bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of infant vitamin B12supplementation on neurodevelopment: a follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in Nepal
Authors: Ulak Manjeswori , Kvestad Ingrid , Chandyo Ram Krishna , Ranjitkar Suman , Hysing Mari , Schwinger Catherine , Shrestha Merina , Basnet Sudha , Shrestha Laxman P. , Strand Tor A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe most critical period for brain development is before a child’s second birthday. Standardised tests measuring neurodevelopment are more reliable when administered after this period. Severe vitamin B12deficiency affects brain development and function. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 600 Nepalese infants (6–11 months at enrolment), we found no effect of 2 µg vitamin B12daily for a year on neurodevelopment. The primary objective of the current study was to measure the effect of the intervention on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ). We measured the effect on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition at age 30–35 months (n555). At age 42–47 months (n533), we used the WPPSI-IV and subtests from the Neuropsychological Assessment, 2nd edition (NEPSY-II). We also used the FSIQ to estimate subgroup specific effects. The mean (sd) WPPSI-IV FSIQ in the vitamin B12group was 84·4 (8·4) and 85·0 (8·6) in the placebo group (mean difference −0·5 (95 % CI -1·97, 0·94),P= 0·48). There were no effect of the vitamin B12on any of the other neurodevelopmental outcomes and no beneficial effect in any of the subgroups. In conclusion, providing 2 µg of vitamin B12for a year in infants at risk of vitamin B12deficiency does not improve preschool cognitive function.
‘Navigating’ the Value of Lived Experience in Support Work with Multiply Disadvantaged Adults
Authors: PARR SADIE 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article furthers understanding of the value of experiential knowledge for social policy and practice. It draws on new empirical material to critically explore the opportunities and challenges inherent in lived experience support work with multiply disadvantaged adults. Reflecting on the experiences of those delivering a ‘navigator’ service, particular attention is paid to an ambiguity around the ways in which experiential knowledge might generate more productive models of relationship-based work, the positioning of lived experience in relation to ‘expert’ ways of knowing as well as the potential risks that the navigator role poses to those employed in the position. The discussion is situated within a wider body of literature that helps us to understand these practical, ideological and political tensions within the wider context of neoliberal welfare reforms.
Does a school snack make a difference? An evaluation of the World Food Programme emergency school feeding programme in Lebanon among Lebanese and Syrian refugee children
Authors: Jamaluddine Zeina , Akik Chaza , Safadi Gloria , Abou Fakher Sara , El-Helou Nehmat , Moussa Soha , Anid Dominique , Ghattas Hala 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effects of providing a daily healthy school snack on children’s nutritional, social and educational outcomes and explore stakeholders’ perceptions of an emergency school feeding programme (SFP).Design:Convergence triangulation mixed-methods study design. Associations were examined between receiving the school feeding intervention and children’s outcomes using multivariable regression models. Quantitative data were complemented with interviews and focus group discussions with parents and staff.Setting:In vulnerable communities in Lebanon, the World Food Programme has implemented an emergency SFP targeting Lebanese (attending morning sessions) and Syrian refugee children (attending afternoon sessions) in public schools.Participants:Children from ten intervention schools (morning n 403; afternoon n 379) and ten matched control schools (morning n 399; afternoon n 401), as well as twenty-nine parents and twenty-two school staff members.Results:Diet diversity was higher in intervention schools as compared with control with a significantly higher consumption of dairy products, nuts and fruit in both sessions. Child-reported food insecurity experience was lower in children attending the afternoon session of intervention v. control schools. The SFP intervention was associated with higher school engagement and sense of school community in the morning session only. While the SFP was significantly associated with higher attendance for children in afternoon sessions only, it was significantly associated with school retention of children in both sessions.Conclusions:A daily healthy snack potentially acts as an incentive to improve children’s nutritional outcomes, school engagement, sense of belonging, equality between students and improvement in children’s attendance and retention in public schools.
