bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microbial communities in anaerobic acidification reactors fed with casein and/or lactose
Authors: Deng Zhe , Ferreira Ana Lucia Morgado , Spanjers Henri , van Lier Jules B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein-rich agro-industrial waste streams are high in organic load and represent a major environmental problem. Anaerobic digestion is an established technology to treat these streams; however, retardation of protein degradation is frequently observed when carbohydrates are present. This study investigated the mechanism of the retardation by manipulating the carbon source fed to a complex anaerobic microbiota and linking the reactor performance to the variation of the microbial community. Two anaerobic acidification reactors were first acclimated either to casein (CAS reactor) or lactose (LAC reactor), and then fed with mixtures of casein and lactose. Results showed that when lactose was present, the microbial community acclimated to casein shifted from mainlyChloroflexitoProteobacteriaandFirmicutes, the degree of deamination in the CAS reactor decreased from 77 to 15%, and the VFA production decreased from 75 to 34% of the effluent COD. A decrease of 75% in protease activity and 90% in deamination activity of the microbiota was also observed. The microorganisms that can ferment both proteins and carbohydrates were predominant in the microbial community, and from a thermodynamical point of view, they consumed carbohydrates prior to proteins. The frequently observed negative effect of carbohydrates on protein degradation can be mainly attributed to the substrate preference of these populations.Keypoints• The presence of lactose shifted the microbial community and retarded anaerobic protein degradation.•Facultative genera were dominant in the presence and absence of lactose.•Substrate-preference caused retardation of anaerobic protein degradation.
PD-1+ mast cell enhanced by PD-1 blocking therapy associated with resistance to immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jun , Peng Gang , Zhu Kuikui , Jie Xiaohua , Xu Yingzhuo , Rao Xinrui , Xu Yunhong , Chen Yunshang , Xing Biyuan , Wu Gang , Shi Liangliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody has been approved for a variety of tumors, but its effective rate is unsatisfactory. New evidence suggests that mast cells are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and are associated with resistance to immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism is not clear.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis of patients with melanoma in TCGA-SKCM and GSE91061 was used to determine the prognostic value of mast cells and their association with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. HMC-1 cells (mast cell line) and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were used to verify the effect of PD-1 antibody and cromolyn sodium in vitro. The mouse subcutaneous melanoma model was used to verify the effect of the PD-1 antibody on mast cells in vivo.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis showed that mast cells were a poor prognostic factor associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. PD-1 was expressed on the mast cell membrane. The PD-1 antibody promoted the release of histamine and cytokines from mast cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway and calcium signaling pathway. The activation of mast cells induced by PD-1 antibody could be partially inhibited by cromolyn sodium. In vivo, cromolyn sodium increased the efficacy of PD-1 antibody and decreased the infiltration of mast cells and the density of microvessels.

