bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying knowledge gaps for successful restorative aquaculture of Ostrea edulis: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bertolini Camilla , Pastres Roberto 
Published: June 2022

Background: Active restoration is necessary to enhance the recovery of Ostrea edulis reefs, which contribute to many ecosystem services. Restoration can be integrated within aquaculture practices, bringing positive environmental changes while maximising space utilisation. The restoration project MAREA (MAtchmaking Restoration Ecology and Aquaculture) aims to bring back O. edulis in the North-West Adriatic addressing the feasibility of its cultivation. Both successful restoration and sustainable aquaculture require a thorough understanding of the ecological needs, as the requirements of both activities need to be harmonized. Therefore, one of the preliminary activities before embarking on the pilot was the completion of a thorough literature review to identify research directions and gaps required for ‘restorative aquaculture’, aiming to gather the most up to date O. edulis knowledge on a global and local scale. Methods: Internet (Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar) and physical resources (libraries) were searched for all available global and local knowledge on O. edulis. Bibliometrix was used to identify the main research topics using keywords, titles, and abstracts analyses. Studies were then manually screened and summarised to extract knowledge specific to restoration and aquaculture. Results: While restoration studies are recent, evidence for the loss of this species and potential causes (and solutions) have been discussed since the end of the 19th century. While diseases were a leading cause for reef loss, substratum limitation appears to be one of the leading limiting factors for both restoration and aquaculture of O. edulis, and was already mentioned in the early texts that were found. Conclusions: The review highlighted that restoration success and aquaculture feasibility depend upon the crucial stage of settlement. The project ‘MAREA’ will therefore increase its focus on this stage, both in terms of timing, location, and materials for settlement plates placement.
Forecasting the directions of the EU sugar market development after limiting government intervention
Authors: Budzyńska Anna , Urbanek Mirosław 
Published: June 2022

Motivation: The EU sugar industry is one of the most regulated industry which is subject to import duties, subsidies and quotas. Government intervention in sugar markets significantly affects sugar production, consumption and trade. The GATT/WTO negotiations led to the commencement of the liberalization process in the EU sugar market, and initiated a number of reforms aimed at abolishing government support. Consequently, the sugar market in the EU has undergone considerable changes. Proper recognition of the directions of changes will contribute to reducing the difficulties of entities operating on the global sugar market.
Aim: The purpose of this publication is to present the forecasts made in 2017 regarding the main categories characterizing the EU sugar market and to verify their validity following the analysis of the actual data. The work uses the forecasts made for 2017–2020 based on empirical data collected from 1993–2016, and then verifies their validity when set against the real data.
Results: The results of the research showed that statistical models are not able to predict correctly not only the forecasted values, but also the directions of their changes. The range of indicators of forecast errors was almost 40 percentage points, which reduced their credibility. The Pearson correlation index of over 0.7 indicated a significant correlation between the real data and the forecast values for the consumption or sugar beet harvest, while interpreting the discrepancy coefficient index, which did not exceed 1 for the forecast of the sugar production volume. This allows to conclude that this forecast shows the smallest differentiation in comparison to the actual data obtained.
A qualitative study of women and midwives' reflections on midwifery practice in public maternity units in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Wibbelink Margreet , James Sindiwe , Thomson Ann M 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims South Africa has a high rate of maternal and neonatal mortality. Although the global consensus is that quality midwifery care makes an essential contribution to improving maternal and neonatal outcomes, the literature still highlights that quality midwifery care in South Africa is lacking and midwives' voices are not heard. This study aimed to describe the factors affecting clinical practice in public maternity units from the perspectives of women who received care and midwives who provided it. Methods This was an exploratory and contextual qualitative study conducted in public maternity units in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, with midwives and women who received care from these midwives. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select a suitable sample. Data were collected using semi-structured audio-recorded interviews and analysed with Creswell's spiral data analysis. Results Midwives experienced burdens related to the practice of midwifery care as a result of the shortage of suitable staff and material resources, as well as managerial issues that affected clinical performance. Women experienced negative staff attitudes that influenced the care they received. Conclusions Midwifery practice in public maternity units in the Eastern Cape is affected by multifaceted factors and attention is needed to ways to improve practice. For midwifery to flourish and for women to receive high-quality care, competent midwives and an enabling working environment are needed. There is an urgent need to bring midwifery education in line with international standards, to improve quality of care, end preventable maternal and newborn mortality and stillbirths and deliver the agenda of universal health coverage.
Perceived barriers to the prevention of preterm births in obstetric units of the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Malwela Thivhulawi , Maputle Maria Sonto , Netshisaulu Khathutshelo Grace 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Most African states are faced with challenges in the healthcare sector, such as the lack of skilled healthcare professionals, materials and supplies and inadequate infrastructure. These challenges lead to an increased rate of preterm births. The aim of this study was to explore and describe barriers to the prevention of preterm births in the obstetric units of Limpopo Province. Methods An explorative, descriptive design was used to obtain primary data, which were used to develop guidelines to assist resource-limited obstetric units. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 managers and 15 midwives, making a total of 25 participants. In-depth individual interviews were used to collect data that were analysed using Tesch's open coding approach. Results The barriers to the prevention of preterm births in Limpopo Province, South Africa were a shortage of healthcare professionals, a lack of emotional and psychological support and poor communication. Conclusions The successful prevention of preterm births in Limpopo Province is not possible because of structural and psychosocial barriers alluded to by midwives and managers at obstetric units. It is recommended that the Maternal, Women and Child Health Directorate in Limpopo implement the standards of care as stipulated in the national maternity guidelines of South Africa, to address the quality and quantity of human resources and equipment.
Broadband and high-efficiency ultrathin wavefront manipulation based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Tong Yuanwei 
Published: June 2022

