bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Reservoir Storage Effectively Utilized in the Southeastern US? A Regional Assessment to Improve Water Supply Availability Considering Potential Storage and Flood Scenarios
Authors: Levey J. R. , Sankarasubramanian A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost of the world's population faces freshwater scarcity threats, and reservoirs, built both for ensuring water supply during prolonged droughts and reducing downstream flood risks, are critical infrastructure for water sustainability. Historical inflow data and water demand were used to estimate reservoir storage allocation and operation policies when designing and building reservoirs, 50–100 years ago. This study assesses historical reservoir operations in 16 Southeastern reservoirs and evaluates the potential for utilizing existing flood control storage for alternative purposes without increasing downstream flood risk. Using a reservoir simulation model, we evaluate the resulting storage under four initial storage conditions for observed and synthetic seasonal maximum 6‐day flood pulses. For most reservoirs, we find conservation storage is depleting and did not exceed the flood storage capacity in their historical operation. The simulation model resulted in most of the reservoirs' storage levels staying within the flood control pool for all scenarios (for observed and synthetic floods). Additional flood risk was lowest for initial storage condition 1 (flood control pool empty) and highest with condition 2 (50% of the flood control pool full). Flood risk increased the most for reservoirs with small ratios of flood control to conservation pool storage. Our study shows the potential for reallocation and utilization of flood control storage to meet the increasing demand. As limited opportunities for new reservoirs exist, utilizing current reservoir storage without introducing additional downstream risk may be an effective management strategy to mitigate flood and drought risk under climate change and population growth.
A Holocene Paleosecular Variation Record From the Northwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Truax Olivia J. , Nelson Faye , Riesselman Christina R. , Ohneiser Christian , Lee Jae Il , Yoo Kyu‐Cheul , Dagg Bob , Wilson Gary 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present a mid‐to‐late Holocene record of relative paleosecular variation from the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. The 6,700‐year‐long record of inclination, declination, and relative paleointensity from a marine sediment core collected near Cape Adare is independently dated using a combination of ramped pyrolysis oxidation and carbonate radiocarbon dates. Agreement between the large‐scale features of the relative paleointensity record and the virtual axial geomagnetic dipole moment suggests that changes in the record are dominated by the dipole component of the Earth's geomagnetic field. Correspondence between the record and a non‐independently dated reconstruction from the Antarctic Peninsula indicates regionally coherent changes in the geomagnetic field intensity in the southern high latitudes during the mid‐to‐late Holocene. The prominent features of the record serve as stratigraphic markers for hard‐to‐date Antarctic sedimentary records and a constraint on Holocene geomagnetic field behavior when incorporated into the next generation of geomagnetic field models.
The Thermodynamics of the 2023 Gulf of Mexico Marine Heatwave
Authors: Bailey Shanice T. , Drake Henri F. , Gruenburg Laura K. , Abernathey Ryan P. , Torres Mariana I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to understand the mechanisms of the activation and evolution of the marine heatwave (MHW) that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) during summer 2023. We quantified contributions of the thermodynamic processes that transformed surface waters in the GoM into an unprecedented large volume of extremely warm water . Through water mass transformation analysis of reanalyses data, we find that the genesis of this MHW was due to the compounding effect of anomalously warm winter surface water priming the region for a MHW, coupled with greater exposure to strong solar radiation. Transformation due to total surface fluxes (sensible and latent heat, solar and longwave radiation) contributed to the MHW volume at a peak rate of 17.0 Sv ( = Sv), while the residual term (including mixing) countered the effect by 22.3 Sv at its peak. Total transformation during this 2023 MHW peaked at 4.9 Sv.
Changing Earth‐Sun Distance Drifts Global Circulation Patterns
Authors: Yang Hu , Liu Yufei , Pinho Tainã M. L. , Shi Xiaoxu , Zhong Yi , Liu Qingsong , Lohmann Gerrit , Liu Jiping , Zhang Jingyu , Zheng Xufeng , Chen Dake 
Published: February 2025

