bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hapuku Rock Avalanche: Breaching and evolution of the landslide dam and outflow channel revealed using high spatiotemporal resolution datasets
Authors: Wolter Andrea , Gasston Caleb , Morgenstern Regine , Farr Jason , Rosser Brenda , Massey Chris , Townsend Dougal , Tunnicliffe Jon 
Published: August 2022

Landslide dams have been recognised as significant components of multi-hazard cascading systems, linking slopes and rivers. Despite the potential for catastrophic consequences, landslide dam breaching and evolution remain under-researched and poorly understood, often due to the remoteness of large volume, valley-blocking landslides and the general lack of high resolution pre- and post-failure survey data. The Hapuku Rock Avalanche presents a unique opportunity to study landslide dam evolution and breaching timelines due to the accessibility of the site and the availability and resolution of pre- and post-failure remote sensing data. Field observations and mapping, sampling, geophysical surveying, and 27 remote sensing surveys from 2016 to 2022 have provided detailed data on the dam. The Hapuku landslide was the largest rock avalanche triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake sequence, occurring ∼9 km upstream of the main highway and rail corridor on the South Island of New Zealand. It dammed the Hapuku River, which rapidly formed a lake behind the 80 m-high deposit. Four major erosion events and three significant partial breach events, identified through observations and remote sensing data differencing, resulted in water outflow from the lake, significant erosion of the dam and deposition of sediment into the river. The partial breaches correspond with less than 1 in 10-year rainfall events in 2017 and 2018, and the first occurred 141 days after dam formation. Seepage and internal erosion of the dam were observed to be progressing upstream before the partial breaches, in which water overtopped the dam. The third partial breach event, 2 years after dam formation, was the most significant erosional event in the last 6 years. The dam has eroded episodically and more locally since 2018, and the degree of erosion appears to be decreasing with time, despite more intense storms. A small lake remains. The evolution of the Hapuku Rock Avalanche dam emphasises the complexity of dam and breaching evolution, which are often oversimplified.
The hydromechanical behavior of opalinus clay fractures: Combining roughness measurements with computer simulations
Authors: Keller Lukas M. 
Published: August 2022

The role of surface roughness of fractures in Opalinus Clay and in rocks in general is relevant in understanding the hydromechanical behavior of fractures. Two different fracture surfaces of shear fractures in the Opalinus Clay were investigated. The fracture surfaces were characterized based on their roughness power spectrum. It was found that slickensides fracture surfaces are near fractal-like up to the longest scale with a fractal dimension Df ∼ 2.1 and in the absence of a roll-off region at long wavelengths. In contrast, the glassy fracture surfaces show a roll-off region, which is characteristic of a flat surface with rather small and local topographic height variations. The glassy fracture surface is near fractal like with Df ∼ 2.0. The measured roughness power spectra were used to create fracture models to study the behavior of different fracture closure mechanism: 1) increasing congruence (matedness), 2) closure by compression and 3) closure by swelling. It turned out that the relationship between permeability and mean aperture depends on the fracture closure mechanism. Concerning closure by compression, the root mean square (rms) value of the aperture (aper) distribution aperrms influences the contact formation behavior, which in turn controls the hydromechanical properties. The lower aperrms is, the lower the fracture compliance. Apart from aperrms, the simulations show that in clay rocks, plastic deformation plays an important role in the closure of fractures by compression. In agreement with the experiments, the simulations predict that the permeability falls below 10% of the initial value at a compressive stress of 5 MPa. The simulations predict that fracture closure by swelling is rather ineffective for confining pressures exceeding ∼1 MPa.
A novel CO2 sensitive and recyclable viscoelastic fluid system for fracturing
Authors: Wu Baizhi , Sun Xin , Dai Caili , Hou Shugang , Du Huanfu 
Published: August 2022

