bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis Ethanolic Extract on the Electrolytes of Swiss Mice Administered Aspartame
Authors: Wekhe-Emenike Aruchi, , Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi , Orlu Eme Efioanwan 
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis ethanolic extract on the electrolytes of swiss mice administered aspartame.
Location and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the green house of the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria (Coordinates 4o48’14”N 6o59’12”E). The experiment lasted for Ninety days.
Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation.
Methodology: Ninety mice were assigned to six groups (A-F) of fifteen mice each. Group A was the negative control and so they were not given any treatment, but pellet and clean tap water. Group B was the positive control and received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame alone. Group C received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis leaf. Group D received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic extract of S. gabonensis bark. Group E received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. Group F received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 500mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. All the groups were exposed to their treatment by oral gavage for 30, 60 and 90days. Feed was withdrawn from the animals 24hours before the termination of experiment. Analysis of serum for electrolytes concentrations followed approved standard procedures.
Results: There was a significant increase in potassium and chloride level across experimental duration compared with the control group. There was significant increase in sodium level in group B across the duration of experiment with the lowest value recorded in group D 30 days. The level of bicarbonate decreased in groups B and C at 30 days, D and F at 60 days and increased in B and C at 90 days. Calcium level increased significantly across experimental duration with the lowest value observed in group F.
Conclusion: This study recorded alterations in the electrolyte concentrations in the serum of experimental mice especially group administered aspartame alone compared to the control group. However, these alterations reported in the level of electrolytes may lead to metabolic disorder in individuals exposed to frequent and high intake of aspartame. Therefore, moderate consumption of aspartame is advocated while the consumption of S. gabonensis is highly recommended.
New Paradigm in Explaining Dry Socket: Case Studies
Authors: Khalil Wael 
Published: July 2022

Dry socket is considered as the most common complication following tooth extraction. It is mainly manifested by severe irradiating pain that starts 2 to 4 days after dental extraction with a denuded socket. Although many risk factors are associated with it, no clear and direct cause has been described to explain its etiopathogenesis. Here, we suggest a new pathogenesis and a new management of dry Socket based on new microbiological findings from 3 clinical cases.
We present a series of 3 Dry Socket cases from which alveolar swabs have been taken for microbial exploration. Materials from the 3 cases were subjected to bacterial culture and susceptibility testing.
Microbiological results showed the presence of Pseudomonas aeroginosa in all samples. Furthermore, the antibiogram showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. These results suggest a new approach in preventing and treating Dry Socket based on an infectious process.
Flexible Copper Metal Circuits via Desktop Laser Printed Masks
Authors: Ghosh Rashmi , Liu Xiaoya , Yates Matthew Z. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel process is demonstrated that produces patterns of electrically conductive copper on a flexible polyimide film substrate using standard desktop laser printed toner and near room temperature aqueous chemistry. The laser toner acts as a mask to selectively block the ion exchange self‐metallization (IESM) reduction reaction that forms nanoscale silver or palladium coatings at the polyimide surface. The silver or palladium IESM coating is then used as a catalyst for electroless deposition of copper. Under appropriate conditions, the copper is deposited selectively on top of the catalyst layer. The resulting copper layer has a measured sheet resistance as low as 0.3 Ohms/sq. Electrical isolation is measured between copper traces spaced as close as 300 microns, and high conductivity is measured along traces with widths as low as 200 microns. The minimum pattern size appears to be limited primarily by the resolution of the laser toner pattern, as the IESM metal layer is observed to follow the contours of individual toner particles. The process avoids the use of high temperature, vacuum, and organic solvents and is thus suitable for very low cost prototyping or distributed manufacturing of simple electronic devices.
Progress in Color Conversion Technology for Micro‐LED
Authors: Ma Teng , Chen Jun , Chen Ziyi , Liang Lumeng , Hu Jinning , Shen Weili , Li Zhenhua , Zeng Haibo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of display demand in scientific research and the market, Micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) has emerged as a new generation of display technology. With its excellent performance in color, resolution, life, and energy consumption, Micro‐LED has shined brilliantly in the display market in recent years. This review introduces the methods for realizing Micro‐LED full‐color display through color conversion methods from the perspective of existing technologies, including the preparation of the Micro‐LED chip, the research process from the early passive matrix driving method to the active matrix driving method, and the preparation method of the color conversion layer by inkjet printing, photolithography, and nanoimprinting. The current research achievements and challenges encountered in Micro‐LED are systematically described. It is intended to provide readers and researchers with some inductive research materials and improvement ideas, and further promote the development of Micro‐LED.
