bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing protected area vulnerability to climate change in a case study of South African national parks
Authors: Coldrey Kevin M. , Turpie Jane K. , Midgley Guy , Scheiter Simon , Hannah Lee , Roehrdanz Patrick R. , Foden Wendy B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change is challenging the ability of protected areas (PAs) to meet their objectives. To improve PA planning, we developed a framework for assessing PA vulnerability to climate change based on consideration of potential climate change impacts on species and their habitats and resource use. Furthermore, the capacity of PAs to adapt to these climate threats was determined through assessment of PA management effectiveness, adjacent land use, and financial resilience. Users reach a PA‐specific vulnerability score and rank based on scoring of these categories. We applied the framework to South Africa's 19 national parks. Because the 19 parks are managed as a national network, we explored how resources might be best allocated to address climate change. Each park's importance to the network's biodiversity conservation and revenue generation was estimated and used to weight overall vulnerability scores and ranks. Park vulnerability profiles showed distinct combinations of potential impacts of climate change and adaptive capacities; the former had a greater influence on vulnerability. Mapungubwe National Park emerged as the most vulnerable to climate change, despite its relatively high adaptive capacity, largely owing to large projected changes in species and resource use. Table Mountain National Park scored the lowest in overall vulnerability. Climate change vulnerability rankings differed markedly once importance weightings were applied; Kruger National Park was the most vulnerable under both importance scenarios. Climate change vulnerability assessment is fundamental to effective adaptation planning. Our PA assessment tool is the only tool that quantifies PA vulnerability to climate change in a comparative index. It may be used in data‐rich and data‐poor contexts to prioritize resource allocation across PA networks and can be applied from local to global scales.
Mortality prediction models after radical cystectomy for bladder tumour: A systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Sarrió‐Sanz Pau , Martinez‐Cayuelas Laura , Lumbreras Blanca , Sánchez‐Caballero Laura , Palazón‐Bru Antonio , Gil‐Guillén Vicente F. , Gómez‐Pérez Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo identify risk‐predictive models for bladder‐specific cancer mortality in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and assess their clinical utility and risk of bias.MethodsSystematic review (CRD42021224626:PROSPERO) in Medline and EMBASE (from their creation until 31/10/2021) was screened to include articles focused on the development and internal validation of a predictive model of specific cancer mortality in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) and Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) were applied.ResultsNineteen observational studies were included. The main predictors were sociodemographic variables, such as age (18 studies, 94.7%) and sex (17, 89.5% studies), tumour characteristics (TNM stage (18 studies, 94.7%), histological subtype/grade (15 studies, 78.9%), lymphovascular invasion (10 studies, 52.6%) and treatment with chemotherapy (13 studies, 68.4%). C‐index values were presented in 14 studies. The overall risk of bias assessed using PROBAST led to 100% of studies being classified as high risk (the analysis domain was rated to be at high risk of bias in all the studies), and 52.6% showed low applicability. Only 5 studies (26.3%) included an external validation and 2 (10.5%) included a prospective study design.ConclusionsUsing clinical predictors to assess the risk of bladder‐specific cancer mortality is a feasibility alternative. However, the studies showed a high risk of bias and their applicability is uncertain. Studies should improve the conducting and reporting, and subsequent external validation studies should be developed.
Theater of lies: The letter to D'Alembert and the tragedy of self‐deception
Authors: Warner John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThough Rousseau is recognized to have treated the problem of self‐knowledge with great sensitivity, very little is known about a centrally important aspect of that treatment—his understanding of self‐deception. I reconstruct this conception, emphasizing the importance of purposive but sub‐intentional processes that work to enhance agents' self‐esteem. I go on to argue that Rousseau's fundamental concern about the theater is its capacity to manipulate these processes in ways that make spectators both complicit in their own falsification and vulnerable to elite domination. This argument, with its focus on the pervasive and often subconscious character of self‐deception, not only problematizes an influential reading of Rousseau which emphasizes the epistemic availability of the “true” or “sincere” self, but also highlights the ongoing civic and moral threat posed by self‐deceptive mental states.
