bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on chip mechanism of Inconel 718 with ultrasonic assisted drilling by step drill
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Dazhong , Fang Yu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys (Inconel 718) are considered to be difficult-to-machine materials with high yield strength and high-temperature strength properties and are widely used in the aerospace industry. Due to the low thermal conductivity of Inconel 718 material, it tends to cause severe tool wear. In this paper, three step drills with different second point angles are proposed and compared with common twist drills to analyze the effect of spindle speed on torque and thrust. The thrust and torque models of twist drill and step drill bits are firstly established, and then the critical burr generating state of the drill bit is analyzed. The experimental and finite element simulation analyses of the four types of drills show that the step drill has the advantages of lower drilling torque, lower thrust, less exit burr, less effective stress, and higher chip flow rate compared with the common twist drill, and the thrust and torque decrease as the second point angle of the step drill decreases. In addition, the step drill is then compared with conventional drilling (CD) and ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) to analyze the differences in temperature and chip morphology, and the results show that the machining temperature is lower and chip breaking performance is better under ultrasonic-assisted drilling.
Radiotherapy Enhances Efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in Advanced Liver Cancer: A Real-world Data
Authors: Hsu Shu-jung , Chao Yen-cheng , Hu Yong , Zhang Yang , Hong Wei-feng , Chen Yi-xing , Chen Rong-xin , Zeng Zhao-chong , Du Shi-suo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To address the need for immunotherapy in patient with advanced primary liver cancer, combination with radiotherapy (RT) has emerged as a promising strategy. In preclinical studies, irradiated tumors released tumor antigens to synergistically increase the antitumor effect of immunotherapy. Hence, we investigated whether RT enhances efficacy of anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in advanced liver cancer in real world practice.
Methods
Between August 2018 and June 2021, 180 patients with advanced primary liver cancer were enrolled, 87 were treated with a combination of RT and the inhibitor of programmed death receptor (RT-PD1 cohort) and 93 were administered anti-PD-1 therapy (PD1 cohort). The first cycle of PD-1 inhibitors was administered within 60 days or concurrently with RT. Propensity score matching for bias reduction was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.
Results
Among 49 propensity-matched pairs after PSM, median progression-free survival was 8.1 months in the RT-PD1 cohort versus 3.0 months in the PD1 cohort (P < 0.001). Median overall survival was 21.7 months in the RT-PD1 cohort versus 13.3 months in the PD1 cohort (P = 0.023). Compared with patients in the PD1 cohort, patients in the RT-PD1 cohort had a significantly higher objective response rates (49.0% versus 22.4%, P = 0.006) and disease control rates (71.4% versus 32.7%, P < 0.001). The incidences of toxic effects were not significantly different between the two cohorts.
Conclusions
RT plus anti-PD-1 therapy is well tolerated. RT enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced liver cancer by improving survival outcomes without increased toxic effects.
Transgenerational memory of the effect of drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield
Authors: Becheran Daniela E , Abeledo Gabriela , Beznec Ailin , Bossio Ezequiel , Faccio Paula , Miralles Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Water deficit is one of the main abiotic stresses that affect wheat production worldwide. Plants exhibit phenotypic variations to mitigate the negative effects of water stress on grain yield. The objective of the work was to evaluate whether wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants showed transgenerational inheritance of environmental adaptation when exposed to water deficit around flowering (i.e. the critical phenological stage for the definition of grain yield). During the first experimental year, plants from three genotypes (PIF: commercial cultivar; TR1 and TR4: transgenic genotypes derived from PIF containing the transcription unit pSARK::IPT --associated with the cytokinin-induced enhanced drought tolerance--) were cultivated under well-watered (WWm) or water deficit from Z3.2 to Z6.9+5 days (WDm). Offspring of this first year were then grown under well-watered (WWo) or water deficit from Z3.2 to Z6.9+5 days (WDo) during the next two years, following a crop arrangement. Plants from seeds exposed to WDm tended to have a poor grain yield for both water regimes of the progeny (i.e. WWo and WDo) in both years. The number of grains per unit area was the numerical component that best explained grain yield (r2=0.98; p<0.05), due to variations in the number of grains per ear. Grain weight was a highly conservative trait. Aboveground biomass and harvest index reduced in response to WDo compared to WWo and followed similar responses to grain yield. In conclusion, a restrictive maternal water environment worsened yield response in the following generation, independent of the water condition to which the offspring were exposed, due to reductions in the number of grains per spike, in total aboveground biomass at maturity, and in its partitioning to the grain.
