bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of the 18F-FDG PET/CT cutoff value for metabolic parameters was performed as a prediction model to evaluate risk factors for endometrial cancer.
Authors: Ye Yang , Zhao Zhi Shu , Wu Fang Su 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The study retrospectively analyzed the accuracy and predictive ability of preoperative integrated whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT for the assessment of high-risk factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).
Materials and methods
A total of 205 patients with histologically curettage-confirmed endometrial cancer who underwent preoperative PET/CT at Shanghai General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. 42 postmenopausal pathological confirmed endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) were as control. Our study evaluated the ability and optimal cutoff values of three metabolic and volumetric parameters—standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)—to predict deep myometrial invasion (DMI), endocervical stroma invasion (ESI) and lymph node metastases (LNM) in endometrial cancer. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of PET/CT were used to assess the diagnostic performance for the prediction of the above risk factors.
Results
Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG on PET/CT and histologically confirmed DMI, ESI, and LNM in endometrial carcinoma (EC) (P < 0.01), with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of 100%/100%/100%, 96.53%/98.89%/87.14%, 97.56%/99.02%/91.22%, 92.42%/92.85%/78.31%, and 100%/100%/100%, respectively. The present study showed a risk model based on optimal cutoff values for MTV and TLG of 19.6 ml/126.3 g, 20.54 ml/84.80 g and 24 ml/49.83 g to preoperatively predict DMI, ESI, and LNM, respectively, in endometrial carcinoma (P < 0.01). Patients with MTV > = 19.6 ml of MI and PET- positive LN with MTV cutoff > = 24 ml tended to predict poor OS and PFS.
Conclusions
These cutoffs of MTV and TLG in PET/CT assessment could be an independent prognostic factors to predict aggressive forms of EC.
A Green Amino Acid-based Solvent Blended with Diethanolamine Solution for CO2 Capture Using Micro-contactor
Authors: Karimi Forough , Valeh-e-Sheyda Peyvand 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The core for carbon dioxide capture is the development of green solvents for absorption processes. The current research aims at the CO2 capture process from a gas stream in a micro-contactor using an amino acid-based green technology containing diethanolamine (DEA) and L-arginine (ARG) solutions. The gas-liquid mass transfer performance has been experimentally assessed in terms of CO2 absorption efficiency (%) and volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficient (KGaV). The measurements have been carried out under liquid flow rate (QL: 3.0–9.0 ml/min), gas flow rate (QG: 120.0-300.0 ml/min) at a constant temperature of 45°C, and atmospheric pressure. The aqueous composition of the blended solution was DEA ARG (35 0 wt%), DEA ARG (31 4 wt%), DEA ARG (27 8 wt%), and DEA ARG (23 12 wt%). It was found that an increase in the solvent flow rate from 3.0 to 9.0 ml/min enhanced the absorption efficiency, KGaV, and NGaV by 2.5%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. However, an increase in the gas flow rate from 120.0 to 300.0 ml/min reduced the efficiency by 6% but improved the KGaV and NGaV by 88% and 225%, respectively. Additionally, the KGaV values followed a declining trend as the contribution of the DEA in the blended solution increased. Based on RSM modeling, the correlations for predicting the KGaV and CO2 absorption efficiency into blended DEA-Arg were successfully established versus independent process variables. According to the optimization results, the maximum absorption efficiency and KGaV were attained at 92.93% and 69.40 kmol/m3.h.kPa for QL of 9.0 ml/min, QG of 263.4 ml/min, CDEA−ARG of (23 12 wt%). Comparing the gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics of the blended DEA-ARG with conventional secondary amine, DEA, in the T-shaped micro-contactor illustrated that presence of L-arginine amino acid with high concentrations of 12 wt%, as a promoter for CO2 capture, can boost the performance of CO2 absorption process.
On the estimation of hip joint loads through musculoskeletal modeling
Authors: Tomasi Matilde , Artoni Alessio , Mattei Lorenza , Puccio Francesca Di 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Noninvasive estimation of joint loads is still an open challenge in biomechanics. Although musculoskeletal modeling represents a solid resource, multiple improvements are still necessary to obtain accurate predictions of joint loads and to translate such potential into practical utility. The present study, focused on the hip joint, is aimed at reviewing the state-of-the-art literature on the estimation of hip joint reaction forces through musculoskeletal modeling. Our literature inspection, based on well-defined selection criteria, returned eighteen works, which were compared in terms of methods and results. Deviations between predicted and in vivo measured hip joint loads were assessed through quantitative error indices. Despite the numerous modeling and computational improvements made over the last two decades, predicted hip joint loads still deviate from their experimental counterparts, which are typically overestimated. Several critical aspects have emerged that affect muscle force estimation, hence joint loads. Among them, the physical fidelity of the musculoskeletal model, with its parameters and geometry, plays a crucial role. Also, predicted joint loads are markedly affected by the selected muscle recruitment strategy, which reflects the underlying motor control policy. Practical guidelines for researchers interested in noninvasive estimation of hip joint loads are also provided.
