bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of verbal de-escalation in reducing need for mechanical restraint in patients with psychotic disorders during non-voluntary transfers from home to the psychiatric emergency department
Authors: Miranda Ruiz E. , Gonzalez A. , Samos P. , Bellsola M. , Sabate A. , Leon J. , Jerónimo M.A. , Pérez-Solà V. , Martin L.M. , Corcoles D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLittle is known about the need for mechanical restraint during non-voluntary transfers from patient’s homes to the psychiatric emergency department in patients diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia. Although there is no evidence of its efficacy, one of the main tools used for the reduction of mechanical restraints is verbal de-escalation training.ObjectivesThe aim is to describe which symptoms predispose to mechanical restrain in patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia transferred in a non-voluntary manner from home to the psychiatric emergency department, and the effect on reducing mechanical restraints after receiving verbal de-escalation training.MethodsAll patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia who, after being visited by a home psychiatry team, have required non-voluntary transfer from their homes to the psychiatric emergency department were selected (N = 442).ResultsYoung age, being male, having a poor adherence to treatment, higher scores for de following variables; Excitement, Grandiosity, Suspiciousness, Hostility, Abstract thinking, Motor tension, Uncooperativeness, Poor attention, Lack of insight and Poor impulse control as well as lower scores in motor retardation on the PANSS, are related to a higher frequency of mechanical restrain (P<0,005). Before the verbal de-escalation training, 43.9% of the transferred patients required mechanical restraint, after the training, the need for restraints was reduced to 25.5% (P<0.001).ConclusionsTraining in verbal de-escalation has allowed an important reduction in mechanical restraints in patients with schizophrenia who have required non-voluntary transfers from home to the psychiatric emergency department.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Ekbom’s syndrome in an HIV man: a case report
Authors: Paiva Pajares D. , Hernández Peláez C. , Martínez Muelas A. , López Isern M. , Castelló Pons T. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Ekbom’s syndrome, also known as delusional parasitosis, is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the delusional belief that the body is infested by parasites, small organisms or materials. Multiple etiologies have been described such as psychiatric and neurological disorders, substance intoxication or other medical conditions. We present a case of Ekbom’s syndrome in an individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).ObjectivesTo report a case of a patient with Ekbom’s syndrome and HIV.MethodsA 33-years-old man assists to the emergency unit in order to excessive drowsiness. During the evaluation an antihistamin overdose is confirmed. The patient justifies taking it by claiming to have parasites all over the skin, a fact that is ruled out. Medical history is reviewed presenting multiple visits to GP for thinking that he has parasites, performing medical examinations without alterations. Toxicological, hemogram, biochemistry, hormonal and vitamin study did not show alterations.ResultsDue to the symptoms presented, it was decided to start antipsychotic therapy. At the beginning, the patient is not aware of needing treatment other than antiparasitic. After optimizing the olanzapine dose to reach 20 mg / day, the patient denied experiencing tactile and visual hallucinations.ConclusionsEkbom’s syndrome is a multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder, individuals infected with HIV are at increased risk of psychotic disorders. The patient was diagnosed of psychotic disorder due to another medical condition because the history of HIV preceded the history of delusional content.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Analysis of mortality from suicide in the Altai Republic, Russia, for the period of 1990-2019
Authors: Semenova N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Altai Republic (AR) is a national republic of the Russian Federation (RF), where the indigenous people – Altaians live, and where a high death rate from suicide is recorded.ObjectivesTo analyze the dynamics of mortality from suicide in the AR for the period from 1990 to 2019.Methods

Data on mortality of the population were obtained from the Russian databases of demographic indicators. The data were analyzed in terms of indicators standardized per 100,000 population.ResultsIn the AR, as well as in the RF as a whole, there has been an increase in the level of suicide since 1990, but in Altai it lasted for a longer period of time – for 13 years. Throughout the entire period, the suicide rates in the AR have consistently exceeded the all-Russian indicators by 1.5-3 times, and by 2019 the gap in indicators has doubled compared to 1990. The curve of mortality from suicide in the AR has a fluctuating character with spontaneous peaks, in contrast to the curve in the RF that has the form of a “plateau”.Conclusions
In the AR, the mortality rate from suicide consistently exceeds the all-Russian indicators, by 2019 the gap in indicators has doubled. The mortality curve is fluctuating, which we associate with clustering of suicides. This phenomenon requires further study.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The epidemiology of distress: prevalence and associated factors of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness at the end of the first wave of COVID-19 in Qatar
Authors: Khaled S. , Haddad P. , Woodruff P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is paucity of epidemiological studies from the Arab world and most of the focus of available international data is on the early months of the pandemic.ObjectivesWe conducted the first cross-sectional national phone survey of adults in Qatar during the end of the first wave of the pandemic (December 2020 -January 2021) to estimate the prevalence and determinants of depression and/or anxiety.MethodsWe used the Physician Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 with cut-off scores of ≥10; the revised UCLA loneliness scale; and questions related to COVID-19 status, death of family or friend, quarantine, health and changes in living arrangements. Bivariate and logistic regression models estimated associations between thirteen variables and combined depression-anxiety (score of 20 or higher).Results

The two-week prevalence of depression was 6.5% (95%CI: 5.1-8.4), of anxiety 5.1% (95%CI: 3.8-6.9), but only 2.5% sought mental health professional help since the pandemic started. When including loneliness (OR=1.57, p (<0.001) in the model, the following variables were statistically significantly associated with depression-anxiety: female gender (OR=1.90, p=0.037), Qatari nationality (OR=2.37, p=0.018), Arab ethnicity (OR=3.14, p=0.007), and COVID-19 death of family or friend (OR=3.06, p=0.003). Without adjusting for loneliness, younger age (18-29 versus 40+ years of age: OR=2.9, p=0.004) and chronic health conditions (OR=2.0, p=0.029) were significantly associated with depression-anxiety.ConclusionsPrevalence of depression and/or anxiety during the end of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar was similar to pre-pandemic estimates. Mental health service should focus on young adults, women, the bereaved, lonely and those with chronic health problems.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Treatment of Insomnia in Multimorbid Elderly
Authors: Stoppe G. 
