bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bet v 1 triggers antiviral‐type immune signalling in birch‐pollen‐allergic individuals
Authors: Wisgrill Lukas , Fyhrquist Nanna , Ndika Joseph , Paalanen Laura , Berger Angelika , Laatikainen Tiina , Karisola Piia , Haahtela Tari , Alenius Harri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn allergic patients, clinical symptoms caused by pollen remind of symptoms triggered by viral respiratory infections, which are also the main cause of asthmatic exacerbations. In patients sensitized to birch pollen, Bet v 1 is the major symptom‐causing allergen. Immune mechanisms driving Bet v 1‐related responses of human blood cells have not been fully characterized.ObjectiveTo characterize the immune response to Bet v 1 in peripheral blood in patients allergic to birch pollen.MethodsThe peripheral blood mononuclear cells of birch‐allergic (n = 24) and non‐allergic (n = 47) adolescents were stimulated ex‐vivo followed by transcriptomic profiling. Systems‐biology approaches were employed to decipher disease‐relevant gene networks and deconvolution of associated cell populations.ResultsSolely in birch‐allergic patients, co‐expression analysis revealed activation of networks of innate immunity and antiviral signalling as the immediate response to Bet v 1 stimulation. Toll‐like receptors and signal transducer transcription were the main drivers of gene expression patterns. Macrophages and dendritic cells were the main cell subsets responding to Bet v 1.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn birch‐pollen‐allergic patients, the activated innate immune networks seem to be, in part, the same as those activated during viral infections. This tendency of the immune system to read pollens as viruses may provide new insight to allergy prevention and treatment.
Selection of both habitat and genes in specialized and endangered caribou
Authors: Cavedon Maria , vonHoldt Bridgett , Hebblewhite Mark , Hegel Troy , Heppenheimer Elizabeth , Hervieux Dave , Mariani Stefano , Schwantje Helen , Steenweg Robin , Watters Megan , Musiani Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenetic mechanisms determining habitat selection and specialization of individuals within species have been hypothesized, but not tested at the appropriate individual level in nature. In this work, we analyzed habitat selection for 139 GPS‐collared caribou belonging to 3 declining ecotypes sampled throughout Northwestern Canada. We used Resource Selection Functions comparing resources at used and available locations. We found that the 3 caribou ecotypes differed in their use of habitat suggesting specialization. On expected grounds, we also found differences in habitat selection between summer and winter, but also, originally, among the individuals within an ecotype. We next obtained Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for the same caribou individuals, we detected those associated to habitat selection, and then identified genes linked to these SNPs. These genes had functions related in other organisms to habitat and dietary specializations, and climatic adaptations. We therefore suggest that individual variation in habitat selection was based on genotypic variation in the SNPs of individual caribou, indicating that genetic forces underlie habitat and diet selection in the species. We also suggest that the associations between habitat and genes that we detected may lead to lack of resilience in the species, thus contributing to caribou endangerment. Our work emphasizes that similar mechanisms may exist for other specialized, endangered species.
Outcome of kidney transplantations from ≥65‐year‐old deceased donors with acute kidney injury
Authors: Echterdiek Fabian , Kitterer Daniel , Dippon Jürgen , Ott Matthias , Paul Gregor , Latus Joerg , Schwenger Vedat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKidney transplantation (KT) from donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with delayed graft function (DGF) but similar graft survival compared with KT from donors without AKI. Kidneys from ≥65‐year‐old donors with comorbidities are more susceptible to cold ischemia time (CIT) and DGF and it is unknown whether such elderly kidneys with AKI can also be transplanted with satisfactory outcomes.All KTs from ≥65‐year‐old donors performed at our center from 1999 to 2019 (n = 233) were retrospectively analyzed and short‐ as well as long‐term outcomes were compared for KTs from donors with (n = 64) and without AKI (n = 169).There were no significant differences regarding the frequency of DGF as well as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 1 and 3 years post‐transplant between the no‐AKI and the AKI group (DGF: no‐AKI 30.2% vs. AKI 40.6%, P = .17; eGFR at 1‐year: 31.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 35.5 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = .32; at 3‐years: 33.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 40.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = .18; respectively). Death‐censored graft survival and patient survival were also not significantly different. Multivariable Cox regression analysis did not identify AKI as a significant risk factor for graft loss or death.Following careful donor and recipient selection, kidneys from ≥65‐year‐old AKI donors may potentially be transplanted with satisfactory outcomes.
