bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI for Differentiating Radiation Necrosis From Tumor Progression in Brain Metastasis—Application in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Mehrabian Hatef , Chan Rachel W. , Sahgal Arjun , Chen Hanbo , Theriault Aimee , Lam Wilfred W. , Myrehaug Sten , Tseng Chia‐Lin , Husain Zain , Detsky Jay , Soliman Hany , Stanisz Greg J. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHigh radiation doses of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM) can increase the likelihood of radiation necrosis (RN). Advanced MRI sequences can improve the differentiation between RN and tumor progression (TP).PurposeTo use saturation transfer MRI methods including chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and magnetization transfer (MT) to distinguish RN from TP.Study TypeProspective cohort study.SubjectsSeventy patients (median age 60; 73% females) with BM (75 lesions) post‐SRS.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, CEST imaging using low/high‐power (saturation B1 = 0.52 and 2.0 μT), quantitative MT imaging using B1 = 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 μT, WAter Saturation Shift Referencing (WASSR), WAter Shift And B1 (WASABI), T1, and T2 mapping. All used gradient echoes except T2 mapping (gradient and spin echo).AssessmentVoxel‐wise metrics included: magnetization transfer ratio (MTR); apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX); MTR asymmetry; normalized MT exchange rate and pool size product; direct water saturation peak width; and the observed T1 and T2. Regions of interests (ROIs) were manually contoured on the post‐Gd T1w. The mean (of median ROI values) was compared between groups. Clinical outcomes were determined by clinical and radiologic follow‐up or histopathology.Statistical Testst‐Test, univariable and multivariable logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and area under the curve (AUC) with sensitivity/specificity values with the optimal cut point using the Youden index, Akaike information criterion (AIC), Cohen's d. P < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction was considered significant.ResultsSeven metrics showed significant differences between RN and TP. The high‐power MTR showed the highest AUC of 0.88, followed by low‐power MTR (AUC = 0.87). The combination of low‐power CEST scans improved the separation compared to individual parameters (with an AIC of 70.3 for low‐power MTR/AREX). Cohen's d effect size showed that the MTR provided the largest effect sizes among all metrics.Data ConclusionSignificant differences between RN and TP were observed based on saturation transfer MRI.Evidence Level: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Assessment of Splenic Switch‐Off With Arterial Spin Labeling in Adenosine Perfusion Cardiac MRI
Authors: Aramendía‐Vidaurreta Verónica , Solis‐Barquero Sergio M. , Ezponda Ana , Vidorreta Marta , Echeverria‐Chasco Rebeca , Pascual Marina , Bastarrika Gorka , Fernández‐Seara María A. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIn patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial perfusion is assessed under rest and pharmacological stress to identify ischemia. Splenic switch‐off, defined as the stress to rest splenic perfusion attenuation in response to adenosine, has been proposed as an indicator of stress adequacy. Its occurrence has been previously assessed in first‐pass perfusion images, but the use of noncontrast techniques would be highly beneficial.PurposeTo explore the ability of pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) to identify splenic switch‐off in patients with suspected CAD.Study TypeProspective.PopulationFive healthy volunteers (age 24.8 ± 3.8 years) and 32 patients (age 66.4 ± 8.2 years) with suspected CAD.Field strength/SequenceA 1.5‐T/PCASL (spin‐echo) and first‐pass imaging (gradient‐echo).AssessmentIn healthy subjects, multi‐delay PCASL data (500–2000 msec) were acquired to quantify splenic blood flow (SBF) and determine the adequate postlabeling delay (PLD) for single‐delay acquisitions (PLD > arterial transit time). In patients, single‐delay PCASL (1200 msec) and first‐pass perfusion images were acquired under rest and adenosine conditions. PCASL data were used to compute SBF maps and SBF stress‐to‐rest ratios. Three observers classified patients into “switch‐off” and “failed switch‐off” groups by visually comparing rest‐stress perfusion data acquired with PCASL and first‐pass, independently. First‐pass categories were used as reference to evaluate the accuracy of quantitative classification.