bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonadaptive molecular evolution of plastome during the speciation of Actaea purpurea and its relatives
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Qing , Ren Yi , Zhang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe have seen an explosive increase of plant plastid genome (plastome) sequences in the last decade, and the view that sequence variation in plastomes is maintained by the mutation‐drift balance has been challenged by new evidence. Although comparative genomic and population‐level studies provided us with evidence for positive evolution of plastid genes at both the macro‐ and micro‐evolution levels, less studies have systematically investigated how plastomes have evolved during the speciation process. We here sequenced 13 plastomes of Actaea purpurea (P.K. Hsiao) J. Compton, and its closest relatives, and conducted a systematic survey of positive selection in their plastid genes using the McDonald‐Kreitman test and codon‐based methods using maximum likelihood to estimate the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (ω) across a phylogeny. We found that during the speciation of A. purpurea and its relatives, all plastid genes evolved neutrally or were under purifying selection. Genome size, gene order, and number were highly conserved. Comparing to A. purpurea, plastomes of Actaea japonica and Actaea biternata had low genetic diversity, consistent with previous studies. Our work not only sheds important light on the evolutionary history of A. purpurea and its kin, but also on the evolution of plastomes during plant speciation.
Discrete element models for understanding the biomechanics of fossorial animals
Authors: Gong Hao , Adajar Joash B. , Tessier Léa , Li Shuai , Guzman Leno , Chen Ying , Qi Long 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe morphological features of fossorial animals have continuously evolved in response to the demands of survival. However, existing methods for animal burrowing mechanics are not capable of addressing the large deformation of substrate. The discrete element method (DEM) is able to overcome this limitation. In this study, we used DEM to develop a general model to simulate the motion of an animal body part and its interaction with the substrate. The DEM also allowed us to easily change the forms of animal body parts to examine how those different forms affected the biomechanical functions. These capabilities of the DEM were presented through a case study of modeling the burrowing process of North American Badger. In the case study, the dynamics (forces, work, and soil displacements) of burrowing were predicted for different forms of badger claw and manus, using the model. Results showed that when extra digits are added to a manus, the work required for a badger to dig increases considerably, while the mass of soil dug only increases gradually. According to the proposed efficiency index (ratio of the amount of soil dug to the work required), the modern manus with 5 digits has indeed biomechanical advantage for their fossorial lifestyle, and the current claw curvature (25.3 mm in radius) is indeed optimal. The DEM is able to predict biomechanical relationships between functions and forms for any fossorial animals. Results can provide biomechanical evidences for explaining how the selective pressures for functions influence the morphological evolution in fossorial animals.
Sex‐specific associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and galectin‐3 in the general population
Authors: Haid Magdalena E. , Zylla Stephanie , Paulista Markus Marcello Ricardo , Friedrich Nele , Ewert Ralf , Gläser Sven , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsLow cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with greater mortality and morbidity. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is a prognostic biomarker for fibrosis and heart failure. Gal‐3 is also associated with a greater risk for cardiovascular mortality. Whether CRF is related with Gal‐3 is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the sex‐specific associations of CRF and Gal‐3 levels in the general population.MethodsGal‐3 concentrations were determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay in the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND‐0). Sex‐stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, current smoking status, and renal function were used. Individuals with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, severe renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/mm2), a history of cancer, and extreme values for Gal‐3 (<1st percentile; >99th percentile) were excluded.ResultsA total of n = 1515 participants with a median age of 49 (IQR: 39–60 years, 48% males) were included. In men, a 1 L/min greater VO2peak was significantly related to 0.50 ng/mL (95% CI −0.8068 to −0.1938, P < 0.01) less Gal‐3. In males, a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2peak adjusted for body weight was associated with −0.0286 ng/mL (95% CI −0.0052 to −0.0005, P = 0.02) less Gal‐3. When VO2peak was adjusted for lean mass 1 mL/kg/min more was correlated with a −0.0022 ng/mL (95% CI −0.0043 to ‐0.0007, P = 0.04) less Gal‐3. In women, VO2peak (β −0.2046 95% CI −0.6541 to 0.2449, P = 0.37) and VO2peak adjusted for lean mass (β −0.0019 95% CI −0.0421 to –0.0050, P = 0.12) were not related with Gal‐3, whereas a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2peak adjusted for body weight was significantly associated with a −0.0064 ng/mL lower Gal‐3 (95% CI −0.0092 to ‐0.0035, P < 0.01). There were no differences between pre‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women.ConclusionsVO2peak was associated with Gal‐3 only in men, but VO2peak adjusted for body weight in women and men. Our results suggest that the adverse consequences of low CRF may be mediated by Gal‐3. Further research is needed to understand the sex‐specific association between CRF and Gal‐3 and whether they are clinically relevant.
