bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drugs intervention study in COVID-19 management
Authors: Taher Muhammad , Tik Noratika , Susanti Deny 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
By 9 February 2021, the Coronavirus has killed 2,336,650 people worldwide and it has been predicted that this number continues to increase in year 2021. The study aimed to identify therapeutic approaches and drugs that can potentially be used as interventions in Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) management. A systematic scoping review was conducted. Articles reporting clinical evidence of therapeutic management of COVID-19 were selected from three different research databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct). From the database search, 31 articles were selected based on the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review paper showed that remdesivir and ivermectin significantly reduced viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) activity. On the other hand, convalescent plasma (CP) significantly improved COVID-19 clinical symptoms. Additionally, the use of corticosteroid increased survival rates in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Findings also indicated that both hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir were effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, lopinavir–ritonavir combination was not effective against COVID-19. Finally, ribavirin, galidesivir, and sofosbuvir showed potential therapeutic benefit in treating COVID-19, but there is a lack of clinical evidence on their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir, ivermectin, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and CP are the therapeutic agents that can potentially be used in COVID-19 management.
Effect of phenyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent (A153) on simultaneously improving mechanical, electrical, and processing properties of ultra-high-filled polypropylene composites
Authors: Li Jianxi , Zhang Shuya , Fan Yaqin , Wang Aosong , Miao Zhuang , Cheng Peng , Liu Hanzhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The improvement of mechanical properties, electrical properties, and processing properties of ultra-high-filled thermal insulation polypropylene (PP) composites has been plagued by high filling amount of heat-conducting fillers such as alumina powder (Al2O3) and expanded graphite. In order to improve its properties, this article uses a high-temperature-resistant coupling agent (A153) to modify the PP composite. The results of this study show that when the content of A153 reaches 7.5 phr, the tensile strength of PP composite can reach 5 MPa, the elongation at break can reach 25%, and the volume resistivity can reach 12.8 × 1012 Ω·m, and the maximum thermal conductivity is 1.82 W·m−1·K−1. The processability also shows that the introduction of A153 can increase the melt flow rate and effectively improve the processability of the material.
Performance investigation of DPMZM based RoF system by employing PIN and APD photodetector
Authors: Gupta Aayushi , Kumar Parvin , Kumar Sachan Vibhav , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As per the increasing demand of users, the wireless network fulfils significant challenges in terms of capacity, data rate, reduced environmental impact and better receiver performance. Radio over fiber (RoF) is the technique by which radio signal is modulated over the optical fiber link. The functioning of RoF is dependent on the optical modulator, optical fiber and photodetector. In this paper, dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) is used, which gives good results against intermodulation distortion (IMD) errors. In order to investigate the receiver performance, positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) and avalanche photodiode (APD) photodetectors are utilized at the receiver end. The analytical analysis of DPMZM based RoF system is analyzed, and the simulation model is implemented using OptSIM software, including PIN and APD photodetectors. The performance is scrutinized against various optical fiber lengths. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and investigated by the presence of desired components and distorted (IMD) components for 1 and 5 km optical fiber distance between the control station and base station.
Seismological monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Authors: Barrientos S. , Haslinger F. , Section the IMS Seismic 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Seismological monitoring is one of the four technologies used by the International Monitoring System to verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. When fully operational, two seismic networks, one primary (50 stations) and one auxiliary (120 stations), will enable global detection and event characterisation of sources with equivalent magnitude as low as 4. The basic principles of seismological theory and practice applied to verification are summarised below, with particular emphasis on the new requirements imposed by the needs of the Treaty.
