bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias‐Free Graphene Solid Cell to Realize the Real‐Time Observation on Dynamical Changes of Electrodes
Authors: Cheong Jun Young , Chang Joon Ha , Choe Jacob , Yuk Jong Min , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo realize the development of high‐performance electrodes materials, real‐time observation tool that can visualize dynamical changes of electrode materials upon lithiation and sodiation is highly critical. Recently, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has gained much attraction as it provides rich information on both phase and morphological transitions of electrode materials upon lithiation and sodiation in an atomic scale. Nevertheless, two significant limitations are present for current in situ TEM study: i) most of the in situ TEM experiments use a specially designed TEM holder, which is costly and suitable for use in only selective types of TEM; and ii) recently developed in situ TEM techniques with no applied bias have inherent limitations in the size of the sample (difficult for a size above 50 nm). Overcoming these two aforementioned issues, bias‐free graphene solid cells (GSCs) are now introduced, which can conduct real‐time observation of electrode materials in any size dimensions and morphologies without using bias. In this work, dynamical changes of hollow SnO2 nanotubes (NTs) are visualized upon lithiation and sodiation in real time using GSCs, where rich information is obtained on the morphology‐dependent, ion‐dependent characteristics of dynamical changes.
[4]‐Cyclo‐2,7‐Carbazole as Host Material in High‐Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs: A New Perspective for Nanohoops in Organic Electronics
Authors: Brouillac Clément , Lucas Fabien , Tondelier Denis , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Lebreton Christophe , Jacques Emmanuel , Quinton Cassandre , Poriel Cyril 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last ten years, the development of π‐conjugated nanohoops has been considerable owing to their remarkable properties. However, to date, their incorporation in organic electronic devices remains very scarce. In this work, the first high‐performance organic electronic device (i.e., phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode, PhOLED) incorporating a nanohoop ([4]‐cyclo‐N‐butyl‐2,7‐carbazole, [4]C‐Bu‐Cbz) is reported, revealing the potential of nanohoops in electronics. Thus, using the red phosphor Ir(MDQ)2(acac), the [4]C‐Bu‐Cbz‐based PhOLED displays a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.0%, a current efficiency (CE) of 20.6 cd A−1 and a power efficiency (PE) of 25.8 lm W−1 demonstrating that the charge injection, transport, and recombination are particularly efficient. This performance is significantly higher than that of its linear counterpart, N‐butyl‐2,7‐quartercarbazole ([4]L‐Bu‐Cbz), which presents an EQE of 11.1%, a CE of 13.0 cd A−1 and a PE of 15.7 lm W−1. The significant difference, in terms of device performance, between cyclic and acyclic compounds provides a new basis to construct high‐performance electronic devices. This study, which includes optical, electrochemical, morphological, and charge transport properties, shows that nanohoops can be efficiently used as organic semiconductors in electronics and opens the way to their practical uses in high‐performance optoelectronic devices, which is now the next stage of their evolution.
Modified Spatially Confined Strategy Enabled Mild Growth Kinetics for Facile Growth Management of Atomically‐Thin Tungsten Disulfides
Authors: Wang Qun , Wang Shi , Li Jingyi , Gan Yichen , Jin Mengtian , Shi Run , Amini Abbas , Wang Ning , Cheng Chun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used to produce high quality 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs). However, violent evaporation and large diffusivity discrepancy of metal and chalcogen precursors at elevated temperatures often result in poor regulation on X:M molar ratio (M = Mo, W etc.; X = S, Se, and Te), and thus it is rather challenging to achieve the desired products of 2D TMDCs. Here, a modified spatially confined strategy (MSCS) is utilized to suppress the rising S vapor concentration between two aspectant substrates, upon which the lateral/vertical growth of 2D WS2 can be selectively regulated via proper S:W zones correspond to greatly broadened time/growth windows. An S:W‐time (SW‐T) growth diagram was thus proposed as a mapping guide for the general understanding of CVD growth of 2D WS2 and the design of growth routes for the desired 2D WS2. Consequently, a comprehensive growth management of atomically thin WS2 is achieved, including the versatile controls of domain size, layer number, and lateral/vertical heterostructures (MoS2‐WS2). The lateral heterostructures show an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This study advances the substantial understanding to the growth kinetics and provides an effective MSCS protocol for growth design and management of 2D TMDCs.
