bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-wide modulation bySargassum vulgareandAcanthophora spiciferaextracts results in a prime-triggered plant signalling cascade in tomato and sweet pepper
Authors: Ali Omar , Ramsubhag Adesh , Jayaraman Jayaraj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeaweed extracts (SWEs) are becoming integrated into crop production systems due to their multiple beneficial effects including growth promotion and induction of defence mechanisms. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of these effects are yet to be elucidated. The current study investigated the transcriptomic changes induced by SWEs derived from Sargassum vulgare and Acanthophora spicifera on tomato and sweet pepper plants. Tomato and sweet pepper plants were subjected to foliar treatment with alkaline extracts prepared from the above seaweeds. Transcriptome changes in the plants were assessed 72 h after treatments using RNA sequencing. The treated plants were also analysed for defence enzyme activities, nutrient composition and phytohormonal profiles. The results showed the significant enrichment of genes associated with several growth and defence processes including photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interaction, secondary metabolite metabolism, MAPK signalling and amino acid biosynthesis. Activities of defence enzymes were also significantly increased in SWE-treated plants. Plant nutrient profiling showed significant increases in calcium, potassium, nitrogen, sulphur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and phosphorous levels in SWE-treated plants. Furthermore, the levels of auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins were also significantly increased in the treated plants. The severity of bacterial leaf spot and early blight incidence in plants treated with SWE was significantly reduced, in addition to other effects like an increase in chlorophyll content, plant growth, and fruit yield. The results demonstrated the complex effect of S. vulgare and A. spicifera extracts on the plants’ transcriptome and provided evidence of a strong role of these extracts in increasing plant growth responses while priming the plants against pathogenic attack simultaneously. The current study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SWEs in plants and helps their usage as a viable organic input for sustainable crop production.
Preoperative planning using virtual reality for percutaneous transseptal valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral valve replacement: a case report
Authors: Castellanos Jorge M , Barbery Daniela , Yefimov Alex , Dang Phuong N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Virtual reality (VR) technology has been implemented as a pre-procedural planning tool for cardiovascular interventions to enable detailed evaluation of patient anatomy from different vantage points. Here, we employed a VR platform to preoperatively plan for percutaneous valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral replacement (ViV-TMVR) in a prohibitive surgical candidate.

Case summary
An 85-year-old male with a history of two prior sternotomies for bioprosthetic aortic valve (AV) and mitral valve (MV) 31 mm Medtronic Mosaic bioprosthesis presented with severe mitral regurgitation from a degenerative bioprosthetic MV. The patient was deemed a prohibitive surgical candidate for a third sternotomy and instead was recommended a percutaneous transseptal ViV-TMVR. An electrocardiogram-gated chest computed tomography (CT) provided a neo-left-ventricular outflow tract (neo-LVOT) of 1.89 cm2. This CT was reconstructed to create a 360° VR (360VR) model. A 29 mm SAPIEN three bioprosthetic valve, selected based on the already implanted MV, was placed inside the bioprosthetic MV and analysed in VR at different angles to ensure it would not obstruct the LVOT. The neo-LVOT measured in VR was 3.02 cm2, which would allow for sufficient blood flow without significant obstruction from the new SAPIEN three bioprosthetic valve. The patient tolerated the procedure well.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the utility of VR as a pre-procedural planning tool for interventional cardiology procedures. Preoperative planning in VR alleviated concerns regarding obstruction of the neo-LVOT and helped confirm safe implantation by clearly showing the three-dimensional spatial relationship between the implants and surrounding patient anatomy.
