bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of the dissection of common hepatic arterial lymph nodes in patients with oesophageal carcinoma: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: He Huang-He , Hao Zhexue , Li Zhuoyi , Cheng Fei , Fu Junhui , Wang Wei , He Jiaxi , Luo Jinhua , He Jianxing 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the significance of intraoperative common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection in patients with ooesophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) without coeliac trunk lymph node metastasis indicated by abdominal enhanced CT.MethodsPatients aged 18–75 years who underwent oesophagectomy in three medical centres from June 2012 to June 2015, for whom R0 resection was completed and lymph node metastasis in the abdominal trunk was not identified before the operation were retrospectively analysed. The effects of the application value of common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection on survival were evaluated in patients with ESCC without coeliac trunk lymph node metastasis indicated by preoperative CT. According to the eighth version ofAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging, we selected patients with a Pathological Tumor Node Metastasis (pTNM) stage ranging from IA to IVA for analysis.ResultsAmong the 816 qualified patients, 577 did not have coeliac trunk lymph node metastasis based on preoperative abdominal enhanced CT, and common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection was performed during the operation (observation group). Two hundred and thirty-nine preoperative CT examinations indicated no coeliac trunk lymph node metastasis, and common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection was not performed during the operation (control group). A multifactor Cox proportional hazards model showed no risk factors for overall survival (OS) (adjusted HR (HRadj)=0.91; p=0.404) or disease-free survival (DFS) (HRadj=0.86; p=0.179), regardless of whether common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection was performed. For patients with positive left gastric arterial lymph node metastasis, a multifactor Cox proportional hazards model indicated that common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection was a risk factor for OS (HRadj=0.63; p=0.035) and DFS (HRadj=0.58; p=0.026).ConclusionsFor patients with ESCC without celiac trunk metastasis indicated by abdominal enhanced CT, common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection conferred no survival benefits. However, for patients with left gastric arterial lymph node metastasis, common hepatic arterial lymph node dissection was beneficial.
Feasibility of an individualised, task-oriented, video-supported home exercise programme for arm function in patients in the subacute phase after stroke: protocol of a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Wanner Miriam , Schönherr Gudrun , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael , Müller Christoph , Seebacher Barbara 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionStroke rehabilitation guidelines suggest a high-frequency task-oriented training at high intensity. A targeted and self-paced daily training with intermittent supervision is recommended to improve patients’ self-management and functional output. So far, there is conflicting evidence concerning the most effective home-training delivery method.Methods and analysisThe purpose of this pilot study is to compare the feasibility and preliminary effects of task-oriented home-exercises in patients in the subacute stage after stroke. Twenty-four patients will be randomised (1:1) to a Video group (a) or Paper group (b) of an individualised, task-oriented home-training (50 min, 6×/week, for 4 weeks) based on Wulf and Lewthwaite’s Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning theory of motor learning. Patient-relevant goals will be identified using Goal Attainment Scaling and exercises progressively adapted. Semistructured interviews and a logbook will be used to monitor adherence, arm use and acceptability. Primary outcome will be the feasibility of the methods and a full-scale trial employing predefined feasibility criteria (recruitment, retention and adherence rates, patients’ satisfaction with the home-exercise programme and their progress, affected hand use and acceptance of the intervention). Assessed at baseline, post intervention and 4-week follow-up, secondary outcomes include self-perceived hand and arm use, actual upper extremity function and dexterity, hand strength, independence in activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Interview data will be analysed using qualitative content analysis. Medians (ranges) will be reported for ordinal data, means (SD) for continuous and frequency (percentage) for nominal data.Ethics and disseminationThis study follows the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Extension guideline. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (1304/2020). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Study results will be disseminated to participating patients, patient organisations, via the clinic’s homepage, relevant conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberDRKS-ID: DRKS00023395.Study protocol, second revision, 5 December 2021.
Smoking-related behaviour changes among Korean men after the 2015 tobacco price increase: assessing the implications for the tobacco endgame using a reconstructed retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Cho Sung-il 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of Korea’s 2015 tax policy, discuss its effectiveness and limitations and present future directions for tax policy in the context of the tobacco endgame.DesignA retrospectively reconstructed cohort study.SettingKorea, August 2014–October 2015.ParticipantsThe study examined 41,605 male smokers aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2015 Korea Community Health Survey.Measures and analysisBinary and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of the tax policy on smoking-related behaviour. We adjusted for demographic and health-related variables.ResultsAmong 41,605 men who were smokers in 2014, 15,499 (35.85%, weighted) reported being affected by the price increase. Of all smokers, 1,772 (3.96%, weighted) reported quitting smoking because of the tobacco price increase. Others reduced their smoking amount (n=9,714, 22.48%, weighted) or made other changes such as switching brands (n=4,013, 9.41%, weighted). An additional 2,401 smokers (5.72%, weighted) quit smoking for reasons other than the tobacco price increase. Compared with those in the highest quintile of household income, the odds that those in the lowest quintile quit smoking due to the price increase were almost twice as high (OR=1.98, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.54).ConclusionsKorea’s 2015 tobacco price increase affected a significant number of smokers within a year, especially in the lowest income group, inducing some to quit or reduce their smoking amount. However, more smokers quit for reasons independent of the price change. Tax policy can effectively reduce smoking, but needs to be combined with other policies for optimal results.
