bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning attentive attribute-aware node embeddings in dynamic environments
Authors: Ahmed Nourhan , Rashed Ahmed , Schmidt-Thieme Lars 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLearning node embeddings is fundamental for numerous applications, such as link prediction and node classification. Node embeddings seek to learn a low-dimensional representation for each node in the graph. Many existing node representation learning methods for dynamic attributed graphs focus on preserving the temporal proximity of the nodes with relatively shallow models. However, real-life graphs are complex and usually exhibit evolutionary patterns of node attributes and graph structure. Therefore, the current state-of-the-art models fail to capture the information in the dynamic attributed graphs and settle for sub-optimal results. In this paper, we propose a novel model for embedding nodes in dynamic attributed graphs that captures the full extent of all relevant node information and the graph interrelations as well as graph evolutionary patterns. During model training, attribute-aware node embedding is learned using both graph and node properties in a dynamic context. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art models in link prediction tasks. In addition, it introduces a novel way of learning richer representations by fully exploiting node attributes, graph structure, and evolutionary patterns in dynamic attributed graphs.
Historical Mapping vs. Archaeology: Rethinking Fort Sancti Spiritus (1527–1529)
Authors: Sánchez-Pinto Iban 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe first cartographic representations of the Paraná delta have been used to characterize the elements that comprised the archaeological site of Fort Sancti Spiritus, an iconic place in the beginnings of the colonization process initiated by the crown of Castile in the southern sector of the Plata drainage basin. The maps of Sebastian Cabot, Sancho Gutiérrez, and Ruy Díaz de Guzmán are compared with written documentation, other maps from the same time, and the information obtained in the latest archaeological studies. This comparative analysis demonstrates the potential of historical cartography as a primary source to enlarge on or nuance knowledge of the initial stages of the conquest and colonization of this region.
Communicative Musicality, Learning and Energy: A Holographic Analysis of Sound Online and in the Classroom
Authors: Johnson Mark William , Alavi Karen , Holm-Janas Viktor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sonic environment of learning presents an opportunity to study the space of social relations as energetic dynamics. Like all communication, sound requires energy both to create and to process. In recent years, the field of ‘communicative musicality’ — an interdisciplinary field connecting ethology, sociology, and psychology — examines social relations in their sonic context. Analysing the sonic environment has become more important (and more feasible) with increasing activities online during the pandemic. We present a comparative analysis of the sonic environment considering the sonic differences between face-to-face encounters, Zoom lectures, and online gaming. Our analysis measures the Shannon entropy of Fourier transforms of the sound spectrum to produce fractal representations of sonic episodes from contrasting educational situations. We consider how these fractals connect the physics of the environment with physiology of individuals observing and acting with each other in techno-educational contexts. As an index of the ‘between-ness’ of observing systems, our analysis points to a correlation between the coherence of patterning in sound and learning experiences. With its focus on social relations and technology’s environmental effects, this analysis well-suits postdigital concerns for the contingencies and uncertainties surrounding socio-technical systems in education.
Regulatory Pathways Supporting Expedited Drug Development and Approval in ICH Member Countries
Authors: Franco Pedro , Jain Ritesh , Rosenkrands-Lange Elizabeth , Hey Claudia , Koban Marén U. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegulators and pharmaceutical companies across the world are intensifying efforts to get increasingly complex and innovative drugs to patients with high unmet medical need in the shortest possible time frame. This article reviews pathways to expedite drug development and approval available in member countries of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and Australia. It is concluded that the increasing availability of expedited regulatory pathways and associated modernisation of regulatory systems changes the current regulatory paradigm and requires sponsors to rethink drug development and regulatory strategy. A transformation of the current sequence of regulatory submissions, favouring those countries/collaborations that are best regulatory equipped to make innovative medical need drugs available to patients in the shortest time frame is imminent.
Modulational Instability and Location Controllable Lump Solutions with Mixed Interaction Phenomena for the (2+1)-Dimensional Myrzakulov-Lakshmanan-IV Equation
Authors: Cui Xiao-Qi , Wen Xiao-Yong , Zhang Bing-Jiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnder consideration is a $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional spin nonisospectral Myrzakulov-Lakshmanan-IV (ML-IV) equation, which has close relation with the celebrated nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the first place we study the modulational instability (MI) for this equation and deduce its formation mechanism for diverse localized waves from the plane wave background. Secondly, in view of the known nonisospectral Lax pair of this equation, we first successfully extend the generalized $$(n, N-n)$$

(
n
,
N
-
n
)

-fold Darboux Transformation (DT) from $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional equation to this $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional equation. As an application of the resulting DT, we derive some location controllable dark and bright lump, periodic wave and mixed breather-lump solutions, it is shown that the position of these localized waves can be controlled by some special parameters, so that we can move them to the positions we want. Especially, the dynamical behaviors of these localized waves are illustrated graphically. These results may have potential value for the study of applied ferromagnetism and nano magnetism.
