bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Exposure to Air Pollution and Dementia Incidence: The Modifying Effect of Smoking
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Nyarko Hukportie Daniel , Wan Zhongxiao , Li Fu-Rong , Wu Xian-Bo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The influence of overall air pollution on dementia risk and the potential effect modification by other risk factors remain to be clarified.

Methods
We included 459 844 UK residents who were free of dementia and had data on the exposure to particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10, NO2, and NOx during baseline recruitment. The combined exposure to various PMs and NOx was estimated by using an air pollution score. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia were estimated by multivariable Cox models.

Results
During a median 11.7 years follow-up, 5 905 incident cases of all-cause dementia were identified. With the exception of PM2.5–10, all other air pollutants were separately associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (all p-trend &lt; .001) with generally similar associations for dementia subtypes. An increasing air pollution score was associated with higher risks of all-cause as well as individual dementia outcomes, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.27 (1.18, 1.37) for all-cause dementia, 1.27 (1.14, 1.43) for Alzheimer’s disease, and 1.35 (1.16, 1.57) for vascular dementia when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of the score (all p-trend &lt; .001). These associations of air pollution score with dementia and its subtypes were observed among never and former smokers but not among current smokers (all p-interaction &#x2028;&lt; .030).

Conclusion
Air pollution was associated with a higher risk of dementia among nonsmokers but not current smokers. Additional studies are required to confirm our findings and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the possible effect modification by smoking status.
Fasting and Post-Load Glucose and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Risk of Heart Failure and Its Subtypes in Older Adults
Authors: Oesterle Adam , Buzkova Petra , Pellegrini Cara N , Hirsch Calvin , Tracy Russell P , Siscovick David S , Djousse Luc , Mukamal Ken J , Kizer Jorge R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are myocardial fuels whose fasting and post-prandial levels are under different homeostatic regulation. The relationships of fasting and post-load glucose and NEFA with incident heart failure (HF) remain incompletely defined.

Methods
Serum glucose and NEFA were measured during fasting and 2 hours post-oral glucose tolerance test, performed in Cardiovascular Health Study participants not receiving hypoglycemic medication. Participants with prevalent HF or lacking relevant data were excluded. Outcomes were incident HF (primary), and HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction (secondary).

Results
Among 2 238 participants (age 78 ± 4) with a median follow-up of 9.9 years, there were 737 HF events. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, both fasting (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11 per SD [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.01–1.23], p = .040) and post-load (HR = 1.14 per SD [1.05–1.24], p = 0.002) glucose were significantly associated with incident HF. No association was seen for fasting or post-load NEFA. Upon mutual adjustment, only post-load glucose (HR = 1.11 [1.003–1.22], p = .044), but not fasting glucose (HR = 1.06 [0.94–1.20], p = .340), remained associated with HF. Further adjustment for cardiovascular disease and other risk factors in the causal pathway did not affect the association for post-load glucose, but eliminated that for fasting glucose. Associations for fasting and post-load glucose appeared stronger with higher adiposity and were observed specifically for HFrEF but not HFpEF.

Conclusions
Fasting and post-load glucose, but not NEFA, were associated with incident HF. The association was especially robust for post-load glucose, suggesting that pathways involved in post-prandial dysglycemia could offer new targets for HF prevention late in life.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Inflammation, and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Li Chao , Xiang Shiting 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the association and dose–response relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms in late life and explored the mediating roles of inflammatory markers in the ACEs–depressive symptom association among Chinese older adults.

Methods
This study was conducted using 2014 life history survey data and 2015 follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Data on ACEs and depression, inflammatory markers of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell were collected. The association between ACEs and depressive symptoms was examined using logistic regression, and the mediation effects of inflammatory markers were evaluated.

Results
A total of 6,518 individuals over 60 years were included in the analysis. Compared to no ACE exposure, the adjusted odd ratios ranged from 1.377 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.133–1.673) when participants had been exposed to 2 ACEs to 1.809 (95% CI, 1.451–2.256) when participants were exposed to 4 or more ACEs. A significant dose–response relationship between cumulative ACE scores and depression was observed. Six of the 12 ACE exposures were related to increased odds of depressive symptoms. CRP appeared to partially mediate the ACE–depressive symptom association, and the proportion of the effect of ACEs on depression was 1.17% (P = 0.008).

