bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantification of lipids in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and salmon feed by GC‐MS
Authors: Molversmyr Eivind , Devle Hanne Marie , Naess‐Andresen Carl Fredrik , Ekeberg Dag 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fatty acid profiles of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and salmon feed was elucidated and quantitated. Due to the increasing proportion of vegetable oils in salmon feed, it was of interest to evaluate the effects on the farmed salmon fatty acid profile. There was found to be four times more fat in the muscle in farmed compared to wild salmon, 8.97 ± 0.63% and 2.14 ± 0.32%, respectively. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 15.0%, 55.4%, and 29.6%, respectively, in farmed salmon, while 26.3%, 47.4%, and 26.3% in wild salmon. The lipids were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by solid‐phase extraction. Both wild and farmed salmon contained approximately equal amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with 520 and 523 mg/100 g fish muscle, respectively. The salmons of both kinds were evaluated from a health perspective by discussing the contents of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids together with nutritional quality indices. In conjunction with a lower fat intake by consumption, the wild Atlantic salmon displayed the most nutritionally beneficial profile.
Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets
Authors: Bandegi Alireza , Amirkhosravi Mehrad , Meng Haotian , Aghjeh Mir Karim Razavi , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are expansively used in different applications and recycling the significant amounts of UPR waste is still a universal problem. Vitrimerization is a feasible, environmental‐friendly, cost effective, and operative method, which can be used for recycling the crosslinked UPRs. In this method, the thermoset permanent network is changed into a dynamic network similar to the vitrimer‐type polymers. The results show that the existence of a transesterification catalyst in the system significantly enhances the efficiency of vitrimerization. The vitrimerized UPR thermosets can be reprocessed three times with mechanical properties comparable to the initial UPR. The results show that the excess of external hydroxyl groups in the system can prevent the formation of zinc ligand complexes in the network and consequently reduce the crosslinked density and mechanical properties of vitrimerized samples. The vitrimerized thermoset powder can be reprocessed through injection molding, extrusion, and compression molding which are conventional thermoplastic processing techniques. The unrecyclable UPR thermoset wastes can be recycled and reused through vitrimerization with the least loss in mechanical properties.
Crescent‐shaped skin paddle for a fibular flap: Avoiding skin grafting at the donor site
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Fukunaga Yutaka , Arikawa Masaki , Fujisawa Kou , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fibular osteocutaneous flap is the mainstay of oromandibular reconstruction. This report aimed to present a crescent‐shaped skin paddle, a novel fibular skin paddle designed to achieve both sufficient intraoral lining and primary closure of the donor site. A 3–5‐cm‐wide crescent‐shaped skin paddle was harvested according to the locations of the distal septocutaneous perforators on preoperative color Doppler sonography. This narrow skin paddle fits well morphologically into the mucosal defect, enabling a reliable intraoral lining. This advantage becomes more evident when the mandibular defect crosses the midline or extends posteriorly to the maxillary tuberosity as the shape of the mucosal defect becomes arcuate. Primary closure of the donor site is easier to achieve because the required width of the crescent‐shaped skin paddle is minimized. This method reduces donor‐site morbidity associated with skin grafting while ensuring safe intraoral closure with a fibular osteocutaneous flap.
Patterns and outcomes of subsequent therapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation in HCC
Authors: Sharma Rohini , Pillai Anjana , Marron Thomas Urban , Fessas Petros , Saeed Anwaar , Jun Tomi , Dharmapuri Sirish , Szafron David , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Gampa Anuhya , Wang Yinghong , Khan Uqba , Muzaffar Mahvish , Lee Chieh‐Ju , Lee Pei‐Chang , Bulumulle Anushi , Paul Sonal , Bettinger Dominic , Hildebrand Hannah , Yehia Mohammed , Pressiani Tiziana , Kaseb Ahmed , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Ang Celina , Kudo Masatoshi , Nishida Naoshi , Personeni Nicola , Rimassa Lorenza , Pinato David James 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the management of advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has changed the treatment paradigm. There are emerging questions regarding the efficacy of subsequent anticancer therapies. The primary aim of this retrospective, multicenter study was to examine the types of anticancer treatment received after ICIs and to assess the impact on post‐ICI survival. We established an international consortium of 11 tertiary‐care referral centers located in the USA (n = 249), Europe (n = 74), and Asia (n = 97), and described patterns of care following ICI therapy. The impact of subsequent therapy on overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 420 patients were treated with ICIs for advanced HCC after one line of systemic therapy (n = 371, 88.8%): 31 (8.8%) had died, 152 (36.2%) received best supportive care (BSC) following ICIs, and 163 patients (38.8%) received subsequent anticancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs, n = 132, 80.9%), in particular sorafenib (n = 49, 30.0%), were the most common post‐ICI therapy followed by external beam radiotherapy (n = 28, 17.2%), further immunotherapy (n = 21, 12.9%), locoregional therapy (n = 23, 14.1%), chemotherapy (n = 9, 5.5%), and surgery (n = 6, 3.6%). Receipt of post‐ICI therapy was associated with longer median OS compared with those who had received BSC (12.1 vs. 3.3 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.4 (95% CI: 2.7–5.0). No difference in OS was noted in those patients who received TKI before ICIs compared with those who received ICIs followed by TKI. Conclusion: Post‐ICI therapy is associated with OS in excess of 12 months, suggesting a role for therapeutic sequencing. OS from TKI therapy was similar to that reported in registration studies, suggesting preserved efficacy following ICIs.
