bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL CONCETTO DI VALENZA IN ITALIA: VAILATI PRECURSORE DI TESNIÈRE
Authors: Branciforti Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

Vailati è stato uno degli studiosi più eminenti del primo Novecento. Figura eclettica, ha spaziato in diversi campi del sapere, dalla matematica alla filosofia, alla linguistica. In uno dei suo ultimi articoli, analizzando il linguaggio in generale e quello dell’algebra in particolare, che ritiene dotato di un lessico e di una sintassi paragonabili al lessico e alla sintassi del linguaggio verbale, approfondisce in modo originale i concetti di transitivà e di relazione, e arriva ad abbozzare per il linguaggio verbale un modello che in seguito avrà grande fortuna e che prenderà il nome, dopo la pubblicazione dell’opera del linguista francese Lucien Tesnière, di modello valenziale. Oggi questo modello è alla base delle più recenti analisi linguistiche, perciò ritornare al pensiero di Vailati, a colui cioè che per primo lo ha delineato, già nella sua versione più ampia, considerando dotati di valenza non solo i verbi ma anche i nomi e gli aggettivi, è sembrato di rilevante importanza, specialmente perché l’informazione è poco conosciuta. Riprendere le sue idee, spesso profonde e sottili, è inoltre importante per capire quanto alto sia stato agli inizi del Novecento il livello raggiunto dal pensiero italiano, in grado di dialogare con il pensiero europeo e extraeuropeo e di concepire contributi nuovi e di valore.

The concept of valence in Italy: Vailati precursor of Tesnière
Vailati was one of the most eminent scholars of the early twentieth century. An eclectic figure, he spanned different fields of knowledge, from mathematics to philosophy and linguistics. In one of his last articles, he analyzed language in general and algebraic language in particular, which he considered as having a lexicon and syntax comparable to the lexicon and syntax of verbal language. In this paper he deepened the concepts of transitivity and relationship in an original way and sketched a model for verbal language that would later have great success and become known, after the publication of the work of the French linguist Lucien Tesnière, as the “Valential model”. Today this model is the basis of the most recent linguistic analyses, so it is important to go back to Vailati’s thought and outlines - where he considered not only verbs but also nouns and adjectives – especially because this information is not very well known. Summing up his often deep and subtle ideas is also important in understanding the height of Italian thought at the beginning of the twentieth century, able to dialogue with the European and extra-European thought and conceive of new and valuable contributions.
«VIRTUOSI SENZA CUJONI!» TRA ITALIANO, LATINO E TEDESCO NELLE LETTERE DI LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
Authors: De Fazio Debora 
Published: January 2022

L’articolo si occupa di analizzare alcune espressioni in italiano (non solo di carattere musicale) che compaiono dell’epistolario di Ludwig van Beethoven. L’uso della nostra lingua concorre, con il latino e il tedesco, a caratterizzare la scrittura del grande musicista, fra calembours, giochi di parole, frasi fatte, citazioni, invettiva e turpiloquio.

«Virtuosi senza cujoni!» Italian, Latin and German in the letters of Ludwig van Beethoven
The paper analyzes some expressions in Italian (not only of a musical nature) that appear in Ludwig van Beethoven’s correspondence. The use of our language contributes, with Latin and German, to characterize the writing of the great musician, including calembours, puns, clichés, quotations, invective and foul language.
MATERIALS AND RESOURCES FOR TEACHING ITALIAN PRAGMATICS
Authors: Bicciato Stella 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to describe the materials and the resources utilized for teaching Italian pragmatics, both in foreign and second language contexts. 139 teachers of Italian answered an online questionnaire which elicited information about the materials and resources they used in the classroom as well as information regarding their teaching techniques. Their answers were clustered into five main categories. The results revealed that the most commonly used materials were printed, audiovisual, self-produced, students’ oral production and digital materials. Within these categories, textbooks (printed materials) and videos (audiovisual material) were considered as the most preferred materials by the teachers. Regarding teaching techniques, the most frequently used by teachers were role plays, watching videos and listening exercises. The findings of the present study suggest that textbooks, the main resource for teaching pragmatics, should be implemented with specific activities on this topic. By receiving guidelines, teachers could appropriately teach pragmatics in their classes without the need to create their own materials.

