bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in Strategy Research
Authors: Sund Kristian J. , Galavan Robert J. , Huff Anne S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Strategic decision-making invariably involves making inferences about the future, a future that cannot be fully known. While all decisions carry risk, uncertainty arises from the inability to assign probability estimates to future events and is thus a key concept within strategy. Yet, strategy scholars sometimes use the concept of uncertainty in ways that obscure, rather than clarify, what they mean. Indeed, constructs such as risk, uncertainty, volatility, complexity, ambiguity, and dynamism are often used interchangeably and without clarification of concept. In this chapter, the authors aim to provide the reader with a clarifying overview of the classical work on uncertainty in strategy research and give examples of the more recent evolution of the concept. A particular emphasis is on the relationship between uncertainty and complementary constructs. The authors illustrate some of the strategy perspectives that surround both objective and subjective uncertainty and end the overview by commenting on new sources of uncertainty.
Transforming Information Uncertainty into Employee Well-Being and Resilience
Authors: Rothman Naomi B. , Pratt Michael G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on what organizations and their leaders can do to facilitate employee well-being and resilience when faced with chronic uncertainty, and offers an unexpected source: ambivalence, defined as the simultaneous experience of opposing orientations toward an object or target. The authors argue that ambivalence can trigger sensemaking, which in turn motivates individuals to reach out to others to help cope, thus mitigating the effects of uncertainty. Such sensemaking is most likely to occur when organizational cultures promote the feeling and expression of emotional ambivalence rather than simply positive emotions (e.g., “look on the bright side”). By focusing on emotional ambivalence, this chapter challenges Western notions of what good business leaders are and what they should do when faced with informational uncertainty. The authors argue that ambivalence is an under-appreciated and valuable resource for producing resilience in times of chronic uncertainty. Perhaps most importantly, the authors introduce the concept of organizational cultures of emotional ambivalence. In doing so, the authors question the overwhelming focus on “cultures of positivity” found in much business press.
Self-Uncertainty and Social Identity Processes in Organizations
Authors: Hogg Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Uncertainty identity theory is a social psychological theory that assigns self-uncertainty a significant motivational role in group identification and associated group and intergroup behaviors. The aim of this chapter is to clarify the theory’s relevance to organizational and management dynamics. People strive to reduce feelings of uncertainty about themselves, and can accomplish this very successfully by group identification. Some groups and identities are better at reducing uncertainty; when self-uncertainty is elevated people strive to identify with and be accepted by groups that are distinctive and well-structured, have clear and directive leadership and an unambiguous and clearly defined identity, and within which members are interdependent and share identity-based similarity. This uncertainty-identity dynamic is largely beneficial for individuals, teams, organizations and society. But it can have detrimental consequence associated with zealotry, partisanship, conflict, populism, and an echo-chamber mindset. The author describes the theory’s concepts and processes, and the beneficial and deleterious consequences of self-uncertainty. The author closes by suggesting how undesirable consequences can be combatted through organizational leadership and management.
Are Certain People More Prone Toward Infidelity?
Authors: Altgelt Emma E. , McNulty James K. , Meltzer Andrea L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Individual differences in personality and other traits may be associated with the likelihood that people or their partners will engage in infidelity. This chapter reviews research examining these possibilities. It begins by reviewing research examining associations between infidelity and (a) the Big Five, (b) Dark Triad, (c) attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), and (d) sociosexual orientation. For each individual difference, it considers the extent to which each trait is associated with individuals’ own as well as their partners’ likelihood of engaging in infidelity. This chapter then outlines the importance of using strong methodologies to examine the association between personality and infidelity, including the importance of examining the role of both partners’ personalities and using strong measures of infidelity. This chapter concludes by highlighting important avenues for future research in this domain.
Deception and Secrecy in Infidelity
Authors: Hughes Susan M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Infidelity is rooted in secrecy and deceit. The deception can include both falsification (i.e., active lying) and concealment (i.e., omission of information) of extrapair liaisons. Infidelity deception can also take the form of engagement in secret online indiscretions. Those who are more likely to engage in infidelity deception possess certain qualities related to high sociosexuality and Machiavellianism, and also have a history of serial infidelity. Given the secretive nature of infidelity, there are strategies that individuals use to uncover secrets. These cheater detection strategies may involve active information seeking (e.g., snooping on partner) or the use of implicit cues such as assessing subtle behavioral changes or examining the facial and vocal patterns of a cheater. Deception can also be directed toward the extrapair partner to attain or maintain the extradyadic relationship. Further, there is deception involved with a potential consequence of infidelity—cuckoldry; misattributed paternity is definitive proof of infidelity that has been kept hidden. Even after a sexual infidelity has been exposed, the responses presented to one’s partner may not always be laden with truth and transparency with regard to the unfaithful acts and the feelings toward the extrapair partner. The motivation to maintain an in-pair partnership and the amount of knowledge already gathered by an in-pair partner about the transgressions can facilitate different incentives for exposing the disloyalty and/or offering concessions. This chapter presents an overview of the literature that examines the secret and deceptive aspects of infidelity.
