bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling the discrete element method and solid state diffusion equations for modeling of metallic powders sintering
Authors: Ivannikov V. , Thomsen F. , Ebel T. , Willumeit–Römer R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel discrete element method-based approach for modeling of solid state sintering of spherical metallic powder is presented. It tackles the interplay between the thermodynamical mass transport effects arising in the vicinity of the grain boundary between the particles and their mechanical interaction. To deal with the former, an elementary model is used that describes the behavior of the matter flow at the grain boundary such that neck growth and shrinkage are properly captured. The model solves a set of partial differential equations which drive the changes of the corresponding geometry parameters. Their evolution is transformed into the equivalent normal sintering force arising in each sinter neck. To capture the mechanical interaction of particles due to their rearrangement resulting from the geometry changes of each individual contact, the entire assembly is modeled as an assembly of 2-nodal structural elements with 6 degrees of freedom per node. The stiffness properties are estimated employing the approximations from the bonded DEM. The numerical implementation then constitutes a two-step staggered solution scheme, where these models are applied sequentially. The performed benchmarks reveal the plausibility of the proposed approach and exhibit good agreement of both neck growth and shrinkage rates obtained in the numerical simulations with the experimental data.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of fission fragments with state-of-the-art techniques
Authors: Leoni S. , Michelagnoli C. , Wilson J. N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper reviews recent developments in $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich fragments produced in nuclear fission. This subject has been an intensive area of study spanning more than five decades. Here we highlight key results and describe the evolution of the associated experimental techniques since the last review papers in 1995 (I. Ahmad and W.R. Phillips, Rep. Prog. Phys. 58(11), 1415 (1995); J. H. Hamilton et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 35, 635(1995)). Research themes in nuclear structure will be explored along with the fission reaction mechanism and the links to nuclear astrophysics and applications.
Link Prediction on Complex Networks: An Experimental Survey
Authors: Wu Haixia , Song Chunyao , Ge Yao , Ge Tingjian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComplex networks have been used widely to model a large number of relationships. The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact on various complex networks in the real world, for example global trade networks, air transport networks, and even social networks, known as racial equality issues caused by the spread of the epidemic. Link prediction plays an important role in complex network analysis in that it can find missing links or predict the links which will arise in the future in the network by analyzing the existing network structures. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the link prediction problem on complex networks. There are a variety of techniques for link prediction based on the topology of the network and the properties of entities. In this work, a new taxonomy is proposed to divide the link prediction methods into five categories and a comprehensive overview of these methods is provided. The network embedding-based methods, especially graph neural network-based methods, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years, have been creatively investigated as well. Moreover, we analyze thirty-six datasets and divide them into seven types of networks according to their topological features shown in real networks and perform comprehensive experiments on these networks. We further analyze the results of experiments in detail, aiming to discover the most suitable approach for each kind of network.
Evapotranspiration and Vegetation Cover Classifications Maps Based on Cloud Computing at the Arab Countries Scale
Authors: El-Shirbeny Mohammed Ahmed , Biradar Chandrashekhar , Amer Kamel , Paul Supria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the most recent Köppen–Geiger classification, Arab countries are divided into seven climate classes. Ground data availability is limited in developing countries, and ground meteorological data are scarce and concentrated in a few locations, rather than station maintenance capability being adequate for the responsibilities. The current study uses remote sensing and meteorological data to create regional classification maps of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), potential crop evapotranspiration, and vegetation cover in Arab countries from 2005 to 2020. The Stand-alone Remote Sensing Approach to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration (SARE) was used to estimate ETo using satellite data from 2005 to 2020. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were extracted from MODIS satellite data and used in the SARE model, in addition to elevation (E), Julian day (J), and Latitude (Lat). To validate the SARE model results, the FAO-Penman–Monteith model was applied to 35 ground meteorological stations distributed across Arab countries to cover all climate classes based on the most recent Köppen–Geiger climate classification. Google Earth Engine was used to create the classification. The statistical indices produced acceptable results, with average RMSE values ranging from 6.9 to 17.3 (mm/month), while correlation coefficient (r) and index of agreement (d) values are more significant than 0.9. To be included in the ETc calculation, the crop coefficient (Kc) was calculated using NDVI 250 m spatial resolution. The density of the vegetation cover is used to classify it (low to high). The average vegetation cover was calculated to be greater than 31.5 Mha. The minimum vegetation cover was 14.9 Mha, and the maximum vegetation cover was 49.2 Mha. 15.8 Mha can be cultivated without supplementary irrigation for at least one agricultural season, according to the rainfall classification map.
