bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does food biodiversity protect against malnutrition and favour the resilience to climate change-related events in Amazon Indigenous communities? A protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol , Cade Janet , Ford James , Greenwood Darren C. , Carcamo Cesar , Silvera-Ccallo Rosa , Fernandez-Neyra Connie , Lancha-Rucoba Guillermo , Pizango-Tangoa Manuel , Pizango-Inuma Rogelia , Chanchari-Huiñapi Junior , Velez-Quevedo Jorge , Inuma-Tangoa Nerita , Antazu Teresita , Miranda-Cuadros Marianella , Aparco Juan Pablo , Aro-Guardia Pedro , Verastegui Manuela , Morales-Ancajima Valeria , Bressan Tiana , Miranda J. Jaime 
Published: October 2022

Background: Undernutrition is projected to be a major consequence of climate change. Biodiversity could enhance climate change resilience by improving nutritional outcomes and providing healthy food resources during and/or after climate-related events. For Indigenous populations who currently base their diet on local biodiversity, rapid climate changes may affect their ability to produce, access or gather food and consequently impact their nutritional status. There is a knowledge gap regarding whether nutritional status among Indigenous populations is better among those who consume a diet with greater biodiversity than those who have a diet with low biodiversity. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of food biodiversity (FBD) in nutritional resilience to extreme flooding events of Shawi Amazon Indigenous adults living in Peruvian communities that have experienced extreme floods in the past five years. Methods: This study will use a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative component includes a cross-sectional survey to assess the association between food biodiversity (FBD) and the prevalence of anaemia in adults aged 15 to 60 years old (n=365). Anaemia will be evaluated using blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin. FBD will be measured with a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. Soil-transmitted helminth infections, malaria, and inflammatory biomarkers will also be evaluated. Qualitative component will include a community-based participatory approach to investigate the role of FBD in the responses to extreme floods. Male (n=14) and female (n=14) participants, previously identified in the quantitative phase with high and low levels of FBD, will be invited to participate in a Photovoice activity and semi-structured interviews. A analytical framework for climate change resilience will be used to integrate the data. Discussion: Findings will be integrated to identify features of diet quality to suggest nutritional interventions that are resilient to changing climatic conditions in the Amazon and respect Indigenous views.
Continuous-wave single-mode quantum cascade laser at 5.1  THz based on graded sampled grating design
Authors: Li Weijiang , Ma Yu , Xu Yunfei , Liu Junqi , Wang Lijun , Zhuo Ning , Lu Quanyong , Zhang Jinchuan , Zhai Shenqiang , Liu Shuman , Liu Fengqi 
Published: October 2022

We report on the terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers in continuous-wave (CW) operation with an emitting frequency above 5 THz. Excellent performance with a smaller leakage current and higher population inversion efficiency is obtained by one-well bridged bound-to-continuum hybrid quantum design at 5 THz. By designing and fabricating a graded metallic sampled distributed feedback grating in the waveguide, the first single-mode THz quantum cascade laser at 5.13 THz in CW operation mode is achieved. The maximum single-mode optical power of

∼
48

mW

is achieved at 15 K with a side-mode suppression ratio above 24 dB. This will draw great interest in the spectroscopy applications above the 5 THz range for THz quantum cascade lasers.
Modeling the effect of different drugs and treatment regimen for hookworm on cure and egg reduction rates taking into account diagnostic error
Authors: Grolimund Carla M. , Bärenbold Oliver , Utzinger Jürg , Keiser Jennifer , Vounatsou Penelope 
Published: October 2022

Background
Hookworm infections, caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, are of considerable public health importance. The World Health Organization recommends preventive chemotherapy as the key strategy for morbidity control. Meta-analyses have been conducted to estimate treatment efficacy of available drugs and drug combinations. However, in most studies, the relation between the diagnostic error and infection intensity have not been considered, resulting in an overestimation of cure rates (CRs).

Methodology
A Bayesian model was developed to compare the ‘true’ CR and egg reduction rate of different treatment regimens for hookworm infections taking into account the error of the recommended Kato-Katz thick smear diagnostic technique. It was fitted to the observed egg count data which was linked to the distribution of worms, considered the day-to-day variation of hookworm egg excretion and estimated the infection intensity-dependent sensitivity. The CR was obtained by defining the prevalence of infection at follow-up as the probability of having at least one fertilized female worm. The model was applied to individual-level egg count data available from 17 treatments and six clinical trials.

Principal findings
Taking the diagnostic error into account resulted in considerably lower CRs than previously reported. Overall, of all treatments analyzed, mebendazole administered in six dosages of 100 mg each was the most efficacious treatment with a CR of 88% (95% Bayesian credible interval: 79-95%). Furthermore, diagnostic sensitivity varied with the infection intensity and sampling effort. For an infection intensity of 50 eggs per gram of stool, the sensitivity is close to 60%; for two Kato-Katz thick smears it increased to approximately 76%.

