bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lesion-derived brain network for emotion regulation
Authors: Jiang Jing , Ferguson Michael , Grafman Jordan , Cohen Alexander , Fox Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Emotion regulation has been linked to specific brain networks based on functional neuroimaging. We found that damage to these networks was associated with emotion regulation impairment in patients following focal brain injury (n = 167). Next, we used this lesion dataset to derive a de novo brain network for emotion regulation, which was defined by functional connectivity to the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Finally, we used an independent lesion database (n = 629) to test whether damage to this lesion-derived network would increase the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with emotion regulation impairment. We found that lesions causing mania, criminality, and depression intersected this network more than lesions causing other disorders. We conclude that emotion regulation maps to a connected brain network centered on the left vlPFC. Damage to this network impairs emotion regulation and may increase the risk of specific neuropsychiatric disorders.
Desensitizing Toothpastes for Dentin Sealing and Tertiary Dentin Formation in Vitro and in Vivo: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lee Juhyun , Hwang Geumbit , Gug Hye Ri , Lee Ji-Hyun , Park Su-Jin , Park Joo-Cheol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Dentin hypersensitivity is a painful response to external stimuli applied to exposed dentinal tubules. Various toothpastes with active desensitizing ingredients for the relief of dentin hypersensitivity are commercially available. However, data from several studies suggest that the effects of desensitizing toothpastes are unstable and brief. This study aimed to investigate the desensitizing effect of toothpastes containing CPNE7-derived oligopeptide (CPNE7-DP) and other active desensitizing ingredients.
Methods
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we evaluated the patency of dentinal tubules on the surface of human dentin disks after brushing experiments with the various toothpastes. Dentin was histologically evaluated in a hypersensitivity model of canine teeth, after the exposed dentin area was brushed for 6 weeks. The toothpaste used in group 1 (control) did not contain any desensitizing ingredients; that used in group 2 contained CPNE7-DP; Colgate Sensitive was used in group 3; and Sensodyne Rapid Relief was used in group 4. Finally, we conducted microleakage analysis to investigate the dentin sealing effect.
Results
In the SEM images, all four groups of teeth exhibited partial occlusion of the dentinal tubules on the tooth surface. In the in vivo hypersensitivity model, group 2 exhibited a newly formed tertiary dentin, whereas no new hard tissue formation was observed in groups 1, 3, and 4. Microleakage analysis revealed that the volume of dentinal fluid flow was definitely smaller in group 2 than in the other groups.
Conclusions
Although teeth brushed with CPNE7-DP-containing toothpaste showed partial occlusion of dentinal tubules in vitro, it induced new tertiary dentin formation with a tubular structure in the dogs’ teeth, resulting in low microleakage. These results indicate that CPNE7-DP is a promising active ingredient for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
Swift Formation Of Optimal Single Spheroids Towards In-Vitro 3-Dimensional Tumour Models
Authors: Habra Kinana , Pearson Joshua R.D. , McArdle Stéphanie E. B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Monolayer cell cultures, while useful for basic in vitro studies, are not physiologically relevant. Spheroids, on the other hand provide a more complex 3-dimensional (3D) structure which more closely resemble in vivo tumour growth thereby allowing results obtained with spheroids relating to proliferation, cell death, differentiation, metabolism, and various anti-tumour therapies to be more predictive of in vivo outcomes. Methods: The protocol herein presents a rapid and high throughput method for the generation of single spheroids whose applicability was demonstrated on various cancer cell lines including (U87 MG; SEBTA-027; SF188) brain cancer cells, (DU-145, TRAMP-C1) prostate cancer cells, and (BT-549, Py230) breast cancer in green coded 96-round bottom well plates. Results: Homogeneous compact spheroid morphology was evidenced as early as 24 hours after following the protocol. By using confocal microscopy and IncuCyte live imaging, the proliferating cells were traced in the rim and the dead cells were found inside the core region of the spheroid. H&E staining of spheroid slices and Western blotting were utilised to investigate the tightness of the cell packaging by adhesion proteins. Carnosine was used as an example of treatment for U87 single spheroids. Conclusions: This 5 step-protocol allows the rapid generation of spheroids, which will help towards reducing the number of tests performed on animals and encourage 3D modelling experiments from early-stage research.
