bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Nomophobia and use of Social Networking Sites and Applications – A Cross-Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Students in a Medical College of Eastern India
Authors: Kundu Arijit , Patnaik Lipilekha , Pattanaik Sumitra , Sahu Trilochan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Nomophobia (NMP) refers to the discomfort or anxiety caused by the nonavailability of a mobile phone, computer, or any other virtual communication device. It is considered as a modern age phobia due to interaction between people and communication technologies, especially smartphones.

Objectives:
The objective was to know the prevalence of NMP and to study the pattern and dependence on most popular social networking sites and applications among medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, use and addiction to smartphones, Internet, social networking sites, and messaging applications were collected and analyzed by SPSS software.

Results:
Among 338 students, 87.6% were using their smartphones most of the time in a day. About 56.6% of the students liked to come back to get their smartphone if they had forgotten while going out. All had access to Wi-Fi and 96.2% had their own Internet connection. About 47.6% used Internet immediately after waking up in the morning. Common symptoms seen with loss of contact with their smartphone were loneliness (40.6%), panic attacks (10.4%), depression (5.7%), etc., All students had NMP and among them, 22.1% had mild, 61.5% had moderate, and 16.4% had severe NMP.

Conclusion:
The concept of NMP is doubtful to be considered as a disorder, but it has become a serious modern-day problem and should be intervened at the earliest.
A Research Protocol of Foot Posture in Traffic Policeman
Authors: Nurai Tamanna , Naqvi Waqar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Traffic police officers have a high-risk job as said by Driscoll. They also have many health-related issues due to their occupation. Mostly, their physical health is affected because of their long hours of standing duty on the road, exposure to sun and cold, constant travelling on bike throughout the day. In this research, we used foot posture index (FPI)-6 a novel method of rating foot posture using the set criteria and a simple scale. It is a clinical tool used to quantify the degree to which a foot is pronated, neutral, or supinated.

Materials and Methods:
The study has been structured as a cross-sectional survey. The total of 132 participants will be taken from traffic department policemen of Wardha city unit excluding policemen who were on leave or suffering from foot injuries. The study procedure will involve permission to conduct medial arch assessment for traffic policemen through DCP, Wardha. Demographic details such as gender and age will recorded and also weight and height will be taken to calculate body mass index for each individual. Weight will be taken with and without gadgets.

Discussion:
This study protocol aims to evaluate the foot posture evaluation of policeman of Wardha City. The study's expected outcome will concert on the evaluation of foot posture using FPI in traffic police officers of Wardha City.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Management of Excessive Gingival Display (Gummy Smile) with Lip Reposition Procedure
Authors: Puri Sneha S. , Jaiswal Priyanka G. , Shewale Akhilesh 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim:
Excessive gingival display can be managed by a variety of treatment modalities, depending on the specific diagnosis. Lip repositioning surgery is a largely unknown and underutilized treatment modality for excessive gingival display. The aim of the present study was to minimize gingival display with a lip reposition procedure.

Materials and Methods:
A total of three patients with a gummy smile were selected for the study. This case report demonstrates the successful management of excessive gingival display with a lip-repositioning procedure. This is accomplished by removing a strip of mucosa from the maxillary buccal vestibule, then suturing the lip mucosa to the mucogingival line.

Results:
The procedure resulted in a narrower vestibule and restricted muscle pull, thereby reducing gingival display during smiling.

Conclusion:
The lip repositioning technique to decrease the amount of gingival display proved to be more conservative and provided a good esthetic outcome.
Study of Gram-Positive Isolates from Cases of Septicemia and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern with Special Reference to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mahajan Shital Moreshwarrao 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Infections of the bloodstream are a leading source of illness and mortality in all types of communities. Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream for long or short periods.

Aim and Objectives:
Dissemination of the bacteria throughout the body with evidence of systemic responses toward microorganisms is septicemia. Many organisms including Gram positive such as Coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecium can cause septicemia. Many precipitating factors such as presence of intravenous catheters, immunocompromised state, and use of cytotoxic drugs may lead to increase in cases of septicemia. Isolation of the offending pathogens and knowledge about sensitivity and resistance pattern of the isolates remain the mainstay of the diagnosis. This study was conducted to cite the bacteriological etiology of septicemia in adults as well as in neonates and to decide the strategy for the cure of septicemia cases along with their antibiotic susceptibility profile.