Serum Mac‐2 binding protein level predicts the development of liver‐related events and colorectal cancer in patients with NAFLD
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiro , Nakahara Takashi , Munekage Kensuke , Fujii Hideki , Sawai Yoshiyuki , Doi Yoshinori , Ono Masafumi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Sumida Yoshio , Morishita Koichi , Asuka Tatsuya , Ouchida Tsunenori , Imai Yasuharu , Miyoshi Eiji ,   Japan Study Group of NAFLD
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Mac‐2 binding protein (M2BP) is a useful biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly NAFLD fibrosis prediction. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of M2BP in patients with NAFLD. A total of 506 patients with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD from 2002 to 2013 were enrolled in this study in Japan. Three hundred fifty‐three of these patients with NAFLD were available for follow‐up for more than 100 days and showed no liver‐related events at the time of entry. Liver‐related events were defined as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation, and gastroesophageal varices with variceal treatment. The mean follow‐up duration of all the subjects was 2716 ± 1621 days (102–7483 days). Eighteen patients developed new liver‐related events (HCC, 8; decompensation, 11; varices, 8). Nine patients developed cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 24 patients developed new cancers in other organs. The median serum M2BP level was 1.603 μg/mL, and we divided our cohort into two groups according to the serum M2BP level: M2BP low group (M2BP Low) and M2BP high group (M2BP Hi). The incidence of HCC was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 8) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). The incidence of liver‐related events was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 16) than in M2BP Low (n = 2). The incidences of death, CVD events, and cancer in other organs were not different between the groups. Interestingly, the incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 5) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). Conclusion: M2BP is a useful biomarker to predict liver‐related events, particularly HCC. Additionally, M2BP is a potential predictive biomarker of colorectal cancer development.
Targeting MYC and BCL2 by a natural compound for “double‐hit” lymphoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Xu Senlin , Zhang Jiawei , Fan Mingjie , Xie Jun , Zhang Bingfeng , Li Hongzhi , Yu Guohua , Liu Yinghui , Zhang Yuanfeng , Song Joo , Horne David , Chan Wing C. , Chu Xiaoxia , Huang Wendong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConcurrent translocations of MYC and BCL2 lead to abnormal expression of both oncoproteins, which contribute to the aggressive clinical characteristics of double‐hit lymphoma (DHL). An effective therapy for DHL remains an unmet clinical need. In this study, we showed that both Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II δ (CAMKIIδ) and γ (CAMKIIγ) were highly expressed in DHL. Both isoforms of CAMKII stabilize c‐Myc protein by phosphorylating it at Ser62, increase BCL2 expression, and promote DHL tumor growth. Inhibition of CAMKIIδ and CAMKIIγ by either berbamine (BBM) or one of its derivatives (PA4) led to the down regulation of c‐Myc and BCL2 proteins. BBM/PA4 also exhibited anti‐tumor efficacy in DHL cell lines and NSG xenograft models. Altogether, CAMKIIδ and CAMKIIγ appear to be critical for DHL tumor development and are promising therapeutic targets for DHL.
Dioscin exhibits protective effects on in vivo and in vitro asthma models via suppressing TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and AKT pathways
Authors: Shang Qian , Zhu Li , Shang Weina , Zeng Jia , Qi Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDioscin is a natural product that possesses protective effects on multiple chronic injuries, but its effects on asthma are not fully understood. Herein, we evaluated its effects on asthmatic mice established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges and further explored the mechanism. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed using Diff‐Quik staining. OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG1 in serum and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 4[IL‐4], IL‐5, IL‐13, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) in BALFs and lung tissues were measured using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and immunohistochemistry staining showed histopathological changes in lung tissues. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Hydroxyproline content was used to evaluate collagen deposition. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to measure messenger RNA and protein expression. We found that dioscin treatment (particularly at the dose of 80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic mice, as evidenced by the decreased serum OVA‐specific IgE/IgG1 and the reduced inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALFs and lung tissues. Moreover, dioscin effectively ameliorated the goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hyperplasia in the airways of asthmatic mice. Mechanistically, dioscin restrained the activated TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathways in lung tissues and potently reversed the TGF‐β1‐induced EMT and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and AKT in 16HBE cells. Collectively, dioscin displayed protective effects on OVA‐induced asthmatic mice via adjusting TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and AKT signal pathways, supporting the fact that dioscin could be a candidate for chronic asthma prevention in the future.
