bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Support for Informal Caregivers of Spouses and Parents(-in-Law) Aged 60 Years and Older During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Representative German Online Survey
Authors: Zwar Larissa , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe analyzed whether spousal and adult child caregivers of older adults differed from each other and from noncaregivers in terms of the social support available to them during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, whether available support differed by gender, and whether the perception of pandemic restrictions moderated these differences.MethodsParticipants (≥40 years) were randomly drawn from the population-based German online panel forsa.omninet. Between March 4 and 19, 2021, 2,520 noncaregivers, 337 adult child caregivers, and 55 spousal caregivers were questioned about social support, perception of pandemic restrictions, health, and sociodemographic information. Adjusted regression analyses and moderator analyses were conducted.ResultsAdult child caregivers had higher social support from family and friends than noncaregivers, and more support from friends than spousal caregivers. Spousal caregivers had less social support from friends compared to both groups. The perceived restrictions of the pandemic moderated the differences in support from family and friends between spousal caregivers and noncaregivers, and the differences between spousal and adult child caregivers in support from friends. Gender moderated the difference in support by friends between caregiving and noncaregiving wives and sons(-in-law).DiscussionInformal caregivers seemed to have a supportive informal network during the pandemic. However, spousal caregivers only had similar levels of support as adult child caregivers if they strongly perceived restrictions of the pandemic, and had the lowest support level of all 3 groups—in particular from friends. Thus, spousal caregivers may benefit most from support actions, and these should focus on their wider social network.
Overprediction of Carbapenemase-Containing Isolates by an Automated AST Instrument’s Computer Algorithm
Authors: Rice Kathryn S , Luethy Paul M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The VITEK® 2 is generally accepted as a reliable method for predicting antibiotic resistance mechanisms including aminoglycoside phenotypes, beta lactam phenotypes, impermeability, and penicillinases. However, when it comes to predicting carbapenemases, the research that has been done is inconsistent in both methods and results.

Methods
We compared the predictions of the VITEK 2 and Advanced Expert System™ (AES) with the results of the modified carbapenemase inactivation method in an academic medical center lab to evaluate the clinical reliability of the VITEK 2 and AES in routine workflow for the detection of carbapenemases.

Results
Our findings show that the positive predictive value of carbapenemase detection on the VITEK2 and AES is 30.3% (91/300) in our patient population.

