bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Power during General Anesthesia and Postoperative Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Santer Peter , Wachtendorf Luca J. , Suleiman Aiman , Houle Timothy T. , Fassbender Philipp , Costa Eduardo L. , Talmor Daniel , Eikermann Matthias , Baedorf-Kassis Elias , Schaefer Maximilian S. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Mechanical power during ventilation estimates the energy delivered to the respiratory system through integrating inspiratory pressures, tidal volume, and respiratory rate into a single value. It has been linked to lung injury and mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome, but little evidence exists regarding whether the concept relates to lung injury in patients with healthy lungs. This study hypothesized that higher mechanical power is associated with greater postoperative respiratory failure requiring reintubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods
In this multicenter, retrospective study, 230,767 elective, noncardiac adult surgical out- and inpatients undergoing general anesthesia between 2008 and 2018 at two academic hospital networks in Boston, Massachusetts, were included. The risk-adjusted association between the median intraoperative mechanical power, calculated from median values of tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), plateau pressure (Pplat), and peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), using the following formula: mechanical power (J/min) = 0.098 × RR × Vt × (PEEP + ½[Pplat – PEEP] + [Ppeak − Pplat]), and postoperative respiratory failure requiring reintubation within 7 days, was assessed.

Results
The median intraoperative mechanical power was 6.63 (interquartile range, 4.62 to 9.11) J/min. Postoperative respiratory failure occurred in 2,024 (0.9%) patients. The median (interquartile range) intraoperative mechanical power was higher in patients with postoperative respiratory failure than in patients without (7.67 [5.64 to 10.11] vs. 6.62 [4.62 to 9.10] J/min; P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, a higher mechanical power was associated with greater odds of postoperative respiratory failure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31 per 5 J/min increase; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.42; P < 0.001). The association between mechanical power and postoperative respiratory failure was robust to additional adjustment for known drivers of ventilator-induced lung injury, including tidal volume, driving pressure, and respiratory rate, and driven by the dynamic elastic component (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35 per 5 J/min; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.73; P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Higher mechanical power during ventilation is statistically associated with a greater risk of postoperative respiratory failure requiring reintubation.

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Impact of a Hybrid-Virtual Teaching Model on the Physical Examination Skills of Fourth-Year Medical Students
Authors: Zeldin Evan R. , Charles Stephen C. , Tumin Dmitry , Lawson Luan , Faulk Clinton , Norbury John W. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
A required fourth-year advanced core Neurology-PM&R clerkship was adapted to hybrid format (2 week remote; 2 week in-person) during the COVID-19 pandemic. With teaching of the neurological physical examination being shifted to the remote component, we sought to determine whether this negatively affected student performance on an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), particularly the physical exam component. Mean pandemic-era total OSCE scores (n = 79; 85.1 ± 7.3) were similar to pre-pandemic era (n = 137; 83.5 ± 6.0; p = 0.082). Pandemic-era physical exam scores were slightly higher than pre-pandemic (86.9 ± 6.5 vs. 84.9 ± 6.6). Despite conversion of the clerkship to a hybrid curriculum, the performance of the students on the OSCE and the physical exam were unchanged. Reasons for this lack of change may include the constructiveness and integration of the case-based virtual demonstrations combined with in-person learning or the flexibility of the virtual course to allow students more time to prepare for the OSCE and the physical exam. Our findings demonstrate that a hybrid-virtual model can be used to teach foundational skills such as the basics of the physical examination, while allowing faculty to address higher order skills such as integration of clinical data with medical knowledge.
Towards extreme learning machine framework for lane detection on unmanned mobile robot
Authors: Dai Yingpeng , Li Jiehao , Wang Junzheng , Li Jing , Liu Xu 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on lane detection of unmanned mobile robots. For the mobile robot, it is undesirable to spend lots of time detecting the lane. So quickly detecting the lane in a complex environment such as poor illumination and shadows becomes a challenge.