Conclusions/significance
Our model-based estimates provide the true efficacy of different treatment regimens against hookworm infection taking into account the diagnostic error of the Kato-Katz method. Estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity for different number of stool samples and thick smears are obtained. To accurately assess efficacy in clinical trials with the Kato-Katz method, at least two stool samples on consecutive days should be collected.
Comorbidity and quality of life in obesity–a comparative study with the general population in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Mejaddam Ala , Krantz Emily , Höskuldsdóttir Gudrún , Fändriks Lars , Mossberg Karin , Eliasson Björn , Trimpou Penelope , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin 
Published: October 2022

Context
Obesity is considered to have a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Objective
To compare HRQoL in a well-defined group of people with obesity with a population-based control group from the general public.

Design
Observational cross-sectional cohort study with a reference population.

Setting
The Regional Obesity Center at the Department of Medicine at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Participants
People with obesity (n = 1122) eligible for surgical and non-surgical obesity treatment in routine care were included consecutively between 2015 and 2017 into the BASUN study. Men and women from the WHO-MONICA-GOT project were used as a reference population (n = 414).

Main outcome measures
HRQoL was measured with the RAND-36/Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for self-related health (SRH). Prescription drugs for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, and anxiety were taken as a proxy for these conditions.

Results
People with obesity rated their overall HRQoL lower than the reference population according to the SRH-VAS. Lower scores were reported on physical and social functioning, vitality, general and mental health after adjustment for age and use of prescription drugs (considered a proxy for burden of disease, or comorbidities) using the RAND-36/SF-36 questionnaire. Use of some psychopharmacological agents was more common in patients with obesity.

Conclusion
People with obesity seeking help with weight reduction are more likely to have lower physical and mental self-reported HRQoL than the general population.
Fecal carriage and clonal dissemination of blaNDM-1 carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 at an intensive care unit in Lao PDR
Authors: Sewunet Tsegaye , K. K. Sriram , Nguyen Ha Hoang , Sithivong Noikaseumsy , Hoang Ngoc Thi Bich , Sychareun Vanphanom , Nengmongvang Kokasia , Larsson Mattias , Olson Linus , Westerlund Fredrik , Giske Christian G. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are high priority targets of global antimicrobial surveillance. Herein, we determined the colonization rate of CPE on admission to intensive care units in Vientiane, Lao PDR in August-September 2019.

Methods
Data regarding clinical conditions, infection control, and antibiotic usage were collected during admission. Rectal swab samples (n = 137) collected during admission were inoculated to selective chromogenic agars, followed by confirmatory tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. All CPE isolates were sequenced on Illumina (HiSeq2500), reads assembled using SPAdes 3.13, and the draft genomes used to query a database (https://www.genomicepidemiology.org) for resistome, plasmid replicons, and sequence types (ST). Optical DNA mapping (ODM) was used to characterize plasmids and to determine location of resistance genes. Minimum spanning tree was generated using the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence database (BIGSdb) and annotated using iTOL.

Result
From 47 Enterobacterales isolated on selective agars, K. pneumoniae (25/47) and E. coli (12/47) were the most prevalent species, followed by K aerogenes (2/47), K. variicola (1/47), and K. oxytoca (1/47). The overall prevalence of ESBLs was 51.0%; E. coli 83.3% (10/12) and Klebsiella spp. 41.3% (12/29). Twenty percent of the K. pneumoniae (5/25) isolates were carbapenem-resistant, and 4/5 contained the blaNDM-1 gene. All blaNDM-1 isolates belonged to ST147 and were indistinguishable with cgMLST. ODM showed that the blaNDM-1 gene was located on identical plasmids in all isolates.

Conclusion
The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was high, while carbapenemases were less common. However, the detection of clonal dissemination of blaNDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae isolates in one of the intensive care units calls for vigilance. Stringent infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship strategies are highly important measures.
Relationships among COVID-19 phobia, health anxiety, and social relations in women living with HIV in Iran: A path analysis
Authors: Aliverdi Fatemeh , Bayat Jozani Zahra , Ghavidel Nooshin , Qorbani Mostafa , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Mohamadi Farima , Mohraz Minoo , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have caused fear and anxiety worldwide and imposed a significant physical and psychological burden on people, especially women living with HIV (WLHIV). However, WLHIV were not studied as well as others during the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to determine the relationships between COVID-19 phobia, health anxiety, and social relations in WLHIV.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 300 WLHIV who had records at the Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, the fear of COVID-19 scale, the social relations questionnaire, the socioeconomic status scale and the health anxiety inventory. Path-analysis was used to assess the direct and indirct associations between variables.

