bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block in Knee Osteoarthritis with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Rathore Rajshree , Joshi Mrinal , Saharan Anchin , Agrawal Himanshu 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Osteoarthritis(OA) remains one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. It was thought to be a non-inflammatory, wear and tear disorder, but recent studies have suggested the presence of a neuropathic pain component. Genicular nerve block has emerged as a new intervention to manage the neuropathic component of pain in knee OA.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective, hospital-based descriptive interventional study. Persons having OA with neuropathic pain component were identified using PainDETECT scale. We randomised the participants meeting the inclusion criteria into two groups. In the study group with thirty participants, we performed an ultrasound-guided triple-site genicular nerve block. The control group of equal size underwent conservative management. Participants were assessed using PainDETECT scale, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks.

Results:
In the study group, PainDETECT score decreased from 24.93±1.99 at baseline to 8.07±2.97 at 2weeks and 7.9±2.87 at 4weeks. WOMAC significantly improved in the study group from 94.27±8.35 to 48.43±10.14 at 4weeks. VAS score also decreased in the study group from 9.2±0.71 to 4.73±1.44 at 2weeks and 4.53±1.28 at 4weeks. The control group also showed a significant decrease in PainDETECT score from 24.13±1.17 to 12.07±1.36 at 4weeks. However, a decrease in VAS score(from 9.13±0.68 to 7.67±0.67 at 4weeks) and WOMAC(from 97±4.49 to 88.5±4.93 at 4weeks) was less significant.

Conclusion:
Genicular nerve block provides significant pain relief and improved functional outcome in OA knee with neuropathic pain component. Furthermore, it is more effective than conservative management.
Relationship between Digit Ratio of 2D
Authors: Chen Tongjun , Xiang Jianmei , Teng Shaokang , Huang Zhongqing , Li Xiaoliang , Huang Liping , Chen Huihua , Luo Baoying 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Studying the association between finger length ratios of 2D:4D and the physical health among college students of Han ethnicity in Southern Fujian can provide an indirect macrobiology reference index for early predictions of physical health status.

Material and Methods:
A total of 835 students in Southern Fujian were selected as test subjects through a stratified cluster sampling method. The 2D:4D ratio was recorded using physical measurement methods. The body mass index (BMI), vital capacity, 50-m run, and sit-and-reach test results were collected and analyzed based on the National Student's Health Standards.

Results:
Among male Han college students in Southern Fujian, the left 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity and sit-and-reach test results, while the right 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, and sit-and-reach test results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation result of physical health. Among female Han college students in Southern Fujian, the left 2D:4D ratio was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, and 800-m run results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation result of physical health. The right 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, 800-m run, and sit-and-reach test results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation results of physical health. The comprehensive evaluation results of physical health were statistically significant differences among low, medium, and high bilateral 2D:4D groups of female students, with poorer results in the high 2D:4D group than that of the medium and low 2D:4D groups.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The bilateral 2D:4D ratio of female and right 2D:4D ratio of male Han college students in Southern Fujian has a correlation with the comprehensive evaluation of physical health, which can serve as one of the reference indexes for adolescents' early health education, physical health monitoring, dietary intervention, and athlete selection.
Carotid Intima–Media Thickness
Authors: Khatri Garima , Singh Mohan , Bika Sunita , Joshi Khushboo , Swami Nirmala 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally, with more than 85% of deaths from stroke occurring in developing countries. It is also reported as the major sequel of head and neck irradiation and has not received the attention it deserves. The contribution of various risk factors to the burden of stroke worldwide is unknown, particularly in countries of low and middle income. We aimed to establish the association of known and emerging risk factors, the carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), with stroke in postradiotherapy patients with head and neck malignancies, also aimed to establish whether carotid IMT (cIMT) is an independent risk factor to predict future stroke.

Material and Methods:
The study recruited 501 subjects. 151 irradiated patients with head and neck malignancy, formed case group. Three hundred and fifty nonirradiated apparently healthy controls formed control group. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups on the basis of gender and presence or absence of classical atherogenic risk factors, i.e. totally 8 groups were structured. All subjects were measured for their cIMT by color Doppler, b-mode ultrasonography and were also made to complete a questionnaire to assess other cardiovascular risk factors. The Framingham score system was used to predict probability of stroke.

Results:
Study described higher values of cIMT and total points for risk factors in cases than in controls and the difference was again statistically significant (P = 0.0001).

Discussion and Conclusion:
CIMT clearly indicated to act as an independent risk factor to predict stroke and is suggested to be worked on to be incorporated in the Framingham score.
Variations of the Circle of Willis Determined Via Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Ðevukaj Mimoza , Nosek Igor , Vuković Miloš , Kozić Duško 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The circle of Willis (CoW) represents the collateral pathway between large brain-feeding arteries, the knowledge of which is important in interventional and neurosurgical procedures, in the diagnosis and planning of procedures in acute stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aim:
The study aims to determine the prevalence of variations of the CoW in patients from Serbia via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted as a retrospective study at the Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed in 665 patients of both sexes (471 females and 194 males), who underwent MRA during 2018 and 2019.

