bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for implementing pet robots in care homes and nursing homes for residents with dementia: protocol for a modified Delphi study
Authors: Koh Wei Qi , Casey Dympna , Hoel Viktoria , Toomey Elaine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPet robots are a type of technology-based innovation that have shown positive psychosocial benefits for people with dementia in residential facilities, such as improving mood and social interaction and reducing agitation. Nevertheless, little is known about how pet robots can be implemented in care homes and nursing homes for dementia care in real-world practice. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify contextualised implementation strategies for implementing pet robots into care homes and nursing homes for dementia care and (2) achieve consensus on the most relevant strategies.MethodThis study is informed by a preceding scoping review and qualitative study, which used the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify multi-level determinants of implementation (i.e. barriers and facilitators). We will use the CFIR-ERIC matching tool to identify relevant implementation strategies from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy to address these determinants. Data from the scoping review and qualitative study will be used to contextualise the generic ERIC strategies for our setting. After that, a group of key stakeholders will be consulted to further contextualise and refine these strategies. Next, a two-round modified Delphi process will be conducted. Fifty-four international expert participants including healthcare professionals and organisational leaders from care homes and nursing homes and academic researchers will be recruited through purposive sampling. During the first Delphi round, participants will be invited to rate the relevance of each implementation strategy on a 9-point Likert scale and provide comments or suggestions. Descriptive statistics will be used to identify whether consensus has been obtained. Inductive qualitative content analysis will be used to analyse and summarise textual responses for any new statements suggested by participants. Statements that do not reach consensus and new statements suggested in round 1 will be taken to the next round, which will follow the same rating process.DiscussionThis study will identify strategies for implementing pet robots in care homes and nursing homes for residents with dementia, which will have practical utility for clinicians, organisations and researchers. It will also demonstrate the practical application (and adaptation) of the CFIR-ERIC tool to identify and contextualise ERIC strategies.
2D QSAR, design, docking study and ADMET of some N-aryl derivatives concerning inhibitory activity against Alzheimer disease
Authors: Ajala Abduljelil , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon A. , Abechi Stephen E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) is an ailment that disturbs mainly people of old age. The fundamental remedial way to deal with AD depends on the utilization of AChEI. The design of new intense and particular AChEI is critical in drug discovery. In silico technique will be used to solve the above problem. A new method was established to discover novel agents with better biological activity against Alzheimer disease.ResultsA validated model was established in this research to predict the biological activities of some anti-Alzheimer compounds and to design new hypothetical drugs influenced with molecular properties in the derived model; ATS4i, MATS2e, SpMax7_BhS, Energy(HOMO)and Molecular Weight and showed good correlationR2 = 0.936,R2adj = 0.907,Q2cv = 0.88, LOF = 0.0154 andR2ext = 0.881. All the descriptors in the model were in good agreement with the 15 test set predicted values. Five compounds were designed using D35rm as a template with improved activity. The compounds have higher and better binding scores (− 10.1, − 9.4, − 9.3, − 9.1 and − 8.1 all in kcal/mol) than the approved drugs (Donepezil =  − 7.4 kcal/mol).ConclusionAs the outcome, every one of the selected and the designed compounds is created and improved as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. Despite this, the further test examines and in vivo investigations are recommended to assess the method of the activities and other pharmacological impacts on these compounds.
Transdiagnostic comparisons of intellectual abilities and work outcome in patients with mental disorders: multicentre study
Authors: Sumiyoshi Chika , Ohi Kazutaka , Fujino Haruo , Yamamori Hidenaga , Fujimoto Michiko , Yasuda Yuka , Uno Yota , Takahashi Junichi , Morita Kentaro , Katsuki Asuka , Yamamoto Maeri , Okahisa Yuko , Sata Ayumi , Katsumoto Eiichi , Koeda Michihiko , Hirano Yoji , Nakataki Masahito , Matsumoto Junya , Miura Kenichiro , Hashimoto Naoki , Makinodan Manabu , Takahashi Tsutomu , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Suzuki Michio , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: June 2022

Background
Cognitive impairment is common in people with mental disorders, leading to transdiagnostic classification based on cognitive characteristics. However, few studies have used this approach for intellectual abilities and functional outcomes.

Aims
The present study aimed to classify people with mental disorders based on intellectual abilities and functional outcomes in a data-driven manner.

Method
Seven hundred and forty-nine patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression disorder or autism spectrum disorder and 1030 healthy control subjects were recruited from facilities in various regions of Japan. Two independent k-means cluster analyses were performed. First, intelligence variables (current estimated IQ, premorbid IQ, and IQ discrepancy) were included. Second, number of work hours per week was included instead of premorbid IQ.

