bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene by Fused Deposition Modeling: Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Method Analyses
Authors: Moradi Mahmoud , Beygi Reza , Mohd. Yusof Noordin , Amiri Ali , da Silva L. F. M. , Sharif Safian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was investigated based on statistical analysis via an optimization method. The present article discusses the influence of the layer thickness (LT), infill percentage (IP), and contours number (C) on the maximum failure load and elastic modulus of the final product of ABS. ABS is a low-cost manufacturing thermoplastic that can be easily fabricated, thermoformed, and machined. Chemical, stress, and creep resistance is all excellent in this thermoplastic material. ABS combines a good balance of impact, heat, chemical, and abrasion resistance with dimensional stability, tensile strength, surface hardness, rigidity, and electrical properties. To comprehend the impact of additive manufacturing parameters on the build quality, both artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface method (RSM) were used to model the data. The main characteristics of the build considered for modeling were ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus. Main effect plots and 3d plots were extracted from ANN and RSM models to analyze the process. The two models were compared in terms of their accuracy and capability to analyze the process. It was concluded that though ANN is more accurate in the prediction of the results, both tools can be used to model the mechanical properties of ABS formed by 3D printing. Both models yielded similar results and could effectively give the effect of each variable on the mechanical properties.
Impact of wire and arc additively manufactured workpiece geometry on the milling process
Authors: Fuchs Christina , Fritz Christian , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been given attention as a possibility to save material during the production of large-scale parts. Drawbacks of the WAAM process are the relatively low surface quality and the low form accuracies, which require post-processing of all functional surfaces. The milling process is researched as a post-processing option, especially to achieve high form accuracies. While several authors presented successful applications of the milling process, the difficulties of machining wire and arc manufactured parts (WAAM-parts) due to the part geometry have not yet been researched. In the present research, the impact of the WAAM-part geometry on the milling process was analyzed by machining three sets of samples, and guidelines for a milling strategy were developed. The results show that the geometry leads to modulated cutting forces, whose frequency, in turn, has to be considered for the milling setup. Additionally, the modulated cutting force leads to a periodically changing deflection resulting in a form deviation on the final workpiece.
An investigation into directional characteristics of the rocket plane in a tailless configuration
Authors: Kwiek Agnieszka , Figat Marcin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper embraces result of wind tunnel tests of a rocket plane designed to space tourism application. The rocket plane is designed in a tailless configuration with a leading edge extension (LEX) and side plates on the wing’s tip which work as all moving tail. Usually for such a concept of control, movable surfaces are position in a horizontal direction while in the considered concept there is no classical rudder, and the movable surfaces are mounted with a significant dihedral angle. The research was carried out in the subsonic closed circuit wind tunnel with an open test section. Moreover, MGAERO and PANUKL package were used for numerical computations. The first research question is to investigate how the configuration of the side plate affects the directional stability of the rocket plane. The second aim is to study the efficiency of the side plates deflected like an all moving tail for both low and high angles of attack. As a result of this investigation, the directional stability derivatives and the control derivatives were obtained. Finally, the experimental results were compared with numerical outcomes to establish does software with no full flow model can be applicable for design an aircraft with all moving tail in case of low of angles of attack.
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction, paleoecology and sequence stratigraphy of some Nummulites buildups in Egypt
Authors: Ayyat Abdalla M. El 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study deals with microfacies analysis, paleoecology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower–Middle Eocene rocks in central Nile Valley and west-central Sinai. Four rock units were marked (Minia, Darat, Samalut and Maghagha formations). Eight facies belts were interpreted including lagoon, back bank, main bank, fore bank and open marine outer bank facies and deposited on a gently dipping platform ramp. This ramp might be further divided to three main faunal associations depending on the depth of the water and associated fauna. Four major depositional sequences (DS1–DS4), reflecting third-order cycles and separated by two prominent sequence boundaries (SB1 and SB2) were marked. The record of these sequences reflects the changes in eustatic sea level plus the regional tectonism in the area. Every sequence includes facies associations, which constitute lowstand and/or transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Based on faunal elements and facies analysis, the water salinity, water temperature, nutrients, substrate, water depth and hydrodynamic behavior were discussed. The fine-grain size of the deposits, the loss of good connectedness and the occluding of theNummulitetests by other minerals could give rise to low reservoir potential. The sedimentation was affected by the tectonic activity of the Syrian orogeny. Moreover, both external and internal mechanisms have controlled the carbonate sedimentation, basin construction and sequence bounding surfaces.