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed‐rank, Pearson correlation, kappa, percentage agreement, Generalized Linear Mixed Model, Mann–Whitney, Pearson Chi‐squared, receiver operating characteristic, area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) and confusion matrix. Significance: P value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 27 patients (84.4%) experienced splenic switch‐off according to first‐pass categories. Comparison of PCASL‐derived SBF maps during stress and rest allowed assessment of splenic switch‐off, reflected in a reduction of SBF values during stress. SBF stress‐to‐rest ratios showed a 97% accuracy (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 100%, AUC = 85.2%).Data ConclusionThis study could demonstrate the feasibility of PCASL to identify splenic switch‐off during adenosine perfusion MRI, both by qualitative and quantitative assessments.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy2
FBXO6 regulates the antiviral immune responses via mediating alveolar macrophages survival
Authors: Cen Mengyuan , Ouyang Wei , Lin Xiuhui , Du Xiaohong , Hu Huiqun , Lu Huidan , Zhang Wanying , Xia Jingyan , Qin Xiaofeng , Xu Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInducing early apoptosis in alveolar macrophages is one of the strategies influenza A virus (IAV) evolved to subvert host immunity. Correspondingly, the host mitochondrial protein nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor (NLR)X1 is reported to interact with virus polymerase basic protein 1‐frame 2 (PB1‐F2) accessory protein to counteract virus‐induced apoptosis. Herein, we report that one of the F‐box proteins, FBXO6, promotes proteasomal degradation of NLRX1, and thus facilitates IAV‐induced alveolar macrophages apoptosis and modulates both macrophage survival and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. We observed that FBXO6‐deficient mice infected with IAV exhibited decreased pulmonary viral replication, alleviated inflammatory‐associated pulmonary dysfunction, and less mortality. Analysis of the lungs of IAV‐infected mice revealed markedly reduced leukocyte recruitment but enhanced production of type I IFN in Fbxo6−/− mice. Furthermore, increased type I IFN production and decreased viral replication were recapitulated in FBXO6 knockdown macrophages and associated with reduced apoptosis. Through gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, we found lung resident macrophages but not bone marrow‐derived macrophages play a key role in the differences FBXO6 signaling pathway brings in the antiviral immune response. In further investigation, we identified that FBXO6 interacted with and promoted the proteasomal degradation of NLRX1. Together, our results demonstrate that FBXO6 negatively regulates immunity against IAV infection by enhancing the degradation of NLRX1 and thus impairs the survival of alveolar macrophages and antiviral immunity of the host.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on influenza virus prevalence in children in Sichuan, China
Authors: Wang Pinjia , Xu Yidan , Su Zhe , Xie Chengbin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe performed a retrospective analysis of influenza A and B virus antigen detection data in children in Sichuan Province from January 2019 to December 2021, with the goal of studying the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on influenza circulation in children in Sichuan, China. During the pandemic, both the number of specimens and the positive rates of the influenza virus fell dramatically. The positivity for influenza A virus decreased from 22.5% in 2019 to 9.9% in 2020 to 0.2% in 2021 (p < 0.001). The lowest and highest positive rates for the influenza B virus occurred in 2020 and 2021, respectively, with a statistically significant 3‐year comparison (p < 0.001). During the pandemic, the annual positivity remained higher in school‐age than in preschoolers, while there was no difference in the annual positivity between the two gender groups, both consistent with the prepandemic results. During the pandemic, the seasonality of influenza A and B was different from that before the pandemic. In 2019, the epidemic season for influenza A was autumn and winter, while the epidemic season for influenza B was winter and spring. Seasonal changes in influenza A were insignificant after the pandemic, and influenza B became predominant in 2021, with a high prevalence in the autumn. Although influenza activity decreased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, one should be on the lookout for a possible rebound in influenza circulation in the future.
