bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder
Authors: Allison Kelly C. , Chao Ariana M. , Bruzas Maija B. , McCuen‐Wurst Courtney , Jones Elizabeth , McAllister Cooper , Gruber Kathryn , Berkowitz Robert I. , Wadden Thomas A. , Tronieri Jena S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, for binge eating disorder (BED).MethodsAdults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 enrolled in a pilot, 17‐week double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg/day for BED. The primary outcome was number of objective binge episodes (OBEs)/week. Binge remission, weight change, and psychosocial variables were secondary outcomes. Mixed effect models were used for continuous variables, and generalized estimating equations were used for remission rates.ResultsParticipants (n = 27) were 44.2 ± 10.6 years; BMI = 37.9 ± 11.8 kg/m2; 63% women; and 59% White and 41% Black. At baseline, the liraglutide group (n = 13) reported 4.7 ± 0.7 OBEs/week, compared with 3.0 ± 0.7 OBEs/week for the placebo group, p = 0.07. At week 17, OBEs/week decreased by 4.0 ± 0.6 in liraglutide participants and by 2.5 ± 0.5 in placebo participants (p = 0.37, mean difference = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 2.0). BED remission rates of 44% and 36%, respectively, did not differ. Percent weight loss was significantly greater in the liraglutide versus the placebo group (5.2 ± 1.0% vs. 0.9 ± 0.7%, p = 0.005).ConclusionParticipants in both groups reported reductions in OBEs, with the liraglutide group showing clinically meaningful weight loss. A pharmacy medication dispensing error was a significant limitation of this study. Further research on liraglutide and other GLP‐1 agonists for BED is warranted.
Study on the technology of efficient extraction of eleutheroside E from Acanthopanax senticosus by green solvent DES
Authors: Mu Li‐Ting , Zhang Qi‐Di , Sun Shi‐Yuan , Liu Bing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐Ran , Sun Chang‐Hai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAcanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms is a medicinal and edible plant which is clinically used for the recovery and treatment of cardiovascular and central diseases. As a characteristic active pharmaceutical ingredient of Acanthopanax senticosus, eleutheroside E is the core of the therapeutic effect. Organic solvent extraction has low selectivity, low extraction rate, difficulty in separation and purification and safety risks. The purpose of this study was to extract the effective component of Acanthopanax senticosus with a new green solvent.MethodsIn this article, two kinds of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) (DES‐1 and DES‐2) were synthesised by heating and stirring methods. Eleutheroside E was extracted by ultrasonic extraction with two kinds of DES as extractants and quantitatively analysed by Orbitrap‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).ResultsThe main results showed that the initial polarity of the DES was similar to that of 60 to 80% ethanol and hydrogen bond donors were the main factors affecting the polarity of DES. In the test, the viscosity of DES was higher than that of ethanol, and even the addition of a small amount of water (10%) caused intermolecular hydrogen bond disruption and redistribution of the solvent, resulting in a significant decrease in solvent viscosity. The solvents in the test group were stable after standing at 5°C in the dark for 100 days. The extraction rate of eleutheroside E by DES solvent was 5‐6 times higher than that by ethanol. DES‐1 and DES‐2 can efficiently extract eleutheroside E.ConclusionThis study developed a new method for the application of the green extraction of eleutheroside E with certain practical significance.
Photovoltaic module antireflection coating degradation survey using color microscopy and spectral reflectance
Authors: Karin Todd , Reed Mason , Rand Jim , Flottemesch Robert , Jain Anubhav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommercial antireflective coatings (ARCs) on photovoltaic (PV) module glass can improve module power by 2.5%–3.0%, but their long‐term field performance requires additional study. In this paper, we investigate ARC performance on fielded modules using two nondestructive techniques: reflectance spectroscopy and RGB microscopy, finding a large variation in coating durability and performance. For new coatings, the fleet average nominal power enhancement is 2.8%. This power enhancement is observed to degrade at approximately −0.05%/year absolute over the first 8 years of fielding in arrays that are not regularly cleaned. Interferometry and imaging results imply that coating loss for these modules is due to slow chemical thinning of the initial 125 nm thick coating by 1.4 to 5.0 nm/year. Due to the physics of interference coatings, the performance loss is projected to accelerate as the coating is further thinned, resulting in a coating lifetime (time to 80% of initial performance) of 7.5 to 25 years. At the higher 5.0 nm/year coating loss rates, we estimate that −0.14%/year power degradation of the module can be attributed solely to ARC degradation over the first 20 years. Extreme coating loss is observed on some modules where after 8 years fielding, the coating can be completely removed with a single wet wipe with a lens tissue. A case study is also presented comparing ARC and noncoated modules installed at a single site in 2013. We find that the ARC modules have a 2.6% higher soiling power loss than the noncoated modules; this exceeds the ARC power enhancement of 2.4% and leads to the surprising conclusion that the ARC lowers production for modules in this location due to increased soiling. These results demonstrate that RGB microscopy is a powerful, field‐capable, and quantitative characterization technique for assessing degradation of PV module ARCs.
