bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making it precise—Imprecision and underdetermination in linguistic communication
Authors: Drożdżowicz Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow good are we at understanding what others communicate? It oftenseemsto us, at least, that we understand quite well what others convey when speaking in a familiar language. However, a growing body of evidence from the psychology of language suggests that in various communicative settings comprehenders routinely form linguistic representations that are underdetermined, “sketchy”, “shallow” or imprecise, often without noticing it. The paper discusses some important consequences of this evidence. Following recent discussions in this strand of research, I outline how the evidence is currently best interpreted as supporting a view on which operating at a certain level of imprecision and underdetermination is afunctional featureof the system responsible for comprehension of linguistic utterances in humans. That this kind of imprecision and underdetermination is part and parcel of linguistic interactions, makes the exact success rate of comprehension particularly hard to estimate. This poses a unique and interesting challenge for assessing the quality of linguistic comprehension. Understanding what a speaker intended to convey with a linguistic utterance may be less transparent than it appears to us. I will discuss the extent to which this evidence may lead to pessimism about how good we are at comprehending what others communicate. However, as I will argue in the last part of the paper, in various cases language users can be sensitive to some types of imprecision and underdetermination in comprehension and make up for it by means of various forms ofpost hocdeliberation. I will describe some suchclarificatorycontexts and end by charting a map of important issues that require further investigation.
Ruolo del fattore maschile nella Procreazione Medicalmente Assistita (PMA)
Authors: Mazzilli Rossella , Ubaldi Filippo M. , Foresta Carlo , Ferlin Alberto 
Published: May 2022

SommarioL’infertilità, ossia l’assenza involontaria del concepimento dopo almeno un anno di rapporti sessuali mirati, riguarda il 15–20% delle coppie e il fattore maschile può essere responsabile, del tutto o in parte, in circa la metà dei casi. Il recente sviluppo di tecniche di procreazione medicalmente assistita (PMA) ha reso possibile e praticabile la fecondazione per molti soggetti con una situazione di grave oligospermia o di azoospermia. L’impatto del fattore maschile sullo sviluppo dell’embrione, sull’impianto, sulla prevalenza di anomalie cromosomiche e sugli outcome clinici e ostetrici è ancora oggetto di controversie. Pertanto, la seguente rassegna prende in esame le indicazioni, i criteri minimi di accesso e gli outcome per singola tecnica di PMA in relazione al fattore maschile.
Design and Analysis of a Vibration Isolator with Adjustable High Static–Low Dynamic Stiffness
Authors: Su Pan , Jun Chen , Liu Shuyong , Wu JieChang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new adjustable high static–low dynamic stiffness vibration isolator is presented to improve the effective vibration isolation frequency bandwidth. Firstly, the finite element simulation of electromagnetic positive stiffness device and negative one is carried out. Through static analysis, the mathematical expressions of force–displacement–current and stiffness–displacement–current are derived. The requirements that the system works at quasi-zero-stiffness condition near the equilibrium position are obtained. The influences of different parameters on the force transmission rate of the high static–low dynamic stiffness vibration isolation system are investigated with harmonic balance method. Finally, the experimental platform is built, and the vibration isolation performance experiment is conducted. Results show that the adjustable high static–low dynamic stiffness vibration isolator has a wider effective vibration isolation frequency range and lower peak transmissibility than the traditional one.
Spatial heterogeneity of land use along the coast of the Yangtze River Delta and implications for exposure assessment to erosion hazard
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Weiguo , Yin Jie , Wang Jun , Wu Jianping , Lam Nina S. N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoastal erosion is widespread under conditions of changing hydrodynamics and diminishing sediment supply, and exposure assessment to erosion hazard has received increasing attention. In this study, we explore the impact of spatial heterogeneity of land use within administrative units on exposure assessment of land use value to erosional hazard. We illustrate land use diversity using the Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) and consider the distance effect by comparing five different buffer zones according to the distance to the coast (i.e., 0–1 km, 0–2 km, 0–3 km, 0–4 km, 0–5 km). Our results show that coastline change and socio-economic development are responsible for land use heterogeneity within the administrative units. Using a buffer zone of 1-km along the coast as the assessment unit leads to an increase in the number of townships that have high and very high exposure of land use value when compared with the assessment result that is based on the whole township area. Furthermore, the 1-km buffer zone can be divided into subunits if very high SHDI values exist within the administrative boundary. This study demonstrates that heterogeneity in land use identified at a fine spatial scale should be given full consideration in carrying out exposure assessment to hazards in a dynamic deltaic coast.