Materials and Methods:
Duration of this study was 3 months. In this duration, 100 blood samples from suspected cases of septicemia were processed.

Results:
Gram positive organisms isolated from the specimens were collected and identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity and detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were done by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.

Conclusion:
Various causative agents were isolated from blood samples. Some of them are resistant to the drugs that are commonly used for the treatment of septicemia. Hence, isolation of the etiological agent along with the detection of its antibiogram pattern is important for early diagnosis and treatment of cases of septicemia.
Bacteriological Profile of Gram-Negative Organisms from Cases of Septicemia and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern with Special Reference to Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Production
Authors: Mahajan Shital Moreshwarrao , Khushwah Sonaakshi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Blood stream infections are amongst the most important causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection and a biggest challenge for the clinicians in selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. Presence of intravascular catheters, immunosuppression and use of cytotoxic drugs are some precipitating factors for antibiotic resistance which is a global problem. Reports of multi-resistant bacteria causing septicemia in developing countries are increasing. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has caused a major public health concern.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine the bacteriological profile of septicemia and their antibiotic susceptibility profile with special references to β-lactamase and carbapemase productionin gram negative bacilli.

Material and Method:
During the 3 month period of study total 100 blood samples from suspected cases of septicaemia are collected. Isolates were processed and identified by standard protocols. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), inducible AmpC and MBL (Metallo β-lactamases) was done by using screening test and then confirmatory tests.

Results:
Out of 100 samples 68 gram negative organisms were isolated. Maximum growth was of Pseudomonas aeruginosa i.e. 34, followed by Klebsiella pnemoniae i.e. 19 and Acinetobacter sps and E.coli. From all isolates 4.4% were ESBL, Metallo –beta-lactamases (MBL) production were seen in 5.9 %. 40% and 10.5% were MBL-E.coli and MBL-Klebseilla pnuemoniae respectively.

Conclusion:
Many of the isolates from cases of septicaemia were resistant to most of the recently used antibiotics. So, Detection of the etiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity will definitely help in effective prophylactic measures, prompt and accurate diagnosis of septicaemia. Simple methods like disc potentiation test for ESBL, disk antagonism test for inducible AmpC producers and Combined disk potentiation test for MBL production are relatively inexpensive and less cumbersome, so it can also be performed as a part of routine sensitivity testing. High degree of antibiotic resistance is an alarming sign for development of antibiotic policies and protocols for treatment of septicaemia.
Prediction of Preeclampsia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome on the Basis of Uterine Artery Doppler
Authors: Patwa Prerna Anup , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Singh Rohan Kumar , Manoj Megha , Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Singh Sonal , Goyal Aditi V. , Yewale Bhagyashree 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. With prompt recognition of symptoms and early diagnosis of preeclampsia can lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcome. Numerous tests have been proposed for the prediction of preeclampsia, their results have been inconsistent. We focused to investigate the uterine artery by conducting Doppler ultrasound study in predicting the preeclampsia in women with a high-risk pregnancy.

Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 195 pregnant women referred to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha (India). Uterine artery Doppler was conducted on all women with raised blood pressure referred to the radiology department. The patients were followed up and outcomes such as eclampsia, chronic hypertension, death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, low birth weight, and preterm labor association with preeclampsia were measured.

Results:
The mean age of pregnant women was 26.47 ± 4.96 years old. Preeclampsia was seen in 68 (34.9%) of the women. In the study, maternal outcome such as eclampsia and maternal high blood pressure (HTN) was significantly associated with preeclampsia. Similarly, neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, NICU admission, and intrauterine growth restriction were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Pulsatility Index (PI) at >1.2 had the highest sensitivity of 64.71%, specificity of 71.65%, positive predictive value of 55%, and negative predictive value of 79.1% to predict preeclampsia than any other Doppler indices.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest that PI at >1.2 had better validity in predicting preeclampsia compared to resistive index (RI) and Standard deviation.
Comparison Between Biomarkers High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and N-Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sharma Dharmveer , Jain Vivek Kumar , Pandit Vidyanand , Verma Manish Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Elevated inflammatory markers have been associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and illness in patients with stable or unstable coronary artery disease.

Aim:
The present study was comparison between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), NTproBNP, TnT, and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in patient groups and control group.

