bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the quality of prescribing practices for older adults discharged from the emergency department in Rhode Island
Authors: Goldberg Elizabeth M. , Lin Timmy R. , Cunha Cheston B. , Mujahid Nadia , Davoodi Natalie M. , Vaughan Camille P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to examine the effectiveness of the Enhancing the Quality of Prescribing Practices for Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department (EQUiPPED) medication safety program in three emergency departments (EDs) within the largest health system in Rhode Island (RI) with funding through a quality incentive payment by a private insurance partner.MethodsThis study utilized a quasi‐experimental interrupted time series design to implement EQUiPPED, a three‐prong intervention aimed at reducing potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescriptions to 5% or less per month. We included clinicians who prescribed medications to older ED patients during the pre‐and post‐intervention periods from July 2018 to January 2021. We determined the monthly rate of PIM prescribing among older adults discharged from the ED, according to the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria, using Poisson regression.Results247 ED clinicians (48% attendings [n = 119], 27% residents [n = 67], 25% advanced practice providers [n = 61]) were included in EQUiPPED, of which 92% prescribed a PIM during the study period. In the pre‐implementation period (July 2018–July 2019) the average monthly rate of PIM prescribing was 9.30% (95% CI: 8.82%, 9.78%). In the post‐implementation period (October 2019–January 2021) the PIM prescribing rate decreased significantly to 8.62% (95% CI: 8.14%, 9.10%, p < 0.01). During pre‐implementation, 1325 of the 14,193 prescribed medications were considered inappropriate, while only 1108 of the 13,213 prescribed medications in post‐implementation were considered inappropriate. The greatest reduction was observed among antihistamines, skeletal muscle relaxants, and benzodiazepines.ConclusionsEQUiPPED contributed to a modest improvement in PIM prescribing to older adults among clinicians in these RI EDs even in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The quality incentive funding model demonstrates a successful strategy for implementation and, with greater replication, could shape national policy regarding health care delivery and quality of care for older adults.
The effect of different body positions on the cardiothoracic ratios obtained by chest radiography in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Sawada Yuto , Kaneko Akihisa , Morimoto Mayumi , Suzuki Juri , Pai Chungyu , Nakayama Shunya , Ageyama Naohide , Koie Hiroshi , Miyabe‐Nishiwaki Takako 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough some studies have reported cardiac diseases in macaques, an adequate screening method for cardiac enlargement has not yet been established. This study aimed to evaluate the positioning of macaques for radiographs and establish reference intervals for the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR).Materials and MethodsWe developed a device for chest radiography in the sitting position and performed chest radiography in 50 Japanese and 48 rhesus macaques to evaluate the CTR and chest cavity size.ResultsIn Japanese and rhesus macaques, the thorax height was significantly larger, the heart width was significantly smaller, and the mean CTR was significantly smaller in the sitting position than in the prone position. The reference intervals for CTR in the sitting position were 51.6 ± 4.6% and 52.2 ± 5.1% in Japanese and rhesus macaques, respectively.ConclusionThoracic radiographic images obtained in a sitting position resulted in a smaller CTR and a larger thorax height, which could be useful for detecting pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities.
Characterisation of the consequences of maternal immune activation on distinct cell populations in the developing rat spinal cord
Authors: Anderson Rebecca C. , O'Keeffe Gerard W. , McDermott Kieran W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation has been implicated in the development of neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the effect of MIA may depend on the gestational timing of the immune challenge and the region of the central nervous system (CNS) in question. This study investigated the effects of MIA with 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide at either Embryonic days (E)12 or E16 on the oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes of the offspring spinal cord. At E16, MIA decreased the number of olig2+ and Iba‐1+ cells in multiple grey and white matter regions of the developing spinal cord 5 h after injection. These decreases were not observed at postnatal day 14. In contrast, MIA at E12 did not alter Olig2+ or Iba‐1+ cell number in the developing spinal cord 5 h after injection, however, Olig2+ cell number was decreased in the ventral grey matter of the P14 spinal cord. No changes were observed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression at P14 following MIA at either E12 or E16. These data suggest that E16 may be a window of immediate vulnerability to MIA during spinal cord development, however, the findings also suggest that the developmental process may be capable of compensation over time. Potential changes in P14 animals following the challenge at E12 are indicative of the complexity of the effects of MIA during the developmental process.
