bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Electricity Through Papaya Waste at Different pH
Authors: Rojas-Flores Segundo , De La Cruz –Noriega Magaly , Benites Santiago M. , Delfín-Narciso Daniel , Angelats-Silva Luis , Díaz Felix , Cabanillas-Chirinos Luis 
Published: December 2022

A large amount of fruit waste is being a great environmental and social problem due to a lack of adequate storage. Among the most abundant waste is papaya, due to its high consumption in various varieties. These wastes can generate bioelectricity through organic waste, being an important parameter the pH. In this research, low-cost laboratory-scale microbial fuel cells were fabricated, using papaya waste as fuel at different pH (4, 5.73, 7, and 9) to obtain the optimum operating pH. It was possible to observe the maximum values ​​of electric current and voltage of 17.97 mA and 1.02 V on days 16 and 14, in the cell with pH 7; while the cell with pH was the one that showed the lowest values. The electrical conductivity values ​​increased from the first day, observing a maximum peak of 172.50 mS/cm for the cell with pH 7. However, the internal resistance values ​​were low, the maximum value being for the cell with pH 4 (234.61 ± 34 Ω) and the minimum for the cell with pH 7 (46.543 ± 3.6 Ω). In the same way, the maximum power density was for the cell with pH 7 of approximately 645.74 ± 33.64 mW/cm2 and a current density of 5.42 A/cm2.
Hukum murtad dalam Fiqih Islam dan Perundang undangan Malaysia dan Indonesia
Authors: Amanuddin Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Pendahuluan: Murtad dalam Pengertian keluar dari agama Islam dan memeluk agam lain, agaknya di Indonesia meruapakan hal yang tidak begitu mendapat perhatian, disatu sisi karena negara boleh dikatakan tidak campur tangan tentang hal ini, sedangkan di Malaysia perpindahan agama dari Islam kepada Agama lain merupakan sesuatu hal yang serius, dan negarapun mengambil perhatian yang besar tentang hal tersebut Tujuan: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bagiamana pandangan fiqih Islam tentang hukum orang yang murtad dan bagaimana pula dalam ketentuan prundang-undangan di Malayasia dan Indoneisa, Diketahui bahwa Malaysia menyatakan negaranya sebagai negara yang berazaskan Islam, sementara Indonesia negara yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-undang Dasar 1945, yang secara nyata bernafaskan Islam pula. Metode: Metode Penelitian dalam pembahasn ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yakni dengan membaca dan mengkaji hukum dan pendapat tentang hukuman bagi pelaku murtad dalam Islam dari berbagai kalangan terutama dari kalangan ulama dan kitab kitab tafsir Hasil: di Indonesia perpindahan agama dari Islam keagama lain dianggap hal yang biasa biasa saja, sedangkan di Malaysia hal tersebut dianggap sesuatu yang serius, sehingga negara menganggap hal tersebut adalah penghinaan terhadap agama Islam, maka sikap dan perbuatan tersebut bisa mendapatkan hukuman ataupun sangksi dari negara. Kesimpulan: Sebagai penutup penulis simpulkan bahwa perbuatan murtad adalah sesuatu yang serius untuk di tangani namun sikap negara tidak sama antara satu negara dengan negara yang lain, termasuk Indonesia dan Malaysia, Indonesia belum bisa keluar dari pengaruh pidana dari luar sedangkan Malasia sudah mengadopsi sebahagian kecil dari pidana Islam
Strength training in youth soccer players: towards an optimal relationship between load magnitude and performance enhancement
Authors: Magallanes Adrián , Parodi Andres , Magallanes Carlos , Gonzalez-Ramírez Andrés 
Published: December 2022

In soccer, sprinting speed and vertical jump are critical skills to achieve high performance. Controversy exists about which type of training is most appropriate to improve these skills in youth players with no previous experience in programmed strength training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a 16-week programme of resistance (weight) and plyometric training on sprinting and vertical and horizontal jumping in male youth soccer players. The study involved 18 soccer players, 14.1 ± 0.3 years old, with no previous experience in programmed strength training. They performed a combined cycle of resistance and plyometric training on different days, twice a week, respectively. Before and after the experimental intervention, the athletes were tested in countermovement vertical jump, bipodal horizontal jump, unipodal horizontal jump and 30 m linear sprint. After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in all the variables analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). Given that the relationship between the improvement in performance and the magnitude of the loads applied was shown to be superior to other similar interventions, it is possible to conclude that this type of training programme is both effective and efficient in the population studied.