Relative pressure functions and their equilibrium states
Authors: YAYAMA YUKI 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor a subshift
$(X, \sigma _{X})$
and a subadditive sequence
${\mathcal F}=\{\log f_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$
on X, we study equivalent conditions for the existence of
$h\in C(X)$
such that
$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }(1/{n})\int \log f_{n}\, d\kern-1pt\mu =\int h \,d\kern-1pt\mu $
for every invariant measure
$\mu $
on X. For this purpose, we first we study necessary and sufficient conditions for
${\mathcal F}$
to be an asymptotically additive sequence in terms of certain properties for periodic points. For a factor map
$\pi : X\rightarrow Y$
, where
$(X, \sigma _{X})$
is an irreducible shift of finite type and
$(Y, \sigma _{Y})$
is a subshift, applying our results and the results obtained by Cuneo [Additive, almost additive and asymptotically additive potential sequences are equivalent. Comm. Math. Phys.37 (3) (2020), 2579–2595] on asymptotically additive sequences, we study the existence of h with regard to a subadditive sequence associated to a relative pressure function. This leads to a characterization of the existence of a certain type of continuous compensation function for a factor map between subshifts. As an application, we study the projection
$\pi \mu $
of an invariant weak Gibbs measure
$\mu $
for a continuous function on an irreducible shift of finite type.
Mary Shelley'sThe Last Man: Existentialism and IR meet the post-apocalyptic pandemic novel
Authors: Hunt Eileen M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMary Shelley mined the ideas of international thought to help develop three new subgenres of modern political science fiction (‘poliscifi’): post-apocalyptic, existential, and dystopian. Her two great works of poliscifi,Frankenstein(1818), andThe Last Man(1826) – confront the social problems that arise from humanity's technological and cultural interventions in the wider environment. This article recoversThe Last Mannot only as the first modern post-apocalyptic pandemic novel, but also as an important source for the existentialist tradition, dystopian literature, and their intersections with what I call ‘Literary IR’. ComparingThe Last Manwith its probable sources and influences – from Thucydides and Vattel to Orwell and Camus – reveals Shelley's ethical and political concerns with the overlapping problems of interpersonal and international conflict.The Last Mandramatises how interpersonal conflict, if left unchecked, can spiral into the wider sociopolitical injustices of violence, war, and other human-made disasters such as species extinction, pandemics, and more metaphorical ‘existential’ plagues like loneliness and despair. Despite these dark themes and legacies, Shelley's authorship of the great plague novel of the nineteenth century also inspired a truly hopeful post-apocalyptic existential response to crisis and conflict in feminist poliscifi by Margaret Atwood, Octavia Butler, and Emily St. John Mandel.
Unravelling the suitability of Branchinecta gaini as a potential biomonitor of contaminants of emerging concern in the Antarctic Peninsula region
Authors: González-Aravena Marcelo , Iturra Graciela , Font Alejandro , Cárdenas César A. , Rondon Rodolfo , Bergami Elisa , Corsi Ilaria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe occurrence and impact of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have been investigated in Antarctica much less than in other parts of the world. Although legacy anthropogenic pollutants can reach Antarctica via long-range transport, CECs mainly originate from local sources. Here, we investigated the ability of a freshwater crustacean, the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini, to cope with nanoscale titanium dioxide (n-TiO2), a widely used pigment in consumer products (e.g. paintings), including those for personal care (e.g. sunscreens). An in vivo acute short-term exposure study (9 h, n-TiO2 concentration range 50–200 μg ml-1) was performed and the expression levels of several genes involved in stress response were evaluated. No effect on the expression of heat-shock protein chaperone genes was found, with the exception of Hsp70a, which was significantly upregulated at 200 μg ml-1 n-TiO2. Similarly, cytochrome P450 was upregulated at 100 and 200 μg ml-1 n-TiO2, while the expression levels of cathepsin L and of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of n-TiO2. This study shows for the first time the responsiveness and sensitivity of an Antarctic freshwater crustacean to n-TiO2 exposure and supports its suitability as a biomonitor of CECs in Antarctica.