Our place in the universe: Alexander Wendt and quantum mechanics
Authors: Kydd Andrew H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlexander Wendt claims that quantum physics explains deep mysteries about human consciousness and offers a radical new understanding of human behavior and social interaction. However, the claims rest on flawed interpretations of quantum theory, fringe literatures and metaphorical, almost mystical uses of quantum concepts and buzzwords. He fails to provide any account of human conflict, and defends an almost theological view of the importance of humanity in the universe that is incompatible with a scientific perspective.
Implementation of international humanitarian law: The work of Latin American international humanitarian law committees
Authors: Macias Betancourt Oscar G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRespect for international humanitarian law (IHL) in the battlefield is contingent on the measures undertaken in peacetime. Indeed, satisfactory compliance with IHL rests in the implementation of multiple measures at the domestic level crossing different spheres, including legislative, administrative and educational. In most latitudes, governments and other stakeholders coordinate these measures in what is known as National Committees for the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law. The article addresses the practice of these bodies in Latin America and provides alternatives to enhance their work.
A Physical Basis for the Overstatement of Low Clouds at Night by Conventional Satellite Infrared‐Based Imaging Radiometer Bi‐Spectral Techniques
Authors: Miller Steven D. , Noh Yoo‐Jeong , Grasso Lewis D. , Seaman Curtis J. , Ignatov Alexander , Heidinger Andrew K. , Nam SungHyun , Line William E. , Petrenko Boris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarine boundary layer (MBL) clouds, ubiquitous to the world’s oceans, help govern the radiative balance of Earth’s climate system. Satellite remote sensing provides the most practical means to monitor cloud worldwide. Whereas visible‐based detection of MBL clouds from environmental satellites is relatively straightforward during the daytime, the night presents challenges. In certain conditions, the conventional infrared (IR) methods used for nocturnal cloud detection, such as the commonly used 11–3.9 μm brightness temperature difference, offer poor thermal and spectral contrast between clouds and the clear‐sky background—resulting in missed clouds. A less explored question is to what extent these IR techniques overstate the cloud field. The Day/Night Band (DNB), a novel low‐light sensor carried on the Joint Polar Satellite System constellation, is helping to address this question. By way of its daytime‐analog moonlight reflectance cloud detection, the DNB reveals situations where IR‐based techniques yield false‐alarm low clouds. These problems occur in conditions of cool surface and a warm/moist lower atmosphere, prevalent in areas of coastal upwelling, tidal mixing, river estuaries, and along oceanic fronts and cyclonic eddies. We show how differential sensitivity to MBL moisture can trigger algorithmic thresholds for cloud detection. Presented here are examples illustrating the problem and an evaluation of our hypothesis against idealized radiative transfer simulations. We consider the implications of such artifacts, including climate data records of sea surface temperature which rely upon IR‐based nocturnal cloud masks. The results provide a framework for designing algorithmic improvements to nighttime MBL cloud detection.
DNAJB8 in small extracellular vesicles promotes Oxaliplatin resistance through TP53/MDR1 pathway in colon cancer
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Yi , Mao Rui , Zhang Yu , Wen Jun , Liu Qian , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Tongtong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemotherapy is one of the most frequently used therapies for the treatment of colon cancer (COAD). However, Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of COAD. Here, we investigated whether DNAJB8, a heat shock protein 40 (HSP40) family protein, could be used for the prognosis and therapy of L-OHP resistance in COAD. Treatment with small interfering RNA targeting DNAJB8 could restore the response to L-OHP in vitro and in vivo. On the mechanism, we demonstrated that DNAJB8 could interact with TP53 and inhibit the ubiquitination degradation of TP53, leading to MDR1 upregulation which promotes colon cancer L-OHP resistance. We found that small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-mediated transfer of DNAJB8 from L-OHP-resistant COAD cells to sensitive cells contributed to L-OHP resistance. A prognostic signature based on the DNAJB8 levels in both tissue and serum showed that COAD patients with high-risk scores exhibited significantly worse overall survival and disease-free survival than patients with low-risk scores. These results indicate that DNAJB8 levels in serum sEVs may serve as a biomarker for COAD. DNAJB8 from sEVs might be a promising therapeutic target for L-OHP resistance and a prognostic predictor of clinical response.