Raman Spectroscopy of Few‐Layers TaS2 and Mo‐Doped TaS2 with Enhanced Superconductivity
Authors: Valencia‐Ibáñez Santiago , Jiménez‐Guerrero Diana , Salcedo‐Pimienta Jose D. , Vega‐Bustos Karen , Cárdenas‐Chirivi Gabriel , López‐Manrique Laura , Herrera‐Vasco Edwin , Galvis Jose A. , Hernández Yenny , Giraldo‐Gallo Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of simple, fast, and economic experimental tools to characterize low‐dimensional materials is an important step in the process of democratizing their use. Raman spectroscopy has arisen as a way of indirectly determining the thickness of nanolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), avoiding the use of more expensive tools such as atomic force microscopy, and it is therefore a widely used technique in the study of semiconducting TMDs. However, the study of many metallic TMDs in the limit of few atomic layers is still behind when compared to their semiconducting counterparts, partly due to the lack of similar alternative characterization studies. In this work the characterization of the Raman spectrum, specifically of the E‐ and A1g‐modes, of mechanically exfoliated Ta1−xMoxS2, a metallic TMD which exhibits charge density wave (CDW) formation and superconductivity, is presented. The clear identification of contributions coming from the SiO2/Si substrate allowed the isolation of the individual E‐ and A1g‐modes of the samples and, for the first time, the observation of a clear evolution of their Raman shifts as a function of sample thickness. This provides a way of indirectly determining sample thickness in the limit of few atomic layers in Ta1−xMoxS2.
Carbon/Lithium Composite Anode for Advanced Lithium Metal Batteries: Design, Progress, In Situ Characterization, and Perspectives
Authors: Lyu Taiyu , Luo Fenqiang , Wang Dechao , Bu Lingzheng , Tao Lei , Zheng Zhifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lithium metal anode is a competitive candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries for its low redox potential and ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity. Nevertheless, obstacles regarding heterogeneous lithium deposition, dendrite growth, and poor Coulombic efficiency limit its practical application. Among rational electrode designs, carbon materials have been regarded as feasible hosts for stabilizing lithium to address the above issues due to their light weight, high conductivity, and adjustable physicochemical properties. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to design stereoscopic carbon materials with multitudinous lithiophilic sites and large specific surface areas to facilitate rapid lithium‐ion flux, nucleation and mitigate lithium dendrite formation by controlling the kinetics of lithium deposition. Furthermore, the mechanism of lithium plating/stripping is commendably elucidated with the help of advanced in situ characterization techniques. This progress report systematically reviews progress in carbon materials/lithium composite anodes for lithium metal batteries and the detailed parts are as follows: 1) carbon/lithium composite methods; 2) design lithiophilic mechanism; 3) various carbon materials substrates; 4) advanced in situ characterization techniques for lithium metal anodes; and 5) prospects toward the practical applications of advanced lithium metal batteries. This review provides new insights into lithium metal batteries’ technological development and practical application.
Working hours, sleep, and fatigue in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector: A scoping review
Authors: Elliott K. C. , Lincoln Jennifer M. , Flynn Michael A. , Levin Jeffrey L. , Smidt Mathew , Dzugan Jerry , Ramos Athena K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAgriculture, forestry, and fishing industry (AgFF) workers often work extremely long hours during peak production seasons, resulting in sleep deprivation and fatigue. The National Occupational Research Agenda has classified fatigue as a “significant safety issue” and area of concern for many industry sectors, including AgFF. This review explores current research and practice in AgFF and proposes next steps.MethodsWe conducted a scoping literature review to examine the extent and nature of research in this area. Article inclusion criteria included peer‐reviewed journal articles written in English; published after 1989; covering AgFF workers in high‐income countries; with data on working hours/schedules and sleep related to safety and health.ResultsLimited research has addressed long hours and sleep deprivation among AgFF workers. We identified 8350 articles for title and abstract review. Among those, 407 underwent full‐text review and 96 met all inclusion criteria (67% agriculture, 25% fishing/seafood processing, 8% forestry). The literature provided some evidence fatigue contributes to fatalities, injuries, and illnesses in AgFF. Older, new, young, foreign‐born, and female workers, as well as those who work in small organizations or longer hours (40+) may be at higher risk for fatigue‐related injury and illness. Few studies have developed or evaluated interventions to control risks.DiscussionGiven that fatigue is a factor in injury and illness for this sector, future AgFF surveillance and research should increase efforts to capture fatigue and sleep data, directly investigate the role of long hours and nonstandard work schedules in the sector, and most importantly, create practical interventions to manage fatigue.
