bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of antioxidant and flavour characteristics of Maillard reaction products from five types of protein hydrolysates
Authors: Habinshuti Ildephonse , Zhang Miao , Sun Hong‐Nan , Mu Tai‐Hua 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAntioxidant, structural, and flavour characteristics of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) prepared from different hydrolysates of sweet potato protein (SPPH), potato protein (PPH), soy protein isolate (SPIH), egg white protein (EWPH), and whey protein isolate (WPIH) were compared. WPIH‐MRPs exhibited the highest Maillard reaction (MR) progress followed by SPPH‐MRPs as indicated by the lowest pH (4.95 and 5.10, respectively) and the highest fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05). The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) explained the significant changes in functional groups of peptides after MR, especially in WPIH‐MRPs and SPPH‐MRPs. The highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of 125.24 µg TE (Trolox equivalents)/mL was observed for WPIH‐MRPs, followed by SPPH‐MRPs with an ORAC value of 104.07 µg TE/mL (P < 0.05). MR conferred an increase of sweetness, sourness, and umami attributes and reduction of bitterness for all MRPs, and WPIH‐MRPs presented the highest umami taste score of 7.4, followed by SPPH‐MRPs with a taste score of 7.1. Stronger umami taste was correlated with MW 200–500 and <200 Da peptides. No acrylamide was detected in SPPH‐MRPs, which also presented less 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and Nε‐(1‐Carboxymethyl)‐L‐lysine (CML) compared to WPIH‐MRPs. Thus, MRPs derived from SPPH could be an alternative way for natural flavours’ production with improved antioxidant activity and less harmful compounds.
Purification, characterisation and antioxidant properties of a novel polysaccharide from Physalis pubescens L. fruits
Authors: Gao Pinyi , Zhang Xingyue , Wang Ziwei , Liu Changfeng , Xu Shuangshuang , Bian Jun , Yue Dandan , Li Danqi , Zhang Lixin , Liu Xuegui 
Published: March 2022

SummaryConsidering the medicinal and edible properties of Physalis pubescens L. fruit, the plant has a long history of cultivation in China. In the current study, a novel polysaccharide (PPL‐1) was successfully obtained from P. pubescens fruits using multi‐column techniques. The chemical characterisation of the polysaccharide was achieved by acid hydrolysis, determination of weight average molecular mass, thermogravimetric and Smith degradation analyses, in addition to ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. According to the structural analyses, PPL‐1 consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, fructose, mannose and glucose with a relative molar ratio of 0.39:0.12:0.02:0.03:0.44. The average molecular weight of PPL‐1 was 7.3 kDa and it was mainly composed of (1 → 3) and (1 → 6) linkages. PPL‐1 exhibited not only scavenging effects on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) free radicals but also hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress in SH‐SY5Y cells effectively by decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity levels.
Volatile and non‐volatile compound profiles of commercial sweet pickled mango and its correlation with consumer preference
Authors: Indrati Niken , Sumpavapol Punnanee , Samakradhamrongthai Rajnibhas Sukeaw , Phonsatta Natthaporn , Poungsombat Patcha , Khoomrung Sakda , Panya Atikorn 
Published: March 2022

SummarySweet pickled mango named Ma‐Muang Bao Chae‐Im is a traditional preserved mango from Hat Yai, Thailand. This study investigated (I) volatile and non‐volatile compound profiles of commercial Ma‐Muang Bao Chae‐Im and (II) their relationship to consumer preference. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed by gas chromatography‐mass quadrupole‐time of flight analysis. There were 117 volatile and 44 non‐volatile compounds annotated in six commercial brands of Ma‐Muang Bao Chae‐Im. Furthermore, 46 volatile and 19 non‐volatile compounds’ discriminant markers were found by Partial least square discriminant analysis. Among those markers, sorbic and benzoic acid were observed in several brands; moreover, the combination of both compounds altered the volatile profile, especially the ester group. Partial least square regression revealed that overall consumer liking is correlated to 1‐heptanol; 1‐octanol; acetoin; acetic acid, 2‐phenylethyl ester; D‐manitol; terpenes and terpenoids, while firmness to sucrose and L‐(‐)‐sorbofuranose. On the other hand, most ester compounds were not related to consumer preference.