Electro-mechanically switchable hydrocarbons based on [8]annulenes
Authors: Tasić Magdalena , Ivković Jakov , Carlström Göran , Melcher Michaela , Bollella Paolo , Bendix Jesper , Gorton Lo , Persson Petter , Uhlig Jens , Strand Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPure hydrocarbons with shape and conjugation properties that can be switched by external stimuli is an intriguing prospect in the design of new responsive materials and single-molecule electronics. Here, we develop an oligomeric [8]annulene-based material that combines a remarkably efficient topological switching upon redox changes with structural simplicity, stability, and straightforward synthesis: 5,12-alkyne linked dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraenes (dbCOTs). Upon reduction, the structures accommodate a reversible reorganization from a pseudo-conjugated tub-shape to a conjugated aromatic system. This switching in oligomeric structures gives rise to multiple defined states that are deconvoluted by electrochemical, NMR, and optical methods. The combination of stable electromechanical responsivity and ability to relay electrons stepwise through an extended (pseudo-conjugated) π-system in partially reduced structures validate alkyne linked dbCOTs as a practical platform for developing new responsive materials and switches based on [8]annulene cores.
Recruitment of two Ndc80 complexes via the CENP-T pathway is sufficient for kinetochore functions
Authors: Takenoshita Yusuke , Hara Masatoshi , Fukagawa Tatsuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo form functional kinetochores, CENP-C and CENP-T independently recruit the KMN (Knl1C, Mis12C, and Ndc80C) network onto the kinetochores. To clarify the functions of the KMN network on CENP-T, we evaluated its roles in chicken DT40 cell lines lacking the CENP-C-KMN network interaction. By analyzing mutants lacking both CENP-T-Mis12C and CENP-C-Mis12C interactions, we demonstrated that Knl1C and Mis12C (KM) play critical roles in the cohesion of sister chromatids or the recruitment of spindle checkpoint proteins onto kinetochores. Two copies of Ndc80C (N-N) exist on CENP-T via Mis12C or direct binding. Analyses of cells specifically lacking the Mis12C-Ndc80C interaction revealed that N-N is needed for proper kinetochore-microtubule interactions. However, using artificial engineering to directly bind the two copies of Ndc80C to CENP-T, we demonstrated that N-N functions without direct Mis12C binding to Ndc80C in native kinetochores. This study demonstrated the mechanisms by which complicated networks play roles in native kinetochores.
Highly efficient and salt rejecting solar evaporation via a wick-free confined water layer
Authors: Zhang Lenan , Li Xiangyu , Zhong Yang , Leroy Arny , Xu Zhenyuan , Zhao Lin , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent advances in thermally localized solar evaporation hold significant promise for vapor generation, seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and medical sterilization. However, salt accumulation is one of the key bottlenecks for reliable adoption. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient (>80% solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency) and salt rejecting (20 weight % salinity) solar evaporation by engineering the fluidic flow in a wick-free confined water layer. With mechanistic modeling and experimental characterization of salt transport, we show that natural convection can be triggered in the confined water. More notably, there exists a regime enabling simultaneous thermal localization and salt rejection, i.e., natural convection significantly accelerates salt rejection while inducing negligible additional heat loss. Furthermore, we show the broad applicability by integrating this confined water layer with a recently developed contactless solar evaporator and report an improved efficiency. This work elucidates the fundamentals of salt transport and offers a low-cost strategy for high-performance solar evaporation.
