bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri‐operative hemostatic management of tooth extraction in patients with hemophilia A, with and without inhibitors, receiving emicizumab prophylaxis
Authors: Yagyuu Takahiro , Furukawa Shoko , Zaizen Miki , Yata Sachiko , Imada Mitsuhiko , Nogami Keiji , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab treatment may allow patients with hemophilia A without (PwHA) and with inhibitors (PwHA‐I) to undergo some minor surgeries, such as tooth extraction, without peri‐operative factor infusions. However, criteria for determining the necessity of factor infusions before minor surgeries are unknown.AimWe report the peri‐operative hemostatic management and outcomes of emicizumab‐treated PwHA and PwHA‐I cases who underwent tooth extractions using our institutional protocol.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated PwHA and PwHA‐I who underwent tooth extraction with emicizumab prophylaxis at our institution. Local bleeding risk was assessed based on the method, number, and site of tooth extraction. Hemostasis was monitored peri‐operatively by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Hemostatic agents and a mouth splint were used.ResultsTwenty‐nine extractions (17 interventions) were performed in eight PwHA and two PwHA‐I. Based on ROTEM, pre‐operative factor infusions were used in ten PwHA and four PwHA‐I interventions. Among nine low local bleeding risk interventions, three (33.3%) each received no infusions, one dose of factor infusion pre‐operatively, and pre‐ and post‐operative factor infusions. All eight high local bleeding risk interventions involved planned factor infusions. Absorbable hemostats were used in all extractions. A mouth splint was used in 21/25 (84.0%) PwHA and in 4/4 (100%) PwHA‐I extractions. No post‐extraction bleeding or thrombotic events occurred.ConclusionsUse of a systemic hemostatic treatment plan according to the local bleeding risk, peri‐operative coagulation status assessment using ROTEM, filling the extraction socket with hemostats, and use of a mouth splint can achieve effective and safe hemostatic management in emicizumab‐treated PwHA and PwHA‐I.
U.S. citizenships and American identities: Examining methods of belonging in North America
Authors: Klein Hernández Kris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis historiographical essay examines methods of belonging within two adjacent intellectual fields: formations of American identity and the history of U.S. citizenship. By studying recent monographs from these subfields, this essay underlines how belonging makes visible conceptions of citizenship for minoritized populations who may not have held U.S. citizenship, but whose existence and lives help demonstrate a spectrum of American identities. When centering belonging, historians can trouble a chronicle of U.S. citizenship that is interpreted as solely a legal status to an analytic that informs and is informed by one's race, sexuality, marital status, class, and individual actions. In doing so, this paper will illuminate how everyday people practiced shaped, remodeled, and created American imagined communities and therein, citizenries, through their methods of belonging.
Optimal Nb5+doping for enhanced optical reflectivity and improved thermophysical properties of La0.9Sr0.1Ti1−xNbxO3+δ
Authors: Zhu Yameng , Zhu Jinpeng , Wang Hailong , Yang Kaijun , Li Mingliang , He Jilin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermal protection materials with high optical reflectivity, low thermal conductivity, and good high‐temperature stability are required for the development of laser technologies and the protection of the critical equipment components. Herein, we synthesize a novel thermal protective material, La0.9Sr0.1Ti1−xNbxO3+δ(LSTN;x = 0.1, 0.125, 0.15), with different Nb5+‐ion contents using solid‐state sintering. Phase structure analysis demonstrates that LSTN (x = 0.1, 0.125, 0.15) presents a single‐phase monoclinic structure with a uniform element distribution. In particular, the LSTN0.125ceramic exhibits ultrahigh optical reflectivity (96%, 2300 nm) and excellent thermophysical properties, such as a high thermal expansion coefficient (10.3 × 10−6 K−1, 1000°C), an ultralow thermal conductivity (0.408 W (m K)−1, 300°C), and excellent high‐temperature stability. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the disordered substitution of Nb5+ions induces numerous lattice distortions and mass fluctuations, which decrease the thermal conductivity, and makes difference in the relative refractive indices of atomic layers causing the high reflectivity of the material. These remarkable properties render the LSTN0.125ceramic as an ideal alternative for near‐infrared thermal protection applications.