Actor–partner interdependence of socially prescribed parenting perfectionism and parental control in Chinese families
Authors: Leung Janet T. Y. , Shek Daniel T. L. , Kwok Lydia M. H. , Cheung Jacqueline H. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rise of intense competition for younger generation has intensified social expectations of being a good parent. Based on the data of 386 Chinese intact families with fathers (Mage = 48.7), mothers (Mage = 44.7), and adolescents (46.9% girls, Mage = 14.6) as target respondents, this study examined the patterns of dyadic interdependence in the relationships between socially prescribed parenting perfectionism and parental control (indexed by close monitoring and psychological control) using actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) analyses. Results indicated an actor‐only pattern in the association of socially prescribed parenting perfectionism with paternal monitoring, and a couple pattern in the relationship between socially prescribed parenting perfectionism and maternal monitoring. However, the patterns of individual and inter‐spousal relationships between socially prescribed parenting perfectionism and psychological control were indistinguishable between fathers and mothers. The findings lend support to the social expectations model and the anxious rearing model by illustrating positive associations of socially prescribed parenting perfectionism with parental monitoring and psychological control. The present study suggests that father‐prescribed social expectations about parenting are critical in shaping parental control practice in Chinese contexts, which shed light on the development of Chinese socialization model and clinical practice to support Chinese parents in their parenting.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes in the Waikato region of New Zealand
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Morison Brittany , Lawrenson Ross , Paul Ryan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy is associated with health complications for both mother and infant, but patient numbers in the Waikato District Health Board region of New Zealand have not been well characterised. This study reviewed the full 2018 cohort of Waikato District Health Board hospital births (n = 4970) to report on GDM prevalence by ethnicity and age. The overall prevalence of GDM was 5.7% and is more likely to affect Asian, Pacific and Māori women as well as those of advanced maternal age.
Moving across Borders: The Work Life Experiences of Czech Cross‐border Workers during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Haist Joshua , Novotný Lukáš 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe experiences of cross‐border workers (CBWs) and the difficulties they face during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic have been neglected in previous research. CBWs experience various stressors under normal circumstances, where they are often subjected to unequal working conditions and forced to transition between two different societies. The measures that were introduced in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the implementation of physical borders, further worsened the situation for these individuals. Herein, we draw on qualitative interview data from 35 CBWs from the Czech Republic and Germany to explore their experiences of work, stress, support, and their positioning in society during the pandemic. We detail the dissatisfaction felt by CBWs regarding re‐bordering, the lack of coordination in the crisis management, and the lack of support from national governments and the EU. This study provides unique insights into the difficulties and experiences of CBWs in a time of crisis.
Sequencing of laser captured Z and W chromosomes of the tocantins paradoxical frog (Pseudis tocantins) provides insights on repeatome and chromosomal homology
Authors: Gatto Kaleb Pretto , Timoshevskaya Nataliya , Smith Jeramiah J. , Lourenço Luciana Bolsoni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudis tocantins is the only frog species of the hylid genus Pseudis that possesses highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Z and W chromosomes of Ps. tocantins differ in size, morphology, position of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) and the amount and distribution of heterochromatin. A chromosomal inversion and heterochromatin amplification on the W chromosome were previously inferred to be involved in the evolution of this sex chromosome pair. Despite these findings, knowledge related to the molecular composition of the large heterochromatic band of this W chromosome is restricted to the PcP190 satellite DNA, and no data are available regarding the gene content of either the W or the Z chromosome of Ps. tocantins. Here, we sequenced microdissected Z and W chromosomes of this species to further resolve their molecular composition. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that Ps. tocantins sex chromosomes are likely homologous to chromosomes 4 and 10 of Xenopus tropicalis. Analyses of the repetitive DNA landscape in the Z and W assemblies allowed for the identification of several transposable elements and putative satellite DNA sequences. Finally, some transposable elements from the W assembly were found to be highly diverse and divergent from elements found elsewhere in the genome, suggesting a rapid amplification of these elements on the W chromosome.
Psychometric Methods to Evaluate Measurement and Algorithmic Bias in Automated Scoring
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Liu Xiang , McCaffrey Daniel F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the increasing use of automated scores in operational testing settings comes the need to understand the ways in which they can yield biased and unfair results. In this paper, we provide a brief survey of some of the ways in which the predictive methods used in automated scoring can lead to biased, and thus unfair automated scores. After providing definitions of fairness from machine learning and a psychometric framework to study them, we demonstrate how modeling decisions, like omitting variables, using proxy measures or confounded variables, and even the optimization criterion in estimation can lead to biased and unfair automated scores. We then introduce two simple methods for evaluating bias, evaluate their statistical properties through simulation, and apply to an item from a large‐scale reading assessment.
