bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota-testis axis: FMT improves systemic and testicular micro-environment to increase semen quality in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hao Yanan , Feng Yanni , Yan Xiaowei , Chen Liang , Zhong Ruqing , Tang Xiangfang , Shen Wei , Sun Qingyuan , Sun Zhongyi , Ren Yonglin , Zhang Hongfu , Zhao Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical data suggest that male reproductive dysfunction especially infertility is a critical issue for type 1 diabetic patient (T1D) because most of them are at the reproductive age. Gut dysbiosis is involved in T1D related male infertility. However, the improved gut microbiota can be used to boost spermatogenesis and male fertility in T1D remains incompletely understood.

Methods
T1D was established in ICR (CD1) mice with streptozotocin. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improved gut microbiota (fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from AOS improved gut microbiota; A10-FMT) was transplanted into the T1D mice by oral administration. Semen quality, gut microbiota, blood metabolism, liver, and spleen tissues were determined to investigate the beneficial effects of A10-FMT on spermatogenesis and underlying mechanisms.

Results
We found that A10-FMT significantly decreased blood glucose and glycogen, and increased semen quality in streptozotocin-induced T1D subjects. A10-FMT improved T1D-disturbed gut microbiota, especially the increase in small intestinal lactobacillus, and blood and testicular metabolome to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ameliorate spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, A10-FMT can improve spleen and liver functions to strengthen the systemic environment for sperm development. FMT from gut microbiota of control animals (Con-FMT) produced some beneficial effects; however, to a smaller extent.

Conclusions
AOS-improved gut microbiota (specific microbes) may serve as a novel, promising therapeutic approach for the improvement of semen quality and male fertility in T1D patients via gut microbiota-testis axis.
Variance of allele balance calculated from low coverage sequencing data infers departure from a diploid state
Authors: Fletcher Kyle , Han Rongkui , Smilde Diederik , Michelmore Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolyploidy and heterokaryosis are common and consequential genetic phenomena that increase the number of haplotypes in an organism and complicate whole-genome sequence analysis. Allele balance has been used to infer polyploidy and heterokaryosis in diverse organisms using read sets sequenced to greater than 50× whole-genome coverage. However, sequencing to adequate depth is costly if applied to multiple individuals or large genomes.ResultsWe developed VCFvariance.pl to utilize the variance of allele balance to infer polyploidy and/or heterokaryosis at low sequence coverage. This analysis requires as little as 10× whole-genome coverage and reduces the allele balance profile down to a single value, which can be used to determine if an individual has two or more haplotypes. This approach was validated using simulated, synthetic, and authentic read sets from the oomycete speciesBremia lactucaeandPhytophthora infestans, the fungal speciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae, and the plant speciesArabidopsis arenosa. This approach was deployed to determine that nine of 21 genotyped European race-type isolates ofBremia lactucaewere inconsistent with diploidy and therefore likely heterokaryotic.ConclusionsVariance of allele balance is a reliable metric to detect departures from a diploid state, including polyploidy, heterokaryosis, a mixed sample, or chromosomal copy number variation. Deploying this strategy is computationally inexpensive, can reduce the cost of sequencing by up to 80%, and used to test any organism.
A qualitative systematic review on the experiences of homelessness among older adults
Authors: Om Phuntsho , Whitehead Lisa , Vafeas Caroline , Towell-Barnard Amanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdults who experience homelessness for an extended period of time also experience accelerated ageing and other negative impacts on their general health and wellbeing. Homelessness amongst older adults is on the rise, yet there are few systematic reviews investigating their experiences. Thus, this review classifies and synthesises qualitative research findings of studies published between 1990 to 2020 that have examined the needs and challenges of homeless older adults to elucidate their journey of homelessness. Seven papers met the requirements for inclusion. Three main themes were identified in the review: - (1) Pathways to homelessness, (2) Impact of homelessness, and (3) Outcomes and resolutions. This review collates current evidence on what is known about the experience of homelessness among older adults. In this study, homeless older adults identified a wide range of challenges associated with the experience of homelessness.
COVID-19 GPH: tracking the contribution of genomics and precision health to the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: Yu Wei , Drzymalla Emily , Gwinn Marta , Khoury Muin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe scientific response to the COVID-19 pandemic has produced an abundance of publications, including peer-reviewed articles and preprints, across a wide array of disciplines, from microbiology to medicine and social sciences. Genomics and precision health (GPH) technologies have had a particularly prominent role in medical and public health investigations and response; however, these domains are not simply defined and it is difficult to search for relevant information using traditional strategies. To quantify and track the ongoing contributions of GPH to the COVID-19 response, the Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the COVID-19 Genomics and Precision Health database (COVID-19 GPH), an open access knowledge management system and publications database that is continuously updated through machine learning and manual curation. As of February 11, 2022, COVID-GPH contained 31,597 articles, mostly on pathogen and human genomics (72%). The database also includes articles describing applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence to the investigation and control of COVID-19 (28%). COVID-GPH represents about 10% (22983/221241) of the literature on COVID-19 on PubMed. This unique knowledge management database makes it easier to explore, describe, and track how the pandemic response is accelerating the applications of genomics and precision health technologies. COVID-19 GPH can be freely accessed via https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/coVInfoStartPage.action.
Paraplegia secondary to disseminated mucormycosis: case report and literature review
Authors: Shi Xiangjun , Qi Lei , Du Boran , Yao Xingchen , Du Xinru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We report a case of spine infection with mucormycosis that manifested signs of paraplegia in a patient suffering from disseminated mucormycosis. Timely and effective surgery was performed. A review of the literature is included.