Design/methodology/approach
A new learning framework based on an integration of extreme learning machine (ELM) and an inception structure named multiscale ELM is proposed, making full use of the advantages that ELM has faster convergence and convolutional neural network could extract local features in different scales. The proposed architecture is divided into two main components: self-taught feature extraction by ELM with the convolution layer and bottom-up information classification based on the feature constraint. To overcome the disadvantages of poor performance under complex conditions such as shadows and illumination, this paper mainly solves four problems: local features learning: replaced the fully connected layer, the convolutional layer is used to extract local features; feature extraction in different scales: the integration of ELM and inception structure improves the parameters learning speed, but it also achieves spatial interactivity in different scales; and the validity of the training database: a method how to find a training data set is proposed.

Findings
Experimental results on various data sets reveal that the proposed algorithm effectively improves performance under complex conditions. In the actual environment, experimental results tested by the robot platform named BIT-NAZA show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance and reliability.

Originality/value
This research can provide a theoretical and engineering basis for lane detection on unmanned robots.
Numerical procedure for the simulation of an electro-thermal anti-icing system
Authors: Carozza Antonio , Petrosino Francesco , Mingione Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to couple two codes, one able to perform icing simulations and another one capable to simulate the performance of an electrothermal anti-icing system in an integrated fashion.

Design/methodology/approach
The classical tool chain of icing simulation (aerodynamics, water catch and impact, mass and energy surface balance) is coupled to the thermal analysis through the surface substrate and the ice thickness. In the present approach, the ice protection simulation is not decoupled from the ice accretion simulation, but a single computational workflow is considered.

Findings
A fast approach to simulate advanced anti-icing systems is found in this study.

Originality/value
This study shows the validation of present procedure against literature data, both experimental and numerical.
The impact of the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards on corruption perception
Authors: Kurniawati Elisabeth Penti , Achjari Didi 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards on corruption perception. In addition, this study examines the strength of auditing and reporting standards (SARS) that mediate the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
Agency theory and bonding theory were applied in this paper to investigate the impact of the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards on corruption perception. Data from 130 countries during three years were collected from Transparency International, Worldwide Governance Indicators, International Federation of Accountants, World Economic Forum, World Bank, Freedom House and World Justice Project. Hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results show a positive impact of the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards on corruption perception, directly and indirectly, through the SARS.

Practical implications
The results provide an insight into corruption eradication strategy through the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards and strengthen the auditing and reporting standards.

Originality/value
This study is distinctive, as no study has yet examined the impact of the adoption of international accounting standards construct, which contains International Financial Reporting Standards and International Standards on Auditing, on the corruption perception. The corruption perception construct is developed by combining the corruption perception index and the control of corruption indicators.
COVID-19 full vaccination and blockchain size: empirical evidence from the cryptocurrency market
Authors: Havidz Shinta Amalina Hazrati , Tiffani Tiffani , Calvilus Ingrid Claudia , Angelita Zefanya 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse COVID-19 indices and blockchain features on Bitcoin and Ethereum returns, respectively. The authors focus on the most used and owned cryptocurrencies that cover Europe, the US and Asian countries.Design/methodology/approachAn autoregressive distributed lag panel (pooled mean group and mean group) is utilized, and a robustness check is incorporated by using a Random Effect Model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM).FindingsFour new findings were discovered, including (1) the vaccine confidence index (VCI) pushes economic recovery and increased demand for the Bitcoin market, but the opposite result was interestingly observed from Ethereum; (2) the blockchain features were revealed to be essential to Bitcoin, while they were irrelevant to Ethereum for short-run country-specific results; (3) the hash rate and network difficulty moved inversely during the pandemic; and (4) the government played a significant role in taking action during uncertain times and regarding cryptocurrency policies.Research limitations/implicationsVCI is constructed by the most used vaccine type in our sample countries (i.e. Pfizer), as the data for a specific classification by each type is still unavailable.Practical implicationsProviding an evenly distributed vaccination program primary vaccination series against COVID-19 to the citizens is an essential duty of the government. Bitcoin policymakers and investors should watch the COVID-19 vaccine distributions closely as it will affect its return. Ethereum is emphasized to keep developing its smart contract which appeared to outplay other blockchain features. Cryptocurrency investors should be wise in their investment decisions by analysing the news thoroughly.Social implicationsThis research emphasizes that the success in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination requires citizens' willingness to participate and their trust in the vaccine's efficacy. Such self-awareness and self-discipline in society can ultimately empower individuals and stabilise the economy. Nevertheless, the implementation of health protocols is still highly required to prevent the spread of new variants of COVID-19.Originality/valueThis is the first study that attempts to construct a VCI which denotes the confidence derived from the administration of full-dose COVID-19 vaccines (an initial vaccine and a second vaccine). The authors further find the impact on cryptocurrency returns. Next, blockchain size is utilized as a new determinant of cryptocurrencies.
Working capital management and board diversity towards firm performances in Indonesia's LQ45
Authors: Hatane Saarce Elsye , Winoto Jennie , Tarigan Josua , Jie Ferry 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study examines the effect of working capital management and board diversity on firm profitability and firm value for a sample of Indonesian firms listed in the LQ45 index. The interaction of board diversity components with working capital management adds a comprehensive discussion to enhancing working capital management efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis study engages a panel multiple regression method. Data from a sample of LQ45 companies from 2010 to 2016 are analysed using a fixed and a common effect model. Board diversity is further analysed in interaction variables, whether it holds the moderating role in the relationship of working capital and firm performances. This study operates return on capital employed (ROCE) as the proxy of profitability performance and EVA-Spread for the firm's value performance. The simultaneous effect test is used for the robustness test.FindingsThe results indicate that working capital management and board diversity have no significant impact towards profitability. However, they significantly positively impact firm value, meaning that the market is attracted by effective working capital management and board diversity. However, the interaction variable analysis shows that gender diversity and education level diversity weaken the impact of working capital management towards firm value.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is not limited to one industry; therefore, future studies may focus on one industry and detect the pattern of working capital components in the particular industry. This study focuses on quantitative numbers to explain board diversity's interaction in working capital management to maximise shareholders' wealth. Future studies may consider a qualitative discussion to describe the quality of women's presence on the board, education level and educational background of board members.Originality/valueUnlike most studies in which authors relate working capital and board diversity to firm performances separately, this study combines both components and analyses whether board diversity can act as a moderator effect. As part of corporate governance, it is expected that board diversity can enhance working capital management efficiency.
The moderating role of cultural controls on the relationship between traditional formal sales controls and inside salesperson performance
Authors: Conde Richard , Prybutok Victor , Thompson Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

