bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYMptoms in chronic heart failure imPACT on burden of treatment (SYMPACT): a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Austin Rosalynn C. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Koutra Vasiliki , Richardson Alison , Kalra Paul R. , May Carl R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to describe patient‐reported symptoms and burden of treatment (BoT) experienced by patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BoT describes the illness workload, individual capacity to perform that work, and resultant impact on the individual. Overwhelming BoT is related to poor quality of life and worse clinical outcomes. This research is the first to explore symptoms and BoT in people with CHF, in the UK.Methods and resultsThis is a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of CHF patients. Participants completed the Heart Failure Symptom Survey (HFSS; max score 10) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ; max scores: physical 40, emotional 25, and total 105), which measured symptoms. BoT was measured with the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self‐management (PETS; max score 100) questionnaires. Participant characteristics and questionnaire results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between symptoms and BoT, summarized by the workload and impact indices, were explored using Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients together with scatter plots. The survey was completed by 333 participants, mean age of 71 (±13) years old. The majority (89%) were recruited from secondary care NHS trusts, and 25% were female. All types of heart failure were represented. Mean symptom scores were as follows: HFSS burden score: 2.4 (±2.1), and MLHFQ scores: physical score 20 (±12.4), emotional score 9.9 (±8.1), and total score 41.3 (±26.3). The highest mean PETS domain scores were exercise [51.3 (±24.7)], diet [40.3 (±22.7)], difficulty with healthcare services [39.9 (±21.3)], and physical and mental fatigue [36.0 (±25.7)]. Pairwise correlations were observed between HFSS scores and MLHFQ physical and emotional sub‐scores with PETS workload and impact indices. Positive correlations were weak to moderate (0.326–0.487) between workload index and symptoms, and moderate to strong between impact index and symptoms (0.553–0.725). The P value was 0.006, adjusted by Bonferroni's correction.ConclusionsSymptoms are associated with BoT in CHF patients. Although symptom burden was low, CHF patients reported higher levels of burden around self‐care activities of exercise, diet, healthcare interaction, as well as physical and mental fatigue due to engagement with self‐care regimens. Observed higher levels of burden were in key self‐care areas for CHF and suggest areas where service delivery and support of CHF patients may be improved to reduce BoT. Clinicians could individualize their consultations by focusing on troublesome symptoms, as well as alleviating illness workload, which may better enable patients to live well with CHF.
Risk of heart failure among colon and rectal cancer survivors: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Kuiper Josephina G. , van Herk‐Sukel Myrthe P.P. , Lemmens Valery E.P.P. , Kuiper Mathijs J. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Herings Ron M.C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThis population‐based case–control study aims to investigate the occurrence of heart failure (HF) among colon and rectal cancer survivors compared with a cancer‐free control population taking into account pre‐existing cardiovascular risk factors and the influence of treatment.Methods and resultsColon and rectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 were selected from a linked cohort of cancer and primary care data in the Netherlands and matched based on gender, birth year, general practitioner (GP) practice, and follow‐up period to cancer‐free controls. The occurrence of HF was identified based on GP recorded diagnoses after index date (diagnosis date for cases). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia. A total of 5333 colon cancer cases and 2468 rectal cancer cases could be matched to a total of 31 204 cancer‐free controls. A statistically significant increased risk of HF was seen among all cases compared with cancer‐free controls (HR 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–1.59). This was also seen when analysing colon cancer and rectal cancer separately. Being diagnosed with stage IV cancer, having hypertension, or having hypercholesterolaemia statistically significantly increased the risk of HF among colon cancer. Hypertension was a statistically significant risk factor for developing HF among rectal cancer cases.ConclusionsColon and rectal cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing HF. More awareness should be created by treating physicians and GPs for this potential increased risk in order to further improve survival.
