused by H2O2 may originate in part from the inhibition of exosome secretion.
Shine light on sleep: Morning bright light improves nocturnal sleep and next morning alertness among college students
Authors: He Meiheng , Ru Taotao , Li Siyu , Li Yun , Zhou Guofu 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe relationship between daytime light, especially morning light and sleep, has not been well documented. People who work in an office spend most of their time indoors and thus have less access to high‐level daylight. The current study employed a field intervention approach to investigate whether exposure to 1.5 h of bright electric light in the early morning for 1 workweek would benefit sleep among students who spent most of their time in an office at the university. Twelve students (24.92 ± 1.78 years) underwent a 2 workday baseline measurement and two inconsecutive 5 workday interventions (with 1 week washout) with morning bright light and regular office light (1000 lx, 6500 K vs. 300 lx, 4000 K, at eye level). The sleep outcomes were recorded with actigraphy and a sleep diary. In addition, self‐ratings of daytime sleepiness, mood, mental fatigue, perceived effort, and next morning sleepiness were measured each workday. The results showed that exposure to morning bright light versus regular office light yielded a higher sleep efficiency (83.82% ± 1.60 vs. 80.35% ± 1.57, p = 0.02), a smaller fragmentation index (15.26% ± 1.31 vs. 17.18% ± 1.28, p = 0.05), and a shorter time in bed (7.12 ± 0.13 vs. 7.51 ± 0.12, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, an earlier sleep onset time, shorter sleep latency, and lower morning sleepiness were observed after a 5 workday morning bright light intervention compared with the baseline (ps <0.05), no such benefit was found for self‐ratings (ps >0.05). These findings support existing evidence that morning bright light could function as an enhancer of sleep and alertness for office occupants.
Hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Updated evidence and concise review
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rapid emergence of severe acute hepatitis across several European countries and several geographical regions in the United States has created panic among health institutions, local authorities, governmental organizations and regulatory bodies. Early reporting, stringent surveillance and supportive care can temporarily help tackle this crisis. However, definitive containment measures and management require characterization of the clinical spectrum, epidemiological assessment and extensive investigations. Furthermore, a sound management strategy requires randomized trials to explore the treatment options.
Shear wave elastography: How well does it perform in chronic hepatitis D virus infection?
Authors: Yang Alexander H. , Yardeni David , Hercun Julian , Kleiner David E. , Ling Alexander , Marko Jamie , Heller Theo , Koh Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is associated with accelerated progression of liver disease to cirrhosis. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a non‐invasive evaluation method of liver fibrosis. Its performance in accurately characterizing HDV fibrosis compared to other noninvasive markers remains unknown. We assessed the performance of SWE in patients with chronic HDV, Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Cirrhosis was determined by histology or clinical data. Area under receiver operator characteristics (AUROC) was used to assess diagnostic performance in identifying cirrhosis by SWE in comparison with Fibroscan® (VCTE) and serologic tests of fibrosis. 158 patients with chronic hepatitis (HDV:44%, HBV: 46% and HCV: 29%) were evaluated. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 28 (17.7%) patients. Mean noninvasive fibrosis measurements for the HBV/HCV and HDV groups, respectively, were as follows: APRI: 0.73 ± 1.08 and 1.3 ± 1.38; FIB‐4: 1.90 ± 2.24 and 2.33 ± 2.24; VCTE: 8.9 ± 6.7 kPa vs 10.4 ± 5.3 kPa; SWE: 1.5 ± 0.2 m/s and 1.6 ± 0.2 m/s. The performance of SWE in detecting HDV‐induced cirrhosis (AUROC 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.97) was slightly lower than in HBV/HCV induced disease (AUROC 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96). For HDV patients, the performance of SWE was comparable to VCTE and slightly better than APRI and FIB‐4 especially in APRI and FIB‐4 indeterminate zones. The overall less accurate performance of noninvasive markers in HDV in comparison with HBV and HCV may be a result of significant hepatic inflammation in HDV.