Rebalancing global nitrogen management in response to a fertilizer and food security crisis
Authors: Snapp Sieglinde , Sapkota Tek , Chamberlin Jordan , Cox Cindy , Gameda Samuel , Jat Mangi , Marenya Paswel , Mottaleb Khondoker , Negra Christine , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Sida Tesfaye , Singh Upendra , Stewart Zachary , Tesfaye Kindie , Govaerts Bram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vulnerabilities of the global fuel-fertilizer-food nexus have been revealed by a regional geopolitical conflict causing sudden and massive supply disruptions. Across over- and under-fertilized agricultural systems, nitrogen (N) fertilizer price spikes will have very different effects and require differentiated responses. For staple cereal production in India, Ethiopia, and Malawi, our estimates of N-fertilizer savings show the value of integrated organic and inorganic N management. N-deficient systems benefit from shifting to more cost-effective, high-N fertilizer (such as urea), combined with compost and legumes. N-surplus systems achieve N savings through better targeted and more efficient N-fertilizer use. Globally, there is a need to re-balance access to N-fertilizers, while steering the right fertilizer to the right place, and managing N in combination with carbon through near-term interventions, while striving for longer-term sustainable management. Nationally, governments can invest in extension and re-align subsidies to enable and incentivize improved N management at the farm level.
Incidence of Occult Hepatitis B virus infection among Sudanese patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis in the absence of Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Mohamed Osama , Ibrahim Sabah A. E. , Mohamed Sofia B. , Kambal Sumaya , hamedelnile Yasser , Hassan Mohamed , Almofti Yassir A. , kafi Shamsoun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of Occult HBV Infection (OBI) in Sudanese patients living with LC and HCC in absence of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The plasma of 200 recruited patients were tested for HBsAg, anti HBcAg and HBeAg using ELISA kits. The DNA and RNA were extracted from the samples which tested negative for HBsAg and positive for HBcAg by using viral DNA and RNA extraction kit. Real time PCR was performed for detection of HBV and HCV followed by Multiplex Nested PCR with specific HBV genotype primers. Only 2% HCC patients and 3% LC patients were seronegative for both HBsAg. However, high seroprevalence of HBsAg and HBeAg were recorded in HCC patients group compared to LC group with no statistical significant differences. In regards to HBV genotypes, D, E and mixed D/E genotypes were detected in all positive samples with absence of HCV. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 OBI was detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis patients. These results highlighted the importance of integrating effective OBI screening techniques such as real time PCR and multiplex nested PCR for proper diagnosis and clinical management of liver diseases.
Investigation of the stray corrosion of Inconel 718 at low current density in NaNO3 solution
Authors: Guo Jianwei , Zhu Dong , Zhu Di , Hou Zhenhao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surface integrity and machining accuracy have important effects on the fatigue life of blisk. During the electrochemical machining (ECM) of blisk, the blade is processed piece by piece. The machined blade profile is exposed to the electric field under low current density and is corroded when the next blade is processed. To investigate stray corrosion during the ECM of blisk, we analyzed the ηω–icurve of Inconel 718 and found that Inconel 718 continues to dissolve at very low current density. We then established a mathematical model of the stray corrosion of blisk in consideration of the electric field factor. Numerical simulations demonstrated that stray corrosion occurs during the ECM of blisk when the machining gap is large (> 1 mm). In a basic experimental investigation of the stray corrosion of Inconel 718, when the machining gap reached 40 mm, the machining time was 220 s, and the amount of corrosion was 0.033 mm. We also carried out ECM experiments with and without protecting the blade from attack by stray current using electrical insulation tape. The maximum corrosion amount of the machined blade was 0.035 mm without protection. In contrast, the protected machined blade was not corroded, and protection enhanced the accuracy and quality of the blisk blade ECM profile.
