bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN VOCABULARY AND READING ABILITY OF THE TENTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 BANGSAL
Authors: Sonya Brinda  
Published: April 2022

Vocabulary and reading are the most important aspects which have to be mastered by students in the middle of their English learning in class. Moreover, those two aspects are having a correlation to enhance their achievement in English comprehension besides writing and speaking. English learning in here has become a chance for the students to learn English as their foreign language. As we know, English as a foreign language is not an easy subject to be comprehended by students who have just learned it. Thus, students have to be more active and creative to create their own method to enhance their ability in English comprehension. This research was aimed to determine the correlation between students’ achievement in vocabulary and reading ability of the tenth-grade students at SMA 1 Bangsal. The research design was using the correlation design with the tenth-grade students as the population. When the research was conducted, the researcher only took some samples from tenth-grade students population by using the random sampling and found 75 students as the samples. Meanwhile, in collecting data process, the researcher has conducted the written test to find out the students’ achievement in vocabulary and reading ability. The data from tenth-grade students’ achievement was measured by Pearson Product Moment correlation formula, which become the analysis technique to evaluate a hypothesis concerning to the correlation between two variables that are examined statistically. The result showed that there is a significant correlation between students’ achievement in vocabulary and reading ability.
Prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia and low physical activity among community-dwelling older Thai people: a preliminary prospective cohort study 2-year follow-up
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Akekawatchai Chareeporn 
Published: April 2022

Background
Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle mass, has become a major health problem in older people. Few prospective studies report the incidence and risk of sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of sarcopenia at the baseline and follow-up after 2 years in community-dwelling older Thai individuals.

Methods
In 2019, 330 older people were recruited from a community-dwelling population, and these participants were requested to present again in 2021. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the criteria for the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). All participants were asked to perform a 6-meter walk test, handgrip strength test, and bioelectric impedance assessment, and complete the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results
The study found that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 65 (19.70%) in 330 older people in 2019, and 44 of 205 participants (21.46%) were reported to have sarcopenia after 2 years. The incidence of sarcopenia was noted to be 2.44% in 2021. Analysis with ANOVA and pairwise comparisons showed that the reversibility of sarcopenia was attributed to high level of physical activity in the 2-year follow-up group (p = 0.014, 95% CI [−1753.25–−195.49]). Further, participants with moderate and high physical activity had a reduced incidence of sarcopenia (odds ratio = 9.00 and 14.47, respectively). Therefore, low physical activity in older people led to the development of sarcopenia from the baseline to the 2-year follow-up, indicating that increased physical activity may be useful in reversing sarcopenia, as suggested in the 2-year follow-up study. Low physical activity could be a risk factor for the incidence of sarcopenia. Hence, the prevention of sarcopenia could promote health improvement through moderate to high physical activity.
Ethno-botanical Survey and Chemical Study of Medicinal Plants Traditionally used to Treat Anemia in Yakoma Territory (Nord Ubangi), Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ngunde-Te-Ngunde Samy , Carlos Kabengele N. , Lengbiye Emmanuel Moke , Kilembe Jason Thambwe , Lokebo Jean-Aimé Mbanga , Tshilanda Dorothée D. , Ngombe Nadège Kabamba , Mpiana Pius T. , Bekomo Jeff Iteku , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa 
Published: April 2022

Aims of the Study: To identify plant species traditionally used to treat anemia in Yakoma territory and to evaluate their chemical composition.
Place and Duration: Yakoma Territory (survey) and University of Kinshasa (Phytochemical study), from August and October 2019.
Methods: Ethnobotanical survey according to the "snowball" sampling technique among traditional healers (based on the free consent of the respondents), chemical analyses of plant materials (chemical screening, TLC, phytomarkers content, minerals composition) according to standard methods. ED-XRF was used for mineral analysis. Microsoft Excel version 2010, Origin version 8.5 Pro and IBM SPSS statistics version 20 software packages were used for data processing and analysis.
Results and Discussion: The survey showed that 18 plant species are traditionally used by Ngbandi traditional healers to treat anemia in Yakoma territory. They belong to 16 families and 17 genera. The most used organs are the leaves (68.4%) and the roots (10.5%). Decoction and infusion are the most used mode of preparation (33.3% each), followed by cooking (22.2%) and maceration (11.1%). The oral route (77.8%) is the most used mode of administration followed by the enema (16.7%) and the anal route (5.6%). Morphological types consist of herbs and trees (33.3% each) and shrubs and lianas (16.7% each). The biotope types consist of forest plants (44.4%), cultivated plants/Crops (38.9%), marshy ground plants (11.1%) and ruderal plants (5.6%). These plants belonging to five biological types: erected therophytes (44.4%), mesophanerophytes (27.8%), microphanerophytes and climbing phanerophytes (11.1% each) and lianescent phanerophytes (5.56%). These anti-anemic plant species are mostly Pantropical and Afro-tropical (39% of species each) followed by Guineo-Congolese (17% of species) and American (5%). Chemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and terpenoids and various minerals including iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium and manganese.
