bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Aerosols on the Air Pollution and Their Relationship With Meteorological Parameters in North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Hujia , Gui Ke , Ma Yanjun , Wang Yangfeng , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Hong , Dou Yuanyuan , Zheng Yu , Li Lei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuqi , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: February 2022

Located in East Asia, the North China Plain (NCP) has a severe air pollution problem. In this study, variations in visibility, particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants, vertical meteorological parameters, and different types of aerosols and their optical properties were evaluated during an air pollution episode that occurred from 10 to 15 January 2019 in Tianjin over the NCP. The visibility was &lt;10 km for approximately 96 h, and the concentrations of PM with an aerodynamic diameter of &lt;2.5 μm (PM2.5) and &lt;10 μm (PM10) increased to 300 and 400 μg/m3, respectively. Because of the conversion of SO2 to sulphate aerosol particles, the sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration decreased to a minimum of 10 μg/m3. The continual deterioration of visibility was related to the high relative humidity and the boundary layer of &lt;0.1 km. The southwest airflow (3.0–4.0 m/s) transported various pollutants from Hebei Province to the NCP. Higher mixing ratios of sulphate aerosols, organic aerosols, and black carbon aerosols were distributed over a 0.5-km-diameter area, and the maximum concentrations were approximately 90, 250–300, and 20 μg/kg, respectively. Higher mixing ratios of dust aerosols and sea salt aerosols were distributed within 1.5 km and 1.0–2.5 km, respectively, and their maximum concentrations were approximately 15 and 9 μg/kg, respectively. The findings are valuable for analysing the relationship between air quality and pollutant transport in the NCP.
Efficacy of Initial vs. Delayed Photodynamic Therapy in Combination With Conbercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Sun Zuhua , Gong Yuanyuan , Yang Yating , Huang Ying , Yu Suqin , Pei Junqing , Lin Bing , Zhou Rong , Li Yingzi , Li Yumin , Zhang Junyan , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo compare the efficacy of initial vs. delayed photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).DesignMulticenter, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial.SubjectsNaïve PCV patients.MethodsPatients were randomized 1:1 into two groups: initial PDT with IVC and delayed PDT with IVC. At baseline, patients in the initial combination group were treated with PDT and IVC within 1 week, while patients in the delayed combination group were treated with IVC alone. PDT and IVC was given PRN during the follow-up in each group.Main Outcome MeasuresNon-inferiority of delayed PDT with IVC to initial PDT with IVC for mean change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to month 12 (95% CI of the difference entirely above −5 letters).ResultsEighty-six patients were enrolled, with 43 in each group. At month 12, the change of BCVA in initial combination group was equivalent to that in the delayed combination group, with gains of 6.42 ± 1.89 and 7.49 ± 2.14 (mean ± standard error) letters, respectively [delayed group minus initial group: 1.07 letters; 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.62 to 6.76; Pnon−inferiority = 0.0198]. The rates of complete polyp regression were 66.67 and 45.83% in the initial and delayed combination groups, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.386). The mean reductions of CRT were 204.77 ± 28.79 and 84.14 ± 30.62 μm in each group respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). In addition, the mean injection numbers were 3.47 ± 2.39 and 4.91 ± 2.65 in each group respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P = 0.010).ConclusionsThere was effective in both groups in patients with PCV. The initial combination group showed a more efficient decrease in CRT and polyp regression, along with fewer injections. However, the delayed combination group was non-inferior compared with the initial combination group in terms of the improvement of BCVA.Trial Registrationhttps://ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02821520.
