bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between microvessel maturity and ISUP grade assessed using contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography in prostate cancer
Authors: Gao Yong , Zeng Xuerong , Liao Xinhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: In prostate cancer (PCa), microvessel maturity may be useful in distinguishing cancers with aggressive potential. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation among the contrast enhancement patterns and peak intensity (PI) values of quantitative parameters, microvessel density (MVD), microvessel maturity, and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades in biopsy specimens from PCa patients.Methods: The study population included PCa patients who underwent targeted and systematic biopsy, without radiation or chemohormonal therapy prior to biopsy. Contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography (CE-TRUS) was performed in all patients before biopsy. Contrast enhancement patterns and PI values of quantitative parameters were observed. Tumor tissue samples were immunostained for CD31 expression. MVD, microvessel maturity, and ISUP grades were determined in the prostate biopsy specimens. Results: Based on the contrast enhancement patterns of prostate lesions, 16 patients were assigned to a low-enhancement group and 45 to a high-enhancement group. The number of mature vessels, MVD, mature vessel index, and ISUP grades were all higher in the high-enhancement group than in the low-enhancement group (all P<0.05). The immature vessel index was lower in the high-enhancement group than in the low-enhancement group (P<0.05). The PI value was positively correlated with the number of mature vessels (r=0.372). Conclusions: In conclusion, enhancement patterns on CE-TRUS were found to reflect microvessel maturity in PCa. Although the PI value was positively correlated with the number of mature vessels, the correlation was weak. Thus, the PI value is not likely a good indicator of PCa prognosis or characteristics.
Analysis of rainfall dynamics in the three main cities of northern Cameroon
Authors: Yaouba Bassirou , Dieudonné Bitondo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The northern zone of Cameroon, which depends mainly on agriculture, is considered one of the most vulnerable regions in the country to climate change. Few studies based on field data have examined the changes in climatic conditions that affect agriculture. This research focuses on fluctuations in precipitation that determine dry and wet seasons. From 1973 to 2020, data were collected from weather stations located in three major cities in northern Cameroon: Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua. Data were tested for homogeneity using the Pettitt and Buishand tests. Trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator and the regression line, while drought severity was assessed using the standardized rainfall index method. These data homogeneity tests were performed using two statistical tools, SPSS and XLSTA software. According to the Pettitt’s test, rainfall increased by 29.6% in Ngaoundere from 1997 to 2020, compared to the previous years of 1973–1996; in Garoua, rainfall increased by 36.2% from 1988 to 2020, compared to the previous years of 1973–1987. However, from 1973 to 2020, the average rainfall in Maroua remained stable around 716.5 mm, with a decreasing trend according to the Mann-Kendall test. In conclusion, this study shows that rainfall has increased significantly in the cities of Ngaoundere and Garoua, making these areas favorable for seasonal and market gardening. However, in Maroua, caution is advised, as rainfall is reportedly decreasing in this locality, increasing the risk of food insecurity. A credible climate warning system must be implemented on a large scale to guide farmers.
Polythiophene Imprinted CeO2 Fluorescent probe for Lead Detection in Water
Authors: Ali Abdu Hussen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The development of real-time, highly sensitive and selective, simple technique for detection of toxic Pb 2+ in water was challenged. However, in this study a highly efficient fluorescent probe based on polythiophene imprinted CeO 2 nanocomposite for selective detection of Pb 2+ ion was developed by polymerization method. The developed fluorescent probe was characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier- Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Upon binding to the imprinted binding sites PT/CeO 2 the Pb 2+ interacts with the molecular orbital and their fluorescence is quenched via reverse photoinduced electron transfer which result the qualitative and quantitative detection. The factor affecting the detection system such as pH and concentration are optimized. Additionally, the PT/CeO 2 fluorescent sensor exhibits highly sensitive with stern Volmer quenching (KSV) value of 6.39 x 10 3 M -1 . The practical application of the sensor also tested by spiked with different concentration of Pb 2+ ion solutions on tab water samples. The result indicates a good linear relation between F O /F and the spiked concentrations with coefficient of regression R 2 = 0.99 (n= 3) and also confirms that the found values is agreed well with the spiked amount. The obtained amounts of lead metal ion concentrations in tap water were 15.39 μM which exceeded the allowable limit as stated by WHO .
