bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiphase response of the Indonesian–Australian monsoon to millennial-scale events of the last glacial period
Authors: Scroxton Nick , Gagan Michael K. , Ayliffe Linda K. , Hantoro Wahyoe S. , Hellstrom John C. , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence , Zhao Jian-xin , Suwargadi Bambang W. , Rifai Hamdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntiphase behaviour of monsoon systems in alternate hemispheres is well established at yearly and orbital scales in response to alternating sensible heating of continental landmasses. At intermediate timescales without a sensible heating mechanism both in-phase and antiphase behaviours of northern and southern hemisphere monsoon systems are recorded at different places and timescales. At present, there is no continuous, high resolution, precisely dated record of millennial-scale variability of the Indonesian–Australian monsoon during the last glacial period with which to test theories of paleomonsoon behaviour. Here, we present an extension of the Liang Luar, Flores, speleothem δ18O record of past changes in southern hemisphere summer monsoon intensity back to 55.7 kyr BP. Negative δ18O excursions (stronger monsoon) occur during Heinrich events whereas positive excursions (weaker monsoon) occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials—a first order antiphase relationship with northern hemisphere summer monsoon records. An association of negative δ18O excursions with speleothem growth phases in Liang Luar suggests that these stronger monsoons are related to higher rainfall amounts. However, the response to millennial-scale variability is inconsistent, including a particularly weak response to Heinrich event 3. We suggest that additional drivers such as underlying orbital-scale variability and drip hydrology influence the δ18O response.
Predicting the risk of osteoporosis in older Vietnamese women using machine learning approaches
Authors: Bui Hanh My , Ha Minh Hoang , Pham Hoang Giang , Dao Thang Phuoc , Nguyen Thuy-Trang Thi , Nguyen Minh Loi , Vuong Ngan Thi , Hoang Xuyen Hong Thi , Do Loc Tien , Dao Thanh Xuan , Le Cuong Quang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis contributes significantly to health and economic burdens worldwide. However, the development of osteoporosis-related prediction tools has been limited for lower-middle-income countries, especially Vietnam. This study aims to develop prediction models for the Vietnamese population as well as evaluate the existing tools to forecast the risk of osteoporosis and evaluate the contribution of covariates that previous studies have determined to be risk factors for osteoporosis. The prediction models were developed to predict the risk of osteoporosis using machine learning algorithms. The performance of the included prediction models was evaluated based on two scenarios; in the first one, the original test parameters were directly modeled, and in the second the original test parameters were transformed into binary covariates. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the Brier score, precision, recall and F1-score were calculated to evaluate the models’ performance in both scenarios. The contribution of the covariates was estimated using the Permutation Feature Importance estimation. Four models, namely, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Neural Network, were developed through two scenarios. During the validation phase, these four models performed competitively against the reference models, with the areas under the curve above 0.81. Age, height and weight contributed the most to the risk of osteoporosis, while the correlation of the other covariates with the outcome was minor. Machine learning algorithms have a proven advantage in predicting the risk of osteoporosis among Vietnamese women over 50 years old. Additional research is required to more deeply evaluate the performance of the models on other high-risk populations.
Confocal laser endomicroscope with distal MEMS scanner for real-time histopathology
Authors: Lee Miki , Li Gaoming , Li Haijun , Duan Xiyu , Birla Mayur B. , Chang Tse-Shao , Turgeon Danielle K. , Oldham Kenn R. , Wang Thomas D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConfocal laser endomicroscopy is an emerging methodology to perform real time optical biopsy. Fluorescence images with histology-like quality can be collected instantaneously from the epithelium of hollow organs. Currently, scanning is performed at the proximal end of probe-based instruments used routinely in the clinic, and flexibility to control the focus is limited. We demonstrate use of a parametric resonance scanner packaged in the distal end of the endomicroscope to perform high speed lateral deflections. An aperture was etched in the center of the reflector to fold the optical path. This design reduced the dimensions of the instrument to 2.4 mm diameter and 10 mm length, allowing for forward passage through the working channel of a standard medical endoscope. A compact lens assembly provides lateral and axial resolution of 1.1 and 13.6 μm, respectively. A working distance of 0 μm and field-of-view of 250 μm × 250 μm was achieved at frame rates up to 20 Hz. Excitation at 488 nm was delivered to excite fluorescein, an FDA-approved dye, to generate high tissue contrast. The endomicroscope was reprocessed using a clinically-approved sterilization method for 18 cycles without failure. Fluorescence images were collected during routine colonoscopy from normal colonic mucosa, tubular adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s colitis. Individual cells, including colonocytes, goblet cells, and inflammatory cells, could be identified. Mucosal features, such as crypt structures, crypt lumens, and lamina propria, could be distinguished. This instrument has potential to be used as an accessory during routine medical endoscopy.