Measures to foster a safety culture for physicians
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Koike Daisuke , Hamaguchi Noriko , Tomomatu Keiko , Tonogai Yuusuke , Aikou Kagetoshi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Horiguchi Akihiko , Shiroki Ryouichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Our hospital began a hospital-wide effort to increase incident reporting around 2012. Since then, the number of reports has increased from 1,210 in 2012 to 16,603 in 2021. However, the number of reports from physicians has not been increasing. Although several measures have been taken to address this situation, the effectiveness of such measures is still unclear. In this study, we compared the numbers of reports from physicians in detail to determine potential effective measures.Methods: We examined the numbers of physicians’ incident reports (at Fujita Health University Hospital) from April 2014 to March 2021. We focused on the reporting rate by physicians out of all incident reports, the number of reports by department, and the number of reports per person by department. We also evaluated the effect of measures and events on improving the increase in incident reports. These include a medical accident investigation system started in 2015, a simplified reporting system established in 2016 for easy reporting, complication reporting standards stipulated in 2017, awareness-raising activities at the training and liaison meetings since 2019, reporting by residents mandated in 2020, and detailed case conferences and feedback for each of the other events. The results were also comparatively examined against the results of safety culture surveys conducted by each department during the same period.Results: Physicians’ incident reporting began to increase in 2015, increasing further with the stipulation of reporting standards in 2017. When it became mandatory for residents to report at least 10 cases per year in 2020, reporting by junior residents increased markedly. Each department, including accident investigation in the clinical department, had a tendency to increase by case. Departments with a high number of reports performed better in the safety culture survey. While the number of patient complaints at hospitals has been increasing nationwide, it has been decreasing at our hospital; this is thought to be one of the effects of these measures.Conclusion: Incident reporting is indispensable in fostering a safety culture among physicians. The survey results indicated that in order to increase the number of incident reports as much as possible, it is important to clearly define the items to be reported. Furthermore, the Safety Office should establish a system for each case and develop a remedial action plan.
A nomogram prediction model for the 14-year risk of type 2 diabetes in healthy East China residents: a retrospective cohort study from 15,166 participants
Authors: Xu Tiancheng , Yu Decai , Zhou Weihong , Yu Lei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims This paper aims to develop a simple and personalized prediction model for type 2 diabetes based on physical examination data to identify high-risk populations in East China.Methods A 14-year retrospective cohort study of 15,166 nondiabetic patients undergoing annual physical examinations was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models were constructed for univariate analysis, factor selection, and predictive model building. Calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the calibration and prediction accuracy of the nomogram, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical validity of the nomogram.Results The 14-year incidence of type 2 diabetes in our study was 4.1%. We developed a nomogram that predict the risk of type 2 diabetes. The calibration curve shows that the nomogram has good calibration ability, and in internal validation, the area under our ROC curve (AUC) showed statistical accuracy (AUC = 0.865). Finally, DCA supports the clinical predictive value of this nomogram. Conclusion The nomogram of this study can serve as a simple, economical, and widely scalable tool to predict the individualized risk of type 2 diabetes in East China. Successful identification and intervention of high-risk individuals at an early stage can help to provide more effective treatment strategies from the perspectives of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
HDAC6-Dependent Deacetylation of TAK1 Enhances sIL-6R Release to Promote Macrophage M2 Polarization in Colon Cancer
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Guangying , Niu LiLing , Wang Youhui , Yang Guang , Zhu Xingwu , Yao Yuan , Zhao Gang , Wang Shaowei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a member of the HDAC family, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for tumor therapy, but the function and underlying mechanisms of HDAC6 in colon cancer are incompletely characterized. Our study showed that the infiltration ratio of M2 macrophages was increased in colon cancer tissues with high HDAC6 expression. Similarly, the knockdown of HDAC6 in colon cancer cells inhibited co-cultured macrophage M2 polarization in vitro. Analysis of the antibody chip revealed that HDAC6 promoted sIL-6R release to enhance macrophage M2 polarization. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that, mechanistically, HDAC6 interacted with transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1), deacetylated TAK1 at T178 and promoted TAK1 phosphorylation. TAK1-p38 MAPK signalling could further increase the phosphorylation and activity of ADAM17, which is responsible for shedding of IL-6R. Notably, the expression of phosphorylated TAK1 was positively correlated with HDAC6 expression and macrophage M2 polarization in human colon cancer tissues. Our study revealed a new HDAC6-TAK1-ADAM17 regulatory axis that mediates sIL-6R release and macrophage polarization in colon cancer.
