bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the initial value problem for a higher‐order Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Guo Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsidered herein is the Cauchy problem for a higher‐order Camassa–Holm equation. Based on the local well‐posedness results for this problem, the non‐uniformly continuous dependence on initial data is established in Sobolev spaces with on the line by using the method of approximate solutions. In the periodic case, the non‐uniformly continuous dependence on initial data in Besov spaces and are proved. Finally, the persistence property of solutions for this problem is studied.
Effect of camel milk in asthmatic children: A double‐blind randomized pilot study
Authors: Bakhtiari Elham , Nekouhi Soudabeh , Zibaee Saeid , Rakhshandeh Hasan , Sayedi Seyed J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAsthma is one of the prevalent diseases in children. There is some evidence regarding the benefits of camel milk in asthma. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of camel milk on asthmatic children.Patients and MethodsA randomized double‐blind pilot study was operated in 2018 in a tertiary center. Sixty children aged more than 6 years with not well‐controlled asthma were included. The intervention was consisting of 200‐ml camel milk or placebo daily for 2 months. The medication regimen and spirometry parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 57 patients completed the trial. Patients were similar in demographic and baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups after intervention in use of inhaled corticosteroids (96.7% vs. 70.4%, p value = 0.01), short‐acting beta‐agonists (53.3% vs. 29.6%, p value = 0.0001) and long‐acting beta‐agonists (53.3% vs. 40.7%, p value = 0.04) in control and intervention, respectively. The percent of changes in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in the control and intervention groups was 18.54 ± 14.89 and 21.89 ± 17.83, respectively (p = 0.19). The percent of changes in FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) in the control and intervention groups was 8.11 ± 7.12 and 11.11 ± 8.33, respectively (p = 0.14).ConclusionIn our pilot study, some children with asthma may benefit from camel milk. Further studies would be useful to evaluate this hypothesis.
Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Akhgarjand Camellia , Asoudeh Farzaneh , Bagheri Amir , Kalantar Zahra , Vahabi Zahra , Shab‐bidar Sakineh , Rezvani Hamid , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClinical trial studies revealed conflicting results on the effect of Ashwagandha extract on anxiety and stress. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on anxiety as well as stress. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception until December 2021. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigate the effect of Ashwagandha extract on anxiety and stress. The overall effect size was pooled by random‐effects model and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for outcomes were applied. Overall, 12 eligible papers with a total sample size of 1,002 participants and age range between 25 and 48 years were included in the current systematic review and meta‐analysis. We found that Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduced anxiety (SMD: −1.55, 95% CI: −2.37, −0.74; p = .005; I2 = 93.8%) and stress level (SMD: −1.75; 95% CI: −2.29, −1.22; p = .005; I2 = 83.1%) compared to the placebo. Additionally, the non‐linear dose–response analysis indicated a favorable effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on anxiety until 12,000 mg/d and stress at dose of 300–600 mg/d. Finally, we identified that the certainty of the evidence was low for both outcomes. The current systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of RCTs revealed a beneficial effect in both stress and anxiety following Ashwagandha supplementation. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
The frictional layer in the observed momentum budget of the trades
Authors: Nuijens L. , Savazzi A. , de Boer G. , Brilouet P‐E. , George G. , Lothon M. , Zhang D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProfiles of eddy momentum flux divergence are calculated as the residual in the momentum budget constructed from airborne circular dropsonde arrays (220 km) for 13 days during the EURECA/ATOMIC field campaign. The observed dynamical forcing averaged over all flights agrees broadly with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) forecasts. In the direction of the flow, a mean flux divergence (friction) exists over a 1.5‐km deep Ekman layer, and a mean flux convergence (acceleration) is present near cloud tops. The friction is countergradient between 1 and 1.5 km, where vertical wind shear exceeds the observed thermal wind. From the frictional profile, a 10‐m momentum flux of 0.1 Nm is derived, in line with Saildrone turbulence measurements. A momentum flux divergence in the cross‐wind direction is pronounced near the surface and acts to veer the wind, opposing the friction‐induced cross‐isobaric wind turning. Weaker friction and upper‐level acceleration of easterly flow are observed when stronger winds and more vigorous convection prevail. Turbulence measurements on board the SAFIRE ATR‐42 aircraft and the Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) RAAVEN reveal pronounced spatial variability of momentum fluxes, with a non‐negligible contribution of mesoscales (5–30 km). The findings highlight the nontrivial impact of turbulence, convection, and mesoscale flows in the presence of diverse cloud fields on the depth and strength of the frictional layer.
Sputter‐Deposited High Entropy Alloy Thin Film Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Li Siang‐Yun , Nguyen Thi Xuyen , Su Yen‐Hsun , Lin Chia‐Chun , Huang Yan‐Jia , Shen Yun‐Hwei , Liu Chuan‐Pu , Ruan Jr‐Jeng , Chang Kao‐Shuo , Ting Jyh‐Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThin film catalysts, giving a different morphology, provide a significant advantage over catalyst particles for the gas evolution reaction. Taking the advantages of sputter deposition, a high entropy alloy (HEA) thin film electrocatalyst is hereby reported for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst characteristics are investigated not only in its as‐deposited state, but also during and after the OER. For comparison, unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary thin film catalysts are prepared and characterized. The surface electronic structure modification due to the addition of a metal is studied experimentally and theoretically using density functional theory calculation. It is demonstrated that sputtered FeNiMoCrAl HEA thin film exhibits OER performance superior to all the reported HEA catalysts with robust electrocatalytic activity having a low overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm–2, and excellent electrochemical stability at different constant current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm–2 for 50 h. Furthermore, the microstructure transformation is investigated during the OER, which is important for the understanding of the OER mechanism provided by HEA electrocatalyst. Such a finding will contribute to future catalyst design.
