bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Future Perspective Towards Solid Tumor Treatment
Authors: Pramanik Dipankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are basically a targeted drug delivery system where tumour antigen-specific antibodies are used for targeting particular tumor cells and cytotoxic materials are conjugated with it by a linker molecule. Till now, twelve ADCs have been approved by FDA for clinical use. Majority of the approved ADCs are against hematological cancer. Here in this review we will discuss the combinations of targeted ligands (antigen) specific antibodies, different types of cytotoxic drugs (payload/warheads) and linker moieties which are being used towards the development of successful FDA approved ADCs. We will discuss new ADC formulations which completed clinical trials or undergo advance phases of clinical trials against different types of solid tumours. New ADC formulation or recently developed its prototypes against solid tumour models in preclinical studies will be discussed precisely in this review article.
Synergistic Effect of Piperine and its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chopra Bhawna , Saini Neha , Dhingra Ashwani K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:Piperine is a fascinating substance since it can be used as a biomarker in combination with other bioactive compounds or their analogues, as well as therapeutic molecules used for the healing of a variety of diseases. It displays a plentiful therapeutic potential and various health benefits when administered alone or in combination with several other drugs and/or phytochemicals. It has also been used to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of many nutraceutical compounds like curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, beta-carotene, barbiturates, propranolol, metformin, theophylline etc. The present review discloses the synergistic effect of piperine and its derivatives, clinical studies, and patent studies of piperine.
Recent Advancements in Rare-earth Activated Phosphors in the Perspective
of Phototherapy and Plant Lamp Applications: A Review
Authors: Mehare Manohar D. , Dhale S.A. , Mehare Chaitali M. , Dhoble N.S. , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Recently, rare-earth activated phosphors have gained new and exciting applications in
various fields, like display and illumination, phototherapy, plant growth, etc. The phosphorconverted
white light emitting diode is prime in the art of solid-state lighting owing to its numerous
merits, including desired spectral distribution, excellent chemical and thermal stability, high
operational lifetime, reliability, and color quality of w-LEDs for lighting. The enhancement of
the color gamut of backlight w-LEDs still needs to be addressed, which requires the design of
high-efficient downshifting converter phosphors featuring thermally stable luminescence. The
class of materials under suitable activation exhibit applications in a particular field. The emission
in the UV region (312-315nm) is widely used for phototherapy lamps. Phototherapy has proven
to be an excellent therapeutic option for the treatment of various types of skin diseases. Moreover,
the emission corresponds to 600-750nm for plant cultivation. The present review article describes
various rare-earth activated phosphors and their impact on human and plant physiology.
Physical conditions of soccer players participating in training during the new normal era
Authors: Limayyasya Ghoirumamnun , Atiq Ahmad , Triansyah Andika , Haetami Mimi , Hidasari Fitri Puspa , Marito Cristine 
Published: November 2022

Physical condition is one of the most important things for soccer players. The physical condition should be maintained by soccer players as it is part of the strategy to improve techniques, tactics, or strategies in playing soccer. This study aims to investigate the physical condition of students joining the soccer extracurricular program at 7 State Senior High Schools Pontianak, 8 State Senior High Schools Pontianak, and 9 tate Senior High Schools Pontianak. In collecting the data, the researchers focused on phenomena, conditions, or certain variables, but hypothesis testing was not done in this research. The number of samples in this research is 60. This research made use of the quantitative descriptive analysis method, and a survey as done to collect the data. In order to show the cumulative results of the data analysis, percentages were used to present the soccer player conditions in terms of flexibility, agility, speed, endurance, and strength. The results of this research show that 42% of the soccer players belong to the Excellent and Very Good categories. Meanwhile, 58% of the players belong to the Good, Fair, and Poor categories. Based on the result, it is indicated that the players' physical conditions need to be improved during this pandemic. It is expected that the results of this research may become a positive input for soccer players and supporters in Pontianak
Detection of Edwardsiella tarda From African Catfish (Clarias garipienus) by Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP) Method in jambi
Authors: Amanu Surya , Fikar Miftahul , Barmara Rudi 
Published: November 2022

For the past few years, Edwardsiella tarda has become major problem in African catfish culture in Jambi. Detection by biochemical characteristic can lead to inaccurate result and there is a necessity to develop more specific and accurate method, one of which is Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP) method. Six samples each were collected from two African catfish farm located in District Sungai Gelam and Telanai Pura in Jambi, which was showed clinical signs of E. tarda outbreak with more than fifty percent mortality rate. Heat stable soluble antigen was prepared from 2 groups of pure culture isolated from sample for AGP test. Antiserum for test wells was antiserum of E. tarda (ATCC 15947) that have been produced by inoculating whole-cell antigen (heat-stable) and flagellar antigen (formalin-killed) in rabbit. For control positive, soluble antigen prepared from E. tarda (ATCC 15947), and control negative from Aeromonas hydophila (ATCC 35654) and Edwardsiella ictaluri (NCIMB 13272). Both antiserums were able to show positive reaction visible by the formation of specific precipitin lines between antiserum and antigen wells, and there was no precipitin reaction for negative control. In conclusion AGP method is a one of reliable technique to identify E. tarda.
