bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecogenomics sheds light on diverse lifestyle strategies in freshwater CPR
Authors: Chiriac Maria-Cecilia , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Andrei Adrian-Stefan , Okazaki Yusuke , Nakano Shin-ichi , Haber Markus , Kavagutti Vinicius Silva , Layoun Paul , Ghai Rohit , Salcher Michaela M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. The increased use of metagenomics and single-cell genomics led to the discovery of organisms from phyla with no cultivated representatives and proposed new microbial lineages such as the candidate phyla radiation (CPR, or Patescibacteria). These bacteria have peculiar ribosomal structures, reduced metabolic capacities, small genome and cell sizes, and a general host-associated lifestyle was proposed for the radiation. So far, most CPR genomes were obtained from groundwaters, however, their diversity, abundance, and role in surface freshwaters is largely unexplored. Here we attempt to close these knowledge gaps by deep metagenomic sequencing of 119 samples of 17 different freshwater lakes located in Europe and Asia. Moreover, we applied Fluorescence in situ Hybridization followed by Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH) for a first visualization of distinct CPR lineages in freshwater samples.Results. A total of 174 dereplicated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of diverse CPR lineages were recovered from the investigated lakes, with a higher prevalence from hypolimnion samples (162 MAGs). They have reduced genomes (median size 1 Mbp) and were generally found in low abundances (0.02 – 14.36 coverage/Gb) and with estimated slow replication rates. The analysis of genomic traits and CARD-FISH results showed that the radiation is an eclectic group in terms of metabolic capabilities and potential lifestyles, ranging from what appear to be free-living lineages to host- or particle-associated groups. Although some complexes of the electron transport chain were present in the CPR MAGs, together with ion-pumping rhodopsins and heliorhodopsins, we believe that they most probably adopt a fermentative metabolism. Terminal oxidases might function in O2 scavenging, while heliorhodopsins could be involved in mitigation against oxidative stress.Conclusions. A high diversity of CPR MAGs was recovered, and distinct CPR lineages did not seem to be limited to lakes with specific trophic states. Their reduced metabolic capacities resemble the ones described for genomes in groundwater and animal-associated samples, apart from Gracilibacteria that possesses more complete metabolic pathways. Even though this radiation is mostly host-associated, we also observed organisms from different clades (ABY1, Paceibacteria, Saccharimonadia) that appear to be unattached to any other organisms or were associated with ‘lake snow’ particles (ABY1, Gracilibacteria), suggesting a broad range of potential life-strategies in this phylum.
WITHDRAWN: Observing patterns in MRI with QSM in Patients with SOD1 and C9ORF72 Genetic ALS
Authors: Warner DO Robin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The most common forms of familial ALS are due to the C9ORF72 and SOD1 genes. Pathology studies have demonstrated patients with C9ORF72 ALS tend to develop more protein aggregates in the cerebellum and temporal lobes, while SOD1 patients develop more protein aggregates in the frontal and temporal lobes. (REF). Other means of looking for these signs are not established. Currently, we use brain MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping analysis (QSM) to examine susceptibility in the motor cortex, which is typically increased in motor neuron disease, correlating with the clinical syndrome. We designed a study to retrospectively assess the MRI/QSM in genetic ALS patients for specific regional changes.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all genetic ALS patients seen in Neurology at Hospital for Special Surgery from 2013 through 2018 who had MRI with QSM. Our neuroradiologist carefully examined the scans of each patient.Results: We found no distinguishing abnormalities in the brain MRIs of the genetic ALS patients reviewed. QSM of the motor cortices and corticospinal tracts showed increase in susceptibility, which is not unique to any specific type of ALS.Discussion: MRI/QSM may not be useful in distinguishing ALS patients with the C9ORF72 or SOD1 mutations. This could reflect that the amount of protein aggregation may not be directly related to axonal loss, or that they affect certain neurons/tracts more than others.
Mineralogy and bulk geochemistry of a fumarole at Hverir, Iceland: Analog for acid-sulfate leaching on Mars
Authors: Carson George L. , McHenry Lindsay J. , Hynek Brian M. , Cameron Barry I. , Glenister Chase T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIceland’s Námafjall geothermal area exhibits a range of alteration environments. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of fumaroles and hot springs interacting with Holocene basaltic lavas at Hverir, and with Pleistocene hyaloclastites atop nearby Námaskar∂, reveal diﬀerent patterns of alteration depending on the water/rock ratio, degree of oxidation, and substrate composition and age. The focus of this study is a transect of a Hverir fumarole that has formed a bullseye pattern of alteration of a Holocene basaltic lava flow. Surface samples and samples collected from shallow pits were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to constrain changes in mineral assemblage and major elemental composition with both distance and depth. Elemental sulfur is concentrated near the vent, with leached deposits with amorphous silica and anatase nearby and kaolinite, hematite, and jarosite/alunite-group sulfate minerals farther out, with smectites and less altered material at the margins, though smaller-scale mineralogical diversity complicates this pattern.Silica phases include amorphous silica (most samples), cristobalite (some samples in the leached part of the apron), and quartz (minor constituent of a few samples). The silica was concentrated through residual enrichment caused by leaching and is accompanied by a significant enrichment in TiO2 (in anatase). The presence of abundant cristobalite in a surface fumarole-altered Holocene basaltic lava flow most likely reflects cristobalite formed during the devitrification of volcanic glass or precipitation from fumarolic vapors, rather than high-temperature processes. Minor, localized quartz likely reflects diagenetic maturation of earlier-formed amorphous silica, under surface hydrothermal conditions. Natroalunite, natrojarosite, and jarosite are all present and even exhibit compositional zonation within individual crystals, showing that under surface hydrothermal conditions, these minerals can form a significant solid solution.The high iron content of the substrate basalt and the prevalence of Fe-sulfates and Fe-oxide spherules among the alteration products makes this geothermal area an especially useful analog for potential martian hydrothermal environments. The residual enrichment of silica in the leached deposits of the Hverir fumarole apron could serve as an acid-sulfate leaching model in which amorphous silica forms without appreciable sulfur-bearing phases in many samples, a possible analog for silica-rich soils in the Columbia Hills on Mars. The coexistence of hematite spherules and jarosite-group minerals serves as an intriguing analog for a volcanic/hydrothermal model for hematite and jarosite occurrences at Meridiani Planum.
Effects of thermal annealing on water content and δ18O in zircon
Authors: Yang Chuan-Mao , Xia Xiao-Ping , Gao Yu-Ya , Wang Xue , Zhang Wan-Feng , Cui Ze-Xian , Yang Ya-Nan , Yang Qing , Xu Yi-Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimary water and oxygen isotope composition are important tools in tracing magma source and evolution. Metamictization of zircon due to U-Th radioactive decay may introduce external secondary water to the crystal, thereby masking the primary water and oxygen isotope signature. Recently, Raman-based screening has been established to select the low-degree metamict zircons. However, such an approach may not be appropriate for ancient samples, in which nearly all zircons are metamict. It was reported that thermal annealing can potentially heal crystals and retrieve primary water content and δ18O information from metamict zircons, given the weaker hydrogen bond of secondary water than that of primary water. Heating experiments at temperatures of 200–1000 °C over a period of 2–10 h reveal that annealing can effectively recover primary water and oxygen isotopes from metamict zircons. Primary water in crystalline and metamict zircons remains intact when heated at &lt;700 °C, while secondary water can be effectively expelled from metamict zircons when heated at 600 °C for &gt;4 h, which represent the optimal annealing treatment condition. Hydrothermally altered zircon is an exception. It only yields the minimum estimate of its primary water contents at 600 °C over a period of &gt;4 h, probably due to partial primary water loss during metamictization for hydrothermal zircons. Moreover, the proportion of low-δ18O (&lt;4.7‰) zircon grains that may be influenced by secondary water dropped from ~21% at &lt;600 °C to ~9% when annealed at &gt;700 °C. This study therefore provides the basis for applying zircon water and δ18O proxies to geologically ancient samples.
