bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Environmental Air Pollution on Ventricular Arrhythmias:
A Scoping Review
Authors: Pallikadavath Susil , Vali Zakariyya , Patel Roshan , Mavilakandy Akash , Peckham Nicholas , Clegg Matt , Sandilands Alastair J. , Ng G. André 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Exposure to air pollution is a recognised risk factor for cardiovascular
disease and has been associated with supraventricular arrhythmias. The effect of air pollution on
ventricular arrhythmias is less clear. This scoping review assessed the effects of particulate and
gaseous air pollutants on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias.

Methods:
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies assessing the effects of
air pollutants on ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. These pollutants were particulate
matter (PM) 2.5, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2), and Ozone (O3).

Results:
This review identified 27 studies: nine in individuals with implantable cardioverter defibrillators,
five in those with ischaemic heart disease, and 13 in the general population. Those with
ischaemic heart disease appear to have the strongest association with ventricular arrhythmias in
both gaseous and particulate pollution, with all three studies assessing the effects of PM2.5 demonstrating
some association with ventricular arrythmia. Results in the general and ICD population
were less consistent.

Conclusion:
Individuals with ischaemic heart disease may be at an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
following exposure to air pollution.
Arterial Stiffness Assessment in Healthy Participants Using Shear Wave
Elastography
Authors: Alyami Jaber , Almutairi Fahad 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Arterial stiffness is an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Shear
wave elastography (SWE) provides quantitative estimates of tissue stiffness.

Objective:
This study aimed to provide reference values for arterial wall, assessing the suitability of
SWE to quantify elasticity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and evaluating inter-and intra-observer
reproducibility.

Methods:
A Supersonic Aixplorer ultrasound system with L15-4 probe was used to scan longitudinal
sections of the CCA. Young’s modulus (YM) was measured within 2-mm regions of interest. Reproducibility
was assessed within a subgroup of 16 participants by two operators (one novice and one
experienced) during two sessions >one week apart.

Results:
This study involves seventy-three participants with a mean age of 40±10 years and a body
mass index of 26 ±6 kg/m2. YM estimates were 59 kPa ±19 in men and 56 kPa ±12 in women. The
average YM of the CCA walls was 58 kPa ±15 (57 ±15 kPa for the anterior wall and 58 ±20 kPa for
the posterior wall, p=0.75). There was no significant difference in the mean of YM estimates of the
CCA between the observers (observer: one 51 ±14 kPa and observer two: 55 ±17 kPa[p=0.46]). Interand
intra-observer reproducibility was fair to good (Intra-class correlations, ranging from 0.46 to 0.71).
Inter-frame variability was 28%.

Conclusion:
In healthy individuals, SWE provided an estimate of YM of the CCA (58 kPa) with fair to
good reproducibility. This study demonstrated the potential of using SWE for assessing biomechanical
properties of blood vessels.
Lack of Evidence for Blood Pressure Effects of Caffeine Added to
Ibuprofen
Authors: Weiser Thomas , Lampert Anette , Lange Robert 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Caffeine enhances the efficacy of non-opioid analgesics. Data on the cardiovascular
health effects of caffeine intake are controversial, and studies on the cardiovascular effects
of medical caffeine use are lacking.

Objective:
The study aims to explore the cardiovascular effects of an ibuprofen/caffeine combination
in comparison to ibuprofen alone.

Method:
Secondary analysis of a previously reported bioequivalence study of a single dose of a
fixed dose ibuprofen/caffeine combination (400/100 mg) vs. ibuprofen alone in a randomized,
cross-over design in 36 healthy volunteers. Plasma catecholamines were analyzed to enhance
mechanistic interpretation of the data.

Results:
After exclusion of 10 protocol violators (pre-dosing intake of caffeine), vital signs were
comparable over a 24-h period in the absence and presence of caffeine. Plasma catecholamine levels
were also comparable.

