bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techniques and feasibility of the cranial‐to‐caudal approach for laparoscopic left colectomy in obstructive splenic flexure cancers: A consecutive case series (with video)
Authors: Goksoy Beslen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimLaparoscopic surgery of splenic flexure cancers (SFCs) is one of the most challenging operations among other colorectal surgical procedures. The most commonly performed and recommended laparoscopic surgical technique is the medial‐to‐lateral approach. On the other hand, in obstructive splenic flexure cancers (OSFCs), the medial‐to‐lateral approach may not be possible due to the narrowed surgical field by dilated bowel and difficulty in positioning the bowel. This study aims to present the surgical technique and feasibility of laparoscopic left colectomy with cranial‐to‐caudal dissection as a new alternative method in OSFCs.MethodAll consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic left colectomy with cranial‐to‐caudal dissection for OSFC between December 2018 and February 2022 were analysed. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon experienced in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and video recorded.ResultFive consecutive cases of OSFC who underwent laparoscopic surgery with a cranial‐to‐caudal approach were evaluated. The median operating time was 180 (165–195) min, and the length of hospital stay was nine (7–12) days. The surgical margins were tumour‐free, and the median number of harvested lymph nodes was 20 (17–36). Four patients had pTNM stage 3B disease, and one patient had stage 2A disease. There were no major complications and mortality.ConclusionIn this study, a new alternative surgical approach was used for OSFCs, one of the most challenging procedures in laparoscopic surgery. This technique can also be safely used not only in OSFCs but also in other left colon tumours (adhesions, obesity, etc.) that require splenic flexure mobilization and pose difficulty in a medial‐to‐lateral approach.
Guidance documents for colorectal and anal cancer treatment: A systematic quality and reporting assessment
Authors: Maes‐Carballo Marta , García‐García Manuel , Gómez‐Fandiño Yolanda , De‐Dios‐de‐Santiago Diego , Martínez‐Martínez Carmen , Bueno‐Cavanillas Aurora , Khan Khalid Saeed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimEvidence‐based medicine is essential for clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus statements (CSs) ought to follow a consistent methodology to underpin high‐quality healthcare. We systematically analysed the quality and reporting of colorectal (CRC) and anal cancer CPGs and CSs.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and online sources (59 professional society websites and eight guideline databases) were systematically searched following prospective registration (PROSPERO no. CRD42021286146) by two reviewers independently, without language restrictions. CPGs and CSs about CRC and anal cancer treatment were included from January 2018 to November 2021 and were assessed using the AGREE II tool (per cent of maximum score) and the RIGHT tool (per cent of total 35 items) for quality and reporting respectively.ResultsThe median overall quality and reporting of the 59 guidelines analysed were 55.0% (interquartile range 47.0–62.0) and 58% (interquartile range 50.0–67.9), respectively, with a proportion scoring less than half (<50%) for quality (20/59, 33.9%) and reporting (15/59, 25.4%). Guidance reported that following AGREE II methodology scored better on average than that without (AGREE II 77.7% vs. 47.6%, P = 0.001; RIGHT 50.0% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.001). Guidelines based on systematic reviews had better quality and reporting on average than those based on consensus (AGREE II 56.5% vs. 46.6%, P = 0.001; RIGHT 36.9% vs. 35.4%, P = 0.019).ConclusionThe quality and reporting of colorectal and anal cancer treatment CPGs and CSs were poor. Despite AGREE II and RIGHT inherent methodological limitations, few high‐quality guidelines were found. Despite wide variability in scoring different domains, they merit urgent improvement in all areas. It has also been demonstrated that CPGs and CSs should be underpinned by systematic reviews collecting the best available clinical research findings.
DNA chip‐based diagnosis of onychomycosis and tinea pedis
Authors: Bieber Katja , Harder Melanie , Ständer Sascha , Boch Katharina , Kridin Khalaf , Köhler Birgit , Anemüller Waltraud , Ernst Anna Lara , Zillikens Detlef , Cavalar Markus , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackground and objectivesOnychomycosis (OM) and tinea pedis (TP) are common fungal infections. Currently, diagnosis is based on direct microscopy and culture that have a low to moderate sensitivity and/or require up to 3–4 weeks until results are obtained. PCR techniques have emerged for the diagnosis of fungal infections, but little is known about their sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing. Here, we compared the diagnostic value of a DNA‐chip technology, that detects 56 fungal pathogens, in a single‐center prospective diagnostic study with microscopy and culture in suspected OM/TP.Patients and methodsMicroscopy, culture and DNA microarray assays were performed on scraping material from patients with suspected OM (n = 67) or TP (n = 73). To test whether swabs can be used as an alternative for scraping, PCR yields were compared in a further 13 patients with OM and 11 patients with TP.ResultsDNA microarrays had the highest sensitivity. Combination of DNA‐chip technology with microscopy further increased the sensitivity, and results from this combined laboratory diagnosis can be obtained within 24 hours. Comparison of sampling techniques (scraping, dry or wet swab) for DNA‐chip assays showed similar results in suspected OM or TP.ConclusionsDNA‐chip technology shows high sensitivity for OM and TP diagnosis, especially when combined with microscopy.
