bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AreDaojingandDejingstylistically independent of each other: A stylometric analysis with activity and descriptivity
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Jiang Yue , Wang Letao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt has been qualitatively evidenced that Daojing and Dejing, the two sections of DaoDejing, are independent of each other in content, style, and authorship. However, this claim remains controversial because there has been scant quantitative study of them that probes into their syntactic structure to quantitatively evidence the independence due to methodological challenges to quantitative approaches. To address this problem, the present study employed two indexes of quantitative linguistics, activity and descriptivity, to capture the syntactic features of the inner structure of Daojing and Dejing to validate the independence as of the above. Results of this study reveal that (1) the chi-square test shows that both sections are significantly active texts; (2) the u-test and nonparametric two-related-sample test show that the two texts do not differ from each other significantly either holistically or by the 300-character segments in terms of activity and descriptivity; and (3) the activity sequences (Q-sequence) in the two sections can be both better fitted by two different functions, viz. the beta-function and the Morse function. Moreover, with the development of the text, a synergic relationship is found in the distribution of verbs and adjectives, indicative of a dynamic and complex self-regulating process of the text development. To conclude, contrary to the claim of prior studies that they were written by different authors, our stylometric study has quantitatively demonstrated that Daojing and Dejing are not independent of each other stylistically, especially in terms of activity and descriptivity.
Underexpanded gas jets of Mach 2: the changing physical structure and power transmission
Authors: Smith Michael D , Keogh Thomas L R 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Supersonic jets with excess gas pressure are associated with many phenomena including radio galaxies, protostars, volcanic plumes, rocket exhausts, and champagne cork popping. Some common properties are derived here based on steady uniform hydrodynamic flow from a circular orifice. We present a systematic numerical study over a wide range of parameters for Mach 2 jets, concentrating on simulations of jets with pressures exceeding the ambient pressure. With cylindrical symmetry, we show how the location of the stand-off and following downstream shocks depend not only on the overpressure but also on the density due to a feedback loop, which results in an oscillatory flow pattern. We conclude that rapidly varying and gradually evolving shock patterns arise even from steady uniform jets. This can take the form of turbulent plumes at high overpressures and regular oscillations at low overpressures. We identify where this screeching contributes to noise and sound wave generation, which may aid the regulation of star and galaxy formation. However, the main effect for such low Mach number jets is to drive a circulatory motion in which the ambient medium is driven out along the axial direction while mass and energy flow laterally inwards, setting up a large advection pattern. Once the initial bow shock has propagated out, the noise from the jet is insufficient to significantly alter the environment. High Mach number jets do not follow these conclusions and will be treated separately.
Trends in the incidence of malignant central nervous system tumors in Brazil, 2000–2015
Authors: de Oliveira Letícia Lima , Bergmann Anke , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
In Brazil, 5870 new cases of malignant central nervous system tumors (MCNST) were estimated for men and 5220 for women for each year of the 2020–2022 triennium. The objective of this study was to analyze incidence rate trends and compare demographic characteristics of new MCNST cases according to tumor topographies in Brazil from 2000 to 2015.

Methods
This study comprises an analytical cross-sectional assessment of secondary databases extracted from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) website. Data comprised new neoplasm cases of meninges (C70), brain (C71), spinal cord, cranial nerves, and other central nervous system parts (C72) retrieved from 23 population-based cancer registries. A descriptive analysis was performed. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Linear trends were calculated using a linear least squares regression for adjusted incidence rates versus time.

Results
A total of 24 986 new MCNST cases were recorded. The main topography was the brain (91.5%). Except for meninges tumors, where 62.4% of the cases were observed in women, MCNST cases were more frequent among men concerning the other evaluated topographies. All 3 topographies occurred predominantly in adult patients aged from 40- to 64-year-old. Between 2000 and 2015, incidence rates ranged from 5.12 to 4.95 (a 1.4% increase of per year; 95% CI −4.0 to 6.8; P = .584) in men and from 4.35 to 3.61 (a 3.1% increase per year; 95% CI −1.7 to 8.0; P = .189).