Materiali e risorse per l’insegnamento della pragmatica italiana
Questo studio mira a descrivere i materiali e le risorse utilizzate per l’insegnamento della pragmatica italiana, sia in contesti di lingua straniera che di lingua seconda. 139 insegnanti di italiano hanno risposto a un questionario online predisposto allo scopo di raccogliere informazioni sui materiali e le risorse che usavano in classe e sulle loro tecniche di insegnamento. Le risposte degli insegnanti sono state raggruppate in cinque principali categorie. I risultati hanno rivelato che i materiali più comunemente usati sono a stampa, audiovisivi, autoprodotti, produzione orale degli studenti e digitali. All’interno di queste categorie, i libri di testo (materiali stampati) e i video (materiale audiovisivo) sono i materiali preferiti dagli insegnanti. Per quanto riguarda le tecniche di insegnamento, le più utilizzate dagli insegnanti risultano essere i giochi di ruolo, la visione di video e gli esercizi di ascolto. I risultati del presente studio suggeriscono che i libri di testo, la risorsa principale per l’insegnamento della pragmatica, dovrebbero essere implementati con attività specifiche a questo dedicate. Disponendo di linee guida, gli insegnanti potrebbero insegnare in modo appropriato la pragmatica nelle loro classi senza avere la necessità di creare materiali propri.
LA SFIDA DELLA DIDATTICA A DISTANZA IN UNA UNIVERSITÀ SUDANESE: LA VALUTAZIONE DEGLI STUDENTI E I RISULTATI NEI CORSI DI LINGUA ITALIANA
Authors: Naranjo Jorge , Molineri Ilaria 
Published: January 2022

Le università sudanesi affrontano la pandemia da COVID 19 in un contesto caratterizzato da frequenti interruzioni di corrente, accesso irregolare e limitato a internet, mancanza di preparazione dei docenti e scarse competenze digitali fra gli studenti. Questa ricerca si propone di valutare l’esperienza formativa degli studenti che hanno utilizzato la piattaforma Moodle durante il lockdown presso l’università sudanese Comboni College of Science and Technology a Khartum. I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario e le informazioni del diario del docente di italiano, con il confronto tra i voti dei corsi di italiano del primo semestre, erogato in presenza, e il secondo semestre, a distanza su piattaforma Moodle. Lo studio conclude che un corso online attentamente costruito, ricco di risorse facilmente disponibili e su misura per soddisfare la scarsa connettività Internet, metodi di valutazione integrati e modalità di erogazione del corso adatte può garantire il rispetto degli obiettivi del corso e dei risultati di apprendimento.

The challenge of distance learning in a Sudanese university: student evaluation and results in Italian language courses
Sudanese higher education institutions faced the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in a context characterized by frequent power cuts, irregular and limited access to the internet, lack of preparedness of the teaching staff and very limited digital skills among students. This study aims to assess the learning experience of university students who used a Learning Management System (LMS), Moodle, during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic at Comboni College of Science and Technology in Khartoum. The data for the assessment were collected from a questionnaire distributed among the students, the diary of the lecturer of Italian and the comparison between the final marks of the courses of Italian Language, obtained in the first semester under ordinary conditions, and in the second semester, after the use of the LMS. The study concludes that a carefully constructed online course, rich in resources easily available and tailored to comply with scarce internet connectivity, integrated assessment methods and course delivery modes can guarantee compliance with the course objectives and learning outcomes.
EVALUATION OF THE SECURITY OF THE USE OF GUAJAVA PSIDIUM EXTRACT CAPSULE ON HEART FUNCTION IN DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HEMORAGIC FEVER PATIENTS IN TYPE C HOSPITAL
Authors: Agamasi Amalia , Darmawan Endang , Akrom  
Published: January 2022

There are 126,675 DHF sufferers in 34 provinces and 1,229 of them died, while the Incidence Rate (IR) in Central Java is 47.9 per 100,000 population. Based on the safety of Psidium guajava Linn on the liver by calculating the lethal dose average showed that there were no deaths from the two experimental models of Swiss mice and Wistar mice in the dose range up to 2,000 mg/kg BB. Safety tests in rats proved lethal dose 50 (LD50) of guava leaf extract more than 5 g/kg. This study aims to determine the effect of psidii capsules containing guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava Linn.) toward levels (SGOT and SGPT) of DF and DHF patients in PKU Muhammadiyah Wonosobo Hospital. This study belongs to perspective cohort analytic observational using blood plasma patients of PKU Muhammadiyah Wonosobo Hospital of 37 patients in the period of March to August 2018 which were divided into two groups, namely standard therapy + guava leaf extract capsules and the group receiving standard therapy only. Dosage of Psidium guajava 3x2 capsules for 3 to 4 days. Examination of SGOT and SGPT levels used UV-vis spectrophotometry. General linear model was used for analyzing the data. The average SGOT level after treatment was 64 U/L in DF and 99 at DHF while the SGPT levels were 30 U/L and 35 U/L. Average levels of SGOT and SGPT decreased. There were no differences in SGOT and SGPT mean of DF and DHF patients in the two groups after giving guava leaf extract capsules with p>0.05. In SGOT mean, there was an increase in SGOT after giving guava leaf extract probably because there were patients who had chronic liver disorders.