Conclusion: In the current state of knowledge, the survey of anemic plants from this part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is reported for the first time.
Utility and Impact of Agromet Advisory Services among Farmers in Mandya District, Karnataka
Authors: Arpitha S. N. , Naresh N. T. , Munawery Atheefa , Shambhavi S. , Rajath H. P. 
Published: April 2022

Weather is one of the foremost factors affecting the agriculture production and crop productivity. The effective weather information and advisory services to the farmers aid in decision-making of day-to-day agricultural operations right from the selection of crops to post harvest in order to avoid crop losses. Total 105 AAS bulletins were prepared and disseminated to the farmers in 2021 by District Agromet Unit (DAMU) established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, V C farm, Mandya. A random sample survey was conducted for 175 farmers (25 per block) in 2021 to assess the effectiveness, impact and usefulness of Agromet Advisory Services from each block in Mandya District, Karnataka and analyzed the data using the Dynamic Feedback System of IMD. The study revealed that 48 percent of farmers preferred weather forecast before going for fertilizer application, 65 percent for spraying operations and 75 percent for harvesting operations. A total of 69 percent farmers were satisfied, 18 percent were partially satisfied and 13 percent were not satisfied with the advisory. The study indicated that the farmers focused more on the weather forecast for spraying & harvesting operations compared to other activities of farming.
Data‐Driven Materials Innovation and Applications
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Sun Zhehao , Yin Hang , Liu Xinghui , Wang Jinlan , Zhao Haitao , Pang Cheng Heng , Wu Tao , Li Shuzhou , Yin Zongyou , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOwing to the rapid developments to improve the accuracy and efficiency of both experimental and computational investigative methodologies, the massive amounts of data generated have led the field of materials science into the fourth paradigm of data‐driven scientific research. This transition requires the development of authoritative and up‐to‐date frameworks for data‐driven approaches for material innovation. A critical discussion on the current advances in the data‐driven discovery of materials with a focus on frameworks, machine‐learning algorithms, material‐specific databases, descriptors, and targeted applications in the field of inorganic materials is presented. Frameworks for rationalizing data‐driven material innovation are described, and a critical review of essential subdisciplines is presented, including: i) advanced data‐intensive strategies and machine‐learning algorithms; ii) material databases and related tools and platforms for data generation and management; iii) commonly used molecular descriptors used in data‐driven processes. Furthermore, an in‐depth discussion on the broad applications of material innovation, such as energy conversion and storage, environmental decontamination, flexible electronics, optoelectronics, superconductors, metallic glasses, and magnetic materials, is provided. Finally, how these subdisciplines (with insights into the synergy of materials science, computational tools, and mathematics) support data‐driven paradigms is outlined, and the opportunities and challenges in data‐driven material innovation are highlighted.
Dynamical evolution of Ge quantum dots on Si(111): From island formation to high temperature decay
Authors: Preetha Genesh Navathej , De Marchi Fabrizio , Heun Stefan , Fontana Stefano , Belkhou Rachid , Purandare Rahul , Motta Nunzio , Sgarlata Anna , Fanfoni Massimo , MacLeod Jennifer , MacLean Oliver , Rosei Federico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeteroepitaxial growth is a process of profound fundamental importance as well as an avenue to realize nanostructures such as Ge/Si quantum dots (QDs), with appealing properties for applications in opto‐ and nanoelectronics. However, controlling the Ge/Si QD size, shape, and composition remains a major obstacle to their practical implementation. Here, Ge nanostructures on Si(111) were investigated in situ and in real‐time by low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), enabling the observation of the transition from wetting layer formation to 3D island growth and decay. The island size, shape, and distribution depend strongly on the growth temperature. As the deposition temperature increases, the islands become larger and sparser, consistent with Brownian nucleation and capture dynamics. At 550°C, two distinct Ge/Si nanostructures are formed with bright and dark appearances that correspond to flat, atoll‐like and tall, faceted islands, respectively. During annealing, the faceted islands increase in size at the expense of the flat ones, indicating that the faceted islands are thermodynamically more stable. In contrast, triangular islands with uniform morphology are obtained from deposition at 600°C, suggesting that the growth more closely follows the ideal shape. During annealing, the islands formed at 600°C initially show no change in morphology and size and then rupture simultaneously, signaling a homogeneous chemical potential of the islands. These observations reveal the role of dynamics and energetics in the evolution of Ge/Si QDs, which can serve as a step towards the precise control over the Ge nanostructure size, shape, composition, and distribution on Si(111).
