bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical, regulatory, and practical barriers to COVID-19 research: A stakeholder-informed inventory of concerns
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Baldwin Kari , Parsons Meredith , DuBois James M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has caused death and economic injury around the globe. The urgent need for COVID-19 research created new ethical, regulatory, and practical challenges. The next public health emergency could be worse than COVID-19. We must learn about these challenges from the experiences of researchers and Research Ethics Committee professionals responsible for these COVID-19 studies to prepare for the next emergency.

Materials and methods
We conducted an online survey to identify the ethical, oversight, and regulatory challenges of conducting COVID-19 research during the early pandemic, and proposed solutions for overcoming these barriers. Using criterion-based, convenience sampling, we invited researchers who proposed or conducted COVID-19 research to complete an anonymous, online survey about their experiences. We administered a separate but related survey to Institutional Review Board (IRB) professionals who reviewed COVID-19 research studies. The surveys included open-ended and demographic items. We performed inductive content analysis on responses to open-ended survey questions.

Results
IRB professionals (n = 143) and researchers (n = 211) described 19 types of barriers to COVID-19 research, related to 5 overarching categories: policy and regulatory, biases and misperceptions, institutional and inter-institutional conflicts, risks of harm, and pressure of the pandemic. Researchers and IRB professionals described 8 categories of adaptations and solutions to these challenges: enacting technological solutions; developing protocol-based solutions; disposition and team management; establishing and communicating appropriate standards; national guidance and leadership; maintaining high standards; prioritizing studies before IRB review; and identifying and incorporating experts.

Discussion and conclusions
This inventory of challenges represents ongoing barriers to studying the current pandemic, and they represent a risk to research during future public health emergencies. Delays in studies of a pandemic during a pandemic threatens the health and safety of the public. We urge the development of a national working group to address these issues before the next public health emergency arises.
Human Muse cells reduce myocardial infarct size and improve cardiac function without causing arrythmias in a swine model of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Yamada Yoshihisa , Minatoguchi Shingo , Baba Shinya , Shibata Sanae , Takashima Satoshi , Wakao Shohei , Okura Hiroyuki , Dezawa Mari , Minatoguchi Shinya 
Published: March 2022

Background
We recently reported that multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells intravenously administered after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), selectively engrafted to the infarct area, spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocytes and vessels, reduced the infarct size, improved the left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in rabbits. We aimed to clarify the efficiency of Muse cells in a larger animal AMI model of mini-pigs using a semi-clinical grade human Muse cell product.

Method and result
Mini-pigs underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 weeks of reperfusion. Semi-clinical grade human Muse cell product (1x107, Muse group, n = 5) or saline (Vehicle group, n = 7) were intravenously administered at 24 h after reperfusion. The infarct size, LV function and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography. Arrhythmias were evaluated by an implantable loop recorder. The infarct size was significantly smaller in the Muse group (10.5±3.3%) than in the Vehicle group (21.0±2.0%). Both the LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly greater in the Muse group than in the Vehicle group. The LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were significantly smaller in the Muse group than in the Vehicle group. Human Muse cells homed into the infarct border area and expressed cardiac troponin I and vascular endothelial CD31. No arrhythmias and no blood test abnormality were observed.

Conclusion
Muse cell product might be promising for AMI therapy based on the efficiency and safety in a mini-pig AMI.
Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension, diabetes, stroke and heart attack multimorbidity in Botswana: Evidence from STEPS 2014 survey
Authors: Ntiyani Nchidzi , Letamo Gobopamang , Keetile Mpho 
Published: March 2022

Background
Botswana, like other Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries is currently undergoing demographic and epidemiological transitions which are shown by an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension, diabetes and stroke/heart attack multimorbidity in Botswana. The definition of multimorbidity used in this study is the presence of two or more NCDs in an individual.