Discussion
A dose–response association exists between ACEs and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults. CRP partially mediated the ACE–depressive symptom association in late life. Emphasizing interventions targeting individuals with ACE exposure may minimize the burden of late-life depression in China.
Characterization of novel antibodies that recognize sialylated keratan sulfate and lacto-N-fucopentaose I on human induced pluripotent cells: comparison with existing antibodies
Authors: Nakao Hiromi , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Kawabata Kenji , Higashi Katsuaki , Nonaka Motohiro , Tuiji Makoto , Nagai Yuko , Toyoda Hidenao , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Kawasaki Nobuko , Kawasaki Toshisuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis report describes the isolation and characterization of two new antibodies, R-6C (IgM) and R-13E (IgM), which were generated in C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) using the Tic (JCRB1331) human induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC) line as an antigen, and their comparisons with two existing antibodies, R-10G (IgG1) and R-17F (IgG1). Their epitopes were studied by western blotting after various glycosidase digestions, binding analyses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and microarrays with various synthetic oligosaccharides. The minimum epitope structures identified were: Siaα2–3Galβ1–3GlcNAc(6S)β1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc(6S)β1 (R-6C), Fucα1–2Galβ1–3GlcNAcβ1–3Galβ1 (R-13E), Galβ1–4GlcNAc(6S)β1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc(6S)β1 (R-10G), and Fucα1–2Galβ1–3GlcNAβ1–3Galβ1–4Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose I) (R-17F). Most glycoprotein epitopes are expressed as O-glycans. The common feature of these epitopes is the presence of an N-acetyllactosamine type 1 structure (Galβ1–3GlcNAc) at their nonreducing termini, followed by a type 2 structure (Galβ1–4GlcNAc); this arrangement comprises a type 1-type 2 motif. This motif is also shared by TRA-1-60, a traditional onco-fetal antigen. In contrast, the R-10G epitope has a type 2-type 2 motif. Among these antibodies, R-17F and R-13E exhibit cytotoxic activity toward hiPSCs. R-17F and R-13E exhibit extremely high similarity in the amino acid sequences in their complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), which is consistent with their highly similar glycan recognition. These antibodies are excellent tools for investigating the biological functions of glycoconjugates in hiPSCs/hESCs; they could be useful for the selection, isolation and selective killing of such undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells.
They will hate us for this: effects of media coverage on Islamist terror attacks on Muslims’ perceptions of public opinion, perceived risk of victimization, and behavioral intentions
Authors: Zerback Thomas , Karadas Narin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While research has intensively studied the effects of media coverage of Islamist terror on non-Muslims, our knowledge about how it affects Muslims themselves is still limited. Following Sikorski et al. (2017), we distinguish between undifferentiated and differentiated news on Islamist terror, i.e., news reports that explicitly establish or deny a link between Muslims or Islam and Islamist terror. In a 1 × 4 randomized experiment, we exposed N = 423 German Muslims to four different news conditions (terror differentiated, terror undifferentiated, criminal act, and a control group). Our results show that Muslims infer a negative picture of public opinion toward their group from news articles about Islamist terror, with stronger effects for undifferentiated depictions. Moreover, this notion leads to an increased perceived risk for the ingroup to fall victim to xenophobic violence. A strong German national identity attenuated the effects, whereas Muslim identity had no moderating effect.
Urine Exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p and BK Virus Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jung Su Woong , Cho Won-Hee , Seo Jung-Woo , Kim Yang-Gyun , Moon Ju-Young , Kim Jin Sug , Kim Chan-Duck , Chung Byung Ha , Park Jae Berm , Kim Yeong Hoon , Lee Sang-Ho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Urine exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p is associated with BK virus (BKV) nephropathy (BKVN); however, its posttransplantation changes and predictability for BKVN have not been determined in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

Methods
Urine exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p and urine and plasma BKV DNA were measured at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months posttransplant in 83 KTRs stratified into biopsy-proven or presumptive BKVN, BKV viruria, and no evidence of BKV reactivation. Joint model, multivariable Cox model and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to investigate the association of each assay with the following events: a composite of biopsy-proven or presumptive BKVN, and biopsy-proven BKVN.

Results
Urine exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p and urine and plasma BKV DNA showed similar posttransplant time-course changes. Joint models incorporating serial values demonstrated significant associations of all assays with the events, and Cox analyses using single time point values at 2 weeks posttransplant showed that only urine exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p was significantly associated with the events, although it did not outperform urine BKV DNA in ROC analyses.

Conclusions
Urine exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p was associated with BKVN as were urine and plasma BKV DNA loads on serial follow-up, and might have potential as a predictive marker for BKVN during the early posttransplant period.

Clinical Trials Registration
Clinical Research Information Service (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/), KCT0001010.
The impact of outsourcing bed-based aged care services on quality of care: A multisite observational study
Authors: Horne-Thompson Anne , Khalil Hanan , Harding Katherine , Kane Richard , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Outsourcing health-care services has become popular globally, provided by both profit and non-for-profit organizations with varying degrees of quality. To date, few published studies have evaluated the quality of care in health services using outsourcing.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in quality of care (effectiveness, safety and patient experience) for a Transition Care Program designed to improve older people’s independence and confidence after a hospital stay, when provided within a public health network compared to being outsourced to private facilities.