A Valence‐Engineered Self‐Cascading Antioxidant Nanozyme for the Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wang Quan , Cheng Chaoqun , Zhao Sheng , Liu Quanyi , Zhang Yihong , Liu Wanling , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhang He , Pu Jun , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Huigang , Du Yan , Wei Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntioxidant treatment strategy by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a highly effective disease treatment option. Nanozymes with multiple antioxidant activities can cope with the diverse ROS environment. However, lack of design strategies and limitation of negative correlation for nanozymes with multiple antioxidant activities hindered their development. To overcome these difficulties, here we used ZnMn2O4 as a model to explore the role of Mn valency at the octahedral site via a valence‐engineered strategy, and found that its multiple antioxidant activities are positively correlated with the content of Mn4+. Therefore, through this strategy, a self‐cascading antioxidant nanozyme LiMn2O4 was constructed, and its efficacy was verified at the cellular level and in an inflammatory bowel disease model. This work not only provides guidance for the design of multiple antioxidant nanozymes, but also broadens the biomedical application potential of multiple antioxidant nanozymes.
Back‐Gated van der Waals Heterojunction Manipulates Local Charges toward Fine‐Tuning Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Huang Jiazhao , Zhuang Zechao , Zhao Yang , Chen Jianqiang , Zhuo Zhiwen , Liu Youwen , Lu Ning , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCharge redistribution plays a prominent role in interpreting the intrinsic electrocatalytic mechanism. Establishing a quantitative relationship between the local charges and electrochemical performance can fundamentally update the design philosophies beyond conventional methods. We describe exertion of an external electric field in the cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)/MoS2 heterojunction to finely manipulate intermolecular charge transfer. The injected charges (e−) from CoPc to MoS2 migrate to natural S vacancies and enhance Mo−H bonding. Moreover, the band gap of MoS2 and CoPc can be readily tuned by the electric field, verifying band engineering at the heterointerface. In situ photoluminescence spectra and gate‐dependent electrochemical measurement reveal a linear correlation between the charge accumulation and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. This approach provides a new strategy for the design of catalysts, enabling precise regulation of the electronic configuration to improve catalytic activity.
Soft Electrodes for Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Monitoring of Beating Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yan Li‐Ping , Wen Ming‐Yong , Qin Yu , Bi Chen‐Xi , Zhao Yi , Fan Wen‐Ting , Yan Jing , Huang Wei‐Hua , Liu Yan‐Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany cells in vivo have their inherent motions, which involve numerous biochemical and biophysical signals synergistically regulating cell behavior and function. However, existing methods offer little information about the concurrently chemical and physical responses of dynamically pulsing cells. Here, we report a soft electrode with an electrospun poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐based nanomesh to fully comply with spontaneous motions of cells. Moreover, this electrode demonstrated excellent electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance and cellular biocompatibility. Cardiomyocytes cultured thereon exhibited autonomous and rhythmic contractility, and synchronously induced mechanical deformation of the underlying electrode, which allowed real‐time monitoring of nitric oxide release and electrophysiological activity of cardiomyocytes. This work provides a promising way toward recording chemical and electrical signals of biological systems with their natural motions.
Hydrogen Production and Water Desalination with On‐demand Electricity Output Enabled by Electrochemical Neutralization Chemistry
Authors: Sun Fu , He Dongtong , Yang Kaizhou , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy‐saving hydrogen production can be achieved by using renewables or decoupling the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction from overall water splitting, which still needs electricity input. We have realized hydrogen production and water desalination with on‐demand electricity output via an electrochemical neutralization chemistry strategy that couples acidic hydrogen evolution and alkaline hydrazine oxidation with ionic exchange. The electrochemical neutralization cells allow efficient use of chemical energy and low‐grade heat from the surroundings to output 0.81 kWh electricity per m3of hydrogen. Cell function can be rapidly switched to electricity output with a high peak power density up to 85.5 mW cm−2or spontaneous hydrogen production at a high rate up to 70.1 mol h−1 m−2without breaking cell operation or changing cell configuration. Fast water desalination is simultaneously achieved at a high salt removal rate of 56.1 mol h−1 m−2without an external electricity supply.
