bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen tank for synergistic hypoxia relief to enhance mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Xianghui , Wang Haoran , Li Zhiyan , Li Dandan , Lu Xiaofeng , Ai Shichao , Dong Yuxiang , Liu Song , Wu Jinhui , Guan Wenxian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular redox homeostasis maintenance and meanwhile serve as an important target for organelle targeted therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for organelle targeted therapy with noninvasive nature and highly spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the efficacy of PDT is not fully achieved due to tumor hypoxia. Moreover, aerobic respiration constantly consumes oxygen and leads to a lower oxygen concentration in mitochondria, which continuously limited the therapeutic effects of PDT. The lack of organelle specific oxygen delivery method remains a main challenge.

Methods
Herein, an Oxygen Tank is developed to achieve the organelle targeted synergistic hypoxia reversal strategy, which not only act as an oxygen storage tank to open sources and reduce expenditure, but also coated with red blood cell membrane like the tank with stealth coating. Within the oxygen tank, a mitochondrion targeted photosensitizer (IR780) and a mitochondria respiration inhibitor (atovaquone, ATO) are co-loaded in the RBC membrane (RBCm) coated perfluorocarbon (PFC) liposome core.

Results
Inside these bio-mimic nanoparticles, ATO effectively inhibits mitochondrial respiration and economized endogenous oxygen consumption, while PFC supplied high-capacity exogenous oxygen. These Oxygen modulators reverse the hypoxia status in vitro and in vivo, and exhibited a superior anti-tumor activity by mitochondria targeted PDT via IR780. Ultimately, the anti-tumor effects towards gastric cancer and colon cancer are elicited in vivo.

Conclusions
This oxygen tank both increases exogeneous oxygen supply and decreases endogenous oxygen consumption, may offer a novel solution for organelle targeted therapies.
The effects of monetary policies on foreign direct investment inflows in emerging economies: some policy implications for post-COVID-19
Authors: Karahan Özcan , Bayır Musa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExpansionary monetary policies, which started to be implemented after the global crisis in 2008 and became widespread during the COVID-19 period, lowered global interest rates and increased the stock market indexes. This study aims to investigate the effects of expansionary monetary policies implemented before and during COVID-19 on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to emerging economies. In this context, the effect of expansionary monetary policies on FDI has been tried to be determined through the changes created in financial indicators such as interest rate and stock market index. Accordingly, the effects of the developments in the global stock market index and interest rates on the FDI for Brazil, China, Turkey, and Poland were estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for the period 2008–2021. Empirical findings show that expansionary monetary policy practices before and during COVID-19 causing high global stock market index and low-interest rates encourage FDI inflows to developing countries. The empirical results on the effects of expansionary monetary policies applied before and during COVID-19 on FDI allow important implications to be made when considered together with the contractionary monetary policies to be implemented after COVID-19. So much so that our empirical results in favour of FDI flows to developing countries regarding the expansionary monetary policies implemented before and during COVID-19 imply that the transition to contractionary monetary policy in the post-COVID-19 period may cause significant constraints on the FDI inflows to developing countries. Therefore, it may be expected that favourable financial conditions for foreign direct capital inflows to developing countries will disappear in the post-COVID-19 period. In other words, the falling global stock market index and increasing interest rates along with the contractionary monetary policies implemented in the post-COVID-19 period will be able to have the potential to cause a significant change in the investment preferences of international companies towards developing economies. The general policy prescription obtained from the results of the study shows that developing countries would need much more FDI-attracting policies in order to compensate for the negative financial effects of contractionary monetary policies implemented in the post-COVID-19 period.
Analysis on efficacy of compound dextran combined with atorvastatin calcium in patients with CVS caused by SAH based on TCD blood flow indexes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ma Feifan , Gan Ning , Su Fei , Song Zhaoyan 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To analyze the effects of compound dextran combined with atorvastatin calcium on blood flow indexes, peroxidase 2 (Prx2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in patients with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Methods: One hundred patients with CVS caused by SAH treated in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were divided into observation group and control group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets, while the observation group was additionally treated with compound dextran. The hospital stays, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels before and five days after treatment were recorded. The hemodynamic parameters of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the serum levels of Prx2 and ET-1 were detected.
Results: After treatment, GOS and Hct levels in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the mean and peak velocities of the MCA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of Prx2 and ET-1 in the observation group were significantly lower compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Compound dextran combined with atorvastatin calcium can effectively enhance clinical efficacy, improve cerebral blood flow and reduce serum Prx2 and ET-1 levels in patients with CVS caused by SAH.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5504
How to cite this:Zhang Y, Ma F, Gan N, Su F, Song Z. Analysis on efficacy of compound dextran combined with atorvastatin calcium in patients with CVS caused by SAH based on TCD blood flow indexes. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5504
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New Forms of Work with Juniors in the International Environment of Olympiad Informatics
Authors: Tsvetkova Marina 
Published: September 2022