AbstractModern observations reveal that large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere circulation (OAC) is drifting toward higher latitudes under global warming. Paleoclimate proxies indicate that similar OAC drifts occurred on orbital timescale as well. However, the characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by conducting simulations with different Earth's orbits, we investigate how changes in Earth‐Sun distance affect the OAC. We find that a closer Earth‐Sun distance (perihelion) causes a poleward drift of OAC. This drift in circulation is dynamically consistent with displacement of meridional temperature gradient. Precession alters the perihelion season on orbital timescales, leading to a seasonal poleward drift in OAC. This drift is amplified during the hemispheric summer, reaching magnitudes of 10° under high eccentricity. The identified OAC drifts reshape the seasonality of precipitation and temperature over land, as well as ocean upwelling and downwelling, ultimately affecting the distribution of Earth's terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
Jupiter's Auroral Ionosphere: Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations of Energetic Electron Precipitation Events
Authors: Bhattacharya Ananyo , Waite J. Hunter , Levin Steven M. , Oyafuso Fabiano A. , Steffes Paul G. , Lu Yue , Gladstone G. Randall , Kammer Joshua , Nordheim Tom A. , Paranicas Chris , Cravens Thomas , Sinclair James , Hu Jiheng , Li Cheng , Atreya Sushil K. , Becker Heidi N. , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractJupiter's polar aurora exhibits low brightness temperatures in Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observations when the Juno spacecraft passes over the high‐latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere. These cold features are observed predominantly at 0.6 GHz and show both long‐term hours and short‐term changes over time, that is, spans less than the 30‐s spacecraft spin period. The MWR “cold spot” observations are associated with polar ultraviolet emission features that are thought to originate from high energy electron precipitation into the Jovian high latitude atmosphere. The energetic electron precipitation produces strong absorptive characteristics at microwave frequencies due to the transient formation of high‐density electron regions in the lower stratosphere. In this paper, we describe progress on the analysis of Juno MWR observations of the northern aurora and simulate the effects of heating and electron impact ionization processes due to high energy particle precipitation events in Jupiter's auroral ionosphere. Electron precipitation intensities at energies up to 10 MeV inferred from the Jupiter Energetic‐Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) and Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) instruments are used as a Northern Hemisphere case study to understand the energy deposition and ionization processes in the lower stratosphere, and subsequently used to estimate the microwave and ultraviolet opacity of the auroral region. The northward progression of Juno's perijove during the mission reduces the overflight altitude and allows important insights into effects produced at different length scales with respect to the auroral oval.
Microcavity optomechanical magnetometry with picotesla-sensitivity
Authors: Cai Zhaoyu , Bao Chengying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new microcavity magnetometry with FeGaB thin film achieves 1.68 pT/Hz1/2 sensitivity, which is two orders of magnitude improvement over previous work. Corona current detection has been demonstrated using this magnetometer.
Omega and heart rate variability in overweight and obese schoolchildren
Authors: Ibrahim Hoda Atef Abdelsattar , Sobhi Rodina , Khaled Farouk Nouran , Mohamed AbdelAziz Faten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Overweight and obese children are risky for developing chronic cardiovascular disorders. Heart rate variability is a valuable indicator of the cardiovascular health.

Aim
To outline the impact of supplementation of omega-3 on the variability of the heart rate.

Methods
A randomized interventional control study has been done on 60 overweight and obese children; 30 children were assigned to the interventional group who received omega-3 with the standard recommendations and 30 children were assigned to the control group who received the standard recommendations only. Resting 10 min Holter ECG was done at the start and after 3 months of omega-3 supplementation in both groups to observe and compare the difference in the heart rate variability. In addition, lipid profiles were investigated and compared.

Results
Difference in measures of the heart rate variability; RMSSD, SDNN, and pNN50 were increased significantly in cases compared to the controls (P value = 0.017, 0.009, and 0.043 respectively). Differences in measures of the lipid profiles differed only in triglycerides which decreased significantly in cases and HDL which increased significantly in the cases (P value = 0.006, 0.005 respectively).

Conclusion
Our results suggested that omega-3 supplementation might improve cardiovascular health in overweight and obese children.

Impact

This study discloses the importance of supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids as a cardioprotective dietary supplement.

Omega-3 fatty acids can improve heart rate variability in overweight and obese children.