Multiwavelength Color Switching from Polyaniline‐Viologen Bilayer: Inching toward Versatile All‐Organic Flexible Electrochromic Device
Authors: Ghosh Tanushree , Kandpal Suchita , Rani Chanchal , Bansal Love , Tanwar Manushree , Kumar, Rajesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSearch for a versatile flexible all‐organic liquid electrolyte‐less solid–state electrochromic device continues. In this quest, a polyaniline‐Viologen‐(PANI‐EV)‐based electrochromic device has been reported and designed based on the complementary redox behavior and easy processibility. Electrochromic electrodes are first individually characterized before the device fabrication, to check their compatibility. The polyaniline electrode is electrodeposited and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman techniques followed by bias dependent absorbance measurements to understand its color switching capabilities. In situ kinematics are performed on the finished solid–state device and electrochromic performance have been measured. An improved electrochromic performance can be observed as evident from <1 s switching time while switching with a color contrast of ≈75% and good cycle life. The device displays switching in visible, as well as IR and NIR regions with an application of bias as low as 1.5 V. In addition to the multiple wavelength switching, a device has also been fabricated on a plastic electrode to demonstrate all‐organic flexible liquid electrolyte less solid–state versatile electrochromic device.
Reconfiguration toward Self‐Assembled Monolayer Passivation for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Zijing , Li Yiming , Liu Zhenghao , Shi Jiangjian , Yu Bingcheng , Tan Shan , Cui Yuqi , Tan Chengyu , Tian Fubo , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with unique ordered structures and varied anchoring groups have emerged as an excellent interfacial strategy for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, 3‐carboxypropyl‐triphenyl phosphonium bromide with the participation of the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid (PCBA) as functionalized C‐PCBA SAM, is introduced to stably modify the TiO2/perovskite interface. In the meantime, with strong fullerene cage–iodide interaction, ordered C‐PCBA SAM can passivate interfacial defects and improve the electron transportation. A high efficiency of 24.8% and stabilized power output of 23.9%, are achieved with negligible hysteresis, which is among the best performances for TiO2 planar PSCs. This modified cell also exhibits significantly improved stabilities under different testing conditions; non‐encapsulated devices can maintain 95% of initial efficiency after 1000 h thermal stability testing at 85 °C and 85% after 700 h continuous illumination (≈100 mW cm−2) and maximum‐power‐point tracking. This work provides valuable inspiration for developing highly efficient and stable PSCs by using a convenient SAM reconfiguration strategy.
Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Encased Cathode Particles Interface‐Based Core–Shell Structure for High‐Performance Room Temperature All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Pazhaniswamy Sivaraj , Joshi Sagar A. , Hou Haoqing , Parameswaran Abhilash Karuthedath , Agarwal Seema 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA smooth interfacial contact between electrode and electrolyte, alleviation of dendrite formation, low internal resistance, and preparation of thin electrolyte (<20 µm) are the key challenging tasks in the practical application of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)‐based solid‐state batteries (SSBs). This paper develops a unique strategy to reduce interfacial resistance by designing an interface‐based core–shell structure via direct integration of Al‐LLZO ceramic nanofibers incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride)/LiTFSI on the surface of a porous cathode electrode (HPEIC). This yields an ultrathin solid polymer electrolyte with a thickness of 7 µm. The integrated HPEIC/Li SSB with LiFePO4/C exhibits an initial specific capacity of 166 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 159 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 100% after 120 cycles at 0.5 C (25 °C). The HPEIC/Li SSB with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode delivers a good discharge capacity of 134 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at 0.5 C. The rational design of interface‐based core–shell structure outperforms the conventional assembly of solid‐state cells using free‐standing solid electrolytes in specific capacity, internal resistance, and rate performance. The proposed strategy is simple, cost‐effective, robust, and scalable manufacturing, which is essential for the practical applicability of SSBs.