The effects of urban density on the provision of multiple health-related ecosystem services
Authors: KROFT L. Emily , ZITER Carly D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cities globally are expanding at an unprecedented rate, requiring an understanding of how to grow cities in a way that minimizes environmental impact while providing ecological benefits to people. Compact cities are often advocated for due to reduced impacts on biodiversity. However, increased development within an existing urban footprint may lead to loss of ecosystem services (ES) if accompanied by a loss of green space. We use spatial data and remote sensing approaches to explore relationships between urban form and indicators of health-related ES (temperature regulation, air pollution regulation, green space accessibility) at 250 study sites across a range of percent building cover in Montreal, Canada. We ask: 1) How does building cover and associated landscape structure affect multiple biophysical indicators linked to health-based ES? 2) Is population density related to ES provision at the scale of investigation once building cover is accounted for? Relationships between building cover and ES provision varied across the studied indicators. Loss of greenspace accompanying increased building cover did not affect air quality, for example, which depended strongly on pollutant sources. However, increased building cover – and accompanying vegetation loss – was a strong driver of higher daytime temperatures. For ES provided by greenspace access, there was a trade-off between the ability to provide public vs. private greenspace; suggesting public greenspace should be prioritized to maximize ES provision. Overall, our findings support that urban densification must be pursued with consideration for the overall landscape structure, and prioritize maintenance of vegetation in particular.
Deformation behavior and its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticles in Pure Nanoparticle-modulated System
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Kuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in many practical applications. However, their deformation behaviors and the subsequent effects on their mechanical properties in pure nanoparticle-modulated systems still remain unclear. These research challenges were systematically investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations. Firstly, it was observed that both the stiffness and tensile strength of the NPs system were greatly influenced by the cohesion energy of the NPs under uniaxial tensile/compressive loads. It was also revealed that the larger the cohesion energy between neighboring particles, the stronger the stiffness and strength. Secondly, the distribution and evolution of the local virial stress component, σxx of the NPs system with varying εp of the NPs under tension and compression were also explored. Finally, the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties and deformation mode of the NPs system were discussed. These results have certain reference value for the optimal design of pure nanoparticle-modulated system materials.
Engineering of Tetanus Toxoid Loaded Polymeric Microneedle Patches
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Gulfam Shafaq , Zafar Saman , Ahmad Nadia , Jalil Najmusama Abdul , Qutachi Omar , Chang Ming-Wei , Singh Neenu , Ahmad Zeeshan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study is aimed to fabricate tetanus toxoid laden microneedle patches using a polymeric blend comprising of polyvinyl pyrollidone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as base materials and sorbitol as a plasticizer. The tetanus toxoid was mixed with polymeric blend and patches were prepared using vacuum micromoulding technique. Microneedle patches were evaluated for physical attributes such as uniformity of thickness, folding endurance, swelling profile etc. Morphological features were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. In-vitro performance of fabricated patches was studied by using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). Insertion ability of microstructures was studied in-vitro on model skin parafilm and in-vivo in albino rat. In-vivo immunogenic activity of the formulation was assessed by recording immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels and T-cell (CD4+ and CD8+) count following the application of dosage forms. Prepared patches, displaying sharp-tipped and smooth-surfaced microstructures, remained intact after 350 folding. Optimized microneedle patch formulation showed ~74 % swelling and ~85.6 % vaccine release within an hour. The microneedles successfully pierced parafilm. Histological examination of microneedle treated rat skin confirmed disruption of epidermis without damaging the underneath vasculature. A significant increase in IgG levels (~21 %), IFN-γ levels (~30 %), CD4+ (~41.5 %) and CD8+ (~48.5 %) cell count was observed in tetanus vaccine loaded microneedle patches treated albino rats with respect to control (untreated) group at 42nd day of immunization. In conclusion, tetanus toxoid loaded microneedle patches can be considered as an efficient choice for transdermal delivery of vaccine without inducing pain commonly experienced with hypodermic needles.
