bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Femoral Neck System and Three Cannulated Screws Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures: A Six‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Zhang Ya‐zhong , Lin Yan , Li Chao , Yue Xi‐jun , Li Gao‐yu , Wang Bin , Wang Yun‐qing , Zhu Zi‐qiang 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacies of Femoral Neck System (FNS) and the three cannulated screws fixation (3CS) as therapeutic options for femoral neck fractures.MethodThis was a retrospective study involving 69 patients (26 males and 43 females; mean age of 54.9 years (range, 28–66 years)) subjected to either FNS or 3CS for femoral neck fracture therapy. These patients were treated in our hospital from October 2019 to May 2020. Patient follow up was done at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. During the short‐term (6 months) follow‐up period, surgical procedures for the two groups and incidences of complications were analyzed. Perioperative parameters were recorded and analyzed. Postoperative hip joint functions were measured and compared using the Harris score. The assessed perioperative parameters included surgical time, hemoglobin loss, fluoroscopy duration, hospitalization length and hospitalization cost. The main complications at last follow‐up (6 months) included varus tilting, femoral neck shortness, and implant removal.ResultsDifferences in the number of patients, age, Garden type of fracture and time from injury to surgery between the two groups were not significant (P > 0.05). With regards to perioperative parameters, compared to 3CS, FNS treatment performed better in surgical time (60.00 ± 12.44 vs 76.81 ± 13.10 min, P = 0.000), blood loss (13.67 ± 8.02 vs 16.58 ± 4.16 g/L, P = 0.059) and fluoroscopy time (39.73 ± 9.57 vs 58.14 ± 9.15 s, P = 0.000). Differences in hospitalization length and cost between the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). During the whole follow‐up period, all patients did not exhibit dysfunction, pulmonary embolism or even death as a result of long‐term immobilization of affected limbs. Surgical incisions for all patients healed well without infections. During the 6‐month follow‐up period, the FNS group exhibited a higher Harris score (84.61 ± 3.42 vs 78.67 ± 3.72, p = 0.000). In addition, treatment‐associated complications (FNS vs 3CS) included femoral neck varus tilt (3.03% vs 11.11%), femoral neck shortness (6.06% vs 13.89%), and implant removal (0% vs. 13.89%). Implant removal rate for the FNS group was significantly less than that of the 3CS group (P = 0.026). Differences in incidences of femoral neck varus tilt (P = 0.196) and femoral neck shortness (P = 0.282) between the two groups were not significant. However, the difference in number was significant (FNS group was less).ConclusionFNS treatment is associated with a smaller surgical trauma, stronger stability, and reductions in post‐operative complication incidences, therefore, it is a potential therapeutic option for femoral neck fractures.
Clinical impact of left bundle branch area pacing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Okubo Yousaku , Miyamoto Shogo , Uotani Yukimi , Ikeuchi Yoshihiro , Miyauchi Shunsuke , Okamura Sho , Tokuyama Takehito , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, conduction system pacing, including His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), has emerged as an alternative pacing procedure for right ventricular (RV) pacing. The current study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of LBBAP and conventional RV midseptal pacing (RVMSP) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with midrange ejection (HFmrEF) requiring frequency RV pacing due to atrioventricular block (AVB).MethodsA total of 89 patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF requiring RV pacing due to symptomatic AVB were enrolled between September 2018 and April 2021, among whom 43 and 46 underwent LBBAP and RVMSP, respectively.ResultsNo significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. The LBBAP group had a significantly shorter paced‐QRS duration and paced left ventricular activation time (LVAT) compared to the RVMSP group (123.4 ± 10.4 ms vs. 152.3 ± 12.3 ms,p < .001 and 68.3 ± 10.0 ms vs. 95.2 ± 12.3 ms,p < .001, respectively). The LBBAP group had significantly lower N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels at the 6‐month follow‐up compared to the RVMSP group [459.6 pg/ml (240.4–678.7) vs. 972.7 pg/ml (629.5–1315.9),p = .01]. More patients in the LBBAP group exhibited a significant improvement in NT‐proBNP, defined as a > 50% decreased from baseline levels.ConclusionLBBAP maintains physiological ventricular activation and contributes to greater improvement in NT‐proBNP value 6 months after implantation in patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF compared to RVMSP.
