bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a collaborative framework for construction projects in emerging economies
Authors: Faris Hazhar , Gaterell Mark , Hutchinson David 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe construction industry is a primary contributor to the development of emerging economies such as the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. However, the sector is underperforming, and products are not meeting expectations. A lack of collaboration is considered a significant contributor to these issues. Various researchers have identified factors to improve collaborative approaches. However, there is still a lack of clear frameworks to help implement collaboration in the construction industry, especially in emerging economies. Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework to implement collaboration in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThis article utilises a review of literature, questionnaire and interviews with experts in the construction industry in order to develop a framework to achieve collaboration in construction projects.FindingsThe research presents a framework that distributes the factors of collaboration over the project lifecycle stages in accordance with the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work 2007. Each factor is divided into a set of enabling conditions which must be satisfied to ensure that the given specific factors are delivered. Additionally, the framework suggests appointing a collaboration champion at the beginning of the project to manage the process.Originality/valueThe research contributes to scarce literature about collaboration practices in the Kurdistan Region and in emerging economies in general.
Empiric antifungal therapy in patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
Authors: Noguchi Hiromitsu , Matsumoto Tadahiko , Kimura Utako , Hiruma Masataro , Kano Rui , Yaguchi Takashi , Kubo Masahide , Kashiwada‐Nakamura Kayo , Fukushima Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe encountered two cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei and E. oligosperma that were treated with fosravuconazole and terbinafine, respectively. Our cases were successfully treated with empiric therapy before the pathogen’s species or antifungal sensitivity had been determined. We summarized 32 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala species in Japan. The patients received antifungals, including itraconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole, and fosravuconazole, and the treatment success rates of these monotherapies were 77% (17/22), 67% (8/12), 100% (5/5), and 50% (1/2), respectively. Although the broad‐spectrum azole antifungal itraconazole is the first choice for treatment, terbinafine at 125 mg/day might exert the same efficacy. Fosravuconazole is a novel broad‐spectrum azole and a moderate inhibitor of Cyp3A4 that causes fewer drug interactions than itraconazole and voriconazole, indicating a promising drug for this disease.
Relating wing morphology and immune function to patterns of partial and differential bat migration using stable isotopes
Authors: Rogers Elizabeth J. , McGuire Liam , Longstaffe Fred J. , Clerc Jeff , Kunkel Emma , Fraser Erin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Migration is energetically expensive and is predicted to drive similar morphological adaptations and physiological trade‐offs in migratory bats and birds. Previous studies suggest that fixed traits like wing morphology vary among species and individuals according to selective pressures on flight, while immune defences can vary flexibly within individuals as energy is variably reallocated throughout the year.

We assessed intraspecific variation in wing morphology and immune function in silver‐haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans, a species that follows both partial and differential migration patterns. We hypothesized that if bats experience energy constraints associated with migration, then wing morphology and immune function should vary based on migratory tendency (sedentary or migratory) and migration distance. We predicted that long‐distance migrants would have reduced immune function and more migration‐adapted wing shapes compared to resident or short‐distance migrating bats.

We estimated breeding latitude of spring migrants using stable hydrogen isotope techniques. Our sample consisted primarily of male bats, which we categorized as residents, long‐distance northern migrants, short‐distance northern migrants and southern migrants (apparent breeding location south of capture site). Controlling for individual condition and capture date, we related wing characteristics and immune indices among groups.

Some, but not all, aspects of wing form and immune function varied between migrants and residents. Long‐distance northern migrants had larger wings than short‐distance northern migrants and lower wing loading than southern migrants. Compared with resident bats, short‐distance northern migrants had reduced IgG while southern migrants had heightened neutrophils and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios. Body fat, aspect ratio, wing tip shape and bacteria killing ability did not vary with migration status or distance.

In general, male silver‐haired bats do not appear to mediate migration costs by substantially downregulating immune defences or to be under stronger selection for wing forms adapted for fast, energy‐efficient flight. Such phenotypic changes may be more adaptive for female silver‐haired bats, which migrate farther and are more constrained by time in spring than males. Adaptations for aerial hawking and the use of heterothermy by migrating bats may also reduce the energetic cost of migration and the need for more substantial morphological and physiological trade‐offs.
