bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very preterm gut microbiota development from the first week of life to 3.5 years of age: a prospective longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: Toubon Gaël , Patin Constance , Delannoy Johanne , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Barbut Frédéric , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Charles Marie-Aline , Butel Marie-José , Lepage Patricia , Aires Julio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the longitudinal evolution of intestinal microbiota in very preterm neonates (PN) during and after their hospitalization. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach was applied for the analysis of fecal samples (
n
= 1,307) from 596 PN. Samples were collected at one week after birth, at one month, at the neonatal intensive care unit discharge, and at 3.5 years of age. Over time, the intestinal microbiota of the infants matured progressively, with increasing alpha diversity and decreasing beta diversity. Based on a Dirichlet multinomial mixture clustering approach (DMM), during hospitalization, infants progressed among ten different clusters. At 3.5 years of age, only three clusters were identified. The influence of the gestational age, the neonatal antibiotic administration, and the maternal antibiotic therapy during delivery on the gut microbiota varied over time and depended on the sampling period. Preconceptional maternal body mass index (BMI) was associated with the gut microbiota of infants during the hospitalization period and at 3.5 years of age. Infants with a lower gestational age or those born by Cesarean section shifted between clusters more frequently. Using PICRUSt2, the inferred metabolic pathways revealed a change in the functional capacities of the intestinal microbiota over time. We found that preconceptional maternal BMI was the only consistent perinatal factor influencing the development of the gut microbiota over time. After hospital discharge, infants exhibited a transition toward a microbiota community similar to that of adults by 3.5 years of age, in accordance with the functional metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota.

IMPORTANCE
This study is among the very few reports analyzing the gut microbiota development in very preterm infants over time in a large, multicenter population of 596 children from a well-described nationwide birth cohort, with a follow-up until the age of 3.5 years. The maturation of the intestinal microbiota was confirmed to occur over time, with increased alpha diversity and decreased beta diversity. Specifically, 13 microbiota clusters were identified during the hospitalization period, while and only three clusters were observed at 3.5 years. Infants born prematurely or via Cesarean section exhibited a less stable microbiota, frequently shifting clusters. A number of perinatal factors were identified as influencing the development of the microbiota. Among these, the preconceptional maternal BMI emerged as the only consistent factor up to 3.5 years. The metabolic pathways of the microbiota evolved over time, in accordance with the maturation of the gut microbiota.
Systemic inflammation is associated with worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection but not neutralizing antibody
Authors: Farnsworth Christopher W. , Roemmich Brittany , Prostko John , Davis Gerard , Murtagh Gillian , Jackson Laurel , Jacobson Christopher , Jeanblanc Nicolette , Griffiths Timothy , Frias Edwin , Daghfal David J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Systemic inflammation is associated with COVID-19 mortality rates, but the impact of inflammation on neutralizing antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on outcomes is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the association between neutralizing antibody responses, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Two hundred and eight patients presenting to the ED with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were included. Neutralization was assessed using the architect angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) binding inhibition assay, and inflammation was assessed using C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Medical records were examined for 30-day mortality and 10-day intubation. Correlation between biomarkers was assessed and Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for outcomes. Thirty-seven (18%) patients died and 59 (28%) required intubation. There was a correlation between IL-6 and CRP (
r
= 0.34) but not ACE-2 (
r
< 0.06). Patients that died had higher CRP (14 mg/dl, 8–21) than those that survived (5 mg/dl, 2–11) and IL-6 (died = 344 pg/ml, 138–870 vs. survived = 65 pg/ml, 28–140). ACE-2 inhibition trended higher in those who survived (18%, 0%–65%) than those who died (3%, 0%−48%). Patients with elevated IL-6, elevated CRP, or low ACE2 inhibition had higher mortality. Only IL-6 (hazard ratio: 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.52) and age (1.04, 1.01–1.08) were associated with mortality in multivariate models. Elevated IL-6 was associated with 30-day mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lower ACE-2 inhibition was not independently associated with mortality or correlated with inflammatory markers, implying the importance of other aspects of the immune response for reducing SARS-CoV-2 mortality risk.

