bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of central amygdala chemogenetic manipulation and prior chronic alcohol exposure on Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer
Authors: Shields Chloe N. , Gremel Christina M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent work suggests that a history of chronic alcohol exposure can enhance the influence of nondrug reward cues on ongoing actions. This is often modeled in Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks that examine the interaction between Pavlovian and instrumental learning processes, usually reflected as an increase in action vigor during the presentation of a reward‐associated cue. Though prior chronic alcohol exposure strengthens this type of cue‐guided behavior, the neural mechanisms underlying such enhancements are not known.MethodsIn the present work, we examined the contribution of the central amygdala (CeA), a region strongly implicated in PIT behaviors and functionally altered by chronic alcohol exposure. We utilized Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) to examine the impact of inhibitory and excitatory CeA manipulation on PIT behaviors in alcohol‐naïve mice and mice with a history of chronic intermittent ethano vapor exposure and withdrawal (CIE).ResultsReplicating previous work, we found that a history of CIE strengthened baseline PIT, in the absence of any CeA manipulation. We also found that activation of both inhibitory and excitatory DREADDs expressed in CeA enhanced PIT in alcohol‐naïve mice, though the latter markedly reduced response rates. However, in mice exposed to CIE, activation of excitatory DREADD receptors expressed in CeA appeared to weaken PIT.ConclusionsThese results suggest that alcohol‐induced disruptions in amygdala function may contribute to changes in appetitive behaviors, such as cue‐guided responding, following chronic exposure to alcohol. Better elucidating the neural mechanisms that underlie disrupted cue‐guided behavior following chronic alcohol exposure may help to understand and treat deficits in adaptive behavior associated with chronic alcohol use in humans.
Evaluating the optimal treatment strategy for early and advanced remnant gastric cancer
Authors: Hayashi Masato , Fujita Takeshi , Matsushita Hisayuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed lymph node metastasis characteristics to investigate the optimal treatment strategy for early and advanced remnant gastric cancer (RGC).MethodsCases of completion gastrectomy for RGC were enrolled. The frequency of lymph node metastasis was investigated, and risk factors for metastasis were identified. The clinical significance of completion gastrectomy in early remnant gastric carcinoma cases was also examined. In advanced cases, 3‐year survival was analysed to investigate the prognostic importance of lymph node dissection and splenectomy.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients were included. Lymphatic invasion and pathological tumour depth were identified as risk factors for lymph node metastasis. There was no metastasis in the pT1 cases. In advanced cases, the incidence of lymph node #10 and jejunal lymph node metastasis was 8.3–10.0% and 17.6%, respectively. Prognosis was found to be unrelated with splenectomy.ConclusionsLymphatic invasion and pathological T status were identified as risk factors for LN metastasis in RGC. Additional gastrectomy after ESD might not be mandatory for early RGC cases. For advanced RGC cases, splenectomy might not improve patient prognosis, however, lymph node dissection of jejunal and #10 lymph nodes should be considered due to its high incidence of metastasis.
Lipid metabolism and retinal diseases
Authors: Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe retina has enormous lipids demands and must meet those needs. Retinal lipid homeostasis appears to be based on the symbiosis between neurons, Müller glial cells (MGC), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which can be impacted in several retinal diseases. The current research challenge is to better understand lipid‐related mechanisms involved in retinal diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma.ResultsIn a first axis, in vitro and focus on Müller glial cell, we aimed to characterize whether the 24S‐hydroxycholesterol (24S‐OHC), an overexpressed end‐product of cholesterol elimination pathway in neural tissue and likely produced by suffering retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, may modulate MGC membrane organization, such as lipid rafts, to trigger cellular signalling pathways related to retinal gliosis. We have found that lipid composition appears to be a key factor of membrane architecture, especially for lipid raft microdomain formation, in MGC. However, 24S‐OHC did not appear to trigger retinal gliosis via the modulation of lipid or protein composition within lipid rafts microdomains. This study provided a better understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. On a second clinical ax, we focused on the lipid‐related mechanisms involved in the dysfunction of aging RPE and the appearance of drusenoid deposits in AMD. Using the Montrachet population‐based study, we intend to report the frequency of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and its ocular and systemic risk factors, particularly related to lipid metabolisms, such as plasma lipoprotein levels, carotenoids levels, and lipid‐lowering drug intake. Our study showed that RPD was less common in subjects taking lipid‐lowering drugs. Lipid‐lowering drugs, such as statins, may reduce the risk of RPD through their effect on the production and function of lipoproteins. This observation highlights the potential role of retinal lipid trafficking via lipoproteins between photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells in RPD formation. Those findings have been complemented with preliminary results on the analysis of plasma fatty acid (FA) profile, a surrogate marker of short‐term dietary lipid intake, according to the type of predominant drusenoid deposit, soft drusen or RPD, in age‐related maculopathy.ConclusionFurther research on lipid metabolism in retinal diseases is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology of retinal diseases and develop new promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for our patients.