Survival and cause-specific mortality in adult females of a northern migratory ungulate
Authors: Pöllänen Antti , Pakanen Veli-Matti , Paasivaara Antti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Survival of migratory species, such as ungulates, can vary seasonally due to changing environmental conditions, e.g., weather or predation pressure. Female wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus, ‘WFR’) migrate between calving and wintering grounds. Their annual cycle includes four main seasons (wintering, calving, rut and autumn migration) during which they are subject to different conditions, but nothing is known about their survival or mortality patterns. We tracked two separated WFR subpopulations in Kainuu and Suomenselkä in Finland with GPS-collars. Using histories from 271 WFR females followed during 2009–2020, we examined annual and seasonal patterns in survival and cause-specific mortality (predation, traffic and unknown causes) with known-fate models. Annual, seasonal and population variation in survival were negligible (annual mean = 0.85). Predation was the primary cause of mortality (56% of all cases) and wolves (Canis lupus) killed the majority of predated individuals (59% of predation mortality). Importantly, predation rates were higher in Kainuu where the wolf density was 3.7 times higher. In line with this, seasonal variation was not clear in Suomenselkä whereas predation varied across the annual cycle in Kainuu being lower during autumn migration (1.4% / 2 months) and calving (1.7% / 4 months) but higher during rutting (2.8% / 2 months) and wintering (5.3% / 4 months) season. Our results warrant research on the mechanisms (climate, habitat, movement patterns etc.) affecting predation rates during these periods of higher mortality.
Transdisciplinary transformative change: An analysis of some best practices and barriers and the role of critical social science in getting us there
Authors: Deutsch Sierra , Keller Roger , Krug Cornelia , Michel Annina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Biodiversity experts now widely acknowledge that transformative change is best supported through transdisciplinary collaborations. Yet, such collaborations rarely successfully occur in major biodiversity research institutions and those that do rarely achieve the paradigmatic effects they aim to deliver. To gain some insight into this global phenomenon, we surveyed Swiss-based researchers, transdisciplinary collaborators, and other stakeholders addressing global change and biodiversity. In this article, we connect our findings to global patterns in transdisciplinary transformative change initiatives (TTCIs) and heuristically divide collaboration barriers into two categories: lack of resources and lack of vital functional elements. Two of the major themes that emerged from this research were the continued difficulties with 1) establishing a common ‘language’, understanding, and goals, and 2) meaningful pluralization of knowledge in transdisciplinary collaborations aimed at addressing global change and biodiversity loss. The former is widely cited in the literature as contributing to the failure of TTCIs in the form of incoherent problem-framing, while the latter is often identified as contributing to the lack of structural transformative change (e.g., paradigmatic shifts) in completed initiatives. Another major theme reflected in TTCI literature was limited time. Moreover, based on our own extensive inter- and transdisciplinary experience, we agree with other experts that there is a persistent lack of understanding of the potential contributions of critical social science (CSS) to TTCIs. We thus argue that enhancing resource availability for TTCIs, especially tools for improving CSS literacy, could save time and support both problem-framing alignment and delivery of the structural/paradigmatic changes we aspire to.
CPW Compact Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications
Authors: Chang Rui , Wang Jiayun , Lu Chang , Meng Qingya , Zhang Binzhen , Duan Junping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design and development of a multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) compact antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed for 5G millimeter-wave applications. It can be operated in the C (4-8 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (18-26.5 GHz), and Ka (27-40 GHz) with full coverage of the millimeter wave 5G New Radio (NR) n257/n258/n261 bands.The proposed antenna is designed with planar geometry with an element size of 14 mm×19 mm, which makes it compact and achieves a wide operating bandwidth. By the arrangement of orthogonal rotation, the 4-port structure is formed to realize good polarization diversity. The result shows that the MIMO antenna has a stable radiation pattern at the low-frequency band and offers an ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) of 5-39 GHz (154.5%), isolation of more than 19 dB, and a total footprint of 40 mm×40 mm. ECC<0.04, DG>9.99, CCL<0.4, and MEG<-5 dB have been achieved. The prototype of MIMO is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulation ones. Moreover, the operating mechanism is analyzed by equivalent RLC circuit and surface current distribution. This antenna can be used in a variety of ultra-wideband applications.
