bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$K^{0}_{S}$$ meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 $$\text{ GeV }/c$$ beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS
Authors: Acharya A. , Adhikary H. , Allison K. K. , Amin N. , Andronov E. V. , Antićić T. , Babkin V. , Baszczyk M. , Bhosale S. , Blondel A. , Bogomilov M. , Bondar Y. , Brandin A. , Bravar A. , Bryliński W. , Brzychczyk J. , Buryakov M. , Busygina O. , Bzdak A. , Cherif H. , Ćirković M. , Csanad M. , Cybowska J. , Czopowicz T. , Damyanova A. , Davis N. , Deliyergiyev M. , Deveaux M. , Dmitriev A. , Dominik W. , Dorosz P. , Dumarchez J. , Engel R. , Feofilov G. A. , Fields L. , Fodor Z. , Garibov A. , Gaździcki M. , Golosov O. , Golovatyuk V. , Golubeva M. , Grebieszkow K. , Guber F. , Haesler A. , Igolkin S. N. , Ilieva S. , Ivashkin A. , Johnson S. R. , Kadija K. , Kargin N. , Kashirin E. , Kiełbowicz M. , Kireyeu V. A. , Klochkov V. , Kolesnikov V. I. , Kolev D. , Korzenev A. , Kovalenko V. N. , Kowalski S. , Koziel M. , Kozłowski B. , Krasnoperov A. , Kucewicz W. , Kuich M. , Kurepin A. , Larsen D. , László A. , Lazareva T. V. , Lewicki M. , Łojek K. , Lyubushkin V. V. , Maćkowiak-Pawłowska M. , Majka Z. , Maksiak B. , Malakhov A. I. , Marcinek A. , Marino A. D. , Marton K. , Mathes H.-J. , Matulewicz T. , Matveev V. , Melkumov G. L. , Merzlaya A. O. , Messerly B. , Mik Ł. , Morozov S. , Nagai Y. , Naskręt M. , Ozvenchuk V. , Panova O. , Paolone V. , Petukhov O. , Pidhurskyi I. , Płaneta R. , Podlaski P. , Popov B. A. , Porfy B. , Posiadała-Zezula M. , Prokhorova D. S. , Pszczel D. , Puławski S. , Puzović J. , Ravonel M. , Renfordt R. , Röhrich D. , Rondio E. , Rumberger B. T. , Rumyantsev M. , Rustamov A. , Rybczynski M. , Rybicki A. , Sadhu S. , Sadovsky A. , Schmidt K. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Seryakov A. Yu. , Seyboth P. , Słodkowski M. , Staszel P. , Stefanek G. , Stepaniak J. , Strikhanov M. , Ströbele H. , Šuša T. , Taranenko A. , Tefelska A. , Tefelski D. , Tereshchenko V. , Toia A. , Tsenov R. , Turko L. , Unger M. , Uzhva D. , Valiev F. F. , Veberič D. , Vechernin V. V. , Wickremasinghe A. , Wójcik K. , Wyszyński O. , Zaitsev A. , Zimmerman E. D. , Zwaska R. ,   NA61/SHINE Collaboration
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe production of $$K^{0}_{S}$$

K
S
0

mesons in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 $$\text{ GeV }/c$$

GeV

/
c

($$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$$

s

NN

=
17.3

$$\text{ GeV }$$

GeV

) was measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicity of $$K^{0}_{S}$$

K
S
0

was determined to be $$0.162 \pm 0.001 (stat.) \pm 0.011 (sys.)$$

0.162
±
0.001
(
s
t
a
t
.
)
±
0.011
(
s
y
s
.
)