Methods
This study used secondary data derived from the Botswana WHO STEPS 2014 survey. The survey employed a nationally representative multi-stage sampling design. The study sample consisted of 3527 respondents aged 20–69 years of age who had successfully completed the questionnaire and met the inclusion criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with multimorbidity. All comparisons were considered to be statistically significant at 5% level. Statistical tests were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results
Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and stroke/heart attack multimorbidity was estimated to be at 3.5% in the sampled population. The odds of reporting multimorbidity were highest among females (AOR = 9.73, 95% CI = 8.30–11.42) than males and among respondents aged 35–49 (AOR = 1.20, 95% C.I. = 1.10–1.31) and 50–69 years (AOR = 1.52, 95% C.I. = 1.23–1.67) than individuals aged 20–24 years. Moreover, the odds of multimorbidity were significantly higher among married (AOR = 15.92, 95% C.I. = 13.40–18.92) and living together (AOR = 6.68, 95% C.I. = 5.72–7.81) couples; and individuals who reported that they earn an average annual household income of BWP ≥20 000 (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.84–2.75) compared to their counterparts. Behavioural risk factors significantly associated with higher odds of multimorbidity were obesity (AOR = 6.79, 95% C.I. = 6.20–7.90), physical inactivity (AOR = 4.41, 95% C.I. = 3.65–5.31) and hazardous alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.23–1.81). On the other hand the odds of reporting multimorbidity were significantly low among individuals with sufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR = 0.47, 95% C.I. = 0.39–0.56) and non-tobacco users (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.49–0.68).

Conclusion
Multimorbidity was more common among females, the elderly people and was associated with obesity, poor fruit and vegetable intake, and tobacco use. Strategies to combat NCDs and multimorbidity should be aimed to target early stages of life since behavioural factors and lifestyles that increase the likelihood of disease are entrenched in earlier stages of life.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta associated with improved survival in hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Harfouche Melike N. , Madurska Marta J. , Elansary Noha , Abdou Hossam , Lang Eric , DuBose Joseph J. , Kundi Rishi , Feliciano David V. , Scalea Thomas M. , Morrison Jonathan J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is controversial as a hemorrhage control adjunct due to lack of data with a suitable control group. We aimed to determine outcomes of trauma patients in shock undergoing REBOA versus no-REBOA.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective, matched cohort study analyzed patients ≥16 years in hemorrhagic shock without cardiac arrest (2000–2019). REBOA (R; 2015–2019) patients were propensity matched 2:1 to historic (H; 2000–2012) and contemporary (C; 2013–2019) groups. In-hospital mortality and 30-day survival were analyzed using chi-squared and log rank testing, respectively.

Results
A total of 102,481 patients were included (R = 57, C = 88,545, H = 13,879). Propensity scores were assigned using age, race, mechanism, lowest systolic blood pressure, lowest Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and body region Abbreviated Injury Scale scores to generate matched groups (R = 57, C = 114, H = 114). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the REBOA group (19.3%) compared to the contemporary (35.1%; p = 0.024) and historic (44.7%; p = 0.001) groups. 30-day survival was significantly higher in the REBOA versus no-REBOA groups.