Results
Four clusters were identified in the two analyses. These clusters were specifically characterised in terms of IQ discrepancy in the first cluster analysis, whereas the work variable was the most salient feature in the second cluster analysis. Distributions of clinical diagnoses in the two cluster analyses showed that all diagnoses were unevenly represented across the clusters.

Conclusions
Intellectual abilities and work outcomes are effective classifiers in transdiagnostic approaches. The results of our study also suggest the importance of diagnosis-specific strategies to support functional recovery in people with mental disorders.
Investigating the relationship between euthanasia and/or assisted suicide and rates of non-assisted suicide: systematic review
Authors: Doherty Anne M. , Axe Caitlyn J. , Jones David A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) are practices that aim to alleviate the suffering of people with life-limiting illnesses, but are controversial. One area of debate is the relationship between EAS and suicide rates in the population, where there have been claims that availability of EAS will reduce the number of self-initiated deaths (EAS and suicide combined). Others claim that legislation for EAS makes it acceptable to end one's own life, a message at variance with that of suicide prevention campaigns.

Aims
To examine the relationship between the introduction of EAS and rates of non-assisted suicide and self-initiated death.

Method
We conducted a systematic review to examine the association between EAS and rates of non-assisted suicide and of self-initiated death. We searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Science Direct, until 20 December 2021. Studies that examined EAS and reported data on population-based suicide rates were included.

Results
Six studies met the inclusion criteria; four reported increases in overall rates of self-initiated death and, in some cases, increased non-assisted suicide. This increase in non-assisted suicide was mostly non-significant when sociodemographic factors were controlled for. Studies from Switzerland and Oregon reported elevated rates of self-initiated death among older women, consistent with higher rates of depressive illnesses in this population.

Conclusions
The findings of this review do not support the hypothesis that introducing EAS reduces rates of non-assisted suicide. The disproportionate impact on older women indicates unmet suicide prevention needs in this population.
Current State of Adjuvant Therapy for Melanoma: Less Is More, or More Is Better?
Authors: Lao Christopher D. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Angeles Christina , Petrella Teresa M. 
Published: June 2022

Advances in melanoma treatments over the past decade have changed the course of survival for patients. Several adjuvant therapies have been approved and are now considered standard of care for high-risk patients. These therapies have shown improvements for recurrence-free survival and distant metastases–free survival, but not overall survival, as the data are maturing. The 5-year recurrence-free survival in the COMBI-AD study, which compared dabrafenib and trametinib with placebo, was 65% and 58%, respectively. In the KEYNOTE-054 study, the recurrence-free survival at 3 years was 63.7% versus 41%. Despite these advances, approximately 50% of patients will succumb to their disease. Adjuvant therapy is considered potentially curative and avoids the morbidity of relapsed disease and the poor outcomes seen in metastatic disease. However, the lack of overall survival benefit in clinical trials of patients with high-risk stage II and stage III disease raises the question of whether it is more efficacious to treat when there is residual microscopic disease, or to wait until the disease recurs to avoid treating those who may have been cured by surgery alone. Immunotherapy also has the potential for substantial toxicity that may be lifelong; hence, discussion of risks and benefits of therapy is warranted because there should be less tolerance for substantial toxicity in the adjuvant setting. Adjuvant trials are needed that will integrate biomarkers to allow for better selection of patients who will truly benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Physical Activity Behaviors of a Middle-Age South African Cohort as Determined by Integrated Hip and Thigh Accelerometry
Authors: MICKLESFIELD LISA K. , WESTGATE KATE , SMITH ANTONIA , KUFE CLEMENT N. , MENDHAM AMY E. , LINDSAY TIM , WIJNDAELE KATRIEN , GOEDECKE JULIA H. , BRAGE SOREN 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Descriptive studies of objectively measured physical activity behaviors in African populations are rare. We developed a method of combining hip and thigh accelerometery signals to quantify and describe physical behaviors in middle-age South African men and women.

Methods
We integrated signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously during free-living, in a subsample of the Middle-age Soweto Cohort (n = 794; mean (SD) age, 53.7 (6.3) yr). Acceleration time series from the accelerometers were combined and movement-related acceleration was derived using Euclidean Norm Minus One (in milligrams), to determine total movement volume (mean Euclidean Norm Minus One) and nonmovement time (<28 mg), light-intensity physical activity (LPA; 28–85 mg), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; >85 mg); thigh pitch angle and a sleep diary were used to divide nonmovement time (in minutes per day) into sleep, awake sitting/lying, and standing. Sociodemographic factors were self-reported, and weight and height were measured.