En fútbol, el sprint y el salto vertical son habilidades básicas para alcanzar el alto rendimiento. Existe controversia sobre qué tipo de entrenamiento es el más apropiado para desarrollar estas habilidades en futbolistas jóvenes sin experiencia previa con programas de entrenamiento de fuerza. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de un programa de 16 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas y pliométrico sobre las carreras de velocidad y saltos verticales y horizontales en jugadores de fútbol juveniles masculinos. Participaron 18 futbolistas, de 14,1 ± 0,3 años, sin experiencia previa en entrenamiento de fuerza programado. Realizaron un ciclo combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y pliométrico en días diferentes, dos veces por semana, respectivamente. Antes y después de la intervención experimental, los atletas fueron evaluados en salto vertical con contramovimiento, salto horizontal bipodal, salto horizontal unipodal y sprint lineal de 30 m. Se observaron mejoras significativas en todas las variables analizadas (p ≤ 0,05). Dado que la relación entre la mejora en el rendimiento y la magnitud de las cargas aplicadas se mostró superior a otras intervenciones similares, es posible concluir que este tipo de programa de entrenamiento es efectivo y eficiente en la población estudiada.
Prevalence and Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Antigenemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Some Hospitals in Bauchi Metropolis
Authors: Iliyasu M. Y. , Sahal M. R. , Inusa T. , Ismail S. , Umar R. D. , Tahir H. , Kabeer Z. M. , Musa H. S. , Isah N. A. , Mikaeel U. A. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a significant public health problem in the world and is more common among most vulnerable individuals such as pregnant women in developing countries.
Design and Duration: This is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in some hospitals in the Bauchi metropolis, from January 2021 to February 2022.
Aim: The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the seroprevalence and determinants of the hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending some hospitals in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A total of 394 blood specimens were collected from the fingertip of the randomly selected pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was administered and interviews were conducted for data collection. The participants were screened for HBsAg status by the rapid diagnostic test.
Results: The overall prevalence of the disease was 11.7% (46 of 394). The infection was more common (39.1%) among the women in the 31 to 35 years age group, followed by 23.9% (26-30) years. The majority are married (67.4%), business owners (30.4%), then civil servants (26.1%), and had attended tertiary education (52.1%). The highest frequency (63.0%) was found among the antenatal women at primiparous and mainly (50%) started visiting in the 3rd trimester, with 2 children as the highest number of live births (45.7%). Risk factors analysis revealed that most of the women positive (78.3%) have no history of previous surgery, or blood transfusion (61.20%). but 52.2% are co-infected with HIV/AIDS.
Conclusion: This study found a relatively low prevalence of HBV infection (11.7%) among pregnant women in this area, but it was very high, especially among the unvaccinated and those co-infected with HIV.
Adjusting the Redox Coupling Effect via Li/Co Anti‐Site Defect for Stable High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Cathode
Authors: Kong Weijin , Zhou Dong , Zhang Qinghua , Wong Deniz , An Ke , Schulz Christian , Zhang Nian , Zhang Jicheng , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) is pressingly required for the portable electronics. But the O→Co charge transfer and the oxygen redox at high delithiation induce the issues of irreversible Co reduction, oxygen release, and unfavored phase transformation. Herein, it is proposed to tune the O→Co charge transfer via regulating Li/Co anti‐site defect with Mg2+ and (PO4)3− co‐doping to achieve a stable high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathode. The appropriately regulated Li/Co anti‐site defect enhances the redox activity of the Co‐ions, and inhibits the irreversibility of the oxygen redox and the coupled Co reduction. The increase of the formation energy of oxygen vacancies in the modified cathode at deep delithiation inhibits oxygen escape. Moreover, (PO4)3− doping also stabilizes oxygen‐packed framework due to its strong bond energy with transition metal. These functions enhance the structural stability and the reversible Co/O redox ability. The improved cathode delivers a high capacity and long‐cycle capacity retention on both 4.5 and 4.6 V. This study provides some insights into adjusting the redox coupling effect and enhancing the oxygen redox reversibility by Li/Co anti‐site regulation.