The article describes the problem of creating an accessible Olympiad environment to support the creativity of students in grades 5-10 based on digital programming competencies and digital project tracks in specialized subjects based on international experience in partnership with the participating countries of the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI).
The infrastructure of the International Junior School of Informatics (ISIJ) and the organizational and technological model of the Olympiad environment are presented as an online network of reference sites in the regions of Russia and partner countries of the Olympiad environment not only for participation in the ISIJ Cup, but also for the systematic preparation of students and coaches to participate in the international level Olympiad movement.
Association analyses of rare variants identify two genes associated with refractive error
Authors: Patasova Karina , Haarman Annechien E. G. , Musolf Anthony M. , Mahroo Omar A. , Rahi Jugnoo S. , Falchi Mario , Verhoeven Virginie J. M. , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Duggal Priya , Klein Alison , Guggenheim Jeremy A. , Hammond Chris J. , Hysi Pirro G. ,   the CREAM Consortium; the UK Biobank Eye; Vision Consortium
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Genetic variants identified through population-based genome-wide studies are generally of high frequency, exerting their action in the central part of the refractive error spectrum. However, the power to identify associations with variants of lower minor allele frequency is greatly reduced, requiring considerable sample sizes. Here we aim to assess the impact of rare variants on genetic variation of refractive errors in a very large general population cohort.

Methods
Genetic association analyses of non-cyclopaedic autorefraction calculated as mean spherical equivalent (SPHE) used whole-exome sequence genotypic information from 50,893 unrelated participants in the UK Biobank of European ancestry. Gene-based analyses tested for association with SPHE using an optimised SNP-set kernel association test (SKAT-O) restricted to rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) within protein-coding regions of the genome. All models were adjusted for age, sex and common lead variants within the same locus reported by previous genome-wide association studies. Potentially causal markers driving association at significant loci were elucidated using sensitivity analyses by sequentially dropping the most associated variants from gene-based analyses.

Results
We found strong statistical evidence for association of SPHE with the SIX6 (p-value = 2.15 x 10−10, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 4.41x10-06) and the CRX gene (p-value = 6.65 x 10−08, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 0.001). The SIX6 gene codes for a transcription factor believed to be critical to the eye, retina and optic disc development and morphology, while CRX regulates photoreceptor specification and expression of over 700 genes in the retina. These novel associations suggest an important role of genes involved in eye morphogenesis in refractive error.

Conclusion
The results of our study support previous research highlighting the importance of rare variants to the genetic risk of refractive error. We explain some of the origins of the genetic signals seen in GWAS but also report for the first time a completely novel association with the CRX gene.
Therapeutic exercise versus other modalities for prevention and treatment of low back, pelvic girdle, and lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: A review protocol
Authors: Ribeiro Lira Silvia Oliveira , Soares de Sousa Vanessa Patrícia , Viana Elizabel de Souza Ramalho 
Published: September 2022

Background
The female body changes during pregnancy to create a favorable environment for fetal development which may result in musculoskeletal disorder and painful symptoms in the lumbopelvic region.

Objective
To analyze the evidence of therapeutic exercise versus other modalities to prevent and treat LBP, LGP, and LPP during pregnancy.

Methods
Full text randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating interventions to prevent or treat LBP, PGP, and LPP during pregnancy (any gestational age) that comparing therapeutic exercises with usual care or other modalities to reduce the incidence or severity of LBP or PGP or both during pregnancy will be included. 5 electronic databases will be searched to identify studies. Assess risk of bias in each study using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and quality of overall body of evidence for all primary outcomes will be assessed for all comparisons using the approach outlined in GRADE Handbook.
Dental health in patients with and without HPV-positive oropharyngeal and tongue cancer
Authors: Jouhi Lauri , Sikiö Jenna , Suomalainen Anni , Mroueh Rayan , Mäkitie Antti , Meurman Jukka H. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Human papilloma virus is associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Our aim was to examine oral health in patients with oropharyngeal (OPSCC) and oral tongue cancer (OTSCC), expecting better oral health among OPSCC patients.

