bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of a food supplement with standardized menthol, limonene, and gingerol content in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir T. , Kudryavtseva Anna V. , Krasnov George S. , Poluektov Yuri M. , Morozova Margarita A. , Shifrin Oleg S. , Beniashvili Allan G. , Mamieva Zarina A. , Kovaleva Alexandra L. , Ulyanin Anatoly I. , Trush Elizaveta A. , Erlykin Alexander G. , Poluektova Elena A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 9,2% of the global population and places a considerable burden on healthcare systems. Most medications for treating IBS, including spasmolytics, laxatives, and antidiarrheals, have low efficacy. Effective and safe therapeutic treatments have yet to be developed for IBS.PurposeThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of a food supplement containing standardized menthol, limonene, and gingerol in human participants with IBS or IBS/functional dyspepsia (FD).DesignA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.MethodsWe randomly assigned 56 patients with IBS or IBS/FD to an intervention group (Group 1) or control group (Group 2) that were given supplement or placebo, respectively, in addition to the standard treatment regimen for 30 d. Three outpatient visits were conducted during the study. Symptom severity was measured at each visit using a 7×7 questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota were assessed at visits 1 and 3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsAt visit 1 (before treatment), the median total 7×7 questionnaire score was in the moderately ill range for both groups, with no difference between the groups (p= 0.1). At visit 2, the total 7×7 score decreased to mildly ill, with no difference between the groups (p= 0.4). At visit 3, the total score for group 1 indicated borderline illness and for group 2 remained indicated mild illness (p= 0.009). Even though we observed some variations in gut microbiota between the groups, we did not find any statistically significant changes.ConclusionThe food supplement with standardized menthol, limonene, and gingerol content increased the efficacy of standard therapy in IBS and FD patients. The use of the supplement did not cause any obvious side effects.RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04484467
Saliva molecular testing bypassing RNA extraction is suitable for monitoring and diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
Authors: Alenquer Marta , Milheiro Silva Tiago , Akpogheneta Onome , Ferreira Filipe , Vale-Costa Sílvia , Medina-Lopes Mónica , Batista Frederico , Garcia Ana Margarida , Barreto Vasco M. , Paulino Cathy , Costa João , Sobral João , Diniz-da-Costa Maria , Ladeiro Susana , Corte-Real Rita , Delgado Alves José , Leite Ricardo B. , Demengeot Jocelyne , Rocha Brito Maria João , Amorim Maria João 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAdults are being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, but the longitudinal protection of these vaccines is uncertain, given the ongoing appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Children remain largely unvaccinated and are susceptible to infection, with studies reporting that they actively transmit the virus even when asymptomatic, thus affecting the community.MethodsWe investigated if saliva is an effective sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in children, and associated viral RNA levels to infectivity. For that, we used a saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test, preceded or not by RNA extraction, in 85 children aged 10 years and under, admitted to the hospital regardless of COVID-19 symptomatology. Amongst these, 29 (63.0%) presented at least one COVID-19 symptom, 46 (54.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 28 (32.9%) were under the age of 1, and the mean (SD) age was 3.8 (3.4) years. Saliva samples were collected up to 48 h after a nasopharyngeal swab-RT-qPCR test.ResultsIn children aged 10 years and under, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of saliva-RT-qPCR tests compared to NP swab-RT-qPCR were, respectively, 84.8% (71.8%–92.4%), 100% (91.0%–100%), and 91.8% (84.0%–96.6%) with RNA extraction, and 81.8% (68.0%–90.5%), 100% (91.0%–100%), and 90.4% (82.1%–95.0%) without RNA extraction. Rescue of infectious particles from saliva was limited to CT values below 26. In addition, we found significant IgM positive responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children positive for SARS-CoV-2 by NP swab and negative by saliva compared to other groups, indicating late infection onset (>7–10 days).ConclusionsSaliva is a suitable sample type for diagnosing children aged 10 years and under, including infants aged <1 year, even bypassing RNA extraction methods. Importantly, the detected viral RNA levels were significantly above the infectivity threshold in several samples. Further investigation is required to correlate SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels to viral transmission.
Systematic characterization of the effective constituents and molecular mechanisms of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Feng Suxiang , Yuan Jie , Zhao Di , Li Rongrong , Liu Xuefang , Tian Yange , Li Jiansheng 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveArdisiae Japonicae Herba (AJH), the dried whole herb of Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume [Primulaceae], has been used in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China. However, the material basis and molecular mechanisms of AJH against COPD remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to establish a systematic approach to elucidate the material basis and molecular mechanisms through compound identification, network analysis, molecular docking, and experimental validation.MethodsUltra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS) was used to characterize the chemical compounds of AJH. The SwissTargetPrediction, String and Metascape databases were selected for network pharmacology analysis, including target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a component-target-pathway network to screen out the main active compounds. Autodock Vina software was used to verify the affinity between the key compounds and targets. TNF-α-stimulated A549 cell inflammation model was built to further verify the anti-inflammatory effects of active compounds.ResultsAltogether, 236 compounds were identified in AJH, including 33 flavonoids, 21 Phenylpropanoids, 46 terpenes, 7 quinones, 27 steroids, 71 carboxylic acids and 31 other compounds. Among them, 41 compounds were selected as the key active constituents, which might exhibit therapeutic effects against COPD by modulating 65 corresponding targets primarily involved in inflammation/metabolism/immune-related pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the key compounds could spontaneously bind to the receptor proteins with a strong binding ability. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the three active compounds were validated with the decreased levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in TNF-α-induced A549 cells model.ConclusionThis study clarified that AJH may exert therapeutic actions for COPD via regulating inflammation/immune/metabolism-related pathways using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS technology combined with network pharmacology for the first time. This study had a deeper exploration of the chemical components and pharmacological activities in AJH, which provided a reference for the further study and clinical application of AJH in the treatment of COPD.
Clinical impact of statin intensity according to age in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Kyusup , Lee Myunhee , Kim Dae-Won , Kim Jinseob , Lim Sungmin , Choo Eun Ho , Kim Chan Joon , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee Yeol , Yoo Ki-Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Chang Kiyuk , Youn Ho Joong , Chung Wook-Sung , Kim Min Chul , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Kwon Jongbum , Park Mahn-Won 
Published: June 2022