. The results on $$K^{0}_{S}$$

K
S
0

production are compared with model predictions (EPOS 1.99, SMASH 2.0, PHSD and UrQMD 3.4 models) as well as with published world data.
Measuring close proximity interactions in summer camps during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leoni Elia , Cencetti Giulia , Santin Gabriele , Istomin Timofei , Molteni Davide , Picco Gian Pietro , Farella Elisabetta , Lepri Bruno , Murphy Amy L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolicy makers have implemented multiple non-pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 worldwide crisis. Interventions had the aim of reducing close proximity interactions, which drive the spread of the disease. A deeper knowledge of human physical interactions has revealed necessary, especially in all settings involving children, whose education and gathering activities should be preserved. Despite their relevance, almost no data are available on close proximity contacts among children in schools or other educational settings during the pandemic.Contact data are usually gathered via Bluetooth, which nonetheless offers a low temporal and spatial resolution. Recently, ultra-wideband (UWB) radios emerged as a more accurate alternative that nonetheless exhibits a significantly higher energy consumption, limiting in-field studies. In this paper, we leverage a novel approach, embodied by the Janus system that combines these radios by exploiting their complementary benefits. The very accurate proximity data gathered in-field by Janus, once augmented with several metadata, unlocks unprecedented levels of information, enabling the development of novel multi-level risk analyses.By means of this technology, we have collected real contact data of children and educators in three summer camps during summer 2020 in the province of Trento, Italy. The wide variety of performed daily activities induced multiple individual behaviors, allowing a rich investigation of social environments from the contagion risk perspective. We consider risk based on duration and proximity of contacts and classify interactions according to different risk levels. We can then evaluate the summer camps’ organization, observe the effect of partition in small groups, or social bubbles, and identify the organized activities that mitigate the riskier behaviors.Overall, we offer an insight into the educator-child and child-child social interactions during the pandemic, thus providing a valuable tool for schools, summer camps, and policy makers to (re)structure educational activities safely.
Spatial Isolation Implies Zero Knowledge Even in a Quantum World
Authors: Chiesa Alessandro , Forbes Michael A. , Gur Tom , Spooner Nicholas 
Published: January 2022

Zero knowledge plays a central role in cryptography and complexity. The seminal work of Ben-Or et al. (STOC 1988) shows that zero knowledge can be achieved unconditionally for any language in
NEXP
, as long as one is willing to make a suitable
physical assumption
: if the provers are spatially isolated, then they can be assumed to be playing independent strategies.

Quantum mechanics, however, tells us that this assumption is unrealistic, because spatially-isolated provers could share a quantum entangled state and realize a non-local correlated strategy. The MIP
*
model captures this setting.

In this work, we study the following question:
Does spatial isolation still suffice to unconditionally achieve zero knowledge even in the presence of quantum entanglement?

We answer this question in the affirmative: we prove that every language in
NEXP
has a 2-prover
zero knowledge
interactive proof that is sound against entangled provers; that is,

NEXP ⊆ ZK-MIP
*

.

Our proof consists of constructing a zero knowledge interactive probabilistically checkable proof with a strong algebraic structure, and then lifting it to the MIP
*
model. This lifting relies on a new framework that builds on recent advances in low-degree testing against entangled strategies, and clearly separates classical and quantum tools.

Our main technical contribution is the development of new algebraic techniques for obtaining unconditional zero knowledge; this includes a zero knowledge variant of the celebrated sumcheck protocol, a key building block in many probabilistic proof systems. A core component of our sumcheck protocol is a new algebraic commitment scheme, whose analysis relies on algebraic complexity theory.
INODE
Authors: Amer-Yahia Sihem , Koutrika Georgia , Braschler Martin , Calvanese Diego , Lanti Davide , Lücke-Tieke Hendrik , Mosca Alessandro , Mendes de Farias Tarcisio , Papadopoulos Dimitris , Patil Yogendra , Rull Guillem , Smith Ellery , Skoutas Dimitrios , Subramanian Srividya , Stockinger Kurt 
Published: January 2022

A full-fledged data exploration system must combine different access modalities with a powerful concept of guiding the user in the exploration process, by being reactive and anticipative both for data discovery and for data linking. Such systems are a real opportunity for our community to cater to users with different domain and data science expertise.
We introduce INODE - an end-to-end data exploration system - that leverages, on the one hand, Machine Learning and, on the other hand, semantics for the purpose of Data Management (DM). Our vision is to develop a classic unified, comprehensive platform that provides extensive access to open datasets, and we demonstrate it in three significant use cases in the fields of Cancer Biomarker Research, Research and Innovation Policy Making, and Astrophysics. INODE offers sustainable services in (a) data modeling and linking, (b) integrated query processing using natural language, (c) guidance, and (d) data exploration through visualization, thus facilitating the user in discovering new insights. We demonstrate that our system is uniquely accessible to a wide range of users from larger scientific communities to the public. Finally, we briefly illustrate how this work paves the way for new research opportunities in DM.
In-Situ Electrochemical Stiffness in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Gewirth Andrew A , Lundberg Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2022