How an intermediary model manages the tension between low contractibility and probity when outsourcing human services
Authors: Bates Shona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman services, such as social supports and health care, have low contractibility; services are difficult to specify and measure, and difficult to manage when delivered by a third party. Services can and do fail, resulting in the inefficient use of public resources and potential harm to clients. This article develops a conceptual framing using transaction cost economics (TCE) theory to understand why human services are difficult to contract, and management control theory to understand how services might be managed. This identifies a potential tension between how low contractible services are managed when probity requirements are high. This is explored using a qualitative case study of an intermediary model of outsourcing, focusing on one of 31 Primary Health Networks tasked to commission primary health care under contract to the Australian Government. This study explains how design choices, making use of controls available in different organisational contexts across the intermediary model, overcame the tension between low contractibility and probity. This study adds to our understanding of the TCE characteristic of probity. A greater understanding of why this intermediary model works has the potential to help policy makers and service managers improve the way human services are outsourced.
Gender roles and selection mechanisms across contexts: a comparative analysis of the relationship between unemployment, self‐perceived health and gender
Authors: Tattarini Giulia , Grotti Raffaele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealth literature shows that unemployment has a gendered effect on health. However, whether men or women are more affected and why remains unclear. We assume that unemployment harms women less than men because of two mechanisms: social roles theories and health selection. First, the availability and centrality in individuals’ lives of roles other than employment may reduce the detrimental effect of unemployment for women. Second, the gendered impact of unemployment on health results from the different ways selection mechanisms operate across genders. Moreover, these two mechanisms may operate differently in different contexts – for example, across different gender regimes. We investigate this by pursuing a three‐step comparative approach. The analysis relies on EU‐SILC data covering Italy and Sweden for 2004 to 2015 and SOEP data for Germany (1995–2017) and applies correlated dynamic random‐effects probit models. While we find weak support for the role of health selection in shaping the relations between unemployment, health, and gender, our empirical results are in line with the hypothesis of a larger gendered effect in older (vs younger) cohorts, western (vs eastern) Germany and Italy (vs. Sweden). Future empirical research needs to directly address the role of gender regimes in moderating such complex relationships.
Resilience in the context ofconflict‐relatedsexual violence and beyond: A “sentient ecology” framework
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn his research with Indigenous Evenki people living in Arctic Siberia, Anderson introduces the concept of “sentient ecology”, defined as “the mutual interrelation of person and place”. This interdisciplinary article starts from the basic premise that sentient ecology is relevant for research on resilience, and it aims to demonstrate this in two key ways. First, it uses sentient ecology as a novel framework for thinking about resilience, with a particular focus on conflict‐related sexual violence (CSRV)—an area of scholarship that to date has given very little attention to the concept of resilience. The article locates resilience in the fluid and dynamic interactions between individuals and their social ecologies. What sentient ecology contributes in this regard is a different way of thinking about these interactions. In particular, it highlights some of the ways that female and male victims–/survivors of CRSV actively utilize and engage with the more‐than‐human living world around them in the process of rebuilding and moving on with their lives. Second, the article uses sentient ecology as a framework for thinking in new “sentient” ways about social‐ecological systems (SES)—and how the social and ecological parts of these systems communicate with each other. Taking this a step further, it argues that sentient ecology offers a potential basis for developing more posthumanist accounts of resilience as an extension of SES.