Light Soaking Induced Halide Doping of Evaporated Spiro‐OMeTAD in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Guozheng , Yang Li , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentification and investigation of light soaking effect (LSE) as well as the associated physical mechanisms are crucial for achieving reliable power output and high stability of solar cells. Here, a profound LSE dependence on doping status of organic hole transport materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells is demonstrated. A tenfold efficiency enhancement is realized in the devices based on evaporated undoped HTMs caused by LSE. This light‐soaking behavior is attributed to the increased film conductivity, enhanced built‐in potential at perovskite/HTM interface, reduced interfacial charge accumulation, and suppressed nonradiative recombination in devices. Besides, chemical and structural analysis reveal that halide ions migration and subsequent photodoping of organic HTMs enables significant improvement of the film conductivity and hole mobility. Moreover, the HTM mobilities are proven to determine the LSE strength and kinetics, causing significant variation in photostability of devices.
Axonal loss at time of diagnosis as biomarker for long‐term disability in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Al‐Zuhairy Ali , Jakobsen Johannes , Moldovan Mihai , Krarup Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWe hypothesized that early, pretreatment axonal loss would predict long‐term disability, supported by a pilot study of selected patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). To further test this hypothesis, we examined a larger consecutive group of CIDP patients.MethodsNeedle electromyography and motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were carried out in 30 CIDP patients at pretreatment and follow‐up 5 to 28 years later. Changes in amplitudes were expressed as axonal Z scores and changes in conduction as demyelination Z scores and correlated with findings of the Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS), the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), and isokinetic dynamometry (IKS).ResultsAt follow‐up, the median I‐RODS score was 73, the NIS was 23, and the IKS was 56%. The median axonal Z score was unchanged at follow‐up. Conversely, the corresponding demyelination Z scores improved. The initial axonal loss was correlated with the clinical outcome and was an independent predictor of outcome by multivariate regression analysis. Axonal loss at follow‐up was also correlated with the clinical outcome. Only the follow‐up demyelination Z score was correlated with the clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the latency until treatment initiation was predictive of all three clinical outcome scores at follow‐up, and of axonal loss and demyelination at follow‐up.DiscussionThe present study findings indicate that pretreatment axonal loss at diagnosis in CIDP is predictive of long‐term disability, neurological impairment, and strength. A delay in treatment is associated with more pronounced axonal loss and a worse clinical outcome.
Translation, cultural adaptation and recommendations for clinical implementation of the Abbey Pain Scale to a Swedish dementia care context
Authors: Tegenborg Sussi , Fransson Per , Martinsson Lisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo translate and culturally adapt the APS for people with end‐stage dementia in various care settings in Sweden and to investigate factors important for clinical implementation.DesignQualitative study design with interviews with care staff.MethodsAfter an initial discussion of concepts, the Abbey Pain Scale was translated into Swedish and back into English to check for accuracy. The resulting Swedish version was then revised and culturally adapted through a series of interviews with nursing assistants, nurses and physicians (n = 11) to develop the final Swedish version.ResultsA Swedish version of the Abbey Pain Scale was developed. The instrument was considered straightforward and easy to use, but needed adjustments to make it more comprehensible to staff with less education in health care or with other first languages than Swedish. It was found important to carefully introduce new staff members to the instrument, to ensure they understand all the words and items.
Patch‐work: The economic and moral complementarity of informal entrepreneurs' multiple projects in Congo‐Brazzaville
Authors: Ning Rundong 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAlthough there are many studies on informal workers juggling multiple jobs, how workers differentiate their jobs economically and morally is less examined. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among urban middle‐class entrepreneurs in Brazzaville, this article argues that entrepreneurs in the informal economy work on multiple projects that complement each other in terms of economic gains and moralities, a pattern I call “patch‐work.” Some projects are pitched in entrepreneurial competitions to gain funds, awards, and training and traveling opportunities. Others can generate more stable cash flows to support other projects. Yet others are not for profit but rather to expand one's social network. Despite being unable to generate income quickly, projects deemed entrepreneurial are kept for years, as they have high moral value. Thus, rather than simply maximizing profits, an entrepreneur in the informal economy “patch‐works” to pursue economic, social, and moral goals at the same time. Moreover, the moral values are highly diverse and debated among the entrepreneurs, showing that they cannot be reduced to a single logic. Patch‐working shows that, rather than passively coping with precarity or following neoliberalism, some working in the informal economy actively construct their working patterns to meet their multifaceted pursuits.
