bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic dissection of key factors governing recombination outcomes by GCE-SCRaMbLE
Authors: Zhang Huiming , Fu Xian , Gong Xuemei , Wang Yun , Zhang Haolin , Zhao Yu , Shen Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the completion of Sc2.0 chromosomes, synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) becomes more critical for in-depth investigation of fundamental biological questions and screening of industrially valuable characteristics. Further applications, however, are hindered due to the lack of facile and tight regulation of the SCRaMbLE process, and limited understanding of key factors that may affect the rearrangement outcomes. Here we propose an approach to precisely regulate SCRaMbLE recombination in a dose-dependent manner using genetic code expansion (GCE) technology with low basal activity. By systematically analyzing 1380 derived strains and six yeast pools subjected to GCE-SCRaMbLE, we find that Cre enzyme abundance, genome ploidy and chromosome conformation play key roles in recombination frequencies and determine the SCRaMbLE outcomes. With these insights, the GCE-SCRaMbLE system will serve as a powerful tool in the future exploitation and optimization of the Sc2.0-related technologies.
Effect of viewing distance on object responses in macaque areas 45B, F5a and F5p
Authors: Caprara I. , Janssen P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo perform tasks like grasping, the brain has to process visual object information so that the grip aperture can be adjusted before touching the object. Previous studies have demonstrated that the posterior subsector of the Anterior Intraparietal area is connected to area 45B, and its anterior counterpart to F5a. However, the role of area 45B and F5a in visually-guided grasping is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of area 45B, F5a and F5p in object processing during visually-guided grasping in two monkeys. We tested whether the presentation of an object in near peripersonal space activated F5p neurons more than objects with the same retinal size presented beyond reachable distance and conversely, whether neurons in 45B and F5a—which may encode a purely visual object representation—were less affected by viewing distance when equalizing retinal size. Contrary to our expectations, we found that most neurons in area 45B were object- and viewing distance-selective, and preferred mostly Near presentations. Area F5a showed much weaker object selectivity compared to 45B, with a similar preference for objects presented at the Near position. Finally, F5p neurons were less object selective and frequently Far-preferring. In sum, area 45B—but not F5p– prefers objects presented in peripersonal space.
Adverse events of recreational cannabis use during pregnancy reported to the French Addictovigilance Network between 2011 and 2020
Authors: Bouquet Emilie , Eiden Céline , Fauconneau Bernard , Pion Charlotte ,   French Addictovigilance Network (FAN), Louise Carton , Cécile Chevalier , Amélie Daveluy , Christine Fournier-Choma , Julie Heredia , Marion Istvan , Emilie Jouanjus , Hélène Peyrière , Liselotte Pochard , Bruno Revol , Véronique Savignat , Juliana Tournebize , Pain Stéphanie , Pérault-Pochat Marie-Christine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCannabis is the main illicit psychoactive substance used by pregnant women in France. The aim of the present national survey was to describe adverse events (AEs) of recreational cannabis use during pregnancy reported to the French Addictovigilance Network (FAN). Spontaneous reports (SRs) of AEs related to recreational cannabis use during pregnancy were collected by the FAN between 01/01/2011 and 31/01/2021 (excluding cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoids). Over the study period, 160 SRs involved cannabis use alone or in association with tobacco (59% of all SRs) which increased. Among the 175 maternal AEs, the most commons were psychiatric AEs experienced by 96 (64.9%) women, in particular cannabis use disorders (n = 89, 60.1%), dependence (n = 54, 36.5%) and abuse (n = 21, 14.2%). Among the 57 fetal AEs, the most common were heart rhythm disorders that affected 25 (16.9%) fetuses and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 20, 13.5%). Among the 140 neonatal AEs, the most common were IUGR experienced by 39 (26.3%) newborns and prematurity (n = 32, 21.6%). Twelve cases of congenital malformations were observed and 4 intrauterine/neonatal deaths. Furthermore, some of these AEs (n = 13) were unexpected. Cannabis use during pregnancy has problematic consequences for both mothers and infants who need close monitoring.
Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology
Authors: Pinto M. Isabel , Thissen J. , Hermes N. , Cunningham A. , Digard H. , Murphy J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFourth-generation ‘pod’ e-cigarette devices have been driven by technological advances in electronic atomization of the e-liquid. Use of microporous ceramic as a wicking material improves heating efficiency, but how it affects the chemical emissions of these devices is unclear. We assessed the emissions of a pod e-cigarette with innovative ceramic wick-based technology and two flavoured e-liquids containing nicotine lactate and nicotine benzoate (57 and 18 mg mL−1nicotine, respectively). Among the studied harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) listed by the US FDA and/or WHO TobReg, only 5 (acetone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, naphthalene and nornicotine) were quantified at levels of 0.14 to 100 ng puff−1. In the combustible cigarette (Kentucky reference 1R6F), levels were from 0.131 to 168 µg puff−1. Nicotine levels ranged 0.10–0.32 mg puff−1across the 3 study products. From the 19 proposed HPHCs specifically of concern in e-cigarettes, only 3 (glycerol, isoamyl acetate and propylene glycol) were quantified. The low/undetectable levels of HPHCs reflect not only the optimal operating conditions of the e-cigarette, including an efficient supply of e-liquid by the ceramic wick without overheating, but also the potential of the e-cigarettes to be used as an alternative to combustible cigarettes.
Calcium decreases cell wall swelling in sweet cherry fruit
Authors: Schumann Christine , Winkler Andreas , Knoche Moritz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSwelling of epidermal cell walls decreases cell-to-cell adhesion and increases cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry. Ca is suggested to decrease cracking susceptibility by crosslinking of cell wall components and, possibly, by decreasing swelling. The objective is to test this hypothesis. The effect of Ca on swelling of anticlinal epidermal cell walls was quantified microscopically in vivo using excised skin sections and in vitro using extracted cell walls. After removal of turgor, cell wall thickness increased. Incubation in CaCl2 decreased cell wall thickness up to 3 mM CaCl2. At higher concentrations thickness remained constant. Decreased cell wall swelling in vivo also occurred with other salts of divalent and trivalent cations, but not with those of monovalent cations. Decreased swelling was due to the Ca cation, the anions had no effect. Ca also decreased swelling of cell walls that were already swollen. CaCl2 also decreased swelling of extracted cell walls in vitro. There was no effect on swelling pressure. The effect on swelling increased as the CaCl2 concentration increased. Chlorides of divalent and trivalent cations, but not those of monovalent cations decreased swelling in vitro. The decrease in swelling among the divalent cations was linearly related to the radius of the cation. The results indicate that Ca decreases cracking susceptibility by decreasing swelling.
Increased concentrations of conjugated bile acids are associated with osteoporosis in PSC patients
Authors: Stürznickel Julian , Behler-Janbeck Friederike , Baranowsky Anke , Schmidt Tobias , Schwinge Dorothee , John Clara , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schramm Christoph , Heeren Joerg , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic cholestatic liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Osteoporosis is a frequent comorbidity in PSC, and we could previously demonstrate that IL17-dependent activation of bone resorption is the predominant driver of bone loss in PSC. Since we additionally observed an unexpected heterogeneity of bone mineral density in our cohort of 238 PSC patients, the present study focused on a comparative analysis of affected individuals with diagnosed osteoporosis (PSCOPO, n = 10) or high bone mass (PSCHBM, n = 7). The two groups were not distinguishable by various baseline characteristics, including liver fibrosis or serum parameters for hepatic function. In contrast, quantification of serum bile acid concentrations identified significant increases in the PSCOPO group, including glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), an exogenous bile acid administered to both patient groups. Although cell culture experiments did not support the hypothesis that an increase in circulating bile levels is a primary cause of PSC-associated osteoporosis, the remarkable differences of endogenous bile acids and GUDCA in the serum of PSCOPO patients strongly suggest a yet unknown impairment of biliary metabolism and/or hepatic bile acid clearance in this patient subgroup, which is independent of liver fibrosis.
Safety and effectiveness of 4-week therapy with aceclofenac controlled release once a day
Authors: Jeong Ju-cheol , Chung Yoon Hee , Park Taejun , Park Seung Yeon , Jung Tae Woo , Abd El-Aty A. M. , Bang Joon Seok , Jeong Ji Hoon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAceclofenac controlled-release (CR) is a once-a-day tablet with 200 mg of aceclofenac, and is bioequivalent to conventional aceclofenac. However, its safety in humans has not been well studied in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the overall incidence and patterns of adverse events (AEs), the effectiveness of aceclofenac CR, and the differences in incidence rates of the AEs based on each patient’s baseline charateristics. This study was conducted on patients receiving aceclofenac CR in clinical practice at each investigational institution to treat musculoskeletal pain and inflammation. The subjects were administered one tablet of aceclofenac CR (200 mg once-a-day) and were observed for 4 weeks post-administration. Factors affecting the occurrence of AEs were evaluated, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain intensity. Among 14,543 subjects, the incidence rate of AEs was 0.86%, and that of adverse drug reactions was 0.74%. No serious AEs and unexpected adverse drug reactions were monitored. The incidence rates of AEs were significantly higher in females, inpatient treatment, individuals with concurrent disorders, and those receiving concomitant medications, respectively (all P < 0.05). Four weeks post-using aceclofenac CR, the mean changes in VAS was significantly decreased compared to prior administration. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.63%. This study confirmed that no severe adverse reactions were observed for aceclofenac CR exceeding those previously reported for safety results of conventional formulation of this drug in routine clinical practice settings. The use of aceclofenac CR might not violate the previously reported information on the safety and effectiveness of aceclofenac.