m6A‐mediated regulation of crop development and stress responses
Authors: Zhou Leilei , Gao Guangtong , Tang Renkun , Wang Weihao , Wang Yuying , Tian Shiping , Qin Guozheng 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDynamic chemical modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) constitute an essential layer of gene regulation, among which N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) was unveiled to be the most abundant. m6A functionally modulates important biological processes in various mammals and plants through the regulation of mRNA metabolism, mainly mRNA degradation and translation efficiency. Physiological functions of m6A methylation are diversified and affected by intricate sequence contexts and m6A machineries. A number of studies have dissected the functional roles and the underlying mechanisms of m6A modifications in regulating plant development and stress responses. Recently, it was demonstrated that the human FTO‐mediated plant m6A removal caused dramatic yield increases in rice and potato, indicating that modulation of m6A methylation could be an efficient strategy for crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the current progress concerning the m6A‐mediated regulation of crop development and stress responses, and provide an outlook on the potential application of m6A epitranscriptome in the future improvement of crops.
The pediatric dermatology psychosocial screen: Promoting psychosocial coping and early identification of mental illness in pediatric dermatology patients
Authors: Zambare Wini V. , Tocci Elizabeth , Sideridis Georgios , Wilhelm Sabine , Keuthen Nancy , Fogler Jason , Lee Margaret S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe psychosocial impact of pediatric skin conditions can be difficult to assess accurately. There is currently no way to formally screen and provide stepped care specifically for psychosocial dysfunction or mental illness during dermatology clinics. The Psychosocial Screening Tool for Pediatric Dermatology (PDPS) was designed to identify patients in need of psychosocial support and to promote multidisciplinary care.MethodsThe PDPS was studied at Boston Children's Hospital outpatient dermatology clinics. A pilot study was conducted with 16 participants to assess language and applicability. The validation study included 105 participants aged 8–19 years. Participants completed the PDPS, the Children's Depression Index 2 Short (CDI‐2 Short), and three subscales of the Behavior Assessment System for Children 2 (BASC‐2) to assess content validity. Model fit from confirmatory factor analysis was evaluated using the root‐mean‐square error of approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Tucker‐Lewis Index (TLI).ResultsProper model fit and criterion validity were demonstrated through positively correlating the PDPS and the CDI‐2 Short (CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.969, RMSEA 5.3%) and BASC‐2 subscales (RMSEA = 7.2%, CFI = 0.975, TLI = 0.969). Patient resilience was positively correlated with higher scores in each psychosocial domain.ConclusionsThe PDPS is an effective screening tool for resilience versus need for early behavioral/mental health intervention in dermatology patients aged 8–19. The PDPS identifies psychosocial dysfunction and problems patients may not disclose otherwise (bullying, self‐harm, social supports, neurodermatitis, and body dysmorphic disorder). Additionally, patients can directly indicate interest in various psychosocial health resources on the PDPS, guiding practitioners in providing comprehensive care.
