bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of and subjective difficulties with social cognition in schizophrenia from an internet survey: Knowledge, clinical experiences, and awareness of association with social functioning
Authors: Uchino Takashi , Okubo Ryo , Takubo Youji , Aoki Akiko , Wada Izumi , Hashimoto Naoki , Ikezawa Satoru , Nemoto Takahiro 
Published: June 2022

AimSocial cognition impacts social functioning in schizophrenia; however, little is known about how patients with schizophrenia themselves perceive social cognition. This study, using an internet survey, aimed to investigate their knowledge of social cognition, clinical experiences related to social cognition, awareness of social cognition's role in one's social life, and the relationships between subjective difficulties with social cognition and social functioning.MethodsData from 232 outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 494 healthy controls (HC) were obtained through an internet survey and were weighted according to the demographics of the national population. A newly developed survey questionnaire on knowledge, experience, and awareness of social cognition was administered. Subjective difficulties were evaluated using the Self‐Assessment of Social Cognition Impairments and the Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale.ResultsLess than a quarter of both groups were familiar with the term or concept of social cognition. Less than 5% of both groups had experienced being assessed or treated for social cognition. More than half of both groups were aware of the relationship between social cognition and social functioning. The SZ group had higher levels of subjective difficulties than the HC group across all social cognitive domains. The attributional bias domain of subjective difficulties was negatively associated with social functioning.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia had substantial subjective difficulties in social cognition, which they perceived as being related to social functioning. However, their knowledge of social cognition was limited, and the assessment and treatment might not be widespread in regular clinical practice.
Outcomes of infants with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum listed for heart transplantation: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Joong Anna , Zuckerman Warren A. , Koehl Devin , Cantor Ryan , Alejos Juan C. , Ameduri Rebecca K. , Boyle Gerard J. , Rothkopf Amy C. , Kirklin James K. , Gajarski Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of infants with pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) is variable. Because of higher mortality in more severe forms, heart transplant (HT) is an acceptable approach, but waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes are unclear. This study compared outcomes of infants with PA/IVS vs. other single ventricle (SV) anatomies listed for HT.MethodsData from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (1993–2018) were analyzed for survival and risk factors for mortality.ResultsOf 1617 SV infants, 300 had PA/IVS (19%) and 1317 had other SV (81%). Overall, 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival was higher among PA/IVS (74%, 65%, 61%) versus other SV infants (62%, 54%, 50%, p = .004). While waitlist mortality was similar between groups (p = .09), PA/IVS was an independent predictor of improved waitlist survival (HR 0.68, p = .03), and PA/IVS infants had higher incidence of waitlist removal (8% vs. 5.5%, p = .03), most commonly for being “too well.” Post‐transplant survival was superior among PA/IVS versus other SV infants (1‐ and 5‐year survival 93% and 81% vs. 80% and 71%, p < .0001). Risk factors for PA/IVS waitlist mortality (2008–2018) included extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mechanical ventilation. Prior aortopulmonary (AP) shunt among PA/IVS infants was associated with improved waitlist survival.ConclusionsOverall survival among PA/IVS infants listed for HT exceeds that of other SV infants with PA/IVS identified as an independent predictor of improved waitlist and post‐transplant survival. Prior AP shunt among listed PA/IVS infants was associated with improved waitlist outcomes, though, which may reflect a listing selection bias.
Predicting organ functioning with and without blood transfusion in critically ill patients with anemia
Authors: Kranenburg Floris J. , Arbous Sesmu M. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Putter Hein , Cessie Saskia le , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo develop a model for the prediction of the (most likely) effect of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on subsequent organ functioning in nonbleeding critically ill patients with hemoglobin concentrations between 6 and 9 g/dL.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health care data of nonbleeding patients admitted between November 2004 and May 2016 at the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. We analyzed the associations between transfusion (yes/no) and next‐day SOFA scores (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment—as a measure for organ functioning) for all observed combinations of hemoglobin values (between 6 and 9 g/dL) and concurrent clinical variables.ResultsData of 6425 ICU admission of 5756 critically ill patients with 28,702 hemoglobin values between 6 and 9 g/dL (transfusion decision moments) of which 22.1% were followed by a transfusion were analyzed. The adjusted average difference between the next‐day SOFA score of transfused versus not‐transfused patients was 0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.03 to 0.18). At singular transfusion decision moments, the score predicted a beneficial effect of transfusion on next‐day SOFA score for some subgroups and medical conditions and a harmful effect in other occasions.ConclusionsAmong these critically ill patients with hemoglobin concentrations between 6 and 9 g/dL the population average effect of transfusion on the next SOFA score was negligible. Further, our results support caution in clinical decision‐making regarding transfusion of critical ill, nonbleeding ICU patients.
