bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task-irrelevant object response to action enhances the sense of agency for controlling the object in automation
Authors: Nakashima Ryoichi , Kumada Takatsune 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sense of agency (SoA) refers to the experience of controlling our bodies and tools. Recent automated systems require the operators to have less manual control, which decreases the SoA. This study investigated how to increase the SoA when operating automated systems, by focusing on the effect of an object’s responses to operators’ actions on the SoA. Participants applied brakes to a moving black circle by pressing a key, in order to stop the circle near a goal. Then, they estimated their SoA for stopping the circle. We informed them that there were automatic control trials in which the circle stopped independently of their keypress (86% of the trials). The circle’s color briefly changed to white (i.e., flashed) when they pressed the key in a half of the automatic control trials. The SoA was higher with the flash than without it. However, the SoA neither increased when the circle flashed independently of a keypress nor when another object flashed due to a keypress. Furthermore, the keypress contingent object-flash did not influence the SoA when the participants controlled the circle manually. These results indicated that spatiotemporally contingent object responses to actions can enhance the SoA in automatic control situations.
Impact of national pneumococcal vaccination program on invasive pneumococcal diseases in South Korea
Authors: Jung Yeon Haw , Choe Yong June , Lee Chae Young , Jung Sang Oun , Lee Dong Han , Yoo Jae Il 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFollowing the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) declined, however, IPDs replaced by serotypes that are not included in the vaccine have emerged. We describe the epidemiology of IPD in South Korea over a 4.5-year period, encompassing the impact following introduction of PCV10/13 and PPSV23 into the public immunization program, and assess serotype dynamics in pediatric and adult population. This was a nationwide, retrospective review of surveillance of all IPD cases in Korea between September 2014 to December 2019. We analyzed VT13 (serotypes included in 13-valent conjugate vaccine) and NVT (nonvaccine type) cases by age, sex, IPD type, vaccination status, and deaths. A total of 893 cases with serotype data were included; 306 (34%) VT13 cases and 587 (66%) NVT cases. Serotype 3 (n = 155) was the most common VT13 serotype, followed by serotypes 19A (n = 70) and 14 (n = 28). Among the NVTs, serotype 10A (n = 74) was the most common serotype, followed by serotypes 23A (n = 60) and 34 (n = 58). Persons who had PCV13 vaccination were at lower risk (aOR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.73, P = 0.022) of death compared to unvaccinated persons. Introduction of PCV10/13 and PPSV23 vaccination program has had different impacts on the serotype-specific IPD across age groups. The most common serotypes included serotypes 3 and 19A (VT13), and 10A, 23A, and 34 (NVT). Our findings suggest continued monitoring in the midst of new vaccine development, and a need to develop novel strategies to mitigate the IPDs from emerging pneumococcal serotypes.
Millimetre-wave spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal and an astronomical search with ALMA
Authors: Koucký J. , Kolesniková L. , Luková K. , Vávra K. , Kania P. , Coutens A. , Loison J.-C. , Jørgensen J. K. , Belloche A. , Urban Š. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Several sugar-like molecules have been found in the interstellar medium (ISM). The molecule studied in this work, 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal, is among the candidates to be searched for, as it is a dehydration product of C3 sugars and contains structural motifs that are typical for some interstellar molecules. Furthermore, it has recently been predicted that it is more abundant in the ISM than its tentatively detected isomer 3-hydroxypropenal.
Aims. So far, only low-frequency microwave data of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal have been published. The aim of this work is to deepen our knowledge about the millimetre-wave spectrum of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal, enabling its detailed search towards astronomical objects. In particular, we target the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 and the star-forming region Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N).
Methods. The rotational spectrum of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal was measured and analysed in the frequency regions of 128-166 GHz and 285-329 GHz. The interstellar exploration towards IRAS 16293-2422 was based on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) data of the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS). We also used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with ALMA towards Sgr B2(N) to search for 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal in the ISM. We modelled the astronomical spectra under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).
Results. We provide laboratory analysis of hundreds of rotational transitions of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal in the ground state and the lowest lying excited vibrational state. We report its non-detection towards IRAS 16293 B. The 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal/3-hydroxypropenal abundance ratio is estimated to be ≲0.9–1.3, in agreement with the predicted value of ~1.4. We report the non-detection of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal towards the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N1), and we did not detect the related aldehydes 2-hydroxypropanal and 3-hydroxypropenal either. We find that these three molecules are at least nine, four, and ten times less abundant than acetaldehyde in this source, respectively.
Conclusions. Despite the non-detections of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal, the results of this work represent a significant improvement on previous investigations in the microwave region and meet the requirements for further searches for this molecule in the ISM.
