bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How companies can prepare for the coming “AI-first” world
Authors: Davenport Thomas H. , Mittal Nitin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The authors’ research identified seven best practices of leading companies with a particularly aggressive “All-in-on-AI” approach to Artificial Intelligence technology. 10;

Design/Methodology/Approach
The article examines how successful companies are reskilling and upskilling their employees to help develop, interpret and improve AI systems.

Findings
To date, AI technologies are most commonly applied in making business processes more efficient, improving decisions and enhancing existing products and services, but “All-in-on-AI” companies eventually develop use cases across a wide variety of functions and processes, decisions and products or services.

Practical/Implications
While many have predicted that AI would replace humans, AI-powered companies see the primary goal as discovering how to get the best out of both by redesigning jobs, reskilling workers and becoming more efficient and effective in the process.

Originality Value
Companies seeking to get significant returns on their investment in AI should take note of the practices of leading firms.
Thermophilic archaeon orchestrates temporal expression of GDGT ring synthases in response to temperature and acidity stress
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Huahui , Chen Yufei , Chen Aiping , Feng Xi , Zhao Bo , Zheng Fengfeng , Fang Hongwei , Zhang Changyi , Zeng Zhirui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are unique archaeal membrane‐spanning lipids with 0–8 cyclopentane rings on the biphytanyl chains. The cyclization pattern of GDGTs is affected by many environmental factors, such as temperature and pH, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that the expression regulation of GDGT ring synthase genes grsA and grsB in thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is temperature‐ and pH‐dependent. Moreover, the presence of functional GrsA protein, or more likely its products cyclic GDGTs rather than the accumulation of GrsA protein itself, is required to induce grsB expression, resulting in temporal regulation of grsA and grsB expression. Our findings establish a molecular model of GDGT cyclization regulated by environment factors in a thermophilic ecosystem, which could be also relevant to that in mesophilic marine archaea. Our study will help better understand the biological basis for GDGT‐based paleoclimate proxies. Archaea inhabit a wide range of terrestrial and marine environments. In response to environment fluctuations, archaea modulate their unique membrane GDGTs lipid composition with different strategies, in particular GDGTs cyclization significantly alters membrane permeability. However, the regulation details of archaeal GDGTs cyclization in response to different environmental factor changes remain unknown. We demonstrated, for the first time, thermophilic archaea orchestrate the temporal expression of GDGT ring synthases, leading to delicate control of GDGTs cyclization to respond environmental temperature and acidity stress. Our study provides insight into the regulation of archaea membrane plasticity, and the survival strategy of archaea in fluctuating environments.
Using machine‐learning algorithms to improve imputation in the medical expenditure panel survey
Authors: McClellan Chandler , Mitchell Emily , Anderson Jerrod , Zuvekas Samuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of applying machine learning (ML) methods to imputation in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).Data SourcesAll data come from the 2016–2017 MEPS.Study DesignCurrently, expenditures for medical encounters in the MEPS are imputed with a predictive mean matching (PMM) algorithm in which a linear regression model is used to predict expenditures for events with (donors) and without (recipients) data. Recipient events and donor events are then matched based on the smallest distance between predicted expenditures, and the donor event's expenditures are used as the recipient event's imputation. We replace linear regression algorithm in the PMM framework with ML methods to predict expenditures. We examine five alternatives to linear regression: Gradient Boosting, Random Forests, Extreme Random Forests, Deep Neural Networks, and a Stacked Ensemble approach. Additionally, we introduce an alternative matching scheme, which matches on a vector of predicted expenditures by sources of payment instead of a single total expenditure prediction to generate potentially superior matches.Data CollectionStudy data is derived from a large federal survey.Principal FindingsML algorithms perform better at both prediction and matching imputation than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the most common prediction algorithm used in PMM. On average, the Stacked Ensemble approach that combines all the ML algorithms performs best, improving expenditure prediction R2by 108% (0.156 points) and final imputation R2by 227% (0.397 points). Matching on a prediction vector also improves alignment of sources of payments between donor and recipient events.ConclusionsML algorithms and an alternative matching scheme improve the overall quality of expenditure PMM imputation in the MEPS. These methods may have additional value in other national surveys that currently rely on PMM or similar methods for imputation.