Evaluation of antioxidative response of diatoms grown on emerging steroidal contaminants
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Bhatacharjya Raya , Lakshmi Jaya , Thakur Indu Shekhar , Tiwari Archana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With increasing anthropic activities, a myriad of typical contaminants from industries, hospitals, and municipal discharges have been found which fail to be categorized under regulatory standards and are hence considered contaminants of ‘emerging concern’. Since these pollutants are not removed effectively even by the conventional treatment system, they tend to inflict potential threats to both humans as well as aquatic life. However, microalgae-mediated remediation strategies have recently gained worldwide importance owing to their role in carbon fixation, low operational cost, and production of high-value products. In this study, centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis was exposed to different concentrations of estradiol (E2) induced synthetic media ranging from 0 to 2 mg L− 1, and its impact on the antioxidative system of the algae was investigated. The results indicate that the nutrient stress caused an elevation in the antioxidative response of the diatom triggering the release of radical scavenging enzymes like catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Maximum specific activity (U mg − 1 of protein) of CAT and APX was noted in the diatom culture supplemented with 0.5 mg L− 1. However, peroxidation of lipid membranes was more intense in the setups with greater oxidative stress that the ones with higher E2 concentrations. Thus, the study reveals the scope of diatoms as potential indicators of environmental stress even under the varying concentration of a single contaminant (E2).
Kinematic analysis of nanocomposite optical absorption of Ag/Ag2O prepared by a green method
Authors: Shahriari Esmaeil , Raeisi Morteza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this report, silver and silver oxide nanocomposites are synthesized using a green method at different concentrations of silver nitrate. In this method, coelomic yellow liquid extracted from earthworms has been used as a silver nitrate reduction. The crystal structure of the obtained nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld method. The results show that with increasing the concentration of silver nitrate, the size and strain of silver oxide nanoparticles remained unchanged, but the size of silver nanoparticles increased and strain decreased. SEM images show uniform particle distribution, high density, and spherical geometric shape. By measuring and fitting the UV spectra of the nanocomposites, the weight percentage and the absorption peak of each component were determined. Accordingly, with increasing the concentration of silver nitrate, the absorption peak for silver nanoparticles is shifted to the higher wavelengths and for silver oxide nanoparticles is almost constant. Also, the weight percentage of silver oxide remains almost constant, and increases for silver nanoparticles. In the framework of a simple kinematic model, it is shown that its origin can be related to the different reactions speed of conversion of silver nitrate to silver and silver oxide.
Antibiotic treatment in end stage cancer patients, its advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Tahmasebi Mamak , Hosamirudsari Hadiseh , Familrashtian Shirin , Parash Masoud , Salehi Mohammadreza , Abbaszadeh Mahsa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim: In this study our aim was to elucidate whether advanced cancer patients benefit from antibiotic treatment in the last days of life in addition to reviewing the relevant costs and effects.Materials and methods: We reviewed medical records from 100 end-stage cancer patients that treated with antibiotics during the hospitalization in Imam Khomeini hospital. Patient's medical records were analyzed retrospectively for cause and periodicity of infections, fever, increase in acute phase proteins, cultures, type and cost of antibiotic. Results: Microorganisms were found in only 29 patients (29%) and the most microorganism among the patients was E.coli (6%). About 78% of the patients had clinical symptoms. The highest dose of antibiotics was related to Ceftriaxone (40.2%) and in the second place was Metronidazole (34.7%) and the lowest dose was related to Levofloxacin, Gentamycine and Colistine (1.4%). Fifty-one patients (71%) did not have any side effects due to antibiotics. The most common side effect of antibiotics among patients was skin rash (12.5%). The average estimated cost for antibiotic use was 7935540 Rials (24.4 dollars).Conclusion: Regardless of not prescribing antibiotics or the type of antibiotics used, it was ineffective in treating advanced cancer patients. The cost of using antibiotics during hospitalization is very high, and physicians should consider the risk of developing resistant hospital strains. Antibiotic side effects also occur in patients, causing more harm to the patient at the end of life.