The Nature of Infidelity in Nonheterosexual Relationships
Authors: Lehmiller Justin J. , Selterman Dylan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes research on nonmonogamous practices in nonheterosexual relationships. Specifically, it explores (1) the prevalence of both consensual nonmonogamy (e.g., open relationships, polyamory) and nonconsensual nonmonogamy (i.e., infidelity) in this population, (2) factors that may explain why both types of nonmonogamy appear to be more prevalent among sexual minorities, (3) predictors of attitudes toward and experiences with infidelity (including personality traits and attachment style), and (4) reactions to infidelity among sexual minorities compared to heterosexual persons. We also describe several important directions for future research in this area, including suggestions for improving measurement, given that much previous research on sexual minorities has conflated all forms of nonmonogamy, regardless of whether it was consensual or nonconsensual. This review establishes an ambitious agenda for continued work in this area, while also challenging popular ideas and assumptions about various nonmonogamous practices.
Predicting Infidelity in the Context of Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Campbell Kelly , Brown Tiffany L. , McKinley Brandyn-Dior 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the intrapersonal, relational, and environmental predictors of infidelity across the major racial/ethnic groups in the United States including African, Asian, European, Latin, and Native Americans. It also reviews cross-cultural research on the topic of race/ethnicity and infidelity. It begins by defining key terms and identifying the predictors of infidelity that apply across racial/ethnic groups. In addition, historical, societal, and cultural factors that influence individuals’ intimate relationship beliefs and practices are highlighted throughout to help contextualize the underlying motivations for infidelity. Several theoretical frameworks including social exchange and interdependence, symbolic interaction, intersectionality, and bioecological are used to advance the discussion. It concludes by identifying the limitations of extant work and providing directions for researchers and practitioners.
Social Versus Sexual Monogamy
Authors: Salmon Catherine A. , Hehman Jessica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Monogamy is sometimes understood as a type of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. Thus, serial monogamy refers to the practice of having only one partner during a specific period of time. Based on current divorce rates in modern Western populations, humans are often referred to as serially monogamous. However, there is also a distinction to be made between social and sexual monogamy. Social monogamy reflects a socially recognized relationship in which two individuals live together, have sexual relations, and cooperate in the acquisition and sharing of resources, and often the care of offspring. Sexual monogamy consists of two individuals who are sexually exclusive, having no sexual partners outside of the pair. While many pairings can be both socially and sexually monogamous, sexual monogamy is not always found in socially monogamous relationships. This chapter reviews research that examines the factors influencing social and sexual monogamy and the role infidelity can play in social monogamy in humans and nonhuman animals.
“The Perfect Nanny”
Authors: Woller Megan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the status of Walt Disney’s Mary Poppins (1964) as the standard for children’s musicals in the 1960s and beyond, considering the role of casting in this legacy. Disney’s Mary Poppins not only launched Julie Andrews into fame but used her already growing career and well-honed talent in shaping the final film. Related to the discussion of Andrews’s rising star power is the fact that Mary Poppins featured another prominent stage, television, and film actor: Dick Van Dyke. Casting plays an important role in how Disney’s film adapts the book series by author P. L. Travers. As such, this chapter considers how the characters, with a focus on Mary Poppins herself, change in the translation from page to screen. All these factors come together in the reception of Mary Poppins as the gold standard for family-friendly film musicals.
Night and Day, the Musical
Authors: Eisen Cliff 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The late 1930s and early 1940s witnessed an upsurge in historical biopics, sometimes based on European figures such as Marie Antoinette and Marie Curie, but more often than not based on the lives of Americans, including cowboys and frontiersmen, politicians and military figures, inventors, writers, athletes and criminals, including Wyatt Earp, Jesse James, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Alva Edison, Edgar Allan Poe, Lou Gehrig, and John Dillinger, among others. At the end of the war, some cultural figures, especially composers whose works were seen as particularly American and that could contribute to global American cultural hegemony in a postwar world, were featured as well. In 1945 and 1946, three such pictures were released: Rhapsody in Blue, a Gershwin film featuring Robert Alda as the composer; Night and Day, a life of Cole Porter starring Cary Grant; and Till the Clouds Roll By, a biopic of Jerome Kern starring Robert Walker. In the case of Night and Day, it may be worth asking whether generic categories adequately account for the specifics and seeming point of the film. An otherwise apparently unknown early treatment of the Night and Day script, together with imagery from the show’s lobby cards as well as the finished film itself, suggest that Night and Day is primarily a good old-fashioned romance and that, in its relationship to Porter’s music, most closely approximates a jukebox musical.
