bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of serum ferritin with COVID-19 in a cross-sectional study of 200 intensive care unit patients in a rural hospital
Authors: Hulkoti Vidyashree S. , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Talwar Dhruv , Khanna Shivam , Annadatha Akhilesh , Madaan Sparsh , Verma Vinay , Sagar V.V.S.S 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has toppled the world since first case noted in 2019, and the cases have been increasing there after. This grave effect is caused by the cytokine storm induced inflammation produced by the noxious virus. As it is an inflammatory state, various acute phase reactants are expected to raise; thus serum ferritin is contemplated to increase. Here we aim to anchor serum ferritin as a way marker for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients and study its role as a prognostic marker. Another aspect is the association of COVID-19 with the N: L ratio; observation has stated that higher N: L ratio results in more severe outcome. The study aimed to establish a correlation of COVID-19 severity with serum ferritin in the form of HRCT Score, N: L Ratio and Clinical Outcome in the patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit

Result:
Out of 200 patients who were admitted in the intensive care unit with COVID-19, the association of serum ferritin with N: L Ratio and HRCT Score was significant, and the association of serum ferritin with clinical outcome in terms of discharged and expired was found to be statistically significant

Conclusion:
Serum ferritin was found to be a potent marker for clinical outcome in intensive care unit patients in terms of death versus treated. HRCT Score and N:L ratio were found to be correlated with serum ferritin. Therefore, we conclude that serum ferritin may determine the severity of COVID-19 infection and it can be used as a marker for Clinical Outcome thereby making it an often neglected biomarker for predicting prognosis in COVID-19 with most of the physicians focusing mostly on interleukin 6, C Reactive protein and d dimer as a marker of severe COVID infection.
Assessment of correlation of COVID-19 infection and periodontitis- A comparative study
Authors: Kaur Avineet , Sandhu Harnoor S. , Sarwal Aaron , Bhagat Shalika , Dodwad Reshma , Singh Gaganpreet , Gambhir Ramandeep S. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Periodontal disease constitutes a group of diseases involving inflammatory aspects of the host caused by several microbial agents that affect periodontal tissues and could have systemic implications.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to assess the correlation of COVID-19 infection and severity of periodontitis in subjects who has mild form of the disease as compared to subjects having moderate form of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 116 subjects suffering from COVID-19 that were equally divided into two groups, each based on a convenient sampling methodology. Group I had a moderate form of COVID that required hospitalization and Group II had a mild form of COVID and were treated at home. The stage of periodontal disease was assessed in both groups. Also, laboratory parameters such as level of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), D-dimer, vitamin D, and lymphocytes were also assessed. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results:
More than 75% of subjects in both groups were non-smokers. Subjects having more than one comorbid condition were more in number in Group I (51.7%) as compared to Group II (24%). Severe periodontitis (stages 2–4) was found in 81% of subjects in Group I and 46.2% of subjects in Group II [Figure 1]. The odds of getting severe periodontal disease were 6.32 times more in subjects belonging to Group I as compared to Group II. Subjects having more than one comorbid condition were 4.43 times at risk of severe periodontitis as compared to subjects with no co-morbidity

Conclusion:
Severe form of periodontal disease was associated with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection and levels of lymphocytes, WBCs, and CRP were elevated in subjects belonging to Group I.
Epidemiological trend and clinical profile of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sherwal Banke L. , Makkar Namrata , Jain Ajeet , Dogra Vikas , Prasad Shaleen , Jain Ragi , Gupta Aarti , Gulati Smita , Bhattar Sonali , Sharma Vikas , Saxena Shikhar , Das Payel , Bargotya Mona 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To study the epidemiological characteristics of the pandemic by describing the clinical profile of the COVID-19 patients presenting to a super specialty hospital

Methods:
This was a descriptive study using medical records of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between 17th March and 15th January 2021 while maintaining confidentiality. The clinical and demographic data of all the patients were entered in a Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21 software. Regression analysis was performed and a P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant

Results:
A total of 3534 patients were enrolled in this study aged 9–96 years. Among patients with symptoms, fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms, while 5.6% of the patients were asymptomatic. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (37%), while no comorbidities were present in 43.0% of the participants and this was statistically significant for age (P = 0.000). Among patient outcomes, >50% of patients were in home isolation, while 11% of patients had a fatal outcome. Elder age group had a higher proportion of expiry among outcomes (P <= 0.001). Most patients had a hospital stay of 9–11 days. A total of 63 health workers were included with male: female ratio being 3.5:1