PurposeFor the past several decades, the sales control literature has focused on the outside sales context. This study aims to extend sales control research by examining formal and informal sales controls, embodied by cultural controls, used by sales managers in an inside sales context, where the sales agent’s performance focus extends beyond sales outcomes to include the influence of operational phone outcomes.Design/methodology/approachBased on 232 B2C and B2B inside sales agent survey responses, this study presents evidence that in an inside sales department, this study focuses on the congruent effect of formal sales and cultural sales controls on inside sales agent overall performance.FindingsBased on 232 B2C and B2B inside sales agent survey responses, this study presents evidence that in an inside sales department, the operational focus of sales activities and resultant operational performance mediates the relationship between sales controls and inside sales agent sales performance, whereas cultural controls centered on maximizing inside sales autonomous motivation positively moderates the effect of operational outcomes on an inside sales agent’s sales performance.Practical implicationsBy focusing on the tenants of an inside sales agent’s overall performance, this research provides practitioners a holistic view of the inherent conflict inside sales managers must balance between the impact of formal sales controls and the benefits of cultural controls.Originality/valueBy being the only study to examine sales controls in an inside sales context, with a broad definition of overall performance to include both sales and operational phone outcomes, this study extends sales control research to a new sales context. The need to jointly focus on operational results, as well as sales outcomes, illustrate the importance of cultural controls compared to other sales processes and outcome controls
The production and distribution of face masks to other countries: a strategic approach of Taiwan during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Kumar Vimal , Nguyen Ha Thi The , Mittal Ankesh , Lai Kuei-Kuei 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
COVID-19 pandemic has exposed that even the best of the developed nations have surrendered to the devastations imposed on the global supply chains. The purpose of this study is to explore how COVID-19 has exaggerated the supply chain of production and distribution of Taiwan-based face masks and also investigate the conscientious factors and subfactors for it.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, an analytical hierarchy processes (AHP)-based approach has been used to assign the criterion weights and to prioritize the responsible factors. Initially, based on 26 decision-makers, successful factors were categorized into five main categories, and then main categories and their subcategories factors were prioritized through individual and group decision-maker’s contexts by using the AHP approach.

