bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of hemp nanocellulose and its use to improve the properties of paper for food packaging
Authors: Barbash Valerii Anatolievich , Yashchenko Olha , Yakymenko Olha , Zakharko Roman , Myshak Volodymir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study describes the preparation of nanocellulose from organosolv hemp pulp (OHP) and its applications in composition of paper for food packaging as an alternative to packaging from petroleum products. OHP was obtained from renewable plant materials hemp fibers by extraction with NaOH solution and cooking using a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. A stable transparent nanocellulose gel was extracted from OHP by acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonic treatment. It was found that an increase in the consumption of sulfuric acid, temperature and duration of the OHP hydrolysis process improves the quality indicators of hemp nanocellulose. A linear dependence of the tensile strength and transparency of nanocellulose films on their density has been established. Morphological (SEM), structural (FTIR and XRD) and thermal analysis (TGA) of hemp fibers, OHP and nanocellulose were carried out. Nanocellulose films had a density of up to 1.56 g/cm3, a tensile strength of up to 66.7 MPa, a transparency of up to 87.3%. AFM method have shown that the transverse dimension of nanocellulose particles is from 8 nm to 23 nm. Hemp nanocellulose has a higher crystallinity index (87.2%) than OHP (72.0%), but has lower thermal stability. The positive effect of adding nanocellulose from hemp on improving all quality parameters of paper for food packaging has been shown. The addition of 2% hemp nanocellulose makes it possible to obtain paper that exceeds the breaking force requirements of premium grade paper by 40%, and the breaking length increases by 42% compared to paper without chemical additives.
Temporal changes in gut microbiota composition and pollen diet associated with colony weakness of a stingless bee.
Authors: Haag Karen Luisa , Caesar Lilian , Regueira-Neto Marcos da Silveira , de Sousa Dayana Rosalina , Marcelino Victor Montenegro , Balbino Valdir de Queiroz , Carvalho Airton Torres 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Compared to honeybees and bumblebees, the effect of diet on the gut microbiome of Neotropical corbiculate bees such as Melipona spp. is largely unknown. These bees have been managed for centuries, but recently an annual disease is affecting M. quadrifasciata, an endangered species kept exclusively by management in Southern Brazil. Here we report the results of a longitudinal metabarcoding study involving the period of M. quadrifasciata colony weakness, designed to monitor the gut microbiota and diet changes preceding an outbreak. We found increasing amounts of bacteria associated to the gut of forager bees two months before the first symptoms have been recorded. Simultaneously, forager bees showed decreasing body weight. The accelerated growth of gut-associated bacteria was uneven among taxa, with Bifidobacteriaceae dominating, and Lactobacillaceae decreasing in relative abundance within the bacterial community. Dominant fungi such as Candida and Starmerella also decreased in numbers, and the stingless bee obligate symbiont Zygosaccharomyces showed the lowest relative abundance during the outbreak period. Such changes were associated with pronounced diet shifts, i.e., the rise of Eucalyptus spp. pollen amount in forager bees’ guts. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the amount of Eucalyptus pollen in diets and the abundance of some bacterial taxa in the gut associated microbiota. We conclude that diet and subsequent interactions with the gut microbiome are key environmental components of the annual disease, and propose the use of diet supplementation as means to sustain the activity of stingless bee keeping as well as native bee pollination services.