Background
The available data are not sufficient to understand the clinical impact of statin intensity in elderly patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods
Using the COREA-AMI registry, we sought to compare the clinical impact of high- versus low-to-moderate-intensity statin in younger (<75 years old) and elderly (≥75 years old) patients. Of 10,719 patients, we included 8,096 patients treated with drug-eluting stents. All patients were classified into high-intensity versus low-to-moderate-intensity statin group according to statin type and dose at discharge. The primary end point was target-vessel failure (TVF), a composite of cardiovascular death, target-vessel MI, or target-lesion revascularization (TLR) from 1 month to 12 months after index PCI.

Results
In younger patients, high-intensity statin showed the better clinical outcomes than low-to-moderate-intensity statin (TVF: 79 [5.4%] vs. 329 [6.8%], adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.99; P = 0.038). However, in elderly patients, the incidence rates of the adverse clinical outcomes were similar between two statin-intensity groups (TVF: 38 [11.4%] vs. 131 [10.6%], aHR 1.1; 95% CI 0.76–1.59; P = 0.63).

Conclusions
In this AMI cohort underwent PCI, high-intensity statin showed the better 1-year clinical outcomes than low-to-moderate-intensity statin in younger patients. Meanwhile, the incidence rates of adverse clinical events between high- and low-to-moderate-intensity statin were not statistically different in elderly patients. Further randomized study with large elderly population is warranted.
Fedor Bondarchuk: 'Stalingrad'
Authors: Norris Stephen 
Published: June 2022

KinoSputniks closely analyse some key films from the history of Russian and Soviet cinema. Written by international experts in the field, they are intended for film enthusiasts and students, combining scholarship with an accessible style of writing.

This KinoSputnik about Fedor Bondarchuk's megahit Stalingrad (2013) examines the production, context and reception of the film, whilst offering a detailed reading of its key themes.

Fedor Bondarchuk’s 2013 blockbuster film Stalingrad shattered box-office records and dazzled viewers with its use of special effects, enhanced by its 3D IMAX format. The film transported viewers back to 1942 and the bloody battle that would turn the tide of the Second World War.

This new study situates the film within the context of ongoing debates about the meanings of the Second World War in Russia and previous films about the Battle of Stalingrad.

Primary readership will be among film studies students and film enthusiasts, but will also be of interest to anyone researching or studying the Battle of Stalingrad and the course of the Second World War.

A list of all books in the series is here on the Intellect website on the series page KinoSputnik
Aleksei Balabanov: 'Brother'
Authors: Osterberg Ira 
Published: June 2022

KinoSputniks closely analyse some key films from the history of Russian and Soviet cinema. Written by international experts in the field, they are intended for film enthusiasts and students, combining scholarship with an accessible style of writing.

Ira Österberg's KinoSputnik on Aleksei Balabanov's cult film Brother (1997) examines the production history, context and reception of the film, and offers a detailed reading of its key themes.

Balabanov’s Brother made a mark on the new Russia’s film history as its hero Danila Bagrov quickly gained cult status and the nostalgic rock soundtrack hit the nerve of the young post-Soviet generation. This study unravels the film’s effective and ingenious mixture of genre elements, art narration and almost documentary-style realism, which would become trademarks for Balabanov’s oeuvre.

Primary readership will be among film studies students and film enthusiasts, but will also be of interest to anyone researching or studying film soundtracking.