Results:
Complete CoW was found in 48.42% of cases, mostly in females (68.01%). Partially complete CoW and incomplete CoW were encountered in 38.05% and 13.55% of patients, mostly in females (73.52% and 73.33%). Anterior circulation variations were seen in 27.41% of cases, higher in females (63.83%), most commonly A1 anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia (9.32%). Posterior circulation variations were seen in 46.36% of cases, higher in females (79.25%), most commonly posterior communicating (PCom) artery hypoplasia (25.56%). Combined variations were seen in 26.24% of patients, with higher prevalence in females (73.33%). The prevalence of variations of posterior circulation between male and female patients was statistically significant (P = 0.007) and was higher in females.

Discussion and Conclusion:
This study showed that the most common variations were that of the posterior circulation, most commonly PCom artery hypoplasia. Complete CoW was found in <50% of cases (48.42%).
Virtual portraits from rotating selfies
Authors: Lee Yongsik , Jang Jinhyuk , Yang Seungjoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSelfies are a popular form of photography. However, due to physical constraints, the compositions of selfies are limited. We present algorithms for creating virtual portraits with interesting compositions from a set of selfies. The selfies are taken at the same location while the user spins around. The scene is analyzed using multiple selfies to determine the locations of the camera, subject, and background. Then, a view from a virtual camera is synthesized. We present two use cases. After rearranging the distances between the camera, subject, and background, we render a virtual view from a camera with a longer focal length. Following that, changes in perspective and lens characteristics caused by new compositions and focal lengths are simulated. Second, a virtual panoramic view with a larger field of view is rendered, with the user's image placed in a preferred location. In our experiments, virtual portraits with a wide range of focal lengths were obtained using a device equipped with a lens that has only one focal length. The rendered portraits included compositions that would be photographed with actual lenses. Our proposed algorithms can provide new use cases in which selfie compositions are not limited by a camera's focal length or distance from the camera.
Human body model electrostatic discharge tester using metal oxide semiconductor‐controlled thyristors
Authors: Jung Dong Yun , Park Kun Sik , Kim Sang In , Kwon Sungkyu , Cho Doo Hyung , Jang Hyun Gyu , Won Jongil , Lim Jong‐Won 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrostatic discharge (ESD) testing for human body model tests is an essential part of the reliability evaluation of electronic/electrical devices and components. However, global environmental concerns have called for the need to replace the mercury‐wetted relay switches, which have been used in ESD testers. Therefore, herein, we propose an ESD tester using metal oxide semiconductor‐controlled thyristor (MCT) devices with a significantly higher rising rate of anode current (di/dt) characteristics. These MCTs, which have a breakdown voltage beyond 3000 V, were developed through an in‐house foundry. As a replacement for the existing mercury relays, the proposed ESD tester with the developed MCT satisfies all the requirements stipulated in the JS‐001 standard for conditions at or below 2000 V. Moreover, unlike traditional relays, the proposed ESD tester does not generate resonance; therefore, no additional circuitry is required for resonant removal. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed ESD tester is the first study to meet the JS‐001 specification by applying a new switch instead of an existing mercury‐wetted relay.
Effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles on viability of BAP3 hybridoma cells
Authors: Lazarev S. S. , Bochkova M. S. , Timganova V. P. , Rayev M. B. 
Published: September 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material, which is likely to find applications in the fields of medicine and biotechnology. However, the current knowledge of its influence on human organism is limited. Even less information is available on the effects of GO on the cell lines widely used in biotechnology. The aim of this work is to describe the interaction between GO nanoparticles and BAP3 hybridoma cells which produce anti-human-PSG1 IgG, in vitro. We studied the effect of GO nanoparticles on cell viability and the intensity of internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles by the cells. We used GO nanoparticles of different size, with surface being functionalized by linear or branched PEG (GO-PEG). The PEG coating level was 20% (by mass). The following nanoparticle concentrations were used: 5 g/mL and 25 g/mL. The BAP3 cells were cultured in a 48-well cell culture plates in serum-free DCCM-1 media in the presence of GO nanoparticles. The cells were cultured for 24 hours at 37 С and 5% СО2. Cell viability was assessed by a flow cytometer utilizing Zombie Aqua (ZA) staining. Internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles was monitored using a flow cytometer by GO fluorescense in the samples (ex = 488 nm). Moreover, interactions between hybridoma cells and GO nanoparticles were visualized by EVOS M5000 visualization system, which included an inverted fluorescent microscope.
We demonstrated that GO nanoparticles possess a cytotoxic effect when applied at high concentration (25 g/mL). The highest cytotoxic effect is caused by GO nanoparticles coated with linear PEG. The degree of nanoparticle internalization (adhesion) was shown to be significantly lower when the particles were present at lower (5 g/mL) concentration. Internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles of smaller size was more abundant. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were shown to have a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to larger particles. In general, cytotoxicity of GO nanoparticles decreases with increasing size, which is especially evident if the fact that the mean effective diameter of the nanoparticles coated with branched PEG is considered larger than their linear PEG-coated counterparts. The data obtained allow us to draw a correlation between the cytotoxic effect of GO nanoparticles and the level of their internalization (adhesion) by the cells. In general, this work concerns some novel aspects of interaction between GO nanoparticles and hybridoma cells.
GC Insights: Diversifying the geosciences in higher education: a manifesto for change
Authors: Hall Caitlyn A. , Illingworth Sam , Mohadjer Solmaz , Roxy Mathew Koll , Poku Craig , Otu-Larbi Frederick , Reano Darryl , Freilich Mara , Veisaga Maria-Luisa , Valencia Miguel , Morales Joey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. There is still a significant lack of diversity and equity in geoscience
education, even after decades of work and widespread calls for improvement
and action. We join fellow community voices in calls for improved diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in the geosciences. Here, in this manifesto, we present a list of opportunities for educators to bring about this cultural shift within higher education: (1) advocating for institutional change, (2) incorporating diverse perspectives and authors in curricula, (3) teaching historical and socio-political contexts of geoscience information, (4) connecting geoscience principles to more geographically diverse locations, (5) implementing different communication styles that consider different ways of knowing and learning, and (6) empowering learner transformation and agency.
Prologue: The Future of Rehabilitation Counseling Professional Associations
Authors: Phillips Brian N. , Boland Elizabeth A. , Edwards Yolanda V. , Zanskas Stephen A. 
Published: September 2022