Lessons learned on the experienced facilitators and barriers of implementing a tailored VBHC model in a Dutch university hospital from a perspective of physicians and nurses
Authors: Lansdaal Dane , van Nassau Femke , van der Steen Marije , Bruijne Martine de , Smeulers Marian 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to obtain insight into experienced facilitators and barriers of implementing a tailored value-based healthcare (VBHC) model in a Dutch university hospital from a perspective of physicians and nurses.MethodA descriptive qualitative study with 12 physicians, nurses and managers of seven different care pathways who were involved in the implementation of a tailored VBHC methodology was conducted. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data guided by all factors of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).FindingsThe method designed for the implementation of a tailored VBHC methodology was appointed as a structured guide for the process. Throughout the implementation process, leadership and team dynamics were considered as important for the implementation to succeed. Also, sharing experiences with other value teams and the cooperation with external Information Technology (IT) teams in the hospital was mentioned as desirable. The involvement of patients, that is part of the VBHC methodology, was considered useful in the decision-making and improvement of the care process because it gave better insights in topics that are important for patients. The time-consuming nature of the implementation process was named as barrier to the VBHC methodology. On top of that, the shaping of the involvement of patients and the ongoing changes in departments were established as difficult. Finally, working with the Electronic Health Records and acquiring the necessary digital skills were considered to be often forgotten and, thus, hindering implementation.ConclusionClinical Healthcare organisations implementing a tailored VBHC methodology will benefit from the use of a structured implementation methodology, a well-led strong team and cooperation with (external) teams and patients. However, shaping patient involvement, alignment with other departments and attention to digitisation were seen as a most important concerns in implementation and require further attention.
Health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perceptions among French hospital workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lucas David , Brient Sandrine , Eveillard Bisi Moriamo , Gressier Annabelle , LeGrand Tanguy , Pougnet Richard , Dewitte Jean-Dominique , Loddé Brice 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo compare global health, mental health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs in a hospital after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in France.MethodsA validated version of the SATIN (Santé Au Travail Inrs université Nancy 2)questionnaire with adapted scoring was used to collect data on health and impact of work stressors. This questionnaire was sent to all workers at a hospital in July 2020 and was self-administered online. In a multinomial regression model, we included HCW status, age, gender and front-line worker status as covariates.ResultsData from a total of 1405 participants were included. We found that being an HCW, male and front-line worker was a risk factor for negative perception of work demand (OR 7.35, 95% CI 4.2 to 11.47; OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.89; OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.06). Being an HCW was a predictive factor for stress (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.08), poor global health (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.55) and negative perception of work activity environment (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8).ConclusionWe have shown that all HCWs suffered from some health impact shortly after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak. We underline some stressors with high impact, including work demand, work abilities and organisational context, and emphasise the need for risk management.
Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Ahissou Noudéhouénou Crédo Adelphe , Benova Lenka , Delvaux Thérèse , Gryseels Charlotte , Dossou Jean-Paul , Goufodji Sourou , Kanhonou Lydie , Boyi Christelle , Vigan Armelle , Peeters Koen , Sato Miho , Matsui Mitsuaki 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin.DesignA mixed-methods design.Setting and participantsWe used the Benin 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey datasets for quantitative analysis. Data collection was conducted using multiple-cluster sampling method and through household survey. Qualitative part was conducted in the city of Allada, one of the Fon cultural capitals in Benin. The participants were purposively selected.OutcomesContraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for modern method and percentage of demand satisfied by a modern method for currently married and sexually active unmarried women were measured in the quantitative part. Access barriers and utilisation of modern methods were assessed in the qualitative part.ResultsOverall, 8.5% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.5%) among young women ages 15–24 were using modern contraceptives and 13% (12.1% to 14.0%) among women ages 25 or more. Women 15–24 had a higher unmet need, and a lower demand satisfied by modern contraceptive methods compared with women ages 25 or more. 60.8% (56.9% to 64.7%) of all unmarried young women had unmet need for modern contraceptives. Young women were more likely to use male condoms which they obtain mainly from for-profit outlets, pharmacies and relatives. The factors associated with demand satisfied by a modern method were literacy, being unmarried, knowing a greater number of modern contraceptive methods and experiencing barriers in access to health services. On the other hand, the qualitative study found that barriers to using modern methods include community norms about pre-marital sexual intercourse, perceptions about young women’s fertility, spousal consent and the use of non-modern contraceptives.ConclusionContraceptive use is low among young women in Benin. The use of modern contraceptives is influenced by sociodemographic factors and social norms. Appropriate interventions might promote comprehensive sexuality education, increase community engagement, provide youth-friendly services and address gender inequalities.