A broadband and high-efficiency metasurface is proposed based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) principle. The PB phase principle is analyzed using the scattering matrix approach and proposed to achieve the abrupt phase with an equal amplitude of the transmission coefficient. The abrupt phase

φ

has a linear relationship with the rotation angle

θ

, namely,

φ
=

±
2

θ

. A 1-D gradient metasurface was designed, and the circular polarized waves in the frequency range 8.2–10 GHz were refracted anomalously when left-handed circular polarization or right-handed circular polarization waves were irradiated vertically on the metasurface and the refraction angle of the circular polarized waves, depending on the chirality of the incident wave. Finally, a 2-D parabolic metasurface that not only converts planar circular polarized waves into spherical circular polarized waves, but also converges the parallel wave into a focus point, was designed. The focal distance of the 2-D parabolic metasurface decreases as the frequency of the incident wave decreases, and the half-maximum at full width shows the opposite trend.
Differential effects of obstructive sleep apnea on the corneal subbasal nerve plexus and retinal nerve fiber layer
Authors: Bussan Katherine A. , Stuard Whitney L. , Mussi Natalia , Lee Won , Whitson Jess T. , Issioui Yacine , Rowe Ashley A. , Wert Katherine J. , Robertson Danielle M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established independent risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. Macro and microvascular changes have been documented in OSA, including high levels of potent vasoconstrictors. In diabetes, vasoconstriction has been identified as an underlying risk factor for corneal neuropathy. This study sought to establish a potential relationship between OSA and corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity, and to determine whether changes in corneal nerves may be reflective of OSA severity.

Design
Single center cross-sectional study.

Methods
Sixty-seven patients were stratified into two groups: those with OSA and healthy controls. Groups were matched for age, sex, race, smoking, and dry eye status. Outcome measures included serologies, a dilated fundus exam, dry eye testing, anthropometric parameters, corneal sensitivity, subbasal nerve plexus morphology, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the use of questionnaires to assess symptoms of dry eye disease, risk of OSA, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance.

Results
No significant differences were observed in corneal nerve morphology, sensitivity, or the number of dendritic cells. In the OSA test group, RNFL thinning was noted in the superior and inferior regions of the optic disc and peripapillary region. A greater proportion of participants in the OSA group required a subsequent evaluation for glaucoma than in the control. In those with OSA, an increase in the apnea hypopnea index was associated with an increase in optic nerve cupping.

Conclusions
OSA does not exert a robust effect on corneal nerves. OSA is however, associated with thinning of the RNFL. Participants with glaucomatous optic nerve changes and risk factors for OSA should be examined as uncontrolled OSA may exacerbate glaucoma progression.
Similarity of eyes in a cataractous population—How reliable is the biometry of the fellow eye for lens power calculation?
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Röggla Veronika , Leydolt Christina , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: June 2022

Background
In some situations it is necessary to use biometry from the fellow eye for lens power calculation prior to cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyse the lateral differences in biometric measurements and their impact on the lens power calculation.

Methods
The analysis was based on a large dataset of 19,472 measurements of 9736 patients prior to cataract surgery with complete biometric data of both left and right eyes extracted from the IOLMaster 700. After randomly indexing the left or right eye as primary (P) and secondary (S), the differences between S and P eye were recorded and analysed (Keratometry (RSEQ), total keratometry (TRSEQ) and back surface power (BRSEQ)), axial length AL, corneal thickness CCT, anterior chamber depth ACD, lens thickness LT). Lens power was calculated with the Castrop formula for all P and S eyes, and the refraction was predicted using both the P and S eye biometry for the lens power calculation.