A list of all books in the series is here on the Intellect website on the series page KinoSputnik
The Quandary of Infanticide in Kant’s ‘Doctrine of Right’
Authors: Timmermann Jens 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to settle the controversy around Kant’s notorious discussion of maternal infanticide in the ‘Doctrine of Right’ of 1797. How should a state punish an unmarried mother who has killed her newborn infant? The text (at DoR VI 335–37) is obscure. Three readings have been defended in the literature: 1. Lenience. Maternal infanticide does not count as murder; so, capital punishment is inappropriate. On this view, the child does not enjoy the full recognition of the law (this is the standard view). 2. Temporary privilege. Lenience should prevail as long as social attitudes are barbaric and treating maternal infanticide like regular cases of murder is perceived to be unjust. The regular punishment for murder will be appropriate once sexual mores have changed. The child will then enjoy the full protection of the law (Hruschka, Varden). 3. No lenience. Capital punishment, though it appears to be unjust, is actually just and ought to be applied. Any child, whether born to married parents or not, enjoys the full protection of the law (Brandt, Uleman). Based on a close examination of the passage and the context of contemporary laws and attitudes, Kant is not, it will be argued, advocating lenience but certain legislative reforms, which are needed to dispel the perception that capital punishment is unjust. Progressive legislation will change social attitudes, not vice versa. Moreover, it will be shown that Kant does not, appearances notwithstanding, endorse the thesis that a child born out of wedlock has been smuggled into the state like ‘prohibited goods’ or ‘contraband merchandise’, which would deprive the child of the protection of the state; that is the view with which Kant saddles Cesare Beccaria.
Synthesis of fluoro-rich pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles as antitubercular agents against H37Rv receptor
Authors: Kapadiya Khushal M. , Kavadia Kishor M. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Dholaria Piyush V. , Jivani Amita J. , Khunt Ranjan C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare various derivatives of 4-amino-2-(3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (6a–6h) using a three-step procedure. The derivatives were screened in vitro for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. The activity was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/mL (μM). Eight compounds showed activity against Mtb H37Rv, and among them, 6f showed the best value of MIC, IC50 (53 μM) and IC90 (62 μM). Minimum bactericidal concentration of compound 6f was higher than its MIC and was more time-dependent than the concentration. Compound 6f was more active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv under low oxygen than metronidazole and did not show good potency in different treatments and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Furthermore, a molecular docking study against mycobacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) could provide valuable insights into the plausible mechanism of action, which could set the theme for lead optimization.
Corn silk flour fortification as a dietary fiber supplement: evolution of the impact on paste, dough, and quality of dried noodles
Authors: Ning Xin , Zheng Xiaodong , Luo Zhihui , Chen Zhilin , Pan Xiaoli , Yu Kena , Liu Zhaoming , Huang Xuerong , Du Wei , Cao Xiaohuang , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Corn silk flour is a natural, functional ingredient, rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. Fortification of a wheat flour-based staple food such as dried noodles, with corn silk flour could directly affect the pasting properties of wheat flour and hydration properties of dough, and thus influence the quality of dried noodles. The competition for water between corn silk flour and wheat flour inhibited the gelatinization of starch and hindered the formation of the gluten network which harmed the cooking properties and decreased consumer acceptance of the resulting dried noodles. Nutritionally, the dietary fiber and polyphenols content of the resulting dried noodles was effectively improved, especially at a 6∼9% replacement rate. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating corn silk flour-enriched dried noodles and its nutritional superiority compared to the corresponding normal product.
Aluminium nitride dispersion strengthened steel
Authors: Yadav Akeshwar Singh , Meka Sai Ramudu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Development of nanosized nitride particles in the ferrite matrix of steels is known to drastically enhance the mechanical properties. In the present work an attempt is made to utilize an unconventional method to produce the dispersion strengthened material. The gaseous nitriding treatment of Fe-4.6 at.% Al alloy powder was carried at 580 °C to realize the dispersion of aluminium nitride particles in the ferrite matrix of powders. Such nitrided powders were consolidated using spark plasma sintering. Powders and the sintered compacts were characterized using various techniques. Nitrided powders contained iron nitrides as matrix with AlN as dispersed precipitates. Annealing treatment of nitrided powders in Ar atmosphere led to the reduction of the iron nitrides to ferrite while AlN precipitates were still retained. The sintering behavior of nitrided and Ar annealed nitrided powders was studied and discussed with thermodynamic stability of iron nitrides and aluminium nitrides in ferritic matrix.
DeZIM.panel – Data for Germany’s Post-Migrant Society
Authors: Dollmann Jörg , Mayer Sabrina Jasmin , Lietz Almuth , Siegel Madeleine , Köhler Jonas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The German DeZIM.panel is an online access panel that provides data specifically for topics regarding migration and integration. It includes an oversampling for several migrant groups in Germany, and thus allows specific subgroup analyses. Due to its longitudinal structure, its long-term development and the effects of sudden external events can be traced and analyzed.
