bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar‐based land development
Authors: Dwibedi Sanat Kumar , Pandey Vimal Chandra , Divyasree Donakonda , Bajpai Omesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiochar or pyrogenic carbon, obtained from the thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass in an anaerobic or oxygen‐limited environment, has been in use in agriculture perhaps as far back as the Neolithic. Its unique soil‐ameliorating properties render it suitable for environmental remediation as well as sustainable crop production. It improves soil physicochemical properties and plant nutrient availability, reduces toxic chemical load, facilitates biodiversity, and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases thereby subsiding global warming. The application of biochar can reduce soil erosion, improve soil hydrological properties, and help soil microbial dynamics. It has synergistic effects on plant growth, disease‐pest resistance, and crop yield per unit area and time. Due to its soil‐ameliorative effects and soil and water‐conserving ability, it can be used beneficially in organic farming, permaculture, dryland farming, conservation agriculture, and land remediation. Cheaper production cost, simple, and easy pyrolytic technologies, easy availability of feedstock and bio‐wastes in many developing countries, and its long‐term effects on soil not only build up the soil carbon pool but also help support small and marginal farmers in resource‐rich but economically deprived countries for sustainable agriculture and land development. In this review, efforts have been made to elucidate various uses of biochar, its characteristics and applications effects on soil systems, land development, and sustainable agricultural production toward achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs).
The multivisit drone routing problem with edge launches: An iterative approach with discrete and continuous improvements
Authors: Masone Adriano , Poikonen Stefan , Golden Bruce L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the usage of drones in last‐mile logistics has stirred great interest in the operations research community. Many papers have considered schemes of hybrid truck‐and‐drone delivery. In this paper, we focus on the Multivisit Drone Routing Problem with Edge Launches (MVDRP‐EL) which assumes: a heterogenous set of packages, a drone capable of carrying multiple packages at a time and that can be launched and retrieved along an edge, a flexible launch/retrieval site set, and a user‐defined energy depletion function. We believe this paper is the first to exploit edge launch ability through a global continuous approach. In this context, we propose an original formulation based on the Covering Salesman Problem to compute a valid lower bound for the problem and an iterative solution method to determine a MVDRP‐EL solution with quality launch/retrieval sites along the road network edges. Each iteration of the solution method consists of two phases. In the first phase, the road network edges are discretized to obtain launch/retrieval sites, and a first solution is determined. In the second phase, the truck route is set and we reduce the completion time by carefully synchronizing truck and drone routes by solving an original Mixed Integer Second Order Cone Program. The lower bound formulation and the proposed method have been tested on several instances and results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the potential value of launching along an edge, respectively.
Flame retardant and mechanical properties of core‐shell‐like polybutylene terephthalate/intumescent flame retardant through controlling injection time
Authors: Li Zhengqiu , Li Jianbin , Chen Yueling , Ye Jingbiao , Song Xiangqian , Jin Ying , Wu Ting , Chen Baoshu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study prepared layered intumescent flame retardant (IFR)‐graphene oxide (GO) via the esterification of GO and IFR. Then the distribution of IFR‐GO in polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) was regulated via an injection molding process, while the tensile strength and combustion were explored. The results showed that the flame retardant distribution in PBT presented high external concentrations and low internal concentrations when the injection time was reduced. The lowest flame retardant content of 20 wt% was evident at an injection time of 2 s while displaying a high limiting oxygen index of 27.1. Although this resulted in a V‐0 flame‐retardant level, the mechanical properties were not affected. Therefore, the flame retardant was proportionately reduced by a shorter injection time to form a concentration gradient core‐shell‐like macrostructure, significantly increasing the flame‐resistant efficiency while retaining the mechanical properties.
Age‐stratified distress thermometers with Worry and Learning problem domains for the paediatric oncology population: Development and validation
Authors: Cuffe Ray , Norman Catherine , Haeems Gabriella , Spicer Lucy , Mohammed Kabir , Rodger Melanie , Edwards Lesley 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term psychological/neuro‐psychological sequalae for a minority of survivors of childhood cancer are considerable. This project aims to develop and validate a psychosocial and memory/learning distress thermometer (DT) for paediatric/young adult cancer patients.MethodsPilot/Development Age‐appropriate versions of the DT were developed. A pilot study tested acceptability, usability, and design.ValidationSeven collaborating paediatric‐oncology centres with 549 participants validated the DT against Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and Hospital Anxiety and depression scale (HADS) for psychological issues, Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) for memory/learning issues, PedsQL and SF‐8 measured quality of life.ResultsUsing a cut‐off of four, sensitivity against SDQ for under 18 was 75.8%, 18plus against HADS was 94.1%. The specificity was 53.3% against the SDQ for the 18plus specificity against the HADS was 47.1%. The sensitivity against the HUI2 for all age groups was 89.0% specificity was 70.3%.ConclusionThe DT is a valid and reliable measure screening instrument. It can be used to identify early on those experiencing psychological distress and memory problems.