Conclusion
PD-1+ mast cell activated by PD-1 antibody plays a negative role in the tumor microenvironment via the enhanced function of releasing histamine and cytokines. Inhibition of mast cell may provide a new solution to solve the low response rate of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling
Authors: Scheuermann Julia-Sophia , Gräßel Elmar , Pendergrass Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInformal caregivers (CGs) often fail to recognize or express a need for informal caregiver counseling (ICC) but ICC is an essential but relatively rarely used support service for CGs.ObjectiveOur aim is to identify predictors of CGs’ need for ICC. Stirling et al.’s need model, which includes three needs (expressed, felt, and normative), serves as a theoretical basis.Material and methodsAnalyses are based on cross-sectional data (n = 958) from the “Benefits of being a caregiver” study. Predictors of the need to use ICC were analyzed with binary logistic regression. A sensitivity analysis using multiple linear regression was performed for the metric value of normative needs.ResultsWe found that 6.8% of CGs currently or have recently used ICC. This expressed need was related to higher education and higher effort in instrumental activities; 24.1% of CGs reported an intention to use ICC in the future. This felt need was related to male gender, lower care level, more problem-focused coping, and a desire for more informal help. Objective need for ICC (normative need), which was related to a higher burden of care, less experienced benefits, and negative relationship quality, was reported by 21.4% of CGs. According to a sensitivity analysis, higher education, a desire for informal help, and living in separate households also predicted a normative need for counseling.DiscussionCurrent utilization is significantly lower than the subjectively perceived and objectively existing need for ICC. The identified predictors provide initial strategies for motivating more CGs to use ICC.
The risk analysis of perioperative complications of cementless hip arthroplasty in octogenarians
Authors: Koettnitz Julian , Jäcker Justus , Migliorini Filippo , Trost Michael , Peterlein Christian Dominik , Götze Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Hip arthroplasty is exposed to demographic change as patients age. Analysis of risk factors for surgical treatment decisions in the group of ≥ 80-year-old patients is crucial. Healthcare systems in developed countries are being tested medically and financially by the ageing population. Therefore, this study analysed the perioperative complications of cementless primary hip arthroplasty in octogenarians and compared them with patients aged ≤ 60 years.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis of the year 2017 was done in a maximum care hospital of General Orthopaedic Surgery. Patients aged ≥ 80 years or ≤ 60 years with primary cementless hip arthroplasty were included. The outcome of interest was surgery-related and systemic complications, the development of haemoglobin and the incidence of blood transfusion after cementless primary hip arthroplasty in octogenarians during the hospitalisation and the follow-up treatment. Chi-square tests and Fischer's exact test were used for nominal variables. The two-factorial variance analysis-mixed model was used for Hb analyses and the Welch test for group comparison for metric parameters.

Results
There was a significantly increased incidence of systemic complications during hospitalisation in the ≥ 80-year-old patients (phi 0.26; Std. Ri − 0.8 (A), 2.2 (B); p = 0.007), as well as a significantly increased rate of blood transfusions (phi 0.403; Std. Ri − 1.3 (A), 3.2 (B); p = < 0.001). No clustered pre-existing conditions in the ≥ 80-year-old patients pointed out a significant association with the incidence of systemic complications. Surgery-related complications showed no significant difference during hospitalisation and follow-up treatment.

Conclusion
The study reveals that primary cementless hip prosthesis implantation is a safe procedure without increased incidence of surgery-related complications. Increased attention should be paid to interdisciplinary preoperative optimisation (adjustment of blood pressure, blood transfusions, if necessary, safe exclusion of urinary tract infections) and postoperative care of octogenarians (tight laboratory examinations, geriatric co-attendance).
Correlation of Eustachian tube function with the results of type 1 tympanoplasty: a prospective study
Authors: Moneir Waleed , El-Kholy Noha Ahmed , Ali Ahmed Ismail , Abdeltawwab Mohamed Moustafa , El-Sharkawy Asser Abdel Raouf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to evaluate Eustachian tube (ET) function tests and their impact on outcomes of tympanoplasty in patients with inactive chronic suppurative otitis media.

Materials and methods
A prospective study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and having a central dry perforation. Assessment of the ET function was done for all included cases by three tests; pressure swallow equalization test, saccharine test and methylene blue test. The primary outcome is the graft success rate defined as intact graft without any residual perforation at 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include hearing assessment and possible associated complications.

Results
64 patients were included in the study with an average age of 36.59 ± 11.96 years. All patients underwent assessment of the ET function by saccharine test, methylene blue test and pressure equalization test (PET) followed by microscopic post-auricular tympanoplasty. Successful tympanoplasty is achieved in 93.75% of cases with residual perforation in four patients. Mean air–bone gap is significantly improved from 23.73 ± 2.80 preoperatively to 10.93 ± 5.46 postoperatively. Results of Methylene blue test has no statistical impact on graft take rate (p value = 0.379), while saccharine test and pressure equalization test results have statistically significant correlation with graft success (p value ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
Saccharine and Pressure equalization tests have a good positive correlation with the graft healing in tympanoplasty, while methylene blue test was found to have no correlation with the success rate.
Respiratory muscle endurance training improves exercise performance but does not affect resting blood pressure and sleep in healthy active elderly
Authors: Stutz Jan , Casutt Selina , Spengler Christina M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ageing is associated with increased blood pressure (BP), reduced sleep, decreased pulmonary function and exercise capacity. The main purpose of this study was to test whether respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) improves these parameters.