Molecular dynamics simulations of interfacial structure, dynamics, and interfacial tension of tetrabutylammonium bromide aqueous solution in the presence of methane and carbon dioxide
Authors: Naeiji Parisa , Woo Tom K. , Ohmura Ryo , Alavi Saman 
Published: September 2022

The interfacial behavior of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solutions in the absence of gas and the presence of methane and carbon dioxide gases is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The aqueous TBAB phase, at concentrations similar to the solid semiclathrate hydrate (1:38 mol ratio), has a smaller interfacial tension and an increase in the gas molecules adsorbed at the interface compared to that in pure water. Both these factors may contribute to facilitating the uptake of the gases into the solid phase during the process of semiclathrate hydrate formation. At similar gas pressures, CO2 is adsorbed preferentially compared to CH4, giving it a higher surface density, due to the stronger intermolecular interactions of CO2 molecules of the solution at the interface. The increase in relative adsorption of CH4 at the solution surface compared to that in pure water surface is due to the hydrophobic interactions between the n-alkyl chains of the TBA+ cation and methane gas.
Social Sustainability and Community Development Practices: The Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity
Authors: Collishaw Christin S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The following is a case study of the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity in Alberta, Canada. The Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity (Banff Centre) is located within the unique setting of the land known as Banff National Park, the first national park established in Canada (Parks Canada, 2018). Banff National Park lies within the traditional territory of the Treaty 7 First Nations, part of Canada’s larger Indigenous population who have been subjected to centuries of racism and exploitation by European settlers and their descendants. Truth and reconciliation policies and processes have received increasing attention in Canadian society, although actual practices often fall short of these principles.An aspiring leader in arts and creativity, the Banff Centre goes beyond its educational programming to engage in community development activities which support the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the principles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP). The Banff Centre hosted a Truth and Reconciliation Summit in 2016, and followed up this summit with ongoing speaker series, strengthening relationships between locals and Treaty 7 First Nations who have lived in the area for thousands of years.

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© C.S. Collishaw, 2021
Variable range hopping conductivity in molecular beam epitaxial InSb
Authors: Holmes S N , Gough J , Chen C , Ritchie D A , Pepper M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A variable range hopping (VRH) transport mechanism can be induced in molecular beam epitaxial, n-type doped InSb wafers with focussed Ga+ ion beam damage. This technique allows areas of wafer to be selectively damaged and then subsequently processed into gated metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) devices where a disordered, two-dimensional (2D) device can be established. At high levels of damage (dose >1016 Ga+ ions cm−2) amorphous crystalline behavior results with activated conductivity characteristic of a three-dimensional system with VRH below 150 K. At lower doses (1014–1016 Ga+ ions cm−2) a thermally activated conductivity is induced at ∼0.9 K, characteristic of Mott phonon-assisted VRH. At 1 K the devices either conduct with conductivity >∼(e
2/h) where e is the fundamental charge and h is Planck’s constant, or are thermally activated depending on the dose level. The lightly damaged devices show weak antilocalization signals with conductivity characteristic of a 2D electronic system. As the Ga+ dose increases, the measured phase coherence length reduces from ∼500 nm to ∼100 nm. This provides a region of VRH transport where phase-coherent transport processes can be studied in the hopping regime with the dimensionality controlled by a gate voltage in an MIS-device.
An extended Stokes–Einstein model for condensed ionic water structures with topological complexity
Authors: Li Peizhao , Lu Haibao , Fu Yong-Qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘What is the structure of water?’ This has been a perplexing question for a long time and water structure with various phases is a great topic of research interest. Topological complexity generally occurs because hydrophilic ions strongly influence the size and shape of condensed water structures owing to their kosmotropic and chaotropic transitions. In this study, an extended Stokes–Einstein model incorporating Flory–Huggins free energy equation is proposed to describe the constitutive relationship between dynamic diffusion and condensed water structure with a topological complexity. The newly developed model provides a geometrical strategy of end-to-end distance and explores the constitutive relationship between condensed ionic water structures and their dynamic diffusion behaviors. A free-energy function is then formulated to study thermodynamics in electrolyte aqueous solution, in which the condensed ionic water structures undergo topologically complex changes. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using both molecular dynamics simulations and experimental results reported in literature.
