bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aly Hanan Hassan , AbdelAziz Eman Amin , Mousa Mohamed Abdullah , AbdelRaouf Batoul Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes is a common childhood disease that is affected by and affects every aspect in the life of the child or adolescent with diabetes. Data on attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADHD among a cross-sectional sample of 70 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes as compared to 70 matched controls and to assess the glycemic control of included patients. For a comprehensive evaluation, assessment was done using Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC, the 35 item), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—the fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria, and Conners comprehensive behavior rating scale—revised for parents/caregivers. Glycemic control of all included patients was also evaluated by HbA1c %.

Results
A screening PSC score was significantly higher for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than controls (p < 0.001). Significantly larger number of cases with type 1 diabetes fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for inattentive or hyperactive or mixed type ADHD (14.3%, 17.1% and 18.6%, respectively) as compared to controls (4.3%, 5.7%, and 7.1% respectively, p < 0.05). Also, a significantly larger number (more than half, 57.14%) had a Conners score above 70, and the mean scores on Conners parent rating scale were also significantly higher for children with type 1 diabetes than controls (p < 0.001). Most of the included patients did not achieve adequate glycemic control (47.14% of patients were in poor control and only about one fifth achieved a HbA1c < 7.5%).

Conclusion
ADHD is more common among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than in healthy controls. It is important to perform psychiatric evaluation of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes especially those in poor metabolic control to assess for associated neuro-behavioral disorders such as ADHD. This is crucial to be able to properly design insulin therapy for such a group of patients who may suffer hypo- or hyper-glycemia due to inattention, forgetfulness, or hyperactivity and to properly select educational material that take the easy distractibility of ADHD patients into account as well as to be able to properly manage such cases given the extra stresses entailed in having a diagnosis of diabetes.
Simple division of rectourethral fistula as an alternative to ligation during laparoscopic repair of anorectal malformation
Authors: Al Matar Zahra , Maqbool Sabreen , Zakaria Habib , Alassiri Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Various techniques are described to manage the rectourethral fistula during laparoscopic repair of anorectal malformation (LAARP). The fistula can be ligated with sutures, clips, staplers, or simply divided flushed with the urethra.

Objective
The aim of our study is to share our experience of simply dividing the rectourethral fistula during LAARP without ligation.

Patients and methods
A retrospective chart review conducted between January 2005 and April 2020 including male children with rectourethral fistula. The fistula was managed by laparoscopic simple division without ligation along with temporary urinary diversion.

Results
Twenty-six patients were included. None of the patients had short- or long-term urinary complications due to the technique used. All patients had a regular follow-up for a minimum of 1 year.

Conclusion
Simple division of rectobulbar or rectoprostatic fistula is a safe, easier alternative to ligation of the fistula during laparoscopic repair of ARM.
Effectiveness of oral corticosteroids (prednisolone) in sensorineural hearing loss post COVID-19
Authors: Essawy Wessam Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNumerous infections can result in neurological symptoms, including anosmia, facial paralysis, and abrupt sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). During the earlier SARS pandemic, coronaviruses were linked to a loss of smell and taste due to brain damage.PurposeTo clinically detect corticosteroid treatment effectiveness in SSNHL post-COVID-19 infection and to detect the factors that affect the prognosis for these patients for better diagnosis and earlier management.Subjects and methodSubjects included 20 subjects diagnosed by PCR as COVID-19 virus positive, complaining of sudden onset hearing loss post viral infection in different durations. All subjects had basic audiological evaluation done pre-treatment and repeated after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after treatment with methylprednisolone 21-acetate tablets.ResultsOnset of hearing loss post-COVID infection ranged from 1 to 3 months. As regards the improvement recognized with treatment course, thirteen patients (65%) of all twenty patients showed complete improvement at 1 month after starting treatment, and seven patients (35%) showed no improvement even after 1 month.ConclusionSSNHL has been widely recognized in the context of COVID-19 to date. Early corticosteroid therapy could help in the recovery of hearing, especially if the beginning of therapy was early in the first 2 weeks.
Experimental construction of a symmetric three-qubit entangled state and its utility in testing the violation of a Bell inequality on an NMR quantum simulator
Authors: Singh Dileep , Gulati Vaishali , Arvind  , Dorai Kavita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We designed a quantum circuit to prepare a permutation-symmetric maximally entangled three-qubit state called the