High intra-task and low inter-task correlations of motor skills in humans creates an individualized behavioural pattern
Authors: Kasuga Shoko , Heming Ethan , Lowrey Catherine , Scott Stephen H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur motor system allows us to generate an enormous breadth of voluntary actions, but it remains unclear whether and how much motor skill translates across tasks. For example, if an individual is good at gross motor control, are they also good at fine motor control? Previous research about the generalization across motor skills has been equivocal. Here, we compare human performance across five different motor skills. High correlation between task measures would suggest a certain level of underlying sensorimotor ability that dictates performance across all task types. Low correlation would suggest specificity in abilities across tasks. Performance on a reaching task, an object-hitting task, a bimanual coordination task, a rapid motion task and a target tracking task, was examined twice in a cohort of 25 healthy individuals. Across the cohort, we found relatively high correlations for different spatial and temporal parameters within a given task (16–53% of possible parameter pairs were significantly correlated, with significant r values ranging from 0.53 to 0.97) but relatively low correlations across different tasks (2.7–4.4% of possible parameter pairs were significantly correlated, with significant r values ranging from 0.53–0.71). We performed a cluster analysis across all individuals using 76 performance measures across all tasks for the two repeat testing sessions and demonstrated that repeat tests were commonly grouped together (16 of 25 pairs were grouped next to each other). These results highlight that individuals have different abilities across motor tasks, and that these patterns are consistent across time points.
Designing metal chelates of halogenated sulfonamide Schiff bases as potent nonplatinum anticancer drugs using spectroscopic, molecular docking and biological studies
Authors: Elsamra Rehab M. I. , Masoud Mamdouh S. , Ramadan Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, five Ni(II) complexes have been synthesized from sulfonamide-based Schiff bases (SB1–SB5) that comprise bromo or iodo substituents in the salicylidene moiety. The chemical structures of these compounds were extensively elucidated by different analytical and physicochemical studies. All ligands act as bidentate chelators with ON binding mode yielding octahedral, square planar, or tetrahedral geometries. The phenolic OH at δ 12.80 ppm in the free Schiff base SB2 vanishes in the 1H NMRspectrum of diamagnetic complex [Ni(SB2–H)2] favoring the OH deprotonation prior to the chelation with Ni(II) ion. The appearance of twin molecular ion peaks ([M − 1]+ and [M + 1]+) is due to the presence of bromine isotopes (79Br and 81Br) in the mass spectra of most cases. Also, the thermal decomposition stages of all complexes confirmed their high thermal stability and ended with the formation of NiO residue of mass 6.42% to 14.18%. Besides, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ligands and some selected complexes were evaluated. Among the ligands, SB4 showed superior antimicrobial efficacy with MIC values of 0.46, 7.54, and 0.95 µM against B. subtilis, E. coli, and A. fumigatus strains, respectively. The consortium of different substituents as two bromine atoms either at positions 3 and/or 5 on the phenyl ring and a thiazole ring is one of the reasons behind the recorded optimal activity. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the cytotoxicity screening (IC50) and molecular docking simulation outcomes that predicted a strong binding of SB2 (16.0 μM), SB4 (18.8 μM), and SB5 (6.32 μM) to the breast cancer protein (3s7s). Additionally, [Ni(SB4–H)2] (4.33 µM) has nearly fourfold potency in comparison with cisplatin (19.0 μM) against breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and is highly recommended as a promising, potent, as well as low-cost non-platinum antiproliferative agent after further drug authorization processes.
Noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex modulates rationality of human decision-making
Authors: Kroker Thomas , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Rehbein Maimu Alissa , Roesmann Kati , Wessing Ida , Junghöfer Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe framing-effect is a bias that affects decision-making depending on whether the available options are presented with positive or negative connotations. Even when the outcome of two choices is equivalent, people have a strong tendency to avoid the negatively framed option. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is crucial for rational decision-making, and dysfunctions in this region have been linked to cognitive biases, impulsive behavior and gambling addiction. Using a financial decision-making task in combination with magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging, we show that excitatory compared to inhibitory non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the vmPFC reduces framing-effects while improving the assessment of loss-probabilities, ultimately leading to increased overall gains. Behavioral and neural data consistently suggest that this improvement in rational decision-making is predominately due to an attenuation of biases towards negative affect (loss-aversion and risk-aversion). These findings recommend further research towards clinical applications of vmPFC-tDCS as in addictive disorders.