Effect of lipid-lowering Medications in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery outcomes
Authors: Shi Chunxia , Zhang Zugui , Goldhammer Jordan , Li David , Kiaii Bob , Rudriguez Victor , Boyd Douglas , Lubarsky David , Applegate Richard , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Increased life expectancy and improved medical technology allow increasing numbers of elderly patients to undergo cardiac surgery. Elderly patients may be at greater risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Complications can lead to worsened quality of life, shortened life expectancy and higher healthcare costs. Reducing perioperative complications, especially severe adverse events, is key to improving outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The objective of this study is to determine whether perioperative lipid-lowering medication use is associated with a reduced risk of complications and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: After IRB approval, we reviewed charts of 9,518 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB at three medical centers between July 2001 and June 2015. The relationship between perioperative lipid-lowering treatment and postoperative outcome was investigated. 3,988 patients who underwent CABG met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Patients were divided into lipid-lowering or non-lipid-lowering treatment groups. Results: A total of 3,988 patients with the mean ago > 65 years old were included in the final analysis. Compared to the patients without lipid-lowering medications, the patients with lipid-lowering medications had lower postoperative neurologic complications and overall mortality (P<0.05). Propensity weighted risk-adjustment showed that lipid-lowering medication reduced in-hospital total complications (odds ratio (OR)=0.856; 95% CI 0.781-0.938; P<0.001); all neurologic complications (OR=0.572; 95% CI 0.441-0.739; P<0.001) including stroke (OR=0.481; 95% CI 0.349-0.654; P<0.001); in-hospital mortality (OR=0.616; 95% CI 0.432-0.869; P=0.006; P<0.001); and overall mortality (OR=0.723; 95% CI 0.634-0.824; P<0.001). In addition, the results indicated postoperative lipid-lowering medication use was associated with improved long-term survival in this patient population. Conclusions: Perioperative lipid-lowering medication use was associated with significantly reduced postoperative adverse events and improved overall outcome in elderly patients undergoing CABG surgery with CPB.
Histopathological and Cytopathological Determination of Alterations and Immune Response in Spleen Tissue of Oreochromis Niloticus Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentration of Diazinon
Authors: UĞURLU Pelin , SATAR Elif İpek , ÇİÇEK Tarık 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine duration based histopathological, cytopathological and immunological alterations in spleen structure of Oreochromis niloticus samples exposed to sublethal concentration of diazinon standart with light microscope and TEM. At the first step of the study, the fish were exposed to 280 µg/L (LC50/10) Diazinon for 21 days. Afterwards, the histopathological, cytopathological alterations and immune response in the spleen tissue were investigated by light microscope and TEM at 7th, 14th and 21st days. In the histopathological results, melanomacrophage centers with hemosiderin accumulation, cloudy swelling, pyknosis, hypertrophy and necrosis were detected in the spleen tissue. The severity of these alterations increased with the duration of the exposure. Mitochondrial deformation (cristolysis), pyknotic nucleus, vacuolation, increased phagositic activity of melanomacrophage, nuclear deformation, high amount of melanin and hemosiderin accumulation were detected in the cytopathological investigation of spleen tissue. According to those results it could be assumed that diazinon caused histopathological and cytopathological alterations in the spleen tissue of O. niloticus and also had immunotoxic effects.
Assessing the Carbon Footprint of a Colombian University Campus Using the UNE-ISO 14064-1 Standard
Authors: Cano Natalia , Berrio Linda , Carvajal Elizabeth , Arango Santiago 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) transfer skills and knowledge between industries, the government, and the public, playing a vital role in the education system for a globally sustainable future as “future leaders.” Therein, evaluating greenhouse gas emissions from an educational institute is the first step towards the proposed reduction targets at the local, national and international levels. In this research, we report the first approximate carbon footprint calculation of emissions corresponding to scope 1, scope 2, and scope 3 emissions for the main urban campuses of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, using the UNE-ISO 14064-1 standard. The carbon footprint in 2019 was approximately 7250.52 tons CO2 eq, and 0.432 tons CO2 eq per person. Scope 1 emissions accounted for about 2.84% of the carbon footprint, while Scope 2 and 3 emissions each contributed nearly 14% and 83%, respectively. The largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions were the wastewater process (20.46%), followed by electricity consumption (14.03%) and sent emails (7.83%). We suggested some proposals and strategies for mitigating and reducing emissions. Colombian HEIs exhibit the lowest ton of CO2 eq. per person compared to the other HEIs. The reason may be income conditioned by the GDP of each country. Literature reviews do not exhibit a clear contribution to the carbon footprint of Colombian HEIs. This research is the first carbon footprint calculation used as a methodological contribution to HEIs in the country because the method’s implementation is not extrapolated for socioecological, political and geographic conditions
