bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of freshwater salinization on a salt‐naïve planktonic eukaryote community
Authors: Astorg Louis , Gagnon Jean‐Christophe , Lazar Cassandre S. , Derry Alison M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFreshwater salinization is a widespread issue, but evidence of ecological effects on aquatic communities remains scarce. We experimentally exposed salt‐naive plankton communities of a north‐temperate, freshwater lake to a gradient of chloride (Cl−) concentration (0.27–1400 mg Cl L−1) with in situ mesocosms. Following 6 weeks, we measured changes in the diversity, composition, and abundance of eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene. Total phytoplankton biomass remained unchanged, but we observed a shift in dominant phytoplankton groups with increasing salt concentration, from Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta at lower chloride concentrations (< 185 mg Cl− L−1) to Ochrophyta at higher chloride concentrations (> 185 mg Cl− L−1). Crustacean zooplankton and rotifers were sensitive to the salinity, and disappeared at low chloride concentrations (< 40 mg Cl− L−1). While ciliates thrived at low chloride concentrations (< 185 mg Cl− L−1), fungal groups dominated at intermediate chloride concentrations (185–640 mg Cl− L−1), and only phytoplankton remained at the highest chloride concentrations (> 640 mg Cl− L−1).
The oxidation behavior of nickel‐based alloy Inconel 617 in supercritical water
Authors: Zhong Li , Xiao Bo , Su Chao , Khan Hasan I. , Xu Hong , Zhang Naiqiang , Zhu Zhongliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Inconel 617 in supercritical water has been analyzed at 600°C–650°C and 25 MPa for up to 1000 h. The time dependence of the oxidation rate indicated that the oxidation kinetics follows parabolic law. Many fine oxide crystallites were observed at the surface of Inconel 617 while the thickness of the oxide increased with an increase of exposure temperature and time. The Inconel 617 exhibited excellent oxidation resistance due to the formation of Cr2O3. Furthermore, NiFe2O4, NiCr2O4, and CoO were also detected at 600°C while TiO2, NiFe2O4, and NiCr2O4 were detected at 650°C by using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The formation mechanism of the oxide film is discussed.
Corrosion behavior of tin‐phosphor bronze strips in environments containing Cl− and HCO3−
Authors: Luo Chengsheng , Su Longshui , Wang Chen , Tong Changqing , Zhou Jianhui , Wang Bingshu , Chen Junfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behaviors of Cu–7.42Sn–0.156P and Cu–5.78Sn–0.162P alloys in different solutions were investigated. The results show that the Cu–Sn–P alloy with higher Sn content exhibits better corrosion resistance. In the NaCl, NaHCO3, and NaCl+NaHCO3 solutions, compared with Cu–5.78Sn–0.162P alloy, the corrosion current densities of Cu–7.42Sn–0.156P alloy are reduced by 25.2%, 36.9%, and 34.5%, and the polarization resistances are increased by 32.0%, 25.4%, and 29.9%. The Cu–Sn–P alloys have the best corrosion resistance in the NaHCO3 solution, followed by the NaCl solution and the worst in the NaCl + NaHCO3 solution. The increase of Sn is helpful to improve the density and spalling resistance of the corrosion film. There is a double‐layer structure for the corrosion film of Cu–Sn–P alloy. For the alloys immersed in the NaCl solution and the NaCl+NaHCO3 solutions, the corrosion films consisted of Cu2O, CuO, and SnO2. For the alloys immersed in the NaHCO3 solution, the corrosion films are composed of Cu2O, CuO, SnO, and SnO2. The increase of Sn content in the alloy can increase the contents of Cu2O and SnO in the corrosion films.
Galvanostatic testing of coated aluminum alloy 7075‐T6 galvanic assemblies: Effects of coating systems and environmental factors
Authors: Jokar Mahdi , Frankel Gerald S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA galvanostatic test panel design consisting of a coated and scribed 7075‐T6 Al alloy as a working electrode and an uncoated through‐hole 316 stainless‐steel fastener as a counter electrode has been used to accelerate galvanic corrosion and compare various primer coatings and pretreatments and different impressed passed currents in an ASTM G85‐A2 environment. The relative humidity, chloride concentration, and impressed current magnitude were changed to investigate their effects on galvanic corrosion. During the chamber exposure, the electrochemical measurements showed fluctuations in the measured current and potential. Various corrosion morphologies, depths, and volume loss were recorded for panels with different coating systems. Electrochemical measurements, optical profilometry, and photography were used to characterize and measure the corrosion performance of different coating systems. Also, electrochemical impedance spectrometry was used to compare the corrosion resistance and porosity of different coating systems.
Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Enhanced Polymers via Interlayer Welding
Authors: Zhu Guangda , Hou Yi , Xu Jian , Zhao Ning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) 3D printing is advantageous in high printing efficiency and printing resolution for fabricating complex structures across various applications. However, the layer‐by‐layer curing manner of DLP leads to weak interlayer adhesion and the anisotropic mechanical properties of printed objects. Here, linear polymers are introduced into commercial resins to weld the interlayer by the diffusion and entanglement of linear polymers after DLP printing via heat treatment. This introduction of linear polymers not only shows a strengthening and toughening effect on the printed objects, but also has no negative impact on the DLP printability. The tensile strengths of objects containing 4.7 wt% polycaprolactone can reach up to ≈500% of that of neat samples in any printing direction. This simple strategy by adding linear polymers into printing resins provides an effective access to prepare DLP printed objects with improved mechanical properties as well as ensure printing resolution and printing efficiency.
Study of environmental behavior and its effect on solid particle erosion behavior of hierarchical porous activated carbon‐epoxy composite
Authors: Panchal Manoj , Minugu Om Prakash , Gujjala Raghavendra , Ojha Shakuntala , Mallampati Chowdary Somaiah , Mohammad Alamgir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPorous carbon materials have versatile physical and chemical characteristics; however, these materials are not be fully exploited as reinforcements in polymer composites. The present investigation focuses on extraction of hierarchical porous carbon and its utilization in polymer composite in order to enhance the erosion wear resistance and hardness of polymer composite. The current research work also demonstrates the wear behavior of the hierarchical porous carbon epoxy composite when exposed to different environmental conditions. The attributes of hierarchical carbon have verified through different characterization techniques, further porous carbon with optimum properties has been included as reinforcement in different ratios viz. 1, 2 and 3 wt. % to make the epoxy composites. The composites were studied for their hardness, moisture absorption and erosion wear behavior at variable impingement angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and impingement velocities (101, 119, and 148 m/s). Moisture uptake results suggests that the increase in filler percentage increased the moisture absorption, and the highest moisture absorption was reported in composite immersed in saline water environment. It was observed that addition of activated carbon particles has enhanced hardness and wear resistance of the composite. Composite with 2 wt.% particulate reinforcement was found to be the optimum percentage of reinforcement which was subjected to 82.4% less material loss that is, erosion rate at 45° impact angle compared to neat polymer. From the erosion wear results it was further noticed that moisture absorption has deteriorated the erosion wear resistance of composites resulting in high material loss.
Effects of Brønsted acid cocatalysts on the activities and selectivities of charge‐enhanced thiourea organocatalysts in Friedel–Crafts and oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reactions
Authors: Riegel George F. , Payne Curtis , Kass Steven R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCharge‐enhanced chiral thioureas were used in the organocatalysis of the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole with trans‐β‐nitrostyrene and the oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction of tryptophol and benzaldehyde. The effects of substoichiometric Brønsted acidic additives on the reaction conversions and enantiomeric ratios of these transformations were examined, and the role of these species in the mechanism of the latter reaction was explored using variable time normalization kinetics to elucidate the reaction order of the catalyst, cocatalyst, and reagents. A proposed pathway for the oxa‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization that involves matched and mismatched catalyst and cocatalyst pairs and an off‐cycle racemization of the latter species is provided.
Ethnoracial disparities in intergenerational coresidence among Canadian millennial
Authors: Dilmaghani Maryam , Akbari Ather 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing the Canadian Census of 2016 and restricting the sample to the Canadian‐born millennials, this paper is concerned with ethnoracial disparities in adult children's coresidence with their parents. Substantial disparities are found in the prevalence of intergenerational coresidence by race and ethnic origin. Rather surprisingly, Canadian‐born millennials of Chinese, Japanese and Korean descent are found the least likely to coreside with their parents than their counterparts in other ethnoracial groups. There is little gender difference in this regard. Further exploration shows that millennials of Chinese, Japanese and Korean descent are much more likely than others to be geographically mobile across Canada, and this greater mobility drives the gaps. In other words, the lower intergenerational coresidence among Canadian millennials of Chinese, Japanese and Korean descent also implies a lower intergenerational proximity among these groups. Future implications of the findings for local labour and housing markets, as well as the healthcare system, are discussed in light of the Confucian concept of filial piety.