Posterior stromal ripples increase risk of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty graft detachment worsening over time
Authors: Coco Giulia , Levis Hannah J. , Borgia Alfredo , Romano Davide , Pagano Luca , Virgili Gianni , Kaye Stephen B. , Romano Vito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) features of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts associated with graft attachment worsening over time.MethodsRetrospective case series on patients who received uncomplicated DMEK surgery and for whom subsequent AS‐OCT data were available for analysis. Patients' demographics and surgical details were collected. AS‐OCT was analysed for graft detachment axial extension, presence of posterior stromal ripples, quadrant involvement (location and number), degree of detachment extension, peripheral roll, presence and amount of air in the anterior chamber (AC). Features associated with re‐bubbling and graft detachment worsening over time were identified.ResultsA total of 147 patients with a mean age of 70.8 ± 9.8 years (63% females) were included. AS‐OCT was performed at 2.9 ± 2.4 days after surgery. AS‐OCT factors associated with re‐bubbling were posterior stromal ripples (p = 0.004) and detachment axial extension (p < 0.001). At first follow‐up, of the 147 DMEK, 67 showed complete attachment and 80 partial detachment. In those cases of initially completely attached grafts, posterior stromal ripples were associated with the risk of subsequent graft detachment (p = 0.014) together with recipient age (p = 0.043), phaco‐combined surgery (p = 0.018) and AS‐OCT timing (p = 0.033); while, in the initially partially detached grafts, detachment worsening was associated with posterior stromal ripples (p = 0.025), detachment axial extension (p = 0.003), degrees of detachment involvement (p = 0.029), peripheral roll‐in shape (p = 0.033) and presence of air in the AC (p = 0.032). Relative risk (RR) of graft detachment worsening in patients with moderate/severe posterior stromal ripples was 1.75 (95% CI = 1.09–2.81).ConclusionPosterior stromal ripples and detachment axial extension >1/3 of graft surface area were the main risk factors for detachment worsening over time, and patients showing these features should be monitored closely to identify the need for re‐bubbling at an early stage, thus improving surgical outcomes.
Discussion of “A Formal Causal Interpretation of the Case-Crossover Design” by Zach Shahn, Miguel A. Hernan, and James M. Robins
Authors: Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shahn, Hernan, and Robins give conditions under which estimates from a case-crossover analysis converge to the desired causal relative risk times a bias factor, and they discuss conditions needed to have small bias. To simplify the problem, we discuss only two exposure times and rely on randomized exposure assignments, thereby avoiding the need for potential outcome notation. We identify many, but not all, of the conditions discussed by Shahn et al. in this simple analysis.
Early‐life social stress induces permanent alterations in plasticity and perineuronal nets in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Catale Clarissa , Martini Alessandro , Piscitelli Rosa Maria , Senzasono Benedetta , Iacono Luisa Lo , Mercuri Nicola B. , Guatteo Ezia , Carola Valeria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChild maltreatment disrupts trajectories of brain development, but the underlying pathways are unclear. Stressful stimuli in early life interfere with maturation of local inhibitory circuitry and deposition of perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures involved in the closure of critical periods of development. Alterations in cortical PNN and parvalbumin (PV) following early‐life stress (ELS) have been detected in human and animal studies. Aberrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are the most consistent neuroimaging findings in maltreated people, but the molecular mechanisms linking ELS with ACC dysfunctions are unknown. Here, we employed a mouse model of early social threat to test whether ELS experienced in a sensitive period for ACC maturation could induce long‐term aberrations of PNN and PV development in the ACC, with consequences on plasticity and ACC‐dependent behavior. We found that ELS increased PNN but not PV expression in the ACC of young adult mice. This was associated with reduced frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and long‐term potentiation impairments and expression of intense object phobia. Our findings provide information on the long‐term effects of ELS on ACC functionality and PNN formation and present evidence for a novel neurobiological pathway underlying the impact of early adversity on the brain.
