bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable manufacturing of clinical‐grade differentiated cardiomyocytes derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative therapy
Authors: Morita Yuika , Kishino Yoshikazu , Fukuda Keiichi , Tohyama Shugo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBasic research on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac regenerative therapy is one of the most active and complex fields to achieve this alternative to heart transplantation and requires the integration of medicine, science, and engineering. Mortality in patients with heart failure remains high worldwide. Although heart transplantation is the sole strategy for treating severe heart failure, the number of donors is limited. Therefore, hPSC‐derived CM (hPSC‐CM) transplantation is expected to replace heart transplantation. To achieve this goal, for basic research, various issues should be considered, including how to induce hPSC proliferation efficiently for cardiac differentiation, induce hPSC‐CMs, eliminate residual undifferentiated hPSCs and non‐CMs, and assess for the presence of residual undifferentiated hPSCs in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current stage of resolving these issues and future directions for realizing hPSC‐based cardiac regenerative therapy.
Grading mitral regurgitation using 4D flow CMR: Comparison to transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Ribeyrolles Sophie , Monin Jean‐Luc , Rohnean Adela , Diakov Christelle , Caussin Christophe , Monnot Sebastien , Berrebi Alain , Paul Jean‐François 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the 4D Flow Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) thresholds that achieve the best agreement with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for grading mitral regurgitation (MR).MethodsWe conducted a single‐center prospective study of patients evaluated for chronic primary MR in 2016–2020. MR was evaluated blindly by TTE and 4D Flow CMR, respectively by two cardiologists and two radiologists with decades of experience. MR was graded with both methods as mild, moderate, or severe. 4D Flow CMR measurements included MR regurgitant volume per beat (RV) and mitral anterograde flow per beat (MF). RF was obtained as the ratio RV/MF. Additionally, MF was compared to left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) by cine‐CMR.ResultsWe included 33 patients in the initial cohort and 33 in the validation cohort. Inter‐observer agreement was excellent for 4D Flow CMR ICC = .94 (95% CI, .86–.97, p < 0.0001). Using recommended TTE thresholds (30 ml, 60 ml, 30%, 50%), agreement was moderate for RV and RF. The best agreement between 4D Flow CMR and TTE was obtained with CMR thresholds of 20 and 40 ml for RV (κ = .93; 95% CI, .8–1) and 20% and 37% for RF (κ = .90; 95% CI, .7–.9). In the validation cohort, agreement between TTE and 4D Flow CMR was good with the optimal thresholds (κ = .78; 95% CI, .61–.94).ConclusionWe propose CMR thresholds that provide a good agreement between TTE and CMR for grading MR. Further studies are needed to fully validate 4D‐Flow CMR accuracy for primary MR quantification.
Trickle‐down effect of organizational trust on co‐worker trust: The moderating role of cultural dissimilarity and relationship length
Authors: Nienaber Ann‐Marie Ingrid , Holtgrave Maximilian , Biron Michal , Baumeister Viktoria Maria , Nayir Dilek Zamantili , Schewe Gerhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated trends of globalization and digitalization, making geographically dispersed teams a common practice in firms. Despite benefits derived from the members' diversity, such teams are also prone to trust deficiency. Advancing prior research, this study focuses on links between multiple referents of trust. We draw on halo and priming effects to suggest that employees' trust toward their organization could trickle‐down to trust in their co‐workers. Moreover, we highlight the moderating role of cultural dissimilarity and relationship length. Analyzing 317 relationships between Turkish employees and their co‐workers of Turkish and German cultural background, we present evidence for a trickle‐down effect of organizational trust on trust in co‐workers. We also find that the trickle‐down effect of trust is stronger when cultural dissimilarity is high than when it is low, suggesting that trust in the organizations may outweigh cultural barriers that could hamper trust between co‐workers.
Assessing ex situ genetic and ecogeographic conservation in a threatened but widespread oak after range‐wide collecting effort
Authors: Zumwalde Bethany A. , Fredlock Bailie , Beckman Bruns Emily , Duckett Drew , McCauley Ross A. , Spence Emma Suzuki , Hoban Sean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the genetic diversity and structure of in situ populations has been investigated in thousands of studies, the genetic composition of ex situ plant populations has rarely been studied. A better understanding of how much genetic diversity is conserved ex situ, how it is distributed among locations (e.g., botanic gardens), and what minimum sample sizes are needed is necessary to improve conservation outcomes. Here we address these issues in a threatened desert oak species, Quercus havardii Rydb. We assess the genetic, geographic, and ecological representation of 290 plants from eight ex situ locations, relative to 667 wild individuals from 35 in situ locations. We also leverage a recent dataset of >3000 samples from 11 other threatened plants to directly compare the degree of genetic conservation for species that differ in geographic range size. We found that a majority of Q. havardii genetic diversity is conserved; one of its geographic regions is significantly better conserved than the other; genetic diversity conservation of this widespread species is lower than documented for the 11 rarer taxa; genetic diversity within each garden is strongly correlated to the number of plants and number of source populations; and measures of geographic and ecological conservation (i.e., percent area and percent of ecoregions represented) were typically lower than the direct assessment of genetic diversity (i.e., percent alleles). This information will inform future seed sampling expeditions to ensure that the intraspecific diversity of threatened plants can be effectively conserved.
