bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of Some Ceramic Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Ghavami Ali , Ghiaasiaan S. Mostafa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of ceramics in cryogenic systems is expanding. Thermophysical properties of these ceramics in cryogenic temperatures are thus needed. In this investigation, the thermal conductivities of 7740 Pyrex, 99.99% purity dense Alumina, and dense 8% mol yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were experimentally measured in the 75–300 K temperature range, using the guarded comparative-longitudinal heat flow technique in accordance with ASTM International's ASTM E1225-13 standard. These ceramics are widely applied in cryogenics systems, including some critical components of Stirling and pulse-tube cryocoolers. The measured conductivities for Pyrex are in general agreement, but slightly higher than available published data. The data for 99.99% purity dense alumina agree with data from two previously published sources in the aforementioned temperature range. Our experimental thermal conductivity data for dense 8% mol YSZ appear to be the first such data in the aforementioned temperature range and indicate a temperature-sensitive distribution with a peak at about 140 K temperature. The data also converge with two sets of previously published experimental data representing temperatures lower and higher than the aforementioned temperature range. Empirical correlations are developed for the thermal conductivity of 7740 Pyrex and 99.99%—purity dense alumina for the 75–300 K temperature range based on our experimental data. Empirical correlations are also proposed for the 40–400 K temperature range for 8% Mol YSZ, based on the experimental data generated in this work as well as the data from two other sources.
Water Thermodynamic Behavior Under Influence of Electric Field: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Porterfield Malcolm , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water phase-change is of importance to many applications including energy conversion, thermal management of electronics, and medical therapies. Augmenting the rate of phase-change by application of an electric field is of interest in many situations and may lead to increased effectiveness of energy transfer. Thus, it is important to develop a better understanding of the effect of an electric field on the thermodynamic properties of water. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) was utilized to assess two distinct water models, the TIP4P-Ew and the SWM4-NDP, for predicting the effect of an electric field on the density and the enthalpy of vaporization of water. Both water models possess rigid molecular geometry. However, the SWM4-NDP model has a negatively charged Drude particle (the “NDP”) attached to the oxygen site in the water molecule, making the SWM4-NDP model polarizable. The objective is to understand if the polarizability of the water model has a significant effect when predicting the two properties of interest. Applying an electric field in MD simulations with each water model resulted in increased values for both the density and enthalpy of vaporization. The magnitude of these increases is comparable between water models and grows with applied field strength. Corresponding electrostriction pressure attributed to the applied field is well below values predicted by analytical models.
Mixing in a Misaligned Serpentine Micromixer With Flow Splitting and Recombination
Authors: Agarwal Tarang , Wang Liqiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Serpentine micromixers are simple in design, have a high mixing performance, and thus are preferable among passive micromixers. Conventional geometries such as square-wave, circular, and zigzag have widely been investigated by researchers. High-pressure loss diminishes the cost-effectiveness of micromixers. To mitigate the pressure loss and maintain high mixing efficiency, a novel 3D square-wave serpentine micromixer with misaligned inflow is introduced. The design integrates the concept of nonaligned inlets and a highly effective square-wave cross section inside a serpentine micromixer. Flow analysis was done for Reynolds numbers 5 to 50 and a mixing efficiency above 90% was achieved. The design amalgamates two square-wave cross section with lateral misalignments thereby producing a vortex flow at each mixing junction (chamber). The results suggest strong vortex mixing along with cross-flow phenomenon (vortex propagation and intensification) inside the mixing chamber. The core vortex region was also analyzed. For Reynolds number 30, a mixing index of 0.92 is observed with pressure loss around 5 kPa and a mixing length of 3.7 mm. The effect of the average temperature and temperature gradient of fluid is also discussed. A detailed comparative study is also established, which successfully demonstrates the edge of the proposed design.
Methods of Estimating Foot Power and Work in Standing Vertical Jump
Authors: Joshi Kundan , Ashby Blake M. 
Published: August 2022

Experimental motion capture studies have commonly considered the foot as a single rigid body even though the foot contains 26 bones and 30 joints. Various methods have been applied to study rigid body deviations of the foot. This study compared 3 methods: distal foot power (DFP), foot power imbalance (FPI), and a 2-segment foot model to study foot power and work in the takeoff phase of standing vertical jumps. Six physically active participants each performed 6 standing vertical jumps from a starting position spanning 2 adjacent force platforms to allow ground reaction forces acting on the foot to be divided at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Shortly after movement initiation, DFP showed a power absorption phase followed by a power generation phase. FPI followed a similar pattern with smaller power absorption and a larger power generation compared to DFP. MTP joints primarily generated power in the 2-segment model. The net foot work was –4.0 (1.0) J using DFP, 1.8 (1.1) J using FPI, and 5.1 (0.5) J with MTP. The results suggest that MTP joints are only 1 source of foot power and that differences between DFP and FPI should be further explored in jumping and other movements.