Published: September 2022

The treatment of sleep disorders in older people requires knowledge of the changes in sleep in old age. In the case of multimorbid older people, pharmacological aspects such as interactions must also be taken into account. Sleep in old age is characterised by a lower depth of sleep and more frequent awakenings. The duration of sleep corresponds to that in middle adulthood. In multimorbid older people, sleep is often chronically impaired by pain and/or obstructive breathing disorders. Many medications can have a negative effect on sleep. This applies to cortisone, for example. Antipsychotics can also worsen sleep by worsening nocturnal myoclonia. Ideally, sleep disorders should first be addressed non-pharmacologically. For benzodiazepines, preparations with a short half-life should be chosen. An algorithm is presented. References:Gulia KK, Kumar VM. Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge. Psychogeriatrics 2018;18(3):155-165. Samara MT, Huhn M, Chiocchia V, Schneider-Thoma
J, Wiegand M, Salanti G, Leucht S. Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of all available treatments for insomnia in the elderly: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ActaPsychiatr Scand. 2020;142(1):6-17.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Safer communities; how the first forensic community mental health team helped improve mental health, battle stigma, and reduce offending
Authors: Siddiqui M.H. , Reagu S. , Al Abdulla M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionQatar established its Forensic Community Mental Health Team (FCMHT) in 2019 as part of the region’s first comprehensive forensic psychiatry service. We present here the data on clinical and offending outcomes since its establishment and compare this with data from before the service was establishedObjectivesTo compare clinical and offending outcomes in mental health patients with criminal offending histories in Qatar before and after the establishment of Forensic Community Mental Health Team (FCMHT).MethodsThis is a retrospective study comparing the socio-demographical characteristics, clinical outcome and recidivism measures of forensic patients, under the FCMHT for the last two years with data from a similar period before the services were in place.ResultsData for 170 patients in total was analyzed. 85 patients currently under the active care of forensic community team were matched with a comparable group before the establishment of the services. The re-admission and reoffending rates after the establishment of the service over 1 year of follow up was 15% and 20% respectively compared with 60% and 85% of the group before the service.ConclusionsSince its inception, the FCMHT has made significant positive impact on quality of life, mental well-being and safety of patients under its care. Close working relationships with criminal justice system, families and carers has helped fight stigma and promote safer community.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Description of a clinical intervention among patients admitted to the medium secure forensic psychiatric services in Central Denmark Region
Authors: Jentz C. , Sandbæk A. , Andersen A. , Kennedy H. , Sørensen L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia suffer from increased mortality rates equivalent to 15-20 years shorter life expectancy. Up to 60% of this excess mortality can be explained by preventable, somatic conditions like cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory comorbidities. As forensic psychiatric (FP) patients often experience the triple stigmatization of mental illness, substance misuse and criminal conviction, the risk of suboptimal diagnosis and treatment may be high. Although benefits from the addition of general practitioner (GP) services to non-FP wards have been shown elsewhere, this cross-sectoral approach has never been attempted in a Danish FP ward.ObjectivesOne purpose of this project is to evaluate the associations between self-reported quality of life and objective measures of somatic health.MethodsA clinical intervention in which a GP consults patients in all medium secure wards in the Central Denmark Region (N=72). The consultation includes a physical examination, medication review, and evaluation of blood samples. Data is collected from: electronic patient files and questionnaires regarding quality of life (SF-12), lifestyle, and attitude towards GP services.ResultsThe population will be described in regards to socio-demographic, clinical, and forensic characteristics. Associations will be made between quality of life (SF-12), metabolic syndrome, blood markers, and heart-SCORE risk. Risk profiles for endocrinologic and coronary illness will be examined.ConclusionsResults may guide future health interventions and will be used as a basis for adjustments to the current project.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Quality of Life, Risk and Recovery in a National Forensic Mental Health Service: A D-FOREST study from DUNDRUM Hospital
Authors: Amin H. , Edet I. , Basrak N. , Crudden G. , Kennedy H. , Davoren M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSecure forensic mental health services have a dual role, to treat mental disorder and reduce violent recidivism. Quality of life is a method of assessing an individual patients’ perception of their own life and is linked to personal recovery. Placement in secure forensic hospital settings should not be a barrier to achieving meaningful quality of life. The WHO-QuOL measure is a self-rated tool, internationally validated used to measure patients own perception of their quality of life.ObjectivesThis aim of this study was to assess self-reported quality of life in a complete National cohort of forensic in-patients, and ascertain the associations between quality of life and measures of violence risk, recovery and functioning.Methods