Elucidating the Effect of Antenatal Corticosteroids in the Late Preterm Period
Authors: Upadhya Rekha , Bhavana Sai , Pai Muralidhar V. , Tahlan Shweta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim and Objective
To determine the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids given in the late preterm period.

Methodology
We conducted a retrospective case–control study on patients with singleton pregnancies who were at a risk of delivering in the late preterm period (34 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days). A total of 126 patients who had received antenatal corticosteroids (prenatal administration of either betamethasone or dexamethasone, minimum one dose) during the late preterm period were taken as cases, and 135 patients who had not received steroids antenatally due to various reasons, for example, who were clinically unstable, presented with active bleeding, non-reassuring foetal status that obligated an imminent delivery and those in active labour were included as controls. The various neonatal outcomes like APGAR score at one and five minutes, incidence of admission and duration of stay in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), respiratory morbidity, requirement of assisted ventilation, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) necrotizing enterocolitis, transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, use of surfactant, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, sepsis and neonatal mortality were compared between the two groups.

Results
The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable. There was a lower incidence of admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (15% vs. 26%, p = 0.05), respiratory distress syndrome (5% vs. 13%, p = 0.04), requirement of invasive ventilation (0% vs. 4%, p = 0.04) and hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy (24% vs. 39%, p = 0.02) in the babies of the group that received steroids compared to the control group. The rate of overall respiratory morbidity in the neonates was lowered after giving steroids (16% vs. 28%, p = 0.04). The incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoglycaemia, IVH, TTN, sepsis and mortality between the two groups was not significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Antenatal corticosteroids administered to patients between 34 and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation reduce respiratory morbidity, requirement of invasive ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy and the incidence of NICU admissions in the newborns.
Investigating the introduction of e-navigation and S-100 into bridge related operations: the impact over seafarers
Authors: Palma Valentino , Giglio Davide , Tei Alessio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present work is focused on analyzing how e-navigation will affect the daily work of seafarers involved in bridge-related operations. Within e-navigation, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is currently working in the development of the new standard (S-100) whose role is to guarantee a homogeneous management of the maritime domain data. S-100 is called to act as the Common Maritime Data Structure (CMDS), it represents the technical framework required to guarantee a wider and better use of maritime data. The mission of the standard is to create a common foundation that can be used for multiple purposes; meteorologists, physicists, and whoever is interested in developing maritime related products will refer to the same standard. Not having a homogeneous type of data processed with standardized procedures will allow a better combination and processing of maritime data. Considering the perspective of Hydrographic Offices, the objective of the present document is to analyze the impact which e-navigation will have over seafarers. The study is focused on the evaluation of the risks connected to S-100-based products and on the analysis of specific bridge operations. Considering that e-navigation products are still at their design phase, being aware of the consequences for the final users is essential to make S-100-based products more customer oriented and to allow seafarers who are involved in bridge operations to get familiar with this new technology.
Long non-coding RNA IGFBP7-AS1 accelerates the odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth by regulating IGFBP7 expression
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Ningxin , Xie Fei , Qin Man , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are attractive seed cells for dental tissue engineering. We identified the effect of the long noncoding RNA insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA IGFBP7-AS1) in vivo and its underlying mechanism during SHED odontogenic differentiation. IGFBP7-AS1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) were overexpressed using lentiviruses. IGFBP7 expression was knocked down with small interfering RNA. The effect of IGFBP7-AS1 in vivo was confirmed by animal experiments. The effect of IGFBP7 on SHED odontogenic differentiation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and western blotting. The relationship between IGFBP7-AS1 and IGFBP7 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–PCR and western blotting. IGFBP7-AS1 promoted SHED odontogenesis in vivo, and regulated the expression of the coding gene IGFBP7 positively. Inhibiting IGFBP7 led to suppress SHED odontogenic differentiation while IGFBP7 overexpression had the opposite effect. IGFBP7-AS1 enhanced the stability of IGFBP7. IGFBP7-AS1 promoted SHED odontogenic differentiation in vivo. The underlying mechanism may involve the enhancement of IGFBP7 stability. This may provide novel potential targets for dental tissue engineering.