3D‐Druck‐ und Silikonmodelle der Primäreffloreszenzen für die dermatologische Lehre im Fernstudium
Authors: Clanner‐ Engelshofen Benjamin M. , Frommherz Leonie , Mitwalli Mohammed , Stadler Pia‐Charlotte , French Lars E. , Reinholz Markus 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Ziele: Die Corona‐Pandemie betrifft eine Fülle von verschiedenen Lebensaspekten – Herausforderungen in der medizinischen Behandlung sind hier unzweifelhaft von höchster Wichtigkeit. Allerdings muss auch, um die Ausbildung von Studierenden zu gewährleisten, fortlaufende medizinische Lehre stattfinden. Während eines Semesters mit Lockdown‐Phasen und eingeschränktem Patientenkontakt für die Studierenden schickten wir jedem Studierenden ein Silikonmodell zu und baten um die Evaluation dieses Lernwerkzeugs.Methoden: Mittels zweier vollständig und irreversibel anonymisierter Online‐Fragebögen befragten wir Studierende des Dermatologie‐Semesters (n = 222) an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität in München im Wintersemester 2020/2021 – anschließend an Online‐Lehre – zu ihrem Verständnis und der Eigeneinschätzung zu Primäreffloreszenzen vor und nach Erhalt der Silikonübungsmodelle. Diese wurden durch Schichtung verschiedener Silikontypen in negative 3D‐Polylactid‐Formen hergestellt, um bestimmte Festigkeiten und Farben darzustellen.Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden Fragebögen von 211 (95,0 %) und 213 (95,9 %) der 222 Studierenden analysiert, jeweils vor und nach dem Erhalt der Silikonmodelle. Die Studierenden gaben eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme ihrer Fähigkeiten an (P < 0,001). Ein Großteil der Studierenden evaluierte die Silikonmodelle positiv und berichtete von einem besseren Verständnis und Lernen der Primäreffloreszenzen.Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Lehrstudie zeigt die Vorzüge der haptischen Erfahrung in der dermatologischen Lehre auf – nicht nur in Zeiten von COVID‐19, sondern auch danach.
FGF–FGFR signaling promotes the development of invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Mateus Duarte , Wiedlocha Antoni 
Published: February 2022

Cervical cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies among women worldwide. The main cause of cervical cancer is the human papilloma virus (HPV). Mahmood et al. investigated in detail the role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis in the development of the invasive form of the disease. The presented work clearly indicates the FGFR signaling as an additional but important factor for the development of a highly malignant tumor.Comment on https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16331
Complications and their management following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in conjunction with retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Kanno Toru , Kobori Go , Ito Katsuhiro , Nakagawa Hiromichi , Takahashi Toshifumi , Takaoka Naoto , Somiya Shinya , Nagahama Kanji , Ito Masaaki , Megumi Yuzuru , Higashi Yoshihito , Moroi Seiji , Akao Toshiya , Yamada Hitoshi 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the detailed perioperative complications and their management after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma at three institutions.MethodsRetroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma located at the pelvis and/or upper or middle ureter, and its template included the renal hilar and para‐aortic lymph nodes (left side) and the renal hilar, paracaval, retrocaval, and intra‐aortocaval lymph nodes (right side). The lymph nodes and kidneys were removed en bloc. The primary endpoint was postoperative complication rates, and the secondary endpoints were intraoperative findings and chylous leakage management. The associations of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with postoperative complications were examined using logistic regression with propensity score techniques.ResultsEighty‐eight (31%) and 195 (69%) patients underwent and did not undergo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, respectively. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications and other perioperative findings in the entire cohort, except for prolonged operation time. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was not statistically significantly associated with total and serious complications in propensity score analyses. Postoperative chylous leakage could be conservatively managed even though it is common in patients with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (14/88 (16%)). The incidence of chylous leakage was significantly lower in patients whose lymphatic vessels were meticulously clipped completely during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (5.3% vs 24%; P = 0.017).ConclusionThere was no association between retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy and postoperative complications. However, chylous leakage is often observed after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and careful management is highly required. The use of clips during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended to minimize chylous leakage risk.
Introduction: Worldwide patterns of legal segmentation in employment law
Authors: MÜCKENBERGER Ulrich , DINGELDEY Irene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis Special Issue aims to enrich the discussion on individual employment re‐regulation by introducing the concept of legal segmentation from a global perspective and distinguishing between the standard‐setting, privileging and equalizing functions of employment law. This introductory article draws on a new database created by the authors that allows countries worldwide to be clustered into types of legal segmentation. It presents the authors' methodology and initial findings, which are contrasted with the regional and thematic studies in this Special Issue. Together, these contributions provide policy proposals to support the creation and enforcement of inclusive rules protecting all working people worldwide.