Conclusions
In light of these results, we propose that the VITEK 2 and AES be used as a screening tool for carbapenemase-containing organisms rather than as a definitive test.
Extension of the reduced animal model to single-step methods
Authors: Nilforooshan Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For a few decades, animal models (AMs) in the form of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) have been used for the genetic evaluation of animals. An equation system is set in the order of all the effects in the model, including all the animals in the pedigree. Solving these large equation systems has been a challenge. Reduced AM (RAM) was introduced in 1980, which allowed setting up equations for parents instead of all animals. That greatly reduced the number of equations to be solved. The RAM is followed by a back-solving step, in which progenies’ breeding values are obtained conditional on parental breeding values. Initially, pedigree information was utilized to model genetic relationships between animals. With the availability of genomic information, genomic BLUP (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), and single-step marker models were developed. Single-step methods utilize pedigree and genomic information for simultaneous genetic evaluation of genotyped and nongenotyped animals. There has been a shortage of studies on RAM development for genetic evaluation models utilizing genomic information. This study extended the concept of RAM from BLUP to the single-step methods. Using example data, three RAMs were described for ssGBLUP. The order of animal equations was reduced from the total number of animals to (1) genotyped animals and nongenotyped parents, (2) genotyped animals and nongenotyped phenotyped animals, and (3) genotyped animals and nongenotyped parents of phenotyped nongenotyped nonparents. Solutions for the remaining animals are obtained following a back-solving step. All the RAMs produced identical results to the full ssGBLUP. Advances in computational hardware have alleviated many computational limitations, but, on the other hand, the size of data is growing rapidly by the number of animals, traits, phenotypes, genotypes, and genotype density. There is an opportunity for a RAM comeback for the single-step methods to reduce the computational demands by reducing the number of equations.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lloyd Elizabeth C , Cogen Jonathan D , Maples Holly , Bell Scott C , Saiman Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe chronic airway infection and inflammation characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) ultimately leads to progressive lung disease, the primary cause of death in persons with CF (pwCF). Despite many recent advances in CF clinical care, efforts to preserve lung function in many pwCF still necessitate frequent antimicrobial use. Incorporating antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) principles into management of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) would facilitate development of best practices for antimicrobial utilization at CF care centers. However, AMS can be challenging in CF given the unique aspects of chronic, polymicrobial infection in the CF airways, lack of evidence-based guidelines for managing PEx, limited utility for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and increased frequency of adverse drug events in pwCF. This article describes current evidence-based antimicrobial treatment strategies for pwCF, highlights the potential for AMS to beneficially impact CF care, and provides practical strategies for integrating AMS programs into the management of PEx in pwCF.
A correlation between H α trough depth and inclination in quiescent X-ray transients: evidence for a low-mass black hole in GRO J0422+32
Authors: Casares J , Muñoz-Darias T , Torres M A P , Mata Sánchez D , Britt C T , Armas Padilla M , Álvarez-Hernández A , Cúneo V A , González Hernández J I , Jiménez-Ibarra F , Jonker P G , Panizo-Espinar G , Sánchez-Sierras J , Yanes-Rizo I V 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new method to derive binary inclinations in quiescent black hole (BH) X-ray transients (XRTs), based on the depth of the trough (T) from double-peaked H α emission profiles arising in accretion discs. We find that the inclination angle (i) is linearly correlated with T in phase-averaged spectra with sufficient orbital coverage (≳50 per cent) and spectral resolution, following i(deg) = 93.5 × T + 23.7. The correlation is caused by a combination of line opacity and local broadening, where a leading (excess broadening) component scales with the deprojected velocity of the outer disc. Interestingly, such scaling allows to estimate the fundamental ratio M1/Porb by simply resolving the intrinsic width of the double-peak profile. We apply the T–i correlation to derive binary inclinations for GRO J0422+32 and Swift J1357−0933, two BH XRTs where strong flickering activity has hindered determining their values through ellipsoidal fits to photometric light curves. Remarkably, the inclination derived for GRO J0422+32 (i = 55.6 ± 4.1○) implies a BH mass of $2.7^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$ M⊙ thus placing it within the gap that separates BHs from neutron stars. This result proves that low-mass BHs exist in nature and strongly suggests that the so-called ‘mass gap’ is mainly produced by low number statistics and possibly observational biases. On the other hand, we find that Swift J1357−0933 contains a $10.9^{+1.7}_{-1.6}$ M⊙ BH, seen nearly edge on ($i=87.4^{+2.6}_{-5.6}$ deg). Such extreme inclination, however, should be treated with caution since it relies on extrapolating the T–i correlation beyond i ≳ 75○, where it has not yet been tested.
SPARKESX: Single-dish PARKES data sets for finding the uneXpected – a data challenge
Authors: Yong Suk Yee , Hobbs George , Huynh Minh T , Rolland Vivien , Petersson Lars , Norris Ray P , Dai Shi , Luo Rui , Zic Andrew 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
New classes of astronomical objects are often discovered serendipitously. The enormous data volumes produced by recent high-time resolution, radio-telescope surveys imply that efficient algorithms are required for a discovery. Such algorithms are usually tuned to detect specific, known sources. Existing data sets therefore likely contain unknown astronomical sources, which will remain undetected unless algorithms are developed that can detect a more diverse range of signals. We present the Single-dish PARKES data sets for finding the uneXpected (SPARKESX), a compilation of real and simulated high-time resolution observations. SPARKESX comprises three mock surveys from the Parkes ‘Murriyang’ radio telescope. A broad selection of simulated and injected expected signals (such as pulsars and fast radio bursts), poorly characterized signals (plausible flare star signatures), and ‘unknown unknowns’ are generated for each survey. The goal of this challenge is to aid in the development of new algorithms that can detect a wide range of source types. We show how successful a typical pipeline based on the standard pulsar search software, presto, is at finding the injected signals. The data set is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.25919/fd4f-0g20 (Yong et al. 2022).
Low Sensitivity of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Coding for Culture-Confirmed Candidemia Cases in an Active Surveillance System: United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Benedict Kaitlin , Gold Jeremy A W , Jenkins Emily N , Roland Jeremy , Barter Devra , Czaja Christopher A , Johnston Helen , Clogher Paula , Farley Monica M , Revis Andrew , Harrison Lee H , Tourdot Laura , Davis Sarah Shrum , Phipps Erin C , Felsen Christina B , Tesini Brenda L , Escutia Gabriela , Pierce Rebecca , Zhang Alexia , Schaffner William , Lyman Meghan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We evaluated healthcare facility use of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for culture-confirmed candidemia cases detected by active public health surveillance during 2019–2020. Most cases (56%) did not receive a candidiasis code, suggesting that studies relying on ICD-10 codes likely underestimate disease burden.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine: Recommendations for Acquisition and Image Evaluation from the BACPAC Spine Imaging Working Group
