bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in Horticulture
Authors: Thompson Maxine M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Why aren't there more women horticulturists in the United States? The large number of European women in this field always astonishes Americans traveling abroad. In certain Asian countries, e.g. Taiwan and Thailand, women are represented in horticulture classes in much larger numbers. (This may partly account for the extraordinarily high proportion of Oriental women graduate students in the U.S.) Recently, in our country there has been a noticeable increase in high school girls enrolled in agriculture and participating in FFA. There is also a substantial increase in number of college women majoring in horticulture. A poll of 43 Land Grant Institutions showed that women constitute 22% of undergraduate majors and 14% of our graduate students. A comparison of the present meager representation of women in academic positions (2%), employed by USDA (1.5%), and members of ASHS (1.7%) with the proportion of young women training for careers in horticulture demands a reevaluation of long-held assumptions that horticulture is a masculine occupation. Why such a high rate of attrition between undergraduate training and professional employment?
New Portable Colorimeter to Evaluate External Fruit Color of Tomato and Peach1
Authors: Aulenbach B. B. , Worthington J. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new portable colorimeter appears promising as a tool for evaluating color of horticultural products. G(green) reflectance values (546 nm) for external fruit color of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) correlated highly with visual scores and Hunter a/b ratios. For ground color of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], G values decreased as fruits matured and softened.
A Tree-mounted LVDT Electronic Micrometer for Apple Fruit1
Authors: Willey C. R. , Unrath C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An easily constructed, lightweight LVDT electronic micrometer suitable for mounting in a tree for continuous monitoring of changes in apple fruit diameter is described. Four units were tested successfully under humid conditions on ‘Delicious’ apples during 90 days of the 1971 growing season.
Fire Blight Susceptibility of Fruiting Trees of Some Apple Rootstock Clones1
Authors: Cummins J. N. , Aldwinckle H. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After a severe fire blight epiphytotic, fruiting trees of rootstock cultivars were scored for kill of fruit spurs, for lesion extension, and total tree damage. Spur infections were heaviest on ‘M 9’, ‘M 12’, ‘M 16’, ‘M 25’, ‘M 26’ and ‘Rotyp’. Damage to ‘M 9’ and ‘M 26’ trees was especially severe. Least affected were ‘M 2’, ‘M 7’, ‘M 15’ and a Malus prunifolia selection, PI 286613. Intermediate susceptibility was indicated for ‘M 27’ and a red-leaved introduction from the USSR, PI 274842.
Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of Benzimidazoles for Control of Storage Decay of Pears1
Authors: Ben-Arie Ruth , Guelfat-Reich Sylvia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two orchard sprays with 800 ppm methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate (benomyl) or three orchard sprays with 300 ppm 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole or TBZ) achieved significant control of storage decay of ‘Spadona’ pears (Pyrus communis L.). Almost complete control of storage decay required postharvest dip-treatments of 1000 ppm benomyl or 500 ppm TBZ. Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) were inhibited by these treatments but Alternaria tenuis (Nees ex Cda.) was unaffected and its incidence increased during storage, possibly due to control of the other organisms. These benzimidazole treatments tended to increase the incidence of internal breakdown of treated pears during prolonged regular cold storage.
Growth Response of Container-grown Woody Ornamentals to Slow-release Fertilizers1
Authors: Gouin Francis R. , Link Conrad B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five species of ornamental plants growing in a media containing 113.4 g and 226.8 g of Osmocote “18-6-12” (18.0-2.7-10.0, N-P-K) per 35.2 liters of artificial growing media produced a total top growth equal to plants receiving 100 to 150 ppm of N at each irrigation from a liquidsoluble fertilizer (25.0-4.4-8.4, N-P-K). Higher levels of Osmocote did not result in a significant increase in growth.
