bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Role for Visual Memory in Vocabulary Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pickering Hayley E. , Peters Jessica L. , Crewther Sheila G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough attention and early associative learning in preverbal children is predominantly driven by rapid eye-movements in response to moving visual stimuli and sounds/words (e.g., associating the word “bottle” with the object), the literature examining the role of visual attention and memory in ongoing vocabulary development across childhood is limited. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between visual memory and vocabulary development, including moderators such as age and task selection, in neurotypical children aged 2-to-12 years, from the brain-based perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Visual memory tasks were classified according to the visual characteristics of the stimuli and the neural networks known to preferentially process such information, including consideration of the distinction between the ventral visual stream (processing more static visuo-perceptual details, such as form or colour) and the more dynamic dorsal visual stream (processing spatial temporal action-driven information). Final classifications included spatio-temporal span tasks, visuo-perceptual or spatial concurrent array tasks, and executive judgment tasks. Visuo-perceptual concurrent array tasks, reliant on ventral stream processing, were moderately associated with vocabulary, while tasks measuring spatio-temporal spans, associated with dorsal stream processing, and executive judgment tasks (central executive), showed only weak correlations with vocabulary. These findings have important implications for health professionals and researchers interested in language, as they advocate for the development of more targeted language learning interventions that include specific and relevant aspects of visual processing and memory, such as ventral stream visuo-perceptual details (i.e., shape or colour).
Disagreement and inconsistency: a problem for orthodox expressivism
Authors: Eriksson John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat makes two sentences inconsistent? Expressivists understand the meaning of a sentence in terms of the mental state it expresses. In order to explain the inconsistency between two sentences, the expressivist must appeal to some inconsistency feature of the mental states expressed. A simple explanation is that two sentences, e.g., “murder is wrong” and “murder is not wrong” are inconsistent by virtue of expressing mental states that disagree. Schroeder (2008) argues that the expressivist lacks a plausible explanation of the disagreement. Baker & Woods (2015) argue that Schroeder is wrong. With these authors, I agree that expressivists have an explanation of disagreement, but this does not adequately explain why two sentences are inconsistent. The reason is that two intuitively inconsistent sentences do not necessarily express mental states that disagree. Moreover, assuming that the expressivist gives a structurally identical explanation for moral and non-moral language, the problem generalizes to non-moral language. It is also argued that the problem extends to thought. How expressivists can and should conceive of inconsistency thus remains a challenge.
Prevention of Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy: a Case Series and Appraisal of Society Guidelines
Authors: Etienne Samuel , Vosbeck Jürg , Bernsmeier Christine , Osthoff Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatitis B (HBV) reactivation (HBVr) is a potentially fatal complication in patients with past HBV exposure receiving immunosuppressive therapy. HBVr can occur in patients with chronic HBV infection as well as in patients with resolved HBV infection. In this article, we present the cases of four patients with resolved hepatitis B who presented with HBVr during or after immunosuppressive treatment, of whom two died as a consequence of HBVr. We then reflect on and summarize the recommendations of four major societies for the screening and management of previously HBV-exposed patients planned to receive immunosuppressive treatment. Current guidelines recommend screening for HBV in all patients planned to receive immunosuppressive therapy. Risk of HBVr is assessed based on the serological status of the patient and the planned immunosuppressive drug regimen. For patients considered to be at low risk of HBVr, management consists of serological monitoring for HBVr and immediate preemptive antiviral therapy in the case of HBVr. For patients considered to be at intermediate or high risk for HBVr, antiviral prophylaxis should be initiated concordantly with the immunosuppressive therapy and continued for up to 18 months after cessation of the immunosuppressive regimen. Areas of uncertainty include the risk of novel and emerging immunosuppressive and immune modulatory drugs and the exact duration of antiviral prophylaxis. Greater awareness is needed among clinicians regarding the risk of HBVr in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, especially in low-endemicity settings. Implementation of screening and management programs and decision support tools based on the presented guidelines may improve the management of these patients.
Endoscopic Kehr’s T-Tube Placement to Treat Persistent Large Gastro-cutaneous Fistula After One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: Video Demonstration
Authors: Liagre Arnaud , Queralto Michel , Combis Jean Marc , Peireira Paulo , Buchwald Jane N. , Martini Francesco , Petrucciani Niccolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
We aim to show the endoscopic placement of a T-tube to treat a persistent large gastro-cutaneous fistula after OAGB.

Methods
We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with BMI of 48 kg/m2, who underwent OAGB and was re-operated on the 2nd postoperative day (POD) for leakage. Washing and drainage of the abdominal cavity was performed, and no fistulous orifice was identified. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was performed at POD 20 for the persistence of leakage of 150 ml/day by the drain and a gastric fistulous orifice of 2 cm was detected.

