bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria from crossbred cattle in Sirajganj and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Jakir , Raut Sanjana , Singh Rahul Pratap , Mishra Pravin , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Dey Anita Rani , Kabir Ajran , Anisuzzaman  , Talukder Md. Hasanuzzaman , Shahiduzzaman Md. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBabesia and Theileria are potential threats to the livestock industry, causing considerable economic losses. These tick‐borne blood parasites are more prevalent in crossbred cattle than local cattle in Bangladesh.ObjectivesTo confirm the species of Babesia and Theileria in crossbred cattle from the northern part of Bangladesh using conventional and molecular tools.MethodsA total of 385 crossbred cattle blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR. For molecular detection, B. bigemina rhoptry‐associated protein 1a, B. bovis spherical body protein‐4, and Theileria spp. 18S rRNA were used as the marker genes.ResultsUsing PCR, only 72 (18.7%) samples were found piroplasm positive, of which 12.2% Theileria, 4.7% Babesia, and 1.8% mixed infections. Both Babesia (7.3%), Theileria (7.7%) and mixed (2.8%) infections were detected in Sirajganj, and only Theileria (20.4%) was detected in Rangpur district. By PCR and nPCR we detected B. bigemina and T. annulata in Sirajganj district, and Theileria sp. in Rangpur district. The target gene sequences of isolated pathogens confirmed B. bigemina and T. annulata, and Theileria sp from these samples. Blood smears of all samples were also examined microscopically for Babesia and/or Theileria spp. and 14.3% of samples were found positive, of which 5.9% Babesia and 8.3% Theileria. Generally, the pathogens detected in Sirajgang and Rangpur were genetically related to South Asia, particularly South East Asian isolates.ConclusionsThese findings provide information for a better understanding of the epidemiology of Babesia and Theileria as well as to improve the approaches for diagnosis and control of tick‐borne diseases in Bangladesh.
Gastrointestinal consequences of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation
Authors: McQuade Rachel M. , Bandara Methma , Diwakarla Shanti , Sahakian Lauren , Han Myat Noe , Al Thaalibi Maryam , Di Natale Madeleine R. , Tan Marsha , Harwood Kiera H. , Schneider-Futschik Elena K. , Jarnicki Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Respiratory inflammation is the body’s response to lung infection, trauma or hypersensitivity and is often accompanied by comorbidities, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Why respiratory inflammation is accompanied by GI dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation on intestinal barrier integrity, tight-junctions, enteric neurons and inflammatory marker expression.

Methods
Female C57bl/6 mice (6–8 weeks) were intratracheally administered LPS (5 µg) or sterile saline, and assessed after either 24 or 72 h. Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to evaluate lung inflammation. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed via cross sectional immunohistochemistry of tight junction markers claudin-1, claudin-4 and EpCAM. Changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and inflammation in the intestine were quantified immunohistochemically using neuronal markers Hu + and nNOS, glial markers GFAP and S100β and pan leukocyte marker CD45.

Results
Intratracheal LPS significantly increased the number of neutrophils in BALF at 24 and 72 h. These changes were associated with an increase in CD45 + cells in the ileal mucosa at 24 and 72 h, increased goblet cell expression at 24 h, and increased expression of EpCAM at 72 h. LPS had no effect on the expression of GFAP, S100β, nor the number of Hu + neurons or proportion of nNOS neurons in the myenteric plexus.

Conclusions
Intratracheal LPS administration induces inflammation in the ileum that is associated with enhanced expression of EpCAM, decreased claudin-4 expression and increased goblet cell density, these changes may contribute to systemic inflammation that is known to accompany many inflammatory diseases of the lung.
Left atrial strain correlates with severity of cardiac involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease
Authors: Halfmann Moritz C. , Altmann Sebastian , Schoepf U. Joseph , Reichardt Constantin , Hennermann Julia B. , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich , Kloeckner Roman , Hahn Felix , Dueber Christoph , Varga-Szemes Akos , Kampmann Christoph , Emrich Tilman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Cardiac involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) results in myocardial lipid depositions. An early diagnosis can maximize therapeutic benefit. Thus, this study aims to investigate the potential of cardiac MRI (CMR) based parameters of left atrial (LA) function and strain to detect early stages of AFD.

Methods
Patients (n = 58, age 40 (29–51) years, 31 female) with genetically proven AFD had undergone CMR including left ventricular (LV) volumetry, mass index (LVMi), T1, and late gadolinium enhancement, complemented by LA and LV strain measurements and atrial emptying fractions. Patients were stratified into three disease phases and compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 58, age 41 [26–56] years, 31 female).