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Fields Aaron J , O’Neill Conor , Nardo Lorenzo , Majumdar Sharmila , Chin Cynthia T , Tosun Duygu , Han Misung , Vu An T , Ozhinsky Eugene , Shah Lubdha M , Harris Richard E , Lobo Remy , Anderst William , Herzog Richard , Psioda Matthew A , Standaert Christopher J , Price River T , Lotz Jeffrey C , Link Thomas M , Krug Roland 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Management of patients suffering from low back pain (LBP) is challenging and requires development of diagnostic techniques to identify specific patient subgroups and phenotypes in order to customize treatment and predict clinical outcome. The Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program Spine Imaging Working Group has developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) for spinal imaging protocols to be used in all BACPAC studies. These SOPs include procedures to conduct spinal imaging assessments with guidelines for standardizing the collection, reading/grading (using structured reporting with semi-quantitative evaluation using ordinal rating scales), and storage of images. This article presents the approach to image acquisition and evaluation recommended by the BACPAC Spine Imaging Working Group. While the approach is specific to BACPAC studies, it is general enough to be applied at other centers performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions in patients with LBP. The herein presented SOPs are meant to improve understanding of pain mechanisms and facilitate patient phenotyping by codifying MRI-based methods that provide standardized, non-invasive assessments of spinal pathologies. Finally, these recommended procedures may facilitate the integration of better harmonized MRI data of the lumbar spine across studies and sites within and outside of BACPAC studies.
A filarial parasite-encoded human IL-10 receptor antagonist reveals a novel strategy to modulate host responses
Authors: Ricciardi Alessandra , Hassan Sergio A , Kamenyeva Olena , Bennuru Sasisekhar , Andersen John , Nutman Thomas B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is the primary cytokine driving the modulation of the host response in filarial infections. We performed binding assays with Brugia malayi antigen extracts and human IL-10R1. Bm5539 was the top-binding hit. We identified a short sequence, termed truncated Bm5339, that has structural similarities to the human IL-10 functional dimer. Sequence comparisons revealed that other filarial parasites possess Bm5539 orthologues. Using recombinant Bm5539 in a modified Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System assay, we confirmed that both the truncated and full-length forms of the protein can bind to human IL-10R1. Truncated Bm5539 could inhibit human IL-10-driven phosphorylation of STAT3, thereby demonstrating that Bm5539 acts as an IL-10 antagonist, most likely through competitive binding to the receptor. We provide a structural basis for these observations using computational modeling and simulations. This parasite-encoded cytokine receptor antagonist provides an additional lens through which parasite-induced modulation of the host immune response can be examined.
Time Consistency and Duration of Government Debt: A Model of Quantitative Easing
Authors: Bhattarai Saroj , Eggertsson Gauti B , Gafarov Bulat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article presents a model of quantitative easing (QE) at the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the short-term nominal interest rate. QE, which reduces the maturity of government debt, is effective at the ZLB because it generates expectations of future monetary expansion in a time-consistent equilibrium. Numerical experiments show that this effect can be substantial.
Mental Health Impacts of Hurricane Harvey: Examining the Roles of Intimate Partner Violence and Resilience
Authors: First Jennifer M , Ravi Kristen E , Smith-Frigerio Sarah , Houston J Brian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prior research has found that the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase in communities experiencing a disaster. Less studied are the associations between IPV, disaster exposure, and mental health outcomes following disaster events. In the current study, authors examined the prevalence of IPV before and after Hurricane Harvey and the direct and indirect effects of risk (i.e., disaster exposure, IPV) and resilience on mental health outcomes using structural equation modeling with 382 adults. Results indicate that exposure to Hurricane Harvey was significantly associated with risk for IPV, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and depression symptoms. In addition, IPV mediated the relationships between disaster exposure and PTS and depression symptoms. These findings support the need to incorporate IPV services and resources into disaster mental health services.
Mosaic Evolution of the Skull in Labrid Fishes Involves Differences in Both Tempo and Mode of Morphological Change
Authors: Larouche Olivier , Gartner Samantha M , Westneat Mark W , Evans Kory M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary changes by allowing subsets of traits to coevolve as integrated units and follow quasi-independent evolutionary trajectories, a pattern that may be particularly consequential in the case of highly complex morphological structures. Here we examine modularity in a complex and highly kinetic structure, the teleost skull, and ask if a modular organization of the skull has influenced the diversification dynamics of the shapes of its osteological components across the labrid phylogeny. We compiled one of the largest 3D morphological data sets of fishes to date and used geometric morphometrics to quantify patterns of cranial shape evolution across 184 species of wrasses (Labridae). We then tested several hypotheses of modularity inspired by functional and developmental relationships between cranial bones and compared phenotypic rates among modules. We also compared the fit of models of trait evolution for the entire skull and the various articulated bones that it comprises. Our analyses indicated strong support for a 2-module hypothesis, one that encompasses the oral and pharyngeal jaws and another module comprised of the neurocranium, hyoid apparatus, and operculum. This functional hypothesis yielded one of the highest significant rate differentials across modules, yet we also found that the best-fitting models of trait evolution differed among skull bones. These results suggest that modularity can influence morphological diversification in complex biological structures via differences in both the tempo and mode of evolutionary change. [3D geometric morphometrics, cranial morphology, evolutionary modularity, Labridae, phenotypic rates, structural complexity.]
Blended Learning in Health Care Education: An Overview and Overarching Meta-analysis of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Lockey Andrew , Bland Andrew , Stephenson John , Bray Janet , Astin Felicity 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Blended learning is an educational approach that integrates face-to-face with online instruction. This overview of existing systematic reviews aims to evaluate the impact of blended learning on educational outcomes in health care professional education, identify gaps in the current evidence, and direction for future reviews.

