bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Picking Force Studies on Pickling Cucumbers1
Authors: Burnham Milo , Peterson Clinton E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An instrument for determining the force required to pull the peduncle from a cucumber fruit is described. Picking force was studied using the pickling cucumber cultivars Wisconsin SMR-15, Ohio MR-17, and Wisconsin SMR-12 in 3 positions in the picking force instrument on 3 harvest dates. Picking force was more highly correlated with fruit length than fruit weight or diameter. Regression coefficients of picking force on fruit length were homogeneous for cultivars, stem positions, and harvest dates. Significant differences in mean picking forces were detected for cultivars, position of the fruit in the picking force instrument, and harvest dates. The cultivar sequence of increasing picking force was ‘Wisconsin SMR-12’, ‘Wisconsin SMR-15’, and ‘Ohio MR-17’.
Storage of Mature-Green Tomatoes in Controlled Atmospheres1
Authors: Parsons C. S. , Anderson R. E. , Penney R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato fruits, initially mature-green and held at 55° F for 6 weeks, kept significantly better in 3% O2 and zero CO2 than in air. Three or 5% CO2 combined with the low-O2 atmosphere did not materially affect the amount of decay, and sometimes resulted in CO2 injury. Mature-green tomatoes ripened to a full red when held in air for 6 weeks at 55°. When stored in an atmosphere containing 3% O2, tomatoes ripened to pink. Red color development was further retarded in a low-O2 atmosphere supplemented with 3 or 5% CO2.
Exposing mature-green tomatoes to air for 16 hours midway in a 6-week holding period in low-O2 did not affect the decay or color of the fruits while in storage as compared to a continuous holding in low-O2. After ripening, however, the tomatoes from the interrupted treatment did not keep as well as those from the continuous treatment.
Mature-green tomatoes stored at CO2 levels of 3 or 5% tended to be more acid after ripening than tomatoes held in CO2-free atmospheres.
Effect of Three Soil Moisture Regimes on the Growth and Anatomy of Pelargonium bortorum1,2
Authors: Metwally A. W. , Struckmeyer B. Esther , Beck G. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Dark Red Irene’ and ‘Princess Irene’ geraniums were subjected to low, medium, and high soil moisture regimes in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. A system was devised to maintain 3 moisture levels. Plant height, leaf area, and dry weight increased as soil moisture increased. Diameter of petioles and stems and thickness of leaves also increased as soil moisture increased. Number of xylem elements per unit area increased considerably in stems and petioles of plants grown in the high moisture regime, while phloem tissue was greater in plants grown in medium moisture. More vascular bundles were differentiated in leaves per unit as soil moisture decreased. ‘Princess Irene’ had fewer xylem and more phloem elements than ‘Dark Red Irene’, especially in plants grown in high soil moisture.
Comparison of Factors Influencing Fruit Size in Large-Fruited and Small-Fruited Clones of Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown G. R. , Brown E. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relative decline in fruit size from primary to secondary to tertiary positions on the inflorescence of large-fruited clones was much greater than for small-fruited clones. Large-fruited clones produced fruit with more achenes and larger achenes than did small-fruited clones. Fruit weight was positively correlated with total achenes per fruit, developed achenes per fruit, mean weight of total and developed achenes, and fruit weight per developed achene. These results lead to the conclusion that fruit size differences among strawberry clones are due to the combined effects of developed achene number, developed achene size, differential activity of achenes in producing growth hormones and differential sensitivity of receptacular tissue in responding to growth hormones.
Factors Affecting Pollination of Onions in Idaho During 19691
Authors: Nye W. P. , Waller G. D. , Waters Norman D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ratio of pollen-fertile to pollen-sterile rows was more than twice the recommended ratio. The activity of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., was largely limited to pollen collecting on the pollen parent rows; there was an average of 100 bees per 100 ft of row on the pollen-parent as compared with a maximum of 40 bees per 100 ft of row on the male-steriles. Bee activity and seed yields (which were generally unsatisfactory) decreased as the distance from the pollen rows increased. About half of the bees sampled at the hive entrances had pollen loads and about 8 percent of these were onion pollen. Samples from the pollen traps contained 6 percent onion pollen. Onion as a source of pollen is less attractive to honey bees than other sources in the area. The viability of onion pollen from flowers in the morning was 2 to 3 times greater than in the afternoon. Onion pollen taken from pollen traps did not germinate.
The Fate of Carbon and Nitrogen from Urea Applied to Foliage of Senescing Apple Trees1
Authors: Shim Kyung-Ku , Titus J. S. , Splittstoesser W. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urea was applied to the foliage of 1-year-old apple Malus pumila Rehd., cv. Mailing Merton 106 (MM 106) trees during senescence and the fate of the urea C and N determined. The urea C was readily released as CO2, but abscised leaves still contained 18% of the total. Only 5% of the urea C was found in storage tissues (shoot bark and wood, stem bark and wood, and roots). By the time the leaves abscised, this C was found primarily in protein, sugars, and amino acids of storage tissues. Small amounts of urea were still present. The urea N was translocated from the leaves as amino acids or urea. At leaf abscission, 30% of the initial N was still present in the leaves. During senescence, storage tissues from untreated trees increased 1.5-fold in N while similar tissues from urea-treated trees increased 3-fold. This additional N was found primarily in stem and shoot bark and in the roots. Small amounts of N were stored as amino acids but the bulk of the urea N was stored as protein.
Effects of Mowing on Three Species of Wild Flowers1
Authors: Salac S. S. , Hesse J. F. , Young J. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blooming of sweet rocket (Hesperis matronalis Linn.), butterfly milkweed (Ascelpias tuberosa Linn.), and Gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis Ait.) was delayed by mowing and extended for as much as 1 ½ months by using an appropriate mowing date. Compared to the unmowed plants of any 1 species, height of the lateral buds forced was reduced among the mowed plants regardless of the date when mowing was performed. Mowing resulted in the reduction of number of flowers in sweet rocket, reduced number of flowers, but increased number of inflorescences in Gray goldenrod, and had no effect on flowers of butterfly milkweed. All mowed and unmowed plants survived during the first growing season.
Socio-cultural and Biomedical Beliefs for Causalities and Healing of Diabetic
Mellitus Around the Globe: Systematic Review 2021
Authors: Simegn Wudneh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetic mellitus is the main public health problems now days in the world and the burden is higher in developing countries. Different anthropologic literatures were published to integrate socio cultural beliefs and biomedical practice for the management of diabetes mellites. The current study review anthropology perspectives of diabetic mellitus by using literatures conducted in the Globe and the relationship between health, socio cultural beliefs and biomedicine.