Effects of dietary fibre and soybean oil on the digestion of extruded and roller‐dried maize starch
Authors: Cheng Yong , Guan Yanming , Guo Fengxian , Wang Zhaojun , Zeng Maomao , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , Li Weiwei , He Zhiyong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe effects of soybean dietary fibre (SDF), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), konjac glucomannan (KGM), soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) and soybean oil (SO) on in vitro digestion of extruded maize starch (EMS) and roller‐dried maize starch (RDMS) samples were investigated. Adding MCC, particularly in high doses, induced slow digestion in EMS and RDMS samples, but not after adding SDF. KGM and SSPS addition reduced starch hydrolysis of RDMS but did not have a significant effect on EMS, whereas SO addition reduced starch hydrolysis of EMS but had no effect on RDMS. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the addition of MCC, SO, KGM (0.51%), and SSPS (0.51%) to EMS and KGM (0.51%) to RDMS were the best choices to slow the hydrolysis of starch, compared with that of other additives. These findings provide useful information on the selection of exogenous additives in the development of low glycaemic index products for maize starch.
Comparison of intergenerational income mobility in South Korea and the United States: Period changes between 1980‒1995 and 1996‒2015
Authors: Song Chiho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite attention in the literature of intergenerational mobility (IGM) and the welfare state, it remains unclear about how “small” welfare states, South Korea and the United States in particular, play a role in promoting levels of IGM. This article compares levels of IGM using intergenerational elasticity (IGE) of income as well as alternative mobility measures during two study periods (1980‒1995 and 1996‒2015) between Korea and the US. Data come from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study in Korea and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics in the US. The article found no period effects on IGE in both countries; however, the Korean IGE decreased and the US’s IGE increased. These results confirm that Korea is more mobile than the US. Implications for the observed between‐country differences in IGE levels in relation to sociocultural and institutional contexts of the welfare state are discussed.
Emotional creaming: Street‐level bureaucrats’ prioritisation of migrant clients ‘likely to succeed’ in labour market integration
Authors: Volckmar‐Eeg Maria Gussgard , Vassenden Anders 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAchieving equity in welfare provision depends on accurate understandings of the work of street‐level bureaucrats. We explore the role of emotions when caseworkers prioritise cases. While creaming of clients whom street‐level bureaucrats consider ‘likely to succeed’ is acknowledged as a way of rationing scarce resources, research tends to reject emotional involvement as bias, or neglect emotions in creaming‐practices. This may produce inaccurate portrayals of how street‐level bureaucrats prioritise cases. We challenge existing perspectives by bridging the literature on creaming and the sociology of emotions. We did ethnography and interviews with Norwegian caseworkers tasked with integrating migrant clients into the labour market. These caseworkers cream cases according to institutional/discursive understandings of ‘star candidates’ and rely on their emotions as embodied knowledge. We conceptualise such processes as emotional creaming, which unpacks a central, yet overlooked part of how street‐level bureaucrats prioritise cases. This modifies the depiction of emotions as mainly personal bias.
Negotiation for service contracting: incentives, bargaining power, and customer risk aversion
Authors: Li Dong , Li Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze negotiation of service contracts when an equipment user (customer) outsources product failure repair service to an MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) supplier. The customer is risk averse due to serious consequences of system disruption. The two parties negotiate pricing terms and repair rate. We model the bilateral negotiations under three types of service contract: (i) fixed‐fee contract under which the customer pays a lump sum, (ii) pay‐per‐repair contract under which the customer pays for each repair incident, and (iii) uptime‐based contract under which the customer pays for product uptime. We investigate how different incentives under each contract interact with agents' bargaining power and customer risk aversion in the negotiation process, both theoretically and numerically. Despite that previous studies have shown that fixed‐fee contract generally does not provide incentives for suppliers to invest in repair capacity while uptime‐based contract does, we find that under a bargaining framework fixed‐fee contract can result in the highest (yet suboptimal) repair rate. Furthermore, consensus on contract types may not be achieved between the two parties. For the supplier, uptime‐based contract can result in the highest payoff while pay‐per‐repair contract leads to the lowest. For the customer, it may prefer to choose pay‐per‐repair contract when it is less risk averse and when the supplier has more bargaining power. Our results show some unexplored merits of other types of contracts when the advantages of uptime‐based contract have been highly cited.
