bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competency-Based Medical Education for The Indian Medical Graduate: Implementation & Assessment in Ophthalmology
Authors: Singh Kirti , Rathie Neha , Jain Parul 
Published: June 2022

Competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum has been implemented by National Medical Council from 2019 for the Indian Medical Graduates (IMG). This competency-based curriculum focuses on skill acquisition with incorporation of soft skills related to attitude, communication and ethics. Widespread adoption of a competency-based approach would mean a paradigm shift in the current approach to medical education.
The current article describes rationale of CBME along with an overview of the competencies mandated in ophthalmology with detailing of assessment module by means of logbook with incorporation of work place based assessment.
Nitrogen management for furrow‐irrigated rice produced on silt‐loam soils
Authors: Chlapecka Justin L. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hardke Jarrod T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRice is typically produced under flooded conditions, but upward of 120,000 ha of furrow‐irrigated rice (FIR) were produced in Arkansas and Missouri in 2020. Nitrogen management will inherently vary under FIR production due to greater N loss potential, especially via nitrification–denitrification stimulated by wetting and drying cycles of the soil. A series of trials were conducted from 2018 to 2020 to determine the optimum N management program for FIR grown on a silt‐loam soil. Eight sites were used in a split‐plot design, with the whole‐plot factor being location within the field (top vs. bottom) and the split‐plot factor being N management regime. The N management regimes ranged from a single application to a four‐way split. Trial results suggest that multiple N management programs can maximize rice grain yield, including those with a greater number of N applications or season total N rate. The recovery efficiency of N ranged from 53.6 to 76.2% and the agronomic N efficiency ranged from 8.3 to 29.3 kg kg–1. The findings suggest that three weekly applications of 52 kg N ha–1 will allow FIR producers across the Mid‐South to optimize their N management program, potentially increasing yield and decreasing environmental effects resulting from the transition to FIR.
Advanced strategies in glycosylation prediction and control during biopharmaceutical development: Avenues toward industry 4.0
Authors: Puranik Amita , Saldanha Marianne , Chirmule Narendra , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlycosylation has been shown to define the safety and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals, thus classified as a critical quality attribute. However, controlling glycan heterogeneity has always been a major challenge owing to the multivariate factors that govern the glycosylation process. Conventional approaches for controlling glycosylation such as gene editing and metabolic control have succeeded in obtaining desired glycan profiles in accordance with the Quality by Design paradigm. Nonetheless, the development of smart algorithms and omics‐enabled complete cell characterization has made it possible to predict glycan profiles beforehand, and manipulate process variables accordingly. This review thus discusses the various approaches available for control and prediction of glycosylation in biopharmaceuticals. Further, the futuristic goal of integrating such technologies is discussed in order to attain an automated and digitized continuous bioprocess for control of glycosylation. Given, control of a process as complex as glycosylation requires intense monitoring intervention, we examine the current technologies that enable automation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the technological gap that currently limits incorporation of an automated process in routine bio‐manufacturing, with a glimpse into the economic bearing.
Online group interventions for mental health promotion of college students: Integrative review
Authors: da Silva Grasiele Cristina Lucietto , Rossato Lucas , Correia‐Zanini Marta Regina Gonçalves , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe which group interventions have been performed on the online platform for the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental health difficulties in college students. An integrative review was performed in the databases/libraries of Lilacs, PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying 13 articles published between the years 2019 and 2021. Of these, 12 studies are quantitative and one presented a mixed method. As for the level of evidence, eight are randomised clinical trials (level of evidence II), three quasi‐experimental studies (level of evidence III), and two are cohort or case–control studies (level of evidence IV). The results suggest that online interventions are effective in helping the mental health of college students during social isolation, as experienced due to the pandemic, and in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. All the identified group intervention methods showed satisfactory and promising results for this population.
Spring‐planted cover crop effects on weed suppression, crop yield, and net returns in no‐tillage dryland crop production
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Dille Johanna , Holman John , Simon Logan M. , Sancewich Brian , Kumar Vipan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntegrating cover crops (CCs) into dryland crop rotations could provide options for herbicide‐resistant (HR) weed control in no‐tillage (NT) systems. Field experiments investigated weed suppression potential of spring‐planted CCs and their effects on plant available water, crop yields, and net returns. The CC treatments were implemented during the fallow phase of NT wheat (Triticum aestivum L)–sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench)–fallow rotation at two locations: Brownell and Colby, over 3 yr in western Kansas. Treatments were oat–triticale (OT), oat–triticale–pea (Pisum sativum; OTP), spring pea, and fallow. Spring pea aboveground biomass was 3,290 kg ha−1, whereas OT produced 5,640 kg ha−1 and OTP produced 5,260 kg ha−1. Regardless of location, weed biomass was reduced between 86 and 99% with CCs relative to weedy fallow. Cover crops reduced plant available water at winter wheat planting in three out of the six site‐years. Averaged across years, CCs reduced winter wheat yields by 18% compared with fallow at Brownell but not at Colby. Replacing fallow with spring pea increased gross revenue but generated negative net returns because of high cost of herbicide and pea seed. Net return with OT or OTP CCs were negative in four out of six site‐years when used strictly for weed suppression. However, net returns were mostly positive when OT ($110–876) or OTP (−$110–832) CCs were used as forage. Our results showed replacing fallow with spring‐planted CCs for weed suppression in dryland cropping system is profitable only when the CCs are used for forage.
