bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of walking pace and incident heart failure and subtypes among postmenopausal women
Authors: Miremad Moafi‐Madani , Lin Xiaochen , Rasla Somwail , El Meligy Amr , Roberts Mary B. , Laddu Deepika , Allison Matthew , Martin Lisa W. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Manson Jo Ann E. , Chlebowski Rowan , Panjrath Gurusher , LaMonte Michael J. , Liu Simin , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the association between walking pace and the risk of heart failure (HF) and HF sub‐types.MethodsWe examined associations of self‐reported walking pace with risk of incident HF and HF subtypes of preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fractions, among 25,183 postmenopausal women, ages 50–79 years. At enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative cohort in 1993–1998, this subset of women was free of HF, cancer, or the inability to walk one block, with self‐reported information on walking pace and walking duration. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine associations of walking pace (casual <2 mph [referent], average 2–3 mph, and fast >3 mph) with incident HF. We also examined the joint association of walking pace and duration with incident HF.ResultsThere were 1455 incident adjudicated acute decompensated HF hospitalization cases during a median of 16.9 years of follow‐up. There was a strong inverse association between walking pace and overall risk of HF (HR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.65, 0.83] for average vs. casual walking; HR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.56, 0.78] for fast vs. casual walking). There were similar associations of walking pace with HFpEF (HR = 0.73, 95%CI [0.62, 0.86] average vs. casual; HR = 0.63, 95%CI [0.50, 0.80] for fast vs. casual) and with HFrEF (HR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.57, 0.91] for average vs. casual; HR = 0.74, 95%CI [0.54, 0.99] for fast vs. casual). The risk of HF associated with fast walking with less than 1 h/week walking duration was comparable with the risk of HF among casual and average walkers with more than 2 h/week walking duration.ConclusionWalking pace was inversely associated with risks of overall HF, HFpEF, and HFrEF in postmenopausal women. Whether interventions to increase the walking pace in older adults will reduce HF risk and whether fast pace will compensate for the short duration of walking warrants further study.
Development of affective learning in dietetics graduates: A qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: O'Shea Marie‐Claire , Palermo Claire , Rogers Gary D. , Williams Lauren T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of affective learning during healthcare student education is essential for professional practice. Current studies are limited to short‐term studies with medicine and nursing students. Longitudinal studies are emerging; however, the research within allied health students remains scant. The present study investigates the value of simulation‐based learning activities in relation to affective learning among dietetic students.MethodsA double hermeneutic, interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) approach was employed, followed by an analysis of the trajectory of participants' affective learning across three‐interview time points via the application of Krathwohl's affective learning levels.ResultsThe simulation developed affective learning in four of the six participants, specifically in relation to their view of themselves as practitioners and their understanding of their future responsibilities to patient care. Three key themes were identified in the participants: (1) feeling of workforce readiness, (2) valuing lifelong learning and (3) attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork.ConclusionsThis IPA methodology described dietetic students' affective learning development as they transitioned to practice as graduate health professionals. Simulation‐based learning is one activity that enhances students' learning in the affective domain and educators should consider its value within their programs
A simplified procedure of nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Okawa Masayo , Hikino Kohei , Iida Yuki , Osaku Daiken , Kudoh Akiko , Chikumi Jun , Sato Shinya , Oishi Tetsuro , Harada Tasuku 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimWe devised a simplified nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy that is simpler than commonly used procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 16 cases of classical non‐nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (non‐nerve‐sparing group) and 16 cases of simplified nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (nerve‐sparing group) performed between 2019 and 2020. We examined and compared the duration of surgery, blood loss, perioperative complications, postoperative urinary function (presence or absence of urinary sensation, number of days with residual urine measurement, and frequency and duration of oral sustained release urapidil capsules and self‐catheterization), and short‐term prognosis between the two groups.ResultsCompared to conventional non‐nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy, the duration of surgery for nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy was significantly shorter (407 [339–555] min vs. 212 [180–356] min; p < 0.001), and blood loss was significantly less. Compared to the nerve‐sparing group, the non‐nerve‐sparing group had more cases of oral urapidil use and a higher frequency of clean intermittent catheterization. Clean intermittent catheterization was required in two cases in the nerve‐sparing group; however, it was withdrawn at 180 and 240 days. Conversely, clean intermittent catheterization was still required in three cases in the non‐nerve‐sparing group. There were no statistically significant differences in progression‐free survival and overall survival between the two groups.ConclusionThe simple nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy resulted in shorter duration of surgery and less blood loss as well as in a clear improvement in the postoperative urinary status and short‐term prognosis. This technique simplifies nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy, which is commonly thought to be complicated, making it easier to understand.
