bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐space mobility, balance, and self‐efficacy in Parkinson disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dutra Ana Carolina Leonardi , Soares Nayron Medeiros , Artigas Nathalie Ribeiro , Pereira Gabriela Magalhães , Krimberg Julia Schneider , Ovando Angelica Cristiane , Schuh Artur Francisco Schumacher , de Mello Rieder Carlos Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLife‐space mobility (LSM) is a mobility measure that assesses the physical and social environments through which people move during their daily lives.ObjectiveTo characterize LSM among individuals with Parkinson disease and explore the relationship between LSM, self‐efficacy, and balance.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingsMovement disorder clinic at a teaching hospital.ParticipantsEighty‐eight participants with Parkinson disease.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe dependent variable (LSM) was assessed using the Life‐Space Assessment (LSA) instrument. Balance evaluation and balance self‐efficacy were assessed using the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini‐BESTest) and the Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence Scale, respectively. Other variables, such as age, disease staging (Hoehn‐Yahr staging system), cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory‐II), were also measured.ResultsThe mean LSA score was 65.2 (SD: 22.8) and mean age was 63.2 years (SD: 10.5 years). Among the 88 patients, 32 (36.4%) were classified as restricted LSM. Age (p = .03), disease severity (p = .02), cognition (p = .02), and motor subtype (p = .006) were associated with more restricted LSM among participants. A multiple linear regression model demonstrated that LSM can be predicted by balance performance (R2 = 0.377; p < .001).ConclusionAge, disease severity, cognition, motor subtype, balance self‐efficacy, and balance performance are associated with LSM. Understanding and improving balance and self‐efficacy in people with Parkinson disease could facilitate community mobility and promote functional independence and health maintenance.
Effects of solvents on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer in 3‐HTC
Authors: Song Yao‐Dong , Wang Qian‐Ting , Gao Wei‐wei , He Zhixiong , Wu Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been demonstrated experimentally that proton transfer can occur in the excited state of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐mercapto‐4‐one (3‐HTC) molecule. However, the effect of solvent polarity on excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer of 3‐HTC has not been reported. In this paper, the molecular structures of ground and excited states in different solvents are optimized by density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory. Based on the optimized structure, infrared vibration frequency, electronic spectra, natural bond orbital (NBO) population, and potential energy curves were calculated and analyzed. By analyzing the bond lengths and the bond angles related to the hydrogen bond, it can be seen that the intramolecular hydrogen bond intensity of 3‐HTC molecule in the S1state is strengthened in different solvents. With the increase of the solvent polarity, the degree of hydrogen bond strength decreases. Through the analysis of the infrared vibration frequency, it could be found that intramolecular hydrogen bond of 3‐HTC is weakened as the solvent polarity increases. By analyzing the frontier molecular orbitals and the charge density difference (CDD) maps, it is proved that charge transfer occurs during photoexcitation, which promotes the excited‐state proton transfer process. Further, the analysis of potential energy curves of 3‐HTC in the ground state and S1state shows that proton transfer can be realized in the S1state of 3‐HTC in different solvents. With the increase of solvent polarity, the difficulty of intramolecular proton transfer is increasing.
Recent advances in sodium alginate‐based membranes for dehydration of aqueous ethanol through pervaporation
Authors: Ehsan Mehwish , Razzaq Humaira , Razzaque Shumaila , Bibi Aasma , Yaqub Azra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium alginate (SA) is a progressive material for membrane fabrication. The technological development of SA‐based membranes has made a significant contribution to the separation techniques, especially in aqueous organic solutions. The outstanding performance of SA is attributed to its outstanding structural flexibility and hydrophilicity. In view of structural characteristics, SA membranes have immense utilization in the pervaporation separation of organics. Among various organics, dehydration of aqueous ethanol is employed as a standard to check the success of pervaporation (PV) membrane. Because ethanol and