bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pectolinarigenin reduces the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and cellular lipid levels
Authors: Zhang Yutao , Wan Changjian , Song Zijie , Meng Wei , Wang Songhua , Lan Zhou 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Sterol regulatory element–binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that have important roles in the genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. In this study, it was found that the flavonoid pectolinarigenin, reduced the activity of SRE-containing fatty acid synthase (FAS) promoter and the mRNA expressions of SREBP target genes in human hepatoma (Huh-7) cells. Moreover, compared with other flavonoids, pectolinarigenin reduced the mature forms of SREBPs in a dose-dependent manner. The insulin-induced gene (INSIG) and proteasome were not involved in the pectolinarigenin-mediated reduction of mature forms of SREBPs. Pectolinarigenin also reduced the lipid contents in vitro. These results suggest that pectolinarigenin may inhibit lipogenesis through suppressing SREBP activity, at least partially, via the formation of SREBPs mature forms, thereby reducing the expression of their downstream genes related to lipogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how pectolinarigenin affects cellular lipid levels by affecting SREBPs.
Reflecting on community development research: how peer researchers influence and shape community action projects
Authors: Arnull Elaine , Kanjilal Mahuya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper explores how the selection of peer researchers influences and shapes peer research projects. It draws on two empirical studies formed from two community action projects in England. Peer research is a method for involving young people as coresearchers within their community or in specific settings such as educational environments and the two projects recruited school children of different ages and ethnic backgrounds; in both cases they were representative of the potential participant population. One project (Community House) was based in a junior school setting and concentrated on evaluating a community centre project. The second project (Knife Angel: Hear My Voice) was a youth work setting and brought together a group of young people to explore an intervention aimed at impacting crime and violence in the local community.
This paper discusses how the demographic characteristics of the peer researchers shaped, influenced and impacted the success of both community action projects. We discuss how children and young people bring their unique skills to preparing the questionnaire and dissemination. Using researcher reflexivity, we consider the methodological implications of the findings and contribute to theory building about community action and the impact of participatory research.
Presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies Among Vietnamese Healthcare Workers by Dosing Interval for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine
Authors: Vu Dien M , Vu Diep T B , Do Thuy T T , Olmsted Allison E , Dao Bach H , Thai Truc T , Nguyen Chi L , Le Nhung T T , Le Tuan A , Bui Hien T T , Pham Thach N , Moore Matthew R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Before the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant arrived in Vietnam, case rates suggested seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was low. Beginning in March 2021, we assessed different dosing schedules and adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study to estimate the prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 before and after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. We conducted antibody testing among HCWs in February 2021 (baseline), before the second dose (June–July 2021), and 1 and 3 months after the second dose. We detected antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using Tetracore® FlexImmArray™, and surrogate neutralizing antibodies using GenScript cPass™. Neither assay can distinguish natural from vaccine-induced antibodies. We assessed AEFIs through interview post–dose 1 and 1 month post–dose 2.

Results
Before vaccination, 1/617 participants (0.16%) had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Of these 617, 405 were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with 4–8- (60%), 9–12- (27%), or ≥13-week (13%) intervals between the 2 doses. Three months following series completion, 99% and 97% of vaccinated participants had ≥1 sample with detectable antibodies and surrogate neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. We observed no significant differences among those with different dosing intervals at last follow-up. All participants reported PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 during the study; 2 (0.5%) were laboratory-confirmed. AEFIs were more frequent post–dose 1 (81%) vs post–dose 2 (21%).

