bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-year surgical outcomes of the PreserFlo MicroShunt in glaucoma: a multicentre analysis
Authors: Tanner Alexander , Haddad Fadi , Fajardo-Sanchez Julia , Nguyen Ethan , Thong Kai Xin , Ah-Moye Sarah , Perl Nicole , Abu-Bakra Mohammed , Kulkarni Avinash , Trikha Sameer , Lascaratos Gerassimos , Parnell Miles , Kailani Obeda , King Anthony J , Agrawal Pavi , Stead Richard , Giannouladis Konstantinos , Rodrigues Ian , Goyal Saurabh , Hysi Pirro G , Lim Sheng , Yu-Wai-Man Cynthia 
Published: April 2022

Background/aimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the PreserFlo MicroShunt glaucoma device in a multicentre cohort study.MethodsAll consecutive patients who received the microshunt with mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.4 mg/mL from May 2019 to September 2020 in three UK tertiary centres. Primary outcome at 1 year was a complete success, with failure defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg or <20% reduction, IOP≤5 mmHg with any decreased vision on two consecutive visits, reoperation or loss of light perception vision. Secondary outcomes were IOP, best-corrected visual acuity, medications, complications, interventions and reoperations. We also performed subgroup analyses for severe glaucoma and assessed risk factors for failure.Results104 eyes had 1-year follow-up. Complete and qualified success at 1 year were achieved in 51.9% (N=54) and 16.4% (N=17), respectively, and failure occurred in 31.7% (N=33). There was a significant reduction in IOP (mmHg) from preoperatively (23.4±0.8, N=104) to 12 months (14.7±0.6, N=104) (p<0.0001). Antiglaucoma medications also decreased from preoperatively (3.4±0.1, N=104) to 12 months (0.7±0.1, N=104) (p<0.0001). Multivariate analyses showed an association between higher mean deviation and failure (HR 1.055, 95% CI 1.0075 to 1.11, p=0.0227). Complications were hypotony (19.2%; N=20), choroidal detachments (10.6%; N=11), hyphaema (5.8%; N=6) and bleb leak (5.8%; N=6). Needling and 5-fluorouracil injections were performed in 12.5% (N=13) and 33.7% (N=35), respectively, and 11.5% (N=12) required revision surgery.ConclusionThe PreserFlo MicroShunt with MMC 0.4 mg/mL showed an overall success rate of 68.3% at 1 year, and led to significant IOP and medication reduction with a low rate of adverse effects.
Effects of a multimedia campaign on HIV self-testing and PrEP outcomes among young people in South Africa: a mixed-methods impact evaluation of ‘MTV Shuga Down South’
Authors: Birdthistle Isolde , Mulwa Sarah , Sarrassat Sophie , Baker Venetia , Khanyile David , O’Donnell Dominique , Cawood Cherie , Cousens Simon 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionInnovative HIV technologies can help to reduce HIV incidence, yet uptake of such tools is relatively low among young people. To create awareness and demand among adolescents and young adults, a new campaign of the pan-African MTV Shuga series (‘Down South 2’; DS2), featured storylines and messages about HIV self-testing (HIVST) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through television, radio and accompanying multimedia activities in 2019–2020.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the new MTV Shuga series among 15–24 years old in Eastern Cape, South Africa, in 2020. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate complementary evaluations questions, namely, whether and how the DS2 campaign works. A web-based survey, promoted via social media platforms of schools, universities and communities, assessed exposure to MTV Shuga and knowledge of HIV status; secondary outcomes included awareness and uptake of HIVST and PrEP. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations between exposure to DS2 and each outcome, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, media assets and exposure to other media campaigns. An embedded qualitative evaluation explored mechanisms of DS2’s impact through deductive and inductive thematic analysis of in-depth individual and group interviews.ResultsAmong 3431 online survey participants, 43% had engaged with MTV Shuga and 24% with DS2 specifically. Knowledge of HIV status was higher among those exposed to DS2 (71%) vs those who were not (39%; adjusted OR=2.26 (95% CI 1.78 to 2.87)). Exposure was also associated with increased awareness of HIVST (60% vs 28%; aOR=1.99 (1.61 to 2.47)) and use of HIVST (29% vs 10%; aOR=2.49 (1.95 to 3.19)). One-third of respondents were aware of PrEP, with higher proportions among those exposed versus non-exposed to DS2 (52% vs 27%; aOR=1.90 (1.53 to 2.35)). Qualitative insights identified mechanisms by which DS2 increased awareness, confidence and motivation to use HIVST and PrEP, but had less influence on service access.ConclusionsWe found evidence consistent with a positive causal impact of the MTV Shuga DS2 campaign on HIV prevention outcomes among young people in a high-prevalence setting. As diverse testing and PrEP technologies become accessible, an immersive edutainment campaign can help to expand HIV prevention choices and close age and gender gaps in HIV testing and prevention goals.
