bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide survey on radiation doses received by patients in nuclear medicine imaging procedures
Authors: Skovorodko K , Komiagienė R , Maciusovič M , Gilys L , Vajauskas D , Grigonienė V , Žiliukas J , Raudonienė J , Gricienė B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
National diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are essential tools for optimizing protocols and protecting patients from an unjustified radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to conduct a nationwide survey of adult patient doses received from nuclear medicine (NM) procedures and to update national DRL (NDRL) values for most common procedures. Data on the radioactivity administered to standard adult patients were collected from all Lithuanian hospitals using NM applications in practice, between 2017 and 2022. Twelve of the most commonly performed NM diagnostic procedures: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (two parts), thyroid scintigraphy, lung perfusion scintigraphy, bone scintigraphy, dynamic renal scintigraphy (divided into two procedures), parathyroid scintigraphy, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, lymphoscintigraphy, neuroendocrine tumour scan, and oncology positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging were included. The 75th percentile of the dose distribution was estimated for establishing NDRLs. During the data collection period, the NM imaging equipment was upgraded. The procedures were completed with 12 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/CT gamma cameras (2 with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors), 2 cardiac-centred gamma cameras with CZT detectors, and 2 PET/CT scanners. Data were collected on 7979 activities administered to the patients. For each procedure, depending on its frequency, 50–580 administered radiopharmaceutical activities were selected. Based on the collected data, NDRLs were updated in 2021 for three procedures. A large part of the procedures were performed with scanners manufactured between 2008 and 2011. In the past few years, the main Lithuanian hospitals that provide NM services have updated their SPECT/CT systems. In the future, the data collection process should be continued in order to reassess DRLs with respect to new scanning systems (e.g. with CZT detectors and newer PET/CT technology). Variations in the prescribed radiopharmaceutical activities showed that optimization and harmonization procedures may be performed in some hospitals.
Nonlinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations in critical spaces Part I. Stochastic maximal regularity and local existence*
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Veraar Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper we develop a new approach to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with Gaussian noise. Our aim is to provide an abstract framework which is applicable to a large class of SPDEs and includes many important cases of nonlinear parabolic problems which are of quasi- or semilinear type. This first part is on local existence and well-posedness. A second part in preparation is on blow-up criteria and regularization. Our theory is formulated in an L

p
-setting, and because of this we can deal with nonlinearities in a very efficient way. Applications to several concrete problems and their quasilinear variants are given. This includes Burgers’ equation, the Allen–Cahn equation, the Cahn–Hilliard equation, reaction–diffusion equations, and the porous media equation. The interplay of the nonlinearities and the critical spaces of initial data leads to new results and insights for these SPDEs. The proofs are based on recent developments in maximal regularity theory for the linearized problem for deterministic and stochastic evolution equations. In particular, our theory can be seen as a stochastic version of the theory of critical spaces due to Prüss–Simonett–Wilke (2018). Sharp weighted time-regularity allow us to deal with rough initial values and obtain instantaneous regularization results. The abstract well-posedness results are obtained by a combination of several sophisticated splitting and truncation arguments.
Effects of ‘step-like’ amplitude-modulation on a pulsed capacitively coupled RF discharge: an experimental investigation
Authors: Fu Yan-Yan , Wang Xiao-Kun , Liu Yong-Xin , Schulze Julian , Donkó Zoltán , Wang You-Nian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present measurements of the time evolution of plasma and electrical parameters in a pulsed capacitively coupled argon discharge operated at a radio frequency of 12.5 MHz, whose amplitude is ‘step-up’ and ‘step-down’ modulated. The ‘step-up (-down)’ amplitude-modulated waveform consists of three segments, i.e., a low (high)-voltage, a high (low)-voltage, and a zero-voltage stage. Here, we focus on the effect of the ratio (ζ = V
L/V
H ⩽ 1) of the low-(V
L) to high-voltage (V
H) amplitude (measured at the end of the respective segment) on the time evolution of discharge parameters. We monitor the behavior of the discharge by measuring (i) the optical emission intensity (OEI) of a selected Ar-I spectral line, (ii) the electron density at the center of the plasma (using a hairpin probe) as well as (iii) the electrical characteristics (by voltage and current probes). It is found that at relatively large ζ (i.e., at low disparity between the two voltage amplitudes), for both the ‘step-up’ and ‘step-down’ cases, these parameters evolve relatively smoothly with time upon changing the voltage amplitude, and the ignition process strongly depends on the duration of the zero-voltage period. At low ζ (i.e., at high disparity between the voltage amplitudes), an abnormal evolution of the parameters can be observed during the low-voltage period for both cases. Specifically, the voltage amplitude and the modulus of the system impedance increase to a higher value, while the relative phase, φ
vi, between the voltage and the current approaches 90°, resulting in a reduction of the power deposition and the OEI. The enhanced voltage amplitude decreases to a steady-state value, accompanied by a decline of φ
vi, and an abnormal increase of the current amplitude and the electron density after some time, of which the duration increases with the decrease of ζ. The ζ-dependent evolution of the electron density during the low-voltage period was found to significantly affect the subsequent ignition process and electron power absorption mode at the beginning of the high-voltage period.
