bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of moisture content on the enolization products formation in glucose–proline Maillard reaction models
Authors: Li He , Yang Fu‐Han , Zhang Wen‐Chao , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Yu Shu‐Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND2,3‐Dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4(H)‐pyran‐4‐one (DDMP) and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are two main enolization products in the Maillard reaction and found in some foodstuffs. For many years, whether they are functional or noxious to human health has been a matter of debate. Thus, insight into their formation pathways is important to manage Maillard reaction products. In this study, DDMP and HMF were quantified and compared with regard to their formation and degradation in the d‐glucose and l‐proline Maillard reaction models using different moisture contents (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 mL) at 150 °C for various heating times.RESULTSDDMP was predominantly generated in dry or low water‐content heating models along with n increased 1‐deoxyglucosone (1‐DG) generation via 2,3‐enolization. However, increasing moisture content resulted in a decay of reaction intensity, 1‐DG, and DDMP due to a change in the reaction mechanism from 2,3‐enolization to 1,2‐enolization, which facilitated 3‐deoxyglucosone (3‐DG) and HMF formation.CONCLUSIONIncreased moisture content in glucose–proline models reduced reaction intensity and also inhibited DDMP and facilitated HMF formation by promoting the pathway change from 2,3‐enolization to 1,2‐enolization to generate more 3‐DG. A water content of 1.0 mL was identified as a critical value, from which the 1,2‐enolization became a primary pathway occurring in the Maillard reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Long noncoding RNA TFAP2A‐AS1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cell growth and movement via competitively binding miR‐1297 and regulating TFAP2A expression
Authors: Yang Kaicheng , Niu Yunfeng , Cui Zifeng , Jin Linyu , Peng Shixiong , Dong Zhiming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and common malignancy in the head and neck, characterized by poor prognosis and high incidence. This study aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA TFAP2A‐AS1 in OSCC. The competing endogenous RNA network of TFAP2A‐AS1 was constructed by bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of miR‐1297, TFAP2A‐AS1, and TFAP2A were measured by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The correlations of TFAP2A‐AS1, miR‐1297, and TFAP2A with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC were assessed. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target of miR‐1297. Cell proliferation was measured by colony formation assay and [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium] assay. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to assess cell movement. TFAP2A‐AS1 and TFAP2A were upregulated in OSCC and their expression levels were positively correlated. The levels of TFAP2A‐AS1, miR‐1297, and TFAP2A were also associated with lymphatic metastasis and the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage of OSCC patients. TFAP2A‐AS1 acted as a miR‐1297 sponge. OSCC cell growth and movement were inhibited by miR‐1297. Changes in the miR‐1297 expression abolished the effects of TFAP2A‐AS1 on OSCC cells. Additionally, TFAP2A was a target of miR‐1297. TFAP2A promoted OSCC cell growth and migration/invasion, indicating that TFAP2A mediated the effects of TFAP2A‐AS1 and miR‐1297. TFAP2A‐AS1 exerts an oncogenic effect in OSCC via the TFAP2A‐AS1/miR‐1297/TFAP2A axis, which may provide new targets and strategies for OSCC treatments
A pilot study on oral cyclosporine A in association with fulguration for the treatment of interstitial cystitis with Hunner's lesions
Authors: Brière Raphaëlle , Bouchard Frédérique , Ismail Salima , Gareau Labelle Annie‐Kim , Tu Le Mai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of lesion fulguration in combination with cyclosporine A (CyA) as a maintenance therapy in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) with Hunner's lesion (HL).MethodsRetrospective observational study of refractory patients with HL treated with daily 1.5 mg/kg or less of oral CyA following lesion fulguration. Pain severity, subjective improvement, urinary symptoms, and adverse events were used to assess long‐term treatment efficiency and safety.ResultsAmong the 22 patients, median follow‐up under CyA was 27 months. Patients reported sustained significant reduction compared to pretreatment in pain (0/10 vs. 8/10; p < 0.001), urinary frequency per 24 h (9.5 vs. 20.8; p < 0.001), and nocturia (2.3 vs. 7.6; p < 0.001). Subjective improvement rate (SIR) and patient global impression of improvement were of 90% and 1 (“very much better”), respectively, including four patients who considered themselves cured (SIR: 100%). Three patients needed an additional procedure due to pain relapse. Minor increase in creatinine was observed and three patients developed or worsened their arterial hypertension. CyA dosage was decreased to 1.2 mg/kg or less for long‐term relief (n = 8), creatinine increase (n = 5), and neutropenia (n = 1) with subsequent improvement in renal function without symptom deterioration.ConclusionsOral CyA seems to allow a sustained long‐term relief following HL fulguration by alleviating pain, decreasing urinary symptoms, and procuring great subjective improvement. The daily low dose of 1.5 mg/kg or less appears to have limited adverse events while preventing repeated procedures. Larger trials are warranted.
