bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a workplace mobile phone‐based instant messaging intervention on smoking cessation: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weng Xue , Lau Oi Sze , Ng Chak Hang , Li William Ho Cheung , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo test the effectiveness of intractive, instant messaging chat‐based mobile phone support versus text‐based mobile phone support integrated with brief interventions on self‐reported smoking abstinence in workplaces.DesignA two‐arm parallel cluster‐randomized controlled trial with follow‐up to 12 months.SettingSeventy‐five companies in Hong Kong, China.ParticipantsDaily cigarette adult smokers (92.0% male, 90.9% not ready to quit within the next 30 days) from 75 companies (clusters).InterventionsParticipants were cluster‐randomized to receive text‐based support (TBS, n = 375; 38 clusters) or chat‐based support (CBS, n = 304; 37 clusters). TBS participants received automated and fix‐scheduled text messages on cessation advice and support. CBS participants received fix‐scheduled text messages and additional real‐time psychosocial and cessation support via instant messaging services (e.g. WhatsApp) by counsellors. Both groups received a 1‐hour health talk at baseline and brief telephone counselling at 1 week and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was self‐reported 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 6 months post‐treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes included 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 12 months, repeated 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence, smoking reduction, quit attempts and intervention engagement, defined as having read text messages and/or engaged in conversation with counsellors.FindingsBy intention‐to‐treat assuming that dropouts were smoking, self‐reported abstinence was not significantly different between the CBS and TBS groups at 6 months [18.8 versus 21.6%, risk ratio (RR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 1.23, retention = 71.3%] and 12 months (21.4 versus 24.0%, RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.21, retention = 70.8%). The repeated 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence, smoking reduction and quit attempts were similar between the groups. The participants who were engaged in the text‐ and/or chat‐based interventions had greater abstinence (adjusted RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.87, 4.52) at 6 months compared with unengaged participants.ConclusionsCompared with a text messaging mobile phone intervention, a chat‐based instant messaging mobile phone intervention did not improve smoking abstinence over 12 months in workplaces. Engagement in text‐based or chat‐based interventions was associated with higher quit rates compared with non‐engagement.
Parental substance use disorder and offspring not in education, employment or training: a national cohort study of young adults in Sweden
Authors: Welford Paul , Danielsson Anna‐Karin , Manhica Hélio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo test the hypothesis that exposure to parental substance use disorder is associated with an increased risk of being not in education, employment or training (NEET) in male and female offspring during young adulthood.Design, setting and participantsA register‐based, national cohort study of 797 376 individuals born between 1984 and 1990, residing in Sweden at age 17 years. Participants were followed from age 17 years to maximum age 32 years and assessed annually for being NEET.MeasurementsThe exposure variable was binary, defined as any diagnosis of substance use disorder (alcohol and/or drug use disorder) in one or both parents, measured between offspring’s birth and age 17 years. Cox regression analysis was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) for being NEET, assessed annually as a binary variable using income and employment data.FindingsWe found that 4.4% of individuals were exposed to parental substance use disorder. When adjusted for birth year, domicile, origin, psychiatric diagnosis, household income and parental psychiatric diagnosis, HRs for being NEET were HR = 1.13 (95% CI 1.09–1.16) for males, and HR = 1.15 (95% CI 1.12–1.19) for females. When stratified by age, adjusted HRs for experiencing the first episode of NEET peaked at age 17–19 years, HR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.25–1.50) for males, and HR = 1.31 (95% CI 1.18–1.44) for females.ConclusionsIn Sweden, exposure to parental substance use disorder before age 17 years is associated with increased risk of being not in education, employment or training during early adulthood. The risks were highest at age 17–19 years for both males and females, decreasing with greater age.
