bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of human IL‐4 receptor subunits shows compartmentalization in steady state and dupilumab treatment
Authors: Heeb Lukas E. M. , Boyman Onur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsight into the pathomechanism of atopic diseases demonstrated a pivotal role of the cytokines interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13, which has spurred the development of tailored therapeutics targeting their common IL‐4 receptor (IL‐4R). However, several aspects of the IL‐4R system remain ill‐defined in humans.MethodsWe used multicolor spectral flow cytometry to characterize IL‐4R subunit expression in 28 human immune cell subsets on protein and mRNA levels and assessed their subcellular distribution by applying a specifically adapted protocol that avoided influence of fixation and permeabilization on fluorochrome and antibody performance. In patients, we investigated possible changes in IL‐4Rα distribution before and during treatment with dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody‐targeting IL‐4Rα.ResultsWhereas all immune cell subsets investigated expressed IL‐4Rα and common γ chain protein and mRNA, expression of IL‐13Rα1 was restricted to myeloid and B cells. Interestingly, some cells contained considerably more intracellular IL‐4R protein than on their surface. Naive B cells were found to carry the highest levels of IL‐4Rα distributed evenly between surface and intracellular space, whereas IL‐4Rα was found predominantly in intracellular pools in neutrophils. In patients with atopic diseases treated with dupilumab, we observed that engagement of IL‐4Rα by dupilumab resulted in internalization of the antibody and decreased total IL‐4Rα expression. Notably, even after months of treatment not all intracellular IL‐4Rα molecules were occupied by dupilumab, indicating the presence of a “dormant” intracellular IL‐4Rα pool that could be mobilized upon certain extrinsic or intrinsic cues.ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggest that distinct human immune cell subsets contain surface and intracellular IL‐4R pools, which are differently affected by targeted biologic treatment.
Epigenetic priming as a mechanism of predetermination of spermatogonial stem cell fate
Authors: McCarrey John R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the developing mammalian testis, only a small proportion of fetal and neonatal prospermatogonia give rise to the foundational pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Multiple lines of evidence have suggested the determination of which prospermatogonia give rise to foundational SSCs is not random, but is rather predetermined, such that foundational SSCs are ensured to develop advantageous characteristics such as enhanced genetic integrity. Here I suggest that differential epigenetic programing contributes to the molecular mechanisms by which an early subset of developing prospermatogonia becomes predetermined to form the foundational pool of SSCs. This would include epigenetic programing that promotes active expression of genes needed to develop advantageous characteristics, as well as differential epigenetic priming, which bookmarks genes that comprise the SSC‐specific transcriptome to become activated when foundational SSCs appear in the postnatal testis. I suggest that, together, differential epigenetic programing and epigenetic priming contribute to the molecular mechanisms by which an early subset of developing prospermatogonia becomes predetermined to form the foundational pool of SSCs.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices: A comprehensive review
Authors: Del Rio‐Pertuz Gaspar , Nair Nandini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal bleeding is a major cause of morbidity that plagues the quality of life of patients supported on contemporary continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs). Despite benefits in survival and the nearly 50% reduction in complications provided by CF‐LVADs, bleeding remains one of the most frequent adverse events with CF‐LVAD implants. The CF‐LVADs cause an increased risk of bleeding mainly due to the activation of the coagulation cascade.MethodsA literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar from Inception to February 2022. Qualitative analyses of the articles retrieved were used to construct this review. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management of gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of CF‐LVAD as well as propose an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment.ResultsBleeding can occur at different sites in the gastrointestinal tract, the most common underlying pathology being arteriovenous malformations located in the upper gastrointestinal tract The increased prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in CF‐LVAD patients has been attributed to the physiology of the LVAD itself, the use of anticoagulants, as well as patient comorbidities. Management involves pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies.ConclusionsCF‐LVAD‐supported patients have a significant risk of GI bleeding that is mainly caused by arteriovenous malformations located in the upper GI tract. The increased prevalence of GI bleeding in CF‐LVAD patients is attributed to several etiologies that include factors attributed to the device itself and extrinsic factors such as the use of anticoagulation.
Primary diphtheria immunisation of adolescents and adults with low‐dose vaccine, a survey of historic evidence from the literature
Authors: Kahn Fredrik , Lepp Tiia , Storsaeter Jann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Public Health Agency of Sweden carried out a literature review on diphtheria vaccinations for seronegative people above 6 years of age with an uncertain vaccine history. The aim was to harmonise national Swedish recommendations with the current World Health Organization recommendations. There was no firm conclusion about dosage. Some low‐dose vaccines used in the past had suboptimal potency, while others evoked adequate levels of antitoxin after three primary doses. We concluded that low‐dose diphtheria vaccines that have been approved by a national medical products agency can be used for primary vaccination against diphtheria for individuals above 6 years of age.