The Current Status of the Construction of Geriatric Departments at Secondary and Tertiary General Hospitals in Guangxi, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Biaojin , Li Xiaodong , Zhao Huihan , Ling Ying , Gan Xiao , Lyu Ziwen , Wei Yan , Tan Jingwen , Huang Huiqiao , Ying Yanping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To actively respond to the aging society challenges, the number of geriatric departments (GDs) at China's secondary and tertiary general hospitals (STGHs) is increasing rapidly. This study aims to introduce the current status of the construction of GDs at STGHs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, assessing what needs to be done in the future.
Methods
250 STGHs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China was investigated. Using a self-designed questionnaire to collect information through the basic information of hospitals, department settings, medical staff structure, and patient admission rate aspects. Finally, a total of 196 hospitals were analyzed and reported descriptive.
Results
About 98 GDs have been established, which were composed of four models: independent organizational system, combined department, separate outpatient service, and special cases. In these geriatrics, there were 2172 beds in tertiary general hospitals (TGHs) respectively in total, whereas 548 beds in secondary general hospitals (SGHs) totally. The structure of some GDs was incomplete, and the equipment for elderly was inadequate. The number of patient admission in TGHs in the last 3 years was more than 20 times higher than those in SGHs. The two-way referral channel was low efficiency.
Conclusions
After the rapid growth of China’s GDs, now, there are some deficiencies in the quality of the construction, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, the talent system, services providing aspects. Standardized management, overall structure, talent system construction, rehabilitation and nursing service are further direction of China’s GDs in the future.
Association between fatty liver disease markers and physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Julian Valérie , Bergsten Peter , Ennequin Gael , Forslund Anders , Ahlstrom Hakan , Ciba Iris , Dahlbom Marie , Furthner Dieter , Gomahr Julian , Kullberg Joel , Maruszczak Katharina , Morwald Katharina , Olsson Roger , Pixner Thomas , Schneider Anna , Pereira Bruno , Ring-Dimitriou Susanne , Thivel David , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare patterns of sedentary (SED) time (more sedentary, SED+ vs less sedentary, SED-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA+ vs less active, MVPA-) and combinations of behaviors (SED-/MVPA+, SED-/MVPA-, SED+/MVPA+, SED+/MVPA-) regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) markers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 134 subjects (13.4±2.2yrs, body mass index (BMI) 98.9±0.7 percentile, 48.5% females) who underwent 24h/7day accelerometry, anthropometric and biochemical markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), AST/ALT and Fatty Liver Index (FLI)). A subgroup of 39 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging-liver fat content (MRI-LFC).Results: Hepatic health was better in SED- [lower ALT, GGT and MRI-LFC (p<0.05), higher AST/ALT (p<0.01)] vs SED+ and in MVPA+ [lower ALT (p<0.05) and FLI (p=0.001), higher AST/ALT (p<0.01)] vs MVPA- groups after adjustment for age, gender and Tanner stages. SED-/MVPA+ group had the best hepatic health. SED-/MVPA- group had lower ALT and GGT and higher AST/ALT (p<0.05) in comparison with SED+/MVPA+ group independently of BMI. SED time was positively associated with biochemical (high ALT, low AST/ALT ratio) and imaging (high MRI-LFC) markers independently of MVPA. MVPA time was associated with biochemical markers (low ALT, FLI, high AST/ALT) but these associations were no longer significant after adjustment for SED time, except for FLI (p<0.001). Conclusions: Lower SED time is associated with better hepatic health independently of MVPA. Reducing SED time might be a first step in the management of pediatric obesity NAFLD when increasing MVPA is not possible.