Methods:
This review included published studies in Electronic databases such as Pub Med, World Wide Science and Google scholar. Published studies from the search data base were exported to reference manager software, Endnote version 7 to remove duplicate studies. We screened the title and abstract, then the full-text as per settled inclusion criteria followed by full-text review to find eligible studies. Studies without abstract and/ or full text, unspecified reports, viewpoints and any systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. The protocol for this review was sent for registration on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] registration number CRD 237899.

Result:
The search have been collected a total of 72 studies in the world. Five articles were excluded due to duplication in each data base. About 47 articles and 15 articles were excluded based on the title and abstract screen respectively. After full-text reviews assessed one article was removed due to that comparative study and finally we have approved only 4 articles for systematic review.

Conclusion:
The review identified those beliefs about socio cultural, spiritual and biomedical aspects of the causalities, symptoms, and treatment. As there were limited studies in the world, we extracted data from few countries including Ethiopia. Almost all studies identified the socio-cultural causalities of diabetes mellitus as “hereditary, uncertainty, feeding habit and GOD”. The socio-cultural beliefs of healing also summarized as “GOD allows, holly water in Ethiopia only by orthodox Christians, traditional plants like Shiferaw or moringa also believed only in Ethiopia study, exercise, diet selection” were explained. All studies had brought that biomedical regimen were believed to bring healing in congruent with socio cultural beliefs.
Primary Epiploic Appendagitis of the Appendix Vermiformis
Authors: Kahveci Servet , Zitouni Soubhi , Abubakar Abdul Razak , Ikizceli Turkan , Ozturk Mehmet , Aksu Yusuf 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Introduction: Primary epiploic appendagitis, a relatively rare and self-limiting disease, often clinically mimics conditions of acute abdomen such as acute appendicitis and acute diverticulitis. It is important to make accurate diagnoses because its treatment is conservative. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic studies enable a reliable diagnosis to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. Here-in, we report a case of primary epiploic appendagitis of the appendix vermiformis with clinical, laboratory and CT findings in order to improve awareness of this condition.

Case Presentation:
A 29-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Her medical history was not significant for surgery. She had no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or fever. On physical examination she had right lower quadrant tenderness with mild defense and rebound upon palpation. The leukocyte count (6300 mm-3) and other laboratory parameters including urine tests were unremarkable. With these findings the provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made and CT examination (Mx 8000 IDT 16, Philips, USA) was done upon the request of the referring physicians. The abdominal CT showed normal appendix vermiformis. However, a fat density lesion surrounding a hyperdense rim was seen adjacent to the appendix vermiformis (Fig. 1). The diagnosis of PEA was thus established based on the characteristic radiologic findings. The patient was managed conservative treatment with pain medication as outpatient. After a one week follow-up the patient was observed to be symptom-free and concluded to has recovered fully by their physician..

