bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Generation European Corn Borer Chemigation Trial, Wray, Colorado, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots in both circles were ca. 7-acre sectors. Circle L-4 was planted to Dekalb T-1100 and W-5 was planted to Dekalb 484. Both circles had Lockwood sprinklers; L-4 with 360-degree Seninger low-pressure nozzles and W-5 with 180-degree low-pressure nozzles. Both sprinklers ran at 100% and delivered 0.25 inches of water/acre. Treatments were injected with a Pulsa-Feeder Rl Hydracone metering pump. Oil treatments were mixed with once-refined cottonseed oil. Applications were made on L-4 on 14 Aug and on W-5 on 12 Aug. Circle L-4 had received 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Lorsban 4E at 2 weeks after emergence to control alfalfa webworm and another 1 lb to control first generation European corn borer. Mites were rated on the Schweissing 0-4 scale, where 0 = no damage and 4 = all leaves destroyed.
Second Generation European Corn Borer, Aerial Control, Wray, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were three 65-ft swaths across a center pivot irrigated corn field. Treatments were applied on 16 Aug ’84 with an Ag Cat Model A with D-8 nozzles calibrated to deliver 2 gpa at 110 mph and 20 psi. Treatments were evaluated on 12 Sep ’84 by splitting 4 sets of 10 stalks and counting live larvae. Mite damage was rated with the Sohweissing 0-4 scale where 0 = no mites and 4 = all leaves destroyed.
Cotton, Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budwobm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control, 1984
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Chamberlin J. R. , All J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted 28 Apr, ’84, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Midville, GA. Soil type was Dothan loamy sand. A randomized complete block experimental design was used, with 6-row plots x 33 m long x 1 in row width and 5 m alleys with 4 replicates. Plants were treated with a high cycle sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 60 psi in a final volume of 50 1/ha. Plots were sprayed 12 times on 3 Jul continuing 10, 17, 24, 31, Aug 7, 13, 21, 28, Sep 4, 11, and 18. Twenty squares or small bolls per replicate in each treatment were examined for worm or weevil damage and the presence of live worms or weevils prior to spraying on each date.
Apple, Summer Pest Control, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Meagher R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to 4- or 5-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 5 replicates of each treatment. Each plot consisted of alternating Golden Delicious and York Imperial trees. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer driven at 2 mph using the alternate side technique of spraying (75 gpa/full spray). Rates for treatments are listed as amounts/acre/both sides spray. Application dates were: 7, 14, 21, 29 Jun; 9, 16, 23, 30 Aug; 6 Sep. Treatments which included Pydrin or Payoff were not applied on 6 Sep. Plictran 50WP (142 g/acre) plus Carzol 92SP (142 g/acre) was applied to all treatments on 19 Jul. Guthion 50WP (340 g/acre) was applied to all treatments on 31 Jul. Average temperatures were: Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, Aug 72.6° F and Sep 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, Aug 7.33, and Sep 1.11. Effect of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree (cv. York only), 100 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on the mite predator SP was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves on 20 terminals around the upper periphery of the tree. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops (Yorks only) after 1 Jul and 1 pick sample at harvest (Golds and Yorks). Apple samples averaged 222 fruits/replicate and 1110/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Apple, Timing of Synthetic Pyrethroids for Tufted Apple Budmoth Control, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Meagher R. L. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was designed to determine the optimum period for using Pydrin and Payoff for control of second brood TABM. Sprays were applied to 4- or 5-tree plots arranged in a randomized block design consisting of 5 replicates of each treatment. Each plot consisted of alternating Golden Delicious and York Imperial trees. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer calibrated to deliver 37.5 GPA/alternate side (75 GPA both sides) at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts/acre/both sides (75 GPA). Refer to the table for timings of sprays. Average temperatures were: Aug, 72.3° F and Sep, 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: Aug, 7.33 and Sep, 1.11. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury 1 pick sample at harvest (Golds and Yorks). Apple samples averaged 210 fruits/replicate and 1050/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
White Grub Control, North Carolina, 1984
Authors: Kardand B. M. , Hain F. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five soil-applied insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling beetle white grubs in pastureland scheduled for Fraser fir* Christmas tree plantings. Grubs were found feeding on Fraser fir roots, causing tree mortality. The test pasture was thickly covered with a mixture of annual and perennial grasses accompanied by various broadleaf weeds. The pasture had been cut for hay 2 wk prior to insecticide applications. The mineral-organic Porter loamy soil (2-3% organic matter) located in Watauga Co. had a pH of 5.5, and average temperature of 15° C at a depth of 4 inches, and a moisture content of 22% by weight. Test plots measured 10 by 10 ft and contained average of 2.4 grubs per sq ft. Each treatment was replicated 5 times; the plots were organized in a completely random design. Pre-treatment grub counts were acquired on 2 Sep, with insecticides applied the same day. One sq ft of sod per test plot was turned back to expose grubs feeding in the rootzone. The sod was replaced without injuring the grubs. Liquid formulations were mixed with 1 gal of water per test plot and applied with a hand-pressurized portable sprayer. Granular formulations were applied with a 20-inch wide hand-pushed spreader. On 13 Oct, posttreatment grub counts were acquired by turning back a previously undisturbed sq ft of sod. Both surviving and dead grubs were counted. Percent population reduction was calculated from the number of surviving grubs and the number of pre-treatment live grubs.
