bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate 3D frequency-domain seismic wave modeling with the wavelength-adaptive 27-point finite-difference stencil: A tool for full-waveform inversion
Authors: Aghamiry Hossein S. , Gholami Ali , Combe Laure , Operto Stéphane 
Published: February 2022

Efficient frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) of long-offset node data can be performed with a few frequencies. The seismic response of these frequencies can be computed with compact finite-difference stencils on regular Cartesian grid with direct or hybrid direct/iterative methods. Compactness, which is necessary to mitigate the fill-in induced by the lower-upper factorization, is implemented with second-order stencils, whereas accuracy is achieved by building a consistent mass matrix and a compound stiffness matrix with optimal weights so that the stencil covers the eight cells surrounding the central point, leading to a 27-point stencil. Classical approaches estimate constant weights by jointly minimizing numerical dispersion in homogeneous media for several numbers of grid points per wavelength ([Formula: see text]). Then, the impedance matrix is built by using these constant weights at each central point covering the heterogeneous subsurface model, leading to nonuniform wavefield accuracy. Instead, we estimate [Formula: see text]-dependent weights once and for all by minimizing dispersion separately for each value of [Formula: see text] in a range found in FWI applications. Then, we build the impedance matrix without computational overhead by selecting at each central point the weights corresponding to the local [Formula: see text], hence leading to a wavelength-adaptive stencil. This separate approach with adaptive weights makes wavefield accuracy uniform. We benchmark wavefields, which are computed in several 3D large-scale subsurface models with a sparse multifrontal direct solver and the nonadaptive/adaptive stencils, against analytical solutions when available and the highly accurate discretization-free convergent Born series method. Each benchmark reveals the higher accuracy of the adaptive stencil relative to the nonadaptive one. In the presence of sharp contrasts, the adaptive stencil also is more accurate than a classical [Formula: see text] finite-different time-domain staggered-grid stencil. The relevance of the adaptive stencil is finally illustrated with a 3D FWI case study in the 3.5–13 Hz frequency band.
Management of lithium intoxication
Authors: Murphy Niamh , Redahan Lynn , Lally John 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYLithium is a gold standard maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder. It has a narrow therapeutic range, and at higher serum lithium levels there is a risk of adverse effects and toxicity. There are three patterns of lithium intoxication: acute, acute-on-chronic and chronic. We describe risk factors for lithium intoxication, mechanisms of toxicity and clinical symptoms seen in lithium intoxication. We describe both the acute and chronic effects of lithium toxicity. Lithium intoxication may be life-threatening and associated with longer-term sequelae. The management of lithium intoxication involves determining the type of intoxication. We discuss treatment strategies aimed at reducing absorption and increasing elimination of lithium. We discuss clinical indications for extracorporeal methods such as dialysis, which are used to limit the time and degree of exposure of the central nervous system to toxic lithium concentrations. Haemodialysis is the most rapid method of eliminating lithium from the body, but careful monitoring is required. Preventive strategies to mitigate the risk for lithium intoxication are discussed.
Beyond the ‘normal’ worries: detection and treatment of perinatal anxiety and anxiety disorders
Authors: Lorenzo Laura S. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYIn clinical psychiatry, it is common to see pregnant and postpartum patients who express excessive anxiety and concerns about pregnancy or childbearing. This implies the need to distinguish between symptoms that could be considered to be an expected reaction to the situation, the diagnosis of an anxiety disorder or the presence of pregnancy-related (pregnancy-specific) anxiety. The last presents as a specific clinical phenomenon, identified in the literature as concerns exclusively linked to the situation of pregnancy or childbirth. In this article I review key points in the differential diagnosis of perinatal anxiety and its impact on both the pregnancy and the baby, as well as aspects of detection and diagnosis. I also give a brief summary of possible management approaches and treatments.
Dynamical system study for accretion discs: Differences between dark energy and adiabatic profiles
Authors: Deogharia Giridhari , Biswas Ritabrata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article accreting scenarios for adiabatic and dark energy are both chosen to construct phase portrait analysis. Components of Navier-Stokes equations and equation of state are picked to construct the nonlinear dynamics of accretion. Central singularities are observed to be formed in the phase diagram. Different regions in the phase diagrams are partitioned to study the nature of the gradients for radial speed and sonic speed. This study may shed some light on the inner disc activities.
Pax6 loss alters the morphological and electrophysiological development of mouse prethalamic neurons
Authors: Tian Tian , Quintana-Urzainqui Idoia , Kozić Zrinko , Pratt Thomas , Price David J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPax6 is a well-known regulator of early neuroepithelial progenitor development. Its constitutive loss has a particularly strong effect on the developing prethalamus, causing it to become extremely hypoplastic. To overcome this difficulty in studying the long-term consequences of Pax6 loss for prethalamic development, we used conditional mutagenesis to delete Pax6 at the onset of neurogenesis and studied the developmental potential of the mutant prethalamic neurons in vitro. We found that Pax6 loss affected their rates of neurite elongation, the location and length of their axon initial segments, and their electrophysiological properties. Our results broaden our understanding of the long-term consequences of Pax6 deletion in the developing mouse forebrain, suggesting that it can have cell-autonomous effects on the structural and functional development of some neurons.
Micro-biopsies: a less invasive technique for investigating human muscle fiber mechanics