Influence of Deep Invasive Tumor Thrombus on the Surgical Complexity and Prognosis of Patients With Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Combined With Venous Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Zhao Xun , Yan Ye , Dong Jing-han , Liu Zhuo , Zhang Hong-xian , Liu Cheng , Ma Lu-lin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTo evaluate the impact of deep invasive tumor thrombus (DITT) on the surgical complexity and prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 138 patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma combined with venous tumor thrombus, who underwent surgical treatment in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to June 2020. Patients were divided into the DITT group (84 patients) and non-invasive tumor thrombus (NITT) group (54 patients). Chi-square, t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Kaplan–Meier plots were performed to evaluate the influence of DITT. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors and then assembled to make a nomogram to predict the survival. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by Harrell’s consistency index (C-index) and calibration plot.ResultsDeep invasive tumor thrombus significantly increased the difficulty of surgery for patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus, which is mainly reflected in longer operation time (p &lt; 0.001), more surgical bleeding (p  &lt; 0.001), a higher proportion of perioperative blood transfusion (p  = 0.006), a higher proportion of open surgery (p = 0.001), a longer postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.003), and a higher proportion of postoperative complications (p = 0.001). DITT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.781, p = 0.040) was one of the independent risk factors for worse prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that sarcoma-like differentiation (p = 0.040), tumor thrombus invasion (p = 0.040), low hemoglobin (p = 0.003), and pathological type (p &lt; 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. The nomogram, combining all these predictors, showed powerful prognostic ability with a C-index of 78.8% (CI: 71.2%–86.4%). The predicted risk closely matches the observed recurrence probability.ConclusionDeep invasive tumor thrombus significantly increased the difficulty of surgeries for patients of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus, and may lead to poor prognosis.
High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Scalene and Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Oxygenation Parameters in Patients With Weaning Difficulties: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Van Hollebeke Marine , Poddighe Diego , Clerckx Beatrix , Muller Jan , Hermans Greet , Gosselink Rik , Langer Daniel , Louvaris Zafeiris 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCritically ill patients who have difficulties weaning from the mechanical ventilator are prone to develop respiratory muscle weakness. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can improve respiratory muscle strength. Whether IMT can improve scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation parameters is unknown.AimTo compare changes in muscle oxygenation parameters of scalene and sternocleidomastoid inspiratory muscles during a standardized task between patients with weaning difficulties who received either high-intensity IMT (intervention) or sham low-intensity IMT (control).MethodForty-one patients performed daily IMT sessions (4 sets, 6–10 breaths) until weaning success or for 28 consecutive days. The training load was progressively adjusted in the intervention group (n = 22) to the highest tolerable load, whilst the control group (n = 19) kept training at 10% of their baseline maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax). Breathing characteristics (i.e., work and power of breathing, PoB), respiratory muscle function [i.e., PImax and forced vital capacity (FVC)] were measured during a standardized loaded breathing task against a load of 30% of baseline PImax before and after the IMT period. In addition, during the same loaded breathing task, absolute mean and nadir changes from baseline in local scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygen saturation index (Δ%StiO2) (an index of oxygen extraction) and nadir Δ%StiO2 normalized for the PoB were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.ResultsAt post measures, only the intervention group improved mean PoB compared to pre measures (Pre: 0.42 ± 0.33 watts, Post: 0.63 ± 0.51watts, p-value &lt; 0.01). At post measures, both groups significantly improved nadir scalene muscles StiO2% normalized for the mean PoB (ΔStiOnadir%/watt) compared to pre measurements and the improvement was not significant different between groups (p-value = 0.40). However, at post measures, nadir sternocleidomastoid muscle StiO2% normalized for the mean PoB (ΔStiOnadir%/watt) was significantly greater improved in the intervention group (mean difference: +18.4, 95%CI: −1.4; 38.1) compared to the control group (mean difference: +3.7, 95%CI: −18.7; 26.0, between group p-value &lt; 0.01). Both groups significantly improved PImax (Intervention: +15 ± 13 cmH2O p-value &lt; 0.01, Control: +13 ± 15 cmH2O p-value &lt; 0.01). FVC only significantly improved in the intervention group (+0.33 ± 0.31 L p &lt; 0.01) report also change in control group.ConclusionThis exploratory study suggests that high-intensity IMT induces greater improvements in scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation parameters attributed for oxygen delivery, utilization and oxygen saturation index compared to low-intensity IMT in patients with weaning difficulties.
