bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of professionals' associations under extraordinary situations: Contingency, capacity, and collaboration
Authors: Başar K. 
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 pandemic, with its profound effects on almost every sphere of individual and social life, is a significant challenge and threat to mental well-being. Although mass disasters with similar traumatic effects are not exceptional incidents globally, the rate of the spread of infection, the scale of the effects of the disease and precautions, and uncertainty concerning the nature, prevention from, and treatment of the disease render the psychosocial effects unique. As it is the case for the individual’s response to the stressful events, the psychiatric communities initially addressed this challenge by adapting their usual responses to mass trauma, through their capacity acquired from earlier experiences and training. Although the response to the pandemic is expected to be orchestrated by the public authorities, in many countries, either the administration was not sufficiently cognizant of the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic, or the health-care system was unable to function properly due to the excessive burden. Therefore, the associations of mental health professionals, with varying degrees of preparedness to cope with such a challenge, had to recruit their full resources. As many associations worldwide did, the Psychiatric Association of Turkey prepared written and audiovisual resources for psychiatrists, health professionals, and the general population related to the mental health effects of the pandemic and precautions, often including strategies to cope with stress-related difficulties. Many associations, also provided distant-access psychological support to health-care workers on the frontlines and the general population. These were achieved through a fast-organized collaboration among its members and between associations worldwide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relationship between sleep disorders and psychotic-like symptoms in the general population
Authors: Fusar-Poli L. , Surace T. , Aguglia A. , Aguglia E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAbnormalities of sleep patterns are common in people with psychiatric disorders and often represent a source of distress, worsening the outcome. However, little is knwon about the relationship between psychotic-like symptoms and sleep disorders in the general population.Objectives1. Whether there is a relationship between sleep disorders and psychotic-like experiences in a sample of individuals belonging to the general population. 2. Which sleep disorders are more commonly associated with psychotic-like experiences.MethodsA web survey was spread thorugh social networks. We administered the SLEEP-50 to investigate the presence of sleep disorders and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) for psychotic-like symptoms. Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics of participants were collected.ResultsThe web-survey was completed by 824 participants. Six people refused to give consent and 95 were excluded because they declared to suffer from psychiatric disorder sor other medical conditions potentially infleuncing on sleep. Therefore, 729 subjects were included in the analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients showed strong correlations between the scale regarding SLEEP-50 “All sleep disorders” scale and CAPE Total and Depressive scales (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). A moderate correlation was found between “All sleep disorders” and CAPE Negative (r = 0.49) and Positive (r = 0.32) scales. Correlations with specific SLEEP-50 subscales were also found.ConclusionsThere seems to be a strong relationship between psychotic-like symptoms and sleep problems in the general population. Our findings might indicate that some sleep abnormalities may represent earlier symptoms of a psychiatric condition and need to be always monitored even in the non-psychiatric population.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Are demoralization and insight involved in suicide risk? An observational study on psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Berardelli I. , Innamorati M. , Sarubbi S. , Rogante E. , Erbuto D. , Costanza A. , Casale A. Del , Pasquini M. , Lester D. , Pompili M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAlthough several authors have investigated the relationship between demoralization, insight, and suicide risk, the role of these factors in determining suicide risk in patients with psychiatric disorders is still unclear [Berardelli et al., 2019; Costanza et al., 2020].ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was therefore to determine whether suicide risk was associated with better insight and worse demoralization in a sample of 100 adult psychiatric inpatients.MethodsThe study was performed on 100 psychiatric hospitalized adult patients consecutively enrolled between January 2019 and April 2020 at psychiatric units of Sant’Andrea Medical Center, Sapienza University of Rome. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was used to assess suicide risk, Demoralization was assessed using the Demoralization Scale (DS) [Kissane et al., 2004] and for the assessment of insight we used the The Insight Scale (IS).ResultsOnly age was significantly associated with higher suicide risk (χ2=9.07, p<0.01). The variable mood disorder was significantly associated with higher suicide risk (χ22=7.50, p<0.05). Non-suicidal self-harm behaviors in the last 3 months (χ2=5.89, p<0.05) and lifetime suicide attempts (χ2=21.80, p<0.001) were significantly associated with higher suicide risk. Only the insight-high dimension (χ2=8.01, p<0.01) and lifetime suicide attempts (χ2=12.33, p<0.001) were significantly associated with higher suicide risk.ConclusionsOur results don’t confirm the role of demoralization in suicide risk. In our sample of patients, only high insigth of illness and other psychological variables are involved in suicide risk.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sociodemographic, personality and symptomatologic profiles associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal risk in patients hospitalized for recurrent depressive disorders