Whole‐exome sequencing uncovers new variants in GDF15 associated with hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Fejzo Marlena S. , MacGibbon Kimber W. , First Olivia , Quan Courtney , Mullin Patrick M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) linked the placenta and appetite hormone gene GDF15 to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). This paradigm‐changing finding has shifted the field away from the prevailing hypotheses, but more evidence is needed. This study was performed to identify coding variants in addition to the non‐coding variants implicated by GWAS.SettingCase–control research study performed in a university setting.DesignCase–control study.PopulationHyperemesis gravidarum cases requiring intravenous fluid treatment for disease (n = 926) and controls with normal or no nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (n = 660), from the USA.MethodsWhole exome‐wide sequencing and genome informatics were performed using the standard Regeneron pipeline. All variants were compared between cases and controls using dominant, recessive, and allelic models to identify variants with exome‐wide significant p values (p < 10−6). Odds ratios and associated p values were calculated for exome‐wide significant allele(s) in subgroups of genetically predicted ancestries. Variants were filtered to identify rare pathogenic variants occurring in ≥10 cases and in no controls.Main outcome measuresIdentification of exome‐wide significant and rare genetic variant(s) associated with HG.ResultsA common coding variant in GDF15 was the only exome‐wide significant association, and a rare coding variant in GDF15 was the only predicted disease‐causing variant occurring in 10 or more cases.ConclusionsThis study confirms the GWAS finding that GDF15 is the greatest genetic risk factor for HG. The new variants identified may have implications for prediction and diagnosis. The findings provide insight into the cause, and molecular mechanisms for developing therapeutics for HG.Tweetable abstractWhole‐exome sequencing reveals placenta and vomiting hormone GDF15 most likely cause of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
Treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease with the HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor enarodustat: A review of the evidence
Authors: Fujikawa Ryo , Nagao Yuji , Fujioka Masaki , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnarodustat, a newly developed hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is used in clinical practice in Japan. Several clinical studies showed that enarodustat corrected and maintained hemoglobin (Hb) levels by stimulating endogenous erythropoietin production and improving iron utilization in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease, regardless of whether they were on dialysis. In addition, Phase III comparative studies demonstrated that enarodustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa in controlling Hb levels. Furthermore, enarodustat was well tolerated during the treatment. Enarodustat is currently being developed in the Republic of Korea and China and is expected to be developed worldwide. This article reviews the data on enarodustat, including the findings from preclinical studies, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and efficacy and safety results of clinical studies.
Passive sampling of environmental DNA in aquatic environments using 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite samplers
Authors: Verdier Héloïse , Konecny‐Dupre Lara , Marquette Christophe , Reveron Helen , Tadier Solène , Grémillard Laurent , Barthès Amélie , Datry Thibault , Bouchez Agnès , Lefébure Tristan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study of environmental DNA (eDNA) released by aquatic organisms in their habitat offers a fast, noninvasive and sensitive approach to monitor their presence. Common eDNA sampling methods such as water filtration and DNA precipitation are time‐consuming, require difficult‐to‐handle equipment and partially integrate eDNA signals. To overcome these limitations, we created the first proof of concept of a passive, 3D‐printed and easy‐to‐use eDNA sampler. We designed the samplers from hydroxyapatite (HAp samplers), a natural mineral with a high DNA adsorption capacity. The porous structure and shape of the samplers were designed to optimize DNA adsorption and facilitate their handling in the laboratory and in the field. Here we show that HAp samplers can efficiently collect genomic DNA in controlled set‐ups, but can also collect animal eDNA under controlled and natural conditions with yields similar to conventional methods. However, we also observed large variations in the amount of DNA collected even under controlled conditions. A better understanding of the DNA–hydroxyapatite interactions on the surface of the samplers is now necessary to optimize eDNA adsorption and to allow the development of a reliable, easy‐to‐use and reusable eDNA sampling tool.
Association of Osteopontin gene single nucleotide polymorphism with lupus nephritis
Authors: Metwally R. M. , Hasan Ahmad S. , R EL‐Sayed G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism at 9250 C/T in exon 7 of the Osteopontin (OPN) gene among Egyptian patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and healthy controls and assess its relation with clinical and laboratory features in addition to both activity and chronicity indices in these patients.Materials and methodThe study population includes 100 patients with LN and 100 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. OPN gene 9250 C/T polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsWe observed a significant difference in the frequencies of the OPN gene 9250 T allele between the patients with LN and the controls (74.5% vs 57.5%, P < .001); also, TT and CT + TT genotypes showed significant differences in frequencies between LN patients versus controls (59% vs 35% P = .005 and 90% vs. 80% P = .048, respectively). We also observed a non‐significant association between OPN gene 9250 genotypes and each of the laboratory data and clinical features in addition to activity and chronicity indices in all studied LN patients. There were no statistically significant increased TT and CT + TT genotypes and T allele frequencies in LN patients with renal failure compared to those without renal failure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only OPN (CT + TT) genotype could predict LN development in Egyptian patients.ConclusionTT and CT + TT genotypes and T alleles of OPN 9250 are considered risk factors for LN development in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients. However, these genotypes showed no association with each laboratory data and clinical feature or activity and chronicity indices in these patients. OPN 9250 (CT + TT) genotype could be used to predict LN development in SLE.