Conclusion:
These data do not support the hypothesis that occasional intake of a small dose of caffeine as
part of pain medication imposes a health risk due to vital sign changes. Based on the proven increase in efficacy,
the addition of caffeine to non-opioid analgesics such as IBU has a favorable risk/benefit profile for
occasional use.
Multidrug Resistance-1 C3435T Polymorphism and Carbamazepine Plasma
Level in Indonesian Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
Authors: Setiabudy Rianto , Budikayanti Astri , Khosama Herlyani , Octaviana Fitri , Hamid Donny H. , Louisa Melva , Ranakusuma Teguh A.S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has the highest probability of becoming resistant.
One of the causes was Polymorphism in multidrug resistant-1 (MDR1) C3435T. In Dr.
Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, potential drug-resistant epilepsy prevalence was 84.51%; 66.6%
of them used carbamazepine (CBZ) as antiseizure medication. This comparative cross-sectional
study aimed to investigate MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and CBZ plasma level (plCBZ) in Indonesian
TLE patients.

Methods:
TLE patient was selected consecutively; divided into drug-responsive (DRV) and drugresistant
(DRE) groups. Healthy subjects were included as a control for the gene polymorphism
comparison. MDR1 was identified using the restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR technique;
C allele at 159 and 57bp while T allele at 216bp. High-performance liquid chromatography
was used to determine plCBZ.

Results:
There were 86 subjects; 61 in the study group and 25 controls. The genotype distribution
between them was 0.58 vs 0.42, x2=0.54, p=0.000. In the study group, CBZ within therapeutic doses
(dCBZ) had outreached the therapeutic plCBZ and found similar in all genotypes. DRE criteria
were found in 37 subjects. Distribution of C and T in DRV was 0.63 vs 0.37, x2=10.4; and DRE
0.55 vs 0.45 x2=6.17 (p=0.019). In Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test, CT in DRV had
significantly lower dCBZ (330,36 ± 174,91 mg) and plCBZ (7.15 ± 2.64 mcg/mL) compared to all
genotypes in DRE. Whereas mean dCBZ was around 800mg and plCBZ outreached the toxic level;
TT was the highest.

Conclusion:
The genotype MDR1 distribution was similar in the normal population and DRE.
Therapeutic plCBZ was achieved using the low dose. CT genotype responds to lower dCBZ, while
TT genotype outreached the highest toxic plCBZ.
Altering Landscape of Cancer Vaccines: Unique Platforms, Research on
Therapeutic Applications and Recent Patents
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Recent developments in several areas are rekindling interest and empowering progress
in improving therapeutic cancer vaccines. These advances have been made in target selection,
vaccine technology, and approaches for reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms exploited
by cancers. Studies on diverse tumor antigens have revealed target properties, including high cell
specificity and adequate immunogenicity, to affect clinical efficiency. Therefore, one of the principal
goals of cancer vaccinology is the development of efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines that
are capable of eliciting an effector as well as memory T cell response specific to tumor antigens.
Neoantigens, which arise from mutated proteins in cancer cells, are cancer-specific and may be
highly immunogenic. However, the vast majority of these are distinctive to each patient’s cancer
and hence require the development of personalised therapies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies
are focused on breaking immune tolerance to tumor antigens, improving the immunogenicity of
tumor vaccines, in addition to overcoming mechanisms of tumor escape. However, current developments
and patents in cancer immune therapies, together with associated technologies, are significant.
Supreme achievements in immune inhibitor-centered therapies and neo-antigen identification
tools envisage probable improvements in cancer vaccines with respect to treatments of malignancies.
Antibody modulation of T cell function through checkpoint blockade or co-stimulatory
activation may restore survival, proliferation, and effector function. Thus, these tumor-infiltrating
T cells with genetically engineered therapeutic vaccines have the potential to act as curative cancer
immune therapeutics. In this review, target tumor antigens employed in recent years in the development
of therapeutic cancer vaccine approaches are described, and the patents involved in the
process are highlighted.
Caracasine, An ent-kaurane Diterpene with Proapoptotic and Pro-differentiator Activity in Human Leukaemia Cell Lines
Authors: Martínez Gricelis Patricia , Mijares Michael Rodney , Chávez Katiuska , Chirinos Perla , Suárez Alírica Isabel , Compagnone Reinaldo Santi , De Sanctis Juan Bautista 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Kaurane-type diterpenoids, obtained from various natural sources, have shown many biological
activities, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Caracasine, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from
the flowers of Croton micans, was shown to induce apoptosis in leukaemia cell lines.

