bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An early Shh–H2O2 reciprocal regulatory interaction controls the regenerative program during zebrafish fin regeneration
Authors: Thauvin Marion , Matias de Sousa Rodolphe , Alves Marine , Volovitch Michel , Vriz Sophie , Rampon Christine 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally classified as toxic molecules, have attracted increasing interest given their actions in cell signaling. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major ROS produced by cells, acts as a second messenger to modify redox-sensitive proteins or lipids. After caudal fin amputation, tight spatiotemporal regulation of ROS is required first for wound healing and later to initiate the regenerative program. However, the mechanisms carrying out this sustained ROS production and their integration with signaling pathways remain poorly understood. We focused on the early dialog between H2O2 and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) during zebrafish fin regeneration. We demonstrate that H2O2 controls Shh expression and that Shh in turn regulates the H2O2 level via a canonical pathway. Moreover, the means of this tight reciprocal control change during the successive phases of the regenerative program. Dysregulation of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in several developmental syndromes, diabetes and cancer. These data support the existence of an early positive crosstalk between Shh and H2O2 that might be more generally involved in various processes paving the way to improve regenerative processes, particularly in vertebrates.
Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in neotropical primates from São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: MOURA DE , ADANIA CH , SOARES HS , SILVA JCR , GENNARI SM , CARDOSO L. L , LOPES AP 
Published: February 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease in neotropical primates. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in neotropical primates from São Paulo state (SP), Brazil. The modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off: 25) was used in 49 neotropical primates upon or after their admission to Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, SP, Brazil). Eight of the 49 animals (16.3%) were seropositive. The genus Sapajus had the highest antibody titer (12,800), followed by the genus Callithrix (3,200). No association (p> 0.05) was found between seroprevalence and genera (Alouatta, Callicebus, Callithrix, and Sapajus), sex or age. The three positive primates of the genera Allouataand the one of the genera Callithrix died, whereas the two seropositive Sapajus were alive. Further studies on the epidemiology of T. gondii infection are necessary in a larger sample size of captive and wild neotropical primates.
Algorithms for Queueing Systems with Reneging and Priorities Modeled as Quasi-Birth-Death Processes
Authors: Rastpour Amir , Ingolfsson Armann , Sandıkçı Burhaneddin 
Published: February 2022

We consider a Markovian multiserver queueing system with two customer classes, preemptive priorities, and reneging. We formulate this system as an infinite level-dependent quasi-birth-death process (LDQBD). We introduce an algorithm that endogenously truncates the level and calculates lower and upper bounds on stationary probabilities of this LDQBD such that the gap between the bounds can be any desired amount. Our algorithm can be applied to any LDQBD for which the rate matrices become elementwise nonincreasing above some level. This appears to be the first algorithm that provides bounds on stationary probabilities for an infinite-level LDQBD. To obtain these bounds, the algorithm first obtains lower and upper bounds on the rate matrices of the LDQBD using a novel method, which can be applied to any LDQBD. We then extend this algorithm to approximate performance measures of the system of interest and calculate exact lower and upper bounds for those that can be expressed as probabilities, such as the probability that an incoming low-priority customer will wait. We generate a wide range of instances with up to 100 servers and compare the solution times and accuracy of our algorithm with two existing algorithms. These numerical experiments indicate that our algorithm is faster than the other two algorithms for a given accuracy requirement. We investigate the impact of changing service rates on the proportion of low-priority customers served and their wait time, and we demonstrate how ignoring one of these measures can possibly mislead decision makers. Summary of Contribution: We contribute to operations research by modeling a practically important queueing system and developing an algorithm to accurately compute performance measures for that system. We also contribute to computer science by providing error and complexity analysis for the algorithm to solve a broad class of two-dimensional Markov chains with infinite state space.
Fast extended depth of focus meta-optics for varifocal functionality
Authors: Whitehead James E. M. , Zhan Alan , Colburn Shane , Huang Luocheng , Majumdar Arka 
Published: February 2022

Extended depth of focus (EDOF) optics can enable lower complexity optical imaging systems when compared to active focusing solutions. With existing EDOF optics, however, it is difficult to achieve high resolution and high collection efficiency simultaneously. The subwavelength spacing of scatterers in a meta-optic enables the engineering of very steep phase gradients; thus, meta-optics can achieve both a large physical aperture and a high numerical aperture. Here, we demonstrate a fast

(
f
/
1.75
)

EDOF meta-optic operating at visible wavelengths, with an aperture of 2 mm and focal range from 3.5 mm to 14.5 mm (286 diopters to 69 diopters), which is a

