bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of solvents and supercritical‐CO2 extraction of lipids on physico‐chemical, functional, pasting and rheological properties of hard, medium hard and soft wheat varieties
Authors: Awasthi Tamanna , Singh Narpinder , Virdi Amardeep S. , Singh Anju M. , Ahlawat Arvind K. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis study was conducted to compare the effect of lipids removal using supercrital‐CO2 extraction and organic solvents (hexane and isopropanol) from hard and soft wheat flour varieties. Flours were evaluated for physicochemical properties (protein, ash, hunter colour), sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, foaming properties, water and oil absorption capacity, pasting, farinographic and dynamic rheology. Protein content of flours increased after defatting and supercritical fluid extracted (SCE) wheat flours showed the highest increase. SCE flours showed higher peak viscosity than native and hexane extracted (HE) and isopropyl alcohol extracted (IPAE) flours. Functional properties improved upon defatting and the highest increase in functional properties was observed for SCE flours. Empirical and fundamental rheological measurements were affected by defatting and SCE flours showed the highest change in visco‐elasticity. SC‐CO2 was proved better alternative technique over conventional organic solvent methods to remove lipids from flours that brought desirable changes in some functional properties.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the outcome and mortality of patients with diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Rubin Guy , Feldman Guy , Dimri Inon , Shapiro Arthur , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) led to events that significantly impaired the treatment and management of patients with chronic diabetes. Therefore, elective treatments at hospitals were cancelled and patients with chronic ailments were instructed to stay at home and minimise the time spent in public areas. The second was due to COVID‐19‐induced anxiety that deterred many patients from seeking care and adhering to periodic out‐patient visits. In this study, we examined the short‐term effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic diabetes who suffered from contaminated diabetic ulcers. We conducted a retrospective study with patients who had undergone amputations following diabetic ulcers during 2019‐2020. The research group included diabetic amputees during the COVID‐19 outbreak period ranging from March 2020 to December 2020. The control group included diabetic amputees from the corresponding period in 2019. Using the Wagner Scale, we measured the difference in the severity of ulcers upon the patient's initial admission. Additionally, we examined patient survival rates based on the size of amputations, by specifically focusing on the period between 1‐ and 6‐months post‐surgery. The results failed to suggest a clear and statistically significant worsening trend in the condition of patients in the research and control groups. Due to public lockdowns, transportation restrictions, scarcity of healthcare staff, and reduced adherence to exposure anxiety, patients with diabetic foot ulcers received inferior medical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, this study could not find a statistically significant difference in the mortality and major amputation rates in patients with diabetic ulcer before and during the pandemic. The health system should incorporate the existing institutional and technological recommendations to facilitate care and follow‐up of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the current and future pandemics.
Reimagining care for young adults living with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Morrissey Eimear C , Dinneen Sean F , Lowry Michelle , de Koning Eelco JP , Kunneman Marleen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYoung adults living with type 1 diabetes often struggle to achieve what clinicians consider to be optimal levels of metabolic control. Despite the impact that this can have on a young person's future risk of complications, there are relatively few studies reporting new ways of organizing or delivering care to this cohort. In this article, we explore some of the reasons why young adult diabetes care is challenging, and describe approaches to “re‐imagining” how care might be improved. The work is informed by the ‘Making Care Fit’ collaborative and by a program of research, entitled D1 Now, involving co‐design of a complex person‐centered intervention with young adults.
Movement and habitat use by smallmouth bassMicropterus dolomieu veloxin a dynamic Ozark Highlands riverscape
Authors: Miller Andrew D. , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStream fish movement in response to changing resource availability and habitat needs is important for fish growth, survival and reproduction. The authors used radio telemetry to evaluate individual movements, daily movement rates, home ranges and habitat‐use characteristics of adult (278–464 mmLT) Neosho smallmouth bassMicropterus dolomieu veloxin three Ozark Highlands streams from June 2016 to February 2018. The authors quantified variation in movement and habitat use among seasons and streams and examined relations with select environmental cues (i.e., temperature and discharge), fish size and sex. Maximum movement distances were an order of magnitude greater in the larger Elk River (17.0 km) and Buffalo Creek (12.9 km) than in the smaller Sycamore Creek (1.71 km), were similar in both upstream and downstream directions and typically occurred during the spring. Most movement rates were ≤10 m day−1in all streams and seasons, except for Elk River during spring. Ranking of linear mixed‐effects models using AICcsupported that movement rates were much greater in spring and increased with stream size. Spring movement rate increased with discharge and water temperature; only weak relationships were apparent during other seasons. Increased variation in water temperature had a small negative effect on movement rate. Home range size was highly variable among individuals, ranging 45–15,061 m (median: 773 m), and was not related to fish size, sex, season or stream. Although some fish moved between rivers, this study's tagged fish did not use reservoir or associated interface habitat. Water temperatures used by this study's tagged fish followed seasonal patterns but indicated the use of thermal refugia during summer and winter. Deeper‐water habitats were used in Buffalo Creek and in winter across all study streams, whereas greater velocities used in the Elk River likely reflect the increased use of run habitats. Use of pool habitats predominated among tagged fish, particularly in smaller streams. The results of this study indicate considerable heterogeneity in movement and habitat use within and among lotic populations of Neosho smallmouth bass. These findings suggest that population‐specific management may be appropriate and highlight the importance of natural flow conditions (i.e., spring high flows) and connected habitats for this endemic sport fish, particularly in smaller streams.
