Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19: health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA
Authors: Hemmelder Marc H , Noordzij Marlies , Vart Priya , Hilbrands Luuk B , Jager Kitty J , Abrahams Alferso C , Arroyo David , Battaglia Yuri , Ekart Robert , Mallamaci Francesca , Malloney Sharon-Rose , Oliveira Joao , Rydzewski Andrzej , Sridharan Sivakumar , Vogt Liffert , Duivenvoorden Raphaël , Gansevoort Ron T , Franssen Casper F M ,   ERACODA Collaborators, van der Net Jeroen B , Essig Marie , du Buf-Vereijken Peggy W G , van Ginneken Betty , Maas Nanda , van Jaarsveld Brigit C , Bemelman Frederike J , Klingenberg-Salahova Farah , Heenan-Vos Frederiek , Vervloet Marc G , Nurmohamed Azam , Abramowicz Daniel , Verhofstede Sabine , Maoujoud Omar , Malfait Thomas , Fialova Jana , Melilli Edoardo , Favà Alexandre , Cruzado Josep M , Perez Nuria Montero , Lips Joy , Krepel Harmen , Adilovic Harun , Hengst Maaike , Konings Constantijn J A M , Braconnier Philippe , Weis Daniel , Gellert Ryszard , Alferes Daniela G , Radulescu Daniela , Zakharova Elena V , Ambuehl Patrice Max , Guidotti Rebecca , Walker Andrea , Lepeytre Fanny , Rabaté Clémentine , Rostoker Guy , Marques Sofia , Azasevac Tijana , Majstorovic Gordana Strazmester , Katicic Dajana , ten Dam Marc , Krüger Thilo , Brzosko Szymon , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Zanen Adriaan L , Logtenberg Susan J J , Fricke Lutz , Kuryata Olexandr , Slebe Jeroen J P , ElHafeez Samar Abd , Kemlin Delphine , van de Wetering Jacqueline , Reinders Marlies E J , Hesselink Dennis A , van Gestel J Kal- , Eiselt Jaromir , Kielberger Lukas , El-Wakil Hala S , Verhoeven Martine A M , Logan Ian , Canal Cristina , Facundo Carme , Ramos Ana M , Debska-Slizien Alicja , Veldhuizen Nicoline M H , Tigka Eirini , Konsta Maria Anna Polyzou , Panagoutsos Stylianos , Postorino Adele , Cambareri Francesco , Matceac Irina , Nistor Ionut , Covic Adrian , Groeneveld J H M , Jousma Jolanda , van Buren Marjolijn , Diekmann Fritz , Oppenheimer Federico , Blasco Miquel , Pereira Tiago Assis , Soares dos Santos Augusto Cesar , Arias-Cabrales Carlos , Crespo Marta , Llinàs-Mallol Laura , Buxeda Anna , Tàrrega Carla Burballa , Redondo-Pachon Dolores , Jimenez Maria Dolores Arenas , Mendoza-Valderrey Alberto , Martins Ana Cristina , Mateus Catarina , Alvila Goncalo , Laranjinha Ivo , Hofstra Julia M , Siezenga Machiel A , Franco Antonio , Castellano Sandra , Rodríguez-Ferrero Maria Luisa , Manzanos Sagrario Balda , Barrios R Haridian Sosa , Lemahieu Wim , Bartelet Karlijn , Dirim Ahmet Burak , Demir Erol , Sever Mehmet Sukru , Turkmen Aydin , Şafak Seda , Hollander Daan A M J , Kerckhoffs Angele , Büttner Stefan , de Vries Aiko P J , Meziyerh Soufian , van der Helm Danny , Mallat Marko , Bouwsma Hanneke , Petruliene Kristina , Verberk Iris , van der Sande Frank M , Christiaans Maarten H L , Kumar N. Mohan , Luca Marina Di , Tuğlular Serhan Z , Kramer Andrea , Beerenhout Charles , Luik Peter T , Kerschbaum Julia , Tiefenthaler Martin , Watschinger Bruno , Adema Aaltje Y , Stepanov Vadim A , Zulkarnaev Alexey B , Turkmen Kultigin , Gandolfini Ilaria , Maggiore Umberto , Fliedner Anselm , Åsberg Anders , Mjoen Geir , Miyasato Hitoshi , de Fijter Carola W H , Mongera Nicola , Pini Stefano , de Biase Consuelo , Els van de Logt Anne , Maas Rutger , Lebedeva Olga , Lopez Veronica , Reichert Louis J M , Verhave Jacobien , Titov Denis , Parshina Ekaterina V , Zanoli Luca , Marcantoni Carmelita , van Kempen Gijs , van Gils-Verrij Liesbeth E A , Harty John C , Meurs Marleen , Myslak Marek , Lentini Paolo , den Deurwaarder Edwin , Stendahl Maria , Rahimzadeh Hormat , Schouten Marcel , Rychlik Ivan , Cabezas-Reina Carlos J , Roca Ana Maria , Nauta Ferdau , Sahin İdris , Goffin Eric , Kanaan Nada , Labriola Laura , Devresse Arnaud , Diaz-Mareque Anabel , Coca Armando , de Arriba Gabriel , Meijers Björn K I , Naesens Maarten , Kuypers Dirk , Desschans Bruno , Tonnerlier Annelies , Wissing Karl M , Dedinska Ivana , Pessolano Giuseppina , Malik Shafi , Dounousi Evangelia , Papachristou Evangelos , Berger Stefan P , Meijer Esther , Sanders Jan Stephan F , Özyilmaz Akin , Ponikvar Jadranka Buturović , Pernat Andreja Marn , Kovac Damjan , Arnol Miha , Molenaar Femke M , van Zuilen Arjan D , Meijvis Sabine C A , Dolmans Helma , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Esposito Pasquale , Krzesinski Jean-Marie , Barahira Jean Damacène , Gallieni Maurizio , Martin-Moreno Paloma Leticia , Guglielmetti Gabriele , Guzzo Gabriella , Toapanta Nestor , Soler Maria Jose , Luik Antinus J , van Kuijk Willi H M , Stikkelbroeck Lonneke W H , Hermans Marc M H , Rimsevicius Laurynas , Righetti Marco , Islam Mahmud , Heitink-ter Braak Nicole 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis.

Methods
We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results
In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8–6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome.

Conclusions
Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis.