bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating morphological diversity in reptilian temporal skull region: A review of potential developmental mechanisms
Authors: Tokita Masayoshi , Sato Hiromu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReptilian skull morphology is highly diverse and broadly categorized into three categories based on the number and position of the temporal fenestrations: anapsid, synapsid, and diapsid. According to recent phylogenetic analysis, temporal fenestrations evolved twice independently in amniotes, once in Synapsida and once in Diapsida. Although functional aspects underlying the evolution of tetrapod temporal fenestrations have been well investigated, few studies have investigated the developmental mechanisms responsible for differences in the pattern of temporal skull region. To determine what these mechanisms might be, we first examined how the five temporal bones develop by comparing embryonic cranial osteogenesis between representative extant reptilian species. The pattern of temporal skull region may depend on differences in temporal bone growth rate and growth direction during ontogeny. Next, we compared the histogenesis patterns and the expression of two key osteogenic genes, Runx2 and Msx2, in the temporal region of the representative reptilian embryos. Our comparative analyses suggest that the embryonic histological condition of the domain where temporal fenestrations would form predicts temporal skull morphology in adults and regulatory modifications of Runx2 and Msx2 expression in osteogenic mesenchymal precursor cells are likely involved in generating morphological diversity in the temporal skull region of reptiles.
Faster accumulation and greater contribution of glomalin to the soil organic carbon pool than amino sugars do under tropical coastal forest restoration
Authors: Li Tengteng , Yuan Ye , Mou Zhijian , Li Yue , Kuang Luhui , Zhang Jing , Wu Wenjia , Wang Faming , Wang Jun , Lambers Hans , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Ren Hai , Liu Zhanfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial metabolic products play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality, such as soil physical structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation. Afforestation is an effective strategy to restore degraded land. Glomalin‐related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars are regarded as stable microbial‐derived C, and their distribution within soil aggregates affects soil structure stability and SOC sequestration. However, the information about how afforestation affects the microbial contribution to SOC pools within aggregates is poorly understood. We assessed the accumulation and contribution of GRSP and amino sugars within soil aggregates along a restoration chronosequence (Bare land, Eucalyptus exserta plantation, native species mixed forest, and native forest) in tropical coastal terraces. Amino sugars and GRSP concentrations increased, whereas their contributions to the SOC pool decreased along the restoration chronosequence. Although microaggregates harbored greater microbial abundances, amino sugars and GRSP concentrations were not significantly affected by aggregate sizes. Interestingly, the contributions of amino sugars and GRSP to SOC pools decreased with decreasing aggregate size which might be associated with increased accumulation of plant‐derived C. However, the relative change rate of GRSP was consistently greater in all restoration chronosequences than that of amino sugars. The accumulation of GRSP and amino sugars in SOC pools was closely associated with the dynamics of soil fertility and the microbial community. Our findings suggest that GRSP accumulates faster and contributes more to SOC pools during restoration than amino sugars did which was greatly affected by aggregate sizes. Afforestation substantially enhanced soil quality with native forest comprising species sequestering more SOC than the monoculture plantation did. Such information is invaluable for improving our mechanistic understanding of microbial control over SOC preservation during degraded ecosystem restoration. Our findings also show that plantations using arbuscular mycorrhizal plants can be an effective practice to sequester more soil carbon during restoration.
The response of alfalfa cultivars to mobile aluminum toxicity
Authors: Liatukienė Aurelija , Skuodienė Regina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a perennial forage grass is widely adapted to favorable environmental conditions with wide range of soils including acid soils. The productivity traits of alfalfa in the soil without and with 1.8–14.7 mgAl/kg concentration of mobile Al were investigated. The study site was conducted at the Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 55°70 N lat., 21°49 E long. The experiment featuring 19 cultivars was established on a Balthygleyic Dystric Retisol in 2018. In 2019 and 2020, the productivity traits were evaluated: spring regrowth, plant height before flowering, stem number, seed yield, and fresh and dry matter yield. The mobile Al negatively influenced productivity traits of alfalfa in 2019 and 2020. Several cultivars of alfalfa were distinguished by tolerance to mobile Al and will be used for further selection for breeding. In 2020, the cultivar Europe from France was distinguished by spring regrowth, number of stems and fresh matter yield in the soil with mobile Al. The cultivar Ludelis from France differed by spring regrowth and height before flowering time in the soil with mobile Al in 2019–2020. The cultivar Skriveru from Latvia was the most yielding by seed yield in the soil without and with mobile Al in 2019. The Lithuanian cultivar Antanė was yielding by dry matter yield in the soil with and without mobile Al in 2019. The cultivar Žydrūnė from Lithuania was yielding by fresh and dry matter yield in the soil with and without mobile Al in 2020. This study on acid soils with and without mobile Al concentrations has revealed the differences of productivity traits under different environmental conditions of experimental years. Results of this study are important not only for Lithuania but also for the other lands of Europe where Retisol are prevails.
