bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOWER-ORDER TERMS OF THE ONE-LEVEL DENSITY OF A FAMILY OF QUADRATIC HECKE -FUNCTIONS
Authors: GAO PENG , ZHAO LIANGYI 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study lower-order terms of the one-level density of low-lying zeros of quadratic Hecke L-functions in the Gaussian field. Assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis, our result is valid for even test functions whose Fourier transforms are supported in
$(-2, 2)$
. Moreover, we apply the ratios conjecture of L-functions to derive these lower-order terms as well. Up to the first lower-order term, we show that our results are consistent with each other when the Fourier transforms of the test functions are supported in
$(-2, 2)$
.
ACTIONS OF MONOIDAL CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF CARTAN TYPE LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: Pei Yufeng , Sheng Yunhe , Tang Rong , Zhao Kaiming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing crossed homomorphisms, we show that the category of weak representations (respectively admissible representations) of Lie–Rinehart algebras (respectively Leibniz pairs) is a left module category over the monoidal category of representations of Lie algebras. In particular, the corresponding bifunctor of monoidal categories is established to give new weak representations (respectively admissible representations) of Lie–Rinehart algebras (respectively Leibniz pairs). This generalises and unifies various existing constructions of representations of many Lie algebras by using this new bifunctor. We construct some crossed homomorphisms in different situations and use our actions of monoidal categories to recover some known constructions of representations of various Lie algebras and to obtain new representations for generalised Witt algebras and their Lie subalgebras. The cohomology theory of crossed homomorphisms between Lie algebras is introduced and used to study linear deformations of crossed homomorphisms.
Improvements to the Fracture Pipe Network Model for Complex 3D Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Wu Kejian , Scott Gilbert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFractures widely present in the subsurface and play a critical role in the fluid flow processes in porous media. The Fracture Pipe Network Model (FPNM) is an efficient method to represent and calculate fluid flow properties as a particular part of Discrete Fracture Networks (DFNs) method compared to direct numerical simulations. However, the current FPNM formulation can result in large deviations in computed fluid flow properties when applied to complex interconnected DFNs, although it can produce good results for simple DFNs. To enhance the performance and versatility of current FPNMs, four modifications to the FPNM formulation are introduced from different perspectives to improve the accuracy of pipe conductance assignment and ensure the correct topology of the fracture network. Two benchmarking examples with complex interconnected fractures and two real fractured samples are presented and the results show the modifications significantly improve the accuracy of computed fluid flow properties in complex DFNs.
Large Surface‐Rupture Gaps and Low Surface Fault Slip of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake Along a Low‐Activity Strike‐Slip Fault, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yuan Zhaode , Li Tao , Su Peng , Sun Haoyue , Ha Guanghao , Guo Peng , Chen Guihua , Thompson Jobe Jessica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on field investigations, interpretations of high‐resolution UAV images, and analyses of available InSAR data, we mapped the fault geometry and surface ruptures of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake that occurred on a low‐activity strike‐slip fault within the Tibetan Plateau. The results indicate that (a) the earthquake activated a fault that is ∼161 km long and has complicated structural geometry; (b) the surface rupture occurs over a distance of 148 km, but is separated into three distinct segments by two large gaps (38 and 20 km, respectively); (c) within the surface‐rupture segments, the horizontal and vertical displacements are typically 0.2–2.6 m (much lower than the InSAR‐based slip maximum of 2–6 m at depth) and ≤0.4 m, respectively. The two large gaps of the Maduo surface rupture represent the two largest surface‐rupture discontinuities of strike‐slip earthquakes ever documented, and coincide with structurally complicated fault portions and near‐surface soft sediments.
Enhanced Nighttime Fog and Low Stratus Occurrence Over the Landes Forest, France
Authors: Pauli Eva , Cermak Jan , Teuling Adriaan J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of fog and low stratus (FLS) cloud occurrence is important for traffic, ecosystems, and climate models, but it is challenging to analyze due to the complex interactions between meteorological factors and land cover. Here, we use active and passive satellite data, as well as reanalysis data to investigate nighttime FLS occurrence over the expansive Landes forest in France from 2006 to 2015. We find significant FLS enhancement over the forest compared to surrounding areas, especially in summer and fall. Lower wind speed and lower temperatures are found over the forest at night, which can enhance FLS development over the forest. Still, other drivers, such as biovolatile organic compounds acting as cloud condensation nuclei, are most likely important as well. The results show that the influence of forests on boundary layer clouds is not limited to convective daytime conditions.
