bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Area Extraction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Saraswat Ajay , Ghosh Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Sumit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Urbanization is the major concern nowadays for the whole world as it is increasing at a very tremendous rate. Several studies have already been conducted and new researches still going on in this particular field. Considering optical data for urban mapping is a challenging task using conventional supervised classification methods. A new method of classification needs to be developed to overcome this problem. In the study, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based machine learning classifiers have been used for urban area classification. For the study, high resolution Sentinel-2A satellite image is considered so as to get the efficient urban map of area around Roorkee, Haridwar. Spectral features are good at discriminating classes to some extent but intermixing of pixels in few bands affects the accuracy. In this study, extraction of average spectral reflectance features of each class in different bands is considered as a feature attribute and combined with the geo-coordinates at the point locations in a data-frame to train the classifiers and urban area maps are created using these classifiers. Machine learning models such as Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models have been trained using the training dataset to classify the urban area and accuracy assessment is performed to get the best classifier. The overall accuracy for the above classifiers is in preferring order as 94.50, 93.00, 92.00 and 91.5% respectively for SVM, RF, NN and Decision Tree. Our result showed that SVM model performs best, followed by RF, ANN and decision tree. ANN and decision tree are relatively poorer in terms of urban area extraction.
Identification and initial characterization of Hfq-associated sRNAs in Histophilus somni strain 2336
Authors: Subhadra Bindu , Cao Dianjun , Jensen Roderick , Caswell Clayton , Inzana Thomas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Small RNAs (sRNA), in association with the global chaperone regulator Hfq, positively or negatively regulate gene expression in bacteria. For this study, Histophilus somni sRNAs that bind to Hfq were first identified and then partially characterized to initiate understanding their role in regulation of virulence factors, which is unknown in H. somni.
Results
The Hfq-associated sRNAs in H. somni were first identified by co-immunoprecipitation using anti-Hfq antibody, followed by sRNA sequencing. Sequence analysis of the sRNA samples identified 180 putative sRNAs, out of which 17 were present in pathogenic strain 2336, but not in non-pathogenic strain 129Pt. Bioinformatic analyses depicted that the sRNAs HS9, HS79, and HS97 bound to the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of many genes involved in virulence/biofilm formation. Furthermore, multi-sequence alignment of these sRNA candidates revealed that these sRNAs could interact with sigma-54, which is a transcription factor linked to important bacterial traits, including motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Northern blotting was used to determine the approximate size, abundance and any alternate splice products of sRNAs. Two bands of ~ 115 bp and ~ 60 bp were identified for sRNA HS9, sRNA HS79 had three bands of ~ 80 bp, ~ 130 bp and ~ 300 bp, and two bands of ~ 140 bp and ~ 200 bp were identified for HS97. All three sRNA candidates were confirmed to bind Hfq, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using sRNAs synthesized by in vitro transcription and recombinant Hfq. The exact transcriptional start site of the sRNA candidates were determined by RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends, followed by cloning and sequencing.
Conclusions
In this study, a number of Hfq-associated sRNAs were identified and characterized in the bovine pathogen, H. somni 2336. Analysis of these sRNAs showed that they may be driven by environmental factors and mayave important regulatory roles in H. somni virulence and biofilm formation.
Exploration of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of Luo Tong formula on retinal function in diabetic rats via the “gut microbiota-inflammation-retina” axis
Authors: Di Sha , Yao Chensi , Qiao Liping , Li Xiuyang , Pang Bing , Lin Jiaran , Wang Jia , Li Min , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Luo Tong formula (LTF), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, consists of four plants that have been widely and effectively used to treat DR. Previous work in our laboratory has confirmed that LTF can effectively ameliorate DR. However, the potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of LTF on DR has not been fully elucidated. To explore the potential mechanism of action through which LTF prevents and alleviates DR from an inflammation and gut microbiota perspective.
Materials and Methods
Metabolite profiling of LTF was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats via tail vein injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Next, 125 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, normal control; diabetic control; diabetic + insulin + calcium dobesilate; and diabetic + insulin + LTF. After 12 weeks of treatment, glucose metabolism, fundus oculi, blood-retinal barrier permeability, retinal thickness, microvascular damage, as well as cell junction expression in retinas were measured and the changes observed in different groups were compared. Finally, the alteration in gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokine expression in serum and tissues were monitored, and their correlation was analyzed.