More evidence on cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manley James , Alderman Harold , Gentilini Ugo 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCash transfer (CT) programmes are an increasingly common approach to alleviate poverty and inequality and improving child health and nutrition, as well as supporting other goals such as education. Evidence indicates that CTs can be effective, but overall impacts are small in magnitude. This paper substantially updates the evidence base on the effectiveness of CTs and moderating factors.MethodsBuilding on a prior search done in 2018, we searched articles published between January 2018 and March 2021 using Agris, Econlit, Eldis, IBSS, IDEAS, IFPRI, Google Scholar, PubMed and World Bank databases. We included studies using quantitative impact evaluation methods of CTs with sample sizes over 300, targeted to households with children under 5 years conducted with clear counterfactuals in countries with gross domestic product below US$10 000 at baseline. We performed meta-analysis using random effects models to assess the impact of CT programme on selected child nutrition outcomes.FindingsOut of 1561 articles identified, 55 additional articles were eligible for inclusion for a total of 129 estimates. We find that CTs have significant although modest effects on height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) (0.024, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.044; p<0.02); stunting (−1.35%, 95% CI −2.35 to − 0.35; p<0;01); wasting (−1.31%, 95% CI −2.16% to 0.46%; p<0.01); animal-source foods (6.72%, 95% CI 5.24% to 8.20%; p<0.01); diet diversity (0.55, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.81; p<0.01) and diarrhoea incidence (− 1.74%, 95% CI −2.79% to −0.68%; p<0.05). There was no significant effect of CTs on weight-for-height (WHZ) or weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ). Well-targeted behaviour change communication was also effective in improving HAZ and decreasing the prevalence of diarrhoea.InterpretationCT programmes improved linear growth among young children, reducing wasting and stunting, but effects are heterogeneous and somewhat small overall. More evidence indicates that effects on dietary diversity and the consumption of animal-source foods are increasingly pronounced.
Association of respiratory symptoms with body mass index and occupational exposure comparing sexes and subjects with and without asthma: follow-up of a Norwegian population study (the Telemark study)
Authors: Klepaker Geir , Henneberger Paul Keefer , Torén Kjell , Brunborg Cathrine , Kongerud Johny , Fell Anne Kristin Møller 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundOccupational exposure and increased body mass index (BMI) are associated with respiratory symptoms. This study investigated whether the association of a respiratory burden score with changes in BMI as well as changes in occupational exposure to vapours, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF) varied in subjects with and without asthma and in both sexes over a 5-year period.MethodsIn a 5-year follow-up of a population-based study, 6350 subjects completed a postal questionnaire in 2013 and 2018. A respiratory burden score based on self-reported respiratory symptoms, BMI and frequency of occupational exposure to VGDF were calculated at both times. The association between change in respiratory burden score and change in BMI or VGDF exposure was assessed using stratified regression models.ResultsChanges in respiratory burden score and BMI were associated with a β-coefficient of 0.05 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07). This association did not vary significantly by sex, with 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) for women and 0.06 (0.04 to 0.09) for men. The association was stronger among those with asthma (0.12; 0.06 to 0.18) compared with those without asthma (0.05; 0.03 to 0.06) (p=0.011). The association of change in respiratory burden score with change in VGDF exposure gave a β-coefficient of 0.15 (0.05 to 0.19). This association was somewhat greater for men versus women, with coefficients of 0.18 (0.12 to 0.24) and 0.13 (0.07 to 0.19), respectively (p=0.064). The estimate was similar among subjects with asthma (0.18; –0.02 to 0.38) and those without asthma (0.15; 0.11 to 0.19).ConclusionsIncreased BMI and exposure to VGDF were associated with increased respiratory burden scores. The change due to increased BMI was not affected by sex, but subjects with asthma had a significantly larger change than those without. Increased frequency of VGDF exposure was associated with increased respiratory burden score but without statistically significant differences with respect to sex or asthma status.
Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on DMARDs: as determined by antibody and T cell responses
Authors: Saleem Benazir , Ross Rebecca L , Bissell Lesley-Anne , Aslam Aamir , Mankia Kulveer , Duquenne Laurence , Corsadden Diane , Carter Clive , Hughes Pam , Nadat Fatima A , Mulipa Panji , Lobb Mark , Clarke Brendan , Mbara Katie , Morton Ruth , Dibb Sophie , Chowdhury Rahaymin , Newton Darren , Pike Alexandra , Kakkar Vishal , Savic Sinisia , DelGaldo Francesco , Emery Paul 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo assess antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).MethodsThis prospective study recruited 100 patients with RA on a variety of DMARDs for antibody and T cell analysis, pre-vaccination and 4 weeks post-vaccination. Positive antibody response was defined as sera IgG binding to ≥1 antigen. Those that remained seronegative after first vaccination were retested 4 weeks after second vaccination; and if still seronegative after vaccination three. A T cell response was defined an ELISpot count of ≥7 interferon (IFN)γ-positive cells when exposed to spike antigens. Type I IFN activity was determined using the luminex multiplex assay IFN score.ResultsAfter vaccine one, in patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 37/83 (45%) developed vaccine-specific antibody responses, 44/83 (53%) vaccine-specific T cell responses and 64/83 (77%) developed either antibody or T cell responses. Reduced seroconversion was seen with abatacept, rituximab (RTX) and those on concomitant methotrexate (MTX) compared to 100% for healthy controls (p<0.001). Better seroconversion occurred with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) versus RTX (p=0.012) and with age ≤50 (p=0.012). Pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 exposure was associated with higher quantitative seroconversion (≥3 antibodies) (p<0.001). In the subgroup of non-seroconverters, a second vaccination produced seroconversion in 54% (19/35), and after a third in 20% (2/10). IFN score analysis showed no change post-vaccine.ConclusionPatients with RA on DMARDs have reduced vaccine responses, particularly on certain DMARDs, with improvement on subsequent vaccinations but with approximately 10% still seronegative after three doses.
A Simple, Semiclassical Mechanism for Activationless, Long RangeCharge Transport in Molecular Junctions
Authors: Supur Mustafa , McCreery Richard L. 
Published: April 2022

Past reports on photocurrents in molecular junctions consisting of aromatic oligomers between electrical contacts reveal very low activation energies (<1 meV) and weak distance dependence for molecular layer thicknesses of 20–60 nm. Photocurrent transport mediated by sequential tunneling between adjacent subunit orbitals represents a “super highway” for charge transport with low activation barrier, field dependence and long range of at least 60 nm. In addition to photocurrents, such transport may be involved in dark currents for distances >10 nm, previously reported biological transport across μm in bacterial nanowires, and >1 cm in cable bacteria.