Characteristic periglacial topography: Multi‐scale hypsometric analysis of cryoplanated uplands in eastern Beringia
Authors: Queen Clayton W. , Nelson Frederick E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneral geomorphometry is concerned with the geometric form of the continuous land surface and can be useful for identifying topographic “signatures.” Hypsometry has found numerous applications in several subfields of geomorphology, but has not been used extensively in published periglacial work. Hypsometric analysis was applied in this study to several unglaciated and glaciated locales in Alaska's Yukon‐Tanana Upland and Indian River Upland physiographic sections, extensive areas of eastern Beringia in which cryoplanation landforms are ubiquitous. Never‐glaciated terrain in this region has a hypsometric signature distinctly different from that of glaciated areas within sample areas ranging in size from 0.25 to 100 km2. Cryoplanated terrain exhibits a distinctive convex‐upward hypsometric signature, a reflection of a greater proportion of the reference solid (land mass) remaining intact than in typical mature fluvial or glaciated terrain. Because the elevational position of cryoplanation terraces is slightly below and parallel with snowline position it is, in effect, climatically determined from above, and localized planar surfaces develop near that level. Comparison with terrain in the southwestern USA demonstrates that substantial differences also exist between the hypsometry of upland periglacial terrain in eastern Beringia and that of inselbergs and pediments in warm‐desert geomorphic landscapes, casting doubt on a suggestion that cryoplanation terraces and cryopediments in high‐latitude mountains could be inherited from past intervals of subtropical desert conditions We conclude that characteristic periglacial erosional topography exists in unglaciated areas of Beringia and can be detected and described quantitatively through objective methods.
Perspectives on biotechnology: Public and corporate narratives in the GM archives
Authors: Holmes Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe contentious debate over genetically modified (GM) crops in Britain has entered a new era following Brexit and the development of gene editing. At the same time, the events of the 1980s and 1990s are now entering historical archives, including the GM Archive at the Science Museum in London. This article explores how fears of unnaturalness and arguments from historical continuity informed the British GM controversy. It also analyses the limitations of these modern archives. The concerns surrounding the naturalness and continuity of biotechnology have recently been resurrected following suggestions that gene editing will be employed in plant breeding.Summary

This research examines the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops to Britain, including the backlash from environmentalist groups and the public that led to a de facto government moratorium on their commercialisation in 1998.
Harnessing archival materials from the Science Museum's GM Archive, this paper shows that GM was viewed as an alien or unnatural technology in Britain, while campaigns from Monsanto and scientific supporters of GM attempted to show how recombinant DNA technology was simply the latest step in a long history of plant breeding.
By moving outside the archive, it becomes clear that the creation of this narrative from continuity was a standard industry strategy. Appeals to the history of plant breeding was a strategy adopted by Monsanto well before the British GM controversy, while twentieth‐century food scares had already undermined public trust in government and industry.