Design and performance of flexible polymeric piezoelectric energy harvesters for battery-less tyre sensors
Authors: Mangone Carmela , Kaewsakul Wisut , Gunnewiek Michel Klein , Reuvekamp Louis A E M , Noordermeer Jacques W M , Blume Anke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A piezoelectric energy harvester for battery-less tyre sensors has been developed. It consists of two key elements: (a) a piezoelectric material—polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film and (b) an electrode—a conductive elastomer filled with carbon black and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). It was designed as a flexible patch in a sandwich-like configuration, which can be mounted onto the inner liner of a tyre. The patch was fabricated by inserting a PVDF film in between two conductive elastomer sheets. The development started with improving the conductivity of the elastomer by adding 6 wt% of SWCNT masterbatch. The adhesion between the interfaces was improved through surface modification of the PVDF film by introducing oxygen functional groups via a plasma treatment and further modification with a thiocyanate silane. The successful surface modification of the PVDF film was affirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. T-peel and fatigue tests showed durable and stable adhesion between PVDF and conductive elastomer, confirming that the silane can effectively bridge the two components. A glueing method is proposed to adhere the patch to the tyre inner liner compound. The harvester is estimated to sufficiently power a reference tyre sensor, producing 28 μW cm−2.
Experimental validation of new non-coherent chaotic modulation via SDR implementation
Authors: Benimam Houssem , Sadoudi Said , Teguig Djamal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, a new non-coherent chaotic modulation based on the classical Frequency Modulation (FM) technique is proposed and experimentally validated under realistic wireless communication scenarios by using Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology. In the proposed modulation, named FM-Chip Averaging Chaotic On-Off Keying (FM-CACOOK), we simply combine the FM modulation with the recent proposed chaotic modulation technique CA-COOK. Firstly, we validate the proposed technique via several Matlab simulations scenarios in the context of wireless chaotic transmission through different IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. In this context, we choose the Office LOS (Line Of Sight) and NLOS (Non Line Of Sight), the industrial LOS, the Outdoor LOS and the Open Outdoor NLOS in order to make a mixture of indoor and outdoor environments for LOS and NLOS propagation. Secondly, we implement the proposed modulation by using GNU-Radio Companion (GRC) software. For this, several new GRC blocks have been added to perform and test the FM-CACOOK modulation in SDR platforms such as RTL-SDR dongle and HackRF. Finally, experimental tests have been performed to demonstrate the reliability and the strengths of the considered modulation. The obtained experimental results validate our solution by deriving the Bit Error Rate (BER) performances curve of FM-CACOOK compared to that of Differential Chaos-Shift Keying (DCSK), which is the reference chaotic modulation, and to that of the recent CA-COOK modulation.
The linear regime of tachyonic preheating
Authors: Koivunen Niko , Tomberg Eemeli , Veermäe Hardi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tachyonic preheating is realized when the inflaton repeatedly returns to a convex region of the potential during the post-inflationary oscillating phase. This will induce a strong tachyonic instability and lead to a rapid fragmentation of the coherent field that can complete within a fraction of an e-fold. In this paper, we study the linear regime of this process in a model-independent way. To this purpose, we construct simplified models that provide an analytic Floquet theoretic description of mode growth. This approach captures the essential features of well-motivated tachyonic preheating scenarios, including scenarios in which the inflaton is part of a larger scalar multiplet. We show that tachyonic preheating is efficient if the field excursions are sub-Planckian, can produce gravitational waves in the frequency range of current and future gravitational wave interferometers, and can be consistent with any experimentally allowed tensor-to-scalar ratio.
