bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for Neglected Tropical Diseases Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Naqvi Fatima Abbas , Das Jai K. , Salam Rehana A. , Raza Syeda Fatima , Lassi Zohra S. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUNDNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases affecting the poorest populations around the world.OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness of interventions, including mass drug administration (MDA), water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), vector control, health education, and micronutrients supplementation, for NTDs among children and adolescents.METHODSWe conducted a literature search on the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and other databases until December 2020. We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies conducted among children and adolescents. Two authors independently screened studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, performed metaanalysis, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.RESULTSWe included 155 studies (231 articles) involving 262 299 participants. For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, MDA may reduce the prevalence of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm by 58%, 36%, and 57%, respectively. We are uncertain of the effect of health education, WASH, and iron supplementation on soil-transmitted helminthiasis prevalence. For Schistosomiasis, health education probably reduces the intensity and prevalence of S. mansoni, whereas micronutrient supplementation may reduce anemia prevalence and the infection intensity of S. hematobium compared with no supplementation. We are uncertain of the effect of MDA and vector control on Schistosomiasis outcomes. For trachoma, health education probably reduces the prevalence of active Trachoma, whereas we are uncertain of the effect of MDA, WASH, and vector control on Trachoma outcomes. There is limited data on the effectiveness of interventions for NTDs targeting children and adolescents.CONCLUSIONFuture studies are needed to evaluate the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of various interventions specifically targeting children and adolescents.
Delivery Strategies Supporting School-Age Child Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Naeha , Asaf Ayesha , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2022

CONTEXT
School-aged children (SAC; 5–9 years) remain understudied in global efforts to examine intervention effectiveness and scale up evidence-based interventions.

OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes the available evidence describing the effectiveness of key strategies to deliver school-age interventions.

DATA SOURCES
We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Campbell Collaboration, and The Cochrane Library during November 2020.

STUDY SELECTION
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that: target SAC, examine effective delivery of well-established interventions, focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), were published after 2010, and focus on generalizable, rather than special, populations.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessments.

RESULTS
Sixty reviews met the selection criteria, with 35 containing evidence from LMICs. The outcomes assessed and the reported effectiveness of interventions varied within and across delivery strategies. Overall, community, school, and financial strategies improved several child health outcomes. The greatest evidence was found for the use of community-based interventions to improve infectious disease outcomes, such as malaria control and prevention. School-based interventions improved child development and infectious disease-related outcomes. Financial strategies improved school enrollment, food security, and dietary diversity.

LIMITATIONS
Relatively few LMIC studies examined facility, digital, and self-management strategies. Additionally, we found considerable heterogeneity within and across delivery strategies and review authors reported methodological limitations within the studies.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite limited research, available information suggests community-based strategies can be effective for the introduction of a range of interventions to support healthy growth and development in SAC. These also have the potential to reduce disparities and reach at-risk and marginalized populations.
MYC integrates FSH signalling networks in cumulus cells during bovine oocyte maturation
Authors: Cantanhêde Ludymila F. , Moura Marcelo T. , Oliveira-Silva Roberta L. , Nascimento Pábola S. , Ferreira-Silva José C. , Benko-Iseppon Ana M. , Oliveira Marcos A. L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) contributes to the acquisition of oocyte competence by modulating signalling pathways in cumulus cells (CCs), albeit much less is known about transcription factors (TFs) that orchestrate the downstream transcriptional changes. This work allowed to prospect TFs involved in FSH-mediated signalling during oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes underwent IVM with FSH (FSH+) or without FSH (control/CTL) for 22 h, and CCs were subjected to gene expression profiling. Five software identified reference genes for RT-qPCR (ATP1A1, UBB, and YWHAZ). The transcript levels of FSH-responsive genes HAS2 and PTGS2 (COX2) validated the experimental design. Among candidate TFs, MYC was down-regulated (0.35-fold; P < 0.0001), and THAP11 (RONIN) was up-regulated (1.47-fold; P = 0.016) under FSH+ conditions. In silico analyses predicted binding motifs at MYC and THAP11 genes for previously known FSH-responsive TFs. Signalling pathways (EGFR, ERK, GSK3, PKA, and P38) may execute post-translational regulation due to potential phosphorylation sites in MYC and THAP11 proteins. Prediction of protein–protein interaction networks showed MYC as a core component of FSH signalling, albeit THAP11 acts independently. Hence, MYC integrates FSH signalling networks and may assist in exploring genome-wide transcriptional changes associated with the acquisition of oocyte competence.
Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender
Authors: Gartner Corinna , Bickl Andreas , Härtl Sabine , Loy Johanna K. , Häffner Laura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
A wide range of studies indicates that men and women with Problem (PrG) and Pathological Gambling (PG) differ in several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. However, evidence for sex differences, such as the telescoping effect, is contradictory, and it is still unclear whether sex differences observed in offline gambling can also be found for online gambling. Furthermore, reviews have so far focused on binary sex differences but neglect gender aspects. In this study, an updated literature survey of sex- and gender-related differences in PrG and PG was conducted.