IAA Oxidase and Inhibitors from Single and Double Flowered Petunias1
Authors: Natarella N. , Sink K. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fresh indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAA-OX) preparations from the shoot tips of double flowered genotypes, DD and Dd, and single, dd, flowered petunias (Petunia hybrida Hort.) generally exhibited no lag-phase and had similar rates of IAA destruction. Water-soluble, heat-stable fractions from the 3 genotypes inhibited the destruction of IAA by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the IAA-OX preparations. The inhibitor fractions behaved similar to ferulic acid which induced a 10 to 20 minute lag-phase. In all combinations of inhibitor fraction and IAA-OX preparation or HRP, neither the length of the lag-phase nor the subsequent rate of IAA destruction was correlated with the genotypes investigated.
The Response of Cucumber to Trellis vs. Ground Culture1
Authors: Konsler T. R. , Strider D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Marketable yield increase of 100% resulted from trellising fresh market cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) over a 3-year period. Fruit were a more uniform, dark green color and graded more Fancy and fewer Culls. Fungicidal control of scab (causal agents Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth.) was improved by trellising and losses to soil rot (causal agentsRhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Pythium spp.) were eliminated. Suggested reasons for improved yield and quality from trellising include less damage to vines, greater photosynthetic efficiency, improved pest control, and more efficient harvesting.
Evolution of Ethylene and Tomato Fruit Ripening as Influenced by P-(β-chloroethyl)- N-isopropyl Phosphonamidic Acid1
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Shaw G. W. , Horton R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
P-(β-chloroethyl)-N-isopropyl phosphonamidic acid, a new ethylene-releasing growth substance was as effective as (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) in promoting ripening of tomato fruit on the plant. Laboratory tests showed that both growth substances liberated ethylene in increasing amounts as the pH of the solution was increased from 5 to 8. Epicotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. floated in solutions of each chemical released more ethylene 4 to 24 hours after treatment started than did epicotyls floated in water.
Effect of Ethephon on Bulbing of Onion under Noninductive Photoperiod1
Authors: Levy D. , Kedar N. , Karacinque R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) induced bulbing of short-day, intermediate and long-day onion cultivars under noninductive short-day conditions. Seedlings with roots and sheaths constantly immersed in ethephon solution as low as 1.5 ppm initiated bulbing after 7 days. Application of ethephon as leaf spray, as soil drench, or by injection into the root growing zone, caused bulbing at minimum concentrations of 1200, 480 and 600 ppm, respectively. The number of leaves per plant was reduced in all treatments that caused bulbing, but the reduction was not significant in the soil drench 480 ppm treatment. Injection of ethephon solutions of 37.5 or 75 ppm to the root growing zone appeared to promote leaf emergence and did not initiate bulbing.
The Community Garden: Horticulture for the People1
Authors: Doud Steven , Pagano Greg 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many American urban dwellers seem to be discovering a fact known to most of their European peers for many years: a garden can provide inexpensive, high quality food as well as recreation and relaxation. The green thumb boom has been particularly evident in the sprouting of community garden projects in many college communities where students are anxious to supplement meager incomes and opportunities to work with living plants. Community garden projects often feature considerable diversity in cultural management philosophy and work load allocation but share a common goal of abundant food production and enjoyment for the gardeners.
Research on Apple Topworking Disease (Taka Tsugi Byo) in Japan: A Review1
Authors: Mink G. I. , Yanase H. , Yamaguchi A. , Sawamura K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple topworking disease is one of the most important problems in apple culture in Japan. This disease which affects all apple cultivars is caused by an extreme sensitivity of the rootstock cultivars commonly used in Japan to latent viruses that are present in many of the scion cultivars. Recent work indicates that apple chlorotic leaf spot virus causes decline of trees grown on Malus prunifolia Borkh.var. ringo Asami rootstocks and that stem pitting virus causes decline of trees grown on M. sieboldii Rehd. andM sieboldii Rehd. var. arborescens Rehd. rootstocks. The need for a virus-free certification program is recognized. However, the general practice of topworking old orchard trees, most of which are on virus-sensitive rootstocks, with new apple cultivars makes implementation of such a program difficult. This report was written because little is known outside of Japan about the disease or about the cultural practices that have contributed to its importance. Nearly all published reports on this disorder were presented in Japanese; many without English summaries.
