bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
حل المعادلات التفاضلية الخطية والغير الخطية باستخدام طريقة التحويل التفاضلي
Authors: Rasha H. Ibraheem  
Published: April 2022

في هذا البحث تم استخدام طريقة التحويل التفاضلية(DTM) لحل النظام الخطي والغير الخطي للمعادلات التفاضلية الضبابية. يتم حساب الحل التقريبي للنظام على شكل سلسلة متقاربة سريعة باستخدام أوصاف وخصائص نظرية المجموعة الضبابية , وهذه الطريقة تلتقط الحل الدقيق لتوضيح القدرة والخواص الدقيقة لهذه العملية , يتم حل بعض أنظمة المعادلات التفاضلية الضبابية كأمثلة عددية.يتم عرض مقارنة النتائج العادية المقيمة مع الحلول الدقيقة لكل مجموعة مستويات ضبابية في شكل جداول .
المقتضى التركيبي و وظيفته الحجاجية في حديث القرآن عن الحرية
Authors: Prof.Dr.Ethar Shawqi Saadon  
Published: April 2022

من المفاهيم التي أولاها القرآن الكريم أهمية كبرى حتى عدت مبدأ أساسا تستند اليه القوانين الشرعية مفهوم الحرية , اذ جاءت النصوص معززة لحق بني آدم على اختلاف ألسنتهم و ألوانهم في الحرية الفكرية الدينية وحرية التعبير و حرية الزواج و الطلاق و حرية العمل و السفر و الدراسة و غيرها من الحريات التي تدخل ضمن قاعدة (لا ضرر و لا ضرار).
ونظرا لأن مصطلح (الحرية) لم يرد في القرآن بلفظه و إنما بمفهومه, ارتأينا تتبع الآيات التي تحدد المفهوم القرآني للحرية و تحليل مقتضاها التركيبي وصولا الى وظيفتها الحجاجية لنقف على حدود الاتفاق او الاختلاف و لنرسم أطر التدعيم أو التعارض مع مفاهيم الحرية التي جاءت بها القوانين الوضعية.
Packed in‐tube SPME–LC–MS/MS for fast and straightforward analysis of cannabinoids and metabolites in human urine
Authors: Morisue Sartore Douglas , Costa Jose Luiz , Lanças Fernando Mauro , Santos‐Neto Álvaro José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCannabinoids are pharmacologically active compounds present in cannabis plants, which have become important research topics in the modern toxicological and medical research fields. Not only is cannabis the most used drug globally, but also cannabinoids have a growing use to treat a series of diseases. Therefore, new, fast, and efficient analytical methods for analyzing these substances in different matrices are demanded. This study developed a new packed‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction (IT‐SPME) method coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), for the automated microextraction of seven cannabinoids from human urine. Packed IT‐SPME microcolumns were prepared in (508 µm i.d. × 50 mm) stainless‐steel hardware; each one required only 12 mg of sorbent phase. Different sorbents were evaluated; fractional factorial design 24−1 and a central composite design were employed for microextraction optimization. Under optimized conditions, the developed method was a fast and straightforward approach. Only 250 µl of urine sample was needed, and no hydrolysis was required. The sample pretreatment included only dilution and centrifugation steps (8 min), whereas the complete IT‐SPME–LC–MS/MS method took another 12 min, with a sample throughput of 3 samples h−1. The developed method presented adequate precision, accuracy and linearity; R2 values ranged from 0.990 to 0.997, in the range of 10–1000 ng ml−1. The lower limits of quantification varied from 10 to 25 ng ml−1. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze 20 actual urine samples, and the IT‐SPME microcolumn was reused over 150 times.
