bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of radioulnar contrasts in dermatoglyphic ridge-counts between individual fingers
Authors: Polcerová Lenka , Králík Miroslav , Meinerová Tereza , Chovancová Mária , Čuta Martin 
Published: September 2022

Radioulnar contrasts (numerically: differences) between ridge counts of individual fingers of the human hand have been identified as promising features in respect to prenatal signalling. In this study, we compared the results of a meta-analysis of intersex differences in radioulnar contrasts between published mean values of dermatoglyphic ridge counts on the fingers of the hand (calculated from the higher RC of each finger) with intersex differences obtained from radioulnar contrasts already calculated at the individual level.Searching the NCBI-PMC, ScienceDirect databases, and archival resources, we found a total of 273 dermatoglyphic studies (after merging duplicates in databases). However, only 11 of those studies were suitable for meta-analysis after application of all selection criteria, including our own four studies. Considering the effort spent in searching for articles, we were able to find very few studies that published statistical parameters of ridge counts by individual finger and that would thus be suitable for studying contrasts between fingers. When statistical parameters have been published for individual fingers, they did not represent the descriptions of all ridge counts from the radial and ulnar sides of the fingers (i.e., 10 values on each hand), but only the ridge count with the higher value is selected for each finger (i.e., 5 values on each hand) at the individual level. The meta-analytically obtained sex dimorphism (contrasts between the mean values of the ridge counts) are virtually indistinguishable from the dimorphism from the contrasts calculated at the individual level (means of the contrasts). However, the step of selecting one (higher) ridge count from each finger blurs the dimorphism and makes interpretation of the sex differences difficult. The results cannot then be compared with those obtained from the complete set of all ridge counts on the fingers.
Data Analysis and Modelingof Claim Amounts of Car Insurance using Big Data: A Study for Pakistan
Authors: Burney S. M. Aqil , Khan Laiq Muhammad , Burney Shumaila , Humayoun Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Modelling of data of claim amount is of paramount importance to manage risk reserve for payment of claims. Actuaries model uncertainty using probability distributions.
In this research paper claim amount distribution of the data of an insurance concern has been estimated and analysis was performed on big-data of claim amounts for better understanding and fitting of various probability distribution using R.
It was noticed that the claim amounts distribution is highly positive skewed, therefore we have studied Exponential distribution, Gamma distribution and Weibull distribution as possible candidates for modelling the claim amount data. Chi Square test has been used as goodness of fit technique to decide suitable statistical model to representing the claim amounts under study.
Exponential distribution is found suitable for modelling the data under study.
Proposed model is usefulto estimate claim amount on aggregate for insurance concern when total loss is required to be computed to manage the risk reserve for the payments of claims.
Performance of Planters under Different Tillage Practices on Growth, Yield, Energy Use Efficiency, and Economics of Rabi Maize
Authors: Vijaya P. , Sreelatha D. , Padmaja B. , Rajaiah P. 
Published: September 2022

Aim: To evaluate the performance of planters under different tillage practices on growth, yield, energy use efficiency, and economics of rabi maize.
Study Design: Split-plot.
Place and Duration of Study: Maize Research Centre, ARI, Rajendranagar between November 2021 and April 2022.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted at Maize Research Centre, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy (District) during rabi 2021-22 to evaluate the performance of planters under different tillage practices on growth, yield, energy use efficiency, and economics of rabi maize in sandy clay loam soils. The experiment was assigned in fifteen treatments, laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Treatments included were three tillage practices,(i)M1=Conventional tillage, (ii)M2=Reduced tillage, and(iii)M3 = Zero-tillage in main plots and evaluated 5 planters viz., (i)S1=Multi-crop vacuum planter,(ii)S2 = Mechanical planter,(iii)S3 =Seed-cum- fertilizer drill,(iv)S4 - Bullock drawn plow and(v)S5 - Manual sowing were randomly placed in subplots of the main plot.
Results: Interaction between planters and tillage practices realized significantly higher grain yield (10283 kg ha-1) when the rabi maize was sown with a Multi-crop vacuum planter under conventional tillage practice compared to bullock drawn plow. However, it was comparable with Mechanical planter and manual sowing under conventional tillage as well as under reduced tillage practices. Irrespective of the planters significantly lower grain yield was obtained under zero-tillage practice. Overall, the cost of cultivation was high with conventional sowing practices (bullock-drawn plow/manual sowing compared to mechanical sowing with improved planters. Higher net returns were observed with multi-crop vacuum planters under conventional tillage practice (Rs.1,43,179 ha-1).
Conclusion: In case of labor shortage, sowing with a multi-crop vacuum planter or Mechanical planter instead of sowing with conventional practices like a bullock-drawn plow and manual sowing can save time, and labor, reduce drudgery as well production costs. Thus, we can effectively carry out important field operations viz., sowing, weeding, and harvesting in time without much delay through mechanization in maize.
