bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Structure of Anterograde Intraflagellar transport trains
Authors: Lacey Samuel E. , Foster Helen E. , Pigino Gaia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnterograde intraflagellar transport trains are essential for cilia assembly and maintenance. These trains are formed of 22 IFTA and IFTB proteins that link structural and signalling cargoes to microtubule motors for import into cilia. It remains unknown how the IFTA/B proteins are arranged into complexes and how these complexes polymerise into functional trains. Here, we usein situcryo-electron tomography and Alphafold2 protein structure predictions to generate the first molecular model of the entire anterograde train. We show how the conformation of both IFTA and IFTB is dependent on lateral interactions with neighbouring repeats, suggesting that polymerization is required to cooperatively stabilize the complexes. The retrograde dynein motor binding site is a composite surface involving multiple IFTB repeats, ensuring that dynein can only form a strong interaction with IFTB upon train assembly. Finally, we reveal how IFTB extends two flexible tethers to maintain a connection with IFTA that can withstand the mechanical stresses present in actively beating cilia. Overall, our findings provide a framework for understanding the fundamental processes that are involved in cilia assembly.
Quantifying the contribution of subject and group factors in brain activation
Authors: Nakuci Johan , Yeon Jiwon , Xue Kai , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Sung-Phil , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch in neuroscience often assumes universal neural mechanisms, but increasing evidence points towards sizeable individual differences in brain activations. What remains unclear is the extent of the idiosyncrasy and whether different types of analyses are associated with different levels of idiosyncrasy. Here we develop a new method for addressing these questions. The method consists of computing the within-subject reliability and subject-to-group similarity of brain activations and submitting these values to a computational model that quantifies the relative strength of group- and subject-level factors. We apply this method to a perceptual decision-making task (N=50) and find that activations related to task, reaction time (RT), and confidence are influenced equally strongly by group- and subject-level factors. Both group- and subject-level factors are dwarfed by a noise factor, though higher levels of smoothing increases their contributions relative to noise. Overall, our method allows for the quantification of group- and subject-level factors of brain activations and thus provides a more detailed understanding of the idiosyncrasy levels in brain activations.
Estimating temporally variable selection intensity from ancient DNA data
Authors: He Zhangyi , Dai Xiaoyang , Lyu Wenyang , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNovel technologies for recovering DNA information from archaeological and historical specimens have made available an ever-increasing amount of temporally spaced genetic samples from natural populations. These genetic time series permit the direct assessment of patterns of temporal changes in allele frequencies, and hold the promise of improving power for the inference of selection. Increased time resolution can further facilitate testing hypotheses regarding the drivers of past selection events such as the incidence of plant and animal domestication. However, studying past selection processes through ancient DNA (aDNA) still involves considerable obstacles such as postmortem damage, high fragmentation, low coverage and small samples. To circumvent these challenges, we introduce a novel Bayesian framework for the inference of temporally variable selection based on genotype likelihoods instead of allele frequencies, thereby enabling us to model sample uncertainties resulting from the damage and fragmentation of aDNA molecules. Also, our approach permits the reconstruction of the underlying allele frequency trajectories of the population through time, which allows for a better understanding of the drivers of selection. We evaluate its performance through extensive simulations and demonstrate its utility with an application to the ancient horse samples genotyped at the loci for coat colouration. Our results reveal that incorporating sample uncertainties can further improve the inference of selection.
Diversity, distribution, and expression of opsin genes in freshwater lakes
Authors: He Shaomei , Linz Alexandra M. , Stevens Sarah L.R. , Tran Patricia Q. , Moya-Flores Francisco , Oyserman Ben O. , Dwulit-Smith Jeffrey R. , Forest Katrina T. , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMicrobial rhodopsins are widely distributed in aquatic environments and may significantly contribute to phototrophy and energy budgets in global oceans. However, the study of freshwater rhodopsins has been largely limited. Here, we explored the diversity, ecological distribution, and expression of opsin genes that encode the apoproteins of Type I rhodopsins in humic and clearwater lakes with contrasting physicochemical and optical characteristics. Using metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes, we recovered opsin genes from a wide range of taxa, mostly predicted to encode green light-absorbing proton pumps. Viral opsin and novel bacterial opsin clades were recovered. Opsin genes occurred more frequently in taxa from clearwater than from humic water, and opsins in some taxa have non-typical ion-pumping motifs that might be associated with physicochemical conditions of these two freshwater types. Analyses of the surface layer of 33 freshwater systems revealed an inverse correlation between opsin gene abundance and lake dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In humic water with high terrestrial DOC and light-absorbing humic substances, opsin gene abundance was low and dramatically declined within the first few meters, whereas the abundance remained relatively high along the bulk water column in clearwater lakes with low DOC, suggesting opsin gene distribution is influenced by lake optical properties and DOC. Gene expression analysis confirmed the significance of rhodopsin-based phototrophy in clearwater lakes and revealed different diel expressional patterns among major phyla. Overall, our analyses revealed freshwater opsin diversity, distribution and expression patterns, and suggested the significance of rhodopsin-based phototrophy in freshwater energy budgets, especially in clearwater lakes.
Mouse-embryo model derived exclusively from embryonic stem cells undergo neurulation and heart development
Authors: Lau Kasey Y.C. , Rubinstein Hernan , Gantner Carlos W. , Amadei Gianluca , Stelzer Yonatan , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral in vitro models have been developed to recapitulate mouse embryogenesis solely from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Despite mimicking many aspects of early development, they fail to capture the interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed a mouse ESC-based in vitro model that reconstitutes the pluripotent ESC lineage and the two extra-embryonic lineages of the post-implantation embryo by transcription factor-mediated induction. This unified model recapitulates developmental events from embryonic day 5.5 to 8.5, including gastrulation, and formation of the anterior-posterior axis, brain, a beating heart structure, and the development of extraembryonic tissues, including yolk sac and chorion. Comparing single-cell RNA sequencing from individual structures with time-matched natural embryos identified remarkably similar transcriptional programs across lineages, but also showed when and where the model diverges from the natural program. Our findings demonstrate an extra-ordinary plasticity of ESCs to self-organize and generate a whole embryo-like structure.
Single cell transcriptomics uncovers a non-autonomous Tbx1-dependent genetic program controlling cardiac neural crest cell deployment and progression
Authors: De Bono Christopher , Liu Yang , Ferrena Alexander , Valentine Aneesa , Zheng Deyou , Morrow Bernice E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we utilized single-cell RNA-sequencing of NCCs from the pharyngeal apparatus with heart in control mouse embryos and when Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is inactivated. We uncovered three dynamic transitions of pharyngeal NCCs expressing Tbx2 and Tbx3 through differentiated CNCCs expressing cardiac transcription factors with smooth muscle genes, and that these transitions are altered non-autonomously by loss of Tbx1. Further, inactivation of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in early CNCCs resulted in aortic arch branching defects due to failed smooth muscle differentiation. Loss of Tbx1 interrupted mesoderm to CNCC cell-cell communication with upregulation of BMP signaling with reduced MAPK signaling and failed dynamic transitions of CNCCs leading to disruption of aortic arch artery formation and cardiac outflow tract septation.
Promoting inclusivity and acceptance of diverse sexual and gender identities in schools: a Rapid Realist Review of universal interventions to improve mental health
Authors: Schlief Merle , Stefanidou Theodora , Wright Talen , Levy Grace , Pitman Alexandra , Lewis Gemma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority and trans young people are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, self-harm and suicidality than their heterosexual or cisgender peers. Improving inclusivity and acceptance of diverse sexual and gender identities, through universal interventions in schools, could prevent these mental health problems. We reviewed evidence, and developed a conceptual framework, to explain which universal interventions work, for whom, in which contexts, and why.MethodsWe conducted a Rapid Realist Review, with a systematic search of published, peer-reviewed and grey literature. We included reports from a call for evidence and website searches. Data were extracted in Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations. CMOs were developed and refined through discussions with experts by lived experience including young people, teachers, school governors and policy representativesFindingsWe included 53 studies, and classified interventions into five themes: Gay-Straight Alliances or similar student clubs (e.g. pride clubs), inclusive anti-bullying and harassment policies, inclusive curricula, workshops, and staff training. These interventions have the potential to reduce mental health problems among sexual minority and trans young people by reducing discrimination, bullying and feelings of unsafety, exclusion and marginalisation. The interventions appear to work best when teaching staff and school leaders are properly trained, and the school climate and community are supportive. Interventions may be less effective for boys and trans and bisexual students.InterpretationOur findings provide guiding principles for schools to develop interventions to improve the mental health of sexual minority and trans students. These findings should encourage primary research to confirm, refute or refine our programme theories.
Structural variable validation of an Online Learning Response Behavior (OLRB) instrument: A comparison analysis of three extraction methods of Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Azman Ong Mohd Hanafi , Mohd Yasin Norazlina , Ibrahim Nur Syafikah 
Published: August 2022