SADH and Apple Bruise Resistance1
Authors: Robitaille H. A. , Janick Jules , Haugh G. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethyl-hydrazide (SADH) applied at 1000 ppm 2 months before harvest failed to alter the bruising characteristics of either ‘Golden Delicious’ apple or a very bruise-susceptible selection.
Rapidity of Sale of Apples in Retail Stores1
Authors: Mattus G. E. , Kenyon D. E. , Aust P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six stores in Southwest Virginia were each visited daily for two weeks in the spring of 1972 to determine rapidity of sale of apples from retail stores. An average of 6.8, 8.5, and 10.5 days were required to sell 95% of bagged, loose, and overwrapped apples, respectively.
Ethephon and Pit Splitting of ‘Flordasun’ Peach 1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Humphrys A. B. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 2000 ppm during petal fall resulted in satisfactory fruit thinning of peach (Prunus persica L.) but only moderate thinning when applied at the 80% bloom stage. Later applications also reduced crop loads but significantly increased the number of split pits.
Relationship of Friction Discoloration to Phenolic Compounds in ‘d'Anjou’ Pears1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Mellenthin W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Friction discoloration of ‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) was found to be associated with total phenol and chlorogenic acid content. Concentrations of these substances in the skin decreased during fruit development but increased during storage. Tendency for friction discoloration also increased with storage duration. Treatments with ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite reduced the susceptibility of skin to friction discoloration.
Efficacy of Calcium and Sodium Hypochlorite for Seed Treatment of Pepper1
Authors: Dempsey A. H. , Walker J. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of pimiento pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) artificially inoculated with Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge) Dows., were disinfected by a 4.20% calcium hypochlorite solution or a 2.63% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes followed by a 15 minute water-rinse. Germination after 14 days was not reduced.
Correction of Lime-induced Chlorosis of Pin Oak by Liquid Soil Injection1
Authors: Schoeneweiss Donald F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of chlorotic pin oaks growing in alkaline soil regained normal green color within 30 days following soil injection with solution of FeEDDHA iron chelate [ferric ethylenediamene (di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetate)]. Soil injections using solutions or suspensions of iron sulfate, sulfur, soluble fertilizer, or combinations of these materials were completely ineffective in correcting iron chlorosis. Trees treated with chelated iron remained green throughout two growing seasons following treatment, whereas all other test trees declined steadily and were dead due to severe chlorosis at the end of the second growing season.
Agricultural Science and the Public1
Authors: Borlaug Norman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Throughout the long history of the development of civilization, agriculture has carried a disproportionate responsibility for improving the well-being of mankind. Although Americans have the best food buy in the world, spending a far smaller proportion of their income on food than do citizens of any other country, there is currently a furor in the urban press and from Washington over the increase in food prices. Urbanites, who are now in the great majority, fail to understand the farmer's production costs, and they fail to consider the costs all along the food chain from farm to supermarket.
Production of Oriental Vegetables in the United States1
Authors: Yamaguchi M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Upon visiting one of the many grocery stores in San Francisco's Chinatown, one is amazed by the vast array of strange-looking exotic fruits and vegetables on display, and wonders where they came from. By questioning the proprietor and examining the labels on the crates and cartons, the visitor soon realizes that most of the produce was grown in California, some less than 50 miles from San Francisco.
Defoliation Response of Woody Seedlings to Endothall/Ethephon1
Authors: Sterrett J. P. , Leather G. R. , Tozer W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six species of seedling trees were foliar-treated in greenhouse experiments with 7 - ox ab icyclo(2,2,l)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) mixed with (2 chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon). A range of 75 to 100% abscission was obtained within 14 days with little or. no damage except on Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.).