This is a cross sectional study, set in Dundrum Hospital, the site of Ireland’s National Forensic Mental Health Service. It therefore includes a complete national cohort of forensic in-patients. The WHO-QuOL was offered to all 95 in-patients in Dundrum Hospital during December 2020 – January 2021, as was PANSS (Positive and Negative Symptoms for Schizophrenia Scale). During the study period the researchers collated the scores from HCR-20 (violence risk), therapeutic programme completion (DUNDRUM-3) and recovery (DUNDRUM-4). Data was gathered as part of the Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST).ResultsLower scores on dynamic violence risk, better recovery and functioning scores were associated with higher self-rated quality of life.ConclusionsThe quality of life scale was meaningful in a secure forensic hospital setting. Further analysis will test relationships between symptoms, risk and protective factors and global function.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sedentary Behaviour in the Secure Forensic Hospital Setting: A Study from Dundrum Hospital Ireland
Authors: Gibbons A. , Hoare T. , Kirrane K. , Kennedy H. , Davoren M. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Secure forensic mental health services offer care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders, with high rates of schizophrenia and major mental illness in these groups. Much of the excess morbidity and mortality seen among patients with schizophrenia is due to cardiovascular disease and obesity. Sedentary behaviour is associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia and obesity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to ascertain the level of sedentary behaviour among inpatients in a secure forensic psychiatric hospital, Dundrum, Ireland, using a structured self-report measure of sedentary behaviours, the SIT-Q
tool.MethodsA cross sectional study of self-reported sedentary behaviour was completed amongst the secure forensic inpatient population of Dundrum Hospital (N=94). Demographic details, details pertaining to diagnoses, ward level of dependency and length of stay were collated.ResultsThe majority of patients in the sample were male (89%) and the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (71.7%). Mean age was 44.7 years (SD 11.42). 58.2% met criteria for obesity. We found high rates of self-reported sedentary behaviour across all wards of the service, with significantly high rates of sedentary behaviour being associated with screen time use in the hospital, including both personal screen time and therapeutic sessions based on screen time.Conclusions
Sedentary behaviour among in-patients in secure forensic hospitals is a significant issue. Measuring sedentary behaviour in a systematic manner is possible and identifies a potentially modifiable target to reduce co-morbidity and pre-mature mortality independent of other risk factors in this vulnerable patient group.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders in Tunisian prisons
Authors: Kacem M. , Bouali W. , Karkeni N. , Faouel N. , Zarrouk L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe estimation of the percentage of mentally ill among prisoners and of the most severe psychiatric disorders has been the subject of few studies in Tunisia.Objectives
To study in a general way the extent of psychiatric disorders among prisoners. To describe the socio-demographic and judicial characteristics of prisoners. To describe the clinical, evolutionary and therapeutic characteristics of the main psychiatric disorders.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out over a period of 4 months (February 2021-May 2021) on one hundred and twelve inmates of the civil prison of Mahdia followed in psychiatry. Data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. It is made up of 30 items.ResultsThe prevalence of mental disorders in prison was 9.03%. The descriptive study revealed an average age of 37.57 years, a majority having a single marital status (62.5%), the professional activity before imprisonment were workers in 61.6%, a history of imprisonment more than twice in 62.5% of cases and 50.89% declared having been victims of physical acts, psychological or sexual abuse during their childhood. Murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking and rape were the most frequent offenses with respective rates of 25.2; 17.07; 13.82 and 9.75%. Anxiety was noted in 53.57% of cases, of the respondents, depressive syndrome was in 28.57% of cases, schizophrenia was reported in 18, 75% of cases and substance-related disorders were noted in 21.42% of cases.ConclusionsLongitudinal studies should, in the coming years, try to understand the impact of imprisonment on the onset and evolution of psychiatric disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the perpetrators of sexual assaults assessed at the psychiatric department of Mahdia