Bichromophoric BODIPY and Biotin Tagged Terpyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Cellular Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Paul Subhadeep , Sahoo Subhadarsini , Sahoo Somarupa , Jayabaskaran Chelliah , Chakravarty Akhil R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA perceived drawback of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl photosensitizers for phototherapeutic applications is their inadequate absorption in the visible region. Ru(II) dyads attached to light‐harvesting organic chromophores are studied to address this issue. Biotin‐appended compounds having one chromophore, namely BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) (1) and Ru(II)‐(tpy)2 (2), or a dyad system containing BODIPY linked to Ru(II)‐(tpy)2 via a diphenylacetylene linker (3) were prepared and studied as photodetection agent and photosensitizes for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications. The bichromophoric 3 with a strong absorption profile (ϵ≈71000 M−1 cm−1 at λmax=503 nm) and high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ=0.63 in DMSO) was studied for PDT activity. This complex produced a superoxide anion radical via type‐I and singlet oxygen via type‐II photosensitization processes on light exposure, as evidenced from DNA photo‐cleavage experiments and in vitro DCFDA assay using reactive oxygen species scavengers/quenchers. Dyad 3 displayed an apoptotic photo‐cytotoxic effect against HeLa and H1299 cancer cells with a photocytotoxicity index (PI) value of >625 in HeLa cells with a PDT efficacy much superior to those of its monochromophoric analogs 1 and 2. The intrinsic emission of complex 3, utilized for cellular imaging, showed selectivity towards lysosomes. Finally, the remarkable potential of complex 3 was evidenced using a clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model.
Double Addition of Propargylzinc Reagents to Acylcyanohydrins and Cyanocarbonates
Authors: Liu Meng , Dwadnia Nejib , Chevalier Tony , Hemon‐Ribaud Annie , Pearson‐Long Morwenna S. M. , Boeda Fabien , Bertus Philippe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient and mild synthetic methodology of double addition of propargylzinc reagents onto acylcyanohydrins and cyanocarbonates has been developed. After optimization of reaction conditions, dipropargylic α,α‐disubstituted hydroxyamides and N‐Boc‐protected amino alcohols have been straightforwardly prepared in good yields. The valorization of the so‐obtained compounds was undertaken by cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions to provide functionalized pyridine derivatives.
