bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measles containing vaccine coverage and factors associated with its uptake among children aged 24–59 months in Cherangany Sub County, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Mamuti Stella , Tabu Collins , Marete Irene , Opili Davies , Jalang’o Rose , Abade Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose elimination depends on the measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage of ≥95% in the population. In 2020, Kenya reported 597 cases, an increase of 158 cases from those reported in 2019. This study aimed to estimate the measles vaccine coverage and factors associated with its uptake in Cherangany Sub County.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling in the Cherangany Sub County of Trans Nzoia County in May 2021. We enrolled eligible children aged between 24–59 months and interviewed their caregivers using a structured questionnaire. We conducted descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. We used Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) at bivariate and adjusted POR (aPOR) at multivariate with their corresponding 95% confidence interval as the measure of association. We regarded the variables with a p-value of less <0.05 at the multivariate level as independently associated with immunization status.

Results
We recruited 536 eligible children. The median age of the participants was 39 months (Interquartile Range 31–50). The coverage was 96.6% (518/536) for MCV dose one (MCV 1), and 56.2% (301/536) MCV dose two (MCV 2). At the bivariate level, family monthly income (POR 2.32, 95% CI 1.14–4.72), child vaccination status for other scheduled vaccines (POR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.66), caregiver’s level of education (POR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.29–2.57), knowledge of the vaccine-preventable diseases (POR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.80), and knowledge of the number of MCV scheduled doses (POR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.02) were significantly associated with MCV uptake. The Caregiver’s knowledge on the number of MCV scheduled doses (POR = 5.73, 95% CI 3.48–9.45) and children whose birth order was ≤5th born (POR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.22–0.95) were significantly associated with MCV uptake at the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
The MCV 2 coverage was lower than the WHO recommended ≥ 95%. Lack of knowledge of the number of MCV scheduled doses and the child’s birth order in the family are factors associated with not being fully vaccinated against measles.

Recommendation
There is a need to strengthen the defaulter tracing system to follow up the children who default after receiving MCV 1, focusing interventions on the identified factors.
Protocol for chronic hepatitis B virus infection mouse model development by patient-derived orthotopic xenografts
Authors: Nagornykh Aleksey M. , Tyumentseva Marina A. , Tyumentsev Aleksandr I. , Akimkin Vasiliy G. 
Published: February 2022

Background
According to the World Health Organization, more than 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus, and almost 800.000 patients die annually of mediated liver disorders. Therefore, adequate biological test systems are needed that could fully simulate the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, including in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods
In this study, we will assess the effectiveness of existing protocols for isolation and cultivation of primary cells derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of the yield of viable cells and their ability to replicate the hepatitis B virus using isolation and cultivation methods for adhesive primary cells, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Another part of our study will be devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma grafting methods to obtain patient-derived heterotopic and orthotopic xenograft mouse avatars using animal X-ray irradiation and surgery procedures and in vivo fluorescent signals visualization and measurements. Our study will be completed by histological methods.

Discussion
This will be the first extensive comparative study of the main modern methods and protocols for isolation and cultivation primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor engraftment to the mice. All protocols will be optimized and characterized using the: (1) efficiency of the method for isolation cells from removed hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of their quantity and viability; (2) efficiency of the primary cell cultivation protocol in terms of the rate of monolayer formation and hepatitis B virus replication; (3) efficiency of the grafting method in terms of the growth rate and the possibility of hepatitis B virus persistence and replication in mice. The most effective methods will be recommended for use in translational biomedical research.
Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking to unveil the potential mechanisms of San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula treating cholestasis
Authors: Liu Binbin , Zhang Jie , Shao Lu , Yao Jiaming 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveChinese medicine formulae possess the potential for cholestasis treatment. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula (SHCZF) against cholestasis.MethodsThe major chemical compounds of SHCZF were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The bioactive compounds and targets of SHCZF, and cholestasis-related targets were obtained from public databases. Intersected targets of SHCZF and cholestasis were visualized by Venn diagram. The protein-protein interaction and compound-target networks were established by Cytoscape according to the STRING database. The biological functions and pathways of potential targets were characterized by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. The biological process-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, the interactions between biological compounds and hub target proteins were validated via molecular docking.ResultsThere 7 major chemical compounds in SHCZF. A total of 141 bioactive compounds and 83 potential targets were screened for SHCZF against cholestasis. The process of SHCZF against cholestasis was mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. ALB, IL6, AKT1, TP53, TNF, MAPK3, APOE, IL1B, PPARG, and PPARA were the top 10 hub targets. Molecular docking showed that bioactive compounds of SHCZF had a good binding affinity with hub targets.ConclusionsThis study predicted that the mechanisms of SHCZF against cholestasis mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Moreover, APOE, AKT1, and TP53 were the critical hub targets for bioactive compounds of SHCZF.
MONETAR POLICY, MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS FINANCING
Authors: Khalidin Bismi 
Published: February 2022