Global dependence on Corn Belt Dent maize germplasm: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Smith J. Stephen , Trevisan Walter , McCunn Alan , Huffman Wallace E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany changes affecting the management of genetic diversity occurred following recommendations made by the National Research Council in the aftermath of the Southern Leaf Corn blight epidemic of 1970–1971. New maize (Zea maysL.) breeding programs involving both publicly and privately funded collaborators were initiated. The number and scope of international maize breeding programs increased. Changes in germplasm usage included reduced usage of Lancaster Surecrop Oh43 and Mo17 types with increased use of Iodent. In contrast, continued and significant reliance upon Iowa Stiff‐Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) germplasm has persisted. The availability of exotic germplasm for potential use in U.S. maize breeding has increased. However, we could find no publicly available information confirming the recent deployment of exotic germplasm on U.S. farms. Estimated global dependence upon Corn Belt Dent (CBD) germplasm is highly skewed; four countries producing 55% of global maize are 84–88% reliant on CBD. The United States and China, which collectively contribute 46% of global maize production, are 92% dependent. Trends in global usage of CBD germplasm mirror those previously seen in the United States. Concerns about genetic vulnerability that were initially addressed by the U.S. National Research Council should now be considered on a global scale.
An inventory of crop wild relatives and wild‐utilized plants in Canada
Authors: Ulrich Jens C. , Moreau Tara L. , Luna‐Perez Erika , Beckett Kephra I. S. , Simon Lili K. , Migicovsky Zoë , Diederichsen Axel , Khoury Colin K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the face of global pressures of change and biodiversity loss, crop wild relatives (CWR) and wild‐utilized species (WUS) urgently require conservation attention. To advance conservation, we assembled a national inventory of CWR and WUS in Canada. To assess current ex situ conservation of these plant species, we gathered a virtual metacollection of accession data from botanical gardens and national genebanks. The inventory includes 779 CWR and WUS taxa (658 distinct species), with 263 (222 distinct species) that are related to food crops of national and global importance such as blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosumL.), apple (Malus domestica(Suckow) Borkh.), sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), and saskatoon (Amelanchierspp.). Sixty‐one food crop relatives are prioritized for breeding potential, and sixteen due to conservation threats. Although most food crop CWR are represented in ex situ collections (91% of species), representation of within‐species diversity is low (median = 5% of Canadian ecogeographic types represented per species). Poor representation of within‐species diversity demands an integrative conservation strategy that emphasizes in situ protection, especially focusing on wild populations in Canada's southern ecoregions where diversity is concentrated. While genebank collections represent higher accession counts per species, botanical gardens include living collections of fruit crop relatives and other woody perennials that are well situated to raise broader awareness of CWR and WUS. To promote further conservation action, we present a web application that enables conservation planners and practitioners to identify local CWR and WUS and to identify within‐species ecogeographic types that are underrepresented in ex situ conservation systems.
Prevention of sudden death in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: do we still need an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator for primary prevention?
Authors: Abdelhamid Magdy , Rosano Giuseppe , Metra Marco , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Böhm Michael , Chioncel Ovidiu , Filippatos Gerasimos , Jankowska Ewa A. , Lopatin Yury , Lund Lars , Milicic Davor , Moura Brenda , Ben Gal Tuvia , Ristic Arsen , Rakisheva Amina , Savarese Gianluigi , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Thum Thomas , Anker Stefan D. , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSudden death is a devastating complication of heart failure (HF). Current guidelines recommend an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) for prevention of sudden death in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) specifically those with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% after at least 3 months of optimized HF treatment. The benefit of ICD in patients with symptomatic HFrEF caused by coronary artery disease has been well documented; however, the evidence for a benefit of prophylactic ICD implantation in patients with HFrEF of non‐ischaemic aetiology is less strong. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers (BB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) block the deleterious actions of angiotensin II, norepinephrine, and aldosterone, respectively. Neprilysin inhibition potentiates the actions of endogenous natriuretic peptides that mitigate adverse ventricular remodelling. BB, MRA, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) have a favourable effect on reduction of sudden cardiac death in HFrEF. Recent data suggest a beneficial effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in reducing serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with HFrEF. So, in the current era of new drugs for HFrEF and with the optimal use of disease‐modifying therapies (BB, MRA, ARNI and SGLT2i), we might need to reconsider the need and timing for use of ICD as primary prevention of sudden death, especially in HF of non‐ischaemic aetiology.