Fall Armyworm Control on Peanuts, 1984
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Mann David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated for fall armyworm (FAW) control on peanuts near Palmyra in northern NC. Seed were planted in early May into Norfolk fine sandy loam soil on 36-inch rows. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. A backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal H2O acre at 50 psi and 4 mph with one TX-8 nozzle per row was used for the low volume treatments; 3 TX-6 nozzles per row delivering a total 18 gal/acre were employed for the high volume treatments over each row. A pretreatment FAW count yielded 12 larvae/row ft. Treatments were made on 30 Aug. Live FAW larvae were sampled from 3 row ft from each plot on 4 Sep.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1984
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted in Crowley silt loam at the Rice Research and Extension Center in Stuttgart, AR; ‘Lebonnet’ was planted on 14 May for the first two tests and ‘Bond’ on 21 Jim for the third. Plots for the first preflood test were 6 ft x 15 ft; all other plots were 5-ft dia and surrounded by aluminum flashing to prevent water movement among plots. Each test was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Granular insecticides were applied with a hand shaker; all other formulations were applied with a single nozzle air powered sprayer delivering 40 gpa. Those applied with oil were mixed in Agri-dex with 0.2% Ortho X-77. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae 19-21 days after flood by taking 5 soil cores (9 cm dia x 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot; they were processed by washing through a no. 40 U.S. Standard testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Biotype E Greenbugs on Grain Sorghum, 1984
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, NE, in grain sorghum planted 10 Jim. Plots were 3 rows, 30 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by a bicycle-wheeled plot sprayer at 40 psi and 29.3 gal/acre through a boom fitted with one top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row. The liquids were propelled with pressurized CO2. Sprays were applied 17 Jul when plants were in the 10-leaf stage. The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 10 plants selected at random from the center row of each plot at 1, 6, and 14 days posttreatment. Rainfall during the sampling period was measurable on 26 Jul (0.30 in).
Apple, Aphicide Comparison, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated against aphids in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Each treatment was represented by 4 single tree replicates in a randomized complete block design, of the eultivars ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Stayman’ and ‘York’. Unsprayed buffer trees were left between sprayed trees. Spray dates were 6 Apr, 16 Apr, 25 Apr, 14 May and 14 Jun. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Aphids were evaluated on 23 May by counting infested spurs in 10 spurs per tree.
Apple, Early Miticide Test, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. , Varn M. , Boucher J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several materials were evaluated against mites in an apple block near Staunton. Ca. 0.25 acre per treatment was sprayed with a truck-mounted airblast sprayer. NC21314 and oil were sprayed on 19 Apr (tight cluster). Carzol was sprayed on 14 May (petal fall). Mites were sampled from 4 trees in the middle of each plot using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves/tree. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design.
Insecticide Sprays for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (Scb), Large-Plot Field Trial, 1982
Authors: White W. H. , Hensley S. D. , Pollet D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays for control of season-long SCB infestations were applied to a field of sugarcane (Var. CP 61-37, 2nd stubble crop) at Madewood Plantation, Glenwood Sugars, Inc., Napoleonville, LA. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with treatments replicated 3 times. Each experimental plot consisted of a single block of sugarcane surrounded by drainage ditches and headlands; the size of these plots ranged from 1.9-2.7 acres. Cymbush and Pydrin were applied at rates of 0.12 lb (AI)/acre, and compared to Guthion applied at rate of 0.75 lb (AI) per acre. All insecticides were applied in water with aircraft at a rate of 2 gal of finished formulation per acre. Insecticide applications were initiated after sugarcane internodes were visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small (lst-3rd instar) larvae in the leafsheaths. They were repeated only when that level of infestation was found again in plots treated with Guthion. The efficacy of insecticide treatments for control of season-long infestations was determined 23-24 Sep by examining 50 stalks from each treated and untreated plot for the presence of SCB-damaged internodes.