Longitudinal 3T MRI T2* mapping of Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions differentiates operative from non‐operative patients—Pilot study
Authors: Kajabi Abdul Wahed , Zbýň Štefan , Johnson Casey P. , Tompkins Marc A. , Nelson Bradley J. , Takahashi Takashi , Shea Kevin G. , Marette Shelly , Carlson Cathy S. , Ellermann Jutta M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJuvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an orthopedic joint disorder of children and adolescents that can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Thirteen patients (mean age: 12.3 years, 4 females), 15 JOCD‐affected and five contralateral healthy knees, that had a baseline and a follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean interval of 8.9 months) and were treated nonoperatively during this interval were included. Retrospectively, patients were assigned to operative or nonoperative groups based on their electronic medical records. Volumetric mean T2* values were calculated within regions of interest (progeny lesion, interface, parent bone) and region matched control bone in healthy contralateral knees and condyles. The normalized percentage difference of T2* between baseline and follow up MRI in nonoperative patients significantly increased in progeny lesion (−47.8%, p < 0.001), parent bone (−13.9%, p < 0.001), and interface (−32.3%, p = 0.011), whereas the differences in operative patients were nonsignificant and below 11%. In nonoperative patients, the progeny lesion (p < 0.001) and interface T2* values (p = 0.012) were significantly higher than control bone T2* at baseline, but not at follow‐up (p = 0.219, p = 1.000, respectively). In operative patients, the progeny lesion and interface T2* values remained significantly elevated compared to the control bone both at baseline (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and follow‐up (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), respectively. Clinical Significance: Longitudinal T2* mapping differentiated nonhealing from healing JOCD lesions following initial nonoperative treatment, which may assist in prognosis and improve the ability of surgeons to make recommendations regarding operative versus nonoperative treatment.
Cartilage decisively shapes the glenoid concavity and contributes significantly to shoulder stability
Authors: Souleiman F. , Zderic I. , Pastor T. , Varga P. , Helfen T. , Richards G. , Gueorguiev B. , Theopold J. , Osterhoff G. , Hepp P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glenohumeral joint injuries frequently result in shoulder instability. However, the biomechanical effect of cartilage loss on shoulder stability remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate biomechanically the effect of two severity stages of cartilage loss in different dislocation directions on shoulder stability.

Methods
Joint dislocation was provoked in 11 human cadaveric glenoids for 7 different directions between 3 o'clock (anterior) and 9 o'clock (posterior). Shoulder stability ratio (SSR) and concavity gradient were assessed in three states: intact, 3 mm and 6 mm simulated cartilage loss. The influence of cartilage loss on SSR and concavity gradient was statistically evaluated.

Results
Both SSR and concavity gradient decreased significantly between intact state and 6 mm cartilage loss in every dislocation direction (p ≤ 0.038), except concavity gradient in 4 o'clock direction. Thereby, anterior–inferior dislocation directions were associated with the highest decrease in both SSR and concavity gradient of up to 59.0% and 49.4%, respectively, being significantly bigger for SSR compared with all other dislocation directions (p ≤ 0.040). Correlations between concavity gradient and SSR for pooled dislocation directions were significant in each separate specimen's state (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
From a biomechanical perspective, articular cartilage of the glenoid contributes significantly to the concavity gradient, correlating strongly with the associated loss in glenohumeral joint stability. The biggest effect of cartilage loss is observed in the most frequently occurring anterior–inferior dislocation directions, suggesting that surgical interventions to restore cartilage's surface and concavity should be considered for recurrent shoulder dislocations in presence of cartilage loss.
Reviewing the Case of Online Interpersonal Trust
Authors: Tagliaferri Mirko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to better qualify the problem of online trust. The problem of online trust is that of evaluating whether online environments have the proper design to enable trust. This paper tries to better qualify this problem by showing that there is no unique answer, but only conditional considerations that depend on the conception of trust assumed and the features that are included in the environments themselves. In fact, the major issue concerning traditional debates surrounding online trust is that those debates focus on specific definitions of trust and specific online environments. Ordinarily, a definition of trust is assumed and then environmental conditions necessary for trust are evaluated with respect to such specific definition. However, thismodus operandifails to appreciate that trust is a rich concept, with a multitude of meanings and that there is still no strict consensus on which meaning shall be taken as the proper one. Moreover, the fact that online environments are constantly evolving and that new design features might be implemented in them is completely ignored. In this paper, the richness of the philosophical discussions about trust is brought into the analysis of online trust. I first provide a set of conditions that depend on the definition of trust that can be assumed and then discuss those conditions with respect to the design of online environments in order to determine whether they can enable (and under which circumstances) trust.