Authors: Kacem M. , Bouali W. , Charaa O. , Faouel N. , Zarrouk L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSexual assault constitutes a major problem in Tunisian society. There is no definitive typology of the characteristics of those who sexually assault. The great diversity of sexual assault behaviors and the different underlying motivations do not allow us to describe a typical profile of the sexual assailant. There may be cognitive, personality trait, lifestyle, and pathway distortions involved in the etiology and maintenance of deviant sexual behaviors.ObjectivesTo establish the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the perpetrators of sexual assault appraised in the psychiatric service of Mahdia.MethodsThis is a descriptive retrospective file-based study on all subjects assessed at the Taher Sfar Mahdia psychiatric department for sexual assault during the period from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2020.ResultsOur sample consisted of 18 interviewed subjects. The median age was 40 years with extremes of age of the accused ranging from 30 to 61 years. The entire population is male. He was essentially of average socio-economic level. A psychiatric diagnosis was retained in 50% of the perpetrators of sexual assault: bipolar disorder (27.7%), schizophrenia (11.1%), antisocial type personality disorders (5.5%) and mental retardation (5.5%). Indecent assault was the most common assault followed by rape. The minors were victims in 33.3% of the cases Among those arrested, 72% were considered responsible for their acts and only one is considered irresponsible.ConclusionsThe studies having focused on the characteristics of the sexual aggressors concluded with a profile of the young man, single and badly inserted which does not constitute in any case a typical profile.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clinical and psychological features of the brain organization of mental activity in children with autistic disorders
Authors: Pustovaya A. , Gutkevich E. , Shushpanova O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) – nosological continuum of genetically and clinically heterogeneous mental disorders united by complex violation of mental development, social interaction and behavior.ObjectivesIdentify the features of brain functioning in children with ASD.Methods
Neuropsychological diagnostics (Zh. Glozman), results acoustic brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP), mathematical methods. The study involved 48 children with diagnoses (ICD-10): F84. 0, F84. 1, F84.5, aged 3 to 8 years (average age 4.18 years).ResultsNeuropsychological examination revealed the main Indices of the functioning of brain blocks: the Index of activation and energy components of activity (I Index), the Index of the right-hemisphere holistic strategy of information processing (Index II-rights), the Index of the left-hemisphere analytical strategy of information processing (Index II-left), the Index of programming, regulation and control of activity (III Index). Then the children were divided into groups (p<0.001): 1 group – 10 children with high I Index (W = -6.03); 2 – 20 children with high Index II-rights (W = -5.74); 3 – 18 children with high III Index (W = -2.32). Correlation analysis showed: for group 1 difficulties in the perception of auditory information are characteristic; for group 2 – reduced level of control over the course of mental activity, difficulties in automating thinking and speech, coordination of movements; for group 3 – relationship is not manifested.ConclusionsPhonemic perception causes the greatest difficulties in children of group 1. Children of group 2 are characterized by difficulties in the formation of motor speech skills, a decrease in voluntary activity and control over it.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Organising Joint Primary & Secondary Care (CPA) Reviews for severe mental health disorders hosted at GP practice in Walsall UK, an exemplar of collaborative working
Authors: Afghan S.S. , Shanker A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionProvision of holisitc, accessible and high quality mental health care to the patients requires sharing of responsibilities & resources, enhanced communication & collaboration at the interface (primary care systems and secondary care mental health services). An innovative model of single point of care for people with severe and enduring mental health problems hosted at a primary care (GP) setting has been developed and evaluated in Walsall, UK.ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate an integrated (multidisciplinary) approach of managing health & social care needs of people with severe mental health disorders.MethodsPeople with severe & enduring mental health problems were reviewed in primary care (N=65). A comprehensive physical, mental and psychosocial assessments were undertaken by the clinicians that included GP, Psychiatrist and Care-Coordinator.The reviews included: 1) A review of physical health indicators based on the Lester toolkit by practice pharmacist/nurse, including lifestyle, body weight, BMI and blood pressure. 2) Individualised interventions included physical / psychiatric prescribing, social prescribing and advise on lifestyle changes. Stable patients were recommended for stepping down from the secondary care. Outcomes included Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ).ResultsSatisfaction on the PSQ was rated from very good to excellent. Results highlighted multiple benefits including trust generation, improved communication among professionals, physical health screening and prompt clinical decision making (e.g. referral / prescribing). Other benefits included patient access & satisfaction, time and cost efficiency by reducing the number of reviews.ConclusionsThe integtrated CPA reviews offers efficient, holisitc & cost effective model of care with high satisfaction levels for patients and is replicable.DisclosureNo significant relationships.