Control of Tobacco Insect Pests with Bacillus Thumngiensis Var. Kurstaki and B-Exotoxin of B.T., 1984
Authors: Jackson D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two aqueous flowable formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. kurstaki and 1 formulation of the B-exotoxin of B.t. (ABG-6162A) were tested for control of tobacco budworm and tobacco hornworm larvae on ‘NC 2326’ flue-cured tobacco at Oxford, NC. Tobacco was transplanted on 17 May into a field of Helena sandy loam which had been treated on 3 May with Paarlan (1.50 lb (AI)/acre) and Ridomil (0.50 lb (AI)/acre) for weed and disease control. Plants were placed on 22-inch centers with 4 ft between rows. Plants in experiments 1 and 3 were infested with one 2- to 3-day-old tobacco budworm larva from a laboratory colony on 22 Jun and 6 Jul, respectively. Plants in experiments 2 and 4 were infested with two 3- to 4-day-old tobacco hornworm larvae from a laboratory colony on 17 and 24 Jul, respectively. For each test, 5 replications of 20-(experiment 1) or 15-plant plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were treated with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with an adjustable nozzle at a rate of 25 gal/acre with 60 psi. Treatments were applied on 26 Jun, 10, 19 and 26 Jul for experiments 1-4, respectively. Plants were examined for insects and damage 3-4 and 7-8 days after treatment spraying.
Efficacy of Tank Mix Combinations of Insecticides and Sucker Control Chemicals on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1984
Authors: Jackson D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tank mixes of 4 insecticides and 2 sucker (axillary leaf bud) control chemicals were tested for control of tobacco homworms and suckers on ‘Speight G-28’ flue-cured tobacco. Yield and quality of the cured leaves were also determined. Before transplanting, the field was treated with Paarlan (1.50 lb (AI)/ acre) and Ridomil (0.50 lb (AI)/acre) for weed and disease control. The crop was planted on 17 May into Helena sandy loam, and it was fertilized, cultivated, and irrigated as necessary according to normal cultural practices. Plants were topped on 24 Jul. Two 4% applications of a contact sucker control chemical, Oif-Shoot-T, were applied on 19 and 23 Jul. Plots consisted of 50 plants in 2 adjacent rows of 25 plants each. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Three days before treatment spraying, two 5-day-old laboratory-reared tobacco hornworm larvae were placed on the upper portion of each plant in one row of 25 plants in each plot. The other row of 25 plants was not infested with insects, and this tobacco was used for sucker control, phytotoxicity, yield, and quality evaluations. Treatment spraying was done on 30 Jul using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 40 gal/acre at 30 psi. Both rows of 25 plants in each plot were sprayed. Surviving insects were counted 3 and 7 days after spraying. Plants were examined for phytotoxicity on 25 and 31 Jul and 2 Aug. All suckers were counted on 4 Sep. On 13 Sep suckers were counted, removed from the plants, and weighed. The bottom 3-4 leaves per plant were removed and discarded 6 days before treatment spraying. The remaining leaves were harvested when ripe in 4 primings on 9 and 21 Aug and 5 and 12 Sep.
Green Ash, Oystershell Scale Control, Richland Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial plantation of green ash (5-8 cm dbh) infested with oystershell scale was chosen for evaluating effectiveness of insecticides against settled first stage nymphs. A KWH backpack mistblower, on aperature setting 3 operating at 0.75 throttle, was used to apply ca. 600 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates on 11 Jun. The sky was sunny at 24°C with a breeze of 8-15 kph during application. Twig sections with current generation scales were collected 29 Jun and transported to the laboratory under refrigeration. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by counting the number of maturing scales per 0.5 cm2 of bark surface. Only bark areas with current scale infestation were scrutinized during the evaluation.
Southern Red Mite Control, 1984
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Cobb G. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
MF-710, a combination WP miticide containing 20% dienochlor, 10% fenbutatin-oxide, and 15% tetradifon, was evaluated with MF-704 (butocarboxime), Myten 50WP, and Pentac 4F for control of southern red mite on azaleas. Materials were applied to all leaf surface until run-off with a CO2 pressurized sprayer (32 psi). There were 4 single-plant replicates arranged in a completely randomized design. Treatments were evaluated by brushing 10 leaves from each plant canopy with a Llanfair Orchard Leaf Brushing Machine and recording the number of living mites landing on the counting disc.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Luzerne Co., Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty insecticide treatments were applied 4 Sep for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (50%), Kentucky bluegrass (20%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 by 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temp, 75°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 72°F; soil temp at 2-inch depth, 68°F; soil type, silt loam; soil pH, 7.2; % organic matter 5.0; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made 38 days later (Oct 11). Four ft2 sod samples were taken from the center of each replicate and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.