Effect of Stevia rebaudiana aqueous extract and microencapsulation on the survivability of Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb‐12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 in functional ice cream
Authors: Banuree Sayed Attaul Haq , Noori Negin , Gandomi Hassan , Khanjari Ali , Karabagias Ioannis K. , Faraki Azita , Ghadami Fereshteh , Azizian Asghar , Banuree Sayed Ziaulhaq 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe effect of Stevia rebaudiana aqueous extract (Stevia) and microencapsulation on the survivability of Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb‐12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and assessment of chemical and sensorial characteristics in the symbiotic ice cream were studied for 90 days at −20°C. Free B. bifidum Bb‐12 and L. acidophilus La‐5 survived well, despite the significant differences between day 0 and day 90 of storage (P < 0.05). However, microencapsulation maintained the survival of probiotics by about 0.07 log CFU/g during the storage period. The use of Stevia and microencapsulation compared to other treatments significantly increased the log number of viable cells of B. bifidum Bb‐12 and L. acidophilus La‐5 during the storage time (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sensory and chemical properties of ice cream did not change significantly in all groups. In conclusion, the simultaneous utilisation of Stevia and microencapsulation is recommended for the survival of probiotics in ice cream or other dairy products.
Molecular mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sekino Yohei , Teishima Jun , Liang Gangning , Hinata Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Loss of von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene is frequently observed in ccRCC and increases the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factors and their targets, including epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet‐derived growth factor. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) offer a survival benefit in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced in mRCC. Combination therapy with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improved patient outcomes. Therefore, TKIs still play an essential role in mRCC treatment. However, the clinical utility of TKIs is compromised when primary and acquired resistance are encountered. The mechanism of resistance to TKI is not fully elucidated. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of resistance to TKIs and a potential strategy to overcome this resistance. We outlined the involvement of angiogenesis, non‐angiogenesis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, activating bypass pathways, lysosomal sequestration, non‐coding RNAs, epigenetic modifications and tumor microenvironment factors in the resistance to TKIs. Deep insight into the molecular mechanisms of resistance to TKIs will help to better understand the biology of RCC and can ultimately help in the development of more effective therapies.
Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022)
Authors: Zhu Peiyao , Qi Rui‐Qun , Yang Yang , Huo Wei , Zhang Yuqing , He Li , Wang Gang , Xu Jinhua , Zhang Furen , Yang Rongya , Tu Ping , Ma Lin , Liu Quanzhong , Li Yuzhen , Gu Heng , Cheng Bo , Chen Xiang , Chen Aijun , Xiao Shengxiang , Jin Hongzhong , Zhang Junling , Li Shanshan , Yao Zhirong , Pan Weihua , Yang Huilan , Shen Zhu , Cheng Hao , Song Ping , Fu Lingyu , Chen Hongxiang , Geng Songmei , Zeng Kang , Wang Jianjian , Tao Juan , Chen Yaolong , Wang Xiuli , Gao Xing‐Hua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimCutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus are benign proliferative lesions that occur at any ages in human lives. Updated, comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guidelines to guide clinical practice are urgently needed.MethodsWe collaborated with multidisciplinary experts to formulate this guideline based on evidences of already published literature, focusing on 13 clinical questions elected by a panel of experts. We adopted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to form classification of recommendations as well as the improved Delphi method to retain respective recommendations with a consensus degree of over 80%.ResultsOur guideline covered aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts such as diagnostic gold standard, transmission routes, laboratory tests, treatment principle, clinical cure criterion, definitions, and treatments of common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, condyloma acuminatum, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Recommendations about special population such as children and pregnant women are also listed. In total, 49 recommendations have been obtained.ConclusionsIt is a comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guideline and we hope this guideline could systematically and effectively guide the clinical practice of cutaneous warts and improve the overall levels of medical services.
Systematic evaluation and effect of different treatments (HMT, QESD, OSA) on flow properties of Chenopodium album starch
Authors: Singh Renuka , Singh Sukhcharn , Saxena Dharmesh Chandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigate the changes in the flow properties of Chenopodium album starch (CAS) after modification through quasi‐emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD), octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), and heat moisture treatment (HMT). The native starch's Carr's index (36.92%) and Hausner ratio (1.55) indicates poor flowability as compared to modified starch that shows fair flowability. The caking strength and cohesion index after modification decreased from 1072.67 to 222.00 g.mm and 15.37 to 8.48 g.mm, respectively. Shear properties assessed at three different pressures (3, 6 and 9 kPa) showed that native CAS was less flowable (COF 22.8 at 6 kPa) than modified (COF 26.9 at 6 kPa), making bulk handling harder. The surface roughness value of the powder as measured by atomic force microscopy was found to be lesser in modified starch (92.49 μm) in comparison to native starch (117.60 μm). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of spherical, smooth oval, and regular shaped starch particles after modification. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed an improvement in crystallinity from 20.01 to 29.86% after modification. Conclusively, QESD treatment significantly improved the flow properties of Chenopodium album starch in comparison of HMT and OSA treatment.Novelty impact statementDifferent treatments (HMT, QESD, and OSA) improved the flow properties by developing regular‐shaped, smooth surface, and larger starch particles with increased crystallinity. The changes in particle size distribution, particle shape, and surface roughness had a substantial impact on all flow parameters throughout a wide range of stress situations. The present research would be valuable in determining the impact of various climatic conditions on material flowability, which is an essential consideration when building processing equipment, hoppers, and silos for the bulk handling of starch.