Pressure‐Driven Magneto‐Topological Phase Transition in a Magnetic Weyl Semimetal
Authors: Zeng Qingqi , Sun Hongyi , Shen Jianlei , Yao Qiushi , Zhang Qian , Li Nana , Jiao Lin , Wei Hongxiang , Felser Claudia , Wang Yonggang , Liu Qihang , Liu Enke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of phase transitions with local and global order parameters, such as entangled magnetization and topological invariants, is attractive but seldom realized experimentally. In this study, a magneto‐topological phase transition (magneto‐TPT), that is, the phenomenon of magnetic materials undergoing different magnetic and topological phases during pressure loading, is investigated. By considering both out‐of‐plane ferromagnetic and in‐plane antiferromagnetic components, it is discovered that the calculated results fit well with the experimental data. The calculation results further reveal a pristine Weyl phase with four additional pairs of Weyl nodes under low pressure, and a generally defined Z2 topological insulator phase after the restoration of time‐reversal symmetry at 40.4 GPa. The transport measurements performed at 5 K reveal that the magnetic order almost vanishes at 40.3 GPa, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Moreover, the present magneto‐TPT involves the degeneration of a pair of crossing bands of two spin channels. Hence, all the chiral Weyl nodes annihilate with their counterparts from another spin channel, in contrast to the typical intraband annihilation of Weyl pairs in inversion‐asymmetric systems. The study reveals a method for realizing diverse topological states by modulating exchange splitting by external physical knobs such as pressure in topological magnets.
Management of large dilute plumes of chloroethenes and 1,4‐dioxane via monitored natural attenuation (MNA) and MNA augmentation
Authors: Rhea Lee K. , Clark Catherine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractManagement of large, dilute groundwater plumes of comingled chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) and 1,4‐dioxane (dioxane) is problematic due to chemical, hydrogeologic and economic concerns. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has conducted research on the management of CVOC plumes for many years, and more recently dioxane. US EPA research on monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of CVOC plumes was reviewed by a science advisory board in 2001. Specific additional research was recommended and has been addressed in a series of US EPA reports produced over almost two decades. These reports are summarized in this document along with supporting information including evidence of biological degradation of dioxane. Based on the summarized reports, US EPA work documented elsewhere, and the work of others, under appropriate conditions MNA or augmented MNA remain viable management options for these plumes. Unlike MNA of plumes containing only CVOCs, however, MNA of large dilute comingled plumes should be expected to occur by cometabolic oxidation rather than direct metabolic processes.
Mesoporous Gamma‐Alumina‐Supported Mo Catalysts: Effect of Calcination Temperature
Authors: Yue Shengnan , Yin Zequn , Zou Xingli , Zou Xiujing , Lu Xionggang , Wang Xueguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMesoporous γ‐Al2O3‐supported Mo oxides precursors were prepared by one‐step hydrolysis method without organic template at different calcination temperatures (MoOx/γ‐MA‐T) from 400 to 700 °C. Then MoS2 catalysts (MoS2/γ‐MA‐T) were obtained from the precursors through in‐situ sulfurization and applied for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). Effects of precursors calcination temperature on physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of catalysts were systematically investigated. With the increase of calcination temperature, the strength of metal‐support interactions and slab lengths of MoS2 increased. The slab stacks were inhibited by the strengthened strong interaction, leading to the reduction of edge/rim sites ratio that are favour for the HDS reaction. Appropriate calcination temperature (500 °C) could make the MoS2/γ‐MA‐500 possess favourable pore structure, particle dispersion, and edge/rim sites ratio, which were conducive to the mass transfer process of reactants and products, and lowered the carbon deposition rate, thus improving its catalytic activity, stability and direct hydrogenolysis desulfurization selectivity.
Plasticizing Effect of Ionic Liquid on Poly (vinyl alcohol) with Different Degrees of Polymerization
Authors: Wang Chao , Zou Liming , Wang Huajun , Wang Yanli , Chen Deqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol) (TPVA) was successfully prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr). Plasticizing effect of the degree of polymerization (DP) on PVA was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and melt flow indexer (MI). It was found that new hydrogen bonds between PVA and BMIMBr were formed, which was confirmed by the‐OH shift of PVA in FT‐IR analysis. XRD analysis showed that the original lattice and more irregular molecular chain structures in the amorphous region of PVA were destroyed effectively, which was conducive to the decrease of degree of crystallinity. Moreover, the plasticizing effect decreased with the increase of DP duo to more molecular entanglements in PVA. TPVA‐1799 possessed the largest thermal processing window and best melt flowability, which was significant for melt spinning in the future.
Introduction of 3‐Hydroxypropionate Moieties to Polystyrene by “Graft Through” Strategy
Authors: Savaş Bedrettin , Çatıker Efkan , Öztürk Temel , Meyvacı Ergül 
Published: February 2022

Abstract3‐hydroxypropionate moieties grafted polystyrene [poly(S‐g‐3HP)] was prepared by sequentially applying the hydrogen‐transfer polymerization (HTP) and the free‐radical polymerization (FRP) via “grafting through” strategy. For this purpose, oligomeric poly(3‐hydroxypropionate) with vinyl end‐group (P3HP) was prepared via HTP of acrylic acid in the presence of tNaBuO as an alkaline catalyst. Then, the oligomeric P3HP was used as a comonomer in the FRP of styrene yielding the poly(S‐g‐3HP) copolymer, namely chemically modified polystyrene. 1H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, TGA, GPC, and MALDI MS techniques were applied to confirm the structures of both the oligomer and modified polystyrene. Glass transition temperatures of the modified polystyrene samples were found to be decreased from 103 to 84 °C depending upon the amount of 3‐hydroxypropionate (3HP) moieties. Solution‐cast films were prepared by the polystyrene homopolymer and modified polystyrenes. The contact angle values were determined to decrease gradually from 87.5 to 53.7° with increasing the amount of the 3HP moiety grafted polystyrene.
Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution of InP Quantum Dots for Green Light Emission by Synthesis in Micro‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Okamoto Akihito , Toda Shintaro , Hirakawa Masaaki , Bai Haruki , Tanaka Michiyo , Seino Satoshi , Nakagawa Takashi , Murakami Hirohiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs), with their superior efficiency, color purity, and color controllability, are expected to be applied in next generation displays and other devices. The development of methods to synthesize QDs still provide equivalent or better performance without restricted substances such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) is a meaningful challenge. In this study, InP QDs were synthesized using the micro‐flow reactor (MFR) with an extremely high rate of temperature change to shorten the nucleation time and avoid Ostwald ripening during QD synthesis. As a result, the particle size distribution was narrowed and the emission full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) was reduced to less than 40 nm. While other related studies have tried complex methods, in our efforts, it was achieved by using the simple MFR. These results can accelerate the application of InP QDs as a promising option for commercially viable QDs.
To Be or Not to Be – Review of Electrical Bistability Mechanisms in Polymer Memory Devices
Authors: Paul Febin , Paul Shashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic memory devices are a rapidly evolving field with much improvement in device performance, fabrication, and application. But the reports have been disparate in terms of the material behavior and the switching mechanisms in the devices. And, despite the advantages, the lack of agreement in regards to the switching behavior of the memory devices is the biggest challenge that the field must overcome to mature as a commercial competitor. This lack of consensus has been the motivation of this work wherein various works are compiled together to understand influencing factors in the memory devices. Different works are compared together to discover some clues about the nature of the switching occurring in the devices, along with some missing links that would require further investigation. The charge storage mechanism is critically analyzed alongside the various resistive switching mechanisms such as filamentary conduction, redox‐based switching, metal oxide switching, and other proposed mechanisms. The factors that affect the switching process are also analyzed including the effect of nanoparticles, the effect of the choice of polymer, or even the effect of electrodes on the switching behavior and the performance parameters of the memory device.
Investigations on the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of Sb2O3 Nanobelts by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zheng Yifan , Zhang Zhi , Liu Weifeng , Wu Yonghui , Fu Xiutao , Li Luying , Su Jun , Gao Yihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSb2O3 shows great promise as a high‐capacity anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to the combined mechanisms of intercalation, conversion, and alloying. In this work, the electrochemical performance and mechanical property of Sb2O3 nanobelts during sodiation/desodiation are revealed by constructing nanoscale solid‐state SIBs in a high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the Sb2O3 nanobelt exhibits an ultrahigh sodiation speed of ≈13.5 nm s−1 and experiences a three‐step sodiation reaction including the intercalation reaction to form NaxSb2O3, the conversion reaction to form Sb, and the alloying reaction to form NaSb. The alloying reaction is found to be reversible, while the conversion reaction is partially reversible. The Sb2O3 nanobelt shows anisotropic expansion and the orientation of the Sb2O3 nanobelt has great influence on the expansion ratio. It is found that the existence of a {010} plane with large d‐spacing in the nanobelt leads to a surprisingly small expansion ratio (≈5%). The morphology of the Sb2O3 nanobelt is well maintained during multiple electrochemical cycles. In situ bending experiments suggest that the sodiated Sb2O3 nanobelts show improved toughness and flexibility compared to pristine Sb2O3 nanobelts. These fundamental studies provide insight into the rational design of anode materials with improved electrochemical and mechanical performance in SIBs.
A Translanguaging Read‐Aloud
Authors: Kelly Laura Beth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis teaching tip describes a translanguaging read‐aloud protocol. In a translanguaging read‐aloud, teachers and students interact with a text (either a bilingual text or a monolingual one) in multiple languages. Teachers plan explanations, questions, and other interactions in multiple languages to amplify and clarify the text. Teachers can adapt these read‐alouds to different purposes such as blending languages in a read‐aloud to accommodate a mix of linguistic backgrounds in the same class or using a more familiar language to make a text written in a less familiar language comprehensible to students.
5 key strategies lessen regulatory hurdles for international students
Authors: Sanford Amy Aldridge , Raj Rishi 
Published: February 2022

A little more than 1 million students with international student or scholar visas are currently enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, making up nearly 6% of all postsecondary enrollment within the country. NAFSA, the world's largest professional association dedicated to international education, reported that in 2019–2020 alone, international students contributed $38.7 billion to the U.S. economy (read more at https://bit.ly/3AfNCla).