Results
Based on the path analysis, among variables that had significant causal relationships with social relations, socioeconomic status (β = -0.14) showed the greatest negative relationship, and health anxiety (β = 0.11) had the strongest positive relationship on the direct path. On the indirect path, fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.049) displayed the greatest positive relationship. The level of education (β = 0.29) was the only variable showing a significant positive relationship with social relations on both direct and indirect paths.

Conclusion
Our result showed that increased fear and health anxiety related to a higher social relations score in WLHIV. Hence, due to their vulnerability, these people require more support and education to adhere to health protocols in future pandemics and similar situations.
“Some believe those who say they can cure it” perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV/AIDS: Qualitative exploration of caregivers experiences in tamale metropolis
Authors: Atanuriba Gideon Awenabisa , Apiribu Felix , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine , Boamah Mensah Adwoa Bemah , Afaya Richard Adongo , Gazari Timothy , Laari Timothy Tienbia , Akor Moses Haruna , Abnory Linda 
Published: October 2022

Background
HIV/AIDS is now a chronic disease, as adherence to anti-retrovirals impacts positively on the quality as well as expectancy of life. However, there exist multifaceted barriers to treatments for which children are most disadvantaged. Since Ghana subscribed to the “treat all” policy less percentage (25.5%) of children (2–14 years) living with HIV/AIDS have been enrolled on the antiretroviral program compared to other categories of the population by 2019. At present no study has explored these barriers to children living with HIV/AIDS enrollment and adherence. This study aims to explore the perceived barriers of caregivers of children living with HIV/AIDS in the Tamale Metropolis.

Methods
We used descriptive phenomenology to explore the phenomena. Caregivers were purposively selected and interviewed till information became repetitive at the ninth (9th) caregiver. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data through face-to-face in-depth interviews which were audio recorded. The interviews lasted an average of 47 minutes. Audio interviews were transcribed verbatim (English) and translated back-to-back (Daghani) before analysis was done manually according to Collaizi’s seven-step approach. We used the Guba and Lincoln guidelines to ensure the rigour of the study and its findings. Results are presented in themes and supported with quotes.

Results
Six themes emerged from the analysis of the caregivers’ transcripts; (1) denial of HIV/AID diagnosis, (2) stock-outs and privacy at the clinic, (3) busy schedule and poor support, (4) ignorance and alternative herbal cure, (5) stigma and discrimination, (6) transportation and distance.

Conclusion
Perceived barriers are multi-dimensional and encountered by all PLWHA, especially children. These barriers could derail the gains of HIV/AIDS interventions among children. Adherence counselling among caregivers alongside campaigns among faith and herbal healers are of grave concern to reduce myths of cure.
Caustic Ingestion: A Risk-Based Algorithm
Authors: Tosca Joan , Sánchez Ana , Sanahuja Ana , Villagrasa Rosana , Poyatos Paloma , Mas Pilar , Pascual Isabel , Lluch Paloma , Herreros Belén , Peña Andrés , Sánchiz Vicente , Mínguez Miguel 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Caustic ingestion management could be improved with a diagnostic approach based on risk factors. This study aimed to develop an algorithm derived from predictive factors of a poor clinical course, to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy and resource consumption, and to compare it with 2 other approaches, a radiological one based on computed tomography and a classical one based on symptoms and endoscopy.

METHODS:
All patients older than 15 years presenting with caustic ingestion in our tertiary care hospital between 1995 and 2021 were prospectively included. Adverse outcome was defined as intensive care unit admission, emergency surgery, or death. Ingestion characteristics, symptoms, and laboratory and endoscopic findings were analyzed to determine the most relevant risk factors. Diagnostic accuracy and the number of examinations required were estimated and compared with the other 2 algorithms applied to our series.

RESULTS:
The sample included 532 cases of caustic ingestion, 13.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.3–16.0) of which had adverse outcomes. Volume and type of caustic substance; presence of symptoms and pharyngolaryngeal involvement; and neutrophilia, acidosis, and endoscopic injury were combined to develop an algorithm that would provide the highest diagnostic odds ratio (167.2; 95% CI: 71.9–388.7). Following this approach, half of the patients (50.6%; 95% CI: 46.2–55.1) would not require any examination and, overall, the need for endoscopy (20.0%; 95% CI: 16.4–23.5) and computed tomography (16.3%; 95% CI: 13.0–19.5) would be lower than that for the other 2 algorithms.