Multivariable prognostic model for heart failure in Chinese Han population‐based setting
Authors: Huang Man , Xiao Lei , Sun Yang , Hu Dong , Chen Yanghui , Wang Yan , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe prognosis of heart failure (HF) depends on genetic predisposition, and recent studies have shown that impaired autophagy is involved in HF. This study was aimed to construct a prognostic model combining polygenetic background based on the autophagy pathway and other traditional risk factors (TRF) of HF prognosis.Methods and resultsVia re‐analysing the transcriptomic data of 50 failing and 14 non‐failing donors, differentially expressed autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) were chosen for further comparison and analysis with whole exome sequencing and follow‐up data of 1000 HF patients. By searching from reported articles, prognosis‐related polymorphisms were identified. ARGs and prognosis‐related polymorphisms were used to develop genetic risk score (GRS) and genetic risk factor (GRF), respectively. We compared the predictive power of five models [Model 1, GRS; Model 2, composite of TRF and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP); Model 3, composite of TRF, NT‐proBNP, and GRS; Model 4, composite of TRF, NT‐proBNP, and GRF; and Model 5, composite of TRF, NT‐proBNP, GRF, and GRS] by applying receiver operating characteristic curves. Twenty‐four prognosis‐related polymorphisms were used to construct GRF and 11 variants among 48 differentially expressed ARGs associated with clinical outcomes of HF patients were applied for GRS. GRS was strongly associated with cardiac mortality of HF patients, independent of TRF and GRF (95% confidence interval 1.273–1.739, P = 5.78 × 10−7). Comparing with patients with lowest GRS tertile, those with highest tertile had higher risks of developing worse clinical outcomes (hazard ratio = 1.866; 95% confidence interval 1.352–2.575, P = 1.47 × 10−4). The discrimination power of the model including GRS, TRF, GRF, and NT‐proBNP is most considerable (area under curve = 0.777), especially in men, patients over 60, patients with hypertension, patients without diabetes or hyperlipidaemia.ConclusionsThe model combining autophagy‐related GRS, TRF, GRF, and NT‐proBNP performs well in distinguishing between worse‐prognosis and better‐prognosis HF patients, leading a promising strategy for HF treatment and HF prevention.
Cationic Iridium(I) NHC‐Phosphinidene Complexes and Their Application in Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions
Authors: Peters Marius , Bockfeld Dirk , Tamm Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reaction of the dimeric iridium complex [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with the N‐heterocyclic carbene‐phosphinidene adduct (IDipp)PH (1, IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) afforded the neutral bimetallic iridium(I) complex [μ‐{(IDipp)PH}{Ir(cod)Cl}2] (2), and further addition of IDipp(PH) (1) yielded the corresponding monometallic iridium(I) complex [{(IDipp)PH}Ir(cod)Cl] (3). Dechlorination of these complexes with sodium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF4) yielded their cationic derivatives [{μ‐(IDipp)PH}{Ir(cod)}2{μ‐Cl}][BArF4] (4) and [{(IDipp)PH}Ir(cod)(PPh3)][BArF4] (5). All complexes were structurally characterized and showed the expected square‐planar coordination geometry and significant polarization of the P−C bond of the NHC‐phosphinidene adduct upon metal coordination. The complexes 4 and 5 were tested for their applicability in catalytic H/D exchange reactions, and both complexes showed high activity for a broad range of aromatic substrates, ranging from ketones, amides, esters, nitro compounds and heterocycles.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Syngas and HCOOH by Homogeneous Fc‐NAP2
Authors: Akhter Sk Samim , Padhi Sumanta Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatalytic CO2 reduction is an emerging domain of sustainable energy. The behavior of polypyridyl ligand to reduce CO2 into value‐added products is quite rare. In this study, the Fc‐NAP2 (Fc‐NAP2=1,1‐bis[1,8‐naphthyrid‐2‐yl]ferrocene) has been employed for CO2 reduction in CH3CN/H2O (90 : 10, v/v) under homogeneous electrochemical conditions at −1.6 V vs. SCE. The Fc‐NAP2 efficiently produces CO/HCOOH/H2 from CO2 through proton coupled 2e− reduction at an overpotential of 735 mV vs. SCE, wherein the TOF and Faradaic efficiency of CO, H2, and HCOOH was found to be 8.5 h−1, 14 h−1, 4.61 h−1 and 11.9±0.09 %, 19.4±0.08 %, 10.8±0.02 % respectively at −1.6 V vs. SCE after 3 h of electrolysis.
Organic Synthesis with Elemental Lanthanides – Going Beyond Samarium and Ytterbium
Authors: Bousrez Guillaume , Jaroschik Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLanthanide (Ln) metals are strong reducing agents (E0(Ln3+/Ln0)≈−2.3 V vs. NHE) which can be applied in various manners in organic synthesis. While samarium and ytterbium have been employed for more than 50 years, the last 20 years have seen the emergence of synthetic applications using other metals, such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium or dysprosium. The large electron reservoir of lanthanide metals, the Lewis acidic character of the Ln3+ ions and their intermediate electronegativity compared to lithium or magnesium can provide unique reactivity patterns. This review provides an overview on the potential of these metals for synthetic organic chemistry in the following areas: 1) for Grignard type reactivity and radical generation, 2) in reduction chemistry involving carbonyl compounds and dehalogenation reactions and 3) in combination with transition metals.