Results
A total of 1024 valid peaks were obtained for LTF using GC-MS. The HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the LTF group were slightly decreased. LTF exerted protective effects on fundus oculi and the retina structure to different degrees. LTF attenuated systemic and local retinal inflammation by significantly decreasing the levels of seven pro-inflammatory cytokines, including ICAM1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP1, VCAM1, VEGF, and IL-1β. LTF restored the intestinal microbiota of diabetic rats to levels that were similar to those of normal rats. Further analysis revealed that Enterobacteriales, Prevotellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, and Klebsiella were significantly and positively correlated with the inflammatory factors in DR after LTF treatment.
Conclusions
Our results revealed the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of LTF on DR development and progression. LTF inhibited pathological changes in retinal histopathology, cell composition, and cell junction proteins while effectively ameliorating systemic and local retinal inflammation via regulating pivotal gut microbiota.
Tax avoidance landscape scheme: Scientometrics analysis using Biblioshiny
Authors: Probowulan Diyah , Tjaraka Heru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study seeks to provide an evaluation of the current status and trends in research on tax avoidance. Many studies have been on tax avoidance schemes, necessitating a systematic overview to summarise the landscape of tax avoidance research. The data analyzed is from 791 cited references from the Web of Science. The search term is "tax avoidance," published from 2002 to 2022, with data updated on September 09, 2022. The analysis technique uses an R-based tool with Biblioshiny scientometric. Numerous sources have released voluminous amounts of research on tax avoidance. The most commonly referenced sources are articles or conversations about theory and concepts. Researchers from the USA, China, Germany, and the U.K. were the most active. International cooperation remains uncommon, except for those involving the USA and China. Research on tax avoidance broadly includes aggressiveness and incentives. The emerging topics have discussed performance, earnings management, corporate governance, and investment. The relevance and suitability of the review with technological approaches and the scope of keywords are less expanded, using only the keyword "tax avoidance." This study recommends further studies on tax systems, tax behavior, and tax disclosure. Future researchers must also systematically investigate the issues of taxable income, financial constraints, risk, investment, information systems, and corporate governance in their tax avoidance strategies. The results reveal the most current scientific advances and future research needs. Greater collaboration is welcomed for future research that will provide information to tax avoidance professionals. Considering the increase in technical progress, there is room for improvement.
JEL: D85; H268
Conversion surgery for stage IV gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kano Yosuke , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Hanyu Takaaki , Muneoka Yusuke , Ishikawa Takashi , Aizawa Masaki , Matsuki Atsushi , Yabusaki Hiroshi , Bamba Takeo , Nakagawa Satoru , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Kuwabara Shirou , Makino Shigeto , Kawachi Yasuyuki , Naito Tetsuya , Tani Tatsuo , Hirukawa Hiroshi , Tada Tetsuya , Shimada Yoshifumi , Sakata Jun , Wakai Toshifumi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent improvements in systemic chemotherapy have provided an opportunity for patients with stage IV gastric cancer (GC) to undergo conversion surgery (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent CS and to elucidate the prognostic factors for CS in stage IV GC.
Methods: A total of 79 patients who underwent CS with the aim of R0 resection for stage IV GC at six institutions from January 2008 to July 2019 were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data and prognosis.
Results: Of the 79 patients, 23 (31.1%) had initially resectable disease (IR) before chemotherapy, defined as positive for cancer on peritoneal cytology (CY1), resectable hepatic metastasis, or para-aortic lymph node No. 16a2/b1 metastasis. Of the 56 remaining patients with primary unresectable disease, 39 had peritoneal dissemination. R0 resection was accomplished in 63 patients (79.7%). The median survival time for the study population was 40 months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 55.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that IR (P = 0.014) and R0 (P = 0.014) were statistically significant independent prognostic factors for favorable OS. Among patients with peritoneal dissemination alone, OS was significantly better for patients with R0 resection than for patients with R1/2 resection, with the 3-year OS rates of 65.5 % and 23.1%, respectively (P= 0.011).
Conclusions: CS is a treatment option for selected patients with stage IV GC. Patients with IR and patients who achieve R0 resection may obtain a survival benefit from CS.