Species‐specific biological energy storage and reuse
Authors: Yildiz Cennet , Özilgen Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConversion of the stored chemical energy of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) into heat by rodents, difficulties in energy storage by cheetahs, conversion of the nutrient's energy into electric power by electric eels and requirement of unreasonable amounts of energy storage by Albatrosses to exhale flame are evaluated. Humans are born with BAT activity but lose it in a short while. Scientists are trying to bring it back as a therapeutic procedure against obesity. Electric eels need to hunt a large number of low‐calorie catfish in a single electric shock. This is possible in prosperous places like the Amazon, but not elsewhere. Wandering albatross might have been perceived as a dragon, if it would have the flame exhaling ability. It may yield the production of 116 mol of methane after being fossilized. If the entire energy stored by the fossil should be used for exhaling fire, it would be sufficient for 17 days only. Its lifespan is more than 50 years, even if the albatross uses all of its stored energy for flame exhaling its energy will fall too short to achieve it for the lifetime. Energy conversion processes, which are described in this study are achieved by limited number of biological species only and appear in the literature for the first time.
Battery energy storage in electric vehicles by 2030
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work aims to review battery‐energy‐storage (BES) to understand whether, given the present and near future limitations, the best approach should be the promotion of multiple technologies, namely support of battery‐electric‐vehicles (BEVs), hybrid thermal electric vehicles (HTEVs), and hydrogen fuel‐cell‐electric‐vehicles (FCEVs), rather than BEVs alone. While battery technologies have dramatically improved especially in the last 25 years, the dismissal of internal‐combustion‐engine‐vehicles (ICEVs) in favor of BEVs has only been the result of an environmental constraint rather than a techno‐economical advantage. BEVs still suffer from techno‐economic disadvantages vs ICEVs and are also less environmentally friendly on a cradle‐to‐grave life‐cycle‐analysis (LCA) than HTEVs which are using hydrocarbon fuels. Simplified plug‐in series HTEVs fitted with a slightly larger battery can work electric over the certification cycles, which are the most common mode of operation of the vehicle. These vehicles can also recharge the battery by using a small, high‐efficiency internal‐combustion‐engine (ICE) driving a generator when plug‐in recharge is impractical. Further improvements in battery technology within the next decade to solid‐state lithium batteries may permit double the specific energy per unit mass (σm) as well as unit volume (σv). This will lead to an increment of the range and the miles‐per‐gallon‐equivalent, in other words, the energy efficiency. The economic and environmental costs of these novel BEVs are still difficult to forecast. Plug‐in HTEVs, fueled with hydrocarbon or even hydrogen fuel, and plug‐in hydrogen FCEVs, may work together with BEVs to cover the different needs of personal mobility by 2030.
Characterization of thin films of Ga2Se3 on Si fabricated using electron beam evaporation technique
Authors: Bhatnagar Mona , Jha Shivangi , Kumar Sushil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany studies have been conducted in the past on compound semiconductor and wide‐gap semiconductor for their possible usage in place of oxide in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structures for high‐speed metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors application. The best candidates for this purpose, however, are compounds with stoichiometric vacant type sites. type compounds are wide‐gap semiconductors with stoichiometric vacancies and low concentration of free and localized charged carriers. It has that gate insulators can be constructed from wide‐gap semiconductor layers with thicknesses smaller than the Debye Screening distance. These new MS'S (metal‐Wide bandgap semiconductor‐semiconductor) with a good lattice match have less of interface states thus giving better stability to the structure. The idea was to use these MS'S structures for photovoltaic applications with insignificant number of interface states. During literature survey, it was also found that Ga2Se3 is the most prospective candidate for forming a heterostructure with Silicon because of its various properties. Structurally, perfect and homogeneous in thickness Ga2Se3 layers have already been formed in quasi‐closed volume by the Hot Wall technique by B. I. Sysoev in the Voronezh Technological Institute, Russia. However, this technology is not cost‐efficient for photovoltaic applications, although it has the advantage of better control of Ga and Se components. Over the last few years, many attempts have been made using many other techniques such as Sol‐gel technique, vapour phase epitaxy, molecular beam epitaxy, etc. for preparing the thin film of GaSe. The current work is an attempt to prepare the Ga2Se3 film using the electron beam evaporation technique as it appeared to be much simpler. Film of thicknesses varying from 70 to 1000 Å were grown. The films have been studied for their morphology and properties for future use in photovoltaics and other device fabrication like IR detectors, etc. Various techniques were used to study the behavior of the films like XRD, SEM, and TEM.
