bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lossless end-to-end transport of small molecules through micron-length DNA nanochannels
Authors: Li Yi , Maffeo Christopher , Joshi Himanshu , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Ménard Brice , Schulman Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDesigned and engineered protein and DNA nanopores can sense and characterize single molecules and control transmembrane transport of molecular species. However, designed biomolecular pores are less than 100 nm in length and are used primarily for transport across lipid membranes. Nanochannels that span longer distances could be used as conduits for molecules between non-adjacent compartments or cells. Here, we design microns-long, 7 nm diameter DNA nanochannels that small molecules can traverse according to the laws of continuum diffusion. Binding DNA origami caps to channel ends eliminates transport and demonstrates that molecules diffuse from one channel end to the other rather than permeating through channel walls. These micron-length nanochannels can also grow, form interconnects, and interface with living cells. This work thus shows how to construct multifunctional, dynamic agents that control molecular transport, opening new ways of studying intercellular signaling and modulating molecular transport between synthetic and living cells.Abstract Figure
Structural basis of mammalian Complex IV inhibition by steroids
Authors: Di Trani Justin , Moe Agnes , Riepl Daniel , Saura Patricia , Kaila Ville R. I. , Brzezinski Peter , Rubinstein John L. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial electron transport chain maintains the proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis. The energy for this process comes from oxidation of NADH and succinate, with the electrons from this oxidation passed via intermediate carriers to oxygen. Complex IV (CIV), the terminal oxidase, transfers electrons from the intermediate electron carrier cytochrome c to oxygen, contributing to the proton motive force in the process. Within CIV, protons move through the K- and D-pathways during turnover. The former is responsible for transferring two protons to the enzyme’s catalytic site upon reduction of the site, where they eventually combine with oxygen and electrons to form water. CIV is the main site for respiratory regulation, and although previous studies showed that steroid-binding can regulate CIV activity little is known about how this regulation occurs. Here we characterize the interaction between CIV and steroids using a combination of kinetic experiments, structure determination, and molecular simulations. We show that molecules with a sterol moiety, such as glyco-diosgenin and cholesteryl hemisuccinate, reversibly inhibit CIV. Flash photolysis experiments probing the high-speed equilibration of electrons within CIV demonstrate that binding of these molecules inhibits proton uptake through the K-pathway. Single particle cryo-EM of CIV with glyco-diosgenin reveals a previously undescribed steroid-binding site adjacent to the K-pathway, and molecular simulations suggest that the steroid binding modulates the conformational dynamics of key residues and proton transfer kinetics within this pathway. The binding pose of the sterol group sheds light on possible structural gating mechanisms in the CIV catalytic cycle.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMammalian complex IV (CIV), the final complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, uses electrons from cytochrome c to reduce oxygen to water, driving aerobic life. Although CIV functions as the main site for respiratory regulation, there is little structural or biochemical information on how this regulation occurs. Previous studies provided evidence of CIV regulation by steroids, but the steroid binding site and regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we discover the binding site of the steroid-derived detergent, glyco-diosgenin. Results from flash photolysis kinetic experiments with CIV in the presence of glyco-diosgenin and cholesterol hemisuccinate are combined with cryo-EM and molecular simulations to elucidate how steroid binding limits proton uptake by the complex.
Automated decision-making
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav Hristov 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse three decision-making approaches that involve humans and artificial autonomous agents, namely, human “in the loop”, “on the loop” and “out of the loop” and identifies the decision characteristics that determine the choice of a decision-making approach.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper that analyses the relationships between the human and the artificial autonomous agents in the decision-making process from the perspectives of the agency theory, sustainability, legislation, economics and operations management.

Findings
The paper concludes that the human “out of the loop” approach is most suitable for quick, standardised, frequent decisions with low negative consequences of a wrong decision by the artificial intelligence taken within a well-defined context. Complex decisions with high outcome uncertainty that involve significant ethical issues require human participation in the form of a human “in the loop” or “on the loop” approach. Decisions that require high transparency need to be left to humans.

