bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable protected areas: Synergies between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development
Authors: Gatiso Tsegaye T. , Kulik Lars , Bachmann Mona , Bonn Aletta , Bösch Lukas , Freytag Andreas , Heurich Marco , Wesche Karsten , Winter Marten , Ordaz‐Németh Isabel , Sop Tenekwetche , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Reconciling conservation and socioeconomic development goals is key to sustainability but remains a source of fierce debate. Protected areas (PAs) are believed to play an essential role in achieving these seemingly conflicting goals. Yet, there is limited evidence as to whether PAs are actually achieving the two goals simultaneously.

Here, we investigate when and to what extent synergies or trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and local socioeconomic development occur. To explore these relationships, we collected data across a wide range of socioeconomic settings through face‐to‐face survey with PA managers from 114 African and European PAs using structured questionnaire.

We found synergies between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development for 62% of the PAs, albeit with significant differences between African (55%) and European PAs (75%). Moreover, the sustainability of PAs in conserving biodiversity was strongly correlated with the empowerment of the PA management and the involvement of local communities in PA planning and decision‐making processes.

Our results demonstrate that for PAs to promote synergies between biodiversity conservation and local socioeconomic development, and to enhance their long‐term sustainability, they should invest in the empowerment of their respective management and involvement of local communities in their planning and management activities.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Low‐dielectric silylbutylene‐benzocyclobutene resin with photoactive silacyclobutane groups via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization
Authors: Fan Li , Cao Ke , Hu Huan , Ma Jiajun , Peng Qiuxia , Li Xian , Huang Yawen , Yang Junxiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUV‐curable resins with low dielectric constant can be processed or patterned to form required shapes, making them highly applicable to special fields. In our previous study, UV‐curable siloxane‐benzocyclobutene resins were synthesized, but their dielectric constants were relatively high. In this work, silylbutylene‐benzocyclobutene oligomers (ADM‐PBSC) were synthesized by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of 1,1‐dibutenylsilacyclobutane monomers with benzocyclobutene terminated groups. In this way, siloxane moieties were replaced by silylbutylene groups to further reduce dielectric constant while preserving UV curable properties. The UV/thermally cured ADM‐PBSC exhibited good mechanical properties and high thermal stability. Furthermore, the cured resins showed low dielectric constants (2.49 at 10 MHz) and low dielectric losses (10−3 at 10 MHz). Good comprehensive properties of ADM‐PBSC may be attributed to its UV/thermally dual cross‐linked structure.
Poly(ester‐anhydrides) with controlled molecular weight and structure
Authors: Ghosh Radhakanta , Siman Peter , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of a series of poly(ester‐anhydride) composed of the following dicarboxylic acids: adipic, suberic, sebacic, dodecanedioic acids; and hydroxyalkanoic acids: ricinoleic and 12‐hydroxystearic acid with control molecular weight approaching from a new method in which well‐defined ester monomers are first synthesized by stepwise addition of hydroxyalkanoic acids molecules into melted dicarboxylic acids. The key advantage of the synthesis of ester monomers in this modified method is the full consumption of hydroxy acid devoid of any self‐condensation. The ester monomers are then activated using variable amounts of acetic anhydride followed by melt condensation polymerization. The molecular weights of the synthesized poly(ester‐anhydride) are highly controllable depending upon the degree of activation of the ester monomers; hence the amount of acetic anhydride. All the synthesized poly(ester‐anhydrides) are thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and gel permeation chromatography.
Does minimal central nervous system involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia increase the risk for central nervous system toxicity?
Authors: Anastasopoulou Stavroula , Harila‐Saari Arja , Als‐Nielsen Bodil , Eriksson Mats Anders , Heyman Mats , Johannsdottir Inga Maria , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Niinimäki Riitta , Pronk Cornelis Jan , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Thastrup Maria , Ranta Susanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) implicates enhanced intrathecal chemotherapy, which is related to CNS toxicity. Whether CNS involvement alone contributes to CNS toxicity remains unclear. We studied the occurrence of all CNS toxicities, seizures, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children with ALL without enhanced intrathecal chemotherapy with CNS involvement (n = 64) or without CNS involvement (n = 256) by flow cytometry. CNS involvement increased the risk for all CNS toxicities, seizures, and PRES in univariate analysis and, after adjusting for induction therapy, for seizures (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–8.82; p = 0.016) and PRES (HR = 4.85; 95% CI: 1.71–13.75; p = 0.003).