Islamic banks are banks that operate based on sharia, where one of the principles is free from usury or interest rates. Instead of the rates, the banks uses a profit sharing system. In Indonesia, the Islamic banks grow significantly, even though the prevailing monetary policy is still based on the interest system. This phenomenon is interesting to study, because on the one hand there is a close relationship between banking and monetary policy, but on the other hand monetary policy is based on interest rates while the Islamic banks are based on profit sharing rates. This study aims to examine the relationship and influence of monetary policy and macroeconomic variables on the performance of the Islamic bank financing. This research was conducted from 2010 to 2019, by using statistical approaches of Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Pearson Correlation. The results show that the performance of Islamic bank financing, both profit-sharing-based and murabahah financings, is influenced by monetary policy and several selected macroeconomic variables. In addition, the profit sharing rates of financing is influenced by conventional bank interest rates and the rates of some monetary instruments. One important thing in this finding is that the financing and the profit sharing rate applied by Islamic banks resemble those of conventional banks, so that the influence of interest rates is very dominant in the operations of Islamic banks, both from monetary policy instruments and other interest rates.
C-Reactive Protein Levels in Male and Female Blood Donors at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Ireri J. M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: C-reactive protein is an inflammatory marker and has found a wide clinical application in monitoring disease progress, effectiveness of treatment and post-operative complications. Determination of gender – based reference intervals of this protein would be of great value in eliminating any biases in results interpretation. It was in this endeavor that this cross-section study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital, blood donor unit, between 2018 and 2019. Objectives: To determine gender-based means, medians and 2.5 th and 97.5 th interquartile ranges of C-reactive protein (CRP) in suitable blood donors attended to at the blood donor unit of Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Methods: A total of 108 (53.5%) female and 94 (46.5%) male volunteer blood donors aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited consecutively as they consented. Their social demographic characteristics were captured using a questionnaire form. Immediately after blood donation five milliliters of blood samples for CRP determination were drawn from the pilot tube of the blood bag by injecting the cap of an Ethylene dopamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer with the donation needle. Extracted plasma samples were stored frozen at -70 0 C till analysis. Analysis was done using standard laboratory methods. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 21. Bootstrap methods were used to calculate means, medians and confidence intervals. The fit of the observed data distribution was determined using Shapiro – Wilk tests with P > 0.05 indicating Gaussian distribution. Means, medians and 2.5 th and 97.5 th interquartiles were determined. Gender – based comparison of the medians were done using Wilcoxon rank-sum test with, p< 0.05, considered significant. Results: The male enrollees had a mean age of 31.91 years, while females’ mean age was 31.85 years. C-reactive protein demonstrated non-parametric distribution. Females’ medians were higher than males’ (11.7 mg/l vs. 4.4 mg/l, p< 0.01) Conclusion: The females have significantly higher CRP median values than males in health.
Reduction of Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Kramer Katelin P. , Minot Kacy , Butler Colleen , Haynes Kathryn , Mason Amber , Nguyen Lan , Wynn Samantha , Liebowitz Melissa , Rogers Elizabeth E. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this quality improvement project was to reduce the rate of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (sIVH) by 50% within 3 years for extremely preterm infants born at a children’s teaching hospital.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team developed key drivers for the development of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Targeted interventions included the development of potentially better practice guidelines, promoting early noninvasive ventilation, consistent use of rescue antenatal betamethasone, and risk-based indomethacin prophylaxis. The outcome measure was the rate of sIVH. Process measures included the rate of intubation within 24 hours and receipt of rescue betamethasone and risk-based indomethacin prophylaxis. Common markers of morbidity were balancing measures. Data were collected from a quarterly chart review and analyzed with statistical process control charts. The preintervention period was from January 2012 to March 2016, implementation period was from April 2016 to December 2018, and sustainment period was through June 2020.

RESULTS
During the study period, there were 268 inborn neonates born at &lt;28 weeks’ gestation or &lt;1000 g (127 preintervention and 141 postintervention). The rate of sIVH decreased from 14% to 1.2%, with sustained improvement over 2 and a half years. Mortality also decreased by 50% during the same time period. This was associated with adherence to process measures and no change in balancing measures.