Deepening and widening the gap: The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gender and racial inequalities in Brazil
Authors: Alloatti Magali Natalia , Matos de Oliveira Ana Luíza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShaped by inconsistent policy decisions, the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil has made structural gender and racial inequalities more acute. Black and low‐income women are overburdened with unpaid domestic work, increased domestic violence, and more vulnerable due to informal and exploitative working regimes. These structural aspects are intensifying, since the pandemic has broadened inequalities at the intersection of gender, race, labor market, and social class. We examine pre‐ and during pandemic inequalities on three dimensions: (a) unpaid domestic and care work, (b) women's labor market participation, and (c) domestic violence. We link the care diamond model and racial stratification forwarding a feminist perspective by examining how the interlocking of race and gender in Brazil renders different socioeconomic dynamics to the detriment of Black and low‐income women. Based on this evidence, we stress that a more equal future requires a better social protection and policies targeting the articulation of gender, race, and class.
A Design Tool for Solar Thermal Remediation Using Borehole Heat Exchangers
Authors: Ornelles Adam D. , Falta Ronald W. , Divine Craig E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLow temperature heating of the subsurface (increases of about 5–20 °C) can substantially increase rates of biotic and abiotic destruction of dissolved contaminants such as chlorinated solvents. Low‐temperature heating can be sustainably and cost‐effectively achieved using solar thermal collectors coupled with closed‐loop borehole heat exchangers. This technology has been implemented at several sites in the United States and abroad with favorable results. The design of a solar thermal remediation system requires a quantitative understanding of heat transfer from the array of borehole heat exchangers. We present an easy‐to‐use design tool that is based on a transient three‐dimensional analytical heat transfer solution and is programmed in Visual Basic in Excel. This tool can be used to quickly explore the effect of design variables on the forecast temperature field. Typical design variables would include the site‐specific average and monthly solar insolation data, solar collector configuration, borehole heat exchanger geometry and spacing, and the effects of environmental variables such as groundwater velocity, background subsurface temperature, and thermal conductivity. The design tool has been verified by comparisons with the TOUGH2 multiphase heat transfer code for a three‐dimensional multi‐heater system with seasonally variable thermal power rates. The code has been validated by comparisons to observed temperatures measured at a solar thermal field remediation application at a site in Colorado.
Emissions of Trichloroethylene from Bedroom Furniture Set as a Source of Indoor Air Contamination
Authors: Bingham Q.G. , Lutes C. , Grand R. , Quadri S. , Dollhopf R. , Posavatz N. , Birkett E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShallow trichloroethene (TCE) groundwater and soil contamination associated with a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Superfund Site in Michigan resulted in a vapor intrusion (VI) investigation of overlying condominium units. Units with data suggesting a complete VI pathway received subslab depressurization systems (SSDs). Performance monitoring following the installation of an SSD at one unit indicated that the indoor air TCE concentrations remained elevated, despite pressure field extension tests that showed the system should effectively reduce VI from soil gas. Therefore, a cost‐efficient and incremental investigation was launched to identify other potential source(s) of TCE using a field‐portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GS/MS). The combination of room‐by‐room air sampling, potential VI entry point sampling, and emission tests of potential sources were used, which resulted in successfully identifying a bedroom furniture set as an indoor source of TCE for the unit. Although many common household products are recognized as indoor sources of TCE, emissions from finished furniture products have not been widely discussed in the VI literature. The findings of this study indicate that off gassing from furniture can lead to TCE concentrations in indoor air that exceed regulatory guidelines.
