bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan, Kelebihan, dan Kelemahan Teka-teki Silang sebagai Instrumen Penilaian Formatif Kemampuan Pasif-Reseptif Kosakata Bahasa Arab Siswa/The Application, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Crossword Puzzles as a Formative Assessment Instrument for Students
Authors: Ummi Nafi'ah  , Afdhal Fikri Mirma  , Zera Ilhami  
Published: November 2022

This study examines the application of crossword puzzles as an assessment instrument because, researchers have the assumption that crossword puzzles have the potential as a formative assessment instrument for elementary school (SD) level. In this study, the authors use a mixed method research which begins with quantitative research and is refined with qualitative research. Quantitative in the form of experiments while qualitative uses descriptive analysis to support the experiments carried out. The research steps were carried out in three stages, namely the preparation, implementation and data analysis stages. Furthermore, there are five kinds of assessment instrument feasibility tests in this study, namely validity, reliability, objectivity, practicality, and economic tests. For the validity test there are some that are invalid so that they become a reference for researchers to see student competence and improve learning for the future, and the reliability test gets a high score of 0.825. Thus, Crossword Puzzle as formative assessment instrument in this research is said to be feasible as a formative assessment instrument in assessing students' passive-receptive vocabulary skills.
Keywords: Crossword Puzzle, Formative Assessment Instrument, Arabic Vocabulary

Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pengaplikasian teka-teki silang sebagai instrumen penilaian karena peneliti memiliki asumsi bahwa media teka-teki silang berpotensi sebagai instrumen penilaian formatif untuk tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD). Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian mix method yang diawali dengan penelitian kuantitatif dan disempurnakan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Kuantitatif dengan bentuk eksperimen sedangkan kualitatif menggunakan analisis deksriptif untuk mendukung eksprimen yang dilakukan. Langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan analisis data. Lebih lanjut, terdapat lima macam uji kelayakan instrumen penilaian dalam penelitian ini, yaitu uji validitas, reliabilitas, objektivitas, praktikalitas, dan ekonomis. Untuk uji validitas terdapat beberapa yang tidak valid, sehingga menjadi acuan peneliti untuk melihat kompetensi siswa dan memperbaiki pembelajaran untuk kedepannya dan uji reabilitas mendapatkan nilai yang tinggi yaitu 0,825. Maka, Teka-teki Silang (TTS) sebagai instumen penilaian formatif dalam penelitian ini diyatakan layak sebagai instrumen penilaian formatif dalam menilai kemampuan pasif-reseptif kosakata siswa.
Kata Kunci: Teka-Teki Silang, Instrumen Penilaian Formatif, Kosakata Bahasa Arab
Implementation of Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) Learning Methods to Improve Nahwu Learning Outcomes for Class 4 Students at KMI Darussalam Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School for Girls
Authors: Ihwan Mahmudi  , Alfi Sammay , Azhar Nor  
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method in improving the learning outcomes of Naḥwu for KMI Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor Students. The research subjects were students of KMI class 4E. This research uses classroom action research (CAR) with Kemmis and McTaggart models. The research was conducted in three cycles, and each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed that the application of theStudent Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method couldimprove the learning outcomes of Naḥwu students of Kulliyyatu l-Mu'allimat Al-Islamiyah (KMI) Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor for Girls campus onethe academic year 1440-1441 H. Although there was a decline at the cycle stage 2 after being developed and improved again, the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method can significantly increase the value of student learning outcomes. It can increase student activity in the learning process. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle with an average of 85, in the second cycle with an average of 83.1, and in the third cycle with an average of 90.45. These results indicate that the average cycle I to cycle II decreased and increased after the third cycle was held.
Keywords: Learning Methods, Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD), Learning Outcomes, Naḥwu.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Naḥwu pada Siswi KMI Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Subjek penelitian adalah siswi KMI kelas 4E. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Naḥwu siswi Kulliyyatu-l-Mu’allimat Al-Islamiyah (KMI) Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putri kampus 1 tahun ajaran 1440-1441 H. Meskipun terjadi penurunan pada tahap siklus 2 namun setelah dikembangkan dan diperbaiki kembali metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan nilai hasil belajar siswa dan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil belajar siswi pada siklus I dengan rata-rata 85, pada siklus II dengan rata-rata 83,1, dan pada siklus III dengan rata-rata 90,45. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa rata-rata siklus I ke siklus II menurun, dan setelah diadakan siklus III mengalami peningkatan.
Kata Kunci: Metode Pembelajaran, Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD), Hasil Belajar, Naḥwu.