Omega-3 fatty acids can also improve the lipid profiles in overweight and obese children.
Cannabinoid-2 receptor depletion promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via disturbing gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism
Authors: Cheng Wei-ting , Pei Si-ya , Wu Jie , Wang Yan-jie , Yang Yong-wen , Xiao Mei-fang , Chen Jun , Wang Yuan-yuan , Wu Li , Huang Ze-bing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver damage starting with liver steatosis and lipid disorders presented as the hallmark. Cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) is the receptor of endocannabinoids mainly expressed in immune cells. Our preliminary study revealed the preventative role of CB2R in liver injury related to lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of CB2R in NAFLD and the underlying mechanism related to microbial community. High-fat diet-induced NAFLD model was established in mice. We found that hepatic CB2R expression was significantly reduced in NAFLD mice and CB2R–/– mice fed with normal chow. Interestingly, cohousing with or transplanted with microbiota from WT mice, or treatment with an antibiotic cocktail ameliorated the NAFLD phenotype of CB2R–/– mice. The gut dysbiosis in CB2R–/– mice including increased Actinobacteriota and decreased Bacteroidota was similar to that of NAFLD patients and NAFLD mice. Microbial functional analysis and metabolomics profiling revealed obviously disturbed tryptophan metabolism in NAFLD patients and NAFLD mice, which were also seen in CB2R–/– mice. Correlation network showed that the disordered tryptophan metabolites such as indolelactic acid (ILA) and xanthurenic acid in CB2R-/- mice were mediated by gut dysbiosis and related to NAFLD severity indicators. In vitro and in vivo validation experiments showed that the enriched tryptophan metabolites ILA aggravated NAFLD phenotypes. These results demonstrate the involvement of CB2R in NAFLD, which is related to gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan metabolites. Our findings highlight CB2R and the associated microbes and tryptophan metabolites as promising targets for the treatment of NAFLD.
Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Huang Jiewu , Meng Ping , Liang Ye , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Shan , Li Jiemei , Wang Xiaoxu , Miao Jinhua , Shen Weiwei , Zhou Lili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is in rapid prevalence nowadays. Of note, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. Several reports showed a cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein, might be involved in AKI. However, its role in AKI has not been clearly clarified. Herein, we found CD44 increased in renal tubules in AKI mice. Gene ablation of CD44 improved mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) function, further protecting against tubular cell death and kidney injury. Conversely, ectopic CD44 impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and exacerbated tubular cell apoptosis to aggravate AKI progression. From transcriptome sequencing, we found that CD44 induces mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB p65 signaling. Lipidomics also showed that CD44 interfered with multiple aspects of lipid metabolism. We deeply investigated NF-κB p65 inhibited the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. CD44 also facilitated iron intake to assist cell ferroptosis. Hence, our study provided a new mechanism for AKI, and demonstrated that targeted inhibition on CD44 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to resist AKI.
Lactylation in cancer: metabolic mechanism and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Sui Ying , Shen Ziyang , Wang Zhenling , Feng Jifeng , Zhou Guoren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent progress in cancer metabolism research has identified lactylation as a critical post-translational modification influencing tumor development and progression. The process relies on lactate accumulation and the activation of lactate-sensitive acyltransferases. Beyond its role in epigenetic regulation, lactylation has emerged as a significant factor in tumor metabolism and evolution, offering fresh opportunities for developing targeted therapies that transcend traditional approaches. This review explores the growing importance of lactylation in cancer biology and highlights its potential for advancing diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
Gender and ethnic diversity in randomised clinical trials in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Ibrahim Farah NI , Sivaprasad Sobha , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of diversity in pivotal randomised clinical trials (RCTs). This is vital to ensure the validity and applicability of the results in the clinical setting. In this review, we aim to assess the inclusion of females and minoritized groups in recent RCTs in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and explore any potential barriers to their enrolment. Overall, a female predominance was observed among the AMD RCTs while less than half of the study population in DMO trials were females. White participants made up the majority of the study population in both AMD and DMO trials. Gender distribution within minoritized groups has only been reported in a few trials but appears lower than in the white population. This disparity may be attributable to the difference in the prevalence of diseases between these subgroups, as well as social and/ or cultural reasons. Nonetheless, there has been an overall increase in representation of minoritized groups over the past two decades. These observations provide important perspectives to consider when applying clinical trial learnings to clinical settings.
Expanding protected area coverage for migratory birds could improve long-term population trends
Authors: Border Jennifer A. , Pearce-Higgins James W. , Hewson Chris M. , Howard Christine , Stephens Philip A. , Willis Stephen G. , Fuller Richard A. , Hanson Jeffrey O. , Sierdsema Henk , Foppen Ruud P. B. , Brotons Lluís , Gargallo Gabriel , Fink Daniel , Baillie Stephen R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Populations of many migratory taxa have been declining over recent decades. Although protected areas are a cornerstone for conservation, their role in protecting migratory species can be incomplete due to the dynamic distributions of these species. Here, we use a pan-European citizen science bird occurrence dataset (EurobirdPortal) with Spatiotemporal Exploratory Modelling to assess how the weekly distributions of 30 passerine and near passerine species overlap with protected areas in Europe and compare this to range adjusted policy protection targets. Thirteen of our 30 species were inadequately covered by protected areas for some, or all, of the European part of their annual cycle under a target based on the 2020 Convention on Biodiversity framework and none were adequately covered under a target based on the 2030 Convention on Biodiversity framework. Species associated with farmland had the lowest percentage of their weekly distribution protected. The percentage of a species’ distribution within protected areas was positively correlated with its long-term population trend, even after accounting for confounding factors, suggesting a positive influence of protected areas on long-term trends. This emphasises the positive contribution that an informed expansion of the European protected area system could play for the future conservation of migratory land birds.