Exosomal miR‐532‐5p induced by long‐term exercise rescues blood–brain barrier function in 5XFAD mice via downregulation of EPHA4
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , Fa Wenxin , Wang Nan , Peng Yuanming , Liu Cuicui , Zhu Min , Tian Na , Wang Yongxiang , Han Xiaolei , Qiu Chengxuan , Hou Tingting , Du Yifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, which develops early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributes to cognitive impairment. Exercise not only reduces the risk factors for AD but also confers direct protection against cognitive decline. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive, particularly whether exercise can liberate the function of the blood–brain barrier. Here, we demonstrate that long‐term exercise promotes the clearance of brain amyloid‐β by improving the function of the blood–brain barrier in 5XFAD mice. Significantly, treating primary brain pericytes or endothelial cells with exosomes isolated from the brain of exercised 5XFAD mice improves cell proliferation and upregulates PDGFRβ, ZO‐1, and claudin‐5. Moreover, exosomes isolated from exercised mice exhibit significant changes in miR‐532‐5p. Administration or transfection of miR‐532‐5p to sedentary mice or primary brain pericytes and endothelial cells reproduces the improvement of blood–brain barrier function. Exosomal miR‐532‐5p targets EPHA4, and accordingly, expression of EphA4 is decreased in exercised mice and miR‐532‐5p overexpressed mice. A specific siRNA targeting EPHA4 recapitulates the effects on blood–brain barrier‐associated cells observed in exercised 5XFAD mice. Overall, our findings suggest that exosomes released by the brain contain a specific miRNA that is altered by exercise and has an impact on blood–brain barrier function in AD.
The N6‐methyladenosine RNA landscape in the aged mouse hippocampus
Authors: Huang He , Song Renhua , Wong Justin J.‐L. , Anggono Victor , Widagdo Jocelyn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aged brain is associated with an inevitable decline in cognitive function and increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple molecular hallmarks have been associated with the aging nervous system through transcriptomics and proteomic studies. Recently, epitranscriptomic analysis has highlighted the role of RNA chemical modification in various biological processes. In particular, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, has been functionally linked to multiple aspects of RNA metabolism with the roles of m6A in processes such as learning and memory, leading to our current investigation of how the m6A‐transcriptomic landscape is shaped during aging. Using the inbred C57BL/6 line, we compared the m6A‐transcriptomic profiles from the hippocampi of young (3‐month‐old) and aged (20‐month‐old) mice. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)‐sequencing analysis revealed hyper‐ and hypomethylation in 426 and 102 genes, respectively, in the aged hippocampus (fold change >1.5, false discovery rate <0.05). By correlating the methylation changes to their steady‐state transcript levels in the RNA‐Seq data, we found a significant concordance between m6A and transcript levels in both directions. Notably, the myelin regulator gene Gpr17 was downregulated in the aged hippocampus concomitant with reduced m6A levels in its 3'UTR. Using reporter constructs and mutagenesis analysis, we demonstrated that the putative m6A sites in the 3'UTR of Gpr17 are important for mRNA translation but not for regulating transcript stability. Overall, the positive correlation between m6A and the transcript expression levels indicates a co‐transcriptional regulation of m6A with gene expression changes that occur in the aged mouse hippocampus.
Timing the factor zoo via deep learning: Evidence from China
Authors: Ma Tian , Liao Cunfei , Jiang Fuwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a factor timing strategy with information from 146 characteristic‐based factors and a deep learning approach to capture the nonlinear predictability. The deep learning‐based factor timing strategy generates the highest economic value compared with the unconditional and alternative linear machine learning‐based portfolios and remains robust after controlling for traditional factor models and transaction costs. With the unique market structure of the Chinese stock market, we find that mispricing‐based theory helps explain the factor timing via deep learning.
Landscape features affect caiman body condition in the middle Araguaia River floodplain
Authors: Pereira A. C. , Colli G. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLandscape modifications often undermine habitat suitability for species’ persistence, with initial effects observed through the physiological responses of individuals and populations. However, some landscape features can allow tolerant wildlife species to persist in human‐modified landscapes, but they are still overlooked. Across distinct agricultural landscapes, we assessed landscape features affecting the body condition (estimate through scaled mass index ‐ SMI) of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in human‐modified landscapes of the Araguaia floodplain, central Brazil. We used a spatial Bayesian model averaging approach to determine the effects of landscape attributes, ectoparasites, tail damage and severe body injuries on caiman body condition. We found that caimans had higher SMI in anthropogenic (ditches and artificial ponds) than natural habitats (lakes or rivers). Overall, caiman SMI was negatively associated with wetland cohesion (an aggregation and connectivity metric). Otherwise, landscape composition did not influence caiman SMI. Further, ectoparasites and body injuries did not affect SMI, whereas tail damage negatively affected SMI. Our findings underscore that caiman populations can adapt to artificial wetlands and irrigated rice fields, provided they incorporate natural and semi‐natural habitat patches that enhance environmental heterogeneity, prey availability, and waterbody availability and connectivity.