Results
A total of 19 early-, 20 intermediate-, and 19 advanced-phase patients were included. LV and LA reservoir strain was significantly impaired in all AFD phases, including early disease (both p < 0.001). In contrast, LA volumetry, T1, and LVMi showed no significant differences between the early phase and HC (p > 0.05). In the intermediate phase, LVMi and T1 demonstrated significant differences. In advanced phase, all parameters except active emptying fractions differed significantly from HC. ROC curve analyses of early disease phases revealed superior diagnostic confidence for the LA reservoir strain (AUC 0.88, sensitivity 89%, specificity 75%) over the LV strain (AUC 0.82).

Conclusions
LA reservoir strain showed impairment in early AFD and significantly correlated with disease severity. The novel approach performed better in identifying early disease than the established approach using LVMi and T1. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these results justify earlier initiation of therapy and help minimize cardiac complications.

Key Points
• Parameters of left atrial function and deformation showed impairments in the early stages of Anderson-Fabry disease and correlated significantly with the severity of Anderson-Fabry disease.
• Left atrial reservoir strain performed superior to ventricular strain in detecting early myocardial involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease and improved diagnostic accuracies of approaches already using ventricular strain.
• Further studies are needed to evaluate whether earlier initiation of enzyme replacement therapy based on these results can help minimize cardiac complications from Anderson-Fabry disease.
Risk factors for neurocognitive impairment and the relation with structural brain abnormality in children and young adults with severe chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lijdsman Sophie , Oostrom Kim J. , van Sandwijk Marit S. , Bouts Antonia H. , van Hoeck Koen , de Jong Huib , Oosterlaan Jaap , Bemelman Frederike J. , Königs Marsh , Groothoff Jaap W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and young adults has shown to be associated with abnormal brain development, which may contribute to neurocognitive impairments. We aimed to investigate risk factors for neurocognitive impairment and investigate the relation with structural brain abnormalities in young severe CKD patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional study includes 28 patients with severe CKD (eGFR < 30), aged 8–30 years (median 18.5 years), on different treatment modalities (pre-dialysis [n = 8], dialysis [n = 8], transplanted [n = 12]). We assessed neurocognitive functioning using a comprehensive test battery and brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging metrics of brain volume and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD] measured with diffusion tensor imaging). Multivariate regression and mediation analyses were performed between clinical CKD parameters, brain structure, and neurocognitive outcome.

Results
A combination of risk factors (e.g., longer time since kidney transplantation, longer dialysis duration and late CKD onset) was significantly associated with lower intelligence and/or worse processing speed and working memory. Lower FA in a cluster of white matter tracts was associated with lower intelligence and mediated the relation between clinical risk factors and lower intelligence.

Conclusions
Young severe CKD patients with a prolonged duration of kidney replacement therapy, either dialysis or transplantation are at particular risk for impairments in intelligence, processing speed, and working memory. Disrupted white matter integrity may importantly contribute to these neurocognitive impairments. Prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in CKD and treatment that affect white matter integrity and neurocognitive outcome in young patients.

