bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Single Application of Napthaleneacetic Acid on Yield and Shoot Growth of Young Lemon Trees1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , McCarty C. D. , Ede L. L. , Chesson J. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of 1% ethyl ester of napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in an aqueous or latex formulation to trunk and scaffold branches of pruned lemon trees [C. limon (L.) Burm.] did not affect yield during the season of application or during the year following application. Regrowth of trunk and limb sprouts was controlled for approximately 1 year.
Response of Asparagus Crowns to Ethephon and Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Mahotiere S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dipping asparagus crowns (Asparagus officinalis L.) in 1000 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) solutions before planting significantly increased the number and fresh weight of both shoots and roots in pot studies. Ethephon treatment did not affect time of emergence, height, diameter of the shoots and root length. Of the concentrations tested (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm), the 1000 ppm was the most effective; 750 ppm was partially effective while 250 and 500 ppm were ineffective. Under field conditions, ethephon and/or the potassium salt of gibberellic acid (KGA3) at 1000 ppm, did not affect the time of emergence of shoots from crowns treated before planting. Ethephon was effective in increasing the number of shoots while KGA3 alone or in combination with ethephon was not. Both chemicals reduced stand. Increasing exposure from 15 to 60 minutes increased the effectiveness of ethephon at 1000 ppm on inducing shoot emergence.
Sex Expression of Single and 3-way Cross Cucumber Hybrids with Androecious Pollinators1
Authors: Scott J. W. , Baker L. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hybrids from single and 3-way crosses involving gynoecious, hermaphroditic, monoecious, and androecious parent lines of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown for 2 summers near East Lansing, Michigan. Frequencies of gynoecious hybrid plants varied significantly between years for most crosses. The femaleness (% gynoecious plants) of most single cross hybrids from gynoecious × androecious crosses was greater than ‘Pioneer’ for 1973 but not as clear-cut in 1974. The same differences were observed for 3-way crosses derived from gynoecious-hermaphroditic F1 seed parents crossed with an androecious pollen parent The differences were more marked for 1973 than 1974. However, when the femaleness of 3-way hybrids derived from the same F1 seed parents crossed with either androecious or monoecious pollen parents were compared, the androecious crosses were consistently more female. Overall, hybrids derived from androecious pollen parents were as highly female, or more so, than hybrids derived from monoecious pollen parents including hybrid ‘Pioneer’.
Nutrient Element Status of Soils and Trees for Peach Orchards in Georgia and South Carolina1
Authors: Jones J. Benton , Isaac R. A. , Skelton B. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soils, and leaf and fruit tissues were collected from 200 peach orchard sites during the 1970 growing season. Results obtained were not markedly different from those obtained in an earlier survey in 1962. Most of the soils were quite acid and the peach leaf N levels were below optimum. Most growers appeared to be overfertilizing with P but applying adequate K. Peach fruit were quite high in K, accounting for a sizeable removal of K from the soil.
Wilt-Pruf, an Antitranspirant, Increases Red Color Development in ‘McIntosh’ Apple1
Authors: Creasy L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The antitranspirant di-l-p-menthene (Wilt-Pruf) increased red color development in ‘McIntosh’ apples when used alone or in combination with diuron or CaCO3.
Response of Apple Seedlings to Zinc Fertilization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation1
Authors: R. Benson N. , Covey R. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zinc fertilization (5 ppm) of apple seedlings (Malus sp.) grown in chloropicrin-fumigated soil increased shoot weight slightly and Zn concentration significantly after 70 days. Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration. Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot weight and Zn concentration. Total Zn uptake was increased 7 fold by combined Zn fertilization and G. fasciculatus inoculation. G. mosseae was slightly less effective than G. fasciculatus in promoting seedling growth.
Effect of Temperature on Pecan Seed Germination1
Authors: Staden J. van , Wolstenholme B. N. , Dimalla G. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryo growth of the pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) is mechanically restricted by the shell. This effect can rapidly be overcome by germinating the seeds between 30 and 35°C.