Objective:
The present study aimed to ascertain the compound’s mechanism of cell death induction using two leukaemia
cell lines, Jurkat E6.1 (T cell) and HL-60 (promyeloblast cells).

Methods:
Cell death in Jurkat and HL60 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for apoptosis with annexin-V/PI,
mitochondrial membrane potential disturbance, changes in cell cycle, CD95 expression, caspase activation, Nuclear
Factor kappa B inhibition, and differentiation into a neutrophil-like cell (dHL60).

Results:
Caracasine (10 μM) increased the G0/G1 phase in Jurkat and arrested the cell cycle in the S phase in HL60.
Caracasine increased CD95 expression (p<0.01 in Jurkat and p<0.05 in HL60) and caspase-8 activation (p<0.001 in
Jurkat and p<0.05 in HL60). Caspase-9 was activated in both cell lines (p<0.001) along with the decline in mitochondrial
ΔΨm (p<0.05 in Jurkat and p<0.001 in HL60). In HL60 cells, the kaurane induced neutrophil differentiation was
assessed by CD40 expression and reactive oxygen species production. In Jurkat cells, caracasine inhibited the NF-κB
pathway in cells pretreated with PHA to activate the NF-κB pathway, suggesting a possible role in inflammatory diseases.

Conclusion:
Caracasine induced apoptosis through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in both cell lines were evaluated
which could be the leading structure for new anti-leukemic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Recent Advancements in Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis with
Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Long Way from Lab Bench to Bedside
Authors: Wang Jing , Xue Ji-Su , Huang Si-min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is becoming more prevalent in the ageing society, however, its treatment
is still a problem for both society and individuals. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long
history in treating osteoporosis and is receiving increasing attention. Multiple formulas of TCM
showed satisfactory effects in treating osteoporosis in both animal models and clinical patients.
However, because TCM usually consists of multiple plant and/or animal products, it is difficult to
clarify the mechanism of TCM according to the requirements of Western medicine regarding purity,
efficacy, dosage, and safety. With increasing researchers have started to investigate the TCM
using modern scientific tools such as bioinformatics and network pharmaceutics in osteoporosis
and the addition of TCM in the latest version of International Statistical Classification of Diseases
and Related Health Problems (ICD-11 version, 2019) by WHO, TCM is showing large potential in
treating osteoporosis although there is still a long way. The review aimed to summarize recent advancements
of TCM treating osteoporosis.
Hunger Hormones in Adolescents with Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Krishna Avvaru Guruvamsee , Goyal Nishant , Ram Dushad , Rajan Anjanik Kumar , Kshitiz Kshitij Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are
associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical
and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in
adolescents is largely unexplored.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their
association with lipid profiles in adolescents with DMDD.

Methods:
Twenty adolescents with a DSM 5 diagnosis of DMDD with age and
gender-matched 19 healthy controls were recruited, followed by clinical
assessment. They were assessed for leptin, ghrelin, and lipid profiles, respectively.

Results:
Adolescents with DMDD were comparable in age, education, family
income, domicile status, psychiatric illness in the family, and body mass index
(BMI) with matched controls. There was no difference in mean lipid profile and
ghrelin in both groups. However, the DMDD group had a statistically significant
higher mean level of leptin as compared to the control group (t=1.84, p < 0.05). As
measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale in DMDD, aggression showed a
significant positive correlation with lipid profile measures.

