bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed ferroelectricity in methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Tong Wen-Yi , Zhao Jin-Zhu , Ghosez Philippe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMethylammonium lead iodide, as related organometal halide perovskites, emerged recently as a particularly attractive material for photovoltaic applications. The origin of its appealing properties is sometimes assigned to its potential ferroelectric character, which remains however a topic of intense debate. Here, we rationalize from first-principles calculations how the spatial arrangement of methylammonium polar molecules is progressively constrained by the subtle interplay between their tendency to bond with the inorganic framework and the appearance of iodine octahedra rotations inherent to the perovskite structure. The disordered tetragonal phase observed at room temperature is paraelectric. We show that it should a priori become ferroelectric but that iodine octahedra rotations drive the system toward an antipolar orthorhombic ground state, making it a missed ferroelectric.
Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling
Authors: Jarvis J. , Lebedev V. , Romanov A. , Broemmelsiek D. , Carlson K. , Chattopadhyay S. , Dick A. , Edstrom D. , Lobach I. , Nagaitsev S. , Piekarz H. , Piot P. , Ruan J. , Santucci J. , Stancari G. , Valishev A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParticle accelerators and storage rings have been transformative instruments of discovery, and, for many applications, innovations in particle-beam cooling have been a principal driver of that success1. Stochastic cooling (SC), one of the most important conceptual and technological advances in this area2–6, cools a beam through granular sampling and correction of its phase-space structure, thus bearing resemblance to a ‘Maxwell’s demon’. The extension of SC from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies and bandwidths has long been pursued, as it could increase the achievable cooling rates by three to four orders of magnitude and provide a powerful tool for future accelerators. First proposed nearly 30 years ago, optical stochastic cooling (OSC) replaces the conventional microwave elements of SC with optical-frequency analogues and is, in principle, compatible with any species of charged-particle beam7,8. Here we describe a demonstration of OSC in a proof-of-principle experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Integrable Optics Test Accelerator9,10. The experiment used 100-MeV electrons and a non-amplified configuration of OSC with a radiation wavelength of 950 nm, and achieved strong, simultaneous cooling of the beam in all degrees of freedom. This realization of SC at optical frequencies serves as a foundation for more advanced experiments with high-gain optical amplification, and advances opportunities for future operational OSC systems with potential benefit to a broad user community in the accelerator-based sciences.
Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer
Authors: Dial Roman J. , Maher Colin T. , Hewitt Rebecca E. , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnprecedented modern rates of warming are expected to advance boreal forest into Arctic tundra1, thereby reducing albedo2–4, altering carbon cycling4and further changing climate1–4, yet the patterns and processes of this biome shift remain unclear5. Climate warming, required for previous boreal advances6–17, is not sufficient by itself for modern range expansion of conifers forming forest–tundra ecotones5,12–15,17–20. No high-latitude population of conifers, the dominant North American Arctic treeline taxon, has previously been documented5advancing at rates following the last glacial maximum (LGM)6–8. Here we describe a population of white spruce (Picea glauca) advancing at post-LGM rates7across an Arctic basin distant from established treelines and provide evidence of mechanisms sustaining the advance. The population doubles each decade, with exponential radial growth in the main stems of individual trees correlating positively with July air temperature. Lateral branches in adults and terminal leaders in large juveniles grow almost twice as fast as those at established treelines. We conclude that surpassing temperature thresholds1,6–17, together with winter winds facilitating long-distance dispersal, deeper snowpack and increased soil nutrient availability promoting recruitment and growth, provides sufficient conditions for boreal forest advance. These observations enable forecast modelling with important insights into the environmental conditions converting tundra into forest.