Anti-blastocystosis activity of antioxidant coated ZIF-8 combined with mesoporous silicas MCM-41 and KIT-6
Authors: Jermy B. Rabindran , Al-Jindan Reem Y. , Ravinayagam Vijaya , El-Badry Ayman A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe biocompatible hybrid Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/structured silica nanocomposite can be loaded with antioxidants such as curcumin and resveratrol to offer multiple advantages of drug functionalization and structural stability. blastocystosis, an enteric parasite, has various outcomes and its treatment includes drugs which have side effects and do not result in a full cure. We aimed to design novel biocompatible nanocomposites containing natural antioxidant, resveratrol or curcumin and ZIF-8/mesoporous silica. We also assessed their anti-blastocystosis activities as bioactive novel nanocomposites. The nano-silica (MCM-41 and KIT-6) was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique and made composite with ZIF-8 using an ultrasonic technique. The antioxidants, curcumin and resveratrol, were loaded over ZIF-8/MCM-41 and ZIF-8/KIT-6 using a rotary evaporator technique to form novel nanocomposites with bioactive properties. The formulated nanocomposites were characterized. To test their biological activity, suspension of cultured blastocystosis cysts (subtype 3) were exposed to increasing concentrations of nanocomposites and the minimal lethal concentration of each nanocomposite was calculated. The bioactive nanocomposites (ZIF-8/KIT-6, ZIF-8/KIT-6/Resveratrol and ZIF-8/MCM-41/Curcumin) were formulated. Anti-blastocystosis activity of the tested nanocomposites was both dose and time dependent. ZIF-8/KIT-6/Resveratol showed the maximum percentage of growth inhibition (~ 100%) at a concentration of 500 µg/ml after 5 h of exposure. More than 90% of blastocystosis cysts’ growth was significantly inhibited at all concentrations of ZIF-8/MCM-41/Curcumin, with different times of exposure, while it occurred only at the highest concentration of ZIF-8/KIT-6 (800 µg/ml). Using cheap, simple, reproducible and scalable techniques, we nano-formulated innovative bioactive nanocomposites, by incorporating the bioactive ZIF-8 (Zn2+ with imidazole), structured mesosilica and natural antioxidant compounds, curcumin or resveratrol, to generate multifunctional modalities. These eco-friendly, naturally based, safe, economical, biocompatible, and bioavailable nanocomposites are potential nanotherapeutics. The anti-blastocystosis results of these three nanocomposites indicate their potentially promising innovative and safe use as alternative Blastocystosis therapies.
The political foundations of party organizational variance
Authors: Masi Beniamino , Pizzimenti Eugenio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this contribution is twofold: first, to verify empirically how and to what extent party organizations vary within countries, in time; second, to enhance the role of political factors in explaining organizational variance. While mainstream literature has generally overestimated cross-national party convergence, a renewed interest in the study of variance has recently gained ground. We thus focus on seven European countries, from 1990 to 2010, by combining party organizational data from the Party Organization Data Handbook and the Political Party Database Project, with domestic cultural, socioeconomic, technological data from the European Values Survey and the World Bank, as well as supranational economic data provided by the OECD. We are interested in verifying how much of the variance in party organizations can be explained by resorting to the parameters of the party systems vis-à-vis domestic and supranational extra-political factors. Our results show that the explanatory power of party systems’ parameters is stronger than the predictive ability of contextual variables.
Diary-interview studies: longitudinal, flexible qualitative research design
Authors: Thille Patricia , Chartrand Louise , Brown Cara 
Published: April 2022

Lay Summary
Diary-interview studies are a longitudinal qualitative approach that allows both participants and researchers to explore participants’ experiences and sense-making in relation to life situations. The purpose of this Methods Brief is to introduce readers to the diary-interview method and highlight methodological decisions researchers need to make when using this type of qualitative approach to generating data. We will introduce each of these decisions in turn, then detail the methodological options. To further exemplify, we describe our 2020–2021 diary-interview study of Canadian primary care clinicians navigating the first year of the pandemic.