Women’s experiences in influencing and shaping small‐scale fisheries governance
Authors: Galappaththi Madu , Armitage Derek , Collins Andrea M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper synthesizes current empirical evidence on how women experience, shape and influence small‐scale fisheries (SSF) governance. Our synthesis addresses an important gap in the literature, and helps highlight the opportunities to improve women's participation in governance and advance gender equality. We identified, characterized and synthesized 54 empirical cases at the intersection of gender and SSF governance, which comprise the relevant body of literature. Our review confirms the need to embed gender in the empirical examination of SSF governance towards expanding the current evidence base on this topic. We found that the institutional contexts within which women participate reflect a broad spectrum of arrangements, including the interactions with rules and regulations; participatory arrangements such as co‐management; and informal norms, customary practices and relational spaces. We also synthesized a typology of governance tasks performed by women in SSF. The typology includes leadership roles and active participation in decision‐making; relational networking and collective action; exercising agency and legitimacy; resource monitoring; knowledge sharing; meeting attendance (with no/less participation in decision‐making); and activism and mass mobilization. Furthermore, we drew broader insights based on the patterns that emerged across the literature and highlighted implications for improving women's meaningful participation in SSF governance. For example, exploring the breadth of governance arrangements to include all governance spaces where women are active, adjusting governance arrangements to respond to current and emerging barriers, and recognizing how women's efforts link with societal values may help legitimize their representation in SSF governance. Findings of this review should be of interest to the scholarly community, practitioners and policymakers alike and inform future research agendas, policy dialogues and practice intervention.
Spanish validation of the Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children's Sibling Relationships Questionnaire
Authors: López‐Fernández Gemma , Gómez‐Benito Juana , Kramer Laurie , Barrios Maite 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children's Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (PEPC‐SRQ; Kramer & Baron, 1995) into Spanish and test its psychometric properties.BackgroundSibling relationships contribute significantly to child development; however, to date, no study has validated an instrument to assess the quality of children's sibling relationships with Spanish samples.MethodWe conducted two studies. In Study 1, the instrument underwent translation and back‐translation along with the inspection of semantic, linguistic, and contextual equivalence. In Study 2, the validity of the instrument scores was assessed by administering the translated PEPC‐SRQ to 229 mothers in Spain.ResultsThe Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a two‐factor structure that preserved the original 24 items. Both factors presented good internal consistency and were significantly correlated with other constructs.ConclusionThese results support the use of the PEPC‐SRQ in Spain.ImplicationsThe Spanish PEPC‐SRQ may now be used as a tool for the early detection of conflictual relationships between siblings and as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of targeted strategies designed to bolster children's sibling relationships. Additionally, this adaptation provides the opportunity to carry out cross‐cultural studies.
UPLC‐MS analysis and network pharmacology‐based investigation into the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of anti‐fatigue of male flowers with Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
Authors: Li Xiankuan , Deng Sha , Li Jiarong , Gong Sihan , Song Tianbao , Ge Jiaming , Zhao Ying , Zhang Jian , Ma Lin , Zheng Yanchao , Fu Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe male flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (MFEU) was a natural product that could alleviate fatigue and accelerate fatigue alleviation. Nonetheless, the active ingredients and underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to decode the active ingredients and potential action mechanisms of MFEU in the therapy of anti‐fatigue using an integrated UPLC‐MS analysis, network pharmacology approach, and cell experiments. Characterizations of chemical constituents of MFEU extract were identified by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS. The corresponding drug targets were retrieved from the drug target database and used to construct the “composite‐target‐pathway” network. The Cytoscape was used to identify potential protein targets of these MFEU components, indicating that 24 anti‐fatigue compounds in MFEU regulate 18 anti‐fatigue‐related targets in 10 signaling pathways. The 16 components of MFEU were verified at the cellular level. The results of cell experiments showed that MFEU extract (0.361 μg/ml), Caffeic acid, Deacetylasperulosidic acid, Naringenin, Acanthoside B, Geniposidic acid, Rutin, and Quercetin could promote testosterone secretion on Leydig cells at 50 μM. The MFEU extract and seven compounds in MFEU might play a role in anti‐fatigue by participating in the regulation of testosterone secretion. Finally, the results of PCR analysis showed that MFEU promotes the secretion of testosterone, which is related to CYPIIa1 and 17β‐HSD, STAR in the signal pathway of testosterone synthesis. This study provides a basis for further exploring the anti‐fatigue mechanism of MFEU, adopting the method of multi‐compound and multi‐target.