Methods
We searched PsyInfo, Medline/Pubmed, and the Web of Science databases from 2005 to 2020 for studies investigating sex and gender differences in gambling. A total of 126 papers were included in the literature survey.

Results
We are presenting our findings according to the categories ‘prevalence’ (offline, online, LGBTQI*), ‘sociodemographic factors’, ‘preferred gambling type’, ‘gambling motives’, ‘severity’, ‘progression of gambling problems’, ‘use of professional help/motivation for treatment’, ‘comorbidity’, ‘trauma’, ‘violence and criminality/delinquency’. The studies indicate that, despite some robust sex differences (e.g., concerning prevalence rates), results for most areas were mixed or suggest no sex differences (e.g., violence, gambling motives).

Discussion and conclusion
To date, there is a lack of studies assessing gender, and not only sex, warranting further research in this area.
Нуреrsensitivity pneumonitis combined with arterial hypertension: clinical, radiological, functional features
Authors: Medvedev A. V. , Abubikirov A. F. , Zaitseva A. S. , Mazaeva L. A. , Makaryants N. N. , Shmeleva N. M. , Shmelev E. I. 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical, radiological, functional indicators of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in combination with arterial hypertension, to assess the effect of these diseases on each other.Methods. The study included 50 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and 49 patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The patients were divided into three groups. The main group included 24 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis combined with AH. The comparison group was 26 patients with HP without AH; the control group was 25 patients with arterial hypertension alone. Clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and results of instrumental tests were analyzed.Results. The intensity of clinical symptoms (shortness of breath, cough) was significantly higher in the main group than in the control and comparison groups. Exercise tolerance estimated from the six-minute walk test was significantly lower in the main group. The clinical status correlated with the functional testResults. Volumetric and velocity spirometry values tended to decrease more in the main group compared to the other two groups. The lung diffusion capacity was significantly lower in the group of patients with HP in combination with AH compared to the group of patients with hypertension only. A similar trend was observed when assessing the chest CT: significantly more pronounced changes were found in the main group. EchoCG showed a significant increase in pulmonary hypertension and volumes of the right heart in the main group compared to the group of patients with AH alone.Conclusion. The present study provides evidence of the greater intensity of respiratory symptoms, decreased functional status, ventilation disorders, dilated heart cavities, greater risk of fatal vascular complications in patients with HP associated with hypertension.
Antimicrobial activity of serum of cystic fibrosis patients before and after lung transplantation
Authors: Arzumanyan V. G. , Ozhovan I. M. , Polishchuk V. B. , Kostinov M. P. , Ryzhov A. A. , Blagovidov D. V. 
Published: May 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic congenital disease characterized by chronic bronchopulmonary infection of bacterial and fungal origins. Numerous antimicrobial peptides (AMP) play a special role in humoral immunity in CF patients. Each AMP was characterized in detail earlier. A new method has been developed recently in the Russian Federation for estimation of the cumulative antimicrobial activity of all AMPs in different bioliquids.The aim of the study was the application of this method for the estimation of antimicrobial activity of whole sera and the AMP-containing low molecular serum fractions in patients with CF before and after lung transplantation.Methods. Sera from 11 CF patients of 24 – 33 years old obtained before and after lung transplantation were used in the study. Antimicrobial activities of the whole serum and its fractions with the molecular mass under 100 kDa were estimated by the effect of the specimens on Candida albicans test culture cells and by spectrophotometric assay of dye, which was internalized by the killed cells, as compared to the control untreated cells.Results. The total serum activity and AMP fractions activity in patients with CF were lower than in the healthy volunteers (medians): 82.3% vs 87.8 % (p ≤ 0.01) and 17.2% vs 41.9% (p ≤ 0.01). After the lung transplantation, both activities increased to 84.5% vs 33.3%, respectively. The improvement of AMP fractions activity was observed during 12 months after the transplantation. Serum albumin levels were lower in CF patients as compared to the reference values but normalized after lung transplantation.Conclusion. Obviously, the activity of the serum components of humoral immunity, which are responsible for direct antimicrobial defense, is decreased in CF patients compared to the reference values. The lung transplantation increased their activity considerably.
Cough associated with the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rational approaches to pharmacotherapy
Authors: Okovityi S. V. , Sukhanov D. S. , Zaicev A. A. 
Published: May 2022