Mechanical deformation in battery electrodes incites degradation and capacity loss by causing cracks in the active material, electrical isolation of particles from the current collector, and additional surface area available for electrolyte decomposition. Surface (stress) and bulk (strain) mechanical changes occur asynchronously, and increasing our understanding of their individual contributions to deformation can aid in the design of more robust and longer-lasting batteries. One method with which to compare the complex interplay between stress and strain is electrochemical stiffness. Electrochemical stiffness is the voltage-dependent ratio of the stress derivative to strain derivative. It offers insight into the rate at which competing surface and bulk processes are occurring during electrochemical cycling.
In this talk we discuss electrochemical stiffness measurements obtained for graphite, LiMn2O4 (LMO) and LiFePO4 (LFP), anode and cathode materials chosen because of their wide-spread commercial use and differing intercalation mechanisms and crystal structures. Electrochemical stiffness measurements for LMO reveals asynchronous stress and strain behavior. An electrochemical stiffness peak shows that stress dominates prior to LMO delithiation, which suggests the existence of surface morphological changes as delithiation begins. Likewise, the stress derivative with respect to potential for LFP also shows an increased rate of stress change just prior to delithiation. The origin of asynchronous behavior in stress and strain measurements will be discussed.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, and Cemiplimab-rwlc as Single Agents for First-Line Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic PD-L1–High NSCLC
Authors: Akinboro Oladimeji , Larkins Erin , Pai-Scherf Lee H. , Mathieu Luckson N. , Ren Yi , Cheng Joyce , Fiero Mallorie H. , Fu Wentao , Bi Youwei , Kalavar Shyam , Jafri Samina , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , Fourie Zirkelbach Jeanne , Li Hongshan , Zhao Hong , He Kun , Helms Whitney S. , Chuk Meredith K. , Wang Min , Bulatao Ilynn , Herz Jonathan , Osborn Blaire L. , Xu Yuan , Liu Jiang , Gong Yutao , Sickafuse Sharon , Cohen Rebecca , Donoghue Martha , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. , Singh Harpreet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
FDA's approval of cemiplimab-rwlc on February 22, 2021, follows prior approvals of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab for similar indications as first-line treatment for patients with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)–high advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approvals of these anti–PD-L1 agents were supported by statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival (OS) in international, multicenter, active-controlled randomized trials. In KEYNOTE-024, the OS HR was 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.89; P = 0.005] favoring pembrolizumab over platinum-doublet chemotherapy. In IMpower110, the OS HR was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40–0.89; P = 0.0106) favoring atezolizumab over platinum-doublet chemotherapy. In Study 1624, the OS HR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53–0.87; P = 0.0022) favoring cemiplimab-rwlc over platinum-doublet chemotherapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) effect sizes for these anti–PD-L1 antibodies were also comparable across their respective registrational trials, and their safety profiles were consistent with the anti–PD-L1 class adverse event profile. The consistent survival benefits and manageable toxicity profiles of these single-agent anti–PD-L1 antibodies have established them as important treatment options in the PD-L1–high NSCLC treatment landscape. FDA approvals of these anti–PD-L1 antibodies, based on their favorable benefit-risk profiles, present effective chemotherapy-free therapeutic options for patients with advanced PD-L1–high NSCLC in the United States.
Potential Impact of the 2019 ACC/AHA Guidelines on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Recommendations on the Inappropriate Routine Use of Aspirin and Aspirin Use Without a Recommended Indication for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Cardiology Practices: Insights From the NCDR PINNACLE Registry
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Gosch Kensey L. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Yeh Robert W. , Kataruka Akash , Maddox Thomas M. , Shah Tina , Jneid Hani , Bhatt Deepak L. , Virani Salim S. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Aspirin is recommended in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for secondary prevention. In patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and not at high 10-year risk, there is no evidence aspirin reduces adverse cardiovascular events and it could increase bleeding. The 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease state that aspirin may be considered for primary prevention (class IIb) in patients 40 to 70 years that are at higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and that routine use of aspirin should be avoided (class III:Harm) for patients >70 years. We examined the frequency of patients on aspirin for primary prevention that would have been considered unindicated or potentially harmful per the recent guideline where aspirin discontinuation may be beneficial.