Informal caregiver support needs and burden: a survey in Lithuania
Authors: Biliunaite Ieva , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Sanderman Robbert , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionA demand for informal care exists worldwide. Lithuania presents an interesting case example where the need for the informal care is increasing, but relatively little research has been conducted documenting caregivers’ experiences and needs.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to investigate Lithuanian informal caregiver characteristics, support needs and burden. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 on the caregiver’s and care receiver’s well-being was investigated.MethodsThe study was conducted online between May and September 2020. Informal caregivers and individuals with informal caregiving experiences were invited to participate in the survey. The survey questionnaire comprised 38 multiple-choice items including participant demographic characteristics, availability of the support, support needs, well-being and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, caregiver burden was assessed with the 24-item Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI).ResultsA total of 226 individuals completed the survey. Most of the participants were women (87.6%). Almost half of the participants (48.7%) were not receiving any support, and a total of 73.9% expressed a need to receive more professional support. Participants were found to experience high burden on the CBI (M=50.21, SD=15.63). Women were found to be significantly more burdened than men (p=0.011). Even though many participants experienced psychological problems (55.8%), only 2.2% were receiving any psychological support. Finally, majority of the participants did not experience any changes in their own (63.7%) or the well-being of their care receiver (68.1%) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionMost of the participants were identified as intensive caregivers experiencing a high burden. A majority did not experience changes in their well-being due to COVID-19. We propose several recommendations for increasing accessibility and availability of support for informal caregivers in Lithuania based on the study findings.
Using Covariant Polarisation Sums in QCD
Authors: Kachelrieß M. , Malmquist M. N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCovariant gauges lead to spurious, non-physical polarisation states of gauge bosons. In QED, the use of the Feynman gauge,$$\sum _{\lambda } \varepsilon _\mu ^{(\lambda )}\varepsilon _\nu ^{(\lambda )*} = -\eta _{\mu \nu }$$∑λεμ(λ)εν(λ)∗=-ημν, is justified by the Ward identity which ensures that the contributions of non-physical polarisation states cancel in physical observables. In contrast, the same replacement can be applied only to a single external gauge boson in squared amplitudes of non-abelian gauge theories like QCD. In general, the use of this replacement requires to include external Faddeev–Popov ghosts. We present a pedagogical derivation of these ghost contributions applying the optical theorem and the Cutkosky cutting rules. We find that the resulting cross terms$$\mathcal {A}(c_1,\bar{c}_1;\ldots )\mathcal {A}(\bar{c}_1,c_1;\ldots )^*$$A(c1,c¯1;…)A(c¯1,c1;…)∗between ghost amplitudes cannot be transformed into$$(-1)^{n/2}|\mathcal {A}(c_1,\bar{c}_1;\ldots )|^2$$(-1)n/2|A(c1,c¯1;…)|2in the case of more than two ghosts. Thus the Feynman rule stated in the literature holds only for two external ghosts, while it is in general incorrect.
Has the Enemy “MET” Its Match? Subgroup Analysis Results from VISION Study
Authors: Rosner Samuel , Spira Alexander I. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Emerging therapies have recently received approval for the treatment of MET exon 14 skipping non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further characterization of these therapies, such as tepotinib, is needed to identify patient subgroups most likely to derive benefit from these novel agents.