Implications of the statistics of seismicity recorded within the Groningen gas field
Authors: Trampert Jeannot , Benzi Roberto , Toschi Federico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We reanalysed the induced seismicity data from the Groningen gas reservoir. We used the well-maintained induced event catalogue of the KNMI. The distributions of seismic moments and interevent times show a power law behaviour over several decades, and we find that upon increasing the magnitude threshold, these distributions remained scale-invariant. Because of this scale-invariance, we can put a constraint on the average loading of the elastic energy within the reservoir, which upon reaching a critical value gives rise to the seismic events. We find that the elastic energy roughly increases proportional to time. We also propose a new machine learning approach for declustering the seismic events, separating correlated from independent events. We find that only few events are truly independent, i.e. exponentially distributed over time. There are also few aftershocks following an Omori-type power law. The bulk of events presents a Gamma distribution for interevent times. This gives us an indication that the rigidity in the reservoir is high, but whether this results in overall correlated events should be settled with physics-based arguments rather than statistical ones.
Defining American National Identity: An Exploration into Measurement and Its Outcomes
Authors: Bui Phoebe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScholars of American identity have typically concluded that Americans more widely endorse civic values than ascriptive ones in surveys, though IATs suggest that there are robust associations between race and American identity. In addition to this apparent contradiction, these studies share similar methodological limitations: the discrepancy between reported attitudes and real-world behavior. Though these methods are well-cited in the wider literature, attitudes are often conflated to be synonymous with behavior in American identity scholarship. I argue that it is necessary to study how Americans conceive of their national identity in different situational contexts. Using the complementary techniques of semi-structured interviewing and qualitative vignettes, I explore and compare the ways in which 10 American graduate students make sense of their national identity in a series of abstract and concrete settings. Results of a multi-method text analysis approach demonstrate that: 1) there are a multitude of components not currently being discussed or measured; 2) the invocation of American identity components depends on their setting; 3) the ways in which components are characterized are just as important as their invocation; and 4) the difficulty expressed by participants to define a singular American identity underscores the continued salience of the multiple traditions thesis.
RADIOCARBON DATES FROM THE MAMMAL FAUNA OF CRYSTAL CAVERNS, EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Authors: Magoulick K M , Holroyd P A , Southon J R 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDates from the mammal fauna of Crystal Caverns, El Dorado County, California confirm that it is a Pleistocene deposit from the Last Glacial Maximum. Results indicate it is similar in age to other comparable California caves and has a high degree of time averaging.
Effects ofNigella sativasupplementation on blood concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γand adiponectin, as major adipogenesis-related markers, in obese and overweight women: a crossover, randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Razmpoosh Elham , Safi Sara , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Mazaheri Mahta , Mirmiran Parvin , Meyre David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the adverse metabolic effects of obesity.Nigella sativa(NS) (black seed) oil is shown to have therapeutic features in the management of obesity. NS oil might have beneficial changes in obese populations through mediating serum levels of adipogenesis-related parameters and relative transcriptional gene–diet interactions (nutrigenomics), though no previous studies assessed this mechanism in overweight/obese participants. This study assessed the effects of NS oil supplements on blood concentration and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, PPAR-γand serum adiponectin and expression ofAdipoR1, as major adipogenesis and obesity-related parameters, in overweight/obese women using a cross-over design. Eligible women were randomised to receive either NS oil supplements (2000 mg/d) or placebo. Two periods of interventions (8 weeks in each) were cross-changed by a 4-week washout period. An individualised diet plan without calorie deficits was given to participants to match their energy/macronutrient intakes. The Pkcross procedure and intention-to-treat analysis were performed using Stata.Cohen’s d(d)was estimated to measure the magnitude of the effects. Forty-six participants were included. NS oil capsules reduced transcription levels ((d= –2·31),P< 0·001) and blood concentrations of TNF-α((d= –0·29),P< 0·001). AdipoR1 expression (d= 2·24,P< 0·001) and serum adiponectin (d= 0·88,P< 0·001) showed a significant augmentation with a medium-high effect size, as did gene expression (d= 0·69,P< 0·001) and serum levels of PPAR-γ(d= 0·97,P< 0·001). There was a moderate but significant decrease in body weight (d= 0·6,P< 0·001). The present beneficial findings would provide strong information for future nutrigenomics/clinical trial studies assessing the role of NS in the management of obesity and other comorbidities.