Short-term efficacy of caries resin infiltration during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wierichs Richard Johannes , Bourouni Sotiria , Kalimeri Elena , Gkourtsogianni Sofia , Meyer-Lueckel Hendrik , Kloukos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2022

SummaryObjectivesObjective of this trial was to assess the masking results in initial caries lesions (ICL) that were resin infiltrated during fixed orthodontic treatment in comparison to contralateral teeth that were fluoridated only.Trial designA randomized, controlled, split-mouth trial.MethodsAdolescent patients (age range: 12–18 years) with fixed orthodontic appliances who had developed ICL [ICDAS 1 or 2 (International Caries Detection and Assessment System)] during orthodontic treatment were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either resin infiltration (Icon) with up to 3 etching procedures (Inf) or to a fluoride varnish (Tiefenfluorid) (FV). Both interventions were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Outcome assessors were blinded to the applied intervention. Primary and secondary outcomes included the evaluation of the appearance of the ICL before (T0) and 1 week after (T1) treatment by digital photographs (ΔE), laser fluorescence readings (DD), and ICDAS scores.BlindingDue to the treatment nature neither the operators nor the patients could be blinded. However, outcome assessors and the statistician were blinded.ResultsFifteen patients (9 female) with 60 ICL were included (mean age: 14.6 years). At baseline FV and Inf did not differ significantly in ΔE (median ΔE0,T (25th/75th percentiles):10.7(9.1/20.9): ΔE0,I:13.4(10.3/18.5); P = 0.469), DD (P = 0.867) and ICDAS (P = 0.521). One-week after treatment (T1) ΔE values (P &lt; 0.001), DD values (P &lt; 0.001), and ICDAS scores (P = 0.014) for Inf were significantly reduced, whereas ΔE values (P = 0.125) and ICDAS scores (P = 0.073) for FV remained unchanged.LimitationNatural remineralizing in the standard interventional control group cannot be observed yet, since up to 6 months are needed to naturally remineralize ICL.ConclusionsBased on our short-term data, resin infiltration effectively masked ICL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Fluoridation was not able to immediately improve the visual appearance of ICL. Further longer-term assessment should focus not only on the aesthetic outcome, but also on the caries inhibitory effect of resin infiltration during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00011797).
Genomics of sexual cell fate transdifferentiation in the mouse gonad
Authors: Murphy Mark W , Gearhart Micah D , Wheeler Andrew , Bardwell Vivian J , Zarkower David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sex determination in mammals hinges on a cell fate decision in the fetal bipotential gonad between formation of male Sertoli cells or female granulosa cells. While this decision normally is permanent, loss of key cell fate regulators such as the transcription factors Dmrt1 and Foxl2 can cause postnatal transdifferentiation from Sertoli to granulosa-like (Dmrt1) or vice versa (Foxl2). Here, we examine the mechanism of male-to-female transdifferentiation in mice carrying either a null mutation of Dmrt1 or a point mutation, R111G, that alters the DNA-binding motif and causes human XY gonadal dysgenesis and sex reversal. We first define genes misexpressed during transdifferentiation and then show that female transcriptional regulators driving transdifferentiation in the mutant XY gonad (ESR2, LRH1, FOXL2) bind chromatin sites related to those normally bound in the XX ovary. We next define gene expression changes and abnormal chromatin compartments at the onset of transdifferentiation that may help destabilize cell fate and initiate the transdifferentiation process. We model the R111G mutation in mice and show that it causes dominant gonadal dysgenesis, analogous to its human phenotype but less severe. We show that R111G partially feminizes the testicular transcriptome and causes dominant disruption of DMRT1 binding specificity in vivo. These data help illuminate how transdifferentiation occurs when sexual cell fate maintenance is disrupted and identify chromatin sites and transcripts that may play key roles in the transdifferentiation process.
Getting Over Past Mistakes: Prospective and Retrospective Regret in Older Adults
Authors: Huang Yi , Pat Narun , Kok Bing Cai , Chai Jingwen , Feng Lei , Yu Rongjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveA considerable number of older people who hold powerful positions in governments and corporate are actively engaged in making decisions that have a far-reaching impact on the community. Some of them have to make decisions on behalf of others, and sometimes, the outcomes of their decisions for others are unfavorable. We experience retrospective regret when the obtained outcome turns out to be less attractive than the counterfactual one. We also actively make choices to avoid regretful outcomes if we prospectively anticipate the regret. In the current study, we investigated how older adults experience regret and how they make choices to avoid potential regret, in the context of making decisions for themselves and on behalf of others.MethodSixty younger and 60 older participants performed a gambling task in which two types of regret were independently measured: prospective (planning to avoid regret during decision making) and retrospective (feeling of regret following the comparison of alternative outcomes).ResultsOur results showed that compared to younger adults, the older adults were less sensitive to regret-inducing outcomes, whereas they demonstrated comparable ability in using prospective regret to guide decisions, regardless of whether they made decisions for themselves or on behalf of others.DiscussionOur findings indicate that although older adults experience blunted regret, their ability to avoid future regret to guide subsequent choices remains unimpaired. Our research has implications for understanding how older adults cope with regret.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in situ
Authors: Ando Kohei , Morohoshi Takao , Tsuura Yukio , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma at an in situ stage was traditionally challenging, it is now possible owing to advances in molecular biological methods such as P16 fluorescence in situ hybridization or BRCA1-associated protein 1 immunohistochemistry. Here, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of total parietal pleurectomy for mesothelioma in situ. Future follow-up and accumulation of cases are necessary to determine whether total parietal pleurectomy could be applied as a treatment for mesothelioma in situ or not.