“Make Like You’re Singing It”
Authors: Symonds Dominic 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Judy Garland is one of the most celebrated performers from Hollywood’s Golden Age. This chapter suggests that Garland’s musicality gave her a unique way of controlling her vocal presence on the screen. It explores how Garland used her exceptional musical skills to craft the music of her performance—not the music of her songs per se, but the music of her acting. It suggests that Garland brought her abilities as a singer—or more specifically, as a musician—into her wider performance, crafting her acting approach with musical qualities inspired by Mickey Rooney. Her mastery of musicality—supported by the complicity of Roger Edens—gave her authority over her performance, enabling her to reclaim agency over her voice and body, and, ultimately, power over her persona. Thanks to that agency, her lasting legacy was something that Garland could keep subtly out of reach of the studio bosses and their relative musical ignorance, even while the enigmatic talent of her voice was openly displayed in her performances, claimed as an MGM asset, and celebrated by audiences.
Xanadu and the Musical’s History of Failure
Authors: Shearer Martha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Xanadu (Robert Greenwald, 1980) was a failure. It narrates a clear desire to revive the glory days of the Hollywood musical, but was wildly unsuccessful in doing so. While the film has since acquired something of a cult following, such that a stage adaptation opened on Broadway in 2007, its ambitions were clearly far bigger, and that cult audience remains modest. This chapter pays attention to the film’s own interest in success, its relationship to real estate and property development narratives both on- and offscreen, its use of special effects, and its relationship to generic traditions in order to unpick the particular resonances of its failure. It argues that the nature of its failure needs to be understood in the context of a wildly uncertain period for both the film industry and the musical, principally the reassertion of studio control and the emergence of generic forms more suited to such conditions. Those contexts shape not only the success narrative Xanadu constructs but also the frequently jarring and baffling ways it conveys that narrative. Its textual incoherence is of interest not only for what it reveals about those contexts, but also for precisely how it renders the film resistant to capitalist dynamics all the while embracing them on a representational level. Above all, Xanadu is a way into the particular attractions, and risks, that success/failure dynamics have held for the musical throughout its tumultuous history.
Musical Television
Authors: Feuer Jane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This essay traces shifting definitions of theatricality through the genre of quality drama, a genre that is also televisual and cinematic. It offers readings of Smash and makes reference to Glee and the Judy Garland Show in an attempt to show the relationships between the stage and screen models of the musical. The film musicals of the 1930s used vaudeville and Broadway revues as intertexts; later musicals had earlier film musicals as the internal show. Glee had a 1963 television show within a 2011 television show. Yet the live theatrical internal show continued to thrive in theater and in cinema. The compelling nature of live performance persisted as an intertext for film and television long after theater had ceased to be a dominant medium in popular culture. Considering this long history of texts about “Show Business” and” “Show People,” it is not surprising to find a backstage musical being made in 2012. What is surprising is that a backstage musical about the production of a Broadway show should be made for US network television at this late date. Theatricality structured the genre of quality drama but Smash was something even more than the theatrical: it was theater at every level.
Singing and Dancing in Widescreen
Authors: Decker Todd 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the mid-1950s, the Hollywood studios abruptly converted to widescreen aspect ratios, which brought with them dramatically larger screens in first-run movie palaces. This industry-wide shift fundamentally changed the spatial context for screen song and dance and had visible effects on the performing body as staged, choreographed, framed, and edited in the Hollywood musical genre. This chapter considers a corpus of thirty-one widescreen musical films released by the major Hollywood studios between 1954 and 1958 and attends rather narrowly to the suddenly urgent question faced by the makers of these films: how to stage and frame the singing and dancing body in widescreen.