Platter Humor oder doch der Weisheit letzter Schluss? – Lk 18 als jüdische und pagane „Doppelkodierung“
Authors: Sommer Michael 
Published: December 2022

German abstractAus dem direkten Vergleich der beiden möglichen Leseweisen lässt sich ein Fazit formulieren. Die Technik der „Doppelkodierung“ (R. Feldmeier) zeigt sich darin, dass Lk 18,1–8 eine Alltagsepisode mit einem Moment des spöttelnden, vielleicht sogar stumpfen Humors erzählt und dabei eine Semantik benutzt, die auch in den Schriften Israels beheimatet ist. Auch wenn die „jüdische“ Denkwelt der Weisheitsliteratur in Lk 18,1–8 auf den ersten Blick keine Rolle zu spielen scheint, so wird sie dann für die Folgeszene in Lk 18,9–14 relevant. Lk 18,1–8 ist keine Relecture der Weisheitsliteratur, sondern mutet mehr wie eine Hommage an. Es klingt hier sprachlich bereits etwas an, das erst in der nächsten Perikope inhaltlich sichtbar verarbeitet wird. M.E. handelt es sich bei dieser Technik nicht um ein Zufallsprodukt, sondern um eine bewusste Entscheidung. Lukas ging so souverän mit den Schriften um, dass er sie kreativ mit hellenistisch anmutenden Erzähletappen verschmelzen konnte. Ebenso zeigt sich, dass er in den Schriften nicht nur Dekoration sah, sondern mit Hilfe der Frömmigkeitskritik arbeitete, um daraus für die Völkerwelt geöffnete, „jüdische“ Ideen über Gerechtigkeit und Glaubenspraxis entstehen zu lassen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Lektüre zeigt sich eine Unsicherheit, ob die Kategorien „Judenchrist“ und „Heidenchrist“ bei Lukas wirklich funktionieren.
Consistent Timing of Arctic Permafrost Loss Across the CESM1 Large Ensemble
Authors: McSweeney Killian , Kooperman Gabriel J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Arctic is especially vulnerable to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. Changes in this region pose a heightened threat due to the immense amount of carbon frozen as organic material in the soil. When permafrost thaws, organic material decays and releases as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to further warming. A better understanding of the processes that influence permafrost degradation is needed to inform climate adaptation and mitigation planning. This study assesses changes to Arctic permafrost across 35 ensemble member simulations from the Community Earth System Model 1 Large Ensemble Project, under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 21st century scenario. Most Arctic near‐surface permafrost is lost by 2100, but timing varies across regions and with soil depth. Internal climate variability, represented by differences between ensemble members, has a constrained influence on degradation timing due to relative consistency of summer temperature increases and insulation by winter snow cover.
Characterize Basin‐Scale Subsurface Using Rocket‐Triggered Lightning
Authors: Wang Yu‐Li , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Liu Fei , Wen Jet‐Chau , Wang Wenke , Hao Yonghong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper exploits triggered lightning as a point source for the basin‐scale electromagnetic tomographic survey to image 3‐D subsurface electrical properties in basins. This paper further develops a new temporal moment approach, overcoming the difficulties in forward and inverse modeling of 3‐D Maxwell’s equations with heterogeneous parameter fields. Using this approach, we find that the influence of a single triggered lightning strike covers a radius of 20–70 km with detectable signals. The cross‐correlation analysis between the moment difference of the electric and electric/magnetic property field indicates that the approach is suitable for mapping subsurface electric conductivity () heterogeneity. A numerical experiment with 3‐D spatially random parameter fields demonstrates that the method captures the spatial distribution of electric conductivity over large areas with a sparse monitoring network. It reveals the potential of using triggered lightning as a basin‐scale electric/magnetic tomography survey.
Electron Behavior Around the Onset of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Spinnangr Susanne F. , Hesse Michael , Tenfjord Paul , Norgren Cecilia , Kolstø Håkon M. , Kwagala Norah K. , Jørgensen Therese Moretto , Phan Tai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate the onset of magnetic reconnection, utilizing a fully kinetic Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) simulation. Characteristic features of the electron phase‐space distributions immediately before reconnection onset are identified. These include signatures of pressure non‐gyrotropy in the velocity distributions, and lemon shaped distributions in the in‐plane velocity directions. Further, we explain how these features form through particle energization by the out‐of‐plane electric field. Identification of these features in the distributions can aid in analysis of data where clear signatures of ongoing reconnection are not yet present.
