bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toroidal Counter Electrode for Ionic Propulsion
Authors: Chirita Marius , Ieta Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Significant attention has recently been given to the research and application of ionic wind to atmospheric propulsion. Rotational ionic engines (RIE) have also demonstrated to have potential for in-atmosphere propulsion in negative polarity. However, such devices have not yet produced enough thrust for a rotary ionic drone to be developed. We demonstrate here that a toroidal counter electrode can increase the RIE's performance by up to 7.8 times greater than in previous configurations (upper limit not determined). The RIE is designed with pin emitters extended on the trailing edge of a 12.6 cm two-blade plastic propeller placed above a toroidal counter-electrode which provided axial thrust up to 288.5 5 mN at 23.15 N/m2. The new design generates axial thrust due to the linear acceleration of ions between electrodes, and also due to the induced rotary motion of the propeller which captures the energy and momentum of ions accelerated in the propeller rotational plane. An optimal electrode gap exists at any voltage applied above the ionic wind generation threshold. Thrust to power ratio can be measured by the ratio of voltage to current or propeller kinetic energy to power.
Nesfatin-1 suppresses autophagy of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis via remodeling of cytoskeleton and inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signal pathway
Authors: Jiang Lifeng , MOQBEL SAFWAT ADEL ABDO , Zhu Junxiong , Fu Qiangchang , Lai Jiabin , Lin Changjian , Wu Lidong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Autophagy and cytoskeleton integrity of chondrocytes are a considered as major factors in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) involving excessive chondrocyte apoptosis and senescence. Nesfatin-1, an adipokine has been reported to be closely related to cell autophagy and cytoskeleton malfunction. Our previous study found that nesfatin-1 was highly correlated with OA progress in OA patient, and the expression of nesfatin-1 rises in knee articular tissue, serum and chondrocytes. In current study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of nesfatin-1 on OA and its molecular mechanism related to chondrocyte autophagy and cytoskeleton malfunction. We firstly demonstrated that nesfatin-1 effectively suppressed excessive autophagy of OA chondrocytes at both gene and protein levels. Meanwhile, we also found that nesfatin-1 significantly improved cytoskeleton integrity by showing higher F-actin/G-actin ratio, as well as more organized actin fiber structure. Mechanistically, utility of RhoA activator and inhibitor revealed that regulation of autophagy and cytoskeleton integrity via nesfatin-1 was realized via RhoA/ROCK pathway. We also confirmed that nesfatin-1 significantly ameliorated IL-1β induced cartilage degeneration via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model. Overall, our study indicates that nesfatin-1 might be a promising therapeutic molecule for OA intervention.
Effects of different doses of Arak on liver and kidney microstructures in Swiss albino mice: Histopathological study
Authors: Sorsa Rebuma , Alemayehu Tilahun , Hamba Niguse , Abdisa Daba , Banjaw Zelalem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: Ethiopia is the most culturally diversified country in which a variety of traditional alcoholic beverages are consumed in different cultures and among others Arak is very popular. The effect of Arak on internal organs structures especially liver and kidney is not well studied even through it is consumed by the people in different parts of the country.Objectives: Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of different doses of Arak on liver and kidney microstructures in Swiss albino mice.Methods: To study the effect of effect of Arak on histology of liver and Kidney, twenty eight (fourteen male and female) newly breaded Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups of two male and female in each. Arak was provided for the experimental groups 20%, 40% and 45% at 1ml/BW of mice daily for six weeks and 1ml/BW of distilled water for control once daily for six weeks. At the end of 42 days each animal was anaesthetized with diethyl ether and tissue sample (Kidney and liver) was collected after the mice sacrificed by cervical dislocation and abdominal cavity was opened anteriorly through midline incision of the abdomen to gain access to internal organs notably Liver and Kidneys. Wet organ was accessioned and immersion fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological investigation. The qualitative data including histopathological alterations was investigated through preparing microscopic slides which were examined by under light microscope Anatomist and Pathologist (both single blinded to dose and groups).ResultsIn this study, the liver tissue of the control group has a normal histological structure, normal central vein and sinusoidal capillary with no evidence of narrowing, no change in hepatocytes cytoplasm and nucleus. Inflammations and necrosis in the liver tissue of the group of mice administered with 1ml/BW of 20% Arak, 1ml/BW of 40% of Arak and 1ml/BW of 45% of Arak mice was seen under light microscope which degree varies based on concentration of ethanol in the Arak. The kidney tissue of the control group has a normal histological appearance of glomeruli and renal tubules and basement membrane and there was inflammation, swelling, fat accumulation, obscure bowman’s space, foamy appearing and necrosis of renal parenchyma in mice administered with 1ml/BW of 20% Arak, 1ml/BW of 40% of Arak and 1ml/BW of 45% of Arak during the study period.ConclusionsLiver and kidney inflammation, fat drop accumulation and necrosis accompanied by alteration of its functions. The damaging effect was exacerbated as the dose of Arak ethanol concentration was increased. As the world moves towards alcohol control policy, the focus as interventions has to be also given for traditional alcoholic beverages.
