bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When firms go international: deliberate or random?
Authors: Vinhas da Silva Rui , Ferreira-Lopes Alexandra , Carvalho Helena , Duarte José 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The net outward investment position (NOIP) indicator is insufficient for the purposes of understanding firms’ internationalization decision-making behaviour. The indicator does not allow for the withdrawal of insights into the structure of an economy and is a weak predictor of the degree of foreign direct investment. The purpose of this paper is to argue that a typology of firms aggregated according to intrinsic characteristics of those firms is a better predictor of the degree of internationalization of an economy than the NOIP.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a database of 2,133 firms located in Portugal with international operations, made available by AICEP, a government agency. This paper uses multiple correspondence and cluster analyses to build a typology of firms and obtains evidence of common characteristics of the constituent groups.

Findings
This paper identifies a typology of firms characterized by five types differentiated by firm age, length of internationalization process, sector of economic activity, legal status and psychological/cultural proximity. These variables suggest an evolutionary, iterative, self-learning approach to internationalization, which can be better explained by the combined use of the investment development path (IDP) framework, the Uppsala Evolutionary School and Vernon’s product life cycle theory. Additionally, this paper finds that the most striking differences between developed and developing host countries are in terms of the economic sector, legal status of the firm and belonging (or not) to an economic group.

Originality/value
This paper establishes a link between the IDP framework, the Uppsala Evolutionary School and Vernon’s product life cycle theory, using a categorization of firms made according to selected characteristics to understand the internationalization of firms.
The distinctiveness of public sector HRM: A four‐wave trend analysis
Authors: Knies Eva , Borst Rick T. , Leisink Peter , Farndale Elaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGiven the rhetoric that human resource management (HRM) models adopted by public and private organisations are becoming more similar, this study questions whether the traditional distinction between public and private sector HRM is still relevant. Building from institutional theory, we study continuity and change using four‐wave data from eight European countries. We find that the traditional public sector investment in employee well‐being continues to be distinctive only for HRM practices aimed at equal opportunities. Private sector organisations, on the other hand, make greater use of performance‐oriented HRM practices including compensation and benefits, performance appraisal data, and modern development and career management practices. Cross‐sector convergence is explained through coercive and mimetic isomorphic change, while persistent differences indicate that time‐honoured public sector values are less susceptible to change. This study provides a much‐needed update of the public‐private comparison and a trend analysis of developments over time.
Stability and viability of synbiotic microgels incorporated into liquid, Greek and frozen yogurts
Authors: Cezarino Eliza Cristina , Guedes Silva Karen Cristina , Souza Almeida Flávia , Kawazoe Sato Ana Carla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus when co‐encapsulated with fructooligosaccharides in alginate–gelatin microgels, for incorporation into liquid, Greek, and frozen yogurts, during storage and in vitro‐simulated digestion was studied. Liquid yogurt provided the highest viability for the encapsulated probiotics during storage, followed by frozen and Greek formulations when compared to free probiotics, highlighting the influence of microencapsulation, yogurt composition, and storage conditions. Addition of up to 20% of probiotic (AG) and symbiotic (AGF) microgels did not cause significant changes in the liquid and frozen yogurts’ apparent viscosity (ηap); however, it decreased ηap for the Greek yogurt, indicating that microgels can alter product acceptability in this case. Both AG and AGF microparticles improved viability of cells face to gastric conditions for liquid and frozen yogurts, delivering cells in the enteric stage. Summarizing, liquid yogurt was the most appropriate for probiotic viability during storage, while frozen yogurt presented better protection along digestibility.