Public concern over the naturalness of biotechnology remains. Meanwhile, contemporary advocates of gene editing have begun to make similar arguments to those deployed in the 1990s, highlighting the similarity of gene editing to natural variation and selection.
Mechanically Modulated Ferromagnetism and Critical Properties of Flexible Perovskite SrRuO3 Thin Film
Authors: Wang Jing , Fan Jiyu , Liu Fengguang , Zu Lin , Ma Chunlan , Zhang Lei , Rahman Azizur , Wang Caixia , Qian Fengjiao , Hu Dazhi , Zhu Yan , Yang Hao 
Published: June 2022

In an effort to explore new electronic devices with multiple functionalities, there are numerous studies of depositing perovskite oxides on flexible substrates to replace rigid silicon‐based wafer in device applications. In this study, the growth of pseudocubic SrRuO single‐crystal thin film on a transparent and flexible muscovite is established. The experimental results confirm that the Curie temperature T
C and the magnetic properties can be effectively tuned via the mechanical strain due to the facilitation of flexible substrate. It is found that the tensile strain increases while the compressive strain decreases the spontaneous magnetization for the thin film suffering the same ±0.24% strain. Based on the study of critical behavior, the critical exponents β
= 0.543(19) and γ
= 1.262(1) with the critical temperature T
C = 159.04(5) K and T
C = 159.10 K, respectively, are obtained by the modified Arrott plot. The set of critical exponents matches well with Widom scaling relation and the scaling equation, indicating these critical exponents are intrinsic for SrRuO3 thin films. Moreover, it is achieved that the SrRuO3 thin films exhibit a long‐range interaction coupled with 3D‐Heisenberg type.
Free N‐heterocyclic carbenes from Brønsted acidic ionic liquids: Direct detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Salvitti Chiara , Pepi Federico , Managò Marta , Bortolami Martina , Michenzi Cinzia , Chiarotto Isabella , Troiani Anna , de Petris Giulia 
Published: June 2022

RationaleThe occurrence of N‐heterocyclic carbenes in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids has long been discussed, but no spectroscopic evidence has been reported yet due to their transient nature. The insertion of an ionizable acid group into the cation scaffold of an ionic liquid which acts as a charge tag allows for the direct detection of free carbenes by mass spectrometry.MethodsThree different Brønsted acidic ionic liquids were synthesized: 1‐methyl‐3‐carboxymethylimidazolium chloride (MAICl), 1‐methyl‐3‐carboxymethylimidazolium acetate (MAIAc) and the corresponding 2‐(3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)acetate zwitterion (MAI − H). The speciation of these compounds was then analysed by electrospray ionization ion‐trap mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode.ResultsThe C2‐H deprotonation of the imidazolium cation leading to the formation of the corresponding carbene is highly affected by the basic properties of the counter‐anion. In the case of MAICl and MAI − H ionic liquids, no charged species corresponding to the free N‐heterocyclic carbene was detected. On the contrary, in the presence of a sufficiently basic anion, such as acetate of MAIAc ionic liquid, an intense signal related to the free carbenic species was observed without the addition of an external base.ConclusionsIn situ formation of free N‐heterocyclic carbenes from Brønsted acidic ionic liquids was demonstrated, highlighting the crucial role of anion basicity in promoting the C2‐H proton abstraction from imidazolium cations with a carboxylic side chain.