The Effects of Stand-alone Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Clipping on Blood Pressure and Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Yiming , Xu Dong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The natriuretic peptides secreted from the left atrial appendage could affect patients' system homeostasis by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Thus, the epicardial LAA closure may induce unwanted hyponatremia and hypotension cause of isolating the LAA from the circulation. In this study, we aim to explore this phenomenon following stand-alone thoracoscopic LAA clipping and provide a hypothesis of the potential mechanism.Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study including 27 stroke patients with AF who underwent thoracoscopic LAA clipping. Electrolyte, BP, heart rate, and BNP were measured before the procedure, immediately after the device release, at 1st day, 2nd day postoperation, and 24h before discharge. Fluid amounts were only monitored postoperatively.Results: There was a significantly acute reduction in serum sodium (mmol/L) at all the timepoints postoperation when compared to baseline. The blood pressure has no significant difference when compared with baseline levels at discharge.Conclusion: Epicardial LAA clipping induce an acute decrease in serum sodium and MAP postoperation which indicates to the surgeons that the postoperative intake fluid amounts and serum sodium level management should be appropriate. Although the fluctuation of blood pressure of patients was observed perioperative, it has returned to the baseline level till discharge and the accurate and further mechanisms still need more study.
Contraceptive Practices among Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Mohammed Atiya Kareem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Breastfeeding women should have access to family planning information and services to help them select a method of birth control that allows them to support breastfeeding and is safe for the breastfeeding child. The study aimed to evaluate the practices of various contraceptive methods among mothers who were breastfeeding. A descriptive-analytic design was conducted for breastfeeding mothers from the period of 12 February to 28 October 2021. To give equal chances to participate, the probability simple randomization technique was applied for selecting (800) postnatal breastfeeding mothers were attending the immunization unit in Primary Health Centers in Sulaimani City. Overall items included in the questionnaire were in two parts: part one General and specific information about breastfeeding mothers' concerns, and the response of the characteristics of socio-demographic variables and obstetric status. Part two was contraceptive practices. The data were collected through the use of interviews and then analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis, and inferential statistical analysis. Common contraceptives used among breastfeeding mothers were natural contraception (62.5%), condoms (17.5%), ICUD (5.0%), oral contraceptives (3.5%), and breastfeeding (11.5%). A high percentage of the breastfeeding mothers used contraceptives and only ten percent of mothers were using breastfeeding for contraception. A significant difference was found between socio-demographic data and practice contraception and resumption of menstrual after delivery. According to the findings of the study, a focus on health education for mothers should be established, and the nurse should take on the role of contraceptive method educator.
Ice Flood Hazard Risk Assessment Based on Random Forest Method Under Simulation of Levee Breaches
Authors: Wang Xiujie , Qu Zihua , Tian Fuchang , Wang Yanpeng , Yuan Ximin , Xu Kui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In areas with higher latitudes, ice sheets, ice jams or ice dams are often formed in rivers to overtop levees due to lower temperatures in winter, which can cause sizeable social and economic losses, as well as countless injuries and death. This study presents the typical ice flood area of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River as the research object. On the basis of the hazard system theory and comprehensive analysis of ice flood risk factors, including the hazard-inducing factors and hazard-pregnant environments, as well as the vulnerability of the hazard-bearing bodies, we selected eight risk assessment indicators to construct an ice flood hazard risk assessment model based on random forest (RF) algorithm. The three hazard-inducing factors consist of: maximum submergence depth, maximum flood velocity and maximum submergence duration, which were derived from the river-flood ice flood backwater burst submergence coupling model; while the three hazard-pregnant environments are: topographic elevation, terrain gradient and the distance from the river. The two hazard-bearing bodies include: population density and GDP density. The modeling results show that compared with the risk assessment model of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, both the index Precision (P) and the area under curve (AUC) of RF model are better in the ice flood risk assessment of four study areas. This presents that RF has significant advantages in solving the classification and processing problem of multi-dimensional ice flood hazard data. It can provide support for the analysis and evaluation of the situation of ice flood prevention and mitigation.
