bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticality Study of Spent Fuel Storage Rack of Ship-Based Small Modular Reactor
Authors: Ye Yaoxin , Zhao Jun , Xu Yunfei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The boron-free fuel storage pool of the ship-based SMR is part of the ship’s fuel operation and storage system. The spent fuel storage rack in the fuel temporary pool is used to store spent fuel assemblies unloaded from the core after the ship’s reactor is shut down. Compared with onshore reactors, ship-based reactors face more complex marine conditions and accident conditions during the operation on the sea, such as tilting, swaying, and collision, etc. As a consequence, the fuel storage rack of the ship will be deformed and there is a risk of supercritical accident. In this work, the criticality study of spent fuel storage rack of a ship-based reactor was performed. First, the deformation of storage rack under marine conditions and accident conditions were obtained by mechanical analysis. Then, various criticality analysis models were established and the critical calculation was carried out by the JMCT Monte Carlo code, accounting for the deformation of such conditions of the spent fuel storage rack. The effects of different marine conditions and accident conditions on the effective multiplication factor of the ship-based storage rack were investigated. The results show that the studied ship-based boron-free storage rack is in a subcritical state under the conditions considered above.
Research and Application Innovation of Digital Twin Technologies for Key Equipment of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Zhao Dong , Guan Fenghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nuclear power equipment is an important part of nuclear power plant. It has the characteristics of complex system structure, long manufacturing cycle, long-term operation under irradiation conditions and poor working environment. It has high requirements for product quality grade. High reliability nuclear power equipment is an important premise and guarantee for the smooth construction and safe operation of nuclear power plant. Through digital twin technology, optimizing the design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance process of nuclear power equipment and improving the operation and maintenance efficiency of systems and equipment will be an important direction for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of nuclear power plants. This paper studies the digital twin core technologies such as multi-scale modeling, multidisciplinary joint simulation, virtual reality presentation and data mining, draws lessons from the concept of data life cycle management, develops the digital design platform of nuclear power equipment, realizes the integration of three-dimensional design, analysis, verification and Simulation of nuclear power equipment, and integrates the key data and models of nuclear power equipment operation, Provide support for the monitoring and maintenance of in-service equipment, and promote the digital transformation and upgrading of R & D and operation of key equipment in nuclear power plants.
Experimental Study on Pressure Pulsation of RCP With Steam Generator
Authors: Huang Song , Song Yu , Yin Junlian , Xu Rui , Wang Dezhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The reactor coolant pump (RCP) is an important equipment for transporting coolant. Its safe and dependable functioning is linked to the nuclear power plant’s stable operation. Two input conditions of the nuclear main pump were investigated in the experiment: The nuclear main pump’s inlet was connected to the straight pipe section, and the steam generator’s inlet was connected to the steam generator. The second connection mode look more like real nuclear power facilities. Due to the varied upper inlet connection, pressure pulsation with various characteristics occurs in the core main pump. When the steam generator is linked to the nuclear main pump’s input, the nuclear main pump’s pressure pulsation increases dramatically. And the entire pump has an obvious low frequency of about 3.9Hz, which has become the first primary frequency of pressure pulsation in the entire pump.
The Core Design Modifications for Stirling Thermal-Electric Integrated Micro Reactor
Authors: Yan Xia , Ou Xuedong , Lin Mingqiang , Mou Jian , Sun Shaolei , Chi Chunyun , Zhao Chunqing , Zhou Qin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Currently a two-step designing method of sequential neutronic physics and Stirling physical analysis was used for a Miniature Integrated nuclear Reactor design with gravity independent Autonomous Circulation (ACMIR). It was proposed in this article to optimize the intermediate/transitive variables of dead volume and heat exchange area/dead volume ratio as much as possible in the first step so that the system objectives in the second step can be better achieved. The ACMIR core was modified from using rod typed fuels to using plate typed fuels, making use of the plated core’s advantages of easy compression of coolant flow channel while maintaining large heat transfer area. As applied to a 40kWt cooperative dual Stirling power system design of ACMIR, the output power and efficiency index of the system had been significantly improved from 981W to 6395W (each Stirling), with efficiency from 7.4% to 26.6%.