Utilization of Drugs for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Young Patients in China, 2010–2019
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Wu Xiaoyan , Yu Zhenwei , Yu Lingyan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe use of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication is increasing worldwide, but its status in China is unknown. This research aimed to assess the trends of ADHD medication use in young Chinese patients between 2010 and 2019.MethodsDispensing data related to ADHD medication use were extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project of China. The trends in the yearly prescription number of ADHD drugs and corresponding cost were analyzed. We further stratified the data by age, sex, and specific drug.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, sampled prescriptions for ADHD medication increased from 902 to 4531, and the total expenditure increased rapidly from 276,580 to 2,412,308 Chinese Yuan. Prescriptions for males were almost fourfold more than that for females. Patients aged 6–11 years had the highest number of prescriptions for ADHD medication each year, accounting for more than 50% of the total number of prescriptions. The percentage of methylphenidate prescriptions decreased from 91.9% in 2010 to 76.9% in 2019, and the corresponding cost declined from 77.3% to 66.8%. In contrast, atomoxetine prescriptions increased progressively and accounted for about 24.5% of the total prescriptions at the end of the study.ConclusionsThe use of ADHD drugs and the corresponding cost increased rapidly in China, and methylphenidate was the most frequently prescribed medicine. The increase in ADHD prescriptions requires attention to ensure that it reflects appropriate use, especially in patients aged 6–11 years.
Clinical and Radiological Comparisons of Percutaneous Low-Power Laser Discectomy and Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study
Authors: Lan Xueqin , Wang Ziyang , Huang Yuzhao , Ni Yuncheng , He Yunwu , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Chunsheng , Hu Rong , Han Rui , Guo Gangwen , Li Zhenxing , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jianping , Liao Qin , Huang Dong , Zhou Haocheng 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMinimally invasive techniques, such as percutaneous low-power laser discectomy (PLLD) and low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (coblation) can be applied to treat degenerative cervical radiculopathy. However, less evidence supports the superiority of distinct minimally-invasive therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological characteristics of the PLLD and coblation for cervical radiculopathy.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study (ChiCTR-ONC-17010356). The modified Macnab criteria was performed to assess the clinical improvement pre- and post-surgery. To evaluate the radiological effect, the Pfirrmann grading system and disk herniation index were applied with MRI.ResultsIn this study, 28 patients were enrolled in the coblation group and 30 patients in the PLLD group. The mean good-excellent rate at 3-month follow-up was 82.1% for PLLD group, and 66.7% for coblation group, respectively (p = 0.179). The PLLD group achieved higher good-excellent rate 6 and 12 months after discharge (92.9 vs. 70.0%, p = 0.026). Radiological data revealed that PLLD but not coblation treatment achieved significant reduction of disk herniation index (p &lt; 0.0001). Coblation treatment did not change the Pfirrmann grades of cervical radiculopathy patients (n = 18), and 7 out of 17 (41.2%) patients achieved improvement after PLLD therapy. None obvious adverse event was observed in this study.ConclusionBoth PLLD and coblation are effective and safe option for patients with cervical radiculopathy. Better long-term clinical outcomes may be potentially associated with the improvement of disk degeneration after PLLD treatment.
Relayout Gudang Produk Jadi PT.Jaya Beton Indonesia Menggunakan Metode SLP Dan CORELAP
Authors: Selamat Selamat , Prima Wahyu , Christine Anita Christine 
Published: February 2022

PT. Jaya Beton Indonesia merupakansuatuperusahaanindustri di bidanginfrastruktur, yaitumenghasilkanprodukbeton. Perusahaan inimemilikitipeproduksi make to order, dimanaproduksiakandilakukanhanyajikaadapesananolehkonsumen yang berartipemesananakandilakukansebelumprodukdigunakan. Bersumberpadapenelitian yang sudahdilaksanakan, adapunpermasalahan yangditemukanadalahbeberapaletakdepartemen yang kurangsesuai. Letakprodukjadi yang tidaktersusundenganbaikmengakibatkanpemborosanwaktudanbiaya material handling yang tinggi. Tujuandaripenelitianiniadalahmerancangulangtataletakgudangprodukjadi demi meminimalisasbiaya material handling. Metode yang digunakanadalahSLP (Systematic Layout Planning) danalgoritmaCORELAP.Metode SLP mendapatkanpenurunanpersentasejarakdanbiaya yang lebihtinggisehinggamerupakanusulan layout terbaik.
