bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of physical activity and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization: a dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Li Dan , Jin Shengzhen , Lu Songtao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany people have experienced a high burden due to the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its serious consequences for health and everyday life. Prior studies have reported that physical activity (PA) may lower the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. The present meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022339672) explored the dose– response relationship between PA and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization.MethodsEpidemiological observational studies on the relationship between PA and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization were included. Categorical dose–response relationships between PA and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization were assessed using random effect models. Robust error meta-regression models assessed the continuous relationship between PA (metabolic equivalent [MET]–h/week) and COVID-19 hospitalization risk across studies reporting quantitative PA estimates.ResultsSeventeen observational studies (cohort\case–control\cross-section) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Categorical dose-relationship analysis showed a 40% (risk ratio (RR) 0.60, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.48–0.71) reduction in the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization compared to the lowest dose of PA. The results of the continuous dose–response relationship showed a non-linear inverse relationship (Pnon-linearity < 0.05) between PA and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. When total PA was less than or greater than 10 Met-h/week, an increase of 4 Met-h/week was associated with a 14% (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.85–0.87) and 11% (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.90) reduction in the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, respectively.ConclusionsThere was an inverse non-linear dose–response relationship between PA level and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Doses of the guideline-recommended minimum PA levels by WTO may be required for more substantial reductions in the COVID-19 hospitalization risk.
Systematic review of candidate prognostic factors for falling in older adults identified from motion analysis of challenging walking tasks
Authors: Dubbeldam Rosemary , Lee Yu Yuan , Pennone Juliana , Mochizuki Luis , Mouel Charlotte Le 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe objective of this systematic review is to identify motion analysis parameters measured during challenging walking tasks which can predict fall risk in the older population. Numerous studies have attempted to predict fall risk from the motion analysis of standing balance or steady walking. However, most falls do not occur during steady gait but occur due to challenging centre of mass displacements or environmental hazards resulting in slipping, tripping or falls on stairs. We conducted a systematic review of motion analysis parameters during stair climbing, perturbed walking and obstacle crossing, predictive of fall risk in healthy older adults. We searched the databases of Pubmed, Scopus and IEEEexplore.A total of 78 articles were included, of which 62 simply compared a group of younger to a group of older adults. Importantly, the differences found between younger and older adults did not match those found between older adults at higher and lower risk of falls. Two prospective and six retrospective fall history studies were included. The other eight studies compared two groups of older adults with higher or lower risk based on mental or physical performance, functional decline, unsteadiness complaints or task performance. A wide range of parameters were reported, including outcomes related to success, timing, foot and step, centre of mass, force plates, dynamic stability, joints and segments. Due to the large variety in parameter assessment methods, a meta-analysis was not possible. Despite the range of parameters assessed, only a few candidate prognostic factors could be identified: older adults with a retrospective fall history demonstrated a significant largerstep length variability, largerstep time variability, andprolonged anticipatory postural adjustmentsin obstacle crossing compared to older adults without a fall history. Older adults who fell during a tripping perturbation had alarger angular momentumthan those who did not fall. Lastly, in an obstacle course,reduced gait flexibility(i.e., change in stepping pattern relative to unobstructed walking) was a prognostic factor for falling in daily life. We provided recommendations for future fall risk assessment in terms of study design.In conclusion, studies comparing older to younger adults cannot be used to explore relationships between fall risk and motion analysis parameters. Even when comparing two older adult populations, it is necessary to measure fall history to identify fall risk prognostic factors.
