bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chart Question Answering: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Hoque E. , Kavehzadeh P. , Masry A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation visualizations such as bar charts and line charts are very common for analyzing data and discovering critical insights. Often people analyze charts to answer questions that they have in mind. Answering such questions can be challenging as they often require a significant amount of perceptual and cognitive effort. Chart Question Answering (CQA) systems typically take a chart and a natural language question as input and automatically generate the answer to facilitate visual data analysis. Over the last few years, there has been a growing body of literature on the task of CQA. In this survey, we systematically review the current state‐of‐the‐art research focusing on the problem of chart question answering. We provide a taxonomy by identifying several important dimensions of the problem domain including possible inputs and outputs of the task and discuss the advantages and limitations of proposed solutions. We then summarize various evaluation techniques used in the surveyed papers. Finally, we outline the open challenges and future research opportunities related to chart question answering.
A Survey of Visualization and Analysis in High‐Resolution Connectomics
Authors: Beyer Johanna , Troidl Jakob , Boorboor Saeed , Hadwiger Markus , Kaufman Arie , Pfister Hanspeter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe field of connectomics aims to reconstruct the wiring diagram of Neurons and synapses to enable new insights into the workings of the brain. Reconstructing and analyzing the Neuronal connectivity, however, relies on many individual steps, starting from high‐resolution data acquisition to automated segmentation, proofreading, interactive data exploration, and circuit analysis. All of these steps have to handle large and complex datasets and rely on or benefit from integrated visualization methods. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we describe visualization methods that can be applied throughout the connectomics pipeline, from data acquisition to circuit analysis. We first define the different steps of the pipeline and focus on how visualization is currently integrated into these steps. We also survey open science initiatives in connectomics, including usable open‐source tools and publicly available datasets. Finally, we discuss open challenges and possible future directions of this exciting research field.
Education of Afghan refugee children in Iran: A structured review of policies
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Naseh Mitra , Rafieifar Maryam , Ilea Passion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIran has been among the top ten largest refugee‐host countries worldwide, sheltering one of the largest groups of forced migrants from Afghanistan during the past four decades. This policy paper briefly examines and summarizes the policies related to education of Afghan children in Iran through a structured review. The results of this review suggest that higher education has been and continues to be heavily restricted for Afghans. While access to primary education has improved for Afghans in Iran, policies continue to neglect both cultural specificity and unique needs of this group. Therefore, enrolment has remained restricted. The findings of our policy analysis call for further attention to culturally relevant education, financial assistance for families living in poverty and interventions to subsidize the cost of education to ensure access of all Afghan children to primary education and retain enrolment. Results also call for reconsiderations in restrictive higher education policies for Afghans in Iran.
‘It Makes You Sit Back and Think Where You Wanna Go’: Veteran experiences in virtual whole health peer‐led groups
Authors: Anderson Ekaterina , Dvorin Kelly , Etingen Bella , Barker Anna M. , Rai Zenith , Herbst Abigail N. , Mozer Reagan , Kingston Rodger P. , Bokhour Barbara G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is building a Whole Health system of care that aspires to empower and equip each Veteran to pursue a personally meaningful vision of health and well‐being. As part of this effort, VHA has developed Taking Charge of My Life and Health (TCMLH), a peer‐led, group‐based programme that seeks to support Veterans in setting and pursuing health and well‐being goals. Prior research showed TCMLH groups to positively impact Veteran outcomes; yet, little is known about Veterans' own experiences and perspectives.MethodsWe completed semi‐structured telephone interviews with 15 Veterans across 8 sites who had participated in TCMLH groups offered by the VHA in the virtual format between Summer 2020 and Fall 2021. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to interview transcripts to generate themes.FindingsWe identified five themes regarding Veterans' experiences with TCMLH: (1) navigating the virtual format; (2) internalizing the value of health engagement; (3) making healthy lifestyle changes; (4) forging social connections; and (5) taking on a more active role in healthcare.ConclusionVeterans perceived virtual TCMLH groups as meaningful and beneficial, yet also highlighted several challenges. Their perspectives speak to the need to supplement time‐limited programmes like TCMLH with ongoing, community‐based support. Virtual group‐based well‐being programmes are a promising innovation. Other healthcare systems may draw on VHA's experience while tailoring format and content to the needs of their patient populations.Patient or Public ContributionVeterans were involved as evaluation participants. A Veteran consultant, who is a coauthor on this paper, was engaged through the conceptualization of the evaluation, development of data collection materials (interview guide) and writing.