Fractional anisotropy and peripheral cytokine concentrations in outpatients with depressive episode: a diffusion tensor imaging observational study
Authors: Sammer Gebhard , Neumann Elena , Blecker Carlo , Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Over the past few years, evidence of a positive relationship between inflammation and depression has grown steadily. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether such depression-related inflammation could also be associated with altered microstructural changes in the white matter. Methods: FA and serum cytokines (IL-1𝛽, IL-6, TNF-𝛼, and IFN-𝛾) were measured in 25 patients with depression (DE) and 24 healthy controls (HC). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated using the FSL pipeline for TBSS. Both voxelwise and mean whole-brain FA were analyzed using general linear models (GLM). Results: Higher concentrations of IL-1𝛽 were associated with lower fractional anisotropy of the whole brain, especially in people with depression. TNF-𝛼 shares some of the variance with IL-1𝛽, and therefore higher TNF-𝛼 concentrations also showed a negative relationship with FA. In detail, the voxelwise analysis showed that the regression slopes of IL-1𝛽 on FA were more negative in the DE group than in the HC group, mainly in the corpus callosum. Similar effects were not found for the other remaining cytokines. Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrated an association between peripherally measured IL-1𝛽 and white matter integrity in depression as assessed by DTI. The results suggest that microstructural changes in the corpus callosum are associated with increased peripheral IL-1𝛽 concentrations in depression.
Exploratory Evaluation of 18F-FMAU PET in Tracking Response to Docetaxel Treatment in Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Jadvar Hossein , Park Ryan , Vorobyova Ivetta , Chen Kai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this exploratory preclinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of 18F-FMAU PET in quantitatively measuring response to a chemotherapeutic agent in experimental prostate cancer models.
Methods and Materials:
Docetaxel (DTX) ‒ a standard therapy agent in castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer was used as the chemotherapy drug. Athymic male nu/nu mice were inoculated with PC-3 cells in the right flank. After the tumor diameter reached 5 mm, DTX (24 mg/kg) was injected intravenously twice/week, whereas the control group was intravenously administered with saline. During the therapeutic period, the tumor size and body weight were monitored, and longitudinal PET scans were acquired with 18F-FMAU to evaluate tumor cell proliferation. 18F-FMAU PET scans were performed at 2 h post-injection of 18F-FMAU on days 0, 11, 18, and 22. Biodistribution studies were carried out after the PET scan on day 22.
Results
Consecutive administrations of DTX were effective in inhibiting PC-3 tumor growth compared to the control group. For PET imaging, PC-3 tumor uptake of 18F-FMAU in the treatment group was increased significantly from 3.09 ± 0.60%ID/g (day 0) to 5.32 ± 0.37%ID/g (day 22), whereas the 18F-FMAU tumor update in the control group remained relatively similar on day 0 (2.37 ± 0.51%ID/g) vs. day 22 (1.83 ± 0.22%ID/g). The tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio of 18F-FMAU was increased from 2.63 ± 0.20 (day 0) to 5.91 ± 1.1 (day 22) in the treatment group. On day 22, no statistical significance was observed on the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio of 18F-FMAU in the treatment group vs. the control group. The tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of 18F-FMAU was also similar on day 22 in the treatment group (4.29 ± 0.09) vs. the control group (3.83 ± 0.59).
Conclusion
18F-FMAU uptake in implanted PC-3 tumors increases with DTX treatment despite the decline in tumor size. Further investigation is needed to decipher the underlying biological mechanism of this flare effect and its relation to the predictability of therapy response.
