bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spelling Errors in Brief Computer-Mediated Texts Implicitly Lead to Linearly Additive Penalties in Trustworthiness
Authors: Witchel Harry J. , Jones Christopher I. , Thompson Georgina A. , Westling Carina E. I. , Romero Juan , Nicotra Alessia , Maag Bruno , Critchley Hugo D. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSpelling errors in documents lead to reduced trustworthiness, but the mechanism for weighing the psychological assessment (i.e., integrative versus dichotomous) has not been elucidated. We instructed participants to rate content of texts, revealing that their implicit trustworthiness judgments show marginal differences specifically caused by spelling errors.MethodsAn online experiment with 100 English-speaking participants were asked to rate 27 short text excerpts (∼100 words) about multiple sclerosis in the format of unmoderated health forum posts. In a counterbalanced design, some excerpts had no typographic errors, some had two errors, and some had five errors. Each participant rated nine paragraphs with a counterbalanced mixture of zero, two or five errors. A linear mixed effects model (LME) was assessed with error number as a fixed effect and participants as a random effect.ResultsUsing an unnumbered scale with anchors of “completely untrustworthy” (left) and “completely trustworthy” (right) recorded as 0 to 100, two spelling errors resulted in a penalty to trustworthiness of 5.91 ± 1.70 (robust standard error) compared to the reference excerpts with zero errors, while the penalty for five errors was 13.5 ± 2.47; all three conditions were significantly different from each other (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionParticipants who rated information about multiple sclerosis in a context mimicking an online health forum implicitly assigned typographic errors nearly linearly additive trustworthiness penalties. This contravenes any dichotomous heuristic or local ceiling effect on trustworthiness penalties for these numbers of typographic errors. It supports an integrative model for psychological judgments of trustworthiness.
Priorities for Future Research About Screen Use and Adolescent Mental Health: A Participatory Prioritization Study
Authors: Vera San Juan Norha , Oram Sian , Pinfold Vanessa , Temple Rachel , Foye Una , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia , Hardt Selina , Abdinasir Kadra , Edbrooke-Childs Julian 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify research priorities for future research on screen use and adolescent mental health, from the perspectives of young people, parents/carers, and teachers.MethodsThe study design was informed by the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership approach. A three-stage consensus-based process of consultation to identify research priorities using qualitative and quantitative methods. Research was guided by a steering group comprising researchers, third sector partners, clinicians, parents/carers and young people. A Young People's Advisory Group contributed at each stage.ResultsInitial steps generated 26 research questions of importance to children and young people; these were ranked by 357 participants (229 children and young people and 128 adults). Consensus was reached for the prioritization of four topics for future research: (i) the impact of exposure to adult content on young people's mental health and relationships; (ii) the relationship between screen use and the well-being of young people from vulnerable groups; (iii) the impact of screen use on brain development; and (iv) the relationship between screen use and sleep.Additionally, young participants prioritized questions about online bullying, advertisements targeting young people, and the relationship between social media and specific mental health conditions. Research topics of interest arising specifically during the pandemic included the effects on adolescent mental health of exposure to constant news updates and online racial bias, and how young people take part in activism online.ConclusionThese findings will enable researchers and funders to conduct research that is needs-oriented and relevant to the target audience.
What Is the Current State of Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Breast Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Health and Non-health College Students
Authors: Islam Md. Ashraful , AlShayban Dhfer Mahdi , Nisa Zeb-un- , Al-Hawaj Ghadeer Abdulwahab Mohammed , Al-Eid Ghadeer Hani Ali , Alenazi Atheer Mohammed Moqbel , Malik Zubda , Maqsood Muhammad Bilal , Ishaqui Azfar Athar , Akbar Zahida , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Hossain Mohammad Akbar , Alnuhait Mohammed , Haseeb Abdul 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo document breast cancer (BC) knowledge, awareness, and attitudes among female undergraduate students studying at health and non-health colleges.MethodsA 3-month cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students studying at health and non-health subject colleges affiliated to a public university. Convenience sampling was employed, and a previously validated questionnaire available in English and Arabic languages was used. Multiple linear regression was used to report the predictors of BC knowledge. A two-tailedp-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. The study was approved by an ethics committee.ResultsA total of 506 responses were analyzed. The mean knowledge score was 13.98 ± 4.1. The findings of the surveyed students suggested that more than 55% of the students had an acceptable level of knowledge. By education sector, approximately 70% and 40% of health and non-health college students, respectively, had an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean difference in knowledge scores between students of health and non-health colleges was significant (p&lt; 0.001) as students at health colleges had a higher score. Age, college type and the presence of the disease in family/relatives were significant predictors of students' BC knowledge (p&lt; 0.05).ConclusionBy comparing it with previous evidence, the knowledge of BC has improved. The role of awareness campaigns as an information medium for students from non-health backgrounds is greatly appreciated. Moreover, the internet and electronic media have emerged as new sources of information for non-health college students, and therefore, more efforts are needed to utilize this medium in empowering this student population in understanding of this disease.