Efek Diet Tinggi Kolesterol Terhadap Peningkatan Kolesterol Darah, Gambaran Histopatologi Hati, dan Bobot Badan Kelinci New Zealand White Jantan
Authors: Chahyanto Bibi Ahmad , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Marliyati Sri Anna , Winarsih Wiwin 
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the high cholesterol diet effect of egg yolk powder toward the increase of blood cholesterol and body weight in male New Zealand White rabbit and learned their liver histophatology figure. The experimental studies with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used 13 male New Zealand White rabbit aged 6 – 7 months and weight 2,9 – 4,0 kg. Rabbit were divided into 3 groups: group 0 (n=4) given the standard feed, group 1 (n=4) given high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder, and group 2 (n=5) given high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder and red palm oil mix. The intervention was implemented for 8 weeks after 4 weeks adaptation period. The results showed that intervention of high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder significantly increased levels of serum cholesterol and fatty liver, but did not significantly affect body weight of male New Zealand White rabbit.
Prevalensi dan Serovar Penyebab Leptospirosis pada Domba di Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Mulyani Guntari Titik , Sulistyadi Eko , Kirwanto Antoni , Haryadi Haryadi , Widuri Ambar , Atmojo Tri , Pramundari Anis 
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by Leptospira interrogans. A source of transmission in human leptospirosis are rodents, livestock, pets and wild animals. The prevalence of leptospirosis in cattle soon after theoutbreak of leptospirosis in humans that occurs in Kulon Progo district in 2011, reached 3.4% by the various serovar Leptospira. Breeding conditions of the people who still puts cattle and sheep in a single environment which enables transmission of leptospirosis in cattle. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis and identify serovar caused of leptospirosis in sheep in Kulon Progo. A total of 60 sheep were done blood collection from the jugular vein 5 ml, serum was separated for leptospirosis examination with Microscopic Aglutination Test (MAT) which conducted at the Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor. Microscopic Aglutination Test carried out on various Leptospira serovar, namely: chterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Celledoni, Ballum, Pyogenes, Cynopeteri, Rachmati, Auatralis, Pomona, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Bataviae, Hardjo, and Tarrasovi. Leptospirosis prevalence rate was calculated by dividing the result by the number of MAT positive samples examined. Serovar types that give a positive agglutination result was serovar that caused leptospirosis in sheep. The results showed that two samples were positive against antigen serovarIchterohaemorrhagiae. Based on these results can be concluded that the prevalence of leptospirosis in sheep in Kulon Progo district were 3.3%. The cause of leptospirosis in sheep in Kulon Progo was Leptospira interrogansIchterohaemorrhagiae serovar.