Characterization of a β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase with transglycosylation activity from Metarhizium sp. A34
Authors: Kurakake Masahiro , Amai Yukari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn applications of chitin, one of the most abundant resources on earth, human milk oligosaccharides with many health functions were synthesized by transglycosylation of β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase. Synthesis of new transfer products can be expected by other β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidases in nature. A total of 38 microorganisms that secrete β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidases with transglycosylation activity were isolated from a soil screen. Using N,N′‐diacetylchitobiose as the substrate, the transfer ratio increased with a decrease in substrate degradation when it was less than 60%. Metarhizium sp. A34 β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase had high transglycosylation activity and showed a maximum production of the oligosaccharides against the substrate degradation where (GlcNAc)5 and (GlcNAc)4 were produced in addition to (GlcNAc)3. The maximum curve was attributed to a sequential reaction of transglycosylation followed by hydrolysis where oligosaccharides are an intermediate product and are hydrolyzed in a second step. The purified β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase from Metarhizium sp. A34 had an optimal pH of 5 and was stable from pH 7 to 8. At pH 5, it had an optimal temperature of 40°C and was stable up to 30°C for 30 min. This enzyme had high thermostability up to 55°C when bound to the cell wall. The acceptor specificity for the transglycosylation reaction was enhanced for lower molecular weight sugar alcohols in the order of glycerin (C3), erythritol (C4), and xylitol (C5). The transfer product with glycerin was identified as 1‐O‐β‐d‐N‐acetylglucosaminyl glycerin, which may prove useful as a starting material for new glycolipids in food applications.Practical ApplicationMetarhizium sp. A34 β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase produced 1‐O‐β‐d‐N‐acetylglucosaminyl glycerin through the transglycosylation. Chitin oligosaccharides of the donor are obtained by hydrolysis of chitin. 1‐O‐β‐d‐N‐Acetylglucosaminyl glycerin may be useful to start material for the synthesis of new glycolipids. High thermostability of this enzyme is useful to prevention of contamination in the transglycosylation reaction.
Pyocyanin biosynthesis protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nonthermal plasma inactivation
Authors: Zhou Huyue , Yang Yi , Shang Weilong , Rao Yifan , Chen Juan , Peng Huagang , Huang Jingbin , Hu Zhen , Zhang Rong , Rao Xiancai 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen, which raises a worldwide concern for its increasing resistance. Nonthermal plasma, which is also called cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an alternative therapeutic approach for clinical infectious diseases. However, the bacterial factors that affect CAP treatment remain unclear. The sterilization effect of a portable CAP device on different P. aeruginosa strains was investigated in this study. Results revealed that CAP can directly or indirectly kill P. aeruginosa in a time‐dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope showed negligible surface changes between CAP‐treated and untreated P. aeruginosa cells. However, cell leakage occurred during the CAP process with increased bacterial lactate dehydrogenase release. More importantly, pigmentation of the P. aeruginosa culture was remarkably reduced after CAP treatment. Further mechanical exploration was performed by utilizing mutants with loss of functional genes involved in pyocyanin biosynthesis, including P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain‐derived phzA1::Tn, phzA2::Tn, ΔphzA1/ΔphzA2, phzM::Tn and phzS::Tn, as well as corresponding gene deletion mutants based on clinical PA1 isolate. The results indicated that pyocyanin and its intermediate 5‐methyl phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (5‐Me‐PCA) play important roles in P. aeruginosa resistance to CAP treatment. The unique enzymes, such as PhzM in the pyocyanin biosynthetic pathway, could be novel targets for the therapeutic strategy design to control the growing P. aeruginosa infections.
Can right ventricular assessments improve triaging of low risk pulmonary embolism?
Authors: Raper Jaron D. , Thomas Alyssa M. , Lupez Kathryn , Cox Carly A. , Esener Dasia , Boyd Jeremy S. , Nomura Jason T. , Davison Jillian , Ockerse Patrick M. , Leech Stephen , Johnson Jakea , Abrams Eric , Murphy Kathleen , Kelly Christopher , O'Connell Nathaniel S. , Weekes Anthony J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying right ventricle (RV) abnormalities is important to stratifying pulmonary embolism (PE) severity. Disposition decisions are influenced by concerns about early deterioration. Triaging strategies, like the Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI), do not include RV assessments as predictors or early deterioration as outcome(s). We aimed to (1) determine if RV assessment variables add prognostic accuracy for 5‐day clinical deterioration in patients classified low risk by sPESI, and (2) determine the prognostic importance of RV assessments compared to other variables and to each other.MethodsWe identified low risk sPESI patients (sPESI = 0) from a prospective PE registry. From a large field of candidate variables, we developed, and compared prognostic accuracy of, full and reduced random forest models (with and without RV assessment variables, respectively) on a validation database. We reported variable importance plots from full random forest and provided odds ratios for statistical inference of importance from multivariable logistic regression. Outcomes were death, cardiac arrest, hypotension, dysrhythmia, or respiratory failure within 5 days of PE.ResultsOf 1736 patients, 610 (35.1%) were low risk by sPESI and 72 (11.8%) experienced early deterioration. Of the 610, RV abnormality was present in 157 (25.7%) by CT, 121 (19.8%) by echocardiography, 132 (21.6%) by natriuretic peptide, and 107 (17.5%) by troponin. For deterioration, the receiver operating characteristics for full and reduced random forest prognostic models were 0.80 (0.77–0.82) and 0.71 (0.68–0.73), respectively. RV assessments were the top four in the variable importance plot for the random forest model. Echocardiography and CT significantly increased predicted probability of 5‐day clinical deterioration by the multivariable logistic regression.ConclusionsA PE triaging strategy with RV imaging assessments had superior prognostic performance at classifying low risk for 5‐day clinical deterioration versus one without.