Conclusions
In this population, regardless of dosing interval, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced antibodies within 3 months of the second dose. These findings may offer flexibility to policymakers when balancing programmatic considerations with vaccine effectiveness.
Improved anastomotic leakage rates after the “flap and wrap” reconstruction in Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Slaman Annelijn E , Eshuis Wietse J , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Gisbertz Suzanne S 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy has serious consequences. In Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, a shorter and possibly better vascularized gastric conduit is created than in McKeown esophagectomy. Intrathoracic anastomoses can additionally be wrapped in omentum and concealed behind the pleura (“flap and wrap” reconstruction). Aims of this observational study were to assess the anastomotic leakage incidence after transhiatal esophagectomy (THE), McKeown esophagectomy (McKeown), Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (IL) without “flap and wrap” reconstruction, and IL with “flap and wrap” reconstruction. Consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy at a tertiary referral center between January 2013 and April 2019 were included. Primary outcome was the anastomotic leakage rate. Secondary outcomes were postoperative outcomes, mortality, and 3-year overall survival. A total of 463 patients were included. The anastomotic leakage incidence after THE (n = 37), McKeown (n = 97), IL without “flap and wrap” reconstruction (n = 39), and IL with “flap and wrap” reconstruction (n = 290) were 24.3, 32.0, 28.2, and 7.2% (P &lt; 0.001). THE and IL with “flap and wrap” reconstruction required fewer reoperations for anastomotic leakage (0 and 1.4%) than McKeown and IL without “flap and wrap” reconstruction (6.2 and 17.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Fewer anastomotic leakages are observed after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with “flap and wrap” reconstruction compared to transhiatal, McKeown and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy without “flap and wrap” reconstruction. The “flap and wrap” reconstruction seems a promising technique to further reduce anastomotic leakages and its severity in esophageal cancer patients who have an indication for Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
Older People’s Neighborhood Perceptions Are Related to Social and Emotional Loneliness and Mediated by Social Network Type
Authors: Stephens Christine , Phillips Hannah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Loneliness among older people is a public health issue; however, there is very weak support for the efficacy of individually focused interventions. A public health model, which includes the environmental influence on the formation of social networks and protection from loneliness, and theoretical approaches differentiating between social and emotional loneliness, suggest the importance of neighborhoods in preventing loneliness. This approach was used to test the influence of neighborhood factors on loneliness and the mediating role of social networks.

Research Design and Methods
A questionnaire survey of 917 people aged 60–100 years was conducted in one region of Aotearoa/New Zealand to assess loneliness, social network types, social participation, marital status, gender, health, and four aspects of neighborhood perceptions.

Results
Social and emotional loneliness scores were regressed on predicted demographic and social variables, followed by perceptions of Housing Satisfaction, Neighborhood Accessibility, Neighborhood Security, and Neighborhood Social Cohesion. Neighborhood variables added significant explanation of variance in both social and emotional loneliness. Mediation tests using PROCESS showed that the effects of all neighborhood variables were mediated by Private-Restricted or Locally Integrated Network types on Social Loneliness only.

Discussion and Implications
These findings highlight the importance of neighborhood factors in relation to feelings of loneliness and the recognition of social network types as mediators of these relationships for social loneliness. The aspects of neighborhoods that prevent loneliness provide directions for planners and prevention programs. Interventions to prevent social loneliness can usefully and practicably focus on the housing and neighborhood environment.
High Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 After UB-612 Vaccine Booster
Authors: Guirakhoo Farshad , Wang Shixia , Wang Chang Yi , Kuo Hui Kai , Peng Wen Jiun , Liu Hope , Wang Lixia , Johnson Marina , Hunt Adam , Hu Mei Mei , Monath Thomas P , Rumyantsev Alexander , Goldblatt David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has caused high rates of breakthrough infections in those previously vaccinated with ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that a booster dose of UB-612 vaccine candidate delivered 7–9 months after primary vaccination increased neutralizing antibody levels by 131-, 61-, and 49-fold against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, respectively. Based on the receptor-binding domain protein binding antibody responses, the UB-612 third-dose booster may lead to an estimated approximately 95% efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the ancestral strain. Our results support UB-612 as a potential potent booster against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of piperacillin/tazobactam versus meropenem against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in a hollow-fibre infection model
Authors: Islam Kamrul , Sime Fekade B , Wallis Steven C , Bauer Michelle J , Forde Brian M , Harris Patrick , Shirin Tahmina , Habib Zakir H , Flora Meerjady S , Roberts Jason A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Urosepsis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing worldwide. Carbapenems are commonly recommended for the treatment of ESBL infections; however, to minimize the emergence of carbapenem resistance, interest in alternative treatments has heightened.

Objectives
This study compared pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam versus meropenem against ESBL-producing and non-producing E. coli clinical isolates.

Methods
E. coli isolates, obtained from national reference laboratory in Bangladesh, were characterized by phenotypic tests, WGS, susceptibility tests and mutant frequency analysis. Three ESBL-producing and two non-producing E. coli were exposed to piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5 g, every 6 h and every 8 h, 30 min infusion) and meropenem (1 g, every 8 h, 30 min infusion) in a hollow-fibre infection model over 7 days.

Results
Piperacillin/tazobactam regimens attained ∼4–5 log10 cfu/mL bacterial killing within 24 h and prevented resistance emergence over the experiment against ESBL-producing and non-producing E. coli. However, compared with 8 hourly meropenem, the 6 hourly piperacillin/tazobactam attained ∼1 log10 lower bacterial kill against one of three ESBL-producing E. coli (CTAP#173) but comparable killing for the other two ESBL-producing (CTAP#168 and CTAP#169) and two non-producing E. coli (CTAP#179 and CTAP#180). The 6 hourly piperacillin/tazobactam regimen attained ∼1 log10 greater bacterial kill compared with the 8 hourly regimen against CTAP#168 and CTAP#179 at 24 h.

