bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fleeting joy, divergent expectations and reconfigured intimacies: The visits home of Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore
Authors: Amrith Megha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore, visits home are highly anticipated and longed for, but only as long as they remain brief. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic research, this paper examines such visits as emotionally complex events that bring intense joy as migrants reunite with dispersed family members, but also reveal divergent expectations and feelings of loss and betrayal. These experiences are especially felt among migrant women given the gendered constructions of their migration journeys that demand strenuous relational work on their visits and far beyond. Visits home, nevertheless, are important moments through which migrant care workers re‐orient their priorities and aspirations as migrants and as women over time, often leading to prolongations of their ‘temporary’ absences. The paper further examines how migrant care workers, many of whom are on temporary work contracts in Singapore, fear and anticipate the moment when short visits ultimately become permanent returns.
Migraine management: an update for the 2020s
Authors: Eller Michael , Cheng Shuli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMigraine is a common malady cutting across socioeconomic and ethnic divides in Australia. It is typically diagnosed late with significant impact on quality of life. Management options have emerged over the past several years that promise simpler treatment regimens with less potential for side‐effects. The development of rationally designed migraine preventives is the most significant advance in treatment since the development of the triptans and delivers significant hope to many headache sufferers.
‘A disease of disparity’: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in endemic immigrant communities
Authors: Swaminathan Shriram , Chacko Bobby 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown aetiology is a form of tubulointerstitial CKD in the absence of traditional and known predisposing risk factors. Since the early 2000s, there is an emerging trend in marginalised agricultural communities among workers exposed to occupational and environmental hazards. CKD of unknown aetiology has received significant attention in recent years and is becoming increasingly relevant to the Australian medical community with the growing migrant population, which this case‐based communication illustrates.
Decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound margin tissue associated with the onset and poor wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Xu Murong , Tang Ying , Xie Dandan , Deng Lili , Chen Mingwei , Wang Youmin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between small non‐coding RNA‐204‐3p (miR‐204‐3p) and the onset and wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and the underlying molecular mechanism, sixty four newly diagnosed patients with T2DM without DFU (T2DM group), 82 T2DM patients with DFU (DFU group), and 60 controls with normal glucose tolerance (NC group) were included. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) method was used to determine miR‐204‐3p expression levels in peripheral blood and wound margin tissue of subjects, and to analyse the relationship between the expression of miR‐204‐3p and wound healing. In vitro experiments were also performed to understand the effect of miR‐204‐3p on high glucose induced injury of HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes). The results showed that miR‐204‐3p expression level of peripheral blood in the T2DM group was marked lower than that in the NC group [2.38 (1.31‐5.04) vs 3.27 (1.51‐6.98)] (P < .05). Similarly, the miR‐204‐3p expression level of peripheral blood in the DFU group was significantly lower than the T2DM group [1.15 (0.78‐2.89) vs 2.38 (1.31‐5.04)] (P < .01). The expression level of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound margin tissues of DFU patients was positively correlated with the healing rate of foot ulcers after 8 weeks (P < .05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood was an independent risk factor for DFU (OR = 2.95, P < .05). The results of in vitro experiments showed that miR‐204‐3p could improve the proliferation and migration of HKC cells and reduce the proportion of apoptosis of HKC cells by targeted regulation of zinc finger protein Kruppel like factor 6 (KLF6) in high glucose environment. Therefore, the decreased expression of miR‐204‐3p in peripheral blood and wound tissue of T2DM patients is closely related to the occurrence and poor wound healing of DFU. The down‐regulated expression of miR‐204‐3p can reduce its ability to antagonise the functional damage of keratinocytes induced by high‐glucose conditions. These results will provide potential targets for the treatment of DFU.
Salt-tolerant PGPR strain Priestia endophytica SK1 promotes fenugreek growth under salt stress by inducing nitrogen assimilation and secondary metabolites
Authors: Sharma Krishna , Sharma Sonal , Vaishnav Anukool , Jain Rahul , Singh Dinesh , Singh Harikesh Bahadur , Goel Anjana , Singh Shoorvir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Soil salinity is a huge obstacle in crop production worldwide. Saline soil can reduce active chemical contents in medicinal plants of the Leguminosae family through crippled normal nodule function. Intensive efforts are underway to improve yield and medicinal value of leguminous herbs under salt stress condition by using benign microbes. Here, an attempt was made to explore the salt-tolerant bacteria associated with rhizosphere of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and to evaluate their impact on host plant growth and metabolite of pharmaceutical importance.