Methods:
Five databases were searched (January 1, 2000 to January 14, 2021) for systematic reviews of blended versus nonblended learning approaches for health care education. “Flipped classroom”, unpublished studies, abstracts, and study protocols were excluded. The extracted data included details of included reviews, description of populations, and outcomes according to Kirkpatrick levels. A narrative review is presented, along with an overarching meta-analysis, which evaluates a synthesized estimate of the effect of blended learning based on standardized mean differences.

Results:
Eleven systematic reviews were included, comprising of 160 primary studies (including 117 randomized controlled trials) from 56 countries with over 18,000 participants. The overall level of evidence was very low quality. An overarching meta-analysis of 93 studies addressing knowledge acquisition favored blended over nonblended learning methods (standardized mean difference 0.768 [95% confidence interval 0.594–0.941]; P < .001). None of the reviews identified an adverse effect on other educational outcomes.

Discussion:
Blended learning may be superior to traditional teaching approaches in improving knowledge acquisition. We recommend further research to describe the relative benefits of blended learning in each individual context and identify which elements of instructional design are beneficial for each outcome. Finally, we recommend the use of clear and consistent terminology in reported studies.
Which fetal growth charts should be used? A retrospective observational study in China
Authors: Zhao Jianxin , Yuan Ying , Tao Jing , Chen Chunyi , Wu Xiaoxia , Liao Yimei , Wu Linlin , Zeng Qing , Chen Yin , Wang Ke , Li Xiaohong , Liu Zheng , Zhou Jiayuan , Zhou Yangwen , Li Shengli , Zhu Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
The fetal growth charts in widest use in China were published by Hadlock >35 years ago and were established on several hundred of American pregnant women. After that, >100 fetal growth charts were published around the world. We attempted to assess the impact of applying the long-standing Hadlock charts and other charts in a Chinese population and to compare their ability to predict newborn small for gestational age (SGA).

Methods:
For this retrospective observational study, we reviewed all pregnant women (n = 106,455) who booked prenatal care with ultrasound measurements for fetal biometry at the Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between 2012 and 2019. A fractional polynomial regression model was applied to generate Shenzhen fetal growth chart ranges for head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). The differences between Shenzhen charts and published charts were quantified by calculating the Z-score. The impact of applying these published charts was quantified by calculating the proportions of fetuses with biometric measurements below the 3rd centile of these charts. The sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of published charts to predict neonatal SGA (birthweight <10th centile) were assessed.

Results:
Following selection, 169,980 scans of fetal biometry contributed by 41,032 pregnancies with reliable gestational age were analyzed. When using Hadlock references (<3rd centile), the proportions of small heads and short femurs were as high as 8.9% and 6.6% in late gestation, respectively. The INTERGROWTH-21st standards matched those of our observed curves better than other charts, in particular for fat-free biometry (HC and FL). When using AC<10th centile, all of these references were poor at predicting neonatal SGA.

Conclusions:
Applying long-standing Hadlock references could misclassify a large proportion of fetuses as SGA. INTERGROWTH-21st standard appears to be a safe option in China. For fat-based biometry, AC, a reference based on the Chinese population is needed. In addition, when applying published charts, particular care should be taken due to the discrepancy of measurement methods.