Social genetic effects for drug use disorder among spouses
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E. , Larsson Lönn Sara , Sundquist Jan , Kendler Kenneth S. , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsPreclinical and human studies suggest that a social partner's genotype may be associated with addiction‐related outcomes. This study measured whether spousal genetic makeup is associated with risk of developing drug use disorder (DUD) during marriage and whether the risk associated with a spouse's genotype could be disentangled from potentially confounding rearing environmental effects.DesignUnivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.SettingSweden.ParticipantsMen and women born between 1960 and 1990 and in opposite‐sex first marriages before age 35 (n = 294 748 couples).MeasurementsOutcome was DUD diagnosis (inclusive of opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamine and other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, other drugs of abuse and combinations thereof) obtained from legal, medical and pharmacy registries. The focal predictor was family genetic risk scores for DUD (FGRS‐DUD), which were inferred from diagnoses in first‐ through fifth‐degree relatives and weighted by degree of genetic sharing. FGRS‐DUD were calculated separately for each partner in a couple.FindingsMarriage to a spouse with a high FGRS‐DUD was associated with increased risk of developing DUD during marriage, ORmales = 1.68 (95% CI = 1.50, 1.88) and ORfemales = 1.35 (1.16, 1.56), above and beyond the risk associated with one's own FGRS‐DUD. The risk associated with a spouse's FGRS‐DUD remained statistically significant after covarying for parental education. As indicated by a series of null interaction effects, there was no evidence that the risk associated with a spouse's FGRS‐DUD differed depending on whether the spouse was DUD‐affected, probands' probable contact with in‐laws and whether the spouse was raised by his/her biological parents or in another home.ConclusionsThere is relatively robust evidence that a person's risk for developing drug use disorder is associated with the genetic makeup of the person's spouse.
Satisfied versus dissatisfied: Experiences of retirement village living
Authors: Ferguson Graham , 't Hart Brian , Shabnam Saadia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to understand and distinguish between satisfied and dissatisfied older people, through a comparison of their lived experience within a retirement village.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative research design was utilized to identify and describe consumer experiences of lifestyle living and how that experience translates to positive or negative satisfaction. The net promoter score (NPS) was employed to identify highly satisfied (Promoters) and highly dissatisfied (Detractors) people.ResultsSixty‐two interviews in retirement lifestyle villages were analysed, including satisfied (n = 33) and dissatisfied (n = 29) consumers of the service. Results reveal that satisfied people: (1) feel grateful for a service that exceeds their purchase expectations; (2) feel connected to others inside or (3) outside the lifestyle village; (4) feel ‘heard’ by the service provider; and (5) feel that they have retained their independence. Dissatisfied people describe: (1) broken promises, specifically those made at the time of purchase; (2) not feeling ‘connected’ to others inside the village; (3) feeling unheard or ignored by the service provider; and (4) the service not meeting their needs.ConclusionsRevealing these detailed insights clarified the nuanced, hazy and often ambiguous differences between dissatisfied and satisfied people. It also provided insights into the high priority needs, expectations and choices of people as they transition into and through older age. The research should help industry, government and society in general to provide products and services that fit into this lived experience and better meet the changing needs of older people.
Is the increasing prevalence of labor induction accompanied by changes in pregnancy outcomes? An observational study of all singleton births at gestational weeks 37–42 in Norway during 1999–2019
Authors: Haavaldsen Camilla , Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Eskild Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionInduction of labor is often performed to prevent adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, and has become increasingly common. We studied whether changes in prevalence of labor induction in gestational weeks 37–42 weeks were accompanied by changes in adverse pregnancy outcomes or mode of delivery.Material and methodsWe used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and included all singleton births in gestational weeks 37–42 in Norway, 1999–2019 (n = 1 127 945). We calculated the prevalence of labor induction and outcome measures according to year of birth. We repeated these calculations for each gestational week at birth.ResultsThe prevalence of labor induction increased from 9.7% to 25.9%, and the increase was particularly high in gestational week 41. A modest decline in fetal deaths was observed in all gestational weeks, except gestational week 41. The overall decline was from 0.18% in 1999–2004 to 0.13% during 2015–2019. There were no overall changes in other perinatal outcomes. The prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage ≥500 ml increased from 11.4% in 1999 to 30.1% in 2019, and operative deliveries increased slightly. The prevalence of acute cesarean section increased from 6.5% to 9.3%, whereas vacuum and/or forceps assisted deliveries increased from 7.8% to 10.4%.ConclusionsA high increase in labor inductions was accompanied by a modest decline in fetal deaths, but no decline in other adverse perinatal outcomes. In settings where the prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes is low, the beneficial effect of increased use of labor induction may not outweigh the side effects or the costs.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID‐19 presenting as cervical inflammation
Authors: Brooks Rebecca , Fisher Ron , Glicksman Charlotte , Pollak Uri , Simanovsky Natalia , Berkun Yackov 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe major clinical manifestations multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) are fever, gastrointestinal and cardiac. The aim of this study was to describe MIS‐C in a series of patients who presented primarily with cervical manifestations.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization MIS‐C diagnostic criteria treated at Hadassah‐Hebrew University Medical Center between April 2020 and September 2021.ResultsOf 37 children diagnosed with MIS‐C (median age: 10.2 years, range 1.5–18 years, 20 male) five, 13.5% (median age: 14.4 years, range 9.2–17.5 years) presented with cervical symptoms mimicking neck infections. One was hospitalised with a working diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess, and four with acute cervical lymphadenitis that did not respond to early antibiotic treatment. All developed full MIS‐C phenotype.ConclusionMIS‐C may present as cervical inflammation. An ill‐appearing child with symptoms and/or signs of cervical inflammation should be evaluated for clinical and laboratory features of MIS‐C, thereby facilitating prompt treatment of this potentially fatal disorder.
Meta‐analysis: The efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐TNF‐therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sethi Sonika , Dias Shiluka , Kumar Aditi , Blackwell Jonathan , Brookes Matthew J. , Segal Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryBackground and AimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients on anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy results in improved rates of clinical and endoscopic remission, surgery, corticosteroid‐free remission and hospitalisation.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE classic, PubMed, Cochrane central databases register of controlled trials and Cochrane Specialised Trials Register were searched between 01 Janurary 1946 and 08 April 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective and retrospective observational studies were included, comparing TDM to standard of care (SOC) or reactive vs proactive TDM. Results were reported as pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsTwenty‐six studies, including 9 RCTs, were included. Compared to SOC, proactive TDM was associated with a significantly decreased risk of treatment failure (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.85 p<0.01), and a non‐significant decrease in need for surgery (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.25–1.02) and hospitalisation (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40–1.00). Furthermore compared to SOC, Proactive TDM was associated with higher rates of endoscopic remission (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.93–1.53) and clinical remission (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.18). Compared to reactive TDM, proactive TDM was associated with significant decreased risk of treatment failure (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21 = 0.98, p = 0.04) and significant reduction in hospitalisation (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.54, p < 0.01).ConclusionsCompared to SOC, proactive TDM was associated with significant benefit in reducing treatment failure. Compared to reactive TDM, proactive TDM led to a significant reduction in hospitalisation and treatment failure. More studies with larger RCTs and standardised assays are needed to substantiate these results and validate the cost‐effectiveness of TDM.
Population pharmacokinetics of nadroparin for thromboprophylaxis in COVID‐19 intensive care unit patients
Authors: Romano Lorenzo G. R. , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , Endeman Henrik , Preijers Tim 
Published: December 2022

AimsNadroparin is administered to COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients as thromboprophylaxis. Despite existing population pharmacokinetic (PK) models for nadroparin in literature, the population PK of nadroparin in COVID‐19 ICU patients is unknown. Moreover, optimal dosing regimens achieving anti‐Xa target levels (0.3–0.7 IU/mL) are unknown. Therefore, a population PK analysis was conducted to investigate different dosing regimens of nadroparin in COVID‐19 ICU patients.MethodsAnti‐Xa levels (n = 280) from COVID‐19 ICU patients (n = 65) receiving twice daily (BID) 5700 IU of subcutaneous nadroparin were collected to perform a population PK analysis with NONMEM v7.4.1. Using Monte Carlo simulations (n = 1000), predefined dosing regimens were evaluated.ResultsA 1‐compartment model with an absorption compartment adequately described the measured anti‐Xa levels with interindividual variability estimated for clearance (CL). Inflammation parameters C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation allowed to explain the interindividual variability of CL. Moreover, CL was decreased in patients receiving corticosteroids (22.5%) and vasopressors (25.1%). Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that 5700 IU BID was the most optimal dosing regimen of the simulated regimens for achieving prespecified steady‐state t = 4 h anti‐Xa levels with 56.7% on target (0.3–0.7 IU/mL).ConclusionIn our study, clearance of nadroparin is associated with an increase in inflammation parameters, use of corticosteroids, vasopression and renal clearance in critically ill patients. Furthermore, of the simulated regimens, targeted anti‐Xa levels were most adequately achieved with a dosing regimen of 5700 IU BID. Future studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of found covariate relationships.