Differentiation of human macrophages with anaphylatoxin C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization and decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine secretion
Authors: Mogilenko Denis A , Danko Katerina , Larionova Ekaterina E , Shavva Vladimir S , Kudriavtsev Igor V , Nekrasova Ekaterina V , Burnusuz Alexandra V , Gorbunov Nikolay P , Trofimov Alexander V , Zhakhov Alexander V , Ivanov Igor A , Orlov Sergey V 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnaphylatoxin C3a is a small signaling polypeptide that is generated during complement activation. C3a is involved in the regulation of various innate and adaptive immune system processes; however, the role of C3a in macrophage differentiation and polarization is poorly elucidated. Here we showed that C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization of human macrophages and suppressed CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 expression. C3a leads to a decrease of nuclear receptor PPARγ expression via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, resulting in repressed PPARγ‐dependent activation of CD36, FABP4 and LXRα genes and blunted response to an LXR ligand TO901317. Using small interfering RNA and agonist/antagonist approaches we showed that C3a decreases CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 transcription at least partly in a PPARγ‐dependent manner in M2 macrophages. Moreover, C3a impairs efferocytosis by M2 macrophages and inhibits their migratory activity. By contrast, macrophages treated with C3a during differentiation show blunted response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation owing to downregulation of TLR4 and lipid raft content. At the same time, differentiation of macrophages with C3a does not change M1 polarization in interferon gamma (IFNγ) and IFNγ + lipopolysaccharide–treated macrophages. These data provide a novel role of complement system and C3a in the regulation of M2 macrophage polarizations and suggest crosstalk between C3a, TLR4, PPARγ and LXR signaling pathways.
Democracy and terrorism in Africa
Authors: Iheonu Chimere O. , Asongu Simplice A. , Agbutun Shedrach A. , Ifelunini Innocent A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study adds to the body of existing literature on the relationship between democracy and terrorism by investigating the impact of democracy on terrorism in 26 African countries. The study utilises a robust measure of democracy known as the varieties of democracy index, which has been observed in literature to be more superior to conventional measures of democracy. A composite index of terrorism was derived from the number of terrorism incidents, the number of terrorist fatalities, and the number of terrorist injuries utilising the principal component analysis. The study utilises a fixed effects regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and accounts for simultaneity utilising the first lags of the regressors as instruments. The results reveal an inverted U‐shaped relationship between democracy and terrorism in the selected African countries. In particular, early stages of democracy are associated with higher levels of terrorism while later stages of democracy are associated with lower levels of terrorism. These findings are robust when the negative binomial regression suitable for count data dependent variables is employed.
Preventing facial pressure injuries among health care staff working in diverse COVID‐19 care environments
Authors: Moore Zena , Moore David , McEvoy Natalie L. , Avsar Pinar , O'Connor Tom , Budri Aglecia , Curley Gerard , Walsh Simone , Burke Frank , Porter‐Armstrong Alison , Chaboyer Wendy , Rice John , Patton Declan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of a specially designed care bundle on the development of facial pressure injuries among frontline health care workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This was a mixed methods study. First, a pre‐posttest observational design was employed to evaluate the impact of the pre‐piloted intervention, a care bundle including skin cleansing and hydration, protective material use, facemask selection and skin inspection, developed in line with international best practice guidelines. Data were collected using survey methodology. Frontline COVID‐19 staff working in acute, community and ambulance services were invited to participate. Then, judgemental and volunteer sampling was used to select participants to undertake semi‐structured interviews to elicit feedback on their perceptions of the care bundle. The sample included 120 acute hospital staff, 60 Ambulance staff, 24 Community Hub staff and 20 COVID‐19 testing centre staff. A survey response rate of 61% was realised (n = 135/224). Of the participants, 32% (n = 43) had a facial pressure ulcer (FPI) pre‐intervention and 13% (n = 18) developed an FPI while using the care bundle. The odds ratio (OR) was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.61; P = .0004), indicating a 77% reduction in the odds of FPI development with use of the care bundle. Analysis of the qualitative data from 22 interviews identified three key themes, the context for the care bundle, the ease of use of the care bundle and the care bundle as a solution to FPI development. The care bundle reduced the incidence of FPI among the participants and was found to be easy to use. Implementation of skin protection for frontline staff continues to be important given the persistently high incidence of COVID‐19 and the ongoing need to wear PPE for protracted durations.