Daya Hidup Spermatozoa Epididimis Kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang Dipreservasi dengan Pengencer Tris dan Bberbagai Konsentrasi Maltosa
Authors: Rizal Muhammad , Sulistiowati Dwi , Sulaiman Abrani , Herdis Herdis , Sangadji Insun 
Published: November 2022

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa could be used as an alternative source of gamete in the application of various reproductive technologies, since the spermatozoa is motile and has ability for fertilizing the oocyte. Theobjective of this research was to examine the effectivity of maltose in maintaining viability of ettawa crossbreed goat epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3–5oC. Five testis with epididymides of ettawa crossbreed goat were obtained from slaughterhouse. Epididymal spermatozoa was collected by the combination of slicing, flushing and tissues pressure of cauda epididymides with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Collected-spermatozoa wasdivided in equal volume into three tubes and diluted with Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk (control), Tris extender + 0.3 g maltose/100 ml (M0.3), and Tris extender + 0.6 g maltose/100 ml (M0.6), respectively. Dilutedspermatozoa was stored in refrigerator at 3–5oC. Quality of diluted-spermatozoa including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS) and live spermatozoa (LS) were evaluated every day during storage at 3–5oC for four days. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design with three treatments and five replicates. Means were compared significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results of this study showed that mean spermatozoaconcentration, percentage of MS, percentage of LS, and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa of ettawa crossbreed goat fresh epididymal spermatozoa were 3,220 million cell/ml, 70%, 81%, and 4.3%, respectively. At day-5 of storage, percentages of MS and LS for M0.3 (38 and 60.4%) and M0.6 (38 and 57.2%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control (32 and 55.4%). In conclusion, addition of 0.3 and 0.6% maltose in Tris extender could be maintained viability of ettawa crossbreed goat epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3–5oC forthree days.
Deteksi Spesies Brucella pada Kambing di Rumah Potong Hewan Jakarta
Authors: Mujiatun Mujiatun , Soejoedono Retno Damajanti , Sudarnika Etih , Noor Susan Maphilindawati 
Published: November 2022

Brucellosis is a zoonosis and occupational diseases transmision. The diseases caused by bacterial and attack multiple species of animals. Common species that infects goats as the most pathogenic species (zoonotic) is Brucella melitensis; however, the species B. abortus could also infect goats. The study purposed to find out the brucellosis seropositive in goat in Jakarta slaughterhouse and to detect caused agent of brucellosis. Sampling was done through slaughtered goats that come from brucellosis endemic area. The samples were collected fromslaughtered mature female goats i.e serum, goat milk, vaginal swab, mamary gland, limphoglandula supramamary, limph, and uterus. The detection method was used i.e patological lession, serological, culture and PolymeraseChain Reaction (PCR) technique. The serological detection of brucellosis in goats was done parallelly between Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results of this study demonstrated that out of the 119 serum samples serologically tested, negative for RBT, one was positive for CFT and none were positive with ELISA. Patological observation in the Brucella predilection organs, there were 5 goat carcases showed pathological lession (vagina discharge, hemoragy at limphand limphoglandula, crumbly limph and there were pus in uterus). The serum samples that had reacted positively and the organs with pathological lesion were confirmed further with PCR, bacterial isolation and identification.The PCR test results and the culture of milk samples, vaginal swabs and organs did not reveal any Brucella spp bacteria (B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis dan B. suis) and also vaccine strains of RB51. Based on these results, it was concluded that brucellosis in goats on Java Island was a 0.84% seropositive (confidence interval 95%; 0.00826 - 0.00854) (1/119), although the species of Brucella that had infected them remains unknown.