Multi‐institutional retrospective study of canine foot pad malignant melanomas: 20 cases
Authors: Jeon Mark D. , Leeper Haley J. , Cook Matthew R. , McMillan Sarah K. , Bennett Tristram , Murray Caroline A. , Tripp Chelsea D. , Curran Kaitlin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelanomas arising from the foot pad are a rare clinical entity in dogs. The biologic behaviour of foot pad malignant melanoma is not well understood, and these tumours are infrequently described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of primary canine foot pad melanoma in a larger cohort of patients. Eligible cases were solicited from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Oncology listserv for retrospective review. Included dogs had a cytologic and/or histologic diagnosis of foot pad melanoma evaluated by a board‐certified clinical or anatomic pathologist. Dogs with cutaneous, oral, digital, subungual or interdigital melanomas were excluded. A total of 20 cases were included. Eleven dogs received various adjuvant therapies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or the ONCEPT canine melanoma vaccine following surgery. At diagnosis, regional lymph node metastasis was observed in four dogs (20%). Seven dogs developed subsequent regional and/or distant metastasis for an overall metastatic rate of 55%. The progression‐free interval (PFI) was 101 days (range, 20–960 days). The median survival time (MST) was 240 days (range, 25–479 days). For dogs receiving adjuvant therapy, the MST was 159 days (range, 25–387 days). Canine foot pad melanoma is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit an aggressive behaviour.
Sex differences in the ventilatory responses to exercise in mild to moderate obesity
Authors: Bhammar Dharini M. , Balmain Bryce N. , Babb Tony G. , Bernhardt Vipa 
Published: June 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
What are the sex differences in ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with obesity?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Tidal volume and expiratory flows are lower in females when compared with males at higher levels of ventilation despite small increases in end‐expiratory lung volumes. Since dyspnoea on exertion is a frequent complaint, particularly in females with obesity, careful attention should be paid to unpleasant respiratory symptoms and mechanical ventilatory constraints while prescribing exercise.
AbstractObesity is associated with altered ventilatory responses, which may be exacerbated in females due to the functional consequences of sex‐related morphological differences in the respiratory system. This study examined sex differences in ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with obesity. Healthy adults with obesity (n = 73; 48 females) underwent pulmonary function testing, underwater weighing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a graded exercise test to exhaustion, and two constant work rate exercise tests; one at a fixed work rate (60 W for females and 105 W for males) and one at a relative intensity (50% of peak oxygen uptake, ). Metabolic, respiratory and perceptual responses were assessed during exercise. Compared with males, females used a smaller proportion of their ventilatory capacity at peak exercise (69.13 ± 14.49 vs. 77.41 ± 17.06% maximum voluntary ventilation, P = 0.0374). Females also utilized a smaller proportion of their forced vital capacity (FVC) at peak exercise (tidal volume: 48.51 ± 9.29 vs. 54.12 ± 10.43%FVC, P = 0.0218). End‐expiratory lung volumes were 2–4% higher in females compared with males during exercise (P < 0.05), while end‐inspiratory lung volumes were similar. Since the males were initiating inspiration from a lower lung volume, they experienced greater expiratory flow limitation during exercise. Ratings of perceived breathlessness during exercise were similar between females and males at comparable levels of ventilation. In summary, sex differences in the manifestations of obesity‐related mechanical ventilatory constraints were observed. Since dyspnoea on exertion is a common complaint in patients with obesity, particularly in females, exercise prescriptions should be tailored with the goal of minimizing unpleasant respiratory sensations.
Exertional heat stroke: an evidence based approach to clinical assessment and management
Authors: DeGroot David W. , O'Connor Francis G. , Roberts William O. 
Published: June 2022

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The treatment of exertional heat stress, from initial field care through the return‐to‐activity decision.
What advances does it highlight?
Clinical assessment during field care using AVPU and vital signs to gauge recovery, approaches to field cooling and end of active cooling, and shared clinical decision making for return to activity recommendations.
AbstractExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition characterized by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and body temperature often but not always >40°C that occurs in the context of physical work in warm or hot environments. In this paper, we review the continuum of care, from initial recognition and field care to transport and hospital care, and finally return‐to‐duty considerations. Morbidity and mortality can be greatly reduced if not eliminated with prompt recognition and aggressive cooling. If medical personnel are not present at point of collapse during or immediately following exercise, EHS should be the presumptive diagnosis until a formal diagnosis can be determined by qualified medical staff. EHS is a rare medical situation where initial treatment (cooling) takes precedence over transport to a medical facility, where advanced medical care may be required for severe EHS casualties. Recovery from EHS and return to activity is usually straightforward and unremarkable provided the casualty is rapidly cooled at time of collapse and adequate time is allowed for body healing. However, evidence‐based data to guide return to activity following EHS are limited. Current research suggests that most individuals recover completely within a few weeks though some individuals may suffer prolonged sequalae and additional evaluation may be warranted, including heat tolerance testing (HTT). Several aspects of the care of the EHS casualty are based on best practices derived from personal experience and continued research is necessary to optimize evaluation and management.
Correlation networks of spinal motor neurons that innervate lower limb muscles during a multi‐joint isometric task
Authors: Hug François , Avrillon Simon , Sarcher Aurélie , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Farina Dario 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMovements are reportedly controlled through the combination of synergies that generate specific motor outputs by imposing an activation pattern on a group of muscles. To date, the smallest unit of analysis of these synergies has been the muscle through the measurement of its activation. However, the muscle is not the lowest neural level of movement control. In this human study (n = 10), we used a purely data‐driven method grounded on graph theory to extract networks of motor neurons based on their correlated activity during an isometric multi‐joint task. Specifically, high‐density surface electromyography recordings from six lower limb muscles were decomposed into motor neurons spiking activity. We analysed these activities by identifying their common low‐frequency components, from which networks of correlated activity to the motor neurons were derived and interpreted as networks of common synaptic inputs. The vast majority of the identified motor neurons shared common inputs with other motor neuron(s). In addition, groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. Conversely, some motor neurons from different muscles‐including distant muscles‐received common inputs. The study supports the theory that movements are produced through the control of small numbers of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy. We provide a new neural framework for a deeper understanding of the structure of common inputs to motor neurons.
imageKey points
A central and unresolved question is how spinal motor neurons are controlled to generate movement.
We decoded the spiking activities of dozens of spinal motor neurons innervating six muscles during a multi‐joint task, and we used a purely data‐driven method grounded on graph theory to extract networks of motor neurons based on their correlated activity (considered as common input).
The vast majority of the identified motor neurons shared common inputs with other motor neuron(s).
Groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. Conversely, some motor neurons from different muscles, including distant muscles, received common inputs.
The study supports the theory that movement is produced through the control of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy.
CKAMP44 controls synaptic function and strength of relay neurons during early development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Hetsch Florian , Wang Danni , Chen Xufeng , Zhang Jiong , Aslam Muhammad , Kegel Marcel , Tonner Henrik , Grus Franz , von Engelhardt Jakob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRelay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) receive inputs from retinal ganglion cells via retinogeniculate synapses. These connections undergo pruning in the first 2 weeks after eye opening. The remaining connections are strengthened several‐fold by the insertion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) into weak or silent synapses. In this study, we found that the AMPAR auxiliary subunit CKAMP44 is required for receptor insertion and function of retinogeniculate synapses during development. Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 resulted in decreased synaptic strength and a higher number of silent synapses in young (P9–11) mice. Recovery from desensitisation of AMPARs was faster in CKAMP44 knockout (CKAMP44–/–) than in wild‐type mice. Moreover, loss of CKAMP44 increased the probability of inducing plateau potentials, which are known to be important for eye‐specific input segregation and retinogeniculate synapse maturation. The anatomy of relay neurons in the dLGN was changed in young CKAMP44–/– mice showing a transient increase in dendritic branching that normalised during later development (P26–33). Interestingly, input segregation in young CKAMP44–/– mice was not affected when compared to wild‐type mice. These results demonstrate that CKAMP44 promotes maturation and modulates function of retinogeniculate synapses during early development of the visual system without affecting input segregation.
imageKey points
Expression of CKAMP44 starts early during development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and remains stable in relay neurons and interneurons.
Genetic deletion of CKAMP44 decreases synaptic strength and increases silent synapse number in dLGN relay neurons; increases the rate of recovery from desensitisation of AMPA receptors in dLGN relay neurons; and reduces synaptic short‐term depression in retinogeniculate synapses.
The probability of inducing plateau potentials is elevated in relay neurons of CKAMP44–/– mice.
Eye‐specific input segregation is unaffected in the dLGN of CKAMP44–/– mice.
Deletion of CKAMP44 mildly affects dendritic arborisation of relay neurons in the dLGN.