Authors: Rice Paige E. , Nimphius Sophia , Abbiss Chris , Zwetsloot Kevin A. , Nishikawa Kiisa 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate that muscle fiber mechanics can be assessed on micro-biopsies obtained from human medial gastrocnemii. Three micro-biopsy samples were collected from female dancers (n=15). Single fibers and fiber bundles were isolated and passively stretched from 2.4 to 3.0 µm at 0.015 and 0.04 µm s−1 (n=50 fibers total) and in five increments at 0.12 µm s−1 (n=42 fibers total). Muscle fibers were then activated isometrically at 2.4 µm (n=4 fibers total) and 3.0 µm (n=3 fibers total). Peak stress and steady-state stress were significantly greater (P&lt;0.0001) after stretching at 0.04 µm s−1 than at 0.015 µm s−1. Furthermore, peak stresses and steady-state stresses increased non-linearly with fiber length (P&lt;0.0001). We conclude that active and passive muscle fiber mechanics can be investigated using tissue from micro-biopsies.
Chiral Supramolecular Polymer Formed via Host-Guest Complexation of an Octaphosphonate Biscavitand and a Chiral Diammonium Guest
Authors: Hamada Koki , Shimoyama Daisuke , Hirao Takehiro , Haino Takeharu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chiral supramolecular polymers were constructed through the host-guest complexation of an octaphosphonate biscavitand and a chiral diammonium guest. Isothermal titration calorimetry determined that host-guest complexation was enthalpy- and entropy-favored with high binding constants. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy and viscometry of the host-guest solution revealed that supramolecular polymerization occurred, which most likely followed a ring-chain mechanism. The cyclic oligomers and the supramolecular polymer chains were visualized by atomic force microscopy. Circular dichroism was observed when the octaphosphonate biscavitand and the chiral diammonium guest were mixed, which suggested that chirally twisted supramolecular polymers were formed.
Estimating the percentage of patients who might benefit from proton beam therapy instead of X-ray radiotherapy
Authors: Burnet Neil G , Mee Thomas , Gaito Simona , Kirkby Norman F , Aitkenhead Adam H , Anandadas Carmel N , Aznar Marianne C , Barraclough Lisa H , Borst Gerben , Charlwood Frances C , Clarke Matthew , Colaco Rovel J , Crellin Adrian M , Defourney Noemie N , Hague Christina J , Harris Margaret , Henthorn Nicholas T , Hopkins Kirsten I , Hwang E , Ingram Sam P , Kirkby Karen J , Lee Lip W , Lines David , Lingard Zoe , Lowe Matthew , Mackay Ranald I , McBain Catherine A , Merchant Michael J , Noble David J , Pan Shermaine , Price James M , Radhakrishna Ganesh , Reboredo-Gil David , Salem Ahmed , Sashidharan Srijith , Sitch Peter , Smith Ed , Smith Edward AK , Taylor Michael J , Thomson David J , Thorp Nicola J , Underwood Tracy SA , Warmenhoven John W , Wylie James P , Whitfield Gillian 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: High-energy Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) commenced in England in 2018 and NHS England commissions PBT for 1.5% of patients receiving radical radiotherapy. We sought expert opinion on the level of provision. Methods: Invitations were sent to 41 colleagues working in PBT, most at one UK centre, to contribute by completing a spreadsheet. 39 responded: 23 (59%) completed the spreadsheet; 16 (41%) declined, arguing that clinical outcome data are lacking, but joined six additional site-specialist oncologists for two consensus meetings. The spreadsheet was pre-populated with incidence data from Cancer Research UK and radiotherapy use data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. ‘Mechanisms of Benefit’ of reduced growth impairment, reduced toxicity, dose escalation and reduced second cancer risk were examined. Results: The most reliable figure for percentage of radical radiotherapy patients likely to benefit from PBT was that agreed by 95% of the 23 respondents at 4.3%, slightly larger than current provision. The median was 15% (range 4–92%) and consensus median 13%. The biggest estimated potential benefit was from reducing toxicity, median benefit to 15% (range 4–92%), followed by dose escalation median 3% (range 0 to 47%); consensus values were 12 and 3%. Reduced growth impairment and reduced second cancer risk were calculated to benefit 0.5% and 0.1%. Conclusions: The most secure estimate of percentage benefit was 4.3% but insufficient clinical outcome data exist for confident estimates. The study supports the NHS approach of using the evidence base and developing it through randomised trials, non-randomised studies and outcomes tracking. Advances in knowledge: Less is known about the percentage of patients who may benefit from PBT than is generally acknowledged. Expert opinion varies widely. Insufficient clinical outcome data exist to provide robust estimates. Considerable further work is needed to address this, including international collaboration; much is already underway but will take time to provide mature data.
A pilot study assessing the similarity between core outcome sets and outcomes included in health technology assessments
Authors: Cox Peter , R. Williamson Paula , Dodd Susanna 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Core outcome sets (COS) are an agreed standardised collection of outcomes created with representation from all key stakeholders (such as patients, clinicians, researchers), which should be reported as a minimum for all trials in that corresponding clinical area. There has been little research investigating the use of core outcomes in Health technology assessments (HTAs) and none in non-oncology HTAs. This study aimed to assess the similarity between COS and HTA outcomes. Methods: Ten COS published between 2015 and 2019 were selected, with patient participation taken as a proxy measure for a high quality COS. The INAHTA database was used as a source to identify relevant HTAs, which were accessed through the hyperlinks provided. Outcomes selected for these assessments were categorised as either a specific, partial or no match compared to the COS. An additional cohort of non-oncology HTAs published between 2019 and 2021 were identified from the NICE website and compared against a relevant COS. Results: Six hundred and fifty-one HTAs were matched to the ten COS areas, of which 119 were reviewed. Of a possible 1318 core outcome matches, there were 562 (43%) matches, 413 (31%) specific and 149 (11%) partial. NICE HTA matches against corresponding COS ranged from 44% to 100%, with a total of 78% (73/94) matches, 57 (61%) specific and 16 (17%) partial. Conclusion: Further work is required to promote the awareness and implementation of COS within HTAs. The degree of matching between COS and NICE HTA outcomes is encouraging, demonstrating acceptance of COS by HTA producers.
Barriers and facilitators of using outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation in South Africa
Authors: Ntsiea Veronica , Mudzi Witnes , Maleka Douglas , Comley-White Nicolette , Pilusa Sonti 
Published: February 2022