Case presentation
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis complained of back pain and fatigue for one month, and his right lower extremity activity had been limited for 10 days. T4–T6 vertebral and paravertebral soft tissue-involved infections were identified by MRI, which were derived from right lung pneumonia. He underwent abscess debridement, spinal canal decompression, pedicle screw fixation and amphotericin B liposome injection. Histopathological examination revealed broad aseptate hyphae suggestive of invasive mucormycosis. There was improvement in neurological function after surgical and medical treatment. Three months after the surgery, the patient died of uncontrollable massive bleeding of the urinary system. Mucormycosis is characterized by rapid development and a high mortality rate. This case shows the significance of a multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mucormycosis. In addition, orthopedic surgeons should design appropriate surgery plans for spine-involved mucormycosis patients.

Conclusion
This case present a patient with paraplegia caused by the spread of pulmonary mucormycosis to the vertebral and paravertebral soft tissue of levels T4–T6. After medical treatment, surgical debridement and internal fixation, the patient recovered well but later patient died of possible disease dissemination to the renal or urinary tract which resulted in massive haemorrhage.
Long-term effect of additional rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A on upper limb activity in chronic stroke: the InTENSE randomised trial
Authors: Lannin Natasha A. , Ada Louise , English Coralie , Ratcliffe Julie , Faux Steven , Palit Mithu , Gonzalez Senen , Olver John , Schneider Emma , Crotty Maria , Cameron Ian D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
It is common for people with persistent spasticity due to a stroke to receive an injection of botulinum toxin-A in the upper limb, however post-injection intervention varies.

Aim
To determine the long-term effect of additional upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A in chronic stroke.

Method
An analysis of long-term outcomes from national, multicenter, Phase III randomised trial with concealed allocation, blinded measurement and intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. Participants were 140 stroke survivors who were scheduled to receive botulinum toxin-A in any muscle(s) that cross the wrist because of moderate to severe spasticity after a stroke greater than 3 months ago, who had completed formal rehabilitation and had no significant cognitive impairment. Experimental group received botulinum toxin-A plus 3 months of evidence-based movement training while the control group received botulinum toxin-A plus a handout of exercises. Primary outcomes were goal attainment (Goal Attainment Scale) and upper limb activity (Box and Block Test) at 12 months (ie, 9 months beyond the intervention). Secondary outcomes were spasticity, range of motion, strength, pain, burden of care, and health-related quality of life.

Results
By 12 months, the experimental group scored the same as the control group on the Goal Attainment Scale (MD 0 T-score, 95% CI -5 to 5) and on the Box and Block Test (MD 0.01 blocks/s, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03). There were no differences between groups on any secondary outcome.

Conclusion
Additional intensive upper limb rehabilitation following botulinum toxin-A in chronic stroke survivors with a disabled upper limb is not more effective in the long-term.