Enhancing the machinability of SKD61 die steel in power-mixed EDM process with TGRA-based multi criteria decision making
Authors: Van Dong Pham , Huu Phan Nguyen , Van Thien Nguyen , Kien Nguyen Huy , Hung Tran Quoc , Anh Nguyen Mai , Thinh Hoang Xuan , Van Nam Hoang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the current context, an attempt is being made to improve the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process by using powder particles in a suitable combination. To improve the quality of such procedures, the process parameters should be optimized. The present study proposes to utilize Taguchi–Grey relational analysis to discover the optimal combination of process parameters for SKD61 die steel specimens using titanium powder-mixed EDM (PMEDM). Among the machining parameters chosen, the optimal combination of current (3 A), pulse on-time (37 μs), pulse off-time (37 μs), and powder concentration (4 g/L) was determined experimentally. Due to its relevance in spark energy production, peak current is a more significant factor in PMEDM processes. A superior surface topography was obtained with increased microhardness and fewer microfractures over machined specimens with optimal process parameter in PMEDM. The titanium particles can effectively enhance the surface performance measures during PMEDM-based machining owing to tiny craters and pores with better lubrication.
Prospect of using geotextile reinforcement within flexible pavement layers to reduce the effects of rutting in the middle and southern parts of Iraq
Authors: AL Sa’adi Abdul Hadi Meteab , Al-Khafaji Fatimah Fahem , Hashim Tameem Mohammed , Hussein Munther Latif Abdul , Ali Yasar Ameer , Ali Alaa Hussein , Jebur Yasir Mohammed , Ali Lina H. , Al-Mulali Mohammed Zuhear , Al-Khazraji Ashraf Anwer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Geotextile reinforcement techniques have been widely used in paving works around the world and have proven to be effective in improving pavement performance. This study has focused on using different positions and numbers of geotextile reinforcement sheets between the layers of flexible pavement for rutting reduction. Fitting depth was measured in the field at seven constructed sections of the pavement of the road model. Each section has been strengthened with different reinforcement approaches. All road sections were subjected to a maximum load repetition of 10,000 cycles. The results indicate that using three layers of geotextile beneath each course of the designed road pavement sections (surface, binder, and base) reduced rutting by 96%. Traffic benefit ratio (TBR) has been employed in this study to reveal the behavior of geotextile reinforcement in increasing the service life of the road. TBR values are the load cycling ratio between the reinforced and unreinforced section for the exact recorded rut depth, it has been found to be minimally equal to 4 for the case of using one layer of reinforcement at interface I, and that value keeps growing up for other reinforcement cases.
Multibeam FSO-based 5G communication system using M-ary DPSK encoder
Authors: Dalal Kirti , Jain Aarti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optical wireless technologies like Free Space Optics (FSO) have proven to be a perfect choice for 5G communication systems. FSO can offer low latency, high capacity, extensive connectivity, and high reliability at a low cost. However, the major limitation of FSO is its susceptibility to atmospheric turbulences, especially rain at high frequencies. In this paper, a rain efficient 10 Gbps 5G communication system using multibeam FSO and multilevel Differential Phase Shift Keying (M-ary DPSK) encoder is proposed. To evaluate the system performance at different rain intensities, the state-of-the-art Charbonneau channel model for rain attenuation has been used. The performance efficiency of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of quality factor (Q-factor), bit error rate (BER), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and received power. The results convey that the proposed system can perform well up to 4.25 km, 3.24 km, and 2.55 km under below average, average, and above average rain conditions, respectively, with attenuation of 6.28 dB/km, 9.65 dB/km, and 19.27 dB/km, respectively. Moreover, the comparative analyses show that the proposed system performs better than the recent conventional systems in terms of bandwidth and power efficiency.
The investigation of heat transfer enhancement by using different mixture conditions of graphene nanofluids on a downward facing surface
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Hsieh Huai-En , Zhang Zhibo , Gao Yuan , Zhou Zhe , Gao Jia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, graphene nanofluids were used to explore the effect of various concentrations on boiling heat transfer of downward-facing heating. Five concentrations of graphene nanofluids were prepared for pool boiling heat transfer experiments. The experimental results show that when the mass concentration is 10 mg/L, the maximum enhancement of the CHF is up to 76.1%. In order to explore the mechanism of graphene nanofluid enhancing boiling heat transfer, after the experiment, the wettability and roughness of the heating surface were measured and the heating surface was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electronic differential system (EDS). The results show that the wettability is enhanced and the surface roughness is reduced. In addition, boiling curves (the curves of heat flux with surface superheat) and the curves of heat transfer coefficient with heat flux at different concentrations have also been observed to further explore the mechanism of enhanced heat transfer.