Evaluation of field‐based single plant phenotyping for wheat breeding
Authors: Crain Jared , Wang Xu , Evers Byron , Poland Jesse 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) has the potential to revolutionize plant breeding by providing scientists with exponentially more data than was available through traditional observations. Even though data collection is rapidly increasing, the optimum use of this data and implementation in the breeding program has not been thoroughly explored. In an effort to apply HTP to the earliest stages of a plant breeding program, we extended field‐based HTP pipelines to evaluate and extract data from spaced single plants. Using a panel of 340 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines planted in full plots and grid‐spaced single plants for two growing seasons, we evaluated relationships between single plants and full plot yields. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was collected multiple times through the growing season using an unoccupied aerial vehicle. NDVI measurements during grain filling stage from both single plants and full plots were typically positively associated with their respective grain yield with correlation ranging from ‐0.22 to 0.74. The relationship between single plant NDVI and full plot yield, however, was variable between seasons ranging from ‐0.40 to 0.06. A genome wide association analysis (GWAS) identified the same marker trait associations in both full plots and single plants, but also displayed variability between growing seasons. Strong genotype by environment interactions could impede selection on quantitative traits, yet these methods could provide an effective tool for plant breeding programs to quickly screen early‐generation germplasm. Efficient use of early‐generation, affordable HTP data could improve overall genetic gain in plant breeding.
Early lung ultrasound score to predict noninvasive ventilation needing in neonates from 33 weeks of gestational age: A multicentric study
Authors: Perri Alessandro , Sbordone Annamaria , Patti Maria L. , Nobile Stefano , Tirone Chiara , Giordano Lucia , Tana Milena , D'Andrea Vito , Priolo Francesca , Serrao Francesca , Riccardi Riccardo , Prontera Giorgia , Maddaloni Chiara , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Boldrini Luca , Vento Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo propose an early lung ultrasound (LUS) score for the prediction of the need for respiratory assistance in newborns of gestational age (GA) ≥ 33 weeks presenting respiratory distress.Study Design and SettingMulticenter, prospective observational study in third‐level neonatal intensive care units.Patient SelectionInfants with GA ≥ 33 + 0 weeks with respiratory distress within 3 h of life.MethodsThree LUS for each patient were collected: within 3 h of life (T0), at 4–6 h of life (T1), and at the resolution of symptoms (T2). The primary aim was to assess the validity of the early LUS score in predicting the need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We also evaluated the validity of the score in predicting the need for surfactant, the scores' trend in our population, and any correlation with the duration of ventilation and oxygen therapy.ResultsSixty‐two patients were enrolled in the study. The mean GA was 36 weeks. The receiver operating characteristic analysis for the LUS T0 and T1 yielded area under the curves of 0.91 and 0.82 in predicting the need for CPAP, respectively. LUS score cut off of 6 (sensitivity 84.8%, specificity 86.2%) and 5 (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 100%) were calculated at T0 and T1, respectively. We found significant correlations between LUS score and respiratory assistance, surfactant administration, and SpO2/FiO2 ratio.ConclusionAn early LUS score is a good noninvasive predictor of the need for respiratory assistance with CPAP and surfactant administration in newborns with GA ≥ 33 weeks.
Breath sound analyses of infants with respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Kuruma Kenta , Otomo Tomofumi , Sakama Takashi , Akiyama Kosuke , Takakura Hiromitsu , Toyama Daisuke , Hirai Kota , Furuya Hiroyuki , Kato Masahiko , Mochizuki Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe reliability of a breath sound analysis using an objective method in infants has been reported.ObjectiveBreath sounds of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute bronchiolitis were analyzed via a breath sound spectrogram to evaluate their characteristics and examine their relationship with the severity.Subjects and MethodsWe evaluated the inspiratory and expiratory breath sound parameters of 33 infants diagnosed with RSV acute bronchiolitis. The sound powers of inspiration and expiration were evaluated at the acute phase and recovery phase of infection. Furthermore, the relationship between the breath sound parameters and the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis was examined.ResultsAnalyses of the breath sound spectrogram showed that the power of expiration as well as the expiration‐to‐inspiration sound ratio in the mid‐frequency (E/I MF) was increased in the acute phase and decreased during the recovery phase. The E/I MF was inversely correlated with the SpO2 and positively correlated with the severity score.ConclusionIn infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis, the sound power of respiration was large at the acute phase, significantly decreasing in the recovery phase. In 61% of participants, nonuniform, granular bands were shown in the low‐pitched region of the expiratory spectrogram.