Effect of Network-Based Positive Psychological Nursing Model Combined With Elemene Injection on Negative Emotions, Immune Function and Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Yang Shilu , Zheng Lijuan , Sun Yan , Li Zhuoyun 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWith the development of big data, big data interpenetrate in every person's life. Health care is no exception to this trend, especially in regard to nursing analytics. The data that is analyzed and leveraged in this field is gathered from a variety of sources, including electronic health records (EHRs), medical histories, provider notes and mobile applications, creating an accumulation of personalized health information around each individual.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the network-based positive psychological nursing model combined with elemene injection on negative emotions, immune function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer (LC) undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsThe clinical data of 90 LC patients who underwent chemotherapy in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were equally split into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) according to the order of enrollment. The patients in CG received routine nursing intervention during chemotherapy, while those in EG received the network-based positive psychological nursing model combined with elemene injection to compare negative emotions, immune function and quality of life (QOL) between the two groups.ResultsCompared with CG, EG had notably higher immune function indexes (P &lt; 0.001), lower serum VEGF and MMP-2 levels (P &lt; 0.001), lower HAMA and HAMD scores (P &lt; 0.05), and higher scores of PTGI, physiological function, psychological function, social function and physical function (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe network-based positive psychological nursing model combined with elemene injection is a reliable method to enhance the immune function and QOL of LC patients undergoing chemotherapy and alleviate their negative emotions, which has a high clinical application value.
A Systematic Review of Objective Factors Influencing Behavior in Public Open Spaces
Authors: Han Shuyan , Ye Yu , Song Yifan , Yan Shurui , Shi Feng , Zhang Yuhao , Liu Xiaodong , Du Hu , Song Dexuan 
Published: May 2022

As a significant part of outdoor built-environment, public open spaces are closely associated with people's daily lives. Studies of outdoor behavior in these spaces can shed light on users' environmental perceptions and contribute to the promotion of physiological and psychological health. Many recent studies are case studies focused where observations, surveys and interviews have been conducted to understand the factors influencing people's behavior on one or few sites or city environments. There have been few reviews related to this topic, and none have been based on the systematic understanding of influencing factors. This paper presents a systematic review of interactions between behavior and the built environment in public open spaces, and highlights the impacts of diverse and objective influencing factors. Followed the rules of PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), 109 papers published in 2000–2021 were selected and reviewed. The distribution of the studied interactions is analyzed, and the impacts of four distinct factors: personal background, location and context, environmental component, and climate stimuli, are extracted, categorized, and specified. Moreover, outdoor health benefits are discussed based on which, crucial factors that require emphasis after the outbreak of COVID-19 are identified. Throughout this paper, behavioral influencing processes, including objective influencing factors, subjective feedback, and the relationships involved, are considered to provide a comprehensive picture. With the robust classification of existing factors, architects, urban designers, policy makers and fellow researches could be easier to get a more comprehensive trend from the past. This paper also provides guidance for future research, especially given that COVID-19 has created huge changes to outdoor needs and customary behavior.Systematic Review Registration:http://www.prisma-statement.org/.
Healthcare Providers' Experiences With a Clinical Mentorship Intervention to Improve Reproductive, Maternal and Newborn Care in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Isangula Kahabi , Mbekenga Columba , Mwansisya Tumbwene , Mwasha Loveluck , Kisaka Lucy , Selestine Edna , Siso David , Rutachunzibwa Thomas , Mrema Secilia , Pallangyo Eunice 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence suggesting that clinical mentorship (CM) involving on-the-job training is one of the critical resources—friendly entry points for strengthening the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers (HCPs), which in turn facilitate the delivery of effective reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) care. The article explores the experiences of HCPs following participation in the CM program for RMNH in eight districts of Mwanza Region in Tanzania.Materials and MethodsA qualitative descriptive design employing data from midterm project review meetings and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with purposefully selected HCPs (mentors and mentees) and District Medical Officers (DMOs) during endline evaluation were employed. Interview data were managed using Nvivo Software and analyzed thematically.ResultsA total of 42 clinical mentors and master mentors responded to a questionnaire during the midterm review meeting. Then, a total of 17 KIIs were conducted with Mentees (8), Mentors (5), and DMOs (4) during endline evaluation. Five key themes emerged from participants' accounts: (i) the topics covered during CM visits; (ii) the benefits of CM; (iii) the challenges of CM; (iv) the drivers of CM sustainability; and (iv) suggestions for CM improvement. The topics of CM covered during visits included antenatal care, neonatal resuscitation, pregnancy monitoring, management of delivery complications, and infection control and prevention. The benefits of CM included increased knowledge, skills, confidence, and change in HCP's attitude and increased client service uptake, quality, and efficiency. The challenges of CM included inadequate equipment for learning and practice, the limited financial incentive to mentees, shortage of staff and time constraints, and weaker support from management. The drivers of CM sustainability included the willingness of mentees to continue with clinical practice, ongoing peer-to-peer mentorship, and integration of the mentorship program into district health plans. Finally, the suggestions for CM improvement included refresher training for mentors, engagement of more senior mentors, and extending mentorship beyond IMPACT catchment facilities.ConclusionCM program appears to be a promising entry point to improving competence among HCPs and the quality and efficiency of RMNH services potentially contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal deaths. Addressing the challenges cited by participants, particularly the equipment for peer learning and practice, may increase the success of the CM program.