Rapid and flexible online desalting using Nafion‐coated melamine sponge for mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Li Chong , DeVor Amanda , Wang Jing , Valentine Stephen J. , Li Peng 
Published: June 2022

RationaleThe performance of mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is often affected by the presence of salt ions. To achieve optimal MS detection results, desalting is necessary for samples with high salt concentrations. We report a rapid, low‐cost and flexible online desalting method using Nafion‐coated sponge. This method is easy to perform and can be implemented to a wide range of customized fluidic systems.MethodsNafion‐coated melamine sponge was fabricated by soaking a glass tube containing a melamine sponge in Nafion solution and then drying overnight. The online desalting workflow is comprised of three major parts: (1) Syringe pump, which provides a continuous flow for the online fluid system; (2) Nafion sponge in a glass tube, where the online desalting of sample solution happens; (3) Capillary Vibrating Sharp‐Edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI), which is an ionization technique to ionize the desalted analytes.ResultsEffective online desalting of a 10 mM NaCl solution was demonstrated for a wide range of molecules including small molecules, peptides, DNAs, and proteins using a flow rate of 10 μL/min. By incorporating multiple pieces of the Nafion‐coated sponge, effective desalting for ubiquitin and cytochrome c (Cyt‐c) from physiological buffers, including phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and tris‐buffered saline (TBS), were also achieved. For molecules that are sensitive to low pH conditions after desalting, a R‐SO3NH4‐type Nafion‐coated sponge was fabricated. Desalting of ubiquitin, oligosaccharide, and DNA oligomers from 10 mM NaCl or 10 mM KCl solutions was demonstrated.ConclusionsFlexible, low‐cost, and efficient online desalting was achieved by the Nafion‐coated sponge. A variety of molecules ranging from small molecules, peptides, proteins to oligosaccharides and DNAs can be desalted for MS analysis. The desalting by Nafion sponge has great potential for desalting applications that require customized fluidic design and rapid analysis.
Addiction, present‐bias, and self‐restraint
Authors: Jin Lawrence , Kang Minwook 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the economic rationale for people to engage in self‐restraint. Specifically, we show that when a good is addictive and harmful, forward‐looking present‐biased consumers have an incentive to restrict their current consumption—below the level at which marginal utility of consumption equals marginal cost—in order to curb their future consumption of the harmful good. If the incentive is sufficiently strong, then present bias may encourage consumers to consume less of the addictive bad today. Finally, we show that a self‐restraint incentive can coexist with a sin tax on the addictive bad.
Changes in epigenetic features in legumes under abiotic stresses
Authors: Yung Wai‐Shing , Huang Cheng , Li Man‐Wah , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLegume crops are rich in nutritional value for human and livestock consumption. With global climate change, developing stress‐resilient crops is crucial for ensuring global food security. Because of their nitrogen‐fixing ability, legumes are also important for sustainable agriculture. Various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, and elevated temperatures, are known to adversely affect legume production. The responses of plants to abiotic stresses involve complicated cellular processes including stress hormone signaling, metabolic adjustments, and transcriptional regulations. Epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in regulating gene expressions at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Increasing evidence suggests the importance of epigenetic regulations of abiotic stress responses in legumes, and recent investigations have extended the scope to the epigenomic level using next‐generation sequencing technologies. In this review, the current knowledge on the involvement of epigenetic features, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, in abiotic stress responses in legumes is summarized and discussed. Since most of the available information focuses on a single aspect of these epigenetic features, integrative analyses involving omics data in multiple layers are needed for a better understanding of the dynamic chromatin statuses and their roles in transcriptional regulation. The inheritability of epigenetic modifications should also be assessed in future studies for their applications in improving stress tolerance in legumes through the stable epigenetic optimization of gene expressions.
