bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological plasticity of lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) in the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Leshchuk N. V. , Bashkatova O. P. , Symonenko N. V. , Dydiv O.Y. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To reveal the adaptive potential of stem lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) accor­ding to the parameters of yield, ecological plasticity, stability and adaptability in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The stability and plasticity of stem lettuce yield was evaluated according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Rassel method. Soil and climatic conditions of the research area were generally favorable for lettuce growth and development. Research methods: field, laboratory and statistical.
Results. Stem lettuce varieties showed different duration of the interfacial period of germination – technical ripeness: for ‘Pogonych’ variety it was 35 days, which made it possible to collect marketable products 6 days earlier than in the control. ‘Cobra’ variety showed the largest leaf area (13 109.12 m2). The value of the yield index of the rosette of leaves and stems over the years of research was in the range of 53.2–57.0 t/ha. Variety ‘Pogonych’ showed the highest rates of Yp.p. and Yd. – 74.0 and 7.8 t/ha, respectively. The stem lettuce varieties had a high coefficient of agronomic stability > 70%. ‘Tseltus’ variety showed the highest value of the index of environmental conditions (bi = 1.07), which indicates its high sensitivity in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. ‘Pogonych’ variety demonstrated ecological plasticity.
Conclusions. ‘Pogonych’ stem lettuce variety showed ecological plasticity, stability and tolerance to stressful environmental conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, but it was less adaptive to the constant limits of soil and climatic parameters of environmental factors. High homeostaticity was inherent in all studied varie­ties, which had a higher, than 70% coefficient of agronomic stability, namely: ‘Pogonych’, ‘Cobra’ and ‘Tseltus’.
Future climate change and impacts on water resources in the Upper Blue Nile basin
Authors: Takele Gebiyaw Sitotaw , Gebrie Geremew Sahilu , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes , Engida Agizew Nigussie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the water resources of the Upper Blue Nile basin using an integrated climate and hydrological model. The impact of climate change on water resources is being assessed using the regional climate model (RCM) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. Future climate scenarios have been developed for the 2030s (2021–2040) and the 2050s (2041–2060). The study found that the projected rainfall shows a decreasing trend and is not statistically significant, while the temperature shows an increasing trend and is statistically significant. Due to the sharp rise in temperature, the annual evapotranspiration increased by about 10.4%. This and the declining trend of rainfall will reduce streamflow up to 54%, surface runoff up to 31%, and water yield up to 31%. Climate change causes seasonal and annual fluctuations in the water balance components. However, the projected seasonal changes are much greater than the annual changes. Therefore, the results of this study will be useful to basin planners, policymakers, and water resources managers in developing adaptation strategies to offset the adverse effects of climate change in the Upper Blue Nile basin.
An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Sajid , Ren Jingli , Xiong Neal , Fawad Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable and adaptive to a wide range of humid to semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available in developing countries. Therefore, numerous temperature-based formulas have been designed to address this issue for various environments. Their calibration and validation against the local climate frequently lead to increases in performance. We revised the Hargreaves exponent (EH) and substituted a value of (0.16) for the original value (0.5). The modified Hargreaves formula enhances the ETo predictions with a mean absolute error ranging from (0.791) mm per day for Balakot to (2.36) mm per day in Risalpur, averaging (3.797) mm per day, as compared to the Hargreaves-Samani (16.827) mm per day. In general, all the selected models showed high accuracy. However, the modified Hargreaves equation appeared to give the most promising results. It ranked first in (50%) of the whole area based on the standard error of estimate for estimating ETo in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Additional research must be conducted to determine the study's relevance to other regions.
Green Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Organic Compounds
Authors: Susan Md. Abu Bin Hasan , Ahmed Saika , Ara Gulshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:In recent years, nanomaterials as photocatalysts have gained much popularity for the removal of organic pollutants from tainted water using photodegradation, since the available chemical, physical, and biological methods are often time consuming, involve high cost and dumping complications, some-times posing serious threat to both human health and environmental elements. The use of nanomaterials is less expensive and does not, in general, form aggregated macromolecules. In addition, nanotechnology for waste-water treatment demolishes or alters the risky chemical wastes to harmless end products like H2O and CO2. Nanomaterials synthesized from natural resources or prepared using green synthetic routes are receiving a surge of interest as our consciousness of the ecological environment and safety rises. ‘Green’ materials of this kind might also show unique strength features and exceptional biodegradability, along with their other notable advantageous properties like a minimum threat to the environment, efficient recyclability and low cost compared to synthetic nanomaterials. Such green nanomaterials can also serve as nanocatalysts to treat toxic organic pollutants in a safer way, including photodegradation to less or non-toxic products. This article reviews the latest developments on the synthesis of some promising green nanomaterials aiming towards their efficient uses as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollu-tants. Strategies to find new green materials as photocatalysts through the modification of technologies and the development of novel methodologies for the safer treatment of organic pollutants will also be discussed.
Distinguishment of Weak Interactions of Hydrogen Atoms Bound to Carbon
Atoms: X-Ray Crystal Structural and Hirshfeld Surface Analyses of 2-
Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)naphthalene with the 2-
Methoxylated Homologue
Authors: Iida Kikuko , Muto Toyokazu , Kobayashi Miyuki , Iitsuka Hiroaki , Li Kun , Yonezawa Noriyuki , Okamoto Akiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
X-ray crystal and Hirshfeld surface analyses of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2,4,6-
trimethylbenzoyl)naphthalene and its 2-methoxylated homologue show quantitatively and visually
distinct molecular contacts in crystals and minute differences in the weak intermolecular interactions.
The title compound has a helical tubular packing, where molecules are piled in a two-folded
head-to-tail fashion. The homologue has a tight zigzag molecular string lined up behind each other
via nonclassical intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen atom and the hydrogen
atom of the naphthalene ring. The dnorm index obtained from the Hirshfeld surface analysis
quantitatively demonstrates stronger molecular contacts in the homologue, an ethereal compound,
than in the title compound, an alcohol, which is consistent with the higher melting temperature of
the former than the latter. Stabilization through the significantly weak intermolecular nonclassical
hydrogen bonding interactions in the homologue surpasses the stability imparted by the intramolecular
C=O…H–O classical hydrogen bonds in the title compound. The classical hydrogen
bond places the six-membered ring in the concave of the title molecule. The hydroxy group opposingly
disturbs the molecular aggregation of the title compound, as demonstrated by the distorted
H…H interactions covering the molecular surface, owing to the rigid molecular conformation. The
position of effective interactions predominate over the strength of the classical/nonclassical hydrogen
bonds in the two compounds.
Pharmacophore Modelling and Virtual Screening Studies for the Discovery of Potential Natural Products Based PDE1B Inhibitor Lead Compounds
Authors: Shy Teng Woei , Gaurav Anand 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to apply pharmacophore based virtual screening to a
natural product database to identify potential PDE1B inhibitor lead compounds for neurodegenerative
and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Background:
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are a major health burden globally.
The existing therapies do not provide optimal relief and are associated with substantial adverse effects.
This has resulted in a huge unmet medical need for newer and more effective therapies for these disorders. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) enzymes have been identified as potential targets of drugs for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and one of the subtypes, i.e., PDE1B, accounts for
more than 90 % of total brain PDE activity associated with learning and memory process, making it an
interesting drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives:
The present study has been conducted to identify potential PDE1B inhibitor lead compounds from the natural product database.

