bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐situ growth of ultrathin sulfur microcrystal on MXene‐based 3D matrice for flexible lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xia Jun , Chen Weixin , Yang Yang , Guan Xianggang , Yang Tian , Xiao Mingjun , Zhang Shichao , Xing Yalan , Lu Xia , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (Li‐S batteries) are promising next‐generation energy storage systems because of their high‐theoretical energy density. However, the commercialization of Li‐S batteries is still impeded by the aggregation of sulfur, low‐sulfur utilization, shuttling of dissolved polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we designed a hierarchically maple leaf‐like structured sulfur electrodes by in‐situ growth of ultrathin sulfur microcrystal on two‐dimensional MXene‐graphene‐cellulose nanofiber (MGN) matrice (denoted as IS‐MGN@S). The sulfur microcrystal as cathode can achieve improved kinetics than bulk sulfur due to its few layers of sulfur atoms, which is proved by the density functional theory calculations. The MXene not only confines polysulfides through strong chemisorption but also promotes the catalytic conversion of polysulfides. The introduction of graphene improves the conductivity and boosts the immobilization and conversion of polysulfides. As a result, the IS‐MGN@S cathode demonstrates remarkable electrochemical properties with a high‐initial capacity (1229 mAh g−1 at 0.2C), substantial improvement in rate capability (770 mAh g−1 at 2C), and stable long‐term cycling capacity. Moreover, the pouch cells with IS‐MGN@S cathode and gel electrolyte demonstrate excellent mechanical properties under mechanical damage (nail & cut tests, severe deformations), suggesting their promising applications for wearable electronic devices.image
Hydrofracture plugging mechanisms and evaluation methods during temporary plugging and diverting fracturing
Authors: Shi Shanzhi , Cheng Fushan , Wang Mingxing , Wang Jian , Lv Wenjing , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemporary plugging and diverting fracturing (TPDF) technique shows great advantages in stimulating unconventional oil and gas reserves. Revealing the fracture plugging mechanism and establishing the evaluation method are beneficial for revealing the mechanism of forming multiple fractures during TPDF. This work revealed the processes of plugging the fractures based on the typical injection pressure curve of hydraulic fracturing operation and then applied the stress cage model, the fracture closure stress model, and the fracture propagation resistance model to reveal the fracture plugging mechanisms. Moreover, this paper establishes a 2D XFEM model to evaluate the fracture plugging effect, and the reliability of the model is verified against the finite element model. Based on the XFEM model, this work investigates the fracture plugging effects influenced by the uneven distribution of net pressure within the fracture. The results prove that fracture mouth plugging of TPF mainly enhances the wellbore circumferential stress, in‐fracture plugging mainly enhances fracture closure pressure, fracture tip plugging mainly hinders fracturing fluids flowing toward fracture tips, all of them aim at enhancing the reopen pressure of the existing fractures and prevent the propagation of the existing fracture. Diverter bridging and plugging can change the distribution of fracture net pressure and dramatically reduce the fracture tip stress factor, and thus, the existing fracture propagation can be efficiently stopped.
Genome-wide evolutionary response of European oaks during the Anthropocene
Authors: Saleh Dounia , Chen Jun , Leplé Jean-Charles , Leroy Thibault , Truffaut Laura , Dencausse Benjamin , Lalanne Céline , Labadie Karine , Lesur Isabelle , Bert Didier , Lagane Frédéric , Morneau François , Aury Jean-Marc , Plomion Christophe , Lascoux Martin , Kremer Antoine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe pace of tree microevolution during Anthropocene warming is largely unknown. We used a retrospective approach to monitor genomic changes in oak trees since the Little Ice Age (LIA). Allelic frequency changes were assessed from whole-genome pooled sequences for four age-structured cohorts of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dating back to 1680, in each of three different oak forests in France. The genetic covariances of allelic frequency changes increased between successive time periods, highlighting genome-wide effects of linked selection. We found imprints of parallel linked selection in the three forests during the late LIA, and a shift of selection during more recent time periods of the Anthropocene. The changes in allelic covariances within and between forests mirrored the documented changes in the occurrence of extreme events (droughts and frosts) over the last 300 years. The genomic regions with the highest covariances were enriched in genes involved in plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses (temperature and drought). These responses are consistent with the reported sequence of frost (or drought) and disease damage ultimately leading to the oak dieback after extreme events. They provide support for adaptive evolution of long-lived species during recent climatic changes. Although we acknowledge that other sources (e.g., gene flow, generation overlap) may have contributed to temporal covariances of allelic frequency changes, the consistent and correlated response across the three forests lends support to the existence of a systematic driving force such as natural selection.