The critical mean-field Chayes–Machta dynamics
Authors: Blanca Antonio , Sinclair Alistair , Zhang Xusheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe random-cluster model is a unifying framework for studying random graphs, spin systems and electrical networks that plays a fundamental role in designing efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms for the classical ferromagnetic Ising and Potts models. In this paper, we study a natural non-local Markov chain known as the Chayes–Machta (CM) dynamics for the mean-field case of the random-cluster model, where the underlying graph is the complete graph on n vertices. The random-cluster model is parametrised by an edge probability p and a cluster weight q. Our focus is on the critical regime:
$p = p_c(q)$
and
$q \in (1,2)$
, where
$p_c(q)$
is the threshold corresponding to the order–disorder phase transition of the model. We show that the mixing time of the CM dynamics is
$O({\log}\ n \cdot \log \log n)$
in this parameter regime, which reveals that the dynamics does not undergo an exponential slowdown at criticality, a surprising fact that had been predicted (but not proved) by statistical physicists. This also provides a nearly optimal bound (up to the
$\log\log n$
factor) for the mixing time of the mean-field CM dynamics in the only regime of parameters where no non-trivial bound was previously known. Our proof consists of a multi-phased coupling argument that combines several key ingredients, including a new local limit theorem, a precise bound on the maximum of symmetric random walks with varying step sizes and tailored estimates for critical random graphs. In addition, we derive an improved comparison inequality between the mixing time of the CM dynamics and that of the local Glauber dynamics on general graphs; this results in better mixing time bounds for the local dynamics in the mean-field setting.
Origami-inspired systems that improve adult diaper performance to enhance user dignity
Authors: Brown Nathan C. , Pruett Hunter T. , Bolanos Diana S. , Jackson Corinne , Beatson Bridget , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel origami-inspired adult diaper design that improves discretion by reducing sag and increasing wicking across the entire diaper pad. While other diapers rely on supporting elastics to reduce the sag of the diaper as a whole, this paper proposes an absorbent core that uses liquid activated shaping to take a specified shape. Origami-based folds are also incorporated into the diaper design to increase wicking performance. The paper introduces a disposable compliant mechanism waistband used to deploy the diaper, making it easier to put onto one’s body.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Evapotranspiration in Amazonia Using the Wavelet Phase Difference Analysis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Feng Ziyang , Niu Jie , Melack John M. , Zhang Jin , Qiu Han , Hu Bill X. , Riley William J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationships and seasonal‐to‐annual variations among evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation (P), terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA), radiation (downward shortwave radiation, DSR), and phenology (leaf area index, LAI) are complex across the Amazon basin. To analyze how ET is controlled by these influencing factors, we used wavelet phase difference (WPD) to investigate the effects of P, TWSA, DSR, and LAI on ET at different spatiotemporal scales. The Amazon‐scale averaged ET has strong correlations with these factors at the annual and multi‐year periodicities. The patterns of WPDs have south‐north and west‐east divides due to the significant variation in climatic conditions. The results demonstrate that ET is mainly affected by water and energy availability while vegetation regulates both processes. The deep soil moisture/groundwater can provide strong subsidies to ET during the meteorological dry season in the water‐limited area of Amazon. The WPD can well reflect the responses of ET to the variations of P, TWSA, DSR, and LAI, and the process of vegetation sustaining ET in the dry years in the water‐limited area of the Amazon.
Daily blood pressure profile and blood–brain barrier permeability in patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Dobrynina L. A. , Shamtieva K. V. , Kremneva E. I. , Zabitova M. R. , Akhmetzyanov B. M. , Gnedovskaya E. V. , Krotenkova M. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) plays an important role in cognitive impairment, stroke, disability, and death. Hypertension is the main risk factor for CSVD. The use of antihypertensive therapy has not resulted in the expected decrease in CSVD complications, which may be related to the underestimation of significance of daily blood pressure profile for blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. 53 patients with CSVD of varying severity (mean age 60.08 ± 6.8 years, 69.8% women, subjects with treated long-standing hypertension vs. normotensive subjects − 84.8% vs. 15.2%) and 17 healthy volunteers underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and MRI, including T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for assessing BBB permeability. Most of ABPM parameters in CSVD patients did not differ from controls, but were associated with the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and the total CSVD score. BBB permeability in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and grey matter (GM) was significantly higher in CSVD patients, and the severity of BBB permeability remained similar in patients with different stages of WMH. Among BBB permeability parameters, the area under the curve, corresponding to an increase in the contrast transit time in NAWM, had the greatest number of correlations with deviations of ABPM parameters. BBB permeability in CSVD is a universal mechanism of NAWM and GM damage associated with a slight increase in ABPM parameters. It is obvious that the treatment of hypertension in patients with not severe WMH should be more aggressive and carried out under the control of ABPM.