Factors affecting the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers in COVID‐19 patients admitted with a Braden scale below 14 in the intensive care unit: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Amini Mahin , Mansouri Feizollah , Vafaee Kamran , Janbakhsh Alireza , Mahdavikian Somayeh , Moradi Yasaman , Fallahi Masoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus (COVID‐19) has significantly increased the admission of patients with extensive complications, especially for respiratory support, to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. These patients also suffer from pressure ulcers (PUs) as another complication that occurs due to increased length of hospitalisation and acute conditions of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of PU and the factors affecting it in COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICUs. This cohort retrospective study used registry data in Imam Reza Hospital located in west of Iran. Four hundred and forty‐five COVID‐19 patients older than 20 years hospitalised in corona ICUs from 20 March 2020 to 30 December 2020, with a Braden score of less than 14 were included in the study. To investigate the relationship between variables in rate prevalence, univariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio, and for incidence rate in estimating PU risk generated in ICUs, hazard ratio was calculated using cox regression. One hundred and eighty‐three (41.12%) patients were male. The mean age of patients was 63 (SD = ±9.78) years. A total of 1152 cases of PU were generated, with the highest prevalence of PU with 234 cases in the sacrum. One hundred and seventy‐six (55.87%) patients underwent non‐invasive ventilation ulcers. The prevalence of PU was 79.7%. The highest prevalence was found in people over 80 years with 90.67%. The incidence ratio was 46.74%. The highest number of new cases was seen in diabetic patients with 60.96%. First‐degree ulcers were the most common degree of ulceration in 252 (55.38%) patients. Incidence and prevalence excluding first‐degree wounds were 24.04% and 49.66%, respectively. Age, Braden score, BMI, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, stool incontinence, Glasgow coma scale, vasopressor, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with PU (P < .05). The incidence and prevalence of PU in patients were high in this study. The length of hospitalisation and Braden score were the most important factors in the development of PU. The widespread prevalence of COVID‐19 and the relatively long stay of patients in the ICU created unfavourable conditions for patients and the treatment system, therefore, it emphasised the use of appropriate measures to prevent PU to avoid double costs and longer stays.
Outcomes of leadless pacemaker implantation in patients with mechanical heart valves
Authors: Loughlin Gerard , Pachón Marta , Martínez‐Sande José Luis , Ibáñez José Luis , Bastante Teresa , Osca Asensi Joaquín , González Melchor Laila , Martínez‐Martínez Juan Gabriel , Cuesta Javier , Arias Miguel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDevice infections constitute a major complication of transvenous pacemakers. Mechanical heart valves (MHV) increase the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and pacemaker infection, requiring lifelong vitamin K‐antagonists (VKA), which may affect patient management. Leadless pacemakers (LP) are associated with low infection rates, posing an attractive option in MHV patients requiring permanent pacing. This study describes outcomes following LP implantation in patients with MHV.MethodsThis is a multicenter, observational, retrospective study including consecutive patients implanted with an LP at 5 centers between June 2015 and January 2020. Procedural outcomes, antithrombotic management, complications, performance during follow‐up and episodes of bacteremia and IE were compared between patients with and without an MHV (MHV and non‐MHV groups).ResultsFour hundred fifty‐nine patients were included (74 in the MHV group, 16.1%, and 385 in the non‐MHV group, 83.9%). Procedural outcomes and acute electrical performance were comparable between groups. Vascular complications and cardiac perforation occurred in 2.7 versus 2.3% (p = 1) and 0% versus 0.8% (p = 1) in the MHV group and non‐MHV group. One case of IE occurred in the MHV group and 2 in the non‐MHV group. In MHV patients, uninterrupted VKA was used in 83.8%, whereas 16.2% were heparin‐bridged. Vascular complication or tamponade occurred in 1 (8.3%) MHV heparin‐bridged patient versus 1 (1.6%) MHV uninterrupted VKA patient (p = .3).ConclusionLP implantation outcomes in MHV patients are comparable to the general LP population. Device‐related infections are rare following LP implantation, including in patients with MHV. In the MHV group, periprocedural anticoagulation management was not associated with significantly different rates of tamponade or vascular complication.