CONCLUSIONS
A multipronged quality improvement approach to intraventricular hemorrhage prevention, including evidence-based practice guidelines, consistent receipt of rescue betamethasone and indomethacin prophylaxis, and decreasing early intubation was associated with a sustained reduction in sIVH in extremely preterm infants.
Uniaxial mechanical properties of face-centered cubic single- and multiphase high-entropy alloys
Authors: Inui Haruyuki , Kishida Kyosuke , Li Le , Manzoni Anna Maria , Haas Sebastian , Glatzel Uwe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the high entropy concept was proposed at the beginning of the millennium, the research focus of this alloy family has been wide ranging. The initial search for single-phase alloys has expanded with the aim of improving mechanical properties. This can be achieved by several strengthening mechanisms such as solid-solution hardening, hot and cold working and precipitation hardening. Both single- and multiphase high- and medium-entropy alloys can be optimized for mechanical strength via several processing routes, as is the case for conventional alloys with only one base element, such as steels or Ni-based superalloys.

Graphical abstract
Políticas públicas puestas en ejecución por el estado Colombiano para la integración de los migrantes Venezolanos
Authors: Carvajal Muñoz Paola Margarita , Herrera Tapias Beliña Annery , Palencia Ramos Eduardo Antonio , Peréz Núñez Mireya Josefina , Vera Carrera Jessica 
Published: February 2022

La migración es un fenómeno que ha sido estudiado de forma constante en la actualidad, su interés estriba fundamentalmente en que es sufrido por millares de personas que buscando satisfacer sus necesidades básicas deciden partir a otras latitudes. La causa principal del éxodo son las crisis institucionales derivadas de políticas de gobierno y medidas económicas que generan un detrimento en la sociedad. Venezuela se ha convertido en este último tiempo en el referente de una migración masiva. Por consiguiente, países como Colombia han diseñado políticas públicas encaminadas a regularizar la migración a través de la expedición de decretos nacionales y locales, además de sentencias de la corte constitucional, para garantizar su permanencia, acceso a la salud, educación y nacionalidad. En este sentido el presente artículo aborda este panorama desde la óptica jurídica, social y política. La metodología es histórica retrospectiva, el enfoque es cualitativo, de tipo documental de campo; en consecuencia se delimita su estudio al municipio de Sabanalarga-Atlántico, por ser receptor de migrantes con y sin arraigo.
Estudio del Frente montañoso de la zona de Falla Pinar, Cuba occidental, y su relación con la tectónica reciente
Authors: Estévez Cruz Elmidio , Cueto Gil Carlos Javier , Díaz Guanche Carlos , Ramírez Hernández Robert , Ordaz Hernández Alexis 
Published: February 2022

La zona de falla Pinar es una gran dislocación tectónica de compleja historia cinemática, que se localiza en Cuba occidental, al sur de la Cordillera de Guaniguanico. Su estudio reviste gran importancia dado su naturaleza sismogénica. En la investigación se aplican herramientas de la geomorfología tectónica para evaluar las deformaciones activas asociadas a esta estructura. El procesamiento del modelo digital de elevación con 25 m de resolución espacial permitió extraer la red de drenaje sintética y sus subcuencas hidrográficas, delimitar el frente montañoso y cuantificar los parámetros geométricos de sus facetas triangulares. Los modelos empíricos de Tsimi y Ganas (2015) y De Polo y Anderson (2000) se utilizaron para estimar las tasas de levantamiento vertical a lo largo del frente montañoso, a partir de las pendientes y alturas de las facetas. Como la actividad de la falla se refleja en las cuencas hidrográficas con las cuales está en contacto, las mismas fueron estudiadas empleando índices geomórficos como factor de asimetría (AF), integral hipsométrica (HI), relieve interno (DV), y densidad de puntos de ruptura del gradiente, entre otros. El estudio demostró que el frente en la parte oriental se caracteriza por presentar facetas bien definidas y de mayor altura y pendiente. Las variaciones de los índices geomórficos del frente y de las subcuencas hidrográficas a lo largo del rumbo de la falla reflejan cambios en su actividad tectónica reciente, y permitieron dividirla en tres segmentos geomórficos que se corresponden con bloques morfoestructurales. Finalmente, se pudo establecer que la tasa de levantamiento vertical fluctúa entre 0,04-0,71 mm/año, alcanzando los máximos valores en el segmento NE de la falla, donde manifiesta su mayor potencial sismogénico.
Examining pre-service science teachers' diagnostic question preparation skills on Seasons, climate, and weather movements
Authors: Sahin Fatma , Adıgüzel Sibel , Nibat Gözde Caliskaner 
Published: February 2022