Methods:
Ligand-based pharmacophore models were generated and validated; they were then employed for virtual screening of Universal Natural Products Database (UNPD) followed by docking
with PDE1B to identify the best hit compound.

Results:
Virtual screening led to the identification of 85 compounds which were then docked into the
active site of PDE1B. Out of the 85 compounds, six showed a higher affinity for PDE1B than the
standard PDE1B inhibitors. The top scoring compound was identified as Cedreprenone.

Conclusion:
Virtual screening of UNPD using Ligand based pharmacophore led to the identification
of Cedreprenone, a potential new natural PDE1B inhibitor lead compound.
Effect of Die Materials on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Zirconia Copings: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Al-Mussawi Raja M. , Farid Farzaneh , Haider Julfikar 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
Close adaptation of cemented CAD/CAM restorations to their abutments is highly dependent on precise impressions and accurate replicas of teeth and adjacent oral tissues. This in-vitro study compared the effect of two die materials, as physical replicas of prepared teeth, on internal and marginal adaptations of zirconia copings to their corresponding abutments.

Materials and Methods:
A virtual model simulating a prepared premolar was designed and used for the milling of thirty identical metal models. Impression was taken of all models by Polyvinyl siloxane material. Fifteen impressions were poured in with Type IV stone and the other fifteen with polyurethane resin to make dies. All dies were scanned, and for each of them, zirconia coping was designed and milled. The copings were cemented to their corresponding metal models. Marginal gap between each coping and its metal model was measured at 20 points with a stereomicroscope (×60). Then the specimens were sectioned into two halves, and the internal gap was measured at seven points, including right and left cervico-axial, mid-axial, occluso-axial, and mid-occlusal. The data were analyzed with an independent T-test and repeated measure ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (p<0.05).