Changes in the urine volatile metabolome throughout growth of transplanted hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Kochevalina M. Yu. , Bukharina A. B. , Trunov V. G. , Pento A. V. , Morozova O. V. , Kogun’ G. A. , Simanovsky Ya. O. , Nikiforov S. M. , Rodionova E. I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTrained detection dogs distinguish between urine samples from healthy organisms and organisms with malignant tumors, suggesting that the volatile urine metabolome contains information about tumor progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stage of tumor growth affects the chemical differences in the urine of mice and to what extent the "olfactory image of disease" perceived by dogs coincides with the "image of disease" recorded by the mass spectrometer. We used a novel laser ionization mass spectrometry method and propose a mass spectrometric analysis without detailed interpretation of the spectrum of volatile metabolomes in urine. The mass spectrometer we use works without sample preparation and registers volatile organic compounds in air at room temperature without changing the pH of the sample, i.e. under conditions similar to those in which dogs solve the same problem. The experimental cancer models were male BDF-f1 hybrid mice transplanted with hepatocarcinoma tissue, and similar mice transplanted with healthy liver tissue were used as controls. Our data show that both dogs and our proposed laser mass spectrometry method are able to detect both the entire spectrum of volatile organic compounds associated with the disease and minor changes in this spectrum during its course.
Designing a novel multi‑epitope vaccine against Ebola virus using reverse vaccinology approach
Authors: Alizadeh Morteza , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Tahmasebian Shahram , Ghatrehsamani Mahdi , Ghatreh Samani Keihan , Edalatpanah Yadolah , Rostampur Susan , Salehi Majid , Ghasemi-Dehnoo Maryam , Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh , Sanami Samira , Bagheri Nader 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEbola virus (EBOV) is a dangerous zoonotic infectious disease. To date, more than 25 EBOV outbreaks have been documented, the majority of which have occurred in Central Africa. The rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine (ERVEBO), a live attenuated vaccine, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to combat EBOV. Because of the several drawbacks of live attenuated vaccines, multi-epitope vaccines probably appear to be safer than live attenuated vaccines. In this work, we employed immunoinformatics tools to design a multi-epitope vaccine against EBOV. We collected sequences of VP35, VP24, VP30, VP40, GP, and NP proteins from the NCBI database. T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes from target proteins were identified and tested for antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and conservancy. The selected epitopes were then linked together in the vaccine's primary structure using appropriate linkers, and the 50S ribosomal L7/L12 (Locus RL7 MYCTU) sequence was added as an adjuvant to the vaccine construct's N-terminal. The physicochemical, antigenicity, and allergenicity parameters of the vaccine were all found to be satisfactory. The 3D model of the vaccine was predicted, refined, and validated. The vaccine construct had a stable and strong interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) based on molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) analysis. The results of codon optimization and in silico cloning revealed that the proposed vaccine was highly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The findings of this study are promising; however, experimental validations should be carried out to confirm these findings.
Comparison of the similarity between two quantum images
Authors: Liu You-hang , Qi Zai-dong , Liu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComparing the similarity between digital images is an important subroutine in various image processing algorithms. In this study, we present three quantum algorithms for comparing the similarity between two quantum images. These algorithms are applied to binary, grey and color images for the first time. Without considering the image preparation, the proposed algorithms achieve exponential acceleration than the existing quantum and classical methods in all three cases. At the end of this paper, an experiment based on the real quantum computer of IBMQ and simulations verify the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Technical pipeline for screening microbial communities as a function of substrate specificity through fluorescent labelling
Authors: Leivers Shaun , Lagos Leidy , Garbers Philipp , La Rosa Sabina Leanti , Westereng Bjørge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study of specific glycan uptake and metabolism is an effective tool in aiding with the continued unravelling of the complexities in the human gut microbiome. To this aim fluorescent labelling of glycans may provide a powerful route towards this target. Here, we successfully used the fluorescent label 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) to monitor and study microbial degradation of labelled glycans. Both single strain and co-cultured fermentations of microbes from the common human-gut derived Bacteroides genus, are able to grow when supplemented with 2-AB labelled glycans of different monosaccharide composition, degrees of acetylation and polymerization. Utilizing a multifaceted approach that combines chromatography, mass spectrometry, microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, it is possible to better understand the metabolism of labelled glycans in both supernatants and at a single cell level. We envisage this combination of complementary techniques will help further the understanding of substrate specificity and the role it plays within microbial communities.