bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Obtaining Global Estimates of Maternal Mortality
Authors: Atmadja Sardjana 
Published: March 2022

Background: Maternal mortality is widely regarded as a key indicator of population health and social and economic development. Its rates and trends are closely monitored by the United Nations and others, inspired in part by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which call for a three-quarter reduction in the maternal mortality ratio by 2015. Unfortunately, the empirical basis for such monitoring is still quite weak, requiring the use of models. statistics to get estimates for most countries.
Objective: In this paper we describe a new method for estimating global rates and trends in maternal mortality. For countries that lack sufficient data for direct estimation of estimates, we use a parametric model that separates maternal deaths from deaths from HIV/AIDS.
Materials and methods: For maternal deaths not associated with HIV/AIDS, the model consists of a hierarchical linear regression with three predictors and variable intercepts for country and region. Estimated uncertainty is assessed by simulating the estimation process, taking into account the variability in both the data and other model inputs. This method was used to derive the most recent set of PBB estimates, published in September 2010. Here, we provide a brief description and description of the approach, including a novel analysis of the components of variability reflected in the uncertainty interval.
Results: Final estimates provide evidence of a more rapid decline in the global maternal mortality ratio than suggested by previous studies, including another study published in April 2010. We compared the findings of the two most recent studies and discussed topics for further research to help resolve differences.
Structural and electrical characteristics of ion-induced Si damage during atomic layer etching
Authors: Hirata Akiko , Fukasawa Masanaga , Kugimiya Katsuhisa , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Hagimoto Yoshiya , Iwamoto Hayato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Damage to the underlying Si substrate during the over-etching step of SiN atomic layer etching (ALE) was investigated. CH3F/Ar plasma was applied in the adsorption step, and Ar plasma in the desorption step. ALE increased interface trap density (D
it), whereas Ar plasma did not affect D
it. C, H, and F in the hydrofluorocarbon polymer, knocked-on by Ar, penetrated the Si substrate, which resulted in an increase in D
it. Additionally, H in the polymer layer had a negligible impact on the damage caused by ALE. The H-penetration depth was shallow because the energy transferred from Ar to the H component in the polymer was low. Damage occurred only in the first cycle of ALE because a thick polymer layer, deposited after the second cycle, protected the substrate from additional damage. Thus, precise control of incident ion energy, adsorbed polymer thickness, and polymer composition are required to realize low-damage ALE.
Polarity independent resistive switching in MoS2 nanosheets and PEO-based nanocomposite films
Authors: Deb Rajesh , Pathak Prashanta , Mohapatra Saumya R. , Das Ujjal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Here, we report the exfoliation of bulk MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) into few-layer nanosheets and then prepared nanocomposite films (MoS2-PEO) with poly(ethylene oxide) as the host. We observed nonpolar or polarity independent bistable resistive switching memory in two-terminal devices with indium tin oxide and aluminum (Al) as bottom and top electrodes, respectively. In both bipolar and unipolar operations, it is observed that the biasing direction controls the current conduction mechanism. When the positive bias is applied at the top Al electrode, the low resistance state (LRS) conduction is ohmic type. But in the opposite biasing condition, LRS conduction is space charge controlled. The current–voltage characteristics of bipolar and unipolar switching are distinctly different in terms of their RESET process. In bipolar, the RESET process is very sharp, whereas in unipolar operation it is staggered and step-wise.
Simulation on a non-axisymmetric ring resonator with a nano-antenna for heat-assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Chen Jinghan , Katayama Ryuichi , Sugiura Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heat-assisted magnetic recording is a technology to improve recording density of hard disk drives. The authors’ group previously proposed a device, in which a Au nano-antenna as a near-field transducer was attached to a GaAs ring resonator as a light source. The ring resonator should stably oscillate with a single mode to generate near-field light at the tip of the nano-antenna with sufficient energy density. A non-axisymmetric ring resonator structure was proposed this time to improve the energy density and laser oscillation stability. When the decenter between the inner and outer circles of the ring resonator increased, the resonance frequency increased and eigenmodes with higher radial mode order disappeared, which leads to stable laser oscillation. Moreover, when the decenter was 200 or 250 nm, the normalized energy density at the tip of nano-antenna increased 1.2–2.4 times compared with an axisymmetric ring resonator structure while keeping the quality factor to more than 5000.