Extreme climatic events and human biology and health: A primer and opportunities for future research
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtreme climatic events are increasing in frequency, leading to hotter temperatures, flooding, droughts, severe storms, and rising oceans. This special issue brings together a collection of seven articles that describe the impacts of extreme climatic events on a diverse set of human biology and health outcomes. The first two articles cover extreme temperatures extending from extreme heat to cold and changes in winter weather and the respective implications for adverse health events, human environmental limits, well‐being, and human adaptability. Next, two articles cover the effects of exposures to extreme storms through an examination of hurricanes and cyclones on stress and birth outcomes. The following two articles describe the effects of extreme flooding events on livelihoods, nutrition, water and food insecurity, diarrheal and respiratory health, and stress. The last article examines the effects of drought on diet and food insecurity. Following a brief review of each extreme climatic event and articles covered in this special issue, I discuss future research opportunities–highlighting domains of climate change and specific research questions that are ripe for biological anthropologists to investigate. I close with a description of interdisciplinary methods to assess climate exposures and human biology outcomes to aid the investigation of the defining question of our time – how climate change will affect human biology and health. Ultimately, climate change is a water, food, and health problem. Human biologists offer a unique perspective for a combination of theoretical, methodological, and applied reasons and thus are in a prime position to contribute to this critical research agenda.
Determination of the quality and purity characteristics of olive oils obtained from different regions of Turkey, depending on climatic changes
Authors: Sevim Didar , Köseoğlu Oya , Özdemir Durmuş , Hakan Mehmet , Büyükgök Elif B. , Uslu Hatice , Dursun Özgür , Savran M. Kerem , Eralp Önder , Kaptan Serkan , Köktürk Halil , Asker Özlem , Pazarlı Sibel , Ayaztek Melike , Akbaş Nurdan , Yalçın Serkan , Topdemir Pınar Çakır 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVirgin olive oils (VOOs) obtained from olives grown in different regions of Turkey under changing climatic conditions sometimes show different sensory and chemical properties. This study was planned to determine whether these deviations are due to climatic changes or not. For this purpose, five different olive varieties (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık) of commercial importance were harvested from the provinces/districts (four different region) where cultivation is intense during the 2017/2018–2020/2021 harvest years. Every year, olive samples were collected from 3 orchards from 13 provinces/districts. One hundred and fifty‐six samples were subjected to the purity, quality and sensory analysis. Basic climatic values (average, minimum and maximum temperature, humidity and precipitation) were examined for four consecutive years. All of the examined olive oil samples were determined within the legal limits in terms of fatty acid composition and fatty acid ethyl ester values. However, delta‐7‐stigmastenol value from the sterol composition was found to be above 0.5% in some samples in all the years studied (total 21 samples). Delta‐7‐stigmastenol values of olive oil samples varied between 0.16% and 1.14%. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied using a genetic algorithm‐based inverse least squares method to determine whether there is a relationship between climate data and delta‐7‐stigmastenol values. According to this result, it has been determined that the delta‐7‐stigmastenol value is high when the annual average relative humidity is low and the annual average temperature is high. There is an urgent need to make forward‐looking plans due to climate change.
Forest conversion adversely affects native Macrobrachium shrimp assemblages in tropical Malaysian streams
Authors: Gan Lydia X. , Tan Claudia L. Y. , Ahmad Amirrudin B. , Cai Yixiong , Yeo Darren C. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Commodity‐driven forest conversion represents one of the most severe threats to freshwater biodiversity in Southeast Asia, notably causing population declines and the extinction of freshwater fish species.
Although a variety of freshwater taxa are likely to be adversely affected by forest conversion, little is known about the impact on ecologically and economically important invertebrates such as decapod crustaceans.