Intracranial Pressure as an Objective Biomarker of Decompression Adequacy in Large Territory Infarction: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Lim Jia Xu , Liu Sherry Jiani , Cheong Tien Meng , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Han Julian Xinguang , Chen Min Wei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDecompressive craniectomy (DC) improves the survival and functional outcomes in patients with malignant cerebral infarction. Currently, there are no objective intraoperative markers that indicates adequate decompression. We hypothesise that closure intracranial pressure (ICP) correlates with postoperative outcomes.MethodsThis is a multicentre retrospective review of all 75 DCs performed for malignant cerebral infarction. The patients were divided into inadequate ICP (iICP) and good ICP (gICP) groups based on a suitable ICP threshold determined with tiered receiver operating characteristic and association analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for various postoperative outcomes.ResultsAn ICP threshold of 7 mmHg was determined, with 36 patients (48.0%) and 39 patients (52.0%) in the iICP and gICP group, respectively. After adjustment, postoperative osmotherapy usage was more likely in the iICP group (OR 6.32, p = 0.003), and when given, was given for a longer median duration (iICP, 4 days; gICP, 1 day, p = 0.003). There was no difference in complications amongst both groups. When an ICP threshold of 11 mmHg was applied, there was significant difference in the duration on ventilator (ICP ≥11 mmHg, 3–9 days, ICP &lt;11 mmHg, 3–5 days, p = 0.023).ConclusionSurgical decompression works complementarily with postoperative medical therapy to manage progressive cerebral edema in malignant cerebral infarctions. This is a retrospective study which showed that closure ICP, a novel objective intraoperative biomarker, is able to guide the adequacy of DC in this condition. Various surgical manoeuvres can be performed to ensure that this surgical aim is accomplished.
Better Prognosis and Survival in Esophageal Cancer Survivors After Comorbid Second Primary Malignancies: A SEER Database-Based Study
Authors: Ye Jiayue , Hu Sheng , Zhang Wenxiong , Zhang Deyuan , Zhang Yang , Yu Dongliang , Peng Jinhua , Xu Jianjun , Wei Yiping 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWith the development of surgical techniques and advances in systemic treatments, the survival time of esophageal cancer survivors has increased; however, the chance of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) has also increased. These patients’ prognosis and treatment plans remain inconclusive.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate and predict the survival of patients with esophageal cancer with second primary tumors, to provide insights and the latest data on whether to pursue more aggressive treatment.Materials and MethodsWe selected esophageal cancer cases from the latest available data from the SEER database on April 15, 2021. We performed life table analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess the patient data. We conducted multiple Cox regression equation analyses under multiple covariate adjustment models, and performed a stratified analysis of multiple Cox regression equation analysis based on different covariates. To describe our study population more simply and clearly, we defined the group of patients with esophageal cancer combined with a second primary malignant tumor (the first of two or more primaries) as the EC-SPM group.ResultsOur analysis of 73,456 patients with esophageal cancer found the median survival time of the EC-SPM group was 47.00 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 43.87–50.13), and the mean survival time was 74.67 months (95% CI, 72.12–77.22). Kaplan–Meier curves of different esophageal cancer survivors showed that the survival of the EC-SPM group was significantly better than that of the other groups (p &lt; 0.01). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with only one malignancy only group, the hazard ratio (HR) of the EC-SPM group was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92–0.99; p &lt; 0.05). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis under different adjustment models, the EC-SPM group had a reduced risk of death compared with the one primary malignancy only group (HR &lt; 1, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionSurvivors of esophageal cancer with a second primary malignant cancer have a better prognosis, but require more aggressive treatment. This study provided new evidence and new ideas for future research on the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment concepts of esophageal cancer combined with SPM.
Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Ameliorating Inattentional Blindness Amongst Young Neurosurgeons: A Prospective, Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Pandit Anand S. , de Gouveia Melissa , Horsfall Hugo Layard , Reka Arisa , Marcus Hani J. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundHuman factors are increasingly being recognised as vital components of safe surgical care. One such human cognitive factor: inattention blindness (IB), describes the inability to perceive objects despite being visible, typically when one’s attention is focused on another task. This may contribute toward operative ‘never-events’ such as retained foreign objects and wrong-site surgery.MethodsAn 8-week, mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programme, adapted for surgeons, was delivered virtually. Neurosurgical trainees and recent staff-appointees who completed the MBI were compared against a control group, matched in age, sex and grade. Attention and IB were tested using two operative videos. In each, participants were first instructed to focus on a specific part of the procedure and assessed (attention), then questioned on a separate but easily visible aspect within the operative field (inattention). If a participant were ‘inattentionally blind’ they would miss significant events occurring outside of their main focus. Median absolute error (MAE) scores were calculated for both attention and inattention. A generalised linear model was fitted for each, to determine the independent effect of mindfulness intervention on MAE.ResultsThirteen neurosurgeons completed the mindfulness training (age, 30 years [range 27–35]; female:male, 5:8), compared to 15 neurosurgeons in the control group (age, 30 years [27–42]; female:male, 6:9). There were no significant demographic differences between groups. MBI participants demonstrated no significant differences on attention tasks as compared to controls (t = −1.50, p = 0.14). For inattention tasks, neurosurgeons who completed the MBI had significantly less errors (t = −2.47, p = 0.02), after adjusting for participant level and video differences versus controls. We found that both groups significantly improved their inattention error rate between videos (t = −11.37, p &lt; 0.0001). In spite of this, MBI participants still significantly outperformed controls in inattention MAE in the second video following post-hoc analysis (MWU = 137.5, p = 0.05).DiscussionNeurosurgeons who underwent an eight-week MBI had significantly reduced inattention blindness errors as compared to controls, suggesting mindfulness as a potential tool to increase vigilance and prevent operative mistakes. Our findings cautiously support further mindfulness evaluation and the implementation of these techniques within the neurosurgical training curriculum.
Enfermedad de Albers Schomberg (osteopetrosis). Reporte de un caso
Authors: Sacón-Espinoza Melanie Raquel , Gallegos-Cobo Andrés Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Describir la enfermedad de Albers Schomberg (osteopetrosis) desde un reporte de un caso. Método: Descriptiva observacional de caso clínico. Resultados y conclusiones: Por lo general, los niños son diagnosticados inmediatamente o poco después del nacimiento; se caracteriza por problemas hematológicos como anemia, trombocitopenia y granulocitopenia; esplenomegalia; la compresión de los nervios craneales que produce ceguera y sordera; fracturas patológicas e infecciones. Esta enfermedad es genéticamente recesiva existiendo hay falla de la médula ósea. A pesar del tratamiento, las formas infantiles o malignas siguen siendo las más graves por la anemia, las hemorragias y las infecciones complicadas, suelen provocar la muerte en los primeros diez años de vida. Por el contrario, los pacientes adultos tienen una tasa de supervivencia más alta.
Kelor Leaves Infusion as a Alternative in Increasing the Volume of Breastmilk and Birth Weight in Newborn
Authors: Anuhgera Diah Evawanna , Ritonga Nikmah Jalilah , Sitorus Riris 
Published: May 2022

Background: An increase in the volume of breast milk and baby weight is the hope of every mother during breastfeeding. The consistency and quality of breastfeeding is determined by a mother. Moringa leaves, which is a typical plant in Indonesia, have many benefits, especially to increase milk production and nutrition for infants and children in the growth process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of morinaga leaves in increasing the volume of breast milk and birth weigh of babies.
Method:The design of this study was quasy eksperimental studies with purposive sampling with inclusion criteria. The sample in this study were all breastfeeding mothers on the first postpartum day as many as 30 people. In this study there were two groups, namely the control group and the intervention group. The instruments in this study were Moringa leaves, measuring cups, electric breast pumps, and baby scales and observation sheets. Data analysis used is paired and unpaired t-test.
Result:The results showed that there was a difference between before and after the administration of Moringa leaves in the intervention group of 38.95 ml, while in the control group it was 16.1 ml. The baby's weight gain in the intervention group was 585 grams. Statistical results showed that giving Moringa leaves was effective on breast milk volume and infant weight with a significance value of p = 0.00 while in the control group there was a difference in the increase in breast milk volume with p = 0.000 but there was no significant difference in the baby weight variable with a value of p = 0.651.
Conclusion: Moringa leaves infusion can be used as an alternative therapy to increase the volume of breast milk and baby weight in the breastfeeding process. Specialized health workers for midwives can assist mothers in educating postpartum mothers in consuming steeped Moringa leaves to increase breast milk and baby weight and support the success of exclusive breastfeeding