Material and methods
Fifty-five OPSCC patients with known HPV status and 59 OTSCC patients were randomly selected from a list of consecutive patients of the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Oral health was assessed from panoramic jaw radiographs. Total Dental Index (TDI) summarizing the dental health status was calculated and Finnish population study data were used for comparison. Descriptive statistics were used for analyses.

Results
Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC had higher periapical lesion index compared with HPV-negative OPSCC patients or with OTSCC patients. Residual roots were more common among OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients, because of their higher occurrence among HPV-negative OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients. Similarly, modified TDI score was significantly higher among OPSCC patients than among OTSCC patients, because of higher TDI score among HPV-negative OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients. OPSCC patients more often used a removable prosthesis than OTSCC patients. Dental health of the cancer patients was poorer when compared with the population data.

Conclusions
Our study hypothesis was only partly confirmed. Periapical lesions were more prevalent among HPV-positive OPSCC patients, compared with the other groups. The number of residual roots was higher among HPV-negative subgroup. Thus, OPSCC patients had worse oral health parameters than OTSCC patients.
Workplace violence, bullying, burnout, job satisfaction and their correlation with depression among Bangladeshi nurses: A cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chowdhury Saifur Rahman , Kabir Humayun , Mazumder Sinthia , Akter Nahida , Chowdhury Mahmudur Rahman , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDepression is one of the most serious yet understudied issues among Bangladeshi nurses, bringing health dangers to this workforce. This study aimed to investigate how workplace violence (WPV), bullying, burnout, and job satisfaction are correlated with depression and identify the factors associated with depression among Bangladeshi nurses.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, data were collected between February 26, 2021, and July 10, 2021 from the Bangladeshi registered nurses. The Workplace Violence Scale (WPVS), the Short Negative Acts Questionnaire [S-NAQ], the Burnout Measure-Short version (BMS), the Short Index of Job Satisfaction (SIJS-5), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure WPV, bullying, burnout, job satisfaction, and depression, respectively. Inferential statistics include Pearson’s correlation test, t-test, one-way ANOVA test, multiple linear regression, and multiple hierarchal regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe study investigated 1,264 nurses (70.02% female) with an average age of 28.41 years (SD = 5.54). Depression was positively correlated with WPV, bullying, and burnout and negatively correlated with job satisfaction (p <0.001). According to the multiple linear regression model, depression was significantly lower among nurses with diploma degrees (β = -1.323, 95% CI = -2.149 to -0.497) and bachelor’s degrees (β = -1.327, 95% CI = -2.131 to– 0.523) compared to the nurses with master’s degree. The nurses who worked extended hours (>48 hours) had a significantly higher depression score (β = 1.490, 95% CI = 0.511 to 2.470) than those who worked ≤ 36 hours. Depression was found to be significantly higher among those who did not receive a timely salary (β = 2.136, 95% CI = 1.138 to 3.134), rewards for good works (β = 1.862, 95% CI = 1.117 to 2.607), and who had no training on WPV (β = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.092 to 1.698).ConclusionsControlling burnout, bullying, and workplace violence, as well as improving the work environment for nurses and increasing job satisfaction, are the essential indicators of reducing depression. This can be accomplished with integrative support from hospital executives, policymakers, and government officials.
Assessing the complexity of lectal competence: the register-specificity of the dative alternation aftergive
Authors: Engel Alexandra , Grafmiller Jason , Rosseel Laura , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that probabilistic grammars may be modulated by communication mode and genre. Accordingly, the question arises how complex language users’ lectal competence is, where complexity is proportional to the extent to which choice-making processes depend on the situation of language use. Do probabilistic constraints vary when we talk to a friend compared to when we give a speech? Are differences between spoken and written language larger than those within each mode? In the present study, we aim to approach these questions systematically. Guided by theorizing in cognitive (socio)linguistics and using logistic regression based on corpus materials, we analyzed the dative alternation withgive(The government gives farmers moneyvs.The government gives money to farmers) in four broad registers of English: spoken informal, spoken formal, written informal, and written formal. Corpus analysis was supplemented with a scalar rating experiment. Results suggest that language users’ probabilistic grammars vary as a function of register.
Crystal structure of dibromido-tetra((E)-(RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol-κ
1
N)zinc(II), C60H68O4N12Br2Cl8Zn
Authors: Li Jie , Yan Biao , Li Hongya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C60H68O4N12Br2Cl8Zn, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.0149 (13) Å, b = 13.671 (2) Å, c = 15.168 (2) Å, α = 92.280 (3)°, β = 97.441 (2)°, γ = 107.862 (2)°, V = 1758.0 (4) A3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0417, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 296 (2) K.
Transfer und Reinforcement Learning in der Produktionssteuerung
Authors: Steinbacher Lennart , Pering Espen , Freitag Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stetig steigende Komplexität und wachsende Informationsdichten in Produktionssystemen eröffnen Potentiale zur Anwendung von Methoden des maschinellen Lernens. Reinforcement Learning ist besonders geeignet, autonome agentenbasierte Steuerungen umzusetzen. Allerdings wird dessen Anwendung bei sich wandelnden Produktionssystemen erschwert. Es wird erstmalig gezeigt, dass der Transfer-Learning-Ansatz für Produktionssteuerungen mit Reinforcement Learning zu einem verbesserten Trainingserfolg führen kann.
Thyrotropinoma with silent somatotroph and lactotroph adenoma during pregnancy
Authors: Wu Yu-Fang , Ng Hui Yi , Namboodiri Divya , Lewis David , Davidson Andrew , Champion Bernard , Preda Veronica 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Thyrotropinomas are an uncommon cause of hyperthyroidism and are exceedingly rarely identified during pregnancy, with limited evidence to guide management. Most commonly they present as macroadenomas and may cause symptoms of mass effect including headache, visual field defects and hypopituitarism. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman investigated for headaches in whom a 13 mm thyrotropinoma was found. In the lead-up to planned trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS), she spontaneously conceived and surgery was deferred, as was pharmacotherapy, at her request. The patient was closely monitored through her pregnancy by a multi-disciplinary team and delivered without complication. Pituitary surgery was performed 6 months post-partum. Isolated secondary hypothyroidism was diagnosed postoperatively and replacement thyroxine was commenced. Histopathology showed a double lesion with predominant pituitary transcription factor-1 positive, steroidogenic factor negative plurihormonal adenoma and co-existent mixed thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, lactotroph and follicle-stimulating hormone staining with a Ki-67 of 1%. This case demonstrates a conservative approach to thyrotropinoma in pregnancy with a successful outcome. This highlights the need to consider the timing of intervention with careful consideration of risks to mother and fetus.