Insights for crystal mush storage utilizing mafic enclaves from the 2011-12 Cordón Caulle eruption
Authors: Winslow Heather , Ruprecht Philipp , Gonnermann Helge , Phelps Patrick , Muñoz-Saez Carolina , Delgado Francisco , Pritchard Matthew , Amigo Alvaro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two distinct types of rare crystal-rich mafic enclaves have been identified in the rhyolite lava flow from the 2011-12 Cordón Caulle eruption (Southern Andean Volcanic Zone, SVZ). The majority of mafic enclaves are coarsely crystalline with interlocking olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase textures and irregular shaped vesicles filling the crystal framework. These enclaves are interpreted as pieces of crystal-rich magma mush underlying a crystal-poor rhyolitic magma body that has fed recent silicic eruptions at Cordón Caulle. A second type of porphyritic enclaves, with restricted mineral chemistry and spherical vesicles, represents small-volume injections into the rhyolite magma. Both types of enclaves are basaltic endmembers (up to 9.3 wt% MgO and 50-53 wt% SiO2) in comparison to enclaves erupted globally. The Cordón Caulle enclaves also have one of the largest compositional gaps on record between the basaltic enclaves and the rhyolite host at 17 wt% SiO2. Interstitial melt in the coarsely-crystalline enclaves is compositionally identical to their rhyolitic host, suggesting that the crystal-poor rhyolite magma was derived directly from the underlying basaltic magma mush through efficient melt extraction. We suggest the 2011-12 rhyolitic eruption was generated from a primitive basaltic crystal-rich mush that short-circuited the typical full range of magmatic differentiation in a single step.
Research on Tissue Structure Enhancement Method of Medical Endoscope Images
Authors: Zhang Guo , Lin Jinzhao , Cao Enling , Pang Yu , Sun Weiwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:In clinical surgery, the quality of endoscopic images is degraded by noise. Noise is mainly caused by blood, illumination changes, specular reflection, smoke, etc., which will significantly reduce the quality of the image in the occluded area. Affect the doctor's judgment, prolong the operation time and increase the operation risk.Methods:This paper proposes an improved weighted guided filtering algorithm to enhance endoscopic image tissue. An unsharp mask algorithm and an improved weighted guided filter are used to enhance vessel details and contours in endoscopic images. An overall scheme of endoscopic image processing is proposed, which includes detail enhancement, contrast enhancement, brightness enhancement and highlight area removal.Results:Compared with several other algorithms, it is better than other algorithms in maintaining edges and reducing halo, and its effectiveness is proved by experiments. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity of endoscopic images obtained by the improved algorithm in this paper are the largest. The foreground-background value Detail Variance-Background Variance has been improved.Conclusion:Our algorithm has a stronger ability to suppress noise, and is more able to maintain the structure of the original endoscopic image, which improves the details of tissue blood vessels. This paper can provide guidelines for the development of endoscopy devices.