Impacts of Model Horizontal Resolution on Mean Sea Surface Temperature Biases in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Xu Gaopeng , Chang Ping , Ramachandran Sanjiv , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Stephen , Small Justin , Zhang Qiuying , Jing Zhao , Wu Lixin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImpacts of model horizontal resolution on sea surface temperature (SST) biases are studied using high‐resolution (HR) and low‐resolution (LR) simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) where the nominal resolutions are 0.1° for ocean and sea‐ice and 0.25° for atmosphere and land in HR, and 1° for all component models in LR, respectively. Results show that, except within eastern boundary upwelling systems, SST is warmer in HR than LR. Globally averaged surface ocean heat budget analysis indicates that 1°C warmer global‐mean SST in HR is mainly attributable to stronger nonlocal vertical mixing and shortwave heat flux, with the former prevailing over the latter in eddy‐active regions. In the tropics, nonlocal vertical mixing is slightly more important than shortwave heat flux for the warmer SST in HR. Further analysis shows that the stronger nonlocal mixing in HR can be attributed to differences in both the surface heat flux and shape function strength used in the parameterization. In addition, the shape function shows a nonlinear relationship with surface heat flux in HR and LR, modulated by the eddy‐induced vertical heat transport. The stronger shortwave heat flux in HR, on the other hand, is mainly caused by fewer clouds in the tropics. Finally, investigation of ocean advection reveals that the improved western boundary currents in HR also contribute to the reduction of SST biases in eddy‐active regions.
Stresses in the Lunar Interior: Insights From Slip Directions in the A01 Deep Moonquake Nest
Authors: Turner A. R. , Hawthorne J. C. , Gaddes M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe probe the present‐day stresses in the lunar interior by examining the slip directions of moonquakes in the A01 nest. In this nest, some deep moonquakes appear to slip “backwards,” in the opposite direction to other events. We assess whether these changes in slip direction result from a spatial variation in the tectonic stress or from a temporal variation in the tidal stress. To test these two options, we first show that a dominant tectonic stress implies deep moonquakes can only slip in one direction: forwards and backwards, while a dominant tidal stress could allow moonquakes to slip in more directions: any combination of forwards, backwards, left, and right. Then we look for the number of slip directions; we separate the deep moonquake waveforms into slip directions using a principal component analysis technique. We find two slip directions present in the A01 deep moonquake nest. The moonquakes slip in a variety of directions as time evolves. This observation implies that the tidal stresses drive deep moonquakes. Additionally, these results place a new constraint on the magnitude of the tectonic stresses at depth; they must be smaller than the modeled tidal stress of ∼0.1 MPa.
ASK1-ER stress pathway-mediated fibrotic-EV release contributes to the interaction of alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts to promote mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tang Ri , Mei Shuya , Xu Qiaoyi , Feng Jinhua , Zhou Yang , Xing Shunpeng , He Zhengyu , Gao Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent clinical research has revealed that mechanical ventilation (MV) can initiate pulmonary fibrosis and induce mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (MVPF). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely uncharacterized. Based on a mouse model of MVPF and an alveolar epithelial cell cyclic strain model, the present study explores the possible mechanism of MVPF. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and EV RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that MV promoted apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway activation and extracellular vesicle (EV) release from alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, the ASK1-ER stress pathway was shown to mediate mechanical stretch (MS)- or MV-induced EV release and lung fibroblast activation in vivo and in vitro. These processes were suppressed by ER stress inhibitors or by silencing ASK1 with ASK1- short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In addition, MVPF was suppressed by inhibiting ASK1 and ER stress in vivo. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that ASK1-ER stress pathway-mediated fibrotic-EV release from alveolar epithelial cells contributes to fibroblast activation and the initiation of pulmonary fibrosis during MV. The inhibited release of EVs targeting the ASK1-ER stress pathway might be a promising treatment strategy for MVPF.
Preventative interventions that target cardiovascular dysfunction in children and young people: a systematic review of their effectiveness and an investigation of sexual dimorphism
Authors: Edwards Sophie , Foster Murray , Ahmed S. Faisal , Lucas-Herald Angela K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGiven that cardiovascular diseases remain a primary cause of mortality and morbidity, there is a need to consider preventative strategies to improve vascular function from early in life. The aims of this study were therefore to investigate which interventions may improve endothelial function, intima media thickness and arterial stiffness in children and young people and to assess whether these interventions differ in boys and girls. A systematic literature search of Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library by two independent reviewers was performed to source articles. Inclusion criteria were any studies including any child ≤18 years of age receiving an intervention, which measured vascular function other than blood pressure. Exclusion criteria were studies assessing children with chronic medical conditions. A total of 72 studies were identified, which met the inclusion criteria. A measurable change in outcome was more likely to be reported in studies investigating endothelial function (p = 0.03). Interventions which improved vascular function included physical activity and dietary programmes. Under 10% of studies considered sex differences. In conclusion, school-based physical activity interventions are most likely to result in improvements in vascular function. Endothelial function may be the first variable of vascular function to change secondary to an intervention. Standardisation of reporting of differences between the sexes is essential to be able to ensure interventions are equally effective for boys and girls.
