bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Knowledgeable are Non-Radiology Doctors on Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Faragai Aisha R. , Ugwu Anthony C. , Hassan Mohammed , Sidi Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Background: Due to the risk of hazard from ionizing radiation, non-radiology doctors who refer patients to the radiology departments ought to be knowledgeable enough about what their patients are subjected to. The high throughput of radiology requests in our centre in Nigeria justifies this study.
Aim: To evaluate the level of knowledge of non-radiology doctors on ionizing radiation with a view to reviewing local protocols on justification of investigations involving ionizing radiation.
Material and method: Eighty (80) structured questionnaires were administered to non-radiology doctors practising in different hospitals n Kano city, Nigeria. Answers were elicited on radiation protection principles, concept of ionizing radiation, radiation effects, imaging modalities that emit ionizing radiation, radiation measurements and attitude towards ionizing radiation.
Results: Seventy questionnaires were returned out of the eighty sent out with sixty-four (80 %) being properly filled. Knowledge of non-radiology doctors was variable on different indices; 15.6 %, n = 10 (fundamental principles of radiation protection); 45.3 %, n = 29 (effects of ionizing radiation); 34.4 %, n = 22 (knowledge on ionizing property of radiation); 73 %, n = 47 (emission of ionizing radiation by computed tomography); and 85.9 %, n = 55 (interest in specific modality).
Conclusion: Non-radiology doctors in Kano metropolis have fairly good knowledge of potential hazards of radiation.
A Review of Medical Imaging Innovations that Impacted Patient Care in Recent Decades as Link to Future Trends
Authors: Njoku Jerome Njoku , Abonyi Chibuzor 
Published: September 2022

Background: Medical Imaging has witnessed a revolution in technological advancement, being in the forefront among other disciplines in the health sector. Most of the earlier modalities that were largely analogue and mechanical have been replaced by automated and digitized technology.
Objective: To track the developments and innovations in certain aspects of medical imaging that have impacted positively on patient care.
Methods: Relevant literature were searched physically and online for both old and modern technological innovations in medical imaging and patient care.
Results: There have been new technologies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and the various ramifications of ultrasonography. Innovations in imaging modalities have brought increased diagnostic accuracy, much as examination time has been drastically shortened and radiation dose levels minimized or completely dispensed with. Manufacturing of portable equipment means that technology can now be taken to the patient and more time is dedicated to patient care. Introduction of digital radiography and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems have further impacted positively on efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery. Graduate degree programmes have invigorated radiographers’ drive for the discovery of new and better ways of diagnosis and treatment through research.
Conclusion: Innovations in technology have led to miniaturization of equipment making it possible to take services to the critically ill patients, thereby improving patients’ accessibility to medical care. Also patients’ exposure to ionizing radiation has reduced due to improvement in research and development of new modalities using radiant energies other than ionizing radiation.
Factors that affect Teaching and Learning among Undergraduate Radiography Students in two Nigerian Universities.
Authors: Chiegwu Uche , Ugwuanyi Chimuanya D , Ofokansi Chigozie F. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To understand undergraduate radiography students’ perception on effective teaching and learning.
Methods: Two hundred (200) radiography students from different academic levels of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus and University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, were enlisted. Self-completion semi- structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from students on their perception of the teaching methods employed by lecturers.
Results: Results revealed that factors such as teaching methods, lecturers’ knowledge of the subject, their disposition at lectures, use of clear concepts and their practical applications, learning environment, use of visual teaching aids, and use of non-judgmental feedback on students’ work can influence effective learning. Other influencing factors included workload and lecture scheduling, student academic level, age, gender and availability of facilities.
Conclusion: The academic performance of students is not only influenced by the lecturer’s knowledge of the subject but also the method used, available facilities, the age and academic level of the students.
Paediatric Diagnostic Reference levels in low Resource Settings: A Guide for developing Country Practitioners with excerpts from ICRP 135
Authors: Nkubli Flavious , Nzotta Chukwuemeka , Nwobi Chigozie , Dlama Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Background: The practical implementation of Diagnostic Reference Level in pediatric imaging is a complex task due to their unique individuality in terms of high sensitivity to radiation, varying body sizes and presenting pathology. Hence, good knowledge of medical technology, skill to perform patient dosimetry and to analyze mage quality is required.
Purpose: To provide a guide on the methodological requirements for the establishment of Paediatric Diagnostic Reference Levels (PiDRLs) based on the revised and updated guidelines from the current ICRP publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).
Materials and method: An extensive review of the ICRP report Publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference levels in medical imaging with a focus on paediatric imaging and other related studies were undertaken.
Results: The ICRP report 135 updates and refines the recommendations of 2001. It highlights that the application of DRLs in paediatrics alone is not sufficient for the optimization of protection. Image quality must be evaluated. Quantities used for DRLs should be appropriate to the imaging modality being evaluated, assess the amount of ionizing radiation applied to perform a medical imaging task, and be measured directly. For interventional procedures, the complexity of the procedure may be considered in setting DRLs. DRLs shall not be used for individual patients or as trigger (alert or alarm) levels for individual patients. Appropriate weight bands (generally with 5 or 10 kg intervals) are recommended for establishing paediatric DRLs and should be promoted.
Conclusion: The amount of radiation used for examinations of children can vary tremendously due to the great variation in patient size and weight from neonates to adult-sized adolescents. This variation in patient radiation dose is appropriate. However, variation in patient doses due to inappropriate technique or failure to child-size the imaging protocol is not appropriate. This forms the basis of the new ICRP guideline and should form the basis of developing PiDRLs.
Hysterosalphingograpy Findings In Infertile Women: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Mohammed Sidi , Abdurrahman Ashiru Auta 
Published: September 2022