Sensitivity improvement of submicron dynamic displacement measurement system composed of phase-modulated fiber optic interferometer
Authors: Fujimori Mikiya , Takemae Shinya , Tanaka Yosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigated sensitivity improvement of a dynamic displacement measurement system composed of a phase-modulated fiber optic interferometer and a spatial optical system. We introduced a balanced photodetector to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the interference signal. The newly developed system was evaluated by using pseudo vibration made by a phase modulator and was proved to be able to measure the dynamic displacement with a high-frequency vibration of 100 kHz even when the reflected optical power from a sample was −50 dBm. We also performed experiments using a rubber or a mouse’s ear bone attached to a piezoelectric element driven by a 100 kHz sinusoidal signal and successfully confirmed that vibration with an amplitude of less than 10 nm was clearly observed even when a reflected optical power was –46.9 dBm.
Stimulated whispering gallery modes emission from green to UVA realized by AlInGaN based quantum wells microtube
Authors: Hu Peng , Li Yufeng , Yang Haifeng , Zhang Ye , Li Qiang , Yun Feng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Self-rolling GaN quantum wells microtubes have been fabricated by a photoresist-assisted electrochemical etching method. Different microtubes with whispering gallery modes emitting from the green to ultraviolet range have been demonstrated. Stimulated whispery gallery mode emission from 370 to 460 nm was achieved with lasing line-width less than 0.087 nm and a threshold as low as 0.12 mJ cm−2. Such advanced optical properties can be attributed to the larger mode gain obtained by overlapping the active region with the optical confinement layers. The number of modes was greatly suppressed simultaneously leaving only basic radial modes due to the ultra-thin cavity wall.
Is the Second Law of Thermodynamics Able to Classify Drugs?
Authors: Schwartz Laurent , Benichou Luc , Schwartz Jules , Pontié Maxime , Henry Marc 
Published: March 2022

Specialization characterizes pharmacology, with the consequence of classifying the various treatments into unrelated categories. Treating a specific disease usually requires the design of a specific drug. The second law of thermodynamics is the driving force both for chemical reactions and for life. It applies to diseases and treatment. In most common diseases, there is a metabolic shift toward anabolism and anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in the release of entropy in the form of biomass. In accordance with the second principle of thermodynamics, treatment should aim at decreasing the entropy flux, which stays inside the body in the form of biomass. Most treatments aim at increasing the amount of entropy that is released by the cell in the form of thermal photons. As clinically different diseases often requires similar drugs, this calls for reinforcement in a quest for a single unified framework. For example, treatment of aggressive autoimmune diseases requires the same cytotoxic chemotherapy than for cancer. This strongly suggests that despite their apparent disparity, there is an underlying unity in the diseases and the treatments. The shift toward increased entropy release in the form of heat offers sound guidelines for the repurposing of drugs.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Mesin Bending dan Notching
Authors: Muhammad Yanis  , Gunawan  , Pratama Ricky Wahyu 
Published: March 2022

Bending dan notching adalah proses umum dalam dunia manufaktur seperti dalam proses pembuatan rangka kendaraan. Akan tetapi, permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini adalah terbatasnya alat yang dibutuhkan untuk menekuk dan menakik pipa. Penelitian ini bertujuan perancangan dan pembuatan mesin untuk proses menekuk dan menakik pipa. Mesin bending dan notching yang dibuat berfokus dalam membending dan membuat takikan pada pipa besi berdasarkan kebutuhan. Metode bending yang digunakan adalah three roll bending. Sedangkan untuk sudut notching sampai 60 dan diameter untuk pemotongan notching yaitu 1 inch sampai 2 inch. Terdapat beberapa perhitungan yang dilakukan yaitu perhitungan gaya pada poros, roller dan struktur mesin. Perhitungan struktur mesin menggunakan software solidwork, simulasi yang digunakan yaitu stress analysis,von mises dan factor of safety. Pada proses manufaktur rangka alat yang utama karena struktur rangka harus kuat untuk menopang seluruh beban total alat, dan beban tekan pada saat membending pipa. Terdapat tiga pengujian yang dilakukan pada proses bending yaitu pengujian defleksi satu, dua dan tiga cm, sedangkan pada proses notching yaitu dari sampai 60 . Alat ini dirancang dan dibuat dengan memiliki 2 fungsi utama, bending dan notching. Proses bending di lakukan pada bagian tengah dan proses notching dibagian atas. Alat bending dan notching memiliki dimensi yaitu panjang 70 cm, lebar 50 cm dan tinggi 120 cm. Pada proses manufaktur alat bending dan notching membutuhkan biaya total sebesar Rp. 9.009.500.