Effects of frying on microplastics load in fish and implications on health
Authors: Eshun Fatima , Pobee Abigail Naa Adjorkor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) have been found in almost everything we eat and drink. With one‐third of all plastic waste being dumped in the ocean, MPs, derivatives from plastics, have contaminated our water sources and all the aquatic fauna in them. For many people, seafood forms one of their daily delicacies, and the method of cooking could have implications on the MP loads in them. There are, however, limited studies on the effects of the method of cooking on MPs in seafood, and to address this knowledge gap, this study looks at the effects of frying on MPs in fish. Eighteen raw fish samples were compared to 18 fried fish samples. The results showed more MP loads in the fresh fish than in the fried fish. Furthermore, there were more MP loads in the remaining oil used in frying than in the raw oil. The study recommends that there should be more education to create awareness of the reuse of oil used to fry fish, as this could pose a food security risk. Policies and strategies to help with the proper management of plastic wastes could also go a long way to reduce MPs in fish and seafood in general. Further studies to quantify the effects of MPs in foods on human health are warranted.
Fatty liver disease is not associated with increased mortality in the elderly: A prospective cohort study
Authors: van Kleef Laurens A. , Sonneveld Milan J. , Kavousi Maryam , Ikram M. Arfan , de Man Robert A. , de Knegt Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:
Fatty liver disease (FLD) has been associated with excess mortality. Screening for hepatic steatosis (HS) in patients with metabolic dysfunction is therefore recommended by several guidelines, despite a paucity of evidence on the clinical relevance of FLD in this specific subgroup.

Approach and Results:
We studied participants of an ongoing prospective cohort (the Rotterdam Study). Persons ≥65 years old were enrolled from 2009 to 2014 and were followed through 2018. Steatosis was assessed by ultrasound and liver stiffness (LS) by transient elastography. The association between HS and LS with mortality was assessed using Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke. We included 4093 elderly participants (74.4 ± 6.6 years old; 42.7% male); 36.8% had ultrasound‐based steatosis. During the median follow‐up of 6.9 years, 793 participants died (29.6 per 1000 person‐years). In the overall population, steatosis was not associated with mortality in multivariable analysis (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73–1.03). Findings were consistent across a range of clinically relevant subgroups, including age categories, sex, MetS, elevated liver enzymes, and cardiac disease. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results for mortality beyond 5 years of follow‐up and cancer‐related and cerebro‐cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, among participants with steatosis, higher LS (aHR, 1.04 per kPa; 95% CI, 0.95–1.14) was not associated with mortality.

Conclusions:
Presence of FLD was not associated with mortality in this cohort nor in a range of subgroups. This indicates that screening for FLD and/or fibrosis is unlikely to improve outcomes among the elderly population.
Macrophage‐specific FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis progression in mice
Authors: Li Santie , Zhou Bin , Xue Mei , Zhu Junjie , Tong Gaozan , Fan Junfu , Zhu Kunxuan , Hu Zijing , Chen Rui , Dong Yonggan , Chen Yiming , Lee Kwang Youl , Li Xiaokun , Jin Litai , Cong Weitao 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:
Chronic liver diseases are associated with the development of liver fibrosis. Without treatment, liver fibrosis commonly leads to cirrhosis and HCC. FGF12 is an intracrine factor belonging to the FGF superfamily, but its role in liver homeostasis is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of FGF12 in the regulation of liver fibrosis.

Approach and Results:
FGF12 was up‐regulated in bile duct ligation (BDL)–induced and CCL4‐induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Expression of FGF12 was specifically up‐regulated in nonparenchymal liver cells, especially in hepatic macrophages. By constructing myeloid‐specific FGF12 knockout mice, we found that deletion of FGF12 in macrophages protected against BDL‐induced and CCL4‐induced liver fibrosis. Further results revealed that FGF12 deletion dramatically decreased the population of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus C high macrophages in mouse fibrotic liver tissue and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Meanwhile, loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function approaches revealed that FGF12 promoted the proinflammatory activation of macrophages, thus inducing HSC activation mainly through the monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine (C–C motif) receptor 2 axis. Further experiments indicated that the regulation of macrophage activation by FGF12 was mainly mediated through the Janus kinase–signal transducer of activators of transcription pathway. Finally, the results revealed that FGF12 expression correlates with the severity of fibrosis across the spectrum of fibrogenesis in human liver samples.

Conclusions:
FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis progression. Therapeutic approaches to inhibit macrophage FGF12 may be used to combat liver fibrosis in the future.
Otherfathering and Black men's mental health: A primer for counselors
Authors: Hannon Michael D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNo counseling research exists about how otherfathering affects Black men's wellness. Black otherfathering has been primarily studied in schools as one of many expectations for Black male teachers. A review of research about the relationship between fathering, otherfathering, and mental health in Black men is presented and concludes with a rationale for more research about Black otherfathering as a potential protective factor for Black men's mental health.