bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TİBBİ SIĞORTA SİSTEMİ VƏ İCBARİ TİBBİ SIĞORTA MODELLƏRİNİNMÜQAYİSƏLİ TƏHLİLİ
Authors: Səidə Ramis qızı HÜSEYNOVA  
Published: February 2025

Tədqiqatın əsas məqsədi tibbi sığorta sisteminin spesifik xüsusiyyətlərininmüəyyən edilməsi və sistemin ayrılmaz hissəsi olan sığorta fondlarının yaradılması istiqamətində müxtəlif yanaşmalar və sığorta nəzəriyyəsində fundamental amil kimi qəbul edilən üç əsas tibbi sığorta modellərinin öyrənilməsi və bu modellərin müxtəlif ölkələrdə tətbiqi təcrübəsinin təhlilidir. Bu məqsədlə məqalədə qabaqcıl beynəlxalq təcrübə, ölkələrin müəyyən göstəriciləri tədqiq edilmişdir. Tədqiqat işi elmi abstraksiya və sistemli təhlil, məntiqi ümumiləşdirmə, statistik təhlil kimi tədqiqat üsulları əsasında yerinə yetirilmişdir. Tədqiqatın nəticəsi olaraq bir sıra icbari tibbi sığorta modelləri araşdırılmış və güclü və zəif tərəfləri müəyyən edilmişdir. Eyni zamanda qabaqcıl təcrübənin tətbiqi imkanları və milli xüsusiyyətlərin nəzərə alınması məsələsi araşdırılmışdır.Tədqiqatın məhdudiyyətləri: daha geniş praktik informasiya tələb edir.Tədqiqatın praktik əhəmiyyəti: səhiyyə siyasətinin hazırlanması, səhiyyəsahəsinin maliyyələşdirilməsi, tibbi sığorta sahəsində tədqiqatla raparan və bu sahədə çalışan mütəxəssislərin bu sahəyə yanaşmasında, eləcə də elmi və əməli biliklərinin zənginləşdirilməsində müsbət rol oynaya bilər. Tədqiqatın elmi yeniliyi və orijinallığı:tibbi sığorta konsepti, xüsusilə icbari tibbi sığorta araşdırılmış, sığorta sistemində sığorta fondlarının rolu və onların yaranma prosesi, icbari tibbi sığortanın tətbiqində yeni yanaşmanın ortaya qoyulması, yəni proqramların daha uzunmüddətli olmasının xarici təcrübəyə istinad edilərək əsaslandırıması tədqiqatın yeniliyi kimi qəbul edilə bilər.
Correlation Analysis of Quality Characteristics in Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Genotypes
Authors: Srikanth Vadthya , Harikanth P. , Suchitra V. , Reeja S. , Sathish G. 
Published: February 2025

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a tropical fruit tree belonging to the Leguminosae family, renowned for its unique sweet and tangy flavour. This study analysed the correlation among tamarind quality parameters, uncovering several statistically significant relationships that offer valuable insights into the biochemical and physiological factors influencing fruit quality and yield. TSS exhibited a strong positive correlation with both reducing sugars (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) and total sugars (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), indicating that an increase in TSS is associated with a higher sugar concentration in tamarind fruits. The pH displayed a moderate positive correlation with total sugars (r = 0.47, p < 0.05). A significant inverse relationship was observed between non-reducing sugars and reducing sugars (r = -0.64, p < 0.01). This indicates that during tamarind fruit ripening, non-reducing sugars like sucrose are biochemically converted into reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose, a common process observed in many ripening fruits. Total sugars exhibited a significant positive correlation with reducing sugars (r = 0.7, p < 0.01). Tartaric acid, the primary organic acid in tamarind, showed a significant negative correlation with total sugar (r = -0.51, p < 0.05) while as Pod yield per tree showed low negative correlations with key quality traits such as TSS (r = -0.293), pH (r = -0.37) and reducing sugars (r = -0.22), suggesting that trees with higher yields might produce fruits with marginally reduced sugar content and acidity.