Sonogram Pemeriksaan Kebuntingan Dini pada Kambing Kacang (Capra hircus)
Authors: Santoso Santoso , Amrozi Amrozi , Purwantara Bambang , Herdis Herdis 
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to determine the earliest day of pregnancy diagnosis in kacang goat using transrectal ultrasonography. The goat were synchronized by using prostaglandin in the luteal phase. Pregnancy was determined by isoechogenic visualization surrounded by hypoechogenic. Early pregnancy was detected on days 20 of embryonic vesicle diameter 1.2±0.1 cm. Fetus was detected on days 22 with a long gestation fetus 0.4±0.1 cm. Average increase until days 30 pregnancy was 0.19 ± 0.1 cm per day. Development of fetus was followed by an increasing the diameter and thickness of uterus. The diameter of uterus increased from days 14 (0.8 ± 0.3 cm) until days 30 (3.6 ± 0.2 cm), and thickness of uterus increased from days 14 (0.4 ± 0, 2 cm) until days 30 (1.8 ± 0.2 cm). It could be concluded that the earliest pregnancy diagnosis showed positive sign on days 20 and fetus was earliest observed on days 22.
Histopatologis Dugaan Edwardsiella tarda sebagai Penyebab Kematian Ikan Maskoki (Crassius auratus) : Postulat Koch
Authors: Ratnawati Atik , Purwaningsih Uni , . Kurniasih 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to know the influence experimental infection of Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from sick koi fish (Cryprinus caprio) to the histologic features of liver, kidney, gill, brain, intestine and muscle in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on Koch Postulate. Three goldfishes (KK) were used in this reseach. KK was infected by Edwardsiella tarda as much as 0.1ml i.m.. KK1 died on the 4th day and KK2 and KK3 died on the 25th day. All the fishes were then necropsied. The livers, kidneys, gills, brains, intestines and muscles were taken for making the histopathologic preparation. Bacteriologic observation of KK1 was conducted by cultivating the bacteria into Brillliant Green Agar (BGA), Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI Agar), Urea Agar, Motility Agar, Peptone Broth, sugars and oksidation test. Result of histopathologic observation showed that there was necrosis, congestion and macrofag limpocytes and neutrophisl infiltrations in the livers,colloid mass and melanomacrofages in the kidney, congestion and proliferation of secondary lamellae, limfosit and macrofag infiltration of the brain, a melanomacrofag of the muscle and the intestine showed there was limphocytes, and macrofages infiltration in the brain, and melanomacrofages in the muscles as well. It was suspected that those bacteria was Edwardsiella tarda.
Responses of Bones, Kidneys and Parathyroid Glands in Wistar Rats Fed Containing Variation of Phosphor Levels
Authors: . Hartiningsih , Nitisuwirjo Sutjipto , Wuryastuty Hastari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract The objective of the research was to study the responses of bones, kidneys and parathyroid glands of calcium homeostasis in the Wistar rats fed containing variation of phosphor levels. Twenty female Wistar rats at 40 days of age were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five each. The group A was fed diet containing Ca:P ratio = 1.5:1 (diet I/control). The ratio of calcium and phosphorus was 1.5:3 (diet II), 1.5:6 (diet III) and 1.5:9 (diet IV) and were given to the rats in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Each of the rats was placed into individual cages. All of rats were fed diet for 12 weeks and water was provided ad libitum. At the end of the study, blood was collected from the heart for calcium and phosphor analysis, while parathyroid glands, kidneys and left femurs were collected and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. In the present study, the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:6 caused decrease of blood calcium, whereas the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:9 caused decrease of blood calcium and increase of blood phosphorus. Histopathological examination of the parathyroid glands of the rats in group A showed normal structure. The parathyroid glands of the rats in groups B, C and D showed vacuoles in principle cells of the parathyroid glands. The increase of the vacuoles in the principle cells of the parathyroid glands was higher than that of rats in groups B, C and D, respectively. Histopathological examination of kidneys of rats in group A showed normal structure, whereas kidneys of rats in groups B and C and D showed metastatic calcification of renale tubules. The kidneys of rats in groups C and D showed metastatic calcification of the inner and outer layers of tubule lumen, atrophy and necrosis in the epithelial cells of renal tubules, fibroblasts proliferation in interstitial cells, and infiltration of mesangial cells. The kidneys of rats in group D showed proliferation in the epithelial cells of the glomeruli as well. Histopathological examination of metaphysis of proximal femurs of rats in group A showed normal structure, whereas metaphysis of proximal femurs of the rats in groups B, C and D had osteoclasts infiltration, and fibroblasts were predominantly seen in the bone cortex. The increase of osteoclasts in the bone cortex in rats in groups B, C and D was higher than that of rats in group A. The fibroblasts proliferation in the bone cortex was higher in rats in groups C and D. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:3 caused decrease of blood calcium and . The diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:6 caused decrease of blood calcium, hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, , acute nephrosis, and fibrous osteodystrophy. The diet containing Ca:P = 1.5:9 caused decrease of lood calcium and increased of blood phosphorus, hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, chronic glomerulonephritis and fibrous osteodystrophy.
