bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Contoured Insoles with Different Materials on Plantar Pressure Offloading in Diabetic Elderly during Gait
Authors: Shi Qiu Qiong , Li Pui Ling , Yick Kit-Lun , Li Nga-Wun , Jiao Jiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To investigate the effect of contoured insoles constructed of different insole materials, including Nora Lunalastik EVA, Nora Lunalight A fresh, Pe-Lite, and PORON® Medical 4708 with Langer Biomechanics longitudinal PPT® arch pads on offloading plantar pressure on the foot of the elderly with Type 1 or 2 diabetes during gait. Twenty-two elderly with Type 1 or 2 diabetes participated in the study. Their plantar pressure was measured by using an insole measurement system, while the participants walked 10 m in their bare feet or used each experimental insole in random order. The plantar surface was divided into four specific regions including the toes, forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. The mean peak pressure (MPP) and pressure-time integral (PTI) of ten steps with or without wearing one of the four insoles were analyzed on the dominant foot and the four specific plantar regions. After completion of the activities, the participants scored each insole from 1 (the least comfortable) to 10 (the most comfortable). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) factor of the insoles had significant effects on the MPP (P < 0.001) and PTI (P = 0.004) in the dominant foot during gait. Pairwise comparison results showed that the MPP and PTI in the dominant foot were significantly lower (P < 0.001) with PORON® Medical 4708 than barefoot, Nora Lunalight A fresh, and Pe-Lite. Additionally, the insole materials had a significant effect for the forefoot (P < 0.001) and rearfoot (P < 0.001) in terms of the MPP and PTI compared with the barefoot condition during gait. Regardless of the plantar region, the MPP and PTI values were the lowest when PORON® Medical 4708 was used as the insole material among four insole materials. Meanwhile, a significantly lower MPP and PTI can be found in the forefoot and rearfoot with the use of the four experimental insoles when compared with barefoot. The soft insole materials (i.e., PORON® medical 4708 and Nora Lunalastik EVA) had a better performance than the rigid insole materials (i.e., Nora Lunalight A fresh, and Pe-Lite) on plantar pressure offloading for diabetic elderly.
Qualitative analysis of a prey-predator model with prey refuge and intraspecific competition among predators
Authors: Surendar Maruthai Selvaraj , Sambath Muniagounder , Balachandran Krishnan , Ma Yong-Ki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we consider a prey-predator model with prey refuge and intraspecific competition between predators using the Crowley-Martin functional response and investigate the dynamic characteristics of spatial and non-spatial prey-predator systems with each analytical and numerical approach. The local stability of non-trivial interior equilibrium, the existence of a Hopf bifurcation, and stability of bifurcating periodic solutions have been obtained in the absence of diffusion. For the spatial system, the Turing and non-Turing patterns are evaluated for some set parametric beliefs, and for prey and predator inhabitants some exciting results are obtained. Numerical simulation demonstrates that both prey and predator populations will not converge to the stationary state at any foreseeable future time when the parametric values are ingested in the Turing domain.
Effect of Melatonin on Alpha Synuclein and Autophagy in Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ibrahim Hadeer A. M. , Hussein Abdelaziz M. , Gabr Mahmoud , El-Saeed Rasha A. , Ammar Omar A. , Mosa Ahmed A.H. , -Aziz Abdel-Aziz F. Abdel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The current work investigated the effect of melatonin on differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into dopamine producing cells and also its effect on autophagy process and alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) secretion. AD-MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and divided into 4 groups (n = 6); i) control group (AD-MSCs without any treatment), ii) M + MSCs group (MSCs treated with 1 µM melatonin for 12 days), iii) DN group (MSCs cultured in neurobasal A medium and essential neuronal growth factors for 12 days) and iv) DN + M group (MSCs cultured in neurobasal A medium and 1µM melatonin for 12 days. By the end of experiments, the dopamine and α-Syn levels using ELISA, the expression of MAP-2, m-TOR and α-Syn genes at the level of mRNA and detection of autophagosomes formation using transmission electron microscope were performed. We found that the isolated cells were MSCs due to their positivity expression for CD105 and CD90 and negativity expression for CD34 and CD45. The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher and α-Syn concentration was significantly lower in DN + M group when compared to other groups (p < 0.005). Also, this group showed the highly expression for MAP-2 gene and less expression for m-TOR and α-Syn genes(p < 0.005). Moreover, there was significantly increase in autophagosomes formation in this group than other group (p < 0.005). It is concluded that the melatonin promotes dopaminergic neural differentiation via induction of autophagy process and reduction of α-Syn secretion which may be become one of the possible ways to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Hacia Helsinki / Helsinki Bound
Authors: Lagunaries  
Published: June 2022