Near‐harvest application of methyl jasmonate affected phenolic content and antioxidant properties in “Thompson Seedless” grape
Authors: Ranjbaran Ehsan , Gholami Mansour , Jensen Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) preharvest treatment was investigated on some polyphenols and antioxidant systems in the “Thompson Seedless” table grape. The clusters were sprayed in the vineyard 2 days before harvest with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM MJ. After picking, berries were stored for 6 days at 15°C, simulating marketing conditions. Total phenols and flavonoids were affected by MJ treatment, especially at 10 mM concentration, whereas total tannins were found to be unchanged. Antioxidant activity of the treated skin was noticeably higher compared with the control, together with PAL and POD activity. Although MJ had little effect on catechin and epicatechin, the levels of quercetin and rutin were noticeable. In addition, 5 and 10 mM MJ exerted a pronounced effect on transresveratrol content. These data showed that a single preharvest application close to the harvest time could be an effective treatment to promote the antioxidant properties of the grape.
Genome‐wide pleiotropy analysis identifies novel blood pressure variants and improves its polygenic risk scores
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Zhu Luke , Wang Heming , Cooper Richard S. , Chakravarti Aravinda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSystolic and diastolic blood pressure (S/DBP) are highly correlated modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We report here a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and horizontal pleiotropy analysis of S/DBP summary statistics from the UK Biobank (UKB)‐International Consortium for Blood Pressure (ICBP) (UKB‐ICBP) BP genome‐wide association study and construct a composite genetic risk score (GRS) by including pleiotropic variants. The composite GRS captures greater (1.11–3.26 fold) heritability for BP traits and increases (1.09‐ and 2.01‐fold) Nagelkerke's R2 for hypertension and CVD. We replicated 118 novel BP horizontal pleiotropic variants including 18 novel BP loci using summary statistics from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) study. An additional 219 novel BP signals and 40 novel loci were identified after a meta‐analysis of the UKB‐ICBP and MVP summary statistics but without further independent replication. Our study provides further insight into BP regulation and provides a novel way to construct a GRS by including pleiotropic variants for other complex diseases.
Magmatic and metamorphic history of the Proterozoic Lesser Himalayan Crystallines from Bomdila area, Arunachal Pradesh, NE Lesser Himalaya, India: Constraints from whole rock and mineral chemistry
Authors: Rashid Shaik A. , Ganai Javid A , Bhadra Subhadip , Islam Naqeebul , Ahmad Shamshad 
Published: January 2022

The excellent exposures of plentiful Proterozoic granitic bodies in the north‐east Himalaya offer a chance to explore the evolution of continental crust in the Early Proterozoic period. The present comprehensive study from Bomdila area, western Arunachal Pradesh, NE India documents petrogenesis of Palaeoproterozoic Bomdila granite gneiss and metamorphic history of the region using the whole rock and mineral chemistry, and suitable mineral thermobarometry. The gneisses, with quartz, k‐feldspar, plagioclase, and mica mineralogy, are characterized by enrichment in rare earth elements (total REE up to 290 ppm), Rb, Ba, Th, and depletion in mafic elements (Ni, Cr, V, Sc). The gneisses are subalkaline and peraluminous with A/CNK (Al2O3/CaO + Na2O + K2O) > 1.1, indicating S‐type nature of the granites. The gneisses show fractionated REE patterns (LaN/YbN = up to 22) with LREE enrichment and HREE depletion. Geochemical characteristics such as enriched SiO2, Al2O3, alkalis, LREE, high incompatible element ratios (Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr), and depleted mafic contents with noticeable negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.2 – 0.6) suggest an origin of gneisses through high‐temperature (>800°C) shallow crustal melting of a pelitic source similar to the metasedimentary enclaves within the gneisses. Mineral thermobarometric calculations suggest a tightly constrained P–T condition of 7.5–8.6 kbar and 560–590°C for the gneiss and schist from the study area. Almost identical P–T conditions of metamorphism from different lithologies attests that the Bomdila area may have attained an upper amphibolitic facies condition, possibly concomitant to the Himalayan Orogeny. Though rudimentary, temperature estimates from Ti‐in biotite thermometer suggest an increase in metamorphic grade towards the Main Central Thrust.
