bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REAP‐HP survey 2020: Comparing the real‐world practice and expectation in Helicobacter pylori eradication of the Taiwanese gastroenterologists in 2015 and 2020
Authors: Chuah Yoen‐Young , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Chen Kuan‐Yang , Yang Jyh‐Chin , Lee Chia‐Long , Chen Chien‐Lin , Shiu Sz‐Iuan , Shie Chang‐Bih , Shih Chih‐An , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Liu Yu‐Hwa , Hsu Ping‐I ,   for the Taiwan Acid‐related Disease & Microbiota Consortium (TARD‐M)
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundREAP‐HP study (Real‐world practice and Expectation of Asia‐Pacific physicians and patients in Helicobacter Pylori eradication) was the pioneer study investigating the expectation and preference of physicians across Asia‐Pacific in H. pylori eradication in 2015. This study is the first follow‐up study of REAP‐HP in Taiwan.Aims(1) To investigate the preference in regimens for the first‐line anti‐H. pylori therapy of Taiwanese gastroenterologist in 2020, (2) To survey the factor that cause the most concern when prescribing anti‐H. pylori regimens in clinical practice, and (3) to compare REAP‐HP survey data in 2020 and those surveyed in 2015 regarding the abovementioned end‐points.MethodsA questionnaire for H. pylori eradication survey of physicians was distributed to the gastroenterologists who attended the Taiwan Digestive Disease Week 2020. Data of most commonly used first‐line anti‐H. pylori regimens and concerned factors when prescribing anti‐H. pylori regimens between 2015 and 2020 were compared.ResultsA total of 258 physicians from different districts of Taiwan participated in the REAP‐HP Survey in 2020. The top three most commonly used anti‐H. pylori regimens in Taiwan in 2020 were 14‐day standard triple therapy (36.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.9%–42.7%), 7‐day standard triple therapy (17.8%; 95% CI: 13.1%–22.5%) and 14‐day reverse hybrid therapy (14.7%; 95% CI: 10.4%–19.0%) respectively. The top two factors that cause the most concern during prescribing anti‐H. pylori therapy were eradication rate (82.3%; 95% CI: 77.6%–87.0%) and side effect (10.4%; 95% CI: 6.7%–15.1%). In 2015, the top three most commonly used regimens in Taiwan were 7‐day standard triple therapy (62%; 95% CI: 56.2%–67.8%), 14‐day standard triple therapy (21%; 95% CI: 16.1%–25.9%) and 10‐day sequential therapy (7%; 95% CI: 4%–10%). A remarkable difference of the most commonly used anti‐H. pylori regimens between 2015 and 2020 existed (p < .001). The top two factors that cause the most concern during prescribing anti‐H. pylori therapy in 2015 were eradication rate (84.1%) and side effect (7.0%). There were no differences in the factors that cause the most concern during prescribing anti‐H. pylori regimens between 2015 and 2020.Conclusion14‐day standard triple therapy has replaced 7‐day standard triple therapy as the most commonly used first‐line anti‐H. pylori therapy among Taiwanese gastroenterologists in 2020. 14‐day reverse hybrid therapy is on rise to the third place as the most commonly used anti‐H. pylori regimen in Taiwan.
Human papillomavirus self‐testing among unscreened and under‐screened Māori, Pasifika and Asian women in Aotearoa New Zealand: A preference survey among responders and interviews with clinical‐trial nonresponders
Authors: Sherman Susan M. , Brewer Naomi , Bartholomew Karen , Bromhead Collette , Crengle Sue , Cunningham Chris , Douwes Jeroen , Foliaki Sunia , Grant Jane , Maxwell Anna , McPherson Georgina , Scott Nina , Wihongi Helen , Potter John D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMāori, Pasifika and Asian women are less likely to attend cervical screening and Māori and Pasifika women are more likely to be diagnosed with later‐stage cervical cancer than other women in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study—with under‐screened women taking part in a randomized‐controlled trial comparing self‐testing and standard screening—explored the acceptability of a human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐test kit and the preferred method for receiving it.MethodsMāori, Pasifika and Asian women (N= 376) completed a cross‐sectional postal questionnaire. Twenty‐six women who had not accepted the trial invitation were interviewed to understand their reasons for nonparticipation.ResultsMost women found the self‐test kit easy and convenient to use and reported that they did not find it painful, uncomfortable or embarrassing. This was reflected in the preference for a self‐test over a future smear test on the same grounds. Most women preferred to receive the kit by mail and take the test themselves, rather than having it done by a doctor or nurse. There was a range of preferences relating to how to return the kit. Phone calls with nonresponders revealed that, although most had received the test kit, the reasons for not choosing to be involved included not wanting to, being too busy or forgetting.ConclusionHPV self‐testing was acceptable for Māori, Pasifika and Asian women in Aotearoa New Zealand. HPV self‐testing has considerable potential to reduce the inequities in the current screening programme and should be made available with appropriate delivery options as soon as possible.Patient or Public ContributionThis study explored the acceptability of HPV self‐testing and their preferences for engaging with it among Māori, Pasifika and Asian women. Thus, women from these underserved communities were the participants and focus of this study.