Solute transport with Michaelis–Menten kinetics forin vitrocell culture
Authors: Hyndman Lauren , McKee Sean , McGinty Sean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA traditional method of in vitro cell culture involves a monolayer of cells at the base of a petri dish filled with culture medium. While the primary role of the culture medium is to supply nutrients to the cells, drug or other solutes may be added, depending on the purpose of the experiment. Metabolism by cells of oxygen, nutrients and drug is typically governed by Michaelis–Menten (M-M) kinetics. In this paper, a mathematical model of solute transport with M-M kinetics is developed. Upon non-dimensionalization, the reaction/diffusion system is re-characterized in terms of Volterra integral equations, where a parameter $\beta $, the ratio of the initial solute concentration to the M-M constant, proves important: $\beta \ll 1$ is relevant to drug metabolism for the liver, whereas $\beta \gg 1$ is more appropriate in the case of oxygen metabolism. Regular perturbation expansions for both cases are obtained. A small-time expansion and steady-state solution are also presented. All results are compared against the numerical solution of the Volterra integral equations, and excellent agreement is found. The utility of the model and analytical solutions are discussed in the context of assisting experimental researchers to better understand the environment within in vitro cell culture experiments.
Ballots Instead of Bullets? The Effect of the Voting Rights Act on Political Violence
Authors: Lacroix Jean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe extension of voting rights epitomizes the construction of modern democracies. This paper empirically investigates the effect of such an enfranchisement on political violence in the context of the US Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965, which forbade discrimination in voting. The formula the VRA used to determine the counties it applied to generated both geographic and temporal local discontinuities in enfranchisement. This paper’s empirical strategy takes advantage of these features by comparing the evolution of political violence in geographically close covered and non-covered counties. Difference-in-differences estimates indicate that VRA coverage halved the incidence and the onset of political violence. Additional empirical evidence implies that voting became the new institutionalized way to state political preferences. Indeed, VRA coverage mostly decreased electoral and small-scale strategic violence. This result is not explained by disaggrievement. Extensions suggest that new strategies of political action may explain a decrease in violence after enfranchisement.
Cancer risk in patients with diverticular disease: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Walker Marjorie M , Thuresson Marcus , Roelstraete Bjorn , Sköldberg Filip , Olén Ola , Strate Lisa L , Chan Andrew T , Ludvigsson Jonas F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
There are little data on diverticular disease and cancer development other than colorectal cancer.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study with linkage of nationwide registers to the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden histopathology cohort. We included 75 704 patients with a diagnosis of diverticular disease and colorectal histopathology and 313 480 reference individuals from the general population matched on age, sex, calendar year, and county. Cox proportional hazards models estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between diverticular disease and overall cancer and specific cancers.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 6 years, we documented 12 846 incident cancers among patients with diverticular disease and 43 354 incident cancers among reference individuals from the general population. Compared with reference individuals, patients with diverticular disease had statistically significantly increased overall cancer incidence (24.5 vs 18.1 per 1000 person-years), equivalent to 1 extra cancer case in 16 individuals with diverticular disease followed-up for 10 years. After adjusting for covariates, having a diagnosis of diverticular disease was associated with a 33% increased risk of overall cancer (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31 to 1.36). The risk increases also persisted compared with siblings as secondary comparators (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.32). Patients with diverticular disease also had an increased risk of specific cancers, including colon cancer (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.60 to 1.82), liver cancer (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.41 to 2.10), pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.84), and lung cancer (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.61). The increase in colorectal cancer risk was primarily restricted to the first year of follow-up, and especially early cancer stages.

Conclusions
Patients with diverticular disease who have colorectal histopathology have an increased risk of overall incident cancer.