Background/AimsDespite outcome measures being found to be useful in stroke rehabilitation, surveys have indicated that therapists do not use them regularly. The aim of this study was to identify outcome measures commonly used in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke in South Africa and the barriers and facilitators to their use.MethodsA mixed-methods study was used. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire to establish the outcome measures used by physiotherapists was undertaken first, and then qualitative interviews of physiotherapists were carried out to establish the barriers and facilitators to the use of outcome measures used in stroke rehabilitation.ResultsThe most commonly used impairment level outcome measure was the Modified Ashworth Scale (84%), while for activity limitation and participation restriction the Berg Balance Scale (96%) and the Stroke Impact Scale (32%) were used. The factors found to have an influence on the choice of outcome measure included time taken to complete the outcome measure, ability to integrate the outcome measure into daily practice, funds to buy the outcome measure, and the physiotherapist's knowledge of the outcome measure.ConclusionsThe most commonly used outcome measures are the Modified Ashworth Scale, the Berg Balance Scale and the Stroke Impact Scale. Physiotherapists mainly use outcome measures that are freely available, easy to understand, not time consuming, require less space to administer and are meaningful to patients.
Measuring Four Personal Opportunities for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Prohn Seb M. , Dinora Parthenia , Broda Michael D. , Bogenschutz Matthew , Lineberry Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study tests an empirically derived model for measuring personal opportunities for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) using National Core Indicators In-Person Survey (NCI-IPS) state and national datasets. The four personal opportunities measured, (a) privacy rights, (b) everyday choice, (c) community participation, and (d) expanded friendships, were informed by existing conceptualizations of service as well as NCI-IPS measures. Analyses confirmed the fit of a four-factor model and demonstrated that factors were significantly and positively correlated. To demonstrate the relationships between personal opportunities and personal and environmental characteristics, we estimated a structural equation model that regressed personal opportunities on age, gender, place of residence, and level of intellectual disability. Implications for using personal opportunities for evaluating service quality of IDD systems are discussed.
Population-based assessment of factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for adults with dengue infection in Taiwan
Authors: Lien Chia-En , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Shen Yi-Jung , Tsai Theodore , Huang Nicole 
Published: February 2022