On the Problem of Homology of the Clypeus and Labrum in Coccids (Homoptera, Coccina)
Authors: Emeljanov A. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Arguments by P. Pesson and S. Singh on the homology of the clypeus and labrum in Coccina are supported. The labrum rudiment at the apex of the anteclypeus in coccids and reduction of lora in Margarodidae s. l. are considered.
Nimotuzumab plus induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy/concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus nimotuzumab for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: protocol of a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, prospective phase II trial
Authors: Yuan Jing-Jing , Ding Jian-Wu , Li Jin-Wei , Hu Rong-Huan , Gong Dan , Hu Jia-Li , Zhu Kai-Bin , Liu Yan , Ding Yu-Hai , Wei Jia-Wang , Zeng Jian-Lun , Lu Zhi-Bing , Yin Wei-Hua , Ai Su-Fen , Zha Guo-Hua , Zhang Zhi-Lin , Zou Rui , Zeng Lei 
Published: August 2022

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The optimal combined modality of optimal combined modality of anti-­EGFR monoclonal antibodies, induction chemotherapy (ICT), concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for NPC remains poorly defined. None of previous studies have developed subsequent treatment strategies on the basis of stratification according to the efficacy following ICT plus anti-EGFR mAbs. This study aims to increase treatment intensity for patients with poor efficacy of ICT and reduce treatment toxicity for patients with favourable efficacy of ICT by assessing whether the efficacy of this treatment regimen is non-inferior to ICT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (historic controls).IntroductionMethods and analysisPathology-confirmed WHO type II/III NPC patients at clinical stage III–IVA (eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control staging system) will be included in the study. They will receive ICT plus nimotuzumab (NTZ), followed by radiotherapy plus NTZ or concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus NTZ (stratified based on the efficacy of ICT plus NTZ). The primary endpoint is 3-year failure-free survival rate; while the secondary endpoints are 3-year overall survival rate, distant metastasis-free survival rate and locoregional recurrence-free survival rate, and short-term remission rate of tumour and treatment toxicity.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. Implementation strategies are in place to ensure privacy and confidentiality of participants.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000041139.
Risks and benefits of urinary catheterisation during inpatient diuretic therapy for acute heart failure: a retrospective, non-inferiority, cohort study
Authors: John Gregor , Arcens Marc , Berra Gregory , Garin Nicolas , Carballo David , Carballo Sebastian , Stirnemann Jerome 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesPatients with acute congestive heart failure (HF) regularly undergo urinary catheterisation (UC) at hospital admission. We hypothesised that UC has no clinical benefits with regard to weight loss during inpatient diuretic therapy for acute congestive HF and increases the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI).DesignRetrospective, non-inferiority study.SettingGeneva University Hospitals’ Department of Medicine, a tertiary centre.ParticipantsIn a cohort of HF patients, those catheterised within 24 hours of diuretic therapy (n=113) were compared with non-catheterised patients (n=346).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was weight loss 48 hours after starting diuretic therapy. Secondary endpoints were time needed to reach target weight, discontinuation of intravenous diuretics and resolution of respiratory failure. Complications included the time to a first UTI, first hospital readmission and death.ResultsA total of 48-hour weight loss was not statistically different between groups and the adjusted difference was below the non-inferiority boundary of 1 kg (0.43 kg (95% CI: −0.03 to 0.88) in favour of UC, p<0.01 for non-inferiority). UC was not associated with time to reaching target weight (adjusted HR 1.0; 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.5), discontinuation of intravenous diuretics (aHR 0.9; 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.2) or resolution of respiratory failure (aHR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.5 to 2.4). UC increased the risk of UTI (aHR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.2) but was not associated with hospital readmission (aHR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.4) or 1-year mortality (aHR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.1).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, with no obvious hourly diuresis-based diuretic adjustment strategy, weight loss without UC was not inferior to weight loss after UC within 24 hours of initiating diuretic treatment. UC had no impact on clinical improvement and increased the risk of UTI. This evidence, therefore, argues against the systematic use of UC during a diuretic therapy for HF.