A cross‐sectional assessment of frailty, falls and perceptions of ageing in people living withHIVusing anmHealthplatform
Authors: Levett Tom J. , Vera Jaime H. , Jones Christopher I. , Bremner Stephen , Leon Agathe , Begovac Josip , Apers Ludwig , Borges Margarida , Zekan Sime , Teofilo Eugenio , Garcia Felipe , Whetham Jennifer ,   the EmERGE Consortium
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate frailty, falls and perceptions of ageing among clinically stable individuals with HIV, engaged with remote healthcare delivered via a novel smartphone application.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre Europeancross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based sub‐study of EmERGE participants. Frailty was assessed using the five‐item FRAIL scale. Present criteria were summed and categorized as follows: 0, robust; 1–2, pre‐frail; 3–5, frail. Falls history and EQ‐5D‐5L quality of life measure were completed. Participants were asked their felt age and personal satisfaction with ageing.ResultsA total of 1373 participated, with a mean age of 45 (± 9.8) years. Frailty was uncommon at 2%; 12.4% fell in the previous year, 58.8% of these recurrently. Mood symptoms and pain were prevalent, at 43.3% and 31.8%, respectively. Ageing satisfaction was high at 76.4%, with 74.6% feeling younger than their chronological age; the mean felt age was 39.3 years. In multivariable analysis, mood symptoms and pain were positively associated with frailty, falls and ageing dissatisfaction. An increase in pain severity and mood symptoms were respectively associated with 34% and 63% increased odds of pre‐frailty/frailty. An increment in pain symptoms was associated with a 71% increase in odds of falling. Pain was associated with ageing poorly, as were mood symptoms, with odds of dissatisfaction increasing by 34% per increment in severity.ConclusionsAlthough uncommon, frailty, falls and ageing dissatisfaction were seen in a younger cohort with medically stable HIV infection using a remote care model, promoting screening as advocated by European guidelines. These were more common in those with pain or mood symptoms, which should be proactively managed in clinical care and explored further in future research.
Beyond the brands: COVID‐19, supply chain governance, and the state–labor nexus
Authors: Ford Michele , Gillan Michael , Ward Kristy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the role played by brands, producer‐country governments, and unions in mitigating the impact of disruptions caused to garment supply chains by COVID‐19 in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Myanmar. Its findings challenge brand‐centric accounts, highlighting the need for more serious consideration of the dynamic, relational nature of labor governance—and, in particular, of the role of the state–labor nexus in determining producer‐country unions' ability to exercise strategic agency within global supply chains.
A comparative perspective on long‐term care systems
Authors: Kotschy Rainer , Bloom David E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the challenges of ageing for long‐term care. The analysis proceeds in three steps. In the first step, we estimate the prospective care demand for 30 developed countries based on projected ageing and disabilities among the elderly. In the second step, we outline challenges for care systems with respect to shortages of care workers, increasing skill requirements for care workers, barriers to universal and equitable access to care, and cost containment subject to adequate care quality. In the third step, we identify solutions for these challenges by comparing the care systems of Germany, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Netherlands.
Providing long‐term care: Options for a better workforce
Authors: Llena‐Nozal Ana , Rocard Eileen , Sillitti Paola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOlder people and their care workers have been disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many OECD Member countries have taken measures to contain the spread of the infection and improve the care workforce. Yet the health crisis is highlighting and exacerbating pre‐existing structural problems in the long‐term care (LTC) sector. In many OECD Member countries, recruiting enough workers in LTC remains a challenge and care workers experience difficult working conditions. Skills mismatch and poor integration with the rest of health care lie at the root of preventable hospital admissions even in normal times. Such challenges are likely to become ever more acute if no further action is taken given the speed of population ageing. Policies to improve recruitment and which also address retention through training, improvements in coordination and productivity, leveraging the effect of digital technologies, are needed.
Fracture toughness evaluation of silicon nitride from microstructures via convolutional neural network
Authors: Furushima Ryoichi , Maruyama Yutaka , Nakashima Yuki , Ngo Minh Chu , Ohji Tatsuki , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fracture toughness of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics was evaluated directly from their microstructures via deep learning using convolutional neural network models. Totally 156 data sets containing microstructural images and relative densities were prepared from 45 types of Si3N4 samples as input feature quantities (IFQs) and were correlated to the fracture toughness as an objective variable. The data sets were divided into two groups. One was used for training, resulting in the creation of regression models for two kinds of IFQs: the microstructures only and a combination of the microstructures and the relative densities. The other group was used for testing the validity of the created models. As a result, the determination coefficient was approximately 0.8 even when using only the microstructures as the IFQs and was further improved when adding the relative densities. It was revealed that the fracture toughness of Si3N4 ceramics was well evaluated from their microstructures.