Design and Development of Intelligent Replacement Robot for Radioactive Spent Filter Element in NPP and Its Performance Validation
Authors: Ge Yongjun , Lin Yishan , Xie Honghu , Yang Jinchun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During the operation of a nuclear power plant, many main systems will generate variety of radioactive spent filter elements. These filter elements are main solid waste which need to be replaced regularly to keep safety of these systems. Because these filter elements have a certain level of radioactivity, the replacement operation has a higher risk. Therefore, according to the national and nuclear power plant radioactive waste regulations, it is necessary to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the radiation protection, make sure that operator and facilities are protected from radiation exposure or minimized. Based on the analysis of the filter element replacement process and equipment of domestic nuclear power units in service, combined with the requirements of newel construction of intelligent nuclear power plants, it is necessary to propose a radioactive spent filter element intelligent replacement ROBOT program. This paper discusses the design scheme of a new intelligent replacement robot for radioactive spent filter elements, and key issues involving fully automatic replacement technology for radioactive filter elements, such as filter layout and filter element replacement process optimization, robot grabbing actuator design, robot positioning mechanism design and accuracy guarantee, etc. have been systematically studied. A set of robot systems with intelligent replacement of radioactive irrationality have been developed. The test has been verified and the technical conditions for implementation in NPP have been met.
A Drive-Through Passenger Vehicle Inspecting System Using X-Ray Digital Radiography
Authors: Tong Jianmin , Huang Yibin , Guo Xiaojing , Chen Liu , Cong Peng , Wang Zhentao , Xing Guilai , Wang Liqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using X-ray or γ-ray to inspect vehicles is an effective way to find threats such as stowaways and contrabands hidden inside. Popularly used vehicle inspection devices at present require passengers to get off the vehicle, and then the vehicle is dragged by a conveyor to move through the inspection device. One disadvantage of such devices is that inspecting efficiency is very low. In this paper, a drive-through mode passenger vehicle inspecting system is introduced, with which passengers in a vehicle need not get off and efficiency is greatly improved. Patented high-pressure gas ionization chamber is used as radiation detector to collect the low radiation signal. A deep-learning study algorithm is adopted to realize image recognition to find specified object. The system can greatly increase security check efficiency with good image quality.
Study of Pre-Oxidization Law and Fretting Wear Resistance of CZ2 Alloy Cladding
Authors: Sun Guocheng , Lin Shi , Wang Xu , Chen Liutao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the core of pressurized water nuclear reactor, coolant flow-induced vibration of Grid to rod fretting (GTRF) is the dominant factor leading to fuel rod damage. pre-oxidization treatment of zirconium cladding forming a ceramic layer on its surface is the main way to reduce the GTRF wear. In this paper, the growth law of CZ2 alloy cladding pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer formed in air was studied. The micro-hardness and elastic modulus of CZ2 alloy cladding and zirconia ceramic layer were measured by in-situ nano-mechanical testing system., while the morphology of these pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer were observed by scanning electron microscope. The fretting wear properties of the pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer were studied by high temperature and high pressure fretting wear tests. The results show that the pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer growth law of CZ2 alloy cladding at 560°C and 600°C is consistent, and the pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer are compact and crack-free. The pre-oxidization zirconia ceramic layer can improve the fretting wear resistance of CZ2 alloy cladding at high temperature and high pressure, and the maximum wear depth were reduced by 80%.