Estimation of the Cost-Saving for Inpatient and Pharmaceutical Expenses if a Diagnostic Related Group Payment System Had Been Established Instead of Fee-for-Service and Case-Mixed Payment Systems
Authors: Khadivi Yousef , Nabi-Meybodi Mohsen , Saghafi Fatemeh , Khadivi Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
The second phase of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) was implemented in Iran in 2014. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amounts of cost-saving in inpatient and pharmaceutical costs in public hospitals if the Diagnostic Related Groups (DRG) payment system had been implemented instead of the Fee-for-Service (FFS) and Case-mixed payment systems.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, firstly, the inpatient and pharmaceutical costs were collected in public hospitals, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (MUI), in 2013 and 2015. In the second stage, according to a systematic review study by August 2021, the average effects of establishing the DRG payment system on the costs of inpatient and pharmaceutical services were extracted. In the third stage, taking into account the inflation rate, this presumptive average effects of the DRG (based on global models) incurred in the MUI’s public hospitals expenses. In this way, it was estimated the amount of money that could be saved if the DRG payment system has been implemented.
Results
According to the related published papers, following implementation of the DRG, the medication and hospitalization costs nearly decreased by average as 40.86% and 16.39%, respectively. By applying the assumption ratio of change following the implementation of the DRG, the cost savings were estimated as 119,679,523$ and 146,357,651$ in inpatient and pharmaceutical expenses respectively.
Conclusion
During the UHC, if the DRG payment system had been implemented, it could be saved 17.43% of the total expenditures incurred in the health sector of MUI.
Inference of causal relationships between genetic risk factors for cardiometabolic phenotypes and female-specific health conditions
Authors: Xiao Brenda , Edwards Digna Velez , Lucas Anastasia , Drivas Theodore , Gray Kathryn , Keating Brendan , Weng Chunhua , Jarvik Gail , Hakonarson Hakon , Kottyan Leah , Elhadad Noémie , Wei Wei-Qi , Luo Yuan , Kim Dokyoon , Ritchie Marylyn , Verma Shefali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases are highly comorbid, but their relationship with female-specific health conditions (breast cancer, endometriosis, pregnancy complications) is understudied. Using electronic health record data from 71,008 ancestrally diverse females, we examined relationships between 23 obstetrical/gynecological conditions and 4 cardiometabolic phenotypes (body mass index [BMI], coronary artery disease [CAD], type 2 diabetes [T2D], and hypertension) using cross-trait genetic correlation analyses, polygenic risk scores (PRSs), Mendelian randomization (MR), and chronology analyses. We observed 29 significant associations between cardiometabolic PRSs and obstetrical/gynecological conditions (BMI and endometrial cancer; BMI and polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS)]; T2D and gestational diabetes; T2D and PCOS). MR analysis provided additional evidence of independent causal effects. We also identified an inverse association between CAD and breast cancer. High cardiometabolic PRSs were associated with early development of PCOS and gestational hypertension. We conclude that polygenic susceptibility to cardiometabolic traits is associated with elevated risk of certain female-specific health conditions.
Research on green technology marketing Model based on Dynamic Evolutionary Game under low-carbon background
Authors: Zhu Meihong , Zhao Li , Li Xiao , Wang Xinliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the present situation of development in green technology as the background, combined with technology marketing models in other areas, this paper builds three technology marketing models, based on the Stackelberg game between the technology suppliers and distributors. Namely, the three models are direct official marketing, agency relationship cooperation, and agency sales relationship cooperation. Dynamic system model is built on relationship cooperation. By comparing with and analyzing the model solution results, and observing the effect of various parameters in terms of numerical simulation on enterprise decision variables, profits, and the optimal mode policy selection, we find that the level of price discount will decide whether the technology supplier selects the agency sales model, while the level of the profit distribution factor decides whether the technology supplier takes direct official sale. Meanwhile, excessive price adjustment speed will disturb the market stability and interfere with enterprise decision-making.