Materials and Methods:
The diagnostic test blood glucose and lipid profile biochemical parameter were assessed using endpoint method. hsCRP kits for human were assessed using turbidimetric immunoassay method. Serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured by automated immunoassay. Both cardiac TnT and CK-MB mass were measured with highly specific monoclonal antibodies in a sensitive chemiluminescence assay.

Results:
Comparing marker levels of the two groups, Mann–Whitney U test and independent sample t-test were used. The mean NT-proBNP (pg/ml) and hsCRP (mg/L) were found significantly different and almost 24- and 8-fold higher in cases as compared to controls (610.69 ± 25.28 vs. 25.28 ± 11.76, and 4.47 ± 1.62 vs 0.52 ± 0.23; all P < 0.01). Further, the CK-MB (IU/L) and TnT (pg/ml) (mean ± standard deviation) were also high in the case group than control (166.83 ± 27.8 vs. 98.03 ± 3.05; P < 0.01 and 135.44 ± 8.79 vs 96.46 ± 2.91; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Elevated level of NT-proBNP is a strong independent prognostic predictor in patients with myocardial infarction and positive correlation between NTproBNP with TnT and CK-MB with TnT and consumption of alcohol, smoking, and tobacco may be also a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Alcohol use among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Poojitha Kudupudi Punyavathi , Addepalli Syam Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The increasing production, distribution, and promotion of alcohol have seen drink-related problems emerging as a major public health concern in India, especially in college-going young adults. The percentage of the population drinking alcohol aged less than 21 years has increased from 2% to more than 14% in the past 15 years as revealed by Alcohol and Drugs Information Centre India.

Objective:
The objective is to evaluate knowledge about alcohol intake, attitude and practice methods toward alcohol consumption in undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 500 undergraduates from engineering and medical streams were included in the study. Undergraduates were given a validated Student Alcohol Questionnaire. Information given by the students was analyzed.

Results:
93% of students believe that many people drink to escape from problems, loneliness, and depression. 54% of students think that responsible drinking can result in relaxation, enhanced social interactions, and feeling of well-being. 74% of students' opinion is that many people drink because of peer group pressures and to gain adult status. About 76% of students agreed to the statement that approximately 10% of fatal highway accidents are alcohol related. Only 22% of students are aware of the fact that blood alcohol content of 0.1% is the legal definition of alcohol intoxication in driving. Alcohol was consumed by 31% of males and 17% of females at least once in their lifetime. 70% of boys and 64% of girls of those who consumed alcohol had experienced vomiting and hangover. Twenty (4%) students reported that they drove car after having several drinks or involved in a fight at least once in their lifetime.

Conclusion:
There is a necessity for more studies to evaluate the reason for increasing inclination of students toward the consumption of alcohol.
Machine-Assisted Irrigation Systems for Smear Layer Removal in Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Relan Kajol , Chandak Manoj , Chandak Pooja , Jaiswal Akshay 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of three machine-assisted irrigation systems in smear layer removal from apical one-third of the root canal system.

Data Source:
A comprehensive search of last 10 years was performed in the following systematic electronic database: PubMed/Medline and Scopus.

Data Selection:
We included in-vitro studies that compared Endoactivator, Endovac, and Passive ultrasonic irrigation system's clinical success of smear layer removal in apical one-third of the root canal systems.

Data Synthesis:
A total of 72 nonduplicated studies were retrieved in the systematic search. Seven studies included in the study assessed the success rate of smear layer removal in the apical third of the root canal system of three irrigation systems through scanning electron microscopic evaluation. These studies were classified as low risk of bias. The studies evaluating the scanning electronic microscopy of smear layer removal in the apical one-third of the root canal comparing the Endoactivator and Passive ultrasonic irrigation showed no statistical difference (P < 0.05). The studies evaluating the scanning electronic microscopy of smear layer removal in the apical one-third of the root canal comparing the Endoactivator and Endovac showed statistical difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, Endovac irrigation system was found to be effective in smear layer removal from apical one-third of the root canal system. Further in-vivo studies and clinical trials are required for more conclusive results.
Awareness of Dental Health in Competitive and Recreational Swimmers
Authors: Engineer Sachet , Tamgadge Sandhya , Rijhwani Nikita , Choudhary Nidhi , Shukla Geet 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Swimming is an exercise globally popular due to its beneficial effects. It is a well-known fact that chlorine is added to pool water for disinfection, although the repercussion of the same is not prominently described in the literature.