Functional consequences of alder and oak loss in stream ecosystems
Authors: Alonso Alberto , López‐Rojo Naiara , Pérez Javier , Boyero Luz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and oak (Quercus robur) are dominant tree species in European Atlantic mixed forests, and their leaf litter is a key resource for stream ecosystems. While alder litter has higher nutrient content and palatability than other species and is rapidly processed in the stream by detritivores and microorganisms, oak litter is a tougher and less nutritious but more persistent resource. Given that both species are declining due to the spread of the fungal pathogens Phytophthora alni and Phytophthora cinnamomi, respectively, we investigated how their reduction or loss might alter stream ecosystem functioning through changes in litter decomposition, invertebrate detritivore (Sericostoma pyrenaicum) growth and stoichiometry, and fungal decomposer assemblage characteristics.

We conducted a microcosm experiment where we incubated litter mixtures representing different scenarios of alder and oak reduction or loss (and a concomitant increase in the other species), compared to a control that contained the four most common species in the study area (alder, oak, hazel [Corylus avellana] and willow [Salix atrocinerea]) in the same proportions as found in nature. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks, with the above variables measured every 3 weeks.

Decomposition rates changed depending on which species was lost. Rates decreased as a result of alder loss and increased following oak loss. Sericostoma nutrient assimilation also responded to species loss, increasing and decreasing following alder and oak loss, respectively, possibly due to compensatory assimilation. Differences in Sericostoma nutrient concentrations among treatments decreased with time in the case of nitrogen, whereas they increased for phosphorus, probably due to microbial colonisation.

The presence of oak also constrained microbial activity at the end of the experiment, reducing sporulation rates and causing differences in assemblage structure, probably due to inhibitory traits such as tannins or phenolic compounds.

Treatments examining the loss of both species did not differ from the control, either in decomposition or sporulation rate, since loss of both alder and oak counteracted their effects. However, sporulation rates were higher for the scenario with loss of both species than for treatments with either alder reduction or loss, whereas sporulation rate and assemblage structure in the treatment with loss of both species were similar to the scenarios with oak reduction and loss, indicating that oak loss is more important for microbial activity.

Changes in nutrient assimilation throughout the experiment suggested that effects of plant species reduction and loss can alter ecosystem functioning depending not only on litter palatability, but also on detritivore life stage. Overall, our results provide evidence for the importance of maintaining native riparian vegetation to preserve various ecosystem functions.
Pyrogeography across the western Palaearctic: A diversity of fire regimes
Authors: Pausas Juli G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to characterize fire regimes and estimate fire regime parameters (area burnt, size, intensity, season, patchiness and pyrodiversity) at broad spatial scales using remotely sensed individual‐fire data.LocationWestern part of the Palaearctic realm (i.e., Europe, North Africa and the Near East).Time period2001–2021.MethodsInitially, I divided the study area into eight large ecoregions based on their environment and vegetation: Mediterranean, Arid, Atlantic, Mountains, Boreal, Steppes, Continental and Tundra. Next, I intersected each predefined ecoregion with individual‐fire data obtained from remote sensing hotspots to estimate fire regime parameters for each environment. This allowed me to compute annual area burnt, fire size, fire intensity, fire season, fire patchiness, fire recurrence and pyrodiversity for each ecoregion. I related those fire parameters to the climate of the ecoregions and analysed the temporal trends in fire size.ResultsFire regime parameters varied across different environments (ecoregions). The Mediterranean had the largest, most intense and most recurrent fires, but the Steppes had the largest burnt area. Arid ecosystems had the most extended fire season, Tundra had the patchiest fires, and Boreal forests had the earliest fires of the year. The spatial variability in fire regimes was largely explained by the variability of climate and vegetation, with a tendency for greater fire activity in the warmer ecoregions. There was also a temporal tendency for large fires to become larger during the last two decades, especially in Arid and Continental environments.Main conclusionThe fire regime characteristics of each ecoregion are unique, with a tendency for greater fire activity in warmer environments. In addition, fires have been increasing in size during recent decades.