Fish Species Sensitivity Ranking Depends on Pesticide Exposure Profiles
Authors: Nickisch Born Gericke Dirk , Rall Björn Christian , Singer Alexander , Ashauer Roman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the regulatory environmental risk assessment of plant protection products, the exposure tested in standard toxicity tests assumes simple exposure dynamics, such as constant exposure at the first stage of testing. However, environmental exposure can be highly dynamic. A species response to exposure is governed by toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD). Therefore, it can be expected that the sensitivity of a species to a substance is dependent on the interplay of TKTD processes with the dynamics of the exposure. We investigated whether exposure dynamics affects species sensitivity of five fish species and if their sensitivity rankings differ among exposure profiles. We analyzed individual survival under projected surface water exposure to benzovindiflupyr. For this purpose, we calibrated compound- and species-specific reduced general unified threshold models of survival (GUTS-RED) models from standard laboratory toxicity data with the assumptions of stochastic death and individual tolerance. Using the calibrated models, we generated species sensitivity distributions based on median lethal profile multiplication factors for three characteristic exposure profiles. The analysis was performed using different GUTS-RED implementations: openGUTS (MATLAB® and Windows® versions) and the R package morse. The sensitivity rankings of the fish species changed as a function of exposure profile. For a multiple-peak scenario, rainbow trout was the most sensitive species. For a single peak followed by a slow concentration decline the most sensitive species was the fathead minnow (GUTS-RED-stochastic death) or the common carp (GUTS-RED-individual tolerance). Our results suggest that a single most sensitive species cannot be defined for all situations, all exposure profiles, and both GUTS-RED variants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1732–1741. © 2022 Syngenta. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Benchmarking statistical methods for analyzing parent–child dyads in genetic association studies
Authors: Ray Debashree , Vergara Candelaria , Taub Margaret A. , Wojcik Genevieve , Ladd‐Acosta Christine , Beaty Terri H. , Duggal Priya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic association studies of child health outcomes often employ family‐based study designs. One of the most popular family‐based designs is the case–parent trio design that considers the smallest possible nuclear family consisting of two parents and their affected child. This trio design is particularly advantageous for studying relatively rare disorders because it is less prone to type 1 error inflation due to population stratification compared to population‐based study designs (e.g., case–control studies). However, obtaining genetic data from both parents is difficult, from a practical perspective, and many large studies predominantly measure genetic variants in mother–child dyads. While some statistical methods for analyzing parent‐child dyad data (most commonly involving mother–child pairs) exist, it is not clear if they provide the same advantage as trio methods in protecting against population stratification, or if a specific dyad design (e.g., case–mother dyads vs. case–mother/control–mother dyads) is more advantageous. In this article, we review existing statistical methods for analyzing genome‐wide marker data on dyads and perform extensive simulation experiments to benchmark their type I errors and statistical power under different scenarios. We extend our evaluation to existing methods for analyzing a combination of case–parent trios and dyads together. We apply these methods on genotyped and imputed data from multiethnic mother–child pairs only, case–parent trios only or combinations of both dyads and trios from the Gene, Environment Association Studies consortium (GENEVA), where each family was ascertained through a child affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Results from the GENEVA study corroborate the findings from our simulation experiments. Finally, we provide recommendations for using statistical genetic association methods for dyads.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Pennsylvania and its healthcare system
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse , Hermane Allison 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has taken a toll on Pennsylvania, and the fight against the pandemic continues, with the commonwealth's hospitals and health systems at the epicenter. This report aims to demonstrate the magnitude of the impact of the pandemic on Pennsylvania, with specific attention to its hospitals and health systems and their financial status during the very first year of the pandemic.MethodsTo measure this magnitude, publicly available US and Pennsylvania COVID‐19 data is analyzed, including more detailed geographical, rural/urban, and race/ethnicity analyses.ResultsThe results show that the case counts started with just two cases on March 6, 2020, and rose to approximately a million by the first anniversary of the pandemic's arrival in the commonwealth. Tragically, the death toll totaled nearly 25,000 during the first year. Philadelphia County had the highest number of total COVID‐19 cases, while Forest County had the highest incidence rate. The Southeast region had the highest number of total COVID‐19 cases, while the Lehigh Valley had the highest incidence rate. The incidence rate also was higher in rural counties than in urban counties. Black and Latino/a/x populations of Pennsylvania were disproportionally affected by the virus. Several reports measured the financial impact of the pandemic on the state's hospitals to be $4.1–$5 billion during this year.ConclusionHospitals are economic anchors of their communities. To fulfill their critical mission during the pandemic and beyond—and remain economic and community anchors—they need ongoing state and federal support.
Demonstration of a compact deep UV Raman spatial heterodyne spectrometer for biologics analysis
Authors: Foster Michael , Brooks William , Jahn Philipp , Hedberg Jesper , Andersson Andreas , Ashton And Lorna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments are increasingly important classes of biotherapeutics. However, these products are both challenging and expensive to manufacture. New process analytical technologies used to monitor these products during their manufacture are of significant interest. Deep UV Raman spectroscopy promises to provide the required specificity and accuracy, however instruments, have historically been large and complex. In this paper, a new deep UV Raman instrument is described using a solid‐state laser and a spatial heterodyne spectrometer. The instrument overcomes practical limitations of the technique and could readily be used for online measurement. A series of observations have been made of biopharmaceutical products, including immunoglobulin G and domain antibodies. Where high levels of both specificity and linearity when measuring samples of different concentration with a precision of better than 0.05 mg/mL has been demonstrated.