Mechanism of the attack on metal surface in wear under ultrasonic cavtation
Authors: Fiaktistov Yaroslav O. , Tsvetkov Yuriy N. 
Published: March 2022

Two series of tests of annealed metal materials — copper, brass L60 and aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg4,0 — were carried out. The first series consists first in upsetting the cylindrical samples of the listed above alloys on a press to a different strain rate, then cutting the deformed samples and measuring the microhardness of the area adjacent to the center of the samples. The first series results in constructing the calibration plots of microhardness as a function of strain. During the second series the tests of the same materials for cavitation wear were carried out in the fresh water on the ultrasonic vibratory apparatus. The frequency and amplitude of the apparatus horn vibration amount to 22 kHz and 28 μm respectively. The microhardness of the samples surface exposed to cavitation attack was measured after the definite spans of time within the incubation period and the maximum value of the microhardness was registered. Marking the maximum microhardness value on the calibration plot yields the strain rate reached on the surface under cavitation attack before the removal of wear particles begins. On the basis of the found values of the strain the stress state rigidity of the surface layers under cavitation attack was evaluated. The obtained coefficients of stress state rigidity allowed drawing the conclusion, that cavitation attack on the material being tested on the ultrasonic vibratory apparatus occurs through the microjets impacts.
New Variable Hot Subdwarf Stars Identified from Anomalous Gaia Flux Errors, Observed by TESS, and Classified via Fourier Diagnostics
Authors: Barlow Brad N. , Corcoran Kyle A. , Parker Isabelle M. , Kupfer Thomas , Németh Péter , Hermes J. J. , Lopez Isaac D. , Frondorf Will J. , Vestal David , Holden Jazzmyn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hot subdwarf stars are mostly stripped red giants that can exhibit photometric variations due to stellar pulsations, eclipses, the reflection effect, ellipsoidal modulation, and Doppler beaming. Detailed studies of their light curves help constrain stellar parameters through asteroseismological analyses or binary light-curve modeling and generally improve our capacity to draw a statistically meaningful picture of this enigmatic stage of stellar evolution. From an analysis of Gaia DR2 flux errors, we have identified around 1200 candidate hot subdwarfs with inflated flux errors for their magnitudes—a strong indicator of photometric variability. As a pilot study, we obtained 2 minute cadence TESS Cycle 2 observations of 187 candidate hot subdwarfs with anomalous Gaia flux errors. More than 90% of our targets show significant photometric variations in their TESS light curves. Many of the new systems found are cataclysmic variables, but we report the discovery of several new variable hot subdwarfs, including HW Vir binaries, reflection-effect systems, pulsating sdBV
s
stars, and ellipsoidally modulated systems. We determine atmospheric parameters for select systems using follow-up spectroscopy from the 3 m Shane telescope. Finally, we present a Fourier diagnostic plot for classifying binary light curves using the relative amplitudes and phases of their fundamental and harmonic signals in their periodograms. This plot makes it possible to identify certain types of variables efficiently, without directly investigating their light curves, and may assist in the rapid classification of systems observed in large photometric surveys.
Unresolved Sources Naturally Contribute to PeV Gamma-Ray Diffuse Emission Observed by Tibet ASγ
Authors: Vecchiotti V. , Zuccarini F. , Villante F. L. , Pagliaroli G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Tibet ASγ experiment provided the first measurement of the total diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic disk in the sub-PeV energy range. Based on the analysis of TeV sources included in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey catalog, we predict the expected contribution of unresolved pulsar-powered sources in the two angular windows of the Galactic plane observed by Tibet ASγ. We show that the sum of this additional diffuse component due to unresolved sources and the truly diffuse emission, due to cosmic-ray interaction with the interstellar medium, well saturates the Tibet data, without the need to introduce a progressive hardening of the cosmic-ray spectrum toward the Galactic center.