Prospective Associations of Daily Step Counts and Intensity With Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: del Pozo Cruz Borja , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Lee I-Min , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceRecommendations for the number of steps per day may be easier to enact for some people than the current time- and intensity-based physical activity guidelines, but the evidence to support steps-based goals is limited.ObjectiveTo describe the associations of step count and intensity with all-cause mortality and cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank for 2013 to 2015 (median follow-up, 7 years) and included adults 40 to 79 years old in England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants were invited by email to partake in an accelerometer study. Registry-based morbidity and mortality were ascertained through October 2021. Data analyses were performed during March 2022.ExposuresBaseline wrist accelerometer-measured daily step count and established cadence-based step intensity measures (steps/min): incidental steps, (&amp;lt;40 steps/min), purposeful steps (≥40 steps/min); and peak-30 cadence (average steps/min for the 30 highest, but not necessarily consecutive, min/d).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause mortality and primary and secondary CVD or cancer mortality and incidence diagnosis. For cancer, analyses were restricted to a composite cancer outcome of 13 sites that have a known association with reduced physical activity. Cox restricted cubic spline regression models were used to assess the dose-response associations. The linear mean rate of change (MRC) in the log-relative hazard ratio for each outcome per 2000 daily step increments were also estimated.ResultsThe study population of 78 500 individuals (mean [SD] age, 61 [8] years; 43 418 [55%] females; 75 874 [97%] White individuals) was followed for a median of 7 years during which 1325 participants died of cancer and 664 of CVD (total deaths 2179). There were 10 245 incident CVD events and 2813 cancer incident events during the observation period. More daily steps were associated with a lower risk of all-cause (MRC, −0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.06), CVD (MRC, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.06), and cancer mortality (MRC, 95% CI, −0.11; −0.15 to −0.06) for up to approximately 10 000 steps. Similarly, accruing more daily steps was associated with lower incident disease. Peak-30 cadence was consistently associated with lower risks across all outcomes, beyond the benefit of total daily steps.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this population-based prospective cohort study of 78 500 individuals suggest that up to 10 000 steps per day may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and cancer and CVD incidence. Steps performed at a higher cadence may be associated with additional risk reduction, particularly for incident disease.
Association of Sleep Deprivation and the Risk of Developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women
Authors: Choi May Y. , Malspeis Susan , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Cui Jing , Yoshida Kazuki , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveSleep deprivation has been associated with risk of autoimmune diseases. Using the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1986–2016) and NHSII (1989–2017) cohorts, we aimed in the present study to investigate whether sleep deprivation was associated with risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsAverage sleep duration in a 24‐hour period was reported in the NHS (1986–2014) and NHSII (1989–2009). Lifestyle, exposure, and medical information was collected on biennial questionnaires. Adjusted Cox regression analyses modeled associations between cumulative average sleep duration (categorical variables) and incident SLE. Interactions between sleep duration and shiftwork, bodily pain (using the Short Form 36 [SF‐36] questionnaire), and depression were examined.ResultsWe included 186,072 women with 187 incident SLE cases during 4,246,094 person‐years of follow‐up. Chronic low sleep duration (≤5 hours/night versus reference >7–8 hours) was associated with increased SLE risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 2.47 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.29, 4.75]), which persisted after the analysis was lagged (4 years; HRadj 3.14 [95% CI 1.57, 6.29]) and adjusted for shiftwork, bodily pain, and depression (HRadj 2.13 [95% CI 1.11, 4.10]). We detected additive interactions between low sleep duration and high bodily pain (SF‐36 score <75) with an attributable proportion (AP) of 64% (95% CI 40%, 87%) and an HR for SLE of 2.97 (95% CI 1.86, 4.75) for those with both risk factors compared to those with neither. Similarly, there was an interaction between low sleep duration and depression, with an AP of 68% (95% CI 49%, 88%) and an HR for SLE of 2.82 (95% CI 1.64, 4.85).ConclusionChronic low sleep duration was associated with higher SLE risk, with stronger effects among those with bodily pain and depression, highlighting the potential role of adequate sleep in disease prevention.
Overlaying Monolayer Metal–Organic Framework on PtSe2‐Based Gas Sensor for Tuning Selectivity
Authors: Cho Seong Rae , Kim Dong‐Ha , Jeon Mingyu , Rani Pragya , Gyeon Minseung , Kim Yongman , Jo Min‐kyung , Song Seungwoo , Park Jeong Young , Kim Jihan , Kim Il‐Doo , Kang Kibum 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest as gas‐sensing materials due to their unique crystal structure and surface. However, there are still issues when it comes to expanding the types of sensing gases for the TMD gas sensors. To extend gas‐sensing selectivity for the TMD gas sensors in this study, a monolayer (ML) 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) is introduced on top of the PtSe2 gas sensor, thereby tuning the major sensing analyte of PtSe2 from NO2 to H2S. Density functional theory calculations elucidate that the metal species of ML MOFs are attributed to the tuned selectivity of the analytes, based on the difference in binding energies. It is also demonstrated that ML MOF maintained the high responsivity of the pristine PtSe2 even at a low concentration of gas (200 ppb). This is further confirmed through the molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the ML feature of the ML MOF is highly essential to preserve the intrinsic ultra‐low limit detection properties of pristine PtSe2.