New histopathological evaluation method for eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders using Giemsa and direct fast scarlet stains
Authors: Ikeda Mina , Arakawa Satoshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Inada Ken-ichi , Kiriyama Yuka , Sakuma Takahiko , Imaeda Yoshihiro , Ishihara Takuma , Miyoshi Hironao , Yamamoto Satoshi , Tachino Haruhiko , Kato Hiroyuki , Asano Yukio , Horiguchi Akihiko , Katano Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The definitive diagnosis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) relies on gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathology, especially for the determination of the total number of infiltrating eosinophils per high-power field. The objective of this study was to clarify the difference in eosinophil counts by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa, and direct fast scarlet (DFS) staining using pathological tissue from patients with EGID. Methods: This retrospective study included 28 patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) and 10 with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) between January 2016 and June 2019. The judges included three pathologists and one clinical laboratory technician; we also included an outsider, who was not a judge, to set a specific site and set a site for measuring the eosinophil count using H&E, Giemsa, and DFS staining at the same site. The data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model. In addition, the difference in color value for each staining method was analyzed using the color value of the Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) luminance-a-b model (L a*b*). A certain color difference (ΔE) was obtained from the L a*b* value of the eosinophilic granules, with the difference from the other L a*b* values (ΔL, Δa, Δb), and the total color difference was calculated by ΔE.Results: Compared with the H&E stain, the Giemsa and DFS stains had higher counts, with DFS having the highest count (β = 35.151, 95%CI: 27.220 - 43.083, p < 0.001). There was a difference among all the raters (p < 0.001); however, the closer they were to being an expert, the smaller was the difference in the mean values for Giemsa and DFS stains. Additionally, the ΔE of the DFS stain was higher than that of the Giemsa stain in the plasma cells, erythrocytes, and stroma.Conclusions: The number of counted eosinophils was higher with Giemsa and DFS staining than with H&E staining. Eosinophil counting is reliable for any staining method and, although there were differences between the raters, relying on experts and expert assistants can reduce these differences. Therefore, the use of Giemsa and DFS staining with H&E staining may be useful for counting eosinophil.
Nonlinear Moving Horizon Predictive Control of Vine-Like Soft Growing Robots
Authors: El-Hussieny Haitham , Sherif Heba , Zaky Ahmed B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mimicking the biological growth exhibited by plants, growing robots have shown superb performance in exploring tight and distant environments due to their lengths that can extend up to several tens of meters. However, controlling the position of the growing robot's tip could be challenging due to the lack of an adequate method for precisely measuring the robot's Cartesian position in working environments. Meanwhile, owing to the irreversible addition of materials in growing robots, classical control techniques would fail to obtain feasible control actions considering the process constraints. This paper proposes two optimization-based techniques. Namely, a Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) combined with a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme to achieve the robot's performance. The MHE estimates the robot's entire state, including its unknown Cartesian position, based on the available robot's configuration measurements. The proposed NMPC ensures the robot's performance in point stabilization, trajectory tracking, and obstacle avoidance while considering the process constraints by relying on the estimated state. The nonlinear kinematics model of a vine-like robot, one of the newly introduced plant-inspired growing robots, is incorporated in numerical simulations, and satisfying results are obtained in terms of significantly reduced computation times and tracking error.
The pressure field as a methodology for fluid management and red cell preservation during cardiac surgery
Authors: Woodford Stephen F , Butlin Mark , Wei Bai , Chao Wei , Avolio Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Anemia and red cell transfusion contribute to morbidity and mortality of surgery. The concept of patient blood management to mitigate preoperative anemia, optimize coagulation, conserve red cells intraoperatively and accept lower post-operative transfusion thresholds has recently gained widespread acceptance across a range of surgical disciplines. Fluid administration is likely to contribute significantly to perioperative anemia and red-cell transfusion requirements, yet a robust basis for managing fluid administration in this context has not been articulated. There is an urgent need for this.