Liver stiffness (Fibroscan®) is a predictor of all‐cause mortality in people with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Braude Michael , Roberts Stuart , Majeed Ammar , Lubel John , Prompen Jirayut , Dev Anouk , Sievert William , Bloom Stephen , Gow Paul , Kemp William 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsProgressive liver fibrosis related to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with all‐cause and liver‐related mortality. We assessed vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) as a predictor of mortality.MethodData from patients who underwent VCTE for NAFLD at four large health services in Victoria, Australia between the years 2008 and 2019 were linked to state‐wide data registries. Cause of death (COD) and predictors of all‐cause mortality were subsequently analysed using descriptive statistics and Cox‐proportional regression analysis.ResultsOf 7079 VCTE records submitted for data linkage, 6341 were matched via data registry linkage. There were 217 deaths over a 22 653 person‐year follow‐up. COD included malignancies other than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (18.0%, n = 39), sepsis (16.1%, n = 35), decompensated liver disease (15.2%, n = 33), cardiac disease (15.2%, n = 33) and HCC 6.0% (n = 13). Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was not associated with mortality in univariable analysis (HR = 1.00, CI 1.0–1.0, p = .488). Increased liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (HR 1.02 per kiloPascal, CI 1.01–1.03, p < .001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (HR 1.32 for each point, CI 1.27–1.38, p < .001) and age (HR 1.05 per annum, CI 1.03–1.07, p < .001) were each associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality in multivariable analysis. LSM ≥10 kPa suggestive of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) was associated with mortality in multivariable analysis (HR 2.31, CI 1.73–3.09, p < .001).ConclusionVCTE LSM, in addition to age and CCI, is independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality in a large cohort with NAFLD.
Attending to our conceptualisations of race and racism in the pursuit of antiracism: A critical interpretative synthesis of the nursing literature
Authors: Collier‐Sewell Freya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRace and racism are matters of urgent concern for the international nursing community. Recent global events have presented the discipline with an opportunity to generate and sustain long overdue discussions. However, with this opportunity comes a need to consciously attend to what we mean by race and racism, especially in the context of the nursing literature. Indeed, the development of antiracism depends on how we conceptualise race and racism; it is these conceptualisations that actively shape the scope and priorities of antiracist organising and action. The aim of this critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) is to examine conceptualisations of race and racism in the nursing literature by drawing on contemporary race scholarship. The synthesis of diverse literature is enabled through the explorative and expansive process of the CIS method. This review generates three synthesising arguments—a problem ‘of’ not ‘for’; conceptual inconsistencies and drift; and reliance on the lens of experience—that both critique and contribute to the nursing literature. In the pursuit of antiracism, this article urges us to pay close attention to our conceptualisations of race and racism by illuminating the pitfalls that occur when our conceptualisations are inconsistent, contradictory, or simply neglected.
The CC–NB–LRR protein BSR1 from Brachypodium confers resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus in gramineous plants by recognising TGB1 movement protein
Authors: Wu Qiuhong , Cui Yu , Jin Xuejiao , Wang Guoxin , Yan Lijie , Zhong Chenchen , Yu Meihua , Li Wenli , Wang Yong , Wang Ling , Wang Hao , Dang Chen , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Yongxing , Zhang Panpan , Zhao Xiaofei , Wu Jiajie , Fu Daolin , Xia Lanqin , Nevo Eviatar , Vogel John , Huo Naxin , Li Dawei , Gu Yong Q. , Jackson Andrew O. , Zhang Yongliang , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Although some nucleotide binding, leucine‐rich repeat immune receptor (NLR) proteins conferring resistance to specific viruses have been identified in dicot plants, NLR proteins involved in viral resistance have not been described in monocots.

