bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational circular dichroism enantiomeric similarity index improvement for absolute configuration discrimination using individual infrared scaling factors
Authors: Muñoz Marcelo A. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of IR individual scaling factors (ISF) for the correction of DFT‐calculated frequencies, and its effect on IR and VCD similarity functions, has been evaluated using (+)‐(R)‐3‐methylcyclopentanone as a probe molecule. Contrary to using a single scaling factor to improve spectra matching, this approach sequentially searches for the optimal scaling factor for each calculated transition using a computational search algorithm to maximize the overlap of the calculated and observed IR spectra expressed as the IR similarity (SIR) function. The obtained ISFs are then applied to the calculated frequencies, which are used to produce a scaled VCD spectrum for comparison with the observed trace, thereby yielding enantiomeric similarity index (ESI) values as a similarity measure. This procedure provides a significant improvement of the SIR and ESI values when compared with the use of a single scale factor, showing 15.1% and 34.1% in average increments, respectively, and values as high as 0.98 and 0.94, respectively. When a set of manually found ISFs is used, most differences in SIR and ESI performance disappear, and nearly perfect spectra matches are found throughout the levels of theory tested. This suggests that the observed differences in computed IR/VCD spectra with commonly used levels of theory are related to differences in frequency rather than to intensity accuracy. Finally, the use of ISFs is expected to enhance the ability to aide stereochemical assignments, particularly in cases where sufficiently accurate frequencies are difficult to obtain due to the system size or complexity.
COVID‐19 pandemic impact on cytopathology practice in the post‐lockdown period: An international, multicenter study
Authors: Vigliar Elena , Pisapia Pasquale , Dello Iacovo Filippo , Alcaraz‐Mateos Eduardo , Alì Greta , Ali Syed Z. , Baloch Zubair W. , Bellevicine Claudio , Bongiovanni Massimo , Botsun Pavlina , Bruzzese Dario , Bubendorf Lukas , Büttner Reinhard , Canberk Sule , Capitanio Arrigo , Casadio Chiara , Cazacu Eugeniu , Cochand‐Priollet Beatrix , D’Amuri Alessandro , Davis Katelynn , Eloy Catarina , Engels Marianne , Fadda Guido , Fontanini Gabriella , Fulciniti Franco , Hofman Paul , Iaccarino Antonino , Ieni Antonio , Jiang Xiaoyin Sara , Kakudo Kennichi , Kern Izidor , Kholova Ivana , Linton McDermott Kathryn M. , Liu Chinhua , Lobo Anandi , Lozano Maria D. , Malapelle Umberto , Maleki Zahra , Michelow Pamela , Mikula Michael W. , Musayev Jamal , Özgün Gonca , Oznur Meltem , Peiró Marqués Francisca Maria , Poller David , Pyzlak Michal , Robinson Betsy , Rossi Esther Diana , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita , Saieg Mauro , Savic Prince Spasenija , Schmitt Fernando C. , Seguí Iváñez Francisco Javier , Štoos‐Veić Tajana , Sulaieva Oksana , Sweeney Brenda J. , Tuccari Giovanni , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise , VanderLaan Paul A. , Vielh Philippe , Viola Patrizia , Voorham Quirinus J. M. , Weynand Birgit , Zeppa Pio , Faquin William C. , Pitman Martha Bishop , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn a previous worldwide survey, the authors showed a drastic reduction in the number of cytological specimens processed during the coronavirus disease 2019 “lockdown” period along with an increase in malignancy rates. To assess the continued impact of the pandemic on cytological practices around the world, they undertook a second follow‐up worldwide survey collecting data from the post‐lockdown period (2020).MethodsParticipants were asked to provide data regarding their cytopathology activity during the first 12 weeks of their respective national post‐lockdown period (2020), which ranged from April 4 to October 31. Differences between the post‐lockdown period and the corresponding 2019 period were evaluated, and the authors specifically focused on rates of malignant diagnoses.ResultsA total of 29 respondents from 17 countries worldwide joined the survey. Overall, a lower number of cytological specimens (n = 236,352) were processed in comparison with the same period in 2019 (n = 321,466) for a relative reduction of 26.5%. The overall malignancy rate showed a statistically significant increase (12,442 [5.26%] vs 12,882 [4.01%]; P < .001) during the same time period. Similar results were obtained if both malignancy and suspicious for malignancy rates were considered together (15,759 [6.58%] vs 16,011 [4.98%]; P < .001).ConclusionsThe data showed a persistent reduction in the cytological specimen volume during the post‐lockdown period (2020). However, the relative increase in the cytological workload in the late part of the post‐lockdown is a promising finding of a slow return to normality.