Efficacy and safety of the innovative cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma technology in the treatment of keloid: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suwanchinda Atchima , Nararatwanchai Thamthiwat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKeloid (KD) treatment is challenging for both physicians and patients. It can be functional debilitating and psychologically distressing. Available current therapeutics modalities give inconsistently effective results.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of innovative cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology in the treatment of keloid.MethodsThis prospective, randomized control trial, the assessor‐blinded trial, includes 18 patients with keloids. The keloid lesion was divided into two halves. One side was randomly treated with CAP technology biweekly on the same treated side for five sessions with a follow‐up 30 days after finishing the final treatment. Another half was left untreated as a control. Efficacy assessment using POSAS, VSS, Patients' satisfaction scale, Antera 3D® skin imaging system. The safety assessment using VAS and adverse effects monitoring was completed.ResultsObjective assessment using Antera 3D® skin imaging system (Miravex, Dublin, Ireland) showed statistically significant improvement (p‐value <0.05) on the treated side compared with the untreated side in all parameters, color, melanin, hemoglobin, texture, except for volume. POSAS, patient, and observer overall opinion score, and patient and observer total score in the summary of all rated characteristics, comparing the treated and untreated areas, showed a statistically significant reduction in all parameters after two treatments (*p‐value <0.05). VSS showed statistically significant improvement after the second treatment and continued to the last follow‐up. Most patients rated satisfaction scales up to 72.2% as moderate improvement, 11.1% as great improvement, 11.1% as slight improvement, and 5.6% as no change. The adverse effect was only a small scab in one patient.ConclusionCAP technology could be considered an alternative treatment for keloid offering mild‐to‐moderate improvement with minimal side effects.
Future perspective safe cosmetics: Focused on associated with ISO natural organic index
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs we enter the era of long COVID, recent studies on the relationship between coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) and skin are being conducted from various angles. Awareness of the safety of healthy skin is increasing.ObjectivesTherefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed safe cosmetics, natural cosmetics, and organic cosmetics, which have recently become a critical issue.MethodsKeywords such as ‘long COVID’, ‘COVID‐19 Skin’, ‘ISO Natural Organic Index’, ‘edible’, ‘safe cosmetics’, ‘natural cosmetics’, and ‘organic cosmetics’ were searched and created. This study was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 689 papers were studied. This paper was successfully completed using a total of 41 references in this study using PRISMA flow diagram.ResultsIn the long COVID era, customers in the beauty and cosmetics market will have to apply ISO natural organic ingredients to the cosmetics and beauty industry, reflecting consumer demand for edible ingredients for safety issues. Therefore, it will be able to provide new strategy and implications for a safer cosmetic market that values health and beauty.ConclusionTherefore, in this literature review, interest in skin has increased due to the long corona, and it was determined that changes in the cosmetic market would be necessary by using the ISO natural organic index for the consumer's desire for healthy skin. Therefore, in this article, in the future development of eco‐friendly organic cosmetics, in line with the natural and environment‐friendly changes reminiscent of the efficacy or ingredients of products, it is necessary to develop cosmetics using the ISO natural organic index that meets the needs of consumers and a differentiated strategy.
Vaccination under pessimistic expectations in clinical trials and immunization campaigns
Authors: d'Albis Hippolyte , Etner Johanna , Thuilliez Josselin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe provide one of the first formalizations of a vaccination campaign in a decision‐theoretic framework. We analyze a model where an ambiguity‐averse individual must decide how much effort to invest into prevention in the context of a rampant disease. We study how ambiguity aversion affects the effort and the estimation of the vaccine efficacy in clinical trials and immunization campaigns. We find that the behaviors of individuals participating in a clinical trial differ from individuals not participating. Individuals who are more optimistic toward vaccination participate more in trials. Their behaviors and efforts are also affected. As a result, because vaccine efficacy depends on unobserved behaviors and efforts, the biological effect of the vaccine becomes difficult to evaluate. During the scale‐up phase of a vaccination campaign, provided that vaccine efficacy is established, we show that vaccine hesitancy may still be rational.