COVID‐19: Financial well‐being of older Australians in times of crisis
Authors: Jhuremalani Arti , Potter Rachael , Lushington Kurt , Lowies Braam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the financial well‐being of older Australian retirees.MethodsThirty Australian retirees (16 females and 14 males), older than 65 years of age, were asked ‘Have your finances been affected by the events surrounding COVID‐19?’. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐step approach, and Bronfenbrenner’s socio‐ecological model was utilised to analyse thematic responses at individual, household, community and societal levels.ResultsTwo COVID‐19‐related themes emerged from interviews: COVID‐19 and increased financial stress and COVID‐19 and frustration with digital banking.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the financial well‐being of older Australians and especially self‐funded retirees has been negatively impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants felt financially worse off primarily due to the volatility of the financial markets, the need to support adult children and the increased cost of living. Also, participants expressed their hesitation and frustration with digital banking services, and their desire for greater personal contact with financial institutions, particularly during times of uncertainty.
The impact of the introduction of intrapartum fetal ECG ST segment analysis. A population study
Authors: Blix Ellen , Eskild Anne , Skau Irene , Grytten Jostein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionST segment analysis (STAN) of the fetal electrocardiogram was introduced as an adjunct to cardiotocography for intrapartum fetal monitoring 30 years ago. We examined the impact of the introduction of STAN on changes in the occurrence of fetal and neonatal deaths, Apgar scores of <7 at 5 min, intrapartum cesarean sections, and instrumental vaginal deliveries while controlling for time‐ and hospital‐specific trends and maternal risk factors.Material and MethodsData were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1985 to 2014. Individual data were linked to the Education Registry and the Central Person Registry. The study sample included 1 132 022 singleton births with a gestational age of 36 weeks or beyond. Information about the year of STAN introduction was collected from every birth unit in Norway using a questionnaire. Our data structure consisted of a hospital‐year panel. We applied a linear probability model with hospital‐fixed effects and with adjustment for potentially confounding factors. The prevalence of the outcomes before and after the introduction of STAN were compared within each birth unit.ResultsIn total, 23 birth units, representing 76% of all births in Norway, had introduced the STAN technology. During the study period, stillbirths declined from 2.6 to 1.9 per 1000 births, neonatal deaths declined from 1.7 to 0.7 per 1000 live births, babies with Apgar score <7 at 5 min after birth increased from 7.4 to 9.5 per 1000 births, intrapartum cesarean sections increased from 6.4% to 9.5%, and instrumental vaginal deliveries increased from 7.8% to 10.9%. Our analyses found that the introduction of STAN was not associated with the decline in proportion of stillbirths (p =0.76) and neonatal deaths (p =0.76) or with the increase in intrapartum cesarean sections (p =0.92) and instrumental vaginal deliveries (p =0.78). However, it was associated with the increased occurrence of Apgar score <7 at 5 min (p =0.01).ConclusionsThere is no evidence that the introduction of STAN contributed to changes in the rates of stillbirths, neonatal deaths, intrapartum cesarean sections, or instrumental vaginal deliveries. There was an association between the introduction of STAN and a small increase in neonates with low Apgar scores.
Carcass characteristics and selected meat quality traits from commercial broiler chickens of different origin
Authors: Kokoszyński Dariusz , Żochowska‐Kujawska Joanna , Kotowicz Marek , Sobczak Małgorzata , Piwczyński Dariusz , Stęczny Kamil , Majrowska Michalina , Saleh Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits in 42‐day‐old Ross 308 and Cobb 500 broiler chickens. Forty carcasses were studied. Acidity (pH24) and electrical conductivity (EC24) of pectoralis major muscle and drumstick were determined 24 h postmortem. After carcass cutting, samples of breast and leg meat were collected for determination of quality traits. Broiler genotype had a significant effect on abdominal fat content in carcass and on water, protein, fat, sodium, and magnesium content in breast meat. Bird origin had an effect on the lightness, yellowness, horizontal diameter of muscle fiber, horizontal:vertical (H:V) diameter ratio, and most textural characteristics of pectoralis major muscle, as well as on the pH (pH24), electrical conductivity (EC24), and yellowness (b*) of leg muscles. Sex of birds had a significant effect on carcass weight, water, fat and collagen content, L*, a*, b* color attributes, and chewiness and gumminess of breast meat and on water and protein content in leg muscles. The present study provided information on the differences in carcass and meat quality between Ross 308 and Cobb 500 broiler chickens.
