bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the impact of hydrogen‐rich water on the deaccumulation of heavy metals in butter
Authors: Alwazeer Duried , Ceylan Mehmet Murat , Bulut Menekşe , Koyuncu Mubin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transfer of heavy metals to products during food processing forms serious health concerns. The impact of cultured‐cream butter washing with hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) on the deaccumulation of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in butter was evaluated. Raw cultured‐cream butter was washed with ordinary water or HRW prepared with molecular hydrogen (H2) and magnesium (Mg). While ordinary water‐washed butter samples exhibited an increase in As (7%), Cd (62%), and Pb (206%) and a decrease in Sb (26%) and Hg (17%) levels, HRW samples showed a decrease in As, Cd, Sb, and Hg levels ranged between 14 and 74% except for Pb that increased by only 29% (Mg) and 3% (H2). The proposed method is a green and eco‐friendly strategy to solve the transfer problem of heavy metals to food products.
“Me Cuesta Mucho”: Latina immigrant mothers navigating remote learning and caregiving during COVID‐19
Authors: Bruhn Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBefore the pandemic, immigrant mothers from Latin America in the United States typically shouldered the weight of caregiving for children, maintained jobs, and managed transnational care responsibilities. But as COVID‐19 erupted across the globe, the combination of gendered roles and a collapsing economy ruptured the already fragile arrangement of childcare and paid labor for Latina immigrant mothers. In this article, I examine how school closures intersected with Latina women's identities and social positions as immigrant mothers who suddenly confronted job loss, illness, and increased familial responsibilities. I show how Latina immigrant women renegotiated relationships to schooling, becoming teachers overnight in an unfamiliar system. Mothers shifted educational aspirations for their children to prioritize safety, as they managed increased stress and conflict while schools remained remote. I demonstrate how the breakdowns in care infrastructure forced mothers to rethink the elusive balance between paid labor and childcare, especially for those who were undocumented. Throughout, I explore how immigrant women's intersecting identities left them vulnerable to structural racism and exclusionary immigration policies. Despite the multiple layers of struggle, women continued to support their children's education and socio‐emotional well‐being, even in the face of multiple levels of gendered, racialized inequalities.
Non‐retentive faecal incontinence in children: Conventional therapy alone or combined electrical stimulation
Authors: Sharifi‐Rad Lida , Ladi‐Seyedian Seyedeh‐Sanam , Alimadadi Hosein , Yousefi Azizollah 
Published: September 2022

AimsTo compare the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with conventional therapy and conventional therapy alone on improvement of faecal incontinence (FI) symptoms in a number of children with functional non‐retentive FI.MethodsData of 28 children with FI were accepted for this retrospective study. The case group (n = 14) underwent FES + conventional therapy and the control group (n = 14) received conventional therapy only. Data of children with faecal retention, inflammatory, anatomic, metabolic and neurological disorders were excluded. Children were assessed with a paediatric FI score questionnaire, and a bowel habit diary both before treatment sessions, after they ended, and after 6 months. A FI quality of life questionnaire was completed before and after treatment for all children.ResultsFull response to the treatment (100% reduction in FI episodes) was significantly observed in 8/14 (57.1%) of children in the case group compared to 2/14 (14.2%) of children in the control group after the ending of treatment sessions (P = 0.005). The baseline mean ± SD of FI episodes per week was 3.7 ± 2.1 among both groups which significantly decreased after the ending of treatment sessions in the case group compared to the control group (1.4 ± 2.1 vs 3 ± 2.7; P = 0.05). Mean ± SD of FI score was significantly reduced in the case group compared to the controls after the ending of treatment sessions (3.9 ± 4.5 vs 8 ± 4.7; P = 0.02) and maintained after 6 months (P = 0.05).ConclusionsFunctional electrical stimulation is a safe, effective, non‐invasive, inexpensive, reproducible and easy‐to‐use modality for treatment of functional non‐retentive faecal incintinence in children.
THE FORENSICS EXHIBITION: Displaying Human Remains as Material Evidence of Genocide
Authors: Gill Fiona 
Published: September 2022

abstract
This paper examines the role of human remains in genocide memorials and museums to evoke and narrate individual experiences of genocide. Understanding that the display of human remains is contested, I suggest that their presence in memorials and museums can play a valuable, but hitherto neglected, role in the development of individualized and evidentiary narratives of genocide. Such narratives, developed through explicit information regarding the provenance of the remains and the forensic analysis conducted, can deepen the engagement with and understanding of the victims of genocide by museum visitors. Based on the Forensics Exhibition in Tuol Sleng, Cambodia, I argue that explicitly displaying and explicating the remains develops a powerful evidentiary narrative complementing those developed in more familiar exhibitions. In so doing, I expand on debates regarding the liminal position of human remains as person and object, arguing that the display of such remains in a forensic and public context supports engagement with the remains as individuals. In so doing, the paper provides an opportunity to consider the management of the dead and human remains in the aftermath of mass violence and genocide, attempting to marry the emotional and social needs of the survivors with the desire for “evidence” articulated in the legal, historical, and pedagogical realms.
Characterization of defense responses against bacterial pathogens in duckweeds lacking EDS1
Authors: Baggs Erin L. , Tiersma Meije B. , Abramson Brad W. , Michael Todd P. , Krasileva Ksenia V. 
Published: September 2022