Kontrollierter Kontrollverlust – Verantwortlichkeit und immaterieller Schaden im Online-Datenschutz — Zugleich Anmerkung zu EuG v. 8.1.2025 – T-354/22 – Bindl/Kommission
Authors: Gieseler Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die DSGVO schützt die Kontrolle über die eigenen personenbezogenen Daten - ergo ist die Schwelle zum immateriellen Schaden niedrig, wenn DSGVO-Verstöße diese Kontrolle beeinträchtigen. Internet-Nutzerinnen müssen indes - hinreichende Transparenz vorausgesetzt - mit den Datenverarbeitungen leben, die sie zwangsläufig auslösen. Klickt jemand auf einen Link, besteht daher, anders als das EuG es zuletzt entschied, weder eine Verantwortlichkeit der verlinkenden Webseitenbetreiberin noch ein Schaden bei der betroffenen Person.
Recent Developments in Women’s Health Research at the US National Institutes of Health
Authors: Clayton Janine Austin , Bianchi Diana W. , Hodes Richard , Schwetz Tara A. , Bertagnolli Monica 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceThis article highlights key National Institutes of Health (NIH) programs, policies, and scientific advances that have informed and improved the health of women and describe the promise and potential of harnessing cutting-edge science and integrative approaches to advance women’s health research. Policy updates combined with recent scientific and programmatic initiatives are intended to expand understanding of women’s health, deliver diagnostics, and develop preventive approaches and novel therapies to meet critical health needs of contemporary women.ObservationsTo benefit all people through the work funded and conducted by the NIH biomedical research enterprise, NIH has implemented policies that broadly expanded the knowledge of human health and disease from the laboratory to the clinic. Historically, women’s health research initially focused on reproductive health and female-specific conditions. It has since expanded to encompass all aspects of the health of women. As new knowledge is generated, novel insights are uncovered about how diseases and conditions affect women uniquely, differently, or disproportionately and how sex and gender, as biological and social factors, respectively, influence health and disease at multiple levels. Although cutting-edge research has generated scientific advances leading to lifesaving vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments for women, many still do not have access to them. Thus, the White House announced an initiative that catalyzes innovative, integrative women’s health research and propels translation from basic science to practical benefits, improving outcomes for all women across the lifespan.Conclusions and RelevanceNIH’s policies, programs, and research funding fill gaps in knowledge about the health of women. Their synergistic results generate evidence for data-driven decision-making and targeted interventions that will improve the health not just of women, but of all people.
Comparison of Outcomes Between Low-Risk Aortic Valve Replacement Trials and a Surgical Registry
Authors: Mori Makoto , Shioda Kayoko , Waldron Christina , Huang Chenxi , Gaudino Mario , George Isaac , Takayama Hiroo , Geirsson Arnar 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceIt remains unknown whether outcomes of the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves 3 (PARTNER 3) and Evolut Low Risk trials are comparable with surgical outcomes in nontrial settings, considering the added risk of concomitant cardiac operations.ObjectiveTo compare 30-day mortality and stroke incidences of patients in the surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) arm of low-risk trials with those of similar patients in the US Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (STS ACSD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional sampling study was conducted of adults in the STS ACSD with severe aortic stenosis at low surgical risk for AVR who underwent SAVR during the years low-risk AVR trials (PARTNER 3 and Evolut Low Risk) were enrolling (calendar years 2016-2018). After trial exclusion criteria were applied, 1000 samples were created, each including 1000 patients selected from the STS ACSD according to the likelihood-based selection probabilities to achieve similar STS predicted risk of mortality (PROM) distribution to the trial participants. The distribution of 30-day mortality and stroke rates among these samples were compared with the results from the trials. The analysis was conducted between October 2, 2023, and May 27, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were 30-day postoperative mortality and stroke.ResultsAmong 25 811 patients at low risk undergoing SAVR, the mean (SD) age was 71 (7) years, including 650 220 men (65%). The probability-based sampling yielded a trial-like sample with STS PROM (mean [SD], 1.9% [0.6%]) and concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery frequencies of 13%, comparable with the trials. Among the sampled cohorts, the mean (SD) 30-day mortality rate was 1.39% (0.38%) which was not significantly different from the mortality rate in PARTNER 3 (1.1%) (P = .83) and Evolut Low Risk (1.3%) (P = .65). The stroke rate was 1.25% (0.36%), significantly lower than PARTNER 3 (2.4%) (P = .002) and Evolut Low Risk (3.4%) (P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the national samples of low-risk trial-like patients undergoing SAVR during the trial enrollment period had similar 30-day mortality but a lower incidence of stroke compared with the SAVR arm of both low-risk trials. These findings overall suggest that the low-risk trial findings may be generalizable to the broader national SAVR cohort.
