bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in cell‐based and cell‐free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia
Authors: Wu Shiqiang , Lin Shu , Zhang Xiaolu , Alizada Mujahid , Wang Liangmin , Zheng Yiqiang , Ke Qingfeng , Xu Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise‐based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle‐specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell‐free and cell‐based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
Generation of a genetically modified pig model with CREBRFR457Q variant
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Hai , Chen Huangyao , Liao Yuan , Gou Shixue , Yan Quanmei , Zhuang Zhenpeng , Li Hao , Wang Jiaowei , Suo Yangyang , Lan Ting , Liu Yang , Zhao Yu , Zou Qingjian , Nie Tao , Hui Xiaoyan , Lai Liangxue , Wu Donghai , Fan Nana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObesity is among the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The CREBRF missense allele rs373863828 (p. Arg457Gln, p. R457Q) is associated with increased body mass index but reduced risk of T2D in people of Pacific ancestry. To investigate the functional consequences of the CREBRF variant, we introduced the corresponding human mutation R457Q into the porcine genome. The CREBRFR457Q pigs displayed dramatically increased fat deposition, which was mainly distributed in subcutaneous adipose tissue other than visceral adipose tissue. The CREBRFR457Q variant promoted preadipocyte differentiation. The increased differentiation capacity of precursor adipocytes conferred pigs the unique histological phenotype that adipocytes had a smaller size but a greater number in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of CREBRFR457Q variant pigs. In addition, in SAT of CREBRFR457Q pigs, the contents of the peroxidative metabolites 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, was increased, which was in accordance with the declined level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CREBRFR457Q pigs. Together, these data supported a causal role of the CREBRFR457Q variant in the pathogenesis of obesity, partly via adipocyte hyperplasia, and further suggested that reduced oxidative stress in adipose tissue may mediate the relative metabolic protection afforded by this variant despite the related obesity.
Enabling flourishing: novel approaches in palliative medicine for children with advanced kidney disease
Authors: House Taylor R. , Wightman Aaron 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Paediatric kidney disease results in considerable burden on children and their families. Paediatric palliative care is a holistic, family-centred care approach intended to enable flourishing and address the many impediments to life participation which advanced kidney disease can impose. To date, palliative care resources have been underutilized in paediatric nephrology. This review will highlight recent literature targeting the engagement and life participation of children with advanced kidney disease through implementation of novel palliative care approaches and propose directions for future research.

Recent findings
Children with advanced kidney disease and their families highly value incorporation of their perspectives, particularly on life participation, within care plan development; but what it means to participate in life can be variable, and clinicians need improved tools to ascertain and incorporate these perspectives. Novel palliative care interventions developed for application in comparable disease states offer potential opportunities for paediatric nephrologists to support this goal.

Summary
Children with advanced kidney disease and their families will benefit from incorporation of their perspectives and values, facilitated by palliative interventions.
Anxiety Sensitivity Among Trauma-Exposed Non-Hispanic Black Adults
Authors: Zvolensky Michael J. , Shepherd Justin M. , Clausen Bryce K. , Kabel Katherine E. , Kauffman Brooke Y. , Garey Lorra , McGrew Shelby J. , Vujanovic Anka A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The non-Hispanic Black population experiences trauma-related disparities. One potentially important individual difference construct for posttraumatic stress is anxiety sensitivity. There is limited work on anxiety sensitivity among non-Hispanic Black persons, and no research has focused on this construct in terms of posttraumatic stress among this population. This study sought to build on this limited knowledge by exploring whether this construct was uniquely associated with more severe posttraumatic stress among this population. Participants included non-Hispanic Black trauma-exposed adults (N = 121; M
age = 21.79 years). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was related to more severe overall posttraumatic stress and greater severity of each posttraumatic stress symptom cluster; all effects were evident after adjusting for the variance accounted for by age, sex, education, subjective social status, neuroticism, and number of traumatic event types experienced (lifetime). The study provides the first empirical evidence that, among a trauma-exposed non-Hispanic Black sample of adults, anxiety sensitivity is related to more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. This intraindividual difference factor could be a focus of intervention programming for this trauma disparity population.
THE UNDERREPORTING OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES IN PEDIATRIC CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA –A 20 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Xun Helen , Lopez Christopher D. , Chen Jonlin , Lee Erica , Dorafshar Amir H. , Manson Paul N. , Groves Mari , Redett Richard J. , Lopez Joseph 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUD:
Despite clinical concerns associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they remain grossly underreported. This is the first retrospective study to characterize concomitant pediatric TBI and CMF trauma patients, including frequency, presentation, documentation, and outcomes.