Results
At POD 22, under general anesthesia, upper GI endoscopy was performed and a T-tube was placed in the fistulous orifice with a “rendez-vous” technique (as demonstrated in the Video), placing the T branch in the digestive lumen pressed against the wall and the long part of the T exiting at the cutaneous orifice. The T-tube was clamped after 3 days and the patient could be gradually re-fed. The patient was discharged 8 days after the procedure, with perfect clinical tolerance and no complications. The ablation of the tube one was performed on POD 84. No relapse occurred during a follow-up of 48 months.

Conclusion
Persistent large gastro-cutaneous fistulas with an orifice bigger than 1 cm in diameter are difficult to manage. The endoscopic placement of a T-tube seems a useful option, which may facilitate the healing of the fistula. Further studies are needed to better define the role of this procedure.
Spatial variations and trend analysis of groundwater salinity along coastal aquifers of Mundra-Kachchh over a decade—using thematic maps and GIS mapping
Authors: Shah Yash , Bhimani Sazina , Thacker Hemashri , Borah Akshay Jyoti , Jadeja Yogendrasinh , Thakkar Mahesh , Chauhan Gaurav , Kothyari Girish Ch , Taloor Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater is one of the most basic entities, especially in semiarid regions where low precipitation and limited surface water resources bring more emphasis on the use of groundwater leading to endangering and overexploitation. Therefore, quantity with monitoring of groundwater quality at regular intervals becomes of utmost importance for understanding its suitability for drinking and irrigation. This study aims in understanding spatial variations and their trend in terms of quality over a decade (2010–2020) using different hydrochemical parameters in the vicinity of the coastal tracts of the Mundra block. Samples were analyzed for TDS, pH, EC, TH, major cations, and anions. Drinking suitability was identified by correlating parameters with WHO, BIS standards and by preparing WQI maps. Irrigational suitability was found by SAR, RSC, KI, Na %, MH, and PI. Reduced water level (RWL) values represented a further increase in the reversal flow of groundwater in a decade leading to an increment in salinity and seawater intrusion. The study area in most of the analysis is possessing much higher values above safer limits when compared to 2010 and 2020, making the water very much unacceptable for drinking and irrigation. The major cause in the area is overexploitation and unconditional deeper drilling, resulting in an increase in coastal salinity and seawater intrusion. The use of such water tends to harm agriculture, soil condition as well as human health.
Minds in the Metaverse: Extended Cognition Meets Mixed Reality
Authors: Smart Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExamples of extended cognition typically involve the use of technologically low-grade bio-external resources (e.g., the use of pen and paper to solve long multiplication problems). The present paper describes a putative case of extended cognizing based around a technologically advanced mixed reality device, namely, the Microsoft HoloLens. The case is evaluated from the standpoint of a mechanistic perspective. In particular, it is suggested that a combination of organismic (e.g., the human individual) and extra-organismic (e.g., the HoloLens) resources form part of a common mechanism that realizes a bona fide cognitive routine. In addition to demonstrating how the theoretical resources of neo-mechanical philosophy might be used to evaluate extended cognitive systems, the present paper illustrates one of the ways in which mixed reality devices, virtual objects (i.e., holograms), and online (Internet-accessible) computational routines might be incorporated into human cognitive processes. This, it is suggested, speaks to the recent interest in mixed/virtual reality technologies across a number of disciplines. It also introduces us to issues that cross-cut disparate fields of philosophical research, such as the philosophy of science and the philosophy of technology.
Managing the Costs of Routine Follow-up Care After Living Kidney Donation: a Review and Survey of Contemporary Experience, Practices, and Challenges
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Sarabu Nagaraju , McNatt Gwen , Howey Robert , Hays Rebecca , Thomas Christie P. , Lebron-Banks Ursula , Ohler Linda , Wooley Cody , Wisniewski Addie , Xiao Huiling , Tietjen Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
While living organ donor follow-up is mandated for 2 years in the USA, formal guidance on recovering associated costs of follow-up care is lacking. In this review, we discuss current billing practices of transplant programs for living kidney donor follow-up, and propose future directions for managing follow-up costs and supporting cost neutrality in donor care.

Recent Findings
Living donors may incur costs and financial risks in the donation process, including travel, lost time from work, and dependent care. In addition, adherence to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) mandate for US transplant programs to submit 6-, 12-, and 24-month postdonation follow-up data to the national registry may incur out-of-pocket medical costs for donors. Notably, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has explicitly disallowed transplant programs to bill routine, mandated follow-up costs to the organ acquisition cost center or to the recipient’s Medicare insurance. We conducted a survey of transplant staff in the USA (distributed October 22, 2020–March 15, 2021), which identified that the mechanisms for recovering or covering the costs of mandated routine postdonation follow-up at responding programs commonly include billing recipients’ private insurance (40%), while 41% bill recipients’ Medicare insurance. Many programs reported utilizing institutional allowancing (up to 50%), and some programs billed the organ acquisition cost center (25%). A small percentage (11%) reported billing donors or donors’ insurance.