PurposeMeasuring internal response of online learning is seen as fundamental to absorptive capacity which stimulates knowledge assimilation. However, the evaluation of practice and research of validated instruments that could effectively measure online learning response behavior is limited. Thus, in this study, a new instrument was designed based on literature to determine the structural variables that exist in the online learning response behavior.Design/methodology/approachA structured survey was designed and distributed to 410 Malaysian students enrolled in higher-education institutions. The questionnaire has 38 items, all of which were scored using a seven-point likert scale. To begin with, exploratory factor analysis with three types of extraction methods (i.e. principal component, principal axis factoring and maximum likelihood) was used as the method for comparing the outcomes of each extraction method's grouping variables by constantly using a varimax rotation method. In the second phase, reliability analysis was performed to determine the reliability level of the grouping variables, and finally, correlation analysis was performed to determine the discriminant nomological validity of the grouping variables.FindingsThe findings revealed that nine grouping variables were retrieved, with all items having a good value of factor loading and communalities, as well as an adequate degree of reliability. These extracted variables have good discriminant and nomological validity, as evidenced by correlation analysis, which confirmed that the directions of relationships among the extracted dimensions follow the expected theory (i.e. positive direction) and the correlation coefficient is less than 0.70.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes a comprehensive set of questionnaires that measure the student's online learning response behavior. These questionnaires have been developed on the basis of an extensive literature review and have undergone a rigorous process of validity and reliability for the purpose of enhancing students' online learning response behavior.Originality/valueThis study's findings will aid academic practitioners in assessing the online learning response behavior of students, as well as enhancing the questionnaire's boost factor when administered in an online learning environment.
Exploring the income, savings and debt levels of autistic adults living in Australia
Authors: Cai Ru Ying , Gallagher Emma , Haas Kaaren , Love Abigail , Gibbs Vicki 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Many autistic adults experience unemployment, which may impact their financial circumstances. However, no research has examined their personal financial circumstances. Therefore, this study aims to examine the self-reported income, savings and debt of autistic adults living in Australia, as well as the demographic associates and predictors of income and savings.