Collective investment in a common pool resource: Grower associations and food safety guidelines
Authors: Adalja Aaron , Lichtenberg Erik , Page Elina T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCommon pool resources often face overexploitation, but collective action can counteract that tendency. We investigate collective investment in reputation for produce food safety, a common pool resource because of limited branding and traceability, by U.S. commodity organizations. We use a unique dataset constructed with data from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and industry to provide novel evidence on collective investment in common pool resources. Notably, only large shocks to reputation such as foodborne disease outbreaks resulting in hospitalization increase the likelihood of food safety guideline adoption. Adoption of food safety guidelines by government‐backed organizations results in improvements in some food safety outcomes.
Effectiveness of using drones and convolutional neural networks to monitor aquatic megafauna
Authors: Woolcock Alexander B. , Cotton Sam , Cotton Alison J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAquatic megafauna are difficult to observe and count due to the inaccessibility and issues of detectability. Traditional transect and helicopter counts are useful for obtaining population estimates, but they often have logistical and cost limitations. The recent proliferation of drone technology offers an innovative way of surveying animal populations. However, data collected from drones are hindered by an analysis bottleneck that increases the time needed to process them. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are an emerging category of deep learning that can automate this data analysis process. Here, we compare traditional methods with drone surveys, by detecting and counting Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) and common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibious). We evaluate the utility of CNNs for object detection and quantification in complex environments. Drone counts were more accurate than traditional methods; identifying 21% more crocodiles. Where vegetation was open, hippo counts with a drone showed a similar pattern (identifying 43% more). When vegetation was dense the drone produced less‐accurate population estimates than traditional methods. CNN accuracy was limited (85%) due to the reduced training dataset available for the CNN. However, with an expanded data set, object detection is likely to be more accurate, making it more applicable for expedited and automated data analysis.
TFEB signaling attenuates NLRP3‐driven inflammatory responses in severe asthma
Authors: Theofani Efthymia , Semitekolou Maria , Samitas Konstantinos , Mais Annie , Galani Ioanna E. , Triantafyllia Vasiliki , Lama Joanna , Morianos Ioannis , Stavropoulos Athanasios , Jeong Se‐Jin , Andreakos Evangelos , Razani Babak , Rovina Nikoletta , Xanthou Georgina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNLRP3‐driven inflammatory responses by circulating and lung‐resident monocytes are critical drivers of asthma pathogenesis. Autophagy restrains NLRP3‐induced monocyte activation in asthma models. Yet, the effects of autophagy and its master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB), on monocyte responses in human asthma remain unexplored. Here, we investigated whether activation of autophagy and TFEB signaling suppress inflammatory monocyte responses in asthmatic individuals.MethodsPeripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from asthmatic patients (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 46) were stimulated with LPS/ATP to induce NLRP3 activation with or without the autophagy inducer, rapamycin. ASC specks, caspase‐1 activation, IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels, mitochondrial function, ROS release, and mTORC1 signaling were examined. Autophagy was evaluated by LC3 puncta formation, p62/SQSTM1 degradation and TFEB activation. In a severe asthma (SA) model, we investigated the role of NLRP3 signaling using Nlrp3−/− mice and/or MCC950 administration, and the effects of TFEB activation using myeloid‐specific TFEB‐overexpressing mice or administration of the TFEB activator, trehalose.ResultsWe observed increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, concomitant with impaired autophagy in circulating monocytes that correlated with asthma severity. SA patients also exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation. Autophagy failed to inhibit NLRP3‐driven monocyte responses, due to defective TFEB activation and excessive mTORC1 signaling. NLRP3 blockade restrained inflammatory cytokine release and linked airway disease. TFEB activation restored impaired autophagy, attenuated NLRP3‐driven pulmonary inflammation, and ameliorated SA phenotype.ConclusionsOur studies uncover a crucial role for TFEB‐mediated reprogramming of monocyte inflammatory responses, raising the prospect that this pathway can be therapeutically harnessed for the management of SA.