Initiating Reversible Aqueous Copper–Tellurium Conversion Reaction with High Volumetric Capacity through Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Sun Yuanhe , Zhao Yuanxin , Lei Qi , Du Wei , Yao Zeying , Zhang Wei , Si Jingying , Ren Zhiguo , Chen Jige , Gao Yi , Wen Wen , Tai Renzhong , Li Xiaolong , Zhu Daming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPursuing conversion‐type cathodes with high volumetric capacity that can be used in aqueous environments remains rewarding and challenging. Tellurium (Te) is a promising alternative electrode due to its intrinsic attractive electronic conductivity and high theoretical volumetric capacity yet still to be explored. Herein, the kinetically/thermodynamically co‐dominat copper–tellurium (Cu–Te) alloying phase‐conversion process and corresponding oxidation failure mechanism of tellurium are investigated using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and comprehensive ex situ characterization techniques. By virtue of the fundamental insights into the tellurium electrode, facile and precise electrolyte engineering (solvated structure modulation or reductive antioxidant addition) is implemented to essentially tackle the dramatic capacity loss in tellurium, affording reversible aqueous Cu–Te conversion reaction with an unprecedented ultrahigh volumetric capacity of up to 3927 mAh cm−3, a flat long discharge plateau (capacity proportion of ≈81%), and an extraordinary level of capacity retention of 80.4% over 2000 cycles at 20 A g−1 of which lifespan thousand‐fold longer than Cu–Te conversion using CuSO4–H2O electrolyte. This work paves a significant avenue for expanding high‐performance conversion‐type cathodes toward energetic aqueous multivalent‐ion batteries.
Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure with Interferon Stimulatory DNA Delivers Highly Potent Toxins and Activates the cGAS‐STING Pathway for Robust Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Wang Yuqi , Karges Johannes , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Hanchen , Zou Kexuan , Song Jie , Xiao Haihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTumor metastases and reoccurrences are considered the leading cause of cancer‐associated deaths. While highly efficient treatments for the eradication of primary tumors have been developed, the treatment of secondary or metastatic tumors remains poorly accessible. Over the past years, compounds that intervene through the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) signaling pathway against tumor metastases have emerged with potential for clinical development. While interferon stimulatory DNAs have demonstrated activation of this pathway, these compounds are associated with poor bioavailability, poor stability, and poor cancer selectivity, hindering their use for therapeutic applications. Herein, the encapsulation of a highly potent chemotherapeutic platinum(II) complex and the incorporation of interferon stimulatory DNA strands for activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway into multimodal tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (84bp‐TDNISD/56MESS) for combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy is reported. It is found that 84bp‐TDNISD/56MESS can work as not only a drug delivery carrier for highly potent toxins, but also an immunostimulant agent that can activate the STING pathway for antitumor immune responses. In a mouse breast cancer model, the DNA nanostructure is found to nearly fully eradicate primary as well as secondary/metastatic tumors, hence demonstrating its potential clinical translational value.