Design/methodology/approach
Sixty-four autistic adults aged 18–67 years (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 11.36) completed an online survey containing questions relating to their financial circumstances and the autism spectrum quotient-short.

Findings
Overall, the authors found that many autistic adults are financially disadvantaged. The mode of income levels was below AU$25,000, which is substantially lower than the mean annual Australian full-time income of AU$89,123. Higher savings was associated with not having any debt or having a greater ability to repay debt. Autism traits were positively associated with income levels. As predicted, being employed was associated with and predicted higher income. People who were employed were four times more likely to have a higher income than unemployed individuals. The authors did not find a relationship between having a co-occurring mental condition with income or savings. The authors also did not find a significant association between employment status and savings.

Practical implications
These research findings have implications on how we can improve the financial circumstances of autistic adults and provide additional evidence for the importance of increasing employment opportunities for autistic individuals.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the personal financial circumstances of autistic adults.
The proxy of Dorian Gray: scientific realism, construct validation and the way forward
Authors: Rigdon Edward 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify some of the representations regarding philosophy of science and statistical methods, which are contained in Cadogan and Lee (this issue).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses logical argument and a review of literature.

Findings
Rigdon’s (2012) approach to construct validation is entirely consistent with scientific realism, while the “realist variable framework” revives the empiricist reification of common factors found in Bagozzi’s (1984) Holistic Construal and throughout the early literature of structural equation modeling. Factor indeterminacy is a phenomenon that makes it impossible to equate common factors with conceptual variables. The future of marketing measurement is not in the historical error-centric framework but in a measurement framework centered around uncertainty.

