bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump
Authors: Pinti Jérôme , Visser André W. , Serra‐Pompei Camila , Andersen Ken H. , Ohman Mark D. , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe biological carbon pump transports photosynthetically fixed carbon from surface waters to depths. It removes carbon from the atmosphere and sequesters it in the deep ocean, playing an important role in global climate regulation. As the biological carbon pump is directly related to biological processes, it is heavily influenced by the biomass and trophic interactions between populations in the ecosystem. However, behavioral responses and adaptations to predation risk change trophic interactions, potentially having larger impacts than direct effects on trophic interactions and population abundances. Thus, predation risk may play an important role in shaping the biological carbon pump's strength (how much carbon leaves the euphotic zone) and efficiency (what fraction of detritus reaches a certain depth without being degraded). Except in the case of active carbon transport by vertically migrating organisms, this role of risk is not generally recognized. Here, we synthesize the existing knowledge on the consequences of anti‐predation responses on the biological carbon pump. First, we consider a generic anti‐predation response and investigate the different direct, indirect, and cascading effects that the response can induce. Then, we focus on pelagic anti‐predation responses and detail how they can specifically alter the different components of the pump. Finally, we discuss points to consider in biological carbon pump studies and highlight directions for future research. In particular, there is a need for more quantitative research to evaluate the importance of anti‐predation responses in shaping the biological carbon pump.
The human factor: Weather bias in manual lake water quality monitoring
Authors: Rand James M. , Nanko Mirjam O. , Lykkegaard Mikkel B. , Wain Danielle , King Whitney , Bryant Lee D. , Hunter Alan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSampling bias due to weather conditions has been anecdotally reported; however, in this analysis we demonstrate that manual lake sampling is significantly more likely to take place in “fair weather” conditions. We show and quantify how a manual lake monitoring program in Maine, USA, is biased due to wind speed, rainfall intensity, and air temperature. Emulating a manually sampled water quality (WQ) data set, we show that, on average, manual sampling recorded, depending upon depth, higher water temperature (between 0.4°C and 1.2°C), lower dissolved oxygen (DO) (between −0.8 and −0.4 mgL−1), and higher chlorophyll values (2.0 μgL−1) than average automated monitoring. By analyzing the actual manual monitoring data, we show that manually collected lake water temperatures are on average 1.0°C higher in the epilimnion and 0.5°C (corrected for sensor lag) higher in the hypolimnion compared to those collected using automated methods. We attribute these differences in WQ measurement values to the weather‐induced manual sampling bias. We believe that the nature of weather bias on manual monitoring will always record higher water temperatures, higher chlorophyll, and lower DO than automatic monitoring. The methodologies presented in this study will apply to similar manually sampled lake monitoring programs and the manual sampling bias will likely affect other WQ parameters. The weather‐induced water temperature bias reported is of the same order of magnitude as the root mean square errors reported in many lake models and is therefore considered substantial. If generally applicable and not corrected for, these results will have important implications for climate models, and similar applications, where manually collected WQ data are employed.
Artificial Intelligence in Classical and Quantum Photonics
Authors: Vernuccio Federico , Bresci Arianna , Cimini Valeria , Giuseppi Alessandro , Cerullo Giulio , Polli Dario , Valensise Carlo Michele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe last decades saw a huge rise of artificial intelligence (AI) as a powerful tool to boost industrial and scientific research in a broad range of fields. AI and photonics are developing a promising two‐way synergy: on the one hand, AI approaches can be used to control a number of complex linear and nonlinear photonic processes, both in the classical and quantum regimes; on the other hand, photonics can pave the way for a new class of platforms to accelerate AI‐tasks. This review provides the reader with the fundamental notions of machine learning (ML) and neural networks (NNs) and presents the main AI applications in the fields of spectroscopy and chemometrics, computational imaging (CI), wavefront shaping and quantum optics. The review concludes with an overview of future developments of the promising synergy between AI and photonics.