Attractive Electron Delocalization Behavior of FeCoMoPB Amorphous Nanoplates for Highly Efficient Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Jia Zhe , Li Jiaqi , He Yezeng , Yang Yiyuan , Li Yongjie , Sun Ligang , Shen Baolong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rational design of high‐performance and cost‐effective electrocatalysts to overcome the kinetically sluggish water oxidation reaction is a grand challenge in water electrolysis. Transitional metals with incompletely filled d orbitals are expected to have intrinsic electronic interaction to promote the reaction kinetics, however, the construction of multiple active sites is still a bottleneck problem. Here, inspired by an amorphous alloy design strategy with chemical tunability, a noble‐metal‐free FeCoMoPB amorphous nanoplate for superior alkaline water oxidation is developed. The achieved overpotentials at current densities of 10, 100, and 500 mA cm−2 are 239, 281, and 331 mV, respectively, while retaining a reliable stability of 48 h, outperforming most currently available electrocatalysts. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the chemical complexity of the amorphous nanoplate leads to the formation of multiple active sites that is able to greatly lower the free energy of the rate‐determining step during the water oxidation reaction. Moreover, the Mo element would result in an electron delocalization behavior to promote electron redistribution at its surrounding regions for readily donating and taking electrons. This amorphous alloy design strategy is expected to stimulate the development of more efficient electrocatalysts that is applicable in energy devices, such as metal–air batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolysis.
Assignment of Core and Surface States in Multicolor‐Emissive Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Wang Bingzhe , Ushakova Elena V. , He Bingchen , Xing Guichuan , Tang Zikang , Rogach Andrey L. , Qu Songnan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is important to reveal the luminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs). Herein, CDs with two types of optical centers are synthesized from citric acid in formamide by a solvothermal method, and show high photoluminescence quantum yield reaching 42%. Their green/yellow emission exhibits pronounced vibrational structure and high resistance toward photobleaching, while broad red photoluminescence is sensitive to solvents, temperature, and UV–IR. Under UV–IR, the red emission is gradually bleached due to the photoinduced dehydration of the deprotonated surface of CDs in dimethyl sulfoxide, while this process is hindered in water. From the analysis of steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption data together with density functional theory calculations, the green/ yellow emission is assigned to conjugated sp2‐domains (core state) similar to organic dye derivatives stacked within disk‐shaped CDs; and the broad red emission—to oxygen‐containing groups bound to sp2‐domains (surface state), whereas energy transfer from the core to the surface state can happen.
Acousto‐Photolithography for Programmable Shape Deformation of Composite Hydrogel Sheets
Authors: Li Minghao , Mei Jiyang , Friend James , Bae Jinhye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels with programmable shapes produced by defined patterns of particles are of great interest for the fabrication of small‐scale soft actuators and robots. Patterning the particles in the hydrogels during fabrication generally requires external magnetic or electric fields, thus limiting the material choice for the particles. Acoustically driven particle manipulation, however, solely depends on the acoustic impedance difference between the particles and the surrounding fluid, making it a more versatile method to spatially control particles. Here, an approach is reported by combining direct acoustic force to align photothermal particles and photolithography to spatially immobilize these alignments within a temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel to trigger shape deformation under temperature change and light exposure. The spatial distribution of particles can be tuned by the power and frequency of the acoustic waves. Specifically, changing the spacing between the particle patterns and position alters the bending curvature and direction of this composite hydrogel sheet, respectively. Moreover, the orientation (i.e., relative angle) of the particle alignments with respect to the long axis of laser‐cut hydrogel strips governs the bending behaviors and the subsequent shape deformation by external stimuli. This acousto‐photolithography provides a means of spatiotemporal programming of the internal heterogeneity of composite polymeric systems.