Background
Antibiotic treatment for dengue is likely considerable and potentially avoidable but has not been well characterized. This study aimed to assess antibiotic prescribing for confirmed dengue cases in outpatient and inpatient settings and to identify associated patient, physician and contextual factors.

Methods
57,301 adult dengue cases reported in Taiwan between 2008–2015 were analyzed. We assessed both outpatient and inpatient claims data of dengue patients from a week before to a week after their dengue infections were confirmed under Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program. A multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate the probability of antibiotic prescribing in dengue patients.

Results
Overall, 24.6% of dengue patients were prescribed an antibiotic during the 14 day-assessment period. Antibiotics were prescribed in 6.1% and 30.1% of outpatient visits and inpatient admissions, respectively. Antibiotic prescriptions were reduced by ~50% in epidemic years. Among inpatients, advanced age, females, and major comorbidities were risk factors for receipt of an antibiotic; antibiotics were used in 26.0% of inpatients after dengue was diagnosed. Significant differences in antibiotic prescribing practices were observed among physicians in outpatient settings but not in inpatient settings.

Conclusions
In addition to patient and physician demographic characteristics, contextual factors such as care setting and during epidemics significantly influenced prescription of antibiotics. Characterization of prescribing patterns should help direct programs to curb antibiotic prescribing.
Bifascicular block in unexplained syncope is underrecognized and under-evaluated: A single-center audit of ESC guidelines adherence
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Asim , Saad Shaukat Muhammad Hamza , Ehtesham Moiz , Murawski Shannon , Singh Sukhraj , Alimohammad Rizwan 
Published: February 2022

Background
The presence of bifascicular block on electrocardiography suggests that otherwise-unexplained syncope may be due to complete heart block. European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends investigating it with electrophysiology study (EPS). PPM is indicated if high-degree atrioventricular block is inducible. Long term rhythm monitoring with implantable loop recorder (ILR) is recommended if EPS is negative. We evaluated adherence to these guidelines.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective audit of adult patients with bifascicular block hospitalized for unexplained syncope between January 2018 and August 2019 under general medicine service. Patients with an alternative explanation for syncope were excluded. Guideline adherence was assessed by formal cardiology consult and whether EPS followed by ILR and/or PPM were offered.