Predicting three-dimensional chaotic systems with four qubit quantum systems
Authors: Steinegger Joel , Räth Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reservoir computing (RC) is among the most promising approaches for AI-based prediction models of complex systems. It combines superior prediction performance with very low CPU-needs for training. Recent results demonstrated that quantum systems are also well-suited as reservoirs in RC. Due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension obtained by increasing the number of quantum elements small quantum systems are already sufficient for time series prediction. Here, we demonstrate that three-dimensional systems can already well be predicted by quantum reservoir computing with a quantum reservoir consisting of the minimal number of qubits necessary for this task, namely four. This is achieved by optimizing the encoding of the data, using spatial and temporal multiplexing and recently developed read-out-schemes that also involve higher exponents of the reservoir response. We outline, test and validate our approach using eight prototypical three-dimensional chaotic systems. Both, the short-term prediction and the reproduction of the long-term system behavior (the system’s “climate”) are feasible with the same setup of optimized hyperparameters. Our results may be a further step towards the realization of a dedicated small quantum computer for prediction tasks in the NISQ-era.
Shedding light on dark taxa: exploring a cryptic diversity of parasitoid wasps affected by artificial light at night
Authors: Dietenberger Manuel , Jechow Andreas , Sann Manuela , Hölker Franz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) contributes to the globally observed insect decline. ALAN attracts nocturnal insects from their native ecosystems and disturbs their functions in the food web. Road lights in this context are ubiquitous and relevant ALAN sources that are often not considered in conservation approaches. In a previous study we showed that shielded LED road lights are suited to be part of conservation measures by effectively reducing the attraction of nocturnal insects. Here we show that this positive effect holds true for parasitoid wasps in an experimental BACI design (Before-After-Control-Impact). Combining morphological with molecular and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 106 individuals (62 morphotypes) of a minimum of 45 genera out of 13 Hymenoptera families. We were able to identify 21 species, 11 of which are newly reported in Southern Germany (Baden-Württemberg). Further combining knowledge on life history and host appearance from our data and the literature, we discuss potential impacts of ALAN ranging from an influence on nocturnal pollination via parasitoid pressure on moth species and biological control of invasive pest species to tritrophic interactions between primary and secondary parasitoids. We conclusively think that shielded LED road lights will reduce the ecological impact of ALAN on parasitoid wasps in a large and undescribed number of taxa with different host associations, likely affecting associated ecosystem functions such as biological control.
Palaeognath birds innovate to solve a novel foraging problem
Authors: Clark Fay E. , Burdass Jasmine , Kavanagh Annalise , King Annabel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ability to innovate implies flexible cognition, and is used as a broad metric of intelligence. Innovation in birds has been intensively studied in the larger and more taxonomically diverse Neognathae clade (particularly crows and parrots) and overlooked in the smaller and more ancestral Palaeognathae clade. The current study provides the first known evidence of technical innovation in palaeognath birds. We tested the ability of nine individuals of three species to move a hole towards a chamber to access a food reward. This problem was different to traditional innovation puzzle-boxes where an obstacle is moved away from a food chamber. Three emus and one rhea produced a wheel-turning innovation, moving the hole in the most efficient direction (closer to the nearest food item) in 90% of cases. One rhea dismantled the task twice by removing the central bolt, which we suggest is a second type of innovation, and it did not persist once they innovated the wheel turning solution. Ostriches did not innovate. We classify innovation in palaeognaths as low level/simplistic, relying on general exploration and asocial trial and error learning. Our research suggests that technical innovation may have evolved far earlier in birds than previously thought, and palaeognath birds are a compelling taxonomic group for further cognitive research.
Neurocognitive and brain structure correlates of reading and television habits in early adolescence
Authors: Rauschecker Andreas M. , Nedelec Pierre , Pan Simon , Olaru Maria , Nillo Ryan M. , Palmer Clare E. , Pecheva Diliana , Dale Anders M. , Jernigan Terry L. , Sugrue Leo P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Results of the impact of reading books and viewing television on neurodevelopment have been mixed, without definitive evaluation to date. Using data from 11,875 US adolescents in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we investigated the associations between reading and television viewing on brain morphology and neurocognitive performance. After quality control, 8,125 participants’ MRI scans and cognitive tests were analyzed in relation to their reading and TV habits. Greater reading time was associated with higher cognitive performance and regionally-selective increases in cortical area, while greater TV viewing had a much smaller association with lower cognitive performance and decreased cortical area. Regionally, areas of spatial overlap in associations included the lateral temporal, inferior parietal, and inferior frontal lobes, while significant associations in the ventral and inferior temporal cortex and cingulate cortex were unique to reading habits. These relationships persisted after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, genetic ancestry, and imaging factors. The magnitude of reading associations exceeded those of TV viewing and was similar to established contributions of parental income and education on neurodevelopment. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of how these behaviors correlate with early adolescent brain development across a large diverse population.