Personal values and academic achievement
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Schwartz Shalom S. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing data from two studies, we investigate the role of basic values in predicting academic achievement. We focus on self‐direction and conformity, two‐value domains that have been neglected or understudied in earlier research on academic success. In line with the refined value theory, we split self‐direction into independence of thought and of action, and conformity into compliance with rules and formal obligations (Rules), and avoidance of upsetting others (Interpersonal). We obtained grades as measures of academic achievement in two samples of Italian high‐school students. In Study 1 (n = 234), we measured values with the PVQ‐40 and academic motivation. In Study 2 (n = 215), we measured values with the PVQ‐RR and both attendance rates and classroom conduct. Results: Both self‐direction–thought and conformity–rules correlated with higher grades. These two values related to grades through a different path. Self‐direction thought promoted grades through autonomous forms of academic motivation. Conformity rules promoted grades through better teachers’ evaluations of students’ classroom behaviour. Self‐direction–action and conformity–interpersonal were unrelated to grades. Regarding the other values, hedonism and stimulation related negatively to grades. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed.
Ants benefit from the Japanese raisin tree invasion and favor its invasiveness in the subtropical Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: Podgaiski Luciana Regina , Guimarães Gabriel de Carvalho , Dröse William , Pereira Almerão Mauricio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiological invasions are among the main drivers of biodiversity losses, which can be caused by alterations in habitat structure. Animal–plant mutualistic interactions created in recipient communities may enhance alien species invasiveness. In this study, we investigate the relationships between the Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis) and ground‐foraging ant communities in the Atlantic Rainforest. Seven paired sites (n = 14) of invaded and uninvaded forests (control) were chosen. We sampled ant communities with pitfall traps in those sites during 2018 wintertime, before (June) and after H. dulcis infructescences fall on the forest floor (July). In June, leaf‐litter mass of invaded sites was higher, but ant diversity and composition were not affected. In July, leaf‐litter mass reduced, and infructescence offer triggered a higher ant diversity and distinct ant species composition in invaded sites. We additionally performed an experiment to understand the potential use of H. dulcis diaspores by ant species. We recorded 19 species exploiting H. dulcis diaspores, of which 18 consumed the fleshy peduncle in situ, and two removed diaspores for distances >1 cm. Our study indicates the invasion did not negatively affect ant communities by altering the leaf‐litter layer. On the contrary, ant communities benefited from the high‐resource availability during exposure to cold stress. Ant–H. dulcis diaspore interactions could further contribute to seed germination and propagule establishment, potentially enhancing H. dulcis invasiveness.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Is it safe to perform an anastomosis for rectal cancer after prostate cancer? A multicentre study of 126 patients from the GRECCAR group
Authors: Lakkis Zaher , Doussot Alexandre , Manfredelli Simone , Vernerey Dewi , Meillat Hélène , Ouaissi Mehdi , Cotte Eddy , Faucheron Jean‐Luc , Piessen Guillaume , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Panis Yves , Beyer Laura , Brouquet Antoine , Dumont Frédéric , Meurisse Aurélia , Rullier Eric , Heyd Bruno ,   the French Research Group of Rectal Cancer Surgery (GRECCAR)
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the safety of performing an anastomosis after rectal cancer (RC) resection in patients with a previously treated prostate cancer (PC).MethodsPatients with a previously treated PC who underwent rectal resection from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively included. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent rectal resection with anastomosis (restorative surgery, RS+ group) and those with a definitive stoma (RS− group). In the RS+ group, anastomotic leak (AL) rates were assessed according to the type of reconstruction.ResultsA total of 126 patients underwent rectal surgery for mid‐low RC after a previous PC treated by radiotherapy (RT) and/or radical prostatectomy. Overall, 80 patients (63%) underwent a RS and 46 patients (37%) underwent rectal surgery with a definitive stoma. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative data, except for the type of resection with more multivisceral resection in the RS‐ group (p < 0.01). In the RS+group, a diverting stoma was performed in 74% of cases. No difference between the two groups in terms of overall morbidity was found. In the RS+group (n = 80), 17 patients (21%) experienced AL. Of these, none was observed when delayed coloanal anastomosis was performed (p = 0.16). Long‐term permanent stoma in the RS+ group was 16% (n = 13).ConclusionRestorative surgery after resection for RC in patients with a previous history of RT and/or radical prostatectomy for PC is safe without additional morbidity. In selected patients for restorative surgery, performing delayed coloanal anastomosis may represent a promising option.
