bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 on a high‐volume incident learning system: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Jacqmin Dustin J. , Crosby Jennie S. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work was to assess how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic impacted our incident learning system data and communicate the impact of a major exogenous event on radiation oncology clinical practice.MethodsTrends in our electronic incident reporting system were analyzed to ascertain the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including any direct clinical changes. Incident reports submitted in the 18 months prior to the pandemic (September 14, 2018 to March 13, 2020) and reports submitted during the first 18 months of the pandemic (March 14, 2020 to September 13, 2021) were compared. The incident reports include several data elements that were evaluated for trends between the two time periods, and statistical analysis was performed to compare the proportions of reports.ResultsIn the 18 months prior to COVID‐19, 192 reports were submitted per 1000 planning tasks (n = 832 total). In the first 18 months of the pandemic, 147 reports per 1000 planning tasks were submitted (n = 601 total), a decrease of 23.4%. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant changes among the data elements between the pre‐ and during COVID‐19 time periods. An analysis of the free‐text narratives in the reports found that phrases related to pretreatment imaging were common before COVID‐19 but not during. Conversely, phrases related to intravenous contrast, consent for computed tomography, and adaptive radiotherapy became common during COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe data elements captured by our incident learning system were stable after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with no statistically significant findings after correction for multiple comparisons. A trend toward fewer reports submitted for low‐risk issues was observed. The methods used in the work can be generalized to events with a large‐scale impact on the clinic or to monitor an incident learning system to drive future improvement activities.
Altered Gut Microbiome in Patients With Dermatomyositis
Authors: Bae Sangmee Sharon , Dong Tien S. , Wang Jennifer , Lagishetty Venu , Katzka William , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Charles‐Schoeman Christina 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe study objective was to compare the microbial composition of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and healthy controls (HCs) and determine whether microbial alterations are associated with clinical manifestations of DM.MethodsThe 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from patients with DM and HCs. Microbial composition and diversity were compared between subjects with DM and HCs and in association with several DM‐specific clinical variables, including myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs). Differentially abundant microbial taxa and genes associated with clinical characteristics were identified, and functional analysis was performed using predicted metagenomics. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24‐hour dietary recall.ResultsThe fecal microbiome of 36 patients with DM and 26 HCs were analyzed. Patients with DM trended toward lower microbial diversity compared with HCs. The higher physician global damage score was significantly correlated with the lower microbial diversity in patients with DM. Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)‐associated MSA (antisynthetase antibody (ab), anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 ab, n = 12) had significant differences in microbial composition and lower microbial diversity compared with HCs. Differential abundance testing demonstrated a unique taxonomic signature in the ILD‐MSA subgroup, and predictive metagenomics identified functional alterations in a number of metabolic pathways. A significant increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was positively correlated with multiple pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and transport in the ILD‐MSA group.ConclusionPatients with DM, particularly with ILD‐associated MSAs, have lower microbial diversity and a distinct taxonomic composition compared with HCs. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and elucidate specific pathogenetic mechanisms that link the gut microbiome to clinical and pathological features of DM.
Quantifying the Excitonic Static Disorder in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Kay Austin M. , Sandberg Oskar J. , Zarrabi Nasim , Li Wei , Zeiske Stefan , Kaiser Christina , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are disordered molecular solids, and as a result, their internal charge generation dynamics, charge transport dynamics, and ultimately, the performance of the optoelectronic devices they constitute, are governed by energetic disorder. This is particularly pertinent for emerging photovoltaic technology where the extractable power is directly dependent on these dynamics. To ascertain how energetic disorder impacts charge generation, exciton transport, charge transport, and the performance of organic semiconductor devices, an accurate approach is first required to measure this critical parameter. In this work, it is shown that the static disorder of an organic semiconductor can be obtained from its photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectrum at wavelengths near the absorption onset. A detailed methodology is presented, alongside a computational framework, for quantifying the static energetic disorder associated with singlet excitons. Moreover, the authors show that minimizing the limiting effects of optical interference is crucial for achieving high‐accuracy quantifications. Finally, transparent devices are employed to estimate the excitonic static disorder in several technologically relevant organic semiconductor donor–acceptor blends, including the high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic system PM6:Y6.
