bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Case Report of Cladorrhinum samala Mycotic Keratitis
Authors: Gupta Parakriti , Thakur Anchal , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Gupta Amit , Ghosh Anup , Kaur Harsimran 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report the first case of keratitis caused by Cladorrhinum samala and review of the literature.

Methods:
This was a case report and literature review.

Results:
A 35-year-old immunocompetent man presented with pain, redness, and watering in the right eye 7 days after trauma with some foreign body. He was diagnosed with infectious keratitis, and a thorough microbiological workup was performed. Corneal scrapings were subjected to a potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination, Gram staining, bacterial (blood agar and Robertson cooked meat broth), and fungal culture (Sabouraud dextrose agar and brain–heart infusion agar). The KOH mount revealed septate fungal hyphae with irregular margins. Yellow–white nonsporulating mycelial growth was noted on the Sabouraud dextrose agar, which was identified as C. samala by sequencing. The patient responded to 5% natamycin and 1% voriconazole eye drops, and there was a formation of a corneal opacity in a period of 3 weeks.

Conclusions:
We report the first case of keratitis by C. samala, highlighting the emergence of a rare dematiaceous fungi causing keratitis and the role of molecular modalities in the diagnosis of nonsporulating fungi in suspected cases.
Influence of Clinical Pharmacist's Interventions on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Pneumonia in the Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Healthcare Setting
Authors: Shaat Maisaa Safwat , Gillani Syed Wasif , Mohiuddin Shabaz , Menon Vineetha , Azhar Anam , Jiaan Nada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the services of emergency medicine pharmacists in patient care and to assess the need to implement clinical pharmacy practice in emergency department. This study analyzed English language articles, which were identified and studied according to the inclusion criteria. The articles were identified from different databases from 1982 to 2020. Two hundred fifty articles were primarily searched for inclusion criteria and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses diagram was created to describe qualitative analysis. Quality assessment of the studies was done using the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology checklist. A total of 9 studies were quality assessed and included for evidence synthesis. Four studies showed a significant reduction in readmission rate P < 0.0001 with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.6341 for the patients with the pharmacist care group. Patient's in-hospital mortality and appropriateness of medications had an OR of 3.2196 (P = 0.0353) and 0.1444 (P = 0.0001), respectively. The pooled OR (n = 1026) in 4 studies was 1.4534 (95% confidence interval = 0.2844–0.7292) in antibiotic guidelines for pharmacist interventions. In addition, evidence showed a statistically significant reduction in hospital revisits (P < 0.00001, OR = 2.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.76–2.39) with the pharmacist in the emergency department compared with no pharmacist. The meta-analysis concluded that clinical pharmacy interventions in the ambulatory setting had a positive impact on clinical outcomes related to disease management, medication optimization, ensuring patient safety, and providing quality of care. Studies identified did not evaluate the impact of pharmacists on cost-effectiveness, which is a useful direction for future study.
Impact of Rapidly Deployed COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Clinics on Rate of Hospitalization
Authors: Delasobera Bronson E. , Saggar Tara , Goodwin Jennifer N. , Joy Amanda , Henry Kiersten N. , Levin Bonnie , Hager David D. , McAlduff Joel , DeSale Sameer , Owens Xavier , Wortmann Glenn W. , Kumar Princy N. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Providing monoclonal antibody therapy infusions requires challenging logistics, resources, and technology, hindering availability across the United States. Early identification and treatment of COVID-positive patients can reduce hospitalizations.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the referral, selection process, and deployment of outpatient monoclonal infusion clinics, as well as the impact of monoclonal antibody therapy in COVID-positive patients on the rate of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study that used screening of all COVID-positive ambulatory patients using a unique scoring rubric embedded in the emergency medical response for appropriateness for therapy between November 2020 and January 2021. Participants included all outpatients testing positive for COVID-19 were screened, and those eligible were referred for treatment with bamlanivimab. Of the 443 patients referred for treatment, 252 patients were treated with bamlanivimab compared with 191 patients who declined treatment. Patients were treated either in 1 of the 2 outpatient infusion centers (74%) or the ED (26%.)

Results
Of 443 patients with positive COVID-19 diagnoses who were eligible for treatment based on a risk assessment rubric, 252 received bamlanivimab. There was a significant reduction in hospitalization of the treatment versus control group (6.7% vs 13.6%, P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in risk score at screening, ED visits after infusion, days of symptom onset at screening or infusion, or death.