Characterisation of industrial potato waste for suitability in food applications
Authors: Singh Lovepreet , Kaur Sukhpreet , Aggarwal Poonam , Kaur Navjot 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe present study aimed at exploring different properties of industrial potato waste for their possible utilisation in various food formulations as a functional ingredient. Potato waste (potato peel and mash) was processed into powders and studied for various biochemical, technological, and morphological characteristics. Analysis of potato mash powder exhibited high techno‐functional potential as water absorption capacity (4.11 g/g) and swelling capacity (4.84 cm3/g) while peel powder showed high crude fibre (13.05%), protein (13.15%), and mineral content along with bio‐functional attributes (834.24 mg GAE/100 g total phenolics and 247.18 mg QE/100 g flavonoids) which were further verified using HPLC and FTIR analysis. Colour coordinates showed darker colour of potato peel compared to mash powder. SEM micrographs of PMP revealed the presence of native starch granules while the presence of cellulose structure was confirmed in peel powder. Storage studies of waste powders revealed shelf stability of 6 months, indicating their high potential for valorisation.
High density of CD8 T cell and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets are associated with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
Authors: Fernandes Darcy , Barbeiro Camila de Oliveira , Palaçon Mariana Paravani , Biancardi Mariel Ruivo , Ferrisse Túlio Morandin , Silveira Heitor Albergoni , Castilho Rogerio Moraes , de Almeida Luciana Yamamoto , Leon Jorge Esquiche , Bufalino Andreia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that microscopically show no or varying degrees of dysplasia. Even sharing clinical and microscopic aspects, PVL shows a more aggressive clinical behaviour, with a malignant transformation rate greater than 40%. Inflammatory infiltrate associated with dysplastic lesions may favour malignant transformation of OPMDs. This study aimed to evaluate the density of T cells and cytokines in dysplastic lesions from OL and PVL patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether soluble products produced in vitro by dysplastic keratinocytes are capable of modulating apoptosis rates and Th phenotype (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The density of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and chemokines profile from frozen tissue samples were analysed using the LUMINEX system. Apoptosis rates and Th phenotype modulation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed an increase in the number of CD8 T cell in the subepithelial region from PVL dysplastic lesions in relation to OL samples. PVL showed increased levels of IL‐5 and a decrease in IL‐1β and IFN‐γ levels compared to OL. Soluble products of PVL and oral carcinoma cell cultures were able to reduce apoptosis rate and promote an imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. The high‐subepithelial density of CD8 T cells and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVL and may explain its more aggressive behaviour in relation to OL.
Replication of a predictive model for youth ADHD in an independent sample from a developing country
Authors: Lorenzi Cezar H. , Teixeira Leffa Douglas , Bressan Rodrigo , Belangero Sintia , Gadelha Ary , Santoro Marcos L. , Salum Giovanni A. , Rohde Luis Augusto , Caye Arthur 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundVery few predictive models in Psychiatry had their performance validated in independent external samples. A previously developed multivariable demographic model for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) accurately predicted young adulthood ADHD using clinical and demographical information collected in childhood in three samples from developed countries, but failed to replicate its performance in a sample from a developing country. Furthermore, consolidated risk factors for ADHD were not included among its predictors.MethodsParticipants were 1905 children and adolescents from a community‐based sample and followed from ages 6 to 14 years at baseline to ages 14 to 23 years (mean age 18) at follow‐up. We applied the intercept and weights of the original model to the data, calculating the predicted probability of each participant according to the set of predictors collected in childhood, and compared the estimates with the actual outcome (ADHD) collected during adolescence and young adulthood. We explored the performance of the original model, and of models including novel predictors (prematurity, family history of ADHD, and polygenic risk score for ADHD).ResultsThe observed area under the curve of the original model was .76 (95% Confidence Interval .70 to .82). The multivariable demographical model outperformed single variable models using only prematurity, family history, or the ADHD PRS. Adding either of these variables, or all at once, did not improve the performance of the original demographical model.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the originally developed ADHD predictive model is suitable for use in different settings for clinical and research purposes.
The protective value of the colour and shape of the mountain katydid's antipredator defence
Authors: Riley Julia L. , Haff Tonya M. , Ryeland Julia , Drinkwater Eleanor , Umbers Kate D. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeimatic behaviour is performed by prey when attacked by predators as part of an antipredator strategy. The behaviour is part of a sequence that consists of several defences, for example they can be preceded by camouflage and followed by a hidden putatively aposematic signal that is only revealed when the deimatic behaviour is performed. When displaying their hidden signal, mountain katydids (Acripeza reticulata) hold their wings vertically, exposing striking red and black stripes with blue spots and oozing an alkaloid-rich chemical defence derived from its Senecio diet. Understanding differences and interactions between deimatism and aposematism has proven problematic, so in this study we isolated the putative aposematic signal of the mountain katydid's antipredator strategy to measure its survival value in the absence of their deimatic behaviour. We manipulated two aspects of the mountain katydid's signal, colour pattern and whole body shape during display. We deployed five kinds of clay models, one negative control and four katydid-like treatments, in 15 grids across part of the mountain katydid's distribution to test the hypothesis that their hidden signal is aposematic. If this hypothesis holds true, we expected that the models, which most closely resembled real katydids would be attacked the least. Instead, we found that models that most closely resembled real katydids were the most likely to be attacked. We suggest several ideas to explain these results, including that the deimatic phase of the katydid's display, the change from a camouflaged state to exposing its hidden signal, may have important protective value.AbstractDeimatic behavior is part of a sequence that consists of several defenses. For example, mountain katydids display a hidden antipredator signal by opening their wings and holding them vertically. This exposes red and black stripes with blue spots on their abdomen. In this study, we isolated the colour and shape aspects of the katydid’s antipredator display to measure its survival value in the absence of deimatic behavior. We deployed five types of clay models across part of the katydid’s distribution and found that models resembling real katydids were the most likely to be attacked. This may indicate that the deimatic phase of their display may have important protective value.