The northern treeshrew (Scandentia: Tupaiidae:Tupaia belangeri) in the context of primate locomotor evolution: A comprehensive analysis of gait, positional, and grasping behavior
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. , Toussaint Severine L. D. , Young Melody W. , Panyutina Aleksandra , Youlatos Dionisios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe locomotor behaviors of treeshrews are often reported as scurrying “squirrel‐like” movements. As such, treeshrews have received little attention beyond passing remarks in regard to primate locomotor evolution. However, scandentians vary considerably in habitat and substrate use, thus categorizing all treeshrew locomotion based on data collected from a single species is inappropriate. This study presents data on gait characteristics, positional, and grasping behavior of the northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) and compares these findings to the fat‐tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) to assess the role of treeshrews as a model for understanding the origins of primate locomotor and grasping evolution. We found that northern treeshrews were primarily arboreal and shared their activities between quadrupedalism, climbing and leaping in rates similar to fat‐tailed dwarf lemurs. During quadrupedal locomotion, they exhibited a mixture of gait characteristics consistent with primates and other small‐bodied non‐primate mammals and demonstrated a hallucal grasping mode consistent with primates. These data reveal that northern treeshrews show a mosaic of primitive mammalian locomotor characteristics paired with derived primate features. Further, this study raises the possibility that many of the locomotor and grasping characteristics considered to be “uniquely” primate may ultimately be features consistent with Euarchonta.
Exploring the expanse between theoretical questions and experimental approaches in the modern study of evolvability
Authors: Draghi Jeremy A. , Ogbunugafor C. Brandon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite several decades of computational and experimental work across many systems, evolvability remains on the periphery with regards to its status as a widely accepted and regularly applied theoretical concept. Here we propose that its marginal status is partly a result of large gaps between the diverse but disconnected theoretical treatments of evolvability and the relatively narrower range of studies that have tested it empirically. To make this case, we draw on a range of examples—from experimental evolution in microbes, to molecular evolution in proteins—where attempts have been made to mend this disconnect. We highlight some examples of progress that has been made and point to areas where synthesis and translation of existing theory can lead to further progress in the still‐new field of empirical measurements of evolvability.
Long non‐coding RNA ELFN1‐AS1‐mediated ZBTB16 inhibition augments the progression of gastric cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT axis
Authors: Zhuang Shao‐Hua , Meng Chu‐Chen , Fu Jin‐Jin , Huang Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA ELFN1 antisense RNA 1 (ELFN1‐AS1) has been reported as a cancer driver in many human malignancies. This study was conducted to investigate the function of ELFN1‐AS1 in gastric cancer (GC) and its mechanism of action. Bioinformatics analysis revealed increased expression of ELFN1‐AS1 in GC, and abundant expression of ELFN1‐AS1 was observed in the acquired GC cell lines. Knockdown of ELFN1‐AS1 in GC cells weakened cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and resistance to apoptosis. ELFN1‐AS1 was mainly localized in the nuclei of GC cells. ELFN1‐AS1 recruited DNA methyltransferases to the promoter region of ZBTB16 and induced transcriptional repression of ZBTB16 through methylation modification. Furthermore, downregulation of ZBTB16 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and restored the proliferation and invasiveness of GC cells. In vivo, downregulation of ELFN1‐AS1 reduced the growth rate of xenograft tumors in mice. In summary, this study demonstrates that ELFN1‐AS1 recruits DNA methyltransferases to the promoter region of ZBTB16 to induce its transcriptional repression, which further augments the development of GC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Controlling Topology and Polarization State of Lasing Photonic Bound States in Continuum
Authors: Mohamed Sughra , Wang Jie , Rekola Heikki , Heikkinen Janne , Asamoah Benjamin , Shi Lei , Hakala Tommi K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, optical bound states in continuum (BICs) incorporated with optical gain have been reported to exhibit lasing. Here, it is shown that each of the four BICs supported by C symmetric photonic crystal slab can be made to lase, allowing the control over the topological charge of the resulting laser beam. The type of each BIC and their topological charges are identified by imaging the far‐field polarization vortices of the lasing signal. Results are compared with experimentally obtained dispersions, finite element method simulations, and multipole decomposition method based on the microscopic polarization currents in the photonic crystal plane. A demonstration of multimode lasing of two non‐degenerate BICs with opposite topological charges is presented. The momentum space overlap of the BICs results in a unique polarization pattern. The study provides a generalizable example for engineering the topological properties of coherent light.