This provocation responds to Lagunaries' participation as a keygroup in Philosophy Performance Problems 2022. Using our constantly evolving methodology to work with texts and stories, we set out to think together through a coral writing exercise, the different meanings to the words key and group. In Spanish key is both a llave and a clave, which in turns unlock different meanings. We also use the word grupa to propose breaking away from established non-feminist ways of being together.
Nanoinformatics and Personalized Medicine: An Advanced Cumulative
Approach for Cancer Management
Authors: Khan Fariya , Akhtar Salman , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Even though the battle against cancer has advanced remarkably in last few decades and the survival rate has improved very significantly, an ultimate cure for cancer treatment stills remains an undeterred problem. In such scenario, nanoinformatics, which is bioinformatics coupled with nanotechnology, endows with many novel research opportunities in the preclinical and clinical development of specially personalized nanosized drugs and carriers bestowing newer dimensions in anticancer research and therapy. Personalized nanomedicines tends to serve as a promising treatment option for cancer owing to their noninvasiveness and their novel approach. Explicitly, the field of personalized medicine is expected to have an enormous impact in clinical research owing to its diverse advantages and its versatility to adapt a drug to a cohort of patients.

Objective:
The current review attempts to explain the implications of nanoinformatics as a new emerging field in the field of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. This review also recapitulates how nanoinformatics could accelerate the developments of personalized nanomedicine in anticancer research, which is undoubtedly the need of the hour.

Conclusion:
The approach and concept of personalized nanomedicine has been facilitated by humongous impending field of Nanoinformatics. The breakthrough progressions made through nanoinformatics have prominently changed the insight of the future personalized medicinal drug in cancer research. Nanoparticle based medicine has been developing and has created a center of attention in recent years, with a prime focus on proficient delivery mechanisms for various chemotherapy drugs. Nanoinformatics has allowed merging of all recent advances from creating nanosized particles that contain drugs targeting cell surface receptors to other potent molecules designed to kill cancerous cells and its subsequent application to personalize medicine.
Construction of a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Related to Exosomes
in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Wang Tong , Xu Zi-hui , Cheng Mao-yuan , Shan Meng-ya , Tang Cui-yao , Pan Nai-jia , Tang Xian-lun 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network plays an important
role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. This study aimed to construct a
ceRNA network related to exosomes in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:
We explored the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then analyzed the
RNAs of samples to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs) and
mRNAs (DEGs) alongside the progress of DR. Next, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis
of DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
analysis of up-DEGs were performed. In addition, a ceRNA network related to exosomes in DR
was constructed on the base of DELs, DEMs and DEGs. Finally, the function of the ceRNA network
was explored by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.

Results:
Through our analysis, 267 DELs (93 up and 174 down), 114 DEMs (64 up and 50 down)
and 2368 DEGs (1252 up and 1116 down) were screened. The GSEA analysis results show that
these genes were mainly related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hippo signaling pathway
and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The GO and KEGG results show that these up-DEGs were
mainly enriched in viral gene expression, components of ribosomes, mineral absorption, Wntprotein
binding, and TGF-β signaling pathway. Besides, a ceRNA network, including 15 lncRNAs
(e.g., C1orf145, FGF14-IT1, and PRNT), 3 miRNAs (miR-10a-5p, miR-1297 and miR-507) and 11
mRNAs (NCOR2, CHAC1 and LIX1L, etc.) was constructed. Those 5 lncRNAs were up-regulated, 1
miRNA was down-regulated and 5 mRNAs were up-regulated in DR, while 10 lncRNAs were downregulated,
2 miRNAs were up-regulated and 6 mRNAs were down-regulated in DR.

Conclusion:
The novel ceRNA network that we constructed will provide new insights into the underlying
molecular mechanisms of exosomes in DR.
Protective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract in Preventing DSS
Induced Ulcerative Colitis Based on Pharmacodynamic, Pharmacokinetic and Tissue
Distribution
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Quan Shuai , Li Jingyang , Liu Ying , Sun Huageng , Zhang Jingze , Liu Dailin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Based on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies, we explored
the potential effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) -induced ulcerative
colitis in mice and its underlying mechanism.