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a valuable radiological procedure for imaging the female reproductive tract. Structural abnormalities on hysterosalpingography (HSG) are among the important factors in the evaluation of female infertility.
Objectives: The study was aimed at reviewing the available literature on hysterosalpingography findings in infertile women, identifying the missing gap in the subject area, coming up which area of further that will further enhance the role of HSG in the diagnosis of infertility.
Methods: The study was a systemic review that focused on the literature on the topic and keywords of research. The references were obtained using a database; IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, Cochrane and MEDLINE. The search terms used were; hysterosalpingography findings, HSG, detection of infertility, fluoroscopic examinations. The inclusion criteria are articles published in the English language, non-duplicated and those that full text is available online.
Result: Eleven articles were considered for the review. Four of the articles were prospective, whereas the other seven were retrospective studies. Ten of the reviewed articles are from Africa and only one is from Asia. The most frequent finding in the reviewed articles on the two continents was bilateral tubal blockage whereas the least frequent finding is associated with the cervix. The majority of the reviewed articles used short study duration, retrospective, or small sample size. None of the reviewed articles established a relationship between the HSG findings with demographic information or clinical history of the selected subjects.
Conclusion: The findings of the published articles have proven the potentiality of HSG in detecting uterine abnormalities related to infertility. None of the reviewed articles established a relationship between the HSG findings with demographic information or clinical history of the selected subjects.
Motivational Factors as a Driver for Success for First-Year Students at a Selected Public University in South Africa
Authors: Moosa Moeniera , Aloka Peter JO 
Published: September 2022

Remaining motivated is vital to enable continued focus and success for university students. This study examined motivational factors as a driver for success for first year students at a selected public university in South Africa. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design and participants included 312 first year students from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg who were purposively selected from the 2020 first year Bachelor of Education cohort. Data were collected by means of open-ended survey questions in the first and sixth week of lectures. Alderfer’s Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory (1969) and Vroom’s (1964) theories of motivations were used as the analytic framework. The qualitative findings indicated significant reliance by students on external motivating factors as compared to internal motivating factors. In practice, university structures could strengthen orientation programmes for first year students at the university as these programmes would be an external motivator to enable student success.
Global stability of a HCV dynamics model with cellular proliferation and delay
Authors: Nangue Alexis , Fokam Tacteu Armel Willy , Guedlai Ayouba 
Published: September 2022