Immediate skin‐to‐skin contact after birth ensures stable thermoregulation in very preterm infants in high‐resource settings
Authors: Lode‐Kolz Karoline , Hermansson Charlotte , Linnér Agnes , Klemming Stina , Hetland Hanne Brit , Bergman Nils , Lilliesköld Siri , Pike Hanne Markhus , Westrup Björn , Jonas Wibke , Rettedal Siren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of immediate skin‐to‐skin contact with a parent after birth on thermal regulation in very preterm infants.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted in three neonatal intensive care units in Scandinavia from 2018 to 2021. Infants born between 28 + 0 and 32 + 6 weeks and days of gestation were randomised to immediate skin‐to‐skin contact or conventional care in an incubator during the first 6 postnatal hours. We report on a secondary outcome: serial measurements of axillary temperature.ResultsNinety‐one infants were randomised to skin‐to‐skin contact or conventional care. Mean (range) gestational ages were 31 + 2 (28 + 6, 32 + 5) and 31 + 0 (28 + 4, 32 + 6) weeks and days, mean birth weights were 1572 (702, 2352) and 1495 (555, 2440) grams, respectively. Mean (95%CI, p‐value) temperatures were within the normal range in both groups, 0.2°C (−0.29, −0.14, p < 0.001) lower in the skin‐to‐skin contact group. The skin‐to‐skin contact group had a lower relative risk (95%CI, p‐value) of developing events of hyperthermia, RR = 0.70 (0.50, 0.99, p = 0.04).ConclusionsVery preterm infants, irrespective of clinical stability, do not develop hypothermia during immediate skin‐to‐skin contact after birth. Immediate skin‐to‐skin contact did protect against events of hyperthermia. Concerns about thermal regulation should not limit implementation of immediate skin‐to‐skin contact in high‐resource settings.
The temporal effect of emotional distress on psychological and physical functioning in endometriosis: A 12‐month prospective study
Authors: Dowding Charlotte , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Skvarc David , Van Niekerk Leesa , O'Shea Melissa , Olive Lisa , Druitt Marilla , Evans Subhadra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsychological factors of emotional distress and cognition have an important role in the understanding and management of endometriosis; however, their temporal relationship with key pain variables is not fully understood. This exploratory study sought to establish the temporal relationship between psychological and pain‐related factors in a 12‐month prospective study of 208 Australian women with endometriosis. Participants, aged 18–50 years and living in Australia, were recruited via social media and completed baseline (May 2019) and 12‐month follow‐up (June 2020) surveys. Participants who reported a diagnosis of endometriosis and menses in the past 12 months were included in the study. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the temporal effects of psychological and pain‐related factors in endometriosis. In a covariate‐adjusted model, baseline emotional distress was the only variable to predict pain catastrophizing (β = .24, p < .01), functional pain disability (β = .16, p < .05) and concomitant emotional distress (β = .55, p < .001) 12 months later, adjusting for age and chronic illness. Women who exhibit symptoms of distress may be at risk of poorer psychological and physical function at 12 months. Further research is required to understand the impact of psychological management early in the disease course.
Dyadic reciprocal associations between self‐efficacy and planning predict sedentary behaviour
Authors: Szczuka Zofia , Kulis Ewa , Boberska Monika , Banik Anna , Siwa Maria , Zaleskiewicz Hanna , Knoll Nina , Revenson Tracey A. , Luszczynska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere are two alternative hypotheses regarding bidirectional associations between self‐efficacy and planning in predicting health behaviour change: self‐efficacy may establish planning (cultivation hypothesis) or planning may enable the formation of self‐efficacy (enabling hypothesis). This study investigates the order in which these two social cognitions are linked in adult–adult dyads in the context of sedentary behaviours (SB).DesignA longitudinal study with 4 measurement points, spanning 8 months.MethodsA total of 320 dyads (age: 18–90 years) were enrolled. Dyads included a focus person (who received the recommendation to reduce SB and intended to change their SB), and their partners, who were willing to support the focus persons and intended to reduce their own SB as well. Data were collected at Time 1 (T1), Time 2 (1 week later, T2), Time 3 (T3, 2 months after T1) and Time 4 (T4, 8 months after T1). SB was measured with accelerometers at (T1 and T4). Mediation models with individual and dyadic reciprocal effects were tested with path analyses.ResultsOnly one indirect effect was found: A higher level of partners' SB reduction‐specific self‐efficacy at T2 was related to the focus person's more frequent planning to reduce SB at T3, which, in turn, predicted lower SB time among partners at T4.ConclusionsThe findings provide partial support for the cultivation model (self‐efficacy prompting planning) and for dyadic reciprocal associations in the context of SB time reduction among adult dyads.