Cytokine modulation by etanercept ameliorates metabolic syndrome and its related complications induced in rats administered a high-fat high-fructose diet
Authors: Hassan Noha F. , Hassan Azza H. , El-Ansary Mona R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of etanercept (ETA)—an anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody—on metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). MS was induced in rats via high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) administration for 8 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups: negative control, HFHF model, and ETA-treated groups [HFHF + ETA (0.8 mg/kg/twice weekly, subcutaneously) administered in the last 4 weeks]. ETA effectively diminished the prominent features of MS via a significant reduction in the percent body weight gain along with the modulation of adipokine levels, resulting in a significant elevation of serum adiponectin consistent with TNF-α and serum leptin level normalization. Moreover, ETA enhanced dyslipidemia and the elevated blood pressure. ETA managed the prominent features of MS and its associated complications via the downregulation of the hepatic inflammatory pathway that induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—from the expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, and TNF-α until that of transforming growth factor—in addition to significant improvements in glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity, and liver function parameter activity and histopathological examination. ETA was effective for the treatment of all prominent features of MS and its associated complications, such as type II diabetes mellitus and NASH.
Systematic review of economic evaluations for internet- and mobile-based interventions for mental health problems
Authors: Kählke Fanny , Buntrock Claudia , Smit Filip , Ebert David Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn view of the staggering disease and economic burden of mental disorders, internet and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) targeting mental disorders have often been touted to be cost-effective; however, available evidence is inconclusive and outdated. This review aimed to provide an overview of the cost-effectiveness of IMIs for mental disorders and symptoms. A systematic search was conducted for trial-based economic evaluations published before 10th May 2021. Electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, PSYNDEX, and NHS Economic Evaluations Database) were searched for randomized controlled trials examining IMIs targeting mental disorders and symptoms and conducting a full health economic evaluation. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed. Cost-effectiveness was assumed at or below £30,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Of the 4044 studies, 36 economic evaluations were reviewed. Guided IMIs were likely to be cost-effective in depression and anxiety. The quality of most evaluations was good, albeit with some risks of bias. Heterogeneity across studies was high because of factors such as different costing methods, design, comparison groups, and outcomes used. IMIs for anxiety and depression have potential to be cost-effective. However, more research is needed into unguided (preventive) IMIs with active control conditions (e.g., treatment as usual) and longer time horizon across a wider range of disorders.Trial registration: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42018093808.
Evolving DNA repair synthetic lethality targets in cancer
Authors: Kulkarni Sanat , Brownlie Juliette , Jeyapalan Jennie N. , Mongan Nigel P. , Rakha Emad A. , Madhusudan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
DNA damage signaling response and repair (DDR) is a critical defense mechanism against genomic instability. Impaired DNA repair capacity is an important risk factor for cancer development. On the other hand, up-regulation of DDR mechanisms is a feature of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Advances in our understanding of DDR and its complex role in cancer has led to several translational DNA repair-targeted investigations culminating in clinically viable precision oncology strategy using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. While PARP directed synthetic lethality has improved outcomes for many patients, the lack of sustained clinical response and the development of resistance pose significant clinical challenges. Therefore, the search for additional DDR-directed drug targets and novel synthetic lethality approaches is highly desirable and is an area of intense preclinical and clinical investigation. Here, we provide an overview of the mammalian DNA repair pathways and then focus on current state of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and other emerging DNA repair inhibitors for synthetic lethality in cancer.
Synthesis and characterization of Inorganic Nanoparticles Luminophores for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Aziz , Bera Souhardya , Paul Swastik , Mondal Shibsankar , Saha Ankit , Roy Subhasis 
Published: November 2022

Inorganic Nanoparticle Luminophores have been the focus of ongoing research because of their special characteristics as they approach nanoscale from bulk nature. Besides, their application remains highly diverse compared to bulk zero-valent metals. In this research work, facile and economical borohydride reduction of ferric chloride was undertaken to study the kinetics of phenol photodegradation under simulated sunlight conditions. Further, photoluminescence study was undertaken to calculate the lowest energy transition of our synthesized sample. The synthesized NPs were analyzed using XRD. SEM and TEM data showed the presence of an interconnected network of nanospheresof uniform morphology in the particle range of 20–60 nm, with formation of long-chain of aggregates-characteristic of mixed valent iron oxides, which predominates on a rapidly oxidizing nZVI particle system. The photodegradation studies showed a promising result, degrading nearly the complete concentration of phenol within 24 hours. PL study reported the lowest energy transition at 1.72 eV which alternatively confirms its application as a photocatalyst in diverse fields of wastewater remediation.