Bandwagoning, free‐riding and heterogeneity in influenza vaccine decisions: An online experiment
Authors: Galizzi Matteo M. , W. Lau Krystal , Miraldo Marisa , Hauck Katharina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract‘Nudge’‐based social norms messages conveying high population influenza vaccination coverage levels can encourage vaccination due to bandwagoning effects but also discourage vaccination due to free‐riding effects on low risk of infection, making their impact on vaccination uptake ambiguous. We develop a theoretical framework to capture heterogeneity around vaccination behaviors, and empirically measure the causal effects of different messages about vaccination coverage rates on four self‐reported and behavioral vaccination intention measures. In an online experiment, N = 1365 UK adults are randomly assigned to one of seven treatment groups with different messages about their social environment's coverage rate (varied between 10% and 95%), or a control group with no message. We find that treated groups have significantly greater vaccination intention than the control. Treatment effects increase with the coverage rate up to a 75% level, consistent with a bandwagoning effect. For coverage rates above 75%, the treatment effects, albeit still positive, stop increasing and remain flat (or even decline). Our results suggest that, at higher coverage rates, free‐riding behavior may partially crowd out bandwagoning effects of coverage rate messages. We also find significant heterogeneity of these effects depending on the individual perceptions of risks of infection and of the coverage rates.
Patient‐reported outcomes in HCC: A scoping review by the Practice Metrics Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Authors: Serper Marina , Parikh Neehar D. , Thiele Grace , Ovchinsky Nadia , Mehta Shivang , Kuo Alexander , Ho Chanda , Kanwal Fasiha , Volk Michael , Asrani Sumeet K. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Lake John R. , Merriman Raphael B. , Morgan Timothy R. , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
HCC is a leading cause of mortality in patients with advanced liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity. Despite multiple available curative and palliative treatments, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in HCC.

Approach and Results
The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Metrics Committee conducted a scoping review of PROs in HCC from 1990 to 2021 to (1) synthesize the evidence on PROs in HCC and (2) provide recommendations on incorporating PROs into clinical practice and quality improvement efforts. A total of 63 studies met inclusion criteria investigating factors associated with PROs, the relationship between PROs and survival, and associations between HCC therapy and PROs. Studies recruited heterogeneous populations, and most were cross‐sectional. Poor PROs were associated with worse prognosis after adjusting for clinical factors and with more advanced disease stage, although some studies showed better PROs in patients with HCC compared to those with cirrhosis. Locoregional and systemic therapies were generally associated with a high symptom burden; however, some studies showed lower symptom burden for transarterial radiotherapy and radiation therapy. Qualitative studies identified additional symptoms not routinely assessed with structured questionnaires. Gaps in the literature include lack of integration of PROs into clinical care to guide HCC treatment decisions, unknown impact of HCC on caregivers, and the effect of palliative or supportive care quality of life and health outcomes.

Conclusion
Evidence supports assessment of PROs in HCC; however, clinical implementation and the impact of PRO measurement on quality of care and longitudinal outcomes need future investigation.
