bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on phenotype traits analysis of Rice plants by using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Patel Bharti , Sharaff Aakanksha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Rice crops are one of the main source of food for human being. According to data, population of the world increasing over the past decades. Due to continuous increase in population,need of rice is also increases. Rice plant diseases is one of the important factor in the production of rice. As the rice plant disease increase in the paddy, the production of rice decreases.Rice plant diseases are considered as a raising factor behind the agricultural, economic and communal loss in the upcoming development of the agricultural field. Problem :In order to increase the production of rice, we have to keep each rice plant in the paddy healthy. In order to do diagnosis of rice plant diseases, there are various traditional methods but this method need experts and continuous observation. Hence the traditional methods are very costly and time consuming. Finding: To solve the above problem(Problem of diagnosis of rice plant disease) many researcher used the image processing,machine learning,deep learning,Internet of thing techniques. In this paper, we have considered the brief review on the image processing,machine learning,deep learning,Internet of thing techniques which are useful for the diagnosis of rice plant disease.
Circulating redox status in sheep infected with dermatophytes: a field study
Authors: Saleh Mostafa Ahamad , Rateb M. H. , Abd-Allah Elham A. , Mohamed Ghada A.E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a zoonotic mycotic infection of the skin caused by dermatophytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) and redox status in blood of sheep clinically infected with the dermatophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum. According to clinical and mycological investigations, 48 juvenile male Balady sheep were selected in their natural habitat and divided into four groups depending on lesions size: mild (MID), moderate (MOD), severe (SEV) T. verrucosum infection and healthy control groups. Compared to the controls, plasma superoxide anion increased (P < 0.05) in both MOD and SEV but total peroxides (TPx) gradually increased (P < 0.05) in MID followed by MOD and SEV. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were higher (P < 0.05) in MID and lower (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV than in controls, but SEV showed lower TAC than MOD. Malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid peroxide marker) increased (P < 0.05) in SEV than in controls but protein carbonyl (PC, a protein peroxidation marker) was augmented (P < 0.05) as lesions progressed from mild to severe. oxidative stress index (TPx/TAC ratio) progressively increased (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV. The correlation of PC was positive with TPx and negative with TAC (P < 0.01). In conclusion, sheep infection with T. verrucosum is characterized by increased TPx and decreased TAC in plasma depending on the lesion area. The redox status is shifted towards the oxidizing state especially in MOD and SEV cases resulting in a condition of OS, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Influencing factors and improvement paths of green water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin: a new perspective based on ecogeographical division
Authors: Yue Li , CAO Yu-Xuan , Lv Rong fang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is very important for the protection and utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin to explore the influencing factors and improvement paths of green water use efficiency based on different regions. The dynamic evolution characteristics, regional differences and internal inefficiencies of green water use efficiency for 48 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2018 are analyzed, based on their ecological geographical divisions, with the use of a DEA-SBM model, GML index decomposition and kernel density estimation. We further use the panel Tobit model to analyze the external influencing factors of green water use efficiency and propose ways to improve the utilization of water resources in different regions from both internal and external perspectives. The results are as follows: (1) During the study period, the green water use efficiency fluctuated between 0.58–0.67 and showed a trend of improving in arid areas and falling in ones. (2) Exploring the sources of inefficiency from the inside reveals that labor, capital, and wastewater redundancy in the semihumid area is higher, the energy redundancy in the semiarid area is higher, and the economic output in the arid area is insufficient. (3) From the GML point of view, the absolute difference in the green water efficiency of the cities in the Yellow River Basin is expanding. In terms of EC(technical efficiency index), the technical efficiency of the semiarid area has a convergence effect. In terms of TC(technical progress index), the gap in the arid area has been widening, and technology in the semihumid and semiarid areas is converging backward. (4) There are significant differences in the external factors affecting green water use efficiency in different ecogeographical regions. This study helps the government to consider eco-geographical factors when formulating water resources-related policies, and provides a scientific reference for how to better utilize water resources in different regions of the Yellow River Basin from both internal and external aspects.
X-linked recessive ichthyosis in 8 Tunisian patients: awareness of misdiagnosis due to the technical trap of the STS pseudogene
Authors: CHOUK Hamza , SAAD Sarra , DIMASSI Sarra , FETOUI Nadia GHARIANI , BENNOUR Ayda , GAMMOUDI Rima , ELMABROUK Haifa , SAAD Ali , DENGUEZLI Mohamed , H’MIDA Dorra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLI) is a genodermatosis, caused by a deficiency of the steroid sulphatase enzyme encoded by the STS gene (OMIM # 300747). Adopted XLI molecular diagnosis approaches differ from one laboratory to another depending on available technical facilities. Our work aims to figure out a sound diagnostic strategy for XLI.Patients and Methods: We collected 8 patients with XLI, all males, from 3 unrelated Tunisian families from central Tunisia. Genetic diagnosis was conducted through a large panel of genetic techniques including: Sanger Sequencing, haplotype analysis of STR markers, MLPA analysis, FISH and array CGH.Results: Direct Sanger sequencing of the STS gene showed the same deletion of 13 base pairs within the exon 4 in all patients resulting in a premature stop codon. However, all patients’ mothers were not carriers of this variant and no common haplotype flanking STS gene was shared between affected patients. Sequence alignment with reference human genome revealed an unprocessed pseudogene of the STS gene located on the Y chromosome, on which the 13 bp deletion was actually located. STS MLPA analysis identified a deletion of the entire STS gene on X chromosome for all affected patients. This deletion was confirmed by FISH and delineated by array CGH.Conclusion: All our patients shared a deletion of the entire STS gene revealed by MLPA, confirmed by FISH and delineated by array CGH. Geneticists must be aware of the presence of pseudogenes that can lead to XLI misdiagnosis.
Globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, and plasma fibrinogen may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for tibial infected nonunion
Authors: Mao Haijun , Wang Zhen , Xu Guangyue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The accurate preoperative diagnosis of infected nonunion remains challenging. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of novel biomarkers for tibial infected nonunion. A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 155 patients divided into two groups: 59 with tibial infected nonunion (Group A) and 96 with tibial aseptic nonunion (Group B). Preoperatively analyzed clinical parameters included plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity were utilized to compare the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers. The WBC, ESR, CRP, plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, and GLB levels of Group A were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in Group B. The ALB and AGR levels of Group A were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in Group B. The area under the curve (AUC) of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, and AGR were greater than 0.8. An analysis of a combination of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR had the highest AUC. In patients with comorbidities, the diagnostic accuracy of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR also performed well. Higher levels of WBC, CRP, and ESR were detected in patients who had recently used antibiotics (P < 0.05). GLB, AGR, and plasma fibrinogen are promising biomarkers for improving the diagnosis of tibial infected nonunion. The integrated analysis of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR provided more accurate and more specific diagnosis than the four biomarkers individually.
Evolution of work ability, quality of life and self-rated health in a police department after remodelling shift schedule
Authors: Velasco-Garrido Marcial , Herold Robert , Rohwer Elisabeth , Mache Stefanie , Terschüren Claudia , Preisser Alexandra M. , Harth Volker 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There exists a great diversity of schedules concerning the way shift work is organized and implemented with ample agreement regarding recommendable features of a shift system. In order to adapt the shift schedule of a metropolitan police department to current recommendations, a remodelled shift schedule was introduced in 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between the remodelled shift schedule and work ability, quality of life and self-rated health after one and five years.
Methods
A controlled before-and- after study were conducted during the piloting phase (2015–2016) as well as a 5-year follow-up using paper questionnaires. Outcome parameters included work ability, quality of life and self-rated health.
Results
Work ability, quality of life and self-rated health improved after the first year of the newly implemented shift schedule among police officers working in the piloting police stations compared to those working according to the former schedule. In 5-year follow-up differences between indicators diminished.
Conclusions
The implementation of a remodelled shift schedule including more 12-hours shifts accompanied by more days off and a coherent weekend off duty was not associated with detrimental effects to work ability, quality of life or self-reported health among police officers.
The elusive sixth sense – lipid perception in Drosophila
Authors: Brankatschk Marko , Trautenberg Laura , Hollopp Isa , Jeschke Gina , Poetsch Anna R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sense of taste is instructive for food perception and is encoded by five principle sensory inputs: sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami. However, there is mounting evidence that dietary fat is also palatable, and that many species including humans are able to discriminate the quality of free fatty acids in dedicated experimental environments. Multiple lipid-taste receptors are suggested to be capable of binding subsets of fatty acids and initiating cellular signals in specific sensory cells. Nevertheless, the structure and composition of dietary lipids is complex by nature and food consists of many other tasty macronutrients. To date, it remains an open question if or how dietary lipids induce taste sensation instructive for the feeding behavior of animals.