Workload management and server speed setting for cost‐performance ratio optimization
Authors: Li Keqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cost‐performance tradeoff is a fundamental issue in a data center for cloud computing, which is closely related to two key metrics that both cloud consumers and service providers care the most, that is, quality of service and cost of service. While there are different definitions of quality of service, the average response time is a common choice of performance metric. While there are various considerations in cost of service, the average power consumption is a common choice of cost metric. Hence, the cost‐performance tradeoff becomes the power‐performance tradeoff. In this article, we deal with the power‐performance tradeoff at the data center level. We study cost‐performance ratio optimization by using the techniques of workload management and server speed setting. In particular, we make the following tangible contributions. We solve three optimization problems, that is, (1) the workload management problem—to find a workload distribution, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized; (2) the server speed setting problem—to find a server speed setting, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized; (3) the workload management and server speed setting problem—to find a workload distribution and a server speed setting, such that the cost‐performance ratio is minimized. All the three optimization problems are analytically defined as multivariable optimization problems based on M/M/m queueing systems for multiple heterogeneous multiserver systems, together with two power consumption models, that is, the idle‐speed model and the constant‐speed model. Our approach makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate and optimize the cost‐performance ratio of a data center within a rigorously developed framework. Each multivariable optimization problem is transformed to a nonlinear system of equations. Due to the sophistication of these equations, they are solved algorithmically by a numerical procedure. Furthermore, we provide approximate, accurate, and analytical solutions to the first two problems. Performance data are demonstrated for each problem, and the accuracy of our approximate solutions are also discussed. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper which analytically and algorithmically minimizes the cost‐performance ratio of a data center with multiple heterogeneous multiserver systems using the techniques of workload management and server speed setting.
Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Zugstäben mit Endgewinden
Authors: Unglaub Julian , Jahns Hendrik , Skarmoutsos Georgios , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Thiele Klaus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIm Vorhaben „Zyklische Bemessung von Zugstäben mit Endgewinden“ sind umfangreiche Untersuchungen an Zugstäben verschiedener Herstellungsarten (geschnitten, gerollt, mit und ohne Feuerverzinkung) durchgeführt worden. Dabei wurden die Durchmesser M16, M48, M68 und M100 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der 214 Ermüdungsversuche zeigen erhöhte Ermüdungsfestigkeiten für gerollte Zugstäbe. Für geschnittene Gewinde wird der Kerbfall 50 bestätigt. Der Einfluss von Produktions‐ und Montagetoleranzen wurde mit dem Kerbdehnungskonzept untersucht. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen wird ein Vorschlag der Einordnung des Kerbdetails „Zugstäbe mit Endgewinden“ aus Baustahl unter Berücksichtigung des Herstellungsverfahrens und einer Feuerverzinkung formuliert.
Efficient Computation of Answer Sets via SAT Modulo Acyclicity and Vertex Elimination
Authors: Feyzbakhsh Rankooh Masood , Janhunen Tomi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnswer set programming (ASP) is a declarative programming paradigm where the solutions of a search problem are captured by the answer sets of a logic program describing its solutions. Besides native algorithms implemented as answer-set solvers, the computation of answer sets can be realized (i) by translating the logic program into propositional logic or its extensions and (ii) by finding satisfying assignments with appropriate solvers. In this work, we recall the graph-based extension of propositional logic, viz. SAT modulo graphs, and the case of acyclicity constraint which keeps a digraph associated with each truth assignment acyclic. This particular extension lends itself very well for answer set computation, e.g., using extended SAT solvers, such as GraphSAT, as back-end solvers. The goal of this work, however, is to translate away the acyclicity extension altogether using a vertex elimination technique, giving rise to a translation from ASP into propositional clauses only. We use non-tight benchmarks and a state-of-the-art SAT solver, Kissat, to illustrate that performance obtained in this way can be competitive against GraphSAT and native ASP solvers such as Clasp and Wasp.
Resilient Leadership in Time of Crisis in Distance Education Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Makoe Mpine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs leaders of distance education in sub-Saharan Africa were dealing with myriad challenges of high numbers of young people seeking access to higher education, lack of technologies, and inadequate expertise for online teaching, Covid-19 pandemic emerged, and, almost overnight, quick decisions had to be made to pivot to online spaces to ensure that learning occurred even in the midst of the crisis. Leaders who were flexible and adaptive to changing environment were able to respond effectively to this crisis. Hence the focus of the study is on the character of a distance education leader who is exhibiting personality traits that will enable him or her to move a distance education institution forward.The futures triangle was used to contextualize and historicize the character of a leader who has the ability to be innovative and willing to take risks in the face of crisis. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how some historical factors have not only influenced the leadership practices in distance education, but they have molded the characters of distance education leaders. The futures triangle mapping process revealed that the legacy of colonialism, the lack of managerial skills, the slow adoption of using technologies, the growing number of people who cannot be accommodated in higher education, and, most recently, the Covid-19 pandemic were drivers of change that illustrated how leaders responded in time of crisis. Moving distance education forward requires resilient leaders who are agile and adaptable to lead in an open and technology-rich distance education environment.
Muon (g − 2) and flavor puzzles in the U(1)X-gauged leptoquark model
Authors: Wang Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present an economical model where an S1 leptoquark and an anomaly-free U(1)X gauge symmetry with X = B3− 2Lμ/3 − Lτ/3 are introduced, to account for the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ≡ (gμ− 2) and flavor puzzles including $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

