bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element modeling of the processes of elastic-plastic deformation of reclamation objects of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Klochkov Yu V , Fomin S D , Vakhnina O V , Sobolevskaya T A , Yu Klochkov M , Andreev A S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Annotation. To study the processes of nonlinear deformation of reclamation objects and engineering systems of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the plastic stage of the used structural material, a finite element model was created based on a volumetric prismatic discretization element with quadrangular bases. The plastic stage of deformation of the applied structural material of the object is taken into account on the basis of the provisions of the deformation theory of plasticity. The plasticity matrix at the (j + 1)-th stage of sequential loading was compiled as a result of applying the operation of differentiating the stress tensor components accumulated over the j previous stages of sequential loading with respect to the strain tensor components. The stiffness matrix and the column of nodal forces of a prismatic discretization element with quadrangular bases at the (j + 1)-th stage of loading were obtained by minimizing the Lagrange functional. Numerical experiments on the calculation of a tubular outlet proved the adequacy of the developed finite element model and the accuracy of calculating the required strength parameters of the studied reclamation objects and other engineering systems of the agro-industrial complex, sufficient for engineering practice.
Methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of technical means for harvesting Sudanese grass
Authors: Ryadnov A I , Fedorova O A , Yu Fandeev S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the design features of the developed technical means for hay bales loading, transporting and unloading, which makes it possible to exclude its downtime when loading bales. The technical means use effectiveness comprehensive assessment method that combine several operations for Sudan grass harvesting for seeds and fodder for cattle is proposed. The methodology includes the following stages: the choice of factors affecting the technical means use efficiency; the substantiation of particular performance indicators, selected from the set of possible ones according to their relative importance; the selection of the mathematical dependence of the effectiveness complex criterion; the effectiveness complex criterion evaluation and the analysis of the compared technical means effectiveness.
Modern digital technologies in accounting and internal audit in agricultural enterprises
Authors: Vardanyan S A , Balashova N N , Khoruzhy V I , Gorbacheva A S , Chekrygina T A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses about the issues of the current state of the using of modern IT technologies in agriculture, about the prospects of the using of information technologies in accounting and internal audit. An objectives of the project “Digital Agriculture” of The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation was considered. The main advantages for accounting and internal audit by the implementation of IT technologies are briefly presented, a possible obstacle to the large-scale implementation of modern technologies in agricultural organizations are analyzed.
Formation of investment resources of the grain subcomplex Volgograd region and its sustainability
Authors: Gorbacheva A S , Ivanov V V , Balashova N N , Chekrygina T A , Chernovanova N V , Yagupova E V , Melikhov V A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the positive experience of the operation of the agricultural holding of the Volgograd region, engaged in the production, processing and sale of grain and grain products. The authors identified and analyzed the factors that both hinder the formation of integration ties in the grain sub-complex of the regional agro-industrial complex, and contribute to their dynamic development. The article describes methodological approaches to the organization of integration mechanisms that take into account the economic interests of all their participants: from producers of grain products, enterprises for the processing and storage of grain, subjects of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex, transport companies, trade organizations. A competent pricing policy for products, works and services of all economic entities of the agricultural holding has been determined as a guarantee of the ability to compete and maintain its market niche. Prospects for integrating the activities of an agricultural holding with a research organization are considered in order to increase its investment activity in terms of introducing new technological, breeding, marketing and other innovations that contribute to ensuring a high level of development of all subjects of the agro-industrial business and their financial stability.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the fully mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia elata
Authors: Bae Eun-Kyung , An Chanhoon , Kang Min-Jeong , Lee Sang-A , Lee Seung Jae , Kim Ki-Tae , Park Eung-Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gastrodia elata, an obligate mycoheterotrophic orchid, requires complete carbon and mineral nutrient supplementation from mycorrhizal fungi during its entire life cycle. Although full mycoheterotrophy occurs most often in the Orchidaceae family, no chromosome-level reference genome from this group has been assembled to date. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of G. elata, using Illumina and PacBio sequencing methods with Hi-C technique. The assembled genome size was found to be 1045 Mb, with an N50 of 50.6 Mb and 488 scaffolds. A total of 935 complete (64.9%) matches to the 1440 embryophyte Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs were identified in this genome assembly. Hi-C scaffolding of the assembled genome resulted in 18 pseudochromosomes, 1008 Mb in size and containing 96.5% of the scaffolds. A total of 18,844 protein-coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted in the G. elata genome, of which 15,619 CDSs (82.89%) were functionally annotated. In addition, 74.92% of the assembled genome was found to be composed of transposable elements. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a significant contraction of genes involved in various biosynthetic processes and cellular components and an expansion of genes for novel metabolic processes and mycorrhizal association. This result suggests an evolutionary adaptation of G. elata to a mycoheterotrophic lifestyle. In summary, the genomic resources generated in this study will provide a valuable reference genome for investigating the molecular mechanisms of G. elata biological functions. Furthermore, the complete G. elata genome will greatly improve our understanding of the genetics of Orchidaceae and its mycoheterotrophic evolution.
Robust detection of natural selection using a probabilistic model of tree imbalance
Authors: Dilber Enes , Terhorst Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeutrality tests such as Tajima’s D and Fay and Wu’s H are standard implements in the population genetics toolbox. One of their most common uses is to scan the genome for signals of natural selection. However, it is well understood that D and H are confounded by other evolutionary forces—in particular, population expansion—that may be unrelated to selection. Because they are not model-based, it is not clear how to deconfound these tests in a principled way. In this article, we derive new likelihood-based methods for detecting natural selection, which are robust to fluctuations in effective population size. At the core of our method is a novel probabilistic model of tree imbalance, which generalizes Kingman’s coalescent to allow certain aberrant tree topologies to arise more frequently than is expected under neutrality. We derive a frequency spectrum-based estimator that can be used in place of D, and also extend to the case where genealogies are first estimated. We benchmark our methods on real and simulated data, and provide an open source software implementation.
A new method to reconstruct the direction of parent-offspring duo relationships using SNP array data and its demonstration on ancient and modern cultivars in the outcrossing speciesMalus×domestica
Authors: Howard Nicholas P , van de Weg Eric , Luby James J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnordered parent-offspring (PO) relationships are an outstanding issue in pedigree reconstruction studies. Resolution of the order of these relationships would expand the results, conclusions, and usefulness of such studies; however, no such PO order resolution (POR) tests currently exist. This study describes two such tests, demonstrated using SNP array data in the outcrossing species apple (Malus × domestica) on a PO relationship of known order (‘Keepsake’ as a parent of ‘Honeycrisp’) and two PO relationships previously ordered only via provenance information. The first test, POR-1, tests whether some of the extended haplotypes deduced from homozygous SNP calls from one individual in an unordered PO duo are composed of recombinant haplotypes from accurately phased SNP genotypes from the second individual. If so, the first individual would be the offspring of the second individual, otherwise the opposite relationship would be present. The second test, POR-2, does not require phased SNP genotypes and uses similar logic as the POR-1 test, albeit in a different approach. The POR-1 and POR-2 tests determined the correct relationship between ‘Keepsake’ and ‘Honeycrisp’. The POR-2 test confirmed ‘Reinette Franche’ as a parent of ‘Nonpareil’ and ‘Brabant Bellefleur’ as a parent of ‘Court Pendu Plat’. The latter finding conflicted with the recorded provenance information, demonstrating the need for these tests. The successful demonstration of these tests suggests they can add insights to future pedigree reconstruction studies, though caveats, like extreme inbreeding or selfing, would need to be considered where relevant.
Identifying early metabolite markers of successful graft union formation in grapevine
Authors: Loupit Grégoire , Valls Fonayet Josep , Prigent Sylvain , Prodhomme Duyen , Spilmont Anne-Sophie , Hilbert Ghislaine , Franc Céline , De Revel Gilles , Richard Tristan , Ollat Nathalie , Cookson Sarah Jane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Grafting is an important horticultural technique used for many crop species. However, some scion/rootstock combinations are considered as incompatible due to poor graft union formation and subsequently high plant mortality. The early identification of graft incompatibility could allow the selection of non-viable plants before planting and would have a beneficial impact on research and development in the nursery sector. In general, visible phenotypes of grafted plants (size, root number, etc.) are poorly correlated with grafting success, but some studies have suggested that some polyphenols could be used as markers of graft incompatibility several months or years after grafting. However, much of the previous studies into metabolite markers of grafting success have not included all the controls necessary to unequivocally validate the markers proposed. In this study, we quantified 73 primary and secondary metabolites in nine hetero-grafts and six homo-grafted controls 33 days after grafting at the graft interface and in both the scion and rootstock woody tissues. Certain biomarker metabolites typical of a high stress status (such as proline, GABA and pallidol) were particularly accumulated at the graft interface of the incompatible scion/rootstock combination. We then used correlation analysis and generalized linear models to identify potential metabolite markers of grafting success measured one year after grafting. Here we present the first attempt to quantitatively predict graft compatibility and identify marker metabolites (especially asparagine, trans-resveratrol, trans-piceatannol and α-viniferin) 33 days after grafting, which was found to be particularly informative for homo-graft combinations.
The histone H3K27 demethylase SlJMJ4 promotes dark- and ABA-induced leaf senescence in tomato
Authors: Ding Xiaochun , Zhang Dandan , Gu Dachuan , Li Zhiwei , Liang Hanzhi , Zhu Hong , Jiang Yueming , Duan Xuewu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly-programmed developmental process during the plant life cycle. ABA plays an important role in leaf senescence. However, the mechanism underlying ABA-mediated leaf senescence, particularly the upstream epigenetic regulatory network, remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SlJMJ4, a Jumonji C (jmjC) domain-containing protein in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), specifically demethylates di- and trimethylations of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of SlJMJ4 results in a premature senescence phenotype and promotes dark- and ABA-induced leaf senescence in tomato. Under dark conditions, SlJMJ4-promoted leaf senescence is associated with upregulated expression of transcription factors (SlORE1 and SlNAP2) and senescence-associated genes (SlSAG113 and SlSAG12) via removal of H3K27me3. In response to ABA, overexpression of SlJMJ4 increases its binding at the loci of SlORE1, SlNAP2, SlSAG113, SlSAG12, SlABI5, and SlNCED3 and decreases their H3K27me3 levels, thereby activating their expression and mediating ABA-induced leaf senescence in tomato. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlJMJ4 plays a positive role in leaf senescence in tomato and functions in ABA-induced leaf senescence by binding to many key genes related to ABA synthesis and signaling, transcription regulation, and senescence, thus promoting their H3K27me3 demethylation.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation from a Tropical and a Bernstein–Sato Perspective
Authors: Sattelberger Anna-Laura , van der Veer Robin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with tools from Tropical Geometry and Bernstein–Sato Theory. We investigate the critical points of very affine varieties and study their asymptotic behavior. We relate these asymptotics to particular rays in the tropical variety as well as to Bernstein–Sato ideals and give a connection to MLE in statistics.
Proteomic profiling of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles: a novel tool for understanding the systemic effects of tick burden in cattle
Authors: Turner Natalie , Abeysinghe Pevindu , Peiris Hassendrini , Vaswani Kanchan , Sadowski Pawel , Cameron Nick , McGhee Nathanael , Logan Jayden , Mitchell Murray D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cattle ticks pose a significant threat to the health and profitability of cattle herds globally. The investigation of factors leading to natural tick resistance in cattle is directed toward targeted breeding strategies that may combat cattle tick infestation on the genetic level. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 50 to 150 nm diameter, are released from all cell types into biofluids such as blood plasma and milk, have been successfully used in diagnostic and prognostic studies in humans, and can provide essential information regarding the overall health state of animals. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly sensitive proteomics application that can be used to identify proteins in a complex mixture and is particularly useful for biomarker development. In this proof of principle study, EXs were isolated from the blood plasma of cattle (Bos taurus) with high (HTR) and low tick resistance (LTR) (n = 3/group). Cattle were classified as HTR or LTR using a tick scoring system, and EXs isolated from the cattle blood plasma using an established protocol. EXs were subjected to MS analysis in data-dependent acquisition mode and protein search performed using Protein Pilot against the B. taurus proteome. A total of 490 unique proteins were identified across all samples. Of these, proteins present in all replicates from each group were selected for further analysis (HTR = 121; LTR = 130). Gene ontology analysis was performed using PANTHER GO online software tool. Proteins unique to HTR and LTR cattle were divided by protein class, of which 50% were associated with immunity/defense in the HTR group, whereas this protein class was not detected in EXs from LTR cattle. Similarly, unique proteins in HTR cattle were associated with B-cell activation, immunoglobins, immune response, and cellular iron ion homeostasis. In LTR cattle, unique exosomal proteins were associated with actin filament binding, purine nucleotide binding, plasma membrane protein complex, and carbohydrate derivative binding. This is the first study to demonstrate that MS analysis of EXs derived from the blood plasma of HTR and LTR cattle can be successfully applied to profile the systemic effects of tick burden.
The geography of information: evidence from the public debt market
Authors: Francis Bill , Hasan Iftekhar , Waisman Maya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the link between the spatial concentration of firms in large, central metropolitans (i.e. urban agglomeration) and the cost of public corporate debt. Looking at bond issues over the period 1985–2014, we find that bonds issued by companies headquartered in urban agglomerates have lower at-issue yield spreads than bonds issued by firms based in remote, sparsely populated areas. Measures of the count of institutional bondholders in a firm’s vicinity confirm that the spatial cross-sectional variation in bond spreads is driven by the proximity of metropolitan firms to large concentrations of institutional investors. Our results are robust to controls for firm productivity and governance, analyst following, and exogenous shocks to institutional investor attention. The effect of headquarters location on bond spreads is especially pronounced for more difficult to value, speculative-grade bonds, bonds issued by smaller, less visible firms and bonds issued without protective covenants. Overall, we provide evidence that the geographical distribution of firms and investors generates a corresponding distribution of value-relevant, firm-level information that affects its cost of capital.