Dynamic Predictive Coding: A Model of Hierarchical Sequence Learning and Prediction in the Neocortex
Authors: Jiang Linxing Preston , Rao Rajesh P. N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce dynamic predictive coding, a hierarchical model of spatiotemporal prediction and sequence learning in the neocortex. The model assumes that higher cortical levels modulate the temporal dynamics of lower levels, correcting their predictions of dynamics using prediction errors. As a result, lower levels form representations that encode sequences at shorter timescales (e.g., a single step) while higher levels form representations that encode sequences at longer timescales (e.g., an entire sequence). We tested this model using a two-level neural network, where the top-down modulation creates low-dimensional combinations of a set of learned temporal dynamics to explain input sequences. When trained on natural videos, the lower-level model neurons developed spacetime receptive fields similar to those of simple cells in the primary visual cortex while the higher-level responses spanned longer timescales, mimicking temporal response hierarchies in the cortex. Additionally, the network’s hierarchical sequence representation exhibited both predictive and postdictive effects resembling those observed in visual motion processing in humans (e.g., in the flash-lag illusion). When coupled with an associative memory emulating the role of the hippocampus, the model allowed episodic memories to be stored and retrieved, supporting cue-triggered recall of an input sequence similar to activity recall in the visual cortex. When extended to three hierarchical levels, the model learned progressively more abstract temporal representations along the hierarchy. Taken together, our results suggest that cortical processing and learning of sequences can be interpreted as dynamic predictive coding based on a hierarchical spatiotemporal generative model of the visual world.Author SummaryThe brain is adept at predicting stimuli and events at multiple timescales. How do the neuronal networks in the brain achieve this remarkable capability? We propose that the neocortex employs dynamic predictive coding to learn hierarchical spatiotemporal representations. Using computer simulations, we show that when exposed to natural videos, a hierarchical neural network that minimizes prediction errors develops stable and longer timescale responses at the higher level; lower-level neurons learn space-time receptive fields similar to the receptive fields of primary visual cortical cells. The same network also exhibits several effects in visual motion processing and supports cue-triggered activity recall. Our results provide a new framework for understanding the genesis of temporal response hierarchies and activity recall in the neocortex.
An examination of the association between interim audits and final audits
Authors: Lin Hsiao-Lun , Yen Ai-Ru 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the association between interim audits and final audits. The authors focus on whether interim audits affect the audit time lag and the risk of restatement associated with final audits.Design/methodology/approachTwo regression models are established to empirically test if an interim audit helps to reduce the audit time lag and the restatement risk on annual reports based on a sample of Chinese listed firms.FindingsThe authors find that performing interim audits helps to reduce the audit time lag. This result suggests that final audits can be completed more efficiently when interim audits are performed during the same period. The authors also find that the decision to audit interim reports is associated with a lower risk of restating annual reports. The lower risk of restatement in turn suggests more effective final audit results.Originality/valueTogether, the results from this study demonstrate that interim audits could benefit final audits, which highlight the value and importance of the continuous auditing.
How do markets react to political elections during periods of insecurity and governance crises? Evidence from an African emerging democracy
Authors: Afego Pyemo N. , Bala Abdullahi Dahiru A. , Tijjani Bashir , Alagidede Imhotep Paul 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper operationalizes insecurity and governance crises to study their effects on stock market response to two political events in Nigeria – the 2015 and 2019 presidential elections.Design/methodology/approachAn event study was used to capture the market responses. Abnormal returns at the aggregate and sectoral levels were measured over several time windows before and after the respective election results were announced.FindingsThe market reacted strongly positively to a change in presidency from an incumbent to an opposition party candidate in the 2015 election but weakly positively, at best, to the re-election of the incumbent candidate in the 2019 election. In addition, banking stocks exhibited greater sensitivity to these events than oil and gas stocks.Research limitations/implicationsThere may be peculiarities with the Nigerian case and with the two elections analyzed. Therefore, future research could focus on understanding the extent to which the results generalize to the broader sub-Saharan context and other regions that face similar governance challenges.Practical implicationsUnderstanding that markets may have a different perception towards incumbent versus opposition candidate electoral victories during periods of insecurity and governance crisis is important for investors, policymakers, researchers and the wider society.Originality/valuePast empirical studies on political events and stock returns in Sub-Saharan Africa contexts such as Nigeria ignore shifts in voter mood and produce contradictory findings. This paper helps to resolve some of these contradictions by providing insight into how the markets can have a different perception towards incumbent and opposition candidate electoral victories during periods of insecurity and governance crisis.