Survival and associated predictors for patients with pineoblastoma or pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation older than 3 years: Insights from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Yolcu Yagiz Ugur , Laack Nadia N , Ruff Michael W , Khatua Soumen , Daniels David J , Burns Terry C , Kizilbash Sani H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The management of pineal parenchymal tumors remains controversial.

Methods
The 2004-2017 National Cancer Database was queried for cases (age &gt;3 years) with histologically confirmed pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID, n = 90) or pineoblastoma (n = 106).

Results
Within the PPTID group, median age was 41 years; 49% were males. Five- and 10-year survival were 83% and 78%, respectively. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy were administered in 64% and 17% patients, respectively. The effect of radiation with or without chemotherapy (HR 1.15, P = .81, and HR 1.31, P = .72, respectively), and extent of resection (HR = 1.07, P = .93) was not significant. Within the pineoblastoma group, median age was 25 years; 51% were males. Five- and 10-year survival were 66% and 42%, respectively. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy were administered in 72% and 51%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, patients with pineoblastoma who received both radiation and chemotherapy (n = 39) had significantly lower hazard of death (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.85, P = .02) compared to those who received radiation alone (n = 20) or no adjuvant treatment (n = 19). Finally, females in the pineoblastoma group were found to have a lower hazard of death compared to males (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10-0.58, P = .001); this comparison trended toward statistical significance in the PPTID subgroup (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14-1.08, P = .07).

Conclusions
Survival rates were higher in patients with PPTID vs patients with pineoblastoma. Adjuvant chemoradiation was associated with improved survival in pineoblastoma and females had lower hazards of death. Further research should identify specific patient profiles and molecular subgroups more likely to benefit from multimodality therapy.
Data availability of open T-cell receptor repertoire data, a systematic assessment
Authors: Huang Yu-Ning , Patel Naresh Amrat , Mehta Jay Himanshu , Ginjala Srishti , Brodin Petter , Gray Clive M , Patel Yesha M , Cowell Lindsay G. , Burkhardt Amanda M. , Mangul Serghei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe improvement of next-generation sequencing technologies has promoted the field of immunogenetics and produced numerous immunogenomics data. Modern data-driven research has the power to promote novel biomedical discoveries through secondary analysis of such data. Therefore, it is important to ensure data-driven research with great reproducibility and robustness for promoting a precise and accurate secondary analysis of the immunogenomics data. In scientific research, rigorous conduct in designing and conducting experiments is needed, specifically in scientific and articulate writing, reporting and interpreting results. It is also crucial to make raw data available, discoverable, and well described or annotated in order to promote future re-analysis of the data. In order to assess the data availability of published T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data, we examined 11,918 TCR-Seq samples corresponding to 134 TCR-Seq studies ranging from 2006 to 2022. Among the 134 studies, only 38.1% had publicly available raw TCR-Seq data shared in public repositories. We also found a statistically significant association between the presence of data availability statements and the increase in raw data availability (p=0.014). Yet, 46.8% of studies with data availability statements failed to share the raw TCR-Seq data. There is a pressing need for the biomedical community to increase awareness of the importance of promoting raw data availability in scientific research and take immediate action to improve its raw data availability enabling cost-effective secondary analysis of existing immunogenomics data by the larger scientific community.