Cytopathological characteristics of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration
Authors: Fei Mingjian , Ye Qiao , Yu Yawei , Shi Xianghui , Luo Fang , Yan Tingting 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the cytopathological features of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) diagnostics.MethodsFine needle aspiration lymph node biopsy samples from 12 patients with AITL were collected at a single centre between January 2014 and December 2020. The clinical, cytological and histopathological characteristics were retrospectively analysed.ResultsThree male and six female patients with AITL who had a median onset age of 65 years (range 51‐74 years) and a mean follow‐up period of 29 months (range 12‐47 months) were included. The FNA cytological and morphological analysis of the reactive lymph node background revealed diffusely distributed non‐homogeneous mixed lymphocytes, including mature small lymphocytes, medium‐sized lymphoid cells, immune cells, and plasma cells; some mixed eosinophils, macrophages, and an occasional mixture of visible and medium‐sized lymphocytes and epithelioid cells were observed. Mitotically active lymphocytes and sporadic pigmented bodies were observed occasionally. An abnormal proliferation of follicular dendritic cells observed under the microscope is important for AITL diagnosis, and these cells are often distributed in a scattered pattern of small clusters with many nuclear morphologies. Branched capillaries are another important diagnostic clue. Two patients with AITL who achieved clinical remission after treatment experienced recurrence and were diagnosed using FNA and cell block immunohistochemistry.ConclusionsFine needle aspiration provides clues for the diagnosis of AITL in special clinical situations, and cell block immunohistochemistry is worthy of further exploration.
Reporting Pass–Fail Decisions to Examinees with Incomplete Data: A Commentary on Feinberg (2021)
Authors: Sinharay Sandip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdministrative problems such as computer malfunction and power outage occasionally lead to missing item scores, and hence to incomplete data, on credentialing tests such as the United States Medical Licensing examination. Feinberg compared four approaches for reporting pass–fail decisions to the examinees with incomplete data on credentialing tests. The goal of this brief paper is to demonstrate that the classical method of logistic regression may be preferable to the approaches suggested by Feinberg in some cases including the case when the credentialing test is high‐stakes.
Persons in the Making: Perceptions of the Beginning of Life in a Zambian Community
Authors: Smørholm Sesilie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfancy is characterized by physical and biological changes and growth, and across cultures, parents associate this period with care, protection, and nutrition. However, beyond the universal aspects of infancy, the ways in which caretakers understand babies’ needs and nature are subject to great cultural variation. In this article I explore how people in a township in Lusaka, Zambia, conceptualize and understand how babies become social persons. Particular attention is paid to how human potentials are seen to naturally grow and unfold if properly cultivated in the relationships that the child shares with others. I will also discuss how local models of natural growth contrast models of early child development offered by international parenting intervention programs that focus on how parents in poor communities can stimulate young children's cognitive development.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 expression is increased in non‐lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Vasas Nikolett , Pénzes Zsófia , Kistamás Kornél , Nánási Péter Pál , Molnár Szabolcs , Szegedi Andrea , Szöllősi Attila Gábor , Bíró Tamás 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTRPV3 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 3) is a pro‐inflammatory ion channel mostly expressed by keratinocytes of the human skin. Previous studies have shown that the expression of TRPV3 is markedly upregulated in the lesional epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients suggesting a potential pathogenetic role of the ion channel in the disease. In the current study, we aimed at defining the molecular and functional expression of TRPV3 in non‐lesional skin of AD patients as previous studies implicated that healthy‐appearing skin in AD is markedly distinct from normal skin with respect to terminal differentiation and certain immune function abnormalities. By using multiple, complementary immunolabelling and RT‐qPCR technologies on full‐thickness and epidermal shave biopsy samples from AD patients (lesional, non‐lesional) and healthy volunteers, we provide the first evidence that the expression of TRPV3 is markedly upregulated in non‐lesional human AD epidermis, similar to lesional AD samples. Of further importance, by using the patch‐clamp method on cultured healthy and non‐lesional AD keratinocytes, we also show that this upregulation is functional as determined by the significantly augmented TRPV3‐specific ion current (induced by agonists) on cultured non‐lesional AD keratinocytes when compared to healthy ones.