In it together: Candida–bacterial oral biofilms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Hwang Geelsu 
Published: February 2022

SummaryUnder natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi,Candidaspp., in particular,Candida albicansis often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida‐bacterial interactions may induce the transition ofC.albicansfrom commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida–bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri‐implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross‐kingdom consortia that develop hard‐to‐remove and highly drug‐resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost‐effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross‐kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal‐involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini‐review outlines the key features of Candida–bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida–bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
Morphology of the male reproductive tract of Eira barbara
Authors: Gonçalves Thamara Cozzi , Sousa Diego Ferreira de , Pinto Marina Pratagy Estrela , Rodrigues Rogério Antônio Ribeiro , Giese Elane Guerreiro , Branco Érika , Lima Ana Rita de 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEira barbara, popularly known as irara, is a medium‐sized carnivore member of the Mustelidae family. Despite its important role in the ecosystems in which its lives, data on the internal morphology of E. barbara remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to provide knowledge regarding the anatomy of the male reproductive system of this species to improve understanding of its reproduction to inform its conservation. We studied seven specimens who had died after being run over. The specimens were dissected for the evaluation of the reproductive system, which comprised a globular scrotum; a small pendulum covered with light‐coloured hair; a pair of testicles of firm consistency and ellipsoid shape and suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord; a paired duct system; an ampoule of the deferens duct and prostate constituting the set of attached glands; a urethra divided into pelvic and penile portions; a penis with a baculum having a novel “C” shaped apex; and a prepuce. Microscopically, the testicular parenchyma consisted of seminiferous tubules separated by intertubular spaces formed by loose connective tissue, fibrocytes, Leydig cells, and blood and lymph vessels. The epididymis was surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue and extended to form septa. The baculum was microscopically classified as a compact bone containing several bony lamellae with osteocytes and osteoblasts. The macro and microscopic findings were generally similar to those of domestic carnivores, with some notable differences.
Belief correlations with parental vaccine hesitancy: Results from a national survey
Authors: Matthews Luke J. , Nowak Sarah A. , Gidengil Courtney C. , Chen Christine , Stubbersfield Joseph M. , Tehrani Jamshid J. , Parker Andrew M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe conducted a nationally representative survey of parents’ beliefs and self‐reported behaviors regarding childhood vaccinations. Using Bayesian selection among multivariate models, we found that beliefs, even those without any vaccine or health content, predicted vaccine‐hesitant behaviors better than demographics, social network effects, or scientific reasoning. The multivariate structure of beliefs combined many types of ideation that included concerns about both conspiracies and side effects. Although they are not strongly related to vaccine‐hesitant behavior, demographics were key predictors of beliefs. Our results support some of the previously proposed pro‐vaccination messaging strategies and suggest some new strategies not previously considered.
Trends in publication of general surgery research in Australia, 2000–2020
Authors: Izwan Sara , Chan Erick , Ibraheem Christian , Bhagwat Gayatri , Parker David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of evidence‐based surgery has resulted in a shift towards producing high‐quality surgical research. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to evaluate trends in publication of general surgery research in Australia from 2000 to 2020.MethodsGeneral surgery publications including clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta‐analyses by Australian‐affiliated authors between 2000 and 2020 were extracted from PubMed. Titles, abstracts, journals and authors were independently screened by two investigators and arbitrated by a third. Publication type and area of focus were manually entered. Quality of articles was measured by trends in impact factor (IF) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data and identify trends.ResultsThree hundered and ninety‐eight articles met inclusion criteria for this study, with a progressive increase in publications over the study period. RCTs and systematic reviews accounted for 109 and 234 publications, respectively. The median number of authors remained constant (p = 0.060). There was a significant increase in publication of clinical trials and RCTs (p < 0.001) as well as systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (p < 0.001). The median IF increased from 1.93 to 3.08, whilst median SJR increased from 1.11 to 1.16, equivalent to organic growth of journal IF and SJR over this period. Female authorship significantly increased over time (p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a trend towards increased quantity, quality and diversity in Australian general surgery publications, which is indicative of the progression and importance of robust modern surgical research.