Ta‘zῑz Al-Qayyim al-Akhlāqiyyah Bi Istirātijiyyah Al-Tawāṣul Asnā’a Ta‘lῑm Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Fi ‘Asr Al-Ta‘allumi Al-Mustaqilli Bi Ma‘had Dāru as-Salām Jombang
Authors: Qomariyah Lailatul , Akhmad Sauqi Ahya  , Adam Ibrahim Faishol Mahmud 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to describe the speaking strategies in strengthening character values at learning arabic at the independent learning’s era in Darus Salam Islamic Boarding School.This research was designed with a qualitative approach, with the type of case study. A method for collecting data by observations in teaching Arabic language, and documenting the teacher's speech act’s strategy, and interviewing the context of these teacher’s actsand is analyzed by interactive model analysis. The results of this research are, strengthening character values by the communication strategy with two strategies: A) the direct strategy with five functions, 1) the request, 2) the command, 3) the invitation, 4) The hope, 5) The advice; b) the indirect strategy has two functions, 1) The request, and 2) The command. The results of this study contribute to the teacher's communication strategy in using appropriate verbal verbs as an attempt to build students who have a moral character and become more interactive and communicative learning while teaching Arabic. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the following research to understand moral values through the educational materials for writing skill that include moral values in them in Arabic learning.
Keywords: Character Value, Independent Learning, Speaking Strategies
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi bertutur dalam penguatan nilai karakter Pada pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darus Salam Jombang di era Merdeka Belajar. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab, dan mendokumentasikan strategi tindak tuturnya, dan mewawancarai kontekstersebut dan Kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, penguatan nilai karakter melalui strategi bertutur dengan dua strategi: A) strategi langsung dengan enam fungsi, 1) permintaan, 2) perintah, 3) ajakan, 4) Harapan, 5 ) Nasihat; b) strategi tidak langsung memiliki dua fungsi, 1) Permintaan, 2) Perintah. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi pada strategi bertutur guru dalam menggunakan tindak tutur yang tepat sebagai upaya untuk membentuk siswa yang memiliki nilai karakter dan menjadi pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan komunikatif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian berikut untuk memahami nilai-nilai karakter melalui materi pendidikan keterampilan menulis yang memuat nilai-nilai karakter di dalamnya pembelajaran bahasa Arab.
Kata kunci: Nilai Karakter, Merdeka Belajar, Strategi Bertutur
Financial Support, Indispensable for Smes Growth in Mozambique
Authors: Sawayaa Alen , Bhero Shepherd 
Published: November 2022

Universally it is recognized that support to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) at their birth and during growth is essential to nurture them in order to avoid premature deaths. Without formidable support to SMEs, youths would remain unemployed and result in all sorts of economic ills such as increase in crime and youth immigration from rural areas to urban areas, or from Mozambique to the republic of South Africa. Support to SMEs can come in many forms; including support from financial institutions, from government agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations (NGO)s to mention a few. What has not been confirmed especially in Mozambique is the fact that out of all types of support that can be rendered to SMEs, financial support is the most important and indispensable for SMEs survivability. The objective of the study was therefore to provide evidence that financial support supersedes all other support that can be made available to this important sector of the Mozambican economy. A sample of 485 SMEs was drawn from the population of SMEs in Greater Maputo representing Mozambique as a whole, using stratified random sampling methods. Greater Maputo, the capital of Mozambique was chosen as the nucleus of the study, because Maputo is the main centre of economic activities of the country. A face to face interview was conducted using structured, close-ended questionnaires to collect the primary data. Data was processed using multiple regression analysis, in order to isolate the one single variable, financial support, whist keeping the other support variables constant. The study found that of all supporting variables available for SMEs at start-up and during growth, financial support was critical and obligatory in Mozambique. It was recommended that financial institutions should be restructured to be more proactive to support SMEs in Mozambique, especially aiming at the most disadvantaged SMEs owner-managers.