Tandem Reaction of 4‐Halo‐1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Alkynes towards 4‐Vinyl‐3(2H)‐Furanones and 3(2H)‐Furanone fused 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Omanakuttan Vishnu K. , Santhini P. V. , Shaludheen S. , Varughese Sunil , Hopf Henning , John Jubi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile synthetic route of 4‐vinyl‐3(2H)‐furanones from the reaction of 4‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and alkynes is reported, a reaction taking place via tandem Michael addition and intramolecular cyclization. The formation of a side‐product (regioisomer) by a stepwise [2+2] cycloaddition between enolate (of the 4‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compound) and activated alkyne followed by a sequential 4π‐ring opening and an intramolecular cyclization has also been noted. Another interesting observation was the formation of 3(2H)‐furanone fused 2‐pyridone from the reaction of 4‐bromo‐3‐oxo‐N‐alkyl(aryl)butanamide with activated alkynes. All reactions were found to be general affording the corresponding substituted/fused 3(2H)‐furanones in satisfactory to good yields.
Synthese von α‐Arylacrylamiden via Lewis Base vermitteltem Aryl/Wasserstoff‐Austausch
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Zhang Haoqi , Fernandes Anthony J. , Fischer Tobias , Mießkes Marianne , Xiao Yi , Maulide Nuno 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHierin stellen wir eine neue Methode für die Synthese von α‐Arylacrylamiden vor. Die Reaktion basiert auf der Nutzung polarer S‐zu‐C Arylwanderungen, induziert durch einen Lewis‐basischen Organokatalysator. Im Unterschied zu zuvor publizierten radikalischen Arylwanderungen von Sulfonylacrylamiden, ermöglicht dieser polare Prozess eine darauffolgende Eliminierung, wodurch in Summe ein formaler Aryl/Wasserstoff‐Austausch unter Ausscheidung von SO2 stattfindet. Die vorgestellte Reaktion ist selektiv für elektronenarme aromatische Gruppen, während eine Vielfalt von Substituenten am Stickstoff und an der β‐Position toleriert werden, und erzeugt nützliche Bausteine für Folgereaktionen wie Zykloadditionen und Zyklisierungen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wurde mithilfe quantenchemischer Berechnungen erforscht, die die unerwartete Rolle der Lewis Base in mehreren Schlüsselschritten darlegten.
Thermally StableD2hSymmetric Donor‐π‐Donor Porphyrins as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mai Chi‐Lun , Xiong Qiu , Li Xiong , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Chen Jung‐Yao , Chen Ching‐Chin , Xu Jianbin , Liu Chunming , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Gao Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of newD2hsymmetric porphyrins (MDA4, MTA4, and MDA8) with donor‐π‐donor structures have been synthesized as the hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novel porphyrin molecules feature aD2hsymmetrically substituted ZnIIporphyrin core and two kinds of donor systems (diarylamine (DAA) and triarylamine (TAA)), which can regulate energy level, increase thermal stability, solubility, and hydrophobicity via long alkoxyl chains. PSC devices based on MDA4 as the HTM showed impressive power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.67 % under AM1.5G solar illumination. Notably, the device was sent for certification, and a PCE of 22.19 % was reported, representing the highest PCE from porphyrin‐based HTMs. Furthermore, the MDA4‐based PSCs showed excellent thermal stability under 60 °C and RH 60 % and preserved 88 % of initial performance after 360 hours. The strategy opens a new avenue for developing efficient and stable porphyrin HTMs for PSCs.
Guidelines in Practice: Surgical Smoke Safety
Authors: Williams Katherine 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTSurgical smoke is the vaporous and gaseous byproduct of the use of heat‐producing devices on tissue. The contents of surgical smoke include harmful chemicals, viable and nonviable material, and viruses. Personnel and patients experience an unpleasant odor when smoke is not evacuated and risk developing symptoms, such as headaches, throat irritation, and dizziness. The recently updated AORN “Guideline for surgical smoke safety” provides perioperative nurses with background information on surgical smoke and ways to mitigate the hazard. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for a smoke‐free environment, smoke evacuation and filtration, respiratory protection, education, policies and procedures, and quality. It also includes scenarios describing specific concerns in two patient care areas. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations to protect personnel and patients from the dangers of surgical smoke.
Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment
Authors: Gbadeyan Oluwatoyin J. , Fagbemi Olajumoke D. , Andrew Jerome , Adali Sarp , Glen Bright , Sithole Bruce 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study focused on modeling and optimization of the concentration of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), snail shell nanoparticles (SSN), and glycerol for the development of bioplastic films. The response surface methodology using Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the independent parameters (additives concentrations) on the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of fabricated bioplastic films. A varied ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus with different component loadings was observed, proving the effect of nanoparticles loading effect on the mechanical properties of bioplastic films. The quadratic polynomial model experiment data provided a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.795 for ultimate tensile strength and 0.732 for Young's modulus, evidencing the fitness of the models to pilot the optimization space. The optimum parameters were PVA (7.820%), CNC (1079%), SSN (1241%), and glycerol (2.657%). The ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.2 MPa and 31.2 MPa were obtained for the developed bioplastic film with optimized concentrations of each component. The bioplastic films showed improved thermal stability and degradation. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) imaging revealed a homogeneous dispersion of SSN and CNC in the matrix, which explained the improved properties observed.