A 30 years follow-up study in the cadmium former polluted area in Japan: the relationship between cadmium exposure and β2-microglobulin in the urine of Japanese
Authors: Sun Xian Liang , Phuc Hoang Duc , Okamoto Rie , Kido Teruhiko , Oanh Nguyen Thi Phuong , Manh Ho Dung , Anh Le Thai , Ichimori Akie , Nogawa Kazuhiro , Suwazono Yasushi , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant. Long-term exposure to Cd may lead adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 to 2014, although they were reduced from 1986 until 2008. This aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents' renal function within 30 years after Cd-exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each participant by visiting 20 elderly Japanese (9 female and 11 male) living in the Kakehashi river basin; a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued increase to 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β2-MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd and β2-MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd-exposure ceased, age has been more strongly associated with β2-MG than Cd body burden. Moreover, renal tubular dysfunction is irreversible and worsens after exposure to Cd, with females being more sensitive to exposure.
A cross-sectional study on knowledge and behavior regarding medication usage among guardians of left-behind children: Evidence from China
Authors: Ge Qiaoyue , Zhou Yao , Sun Zeyuan , Jiang Xia , Zhang Lu , Yang Chunsong , Guo Yixin , Luo Ting , Fu Yuzhi , Xu Qunfen , Chen Yuan , Zhou Wei , Wu Qian , Lian Xianghong , Liu Zhenmi , Lin Yunzhu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge and behavior of medication use among guardians of left-behind children (LBC) and compare it with the guardians of non-left-behind children (NLBC).Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Chengdu, the center city of southwestern China from May 2020 to August 2020. A logistic regression model was conducted to assess medication-related knowledge and behavior of guardians between the LBC group and the NLBC group, adjusted for confounders. Stratified analysis was further performed.Results: The overall mean scores for knowledge and for behavior were 20.22 (standard deviation = 4.472) and 15.77 (standard deviation = 3.604), respectively. No significant difference was found in medication-related knowledge and behavior scores between LBC and NLBC guardians (P > 0.05) after adjusting for important confounders. A significant difference was only observed after adjusting for past medical history and history of present illness.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in medication usage awareness and behavior between guardians of LBC and NLBC in this study, frequent contact with the doctor was an effective method of health education that could possibly improve their health literacy.
Analysis of molecular pathologic and clinical features of 36 patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma
Authors: Yu yingying , Duan xiumei , Wang shuai , He hua , Lan shijie , Guo zhen , Wu di 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is heterogeneous and has poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the molecular pathological characteristics and find the specific gene mutation to improve the therapeutic effect. Next generation sequencing technology (NGS) was used to understand the characteristics of gene mutations, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy.Materials and Methods: 36 patients who were admitted to The First Hospital of Jilin University and Jilin Cancer Hospital and were pathologically confirmed as PSC after surgical resection from June 2011 to June 2017 were collected. Thirteen of them were successfully followed up and detailed clinical data were obtained. The NGS was used to sequence the exon of the whole oncogene. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional risk regression model was used for multivariate analysis of prognosis.Results: A total of 19 gene mutations with high frequency were found in this study. Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis showed that KRAS, BRCA1 and ALK mutations were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that KRAS mutation was an independent factor affecting the OS.Conclusion: The KRAS mutation was an independent factor affecting the OS, and the OS of patients with KRAS mutation was significantly shorter than KRAS wild type. By using NGS, PSC can be found to have characteristic gene mutation characteristics, which may guide clinical targeted therapy in the future.
Rice Leaf Disease Detection and Diagnosis Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: R Panchami , S Vinod Chandra S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Agriculture is the art and science of soil cultivation, crop production, and livestock management. The majority of the world's food is produced by agriculture, where paddy fields are most often cultivated crops and its diseases are the main problem of its loss. Rice is an example of a global crop, and India is ranked second in rice production. A technique that detects the leaf disease will greatly help farmers and agriculturists. The agriculture industry must overcome this loss due to the affected leaf diseases that bring down the production. As per studies, it is found that various types of diseases affect the leaf, such as infectious and non-infectious. This paper proposes a method to detect and diagnose rice leaf diseases with appropriate remedies. This research has considered five diseases - Leaf Blast, Hispa, Tungro, Leaf Blight and Brown Spot. Input images are segmented manually by removing their background if too many noises are seen. The model predicts the type of disease that affects the rice plant from an uploaded image or an image freshly clicked using a smartphone. Further, some preventive measures to overcome those diseases are suggested. Our model gave a sensitivity of 94.68% and a specificity of 66.66% resulting in an overall accuracy of 93%.