and $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomalies together with quark and lepton flavor mixing. The Z′ gauge boson associated with the U(1)X symmetry is responsible for the $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

anomaly. Meanwhile, the specific flavor mixing patterns of quarks and leptons can be generated after the spontaneous breakdown of the U(1)X gauge symmetry via the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. The S1 leptoquark which is also charged under the U(1)X gauge symmetry can simultaneously explain the latest muon (g − 2) result and the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly. In addition, we also discuss several other experimental constraints on our model.
The second law of black hole mechanics in effective field theory
Authors: Hollands Stefan , Kovács Áron D. , Reall Harvey S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations around a stationary black hole. We show that this can be extended to define an entropy that satisfies the second law to quadratic order in perturbations, provided that one treats the higher derivative terms in the sense of effective field theory. We also address some outstanding issues with Wall’s method, in particular its gauge invariance and its relation to the Iyer-Wald entropy.
Potential effect of novel thiadiazole derivatives against radiation induced inflammation with low cardiovascular risk in rats
Authors: Zaher Nashwa H. , El-Sheikh Marwa M. , El-Hazek Rania M. , El-Gazzar Marwa G. , El-Hazek Reham M. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore new selective anti-inflammatory compounds with low cardiovascular risk. Twelve thiadiazole derivatives incorporating different amino acid moieties were newly synthesized (4–15) as potential anti-inflammatory agents with low cardiovascular risks through dual COX-2/MPO inhibition. Compounds were initially screened for their anti-inflammatory effect by assay of COX-2, the most potent (4–6, 8) were further tested for COX-1 inhibition, myeloperoxidase MPO activity as well as total nitric oxide content NO in heart of irradiated rats. Cardiac toxicity potential was evaluated by assay of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-I (Tn-I) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Celcoxcib was used as reference drug. S-(5-((4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)2-amino propanethioate (5) was the most potent anti-inflammatory with the least cardiotoxicity effect. It exhibited IC50 0.09 µM on COX-2 inhibition with very low activity on COX-1. Troponin I was elevated by 11% using compound 5 in non-irradiated rats. Moreover, compound (5) showed 73% reduction in MPO level. Results were supported by molecular docking into the active sites of COX-2 and MPO enzymes to have more insights about the possible dual inhibition of compound 5 of both enzymes.
Bilevel hyperparameter optimization for support vector classification: theoretical analysis and a solution method
Authors: Li Qingna , Li Zhen , Zemkoho Alain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSupport vector classification (SVC) is a classical and well-performed learning method for classification problems. A regularization parameter, which significantly affects the classification performance, has to be chosen and this is usually done by the cross-validation procedure. In this paper, we reformulate the hyperparameter selection problem for support vector classification as a bilevel optimization problem in which the upper-level problem minimizes the average number of misclassified data points over all the cross-validation folds, and the lower-level problems are the $$l_1$$