Conclusions
The most frequent topography was the brain. Incidence rates of MCNST remained relatively stable over time in both sexes.
Multisystem T-cell Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: From the Eye to the Kidney
Authors: Vial Guillaume , Barthod Laure , Schneider Sophie , Mercié Patrick , Duffau Pierre , Vermorel Agathe , Ribeiro Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is usually a fatal disease associated with clonal proliferation of EBV-infected T or NK cells. We present the case of a 33-year-old Peruvian patient who developed a multisystem CAEBV, notably responsible for exceptional ophthalmological and renal damage. We describe the clinicopathological features of EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorder.
Petrological and Geochemical Study of Sundoro Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: Temporal Variations in Differentiation and Source Processes During the Growth of an Individual Volcano
Authors: Wibowo Haryo Edi , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro , Kuritani Takeshi , Furukawa Ryuta , Prambada Oktory , Harijoko Agung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Volcanic rocks of the Java sector of Sunda arc have a wide range of isotopic compositions that indicate significant addition of subjected sediment. What processes control these geochemical characteristics is a topic of long-standing debate. Here we report Sr–Nd–Pb radiogenic isotope ratios and geochemical data from stratigraphically well-constrained rocks of Sundoro volcano in central Java that represent the volcano’s activity since 34 ka. The rocks range from basalt (51 wt % SiO2) to andesite (63 wt % SiO2) and are dominated by basaltic andesite. We divide them into magma types A, B and C, having low, medium and high 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, respectively. According to various differentiation indices, the three magma types have separate, parallel 87Sr/86Sr, Ba/Zr and La/Yb trends and disparate Pb isotopic trends. The dominant process of intracrustal differentiation appears to be magma mixing, in which each of the three magma types represents the mixing of a distinct mafic end-member and a distinct felsic end-member. The distinct geochemical profiles of these magma types indicate that the three mafic end-members are genetically unrelated and that their differences may represent characteristics of their magma sources. On the basis of trace element ratios (Ba/Yb and La/Yb) and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions, we estimate that magma types A, B and C represent mantle wedge materials fluxed by ~1%, ~1.5% and ~2% slab-derived materials containing 50%, 55% and 65% sediment component, respectively, reflecting increasing proportions of sediments and increasing slab flux. Geochemical data from Merapi volcano, interpreted using the same approach, reveal a similar increase in the slab-derived flux to the magma source, raising the possibility that such short-lived variations in magma genesis, perhaps related to the subduction of bathymetric relief features, characterize the unusual magmatism beneath the volcanic front of the central Java sector of the Sunda arc.
Recent advances in elucidating the genetic basis of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Villanueva-Martín Gonzalo , Martín Javier , Bossini-Castillo Lara 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disorder that affects the connective tissue and causes severe vascular damage and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. There are recent advances in the field that apply novel methods to high throughput genotype information of thousands of patients with SSc and provide promising results towards the use of genomic data to help SSc diagnosis and clinical care.

Recent findings
This review addresses the development of the first SSc genomic risk score, which can contribute to differentiating SSc patients from healthy controls and other immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, we explore the implementation of data mining strategies on the results of genome-wide association studies to highlight subtype-specific HLA class II associations and a strong association of the HLA class I locus with SSc for the first time. Finally, the combination of genomic data with transcriptomics informed drug repurposing and genetic association studies in well characterized SSc patient cohorts identified markers of severe complications of the disease.

Summary
Early diagnosis and clinical management of SSc and SSc-related complications are still challenging for rheumatologists. The development of predictive models and tools using genotype data may help to finally deliver personalized clinical care and treatment for patients with SSc in the near future.
A Nursing Approach to Improving Critical Care Compliance With Vital Signs and Neurological Assessments in Post-IV-Alteplase Stroke Patients
Authors: Cohen Vicki L. , Anderson Amanda , Noah Patty , Super Jamie 
Published: August 2022

Ischemic stroke represents 87% of all strokes. As global initiatives move forward with stroke care, health care providers and institutions will be called on to deliver the most current evidence-based care. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) estimates that 795 000 strokes occur each year; 610 000 are new strokes, and 185 000 are recurrent strokes. Eighty-seven percent are ischemic strokes; the overall mortality rate from stroke was 273 000, which makes stroke the fifth leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States. Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year.
This article outlines a nursing intervention regarding the use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for treating acute ischemic stroke, the risk factors related to IV-alteplase, best-practice protocols, and the nursing role in efforts to deliver safe care. The conclusion reveals the need for health care organizations to explore opportunities, continually inspire innovation at the bedside, highlight nursing's essential contribution to acute stroke care, and encourage publishing improvements in patient care and the nurse practice environment.
Comprehensive Review of Reported Nonclassical Spindle Cell Lipoma Presentations and a Unique Case Report
Authors: Engwall-Gill Abigail J. , Xiong Mulin , Bray Stephanie M. C. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a rare subset of benign lipomatous neoplasms, making up approximately 1.5% of all adipocytic neoplasms. Since SCLs were first described in 1975, numerous nonclassical cases have been reported in the literature, with variation in location, cytologic composition, patient demographic, and progression. Although some previous reports review related cases of specific rare presentations or institution-based summaries, no comprehensive summary of published nonclassical SCL case reports has been done.