250
×

elongation of the depth of focus relative to a standard lens. Depth-independent performance is shown by imaging at a range of finite conjugates, with a minimum spatial resolution of

∼
9.84

μm

(50.8 cycles/mm). We also demonstrate operation of a directly integrated EDOF meta-optic camera module to evaluate imaging at multiple object distances, a functionality which would otherwise require a varifocal lens.
Terahertz metalens of hyper-dispersion
Authors: Zhao Fen , Li Ziping , Li Sheng , Dai Xuemei , Zhou Yi , Liao Xiaoyu , Cao J. C. , Liang Gaofeng , Shang Zhengguo , Zhang Zhihai , Wen Zhongquan , Li Hua , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2022

Chromatic optical lenses have promising applications in three-dimensional imaging, which allows fast spectral tomography without mechanical moving parts. The scanning range of current chromatic optical lenses is limited by their dispersion ability. The recent development in metasurfaces provides ideal blocks for optical wavefront manipulation and dispersion engineering of artificial materials at sub-wavelength scales. Hyper-dispersive metalenses can be realized by utilizing dispersive meta-atoms, which have enhanced dispersion compared to regular diffractive lenses. This is critical for increasing the imaging depth of fast spectral tomography. In this work, a hyper-dispersive metalens is realized with a chromatic dispersion 1.76 times greater than that of a regular diffractive metalens in the THz frequency range of 2.40–2.61 THz by simultaneously controlling the frequency-dependent phase, group delay (GD), and GD dispersion of the metalens. This approach can also be extended to other optical spectra and improve the performance of spectral tomography.
Octave-spanning microcomb generation in 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator photonics platform
Authors: Cai Lutong , Li Jingwei , Wang Ruixuan , Li Qing 
Published: February 2022

Silicon carbide has recently emerged as a promising photonics material due to its unique properties, including possessing strong second- and third-order nonlinear coefficients and hosting various color centers that can be utilized for a wealth of quantum applications. Here, we report the design and demonstration of octave-spanning microcombs in a 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform for the first time, to our knowledge. Such broadband operation is enabled by optimized nanofabrication achieving

>
1

million intrinsic quality factors in a 36-μm-radius microring resonator, and careful dispersion engineering by investigating the dispersion properties of different mode families. For example, for the fundamental transverse-electric mode whose dispersion can be tailored by simply varying the microring waveguide width, we realized a microcomb spectrum covering the wavelength range from 1100 nm to 2400 nm with an on-chip power near 120 mW. While the observed comb state is verified to be chaotic and not soliton, attaining such a large bandwidth is a crucial step towards realizing

f
−
2
f

self-referencing. In addition, we also observed a coherent soliton-crystal state for the fundamental transverse-magnetic mode, which exhibits stronger dispersion than the fundamental transverse-electric mode and hence a narrower bandwidth.
Prevalence of neural tube defects at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia. A hospital based retrospective cross-section study
Authors: Kindie Zerihun , Mulu Abay 
Published: February 2022

Background
Neural tube defect (NTD) is a structural defect of the central nervous system of the developing embryo during the first month of developmental process. Most congenital malformations are potentially preventable cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, around 10% of infant mortalities are due to nervous system defects. In Ethiopia there are limited published data regarding the prevalence and established preventive strategy of NTDs. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of NTDs among pregnancy outcomes in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital (DBRH), Ethiopia.

Methods
Hospital based retrospective cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted on registration of all pregnancy outcomes from August 30, 2017 to August 30, 2019 at DBRH, Ethiopia. The collected data were checked for completeness and consistencies, and cleaned, coded and entered using Epi data version 4.2 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 for analysis. Variables were interpreted per 1000 pregnancies and those variables having p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
The total prevalence of NTDs was 10.9 (95% CI 8.9 to 13.3) per 1000 pregnancies and the prevalence of each NTD type was anencephaly 5.6 (95% CI 4.2 to 7.4) per 1000 pregnancies, spina bifida 3.5 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.9) per 1000 pregnancies, encephalocele 1.1 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.0) per 1000 pregnancies, and both spina bifida and anencephaly 0.7(95% CI 0.3 to 1.4) per 1000 pregnancies. Among livebirths, aborted, stillbirths and medically terminated pregnancies (n = 8862), there were 50 anencephaly cases, 31 spina bifida cases, 10 encephalocele cases, and 6 cases affected by both spina bifida and anencephaly.