The global biogeography of soil priming effect intensity
Authors: Ren Chengjie , Mo Fei , Zhou Zhenghu , Bastida Felipe , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Wang Jieying , Zhang Xinyi , Luo Yiqi , Griffis Timothy J. , Han Xinhui , Wei Gehong , Wang Jun , Zhong Zekun , Feng Yongzhong , Ren Guangxin , Wang Xiaojiao , Yu Kailiang , Zhao Fazhu , Yang Gaihe , Yuan Fenghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimFresh carbon (C) inputs to the soil can have important consequences for the decomposition rates of soil organic matter (priming effect), thereby impacting the delicate global C balance at the soil–atmosphere interface. Yet, the environmental factors that control soil priming effect intensity remain poorly understood at a global scale.LocationGlobal.Time period1980–2020.Major taxa studiedSoil priming effect intensity.MethodsWe conducted a global dataset of CO2 effluxes in 711 pairwise soils with 13C or 14C simple C sources inputs and without C inputs from incubation experiments in which isotope‐labelled C was used to quantify fresh C‐induced rather than exudate‐induced priming.ResultsSoil priming effect intensity is predominantly positive. Soil texture and C content were identified as the most important factors associated with priming effects, with sandy soils from tropical and mid‐latitudes supporting the highest soil priming effect intensity, and soils with greater C content and fine textures from high latitudes maintaining the lowest soil priming effects. The negative association between C content and soil priming effect intensity was also indirectly driven by changing mean annual temperature, net primary productivity, and fungi : bacteria ratio. Using this information, we generated a global map of soil priming effect intensity, and found that the priming was lower at high latitudes and higher at lower latitudes.Main conclusionsGlobal patterns of soil priming effect intensity can be predicted using environmental data, with soil texture and C content playing a predominant role in explaining in priming effects. These effects were also indirectly driven by climate, vegetation and soil microbial properties. We present the first global atlas of soil priming effect intensity and advance our knowledge on the potential mechanisms underlying soil priming effect intensity, which are integral to improving the climate change and soil C dynamics components of Earth System models.
Going after the family: Transnational repression and the proxy punishment of Middle Eastern diasporas
Authors: Moss Dana M. , Michaelsen Marcus , Kennedy Gillian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiasporas play a critical role in home‐country politics by supporting social, political, and economic change therein. Yet, regimes countermobilize against activists abroad by repressing their diasporas. This paper investigates a widespread but overlooked method in the transnational repression toolkit: that of ‘proxy punishment’, that is, the abuse of family members at home as a means to manipulate and subjugate dissidents abroad. Using 246 original interviews with diaspora activists from Syria, Iran, Egypt, and Libya, the analysis demonstrates that regimes deployed five tactics against diaspora members’ non‐activist families at home: harm and confinement, threats and harassment, forced participation in regime propaganda and slander, resource deprivation, and travel bans. We then identify the mechanisms shaping how diaspora members responded to this repertoire. The paper concludes with implications for research on transnational diaspora activism, globalized authoritarianism, and collective dimensions of the repression‐dissent nexus.
How does financial agglomeration affect green development? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Wen Yinyin , Zhao Min , Tang Genli , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Hu Xingchen , Sui Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn extensive economic growth mode leads to resource depletion and environmental degradation. Green development is the best way to solve this problem. We analyzed the sample data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China from 2007 to 2019. We used the spatial Durbin model and interaction term model to study the effects of regional financial agglomeration (FA) on green development and the moderating role of green technology innovation. The results show that FA promotes local green development but inhibits the green development of neighboring areas. Because the polarization effect of the growth pole is greater than its dispersion effect, cities with high levels of FA have a strong “siphon effect” on the surrounding areas. Green technology innovation positively moderates the promoting effect of FA on green development; the higher the level of green technology innovation and the degree of emphasis on it, the stronger the promoting effect. The government should encourage green finance to promote green technology innovation and promote the green development of the regional economy. These findings provide new insights for developing countries to achieve sustainable development under environmental constraints.
