bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcellular propagation of fibrillar α-synuclein from enteroendocrine to neuronal cells requires cell-to-cell contact and is Rab35-dependent
Authors: Rodrigues Paulla Vieira , de Godoy João Vitor Pereira , Bosque Beatriz Pelegrini , Amorim Neto Dionísio Pedro , Tostes Katiane , Palameta Soledad , Garcia-Rosa Sheila , Tonoli Celisa Caldana Costa , de Carvalho Hernandes Faustino , de Castro Fonseca Matheus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition featured by motor dysfunction, death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates. Growing evidence suggests that PD diagnosis happens late in the disease progression and that the pathology may originate much earlier in the enteric nervous system (ENS) before advancing to the brain, via autonomic fibers. It was recently described that a specific cell type from the gut epithelium named enteroendocrine cells (EECs) possess many neuron-like properties including αSyn expression. By facing the gut lumen and being directly connected with αSyn-containing enteric neurons in a synaptic manner, EECs form a neural circuit between the gastrointestinal tract and the ENS, thereby being a possible key player in the outcome of PD in the gut. We have characterized the progression and the cellular mechanisms involved in αSyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) transfer from EECs to neuronal cells. We show that brain organoids efficiently internalize αSyn PFF seeds which triggers the formation of larger intracellular inclusions. In addition, in the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1 and in the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y, αSyn PFFs induced intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillations on an extracellular Ca2+ source-dependent manner and triggered αSyn fibrils internalization by endocytosis. We characterized the spread of αSyn PFFs from enteroendocrine to neuronal cells and showed that this process is dependent on physical cell-to-cell contact and on Rab35 GTPase. Lastly, inhibition of Rab35 increases the clearance of αSyn fibrils by redirecting them to the lysosomal compartment. Therefore, our results reveal mechanisms that contribute to the understanding of how seeded αSyn fibrils promote the progression of αSyn pathology from EECs to neuronal cells shifting the focus of PD etiology to the ENS.
Differences in susceptibility of deciduous and permanent teeth to erosion exist, albeit depending on protocol design and method of assessment
Authors: Carvalho Thiago Saads , Lussi Adrian , Schlueter Nadine , Baumann Tommy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControversial results showing that deciduous teeth are more susceptible to erosion than permanent teeth might be related to study designs. We investigated how different conditions (pH: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0; acid agitation: gentle or vigorous; acid exposure times: 1–5 min) affect the susceptibility of both teeth to erosion. Enamel specimens (90 deciduous, 90 permanent) were distributed into groups (n = 15 permanent, n = 15 deciduous) according to acid pH (pH 5, 4 or 3) and agitation (gentle or vigorous) during erosive challenge. Both milder (less incubation time, gentle agitation, and higher pH) and more severe (longer incubation times, vigorous shaking, and lower pH) conditions were used. Demineralization was measured by relative surface microhardness (rSMH) and calcium released to the acid. Demineralization increased gradually for both teeth with increasing incubation time, agitation (gentle or vigorous), and with decreasing acid pH. The differences between deciduous and permanent teeth depended on the protocol design and assessment method. Under milder conditions, demineralization was better detectable with rSMH. Under more severe conditions, differences were more perceptible with calcium analyses. Differences exist in the susceptibility to erosion between deciduous and permanent teeth, but they are only distinguishable when the appropriate assessment method is used for the specific erosive condition.
Molecular investigation of possible relationships concerning bovine leukemia virus and breast cancer
Authors: Khan Zanib , Abubakar Muhammad , Arshed Muhammad Javed , Aslam Roohi , Sattar Sadia , Shah Naseer Ali , Javed Sundus , Tariq Aamira , Bostan Nazish , Manzoor Shumaila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWorldwide, breast cancer has an eminent morbidity and mortality rate, as it is a neoplastic disease among females. The query of the prospective danger of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to humans is an old but exceedingly topical focus of scientific debate. The objective of the current study was to determine the possible relationship between BLV and breast cancer. A total of 2710 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples were selected regardless of the age, ethnicity, or municipality origin of the subjects. The presence of BLV in human breast cancer was determined through nested PCR by amplifyingtaxandgaggenes followed by partial sequencing. Homology was confirmed by using the online BLAST Tool. BLV genes were found to be positive in 26.8% (728/2710) of the samples from breast cancer patients and 10% (10/80) of the samples without cancer (negative control). The results indicated a correlation between the presence of the BLV gene and breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.3889; confidence interval = 1,18; p = 0.0029). The current findings suggest a possible link between BLV and human breast carcinoma. Therefore, screening cattle herds and milk products is suggested to reduce the viral transmission risk to humans.