LRG‐1 promotes fat graft survival through the RAB31‐mediated inhibition of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Ho Chia‐kang , Zheng Danning , Sun Jiaming , Wen Dongsheng , Wu Shan , Yu Li , Gao Ya , Zhang Yifan , Li Qingfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutologous adipose tissue is an ideal soft tissue filling material, and its biocompatibility is better than that of artificial tissue substitutes, foreign bodies and heterogeneous materials. Although autologous fat transplantation has many advantages, the low retention rate of adipose tissue limits its clinical application. Here, we identified a secretory glycoprotein, leucine‐rich‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein 1 (LRG‐1), that could promote fat graft survival through RAB31‐mediated inhibition of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. We showed that LRG‐1 injection significantly increased the maintenance of fat volume and weight compared with the control. In addition, higher fat integrity, more viable adipocytes and fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the LRG‐1‐treated groups. Furthermore, we discovered that LRG‐1 could reduce the ADSC apoptosis induced by hypoxic conditions. The mechanism underlying the LRG‐1‐mediated suppression of the ADSC apoptosis induced by hypoxia was mediated by the upregulation of RAB31 expression. Using LRG‐1 for fat grafts may prove to be clinically successful for increasing the retention rate of transplanted fat.
Molecular biomarker research in periodontology: A roadmap for translation of science to clinical assay validation
Authors: Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number of studies that aims to apply host‐ or microbe‐derived biochemical biomarkers to periodontal disease diagnosis has increased significantly during the last three decades. The biochemical markers can reflect the presence, severity, and activity of periodontal diseases; however, heterogeneities in applied laboratory methods, data presentation, statistical analysis, and data interpretation prevent the translation of candidate host‐ or microbe‐derived biochemical biomarkers to clinical assay validation. Here, we propose a roadmap for making the research outcomes comparable and re‐analysable with the ultimate goal of translating research to clinical practice. This roadmap presents reporting recommendations for host‐ or microbe‐derived biochemical biomarker studies in periodontology. We aim to make essential elements of the research work (including diagnostic criteria, clinical endpoint definitions, participant recruitment criteria, sample collection and storage techniques, biochemical and microbiological detection methods, and applied statistical analysis) visible and comparable.
Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability in classifying periodontitis according to the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases
Authors: Abrahamian Lory , Pascual‐LaRocca Andrés , Barallat Lucía , Valles Cristina , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Nart José , Figuero Elena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the inter‐examiner reliability in classifying periodontitis using the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, when used by postgraduate students, academics, and specialist clinicians trained in European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) postgraduate‐accredited programmes.Materials and MethodsAn online survey including five patients with periodontitis was sent twice to seven specialists in periodontology to provide the staging and grading characteristics. After agreeing on a “gold‐standard” classification, the same questionnaire was sent to 16 EFP and 73 AAP postgraduate programmes, to be answered by their faculty, graduates, and students. The responses were compared with the gold‐standard classification, and the inter‐examiner agreement was calculated.ResultsOne‐hundred and seventy‐four participants completed the survey. The inter‐examiner agreement resulted in 68.7% in assigning the stage, 82.4% in assigning the grade, and 75.5% in assigning the extent. The academic position and the experience of the participants did not have any significant influence on classifying periodontitis as the gold standard.ConclusionsThe use of the 2018 periodontitis classification resulted in high inter‐examiner reliability when used by a specialist group of clinicians, postgraduate students, and academicians, irrespective of their current position and experience. Given the low response rate and potential selection bias, results pertaining to the use of this system in classifying periodontitis should be interpreted with caution.