Methods:
PubMed was queried for nonclassical presentations of SCL from 1978 to 2018. The nonclassical characteristics were analyzed and described. Those with multiple nonclassical features were studied for common characteristics. The Fisher exact test was used, and a P value of 0.05 was determined to be statistically significant.

Results:
We present the first case of a patient with six nonclassical findings: a fast-growing, infiltrating into skeletal muscle, located in two positions on the chin of an 18-year-old African American woman. In this review of the existing nonclassical SCL, we evaluate 125 cases for demographics, location, size, erosion/infiltration, multiple lesions in one individual, and the number of nonclassical findings in one individual. Women and younger than 40-year-old patients significantly present with more than one nonclassical finding.

Conclusions:
Thorough characterization of the rare nonclassical cases of this benign condition could guide diagnostic decision-making and identify trends in disease presentation over time as well as alert the clinician to the increased risk of rapid regrowth or invasion in an individual with nonclassical findings especially young age and female gender.
Lower Extremity Nerve Decompression for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fadel Zahir T. , Imran Wafa M. , Azhar Turki 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a leading cause of morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of lower extremity nerve decompression in reducing DPN symptoms and complications.

Methods:
A database search was performed using Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Articles addressing surgical decompression of lower limb peripheral nerves in patients with diabetes were screened for inclusion. Two independent reviewers undertook the assessment. Methodological quality measures were the Cochrane risk of bias and Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results:
The pooled sample size from 21 studies was 2169 patients. Meta-analysis of 16 observational studies showed significant improvement in the visual analog scale (VAS) (P < 0.00001) and two-point discrimination (P = 0.003), with strong reliability. Decompression of the tarsal tunnel region had the highest improvement in VAS [MD, 6.50 (95% CI, 3.56–9.44)]. A significant low-risk ratio (RR) of ulcer development and lower limb amputation was detected (P < 0.00001). Lowest RR of ulcer development was detected with tarsal tunnel release [RR, 0.04 (95% CI, 0.00–0.48)]. Improvements in VAS, two-point discrimination, and nerve conduction velocity were nonsignificant in the meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The RCT analysis was limited to only two studies for each outcome.

Conclusions:
Meta-analysis of observational studies highlights the efficacy of lower extremity nerve decompression in reducing DPN symptoms, ulcerations, and amputations. Releasing the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel region was the most effective observed procedure. Nevertheless, high-quality RCTs are required to support the utility of this intervention in DPN.
A Case of Atypical Alzheimer Disease With Clinical Manifestation That Straddled the Boundary Between Primary Progressive Aphasia and Posterior Cortical Atrophy
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Clark Heather M. , Machulda Mary M. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Lowe Val J. , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
In the context of Alzheimer disease phenotypes, patients may present with symptoms and signs that do not exclusively fit into one of the existing phenotypic categories, which often delays timely diagnosis and initiation of services to optimize patient awareness and coping.

Case Report:
A 74-year-old woman presented with the complaint of progressive word-finding difficulty, raising our suspicion for primary progressive aphasia. Clinical evaluations, however, also revealed emerging cortical visual deficits consistent with posterior cortical atrophy. During evaluation 1 year later, Gerstmann syndrome was evident. Her in vivo neuroimaging was positive for beta-amyloid and tau biomarkers of Alzheimer disease pathology.

Conclusion:
In addition to contributing to the literature on the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease, this report highlights that a breakdown in the visual-lexical interface can account for anomia in posterior cortical atrophy at least in some cases. Other relevant clinical insights pertinent to this case are discussed.
Remotely provided open-label placebo reduces frequency of and impairment by allergic symptoms
Authors: Kube Tobias , Kirsch Irving , Glombiewski Julia A. , Witthöft Michael , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Placebos being prescribed with full honesty and disclosure (i.e., open-label placebo = OLP) have been shown to reduce symptom burden in a variety of conditions. With regard to allergic rhinits, previous research provided inconclusive evidence for the effects of OLP, possibly related to a separate focus on either symptom severity or symptom frequency. Overcoming this limitation of previous research, the present study aimed to examine the effects of OLP on both the severity and frequency of allergic symptoms.