Clinician perspectives on clinical decision support systems in lung cancer: Implications for shared decision‐making
Authors: Ankolekar Anshu , van der Heijden Britt , Dekker Andre , Roumen Cheryl , De Ruysscher Dirk , Reymen Bart , Berlanga Adriana , Oberije Cary , Fijten Rianne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer treatment decisions are typically made among clinical experts in a multidisciplinary tumour board (MTB) based on clinical data and guidelines. The rise of artificial intelligence and cultural shifts towards patient autonomy are changing the nature of clinical decision‐making towards personalized treatments. This can be supported by clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that generate personalized treatment information as a basis for shared decision‐making (SDM). Little is known about lung cancer patients' treatment decisions and the potential for SDM supported by CDSSs. The aim of this study is to understand to what extent SDM is done in current practice and what clinicians need to improve it.ObjectiveTo explore (1) the extent to which patient preferences are taken into consideration in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment decisions; (2) clinician perspectives on using CDSSs to support SDM.DesignMixed methods study consisting of a retrospective cohort study on patient deviation from MTB advice and reasons for deviation, qualitative interviews with lung cancer specialists and observations of MTB discussions and patient consultations.Setting and ParticipantsNSCLC patients (N = 257) treated at a single radiotherapy clinic and nine lung cancer specialists from six Dutch clinics.ResultsWe found a 10.9% (n = 28) deviation rate from MTB advice; 50% (n = 14) were due to patient preference, of which 85.7% (n = 12) chose a less intensive treatment than MTB advice. Current MTB recommendations are based on clinician experience, guidelines and patients' performance status. Most specialists (n = 7) were receptive towards CDSSs but cited barriers, such as lack of trust, lack of validation studies and time. CDSSs were considered valuable during MTB discussions rather than in consultations.ConclusionLung cancer decisions are heavily influenced by clinical guidelines and experience, yet many patients prefer less intensive treatments. CDSSs can support SDM by presenting the harms and benefits of different treatment options rather than giving single treatment advice. External validation of CDSSs should be prioritized.Patient or Public ContributionThis study did not involve patients or the public explicitly; however, the study design was informed by prior interviews with volunteers of a cancer patient advocacy group. The study objectives and data collection were supported by Dutch health care insurer CZ for a project titled ‘My Best Treatment’ that improves patient‐centeredness and the lung cancer patient pathway in the Netherlands.
Utility of polymerase chain reaction for assessment of onychomycosis during topical therapy
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Summerbell Richard C. , Nakrieko Kerry‐Ann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased detection of fungi including non‐dermatophyte molds (NDMs) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods is well‐established. However, the use of PCR to evaluate ongoing onychomycosis treatment outcome has not been investigated.MethodsNail samples from 28 patients receiving topical efinaconazole were evaluated by both KOH/culture and PCR methods across the study period. Detection of microorganisms by PCR was compared to the culture at baseline and end of study at month 24 (M24). Fungal detection by both methods was evaluated with respect to clinical cure observed as 100% visual clearance of the target toenail.ResultsBy culture, all 28 subjects were dermatophyte‐positive at pre‐treatment; only 4/28 also exhibited an NDM microorganism. According to PCR, 24/28 subjects were dermatophyte‐positive pre‐treatment, with 25/28 also exhibiting NDMs. At M24, 18/28 (64.3%) participants had negative KOH/culture results, in contrast to 4/28 (14.3%) negative PCR results. PCR showed higher rates of NDM detection than the culture at baseline as well as M24. Calculations to compare the diagnostic utility of KOH/culture versus PCR found that positive tests with both methods reliably indicate the presence of onychomycosis, but negative PCR correlated better with onychomycosis cure than did KOH/culture.DiscussionPCR confirmed a high presence of NDMs pre‐treatment, and continued presence of NDMs to M24, with unknown significance requiring further investigation. Though both KOH/culture and PCR have diagnostic limitations, PCR showed better overall utility than culture in predicting onychomycosis topical treatment outcome and should be more strongly considered for evaluation of topical therapies.
Accuracy of a new electronic nose for prostate cancer diagnosis in urine samples
Authors: Taverna Gianluigi , Grizzi Fabio , Tidu Lorenzo , Bax Carmen , Zanoni Matteo , Vota Paolo , Lotesoriere Beatrice Julia , Prudenza Stefano , Magagnin Luca , Langfelder Giacomo , Buffi Nicolò , Casale Paolo , Capelli Laura 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a new electronic nose to recognize prostate cancer in urine samples.MethodsA blind, prospective study on consecutive patients was designed. Overall, 174 subjects were included in the study: 88 (50.6%) in prostate cancer group, and 86 (49.4%) in control group. Electronic nose performance for prostate cancer was assessed using sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of electronic nose was reported as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe electronic nose in the study population reached a sensitivity 85.2% (95% confidence interval 76.1–91.9; 13 false negatives out of 88), a specificity 79.1% (95% confidence interval 69.0–87.1; 18 false positives out of 86). The accuracy of the electronic nose represented as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.821 (95% confidence interval 0.764–0.879).ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of electronic nose for recognizing prostate cancer in urine samples is high, promising and susceptible to supplemental improvement. Additionally, further studies will be necessary to design a clinical trial to validate electronic nose application in diagnostic prostate cancer nomograms.