Evaluating the mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of poly (lactic acid)/silicone rubber blends reinforced with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane‐functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Mokhtari Aghdami Raha , Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Estaji Sara , Dermeni Reza Khalili , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Shakeri Alireza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPoly (lactic acid)/silicone rubber (PLA/SR) blends were reinforced with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane‐functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the effect of the virgin (TDO) and functionalized (FTDO) nanoparticles was investigated in the presence and absence of compatibilizer. The results demonstrated that the functionalization of TDO had no negative effect on the morphology of the blends, and no aggregation was seen in the blends containing TDO and FTDO. Furthermore, nanoparticles were localized at the interface of PLA and SR. Adding TDO in the PLA/SR blends increased the mechanical properties. The same trend was observed after incorporating the compatibilizer and FTDO. Additionally, a good agreement was seen between the theoretical and experimental mechanical properties values. Moreover, introducing SR diminished the crystallinity of PLA, and further reduction was observed by adding TDO, FTDO, and compatibilizer. Also, the modification of TDO did not affect the crystallinity of the blends. Incorporating 1 and 2 phr TDO to the blends increased the thermal stability while diminishing with 3 phr TDO. In addition, FTDO improved thermal stability. The antibacterial test indicated that the higher nanoparticles content, the better the antibacterial properties.
Evaluation of the hydrothermal aging effect on the buckling behavior of hybrid glass/aramid/epoxy composite plates: Comparison of distilled water and seawater
Authors: Oğuz Zeynal Abidin , Erkliğ Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the hydrothermal effect on the buckling behavior of glass/aramid/epoxy hybrid composites under distilled and seawater environments. The four types of composite groups ([G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S) produced by vacuum infusion method were immersed in distilled and seawater at 25 and 70°C for 1000 h. The buckling test was carried out for dry, wet, and redried conditions. The periodic measurements showed that as temperature increases, the maximum water gain ratios also increase for all composite groups. Furthermore, the water absorption parameters were affected by the type of fluids. The buckling test results showed that both temperature and fluid type are effective on the critical buckling load of specimens. The increase in the critical buckling load of the hybrid samples tested in the redried state was less than the samples tested in the wet state for both temperatures. Moreover, the critical buckling loads of the composites aged in seawater were higher than the composites aged in distilled water.
Analysis of the degradation of amorphous silicon‐based modules after 11 years of exposure by means of IEC60891:2021 procedure 3
Authors: Piliougine Michel , Sánchez‐Friera Paula , Petrone Giovanni , Sánchez‐Pacheco Francisco José , Spagnuolo Giovanni , Sidrach‐de‐Cardona Mariano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe degradation of two amorphous silicon‐based photovoltaic (PV) modules, namely, of single junction amorphous silicon (a‐Si) and of micromorph tandem (a‐Si/
‐Si), after 11 years of exposure in the south of Spain is analyzed. Their I‐V curves were measured outdoors to study the changes of the electrical parameters in the course of three different periods: during the initial days of exposure, during the first year, and in the subsequent 10‐year period. The translation of the curves to an identical set of operating conditions, which enables a meaningful comparison, was done by the different correction procedures described in the standard IEC60891:2021, including the procedure 3, which does not require the knowledge of module parameters, whose values are typically not available. The annual power degradation rates over the entire 11‐year period are 1.12% for the a‐Si module, which is 3.02% for the first year, and 0.98% for the a‐Si/
‐Si, which is 2.29% for the initial year.
Qualitative analysis of school children's experience of receiving “Coping Cat program”: A cognitive behavioral therapy program for high anxiety
Authors: Mukund Bhavna , Jena S. P. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoping Cat‐cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a 16‐week program, which has been used widely and has proven its efficacy in helping children in overcoming anxiety disorders. This research study intends to explore its efficacy on Indian school children with high anxiety in Delhi. The study aims at qualitative assessment of the experience of children with anxiety after intervention with Coping Cat‐CBT. After the Coping Cat‐CBT intervention, semistructured interviews were conducted with the children. Participants: Children aged 11–13 years exhibiting the symptoms of high anxiety were enrolled in the study. They were asked to write down their experience after the Coping Cat‐CBT intervention. Data were analyzed using the inductive approach of qualitative content analysis. Participants expressed that the intervention was beneficial in terms of their ability to combat anxiety experienced in day‐to‐day life, and reported improvements in various domains of life such as scholastic performance, interpersonal relationships, and successful use of coping skills in handling fearful situations and relaxation techniques in overcoming anxiety. The data provided empirical evidence that Indian children with anxiety‐related problems could benefit from the therapy. Coping Cat‐CBT was efficacious in reducing their symptoms of anxiety.