Professional associations are the primary instrument for meeting the interests of a profession. However, the steady decline of membership that began in the 1970s in rehabilitation counseling associations has reduced their resources and limited their ability to advocate for the discipline (Phillips & Leahy, 2012). In 1981, in the early years of membership decline, the Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling published a special issue focusing on the potential consolidation of rehabilitation counseling associations. The special issue concluded with a call to survey rehabilitation counselors for their perspectives on the topic (Emener, 1981). Despite the special issue becoming the “benchmark publication” intended (Field & Emener, 1981, p. 59), no decisive action was taken following its publication and no survey conducted. In the articles that follow, we present information about the current and future state of rehabilitation counseling professional associations, relying heavily on the quantitative and qualitative responses of 2,608 rehabilitation counseling professionals. More concisely, this special issue finally answers the call from over 40 years ago to seek the input of rehabilitation counselors on the question of consolidation. In addition to introducing the articles in this special issue, we provide a historical sketch of rehabilitation counseling associations and membership trends that is key to understanding the debate around consolidation.
CO2 capture and utilisation and the integration, Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels
Authors: Wu Chunfei , Zhou Hui 
Published: September 2022

CO2 capture and utilisation and the integrationCO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is a sustainable process that can partially close the carbon cycle. It is attractive to store the excess and uncertain supply of energy from renewable sources to stable chemical energy. Increasing studies have been carried out on integrated CO2 capture and utilization (ICCU) to reduce the cost of the overall process by eliminating transportation and storage of the CO2. ICCU could achieve in-situ CO2 adsorption, separation and conversion using dual-function catalysts (DFMs), consisting of CO2 adsorbents and catalysts. ICCU avoid temperature swing sorbent regeneration, which is considered an energy-intensive process. Integrating CO2 capture and utilization via reverse water-gas shift reaction (ICCU-RWGS) is particularly attractive due to the important industrial value of syngas. Furthermore, the in-situ CO2 utilization can outperform conventional RWGS in relation to CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. Herein, we achieved very promising ICCU-RWGS performance by CaO-alone and functionalizing CaO using active transition metals (e.g. Ni and Fe). Excellent CO2 adsorption and extremely efficient CO2 conversion can be achieved with simple materials, outperforming traditional separated CO2 capture and catalytic conversion processes.Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuelsCurrently, the conversion of captured CO2 into value-added chemicals or fuels is considered a key strategy to mitigate the yet increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, in particular when combined with H2 obtained using renewable energy. Depending on the catalyst and the reaction conditions used, thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation can give CO, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), methane, or heavier hydrocarbons. MXene materials, that is, a family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides with the general formula of Mn +1XnTx (where M is an early transition metal, n = 1, 2, 3, X is C and/or N and T are surface –O–, –OH and/or –F groups), are currently emerging in thermocatalytic applications as catalysts or supports with reactive metal–support interactions. Enabled by the scalable synthesis of MXenes, we report a gram-scale synthesis of a phase-pure multilayered hexagonal 2D-Mo2C material with only Mo-terminated basal planes. 2D-Mo2C is by a factor of six per mass of catalyst more active for CO formation than the reference β-Mo2C catalyst and shows no deactivation on stream for more than 100 h. We also report that silica-supported, dispersed, reducible nanosheets of a delaminated molybdenum MXene, Mo2CTx, can be used to engineer a Cu/Mo2CTx interface that shows an at least six times increased intrinsic formation rate of methanol by the direct hydrogenation of CO2 compared to Cu/SiO2.
An Innovative Finite Volume Method for Discretizing Hyperbolic Systems of Conservations Laws
Authors: Maire Pierre-Henri 
Published: September 2022