water have comparable molecular sizes, thus difficult to extract water from aqueous ethanol mixtures than it is for other organics. A literature survey shows that wide‐ranging data are available on the PV performance of SA and its modified membranes. In this context, the present review addresses the recent advances made in SA membranes for enhanced ethanol dehydration performance during the last decade. Available data since 2010 has been compiled for grafted, crosslinked, blend, mixed matrix, and composite hybrid sodium alginate membranes in terms of separation factor, permeation flux, and pervaporation separation index PSI. The data are assessed with reference to the effect of feed composition, membrane selectivity, flux, and swelling behavior.
Colupulone, colupone and novel deoxycohumulone geranyl analogues as larvicidal agents against Culex pipiens
Authors: Makri Apostolia , Papachristos Dimitrios P , Michaelakis Antonios , Vidali Veroniki P 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs climate change proceeds, the management of the population of mosquitoes becomes more and more challenging. Insect adulticides and larvicides constitute significant control techniques, with the latter being considered the leading mosquito control method. However, the development of mosquito resistance development and the adverse side effects caused by the extensive use of synthetic insecticides have turned research towards the discovery of environmentally‐friendly solutions. Plants and bacteria have historically proven to be a good source of insecticidally active compounds, which may possess novel modes of action to overcome current resistance mechanisms and could also possess favorable human and environmental safety profiles. A previous study demonstrated that the naturally occurring prenylated acyl phloroglucinol deoxycohumulone is a potent larvicidal agent against Culex pipiens. Herein the structural characteristics that improve it are explored by evaluating colupulone and novel geranylated analogues.RESULTSColupulone, a prenylated acyl phloroglucinol isolated from Humulus lupulus, colupone, and novel geranylated acyl phloroglucinol congeners, were synthesized and evaluated against Cx. pipiens larva. Results indicated that selected derivatives exhibited superior potency than deoxycohumulone (LC50 43.7 mg L−1). Thus, strong activity was observed for colupulone (LC50 19.7 mg L−1), and some novel geranyl analogues of deoxycohumulone reaching at LC50 17.1 mg L−1, while colupone and similar compounds were almost inactive.CONCLUSIONThe results determined the relationship between the target activity and the chemical structure of the tested compounds, and they revealed significantly improved larvicidal candidates. These results highlight the potential of the acyl phloroglucinol chemistry for further development of mosquito larvicides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of the phytotoxic and antifungal activity of C17‐sesquiterpenoids as potential biopesticides
Authors: Cárdenas David M. , Bajsa‐Hirschel Joanna , Cantrell Charles L. , Rial Carlos , Varela Rosa M. , Molinillo José M. G. , Macías Francisco A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDNatural products are a promising source for the development of new pesticides with alternative mechanisms of action. In this study, we evaluated the phytotoxic and antifungal activity of a novel family of natural C17‐sesquiterpenoids and performed a study of the effect caused by the elimination of the α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone system and its importance to their biological activity.RESULTSMany tested compounds exhibited a strong phytotoxic activity. Lappalone and pertyolide B were the most potent molecules from the tested group. Lappalone displayed a strong inhibition profile against selected weed species, reaching a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.0 μm against Echinochloa crus‐galli L. shoot and 5.7 μm against the germination rate of Amaranthus viridis L., as well as a good stimulation of the germination of Phelipanche ramosa L. Pertyolide B demonstrated excellent inhibition against Amaranthus viridis L. (IC50: 56.7, 70.3 and 24.0 μm against the root and shoot growth, and germination rate, respectively) and Allium cepa L. (representative of the Liliaceae family, with IC50 values of 25.3 and 64.4 μm against root and shoot growth). Regarding the antifungal activity, pertyolide B presented significant activity against Colletotrichum fragareae and Fusarium oxysporum with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.6 μg μL−1.CONCLUSIONThe bioassays revealed that frequently the presence of the α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone system is not essential for the bioactivities of sesquiterpene lactones, and suggest that C17‐sesquiterpenoids may function through a different mechanism of action not related to the widely assumed Michael addition. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Confirmatory efficacy testing for individual dose–placebo comparisons using serial gatekeeping procedure in dose‐finding trials with multiple comparison procedures–modeling