“Liquid‐Like” Surface Topography Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings with Bio‐Based and Easy‐Sliding Oil Repellency
Authors: Hu Jianfei , Huang Wenjie , Wu Yu , Zhao Yuting , Wan Ye , Meng Yuan , Liang Wangdong , Jiang Tao , Zhang Qunchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, a “liquid‐like” surface topography and sustainable approach is reported to fabricate transparent oil‐repellent coatings, which involves fabricating new crosslinking polyols by siloxane oligomer modified castor oil fatty chain, followed to obtain waterborne polyurethane coatings. This surface morphology is formed by the grafted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molecular chains in the coating molecules. This low surface tension and liquid‐like topography reduces the coefficient of friction with oily contaminants. Various low‐surface‐tension liquids can easily slide down the coating surfaces on substrates with lower tilting angle. The coatings are applicable to different substrates including glass, plastic, steel, and wood, and those with complex shapes and large surface areas. Thanks to the as‐described crosslinking structure of the coatings, their easy‐sliding oil repellency can be well maintained to avoid sand abrasion damages. Therefore, the advantageous characteristics of the as‐developed high transparency oil‐repellent and eco‐friendly coatings have the potential to replace traditional coatings and are highly practical for shielding against oily contaminants, chemical‐shield that protect coated plastics from dissolution by organic solvents, and nonstick coatings.
3D Printing based on Photopolymerization and Photocatalysts: Review and Prospect
Authors: Li Jia , Boyer Cyrille , Zhang Xuewen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract3D printing is a fabrication method that has attracted worldwide attention in recent years, providing a convenient and economical method for the fabrication of 3D structures. With the development of this technology and the reduction of operating costs, the application of 3D printing is greatly expanded. This paper focuses on the application progress of 3D printing in the preparation of photocatalysts. Considering the advantage that photopolymerization‐based 3D printing technology can better control the structure and active component distribution of photocatalytic products, the realization possibility of one‐step digital light processing (DLP) printing photocatalyst products is particularly prospected. In addition, the latest research progress of photocatalytic materials and 3D printing technology is also summarized, and the problems that need to be broken through in the future development of DLP‐3D printing technology are discussed.
Dietary Advanced Glycation End‐Products Affects the Progression of Early Diabetes by Intervening in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Wu Yi , Zong Minhua , Wu Hong , He Dong , Li Lin , Zhang Xia , Zhao Di , Li Bing 
Published: March 2022

ScopeEpidemiologic studies indicate significant contributions of thermally processed diets to the risk for diabetes and its related renal complications, but the mechanisms relating diet to disease remain unclear. This study evaluates the effects of the diet differ only in the content of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) on early diabetes in Leprdb/db mice.Methods and resultsHigh AGEs diet (60 mg CML per kg protein) is fed to mice for 8 weeks. Dietary AGEs associated with diabetic features, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and increased mRNA expression of renal chemokines, CCL3 and CXC3L1 are found. Untargeted metabolomics reveal that the high AGEs diet inhibits carbohydrate catabolism and promotes lipid anabolism. Additionally, the high AGEs diet alters the composition of the gut microbiota and indirectly affects the carbohydrate metabolism by altering the plasma levels of glyceraldehyde and pyruvate. However, switching to the lower AGEs diet can relieve most of the symptoms except microbiota composition.ConclusionThe results indicate that dietary AGEs exposure intervenes in the development of diabetes through modulating the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and critically, switching to the lower AGEs diet arrested or reversed diabetes progression. A light‐processing dietary intervention that helps to arrest early diabetes is suggested.
Science‐based quality control in boar semen production
Authors: Schulze Martin , Jung Markus , Hensel Britta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing understanding of sperm physiology, combined with innovative technical advances, continuously furthers the development of boar semen production management. These improvements pave the way for the future implementation of modified quality assurance concepts. This review provides an overview of current trends and new approaches in boar semen production, focusing on: the improvement of hygienic standards, alternatives to the use of antibiotics including the application of cold temperature storage and the utilization of antimicrobial additives, as well as the implementation of new quality control tools. Furthermore, the influence of dilution and temperature management, as well as new possibilities for an improvement of boar semen shipping and storage conditions are reviewed.
Kätzchen gehen immer
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWoran forschen Menschen abseits von Chemie, und was lässt sich mit ihren Ergebnissen anfangen? Wenn schon auf den ersten Blick nichts, dann doch vielleicht auf den zweiten. Und einen genauen Blick wirft das Ig‐Nobelpreis‐Komitee. Unter den Geehrten: Forschung zu Katzen, Kinoluft, Bärten und Orgasmen.