Methods:
We developed ‘the pressure field method’ as a novel approach to guiding the administration of fluid and drugs to optimize tissue perfusion. The pressure field method was used for the intraoperative management of 67 patients undergoing semi-elective cardiac surgery. We retrospectively compared intraoperative anemia and transfusion requirements in this cohort with a conventional group of 413 patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Results:
In the pressure field group, no patients required transfusion whereas in the conventional group, 16% required transfusion during bypass with an average of 2.4 units of packed red cells (P < 0.0001). The average decrease in hemoglobin in the pressure field group was only 13 g/L, whereas in the conventional group it was 52 g/L (P < 0.0001). 80% of the pressure field group received no intravenous fluid during cardiac surgery, and the average intraoperative fluid load was 160 mL.
Conclusion:
The pressure field method appears to significantly reduce transfusion requirements due to decreased intraoperative fluid loading.
General transcription factor TAF4 antagonizes epigenetic silencing by Polycomb to maintain intestine stem cell functions
Authors: Säisä-Borreill Susanna , Davidson Guillaume , Kleiber Thomas , Thevenot Andréa , Martin Elisabeth , Mondot Stanislas , Blottière Hervé , Helleux Alexandra , Mengus Gabrielle , Plateroti Michela , Duluc Isbaelle , Davidson Irwin , Freund Jean-Noel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Taf4 (TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 4) is a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIID, a component of the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex that interacts with tissue-specific transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Properly regulated gene expression is particularly important in the intestinal epithelium that is constantly renewed from stem cells. We investigated the role of Taf4 in murine intestinal epithelium using tissue-specific inactivation. Taf4 inactivation during embryogenesis compromised gut morphogenesis and the emergence of adult-type stem cells, ultimately leading to death. In adults, Taf4 loss perturbed the stem cell compartment and the associated Paneth cells in the stem cell niche, epithelial turnover and differentiation of mature cells, thus exacerbating the response to inflammatory challenge and potentiating Apc-driven tumorigenesis. In addition, Taf4 inactivation ex vivo in organoids prevented budding formation and maintenance. Combining immunohistology with bulk RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and single-cell RNA-seq, showed that Taf4 loss caused broad chromatin remodeling, and a strong reduction in the numbers of stem and progenitor cells with a concomitant increase in an undifferentiated cell population that displayed high activity of the Ezh2 and Suz12 components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In line with this observation, treatment of Taf4-mutant organoids with a specific Ezh2 inhibitor restored buddings, cell proliferation and the stem/progenitor compartment. Our results reveal the critical role of Taf4 in intestinal development and homeostasis and a novel mechanism by which Taf4 acts to maintain the stem/progenitor compartment by counteracting PRC2 repression of the stem cell gene expression program.
Voxel-Based and Surface-Based Morphometry Study of the Early Stage of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning-Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Wang Tianhong , Zhang Yanli , Xu Junxia , Lei Junqiang , Guo Shunlin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Grey matter (GM) volume changes in carbon monoxide poisoning (COP)-induced parkinsonism have been investigated in previous studies. However, a combined analysis of GM and white matter (WM) volume, cortical thickness, and shape is lacking. Eighteen COP-induced parkinsonism patients and 22 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. All MRI scans were performed within 3 months after COP and analysed with a combination of voxel- and surface-based morphometry (VBM and SBM) analyses. Relationships between structural changes and clinical scores were detected with partial correlation analysis. VBM analysis showed reduced GM volumes in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum (FDR-corrected P < 0.001) and a trend towards WM atrophy in the anterior cerebral and medial mesencephalon but swelling in the posterior cerebral and motor cortical areas (uncorrected P < 0.001) in the patients. SBM analysis showed widespread cortical thinning that extended beyond the frontotemporal regions and involved the occipitoparietal areas and regional shallow sulcal depth in the left supramarginal gyrus in the patients (FWE-corrected P < 0.05). The severity of motor disorders was correlated with GM atrophy in the medial orbital superior frontal gyrus (SFG), ACC, caudate, thalamus, and caudal middle frontal gyrus, while nonmotor disorders were correlated with atrophy in the SFG, ACC, thalamus, amygdala, and cerebellum crus I (all P < 0.05). Early-stage COP-induced parkinsonism is characterised by widespread GM atrophy. A combination of VBM and SBM analyses contributes to revealing its imaging pathological feature.