Understanding Farmers’ Preferences Towards Insurance Schemes that Promote Biosecurity Best Management Practices
Authors: Mato-Amboage Rosa , Touza Julia , Soliño Mario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant pest and disease outbreaks, which occur with increasing frequency and intensity, cause catastrophic losses and threaten food security in many areas around the world. These impacts are expected to be exacerbated by climate change. Tackling this challenge requires mechanisms that ensure the financial security of farmers while incentivizing private biosecurity efforts to prevent future outbreaks. This study explored crop producers’ preferences for a subsidized insurance scheme as an instrument to manage novel biotic risks. Specifically, we developed a choice experiment to evaluate Spanish growers’ willingness to pay for a crop insurance product that promotes compliance with best biosecurity management practices. Our results show that while growers are willing to pay more for high coverage products that increase the resilience of crops to potential catastrophic outbreaks, there is neither a strong demand nor widespread availability of such tools. Farmers required reductions in premiums before undertaking risk prevention measures; they are more willing to pay for schemes that link their eligibility to access to ad hoc funds in the eventuality of a catastrophic outbreak than they are to purchase insurance. Our findings also suggest that Spanish growers prefer expanding the eligible risks covered by insurance and envisage a role for insurance in offering biosecurity protection.
Impacts of differential mosquito control treatment regimens on insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Parker-Crockett Casey , Lloyd Aaron , Ramirez Daviela , Connelly C. Roxanne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is an invasive mosquito species and notable vector of several pathogens in the USA. Their cryptic and anthropophilic nature puts this species in close association with humans, where they can also be a nuisance. Mosquito control programs are the front line of defense for protecting the community from nuisance-biting and disease. However, the occurrence and prevalence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is a well-documented phenomenon that directly impacts the efficacy of insecticide applications. In Florida specifically, widespread resistance in Ae. aegypti has created a need for operational strategies that combat and, ideally, reverse resistance. Laboratory studies and the association between fitness costs and insecticide resistance indicate that this reversion is possible under the right conditions. For a 2.5-year period, the impact of varying operational treatment regimens on insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is evaluated using kdr genotyping and the CDC bottle bioassay. In an organophosphate treatment area, a decrease in frequency of a double homozygous resistant genotype was observed. CDC bottle bioassays did not reveal any clear trends in the data to indicate a reversion to insecticide susceptibility. However, the changes in genotype could indicate the first step back to insecticide susceptibility. This study provides preliminary data that has implications for resistance management in mosquito control operations.

Article Highlights

Presented study represents the first field study to evaluate how changing insecticide pressures on resistant mosquitoes affects insecticide resistance.

A decrease in the double homozygous resistance genotype was observed in Ae. aegypti from the organophosphate treatment area after a change in use patterns.

Identifiable trends in phenotypic resistance as a result of the treatment regimens were not observed.
TIGER: A Web Portal of Tumor Immunotherapy Gene Expression Resource
Authors: Chen Zhihang , Luo Ziwei , Zhang Di , Li Huiqin , Liu Xuefei , Zhu Kaiyu , Zhang Hongwan , Wang Zongping , Zhou Penghui , Ren Jian , Zhao An , Zuo Zhixiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method; however, only a few patients benefit from it. The development of new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgently needed. Recently, high-throughput bulk and single-cell gene expression profiling technologies have generated valuable resources. However, these resources are not well organized and systematic analysis is difficult. Here, we present TIGER, a tumor immunotherapy gene expression resource, which contains bulk transcriptome data of 1508 tumor samples with clinical immunotherapy outcomes and 11,057 tumor/normal samples without clinical immunotherapy outcomes, as well as single-cell transcriptome data of 2,116,945 immune cells from 655 samples. TIGER provides many useful modules for analyzing collected and user-provided data. Using the resource in TIGER, we identified a tumor-enriched subset of CD4+ T cells. Patients with melanoma with a higher signature score of this subset have a significantly better response and survival under immunotherapy. We believe that TIGER will be helpful in understanding anti-tumor immunity mechanisms and discovering effective biomarkers. TIGER is freely accessible at http://tiger.canceromics.org/.
Risk of antibiotics associated with Clostridioides difficile infection: Antibiotic stewardship in action
Authors: Dysangco Andrew T. , Pierce Tamra M. , Bravata Dawn M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examined risk associated with antibiotics used for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) at a single site from 2018 through 2020. Overall, 78 patients had nonrecurrent infections. Among inpatient antibiotics, intravenous meropenem had the highest CDI rate (3.56 per 1,000 days of therapy; n = 2 cases). Among outpatient antibiotics, metronidazole had the highest rate (0.071 per 1,000 pills dispensed; n = 3 cases).