Improved outcomes in blood-culture proven sepsis by using high susceptibility empiric antibiotics based on local cumulative antibiograms: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chang Chia-Ming , Hsieh Ming-Shun , Yang Chi-Ju , Meng Yu-Hsiang , Li Tung-Ying , Chen Pau-Chung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Empiric antibiotic therapy is important and urgent in sepsis patients in the emergency department (ED). However, there is little research to prove the relationship between empiric antibiotic therapy and local antibiograms in sepsis patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of empiric antibiotic therapy on different degrees of appropriateness based on local cumulative antibiograms in blood culture-proven sepsis patients in ED. Methods: This retrospective study included adult sepsis patients with positive blood culture in ED from February 2016 to December 2018. The empiric antibiotic therapy which was first received in the emergency department was matched to the local cumulative antibiograms of the prior half year intervals before this admitting to ED. According to the isolated pathogens and empiric antibiotic therapy, patients categorized into 2 groups using the cutoff of 70% susceptibility of empiric antibiotics. The multivariate regression analysis and several sensitivity analyses were performed.Results: 1055 sepsis patients with positive blood culture were included. These patients (median [interquartile range] age, 78 [66-87] years; 582 [55.2%] men), 80 (7.6%) died in the hospital. Those receiving empiric antibiotics with a past overall susceptibility 70 and above were associated with reduced inhospital death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28 – 0.77) and 30-day mortality (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 – 0.86). They were more likely to have a decreased length of ICU stay by 1.60 days (95% CI -3.00 – -0.20). In the sensitivity analysis, inhospital mortality was lower in those receiving antibiotics with overall susceptibility higher than 90 (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26 – 0.97). Conclusions: Empiric antibiotic therapy with a higher susceptibility of 70% based on local antibiograms has lower mortality in blood culture proven sepsis patients in ED. The higher susceptibility of empiric antibiotics leads to lower mortality in sepsis patients.
The relationship between root growth, soil resources, and productivity in an apple–soybean irrigated agroforestry system in northwest China
Authors: Shen Lei , Wang Xiuyuan , Liu Tingting , Wei Wenwen , Zhang Shuai , Li Luhua , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aims Understanding the relationship between roots, soil moisture, and nutrients in agroforestry systems in irrigated orchards is critical for optimizing orchard management in arid regions. However, there are still many knowledge gaps in this area. Our goals were to (i) explore the spatiotemporal distribution of fine roots for two species under irrigated conditions; (ii) investigate the relationship between fine roots, soil moisture, and nutrients; and (iii) evaluate the productivity of irrigated agroforestry systems.Methods An orchard with soybeans and apples as intercropping materials was established, including single-cropping soybean, single-cropping apple, and apple–soybean intercropping treatments. Data were collected on the spatiotemporal distribution of fine roots and soil resources under apple monocropping and soybean–apple intercropping treatments in 2020–2021, soybean and apple yield, and yield components.Results Compared with apple monocropping, apple–soybean intercropping increased the richness of fine roots in the field. Apple fine roots decreased in the shallow layer and increased in the deep layer in the area where the species overlapped, which increased the soil water content, decreased the nitrate nitrogen content, decreased the effects of soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen on fine roots，increased soybean plant height and leaf area, decreased stem diameter, increased the number of pods per plant and grains per pod, and decreased the 100-grain weight. The LER (land equivalent ratio) = 1.41.Conclusions Irrigated agroforestry increased the richness of fine roots under soybean–apple intercropping, reduced the dependence of root growth on soil resources, eased competition among species, and achieved higher productivity.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Quality of Life Scale (POIQOLS): Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Golezar Samira , Keshavarz Zohreh , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Ebadi Abbas , Zayeri Farid , Golezar Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency is menopause before the age of 40. It can affect the quality of life of afflicted women. Because there is no instrument available for measuring the quality of life of these women, the present study was carried out to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the quality of life scale for women with primary ovarian insufficiency.Methods: This exploratory sequential mixed method study was performed in two phases. In the qualitative phase (item generation), semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 women having primary ovarian insufficiency, and a literature review was performed to generate initial items pool. In the quantitative phase (psychometric evaluation), the face, content, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), as well as reliability (internal consistency and test-retest methods), were evaluated. Besides, the responsiveness and interpretability were investigated.Results: During the first phase of the study, the initial item pool was generated with 132 items. After the face and content validity, the number of items was reduced to 40. The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28 item scale with six factors. These factors explained 58.55% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha for each factor was more than 0.7. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the entire scale was 0.95.Conclusions: The primary ovarian insufficiency quality of life scale (POIQOLS) is a valid and reliable tool for accessing the quality of life of women with primary ovarian insufficiency.