Summary
To maintain a high level of adherence to living donor follow-up without financially burdening donors, up-to-date resources are needed on handling routine donor follow-up costs in ways that are policy-compliant and effective for donors and programs. Development of a government-supported national living donor follow-up registry like the Living Donor Collective may provide solutions for aspects of postdonation follow-up, but requires transplant program commitment to register donors and donor candidates as well as donor engagement with follow-up outreach contacts after donation.
A study of sparse representation-based classification for biometric verification based on both handcrafted and deep learning features
Authors: Huang Zengxi , Wang Jie , Wang Xiaoming , Song Xiaoning , Chen Mingjin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiometric verification is generally considered a one-to-one matching task. In contrast, in this paper, we argue that the one-to-many competitive matching via sparse representation-based classification (SRC) can bring enhanced verification security and accuracy. SRC-based verification introduces non-target subjects to construct dynamic dictionary together with the client claimed and encodes the submitted feature. Owing to the sparsity constraint, a client can only be accepted when it defeats almost all non-target classes and wins a convincing sparsity-based matching score. This will make the verification more secure than those using one-to-one matching. However, intense competition may also lead to extremely inferior genuine scores when data degeneration occurs. Motivated by the latent benefits and concerns, we study SRC-based verification using two sparsity-based matching measures, three biometric modalities (i.e., face, palmprint, and ear) and their multimodal combinations based on both handcrafted and deep learning features. We finally approach a comprehensive study of SRC-based verification, including its methodology, characteristics, merits, challenges and the directions to resolve. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of SRC-based verification, especially when using multimodal fusion and advanced deep learning features. The concerns about its efficiency in large-scale user applications can be readily solved using a simple dictionary shrinkage strategy based on cluster analysis and random selection of non-target subjects.
Spontaneous imbibition characteristics of shale oil reservoir under the influence of osmosis
Authors: Su Yuliang , Sun Qinghao , Wang Wendong , Guo Xincheng , Xu Jilong , Li Guanqun , Pu Xiugang , Han Wenzhong , Shi Zhannan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spontaneous imbibition (SI) process in shale oil reservoirs is not only influenced by capillary force, but also by the osmotic pressure between the fracturing fluid and formation water in the nanopores media. In this study, experimental methods are used to investigate the mechanisms of osmosis in the SI, taking into account the presence of initial formation water in shale oil reservoirs. To investigate the effect of osmosis, SI experiments were performed on the fine-grained felsic shale of the Qikou sag of Dagang oilfield. Low-field NMR testers and high-precision electronic balances are utilized for the measuring of oil–water migration. The results show that, when Sw ≠ 0, high-salinity fluid SI can be divided into four stages: initial imbibition stage, drainage stage, secondary imbibition stage and stationary stage; when Sw = 0, there is no drainage stage of high-salinity fluid SI; when Sw ≠ 0 or Sw = 0, low-salinity fluid SI can be called the “osmosis-enhanced SI”; and we have found that “newly formed pores or microfractures” as well as reducing salinity can promote SI. This article presents a systematic study of SI of shale oil reservoirs under the influence of osmosis, which provide useful information for reservoir numerical simulation and development program design.
Nonlinear generalized thermoelasticity: theory and application
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M. , Abbas Ibrahim A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, the hypothesis of nonlinear thermoelasticity has been arranged for anisotropic thermoelastic materials to analyze the thermal effect caused by mechanical deformation. The stress–strain equation to be nonlinear form is more important than the non-linearity in the geometrical structure. A common and fundamental formalization of the energy equilibrium to enclose the execution has been revolved. The governing equations of the nonlinear thermoelasticity model with one relaxation time have been constructed and solved for an isotropic one-dimensional thermoelastic and homogeneous half-space. This new model nonlinear thermoelasticity with one relaxation time generates thermal and mechanical waves propagating with finite speeds.