Better understanding how uncertainty impacts the economy: Insights from internet search data on the importance of disaggregation
Authors: Shields Kalvinder , Tran Trung Duc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of uncertainty shocks using a disaggregated model featuring US state-level unemployment, and uncertainty measured using state-level Google search data. Importantly, the model captures spillovers across states and identifies substantial differences in peak responses and time dynamics. Moreover, the importance of national factors in propagating the effect of uncertainty is also heterogeneous across states, but less relevant than state-level factors. These heterogeneous effects are related to state-specific industry compositions and fiscal positions. In addition, we highlight the usefulness of disaggregated data in models of uncertainty and economic activity for the USA, based on the superior ability of the disaggregate model to predict aggregate uncertainty and unemployment.
Canine leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs: a systematic review
Authors: Costa Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges , Colocho Raisa Abreu Bragança , Pereira Carine Rodrigues , Lage Andrey Pereira , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Dorneles Elaine Maria Seles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among stray and sheltered dogs worldwide. Six databases were searched, which resulted in the retrieval of 476 articles. Sixty articles were selected for analysis according to 10 quality criteria. Among the selected papers, 26 papers [43.4% (26/60)] met five of the 10 quality criteria established, 10 papers [16.7% (10/60)] met three criteria, nine papers [15.0% (9/60)] met four criteria, six papers [10.0% (6/60)] met six criteria, four papers [6.7% (4/60)] met eight criteria, and three papers [5.0% (3/60)] met nine of the 10 criteria, whereas two papers [1.7% (1/60)] met two and seven [1.7% (1/60)] criteria. Publications originated mainly from the Americas [45.0% (27/60)] and in the last 16 years (2003–2019) [81.7% (49/60)], and most of the sampled dogs were stray dogs [65.0% (39/60)]. The most commonly used diagnostic test for leptospirosis was the microscopic agglutination test [78.4% (47/60)] followed by polymerase chain reaction [21.7% (13/60)], and the most common serovars were Canicola [71.4% (35/49)], Icterohaemorrhagiae [65.3% (32/49)], Grippotyphosa [40.8% (20/49)], and Pomona [40.8% (20/49)]. In conclusion, our results showed thatLeptospiraspp. are present in unowned dogs worldwide; however, the low-methodological quality of the recovered cross-sectional studies precluded a meta-analysis.
Latino Growth and Whites’ Anti-Black Resentment
Authors: Abascal Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe size and especially the growth of the Latino population in the United States are associated with anti-Latino and anti-immigrant attitudes. Findings from a recent line of experimental work suggest that Latino growth may also be associated with Whites’ anti-Black attitudes. Racial status threat could account for this association if Whites view Latino growth as a potential challenge to their status within a multi-group system that includes Blacks. Alternatively, or in addition, by engendering instability and uncertainty, Latino growth may promote ideological conservatism, which itself predicts racial attitudes. Building on prior work, this study examines the association between real, local Latino population growth––as opposed to manipulated or perceived growth––and Whites’ anti-Black resentment for a nationally representative sample of White Americans. Using data from the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey, the study finds that Whites in counties where the Latino population grew more report stronger anti-Black resentment. They are also more likely to perceive a threat to Whites’ racial status and to endorse ideological conservatism. Perceived threat and conservatism each partially account for the association between Latino growth and anti-Black resentment, suggesting the effect of Latino growth on anti-Black resentment is mediated through both channels.
Salinity Variability Modes in the Pacific Ocean From the Perspectives of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and Global Warming
Authors: Shi H. Y. , Du L. , Ni X. B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOcean salinity can be used as an important indicator of climate change by measuring the global hydrological cycle. In our research, observations and reanalysis data sets are applied to determine that, from 1950 to 2018, long‐term salinity change in the upper tropical Pacific Ocean was dominated by two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) leading modes on decadal to longer time scales. The first leading mode is defined as the decadal mode, which is related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Additionally, the second leading mode is a global warming‐related mode. The decadal mode is highly correlated with the IPO index and its decadal fluctuation significantly enhanced after the 1990s. Salinity budget analyses demonstrate that the freshwater flux term is the major contribution to decadal salinity change. We also proposed that the importance of ocean circulation modulation tends to be increasingly significant after the 1990s. The relative importance of the two salinity modes reversed over the upper 400 m. The global warming‐related mode strengthened and became the dominant mode in the subsurface ocean, while the decadal mode weakened. The subsurface freshening is mainly induced by diapycnal mixing and the poleward migration of the ventilated region. Both of these processes were seen in subsurface isopycnal layers, which reveals a connection between ocean interior dynamic modulation and climate change.