Effects of Improved Simulation of Precipitation on Evapotranspiration and Its Partitioning Over Land
Authors: Cui Zeyu , Wang Yong , Zhang Guang J. , Yang Mengmiao , Liu Jane , Wei Linyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the global hydrological cycle, which is strongly modulated by the occurrence of different rainfall intensities. Global climate models (GCMs) commonly suffer from “too much light rain” and a negative bias in the ratio of transpiration (T) to ET (T/ET). It is unclear whether these biases are related. Here we show that with the improved simulation of probability density functions of rainfall intensity by suppressing light‐rain occurrence using a stochastic convection parameterization in the NCAR CESM1.2, the canopy T increases in tropical forests while evaporation from canopy interception and bare soil decreases. The simulated T/ET is increased by 2.5% globally and up to 8% regionally, primarily attributable to reduced fraction of wet leaves due to less frequent light rain despite its weak intensity. These results imply that excessive light rain is an important cause of the negative T/ET bias in GCMs.
Statistical Characteristics of Energetic Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in the Van Allen Probe Era: 1. Butterfly Distributions With Flux Peaks at Preferred Pitch Angles
Authors: Ozeke L. G. , Mann I. R. , Olifer L. , Claudepierre S. G. , Spence H. E. , Baker D. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a statistical study on the properties of equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the Earth's outer radiation belt, for the first time based on particle measurements from the entire Van Allen Probes mission. A detailed selection criteria is used to identify intervals when flux measurements at energies from 0.2 to 3.4 MeV are available across a wide range of pitch angles close to the geomagnetic equatorial plane. To better characterize the shape of each pitch angle distribution, the flux data is fitted to functions of the equatorial pitch angle based on Legendre polynomials. Using this technique, we show that the shape of the PADs strongly depends on the particle's energy, location and geomagnetic activity. These results are used to identify the dominant physical processes responsible for creating PADs with different shapes. The results presented here mainly focus on the occurrence statistics and properties of butterfly PADs. Significantly, we find clear evidence that butterfly PADs have a peak flux that preferentially occurs at two distinct and discrete equatorial pitch angles, either 35° ± 5° or 65° ± 5°. Energy, L‐shell and magnetic local time variations indicate that the flux peaks at equatorial pitch angles ∼35° appear consistent with magnetopause shadowing, whilst those peaking at ∼65° may be associated with wave‐particle interactions. We also show that the flux at low and high pitch angles, for both butterfly and nonbutterfly PADs, remains remarkably well correlated even as the flux intensity varies by four orders of magnitude.
Microstructural Controls on Mixed Mode Dynamic Fracture Propagation in Crystalline and Porous Granular Rocks
Authors: Braunagel Michael J. , Griffith W. Ashley 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrittle fracture propagation in rocks is a complex process due to significant grain‐scale heterogeneity and evolving stress states under dynamic loading conditions. In this work, we use digital image correlation and linear elastic fracture mechanics to make instantaneous measurements of the opening (mode I) and in plane shear (mode II) components of the stress intensity field during dynamic mixed mode crack initiation and propagation in crystalline and granular rocks. Both rock types display some similar fracture behaviors as observed in engineered materials, including rate dependent fracture initiation toughness and a direct relationship between propagation toughness and crack velocity; however, measured propagation toughness is higher than quasi‐static values at crack velocities well below the branching velocity in both rocks. Additionally, due to grain scale controls on the fracture process, mixed mode crack propagation is fundamentally different between these two rock types. Mixed mode propagation is energetically more favorable than pure opening mode propagation in sandstone, while the opposite is true in granite. Furthermore, following initiation, propagation in granite occurs so as to minimize the mode II contribution, irrespective of the initiation conditions, while fractures in sandstone maintain a non‐negligible mode II contribution during propagation across the sample.
Satellite Observed Sensitivity of Tropical Clouds and Moisture to Sea Surface Temperature on Various Time and Space Scales: 2. Focus on Marine Low Level Clouds
Authors: Höjgård‐Olsen Erik , Chepfer Hélène , Brogniez Hélène 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines how satellite observed relative humidity (RH) profiles, cloud covers, and cloud altitudes vary with sea surface temperature (SST) in low cloud regions on different temporal and spatial scales over the tropical oceans (30°N–30°S). We split low clouds into optically opaque and optically thin clouds and characterize for the first time their altitude variations with SST using space lidar observations. On the process scale, the median instantaneous observations at high spatial resolution show simultaneously decreasing low opaque cloud top altitude, decreasing low opaque cloud cover, increasing middle‐tropospheric RH, and decreasing lower‐tropospheric RH with SST. Collectively, these observational results suggest decreasing opaque marine boundary layer cloud cover and enhanced mixing between the middle and lower troposphere with SST on the process scale, consistent with previous Large‐Eddy Simulation studies. The covariations between opaque cloud cover and RH with SST are quantified on all time and space scales (from the process scale to the annual tropical mean scale). Meanwhile, on the process scale, low optically thin clouds, coexisting with opaque clouds, rise with SST (consistent with the literature mechanism), while the low optically thin cloud cover is insensitive to SST (not consistent with the literature mechanism). These results are then compared to a general circulation model, which captures the observed sign of change of opaque cloud cover and middle‐tropospheric RH with SST but fails to reproduce the observed vertical shrinkage of low opaque clouds with SST and the variations of low thin clouds with SST.