Feasibility of nasal bridge pressure injury prevention using a protective dressing and the Halyard Fluidshield® N95 mask in a COVID‐positive environment
Authors: Holder Hazel , Aningalan Alexis M. , Walker Stephanie , Cato Kenrick , Gannon Brittany “Ray” 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prevent nasal bridge pressure injury among fit‐tested employees, secondary to long‐term wear of the N95 mask during working hours. A prospective, single‐blinded, experimental cohort design. Participants were enrolled using the convenience sampling methods and randomisation was utilised for group assignment. Eligibility was determined by a COVID Anxiety Scale score and non‐COVID clinical assignment. Participants with a history of previous skin injury or related condition were excluded. The experimental group was assigned Mepilex Lite® and the control group used Band‐ Aid®. Formal skin evaluations were done by Nurse Specialists who are certified in wound and ostomy care by the Wound, Ostomy, Continence, Nursing Certification Board (WOCNCB®). Fit test logs were provided to participants to measure subjective user feedback regarding mask fit and level of comfort. The results of this feasibility trial are promising in supporting the use of a thin polyurethane foam dressing as a safe and effective dressing to apply beneath the N95 mask. Additional research is needed to validate results due to limited data on efficacy and safety of the various barrier dressings as a potential intervention to prevent skin breakdown to the nasal bridge.
A meta‐review of the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcer healing
Authors: Patton Declan , Avsar Pinar , Sayeh Aicha , Budri Aglecia , O'Connor Tom , Walsh Simone , Nugent Linda , Harkin Denis , O'Brien Niall , Cayce Jonathan , Corcoran Michael , Gaztambide Mario , Moore Zena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis meta‐review aimed to appraise and synthesise findings from existing systematic reviews that measured the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcers healing. We searched five databases to identify potential papers; three authors extracted data, and a fourth author adjudicated the findings. The AMSTAR‐2 tool was used for quality appraisal and the certainty of the evidence was appraised using GRADEpro. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan. We identified 12 systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2021. AMSTAR‐2 assessment identified three as high quality, five as moderate quality, and four as low quality. Seven comparisons were reported, with a meta‐analysis undertaken for five of these comparisons: compression vs no compression (risk ratio [RR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34‐1.78; P < .00001; moderate‐certainty evidence); elastic compression vs inelastic compression (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96‐1.08; P < .61 moderate‐certainty evidence); four layer vs <four‐layer bandage systems (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.82‐1.40; P < .63; moderate‐certainty evidence); comparison between different four‐layer bandage systems (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.93‐1.25; P = .34; moderate‐certainty evidence); compression bandage vs compression stocking (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.87‐1.03; P = .18; moderate‐certainty evidence). The main conclusion from this review is that there is a statistically significant difference in healing rates when compression is used compared with no compression, with moderate‐certainty evidence. Otherwise, there is no statistically different difference in healing rates using elastic compression vs inelastic compression, four layer vs <four‐layer bandage systems, different four‐layer bandage systems, or compression bandages vs compression stockings.
Ultrahigh electric‐field‐induced strain in KNN‐based piezoelectric ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Cen Zhenyong , Hui Kezhen , Xu Ze , Zhao Peiyao , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the goals of sustainable development adopted by more and more nations, the lead‐free trend of multilayer ceramic actuators has become a widely recognized consensus. Sintering in a reducing atmosphere is a necessary approach for preparing lead‐free ceramics co‐fired with low‐cost nickel internal electrodes. Herein, (1 − x)K0.48Na0.52Nb0.96Ta0.04O3–xSr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 + 0.03ZrO2 + 0.08MnO2 (KNNT‐SZT) ceramics were sintered in a reducing atmosphere using a solid‐state reaction. The Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (SZT) dopant decreased the Curie temperature TC and the O–T phase transition temperature. The enhanced diffuseness of the ferroelectric phase transition of KNNT‐SZT ceramics is attributed to the element doping and the locally inhomogeneous microstructure. High inverse piezoelectric coefficients d33* of 883 and 787 pm/V were obtained for the 8‐ and 9‐mol% SZT‐doped samples, respectively. These results were attributed to the synergistic effect of ferroelectric domains with different sizes. The diffused O–T phase transition significantly improved the piezoelectric temperature stability of the 9‐mol% SZT‐doped sample, whose electric‐field‐induced strain decreased by <10% from room temperature (25°C) to 115°C. The cyclic fatigue test showed that >98% of the initial d33* was retained after 106 cycles of unipolar electrical loading. The KNNT‐SZT ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere possessed excellent inverse piezoelectric properties and are expected to be applied in the field of multilayer ceramic piezoelectric actuators with base metal internal electrodes.