Узагальнена математична модель виконання вогневих задач екіпажем танка
Authors: Хаустов Дмитро Євгенович , Бурашніков Олег Олександрович , Хаустов Ярослав Євгенович , Настишин Юрій Адамович 
Published: February 2022

В статті представлено математичну модель виконання вогневих задач екіпажем танка, яка включає наступну послідовність станів: вихідний стан зразка бронетанкового озброєння в районі зосередження, марш із місця зосередження до передбаченого місця бою, початок спостереження, виявлення, розпізнавання та ідентифікація противника, бойове застосування зразка бронетанкового озброєння, ураження/неураження ворожої цілі, які утворюють ланцюг Маркова.Граничний розподіл ймовірностей, отриманий як розв’язок рівняння на власні значення та власні вектори, дає ймовірність виконання вогневої задачі екіпажем танка, як функцію ймовірностей переходів між відповідними станами.
Barrett’s Esophagus: Current State of the Problem and Experience of Treatment
Authors: Маевская Т.В. , Яновский С.А. , Слободин Ю.В. 
Published: February 2022

Современные подходы к диагностике, лечению и наблюдению пациентов с пищеводом Барретта (ПБ), определение понятия ПБ отличаются в разных странах. Это связано с различием в национальных руководствах и рекомендациях. На основании доступной медицинской литературы (в первую очередь гайдлайнов Европейского общества эндоскопии желудочно-кишечного тракта (ESGE), отчета Американской ассоциации гастроэнтерологов (AGA) инациональных клинических протоколов Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации) произведена попытка унификации данных, изложены вопросы этиологии и патогенеза, симптоматики, диагностики и лечения ПБ. Приведен клинический опыт Республиканского клинического медицинского центра (РКМЦ) в наблюдении и эндоскопическом лечении пациентов с ПБ.
Modern approaches to the diagnostics, treatment and follow-up of patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) differ in different countries. This is caused by the difference of national guidelines and recommendations. On the base of available medical literature (first of all, the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline, report of the American Association of Gastroenterologists (AGA), and the national clinical protocols of the Republic of Belarus (RB) and the Russian Federation (RF)), there was made an attempt to unify the data. The article presents the issues of etiology and pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of BE. The clinical experience of the Republican Clinical Medical Center (RCMC) in the observation and endoscopic treatment of patients with BE is presented.
Endovascular Methods of Bleeding Management
Authors: Бут-Гусаим Г.В. , Воробей А.В. , Давидовский И.А. , Карпович Д.И. , Познякова О.В. 
Published: February 2022

Кровотечение является одной из главных проблем хирургии и травматологии. Методы контроля и остановки кровотечения постоянно совершенствуются. Развитие эндоваскулярной хирургии значительно расширило возможности оказания помощи пациентам с кровотечениями различной этиологии. Эндоваскулярные методы контроля кровотечений позволяют обеспечить эффективный временный проксимальный контроль или окончательный гемостаз при кровотечениях из труднодоступных зон. К таким методам относятся реанимационная эндоваскулярная баллонная окклюзия аорты, временная баллонная окклюзия сосудов, эмболизация артерий, эндопротезирование аорты и крупных артерий. Как пример использования эндоваскулярного метода контроля кровотечения при хирургическом лечении с крайне высоким риском кровотечения представлен клинический случай. Успешное внедрение таких методов в клиническую практику позволит снизить количество и тяжесть кровотечений при выполнении различных операций на крупных сосудах, органах брюшной полости, забрюшинного пространства и малого таза.
Bleeding remains one of the main issues in surgery and traumatology. Bleeding management methods are constantly improved. The options of bleeding management have been significantly expanded due to development of endovascular surgery. Endovascular methods of bleeding management provide either effective temporary proximal bleeding control or final hemostasis in case of bleeding from hard-to-reach areas. These methods include resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, temporary balloon vascular occlusion, embolization of arteries, endoprosthetics of the aorta and major arteries. A clinical case is presented as an example of using the endovascular bleeding control method in surgical treatment with extremely high risk of bleeding. Successful introduction of such methods into clinical practice will reduce the number and severity of bleeding during performing various operations on major vessels, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal and small pelvis space.
Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy in Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia of High Risk of Progression
Authors: Милошевский П.В. 
Published: February 2022

Доброкачественная гиперплазия предстательной железы (ДГПЖ) является одним из распространенных заболеваний мочевыводящих путей у мужчин, снижающим качество жизни. Такие факторы, как тяжесть симптомов мочеиспускания, определяемая с помощью международной шкалы оценки простатических симптомов в баллах (IPSS), снижение максимальной скорости мочеиспускания (Qmax), увеличенный объем предстательной железы, объем остаточной мочи и высокий уровень простатспецифического антигена (ПСА), способствуют прогрессии ДГПЖ и влияют на выбор метода лечения. В последние годы метаболический синдром, инсулинорезистентность со вторичной гиперинсулинемией, сахарный диабет, гормональные изменения, воспаление и внутрипузырная протрузия предстательной железы выделены как дополнительные факторы прогрессии ДГПЖ. Лапароскопическая аденомэктомия в лечении ДГПЖ высокого риска прогрессии (более 80 см3) является безопасным и эффективным малоинвазивным методом, обеспечивая аналогичные функциональные результаты с открытой аденомэктомией и имея значительные преимущества в таких показателях, как предполагаемая кровопотеря, время стояния уретрального катетера, время нахождения в стационаре, частота гемотрансфузии и частота осложнений.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract in men, which reduces the quality of life. Such factors as the severity of urinary symptoms, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), decreased maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), enlarged prostate volume, residual urine volume, and high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level contribute to the progression of BPH and influence the choice of treatment method. In recent years, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance with secondary hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, hormonal changes, inflammation, and intravesical protrusion of the prostate have been identified as additional factors in the progression of BPH. Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive method in the treatment of BPH of high risk of progression (over 80 cm3), providing similar functional results with open adenomectomy and having significant advantages in such indicators as estimated blood loss, catheterization time, length of hospital stay, transfusion rate, frequency of complications.
Efficiency and Safety of Application of the Laryngeal Mask in Laparoscopic Surgery. Literature Review
Authors: Конончук С.Н. , Болонкин Л.С. , Илюкевич Г.В. 
Published: February 2022

Проведен анализ литературных данных по особенностям применения ларингеальной маски (ЛМ) в лапароскопической хирургии с целью обеспечения эффективной и безопасной анестезии. ЛМ - это разновидность надгортанных воздуховодных устройств, которые являются альтернативой интубации трахеи и имеют ряд преимуществ с большим профилем безопасности. Возможность и целесообразность использования ЛМ при робот-ассистированных ивидеолапароскопических оперативных вмешательствах остается спорным вопросом в связи с опасениями возникновения осложнений - интраоперационной регургитации и легочной аспирации на фоне повышенного внутрибрюшного давления при искусственно созданном карбоперитонеуме. В данном обзоре приведены преимущества применения ЛМ 2-го поколения при лапароскопии, конструкция которых позволяет обеспечивать эффективную вентиляцию с достижением адекватного дыхательного объема и оксигенации. Однако необходимо соблюдать четкие правила установки ЛМ и контроля за безопасностью их использования при анестезиологическом обеспечении лапароскопических вмешательств.
The analysis of literature data on the peculiarities of the use of laryngeal mask (LM) in laparoscopic surgery was carried out in order to ensure effective and safe anesthesia. LM is a type of supraglottic airway devices that is an alternative to tracheal intubation, and it has a number of advantages with a large safety profile. The possibility and feasibility of using LM in robotic-assisted and videoassisted laparoscopic surgical interventions remain controversial due to the fear of complications intraoperative regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration on the background of increased intraabdominal pressure with artificially created carboperitoneum. This review summarizes the advantages of using the 2nd generation LMs in laparoscopy, the design of which lets to provide efficient ventilation with the achievement of adequate tidal volume and oxygenation. However, it is necessary to follow the clear rules for installing LMs and monitoring the safety of their use in the anesthetic provision of laparoscopic interventions.