Conclusion:
Adolescents with DMDD have elevated serum leptin levels. Further
research is needed to confirm this finding.
Imagery- and Verbally-Based Brooding Rumination in Adolescence: Differential Associations with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Lawrence Hannah R. , Siegle Greg J. , Schwartz-Mette Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Brooding rumination, or perseverative dwelling on
negative cognitions, prolongs negative affect and is associated with heightened risk
for depressive symptoms. Emerging research suggests that brooding rumination
may be associated with more severe depressive symptoms when individuals brood
in the form of mental imagery relative to verbal thoughts.

Objective:
The present study tested whether rumination was more highly associated
with depressive symptom severity when adolescents ruminated in the form of
mental imagery compared with verbal thoughts.

Methods:
Adolescents (N = 145) were recruited from the community surrounding a
public university in the Northeastern United States. Of these adolescents, 136 were
retained in analyses based on their reports of engaging in brooding rumination at least
some of the time [age range: 13-17 years; M(SD)age = 15.40(1.24) years; 60.29%
female, 32.35% male, 4.41% transgender, 2.94% other genders). In this crosssectional
study, adolescents reported their trait levels of brooding rumination,
whether they tend to ruminate in the form of mental imagery, verbal thought, or both,
and completed a measure of depressive symptom severity. Moderated regression
analyses were used to test whether the strength of the relation between brooding
rumination and depressive symptom severity varied based on rumination style.

Results:
Imagery-based brooding rumination occurred in the majority of
adolescents, and imagery-based rumination was more highly associated with
depressive symptom severity than verbally-based rumination for female adolescents
and those adolescents high in trait brooding rumination.

Conclusion:
Findings emphasize the potential utility of assessing and intervening
on imagery-based rumination.
Antioxidant Activity of a Selenopeptide Modelling the Thioredoxin Reductase
Active Site is Enhanced by NH···Se Hydrogen Bond in the Mixed Selenosulfide
Intermediate
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Oba Hajime , Matsumura Kotoi , Yamanaka Shuhei , Shimodaira Shingo , Kusano Shuichi , Asami Tatsuya 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), one of the representative selenoenzymes, is an important antioxidant enzyme suppressing oxidative stress in living organisms. At the active site of human TrxR, the presence of a Sec•••His•••Glu catalytic triad was previously suggested. Method. In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity.

Method:
In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity

Results:
The molecular simulation in advance by REMC/SAAP3D predicted the preferential formation of Sec•••His•••Glu hydrogen bonding networks in the aqueous solution. Indeed, a significant antioxidant activity was observed for 1 in the activity assay using NADPH as a reductant and H2O2 as a substrate. Tracking the reaction between 1 and GSH by 77Se NMR revealed a reductive cleavage of the selenosulfide (Se-S) bond to generate the diselenide species. The observation suggested that in the transiently formed mixed Se-S intermediate, the NH•••Se hydrogen bond between the Sec and His residues leads a nucleophilic attack of the second thiol molecule not to the intrinsically more electrophilic Se atom but to the less electrophilic S atom of the Se-S bond. Ab initio calculations for the complex between MeSeSMe and an imidazolium ion at the MP2/6-31++G(d,p) level demonstrated that NH•••Se and NH•••S hydrogen bonds are equally favorable as the interaction modes. Thus, importance of the relative spatial arrangement of the Se-S bond with respect to the imidazole ring was suggested for the exertion of the TrxR-like catalytic activity.