Convolutional neural network model for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems
Authors: El‐Shafai Walid , Fawzi Ahmed , Sedik Ahmed , Zekry Abdelhalim , El‐Banby Ghada M. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. , Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

SummaryCognitive radio (CR) has become an interesting research field that attracts researchers due to its increasing spectrum efficiency. Therefore, spectrum sensing (SS) is the essential function of cognitive radio systems. This paper presents an efficient SS model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We use the spectrogram images of the received signals as the input to the CNN and use various images for signal and noise at different low primary‐user (PU) signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) to train the network model. The model extracts the main features from the spectrogram images to represent signals and noise. Hence, this model can efficiently discriminate between signal and noise at different SNRs. The detection performance of the suggested model is compared with those of the traditional one‐stage, two‐stage SS methods, and different previous CNN models. The obtained outcomes demonstrate that the suggested model increases the detection accuracy more than those of the previous one‐stage SS methods by 17% at low SNRs of −20 dB and more than the previous two‐stage SS methods by 8% at low SNRs of −20 dB. In addition, it is demonstrated that the suggested model offers shorter sensing times than those of the two‐stage and one‐stage SS methods in the orders of 16.3, 16.6, 1.1, and 1.5 ms at SNRs of −20, −15, −10 and −5 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed model improves the detection accuracy better than the different previously compared CNN models by 28% and 19% at low SNRs of −20 and −15 dB, respectively.
New principles and new paths needed for online research in mental health: Commentary on Burnette et al. (2021)
Authors: Donegan Kelly R. , Gillan Claire M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnline methods have become a powerful research tool, allowing us to conduct well‐powered studies, to explore and replicate effects, and to recruit often rare and diverse samples. However, concerns about the validity and reliability of the data collected from some platforms have reached crescendo. In this issue, Burnette et al. (2021) describe how commonly employed protective measures such as captchas, response consistency requirements, and attention checks may no longer be sufficient to ensure high‐quality data in survey‐based studies on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. We echo and elaborate on these concerns, but believe that although imperfect, online research will continue to be incredibly important in driving progress in mental health science. Not all platforms or populations are well suited to every research question and so we posit that the future of online research will be much more varied, and in no small part supported by citizen scientists and those with lived experience. Whatever the medium, researchers cannot stand still; we must continuously reflect and adapt to technological advances, demographics, and motivational shifts of our participants. Online research is difficult but worthwhile.
Health insurance, medical debt, and financial well‐being
Authors: Batty Michael , Gibbs Christa , Ippolito Benedic 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the financial protection provided by health insurance through two natural experiments—the Affordable Care Act's under 26 provision and Medicare eligibility. In both cases, the coverage expansion sharply reduces medical debt in collections for consumers within the affected ages but does not systematically improve credit outcomes not directly related to medical care. This is consistent with the infrequent repayment rate and lack of persistence on credit reports that we document for medical collections, which mute a key channel through which reductions in medical collections could directly affect the other financial outcomes studied here. These results help clarify the role of health insurance in broader financial health and suggest that, at least among the populations studied here, medical debts in collection may often be a symptom rather than a cause of wider financial distress as measured on credit reports.