Global dataset of species-specific inland recreational fisheries harvest for consumption
Authors: Embke Holly S. , Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Robertson Ashley M. , Arlinghaus Robert , Akintola Shehu L. , Atessahin Tuncay , Badr Laamiri Mohamed , Baigun Claudio , Basher Zeenatul , Beard T. Douglas , Boros Gergely , Bower Shannon D. , Cooke Steven J. , Cowx Ian G. , Franco Adolfo , Gaspar-Dillanes Ma. Teresa , Granada Vladimir Puentes , Hart Robert John , Heinsohn Carlos R. , Jalabert Vincent , Kapusta Andrzej , Krajč Tibor , Koehn John D. , Lopes Gonçalo , Lyach Roman , Magqina Terence , Milardi Marco , Nattabi Juliet , Nyaboke Hilda , Phang Sui , Potts Warren M. , Ribeiro Filipe , Mercado-Silva Norman , Sreenivasan Naren , Thorpe Andy , Treer Tomislav , Ustups Didzis , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Wood Louisa E. , Zengin Mustafa , Lynch Abigail J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInland recreational fisheries, found in lakes, rivers, and other landlocked waters, are important to livelihoods, nutrition, leisure, and other societal ecosystem services worldwide. Although recreationally-caught fish are frequently harvested and consumed by fishers, their contribution to food and nutrition has not been adequately quantified due to lack of data, poor monitoring, and under-reporting, especially in developing countries. Beyond limited global harvest estimates, few have explored species-specific harvest patterns, although this variability has implications for fisheries management and food security. Given the continued growth of the recreational fishery sector, understanding inland recreational fish harvest and consumption rates represents a critical knowledge gap. Based on a comprehensive literature search and expert knowledge review, we quantified multiple aspects of global inland recreational fisheries for 81 countries spanning ~192 species. For each country, we assembled recreational fishing participation rate and estimated species-specific harvest and consumption rate. This dataset provides a foundation for future assessments, including understanding nutritional and economic contributions of inland recreational fisheries.
Intelligent yield estimation for tomato crop using SegNet with VGG19 architecture
Authors: Maheswari Prabhakar , Raja Purushothamman , Hoang Vinh Truong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYield estimation (YE) of the crop is one of the main tasks in fruit management and marketing. Based on the results of YE, the farmers can make a better decision on the harvesting period, prevention strategies for crop disease, subsequent follow-up for cultivation practice, etc. In the current scenario, crop YE is performed manually, which has many limitations such as the requirement of experts for the bigger fields, subjective decisions and a more time-consuming process. To overcome these issues, an intelligent YE system was proposed which detects, localizes and counts the number of tomatoes in the field using SegNet with VGG19 (a deep learning-based semantic segmentation architecture). The dataset of 672 images was given as an input to the SegNet with VGG19 architecture for training. It extracts features corresponding to the tomato in each layer and detection was performed based on the feature score. The results were compared against the other semantic segmentation architectures such as U-Net and SegNet with VGG16. The proposed method performed better and unveiled reasonable results. For testing the trained model, a case study was conducted in the real tomato field at Manapparai village, Trichy, India. The proposed method portrayed the test precision, recall and F1-score values of 89.7%, 72.55% and 80.22%, respectively along with reasonable localization capability for tomatoes.
Effectiveness of third vaccine dose for coronavirus disease 2019 during the Omicron variant pandemic: a prospective observational study in Japan
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Kushimoto Shigeki , Katori Yukio , Sugawara Noriko , Egusa Hiroshi , Igarashi Kaoru , Fujita Motoo , Kure Shigeo , Takayama Shin , Abe Michiaki , Kikuchi Akiko , Ohsawa Minoru , Ishizawa Kota , Abe Yoshiko , Imai Hiroyuki , Inaba Yohei , Iwamatsu-Kobayashi Yoko , Nishioka Takashi , Onodera Ko , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe administration of a third booster dose of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressed worldwide. Since January 2022, Japan has faced a nationwide outbreak caused by the Omicron variant, which occurred simultaneously with the progression of mass vaccination with the third booster dose. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the third dose of vaccine by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test using nasopharyngeal swab samples from adults aged ≥ 18 years tested after having close contact with COVID-19 cases between January and May 2022. Participants who completed only one dose were excluded from the study. Among the 928 enrolled participants, 139 had never been vaccinated, 609 had completed two doses, 180 had completed three doses before the swab test, and the overall RT-PCR test positivity rate in each group was 48.9%, 46.0%, and 32.2%, respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of the third dose to prevent infection after close contact was approximately 40% (95% confidence interval: 20–60%), which was the highest at 10–70 days after receiving the third dose. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the three-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after close contact during the Omicron outbreak is approximately 40%.