The quest for a bidirectional auxetic, elastic, and enhanced fracture toughness material: Revisiting the mechanical properties of the BeH2 monolayers
Authors: Morin‐Martinez Armando A. , Arcudia Jessica , Zarate Ximena , Cifuentes‐Quintal Miguel Eduardo , Merino Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein we show a density functional theory‐based study performed on two recently predicted polymorphs of the BeH2 monolayer, α‐BeH2 and β‐BeH2. The α‐BeH2 phase possesses an in‐plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), introducing it into the unique group of auxetic materials. Our assessment delves into the linear‐elastic and finite‐strain regimes to understand both polymorphs' structural and mechanical responses to deformation. We find that the in‐plane NPR is shown to be only parallel to the bonds in α‐BeH2 and remains along the uniaxial tensile path. Concomitantly, an out‐of‐plane transition toward auxetic is also revealed in regions exhibiting conventional Poisson's ratios, making α‐BeH2 a bidirectionally auxetic material. While phase transitions in β‐BeH2 are triggered at very short strains, α‐BeH2 displays excellent elasticity against tension, superior to that of most currently known 2D materials.
Circular RNA mitochondrial translation optimization 1 correlates with less lymph node metastasis, longer disease‐free survival, and higher chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Chang Cheng , Zheng Anrui , Wang Pinfa , Teng Xiaojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveCircular‐mitochondrial translation optimization 1 (circ‐MTO1) inhibits the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the growth, apoptosis, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its clinical potential as a biomarker for gastric cancer remains to be further evaluated. This study aimed to assess circ‐MTO1 expression and its correlation with clinical features and prognosis in gastric cancer patients, as well as the effect of circ‐MTO1 on the sensitivity to chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells.MethodsCirc‐MTO1 in tumor and adjacent tissues of 97 gastric cancer patients undergoing resection was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HGC‐27 and NCI‐N87 cells transfected by circ‐MOT1 overexpression plasmid (OE‐circ‐MOT1) and negative control (OE‐NC) were treated with 0‒6.4 μM oxaliplatin. Relative cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit‐8.ResultsCirc‐MTO1 was insufficiently expressed in gastric tumor tissue (median (interquartile range): 0.403 (0.288‒0.518)) compared with adjacent tissue (median (interquartile range): 1.000 (0.715‒1.524)) (p < 0.001). Besides, tumor circ‐MTO1 was correlated with less lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014) and low TNM stage (p = 0.039), while was not correlated with demographic features or other clinical characteristics (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, tumor circ‐MTO1 high expression was independently correlated with prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.013, adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidential interval): 0.314 (0.126‒0.782)), but was not correlated with overall survival (p > 0.05). Lastly, in gastric cancer cells, OE‐circ‐MTO1 apparently decreased relative cell viabilities at oxaliplatin concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 μM (all p < 0.05).ConclusionCirc‐MTO1 correlates with less lymph node metastasis, prolonged DFS, and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer.
The impact of sarcopenia on short‐term and long‐term mortality in patients with septic shock
Authors: Oh Hyung Jung , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Hye Rim , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon‐Sup , Song Young Goo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite medical advances, septic shock remains one of the main causes of high mortality in critically ill patients. Although sarcopenia is considered a predictor of mortality in septic shock patients, most studies have only investigated short‐term mortality, and those on long‐term prognosis are limited. We investigated the impact of sarcopenia on long‐term mortality in a large patient population with septic shock.MethodsA retrospective cohort study comprising 905 patients with septic shock was conducted from 2008 to 2019. Sarcopenia was defined based on the measurement of the total abdominal muscle area, assessed using abdominal computed tomography scans. Thereafter, we stratified the patients into two groups—sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups—and compared the impact of sarcopenia on short‐term (28 days) and long‐term (1 year and overall) mortality using multivariable Cox proportional analysis.ResultsA total of 905 patients were included, and the mean age was 65.7 ± 15.1 years. Among them, 430 (47.5%) patients were male and 407 (45.0%) had sarcopenia. We found that the 28 day, 1 year, and overall mortality rates in the sarcopenia group were significantly higher than those in the non‐sarcopenia group (13.8% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001; 41.8% vs. 21.7%, P < 0.001; 62.2% vs. 35.7%, P < 0.001, respectively). Univariable Cox analysis showed that the sarcopenia group had a significant association with the increase in each mortalities compared with the non‐sarcopenia group (28 day mortality, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.230, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.444–3.442], P < 0.001; 1 year mortality, HR = 2.189, 95% CI [1.720, 2.787], P < 0.001; overall mortality, HR = 2.254, 95% CI [1.859, 2.734], P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that both the short‐term and long‐term mortality rates remained significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non‐sarcopenia group, even after adjusting for confounding variables (28 day mortality, HR = 2.116, 95% CI [1.312, 3.412], P = 0.002; 1 year mortality, HR = 1.679, 95% CI [1.291, 2.182], P < 0.001; overall mortality, HR = 1.704, 95% CI [1.381, 2.102], P < 0.001).ConclusionsSarcopenia was associated with both short‐term and long‐term mortality in patients with septic shock. In clinical settings, close attention should be paid to these patients for both short‐term and long‐term outcomes.
