bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging treatment prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: radioembolization or transarterial chemoembolization?
Authors: Benkö Tamás , König Julia , Theysohn Jens M. , Schotten Clemens , Saner Fuat H. , Treckmann Jürgen , Radunz Sonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, intraarterial therapies are regularly employed as a bridge to liver transplantation to prevent tumor progression during waiting time. Objective of this study was to compare HCC recurrence after liver transplantation following TACE or radioembolization bridging treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data on 131 consecutive HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation between January 2007 and December 2017 at our liver transplant center (radioembolizationn = 44, TACEn = 87). Multivariable logistic regression and cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with tumor recurrence and post-transplant survival.ResultsBetween groups, patients were comparable with regards to age and gender. In the radioembolization group, Milan criteria for HCC were met significantly less frequently (20.5% vs. 65.5%,p < 0.0001). Patients in the radioembolization group required significantly fewer intraarterial treatments (1 [1–2] vs. 1 [1–7],p = 0.0007). On explant specimen, tumor differentiation, microvascular invasion and tumor necrosis were comparable between the groups. HCC recurrence and overall survival were similar between the groups. Multivariable analysis detected increasing recipient age, male gender, complete tumor necrosis and absence of microvascular invasion being independently associated with decreased odds for HCC recurrence. Increasing model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and tumor recurrence were independently associated with increased odds of post-transplant death.ConclusionsIntraarterial bridging treatment leading to tumor necrosis may not only prevent waitlist drop-out but also facilitate long-term successful liver transplantation in HCC patients. Both radioembolization and TACE represent potent treatment strategies.
Hydrocephalus and the neuro-intensivist: CSF hydrodynamics at the bedside
Authors: Papaioannou Vasilios , Czosnyka Zofia , Czosnyka Marek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrocephalus (HCP) is far more complicated than a simple disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. HCP is a common complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and after craniectomy. Clinical measurement in HCP is mainly related to intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow. The ability to obtain quantitative variables that describe CSF dynamics at the bedside before potential shunting may support clinical intuition with a description of CSF dysfunction and differentiation between normal pressure hydrocephalus and brain atrophy. This review discusses the advanced research on HCP and how CSF is generated, stored and absorbed within the context of a mathematical model developed by Marmarou. Then, we proceed to explain the main quantification analysis of CSF dynamics using infusion techniques for deciding on definitive treatment. We consider that such descriptions of multiple parameters of measurements need to be significantly appreciated by the caring neuro-intensivist, for better understanding of the complex pathophysiology and clinical management and finally, improve of the prognosis of these patients with HCP.
Ethical principles of renal therapy rationing in Senegal
Authors: Faye Fatoumata Mbagnick , Audibert Martine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Since 2012, Senegal has conducted a national program to cover renal therapy (dialysis) expenses in public hospitals and social security-approved centers. Given the increasing demand for dialysis, national guidelines recommend explicit rationing through waiting lists, and hospitals have committees to determine whom to enroll. While national recommendations are known, criteria applied in hospitals to register patients remain unclear. Our study analyzes social justice principles used to ration renal therapy in government-owned centers and highlights inequalities caused by low access to treatment.

Methods
We conduct a multivariate logit regression analysis using data collected from patients in public and private centers to identify which socioeconomic or sociodemographic factors determine enrollment. Based on the average marginal effects of these factors on program enrollment, we hypothesize the justice principles applied (or not) in hospitals.

Results
We find that the duration of illness, insurance distribution, age, education, and involvement in patient associations influence program access. The duration of illness is the most robust predictor regardless of socioeconomic factors, which suggests the predominant application of egalitarian principles, notably the first-come-first-served rule. However, our findings indicate that the most impoverished patients do not have access to free dialysis.