Performance gradient distribution of (Ti,W)C cermet by skin effects of high‐frequency spark plasma sintering
Authors: Yi Mingdong , Wang Zhiyong , Song Yingjie , Meng Zheng , Chen Zhaoqiang , Xiao Guangchun , Xu Chonghai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA (Ti,W)C cermet with graded properties was prepared using high‐frequency spark plasma sintering (HF‐SPS). The effects of the sintering process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared cermet material were studied, and the densification behavior of the material was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Owing to the skin effect and pulse current discharge in HF‐SPS, the experimental results showed different sintering effects, as indicated by the current density difference between the surface layer and bulk. On one hand, the surface‐layer grains were larger, the metal phase was concentrated, and the hardness was high; however, the bulk grains were smaller, the metal phase was uniformly distributed, and the strength and toughness were high, causing the material to account for the higher hardness of the surface layer and the bulk strength and toughness. The skin effect of pulse direct current was key for the performance gradient distribution, whereas increases in the current density and sintering temperature decreased the skin effect. In general, the Joule heat effect was more significant, leading to abnormal grain growth.
Disentangling empowerment: Considering the role of employee perceptions in adaptive selling
Authors: Rigolizzo Michele , Johnson Kevin J. , Harvey Jean‐François 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs more jobs require employees to continually learn and adapt, empowering employees to adopt learning goals becomes a competitive advantage. Although research has identified key leadership behaviors that empower employees, the relationship between managers and empowered employees is ongoing and dynamic. Therefore, it is important to understand how key leadership behaviors interact with employees in their current state of empowerment to influence learning and performance. In this paper, we draw from self‐determination theory to argue that the way employees perceive a given leadership behavior will differ by dimension of empowerment, and these perceptions impact their intrinsic motivation to learn. Specifically, employees who are high in competence and impact will perceive the leadership behavior of goal clarity as controlling, and be less likely to set learning goals, while those who are high in autonomy and meaning will perceive the same behavior as supportive, and be more likely to set learning goals. In a time‐lagged study of 349 salespeople, we find that goal clarity acts as a boundary condition by weakening the relationship between empowerment and learning goal orientation (LGO) for those high on the competence and impact dimensions. As hypothesized, we find that the same behavior of goal clarity actually strengthens the relationship for those high on the autonomy and meaning dimensions. Further, we provide theoretical and empirical evidence that LGO mediates the relationship between empowerment and adaptive selling.
Gross anatomical description of the extrinsic and intrinsic scapular and brachial muscles of Sapajus apella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Monroy‐Cendales María José , Vélez‐García Juan Fernando , Castañeda‐Serrano Román David , Miglino Maria Angélica 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe robust brown capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) is a South American primate with preferences for arboreal locomotion, which requires specific thoracic limb muscle adaptations. The present investigation studied the gross anatomy of the extrinsic and intrinsic scapular and brachial muscles.MethodsGross dissections were performed in both thoracic limbs of four formaldehyde‐fixed specimens.ResultsThree rhomboideus muscles were present (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis). The trapezius muscle was divided into two parts (cervicis and thoracis). The pectoralis abdominalis and omotransversarius muscles were present. The anconeus muscle was found as an individual muscle or fused to the caput mediale of the triceps brachii muscle. The brachialis muscle had among one and two heads. The anconeus epitrochlearis was absent.ConclusionThese muscles of Sapajus apella are adapted for arboreal locomotion and some terrestrial habits, since these have many similarities with other primates with a similar locomotor patterns.
CCN6improves hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Song Yiran , Li Chenyang , Luo Yuxin , Guo Jinbo , Kang Yaxing , Yin Fengrong , Ye Lihong , Sun Donglei , Yu Jun , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCCN6 is a secretory protein with functions of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and anti‐oxidative stress; and yet, whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still obscure. We investigated the role and mechanism of CCN6 in the development of NASH.MethodsHuman liver tissue samples were collected to detect the expression profile of CCN6. High‐fat‐high‐cholesterol (HFHC) and methionine choline‐deficient (MCD) diet were applied to mice to establish NASH animal models. Liver‐specific overexpression of CCN6 was induced in mice by tail vein injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV), and then the effect of CCN6 on the course of NASH was observed. Free fatty acid (FFA) was applied to HepG2 cells to construct the cell model of steatosis, and the effect of CCN6 was investigated by knocking down the expression of CCN6 through small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection.ResultsWe found that CCN6 expression was significantly downregulated in the liver of NASH. We confirmed that liver‐specific overexpression of CCN6 significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation response and fibrosis in NASH mice. Based on RNA‐seq analysis, we revealed that CCN6 significantly affected the MAPK pathway. Then, by interfering with apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), we identified the ASK1/MAPK pathway pairs as the targets of CCN6 action.ConclusionsCCN6 protects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation response and fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of ASK1 along with its downstream MAPK signalling. CCN6 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH.