Measurement of Avocado Cold Hardiness1
Authors: Scorza R. , Wiltbank W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf freezing point determinations failed to show a seasonal pattern of cold hardiness in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) plants or to correlate with the known range of cold tolerance of 7 cultivar groups. However, plant freezing point based on freeze-chamber testing estimated cold hardiness based on reported field performance.
Eurya japonica Thunb. ‘Winter Wine’1
Authors: March Sylvester G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eurya japonica Thunb. is one of more than 100 species in the genus Eurya and family Theaceae which is native to Japan, Ryukyus, South Korea, Taiwan, China, India, and Malaysia. Although this species can reach 7 m in height, it is most often seen as a small to medium-sized shrub. Its evergreen, glabrous, dark-green leaves are 3 to 8 cm long, oval to obovate and serrate, leathery, closely spaced on short petioles, which give the plant a compact appearance. The species is well-suited for landscaping, when a medium-textured, broad-leaved, evergreen is desired. Its area of adaptability coincides with that of Camellia japonica L. Presently, there are no known cultivars of E. japonica.
Flowering Plants as a Therapeutic/Environmental Agent in a Psychiatric Hospital1,2
Authors: Talbott John A. , Stern Daniel , Ross Joel , Gillen Cheryl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A pilot study, of eight weeks duration, investigated the effects of flowering plants upon the behavior of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The introduction of flowering plants in the dining room setting was followed by a significant increase in vocalization, time spent in the dining room, and amount of food consumed. A transient, though not statistically significant increase in the number of social gazes occured during the first week the flowers were present.
Response of ‘Sunturf Bermudagrass to Slow-release Nitrogen Sources under Greenhouse Conditions1
Authors: Boonduang A. , Kanehiro Y. , Murdoch C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Slow-release N sources (sewage sludge, Agriform, Osmocote, sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU)) and a soluble N source (ammonium sulfate) were applied to soil at the rates of 224 and 448 kg N/ha before planting bermudagrass (Cynodon magenisii Hurcombe cv. Sunturf). Yield, % N, and N recovery at 3 cuttings at 30 day intervals were significantly higher at the 448 kg/ha rate than at the 224 kg/ha rate and were highest in the first of 3 cuttings and decreased significantly in the second and final cuttings. The slow-release N sources, except Agriform, generally gave higher yield, % N, and N recovery values than ammonium sulfate, especially at the third cutting and at the higher N rate. Osmocote, SCU and IBDU generally gave higher values than sewage sludge and Agriform.
Leaching and Water Quality on Service Life of Copper-treated Burlap1
Authors: Sydnor T. Davis , Crean David E. , Cobbs Marjorie J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of leaching and water quality on the service life of Cu-treated burlap was investigated. Copper ammonium carbonate (CAC) and copper naphthenate (Cu Nap) treated burlap were more resistant to leaching with distilled H2O than CuSO4-treated burlap. When evaluating water quality, burlap treated with CuSO4 was found to be susceptible to ionic exchange of the Cu by Fe, Ca, Mg, Na or K. Soil burial tests of burlap treated with Cl or SO4 salts of Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na and K resulted in the replacement of Cu and burlap deterioated within 1 month which was similar to untreated burlap. Water quality of leachates from 12 organic holding media such as pine bark, contained Ca and Mg in concentrations high enough to replace Cu in CuSO4-treated burlap. An inert holding media such as river sand would be preferred to reduce ion replacement and thus extend the service life of Cu-treated burlap.
Conjugation of Foliar Absorbed NAA by Selected Fruit Crops1
Authors: Bukovac M. J. , Flore J. A. , Goren R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conjugation of 14C-1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was followed in leaf discs of apple, apricot, grape, orange, peach and pear. NAA was metabolized by all crops studied. Free NAA and 2 metabolites that chromatographed with naphthylacety1-β-D-glucose (NAG) and naphthylacetylaspartic acid (NAAsp) constituted 90% of the radioactivity recovered, NAG was the major metabolite (45-90%) followed by NAAsp (5-30%) and NAA (2-22%). Conjugation was most complete in orange (98%), intermediate in apple, apricot, peach and pear and least in grape (68%).