METHODS:
An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study was performed to identify all pediatric patients presenting with CMF fractures at a high volume, tertiary trauma center between the years 1990 and 2010. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, presentation, operative management, length of stay, mortality at two years, dentition, CMF fracture patterns, and concomitant TBIs. Data was analyzed using two-tailed Student’s t-tests and chi square analysis. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Of the 2966 pediatric CMF trauma patients identified and included for analysis (mean age of 7 ± 4.7 years old, predominantly Caucasian [59.8%], and male [64.0%]), 809 had concomitant TBI (frequency of 27.3%). Only 1.6% of the TBI cases were documented in charts. Mortality at two years, length of stay in hospital, and time to follow up significantly increased from mild to severe TBIs. Concomitant TBI were more common with skull & upper third fractures than CMF trauma without TBI (81.8% vs 61.1%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Concomitant TBI injuries were present in a significant number of pediatric CMF trauma cases but was not documented for most cases. Craniomaxillofacial surgeons should survey all pediatric CMF trauma patients for TBI and manage with neurology and/or neurosurgery teams. Future prospective studies are necessary to characterize and generate practice guiding recommendations.
Development and Validation of the VA Lung Cancer Mortality (VALCAN-M) Score for 90-Day Mortality Following Surgical Treatment of Clinical Stage I Lung Cancer
Authors: Heiden Brendan T. , Eaton Daniel B. , Brandt Whitney S. , Chang Su-Hsin , Yan Yan , Schoen Martin W. , Patel Mayank R. , Kreisel Daniel , Nava Ruben G. , Meyers Bryan F. , Kozower Benjamin D. , Puri Varun 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The aim was to develop and validate the Veterans Administration (VA) Lung Cancer Mortality (VALCAN-M) score, a risk prediction model for 90-day mortality following surgical treatment of clinical stage I nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background:
While surgery remains the preferred treatment for functionally fit patients with early-stage NSCLC, less invasive, nonsurgical treatments have emerged for high-risk patients. Accurate risk prediction models for postoperative mortality may aid surgeons and other providers in optimizing patient-centered treatment plans.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study using a uniquely compiled VA data set including all Veterans with clinical stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment between 2006 and 2016. Patients were randomly split into derivation and validation cohorts. We derived the VALCAN-M score based on multivariable logistic regression modeling of patient and treatment variables and 90-day mortality.

Results:
A total of 9749 patients were included (derivation cohort: n=6825, 70.0%; validation cohort: n=2924, 30.0%). The 90-day mortality rate was 4.0% (n=390). The final multivariable model included 11 factors that were associated with 90-day mortality: age, body mass index, history of heart failure, forced expiratory volume (% predicted), history of peripheral vascular disease, functional status, delayed surgery, American Society of Anesthesiology performance status, tumor histology, extent of resection (lobectomy, wedge, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy), and surgical approach (minimally invasive or open). The c statistic was 0.739 (95% CI=0.708–0.771) in the derivation cohort.

Conclusions:
The VALCAN-M score uses readily available treatment-related variables to reliably predict 90-day operative mortality. This score can aid surgeons and other providers in objectively discussing operative risk among high-risk patients with clinical stage I NSCLC considering surgery versus other definitive therapies.
Intraoperative Adverse Events, Technical Performance, and Surgical Outcomes in Laparoscopic Radical Surgery for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhi-Yu , Chen Qi-Yue , Zhong Qing , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To verify an intraoperative adverse event (iAE) classification (ClassIntra grade) to evaluate quality control and to predict the prognostic performance of laparoscopic radical surgery for gastric cancer.

Background:
Surgical quality control is a key factor in the evaluation of surgical treatment for tumors. And, there is no recognized iAE classification for gastric cancer.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective post hoc analysis of previously collected data from the FUGES-001 study (NCT02327481) and a subset of the CLASS-01 study (NCT01609309). Patients were classified into the iAE and non-iAE groups. And iAE was further classified into 5 subgrades according to the ClassIntra grade (with I–V severity categories). Technical performance was evaluated using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills tool and the Generic Error Rating Tool.