Methods
For clients discharged to a residential Transition Care Program operating across three sites from a large health service network (n = 1546), an audit of medical records was completed. Site 1 remained within the public health service (internally managed), whereas Sites 2 and 3 involved outsourcing to residential aged care facilities. The main outcome measures were discharge destination, length of stay and number of falls. Client demographics were analysed descriptively, and inferential statistics for continuous data and negative binomial regression for event data were used to examine differences between the sites.

Results
There were differences in quality of care between the internally and outsourced managed sites. One outsourced site discharged a smaller proportion to rehabilitation (P = 0.003) compared to the other two sites. There were differences in length of stay between the three sites. The length of stay was a mean of 4.8 days less at Site 1 (internally managed) (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.5 to 9.1) than Site 2 and 4.6 days less (95% CI 1.2 to 8.1) than Site 3. For those discharged to permanent residential care, the length of stay was 9.4 days less at the internal site than Site 2 (95% CI 3.5 to 15.2) and 7.0 days less than Site 3 (95% CI 1.9 to 12). Additionally, a lower rate of falls was recorded at Site 1 (internally managed) compared to Site 2 (outsourced) (incidence rate ratio = 0.44 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.60), P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
An internally managed Transition Care Program in a public health network was associated with better quality of care outcomes compared to outsourced services.
Seeking status and ontological security in hierarchy: Korea in the historical East Asian order
Authors: Min In Young 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article argues that secondary states in international hierarchy pursue distinctive strategies to define and secure their identities. When and why do they adopt strategy of socialization and emulation? When and why do they prioritize security of identity even at the expense of physical security? To address these questions, I empirically examine the relationships between Korea and imperial China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. I ask why Chosŏn Korea chose to voluntarily subordinate to the Ming, and why it risked its survival during the period of obvious power transition with the rise of the Qing. I develop a theory of secondary states’ identity-seeking based on social identity theory and ontological security studies. Theoretically, it suggests a new mechanism in which secondary states’ status-seeking generates a lock-in effect through deep socialization. Empirically, it adds to the growing literature on historical East Asian international relations by explicitly theorizing secondary states’ quest for identity.
Nuclear Weapons and Low-Level Military Conflict
Authors: Lee Kyung Suk , Kim James D , Jin Hwalmin , Fuhrmann Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDo nuclear weapons deter low-level military conflict? Although the political effects of nuclear weapons have been debated for more than seventy years, scholarship has yet to produce a clear answer. We design a study that reduces the risk of omitted variable bias relative to prior research. Our analysis compares the rates of conflict among eventual nuclear powers in the periods before and after they obtained an arsenal. We include two-way fixed effects to control for time-invariant state-specific confounders and address common shocks. Our findings indicate that switching from nonnuclear status to a nuclear arsenal decreases the risk of being targeted in militarized interstate disputes (MID) by nonnuclear challengers. However, when it comes to low-level conflict, nuclear powers do not appear to be deterred from instigating disputes with other nuclear-armed states. This result stands in contrast to most prior studies, which conclude that the possession of nuclear weapons increases or does not reliably decrease the risk of being targeted—even for nonnuclear challengers. Although there are clear limits to the deterrence benefits of nuclear weapons at low levels of conflict, states can reduce their vulnerability to some degree by developing a nuclear arsenal.
No Bandwidth to Self-Gift: How Feeling Constrained Discourages Self-Gifting
Authors: Rifkin Jacqueline R , Wight Kelley Gullo , Cutright Keisha M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrom time, to money, to energy, many consumers are feeling more constrained than ever before. One potential solution to the pervasive feeling of constraint is self-gifting, which is the process of invoking a hedonic consumption experience with the a priori intention of boosting one’s emotional well-being. But despite being a potentially powerful tool for mood repair, are consumers effectively coping with constraint by engaging in self-gifting? And if not, what is stopping them? A correlational pilot and six studies examine the relationship between the feeling of constraint and self-gifting consumption. When consumers feel constrained, they are less (rather than more) interested in self-gifting, and this is driven by a belief that feeling constrained will hamper their ability to derive the emotional well-being benefits of self-gifting. Importantly, though, this belief is miscalibrated: resource-constrained consumers can derive substantial well-being benefits from self-gifting, relative to those feeling less constrained. The effects generalize across several sources of constraint, do not occur for non-self-gifts, and cannot be explained by feelings of deservingness or justifiability. This research advances understanding of self-gifting, affective forecasting, and consumer decision-making, yields practical recommendations to marketers of self-gifting consumption, and has important consumer implications for people seeking to boost their well-being.
Is it time to modify the Japanese Uterine Cervical Cancer Guidelines to recommend a higher dose for radio-resistant tumors?
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Okuma Kae , Takahashi Ayaka , Kato Tomoyasu , Igaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compared with the European or the United States’ uterine cervical cancer management guidelines, which aim to deliver &gt;85 Gy EQD2 (the equivalent effective dose in 2 Gy per fraction) to the high-risk clinical target volume (CTVHR) D90 (minimal dose of 90% of the CTVHR), the dose goal of the corresponding Japanese guidelines does not recommend delivering such a high dose to the CTVHR D90. Subsequently, while the rate of late radiation-induced toxicities is reported to be much lower in the Japanese schedule, the local control rate is relatively inferior to that of clinical results reported by the IntErnational study on MRI-guided BRAchytherapy in CErvical cancer study (EMBRACE-I) in which the dose goal for CTVHR D90 was &gt;85 Gy and showed &gt;90% local control regardless of tumor stage. In daily clinical practice, patients with residual disease supposedly due to insufficient total dose delivery are occasionally referred to our hospital for the possibility of re-irradiation, which is not usually recommended because the risk of late severe radiation-induced toxicity is high. In this report, the authors hope to raise a discussion in our community about modifying our treatment guidelines to recommend a higher dose at least for patients with poor response.
Spatiotemporal Omics-Refining the landscape of precision medicine
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Yin Jianhua , Heng Yang , Xie Ken , Chen Ao , Amit Ido , Bian Xiu-wu , Xu Xun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Current streamline of precision medicine uses histomorphological and molecular information to indicate individual phenotypes and genotypes to achieve optimal outcome of treatment. The knowledge of detected mutations and alteration can hardly describe molecular interaction and biological process which can finally be manifested as a disease. With molecular diagnosis revising the modalities of disease, there is a trend in precision medicine to apply multiomic and multidimensional information to decode tumors, regarding heterogeneity, pathogenesis, prognosis, etc. Emerging state-of-art spatiotemporal omics provides a novel vision for in discovering clinicopathogenesis associated findings, some of which show a promising potential to be translated to facilitate clinical practice. Here, we summarize the available spatiotemporal omic technologies and algorithms, highlight the novel scientific findings and explore potential applications in the clinical scenario. Spatiotemporal omics present the ability to provide impetus to rewrite clinical pathology and to answer outstanding clinical questions. This review emphasizes the novel vision of spatiotemporal omics to refine the landscape of precision medicine in the clinic.
ANGI-05. VASCULAR NORMALIZATION IN MURINE GLIOBLASTOMA IS CONTROLLED BY APLN-SIGNALING AND CAN BE MONITORED BY DCE-MR IMAGING IN VIVO
Authors: Kälin Roland , Barci Enio , Zhang Huabin , Topping Geoffrey , Cheng Jiying , Sühnel Sandra , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Schilling Franz , Glass Rainer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Glioblastoma (GBM) expansion is accompanied by aberrant tumor vascularization. We demonstrated that the peptide hormone Apelin (APLN) controls GBM neo-vascularization and that the APLN-receptor antagonist Apelin-F13A improved the efficiency and reduced the invasive side effect of established antiangiogenic therapy. Here we investigated if Apelin-F13A blunts the formation of vasogenic edema, which can be monitored by MRI in vivo.