Coronavirus infection in neonates: Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age
Authors: Ayed Mariam , Alsaffar Zainab , Bahzad Zainab , Buhamad Yasmeen , Abdulkareem Ali , AlQattan Alaa , Embaireeg Alia , Kartam Mais , Alkandari Hessa 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough most neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have mild disease, the impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to assess 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between June 2020–August 2020 through nasopharyngeal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) PCR testing. A total of 58 neonates were identified from the Kuwait national COVID-19 registry and were enrolled. Historical controls were selected from the neonatal follow-up registry and matched 2:1 based on sex and gestational age. At 18 months of age, neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd Edition (BSID-III) by two trained assessors.ResultsA total of 40 children were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and included in the final analysis. The median age at infection was 18 days (range: 10-26 days). Eighteen (45%) were asymptomatic, 15 (37.5%) had a sepsis-like presentation, 5 (12.5%) had respiratory distress and 2 (5%) had a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)-like presentation. At 18 months follow up, only one child had severe developmental delay, and one child had a language delay. BSID-III outcomes did not significantly differ between the SARS-CoV-2 infected group and the control group.ConclusionsThere is no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection at 18 months compared to controls, although longer neurodevelopmental follow-up studies are required.
Quantitative landscapes reveal trajectories of cell-state transitions associated with drug resistance in melanoma
Authors: Pillai Maalavika , Chen Zihao , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Li Chunhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrug resistance and tumor relapse in melanoma patients is attributed to a combination of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Non-genetic mechanisms of drug resistance commonly involve reversible changes in the cell-state or phenotype, i.e., alterations in molecular profiles that can help cells escape being killed by targeted therapeutics. In melanoma, one of the most common mechanisms of non-genetic resistance is dedifferentiation, which is characterized by loss of melanocytic markers. While various molecular attributes of de-differentiation have been identified, the transition dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we construct cell-state transition landscapes, to quantify the stochastic dynamics driving phenotypic switch in melanoma based on its underlying regulatory network. These landscapes reveal the existence of multiple alternative paths to resistance – de-differentiation and transition to a hyper-pigmented phenotype. Finally, by visualizing the changes in the landscape duringin silicomolecular perturbations, we identify combinatorial strategies that can lead to the most optimal outcome – a landscape with the minimal occupancy of the two drug-resistant states. Therefore, we present these landscapes as platforms to screen possible therapeutic interventions in terms of their ability to lead to most favourable patient outcomes.
Reconciling biodiversity conservation and flood risk reduction: The new strategy for freshwater protected areas
Authors: Akasaka Takumi , Mori Terutaka , Ishiyama Nobuo , Takekawa Yuya , Kawamoto Tomonori , Inoue Mikio , Mitsuhashi Hiromune , Kawaguchi Yoichi , Ichiyanagi Hidetaka , Onikura Norio , Miyake Yo , Katano Izumi , Akasaka Munemitsu , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimNatural disaster risk reduction (DRR) is becoming a more important function of protected area (PAs) for current and future global warming. However, biodiversity conservation and DRR have been handled separately and their interrelationship has not been explicitly addressed. This is mainly because, due of prevailing strategies and criteria for PA placement, a large proportion of PAs are currently located far from human‐occupied areas, and habitats in human‐occupied areas have been largely ignored as potential sites for conservation despite their high biodiversity. If intensely developed lowland areas with high flooding risk overlap with important sites for biodiversity conservation, it would be reasonable to try to harmonize biodiversity conservation and human development in human‐inhabited lowland areas. Here, we examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and whether human‐inhabited lowland flood risk management sites might be suitable to designate as freshwater protected areas (FPAs).LocationAcross Japan.MethodsWe examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and analysed the relationship between candidate sites for new FPAs and flood disaster risk and land use intensity at a national scale across Japan based on distribution data for 131 freshwater fish species and 1395 macroinvertebrate species.ResultsWe found that extant PAs overlapped with approximately 30% of conservation‐priority grid cells (1 km2) for both taxa. Particularly for red‐listed species, only one species of freshwater fish and three species of macroinvertebrate achieved the representation target within extant PAs. Moreover, more than 40% of candidate conservation‐priority grid cells were located in flood risk and human‐occupied areas for both taxa.Main conclusionsFloodplain conservation provides suitable habitat for many freshwater organisms and helps control floodwaters, so establishing new FPAs in areas with high flood risk could be a win‐win strategy for conserving freshwater biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem‐based DRR (eco‐DRR).