Learning points

Thyrotropinomas are a rare cause of secondary hyperthyroidism. Patients may present with hyperthyroidism or symptoms of mass effect, including headaches or visual disturbance.

Thyrotropinoma in pregnancy presents a number of pituitary-related risks including pituitary apoplexy and compression of local structures.

Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy raises the risk of complications including spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, low birthweight and premature labour.

Timing of medical and surgical therapies must be carefully considered. A conservative approach requires careful monitoring in case emergent intervention is required.
Telomeres and oocyte maturation rate are not reduced by COVID-19 except in severe cases
Authors: Chico-Sordo L , Polonio A M , Córdova-Oriz I , Medrano M , Herraiz S , Bronet F , García-Velasco J A , Varela E 
Published: September 2022

In brief
COVID-19 does not affect the telomeres or fertility outcomes in mild cases. However, in women with severe symptoms, telomeres of granulosa cells are shorter, and the oocyte maturation rate is decreased.

Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19 disease and affects primarily the lungs and also other organs, causing accelerated cell aging. One of the main pathways involved in aging is telomere attrition, which ultimately leads to defective tissue regeneration and organ dysfunction. Indeed, short telomeres in aged people aggravate the COVID-19 symptoms, and COVID-19 survivors showed shorter telomeres in blood cells. The SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in testis, but the ovaries, which express the viral entry factors, have not been fully explored. Our objective was to analyze telomeres and reproductive outcomes in women who had COVID-19 and controls. In this prospective cohort study, granulosa cells (GCs) and blood were collected from 65 women. Telomere length (TL) was measured by high-throughput in situ hybridization. Mean TL of GCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was alike in control and mild cases. However, mean TL of GCs was lower in severe cases compared to controls (P = 0.017). Control and COVID groups had similar ovarian reserve and number of total oocytes after puncture. However, the oocyte maturation rate was lower in severe cases (P =  0.018). Interestingly, a positive correlation between the oocyte maturation rate and TL of GCs was found in the control group (P = 0.024). Our findings point to a potential impact of the coronavirus infection on telomeres and reproductive outcomes in severe cases. This might be considered upon possible new SARS-CoV threats, to favor treatments that enhance oocyte maturation in women severely affected by coronavirus undergoing ART.