Classification of adult‐type diffuse gliomas: Impact of the World Health Organization 2021 update
Authors: Whitfield Benjamin T. , Huse Jason T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, developments in molecular profiling have radically altered the diagnosis, classification, and management of numerous cancer types, with primary brain tumors being no exception. Although historically brain tumors have been classified based on their morphological characteristics, recent advances have allowed refinement of tumor classification based on molecular alterations. This shift toward molecular classification of primary brain tumors is reflected in the 2021 5th edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO 2021). In this review, we will discuss the most recent updates to the classification of adult‐type diffuse gliomas, a group of highly infiltrative and largely incurable CNS malignancies. It is our hope continued that refinement of molecular criteria will improve diagnosis, prognostication, and eventually treatment of these devastating tumors.
Intervention programme for fathers who use domestic and family violence: Results from an evaluation of Caring Dads
Authors: Hine Lorelei , Meyer Silke , McDermott Liane , Eggins Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents findings from an evaluation of a trial of the Caring Dads programme in an Australian jurisdiction. Caring Dads is a nonmandated group‐based programme for fathers who have been physically and/or emotionally abusive towards their children, their children's mothers or both. The programme aims to engage men around their fathering and is ultimately vested in and focused on children's safety, well‐being and the intrinsic link this has with the safety of the mother. Fathers undertaking the programme (n = 40), and associated mothers (n = 17), participated in a mixed‐methods self‐report questionnaire administered at programme commencement and conclusion. This article presents findings related to change in fathers' use and mothers' experiences of domestic and family violence, shared parenting experiences, mother safety and levels of psychological distress between the two points of data collection. Results align with those produced by other national and international Caring Dads evaluations and show overall positive outcomes for mother experiences of violence, psychological well‐being and safety, along with fathers' increased awareness and understanding of what constitutes abusive behaviour. Implications for father‐focused interventions around domestic and family violence and the role of victim‐survivor voices in delivering and evaluating father and family‐focused interventions are discussed.
Coblation intracapsular tonsillectomy: A cohort study of NHS practice in England using Hospital Episode Statistics
Authors: Powell Steven , Tweedie Daniel J. , Jonas Nicolaas E. , Bateman Neil D. , Keltie Kim , Sims Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify paediatric intracapsular Coblation tonsillectomy procedures from routine administrative data in England, and determine their safety.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study of four ENT centres using routine data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).SettingAcute NHS trusts in England conducting exclusively intracapsular Coblation tonsillectomy.ParticipantsChildren (≤16 years old) undergoing bilateral intracapsular Coblation tonsillectomy.Main outcome measuresNumber of procedures, readmissions for pain, readmissions for bleeding and requirement for additional surgery for regrowth.ResultsA total of 5525 procedures were identified. The median patient age was 4 (IQR 2–5). In‐hospital complications occurred in 1%, with 0.1% returning to theatre for arrest of primary tonsil bleeding. Almost half of the procedures were conducted as a day‐case (44%), with only a small proportion staying in hospital more than one night (7%). Within 28 days, 1.2% of patients were readmitted with bleeding, 0.7% with infection and 0.3% with pain; 0.2% of patients required return to theatre for control of secondary haemorrhage. Longitudinal follow‐up has found that revision tonsil surgery is 0.3% at 1 year (n = 4498), 1.1% at 2 years (n = 2938), 1.7% at 3 years (n = 1781), 1.9% at 4 years (n = 905) and 2.2% at 5 years (n = 305).ConclusionsIntracapsular coblation tonsillectomy safety outcomes in this study show primary and secondary bleeding rates and emergency return to theatre rates are lower than all tonsillectomy techniques reported in the National Prospective Tonsillectomy Audit and also lower than previously published Hospital Episode Statistics analysis of tonsillectomy procedures.
Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape
Authors: Schoen Jay M. , Neelakantan Amrita , Cushman Samuel A. , Dutta Trishna , Habib Bilal , Jhala Yadvendradev V. , Mondal Indranil , Ramakrishnan Uma , Reddy P. Anuradha , Saini Swati , Sharma Sandeep , Thatte Prachi , Yumnam Bibek , DeFries Ruth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human‐dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized five independent studies of tiger (Panthera tigris) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the five studies’ resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current‐flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current‐flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs’ area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, and infrastructure planners.