Graphical abstract
The socio-economic impact of renewable electricity generation with prosumer activity
Authors: Kettner Claudia , Kratena Kurt , Sommer Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement, a rapid and far-reaching phase-out of fossil fuels is required. Against this background, Austria aims to cover 100% of its electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030. To meet this target in a standard scenario of final electricity demand, renewable electricity generation needs to be expanded by 27 TWh compared to 2019 (11 TWh PV, 10 TWh wind power, 5 TWh hydropower, and 1 TWh biomass). With respect to the ambitious expansion target for PV, the contribution of households, i.e., prosumers, will be of crucial importance.Depending on their background (most notably, type of building, income), the ability of different household groups to participate in the electricity market as prosumers—and hence, the possible distributive impacts of the electricity transformation—will vary substantially. Prosumers reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid and can thereby realize cost savings, increasing their consumption opportunities for other (non-energy) goods.This paper investigates the economic and distributive impact of increasing household PV electricity generation in Austria until 2030. For this purpose, the household module of the macroeconomic model DYNK is expanded, differentiating the degree to which households engage in “prosumer” activities. A set of PV support policy scenarios is then defined to simulate the increase in the number of prosumers as well as the distributive impacts on the different household types and the macroeconomic impacts with the expanded model. The simulation results show a small but positive effect of increased investment in residential photovoltaic systems on the GDP. With respect to the distributive effects, the design of the support scheme is essential. Targeting support for low-income households also has positive impacts on GDP growth.
Value of a web-based pediatric drug information system to prevent serious adverse drug reactions in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Kulpok Christine , Taurines Regina , Egberts Karin , Geissler Julia , Gerlach Manfred , Malonga Makosi Dorothée , König Jochem , Urschitz Michael S. , Toni Irmgard , Neubert Antje , Romanos Marcel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsychotropic drugs are frequently prescribed ‘off-label’ to children and adolescents and carry the risk of serious adverse drug reactions (sADR). We examined the frequency of sADRs of psychotropic drugs in pediatric inpatients and explored their potential preventability through following the recommendations of a web-based pediatric drug information system (PDIS). The potential socio-economic impacts of using this online system is also addressed. Routine clinical data from all inpatients treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry department between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively examined for the occurrence of sADRs as defined by the European Medicines Agency. The preventability of the sADRs was assessed based on the information of the PDIS. Furthermore, the expected prolongation of the hospital stay due to sADRs was calculated as well as the associated treatment costs. The study was supported by the Innovation Fund of the Joint Federal Committee, grant number 01NVF16021. In total, 1036 patients were screened of whom 658 (63.5%) received psychopharmacological treatment. In 53 (8.1%) of these patients 54 sADRs were documented, of which 37 sADRs were identified as potentially preventable through PDIS. Mitigating sADR through PDIS would likely have prevented prolonged hospital stays and conferred considerable savings for health insurance companies. PDIS provides systematic and evidence-based information about pediatric psychopharmacotherapy and helps to prevent prescribing errors. Therefore, PDIS is a useful tool to increase drug therapy safety in child and adolescent psychiatry. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Use of telemedicine in the postoperative assessment of proctological patients: a case–control study
Authors: Gaj F. , Peracchini M. , Passannanti D. , Quaresima S. , Giovanardi F. , Lai Q. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Telemedicine is emerging as an easy way to communicate between patients and surgeons. Use of telemedicine increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. WhatsApp is one of the most common smartphone applications for user-friendly telemedicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient perception of health quality and positive outcomes using a diary sent by the patient to the surgeon via WhatsApp during the first post-discharge week after proctologic surgery.

Methods
Ninety-eight patients discharged after proctologic surgery at the Israelite Hospital of Rome and the AOU Policlinico Umberto I of Rome in 1 January–31 December 2019 were divided into two groups: the WhatsApp group (group A), (n = 36) and the no WhatsApp group (group B) (n = 62). Group A patients received a protocol to follow for the day-by-day diary during the first post-discharge week and sending it by WhatsApp to the surgeon. Group B patients only received recommendations at discharge. The tool's usefulness was assessed by a questionnaire one month after the intervention.