Authors: Yamaguchi Yusuke , Sugitani Toshifumi , Yoshida Satoshi , Maruo Kazushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDose‐finding trials play a key role in the entire drug development process to determine optimal doses for regulatory approval. We address confirmatory efficacy testing for individual dose–placebo comparisons in the context of a dose‐finding trial designed with multiple comparison procedures–modeling (MCP–Mod). An extension of the MCP–Mod, called closed MCP–Mod, has been proposed to carry out the MCP–Mod in conjunction with pairwise dose‐placebo comparisons; however, an issue associated with the misspecification of candidate dose–response models remains. We consider another way to combine the MCP–Mod and the individual dose‐placebo comparisons using serial gatekeeping procedures with fixed sequence, Holm, Hochberg, and step‐down Dunnett procedure. The method controls the family‐wise error rate in the strong sense and is simple enough to be implemented by existing software. Simulation studies suggested that the serial gatekeeping procedure was comparable with the closed MCP–Mod in terms of statistical power to detect the efficacy of at least one dose, and both methods were capable of pursuing the efficacy claim rather than just establishing the dose–response signal with less than a 20% increase in sample size when assuming monotonic dose–response shapes. The serial gatekeeping procedure would have advantages in the simplicity of implementation and ease of interpretation. The dose‐finding trials aiming to declare the dose–response signal, as well as the efficacy of individual doses, would be worth considering as an option to accelerate the drug development program in certain situations.
Optimal risk sharing with ex post private information: Rules versus discretion
Authors: Dai Chifeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the optimal contract under cost uncertainty between a risk averse buyer and a risk averse supplier when the supplier can privately discover more cost information after contracting but before production. We show that the optimal contract is often characterized by distortions and rules which restrict the supplier from adjusting the production schedule to the cost realization. The supplier is often constrained by strict rules in high cost states, but enjoys more discretion to adjust the production schedule in low cost states. Moreover, the supplier is granted with more discretion when the buyer becomes more risk averse, but is restricted by more rules when the supplier becomes more risk averse or when the supplier's risk preference becomes private information.
Detection of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age using different combinations of prenatal and postnatal charts
Authors: Mathewlynn S. , Impey L. , Ioannou C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the extent to which the detection rate of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) at birth is influenced by the use of different combinations of estimated‐fetal‐weight (EFW) and birth‐weight (BW) charts.MethodsThis was a cohort study of all pregnant women with a singleton term birth receiving care in a university hospital during a 3‐year period. All participants underwent a universal 36‐week ultrasound scan for EFW measurement and had BW recorded at delivery. Five different reference charts were used for EFW and BW centile calculation. Two‐by‐two contingency tables were constructed using EFW as the screening test variable and BW as the outcome variable in order to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value for all possible chart combinations.ResultsThe cohort included 17 678 pregnancies. The sensitivity of EFW < 10th centile for the detection of BW < 10th centile ranged from 10.8% to 66.8% and the sensitivity of EFW < 3rd centile for the detection of BW < 3rd centile ranged from 4.1% to 66.8%, depending on the charts used. The sensitivity of EFW > 90th centile for BW > 90th centile ranged between 22.9% and 68.3%. When locally derived charts for EFW and BW were used, the sensitivity of detection of BW < 10th centile using EFW < 10th centile was 43.7% (PPV, 45.5%); for the detection of BW < 3rd centile using EFW < 3rd centile, the sensitivity was 25.6% (PPV, 26.7%) and, for the detection of BW > 90th centile using EFW > 90th centile, it was 49.6% (PPV, 49.0%).ConclusionsDifferent combinations of EFW and BW charts can yield vastly different detection rates (sensitivity) in the same population cohort and time period. If SGA and LGA detection rates are to be used as a meaningful performance indicator, healthcare systems should follow a clear and predefined methodology that includes explicit definitions of common reference standards. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Case of Norway and Digital Transformation over the Years