Conclusion:
To conclude, PEA needs to be considered by emergency clinicians and radiologists in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. With this in mind it becomes easier for a substantive diagnosis to be made by ultrasound alone or in combination with CT to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions, antibiotherapy and hospitalizatio
Modeling of Austenite Grain Growth Behavior for AISI 302 Stainless Steel
Authors: Lenda Omar Ben , Benmaziane Sara , Saissi Soukaina , Zerrouk Latifa , Saad Elmadani 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Among the metals used in foundry, we find the austenitic stainless steels,
which are used in several fields because of their mechanical properties, which can change during the
heat treatments; for that, it is important to understand and control the growth of the austenite grains

Objective:
Modeling austenite grain growth by considering the effects of heating temperature, holding
time, and initial austenite grain size on austenite grain growth.

Methods:
In this paper, the austenite grain growth process of AISI 302 steel was studied in a temperature range of 900 to 1000 °C and a holding time of up to 360 minutes. Based on the experimental results
and a combination of Arrhenius and Sellars type equations, a mathematical model of austenite grain
growth was developed

Results:
From the experimental part, it was found that the increase in heating temperature caused the
dissolution of carbides; therefore, the size of austenite grains grew faster, implying a higher growth rate.
The prolongation of the holding time also led to the increase in the size of the austenite grains.

Conclusion:
Based on statistical indicators and a comparison between experimental and predicted results, the ability of the model to predict austenite grain growth was confirmed.
Properties of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete for two-layer reinforced cement structures
Authors: Khezhev T. A. , Khadzhishalapov G. N. , Shogenova F. M. , Artabaev A. Kh. , Mashukova M. Kh. 
Published: August 2022

Objective. Development of compositions of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composites for reinforced cement structures. Investigation of the properties of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete for two-layer reinforced cement structures.Method. Methods for increasing the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures are considered. Research is focused on the development of fire-retardant composites using expanded vermiculite and volcanic ash. To improve the physical and mechanical properties of the fire-retardant composite, a mixture of Portland cement, gypsum, lime, basalt fiber, saponified wood resin, volcanic ash and expanded vermiculite has been developed. For the study of vermiculite concretes reinforced with basalt fiber, a second-order rotatable plan of the regular hexagon type was used.Result. Fiber-vermiculite concretes are proposed, which have improved fire-retardant properties compared to known compositions. This is due to the better preservation of the fiber-vermiculite-concrete layer when heated as a result of fiber reinforcement. Also, thanks to the addition of SDO, the fire-retardant properties of the composite increase due to the additional porosity of the fiber-vermiculite-concrete. The parameters of the "stress-strain" diagram of a vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete have been obtained.Conclusion. Vermiculite concretes with an average density of 480-560 kg/m3 have the best fire-retardant properties. The developed two-layer reinforced cement structures have high fire resistance.
Influence of the span on the operation of large-span structures
Authors: Yusupov A. K. , Musеlеmov H. M. , Gapparov H. M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of a span on the operation of large-span structures; the features of the work of large-span coatings, which are widely used in the design and construction of modern buildings and structures, are considered and analyzed.Method. Designs and design techniques are given that allow designing buildings and structures with a large span. Examples of the calculation of a large-span frame are considered, the corresponding drawings are made, nodes and other details are given that can serve as a visual aid in the design of the relevant buildings and structures. Large-span beam trusses and frame systems are considered.Result. The main methods for reducing long-span bending moments, as well as design techniques that reduce span displacements, are proposed and tested.Conclusion. The developed design schemes of frames and trusses provide minimal metal costs, and also allow determining the influence of the parameters and geometry of frames and trusses on metal consumption.
An algorithm for using a cross-platform mobile application to protect information in cloud storage
Authors: Gazizov A. R. 
Published: August 2022