Adaptive Friction Compensation for Tracking Control With Position Error Constraints of Servo Control Systems: A Switched System Point of View
Authors: Tian Xiaoyi , Ma Ruicheng , Gao Zhe , Qu Yuanchao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper will investigate the adaptive backstepping friction compensator for a class of servo control systems from a switched system point of view. Firstly, by introducing a convergence‐invariant unbounded transformation, the position error bounds are incorporated into the original system. Secondly, an integral term is introduced to increase the robustness and the ‐backstepping technique is utilized to deal with the sign‐indefinite term. Then, an adaptive controller with a Coulomb friction estimator is obtained and the generated closed‐loop error system has the upper block‐triangle structure, which can be treated as a pair of cascade‐connected systems. Further, the common Lyapunov function (CLF) is obtained. The objects of asymptotical tracking with position error constraints and identification of the Coulomb friction coefficient can be realized. By similar methods, we propose adaptive friction compensators for the viscous friction model and the Coulomb & viscous model. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.
Closed‐Loop Recyclable High‐Performance Aerogels Derived from Polystyrene
Authors: Xiong Yufei , Wang Chang‐lin , Dong Lijie , Tomović Željko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUpcycling of low valuable plastic waste into materials with enhanced properties helps progress toward establishing a plastics circular economy. Furthermore, implementing recyclability as a core design criterium for newly formed materials can significantly increase their impact on sustainability, yet rarely explored. In this work, the upcycling of polystyrene (PS) waste is presented into closed‐loop recyclable high‐performance aerogels. Through a simple post‐functionalization process, PS is aminated to generate a polyfunctional amine, which is then reacted with aldehydes to form a recyclable cross‐linked imine network. This network is subsequently dried to produce poly(styrene‐imine) aerogels (PSAs). The resulting PSAs exhibit excellent thermally insulating properties, along with low density, outstanding mechanical strength, and intrinsic hydrophobicity. More importantly, these aerogels show quantitative depolymerization under acidic aqueous conditions, back to their original precursors which can be recovered in high yield and purity and reused for the synthesis of fresh aerogels with nearly identical material properties, thus achieving closed‐loop recycling. This work presents an efficient method for upcycling of chemically non‐recyclable plastics into recyclable and high value‐added advanced aerogel materials, offering a new pathway for establishing a circular economy for plastics.
Recent Progress of Solution‐Processed Thickness‐Insensitive Cathode Interlayers for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Ping , Song Can , Du Yating , Wang Jianbin , Wang Jing , Sun Lixian , Gao Feng , Xue Qifan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have shown great applications potential in flexible/wearable electronics, indoor photovoltaics and so on. The efficiencies of single‐junction OSCs have exceeded 19%, making the commercialization of OSCs brighter. Large‐area printing fabrication is a key way to the commercialization of OSCs, and solution‐processed thickness‐insensitive cathode interlayers (CILs) are urgently needed for large‐area printing fabrication. High electron mobility of cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) is critical to enable thickness‐insensitive CILs. N‐type self‐doped characteristics can endow organic CIMs with high electron mobility. Different type of n‐type self‐doped CIMs show different applicability in conventional OSCs and inverted OSCs. External n‐type dopants can further increase electron mobility of hybrid blends. Particularly, ZnO doped with organic dyes can achieve superior photoconductivity in inverted OSCs. This review focuses on solution‐processed thickness‐insensitive CILs for high‐performance OSCs. In conventional OSCs, n‐type self‐doped small molecules and polymers, and external n‐doped hybrid blends as thickness‐insensitive CILs are summarized. In inverted OSCs, n‐type self‐doped small‐molecular electrolytes and polyelectrolytes, PEI‐/PEIE‐based polyelectrolytes, and external n‐doped hybrid blends (including organic‐organic and ZnO‐organic) are summarized for thickness‐insensitive CILs. The relationships between particular functions of CILs and chemical structures of CIMs are highlighted. Finally, summary and outlook of solution‐processed thickness‐insensitive CILs are provided.