Authors: Parmiggiani Elena , Mikalef Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNorway is generally characterized by a pervasive presence of digital services. It is currently undergoing a digital transformation across different domains, from daily life to public and private enterprises. In this introductory chapter, we first unpack the main drivers of digital transformation in Norway so far and its enabling conditions based on three illustrative examples: the development of Altinn, a digital platform supporting digital communication between citizens and public and private organizations; the evolution of BankID, Norway’s electronic identification system; and the current push for open data sharing leveraging experiences in the energy industry. We identify key common enabling conditions: a trust-based cooperation across social partners and across public and private sectors, the public sector’s driving role, cross-organization consolidations and consortia, and application-oriented initiatives. In the second part of the chapter, we summarize the content of the subsequent chapters in this book shedding light on different facets of digital transformation in Norway.
Digital Transformation in NAV IT 2016–2020: Key Factors for the Journey of Change
Authors: Bernhardt Hulda Brastad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe directorate of Labor and Welfare Administration in Norway (NAV) is responsible for one of the most complex system portfolios in Norway. Since the establishment of the directorate in 2006, NAV has had the ambition of modernizing IT systems, but the development has been slow. In the last 4 years, however, there have been major changes in the way NAV works with digital development and modernization. The purpose of the study is to describe the changes that have taken place in the NAV IT department in the period from 2016 to 2020. The survey identifies four key changes that have had a major effect on the IT department in NAV. These key factors are changed organizational design to support the creation of teams and product areas, changed sourcing strategy and insourcing of services, changed technological direction toward a modern application platform and a changeable application architect, as well as changes in working method from waterfall to agile product development. The IT department has moved from being a management-oriented, static organization structured by function to having a flat and dynamic organizational structure with dedicated areas of expertise. NAV replaced all supplier contracts on development and management with capacity agreements, regained ownership of its solutions, recruited programmers, and developed NAV’s internal competence. By developing its own application platform for deployment, NAV IT made it possible for teams to automatically deploy to production whenever they wanted. NAV IT has developed an increasingly agile organization where autonomous teams and empowered employees are a key factor.
Älterwerden in dieser Zeit
Authors: Müntefering Franz 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungMeine Damen und Herren, ich begrüße Sie alle ganz herzlich, die Alten, die Älteren und die demnächst Alten – sind alle dabei. Und diese Begrifflichkeit macht vielmehr deutlich, wir haben da noch was zu klären untereinander. Die 17-jährigen Jungs, die wollen unbedingt bei den Senioren Fußball spielen, weil Senioren sind die Vollwertigen.
„Dein Alter sei wie deine Jugend!“ Impulse eines Segenswortes
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung„Dein Alter sei wie deine Jugend!“ So hat Martin Luther das Segenswort übersetzt, das Mose den Israeliten des Stammes Asser vor seinem Tod zugesprochen hat (Dtn 33,25). Johann Sebastian Bach hat diesen Ausspruch in einer Kantate wunderbar vertont (BWV 71 No. 3). „Dein Alter sei wie deine Jugend!“ Doch was genau kann damit gemeint sein? Klingt es nicht geradezu zynisch, wenn man jemandem in der Phase körperlichen und vielleicht auch geistigen Niedergangs wünscht, wie ein viel Kraft ausstrahlender junger Mensch zu sein? Darauf wird der erste Teil meiner Überlegungen eingehen.
Contribution of the Weinberg-type operator to atomic and nuclear electric dipole moments
Authors: Osamura Naohiro , Gubler Philipp , Yamanaka Nodoka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The contribution of the CP violating three-gluon Weinberg operator, $$ \frac{1}{3!}w{f}^{abc}{\epsilon}^{\nu \rho \alpha \beta}{G}_{\mu \nu}^a{G}_{\alpha \beta}^b{G}_{\rho}^{c\mu} $$