Trial Registration
ACTRN12615000616572 (12/06/2015).
Associations between socioeconomic status and pregnancy outcomes: a greater magnitude of inequalities in perinatal health in Montreal than in Brussels
Authors: Sow Mouctar , Raynault Marie-France , De Spiegelaere Myriam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Comparing health inequalities between countries helps us to highlight some factors specific to each context that contribute to these inequalities, thus contributing to the identification of courses of action likely to reduce them. This paper compares the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and 1) low birth weight (LBW) and 2) preterm birth, in Brussels and Montreal (in general population, natives-born mothers, and immigrant mothers).

Methods
A population-based study examining associations between SES and pregnancy outcomes was conducted in each city, using administrative databases from Belgian and Quebec birth records (N = 97,844 and 214,620 births in Brussels and Montreal, respectively). Logistic regression models were developed in order to estimate the relationship between SES (maternal education and income quintile) and pregnancy outcomes, in each region. The analyses were first carried out for all births, then stratified according to the mother’s origin.

Results
For the general population, SES is associated with LBW and preterm birth in both regions, except for income and preterm birth in Brussels. The association is stronger for mothers born in Belgium and Canada than for those born abroad. The main difference between the two regions concerns the magnitude of inequalities in perintal health, which is greater in Montreal than in Brussels among the general population. For native-born mothers, the magnitude of inequalities in perinatal health is also greater for mothers born in Canada than for those born in Belgium, except for the association between income and preterm birth. The socioeconomic gradient in perinatal health is less marked among immigrant mothers than native mothers.

Conclusion
Significant differences in inequalities in perinatal health are observed between Brussels and Montreal. These differences can be explained by : on the one hand, the existence of greater social inequalities in Montreal than in Brussels and, on the other hand, the lower vulnerability of immigrants with low SES in Brussels. Future studies seeking to understand the mechanisms that lead to inequalities in health in different contexts should take into account a comparison of immigration and poverty contexts, as well as the public policies related to these factors.
Functional outcomes are preserved in adult acetabular dysplasia with radiographic evidence of lumbosacral spine anomalies: an investigation in hip-spine syndrome
Authors: Shi Aaron , Sun Joshua , Chhabra Avneesh , Thakur Uma , Xi Yin , Kohli Ajay , Wells Joel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acetabular dysplasia (AD) is a debilitating condition which results in impaired hip function, leading to hip-spine syndrome with anomalies identifiable on plain radiographs. However, no study to date has investigated the association between radiographic spine anomalies and functional outcomes in AD. We hypothesize that AD patients with radiographic evidence of lumbar spine anomalies are associated with decreased function in comparison to those without such radiographic findings.

Patients and methods
One hundred thirty-five hips underwent a full four-view hip radiograph series, and two observers analyzed hip and spine variables using standard radiographs and obtained Castellvi grade, assessment of spondylolisthesis, and L4-S1 interpedicular distance. A comprehensive hip questionnaire was administered which included Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) to assess patient function. Correlations between HHS and HOOS and radiographic spinal measurements were calculated, and p-values were corrected for multiple comparison using the Holm’s method.

Results
Out of 135 patients, 119 were female (88.1%) and 16 were male (11.9%). Average age of presentation was 34.2 years, and average BMI was 26. There was no statistically significant correlation between Castellvi grade, presence of spondylolisthesis, or L4-S1 interpedicular distance and the patient-reported outcome measures HHS or HOOS. Conversely, a significant correlation was observed between Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index and HOOS of the contralateral hip (correlation coefficient = 0.38, adjusted p = 0.03) and Tönnis angle of AD severity and HHS of the contralateral hip (correlation coefficient = − 0.33, adjusted p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Severity of spinal anomalies measured by Castellvi grade and spondylolisthesis in patients with AD was not associated with decreased patient function in the ipsilateral diseased hip. To our knowledge, this is the first study to date to report the relationship between radiographically identifiable lumbosacral abnormalities and hip function in AD.
Effect of complete reduction of hernia sac and transection of hernia sac during laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia repair on seroma
Authors: Pan Chunpeng , Xu Xin , Si Xianke , Yu Jiwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the effect of complete reduction and transection of the hernia sac during laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia repair on seroma.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on 1763 cases undergoing laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia repair in three centers from January 2017 to September 2019, among them, 311 patients with transection of hernia sac and 1452 patients with reduction of hernia sac, the data of the two groups were tested by t-test. Logistic univariate analysis was performed on 233 cases of postoperative seroma, and variables p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Then, the transection group and the reduction group were matched with 1:1 propensity score matching, and the caliper value was set at 0.05. Finally, 274 patients matched in each group were analyzed by univariate analysis again to evaluate whether the transection of hernia sac had an impact on postoperative seroma.