A Census of Thermally Pulsing AGB Stars in the Andromeda Galaxy and a First Estimate of Their Contribution to the Global Dust Budget
Authors: Goldman Steven R. , Boyer Martha L. , Dalcanton Julianne , McDonald Iain , Girardi Léo , Williams Benjamin F. , Srinivasan Sundar , Gordon Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a near-complete catalog of the metal-rich population of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the northwest quadrant of M31. This metal-rich sample complements the equally complete metal-poor Magellanic Cloud AGB catalogs produced by the SAGE program. Our catalog includes Hubble Space Telescope (HST) wide-band photometry from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey, HST medium-band photometry used to chemically classify a subset of the sample, and Spitzer mid- and far-IR photometry that we have used to isolate dust-producing AGB stars. We have detected 346,623 AGB stars; these include 4802 AGB candidates producing considerable dust, and 1356 AGB candidates that lie within clusters with measured ages, and in some cases metallicities. Using the Spitzer data and chemical classifications made with the medium-band data, we have identified both carbon- and oxygen-rich AGB candidates producing significant dust. We have applied color–mass-loss relations based on dusty-AGB stars from the LMC to estimate the dust injection by AGB stars in the PHAT footprint. Applying our color relations to a subset of the chemically classified stars producing the bulk of the dust, we find that ∼97.8% of the dust is oxygen-rich. Using several scenarios for the dust lifetime, we have estimated the contribution of AGB stars to the global dust budget of M31 to be 0.9%–35.5%, which is in line with previous estimates in the Magellanic Clouds. Follow-up observations of the M31 AGB candidates with the JWST will allow us to further constrain stellar and chemical evolutionary models, and the feedback and dust production of metal-rich evolved stars.
Conflit de grande amplitude, risque high-tech et de guérilla
Authors: Dugoin-Clément Christine 
Published: March 2022

Le conflit engagé le 24 février est de grande amplitude et couvre tout l’éventail de la guerre, de l’hybridité à la guérilla en y incluant les dernières générations d’armes high-tech , d’où le risque d’un dérapage permanent et la prolongation dans le temps d’une crise majeure et meurtrière.
Oxidative stability of soybean and corn oils enriched with Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract
Authors: Alves M.M. , Coutinho E.J. , Klein A.F.N.V. , Santos M.N. , Facco J.T. , Rosa M.S. , Fuzinatto M.M. , Martelli S.M. , Fiorucci A.R. , Cardoso C.A.L. , Simionatto E. 
Published: March 2022

Soybean and corn oils are among the most popular vegetable oils, and are ingredients which are widely used in cooking and in the food industry. These oils contain many unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, which makes them easily oxidized by oxygen. Extensive efforts are being made to prevent or minimize vegetable oil oxidation through the development of antioxidants. Phenolic antioxidants which are present in some extracts can be used as food additives to prevent lipid oxidation. In this study chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GC) of the Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract were performed. The content of phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the antioxidant properties against radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also evaluated. The effect of samples prepared with soybean and corn oils enriched with Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract was determined and compared with samples of these oils which were free of antioxidants and with samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The results showed potential for application of the extract. A high content of phenolic compounds (314 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and good IC50 values were detected for the inhibition of the radicals DPPH and ABTS (13.2 µg·mL-1 and 5.6 µg·mL-1). In the evaluation of the oxidative stability of the oils enriched with this extract, it was found that at 1% concentration it was possible to obtain values of induction period (IP) close to the samples with added BHT.