Conclusions
Our study suggests piperacillin/tazobactam may be a potential alternative to carbapenems to treat urosepsis caused by ESBL-producing E. coli, although clinical trials with robust design are needed to confirm non-inferiority of outcome.
Identification of Chemical Constituents in Zhizhu Pills Based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE
Authors: Zheng Wei , Gao Ruxi , Wang Fanyi , Shan Guoshun , Gao Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Zhizhu pills (ZZP) are a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, mainly used for clinically treating digestive diseases such as functional dyspepsia, constipation, and peptic ulcer. However, the chemical constituents of ZZP have rarely been reported.

Objective
To establish an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) method for the identification of chemical constituents in ZZP, including individual herbs and a complicated Chinese medicinal formula.

Methods
The extracts of ZZP and its individual herb samples were analyzed by a UPLC-QTOF-MSE method on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm id, 1.8 μm particle size) using a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile - 0.1% formic acid water (v/v) at a constant flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. With the MSE technique, both precursor ion and fragmentation information of compounds can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between low and high collision energy during a single chromatographic run. The data were analyzed on UNIFI.

Results
A total of 154 compounds, including 67 flavonoids, 17 coumarins, 11 terpenoids, 10 alkaloids, six limonoids, six sequiterpene lactones, and 37 other components, were ultimately identified based on accurate masses and fragmentation patterns in ZZP and its individual herbs.

Conclusions
This paper summarized fragmentation patterns of flavonoids, sequiterpene lactones, alkaloids, coumarins, and limonoids. A rapid, accurate, and comprehensive UPLC-QTOF-MSE method has been developed for the identification of chemical compounds and applied to simultaneously evaluate the quality and effectiveness of ZZP.