Detection and classification of road signs in raining condition with limited dataset
Authors: Khan Mohamed Jamil Khan Mohamed Bysul , Shah Noraisyah Mohamed , Mokhtar Norrima 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The road sign recognition (RSR) system is used to complete two tasks: localizing the traffic sign in an image and then classifying it according to the image features. Some of the applications of such system are incorporated into the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. However, the accuracy of the model decreases when changes in lighting or weather occurs, and the lack of training samples taken in rainy condition causes the model to be sub-optimal. The research was conducted with the focus on solving two problems, the accuracy of an object detection model decreases when changes in lighting or weather occurs and the lack of training data, especially images taken under adverse condition. In this work, we compare and analyze three methods; automatic white balance (AWB), policy augmentations and Image-to-Image-translation (I2IT) technique on their performance to detect traffic signs in raining conditions. All methods were built upon the pre-trained SSD-MobileNetV2 model and using the TensorFlow2 framework. The images from the Malaysia Traffic Sign Dataset (MTSD) are used to train all models. Finally based on the result of the three model a final combination model is proposed that achieved the best performance in rainy condition. Experimental results showed that AWB was not that effective in detecting road sign in raining condition, while the other two techniques were highly effective. The final proposed model was implemented by combining policy augmentation and I2IT, obtained an mAP of 0.7967 in clear images and mAP of 0.7160 when rainy images was added to the testing dataset. These corresponds to mAP at 50% IoU of 0.8921mAP@0.5 during clear weather and 0.8340mAP@0.5 in raining images, which outperformed other models. Thus, a road sign detection and classification system that can perform well in rainy condition with limited training dataset has been successfully developed.
Convective Momentum Transport and Multiscale Organization in Simulated Shear Parallel Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Han Ying , Khouider Boualem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The way in which moist convection interacts with large scale flows is a major contemporary research issue. Organized mesoscale systems are, in particular, important for the interactions between convection and the ambient shear. Here we present numerical simulations of mesoscale systems evolving in a background shear using the Research and Weather Forecasting (WRF) model. We are particularly interested in the long time integration, allowing the systems to repeatedly develop and die and effectively interact with the background shear. Starting with a typical African and equatorial jet-shear, the simulated solution goes through various phases or stages. First, a transient state, consisting of scattered squall-like systems that are aligned perpendicular to the background shear, develops and then evolves into a regime of multiscale mesoscale systems with large stratiform anvils. During the latter period the background wind changes substantially through the effect of both up scale and down scale convective momentum transport (CMT). At this stage, the systems become aligned parallel to the wind shear, with elongated stratiform anvils in which meso-beta scale convective cells evolve and propagate in the shear direction, relative to the stratiform anvils. These results are reminiscent of the development of shear parallel mesoscale convective systems observed for instance in the Eastern Pacific ITCZ and corroborate recent theoretical results obtained with a simple multi-cloud model. As such they have important implications for the parameterization of CMT in climate models.
Does ‘Geography’ matter? Mapping the Spatial Dependence in Quality of Living (QOL) in India
Authors: Mondal Sandip , Mondal Monidip , Mondal Subhadeep 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

For a long time, studies in social sciences focused on various dimensions but somehow talked less about the spatial dimension of inequality as well as the spatial dimension of quality of living in India. Therefore the primary objective of this study is modelling the spatial dependence of quality of living (QOL) across Indian districts using various spatial econometric tools. First of all we calculated quality of living index by using principal component analysis. Then we calculated descriptive statistics and used Choropleth mapping to understand the nature of variables distribution. After that, we used Moran’s I statistics and LISA statistics to understand global and local spatial dependence. Lastly, we used spatial error model to understand the spatial dependence with covariates. The high Moran’s I value suggests that the clustered nature of QOL across districts. LISA mapping reflects the localized nature of spatial clustering of QOL. It is evident from the SEM model that level of urbanization, workforce in service sector, female literacy rate and higher education have significantly positive impact on QOL. On the contrary, QOL decreased with the increasing concentration of SCs and STs population. It can be argued that geography plays a vital role in determining the spatial patterning of QOL of the districts of India. From the perspective of policy implication, spatially targeted policies and programmes are required. In this context, spreading economic development and the growth outcome to the districts having low QOL should be a primary step in the policy response.
Honeybee drones make short trips to potentially survey the weather conditions
Authors: Wu Vivian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the mating season, honeybee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) drones make mating fights to congregation areas where they face fierce competition to mate with a queen. Drones have developed distinct anatomical and functional features to optimize their chances of success. The flight activities of western honeybee (Apis mellifera) drones and foragers were monitored using radio frequency identification (RFID) to investigate whether drones have also developed distinct flight behaviors. Drone flight durations showed a bimodal distribution, dividing the flights into short trips and long trips, while forager flight durations showed a right-skewed unimodal distribution. Interestingly, the short trips of the drones occurred prior to the long trips on a daily basis. The first trips the drones made each day were primarily the short trips, and the distribution significantly shifted to the long trips as the drones made additional trips. In contrast, the forager trips showed no such shift in distribution. In addition, drones made short trips, but no long mating trips on days where there was a significant drop in temperature and increase in clouds compared with the previous day. These findings suggest that drones may have developed a unique flight behavior, making initial short trips to survey the weather conditions before flying out to the congregation area to pursue a successful mating.