Originality/value
The paper evaluates the decision-making approaches from the perspectives of the agency theory, sustainability, legislation, economics and operations management and identifies the decision characteristics that determine the choice of a decision-making approach.
What matters, and what matters most? Exploring resident satisfaction in continuing care retirement communities
Authors: Chaulagain Suja , Li Jianwen , Pizam Abraham 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Resident satisfaction is a catalyst for continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) to enhance their competitiveness in the expanding senior living market. CCRC attributes play an imperative role in resident satisfaction when older adults reside in these communities. The purpose of this study was to identify the attributes that affect CCRC resident satisfaction and quantify their relative levels of importance. In addition, the impact of resident satisfaction on word of mouth (WOM) and satisfaction with life was examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed hypotheses were tested by performing structural equation modeling on the data collected from 332 CCRC residents throughout the USA.

Findings
The study results revealed that all 10 of the CCRC attributes identified in this study significantly influenced resident satisfaction. Sociopsychological factors had the strongest influence on resident satisfaction, followed by cost and value, medical services, availability of activities, food and beverage services, design, rooms, management and staff, location, and spiritual environment. The study results further indicated that resident satisfaction had a positive impact on WOM and satisfaction with life.

Practical implications
This study provides significant practical implications for CCRC owners and operators to help them better identify the types of CCRC attributes and their relative levels of importance for resident satisfaction.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first comprehensive studies to identify CCRC attributes associated with resident satisfaction and examine the impact of resident satisfaction on satisfaction with life within the senior living field.
Electrical wear performance of copper matrix composites reinforced with hybrid CNTs and TiB2 particles
Authors: Yang Yubo , Guo Xiuhua , Song Kexing , Long Fei , Wang Xu , Li Shaolin , Li Zhou 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Copper matrix composites are widely used in high-voltage switches, electrified railways and other electric friction fields. The purpose of this study is to improve its wear resistance and investigate the effect of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium diboride (TiB2) particles reinforced copper matrix composites on electrical wear performance.

Design/methodology/approach
CNTs and TiB2 particles were introduced into copper matrix simultaneously by powder metallurgy combined with electroless copper plating. Electrical wear performance of the composites was studied on self-made pin on disk electrical wear tester.

Findings
The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate of (1CNTs–4TiB2)/Cu composite are respectively reduced by 40% and 25.3%, compared with single TiB2/Cu composites. The micron-sized TiB2 particles can hinder the plastic deformation of composites, and bear part of the load to weaken the wear rate of composites. CNTs with the self-lubricating property can form lubricating layer to reduce the friction coefficient of composites.

Originality/value
This work can provide a design method for further improving the wear properties of TiB2/Cu composites.
Disruptive crisis management: lessons from managing a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Donelli Chiara Carolina , Fanelli Simone , Zangrandi Antonello , Elefanti Marco 
Published: April 2022

PurposeHealthcare organizations worldwide were badly hit by the “surprise” of the pandemic. Hospitals in particular are trying hard to manage problems it caused, searching for solutions to protect the health of citizens and reorienting operations. The implementation of resilience solutions in the coping phase and the ability to react promptly and redefine activities is essential. Integrating crisis management and resiliency literature, this paper discusses how health organizations were able to cope with adversity during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe research is conducted through a case study of a large Italian hospital, the Gemelli Polyclinic Foundation, which was one of the leading hospitals in the Italian response to the pandemic.FindingsThe case reports actions taken in order to continue functioning and to maintain core activities despite severe adversity. The overall response of the Gemelli was the result of the three types of response: behavioral (effective leadership), cognitive (rapid resource reallocation) and the contextual reinforcement (multiagency network response). The authors highlight how an integrative framework of crisis management and resiliency could be applied to healthcare organizations in the coping phase of the pandemic. The experience of the Gemelli can thus be useful for other hospitals and organizations facing external crises and for overall improvement of crisis management and resilience. Responding to crisis brings the opportunity to make innovations introduced during emergencies structural, and embed them moving forward.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses only on the coping phase of the response to the pandemic, whereas building long-term resilience requires understanding how organizations accumulate knowledge from crises and adapt to the “new normal.”Originality/valueThe paper responds to the call for empirical studies to advance knowledge of an integrative framework of crisis management and resiliency theories with reference to complex organizations such as healthcare.
Avaneetha Textiles: empowering women through education
Authors: Arjunan Satya Nandini , Zachariah Minu , Manimala Mathew J. 
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis
Womenomics is the idea that women’s economic development will lead to improving the economy as a whole

Research methodology
The case is a primary case. Gender equity is about treating men and women fairly, data for the case was collected through interviews with the protagonist Ms Kalpana Anand.