state and experimentally created it on an NMR quantum processor. The presence of entanglement in the state was certified by computing two different entanglement measures, namely negativity and concurrence. We used the

state in conjunction with a set of maximally incompatible local measurements, to demonstrate the maximal violation of inequality number 26 in Sliwa's classification scheme, which is a tight Bell inequality for the (3, 2, 2) scenario, i.e., the three-party, two-measurement-settings and two-measurement-outcomes scenario.
Liquid foam under simple shear: Local flows in the films
Authors: Poryles R. , Bussonnière A. , Schaub E. , Cantat I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Predicting the effective viscosity of a foam as a function of its bubble size, liquid fraction and chemical composition is still an open question. The confinement of the liquid phase between the bubbles is expected to strongly enhance the local deformation rates. However, these local deformations are induced by interfacial stresses, which are limited by the surface tension accessible range: above a critical bubble size and/or shear rate, it is impossible to shear the whole film separating the bubbles. In this paper, we investigate this large bubble regime by imposing a simple shear to a minimal foam made of five interconnected films. We present a new local deformation pattern, with a relaxation process lasting long after the motor stops, that we characterize for a large range of shear rate and for different foaming solutions. A direct evidence of the absence of shear during the relaxation has been obtained for one solution. At 10 s−1, this original large bubble regime should be relevant for foams with bubbles larger than 300 microns.
Primordial germ cells adjust their protrusion type while migrating in different tissue contexts in vivo
Authors: Truszkowski Lukasz , Batur Dilek , Long Hongyan , Tarbashevich Katsiaryna , Vos Bart E. , Trappmann Britta , Raz Erez 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
In both physiological processes and disease contexts, migrating cells have the ability to adapt to conditions in their environment. As an in vivo model for this process, we use zebrafish primordial germ cells that migrate throughout the developing embryo. When migrating within an ectodermal environment, the germ cells form fewer and smaller blebs when compared with their behavior within mesodermal environment. We find that cortical tension of neighboring cells is a parameter that affects blebbing frequency. Interestingly, the change in blebbing activity is accompanied by the formation of more actin-rich protrusions. These alterations in cell behavior that correlate with changes in RhoA activity could allow the cells to maintain dynamic motility parameters, such as migration speed and track straightness, in different settings. In addition, we find that the polarity of the cells can be affected by stiff structures positioned in their migration path
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
A theory of rapid evolutionary change explaining the de novo appearance of megakaryocytes and platelets in mammals
Authors: Martin John F. , Paolo D'Avino Pier 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Platelets are found only in mammals. Uniquely, they have a log Gaussian volume distribution and are produced from megakaryocytes, large cells that have polyploid nuclei. In this Hypothesis, we propose that a possible explanation for the origin of megakaryocytes and platelets is that, ∼220 million years ago, an inheritable change occurred in a mammalian ancestor that caused the haemostatic cell line of the animal to become polyploid. This inheritable change occurred specifically in the genetic programme of the cell lineage from which the haemostatic cell originated and led, because of increase in cell size, to its fragmentation into cytoplasmic particles (platelets) in the pulmonary circulatory system, as found in modern mammals. We hypothesize that these fragments originating from the new large haemostatic polyploid cells proved to be more efficient at stopping bleeding, and, therefore, the progeny of this ancestor prospered through natural selection. We also propose experimental strategies that could provide evidence to support this hypothesis.
Harassment of game makers: Prevalence and impact
Authors: Kowert Rachel , Crevoshay Eve 
Published: December 2022

Background: Online harassment is a relatively commonplace occurrence in the video gaming industry and player communities. A lack of diversity has unquestionably contributed to the high levels of such incidences. Methods: In this paper, we take an exploratory approach, via a cross-sectional observational study, to evaluate the harassment of game industry professionals on social media. In this new sphere of growing concern, there is evidence of significant harm for game makers and their radius of impact. We will discuss the prevalence rates, nature of harassment, and the ways in which a lack of diversity has contributed to this phenomenon. Results: In total, 282 video game industry professionals completed the survey in its entirety. More than half of all participants reported experiencing harassment on social media (59.6%) and nearly all reported witnessing harassment happening to other members of the videogames industry via social media (92.2%). This harassment can have a significant impact on well-being, including increased anxiety (62.1%), feelings of isolation (37.6%) and increased depression (36.2%). Almost one quarter (23.8%) reported symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder. One out of 10 participants reported suicidal thoughts because of online harassment. A significant number of respondents (37.3%) reported that had to take steps to reduce their physical safety due to online harassment. Over half of all respondents saying they were targets of hate because of some aspect of their identity. Conclusions: The results indicate high rates of online harassment, both direct and indirect, among members of the gaming industry at all levels. Responses also pointed to substantial mental health and behavioral impacts of both experiencing and witnessing online harassment. Without large-scale action, this problem will continue to reinforce the lack of diversity inside game studios, pushing out marginalized employees due to a hostile work environment.
Vaccine approach for human monkeypox over the years and current recommendations to prevent the outbreak: a rapid review
Authors: Ara Rifat , Rahman Tajrin , Nath Rima , Islam A.M.Khairul , Haque Miah MD Akiful , Rahman Md. Ferdous , Nabi Mohammad Hayatun , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: December 2022