Methods:
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed to measure the content of five components
of GSPE in rat plasma and tissue. After oral administration of GSPE, correlative index levels of interleukin-
1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), factor-α (TNF-α), Nitric Oxide (NO), malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) were detected in the serum and colon tissues. The protein expression levels of HO-1, Nrf2 and NF-κB
in the mouse colonic mucosa were analysed using immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Pharmacodynamic tests showed substantially reduced mice body weight, diarrhea, and bloody stool in the
model group. The pathological damage to the colonic mucosa of mice in the GSPE groups was remarkably reduced
in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological score of the colon in the model group was significantly higher
than that of the control group (P <0.05), suggesting that DSS caused severe damage to the colon. After oral administration
of GSPE, the serum and colonic tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and MDA decreased, whereas
SOD content increased. Moreover, the protein levels of NF-κB and Keap-1 were significantly decreased, whereas the
expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased (P＜0.01) based on the results of the microwaveimmunohistochemical
assay. The pharmacokinetic results showed that catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidins B1,
B2, and B4 are widely distributed in the tissues and blood of rats and may accumulate in some tissues. Catechin and
epicatechin peaked at 0.25 and 1.5 h for the first and second time, respectively. Procyanidin B1, B2, and B4 peaked
at 0.5 and 1.5 h for the first and second time, respectively, owing to the effect of the hepato-enteric circulation. The
active components of GSPE can reach the colon of the lesion site, and hepatoenteric circulation can increase the
residence time of the active components in the body, further increasing the anti-ulcer activity.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that GSPE has a potential protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis
in mice.
Establishment of New Genetic Markers and Methods for Sex Determination of Mouse and Human Cells using Polymerase Chain Reactions and Crude DNA Samples
Authors: Ma Hong , Liao Dezhong J. , Zhang Keyin , Yang Jianglin , Qin Zhenwei , Lu Tianzu , Lou Didong , Ran Qianchuan , Huang Hai , Cheng Shuqiang , Zellmer Lucas 
Published: June 2022