The effect of concussion on subsequent musculoskeletal injury risk in high school athletes
Authors: Nusbickel Alex J. , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Zapf Ashley D. , Tripp Brady L. , Herman Daniel C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated an increased risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury after concussion in collegiate and professional athletes, but there has been relatively little study of this relationship in younger athletes.ObjectiveTo determine the odds of experiencing a subsequent MSK injury after concussion in high school athletes. It was hypothesized that concussion would increase the risk of MSK injury within 365 days of the concussion event.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingTwelve high school sports programs.ParticipantsAthletes (n = 14,461) from athletic training room records queried between 2010 and 2017.Independent VariablesHistory of concussion and history of concussion and MSK injury in the year preceding MSK injury.Main Outcome MeasuresGeneral estimating equation analyses were conducted to examine the odds of MSK injury related to (1) concussion within the preceding 365 days of injury; and (2) concussion and MSK injury within the preceding 365 days of concussion.ResultsRespectively, 8% and 8.3% of athletes were identified with a concussion and MSK injury. After controlling for gender and sport, athletes with a concussion and prior MSK injury (odds ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–4.67) and athletes with a concussion alone (odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–2.44) both had higher odds of experiencing a subsequent MSK injury compared to athletes without prior concussion.ConclusionsHigh school athletes who sustain a concussion have elevated odds of MSK injury at rates comparable to those for collegiate athletes. These findings support the use of neuromuscular–based rehabilitation and injury prevention protocols in the post‐concussion period. These findings may also suggest exploring methods to modify concussion return‐to‐play criteria with the goal to reduce the risk of future MSK injury.
Health disparities in the management of ACL injuries: How socioeconomic status, insurance, and race influence care
Authors: Stafford Cleo D. , Keitt Frazier , Irvin Landon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHealth care disparities and racial health inequities significantly influence health care delivery and patient outcomes, including for people with injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). This narrative review explores factors that may influence the management of ACL injuries. Studies that have discussed potential social barriers to treatment such as socioeconomic status (SES), insurance status, educational level, and cost of treatment were identified by searching databases such as EBSCO Host, PubMed, and Galileo for the index years from 2008 to 2020. The influence of health care inequities on ACL injury management was explored. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria and described a total of 219,708 participants. Barriers to surgical management of ACL injury were higher cost of surgery, greater time to evaluation and treatment, lower SES, lack of private insurance, and being identified as a racial minority. In addition, surgical environment, whether within a private or community‐based health care system, and access to care affected post‐surgical complication rates. Finally, risk of revision, lack of physical therapy access, and odds of additional injuries to include chondral and meniscal derangement were higher in racial minority, lower SES, and government insurance populations. These findings suggest health disparity and inequity exist in the care of ACL injury for patients with lower SES and without commercial insurance, and in minority populations. These patients appear to have a significantly reduced ability to access timely care, which can impact healing and ability to return to preferred activities of daily life or sport.
Fast successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) thermal fractionation protocol for the characterization of polyolefin blends from mechanical recycling
Authors: Góra Magdalena , Tranchida Davide , Albrecht Andreas , Müller Alejandro J. , Cavallo Dario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sorting stage of mechanical recycling of post‐consumer polyolefins has severe challenges. Polypropylene (PP) is often contaminated with polyethylene (PE) and vice versa. To meet quality requirements, characterization of the recycled pellets is needed. To address this problem, fast characterization generating a statistical assessment of the content of the various batches from recycling is required. This investigation shows that the use of fast scanning rates (in a conventional Differential Scanning Calorimeter) in the successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) protocol can reduce the thermal fractionation time, without losing resolution power, as long as the increase in heating/cooling rate is compensated by reducing sample mass. Using a “coupled SSA protocol” for polypropylene and polyethylene fractions at a rate of 10 °C/min, the measurement time is approximately 420 min. Implementing mass compensation, faster heating rates (i.e., 30 °C/min) and using a single‐fraction protocol, sufficient to determine the content of PP and high‐density PE, reduced the time of the measurement to 75 min. Examples of fractionations of commercial post‐consumer and post‐industrial recycled polyolefin blends conducted at a faster rate are provided. The derived polyolefin content is compared with the standard temperature rising elution fractionation analysis to assess the validity of the proposed method.