Hydroacoustic monitoring system for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Authors: Lawrence M. , Galindo M. , Grenard P. , Newton J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydroacoustics is one of the four monitoring technologies of the International Monitoring System (IMS') established under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The hydroacoustic network, designed to monitor the major world oceans, contains eleven stations located with an emphasis on the vast ocean areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Two different sensing techniques are employed; hydrophone sensors, which effectively cover large ocean areas, but are quite complex and expensive, and seismic detectors on small islands which are less effective, but considerably simpler and cheaper. The hydroacoustic stations transmit data in real time via satellite to the International Data Centre (IDC). The IDC analyses the hydroacoustic data in combination with the other three technologies to produce bulletins of detected events for the States Party to the Treaty.
Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
Authors: Kotrych Daniel , Marcinkowski Sławomir , Brodecki Adam , Anuszkiewicz Marcin , Kleszowski Jakub , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej , Ciechanowicz Dawid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Revision procedures and the resulting bone loss are a big challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Therefore, we checked what functional outcomes that 3D-printed cone augments can offer to patients with bone defects (Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute [AORI] classification type 2B and 3) in the knee and whether the use of cones can delay the necessity to use a megaprotheses. Data from 64 patients (M = 22; W = 42) who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision were included in the analysis. The Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and the range of motion in the knee joint were used for the functional assessment. The mean follow-up was 28 months (range: 18–44 months). The survival rate for aseptic loosening at follow-up was 100%. Infection occurred in two (3.1%) patients. The mean KSS score increased from 12.75 points preoperatively to 66.56 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean range of motion in the knee changed from 61.15° preoperatively to 115.93° postoperatively (p < 0.001). 3D-printed cone augments seem to be a good solution for patients requiring a TKA revision procedure. When used in patients with bone defects classified as 2B and 3 (AORI), they can be a good alternative, delaying the need for megaprotheses.
On a general system of difference equations defined by homogeneous functions
Authors: Touafek Nouressadat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the following second order system of difference equations$$\begin{array}{} x_{n+1} = f(y_{n},y_{n-1}),\quad y_{n+1} = g(x_{n},x_{n-1}) \end{array}$$wheren∈ ℕ0, the initial valuesx−1,x0,y−1andy0are positive real numbers, the functionsf,g: (0, +∞)2→ (0, +∞) are continuous and homogeneous of degree zero. In this study, we establish results on local stability of the unique equilibrium point and to deal with the global attractivity, and so the global stability, some general convergence theorems are provided. Necessary and sufficient conditions on existence of prime period two solutions of our system are given. Also, a result on oscillatory solutions is proved. As applications of the obtained results, concrete models of systems of difference equations defined by homogeneous functions of degree zero are investigated. Our system generalize some existing works in the literature and our results can be applied to study new models of systems of difference equations. For interested readers, we left in the conclusion as open problems two more general systems of higher order defined by homogenous functions of degree zero.
Prediction of the exponential fractional upper record-values
Authors: Aly Amany E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, two linear predictors of the fractional kth upper record-value based on two-parameter exponential distribution are proposed. Moreover, a free scale-location predictive interval is constructed for the future fractional kth upper record-value. The prediction results are formulated in a general set-up relying on two fractional kth upper record-values. Some important distributional properties for each point predictor are revealed. Furthermore, the mean square error and Pitman’s measure of closeness are used to compare the point predictors. Finally, a simulation study is carried out and a real data set is analyzed to explore the efficiency of the suggested methods.
Code-switching as linguistic microaggression: L2-Japanese and speaker legitimacy
Authors: Takeuchi Jae DiBello 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt a press conference in Japan, an L2-Japanese reporter questioned an L1-Japanese politician. Although the press conference was conducted in Japanese, the politician code-switched to English during their exchange. The reporter challenged the politician’s code-switching; a confrontational exchange ensued. The reporter’s reaction depicts the code-switching as linguistic microaggression. Linguistic microaggressions are verbal comments focused on language use itself which intentionally or unintentionally discriminate. I analyze two data sets: the press conference data and an interview with the reporter, and a survey conducted with over 300 L2-Japanese speakers in Japan. Microanalysis of the press conference reveals linguistic microaggression and a struggle for speaker legitimacy. Qualitative thematic analysis of survey data examines L2-Japanese speakers’ reactions to unwanted code-switching. Together, analysis of these data sets shows how 1) linguistic microaggression can be resisted while asserting one’s own speaker legitimacy, and 2) L2-Japanese speakers can react strongly to unwanted code-switching. Few studies examine unwanted code-switching. I argue that the code-switching examined here was linguistic microaggression and was perceived as a threat to L2 speaker legitimacy. Findings contribute to research that critically examines L2 speakers’ struggles in Japan and have implications for understanding L2 speaker legitimacy.