Overproduction of IFNγ by Cbl-b–Deficient CD8+ T Cells Provides Resistance against Regulatory T Cells and Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Han SeongJun , Liu Zhe Qi , Chung Douglas C. , Paul Michael St. , Garcia-Batres Carlos R. , Sayad Azin , Elford Alisha R. , Gold Matthew J. , Grimshaw Natasha , Ohashi Pamela S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) are an integral component of the adaptive immune system that negatively affect antitumor immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) in establishing CD8+ T-cell resistance to Treg-mediated suppression to enhance antitumor immunity. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that Cbl-b regulates pathways associated with cytokine signaling and cellular proliferation. We showed that the hypersecretion of IFNγ by Cbl-b–deficient CD8+ T cells selectively attenuated CD8+ T-cell suppression by Tregs. Although IFNγ production by Cbl-b–deficient T cells contributed to phenotypic alterations in Tregs, the cytokine did not attenuate the suppressive function of Tregs. Instead, IFNγ had a profound effect on CD8+ T cells by directly upregulating interferon-stimulated genes and modulating T-cell activation. In murine models of adoptive T-cell therapy, Cbl-b–deficient T cells elicited superior antitumor immune response. Furthermore, Cbl-b–deficient CD8+ T cells were less susceptible to suppression by Tregs in the tumor through the effects of IFNγ. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the hypersecretion of IFNγ serves as a key mechanism by which Cbl-b–deficient CD8+ T cells are rendered resistant to Tregs.See related Spotlight by Wolf and Baier, p. 370.
Holistic Characterization of Tumor Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation Integrates Distinct Immune Phenotypes in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Mujal Adriana M. , Combes Alexis J. , Rao Arjun A. , Binnewies Mikhail , Samad Bushra , Tsui Jessica , Boissonnas Alexandre , Pollack Joshua L. , Argüello Rafael J. , Meng Maxwell V. , Porten Sima P. , Ruhland Megan K. , Barry Kevin C. , Chan Vincent , Krummel Matthew F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is commonly infiltrated by diverse collections of myeloid cells. Yet, the complexity of myeloid-cell identity and plasticity has challenged efforts to define bona fide populations and determine their connections to T-cell function and their relationship to patient outcome. Here, we have leveraged single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of several mouse and human tumors and found that monocyte–macrophage diversity is characterized by a combination of conserved lineage states as well as transcriptional programs accessed along the differentiation trajectory. We also found in mouse models that tumor monocyte-to-macrophage progression was profoundly tied to regulatory T cell (Treg) abundance. In human kidney cancer, heterogeneity in macrophage accumulation and myeloid composition corresponded to variance in, not only Treg density, but also the quality of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. In this way, holistic analysis of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation creates a framework for critically different immune states.
Toward a Unified Model of Design Knowledge
Authors: Thoring Katja , Mueller Roland M. , Desmet Pieter , Badke-Schaub Petra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The theoretical understanding of design knowledge is a crucial concern for research in the design discipline. This article extends the rich existing research on design knowledge by providing a unifying model of design knowledge. The insights are derived from a rigorous review of existing literature. The resulting model presents an original framework of design knowledge that can help practitioners, scholars, and educators from the design discipline to better understand the characteristics of design knowledge and the possibilities for transferring it.
Murasaki’s Epistemological Awakening: Buddhist Philosophical Roots of The Tale of Genji
Authors: Wawrytko Sandra A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
I approach Murasaki Shikibu’s marvelous literary pearl The Tale of Genji (Genji Monogatari) as analogous to glistening orbs that “come out of the disease of suffering oysters,” the suffering being the death of her beloved husband Fujiwara no Nobutaka (950?–1001). In addition to drawing evidence from the novel itself, I have relied on Murasaki’s lesser-known Poetic Memoirs and Diary that offer important insights into her state of mind and circumspect literary style. The Lotus Sūtra is the key that unlocks Murasaki’s philosophical intent, with its use of parables and poems to provoke deeper understandings of Buddhism and personal realizations. The Buddhist principle of impermanence (Sanskrit anitya; Japanese mujōkan) serves as both the aesthetic of aware and an unavoidable fact that residents of the Heian court (like those in the Lotus Sūtra’s Burning House) choose to ignore or escape by reveling in superficial pursuits of beauty and political power. Various characters in the novel attempt to follow the path to the epistemological awakening the author Murasaki sought for herself.