Diabetes among adults in Bangladesh: changes in prevalence and risk factors between two cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Islam Mirajul , Rahman Jakia , Uddin Md Jamal , Haque Md. Rabiul 
Published: August 2022

Objective/research questionTo investigate the change in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes among adults in Bangladesh between 2011 and 2018.DesignThe study used two waves of nationally representative cross-sectional data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys in 2011 and 2017–2018.SettingBangladesh.Participants14 376 adults aged ≥35 years.Primary outcomeDiabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes).ResultsFrom 2011 to 2018, the diabetes prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 10.95% (880) to 13.75% (922) (p<0.001), with the largest-relative increase (90%) among obese individuals. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age and body mass index (BMI) were the key risk factors for diabetes. Adults who were overweight or obese were 1.54 times (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.54, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.97) more likely to develop diabetes than normal-weight individuals in 2011, and 1.22 times (AOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.50) and 1.44 times (AOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.84) more prone to develop diabetes in 2018. Other significant risk factors for diabetes were marital status, education, geographical region, wealth index and hypertension status in both survey years.ConclusionA high prevalence of diabetes was observed and it has been steadily increasing over time. To enhance diabetes detection and prevention among adults in Bangladesh, population-level interventions focusing on health education, including a healthy diet and lifestyle, are required.
Risk for neonatal hypoglycaemia and bradycardia after beta-blocker use during pregnancy or lactation: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: de Bruin Rosalie , van Dalen Sarah L , Franx Shamaya J , Simons Sinno HP , Flint Robert B , van den Bosch Gerbrich E 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionBeta-blockers are often used during pregnancy to treat diseases such as pre-existing hypertension, arrhythmias or pregnancy-related hypertension. Since beta-blockers are able to cross the placenta and can pass into breast milk, they could potentially harm the neonate. Known potential neonatal side effects of maternal beta-blocker use are hypoglycaemia and bradycardia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the risk for neonatal hypoglycaemia and bradycardia after exposure to beta-blockers in utero or through lactation.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic electronic search will be conducted using EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Trials and Web of Science from initiation to April 2021. Our primary outcome will be the risk for hypoglycaemia or bradycardia in neonates exposed to beta-blockers in utero or through lactation in comparison with unexposed neonates. All articles will be screened by title and abstract twice by different independent review authors. Next, standardised methodological quality assessment will be conducted for each included article and finally a meta-analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results of this study will help to assess the need for postnatal glucose and heart rate monitoring of the neonate after maternal beta-blocker exposure. Our findings will be communicated to the target audience through peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021264269.
Models of comprehensive care for older persons with chronic diseases: a systematic review with a focus on effectiveness
Authors: Barajas-Nava Leticia A , Garduño-Espinosa Juan , Mireles Dorantes Juan M , Medina-Campos Raúl , García-Peña M Carmen 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAgeing entails a variety of physiological changes that increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of these diseases leads to an increase in the use of health services. The care models implemented by health systems should provide comprehensive long-term healthcare. We conducted this systematic review to determine whether any model of care for older persons have proven to be effective.MethodsA systematic review of literature was carried out to identify randomised clinical trials that have assessed how effective a care model for older patients with chronic diseases. A searches electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Turning Research Into Practice Database, Cochrane Library and Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials was conducted from January 1966 to January 2021. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of the studies. Interventions were identified and classified according to the taxonomies developed by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care and Cochrane Consumers and Communication groups.ResultsOf the 4952 bibliographic references that were screened, 577 were potentially eligible and the final sample included 25 studies that evaluated healthcare models in older people with chronic diseases. In the 25 care models, the most frequently implemented interventions were educational, and those based on the provision of healthcare. Only 22% of the outcomes of interventions were identified as being effective, whereas 21% were identified as being partially effective; thus, more than 50% of the outcomes were identified as being ineffective.ConclusionsIt was not possible to determine a care model as effective. The interventions implemented in the models are variable. The most effective outcomes were focused on improving the patient–healthcare professional relationship in the early stages of the intervention. The interventions addressed in the studies were similar to public health interventions as their main objectives focused on promoting health. Most studies were of low methodological quality.