Anion‐cation double‐substitution endows iron sulfide with remarkably enhanced specific capacity and rate performance as anode for supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Yiwei , Wang Jinsong , Ban Xiaohan , Chen Chi , Wang Qian , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal sulfides have shown great potential as the anodes of the asymmetric supercapacitors ascribed to their superior theoretical specific capacitance. However, their specific capacitance and rate performances are still far from the expectation due to the intrinsic poor electronic conductivity and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we employ the anion and cation double‐substitution strategy to prepare iron sulfide nanoparticles on graphene composite (denoted as NiFeSP/G) to improve the electronic conductivity of FeS2. The NiFeSP/G composite exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity of 765 C g−1 (765 F g−1) at 5 A g−1 and a remarkable rate capability of 65% at 100 A g−1. Moreover, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with the NiFeSP/G as anode and NiCo‐LDH/graphene as cathode presents an impressively high energy density up to 109 Wh kg−1 at 1591 W kg−1 and cycling performance (89% of the initial capacity retained after 8000 cycles).image
Micro‐interfacial polymerization of porous PEDOT for printable electronic devices
Authors: Cheng Wanke , Liu Yongzhuang , Tong Zhihan , Zhu Ying , Cao Kaiyue , Chen Wenshuai , Zhao Dawei , Yu Haipeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPoly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an electrically conductive polymer that shows various promising applications in flexible electronics. However, previous studies have mostly focused on enhancing the conductivity, while ignoring the design and development of porous PEDOT materials. Herein, we report a novel and sustainable strategy of utilizing a deep eutectic solvent of ferric chloride hexahydrate/acetamide to guide the interface‐controlled polymerization of PEDOT at room temperature. The obtained PEDOT material has its unique features of high porosity of 70.61%, high specific surface area of >58 m2/g, and ideal electrical conductivity of 6500 S/m, resulting in a wide voltage window of up to 1.2 V. Notably, this porous PEDOT can be easily formulated into printable electronic ink with controllable rheological properties, process ability, and recyclability, exhibiting the outstanding energy storage behavior in wearable electronics. This study reports an effective, green approach for the development of porous PEDOT materials and printable flexible devices.image
Multi‐hazard typhoon and earthquake collapse fragility models for transmission towers: An active learning reliability approach using gradient boosting classifiers
Authors: Jeddi Ashkan B. , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Hur Jieun , Ha Jeong‐Gon , Hahm Daegi , Kim Min‐Kyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural hazards such as earthquakes and typhoons pose a considerable threat to the power transmission grid. In regions prone to both hazards, the overhead transmission infrastructure may experience multi‐hazard effects where two consecutive hazards can occur within an interval shorter than the time that would be needed to repair the system for damages occurred in the first event. This consequently increases the susceptibility to damage during the subsequent hazard. In this context, this paper presents the first set of multi‐hazard fragility models for typhoons and earthquakes. The computational cost of numerical simulations for multi‐hazard analyses is high due to the complex nonlinear behavior of transmission towers, numerous sources of material and geometric uncertainty, and the multifaceted effects of multi‐hazard events. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel active learning approach for the probabilistic classification of physics‐based collapse data. An initial pool of labeled collapse data is generated by performing a limited number of nonlinear time history analyses on random realizations of a high‐fidelity finite element model of a common double circuit tower. A machine learning‐based extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classification model is trained via the query by committee (QBC) for the task of predicting the probability of belonging to the class of collapse (i.e., probability of collapse). Active learning is established by leveraging the disagreement information between the learners and the query points are sequentially labeled and added to the initial pool of collapse/survival data. Using this approach, multi‐hazard typhoon and earthquake collapse fragility surfaces of transmission towers in different directions and sequences of hazards are developed. Results point to the significance of multi‐hazard effects on the fragility of transmission structures. They also reveal the efficacy of the introduced active learning approach in reducing the computational complexity of multi‐hazard fragility assessments. The fragility models developed in this study constitute a key step toward multi‐hazard resilience assessment and optimal management of the power transmission grid.
Feruloyl oligosaccharides, isolated from bacterial fermented wheat bran, exhibit antioxidant effects in IPEC‐J2 cells and zebrafish model
Authors: Chen Qiuyan , Zhang Jia , Wang Yuan , Wang Ruifang , Hao Xiran , Wang Ruxin , Zheng Yue , An Xiaoping , Qi Jingwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFeruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) were produced by solid‐state fermentation of wheat bran using Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its antioxidant activity was investigated using IPEC‐J2 cells and zebrafish embryo model. Preliminary structure analysis revealed that FOs has an average molecular weight of 11.81 kDa and consists of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. The obtained FOs possess superior reducing power and DPPH and hydroxyl free radical scavenging activities. In IPEC‐J2 cells, antioxidant enzymes activities and GSH level were significantly increased, while MDA level was reduced by FOs. Further studies showed that FOs achieved the aforementioned effects by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. In zebrafish embryo, FOs effectively suppressed ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cell death by increasing SOD and GSH‐Px activities. Our findings suggested that FOs from solid‐state fermented wheat bran with mixed bacteria can be used as an antioxidant food additive or drugs.