IMPORTANCE
While systemic inflammation associated with worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is not associated with neutralizing antibody concentrations, implying the importance of other aspects of the immune response for reducing SARS-CoV-2 mortality risk.
Investigating outcomes in a substance use treatment provider: a cross-sectional comparison of long-acting injectable buprenorphine and oral medication for opioid use disorder
Authors: Montgomery Catharine , Abbasi Yasir , De Silva Devon , Gittins Rosalind , Jones Andrew , Van Hout Marie-Claire 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesAdvances in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) have seen the development of long-acting injectable opioid substitutes which could improve outcomes for people with OUD. However, comparative quantitative analysis of individual outcomes is lacking. The present study sought to investigate factors associated with prescribing long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB), and changes in outcome variables compared with oral medication for OUD.DesignCross-sectional retrospective analysis of electronic health records.SettingCommunity substance use treatment service Via. Six sites shared their data between 15 August 2022 and 15 August 2023.ParticipantsAnonymised data were extracted for 235 people receiving LAIB and 266 people receiving oral medication for OUD.Primary and secondary outcomesPrescribing data, sociodemographic information (age, sex, indices of multiple deprivation decile of individual’s residence, primary and secondary substance, number of previous treatment episodes, employment and ethnicity) and treatment outcome profiles (substance use, physical and mental health, quality of life, employment) were extracted and analysed. To examine predictors of receiving LAIB (vs medication for OUD), we conducted logistic regression including the demographic predictors. Psychological health, physical health and quality of life scores were analysed using Welch’s t-tests.ResultsLAIB was associated with positive changes in quality of life between the first and last assessments. Demographic and situational factors were predictors of LAIB initiation, indicating the potential for increasing health inequalities in substance use treatment.ConclusionsLAIB is associated with changes in quality of life over a 1-year period. Further research is needed to investigate the aetiology of improved well-being and outcomes over time.
High-dose high-intensity Queen Square upper-limb rehabilitation for people with chronic stroke (INTENSIVE): protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tedesco Triccas Lisa , Sporn Sebastian , Coll I Omana Mireia , Brander Fran , Kelly Kate , Bestmann Sven , Ward Nick 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThere is currently insufficient high-quality evidence to make general recommendations about high-dose high-intensity upper-limb rehabilitation programmes. Here we describe a randomised controlled trial that will determine the efficacy of two forms of high-dose, high-intensity upper-limb rehabilitation provided in a rehabilitation unit setting.Methods and analysisPatients with moderate upper-limb impairment (n=105, at least 6 months after stroke) will be randomised to either (1) high-dose high-intensity conventional upper-limb rehabilitation, (2) high-dose high-intensity virtual reality-based upper-limb rehabilitation and (3) usual care (a waiting list control group). Groups 1 and 2 will receive a minimum of 45 hours of active time on task over 3 weeks. Outcome measures will be collected at (T1) baseline; (T2) immediately post intervention and (T3) 3 months after the intervention has finished. The primary outcome measure will be the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment at 3 months after the intervention. Secondary outcome measures will be clinical, kinematic and neurophysiological using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography. Explanatory measures will include MRI-based markers for integrity of the corticospinal tract, dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway, grey and white matter and lesion load. The aim is to detect a difference of 7.25 points on the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment between each treatment group and the waitlist control group, with a power of 0.9 and significance of 0.025 (to account for two primary analyses). Analysis of change in the primary and secondary outcome measures will be performed using mulitple regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol (V.1) has been approved by the Wales Research Ethics Committee 2 Cardiff (Rec reference: 22/WA/0065) on 15 March 2022. All recruited participants will provide informed consent. Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations at major stroke/neurorehabilitation conferences and outreach to relevant stakeholder communities.Trial registration numberNCT05527262.
Traumatic brain injuries in civilian war victims in Afghanistan
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , Fabris Silvia , Esmati Shekiba , Dost Arezo , Ahmadzai Muhebullah , Aryan Ahmad Khan , Gatti Sofia , Cormio Manuela , Portella Gina , Baiardo Redaelli Martina 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTraumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in war zones. Currently, the vast majority of reports on war-related TBIs concern soldiers, and little is known about this condition in civilians.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study from the EMERGENCY NGO hospital for civilian war victims in Kabul, Afghanistan. Data were gathered for all adults and children with war-related TBIs admitted between June and November 2021. The study aims to describe the epidemiology and clinical patterns of patients with war-related TBIs in a non-military context.ResultsOut of a total of 1469 hospital admissions during the study period, 130 (8.8%) were war-related TBIs. Among these, 90 (69.2%) involved a penetrating brain injury. More than one-third of the study population were children aged 14 or younger (36.1%), and the most frequent cause of war-related TBIs was shells (58.1%). The median time from injury to admission was 3 hours (from 30 min to 3 days), with only 19% of patients presenting in the ‘golden hour’. Neurosurgery was performed on 38 patients (29.2%), and 55 patients (42.3%) underwent mechanical ventilation. In-hospital mortality occurred in 35 patients (26.9%), including 15 do-not-resuscitate cases.ConclusionsWar-related TBIs were frequent among adults and children and had a high mortality rate. With more than one-third of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, our data highlight that the availability of intensive care units with the ability to ventilate patients is of the utmost importance to save lives of civilians in areas of armed conflict.
Physical workload during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: results from a Danish nationwide occupational register-based pregnancy cohort (DOC*X-Generation)
Authors: Sejbaek Camilla Sandal , Nørtoft Frankel Hannah , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Soegaard Toettenborg Sandra , Madsen Ida E H , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Begtrup Luise Moelenberg 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate if high physical workload during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe register-based cohort, DOC*X-Generation included employed pregnant women in Denmark (1977–2018). A summary score of physical workloads, based on a job exposure matrix with eight physical work activities, was linked to the job held during pregnancy (coded by DISCO-88). The exposure was divided into five groups from low to high exposure. Data on miscarriages were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) were determined by gestational age and birth weight from the Danish Medical Birth Register. Other nationwide registers provided data on potential confounders.ResultsWe included pregnancies for approximately 1 million unique women where 13% terminated in miscarriages (of ~1.9 million pregnancies), 5% were PTB (of ~1.5 million pregnancies) and 13% were SGA (of ~1.6 million pregnancies). Employment in occupations with high physical workload was associated with increased risk of all three outcomes in a dose-dependent manner. For the highest compared with the lowest exposed group, adjusted ORs were 1.24 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.27) for miscarriage, 1.15 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.19) for overall PTB and 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.14) for SGA.ConclusionsThis study, based on an unselected cohort of employed women over a 40-year period, corroborates previous findings of an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to high physical workload during pregnancy. A general recommendation to decrease the overall occupational workload of pregnant women might prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Structural analysis of an area of ductile deformation between the Murray Fault and the Grenville Front Boundary Fault near Coniston, Ontario
Authors: Rousell D.H. , James R.S. , Roth T.M. 
Published: February 2025