We recorded the feeding behavior of adult Drosophila melanogaster utilizing different established feeding assays. Using lipid defined diets and the yeast strain BY4741, we found that flies are able to detect the fungal sterol ergosterol and specific saturated fatty acid species, the latter bound in more complex nutritional lipids. Moreover, we show that the neuronal expression of the CD36-member SNMP1 together with the neuronal insulin signaling activity are essential to define the perception of one selected tasty lipid. We provide evidence that the sugar and protein content in the food is instrumental to modulate insulin signaling, and propose that the sugar:protein ratio is one determining factor instructive for the feeding response of fruit flies to given dietary lipid profiles.
A new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm based MPPT control technique for PV System under diverse partial shading conditions
Authors: Dokala Janandra Krishna Kishore , Mohamed Mohd Rusllim , Kumarasamy Sudhakar , Kurukuri Peddakapu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At present, a photovoltaic (PV) system takes responsibility to reduce the risk of global warming and generate electricity. However, the PV system faces numerous problems to track global maximum peak power (GMPP) owing to the nonlinear nature of the environment especially due to partial shading conditions (PSC). To solve these difficulties, previous researchers have utilized various conventional methods for investigations. Nevertheless, these methods have oscillations around the GMPP. Hence, a new metaheuristic method such as an opposition based equilibrium optimizer (OBEO) algorithm is used in this work for mitigating the oscillations around GMPP. To find the effectiveness of the proposed method, it can be evaluated with other methods such as SSA, GWO, and P&O. As per the simulation outcome the proposed OBEO method provides maximum efficiency against all other methods. The efficiency for the proposed method under dynamic PSC is 95.09% in 0.16 seconds similarly, 96.17% for uniform PSC and 86.25% for complex PSC.
Study of Nonlinear Optical Responses of Phytochemicals of Clitoria ternatea by Quantum Mechanical Approach and Investigation of their anti-Alzheimer activity with In-Silico Approach
Authors: Lakhera Shradha , Devlal Kamal , Rana Meenakshi , Celik Ismail 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clitoria ternatea is a flowering plant with promising medicinal plants with a wide variety of active phytochemicals. The present study aimed at the computational investigation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of the active phytochemicals of the Clitoria ternatea. The computational investigation of the NLO features was done by using the density functional theory (DFT) by B3LYP/6-311G ++ (d, p) basis set. The structural parameters, mulliken charge distribution, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface clearly show the intramolecular charge transfer within Clitorin. The NLO properties were identified by computing the polarizability parameters. As the plant has high medicinal characteristics, the inhibiting properties of its phytochemicals were also investigated to combat Alzheimer disease (AD). The systematic in-silico study identifies Clitorin as the most active and inhibiting phytochemicals of the plant. The results obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation tell the stability of the complex and make it a fair selection as a drug-like molecule against AD. The cardio-toxicity analysis done for the Clitorin molecule verifies that it is harmless for the heart.
Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and their distribution in waters around Oil and Natural gas drilling sites
Authors: Mallesh Dasari Babu , Krishna Keshav , Dasaram B D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oil and natural gas production has been an important economic booster in the recent past. However, unconventional methods have risen environmental health concerns. This study presents preliminary results of heavy metal concentrations in water (surface and groundwater) samples around oil and natural gas drilling sites in East-West Godavari districts of A.P, India. A total of 36 samples, 24 surface water (SW) and 12 groundwater (GW) were collected to evaluate the distribution of pH, EC, TDS, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn, and radiogenic elements (U, Th). Results acquired were treated with principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and regression coefficient analysis to identify a collective contamination source. Mean concentrations obtained for surface and groundwater were 7.60 and 7.34 for pH; 4048 and 2964 mg/L for TDS; 8.50 and 5.91 µs/cm for EC; 11.5 and 10.7 μg/L for As; 14.6 and 10.8 μg/L for Cr; 0.60 and 0.70 μg/L for Cd; 18.6 and 29.1 μg/L for Cu; 3.00 and 4.20 μg/L for Mo; 19.9 and 24.8 for Ni; 15.2 and 13.4 μg/L for Pb; 4.60 and 3.10 μg/L for Th; 1.00 and 8.30 μg/L for U; 187 and 348 μg/L for Zn respectively. FA recognized four factors accountable for data structure elucidating 86.23 % of the total variance in SW, four factors in GW explaining 91.6%, and permitted to assemble particular parameters based on collective features. As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, and U were linked and well-ordered by diverse origin with related influence from anthropogenic and geogenic sources. This study describes the importance and efficacy of multivariate statistical methods for evaluation and understanding the data to get better evidence about the water quality and project some mitigation methods to avert the contamination affected by harmful heavy metals in the future.