Application of Artificial Neural Network and Multi-linear Regression Techniques in Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment around Egbema, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Akakuru Obinna Chigoziem , Adakwa Bello , Ikoro Diugo Okereke , Eyankware Moses Oghenenyoreme , Opara Alexander Iheanyi , Njoku Adora Olivia , Iheme Kenneth Obinna , Usman Ayatu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This paper examined the efficiency of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear regression (MLR) models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters such as ecological risk index (ERI), pollution load index (PLI), metal pollution index (MPI), Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). 40 groundwater samples were collected systematically and analyzed for mainly heavy metals. Results revealed that adopting measured parameters is effective in modeling the parameters with high level of accuracy. Contamination factor results reveal that Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu have relatively low values < 1 within the region while the Iron values ranged from low contamination to very high contamination (> 6). PLI, MPI, and ERI results indicated low pollution. NPI results indicated that the majority of the samples were heavily polluted. Quantification of Contamination results revealed that most of the sample's quality was geogenically influenced. Igeo results revealed that most of the samples had extreme pollution. The health risk assessment results revealed that children are substantially prone to more health risk more than adults. The ANN and MLR models showed a high effective tendency in the prediction of ERI, PLI, MPI, NPI and Igeo. Principal Component Analysis results showed appreciable variable loadings while the Correlation matrix results reveal that there exists weak and positive correlation amongst elements. Based on the outcome of this study, this research recommends the use of ANN and MLR models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters as they yielded positive, reliable, acceptable, and appropriate accuracy performances.
Comparison of abdominopelvic non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen
Authors: Hou Qisheng , Wang Ke , Hu Xiaoyu , Sun Yujia , Liu Cheng , Xiong Hui , Liu Si 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The guidelines recommend that Computed Tomography (CT) may be indicated in all non-traumatic acute abdomen patients in the emergency department, but there is no specific recommendation for non-contrast or contrast-enhanced CT. In this study, we compared the value of non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen.
Methods
Patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen who presented to the Department of Emergency Surgery of Peking University First Hospital and performed abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT from October 2019 to September 2021 were enrolled. The diagnostic consistency between non-contrast CT sequence and contrast-enhanced CT sequence, time cost for diagnosis based on CT image and diagnostic confidence were compared.
Results
450 patients were included in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT were 91.7%, 92.9%, 99.8%, 26.5% and 91.8% versus 97.9%, 92.9%, 99.8%, 59.1% and 97.8%. The diagnostic consistency between non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT was 94%.The time cost of diagnosis based on non-contrast CT was shorter than that of contrast-enhanced CT(2.35 ± 1.097min vs 2.82 ± 1.767min, t=-12.591, P = 0.000),and the confidence score was lower than that of contrast-enhanced CT(2.52 ± 0.634 vs 2.83 ± 0.402, t=-12.175, P = 0.000).
Conclusion
It may be more appropriate to use non-contrast CT as the first imaging examination for the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen, while contrast-enhanced CT as a necessary supplement.
Economic feasibility and risk analysis of Nile tilapia juveniles reared in a biofloc technology system
Authors: Bezerra Gabriel Artur , Pires Dara Cristina , Watanabe André Luiz , Neto Celso Carlos Buglione , Simões André Rozemberg Peixoto , Hisano Hamilton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility and the risk associated with the Nile tilapia juveniles cultured in a biofloc technology system. The indicators used in this study followed the operating cost criterion. Scenarios were analyzed in terms of variations in input prices and survival. Stochastic simulation were also carried out in order to determine the probabilities of economic results. The items with the greatest impact on costs were the acquisition of the greenhouse and fingerlings, which represented 27.64% (initial investment) and 33.24% (operating cost) respectively. The analysis showed that the biofloc technology system is viable in a short and long term, since it covered all the operational costs and showed a positive gross margin per production cycle, except in the pessimistic scenario. The risk analysis demonstrated that in 87.29% of the simulations obtained a positive profit. Thus, the tilapia juveniles production in biofloc technology system is a low-risk and economically viable investment.