Leveraging reimbursement strategies to guide value-based adoption and utilization of medical AI
Authors: Venkatesh Kaushik P. , Raza Marium M. , Diao James A. , Kvedar Joseph C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the increasing number of FDA-approved artificial intelligence (AI) systems, the financing of these technologies has become a primary gatekeeper to mass clinical adoption. Reimbursement models adapted for current payment schemes, including per-use rates, are feasible for early AI products. Alternative and complementary models may offer future payment options for value-based AI. A successful reimbursement strategy will align interests across stakeholders to guide value-based and cost-effective improvements to care.
A BaTiO3/WS2 composite for piezo-photocatalytic persulfate activation and ofloxacin degradation
Authors: Fazli Arezou , Zakeri Fatemeh , Khataee Alireza , Orooji Yasin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric fields can decrease the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes in semiconductors and therewith increase their photocatalytic activities. Here, a BaTiO3/WS2 composite is synthesized and characterized, which combines piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanofibers and WS2 nanosheets. The piezo-photocatalytic effect of the composite on the persulfate activation is studied by monitoring Ofloxacin (OFL) degradation efficiency. Under mechanical forces, LED lamp irradiation, and the addition of 10 mM persulfate, the OFL degradation efficiency reaches ~90% within 75 min, which is higher than efficiencies obtained for individual BaTiO3, WS2, or TiO3, widely used photocatalysts in the field of water treatment. The boosted degradation efficiency can be ascribed to the promotion of charge carrier separation, resulting from the synergetic effect of the heterostructure and the piezoelectric field induced by the vibration. Moreover, the prepared composite displays good stability over five successive cycles of the degradation process. GC–MS analysis is used to survey the degradation pathway of OFL during the degradation process. Our results offer insight into strategies for preparing highly effective piezo-photocatalysts in the field of water purification.
Computation of eigenfrequency sensitivities using Riesz projections for efficient optimization of nanophotonic resonators
Authors: Binkowski Felix , Betz Fridtjof , Hammerschmidt Martin , Schneider Philipp-Immanuel , Zschiedrich Lin , Burger Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResonances are omnipresent in physics and essential for the description of wave phenomena. We present an approach for computing eigenfrequency sensitivities of resonances. The theory is based on Riesz projections and the approach can be applied to compute partial derivatives of the complex eigenfrequencies of any resonance problem. Here, the method is derived for Maxwell’s equations. Its numerical realization essentially relies on direct differentiation of scattering problems. We use a numerical implementation to demonstrate the performance of the approach compared to differentiation using finite differences. The method is applied for the efficient optimization of the quality factor of a nanophotonic resonator.
Ultrafast relaxation of acoustic and optical phonons in a topological nodal-line semimetal ZrSiS
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Dhakal Gyanendra , Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Beetar John E. , Kabir Firoza , Regmi Sabin , Kaczorowski Dariusz , Chini Michael , Fregoso Benjamin M. , Neupane Madhab 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, nodal line semimetals based on ZrSiS-family have garnered massive research interests contributing numerous experimental and theoretical works. Despite being the most studied nodal-line semimetal, a clear understanding of the transient state relaxation dynamics and the underlying mechanism in ZrSiS is lacking. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we study the ultrafast relaxation dynamics in ZrSiS and reveal a unique relaxation in the bulk nodal-line state which is well-captured by a simple model based on optical and acoustic phonon cooling. Our model predicts linear decay processes for both optical and acoustic phonon relaxations with optical cooling dominant at higher temperatures. Our results reveal different decay mechanisms for the bulk and surface states and pave a way to understand the mechanism of conduction in this material.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Etiology, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes
Authors: Mattingly Erin , Roth Carole R. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide each year. TBI presents as a major cause of death and disability in older adults, which is significant in the setting of older adults living longer. Falls are the leading cause of TBI in older adults, and normal sensory, motor, and cognitive changes that occur with aging increase the risk of falling. Multiple medical and cognitive comorbidities put older adults at increased risk for sustaining a TBI, and complicate recovery. Preexisting comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, when combined with polypharmacy and aging effects compound the risks, severity, and outcomes following TBI.