Topological electrostatics
Authors: Douçot B , Moessner R , Kovrizhin D L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a theory of optimal topological textures in nonlinear sigma-models with degrees of freedom living in the GrassmannianGr(M,N)manifold. These textures describe skyrmion lattices ofN-component fermions in a quantising magnetic field, relevant to the physics of graphene, bilayer and other multicomponent quantum Hall systems near integer filling factorsν > 1. We derive analytically the optimality condition, minimizing topological charge density fluctuations, for a general Grassmannian sigma modelGr(M,N)on a sphere and a torus, together with counting arguments which show that for any filling factor and number of components there is a critical value of topological chargedcabove which there are no optimal textures. Belowdca solution of the optimality condition on a torus is unique, while in the case of a sphere one has, in general, a continuum of solutions corresponding to new non-Goldstone zero modes, whose degeneracy is not lifted (via a order from disorder mechanism) by any fermion interactions depending only on the distance on a sphere. We supplement our general theoretical considerations with the exact analytical results for the case ofGr(2,4), appropriate for recent experiments in graphene.
Tunable, stable, and reversible n-type doping of MoS2 via thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Authors: Sunwoo Hyeyeon , Choi Woong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Here, we report a highly stable and reversible n-type doping of monolayer MoS2 using thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements as well as the device performance of the MoS2 transistors suggested a stronger n-type doping effect with increasing time and temperature of the thermal treatment in NMP. Within the given time (5–60 min) and temperature (50 °C–110 °C), the surface treatment in NMP provided an electron concentration from 6 × 1010 to 2 × 1012 cm−2. Owing to the n-type doping effect, the thermal treatment in NMP reduced the contact resistance and enhanced the field-effect mobility of the MoS2 transistors. The n-type doping via thermal treatment in NMP remained effective for more than 12 months in ambient air, and could be completely removed after immersion in isopropanol. These results demonstrate that thermal treatment in NMP can be a facile and effective route to achieve stable and reversible doping of two-dimensional materials including MoS2 for their applications in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
Snap-through of graphene nanowrinkles under out-of-plane compression
Authors: Ma Chengpeng , Zhang Yingchao , Jiao Shuping , Liu Mingchao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanowrinkles (i.e. the buckled nanoribbons) are widely observed in nano-devices assembled by two-dimensional (2D) materials. The existence of nanowrinkles significantly affects the physical (such as mechanical, electrical and thermal) properties of 2D materials, and thus further, impedes the applications of those devices. In this paper, we take the nanowrinkle formed in a monolayer graphene as a model system to study its deformation behaviours, especially the configuration evolution and the snap-through buckling instabilities, when subjected to the out-of-plane compression. By performing molecular dynamics simulation, the graphene nanowrinkles with or without self-adhesion (which are notated as ‘clipped’ state or ‘bump’ state, respectively) are obtained depending on the geometric size and the applied axial compressive pre-strain. The elastica theory is employed to quantify the shape of ‘bump’ nanowrinkles, as well as the critical condition of the transition between ‘clipped’ and ‘bump’ states. By applying out-of-plane compression to the generated graphene nanowrinkle, it flips to an opposite configuration via snap-through buckling. We identify four different buckling modes according to the configuration evolution. An unified phase diagram is constructed to describe those buckling modes. For the cases with negligible van der Waals interaction getting involved in the snap-buckling process, i.e. without self-adhesion, the force–displacement curves for nanowrinkles with same axial pre-strain but different sizes can be scaled to collapse. Moreover, the critical buckling loads can also be scaled and predicted by the extended elastica theory. Otherwise, for the cases with self-adhesion, which corresponds to the greater axial pre-strain, the van der Waals interaction makes the scaling collapse break down. It is expected that the analysis about the snap-through buckling of graphene nanowrinkles reported in this work will advance the understanding of the mechanical behaviours of wrinkled 2D materials and promote the design of functional nanodevices, such as nanomechanical resonators and capacitors.
An effective edge conductivity for reducing staircasing error in induced electric field computation for low-frequency magnetic field dosimetry
Authors: Diao Yinliang , Zhang Lianlong , Shi Dan , Hirata Akimasa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. In the low-frequency exposure (<100 kHz), the induced electric field strength is used as a metric for assessment for human protection. Unlike radio-frequency exposure (>MHz), the computational assessment suffers from staircasing error in biological objects. The international guidelines consider additional reduction factor of 3 when setting the limit. Here we propose a new method to reduce the staircasing error in the skin for low-frequency magnetic field dosimetry of voxelized body models. Approach. We have proposed a new method considering the filling ratio of the skin tissue to the air–skin and skin–fat interfaces to determine an effective conductivity for each voxel edge. The proposed method was applied to voxel head models exposed to a uniform magnetic field at 50 Hz. After validation using layered spherical models with several resolutions, anatomical head models are used for further verification. Main results. A comparison of maximum electric field strengths with analytic solutions in two-layer sphere models suggested that the differences in the proposed approach were less than 5.6%, which was smaller than those without the proposal of 26.7%. The distribution of the skin electric field become smoother using the proposed approach, and the staircasing effects were almost unobservable from the field distributions. Significance. The proposed method suggests vital implications for determining induced electric fields in the skin, which is needed to set the limit for human protection from low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The method would be useful when setting the reduction factor and limit in the exposure guidelines and standard.