Characterization of field‐scale spray drift deposition and non‐target plant biological sensitivity: a corn herbicide (mesotrione/s‐metolochlor) case study
Authors: Perkins Daniel B. , Abi‐Akar Farah , Goodwin Gregory , Brain Richard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work reports a combined, field‐scale spray drift deposition and plant bioassay study for a pre‐mixture of the herbicides mesotrione and s‐metolachlor. Wind direction data and field dimensions were used to evaluate the potential for spray drift to bypass downwind sampling devices. Variability in resulting spray drift across downwind distances was assessed alongside wind speed measured at on‐site weather stations. Measured wind angles were used to geometrically adjust traveled drift particle distances and enabling isolation of wind direction impact from wind speed. Further, the use of single and multiple in‐field monitoring locations was compared to quantify the benefit of higher‐resolution meteorological sampling.RESULTSGenerally, increased wind speed resulted in significantly greater herbicide deposition at distances proximal to the edge of the spray zone. According to the drift deposition curves that included wind speed data from single and multiple onsite weather stations, trials with relatively higher wind speeds were associated with greater spray drift deposition at relatively close sampling distances downwind from the application area. Only marginal improvement of linear mixed‐effects model fit was observed when including data from three weather stations, compared to the fit from a single weather station or absence of weather data in the model. Using tomato and lettuce plant bioassay species, the overall no‐effect distance was 3.0 m (10 ft).CONCLUSIONResults from this study are informative to refine pesticide risk assessment for non‐target plants and indicate that a single weather station is sufficient to capture potential influential effects from wind speed and direction on spray drift. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Residual fracture energy of natural and recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to high temperatures
Authors: Chen Wei , Peng Linxin , Yang Haifeng , He Xingchuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFracture energy (GF) represents the average total energy consumed in the whole process of crack propagation. Using one parameter of GF, it is not sufficient to describe the fracture behavior during crack stable and unstable propagation periods. In this study, the GF, stable fracture energy (GFS) and unstable fracture energy (GFU) of natural and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were investigated by using three‐point bending tests. Totally, 128 cubic specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) and 64 notched beams with size of 510 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm were manufactured to test the compressive strength (fcu), splitting tensile strength (ft), load–deflection (P‐δ), and load‐cracking mouth opening displacement (P‐CMOD) curves, considering different replacement levels (0%, 30%, 70%, and 100%) of recycled coarse aggregate (RA) and high temperatures exposure (20, 100, 200, and 300°C). The effects of RA substitutions and temperatures on basic mechanical properties, GF, GFS, and GFU were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the fcu, ft, and elastic modulus (E) decreased with the incremental temperature. The GFS of concrete with different RA substitutions first decreased and then increased, and the minimum value appeared at 200°C. The GF and GFU of concrete with different RA substitutions increased with the elevated temperature, and the increase rate decreased with RA substitutions. When the temperature is less than 100°C, the GF and GFU of concrete remained mostly unchanged with the increase of RA substitutions, while the temperature reached 200 and 300°C, the GF and GFU of concrete increased and decreased with the increase of RA substitutions, respectively.
The problematic genus Problematospermum
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. , Bickner Maya A. , Bugdaeva Eugenia , Naugolnykh Serge , Kostina Elena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe name Problematospermum has been used for Mesozoic age fossil seeds with a tuft of hairs at one end, the systematic affinity of which is uncertain. The generic name and names of two species were introduced by Turutanova‐Ketova but not validated in her 1930 publication. Paleobotanists have evidently been unaware of this because Turutanova‐Ketova is consistently cited as the authority for the names. Krassilov inadvertently validated the generic name Problematospermum and species name P. ovale in 1973, so the authority should be cited as “Turut.‐Ket. ex Krassilov”. This paper clarifies the nomenclatural problems surrounding these names. An additional problem is that the type specimen indicated by Krassilov is missing. A neotype is designated here to replace the missing type for P. ovale. The generic diagnosis for Problematospermum is amended to clarify contradictory interpretations in the literature.
The waterscape continuum concept: Rethinking boundaries in ecosystems
Authors: O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Devito Kevin J. , D'Orangeville Loïc , Curry R. Allen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContinuity and discontinuity are fundamental concepts of ecosystem science. In reality, both continuities and discontinuities can exist; lentic and lotic systems can expand and contract as can soil/rock moisture and groundwater systems. Surface water, soil moisture, rock moisture, and groundwater, represent hydrological domains that are interconnected. Under a state of expansion each domain may be characterized by spatial continuity; for instance, a river may be entirely flow connected. However, under a state of contraction, discontinuities may appear, and the river may become fragmented. The rate of expansion and contraction in each domain, that is land‐, lentic‐, and lotic‐scapes, is a function of topography, geology, climate, and biota. In an effort to reconcile older, and sometimes incongruous, concepts of continuity and discontinuity we present a view of water‐connected ecosystems, such as riverscapes and catchments that are nested upon and within the uppermost layer of Earth. This layer is the key interface between the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and is known as the critical zone (CZ). We present the waterscape continuum and define it as the spatially and temporally dynamic water upon and within the CZ. To guide ecosystem research (across the land‐, lentic‐, and lotic‐scapes), we introduce the waterscape continuum template (WCT). We propose the waterscape continuum and the WCT can enhance our understanding of ecosystem processes and mechanisms.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems