bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous PV Panel Inspection With Geotagging Capabilities Using Drone
Authors: Rezk Mahmoud , Aljasmi Nawal , Salim Rufaidah , Ismail Hesham , Nikolakakos Iraklis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), photovoltaic (PV) production anticipates an increase of 10% in 2021. The rapid increase in the PV panels installation requires a robust inspection method of existing solar parks to maintain efficiency and productivity levels. With advancements in drone technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are being used to inspect the solar parks, either flown manually or autonomously. Furthermore, there are various image processing approaches to analyze the data gathered. However, current practical application techniques do not effectively localize the defective panels present within the solar farm. This paper proposes a method to inspect large-scale solar parks using an autonomous drone equipped with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and camera. The proposed method is a fully autonomous solution for inspecting PV panels, with effective detection and localization of faults. It can ease the procedure of inspection by automating it and give highly reliable results.
Injection Molded Metal-Plastic Hybrids Based on Femtosecond Laser Structuring
Authors: Yang Can , Peng Fei , Yin Xiao-Hong , He Tiefeng , Zheng Xiuhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the present work, femtosecond-pulsed laser was used to induce hierarchical hole-shaped surface micro-structures for producing metal-plastic hybrid (MPH) components using injection molding. By changing laser variables such as the scanning speed, laser power and scan repetition, hole-shaped micro-structures with different depths were obtained. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, one could find that the bottom of hole-shaped micro-structures are covered with micro-scale spherical protrusions showing cauliflower-like structures under certain processing conditions. At the same time, laser induced periodical surface structures (LIPSS) appears on the bottom and inner wall of the hole-shaped micro-structure. In addition, internal profiles of the hole-shaped microstructures were characterized using the laser confocal microscope (LCM). It’s found that laser processing parameters such as the laser scanning speed and the scan repetition show a linear relationship with the depth of the hole-shaped structure. Specifically, the micro-structure depth increases with the increase in the laser power and scan repetition, but decreases with the increase in the scanning speed. The tensile test of the injection-molded MPH joints showed that deeper hole-shaped micro-structures make significant contribution to the bonding strength of the joint. Meanwhile, the presence of multi-scale micro-structures also has positive effect on the MPH bonding strength.
Fluence As an Instrument Towards a Unified Representation of Fluiddynamic Related Phenomena
Authors: Michele Trancossi , Pascoa Jose 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to the intuition by Maurice Antony Biot, the concept of Fluence can easily describe different and interdisciplinary physical phenomena. Fluence relates directly to the number of particles that cross or hit a reference surface, directly impacting the specific problem. Moreover, when related to the time, it allows describing the flux of particles through the reference area. Therefore, the physical properties which are transported by the particles can be easily associated with specific problems with an unprecedented easiness of use.
Laser beams, particles, ions beams, acoustic and fluid dynamic problems can benefit from this concept for specific and standard description. Moreover, even if referred only to the number of particles, it avoids using complex statistical methods such as the kinetic theory of the gasses.
This paper is an homage to the work of Maurice Antony Biot and shows how the Fluence concept can be helpful in the solution of multiple physical problems.
Optimization of Riveting Assembly Process Parameters for Aviation Large Panels Based on Mesoscopic Features
Authors: Kang Yonggang , Ren Haodi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aviation large panel is an important component that constitutes the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft. It has the characteristics of large size, thin wall and weak rigidity. It is prone to produce assembly deformation during the automatic drilling and riveting assembly connection process, including the overall bending and torsion deformation of the panel, and the defects around the rivet. In this paper, through the test of automatic drilling and riveting assembly of large panels, a local sinking deformation along the axis of the long stringer is found. The cause of this deformation problem is complex and directly affects the subsequent assembly process. It is a strong coupling problem between the automatic drilling and riveting process and the elastic-plastic deformation of the rivet and its connected parts, and it has a high correlation with the meso-structure of the plate structure around the nail hole after the rivet is riveted.
Aiming at this deformation problem, this paper first established a process model of the riveting process and designed riveting test pieces with different process parameters. The effects of riveting force, riveting process time, and upper riveting cavity on the meso-structure of the riveting area are explored, and the correlation between the meso-structure of the riveting area and the riveting process parameters is analyzed. Then, based on the above research, a finite element numerical model of a typical aircraft siding riveting component structure including meso-structure is established. Through the finite element simulation calculation of the model, the coupling relationship between macroscopic deformation and mesoscopic structure is further explored, the existence of local subsidence and deformation along the axis of the long truss is verified.
Slip Suppression Control to Improve the Performance of a Mobile Cleaning Robot Under Different Road Surface Conditions
Authors: Yamatogawa Tsubasa , Morimoto Tatsuhiro , Tsuno Takaya , Shen Tian , Yano Ken’ichi , Arima Toshihiko , Fukui Shigeru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
When iron ore and coal cargo are unloaded onto a ship, some of that cargo falls, and can eventually pollute the sea. As a countermeasure, workers clean the cargo hold doors, but this dangerous activity has caused fatal accidents due to falls. The use of robots in cleaning work has a problem. That is the occurrence of slippage when a compact and lightweight robot attempts to clear a heavy obstacle. In this research, we aim to suppress slippage by controlling the driving force of the cleaning robot according to changes in the suiface conditions. We proposed a slip suppression control system that achieves slip suppression by controlling the driving force according to the estimated variation of the friction coefficient. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we produced a test course with essential features of a work site, and then we carried out a heavy load transport test of the cleaning robot. We demonstrated an effective slip suppression system for the lightweight robot that can respond to variable friction on a suiface that changes as it is cleaned.
Evaluation of Virtual Reality Interface Interaction Methods for Digital Twin Industrial Robot Programming and Control, A Pilot Study
Authors: Pizzagalli Simone , Kuts Vladimir , Bondarenko Yevhen , Otto Tauno 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Extended Reality (XR) interfaces for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) allow for safe and flexible control and programming of advanced industrial systems and integrate the operator as part of the Digital Twins (DT) interfaces of real collaborative systems. These technologies already show their potential in real-life scenarios by providing valuable training, quality control, maintenance, remote control and assistance tools. XR could also favor the development of new metrics and methods in human-robot collaboration (HRC) by providing safe and reproducible testbeds for the standardization of HRI in collaborative scenarios. This can be achieved by attaining a reliability level that would avoid the degradation of user experience in HRI. XR DT systems and interfaces need to be assessed on their impact on the operator, but also in terms of interaction efficacy and efficiency within the virtual scenario. This evaluation should be performed on both virtual reality (VR) visualization and interaction hardware and virtual user interfaces (VUI) in immersive scenarios. There is a lack of evaluation of performance and usability of VUI input methods. Our work aims at assessing three types of input paradigms with a VUI controlling a DT robot arm in a simple pick and place task and which can be based on different VR controller devices. Objective metrics are collected during the task while NASA TLX, SUS and UEQ are used to assess user workload, usability of the system and user experience for each interaction method.
A Comprehensive Analysis of an Electrolytic Hydrogen Production System Based on Solar Radiation for the Generation of Clean Energy
Authors: Mas Ronald , Antoniou Antonios , Celis Cesar , Berastain Arturo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of electrolytic hydrogen production systems based on solar radiation is carried in this work. In the referred analysis, directly coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer hydrogen production systems were studied. Specifically, the studied systems were split into three subsystems, (i) photovoltaic (PV) power production, (ii) electrolyzer based hydrogen production, and (iii) hydrogen storage in tanks, each of them having its own model considerations and restrictions. Detailed mathematical models for the referred subsystems, including different photovoltaic and electrolyzer related technologies, have been developed and utilized in the analyses performed here. In particular, employing the aforementioned mathematical models, a modeling and simulation platform has been developed. Once developed, such platform has been used to parametrically study the behavior of entire hydrogen production systems, accounting for key variables such as solar irradiance, photovoltaic modules and electrolyzer cells temperature, and hydrogen production rate. Several plant designs options have been firstly determined and from the obtained results a specific one has been selected to further assessments. The particular system studied here is currently in the design phase so the outcomes from this work will be used in future for not only properly sizing it but also building and testing it. It is expected that the implementation of large-scale green hydrogen production plants will reduce the impact of energy production systems on both health and environment.
Flow Disturbance Generators Based on Oscillating Cylinders With Attached Splitter Plates
Authors: Hughes Michael , Mook Mariah , Jenkins Michael , SureshBabu Arun Vishnu , Gopalarathnam Ashok , Bryant Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The interaction between upstream flow disturbance generators and downstream aeroelastic structures has been the focus of several recent studies at North Carolina State University. Building on this work, which observed the modulation of limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) in the presence of vortex wakes, this study examines the design and validation of a novel disturbance generator consisting of an oscillating cylinder with an attached splitter plate. Analytical design of the bluff body was performed based on specific flow conditions which produced LCO annihilation in previous studies. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and experimental wind tunnel tests were used to validate the ability of the new disturbance generator to produce the desired wake region. Future work will see the implementation of this novel design in conjunction with aeroelastic structures in an effort to modulate and control LCOs, including the excitation and annihilation thereof.