Comparison of periodontal wound healing/regeneration by recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 combined with β‐tricalcium phosphate, carbonate apatite, or deproteinized bovine bone mineral in a canine one‐wall intra‐bony defect model
Authors: Shirakata Yoshinori , Setoguchi Fumiaki , Sena Kotaro , Nakamura Toshiaki , Imafuji Takatomo , Shinohara Yukiya , Iwata Masayuki , Noguchi Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration of one‐wall intra‐bony defects treated with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in dogs.Materials and MethodsThe stability of rhFGF‐2 adsorbed onto the bone substitutes was evaluated by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). One‐wall intra‐bony defects (5 × 5 × 5 mm) created in five adult male beagle dogs were treated with rhFGF‐2 alone (rhFGF‐2), rhFGF‐2 with β‐TCP (rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP), rhFGF‐2 with CO3Ap (rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap), or rhFGF‐2 with DBBM (rhFGF‐2/DBBM). Histological outcomes (e.g., linear length of new cementum adjacent to the newly formed bone with inserting collagen fibres [NA] as the primary outcome) were evaluated at 10 weeks post surgery.ResultsSignificantly higher amount of rhFGF‐2 was adsorbed onto CO3Ap compared with β‐TCP. Among the treatment groups, the rhFGF‐2/DBBM group showed the highest amount of periodontal tissue regeneration. The rhFGF‐2/DBBM group showed significantly greater formation of NA (3.22 ± 0.40 mm) compared with rhFGF‐2 (1.17 ± 1.00 mm, p < .01) group. Additionally, new bone area in the rhFGF‐2/DBBM group (9.78 ± 2.30 mm2) was significantly higher than that in the rhFGF‐2 (5.08 ± 1.26 mm2, p < .01), rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP (5.91 ± 1.27 mm2, p < .05), and rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap (6.51 ± 1.49 mm2, p < .05) groups. Slight ankylosis was found in the rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP (1/9 sites), rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap (3/10 sites), and rhFGF‐2/DBBM (1/9 sites) groups.ConclusionsWithin their limitations, the present data indicate that DBBM seems to be a suitable carrier for rhFGF‐2 and that rhFGF‐2/DBBM treatment promotes favourable periodontal regeneration compared with rhFGF‐2, rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP, and rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap treatments in one‐wall intra‐bony defects.
Climate change effects on the global distribution and range shifts of citrus longhorned beetle Anoplophora chinensis
Authors: Zhou Yuting , Ge Xuezhen , Liu Jenny , Zou Ya , Guo Siwei , Wang Tao , Zong Shixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe citrus longhorned beetle (CLB) (Anoplophora chinensis) is an important quarantine pest of main Citrus crops. Its potential distribution and invasion under climate change scenarios have important economic implications for many countries. We used the ensemble maps from both the CLIMEX and MaxEnt models to obtain CLB’s potential distribution in climate‐suitable regions under historical and future climate conditions. Global broadleaved forest cover was overlaid with CLB’s ensemble distributions to further assess the effects of host range. The ensemble models’ projected climate‐suitable regions by 2040–2060 and 2060–2070 under different emission scenarios were used to analyze range shifts. Our results indicate that projected climate‐suitable regions of the CLIMEX are much wider than that of the MaxEnt, but both of them would lose areas with climate change. The global ensemble distributions of CLB concentrated in eastern Asia, central and western Europe and eastern North America, and would shift northward in the future time. Broadleaved forests would cover most of the projected climate‐suitable regions, which provide essential hosts for CLB’s establishment. The ensemble predictive results from the correlative model and mechanistic model highlight the necessity of increasing control, monitoring and quarantine efforts on the pest in the threatened areas.