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most commonly used processes of stimulating oil and gas wells to improve the production in low permeability reservoirs or damaged wells. In response to the serious water waste caused by the flowback fluid after the fracturing operation and the huge environmental pressure, a novel CO2 sensitive and recyclable viscoelastic fracturing fluid was developed. This CO2 sensitive property allows fracturing fluids to be recycled. The system consists of viscoelastic surfactants called fatty methyl ester sulfonates (FMES), triethylenetetramine and NaCl. The system shows a strong sensitivity to CO2. When the system is repeatedly contacted and separated from CO2, the viscosity rises and falls rapidly and regularly. The experiments of viscoelasticity, shear resistance and microstructure confirmed that the increasing viscosity of the system after contacting with CO2 was caused by the formation of viscoelastic fluid. When the system leak-off into the formation matrix, the microstructure of the system will be rapidly destroyed under the action of hydrocarbons, and the viscosity will drop to 1.225 mPa·s. Low viscosity after destroying reduces the retention of the system in the formation, resulting in formation damage rate of less than 35%. This research not only provides high-performance, low-cost fracturing fluids, but also provides new insights for the recovery and utilization of fracturing fluids.
Illite K-Ar and (U-Th)/He low-temperature thermochronology reveal onset timing of Yadong-Gulu rift in southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Shiguang , Shen Xiaoming , Chevalier Marie-Luce , Replumaz Anne , Zheng Yong , Li Haibing , Pan Jiawei , Li Kang , Xu Xiwei 
Published: August 2022

Determining the timing of E-W extension across the NS-trending rifts in southern Tibet is key to test the mechanical models of the latest evolution in the collision between India and Asia. We focus on the southern half of the largest of the seven main rifts, the Yadong-Gulu rift (YGR), which, despite being the focus of numerous studies thanks to its easy access, still lacks direct time constraints. Using illite K-Ar ages of fault gouge from the active Yadong normal fault of the YGR, we directly constrain its onset timing at 9 ± 1 Ma. (U-Th)/He dating of the footwall leucogranite reveals a rapid exhumation of the southern YGR since ∼9 Ma, attesting to its onset activity. Such timing is similar to that estimated for the northern half of the YGR at 8 ± 1 Ma, suggesting that the entire YGR formed at approximately the same time. Our synthesis of published initiation ages of the other main rifts in southern Tibet shows that they mostly fall between ∼23 and 8 Ma, suggesting a clear spatial and temporal pattern of old initiation ages to the west and young to the east. In this case, the formation of rifts in southern Tibet is unlikely caused by slab tearing of the underthruting Indian plate or orogenic collapse. Our study supports that E-W extension in Tibetan Plateau is triggered by a combination of eastward propagation of the Karakorum-Jiali fault zone and divergent thrusting along the curved Himalayan arc.
The relationship between renal function and surgical outcomes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Weiwei , Xie Ping , Yuan Songtao , Jiang Lin , Liu Qinghuai , Hu Zizhong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe relationship between renal function and diabetic retinopathy has been controversial. This study is to investigate the influence of renal function on the complex and surgical outcomes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the CONCEPT clinical trial. A total of 45 eyes with PDR underwent vitrectomy were included. Based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), they were divided into abnormal renal function group (ARF group) and normal renal function group (NRG group). Baseline PDR complex, intraoperative outcomes (Intraoperative bleeding, frequency of endodiathermy, surgical time, iatrogenic hole, and tamponade) and postoperative outcomes (logMAR best-corrected visual acuity, vitreous re-hemorrhage, and macular edema, follow up at postoperative 1 month and 3 months) were estimated. Vitreous, aqueous humor and serum were collected at the vitrectomy day and Vascular endothelia growth factor-A levels were quantified for all included patients using liquid chip method.ResultsThere was no significant difference in baseline PDR complex, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between ARF group and NRG group (all P &gt; 0.05). At the vitrectomy day, there was also no difference of Vascular endothelia growth factor-A levels in vitreous, aqueous humor and serum between the two groups (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionOur results showed that the renal function seems not parallel to the severity of PDR, neither to the surgical outcomes. This might be interpreted by the similar Vascular endothelia growth factor-A levels in vitreous, aqueous humor and serum between the two groups.
An Experimental and Case Study on the Evaluation of the Partial Shading Impact on PV Module Performance Operating Under the Sudano-Sahelian Climate of Cameroon
Authors: Yaouba  , Bajaj Mohit , Welba Colince , Bernard Kola , Kitmo  , Kamel Salah , El-Naggar Mohamed F. 
Published: August 2022