Evaluating the impact of a community health worker (Promotora de Salud) program on attitudes and beliefs regarding atopic dermatitis among Spanish‐speaking Latin‐American caregivers
Authors: Joseph Adrienne K. , Chen Henry W. , Hassan Youssef Sara , Limmer Emily E. , Eifert Faye , Dominguez Arturo R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCommunity health workers (CHWs), or promotora de salud, have an important role in healthcare education and advocacy in the Latin American community. We aimed to determine the impact of a promotora de salud program on attitudes and beliefs regarding AD management among Latin American caregivers of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.MethodsThis is a sub‐study of an ongoing randomized, investigator‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. Mann‐Whitney U tests compared questionnaire responses in the standard education group to the promotora group.ResultsCaregivers in the promotora group were more likely to state that they knew how to apply wet wraps and use bleach (sodium hypochlorite) baths at 1 month (wet wraps p = .027, bleach baths p = .005) and 3 months (wet wraps p = .005, bleach baths p < .001) demonstrating greater self‐efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their capacity to execute a certain behavior to achieve a desired outcome, compared with the standard education group.ConclusionsCulturally competent and language concordant educational interventions may improve confidence in utilizing wet wraps and bleach baths among Latin‐American caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis, which may improve AD outcomes in the Latin‐American community.
When is synchronous telehealth acceptable for pediatric dermatology?
Authors: Kohn Lucinda L. , Pickett Kaci , Day Jennifer A. , Torres‐Zegarra Carla , Plost Grant , Gurnee Emily , Prok Lori , Olson Christina A. , Manson Spero M. , Bruckner Anna L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesWe evaluated the acceptance of synchronous (live video) telehealth for pediatric dermatology.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐center study of patient and dermatologist surveys paired at the encounter level for telehealth encounters with Children's Hospital Colorado Pediatric Dermatology Clinic between 21 April 2020 and 22 May 2020.ResultsDermatologists were most receptive to a telehealth encounter for isotretinoin monitoring (96.6%) and non‐isotretinoin acne (89.5%). In contrast, 71.8% and 58.8% of patients surveyed were open to telehealth for isotretinoin encounters and non‐isotretinoin acne encounters, respectively. There was no significant correlation between patient and dermatologist satisfaction regarding a telehealth encounter (r = 0.09, CI [−0.09, 0.26], p = .34) or between patient and dermatologist preference for telehealth encounter (r = 0.07, CI [−0.11, 0.25] p = .46). Dermatologists reported needing a photo to aid their physical examination in 38/363 (10.7%) of encounters and preferred in‐person examinations when an encounter would have benefitted from laboratories, procedures, dermatoscopic examination, examination by palpation, and accurate weights in infants.ConclusionsSynchronous, live‐video telehealth is an effective method of healthcare delivery in certain situations for pediatric dermatology, but it does not replace in‐person encounters. Families and dermatologists have different perceptions about its acceptance.
Atypical purpura and other features associated with unfavorable outcomes of IgA vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) in children: A retrospective study
Authors: Carmona‐Cruz Silvia Angélica , Durán‐McKinster Lourdes Carola , García‐Romero María Teresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of IgA vasculitis (also known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura) is determined by renal or other organ involvement. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the initial features of 106 children with IgA vasculitis and their association with unfavorable outcomes. Location of purpura above the waist and an altered urinalysis at diagnosis predicted a more aggressive course of disease.
A novel pathogenic variant in the corneodesmosin gene causing generalized inflammatory peeling skin syndrome with marked eosinophilia and trichorrhexis invaginata
Authors: Gordon Helen , Yap Patrick , Hsiao Kuang‐Chih , Watson Michael , Purvis Diana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGeneralized inflammatory peeling skin syndrome (PSS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by loss‐of‐function disease‐causing variants of the corneodesmosin gene (CDSN), resulting in excessive shedding of the superficial layers of the epidermis. We describe a case of generalized inflammatory PSS in an infant, presenting at day two of life with ichthyosiform erythroderma and superficial peeling of the skin. Hair microscopy showed trichorrhexis invaginata. Normal amounts of skin LEKT1, a product of SPINK5 on immunohistochemical staining excluded a diagnosis of Netherton syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous novel complete CDSN deletion, estimated 4.6 kb in size, supporting the diagnosis of generalized inflammatory PSS.