Results:
Overall, 528 gastric cancer patients were included in this study, with 105 patients (19.9%) in the iAE group and 423 (80.1%) in the non-iAE group. The survival curve showed that the overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival of the non-iAE group were significantly better than those of the iAE group (P=0.001). The prognosis of patients with ClassIntra grade ≥II was significantly worse than that of patients with ClassIntra grade ≤I. A higher ClassIntra grade, lower Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, and total gastrectomy were independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications. There was a significant increase in bleeding (grade IV) and injury with splenic hilar lymph node dissection during total gastrectomy.

Conclusions:
The ClassIntra grade is an effective prognostic and surgical quality control index for laparoscopic radical surgery for gastric cancer; therefore, it could be included in routine hospital care and surgical quality control.
The mouse allantois: new insights at the embryonic–extraembryonic interface
Authors: Downs Karen M. 
Published: October 2022

During the early development of Placentalia, a distinctive projection emerges at the posterior embryonic–extraembryonic interface of the conceptus; its fingerlike shape presages maturation into the placental umbilical cord, whose major role is to shuttle fetal blood to and from the chorion for exchange with the mother during pregnancy. Until recently, the biology of the cord's vital vascular anlage, called the body stalk/allantois in humans and simply the allantois in rodents, has been largely unknown. Here, new insights into the development of the mouse allantois are featured, from its origin and mechanism of arterial patterning through its union with the chorion. Key to generating the allantois and its critical functions are the primitive streak and visceral endoderm, which together are sufficient to create the entire fetal–placental connection. Their newly discovered roles at the embryonic–extraembryonic interface challenge conventional wisdom, including the physical limits of the primitive streak, its function as sole purveyor of mesoderm in the mouse, potency of visceral endoderm, and the putative role of the allantois in the germ line. With this working model of allantois development, understanding a plethora of hitherto poorly understood orphan diseases in humans is now within reach.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Evolutionary divergence of embryo implantation in primates
Authors: Siriwardena Dylan , Boroviak Thorsten E. 
Published: October 2022

Implantation of the conceptus into the uterus is absolutely essential for successful embryo development. In humans, our understanding of this process has remained rudimentary owing to the inaccessibility of early implantation stages. Non-human primates recapitulate many aspects of human embryo development and provide crucial insights into trophoblast development, uterine receptivity and embryo invasion. Moreover, primate species exhibit a variety of implantation strategies and differ in embryo invasion depths. This review examines conservation and divergence of the key processes required for embryo implantation in different primates and in comparison with the canonical rodent model. We discuss trophectoderm compartmentalization, endometrial remodelling and embryo adhesion and invasion. Finally, we propose that studying the mechanism controlling invasion depth between different primate species may provide new insights and treatment strategies for placentation disorders in humans.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Embryonic specializations for vertebrate placentation
Authors: Whittington Camilla M. , Buddle Alice L. , Griffith Oliver W. , Carter Anthony M. 
Published: October 2022

The vertebrate placenta, a close association of fetal and parental tissue for physiological exchange, has evolved independently in sharks, teleost fishes, coelacanths, amphibians, squamate reptiles and mammals. This transient organ forms during pregnancy and is an important contributor to embryonic development in both viviparous and oviparous, brooding species. Placentae may be involved in transport of respiratory gases, wastes, immune molecules, hormones and nutrients. Depending on the taxon, the embryonic portion of the placenta is comprised of either extraembryonic membranes (yolk sac or chorioallantois) or temporary embryonic tissues derived via hypertrophy of pericardium, gill epithelium, gut, tails or fins. These membranes and tissues have been recruited convergently into placentae in several lineages. Here, we highlight the diversity and common features of embryonic tissues involved in vertebrate placentation and suggest future studies that will provide new knowledge about the evolution of pregnancy.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla)
Authors: Bae Seokhyeon , Kang Heeyoung , Kim Haneul , Joh Kiseong 
Published: October 2022

Two reddish-coloured bacterial strains (HMF7604T and HMF7620T) were isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla) together with two strains (designed as HMF7603 and HMF7618). Cells were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, oval- to short rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the four isolates belonged to the genus

Deinococcus

, family

Deinococcaceae

. They had the highest similarities (95.4–95.6 %) to

Deinococcus multiflagellatus

ID1504T, with which they formed a clade in phylogenetic trees. Menaquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), C15 : 1
ω6c, C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. Strain HMF7604T contained two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, nine unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids, while strain HMF7620T contained one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains HMF7604T and HMF7620T were 65.6 and 65.7 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the two isolates and their close relative