Family planning campaigns on television and contraceptive use in India
Authors: Pakrashi Debayan , Maiti Surya Nath , Gautam Abhishek , Nanda Priya , Borkotoky Kakoli , Datta Nitin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe paper examines the association between viewing family planning campaigns on television and being aware, improved intention to use, and current usage of modern contraceptives in India.DataThe study uses detailed data of the currently married women from the current round of the National Family Health Survey.MethodsWe use the instrumental variable approach, propensity score matching method, besides the ordinary least square regression technique to estimate the association between viewing family planning campaigns on television and knowledge, intention to use, and current usage among the currently married women.ConclusionThe overall results suggest that currently married women who have seen family planning campaigns on television in the last few months are more likely to know, have a higher intention to use and use modern family planning methods. The effectiveness gets amplified when exposure to such campaigns is complemented with motivation provided by frontline health workers.
Clinical value of routine [18F]2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography scans as a decision tool for early immunotherapy discontinuation in advanced melanoma
Authors: Ellebaek Eva , Schina Aimilia , Andersen Rikke , Hendel Helle Westergren , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRoutine [18F]2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) may help predict clinical outcomes after response to immunotherapy. With a European Medicines Agency‐recommended treatment length until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, the optimal duration of immunotherapy remains to be defined. In a retrospective study, we retrieved from the Danish Metastatic Melanoma Database (DAMMED), all patients that were annotated as a partial or complete response based on the computed tomography (CT) of serial FDG‐PET‐CT scans. Patients treated with an anti‐Programmed Death (PD)‐1‐containing regimen for <18 months, and ≥4 months without disease progression after halting anti‐PD‐1 were included. Cases were divided into an “elective” and a “toxicity” group based on the reason for treatment discontinuation. A total of 140 patients were included. At 29.3 months of median follow‐up, a higher proportion of patients remained alive in the “elective” group (93% vs 75%, P = .0031) with an improved melanoma‐specific (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02‐0.32, P = .0041) survival (MSS). Patients without FDG‐avid lesions at the time of treatment discontinuation had an improved MSS (HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01‐0.17, P = .0002), and the absence of FDG‐avid lesions was the only independent predictive feature of improved MSS in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, patients with metastatic melanoma who obtain an early response and early discontinue immunotherapy have an excellent prognosis, especially in the absence of FDG‐PET avid lesions when discontinuing treatment. These data support the option of early discontinuation, limiting possible overtreatment and thereby toxicity, health and economic expenses and improving logistics.
Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Nour‐Eldine Wared , Sayyed Katia , Harhous Zeina , Dagher‐Hamalian Carole , Mehanna Stephanie , Achkouti Donna , ElKazzaz Hanan , Khnayzer Rony S. , Kobeissy Firas , Khalil Christian , Abi‐Gerges Aniella 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGasoline exposure has been widely reported in the literature as being toxic to human health. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms triggered by its inhalation have not been thoroughly investigated. We herein present a model of sub‐chronic, static gasoline vapor inhalation in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Animals were exposed daily to either gasoline vapors (0.86 g/animal/90 min) or ambient air for 5 days/week over 7 consecutive weeks. At the end of the study period, toxic and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects triggered by gasoline vapors, were examined in the lungs and liver of gasoline‐exposed (GE) mice.Static gasoline exposure induced a significant increase (+21%) in lungs/body weight (BW) ratio in GE versus control (CON) mice along with a pulmonary inflammation attested by histological staining. The latter was consistent with increases in the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukins (ILs) 4 and 6], respectively by ~ 6‐ and 4‐fold in the lungs of GE mice compared to CON. Interestingly, IL‐10 expression was also increased by ~ 10‐fold in the lungs of GE mice suggesting an attempt to counterbalance the established inflammation. Moreover, the pulmonary expression of IL‐12 and TNF‐α was downregulated by 2‐ and 4‐fold, respectively, suggesting the skewing toward Th2 phenotype. Additionally, GE mice showed a significant upregulation in Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, caspases 3, 8, and 9 with no change in JNK expression in the lungs, suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Static gasoline exposure over seven consecutive weeks had a minor hepatic portal inflammation attested by H&E staining along with an increase in the hepatic expression of the mitochondrial complexes in GE mice. Therefore, tissue damage biomarkers highlight the health risks associated with vapor exposure and may present potential therapeutic targets for recovery from gasoline intoxication.