Methods:
To assess the potential impact, within the National Cardiovascular Disease Registry Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence Registry, we assessed 855 366 patients from 400 practices with encounters between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019, that were receiving aspirin for primary prevention. We defined inappropriate use as the use of aspirin in patients <40 or >70 years and use without a recommended indication as use of aspirin in patients 40 to 70 years with low, borderline, or intermediate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Frequency of inappropriate use and use without a recommended indication were calculated and practice-level variation was evaluated using the median rate ratio.

Results:
Inappropriate use occurred in 27.6% (193 674/701 975) and use without a recommended indication in 26.0% (31 810/122 507) with significant practice-level variation in inappropriate use (predicted median practice-level rate 33.5%, interquartile range, 24.1% to 40.8%; median rate ratio, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.67–1.76]).

Conclusions:
Immediately before the 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, over one-fourth of patients in this national registry were receiving aspirin for primary prevention inappropriately or without a recommended indication with significant practice-level variation. These findings help to determine the potential impact of guideline recommendations on contemporary use of aspirin for primary prevention.
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival in the United States During and After the Initial Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Surge
Authors: Chan Paul S. , Spertus John A. , Kennedy Kevin , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Starks Monique A. , Girotra Saket ,   for the American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators
Published: January 2022

Background:
Recent reports on challenges in resuscitation care at hospitals severely affected by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raise questions about how the pandemic affected outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest throughout the United States.

Methods:
Within Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare in-hospital cardiac arrest survival during the presurge (January 1–February 29), surge (March 1–May 15) and immediate postsurge (May 16–June 30) periods in 2020 compared to 2015 to 2019. Monthly COVID-19 mortality rates for each hospital’s county were categorized, per 1 000 000 residents, as low (0–10), moderate (11–50), high (51–100), or very high (>100). Using hierarchical regression models, we compared rates of survival to discharge in 2020 versus 2015 to 2019 for each period.

Results:

Of 61 586 in-hospital cardiac arrests, 21 208 (4309 in 2020), 26 459 (5949 in 2020), and 13 919 (2686 in 2020) occurred in the presurge, surge, and postsurge periods, respectively. During the presurge period, 24.2% survived to discharge in 2020 versus 24.7% in 2015 to 2019 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.02–1.22]). In contrast, during the surge period, 19.6% survived to discharge in 2020 versus 26.0% in 2015 to 2019 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81 [0.75–0.88]). Lower survival was most pronounced in communities with high (28% lower survival) and very high (42% lower survival) monthly COVID-19 mortality rates (interaction
P
<0.001). Resuscitation times were shorter (median: 22 versus 25 minutes;
P
<0.001), and delayed epinephrine treatment was more prevalent (11.3% versus 9.9%;
P
=0.004) during the surge period. Survival was lower even when patients with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 infection were excluded from analyses. During the postsurge period, survival rates were similar in 2020 versus 2015 to 2019 (22.3% versus 25.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 [0.83–1.04]), including communities with high COVID-19 mortality (interaction
P
=0.16).

Conclusions:
Early during the pandemic, rates of survival to discharge for IHCA decreased, even among patients without COVID-19 infection, highlighting the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-hospital resuscitation.
Legumain Is an Endogenous Modulator of Integrin αvβ3 Triggering Vascular Degeneration, Dissection, and Rupture
Authors: Pan Lihong , Bai Peiyuan , Weng Xinyu , Liu Jin , Chen Yingjie , Chen Siqin , Ma Xiurui , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The development of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is closely related to extracellular matrix degradation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation from contractile to synthetic type. LGMN (legumain) degrades extracellular matrix components directly or by activating downstream signals. The role of LGMN in VSMC differentiation and the occurrence of TAD remains elusive.