Giardia intestinalis and its endomembrane system*
Authors: Benchimol Marlene , de Souza Wanderley 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiardia intestinalis has unique characteristics, even in the absence of certain organelles. For instance, Golgi and mitochondria are not found. On the other hand, there is a network of peripheral vacuoles (PVs) and mitosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nuclear membrane, peroxisomes, and lipid bodies are present. The peripheral vacuole system seems to play several simultaneous roles. It is involved in the endocytic activity of the trophozoite but also has characteristics of early and late endosomes and even lysosomes, establishing a connection with the ER. Some of the PVs contain small vesicles, acting as multivesicular bodies, including the release of exosomes. The mitosomes are surrounded by two membranes, divide during mitosis, and are distributed throughout the cell. They do not contain DNA, enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle, respiratory chain, or ATP synthesis. However, they contain the iron–sulfur complex and transporters as TOM and TIM. Some mitosomes are linked to flagellar axonemes through a fibrillar connection. During encystation, two types of larger cytoplasmic vesicles appear. One originating from the ER contains the cyst wall proteins. Another contains carbohydrates. Both migrate to the cell periphery and fuse with plasma membrane secreting their contents to give rise to the cell wall.
Synthetic Control Method: A tool for comparative case studies in economic history
Authors: Gilchrist David , Emery Thomas , Garoupa Nuno , Spruk Rok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Synthetic Control Method (SCM) has become a widely used tool in both identifying and estimating the causal impact of policies, shocks, and interventions of interest on economic and social outcomes. The technique has become particularly popular in estimating the effect of these shocks on a single treated unit. As a transparent and data‐driven statistical technique, the goal of the SCM is to construct an artificial control group for the treated unit that has similar pretreatment characteristics but has not undergone the treatment itself thus developing a plausible counterfactual against which impacts resulting from structural changes can be evaluated as part of a historical investigation. The method works well when the control group balances pre‐intervention outcomes and auxiliary covariates as much as possible. In spite of its widespread adoption, the use of the SCM in comparative economic history has lagged behind other areas of economics. In this article, we critically review the properties of the SCM and discuss the necessary conditions for a plausible application of the technique to comparative economic history in support of research designed to answer some of the long‐running historical questions and demonstrate the potential to use SCM in comparative economic history studies by estimating the impact of the oil discovery in the 1920s on Venezuela's long‐term economic growth.
How do initial migrants choose their locations? Interregional migration in Japan from 1899 to 1938
Authors: Igarashi Akira 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhat regional factors determine the size of the immigrant population in a region? Previous studies have identified the immigrant network in a region as a main determinant of immigrants' location choices. However, these studies have not answered the question of how the first groups of immigrants decided where to live in the absence of pre‐existing networks in the destination country. Using Japanese historical data from 1899 to 1938, I test how jobs, quality of life, and gateway areas attracted immigrants to settle. The results of the analysis with regional panel data show that higher income, more employment opportunities in transportation industries, and sunshine increase the size of the immigrant population in a region. Economic opportunities in other growing industries (i.e., silk and cotton industries and commercial sectors) are rather deterrents for immigrants. I discuss the reasons for these findings and the implications for future studies.
Apple flavor and its effects on sensory characteristics and consumer preference
Authors: MacKenzie Jordan R. , Duizer Lisa M. , Bowen Amy J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe focus within the apple industry is to identify varieties most preferred by consumers. To help with this, it is necessary to emphasize the discovery of flavor perceptions responsible for consumer preference in apples. The present study aimed to determine which flavor attributes are associated with different apple varieties, determine which apple varieties consumers prefer, and to determine which flavor attributes are contributing to consumer preference. Over two subsequent years, a trained sensory panel (n = 10, n = 15) evaluated 27 and 28 varieties, respectively. Intensity ratings of taste, flavor, and texture characteristics for each apple variety were recorded. This data was paired with an untrained consumer hedonic evaluation (n = 226) using a subset of apple varieties (n = 16). Results revealed that two large groups of apple consumers exist. Group 1 (29%) emphasized the importance of texture, while Group 2 (49%) was primarily driven by sweet taste, and honey and floral flavors with less focus on texture.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this research provide insight into the positive and negative preference drivers of apple consumers. By understanding flavors associated with consumer preference, the information can be used as a tool to aid breeding programs in the creation of consumer‐centric apples that will be commercialized. Additionally, through the creation of an external preference map, a point‐of‐reference has been created to serve as a predictor for upcoming apple varieties to the Ontario apple industry.