l
1

-loss SVC problems, with each one for each fold in T-fold cross-validation. The resulting bilevel optimization model is then converted to a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). To solve this MPEC, we propose a global relaxation cross-validation algorithm (GR–CV) based on the well-know Sholtes-type global relaxation method (GRM). It is proven to converge to a C-stationary point. Moreover, we prove that the MPEC-tailored version of the Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ), which is a key property to guarantee the convergence of the GRM, automatically holds at each feasible point of this MPEC. Extensive numerical results verify the efficiency of the proposed approach. In particular, compared with other methods, our algorithm enjoys superior generalization performance over almost all the data sets used in this paper.
PROSPECT: 4- and 6-year follow-up of a randomised trial of surgery for vaginal prolapse
Authors: Reid Fiona M. , Aucott Lorna , Glazener Cathryn M. A. , Elders Andrew , Hemming Christine , Cooper Kevin G. , Freeman Robert M. , Smith Anthony R. B. , Hagen Suzanne , Kilonzo Mary , Boyers Dwayne , MacLennan Graeme , Norrie John , Breeman Suzanne ,   [for the PROSPECT study group]
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Our aim was to compare the mid-term results of native tissue, biological xenograft and polypropylene mesh surgery for women with vaginal wall prolapse.

Methods
A total of 1348 women undergoing primary transvaginal repair of an anterior and/or posterior prolapse were recruited between January 2010 and August 2013 from 35 UK centres. They were randomised by remote allocation to native tissue surgery, biological xenograft or polypropylene mesh. We performed both 4- and 6-year follow-up using validated patient-reported outcome measures.

Results
At 4 and 6 years post-operation, there was no clinically important difference in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score for any of the treatments. Using a strict composite outcome to assess functional cure at 6 years, we found no difference in cure among the three types of surgery. Half the women were cured at 6 years but only 10.3 to 12% of women had undergone further surgery for prolapse. However, 8.4% of women in the mesh group had undergone further surgery for mesh complications. There was no difference in the incidence of chronic pain or dyspareunia between groups.

Conclusions
At the mid-term outcome of 6 years, there is no benefit from augmenting primary prolapse repairs with polypropylene mesh inlays or biological xenografts. There was no evidence that polypropylene mesh inlays caused greater pain or dyspareunia than native tissue repairs.
Use of ketamine in patients with refractory severe asthma exacerbations: systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: La Via Luigi , Sanfilippo Filippo , Cuttone Giuseppe , Dezio Veronica , Falcone Monica , Brancati Serena , Crimi Claudia , Astuto Marinella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of symptoms. Severe asthma exacerbations (SAEs) are characterized by worsening symptoms and bronchospasm requiring emergency department visits. In addition to conventional strategies for SAEs (inhaled β-agonists, anticholinergics, and systemic corticosteroids), another pharmacological option is represented by ketamine. We performed a systematic review to explore the role of ketamine in refractory SAEs.

Methods
We performed a systematic search on PubMed and EMBASE up to August 12th, 2021. We selected prospective studies only, and outcomes of interest were oxygenation/respiratory parameters, clinical status, need for invasive ventilation and effects on weaning.

Results
We included a total of seven studies, five being randomized controlled trials (RCTs, population range 44–92 patients). The two small prospective studies (n = 10 and n = 11) did not have a control group. Four studies focused on adults, and three enrolled a pediatric population. We found a large heterogeneity regarding sample size, age and gender distribution, inclusion criteria (different severity scores, if any) and ketamine dosing (bolus and/or continuous infusion). Of the five RCTs, three compared ketamine to placebo, while one used fentanyl and the other aminophylline. The outcomes evaluated by the included studies were highly variable. Despite paucity of data and large heterogeneity, an overview of the included studies suggests absence of clear benefit produced by ketamine in patients with refractory SAE, and some signals towards side effects.

Conclusion
Our systematic review does not support the use of ketamine in refractory SAE. A limited number of prospective studies with large heterogeneity was found. Well-designed multicenter RCTs are desirable.