Conclusion
The prevalence of NTDs in this study was among the highest globally reported. The total prevalence was 10.9 per 1000 pregnancies. Increased periconceptional folic acid use, counseling for women with certain medical illnesses at higher risk for NTDs, and early maternal screening for genetic factors are possible approaches to reduce in NTDs in the population.
mRNA Covid-19 vaccines in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Pratama Nando Reza , Wafa Ifan Ali , Budi David Setyo , Putra Manesha , Wardhana Manggala Pasca , Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Pregnancy is a known risk factor for severe Coronavirus disease 2019. It is important to develop safe vaccines that elicit strong maternal and fetal antibody responses.

Methods
Registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO Clinical Trial Registry, and the European Union Clinical Trial Registry) and databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Proquest, Springer, medRxiv, and bioRxiv) were systematically searched in June 20–22, 2021, for research articles pertaining to Covid-19 and pregnancy. Manual searches of bioRxiv and medRxiv were also conducted. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women, while review articles and non-human studies were excluded. Infection rate, maternal antibody response, transplacental antibody transfer, and adverse events were described.

Results
There were 13 observational studies with a total of 48,039 pregnant women who received mRNA vaccines. Of those, three studies investigated infection rate, six studies investigated maternal antibody response, seven studies investigated antibody transfer, three studies reported local adverse events, and five studies reported systemic adverse events. The available data suggested that the mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna) can prevent future SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines did not show clear harm in pregnancy. The most commonly encountered adverse reactions were pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache, but these were transient. Antibody responses were rapid after the first vaccine dose. After the booster, antibody responses were stronger and associated with better transplacental antibody transfer. Longer intervals between first vaccination dose and delivery were also associated with higher antibody fetal IgG and a better antibody transfer ratio.

Conclusions
The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are encouraged for pregnancy. These vaccines can be a safe option for pregnant women and their fetuses. Two vaccine doses are recommended for more robust maternal and fetal antibody responses. Longer latency is associated with higher fetal antibody responses. Further research about its long-term effect on pregnancy is needed.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO (CRD42021261684).
Predictors of lower limb fractures in general Japanese: NIPPON DATA90
Authors: Saito Yoshino , Miura Katsuyuki , Arima Hisatomi , Hayakawa Takehito , Takashima Naoyuki , Kita Yoshikuni , Okuda Nagako , Fujiyoshi Akira , Iwahori Toshiyuki , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Torii Sayuki , Kadota Aya , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Okayama Akira , Okamura Tomonori , Ueshima Hirotsugu ,   for the NIPPON DATA90 Research Group
Published: February 2022

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the incidence rates and predictors of lower limb fractures in a general Japanese population.

Methods
NIPPON DATA is a nationwide, long-term, prospective cohort study of individuals who participated in the National Cardiovascular Survey Japan and the National Nutrition Survey in 1990. Overall, 3,134 individuals (1,827 women, 1,307 men) who participated in follow-up assessments in 1995, 2000, and/or 2006 were included in the present analysis. The outcomes of this study were lower limb fractures (including proximal femur fractures).

Results
The mean age at baseline was 63.8 years in women and 63.1 years in men. The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 in women and 22.9 kg/m2 in men. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 271 total lower limb fractures were observed. In women, older age, lower BMI, and less intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur fractures. With regard to the outcome of total lower limb fractures, less intake of vegetables and regular exercise were significant predictors in women. Calcium intake was not significantly associated with proximal femur or total lower limb fractures. There were no significant predictors of proximal femur or total lower limb fractures in men, except for age.

Conclusions
Aging was a significant risk factor for proximal femur and total lower limb fractures in both men and women. With regard to modifiable risk factors, low BMI and low intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur and/or total lower limb fractures in the general population of Japanese women.
Randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a brief, communication-based, substance use preventive intervention for parents of adolescents: Protocol for the SUPPER Project (Substance Use Prevention Promoted by Eating family meals Regularly)
Authors: Skeer Margie R. , Sabelli Rachael A. , Rancaño Katherine M. , Lee-Bravatti Michelle , Ryan Emma C. , Eliasziw Misha , Spirito Anthony 
Published: February 2022

Background
Substance use among adolescents in the U.S. is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes in the long-term. Universal youth-focused substance use prevention programs have demonstrated effectiveness but are often not sustainable due to the significant amount of time, effort, and resources required. We describe a trial protocol for a brief, low-participant-burden intervention to improve substance use-specific parent-child communication through the promotion of family meals and increased parental engagement.