Methods
Twenty-four active normotensive and prehypertensive participants (age: 65.8 years) were randomized and balanced to receive either RMET (N = 12) or placebo (PLA, N = 12). RMET consisted of 30 min of volitional normocapnic hyperpnea at 60% of maximal voluntary ventilation while PLA consisted of 1 inhalation day−1 of a lactose powder. Both interventions were performed on 4–5 days week−1 for 4–5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, resting BP, pulmonary function, time to exhaustion in an incremental respiratory muscle test (incRMET), an incremental treadmill test (IT) and in a constant-load treadmill test (CLT) at 80% of peak oxygen consumption, balance, sleep at home, and body composition were assessed. Data was analyzed with 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs.

Results
Compared to PLA, there was no change in resting BP (independent of initial resting BP), pulmonary function, IT performance, sleep, body composition or balance (all p > 0.05). Performance significantly increased in the incRMET (+ 6.3 min) and the CLT (+ 3.2 min), resulting in significant interaction effects (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In the elderly population, RMET might be used to improve respiratory and whole body endurance performance either as an adjunct to physical exercise training or as a replacement thereof for people not being able to intensively exercise even if no change in BP or sleep may be expected.
HER2 overexpression/amplification status in colorectal cancer: a comparison between immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization using five different immunohistochemical scoring criteria
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Qi , Gao Fuping , Wu Hongyan , Fu Yao , Yang Jun , Fan Xiangshan , Cui Xiaobin , Pu Xiaohong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Although HER2 has gradually become an important therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC), a unified and standard HER2 scoring system was still not established in CRC, and the debatable results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in CRC requires further exploration.

Methods
In this study, we use five immunohistochemical (IHC) scoring criteria (i.e., IRS-p, IRS-m, GEA-s, GEA-b and HERACLES) and two FISH criteria to evaluate HER2 status, and further evaluate the correlation between HER2 status and clinicopathological features, survival in a large, unselected Chinese cohort of 664 CRCs.

Results
Finally, we set HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥ 2.0, or an average HER2 copy number ≥ 6.0 as FISH-positive threshold and the amplification rate of HER2 gene was 7.08% (47/664).The HER2 positivity (IHC 3+) was 2.71%, 3.16%, 2.56%, 2.71% and 3.16%, according to the IHC scoring criteria of IRS-p, IRS-m, GEA-s, GEA-b and HERACLES, respectively. Set FISH results as the golden standard; receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that IRS-p had both high sensitivity and specificity than other IHC scoring systems to evaluate HER2 status. Based on IRS-p criterion, There were significant differences in tumor differentiation (p = 0.038), lymphatic vascular invasion (p = 0.001), pN stage (p value = 0.043), and overall survival (p < 0.001) among IHC score 0–3 + groups. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in pT stage (p = 0.031), pN stage (p = 0.009) and overall survival (p < 0.001) among FISH subgroups.