Effect of cold work deformationon irradiation hardening of vanadium alloys
Authors: Han Xuxiao , Niu Mengke , Yang Yitao , Zhang Chonghong , Meng Xuan , Li Zengde , Wang Tieshan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vanadium alloys are regarded as promising candidate structural materials for the advanced blanket concept in fusion reactors due to their low activation, good high-temperature strength and, in particular, their compatibility with liquid lithium. In the present work, six kinds of V–5Cr–5Ti alloys under heavy cold work with deformation amounts of 40%, 60% and 80%, and/or subsequent annealing were investigated. Irradiation damage of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 dpa was introduced in both specimens using 352.8 MeV Fe ions at 100 °C. Electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate pre-irradiation microstructures such as grains, dislocations, precipitates and bubbles. X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the pre-existing dislocation density and TEM was used to image the irradiation defects. The change in hardness was evaluated using micro-hardness tests. Before irradiation, the hardness increased with the increasing deformation amount but decreased after subsequent annealing. Dislocation cells turning into sub-grains with low-angle boundaries were observed, while the deformation amount reached 80% in cold-worked specimens. After irradiation, hardening was observed in all specimens and at all irradiation doses, and a power-law relation was observed in dose-dependent hardening. The effect of the initial microstructure on irradiation hardening was discussed in terms of the sink strength while ignoring grains and precipitates due to their large size. Pre-existing bubbles could effectively reduce irradiation hardening compared with previous results. Meanwhile, with the increasing sink strength of dislocations, hardening decreased in a different manner in cold-worked and annealed specimens. The irradiation defects in some specimens were investigated to clarify the inherent mechanism in the relationship between the initial microstructures and irradiation hardening.
Microclimate as the basis for creating a comfortable urban environment
Authors: Gushchin A N , Divakova M N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the question of the extent to which the urban microclimate determines the state of comfort of the urban environment. To determine the comfort of the urban environment, the criterion of the Dutch urbanist Jan Gel is used. The article discusses the spatial and temporal scales of microclimatic phenomena and notes that the main characteristics of the microclimate are spatial and temporal variability. Specific examples demonstrate how microclimatic phenomena can affect the comfort of the urban environment. The article discusses the possibilities contained in regulatory documents for regulating the microclimate in urban conditions.
SMART-system based on a heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles to ensure the environmental human well-being
Authors: Motorin A , Sherstnev V , Bezborodova O , Bodin O , Trofimov A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The authors developed flowcharts for the operation algorithm and sequences for a SMART system to facilitate the environmental well-being of people based on the use of a heterogeneous group of unmanned environmental aircraft. The group of unmanned aircraft may operate in normal and emergency modes to patrol production facilities or mitigate (localize) emergency factors such as fires or the spillage of chemicals. The authors provide solutions to equip environmental unmanned aircraft with chemical and fire hazard control devices (probes and cameras respectively), as well as the tools to localize (mitigate) the sources of these hazards. The suggested solutions shall help obtain live data on the impact of production facilities on the local technosphere and promptly identify the beginning of an emergency to minimize the time necessary to identify and mitigate (localize) emergency factors, use more specialized equipment, and position it rationally in the unmanned aircraft, perform feasible optimization of the number of unmanned aircraft in the group, and reduce the loads on the decision-makes monitoring the images.
Features of the coupled distribution of methane and hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediments of the Azov and Black Seas firth
Authors: Gar’kusha D N , Fedorov Yu A , Trubnik R G , Dotsenko N V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the summer-autumn period, studies of the conjugate distribution of methane and total hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediments of the limans of the Azov and Black Seas, characterized by different salinity, were carried out. For the first time, to characterize the conjugate distribution of CH4 and ΣH2S in bottom sediments, the “methanization” coefficient was used, which is the percentage of CH4 from the summa of concentrations (mg/g) of CH4 and ΣH2S. The concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in bottom sediments of desalinated limans (Sladky, Akhtanizovsky, and Kurchansky) vary from 0.01 to 114.34 μg/g of wet sediment and from <0.001 to 3.07 mg/g of wet sediment, respectively. The concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in the sediments of saline limans (Yeisky, Beisugskysky, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky, and Bugazsky) vary from 0.01 to 1.44 μg/g and from 0.01 to 1.44 mg/g, respectively. The coefficient of methanization in the bottom sediments of saline limans varies from 0.002 to 1.38% and does not exceed 1% in 97% of the samples taken. In the deposits of desalinated limans, the methanization coefficient noticeably increases (up to 19.14%). The tightness of the correlation between the studied reduced gases and hydrochemical parameters is analyzed.
Evaluation of the metal content of cleaned and dirty balsam poplar leaves in industrial pollution conditions
Authors: Giniyatullin R Kh , Zaitsev G A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plants can absorb nearly all the chemicals present in the environment in large or small quantities. Chemical inputs as a result of industrial emissions accumulate primarily in the leaves of woody plants. This study compares the metal content of cleaned and dirty leaves of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) under Sterlitamak Industrial Centre conditions. Under pollution conditions, high levels of metals were detected in cleaned and dirty poplar leaves. Chromium, cobalt, copper and nickel from artificial sources are extensively accumulated in poplar leaves in contaminated areas. Moreover, a prevailing accumulation of chromium, cobalt and nickel was observed in the cleaned leaves, excluding cadmium, 14 times more prevalent in dirty poplar leaves than in cleaned leaves. The zinc content of the cleaned and dirty leaves is almost the same. Increasing the concentration of elements in dirty poplar leaves under pollution conditions (per dry biomass (mg/kg)) can be arranged in the following order: Cd < Zn < Pb < Co < Ni < Cr < Cu. The accumulation of metals in balsam poplar leaves during the growing season was evaluated. Bioaccumulation values of metals have been determined for the biomass of leaves.