A Versatile Molten‐Salt Induction Strategy to Achieve Efficient CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Open‐Circuit Voltage >1.2 V
Authors: Cui Yuqi , Shi Jiangjian , Meng Fanqi , Yu Bingcheng , Tan Shan , He Shan , Tan Chengyu , Li Yiming , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite has emerged as an important photovoltaic material due to its high thermal stability and suitable bandgap for tandem devices. Currently, the cell performance of CsPbI3 solar cells is mainly subject to a large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit. Herein, a multifunctional room‐temperature molten salt, dimethylamine acetate (DMAAc) is demonstrated, which not only directly acts as a solvent for precursor solutions, but also regulates the phase conversion process of the CsPbI3 film for high‐efficiency photovoltaics. DMAAc can stabilize the DMAPbI3 structure and eliminate the Cs4PbI6 intermediate phase, which is easily spatially segregated. Meanwhile, a new homogeneous intermediate phase DMAPb(I,Ac)3 is formed, which finally affords high‐quality CsPbI3 films. With this approach, the charge capture activity of defects in the CsPbI3 film is significantly suppressed. Consequently, a VOC of 1.25 V and >21% power conversion efficiency are achieved, which is the record highest reported thus far. This intermediate phase‐regulation strategy is believed to be applicable to other perovskite material systems.
Vertical Organic Ferroelectric Synaptic Transistor for Temporal Information Processing
Authors: Sun Yanmei , Wang Yufei , Yuan Qi , He Nian , Wen Dianzhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic technology is the next stage in the evolution of high‐performance computing, with its ability to dramatically improve data processing and learning. Hence, the exploration of synaptic electronic devices with multiple excitation modes is the main area of concern. In this work, a vertical organic ferroelectric synaptic transistor (VOFST) capable of achieving the synaptic plasticity is demonstrated, profit by its nanoscale channel length and unique working principle, which exhibits excellent gate modulation capability and good synaptic properties. Based on the excellent tunability of VOFST in various excitation modes, a “Morse code” decoding scheme and the application of the signal identification of over‐threshold are proposed. Most importantly, the internal carrier dynamics modulated by VOFST's ferroelectric polarization induction enables the transistor to directly process the temporal information for image recognition tasks. This work guides the development of synaptic devices and provides a platform to realize the neuromorphic functions in electronic field.
Recent Advances on Molecule‐Based Micro/Nanocrystal Heterojunctions for Optical Applications
Authors: Qi Zhenhong , Zhou Bo , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecule‐based micro/nanocrystal heterojunctions (MMHs) have attracted much attention in the fields of information security, optical sensors, photonic communications, crystal laser media, and miniaturized white‐light device. Although several types of MMHs materials are designed and synthesized, some challenges still need to be recognized and solved, such as in‐depth understanding on the formation–growth mechanisms of low‐dimensional micro/nanostructures and the realization of their practical applications. In this review, recent development of MMHs materials, including basic concepts (i.e., binding force, lattice match, nucleation rate, and crystal interfacial energy), materials classification (from single‐component to multicomponent heterojunctions), preparation methods, together with representative photonic applications, is systematically summarized. This review not only introduces state‐of‐the‐art advances of MMHs systems, but also presents their current issues and future trends, which are favorable to provide new ideas and guidance for expanding the understanding and promoting the evolution of MMHs for advanced optical applications.
Methylamine‐Assisted Preparation of Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites for Stable Detection and Imaging of X‐Rays
Authors: Zhang Min , Xin Deyu , Dong Siyin , Zhao Wei , Tie Shujie , Cai Bing , Ma Qingshan , Chen Qi , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Zheng Xiaojia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSensitive and stable X‐ray detectors are essential for medical diagnostics, nondestructive industrial inspection, and security inspection. Halide perovskite X‐ray detectors are promising for direct X‐ray detection because of their high sensitivity and low limit of detection (LoD). However, their high and unstable dark current, caused by notorious ion migration in hybrid perovskites, limits their performance and long‐term operation stability. Moreover, it is still challenging to prepare high‐quality perovskite with millimeter‐thickness at a large‐scale. In this paper, solid–liquid transition of two‐dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites enabled by methylamine gas (CH3NH2) is first reported. Based on this novel approach, dense RP perovskite films with tunable ion migration and superior electronic features are produced using a lamination process. The tradeoff between stability and detection performance of perovskite X‐ray detectors is successfully solved by tuning the quantum well width of RP perovskites. X‐ray detectors with a sensitivity of 5362.3 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, LoD of 8.1 nGyair s−1 and highly working stability are achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, single gamma photon detection is realized in the RP perovskite detectors, which further confirms their capability for detecting radiation at ultralow dose rates. This study paves the way for adopting polycrystalline RP perovskites in stable X‐ray detectors.