EBV miRNAs BART11 and BART17-3p promote immune escape through the enhancer-mediated transcription of PD-L1
Authors: Wang Jie , Ge Junshang , Wang Yian , Xiong Fang , Guo Jiayue , Jiang Xianjie , Zhang Lishen , Deng Xiangying , Gong Zhaojian , Zhang Shanshan , Yan Qijia , He Yi , Li Xiayu , Shi Lei , Guo Can , Wang Fuyan , Li Zheng , Zhou Ming , Xiang Bo , Li Yong , Xiong Wei , Zeng Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reportedly the first identified human tumor virus, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric carcinoma (GC), and several lymphomas. PD-L1 expression is elevated in EBV-positive NPC and GC tissues; however, the specific mechanisms underlying the EBV-dependent promotion of PD-L1 expression to induce immune escape warrant clarification. EBV encodes 44 mature miRNAs. In this study, we find that EBV-miR-BART11 and EBV-miR-BART17-3p upregulate the expression of PD-L1 in EBV-associated NPC and GC. Furthermore, EBV-miR-BART11 targets FOXP1, EBV-miR-BART17-3p targets PBRM1, and FOXP1 and PBRM1 bind to the enhancer region of PD-L1 to inhibit its expression. Therefore, EBV-miR-BART11 and EBV-miR-BART17-3p inhibit FOXP1 and PBRM1, respectively, and enhance the transcription of PD-L1 (CD274, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/29126), resulting in the promotion of tumor immune escape, which provides insights into potential targets for EBV-related tumor immunotherapy.
Widespread occurrence of covalent lysine–cysteine redox switches in proteins
Authors: Rabe von Pappenheim Fabian , Wensien Marie , Ye Jin , Uranga Jon , Irisarri Iker , de Vries Jan , Funk Lisa-Marie , Mata Ricardo A. , Tittmann Kai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe recently reported the discovery of a lysine–cysteine redox switch in proteins with a covalent nitrogen–oxygen–sulfur (NOS) bridge. Here, a systematic survey of the whole protein structure database discloses that NOS bridges are ubiquitous redox switches in proteins of all domains of life and are found in diverse structural motifs and chemical variants. In several instances, lysines are observed in simultaneous linkage with two cysteines, forming a sulfur–oxygen–nitrogen–oxygen–sulfur (SONOS) bridge with a trivalent nitrogen, which constitutes an unusual native branching cross-link. In many proteins, the NOS switch contains a functionally essential lysine with direct roles in enzyme catalysis or binding of substrates, DNA or effectors, linking lysine chemistry and redox biology as a regulatory principle. NOS/SONOS switches are frequently found in proteins from human and plant pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and also in many human proteins with established roles in gene expression, redox signaling and homeostasis in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Efficient spin current source using a half-Heusler alloy topological semimetal with back end of line compatibility
Authors: Shirokura Takanori , Fan Tuo , Khang Nguyen Huynh Duy , Kondo Tsuyoshi , Hai Pham Nam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTopological materials, such as topological insulators (TIs), have great potential for ultralow power spintronic devices, thanks to their giant spin Hall effect. However, the giant spin Hall angle (θSH > 1) is limited to a few chalcogenide TIs with toxic elements and low melting points, making them challenging for device integration during the silicon Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) process. Here, we show that by using a half-Heusler alloy topological semi-metal (HHA-TSM), YPtBi, it is possible to achieve both a giant θSH up to 4.1 and a high thermal budget up to 600 °C. We demonstrate magnetization switching of a CoPt thin film using the giant spin Hall effect of YPtBi by current densities lower than those of heavy metals by one order of magnitude. Since HHA-TSM includes a group of three-element topological materials with great flexibility, our work opens the door to the third-generation spin Hall materials with both high θSH and high compatibility with the BEOL process that would be easily adopted by the industry.
