bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibrating the Physical Activity Vital Sign to Estimate Habitual Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity More Accurately in Active Young Adults: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Pellerine Liam P. , Kimmerly Derek S. , Fowles Jonathon R. , O’Brien Myles W. 
Published: May 2022

The Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) is a two-question assessment used to estimate habitual moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA). Previous studies have shown active adults cannot estimate the physical activity intensity properly. The initial purpose was to investigate the criterion validity of the PAVS for quantifying habitual MVPA in young adults meeting weekly MVPA guidelines (n = 140; 21 ± 3 years). A previously validated PiezoRx waist-worn accelerometer served as the criterion measure (wear time, 6.7 ± 0.6 days). All participants completed the PAVS once before wearing the PiezoRx. Standardized activity monitor validation procedures were followed. The PAVS (201 ± 142 min/week) underestimated (p < .001) MVPA compared to the PiezoRx (381 ± 155 min/week). To correct for this large error, the sample was divided into calibration model development (n = 70; 21 ± 3 years) and criterion validation (n = 70; 21 ± 3 years) groups. The PAVS score, age, gender, and body mass index outcomes from the development group were used to construct a multiple linear regression model-based calibrated PAVS (cPAVS) equation. In the validation group, the cPAVS was similar (p = .113; 352 ± 23 min/week) compared to accelerometry. Equivalence testing demonstrated the cPAVS, but not the PAVS, was equivalent to the PiezoRx. Despite achieving most statistical criteria, the PAVS and cPAVS still had high degrees of variability, preventing their use on an individual level. Alternative strategies are needed for the PAVS in an active young adult population. These results caution using the PAVS in active young adults and identify a case where obvious variabilities in accuracy conflict with statistically congruent results.
Late Cretaceous time-transgressive onset of Laramide arch exhumation and basin subsidence across northern Arizona–New Mexico, USA, and the role of a dehydrating Farallon flat slab
Authors: Thacker Jacob O. , Karlstrom Karl E. , Kelley Shari A. , Crow Ryan S. , Kendall Jerry J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spatiotemporal constraints for Late Cretaceous tectonism across the Colorado Plateau and southern Rocky Mountains (northern Arizona–New Mexico, USA) are interpreted in regards to Laramide orogenic mechanisms. Onset of Laramide arch development is estimated from cooling recorded in representative thermochronologic samples in a three-step process of initial forward models, secondary HeFTy inverse models with informed constraint boxes, and a custom script to statistically estimate timing of rapid cooling from inverse model results. Onset of Laramide basin development is interpreted from increased rates of tectonic subsidence. Onset estimates are compared to published estimates for Laramide timing, and together suggest tectonism commenced ca. 90 Ma in northwestern Arizona and progressed eastward with later onset in northcentral New Mexico by ca. 75–70 Ma. The interpreted sweep of onset progressed at a rate of ∼50 km/m.y. and was approximately half the 100–150 km/m.y. rate estimated for Late Cretaceous Farallon-North America convergence during the same timeframe. Previous suggestions that the Laramide tectonic front progressed at a rate similar to convergence via basal traction are not supported by our results. We thereby suggest that (1) a plate margin end load established far field compression and that (2) sequential Laramide-style strain was facilitated by progressive weakening of North American lithosphere from the dehydrating Farallon flat slab. Results are compared to models of sweeping tectonism and magmatism in other parts of the Laramide foreland. Discussions of the utility of the custom script and the potential for stratigraphic constraints to represent only minimum onset estimates are also presented.
Occupational noise exposure and risk of incident stroke: a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts
Authors: Thacher Jesse D , Roswall Nina , Lissåker Claudia , Aasvang Gunn Marit , Albin Maria , Andersson Eva M , Engström Gunnar , Eriksson Charlotta , Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur , Ketzel Matthias , Khan Jibran , Lanki Timo , Ljungman Petter L S , Mattisson Kristoffer , Molnar Peter , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Oudin Anna , Overvad Kim , Petersen Sesilje Bondo , Pershagen Göran , Poulsen Aslak Harbo , Pyko Andrei , Rizzuto Debora , Rosengren Annika , Schioler Linus , Sjöström Mattias , Stockfelt Leo , Tiittanen Pekka , Sallsten Gerd , Ögren Mikael , Selander Jenny , Sorensen Mette 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between occupational noise exposure and stroke incidence in a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts (NordSOUND).MethodsWe pooled and harmonised data from five Scandinavian cohorts resulting in 78 389 participants. We obtained job data from national registries or questionnaires and recoded these to match a job-exposure matrix developed in Sweden, which specified the annual average daily noise exposure in five exposure classes (LAeq8h): <70, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, ≥85 dB(A). We identified residential address history and estimated 1-year average road traffic noise at baseline. Using national patient and mortality registers, we identified 7777 stroke cases with a median follow-up of 20.2 years. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for individual and area-level potential confounders.ResultsExposure to occupational noise at baseline was not associated with overall stroke in the fully adjusted models. For ischaemic stroke, occupational noise was associated with HRs (95% CI) of 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20), 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24) and 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) in the 75–79, 80–84 and ≥85 dB(A) exposure groups, compared with <70 dB(A), respectively. In subanalyses using time-varying occupational noise exposure, we observed an indication of higher stroke risk among the most exposed (≥85 dB(A)), particularly when restricting analyses to people exposed to occupational noise within the last year (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.63).ConclusionsWe found no association between occupational noise and risk of overall stroke after adjustment for confounders. However, the non-significantly increased risk of ischaemic stroke warrants further investigation.