In this work, we propose and investigate a delay cell population model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with cellular proliferation, absorption effect and a nonlinear incidence function. First of all, after having shown the existence of the local solutions of our model, we show the existence of the global solutions and positivity. Moreover, we determine the uninfected equilibrium point and the basic reproduction rate R0, which is a threshold number in mathematical epidemiology. After showing the existence and uniqueness of the infected equilibrium point, we proceed to the study of the local and global stability of this equilibrium. We show that if R0 < 1, the uninfected equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will disappear and if R0 > 1, we have a unique infected equilibrium that is globally asymptotically stable under some conditions. Finally, we perform some numerical simulations to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
The Effect Of Leadership And Work Motivation On Teachers' Work Ethos In Junior High School State Kualuh Downstream District
Authors: Maidiana Maidiana , Khairuddin Khairuddin 
Published: September 2022

Study this aim for study The Effect Of Leadership and Work Motivation On Teachers Work Ethos In Junior High School State Kualuh Downstream District. Study this based on because problem influencing factors teacher work ethic. Method study conducted with use approach quantitative. M method data collection is a technique or how to do for collect data. Method pointing something method so that could show us through study library and research related fields with observation, and questionnaire or questionnaire. Data analysis technique conducted with analysis regression Double, Significant Test (t), Simultaneous Test (Ftest), and Coefficient Determination (R Test). Research Results show that the Influence Among Leadership school principals against ethos work Teacher State Junior High School in the District of Kualuh Hilir. This thing can be proven from the results of SPSS 21 data processing which is obtained from the results of hypothesis testing that shows that sign < and analysis tcount = 4,028 while score t table = 1.68288 means score t count > score t table. Influence Among motivation teacher work on ethos Teacher's work State Junior High School in the District of Kualuh Hilir. This thing can be proven from the results of SPSS 21 data processing which is obtained from the results of hypothesis testing that show that sign < and analysis tcount = 7.412 whereas score t table = 1.68288. Influence Among leadership and motivation teacher work on ethos Teacher's work Simultaneously, all public junior high schools in the Kualuh Hilir sub-district. This thing can be proven from the results of SPSS 21 data processing which is obtained the results of hypothesis testing that show that sign value < and Fcount 28,547 > F table 3,226, which means leadership and work motivation have a significant influence on the ethos of teacher work in SMP Negeri Se - Kualuh Hilir District, In Thing this the effect of 0.594, or have influence as big as 59,4.
Length-Weight relationship of mature Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha in Bangladesh
Authors: DAS BIMAL CHANDRA , AKTER MOUSUMI , KHATUN AMENA , MONIRUZZAMAN MD. , HOSSAIN MOSTAFA ALI REZA , RASHID HARUNUR 
Published: September 2022

An experiment was carried out to determine the length, weight, and Length-Weight Relationship of mature hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha, in Bangladesh to better manage the fish species. Total 480 Samples were collected from Meghna River, Chandpur, from July 2012 to June 2013 and Tentulia River, Barisal, from June 2013 to June 2014. Total length (TL) was measured using a measuring scale, and body weight (BW) was taken using an electric balance. Length-weight relationship (LWR) and the relative condition factor (Kn) of fishes were determined. In the case of female hilsa from Chandpur, the mean TL value varied from 37.21±0.81 to 42.58±0.80 cm, and for male, the mean TL value varied from 34.25±0.55 to 37.03±0.75. For female hilsa Barisal, the mean TL value for female hilsa was found to vary from 37.48±0.90 to 41.18±0.78 cm, and males, the mean TL value varied from 34.80±0.69 to 37.19±0.59 cm. In the case of female hilsa Chandpur, the mean body weight varied from 762 ± 88.36 to 987.00 ± 113.07 g, and for males, the value varied from 453.60±19.25 g to 626.00 ± 18.02 g. For female hilsa Barisal, the mean body weight varied from 639.50 ± 0.71g to 992.00±61.93g, and for males, the value varied from 523.00±35.96 g to 598.00 ± 31.26 g. The highest Kn value for female was recorded in October (1.0688), the lowest was in May (0.8607), and the highest male Kn value was observed in November (1.0197), but the lowest was in July (0.9974) for hilsa in Meghna River, Chandpur. The highest female Kn value was found in April (1.0895), and the lowest was in December (0.9023). The highest male Kn value was observed in October (1.032), but the lowest was in July (0.9988) for hilsa in Tentulia River, Barisal.
Biosecurity practices in hatcheries of high value fishes
Authors: BASAK DOLA , JAHAN FATEMA , HALIM K.M. ABDUL , ALI MD. NAWSHAD , FARUK MD. ALI REZA 
Published: September 2022