Authors: Kalinovic R. , Vlad G. , Neda-Stepan O. , Dinescu M. , Giurgi-Oncu C. , Enatescu I. , Enatescu V.R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAccording to WHO statistics, 800,000 suicides occur annually, representing the second leading cause of death in people aged 15 to 29. The contributing factors for suicidal risk are multifactorial and multileveled.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the predictive value of distinct sociodemographic, personality and symptomatology characteristics in predicting the presence of suicidal risk in patients hospitalized for the analyzed mood disorder.MethodsA longitudinal retrospective case-control study was performed on medical data records of 90 patients admitted in the Timisoara Psychiatric Clinic during 2018 – 2020. Besides the parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses, logistic binary regression analyses were done.ResultsPatients with suicide risk tended to be younger (p = 0.039), without intimate partnership (p < 0.001), current smoker (p = 0.038) and to present psychotic symptoms at some moments during the psychiatric disorder. 51 (56.7%) of the total patients have presented different degrees of suicidal risk (from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt). Patients with suicide risk tended to be younger (p = 0.039), without intimate partnership (p < 0.001), current smoker (p = 0.038) and to present psychotic symptoms at some moments during the psychiatric disorder. Personality traits has not influenced suicidal risk. Presence of intimate partner (OR = 0.135; p < 0.001) and the presence of psychotic symptoms during recurrent depression (OR = 7.309; p = 0.004) have presented predictive value on suicide risk.ConclusionsPsychiatrist practitioners should be aware of the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics that put recurrent depressive patients at risk of suicidal behaviors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Personality traits and disorders among adult adhd patients: Do they vary between males and females?
Authors: Bracco I.F. , Boero M. , Mangiapane C. , Oliva F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown an increased risk of developing a DSM Cluster B (i.e., Borderline, OR=13.16; Antisocial, OR=3.03; Narcissistic, OR=8.69) and DSM Avoidant Personality Disorder (PD; OR=9.77; Miller et al., 2008). Although different comorbidities affect males and females with ADHD (Kooij et al., 2013), gender differences in personality traits and disorders have not yet been investigated.ObjectivesTo describe gender differences in personality traits and disorders among a sample of adult outpatients with ADHD.MethodsA consecutive sample of DSM-5 ADHD outpatients was recruited at the Adult ADHD Center of the “San Luigi” University Hospital (Orbassano (TO), Italy) between Jan 2017 and Jan 2018. Patients’ personality was assessed by Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III; Zennaro et al, 2008).ResultsThe study sample consisted of 82 males and 31 females. Sixty percent of men vs. 77% of women had a personality disorder (ConclusionsWomen with ADHD showed a higher frequency of personality disorders and higher rate of Masochistic PD than men. Moreover, the two most important clusters detected in women included severe personality components (i.e., Borderline and Paranoid) when compared with men. Further studies on larger samples should be conducted to confirm more severe personality profiles in women than in men.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Is resilience a protective factor against the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health? Results from a national multicentric study
Authors: Fiorillo A. 
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on the mental health of the general population and its consequences will be long lasting. As already noted in previous epidemics, different factors can moderate the detrimental impact of a traumatogenic event on mental health. In particular, it has been found that people using problem-solving coping strategies, with an adequate social network and supported by family members, have good long-term outcomes and are able to adjust to the detrimental impact of the traumatic event. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network, including ten university Italian sites and the National Institute of Health, has promoted a national online survey in order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the Italian general population. In particular, the use of Internet and social media, the duration of the exposure to COVID-19 related containment measures, the different levels of post-traumatic growth and the variety of coping strategies adopted have been considered as possible mediators of the resilience styles adopted. In our sample, participants from the general population reported a good level of resilience compared with people with pre-existing mental or physical disorders. This data should be taken seriously in consideration in order to develop appropriate psychosocial interventions for supporting resilience in people at high-risk in order to mitigate the detrimental impact of the pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The role of dysfunctional attitudes towards motherhood in postpartum depressive symptoms and disorder