Risk factors for small‐intestinal mucosal breaks beyond aspirin
Authors: Sun Xi , Wang Fei , Liu Jing , Wu Lili , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Xiao , Wang Ming , Zeng Qang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThere remains lots of unknowns for small intestinal mucosal breaks (SIMBs). The application of magnetic controlled capsule endoscope (MCCE) may provide a better understanding of SIMBs. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of SIMBs in the general population as well as risk factors for SIMBs other than aspirin.MethodsClinical data on individuals who visited our institute between January 2019 and February 2021 for MCCE examination as a health check were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All study participants must have completed the small bowel inspection. Multivariate analysis was employed to reveal the independent risk factors for SIMBs.ResultsA total of 1599 participants, 103 of whom were aspirin users, were finally included. The prevalence of SIMBs was 8.3% (132/1599) in all participants, with 36.9% (38/103) in aspirin users and 6.3% (94/1496) in non‐aspirin users. The multivariate analysis showed that in addition to aspirin (OR: 6.17, 95% CI: 3.25–11.58), obesity (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.38–3.92) and smoking (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.56–3.20) were also independent risk factors for SIMBs. Jejunum involvement was more common in aspirin users (20/38, 52.6%), while ilium involvement was more common in non‐aspirin users (58/94, 61.7%). Moderate SIMBs (erosions) were more common in aspirin users (17/38, 44.7%), while severe SIMBs (large erosions/ulcers) were more common in non‐aspirin users (17/94, 18.1%).ConclusionsThe risk factors for SIMBs include aspirin as well as smoking and obesity, and the severity and distributive features of SIMBs differ between aspirin users and non‐aspirin users.
Risk for post‐operative delirium related to comorbidities in older adult cardiac patients: An integrative review
Authors: Ramos Mary Dioise , Vergara Franz Henryk , Shackleford Jenna , Briggs Christina , Gomez Carolina , Mofazali Mahdi , Preston Jade 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is defined as a sudden onset of confusion due to disruption in normal brain functioning. Although it is highly prevalent in post‐operative patients, most significantly the older adult population, limited information exists explaining why its onset occurs.PurposeThis integrative review aimed to synthesise specific comorbidities that can contribute to the development of post‐operative delirium in older adult cardiac surgical patients.MethodsPRISMA statement was used to report the identification, selection, appraisal and synthesis of articles and the PRISMA diagram reports the selection process. The Johns Hopkins Evidence‐Based Practice Tools were used as guide in literature review, critical analysis, levelling of evidence and quality rating. PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL plus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Ovid Nursing Collection and Cochrane databases were searched from 2015 to 2020.ResultsThe initial search yielded 1529 articles. Following the removal of duplicates and screening, 14 articles were included for this review. The following comorbidities were identified in the studies: Diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, depression, impaired olfaction, pre‐existing cerebrovascular disease, pre‐existing cardiovascular disease, insomnia and frailty.ConclusionThere was a strong indication of the development of post‐operative delirium among older adult cardiac surgical patients with comorbidities.Relevance to clinical practiceAwareness of the impact of comorbidities in developing post‐operative delirium may help healthcare providers to plan and implement proper care management among older adult cardiac surgical patients with comorbidities.
Dynamics of a mountain grassland: Environment predicts long‐term trends, while species’ traits predict short‐term fluctuations
Authors: Skálová Hana , Hadincová Věroslava , Krahulec František , Pecháčková Sylvie , Herben Tomáš 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsDynamics of plant communities are an outcome of species’ responses to the external environment influenced by species’ life history, growth patterns and their mutual interactions. We aimed to disentangle the long‐term directional trends, likely associated with decadal change in environmental conditions, from short‐term species fluctuations.LocationKrkonoše Mountains, North Bohemia, Czech Republic.MethodTo disentangle these processes, we used data from four plots in a temperate mountain grassland recorded yearly from 1985 to 2019.ResultsWe identified distinct types of temporal dynamics of individual species (using Fourier analysis) as well as directional shifts in abundance of individual species. Species fluctuations were best predicted by species’ traits (namely taller species and those with a larger bud bank being less likely to fluctuate), likely due to demographic processes specific for individual species within the community. In contrast, directional trends were better predicted by species’ environmental preferences expressed by Ellenberg indicator values. We found consistent shifts in vegetation composition towards that with higher Ellenberg indicator values for soil reaction and light and lower indicator value for moisture, which can be explained both by the global change and local factors.ConclusionOur results thus show that short‐term dynamics of individual species is determined by their traits, while long‐term trends of a grassland community are determined by the environmental change.