Conclusion:
Our study reflects that majority of the positive cases that presented to the hospital had mild/moderate symptoms. We believe that appropriate triaging of patients followed by early institution of medicine and good critical care services may help to control this epidemic.
Attitude, knowledge, and barriers towards research analysis and writing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albumijdad Jafar Radhi , Alismail Abdulmonem Saleh , Albesher Muslem Adel , Alhajri Abdulmohsin Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Conducting research requires the integration of certain levels of practice and knowledge, together with the right attitude. This study aimed to investigate the attitude, knowledge, and barriers regarding research analysis and writing among medical residents in Saudi Arabia

Methods:
This was an online-based cross-sectional study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Our targeted population was Saudi medical residents who were enrolled in the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. Data were analyzed and compared to determine associations between the patients’ demographics and attitude, knowledge, and barriers

Results:
A total of 218 participants were ultimately included in the present study, with a mean age of 29 (± 2.6) years, and most participants (63.3%) had a previous research publication. Specialty and level of residency were the only significant factors that were associated with attitude (P = 0.023 and 0.046, respectively). Specialty and having previously published a research paper were the only factors that were associated with the knowledge scores (P = 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively). On the contrary, specialty was the only significant factor that was associated with barriers scores (P = 0.001). Regarding attitude scores, most residents (60.1%) had 26%–50%, while only 0.9% had >75% of the total score. Regarding knowledge scores, 38.1% of residents had ≤25% and only 7.8% had >75% of the total scores. Regarding barriers, most residents (73.4%) had 26%–50%, while none had >75% of the total scores

Conclusion:
Reduced awareness regarding research methodology in our population implies that further education measures should be undertaken.
Metabolic derangements with olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
Authors: Rikhari Praveen , Kumar Ashutosh , Agrawal Prabhat , Kumar Harendra 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are common disorders often requiring long-term treatment with atypical antipsychotics, which might cause metabolic dysfunctions. We aimed to study the metabolic dysfunctions with olanzapine and risperidone in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. We also explored the incidence of new-onset metabolic syndrome and its predictors

Methods:
This was a 24-week prospective observational study conducted at a teaching hospital in North India. The patients were prescribed olanzapine or risperidone. Anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, weight, body mass index, blood pressure) and biochemical investigations (triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, fasting plasma glucose) were recorded at baseline and after 24 weeks. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation definition. Statistical tests used were Fisher’s exact test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and logistic regression

Results:
A total of 45 patients, 30 on olanzapine and 15 on risperidone completed the study. Statistically significant changes occurred in all variables with olanzapine while with risperidone statistically significant changes occurred in all variables except waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose. Statistically greater changes in mean values between the two were noted only for high-density lipoprotein with olanzapine. 20% of patients developed metabolic syndrome with non-significant between drug differences. Baseline triglyceride predicted the development of the metabolic syndrome

Conclusions:
Olanzapine and risperidone cause metabolic derangements and statistically significant differences may not exist between them. Baseline triglyceride levels might predict subsequent metabolic syndrome.
Effect of night shift on development of metabolic syndrome among health care workers
Authors: Bahinipati Jyotirmayee , Sarangi Rajlaxmi , Pathak Mona , Mohapatra Srikrushna 
Published: May 2022

Circadian desynchronization, sleep deprivation, changes in eating habit, and lack of physical activity resulting in an increase in pro-inflammatory markers in night shift health care workers is associated with various risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to estimate the pro-inflammatory markers in night shift work and find its relationship with different criteria of metabolic syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 303 participants were recruited for the study. Demographic data and parameters pertaining to the development of metabolic syndrome were taken. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs CRP) as proinflammatory marker was analyzed. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were estimated. Criteria for metabolic syndrome were taken according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines.

Results:
Night shift workers had higher hs CRP compared to day shift workers. TG and FBS were increased significantly (P < 0.001). A total of 6.5% of the night shift workers had a waist circumference greater than 40 inches. It was observed that night shift workers with higher hsCRP had significantly high waist circumference (P < 0.001) and FBS (P < 0.05). A total of 3.57% of the night shift workers were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome with three criteria positive.

Conclusion:
Night shift work is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory markers and the development of risk factors leading to metabolic syndrome. Thus, early screening and management of risk factors among night shift health care workers may improve their health status and prevent the development of MS.
A clinical study of fetal outcome following early and delayed cord clamping in births associated with anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Singh Lata , Singh Dhirendra P. , Deepika  , Raghunandan Chitra , Dhoat Navdeep 
Published: May 2022

Background:
As there is a risk for infant anaemia, early cord clamping which is usually performed at 10-15 seconds of delivery was changed to delayed cord clamping for at least for 30 seconds Delayed cord clamping (DCC) increases the blood volume and haemoglobin levels in newborns and reduces risk of iron deficiency anaemia in both term and preterm infants.Early clamping allows cord blood collection in benefit for transplantation of stem cells.

Research Objective:
To compare levels of haemoglobin, hematocrit and serum ferritin at birth and 4 weeks of age in babies as well as neonatal outcome following early and delayed cord clamping in births associated with anaemia in pregnancy.