Research limitations/implications
Researchers should avoid reification of common factors and recognize the validity gap between conceptual variables and empirical proxies, consistent with Rigdon (2012) and should move toward an uncertainty-centric approach to measurement.

Practical implications
Decision-makers need to acknowledge the difference between data and the underlying reality. Success or failure will be shaped by the reality, not by the data.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper seeking to clarify representations in Cadogan and Lee (this issue). This paper aims to save journal readers from being misled.
When and how information and communication technology orientation affects salespeople’s role stress: the interplay of salesperson characteristics and environmental complexity
Authors: Kramer Victoria , Krafft Manfred 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
As empirical insights into when salespeople should integrate information and communication technology (ICT) into their sales tasks are limited, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of salespeople’s ICT orientation on role stress by considering the interplay of individual salesperson characteristics and the complexity of the selling environment, differentiating between customer and supplier complexity.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop an empirical framework based on the Job Demands-Resources model and previous research in the area of technology in sales. They test their hypotheses by means of a survey of 255 business-to-business salespeople which is analyzed using ordinary least squares regressions.

Findings
The results of this study show that ICT orientation generally helps salespeople to reduce role ambiguity. However, the benefits salespeople derive from ICT orientation to reduce role conflict depend on an interplay of both their job tenure and the average relationship duration with customers as well as the complexity of the selling environment.

Originality/value
This study contributes to research on the impact of technology use on salespeople by enhancing the understanding of contexts that make ICT valuable for them. In particular, the findings of this study demonstrate that the impact of ICT orientation on salespeople’s role stress depends on an interplay of individual salesperson characteristics, that is, resources, and environmental complexity characteristics, that is, demands.
Corporate governance and capital structure in Latin America: empirical evidence
Authors: Borges Júnior Dermeval Martins 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the capital structure of Latin American firms.Design/methodology/approachThe sample included companies from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The authors collected data from 201 non-financial companies between 2009 and 2018, totalizing 1,716 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression models with panel data.FindingsThe main results indicated that chief executive officer duality, legal protection system and corporate social responsibility voluntary disclosure impact the firm's total debt ratio, corresponding to a positive effect for the first two variables and a negative for the last.Originality/valueThis study advances in two main ways. Firstly, due to the broad approach in which the authors addressed corporate governance, involving board composition, ownership structure, minority shareholders legal protection system and information disclosure. Secondly, by presenting empirical evidence about the effects of corporate governance on capital structure from an extensive sample of Latin American firms, the authors expect to contribute to the international debate on the capital structure due to the unique characteristics of Latin America in this regard.
The role of coworking spaces in the changing landscape of future workplace agility: linking boundary organization theory and organizational development models
Authors: Yang Eunhwa , Sanborn Bonnie Eaton , Zhou Yaoyi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to illustrate the potential of coworking spaces as one way to achieve optimal workplace arrangements and corporate real estate (CRE) agility, especially for large organizations. The authors suggest understanding coworking spaces from the boundary organization theory and organizational growth model.

Design/methodology/approach
This study takes a threefold theoretical approach: conducting a literature review and identifying the gaps in coworking studies for large organizations, applying the organizational boundary theory in tandem with organizational growth models in the context of coworking spaces as a part of the workplace ecology and identifying future research agendas for coworking studies.

Findings
This study proposes a conceptual framework of how coworking spaces can be viewed and used as a boundary object throughout the organizational growth phases. Besides, four major future research areas are proposed: case studies and/or empirical evidence of coworking spaces as CRE buffer zones and boundary objects for organizations, coworking space design and different formats of boundary object-infused collaboration, coworking space design and management for its own agility and flexibility and how coworking affects employees’ performance, health and well-being and professional training/mentoring.

Practical implications
For large organizations, there is a clear pressure to rethink CRE to increase workplace agility, flexibility and resilience, much accelerated with the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the effective use of coworking spaces as a part of CRE portfolios will help enhance corporates’ state and ability to reassess, realign and replan their CRE portfolios.

Originality/value
Many existing studies about coworking spaces are based on observations and self-reported justification at an individual level. Whether and how coworking can benefit companies at an organizational level is largely unstudied and worth more attention. This study illustrates a new theoretical understanding of how coworking spaces can be a part of CRE portfolios and bring potential benefits of inter and intraorganizational collaboration throughout the phases of organizational growth.