This study evaluated the impact of forest conversion and land‐use change on freshwater Macrobrachium shrimp species, using species richness, abundance, and environmental data collected from 20 streams across southern Peninsular Malaysia. Streams were located in three types of landscape: forest; oil palm plantation; and mixed land use, comprising young secondary forest, small‐scale plantations, patches of open and sparsely vegetated areas, and agricultural fields and clearings.
Generalized linear models showed that even incomplete change from forest habitats to mixed land use and oil palm plantation resulted in significantly lower Macrobrachium native species richness and higher non‐native species abundance. Native species richness was positively correlated with canopy cover, leaf litter, substrate size, and dissolved oxygen, and was negatively correlated with water temperature and conductivity. Native species richness was also negatively correlated with non‐native species abundance, with non‐native species abundance increasing along the human disturbance gradient.
These results highlight the need for riparian habitat protection to conserve native Macrobrachium and limit the spread of non‐native species. A management priority should be to maintain or restore optimum instream habitat conditions for shrimps, which would also benefit fish and other benthic macroinvertebrates. Suitable riparian management requires substantial support and funding from multiple stakeholders, but it can be aligned with other catchment‐based strategies to optimize the use of limited resources available for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
What makes us more susceptible to false memories in the era of COVID‐19? A focus on vaccines and Green Pass
Authors: Scuotto Chiara , Ilardi Ciro Rosario , Maggi Gianpaolo , Ilardi Alfonso , Gamboz Nadia , Staiano Maria , Borrelli Giovanni , La Marra Marco , Perrella Raffaella 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was accompanied by an overabundance of fake news increasing the risk of developing false memories (FMs). Previous studies have shown that the relationship between fake news and FMs could be mediated by some individual variables, including attitudinal biases. We explored the role of these variables in true memories (TMs) and FMs formation, with special emphasis on vaccine‐ and Green Pass (GP)‐related topics.MethodWe set up a large online survey exploring several constructs including media usage, attitude toward vaccines and GP, perceived (PK) and objective knowledge (OK) about COVID‐19‐related information, fear of the disease, depression and anxiety symptoms, coping mechanisms, and reasoning skills. Then, we asked participants whether they remembered certain news (true or fake), providing confidence ratings.ResultsData from 289 respondents (198 females) from the general population were analyzed. Participants with positive attitude reported a greater fear that their loved ones contracted the COVID‐19, a more frequent use of traditional media, and a higher PK when compared with respondents with negative attitude. On the whole sample, participants reported higher confidence levels when required to judge their memory of true than fake news; however, participants with positive attitude reported a higher confidence for both true and fake news. The relationship between attitude and TM confidence was mediated by the PK, whereas the relationship between attitude and FM confidence was probably affected by OK.ConclusionAttitude can modulate individual behaviors in the context of health issues. The PK and OK may interact with attitude in the memory formation.
Megakaryocyte membrane‐wrapped nanoparticles for targeted cargo delivery to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Das Samik , Harris Jenna C. , Winter Erica J. , Kao Chen‐Yuan , Day Emily S. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios Terry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are desirable targets for gene therapy but are notoriously difficult to target and transfect. Existing viral vector‐based delivery methods are not effective in HSPCs due to their cytotoxicity, limited HSPC uptake and lack of target specificity (tropism). Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive, nontoxic carriers that can encapsulate various cargo and enable its controlled release. To engineer PLGA NP tropism for HSPCs, megakaryocyte (Mk) membranes, which possess HSPC‐targeting moieties, were extracted and wrapped around PLGA NPs, producing MkNPs. In vitro, fluorophore‐labeled MkNPs are internalized by HSPCs within 24 h and were selectively taken up by HSPCs versus other physiologically related cell types. Using membranes from megakaryoblastic CHRF‐288 cells containing the same HSPC‐targeting moieties as Mks, CHRF‐wrapped NPs (CHNPs) loaded with small interfering RNA facilitated efficient RNA interference upon delivery to HSPCs in vitro. HSPC targeting was conserved in vivo, as poly(ethylene glycol)–PLGA NPs wrapped in CHRF membranes specifically targeted and were taken up by murine bone marrow HSPCs following intravenous administration. These findings suggest that MkNPs and CHNPs are effective and promising vehicles for targeted cargo delivery to HSPCs.