Study Design:
An observational study.

Participants:
Anaemic pregnant women with period of gestation 32-40 weeks admitted in labour room for delivery were enrolled. Intervention: Grouping of the patients was done according to the timing of the umbilical cord clamping. 1. Early cord clamping (< 60 seconds) 2. Delayed cord clamping (1 – 3 minutes) Of which 58 subjects were in ECC (early cord clamping)and 62 were in DCC (delayed cord clamping)group

Results:
There was no significance of ECC or DCC in developing polycythemia, IVH or hyperbilirubinemia or increased need of blood transfusion. The levels of haemoglobin, hematocrit and ferritin levels were showing significant increased among DCC as compared to ECC

Conclusion:
Delayed cord clamping significantly increases the levels of haemoglobin, Serum ferritin and hematocrit at 4 weeks of age. It should be recommended in routine practice where it is not contraindicated especially in resource- poor settings.
Use of custom fabricated surgical jig to improve surgical outcomes in open reduction internal fixation of unilateral orbital fractures
Authors: Baviskar Padmakar S. , Natarajan Srivalli 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of virtual planning and surgical guide jig to improve surgical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation with restoration and correction of orbital volume (OV) in unilateral orbital wall fractures.

METHODS:
Fifteen patients with unilateral orbital fractures were assessed with ophthalmologic and radiographic parameters. The orbit was divided into three zones on computed tomography to localize defects. Fractures were coded into Fx Mx Rx Lx (F = Orbital Floor, M = Medial Wall, L = Lateral wall, R = Orbital Roof) based on pattern and specific wall involved. 1-mm sections were used to make stereolithographic models, design the custom fabricated surgical jig for intraoperative use as a guide.

RESULTS:
Pre- and postoperative ophthalmological parameters, OV, were compared with the contralateral normal orbit serving as the reference. Postoperative ophthalmological parameters showed significant improvement in terms of visual acuity, enophthalmos, dystopia, and traumatic optic neuropathy. OV changes were concentrated in Zones 2 and 3. OV showed adequate restoration postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:
The surgical jig served as an efficient guide to improve surgical outcomes of open reduction internal fixation. Preplanned intraoperative positioning helped achieve adequate anatomical reduction and fixation with an adequate reconstruction of OV aiding the effective transfer of virtual surgical plan on the table with improved surgical outcomes in clinical performance and functional restitution.
Clinical trial registration: The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) Registration No.: CTRI/2019/11/021929.
Self-regurgitation on pressure over lacrimal sac in cases of primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Alam Md. S. , Singh Parinita , Amitava Abadan K. , Ali Mohammad J. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
To analyze the correlation between patient-reported regurgitation on pressure over lacrimal sac (ROPLAS) with the physician's examination in diagnosing primary-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was done over 5 months (March–July 2018). All cases diagnosed as PANDO were included in the study. The maneuver of pressing over the lacrimal sac area and noticing the egress of mucoid or clear fluid from the surrounding area by the patient was termed as self-ROPLAS. A specific patient history of performance of this maneuver was compared with a clinician-performed ROPLAS and subsequent objective lacrimal drainage evaluation. The various reasons for performing self-ROPLAS by the patients were documented.

RESULTS:
A total of 134 patients were included in the study, out of which 59 (44.02%) were males and 75 (55.9%) were females. History of self-ROPLAS was present in 64 (47.8%) of the patients, whereas the physician examination revealed ROPLAS to be positive in 92 (68.6%) of the patients. All patients (100%) with a positive history of self-ROPLAS had nasolacrimal duct obstruction on subsequent examination. The most common reason for performing self-ROPLAS was for emptying the discharge from the medial canthal region to reduce the painless swelling.

CONCLUSION:
Self-ROPLAS is highly suggestive of an obstructed nasolacrimal duct and can be used as a screening tool by the primary physician to triage the patients toward ophthalmic plastic clinics or consult.
Ocular adnexal metastases from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Magan Tejal , Pradeep Tejus , Tuluc Madalina , Bilyk Jurij R. , Milman Tatyana 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to review the clinical presentation, systemic work-up, and outcomes of all previously reported ocular adnexal (OA) metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

METHODS:
This was a literature review. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for all well-documented cases of OA metastases from RCC.