Mixed Layer Salinity Balance in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Zhengbei , Wang Jing , Yuan Dongliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mixed layer salinity (MLS) balance in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean is investigated using observations and output from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean model. The results suggest that the annual mean MLS is determined by the balance between the surface freshwater forcing and ocean advection. The seasonal MLS variation in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean is driven strongly by salt advection associated with the Wyrtki Jet in spring and fall despite weak seasonal cycles of precipitation and evaporation over this region. Off the south Java coast, the MLS is the lowest in summer, due to the advection of freshwater southward associated with the meridional currents, whereas it reaches the maximum in fall, due to strong evaporation. During the negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the anomalous eastward currents transported high‐salinity water to the east, generating positive MLS anomalies in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. The regional evaporation minus precipitation anomalies were negative, which reduced the MLS. The MLS balance during the positive IOD is found to be nearly a mirror reflection of that during the negative IOD.
Natural Time Analysis and Nowcasting of Quasi‐Periodic Collapse Events During the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano Eruptive Sequence
Authors: Fildes Rebecca A. , Turcotte Donald L. , Rundle John B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe period of heightened volcanic and seismic activity at Kīlauea volcano on the island of Hawai’i, USA from late spring through summer 2018 included a remarkable quasi‐periodic sequence of caldera collapse events. From mid‐May to early‐August, 62 collapse events, each releasing the seismic energy equivalent of a Mw 5.0 ± 0.4 earthquake, occurred about every 1–2 days with over 300 M ≥ 2.5 earthquakes between sequential collapses. This region, experiencing very high rates of seismicity and frequent large magnitude events, is a good candidate to apply a regional seismic hazard assessment. Nowcasting is a type of statistical analysis that uses small magnitude events to estimate the occurrence of large magnitude events. This is done utilizing the concept of natural time in which time is counted by small magnitude event occurrences between large magnitude events, not in clock time (days passed). This method has produced a “nowcasted” set of large earthquakes that are in good agreement with the actual cataloged events in prior studies analyzing non‐volcanic regions. Previously applied to tectonic earthquakes and induced seismicity over longer time frames, this is the first test of nowcasting large caldera collapse events in volcanic associated seismicity and on a relatively short time scale. The technique produced limited “success” nowcasting 37 collapse events that agreed with the catalog of actual events. A temporal dependence of successful nowcasting during the sequence was found that may correlate to previously identified and analyzed physical changes in the volcanic system.
Tunable liquid crystal grating based holographic 3D display system with wide viewing angle and large size
Authors: Li Yi-Long , Li Nan-Nan , Wang Di , Chu Fan , Lee Sin-Doo , Zheng Yi-Wei , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs one of the most ideal display approaches, holographic 3-dimensional (3D) display has always been a research hotspot since the holographic images reproduced in such system are very similar to what humans see the actual environment. However, current holographic 3D displays suffer from critical bottlenecks of narrow viewing angle and small size. Here, we propose a tunable liquid crystal grating-based holographic 3D display system with wide viewing angle and large size. Our tunable liquid crystal grating, providing an adjustable period and the secondary diffraction of the reconstructed image, enables to simultaneously implement two different hologram generation methods in achieving wide viewing angle and enlarged size, respectively. By using the secondary diffraction mechanism of the tunable liquid crystal grating, the proposed system breaks through the limitations of narrow viewing angle and small size of holographic 3D display. The proposed system shows a viewing angle of 57.4°, which is nearly 7 times of the conventional case with a single spatial light modulator, and the size of the reconstructed image is enlarged by about 4.2. The proposed system will have wide applications in medical diagnosis, advertising, education and entertainment and other fields.
Pleistocene drivers of Northwest African hydroclimate and vegetation
Authors: O’Mara Nicholas A. , Skonieczny Charlotte , McGee David , Winckler Gisela , Bory Aloys J.-M. , Bradtmiller Louisa I. , Malaizé Bruno , Polissar Pratigya J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSavanna ecosystems were the landscapes for human evolution and are vital to modern Sub-Saharan African food security, yet the fundamental drivers of climate and ecology in these ecosystems remain unclear. Here we generate plant-wax isotope and dust flux records to explore the mechanistic drivers of the Northwest African monsoon, and to assess ecosystem responses to changes in monsoon rainfall and atmospheric pCO2. We show that monsoon rainfall is controlled by low-latitude insolation gradients and that while increases in precipitation are associated with expansion of grasslands into desert landscapes, changes in pCO2 predominantly drive the C3/C4 composition of savanna ecosystems.