Central giant cell granulomas of the jaws stromal cells harbour mutations and have osteogenic differentiation capacity, in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Miguita Lucyene , de Souza Juliana Cristina , Bastos Victor Coutinho , Pereira Nubia Braga , de Freitas Raphaela Alvarenga Braga , Guimarães Leticia Martins , de Avelar Gleide Fernandes , Andrade Luciana Oliveira , Dutra Walderez Ornelas , Nunes Fábio Daumas , Castro Wagner Henriques , de Lacerda Julio Cesar Tanos , Reis Amanda Maria Sena , Bernardes Vanessa Fátima , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral giant cell granulomas (CGCG) of the jaws are osteolytic lesions that may behave aggressively and respond poorly to surgery. Microscopically, in addition to giant cells, there is a mononuclear cell population composed of macrophage/monocytic cells and spindle‐shaped cells of mesenchymal origin. Seventy two percent of these tumours harbour mutually exclusive TRPV4, KRAS and FGFR1 mutations. We aimed to assess the mutational status of mononuclear and giant cells and the osteogenic potential of stromal cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods and ResultsWe screened CGCG for signature mutations and used laser‐capture microdissection to demonstrate that the mutations are restricted to the mononuclear cells. Additionally, we established CGCG primary cell culture and observed that the cells retained the mutations throughout passages. By flow cytometry, we observed predominance of CD14−CD51−CD61− cells, consistent with the expected profile for stromal cells. Considering the mesenchymal origin of stromal cells, we assessed the osteogenic differentiation potential of CGCG cells in culture by cytochemistry (von Kossa and alizarin red staining), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and gene expression of osteogenic markers. CGCG cells presented self‐capacity to increase ALP levels in a time‐dependent manner and under osteogenic induction presented increasing number of calcium deposits, and overall higher expression of osteocalcin, RUNX2, ALPL and osteopontin than cells without osteogenic induction. A patient‐derived xenograft model for CGCG was established, and osteoid material deposition was observed.ConclusionCollectively, the results confirm that the signature mutations are restricted to stromal cells in CGCG, and the in vitro and in vivo results support that these cells have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, in line with the bone formation often observed in the stroma of these lesions.
Effects of histidine on growth performance of North American Atlantic salmon
Authors: Peterson Brian C. , Burr Gary S. , Gaylord Gibson T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) producers harvest over 2.4 million metric tons each year. Salmon feed producers are now including higher levels of alternative proteins due to fish meal production limits and consumer demand for more efficient and sustainable ingredients. We examined the effects of histidine in smolt (~355 g/fish) and juvenile (~600 g/fish) North American St. John River strain Atlantic salmon. Salmon were fed graded levels of histidine (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5%) to determine optimum levels necessary to support growth. In the first trial, only percent gain was ranged between 157 to 225%, while thermal growth coefficient (TGC) 1.6–2.0, and FCR ~1 were similar. In the smolt first trial, the final percent gain ranged between 157 and 225%, thermal growth coefficient (TGC) was 1.6–2.0, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was approximately 1.0. Regression analysis indicated that maximum growth occurred at a dietary histidine level of 0.9% (p = .0012). In the juvenile trial, percent weight gain ranged 35–45%, TGC ranged from 1.4 to 1.9, and FCR ranged from 1.1 to 1.3; these responses were not different between diets. Cataracts were observed in only 3 fish between both studies (3% of the total population). Using regression analysis, both studies suggest histidine levels of at least 0.9% of the diet adequately support Atlantic salmon growth.
Embracing the unpredictable effect of one person: an interview with Professor Keri Facer
Authors: Facer Keri , Parry Becky , Taylor Lucy , Bradley Jessica , Little Sabine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt was a keynote presentation by Professor Keri Facer at the United Kingdom Literacy Association (UKLA) international conference and subsequent article in Literacy that sparked the discussions which inspired the focus of this special issue. In July 2021, with a mix of end of term exhaustion and intellectual exhilaration, we gathered online to interview Keri and do that important activity we rarely manage to achieve in our performative academic culture, that is, to talk and think together. We wanted to share this process with you, and so we present our questions and Keri's responses with minimal editing and with the ‘epistemic hope’1 we felt in that moment and want to share.
A bridge across our fears: understanding spoken word poetry in troubled times
Authors: Curwood Jen Scott , Jones Katelyn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpoken word poetry encourages youth to engage in identity construction, resist oppression and construct counternarratives. Through participating in community‐based slams, school workshops and online events, young people can take part in visible activism through exploring their own identity, power and agency and seeing themselves as change agents. In this article, we share longitudinal case studies of two youth poets based in Sydney, Australia. As young women of colour coming of age in troubled times, we consider how poetry offers them a way to engage in story telling and to create counternarratives. We also explore how spoken word allows them to explore their cultural identities, offer testimony about their lived experiences and participate in activism. We situate our research within the COVID‐19 pandemic and critically reflect on how the shift online has offered new opportunities whilst also presenting unexpected challenges for youth poets.