Cost‐effectiveness of dementia training for caregivers in caregiver‐patient dyads: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Birkenhäger‐Gillesse Elizabeth G. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Janus Sarah I.M. , Zuidema Sytse U. , van den Hout Wilbert B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of the “More at Home with Dementia” intervention, a multicomponent training program for co‐residing caregivers of people with dementia (PwDs).MethodsWe performed a two‐armed randomized controlled trial with an intervention and a control group. Participants were community‐dwelling caregivers living with a person with dementia (59 randomized to intervention and 50 to control arm). The training program lasted 5 days and took place in a holiday accommodation. Quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were calculated using the EuroQol‐5 Dimensions 3 Levels (EQ‐5D‐3L) for caregivers and PwDs. Costs for informal and formal social care, as well as health care, were collected at four times over a 6‐month period from baseline. Information on nursing home admission or death was collected for 2 years after baseline.ResultsQALYs for caregivers and PwDs added together were 0.12 higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (P = .11). After 1 year, there tended to be fewer nursing home admissions in the intervention group, but this difference was lost by 2 years (P = .19). The cost of the intervention was estimated at €1000 (USD 1090) per dyad. Compared with the control group, the intervention group used other health care and formal social care significantly less for a year after baseline (P = .02 and .001, respectively). The estimated decrease in total costs was €10,437 (P = .07), with an estimated 96% probability that the intervention was cost‐effective vs usual care.DiscussionThe multicomponent “More at Home with Dementia” training program is effective and appears to save costs compared with usual care. Savings appear to be achieved by delaying nursing home admissions and by reducing the use of other care resources. Further research is also needed to clarify if this intervention is effective for caregivers who do not live with a PwD, such as adult children, and for the caregivers of patients with other debilitating chronic diseases. At the same time, effort is advised to implement caregiver training in standard care programs.
Spinal epidural and synovial lipomatosis in a 3‐year‐old Eurasian dog receiving sustained steroid therapy
Authors: Signoret Marion , Gros Lucile , Dumont Renaud , Dally Claire , Le Boedec Kevin , Cauzinille Laurent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis report describes a spinal cord epidural and synovial lipomatosis in a 3‐year‐old neutered male Eurasian dog. This dog presented for ambulatory paraparesis and was previously treated with immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone for 2 years. Computed tomography (CT) myelography and magnetic resonnance imaging (MRI) images identified dorsal compression of the thoraco‐lumbar spinal cord by hypertrophic epidural fat. Histological examination identified extensive well‐differentiated mature adipose tissue in the subepithelial area of the tarsal synovium. Prednisolone is a reported predisposing factor in humans with lipomatosis.
Reasons Why Crime and Safety in Rural Areas Matter
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter starts by listing 20 reasons why crime and safety in rural areas is a subject worth examining in its own right. We present reasons from common misconceptions of crime in rural areas to illustrations of how globalization and climate change link to crime and safety in areas on the rural-urban continuum, as well as how all these are associated with rural development and sustainability.
Introduction
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rise of civilization is synonymous with the creation of tools that extend the intellectual and physical reach of human beings [133]. The pinnacle of such endeavours is to replicate the flexible reasoning capacity of human intelligence within a machine, making it capable of performing useful work on command, despite the complexity and adversity of the real world. In order to achieve such Artificial Intelligence (AI), a new approach is required: traditional symbolic AI has long been known to be too rigid to model complex and noisy phenomena and the sample-driven approach of Deep Learning cannot scale to the long-tailed distributions of the real world. In this book, we describe a new approach for building a situated system that reflects upon its own reasoning and is capable of making decisions in light of its limited knowledge and resources. This reflective reasoning process addresses the vital safety issues that inevitably accompany open-ended reasoning: the system must perform its mission within a specifiable operational envelope.
Challenges for Deep Learning
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has emerged as the dominant branch of machine learning, becoming the state of the art for machine intelligence in various domains. As discussed in the previous chapter, this has led some researchers to believe that deep learning could hypothetically scale to achieve general intelligence. However, there is increasing consensus (e.g. [57, 210, 230]) that the techniques do not scale as well as was anticipated to harder problems. In particular, deep learning methods find their strength in automatically synthesizing distributed quantitative features from data. These features are useful insofar as they enable mostly reliable classification and regression, and in some limited cases also few- or zero-shot transfer to related tasks. However, it is increasingly questionable whether deep learning methods are appropriate for autonomous roles in environments that are not strongly constrained. While there are still countless use-cases for narrow artificial intelligence, many of the truly transformative use-cases can only be realized by general intelligence