Electrosynthesis of Low Pt‐Loaded High Entropy Catalysts for Effective Hydrogen Evolution with Improved Acidic Durability
Authors: Kim Dohun , Surendran Subramani , Jeong Yujin , Lim Yoongu , Im Sejin , Park Sungtae , Kim Joon Young , Kim Suyeon , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Koo Byungjin , Jin Kyoungsuk , Sim Uk 
Published: December 2022

The synergistic effect in multi‐metal electrocatalysts has gained attention as an efficient strategy for enhancing intrinsic electrocatalytic activities. In this study, a facile electrodeposition technique is used to synthesize a multi‐metal high entropy catalyst (HEC) for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To boost the synergistic effect between noble metals and transition metals, the Pt ratio is controlled in a multi‐metal electrocatalyst system. The prepared Pt‐involved HEC (Pt‐HEC) exhibits a bamboo‐like morphology with uniformly distributed elements. The 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC has outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) among other Pt‐HECs, with a low overpotential of 70 mV and a Tafel slope value of 47 mV dec−1. Additionally, the Pt mass activity of the 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC is 5.6 times higher than commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst owing to the improved synergistic effect with an optimized Pt ratio. According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process occurs more quickly in the 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC electrocatalyst, confirming its smaller charge transfer resistance properties compared to those of the 5 and 1 mM Pt‐HEC. Therefore, HEC systems can be extensively encouraged as a platform for improving synergistic effects and enhancing electrocatalytic activities for a highly efficient HER electrocatalyst.
Energy Yield Modeling of Bifacial All‐Perovskite Two‐Terminal Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Gota Fabrizio , An Sophie X. , Hu Hang , Abdollahi Nejand Bahram , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll‐perovskite two‐terminal tandem photovoltaics offer high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that can surpass the limits of single‐junction photovoltaics. In this study, energy yield (EY) simulations are performed to assess the performance of bifacial all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Under standard test conditions, in the absence of albedo, bifacial tandems demonstrate a 4.9% relative lower PCE compared to equivalent monofacial tandems due to transparency losses at the semitransparent rear side. However, under realistic irradiation conditions, albedo irradiation leads to an enhancement in EY for bifacial cells. This enhancement enables bifacial cells to produce more energy than monofacial cells, even over relatively low average reflectance (RA) ground such as dark sandstone (RA = 9%). The EY gain for bifacial cells rises to a maximum of 40–50% for ground modeled as a perfect reflector (RA = 100%), accompanied by a shift in optimum top subcell bandgap to 1.56 eV. This shift is of particular interest as low‐bandgap perovskite semiconductors (with lower bromide concentrations) offer enhanced stability under realistic operation conditions. Finally, this work presents a route to increase the PCE of simulated monofacial and bifacial cells, to 31.9% and 30.8%, respectively, by optimizing the optical and electrical performance of the cells.
US grass‐fed beef premiums
Authors: Wang Yangchuan , Isengildina‐Massa Olga , Stewart Shamar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examined monthly retail‐level price premiums for grass‐fed beef (relative to conventional grain‐fed beef) in the United States from 2014 through 2021. We found that premiums were heterogeneous, with premium cuts, such as sirloin steak, tenderloin, ribeye and filet mignon enjoying the highest premiums. Premiums were not consistent with price levels, as the lowest premiums were observed for short ribs, skirt steak and flank steak. Our findings suggest that grass‐fed beef price premiums were negatively affected by the consumption of food away from home. Changes in income, increased information about taste, protein and minerals, fat, revocation of the USDA grass‐fed certification program in 2016 and COVID‐19 pandemic, also affected premiums for several individual cuts. Premiums were not sensitive to changes in information about climate change. [EconLit Citations: Q11, Q13].
A Type 1 Aldolase, NahE, Catalyzes a Stereoselective Nitro‐Michael Reaction: Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐γ‐nitrobutyric Acids
Authors: Fansher Douglas J. , Palmer David R. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMichael addition reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis and are commonly accomplished using organocatalysts. However, the corresponding biocatalytic Michael additions are rare, typically lack synthetically useful substrate scope, and suffer from low stereoselectivity. Herein we report a biocatalytic nitro‐Michael addition, catalyzed by NahE, that proceeds with low catalyst loading at room temperature in moderate to excellent enantioselectivity and high yields. A series of β‐nitrostyrenes reacted with pyruvate in the presence of NahE to give, after oxidative decarboxylation, β‐aryl‐γ‐nitrobutyric acids in up to 99 % yield without need for chromatography, providing a simple preparative‐scale route to chiral GABA analogues. This reaction represents the first example of an aldolase displaying promiscuous Michaelase activity and opens the use of nitroalkenes in place of aldehydes as substrates for aldolases.