This clinical focus article addresses the normal effects of aging, the epidemiology of aging, and the relationship of aging to risks, consequences, and prognosis following TBI in older adults. In addition, discussion focuses on medical care and treatment, acute and chronic consequences, and assumptions and controversies in approaches to management of acute TBI in this population. The processes for assessment and treatment of cognitive communication during rehabilitation are explained in detail, including specific measures and strategies for both the acute and chronic phases of rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
Outcomes following TBI in older adults include persisting cognitive and functional limitations that often require some level of support. However, studies have shown that there are elderly patients with severe TBI who benefit from rehabilitation and may have more favorable outcomes. Determining prognosis after TBI is challenging relative to long-term functional consequences, due to the aging process. Therefore, the best intervention for TBI in older adults is prevention of TBI. As the aging population continues to increase in the United States, the need to design and implement evidence-based, cost-effective measures that focus on prevention of the leading causes of TBI in older adults becomes more urgent.
Image encryption algorithm based on cascaded chaotic map and improved Zigzag transform
Authors: Zheng Jiming , Lv Tianyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on cascaded chaotic map and improved Zigzag transform is proposed. Firstly, a cascade chaotic system is improved to make its chaotic sequence evenly distributed and improve its parameter range. The purpose is to obtain high random chaotic sequence and make the ciphertext image more secure. Secondly, the improved Zigzag transform is used to scramble the image. Compared with the standard Zigzag transform, the improved Zigzag transform can fully scramble all the pixels and improve the randomness of the ciphertext image. Thirdly, a wave‐shaped diffusion algorithm is designed, its characteristic is that it can alternate between different row and column for diffusion. The combination of SHA256 algorithm and plain image makes the cipher image better resist the select plaintext attack. Simulation results show that the algorithm has fast encryption efficiency, high security and can effectively resist various attacks.
A fast sparse Bayesian learning method with adaptive Laplace prior for space‐time adaptive processing
Authors: Wang Degen , Wang Tong , Cui Weichen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpace‐time adaptive processing with finite samples is supposed to be a crucial technique for airborne radar systems. Inspired by the application of Gaussian prior in sparse Bayesian learning algorithm and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, a hierarchical Bayesian framework with adaptive Laplace priors is proposed. In this paper, a novel method is applied to avoid the high‐dimension matrix inverse operation in the proposed algorithm. Moreover, in order to apply the method in the complex‐valued domain, the complex‐valued signal is split into two independent variables. Then, the sparse recovery problem in the complex‐valued domain can be transformed into the real‐value domain. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve great clutter suppression performance and also ensure high computational efficiency.
Association between parents’ and children’ implicit and explicit attitudes towards physical activity and sedentary behaviors
Authors: Escriva-Boulley Géraldine , Boiché Julie 
Published: August 2022

Purpose. The present study aimed to explore the associations between parents’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SED) and their explicit and implicit attitudes towards these behaviors and their children’s PA and SED, and attitudes. Children’s and parents’ age and gender were taken into account.
Method. One hundred and seven dyads composed of one parent (Mage = 42.9 years) and her/his child (Mage = 11.6 years) completed questionnaires assessing behaviors and explicit attitudes towards PA and SED. Implicit attitudes were evaluated with an Implicit Association Test.
Results. Parents’ PA was positively correlated with their children’s PA. No significant correlation was noted for SED, implicit and explicit attitudes. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that children’s explicit attitudes towards PA were negatively associated with parents’ SED. Except for an unexpected result (i.e., children’s implicit attitudes were positively associated with parents’ explicit attitudes towards PA), no other association was found.