Non‐selective beta‐blockers in patients with ascites: The complex interplay among the liver, kidney and heart
Authors: Téllez Luis , Albillos Agustín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) are the cornerstone of the primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. They additionally prevent ascites development and death in compensated patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. After ascites onset, NSBBs remain beneficial for preventing further decompensations. However, as the cirrhosis progresses, the inflammation increases, systemic vasodilatation worsens, ascites turns refractory and cardiodynamic equilibrium becomes extremely fragile. In this scenario, NSBBs can critically impair the cardiac reserve and facilitate a haemodynamic breakdown, imperilling renal perfusion. Consequently, NSBB treatment should be carefully monitored or even avoided in such patients, and other options for portal hypertension management should be considered. In the present review, we explore the effects of NSBBs in patients with ascites and discuss the complex interplay among their hepatic, systemic and renal haemodynamic effects in this scenario.
Lived experiences of frontline nurses and physicians infected by COVID‐19 during their activities: A phenomenological study
Authors: Simeone Silvio , Ambrosca Rossella , Vellone Ercole , Durante Angela , Arcadi Paola , Cicolini Giancarlo , Simonetti Valentina , Alvaro Rosaria , Pucciarelli Gianluca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the lived experiences of frontline nurses and physicians who were affected by COVID‐19 through a phenomenological approach, using Cohen's methodology with interview data. The participants were enrolled in the study in May 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. The inclusion criteria were (i) being a nurse or physician employed full time caring for COVID‐19 patients before falling ill; (ii) contracting SARS‐CoV‐2 between February 2020 to May 2020; (iii) having recovered before enrollment; and (iv) providing informed consent to participate. Sixteen participants (60% nurses) with an average age of 45 years were included. The following main themes were extrapolated from our data analysis: “fear of diagnosis,” “loneliness (as isolation),” “touch of nurses,” and “feeling guilty of abandonment.” Several aspects emerging from our study highlight the strong emotional impact of COVID on nurses and physicians infected during their activities, such as feelings of fear and loneliness on the one hand, and of impotence and guilt for not being able to help on the other.
Comparative risk of anemia and related micronutrient deficiencies after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity: An updated meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kwon Yeongkeun , Ha Jane , Lee Yong‐Hoon , Kim Dohyang , Lee Chang Min , Kim Jong‐Han , Park Sungsoo 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlthough Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the most prevalent bariatric surgical procedures, high‐level evidence is scarce regarding the assessment of postoperative nutritional risk in RYGB versus SG. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the risk of anemia and related micronutrient deficiencies after RYGB and SG. We analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials that compared RYGB and SG with reported incidence of postoperative anemia and/or anemia‐related micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, or folate). There were no significant differences in the risk of postoperative anemia (moderate level of evidence), iron deficiency (high level of evidence), or folate deficiency (moderate level of evidence). Patients undergoing RYGB had a higher risk of postoperative vitamin B12 deficiency than those undergoing SG (relative risk, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–3.02; p = 0.012; high level of evidence). Our findings imply that patients undergoing RYGB require more stringent vitamin B12 supplementation and surveillance than those undergoing SG. Additionally, our results may aid patients with high concern for anemia and related micronutrient deficiencies in making informed decisions regarding surgical methods based on nutritional risk.
The clinical utility of steroids in facial trauma: A retrospective study of 638 patients
Authors: Tiwari Preeti , Bera Rathindra Nath , Chauhan Nishtha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlucocorticosteroids reduce post‐operative swelling, trismus and pain after third molar extraction, maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery. Steroids may affect immune system and retard wound healing. However, the use of steroids may or may not lead to infection. Patients were divided into two groups based on steroid therapy. The minimum follow‐up was for 6 months. Independent t‐test and chi‐square statistics were used for quantitative and categorical data respectively. A p < 0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence interval. A total of 638 patient records were divided into two groups; group A (steroid group) and group B (non‐steroid group). After 6 months 45% of group A patients and 2% of group B patients had infection (p value‐0.077). The mean duration of analgesic requirement in group A was 3.9 ± 1.5 days compared to 4.4 ± 2.1 days in group B (p = 0.01). Oedema was present in 9% of patients in group A compared to 12.5% in group B after 1 week (p < 0.0001). The mean VAS score at 1 week was 0.03 ± 0.18 in group B compared to 0 in group A (p < 0.001). Use of steroids does not increase the risk of infection. It significantly reduces the duration of analgesic requirement with the reduction in oedema and pain.