Summary

ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) mediates the induction of defense responses against pathogens in most angiosperms. However, it has recently been shown that a few species have lost EDS1. It is unknown how defense against disease unfolds and evolves in the absence of EDS1. We utilize duckweeds; a collection of aquatic species that lack EDS1, to investigate this question.

We established duckweed‐Pseudomonas pathosystems and used growth curves and microscopy to characterize pathogen‐induced responses. Through comparative genomics and transcriptomics, we show that the copy number of infection‐associated genes and the infection‐induced transcriptional responses of duckweeds differ from other model species.

Pathogen defense in duckweeds has evolved along different trajectories than in other plants, including genomic and transcriptional reprogramming. Specifically, the miAMP1 domain‐containing proteins, which are absent in Arabidopsis, showed pathogen responsive upregulation in duckweeds. Despite such divergence between Arabidopsis and duckweed species, we found conservation of upregulation of certain genes and the role of hormones in response to disease.

Our work highlights the importance of expanding the pool of model species to study defense responses that have evolved in the plant kingdom independent of EDS1.
Examining weight bias before and/or after bariatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Bennett Brooke L. , Lawson Jessica L. , Funaro Melissa C. , Ivezaj Valentina 
Published: September 2022

SummaryResearch examining weight bias in the bariatric population, who may be at greater risk of weight stigma, is scarce. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature for quantitative evidence that explores the medical, psychosocial, and behavioral sequelae associated with experienced, internalized, and/or externalized weight bias in patients seeking or who have undergone bariatric surgery. Five databases were systematically searched for English peer‐reviewed quantitative studies, which examined weight bias in a sample of individuals seeking or who had undergone bariatric surgery. Risk of bias was assessed. Twenty‐nine studies were included, of which 13 examined internalized weight bias, 12 examined experienced weight bias, 4 examined both, and 0 examined externalized weight bias. Most studies were cross‐sectional, and the results showed high risk of bias. The results suggested that both experienced and internalized weight bias were associated with a host of negative psychosocial, behavioral, and medical sequelae. The findings of this review underscore the need for more rigorous research to better understand the relationship between weight bias and bariatric surgery, particularly longitudinally. Future patients may benefit from research developing interventions for reducing weight bias prior to and following bariatric surgery in order to reduce the associated negative correlates and improve outcomes.
The effectiveness of intravenous sedation with midazolam for people with Alzheimer's disease requiring dental extraction
Authors: Abed Hassan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of the elderly regimen of intravenous sedation (IVS) with midazolam for people with Alzheimer's disease (>65 years old) who required dental extraction.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective clinical series of people with late, middle and early stages of Alzheimer's disease who had dental extraction under IVS with midazolam. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender and past medical history of the patients were collected from the medical records. Non‐invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation measured via pulse oximetry and heart rate before and after dental treatment were also collected for each patient. The mental capacity of each patient was assessed using the Mental Capacity Act's four steps. All patients had dental extraction under local anaesthesia and IVS with midazolam. Each patient was injected 1 mg of midazolam over 30 s; pause for 4 min and an additional 0.5 mg increment was added every 2 min until adequate sedation was reached with a minimum of 90% of oxygen saturation. The quality of sedation was assessed using Ellis Sedation Scores.ResultsMidazolam dosage varied between 0.5 and 1.5 mg. All patients showed good (grade II) quality of sedation level as measured by Ellis Sedation Scores. This helped to deliver safe dental extraction.ConclusionsAs the association between general anaesthesia and cognitive level in people with Alzheimer's disease is mixed and still needs further studies, this retrospective clinical series study showed that people with Alzheimer's can benefit from the elderly regimen of IVS with midazolam in providing safe and effective dental extraction when delivered properly.
Methylprednisolone Inhibits Autophagy of Vascular Endothelial Cells in Rat Femoral Head ViaPI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Jang Bo‐yong , Guo Shi‐bing , Bai Rui , Liu Wan‐lin , Gong Yu‐lin , Zhao Zhen‐qun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and autophagy, and its regulatory mechanism in steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH).MethodsIn cell experiment, VEC were isolated and cultured from the femoral head of Sprague–Dawley rats and divided into three groups: blank control group (Ctrl), methylprednisolone group (MP), and methylprednisolone+mTOR‐shRNA group (MP + shmTOR). The autophagy formation was observed by transmission electron microscope. The mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Beclin1 and MAP1LC3 was detected by RT‐PCR and the protein expression was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Expression of the damage marker 6‐keto‐PGF1α was detected by the ELISA method. In vivo experiment, after