Highlights
A total of 154 compounds were ultimately identified in ZZP and its individual herbs by UPLC-QTOF-MSE; the fragmentation patterns of flavonoids, sequiterpene lactones, alkaloids, coumarins, and limonoids in ZZP and its individual herbs are summarized.
How copper can impact pig growth: comparing the effect of copper sulfate and monovalent copper oxide on oxidative status, inflammation, gene abundance, and microbial modulation as potential mechanisms of action
Authors: Forouzandeh Asal , Blavi Laia , Pérez Jose Francisco , D’Angelo Matilde , González-Solé Francesc , Monteiro Alessandra , Stein Hans H , Solà-Oriol David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe beneficial effect of elevated concentrations of copper (Cu) on growth performance of pigs has been already demonstrated; however, their mechanism of action is not fully discovered. The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of including Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO4) or monovalent copper oxide (Cu2O) in the diet of growing pigs on oxidative stress, inflammation, gene abundance, and microbial modulation. We used 120 pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 11.5 ± 0.98 kg in 2 blocks of 60 pigs, 3 dietary treatments, 5 pigs per pen, and 4 replicate pens per treatment within each block for a total of 8 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included the negative control (NC) diet containing 20 mg Cu/kg and 2 diets in which 250 mg Cu/kg from CuSO4 or Cu2O was added to the NC. On day 28, serum samples were collected from one pig per pen and this pig was then euthanized to obtain liver samples for the analysis of oxidative stress markers (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde, MDA). Serum samples were analyzed for cytokines. Jejunum tissue and colon content were collected and used for transcriptomic analyses and microbial characterization, respectively. Results indicated that there were greater (P &lt; 0.05) MDA levels in the liver of pigs fed the diet with 250 mg/kg CuSO4 than in pigs fed the other diets. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing CuSO4 compared with pigs fed the NC diet or the diet with 250 mg Cu/kg from Cu2O. Pigs fed diets containing CuSO4 or Cu2O had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of genes related to the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport, but a lower (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of pro-inflammatory genes compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Supplementing diets with CuSO4 or Cu2O also increased (P &lt; 0.05) the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the abundance of the Rikenellaceae family, Campylobacter, and Streptococcus genera in the colon of pigs. In conclusion, adding 250 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4 or Cu2O regulates genes abundance in charge of the immune system and growth, and promotes changes in the intestinal microbiota; however, Cu2O induces less systemic oxidation and inflammation compared with CuSO4.
Lost in Transition: A Significant Correction in Aldus Manutius’s Psalterion (1496/98)
Authors: Della Rocca De Candal Geri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aldus Manutius (c. 1450–1515), one of the best-known printers of Renaissance Venice, was very eager to promote his editions as offering the highest editorial and typographical standards. But not even Aldus was immune to misprinting: in his Greek Psalterion (1496/98), for instance, an entire line of text went missing between gatherings. The error was spotted while the sheets were still being printed, resulting in two major types of corrections: stop-press (c. 15%), and manuscript (c. 85%), with the latter type often—but not always—in Aldus’s own hand. The article examines the actions taken by the Aldine press to tackle this major misprint, and address the question of how typographical flaws help us understand early printing practices.
Spectrum synthesis for radially pulsating stars with shocked atmospheres
Authors: Jeffery C Simon 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
spec_puls describes a suite of computer programs to simulate the emergent spectrum from a radially pulsating star. It combines a Christy-type non-linear pulsation code with classical stellar atmosphere codes. The principal aim is to interpret the dynamical spectrum of the radially pulsating extreme helium star V652 Herculis (V652 Her), which shows a strong shock at minimum radius. The components are general enough to treat other classes of radial pulsation. The theoretical spectrum from a shocked pulsation model shows line doubling, with the blue component emerging at standstill velocity and accelerating blueward. The doubling phase depends on line depth and parent ion. The behaviour of line cores post-shock points to a drop in the ionization temperature, although the gas temperature in the model remains high. Shock compression leads to phase-dependent strengthening of Stark-broadened line wings, with the far wings responding first. With velocity-, temperature-, and pressure-sensitive diagnostics, detailed tomography of the pulsation-driven shock in V652 Her seems possible. Even when no shock is present, the dynamical spectrum is significantly different from a model in hydrostatic equilibrium. Using the quasi-static approximation (e.g. at maximum radius) may lead to a considerable underestimate of the star’s mean effective temperature and surface gravity.
Gamma-ray light curves and spectra of classical novae
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Siegert Thomas 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The nucleosynthesis in classical novae, in particular that of radioactive isotopes, is directly measurable by its γ-ray signature. Despite decades of observations, MeV γ-rays from novae have never been detected – neither individually at the time of the explosion, nor as a result of radioactive decay, nor the diffuse Galactic emission from the nova population. Thanks to recent developments in modelling of instrumental background for MeV telescopes such as INTEGRAL/SPI and Fermi/GBM, the prospects to finally detect these elusive transients are greatly enhanced. This demands for updated and refined models of γ-ray spectra and light curves of classical novae. In this work, we develop numerical models of nova explosions using sub- and near-Chandrasekhar CO white dwarfs as the progenitor. We study the parameter dependence of the explosions, their thermodynamics and energetics, as well as their chemical abundance patterns. We use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to compute γ-ray light curves and spectra, with a focus on the early time evolution. We compare our results to previous studies and find that the expected 511-keV-line flash at the time of the explosion is heavily suppressed, showing a maximum flux of only $10^{-9}\, \mathrm{ph\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ and thus making it at least one million times fainter than estimated before. This finding would render it impossible for current MeV instruments to detect novae within the first day after the outburst. Nevertheless, our time-resolved spectra can be used for retrospective analyses of archival data, thereby improving the sensitivity of the instruments.
Excess Mortality Attributable to Hospital-Acquired Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Lim Cherry , Teparrukkul Prapit , Nuntalohit Somboon , Boonsong Somsamai , Nilsakul Jiraphorn , Srisamang Pramot , Sartorius Benn , White Nicholas J , Day Nicholas P J , Cooper Ben S , Limmathurotsakul Direk 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Quantifying the excess mortality attributable to antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections is important for assessing the potential benefit of preventive interventions and for prioritization of resources. However, there are few data from low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
We conducted a 2-year prospective surveillance study to estimate the excess mortality attributable to AMR infections for all types of hospital-acquired infection (HAI), and included bacterial species that were both locally relevant and included in the World Health Organization priority list. Twenty-eight-day mortality was measured. Excess mortality and population attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality caused by AMR infections compared to antimicrobial-susceptible (AMS) infections, adjusted for predefined confounders, were calculated.

Results
We enrolled 2043 patients with HAIs. The crude 28-day mortality of patients with AMR and AMS infections was 35.5% (491/1385) and 23.1% (152/658), respectively. After adjusting for prespecified confounders, the estimated excess mortality attributable to AMR infections was 7.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–13.2) percentage points. This suggests that 106 (95% CI, 30–182) deaths among 1385 patients with AMR infections might have been prevented if all of the AMR infections in this study were AMS infections. The overall PAF was 16.3% (95% CI, 1.2%–29.1%). Among the bacteria under evaluation, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was responsible for the largest number of excess deaths. Among all types of infection, urinary tract infections were associated with the highest number of excess deaths, followed by lower respiratory tract infections and bloodstream infections.

Conclusions
Estimating and monitoring excess mortality attributable to AMR infections should be included in national action plans to prioritize targets of preventive interventions.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03411538.