Patient and provider perceptions of a peer-delivered intervention (‘Khanya’) to improve anti-retroviral adherence and substance use in South Africa: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Rose Alexandra L. , Belus Jennifer M. , Hines Abigail C. , Barrie Issmatu , Regenauer Kristen S. , Andersen Lena S. , Joska John A. , Ciya Nonceba , Ndamase Sibabalwe , Myers Bronwyn , Safren Steven A. , Magidson Jessica F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite a high prevalence of problematic substance use among people living with HIV in South Africa, there remains limited access to substance use services within the HIV care system. To address this gap, our team previously developed and adapted a six-session, peer-delivered problem-solving and behavioral activation-based intervention (Khanya) to improve HIV medication adherence and reduce substance use in Cape Town. This study evaluated patient and provider perspectives on the intervention to inform implementation and future adaptation.MethodsFollowing intervention completion, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with patients (n = 23) and providers (n = 9) to understand perspectives on the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of Khanya and its implementation by a peer. Patients also quantitatively ranked the usefulness of individual intervention components (problem solving for medication adherence ‘Life-Steps’, behavioral activation, mindfulness training, and relapse prevention) at post-treatment and six months follow-up, which we triangulated with qualitative feedback to examine convergence and divergence across methods.ResultsPatients and providers reported high overall acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of Khanya, although there were several feasibility challenges. Mindfulness and Life-Steps were identified as particularly acceptable, feasible, and appropriate components by patients across methods, whereas relapse prevention strategies were less salient. Behavioral activation results were less consistent across methods.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of examining patients’ perspectives on specific intervention components within intervention packages. While mindfulness training and peer delivery models were positively perceived by consumers, they are rarely used within task-shared behavioral interventions in low- and middle-income countries.
No Unique Scaling Law for Igneous Dikes
Authors: Gill S. P. A. , Walker R. J. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Greenfield C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), veins, dikes, and sills grow in length when the stress intensity factor at the tip reaches a critical value: the host rock fracture toughness . This criterion is applied broadly in LEFM models for crack growth and it is often assumed that the pressure inside the crack is uniform. When applied to intrusion length versus thickness scaling, a significant issue arises in that derived , which is about 100–1,000 times that of measured values for rocks at upper crustal depths. The same scaling relationships applied to comparatively short mineral vein data gives , approaching the expected range. Here we propose that intrusions preserve non‐equilibrated pressures as cracks controlled by kinetics, and therefore cannot be treated in continuum with fracture‐controlled constant pressure (equilibrium) structures such as veins, or many types of scaled analogue model. Early stages of dike growth (inflation) give rise to increasing length and thickness, but magma pressure gradients within intrusions may serve to drive late‐stage lengthening at the expense of maximum thickness (relaxation). For cracks in 2D, we find that intrusion scaling in non‐equilibrium growth is controlled by the magma injection rate and initial dike scaling, effective (2D) host rock modulus, magma viscosity and cooling rate, which are different for all individual intrusions and sets of intrusions. A solidified intrusion can therefore achieve its final dimensions via many routes, with relaxation acting as a potentially significant factor, hence there is no unique scaling law for dike intrusions.
Deep learning for non-parameterized MEMS structural design
Authors: Guo Ruiqi , Sui Fanping , Yue Wei , Wang Zekai , Pala Sedat , Li Kunying , Xu Renxiao , Lin Liwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe geometric designs of MEMS devices can profoundly impact their physical properties and eventual performances. However, it is challenging for researchers to rationally consider a large number of possible designs, as it would be very time- and resource-consuming to study all these cases using numerical simulation. In this paper, we report the use of deep learning techniques to accelerate the MEMS design cycle by quickly and accurately predicting the physical properties of numerous design candidates with vastly different geometric features. Design candidates are represented in a nonparameterized, topologically unconstrained form using pixelated black-and-white images. After sufficient training, a deep neural network can quickly calculate the physical properties of interest with good accuracy without using conventional numerical tools such as finite element analysis. As an example, we apply our deep learning approach in the prediction of the modal frequency and quality factor of disk-shaped microscale resonators. With reasonable training, our deep learning neural network becomes a high-speed, high-accuracy calculator: it can identify the flexural mode frequency and the quality factor 4.6 × 103 times and 2.6 × 104 times faster, respectively, than conventional numerical simulation packages, with good accuracies of 98.8 ± 1.6% and 96.8 ± 3.1%, respectively. When simultaneously predicting the frequency and the quality factor, up to ~96.0% of the total computation time can be saved during the design process. The proposed technique can rapidly screen over thousands of design candidates and promotes experience-free and data-driven MEMS structural designs.