Parental leave‐taking and perceptions of workers as good parents
Authors: Petts Richard J. , Kaufman Gayle , Mize Trenton D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether parental leave‐taking affects perceptions of workers as good parents, and whether this relationship varies between mothers and fathers.BackgroundContemporary parenthood norms promote intensive parenting, but pressures to engage in intensive parenting are more pronounced for mothers than fathers. Paid parental leave policies have the potential to improve gender equality, but only if such policies help to change gendered parenting norms. We assess whether leave‐taking further entrenches gendered parenting norms within workplaces or promotes greater perceptions of good parenting among fathers.MethodWe use combined data on 3333 respondents from two survey experiments in which parental leave‐taking and parental gender were randomly assigned. This enables us to assess the causal effects of parental leave‐taking on perceptions of mothers and fathers as good parents.ResultsMothers and fathers in married, different‐sex partnerships are more likely to be viewed as good parents when they take longer periods of leave. Also, the positive effects of leave‐taking on perceptions of workers as good parents are stronger for fathers than for mothers—but only for short amounts of leave taken.ConclusionGreater access to, and use of, paid parental leave may enable more parents to be perceived as fulfilling contemporary parenting norms, and may especially increase the likelihood that fathers are viewed as good parents. As such, these policies may help to change gendered perceptions of parenting and promote greater gender equality.
Cophylogeny and specificity between cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) at Mo′orea and their symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
Authors: Johnston Erika C. , Cunning Ross , Burgess Scott C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe congruence between phylogenies of tightly associated groups of organisms (cophylogeny) reflects evolutionary links between ecologically important interactions. However, despite being a classic example of an obligate symbiosis, tests of cophylogeny between scleractinian corals and their photosynthetic algal symbionts have been hampered in the past because both corals and algae contain genetically unresolved and morphologically cryptic species. Here, we studied co‐occurring, cryptic Pocillopora species from Mo′orea, French Polynesia, that differ in their relative abundance across depth. We constructed new phylogenies of the host Pocillopora (using complete mitochondrial genomes, genomic loci, and thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms) and their Symbiodiniaceae symbionts (using ITS2 and psbAncr markers) and tested for cophylogeny. The analysis supported the presence of five Pocillopora species on the fore reef at Mo′orea that mostly hosted either Cladocopium latusorum or C. pacificum. Only Pocillopora species hosting C. latusorum also hosted taxa from Symbiodinium and Durusdinium. In general, the Cladocopium phylogeny mirrored the Pocillopora phylogeny. Within Cladocopium species, lineages also differed in their associations with Pocillopora haplotypes, except those showing evidence of nuclear introgression, and with depth in the two most common Pocillopora species. We also found evidence for a new Pocillopora species (haplotype 10), that has so far only been sampled from French Polynesia, that warrants formal identification. The linked phylogenies of these Pocillopora and Cladocopium species and lineages suggest that symbiont speciation is driven by niche diversification in the host, but there is still evidence for symbiont flexibility in some cases.
Subcellular localization of the enterobacterial common antigen GT‐E‐like glycosyltransferase, WecG
Authors: Maczuga Nicholas , Tran Elizabeth N. H. , Morona Renato 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnterobacterales have developed a specialized outer membrane polysaccharide (enterobacterial common antigen [ECA]). ECA biosynthesis begins on the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane (IM) where glycosyltransferases sequentially add sugar moieties to form a complete repeat unit which is then translocated across the IM by WzxE before being polymerized into short linear chains by WzyE/WzzE. Research into WecG, the enzyme responsible for generating ECA lipid‐II, has not progressed beyond Barr et al. (1988) who described WecG as a membrane protein. Here we revise our understanding of WecG and re‐characterize it as a peripherally associated membrane protein. Through the use of Western immunoblotting we show that WecG in Shigella flexneri is maintained to the IM via its three C‐terminal helices and further identify key residues in helix II which are critical for this interaction which has allowed us to identify WecG as a GT‐E glycosyltransferase. We investigate the possibility of protein complexes and ultimately show that ECA lipid‐I maintains WecG to the membrane which is crucial for its function. This research is the first since Barr et al. (1988) to investigate the biochemistry of WecG and reveals possible novel drug targets to inhibit WecG and thus ECA function and cell viability.