Conclusion
In a high-volume center where its use is part of a coordinated hemorrhage control strategy, REBOA is associated with improved survival in patients with noncompressible torso hemorrhage.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BMI: Its changes in relation to socio-demographic and physical activity patterns based on a short period
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Zeba Zebunnesa , Hosen Ismail , Al-Mamun Firoj , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a major threat to the world. The preventive strategies designed to minimize the virus transmission by remaining at home, being isolated, and keeping social distance, which would substantially reform people’s lifestyle, physical activity, eating habits, etc. Consequently, those measures might create a disturbance in weight management and overweight. Therefore, how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the physical activities of individuals and its impacts on the Body Mass Index (BMI) is explored herein.MethodsAn online-based cross-sectional study collected data from 338 Bangladeshi adults in November 2020. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, health-related variables, physical activity-related variables, and diet measurement. Inferential statistics (i.e., chi-square test, McNemar test) were used to measure the associations between BMI and studied variables with a consideration of two scenarios (‘before’ and ‘during’ the pandemic inception), wherep<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsResults showed that the prevalence of overweight was 30.5% ‘before’ the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased to 34.9% ‘during’ the pandemic; that means 4.4% of the participants significantly gained weight after the pandemic inception. There was no significant role of socio-demographic (e.g., gender, age, current residence, occupation) or physical activity-related factors (e.g., unavailability of outdoor space, not performing regular physical exercise, exercising with a partner) in changing the BMI status after the pandemic inception. However, following a proper diet plan during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed to decrease BMI status significantly.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that a minor portion of the participants reported increasing their overweight status after the pandemic inception, whereas having a proper diet plan during the pandemic can significantly decrease BMI status. Therefore, the importance of the appropriate diet plan should be considered while implementing any policies.
Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract ofCedrus deodarain Wistar rats
Authors: Sushmitha Dindukurthi Harinathbabu , Ramesh Channaiah , Sowmya Belladamadagu Appajappa , Sushma Bai Byrojai Rao , Rawal Pinkey , Shabana Shafi Ulla Khan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract ofCedrus deodaraagainst cisplatin induced.MethodsMyelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract ofC. deodarafor 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after 1 h before the administration of the drugs and hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, bleeding time and clotting time were determined were determined. At 21st, all rats were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected. The part of bone marrow samples was used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and remaining were subjected to histopathological examination.ResultsThe animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract ofC. deodarahave exhibited significant rise in hematological parameters and shorten bleeding time and clotting time when compare to toxic control animals on the day 14 and day 21. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of bone marrow cells in the extract treated animals. There was significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzymes was found in extract treated animals.ConclusionsThe methanol extract ofC. deodaraof have shown significant protective effects against cisplatin induced myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats.
Gaptronics: multilevel photonics applications spanning zero-nanometer limits
Authors: Jeong Jeeyoon , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Dai-Sik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With recent advances in nanofabrication technology, various metallic gap structures with gap widths reaching a few to sub-nanometer, and even ‘zero-nanometer’, have been realized. At such regime, metallic gaps not only exhibit strong electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement, but also incorporate various quantum phenomena in a macroscopic scale, finding applications in ultrasensitive detection using nanosystems, enhancement of light–matter interactions in low-dimensional materials, and ultralow-power manipulation of electromagnetic waves, etc. Therefore, moving beyond nanometer to ‘zero-nanometer’ can greatly diversify applications of metallic gaps and may open the field of dynamic ‘gaptronics.’ In this paper, an overview is given on wafer-scale metallic gap structures down to zero-nanometer gap width limit. Theoretical description of metallic gaps from sub-10 to zero-nanometer limit, various wafer-scale fabrication methods and their applications are presented. With such versatility and broadband applicability spanning visible to terahertz and even microwaves, the field of ‘gaptronics’ can be a central building block for photochemistry, quantum optical devices, and 5/6G communications.