APSN: Adversarial Pseudo-Siamese Network for Fake News Stance Detection
Authors: Zhou Zhibo , Yang Yang , Huang Feiran , Li Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fake news is a longstanding issue that has existed on the social network, whose negative impact has been increasingly recognized since the 2016 US presidential election. During the election, numerous fake news about the candidates distributes vastly in the online social networks. Identifying inauthentic news quickly is an essential purpose for this research to enhance the trustworthiness of news in online social networks, which will be the task studied in this paper. The fake news stance detection can contribute to detect a startling amount of fake news, which aims at evaluating the relevance between the headline and text bodies. There exists a significant difference between news article headline and text body, since headlines with several key phrases are usually much shorter than the text bodies. Such an information imbalance challenge may cause serious problems for the stance detection task. What’s more, news article data in online social networks is usually exposed to various types of noise and can be contaminated, which poses more challenges for the stance detection task. In this paper, we propose a novel fake news stance detection model, namely Adversarial PseudoSiamese Network model (APSN), to solve these challenges. With coupled input components with imbalanced parameters, APSN can learn and compute feature vectors and similarity score of news article headlines and text bodies simultaneously. In addition, by adopting adversarial setting, besides the regular training set, a set of noisy training instances will be generated and fed to APSN in the learning process, which can significantly enhance the robustness of the model. Extensive experiments have been done on real-world fake news dataset, and the experimental results reveal that the presented model exceeds compared suspicious information detection models with significant advantages.
Influence of extraction and pretreatment conditions on the yield, solubility, and quality of rice bran oil extracted with CO2-expanded hexane
Authors: Mathias Mathayo Gervas , Okajima Idzumi , Ito Kaichi , Aoki Yusuke , Kong Chang Yi , Sako Takeshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Efficient, low-cost methods are required to produce impurity-free bio-oils with minimal nutrients depletion. This study investigated the effect of extraction and pretreatment conditions on the quality of rice bran oil extracted with CO2-expanded hexane. The extraction conditions considered were temperature (20–30°C), CO2 mole fraction (0.76–0.94), and pressure (4.2–7.0 MPa). The effectiveness of rice bran hot air drying at 80–100°C for 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 h for lipase inactivation was also studied. The rice bran oil yield and the content of free fatty acids did not depend significantly on the extraction temperature or pressure. The oil solubility increased significantly (p < 0.05) with every 5°C increment while decreasing significantly at pressures below 5.0 MPa. The optimum extraction conditions for phosphorus-free rice bran oil (phosphorus concentrations of 9.8, 9.1, and 6.2 ppm) were CO2 mole fraction of 0.82 at 5.1 MPa and 20°C, CO2 mole fraction of 0.87 at 5.0 MPa and 25°C, and CO2 mole fraction of 0.92 at 5.1 MPa and 30°C, respectively. The most effective pretreatment conditions for rice bran before storage for 10 weeks were 100°C for 1 h. In addition, the phosphorus concentration of rice bran oil extracted with CO2-expanded hexane at a CO2 mole fraction of 0.88, 5.1 MPa, and 25°C was ≤ 7.00 ppm, regardless of the pretreatment conditions. Therefore, CO2-expanded hexane extraction can be potentially used to produce impurity-free rice bran oil from both treated and untreated rice bran without refining.