Commentary: Comment and reflection about Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single‐arm pilot study. The implementation of the Daily Mile in the school context
Authors: Brustio Paolo Riccardo 
Published: November 2022

In ‘Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single‐arm pilot study’, Arkesteyn et al. (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2022) discussed and investigated the effect of a classroom activity break, named The Daily Mile, on pupils' self‐esteem, self‐perception competence, and mental health. Starting from the interesting and novel results of Arkesteyn et al. (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2022), this comment focuses on the concurrent evidence about the effect of The Daily Mile on pupils' physical and mental health. Overall, this comment would reflect and critically review considerations for future research on the topic and to adopt it in the school context.
ST2 and CSF‐1 as potential druggable targets of inflammatory bowel diseases: Results from two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Mi Jiarui , Wu Xia , Bai Xiaoyin , Yang Yang , Yang Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel druggable targets are warranted for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. We aimed to identify novel circulating proteins with causal associations with the risk of IBDs and provide potential therapeutic targets for IBD treatment. We performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the associations of 55 circulating biomarkers on the risk of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) by leveraging the summary statistics from large genomewide association studies and protein quantitative trait loci studies. The individual estimate was pooled together by meta‐analyses to estimate the causal effects of each outcome. In univariable MR, we identified several circulating proteins showed potential correlation with IBD, UC, and CD. Of note, we observed that a genetically proxied increased level of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) was associated with an elevated risk of IBD (odds ratios [ORs] 1.133, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.091–1.176, p < 0.0001), CD (ORs 1.188, 95% CI 1.103–1.281, p < 0.0001), and UC cohorts (ORs 1.087, 95% CI 1.050–1.125, p < 0.0001). Additionally, we observed a consistent positive correlation between the level of CSF‐1 and the increased risk of IBD in individual MR, with statistically significant causal associations in the meta‐analyses with ORs equal to 1.217 (IBD, 95% CI 1.115–1.328, p < 0.0001), 1.223 (CD, 95% CI 1.082–1.382, p = 0.0013), and 1.179 (UC, 95% CI 1.055–1.317, p = 0.0037). This study provided evidence for potential casual associations between circulating ST2 and CSF‐1 levels, and increased risks of IBD, UC, and CD, implicating potential treatment targets for IBD and subtypes.
Bt‐maize in neotropical arthropod food webs: community‐stress or lack thereof?
Authors: Zuim Vitor , Godoi Carolina T. D. , Marques Vinícius M. , Haro Marcelo M. , Gontijo Lessando M. , Guedes Raul Narciso C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the agricultural use of genetically engineered (GE) plants has been employed extensively, its adoption is still controversial and its impact on arthropods has rarely been scrutinized at the community level. If this technology is aimed at a drastic reduction of a key community component, significant community‐level impact is expected and needs to be assessed. Thus, food web analysis was used to assess the short‐term impact of genetically modified maize plants, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), expressing insecticidal proteins of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (i.e., Bt maize), on the associated arthropod assemblage in a neotropical scenario. Arthropods associated with winter and summer cultivations with Bt and non‐Bt (isoline) maize were thus sampled using sweep nets and whole‐plant collections throughout the plant phenological cycle. The collected information was used to build a plant‐consumer‐predator trivariate network based on data of individual arthropod body mass, numerical abundance, and biomass abundance using food web analysis. Eighty‐five arthropod species were sampled, and whereas cultivation season significantly affected arthropod species richness and abundance, only marginal differences existed between maize hybrids (Bt vs. non‐Bt). The recognized food webs also indicated significant differences between seasons. In contrast, Bt‐maize‐hosted food webs were similar to those of the non‐Bt isoline indicating no significant impact on arthropod food webs. Nonetheless, Bt maize did not provide significant control of the target pest species, the fall armyworm, nor did it lead to higher crop yield, raising questions about its current usefulness in the region.
Small intracranial aneurysms of the anterior circulation: A negligible risk?