Partial shading is a factor that influences the performance of a PV module. The study sought to evaluate the impact of partial shading on PV module performance in the Sudano-Sahelian climate conditions of Cameroon. The behavior of the PV module was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink for 12 months with data from the town of Yagoua. The power, current, and voltage losses of the PV module were estimated by varying the partial shading rate from 5.0% to 95.0%, with an increase factor of 5.0%. The results show that, when the shading ranges from 5.0% to 55.0%, the power and current losses are very significant and vary from 3.0% to 52.0% and 3.0%–53.0%, respectively. The voltage in this shading range remains almost invariant. For shading from 60.0% to 95.0%, the power losses increase slightly and reach approximately 60.0%. A very small current loss is observed, varying from 1.0% to 3.0%. Significant voltage losses are noted and vary from 55.0% to 59.0%. From 40.0% shading rate onwards, a mismatch is observed on the power-voltage characteristics curve by the presence of two maximum power points. This method can be used to evaluate the efficiency of different PV array topologies under partial shading. The results show the importance of paying attention to partial shading, however small its occurrence.
Appraising machine learning classifiers for discriminating rotor condition in 50W–12V operational wind turbine for maximizing wind energy production through feature extraction and selection process
Authors: Arockia Dhanraj Joshuva , Alkhawaldeh Rami S. , Van De Pham , Sugumaran V. , Ali Najabat , Lakshmaiya Natrayan , Chaurasiya Prem Kumar , S. Priyadharsini , Velmurugan Karthikeyan , Chowdhury Md Shahariar , Channumsin Sittiporn , Sreesawet Suwat , Fayaz H. 
Published: August 2022

Wind energy is one of nature’s most valuable green energy assets, as well as one of the most reliable renewable energy supplies. Wind turbine blades convert wind energy into electric energy. Wind turbine blades range in size from 25 to 120 m, depending on the demands and efficiency necessary. Owing to ambient influences and wide structures, the blades are subject to various friction forces that might harm the blades. As a result, the generation of power and the shutdown of turbines are both affected. Downtimes are reduced when blades are detected on a regular basis, according to structural health management. On the 50-W, 12-V wind turbine, this research investigates the use of vibration signals to anticipate deterioration. The machine learning (ML) method establishes a nonlinear relationship between selected important damage features and the related uniqueness measures. The learning algorithm was trained and tested based on the excellent state of the edge. To forecast blade faults, classifier models, such as naive Bayes (NB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), linear support vector machine (linear_SVM), one-deep convolutional neural network (1DCNN), bagging, random forest (RF), XGBoosts, and decision tree J48 (DT) were used, and the results were compared according to their parameters to propose a better fault diagnostics model.
Heat transfer and flow structures of supercritical n-decane in a regenerative cooling channel loaded with non-uniform heat flux
Authors: Liu Jian , Xu Mengyao , Ma Kai , Liu Chaoyang , Xi Wenxiong 
Published: August 2022

A harsh and complex thermal environment in the combustor threatens safe working of scramjets. In this study, heat transfer and flow structures of supercritical n-decane under 3 MPa in a regenerative cooling channel loaded with non-uniform heat flux distributions are investigated, including uniform, sinusoidal, increased, and decreased heat flux distributions. A verified k–ω SST turbulence model was employed, and a corresponding mesh independence study was performed. From this work, the fluid temperature at the outlet of the heated channel is only determined by the averaged heat flux, and all the regenerative cooling channels achieve the same temperature although loaded with different heat flux distributions. Compared with the fluid temperature, the wall temperature distribution is more sensitive to the variations of heat flux distribution. The regenerative cooling channels loaded with the sinusoidal heat flux distributions exist in several high-temperature regions, and the channel loaded with linear distributions changes the trend of temperature distribution. A larger temperature gradient is found in the regenerative cooling channel wall with a lower thermal conductivity. This work provides a good insight into the characteristics of the flow and temperature field of regenerative cooling channels loaded with non-uniform heat flux considering the effect of conjugate heat transfer.
Methylation associated with long- or short-term survival in glioblastoma patients from the Nordic phase 3 trial
Authors: Łysiak Małgorzata , Das Jyotirmoy , Malmström Annika , Söderkvist Peter 
Published: August 2022