Results
65 out of 580 adult patients (11.2%) admitted to general medicine service for syncope had a bifascicular block; 29 (5%) were identified to have bifascicular block and unexplained syncope. Median age was 77 ±10 years; 9 (31%) were female, and 6 (20.7%) patients had at least one prior hospital visit for syncope at our academic medical center. Cardiology was consulted on 17 (58.6%) patients. Two patients were evaluated by EPS (1 refused) followed by ILR. Overall, 3 out of 29 patients (10.3%) received guideline-directed evaluation during the hospitalization based on ESC guidelines. None of the patients received empiric PPM during the index hospitalization.

Conclusion
Among patients admitted to the general medicine service with unexplained syncope and bifascicular block, a minority (10.3%) underwent guideline-directed evaluation per ESC recommendations. Cardiology was consulted in 58.6% of cases.
17R/S-Benzo-RvD1, a synthetic resolvin D1 analogue, attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of acute vascular injury
Authors: Kim Alexander S. , Werlin Evan C. , Kagaya Hideo , Chen Mian , Wu Bian , Mottola Giorgio , Jan Masood , Conte Michael S. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Persistent inflammation following vascular injury drives neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Specialized lipid mediators (SPM) mediate resolution which attenuates inflammation and downstream NIH. We investigated the effects of a synthetic analogue of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on vascular cells and in a model of rat carotid angioplasty.

Methods
Human venous VSMC and endothelial cells (EC) were employed in migration, cell shape, toxicity, proliferation and p65 nuclear translocation assays. Murine RAW 264.7 cells were utilized to test the effect of pro-resolving compounds on phagocytic activity. A model of rat carotid angioplasty was used to evaluate the effects of 17R/S-benzo-RvD1 (benzo-RvD1) and 17R-RvD1 applied to the adventitia via 25% Pluronic gel. Immunostaining was utilized to examine Ki67 expression and leukocyte recruitment. Morphometric analysis was performed on arteries harvested 14 days after injury.

Results
Exposure to benzo-RvD1 attenuated PDGF- stimulated VSMC migration across a range of concentrations (0.1–100 nM), similar to that observed with 17R-RvD1. Pre-treatment with either Benzo-RvD1 or 17R-RvD1 (10, 100nM) attenuated PDGF-BB-induced VSMC cytoskeletal changes to nearly baseline dimensions. Benzo-RvD1 demonstrated modest anti-proliferative activity on VSMC and EC at various concentrations, without significant cytotoxicity. Benzo-RvD1 (10nM) inhibited p65 nuclear translocation in cytokine-stimulated EC by 21% (p<0.05), similar to 17R-RvD1. Consistent with pro-resolving activities of other SPM, both 17R-RvD1 and benzo-RvD1 increased the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against S. Aureus and Zymosan particles. There were no significant differences in Ki-67 or CD45 staining observed on day 3 after angioplasty. Periadventitial treatment with benzo-RvD1 reduced carotid neointimal area at 14 days compared to control (0.08 mm2 v. 0.18 mm2; p<0.05), with similar efficacy to 17R-RvD1.

Conclusions
17R/S-benzo-RvD1 and 17R-RvD1 exhibit similar pro-resolving and anti-migratory activity in cell-based assays, and both compounds attenuated NIH following acute arterial injury in rats. Further studies of the mechanisms of resolution following vascular injury, and the translational potential of SPM analogues, are indicated.