Study on Out-Pile Performance of CZ Zirconium Alloy Guide Tube
Authors: Gao Changyuan , Shi Lin , Zhang Guoliang , Xu Yang , Chen Minli , Chen Liutao , Tan Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Based on the composition of CZ1 alloy and CZ2 alloy, guide tubes were fabricated. The performance of CZ1 and CZ2 alloy guide tube was studied. Through microscopic observation, it can be seen that the CZ alloy guide tube has a completely recrystallized structure with fine grains and dispersed second phase particles. Autoclave Corrosion test shows that the corrosion resistance of CZ1 and CZ2 alloy in pure water at 360°C is better than recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy tubes, and the corrosion resistance of CZ1 alloy in steam at 400°C is similar to recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and better than CZ2 and recrystallized Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy. The mechanical test shows that the yield strength and tensile strength of CZ alloy are equal to or slightly higher than recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy at room temperature and elevated temperature. The out-pile axial creep tests show that the creep deformation of various alloys are very small for low stress (60MPa) conditions, and the axial creep resistance of CZ alloy is better than that of recrystallized Zr-4 alloy and inferior to recrystallized Zr-1Sn-1Nb alloy for high stress (&gt; 100MPa) conditions. According to the comprehensive evaluation of the out-pile test results, CZ alloy guide tube has excellent out-pile performance, and CZ alloys have the prospect of being used as guide tube material.
Study on Water Chemistry and Temperature Adaptability of CZ Zirconium Alloy
Authors: Chen Hansen , Gao Changyuan , Chen Liutao , Wang Xu , Tan Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of zirconium alloys is closely related to the water chemistry and operating temperature of the primary circuit. The increase of operating temperature, Li concentration and pH value will have a significant negative impact on the corrosion behavior of zirconium alloy. Autoclave corrosion tests of CZ and Zr-4 alloys were carried out under different water chemistry conditions (Li concentration and pH300 were 3.5ppm/7.2, 4.5ppm/7.2, 4.5ppm/7.5, 7ppm/7.5 respectively) and temperature conditions (360 °C, 400 °C, 430 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C). The effects of different temperature and water chemistry conditions on the corrosion rate of different zirconium alloys were obtained and the information of oxide film thickness and hydrogen content of different samples in different corrosion stages were obtained to study the temperature and water chemistry adaptability of zirconium alloys. The experimental results show that breakaway corrosion and nodule corrosion occur in Zr-4 alloy above 430 °C, and the thickness of oxide film and hydrogen absorption increase significantly. However, the corrosion law of CZ alloys keep the same from 360 °C to 500 °C, and there is no breakaway corrosion or nodule corrosion. The relationships between corrosion rate and temperature accord with Arrhenius formula, showing good temperature adaptability. Under relatively severe water chemistry conditions (Li concentration and pH300 are 4.5 ppm and 7.5 respectively), the corrosion rate of various zirconium alloys does not increase obviously, and there is no nodule corrosion phenomenon. The increase of oxide film thickness and hydrogen absorption capacity is not obvious, showing good water chemistry adaptability.
Analytical Study for Low Ground Contact Ratio of Buildings Due to the Basemat Uplift Using a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model
Authors: Choi Byunghyun , Nishida Akemi , Shiomi Tadahiko , Kawata Manabu , Li Yinsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The basemat uplift is a phenomenon that the bottom of the basemat of a building partially rises from the ground due to overturning moments and vertical motions during earthquake. The degree of the basemat uplift can be indicated using a ground contact ratio which is defined as a ratio of the contact area of the bottom of the basemat to its entire area. The problem is that, at a large earthquake, the basemat uplift becomes large, so-called low ground contact ratio state, and the basemat falls resultant to recontact between the basemat and the ground, and large acceleration response occur on the floor of the building. It is a crucial aspect in the seismic evaluation of a nuclear facility building. It affects not only structural integrity of the building but also the response of the equipment installed in the building. However, the building behavior under the low ground contact ratio state lacks sufficient study. In this study, we conducted seismic response analyses for the building using a three-dimensional finite element model and simulated shaking table experiments focused on the basemat uplift and confirmed the validity of this analysis method. Since the basemat uplift is a strong non-linear phenomenon, we conducted computer simulations under the same analysis conditions with three different analysis codes, namely E-FrontISTR, FINAS/STAR, and TDAPIII, and compared the results. We investigated the influence on the structural response caused by the difference of the adhesive force of the basemat and the bearing ground at the low ground contact ratio state. In addition, we studied the influence of numerical parameters to the structural response through sensitivity analyses. This paper reports the analysis results and the insights obtained from our investigations.
Tackle Your Feelings: Experience of Help-Seeking for Mental Well-Being Concerns in Professional Rugby Union Players
Authors: Lyons Deirdre , Clarke Philip , Dempsey Robert C. 