We have used map‐based cloning to isolate the CC‐NB‐LRR (CNL) Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) resistance gene barley stripe resistance 1 (BSR1) from Brachypodium distachyon Bd3‐1 inbred line. Stable BSR1 transgenic Brachypodium line Bd21‐3, barley (Golden Promise) and wheat (Kenong 199) plants developed resistance against BSMV ND18 strain. Allelic variation analyses indicated that BSR1 is present in several Brachypodium accessions collected from countries in the Middle East.

Protein domain swaps revealed that the intact LRR domain and the C‐terminus of BSR1 are required for resistance. BSR1 interacts with the BSMV ND18 TGB1 protein in planta and shows temperature‐sensitive antiviral resistance. The R390 and T392 residues of TGB1ND (ND18 strain) and the G196 and K197 residues within the BSR1 P‐loop motif are key amino acids required for immune activation.

BSR1 is the first cloned virus resistance gene encoding a typical CNL protein in monocots, highlighting the utility of the Brachypodium model for isolation and analysis of agronomically important genes for crop improvement.
A distinct sensitivity to the priming effect between labile and stable soil organic carbon
Authors: Zhang Qiufang , Feng Jiguang , Li Jian , Huang Ching‐Yu , Shen Yawen , Cheng Weixin , Zhu Biao 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a mixture of various carbon (C) compounds with different stability, which can be distinctly affected by the priming effect (PE). However, little is known about how the PE changes with SOC stability.

We address this issue by combining results from two experiments and a metaanalysis.

We found that the PE increased with the prolongation of soil preincubation, suggesting that higher PE occurred for more stable SOC than for labile SOC. This was further supported by the metaanalysis of 42 observations. There were significant negative relationships between the difference in PE (ΔPE) between labile and more stable SOC and their differences in SOC, microbial biomass C and soil C : N ratio, indicating that soil C availability exerts a vital control on ΔPE.

We conclude that, compared with labile SOC, stable SOC can be more vulnerable to priming once microbes are provided with exogenous C substrates. This high vulnerability of stable SOC to priming warrants more attention in future studies on SOC cycling and global change.
Feathers and the Making of Luxury Experiences at the Sixteenth‐Century Spanish Court☆
Authors: Hanß Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article charts the activities of featherworkers (plumajeros) at the Habsburg court in Madrid. Drawing on archival records, objects, and paintings from sixteenth‐century Spain, I argue that royal featherworkers' skills, wit, and intricacy in the transformation of materials established feathers as luxury items. In sixteenth‐century Spanish court society, feathers evoked sensory experiences that provoked emotions, staged civility, and materialized courtly hierarchies. Deploying the concept of ‘material cross‐citationality’, the article examines the significance of artisanal interventions to animate and enliven such qualities of feathers, and to turn feathers into luxury experiences. The combination of in‐depth archival research and materials‐based analysis, digital microscopy, and remaking experiments allows also for the identification of the materials and costs of featherwork depicted in some of the most iconic portraits of the Habsburg family, situating such visual artefacts within the broader world of material acts of courtly affordances.
Highways and firms' exports: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Dan , Sheng Liugang , Yu Miaojie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of highway networks on Chinese firms' exports. We construct firm‐level measures of highway access using GIS information on firm locations and highway routes and adopt an instrumental variable approach to deal with the endogeneity issue. The analysis finds that improvements in highway access significantly promote firms' exports, after controlling for firm characteristics and unobservable city and industry time‐varying factors. Highway access helps firms to expand the scope of their exports and imports as well. More interestingly, the positive effects of highway access on exports are stronger for less productive firms. With greater highway access, less productive firms lower their markups while more productive firms experience an increase in average markups.
Angle‐specific analysis of knee strength deficits after ACL reconstruction with patellar and hamstring tendon autografts
Authors: Hart Luke M. , Izri Erwan , King Enda , Daniels Katherine A. J. 
Published: September 2022