DISCUSSION:
A risk-based algorithm could improve caustic ingestion management by maintaining high diagnostic accuracy while reducing diagnostic test requirements.
Formation of a system of target indicators for rating and integral evaluation of the efficiency of the organization of the provision of medical care to patients with diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation regions
Authors: Mikhailov I. A. , Omelyanovsky V. V. , Shestakova M. V. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: October 2022

AIM: Formation of a system of target indicators for rating and integral assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation regions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was an expert survey in the form of a structured interview. At the first stage, we performed the primary selection of indicators. At the second stage, the selection of experts took place in accordance with the inclusion criteria, and the assessment of the level of expert competence was assessed based on a self-assessment survey. Further, criteria we formulated for expert evaluation of the significance of the selected indicators in accordance with the principles used in the development of national and federal projects. The indicators were divided into two groups: additional (process) and main (outcome). To quantify the degree of agreement between the experts’ answers, Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) was calculated. The significance of differences was assessed using the nonparametric Friedman test.RESULTS: Only indicators with a high degree of agreement between experts and the presence of statistical significance in terms of the concordance coefficient are recommended as target indicators. The following main and additional indicators satisfy these requirements: mortality from cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (people per 100,000 population); the proportion of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus provided with medical devices out of the total number of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (percentage); the proportion of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus with high amputations of all patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus with any amputations (percentage); and other indicators.CONCLUSION: We selected indicators that can be used both for the integral rating of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and in the formation of federal projects or departmental target programs. The results of the study can also be used to organize a system for monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of these projects and programs.
Movimentos socioterritoriais, mulheres e doação de alimentos no Brasil
Authors: Albuquerque Jorge Aline , Dalperio Buscioli Lara , Oliveira Moreira Bitencourt Silmara , Francisca de Souza Campos Vinha Janaina , Oliveira da Fonseca Roberta , Araújo Coutinho de Paula Larissa , Carolina Gomes Mesquita da Silva Hellen 
Published: October 2022

Resumo

No Brasil, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, o aprofundamento da questão da insegurança alimentar grave e da violência contra a mulher tornaram-se uns dos principais impactos potencializados pela postura adotada pelo governo de Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Diante disso, diferentes sujeitos, organizados em movimentos socioterritoriais do campo e da cidade, realizaram ações de resistência para mitigação destes problemas, tendo a solidariedade como elemento nucleador. Este trabalho analisa as ações das mulheres camponesas nas campanhas de doação de alimentos a partir do debate paradigmático, por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos, sistematização de dados quantitativos e da realização de entrevistas. As mulheres ocupam a centralidade nas ações voltadas para as campanhas, caracterizadas pela diversidade de identidades dos sujeitos participantes, com doações de marmitas, cestas, produtos de higiene/limpeza, etc. Esta centralidade coloca-se tanto nas produções dos alimentos quanto na gestão, preparação, estrutura de funcionamento/articulação e no campo paradigmático de discussões. Tais ações estão alicerçadas no Paradigma da Questão Agrária, pois buscam superar os problemas estruturantes do capital e propor mudanças socioterritoriais para um novo modelo de sociedade, pautado na justiça social e na promoção da Reforma Agrária Popular.
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysms Discovered Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Surgical Timing Dilemma
Authors: Iosifescu Andrei George , Iosifescu Toma Andrei , Timisescu Alina Teodora , Antohi Elena-Laura , Iliescu Vlad Anton 
Published: October 2022

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare disease; it is defined as a ventricular rupture contained by epicardium, pericardial adhesions, or both. It most frequently occurs as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Surgical treatment is recommended for pseudoaneurysms that are large or symptomatic and for those discovered less than 3 months after myocardial infarction.
We report our experience with 2 patients who had left ventricular pseudoaneurysms discovered less than a week after inferior myocardial infarction. Both patients were middle-aged men with right coronary occlusion in whom the diagnoses were established by echocardiography during the first week after infarction. Because both patients were clinically stable, we opted to defer surgery until scarring could facilitate correction; this decision was based on a review of the literature showing that in-hospital mortality is higher with early surgery. The patients were monitored closely in the intensive care unit and were prescribed β-blockers and vasodilators. Both patients underwent left ventricular patch reconstruction with exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm and posterior septum; both received moderate inotropic support and prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump assistance. Their postoperative courses were uneventful.
In 5 prior reports describing 45 patients (13 with acute pseudoaneurysm [≤2 wk after infarction] and 32 with nonacute pseudoaneurysm), in-hospital mortality was 61.5% for patients in the acute group and 15.6% for the nonacute group (P = .0066).
We recommend that clinicians consider deferring surgery for patients with stable acute left ventricular pseudoaneurysm to reduce the risks associated with early repair.
A Landau–Ginzburg mirror theorem via matrix factorizations
Authors: He Weiqiang , Polishchuk Alexander , Shen Yefeng , Vaintrob Arkady 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For an invertible quasihomogeneous
polynomial

𝒘

{{\boldsymbol{w}}}

we prove an all-genus mirror theorem
relating two cohomological field theories of Landau–Ginzburg type.
On the B-side it is the Saito–Givental theory for a specific
choice of a primitive form. On the A-side, it is the matrix factorization CohFT
for the dual singularity

𝒘
T

{{\boldsymbol{w}}^{T}}

with the maximal diagonal symmetry group.