Noninvasive Prediction of Outcomes in Autoimmune Hepatitis–Related Cirrhosis
Authors: Llovet Laura‐Patricia , Gratacós‐Ginès Jordi , Téllez Luis , Gómez‐Outomuro Ana , Navascués Carmen A. , Riveiro‐Barciela Mar , Vinuesa Raquel , Gómez‐Camarero Judith , García‐Retortillo Montserrat , Díaz‐Fontenla Fernando , Salcedo Magdalena , García‐Eliz María , Horta Diana , Guerrero Marta , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , Fernández‐Rodriguez Conrado , Albillos Agustín , G‐Abraldes Juan , Parés Albert , Londoño Maria‐Carlota 
Published: January 2022

The value of noninvasive tools in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)–related cirrhosis and the prediction of clinical outcomes is largely unknown. We sought to evaluate (1) the utility of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and (2) the performance of the Sixth Baveno Consensus on Portal Hypertension (Baveno VI), expanded Baveno VI, and the ANTICIPATE models in predicting the absence of varices needing treatment (VNT). A multicenter cohort of 132 patients with AIH‐related cirrhosis was retrospectively analyzed. LSM and endoscopies performed at the time of cirrhosis diagnosis were recorded. Most of the patients were female (66%), with a median age of 54 years. Only 33%‐49% of patients had a LSM above the cutoff points described for the diagnosis of AIH‐related cirrhosis (12.5, 14, and 16 kPa). Patients with portal hypertension (PHT) had significantly higher LSM than those without PHT (15.7 vs. 11.7 kPa; P = 0.001), but 39%‐52% of patients with PHT still had LSM below these limits. The time since AIH diagnosis negatively correlated with LSM, with longer time being significantly associated with a lower proportion of patients with LSM above these cutoffs. VNT was present in 12 endoscopies. The use of the Baveno VI, expanded Baveno VI criteria, and the ANTICIPATE model would have saved 46%‐63% of endoscopies, but the latter underpredicted the risk of VNT. Conclusions: LSM cutoff points do not have a good discriminative capacity for the diagnosis of AIH‐related cirrhosis, especially long‐term after treatment initiation. Noninvasive tools are helpful to triage patients for endoscopy.
Dermoscopy for cutaneous fungal infections: A brief review
Authors: Lim Sophie Soyeon , Shin Kihyuk , Mun Je‐Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFungal dermatological diseases are significant public health issues. Dermoscopy is a useful bedside assessment tool that helps clinicians diagnose various skin neoplasms and general dermatological diseases.AimThis brief review aims to update clinicians on the dermoscopic features of cutaneous fungal infections such as tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea incognito, onychomycosis, and pityrosporum folliculitis.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched using the terms “dermoscopy” or its synonyms, “tinea capitis”, “tinea corporis”, “tinea incognito”, “onychomycosis” and “pityrosporum folliculitis”.ResultsThe diagnostic value of dermoscopy is well‐recognised in the evaluation of tinea capitis and onychomycosis. There are fewer studies investigating the dermoscopic features of tinea corporis, tinea incognito and pityrosporum folliculitis, but the current data suggest that dermoscopy can aid clinical evaluation of these diseases. Understanding dermoscopic features of cutaneous fungal infection has the potential to increase diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionDermoscopy in the evaluation of fungal dermatological diseases has the potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy, reduce unnecessary testing, and, consequently, improve clinical practice.
Rift Valley fever during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Africa: A double burden for Africa's healthcare system
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Chalhoub Elie , Torbati Tania , David Success Chekwube , Khoury Carlo , Ribeiro Lucas Loiola Ponte Albuquerque , Nasrallah Yves , Bekele Bezawit Kassahun , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new rising incidence of Rift Valley fever (RVF) among livestock and humans in the African continent during the COVID‐19 pandemic has become of increasing concern. We analyzed the different ways COVID‐19 has contributed to the increase in RVF cases and how it has impacted the interventions allocated to the disease by comparing it with the status of the disease before the pandemic. There is enough evidence to conclude that the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted the efforts being taken to prevent outbreaks of RVF. Therefore, with no definitive treatment in place and inadequate preventive measures and disease control, RVF may potentially lead to a future epidemic unless addressed urgently.