Incidence, clinicopathological features and genetics of in‐situ follicular neoplasia: a comprehensive screening study in a Japanese cohort
Authors: Oishi Naoki , Segawa Takahiro , Miyake Kunio , Mochizuki Kunio , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: January 2022

AimsIn‐situ follicular neoplasia (ISFN) is a histologically recognizable neoplastic proliferation of follicular lymphoma (FL)‐like B cells confined to the germinal centres. While some ISFNs are associated with overt FL, others are incidentally identified as isolated or pure forms in individuals without evidence of overt FL. The prevalence of incidentally found isolated ISFN is approximately 3% in Europe; however, no screening study has been conducted in Asia. To investigate the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of ISFNs in the Japanese population, we conducted histopathological screening of the lymph nodes (LNs) resected for solid tumours or inflammatory conditions.Methods and resultsWe screened for ISFN in 5700 LNs from 340 individuals using immunohistochemistry for BCL2 and identified seven ISFNs, with an incidence of 2.1%. The median age of the individuals with ISFN was 67 years, none of whom developed overt FL, with a median follow‐up of 59 months. Next‐generation sequencing was performed in five ISFNs, and 10 variants in seven FL‐associated genes were identified. The identified variants included HIST1H1E (n = 2), ARID1A (n = 2), KMT2D (n = 1), CARD11 (n = 1), BCL7A (n = 1), CREBBP (n = 1) and TNFRSF14 (n = 1).ConclusionsThe incidence of isolated ISFN in the Japanese population is not significantly different from that in Europe, presumably reflecting the recent increase in FL in Japan. These incidentally found ISFNs have a low potential to transform into overt FL. Although mutations of FL‐associated genes are already present in ISFNs, further molecular studies are needed to identify driver genes leading to the transformation of ISFN to overt FL.
Are patterns of sampling effort and completeness of inventories congruent? A test using databases for five insect taxa in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Sánchez‐Fernández David , Yela José Luis , Acosta Raúl , Bonada Núria , García‐Barros Enrique , Guisande Cástor , Heine Juergen , Millán Andrés , Munguira Miguel L. , Romo Helena , Zamora‐Muñoz Carmen , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluating data quality and inventory completeness must be a preliminary step in any biodiversity research, particularly in the case of insects and high biodiversity areas. Yet, this step is often neglected or, at best, assessed only for one insect group, and the degree of congruence of sampling effort ffor different insect groups remains unexplored.We assess the congruence in the spatial distribution of sampling effort for five insect groups (butterflies, caddisflies, dung beetles, moths, and aquatic beetles) in the Iberian Peninsula. We identify well‐surveyed areas for each taxonomic group and examine the degree to which the patterns of sampling effort can be explained by a set of variables related to environmental conditions and accessibility.Irrespective of the general lack of reliable inventories, we found a general but low congruence in the completeness patterns of the different taxa. This suggests that there is not a common geographical pattern in survey effort and that idiosyncratic and contingent factors (mainly the proximity to the workplaces of entomologists) are differentially affecting each group.After many decades of taxonomic and faunistic work, distributional databases of Iberian insects are still in a very preliminary stage, thus limiting our capacity to obtain reliable answers to basic and applied questions.We recommend carrying out long‐term, standardised and well‐designed entomological surveys able to generate a reliable image of the distribution of different insect groups. This will allow us to estimate accurately insect trends and better understand the full extent of global biodiversity loss.