Methods
This study is a parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a 13-week intervention. A total of 500 dyads of parents and their 5th-7th grade children are recruited from across Massachusetts. Dyads are randomized to the intervention or attention-control condition using block urn randomization, based on child grade, gender, and school. Parents/guardians in the substance use preventive intervention arm receive a short handbook, attend two meetings with an interventionist, and receive two SMS messages per week. Parents/guardians in the control arm receive the same dose but with content focused on nutrition, physical activity, and weight stigma. Participant dyads submit videos of family meals, audio recordings of prompted conversations, and quantitative surveys over an 18-month period (baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 months post-intervention). The primary outcomes measure the quantity and quality of parent-child substance use conversations and proximal child indicators (i.e., substance use attitudes and expectancies, affiliation with substance-using peers, and intentions and willingness to use substances). The secondary outcome is child substance use initiation.

Discussion
This is a novel, brief, communication-focused intervention for parents/guardians that was designed to reduce participant burden. The intervention has the potential to improve parent-child engagement and communication and conversations about substance use specifically and decrease child substance use risk factors and substance use initiation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03925220. Registered on 24 April 2019.
Systems analysis of immune responses to attenuated P. falciparum malaria sporozoite vaccination reveals excessive inflammatory signatures correlating with impaired immunity
Authors: Du Ying , Hertoghs Nina , Duffy Fergal J. , Carnes Jason , McDermott Suzanne M. , Neal Maxwell L. , Schwedhelm Katharine V. , McElrath M. Juliana , De Rosa Stephen C. , Aitchison John D. , Stuart Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2022

Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) can confer sterilizing protection against malaria, although the mechanisms behind this protection are incompletely understood. We performed a systems biology analysis of samples from the Immunization by Mosquito with Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites (IMRAS) trial, which comprised P. falciparum RAS-immunized (PfRAS), malaria-naive participants whose protection from malaria infection was subsequently assessed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Blood samples collected after initial PfRAS immunization were analyzed to compare immune responses between protected and non-protected volunteers leveraging integrative analysis of whole blood RNA-seq, high parameter flow cytometry, and single cell CITEseq of PBMCs. This analysis revealed differences in early innate immune responses indicating divergent paths associated with protection. In particular, elevated levels of inflammatory responses early after the initial immunization were detrimental for the development of protective adaptive immunity. Specifically, non-classical monocytes and early type I interferon responses induced within 1 day of PfRAS vaccination correlated with impaired immunity. Non-protected individuals also showed an increase in Th2 polarized T cell responses whereas we observed a trend towards increased Th1 and T-bet+ CD8 T cell responses in protected individuals. Temporal differences in genes associated with natural killer cells suggest an important role in immune regulation by these cells. These findings give insight into the immune responses that confer protection against malaria and may guide further malaria vaccine development.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525.
Cessação do tabagismo em tempos de pandemia: o cuidado farmacêutico na equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Nascimento Nilzangela cavalcante , Gualano Flávia , Santos Gabriela Cristina dos , Lara Tatyana Martucci de 
Published: February 2022

O cuidado farmacêutico é a ação integrada do farmacêutico com a equipe de saúde, centrada no usuário, para promoção, proteção, recuperação da saúde e prevenção de agravos. Em 11 de março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a doença causada pelo novo coronavírus uma pandemia. Estudos mostram que fumantes fazem parte do grupo de risco para a contaminação. Além disso, o tabagismo tem papel de destaque no agravamento da crise do novo coronavírus, já que pode ser considerado um fator de risco para as formas mais graves da Covid-19, causando diferentes tipos de inflamação e prejudicando os mecanismos de defesa do organismo. Para garantir que os pacientes fumantes tivessem acesso ao tratamento de cessação do tabagismo, foi instituído cuidado farmacêutico individualizado na equipe multiprofissional. Os atendimentos neste formato iniciaram em janeiro de 2021 e, até agosto do mesmo ano, foram atendidos 33 pacientes, sendo 46% mulheres e 54% homens. A média da faixa etária para mulheres foi de 50 anos e para homens foi de 61 anos. Os resultados obtidos pelos atendimentos e registro em prontuário foram impactantes, pois 87% conseguiram parar de fumar e, dentre os pacientes atendidos, 21 (64%) necessitaram de intervenção farmacêutica. Como consolidação do trabalho foi realizado o primeiro evento sobre o dia nacional de combate ao tabagismo e, como resultados, 294 pacientes participaram de atividades como palestras, música, teatro e auriculoterapia livre. A valorização do farmacêutico e sua inserção nos Programas de Saúde contribuem para o fortalecimento da equipe e para melhores resultados em saúde.