Authors: Pereira D. , Cabaços C. , Azevedo J. , Xavier S. , Soares M.J. , Madeira N. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD) is the commonest postpartum psychiatric condition, with prevalence rates around 20%1. PPD is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both the mother and infant2. Therefore, identifying modifiable risk factors for perinatal depression is an important public health issue3.ObjectivesTo explore the role of dysfunctional attitudes towards motherhood in postpartum depressive symptoms and disorder.Methods247 women were evaluated in the third (12.08±4.25 weeks) and sixth months (31.52± 7.16 weeks) postpartum with the Attitudes Towards Motherhood Scale4, the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale5 and the Diagnostic Interview for Psychological Distress-Postpartum6. Correlation analysis was performed followed by linear/logistic regression analysis when the coefficients proved significant (p<.05), using SPSS.ResultsDysfunctional beliefs towards motherhood concerning judgement by others and maternal responsibility positively correlated with depressive symptoms at the third (.528; .406) and the sixth months (.506; .492) postpartum. Those dysfunctional beliefs were predictors of depressive symptoms at the third (ß=.440; ß=.151) and sixth months (ß=.322; ß.241) explaining 29.4% and 30.2% of its variance, respectively. Having dysfunctional beliefs at the third month significantly increase the likelihood of being diagnosed with Major Depression (DSM5) both in the third (Wald=9.992, OR=1.169; Wald=16.729, OR=1.231) and sixth months (Wald=5.638, OR=1.203; Wald=7.638, OR=1.301) (all p<.01).ConclusionsCognitive distortions should be included in the assessment of risk factors for PPD. Early identification of women presenting motherhood-specific cognitive biases may be crucial for implementing preventive interventions favoring a more positive and healthier motherhood experience.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychosocial risk factors for dysfunctional beliefs towards motherhood
Authors: Cabaços C. , Pereira D. , Azevedo J. , Soares M.J. , Araujo A. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMotherhood-related beliefs are characterized by themes of failure and maternal role idealization. Recent studies found that postpartum depression/PPD is both predicted and a predictor by/for dysfunctional beliefs/DB. Additionally, it is possible that when contextual factors (eg. lack of social support) are present, women may anticipate the parenting experience as being of isolation, which in turn can lead to more dysfunctional attitudes.ObjectivesTo explore psychosocial risk factors for motherhood-DB.Methods233 women were evaluated in the second trimester (17.05±4.82 weeks) of pregnancy and in the third month (12.08±4.25 weeks) postpartum sociodemographically and psychosocially (years of education, previous children and social support) and the Portuguese validated self-report questionnaires to assess: perinatal depression; perinatal anxiety; perfectionism; negative affect; self-compassion; and repetitive negative thinking (all in T0). The Attitudes Towards Motherhood Scale was administered in the postpartum. When Pearson/Spearmen correlation coefficients proved significant (p<.05), linear/logistic (hierarchic) regression analysis were performed.ResultsMotherhood-DB correlated significantly with all the variables, except for years of education, Other-oriented-Perfectionism and Common-Humanity. Motherhood-DB were significantly higher in women without previous children (p<.05). The final regression model was statistically significant (p<.001) explaining 15% of the Motherhood-DB variance, with Socially-Prescribed-Perfectionism and social support being the only statistically significant predictors. Hierarchic regression showed that even after controlling for social support, SSP significantly incremented the variance in 9%.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for preventive approaches to help women understand the origins of their dysfunctional beliefs (perfectionism, the myths of perfect motherhood) and for the promotion of positive cognitions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Associations between social anxiety and avoidance, attachment styles and parental marital status, in late adolescence
Authors: Maia B. Rodrigues , Coelho C. , Marques M. , Carvalho F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe relation between insecure general attachment and social anxiety has long been established.ObjectivesTo explore the associations between social interaction and performance anxiety and avoidance, attachment styles, and parental marital status.Methods146 Portuguese adolescents, with a mean age of 18.99 years old (SD = .848; range: 18-20), filled in the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire.ResultsDistress/Anxiety was correlated with avoidance attachment to mother and father (rs = .17*, p = .04; rs = .18*, p = .03), to anxious attachment to romantic partner (rs = .21*, p = .01), and to anxious and avoidance attachment to best friend (rs = .25**, p = .00; (rs = .17*, p = .035). Avoidance was significantly correlated with avoidance to father and to romantic partner (rs = .18*, p = .03), and to anxious and avoidance attachment to best friend (rs = .21**, p = .009; rs = .18*, p = .03). A significant difference was found in avoidance attachment to father X2 = 10.246 (4, n = 146), p = .036, by parental marital status, with the adolescents with single/divorced parents presenting a higher mean score (Md = 111.10; Md = 82.93) than the other groups.ConclusionsDistress/anxiety seems to be associated with more close relationships, and a single/divorced status with Avoidance. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore if insecure attachment to parents predicts insecure extra-familiar attachment, and to explore the long-term effects of parental marital status.