Background: The World Health Organization has declared human monkeypox as a global health emergency on 23 July 2022. This indicates that the outbreak poses a serious risk to global health and requires a united worldwide response to stop the virus from spreading and possibly turning into a pandemic. Vaccines can play a vital role in this context, contributing to pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Methods: The aim of our rapid review was to go through the background of the vaccine approach for human monkeypox over the years and to find out what current guidelines are highlighting relating to it. A rapid review with a systematic search and manual searching have been performed here. Results: 22 relevant published articles from MEDLINE bibliographic database and 8 vaccine recommendations from manual searching have been deliberated here. Conclusion: The significant synopsis of this review is that the smallpox vaccine is the only immunization option for monkeypox so far, and it is up to 85% effective to prevent the infection. Third-generation smallpox vaccines are advised over first and second generations due to their minimal side effects. Healthcare providers and lab professionals at risk are on the priority list to get vaccinated, as well as pregnant women or lactating mothers, and immunocompromised or chronically ill patients can get vaccinated if they are surely exposed to the monkeypox infection. Lastly, JYNNEOS/IMVAMUNE is the current most preferable smallpox vaccine that is highly advised for the latest outbreak of human monkeypox but more clinical trials on humans should be conducted to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and adverse events.
The Beta Anomaly and Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: Irvine Paul , Kim Jeong Ho (John) , Ren Jue 
Published: December 2022

We find evidence for the beta anomaly in mutual fund performance. This anomaly is not accounted for in the standard four-factor framework, nor by the addition of a betting-against-beta factor to the benchmark model. We identify the active component of alpha (active alpha) not attributable to the passive effects related to beta. Active alpha is persistent and associated with superior portfolio performance. We find that, although many investors use standard alpha to allocate capital, a subset of sophisticated investors allocate their money based on active alpha. Our procedure is useful across the commonly used benchmark models for measuring performance and can be extended to accommodate other potential factor beta anomalies. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4639 .
A Markov Decision Model for Managing Display-Advertising Campaigns
Authors: Agrawal Narendra , Najafi-Asadolahi Sami , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: December 2022

Problem definition: Managers in ad agencies are responsible for delivering digital ads to viewers on behalf of advertisers, subject to the terms specified in the ad campaigns. They need to develop bidding policies to obtain viewers on an ad exchange and allocate them to the campaigns to maximize the agency’s profits, subject to the goals of the ad campaigns. Academic/practical relevance: Determining a rigorous solution methodology is complicated by uncertainties in the arrival rates of viewers and campaigns, as well as uncertainty in the outcomes of bids on the ad exchange. In practice, ad hoc strategies are often deployed. Our methodology jointly determines optimal bidding and viewer-allocation strategies and obtains insights about the characteristics of the optimal policies. Methodology: New ad campaigns and viewers are treated as Poisson arrivals, and the resulting model is a Markov decision process, where the state of the system is the number of undelivered impressions in queue for each campaign type in each period. We develop solution methods for bid optimization and viewer allocation and perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to the key problem parameters. Results: We solve for the optimal dynamic, state-dependent bidding and allocation policies as a function of the number of ad impressions in queue, for both the finite horizon and steady-state cases. We show that the resulting optimization problems are strictly concave in the decision variables and develop and evaluate a heuristic method that can be applied to large problems. Managerial implications: Numerical analysis of our heuristic solution shows that its errors are generally small and that the optimal dynamic, state-dependent bidding policies obtained by our model are significantly better than optimal static policies. Our proposed approach is managerially attractive because it is easy to implement in practice. We identify the capacity of the impression queue as an important managerial control lever and show that it can be more effective than using higher bids to reduce delay penalties. We quantify potential operational benefits from the consolidation of ad campaigns, as well as merging ad exchanges. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1142 .
Xerostomia: Part 2. investigations and management
Authors: Mehrabi Farima , Shanahan Dáire , Davis Gemma 
Published: December 2022

Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of a dry mouth. It can negatively impact oral health and quality of life. This article reviews the investigations and management of xerostomia. Early recognition and management of xerostomia is important to limit the adverse effects that can be caused by this condition.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the possible aetiologies and oral manifestations of xerostomia are important for the general dental practitioner.
Nanoscale electric field sensing using a levitated nano-resonator with net charge
Authors: Zhu Shaocong , Fu Zhenhai , Gao Xiaowen , Li Cuihong , Chen Zhiming , Wang Yingying , Chen Xingfan , Hu Huizhu 
Published: December 2022

The nanomechanical resonator based on a levitated particle exhibits unique advantages in the development of ultrasensitive electric field detectors. We demonstrate a three-dimensional, high-sensitivity electric field measurement technology using the optically levitated nanoparticle with known net charge. By scanning the relative position between nanoparticle and parallel electrodes, the three-dimensional electric field distribution with microscale resolution is obtained. The measured noise equivalent electric intensity with charges of

100
e

reaches the order of

1

μV
⋅

cm

−
1

⋅

Hz

−
1
/
2

at

1.4
×

10

−
7

mbar

. Linearity analysis near resonance frequency shows a measured linear range over 91 dB limited only by the maximum output voltage of the driving equipment. This work may provide an avenue for developing a high-sensitivity electric field sensor based on an optically levitated nano-resonator.
Comparison of measured LDL cholesterol with calculated LDL-cholesterol using the Friedewald and Martin-Hopkins formulae in diabetic adults at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital/NHLS Laboratory
Authors: Dintshi Mogomotsi , Kone Ngalulawa , Khoza Siyabonga 
Published: December 2022

Background
The National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the European Society of Cardiology recommend using low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a treatment target for cholesterol lowering therapy. The Friedewald formula underestimates LDL-C in non-fasted and hypertriglyceridemia patients. This study aimed to compare measured LDL-C to calculated LDL-C in diabetic patients using the Friedewald and Martin-Hopkins formulae.

Methods
The data of 1 247 adult diabetes patients were retrospectively evaluated, and included triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol that were measured on the Roche Cobas® c702. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was used to determine the degree of agreement between measured LDL-C and calculated LDL-C using both formulae. The Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the bias at medical decision limits based on the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.

Results
Both formulae showed a good linear relationship against measured LDL-C. However, the Martin-Hopkins formula outperformed the Friedewald formula at LDL-C treatment target <1.4mmol/L. The Friedewald formula and the Martin-Hopkins formula had 14.9% and 10.9% mean positive bias, respectively. At TG-C ≥1.7 mmol/L, the Martin-Hopkins formula had a lower mean positive bias of 4.2% (95% CI 3.0–5.5) compared to the Friedewald formula, which had a mean positive bias of 21.8% (95% CI 19.9–23), which was higher than the NCEP ATP III recommended total allowable limit of 12%.

Conclusion
The Martin-Hopkins formula performed better than the Friedewald formula at LDL-C of 1.4 mmol/L and showed the least positive bias in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Near-peer teaching in problem-based learning: Perspectives from tutors and tutees
Authors: Zheng Binbin , Wang Zilu 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThis study explores how tutors and tutees perceived their teaching and learning experience in a near-peer teaching programme within a formal undergraduate medical-education curriculum.MethodsThis mixed-methods study was conducted in an Asian medical school. First, a survey was administered to two groups of students, one that had been tutored by near-peers, and another with faculty tutors. Then, the near-peer tutors were interviewed and wrote reflection essays that the researchers collected. Quantitative analysis was used to analyse the survey responses, and qualitative analysis to analyse the interview and reflection data.ResultsOur study found no difference between near-peer tutees’ and faculty tutees’ perceptions of either tutor facilitation or tutor behaviours. Also, when near-peer tutors explained how their experience of delivering tutoring had influenced their professional-identity formation, they highlighted that they had gained skills important to their future careers as medical educators.ConclusionIntegrating near-peer teaching into undergraduate medical curricula could be beneficial to both tutors and tutees because of the social, cognitive, and professional congruence between these two groups, and due to its likely positive influence on their professional-identity formation.