Hairy Chinch Bug Controll on a Home Lawn in Butler, Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (40%), perennial ryegrass (40%), and fine leafed fescue (20%). Treatment plots were 5 by 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated three times. Liquid formulations were applied 13 Aug by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 80°F; soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 79°F; soil temp at 2-inch depth, 75°; soil type, loam; soil pH, 6.4; % organic matter, 2.3; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.25 inches; and partly cloudy skies. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was lightly syringed with water. Posttreatment counts were made 7 days later (20 Aug). Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam open ended steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10-min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Dimethoate for Scale Control on Bromeliads, California, 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment counts were made on the day of application by counting 50 adult female scales per bromeliad as either live or dead. Three bromeliads infested with D. bromeliae and 4 bromeliads infested with D. boisduvalii were dipped in either 10 gal of water or dimethoate 4E at 0.5 lb ai/100 gal H20 for 30 s. The plants were inverted after dipping to drain excess insecticide and then maintained in a greenhouse (T = 27-32°C). Posttreatment counts were made at 14 and 28 days, counting 50 adult female scales per bromeliad.
Control of Fall Webworm, Ft. Collins, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Liewehr David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Late instar fall webworm larvae were collected from native populations feeding on choke cherry, Prunus virginiana. Larvae were divided into groups of 100 in Petri dishes each containing 5 larvae. Insecticide treatments were made 28 Aug to a shelter-belt planting of cottonwood using a CO2 compressed air sprayer until point of run-off After spray deposits had dried, leaves were collected, cut into smaller pieces, mixed, and fed to larvae. Mortality of larvae was checked 24 and 72 h after exposure to treated foliage.
Control of Citrus Mealybug on Croton, 1984
Authors: Miller Gary L. , Sheffer Barbara J. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eighteen container-grown crotons, heavily infested with citrus mealybug, were chosen from a greenhouse for testing. Plants were 1.5-2 ft tall and growing in 1-gal plastic pots. All stages of citrus mealybug were present. Insecticides were applied 13 Jan, 3 Feb, and 10 Feb with hand-held, compressed air sprayers. Chevron spreader sticker was added to all treatments at a rate of 2.4 ml/gal spray mixture. Treatments arranged in a RCB design were replicated 3 times, with a single plant constituting a replication. Plants were returned to the greenhouse after they had air dried. Effectiveness of treatments was determined on 17 Feb by examining 100 mealybugs per replication using a stereomicroscope. Mealybugs were recorded as living if normally colored and full-bodied, or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Control of Elm Leaf Beetles on Siberian Elm, 1984
Authors: King Ed , Freeman Richard , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the OSU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, OK. Field-grown Siberian elms 10-15 ft high were treated to runoff on 5 Jun when the temperature was 83°F and the wind velocity was 10-15 mph. The majority of the larvae were 1st instar, approximately 3/16 inches long. Application equipment consisted of a Marco R-20 sprayer delivering 1.5 gal/min at 150 psi. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Larval counts were made by examining 18 inches of terminal branch at 10 locations per tree at 1, 3, 7 and 35 days after application.
Citrus Whitefly Control, Alabama, 1983
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Williams M. L. , Miller G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Severely infested gardenia growing in 2-gal pots filled with an amended pine bark medium were selected for treatments. Materials were applied to all leaf surfaces until run-off with hand-pumped, compressed air sprayers. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Whitefly nymph mortality was determined 14 and 32 days after treatment.
Control of Honeylocust Insects, Aurora, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Baskin Renita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Honeylocust trees, 8-12 ft in height, at the City of Aurora Nursery were monitored for the occurrence of the second generation of the honeylocust pod gall midge. Extremely heavy oviposition was observed May 30 and an insecticide trial was initiated on that date. Single tree plots were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied with a hand-operated compressed air sprayer until point of run-off. Evaluations were made Jun 13. Honeylocust pod gall midge infestations were estimated by counting the number of new galls on 15 terminals/tree. Plant bugs and leafhoppers were counted by shaking 2 lower branches/tree over a food tray.