METHODS
To investigate the role of APLN -signaling in regulating the tightness of the tumor vasculature we performed in vivo leakage assays using Evans-Blue dye and fluorescent dextran. By confocal immunofluorescence, we characterized the maturation of the tumor vasculature with respect to pericyte-coverage and established a dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR imaging protocol to follow vascular edema formation.

RESULTS
We found that Evans-Blue extravasation is significantly increased by 3-fold in APLNKO tumors compared to controls. Uptake of fluorescent Dextran by CD31+ endothelia was quantified and increased massively from 200μm2 per high magnification field (HMF) in wildtype to 3500μm2 per HMF in APLNKO tumors. Interestingly, intracerebral infusion of Apelin-F13A enhanced pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature by 50%, decreased Evans-Blue extravasation from 25 μg/ml in controls to 8 μg/ml in treated tumors significantly and efficiently reversed the APLN-dependent vasogenic edema assessed by comparison of T2w-MRI to HE tumor volumes. To follow vasogenic edema formation in vivo, T1w 3D FLASH images were acquired every second over a 360s time course after gadolinium-based MR-contrast agent injection and demonstrated a delayed washout of the contrast in APLN-deficient GBM.

CONCLUSION
Together, our study shows that DCE-MRI can document APLN-dependent intratumoral vascular normalization and allows inspecting vasogenic edema formation in vivo. In addition to its anti-angiogenic / anti-invasive effect, Apelin-F13A can potently reduce vasogenic edema and might thus serve as a multimodal therapy for the treatment of human GBM in the future.