Structure–property relationship in film and blow molding type high‐density polyethylene polymers from a slurry‐process industrial plant
Authors: Mansouri Amir Mohammad , Emami Mehrsa , Yousefi Saleh , Chen Changle , Gargari Mahdi Hashemzadeh , Hanifpour Ahad , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, the microstructural, flow, and mechanical properties of two commercially available high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) samples with different particle sizes were quantified. Specifically, two different blow molding and film grade HDPEs produced by the same catalyst under different conditions were acquired in powder form after dryer section of an industrial plant. They were fractioned according to their particle sizes into six samples: ≤125, 125–200, 200–315, 315–400, 400–500, and ≥ 500 μm. According to sieve analysis, the film grade (D50 = 304 μm) had larger particle sizes related to the counterpart injection sample (D50 = 289 μm). A peak value in density, bulk density, viscosity molecular weight (Mv), melt flow index (MFI), and comonomer content characteristics was found in the particles with the diameter of 125–200 μm in both samples, indicating extremely non‐homogeneity of these HDPE samples. Chemical composition distribution (CCD) of the as received polymers as well as sieved fractions was surveyed via SSA or TREF analyses. The film sample represented lower MFI and density and higher Mv and comonomer content in all fractions, originated from different reactor conditions during the samples synthesis, which translate into improved mechanical properties comparing with the blow molding sample.
Epoxy thermosets with a multicolor switching during both compression and recovery processes
Authors: Lai Yingsheng , Chen Mao , Wu Yeping , Zhang Yinyu , Zhao Xiuli , Chen Zhongtao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulticolor mechanochromic polymers that can distinguish between different levels of stress indicated by color changes remain difficult to develop. This work reports a versatile strategy to construct mechanochromic epoxy thermosets that exhibit multicolor switching via the incorporation of two distinct mechanochromophores, rhodamine (Rh) and disulfide (DS), at finely tuned ratios. Owing to the different mechanosensitivities of the two components, the relative populations between the activated Rh and DS changed with compressive stress, as demonstrated by solid UV–vis spectroscopy, which revealed a color switch from pale yellow to green at 0.5 GPa, then to red at 2.0 GPa. The samples compressed at low stresses also showed a multicolor switching during the recovery process owing to the activated DS having faster recombination rates than the Rh. The facile preparation and ability to observe the stress intensity and stress history with the naked eye make these thermosets useful in practical applications.
Poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) triblock terpolymer micelles as drug delivery carriers for curcumin
Authors: Skandalis Athanasios , Selianitis Dimitrios , Sory David R. , Rankin Sara M. , Jones Julian R. , Pispas Stergios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the ability of poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐b‐lauryl methacrylate‐b‐(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate], PDMAEMA‐b‐PLMA‐b‐POEGMA amphiphilic triblock terpolymers, to encapsulate the model hydrophobic compound curcumin. The terpolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization methodologies at variable molecular weights and compositions and self‐assemble into spherical micelles with mixed PDMAEMA/POEGMA coronas and PLMA cores, when inserted in aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements were utilized in order to confirm and quantify the encapsulation of curcumin within the polymeric micelles respectively. Dynamic light scattering was used for the investigation of the size of the nanostructures formed and transmission electron microscopy proved that their morphology is spherical. Moreover, the colloidal stability of the systems in physiological conditions was assessed and two independent in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that curcumin‐loaded PDMAEMA‐b‐PLMA‐b‐POEGMA micelles were not cytotoxic.
Stable isotope mixing models demonstrate the role of an invasive plant in wetland songbird food webs
Authors: Wigginton Rachel D. , Van Grootheest Chloe , Spautz Hildie , Grenier J. Letitia , Whitcraft Christine R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseInvasive plants in wetlands are often ecosystem engineers, mediating changes in ecosystem functions like trophic support. We documented the impacts of Lepidium latifolium, an invasive plant, on the food web of omnivorous birds (Suisun song sparrows, Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in a tidal wetland of northern California, USA.MethodsWe used analysis of natural abundance stable isotopes of 13C and 15N in song sparrow blood, invertebrate food sources, L. latifolium seeds, and other marsh plant seeds to inform Bayesian, concentration‐dependent mixing models that predicted average song sparrow diets.ResultsSeason and plant phenology influenced food source incorporation and isotopic signatures. Song sparrows showed higher isotopic variability in the summer. The observed changes in song sparrow diets were driven by altered invertebrate communities related to seasonal L. latifolium presence and by shifts from seeds to consumption of invertebrate food sources during the breeding season in the spring and summer.DiscussionThis study used stable isotope tools and modeling to demonstrate two mechanisms of isotopic influence by L. latifolium on omnivorous song sparrows. This study can inform site‐ and species‐specific management strategies by demonstrating how changes to the plant community can impact entire trophic systems.