bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity testing of the medicines related - consultation assessment tool for assessing pharmacists’ consultations
Authors: Middleton Helen , Grimes Lesley , Willis Sarah C. , Steinke Douglas , Shaw Matthew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Demonstrating a person-centred approach in a consultation is a key component of delivering high-quality healthcare. To support development of such an approach requires training underpinned by valid assessment tools. Given the lack of a suitable pharmacy-specific tool, a new global consultation skills assessment tool: the medicines related-consultation assessment tool (MR-CAT) was designed and tested.

Aim
This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the MR-CAT using psychometric methods.

Method
Psychometric testing involved analysis of participants’ (n = 13) assessment of fifteen pre-recorded simulated consultations using the MR-CAT. Analysis included discriminant validity testing, intrarater and interrater reliability testing for each of the five sections of the MR-CAT and for the overall global assessment of the consultation. Analysis also included internal consistency testing for the whole tool.

Results
Internal consistency for the overall global assessment of the consultation was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). The MR-CAT discriminated well for the overall global assessment of the consultation (p < 0.001). Moderate to high intrarater reliability was observed for the overall global assessment of the consultation and for all five sections of the MR-CAT (rho = 0.64–0.84) in the test–retest analysis. Moderate to good interrater reliability (Kendall’s W = 0.68–0.90) was observed for the overall global assessment of the consultation and for all five sections of the MR-CAT.

Conclusion
The MR-CAT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing person-centred pharmacist’s consultations. Moreover, its unique design means that the MR-CAT can be used in both formative and summative assessment.
Clinical pharmacy services are reimbursed in Germany: challenges of real world implementation remain
Authors: Schulz Martin , Griese-Mammen Nina , Müller Uta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, community pharmacy has experienced major changes as the role of pharmacists is evolving from a product to a service and a patient focus. As part of this change, new and innovative clinical pharmacy services aimed at improving medicines use and patient outcomes have been designed, both nationally and internationally. Since June 2022, five services are reimbursed by all statutory health insurance funds and private insurance companies in Germany: medication review for patients with polymedication; blood pressure control in hypertension; assuring proper inhalation techniques for patients receiving a new device or a device change; medication review including a follow-up for patients taking oral anticancer drugs or immunosuppressants post-transplantation. Beyond reimbursement, the upscaling and sustainable provision of these professional services are now the main challenges. Implementation research will provide important information for the further development of pharmaceutical care programs.
A dichotomic approach to adaptive interaction for socially assistive robots
Authors: Benedictis Riccardo De , Umbrico Alessandro , Fracasso Francesca , Cortellessa Gabriella , Orlandini Andrea , Cesta Amedeo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocially assistive robotics (SAR) aims at designing robots capable of guaranteeing social interaction to human users in a variety of assistance scenarios that range, e.g., from giving reminders for medications to monitoring of Activity of Daily Living, from giving advices to promote an healthy lifestyle to psychological monitoring. Among possible users, frail older adults deserve a special focus as they present a rich variability in terms of both alternative possible assistive scenarios (e.g., hospital or domestic environments) and caring needs that could change over time according to their health conditions. In this perspective, robot behaviors should be customized according to properly designed user models. One of the long-term research goals for SAR is the realization of robots capable of, on the one hand, personalizing assistance according to different health-related conditions/states of users and, on the other, adapting behaviors according to heterogeneous contexts as well as changing/evolving needs of users. This work proposes a solution based on a user model grounded on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) and a novel control architecture inspired by the dual-process theory. The proposed approach is general and can be deployed in many different scenarios. In this paper, we focus on a social robot in charge of the synthesis of personalized training sessions for the cognitive stimulation of older adults, customizing the adaptive verbal behavior according to the characteristics of the users and to their dynamic reactions when interacting. Evaluations with a restricted number of users show good usability of the system, a general positive attitude of users and the ability of the system to capture users personality so as to adapt the content accordingly during the verbal interaction.
A multi-criteria approach to investigate spatial distribution, sources, and the potential toxicological effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of urban retention tanks
Authors: Nawrot Nicole , Pouch Anna , Matej-Łukowicz Karolina , Pazdro Ksenia , Mohsin Muhammad , Rezania Shahabaldin , Wojciechowska Ewa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBottom sediments deposited in retention tanks (RTs) located on two urban streams (Oliwski and Strzyza) in the central part of Gdansk (Poland) were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ (PAHs) content. PAHs were extracted from samples with methylene chloride, then the extracts were subjected to clean-up applying the solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Quantitative and qualitative determination of 16 PAHs was performed with the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. A multi-dimensional approach was applied to analyse PAHs’ spatial distribution, source, and contamination status. Potential sources of PAHs were verified using isomer ratios supported by a statistical approach. The Σ16PAHs (in mg/kg d.w.) ranged from 1.95 ± 0.64 to 20.4 ± 6.8 for RTs located on the Oliwski Stream and from 0.50 ± 0.17 to 8.6 ± 2.9 for RTs located on the Strzyza Stream. PAHs detected in bottom sediments were mainly composed of 4- and 5-ring compounds. PAH isomer ratios such as Phen/Anth, Flth/Pyr, B(a)A/B(a)A + Chry, Inpy/Inpy + B(ghi)P, Flth/Flth + Pyr, Anth/Anth + Phen, and Flth/Flth + Pyr suggested delivery pathways for biomass, coal, and petroleum combustion. Petrogenic PAHs related to fuel leaks from cars were not detected. Statistical analyses confirmed traffic and heating system sources, while factor analysis (FA) pointed out the abrasion of wasting parts of vehicles. Based on threshold levels presented in sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), in most cases, PAHs were at low levels with occasional negative biological effects on organisms. Only sediments deposited in two RTs located on the Oliwski Stream presented harmful features for sediment-dwelling organisms. The risk assessment performed accordingly to the Σ16PAHs presented a moderate and high risk for biota. This study not only reflects the direct threat related to PAH content in bottom sediments, but also highlights the overall pollution of an area, considered to be a recreational part of the city (Oliwski Stream catchment). The findings of this study highlight the need to launch preventative methods to protect the area against pollution from heating system emission and traffic.
Von der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion zur kommunikativen KI
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Loosen Wiebke , Dreyer Stephan , Jarke Juliane , Kannengießer Sigrid , Katzenbach Christian , Malaka Rainer , Pfadenhauer Michaela , Puschmann Cornelius , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this article is to define more precisely the field of research into the automation of communication, which is currently only vaguely discernible. The central thesis is that, in order to be able to grasp the transformation of the media environment associated with the automation of communication, the view must be broadened from the “direct interaction of humans and machines” to “societal communication”. Broadening our perspective as such allows us to ask how the dynamics of societal communication as a whole change when “communicative AI” becomes part of societal communication. To support this thesis, the article first takes a closer look at the automation of communication as a phenomenon. Against this background, the concept of communicative AI is then developed in more detail as a “sensitizing concept” that sensitizes to both the breadth and depth of the phenomenon. On this basis, the bridging concept of the “hybrid figuration” is developed in order to grasp the agency of communicative AI and to be able to connect to “definitive concepts” of social science and media and communication research. It becomes apparent that with communicative AI as a field of research, the basic concepts of communication and media research—“communication” and “media”—are themselves challenged. The article is concluded by a conclusion that shows the research perspectives resulting from such an approach.
Logics in Fungal Mycelium Networks
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Ayres Phil , Beasley Alexander E. , Roberts Nic , Wösten Han A. B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe living mycelium networks are capable of efficient sensorial fusion over very large areas and distributed decision making. The information processing in the mycelium networks is implemented via propagation of electrical and chemical signals en pair with morphological changes in the mycelium structure. These information processing mechanisms are manifested in experimental laboratory findings that show that the mycelium networks exhibit rich dynamics of neuron-like spiking behaviour and a wide range of non-linear electrical properties. On an example of a single real colony of Aspergillus niger, we demonstrate that the non-linear transformation of electrical signals and trains of extracellular voltage spikes can be used to implement logical gates and circuits. The approaches adopted include numerical modelling of excitation propagation on the mycelium network, representation of the mycelium network as a resistive and capacitive network and an experimental laboratory study on mining logical circuits in mycelium bound composites.