The physical and chemical composition of fly ash from Troitsk state district power plant (GRES) and its potential use in the construction industry
Authors: Pogorelov S N , Ya Kramar L , Kostiunina I L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the use in construction of fly ash, bottom ash, and slag waste from thermal power plants. Using material from the Troitsk State District Power Plant (GRES), we studied the potential use of slag and ash, as well as thermal power by-products, which occupy large areas, pollute the environment, and negatively affect human health. If we correctly approach this problem, fly ash and slag can be used in concrete, replacing part of the cement content, or as an aggregate, which will increase the resistance of concretes to environmental impacts, and therefore become an effective raw material for the production of building materials. Studies have shown ash is most effectively used as an additive in cement and in the production of fine-grained concretes. Ash from thermal power plants are mostly used in the form of porous ash aggregates, including unburned fly-ash aggregate. This study contributes to the effective use of ashes from Troitsk GRES in the production of light concretes. The use of these ashes in the production of heat-insulating wall materials will allow an increase in the efficiency of residential and industrial construction. This can lead to the development of the construction industry in the region and job gain while reducing the environmental impact.
Areas of use of waste from incineration
Authors: Kolodezhnaya E V , Garkave M S , Shadrunova I V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Most of the solid household waste generated in the world is disposed of by incineration. Wastes generated during the incineration of debris pose a danger to the environment and must be disposed of. Determining the application areas of incinerator slags is an urgent research task. The article provides information on the conditions and volumes of slag formation. It is possible to extract copper-containing material from slags during gravitational enrichment. The use of complex processing technology contributes to the production of iron and aluminum-containing products. The potential of using slags for carbon dioxide sequestration was estimated. Suitability of silicate tailings of slag processing as geopolymer binders is determined. The use of waste incineration slags in production will not only reduce their number at landfills, but also prevent their further storage.
The use of drilling waste in the production of ceramic building materials
Authors: Klimova L V , Smolii V A , Romanyuk V S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to solve environmental problems that arise when drilling oil and gas wells. The study is aimed at the disposal, neutralization and reuse of drilling waste, which will create a reserve of competitive raw materials for the production of bricks. The possibility of recycling a man-made product obtained in the process of drilling oil wells at the facilities of the Morozovskoye deposit (Krasnodar Territory) in the production of ceramic products, namely building bricks, is considered. A physical and chemical study of the drilling waste of the considered deposit was carried out, with the aim of its subsequent use in the raw mix for the production of building bricks. A comparative characteristic of the raw material composition, phase and mineralogical composition, as well as the plasticity number of drilling waste and clay from the Gubskoye deposit (Krasnodar Territory) is presented. On the basis of the data obtained, appropriate conclusions were made about the possibility of using drilling waste as a raw material component.
Ceramic granite production wastes use for enhancement asphalt concrete construction and technical properties
Authors: Yatsenko N D , Evforitskiy A S , Sazonova O I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bitumen concrete construction and technical properties improvement when used as refuse finely-fragmented layer inorganic material formed in production of ceramic granite, ceramic construction material, is conditioned by its phase composition and structure. The set of physicochemical studies has established that the high physical and technical properties of ceramic granite are associated with its microstructure, which presents glassceramic composite consisting of amorphous glass phase permeated with mullite crystals and silica-containing phases of quartz and cristobalite, that provides low material porosity. The density of natural granite containing only β-quartz in an amount of about 35% with its density and the density of other minerals in the granite, in particular field spars, is 2.6… 2.7 g/cm3. The density of ceramic granite decreases due to less dense β-cristobalite, but at the same time its porosity decreases due to glass crystal structure. Use of non-porous refuses of ceramic granite as finely-fragmented inorganic material reduces amount of bitumen in bitumen concrete mixture, increases water resistance, compressive strength, shear resistance of bitumen concrete, which can increase service life of road surface.
Producing ceramic wall material using industrial waste
Authors: Solonina V A , Butakova M D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Environmental motivation in industrial waste processing should be prioritized in national social development programs. Technogenic materials accumulate near industrial enterprises and significantly complicate the environmental situation in the regions. The article considers the possibility of utilizing technogenic waste (slag) from the Elektrostal Tyumen metallurgical plant. We propose including finely-ground slag in the raw charge for the production of wall ceramics, which can assist in reducing the plasticity number of the Kyshtyrlinsky clay deposit of Tyumen and its sintering temperature. The results obtained indicate an increase in the strength of the ceramic by 23.8%. A burn-out additive (wood flour) is additionally introduced into the raw material mixture to improve the thermal characteristics of ceramic products.