Zones of mylonites are a prominent feature of rocks that occur at the Grenville Front in central Ontario. They represent periods of northwest-directed thrusting during the Mesoproterozoic, the latest period due to the Grenville Orogeny at ∼1.0 Ga. We describe the strain and folding of a 300 m wide zone of mylonites southeast of Coniston, Ontario that occur in the foreland to the Grenville Province. They are greenschist facies quartz mylonites and quartz feldspar mylonites formed in the upper crust from sandstones and granites in the Southern Province. They are bounded to the north and south by the Murray Fault and Grenville Front Boundary Fault, respectively, steeply dipping reverse faults, which are post-mylonitization in age. The latter fault marks the southern boundary of the foreland mylonites with zones of mylonite in high grade, lower crustal schists, and gneisses of the Grenville Province. The Murray Fault marks their northwestern boundary against a middle Proterozoic metamorphic terrane. Shape fabric measurements of quartz indicate that strain intensity is random across the mylonite zone. Open angle quartz c-axis fabrics, the dominance of subgrain rotation recrystallization of quartz, and the metamorphic paragenesis quartz–muscovite–chlorite indicate that the mylonites formed at low greenschist facies temperature (350–430 °C). The measured variation in strain is attributed to variations in strain rate and water weakening. The mylonites are folded; hinge lines and axial planar stretching lineations plunge southeast perpendicular to the Grenville Front. The mylonites are similar to those that occur in the foreland of the Moine Thrust (northwest Scotland) and the Munsiari Thrust (northwest India).
Primordial black holes from the ultraslow-roll phase in the inflaton–curvaton mixed field inflation
Authors: Su Bing-Yu , Li Nan , Feng Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a promising candidate for dark matter, as they can form in the very early universe without invoking new particle physics. This work explores PBH formation within a curvaton scenario featuring an ultraslow-roll (USR) phase. An inflaton–curvaton mixed field model is presented, where the inflaton drives early inflation and then transits into the USR phase, amplifying the small-scale curvature perturbation. During inflation, the curvaton generates entropy perturbation, which later converts into curvature perturbation after the curvaton decays in the radiation-dominated era. Using the