Follicular keratosis of the face in pediatric patients of color
Authors: Grullon Karina , Ashi Shaymaa A. , Shea Christopher R. , Ruiz de Luzuriaga Arlene M. , Stein Sarah L. , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFollicular keratosis (FK) is a poorly understood disorder presenting with multiple, grouped hyperkeratotic follicular papules typically affecting the chin or jawline. This study describes the clinical presentation, histopathology, management, and outcomes of a series of pediatric patients of color with FK of the face, thought to be related to rubbing or friction on the skin.MethodsRetrospective review of 20 pediatric patients with FK of the face who presented to our pediatric dermatology practice between April 2019 and October 2021.ResultsTwenty patients (mean age 12.1 years, 13 females), all self‐identified as Black/African American, were included. All presented with an initially asymptomatic, hyperpigmented patch containing multiple hyperkeratotic follicular papules, located on the cheek, chin, upper lip, and/or jawline. Five patients endorsed a history of rubbing the site. Nine patients had onset of the lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Treatments included topical vitamin D analogs, corticosteroids, and/or retinoids. Topical vitamin D analogs and retinoids improved the texture and hyperpigmentation of the follicular lesions in only four patients, while topical corticosteroids had no effect. Histopathological examination of two patients revealed multiple dilated follicles containing keratinized material and associated with a sparse dermal inflammatory infiltrate in one patient and granulomatous inflammation within the dermis in the other.ConclusionsIn our cohort of pediatric patients with FK, patients of color were preferentially affected, and all cases were associated with hyperpigmentation. Some patients presented during the COVID‐19 pandemic suggesting that friction from facial mask wearing may have induced or exacerbated this uncommon condition.
Political instability and youths unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Fomba Kamga Benjamin , Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort , Ningaye Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of political instability on youths unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa. Particular interest is devoted to the channels through which political instability affects youths unemployment. The empirical analysis covers a sample of 23 countries for the period 2000–2016. To better characterize the labor market framework in sub‐Saharan Africa, the empirical analysis incorporates the impact of political instability on youths underemployment and labor underutilization. Using panel data techniques, the results show that political instability increases youths unemployment, underemployment, and labor underutilization in sub‐Saharan Africa. The main transmission channels identified are foreign direct investment, domestic investment, gross domestic product, government spending, human capital, and labor market flexibility. The findings confirm the investigated hypothesis. As the main policy implication, policymakers in sub‐Saharan Africa should resolve political instability as a priority toward addressing youths unemployment.
Cryptococcosis in HIV/AIDS patients in northern Brazil: Clinical aspects, molecular types and isolation of agents from environmental samples associated with patients
Authors: Alves Marla Jalene , do Nascimento Izabella Sadalla , Cruz Katia Santana , Menescal Victoria Violeta Fernandes , Menescal Lizandra Stephanny Fernandes , Silva Larissa Svetlana Cavalcante , Pinheiro Silviane Bezerra , Gómez Aline Stephanie Pérez , de Souza João Vicente Braga , Lazera Marcia dos Santos , Jackisch‐Matsuura Ani Beatriz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil, cryptococcosis is endemic, with a predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans in individuals with HIV/AIDS, and Cryptococcus gattii VGII in non‐HIV individuals. This study analysed the clinical isolates and clinical–epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas and investigated the presence of agents of cryptococcosis in environmental samples.MethodsA survey was made of data from HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between January 2017 and December 2019, and environmental samples were collected at the patients’ and their neighbours’ homes. The isolates were submitted to morphophysiological analysis and PCR‐RFLP typing to determine the molecular types.ResultsClinical–epidemiological characteristics of 55 patients and 75 clinical isolates were analysed. Neurocriptococcosis was the clinical form observed in 98.2% (n = 54/55) of patients. A total of 38.1% (n = 21/55) of patients died within 100 weeks, of which 21.8% (n = 12/55) died less than a month after the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. C. neoformans VNI (n = 68/75), C. neoformans VNII (n = 1/75), C. gattii VGI (n = 3/75) and C. gattii VGII (n = 3/75) were identified. Mixed infection was observed in two patients, one by C. neoformans VNI and VNII and the other by C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGI. Cryptococcus VNI was detected in three (n = 3/51) households, one of a patient (n = 1/17) and two households that neighbour patients’ houses (n = 2/34).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the prevalence of C. neoformans VNI, which is a cause of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV/AIDS in the state of Amazonas, and revealed a greater diversity of molecular types affecting these patients in the region than in previous studies. In the studied group, a high mortality rate was observed, which reflects the importance of early diagnosis, and evidences cryptococcosis as an AIDS‐defining disease and an important public health problem in the region. The home environment proved to be a potential source of infection/reinfection by C. neoformans VNI.