A cross-domain knowledge transfer method for process discovery of urban community services with small datasets
Authors: Liu Zhao-ge , Li Xiang-yang , Qiao Li-min 
Published: June 2022

PurposeProcess mining tools can help discover and improve the business processes of urban community services from historical service event records. However, for the community service domains with small datasets, the effects of process mining are generally limited due to process incompleteness and data noise. In this paper, a cross-domain knowledge transfer method is proposed to help service process discovery with small datasets by making use of rich knowledge in similar domains with large datasets.Design/methodology/approachFirst, ontology modeling is used to reduce the effects of cross-domain semantic ambiguity on knowledge transfer. Second, association rules (of the activities in the service processes) are extracted with Bayesian network. Third, applicable association rules are retrieved using an applicability assignment function. Further, the retrieved association rules in domains with large datasets are mapped to those with a small dataset using a linear programming method, with a heuristic miner being adopted to generate the process model.FindingsThe proposed method is verified based on the empirical data of 10 service domains from Beidaihe, China. Results show that process discovery performance of all 10 domains were improved with the overall robustness score, precision, recall and F1 score increased by 13%, 13%, 17% and 15%, respectively. For the domains with only small datasets, the cross-domain knowledge transfer method outperforms popular state-of-the art methods.Originality/valueThe limitations of sample sizes are greatly reduced. This scheme can be followed to establish business process management systems of community services with reasonable performance and limited sample sizes.
Identifying the Contractor’s core competencies in post-COVID-19 scenario: developing a survey instrument
Authors: Deep Shumank , Joshi Rajesh , Patil Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

PurposeConstruction industry is one of the worst affected sectors due to the impact of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the key competencies that should be demonstrated by the contractors in the post-COVID-19 scenario to make them resilient to the adverse impact of pandemic outbreaks.Design/methodology/approachA survey instrument was developed using an extensive literature review and was tested using a pilot study. It was then administered online using survey monkey to 900 respondents, out of which 324 complete responses were obtained. The data analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsAfter analyzing the data, it was identified that the most critical competence was managing site safety (standard factor loading (SFL) = 0.91), followed by leadership skills (SFL = 0.88), technical competence (SFL = 0.81), managing supply chain disruption (SFL = 0.73) and financial stability (SFL = 0.48) that were found to be less essential from the respondents’ point of view.Originality/valueThe study is first of its kind to identify the core competencies that should be demonstrated by the contractors to cope with COVID-19-induced disruptions. The findings of this article can be used by the practitioners to develop policies and procedures for selection of contractors.
Evaluation of community-based participatory governance interventions to improve access to health-related public entitlements in India
Authors: Trivedi Mayur , Patel Minjan , Nair H Divya , Sharma Bharati 
Published: June 2022

PurposeAs the investment in social and health protection remained poor in India, the most vulnerable citizens lack access to existing health related government initiatives with transformational benefits due mostly to the lack of “accurate information”. The purpose of this paper is to explore and demonstrate the impact of participation of the community through a structured intervention that promotes awareness, enables the community to ensure entitlements, and enhances the utilization of government initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThrough a baseline–endline study using a quasi-experimental design, this research provides empirical evidence of such intervention on awareness and utilization of health, nutrition and developmental initiatives. It involved survey of 400 households from the four study locations before and after the interventions. The pre-post estimation in the “proportion of respondents who were fully aware” was analyzed to measure changes in knowledge. Mc-Nemar test was applied to measure the statistical significance of these changes.FindingsThe results indicate that the intervention of “empowerment centers” has increased knowledge and utilization of the various government schemes, services and facilities that are routine and offer benefits all household members, in general, and women as well as children, in particular. The intervention was found to be successful in improving the local governance systems; empowering communities, linking communities and local level government systems across all sectors, as well as bringing in inter-sectoral linkages across governments systems.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough there have been many interventions of community participation for reducing inequities across the globe, there is a dearth of documentation and evidence generation. More efforts are required to evaluate such interventions, identify which interventions work and how they can be adapted to different contexts. This also requires exploration of the social processes and contextual realities underlying these interventions.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the authors, this research is one-of-its-kind that assessed an intervention targeting cross-cutting schemes and services, beyond just health interventions. The evidence points to the success of grassroots level inter-sectoral community actions, in the form of empowerment centers, to improve awareness and utilization of government interventions through participatory governance, and points to the expanding scope of learning and adapting such interventions to different contexts and scopes.