Intra‐population variation in male nuptial coloration and diet across anthropogenically altered visual microhabitats in an African cichlid
Authors: Atkinson T. L. , Gray S. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman activities are altering natural ecosystems, leading to widespread environmental change that can vary across spatiotemporal scales, thus creating dynamic, novel conditions at both large and small scales. In highly disturbed aquatic systems, elevated turbidity is one common stressor that alters the sensory environment of fishes and can disrupt communication, including mate choice, driving population‐level shifts in visual communication traits such as nuptial coloration. At a smaller, within‐population scale, we can expect similar adaptive divergence to a heterogeneous visual landscape. Using the cichlid fish, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor, we investigated within‐population variation in diet and nuptial coloration by sampling fish from microhabitats within a relatively small site (~0.14 km2). These visual microhabitats are affected by different types of human disturbance at a very small scale leading to significant differences in water clarity (i.e. turbidity). We used three, non‐mutually exclusive working hypotheses to test if (1) males in low turbidity invest more in carotenoid‐based coloration (economy of pigments hypothesis), (2) fish from low‐turbidity sites eat more carotenoid‐rich foods (diet hypothesis), and (3) fish are habitat matching. Stomach content analyses revealed relatively high overlap in diet across microhabitats; however, fish from stations with the lowest turbidity consumed relatively more plant material (high in carotenoid content) than fish captured at high‐turbidity stations. Males from clearer waters displayed significantly more carotenoid‐based, red and yellow coloration than fish found in microhabitats with higher turbidity, similar to between‐population color variation in this species. Furthermore, larger fish displayed more carotenoid coloration overall, but there was no difference in mean male size among microhabitats suggesting that fish were not sorting into microhabitats. Our results suggest that within‐population variation in nuptial coloration could be associated with microhabitat heterogeneity in the visual landscape driven by turbidity, a diet with more carotenoid‐rich prey items, or a combination of both.
Fortunes and misfortunes of the dragon sons: Direct and cohort effects of superstition on education attainment
Authors: Chou Andy L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted the impact of the Chinese zodiac on fertility, education, and labor market outcomes. Yet previous research does not account for the indirect impact of parental belief on fertility. I develop a new empirical method for evaluating the impact of the zodiac superstition on education attainment using the difference between school cohorts and zodiac cohorts. The new method nests previous methods and identifies effects of the zodiac superstition on education which are independent of cohort effects. Using the Taiwan Social Change Survey, I find evidence of a positive effect for being born in the dragon zodiac years and a negative effect for being born in the tiger zodiac years. I find the results are driven only by older students within an academic cohort. These results cannot be explained by birth planning or overall increase in self‐confidence.
The effectiveness of pressure support ventilation and T‐piece in differing duration among weaning patients: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Xiaomei , Waters David , Yu Hong‐Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is recommended to help patients to liberate themselves from mechanical ventilation as soon as possible in the ICU. The respiratory workload in SBT, which depends on being with or without respiratory support and a specific time, is more accurate to reflect how much support the weaning patients need compared with only considering SBT technologies.AimTo compare and rank the effectiveness of different respiratory workloads during SBT via differing technologies (Pressure Support Ventilation and T‐piece) and differing duration (30 and 120 min) in SBTs.Study designA comprehensive literature search was performed in six English electronic databases to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before September 2020. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted using “gemtc” version 0.8.2 of R software. Each intervention's ranking possibilities were calculated using the surface under the cumulative ranking analysis (SUCRA).ResultsA total of nine RCTs including 3115 participants were eligible for this network meta‐analysis involving four different commonly used SBT strategies and four outcomes. The only statistically significant difference was between Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) 30 min and T‐piece 120 min in the outcome of the rate of success in SBTs (RR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.98). The cumulative rank probability showed that the rate of success in SBT from best to worst was PSV 30 min, PSV 120 min, T‐piece 30 min and T‐piece 120 min. PSV 30 min and PSV 120 min are more likely to have a higher rate of extubation (SUCRA values of 82.5% for 30 min PSV, 70.7% for 120 min PSV, 36.4% for T‐piece 30 min, 10.4% for T‐piece 120). Meanwhile, T‐piece 120 min (SUCRA, 62.9%) and PSV 120 min (SUCRA, 60.9%) may result in lower reintubation rates, followed by T‐piece 30 min (SUCRA, 41.8%) and PSV 30 min (SUCRA, 34.4%).Conclusions and relevance to clinical practiceIn comprehensive consideration of four outcomes, regarding SBT strategies, 30‐min PSV was superior in simple‐to‐wean patients. Besides, 120‐min T‐piece and 120‐min PSV are more likely to achieve a lower reintubation rate. Thus, the impact of duration is more significant among patients who have a high risk of reintubation. It is still unclear whether the SBTs affect the outcome of mortality; further studies may need to explore the underlying mechanism.
Is semantic correctness descriptive?
Authors: Honkasalo Aleksi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the normativists, dispositionalist theories of meaning fail because meaning is normative, not descriptive. One way to understand this notion of normativity is in terms of semantic correctness conditions. Anti‐normativists typically accept that meaning implies semantic correctness but deny that this in turn implies that meaning is normative. Jeffrey Kaplan has recently argued that while semantic correctness may not imply full‐blown normativity, semantic correctness is not descriptive either. I contend that Kaplan's argument has two main problems. First, his focus on dispositionalism leaves it open for other descriptive facts to provide the basis of semantic correctness conditions. Second, he fails to show that the problems of dispositionalism are connected to semantic correctness in a way that demonstrates problems with descriptive theories of meaning.