Presidential Patronage and Executive Branch Appointments, 1925–1959
Authors: Rogowski Jon , Simko Tyler 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study presidential patronage as a form of distributive politics. To do so, we introduce comprehensive data on supervisory personnel in the executive branch between 1925 and 1959 and link each bureaucrat to the congressional representative from their home district. We identify testable hypotheses regarding the impact of electoral considerations, partisanship, and legislative support on the distribution of bureaucratic appointments across districts. Results from a variety of fixed‐effects estimation strategies are consistent with several forms of presidential patronage. Our results provide initial evidence about the mechanisms through which patronage appointments are administered in the executive branch and illustrate how presidential politics affects the composition of the federal government.
Interaction between arteriosclerosis and the APOE4 gene in cognitive decline in older adults: a cross‐sectional study in rural minority areas in western China
Authors: Qu Fang , Yang Xing , Yang Jingyuan , Zhou Quanxiang , Yang Xi , Chen Mingyan , Xiong Yan , Hu Yuxin 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNumerous studies have confirmed that the apolipoprotein E4 allele (APOE4) gene and arteriosclerosis (AS) have a combined effect on the occurrence of cognitive function impairment, and dyslipidaemia levels are significantly correlated with APOE4 levels and AS. Few studies have focused on the combined effect of the APOE4 gene and AS on cognitive function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of APOE4 gene and AS acting together on cognitive function through dyslipidaemia levels, which could provide certain scientific research value for future studies.MethodsA multi‐stage cluster sampling method was used to investigate older adults aged 60 years and above in rural areas of Guizhou, China. The demographic sociological characteristics were collected, and laboratory tests, blood lipid measurements, and physical examinations were performed. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to determine cognitive function. Analysis of variance with two‐factor factorial design was used to analyse the interaction between the APOE4 gene and AS on cognitive function and its domains.ResultsA total of 549 elderly subjects were eligible for this study. The result of the factorial design analysis revealed there was a significant interaction between the APOE4 gene and AS in terms of attention and numeracy (F = 6.878, P = 0.009).ConclusionsThe combination of the APOE4 gene and AS leads to a decrease in the level of attention and numeracy domains, and certain attention should be focused on such populations in the future.
Correcting hyponatremia by fluid sodium modulation in continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation
Authors: Anantharaman Saradha , Chionh Chang Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 40‐year‐old man presented with severe hyponatremia with a serum sodium of 102 mmol/L and concomitant acute kidney injury complicated by severe acidosis. He was started on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation. We present the equations and strategy used to calculate and adjust the sodium concentration of the dialysate and replacement fluids to increase serum sodium levels by ≤8 mmol/L/day. The equations were based on fundamental chemistry principles and applicable to common CRRT solutions with 140 mmol/L of sodium. This simple strategy for CRRT fluid sodium titration required only one adjustment per day, and the serum sodium levels increased safely within the daily targets set. Although the citrated‐replacement fluid was diluted for sodium adjustment, the citrate anticoagulation protocol was still able to achieve the targeted circuit ionized‐calcium levels and provided adequate anticoagulation without issues related to frequent clotting and other electrolyte abnormalities.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM ON ISLAM AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Malik Shoaib Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis introduction provides an overview of the significance of the Symposium on Islam and evolution that results from a conference hosted by the Leiden University Shīʿī Studies Initiative (LUSSI) in July 2021. The objective of this conference was to stimulate further research in the area. Scientists, theologians, and philosophers participated in the conference to discuss the topic from various angles. The selected articles that were accepted for this thematic section are summarized.
A Two-Experiment Approach to Scaling in Biomechanics
Authors: Ochoa-Cabrero Raul , Alonso-Rasgado Teresa , Davey Keith 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new approach to scaled experimentation has recently appeared in the open literature where hitherto unknown similitude rules have been discovered. The impact of this discovery on biomechanics is the focus of this paper, where rules for one and two scaled experiments are assessed. Biomechanical experimentation is beset by problems that can hinder its successful implementation. Availability of resources, repeatability and variability of specimens, ethical compliance and cost are the most prominent. Physical modeling involving synthetic composite materials can be used to advantage and circumvent ethical concerns but is presently impeded by cost and the limited scope of standardized geometries. The increased flexibility of the new approach, combined with the application of substantially cheaper three-dimensional printed materials, is investigated here for bone biomechanical experiments consisting of mechanical tests for the validation of finite element models by means of digital image correlation. The microstructure of the scaled materials is analyzed using a laser confocal microscope followed by the construction and validation of numerical models by means of a Bland–Altman statistical analysis. Good agreement is obtained demonstrated with means under 18 microstrains (μϵ) and limits of agreement below 83 μϵ. Consequently, numerical results for the new similitude approach shows an average percentage error of 3.1% and 4.8% for the optimized results across all values. The two-scaled experiment approach results in a sevenfold improvement for the average difference values of strain when compared to the single-scaled experiment, so demonstrating the potential of the new approach.