Behavioral response of breeder toward development program of Ongole crossbred cattle in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
Authors: Widodo  , Kamardiani Diah Rina , Utami Beti Nur 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ongole crossbred were endemic cattle in Java Island due to their good adaptation to the environment. The Government of Yogyakarta Special Region sought to develop cattle farms through an Ongole crossbred cattle development program in the Gunungkidul Regency to preserve this Ongole crossbred population. The study aimed to describe the behavior of breeders who participated in the Ongole crossbred cattle development programs on the post of this program. A sample of 40 small-breeder participants of this program was interviewed. The observed behaviors were all activities conducted by the breeders in carrying out the Ongole crossbred cattle farming. This study showed that breeders well implemented toward some core program, i.e., facilities management, cultivating forage, integrated animal service, and conserving productive female cows since program completion. However, due to limitations of capital ownership, the breeders were not well producing alternative fodder. Based on this result, the government was recommended to introduce a simple small farming capacity machine to small farmers to process the agricultural waste as animal feed.
Use of line laser scanning thermography for the defect detection and evaluation of composite material
Authors: Li Yin , Song Yuan-jia , Yang Zheng-wei , Xie Xing-yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The line laser scanning thermography was applied for the defect detection and evaluation of composite material in this work, which was carried out by the following procedures. First, a novel contrast enhancement method by homomorphic technology was proposed and validated by a case study. Then, a specimen containing 12 prefabricated defects was detected using line laser scanning thermography and the obtained thermal image sequence and changeable temperature were analyzed. Finally, the defect area was obtained via such thermal image processing as contrast enhancement based on the proposed method, threshold segmentation and quantitative evaluation. The obtained results show that the composite material defects with a depth of less than 4 mm can be detected using line laser scanning thermography but that with a depth of less than 3 mm can be evaluated quantitatively with a small error less than 10%.
Produktlebenslauforientierte Erfolgsrechnung
Authors: Westkämper Engelbert , Osten-Sacken Detlev v. d. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An die Hersteller von Investitionsgütern werden immer höhere Anforderungen im Hinblick auf die technische Leistungsfähigkeit der Maschinen und Systeme sowie auf Betriebskosten und Prozeßsicherheit gestellt. Von ihnen wird erwartet, daß bei der Maschinenkonzeption über den Entstehungsprozeß hinaus die Prozesse der Gebrauchs- und Entsorgungsphase berücksichtigt und zunehmend fachlich sowie organisatorisch betreut werden.
Automatisierte Inbetriebnahme von Vorschubantrieben
Authors: Tönshoff Hans Kurt , Brahms Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der Aufwand für die Inbetriebnahme von komplexen Regelungen für Vorschubantriebe kann mit Hilfe einer automatischen Optimierung erheblich vereinfacht werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Lösung zur Selbsteinstellung von komplexen Regelungen vorgestellt
Der Arbeitsinhalt dieses Berichts ist Gegenstand der Forschergruppe „Struktur und Steuerung schneller Maschinen“ der Universität Hannover und wird durch die DFG gefördert
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Software-Engineering im Bereich der Produktionstechnik
Authors: Reinhart Gunther , Ansorge Dirk , Mauderer Michael , Sabbah Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Auf Basis der Ergebnisse einer Industrieumfrage
Diese Umfrage wurde im Rahmen des von der Bayerischen Forschungsstiftung geförderten Forschungsverbundes Software-Engineering (ForSoft) durchgeführt
wird in diesem Beitrag der Stand der Softwareentwicklung im Bereich der Produktionstechnik vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, daß aufgrund differenzierter Anforderungen an das Software-Engineering für die Entwicklung von Software bei der Auftragsplanung und -steuerung in der Produktion sowie für die Entwicklung von Software zur Anlagen- und Maschinensteuerung Verbesserungspotentiale zu finden sind.
Impulsmagnetische Umformung
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Forstmann Ute 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die zunehmende Bedeutung des Leichtbaus für technische Produkte führt zu neuen Fertigungskonzepten, wie beispielsweise die Verwendung von Aluminium als Leichtbauwerkstoff oder der Aufbau von Konstruktionen aus Profilen. Für diese Konzepte sind innovative Produktions- und Fertigungstechniken erforderlich. Ein solches Verfahren ist die impulsmagnetische Umformung oder Magnetumformung.