Optimization and impact assessment of Aeolus HLOS wind assimilation in NOAA's global forecast system
Authors: Garrett Kevin , Liu Hui , Ide Kayo , Hoffman Ross N. , Lukens Katherine E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe European Space Agency Aeolus mission launched the first‐of‐its‐kind space‐borne Doppler wind lidar in August 2018. The Aeolus Level‐2B (L2B) Horizontal Line‐of‐Sight (HLOS) wind observations are integrated into the NOAA Finite‐Volume Cubed‐Sphere Global Forecast System (FV3GFS). Components of the data assimilation system are optimized to increase the forecast impact from these Aeolus observations. Three observing‐system experiments (OSEs) are performed using the Aeolus L2B HLOS winds for the period of August 2–September 16, 2019: a baseline experiment assimilating all observations that are operationally assimilated in NOAA's FV3GFS but without Aeolus; an experiment adding the Aeolus L2B HLOS winds on top of the baseline configuration; and an experiment adding the Aeolus L2B HLOS winds on top of the baseline but also including a total least‐squares (TLS) regression bias correction applied to the HLOS winds. The variances of the Aeolus HLOS wind random errors (i.e., observation errors) are estimated using the Hollingsworth–Lonnberg (HL) method. Results from both OSEs demonstrate positive impact of Aeolus L2B HLOS winds on the NOAA global forecast. The largest impact is seen in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where the Day 1–3 wind vector forecast root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) is reduced by up to 4%. Additionally, the assimilation of Aeolus impacts the steering currents ambient to tropical cyclones, resulting in a 15% reduction in track forecast error in the Eastern Pacific basin Day 2–5 forecasts, and a 5% and 20% reduction in track forecast error in the Atlantic basin at Day 2 and Day 5, respectively. In most cases, the additional TLS bias correction increases the positive impact of Aeolus data assimilation in the NOAA global numerical weather prediction (NWP) system when compared to the assimilation of Aeolus without bias correction.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi prevent the negative effect of drought and modulate the growth‐defence trade‐off in tomato plants
Authors: Orine Dimitri , Defossez Emmanuel , Vergara Fredd , Uthe Henriette , van Dam Nicole M. , Rasmann Sergio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionA wide range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be applied to agricultural soils as biofertilizers for increasing crop growth and yield. Current research also shows that AMF can stimulate plant defences against a range of herbivores and pathogens. However, to date, the efficient use of AMF in agriculture is largely impaired by our inability to predict the performance of different AMF‐plant complexes in variable environments. For instance, AMFs by increasing plant foraging capacity might alleviate allocation constraints in relation to growth versus defences. However, whether this effect occurs might depend on the in situ conditions. The main goal of this study was to investigate the context‐dependency of the ability of AMF to modulate plant growth and resistance against herbivores under variable soil water availability.Materials and MethodsTo address our goal, we performed a greenhouse experiment for measuring the effect of different AMF inocula (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, or both) on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and defences against an insect herbivore under two conditions: a normal watering regime or drought conditions. We measured the functional, physiological and chemical traits of the plants.ResultsWe found that AMF presence generally decreased plant growth, but increased chemical defences and resistance against generalist caterpillars. Such growth‐defence trade‐off was nonetheless dependent on the identity of the mycorrhizal inoculum and on soil water content. Under drought, inoculated tomato plants lowered their investment to defence and noninoculated plants lowered their growth.ConclusionThis study highlights the influence of abiotic factors and fungal identity on plant–AMF–herbivore interactions. In a broader sense, our results point to the necessity of finding AMF species that have reduced context‐dependency to climatic factors, for more widespread use in organic agriculture.
Recent Advances in Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Li Chen , Wang Fan , Noori Abolhassan , Mousavi Mir F. , Xia Xinhui , Zhang Yongqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have gained tremendous attention for large‐scale energy storage applications due to the natural abundance, low cost, and even geographic distribution of sodium resources as well as a similar working mechanism to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). One of the critical bottlenecks, however, is the design of high‐performance and low‐cost anode materials. Graphite anode that has dominated the market share of LIBs does not properly intercalate sodium ions. However, other carbonaceous materials are still considered as one of the most promising anode materials for SIBs in virtue of their high electronic conductivity, abundant active sites, hierarchical porosity, and excellent mechanical stability. In this review, we have tried to summarize the latest progresses made on the development of carbon‐based negative electrodes (including hard carbons, soft carbons, and synthetic carbon allotropes) for SIBs. We also have provided a comprehensive understanding of their physical properties, the sodium ions storage mechanisms, and the improvement measures to cope with the current challenges. In addition, we have proposed future research directions for SIBs that will provide important insights into further development of carbon‐based materials for SIBs.