Methods and results
A salt-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strain Priestia endophytica SK1 isolated from fenugreek rhizospheric soil, which increased biomass and metabolite content in plants grown under saline stress. SK1 bacterial application induced nodule formation and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus content under salt (100 mM NaCl) stress as compared to control plants. H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation as a measure of stress were observed high in control plants, while a reduction in these parameters was observed in plants inoculated with SK1. In addition, a significant effect was found on the phenolic compounds and trigonelline content in fenugreek plant inoculated with SK1 bacterium. An increased trigonelline content of about 54% over uninoculated control was recorded under salt stress.

Conclusion
The results of this study revealed that the application of salt-tolerant PGPR strain P. endophytica SK1 induced nitrogen fixation machinery that leads to alleviate salt stress and improved the biosynthesis of trigonelline content in fenugreek.

Significance of the study
This study extends our understanding on the significance of rhizosphere microbiome and their beneficial role in plant health under environmental stress to promote agro-eco-farming practices.
Connecting the dots – A literature review on learning analytics indicators from a learning design perspective
Authors: Ahmad Atezaz , Schneider Jan , Griffiths Dai , Biedermann Daniel , Schiffner Daniel , Greller Wolfgang , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the past decade, the increasingly heterogeneous field of learning analytics has been critiqued for an over‐emphasis on data‐driven approaches at the expense of paying attention to learning designs.Method and objectiveIn response to this critique, we investigated the role of learning design in learning analytics through a systematic literature review. 161 learning analytics (LA) articles were examined to identify indicators that were based on learning design events and their associated metrics. Through this research, we address two objectives. First, to achieve a better alignment between learning design and learning analytics by proposing a reference framework, where we present possible connections between learning analytics and learning design. Second, to present how LA indicators and metrics have been researched and applied in the past.Results and conclusionIn our review, we found that a number of learning analytics papers did indeed consider learning design activities for harvesting user data. We also found a consistent increase in the number and quality of indicators and their evolution over the years.
Genetic landscape of indolent and aggressive Kaposi sarcomas
Authors: Malouf G.G. , Lu X. , Mouawad R. , Spano J.‐P. , Grange P. , Yan F. , Aractingi S. , Su X. , Dupin N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundKaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare skin tumour caused by herpesvirus 8 infection and characterized by either indolence or an aggressive course necessitating systemic therapies. The genetic basis of this difference remains unknown.ObjectivesTo explore the tumour mutational burden in indolent and aggressive KS.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing on a cohort of 21 KS patients. We compared genetic landscape including tumor mutational burden between the two forms of indolent and agressive KS.ResultsAggressive KS tumours had a significantly higher TMB and a larger cumulative number of deleterious mutations than indolent KS tumours. In addition, all aggressive tumours had at least three deleterious mutations, whereas most indolent tumours harboured only one or no predicted deleterious mutations. Deleterious mutations listed in the Cancer Gene Census were detected exclusively in patients with aggressive disease. An analysis of somatic copy‐number alterations (SCNA) revealed a tendency towards higher number of alterations in aggressive KS.ConclusionsThese data suggest that SCNA alterations and an increase in mutational burden promote aggressive KS and that it might be more appropriate to consider indolent KS as an opportunistic skin disease rather than a cancer.
First ex vivo cultivation of human Demodex mites and evaluation of different drugs on mite proliferation
Authors: Clanner‐Engelshofen B.M. , Ständer L.M. , Steegmüller T. , Kämmerer T. , Frommherz L.H. , Stadler P.‐C. , Gürtler A. , Reinholz M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDemodex spp. mites are the most complex resident of the human skin microbiome. Although they are considered commensals, they can be pathophysiologically relevant in inflammatory skin diseases like rosacea. Until now, there is no culture system available for these mites except for using live vertebrate hosts.ObjectivesOur aim was to establish an ex vivo culture of human Demodex mites and to characterize the sebogenesis‐dependent mite density.MethodsDemodex mites were cultivated in pilosebaceous units of human skin explants, called human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC). Furthermore, different sebogenesis‐modifying additives were evaluated. Mites and mite survival were evaluated using light and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsAfter 90 days of incubation, living Demodex mites – including eggs, larvae and nymphs – were detected in the dissected skin samples. Incubation for 30 days with anabolic steroids (testosterone and trenbolone) as well as retinol and retinoic acid (isotretinoin) yielded a reduced mite density.ConclusionsWith this technique, mites can be cultivated ex vivo for the first time, thereby establishing new ways to investigate Demodex spp. The sebostatic effect of isotretinoin might explain the mechanism of action in the off‐label treatment of rosacea. We anticipate our findings to be the basis of an accelerated research on our most complex commensal, its life, biology and physiology.