Dysbiotic microbiota contributes to the extent of acute myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Gagné Marc-André , Barbeau Claude , Frégeau Geneviève , Gilbert Kim , Mathieu Olivier , Auger Jérémie , Tompkins Thomas A. , Charbonney Emmanuel , Godbout Roger , Rousseau Guy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition could play a role in specific pathologies such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. This study aims to demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota modulated by a diet creating dysbiosis increased the size of the myocardial infarction and that probiotics could attenuate this effect. To do this, microbiota transplants from rats fed a dysbiotic or non-dysbiotic diet in the presence or absence of probiotics were performed for 10 days on rats whose microbiota had been previously suppressed by antibiotic therapy. Then, the anterior coronary artery of the transplanted rats was occluded for 30 min. Infarct size was measured after 24 h of reperfusion, while signaling pathways were evaluated after 15 min of reperfusion. Intestinal resistance, plasma concentration of LPS (lipopolysaccharides), activation of NF-κB and Akt and composition of the microbiota were also measured. Our results demonstrate a larger infarct size in animals transplanted with the dysbiotic microbiota without probiotics compared to the other groups, including those that received the dysbiotic microbiota with probiotics. This increase in infarct size correlates with a higher firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio, NF-kB phosphorylation and plasma LPS concentration, and a decrease in intestinal barrier resistance and Akt. These results indicate that dysbiotic microbiota promotes an increase in infarct size, an effect that probiotics can attenuate.
Utility of standard diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the identification of ischemic optic neuropathy in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Danyel L. A. , Miszczuk M. , Pietrock C. , Büge B. T. , Villringer K. , Bohner G. , Siebert E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study assessed diffusion abnormalities of the optic nerve (ON) in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients with acute onset of visual impairment (VI) using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI scans of GCA patients with acute VI were evaluated in a case-control study. Two blinded neuroradiologists assessed randomized DWI scans of GCA and controls for ON restricted diffusion. Statistical quality criteria and inter-rater reliability (IRR) were calculated. DWI findings were compared to ophthalmological assessments. 35 GCA patients (76.2 ± 6.4 years; 37 scans) and 35 controls (75.7 ± 7.6 years; 38 scans) were included. ON restricted diffusion was detected in 81.1% (Reader 1) of GCA scans. Localization of ON restricted diffusion was at the optic nerve head in 80.6%, intraorbital in 11.1% and affecting both segments in 8.3%. DWI discerned affected from unaffected ON with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 87%/99%/96%/96%. IRR for ON restricted diffusion was κinter = 0.72 (95% CI 0.59–0.86). DWI findings challenged ophthalmologic diagnoses in 4 cases (11.4%). DWI visualizes anterior and posterior ON ischemia in GCA patients with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as substantial IRR. DWI may complement the ophthalmological assessment in patients with acute VI.
Use of antenatal and delivery care services and their association with maternal and infant mortality in rural India
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Barik Anamitra , Chowdhury Abhijit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptimum use of antenatal care (ANC) and delivery care services could reduce morbidity and mortality among prospective mothers and their children. However, the role of ANC and delivery services in prevention of both maternal and child mortality is poorly understood, primarily because of dearth of prospective cohort data. Using a ten-years population-based prospective cohort data, this study examined the use of ANC and delivery services and their association with maternal and infant mortality in rural India. Descriptive statistics were estimated, and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to attain the study objective. Findings revealed that consumption of ≥ 100 iron-and-folic acid (IFA) tablet/equivalent syrup during pregnancy had a protective association with maternal and infant mortality. Lack of maternal blood group checks during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of the death of infants. Caesarean/forceps delivery and delivery conducted by untrained personnel were associated with increased odds of maternal mortality. Findings from this study reemphasizes on increasing coverage and consumption of IFA tablets/equivalent syrup. Improved ANC and delivery services and increased uptake of all types of ANC and delivery care services are equally important for improvement in maternal and child survival in rural India.
Wolbachia infection dynamics in a natural population of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) across its seasonal generations
Authors: Štarhová Serbina Liliya , Gajski Domagoj , Malenovský Igor , Corretto Erika , Schuler Hannes , Dittmer Jessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWolbachiais one of the most abundant intracellular symbionts of arthropods and has profound effects on host biology.Wolbachiatransmission and host phenotypes often depend on its density within the host, which can be affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors. However, very few studies measuredWolbachiadensity in natural host populations. Here, we describeWolbachiain the pear psyllidCacopsylla pyrifrom three populations in the Czech Republic. Using phylogenetic analyses based onwspand multilocus sequence typing genes, we demonstrate thatC. pyriharbours three newWolbachiastrains from supergroup B. A fourthWolbachiastrain from supergroup A was also detected in parasitised immatures ofC. pyri, but likely came from a hymenopteran parasitoid. To obtain insights into naturalWolbachiainfection dynamics, we quantifiedWolbachiain psyllid individuals from the locality with the highest prevalence across an entire year, spanning several seasonal generations of the host. All tested females were infected andWolbachiadensity remained stable across the entire period, suggesting a highly efficient vertical transmission and little influence from the environment and different host generations. In contrast, we observed a tendency towards reducedWolbachiadensity in males which may suggest sex-related differences inWolbachia-psyllid interactions.
Investigation of acute organophosphate poisoning in humans based on sociodemographic and role of neurotransmitters with survival study in South India
Authors: Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Kumpati Rajesh Kumar , Ramavath Pandu Naik , Sangaraju Rajendra , Gouda Balaji , Chougule Priyanka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of patients based on the poison chosen and different types of organophosphorus compounds. The data were collected to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of organophosphate (OP)-poisoned patients based on the source, site, and route of poisoning, education level, occupational status, and the purpose of poisoning. Furthermore, we estimated the serotonin and dopamine levels in the plasma samples of patients, and survival plots were also described. During the study of OP pesticide poisoning in 116 human subjects and 5 healthy volunteers, we observed, based on the survival plot, that75.9% of the patients were discharged, and the remaining patients died (24.1% of the patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest that the serotonin levels significantly (p < 0.01 andp < 0.001) decreased from 12 to 36 h, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 h in the group with OP poisoning compared to the control group. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioural changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP-poisoned patients. The purpose of this work was to serve as a small reminder of the risk to public health associated with organophosphate pesticides.
Earthquakes control the impulsive nature of crustal helium degassing to the atmosphere
Authors: Caracausi Antonio , Buttitta Dario , Picozzi Matteo , Paternoster Michele , Stabile Tony Alfredo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep fluids play active roles during the preparatory phases of large earthquakes and, through their chemical signature, carry information about deep processes within the seismogenic crust. Due to its inertness and isotopic signature, helium (the lightest noble gas) is a useful tracer for investigating the processes of storage and transfer of fluids through the crust, including those prior to hazardous earthquakes. Here we analyse a 12-year earthquake catalogue from the Irpinia Fault Zone, Italy, to compute the 4He outputs from the seismogenetic fault zones (from 104 to 106 mol y−1 with an annual tenfold variability) and compare these with estimates of long-term helium flux. We find that low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 4) efficiently contribute to variations of the crustal helium output into the atmosphere which supports the impulsive nature of He degassing in tectonically active continental regions. We conclude that there is a quantitative relationship between crustal helium outputs and the volume of fault zones, and suggest variations in helium flux may represent a gauge of changes in the stress field that are related to the nucleation of earthquakes.
Concurrent Predictors of Supplementary Sign Use in School-Aged Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Chenausky Karen V. , Verdes Alison , Shield Aaron 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:Manual sign is a common alternative mode of communication taught to children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Gesture use is positively related to later increases in vocabulary and syntactic complexity in typical development, but there is little evidence supporting the use of manual sign for children with CAS. We sought to identify the communicative functions of signs and gestures produced by children with CAS and to identify concurrent factors suggesting which children are more likely to benefit from sign-supported speech intervention.Method:Measures of receptive and expressive language were gathered from 19 children (ages 3.8–11.1 years) with CAS in a school-based sign-supported speech program. Fourteen of the children produced a total of 145 manual signs, which included both gestures and signs from American Sign Language (M= 10.4 per child,SD= 11.6). Manual signs were coded according to whether they conveyed information that was semantically redundant with (complemented) or added information to (supplemented) their speech.Results:Children produced 107 complementary manual signs (75.4%) and 38 supplemental (24.6%) manual signs. Of the 38 supplemental signs, 24 (63.2%) provided additional information in the presence of unintelligible or no speech and 14 (36.8%) provided additional information in the presence of intelligible speech. Children's expressive language scores significantly predicted and accounted for 38.4% of the variance in the number of supplemental signs that children used.Conclusion:Children with CAS whose oral expressive language was relatively more impaired produced the most supplementary signs, suggesting that children with oral expressive language challenges are more likely to rely on them for communicating words they cannot yet speak.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21217814