Case overview/synopsis
Although women are capable of writing their own destiny regardless of what they are and where they come from, Kalpana Anand, the Executive Director of Avaneetha Textiles, believes that education plays an essential role in empowering women. Accordingly she is determined to offer shop floor jobs to young underprivileged women aspiring dropouts that provides them an opportunity to learn while they earn. Established in the year 2004 in Coimbatore, Avaneetha Textiles is currently being managed by two sisters Uma (Managing Director) and Kalpana. Although this business model supports around 900 young women, not all have made the most of it. Only 25% of their employees benefitted from the “learn-while-you-earn” program promoted by the company. Kalpana realized that such a conduct would hinder the achievement of empowering women. Therefore, the challenge before her was to motivate more women to enroll for different courses and thereby improve the quality of their life.

Complexity and academic level
Graduate or post-graduate level of courses in management, commerce, sociology, social work and related subjects.
Robust local slope estimation by deep learning
Authors: Zu Shaohuan , Cao Junxing , Fomel Sergey , Yang Liuqing , Saad Omar M. , Chen Yangkang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn the seismic community, the local slope is essential for various applications, including structure prediction, seislet transform, trace interpolation and denoising. The most popular method to calculate slope is the plane‐wave destruction, which assumes that the seismic data can be represented by local plane waves. However, the plane‐wave destruction method fails when the seismic data become very noisy. Taking random noise into consideration, we adopt the deep learning method to calculate the local slope. In the deep learning architecture, the input is noisy data and the target is an accurate slope estimated from the clean data using plane‐wave destruction. The deep learning architecture includes a convolutional layer, deconvolutional layer, normalization layer and activation layer which are suitable to suppress noise and learn the nonlinear relationship between the input and the target. After training, the network is applied to other test examples to calculate local slopes. In addition, we implement the seislet transform and structure prediction applications based on the estimated slope. Both the estimated slope and the related applications indicate that the proposed method can robustly obtain the local slope from noisy seismic data, compared with the plane‐wave destruction method.
Changes in temperature alter competitive interactions and overall structure of fig wasp communities
Authors: Aung Khin Me Me , Chen Huan‐Huan , Segar Simon T. , Miao Bai‐Ge , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Liu Cong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Organisms exist within ecological networks, connected through interactions such as parasitism, predation and mutualism which can modify their abundance and distribution within habitat patches. Differential species responses make it hard to predict the influence of climate change at the community scale. Understanding the interplay between climate and biotic interactions can improve our predictions of how ecosystems will respond to current global warming.

We aim to understand how climate affects the multitrophic biotic interactions as well as the community structure using the enclosed communities of wasps associated with figs as study system.

To examine the presence and strength of multitrophic species interactions, we first characterized the multitrophic community of fig wasps associated with Ficus racemosa and then applied hierarchical joint species distribution models, fitted to community monitoring data. We further evaluated the effect of climate on individual species trends as well as interspecific interactions.