Cough is one of the most frequent symptoms of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). It reduces the quality of life and contributes to the development of life-threatening conditions.Aim. This article analyzes modern approaches to the pharmacotherapy of cough in patients with the new coronavirus infection from the standpoint of pathogenetic justification of the use of drugs. The main mechanisms of cough development in COVID-19 presented in the literature are considered. The cough is associated with virus-induced damage to the epithelium and subsequent release of biologically active substances that irritate the afferent endings of the vagus nerve. Approaches to cough management in COVID-19 with the possible use of antitussive (central and peripheral action) and mucoactive drugs (expectorants, mucokinetics, mucolytics, mucoregulators) are addressed.Conclusion. Based on the literature data and pathogenesis, antitussive drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of cough in COVID-19.
Sepsis: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vilkov I. I. , Blinova M. M. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. To demonstrate the course of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a patient with decompensation of type 1 diabetes mellitus, to describe the applicable treatment. This case is relevant because of high mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by sepsis and multiple organ failure. The mortality is especially high when acute respiratory distress syndrome develops.Results. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by acute kidney injury, hospital-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The approach to treatment of multiple organ failure is also described.Conclusion. Life support and intensive therapy (mechanical ventilation, regular tracheobronchial debridement, hemodiafiltration, and combined drug therapy, including drugs with hyaluronidase activity) led to successful resolution of sepsis in this patient.
Judicialização da pandemia e os guidelines: autocontenção judicial no exame das escolhas trágicas envolvendo vagas em leitos de UTI realizadas por profissionais da saúde
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Ferreira dos Santos Marcel 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar, sob o ponto de vista interdisciplinar – com base na ciência médica e jurídica –, um fato escancarado pela pandemia: a escassez de serviços de saúde, especialmente leitos de UTI, e os critérios de escolha de quem vive e quem morre (“escolhas trágicas”) utilizados diariamente por profissionais da área da saúde. Como problema de pesquisa, pretende-se discutir em que medida o Estado-Juiz deve, ou não, interferir nas escolhas trágicas realizadas pela equipe de triagem de unidades hospitalares com base em guidelines, no contexto de acesso à justiça. A judicialização da pandemia é um fenômeno natural decorrente do agravamento dos problemas experimentados pela nossa sociedade no contexto de uma crise sanitária atípica. A tomada de decisão sobre quem irá ocupar leitos de UTI em um quadro fático de escassez de recursos traduz uma “escolha trágica”. Ao judiciário é reservada, a princípio, uma postura de deferência em relação à ciência médica. Em situações pontuais, todavia, impõe-se a intervenção comedida com vistas a assegurar a própria eficiência macro do sistema. A pertinência temática da pesquisa está assentada no fato de a escassez de serviços de saúde ter atingido níveis alarmantes na pandemia. Como percurso metodológico, utilizar-se-á do método hipotético-dedutivo. Aventa-se como hipótese a ser corroborada ou refutada ao longo da pesquisa que o Poder Judiciário não é a instância adequada para resolução da falta de vagas em leitos de UTI. Como procedimento, objetiva-se o aprofundamento teórico por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados da Scopus, EBSco, google acadêmico, sem olvidar protocolos de associações e entidades médicas nacionais e estrangeiras.
Cartografias e contracartografias na documentação do patrimônio. Olhares sobre Belém entre 1940 e 1960
Authors: Melo Izabella , Chaves Celma , Lima George 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo discute as relações existentes entre o patrimônio arquitetônico e documentação cartográfica em duas áreas na cidade de Belém. Nesse sentido, elegeram-se as décadas de 40 a 60 do século XX como recorte temporal, em decorrência da relevância destes anos para a conformação de uma imagem metropolitana e moderna belenense, e as áreas da Avenida Presidente Vargas e o bairro do Guamá como lugares de estudo. Utilizaram-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa documental e análise qualitativa representada por meio de cartografias existentes e elaboradas para o estudo. Constatou-se que as transformações representadas em cartografia durante o intervalo adotado, pautaram-se no discurso progressista da modernidade tendo como meio material, a modernização. Além disso, percebeu-se que os documentos produzidos celebravam processos históricos episódicos diante das questões apresentadas na totalidade da realidade da cidade. Por fim, observou-se que os silêncios e a eloquência dos mapas contribuíam para uma leitura da cidade que determinava o que deveria ou não constituir patrimônio cultural material pelos órgãos oficiais.
A ARQUITETURA: uma amante amantíssima.
Authors: Ano-Bom Moreira Luísa , Nunes Marcia Cristina Ribeiro Gonçalves 
Published: May 2022