1

3
!

w

f
abc

ϵ
νραβ

G
μν
a

G
αβ
b

G
ρ
cμ

, to the atomic and nuclear EDMs is estimated using QCD sum rules. After calculating the transition matrix element between the pion and the vacuum through the Weinberg operator, we obtain the long-range CP-odd nuclear force by determining the isovector CP-odd pion-nucleon vertex, using chiral perturbation theory at NLO. The EDMs of 199Hg, 129Xe, and 225Ra atoms, as well as those of 2H and 3He nuclei are finally given including comprehensive uncertainty analysis. While the leading contribution of the 199Hg EDM is given by the intrinsic nucleon EDM, that of 129Xe atom may be dominated by the one-pion exchange CP-odd nuclear force generated by the Weinberg operator. From current experimental data of the 199Hg atomic EDM, we obtain an upper limit on the Weinberg operator magnitude of |w| < 4 × 10−10GeV−2 if we assume that it is the only source of CP violation at the scale μ = 1 TeV.
E9 symmetry in the heterotic string on S1 and the weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Collazuol Veronica , Graña Mariana , Herráez Alvaro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We show that compactifications of the heterotic string on a circle exhibit at the boundary of moduli space (R → 0, or equivalently the decompactification limit R → ∞) a tower of winding or momentum modes that enhance the E8×E8 or SO(32) gauge symmetry to the affine algebras (E9 ⊕ E9)/ ∼ (the identification means that the two copies of E9 share the same central extension) and $$ {\hat{D}}_{16} $$

D
̂

16

, respectively. We also prove that these towers of modes satisfy the lattice weak gravity and repulsive force conjectures.
A miR-125/Sirtuin-7 pathway drives the pro-calcific potential of myeloid cells in diabetic vascular disease
Authors: Vigili de Kreutzenberg Saula , Giannella Alessandra , Ceolotto Giulio , Faggin Elisabetta , Cappellari Roberta , Mazzucato Marta , Fraccaro Chiara , Tarantini Giuseppe , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Ectopic calcification is a typical feature of diabetic vascular disease and resembles an accelerated ageing phenotype. We previously found an excess of myeloid calcifying cells in diabetic individuals. We herein examined molecular and cellular pathways linking atherosclerotic calcification with calcification by myeloid cells in the diabetic milieu.

Methods
We first examined the associations among coronary calcification, myeloid calcifying cell levels and mononuclear cell gene expression in a cross-sectional study of 87 participants with type 2 diabetes undergoing elective coronary angiography. Then, we undertook in vitro studies on mesenchymal stem cells and the THP-1 myeloid cell line to verify the causal relationships of the observed associations.

Results
Coronary calcification was associated with 2.8-times-higher myeloid calcifying cell levels (p=0.037) and 50% elevated expression of the osteogenic gene RUNX2 in mononuclear cells, whereas expression of Sirtuin-7 (SIRT7) was inversely correlated with calcification. In standard differentiation assays of mesenchymal stem cells, SIRT7 knockdown activated the osteogenic program and worsened calcification, especially in the presence of high (20 mmol/l) glucose. In the myeloid cell line THP-1, SIRT7 downregulation drove a pro-calcific phenotype, whereas SIRT7 overexpression prevented high-glucose-induced calcification. Through the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, high glucose induced miR-125b-5p, which in turn targeted SIRT7 in myeloid cells and was directly associated with coronary calcification.

Conclusions/interpretation
We describe a new pathway elicited by high glucose through the JAK/STAT cascade, involving regulation of SIRT7 by miR-125b-5p and driving calcification by myeloid cells. This pathway is associated with coronary calcification in diabetic individuals and may be a target against diabetic vascular disease.

Data availability
RNA sequencing data are deposited in GEO (accession number GSE193510; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE193510).

Graphical abstract