The Korean Undiagnosed Diseases Program Phase I: Expansion of the Nationwide Network and the Development of Long-term Infrastructures
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Lee Seungbok , Woo Hyewon , Han Jiyeon , Ko Young Jun , Shim Youngkyu , Park Soojin , Jang Se Song , Lim Byung Chan , Ko Jung Min , Kim Ki Joong , Cho Anna , Kim Hunmin , Hwang Hee , Choi Ji Eun , Kim Man Jin , Moon Jangsup , Seong Moon-Woo , Park Sung Sup , Choi Sun Ah , Lee Ji Eun , Kwon Young Se , Sohn Young Bae , Kim Jon Soo , Kim Won Seop , Lee Yun Jeong , Kwon Soonhak , Kim Young Ok , Kook Hoon , Cho Yong Gon , Cheon Chong Kun , Kang Ki-Soo , Song Mi-Ryoung , Kim Young-Joon , Cha Hyuk-Jin , Choi Hee-Jung , Kee Yun , Park Sung-Gyoo , Baek Seung Tae , Choi Murim , Ryu Dong-Sung , Chae Jong-Hee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Phase I of the Korean Undiagnosed Diseases Program (KUDP), which was performed for 3 years, has been completed. The Phase I program aimed to solve the problem of undiagnosed patients throughout the country and develop infrastructures, including a data management system and functional core laboratory, for long-term translational research. Herein, we shared the clinical experiences of the Phase I program and introduced the activities of the functional core laboratory and data management system.Results: During the program (2018-2020), 458 patients were finally enrolled and classified into 3 groups according to the following criteria: I) those with a specific clinical diagnosis that required direct testing first (32 patients); II) those with a clinical diagnosis with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity (353 patients); and III) those with atypical presentations or unknown diseases thus far (73 patients). All patients underwent individualized diagnostic processes by the decision of an expert consortium. Confirmative diagnoses were obtained for 242 patients (52.8%). The diagnostic yield was different for each group: 81.3% for Group I, 53.3% for Group II, and 38.4% for Group III. Diagnoses were made by next-generation sequencing for 204 patients (84.3%) and other genetic testing for 35 patients (14.5%). Three patients (1.2%) were finally diagnosed with nongenetic disorders. The KUDP functional core laboratory with a group of experts organized a streamlined research pipeline covering various resources, including animal models, stem cells, structural modeling and metabolic and biochemical approaches. Among the 40 genes without identified causality for human Mendelian disorders to date, six different genes are on track for functional research. We also developed a web-based database system that supports clinical cohort management and provides a matchmaker exchange protocol based on a matchbox, expecting reinforcement of the nationwide clinical network and further international collaboration.Conclusions: The KUDP evaluated the unmet needs of undiagnosed patients and established infrastructures for a data sharing system and functional research. The advancement of the KUDP may initiate sustainable bench-to-bedside research in Korea and contribute to ongoing international collaboration.
Hepatic HRC induces hepatocyte pyroptosis and HSCs activation via NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway
Authors: Wu Jingwen , Zhang Mingyu , Xia Suhong , Han Ping , Zhao Kai , Peng Kaixin , Zhou Wangdong , Tian Dean , Liao Jiazhi , Liu Jingmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (HRC) is a regulator of Ca2 + homeostasis and it plays a significant role in liver fibrosis. Pyroptosis, a specific inflammatory cell death, can lead to HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. However, the role of HRC in pyroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrated that HRC, mainly located in the hepatocyte, was overexpressed in fibrotic liver tissues. We further found that enforced expression of HRC in hepatocytes induced pyroptosis and HMGB1 release, and subsequently led to HSCs activation by NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. In addition, the proliferation and migration of HSCs were also enhanced by HRC overexpression in hepatocytes. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 alleviated hepatic HRC-mediated hepatocytes pyroptosis and HSCs activation. This study demonstrated that hepatic HRC promoted HSCs activation by inducing hepatocyte pyroptosis, which suggests HRC may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent liver fibrosis.