A Life Table of Spodoptera litura Fabr. with Different Artificial Diets
Authors: Lestari Sri , Ambarningrum Trisnowati Budi , Pratiknyo Hery 
Published: November 2022

Abstract Sustainable insect supply is a routine activity in research of pest control, experimental insecticide bioassay, entomophatogen, parasitoid, and nature of competitor. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabr.) is one of the alternative test insect. A mass rearing method is required to provide high demands of S. litura. A life table of insect is regularly used to study several biological parameters including the net reproduction rate of population (Ro), the mean length of life period in one generation (T), reproduction potential value of one generation from a population (rm), and the potential of a population to multiply in one generation (ë). The aim of this study were to asses the development time and reproduction potential of S. litura which different of artificial diets. Results showed that S. litura on artificial diet in recipe of Singh and Moore is T = 29,90, R = 2692,33, r = 0,26, ë = 1,29, o m whereas artificial diet in recipe of Waldbauer et al. is 32,29, R = 891,99, r = 0,21, ë = 1,23. o m
The Effect of Thawing Temperature on Sperm Quality of Friesian Holstein Bulls
Authors: Utami Tri , Topianong Tarsisius Considus 
Published: November 2022

The percentage of sperm motility and morphology are important criteria in evaluating the quality of sperm before it is used for artificial insemination (AI). This study was conducted to observe post thawing motility and abnormal morphology of spermatozoa Friesian Holstein (FH). The materials were used 10 straws of FH bulls in the form of 0.25 ml. A total of 10 straws then divided into two treatment groups of thawing in water at 37°C and water 8°C, respectively. An examination of the motility and morphology of spermatozoa abnormalities performed every two hours for two times. Calculating the percentage of sperm motility was done by calculating the percentage of spermatozoa moving forward in the field of view under a microscope with a magnification of 10x. the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was assessed by William's stain. Spermatozoa morphology was observed by using a microscope magnification of 100x. Abnormalities of spermatozoa were calculated from a total of 200 spermatozoa, either normal or abnormal. At the same thawing time, the motility of FH cattle sperms post thawing in water temperature 37°C had a higher preference than that of post thawing in water temperature 8°C, although it was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Based on morphological aspects, frozen semen used in this study is within the tolerance limit for the total percentage of abnormal sperm morphology between 12% to 23% and normal morphology between 70% to 88%.
The Effect of Various Thawing Temperatures of Frozen Semen on the Success of Artificial Insemination of Beef Cattle
Authors: Wulandari Ida Arlita , Prihatno Surya Agus 
Published: November 2022

The study about the effect of various thawing temperatures frozen semen on the success of artificial insemination of beef cattle had been conducted in Residency of Sleman Territory of Yogyakarta. The study used 59 heifers and cows that were oestrus (without oestrus stimulation) with body condition score (BCS) of 3 and 1,5-8 years age. They were inseminated using frozen semen of Simmental thawed in temperature of 37°C, 35°C (warm water) and 28-30°C (cold water). Effect of thawing temperatures was evaluated by non returnrate (NR). NR of thawing temperatures of 37°C, 35°C and 28-30°C were 63,16%, 55%, and 45%. Thawing temperature of 37°C increased the non returnrate compared to the thawing temperatures of 35°C and 28-30°C. Statistical analysis by Chi-square showed there were no differences between thawing temperatures of 37°C, 35°C and 28-30°C on the success of artificial insemination