Droit naturel et fraternité
Authors: Pizzolato Filippo 
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution entend mettre en valeur la conception du principe de fraternité qui ressort de l’analyse des documents du magistère social de l’Église catholique pendant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. On relève en particulier à cet égard, pendant un certain temps, une forme de défiance ou, du moins, de réserve quant à ce principe, probablement en raison de l’utilisation qu’en faisaient les libéraux, maçons ou socialistes, avec le triptyque de la Révolution française. Il était donc nécessaire, chaque fois que ce terme était évoqué, d’en préciser l’acception par des adjectifs adaptés. En dépit de ces réserves, la fraternité émerge des documents analysés sous une double forme : comme fraternité statique des fils de Dieu et, surtout, comme fraternité coopérative. Dans ce dernier sens, la fraternité, affranchie de l’égalité des Lumières, se traduit en service que chaque membre du corps social, selon sa destination naturelle, mène en faveur du bien-être de la société dans son ensemble.
Épées, cocardes, tuniques et poignards
Authors: Petrizzo Alessio 
Published: March 2022

Pendant la longue année 1848, le scénario omniprésent d’une guerre d’indépendance invoquée, combattue, et finalement perdue, provoque une évolution marquée de l’idéal normatif d’une nation solidaire de « frères (et de sœurs) d’Italie » en faveur du combat. Après nous être arrêtés, dans une première partie, sur quelques considérations générales relatives au rôle de la métaphore fraternelle dans ce contexte politique, nous analyserons, dans les deux suivantes, la déclinaison combattante typique du cas italien – les images et les expériences des frères en armes, comme ils se désignaient eux-mêmes, au cours de la première phase du cycle révolutionnaire –, puis le caractère opératoire de ce dispositif au travers d’exemples tirés de deux contextes spécifiques, Rome et le Grand-Duché de Toscane qui furent le théâtre, à partir de l’été 1848, d’une radicalisation de l’affrontement politique. Ici, la circulation d’armes et d’hommes en armes en dehors du plein contrôle de gouvernements affaiblis par les transitions institutionnelles répétées et par les revers militaires, au sein de sociétés civiles politisées de manière aussi rapide qu’intense, même au niveau populaire, cause de considérables tensions, au point que les marqueurs et les gages symboliques de fraternité – paroles, sentiments, gestes, objets – peuvent finalement se trouver détournés en signes de sédition, de violence et de guerre civile.
Une fraternité difficile
Authors: Catalan Tullia 
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution examine l’usage politique que trois générations de juifs de Trieste firent de la notion de « fraternité », de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle à la Première Guerre mondiale. Dans une ville de frontière, carrefour entre l’Est et l’Ouest, le concept de fraternité a connu, au cours des décennies examinées ici, de profondes transformations liées au contexte mais aussi aux événements qui virent de jeunes juifs combattre à des niveaux différents pour l’affirmation de l’identité nationale italienne. L’article évoque la « fraternité franc-maçonne » de nature politique qui a soudé, et poussé à l’action, de nombreux protagonistes de l’irrédentiste triestin, mais s’arrête également sur les ruptures radicales qui, durant le conflit mondial, mirent à mal certaines familles et la communauté juive elle-même, en raison du choix de certains de leurs membres, rompant ainsi le lien traditionnel entre « fraternité dans la foi » et « fraternité de sang ».
Frères asymétriques
Authors: Bistarelli Agostino 
Published: March 2022

Cet article souligne l’intérêt potentiel de l’étude de la biographie des couples de frères à partir des différentes formes qu’a pu prendre le lien fraternel et invite à prendre en considération, lorsqu’on étudie les événements, la part de l’aspect de « rivalité », c’est-à-dire la manière dont fonctionne, dans la construction culturelle, le couple d’opposition entre lien fraternel et jalousie (sinon même concurrence), qui prend parfois la forme de ce que l’on a pu définir comme un « complexe fraternel ».Les existences ici étudiées sont celles de frères non symétriques, au sens où ils ne correspondent pas à l’archétype du destin et des choix communs, comme celui des Dioscures (Castor et Pollux), et pas davantage à ceux du modèle d’Ésaü et Jacob (qui consiste à abandonner son droit d’aînesse) ou du mythe d’Œdipe. Ils se placent en effet sur une échelle graduée qui unit les pôles amour/haine fraternels : en l’occurrence, ici, ceux qui vont de la symbiose des Bandiera (ou, sur le front bourbonien, des La Gala) à la rivalité des Pisacane ou des Riccardi. Cette contribution présente le cas de familles plus ou moins connues, afin de vérifier si cet examen peut améliorer notre compréhension des actes de ces différents individus.