Radius, girth and minimum degree
Authors: Dvorák Vojtĕch , van Hintum Peter , Shaw Amy , Tiba Marius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present paper is to study the maximum radius of a connected graph of order , minimum degree and girth at least . Erdős, Pach, Pollack and Tuza proved that if , that is, the graph is triangle‐free, then , and noted that up to the value of the additive constant, this upper bound is tight. In this paper we shall determine the exact maximum. For larger values of little is known. We settle the order of the maximum for and 12, and prove an upper bound for every even , which we conjecture to be tight up to a constant factor. Finally, we show that our conjecture implies the so‐called Erdős girth conjecture.
Left Ventricular Strain Measurements Derived from MR Feature Tracking: A Head‐to‐Head Comparison of a Higher Temporal Resolution Method With a Conventional Method
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Li Hongwen , He Jian , Yin Gang , An Jing , Forman Christoph , Schmidt Michaela , Zhao Shihua , Lu Minjie 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMagnetic resonance feature tracking (MR‐FT) is an imaging technique that quantifies both global and regional myocardial strain. Currently, conventional MR‐FT provides a superior signal and contrast‐to‐noise ratio but has a relatively low temporal resolution. A higher temporal resolution MR‐FT technique may provide improved results.PurposeTo explore the impact of higher temporal resolution on left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain measurements using MR‐FT.Study TypeProspective.PopulationOne hundred and fifty‐three participants including five healthy subjects and patients with various cardiac diseases referred to MR for cardiac assessment.Field Strength3 T, balanced steady‐state free precession sequence with and without compressed sensing (temporal resolution: 10 msec and 40 msec, respectively).AssessmentConventional (40 msec) and higher (10 msec) temporal resolution data were acquired in all subjects during the same scanning session. Global circumferential strain (GCS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global radial strain (GRS) as well as peak systolic and diastolic strain rates (SRs) were measured by MR‐FT and compared between the two temporal resolutions. We also performed subgroup analyses according to heart rates (HRs) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF).Statistical TestsPaired t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, linear regression analyses, Bland–Altman plots. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsGCS and GRS were significantly higher in the 10‐msec temporal resolution studies compared to the 40‐msec temporal resolution studies (GCS: −13.00 ± 6.58% vs. −12.51 ± 5.76%; GRS: 21.97 ± 14.54% vs. 20.62 ± 12.52%). In the subgroup analyses, significantly higher GLS, GCS, and GRS values were obtained in subjects with LVEF ≥50%, and significantly higher GCS and GRS values were obtained in subjects with HRs <70 bpm when assessed with the 10‐msec vs. the 40‐msec temporal resolutions. All the peak systolic and diastolic SRs were significantly higher in the higher temporal resolution acquisitions. This was also true for all subgroups.Data ConclusionsHigher temporal resolution resulted in significantly higher cardiac strain and SR values using MR‐FT and could be beneficial, particularly in patients with LVEF ≥50% and HR <70 bpm.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Abbreviated Gadoxetic Acid‐Enhanced MRI for the Detection of Liver Metastases in Patients With Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeru , Sofue Keitaro , Ueshima Eisuke , Ueno Yoshiko , Tsujita Yushi , Yabe Shinji , Shirakawa Sachiyo , Toyama Hirochika , Hori Masatoshi , Fukumoto Takumi , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundGadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in detecting liver metastases from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the long examination time limits its utility in the initial workup of patients with PDAC.PurposeTo evaluate the incremental value of an abbreviated gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI for the detection of liver metastases in patients with PDAC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationPatients (N = 130) with potentially resectable PDAC (women, 58 [44.6%]).