This work describes a novel subface flux-based Finite Volume (FV) method for discretizing multi-
dimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws over general unstructured grids. The subface flux
numerical approximation relies on the notion of simple Eulerian Riemann solver introduced in the sem-
inal work [2]. The Eulerian Riemann solver is constructed from its Lagrangian counterpart by means
of the Lagrange-to-Euler mapping. This systematic procedure ensures the transfer of good properties
such as positivity preservation and entropy stability [2, 1]. In this framework, the conservativity and
the entropy stability are no more locally face-based but result respectively from a node-based vectorial
equation and a scalar inequation. The corresponding multi-dimensional FV scheme is characterized by
an explicit time step condition ensuring positivity preservation and entropy stability. The application
to gas dynamics provides an original multi-dimensional conservative and entropy-stable FV scheme
wherein the numerical fluxes are computed through a nodal solver which is similar to the one designed
for Lagrangian hydrodynamics [3]. We also observe that the present approach relies on an approximate
Riemann solver for Eulerian gas dynamics characterized by naturally ordered wave speeds contrarily
to the one introduced in [4]. The robustness and the accuracy of this novel FV scheme are assessed
through various numerical tests. We observe its insensitivity to the numerical pathologies that plague
classical face-based contact discontinuity preserving FV formulations.
PCR detection of genes encoded antibiotic resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia that isolated from clinical infections
Authors: AL-Khafajy Sura Qasssem Shaheed , ALMuhana Abbas S. J. , AL-sham Jaafar Ahmed Abdulmunem Baqr 
Published: September 2022

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, Gram-negative, no fermentative bacteria. It is an uncommon bacteria that is difficult to treat in people. The initial term was Bacterium bookeri, however it was eventually renamed to Pseudomonas maltophilia. It was resistant to multiple antibiotics, and its mechanisms also include acquired and intrinsic resistance. It is innately multi drug resistant (MDR) and found in watery and humid environments in the environment. Aim of study: The study amid to see if there were any antibiotic resistance genes in specimens that were found in S. maltophilia. Materials and methods: The S. maltophilia isolates were isolated and identified from 250 of clinical specimens, biochemically analyzed, susceptibility test by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and genetically screened for antibiotic resistance genes using a traditional (PCR). Results: The molecular profile revealed that (L1Q gene) was identified in 20 (100 %) of S. maltophilia isolates and (L2Q gene) was found in 20 (90 %) of S. maltophilia isolates for β- lactamase antibiotics, and (Aph gene) was found in 20 (15 %) of S. maltophilia isolates for aminoglycoside.
Effects of Climate Responsive Strategies and Adaptive Behavior of Occupants on Thermal Comfort in Indoor Environments of Vernacular Architecture: A Review of Necessities and Goals
Authors: Ali Sargazi Mohammad , Tahbaz Mansoureh 
Published: September 2022

This study addresses the goals, reasons, and necessities of analyzing the effects of climate responsive strategies and adaptive behavior on thermal comfort in the indoor environments of vernacular architecture. For this purpose, 86 studies were reviewed, including 71 studies about climate responsive strategies and 15 others about adaptive behavior in vernacular architecture and dwellings that were carried out between 2000 and 2018. The research methodology included a statistical survey and analysis of necessities and goals of the studies reviewed in this paper. To this end, the designated studies were analyzed and reviewed from different aspects, such as the history and process of formation, keywords, goals, reasons, and necessities of research.
According to the findings, the most important research goals of climate responsive strategies include (1) analyzing the thermal performance of buildings, and (2) identifying the effects of these strategies on the thermal quality of indoor environments. Moreover, the most prominent research goals of adaptive behaviors in vernacular architecture and residences include (1) evaluating thermal comfort, (2) identifying and analyzing adaptive methods and behaviors, and (3) identifying the existing obstacles. The research necessities of these two areas can also be divided into three sections, i.e. identification of advantages, practical reasons, and addressing research gaps. Another research finding was identification of the concepts pertaining to these two areas.