Results:
Mean value of marginal gap for Type IV stone and Exakto-Form groups were 54.31 ± 4.11 μm and 56.25 ± 4.24 μm, respectively. Mean values of the internal gaps for both groups ranged from 48 μm to 120 μm.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, an internal and marginal adaptation of zirconia copings designed on digitized polyurethane and Type IV stone dies are clinically acceptable.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Microshear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Restorations to Dentin using Different Adhesive Systems and the Effect of Thermocycling
Authors: Valizadeh Sara , Farhadi Elham , Moradi Aida , Hashemikamangar Sedighe S. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Currently, non-thermal plasma is used to modify the enamel and dentin surfaces to improve the bonding surface to dental composite resins. Non-thermal plasma creates a hydrophilic surface, decreases the contact angle, and improves the bonding quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of composite resins to dentin using different adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods:
Bovine incisor teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of G-Premio, Clearfil SE Bond, and Adper Single Bond adhesive groups after preparation. Each group was divided into two subgroups in terms of argon plasma surface preparation, and each subgroup was divided into two groups in terms of thermocycling (n=12). The microshear bond strength of the samples was determined using a universal testing machine. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of the adhesive, plasma preparation, and thermocycling. Post hoc Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons of µSBS. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05.

Results:
The results of the µSBS test showed that the application of plasma resulted in a significant increase in the mean µSBS in the G-Premio group, with no significant increase in the Clearfil SE bond and Adper Single groups. The effect of thermocycling after plasma application was significant only in the Adper Single group.

Conclusion:
The application of plasma might increase the bond strength of composite resins to dentin. However, further studies are necessary.
O colonialismo filtrado pelo olhar
Authors: Madeira Bruno , Rodrigues Filipa 
Published: December 2021

A fotografia e a sua relação com uma almejada verdade histórica tem sido complexa. Olhar para ela como mero documento-fonte, ignorando a sua dimensão subjetiva, não corresponde a uma aproximação à totalidade do seu discurso, denotado e conotado, e da sua retórica. Por conseguinte, olharemos para a fotografia como processo de construção intencional de verdades, de discursos e de narrativas com objetivos políticos, culturais, sociais e económicos. No fundo, partimos da conceção de que a imagem produzida é sempre fruto das relações de poder existentes na sociedade em que é fixada e à qual se destina.
Neste artigo, propomo-nos refletir acerca desta tensão entre a objetividade e a subjetividade da imagem a partir do estudo da fotografia colonial produzida pelos serviços da Diamang. Nela procurando pensar a dicotomia visibilidade-invisibilidade e testando conceitos como os de alteridade, subalternidade e dominação. Avançaremos também com uma proposta de classificação e de leitura da narrativa visual da Diamang, centrando-nos em seis imagens-exemplo.
Classification of Patients for Whom Benefit of Long-term Opioid Therapy No Longer Outweighs Harm: Protocol for a Delphi Study
Authors: Van Cleve Raymond , Edmond Sara , Snow Jennifer , Black Anne C , Pomeranz Jamie L , Becker William 
Published: December 2021

Background
Patients with chronic pain prescribed long-term opioid therapy may come to a point where the benefits of the therapy are outweighed by the risks and tapering is indicated. At the 2019 Veterans Health Administration State of the Art Conference, there was an acknowledgment of a lack of clinical guidance with regard to treating this subset of patients. Some of the participants believed clinicians and patients would both benefit from a new diagnostic entity describing this situation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine if a new diagnostic entity was needed and what the criteria of the diagnostic entity would be. Given the ability of the Delphi method to synthesize input from a broad range of experts, we felt this technique was the most appropriate for this study.

Methods
We designed a modified Delphi technique involving 3 rounds. The first round is a series of open-ended questions asking about the necessity of this diagnostic entity, how this condition is different from opioid use disorder, and what its possible diagnostic criteria would be. After synthesizing the responses collected, a second round will be conducted to ask participants to rate the different responses offered by their peers. These ratings will be collected and analyzed, and will generate a preliminary definition for this clinical phenomena. In the third round, we will circulate this definition with the aim of achieving consensus.

Results
The modified Delphi study was initiated in July of 2020 and analysis is currently underway.