Straight Forward Constructive Deep Learning Neural Network (SFC-DLNN) algorithm
Authors: Rollin Ndom Francis , Chantal Mveh-Abia , Raoul Ayissi , Remy Etoua , Yves Emvudu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Straight Forward Constructive Deep Learning Neural Network (SFC-DLNN) algorithm is a new architecture and supervised learning algorithm for artificial neural networks. Instead of just adjusting the weights in a network of fixed topology, SFC-DLNN begins with a minimal network (perceptron), then automatically trains and adds new hidden units one by one, creating a multi-layer structure. Once a new hidden unit has been added to the network, the input-side weights of the new architecture are generated. This unit then becomes a permanent feature-detector in the network, available for producing outputs or for creating others, more complex feature space is then created where the data is likely to be linearly separable. The SFC-DLNN architecture has several advantages over existing algorithms: it learns quickly, the network determines its own size and topology, it retains the structures it has built even if the training set changes.We obtain from our built model (SFC-DLNN) an accuracy and specificity of 83:5% from a simulated data set using the uniform distribution. This is not the best but is enough to approve the model prediction capacity.
Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sun-reducing catastrophes
Authors: Boyd Matt , Wilson Nick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well-placed to help reboot collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macro-indices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favourable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socio-ecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with co-benefits, that may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.
First two cases of Monkeypox virus infection in travellers returned from UAE to India, July 2022
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Reghukumar Aravind , Sahay Rima R. , K Sudeep , Shete Anita M. , Raman Aruna , VK Pramod , Abraham Priya , Benson Reshma , SM Sarin , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Patil Deepak Y. , Kumar Abhinendra , Gupta Nivedita , George Anuja Elizabeth , Vijay Neetu , U Anuja , Suresh Manjusree , A Ramiz Raja , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Ravindranath Manasi , Sreeniva Sreenath , James Preethi , MK Shaj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report the first two confirmed cases of Monkeypox in foreign returnees from United Arab Emirates who presented with fever, myalgia, and vesicular lesions on the genital area with cervical lymphadenopathy. The oropharyngeal & nasopharyngeal swab, EDTA blood, serum, urine, lesion samples from multiple sites (lesion fluid, lesion roof and lesion base) were collected from both the cases on ninth post onset day of illness. The clinical specimens of both the cases were tested with real time PCR for Orthopoxvirus, Monkeypox virus (MPXV), West African clade specific MPXV. The specimens oropharyngeal & nasopharyngeal swab, urine, lesion samples from multiple sites (lesion fluid, lesion roof and lesion base) were tested positive for MPXV. The complete genome sequences obtained from skin lesions of case 1 and 2 showed similarity of 99.91 and 99.96% respectively with MPXV_USA_2022_FL001 West African clade. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two cases were infected with Monkeypox virus strain A.2 which belong to hMPXV-1A lineage of clade 3.
Thermal micropolar couple stresses effects on peristaltic flow of biviscosity nanofluid through a porous medium
Authors: Ismael Aya M. , Eldabe Nabil T. , zeid Mohamed Y. Abou , Shabouri Sami M. El 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main aim of current study is to analyze couple stresses effects on MHD peristaltic transport of a micropolar non-Newtonian nanofluid. The fluid flows through a porous media between co-axial tubes under the effect of radiation, chemical reaction, viscous and Ohmic dissipation. The inner tube is solid and uniform, while the outer tube has an exible wave traveling down its wall. the governing equations have been simplified using low-Reynolds number and long wave-length, then A semi-analytical solutions have been obtained using homotopy perturbation method. Numerical results for the behaviors of the axial velocity, microrotation velocity, temperature and nanoparticles with problem physical parameters are depicted graphically. This study is very significant in diverse medical implementations, as gold nanoparticles are utilized in the remedy of cancer tumor.
Water provision planning on the basis of human population growth forecasts: A case study of the City of uMhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Mokoma Thato Julius , Tilahun Surafel Luleseged 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Access to adequate water is a battle the City of uMhlathuze faces daily, with the disadvantaged and impoverished areas being most affected as a result of a rapidly increasing growth in human population. The future water condition will be impossible to manage unless the municipality is able to address the increased demand for water which often leads to illegal water connections. The goal of this study is twofold: first to predict human population growth over a 50-year period and secondly, to formulate a linear programming model to determine the number of additional reservoir tanks which need to be built, in order to satisfy the human water demand for the next half century. This study compares the application of automated time series forecasting models like ARIMA, ETS, and BATS model to predict the growth in human population. The best model to forecast human population growth was then selected using the forecasting assessment criterion of RMSE, MAE, MASE and MAPE. Based on the forecast results obtained in this study, ARIMA(1,1,0) with drift model has shown a better prediction accuracy in terms of the RMSE = 3.725, MAE = 2.265, MASE = 0.211, and MAPE = 0.757, than the ETS(A,Ad,N), and BATS(1, {0,0}, 1,-) model to explain the observed values of a time series. The forecast results derived from ARIMA(1,1,0) with drift model have indicated that the human population growth will triple by 2067, albeit at a higher pace than at any period since 1996. On the basis of human population growth forecasts, it is suggested that 687 additional reservoir tanks with a capacity of 47,500 kilolitres are built within the next 50 years in order to supplement the increased demand for water that comes with an increase in human population. An implication of these findings is the possibility that, should anticipated human population growth materialise, the current reservoir tanks are likely to come under stress due to the increased demand for water.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Isoniazid Derivatives Tethered
with Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Pflégr Václav , Stolaříková Jiřina , Vinšová Jarmila , Krátký Martin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There is an urgent need for new antitubercular compounds. Modification of antimycobacterial isonicotinohydrazide at hydrazide N2 provided antimycobacterial active com-pounds.