Cytological and Molecular Approaches for Ploidy Determination: Results from a Wild Walleye Population
Authors: Farrell Collin J. , Johnson Brett M. , Hansen Adam G. , Myrick Christopher A. , Anderson Eric C. , Delomas Thomas A. , Schreier Andrea D. , Van Eenennaam Joel P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the increasing use of triploid fish for sport fisheries management, biologists, researchers, and managers working in field environments need practical methods to determine ploidy. Cytological methods (e.g., flow cytometry, Coulter counter) using erythrocytes are the most common for ploidy determination in fishes. However, collecting and storing erythrocytes can be logistically challenging during field work, and donor fish need to be alive or freshly killed. With rapid advances in molecular genetics, biologists, researchers, and managers may be unaware of molecular approaches for ploidy determination that could alleviate the difficulties associated with cytological methods and allow ploidy determination from archived samples (e.g., fin clips, scales, otoliths). In this study, we analyzed the agreement between molecular-based (using fin tissue) and Coulter counter-based (using blood) ploidy determinations for Walleyes Stizostedion vitreum—the first assessment of concordance between molecular and cytological methods for determining ploidy in the family Percidae. We found that agreement between these two methods was &gt;98%. The high degree of agreement and greater ease of collecting and storing samples for molecular-based approaches relative to the traditional cytological ones support the utility of molecular methods for ploidy determination.
Unravelling the tumour genome: The evolutionary and clinical impacts of structural variants in tumourigenesis
Authors: Hamdan Alhafidz , Ewing Ailith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStructural variants (SVs) represent a major source of aberration in tumour genomes. Given the diversity in the size and type of SVs present in tumours, the accurate detection and interpretation of SVs in tumours is challenging. New classes of complex structural events in tumours are discovered frequently, and the definitions of the genomic consequences of complex events are constantly being refined. Detailed analyses of short‐read whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from large tumour cohorts facilitate the interrogation of SVs at orders of magnitude greater scale and depth. However, the inherent technical limitations of short‐read WGS prevent us from accurately detecting and investigating the impact of all the SVs present in tumours. The expanded use of long‐read WGS will be critical for improving the accuracy of SV detection, and in fully resolving complex SV events, both of which are crucial for determining the impact of SVs on tumour progression and clinical outcome. Despite the present limitations, we demonstrate that SVs play an important role in tumourigenesis. In particular, SVs contribute significantly to late‐stage tumour development and to intratumoural heterogeneity. The evolutionary trajectories of SVs represent a window into the clonal dynamics in tumours, a comprehensive understanding of which will be vital for influencing patient outcomes in the future. Recent findings have highlighted many clinical applications of SVs in cancer, from early detection to biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis. As the methods to detect and interpret SVs improve, elucidating the full breadth of the complex SV landscape and determining how these events modulate tumour evolution will improve our understanding of cancer biology and our ability to capitalise on the utility of SVs in the clinical management of cancer patients. © 2022 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Quantitative evaluation of cardiac glycosides and their seasonal variation analysis in Nerium oleander using UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Singh Yatendra , Nimoriya Renu , Rawat Priyanka , Mishra Dipak K. , Kanojiya Sanjeev 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionNerium oleander is an eminent source of structurally diverse cardiac glycosides (CGs), plays a prominent role in the treatment of heart failure, and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell lines. CGs exert their cardiotonic action by binding to the extracellularly exposed recognition sites on Na+/K+‐ATPase, an integral membrane protein that establishes the electrochemical gradient of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantitatively determine CGs and their seasonal variation in leaf and stem samples of N. oleander utilizing UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS techniques.MethodsThe UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analytical method was developed utilizing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The Waters BEH C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with a 22‐min linear gradient consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer.ResultsIn total 21 CGs were quantitatively determined in the seasonal leaf and stem samples of N. oleander along with the absolute quantitation of the three chemical markers odoroside H (244.8 μg/g), odoroside A (231.4 μg/g), and oleandrin (703.9 μg/g). The season‐specific accumulation of chemical markers was observed in the order of predominance odoroside A (summer season, stem), odoroside H (winter season, stem), and oleandrin (rainy season, leaf). Besides this, the remaining 18 CGs were relatively quantified in the same samples.ConclusionThe developed method is simple and reliable and can be used for the identification and quantification of multiple CGs in N. oleander.
Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work?