Effects of prenatal exposure to fluoxetine on circadian rhythmicity in the locomotor activity and neuropeptide Y and 5‐HT expression in male and female adult Wistar rats
Authors: Linhares Sara Sophia Guedes , Meurer Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues , Aquino Antonio , Câmara Diego Aquino , Brandão Luiz Eduardo Mateus , Dierschnabel Aline Lima , Fiuza Felipe Porto , Lima Ramon Hypólito , Engelberth Rovena Clara , Cavalcante Jeferson Souza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, are the most prescribed antidepressant for maternal depression. In this sense, it exposes mothers and the brains of infants to increased modulatory and trophic effects of serotonergic neurotransmission. 5‐HT promotes essential brain changes throughout its development, which include neuron migration, differentiation and organisation of neural circuitries related to emotional, cognitive and circadian behavior. Early exposure to the SSRIs induces long‐term effects on behavioral and neural serotonergic signalisation. We have aimed to evaluate the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and the neurochemical content, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 5‐HT in three brain areas: intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and raphe nuclei (RN), at two zeitgebers (ZT6 and ZT18), in male and female rat's offspring early exposed (developmental period GD13‐GD21) to fluoxetine (20 mg/kg). First, we have conducted daily records of the locomotor activity rhythm using activity sensors coupled to individual cages over 4 weeks. We have lastly evaluated the immunoreactivity of NPY in both SCN and IGL, as well the 5‐HT expression in the dorsal and medial RN. In summary, our results showed that (1) prenatal fluoxetine affects phase entrainment of the rest/activity rhythm at ZT6 and ZT18, more in male than female specimens, and (2) modulates the NPY and 5‐HT expression. Here, we show male rats are more susceptible to phase entrainment and the NPY and 5‐HT misexpression compared to female ones. The sex differences induced by early exposure to fluoxetine in both the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and the neurochemical expression into SCN, IGL and midbrain raphe are an important highlight in the present work. Thus, our results may help to improve the knowledge on neurobiological mechanisms of circadian rhythms and are relevant to understanding the “broken brains” and behavioral abnormalities of offspring early exposed to antidepressants.
Attitudes and training needs of oncologists and surgeons in mainstreaming breast cancer genetic counseling in a low‐to‐middle income Asian country
Authors: Lee Yong‐Quan , Yoon Sook‐Yee , Hassan Tiara , Padmanabhan Heamanthaa , Yip Cheng‐Har , Keng Wee‐Teik , Thong Meow‐Keong , Ahmad Annuar Muhammad Azrif , Mohd Taib Nur Aishah , Teo Soo‐Hwang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the advent of poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapies, the focus of genetic testing for breast, ovarian, and other cancers has shifted from risk management to treatment decision‐making in high‐resource settings. Due to the shortage of genetic counselors worldwide, alternative ways of delivering genetic counseling have been explored, including training nongenetics healthcare professionals (NGHPs) to provide genetic counseling. However, little is known about the feasibility of adopting such models in healthcare settings with insufficient specialists, where population health literacy is low and where access to new therapies may be limited. In this study, we evaluated the attitudes, considerations, and self‐efficacy of oncologists, breast surgeons, and general surgeons in mainstreaming breast cancer genetic counseling in Malaysia, a middle‐income Asian country with a universal healthcare system. We developed a 32‐item survey via a modified Delphi method, which was then distributed via a purposive and network sampling approach. While 77% of respondents expressed interest in providing breast cancer genetic counseling, 85% preferred to refer patients directly to genetic services for genetic counseling and testing. The main considerations for mainstreaming were the cost of genetic testing and PARPi therapy, as well as the availability of support from genetics professionals. Respondents reported a lack of confidence in communicating genetic risk, particularly to patients with poor health literacy, and in the clinical management of patients with variants of uncertain significance. Our results highlight the urgent need to train more NGHPs in providing genetic counseling and testing in low‐to‐middle income countries, and suggest that the mainstay for genetic counseling in this setting may be for risk management rather than access to PARPi therapy.