A Baltic Perspective on the Early to Early Late Ordovician δ13C and δ18O Records and Its Paleoenvironmental Significance
Authors: Edward Oluwaseun , Korte Christoph , Ullmann Clemens V. , Colmenar Jorge , Thibault Nicolas , Bagnoli Gabriella , Stouge Svend , Rasmussen Christian M. Ø. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current study presents new bed‐by‐bed brachiopod δ13C and δ18O records from Öland, Sweden, which together with previously published data from the East Baltic region, constitutes a high‐resolution paired brachiopod and bulk rock carbon and oxygen isotope archive through the Lower to Upper Ordovician successions of Baltoscandia. This new data set refines the temporal control on the global Ordovician δ18O‐trend considerably, improving paleoenvironmental reconstructions through the main phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE). The new brachiopod carbon and oxygen isotope records from Öland display strong similarity with the East Baltic records, elucidating the regional consistency as well as global correlation utility of the ensuing composite Baltoscandian Lower to Middle Ordovician carbon and oxygen isotope record. The carbon isotope record from Öland indicates that the widely reported Middle Ordovician carbon cycle perturbation—MDICE (Mid‐Darriwilian Carbon Isotope Excursion)—is recorded in both brachiopods and bulk carbonates. The oxygen isotope record reveals a long‐term Lower to Upper Ordovician trend of increasingly heavier brachiopod δ18O values, with a pronounced increase during the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Stage. We interpret this trend as dominantly reflecting a paleotemperature signal indicating progressively cooler Early to Middle Ordovician climate with glacio‐eustasy. Our Baltic δ18O values are therefore consistent with postulations that the biotic radiations during the GOBE and climatic cooling during the Darriwilian were strongly linked.
The Frequency‐Domain Characterization of Cosmic Ray Intensity Variations Before Forbush Decreases Associated With Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Cong , He Fei , Xue Bingsen , Zhang Xiaoxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNonrecurrent geomagnetic storms caused by Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) can induce serious impacts on space‐ and ground‐based equipment. However, these nonrecurrent geomagnetic storms are hard to predict since CMEs are not periodic. Previous studies have shown that the variations of Cosmic Ray Intensity (CRI) before nonrecurrent storms may forebode the coming geomagnetic storm. But it is difficult to extract the variations since the cosmic ray flux is a complex signal. In order to identify the precursory signal in CRI variations triggered by CME, an ensemble self‐adaptive time‐frequency analysis method was proposed and applied to 65 nonrecurrent geomagnetic storms occurred between 1998 and 2019. The results indicate that the precursory signals are successfully identified in 43 of 45 storms, after excluding 20 storms accompanied by ground level enhancement. In addition, it is also found that the spectral density of the precursory signal could reflect the active level of geomagnetic condition, which is lower during geomagnetic quiet period.
The Sustainability of Treated Wastewater Irrigation: The Impact of Hysteresis on Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Kramer Isaac , Bayer Yuval , Mau Yair 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModels for the effect of salinity and sodicity on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, have yet to consider hysteresis. Ignoring hysteresis limits our ability to assess the risk posed by irrigation with saline and sodic water, such as treated wastewater (TWW). We introduce SOTE 2.0, the first model to consider hysteresis in Ks, as driven by different climate and irrigation regimes. The new model integrates the SOTE 1.0 model for salinity and sodicity dynamics with a model for the effect of saline and sodic water on Ks that explicitly includes hysteresis. SOTE 2.0 is used to demonstrate how hysteresis significantly alters our understanding of degradation and rehabilitation. SOTE 2.0 relies on weight functions to highlight soil‐specific differences in degradation and rehabilitation patterns. While TWW irrigation can be crucial to mitigating water scarcity, simulations show that salinity and sodicity have the potential to irreversibly damage soil structure, as measured by declines in Ks. Compared to the McNeal model used by Hydrus and others, SOTE predicts up to 50% degradation risk in settings where the McNeal model predicts none. The SOTE model also predicts slower rehabilitation: up to 100 days, compared to 0 days when using the McNeal model. Results highlight the difference between susceptibility and risk, showing that the probability of degradation is not solely dependent on initial susceptibility to degradation. To fully characterize a soil, we must also know its propensity to rehabilitation.