Sprout Control of Apple Nursery Stock with NAA1
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid ethyl ester (NAA-ethyl ester) sprays applied to the base of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) nursery stock for sprout control suppressed sprout development. Rates of 0.25, 0.50, and 1% resulted in significantly less sprout development than the 0.125% rate. Sprout length was suppressed only by the second applications of the 0.25, 0.50, and 1% rates. A second application of the 0.50 and 1% rates killed the existing sprouts at time of application. Trees treated with 1% NAA-ethyl ester were shorter and smaller in diameter. The 0.25 and 0.50% rates were equally as effective in sprout control as the 1% rate, without adversely affecting tree height and diameter.
Effect of Different Handling Methods on Cooling Rate and Moisture Loss of ‘d’Anjou’ Pears Stored in Bins1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Mellenthin W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High storage humidities, wax, and polyethylene film as bin-liners were compared for minimizing loss in storage life and preventing fruit shrivel during storage prior to packaging for market of pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. d’Anjou). Lining the sides and covering the top of bins with 1.25-mil polyethylene film was the most beneficial in preventing fruit shrivel without adversely delaying cooling. Enclosing pears in film bin bags also controlled moisture loss but was detrimental to rapid removal of field heat. Waxing the fruit or covering only the top of bins with film did not reduce the cooling rate but were ineffective in preventing excessive moisture loss. Introduction of water vapor to maintain high humidity markedly reduced moisture loss but caused ice formation on the fruit and storage room floor.
Photosynthesis and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Zn-deficient Peaches Irradiated with Ultraviolet Light1
Authors: Basiouny Fouad M. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of UV-B radiation (280-310 nm) and Zn deficiency on photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in peach seedlings (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were studied. Low Zn markedly reduced CA activity; however, the reduction was not proportional to the reduction in leaf Zn content. Zn-deficient leaves irradiated with UV-B had lower CA activity, chlorophyll content, spectral reflectance and rates of photosynthesis. The reduction was more pronounced when leaves were distinctly chlorotic. Higher CA activity was not necessary for maintaining high rates of photosynthesis. Target areas in the leaf for UV-B absorption are discussed.
Effect of Sub-freezing Temperatures on Bud Break of Pecan1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Payne A. , Horton B. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] were subjected during dormancy to temperatures of either a check (average minimum ambient temperature of −1°C), or controlled temperatures of −4°, −7°, −10°, or −13°C for 1 night. Decreasing the temperature advanced bud break the following season.
Effect of Flower Age on Sucrose Content in Nectar of Citrus1
Authors: Loper G. M. , Waller Gordon D. , Berdel Richard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations in the nectars of three species of Citrus were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The percentage of sucrose in these nectars decreased as the flowers matured, thus presenting a changing hexose:sucrose ratio to foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Citrus macrophylla Wester, a species reported to be highly attractive to honey bees, secreted and maintained the highest sucrose content. Citrus depressa Hayata and ‘Fairchild’ tangerine, both relatively less attractive to honey bees, had less sucrose content in nectars from all ages of flowers tested.
Control of Corky (Silvery) Spots of Grapefruit by Growth Regulators1
Authors: Goren R. , Monselise S. P. , Moshe A. Ben 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Corky (silvery) spots of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were substantially reduced by application of 16-22 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic isopropyl ester on developing fruitlets (May to July) or of 20 ppm gibberellin A3 in June. Success is probably due to enhanced growth potential of external fruit layers, preventing their splitting due to internal pressure.