Athletes with intellectual disability: The effects of cognitive deficits and sports practice on bipedal standing balance
Authors: Pineda Roi Charles , Krampe Ralf Th. , Vanlandewijck Yves , Van Biesen Debbie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAthletes with intellectual disability represent a unique population who experiences the contrasting effects of cognitive deficits and benefits of sports on balance. This study investigated the combined impact of intellectual disability and sport practice on balance.MethodCenter‐of‐pressure excursion in bipedal stance of 2 disability (with and without intellectual disability) × 2 sport practice (athlete and novice) participant groups was measured in several balance conditions.ResultsSport practice exerted no significant effect on any of the center‐of‐pressure measures used. In contrast, intellectual disability's effects on balance, which were most apparent in challenging balance conditions, were significant (p < .05) and had large effect sizes (ηp2 > 0.13).ConclusionThe negative effects of cognitive deficits on the balance of young adults with intellectual disability underscore the need for effective interventions. Although findings did not support sports' balance‐remediating potential, the value of sport participation for individuals with intellectual disability cannot be fully dismissed just yet.
Seals, whales and the Cenozoic decline of nautiloid cephalopods
Authors: Kiel Steffen , Goedert James L. , Tsai Cheng‐Hsiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimNautilusandAllonautilus, last members of the once widespread nautiloid cephalopods, are today restricted to the deep central Indo‐West Pacific Ocean, for reasons that remain unclear. Cephalopod evolution is generally considered as being driven by vertebrate predation; therefore, we investigated the role of whales and seals in the decline of nautiloids through the Cenozoic.LocationGlobal.TaxonNautiloids, pinnipeds, cetaceans.MethodsDistribution data for nautiloids, pinnipeds and cetaceans through the Cenozoic were compiled and plotted on a series of paleogeographic maps. Nautiloid shell sizes were compiled and plotted against the first appearance of pinnipeds and cetaceans in key regions.ResultsFrom the Oligocene onward, nautiloids became extinct in areas where pinnipeds appeared. The exception is the agile nautiloidAturia, extinct globally at the end of the Miocene. A major role of odontocetes in the demise of nautiloids is not apparent, except for a few brevirostrine Oligocene taxa from the North American Atlantic and Pacific coasts, which appeared in these areas at the same time as nautilids disappeared. The Oligocene disappearance of nautiloids (exceptAturia) from the American Pacific coasts coincides with the development of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in this region.Main conclusionsWe hypothesize that the Cenozoic spread of pinnipeds drove nautiloids into their present‐day central Indo‐West Pacific refuge. Additional factors for the local extinction of nautiloids in the Oligocene include predation by short‐snouted whales and the development of OMZs, preventing nautiloids from retreating into deeper water.
Geographic and taxonomic biases in the vertebrate tree of life
Authors: Šmíd Jiří 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimResolving the tree of life is among the greatest challenges for modern biology, yet genetic data for many species are lacking to infer their position in the tree with confidence. In fact, little is known about what the missing species are and where to look for them. I identify main hotspots that host the most unsampled vertebrate species and test the hypothesis that local diversity determines the degree of sampling effort.LocationGlobal.TaxonTerrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles).MethodsI use published distributional data and search DNA sequence repositories to identify taxa with no genetic data available. I map spatial patterns of the unsampled diversity and sampling effort to test the effect of species richness on sampling completeness. I examine the dependence of country‐level sampling completeness on the country's socio‐economic development.ResultsAbout 24% of living terrestrial vertebrate species have no genetic data available. The Andes, Central Africa and the Malay Archipelago are the most unsampled. Sampling effort is highest in North America, continental South‐East Asia and Amazonia. In contrast, Central Africa, the Horn of Africa, Malay Archipelago and Andes are consistently the least sampled regions. Regions of low diversity are better sampled than biodiversity hotspots.Main conclusionsThe most unsampled species are in the tropics. I pinpoint several key regions that are least represented in the tree of life and where sampling should be prioritized. Country's wealth seems to be an informative proxy for its sampling completeness.