Two Left Hands
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates Anri Sala’s video/sound installation Ravel Ravel Unraveled in New York City in the spring of 2016. In the art installation, there are two rooms. In one, the audience is presented with two videos of two different piano players each playing Ravel's piano concerto for the left hand in D. The room is filled with a beautiful and almost correct-sounding cacophony; two distinct, different performances of the same music, played on top of each other at the same time. In effect, the audience hears a raveling of Ravel by Sala. The video in the next room ratchets up the astounding complexity of Sala's constructed presentation of the concerto. The audience now encounters a new performer, the French DJ Chloë, as she works at a deck mixing two LPs corresponding to the two recordings of the distinct performances the audience witnessed in video. Ultimately, agency and the way technology extends, enhances, transforms, and remakes human agency are (among) the themes of Sala's captivating installation.
Beach Beasts on the Move
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights Theo Jansen's strandbeests, which features mammoth artificial creatures—made of PVC, plastic ties, and bottles, among other materials—roaming the northern beaches of the Netherlands, on the watch for rising seas. Jansen writes on his website that he is occupied with creating new forms of life. His intuition is that life is tied to problem-solving, to coping with basic tasks necessary for survival. Is it right that life is tied to autonomy and problem-solving, to self-sustaining activity? The chapter then considers a different angle on Jansen's creatures, looking at the exhibition “Strandbeest: The Dream Machines of Theo Jansen,” which was up at San Francisco's Exploratorium in 2016. Most of what is on exhibition are members of lines of the strandbeest genus that are now extinct.
The Anatomy Lesson
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates Rembrandt's 1631 painting The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. The Anatomy Lesson shows Professor Tulp as he probes the anatomy of a cadaver's left arm with an instrument in his right hand, while, with his left hand, he demonstrates the movements of which the left hand is capable and illustrates their dependence on the anatomy. As Dr. Tulp lectures and dissects, he refers his students to graphical representations or verbal descriptions of the relevant anatomy and physiology in a textbook. The chapter then considers an idea—one with which Rembrandt may be experimenting—according to which there is no such thing as the direct inspection of reality; that is, there is no encounter with how things are that is not shaped or at least informed by our thoughts and pictures, and indeed by our scientific theories. Rembrandt's painting of a scientist at work may also be an argument for the irreducible importance of art to the scientist's basic project.
The Art of the Brain
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses the significance of pictures in science, looking at Santiago Ramón y Cajal's accurate drawings of brain cells (neurons). A drawing is a thoughtful picture; it is really the visualization not just of what there is but of what matters. This is true with fMRI and PET today. What these technologies provide is a graphical representation of what we hypothesize is going on. That was no less true of Cajal's drawings. More important, these creations of Cajal's were realizations not so much of what Cajal merely saw but of what he understood himself to be seeing. This is why, as the editors of a new collection of Cajal's drawings—The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal—make clear, Cajal's drawings supplied theoretical foundations to the emerging field of neuroscience.
Why Are 3D Movies So Bad?
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies why 3D movies are bad. The problem is not merely technical. It is not the fact that 3D darkens the screen, or the fact that 3D effects present spatial depth as visibly layered as in a pop-up book, that accounts for what is wrong. The problem is conceptual. The whole motivation for 3D movies is confused. Despite the wild success of Avatar and other films, 3D movies remain somewhat like pop-up books themselves: they are a childish novelty. The question is, why? The short answer is that 3D makes no contribution to cinematic storytelling. It remains at the level of the special effect, something like the way pop-up book technology stands to the telling of the story of Hansel and Gretel. 3D does not enable a different kind of story to be told, and critically, 3D does not let the audience see anything they could not see before.
Are Works of Art Relics?
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the relic or cult model of artworks that has shaped our attitudes to art since about 1700. The idea that our attitudes to art are shaped by a relic model makes sense of the fact that we value originals more than copies; it makes sense of the way of thinking of connoisseurs according to which they are, essentially, detectives whose job it is to pursue the traces left on a canvas back to its historical origin. And finally, the relic/cult model explains why we, as a culture, are so anxious about art forgery. It was not always so: in the Renaissance, for example, before the supposed advent of the relic model, it was widely supposed that excellent copies inherited the quality of their originals. In this setting, copying was not a crime and forgery not really even possible. The chapter then proposes an alternative to the relic model: the conversation model. According to the conversation model, works of art are gestures, or utterances, or moves, in an ongoing dialog or conversation. The work is valuable, on this view, because it is a datable foray into an ongoing and historically changing conversation.