Feminism Is Dead, Long Live Feminisms
Authors: Rich Camille Gear 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to postmodern legal feminism; it explores the fading status of old forms of feminist knowledge and the emergence of new vibrant voices that can be harmonized using postmodern feminist understandings. Section I offers an historical account of postmodern legal feminism’s emergence, exploring common concerns raised about postmodernism’s role in complicating feminist legal reform. Section II examines postmodern concepts that have been underutilized in feminist legal theory, arguing that their full usage would better position feminists to meet today’s gender justice challenges. Section III provides illustrations of postmodern legal feminist analysis, demonstrating how postmodern tools allow us to produce better insights in an era of conflicting, competing information and political claims. As the chapter shows, postmodern tools allow feminists to ask better questions and produce better answers as we analyze the fractured feminist gains of the twentieth century, and map areas of twenty-first-century growth.
Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan
Authors: Shaffer Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Toyohiko Kagawa (1888–1960) was a Japanese Christian socialist and pacifist who rose to prominence through his work with impoverished slum-dwellers, industrial workers, and peasants. While scholars note lapses in his pacifism, Kagawa criticized his nation’s 1931 invasion of Manchuria and was briefly imprisoned several times for criticizing Japanese militarism. He spent much of World War II under police surveillance, but also made statements used by his government to justify its war effort. After World War II Kagawa defended Japan’s new antiwar constitution, and he helped lead his nation’s powerful anti-nuclear weapons and world federalist movements, even while often embracing Cold War policies. Kagawa’s global significance stems largely from his widely read books and his travels abroad, as he convinced many Americans and Europeans that economic cooperatives were the Christian alternative to both capitalism and communism and that only they could provide the economic basis to eliminate wars’ causes.
Mohandas Gandhi
Authors: Presbey Gail 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter focuses on Gandhi’s political action, and his refining of methods for nonviolent action. The article begins with precursors to Gandhi including the suffragettes and Tolstoy. Ashrams were the backbone of Gandhi’s nonviolent method, and simple living and “constructive program” (eradicating poverty) were central to his focus on Hind Swaraj (which meant self-rule as well as Indian home rule). The analysis follows the development of “satyagraha” as a concept, addresses several satyagraha actions from 1906 to Gandhi’s death in 1948, while focusing on the development of methods such as the strike, fasting, filling jails due to civil disobedience, boycotts, and pilgrimages. It covers controversies such as the tension between violent (Marxist and other) and nonviolent means, and breakdowns of nonviolent discipline. It concludes by looking at Gandhi’s influence on W. E. B. DuBois and other pan-Africanists, as well as the US Civil Rights movement, including Bayard Rustin and M. L. King.
The Future of Peace History
Authors: Goode Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that peace history must be mainstreamed within the historical profession if the field is to thrive going forward. There are two challenges to overcome: (1) most historians are either indifferent to or unaware of peace history as a field, and (2) historians are underrepresented in peace studies and thus have effectively conceded peace research to other disciplines. The result is that peace research outside of history is poorly historicized, and peace as a subject within history is poorly theorized. Most historians understand “peace” to mean negative peace, and John Galtung’s normative framing of positive peace as social justice is not very useful for a profession that has an overarching ethical commitment to uncovering the violence of the past. Ironically, many historians, including those doing cutting edge work on histories of slavery and colonialism, are peace historians without being aware of it. Historians outside of peace studies must become more aware of the ways that peace is implicated in their work, and peace historians need to continue to push the historical profession toward novel and better historicizations of peace. To facilitate this transformation, the author suggests “right ordering” as a theoretical alternative to Galtung’s positive and negative peace. Viewing peace as a discourse on right ordering means looking for the ways in which people in the past sought to order their world according to their particular notions of harmony. Peace was both a language and an assertion of power. It could enable violence or seek to limit it.
Effective Training and Delivery of ACT
Authors: Walser Robyn D. , Wharton Emily Rachel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The dissemination of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as an evidence-based intervention is well underway. As a scientifically supported treatment approach, ACT may be considered a best practice in promoting well-being among those who suffer from psychological and emotional challenges. Optimizing mental health means not only understanding the mechanisms and processes by which individuals come to suffer and recover; it also means ensuring the successful dissemination and implementation of the practice. Sound dissemination processes for ACT include guiding researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and other stakeholders in the effective training and delivery of ACT as a best practice sustained over time. The process of widespread dissemination is subject to dilution of innovation—an adoption strategy wherein the “tools” of ACT are loosely adopted rather than the successful training of its principles and processes. Effective training concerns fidelity, adherence, and competency in ACT. There is a need for competency-based training that includes both workshops and ongoing consultation. This article proposes a model for disseminating and implementing ACT in clinics and large settings and reviews an example of ACT training in the Veterans Health Administration. Finally, it presents recommendations for future research and dissemination efforts of ACT training and supervision.