Authors: Rubia Katya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reflects on the use of neurotherapeutics for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is the most imaged child psychiatric disorder, with over 3 decades of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research. Findings are relatively homogeneous compared to other psychiatric conditions with consistent evidence for differences, albeit small, relative to healthy controls in the structure and function of several frontal, parietotemporal, and striatal brain regions as well as their inter‐regional structural and functional connections. The functional deficits have been targeted with modern neurotherapeutics, including neurofeedback (using most commonly electroencephalography and more recently functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and functional MRI) and non‐invasive brain stimulation (such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, or external trigeminal nerve stimulation). Except for electroencephalography‐neurofeedback, the majority of neurotherapeutic studies have been relatively small, with very heterogenous research protocols and outcome measures and—likely as a consequence—inconsistent findings. Furthermore, most brain stimulation studies have tested effects on cognitive functions rather than clinical symptoms. So far, findings have not been very promising. Future studies require systematic testing of optimal protocols in large samples or homogenous subgroups to understand response prediction that could lead to individualized treatment.
First trimester ultrasound in the age of cell‐free DNA screening: What are we missing?
Authors: Ramdaney Aarti , Mulligan Shannon , Wittman Theresa , Wagner Chelsea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of first trimester (FT) ultrasound (US) between 10 and 14 weeks gestation in identifying fetal findings that would impact clinical management.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of FT US associated with an abnormal ICD‐10 code from August 2016 to December 2018. Results of FT US, genetic testing, and management decisions were abstracted from the electronic health record.ResultsA total of 20,594 FT US were performed within our study period, representing 6064 unique patients. Of these, 278 ultrasounds were noted to have fetal findings (278/6064, 4.6%). The most frequent fetal findings were fetal demises (98/278, 35.3%), followed by increased NT/cystic hygroma (67/278, 24.1%), and multiple anomalies (35/278, 12.6%). There was a significant difference between the frequency of fetal findings between patients considered advanced maternal age (AMA) and those who were not (p = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of specific anomalies between these two groups (p = 0.103).ConclusionFT US provides clinical information outside the scope of cfDNA screening in both AMA and non‐AMA populations regarding viability and fetal anatomy. Earlier detection of these findings is crucial to allow for the opportunity of informed discussion of testing strategy and decision making.
Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Jiean , Wang Fanyu , Zhang Jia‐Han , Zhang Jing , Shi Yi , Pan Lijia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible electronic devices to obtain accurate and efficient information interactions between humans and machines have gained increasing attention in recent years. A series of soft materials for flexible electronics have been developed to improve device performance in terms of electrical and mechanical properties. Among them, conductive polymer‐based hydrogels (CPHs), which combine the tunable electronic properties of conductive polymers and the soft mechanical properties of hydrogels, are promising candidates for next‐generation wearable electronic devices. This review summarized the material design and preparation of CPHs, and presented the properties of CPHs, including tunable conductivity, outstanding mechanical performance, biocompatibility, self‐healing capability, resistance to freezing, and solution processability. In particular, their emerging applications in flexible electronics devices including flexible supercapacitors, flexible sensors, and biomedical electronics are highlighted. Furthermore, perspectives on existing challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Dead space washout by intentional leakage flow during conventional ventilation of premature infants—an experimental study
Authors: Schöber Martin , Bohnhorst Bettina , Annon‐Eberharter Natalee , Wald Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveInvasive mechanical ventilation poses a strong risk factor for the development of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. A reduction of the dead space as part of the total breathing volume would reduce the ventilation effort and thereby lower the risk of ventilator‐induced lung injuries. In this experimental study, we compared the efficacy of mechanical dead space washout via uncontrolled and controlled leakage flow in their ability to eliminate CO2 during conventional ventilation in preterm infants.MethodsThree frequently used neonatal ventilators, operating under standard conventional ventilating parameters, were individually connected to a test lung. To maintain a constant physiological end‐expiratory pCO2 level during ventilation, the test lung was continuously flooded with CO2. A side port in the area of the connector between the endotracheal tube and the flow sensor allowed breathing gas to escape passively or in a second experimental setup, regulated by a pump. Measurements of end‐expiratory pCO2 were taken in both experiments and compared to end‐expiratory pCO2 levels of ventilation without active dead space leakage.ResultsFollowing dead space washout, a significant reduction of end‐expiratory pCO2 was attained. Under conditions of uncontrolled leakage, the mean decrease was 14.1% while controlled leakage saw a mean reduction of 16.1%.ConclusionWashout of dead space by way of leakage flow is an effective method to reduce end‐expiratory pCO2. Both controlled and uncontrolled leakage provide comparable results, but precise regulation of leakage allows for a more stable ventilation by preventing uncontrolled loss of tidal volume during inspiration.