A Comparison of Visco-Hypoelastic and Visco-Hyperelastic Model to Predict the Elastic Strain Energy for Articular Cartilage of Knee Joint
Authors: González-Navarrete Roberto , Vidal-Lesso Agustín , Plascencia Mora Héctor , Huerta-Jacobo Xavier Ulises 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work is to propose a viscoelastic material model for human cartilage tissue that allows simulating its structural stiffness and elastic strain energy that absorbs per unit volume.
For this, experimental data reported from flat cylindrical indentation test on human samples of seven patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis (N = 7) were used. These data allowed the use of one linear model and the adjustment of two non-linear material models, a visco-hypoelastic (VE) and a visco-hyperelastic (VHE) model. The finite element models for the indentation test considered the indenter as a rigid body, the cartilage and subchondral bone as deformable bodies. The indentation force (F, material model structural reaction) and resilience modulus (Er, elastic strain energy per unit volume) were considered as validation parameters.
The results suggest that largest differences respect to experimental data were found with the linear model (up to 44.33% for Er and 21.75% for F). The best model to reproduce the indentation force was the VHE (mean difference of 3.37±1.03%), while for the elastic strain energy per unit volume, the best model was the VE (mean difference of 16.65±12.74%).
Digital Thread Approach for Smart-Collaborative Robotic Cell
Authors: García Martínez Rubén Febronio , Urbina Coronado Pedro Daniel , Valdivia Puga José Abraham , Ahuett Garza Horacio , Orta Castañon Pedro Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Smart Manufacturing advances have recently emerged, focused on the integration of Digital Thread (DTh) and Digital Twin (DT). DTh-DT has been explored in additive manufacturing, aircraft production, and weapons. However, there is still an area of opportunity to explore DTh-DT in collaborative manufacturing cells, layouts, and specifically, in the creation of a system to make an intelligent robotic cell.
This work provides a novel approach of a DTh-DT developed to function within a manufacturing robotic cell. A discrete event simulation (DES) was created with open-source programming software, representing the cell. Information is collected from the physical process and sent to a cloud service. The DES request the data from the cloud is executed and the results are received by a database, which works with a Server (Ignition 8.0). The Server receives data and displays results, working as the link between the DT and the Product Lifecycle. This work presents a quick look at a DTh applied to a robotic cell, an approach to a DT, and the use of different types of communications and platforms. The potential benefits of applying this type of configuration in an Industry 4.0 environment are described and critically reviewed.
Mechanical Properties and Durometer Testing Relationship of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Romero-Ramirez Edwar , Clarke Charisma , Siddiqui Sanna F. , Carbajal Gerardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of various additive manufacturing processing parameters on thermoplastic polyurethane’s mechanical properties and the durometer hardness testing were evaluated. Additive manufacturing of thermoplastics is a rapidly growing field in many areas, from hobbyists to manufacturing industries. Parts are built layer by layer following the slicing software settings that convert a 3D object into a group of 2D regions that resembles CNC code. There is a need to understand how the mechanical properties are affected by the process parameters compared to traditional injection molding manufacturing. This thermoplastic has use in many automotive industry applications and consumer products because of its elasticity and high abrasion resistance. A generic thermoplastic polyurethane, also known as flexible TPU, with Shore A durometer hardness of 95 was used for this task. It was found that the number of solid layers impacts the mechanical properties higher than other printing parameters. Maximum tensile strength of up to 51.4±6.0 MPa for 84.1±3.8 Shore A durometer hardness was measured.
Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Winglets of Modern Sailplanes
Authors: Kästner Jens , Epple Philipp , Steppert Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work the aerodynamic performance of winglets of modern sailplanes were investigated. First isolated wings with winglets were designed and investigated and compared to the wings without winglets, showing the fundamental working principle and effectiveness of winglets. Then a complete sailplane was designed with an integrated inviscid flow method with XFLR5 [1] combined with Navier-Stokes CFD with Siemens PLM STAR CCM+ computations. In such a way a modern sailplane was designed for operation with winglets. Using this modern sailplane design the impact of winglets on sailplanes was investigated in detail. This modern sailplane was simulated with CFD in the configurations without winglets and with two modern advanced winglets and their aerodynamic characteristics and performance were investigated and compared. All aerodynamic results are analyzed and shown in detail.