Von der Geometrieverarbeitung zum virtuellen Produkt
Authors: Krause Frank-Lothar , Jansen Helmut 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Professor Günter Spur hat die Entwicklung der CAD-Technologie in Deutschland über einen Zeitraum von beinahe 35 Jahren wesentlich beeinflußt. Dieser Beitrag erscheint aus Anlaß seines 70. Geburtstags. Er stellt die Entwicklung der grundlegenden und industrieorientierten CAD-Forschung am Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb der TU Berlin (IWF) sowie des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik (IPK) in diesem Zeitraum an Hand von Beispielen dar.
Unternehmens-übergreifende Informations-ressourcen
Authors: Abramovici Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die effiziente Erschließung und Nutzung neuester Informationen aus verschiedenen firmeninternen und -externen Quellen wird in den nächsten Jahren für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen enorm an Bedeutung gewinnen. In diesem Beitrag wird über neue Forschungsansätze berichtet. Langfristiges Ziel sollte die Entwicklung von persönlichen Informationsassistenten sein, die eine anwendungsorientierte Versorgung der Nutzer mit relevanten, hochwertigen Informationen unterstützen.
Generierung und Bewertung von Prozeßketten
Authors: Klocke Fritz , Fallböhmer Markus , Trommer Gunnar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ein Ziel des Simultaneous Engineering besteht darin, eine konstruktionsbegleitende Fertigungsplanung zu unterstützen. Entsprechende Methoden ermöglichen es, an der Wertschöpfung beteiligte Technologien auszuwählen und zu Technologieketten zu kombinieren. Die darauf aufbauende Generierung und Bewertung von Fertigungsfolgen zeigt eine Rangfolge von konstruktionsbegleitenden Fertigungsalternativen.
CAD- und PDM-Anwendungen im Anlagenbau
Authors: Hellwig Horst E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die nachfolgenden Betrachtungen sind Professor Günter Spur gewidmet, einem großen Lehrer und einem menschlichen und fachlichen Vorbild, der in diesen Tagen 70 Jahre alt wird. Inhaltlich zieht dieser Beitrag eine Schleife über CADAnwendungen im Anlagenbau in den letzten 25 Jahren und gibt einen Ausblick auf die Anforderungen über die Jahrtausendwende hinaus.
Digitale Kreativität in der Produktentwicklung durch Virtuelle Realität
Authors: Lehmann Clemens M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der Einsatz von Techniken der Virtuellen Realität findet immer mehr Anwendungsfelder. Durch die unmittelbare Wechselwirkung zwischen Menschen und rechnergenerierten Darstellungen, bietet die Virtuelle Realität auch neuartige Ansätze zur Unterstützung kreativer Produktentwicklungsprozesse.
Digitale Wasserzeichen in virtuellen Welten*
Authors: Lutz Monika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Durch die freie Verfügbarkeit von Daten und Informationen im Internet besteht der Bedarf an wirkungsvollen Schutzmechanismen für geistiges Eigentum. Für 2D-Bilder stellen digitale Wasserzeichen ein Mittel zum Nachweis der rechtmäßigen Nutzung dar. In diesem Beitrag werden Ansätze der Entwicklungsarbeiten an 3D-Modellen dargestellt.
Berechnung exzentrisch belasteter hydrostatischer Führungen
Authors: Perovic Bozina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Berechnung exzentrisch belasteter hydrostatischer Führungen erfordert komplizierte und zeitaufwendige mathematische Rechnungen. Es entsteht ein nichtlineares Gleichungssystem mit mehreren Unbekannten, das numerisch nur mit dem Einsatz von Rechnerprogrammen gelöst werden kann. Zur optimalen Auslegung der Führung und ihrer lversorgung ist diese Berechnung Öjedoch unerläßlich.
The effects of drying and fermentation on the bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of Thymus vulgaris leaves
Authors: Ozkan K. , Karadag A. , Sagdic O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fresh thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) were dried at 45 °C for 5 h and naturally fermented at 20 °C in a brine solution containing salt and vinegar for 18 days. The ethanolic extracts of fresh (FT), dried (DT), and fermented-pickled (PT) thyme leaves were assessed in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity values and subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity values of fermented thyme leaves were found significantly higher than of dried and fresh samples. The bioaccessibility index (BI) value for TPC and TFC was highest for PT and lowest for DT, indicating that both processes had different effects on the structure of phenolic compounds present in the thyme leaves. Similarly both Recovery and BI values of DPPH antioxidant capacity were highest for PT, but lowest for fresh samples. When CUPRAC assay was applied, the recovery % for FT and PT was similar, and the BI was higher for FT. Results showed that compared to the results of fresh thyme leaves, drying and pickling had a considerable effect on the initial phenolic compounds extracted and their fate during in vitro digestion.