Conclusion
The IRS-p criterion was more suitable for assessing the HER2 status in CRC patients than other IHC criteria. Whereas for FISH scoring system, only HER2/CEP17 < 2.0, meanwhile HER2cn < 4.0 and HER2cn ≥ 6.0 were subgroups with unique clinicopathological characteristics.
Achieving signal power amplification using energetically passive devices
Authors: Jakoby Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article discusses some fundamental properties of electronic amplifiers and the associated implications. When defining the passivity of a multi-port circuit in the sense of net power consumption (rather than the ability to amplify signals), devices such as transistors, which are commonly described as “active”, have to be considered passive, which is referred to as “energetically passive” to avoid confusion with other definitions. It is shown that, when using such energetically passive devices to achieve signal power amplification, the amplifier circuit necessarily has to feature a non-linear transfer function. The article discusses how two common concepts (class A and B amplifiers) to achieve signal power amplification with such devices can be fundamentally related to Poynting’s theorem and that both of these concepts allow the realization of at least piecewise linear transfer functions in spite of the necessary non-linearity.
Der Meta-Ökosystem Ansatz in der Praxis – Integration von hydromorphologischen Veränderungen und menschlichen Eingriffen in die Meta-Ökosystem-Theorie zur Entwicklung eines nachhaltigen Flussmanagements an der österreichischen Donau
Authors: Bondar-Kunze Elisabeth , Funk Andrea , Haidvogl Gertrud , Unfer Günther , Muhar Susanne , Hohensinner Severin , Borgwardt Florian , Rauch Pablo , Meulenbroek Paul , Hein Thomas 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungFlussregulierungen haben die Flusslandschaft der Donau bedeutend verändert. Die einstige Habitat- und Artenvielfalt ging dadurch zu einem großen Teil verloren. Obwohl an der Donau laufend Projekte zur ökologischen Verbesserung umgesetzt werden, gibt es nach wie vor große Wissensdefizite, wie sich diese einzelnen Maßnahmen in ihrer Gesamtheit auswirken und welche Maßnahmentypen in Zukunft notwendig sind. Das CD-Labor MERI, welches in diesem Artikel vorgestellt wird, wird in den kommenden 7 Jahren diese Wissenslücken adressieren, um Strategien für ein ökologisch nachhaltiges und ökonomisch effizientes Flussmanagement der Donau zu entwickeln. Um die Auswirkungen menschlicher Aktivitäten auf die zeitliche Entwicklung der Donau vom nicht systematisch regulierten System zum heutigen Zustand nachzuvollziehen, werden historische und rezente Daten entlang der österreichischen Donau und ihrer Hauptzuflüsse mit neuen Ansätzen analysiert. Die Untersuchung von Fischwanderungen und die Dynamik der Habitatwahl von Fischen innerhalb der Donau werden Aufschlüsse über präferierte Lebensraumbereiche bzw. Lebensraumdefizite geben. Trophische, d. h. mit der Nahrung in Zusammenhang stehende Ebenen, werden ebenfalls erfasst und Nahrungsnetzbeziehungen in unterschiedlichen Flussbereichen analysiert. Die aktuellen und potenziellen Ökosystemleistungen des Flusses, wie z. B. Hochwasser- und Nährstoffrückhalt, aber auch Verfügbarkeit von Gebieten für Erholung und Freizeitaktivitäten, werden systematisch untersucht. Auch die fischereiliche Nutzung der Donau und ihrer Nebengewässer wird genauer analysiert, um ein nachhaltiges fischereiliches Management zu entwickeln. Anhand von Modellen für zukünftige Szenarien werden Ansätze für das zukünftige Flussmanagement getestet, um die Multifunktionalität der Donau zu verbessern und die Artenvielfalt zu erhalten. Der Meta-Ökosystem-Ansatz verbindet biologische Prozesse, menschliche Aktivitäten und Ökosystemleistungen auf unterschiedlichen räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalenebenen, um ein besseres Systemverständnis für die Donau zu erhalten.
Determinants and Plemelj-Smithies formulas
Authors: Cardona Duván , Delgado Julio , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe establish Plemelj-Smithies formulas for determinants in different algebras of operators. In particular we define a Poincaré type determinant for operators on the torus $${{\mathbb T}^n}$$