Association between transoesophageal echocardiography monitoring indicators and the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass grafting: a study protocol for a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Liu Binghua , Lv Meng , Wang Haiyan , Sun Yongtao , Song Xiumei , Dong Ling , Feng Hai , Wang Yuelan 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPrevious studies on transoesophageal echocardiography in coronary artery bypass grafting mainly focused on whether to change the surgical plan rather than improve the clinical prognosis. Currently, there are sparse studies on the relationship between transoesophageal echocardiography indicators and the prognosis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The primary aim of this study is to explore the association between transoesophageal echocardiography monitoring indicators the respiratory variability of inferior vena cava diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and the incidence of acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.Methods and analysisWe designed this prospective multicenter cohort study, which included approximately 150 adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Different hospitals will be assessed to obtain information on the prevalence, risk factors, management strategies and outcomes in coronary artery bypass surgery. The cohort will be followed after the coronary artery bypass surgery period, up to 30 days after enrolment. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and baseline data will be presented by descriptive statistics. We will use Freidman inspection and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between transoesophageal echocardiography monitoring indicators and the incidence of acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, China (approval number: YXLL-KY-2021(067)). This is an observational study that poses no risk to the patients. All participants will obtain informed consent according to the ethics committee before patient enrolment. Funding sources will have no influence on data handling, analyses or writing of the manuscript. The article is planned for submission in an international peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05139108.
Global impact of COVID-19 on surgeons and team members (GlobalCOST): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jaffry Zahra , Raj Siddarth , Sallam Asser , Lyman Stephen , Negida Ahmed , Yiu Chi Fung Antony , Sobti Anshul , Bua Nelson , Field Richard E , Abdalla Hassan , Hammad Rawad , Qazi Nadeem , Singh Bijayendra , Brennan Peter A , Hussein Amr , Narvani Ali , Jones Adrian , Imam Mohamed A 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of surgeons and allied health professionals as well as the support provided by their institutions.DesignThis cross-sectional study involved distributing an online survey through medical organisations, social media platforms and collaborators.SettingIt included all staff based in an operating theatre environment around the world.Participants1590 complete responses were received from 54 countries between 15 July and 15 December 2020. The average age of participants was 30–40 years old, 64.9% were men and 32.5% of a white ethnic background. 79.5% were surgeons with the remainder being nurses, assistants, anaesthetists, operating department practitioners or classified other.Main outcome measuresParticipants that had experienced any physical illness, changes in mental health, salary or time with family since the start of the pandemic as well as support available based on published recommendations.Results32.0% reported becoming physically ill. This was more likely in those with reduced access to personal protective equipment (OR 4.62; CI 2.82 to 7.56; p<0.001) and regular breaks (OR 1.56; CI 1.18 to 2.06; p=0.002). Those with a decrease in salary (29.0%) were more likely to have an increase in anxiety (OR 1.50; CI 1.19 to 1.89; p=0.001) and depression (OR 1.84; CI 1.40 to 2.43; p<0.001) and those who spent less time with family (35.2%) were more likely to have an increase in depression (OR 1.74; CI 1.34 to 2.26; p<0.001). Only 36.0% had easy access to occupational health, 44.0% to mental health services, 16.5% to 24/7 rest facilities and 14.2% to 24/7 food and drink facilities. Fewer measures were available in countries with a low Human Development Index.ConclusionsThis work has highlighted a need and strategies to improve conditions for the healthcare workforce, ultimately benefiting patient care.
Testing the efficacy of a motor analogy designed to promote safe landing by older adults who fall accidentally: a study protocol for a randomised control study
Authors: Oladi Sana , Uiga Liis , Hebert-Losier Kim , Masters Rich S W 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionFalling is associated with adverse effects on the health of older people. The majority of research into falls among older people has focused on prevention, with less attention to ‘how to fall safely’. Previous research suggests that motor analogies can be used to promote safe landing by young adults; however, the efficacy of this technique for older people remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether a motor analogy is useful for promoting safe falling in the older adult population.Methods and analysisThe study adopts a randomised, controlled, single-blinded study design. People 65 years and older will be randomly allocated to a control condition or a motor analogy condition. They will receive a nudge in a forward, backward or sideways direction (randomised order), which will initiate a fall. The nudge will occur at variable (randomised) time points, so participants will not be aware of when they will fall. Participants in the motor analogy condition will be instructed to ‘land like a feather’, whereas participants in the control condition will be instructed to ‘land safely’. The primary outcome parameters are maximum impact force (normalised by mass) applied to different body segments during impact and fracture risk ratio of wrists and hips. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance will be conducted to examine differences between the motor analogy and control conditions as a function of the different variables.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Waikato Human Research Ethics Committee (Health 2021#45) has granted ethical approval. Outcomes will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001189819. Registered on 6 September 2021.