Conclusions and Relevance
The efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy on reducing hospitalization was demonstrated. Rapid development of screening technology, scheduling and operational logistics, and physical space can overcome the challenges in the current environment.
Recurrent scleral-fixated intraocular lens dislocation with spontaneous repositioning produced by tilting and head movements
Authors: O'Riordan Matthew , Raman Vasant 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
An unusual case of a patient who could repeatedly reposition his dislocated sulcus poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens (IOL) by head movements and tilting his body is reported.

Patient and clinical findings:
An 86-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of recurrent episodes of transient blurred vision and monocular diplopia in his left eye. 20 years previously, he had phacoemulsification cataract surgery complicated by posterior capsule tear, which was treated with anterior vitrectomy and a secondary scleral-fixated IOL. Over the previous 3 years, he had recurrent episodes of IOL dislocation. He could regain normal vision by tilting his head and trunk. The dislocated IOL was maneuvered into position by capturing the haptic into the residual capsular remnant by appropriate head movements. On examination, his corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was counting fingers, and the posterior chamber IOL was subluxated inferiorly. During presentation, he could not reposition it himself, warranting a surgical intervention.

Diagnosis, intervention and outcomes:
He underwent suturing of the IOL in the sulcus. The IOL was well-centered with a CDVA of 6/9.

Conclusions:
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient who could repeatedly reposition a dislocated IOL through tilting and head movements.
Contribution of COVID Antigenic RDT to the Management Strategy of COVID-19 Pandemic in a Senegalese Company
Authors: Sagna Asséga Sylvain , Seydi Aïssatou Goundo , Gueye Modou Mbacké , Fall Mame Thioro Aïssatou , Mansuy Jean Michel 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To describe the contribution of the rapid antigen diagnostic testing (RDT) to the management strategy of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodologies:
The protein chain reaction (PCR) and the RDT have been performed on each COVID-19 suspected workers from December 2020 to September 2021.

Results:
A total of 286 people tested. A positivity rate of 38.1% was recorded. The average time to obtain PCR results was 8.3 days. 54.8% (n = 142) of the RDT were followed by a PCR for confirmation or invalidation and 100% of positive cases with Ag-RDT were confirmed by the PCR. We have noticed a 58.3% reduction of lost work days due to COVID-19, since the use of the Ag-RDT.

Conclusion:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid diagnostic tests are efficient. They have enabled early treatment of COVID-19 patients, helped hold back the spread of the disease in a high-risk professional environment, and reduced the impact of the pandemic on a vital sector in developing countries.
Measurement Properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koppelaar-van Eijsden Hanna Maria , Schermer Tjard Roland , Bruintjes Tjasse Doewe 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To critically appraise and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory's (DHI) in adult patients with complaints of dizziness.

Databases Reviewed:
Pubmed, Embase, and CINAHL.

Methods:
The selected literature databases were systematically searched to identify studies investigating one or more measurement properties of the DHI. From the included studies, relevant data were extracted, their methodological quality was assessed, the results were synthesized and the evidence was graded and summarized according the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology.

Results:
The search strategy resulted in 768 eligible publications, 42 of which were included in the review. Overall, evidence on the DHI's content validity was either lacking or limited and of low quality. Moderate evidence was found for inconsistent structural validity, sufficient construct validity and borderline sufficient responsiveness. Based on the studies included, low evidence was found for sufficient reliability of the DHI total score. No evidence synthesis could be done for the DHI's internal consistency due to multidimensionality (i.e., lack of support of the original subscales) and for its measurement error due to a lack of published information on the minimal important change.

Conclusions:
The current evidence for a number of measurement properties of the DHI is suboptimal. Because of its widespread use and the current lack of a better alternative, researchers can use the DHI when assessing handicapping effects imposed by dizziness, but they should be aware of its limitations. Moreover, we recommend using the DHI total score only and also to consider adding an instrument with more favorable measurement properties when assessing self-perceived handicap in patients with dizziness.
Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying
Authors: Mori Hideki , Verbeure Wout , Schol Jolien , Carbone Florencia , Tack Jan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
In this review, we evaluate recent findings related to the association between gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying.

Recent findings
Motilin and ghrelin, which act during fasting, promote gastric motility, whereas most of the hormones secreted after a meal inhibit gastric motility. Serotonin has different progastric or antigastric motility effects depending on the receptor subtype. Serotonin receptor agonists have been used clinically to treat dyspepsia symptoms but other hormone receptor agonists or antagonists are still under development. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, which have gastric motility and appetite-suppressing effects are used as a treatment for obesity and diabetes.