T

n

and deduce formulas for determinants of periodic pseudo-differential operators in terms of the symbol. On the other hand, by applying a recently introduced notion of invariant operators relative to fixed decompositions of Hilbert spaces we also obtain formulae for determinants with respect to the trace class. The analysis makes use of the corresponding notion of full matrix-symbol. We also derive explicit formulas for determinants associated to elliptic operators on compact manifolds, compact Lie groups, and on homogeneous vector bundles over compact homogeneous manifolds.
Premenstrual symptoms across the lifespan in an international sample: data from a mobile application
Authors: Hantsoo Liisa , Rangaswamy Shivani , Voegtline Kristin , Salimgaraev Rodion , Zhaunova Liudmila , Payne Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremenstrual symptoms, including physical and mood symptoms, affect a large proportion of women worldwide. Data on premenstrual symptoms across nations and age groups is limited. In the present study, we leveraged a large international dataset to explore patterns in premenstrual symptom frequency with age. A survey was administered to users of the Flo mobile application (app), aged 18 to 55. The survey queried app users about a range of premenstrual symptoms. Respondents were asked whether they experienced each symptom every menstrual cycle, some cycles, or never. Age was also captured and categorized as 18–27, 28–37, 38–47, 48–55. Data was summarized and Pearson’s chi square test for count data assessed differences in symptom frequency by age group. A sample of 238,114 app users from 140 countries responded to the survey. The most common symptoms reported were food cravings (85.28%), mood swings or anxiety (64.18%), and fatigue (57.3%). Absentmindedness, low libido, sleep changes, gastrointestinal symptoms, weight gain, headaches, sweating or hot flashes, fatigue, hair changes, rashes, and swelling were significantly more frequent with increasing age (p’s < 0.001). Mood swings and anxiety did not vary by age group. Of the respondents, 28.61% reported that premenstrual symptoms interfered with their everyday life each menstrual cycle. In a large international sample, the majority of women reported premenstrual food cravings, mood changes, and fatigue every menstrual cycle. Mood symptoms did not vary by age group, suggesting that premenstrual mood changes are a persistent issue among women of reproductive age.
(Climate) Migrants welcome? Evidence from a survey experiment in Austria
Authors: Henning Karla , Steimanis Ivo , Vollan Björn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study how economic, conflict, and environmental drivers of migration influence immigration acceptance in a receiving country. We carried out an online survey experiment in autumn 2015 with 686 student participants from the University of Innsbruck in Austria. In the survey experiment, respondents state their acceptance for a fictitious migrant from Chad where we vary the following causes of the migration decision: (1) violent conflicts, (2) environmental degradation due to global climate change, (3) environmental degradation due to local overuse, and (4) better economic prospects. We find that respondents support migrants who move because of climate change as much as conflict migrants. Acceptance is lowest for migrants who decide to leave for economic reasons, while it is slightly higher in the case of environmental degradation due to local overuse. Strikingly, a sizable share of respondents (25%) would even reject conflict migrants. Respondents who perceive a negative correlation between welfare, crime rates and job opportunities, and the presence of immigrants display lower immigration acceptance for all motives underlying the migration decision. In addition, we find heterogeneous effects depending on the respondents’ gender and political affiliation. Respondents with right-wing party preferences disclose lower acceptance levels for all causes except conflict. Female respondents are more accepting of climate migrants and less of economic migrants than men. This paper informs the debate around the ongoing political and societal polarization in Europe and elsewhere on the acceptance of different types of migrants.
Gendo-Frobenius Algebras and Comultiplication
Authors: Yırtıcı Çiğdem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGendo-Frobenius algebras are a common generalisation of Frobenius algebras and of gendo-symmetric algebras. A comultiplication is constructed for gendo-Frobenius algebras, which specialises to the known comultiplications on Frobenius and on gendo-symmetric algebras. In addition, Frobenius algebras are shown to be precisely those gendo-Frobenius algebras that have a counit compatible with this comultiplication. Moreover, a new characterisation of gendo-Frobenius algebras is given. This new characterisation is a key for constructing the comultiplication of gendo-Frobenius algebras.