Results
The two groups were homogeneous for age, sex, schooling, employment, and proctologic pathology. Group A patients had less difficulty keeping a diary (p < 0.0001). Group A patients had the perception of better follow-up post-discharge (p = 0.002). The use of the diary sent by WhatsApp significantly improved the perception of positive post-intervention outcomes (p = 0.007). WhatsApp was the only independent predictor of perception of post-surgical positive outcomes (odds ratio = 4.06; 95% CI 1.35–12.24; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The use of WhatsApp in the post-discharge period improves the lifestyle quality of the patients and their perception of the safety and quality of care received.
Deep and shallow fast embedded capsule networks: going faster with capsules
Authors: Abo-Zahhad Mohammed , Eldifrawi Islam , Abdelwahab Moataz , El-Malek Ahmed H. Abd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCapsule Networks (CapsNets) is a great approach for understanding data in the field of computer vision. CapsNets allow a deeper understanding of images compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks. The first test for CapsNet was in digits recognition on the ‘MNIST’ dataset, where it successfully achieved high accuracy. CapsNets are reliable at deciphering overlapping digits. Deep Capsule Networks achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in CIFAR10 which isn’t achieved by shallow capsule networks. Despite all these accomplishments, Deep Capsule Networks are very slow due to the ‘Dynamic Routing’ algorithm. In this paper, Fast Embedded Capsule Network and Deep Fast Embedded Capsule Network are introduced, representing novel capsule network architectures that uses 1D convolution based dynamic routing with a fast element-wise multiplication transformation process. These architectures not only compete with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy in the capsule domain, but also excels in terms of speed, and reduced complexity. This is shown by the 58% reduction in the number of trainable parameters and 64% reduction in the average epoch time in the training process. Experimental results shows excellent and verified properties.
Analysing cross-cutting competencies learning in an online entrepreneurship context
Authors: Marzo-Navarro Mercedes , Berné-Manero Carmen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch in teaching innovation encourages leveraging the evolution of digital technologies from using the device to learning with the device, which means a change from using information and communicational technologies to learning and knowledge technologies. Nevertheless, although the feasibility of implementing active and interactive methodologies to improve education is widely recognised, more research is needed to obtain evidence on the subjects and contents with the most significant potential for success. In addition, the most recent literature claims greater attention to the improvement of transversal skills, as they are critical in the student’s professional future. Thus, the main objective of this study is to contribute to the development of immersive learning aimed at improving the cross-cutting skills of university students. Developing a teaching activity where the student acts as an entrepreneur in electronic distribution channels faces the research question. The student-company-university collaboration is the basis for enhancing the transversal skills of the Degree in Marketing and Market Research at the University of Zaragoza (Spain). The student participates in each step of the program as an active agent. The teacher tutors the work teams in each process step, and the Palbin Company provides the necessary technical support. The students give the information to analyse the success of the experience through two surveys -pre and post-workshop, following the methodology used in previous literature. While the activity planning is complex, the students show an excellent mood during the experience. The comparison between expectations and performance offers significant success from the student’s point of view. As a result, the student improves cross-cutting competencies and gains confidence, satisfaction with their learning at university, and professional experience.
Evaluation of a Wearable in-Ear Sensor for Temperature and Heart Rate Monitoring: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ellebrecht David Benjamin , Gola Damian , Kaschwich Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearable sensors are important for early detection of critical illness especially in COVID-19 outpatients. We sought to determine in this pilot study whether a wearable in-ear sensor for continuous body temperature and heart rate monitoring (Cosinuss company, Munich) is sufficiently accurate for body temperature and heart rate monitoring. Comparing with several anesthesiologic standard of care monitoring devices (urinary bladder and zero-heat flux thermometer and ECG), we evaluated the in-ear sensor during non-cardiac surgery (German Clinical Trials Register Reg.-No: DRKS00012848). Limits of Agreement (LoA) based on Bland–Altman analysis were used to study the agreement between the in-ear sensor and the reference methods. The estimated LoA of the Cosinuss One and bladder temperature monitoring were [-0.79, 0.49] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.03, -0.65] (lower LoA) and [0.35, 0.73] (upper LoA)), and [-0.78, 0.34] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.18, -0.59] (lower LoA) and [0.16, 0.74] (upper LoA)) of the Cosinuss One and zero-heat flux temperature monitoring. 89% and 79% of Cosinuss One temperature monitoring were within ± 0.5 °C limit of bladder and zero-heat flux monitoring, respectively. The estimated LoA of Cosinuss One and ECG heart rate monitoring were [-4.81, 4.27] BPM (95% confidence intervals [-5.09, -4.56] (lower LoA) and [4.01, 4.54] (upper LoA)). The proportion of detection differences within ± 2BPM was 84%. Body temperature and heart rate were reliably measured by the wearable in-ear sensor.
Glutamine increases stability of TPH1 mRNA via p38 mitogen-activated kinase in mouse mastocytoma cells
Authors: Park Heeyoung , Lee Chang-Wook , Kang Jieun , Sadra Ali , Huh Sung-Oh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExpression changes for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, by environmental glutamine (GLN) were examined in mouse mastocytoma-derived P815-HTR cells. GLN-treated cells exhibited a robust increase in TPH1 mRNA after a 6 h exposure to GLN. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine-utilizing glutaminase inhibitor, significantly inhibited the GLN-induction of TPH1 mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays and mRNA decay experiments demonstrated that the primary mechanism leading to increased TPH1 mRNA levels was not due to transcriptional changes, but rather due to increased TPH1 RNA stability induced by GLN. Treatment with GLN also led to activation of p38 MAP kinase, but not p42/44 MAPK. In addition, SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase specific inhibitor, completely abolished the GLN-mediated increase of TPH1 mRNA levels, suggesting the pathway stabilizing TPH1 mRNA might be mediated by the activated p38 MAP kinase pathway. Additionally, SB203580 significantly reduced the stability of TPH1 mRNA, and this reduction of the stability was not affected by GLN in the culture medium, implying a sequential signaling from GLN being mediated by p38 MAP kinase, resulting in alteration of TPH1 mRNA stability. TPH1 mRNA stability loss was also dependent on de novo protein synthesis as shown by treatment of cells with a transcriptional/translational blocker. We provide evidence that TPH1 mRNA levels are increased in response to increased exogenous GLN in mouse mastocytoma cells via a stabilization of TPH1 mRNA due to the activity of the p38 MAP kinase.
Euclidean spacetime functionalism
Authors: Read James , Cheng Bryan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe explore the significance of physical theories set in Euclidean spacetimes (i.e., theories with Riemannian rather than pseudo-Riemannian metrical structure). In particular, we explore (a) the use of these theories in contemporary physics at large, and (b) the sense in which there can be a notion of temporal evolution in these theories. Having achieved these tasks, we proceed to reflect on the lessons that one can take from such theories for Knox’s ‘inertial frame’ version of spacetime functionalism, which seems (on the face of it) to issue incorrect verdicts in the case of theories with Euclidean metrical structure.