F74 plasmids are major vectors of virulence genes in bovine NTEC2
Authors: Valat C. , Haenni M. , Arnaout Y. , Drapeau A. , Hirchaud E. , Touzain F. , Boyer T. , Delannoy S. , Vorimore F. , Fach P. , Madec J.-Y. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli 2 (NTEC2) are defined as E. coli producing the toxin known as cytotoxic necrotizing factor 2 (CNF2), a potent toxin primarily found in bovine but also in humans. NTEC2 are mostly associated with bovine, and cnf2 is known to be carried by pVir-like plasmids. In this study, we looked for NTEC2 in a collection of E. coli collected between 2011 and 2018 in French bovine. Thirty-two isolates, collected from both sick (n = 19) and healthy (n = 13) animals, were identified and characterized using whole-genome sequencing. One F74 plasmid of this bacterial collection was long-read sequenced: its size was 138 121 bp and it carried the cnf2, F17cA-eG, cdtB, iutA, iucC and ompP virulence factors (VFs), but no resistance gene. A large variety of genetic backgrounds was observed, but all cnf2-carrying plasmids belonged to the IncF family, and most of them (78·1%) were of the F74 group. Similar F74 plasmids were also reported from bovine in the United Kingdom and the United States, as identified in the publically available databases. Consequently, these F74 plasmids, which are widely disseminated among E. coli from cattle in the French territory, are vectors of virulence determinants that largely went unnoticed until now.
The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties
Authors: Chen Xilong , Cornille Amandine , An Na , Xing Libo , Ma Juanjuan , Zhao Caiping , Wang Yibin , Han Mingyu , Zhang Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe domestication process in long‐lived plant perennials differs dramatically from that of annuals, with a huge amount of genetic exchange between crop and wild populations. Though apple is a major fruit crop grown worldwide, the contribution of wild apple species to the genetic makeup of the cultivated apple genome remains a topic of intense study. We used population genomics approaches to investigate the contributions of several wild apple species to European and Chinese rootstock and dessert genomes, with a focus on the extent of wild–crop gene flow. Population genetic structure inferences revealed that the East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and M. hupehensis (Pamp.), form a single panmictic group, and that the European dessert and rootstock apples form a specific gene pool whereas the Chinese dessert and rootstock apples were a mixture of three wild gene pools, suggesting different evolutionary histories of European and Chinese apple varieties. Coalescent‐based inferences and gene flow estimates indicated that M. baccata – M. hupehensis contributed to the genome of both European and Chinese cultivated apples through wild‐to‐crop introgressions, and not as an initial contributor as previously supposed. We also confirmed the contribution through wild‐to‐crop introgressions of Malus sylvestris Mill. to the cultivated apple genome. Apple tree domestication is therefore one example in woody perennials that involved gene flow from several wild species from multiple geographical areas. This study provides an example of a complex protracted process of domestication in long‐lived plant perennials, and is a starting point for apple breeding programmes.