Dry grassland within the urban matrix acts as favourable habitat for different pollinators including endangered species
Authors: Grossmann Anita Judit , Herrmann Johann , Buchholz Sascha , Gathof Anika Kristin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study highlights the potential of urban dry grasslands for diverse pollinator communities of wild bees and hoverflies, including rare and endangered species.
By using pan trap sampling on 49 study sites distributed across the urban environment, responses of wild bee and hoverfly communities to urban features at two spatial scales (urban matrix and local habitat) were examined.
A total of 1246 hoverfly individuals (Syrphidae) from 31 species and 1463 bee individuals (Apoidea) from 107 species were collected. Our analysis showed that hoverflies are impacted by urban matrix features and local floral resources, whereas wild bees only respond to patch size at the local habitat scale and endangered wild bee species additionally to non‐native pollinator‐friendly plants.
Given the different responses of wild bees and hoverflies to the urban environment, we recommend multi‐taxon approaches for urban conservation practice. Urban dry grasslands and the diversity of pollinator‐friendly plants, including non‐native species, should be conserved and promoted to support urban pollinator diversity.
Tribological behaviors of B4C–SiC composites self‐mated pairs in seawater and pure water
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Xuantong , Hao Wenhui , Zhu Chaolong , Li Xiuqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the tribological behaviors of B4C–SiC composites self‐mated pairs in seawater and pure water were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the B4C–SiC composite with the content of 20%SiC has good mechanical properties. For the B4C–20%SiC self‐mated pair in seawater, the abrasive wear is greatly weakened, and the tribo‐chemical reactions between the composite surface and water molecules occurred. The tribo‐chemical polishing causes very smooth wear surfaces, and the sliding pairs enter to the status of liquid lubrication. An extremely low friction coefficient (0.038) and wear rate (both below the order of magnitude 10−5 mm3/N m) were obtained in this study. Due to the lower viscosity of pure water, the load carrying capacity of the liquid film reduces. So, in pure water, the sliding pair shows slightly higher friction coefficient and wear rate than that in seawater.
Digital health platforms expand access and improve care for male androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Young Peter C. , Mahajan Chetan , Shapiro Jerry , Tosti Antonella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDigital health solutions, specifically direct‐to‐consumer platforms, have been touted to make care accessible and convenient for patients. The aim of this article is to evaluate patients' reported reasons for choosing a platform for the treatment of hair loss and their experience. This platform (Keeps) is focused exclusively on the treatment of male pattern hair loss (MPHL) with approved medications such as oral finasteride and topical minoxidil.MethodsIn order to evaluate patients' motivations to choose the platform and their experience, we administered two distinct questionnaires, with a total of 8983 respondents.ResultsThe results showed that patients on the platform report positive health outcomes at approximately 6 months, as 81% of respondents report hair regrowth or cessation of hair loss, and 91% never or rarely miss their medication. Additionally, the platform is expanding the market through education and awareness, as nearly 1 in 3 new patients, mostly in their 20s and early 30s, had never considered treating their hair loss before learning about this virtual care model.ConclusionSuch a model provides further insights into how digitally enabled care focused on a chronic condition, backed by quality and evidence‐based initiatives, can expand access and improve care for androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
Understanding dark side personality at work: Distinguishing and reviewing nonlinear, interactive, differential, and reciprocal effects
Authors: Wille Bart , Heyde Fien , Vergauwe Jasmine , De Fruyt Filip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe topic of dark side personality at work has received considerable research attention over the past decade, and both qualitative and quantitative reviews of this field have already been published. To show the relevance of dark personality in the work context, existing reviews have typically focused on systematically discussing the different criteria that have been linked to dark traits (e.g., job performance, work attitudes, leadership emergence, etc.). In contrast, and complementing this earlier work, the current review paper summarizes the available literature on this topic by structuring it in terms of the nature of the relationships studied rather than in terms of the types of outcome variables. Doing so, the focus shifts from “What are the outcomes of dark traits?” to “How are dark traits related to work outcomes?” Scrutinizing the nature of these relationships, we specifically focus on four types of effects (i.e., nonlinear, interactive, differential, and reciprocal) that highlight the complexity of how dark side traits operate in the work context. Structured this way, this review first provides a conceptual underpinning of each of these complex effects, followed by a summary of the empirical literature published over the past 10 years. To conclude, we present an integration of this field, provide suggestions for future research, and highlight concrete assessment challenges.