Instability mechanisms and evolution of a rocky cliff on the Atlantic coast of Spain
Authors: López-Fernández Carlos , Domínguez-Cuesta María José , González-Pumariega Pelayo , Ballesteros Daniel , Suárez Suárez Lucas , Jiménez-Sánchez Montserrat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredicting the response of rocky coasts to different erosional agents remains a great challenge at present. The episodic and discontinuous nature of the instability processes typical of hard bedrocks makes it difficult to make predictions based on observations over short research periods. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of the geomorphological evolution of rocky cliffs by means of a case study of a geologically complex cliff (developed on quartzite and slate) located on the Atlantic coast of Spain. The analysis of high-precision topographic models and orthophotographs, the use of geomatics techniques and geomorphological characterization have made it possible to define a model of the cliff behaviour. The results indicate that the structure of the bedrock determines the type of instability processes affecting the cliff and the morphology of the associated deposits. Lithology is the other main conditioning factor: while slate is easily eroded, quartzite offers greater strength and its detached blocks act as an effective natural defence element protecting the cliff and slowing down the coastal retreat. The evolution model established for this cliff explains the absence of retreat in the study period (2003–2022) and confirms the important role of local factors in cliff evolution.
How Do Police Officers Cope with Stress? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Singo Constance , Shilubane Hilda N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarlier research on managing strain among police officers in South Africa is inadequate. Most studies conducted have centered on the predictors of stress and few have examined their coping mechanisms. The current study aimed to investigate the coping mechanisms used by law enforcement officers in dealing with stress. The study was conducted in one Province of South Africa. A qualitative approach using phenomenological research design was used to explore the mechanisms police officers used in handling stressful situations. The target population was police officers; purposive convenient sampling was used to select 12 police officers. The one-on-one semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The data was gathered until saturation was reached; it was analyzed using the thematic analytical approach. The findings revealed support systems, religion, participation in sports, and substance abuse as strategies used by police officers to deal with stressful situations. The main limitation of the study is the geographical area, it focused on one out of five districts. However, the study findings have important implications for psychological intervention within the police service. The findings suggest the establishment of counseling services in each police station by the South African Police Service to avoid distributing therapists at the cluster level.
Prior Conviction Evidence: Harmful or Irrelevant? A Literature Review
Authors: Schmittat Susanne Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExperimental studies on the effect of prior conviction evidence (PCE) on judgments of guilt are conflicting, ranging from an increase of guilt to a decrease of guilt, depending on certain boundary conditions. The overall effect of PCE seems to be small and likely depends on moderators. Due to small samples or because of lack of experimental manipulations, these moderators could not yet be meta-analyzed. This literature review follows up on these moderators with the aim to provide a clearer understanding under which circumstances PCE could harm or benefit the defendant, or when prior convictions of the defendant are completely irrelevant. Existing literature on PCE was reviewed to identify potential moderators and to provide directions for future research. Identified moderators were categorized into PCE characteristics (similarity and seriousness of PCE, PCE quantity, admissibility, and limiting instructions), case characteristics (ambiguity, seriousness of current offense), and methodological moderators (salience, control condition and manipulation checks, sample, individual vs. group decisions, richness of stimulus materials). PCE effects seem to depend on various factors that greatly narrow the influence of PCE. Therefore, an integrative perspective is proposed for future studies that take legal decision-making theories and information processing theories into account.
Empowering the Research Community to Investigate Misconduct and Promote Research Integrity and Ethics: New Regulation in Scandinavia
Authors: Vie Knut Jørgen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearchers sometimes engage in various forms of dishonesty and unethical behavior, which has led to regulatory efforts to ensure that they work according to acceptable standards. Such regulation is a difficult task, as research is a diverse and dynamic endeavor. Researchers can disagree about what counts as good and acceptable standards, and these standards are constantly developing. This paper presents and discusses recent changes in research integrity and ethics regulation in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Recognizing that research norms are developed through practice and are therefore unsuited for comprehensive national regulation, the Scandinavian countries focus on empowering the research community to regulate itself instead, except for the most severe cases of misconduct. This empowerment takes the form of giving research institutions tools and investigatory powers while also holding them responsible for ensuring that both the institution and individual researchers are up to date on relevant norms. In this way, the Scandinavian governments seek to avoid some of the challenges found in more legalistic approaches, which risk lagging behind the continuous development of research norms and can be insensitive to the fact that different disciplines have different norms. While the new approach in Scandinavian has several potential benefits, it also involves potential trade-offs and limitations. The new laws can create confusion about what researchers are allowed to do. Another issue is that it only addresses the fundamental drivers of misconduct to a limited extent.