For meaningful learning to take place and to eliminate misconceptions, it is necessary to identify the process of conceptual change on any given topic. The research aims to examine the skills of science teacher candidates to prepare two-stage diagnostic questions on ‘Seasons, Climate and Weather Movements’. For this purpose, the research was carried out in 4 weeks with 40 (39 females, 1 male) second-grade science teacher candidates in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year, using the holistic single-case study pattern of the ‘Observation-Based Case Study'. Tests prepared by pre-service teachers were applied to eighth-grade students. The 'Diagnostic Test Preparation Rubric' was collected using ”Concept maps“, ”Open-ended two-stage tests“ and ”Multiple choice two-stage tests". As a result of the descriptive and content analysis, it was noticed that teacher candidates are usually at an intermediate and good level in determining the propositions of knowledge about the subject, developing a concept map, and a two-stage diagnostic test related to the subject content.

Keywords: Diagnostic questions; science teacher candidates; seasons; climate; weather movements
Optimisme Mahasiswa: Kebutuhan Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Untuk Meningkatkan Optimisme
Authors: Fia Nurul Fauziah  , Wahyuni Eka 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat optimisme mahasiswa dan kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan optimisme mahasiswa. Convenience sampling yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada 283 mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R) dan angket kebutuhan media Web-based ACT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat optimisme mahasiswa di Jakarta yaitu sedang (16.6 dari total skor 24). Secara keseluruhan 44 mahasiswa (16%) memiliki tingkat optimisme rendah, 159 mahasiswa (56%) memiliki tingkat optimisme sedang, 80 mahasiswa (28%) memiliki tingkat optimisme tinggi. Perempuan memiliki tingkat optimisme yang lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki (16.7 vs 16.3). 158 mahasiswa (63%) merasa sangat perlu adanya media web bantu diri (self-help web) untuk meningkatkan optimisme agar mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan optimisme. Diketahui juga bahwa pengembangan Web-based ACT juga sangat penting untuk membantu meningkatkan optimisme mahasiswa.
Abstract
This study aims to determine the level of student optimism and the need to develop Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a strategy to increase student optimism. Convenience sampling was used to collect data on 283 students. The instruments used are the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and the ACT Web-based media needs questionnaire. The results showed that the level of student optimism in Jakarta was moderate (16.6 out of a total score of 24). Overall 44 students (16%) had a low level of optimism, 159 students (56%) had a moderate level of optimism, 80 students (28%) had a high level of optimism. Women had higher levels of optimism than men (16.7 vs 16.3). 158 students (63%) felt the need for a self-help web to increase optimism so that students could increase their optimism. It is also known that the development of Web-based ACT is also very important to help increase student optimism.
Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008–2020
Authors: Riley Carley , Herrin Jeph , Lam Veronica , Parsons Allison A. , Kaplan George A. , Liu Diana , Witters Dan , Krumholz Harlan M. , Roy Brita 
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Results. Across all years, there was a significant positive trend in the difference between ALS and CLS for the nation (P = .024), which remained positive but not significant when we excluded 2020. Maintenance of ALS with a decrease in CLS drove the 2020 increase. From 2008–2012 to 2013–2017, 14.5% of counties with 300 or more responses (n = 599) experienced an increase in the difference of more than 1 SD, whereas 13.9% experienced a more than 1 SD decrease. Fifty-two counties experienced decreases in ALS and CLS. Conclusions. Responding to trends in the gap between ALS and CLS at national and local levels is essential for the collective well-being of our nation, especially as we navigate and emerge from crisis.
Health Benefits of Strategies for Carbon Mitigation in US Transportation, 2017‒2050
Authors: Maizlish Neil , Rudolph Linda , Jiang Chengsheng 
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To quantify health benefits and carbon emissions of 2 transportation scenarios that contrast optimum levels of physical activity from active travel and minimal air pollution from electric cars. Methods. We used data on burden of disease, travel, and vehicle emissions in the US population and a health impact model to assess health benefits and harms of physical activity from transportation-related walking and cycling, fine particulate pollution from car emissions, and road traffic injuries. We compared baseline travel with walking and cycling a median of 150 weekly minutes for physical activity, and with electric cars that minimized carbon pollution and fine particulates. Results. In 2050, the target year for carbon neutrality, the active travel scenario avoided 167 000 deaths and gained 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years, monetized at $1.6 trillion using the value of a statistical life. Carbon emissions were reduced by 24% from baseline. Electric cars avoided 1400 deaths and gained 16 400 disability-adjusted life years, monetized at $13 billion. Conclusions. To achieve carbon neutrality in transportation and maximize health benefits, active travel should have a prominent role along with electric vehicles in national blueprints. (Am J Public Health. 2022; 112(3):426–433. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306600 )