Anxious driving behavior among taxi drivers
Authors: Bejar M. , Regaieg N. , Gdoura D. , Aloulou J. , Amami O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe data suggest that anxious drivers may engage in problem behaviors that expose them and others to an increased risk of negative traffic events.ObjectivesTo study the problematic behavior taxi drivers related to anxiety in three areas exaggerated safety/caution, performance deficits, and hostile/aggressive behaviors and to determine the factors who are associated with them.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study of 58 taxi drivers in the city of Sfax, Tunisia. We used an anonymous questionnaire that included a socio-demographic fact sheet, and a driver behavior rating scale: Driver Behavior Survey (DBS) with 21 items.ResultsThe mean age of the drivers was 40.8 ± 10.2 years. The sex ratio was 0.98. 75.9% were married. 6.9% lived alone. 53.4% were smokers and 25.9% drank alcohol. Coffee and tea consumption were 59% and 33% respectively. 67% had a pathological personal history, including osteoarticular pathologies. 17.2% had a history of serious accidents. The behavior related to anxiety among taxi drivers was 74.66 ± 13.35. The hostile behavior was 18.88 ± 8, the exaggerated safety behavior was 38.31 ± 7.3 and the deficit performance related to anxiety was 17.47 ± 7.1. The problematic behavior in our population was significantly associated with lifestyle alone, coffee consumption and with serious accidents.ConclusionsThe results of our study identified some risk factors that could lead to poorly adaptive driving behaviors among Taxi drivers. These elements reinforce us in the idea that this population requires special care with a meeting with the doctor.
The effects of sleep and wakefulness on human fear conditioning
Authors: Pavlov Y. , Kotchoubey B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStudies on fear conditioning have made important contributions to the understanding of affective learning mechanisms as well as its applications (e.g., anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder). However, central mechanisms of sleep related consolidation of fear memory in humans have been almost neglected by previous studies.ObjectivesIn the current study we aimed to test effects of sleep and a period wakefulness on fear conditioned responses.MethodsIn our experiment in a group 18 healthy volunteers event-related brain potentials (ERP), heart rate variability (HRV) and behavioral responses were recorded during a fear conditioning procedure presented twice, before daytime sleep (2h) or control intervention (a period of wakefulness) and after. The conditioning procedure involved pairing of a neutral tone (CS+) with a highly unpleasant sound (UCS+).ResultsDifferential conditioning manifested itself in the contingent negative variance (CNV)-like slow ERP component. Both period of sleep and wakefulness resulted in an increased amplitude of the CNV to CS+. But we did not find an interaction effect of Time (Pre-Post) by Intervention (Sleep-Wake), suggesting that sleep did not affect the conditioned response differently as compared to a period of wakefulness. An apparent increase in HRV after a period of wakefulness did not affect fear conditioned responses (CNV and valence ratings).ConclusionsTo summarize, the data indicate that fear memories are consolidated with the course of time with no beneficial effect of sleep; relearning of fear causes stronger differential responses as measured by slow wave amplitude but not behavior; increase of HRV does not affect fear learning.
Is perfectionism associated to dental anxiety?
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabaços C. , Araujo A. , Soares M.J. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPersonality traits like neuroticism and trait-anxiety, as well as the predisposition to a greater sensitivity to pain, are risk factors for dental anxiety. Although perfectionism has been associated with both anxiety and pain, particularly when mediated by repetitive negative thinking/RNT (Macedo et al. 2015; Albuquerque et al. 2013), its role in dental anxiety has not yet been studied.ObjectivesTo analyze the role of perfectionism and RNT in dental anxiety.MethodsA community sample of 552 adults (68.2% women; mean age=35.15±15.79 years) completed the Portuguese versions of:Hewit and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale–13, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization/SPT Scale, Fear of Dental Pain/FDP Questionnaire, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and Dental Fear Survey/DFS.Results
Trait-anxiety (r=.225), socially prescribed perfectionism/SPP (r=.177), SPT (r=.286), FDP (r=.509) and RNT (r=.274) were significantly (p<.01) correlated with dental anxiety (DFS total score). Serial mediation analysis using the PROCESS-macro 3.5 for SPSS (Hayes, 2020; Model 6) showed that even controlling for trait-anxiety and gender (as SPT, FDP and RNT mean scores were significantly higher in women, p<.01) SPP plays a significant indirect effect through SDT, FDP and RNT on dental anxiety, which are (isolated or sequentially) full mediators of this relationship (Total effect: .553, p<.001).ConclusionsThis study shows for the first time that negative perfectionism is a predictor of dental anxiety; its influence operates through the increase in levels of sensitivity to pain, DPA and RNT. We suggest that when intervening in this health problem it is important to evaluate perfectionism and try to mitigate its negative impact, namely diminishing RNT and the focus on pain and fear.