A feasibility trial of genomics‐based diagnosis detecting insecticide resistance of the diamondback moth
Authors: Yamanaka Takehiko , Kitabayashi Satoshi , Jouraku Akiya , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Kuwazaki Seigo , Sudo Masaaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance management has been key for crop protection for over 70 years and is increasingly important because the development of new active ingredients has decreased in recent years. By monitoring the development of resistance in a timely manner, we can effectively prolong insecticide efficacy. Genomic‐based diagnosis can reliably predict resistance development if information on resistant mutations against major pesticides is available. Here, we developed a feasibility trial of genomics‐based diagnosis of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) populations in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Amplicon sequencing analyses using a next‐generation sequencer (Illumina MiSeq) for major insecticides, including diamides, pyrethroids, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (Cry1Ac), organophosphates, and spinosyns, were conducted.RESULTSMutations related to the resistance of pyrethroids, organophosphates, and diamides (flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole) prevailed, while those of a diamide (cyantraniliprole), Bt (Cry1Ac), and spinosyns were scanty, suggesting that they are still effective. The results of the genomics‐based diagnosis were generally concordant with the results of bioassays. Resistance development tendencies were generally uniform across Nagano.CONCLUSIONAn insecticide‐resistance management campaign can be conducted in Nagano Prefecture with a quick genomic‐based diagnosis in early spring while bioassay is the only option for monitoring resistances whose mutations are unavailable. Our study is the first step in the future management of insecticide resistance in all significant pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Process‐oriented stochastic perturbations applied to the parametrization of turbulence and shallow convection for ensemble prediction
Authors: Fleury Axelle , Bouttier François , Couvreux Fleur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWeather forecasting nowadays often requires some estimation of uncertainties associated with the output of meteorological models, in order to better inform decision making, especially in the context of intense weather events. Ensemble prediction systems provide such information through sets of possible scenarios which are designed to represent various uncertainty sources, including model uncertainties. A wide variety of methods have been proposed to estimate model uncertainties, among which perturbation methods targeting uncertain processes are a promising research field. In this study, we focus on the representation of small‐scale variability by process‐oriented perturbation schemes applied to two key physical processes, namely turbulence and shallow convection. The perturbations are applied to a single‐column version of the convection‐permitting AROME model, in three idealized boundary‐layer cases. Large‐eddy simulations (LESs) of the same cases serve as a reference for the subgrid variability that has to be represented, and the results are also compared to those given by the Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization Tendencies (SPPT) method, which is a method commonly used by weather forecast centres to represent model uncertainty. The spread produced by our process‐oriented perturbations of turbulence and shallow convection does not represent all the small‐scale variability implied by the LESs for temperature and humidity. However, it is of a similar order of magnitude for the wind, thanks to perturbations generated by the stochastic turbulence scheme. The dispersion is structurally different from what is obtained with SPPT. It is non‐negligible in the lower levels, where SPPT perturbations are usually suppressed because of numerical instabilities, indicating a possible complementarity between the schemes.
Observer‐based adaptive control of cooperative multiple manipulators using the Mastroianni operators as uncertainty approximator
Authors: Deylami Ali , Izadbakhsh Alireza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the multi‐objective problem of pose and force control in a cooperative system comprised of multiplen‐degree‐of‐freedom (n‐DOF) robotic arms that move a payload. The proposed controller should be capable of maintaining the position and orientation of the payload in the desired path. In addition, the force exerted by robot end‐effectors on the object must remain limited. The system has unmodeled dynamics, and measuring the robot joint velocities is impossible. In other words, joint positions are the only measured states. Therefore, a Mastroianni operator‐based observer is first designed to estimate the uncertainty and velocities based on its universal approximation property. Then, using these estimations, a feedback controller is proposed to establish a robust and precise tracking performance. The stability of this system is confirmed based on Lyapunov's stability theorem. This article is the first study on utilizing the adaptive form of Mastroianni operators in robust adaptive controller design. Moreover, the introduced structure is regressor‐free and does not depend on velocity measurements. Finally, the proposed adaptive observer‐controller is applied on two 3‐DOF cooperative robotic arms carrying a payload, and the results are precisely analyzed. The results of the proposed approach are also compared with a state‐of‐art powerful approximation method.