Effects of Fertilizer and Moisture on Seed Yield of Onion1
Authors: Shasha'a N. S. , Campbell W. F. , Nye W. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inbred onions, Allium cepa L., were grown with different levels of fertilizer and soil moisture to determine treatment influence on seed yield. Nitrogen (253 kg/ha) alone or in combination with P (162 kg/ha) reduced plant survival, umbels per plant, pollination index, and seed yield where soil moisture was low but the reduction was nil or not as severe where soil moisture was high.
Effects of Blending Gynoecious and Monoecious Cucumber Seeds on Yield Patterns1
Authors: Miller C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight seed blends of gynoecious with monoecious cultivais of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ranging from 87.5 to 0% gynoecious seed were evaluated in spring and fall multiple harvest trials. Yield advantages were associated with blends having a high proportion of gynoecious seed during the early part of the harvest season but advantages were less pronounced as the season progressed.
J. T. Rosa, Jr. (1895-1928) Pioneer in Vegetable Crop Research1
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tragic and sudden death of J. T. Rosa, Jr. occurred at a comparatively early age in the midst of what surely was to be his most productive years.3 He left behind him, however, a legacy of more completed, and more seminal research than most of us are likely to accomplish, should we be lucky enough to survive the hazards of modern day living to reach the biblical age of three score and ten. As I am one of the few people (living) who knew Professor Rosa from the vantage point of a student, I wish to record my recollections of this inspiring teacher and productive scientist. In completing this task, I have had the assistance of three individuals: V. R. Boswell, H. A. Jones and Gilbert W. Scott. Dr. Jones was a colleague, and Drs. Boswell and Scott were students of Dr. Rosa and worked under his supervision.
Firmness of Tomato Fruit Subjected to Low Concentrations of Oxygen1
Authors: Kim B. D. , Hall C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature-green fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were stored for up to 7 weeks at 20°C in 2.5, 5.0 or 20% O2 with certain samples ripened for 7 days more. Low O2 delayed ripening and consequently delayed softening in proportion to the O2 level and storage duration.
Response of Snap Bean to Seed Separation by Aerodynamic Properties1
Authors: Smittle D. A. , Williamson R. E. , Stansell J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed of 11 cultivars of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were separated by aerodynamic properties in a vertical air column. Seed physical characteristics associated with air column separation were weight, density, volume, diameter, and length. The separation technique did not affect seed germination, seedling emergence, or plant survival at full expansion of the first trifoliate leaf growth stage. However, seed remaining in the air column after aspiration produced fewer weak plants and fewer plants with root rot at the first trifoliate leaf. These seed produced a greater plant stand, a greater pod weight per plant, a more uniform pod size distribution, and a greater yield at harvest than the seed removed. Yield from seed remaining after air column aspiration was 21% greater than from non-graded seed.
Inheritance of Pod Detachment Force in Snap Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Bassett M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pod detachment force (PDF) was measured at fresh market maturity (sieve size 4) for the parents, F1, F2, and both backcrosses for the cross ‘Harvester’ × ‘Idelight’. The distribution of the population means for the F1, F2, and backcrosses indicated strongly dominant gene effects were contributed by the ‘Harvester’ parent for high PDF. A minimum of 2 dominant genes controlled PDF and narrow sense heritability was estimated to be 61%.
Obtaining Virus-free Plants of Asparagus officinalis L. by Culturing Shoot Tips and Apical Meristems1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen , Clore W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus plants freed of 3 viruses were obtained by aseptic culture of shoot tips and apical meristems. More plantlets developed from shoot tip cultures than from apicalmeristem cultures, but a much larger proportion of the meristem cultures were virus free. Consequently, the number of virus-free plants obtained by these 2 methods were approximately equal. The ease of excising and culturing shoot tips makes this the preferred method. The aseptic stock plants obtained are being used as the source of propagants for mass production of virus-free asparagus plants.