Conclusions
Although the national dialysis program aims to improve access to costly life-sustaining treatment, the first-come-first-served strategy is designed to suit patients who live longer, that is, those who can seek dialysis care in a private center. The program does not address inequalities in access, especially for the most impoverished patients recently diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease.
Fertility decline and the emergence of excess female survival in post-reproductive ages in Italy
Authors: Salinari Gianbattista , De Santis Gustavo , Zarulli Virginia , Giuliani Cristina , Franceschi Claudio , Breschi Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Italy, at least in the cohorts born up to the beginning of the twentieth century, women’s mortality in post-reproductive ages was influenced by fertility, with large progenies (and, to a lesser extent, childlessness) leading to markedly lower survival chances. This relationship proved strong enough to affect the female-to-male ratio in old age as fertility declined. In this paper, we show that various measures of extra female survival at high ages are closely connected to the fertility transition in Italy, and to its peculiar historical and geographical evolution.
Effects of experience on recognition of speech produced with a face mask
Authors: Crinnion Anne Marie , Toscano Joseph C. , Toscano Cheyenne M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the past two years, face masks have been a critical tool for preventing the spread of COVID-19. While previous studies have examined the effects of masks on speech recognition, much of this work was conducted early in the pandemic. Given that human listeners are able to adapt to a wide variety of novel contexts in speech perception, an open question concerns the extent to which listeners have adapted to masked speech during the pandemic. In order to evaluate this, we replicated Toscano and Toscano (PLOS ONE 16(2):e0246842, 2021), looking at the effects of several types of face masks on speech recognition in different levels of multi-talker babble noise. We also examined the effects of listeners’ self-reported frequency of encounters with masked speech and the effects of the implementation of public mask mandates on speech recognition. Overall, we found that listeners’ performance in the current experiment (with data collected in 2021) was similar to that of listeners in Toscano and Toscano (with data collected in 2020) and that performance did not differ based on mask experience. These findings suggest that listeners may have already adapted to masked speech by the time data were collected in 2020, are unable to adapt to masked speech, require additional context to be able to adapt, or that talkers also changed their productions over time. Implications for theories of perceptual learning in speech are discussed.
Chromosomal studies on drug resistance genes in extended spectrum β-lactamases producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from equine
Authors: Fawzy Nehal M. , Abd Elmawgoud Shaimaa R. A. , El-Shafii Soumaya S. A. , Farag Azza N. , Osman Kamelia M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
K. pneumoniae is one of the most virulent and multidrug resistant bacteria, of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Studies conducted on the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in equine are lack in Egypt.

Results
The distribution pattern of ten drug resistance genes were investigated and analyzed among fifteen Klebsiella isolates (previously isolated, identified and antibiogram tested). The targeted determinant genes were coded on the chromosomes, conferring the resistance against β-lactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, in addition to the gene determinants of porin protein and efflux pump. The study revealed an incidence rate of 86.7, 100, 23, 7.7, 0, 0, 73.3, 40, 100 and 0% for the genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, qnrB, qnrS, aadA1, AcrAB and ompK35 respectively. The Extended Spectrum β-lactamase-production coding genes were detected in all strains with at least one of their genes. In addition, the efflux pump codding gene and mutation in porin protein gene, which are two important co-factors in the drug resistance mechanism were also detected in all strains. By investigating the association of the drug resistance determinants within a single strain, it was showed that 40% (6/15) of the strains harbored 5 associated genes, 27.7% (4/15) harbored 6 associated genes, 13.3% (2/15) harbored 4 and 7 genes as well and finally only 1 isolate harbored 3 determinants, with complete absence of strains having sole existence of one gene or even two. Pareto chart elucidated that the association of β-lactamases, AcrAB and Qnr with the mutation of the porin protein was the most existed (26.7%). Interestingly, the sequencing results of the CTX-M PCR amplicons were typed as OXY-5 (50%), CTX-M-15 (40%) and CTX-M-27 (10%).

Conclusions
The current study represented the first record of the drug resistance genes’ predominance and their association among the K. pneumoniae strains; recovered from equine in Egypt, offering a helpful guide for scientists seeking new alternatives other-than antibiotics.
Early rehabilitation program and weaning outcomes in critically ill chronic obstructed airway disease patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Shaaban Lamiaa , Abdeen Ashraf , Saleh Hend Mohamed , Mahran Safaa A. , Farghaly Shereen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the effectiveness of early rehabilitation program on mechanical ventilated COPD patient in RICU to those using current usual care regarding diaphragm function and weaning outcomes.

Methods
The study was a randomized controlled trial. It included 108 newly admitted COPD patients to RICU, Chest Department, Assiut University Hospital, Egypt, in the period from June 2018 to May 2020. They were divided into two groups: group Ι received the usual care plus pulmonary rehabilitation program, and group II received the usual care alone. The outcomes (MV duration, rates of successful weaning, diaphragm function, and lengths of hospital and ICU stay) were recorded and evaluated. The data was analyzed using Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi-square (χ2) test or Fisher Exact test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, and logistic regression analysis.