$$\delta N$$

δ
N

formalism, we compute the power spectrum of the total primordial curvature perturbation and analyze the relevant non-Gaussianity. Our results show that adding a curvaton field not only has a significant impact on primordial non-Gaussianity, but also introduces more complex inflationary dynamics, even saving the inflaton potentials that generate too low scalar spectral indices. Our model can produce PBHs with mass around

$$10^{-14}\,M_\odot $$

10

-
14

M
⊙

that account for all dark matter, while remaining consistent with current observational constraints.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Perception, Condom Utilization, and Associated Factors Among Youths (15–24 Years of Age) in Gashena Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Abyie Gebeyaw , Mekonnen Melaku , Walle Getaw 
Published: February 2025

Background: Globally, an estimated 1.7 million people were newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and approximately 37.9 million people were living with the virus. The prevalence of HIV remains high in sub‐Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Consequently, enhancing the awareness of HIV risk is crucial for prevention efforts, as studies have shown that increased risk perception is strongly linked to condom utilization among youths.Objective: This study aimed to assess HIV risk perception and condom utilization among youths and associated factors in Gashena town, Northeast Ethiopia.Method: Community‐based cross‐sectional study involving 422 youths (15–24 years old) was conducted from June 01 to 30, 2022. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, and data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 software. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the odds ratios for variable associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Result: The present study revealed that 50% (95% CI: 42.7–57.3) of youths utilized condoms, while 19.4% (95% CI: 15.8–23.5) had a perception of being at risk for HIV. Factors significantly associated with both condom utilization and HIV risk perception included being 18 years old or older (AOR: 95% CI: 0.2 [0.10–0.40]), having completed primary education or higher (AOR: 95% CI: 6.23 [3.44–11.29]), and being employed (AOR: 95% CI: 1.96 [1.09–3.53]).Conclusion: This study found a low prevalence of condom utilization and HIV risk perception among youths. Being 18 years old or older, having completed primary education or higher, and being employed were factors significantly linked to both condom use and HIV risk perception. Therefore, raising awareness about the implications of unprotected sexual intercourse and HIV risk perception among youths of varying ages, educational status, and occupational statuses could potentially enhance condom utilization among this demographic group.
Associations of a Composite Stress Measurement Tool With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes: Findings From the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Eleazu Ijeoma , Ayers Colby , Navar Ann Marie , Salhadar Karim , Albert Michelle , Carnethon Mercedes , Brown E. Sherwood , Ogbu Nwobodo Lucy , Carter Spencer , Bess Courtney , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , de Lemos James A. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Most data linking chronic stress with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes have focused on single‐domain stress measurements. We evaluated the association between a novel composite measure of chronic perceived stress and CVD risk factors and outcomes in a diverse population.

Methods and Results

Individual chronic stress subcomponents (generalized stress, psychosocial, financial, and neighborhood stress) were standardized and integrated to create a novel composite stress score (CSS). Participants from the DHS (Dallas Heart Study) phase 2 (2007–2009) visit without prevalent CVD who completed chronic stress questionnaires were included (n=2685). Associations between CSS and demographics, cardiac risk factors, and health behaviors were assessed in multivariable analyses. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for traditional risk factors were used to determine associations of the CSS with adjudicated atherosclerotic CVD and global CVD (atherosclerotic CVD, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation) outcomes. CSS was higher among participants who were younger, women, and Black or Hispanic individuals, with lower income and educational attainment (
P
<0.0001 for each). In multivariable regression models adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, income and education, higher CSS associated with hypertension, smoking, higher body mass index, hemoglobin A
1C
, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and sedentary time (
P
<0.01 for each). Over a median follow‐up of 12.4 years, higher CSS associated with atherosclerotic CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]. 1.22 per SD [95% CI, 1.01–1.47]) and global CVD (adjusted HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.40]). No interactions were seen between CSS, demographic factors, and outcomes.

Conclusions
Composite measures of chronic stress are higher in vulnerable populations and may help identify individuals at risk for CVD who may benefit from enhanced prevention strategies.