Genesis of improved quality in imaging through a national Australian echocardiography registry
Authors: Eccleston David , Scalia Gregory , Kearney Leighton , Cross David , Cehic Daniel , Disney Patrick , Xu Xiao-Fang , Cain Peter , Srivastava Piyush M 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDespite rapid technological advances and growth, quality in imaging has not received the focus seen elsewhere in cardiovascular medicine, resulting in significant gaps between guidelines and practice. Contemporary echocardiography practice requires comprehensive real-time data collection to allow dynamic auditing and benchmarking of key performance indices. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) proposed additional data standardisation, structured reporting identifying key data elements and imaging registries. In the absence of an Australian echocardiography registry, we developed a national clinical quality registry (GenesisCare Cardiovascular Outcomes Echo Registry). We hypothesised that measurement and local reporting of data would improve compliance of echo studies with quality guidelines and hence their clinical value.Methods and resultsWe prospectively collected data on 4 099 281 echocardiographic studies entered directly into a central electronic database from 63 laboratories across four Australian states between 2010 and 2021. Real-time auditing of key data elements and introduction of quality improvement pathways were performed to maximise completeness and uniformity of data acquisition and reporting. We compared completeness of key data element acquisition (AV peak velocity, left ventricular ejection fraction, E/e’, LA area, rhythm, RVSP) by time and state using de-identified data. Key performance outcomes benchmarked against the aggregated study cohort and international standards were reported to individual sites to drive quality improvement. Between 2010 and 2014 there were significant improvements in data completeness (72.0%+/-26.8% vs 86.8%+/-13.5%, p=0.02), which were maintained to 2020. In addition, interstate variability fell for both EF and E/e’ (p<0.002).ConclusionsThis large-scale collaboration provides a platform for the development of major quality improvement initiatives in echocardiography. Introduction of local quality assurance programmes via a unified national data set significantly improved the completeness of reporting of key echo quality measures. This in turn significantly improved the quality of, and reduced the interstate variability of, echo data. Developing a centralised database allowed rapid adoption nationally of local quality improvements.
Diagnostic validity and clinical utility of genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Christian Susan , Cirino Allison , Hansen Brittany , Harris Stephanie , Murad Andrea M , Natoli Jaime L , Malinowski Jennifer , Kelly Melissa A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study summarises the diagnostic validity and clinical utility of genetic testing for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their at-risk relatives.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Library databases from inception through 2 March 2020. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were prespecified for individual sarcomere genes, presence/absence of pathogenic variants, paediatric and adult cohorts, family history, inclusion of probands, and variant classification method. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool.ResultsA total of 132 articles met inclusion criteria. The detection rate based on pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was significantly higher in paediatric cohorts compared with adults (56% vs 42%; p=0.01) and in adults with a family history compared with sporadic cases (59% vs 33%; p=0.005). When studies applied current, improved, variant interpretation standards, the adult detection rate significantly decreased from 42% to 33% (p=0.0001) because less variants met criteria to be considered pathogenic. The mean difference in age-of-onset in adults was significantly earlier for genotype-positive versus genotype-negative cohorts (8.3 years; p<0.0001),MYH7versusMYBPC3cohorts (8.2 years; p<0.0001) and individuals with multiple versus single variants (7.0 years; p<0.0002). Overall, disease penetrance in adult cohorts was 62%, but differed significantly depending on if probands were included or excluded (73% vs 55%; p=0.003).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis is the first, to our knowledge, to collectively quantify historical understandings of detection rate, genotype-phenotype associations and disease penetrance for HCM, while providing the answers to important routine clinical questions and highlighting key areas for future study.