From Molecules to Heat‐Integrated Processes: Computer‐Aided Design of Solvents and Processes Using Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Fleitmann Lorenz , Gertig Christoph , Scheffczyk Jan , Schilling Johannes , Leonhard Kai , Bardow André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolvents are key to many chemical and energy conversion processes. Solvents should be selected as part of process design, optimizing a process‐level objective to account for the interactions between molecular properties and process performance. In this paper, we integrate the computer‐aided molecular design of solvents with the design of heat‐integrated processes for minimum utility demand. The process flowsheet is represented by thermodynamically accurate shortcut process models, encompassing the most common unit operations: extraction, distillation, absorption, and multiphase reaction. For each candidate solvent, we optimize the process considering heat integration and design solvents based on their process performance. All thermodynamic properties are predicted using quantum chemistry. The method is applied to two case studies: extraction‐distillation and integrated carbon capture and utilization. In both studies, designed solvents improve process performance compared to literature benchmarks, where simpler heuristics lead to suboptimal choices. Thus, the results highlight the importance of integrating molecular and process design to achieve maximum process performance.
Meta‐analysis and review of cannabinoids extraction and purification techniques
Authors: Song Yu‐Xiang , Furtos Alexandra , Fuoco Domenico , Boumghar Yacine , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProjected revenues of cannabis concentrates and extracts in Canada will reach 5 billion dollars, of which infused products will account for half of the total. The pharmacologically active cannabinoids accumulate in the crop's flowers, accounting for as much as 30% of their dry mass, and are absent from the rest of the plant's body. To achieve a cost effective drug formulation requires optimizing cannabis processing techniques. Here, we review the pre‐treatment of Cannabis sativa L., its solvent extraction, and the isolation of its active metabolites. We describe traditional extraction processes such as maceration and percolation with organic solvents, but focus on recent green solvent and methods including supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) and microwave‐ and ultrasound‐enhanced techniques. Furthermore, we report the decarboxylation kinetics to convert tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid and purification‐isolation techniques to satisfy regulatory and consumer requirements. Cannabinoids decarboxylate in 10–60 min at 100–150°C. Ethanol and petroleum ether recover up to 90% of the neutral cannabinoids from plant inflorescences, but the crude extracts require further refining as the purity is less than 50%. Propane and butane compressed gas extraction facilitate solvent removal but introduce safety hazards related to flammability. SCFE is the safest solvent‐free extraction method with improved terpenoid recovery and purity. Academic and commercial interest in the field is expected to accelerate in the next decade due to recent changes in regulatory schemes across North America, which will reduce legal and stigmatic barriers to research.
Data‐driven modelling methods in sintering process: Current research status and perspectives
Authors: Yan Feng , Zhang Xinmin , Yang Chunjie , Hu Bing , Qian Weidong , Song Zhihuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sintering process, as a primary modus of the blast furnace ironmaking industry, has enormous economic value and environmental protection significance for the iron and steel enterprises. Recently, with the emergence of artificial intelligence and big data, data‐driven modelling methods in the sintering process have increasingly received the researchers' attention. But now, there is still no systematic review of the data‐driven modelling approaches in the sintering process. Therefore, in this article, we conduct a comprehensive overview and prospects on the data‐driven models for the purpose of intelligent sintering. First, the mechanism and characteristics of the sintering process are introduced and analyzed elaborately. Second, the detailed research status of the sintering process is illustrated from four aspects: key parameters prediction, control, optimization, and others. Finally, several challenges and promising modelling methods such as deep learning in the sintering process are outlined and discussed for future research.