Results
Lateral differences (S-P, 90% confidence interval) ranged between -0.64 to 0.63 dpt / -0.67 to 0.66 dpt / -0.12 to 0.12 dpt for RSEQ / TRSEQ / BRSEQ. The respective difference in AL / CCT / ACD / LT ranged between -0.46 to 0.43 mm / -0.01 to 0.01 mm / -0.20 to 0.20 mm / -0.13 to 0.14 mm. The resulting difference in lens power and predicted refraction ranged between -2.02 to 2.00 dpt and -1.36 to 1.30 dpt where the biometry of the S eye is used instead of the P eye. The AL and RSEQ were identified as the most critical parameters where the biometry of the fellow eye is used.

Conclusion
Despite a strong similarity of both eyes, intraocular lens power calculation with fellow eye biometry could yield different results for the lens power and finally for the predicted refraction. In 10% of cases, the lens power derived from the S eye deviates by 2 dpt or more, resulting in a refraction deviation of 1.36 dpt or more.
Clinical outcome of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with imported donor corneas in eyes of Asian patients; endothelium‐in versus endothelium‐out method
Authors: Jung Young-ho , Yoon Chang Ho , Kim Mee Kum 
Published: June 2022

Objective
We investigated whether (1) imported pre-cut tissue is feasible for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in eyes of Asian patients, (2) the clinical outcome is comparable between the endothelium‐in and endothelium‐out methods, and (3) the corneal edema-induced anterior curvature changes may have an effect on the refractive error.

Methods
The medical records of 32 DMEK patients who underwent either the endothelium-out or endothelium-in method using imported pre-cut grafts with a 3-day pre-cut-to-use time were retrospectively analyzed. Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (37.5%) and bullous keratopathy (62.5%) cases were included. The main clinical outcome measures were graft survival, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), corneal thickness (CT), and complications. Correlation of the anterior curvature changes with refractive error was analyzed in the DMEK with cataract surgery group.

Results
The overall survival rate was 71.9%. Final graft failures were caused by rejection, glaucoma, and infection. Visual acuities improved by 89.3%. BCVA better than 20/40 and 20/20 was found in 75% and 28.6% of patients, respectively. The ECDs at 3 months and 1 year were 1400 and 1083 cells/mm2, respectively. The mean survival time, ECD, BCVA, CT, and complication rates were not different between the endothelium-in and endothelium-out methods. A hyperopic shift by +0.42 D was not related to the anterior curvature changes.

Conclusion
Imported pre-cut tissues with a ≤ 3-day pre-cut-to-use time are feasible for DMEK in the treatment of corneal endothelial edema in eyes of Asian patients, and both endothelium-in and endothelium-out methods appear to be comparatively effective. Edema-induced anterior curvature change may not affect the refractive shift.
Patient experience and healthcare utilization for a COVID-19 telemedicine home monitoring program offered in English and Spanish
Authors: Vartanian Keri B. , Holtorf Megan , Cox Emily J. , Diaz George , Khurana Hargobind , Schlegel Sherene , Raganit Caroline , Ong Brandon , Czartoski Todd 
Published: June 2022

Background
Telemedicine is a vital component of the healthcare system’s response to COVID-19. In March of 2020, Providence health system rapidly implemented a telemedicine home monitoring program (HMP) for COVID-19 patients that included use of at-home pulse oximeters and thermometers and text-based surveys to monitor symptoms. By June 2020, Providence updated the HMP to be offered in Spanish. This program was implemented before COVID-19 testing was readily available and therefore was offered to all patients suspected of having COVID-19. This study examines engagement, experience, and utilization patterns for English and Spanish-speaking patients engaged in the COVID-19 HMP.

Methods
A retrospective review of program data was used to understand HMP patient engagement (responsiveness to three daily text to monitor symptoms), satisfaction with the program (likelihood to recommend the program) as well as comfort using home monitoring devices and comfort recovering from home. To understand impact on care for COVID-19 confirmed cases, we used electronic health records to measure patterns in healthcare use for COVID-19 positive HMP participants and non-HMP propensity weighted controls. All patients enrolled in the COVID-19 HMP from March–October 2020 were included in the study. Patients tested for COVID-19 during the time window and not enrolled in HMP were included in the propensity-weighted comparison group. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed overall and stratified by English and Spanish speakers.