Meckel's Diverticulum Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kanungo Adyasha , Shenoy Swathi , D'Cunha Aureen , Sindgikar Seema Pavaman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntermittent abdominal pain is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) complaint in the pediatric age group. When basic investigations and sonograms do not give etiological basis, functional GI disorders are diagnosed. Meckel's diverticulum (MD), being the common GI surgical condition, can be missed in absence of classical symptoms. Clinical presentation varies based on the size, location, and presence of ectopic gastric mucosa. We report a case of an adolescent female with MD presenting as chronic abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonogram was normal. Abnormal fecal calprotectin level and colonoscopy directed for a suspicion of inflammatory bowel disease. Persistence of symptoms with increasing severity prompted a relook into the diagnosis. The presence of intussusception on abdominal scan during one of the painful episodes warranted emergency exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively, the lead point for intussusception was identified as MD, which was resected. Postoperative period was uneventful. There are no abdominal symptoms since a year during the follow-up period.
Lived Experiences of Delirium in Critically Ill Children: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moradi Jasmin , Mikhail Mirriam , Lee Laurie A. , Traube Chani , Sarti Aimee J. , Choong Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the lived experiences of delirium in critically ill children. We conducted phenomenological qualitative interviews with critically ill pediatric survivors aged 0 to 18 years who had experienced delirium, along with their family caregivers and health care providers, from pediatric intensive care units in two tertiary care children's hospitals in Canada. Cases were identified if they had a Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) score of ≥ 9 for at least 48 hours. Thirteen interviews were conducted, representing 10 index patients with delirium (age range: 7 weeks to 17 years). Participants shared experiences that were divided into themes of delirium symptoms, the impact of delirium, and their experience with the care of delirium. Within each theme, subthemes were identified. Symptoms of delirium included hallucinations, fluctuating symptoms, and lack of eye contact. Children were often described as “not himself/herself.” Delirium had long-lasting impact on patients; memories remained prominent even after the hospital stay. Family members and health care providers often felt helpless and ill-prepared to manage delirium. The delirium experience had significant impact on loved ones, causing persistent and vicarious suffering after the critical illness course. Family members and health care providers prioritized nonpharmacological strategies, family presence, and education as key strategies for delirium management. The lived experience of delirium in both infants and older children is physically, psychologically, and emotionally distressing. Given the traumatic long-term consequences, there is an urgent need to target delirium education, management, and prevention to improve long-term outcomes in PICU survivors and their families.
Trial Registration number: NCT04168515.
Flames of Aegean: the ec(h)o screams of nature: A 3d printed luminaire series according to sustainability product and lighting design principles
Authors: Polydouli Effie , Korakidou Veroniki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper documents the design process for the creation of a 3d printed luminaire series based on the principles of sustainable product and lighting design. In order to formulate the elements of what sustainable luminaire design should be, the lighting designer, made a recursion contemporary post-industrial design approaches, and concluded to state-of-the-art current trends in sustainable product and lighting design standards, technologies and materials. As a result of this interesting study of the principles of sustainable product and lighting design, this paper presents the design process step-by-step, as well as the sustainability design standards, which led to the final outcome, a series of original lighting fixtures entitled: Flames of Aegean.
Implementing a Digital Solution for Architectural Daylight Analysis in BIM Based Projects by developing a new plugin
Authors: Miri Majid , Ashtari Elmira 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To achieve a successful architectural project, it is essential for architects to truly understand and collaborate with other designers and engineers during the whole project. Regarding daylight analysis, what architects decide about the fenestration types, sizes, and their placements, interior layout design, interior or exterior materials, and finally the outer shape of the buildings may change the quantity and quality of natural light in the interiors. Moreover, such decisions about room configurations, fenestration, and materials can also directly or indirectly affect thermal comfort which is needed to be checked and confirmed by energy experts in the project. In this paper, a newly developed digital solution, and a new plugin called AftabRad is introduced. Its main goal is to export the 3D model from the BIM Modeling software to Radiance, as its daylight simulation core, and present the results back to the BIM software. This plugin can help daylight specialists to be fully or partially involved in any projects to assist architects or urban designers to easily calculate different types of static or dynamic daylight metrics by themselves. However, daylight specialists can do daylight calculations in the final stage or the project if it is needed. In such a project, since most of the daylight analyses for different types of alternatives can be done by architects, and regarding the nature of BIM-based project, by having direct dialogs with energy experts, the probability of achieving a well-daylit space, being thermally and visually comfortable, and fulfilling the daylight requirements can be much higher in comparison with doing daylight simulation just at the end of a project.