Summary
Gastrointestinal hormones play an important role in the regulation of gastric motility. Various drugs have been developed to treat delayed gastric emptying by targeting gastrointestinal hormones or their receptors but few have been commercialized.
Tracheostomy Practices and Outcomes in Children During Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Kohne Joseph G. , MacLaren Graeme , Rider Erica , Carr Benjamin D. , Mallory Palen , Gebremariam Acham , Friedman Matthew L. , Barbaro Ryan P. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Children receiving prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support may benefit from tracheostomy during ECMO by facilitating rehabilitation; however, the procedure carries risks, especially hemorrhagic complications. Knowledge of tracheostomy practices and outcomes of ECMO-supported children who undergo tracheostomy on ECMO may inform decision-making.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
ECMO centers contributing to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry.

PATIENTS:
Children from birth to 18 years who received ECMO support for greater than or equal to 7 days for respiratory failure from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Three thousand six hundred eighty-five children received at least 7 days of ECMO support for respiratory failure. The median duration of ECMO support was 13.0 days (interquartile range [IQR], 9.3–19.9 d), and inhospital mortality was 38.7% (1,426/3,685). A tracheostomy was placed during ECMO support in 94/3,685 (2.6%). Of those who received a tracheostomy on ECMO, the procedure was performed at a median 13.2 days (IQR, 6.3–25.9 d) after initiation of ECMO. Surgical site bleeding was documented in 26% of children who received a tracheostomy (12% after tracheostomy placement). Among children who received a tracheostomy, the median duration of ECMO support was 24.2 days (IQR, 13.0–58.7 d); inhospital mortality was 30/94 (32%). Those that received a tracheostomy before 14 days on ECMO were older (median age, 15.8 yr [IQR, 4.7–15.5] vs 11.7 yr [IQR, 11.5–17.3 yr]; p =0.002) and more likely to have been supported on venovenous-ECMO (84% vs 52%; p = 0.001). Twenty-two percent (11/50) of those who received a tracheostomy before 14 days died in the hospital, compared with 19/44 (43%) of those who received a tracheostomy at 14 days or later (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
Tracheostomies during ECMO were uncommon in children. One in four patients who received a tracheostomy on ECMO had surgical site bleeding. Children who had tracheostomies placed after 14 days were younger and had worse outcomes, potentially representing tracheostomy as a “secondary” strategy for prolonged ECMO support.
Platelets Derived Transthyretin Participate in The Development of Sepsis Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lv Diyu , Zhang Ying , Wang Chunmei , Gu Yi , Zhang Yang , Li Xiuhua 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is not well elucidated. Platelets have been reported to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AKI, but the true mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we established a mouse model of S-AKI by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ticagrelor was given 24 h before and after CLP by gastric gavage. Platelets were isolated and analyzed by the label-free proteome approach to identify platelet-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Our results demonstrated that, among all differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), platelet-derived transthyretin (TTR) exerted effects in S-AKI. To examine the direct effects of platelet TTR on human renal proximal tubule epithelial (HK2) cells damage, platelets were co-cultured with HK2 cells. The results indicated that platelet TTR can cause reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in HK2 cells. Further research found that platelet TTR can also result in increased levels of mRNA and protein for protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), as analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. In conclusion, platelet-derived TTR may be one kind of DAMPs that plays an important role in the development of S-AKI.
Poor Practitioner Adherence to Clinical Tobacco Use Guidelines in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Harrington Claire , Kosirog Megan , Campbell Patrick , Gregory Dyanna , Daud Amna , Levitsky Josh , Holl Jane L. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , VanWagner Lisa B. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in liver transplant recipients (LTRs), but there is a paucity of data about practitioner adherence to tobacco cessation guidelines for LTRs. We sought to assess adherence to these guidelines as a predictor of CVEs after liver transplant.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective, observational, cohort study of adult LTRs from 2010 to 2016 at a large urban, tertiary care transplant network.

Results.
Of 572 LTRs (mean age‚ 56.9; 64.1% male), 325 (56.8%) were never, 191 (33.4%) were former, and 56 (9.8%) were current tobacco users before liver transplant. Most LTRs (59%) had their tobacco use assessed annually by transplant providers. Among current users, documented tobacco cessation interventions decreased over time‚ and <25% were offered pharmacologic treatment or referral to counseling. There was no difference in CVEs between tobacco users who received cessation interventions compared with those who did not.