Background:The currently available methods for sexing human or mouse cells have weaknesses. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new methods.Methods:We used bioinformatics approach to identify genes that have alleles on both the X and Y chromosomes of mouse and human genomes and have a region showing a significant difference between the X and Y alleles. We then used polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by visualization of the PCR amplicons in agarose gels to establish these genomic regions as genetic sex markers.Results:Our bioinformatics analyses identified eight mouse sex markers and 56 human sex markers that are new, i.e. are previously unreported. Six of the eight mouse markers and 14 of the 56 human markers were verified using PCR and ensuing visualization of the PCR amplicons in agarose gels. Most of the tested and untested sex markers possess significant differences in the molecular weight between the X- and Y-derived PCR amplicons and are thus much better than most, if not all, previously-reported genetic sex markers. We also established several simple and essentially cost-free methods for extraction of crude genomic DNA from cultured cells, blood samples, and tissues that could be used as template for PCR amplification.Conclusion:We have established new sex genetic markers and methods for extracting genomic DNA and for sexing human and mouse cells. Our work may also lend some methodological strategies to the identification of new genetic sex markers for other organismal species.
Peptide Triazole Inhibitors of HIV-1: Hijackers of Env Metastability
Authors: P. Carter Erik , G. Ang Charles , M. Chaiken Irwin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
With 1.5 million new infections and 690,000 AIDS-related deaths globally each year, HIV-
1 remains a pathogen of significant public health concern. Although a wide array of effective antiretroviral
drugs have been discovered, these largely target intracellular stages of the viral infectious
cycle, and inhibitors that act at or before the point of viral entry still require further advancement. A
unique class of HIV-1 entry inhibitors, called peptide triazoles (PTs), has been developed, which irreversibly
inactivates Env trimers by exploiting the protein structure’s innate metastable nature. PTs,
and a related group of inhibitors called peptide triazole thiols (PTTs), are peptide compounds that dually
engage the CD4 receptor and coreceptor binding sites of Env’s gp120 subunit. This triggers dramatic
conformational rearrangements of Env, including the shedding of gp120 (PTs and PTTs) and
lytic transformation of the gp41 subunit to a post-fusion-like arrangement (PTTs). Due to the nature
of their dual receptor site engagement, PT/PTT-induced conformational changes may elucidate mechanisms
behind the native fusion program of Env trimers following receptor and coreceptor engagement,
including the role of thiols in fusion. In addition to inactivating Env, PTT-induced structural
transformation enhances the exposure of important and conserved neutralizable regions of gp41, such
as the membrane proximal external region (MPER). PTT-transformed Env could present an intriguing
potential vaccine immunogen prototype. In this review, we discuss the origins of the PT class of peptide
inhibitors, our current understanding of PT/PTT-induced structural perturbations and viral inhibition,
and prospects for using these antagonists for investigating Env structural mechanisms and for
vaccine development.
Calprotectin: The Link Between Acute Lung Injury and Gastrointestinal Injury in Covid-19: Ban or Boon
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Niemi Marwa S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the direct cytopathic effect and associated hyper-inflammation due to exaggerated immune response. Different experimental and clinical studies revealed that many biomarkers could be used to determine the Covid-19 severity, such as Ddimer, procalcitonin, C-reaction protein (CRP), IL-6, and ferritin. Calprotectin (CP) is associated with intestinal inflammation, intestinal injury, and different respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Thus, CP might be a possible biomarker linking intestinal injury and acute lung injury (ALI) in Covid-19. Therefore, this study aimed to find a potential role of CP regarding GITI and ALI in Covid-19. CP is a complex protein consisting of S100A8 and S100A9, belonging to the Ca+2-binding proteins S100 family abundant in the cytosol of neutrophils and expressed on the monocyte membranes, macrophages, and intestinal epithelial cells. CP is a proinflammatory protein that acts through activation of the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). CP is a biomarker of neutrophil activation and is released following the turnover of neutrophils. CP could be controversial; it increases airway inflammation or protects lung and airway epithelium from an exaggerated immune response. Therefore, a high level of CP in different respiratory disorders might be protective and compensate against abnormal immune responses. CP level is high in Covid-19 and correlated with Covid-19 severity and oxygen demand due to activation of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, CP level is elevated in both ALI and intestinal inflammation so that it could be a potential biomarker that links the respiratory and intestinal injury in Covid-19.
CTLA-4: As an Immunosuppressive Immune Checkpoint in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghahremani Dehbokri Shaho , Alizadeh Nazila , Isazadeh Alireza , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Abbaspour-Ravasjani Soheil , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Breast cancer (BC) is one of the prevalent diseases and causes of death in women, and its incidence rate is increasing in numerous developed and developing countries. The common approach to BC therapy is surgery, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, which doesn't lead to acceptable outcomes in many patients. Therefore, developing innovative strategies for treating BC is essential for the most effective therapy. The immunotherapy of BC is a promising and attractive strategy that can increase the immune system's capacity to recognize and kill the tumor cells, inhibit the recurrence of the tumors, and develop new metastatic sites. The blockade of immune checkpoints is the most attractive and promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a cellsurface glycoprotein expressed by stimulated T cells and has pivotal roles in cell cycle modulation, cytokine generation, and regulation of T cell proliferation. Currently, anti- CTLA-4 agents such as monoclonal antibodies (Ipilimumab and tremelimumab) are broadly applied as therapeutic agents in clinical studies of different cancers. The anti- CTLA-4 antibodies, alone or combined with other therapeutic agents, remarkably increased the tumor-suppressive effects of the immune system and improved the prognosis of cancer. The immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent promising options for BC treatment as in monotherapy or in combination with other conventional treatments. In this review, we discuss the role of CTLA-4 and its therapeutic potential by inhibitors of immune checkpoints in BC therapeutics.
Chemical and Physical Approaches for Improved Biopharmaceutical
Activity of Amphotericin B: Current and Future Prospective
Authors: Mahor Ajay , Sawant Devesh M. , Goyal Amit Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Over the last 50 years, the number of patients with mycotic infections has gradually in-creased. Amphotericin-B is a gold-standard drug used in serious systemic fungal infections. How-ever, limited solubility and permeability are challenging issues associated with Amphotericin-B. Chemical modification is one of the ways to get its broader applicability and improved physico-chemical properties. The review article provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical modifi-cation approach for investigating the mechanism of action, biological activity, bioavailability, and toxicity of Amphotericin B. Further, several drug delivery approaches have also been utilized to provide better therapeutic outcomes. This gives an overview of chemical approaches for exploring various factors associated with Amphotericin B and information on its drug delivery approaches for improved biopharmaceutical outcomes.
Intermittent Fasting as Possible Treatment for Heart Failure
Authors: Garza-González Salvador , Nieblas Bianca , Solbes-Gochicoa María M. , Altamirano Julio , García Noemí 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Western-style diet often leads to food overconsumption, which triggers the development of
comorbidities, such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2
diabetes, and heart failure (HF). Several studies suggest that intermittent fasting (IF) protects against the
development of those morbidities. This study presents evidence of the beneficial effects of IF on HF.
Based on the current evidence, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms by which IF works and
where liver ketone bodies (KBs) play important roles. There is evidence that IF promotes a metabolic
switch in highly metabolic organs, such as the heart, which increases the use of KBs during fasting.
However, besides their role as energy substrates, KBs participate in the signaling pathways that control
the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress protection and metabolism. Several molecular factors,
such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferatoractivated
receptor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), sirtuins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related
factor 2 (Nrf2) are involved. Furthermore, IF appears to maintain circadian rhythm, which is essential
for highly metabolically active organs. Finally, we highlight the important research topics that need to
be pursued to improve current knowledge and strengthen the potential of IF as a preventive and therapeutic
approach to HF.