Authors: Dinger Thiemo Florin , Peschke Jonas , Chihi Mehdi , Gümüs Meltem , Said Maryam , Santos Alejandro Nicolas , Rodemerk Jan , Michel Anna , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Li Yan , Deuschl Cornelius , Wrede Karsten Henning , Dammann Philipp René , Frank Benedikt , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Forsting Michael , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAccording to the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms, small (<7 mm) unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) of the anterior circulation (aC) carry a neglectable 5‐year rupture risk. In contrast, some studies report frequencies of >20% of all ruptured IAs being small IAs of the aC. This contradiction was addressed in this study by analyzing the rates and risk factors for rupture of small IAs within the aC.MethodsOf the institutional observational cohort, 1676 small IAs of the aC were included. Different demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics were collected. A rupture risk score was established using all independent prognostic factors. The score performance was checked using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsOf all registered small IAs of the aC, 20.1% were ruptured. The developed small IAs of the aC (SIAAC) score (range = −4 to +13 points) contained five major risk factors: IA location and size, arterial hypertension, alcohol abuse, and chronic renal failure. In addition, three putative protective factors were also included in the score: hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, and peripheral arterial disease. Increasing rates of ruptured IA with increasing SIAAC scores were observed, from 0% (≤−1 points) through >50% (≥8 points) and up to 100% in patients scoring ≥12 points. The SIAAC score achieved excellent discrimination (area under the curveSIAAC = 0.803) and performed better than the PHASES (Population,Hypertension, Age, Size of the aneurysm, Earlier SAH from another aneurysm, Site of aneurysm) score.ConclusionsSmall IAs of the aC carry a considerable rupture risk. After external validation, the proposed rupture risk score might provide a basis for better decision‐making regarding the treatment of small unruptured IAs of the aC.
Eye‐Tact: An ensemble based multi‐model and multidimensional approach for fall prediction and evaluation in Parkinson's Disease patients
Authors: Radhakrishnan Divya , James Dinesh Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI), as a mainstream science today, has the potential to significantly improve human wellbeing and wellness. An automated caretaking system is being developed in this study to enable constant monitoring of people without requiring much human intervention. To do so, we must take into account a wide range of people's movements and varied perspectives in real‐time contexts. The proposed system, coined “Eye‐Tact”, integrates a vision‐based multimodel architecture with wearable sensors to identify poses and detect falls. For people with Parkinson's disease (PD), this patient‐specific, vision‐based keypoint analysis model has been successfully deployed for person identification and aberrant activity recognition. The proposed Multi Model Ensemble Technique (MMET) employs a variety of sensors to acquire data on physiological and other parameters that are necessary for fall prediction and evaluation. The measures used in the proposed system are precision, recall, F1 score and support. The above mentioned parameters are used to evaluate the performance of different models, including XGBoostClassifier, CatBoostClassifier, and RandomForestClassifier. The results reveal that the RantomForestClassifier outperforms other types of classifiers with 97% of accuracy. The proposed work demonstrates its capacity to develop a system that carefully understands and analyses heterogeneous data cautiously using state‐of‐the‐art technologies.
Positive relationship adaptation of couples transitioning to parenthood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Bécotte Katherine , Brassard Audrey , Brault‐Labbé Anne , Gagné Anne‐Laurence , Péloquin Katherine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the lived experience of well‐satisfied couples (as established by the short form of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale) through the transition to parenthood (TTP) to understand what they perceived has facilitated their relationship adaptation.BackgroundMost couples experience a decline in relationship satisfaction through the TTP. However, there is important variability in the couples' experience, and few researchers have examined positive adaptation.MethodSemistructured individual interviews were conducted with both partners of seven first‐time parental couples (N = 14) and then were transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultThe results showed two interrelated superordinate themes, each including four subordinate themes. Interviewed couples remained satisfied due to the strong foundations of their relationship, namely security, commitment, compassionate love, and intimacy, and due to their effective management of changes together by teaming up, balancing the different spheres of their lives, enjoying and valuing family life together, and communicating.ConclusionOur findings support the relevance of studying positive couple processes for prevention efforts to ease the transition to parenthood.ImplicationsProfessionals working with expectant and new parents could target relational processes related to strong foundations as well as the partners' joint management of change to strengthen couple relationships and promote the positive adaptation to parenthood of partners.
Suitability of compensatory saltmarsh habitat for feeding and diet of multiple estuarine fish species
Authors: Stamp Thomas , West Elizabeth , Colclough Steve , Plenty Shaun , Ciotti Benjamin , Robbins Tim , Sheehan Emma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSaltmarsh provides essential fish feeding and nursery habitat but has globally declined by 50%. We used a statistical block design to compare fish feeding activity within human‐engineered or “re‐aligned” saltmarsh to established saltmarsh. Linear and multivariate modelling highlighted that Thinlip Mullet (Chelon ramada) and European Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) feeding rates were 16% and 31% lower within re‐aligned than established saltmarshes, whereas Gobies (Pomatoschistus spp.) fed at the same rate as in both habitats. Analysis of European bass and Goby gut contents highlighted that important detritivorous prey species were up to 85.6% lower in re‐aligned sites. Lower vegetation density may have negatively affected the feeding ecologies of fishes within re‐aligned sites. However, due to the ecological value and potential for further improvement or habitat development, continued assessment of the beneficial effects of re‐aligned sites for fisheries and net gain perspectives is needed.