The present study was conducted to know the status of biosecurity from some commercial fish hatcheries producing high value fish seeds including gulsha (Mystus cavasius), shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) and koi (Anabas testudineus) in Mymensingh and Jessore districts. Data was collected from 90 hatcheries of each district through questionnaire interview. Biosecurity status of hatcheries was evaluated through some previously set criteria including infrastructure, restriction on entry of visitors, use of foot bath, protective clothing, hatchery hygiene, disinfection and sanitation, record keeping, hatchery personnel’s academic qualification and training. Severe lacking on some biosecurity measures were observed such as use of foot bath, restriction on visitors, record keeping system, pest control management, proper disinfection of equipment, and feed inspection. No hatchery owners were found to use any protective clothing and vaccination. Some biosecurity measures were found quite satisfactory such as good hygiene (86%), cleaning of hatchery units (100%), water quality (78%), stocking of disease free broods (77.50%) and internal quarantine procedure (80%). Hatchery owners reported some diseases in brood fishes which included gill and fin rot, abdominal distension, ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion and whitish appurtenance. Overall the biosecurity status in hatcheries was not that satisfactory. It is thus important to improve biosecurity status in fish hatcheries through updated training of hatchery personnel.
Life-history traits of grey mullet, Liza parsia in the Passur River of Southern Bangladesh: Implications for effective management
Authors: ASADUJJAMAN MD. , KHAN MD. NURUZZAMAN , MAHFUJ SAROWER , AKRAM WASIM , ISLAM SK INJAMAMUL , SABBIR WASIM 
Published: September 2022

The study of life-history features of least-concerned fishes like Liza parsia is critical for developing long-term management and conservation methods for this species. The current study delivers the very first detailed clarification of life-history traits (LHT), containing length-frequency distribution (LFD), length-weight and length-length relationships (LWR and LLR), form factor (a3.0), condition factors, length at first sexual maturity (Lm), natural mortality (Mw) and optimum catchable length (Lopt) of L. parsia from the Passur River in southern Bangladesh. Fish samples (n =150) were randomly collected from May to August 2021, using gill nets. Each individual fish's total length (TL), fork length (FL), standard length (SL), and bodyweight (BW) were recorded. The size classes of TL were 15–17cmleadingmaximum sizes among the fish population. Length-Weight relations (LWR) from exponential b values (TL vs. BW) revealed a negative allometric growth trend (b = 2.6174). The b value based on the LLR similarly specifies the identical growth configuration. The a3.0 score was determined to be 0.01, demonstrating that the fish has extended body morphology. KF is the finest method for measuring the well-being of L. parsia in the Passur River among the four types of condition parameters. Moreover, WR also showed a significant deviation from 100 (p < 0.05) signifying an unstable habitat for L. parsia. The calculated Lm, Mw and Lopt values were 11.20 cm in TL, 0.76/year and 12.64 cm in TL respectively. As a consequence, the findings of this research could be conducted in the future to effectively manage this species in the Passur River, and its interconnecting environments.
Study of the spawning season of Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha in Bangladesh
Authors: DAS BIMAL CHANDRA , SWATI SABEQUN NAHAR , KHATUN TAHMINA , MONIRUZZAMAN MD. , RASHID HARUNUR 
Published: September 2022