Time trends in adherence to guideline recommendations for anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction
Authors: Jortveit Jarle , Sandberg Edvard L , Pripp Are Hugo , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPoor adherence to guideline recommendations for anticoagulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is previously reported. The aim of the present cohort study was to assess time trends in prescription of anticoagulation therapy in a nationwide registry-based cohort of patients with acute MI and AF.MethodsAll patients, registered in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Registry (NORMI) between 2013 and 2019 with ECG-verified AF at hospitalisation, were included in the cohort study. The primary outcome was the prescription rate of anticoagulation therapy at hospital discharge and follow-up through 2019.ResultsAF was observed in 8565 (10.9% of 78369) patients registered in the NORMI from 2013 through 2019. The congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–75, and sex (female) score was ≥2 in 7845 (92%) of the hospitalised patients with AF, and in 7174 (96%) of 7440 patients discharged alive. Only 3704 (47.2%) of these patients were treated with anticoagulation prior to the MI. The prescription rate of anticoagulation therapy at discharge was 55% in 2013, increasing to 78% in 2019 (annual per cent change 6.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 11.6)). Patients prescribed anticoagulation therapy had reduced risk of all types of stroke or death at follow-up compared with patients without prescription of anticoagulation therapy (multivariate-adjusted HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.8, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prescription rate of anticoagulation therapy in patients with MI and AF increased during the study period, but many patients were still undertreated with respect to stroke prevention.
Fulminant onset COVID-19: predictors and outcome
Authors: Sathiavageesan Subrahmanian , Sundaram Vivek , Sundaram Naveen , Shanmugam Vimalraj Bogana , Selvaraj Joseph , Vivek Namrata , Ravi Gobinath Kanthasamy , Velan Minu , Palaniappan Chidambaram , Singaravelu Velvizhi , Shanmugam Manoj Prabhakar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDuring COVID-19 infection, organ dysfunction such as respiratory failure tends to occur towards the second week of illness; however, in a subset, there may be rapid onset of organ dysfunction as early as symptom onset. We define fulminant onset COVID-19 as rapid onset of organ dysfunction such as acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute encephalopathy or shock within 4 days of symptom onset. Fulminant onset COVID-19 has not yet been systematically studied. We aimed to identify predictors and prognosis of fulminant onset COVID-19.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out on patients admitted to a single referral hospital in South India between June 2020 and January 2022. Patients were categorised into fulminant and non-fulminant onset COVID-19. Candidate predictors for fulminant onset were chosen by an intuitive approach and analysed using logistic regression. Then, the outcome of fulminant onset COVID-19 at 30 days was studied.ResultsOut of 2016 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 653 (32.4%) had fulminant onset COVID-19. Age&gt;60 years (a-OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.90, p&lt;0.001), hypertension (a-OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.61, p=0.03) and immune-suppressed state (a-OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.7 to 18.7, p=0.005) were significant predictors of fulminant onset COVID-19. Complete vaccination lowered the odds of fulminant onset COVID-19 significantly (a-OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85, p=0.004). At 30 days, the fulminant onset COVID-19 group had higher odds of mortality and need for organ support.ConclusionFulminant onset COVID-19 is not uncommon and it carries poor prognosis and deserves recognition as a distinct phenotype of COVID-19.
Natural History and Characteristics of ERBB2-mutated Hormone Receptor–positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Case–control Study from AACR Project GENIE
Authors: LeNoue-Newton Michele L. , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Stricker Thomas , Hyman David M. , Blauvelt Natalie , Bedard Philippe L. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Punglia Rinaa S. , Schrag Deborah , Lepisto Eva M. , Andre Fabrice , Smyth Lillian , Dogan Semih , Yu Celeste , Wathoo Chetna , Levy Mia , Eli Lisa D. , Xu Feng , Mann Grace , Lalani Alshad S. , Ye Fei , Micheel Christine M. , Arnedos Monica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
We wanted to determine the prognosis and the phenotypic characteristics of hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer tumors harboring an ERBB2 mutation in the absence of a HER2 amplification.

Experimental Design:
We retrospectively collected information from the American Association of Cancer Research-Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange registry database from patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative, ERBB2-mutated advanced breast cancer. Phenotypic and co-mutational features, as well as response to treatment and outcome were compared with matched control cases ERBB2 wild type.

Results:
A total of 45 ERBB2-mutant cases were identified for 90 matched controls. The presence of an ERBB2 mutation was not associated with worse outcome determined by overall survival (OS) from first metastatic relapse. No significant differences were observed in phenotypic characteristics apart from higher lobular infiltrating subtype in the ERBB2-mutated group. ERBB2 mutation did not seem to have an impact in response to treatment or time-to-progression (TTP) to endocrine therapy compared with ERBB2 wild type. In the co-mutational analyses, CDH1 mutation was more frequent in the ERBB2-mutated group (FDR &lt; 1). Although not significant, fewer co-occurring ESR1 mutations and more KRAS mutations were identified in the ERBB2-mutated group.

Conclusions:
ERBB2-activating mutation was not associated with a worse OS from time of first metastatic relapse, or differences in TTP on treatment as compared with a series of matched controls. Although not significant, differences in coexisting mutations (CDH1, ESR1, and KRAS) were noted between the ERBB2-mutated and the control group.