Conclusions
This protocol has been approved by the Internal Review Board at the Connecticut Veterans Affairs and the study is in process. This protocol may assist other researchers conducting similar studies.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/33310
HEAT TREATMENT MATERIAL TIE ROD PADA TEMPERATURE 1000 0C TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO, KEKERASAN DAN KEAUSAN
Authors: Firdhaus Firman , Setiawan Widia 
Published: December 2021

Tie rod adalah salah satu komponen dari actuator coal pulverizer dengan fungsi sebagai penahan naik turunnya grinding roller pada saat proses penggilingan didalam coal pulverizer. PT PJB UBJ O&M PLTU Tanjung Awar-Awar sebagai perusahaan pembangkit listrik tenaga uap mengalami kendala seperti kebocoran coal pulverizer, breakdown coal pulverizer dan kebakaran akibat semburan batu bara. Salah satu penyebab utama dari masalah tersebut adalah tie rod pada coal pulverizer mengalami patah dan aus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerasan dan keausan yang optimal dengan memakai perlakuan panas. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh variasi perlakuan panas terhadap struktur mikro, nilai kekerasan dan nilai keausan pada baja AISI S5 Steel. Penelitian ini dilakukan perlakuan panas pada temperature austenite 10000C dengan waktu penahanan 24 menit yang kemudian diberi variasi pendinginan yaitu quenching, annealing dan quench tepering menggunakan temperature 2000C dengan penahanan 48 menit. Hasil dari perlakuan panas tersebut dianalisa struktur mikro, uji kekerasan dan uji keausan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa material tie rod adalah baja perkakas AISI S5 Steel. Struktur mikro yang terbentuk pada spesimen raw material dan annealing adalah ferite dan perlite. Fasa ferrite dan martensite terbentuk pada material quenching dan quench tempering. Nilai kekerasan Proses heat treatment yang menghasilkan sifat yang optimal pada material tie rod adalah quench tempering, hal ini dikarenaka nilai kekerasannya meningkat menjadi 503,22 VHN, memiliki nilai keausan sebesar 0,832803 x 10-4 mm3/kg.m dan material quench tempering memiliki sifat ulet dan tangguh. Kata Kunci: AISI S5 Steel, Tie rod, Perlakuan panas, Uji kekerasan, Uji keausan
Desain dan Manufaktur Tabung Gas Komposit Karbon dengan Metode Wet Bladder Compression Moulding
Authors: Nugraha Aditya , Nugroho Gesang 
Published: December 2021

Penggunaan material komposit semakin beragam seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi di berbagai bidang. Serat karbon merupakan material komposit yang banyak digunakan karena memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik, tahan korosi, memiliki rasio kekuatan terhadap berat jenis yang tinggi. Salah satu aplikasi penggunaan material komposit serat karbon yang sangat terbuka peluang pengembangannya adalah untuk tabung gas. Penelitian ini akan menyajikan desain, proses manufaktur, dan pengujian tabung gas komposit. Proses desain meliputi desain tabung gas komposit, desain cetakan, dan desain bladder. Tabung gas komposit terbuat dari serat karbon dan matriks resin epoxy sebanyak 6 lapis pada dinding tabung. Proses manufaktur dilakukan dengan metode wet bladder compression moulding yaitu dengan menggunakan dua buah mould dari material fiberglass bagian atas dan bawah, dan dengan menggunakan bladder atau kantung bertekanan dari latex untuk menekan material komposit. Uji hidrostatis dilakukan menggunakan manual test pump untuk menguji kekuatan tabung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tabung gas komposit serat karbon dapat menahan tekanan hidrostatis hingga 18 bar.
Implementasi Model Integer Programming Dalam Mengoptimalkan Produksi “Kurma Babe” Kota Kupang
Authors: Adoe V S , Leuhoe Y J I 
Published: December 2021

Integer programming menrupakan bentuk atau model matematis dari pemrograman linear yang mengharuskan atau mensyaratkan hasil yang diperoleh adalah bilangan bulat tak negatif. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan model integer programming untuk menganalisis hasil produksi yang optimal dari produk “KURMA BABE”. UD. Serba Karya adalah salah satu UKM di Kota Kupang yang memproduksi “KURMA BABE” dengan 2 model atau variasi yaitu Kurma Biasa dan Kurma Spoon. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah pemilik usaha belum melakukan perencanaan produksi secara tepat terkait penggunaan atau kombinasi sumber daya atau input produksi sehingga produk yang dihasilakn belum optimal. Hal ini tentunya akan berpengaruh terhadap keuntungan yang diperoleh tidak maksimal. Sehingga dengan model integer programming dan penggunaan POM-QM For Windows V4 sebagai alat bantu analisis diperoleh bahwa hasil optimalnya adalah X1 (Kursi Biasa) = 4 unit, X3 (Meja Biasa) = 2 unit dengan Z = 18 unit (3 set “KURMA BABE”), dengan keuntungannya sebesar Rp. 1.050.000,- sekali produksi.
Kata Kunci : Integer Programming, Produksi Optimal