Keywords: Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Guava extract capsule, SGOT SGPT
DIAGNOSIS KESULITAN BELAJAR DAN PERBAIKAN BELAJAR (REMEDIAL)
Authors: Yunus Sahrial 
Published: January 2022

Diagnosis is the endeavor or process of determining the nature of a person's weakness or disease via meticulous testing and examination of the symptoms. A thorough examination of the facts surrounding a subject in order to ascertain fundamental qualities or errors, and so on, in order to determine that the notion of diagnosis encompasses the concept of prognosis. Thus, diagnostic work entails not only determining the nature, characteristics, and context of a given weakness or sickness, but also attempting to forecast its potential and offering a solution. Before teachers can make improvements to students' learning, they must first diagnose learning issues, which includes defining the types and reasons of difficulties, as well as possible solutions. Efforts to improve learning include the following steps: (1) Prognosis for planning/programming activities likely to assist pupils in overcoming their learning challenges (2) Treatment is the planning/programming of activities aimed at assisting students with learning issues; treatment here refers to assisting the student in accordance with the program developed during the prognosis stage. (3) The purpose of this evaluation is to determine whether the treatment described above was effective, and/or whether there was progress or even failure.
Penerimaan Pengguna Terhadap Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rekam Medis (SIMRM) Di RSUD Tebet Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2021
Authors: Alpiyani Anggi , Nanda Aula Rumana  , Daniel Happy Putra  , Laela Indawati  
Published: January 2022

Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tebet, South Jakarta, has been using a computerized management information system for medical record services called the Hospital Information System (HIS) since 2017. The presence of the Medical Record Management Information System (SIMRM) at the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tebet, has brought many influences to services. Along with the implementation of SIMRM, it is necessary to assess whether the system is running properly and has been accepted by its users, in this case the medical record officer. The research method used The research method that the researcher uses is a quantitative descriptive method using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess the perception of technology users as seen from 5 constructs, namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness. , perceptions of attitudes toward using, behavioral intention to use and actual usage by distributing questionnaires to 16 respondents consisting of 7 medical record unit officers and 9 registration unit officers. The results showed that the average user acceptance of SIMRM in South Jakarta Hospital as seen from the 5 TAM constructs was 75% received and 25% did not receive which means SIMRM was received by the user. It is recommended for the hospital to conduct socialization and training in accordance with the needs of officers.
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: A Report on Two Cases
Authors: Jawad Oumerzouk , Raymond Klevor , Mohamed Chraa , Nissrine Louhab , Najib Kissani 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this article is to investigate the link between chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. CNS demyelinating disorders in IBD are rare complications and are due to a dysimmune mechanism. We report the clinical cases of two patients followed for IBD. The first patient had Crohn’s disease for 12 years and developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) 1 month after the first course of the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-alpha), infliximab. The second patient, treated for ulcerative colitis with salazopyrin, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) 5 months after the start of her disease. MS and optic neuritis remain the inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS most frequently associated with IBD. The activation of T lymphocytes during IBD plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of MS and ADEM in a genetically predisposed population. It is currently recommended that patients with IBD be evaluated clinically and by MRI for subclinical demyelinating lesions in order to guide therapeutic management.
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking
Authors: Sunday Noah Akpan 
Published: January 2022

Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99 μm in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1 μm and 3.38 μm respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30–50%, 15–35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20–30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.
A Coupled Viscous/Potential-Flow Method for the Prediction of Propulsor-Induced Maneuvering Forces
Authors: Warren C. L. , Taylor T. E. , Kerwin J. E. 
Published: January 2022

A technique for the analysis of propulsor-induced maneuvering forces on the surface and underwater vehicles has been developed. The method is capable of modeling general propulsors but is especially suited to complex integrated propulsors and their highly contracting stern flows. Integrated propulsors exhibit strong interactions of the blade-rows, duct, and vehicle stern. The method described herein is a robust means to analyze propulsor-induced maneuvering forces, including those arising from complex propulsors.
The heart of the maneuvering force prediction is a three-dimensional, unsteady lifting surface method for the calculation of blade forces on both rotors and stators. The lifting surface method includes features that are important for the modeling of complex propulsors.
Temporally-varying forces are computed for a blade-row rotating in a spatially-varying flow field. The spatially-varying flowfield around a maneuvering vehicle is obtained by coupling the unsteady lifting-surface method with a three-dimensional, time-averaged Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes viscous flow solver. The coupled technique allows the designer to compute maneuvering forces while accounting for effective wake issues and propulsor-hull interactions. Issues important to the coupling of a potential-flow method and a three-dimensional viscous flow solver are discussed.
Verification of the method has been performed on a variety of geometries and vehicles. Two examples are shown. Preliminary results show that the method is able to compute propulsor-induced maneuvering forces for such vehicles. The results suggest that this maneuvering force prediction method has great potential for the propulsor designer.
Anti-singing Edge Effect on Propeller Open Characteristics
Authors: Hasuike Nobuhiro , Yamasaki Shosaburo 
Published: January 2022