Single-cell Characterization of the Cellular Landscape of Acral Melanoma Identifies Novel Targets for Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jiannong , Smalley Inna , Chen Zhihua , Wu Jheng-Yu , Phadke Manali S. , Teer Jamie K. , Nguyen Thanh , Karreth Florian A. , Koomen John M. , Sarnaik Amod A. , Zager Jonathan S. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Sondak Vernon K. , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Messina Jane L. , Chen Y. Ann , Smalley Keiran S.M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose:Acral melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma that arises on the non–hair-bearing skin of the palms, soles, and nail beds. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the transcriptional landscape of acral melanoma and identify novel immunotherapeutic targets.Experimental Design:We performed scRNA-seq on nine clinical specimens (five primary, four metastases) of acral melanoma. Detailed cell type curation was performed, the immune landscapes were mapped, and key results were validated by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and single-cell datasets. Cell–cell interactions were inferred and compared with those in nonacral cutaneous melanoma.Results:Multiple phenotypic subsets of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells with varying levels of activation/exhaustion were identified. A comparison between primary and metastatic acral melanoma identified gene signatures associated with changes in immune responses and metabolism. Acral melanoma was characterized by a lower overall immune infiltrate, fewer effector CD8 T cells and NK cells, and a near-complete absence of γδ T cells compared with nonacral cutaneous melanomas. Immune cells associated with acral melanoma exhibited expression of multiple checkpoints including PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, V-domain immunoglobin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), TIGIT, and the Adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2). VISTA was expressed in 58.3% of myeloid cells and TIGIT was expressed in 22.3% of T/NK cells.Conclusions:Acral melanoma has a suppressed immune environment compared with that of cutaneous melanoma from nonacral skin. Expression of multiple, therapeutically tractable immune checkpoints were observed, offering new options for clinical translation.
Imagined Musical Scale Relationships Decoded from Auditory Cortex
Authors: May Lloyd , Halpern Andrea R. , Paulsen Sean D. , Casey Michael A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Notes in a musical scale convey different levels of stability or incompleteness, forming what is known as a tonal hierarchy. Levels of stability conveyed by these scale degrees are partly responsible for generating expectations as a melody proceeds, for emotions deriving from fulfillment (or not) of those expectations, and for judgments of overall melodic well-formedness. These functions can be extracted even during imagined music. We investigated whether patterns of neural activity in fMRI could be used to identify heard and imagined notes, and if patterns associated with heard notes could identify notes that were merely imagined. We presented trained musicians with the beginning of a scale (key and timbre were varied). The next note in the scale was either heard or imagined. A probe tone task assessed sensitivity to the tonal hierarchy, and state and trait measures of imagery were included as predictors. Multivoxel classification yielded above-chance results in primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) for heard scale-degree decoding. Imagined scale-degree decoding was successful in multiple cortical regions spanning bilateral superior temporal, inferior parietal, precentral, and inferior frontal areas. The right superior temporal gyrus yielded successful cross-decoding of heard-to-imagined scale-degree, indicating a shared pathway between tonal-hierarchy perception and imagery. Decoding in right and left superior temporal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus was more successful in people with more differentiated tonal hierarchies and in left inferior frontal gyrus among people with higher self-reported auditory imagery vividness, providing a link between behavioral traits and success of neural decoding. These results point to the neural specificity of imagined auditory experiences—even of such functional knowledge—but also document informative individual differences in the precision of that neural response.
Hearing “Birch” Hampers Saying “Duck”—An Event-Related Potential Study on Phonological Interference in Immediate and Delayed Word Production
Authors: Mädebach Andreas , Widmann Andreas , Posch Melina , Schröger Erich , Jescheniak Jörg D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When speakers name a picture (e.g., “duck”), a distractor word phonologically related to an alternative name (e.g., “birch” related to “bird”) slows down naming responses compared with an unrelated distractor word. This interference effect obtained with the picture–word interference task is assumed to reflect the phonological coactivation of close semantic competitors and is critical for evaluating contemporary models of word production. In this study, we determined the event-related brain potential (ERP) signature of this effect in immediate and delayed versions of the picture–word interference task. ERPs revealed a differential processing of related and unrelated distractors: an early (305–436 msec) and a late (537–713 msec) negativity for related as compared with unrelated distractors. In the behavioral data, the interference effect was only found in immediate naming, whereas its ERP signature was also present in delayed naming. The time window of the earlier ERP effect suggests that the behavioral interference effect indeed emerges at a phonological processing level, whereas the functional significance of the later ERP effect is as yet not clear. The finding of a robust ERP correlate of phonological coactivation might facilitate future research on lexical processing in word production.