GeneXpert Ultra performance to detect uncommon rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rigouts Leen , Keysers Jelle , Reenaers Rabab , Fissette Kristina , Deun Armand Van , de jong Bouke Catherina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra to accurately detect rifampicin resistance (RR) for less common rpoB mutations that potentially confer phenotypic RR, we tested 28 such Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures with Xpert Ultra. Results: They represented 22 different (combinations of) rpoBmutations. Of 28 isolates tested, one was reported by Xpert Ultra as “No R detected” (RS), 8 yielded an “R Indeterminate” result, and 19 were identified as RR. Overall, our results corroborate previous observations on the “Indeterminate” results for mutations at codon 432, while we add Lys446Gln as additional “Indeterminate” result and Pro439Leu as a false-RS result. Furthermore, we document other uncommon SNPs and indels across the rpoB gene that are mostly correctly identified as RR by Xpert ultra (V3). Taken together, “Indeterminate” results in Xpert Ultra may indicate underlying rpoBmutations within the rifampicin-resistance determining region and thus increase the post-test probability of rifampicin resistance, albeit to an unknown extent.
The Addition of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone to 2-day Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test Provides Additional Case Detection
Authors: Wehbeh Leen , Alwahab Ula Abed , Mikhael Alexandra , Dobri Georgiana , Yogi-Morren Divya , Kennedy Laurence , Hamrahian Amir H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE:
To assess the diagnostic value of adding a Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test to the 2-day Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test (Dex-CRH Test).
METHODS:
We identified 65 patients with Cushing disease (CD) and 42 patients in whom a diagnosis of Cushing disease could not be confirmed (NCD) after a minimum follow-up of 14 months, all of whom had undergone the Dex-CRH test.
RESULTS:
The female sex ratio, median (range) age, and BMI were similar between the two groups. The follow-up for patients with CD and NCD was 66 (4-146) and 52 (14-146) months, respectively. Among 65 patients with CD, 5 (7.7%) had a cortisol level ≤ 1.4 µg/dl after LDDST but were appropriately classified as CD with a cortisol level >1.4 µg/dL at 15-min post CRH stimulation. In contrast, 3/42 patients (7.1%) in NCD had an abnormal Dex-CRH test. In only one of three patients, the LDDST was marginally normal (cortisol was 1.4 µg/dL and increased to 3.1 µg/dL 15-min post CRH). A cortisol cutoff value of > 1.4 µg/dL during the Dex-CRH test provided a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, and diagnostic accuracy of 97% to diagnose CD. Analysis that included only patients with a Dex level (n=74), the sensitivity did not change, but the specificity and accuracy of the Dex-CRH test increased to 97% and 99%, respectively.
CONCLUSION:
The Dex-CRH Test provided additional case detection in 5/65 (7.7%) patients with CD. It resulted in one false-positive case compared to LDDST. Measurement of dexamethasone improved the diagnostic accuracy of the test.