Quantile price convergence and spillover effects among Bitcoin, Fintech, and artificial intelligence stocks
Authors: Abakah Emmanuel Joel Aikins , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Lee Chi‐Chuan , Ntow‐Gyamfi Matthew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research explores the distributional and directional predictabilities among Fintech, Bitcoin, and artificial intelligence stocks from March 2018 to January 2021 using nonparametric causality‐in‐quantile and crossquantilogram approaches. We also examine connectedness across the assets using a quantile VAR approach. The results indicate the existence of bidirectional causality‐in‐variance between the variables in a normal market. We also find that directional predictability among the assets is oscillatory over time lags. Finally, we observe a strong price connectedness for highly positive and negative changes. These results further document the diversification potential and safe‐haven properties of technology‐related assets for portfolio investors.
The real effects of local mutual funds: Evidence from corporate innovation
Authors: Hwang Hyoseok (David) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the proximity between mutual funds and firms could explain corporate innovation. I find that local mutual funds tend to increase firms' R&D expenditures and productivity. Firms with greater local ownership produce more patents and patents with bigger impact. The positive relations are more pronounced for firms with low information quality and poor corporate governance. Further, local funds with more innovative firms outperform the ones with less innovative firms. Finally, firms with higher local ownership are less likely to fire CEOs who engage in innovation, which incentivizes CEOs for risky investments.
Predicting initial dissolution rates using structural features from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lu Xiaonan , Deng Lu , Gin Stéphane , Parruzot Benjamin , Reiser Joelle T. , Ryan Joseph V. , Vienna John D. , Du Jincheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPredicting the chemical durability of glass materials is important for various applications from daily life such as cell phone screens and kitchenware to advanced technologies such as nuclear waste disposal and biomedicine. In this work, we explored the prediction of the initial glass dissolution rates using structural features from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a series of glass compositions (total 28), including ZrO2‐ and V2O5‐containing boroaluminosilicate, borosilicate, and aluminosilicate glasses. The initial dissolution rates (r0) measured experimentally at 90°C with varying solution conditions were correlated with structural features (e.g., polyhedral linkages and non‐bridging oxygen species) obtained from MD simulations, either from this study or from literature. As hydrolysis of the glass network through breaking of the network former linkages (e.g., Si–O–Si, Si–O–Al, etc.) is a critical step of network glass dissolution, the statistics of these linkages obtained from MD were also correlated to r0 through linear regression, where the coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square error are found to be 0.949 and 0.681, respectively. This model was compared and discussed with existing models developed by various approaches, including machine learning, the kinetic rate equation, topological constraint theory, and other descriptors from MD simulations. The discussion provides insights on future model improvements to predict glass dissolution. In addition, as the effect of V2O5 on glass dissolution was not well studied comparing to ZrO2, the impact of V2O5 was emphasized in this paper, suggesting that the impact is not the same across all glass compositions and test conditions.
Evaluation of risk in chronic cutaneous inflammatory conditions for malignant transformation
Authors: Ju Teresa , Hernandez Loren , Mohsin Noreen , Labib Angelina , Frech Fabio , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSkin carcinomas are the most common form of cancer, and every year thousands of people die from skin cancer‐related malignancies. Chronic inflammation is linked to the development and progression of cancer in multiple organ systems – about 20% of all human cancers are a result of chronic inflammation – skin included. While acute inflammation under normal circumstances is a mechanism for host defence and tissue regeneration following insult by trauma or infection by pathogens, over the long term it can drive oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells and promote cancer development, growth and metastasis. Therefore, inflammatory conditions may put individuals at a higher risk to developing skin malignancies. Many skin conditions are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes. These conditions may be particularly susceptible to malignant transformation and predispose patients to develop skin malignancies. As more pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory skin conditions is unveiled, we find that many of these conditions are characterized by immune dysregulation and signalling that result in chronic activation and upregulation of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, leading to downstream processes that further exacerbate inflammatory processes and cause abnormal cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we review the major chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases that may have an increased risk of skin malignancies, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, hidradenitis suppurativa, prurigo nodularis, lichen sclerosus, systemic sclerosis and morphea, chronic leg ulcers, seborrheic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma. We evaluate the evidence for increased incidence and prevalence, the risk factors associated, the populations at heightened risk and the best management practices.