Advancing Performance and Unfolding Mechanism of Lithium and Sodium Storage in SnO2 via Precision Synthesis of Monodisperse PEG‐Ligated Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Shiqiang , He Yanjie , Wang Zewei , Bo Xiaoxu , Hao Shumeng , Yuan Yifei , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLow conductivity and tin coarsening issues hinder the utility of tin dioxide as anode for lithium and sodium ion batteries. To significantly advance the electrochemical performance and systematically unfold the energy storage mechanism of SnO2, monodisperse poly(ethylene glycol)‐ligated SnO2 nanoparticles are in situ crafted with star‐like poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymers as nanoreactors and uniformly confined in layer‐by‐layer stacked graphene oxide matrix (denoted SnO2@PEG‐GO). Remarkably, SnO2@PEG‐GO nanohybrids manifest fully reversible three‐step lithiation‐delithiation reactions of SnO2 with an ultrahigh 100th discharge capacity of 1523 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, SnO2@PEG‐GO nanohybrids exhibit an ultrastable sodium storage capacity of 527 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 50 mA g−1, and the conversion reaction between Sn and SnO is uncovered as the primary reversible sodiation–desodiation reaction of SnO2. Notably, in addition to buffering volume expansion of SnO2 nanoparticles, the synergy between PEG and GO promotes Li+ or Na+ ion and electron transfers and inhibits Sn coarsening at micro and macro scales. This work provides a robust strategy to realizing outstanding electrochemical properties and scrutinizing fundamental mechanisms that underpin the performance of active materials via surface polymer ligation, precise size control, and uniform graphene encapsulation.
Aqueous Mediated Reactions Involving Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Soni Rinku , Sihag Monika , Rani Neha , Kinger Mayank , Aneja Deepak Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral reactions mended by hypervalent iodine reagents have been developed in aqueous media recently. The evolution of reactions using hypervalent iodine reagents in aqueous medium is one of the most vital fields in organic synthesis to achieve one of the requirements of green chemistry. Hypervalent iodine reagents have the potential to replace toxic metals in numerous chemical reactions viz. oxidation reactions, coupling reactions, α‐functionaliztion reactions, cyclization reactions and halogenations reactions etc. due to their stability, high selectivity, easy and simple experimentation, less toxic nature. In a chemical reaction solvents are required for several functions viz. in extractions, reactants solubility, washing and separation of final products. Water as a medium represents a safe, non‐toxic, inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative to toxic organic solvents for various organic reactions. The evolution of hypervalent iodine reagents with modified reactivities in aqueous phase now enable such chemical reactions which were thought to be illogical only a century ago. Therefore, in the present review, we summarize the various aqueous mediated reactions involving hypervalent iodine reagents.
Ag(I)‐mediated hydrolysis of hydrazone to azine: Synthesis, X‐ray structure, and biological investigations of two new Ag(I)‐azine complexes
Authors: Elbadawy Hemmat A. , Khalil Samar M. S. M. , Al‐Wahaib Dhuha , Barakat Assem , Soliman Saied M. , Eldissouky Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReactions of 2‐(1‐hydrazonoethyl)pyridine with silver salts AgX (X = NO3¯ or ClO4¯) proceeded via the hydrolysis of the pyridine ligand and the formation of the dinuclear [AgL1]2(ClO4)2 (1) and [AgL1(NO3)]2 (2) complexes of the azine ligand, 1,2‐bis(1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (L1). The structures of the obtained complexes were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The azine ligand (L1) is acting as a bidentate ligand and connects the two Ag‐sites via the pyridine and the azine nitrogen atoms. In complex 1, the Ag(I) ion is tetra‐coordinated, while in complex 2 the Ag(I) ion is penta‐coordinated due to the presence of additional interaction with one of the oxygen atoms of the nitrate ion. As a result, the azine ligand is significantly twisted in complex 2 compared to complex 1. The optimized geometries of three conformers of L1 were calculated using DFT calculations, and their kinetic and thermodynamic stability were analyzed. It was found that a free rotation of L1 is required prior to the chelation of the Ag(I) ion. The packing in complex 1 is controlled by H…H, O…H, and Ag…O interactions, but in complex 2, the O…H and N…H interactions are the most significant. Complex 2 has better antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans than the antifungal drug Ketoconazole. Also, the nitrato complex 2 has a promising antioxidant activity compared to the perchlorate complex 1. The cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma HCT‐116 cell line is higher for complex 1 (IC50 = 19.72 ± 0.94 μg/ml) than complex 2 (IC50 = 68.31 ± 2.97 μg/ml).
Strategies to Improve Perioperative Communication During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Serrano Reyes Maybel 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a variety of challenges that have necessitated process changes in perioperative environments. Communication failures are a cause of surgical adverse events, and the pandemic has created additional communication concerns. Measures to prevent disease transmission, such as social distancing and wearing personal protective equipment, may inhibit communication. Relational dynamics and the types of collaboration that perioperative health care professionals exhibit can affect the quality of communication. The use of checklists during procedures and the hand‐over process may enhance communication content. Health care professionals can use communication tools, such as portable and fixed communication devices, an electronic display of the OR schedule, cyber‐physical systems, and short message service (ie, text messages) to facilitate information sharing. The concepts presented in this article should help perioperative nurses to improve communication during and after the pandemic.