Results
Mean (SD) wear time was 128 (48) h. Movement volume was 15.0 (6.5) mg for men and 12.2 (3.4) mg for women. Men spent more time in MVPA and sitting/lying, whereas women spent more time standing. Age was inversely associated with movement volume, MVPA, and LPA. When compared with their normal-weight counterparts, men who were overweight or obese spent less time in MVPA, whereas women who were overweight or obese spent less time in LPA and more time sitting/lying. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with total movement volume, MVPA, and time spent sleeping, and positively associated with time spent sitting/lying, in both men and women.

Conclusions
Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterization of physical behaviors that can be applied in an African population.
Midwifery-led researches for evidence-based practice: Clinical midwives engagement in research in Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Gebresilassie Keflie Yohannes , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , Wami Sintayehu Daba 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Health workers involvement in research had an impact on studies and whole system. They influence the clinical practice and help to implement evidences. Although International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) put research as one of the midwifery competencies and professional development activity, clinical midwives are poorly involved in research. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess clinical midwives engagement in research and bridge the gap through applicable strategies.

Method
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical midwives working at public health facilities of Central and North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia from September to October, 2020 G.C. A structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and entered into Epi-info version 7. Descriptive statistics was used to describe study population. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA Version 14 and significance level declared at 95% confidence interval, p-value ≤ 0.05 and respective odds ratios.

Result
Out of 335 clinical midwives, 314 were participated making the response rate 93.7%. Among the midwives, one hundred seventy two (54.8%) (95% CI: 49.08%, 60.37) have good skill on conducting a research. Clinical midwives with mothers with formal education [AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: (1.03, 3.51), currently work on referral hospitals [AOR: 2.33, 95% CI: (1.19, 4.53)] and having good level of knowledge on research [AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: (1.25, 3.82)] have significant association with having good research skill. Forty eight (15.2%) (95% CI: 11.5%, 19.7%) ever participated in research during their clinical practice. Clinical midwives who have good knowledge on research [AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: (0.14, 0.70)] are about 0.3 times less likely to participate on research than who have poor knowledge [AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: (0.14, 0.70)].

Conclusion and recommendation
Although more than half have good research skill, only a small proportion of midwives were involved in research. Capacity building activities are crucial to strengthen midwives skill on research and ensure their involvement.
Efficacy and harms of tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Piscoya Alejandro , Parra del Riego Angela , Cerna-Viacava Renato , Rocco Jonathon , Roman Yuani M. , Escobedo Angel A. , Pasupuleti Vinay , White C. Michael , Hernandez Adrian V. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
We systematically assessed benefits and harms of tocilizumab (TCZ), which is an antibody blocking IL-6 receptors, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Five electronic databases and two preprint webpages were searched until March 4, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) cohorts assessing TCZ effects in hospitalized, COVID-19 adult patients were included. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, clinical worsening, clinical improvement, need for mechanical ventilation, and adverse events (AE). Inverse variance random-effects meta-analyses were performed with quality of evidence (QoE) evaluated using GRADE methodology.

Results
Nine RCTs (n = 7,021) and nine IPTW cohorts (n = 7,796) were included. TCZ significantly reduced all-cause mortality in RCTs (RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.81–0.98, p = 0.03; moderate QoE) and non-significantly in cohorts (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.44–1.02, p = 0.08; very low QoE) vs. control (standard of care [SOC] or placebo). TCZ significantly reduced the need for mechanical ventilation (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.71–0.90, p = 0.001; moderate QoE) and length of stay (MD -1.92 days, 95%CI -3.46 to -0.38, p = 0.01; low QoE) vs. control in RCTs. There was no significant difference in clinical improvement or worsening between treatments. AEs, severe AEs, bleeding and thrombotic events were similar between arms in RCTs, but there was higher neutropenia risk with TCZ (very low QoE). Subgroup analyses by disease severity or risk of bias (RoB) were consistent with main analyses. Quality of evidence was moderate to very low in both RCTs and cohorts.