Conclusion(s). This study is the first to investigate the association between parents’ and their children’s implicit and explicit attitudes towards PA and SED. The results indicate that focusing on the increase of PA, on the decrease of SED and the development of positive attitudes towards PA in both children and parents could be an interesting mean to promote PA in interventions aiming to improve families’ health.
Verständnis, Prävention und Behandlung von venösen und lymphatischen Erkrankungen basieren auf der Arbeit von Grundlagenforschern
Authors: Diaz José Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zweck Die Rolle der Grundlagenforschung in allen Bereichen der Medizin war, ist und wird auch immer kritisch sein. Die Grundlagenforschung leistet einen Beitrag zu Wissen und Fortschritt. In der Phlebologie ist es nicht anders. Das Manuskript beschreibt die neuesten Errungenschaften der Grundlagenforschung zum Thema Phlebologie.
Methode Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet Publikationen mit dem Thema Grundlagenforschung in der Phlebologie aufgrund einer PubMed-Suche. Die gefundenen Artikel sowie die verschiedenen Schritte, die für Grundlagenforschung angewendet werden, werden diskutiert. Die Relevanz dieser Arbeiten in Bezug auf die tägliche Arbeit in der Phlebologie wird beleuchtet, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Veränderungen der Venenklappen, der Venenwand und den darauffolgenden Störungen des Blutstroms.
Ergebnisse Veränderte Venenwände bei Varizen sind das Ergebnis eines Umbauprozesses aufgrund von Veränderungen der Venenwand auf Zellebene sowie im Interstitium. An diesem Prozess sind glatte Muskelzellen beteiligt. Ferner wurde eine Transformation vom kontraktilen zum sekretorischen Phänotyp beschrieben. In diesem Umbaustadium sind Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMP) aktiv beteiligt. Sie tragen zur beobachteten endgültigen Veränderung der Venenwand bei Varizen bei. Die Eigenschaften des Blutstroms und die Funktion der Venenklappen haben sich als zusammenhängendes System erwiesen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die wissenschaftliche Methode ist der Grundpfeiler der Grundlagenforschung. Varizen entstehen durch einen veränderten Blutstrom und einen Umbau der Venenwand.
Induction of Labor at Term with Oral Misoprostol or as a Vaginal Insert and Dinoprostone Vaginal Insert – A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Beyer Jana , Jäger Yvonne , Balci Derya , Kolb Gelia , Weschenfelder Friederike , Seeger Sven , Schlembach Dietmar , Abou-Dakn Michael , Schleußner Ekkehard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction The efficacy, safety, and perinatal outcome of oral misoprostol (OM), a misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI), and a dinoprostone vaginal insert (DVI) for induction of labor
at term was examined in a prospective multicenter cohort study (ethics committee vote 4154–07/14). The primary aims of the study were the induction-birth interval (IBI), the cumulative
delivery rates after 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h as well as the mode of delivery.
Method 322 pregnant women were included in four German tertiary perinatal centers (MVI 110, DVI 64, OM 148). They did not vary in age or BMI. Statistical analysis was carried out
using a multivariate linear regression analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.
Results With regards to the median IBI, MVI and OM were equally effective and superior to the DVI (MVI 823 min [202, 5587]; DVI 1226 min [209, 4909]; OM 847 min [105, 5201];
p = 0.006). Within 24 hours, 64% were able to deliver with DVI, 85.5% with MVI and 87.5% with OM (p < 0.01). The rates of secondary Caesarean sections (MVI 24.5%; DVI 26.6%; OM 18.9%) did
not differ significantly. Uterine tachysystole was found in 20% with MVI, 4.7% with DVI and 1.4% with OM (p < 0.001). A uterine rupture did not occur in any of the cases. Perinatal
acidosis occurred (umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10) in 8.3% with MVI, 4.7 with DVI and 1% with OM (p = 0.32). Neonatal condition was only impaired in three cases (5-minute Apgar score
< 5).
Summary Induction of labor at term using the prostaglandins misoprostol and dinoprostone is an effective intervention that is safe for the mother and child. Oral application of
misoprostol demonstrated the highest efficacy while maintaining a favorable safety profile.