The Socioeconomic Indicators Linked to Parent Health-Related Technology Use: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: McCall Madison P , Hineline Megan T , Anton Margaret T , Highlander April , Jones Deborah J 
Published: October 2022

Background
Despite the prevalence of parent health information seeking on the internet and its impact on parenting behavior, there is a paucity of research on parents of young children (ages 3 to 8 years). Given the importance of this developmental period, exploring how family socioeconomic indicators linked to the digital divide and health inequities affect parent proxy- and self-seeking is critical to further understanding variability in health information seeking and associated outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to explore parental health-related technology use (HTU), the process by which parents engage in support, advice, and information-seeking behavior related to their (self-seeking) and their children’s (proxy seeking) health across a range of hardware devices (eg, tablet, wearable, smartphone, laptop, and desktop computer) and sources (eg, search engines, mobile applications, social media, and other digital media).

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 313 parents and guardians of children ages 3 to 8 years recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) was conducted. Parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on a broad range of parenting and parent-related constructs, including sociodemographic information, technology device ownership, and engagement in and use, features, and perceptions of HTU. Descriptive and bivariate analyses (chi-square tests) were performed to identify patterns and investigate associations between family socioeconomic indicators and parent HTU.

Results
The overwhelming majority (301/313, 96%) of parents of young children reported engaging in HTU, of which 99% (300/301) reported using search engines (eg, Google), followed by social media (62%, 188/301), other forms of digital media (eg, podcasts; 145/301, 48%), and mobile applications (114/301, 38%). Parents who engaged in HTU reported seeking information about their child’s behavior and discipline practices (260/313, 83%), mental or physical health (181/313, 58%), and academic performance (142/313, 45%). Additionally, nearly half (134/313, 43%) of parents reported searching for advice on managing their stress. Among parents who reported using each source, an overwhelming majority (280/300, 93%) indicated that search engines were a helpful online source for proxy- and self-seeking, followed by social media (89%, 167/188), other digital media (120/145, 83%), and mobile apps (87/114, 76%). Among parents who reported using any technology source, approximately one-fifth reported that technology sources were most comfortable (61/311, 20%), most understanding (69/311, 22%), and most influential toward behavior change (73/312, 23%) compared to traditional sources of health information–seeking, including mental health professionals, other health care professionals, school professionals, community leaders, friends, and family members. Indicators of family socioeconomic status were differentially associated with frequency and perceptions of and search content associated with parent HTU across technology sources.

Conclusions
The findings of this study underscore critical considerations in the design and dissemination of digital resources, programs, and interventions targeting parent and child health, especially for families in traditionally underserved communities.