A dose‐dependent protective effect of n‐3 PUFAs in photoaging by promoting collagen production through MAPK pathway in SKH‐1 mouse model
Authors: Xue Huan , Shen Shuzhan , Yan Guorong , Yang Yuling , Li Jiandan , Kang Ziwei , Cao Yajing , Wang Xiuli , Wang Peiru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDietary supplementation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) can inhibit inflammation and oxidation of photoaging, but the effect and mechanism on regulation of dermis collagen remains poorly elucidated. The destruction of dermal collagen plays a crucial role in the process of long‐term ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced‐photoaging, especially leading to deterioration of skin appearance and function.MethodsIn this study, we explored the protective effect of n‐3 PUFAs on the regulation of collagen through the MAPK pathway using the SKH‐1 photoaging mouse model.ResultsThe results showed that n‐3 PUFAs promoted collagen synthesis and reduced collagen degradation in a dose‐dependent manner, which was mediated by the down‐regulation of the MAPK pathway. In addition, n‐3 PUFAs supplementation inhibited the production of MMP‐1 and the UV‐induced abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. All these effects resulted in the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) and finally made a significant improvement in the appearance of skin.ConclusionOverall, the present study suggested that dietary supplementation of n‐3 PUFAs has the potential clinical prospect to prevent UV‐induced skin damage and photoaging.
Evaluation of quick sequential organ failure scores in dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Osgood A.‐M. , Hollenbeck D. , Yankin I. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic utility of the quick sequential organ failure assessment score in dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock presenting to an emergency service, and evaluate the clinical value of the quick sequential organ failure assessment score to predict severe sepsis and septic shock.Materials and MethodsThe quick sequential organ failure assessment score was calculated by evaluating respiratory rate (>22 breaths per minute), arterial systolic blood pressure (≤100 mmHg) and altered mentation. The quick sequential organ failure assessment scores with respiratory rate cut‐offs of greater than 22, greater than 30 and greater than 40 were compared. Cases were defined as dogs presented to the emergency room and met at least 2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, had documented infection, and at least one organ dysfunction. A control population of dogs included animals with non‐infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome.ResultsForty‐five dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock and 45 dogs with non‐infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome were included in the final analysis. The quick sequential organ failure assessment provided poor discrimination between survivors and non‐survivors for severe sepsis and septic shock (area under receiving operating characteristic curve, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.67). Discrimination remained poor when quick sequential organ failure assessment greater than 30 and quick sequential organ failure assessment greater than 40 scores were calculated (area under receiving operating characteristic curve, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.72, and 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.71). The quick sequential organ failure assessment of at least 2, quick sequential organ failure assessment greater than 30 of at least 2 and quick sequential organ failure assessment greater than 40 of at least 2 produced sensitivity and specificity to detect severe sepsis and septic shock of 66.7% and 64.5%, 62.2% and 71.1%, 44.4% and 80%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical significanceScoring systems utilised in emergency rooms should have high sensitivity to reduce missed sepsis cases and treatment delays. The use of the quick sequential organ failure assessment for severe sepsis and septic shock demonstrated poor mortality prediction and low sensitivity to detect canine patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and should not be used alone when screening for sepsis.
Restless legs syndrome: Over 50 years of European contribution
Authors: Khachatryan Samson G. , Ferri Raffaele , Fulda Stephany , Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Manconi Mauro , Muntean Maria‐Lucia , Stefani Ambra 
Published: July 2022

SummaryRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological disorder characterised by an urge to move the limbs with a circadian pattern (occurring in the evening/at night), more prominent at rest, and relieved with movements. RLS is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders, occurring in 5%–10% of the European population. Thomas Willis first described RLS clinical cases already in the 17th century, and Karl‐Axel Ekbom described the disease as a modern clinical entity in the 20th century. Despite variable severity, RLS can markedly affect sleep (partly through the presence of periodic leg movements) and quality of life, with a relevant socio‐economic impact. Thus, its recognition and treatment are essential. However, screening methods present limitations and should be improved. Moreover, available RLS treatment options albeit providing sustained relief to many patients are limited in number. Additionally, the development of augmentation with dopamine agonists represents a major treatment problem. A better understanding of RLS pathomechanisms can bring to light novel treatment possibilities. With emerging new avenues of research in pharmacology, imaging, genetics, and animal models of RLS, this is an interesting and constantly growing field of research. This review will update the reader on the current state of RLS clinical practice and research, with a special focus on the contribution of European researchers.
The effect of duration between sessions on biofeedback treatment in children with dysfunctional voiding
Authors: Ergun Raziye , Ozturk Naime Ipek , Sekerci Cagri Akin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveBiofeedback is an effective treatment in children with standard urotherapy‐resistant dysfunctional voiding (DV). However, the duration of the session intervals is not standardized. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of daily and weekly sessions of biofeedback treatments.MethodsThe data of children who received biofeedback due to DV between March 2018 and May 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The children were divided into two groups, one with daily and the other with weekly sessions. The voiding patterns in uroflowmetry (UF), maximum flow rate (Qmax), electromyography activity, postvoid residual volume (PVR), the ratio of voided volume to expected bladder capacity (EBC) (%), and Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS) were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 45 children (39 girls [86.6%] and 6 boys [13.3%]) were included in the study. The daily group consisted of 27 (60%) children and the weekly group of 18 (40%). Qmax, PVR, number of abnormal UF patterns, voiding volume/EBC, and DVISS scores were similar between the two groups before treatment. Voiding parameters improved statistically significantly in both groups following biofeedback, but there was no difference between the two groups. A statistical difference was found between the results of DVISS after treatment (P = .03).ConclusionBoth types of biofeedback treatment (daily and weekly) are effective methods that improve voiding parameters and DVISS values in children with DV. Therefore, the duration between sessions can be determined according to the suitability of the patient and the biofeedback unit.