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), there are differences in the neuromuscular deficits observed in patients with bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) and with hamstring tendon (HT) autografts. The differences in knee extensor and flexor strength are commonly reported, but analyses have largely focused on peak torque metrics despite the requirement to generate torque through range when returning to sport. The aim of this study was to investigate the angle‐specific strength and strength asymmetry differences between BPTB and HT around the time of return to play after ACLR. A total of 357 male field sport athletes with either a BPTB (n = 297) or an HT (n = 60) autograft underwent concentric knee flexor and extensor isokinetic strength testing 9 months post‐ACLR. Angle‐specific torques were compared between grafts and limbs using 1D Statistical Parametric Mapping and discrete‐point variables. Inter‐limb extensor torque asymmetry was greater in BTPB than HT at knee angles of >30° (p = 0.001, peak d = 5.53), with flexor torque asymmetry lower in BPTB than HT at flexion angles of >25° (p = 0.001, peak d = 2.68). Angle of maximum asymmetry and angle of operated limb peak torque differed in knee extension for BPTB (p < 0.001, d = 0.32) but not HT, whereas knee flexion angle of maximum asymmetry and operated limb peak torque differed in both BTPB (p < 0.001, d = 0.75) and HT (p < 0.001, d = 0.43). Graft type affected extensor torque at knee angles of 67°–85° and flexor torque at knee angles of 27°–85°. Angle‐specific strength analysis may inform the rehabilitation process and improve rehabilitation and return‐to‐play decision making strategies in comparison with the use of peak torque values alone.
Did sexism drive Latino support for Trump? Latinx, sexism, and presidential vote choice
Authors: Hickel Flavio Rogerio , Deckman Melissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the “machismo” media narrative explaining Donald Trump's electoral support among Latinxs has some intuitive appeal, the relative dearth of scholarship on the influence of sexism on Latinx political attitudes precludes critical evaluation of this claim.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether Latinxs exhibit more sexist attitudes, compared to other racial/ethnic groups and whether sexism has a differential impact on Latinx electoral support for Trump, compared to non‐Latinx counterparts.MethodsWe use the correlational analysis of 2016 and 2020 American National Election Study (ANES). The Online Appendix replicates these analyses with the 2012 ANES and 2018, 2019, and 2020 CCES.ResultsWhile Latinxs do express higher levels of sexism than other Americans, Latinx sexists are no more likely to vote for Donald Trump, compared to sexists of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, after controlling for a host of relevant covariates.ConclusionThe machismo media narrative is at best sloppy journalism and at worst a misleading reproduction of harmful stereotypes against Latinxs.
Physical activity, burnout and quality of life in medical students: A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Charlotte E. , Scott Emma J. , Owen Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical students are at risk of burnout and reduced quality of life (QoL). The risk of burnout doubles from third to sixth year of medical school, and medical students have an 8%–11% lower QoL than nonmedical students. It is imperative to prevent this, as burnout and reduced QoL is independently associated with errors in practice. This systematic review aims to examine whether physical activity/exercise is associated with burnout and/or QoL in medical students.MethodsArticles were identified through database searches of Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were included if both physical activity/exercise and burnout or QoL were measured and limited to those focussing on medical students. Risk of bias was assessed using accredited cohort and cross‐sectional checklists. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in the dataset.FindingsEighteen studies were included, comprising 11,500 medical students across 13 countries. Physical activity was negatively associated with burnout and positively associated with QoL. Furthermore, the findings were suggestive of a dose–response effect of physical activity on both burnout and QoL; higher intensities and frequencies precipitated greater improvements in outcomes.ConclusionsThis multinational review demonstrates that physical activity is associated with reduced burnout and improved QoL in medical students. It also identifies a paucity of research into the optimal intensity, frequency, volume and mode of physical activity. Further research, building on this review, is likely to inform the long overdue development of evidence‐based, well‐being curricula. This could involve incorporating physical activity into medical education which may improve well‐being and better prepare students for the demands of medical practice.
Non‐cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells as a safe and effective alternative for autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Araújo Anelise Bergmann , Soares Tahiane Brum , Schmalfuss Tissiana , Angeli Melissa Helena , Furlan Juliana Monteiro , Salton Gabrielle Dias , Burin Mariana Monteiro , Röhsig Liane Marise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutologous stem cell transplantation is the standard procedure for multiple myeloma and the grafts are usually cryopreserved. Previous studies reported advantages in the use of fresh peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) autotransplantation compared to cryopreservation of the grafts. This study compared the transplant‐related outcomes of two graft preservation methods: fresh storage (4°C/72 h) and cryopreservation (−80°C).Study Design and MethodsWe performed an analysis of 45 patients with multiple myeloma under autotransplantation (17 fresh and 28 cryopreserved) from 2017 to 2021. Fresh PBSC were maintained in the refrigerator for three days in a concentration up to 300 × 103 TNC/μL. Cryopreserved PBSC were concentrated by plasma reduction after centrifugation (950 g/10 min/4°C) and an equal volume of cryoprotection solution was added for a final concentration of 300 × 103 TNC/μL, 5% DMSO, 6% hydroxyethyl starch, and 3% human albumin.ResultsNeutrophil engraftment was significantly faster with fresh PBSCs (10 vs. 11.5 days, p = 0.045). Adverse effects were more common in cryopreserved PBSC transplantation (75% vs. 35.3% patients; p = 0.013). Post transplantation hospital stay was 20 and 22 days for fresh and cryopreserved PBSCs respectively (p = 0.091). There was no difference in platelet engraftment time (10.5 days for both; p = 0.133), number of antibiotics used after transplantation (3 for fresh and 2.5 for cryopreserved; p = 0.828), days of antibiotic use after transplantation (12.2 days for fresh and 13.3 days for cryopreserved, p = 0.579), and overall survival (p = 0.736).ConclusionThe infusion of fresh PBSC refrigerated for up to three days is effective and safe for autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma, which is a useful alternative to cryopreserved PBSC.