Methods:

Microarray datasets concerning vascular dissection or aneurysm were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes. Four-week-old male
Lgmn
knockout mice (Lgmn
–/–
), macrophage-specific
Lgmn
knockout mice (Lgmn
F/F
;LysM
Cre
), and RR-11a–treated C57BL/6 mice were given BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate; 1 g/kg/d) in drinking water for 4 weeks for TAD modeling. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to recapitulate transcriptome profile changes. Cell interaction was examined in macrophage and VSMC coculture system. The reciprocity of macrophage-derived LGMN with integrin αvβ3 in VSMCs was tested by coimmunoprecipitation assay and colocalization analyses.

Results:

Microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database indicated upregulated LGMN in aorta from patients with TAD and mice with angiotensin II–induced AAA. Elevated LGMN was evidenced in aorta and sera from patients with TAD and mice with BAPN-induced TAD. BAPN-induced TAD progression was significantly ameliorated in Lgmn-deficient or inhibited mice. Macrophage-specific deletion of
Lgmn
alleviated BAPN-induced extracellular matrix degradation. Unbiased profiler polymerase chain reaction array and Gene Ontology analysis displayed that
LGMN
regulated VSMC phenotype transformation. Macrophage-specific deletion of
Lgmn
ameliorated VSMC phenotypic switch in BAPN-treated mice. Macrophage-derived LGMN inhibited VSMC differentiation in vitro as assessed by macrophages and the VSMC coculture system. Macrophage-derived LGMN bound to integrin αvβ3 in VSMCs and blocked integrin αvβ3, thereby attenuating Rho GTPase activation, downregulating VSMC differentiation markers and eventually exacerbating TAD development. ROCK (Rho kinase) inhibitor Y-27632 reversed the protective role of LGMN depletion in vascular dissection.

Conclusions:
LGMN signaling may be a novel target for the prevention and treatment of TAD.
Exploring Overweight Risk Trajectories During Childhood and Their Associations With Elevated Blood Pressure at Late Adolescence: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Xijie , Hu Jie , Huang Sizhe , Yang Zhaogeng , Dong Yanhui , Dong Bin , Ma Jun , Liang Wannian 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Overweight during childhood is significantly associated with higher risk of high blood pressure (HBP) in later life. However, recognition of critical intervention period is limited. We aimed to analyze the changes in overweight risk during school-age and its relationship with HBP.

Methods:

Seventeen thousand eight hundred sixteen school-aged children (53.9% boys) with a mean follow-up time of 8.2 years were involved. Children’s overweight was defined as body mass index
Z
score ≥1 and was fitted with a group-based trajectory model. The 4 trajectories were labeled as constant low, high decreasing, low rising, and constant high according to the change of overweight risk during follow-up. Population-averaged logit model and log-binomial regression models were used to analyze HBP risk. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the HBP incidence among distinct groups.

Results:

Children with higher overweight risk generally had higher HBP risk during follow-up. However, the HBP risk in low rising group was low at baseline and increased to 3.14 (95% CI, 2.54–3.88;
P
<0.001) for boys and 3.23 (95% CI, 2.08–5.01;
P
=0.004) for girls at end point, which were comparable to the relative risk in the constant high group (4.60 [95% CI, 4.02–5.27] for boys and 5.28 [95% CI, 3.94–7.07] for girls).

Conclusions:
Findings of this study provide insights on patterns of overweight risks during childhood. Children with transition from normal to overweight during teen years would be high-risk in HBP incidence.
Pencils Down? Computerized Testing and Student Achievement
Authors: Gordanier John , Ozturk Orgul , Zhan Crystal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComputer-based testing (CBT) is becoming an increasingly popular format of assessment in educational settings. If students face a digital divide in terms of access to computers at school and at home, CBT may exacerbate measured student achievement gaps. In this paper, we use the rollout of CBT in South Carolina starting in 2015 to investigate its effect on measured student performance. We link student-level test scores and poverty measures to the share of students taking CBT in a grade of a school and show that CBT has a significant negative impact on test scores of multiple subjects. The negative impact is not uniform across student subgroups but rather particularly large for students in poor households. There is little evidence that the effect fades as students and schools become more experienced with computerized testing. These results suggest that the testing mode change might have distributional consequences. However, we do find a smaller effect in schools where technology is more readily available, implying that school-level investments could mitigate the effect.