Level of self-efficacy of middle school students during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Pranowo Taufik Agung 
Published: March 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-efficacy in students at Sarbini Islamic Junior High School. Method - This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study was 215 students. The sample used in this study was 25 students. Sampling was done by purposive random sampling. Data analysis in this study used descriptive quantitative.Result - The level of student self-efficacy at the moderate level shows a value of 26%. As for the high level shows a value of 21%. Students at Sarbini Islamic Junior High School experienced a low level of self-efficacy with a value of 7%, and a level of self-efficacy in the less category with a value of 19%. In each indicator, it can be seen that there are only 2 levels of high self-efficacy with values of 77 and 81 on the indicators of Adjusting to Tasks and Self-Assessment of Ability to Do Tasks. While other indicators are in the medium category.Implications – This research has an impact on knowing the level of self-efficacy of Sarbini Islamic Junior High School students to provide an overview to Sarbini Islamic Junior High School teachers in the learning process.Originality – Strengthening students at Islamic Junior High School through self-efficacy in the form of guidance and counseling services.***Tujuan - Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efikasi diri pada siswa SMP Islam Sarbini.Metode - Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 215 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 25 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive random sampling. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil - Tingkat efikasi diri siswa pada tingkat sedang menunjukkan nilai sebesar 26%. Sedangkan untuk level tinggi menunjukkan nilai sebesar 21%. Siswa SMP Islam Sarbini mengalami tingkat efikasi diri rendah dengan nilai 7%, dan tingkat efikasi diri dalam kategori kurang dengan nilai 19%. Pada masing-masing indikator terlihat hanya terdapat 2 tingkat efikasi diri yang tinggi dengan nilai 77 dan 81 pada indikator Menyesuaikan Tugas dan Penilaian Diri Kemampuan Mengerjakan Tugas. Sedangkan indikator lainnya berada pada kategori sedang.Implikasi - Penelitian ini berdampak pada mengetahui tingkat efikasi diri siswa SMP Islam Sarbini untuk memberikan gambaran kepada guru SMP Islam Sarbini dalam proses pembelajaran.Originalitas - Penguatan siswa MTs melalui studi level efikasi diri berupa layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
Analysis of parental burnout conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Fazny Bella Yugi 
Published: March 2022

Purpose - This research aimed to describe the level of parental burnout of parents in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method - Measurements were carried out using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) instrument. Participants in this research amounted to 164 people spread across various regions in Indonesia.Result - 15% of parents experienced a high level of parental burnout, 64% of parents experienced a moderate level of parental burnout and 21% of parents experienced a low level of parental burnout in the care of children under 18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of another survey of the need for assistance were that 96% of parents answered that it was necessary to provide a self-healing guidebook related to mental health issues (self-therapy).Implications – This research has an impact on developing a first aid handbook to assist parents in identifying and dealing with parental burnout independently through self-healing therapy.Originality – This research is an overview of the need for assistance that can be provided or developed by further researchers especially in the care of children under 18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic.***Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat parental burnout orang tua pada anak selama masa pandemi COVID-19.Metode - Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 164 orang yang tersebar di berbagai daerah di Indonesia.Hasil - 15% orang tua mengalami tingkat kelelahan orang tua yang tinggi, 64% orang tua mengalami tingkat kelelahan orang tua yang sedang dan 21% orang tua mengalami tingkat kelelahan orang tua yang rendah dalam mengasuh anak di bawah usia 18 tahun selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Hasil survei lain tentang perlunya pendampingan adalah 96% orang tua menjawab perlu menyediakan buku panduan self-healing terkait masalah kesehatan mental (self-therapy).Implikasi - Penelitian ini berdampak pada mengetahui praktisi kesehatan mental dan psikiatri dapat mengembangkan buku pegangan pertolongan pertama untuk membantu orang tua dalam mengidentifikasi dan menangani kelelahan orang tua secara mandiri melalui terapi penyembuhan diri.Originalitas - Penelitian ini merupakan gambaran tentang perlunya bantuan yang dapat diberikan dan atau dikembangkan oleh peneliti selanjutnya khususnya dalam pengasuhan anak di bawah 18 tahun selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
REINTERPRETASI GERAKAN DAKWAH FRONT PEMBELA ISLAM (FPI)
Authors: Syaefudin Machfud 
Published: March 2022

Front Pembela Islam (FPI) is an Islamic socio-religious organization group in Indonesia. The members’ preaching ways are considerably radical, and often has appalled many people, especially in implementing “amar ma’ruf nahi munkar”. These radical actions have caused some fear, even violated human rights for some members of the community. This study, then, presents the facts by looking further interactions and implications of FPI’s social movement in da’wah activities. Thus, the symbol and propaganda on “amar ma’ruf nahi munkar” are possibly reconsidered based on the social conditions of surrounding communities. Taking an action as a law enforcer of values, norms, and social order in the community means neglecting the responsibility of the government.***Front Pembela Islam (FPI) adalah sebuah kelompok organisasi sosial keagamaan Islam di Indonesia. Cara berdakwah para anggota FPI yang radikal, sering menimbulkan terkejut banyak orang, terutama dalam menerapkan "amar ma'ruf nahi munkar". Tindakan radikal yang dilakukan oleh FPI telah menyebabkan rasa takut, bahkan melanggar hak asasi manusia (HAM) untuk beberapa anggota masyarakat. Dengan demikian penelitian ini menyajikan beberapa fakta dengan memperhatikan interaksi lebih lanjut dan implikasi dari gerakan sosial FPI dalam kegiatan dakwah. Dengan demikian, simbol dan propaganda tentang "amar ma'ruf nahi munkar" perlu dipertimbangkan berdasarkan kondisi sosial masyarakat sekitar. Mengambil tindakan sebagai penegak hukum, nilai-nilai, norma-norma dan tatanan sosial di masyarakat berarti mengabaikan tanggung jawab pemerintah.