establishing the model, the grouping method was the same as cell experiment. Autophagosomes were observed by same method, and the expression of related factors was detected by the same method in cell experiment.ResultsIn the cell experiment, autophagosomes in the MP group were significantly lower than in the Ctrl group, and the autophagosomes in the MP + shmTOR group were intermediate between two groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in the MP group were significantly higher than in the Ctrl group, while the MP+ shmTOR group presented intermediate levels between these groups (average gray value were 3837.90, 2996.30, 3005.60, F = 428.64, P < 0.05). MRNA expression levels of Beclin1 and MAP1LC3 in the MP group were significantly lower than that in Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The content of 6‐keto‐PGF1α in the MP + shmTOR group was higher than in the Ctrl group and lower than in the MP group at the evaluated time intervals (average absorbance value were 104.98, 206.83, 145.91, F = 352.83, P < 0.01). In vivo experiment, the content of 6‐Keto‐PGF1α in the hormone group increased as time went on; the mTOR‐si group was higher than that in control group, but lower than that in the hormone group (P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and MAP1LC3 in the control group were higher than those in the hormone group, while the mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were lower than those in the mTOR‐si group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe steroid inhibited the physiological protective effect of autophagy on SANFH by increasing the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related factors and decreasing the expression of Beclin1 and MAP1LC3 in the femoral head VEC.
Cellular differentiation, hormonal gradient, and molecular alternation between the division zone and the elongation zone of bamboo internodes
Authors: Guo Lin , Wang Chunyue , Chen Jin , Ju Ye , Yu Fen , Jiao Chen , Fei Zhangjun , Ding Yulong , Wei Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBamboo differentiates a cell division zone (DZ) and a cell elongation zone (EZ) to promote internode elongation during rapid growth. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this sectioned growth behavior are still unknown. Using histological, physiological, and genomic data, we found that the cell wall and other subcellular organelles such as chloroplasts are more developed in the EZ. Abundant hydrogen peroxide accumulated in the pith cells of the EZ, and stomata formed completely in the EZ. In contrast, most cells in the DZ were in an undifferentiated state with wrinkled cell walls and dense cytoplasm. Hormone detection revealed that the levels of gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid were higher in the DZ than in the EZ. However, the levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were higher in the EZ than in the DZ. Transcriptome analysis with qRT‐PCR quantification revealed that the transcripts for cell division and primary metabolism had higher expression in the DZ, whereas the genes for photosynthesis, cell wall growth, and secondary metabolism were dramatically upregulated in the EZ. Overexpression of a MYB transcription factor, BmMYB83, promotes cell wall lignification in transgenic plants. BmMYB83 is specifically expressed in cells that may have lignin deposits, such as protoxylem vessels and fiber cells. Our results indicate that hormone gradient and transcriptome reprogramming, as well as specific expression of key genes such as BmMYB83, may lead to differentiation of cell growth in the bamboo internode.
The MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 transcription factors affect Arabidopsis and potato responses to drought by regulating the ABA signaling pathway
Authors: Wyrzykowska Anna , Bielewicz Dawid , Plewka Patrycja , Sołtys‐Kalina Dorota , Wasilewicz‐Flis Iwona , Marczewski Waldemar , Jarmolowski Artur , Szweykowska‐Kulinska Zofia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDrought is one of the main climate threats limiting crop production. Potato is one of the four most important food crop species worldwide and is sensitive to water shortage. The CBP80 gene was shown to affect Arabidopsis and potato responses to drought by regulating the level of microRNA159 and, consequently, the levels of the MYB33 and MYB101 transcription factors (TFs). Here, we show that three MYB TFs, MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101, are involved in plant responses to water shortage. Their downregulation in Arabidopsis causes stomatal hyposensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), leading to reduced tolerance to drought. Transgenic Arabidopsis and potato plants overexpressing these genes, with a mutated recognition site in miR159, show hypersensitivity to ABA and relatively high tolerance to drought conditions. Thus, the MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 genes may be potential targets for innovative breeding to obtain crops with relatively high tolerance to drought.