An Approach to Developing Cyanines with Upconverted Photosensitive Efficiency Enhancement for Highly Efficient NIR Tumor Phototheranostics
Authors: Zhao Xueze , He Shan , Chi Weijie , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Pengzhong , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUpconverted reactive oxygen species (ROS) photosensitization with one‐photon excitation mode is a promising tactic to elongate the excitation wavelengths of photosensitive dyes to near‐infrared (NIR) light region without the requirement of coherent high‐intensity light sources. However, the photosensitization efficiencies are still finite by the unilateral improvement of excited‐state intersystem crossing (ISC) via heavy‐atom‐effect, since the upconverted efficiency also plays a decisive role in upconverted photosensitization. Herein, a NIR light initiated one‐photon upconversion heavy‐atom‐free small molecule system is reported. The meso‐rotatable anthracene in pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) is demonstrated to enrich the populations in high vibrational–rotational energy levels and subsequently improve the hot‐band absorption (HBA) efficiency. Moreover, the spin–orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC) caused by electron donated anthracene can further amplify the triplet yield. Benefiting from the above two aspects, the 1O2 generation significantly increases with over 2‐fold improved performance compared with heavy‐atom‐modified method under upconverted light excitation, which obtains efficient in vivo phototheranostic results and provides new opportunities for other applications such as photocatalysis and fine chemical synthesis.
Structural Color Medical Patch with Surface Dual‐Properties of Wet Bioadhesion and Slipperiness
Authors: Kong Bin , Liu Rui , Cheng Yi , Shang Yixuan , Zhang Dagan , Gu Hongcheng , Zhao Yuanjin , Xu Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeveloping a self‐reporting bioadhesive patch that has strong adhesion to the wet tissues and meanwhile can avoid adhering to the adjacent tissues is a current research difficulty and challenge. In this paper, inspired by the wet adhesion of spider web, slippery surface of Nepenthes, and structural color phenomena of chameleons, a novel structural color medical patch with surface dual‐properties of wet bioadhesion and slipperiness for internal tissue repair based on inverse opal scaffold is presented. The adhesive surface made by poly(acrylic acid)–polyethylene glycol–N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester and gelatin hydrogel can attain tough adhesion to internal wet tissues by absorbing tissue interfacial water and the covalent cross‐linking between the hydrogel and tissue. Besides, the slippery surface made by liquid paraffin infused inverse opal scaffold can avoid adhesion to the adjacent tissues. It is demonstrated that the designed patch can adhere tightly to the defect tissue and improve the tissue repair without adjacent adhesion when applied in a rat model with full‐thickness perforation of the stomach wall. In addition, the responsive structural color can supply a color‐sensing monitoring to evaluate the adhesive and repair process. These features impart the bioinspired patch with great scientific significance and broad clinical application prospects.
Shape‐Dependent Multi‐Weight Magnetic Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Leonard Thomas , Liu Samuel , Alamdar Mahshid , Jin Harrison , Cui Can , Akinola Otitoaleke G. , Xue Lin , Xiao T. Patrick , Friedman Joseph S. , Marinella Matthew J. , Bennett Christopher H. , Incorvia Jean Anne C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn neuromorphic computing, artificial synapses provide a multi‐weight (MW) conductance state that is set based on inputs from neurons, analogous to the brain. Herein, artificial synapses based on magnetic materials that use a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and a magnetic domain wall (DW) are explored. By fabricating lithographic notches in a DW track underneath a single MTJ, 3–5 stable resistance states that can be repeatably controlled electrically using spin‐orbit torque are achieved. The effect of geometry on the synapse behavior is explored, showing that a trapezoidal device has asymmetric weight updates with high controllability, while a rectangular device has higher stochasticity, but with stable resistance levels. The device data is input into neuromorphic computing simulators to show the usefulness of application‐specific synaptic functions. Implementing an artificial neural network (NN) applied to streamed Fashion‐MNIST data, the trapezoidal magnetic synapse can be used as a metaplastic function for efficient online learning. Implementing a convolutional NN for CIFAR‐100 image recognition, the rectangular magnetic synapse achieves near‐ideal inference accuracy, due to the stability of its resistance levels. This work shows MW magnetic synapses are a feasible technology for neuromorphic computing and provides design guidelines for emerging artificial synapse technologies.