Sterols of morphologically distinct, okadaic acid‐producing Prorocentrum texanum var. texanum and var. cuspidatum isolated from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Leblond Jeffrey D. , Lowrie Shelby D. , Myers Chelsea S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProrocentrum texanum var. texanum and its morphologically distinct yet genetically identical (as based on the sequences of five genes) variety P. texanum var. cuspidatum represent a species of Prorocentrum recently isolated from the Gulf of Mexico. Together, these two varieties represent a sister species to Prorocentrum micans. P. micans has had its sterols, which are ringed lipids common to eukaryotic cell membranes, shown in some studies to be comprised of cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol), 23,24‐dimethyl‐cholesta‐5,22‐dien‐3β‐ol, 23,24‐dimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐22E‐en‐3β‐ol, dinosterol, and 4α,23,24‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholestan‐3β‐ol (dinostanol) as major sterols, thus placing it within a previously identified cluster of dinoflagellates characterized by the predominance of cholesterol and dinosterol. In this study we have determined the sterol compositions of these two varieties of P. texanum to be abundant in cholesterol, 23,24‐dimethyl‐cholesta‐5,22‐dien‐3β‐ol, 23,24‐dimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐22E‐en‐3β‐ol, dinosterol, and dinostanol such that the varieties are virtually indistinguishable from each other, making them both in general agreement with the sterols of P. micans, its closest species relative. This expands our knowledge of the sterols of this environmentally important dinoflagellate genus.
Spawning time of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii, related to underwater photoperiodism in oyster farms
Authors: Kawai Kentaro , Fujita Hiroki , Deville Diego , Umino Tetsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe embryonic development times, spawning timing and hatching rates of the black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii were examined to investigate the potential effect of seawater temperature, tides and photoperiod on the reproductive rhythm of this species in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Low temperatures decreased hatching rates and extended the hatching time, and the minimum temperature threshold for hatching was 15°C. Back‐calculated spawning times indicated that the peak of spawning occurred just before sunset and the reduction in diurnal light intensity around the oyster rafts acted as a trigger for spawning. In contrast, no correlation was found between spawning rhythms and tidal cycle. The results highlight the important role of oyster farms in the reproductive cycle and population dynamics of A. schlegelii in Hiroshima Bay, the main spawning ground for this species in Japan. The study findings provide insights for the sustainable management of this important sparid species.
Resting‐state functional MRI for motor cortex mapping in childhood‐onset focal epilepsy
Authors: Krishnamurthy Manu , You Xiaozhen , Sepeta Leigh N. , Matuska Emily , Oluigbo Chima , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D. , Gholipour Taha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeTask‐based functional MRI (fMRI) mapping of the motor function prior to epilepsy surgery has limitations in children with epilepsy. We present a data‐driven method to automatically delineate the motor cortex using task‐free, resting‐state fMRI (rsfMRI) data.MethodsWe used whole‐brain rsfMRI for independent component analysis (ICA). A template matching process with Discriminability Index‐based Component Identification score was used for each participant to select and combine motor ICA components in their native brain space, resulting in a whole‐brain ICA Motor Map (wIMM). We validated wIMM by comparing individual results with bilateral finger‐tapping motor task fMRI activation, and evaluated its reproducibility in controls.ResultsData from 64 patients and 12 controls were used to generate group wIMM maps. The hit rate between wIMM and motor task activation ranged from 60% to 79% across all participants. Sensitivity of wIMM for capturing the task activation peak was 87.5% among 32 patients and 100% in 12 controls with available motor task results. We also showed high similarity in repeated runs in controls.ConclusionsOur results show the sensitivity and reproducibility of an automated motor mapping method based on ICA analysis of rsfMRI in children with epilepsy. The ICA maps may provide different, but useful, information than task fMRI. Future studies will expand our method to mapping other brain functions, and may lead to a surgical planning tool for patients who cannot perform task fMRI and help predict their postsurgical function.