Behavior of Cell Flowing Over Oblique Micro Rectangular Groove
Authors: Hashimoto Shigehiro , Yonezawa Hiroki , Uehara Shogo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Is it possible to distinguish cells with minimally-invasive method according to the characteristics of cells when moving through the flow path in vitro? A microflow channel with 45 degrees diagonal microgrooves against the mainstream direction has been manufactured by photolithography technique. The flow path between the two transparent PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) disks (0.05 mm high, 1 mm wide, and 25 mm long) has a rectangular microgroove (4.5 μm deep, 0.2 mm long) at the bottom with variations in groove widths (0.03 mm, 0.04 mm, and 0.05 mm). The deformation and direction change of floating mouse-myoblasts (C2C12) during passage over the microgroove were measured. The experimental result shows that the change in angle tends to be smaller for cells with larger shape changes in the groove. This method may be applicable to classification by cell deformability.
Effect of Single and Multiple Protuberances on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Bapat Archit , Salunkhe Pramod , Varpe Mahesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wind energy currently contributes to nearly 5% of our global electricity production and plays a vital role amongst other renewable energy resources. This work aims to numerically investigate the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 634-021 blade with single and multiple spanwise leading-edge protuberances. Different configurations of protuberances viz. continuous and equally spaced intermittent profiles are evaluated for aerodynamic performance. The numerical simulations showed that stall onset is preponed by the protuberance, however, the performance is improved in the post-stall regime. At 27° angle of attack, the continuous protuberances led to the performance improvement of 44%, whereas intermittent protuberances enhanced the blade performance by 37%. Negligible improvement was observed with a single protuberance. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the formation of counter-rotating vortex pair and their interaction with the retarding boundary layer imparts much-needed momentum and plays a significant role in controlling the stall inception. At higher post-stall angle of attack, the continuous protuberances supersede all other cases.
Measurement of Residual Stresses in Laser 3D Printed Train Rail using X-Ray Diffraction Technique
Authors: Mortazavian Ershad , Wang Zhiyong , Teng Hualiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Repairing worn steels using laser powder deposition (LPD) is the focal point of most of the recent studies. The LPD process resides large, anisotropic stresses, which adversely affects the fatigue life. This study investigated residual stresses in a 136RE rail that is repaired via LPD. Residual stresses were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The spikes on the repaired rail sample were discovered using a stylus profiler, and showed peak heights higher than the X-ray penetration depth. This resulted in measuring low stresses due to the interruptions to X-ray beam by the spikes. The sample was polished to eliminate those spikes. However, XRD stress measurement then showed higher stresses than expected, because of the induced stresses on the surface during polishing. Hence, the surface materials were removed by etching to release those stresses. The etched sample was used to measure stress distribution in the repaired rail. The highest tensile values were found at the first and last deposition layers. Comparing the measured stresses (∼250–300 MPa) against the deposition material yield strength (∼215 MPa) indicates a great risk of early cracking. Preheating and post-heating were suggested as viable techniques to reduce the undesirable tensile stresses.
3D-Printed Laboratory Equipment for Vibrations and Control Theory Courses: Pendulum, Cantilever Beam, and Rectilinear System
Authors: Garcia Martin , Estrada Benji , Lucier Elizabeth , Tekes Coskun , Utschig Tris , Tekes Ayse 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Learning by doing has proven to have numerous advantages over traditionally taught courses in which the instructor teaches the topic while students remain passive learners with little engagement. Although laboratories give hands-on opportunities for undergraduate mechanical engineering students, they have to wait for a semester for the lab course for instance the prerequisite of the vibrations and control laboratory is the mechanical vibrations course. Since the nature of the dynamics branch consisted of dynamics, vibrations, and control theory courses are highly mathematical, students struggle comprehending the introduced topic and relate the theory to its real-world application area. Furthermore, it’s almost impossible for an instructor to bring the existing educational laboratory equipment to the class since they are bulky and heavy. The advents in manufacturing technology such as additive manufacturing bring us more opportunities to build complex systems new materials.
This study presents the design, development, and implementation of low-cost, 3D printed vibratory mechanisms to be utilized in mechanical vibrations, control theory courses along with their associated laboratories. A pendulum, cantilever beam integrated with springs, and a rectilinear system consisted of two sliding carts, translational springs, and a scotch yoke mechanism are designed. The main parts of the mechanisms are 3D printed using polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).