Results
The results of univariate analysis of 233 patients with postoperative seroma showed that: ASA-3 p = 0.031, classification-L3 p < 0.001, surgery-TEP p < 0.001, transect group p = 0.005. The results of multivariate analysis show that: ASA-3 p < 0.001, classification-L3 p < 0.001, surgery-TEP p < 0.001, transect group p = 0.020. The results of univariate analysis after propensity score matching showed that transection of the hernia sac is significant for postoperative seroma (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Transection of the hernia sac during laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia repair can significantly lead to postoperative seroma.
Perceptions of the academic learning environment among occupational therapy students – changes across a three-year undergraduate study program
Authors: Stigen Linda , Mørk Gry , Carstensen Tove , Magne Trine A. , Gramstad Astrid , Johnson Susanne G. , Småstuen Milada C. , Bonsaksen Tore 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Although the learning environment influences students’ motivation, learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the study program, less is known about how these factors change as the students’ progress through the study program.

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine changes in occupational therapy students’ perceptions of the academic learning environment during their three-year study program and to examine factors associated with the students’ perceptions of the learning environment.

Materials and methods
A longitudinal cohort study was conducted throughout the three-year study program. Data were collected annually using the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). In total, 263 students from six occupational therapy programs participated in at least one data gathering point. The number of participants was 186 in the first year, 168 in the second year and 200 in the third year. Of the 263 students who participated in the study, 87 participated in only one point of data collection, 58 at two points and 118 at all three points of the data collection. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models.

Results
The results showed statistically significant temporal changes on the “Emphasis on independence”, “Good teaching” and “Generic skills” scales. There was a significant decrease in scores from the first to the second year of study and the scores remained at this level in the third study year on both the “Emphasis on independence” and “Good teaching” scales. In addition, associations were found between study effort and educational institution related to the “Appropriate workload” scale, as well as between age and the “Generic skills” scale.

Conclusion
The temporal changes of the students’ perceptions of the “Emphasis on independence” as well as “Good teaching” scales are noteworthy. Both scales indicated a significant decrease in scores, indicating that the students perceived that they were less independent from first to second and third year, as well as a perceived decline in the quality of teaching from first to second and third year. The results of this study are central when planning to facilitate learning, especially related to independence and perceptions of good teaching for students in occupational therapy programs.
The implementation of scribing within a medical school’s pre-clinical curriculum: pilot study
Authors: Palomares Vanessa , Patel Arpan , Wagner Ellen , McCarthy Elisa , Adams William , Fitz Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical students matriculating from their preclinical curriculum into clinical clerkships face a significant learning curve when using an electronic medical record (EMR) system for clinical documentation. With the trend toward reduction in preclinical medical education, students now have fewer opportunities to optimize their note-writing and overall clinical skills before transitioning to patient-care settings.

Methods
This study sought to investigate how a structured medical scribing program in an outpatient clinic helps bridge the gap between traditional preclinical and clinical curricula in medical education. A small cohort of medical students were trained in medical scribing within our institutions’ existing preclinical preceptorship program. We surveyed students, preceptors, and patients during the project to better understand confidence around documentation, the EMR, and the impact of the scribing program on workflow efficiency and patient satisfaction.

Results
There was no significant difference between the scribe and non- scribe students in their confidence documenting a patient encounter or navigating EMR (all p > .05). Our study demonstrated that preceptors for scribe students reported a significant decrease in documentation time compared to non-scribes (Mdiff = − 5.75, p = .02), with no negative impact on patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
Medical scribing can be a tool to further develop medical trainees in clinical documentation and help prepare them for the responsibilities during clinical years. When summing the per encounter time savings over the course of a half or full clinic day, scribing can return a significant amount of time back to preceptors. The time saved by the preceptor needs to be further investigated to determine if the time can lend itself towards better patient care, student-specific feedback, focused teaching, or even mentoring.