Acidity‐Activatable Nanoparticles with Glucose Oxidase‐Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Effect, and Macrophage‐Related Immunomodulation for Synergistic Treatment of Biofilm Infection
Authors: Dai Yong , Mei Jiawei , Li Zhe , Kong Lingtong , Zhu Wanbo , Li Qianming , Wu Kerong , Huang Yan , Shang Xifu , Zhu Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe pH‐responsive theragnostics exhibit great potential for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, acidity‐activatable nanoparticles of GB@P based on glucose oxidase (GO) and polyaniline are developed for treatment of biofilm infection. Catalyzed by GO, GB@P triggers the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), enabling an acidic microenvironment‐activated simultaneously enhanced photothermal (PT) effect/amplified photoacoustic imaging (PAI). The synergistic effects of the enhanced PT efficacy of GB@P and H2O2 accelerate biofilm eradication because the penetration of H2O2 into biofilm improves the bacterial sensitivity to heat, and the enhanced PT effect destroys the expressions of extracellular DNA and genomic DNA, resulting in biofilm destruction and bacterial death. Importantly, GB@P facilitates the polarization of proinflammatory M1 macrophages that initiates macrophage‐related immunity, which enhances the phagocytosis of macrophages and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to a sustained bactericidal effect and biofilm eradication by the innate immunomodulatory effect. Accordingly, the nanoplatform of GB@P exhibits the synergistic effects on the biofilm eradication and bacterial residuals clearance through a combination of the enhanced PT effect with immunomodulation. This study provides a promising nanoplatform with enhanced PT efficacy and amplified PAI for diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infection.
Rhenium Complexes with p‐Fluorophenylisocyanide
Authors: Claude Guilhem , Weh Dominik , Hagenbach Adelheid , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

Abstractp‐Fluorophenylisocyanide (CNPhpF) reacts with [Re(CO)5Br] under stepwise exchange of the carbonyl ligands depending on the conditions applied. The reaction stops with the formation of fac‐[Re(CO)3Br(CNPhpF)2] in boiling THF. An ongoing carbonyl exchange is observed at higher temperatures, e. g. in refluxing toluene, with the final formation of the [Re(CNPhpF)6]+ cation. The progress of the reactions has been studied by 19F NMR spectroscopy and the structures of [Re(CO)Br(CNPhpF)4] and [Re(CNPhpF)6](BPh4) have been elucidated by X‐ray diffraction.
A semi‐analytical study of the MHD micropolar water‐based hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with variable heat source/sink
Authors: Lone Showkat Ahmad , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Galal Ahmed M. , Kumam Poom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe industry level enhancement of the thermal conductivities of various base fluids is greatly aided by a nanofluid. Most engineering phenomena call for the removal of heat in order to improve industrial machinery performance. These fluids have a variety of uses, such as coolants for electric gadgets, car engines, heat exchangers and nuclear reactors. In this article, the authors have investigated the micropolar water‐based hybrid nanofluid containing silver and alumina nanoparticles over an extending surface. The flow problem also takes into account the Joule heating, variable heat source/sink, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and activation energy. The flow problem is taken in the form of PDEs which are then transformed to ODEs by means of suitable similarity variables. The flow problem is solved with the help of HAM, which is capable of solving highly nonlinear partial and ordinary differential equations. The convergence of the HAM is also shown with the help of Figure 1. The results showed that the physical parameters have a greater influence on the velocity profile of nanofluid flow than hybrid nanofluid flow. However, the upshots of the physical constraints on the thermal profiles have a dominant impact on the hybrid nanoliquid flow relative to nanofluid. Also, it found that the physical parameters have a greater influence on the energy and mass transfer rates of the hybrid nanofluid flow than the nanofluid.