Objective. A high-quality "cloud storage" of data should ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information in the "storage". The use of "cloud storage" for storing information in backups is associated with their possible loss. Ensuring the confidentiality of information in the "cloud storage" implies that by "uploading" data to the "cloud storage", the user must be sure that an attacker will not be able to obtain information from the storage. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for using a cross-platform mobile application to protect information in the "cloud storage" of IS.Method. The study is based on the use of a cross-platform approach to creating applications.Result. The analysis of existing approaches and frameworks for the development of crossplatform mobile applications was carried out. It is proposed to create an application based on the Xamarin framework. To ensure the confidentiality of information, it is proposed to encrypt them before uploading data and backup copies of files. Encryption involves hiding the original type of the file from unauthorized use using crypto-algorithms, when the owner of the encryption key is the authorized user. To implement the function of encrypting data and backup copies of files uploaded to the "cloud storage", it is proposed to use the Rijndael symmetric block encryption algorithm, adopted as an encryption standard according to the results of the Advanced Encryption Standard (USA) competition.Conclusion. A cross-platform mobile application can be compiled and run efficiently under iOS and Android operating systems, encrypt files and upload them to the "cloud storage" with the possibility of subsequent decryption.
Жанр харал в калмыцкой поэзии ХХ в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khaninova Rimma M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In Kalmyk folklore, the genres of yöräl (well-wishing) and kharal (curse) cluster with magic poetry characterized by ritual and communicative functions. The latter genre remains understudied since informants had avoided uttering such narratives fearing their negative impacts, therefore the available records of kharals are much fewer than those containing yöräls. This affected essentials of kharals authored by 20th-century Kalmyk poets, including the former’s peripheral position in the genre system of Kalmyk lyrics and a small number of such poetic examples. The article discusses the genre of kharal in works by Mukebyun Basangov (1878–1944) and Bosya Sangadzhieva (1921–2001). Goals. The article seeks to examine three texts of the mentioned poets in the aspect of the folklore tradition. Materials and methods. The paper studies works of Kalmyk folklorists, ethnographers and historians. The to be investigated sources are one poem by Mukebyun Basangov and two poems by Bosya Sangadzhieva — the three titled ‘Kharal’ (‘Curse’) — created in Kalmyk in different years (1942 and 1966, 1991), including R. Khaninova’s artistic translation of B. Sangadzhieva’s text. The key research methods used are the historical/literary, historical/functional, comparative, quantitative ones, and that of descriptive poetics. Results. The study, firstly, reveals a connection between M. Basangov’s Kharal (1942) and the time of its creation (Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945) which determined its topic and problems raised, folk elements; secondly, two texts by B. Sangadzhieva are compared in ethnocultural and axiological perspectives; thirdly, it shows impacts of the folklore genre on poetic analogues; and finally, the work stresses a synthesis of yöräl and kharal genres observed in Kh. Syan-Belgin’s Satire on Yöräl and Kharal (1929). Conclusions. In Kalmyk poetry, the genre of kharal remained somewhat undeveloped only to stay in a periphery of the 20th-century genre system, which most likely resulted from specifics of the folklore source. So, the rare appeals of Kalmyk poets to this genre attest to the surviving tradition of avoiding negative impacts of the verbal component inherent to magic poetry of ancestors, and following the postulates of axiology and folk pedagogy.
Implementasi Qanun Aceh Nomor 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi Aceh Pasca 15 Tahun MoU Helsinki
Authors: Syuib Muhammad , Hasnawati Desi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Aceh is established as a logical consequence of peace agreement between the Government of Republic of Indonesia and Free Aceh Movement. Now, the peace period is turning into 15 years old. One aspect has been criticized so far, is the performance of KKR Aceh in implementing the agreement of MoU Helsinki, given, the institution has a vital role to advocate transitional justice in Aceh, especially for conflict victims. The research questions are how far the successful of KKR Aceh in advocating the justice for victims of conflict in Aceh and what are the advantages faced in the field. The research method is juridical empiric which is overseeing between the rules and the practice and also using cases approach. The result is, the performance of KKR Aceh is not running optimally yet in presenting the justice for victims of armed-conflict in Aceh, due to having the less support of financial and also human resource from government.Abstrak: Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi Aceh dibentuk sebagai konsekuensi logis dari kesepakatan damai antara Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka sebagaimana tertuang dalam MoU Helsinki. Kini, usia perdamaian itu sudah mencapai 15 tahun. Salah satu yang menjadi sorotan selama kurun waktu tersebut adalah kinerja Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi Aceh dalam menjalankan amanah MoU Helsinki. Mengingat lembaga ini memiliki peran penting untuk menghadirkan keadilan transisi di Aceh, khususnya bagi Korban konflik. Adapun yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana kiprah Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi Aceh dalam menghadirkan keadilan bagi korban konflik di Aceh serta hambatan-hambatan apa saja yang dihadapi dalam melaksanakan kerja-kerja KKR Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris yakni penelitian yang melihat antara aturan dan prakteknya di lapangan, sedangkan pendekatan yang dipakai adalah pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kiprah KKR Aceh belum berjalan maksimal dalam menghadirkan keadilan bagi korban konflik dikarenakan lemahnya dukungan anggaran dan juga sumber daya manusia dalam melaknsankan kerja-kerja KKR di lapangan.