Results
One-hundred and eight COPD patients were included. Early rehabilitation program for COPD patients in the ICU shortened the duration of their MV, increases the rates of successful weaning and decreases 30-day mortality, and shortened the duration of their ICU and hospital stays, as compared to COPD patients who received usual care.

Conclusions
Management of COPD patients with early rehabilitation program is associated with better outcome with improvement of the quality of life of COPD patients.

Trial registration
Clinical trial.gov: NCT03253380
Incels, violence and mental disorder: a narrative review with recommendations for best practice in risk assessment and clinical intervention
Authors: Broyd Josephine , Boniface Lauren , Parsons Damon , Murphy David , Hafferty Jonathan D 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYIn recent years, mass violence associated with men who identify as involuntary celibates (incels) has been of increasing concern. Incels engage in an online community where misogyny and incitements to violence against women are prevalent, often owing to the belief that women are denying them a ‘right’ to sex. Indeed, inceldom can be considered a form of extremism. Information released about the prepetrators of incel-associated violence consistently suggests that mental disorder is a contributory factor and may increase vulnerability to engaging with the incel community. Depression, autism and personality disorder are particularly relevant. To date, there has been little research into the mental health of incels and how, in some, this contributes to violence. This article considers the associations between mental disorder and inceldom, including the risk factors for incel-related violence, and makes recommendations for best practice in risk assessment and clinical intervention.
Catalytic Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from a Chitin-Derived Sugar Alcohol
Authors: Sagawa Takuya , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Murata Chinatsu , Shichibu Yukatsu , Konishi Katsuaki , Hashizume Mineo , Fukuoka Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chitin is an abundant marine biomass that contains nitrogen atoms in its monomer units. Therefore, it is an attractive feedstock for the production of renewable organonitrogen compounds. The hydrolytic hydrogenation of chitin produces 2-acetamide-2-deoxysorbitol (ADS), which is a potential platform chemical in chitin-based biorefinery. In this work, we report the catalytic conversion of ADS to oxazolidinones named 2,3-OX and 1,2-OX. Of the two isomers, 2,3-OX possesses specific chirality suited for the application of antibiotic agents, naturally derived from ADS. This work demonstrates that a ubiquitous base catalyst, KHCO3, selectively gives 2,3-OX in 84% yield, 12 times more preferential than 1,2-OX under kinetic control. DFT calculations show that inner-molecular hydrogen bonds formed in the transition states specifically reduce the energy barrier for the 2,3-OX formation, thus giving this isomer selectively. We also found that the addition of boron compounds slightly shifts the selectivity towards 1,2-OX.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon from Phoenix dactylifera Seed for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Maji Subrata , Mallick Aabhash Kumar , Jha Abhimanyu , Man Shrestha Rajeshwar , Rajbhandari Rinita , Hill Jonathan P , Ariga Katsuhiko , Shrestha Lok Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large surface area hierarchically nanoporous activated carbons are prepared by KOH activation and high temperature carbonization of agricultural waste, Phoenix dactylifera (date) seeds. The nanoporous activated carbon obtained by this method has excellent surface porosity with very large surface area, typically 2383.2 m2 g−1, and large pore volume (1.76 cm3 g−1) due to their interconnected micro- and mesoporous structure. The hierarchically nanoporous material of this activated carbon leads to excellent electrochemical charge storage capability for their application as supercapacitor electrode materials. In a three-electrode cell, an optimum carbon sample exhibited high specific capacitance ca. 386 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with excellent retention of specific capacitance (63%) at a very high current density of 50 A g−1. Cyclic stability is also excellent with 98% specific capacitance retention after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. These hierarchical nanoporous activated carbons derived from agricultural waste materials have sufficient potential for use as electrode materials in commercial, and advanced supercapacitors.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' quality of life and its related factors: A cross-sectional study of the Jordanian population
Authors: Assaf Enas A , Badarneh Angham , Saifan Ahmad , Al-Yateem Nabeel 
Published: May 2022