An injectable self‐healing hydrogel based on poly(acrylamide‐co‐N‐vinylimidazole) and laponite clay nanosheets
Authors: Xiong Chunming , Wei Falin , Ye Zhengrong , Feng Wei , Zhou Qiang , He Jiaqing , Yang Haiyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInjectable self‐healing hydrogels have found broad applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering and controlled 3D cell culture. In this article, the coordination interaction between polymer‐bearing imidazole groups and Mg2+ ions “trapped” in Laponite, has been employed to develop an injectable self‐healing nanocomposite hydrogel. The properties and gelation mechanism of the hydrogel have been characterized and demonstrated by rheology, TEM, XRD, SEM, and NMR in particular. The hydrogel exhibits swift self‐healing performance without waiting for long time or elevated temperature. In particular, the present hydrogel can be applied in harsh alkaline environments, exhibiting a great advantage over traditional metal ion crosslinked hydrogels. The injectable self‐healing hydrogels based on the coordination interaction between Laponite and polymer have been rarely reported. Our research may make contributions not only to the design but also to the potential application of the hydrogels in a range of harsh alkaline environments, especially in enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
The trauma of premature birth for mothers with infants in neonatal high care: The role of dissociation due to traumatic childhood experience
Authors: Canin Nicole , Bain Katherine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies have identified a history of anxiety as playing a crucial role in the development of trauma responses in mothers of premature neonates. This paper explores this link in more depth, examining how previous relational experience appears to influence mothers' experiences of premature birth and their infants in the context of a neonatal high care ward. Utilizing case study methodology, the narratives of three mothers are analyzed in order to better understand their experiences and their mental states. The trauma of engaging with a premature infant appears to reactivate dissociated self‐states associated with childhood experiences of loss and absence for mothers, manifesting in fragmented narratives of their own and their infant's experience.
Cultivation of microbial cultures at high cell density in microbioreactor fermentations to increase protein yield
Authors: Pepeliaev Stanislav , Ehebauer Matthias Torsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobioreactors have been proven to be a useful tool in high‐throughput applications, such as clone screening, synthetic library testing, and media optimization. Most were designed for low cell density applications, where the optical density of the cultures typically does not exceed an OD600 of 10. In microbial applications, where protein is to be expressed, such a scale is not sufficient to produce material for extensive target molecule testing. Here, we present a method for growing high‐cell density Escherichia coli cultures in milliliter‐scale bioreactors, to produce milligram quantities of target protein. We used a micro‐Matrix system with a starting volume of 3 ml per culture. A combination of defined medium, a fed‐batch feeding strategy at low temperature, and an advanced self‐adapting control algorithm achieved up to 0.7 g of wet cell weight (WCW) in a 5.7 ml final culture volume, which corresponds to 123 g/L WCW. This translates to an estimated protein yield of 1150 mg of target protein per liter final volume.
Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of the genotoxic methylglyoxal in glycerol‐containing pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements
Authors: Shallan Aliaa I. , Abdel‐Hakim Ali , Hammad Mohamed A. , Abou El‐Alamin Maha M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO) is a genotoxic α‐dicarbonyl compound. Recently, it was found to be formed in glycerol preparations during storage through auto‐oxidation. A simple fluorimetric determination of the carcinogenic degradation product of glycerol, MGO, was developed and validated. The proposed method is based on the derivatization of MGO with 4‐carbomethoxybenzaldehyde (CMBA) and ammonium acetate to yield a fluorescent imidazole derivative that can be measured at 415 nm after excitation at 322 nm. The optimized conditions were determined to be 0.2 M CMBA, 1.0 M ammonium acetate and a reaction time of 40 min at 90°C using ethanol as diluting solvent. The linear range was 10.0–200.0 ng/ml. Detection and quantification limits were 2.22 and 6.72 ng/ml, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and compared with the reported method and no significant difference was found. It was successfully applied for the determination of MGO in six different glycerol‐containing pharmaceutical preparations and dietary supplements.