Published: November 2022

Limited research into professional rugby union players’ experiences of seeking formal support for their mental health exists, despite comparable rates of mental health issues among elite rugby players with the general population. This qualitative study explored professional players’ actual experiences of accessing Rugby Players Ireland’s mental well-being service, via separate focus group discussions with professional players (n = 5) and player development managers (n = 4) who refer players into the service. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis identified three themes detailing players’ (a) journey to disclosure of their mental health difficulties, (b) their expectations and engagement with the well-being service, and (c) participants’ reflections on mental health experiences in a high-performance environment. Embedding mental health as a key component of player development in high-performance environments, improving mental health literacy, normalizing mental health experiences, and encouraging help-seeking would help promote player well-being and support holistic development alongside sporting performance.
Effect of clinical chorioamnionitis on breathing effort in premature infants at birth: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Panneflek Timothy J R , Kuypers Kristel L A M , Polglase Graeme R , Hooper Stuart B , van den Akker Thomas , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: November 2022

RationaleAntenatal inflammation, usually associated with chorioamnionitis, is a major cause of premature birth. As inflammation could depress respiratory drive, we have examined the effect of clinical chorioamnionitis (CCA) on spontaneous breathing in premature infants at birth.MethodsInfants with CCA born <30 weeks’ gestation were matched with control infants based on gestational age (±6 days), birth weight (±300 g), antenatal corticosteroids, sex and general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was breathing effort, assessed as minute volume (MV) of spontaneous breathing. We also measured tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) and apnoea in the first 5 min and additional physiological parameters in the first 10 min after start of respiratory support.ResultsNinety-two infants were included (n=46 CCA infants vs n=46 controls; median (IQR) gestational age 26+4(25+0–27+6) vs 26+6(25+1–28+3) weeks). MV and Vt were significantly lower (MV: 43 (17–93) vs 70 (31–119) mL/kg/min, p=0.043; Vt: 2.6 (1.9–3.6) vs 2.9 (2.2–4.8) mL/kg/breath, p=0.046), whereas RR was similar in CCA infants compared with controls. Incidence of apnoea was higher (5 (2-6) vs 2 (1-4), p=0.002), and total duration of apnoea was longer (90 (21-139) vs 35 (12-98) s, p=0.025) in CCA infants. CCA infants took significantly longer to reach an oxygen saturation >80% (3:37 (2:10–4:29) vs 2:25 (1:06–3:52) min, p=0.016) and had a lower oxygen saturation at 5 min (77 (66–92) vs 91 (68–94) %, p=0.028), despite receiving more oxygen (62 (48-76) vs 54 (43-73) %, p=0.036).ConclusionCCA is associated with reduced breathing effort and oxygenation in premature infants at birth.
Identifying central 10° visual subfield associated with future worsening of visual acuity in eyes with advanced glaucoma
Authors: Asaoka Ryo , Sugisaki Kenji , Inoue Toshihiro , Yoshikawa Keiji , Kanamori Akiyasu , Yamazaki Yoshio , Ishikawa Shinichiro , Uchida Kenichi , Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto 
Published: November 2022

Background/aimsTo determine a cluster of test points: visual subfield (VSF) of Humphrey Field Analyzer 10–2 test (HFA 10–2) of which baseline sensitivities were associated with future worsening of visual acuity (VA) in eyes with advanced glaucoma.MethodsA total of 175 advanced glaucoma eyes of 175 advanced glaucoma patients with well controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), a mean deviation of the Humphrey Field Analyzer 24–2 (HFA 24–2) test ≤ −20 decibels and best corrected VA ≥20/40, were included. At baseline, HFA 24–2 and HFA 10–2 tests were performed along with VA measurements. All patients underwent prospective follow-up of 5 years, and VA was measured every 6 months. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify visual field sensitivities associated with deterioration of VA and also blindness.ResultsDeterioration of VA and blindness were observed in 15.4% and 3.4% of the eyes, respectively. More negative total deviation (TD) values in the temporal papillomacular bundle VSF were significantly associated with deterioration in VA. Averages of the TD values in this area of the HFA 10–2 test had the most predictive power of future VA deterioration (OR: 0.92, p<0.001). A very similar tendency was observed for blindness.ConclusionIn advanced glaucoma eyes with well-controlled IOP, careful attention is needed when the mean TD values in the temporal papillomacular bundle VSF, measured with a HFA 10–2 test is deteriorated. TD values of this VSF indicate higher risks for future deterioration of VA and also blindness.