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that 6.5% of Jordanians under 50 and 37.5% of those over 70 years of age are affected. The country's air pollution levels surpass recommended levels, increasing the disease incidence and burden on individuals and the health system. COPD is a long-term, severe, and exhausting condition. In Jordan, patients are highly dependent and frequent users of the healthcare services; therefore, their Quality of Life (QoL) is highly influenced by the health care they receive. The QoL of COPD patients must be studied to devise interventions that can help patients cope with this disease and for healthcare systems to improve their service. Method: A cross-sectional correlational study of 200 COPD patients. The Arabic WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire Short Form was used to collect data. Results: The mean COPD patient QoL score was 10.66 (SD=1.58), showing poor QoL perception. The physical domain had the lowest perceived QoL (10.232, SD=1.912), while the environmental domain had the highest (10.948, SD=1.636). Unmarried, non-smokers, and employed had better QoL (M=11.04, M=10.92, M=12.04). Age categories 50-61 exhibited greater mean QoL than age category 61 or higher (M=11.44, M=10.84, M=10.08). Private health services are characterized by short waiting times, availability of different diagnostic and treatment services, and skilled staff was related to better QoL. Conclusions: QoL for COPD patients seems to be an area requiring urgent attention from Health service providers and planners. Patients should be adequately supported and cared for to have a good QoL. In Jordan, COPD patients' QoL is highly influenced by lack of physical activity, emotional distress, and anxiety. Therefore, better health care services is needed to address all these areas adequately.
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Opportunities in Health Education (HE) in a mandatory social isolation context
Authors: Dolores-Maldonado Gandy , Cañari-Casaño Jorge L. , Montero-Romainville Rosalia , Malaga German 
Published: May 2022

Background: Routine care for prevention and health promotion has reduced significantly due to the Covid-19 pandemic and mandatory social isolation measures. In this context, it is necessary to identify and describe Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that provide opportunities for health education, promotion, and prevention aimed at the general population. The study is a systematic review of MOOCs on health education, health promotion, and prevention for the general population in a pandemic context. Methods: We developed a search for MOOC courses aimed at the general population on health education, health promotion, and prevention in different available MOOC platforms. We executed a descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the selected MOOCs. Terms such as healthy living, physical activity, healthy eating, mental health, and variants aimed at the general population were explored. We did not include advanced or specialized studies aimed only at professionals that required prior knowledge. A descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the selected MOOCs was performed. Results: There were 117 MOOCs chosen on health education, promotion, and prevention for the general population. Coursera (40.3%) was the platform that offered the highest quantity of MOOCs; more than half of the MOOCs were in English (52.9%). The median (interquartile range) duration of the selected MOOCs was 11 (6–15) hours. The predominant themes were "Health promotion" (43%) and "Food and nutrition" (31%), and the origin was mainly from Europe (37.8%). Conclusions: Potentially MOOCs could improve access to massive open online public health courses. Adaptation to different languages and topics needed for each context could increase access to important health promotion messages, even outside of "times of pandemic and enforced social isolation".
Improving learning by playing with an app: The FantaTraining® experience with anesthesia trainees.
Authors: Gibiino Giovanni , Capogna Emanuele , Velardo Matteo , Del Vecchio Angelica , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Capogna Giorgio 
Published: May 2022

Background: FantaTraining® is an app that simulates a football league. Each participant represents a team, and the game is played with the opposing team by answering a questionnaire. In the intervals between games, participants can practice by consulting the educational material (films, short texts, or slides) in the app. Various prizes are offered to the winners of the championship. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the use of the FantaTraining® app could improve the learning of anesthesia trainees registered in an online obstetric anesthesia course. Methods: The study involved 282 trainees in anesthesia, from five Italian universities, registered in the Online Obstetric Anesthesia Course (OOAC) who were given the app. They were randomly allocated into two groups according to whether the app had been enabled to allow the participant to play the league (study group, n=137), or not (control group, n=145). All the trainees underwent entry and final tests, consisting of the same 40 multiple choice questions, respectively before and after completing the OOAC course. Results: There were no differences in the scores obtained in the pre-course test between the groups. The mean score obtained in the final test was significantly greater than that obtained in the entry one in both groups (P<0.05) but the final test score obtained by the participants of the study group was significantly greater than that obtained by the control group. (P<0.001), regardless of the university of origin and year of specialization. Trainees stated that the app had helped their study, improving understanding and motivation, without increasing the intensity of study. Conclusions: Using the FantaTraining® app greatly improved trainees’ final exam performance after the online obstetric anesthesia course. The FantaTraining® app seems a promising tool to improve learning outcomes by strengthening learning behaviors and attitudes towards learning.