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Activity of Succinic Dehydrogenase in ‘Bartlett’ Pears During Cold Storage1
Authors: Frenkel Chaim , Patterson M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) were kept in cold storage in air, and at CO2 concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The mitochondrial fraction from the fruit pulp was extracted periodically, made into acetone powder and assayed for activity of succinic dehydrogenase. Progressive decreases in activity of the enzyme were observed with increases in CO2 concentration in the storage atmosphere.
Secondary Dormancy in Stratified Peach Embryos1
Authors: Kaminski W. , Rom R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in a partially after-ripened condition when dried at 5°C did not lose their germination capacity. This regime preserves their physiological state and prevents secondary dormancy. This procedure is suggested as a method for handling partially after-ripened seeds that need to be stored or transported.
Ethephon and CPTA on Color Development in Bell Pepper Fruits1
Authors: Knavel D. E. , Kemp T. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants and detached fruits of mature green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Yolo Wonder B.) were treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA) to enhance red color development. Ethephon sprayed on plants in the field greatly enhanced red color development in fruits in 1971. However, in 1972 when temperatures were cooler after spray treatments than in 1971, neither ethephon nor CPTA affected fruit color even though plants showed the effects of chemical treatment by turning slightly chlorotic. Furthermore, dipping detached fruits in ethephon had no effect, but fruits dipped in CPTA turned yellow instead of the usual red color.
Apex Removal and Single-harvest Yield of Side Shoots of Broccoli1
Authors: Palevitch D. , Pressman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hand pinching of newly initiated central heads of two cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) resulted in uniform development of several side shoots, enabling a single harvest of high-quality side shoots. The yield of side shoots of ‘Waltham 29’ was higher than the yield of central heads of nonpinched plants. For ‘Green Duke’, no difference in yield was found due to treatment. The time of pinching was crucial with ‘Waltham 29’ but not with ‘Green Duke’.
Plant Production by Sweet Potato Roots as Influenced by Ethephon1
Authors: Tompkins D. R.. , Horton R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roots of ‘Centennial’ and ‘Julian’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] treated with (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and bedded after removal from 15.5°C storage, consistently produced more early plants in electric hotbeds than did untreated roots. The ethephon treatment also increased midseason production of plants in some tests. Plants from ethephon-treated roots were of the same height and weight as controls in many of the tests. Treating roots with ethephon and then presprouting before bedding did not increase plant production over that of presprouting alone. Early plants from ethephon-treated roots transplanted as well as controls in field tests.
‘Hawkeye’ Geranium1
Authors: Buck Griffith J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The plant amelioration process is a slow one, and frequently the release of cultivars from a breeding program represents a compromise. The introduction of ‘Cardinal’ geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) represented a definite advance in floriferousness and night heat tolerance, but the plant was overly vigorous, awkward in plant habit and slow to flower. ‘Toreador’ corrected some of the faults of ‘Cardinal’ including increased tolerance to injury caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. (1). However, the plant tends to grow too tall and is susceptible to damage by rain and wind. The new cultivar ‘Hawkeye’ retains the desirable garden traits of ‘Toreador’ while further refining the growth habit and increasing flowering potential.
Horticultural Therapy: A New Education Program
Authors: Odom Richard E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By necessity and design, horticulture's place in society is changing. As the society itself changes, each part of the whole is subjected to pressures, from within and without, to find ways to adapt itself to better meet the changing needs of the society and of its people. One of these needs is the difficulty many people have in coping with the “rush and scramble of life.” Horticultural therapy is helping people solve this difficulty. Horticultural therapy itself is not new, but its professional status is. The program now available at Kansas State University for training students in this field is the first in the nation. The following paper is adapted from a presentation “The Therapeutic Value of Horticulture,” as a part of the education symposium “Modern Methods of Horticultural Teaching,” at Kansas State University, Tuesday, August 3, 1972, during the 68th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science.