A multi‐perspective composite assessment framework for prioritizing targets of sustainable development goals
Authors: Huan Yizhong , Wang Lingqing , Burgman Mark , Li Haitao , Yu Yurong , Zhang Jianpeng , Liang Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets proposed in 2015 are wide ranging and achieving them before 2030 may require extraordinarily high costs. Prioritizing a more manageable and logical sequence of SDGs targets based on national conditions is critical to reduce the complexity of SDGs, lower costs, ensure transitions are efficient, and accelerate implementation. Researchers have proposed a range of methods to rank the prioritizations of SDGs from different perspectives. Unfortunately, prioritizations of SDGs arising from different methods are not entirely consistent due to the limitations of each method. Therefore, an integrated methodological framework is required to reconcile these inconsistencies. To fill this research gap, we synthesized several methods to create a new composite assessment framework to prioritize SDGs targets. The framework consists of assessment models from three perspectives, including the impact of targets in a network composed of the interactions between targets, the gap between the targets' current and ideal performances, and the urgency of improving participation by government and society in achieving the targets. We then tested the effectiveness of this assessment framework empirically by ranking prioritizations for six targets of SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation) in Southeast Asia. Empirical results show that target 6.5 has the highest priority, followed by targets 6.4 and 6.6, while the lowest ranking target is 6.1. Finally, we outlined the advantages and limitations of each assessment method to assist stakeholders in using and broadening this composite assessment framework in the future.
Evaluating the Narrative Authenticity of Informational Nonfiction for Children
Authors: Dávila Denise , Elovich Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn informational texts, when the identities of the narrators are inconsistent with the identities of the writers, can such text be classified as nonfiction? In this article, we examine the relationship between the writer and the narrator of informational nonfiction books in alignment with the ELA Common Core State Standards for reading in grades K – 5. We discuss a trade book series that is widely distributed and accepted as nonfiction even when the narrator’s age, ethnicity, and identities significantly differ from the writer. Specifically, we describe our approach to evaluating the “Holidays Around the World” series published by National Geographic, one of the most widely recognized and trusted brands in children’s nonfiction.
The business model and strategies of digital labour platforms
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores some of the key features of the digital labour platform business model, including algorithmic management of work, the revenue model and business strategies. It also reviews the rules of governance, which are unilaterally set by the platforms. The analysis draws on the terms of service agreements of 31 major platforms and semi‐structured interviews with representatives of 16 online web‐based and location‐based platforms.
Discovering functional motifs in long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Ross Caroline Jane , Ulitsky Igor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are products of pervasive transcription that closely resemble messenger RNAs on the molecular level, yet function through largely unknown modes of action. The current model is that the function of lncRNAs often relies on specific, typically short, conserved elements, connected by linkers in which specific sequences and/or structures are less important. This notion has fueled the development of both computational and experimental methods focused on the discovery of functional elements within lncRNA genes, based on diverse signals such as evolutionary conservation, predicted structural elements, or the ability to rescue loss‐of‐function phenotypes. In this review, we outline the main challenges that the different methods need to overcome, describe the recently developed approaches, and discuss their respective limitations.This article is categorized under:
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Inverse Opal‐Structured Sn and Sn/Ge Films from Soluble Zintl Clusters as Precursors
Authors: Geier S. , Kratky T. , Günther S. , Fässler T. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTin and mixed tin/germanium thin films hold great potential for a variety of different applications such as anodes for lithium ion batteries or optical components in new LED developments. While the physical and chemical properties of these materials are promising, the fabrication of nanostructures with tunable composition and electronic properties is eminently important to overcome several problems in application. In this work we report on the preparation and characterization of inverse opal‐structured Sn and Sn/Ge thin films with a pore size of 200 nm on a wide variety of substrates obtained by a simple, up‐scalable wet‐chemical synthetic route involving soluble [Sn9]4−, [Ge9]4− and mixed Sn/Ge Zintl clusters. The resulting honeycomb structures are characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Their porous structure and tuneable composition makes them attractive candidates for electrochemical applications such as anode materials.
Heptagon functions and seven-gluon amplitudes in multi-Regge kinematics
Authors: Dixon Lance J. , Liu Yu-Ting , Miczajka Julian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We compute all 2 → 5 gluon scattering amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory in the multi-Regge limit that is sensitive to the non-trivial (“long”) Regge cut. We provide the amplitudes through four loops and to all logarithmic accuracy at leading power, in terms of single-valued multiple polylogarithms of two variables. To obtain these results, we leverage the function-level results for the amplitudes in the Steinmann cluster bootstrap. To high powers in the series expansion in the two variables, our results agree with the recently conjectured all-order central emission vertex used in the Fourier-Mellin representation of amplitudes in multi-Regge kinematics. Our results therefore provide a resummation of the Fourier-Mellin residues into single-valued polylogarithms, and constitute an important cross-check between the bootstrap approach and the all-orders multi-Regge proposal.