The frame of Nigerian sex trafficking between internal and external usurpers: A qualitative research through the gaze of the female Nigerian cultural mediators
Authors: Tessitore Francesca , Gallo Marica , Cozzolino Mauro , Margherita Giorgia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present qualitative study, through a psychoanalytic and culturally sensitive lens, aims at shedding light on the representations of the Nigerian sexual trafficking phenomenon and on the peculiarities of the relationship with trafficked women, from the perspective of five Nigerian female cultural mediators who work in the field of anti‐trafficking. A semi‐structured interview was developed and analyzed according to the principles of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis‐IPA. On the background of a complex process of construction of borders between the Self and the Other, the findings show that the complexity of the cultural mediation work is higher with trafficked women due to the similarities in terms of gender, ethnic, and cultural identities. These similarities produce continuous oscillatory movements between identification/dis‐identification, confusion/differentiation, and admiration/envy. Sexual trafficking emerges as a complex chain folded over itself made by a succession of internal and external usurpers, which mutually reinforces one another, worsening the mental health of migrant women and exacerbating their vulnerabilities. The findings show the need to build thinking spaces specifically directed to the female cultural mediators who work with trafficked women in order to protect them from the risk of vicarious trauma as well as to promote an awareness about the complexities involved in their work. The possibility to understand human and sexual trafficking on a deeper level allows the planning of more person‐centered clinical interventions, which can take care of women's well‐being as well as prevent the high and very frequent risk of dropping out.
Alectinib versus crizotinib in ALK‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and comparison of next‐generation TKIs after crizotinib failure: Real‐world evidence
Authors: Wang Yurong , Shen Shujing , Hu Peizhu , Geng Di , Zheng Ruipan , Li Xingya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion is a prognostic indicator for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The real‐world data of ALK TKIs remain a major concern.MethodsPatients with ALK‐positive advanced NSCLC, who received crizotinib or alectinib treatment in first line, were retrospectively reviewed. ALK status was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Clinical outcomes have been comprehensively analyzed between TKIs, ALK fusions, EML4‐ALK variants, and next‐generation TKIs after crizotinib failure.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐eight patients were successively enrolled (crizotinib, n = 109; alctinib, n = 59). Alectinib showed consistent superiority in progressive‐free survival (PFS) over crizotinib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.43, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.24–0.77, p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression showed chemotherapy (CT) prior to TKIs or synchronous chemotherapy seemed not to improve PFS compared to ALK inhibitors alone (p > 0.05). And, alectinib was superior to crizotinib in prolonging intracranial PFS (HR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03–0.49, p = 0.003). Patients in EML4 group had a better prognosis than those in non‐EML4 group after alectinib administration (HR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.60, p = 0.009). TP53 co‐mutations were relatively common (34.0%) and associated with adverse outcome in ALK‐positive patients (adjusted HR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.00–4.92, p = 0.049). After crizotinib failure, 33 patients received a sequential application of next‐generation ALK TKIs. Compared to ceritinib and brigatinib, alectinib might have better PFS (p = 0.043).ConclusionOur results revealed alectinib had better PFS and higher intracranial efficacy compared to crizotinib in ALK‐positive NSCLC, and might improve PFS by comparison with ceritinib and brigatinib after crizotinib failure.
Predictors of success in primary retrograde strategy in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PROGRESS‐chronic total occlusion registry
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Masoumi Amirali , Jaffer Farouc A. , Doshi Darshan , Khatri Jaikirshan , Poommipanit Paul , Gorgulu Sevket , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Goktekin Omer , Krestyaninov Oleg , Davies Rhian , ElGuindy Ahmed , Haddad Elias V. , Kerrigan Jimmy , Patel Mitul , Chandwaney Raj H. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Allana Salman , Rangan Bavana V. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn upfront (primary) retrograde strategy is often used in complex chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsWe examined the clinical, angiographic characteristics, and procedural outcomes of CTO PCIs that were approached with a primary retrograde strategy in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of CTO Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO, NCT02061436).ResultsOf 10,286 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2022, a primary retrograde strategy was used in 1329 (13%) with an initial technical success of 66%, and a final success of 83%. Patients who underwent successful versus unsuccessful primary retrograde cases had similar characteristics: age (65 ± 10 vs. 65 ± 9, years, p = 0.203), men (83% vs. 87%, p = 0.066), prior PCI (71% vs. 71%, p = 0.809), and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (52% vs. 53%, p = 0.682). The PROGRESS‐CTO score (1.3 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 0.9, p < 0.001), air kerma radiation (3.9 ± 2.8 vs. 3.4 ± 2.6, gray, p = 0.013), and contrast use (294 ± 148 ml vs. 248 ± 128, ml, p < 0.001) were higher in the unsuccessful group, whereas the presence of interventional collaterals (95% vs. 72%, p < 0.001) and Werner collateral connection grade 2 (43% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) were higher in the successful group. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only variable associated with a successful primary retrograde strategy was the presence of interventional collaterals: odds ratio: 6.52 (95% confidence intervals; 3.5–12.1, p < 0.001).ConclusionPresence of interventional collaterals is independently associated with higher success rates with a primary retrograde strategy in CTO PCI.