Female Chastity in Confucianism: Genealogy and Radicalization
Authors: Pang-White Ann A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Confucian scholars often reference the Yijing 《易經》 (the Classic of Changes), the Liji 《禮記》 (Records of Rituals), and other classics in their advocacy for female chastity. Perplexingly, vocabulary that suggests extremism, which often results in self-imposed – or public sanctioned – suicide, starvation, or physical disfigurement of women during the pre-modern China and the early republic, either does not appear or rarely appears in the Yijing or other early Confucian canons. In these early texts, both zhen 貞 and jie 節 have multiple meanings. Neither term is confined to a specific gender. This fact suggests that the original meanings of zhen and jie in the Yijing, composed around 1046 BCE–771 BCE, had likely been altered and radicalized in later times. I use word frequency analysis, examination of hexagrams, and the method of intertextuality to expose and deconstruct interpretive contradictions and attempt to restore these concepts to their original meaning without distortion.
The Confucian Way of Family under the Gongfu 功夫 Perspective – A Re-description (I)
Authors: Ni Peimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Unlike typical journal articles that deal with specific issues in detail, this article offers a sketchy comprehensive re-description of the Confucian Way of family that serves the purpose of providing a bird’s-eye view to grasp the fact that, for Confucianism, family is not merely a part of the puzzle of human life, nor merely an ontological entity that serves as the foundation of the Confucian theory, but more a “Way” of living or gongfu 功夫 (aka kung fu) that comprised of values toward which cultivation of the person is practiced, an art of life to be mastered, and a model of social order to be implemented.
The Provocations of Contact Zones: Spaces for Negotiating Post-Migrant Identities
Authors: Winkler Kathrin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Post-migrant societies in Europe are characterized by political, cultural, religious, and social changes. Where people meet under the conditions of migration and globalization, new places and spaces of negotiating are arising. They are formed by provocative questions, dynamic reorientation, and social transformation, in particular regarding religious affiliations, contexts and experiences. This article will consider challenges and the resources of religion in terms of coping with ambiguity and building up post-migrant community relations. In this context, the concept of the ‘contact zone’ as a post-migrant place or space provides an insight to social spaces where cultures and religions meet, clash and grapple with each other, often in emotionally charged contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, like displacement and their aftermaths. These contact zones offer a place of discussing power, oppression, and religious diversities, but also find innovative perspectives for post-migrant identities. With reference to this, three case studies based on experiences of refugees in Europe with contact zones in refugee centers, schools and educational institutions allow for an understanding of the significance of places, the feeling of rootlessness and the findings of new places of religious identity, of ‘embodied’ habitation and participation. Finally, this article emphasizes the meaning of public speech in post-migrant societies from a Christian perspective.
Space, Place and the Church: Fostering a Consciousness and a Theology of Spatial Justice in South African Churches
Authors: Powell Caroline , Mlambo Ntandoyenkosi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Located within the wider questions that the South African church is asking about the relationship between reconciliation and restitution in post-apartheid South Africa, this article tracks the emergence of a movement of churches seeking to address the urban and rural land restitution question and puts it into conversation with the praxis of spatial justice. The authors introduce insight into the history of land and specifically church land in South Africa and explore what actions have been taken towards restitution of church-owned land and what this means for the development of a theology of spatial justice. Additionally, it includes an overview of South African churches’ declarations on land over the last thirty years and what has been done since these declarations. Finally, the authors will look at how these actions help develop a theology of spatial justice for a renewed praxis on land and space in South Africa.
Kaplan’s Way with Skepticism
Authors: Williams Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Austin is not much in fashion these days. In Austin’s Way with Skepticism, Mark Kaplan swims against the current, arguing that Austin still has much to teach us about how to do epistemology. Methodologically, Austin’s insistence on fidelity to ordinary ways of talking about knowledge is a non-negotiable constraint on epistemological theorizing. Substantively, Austin has important things to say about knowledge. But while I am fully in accord with the spirit of Kaplan’s enterprise, I take Austin to occupy a more radical position: that getting the linguistic facts straight should lead us to call into question the very idea of a theory of knowledge, at least as ‘theory of knowledge’ has traditionally been understood.