Polymer modulators in silicon photonics: review and projections
Authors: Taghavi Iman , Moridsadat Maryam , Tofini Alexander , Raza Shaheer , Jaeger Nicolas A. F. , Chrostowski Lukas , Shastri Bhavin J. , Shekhar Sudip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Optical modulators are vital for many applications, including telecommunication, data communication, optical computing, and microwave photonic links. A compact modulator with low voltage drive requirement, low power, high speed, and compatibility with CMOS foundry process is highly desirable. Current modulator technologies in Si suffer from trade-offs that constrain their power, performance (speed, drive voltage), and area. The introduction of additional materials to the silicon platform for efficient phase shift promises alternatives to relax those trade-offs. Si-organic-hybrid (SOH) devices demonstrate large modulation bandwidth leveraging the electro-optic (EO) effect and smaller drive voltage or footprint owing to a strong EO coefficient. In this study, we review various SOH modulators and describe their path towards integration to silicon, including their challenges associated with aging and temperature. We also briefly discuss other high-performance modulators such as plasmonic-organic-hybrid (POH), photonic-crystal-assisted SOH, and LiNbO3.
Relationships Between Physical Fitness Assessment Measures and a Workplace Task-Specific Physical Assessment Among Police Officers: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lockie Robert , Dawes J. Jay , Sakura Takato , Schram Benjamin , Orr Robin M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lockie, R, Dawes, JJ, Sakura, T, Schram, B, and Orr, RM. Relationships between physical fitness assessment measures and a workplace task-specific physical assessment among police officers: a retrospective cohort study. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 678–683, 2023—Police officers are required to perform physically demanding occupational tasks and, as such, require an adequate level of fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between a physical fitness assessment test (PAT) and a task-specific physical competency test (PCT). Retrospective data for 307 police trainees who completed the PAT and the PCT were provided. The PAT comprised a 2.4-km run, vertical jump, push-ups, and grip strength measures. The PCT, a single timed event, consisted of 10 occupational specific tasks (e.g., trailer push, wall climb, window climb through), which were completed within a 400-m obstacle course. Pearson's correlations were used to investigate relationships between the PAT and the PCT. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether PAT predicted PCT performance. All PAT measures significantly correlated with PCT performance with the strength of the correlations ranging from moderate (vertical jump; r = −0.420, p < 0.01) to strong (2.4 km run; r = 0.639, p < 0.01). The highest predictive relationship was observed with 2.4-km run (r

2
= 0.409), and the lowest predictive relationship was observed with the vertical jump (r

2
= 0.177). The results of this study highlight the importance of aerobic capacity (2.4 km run), muscular endurance (push-ups), strength (grip strength), and power (vertical jump) for successful performance during the PCT. These physical attributes should be developed in new police trainees before attending recruit training if viable and form part of any return-to-work reconditioning frameworks for both police trainees and officers.