Glutamatergic dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kruse Andreas O. , Bustillo Juan R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe NMDA-R hypofunction model of schizophrenia started with the clinical observation of the precipitation of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia exposed to PCP or ketamine. Healthy volunteers exposed to acute low doses of ketamine experienced mild psychosis but also negative and cognitive type symptoms reminiscent of the full clinical picture of schizophrenia. In rodents, acute systemic ketamine resulted in a paradoxical increase in extracellular frontal glutamate as well as of dopamine. Similar increase in prefrontal glutamate was documented with acute ketamine in healthy volunteers with 1H-MRS. Furthermore, sub-chronic low dose PCP lead to reductions in frontal dendritic tree density in rodents. In post-mortem ultrastructural studies in schizophrenia, a broad reduction in dendritic complexity and somal volume of pyramidal cells has been repeatedly described. This most likely accounts for the broad, subtle progressive cortical thinning described with MRI in- vivo. Additionally, prefrontal reductions in the obligatory GluN1 subunit of the NMDA-R has been repeatedly found in post-mortem tissue. The vast 1H-MRS literature in schizophrenia has documented trait-like small increases in glutamate concentrations in striatum very early in the illness, before antipsychotic treatment (the same structure where increased pre-synaptic release of dopamine has been reported with PET). The more recent genetic literature has reliably detected very small risk effects for common variants involving several glutamate-related genes. The pharmacological literature has followed two main tracks, directly informed by the NMDA-R hypo model: agonism at the glycine site (as mostly add-on studies targeting negative and cognitive symptoms); and pre-synaptic modulation of glutamatergic release (as single agents for acute psychosis). Unfortunately, both approaches have failed so far. There is little doubt that brain glutamatergic abnormalities are present in schizophrenia and that some of these are related to the etiology of the illness. The genetic literature directly supports a non- specific etiological role for glutamatergic dysfunction. Whether NMDA-R hypofunction as a specific mechanism accounts for any important component of the illness is still not evident. However, a glutamatergic model still has heuristic value to guide future research in schizophrenia. New tools to jointly examine brain glutamatergic, GABA-ergic and dopaminergic systems in-vivo, early in the illness, may lay the ground for a next generation of clinical trials that go beyond dopamine D2 blockade.
Conjugated polymers based on selenophene building blocks
Authors: Marsh Adam V. , Heeney Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic flexibility, solution processability, and optoelectronic properties of semiconducting conjugated polymers make them ideal candidates for use in a wide range of next-generation electronic devices. A virtually unlimited chemical design space has led to diverse polymeric architectures made from combinations of smaller molecular building blocks with desirable functionalities. Of these, thiophene is undoubtedly the most common due to its mixture of synthetic versatility, polymer backbone planarizing effects, and good optoelectronic characteristics. However, the success of thiophene has meant that other heterocycles, such as selenophene, remain relatively underexplored. This focus review discusses the challenges and material advantages of incorporating selenophene into conjugated polymer systems within the context of our contributions to the field. The early studies of poorly performing electrochemically synthesized polyselenophenes are outlined, progressing onto the model chemically synthesized alkylated homopolymers that revealed the key consequences of selenophene addition. We then review the various donor and donor-acceptor copolymer strategies that have exploited the properties of the selenium atom to enhance the performance of solar cells, transistors, and other organic electronic devices. Finally, we give our perspective on the state of the field and the fundamental material optimization studies required to realize the full potential of selenophene-containing conjugated polymers.
Loss of multipotency in adipose-derived stem cells after culture in temperature-responsive injectable polymer hydrogels
Authors: Mayumi Nozomi , Murase Nobuo , Yoshizaki Yuta , Kuzuya Akinori , Ohya Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cell, are expected to be applicable to regenerative medicine and cellular delivery systems. The maintenance of cell multipotency and control of the differentiation direction are important for these applications. However, the differentiation direction of these cells is widely believed to depend on the physical properties of their scaffold. In this study, we explored whether the multipotency of AdSCs, that is, their ability to differentiate into multiple cells, is maintained when they are removed from injectable polymer (IP) hydrogels with various degrees of cross-linking and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. We confirmed that AdSCs cultured in IP hydrogels maintained an undifferentiated state. However, their differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes cannot be ensured; specifically, the multipotency of AdSCs may decrease when they are cultured in IP hydrogels. When cultured in an IP hydrogel with extreme softness and poor cell adhesion properties, the AdSCs remained in an undifferentiated state, but their multipotency was reduced. These results provide important insights into stem cell delivery systems using IP hydrogels.