Aims:
(1) This study aims to establish the presence of symptoms of dental erosion in swimmers who swim competitively as well as recreationally and (2) to compare the gradient of symptoms experienced by the two groups.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out to establish the correlation between dental erosion in swimmers who swim competitively (n = 250) – 6 or more than 6 h a week and recreationally (n = 250) – lesser than 6 h a week. A questionnaire was distributed both online and manually across India and feedback was received. All the findings were correlated and statistically analyzed.

Observation and Results:
The results showed the distinct presence of the phenomenon among a majority of swimmers who experienced an array of symptoms of dental erosion such as chalkiness of teeth in 58.2% of subjects, roughness of teeth in 54.4%, generalized sensitivity in 38.2%, sensitivity to hot and cold foods/drinks in 52%, discoloration in 37.6%, and staining in 36.6% subjects. A remarkable finding of this study was the lack of generalized awareness with respect to the phenomenon among competitive and recreational swimmers

Conclusion:
This study highlights the prevalence of the phenomenon and the general lack of awareness among swimmers with respect to dental erosion associated with exposure to the chlorinated pool water.
Role of Transrectal Ultrasound and Elastography in the Diagnosis of Prostate Lesions
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Phatak Suresh Vasant 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The incidence of malignancy of prostate gland has displayed a rapid rise over recent times. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has brought revolution to radiologist's human prostate imaging methods. Information regarding elasticity of suspicious or abnormal lesions provided by strain elastography can enhance the detection rate of prostate malignancies as well as serve as a reliable visual guide for biopsy from these sites. In this prospective study, we aim to appraise the use of TRUS for diagnosing prostatic lesions, both benign and malignant, and compare it to the utility of strain elastography to precisely locate and guide biopsies of lesions while referring to the pathological diagnosis as the reference standard, wherever possible/needed.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 82 male patients who were clinically suspected to have prostate malignancy. The patients were referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, AVBRH, where they underwent transrectal ultrasonography and elastography with Hitachi Aloka ultrasound (USG) Machine Arietta S70 with biplane high-frequency transrectal probe (6–10 MHz) with elastography.

Results:
TRUS had high sensitivity (92.45%) and specificity (78.38%) for cancer detection. Strain elastography had a sensitivity of 96.23%, specificity of 81.08%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 70.83%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.83%. Based on our findings, real-time elastography had more sensitivity and higher NPV than TRUS for the identification of prostatic cancer. Hence, it can be concluded that elastography is an effective assessment tool for ruling out the possibility of malignant tumors, helping to reduce redundant biopsies.

Conclusions:
Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is an effective tool for the assessment of prostatic lesions. TRUS has high specificity, sensitivity, NPV, and PPV when assessing lesions for prostatic cancer. Elastography has high sensitivity, high specificity, high PPV, and reliable NPV when detecting for prostatic cancer. The combination of TRUS and elastography can help more efficiently assess lesions and guide biopsies to increase the identification rate of prostatic cancer.
Cochlear Implantations in Jordan
Authors: AlKhtoum Nemer , AlTamimi Shawkat , Alalwan Osama , Alrfooh Abedlrazzaq , AlKrymeen Motasem 
Published: July 2022

Aims:
This study aims to carry out a retrospective analysis of demographic information and post-operative complications with special emphasis on complications related to the soft tissue over the implanted device in patients who underwent cochlear implantation.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective study.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of 840 patients who had cochlear implants at our centre during the period between March 2010 and November 2020. The patients' demographic details and complications related to the soft tissue over the implanted device were analysed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS software version 12.

Results:
In total, 380 (45.2%) patients were male and 460 (54.8%) were female. The age of patients at the time of surgery ranged between 7 months and 68 years and the mean age was 4.64 ± 2.91 years. The majority of patients underwent unilateral cochlear implantation (837 patients), with only three patients receiving a bilateral implant. There were a total of 19 implanted patients who developed complications related to the soft tissue around the implanted device, with an incidence rate of 2.3%. Haematoma was the most commonly encountered complication and other complications were: seroma, wound infection, abscess formation and flap necrosis.

Conclusions:
Cochlear implantation is considered to be a reliable and safe surgical procedure for the rehabilitation of deaf patients. Complications can be avoided by proper patient preparation, appropriate incision and flap design, rigorous surgical techniques and periodic post-operative follow-up to detect and manage any complications early.