Dietary Intakes and the Risk of Low Energy Availability in Male and Female Advanced and Elite Rock Climbers
Authors: Monedero Javier , Duff Christina , Egan Brendan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Monedero, J, Duff, C, and Egan, B. Dietary intakes and the risk of low energy availability in male and female advanced and elite rock climbers. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): e8–e15, 2023—There is a culture among rock climbers of striving to maintain low body mass and percentage body fat to enhance performance. Diet practices based on this belief might lead to increased risk of low energy availability (LEA) or eating disorders (EDs). Twenty-five advanced or elite rock climbers (male, n = 14; female, n = 11) had body composition measured, completed 4-day food intake and physical activity diaries while wearing an accelerometer and heart rate monitor, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-26 and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q; n = 11 female subjects only). EAT-26 scores of 3.5 (1.8, 7.0) [median (IQR)] and 9.3 ± 6.4 (mean ± SD) for male and female subjects, respectively, indicated low risk of ED in this cohort, but 4 female subjects were at high risk of LEA according to LEAF-Q scores. Suboptimal (<45 kcal·kg·FFM−1·d−1) and LEA (<30 kcal·kg·FFM−1·d−1) were evident in 88 and 28%, respectively, of climbers. However, only the female climbers had energy intakes (1775 ± 351 kcal·d−1) significantly lower than their calculated energy requirements (2056 ± 254 kcal·d−1; p = 0.006). In all subjects, carbohydrate intakes were lower (male subjects: 3.8 ± 1.2 g·kg−1·d−1, p = 0.002; female subjects: 3.4 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·d−1, p < 0.001), and fat intakes were higher (male subjects: 1.6 ± 0.5 g·kg−1·d−1, p < 0.001; female subjects: 1.4 ± 0.4 g·kg−1·day−1, p < 0.001) than current sports nutrition recommendations, and inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D were observed. Female subjects specifically had lower than recommended intakes of protein and iron. These results show that advanced and elite rock climbers have a high prevalence of LEA and have a risk of having nutritional deficiencies as result of their diet.
Preliminary Investigation of Magnesium-Silver Nanocomposite for Feasibility as Degradable Biomaterial
Authors: Vignesh R. , Velusamy Raja 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pure magnesium is a well-studied metallic material for biodegradable implants, but its rapid degradation rate is a major disadvantage. Silver is known for its excellent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, but its hemolytic and cytotoxic properties are a major concern. In the presented study, to control the fast degradation rate of magnesium, silver nanoparticles (NPs) were mixed with magnesium in varying proportions. Magnesium-silver composites have been prepared using powder metallurgy techniques with three different proportions of silver Viz. 0.75 %, 1 %, and 1.25 % silver. For the suitability of a composite as an implant material, corrosion rate, hemolysis, and antibacterial activity were investigated with pure magnesium as the control. Pure magnesium shows a corrosion rate of around 5 mm/year, while magnesium-silver composites show around 1.2 mm/year. Zone of inhibition and hemolysis values are higher for magnesium-1.25 % silver when compared with other specimens. Magnesium-0.75 % silver has hemolysis and antibacterial activity similar to pure magnesium, with a lower value of corrosion rate. Silver NPs on their own are hemolytic and cytotoxic, but Magnesium-silver nanocomposites with a silver wt % lower than 1.25 % can be further explored as a suitable biomaterial with reduced corrosion rate and better biocompatibility.
Design and Development of Novel Computer Vision-Based Automatic Calibration System for Analog Dial Pressure Gauge
Authors: Prasad S. J. Suji , Indra J. , Thangatamilan M. , Meena Radhey Shyam , Muthusamy Suresh , Panchal Hitesh , Krishnamoorthy Mahendran , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Doshi Manish 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pressure gauge calibration refers to comparing the standard and test gauge to determine the error percentage. The reading accuracy of the analog dial pressure gauge is found in the conventional method through manual calculations and then tabulating the values in the calibration certificate. The present study is undertaken to increase the accuracy level of the analog dial pressure gauges. A new automated computer-based method is proposed to calibrate the meters more accurately than the conventional method. The indicated value of the pressure gauge is obtained through the angular position of the pointer and the error value is identified by comparing both standard and test gauge values. In this work, Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images of standard and test pressure gauges are acquired through a high-definition camera. After the image processing operations, the pointer orientation of the indicatoris identified, and the indicated values are calculated. The computer-vision-based automatic calibration system is applied in a 0–100-psi (0–689.476 kPa) analog dial pressure gauge, and three trials were performed to determine the accuracy. The computer vision technique improved accuracy, varying from 97 % to 98 % compared with the conventional manual observation method. The observed results have improved repeatability and accuracy with the proposed computer-vision-based system.