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3 T; gradient dual‐echo T1‐weighted (in‐phase and opposed‐phase), fat‐suppressed fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted, single‐shot echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted, and three‐dimensional fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted gradient‐echo dynamic contrast‐enhanced and hepatobiliary phase sequences, as well as contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT).AssessmentThree radiologists independently reviewed three different image sets to detect liver metastases: set 1, CECT alone; set 2, CECT and abbreviated MRI comprising fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and hepatobiliary phase images; and set 3, CECT and standard gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI.Statistical TestsFigure of merit (FOM) was compared using the jackknife alternative free‐response receiver operating characteristics, and other per‐lesion and per‐patient diagnostic parameters for each image set were compared using McNemar's and Fisher's test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 43 liver metastases were identified in 13 patients. Reader‐averaged FOM to detect liver metastases were significantly higher for sets 2 (0.884) and 3 (0.886) than for set 1 (0.609), while they were comparable between sets 2 and 3 (P = 0.96). The mean per‐patient sensitivities, negative predictive values, and accuracies were significantly higher for sets 2 and 3 than for set 1, while those between sets 2 and 3 were not significantly different (not applicable, P > 0.99, and P > 0.99, respectively).Data ConclusionGadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI combined with CECT had higher diagnostic performance than CECT alone for the detection of liver metastases in patients with PDAC. The incremental values were comparable for the abbreviated MRI and standard MRI.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Mutual and adverse interplay of pretreatments on drying characteristics of taro slices
Authors: Aregbesola Omotayo A. , Olagunju Titilope Modupe , Akpan Godwin E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe utilization of taro has been restricted by its perishability, and drying is one of the methods commonly used in its preservation. There is however the need to understand the drying process in order to have an efficient operation. This study focused on the thin‐layer drying kinetics of taro slices to provide information toward optimization of the process. Fresh taro corms were washed, sliced, and pretreated by steam (B), dipped in sodium meta‐bisulfite solution (S), and a combination of both pretreatments (SB) while a portion was left untreated (C). Drying was done in a laboratory oven at 2 m/s air velocity and varying temperatures (50, 60, and 70°C). The drying responses were determined and subjected to both multiple and nonlinear regression analyses using standard procedures.ResultsResults showed that taro slices were dried from initial moisture content between 369 and 406 kg H20/kg d.m to final moisture content between 5.29% and 12.4% db. The drying took place predominately in the falling rate period with higher drying rates recorded for pretreated samples. The third‐order polynomial equation modeled the drying responses effectively. Based on responses such as the average, maximum, and minimum drying rates, the drying process of taro slices had its sweet point at 2.03 min, 1.61% w/w, and 59.27°C of blanching time, sulfiting concentration, and drying temperatures, respectively. Midilli and logarithmic models were the best fit for predicting the drying behavior of treated and untreated samples, respectively.ConclusionThe study was a step in providing information for thin‐layer drying of taro, which could form a basis for the development of drying system and methods for taro and other similar produce.
Ordered‐Structure‐Induced Electrochemical Post‐Functionalization of Poly(3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene)
Authors: Kurioka Tomoyuki , Komamura Takahiro , Shida Naoki , Hayakawa Teruaki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe optoelectronic properties of π‐conjugated polymers in the film state are known to be strongly affected by their structure. Inspired by this idea, the ordered‐structure‐induced electrochemical post‐functionalization (ePF) of poly(3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene) (P3EHT) films are reported. The structure of P3EHT films can be controlled by changing the solvent used to prepare them. The use of chloroform or chlorobenzene as the solvent results in amorphous P3EHT films, whereas P3EHT films with ordered structures are prepared when tetrahydrofuran is used as the solvent. The amorphous P3EHT films are not electrochemically functionalized. By contrast, ePF of the P3EHT films with an ordered structure is successful. In situ conductance measurements reveals that the successful ePF of the P3EHT films with an ordered structure originates from their greater electrochemical conductivity compared with that of amorphous P3EHT films.