We found that the competitive balance shifted to favour non‐pollinating galling wasps and disadvantage the dominant pollinator in suboptimal conditions. Furthermore, suboptimal conditions for galling wasps facilitated the occurrence of their specialized parasitoid, as changes cascaded across trophic levels and led to alternative community structures. Our results highlight the role of how species interactions can be modified across multiple trophic levels in a fig wasp community according to climate.
Novel protein carrier system based on cyanobacterial nano‐sized extracellular vesicles for application in fish
Authors: Matinha‐Cardoso Jorge , Coutinho Filipe , Lima Steeve , Eufrásio Ana , Carvalho António Paulo , Oliva‐Teles Aires , Bessa José , Tamagnini Paula , Serra Cláudia R. , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAquaculture has been one of the fastest‐growing food industry sectors, expanding at the pace of consumers' demands. To promote safe and effective fish growth performance strategies, and to stimulate environmentally friendly solutions to protect fish against disease outbreaks, new approaches are needed to safeguard fish welfare, as well as farmers and consumers interests. Here, we tested the use of cyanobacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel nanocarrier system of heterologous proteins for applications in fish. We started by incubating zebrafish larvae with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 EVs, isolated from selected mutant strains with different cell envelope characteristics. Results show that Synechocystis EVs are biocompatible with fish larvae, regardless of their structural composition, as EVs neither induced fish mortality nor triggered significant inflammatory responses. We establish also that cyanobacteria are amenable to engineering heterologous protein expression and loading into EVs, for which we used the reporter sfGFP. Moreover, upon immersion treatment, we successfully demonstrate that sfGFP‐loaded Synechocystis EVs accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish larvae. This work opens the possibility of using cyanobacterial EVs as a novel biotechnological tool in fish, with prospective applications in carrying proteins/enzymes, for example for modulating their nutritional status or stimulating specific adaptive immune responses.
Impact of losing adipose tissue on outcomes from PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nishioka Naoya , Naito Tateaki , Miyawaki Taichi , Yabe Michitoshi , Doshita Kosei , Kodama Hiroaki , Miyawaki Eriko , Iida Yuko , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Ko Ryo , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Murakami Haruyasu , Takayama Koichi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdipose tissue induces inflammation, which desensitizes the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, several reports show that the therapeutic effect of programed cell death 1 (PD‐1)/programed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor(s) monotherapy is significantly better in obese patients. Therefore, the effect of adipose tissue on immunotherapy is unclear.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy between May 2016 and December 2018. We classified patients into total adipose tissue maintenance or loss groups according to adipose tissue change during the 6 months before treatment and compared the therapeutic effect of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors between these groups along with the presence or absence of cachexia, a poor prognostic factor.ResultsOf the 74 patients, 40 (54.1%) were cachexic. Among cachexic patients, we found no clear difference in the overall response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between the total adipose tissue maintenance and loss group. However, among noncachexic patients, the total adipose tissue loss group had a higher ORR (64.7% vs. 23.5%, p < 0.05) and longer PFS (18.5 months vs. 2.86 months, p = 0.037) than the maintenance group.ConclusionsThis study showed that decreasing adipose tissue without cachexia might favor the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy.
Density and domination
Authors: OLIPHANT ELAYNE 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe question whether Europe's Christian churches and monasteries are “religious” or “secular” distracts us from something far more significant: Europe's historical participation in systems of enslavement and expropriation. While these solid buildings seem to demand that we pay attention to them in their “density,” such a focus overlooks their role in reaffirming the boundaries and morality of the dominant group, which, in France, is formed through a convergence of Whiteness and Catholicism. Following a model laid out by Michel‐Rolph Trouillot, I analyze how Paris's Roman Catholic churches participate in the workings of history as sources, archives, narratives, and history. At each stage in their production, these churches have helped silence violent aspects of French history, including slavery and colonialism, while affirming the superiority of White Christian man. [heritage, density, workings of history, silences, Catholicism, Catholic materiality, Paris, France, Europe]
Productivity and payout policy
Authors: Kulchania Manoj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractI investigate how a firm's total factor productivity (TFP) is related to its payout policy. I find that firms with higher TFP are more likely to pay dividends and repurchase shares. Such firms also pay higher dividends and repurchase more shares, even after controlling for income and other factors known to affect payout policy. Results are robust to propensity score matching and other analyses, including adoption of productivity‐enhancing technology. I find that firms with higher TFP earn higher future operating income; productive firms with higher agency concerns pay back more, thus draining resources that could potentially be misused.
Lessons from the Field. Community‐based participatory research: The important role of university–community partnerships to support grandfamilies
Authors: Fruhauf Christine A. , Yancura Loriena A. , Greenwood‐Junkermeier Heather , Riggs Nathaniel R. , Fox Aimee L. , Mendoza A. Nancy , Ooki Nancy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes the development and implementation of a tripartite educational intervention to support custodial grandparents, grandchildren, and service providers who work with grandfamilies.BackgroundGrounded in theory and practice of working with both grandparents and their grandchildren, this article provides an overview of strategies and approaches for recruitment and retention of grandfamilies in educational intervention programming and a discussion of our approach to bridging science into practice and the important role of university–community partnerships using community‐based participatory research principles.ImplicationsAlthough we provide specific examples from the development and implementation of the multistate GRANDcares program, these methods and the lessons from the field may be broadly applied to many aspects of working with skipped‐generation and multigenerational families.