Implementation and Patient Outcomes of a Pediatric COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Program
Authors: Blind Jill E , Sapko Matt , Killough Alex , Thornton Hannah , Watson Joshua R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The severity and reach of the COVID-19 pandemic drove the development of various therapeutic approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2, including several neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies. A January 2021 pediatric consensus statement opposed routine use and recommended individualized risk assessments when considering COVID-19 mAb therapies in children and adolescents due to limited data. This report describes the implementation of a mAb referral process and the clinical outcomes of patients who received a mAb infusion in a pediatric hospital.

Methods
We developed a tiered allocation system based on underlying medical conditions and incorporated it into a standardized COVID-19 mAb referral and approval process. Demographics and clinical data were collected on all patients who received mAb therapy for treatment or post-exposure prophylaxis. Data recorded included sociodemographics, qualifying underlying medical conditions, clinical manifestations of infection, and overall course of treatment and disease.

Results
A total of 182 patients ≤21 years old received a COVID-19 mAb infusion between November 27, 2020 and January 26, 2022. Patient age ranged from 10 months to 21 years, with a median age of 15 years. In total, 7 patients (4%) had suspected adverse reactions during the infusion, and 15 (8%) patients required a COVID-19-related visit within 30 days of the mAb infusion.

Conclusions
A tiered allocation process may provide the framework for the stratification and efficient distribution of mAb therapies. Future research must focus on the efficacy of these therapies in the pediatric population, standardized therapeutic prioritization, and the optimal timeframe for mAb delivery to prevent progression to severe disease.
‘Scholars at Risk’ in Germany: Forced Migration and Agency in Forced Migration Decision-Making
Authors: Yarar Betül , Karakaşoğlu Yasemin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe recent migration waves from countries ruled by leaders with autocratic tendencies or under war regimes included also the forced migration of academics who have become targets of widening severe attacks against academic-scientific values, institutions, and students/scholars (GCP EA). Based on empirical research, this paper studies the forced migration of scholars from such countries to Germany after 2015. While putting theoretical concepts deriving from distinct study fields (such as forced migration and exile studies) into a dialog, the paper perceives the migration of these scholars as forced due to risks they encountered in their home countries. It also addresses the complexity of their forced migration as a multidimensional and relational process involving various structural and subjective push-pull drives. In line with the empirical data and post-structuralist theories on migration and forced migration, the paper pursues the following theses: Risks and responses against risks are varied and involve the agency of migrants. Although forced migration is a regulated process concerning migration regimes and laws, it calls for the performance/agency of exiled scholars and other actors’ governing activities. As a complex and transformative process, forced migration results in different exilic positions. It is not a predetermined linear process in time and space, but a process with unexpected outcomes, since it entails the ongoing struggle of exiled scholars over/through their academic and social networks and capitals, which function as mediating-pulling drivers.
Orbital stability of proposed NY virginis exoplanets
Authors: Mai Xinyu , Mutel Robert L 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Er et al. (2021) recently proposed a two-planet solution to account for eclipse timing variations (ETVs) observed from the sdB binary NY Virginis. We tested the proposed planetary system for orbit stability using both numerical simulations and chaotic behaviour analysis. The best-fit orbits, as well as those with parameters varying by the published uncertainty range in each parameter, were unstable on a time-scale much less than the presumed lifetime of the PCEB phase (∼100 Myr). Suggesting that the proposed circumbinary companions fail to provide a complete explanation for the observed ETVs.
Constraining Type Ia supernovae via their distances from spiral arms
Authors: Karapetyan Arpine G 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the distribution of 77 supernovae (SNe) Ia relative to spiral arms of their Sab–Scd host galaxies, using our original measurements of the SN distances from the nearby arms, and study their light-curve decline rates (Δm15). For the galaxies with prominent spiral arms, we show that the Δm15 values of SNe Ia, which are located on the arms, are typically smaller (slower declining) than those of interarm SNe Ia (faster declining). We demonstrate that the SN Ia distances from the spiral arms and their galactocentric radii are correlated: before and after the average corotation radius, SNe Ia are located near the inner and outer edges (shock fronts) of spiral arms, respectively. For the first time, we find a significant correlation between the Δm15 values and SN distances from the shock fronts of the arms (progenitor birthplace), which is explained in the frameworks of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf explosion models and density wave theory, where, respectively, the Δm15 parameter and SN distance from the shock front are appropriate progenitor population age (lifetime) indicators.