Penile and Scrotal Skin Measurements to Predict Final Vaginal Depth With Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty
Authors: Smith Shannon M. , Yuan Nance , Stelmar Jenna , Zaliznyak Michael , Lee Grace , Bresee Catherine , Garcia Maurice M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionNo nomogram exists to predict maximum achievable neovaginal depth before penile inversion vaginoplasty (PIV) based on available penile & scrotal skin (SS). Maximal depth is important to patients and is determined by available skin and available anatomic space within the pelvis and varies with surgical technique.AimWe endeavored to create a nomogram to predict expected postoperative vaginal depth.MethodsRetrospective review of all patients undergoing primary PIV at a single institution from June 2017 to February 2020 (n = 60). Pre-op: Dorsal penile and midline scrotal skin length were measured. Intra-op: Tubularized scrotal skin length measured on a dilator. Immediate post-op: Final vaginal depth measured with a dilator.OutcomesThe amount of available penile and scrotal skin was not associated with vaginal depth. The only variable that did significantly increase depth was the use of penile + scrotal skin, as compared to penile skin alone. (P &lt; .001)ResultsIn patients who underwent PIV-SS, the final vaginal depth (13.3 ± 1.9 cm) was 87% of pre-op measured penile skin length (15.3 ±- 3.0 cm). In patients who underwent PIV+SS, pre-op penile skin length was 11.1 ± 4.7±cm and pre-op midline scrotal length was 22.8 ± 2.6 cm. with a final post-op vaginal canal depth of 15.2 ± 1.3 cm. In 45/46 (98%) surgeries utilizing SS grafts, SS tube length exceeded the length necessary to achieve maximal vaginal depth, and required trimming and discard. Given that in most cases there was an excess of SS, final post-op depth equaled the maximal vaginal depth that could be surgically dissected, and was not limited by the amount of available skin.Clinical ImplicationsOur findings suggest that for most patients it should not be necessary to include additional tissue sources (eg, peritoneum) to create a vaginal canal during primary vaginoplasty.Strengths and LimitationsAny penile skin that was discarded due to poor quality (eg, tight phimosis, poor viability) was not measured and accounted for. This likely resulted in a slight overestimation of the contribution of the penile skin to the final vaginal depth, but did not change the overall finding that final depth was not limited by available skin.ConclusionSS grafts, when harvested and tubularized using optimized technique, supplied an excess of skin necessary to line a vaginal canal space of maximal achievable depth. We found that additional tissue sources can, instead, be reserved for future salvage surgery if it becomes necessary to augment depth.
ON THE EUCLIDEAN ALGORITHM: RHYTHM WITHOUT RECURSION
Authors: MORRILL THOMAS 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA modified form of Euclid’s algorithm has gained popularity among musical composers following Toussaint’s 2005 survey of so-called Euclidean rhythms in world music. We offer a method to easily calculate Euclid’s algorithm by hand as a modification of Bresenham’s line-drawing algorithm. Notably, this modified algorithm is a nonrecursive matrix construction, using only modular arithmetic and combinatorics. This construction does not outperform the traditional divide-with-remainder method; it is presented for combinatorial interest and ease of hand computation.
Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners: findings from the Campinas Nutrition and Health Survey
Authors: Fagundes Grilo Mariana , Marinho Duarte Larissa , Crispim Sandra Patricia , de Azevedo Barros Filho Antonio , Duran Ana Clara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe used data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp 2014/15) and the Food Consumption and Nutritional Status Survey (ISACamp-Nutri 2015/16) to estimate the prevalence of the consumption of foods and beverages that contain low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) by individuals ≥ 10 years to estimate the dietary exposure of the population to high levels of LCS. We first estimated the prevalence of consuming LCS-containing foods and beverages and identified the top sources of LCS consumption. We then verified whether the prevalence of consumption varied according to individual-level characteristics or the presence of obesity and diabetes. Finally, we estimated the population dietary exposure to high levels of LCS and compared it with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels. Over 40 % of the study population consumed at least one LCS-containing food or beverage. Sweetened beverages, tabletop sweeteners and dairy beverages were the top contributors to the consumption of LCS. Among all age groups, education levels, and income levels, the consumption of LCS-containing foods and beverages ranged from 35 % to 55 %. The prevalence was only slightly greater among higher income 40–59-year-olds than among other income groups and was not higher among individuals with obesity or diabetes. Although dietary exposure to LCS did not exceed the ADI levels, we identified several limitations in our ability to measure exposure to high levels of LCS. Because of these challenges and the unclear evidence linking LCS to better health outcomes, the consumption of LCS-containing foods and beverages should be closely monitored.
The plasma of violence: Towards a preventive medicine for political evil
Authors: Austin Jonathan Luke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow do people know how – very practically speaking – to be violent? This article explores that question through a Science and Technology Studies perspective. It does so in order to go beyond the usual location of global political violence at a structural level that attributes its emergence principally to hierarchical orders, formal training, or deep cultural, political, or ideological factors. The alternative explanation offered here draws on Bruno Latour's concept of ‘plasma’ to sketch a theory of how practices of violence are embedded at a distributed ontological level through the historical accumulation of (popular) cultural, textual, technological, and other epistemic objects. In making that claim, I seek to stress how violent knowledge circulates outside the formal domains associated with it (the military, police) and is instead preconsciously accessible to each and every person. To support this argument, the article draws on empirical examples of the use of torture, including interviews conducted with Syrian perpetrators of torture, as well as by tracing the paradoxical entanglements between scientific practice and the practice of torture. I conclude by engaging the field of preventive medicine to speculate on the need to develop modes of violence prevention that appreciate political violence as a population-level sociopolitical problem.