Telomeres, the loop tying cancer to organismal life‐histories
Authors: Ujvari Beata , Raven Nynke , Madsen Thomas , Klaassen Marcel , Dujon Antoine M. , Schultz Aaron G. , Nunney Leonard , Lemaître Jean‐François , Giraudeau Mathieu , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent developments in telomere and cancer evolutionary ecology demonstrate a very complex relationship between the need of tissue repair and controlling the emergence of abnormally proliferating cells. The trade‐off is balanced by natural and sexual selection and mediated via both intrinsic and environmental factors. Here, we explore the effects of telomere‐cancer dynamics on life history traits and strategies as well as on the cumulative effects of genetic and environmental factors. We show that telomere‐cancer dynamics constitute an incredibly complex and multifaceted process. From research to date, it appears that the relationship between telomere length and cancer risk is likely nonlinear with good evidence that both (too) long and (too) short telomeres can be associated with increased cancer risk. The ability and propensity of organisms to respond to the interplay of telomere dynamics and oncogenic processes, depends on the combination of its tissue environments, life history strategies, environmental challenges (i.e., extreme climatic conditions), pressure by predators and pollution, as well as its evolutionary history. Consequently, precise interpretation of telomere‐cancer dynamics requires integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. Finally, incorporating information on telomere dynamics and the expression of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes could potentially provide the synergistic overview that could lay the foundations to study telomere‐cancer dynamics at ecosystem levels.
Wireless SmartVision system for synchronized displacement monitoring of railroad bridges
Authors: V. Shajihan Shaik Althaf , Hoang Tu , Mechitov Kirill , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe deflection of railroad bridges under in‐service loads is an important indicator of the structure's health. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of using vision‐based approaches for displacement tracking of civil infrastructure. These studies have relied primarily on external processing of manually recorded videos of a structure's motion to estimate displacements. To date, vision‐based techniques applied to long‐term structural health monitoring have yet to be proven effective as an alternative to the traditional displacement measurement methods, such as linear variable differential transformers. This paper proposes a wireless SmartVision system (WSVS) that uses edge computing to directly output bridge displacements that can be sent to the end user. The system estimates displacements using both target‐free and target‐based approaches. A synchronized sensing framework is developed for multipoint displacement estimation using several wireless vision‐based nodes for full‐scale displacement‐based modal analysis of structures. Pose estimation using an AprilTag, a fiducial marker, is employed with a modified algorithm for improved displacement tracking of targets installed on a bridge, yielding subpixel accuracy. The robustness of the results in field conditions is enhanced by linking a tracking quality factor to each timestamp to handle vision‐related uncertainties. To meet the need for precise error metrics evaluation, an inexpensive cyber‐physical setup using a synthetic testing environment is also developed in this study. Following laboratory validation, field tests on a cable‐stayed pedestrian bridge were performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed WSVS.
The making of suberin
Authors: Serra Olga , Geldner Niko 
Published: May 2022

SummaryOuter protective barriers of animals use a variety of bio‐polymers, based on either proteins (e.g. collagens), or modified sugars (e.g. chitin). Plants, however, have come up with a particular solution, based on the polymerisation of lipid‐like precursors, giving rise to cutin and suberin. Suberin is a structural lipophilic polyester of fatty acids, glycerol and some aromatics found in cell walls of phellem, endodermis, exodermis, wound tissues, abscission zones, bundle sheath and other tissues. It deposits as a hydrophobic layer between the (ligno)cellulosic primary cell wall and plasma membrane. Suberin is highly protective against biotic and abiotic stresses, shows great developmental plasticity and its chemically recalcitrant nature might assist the sequestration of atmospheric carbon by plants. The aim of this review is to integrate the rapidly accelerating genetic and cell biological discoveries of recent years with the important chemical and structural contributions obtained from very diverse organisms and tissue layers. We critically discuss the order and localisation of the enzymatic machinery synthesising the presumed substrates for export and apoplastic polymerisation. We attempt to explain observed suberin linkages by diverse enzyme activities and discuss the spatiotemporal relationship of suberin with lignin and ferulates, necessary to produce a functional suberised cell wall.
Development of a near‐infrared spectroscopy calibration for Hagberg falling number assessment of barley (Hordeum vulgare): A comparison of methods
Authors: Gerisch Nils , Guerreiro Ricardo , Wespel Franziska , Stich Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change leads to increased risks of reduced Hagberg falling numbers (HFN). The objectives of this study were to (i) compare partial least square (PLS) with deep learning methods with respect to establishing near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for HFN in spring barley, (ii) compare the accuracy of NIRS calibrations for metric versus categorical response variables and (iii) discuss the usefulness of the developed NIRS calibrations in the context of barley breeding programmes. This study was based on 560 samples from the preapplication trial of a commercial spring barley breeding programme and the double round robin population of barley. Across all the examined preprocessing combinations, the lowest root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) in the calibration set was observed with 59.95 s for PLS regression where that of the best deep learning method was higher. The accuracies to predict HFN from NIR spectra observed in our study indicated that they cannot replace the HFN reference method, but their use for selection in early generations of barley breeding programmes are promising.
Microstratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental implications of a Late Quaternary high‐altitude lacustrine record in the subtropical Andes
Authors: Guerra Lucía , Martini Mateo A. , Vogel Hendrik , Piovano Eduardo L. , Hajdas Irka , Astini Ricardo , De Haller Antoine , Moscariello Andrea , Loizeau Jean‐Luc , Ariztegui Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐mountain lake records in semiarid foreland settings, such as the central Andes of North‐western Argentina, are highly restricted and often deprived of well‐preserved microstratigraphic information to analyze palaeoenvironmental changes and their causes, particularly for periods prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Laguna La Salada Grande (23°S/65°W, 4063 metres above sea‐level) is a closed shallow lake located at Cordillera Oriental, North‐western Argentina with a unique depositional record, including geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of palaeoenvironmental changes since the Late Pleistocene. In order to understand the depositional dynamics of this mountain lacustrine system at different timescales, limnogeological multiproxy analyses together with a radiocarbon and 210Pb‐based chronology were applied on massive and laminated sediments from La Salada Grande. Laminated deposits were further analyzed using novel sub‐centimetric mineralogical, textural and geochemical automated methods (including a combination of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence and quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN®). Thick laminated microfacies at the beginning of the sequence record a deep and organic matter productive palaeolake prior to ca 34 ka (1 ka = 1000 years before 1950), that changed into a highly fluctuating shallower‐palaeolake with frequent detrital influxes after ca 34 ka. Microstratigraphy of the coarser‐grained detrital laminae between 31 ka and 25 ka reveals irregular and probably sub‐centennial high‐energy discharge events, pointing to convective atmospheric activity as the main trigger. After ca 21 ka the lake evolved to deeper water‐level conditions resulting in fine‐grained deposits with limited delivery of coarse‐grained sediments, followed by an abrupt lake level drop and incision. The multi‐millennial palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of La Salada Grande, and its correlation with other palaeoclimate records, shows a close link between the lacustrine depositional processes and palaeoclimate changes associated with the South American summer monsoon dynamics. This multifocal research in such an understudied environment provides key knowledge about lacustrine functioning and discharge events−climate interactions of mountain lakes of semi‐arid climates.
The Paybacks of Using Online Multimedia in Training for Resident Doctors
Authors: Lu Dinggui , Li Lantian , Zhao Jingjie , Lu Meijiao , Lin Jiajie , Zhang Weiyang , Wei Jihua , Meng Lingzhang 
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses the use of multimedia technology in training orthopaedic residents and assesses how such aids can improve residents’ ability to master treatments in orthopaedic surgery. To this end, a total of 120 resident trainees who had recently graduated from clinical medicine were recruited for this study, and were classified into two groups. Based on which, the new teaching model using multimedia aids was studied and compared with traditional teaching model (mainly with oral presentation). . The results show that resident trainees with the new teaching model could be more active in thinking ability and interest, and have improved learning outcomes, compared with those with traditional teaching models. Meanwhile, the former trainees showed reduced passive, thereby their understating of key points was strengthened. Overall, the use of multimedia images improved the quality of teaching, transformed the teacher-centred clinical teaching model, and increased trainees’ level of satisfaction with the teaching methods. Therefore, this paper concludes that the use of multimedia images can significantly improve the quality of clinical teaching for resident trainees and should be widely promoted.
Mechanical Stress Analysis of Zero-Boil-Off Cryostat for a 1.5 T MRI Magnet
Authors: Suman Navneet Kumar , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Kar Soumen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A whole-body 1.5 T superconducting MRI magnet is operated in 4.2 K inside a zero-boil-off helium cryogenic vessel, i.e., cryostat. The cryostat has horizontal bore of 850 mm used as the patient bore. The cryostat houses the 1.5 T superconducting magnet in a coaxial position maintaining a high degree of alignment along with the gradient coil, the birdcage RF coil necessary for any MRI scanner. A set of support link having low thermal conductivity and higher mechanical strength would provide structural support to the cold mass at 4.2 K, which includes the superconducting magnet, helium vessel. A two stage 4.2 K G-M cryocooler is used to recondense helium to achieve a “zero boil-off” condition. The helium vessel and the vacuum vessel of the cryostat experience stresses during the normal operation, transportation etc. The ASME B&PV Code and the Finite Element Analysis has been used for the engineering design and stress analysis of cryostat. The modal analysis of the cryostat has been done during the transportation of the cryostat. The seismic behavior of the cryostat has also been analyzed extensively for a 1.5 T MRI cryostat.