Interplay between C1-inhibitor and group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 impairs their respective function
Authors: Ferrara Anne Lise , Bova Maria , Petraroli Angelica , Marasco Daniela , Payré Christine , Fortuna Sara , Palestra Francesco , Ciardi Renato , Marone Gianni , Spadaro Giuseppe , Lambeau Gérard , Loffredo Stefania 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh levels of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) have been associated with various inflammatory disease conditions. We have recently shown that hGIIA activity and concentration are increased in the plasma of patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and negatively correlate with C1-INH plasma activity. In this study, we analyzed whether the presence of both hGIIA and C1-INH impairs their respective function on immune cells. hGIIA, but not recombinant and plasma-derived C1-INH, stimulates the production of IL-6, CXCL8, and TNF-α from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMC activation mediated by hGIIA is blocked by RO032107A, a specific hGIIA inhibitor. Interestingly, C1-INH inhibits the hGIIA-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8, while it does not affect hGIIA enzymatic activity. On the other hand, hGIIA reduces the capacity of C1-INH at inhibiting C1-esterase activity. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies suggest a possible interaction between hGIIA and C1-INH but further experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Together, these results provide evidence for a new interplay between hGIIA and C1-INH, which may be important in the pathophysiology of hereditary angioedema.
Regulation of data breach publication: the case of US healthcare and the HITECH act
Authors: Bohn Lorenz , Schiereck Dirk 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data breaches continue to plague most industries but especially the healthcare sector. While previous studies have aimed at assessing the financial implications arising from data breaches, none of them focused on the healthcare sector. This study of market reactions following data breaches fills that gap. Federal disclosure requirements of data breaches within the healthcare sector allow for our comprehensive study. Using multivariate regression analysis, our findings show the high specificity with which investors react to the announcement of data breaches.
Wer „trägt“ die Schulsozialarbeit?
Authors: Zipperle Mirjana , Rahn Sebastian , Maier Katharina 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel reflektiert Trägerstrukturen in der Schulsozialarbeit vor dem Hintergrund einer Befragung von Schulsozialarbeitsträgern in Baden-Württemberg. Schulsozialarbeit wird theoretisch als Jugendhilfeangebot am Ort Schule und damit in einer Organisation verortet, die primär auf andere Ziele ausgerichtet ist. Der Beitrag zeigt bisherige Leerstellen im Fachdiskurs zu Schulsozialarbeit auf, indem entgegen der vorrangigen Diskussion – Verortung der Trägerschaft im Jugendhilfe- oder Schulsystem – drei Trägertypen innerhalb der Jugendhilfe untersucht werden: Reine Kostenträger, kleine lokale Anstellungsträger sowie große Schulsozialarbeitsträger. Die Analyse der Typen zeigt, dass die Trägerlandschaft in Baden-Württemberg einem Flickenteppich ähnelt, in dem die fachliche Steuerung der Schulsozialarbeit sehr unterschiedlich abgesichert ist. Als Schlussfolgerung leitet der Beitrag ein fachliches Entwicklungspotenzial auf Trägerebene hin zu einem qualifizierten Verständnis der Akteure als Jugendhilfe- und – genauer – Schulsozialarbeitsträger ab, das mit einer verstärkten empirischen In-Blick-Nahme der Organisationsstrukturen von Schulsozialarbeit einhergehen sollte.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Enhances Cognitive and Memory Performance and Protects Against Brain Injury in Methionine-induced Hyperhomocysteinemia Through Interdependent Molecular Pathways
Authors: Mostafa Mostafa D. , ElKomy Magda A , Othman Azza I. , Amer Maggie E. , El-Missiry Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain injury and cognitive impairment are major health issues associated with neurodegenerative diseases in young and aged persons worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was studied for its ability to protect against methionine (Met)-induced brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Male mice were given Met-supplemented in drinking water to produce hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced animals. EGCG was administered daily concurrently with Met by gavage. EGCG attenuated the rise in homocysteine levels in the plasma and the formation of amyloid-β and tau protein in the brain. Cognitive and memory impairment in HHcy-induced mice were significantly improved by EGCG administration. These results were associated with improvement in glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain. EGCG maintained the levels of glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain. As a result of the reduction of oxidative stress, EGCG protected against DNA damage in Met-treated mice. Moreover, maintaining the redox balance significantly ameliorated neuroinflammation evidenced by the normalization of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, and IL-13 in the same animals. The decreases in both oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were significantly associated with upregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and downregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, caspases 3 and 9, and p53 compared with Met-treated animals, indicating a diminution of neuronal apoptosis. These effects reflect and explain the improvement in histopathological alterations in the hippocampus of Met-treated mice. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of EGCG may be due to interconnecting pathways, including modulation of redox balance, amelioration of inflammation, and regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.
Graphical Abstract