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy as a treatment for Rathke's cleft cyst in a dog
Authors: van Blokland‐Post Krista , Grinwis Guy , Tellegen Anna , Meij Björn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of the study was to describe the clinical, imaging, surgical and histological findings in a dog with Rathke's cleft cyst of the pituitary gland. A 6‐year‐old, female, neutered Staffordshire bull terrier was presented with an acute onset of abnormal behaviour. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull showed a pituitary mass of 12.9 mm (height) × 8.8 mm (width) × 10.2 mm (length) with a pituitary height/brain area value of 0.73 (reference <0.31). Magnetic resonance imaging findings were suggestive of pituitary apoplexy or neoplasia. Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed and a cystic mass was removed. Histopathology revealed a Rathke's cleft cyst lined by a layer of pseudo‐stratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells and mucin‐secreting goblet cells with remnant pituitary tissue with positive immunostaining against adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha melanocyte and growth hormone in the periphery. Rathke's cleft cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of pituitary masses in the dog, and transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is an effective treatment.
Community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in healthy populations: A systematic review
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Tabrizi Jafar S. , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Hosseini Mohammad‐Salar , Tahmasebi Sanaz , Nikniaz Leila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess community‐based interventions to decrease sugar intake among healthy people. According to PRISMA guidelines, in this systematic review, databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched up to August 2021. Randomized clinical trials or quasi‐experimental studies reporting the effect of community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in general population were included. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Our search strategy resulted in a total of 1384 articles out of which 59 articles were included in the study. Of 59 included studies, 48 studies reported significant decrease in sugar intake or intention to sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake or purchasing SSBs. Of the 48 effective studies, 45 (93.7%) had a low risk of bias. Based on the results of low risk of bias studies, interventions performed in schools, household, and community were effective in reducing sugar intake. Almost all types of interventions (educational, multiple and changing in law) had the same effectiveness on reducing sugar intake. In addition, interventions which had a duration of 24–48 weeks were less successful than the others. Interventions with the repetition span of more than 1 month were less successful than the others. The application of multiple interventions appears to be the most effective approach to reducing sugar intake in healthy populations. However, long‐term and well‐designed future studies in different settings are recommended to confirm these results.
The True Nature of SmSb2O4Cl: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Sm2[Sb4O8]Cl2 and Eu2[Sb4O8]Cl2
Authors: Locke Ralf J. C. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe two lanthanoid oxidoantimonate(III) chlorides SmSb2O4Cl and EuSb2O4Cl are accessible from solid‐state reactions of Sb2O3 with Ln2O3 and LnCl3 (Ln=Sm and Eu) at 750 °C for two days. They crystallize in the centrosymmetric tetragonal space group P4/ncc with the lattice parameters a=787.13(4) pm, c=1765.24(12) pm for SmSb2O4Cl and a=783.56(4) pm, c=1764.05(12) pm for EuSb2O4Cl with Z=8. Both can also be described with the crystal‐chemical formula Ln2[Sb4O8]Cl2 for Z=4, since they comprise isolated [Sb4O8]4− rings. This structural motif has some very close similarities to the known series of non‐centrosymmetric LnSb2O4Cl representatives (Ln=Gd–Lu), crystallizing in the tetragonal space group P4212. All lanthanoid(III) cations have eight oxygen atoms as nearest neighbors arranged as square prisms [LnO8]13−, which are connected to layers by four parallel edges according to
with fluorite‐like topology. The Sb3+ cations together with three oxygen atoms each and their lone‐pair of electrons form ψ1‐tetrahedra [SbO3]3−. Four of these [SbO3]3− entities join to
rings with four bridging and four terminal oxygen atoms. Both centrosymmetric representatives, in contrast to the series of non‐centrosymmetric ones, have a doubled lattice parameter c and several more symmetry elements, which will be discussed in detail.
Vision Zero in EU Policy: An NGO Perspective
Authors: Townsend Ellen , Avenoso Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter documents the roots of Vision Zero in EU road safety policymaking and is written from the perspective of the European Transport Safety Council, an NGO that has been deeply engaged in the topic for more than 25 years, from the very beginning of EU road safety policy in the mid-1980s to its first adoption in 2011 and on to the present day. The chapter shows that the Vision Zero approach is now integrated into the new EU road safety strategy. The presence of elements of Vision Zero during the different timeframes is presented. These include ethics, shared responsibility, the philosophy of building a system which allows for error and, finally, creating a mechanism for change. The current EU road safety strategy, which adopts these elements, is reviewed in more detail. More recent implementation is illustrated by references to Vision Zero within two recent, important pieces of road safety legislation, on infrastructure and vehicle safety.This chapter is written by ETSC and based on the organization’s interest and key role in the discussions. It refers to EU official documents going back to 1984, ETSC’s own reports and the institutional experience of ETSC and of the two authors. Despite every effort being made to be as objective as possible, the chapter is written from the perspectives of two active participants in the discussions and is therefore not a truly independent account. However, it is hoped that the material presented is useful nonetheless.