Analysis of surface temperature variation of lakes in China using MODIS land surface temperature data
Authors: Xie Cong , Zhang Xin , Zhuang Long , Zhu Ruixi , Guo Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina has a great wealth of lake resources over a great spatial extent and these lakes are highly sensitive to climate changes through their heat and water budgets. However, little is known about the changes in lake surface water temperature (LSWT) across China under the climate warming conditions over the past few decades. In this study, MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data were used to examine the spatial and temporal (diurnal, intra-annual, and inter-annual) variations in LSWT of China’s lakes during 2001–2016. Our results indicated that 169 large lakes included in the study exhibited an overall increasing trend in LSWT, with an average rate of 0.26 °C/decade. The increasing rate of nighttime LSWT is 0.31 °C/decade, faster than that of daytime temperature (0.21 °C/decade). Overall, 121 (71.6%) lakes showed an increase in daytime temperature with a mean rate of 0.38 °C/decade, while the rest 48 (28.4%) lakes decreased in temperature with a mean rate of − 0.21 °C/decade. We also quantitatively analyzed the relationship of the lake surface temperature and diurnal temperature differences (DTDs) with geographical location, topography, and lake morphometry by utilizing multivariate regression analysis. Our analysis suggested that the geographical location (latitude and longitude) and topography (altitude) were primary driving factors in explaining the national lake water temperature variation (P < 0.001), which were also mediated by morphometric factors such as lake surface area and volume. Moreover, the diurnal lake temperature variations were significantly correlated with altitude, latitude, and lake surface area (R2 = 0.426, P < 0.001). Correlation analyses of LSWT trend and air temperature trend for each lake indicated that LSWT was positively correlated with air temperature in both daytime and nighttime for most lakes.
Variations in the physical demands and technical performance of professional soccer teams over three consecutive seasons
Authors: Akyildiz Zeki , Nobari Hadi , González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Praça Gibson Moreira , Sarmento Hugo , Guler Aytek Hikmet , Saka Esat Kaan , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Figueiredo António J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to analyze the seasonal variations in the physical demands of Turkish Super League teams considering their status in the final rankings and (ii) to analyze the seasonal variations in the technical performance of Turkish Super League teams considering their status in the final rankings. This study followed an observational analytic retrospective design. In the last three seasons of the Turkish Super League (2015–2016, 2016–2017 and 2017–2018), 918 football matches, 54 teams, 25,029 observations were made. The Sentio Sports optical tracking system was used to quantify the physical demands and technical execution of players in all matches. No significant differences of external load were found between seasons analyzed (p > 0.05). The number of lost balls, ball touches in the central corridor, and goals from set pieces increased from season one to the others (p < 0.05), while the number of successful dribbles reduced over time (p < 0.05). As conclusion, it seems not occurred a progressive change in external load over the seasons, while an evolutionary trends regarding technical variables were observed.
A machine learning-based on-demand sweat glucose reporting platform
Authors: Sankhala Devangsingh , Sardesai Abha Umesh , Pali Madhavi , Lin Kai-Chun , Jagannath Badrinath , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic endocrine disease that occurs due to an imbalance in glucose levels and altering carbohydrate metabolism. It is a leading cause of morbidity, resulting in a reduced quality of life even in developed societies, primarily affected by a sedentary lifestyle and often leading to mortality. Keeping track of blood glucose levels noninvasively has been made possible due to diverse breakthroughs in wearable sensor technology coupled with holistic digital healthcare. Efficient glucose management has been revolutionized by the development of continuous glucose monitoring sensors and wearable, non/minimally invasive devices that measure glucose concentration by exploiting different physical principles, e.g., glucose oxidase, fluorescence, or skin dielectric properties, and provide real-time measurements every 1–5 min. This paper presents a highly novel and completely non-invasive sweat sensor platform technology that can measure and report glucose concentrations from passively expressed human eccrine sweat using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and affinity capture probe functionalized sensor surfaces. The sensor samples 1–5 µL of sweat from the wearer every 1–5 min and reports sweat glucose from a machine learning algorithm that samples the analytical reference values from the electrochemical sweat sensor. These values are then converted to continuous time-varying signals using the interpolation methodology. Supervised machine learning, the decision tree regression algorithm, shows the goodness of fit R2 of 0.94 was achieved with an RMSE value of 0.1 mg/dL. The output of the model was tested on three human subject datasets. The results were able to capture the glucose progression trend correctly. Sweet sensor platform technology demonstrates a dynamic response over the physiological sweat glucose range of 1–4 mg/dL measured from 3 human subjects. The technology described in the manuscript shows promise for real-time biomarkers such as glucose reporting from passively expressed human eccrine sweat.