Day service use and improved Serial 7 and Verbal fluency scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honjo Yasuyuki , Ide Kazuki , Takechi Hajime 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDay services (DS) are provided as part of the Japanese public nursing care system. Recent studies have suggested a possible relationship between DS use and limited progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined in detail the relationship between improvements in cognitive function and DS use in people with AD.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS‐R) scores of 208 patients with AD at five memory clinics over a 6‐month period. The patients were divided into a group that started using DS (n = 132) and a group that did not (n = 76) during the study period. We then compared each participant's total and item scores on the HDS‐R between the first clinic visit and 6 months later also compared scores between DS users and non‐users.ResultsDS non‐users were younger, predominantly male, had longer school education, and better total HDS‐R score at the first visit. After 6 months, DS users showed significantly improved total HDS‐R score and individual Serial 7 and Verbal fluency scores. Immediate memory scores were comparable between the first visit and after 6 months. Among the DS users, more frequent participation in DS was significantly associated with improved total HDS‐R score.ConclusionsDS use was significantly associated with improved HDS‐R scores, especially for the Serial 7 and Verbal fluency tasks, and there was no deterioration in Immediate memory score. These results suggest the usefulness of DS participation as a non‐pharmacological therapy.
Pathways for sediment transport and retention in a vegetated, mid‐channel island: Connecting sediment dynamics to morphology in Meinmahla Island, Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar
Authors: Glover Hannah E. , Ogston Andrea S. , Fricke Aaron T. , Nittrouer Chuck A. , Aung Cherry , Naing Thet , Lahr Evan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVegetated mid‐channel islands play an important though poorly understood role in the sediment dynamics and morphology of tide‐dominated deltas. Meinmahla Island is a mangrove‐forest preserve at the mouth of the Bogale distributary channel, in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. In this relatively unaltered mid‐channel island, sediment dynamics can be directly connected to morphology. Field measurements from 2017 to 2019 provide insight into the pathways for sediment transport and resulting morphological evolution. Water depth, salinity and turbidity were monitored semi‐continuously, and velocity profilers with turbidity and salinity sensors were deployed seasonally in single‐entrance (dead‐end/blind) and multi‐entrance tidal channels of the island. The morphological evolution was evaluated using grain size, 210Pb geochronology, remote sensing and channel surveys. The data show that ebb‐dominant, single‐entrance channels along the island exterior import sediment year‐round to the land surface. However, these exterior channels do not deliver enough sediment to maintain the observed ca 0.8 cm/yr accretion rate, and most of the sediment import occurs via interior, multi‐entrance channels. Interior channels retain water masses that are physically distinct from the water in the Bogale distributary, and estuarine processes at the tidal‐channel mouths import sediment into the island. Sediment is sourced to the island from upriver in the wet season and from the Gulf of Mottoma in the dry season, as the location of the estuary shifts seasonally within the Bogale distributary. The salinity and biogeochemistry of the distributary water are affected by interactions with sediment and groundwater in the island interior. The largest interior channels have remained remarkably stable while the island has aggraded and prograded over decadal timescales. However, the studied multi‐entrance channel is responding to a drainage‐network change by narrowing and shoaling. Overall, mid‐channel islands trap sediment and associated nutrients at the river–ocean interface, and these resilient landscape features evolve in response to changes in drainage‐network connectivity.
Fluvial and permafrost history of the lower Lena River, north‐eastern Siberia, over late Quaternary time
Authors: Schwamborn Georg , Schirrmeister Lutz , Mohammadi Ali , Meyer Hanno , Kartoziia Andrei , Maggioni Flavio , Strauss Jens 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTArctic warming and permafrost thaw visibly expose changes in the landscape of the Lena River delta, the largest Arctic delta. Determining the past and modern river regime of thick deltaic deposits shaping the Lena River mouth in north‐eastern Siberia is critical for understanding the history of delta formation and carbon sequestration. Using a 65 m long sediment core from the delta apex a set of sedimentological techniques is applied to aid in reconstructing the Lena River history. The analysis includes: (i) grain‐size measurements and the determination of the bedload composition; (ii) X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffractometry, and magnetic susceptibility measurements and heavy mineral analysis for tracking mineral change; (iii) pH, electrical conductivity, ionic concentrations, and the δ18O and δD stable isotope composition from ground ice for reconstructing permafrost formation. In addition; (iv) total and dissolved organic carbon is assessed. Chronology is based on; (vi) radiocarbon dating of organic material (accelerator mass spectrometry and conventional) and is complemented by two infrared – optically stimulated luminescence dates. The record stretches back approximately to Marine Isotope Stage 7. It holds periods from traction, over saltation, to suspension load sedimentation. Minerogenic signals do not indicate provenance change over time. They rather reflect the change from high energy to a lower energy regime after Last Glacial Maximum time parallel to the fining‐up grain‐size trend. A prominent minimum in the ground ice stable isotope record at early Holocene highlights that a river arm migration and an associated refreeze of the underlying river talik has altered the isotopic composition at that time. Fluvial re‐routing might be explained by internal dynamics in the Lena River lowland or due to a tectonic movement, since the study area is placed in a zone of seismic activity. At the southern Laptev Sea margin, onshore continental compressional patterns are bordering offshore extensional normal faults.