Results
Of the 4,358 HMP participants, 75.5% identified as English speakers and 18.2% identified as Spanish speakers. There was high level of responsiveness to three daily text-based surveys monitoring symptoms engagement (>80%) and a high level of comfort using the home monitoring devices (thermometers and pulse oximeters) for English- and Spanish-speaking participants (97.3% and 99.6%, respectively). The majority of English (95.7%) and Spanish-speaking (100%) patients felt safe monitoring their condition from home and had high satisfaction with the HMP (76.5% and 83.6%, respectively). English and Spanish-speaking COVID-19 positive HMP participants had more outpatient and emergency departments (ED) encounters than non-participants 7 and 30 days after their positive test.

Conclusion
This widely implemented HMP provided participants with a sense of safety and satisfaction and its use was associated with more outpatient care and ED encounters. These outcomes were comparable across English and Spanish-speakers, highlighting the importance and potential impact of language-concordant telemedicine.
Normalized solutions for a class of scalar field equations involving mixed fractional Laplacians
Authors: Luo Tingjian , Hajaiej Hichem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to establish sharp conditions for the existence of normalized solutions to a class of scalar field equations involving mixed fractional Laplacians with different orders. This study includes the case when one operator is local and the other one is non-local. This type of equation arises in various fields ranging from biophysics to population dynamics. Due to the importance of these applications, this topic has very recently received an increasing interest. In this article, we provide a complete description of the existence/non-existence of ground state solutions using constrained variational approaches. This study addresses the mass subcritical, critical and supercritical cases. Our model presents some difficulties due to the “conflict” between the different orders and requires a novel analysis, especially in the mass supercritical case. We believe that our results will open the door to other valuable contributions in this important field.
Artificial intelligence in clinical applications for lung cancer: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Pei Qin , Luo Yanan , Chen Yiyu , Li Jingyuan , Xie Dan , Ye Ting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that includes research in robotics, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems. AI is poised to change medical practice, and oncology is not an exception to this trend. As the matter of fact, lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. The leading cause is the complexity of associating early pulmonary nodules with neoplastic changes and numerous factors leading to strenuous treatment choice and poor prognosis. AI can effectively enhance the diagnostic efficiency of lung cancer while providing optimal treatment and evaluating prognosis, thereby reducing mortality. This review seeks to provide an overview of AI relevant to all the fields of lung cancer. We define the core concepts of AI and cover the basics of the functioning of natural language processing, image recognition, human-computer interaction and machine learning. We also discuss the most recent breakthroughs in AI technologies and their clinical application regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in lung cancer. Finally, we highlight the future challenges of AI in lung cancer and its impact on medical practice.
Giving voice to space: the grammar of Northern Alta spatial roots
Authors: Garcia-Laguia Alexandro Xavier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent cross-linguistic studies on spatial language reveal a great diversity in the way languages encode spatial information. Yet, given that there are not many spatial studies that have systematically targeted languages with a Philippine-type voice system, it is not clear how spatial expression is structured in such languages. The aim of this study is to address this knowledge gap through an in-depth investigation of Northern Alta, a language presenting such a voice system. The study combines data from stimulus-based tasks with a modern documentation corpus of the language and elicited data to examine the linguistic strategies deployed in four different spatial subdomains: location, disposition, orientation, and routes. The results show that each subdomain favors a distinct set of derivational affixes and a particular set of lexical roots. It is argued that the morphological system of the language plays a crucial role in the structuring of spatial expression. It allows roots with spatial meanings such as ‘front’, ‘side’, ‘top’, and ‘back’ to derive a variety of spatial verbs that are key in several spatial domains. The study also shows that Philippine-type languages have important information to contribute to cross-linguistic studies of spatial language.
Improving structure and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on aluminum alloy with the addition of La2O3
Authors: Yang Biao , Wang Ping , Hu Jie , Gong Yunbai , Liu Jiwei , Gong Zeyu , Xiong Dan , Xiang Dong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ceramic coatings were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy in electrolytes containing La2O3 particles using the micro-arc oxidation technique. The main work focuses on the microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings. The results showed that the addition of La2O3 increased the oxidation voltage and promoted the formation rate. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the quantity of discharge micropores decreased and the thickness increased, and thus, the microhardness increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the coatings mainly consisted of γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3 and SiO2. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed that the corrosion resistance of the coated sample with La2O3 increased greatly because the addition of La2O3 significantly reduced the micropores of the coating surface and made the coating thicker, smoother and harder. Hence, the addition of La2O3 can optimize the structure of the micro-arc oxidation coating and improve its corrosion resistance.