Can money buy friendship?—Evidence from the US and China’s competition for influence through foreign aid
Authors: Zheng Huanhuan , Li Chen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing bilateral aid data from 47 donors to 194 recipients, we find that while donors reward good relationship with more foreign aid, recipients sweeten their political relations with donors only after aid cuts. The negative impact of aid on political relations is more pronounced after the Cold War, in politically stable regions, and in countries where China and the United States are both donors. We provide evidence that the competition for influence among donors with distinct political pursuits and the conflicts between donors and recipients in aid implementation are driving the results.
The effect of natural infection with differentLeptospira interrogansserovars on oxidative stress biomarkers and acute‐phase responses in horses and cattle
Authors: Niroomandi Ehsan , Maleki Shahram , Abdollahpour Gholamreza , Zakian Amir , Ahmadvand Hasan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is one of the important zoonotic bacterial diseases with a worldwide distribution that is often subclinical. We aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant balance and acute‐phase response in naturally infected horses and cattle withLeptospira interrogans. A total of 600 serum samples from horses and cattle were examined forL. interrogansantibodies using the microscopic agglutination test to determine anti‐LeptospiraIgG antibodies against a panel of eight importantLeptospiraantigens in Iran. Then, serum total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde activities, and nitric oxide, total protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations were measured in seropositive and seronegative samples. Serum catalase activities and malondialdehyde, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin ‌concentrations in seropositive cattle and horses were significantly higher (P < .05) than in those that were seronegative. Antibody titers increased from 1:100 to 1:200 in cattle withL. interrogansinfection, resulting in a decrease in the serum total antioxidant capacity (P < .05), an increase in serum glutathione peroxidase (P < .01) activity and nitric oxide (P < .05) , serum amyloid A (P < .01), and haptoglobin (P < .05) concentrations. Following the increase in the agglutinating antibody titers in horses infected withL. interrogans, the serum total antioxidant capacity (P < .01) decreased, and serum nitric oxide (P < .05), malondialdehyde (P < .05), and serum amyloid A (P < .01) concentrations were increased. In this study, horses and cattle had extensive changes in oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and acute‐phase protein concentrations when infected withL. interrogans. We also demonstrated a direct link between antibody titers and the type of leptospiral serovar using serum oxidative and inflammatory markers.
Jet shape and redistribution of the lost energy from jets in Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC in a multiphase transport model
Authors: Luo Ao , Mao Ya-Xian , Qin Guang-You , Wang En-Ke , Zhang Han-Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJet-medium interaction involves two important effects: jet energy loss and medium response. The search for jet-induced medium excitations is one of the hot topics in jet quenching study in relativistic nuclear collisions. In this work, we perform a systematic study on how the lost energy from hard jets evolves with the bulk medium and redistributes in the final state of heavy-ion collisions via a multi-phase transport model. In particular, the ($$\Delta \eta , \Delta \phi $$

Δ
η
,
Δ
ϕ

) distribution of charged particles with respect to the jet axis and jet shape function are studied for various Pb + Pb collision centralities and for different transverse momentum intervals of charged particles. Our numerical result shows a strong enhancement of soft particles at large angles for Pb + Pb collisions relative to p + p collisions at the LHC, qualitatively consistent with recent CMS data. This indicates that a significant fraction of the lost energy from hard jets is carried by soft particles at large angles away from the jet axis.