Objective:
Combining this scaffold with various aliphatic amines that are also frequently present in antitubercular compounds, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated twenty-three N-(cyclo)alkyl-2-(2-isonicotinoylhydrazineylidene)propanamides and their analogues as potential an-timycobacterial compounds. By increasing lipophilicity, we intended to facilitate the penetration of mycobacteria's highly impermeable cell wall.

Methods:
The target amides were prepared via condensation of isoniazid and pyruvic acid, followed by carbodiimide-mediated coupling with yields from 35 to 98 %. The compounds were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and two nontuberculous mycobacteria (M. avium, M. kansasii).

Results:
All the derivatives exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from ≤0.125 and 2 μM against M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria, respectively. The most active molecules were substituted by a longer n-alkyl from C8 to C14. Importantly, the compounds showed comparable or even several-fold lower MIC than parent isonicotinohydrazide. Based on in silico predictions, a vast majority of the derivatives share suitable physicochemical properties and struc-tural features for drug-likeness.

Conclusion:
Presented amides are promising antimycobacterial agents.
A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Hunter Catherine J. , Cai Xue , Liebe Heather L. , Golubkova Alena , Leiva Tyler 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that primarily affects the gastro-intestinal tract of premature neonates. The diagnosis and treatment of NEC remain challenging. New biomarkers and potential treatments for NEC have emerged in recent years, leading to the potential of earlier therapeutic intervention and improved outcomes. This paper aims to provide a review of the most recent diagnostic indicators and therapeutics of NEC along with a brief overview of future directions of research into this disease.
Analisa Risiko Terjadinya Keluhan Myofascial Pain Syndrome terhadap Otot Upper Trapezius pada Pegawai Puskesmas Kendalsari – Kota Malang
Authors: Rahmanto Safun , Yuliadarwati Nungki Marlian , Kusumawardana Ragil , Rosadi Rakhmad 
Published: August 2022

Analisis kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja dilakukan pada pegawai Puskesmas Kendalsari di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Sampel yang di ambil berjumlah 3 pegawai dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan. Analisis dilakukan dengan wawancara pada pegawai untuk mengetahui usia, durasi kerja, posisi kerja dan keluhan yang dirasakan. Tujuan dari analisis ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ergonomic pada pegawai puskesmas. Penilaian ke ergonomi menggunakan Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA). Dari hasil analisis pegawai puskesmas melakukan pekerjaan tersebut selama 8 jam, yaitu dari jam 07.00 hingga 15.00. Posisi duduk tidak ergonomis dalam waktu lama dengan leher membungkuk dan tangan yang lebih banyak bekerja menyebabkan permasalahan musculoskeletal pada tangan, punggung, hingga leher. Keluhan musculoskeletal yang paling banyak dirasakan adalah nyeri pada leher. Nyeri leher adalah nyeri yang dirasakan pada bagian atas tulang belakang. Nyeri leher yang dirasakan biasanya ditandai dengan adanya myofascial trigger point akibat dari kerusakan fasia pada jaringan otot sehingga dapat menimbulkan nyeri yang biasa disebut dengan myofascial pain syndrome. Gangguan ini dapat berupa nyeri lokal, stiffness, spasme, tightness, dan keterbatasan gerak dari otot tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pada pegawai puskesmas sering mengeluhkan nyeri leher dikarenakan posisi kerja yang tidak bagus dan dilakukan dalam waktu lama. Posisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis dengan durasi yang lama dapat menyebabkan Otot yang bekerja dengan abnormal akan membuat berkurangnya mikrosirkulasi, sehingga dapat menimbulkan iskemik dalam jaringan. Serabut otot menjadi ikatan tali yang abnormal membentuk taut band dan mencetuskan adanya nyeri.