Tubulovillous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia of the vulva harboring high tumor mutational burden and cancer-associated mutations: a case report
Authors: Sato Hanako , Murakami Kosuke , Otani Tomoyuki , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Vulvar cancer is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 5% of gynecological malignancies. Primary adenocarcinoma of intestinal-type of the vulva or its precancerous lesion is extremely rare, and details regarding its origin, evolution and related genetic mutations are unknown. Treatment options for this cancer have not been defined.
Case presentation
A 63-year-old Japanese woman came to the hospital because she was aware of a vulvar mass. There was a 1 cm mass on the dorsal side of the vulva, just outside the remains of the hymen. Biopsy revealed suspected adenocarcinoma, and wide local excision was performed. From histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the specimen was diagnosed as tubulovillous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia of the vulva. No other primary lesions were found, and the vulva was considered the primary site. A gene panel test (FoundationOneCDx assay) showed a high tumor mutational burden and mutations in TP53, KEL, RB1, RNF43, PTEN, GNAS, and PIK3CA.
Conclusions
The current case of tubulovillous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia of the vulva had a variety of cancer-associated mutations, despite being a precancerous lesion. In cases of intestinal-type neoplasms of the vulva, it may be helpful to check tumor mutational burden and gene mutations for treatment selection.
Effects of soy protein isolate on the physicochemical properties of Fresh extruded rice- shaped kernels
Authors: Li Lu , Li Dandan , Li Xuejin , Wang Xiaodong , Li Xihong , Li Jixin , Jiang Yuqian , Jiang Yunbin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Gluten-free foods are often enhanced by the addition of proteins. Among these, plant-based proteins are often used as a good source of protein due to their easy absorption in the body and low environmental impact. In this work, Soy protein isolate (SPI) was used in an extruded food product to investigate the effect of SPI on the physicochemical properties of Fresh extruded rice-shaped kernels (FER). We used rheological techniques and thermal analysis to determine the suitability of the extrusion process and the loss of heating mass. The microstructure, textural properties, sensory evaluation and rice taste analyser scores of FER were determined. A new gluten-free food product was produced and its quality was improved by the addition of SPI. When the content of SPI was 3%, the microstructure and texture properties showed that the FER had medium hardness, good elasticity and cohesion, which was better than paddy rice in food quality analysis. During the extrusion process, SPI could not only be used as a structural aid to improve the rheological properties, thermogravimetric characteristics, microstructure and texture properties of FER, but also be used as a dietary supplement to improve the sensory quality of FER.
Association between eating behaviors with anthropometric indices and perceived stress in working women
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Abiri Behnaz , Rampisheh Zahra , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Tayefi Batool , Vafa Mohammadreza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In recent decades, the significant increase in the prevalence of obesity, both in developing and developed countries, suggests that obesity is a complex health problem. Environmental factors such as lack of physical activity, excessive TV watching and sedentary lifestyle, consumption of high-calorie foods, and side effects of different drugs, can cause overweight and obesity. Obesity is associated with severe health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, arthritis, and even reduced life expectancy. Obesity also has a profound effect on people's mental health.
Methods: After ethics committee approval from the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1399.457), 395 healthy women between 20 to 50 years old entered the study. Questionnaires related to general information and assessment of individuals' status in terms of eating behaviors were completed on women from 20 to 50 years old who worked at the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Anthropometric variables including height, weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Then, a questionnaire related to perceived stress was completed by each participant. The 24-hour food recall questionnaire and the physical activity questionnaire were also conducted.
Results: In contrast to other studies, anthropometric indices (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference) were reported higher in people who ate breakfast than in those who did not. There is no significant relationship between eating behaviors (speed rate, eating breakfast or not eating breakfast, and eating with or without a screen) and perceived stress levels. Anthropometric indices increase with increasing food intake and decreasing physical activity, while there is no relationship between dietary intake and physical activity with perceived stress levels.
Conclusion: Dietary behaviors and physical activity affect anthropometric indices, while, perceived stress levels do not affect dietary behaviors or anthropometric indices.