See related article by Le et al., p. 1117
Abstract IA13: Predicting clonal evolution in pancreatic cancer survivors
Authors: Luksza Marta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Immune editing of neoantigens is crucial for the success of immunotherapies, but it is still unknown to what extent the immune system naturally edits evolving tumors and what is the fitness cost associated with the presence of neoantigens. Here we develop a biophysically grounded neoantigen quality model, which quantifies the immunogenicity of tumor neoantigens. We use the model to define the fitness of tumor clones as a combination of negative selection due to immune recognition and positive selection due to oncogenic mutations. We investigate how pancreatic cancers – a lowly mutated, poorly immunogenic cancer, largely presumed to not be subject to immunoediting – evolve over 10 years. Our patient cohort includes a set of long-term survivors, who are characterized by high levels of immune infiltration of their primary tumors. With the fitness model, we show that long-term survivors evolve new clones of markedly lower immune fitness cost, to indicate clones with high-quality neoantigens are negatively selected. Importantly, the fitness model predicts the clonal composition of recurrent tumors of the patients. Thus, we submit longitudinal evidence that the human immune system naturally edits neoantigens. Furthermore, we present a model that describes how tumor cell populations evolve under immune pressure over time, with implications for cancer biology and therapy.
Citation Format: Marta Luksza. Predicting clonal evolution in pancreatic cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Abstract P023: Mismatch repair deficiency is not sufficient to increase tumor immunogenicity
Authors: Westcott Peter M. K. , Remolar Francesc M. , Smith Olivia , Hauck Haley , Sacks Nathan J. , Ely Zackery A. , Jaeger Alex M. , Rideout William M. , Bhutkar Arjun , Zhang Daniel , Beytagh Mary C. , Bronson Roderick T. , Canner David A. , Naranjo Santiago , Jin Abbey , Patten J. J. , Cruz Amanda M. , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Jacks Tyler 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) in human cancer is associated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB), frameshift mutation-derived neoantigens, increased T cell infiltration, and remarkable responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Nevertheless, about half of these tumors do not respond to ICB for unclear reasons. While tumor cell line transplant models of dMMR have helped solidify the importance of TMB in immune response, critical questions remain regarding the role of immune surveillance in the evolution of dMMR tumors induced in vivo. Here, we developed autochthonous mouse models of lung and colon cancer with highly efficient ablation of MMR genes via in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 targeting. Surprisingly, dMMR in these models did not result in increased immunogenicity or response to ICB, which we showed is driven by profound intratumoral heterogeneity. Studies in animals depleted of T cells further demonstrated that immune surveillance in dMMR tumors has no impact on TMB but shapes the clonal architecture of neoantigens. These results provide important context for understanding immune evasion in cancers with high TMB and have major implications for therapies aimed at increasing TMB.
Citation Format: Peter M. K. Westcott, Francesc M. Remolar, Olivia Smith, Haley Hauck, Nathan J. Sacks, Zackery A. Ely, Alex M. Jaeger, William M. Rideout, Arjun Bhutkar, Daniel Zhang, Mary C. Beytagh, Roderick T. Bronson, David A. Canner, Santiago Naranjo, Abbey Jin, J. J. Patten, Amanda M. Cruz, Isidro Cortes-Ciriano, Tyler Jacks. Mismatch repair deficiency is not sufficient to increase tumor immunogenicity [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr P023.
Abstract P026: Uncovering mechanisms of immune evasion in a novel immunogenic model of KRAS-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Boumelha Jesse , de Carné Sophie , Romero Pablo , Moliona Miriam , Downward Julian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations drive tumorigenesis in 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite much effort, targeted therapies that aim to directly inhibit signaling pathways downstream of KRAS have limited clinical benefits for NSCLC patients, but the recent approval of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has led to striking durable responses. However, only a fraction of patients respond and therefore a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive immune evasion are required in order to broaden the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests that oncogenic signaling pathways greatly influence the tumor immune landscape to impair anti-tumor immune responses. We therefore aim to understand the mechanisms by which KRAS signaling mediates immune evasion in lung cancer. Current mouse models of KRAS-mutant lung cancer are poorly immunogenic, limiting investigations into tumor-immune interactions. To overcome this, we generated a novel transplantable KRAS-mutant lung cancer model, KPAR1.3, which triggers spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses and is sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade. To identify mechanisms of immune evasion we carried out an in vivo pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting 240 KRAS-regulated genes using this novel immunogenic model. This identified a number of genes that increased sensitivity or caused resistance to anti-tumor immune responses. As an alternative approach we utilized the recently developed class of mutant-specific KRAS-G12C inhibitors to assess the impact of inhibiting KRAS signaling on anti-tumor immune responses in KPAR1.3 tumors. KRAS-inhibition stimulated adaptive immunity in vivo, which contributed to the response of KPAR1.3 tumors in immune-competent mice. Together these data suggest that targeting KRAS, or KRAS-driven mechanisms of immune evasion, could broaden the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in KRAS-mutant NSCLC.
Citation Format: Jesse Boumelha, Sophie de Carné, Pablo Romero, Miriam Moliona, Julian Downward. Uncovering mechanisms of immune evasion in a novel immunogenic model of KRAS-mutant lung cancer [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr P026.