Development of the remote 100 ml water swallow test versus clinical assessment in patients with head and neck cancer: Do they agree?
Authors: Watson Laura‐Jayne , Woodman Sarah H. , Ganderton Deborah , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Pringle Shirley , Patterson Joanne M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 100 ml water swallow test (WST) is a validated swallow assessment used in head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to determine the level of agreement when completing the 100 ml WST via clinician‐graded video‐testing or patient self‐testing compared to standard face‐to‐face assessment (FTF).MethodsConvenience sampling from four UK centers. Inclusion criteria: patients with HNC treated with any modality prior to, or within 5 years of treatment. Participants were recruited to complete the 100 ml WST by video‐testing or self‐testing and compared with FTF.ResultsSixty‐three patients were recruited; 1 was unable to perform the task; 30 in video‐testing; and 32 in self‐testing. There was no difference in swallow capacity (p = 0.424) and volume (p = 0.363) for the video‐testing or the self‐testing swallow capacity (p = 0.777) and volume (p = 0.445).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that video‐testing and self‐testing are reliable methods of completing the 100 ml WST for this sample of patients with HNC.
Analysis of the accuracy of computer‐assistedDCIAflap mandibular reconstruction applying a novel approach based on geometric morphometrics
Authors: Steybe David , Poxleitner Philipp , Metzger Marc C. , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Russe Maximilian F. , Fuessinger Marc Anton , Brandenburg Leonard S. , Voss Pit J. , Schlager Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the accuracy of computer‐assisted surgery (CAS)–drivenDCIA(deep circumflex iliac artery) flap mandibular reconstruction by traditional morphometric methods and geometric morphometric methods (GMM).MethodsReconstruction accuracy was evaluated by measuring distances and angles between bilateral anatomical landmarks. Additionally, the average length of displacements vectors between landmarks was computed to evaluate factors assumed to influence reconstruction accuracy. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to unveil main modes of dislocation.ResultsHigh reconstruction accuracy could be demonstrated for a sample consisting of 26 patients. The effect of the number of segments and length of defect on reconstruction accuracy were close to the commonly used significance threshold (p = 0.062/0.060). PCA demonstrated displacement to result mainly from sagittal and transversal shifts.ConclusionsCAS is a viable approach to achieve high accuracy in mandibular reconstruction and GMM can facilitate the evaluation of factors influencing reconstruction accuracy and unveil main modes of dislocation in this context.
Production, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of Eu:Y2O3 nanopowders
Authors: Unal Fatma , Alp Emre , Kazmanli Kursat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEu:Y2O3 nanophosphors (NPs) with different Eu concentrations (3, 5, and 7 at%) were successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. All synthesized powders had a cubic bixbyite‐type crystal structure with space group Ia‐3. It was observed they had agglomerated sphere‐like morphologies. In addition, a neck formation between the particles, which was the result of the sintering effect at the increasing calcination temperature, was also observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed that the Eu dopant entered into the Y2O3 host. The XPS peak positions shifted to relatively higher binding energy values with increasing dopant concentration and calcination temperature. Increasing Eu dopant concentration in the host structure also increased the 3+ valence ions. The band gap values of the NPs varied between 4.30 and 4.54 eV. The powders doped with 5 at% Eu was active as photocatalysts and the powders that were synthesized at 800°C exhibited highly photocatalytic activity.