Conclusions
In comparison to SOC or placebo, TCZ reduced all-cause mortality in all studies and reduced mechanical ventilation and length of stay in RCTs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Other clinical outcomes were not significantly impacted. TCZ did not have effect on AEs, except a significant increased neutropenia risk in RCTs. TCZ has a potential role in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Real-time remote outpatient consultations in secondary and tertiary care: A systematic review of inequalities in invitation and uptake
Authors: Jones Janet E. , Damery Sarah L. , Phillips Katherine , Retzer Ameeta , Nayyar Pamela , Jolly Kate 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHealth policies in most high income countries increasingly recommend provision of routine outpatient care via remote (video and/or telephone) appointments, especially due to the pandemic. This is thought to improve access to care and promote efficiency within resource-constrained health services. There is limited evidence about the impact on existing inequalities in the invitation and uptake of health services when remote outpatient care is offered.AimTo systematically review the evidence on the offer and/or uptake of real-time remote outpatient consultations in secondary and tertiary care, assessed according to key sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsSeven electronic bibliographic databases were searched for studies reporting the proportion of patients with key characteristics (following PROGRESS Plus criteria) who were offered and/or accepted real-time remote outpatient consultation for any chronic condition. Comparison groups included usual care (face-to-face), another intervention, or offer/uptake within a comparable time period. Study processes were undertaken in duplicate. Data are reported narratively.ResultsTwenty-nine studies were included. Uptake of video consultations ranged from 5% to 78% and telephone consultations from 12% to 78%. Patients aged over 65, with lower educational attainment, on lower household incomes and without English as a first language were least likely to have a remote consultation. Females were generally more likely to have remote consultations than males. Non-white ethnicities were less likely to use remote consultations but where they did, were significantly more likely to choose telephone over video appointments (p<0.001).ConclusionsOffering remote consultations may perpetuate or exacerbate existing health inequalities in access to healthcare. More research is needed on current health disparities by sociodemographic characteristics and to explore what works well for different patient groups and why so that processes can be designed to ameliorate these health disparities.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration no:CRD42021241791.
Determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Lendado Tigabu Addisu , Tekle Tessema , Dawit Desalegn , Daga Wakgari Binu , Diro Chala Wegi , Arba Mihiretu Alemayehu , Tekle Tadese 
Published: June 2022

Objective of the studyThe objective of this study was to identify determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia,2020.MethodsAn unmatched facility-based case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care at four randomly selected hospitals from September 1 to October 30, 2020. A two-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of hospitals and study participants. The data were collected from the participants using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA Release 15. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine syphilis infection determinants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used for each explanatory variable with a 95% confidence level. A statistically significant association was declared when a p-value was less than 0.05.ResultsA total of 296 (74 cases and 222 controls) pregnant women participated, with a recruitment rate of 97.4%. In multivariate logistic regression, the likelihood of developing a maternal syphilis infection was higher in pregnant women who had more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI (1.09–11.71)]; a history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.46, 95%CI (1.32–9.08)] and used a substance [AOR = 3.39, 95%CI (1.31–8.77)].ConclusionSexual-related factors continued to be a major determinant of syphilis in pregnant women. The results suggest that there is a need to promote safe sexual behavior, raise awareness about the risk of STIs, and early diagnosis and treatment of STIs to control syphilis infection, and necessary to make the antenatal care service comprehensive for pregnant women.
Sub-national variations in general service readiness of primary health care facilities in Ghana: Health policy and equity implications towards the attainment of Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Ayanore Martin , Asampong Robert , Akazili James , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Akweongo Patricia 
Published: June 2022

Background
Service availability and readiness are critical for the delivery of quality and essential health care services. In Ghana, there is paucity of literature that describes general service readiness (GSR) of primary health care (PHC) facilities within the national context. This study therefore assessed the GSR of PHC facilities in Ghana to provide evidence to inform heath policy and drive action towards reducing health inequities.

Methods
We analysed data from 140 Service Delivery Points (SDPs) that were part of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey (PMA2020). GSR was computed using the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) manual based on four out of five components. Descriptive statistics were computed for both continuous and categorical variables. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted to assess predictors of scoring above the mean GSR. Analyses were performed using Stata version 16.0. Significance level was set at p<0.05.

Results
The average GSR index of SDPs in this study was 83.4%. Specifically, the mean GSR of hospitals was 92.8%, whereas health centres/clinics and CHPS compounds scored 78.0% and 64.3% respectively. The least average scores were observed in the essential medicines and standard precautions for infection prevention categories. We found significant sub-national, urban-rural and facility-related disparities in GSR. Compared to the Greater Accra Region, SDPs in the Eastern, Western, Upper East and Upper West Regions had significantly reduced odds of scoring above the overall GSR. Majority of SDPs with GSR below the average were from rural areas.

Conclusion
Overall, GSR among SDPs is appreciable as compared to other settings. The study highlights the existence of regional, urban-rural and facility-related differences in GSR of SDPs. The reality of health inequities has crucial policy implications which need to be addressed urgently to fast-track progress towards the achievement of the SDGs and UHC targets by 2030.
War Games: Memory, Militarism and the Subject of Play, Philip Hammond and Holger Pötzsch (eds) (2020)
Authors: Lang Patrick J. 
Published: June 2022

Review of: War Games: Memory, Militarism and the Subject of Play, Philip Hammond and Holger Pötzsch (eds) (2020)
New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 265 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50135-115-0, h/bk, USD $130.00