Conclusion:
The proposed umpolung effect of NH•••Se hydrogen bond on the reactivity of a Se-S bond will be a useful tool for developing efficient TrxR models with high redox catalytic activity.
Impulse Noise Suppression in Color Images Using Median Filter and Deep
Learning
Authors: Ashpreet  , Biswas Mantosh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Refining the quality of a noisy image is essential for many image applications.
Various median filter variants have been introduced to suppress various noises, but they have
their own limitations when detecting noise and restoring noise-free images. Denoising
convolutional neural networks (DnCNNs), primarily developed for Gaussian noise removal, are
influential nonlinear mapping models in image processing. After alterations in training data, they
can be used to suppress other noise with outstanding results. This article suggests a frequency
median filter method combined with deep learning for color images polluted by Salt and Pepper
(SnP) noise. The analysis presented in this paper has primarily used a frequency median filter to
suppress impulse noise wherein the restored value for the center pixel is evaluated by the
frequency median rather than the traditional median. After which, the pretrained denoising
convolutional neural network is hired to suppress the remaining noise and attain the output image
finally. With a visual comparative study, simulation results on the taken test images show that
the proposed method surpasses de-noising methods in terms of PSNR, SSIM, NMSE, Entropy,
IEF, NCC, PCC and Running Time.
An In-Home Medication Dispensing System to Support Medication Adherence for Patients With Chronic Conditions in the Community Setting: Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Patel Tejal , Ivo Jessica , Pitre Teresa , Faisal Sadaf , Antunes Kristen , Oda Kasumi 
Published: April 2022

Background
Innovative digital technology systems that support and monitor real-time medication intake are now available commercially; however, there is limited knowledge of the use of such technology in patients’ homes. One such smart medication dispenser, spencer, provides alerts to patients to take their medications and allows for tracking and reporting real-time medication adherence data.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to examine the use of a smart medication dispenser as a medication adherence and self-management support tool for community dwelling adults over a 6-month period, in addition to usability, usefulness, satisfaction, and impact on caregiver support.

Methods
This prospective, observational study invited community-dwelling adults aged 45 years and older taking at least one chronic medication and their caregivers to use this smart medication dispenser for their medication administration for 6 months. Adherence was defined as a dose intake within 2 hours post scheduled time. Real-time adherence data were collected using the smart medication dispenser and the AdhereNet platform. Usability, usefulness, and satisfaction were measured using the System Usability Scale and the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use questionnaire, respectively. Caregiver burden was measured on a visual analog scale at baseline and at the end of the 6-month study period.

Results
A total of 58 participants were recruited, of which 55% (32/58) were female with a mean age of 66.36 (SD 11.28; range 48-90) years. Eleven caregiver participants were recruited, of whom 91% (10/11) were female. The average monthly adherence over 6 months was 98% (SD 3.1%; range 76.5%-100%). The average System Usability score was 85.74 (n=47; SD 12.7; range 47.5-100). Of the 46 participants who provided data, 44 (96%) rated the product as easy, 43 (93%) as simple to use, and 43 (93%) were satisfied with the product. Caregiver burden prior to and following smart medication dispenser use for 6 months was found to be statistically significantly different (P<.001; CI 2.11-5.98).

Conclusions
Smart medication adherence products such as spencer, when connected and clinically monitored, can be a useful solution for medication management and have the potential to improve caregiver burden.
The Accounting Financial Expertise of the Audit Committee Chair and Oversight Effectiveness
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Ganesh , Bruynseels Liesbeth , De Groote Sander , Wright Arnold M. , Van Peteghem Mathijs 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY
Prior research finds that the presence of accounting financial expertise (AFE) on the audit committee (AC) enhances financial reporting quality. The current study provides a broad examination of the effect of the AFE residing in the AC chair on the monitoring of financial reporting quality and the audit process. Based on a sample of over 13,840 observations from U.S. public companies, we find that AFE of the AC chair is associated with lower levels of earnings management and enhanced monitoring of the audit process. When augmented by AC members with AFE, AC chair AFE is also negatively associated with reduced misstatement risk. This finding suggests appointing an AFE to the AC may not in itself be sufficient to fully enhance oversight quality, unless the committee also has a chair who possesses AFE. Finally, chair AFE is also found to enhance the likelihood of reporting material control weaknesses and goodwill impairments.