Value creation and cost reduction in health care – outcomes of online participation by health-care professionals
Authors: Hogreve Jens , Beierlein Andrea 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe authors explore the outcomes of health-care professionals' participation in a vendor-hosted online community by combining qualitative and quantitative data collected in two separate studies. The authors aim to shed light on the potential value outcomes of community participation covering the reduction of service costs by professionals' community participation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore the outcomes of health-care professionals' participation in a vendor-hosted online community by combining qualitative and quantitative data collected in two separate studies. The authors also introduce GABEK® as a unique method of qualitative empirical content analysis. In the quantitative study, the authors refer to customer survey data and transactional data.FindingsThe results show that participation in online communities by professionals emerges as a dual concept, consisting of both help-seeking and help-providing behaviors. These behaviors in turn facilitate the creation of economic and relational value, as well as influencing the perceived usefulness of the online community, resulting in higher satisfaction with the community among the participating professionals. Customer survey data and transactional data were gathered from a major medical equipment vendor hosting an online community, and those data confirm that participation also decreases service support costs to professionals by reducing the number of necessary service visits by the vendor's service technicians.Practical implicationsThe resulting model of participation and corresponding benefits in an online community for health-care professionals reflects and informs current developments in the health care industry.Originality/valueThe combination of qualitative as well as quantitative studies relying on the data of a world leading medical equipment vendor hosting an online community provides unique and innovative insights into participation and value creation within B2B communities.
Impact of political marketing strategies on the BOP voters in India
Authors: Mukherjee Srabanti , Srivastava Abhinav , Datta Biplab , Sengupta Subhojit 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis article aims to examine political marketing strategies adopted by the politicians operating in base of the pyramid (BOP) areas and their impact on the BOP voters using the tenets of the social influence theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors resorted to a qualitative phenomenological inquiry for this study. The responses obtained from two qualitative studies were subjected to thematic analysis. Two thematic maps were integrated into a conceptual model.FindingsStudy 1 indicates that the politicians operating at the BOP resort to vote-bank segmentation, clientelism, mobilizing opinion leaders, short guerilla war against opposition and communication bombarding. Study 2 has elaborated on how poor voters perceive these strategies and form their opinions towards the party/candidate.Social implicationsThe findings of this study highlight the need for essential policy formulation to protect BOP consumers from deceptive political tactics.Originality/valueThis study develops a model of the effectiveness of voting strategies at the BOP. It also contributes to the literature on social influence theory by indicating how the three social influence processes (compliance, identification and internalization) result in different ways of accepting political influence.
Effect of the IMC layer geometry on a solder joint thermomechanical behavior
Authors: Capela Paulina Araújo , Souza Maria Sabrina , Costa Sharlane , Teixeira Jose C. , Fernandes Miguel , Figueiredo Hugo , Delgado Isabel , Soares Delfim 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
In a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the solder joint materials has a detrimental impact on reliability. The mechanical stresses caused by the thermal changes of the assembly lead to fatigue and sometimes the failure of the solder joints. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel pad design to obtain an interrupted solder/substrate interface, to improve the PCBA reliability.

Design/methodology/approach
An interruption in the continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer of a solder joint was implemented, by the deposition of a silicone film in the pad, changing its geometry. That change allows a redistribution of stresses in the most ductile zone of the solder joint, the solder. The stress concentration at the solder/substrate interface is reduced, as well as the general state of stress at the solder joint.

Findings
A new way was developed to reduce the stress on the solder joints, caused by thermal variations, because of the different components CTEs mismatch. This new method consists of interrupting the IMC layers of the solder joint, strategically, redirecting the usual stresses to a more ductile area of the joint, the solder. This is an innovative method that allows increase the lifetime of PCBAs and the equipments.

Originality/value
In this study, a new pad design concept for higher solder joint reliability was developed to reduce the shear stress in the solder joints because of the CTE mismatch between all the solder joint components.