Identification of two novel variants of BCS1L gene in a patient with classical GRACILE syndrome
Authors: Guo Wencong , Shao Yingfei , Lang Yanhua , Wang Hong , Lin Yi , Liu Xuyan , Zhang Ruixiao , Shao Leping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBCS1L pathogenic variants cause widely different clinical phenotypes. Disease phenotypes can be as mild as Björnstad syndrome, characterized by pili torti (abnormal flat twisted hair shafts) and sensorineural hearing loss, or as severe as GRACILE syndrome, characterized by growth restriction, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis and early death. BCS1L pathogenic variants are also linked to an undefined complex III deficiency, a heterogeneous condition generally involving renal and hepatic pathologies, hypotonia, and developmental delays. So far, all patients with GRACILE syndrome carry a homozygous p.Ser78Gly variant in BCS1L gene by reviewing articles. A 24‐day‐old boy presented with typical clinical phenotype of GRACILE syndrome. The Whole Exome Sequencing confirmed that the patient had a missense variant (c.245C > T, p.Ser82Leu) and a small deletion (c.231_232delCA, p. Ser78Cysfs*9) in BCS1L gene inherited from his father and mother separately, he died at 5 months of age. We reported a patient with GRACILE syndrome and identified two novel variants in BCS1L gene. Our study expands the mutational spectrum of BCS1L gene associated with GRACILE syndrome and will be beneficial for genetic diagnosis.
Down‐regulation of hsa‐circ‐0107593 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via miR‐20a‐5p/SMAD6 signaling
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Yongyao , Zhao Yifan , Gan Xinyan , Zhang Bo , Cen Xiao , Huang Xinqi , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesIncreasing evidence indicated circRNAs were involved in stem cells osteogenesis differentiation. Herein, we aimed to clarify the role of hsa‐circ‐0107593 during the osteogenesis process of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe ring structure of hsa‐circ‐0107593 was confirmed using RNase R treatment and Sanger sequencing. Nucleoplasmic separation and fluorescence in situ hybridization detected hsa‐circ‐0107593 distribution. Lentivirus and siRNA were used to modulate the expression of hsa‐circ‐0107593, and the binding relationship between hsa‐circ‐0107593 and miR‐20a‐5p was verified by luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. We detected the osteogenic activity of hADSCs through alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), western blot, and cellular immunofluorescence experiment. In vivo, micro‐computed tomography was performed to analyze bone formation around skull defect.ResultsRT‐PCR results exhibited that hsa‐circ‐0107593 was downregulated while miR‐20a‐5p was upregulated during hADSCs osteogenesis. In vivo and in vitro experiments results indicated that knocking down hsa‐circ‐0107593 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, while overexpression of hsa‐circ‐0107593 showed an inhibitory effect on hADSCs osteogenic differentiation. In vitro experiment results showed hsa‐circ‐0107593 acted as a hADSCs osteogenic differentiation negative factor for it inhibited the suppressing effect of miR‐20a‐5p on SMAD6.ConclusionKnocking down hsa‐circ‐0107593 acts as a positive factor of the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via miR‐20a‐5p/SMAD6 signaling.
Elevated expression of transforming acidic coiled‐coil‐containing protein 3 (TACC3) reflects aggressiveness of primary central nervous system lymphomas
Authors: Matsuda Kotaro , Sugita Yasuo , Furuta Takuya , Moritsubo Mayuko , Ohshima Koichi , Morioka Motohiro , Takahashi Kenji , Higaki Koichi , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransforming acidic coiled‐coil‐containing protein 3 (TACC3) plays an important role in centrosome/microtubule dynamics. Deregulation of centrosomes/microtubules causes mitotic spindle defects, leading to tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between TACC3 and primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) is unknown. The present study investigated the association between the immunohistochemical expression of TACC3, p53, and Ki‐67, and the clinical factors in 40 PCNSLs. We evaluated the staining of TACC3 based on the histoscore (H‐score) that contains a semiquantitative evaluation of both the intensity of staining, and the percentage of positive cells. Expression level of each component was classified as low or high according to the median H‐score value. Patients with PCNSLs were divided into groups depending on TACC3 expression levels (no expression and low expression, 18; high expression, 22). Disease‐free survival and overall survival of patients with high TACC3 expression were significantly shorter (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that elevated expression of TACC3 could reflects aggressiveness of primary central nervous system lymphomas.