Horticultural Therapy: A Review1
Authors: Tereshkovich George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulture, both a science and an art, has proven to be therapeutic to many people. Work with plants has a healing quality that is relaxing and satisfying. “There is nothing new about Horticultural Therapy; it is not proposed as a new therapy but merely as a supplement to the already recognized forms of occupational 'therapy”(34).
Florida's Changing Foliage Industry1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T. , Knauss J. F. , Hamlen R. A. , Henley R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The foliage industry in Florida had its beginning in the visions of a “Mr. Powell” of Springfield, Ohio3. Powell was sales manager for Springfield Floral Company which sold among other items Boston fern, Nephrolepis exaltata Shott. He also owned some land near Orlando, Florida where he knew these ferns were naturalized. The vision was simply the idea to mass produce the relatively high value Boston fern under Florida's subtropical climate and make them available to everyone at low cost through “five-and-dime” stores. He convinced Harry Ustler, a clerk in the firm, to go into business with him in Florida. Harry Ustler came to Florida in 1912, but failed to receive the backing promised by Mr. Powell. However, he soon found a partner and began growing Boston ferns in Orlando about 1913. The business was moved to Apopka in 1914 because of unavailability of land in Orlando and the die was cast for the present title, “Apopka, The Foliage Capitol Of The World”.
A New Continuous-string Method of Plant Tying in Greenhouses1
Authors: Peck John F. , Fontes Miguel R. , Hicks Neal G. , Hopkins Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new method for supporting plants in a greenhouse reduces labor time for such training by 66%. The method utilizes a continuous string tied to overhead hooks and looped around the base of the plants by a tube held by an operator who stands on the ground.
Elimination of Volunteer Dutch Iris under Field Conditions1
Authors: Danielson L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postflowering rototaling, with or without potassium azide (KN3) applications, prevented emergence of volunteer plants of Dutch iris (Iris Lollandica Hoog cultivar Wedgwood) in the fall and following spring. Soil-incorporated preplan ting treatments with karbutilate (tert-butylcaibamic acid ester with 3-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-l,l-dimethyl urea) or potassium azide also prevented emergence of this cultivar.
High Intensity Supplementary Lighting of Bedding Plants after Transplanting1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Beck G. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous lighting with Lucalox lamps at 58W/m2 supplementing natural daylight for 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting increased plant height, root length and fresh weight of Petunia hybrida Hort cultivar White Cascade, Tagetes erectra L. cultivar Moonshot, and Zinnia elegan cultivar Peter Pan Pink. Differences became larger between lighted and unlighted treatments as the lighting period increased. Plants lighted for 4 weeks after transplanting flowered earlier (9 to 23 days), were slightly shorter, and had larger top fresh weight than those unlighted, Impatiens sultanii cultivar Scarlet Elfin responded less than the other species.
Effect of Applied Gibberellins on Leaf Area and Leaf Chlorophyll Content in Cucumber Cultivars1
Authors: Makus D. J. , Pharr D. M. , Lower R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were found to vary in chlorophyll/cm2 and total chlorophyll/leaf. Gibberellin (GA) treatments did not change the total chlorophyll content per leaf but all lines responded more to GA4+7 than to GA3 in terms of increased leaf area and leaf fresh weight. Treatment with GA4+7 stimulated the rate of leaf expansion, but caused a reduction in chlorophyll/cm2.
Effect of SADH on Radish1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Lee T. S. , Tapic D. D. , Banko T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse grown radishes (Raphanus sativus L. cultivar Cherrybelle) were sprayed at the first true leaf stage 7 days after sowing with 2000, 4000 and 8000 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH). Root fresh weight, root/leaf ratio, and photosynthesis rate were increased in treated plants. Reducing sugar content was decreased in 2 of 3 experiments. Leaf weight and % dry matter of roots were not significantly changed by SADH treatments.