A variationist perspective on the comparative complexity of four registers at the intersection of mode and formality
Authors: Szmrecsanyi Benedikt , Engel Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we operationalize register differences at the intersection of formality and mode, and distinguish four broad register categories: spoken informal (conversations), spoken formal (parliamentary debates), written informal (blogs), and written formal (newspaper articles). We are specifically interested in the comparative probabilistic/variationist complexity of these registers – when speakers have grammatical choices, are the probabilistic grammars regulating these choices more or less complex in particular registers than in others? Based on multivariate modeling of richly annotated datasets covering three grammatical alternations in two languages (English and Dutch), we assess the complexity of probabilistic grammars by drawing on three criteria: (a) the number of constraints on variant choice, (b) the number of interactions between constraints, and (c) the relative importance of lexical conditioning. Analysis shows that contrary to theorizing in variationist sociolinguistics, probabilistic complexity differences between registers are not quantitatively simple: formal registers are consistently the most complex ones, while spoken registers are the least complex ones. The most complex register under study is written-formal quality newspaper writing. We submit that the complexity differentials we uncover are a function of acquisitional difficulty, of on-line processing limitations, and of normative pressures.
Radiation pressure of a hybrid bianisotropic chiral structure
Authors: Nemati Pehrabad Samira , Wang Maoyi , Zhang Shitian , He Simin , Wang Maoyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To obtain radiation pressure of a hybrid chiral structure, we derive the transfer matrix method and optical force densities from the Maxwell stress tensor for a planar layered bianisotropic media. The key derivations are how to get wavevectors and field components of each layer, transfer matrices connecting four eigenwaves of adjacent chiral media, as well as the force densities expressed by co- and cross-polarized reflection and transmission coefficients. After the validation of the methods and programs is performed, the radiation pressure of a layered biaxial bianisotropic chiral slab is studied. The effects of linearly and circularly polarization incident waves, incident angle, thickness, opposite handedness (optical activity), anisotropy, gain and loss of chiral media on the radiation pressure are discussed. Our work elucidates the mechanism of light-chiral media interactions, provides better understanding of chiral detection, optical trapping, and biophysics.
Causation without the causal theory of action
Authors: Popa Elena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper takes a critical stance on Tallis’s separation of causation and agency. While his critique of the causal theory of action and the assumptions about causation underlying different versions of determinism, including the one based on neuroscience is right, his rejection of causation (of all sorts) has implausible consequences. Denying the link between action and causation amounts to overlooking the role action plays in causal inference and in the origin of causal concepts. I suggest that a weaker version of Tallis’ claim, compatible with causation understood as agency, would work better.
Free will: An impossible reality or an incoherent concept?
Authors: Leach Stephen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The problem that Tallis attempts to address in Freedom: An Impossible Reality (2021) is that science appears to describe the entire world deterministically and that this seems to leave no room for free will. In the face of this threat, Tallis defends the existence of free will by arguing that science does not explain our intentional awareness of the world; and it is our intentional awareness that makes both science and free will possible.
Against Tallis, it is here argued that his argument is vulnerable to two criticisms. Firstly, his characterisation of science as apparently deterministic is inaccurate. Secondly, he has not solved the problem he has set himself but rather recast it, so that his conclusion leaves us having to account for free will, not in a deterministic universe, but either as a product of chance or as a miracle.
It is here suggested that when we set aside the illusory threat of scientific determinism, we also set aside the temptation of free will (as its spurious answer). That done, we may better focus upon agent’s freedom of action – as discussed by philosophers such as Hobbes, Locke and Hume – the rational capability of an agent to act upon their wishes, given the constraints under which they find themselves.
Laborer’s Love:An Anthropotechnogenetic Mediation Between Cinematism and Animetism
Authors: Fan Victor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow can media philosophy help us rehistoricize Zhang Shichuan (director) and Zheng Zhengqiu’s (screenwriter)Laogong zhi aiqing[Laborer’s Love, 1922] and foster a deeper understanding of its aesthetics within its historical context? In this article, I take Zhang Zhen’s (1999, 27–50) book chapter on the film, “Teahouse, Shadowplay, Bricolage Cinema,” as apoint de départof my investigation. I argue thatLaborer’s Loveis best understood as part of a larger media ecology that has always been in transition, or more properly speaking, always in a process of becoming. I want to demonstrate that in the film, the hybridity between a more presentational style that stemmed from early-twentieth-century Chinese theater and a more representational style that stemmed from American cinema may not be a symptom of the film’s transitionality. Rather, such hybridity might have been Zhang Shichuan’s conscious stylistic choice. Also, in the light of Thomas Lamarre’s understanding of the cinema as a negotiation between two relationships between the human and the machine—cinematism (an alignment between the human body and the moving trajectory of the machine) and animetism (a positing of the body within a moving machine)—we can rethink the film as an anthropotechnical mediation between these two relationships.