A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: McGuinness A. J. , Davis J. A. , Dawson S. L. , Loughman A. , Collier F. , O’Hely M. , Simpson C. A. , Green J. , Marx W. , Hair C. , Guest G. , Mohebbi M. , Berk M. , Stupart D. , Watters D. , Jacka F. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects of physiology has gained substantial attention in the field of psychiatry. This is largely due to the many overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both the potential functionality of the gut microbiota and the biological mechanisms thought to be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored gut microbiota composition across disorders in an attempt to elucidate potential commonalities in the microbial signatures associated with these mental disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through to December 2021. We identified 44 studies (including a total of 2510 psychiatric cases and 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, of which 24 investigated gut microbiota composition in MDD, seven investigated gut microbiota composition in BD, and 15 investigated gut microbiota composition in SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for a difference in the number or distribution (α-diversity) of bacteria in those with a mental disorder compared to controls. However, studies were relatively consistent in reporting differences in overall community composition (β-diversity) in people with and without mental disorders. Our syntheses also identified specific bacterial taxa commonly associated with mental disorders, including lower levels of bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria, and higher levels of bacteria associated with glutamate and GABA metabolism. We also observed substantial heterogeneity across studies with regards to methodologies and reporting. Further prospective and experimental research using new tools and robust guidelines hold promise for improving our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health and the development of interventions based on modification of gut microbiota.
Induction of APOBEC3-mediated genomic damage in urothelium implicates BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) as a hit-and-run driver for bladder cancer
Authors: Baker Simon C. , Mason Andrew S. , Slip Raphael G. , Skinner Katie T. , Macdonald Andrew , Masood Omar , Harris Reuben S. , Fenton Tim R. , Periyasamy Manikandan , Ali Simak , Southgate Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLimited understanding of bladder cancer aetiopathology hampers progress in reducing incidence. Mutational signatures show the anti-viral apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) enzymes are responsible for the preponderance of mutations in bladder tumour genomes, but no causative viral agent has been identified. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common childhood infection that remains latent in the adult kidney, where reactivation leads to viruria. This study provides missing mechanistic evidence linking reactivated BKPyV-infection to bladder cancer risk. We used a mitotically-quiescent, functionally-differentiated model of normal human urothelium to examine BKPyV-infection. BKPyV-infection led to significantly elevated APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B protein, increased deaminase activity and greater numbers of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the host urothelial genome. BKPyV Large T antigen (LT-Ag) stimulated re-entry from G0 into the cell cycle through inhibition of retinoblastoma protein and activation of EZH2, E2F1 and FOXM1, with cells arresting in G2. The single-stranded DNA displacement loops formed in urothelial cells during BKPyV-infection interacted with LT-Ag to provide a substrate for APOBEC3-activity. Addition of interferon gamma (IFNγ) to infected urothelium suppressed expression of the viral genome. These results support reactivated BKPyV infections in adults as a risk factor for bladder cancer in immune-insufficient populations.
Therapeutic targeting of BAP1/ASXL3 sub-complex in ASCL1-dependent small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tsuboyama Natsumi , Wang Ru , Szczepanski Aileen Patricia , Chen Huanhuan , Zhao Zibo , Shi Lei , Wang Lu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease, with patients diagnosed with either early-stage, limited stage, or extensive stage of SCLC tumor progression. Discovering and targeting the functional biomarkers for SCLC will be crucial in understanding the molecular basis underlying SCLC tumorigenesis to better assist in improving clinical treatment. Emerging studies have demonstrated that dysregulations in BAP1 histone H2A deubiquitinase complex are collectively associated with pathogenesis in human SCLC. Here, we investigated the function of the oncogenic BAP1/ASXL3/BRD4 epigenetic axis in SCLC by developing a next-generation BAP1 inhibitor, iBAP-II, and focusing on the epigenetic balance established between BAP1 and non-canonical PRC1 complexes in regulating SCLC-specific transcriptional programming. We further demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition of BAP1’s catalytic activity disrupted BAP1/ASXL3/BRD4 epigenetic axis by inducing protein degradation of the ASXL3 scaffold protein, which bridges BRD4 and BAP1 at active enhancers. Furthermore, treatment of iBAP-II represses neuroendocrine lineage-specific ASCL1/MYCL/E2F signaling in SCLC cell lines, and dramatically inhibits SCLC cell viability and tumor growth in vivo. In summary, this study has provided mechanistic insight into the oncogenic function of BAP1 in SCLC and highlighted the potential of targeting BAP1’s activity as a novel SCLC therapy.