Methods
In a randomized-controlled trial, patients with allergic rhinits (N = 74) were randomized to OLP or treatment as usual (TAU). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, OLP was administered remotely in a virtual clinical encounter. Participants took placebo tablets for 14 days. The primary outcomes were the severity and frequency of allergic symptoms. The secondary endpoint was allergy-related impairment.

Results
OLP did not significantly improve symptom severity over TAU, F(1, 71) = 3.280, p = .074, ɳ2
p = .044, but did reduce symptom frequency, F(1, 71) = 7.272, p = .009, ɳ2
p = .093, and allergy-related impairment more than TAU, F(1, 71) = 6.445, p = .013, ɳ2
p = .083, reflecting medium to large effects. The use of other anti-allergic medication did not influence the results.

Conclusions
While OLP was able to lower the frequency of allergic symptoms and allergy-related impairment substantially, its effects on symptom severity were weaker. The remote provision of OLP suggests that physical contact between patients and providers might not be necessary for OLP to work.
The Relationship of John Henryism With Cognitive Function and Decline in Older Black Adults
Authors: McSorley Veronica Eloesa , Howard Christopher , Shah Raj C. , James Bryan D. , Boyle Patricia A. , Barnes Lisa L. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between John Henryism, a psychological trait typified by high-effort active coping that has been associated with adverse health outcomes among Blacks, and cognitive decline.

Methods
In a cohort of community-dwelling older Black adults (N = 611), we investigated the relationship between John Henryism and cognitive decline. John Henryism was measured using the John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHACS), a nine-item validated measure of self-reported high-effort coping (mean [standard deviation] = 16.9 [4.8]; range, 4–27). We implemented a three-step modeling process using mixed-effects models to assess the relationship between the JHACS and global cognitive function as well as five cognitive domains. We adjusted for demographics and for factors known to be associated with cognitive function and decline including vascular risk factors, discrimination, and income.

Results
The trait of high-effort active coping was associated with lower-average cognitive function (β = −0.07, 95% confidence interval = −0.10 to −0.03), but not with decline. The results remained after further adjustment for experiences of discrimination, income, and vascular risk factors. In domain-specific analyses, we found that the JHACS was associated with baseline levels of working memory, semantic memory, and visuospatial ability, but not decline.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of using culturally specific measures in considering the heterogeneity of cognitive health outcomes in minoritized populations. Understanding how stress responses relate to late-life cognition among older Black adults could help promote aspects of behavioral resilience along with healthful coping responses.
Child Maltreatment and Inflammatory Response to Mental Stress Among Adults Who Have Survived a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Suglia Shakira F. , Hardy Shakia T. , Cammack Alison L. , Kim Ye Ji , Pearce Bradley D. , Shah Amit J. , Sullivan Samaah , Wittbrodt Matthew , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Experiences of child maltreatment are associated with cardiovascular risk and disease in adulthood; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are poorly understood.

Methods
We examined associations between retrospectively self-reported exposure to child maltreatment (Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report Short Form) and inflammatory responses to mental stress among adults (mean age = 50 years) who recently had a myocardial infarction (n = 227). Inflammation was assessed as blood interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations, measured before and after a standardized public speaking stress task. We used mixed linear regression models adjusting for cardiovascular disease severity, medication usage, and psychosocial, demographic, and life-style factors.

Results
In women, increases in IL-6 levels and MMP-9 levels with stress were smaller in those exposed to sexual abuse, relative to those unexposed (IL-6 geometric mean increases = 1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.4–1.9] pg/ml versus 2.1 [95% CI = 1.8–2.4] pg/ml; MMP-9 geometric mean increases = 1.0 [95% CI = 0.9–1.2] ng/ml versus 1.2 [95% CI = 1.1–1.4] ng/ml). No differences were noted for emotional or physical abuse. By contrast in men, individuals exposed to sexual abuse had larger IL-6 responses than those not exposed to abuse.

Conclusions
These findings suggest sex differences in stress response among survivors of a myocardial infarction exposed to abuse early in life. They also underscore the importance of examining sex as an effect modifier of relationships between exposure to early life adversity and inflammatory responses to mental stressors in midlife.