Changes in physicochemical characteristics of rice bran oil during mechanical‐stirring and ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic degumming
Authors: Thangaraju Suka , Modupalli Nikitha , Naik Mohan , Rawson Ashish , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the comparison of enzymatic (phospholipase A1) degumming of crude rice bran oil on the mechanical‐stirring and ultrasonic‐assisted systems. The effect of process parameters like, water (1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%) and enzyme dosage (1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3, and 3.6 ml/kg) and temperature (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C) was studied for mechanical‐stirring enzymatic degumming process. The maximum removal of phospholipids by mechanical‐stirring enzymatic degumming was observed with 3% water and 3.6 ml/kg of the enzyme at 40°C. Using the optimized levels of water, enzyme, and temperature, enzymatic degumming was carried out under ultrasonication with different power levels (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). The ultrasonic power level of 325 W (50% amplitude) showed maximum phospholipid removal with lesser time. Compared to mechanical‐stirring enzymatic degumming, ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic degumming had a higher cavitational yield, leading to enhanced enzyme activity and maximum phospholipids removal. The studies on the physicochemical properties showed that ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic degumming induced hydrolytic rancidity and primary oil oxidation due to the cavitation effect. As a result, more emphasis should be paid to the oxidative stability of the oil in future applications.Practical ApplicationsDegumming is the preliminary and important step in the refining of oil. Chemical degumming approaches don't remove maximum phospholipids and also cause higher neutralized oil loss. Enzymatic degumming results in maximum removal of phospholipids from the oil but also takes a long time to reduce the phosphorus content below the desired level. The application of ultrasound on enzymatic degumming effectively increases the reaction rate in lesser time. The ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic degumming also results in better oil quality and physio‐chemical parameters. So, ultrasound can be effectively applied to enzymatic degumming of rice bran oil.
Rapid and accurate detection of starch content in mixed sorghum by hyperspectral imaging combined with data fusion technology
Authors: Bu Youhua , Jiang Xinna , Tian Jianping , Hu Xinjun , Fei Xue , Huang Dan , Luo Huibo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSorghum is a type of brewing material. The starch content of different kinds of mixed sorghum affect the quality and yield of liquor. Therefore, an accurate and efficient detection of its starch content is of great significance to obtain high‐quality and high‐yield of liquor. Based on the data of single visible light (Vis), near‐infrared (NIR), and Vis and NIR fusion, this study develops a genetic algorithm optimization BP neural network (GA‐BPNN) model and a particle swarm optimization support vector machine model. It is deduced that the model based on the data from the Vis and NIR fusion has the highest performance in predicting the starch content of mixed sorghum. For the prediction of amylose, the GA‐BPNN model developed after using the Pearson correlation coefficient to select the characteristic wavelength for fusion, has the highest performance (RMSEP = .0298 and = .9948). For the prediction of amylopectin, the GA‐BPNN model developed after fusion of spectral features extracted by principal component analysis, has the highest performance (RMSEP = .0213 and = .9985). In conclusion, the hyperspectral imaging combined with data fusion can rapidly and accurately detect the starch content of mixed sorghum.Practical ApplicationsAs the single raw material of Maotai‐flavor liquor and the main raw material of Luzhou‐flavor liquor, the amylopectin content of sorghum directly affects the quality of liquor. Its amylose content also affects the yield of liquor. Because the different varieties of sorghum have different amylose and amylopectin content, liquor manufacturers often use several mixed varieties of sorghum as a brewing material. In order to ensure the quality and yield of liquor, it is particularly crucial to detect the amylose and amylopectin content variables of blended sorghum. The traditional sorghum starch content determination methods, such as the chemical detection methods and near infrared spectroscopy, have the disadvantages of destructiveness, low efficiency, and low detection accuracy. In the process of liquor brewing, the traditional detection methods cannot guide the timely adjustment of brewing process parameters. The hyperspectral imaging technology is widely used in food material detection, due to its fast and nondestructive advantages. The data fusion technology can fuse data from different sources of the same object to be detected, in order to obtain more comprehensive data for the development of accurate prediction models. This study uses the hyperspectral imaging combined with data fusion in order to quickly and accurately predicts the starch content (amylose, amylopectin) of mixed sorghum, which has a guiding significance for the timely adjustment of process parameters in the brewing process of liquor. In addition, it provides an accurate method for the component detection of other grains.
Attachment insecurities and under‐commitment in distressed couples: The role of positive and negative partner behaviors
Authors: Labonté Thalie , Beaulieu Noémie , Brassard Audrey , Gauthier Nathalie , Gagnon‐Tremblay Jacob , Péloquin Katherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch has rarely considered intermediate variables in the association between attachment insecurities and relationship commitment. Based on attachment theory and Rusbult's Investment Model, we tested whether positive and negative partner behaviors explain this association in 91 distressed couples undergoing therapy. Path analyses based on the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model revealed that individuals with attachment avoidance reported perceiving fewer positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated with their own higher under‐commitment. Partners of individuals with avoidance also reported perceiving fewer positive partner behaviors, which was in turn associated with their own higher under‐commitment. Partners of individuals with attachment anxiety perceived more positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated to their own lower under‐commitment. Perceived negative partner behaviors were only directly associated with higher under‐commitment. These findings imply that perceived positive partner behaviors may be a key aspect to target in relationship therapy in couples who present with high attachment insecurities.