A new database with annotations of P waves in ECGs with various types of arrhythmias
Authors: Saclova Lucie , Nemcova Andrea , Smisek Radovan , Smital Lukas , Vitek Martin , Ronzhina Marina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study is to create a database for the development, evaluation and objective comparison of algorithms for P wave detection in ECG signals. Brno University of Technology ECG Signal Database with Annotations of P-Wave (BUT PDB) is an ECG signal database with marked peaks of P waves annotated by ECG experts. Currently, there are only a few databases of pathological ECG signals with P-wave annotations, and some are incorrect. Approach. The pathological ECG signals used in this work were selected from three existing databases of ECG signals: MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, MIT-BIH Supraventricular Arrhythmia Database and Long Term AF Database. The P-wave positions were manually annotated by two ECG experts in all selected signals. Main results. The final BUT PDB composed of selected signals consists of 50 two-minute, two-lead pathological ECG signal records with annotated P waves. Each record also contains a description of the diagnosis (pathology) present in the selected part of the record and information about positions and types of QRS complexes. Significance. The BUT PDB is created for developing new, more accurate and robust methods for P wave detection. These algorithms will be used in medical practice and will help cardiologists to evaluate ECG records, establish diagnoses and save time.
Impact of ActiGraph sampling rate on free-living physical activity measurement in youth
Authors: Clevenger Kimberly A , Brønd Jan C , Mackintosh Kelly A , Pfeiffer Karin A , Montoye Alexander H K , McNarry Melitta A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ActiGraph sampling frequencies of more than 30 Hz may result in overestimation of activity counts in both children and adults, but research on free-living individuals has not included the range of sampling frequencies used by researchers. Objective. We compared count- and raw-acceleration-based metrics from free-living children and adolescents across a range of sampling frequencies. Approach. Participants (n = 445; 10–15 years of age) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for at least one 10 h day. Vector magnitude counts, mean amplitude deviation, monitor-independent movement summary units, and activity intensity classified using six methods (four cut-points, two-regression model, and artificial neural network) were compared between 30 Hz and 60, 80, 90, and 100 Hz sampling frequencies using mean absolute differences, correlations, and equivalence testing. Main results. All outcomes were statistically equivalent, and correlation coefficients were ≥0.970. Absolute differences were largest for the 30 versus 80 and 30 versus 100 Hz count comparisons. For comparisons of 30 with 60, 80, 90, or 100 Hz, mean (and maximum) absolute differences in minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 (0.4 to 1.5), 0.3 to 1.3 (1.6 to 8.6), 0.1 to 0.3 (1.1 to 2.5), and 0.3 to 2.5 (1.6 to 14.3) across the six classification methods. Significance. Acceleration-based outcomes are comparable across the full range of sampling rates and therefore recommended for future research. If using counts, we recommend a multiple of 30 Hz because using a 100 Hz sampling rate resulted in large maximum individual differences and epoch-level differences, and increasing differences with activity level.
Bronchodilator effect on regional lung function in pediatric viral lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Strodthoff Claas , Kähkönen Toni , Bayford Richard H , Becher Tobias , Frerichs Inéz , Kallio Merja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are the leading cause for acute admission to the intensive care unit in infants and young children. Nebulized bronchodilators are often used when treating the most severe cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the bronchodilator effect on respiratory mechanics during intensive care with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and to assess the feasibility of EIT in this context. Approach. We continuously monitored the children with chest EIT for up to 72 h in an observational study design. The treatment decisions were done by clinical assessment, as the clinicians were blinded to the EIT information during data collection. In a retrospective analysis, clinical parameters and regional expiratory time constants determined by EIT were used to assess the effects of bronchodilator administration, especially regarding airway resistance. Main results. We included six children from 11 to 27 months of age requiring intensive care due to viral LRTI and receiving bronchodilator agents. Altogether 131 bronchodilator administrations were identified during EIT monitoring. After validation of the exact timing of events and EIT data quality, 77 administrations were included in the final analysis. Fifty-five bronchodilator events occurred during invasive ventilation and 22 during high-flow nasal cannulae treatment. Only 17% of the bronchodilator administrations resulted in a relevant decrease in calculated expiratory time constants. Significance. Continuous monitoring with EIT might help to optimize the treatment of LRTI in pediatric intensive care units. In particular, EIT-based regional expiratory time constants would allow objective assessment of the effects of bronchodilators and other respiratory therapies.