SURAT SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH: Studi Atas Praktek Dakwah Rasulullah saw terhadap Raja Heraclius, Kisra Abrawaiz, Muqouqis, dan Najasyi
Authors: Rachman Santoso Bobby , Baroroh Umul , Dadang Abdullah Asep 
Published: March 2022

It was proven that the letter format of the Prophet delivered to the kings during his da’wah was astounding. His letters being written by Zaid bin Thabit were always preceded by Basmalah word, whereas the letters were sent to unbelievers. This study is a kind of descriptive qualitative research that used a historical approach. The result shows that there were some reasons behind the Prophet messages as a medium of da’wah to the kings: a) it was a result of the Hudaybiya Peace Treaty and the success of the Prophet on establishing Muslims force in Medina. It was influenced by the conflict between King Heraclius and King Kisra Abrawaiz. b) the Prophet’s letters were likely to show that the Prophet Muhammad was the Medina leader. c) it was triggered by the universality of Muhammad prophet-hood as a leader of mankind, as well as the crisis of confidence experienced by Najasyi and Muqouqis.***Format surat dakwah Rasulullah saw yang dikirimkan kepada para raja sangatlah menkajubkan. Surat-surat Rasulullah saw yang ditulis oleh sekretarisnya yakni Zaid bin Tsabit selalu didahului kalimat Basmalah, padahal surat-surat itu akan dikirimkan kepada orang-orang kafir. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, sedangkan spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu ada beberapa latar belakang pengiriman surat sebagai media dakwah: a) akibat Perjanjian Perdamaian Hudaibiyah, keberhasilan Rasulullah saw membentuk kekuatan umat muslim di Madinah, dan konflik yang terjadi antara Raja Heraclius dan Kisra Abrawaiz. b) surat Rasulullah saw. yang bernuansa politik ingin menunjukkan bahwa beliau adalah pemimpin Madinah. c) universalitas kenabian Muhammad saw sebagai pemimpin umat manusia, serta krisis kepercayaan yang dialami Najasyi dan Muqouqis
Super-resolution of sea surface temperature with convolutional neural network- and generative adversarial network-based methods
Authors: Izumi Tomoki , Amagasaki Motoki , Ishida Kei , Kiyama Masato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we perform the super-resolution of sea surface temperature data with the enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial network (ESRGAN), which is a deep neural network-based single-image super-resolution (SISR) method that uses a generative adversarial network (GAN). We generate high-quality super-resolution data with ESRGAN and with the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) and residual-in-residual dense block network (RRDBNet) methods, which are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The images generated with these methods are compared with high-resolution optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (OISST) data using root mean square error (RMSE), learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS), and perceptual index (PI) evaluation methods. RRDBNet has a better RMSE than SRCNN and ESRGAN. However, CNN-based SISR methods do not provide a faithful representation of the ocean currents of OISST. ESRGAN has a better LPIPS and PI than CNN-based methods and can represent the complex distribution of ocean currents.
Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles from Aryl-sydnones
Authors: Pujol Maria Dolors , Oumessaoud Asmaa , Akhramez Soufiane , Bouali Jamila , Yassine Hasna , Hamri Salha , Ouchetto Hajiba , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In this current work, a new synthesis strategy was developed
to obtain 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles derivatives.

Methods:
A series of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles have been prepared via 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition reaction of 3-phenylsydnones with a variety of alkenes derivatives, symmetric
and non-symmetric alkynes derivatives, N-phenyl-maleimide, N-benzylmaleimides,
and maleic anhydride under conventional manner.

Results:
Moreover, in this work, it has been demonstrated that the 4-bromopyrazole intermediates
can be further functionalized by a combination of Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling
reactions with aryl-boronic acids and N-arylation reactions of anilines.

Conclusion:
In summary, we have developed a new method to obtain 1,3,4 triarylated pyrazoles
through 3-phenylsydnone 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. By comparing the different
reactions, it is apparent that high temperatures and xylene as solvent are key to achieving
pyrazoles derivatives. The best yields were observed for symmetric and non-symmetric
alkynes as dipolarophiles.
Marine Benzophenones and Xanthones: Isolation, Synthesis, and Biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Bing , Chen Ning , Zhang Weiyang , Wu Yi , Tang Zhijuan , Wang Zhenni , Ji Yubin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Marine microorganisms are an important source of active natural products and drugs,
which have become a research hotspot in recent decades. Due to the special marine ecological environment,
the metabolic pathways of marine organisms have certain characteristics, and their metabolites
are novel in structures and unique in activities. Xanthones and benzophenones are widely distributed
in nature, and most of them are found in fungi and higher plants. They are described as
"dominant structures" in the field of modern medicine because of their obvious pharmacological activities,
including antibacterial and antifungal activities. This paper reviews the research progress of
isolated microbial xanthone and benzophenone compounds from marine sources at home and abroad
in recent years, including their chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, which lays a foundation for future
utilization and development.