Heksor: the central nervous system substrate of an adaptive behaviour
Authors: Wolpaw Jonathan R. , Kamesar Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past half‐century, the largely hardwired central nervous system (CNS) of 1970 has become the ubiquitously plastic CNS of today, in which change is the rule not the exception. This transformation complicates a central question in neuroscience: how are adaptive behaviours – behaviours that serve the needs of the individual – acquired and maintained through life? It poses a more basic question: how do many adaptive behaviours share the ubiquitously plastic CNS? This question compels neuroscience to adopt a new paradigm. The core of this paradigm is a CNS entity with unique properties, here given the nameheksorfrom the Greekhexis. A heksor is a distributed network of neurons and synapses that changes itself as needed to maintain the key features of an adaptive behaviour, the features that make the behaviour satisfactory. Through their concurrent changes, the numerous heksors that share the CNS negotiate the properties of the neurons and synapses that they all use. Heksors keep the CNS in a state ofnegotiated equilibriumthat enables each heksor to maintain the key features of its behaviour. The new paradigm based on heksors and the negotiated equilibrium they create is supported by animal and human studies of interactions among new and old adaptive behaviours, explains otherwise inexplicable results, and underlies promising new approaches to restoring behaviours impaired by injury or disease. Furthermore, the paradigm offers new and potentially important answers to extant questions, such as the generation and function of spontaneous neuronal activity, the aetiology of muscle synergies, and the control of homeostatic plasticity.image
A Mechanical Model for Elastic Wave Propagation in Nacre-Like Materials With Brick-and-Mortar Microstructures
Authors: Lu Yang , Huang Gan-Yun , Wang Yan-Feng , Wang Yue-Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many biological materials have outstanding properties unparalleled by artificial materials because of their periodic and/or hierarchical structures. In this paper, the longitudinal elastic wave propagation in nacre-like materials with brick-and-mortar microstructures has been studied theoretically by taking the different deformation mechanisms into account. A viscoelastic model in relation to the sacrificial bond behavior for the organic matrix has been developed. The shear-lag model is adopted to simulate the deformation of the brick-mortar structure. Complex band structures have been analyzed and the mechanical model has been validated by finite element method. Results have shown that bandgaps with lower edge close to vanishing frequency may arise in such bio-inspired periodic structures and attenuated propagation of elastic waves may be dominant in the range of higher frequencies. It may cast light on the dynamic strengthening mechanisms in nacre-like materials and provide a scientific basis for the design of bio-inspired metamaterials with low-frequency bandgaps.
Digital Twin-Driven Sheet Metal Forming: Modeling and Application for Stamping Considering Mold Wear
Authors: Gan Lei , Li Lei , Huang Haihong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Existing various constructed models of stamping provide great support to develop the forming quality improvement and energy-saving strategies. However, the immutable model cannot reflect the actual states of the process as the wear of the mold goes, and the inaccuracy model will lead to the failure of the strategies. To solve this problem, a Digital Twin-driven modeling method considering mold wear for stamping was proposed in this paper. The model of punch force and forming quality considering the coefficients that will vary with the states of mold wear was first built in the virtual space. The real-time punch force was acquired and inputted to the virtual space, and it was then compared with the punch force obtained by the Digital Twin model for monitoring the mold wear. If the difference of punch force is greater than the threshold, the friction coefficients update starts via the Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Evolution (PSO-DE) algorithm. To validate the effectiveness, the method was applied in the process to form a clutch shell, and the results show that the maximum deviation of the punch force between the updated Digital Twin model and the measured value does not exceed 5%. Optimization results in the application show a 14.35% reduction in the maximum thinning ratio of the stamping part and an 8.9% reduction in the process energy. The Digital Twin-driven modeling assists in quality improvement and energy consumption reduction in sheet metal forming.
Design of Digital Twin Sensing Strategies Via Predictive Modeling and Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Kapteyn Michael G. , Willcox Karen E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work develops a methodology for sensor placement and dynamic sensor scheduling decisions for digital twins. The digital twin data assimilation is posed as a classification problem, and predictive models are used to train optimal classification trees that represent the map from observed data to estimated digital twin states. In addition to providing a rapid digital twin updating capability, the resulting classification trees yield an interpretable mathematical representation that can be queried to inform sensor placement and sensor scheduling decisions. The proposed approach is demonstrated for a structural digital twin of a 12 ft wingspan unmanned aerial vehicle. Offline, training data are generated by simulating scenarios using predictive reduced-order models of the vehicle in a range of structural states. These training data can be further augmented using experimental or other historical data. In operation, the trained classifier is applied to observational data from the physical vehicle, enabling rapid adaptation of the digital twin in response to changes in structural health. Within this context, we study the performance of the optimal tree classifiers and demonstrate how they enable explainable structural assessments from sparse sensor measurements and also inform optimal sensor placement.