Conclusions.
This single-center study suggests that although tobacco use cessation counseling and interventions were not associated with a decrease in CVEs, evidence-based interventions for tobacco use were under utilized in this high cardiac risk population. These findings underscore missed opportunities for transplant practitioners to provide tobacco use cessation interventions to LTRs, which potentially could reduce CVEs.
Dynamics of infection-elicited SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children over time
Authors: Gentles Lauren E. , Kehoe Leanne , Crawford Katharine H.D. , Lacombe Kirsten , Dickerson Jane , Wolf Caitlin , Yuan Joanna , Schuler Susanna , Watson John T. , Nyanseor Sankan , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Saydah Sharon , Midgley Claire M. , Pringle Kimberly , Chu Helen , Bloom Jesse D. , Englund Janet A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits an antibody response that targets several viral proteins including spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N); S is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we assess levels of anti-N binding antibodies and anti-S neutralizing antibodies in unvaccinated children compared with unvaccinated older adults following infection. Specifically, we examine neutralization and anti-N binding by sera collected up to 52 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and compare these to a cohort of adults, including older adults, most of whom had mild infections that did not require hospitalization. Neutralizing antibody titers were lower in children than adults early after infection, but by 6 months titers were similar between age groups. The neutralizing activity of the children’s sera decreased modestly from one to six months; a pattern that was not significantly different from that observed in adults. However, infection of children induced much lower levels of anti-N antibodies than in adults, and levels of these anti-N antibodies decreased more rapidly in children than in adults, including older adults. These results highlight age-related differences in the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins and, as vaccines for children are introduced, may provide comparator data for the longevity of infection-elicited and vaccination-induced neutralizing antibody responses.
Brain Tumor Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Santos Dheiver , Santos Ewerton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA brain tumor is understood by the scientific community as the growth of abnormal cells in the brain, some of which can lead to cancer. The traditional method to detect brain tumors is nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI). Having the MRI images, information about the uncontrolled growth of tissue in the brain is identified. In several research articles, brain tumor detection is done through the application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms. When these systems are applied to MRI images, brain tumor prediction is done very quickly and greater accuracy helps to deliver treatment to patients. These predictions also help the radiologist to make quick decisions. In the proposed work, a set of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are applied in the detection of the presence of brain tumor, and its performance is analyzed through different metrics.
Breast Cancer Survival Prediction using Machine Learning and Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: Santos Dheiver 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate among women. It is also the most frequent cause of cancer death in this population, with an estimated 684,996 deaths for that year (15.5% of cancer deaths in women) (IARC, 2020). In Brazil, breast cancer is also the most common type of cancer in women from all regions, after non-melanoma skin cancer. Therefore, an accurate and reliable system is needed for the early diagnosis of this cancer. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from their mistakes and make predictions about data. The results here are excellent with an accuracy and precision level of around 79%.
Empirical Calibration of a Simulation Model of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Madushani R. W. M. A. , Wang Jianing , Weitz Michelle , Linas Benjamin , White Laura F. , Chrysanthopoulou Stavroula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSimulation models of opioid use disorder (OUD) aim at evaluating the impact of different treatment strategies on population-level outcomes. Researching Effective Strategies to Prevent Opioid Death (RESPOND) is a dynamic population state-transition model that simulates Massachusetts (MA) OUD population synthesizing data from the MA Public Health Data Warehouse, published survey studies, and randomized trials. We implement an empirical calibration approach to fit RESPOND to multiple calibration targets, including yearly counts of fatal overdoses and detox admissions in 2013-2015, and 2015 OUD population counts in MA. We used capture-recapture analysis to estimate the OUD population and to quantify uncertainty around calibration targets.1 The empirical calibration approach involves Latin hypercube sampling for a parameter search of the multidimensional space, comprising demographics of “arrivals”, overdose rates, treatment transition rates, and substance use transition probabilities. The algorithm accepts proposed parameter values when the respective model outputs are “close” to the observed calibration targets based on uncertainty ranges of targets. Calibration provided an excellent fit to the model calibration targets. The flexibility of the algorithm also allowed us to identify certain “questionable” parts of the model structure and explore the underlying relationships between the model parameters in an efficient manner. The calibrated model also provided a good fit to validation targets: non-overdose related deaths, percentage of active OUDs, and all types of overdose counts (fatal and non-fatal). In addition, the resulting set of values for the calibrated parameters will inform the priors of a more comprehensive Bayesian calibration. The calibrated RESPOND model will be employed to improve shared decision-making for OUD.