Highly efficient parallel design of Dilithium on GPUs
Authors: Zhao Xinying , Wang Baocang , Zhao Zhen , Qu Quanbo , Wang Leizhang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Confronted with severe challenges from quantum computers on public-key cryptography based on traditional number theory, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has received a substantial amount of attentions. However, suffering from time-consuming polynomial operations, most post-quantum schemes cannot be really applied in practice, especially in high-concurrency scenarios. In this paper, we focus on the post-quantum signature algorithm, DILITHIUM, and present an optimized and highly parallel implementation on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). We give two optimized versions, named single mode and batch mode. In the scheme of single mode, we show efficient implementations of number theoretic transformations (NTT) and other polynomial operations adapted to the scheme. In the batch mode, we improve the reject sampling algorithm for the simultaneous processing of multiple sets of data. Finally, we implement our schemes on GPUs with different architectures, such as Pascal, Volta, and Turing, which shows that the speedup ratio of our schemes increases with the increasing of processed data number. The speedup is up to 11.18× for 15360 groups of data in our experimental environment. In the single mode, We can achieve a speedup of more than 4× for complex operations, such as NTT and its inverse. Other simpler operations such as reduce, caddq and decompose can also achieve an acceleration of 2× ~ 4×. In comparison with the original DILITHIUM scheme testing in the high-performance CPU 6133, our scheme finally has a 1.22× speedup even after taking the communication overhead between CPU and GPU into consideration.
Modification and verification of soil-snow module of INM RAS climate model
Authors: Chernenkov Alexey Yu. , Volodin Evgeny M. , Kostrykin Sergey V. , Tarasevich Maria A. , Vorobyeva Vasilisa V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the modification of land snow cover module of INM RAS climate model. The possible liquid water content in the snow layer and refreezing of melt water are taken into account by modified version of the model. This is especially important for transition season modelling, because of this phenomenon is observed mainly during the formation and melting of the snow cover, when surface temperature fluctuates around 0 °C. Simulation of snow density evolution is also added. The snow model is verified on observation and reanalysis data, including with using the ESM-SnowMIP-like protocol. As a result of these updates, mean climate snowmelting periods according to INM RAS climate model are refined, particularly in middle and high latitudes. Snow covered area reproduction is also improved. Modified version of snow model on the land can be used coupled with albedo model of a snow-covered surface, which takes into account snow metamorphism, and it can also be applied for sea ice case.
Magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles highly dispersed on coal-based activated carbons: a recoverable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, congo red, and rhodamine B
Authors: Zhang Biao , Tang Yakun , Gao Shasha , Wang Shan , Liu Lang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Here, we report a simple co-precipitation and heat treatment routine for preparing CuFe2O4/activated carbons (AC) magnetic catalyst assisted by trisodium citrate (TSC), in which CuFe2O4 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed onto coal-derived activated carbons (AC). The CuFe2O4/AC nanocomposites exhibit brilliant catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in comparison with previous reported catalysts. Furthermore, it was found that the nanocomposite can effectively degrade anionic and cationic dyes (rhodamine B and congo red) in wastewater. Importantly, the CuFe2O4/AC catalyst can be facilely separated by the external magnetic field and revealed favorable stability. The excellent catalytic activity of the CuFe2O4/AC catalyst can be mainly attributed to the synergistic coupling between the coal-based activated carbon (AC) with a high surface area and CuFe2O4 nanoparticles with a small size. The combination of co-precipitation and heat treatment can be applied in preparing other catalysts used in the industry.
The neuroendocrine correlates of song behavior in a finch species with extensive male and female song
Authors: Rose Evangeline M. , Haakenson Chelsea M. , Patel Aliyah , Gaind Shivika , Shank Benjamin , Ball Gregory 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Birdsong is a relatively well-studied behavior, both due to its importance as a model for vocal production learning and as an intriguing complex social behavior. Until the last few decades work on birdsong focused almost exclusively on males. However, it is now widely accepted that female song not only exists, but is fairly common throughout the oscine passerines. Despite this, and the large number of researchers who have begun exploring female song in the field, researchers in the lab have been slow to adopt model species with female song. Studying female song in the lab is critical for our understanding of sex differences in the physiology controlling this fascinating behavior. Additionally, as a model for vocal production learning in humans, understanding the mechanistic and neuroendocrine control of female song is clearly important. In this study, we report neuroendocrine correlates of female song in the red-cheeked cordon bleu (RCCB), a finch species with extensive female song. Specifically, we focused on characterizing song rate and circulating hormone levels, as well as nuclei volumes and cell densities within the song control system (SCS). Additionally, we report on motor-driven expression of the immediate early gene ZENK in the SCS of male and female RCCBs.