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor outcome, but even among patients receiving the same therapies and with good prognostic factors, one can find those with exceptionally short and long survival. From the Nordic trial, which randomized GBM patients of 60 years or older between two radiotherapy arms (60 Gy or 34 Gy) or temozolomide (TMZ), we selected 59 with good prognostic factors. These selected GBM patients were equally distributed according to treatment and MGMT promoter methylation status but had long or short survival. Methylation profiling with the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip arrays was performed and utilized for methylation-based CNS tumor classification, and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs), as well as calculation of epigenetic age acceleration with three different algorithms, to compare the long and short survival groups. Samples identified by the classifier as non-GBM IDH wildtype were excluded. DMCs between long- and short-term survivors were found in patients with methylated MGMT promoter treated with TMZ (123,510), those with unmethylated MGMT treated with 60Gy radiotherapy (4,086), and with methylated MGMT promoter treated with 34Gy radiotherapy (39,649). Long-term survivors with methylated MGMT promoter treated with TMZ exhibited hypermethylation of the Wnt signaling and the platelet activation, signaling, and aggregation pathways. The joint analysis of radiotherapy arms revealed 319 DMCs between long- and short-term survivors with unmethylated MGMT and none for samples with methylated MGMT promoter. An analysis comparing epigenetic age acceleration between patients with long- and short-term survival across all treatment arms showed a decreased epigenetic age acceleration for the latter. We identified DMCs for both TMZ and RT-treated patients and epigenetic age acceleration as a potential prognostic marker, but further systematic analysis of larger patient cohorts is necessary for confirmation of their prognostic and/or predictive properties.
Identification and validation of a novel cellular senescence-related lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting immunotherapy response in stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Liu Yu , He Rong , Lu Xiaohuan , Dai Yuyang , Qi Guoping , Liu Jingsong , Deng Jianzhong , Lu Wenbin , Jin Jianhua , Liu Qian 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cellular senescence is a novel hallmark of cancer associated with patient outcomes and tumor immunotherapy. However, the value of cellular senescence-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) patients needs further investigation.Methods: The transcriptome and corresponding clinical information of STAD and cellular senescence-related genes were, respectively, downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CellAge databases. Differential expression analysis and coexpression analysis were performed to obtain cellular senescence-related lncRNAs. Univariate regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis were conducted to establish the cellular senescence-related lncRNA prognostic signature (CSLPS). Next, the survival curve, ROC curve, and nomogram were developed to assess the capacity of predictive models. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score analysis were performed between high- and low-risk groups.Results: A novel CSLPS involving fifteen lncRNAs (REPIN1-AS1, AL355574.1, AC104695.3, AL033527.2, AC083902.1, TYMSOS, LINC00460, AC005165.1, AL136115.1, AC007405.2, AL391152.1, SCAT1, AC129507.1, AL121748.1, and ADAMTS9-AS1) was developed. According to the nomogram, the risk model based on the CSLPS was an independent prognostic factor and could predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival for STAD patients. GSEA suggested that the high-risk group was mainly associated with Toll-like receptor, JAK/STAT, NOD-like receptor, and chemokine signaling pathways. Further analysis revealed that STAD patients in the low-risk group with better clinical outcomes had a higher TMB, higher proportion of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), better immune infiltration, and lower TIDE scores.Conclusion: A fifteen-CSlncRNA prognostic signature could predict survival outcomes, and patients in the low-risk group may be more sensitive to immunotherapy.
A novel prognostic and therapeutic target biomarker based on necroptosis-related gene signature and immune microenvironment infiltration in gastric cancer
Authors: Xin Dao , Man Yuxin , Yang Yalan , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2022

Background: Gastric cancer is a major global public health burden worldwide. Although treatment strategies are continuously improving, the overall prognosis remains poor. Necroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death associated with anti-tumor immunity.Methods: Gastric cancer (GC) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were downloaded. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to construct a necroptosis-related risk model and to establish cancer subtypes. Potential associations of the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response with necroptosis-related prognostic risk score (NRG risk score) were comprehensively explored. 16 GC and paired normal tissues were collected and RT-PCR was performed to examine expression of NRG related genes.Results: GC samples were stratified into three subtypes according to prognostic necroptosis gene expression. A necroptosis risk model based on 12 genes (NPC1L1, GAL, RNASE1, PCDH7, NOX4, GJA4, SLC39A4, BASP1, BLVRA, NCF1, PNOC, and CCR5) was constructed and validated. The model was significantly associated with the OS and PFS of GC patients and the tumor immune microenvironment including immune cell infiltration, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB) score, immune checkpoint, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene expression. A prognostic nomogram based on the NRG_score was additionally constructed. A low NRG risk score was correlated with high tumor immunogenicity and might benefit from immunotherapy.Conclusion: We have identified a useful prognostic model based on necroptosis-related genes in GC and comprehensively the relationship between necroptosis and tumor immunity. Predicting value to immunotherapy response is promising, and further research to validate the model in clinical practice is needed.