Value‐added products from waste: Slow pyrolysis of used polyethylene‐lined paper coffee cup waste
Authors: Lee Heejin , Papari Sadegh , Bernardini Giulio , Gallorini Riccardo , Rosi Luca , Berruti Franco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine how to recycle cup waste efficiently and effectively and to determine if cup waste can be converted into liquid, solid, and gas value‐added products by slow pyrolysis. The characteristics and potential utilizations of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The study included the effects of temperature, heating rate, and different feedstocks. The yield of pyrolysis oil derived from cup waste increased from 42% at 400°C to 47% at 600°C, while the yield of char decreased from 26% at 400°C to approximately 20% at 600°C. Acetic acid and levoglucosan were identified as the main components of the pyrolysis oil. The char obtained at 500°C was physically activated at 900°C for 3 h with CO2. The adsorption capacity of the activated char was investigated with model compounds, such as methyl orange, methylene blue, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the activated char was similar to that of commercial activated carbon produced from peat. The higher heating value of the produced gas stream calculated at 400°C was 19.59 MJ/Nm3. Also, conventional slow pyrolysis (CSP) and microwave‐assisted pyrolysis (MAP) technologies were compared to determine the differences in terms of products yields, composition and characteristics of the pyrolysis oil, and their potential applications. The CSP yields higher liquid products than MAP. Also, the pyrolysis oil obtained from the CSP had significantly more levoglucosan and acetic acid compared to that of the MAP.
Quantification of powder holdups in the presence of a cavity with lateral gas–powder injection in a packed bed
Authors: Lakshminarasimha Shrutee , Maurya Abhinav , Gupta Govind Sharan , Arun Chaitanya Gadi Venkat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe lateral flow of gas–powder through a packed bed in a cold model is studied to understand the flow and holdup behaviour of powder in the presence of a cavity, nozzle (tuyere) protrusion, and decreasing gas condition, a system used in the ironmaking blast furnace. Experiments conducted in the current study included a two‐dimensional (2D) slot‐type packed bed. A previously published mass balance and elutriation velocity concept formed the basis for accurately quantifying the static and dynamic powder holdups. Experiments conducted under different conditions such as powder size and flux, gas flow rate, and packed particle density and size resulted in quantifying the powder holdups. The pressure drop in both horizontal and vertical directions is studied in all two‐phase flow experiments. The formation of the static holdup with time in the packed bed is studied. The reproducibility of the experiments was confirmed. The static holdup inside the packed bed at various locations along the vertical direction (i.e., height) is also quantified. The static holdup correlation developed based on experimental data resulted in a 95% confidence interval. Static powder holdup increases with a decrease in the superficial gas velocity, an increase in the size of the powder particle, and powder flux. Dynamic holdup also showed a similar trend.
An ArmurMimus multimodal biometric system for Khosher authentication
Authors: Bokade Gayatri Umakant , Kanphade Rajendra D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the basic requirements of our modern day society is personal authentication. Biometric recognition should make a human‐like identity determination by identifying its physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. In comparison to traditional knowledge‐based approaches, biometric identification systems have the potential to bring benefits. However, because of the difficulties in extracting non‐class discriminative features, the lack of protection during storage of extracted features, and poor recognition accuracy, most frequently used biometric systems lack model protection and robustness. This research proposed a Mimus multimodal biometric system focused on the combination of multiple modalities and optimal level fusion of features to resolve these problems. Initially, the novel Blob‐funk method extracts the complementary non‐class discriminatory information among different modalities, which accomplishes the biometric data enrollment. Thus, it extracts the different properties by comparing surrounding regions based on finding the local maxima and minima of the function. After extracting the features, they need to be stored in a secure manner in a database. Therefore, the paper incorporates the new code block protection strategy to achieve an effectual protection of continuous monitoring via the generation of non‐invertible features, which is used to create the templates, thus storing them in a database. Finally, the novel Lucynomial logistic regression system incorporates user authentication and thus achieves greater recognition accuracy through estimation of threshold value with confrontation of spoof attacks. Hence, compared to the existing techniques such as SVM, PCA, and DBN, the outcome of the proposed work attains 97.53% accuracy, 0.020% FAR, 96.44% recall, and 97.85% precision, thus exemplifying the competence of the novel system.