Generally, the propeller is applied with an anti-singing trailing edge for the prevention of irregular noise resulted from Karman vortices generated from the trailing edge of the propeller. It is well known that the anti-singing trailing edge exercises a greater effect on propeller open characteristics (POC in short) and propeller shaft speed, the effect of which is to be taken into account when propeller pitch is decided accordingly. On the other hand, in the propeller open test (POT in short), the finished accuracy of the trailing and leading edges greatly influences test results; however, it is difficult to attain higher accuracy on the very thin trailing edges of the propeller model. As a result, the effect of the anti-singing trailing edge is studied experientially in spite of a greater effect of the anti-singing trailing edge upon the POC.
With this research based on the POT using 400 mm diameter model propellers in the two different conditions, without (case-A) and with (case-BJ the application of anti-singing trailing edge, the POC prediction was made through several calculations by means of potential flow theory (lifting surface, source and quasi-continuous vortex lattice method (SQCM in short), surface panel method) and generally applicable CFD.
Although the calculation results by the potential flow theory overestimated the values of differences of thrust and torque between case-A and case-B respectively, the CFD calculation result showed a closer agreement with the POT results.
Finally, a reasonable agreement was verified between the CFD calculation result and the sea trial results with the full-scale vessel.
Metabarcoding of the phytotelmata ofPseudalcantarea grandis(Bromeliaceae) from an arid zone
Authors: Herrera-García José Alan , Martinez Mahinda , Zamora-Tavares Pilar , Vargas-Ponce Ofelia , Hernández-Sandoval Luis , Rodríguez-Zaragoza Fabián Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPseudalcantarea grandis(Schltdl.) Pinzón & Barfuss is a tank bromeliad that grows on cliffs in the southernmost portion of the Chihuahuan desert. Phytotelmata are water bodies formed by plants that function as micro-ecosystems where bacteria, algae, protists, insects, fungi, and some vertebrates can develop. We hypothesized that the bacterial diversity contained in the phytotelma formed in a bromeliad from an arid zone would differ in sites with and without surrounding vegetation. Our study aimed to characterize the bacterial composition and putative metabolic functions inP. grandisphytotelmata collected in vegetated and non-vegetated sites.MethodsWater from 10 individuals was sampled. Five individuals had abundant surrounding vegetation, and five had little or no vegetation. We extracted DNA and amplified seven hypervariable regions of the 16S gene (V2, V4, V8, V3–6, 7–9). Metabarcoding sequencing was performed on the Ion Torrent PGM platform. Taxonomic identity was assigned by the binning reads and coverage between hit and query from the reference database of at least 90%. Putative metabolic functions of the bacterial families were assigned mainly using the FAPROTAX database. The dominance patterns in each site were visualized with rank/abundance curves using the number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per family. A percentage similarity analysis (SIMPER) was used to estimate dissimilarity between the sites. Relationships among bacterial families (identified by the dominance analysis and SIMPER), sites, and their respective putative functions were analyzed with shade plots.ResultsA total of 1.5 million useful bacterial sequences were obtained. Sequences were clustered into OTUs, and taxonomic assignment was conducted using BLAST in the Greengenes databases. Bacterial diversity was 23 phyla, 52 classes, 98 orders, 218 families, and 297 genera. Proteobacteria (37%), Actinobacteria (19%), and Firmicutes (15%) comprised the highest percentage (71%). There was a 68.3% similarity between the two sites at family level, with 149 families shared. Aerobic chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were the main metabolic functions in both sites, followed by ureolysis, nitrate reduction, aromatic compound degradation, and nitrogen fixation. The dominant bacteria shared most of the metabolic functions between sites. Some functions were recorded for one site only and were related to families with the lowest OTUs richness. Bacterial diversity in theP. grandistanks included dominant phyla and families present at low percentage that could be considered part of a rare biosphere. A rare biosphere can form genetic reservoirs, the local abundance of which depends on external abiotic and biotic factors, while their interactions could favor micro-ecosystem resilience and resistance.