Bimetallic Ruthenium‐Cobalt Catalyst Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Electrochemical Sensing of Isoleucine
Authors: Arıcı Omrüye Ozok , Caglar Aykut , Najri Bassam A. , Aktaş Nahit , Kivrak Arif , Kivrak Hilal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, a bimetallic Ru‐Co catalyst based on carbon nanotubes (Ru‐Co/CNT) with a Ru to Co ratio of 95:5 is developed. The catalyst, featuring a total metal loading of 3% on the CNTs, is synthesized using the NaBH4 reduction method. Several analytical analyses are used to detect the properties of the Ru‐Co/CNT catalyst. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) provides information on crystal structures of the catalysts, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) reveals particle size and distribution, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) measures the elemental composition, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) use to investigate the chemical oxidation states. In addition, thermal techniques including temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO), and temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) are used to recognize the active sites on the catalyst's surface and the acidity. Then, the Ru‐Co/CNT catalyst is applied as a sensor for isoleucine amino acid for the first time. It shows high performance with these parameters, sensitivity (0.002 mA cm−2 mm), LOD – limit of detection (0.04 µm), and LOQ – limit of quantification (0.12 µm). Moreover, the interferences of common serum blood including (D‐glucose, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and L‐tryptophan) are studied. The findings indicated that the sensor is applicable to work in complex biological systems.
Self‐Organized Growth of Catalyst‐Free Single Crystal WnO3n‐2 (n = 25) Nanowire Bundles on Si (111) via Selective He+ Ion Irradiation
Authors: Bilokur Maryna , Thompson Matt , Arnold Matthew , Corr Cormac 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTungsten oxides (WOx) possess unique properties due to a synergy of multiple effects arising from their wide range of stoichiometric and sub‐stoichiometric compositions, defect chemistry, and polymorphism. Synthesis and incorporation of 1D WOx nano‐assemblies is an attractive pathway to enable highly efficient next‐generation photocatalysts, sensors, and optoelectronic devices offering tunability over electro‐optical response in a wide range of the spectrum, from UV–vis to NIR. However, synthesis of the metal oxide nano‐patterns represents a technological challenge, often requiring the presence of a catalyst. Herein, a simple and economical method of synthesizing a catalyst‐free self‐organized sub‐stoichiometric WnO3n‐2 (n = 25) single crystal nanowire bundles by selectively irradiating a Mo‐Ni doped WOx surface with low‐energy He+ ions (27 eV) at 700 °C is reported. The synergetic effect of multiple factors including temperature, effective local electric field along the exposed area of the sample, and the micro‐gap between the mask and the WOx (Mo – Ni) film, suitable oxygen content, doping, as well as shielding the nanowire growth area from the direct He+ ion irradiation is suggested to drive the single‐crystal wire growth. Adjustment is also observed in the effective refractive index and extinction coefficient values in the synthesized WnO3n‐2 nanorods across the solar spectrum.
Proton Conduction of a Hydrothermally Synthesized Hexaazatriphenylene‐Based Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Okamura Yuki , Tanada Yousuke , Sasano Mikiya , Akagi Keita , Isobe Momoka , Tsuchiya Shoko , Takimoto Naoki , Kobayashi Fumiya , Tadokoro Makoto , Kanai Kaname 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecently, hexaazatriphenylene (HA)‐based covalent organic frameworks have garnered attention as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells due to their robust framework and strong ion‐trapping capabilities. In this study, quinone‐functionalized HA‐based covalent organic frameworks (HAQ‐COFs) are synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis. This method is much simpler than the synthesis methods previously reported, and is also suitable for mass production. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared measurements reveal that HAQ‐COF exhibits a crystal structure where 2D molecular layers, formed by HA units and bridging paraquinone units, are stacked, creating pores that align to form channels for ion transport. Thermogravimetry and XRD measurements, as a function of temperature, demonstrate that HAQ‐COF exhibits high water retention capacity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and has greater thermal stability than other PEMs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that the proton conductivity of HAQ‐COF remains nearly unaffected by changes in external humidity, allowing it to sustain high proton conductivity even under sudden humidity drops. Moreover, the activation energy for proton hopping conduction in HAQ‐COF is significantly lower compared to that of similar proton conductors.