Propagation of Daylilies by Tissue Culture1
Authors: Meyer M. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture techniques can be used to rapidly propagate tetraploid daylilies and speed the commercial release of new daylily cultivars (Hemerocallis sp.) by several years. Inflorescence slices of tetraploid daylily cultivars regenerated callus in vitro in the dark on a modified Murashige-Skoog high salt medium supplemented with 10 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/liter kinetin. Callus pieces transferred to a similar medium with 0.5 mg/liter NAA and 0.1 mg/liter kinetin in the light produced plantlets and produced true-to-type flowering plants when transplanted to a greenhouse growing medium.
Influence of Ethephon Spray on Defoliation and Subsequent Growth on Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb.1
Authors: Tjia B. , Buxton J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied as a foliar spray on field-grown Hydrangea macrophylla 2 weeks prior to cold storage caused defoliation within 8 to 9 days. Complete defoliation occurred at 1000 to 5000 ppm of ethephon spray on both ‘Merveille’ and ‘Rose Supreme’. Ethephon-treated plants showed reduced height after subsequent forcing in the greenhouse. ‘Merveille’ was more sensitive to ethephon spray carry over than ‘Rose Supreme’. Optimum concentration range for defoliation and height reduction without any visible detrimental phytotoxic symptoms was 1000 and 2000 ppm for ‘Merveille’ and 1000 to 3000 ppm for ‘Rose Supreme’. Ethephon at 3000 ppm or higher on ‘Merveille’ and 5000 ppm or higher on ‘Rose Supreme’ induced abnormal yellow pigmentation of the flowers.
The Relationship between Pistillate Flower Development and Air Temperature in ‘Western’ Pecan1
Authors: Matta F. B. , Sullivan D. T. , Widmoyer F. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six stages of floral development were identified and related to air temperature in Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch, cv. Western. Initiation (the first microscopically visible evidence of floral primordia) was detected on April 4, 1973, after an accumulation of 537 heat units. On April 10 a total of 598 heat units were accumulated when 93% of the buds sampled had initiated pistillate flowers. Floral development occurred normally, uniformly, and in concert with the heat units accumulated.
Relationship between Fire Blight Resistance and Fruit Quality in Pear1
Authors: Bell Richard L. , Janick Jules , Zimmerman Richard H. , van der Zwet T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phenotypic correlations were estimated between 7 fruit quality characters and resistance to fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., in crosses involving various species of pear (Pyrus spp.). Correlations were generally negative, small, and usually not significantly different from zero. Some significant negative correlations were found between fruit russett and appearance with fire blight resistance within crosses involving P. communis L. and hybrids of P. communis × P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai, but none exceeded −0.30. Low correlations between fruit quality and fire blight resistance in progeny of diverse crosses indicate no genetic impediments to selection for combined high quality and blight resistance in pear.
Calcium Concentration and Firmness of Stored ‘McIntosh’ Apples Increased by Calcium Chloride Solution Plus Thickener1
Authors: Mason J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dipping ‘McIntosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) at harvest in a solution of calcium chloride (4% w/w) and keltrol, a commercial food thickener, (0.3% w/w), slowed the loss of firmness in cold storage. In January, treated apples averaged 0.52 kg firmer and in February, 0.73 kg firmer than the controls. Ca concentration of treated apple flesh was 839 ppm, and of controls 304 ppm. A dip solution of calcium chloride without Keltrol was much less effective in reducing the loss of firmness and in increasing the Ca concn of the flesh.
Chemical Control of Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Non-bearing ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Byers R. E. , Barden J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter. The combination of daminozide and ethephon did not induce spurs to develop on current season growth; however, slightly enlarged buds on one-year-old growth flowered the spring following treatment.
‘Urban’ Elm1
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Main H. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When Dutch elm disease (DED) was discovered in the U. S. in the early 1930's, programs were initiated to protect susceptible elms and to develop resistant elms for future use. Since the American elm, Ulmus americana L., was the most extensively planted species, seed collections were made throughout North America to find disease-resistant individuals. This search had only limited success and subsequent emphasis was placed on chemical control.