An exploration of unsolved missing persons cases suspected of a criminal outcome: A forensic victimology approach
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric , Baroche Christophe , Piridjani Miganouch , Sabot Magalie , Fortin Francis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore cases of missing persons suspected of being criminal. Specifically, this research aims to empirically describe the circumstances surrounding criminal disappearances and examine whether there are different subcategories within these cases using a victimological framework. The data used in this study come from an operational police database. The sample includes 155 unsolved missing person cases whose thorough investigation by the police concluded that a criminal motive remained the most likely hypothesis. These cases occurred on the entire territory of metropolitan France and overseas. Multidimensional scale analysis was used to explore the context of disappearance according to missing person characteristics, lifestyle, everyday activities, and situational exposure at the time of the disappearance. Results show that the distribution of variables in a two‐dimensional space reveals four distinct different categories related to lifestyle and situational exposure: riskier lifestyle, riskier situation, safer situation, and safer lifestyle. This study is the first to empirically explore unsolved missing person cases suspected of a criminal outcome. Moreover, the framework used in this study demonstrates the importance of victimology in an investigative context.
Assessment of carnitine excretion and its ratio to plasma free carnitine as a biomarker for primary carnitine deficiency in newborns
Authors: Crefcoeur Loek L. , Heiner‐Fokkema M. Rebecca , Maase Rose E. , Visser Gepke , de Sain‐van der Velden Monique G. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the Netherlands, newborns are referred by the newborn screening (NBS) Program when a low free carnitine (C0) concentration (<5 μmol/l) is detected in their NBS dried blood spot. This leads to ~85% false positive referrals who all need an invasive, expensive and lengthy evaluation. We investigated whether a ratio of urine C0 / plasma C0 (RatioU:P) can improve the follow‐up protocol for primary carnitine deficiency (PCD). A retrospective study was performed in all Dutch metabolic centres, using samples from newborns and mothers referred by NBS due to low C0 concentration. Samples were included when C0 excretion and plasma C0 concentration were sampled on the same day. RatioU:P was calculated as (urine C0 [μmol/mmol creatinine])/(plasma C0 [μmol/l]). Data were available for 59 patients with genetically confirmed PCD and 68 individuals without PCD. The RatioU:P in PCD patients was significantly higher (p value < 0.001) than in those without PCD, median [IQR], respectively: 3.4 [1.2–9.5], 0.4 [0.3–0.8], area under the curve (AUC) 0.837. Classified for age (up to 1 month) and without carnitine suppletion (PCD; N = 12, Non‐PCD; N = 40), medians were 6.20 [4.4–8.8] and 0.37 [0.24–0.56], respectively. The AUC for RatioU:P was 0.996 with a cut‐off required for 100% sensitivity at 1.7 (yielding one false positive case). RatioU:P accurately discriminates between positive and false positive newborn referrals for PCD by NBS. RatioU:P is less effective as a discriminative tool for PCD in adults and for individuals that receive carnitine suppletion.
Temperature sensitive analytical analysis of gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (4H‐SiC)
Authors: Neeraj  , Sharma Shobha , Goel Anubha , Rewari Sonam , Gupta Radhey Shyam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article presents an analytical study and effect of temperature (T = 100, 200, 300, 400 K) on various parameters of gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (gate‐stack DM NW) FET (4H‐SiC) and gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (gate‐stack DM NW FET) (Si). The parabolic approximation is used to solve the 2D Poisson's equation for surface potential, electric field, drain current (Ids), transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), and analog performance is evaluated. Electron concentration, electron velocity, drain induced barrier lowering, DIBL, and noise figure (NF) have also been investigated for a fair comparison and shows that 4H‐SiC based gate‐stack DM NW FET device is more insensitive to temperature changes than the silicon‐based gate‐stack DM NW FET. Furthermore, gate‐stack DM NW FET (4H‐SiC) has better electrical performance with temperature variation than gate‐stack DM NW FET (Si). The simulations have been carried out using the ATLAS 3D device simulator. Analytical results are in close agreement with the simulated results.