As Open as Possible, as Autonomous as Necessary: Understanding the Rise of Open Strategic Autonomy in EU Trade Policy
Authors: Schmitz Luuk , Seidl Timo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor decades, the EU's trade policy has been centred around open(ing) markets. Why, then, has the EU recently embraced open strategic autonomy as the conceptual cornerstone of its renewed trade policy? In this article, we argue that this move away from neoliberalism has to be understood against the background of a changing global environment. The geopoliticization of trade in particular has changed the Commission's view about how to best serve European interests (and values) but also provided an opening for neo‐mercantilist and socially oriented actors to challenge Europe's embedded neoliberal compromise. Using document analysis, interviews and discourse network analysis, we show how the Commission used open strategic autonomy as a coalition magnet to mobilize support for its new doctrine of qualified openness. Our paper contributes to understanding the ideational and coalitional politics behind the recent evolution of EU trade policy as well as broader debates around European autonomy and sovereignty.
Acquired ichthyosis, asteatotic dermatitis or xerosis? An update on pathoetiology and drug‐induced associations
Authors: Park Jason S. , Saeidian Amir H. , Youssefian Leila , Hsu Sylvia , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Uitto Jouni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcquired ichthyosis (AI) is a relatively rare cutaneous entity characterized by transient, generalized scaling and pruritus in the absence of family history of ichthyosis or atopic disease. The hyperkeratosis in AI can range from the mild, white‐to‐brown scaling resembling that in ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) to the more prominent dark brown scaling phenotype, similar to that found in lamellar ichthyosis. The disease can wax and wane in relation to endogenous and/or exogenous factors. Histopathology of AI is similar to that found in IV. AI is usually of cosmetic concern to patients but can, in some cases, reflect the presence of more serious conditions, including malignancies, autoimmune diseases or metabolic disorders. In some cases, AI can be an adverse effect of a medication or the cutaneous symptom of a toxic exposure. Other conditions, such as severe xerosis or eczema, can present with clinical findings similar to AI, making diagnosis a challenge. Furthermore, cases of AI are sporadic throughout the literature and have been documented across a wide variety of medical settings distinct from dermatology, which often contribute to misdiagnosis of this disease. Definitive management requires prompt identification and treatment of the inciting factors combined with conservative therapies, which can include topical emollients, keratolytics, retinoids or corticosteroids, and in rare cases, oral retinoids.
Egg cell‐secreted aspartic proteases ECS1/2 promote gamete attachment to prioritize the fertilization of egg cells over central cells in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Stührwohldt Nils , Liu Tianxu , Huang Qingpei , Li Ling , Zhang Li , Gu Hongya , Fan Liumin , Zhong Sheng , Schaller Andreas , Qu Li‐Jia 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDouble fertilization is an innovative phenomenon in angiosperms, in which one sperm cell first fuses with the egg cell to produce the embryo, and then the other sperm fuses with the central cell to produce the endosperm. However, the molecular mechanism of the preferential fertilization of egg cells is poorly understood. In this study, we report that two egg cell‐secreted aspartic proteases, ECS1 and ECS2, play an important role in promoting preferential fertilization of egg cells in Arabidopsis. We show that simultaneous loss of ECS1 and ECS2 function resulted in an approximately 20% reduction in fertility, which can be complemented by the full‐length ECS1/2 but not by corresponding active site mutants or by secretion‐defective versions of ECS1/2. Detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that the egg cell–sperm cell attachment was compromised in ecs1 ecs2 siliques. Limited pollination assays with cyclin‐dependent kinase a1 (cdka;1) pollen showed that preferential egg cell fertilization was impaired in the ecs1 ecs2 mutant. Taken together, these results demonstrate that egg cells secret two aspartic proteases, ECS1 and ECS2, to facilitate the attachment of sperm cells to egg cells so that preferential fertilization of egg cells is achieved. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of preferential fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Serum autotaxin levels correlate with the severity of pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Süzen Çaypınar Sema , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Behram Mustafa , Gedik Özköse Zeynep , Sezer Salim , Karakaş Sema 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine autotaxin (ATX) concentrations in the serum of pregnant women complicated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and compare them with individuals with uncomplicated healthy pregnancies.MethodsThis prospective case–control study took place with 83 pregnant women. The study group included 43 pregnant women presenting with a singleton pregnancy diagnosed with ICP in their third trimester of pregnancy. The diagnostic power of the ATX variable was examined by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the cut‐off value calculated according to the Youden index was summarized with the related sensitivity and specificity points.ResultsThe mean serum concentration of maternal ATX was significantly higher in the ICP cases (8.91 ± 2.69 pg/mL) compared to the pregnant women in the control group (3.59 ± 1.39 ng/mL, p < 0.001). According to the Youden index, a 5.80 ng/mL cut‐off value of serum ATX concentrations can be used to diagnose ICP with 97.7% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. A significant highly positive correlation was found between maternal serum ATX levels and maternal serum total bile acid levels (r = 0.633 and p < 0.001) and itch intensity, which was objectified by the visual analog scale score (r = 0.951 and p < 0.001).ConclusionMaternal serum ATX levels were significantly increased in ICP patients as compared with healthy pregnant women. Also, serum ATX activity was highly correlated with the itch intensity. We consider that ATX might represent a robust, accurate, and reliable circulating biomarker to diagnose ICP.
Dosing protocols to increase the efficacy of butorphanol in dogs
Authors: Springfield Dariyan , KuKanich Butch , Gray Mackenzie , KuKanich Kate , Lai Poyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to improve butorphanol dosing in dogs. Twelve Beagles (6 males, 6 females) were enrolled. Six were randomly allocated to each butorphanol treatment: IV (0.4 mg/kg), IV loading dose (0.2 mg/kg) with IV CRI (0.2 mg/kg/h for 8 h), SC (0.4 mg/kg), SC (0.8 mg/kg) with an equal volume sodium bicarbonate (SC‐bicarbonate), and IV after CYP inhibitors. We hypothesized that the CRI would produce longer durations than IV bolus, and SC‐bicarbonate suspension would produce longer durations than SC. Hypothermia, an opioid effect paralleling antinociception in dogs, and sedation were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and CYP inhibitor effects on butorphanol pharmacokinetics were determined. Rectal temperatures were significantly lower than baseline from 1.5–4 h (IV), 1–5 h (CRI), and 2–7 h (SC‐bicarbonate), but not after SC. Dogs in all treatments had sedation. Butorphanol's half‐life was ~1.5 h. SC‐bicarbonate had lower bioavailability (61%) relative to SC, with no sustained release, and the CRI mean steady‐state plasma concentration was 43.1 ng/ml. CYP inhibitors had minor pharmacokinetic effects on butorphanol. Butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg IV and 0.2 mg/kg loading dose with 0.2 mg/kg/h CRI decreased rectal temperature, but 0.4 mg/kg SC did not. Further studies are required to determine clinical analgesia of butorphanol.
Effect of common genetic variants on the risk of cirrhosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease during 20 years of follow‐up
Authors: Holmer Magnus , Ekstedt Mattias , Nasr Patrik , Zenlander Robin , Wester Axel , Tavaglione Federica , Romeo Stefano , Kechagias Stergios , Stål Per , Hagström Hannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral genotypes associate with a worse histopathological profile in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether genotypes impact long‐term outcomes is unclear. We investigated the importance of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and GCKR genotype for the development of severe outcomes in NAFLD.MethodDNA samples were collected from 546 patients with NAFLD. Advanced fibrosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy or elastography. Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was histologically defined. Additionally, 5396 controls matched for age, sex and municipality were identified from population‐based registers. Events of severe liver disease and all‐cause mortality were collected from national registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and type 2 diabetes were estimated with Cox regression.ResultsIn NAFLD, the G/G genotype of PNPLA3 was associated with a higher prevalence of NASH at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 3.67, 95% CI = 1.66–8.08), but not with advanced fibrosis (OR 1.81, 95% CI = 0.79–4.14). After up to 40 years of follow‐up, the PNPLA3 G/G genotype was associated with a higher rate of severe liver disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.27, 95% CI = 1.15–4.47) compared with the C/C variant. NAFLD patients developed cirrhosis at a higher rate than controls (aHR 9.00, 95% CI = 6.85–11.83). The PNPLA3 G/G genotype accentuated this rate (aHR 23.32, 95% = CI 9.14–59.47). Overall mortality was not affected by any genetic variant.ConclusionThe PNPLA3 G/G genotype is associated with an increased rate of cirrhosis in NAFLD. Our results suggest that assessment of the PNPLA3 genotype is of clinical relevance in patients with NAFLD to individualize monitoring and therapeutic strategies.