Quality assessment of colour fundus and fluorescein angiography images using deep learning
Authors: König Michael , Seeböck Philipp , Gerendas Bianca S , Mylonas Georgios , Winklhofer Rudolf , Dimakopoulou Ioanna , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula Margarethe 
Published: November 2022

Background/aimsImage quality assessment (IQA) is crucial for both reading centres in clinical studies and routine practice, as only adequate quality allows clinicians to correctly identify diseases and treat patients accordingly. Here we aim to develop a neural network for automated real-time IQA in colour fundus (CF) and fluorescein angiography (FA) images.MethodsTraining and evaluation of two neural networks were conducted using 2272 CF and 2492 FA images, with binary labels in four (contrast, focus, illumination, shadow and reflection) and three (contrast, focus, noise) modality specific categories plus an overall quality ranking. Performance was compared with a second human grader, evaluated on an external public dataset and in a clinical trial use-case.ResultsThe networks achieved a F1-score/area under the receiving operator characteristic/precision recall curve of 0.907/0.963/0.966 for CF and 0.822/0.918/0.889 for FA in overall quality prediction with similar results in most categories. A clear relation between model uncertainty and prediction error was observed. In the clinical trial use-case evaluation, the networks achieved an accuracy of 0.930 for CF and 0.895 for FA.ConclusionThe presented method allows automated IQA in real time, demonstrating human-level performance for CF as well as FA. Such models can help to overcome the problem of human intergrader and intragrader variability by providing objective and reproducible IQA results. It has particular relevance for real-time feedback in multicentre clinical studies, when images are uploaded to central reading centre portals. Moreover, automated IQA as preprocessing step can support integrating automated approaches into clinical practice.
PMI’s IQOS and cigarette ads in Israeli media: a content analysis across regulatory periods and target population subgroups
Authors: Khayat Amal , Berg Carla J , Levine Hagai , Rodnay Maya , Abroms Lorien , Romm Katelyn F , Duan Zongshuan , Bar-Zeev Yael 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIQOS, manufactured by Philip Morris International (PMI), is the highest selling heated tobacco product globally. IQOS went through several regulatory changes in Israel: from no oversight to minimal tobacco legislation, to progressive legislation that included a partial advertisement ban (exempting print media) and plain packaging. We examined how PMI’s advertising messages changed during these regulatory periods for both IQOS and cigarettes.MethodsContent analysis of PMI’s IQOS and cigarette ads was performed using a predefined framework. Ad characteristics included regulatory period, target population, setting, product presentation, age and use restrictions, retail accessibility, additional detail cues (eg, QR code) and promotions. Ad themes included product features, legislation-related elements, social norms and comparative claims. Comparisons between IQOS and cigarette ads, and across regulatory periods, were examined using χ2test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThe dataset included 125 IQOS ads and 71 cigarette ads. IQOS ads featured more age restrictions, retail accessibility and additional detail cues, compared with cigarette ads (93.6% vs 16.9%; 56.0% vs 0.0%; and 95.2% vs 33.8%, p<0.001 for all). Cigarette ads featured mostly price promotions (52.1% vs 10.1% of IQOS ads, p<0.001). The main ad themes were technology for IQOS (85.6%) and quality for cigarettes (50.7%). In later (vs earlier) restrictive regulatory periods, IQOS ads featured more direct comparisons to cigarettes, QR codes and indoor settings, and did not feature product packaging.ConclusionsIQOS advertisement content shifted as more restrictions went into effect, with several elements used to circumvent legislation. Findings from this study point to the necessity of a complete advertisement ban and ongoing marketing surveillance.