Injury-Related Pediatric Emergency Department Visits in the First Year of COVID-19
Authors: Wells Jordee M. , Rodean Jonathan , Cook Lawrence , Sills Marion R. , Neuman Mark I. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Jain Shobhit , Hirsch Alexander W. , Goyal Monika K. , Fleegler Eric W. , DeLaroche Amy M. , Aronson Paul L. , Leonard Julie C. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES
To describe the epidemiology of pediatric injury-related visits to children’s hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States during early and later periods of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information System, an administrative database to identify injury-related ED visits at 41 United States children’s hospitals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period (March 15, 2020 to March 14, 2021) and a 3 year comparator period (March 15–March 14, 2017–2020). For these 2 periods, we compared patient characteristics, injury type and severity, primary discharge diagnoses, and disposition, stratified by early (March 15, 2020 to June 30, 2020), middle (July 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020), and late (November 1, 2020 to March 14, 2021) pandemic periods.

RESULTS
Overall, ED injury-related visits decreased by 26.6% during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with the largest decline observed in minor injuries. ED injury-related visits resulting in serious–critical injuries increased across the pandemic (15.9% early, 4.9% middle, 20.6% late). Injury patterns with the sharpest relative declines included superficial injuries (41.7% early) and sprains/strains (62.4% early). Mechanisms of injury with the greatest relative increases included (1) firearms (22.9% early; 42.8% middle; 37% late), (2) pedal cyclists (60.4%; 24.9%; 32.2%), (3) other transportation (20.8%; 25.3%; 17.9%), and (4) suffocation/asphyxiation (21.4%; 20.2%; 28.4%) and injuries because of suicide intent (−16.2%, 19.9%, 21.8%).

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric injury-related ED visits declined in general. However, there was a relative increase in injuries with the highest severity, which warrants further investigation.
DIE STEEL 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 FOR HOT DEFORMATION OF COPPER
Authors: Sydorchuk О. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Obtaining forged die steel (4Х4Н5М4Ф2) with adjustable austenitic transformation during operation, electroslag remelting and installation of optimal modes of heat-deformation treatment (annealing, forging, hardening and tempering). Manufacture of large parts such as wheels of extruders from forged steel brand 4Х4Н5М4Ф2with experimental and industrial tests for hot deformation of copper at operating temperatures below the critical point A1.
Methods of research. Metallographic analysis of experimental die steels 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 and Н13 (analog 4Х4Н5М4Ф2).
Results. Experimental-industrial tests of 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 forged steel extruder wheels for hot deformation of M1 copper have shown increased stability compared to H13 steel used at one of the Chinese enterprises.
Scientific novelty. In the process of partial recrystallization of alloyed structural forged steel 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 a spheroidized carbide component is formed, which leads to improved machining of the workpiece for the manufacture of parts such as extruder wheels.
Practical value. The possibility of using steel (4Х4Н5М4Ф2) with adjustable austenitic transformation in operation for a wide range of operating temperatures (below the critical point A1 and above the critical point A3) for hot deformation of copper (up to 630 °C), copper-nickel (900–950 °C) and aluminum alloy (450–500 °C) with increased service life was shown. To facilitate machining by cutting the workpiece in the manufacture of dies from steel 4Х4Н5М4Ф2, it was proposed to conduct a partial recrystallization, namely incomplete annealing at a temperature of 750±20 °C. The studied forged steel 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 is characterized with increased in hardness and strength limit compared to H13 steel, after operation of the wheels of extruders (manufacture of more than 60 tons of copper products).