RESULTS:
Final analysis identified 44 patients with either biopsy-confirmed (41/44, 93%) or treatment response-documented (3/44, 6%) OA metastases from RCC. Thirty-four (77%) patients were male. The median age was 60 years (mean: 60, range: 22–87 years). The most common presenting signs were proptosis (19/44, 43%) and OA mass (14/44, 32%). Metastases most frequently involved the orbital bones (10/44, 23%) and adjacent extraconal fat, extending from the sinonasal tract in 7/10 (70%) of these cases. OA metastases were initial manifestation of RCC in 18/44 (41%) patients. At the time of primary tumor diagnosis, 22 of 30 (73%) patients had American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV disease with metastases to 2 or more sites in 13 (57%) patients. Seventeen of 42 (40%) patients underwent local therapy only, which most commonly included excision/exenteration with margin control (10/17, 59%). Twenty-five of 42 (60%) patients had systemic therapy, which included biologic agents and chemotherapy. The absolute 5-year survival rate was 66% with significantly improved survival in patients reported after 2006 (92% vs. 42%, P = 0.04) and in those with isolated OA metastases (100% vs. 27%, P = 0.02) at 30 months.

CONCLUSION:
Although RCC metastases to OA occur in a setting of advanced disease, the recent advances in diagnostic modalities and targeted therapies resulted in improved survival.
Infrared spectroscopy chemometric model for determination of phenolic content of plant leaf powder
Authors: Wulandari Lestyo , Rahmadania Tyas Putri , Kristiningrum Nia 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The leaf is the part of the plant often used in traditional medicine because it is rich in one class of secondary metabolite compounds, namely phenolic compounds.
Objectives: This study aims to establish a chemometric model for determining the phenolic content of plant leaf powders using the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) method with a combination of chemometrics.
Methods: The dried and powdered plant leaves were scanned using FTIR and NIR spectroscopy. Spectra were used to form calibration models. The calibration models were Partial Least Square (PLS), Principal Component Regression (PCR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The selected calibration model was validated using LOOCV and external cross-validation. The best calibration model was PCR, with R2 and RMSEC values of FTIR and NIR of 0.9918885; 0.9752648 and 0.8675906; 1.5150245, respectively.
Results: The results of the Paired-Sample T-test analysis of actual samples determined by the selected calibration model compared to the comparison method showed no significant difference.
Low-Income Students, Human Development and Higher Education in South Africa: Opportunities, obstacles and outcomes
Authors: Walker Melanie , McLean Monica , Mathebula Mikateko , Mukwambo Patience 
Published: May 2022

This book explores learning outcomes for low-income rural and township youth at five South African universities. The book is framed as a contribution to southern and Africa-centred scholarship, adapting Amartya Sen’s capability approach and a framework of key concepts: capabilities, functionings, context, conversion factors, poverty and agency to investigate opportunities and obstacles to achieved student outcomes. This approach allows a reimagining of ‘inclusive learning outcomes’ to encompass the multi-dimensional value of a university education and a plurality of valued cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes for students from low-income backgrounds whose experiences are strongly shaped by hardship.
Based on capability theorising and student voices, the book proposes for policy and practice a set of contextual higher education capability domains and corresponding functionings orientated to more justice and more equality for each person to have the opportunities to be and to do what they have reason to value. The book concludes that sufficient material resources are necessary to get into university and flourish while there; the benefits of a university education should be rich and multi-dimensional so that they can result in functionings in all areas of life as well as work and future study; the inequalities and exclusion of the labour market and pathways to further study must be addressed by wider economic and social policies for ‘inclusive learning outcomes’ to be meaningful; and that universities ought to be doing more to enable black working-class students to participate and succeed.
Low-Income Students, Human Development and Higher Education in South Africamakes an original contribution to capabilitarian scholarship: conceptually in theorising a South-based multi-dimensional student well-being higher education matrix and a rich reconceptualisation of learning outcomes, as well as empirically by conducting rigorous, longitudinal in-depth mixed-methods research on students’ lives and experiences in higher education in South Africa. The audience for the book includes higher education researchers, international capabilitarian scholars, practitioners and policy-makers.
PULMONARY TUBERCUOLOSIS MORTALITY ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN REGION OF BRAZIL, 2015 TO 2020
Authors: Astigarraga Abreu Renatha , Alves Coimbra Chaves João Gabriel , Tavares Lucas Pereira , Emanuela Santos Flavia , Molinari Pereira Heloisa , Alcantara Sousa Luiz Vinicius de 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To analyze data on mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis and to analyze the incidence for the years 2015 to 2020 in the southeastern region of Brazil. Methods: Ecological descriptive study which data collection consisted of all deaths and hospitalizations for Pulmonary Tuberculosis registered in the Unified Health System, available on the DATASUS. Results: During the years studied, in the Southeastern Region cases of hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis were predominantly higher among men and it is also noted that the age group with the highest number of hospitalizations is between 40 and 59 years old. There was a greater increase in these rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro (B= 4.57; p* =315; r²= 0.24), followed by São Paulo ( β= 8.05; p*= 132; r²= 0.47), and Espírito Santo (β= 0.54; p*= 218; r²= 0.34). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that there was an increase in mortality rates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Southeastern Region Brazil.