Findings
The results of this AHP model suggest that “Safety” is the most important and top-ranked factor, followed by production, price, work environment and distribution. The key informers in this study are stakeholders which consist of managers, volunteers, associations and non-governmental organizations. The results showed that good behavior of the employees under the “Safety” category is the top positioned responsible factor for successful production and distribution of face masks to the other countries with the highest global percentage of 15.7% and using sanitizers to protect health is the second most successful factor with the global percentage of 11.7%.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations faced in this study were limited to only Taiwan-based mask manufacturing companies, and it was dependent on the decisions of the limited company’s decision-makers.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is that the empirical analysis of this study has been based on a successful Taiwan masks manufacturing company and evaluates the responsible factors for the production and distribution of Taiwan masks to other countries during COVID-19.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on auditors’ responsibility: evidence from European listed companies on key audit matters
Authors: Hategan Camelia-Daniela , Pitorac Ruxandra-Ioana , Crucean Andreea Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This research seeks to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of financial reporting and the auditor's responsibility. This paper aims to investigate how the auditors identified the impact of COVID-19 on the companies' annual financial statements and considered this impact as a key audit matters (KAM) in the reports issued and the factors that influenced their reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical research consists of a qualitative analysis of KAMs and a quantitative one based on a panel data econometric model using a random effects maximum likelihood regression. The sample includes companies listed on the primary market on European stock exchanges in 2019–2020.

Findings
The results suggest a direct positive correlation between numbers of KAMs and the auditor's size, frequency of the event and going concern uncertainty. Two of the variables were not validated: auditor rotation and audit fees.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of research can be the sample structure, and the model we proposed does not take into account all possible influencing factors.

Practical implications
This study will help researchers, policymakers and business owners have a deeper understanding of auditors' responsibility in their work. As practical implications of the COVID-19 impact following the implementation of telework, audit firms have begun to invest in digital programs to assist them in their teamwork and communication with clients. One impact on regulators has been to relax reporting requirements by extending deadlines.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the academic literature by providing a synthesis and econometric model of the effects identified by auditors, following the COVID-19 pandemic, expressed by KAMs in their reports.
Inner and outer, psychology and Wittgenstein's painted curtain
Authors: Standish Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Much thinking in psychology and related forms of psychotherapy is in the grip of a conception of inner–outer relationships that distorts the reality of our lives and world. In his later work, and in the last years of his life especially, Wittgenstein battled against this. In the course of his criticism, he developed vivid images that challenge this picture, revealing its limitations and opening the way to better understanding. Although 70 years have passed since Wittgenstein died, it remains the case that psychology and psychotherapy can be strengthened through more careful attention to his criticism. The present discussion endeavours to show why and how this is so.
A review of gynaecological surgical practices for trainees and certified specialists in Australia by volume using MBS and AIHW databases
Authors: McCormack Lalla , Nesbitt‐Hawes Erin , Deans Rebecca , Alonso Anais , Lim Claire , Li Fiona , Knapman Blake , Abbott Jason A. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThere is a finite volume of surgery performed annually by trainees and certified specialists alike. The detailed assessment of this surgical substrate is important, since it guides true exposure in gynaecological surgical training and practice after fellowship.AimsThis study quantifies the volume and profile of major gynaecological surgical procedures performed in Australia within a specified five‐year period and discusses the implications for training and practice.Materials and MethodsAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare data were examined to quantify the total number of major gynaecological procedures performed between 2013 and 2018. Medicare data were analysed to quantify the number of billed procedures. These data were compared with published Australian RANZCOG trainees and operative gynaecologists, to estimate the potential annual average exposure for each procedure.ResultsMajor open, laparoscopic and vaginal surgeries constitute less than 27% of the 600 000 gynaecological procedures performed annually in Australia. Most major gynaecological surgeries are performed at rates lower than 12 cases per year for both trainees and specialists. Over the study period, laparotomies, vaginal hysterectomies and continence procedures decreased, and operative laparoscopies and laparoscopic hysterectomies increased.ConclusionsThe volume of available major gynaecological procedures in Australia may not allow sufficient exposure for optimal training and practice for all trainees and specialists in operative gynaecology. This shortfall may compromise the ability to obtain and maintain proficiency in some core gynaecological operative procedures.