Thermal stability, flame rethardancy and combustion behavior of cotton fabric treated by imidazole-based phosphoramides
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Barzegari Azam , Faraghi Mohammad , Fallah Nasrin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, two imidazole-containing phosphoramides with the formulas of (C6H5)2P(O)[C6H10N3] (MIP) and (C6H5)P(O)[C6H10N3]2 (DIP) were synthesised and characterised using 1HNMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, IR, and MASS spectroscopies. MIP and DIP were treated on cotton fabric (CF) to promote thermal stability and flame retardancy of CF. IR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS analyses were utilized to indicate treatment of MIP and DIP on CF. TGA-DTG and SEM-EDS analyses were applied to investigate thermal stability of phosphoramides treated cotton fabrics (CF-MIP and CF-DIP). VFT, LOI, and cone calorimeter analyses were applied to evaluate MIP and DIP flame retardancy on CF. The characteristic key data of cone caloriometer test such as TTI, tPHRR, PHRR, THR, ACO2Y, FGI and FPI confirmed these compounds are efficient flame retardant on CF. All results indicated that thermal stability and flame retardancy of CF-MIP and CF-DIP had been promoted in comparison to CF, and DIP are better than MIP.
Sequencing and analysis of full-length transcriptome functional genes for dormancy release of Eucommia ulmoides axillary buds
Authors: Li Dewen , University/n WenLiZhou Northeast Forestry , Du Dandan , Liu Ying , Yu Xueying , Wei Hongling , Tian Xucheng , Xie Shennan , Tang Zhonghua , Zhao Yusen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv contains many kinds of active and nutritional components, which have important medicinal and nutritional value. In order to reveal the cultivation technology of Eucommia ulmoides and molecular regulation mechanism of axillary bud development, illumina hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to extract mRNA from the top and basal dormant buds, and axillary buds of the plant after stubble, then the transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted. The results showed that 29353 UniGenes were annotated, and the annotation rate was 30.04%, the remaining 68367 UniGenes were not annotated, which may be new genes; The number of genes differentially expressed (DEGs) in Eucommia ulmoides axillary bud was the highest after stubble treatment, a total of 5384 genes were detected, which 3137 genes were up-regulated and 2247 genes were down regulated. The number of differentially expressed genes was the least in the top and basal dormant buds. The functional analysis of COG, GO and KEGG genes showed that axillary bud differential genes were enriched in the biological processes and metabolic pathways related to primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The key genes of flavonoid and phenylpropane synthesis and the expression level of abscisic acid (ABA) regulating the dormancy of axillary buds were down-regulated, which promoted the release of the dormancy of axillary buds. At the same time, auxin response genes such as AUX / IAA, GH3, ARF and SAUR and primary cytokinin response genes such as AHP and A-ARR were up-regulated, which promoted the synthesis of auxin and cytokinin in axillary buds, marking the beginning of axillary bud development. The gene expression patterns of the two dormant buds were consistent, mainly concentrated in photosynthesis related pathways. Real time PCR showed that the expression profile of DEGs was consistent with that of RNA sequencing. This study provides basic data for the cultivation and molecular breeding of Eucommia ulmoides.
Molecular investigations on outbreaks of ovine theileriosis among sheep and goats in Haryana, India
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Moudgil Pallavi , Gupta Renu , Jhandai Punit , Sharma Manish , Jindal Naresh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During February 2020 – October 2020, four outbreaks of theileriosis in small ruminants were recorded with overall morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates of 27.95 %, 17.46 % and 62.5 % respectively. The disease was characterized by high fever (up to 106°F), superficial lymphadenopathy, anaemia, anorexia, lethargy, respiratory distress and death. The presence of pleomorphic intra-erythrocytic piroplasms of Theileria species in Giemsa’s stained blood smears was a common finding in all the episodes. Significant haematological alterations including high total leucocyte count, and low haemoglobin and packed cell volume were characteristic. Necropsy findings of the icteric liver, enlarged spleen, pulmonary oedema and abomasal ulcerations were observed in two flocks. Theileria spp in all four episodes was detected in smear-positive cases by PCR using genus-specific 18S rRNA primers that yielded a 1098 bp product. Further Theileria species was confirmed by using specific primer sets for T. lestoquardi, T. luwenshuni, T. uilenbergi and T. ovis. T. lestoquardi was detected in all four flocks while there was co-infection of T. ovis in two flocks. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. ovis and T. lestoquardi identified in this study had 100 % and ~99.86 % homology, respectively with the published sequences used for comparison. This is the first confirmed report of outbreaks of malignant ovine theileriosis in the Haryana state of India which caused high morbidity, mortality and case fatality among sheep and goats. Further studies on theileriosis in small ruminants are required to understand epidemiology better.