Precision Control of Aerosol Jet Printing for Conformal Electronics Fabrication with Ultra‐Fine and Wide‐Range Resolution
Authors: Li Geng , Wang Shang , Zhang Zhongwei , Sun Yuxin , Wen Jiayue , Feng Jiayun , Wang Shujun , Sun Qing , Tian Yanhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAerosol jet printing (AJP) is a cutting‐edge additive manufacturing technique, ideal for fabricating conformal electronics due to its extended working distance, simplicity, and environmental sustainability. However, achieving optimal resolution is hindered by complex interactions between aerosol droplets and substrates, as well as the influence of various process parameters. This study focuses on precise AJP control to enable high‐resolution conformal electronics fabrication. Through randomized single‐factor experiments, the effects of gas flow rates, focusing ratio, and print speed, highlighting the role of back pressure on focusing limits are examined. A computational fluid dynamics model, incorporating accurate particle size data, predicts aerosol stream width to expedite operating window identification. The interaction mechanisms between aerosol droplets and substrates are elucidated, achieving a resolution of 5 µm. A precision manufacturing protocol is developed, ensuring high‐quality features with resolutions ranging from 10 to 300 µm across diverse 3D substrates without overspray. The successful integration of a heater, temperature sensor, and display demonstrates AJP's potential for multi‐functional conformal electronics.
Pressure Effects on Physical Properties of Binary Rare Earth Mono‐Pnictide YBi for Optoelectronics Applications
Authors: Ali Md. Lokman , Hossain Zihad , Mim Sanzida Naznin , Saha Samiron Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBinary rare earth mono‐pnictides (REMPs) have garnered significant attention for their unique multifaceted nature and versatility. This study comprehensively explores the structural, mechanical, elastic, electronic, optical, thermodynamic, and vibrational properties of YBi using density functional theory (DFT) calculations under pressure. Furthermore, electronic property analysis uncovers the metallic behavior of YBi, with and without spin–orbit coupling, while optical properties exhibit pressure dependency, including infrared dielectric impact, Drude‐like metallic behavior, pressure‐dependent refractive index changes, high UV reflectivity, and transitions, suggesting potential applications in solar heating reduction. Moreover, the study highlights YBi's direction‐dependent mechanical behavior and moderate anisotropic characteristics, indicating a trend toward stronger anisotropy with increasing pressure. Investigation of the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, total entropy, heat capacity, and Debye temperature of YBi across different pressures and temperatures sheds light on its thermodynamic stability and vibrational modes within the crystal lattice. Additionally, this study indicates dynamic stability against mechanical perturbations, with the phonon density of states shifting toward higher values under external pressure. Overall, this study highlights the multifaceted nature of YBi, positioning it as a promising material for both fundamental research and practical applications.
Inverse Design of AlGaN/GaN HEMT RF Device with Source Connected Field Plate
Authors: Das Aurick , Arnab Saimur Rahman , Xiang Xiaofeng , Palash Rafid Hassan , Hossain Toiyob , Sikder Bejoy , Yagyu Eiji , Nakamura Marika , Teo Koon Hoo , Chowdhury Nadim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study introduces a novel approach in the prediction, design, and optimization of Breakdown Voltage (BV) and Leakage Current in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) with a source‐connected field plate (SCFP) using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. For the first time, the concept of inverse design is applied to the HEMT structures, enabling the accurate prediction of structural parameters from key performance metrics. Additionally, a novel method for predicting current collapse based on the peak electric field in the access region is proposed, offering a faster alternative to traditional pulsed DC analysis. The electrical performance of the reference device is optimized through a unique approach that combines a genetic algorithm with the ANN model, incorporating data augmentation to ensure high accuracy. The ANN demonstrated exceptional precision, achieving an score of 99% and an error rate below 1%. To validate the model's predictions, TCAD simulations were performed on the Pareto‐optimal solutions, yielding a minimum error rate of 1.67%. This work marks a significant step forward in applying machine learning to AlGaN/GaN HEMT device design, offering a novel, efficient alternative to traditional simulation methods and paving the way for a more energy‐efficient device design process.