A genialidade do arquiteto e urbanista Paulo Roberto Chaves Fernandes transformou o patrimonio histórico de Belém, boa parte oriundo do período de riqueza da borracha, deixando sua marca em projetos icônicos na capital e no interior do Estado, além de sua contribuição no campo das artes com incentivo à literatura, música e diversas manifestações artisticas e culturais. Walter Benjamin conta, em um livro sobre a vida dele em Berlin, a sua relação com a cidade e os documentos. Dizia que em cada lugar que ele ia, encontrava seu passado. Assim era Paulo Chaves, nosso arquiteto-flaneur, que mergulhava fundo em cada projeto desenvolvido por ele e sua equipe à Belém do Grã Pará que tanto amava. Sua morte, ocorrida em 17 de março de 2021, deixa-nos o melhor conjunto arquitetônico de obras públicas desse Estado, com refinamento e competência de um gênio, devolvendo à cidade parte de sua herança perdida, e muitas vezes, enterrada.
Os meios utilizados por municípios gaúchos para documentação do seu patrimônio cultural edificado
Authors: Oppermann Thies Cristiane Leticia , Viana de Souza Daniel Maurício 
Published: May 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar alguns dos instrumentos utilizados por municípios gaúchos para documentar e proteger seu patrimônio cultural, especificamente o patrimônio edificado. Isso tornou-se possível através da autonomia dada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 para os municípios complementarem leis e meios de proteção do seu patrimônio local. Com esse escopo, a pesquisa é embasada teoricamente nas legislações existentes e que foram pesquisadas no site www.leis municipais.com.br, pelas palavras chave plano diretor, tombamento, inventário, patrimônio histórico, patrimônio cultural. Sendo assim, dados oficiais foram utilizados para dar um embasamento quantitativo dos meios de proteção e depois foram analisados casos específicos de alguns municípios. Como resultado dos 497 municípios gaúchos, 255 municípios possuem Plano Diretor, apesar de somente 109 possuírem mais de vinte mil habitantes e, portanto, serem obrigados pelo estatuto da cidade a possuir Plano Diretor. Os municípios que possuem Lei de Proteção do Patrimônio são 118, e 46 possuem Conselho de Proteção ao Patrimônio. Somente 45 dos municípios do estado possuem bens tombados na esfera municipal, e poucos possuem bens inventariados pelo próprio município, ou usam poligonais ou zonas de proteção especial. É preciso que sejam incentivadas o registro e proteção de bens através de políticas públicas.
Conformación de la identidad profesional de la asistente educativa: entre los cuidados y la educación de la primera infancia
Authors: Cabrera Olguin Alicia 
Published: May 2022

Los cuidados externalizados de la primera infancia se consideran muy importantes debido a la naturaleza de la actividad que requiere de profesionales capacitados para atender el desarrollo integral de la infancia en esta etapa de la vida. En México, las asistentes educativas son una de las figuras que se encargan de ello en la heterogeneidad de Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (CENDI). Pocos estudios existen de esta figura laboral, aun cuando tiene un papel importante en la corresponsabilidad de educar, criar y asistir a las y los niños de cero a seis años, por esta razón se indagó acerca de la naturaleza de su preparación que se caracteriza por ser de corta duración, cargada de contenidos y al margen del sistema educativo. El objetivo del estudio versa en conocer cómo las herramientas que reciben en las instituciones oficiales del sistema para capacitación laboral: Centros de Capacitación para el Trabajo Industrial (CECATI) les permiten conformar su identidad profesional para realizar una labor muy delicada y socialmente desvalorada. El presente documento da cuenta de los resultados de la observación participante y la entrevista semiestructurada con estudiantes de un CECATI de la Ciudad de México: se describen las transiciones profesionales por las que atraviesan dichas estudiantes desde el momento en que deciden inscribirse y comenzar su trayecto formativo, que se complejiza por el choque que existe entre sus saberes, expectativas, historia de vida y el conocimiento sistematizado que requieren para enfrentar los cuidados de la primera infancia. La investigación completa que se integra en la tesis doctoral, de corte cualitativo, también incluyó entrevistas a profundidad a estudiantes de otro CECATI y egresadas que se encuentran laborando. La información se analizó con los referentes teóricos de las transiciones identitarias profesionales (Balleux y Gagnon, 2011; Gagnon, Mazalon y Balleux, 2012; Gagnon, 2013, Perez Roux, 2012).
Boemia romantizada, perspectivas silenciadas
Authors: Teodoro Débora Antonieta Silva Barcellos 
Published: May 2022

Com base em resultados de pesquisa interdisciplinar, embasada no método da história oral, este artigo propõe ampliar a compreensão acerca do passado de meretrício e de boemia em Diamantina-MG, tendo como marco espacial o Beco do Mota nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. Os resultados das entrevistas com pessoas que tiveram alguma relação com esse lugar apontam para perspectivas que concorrem, em certa medida, com o discurso hegemônico vigente à época, documentado em textos de jornal. A inclusão dessas novas perspectivas cria possibilidades para o questionamento do imaginário coletivo sobre esse espaço urbano, bem como para tensionar narrativas no que concerne aos sujeitos que o tornaram real.