An experiment was carried out on the reproductive biology of riverine populations of Tenualosa ilisha in Bangladesh to identify peak breeding season using gonadal biology and gonadosomatic index (GSI) information, reproductive and fry production potentiality, which will finally lead to development strategies for conservation of Hilsa fish species. Total 480 Samples were collected from Meghna River, Chandpur, from July 2012 to June 2013 and Tentulia River, Barisal from June 2013 to June 2014. Both Total length (TL) and Gonad length (GL) were measured using a measuring scale, and both Body weight (BW) and Gonad weight (GW) were taken using an electric balance. To detect the peak spawning activity of hilsa of the Meghna River and Tentulia River, the GSI and Dobriyal index (DI) were calculated. The mean GSI value for both female and male hilsa of the Meghna River was found to be varied from 4.84±0.63 to 15.31±1.17 and 0.32±0.04 to 1.04±0.08, respectively, with the highest value in October. In the case of the Tentulia River, the mean GSI value for female and male hilsa was found to be varied from 6.33±0.39 to 15.03±0.37 and 0.32±0.03 to 1.00±0.06, respectively, with the peak in October. Mean DI of female and male hilsa of Meghna River, Chandpur was found to be ranged from 3.31±0.23 to 5.15±0.17 and 1.18±0.04 to 1.71±0.03 respectively, and October was the highest. Mean DI value of female and male hilsa of Tentulia River, Barisal varied from 3.63±0.15 to 5.00±0.12 and 1.18±0.04 to 1.70±0.03 respectively, with the peak in October. Both the GSI and DI results of the present study suggested that hilsa has a prolonged spawning season, but major spawning takes place in October–November, with a distinct peak in October, indicating the peak spawning season for hilsa in Bangladesh.
About Solvents Used in Laboratory Analyses
Authors: Ермолаев Сергей Вячеславович 
Published: September 2022

При спектральных анализах в ультрафиолетовом (УФ) (200-400 нм) и инфракрасном (ИК) спектрах к чистоте анализируемых продуктов и, вследствие этого, к используемым растворителям предъявляются высокие требования. Описаны методы очистки растворителей дистиллированной воды, этилового спирта, пиридина и сорбента активного угля. Приведены спектры: дистиллированной воды, очищенной с KMnO4 и на катионите АВ-17-2П; этилового спирта до и после его очистки кипячением над NaOH. В дистиллированную воду добавляли перманганат калия, повторно перегоняли, обессоливали на катионите и анионите. Перед применением воду нагревали для удаления растворенного воздуха. После чего в такой воде есть незначительное светопоглощение при длине волны 205-270 нм и выше 700 нм. Дистиллят промышленного этанола после обработки обладал высокой прозрачностью в ультрафиолетовой части спектра. Примеси проявили оптическую активность при длине волн менее 240 нм. Пиридин, использованный в качестве экстрагента красящих веществ, после обработки оксидом бария фракционировали перегонкой. Активный уголь для очистки кипятили в воде. Дана рекомендация дополнительного очищения растворителей и сорбента, используемых при спектрофотометрических анализах.
In spectral analyses in the ultraviolet (UV) (200-400 nm) and infrared (IR) spectra, high requirements are placed on the purity of the analyzed products and, consequently, on the solvents used. Methods of purification of distilled water solvents, ethyl alcohol, pyridine and activated carbon sorbent are described. The spectra are given: distilled water purified with KMnO4 and on AB-17-2P cationite; ethyl alcohol before and after its purification by boiling over NaOH. Potassium permanganate was added to distilled water, re-distilled, desalted on cationite and anionite. Before use, the water was heated to remove dissolved air. After that, there is a slight light absorption in such water at a wavelength of 205-270 nm and above 700 nm. Distillate of industrial ethanol after processing had high transparency in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. The impurities showed optical activity at wavelengths less than 240 nm. Pyridine, which we used as an extractant of coloring substances, was fractionated by distillation after treatment with barium oxide. Activated carbon for purification was boiled in water. The recommendation of additional purification of solvents and sorbent used in spectrophotometric analyses is given.