Elevated inbreeding in Heliconia tortuosa is determined by tropical forest stand age, isolation and loss of hummingbird functional diversity
Authors: Jones F. Andrew , Hadley Adam S. , Bonner Kaitlin , Zahawi Rakan A. , Robinson W. Douglas , Kormann Urs , Betts Matthew G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForest conversion and habitat loss are major threats to biological diversity. Forest regeneration can mitigate the negative effects of old‐growth forest loss on species diversity, but less is known about the extent to which forest loss reduces genetic diversity in remnant populations and whether secondary forests play a role in the maintenance of genetic diversity. We quantified genetic diversity in a tropical hummingbird‐pollinated understorey herb, Heliconia tortuosa, across a landscape mosaic of primary and secondary forest regrowth. Using microsatellite genotypes from >850 adult and juvenile plants within 33 forest patches and extensive bird surveys, we examined the effect of contemporary and historical landscape features including forest age (primary vs. secondary forest), stand isolation and pollinator assemblages on genetic diversity and levels of inbreeding in H. tortuosa. We found that inbreeding was up to three times higher in secondary forest, and this effect was amplified with reductions in primary forest in the surrounding landscape through reduced observed heterozygosity in isolated fragments. Inbreeding in forest patches was negatively correlated with the local frequency of specialist long‐distance foraging traplining hummingbirds. Traplining hummingbirds therefore appear to facilitate mating among unrelated plants—an inference we tested using empirically parameterized simulations. Higher levels of inbreeding in H. tortuosa are therefore associated with reduced functional diversity of hummingbirds in secondary forests and forest patches isolated from primary forests. Our findings suggest a cryptic consequence of primary forest loss and secondary forest regeneration through the disruption of mutualistic interactions resulting in the erosion of genetic diversity in a common understorey plant.
FliL and its paralog MotF have distinct roles in the stator activity of the Sinorhizobium meliloti flagellar motor
Authors: Sobe Richard C. , Gilbert Crystal , Vo Lam , Alexandre Gladys , Scharf Birgit E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe bacterial flagellum is a complex macromolecular machine that drives bacteria through diverse fluid environments. Although many components of the flagellar motor are conserved across species, the roles of FliL are numerous and species‐specific. Here, we have characterized an additional player required for flagellar motor function in Sinorhizobium meliloti, MotF, which we have identified as a FliL paralog. We performed a comparative analysis of MotF and FliL, identified interaction partners through bacterial two‐hybrid and pull‐down assays, and investigated their roles in motility and motor rotation. Both proteins form homooligomers, and interact with each other, and with the stator proteins MotA and MotB. The ∆motF mutant exhibits normal flagellation but its swimming behavior and flagellar motor activity are severely impaired and erratic. In contrast, the ∆fliL mutant is mostly aflagellate and nonmotile. Amino acid substitutions in cytoplasmic regions of MotA or disruption of the proton channel plug of MotB partially restored motor activity to the ∆motF but not the ∆fliL mutant. Altogether, our findings indicate that both, MotF and FliL, are essential for flagellar motor torque generation in S. meliloti. FliL may serve as a scaffold for stator integration into the motor, and MotF is required for proton channel modulation.
Patients with lower limb‐onset ALS who have a longer duration from onset to diagnosis have a better prognosis
Authors: Shijo Tomomi , Suzuki Naoki , Warita Hitoshi , Kawauchi Yuko , Mitsuzawa Shio , Ikeda Kensuke , Izumi Rumiko , Ono Risako , Ohno Akiyuki , Toyoshima Masaya , Harada Ryuhei , Kuroda Hiroshi , Kato Masaaki , Aoki Masashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUseful and plain prognostic markers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression are desired to propose a suitable living setting for patients and their caregivers and to archive appropriate clinical trials.AimTo archive an additional prognostic marker for ALS progression, we evaluated the usefulness of duration from onset to diagnosis (DOD) as a prognostic factor by stratifying patients with onset sites.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 200 patients. The cutoff period for DOD was set to 12 months, which was derived from ROC curve. The patients were divided into two groups by DOD. We analyzed the differences in the time from onset to the endpoint in the two groups. The endpoint was defined as their death due to ALS progression or the application of invasive positive pressure ventilation.ResultsWe found that patients in short DOD group had significantly shorter survival rate than patients in the long DOD group. When divided by onset sites, the time from onset to the endpoint was significantly different among each group. Particularly, the prognosis of patients in the long DOD group with lower limb onset was extremely better than other groups. A significant positive correlation was detected between DOD and the time from onset to the endpoint. Moreover, DOD was negatively correlated with changes in body mass index and ALS functional rating scale‐revised, both of which were reported as the prognostic markers of ALS.ConclusionDOD might become a simple and useful indicator for the prognosis of ALS.