D. multiflagellatus

were 81.1–95.3 and 24.5–61.6 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations, the four isolates are considered to represent two novel species of the genus

Deinococcus

, for which the names Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF7604T (=KCTC 43354T=NBRC 115489T) and HMF7620T (=KCTC 43051T=NBRC 113959T).
INCREASING DIVERSITY AMONGLENSSPECIES FOR IMPROVING BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION IN LENTIL
Authors: Vargas Ana , Gorim Linda Y. , Bett Kirstin E. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTExotic germplasm is a key resource for reintroducing genetic variability into cultivars. We evaluated 36 accessions from cultivated lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) and six related wild species, inoculated with a commercial strain ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.viciaeunder greenhouse conditions. The objective was to exploreLensspecies and/or accessions that could contribute higher biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) ability to the lentil crop. A split plot design was used with eitherRhizobiuminoculation, added Nitrogen (N) or neither, as the main plots, and accessions in subplots randomized in blocks. Two repeats of the experiment were evaluated at flowering for N fixation and nodulation characters, and two subsequent experiments, with a subset of 14 accessions, were evaluated at maturity for seed production, seed quality and harvest index. Differences in phenotypic expression did not correspond to any particularLensspecies. CDC Greenstar exhibited some of the highest N fixation values observed among the cultivars and also superior yield results compared to the added N treatment. Wild accessions, including IG 72643 (L. orientalis), displayed unique and multiple desirable characteristics compared to cultivars including indeterminate nodulation, higher N translocation, stable yield compared to added N treatment and exceptionally high protein concentration in seeds.
Aerial survey perspectives on humpback whale resiliency in Maui Nui, Hawai’i, in the face of an unprecedented North Pacific marine warming event
Authors: Mobley Joseph R. , Deakos Mark H. , Pack Adam A. , Bortolotto Guilherme A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter decades of population growth, the central stock of the North Pacific population of humpback whales, known as the Hawai’i Distinct Population Segment (HDPS), was delisted from its endangered status in 2016. At that time, however, an unprecedented heating event, the “Pacific Marine Heatwave” (PMH) was already underway. The PMH coincided with reports of major declines of sightings of humpback whales, including calves of the year, on both the Hawaiian wintering grounds and the feeding grounds of Southeast Alaska. To examine the resiliency of the Hawai’i Distinct Population Segment, we conducted aerial surveys of the high-density Maui Nui region immediately following the PMH event in 2019 and 2020, using distance sampling methods identical to those used in an earlier series (1993 to 2003). Results showed whale densities at or above those seen earlier, with mean density for 2020 highest overall. Crude birth rates (% groups containing a calf) were similarly comparable to those recorded in the earlier series, with an increase from 2019 to 2020. Overall, results suggest the central North Pacific humpback whale population stock to be resilient in the face of this major climatic event.
The integrity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions is associated with different aspects of late-life memory performance
Authors: Dahl Martin J. , Bachman Shelby L. , Dutt Shubir , Düzel Sandra , Bodammer Nils C. , Lindenberger Ulman , Kühn Simone , Werkle-Bergner Markus , Mather Mara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearchers have identified changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation as playing a key role in adult memory decline. Facilitated by technical advancements, recent research has also implicated noradrenergic neuromodulation in shaping late-life memory performance. However, it is not yet clear whether these two neuromodulators have distinct roles in age-related cognitive changes.Combining longitudinal high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the dopaminergic substantia nigra–ventral tegmental area (SN–VTA) and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) in younger (n = 69) and older adults’ (n = 251), we found that dopaminergic and noradrenergic integrity are differentially associated with individual differences in memory performance. While LC integrity was related to better episodic memory across several memory tasks, SN–VTA integrity was linked to working memory.Moreover, consistent with their dense interconnection and a largely shared biosynthesis, dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions’ integrity were positively related, and correlated with medial temporal lobe volumes. Longitudinally, we found that older age was associated with more-negative change in SN– VTA and LC integrity (time point 1–time point 2; mean delay ∼1.9 years). Importantly, changes in LC integrity reliably predicted future episodic memory performance (at time point 3).These findings support the feasibility of in-vivo indices for catecholaminergic integrity with potential clinical utility, given the degeneration of both neuromodulatory systems in several age-associated diseases. Moreover, they highlight differential roles of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory nuclei in late-life cognitive decline.