Interannual variability of spring fire in southern Nepal
Authors: Hamal Kalpana , Ghimire Shravan Kumar , Khadka Arbindra , Dawadi Binod , Sharma Shankar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNepal is highly vulnerable to climate change with increased fire occurrences and fire burned areas in recent years; therefore, we accessed the climatic drivers for its variability using fire burned areas product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 and 2020. The peak fire burned areas were observed in the spring season (~91%) from March to May, especially higher in the lowlands of the western and central parts. At the interannual timescale, low precipitation, humidity, soil moisture, and high temperature supported the existence of spring fire. Combining these factors induces drought conditions, enhancing evapotranspiration from vegetation and providing more combustible fuels. Furthermore, the El Niño phase in the central‐eastern Pacific Ocean is related to the weakened westerly moisture transport and moisture divergence that creates dry and warm conditions leading to increased fire activities. Thus, this study could be helpful for preparedness, management, and policy‐making to limit the multi‐dimensional losses in the ecosystem and society due to fire.
Alterations in resting‐state whole‐brain functional connectivity pattern similarity in bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Ping Liangliang , Zhou Cong , Sun Shan , Wang Wenqiang , Zheng Qi , You Zhiyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies have extensively demonstrated many signs of functionally spontaneous local neural activity abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) patients using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). However, how to identify the changes of voxel‐wise whole‐brain functional connectivity pattern and its corresponding functional connectivity changes remain largely unclear in BD patients. The current study aimed to investigate the voxel‐wise changes of functional connectivity patterns in BD patients using publicly available data from the UCLA CNP LA5c Study.MethodsA total of 45 BD patients and 115 healthy control subjects were finally included and whole‐brain functional connectivity homogeneity (FcHo) was calculated from their rs‐fMRI. Moreover, the alterations of corresponding functional connectivity were subsequently identified using seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity analysis.ResultsIndividuals with BD exhibited significantly lower FcHo values in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) when compared with controls. Functional connectivity findings further indicated decreased functional connectivities between left MTG and cluster 1 (left superior temporal gyrus, extend to middle temporal gyrus, rolandic operculum), cluster 2 (right postcentral, extend to right precentral) in BD patients. The mean FcHo values of left MTG were positively correlated with insomnia, middle scores and appetite increase scores. The mean functional connectivities of left MTG to cluster 1 were negatively correlated with grandiose delusions scores. While the functional connections between left MTG with cluster 2 were negatively correlated with delusions of reference and positively correlated with insomnia, middle scores in BD patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that abnormal FcHo and functional connections in those areas of the brain involving DMN and SMN networks might play a crucial role in the neuropathology of BD.
Personality traits of patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with anxiety and depression levels: A cross‐sectional case–control study
Authors: Ghahremani Amirali , Mosa Farkhani Sahar , Baniasadi Mahsa , Hojjat Seyed Kaveh , Namdar Ahmadabad Hasan , Salarbashi Davoud , Elyasi Sepideh , Davoodian Najmeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause severe disability and impair the quality of life (QoL).MethodsIn the current cross‐sectional, case–control study, we investigated personality traits, anxiety and depression levels, in 101 patients in the case group and 202 individuals as a control group. The personality traits of the participants were collected via the Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) questionnaire. We evaluated the level of anxiety and depression based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire.ResultsOur study showed in patients with disease duration above 1 year, the rates of agreement (29.78), anxiety (8.83), and depression level (6.39) were significantly higher than the control group (27.19, 6.47, and 4.97, respectively). Although patients with disease duration below 1 year showed a higher level of agreement and conscientiousness (29.65 and 34.35, respectively) than controls (26.6 and 30.86, respectively). The level of anxiety and depression in patients with a disability index above 4.5 was significantly higher than patients with a disability index below 1. Patients with a disability index below 1 showed a higher rate of extraversion and agreement and conscientiousness (31.47, 31.53, and 35.07, respectively) than controls (25.5, 26.23, and 3033, respectively). In addition, patients with a disability index above 4.5 showed a higher level of agreement (35.64), conscientiousness (35.5), anxiety (9.64), and depression (7.5) than controls (25.96, 30.71, 6.96, and 4.71, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, anxiety and depression levels were much higher among MS patients compared with controls and the severity of these conditions correlate with the score of the disability index. Therefore, a complete comprehension of these conditions by the neurologist could be vital in improving patients’ QoL and increasing compliance and adherence to pharmacological therapy.