Field and saccharification performances of poplars severely downregulated in CAD1
Authors: De Meester Barbara , Van Acker Rebecca , Wouters Marlies , Traversari Silvia , Steenackers Marijke , Neukermans Jenny , Van Breusegem Frank , Déjardin Annabelle , Pilate Gilles , Boerjan Wout 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Lignin is one of the main factors causing lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Glasshouse‐grown poplars severely downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (CAD1), the enzyme catalysing the last step in the monolignol‐specific branch of lignin biosynthesis, have increased saccharification yields and normal growth.

Here, we assess the performance of these hpCAD poplars in the field under short rotation coppice culture for two consecutive rotations of 1 yr and 3 yr.

While 1‐yr‐old hpCAD wood had 10% less lignin, 3‐yr‐old hpCAD wood had wild‐type lignin levels. Because of their altered cell wall composition, including elevated levels of cinnamaldehydes, both 1‐yr‐old and 3‐yr‐old hpCAD wood showed enhanced saccharification yields upon harsh alkaline pretreatments (up to +85% and +77%, respectively). In contrast with previous field trials with poplars less severely downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD), the hpCAD poplars displayed leaning phenotypes, early bud set, early flowering and yield penalties. Moreover, hpCAD wood had enlarged vessels, decreased wood density and reduced relative and free water contents.

Our data show that the phenotypes of CAD‐deficient poplars are strongly dependent on the environment and underpin the importance of field trials in translating basic research towards applications.
The house the poet built
Authors: Pietrzak Wit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe essay focuses on the figure of the house in Leontia Flynn’s Profit and Loss (2011) in order to show that it evokes an arena where the poet confronts her anxieties over the precariousness of her life and over her vocation. Having briefly framed the discussion of the house in contemporary Irish poetry, the essay goes on to argue that in Flynn’s rendition, it is transformed from initially being a site of baleful haunting into a stable ground of poetic space, in which the speaker can come to terms with her griefs and fears.
Scheduled methadone reduces overall opioid requirements after pediatric posterior spinal fusion: A single center retrospective case series
Authors: Mok Valerie , Sweetman Sarah , Hernandez Brandon , Casias Timothy , Hylton Jared , Krause Bryan M. , Noonan Kenneth J. , Walker Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPosterior spinal fusion to correct adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is associated with significant postoperative pain. Different modalities have been reported as part of a multimodal analgesic plan. Intravenous methadone acts as a mu‐opioid agonist and N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist and has been shown to have opioid‐sparing effects. Our multimodal approach has included hydromorphone patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) with and without preincisional methadone, and recently postoperative methadone without a PCA.AimsWe hypothesized that a protocol including scheduled postoperative methadone doses would reduce opioid usage compared to PCA‐based strategy.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis between 2015 and 2020 was performed. There were three patient groups: Group PCA received a hydromorphone PCA without methadone; Group PCA + Methadone received preincisional methadone and a hydromorphone PCA; Group Methadone received preincisional methadone, scheduled postoperative methadone, and no PCA. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid use over 72 h. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, sedation scores, and length of stay.ResultsGroup PCA (n = 26) consumed 0.33 mg/kg (95% CI [0.28, 0.38]) total hydromorphone equivalents, Group PCA + methadone (n = 39) 0.30 mg/kg (95% CI [0.25, 0.36]) total hydromorphone equivalents, and Group methadone (n = 22) 0.18 mg/kg (95% CI [0.15, 0.21]) total hydromorphone equivalents (p = .00096). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for secondary outcomes.ConclusionA protocol with intraoperative and scheduled postoperative methadone doses resulted in a 45% reduction in opioid usage compared to a PCA‐based protocol with similar analgesia after pediatric posterior spinal fusion.
Predication and Hume's Conceivability Principle
Authors: Qu Hsueh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I will make the case that an associative account of predication in Hume seems to allow for impossible predicative conceptions—that is, the conceiving of impossible states of affairs involving subjects instantiating properties or qualities—which violate his Conceivability Principle. The natural response is to argue that such conceptions are not clear and distinct, but substantive worries are raised about a number of attempted solutions along these lines. This poses a predicament for Hume scholars: either we must modify or abandon the Conceivability Principle, or reject an associative account of predication, or concede that Hume faces a difficulty he cannot solve.