Rural/urban differences in access to paid sick leave among full‐time workers
Authors: Henning‐Smith Carrie , Dill Janette , Baldomero Arianne , Backes Kozhimannil Katy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeAccess to paid sick leave is critically important to promoting good health, caregiving, and stopping the spread of disease. In this study, we estimate whether access to paid sick leave among US full‐time workers differs between rural and urban residents.MethodsWe used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey and included adult respondents between the ages of 18 and 64 who were employed full‐time (n = 12,086). We estimated bivariate differences in access to paid sick leave by rural/urban residence, and then calculated the predicted probability of access to paid sick leave, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics, across different education levels.FindingsWe find a nearly 10‐percentage point difference in access to paid sick leave between rural and urban adults (68.1% vs 77.1%, P<.001). The difference in access to paid sick leave between rural and urban residents remained significant even after adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. The fully adjusted predicted probability of paid sick leave for rural full‐time workers was 69.8%, compared with 76.4% for urban full‐time workers (P<.001). We also identified lower levels of paid leave for rural (vs urban) workers within each educational category.ConclusionsFull‐time workers in rural areas have less access to paid sick leave than full‐time workers in urban areas. Without access to paid sick leave, rural and urban residents may go to work while contagious or forego necessary health care. Left to individual employers or localities, rural inequities in access to paid sick leave will likely persist.
Spatial and environmental variables structure sponge symbiont communities
Authors: Cleary Daniel F. R. , Polónia Ana R. M. , Swierts Thomas , Coelho Francisco J. R. C. , de Voogd Nicole J. , Gomes Newton C. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the maintenance and origin of beta diversity is a central topic in ecology. However, the factors that drive diversity patterns and underlying processes remain unclear, particularly for host‐prokaryotic associations. Here, beta diversity patterns were studied in five prokaryotic biotopes, namely, two high microbial abundance (HMA) sponge taxa (Xestospongia spp. and Hyrtios erectus), one low microbial abundance (LMA) sponge taxon (Stylissa carteri), sediment and seawater sampled across thousands of kilometres. Using multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM), spatial (geographic distance) and environmental (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll α concentrations) variables proved significant predictors of beta diversity in all five biotopes and together explained from 54% to 82% of variation in dissimilarity of both HMA species, 27% to 43% of variation in sediment and seawater, but only 20% of variation of the LMA S. carteri. Variance partitioning was subsequently used to partition the variation into purely spatial, purely environmental and spatially‐structured environmental components. The amount of variation in dissimilarity explained by the purely spatial component was lowest for S. carteri at 11% and highest for H. erectus at 55%. The purely environmental component, in turn, only explained from 0.15% to 2.83% of variation in all biotopes. In addition to spatial and environmental variables, a matrix of genetic differences between pairs of sponge individuals also proved a significant predictor of variation in prokaryotic dissimilarity of the Xestospongia species complex. We discuss the implications of these results for the HMA‐LMA dichotomy and compare the MRM results with results obtained using constrained ordination and zeta diversity.
Hydrodynamic model for renal microvascular filtration: Effects of physiological and hemodynamic changes on glomerular size‐selectivity
Authors: Punyaratabandhu Numpong , Dechadilok Panadda , Triampo Wannapong , Katavetin Pisut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe first step in renal urine formation is ultrafiltration across the glomerular barrier. The change in its nanostructure has been associated with nephrotic syndromes. Effects of physiological and hemodynamic factor alterations associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) on glomerular permselectivity are examined through a mathematical model employing low‐Reynolds‐number hydrodynamics and hindered transport theory.MethodsGlomerular capillaries are represented as networks of cylindrical tubes with multilayered walls. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a fibrous medium with bimodal fiber sizes. Epithelial slit fiber spacing follows a lognormal distribution based on reported electron micrographs with the highest resolution. Endothelial fenestrae are filled with fibers the size of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Effects of fiber‐macromolecule steric and hydrodynamic interactions are included. Focusing on diabetic nephropathy, the physiological and hemodynamic factors employed in the computation are those reported for healthy humans and patients with early‐but‐overt diabetic nephropathy. The macromolecule concentration is obtained as a finite element solution of the convection‐diffusion equation.ResultsComputed sieving coefficients averaged along the capillary length agree well with ficoll sieving coefficients from studies in humans for most solute radii. GBM thickening and the loss of the slit diaphragm hardly affect glomerular permselectivity. GAG volume fraction reduction in the endothelial fenestrae, however, significantly increases macromolecule filtration. Increased renal plasma flow rate (RPF), glomerular hypertension, and reduction of lumen osmotic pressure cause a slight sieving coefficient decrease. These effects are amplified by an increased macromolecule size.ConclusionOur results indicate that glomerular hypertension and the reduction in the oncotic pressure decreases glomerular macromolecule filtration. Reduction of RPF and changes in the glomerular barrier structure associated with DN, however, increase the solute sieving. Damage to GAGs caused by hyperglycemia is likely to be the most prominent factor affecting glomerular size‐selectivity.