Transient nuclear lamin A/C accretion aids in recovery from vapor nanobubble-induced permeabilisation of the plasma membrane
Authors: Houthaeve Gaëlle , García-Díaz Barriga Gerardo , Stremersch Stephan , De Keersmaecker Herlinde , Fraire Juan , Vandesompele Jo , Mestdagh Pieter , De Smedt Stefaan , Braeckmans Kevin , De Vos Winnok H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation is a physical method for intracellular delivery that has gained significant interest in the past decade. It has successfully been used to introduce molecular cargo of diverse nature into different cell types with high throughput and minimal cytotoxicity. For translational purposes, it is important to understand whether and how photoporation affects cell homeostasis. To obtain a comprehensive view on the transcriptional rewiring that takes place after VNB photoporation, we performed a longitudinal shotgun RNA-sequencing experiment. Six hours after photoporation, we found a marked upregulation ofLMNAtranscripts as well as their protein products, the A-type lamins. At the same time point, we observed a significant increase in several heterochromatin marks, suggesting a global stiffening of the nucleus. These molecular features vanished 24 h after photoporation. Since VNB-induced chromatin condensation was prolonged inLMNAknockout cells, A-type lamins may be required for restoring the nucleus to its original state. Selective depletion of A-type lamins reduced cell viability after VNB photoporation, while pharmacological stimulation ofLMNAtranscription increased the percentage of successfully transfected cells that survived after photoporation. Therefore, our results suggest that cells respond to VNB photoporation by temporary upregulation of A-type lamins to facilitate their recovery.
A novel diabetes typology: towards precision diabetology from pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Herder Christian , Roden Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current classification of diabetes, based on hyperglycaemia, islet-directed antibodies and some insufficiently defined clinical features, does not reflect differences in aetiological mechanisms and in the clinical course of people with diabetes. This review discusses evidence from recent studies addressing the complexity of diabetes by proposing novel subgroups (subtypes) of diabetes. The most widely replicated and validated approach identified, in addition to severe autoimmune diabetes, four subgroups designated severe insulin-deficient diabetes, severe insulin-resistant diabetes, mild obesity-related diabetes and mild age-related diabetes subgroups. These subgroups display distinct patterns of clinical features, disease progression and onset of comorbidities and complications, with severe insulin-resistant diabetes showing the highest risk for cardiovascular, kidney and fatty liver diseases. While it has been suggested that people in these subgroups would benefit from stratified treatments, RCTs are required to assess the clinical utility of any reclassification effort. Several methodological and practical issues also need further study: the statistical approach used to define subgroups and derive recommendations for diabetes care; the stability of subgroups over time; the optimal dataset (e.g. phenotypic vs genotypic) for reclassification; the transethnic generalisability of findings; and the applicability in clinical routine care. Despite these open questions, the concept of a new classification of diabetes has already allowed researchers to gain more insight into the colourful picture of diabetes and has stimulated progress in this field so that precision diabetology may become reality in the future.
Graphical abstract
Solubilization of struvite and biorecovery of cerium by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kang Xia , Csetenyi Laszlo , Gao Xiang , Gadd Geoffrey Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cerium has many modern applications such as in renewable energies and the biosynthesis of nanomaterials. In this research, natural struvite was solubilized by Aspergillus niger and the biomass-free struvite leachate was investigated for its ability to recover cerium. It was shown that struvite was completed solubilized following 2 weeks of fungal growth, which released inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the mineral by the production of oxalic acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that crystals with distinctive morphologies were formed in the natural struvite leachate after mixing with Ce3+. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of cerium phosphate hydrate [Ce(PO4)·H2O] at lower Ce concentrations and a mixture of phosphate and cerium oxalate decahydrate [Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O] at higher Ce concentrations. The formation of these biogenic Ce minerals leads to the removal of > 99% Ce from solution. Thermal decomposition experiments showed that the biogenic Ce phosphates could be transformed into a mixture of CePO4 and CeO2 (cerianite) after heat treatment at 1000 °C. These results provide a new perspective of the fungal biotransformation of soluble REE species using struvite leachate, and also indicate the potential of using the recovered REE as biomaterial precursors with possible applications in the biosynthesis of novel nanomaterials, elemental recycling and biorecovery.

Key points
• Cerium was recovered using a struvite leachate produced by A. niger.
• Oxalic acid played a major role in struvite solubilization and Ce phosphate biorecovery.
• Resulting nanoscale mineral products could serve as a precursor for Ce oxide synthesis.