Variable stepsize construction of a two-step optimized hybrid block method with relative stability
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Qureshi Sania , Soomro Amanullah , Shaikh Asif Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several numerical techniques for solving initial value problems arise in physical and natural sciences. In many cases, these problems require numerical treatment to achieve the required solution. However, in today’s modern era, numerical algorithms must be cost-effective with suitable convergence and stability features. At least the fifth-order convergent two-step optimized hybrid block method recently proposed in the literature is formulated in this research work with its variable stepsize approach for numerically solving first- and higher-order initial-value problems in ordinary differential equations. It has been constructed using a continuous approximation achieved through interpolation and collocation techniques at two intra-step points chosen by optimizing the local truncation errors of the main formulae. The theoretical analysis, including order stars for the relative stability, is considered. Both fixed and variable stepsize approaches are presented to observe the superiority of the latter approach. When tested on challenging differential systems, the method gives better accuracy, as revealed by the efficiency plots and the error distribution tables, including the machine time measured in seconds.
Properties of compression molded ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: effects of varying process conditions
Authors: Wang Yihan , Jia Dan , Zhan Shengpeng , Tu Jiesong , Yang Tian , Li Jian , Duan Haitao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been extensively used in various tribological systems because of its outstanding tribological properties and excellent overall performance. Compression molding is the main molding method for UHMWPE, and the process parameters of molding have a profound effect on its material properties. In this study, three groups of UHMWPE samples were prepared, and their physical, mechanical, and tribological properties under different molding process parameters were examined—with a particular focus on the frictional and wear behavior of the material under various heating-temperatures, pressing-temperatures and pressures—and the friction and wear mechanisms of UHMWPE were analysed. Studies have shown that the rise in heating-temperature promotes the diffusion of polymer chains, resulting in an increased friction coefficient and wear loss of UHMWPE. The main wear mechanism switches from plastic deformation to fatigue wear. With an increase in the pressuring-temperature, the friction coefficient first increases and then decreases, while the wear loss increases, and the dominant wear mechanism switches from fatigue wear and plastic flow to plastic flow. With an increase in pressure, the friction coefficient and wear loss first decrease and then increase, and the prime wear mechanism changes from plastic deformation and fatigue wear to fatigue wear.
Suppression of steel corrosion via some gemini cationic surfactant-based Schiff base: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Shaban Samy M. , Shafek Samir H. , Elged Ahmed H. , Bekhit Mahmoud , Adawy Ahmed I. , Badr Emad A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Steel is involved extensively in engineering vast constructing units in many industries and can undergo to corrosion by some chemical and/or electrochemical reactions with the environment. Therefore, designating an organic inhibitor with a specific chemical structure will participate in steel protection via enhancing their adsorption on the steel surface. Three gemini cationic surfactants based on azomethine with different hydrophobic tails labeled GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 have been designated and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetrical and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Importantly, the surfactant tail regulated the corrosion inhibition performance; with increasing the surfactant tail length, their inhibition efficiency enhanced because of their higher adsorption affinity. The inhibition efficiency of GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 reached 95.52, 96.72, and 97.1% respectively (EIS measurements). The Tafel examination clarified that GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors behave as mixed type inhibitors following the modified Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitors adsorption on C-steel was confirmed by SEM surface examination. Finally, the DFT and MCs point of views investigation supported the experimental performance of the tested GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors and specially their dependence on surfactant tail length.
IQCN disruption causes fertilization failure and male infertility due to manchette assembly defect
Authors: Dai Jing , Li Qi , Zhou Qinwei , Zhang Shen , Chen Junru , Wang Yize , Guo Jing , Gu Yifan , Gong Fei , Tan Yueqiu , Lu Guangxiu , Zheng Wei , Lin Ge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTotal fertilization failure (TFF) is an important cause of infertility; however, the genetic basis of TFF caused by male factors remains to be clarified. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing was firstly used to screen for genetic causes of TFF after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and homozygous variants in the novel gene IQ motif‐containing N (IQCN) were identified in two affected individuals with abnormal acrosome structures. Then, Iqcn‐knockout mice were generated by CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and showed that the knockout male mice resembled the human phenotypes. Additionally, we found that IQCN regulates microtubule nucleation during manchette assembly via calmodulin and related calmodulin‐binding proteins, which resulted in head deformity with aberrant oocyte activation factor PLCζ. Fortunately, ICSI with assisted oocyte activation can overcome IQCN‐associate TFF and male infertility. Thus, our study firstly identified the function of IQCN, highlights the relationship between the manchette assembly and fertilization, and provides a genetic marker and a therapeutic option for male‐source TFF.