Regulation of the macrophage‐hepatic stellate cell interaction by targeting macrophage peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma to prevent non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis progression in mice
Authors: Ni Xi Xi , Ji Pei Xuan , Chen Yu Xin , Li Xiao Yun , Sheng Li , Lian Min , Guo Can Jie , Hua Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsMacrophages display remarkable plasticity and can interact with surrounding cells to affect hepatic immunity and tissue remodelling during the progression of liver diseases. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a critical role in macrophage maturation, polarization and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARγ in macrophage–hepatic stellate cell (HSC) interaction during non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.MethodsWild‐type, Ppargfl/fl and PpargΔLyz2 mice were fed a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH. Depletion of macrophages was performed using an injection of gadolinium chloride intraperitoneally. PPARγ‐overexpressing or PPARγ‐knockout macrophages were stimulated with saturated fatty acid (SFA) and cocultured with HSCs in a conditioned medium or the transwell coculture system.ResultsDepletion of macrophages inhibited HSC activation and ameliorated NASH progression in MCD diet‐fed mice. Coculturing HSCs with macrophages or culturing HSCs in a macrophage‐conditioned medium‐facilitated HSC activation, and this effect was magnified when macrophages were metabolically activated by SFA. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages enhanced metabolic activation, promoting the migration and activation of HSCs through IL‐1β and CCL2. In contrast, overexpression of PPARγ in macrophages obtained the opposite effects. In vivo, macrophage‐specific PPARγ knockout affected the phenotype of hepatic macrophages and HSCs, involving the MAPK and NLRP3/caspase‐1/IL‐1β signalling pathways. Infiltrating hepatic monocyte‐derived macrophages became the predominant macrophages in NASH liver, especially in PpargΔLyz2 mice, paralleling with aggravated inflammation and fibrosis.ConclusionsRegulating macrophage PPARγ affected the metabolic activation of macrophages and their interaction with HSCs. Macrophage‐specific PPARγ may be an attractive therapeutic target for protecting against NASH‐associated inflammation and fibrosis.
European Ukrainians and their fight against Russian invasion
Authors: Onuch Olga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIs there evidence of significant ethno‐linguistic/ethno‐national rallying around the nation in Ukraine—as social science would have us expect in times of conflict? And, if so, might we expect this ethno‐linguistic/ethno‐national identity to rise with the prolongation of war? Or instead, is Ukrainian “civic‐ness” the primary rally call that shaped and shapes collective identity in Ukraine? And if this collective identity is not ethno‐linguistic in orientation then what values and political dispositions are bringing Ukrainians together in a time of crisis and war? Whilst political science might suggest that violence and extended periods of war can produce rallying to ethno‐linguistic/ethno‐national identity—original panel survey data collected among the Ukrainian population in March/April 2019, January/February 2021, and 2 December 2021/16 February 2022 coupled with a cross‐sectional nationally representative survey collected 19–24 May 2022 provide evidence that ongoing regional war, crises, and now all‐out invasion by Russia have shored up civic and not ethno‐linguistic/ethno‐national identities. Moreover, this civic identity is bounded to pro‐European pro‐democratic orientations.