Assessment of ethanol exposure from hand sanitizer use and potential for developmental toxicity in nursing infants
Authors: Han Alice A. , Buerger Amanda N. , Allen Hannah , Vincent Melissa , Thornton Stephanie A. , Unice Kenneth M. , Maier Andrew , Quiñones‐Rivera Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIngestion of ethanol during pregnancy is known to have detrimental effects on the fetus. Although the potential developmental effects of maternal ethanol intake during lactation are less well characterized, public health guidelines recommend avoidance of alcohol or, if alcohol is consumed, to allow for 1–2 h to pass before nursing. A proposal to classify ethanol as potentially harmful to breast‐fed children warrants an investigation of the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects of low‐dose ethanol exposure during lactation. There currently are no studies that have examined neurodevelopmental outcomes from lactational exposure to ethanol from the use of topical products that contain ethanol, such as alcohol‐based hand sanitizers (ABHS). Furthermore, the epidemiological literature of lactational ethanol exposures from maternal alcohol consumption is limited in design, provides equivocal evidence of neurological effects in infants, and is insufficient to characterize a dose–response relationship for developmental effects. Toxicological studies that observed neurodevelopmental effects in pups from ethanol via lactation did so at exceedingly high doses that also caused maternal toxicity. In this investigation, blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) of breastfeeding women following typical‐to‐intense ABHS use were computationally predicted and compared to health benchmarks to quantify the risk for developmental outcomes. Margins of 2.2 to 1000 exist between BECs associated with ABHS use compared to BECs associated with neurotoxicity adverse effect levels in the toxicology literature or oral ethanol intake per public health guidelines. Neurodevelopmental effects are not likely to occur in infants due to ABHS use by breastfeeding women, even when ABHSs are used at intense frequencies.
Reclaiming public spaces: The case for the built environment as a restorative tool in neighborhoods with high levels of community violence
Authors: Vidal Carol , Lyman Colin , Brown Gwen , Hynson Briony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarly‐life exposure to neighborhood violence can negatively affect children's socioemotional development and long‐term health outcomes. Community‐level interventions that modify the built environment to facilitate social encounters can have a positive impact on health. An example of such interventions is the building of green spaces and playgrounds. This case study describes collaboration among residents, local organizations, and a university that aimed to increase the utilization of a vacant lot by converting it into a green space with a playground. Informal conversations at volunteer gatherings and neighborhood association meetings indicated a positive impact of this project in the community. We propose a model for future program implementation and research to improve health in disinvested and disordered communities. We conclude that more research is needed on community partnerships that modify the built environment to decrease community violence. Community‐based participatory research may be successful in evaluating future projects with this goal.
Morphological investigation of the gills of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) using gross anatomy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , El‐Gendy Samir A. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study has designed to investigate the morphological characteristics of the gills of the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) by gross morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and morphometric analysis. The study was carried out on 10 fresh fish. The fish has four‐gill arches on each side. The lengths of the first‐, second‐, third‐, and fourth‐gill arches were 5.27, 4.2, 3.2, and 2.8 cm. The gill arches carried a longitudinal band, the bases of the gill filaments, and gill rakers that varied from rectangular to circular shapes. Each gill arch had two main lateral and medial rows and two accessory rows of gill rakers in an alternative manner with each other. The dusky grouper fish had long rakers, whereas the longest one was the lateral rakers of the first arch, which were 467 and 1271.9 μm in width and length. Three types of spines appeared on the gill arches and rakers. The long spine had detected on the apex of the short rakers. Each gill arch carried on its ventral side two rows of gill filaments. The long filaments were at the middle of the gill arch, while the short ones were at the rostral end of the gill arch. The study has demonstrated the taste buds, mucous, chloride cells, and significant features of the epithelial covering of the gill arches and rakers. The morphology of the gills of the dusky grouper indicates the adaptation to their marine environment.