Discordant population structure among rhizobium divided genomes and their legume hosts
Authors: Riley Alex B. , Grillo Michael A. , Epstein Brendan , Tiffin Peter , Heath Katy D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSymbiosis often occurs between partners with distinct life history characteristics and dispersal mechanisms. Many bacterial symbionts have genomes comprising multiple replicons with distinct rates of evolution and horizontal transmission. Such differences might drive differences in population structure between hosts and symbionts and among the elements of the divided genomes of bacterial symbionts. These differences might, in turn, shape the evolution of symbiotic interactions and bacterial evolution. Here we use whole genome resequencing of a hierarchically structured sample of 191 strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti collected from 21 locations in southern Europe to characterize population structures of this bacterial symbiont, which forms a root nodule symbiosis with the host plant Medicago truncatula. S. meliloti genomes showed high local (within‐site) variation and little isolation by distance. This was particularly true for the two symbiosis elements, pSymA and pSymB, which have population structures that are similar to each other, but distinct from both the bacterial chromosome and the host plant. Given limited recombination on the chromosome, compared to the symbiosis elements, distinct population structures may result from differences in effective gene flow. Alternatively, positive or purifying selection, with little recombination, may explain distinct geographical patterns at the chromosome. Discordant population structure between hosts and symbionts indicates that geographically and genetically distinct host populations in different parts of the range might interact with genetically similar symbionts, potentially minimizing local specialization.
Temperature dependence of O2 respiration in mangrove leaves and roots: implications for seedling dispersal phenology
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Akaji Yasuaki , Baba Shigeyuki , Noguchi Ko 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Seasonal differences in diaspore dispersal of three mangrove species, Kandelia obovata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, suggest that respiratory energy production and demand may differ as a result of interspecific differences in temperature dependence of growth and maintenance processes during seedling establishment.

We analyzed growth, temperature dependencies of respiratory O2 consumption and amounts of respiratory chain enzymes in seedlings of these species grown at various temperatures.

Respiration rates measured at the low reference temperature, RREF, were highest in leaves of 15°C‐grown K. obovata, whose dispersal occurs in the cold season, while root RREF of 15°C‐grown R. stylosa was 60% those of the other species, possibly because of warm conditions during its establishment phase. In leaves and roots of K. obovata and leaves of R. stylosa, the overall activation energy, Eo, changed with growth temperature associated with changes in the ratios of the amount of protein in the two respiratory pathways. However, Eo of seedlings of B. gymnorrhiza, which has a long dispersal phase, were constant and independent of growth temperature.

The different temperature responses of seedling respiration and growth among these three species may reflect the seasonal temperature range of seedling dispersal and establishment in each species.
Childhood asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xie Junyang , Chen Gui , Liang Tianhao , Li Ang , Liu Weixing , Wang Yiyan , Wang Xiaofen , Kuang Xiaoxuan , Han DeMin , Liao Wenjing , Song Lijuan , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide incidence and prevalence of both asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been increasing in past decades. Association between the two diseases has been found in some but not in other studies.ObjectiveWe conducted a meta‐analysis to verify such an association, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the potential cause‐effect relationships.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception to February 1, 2021. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. Associations between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms with childhood asthma and T1DM were selected based on genome‐wide association studies. The outcome datasets were obtained from FinnGen study. We used the inverse‐variance‐weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR‐Egger methods to estimate causal effects. To assess robustness and horizontal pleiotropy, MR‐Egger regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test were conducted.ResultsIn meta‐analysis, childhood asthma was associated with an increased risk of T1DM (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.61, P = .014), whereas T1DM was not associated with the risk of asthma (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.64–1.51, P = .941; OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.65–1.08, P = .168). MR analysis indicated increased genetic risk of T1DM in children with asthma (OR = 1.308; 95% CI 1.030–1.661; P = .028). Analysis using the IVW method indicated no association between T1DM and genetic risk of asthma (OR = 1.027, 95%CI 0.970–1.089, P = .358).ConclusionBoth meta‐analysis and MR study suggested that childhood asthma was a risk factor for T1DM. No epidemiological or genetic evidence was found for an association of T1DM with asthma incidence. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better clinical and experimental research in asthma and T1DM.