Economic value of three grassland ecosystem services when managed at the regional and farm scale
Authors: Huber Robert , Le’Clec’h Solen , Buchmann Nina , Finger Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrasslands cover a major share of the world’s agricultural land and their management influences ecosystem services. Spatially targeted policy instruments can increase the provision of ecosystem services by exploiting how they respond to spatial differences in environmental characteristics such as altitude, slope, or soil quality. However, most policy instruments focus on individual farms, where spatial differences are small. Here we assess the economic value of three grassland ecosystem services (i.e., forage provision, carbon sequestration, and habitat maintenance) and its variability in a Swiss region of 791 km2 that consists of 19,000 farmland parcels when managed at the regional and farm scale, respectively. Our spatially explicit bio-economic simulation approach combines biophysical information on grassland ecosystem services and their economic values. We find that in our case study region, spatial targeting on a regional scale management increases the economic value of ecosystem services by 45% compared to targeting at farm scale. We also find that the heterogeneity of economic values coming from prices and willingness to pay estimates is higher than the economic gains from spatial targeting that make use of the spatial difference in environmental characteristics. This implies that heterogeneity in prices and/or societal demand of these three ecosystem services is more important for grassland management than spatial heterogeneity in our case study region. The here applied framework allows for an ex-ante assessment of economic gains from spatial targeting and thus provides basic information for the implementation of incentive mechanisms addressing the nexus of food production and ecosystem service provision in grasslands.
Approach to map nanotopography of cell surface receptors
Authors: Franke Christian , Chum Tomáš , Kvíčalová Zuzana , Glatzová Daniela , Gentsch Gregor Jörg , Rodriguez Alvaro , Helmerich Dominic A. , Herdly Lucas , Mavila Harsha , Frank Otakar , Brdička Tomáš , van de Linde Sebastian , Cebecauer Marek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCells communicate with their environment via surface receptors, but nanoscopic receptor organization with respect to complex cell surface morphology remains unclear. This is mainly due to a lack of accessible, robust and high-resolution methods. Here, we present an approach for mapping the topography of receptors at the cell surface with nanometer precision. The method involves coating glass coverslips with glycine, which preserves the fine membrane morphology while allowing immobilized cells to be positioned close to the optical surface. We developed an advanced and simplified algorithm for the analysis of single-molecule localization data acquired in a biplane detection scheme. These advancements enable direct and quantitative mapping of protein distribution on ruffled plasma membranes with near isotropic 3D nanometer resolution. As demonstrated successfully for CD4 and CD45 receptors, the described workflow is a straightforward quantitative technique to study molecules and their interactions at the complex surface nanomorphology of differentiated metazoan cells.
Non-invasive human skin transcriptome analysis using mRNA in skin surface lipids
Authors: Inoue Takayoshi , Kuwano Tetsuya , Uehara Yuya , Yano Michiko , Oya Naoki , Takada Naoto , Tanaka Shodai , Ueda Yui , Hachiya Akira , Takahashi Yoshito , Ota Noriyasu , Murase Takatoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon-invasive acquisition of mRNA data from the skin can be extremely useful for understanding skin physiology and diseases. Inspired by the holocrine process, in which the sebaceous glands secrete cell contents into the sebum, we focused on the possible presence of mRNAs in skin surface lipids (SSLs). We found that measurable levels of human mRNAs exist in SSLs, where the sebum protects them from degradation by RNases. The AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis was modified to measure SSL-RNA levels, and our results revealed that the SSL-RNAs predominantly comprised mRNAs derived from sebaceous glands, the epidermis, and hair follicles. Analysis of SSL-RNAs non-invasively collected from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased expression of terminal differentiation-related genes, consistent with the results of previous reports. Further, we found that lipid synthesis-related genes were downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with atopic dermatitis. These results indicate that the analysis of SSL-RNAs is a promising strategy to understand the pathophysiology of skin diseases.
An embayment in the East Antarctic basement constrains the shape of the Rodinian continental margin
Authors: Jordan Tom A. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Forsberg René 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEast Antarctic provinces lay at the heart of both Rodinian and Gondwanan supercontinents, yet poor exposure and limited geophysical data provide few constraints on the region’s tectonic evolution. The shape of the Mawson Continent, the stable nucleus of East Antarctica, is one of Antarctica’s most important, but contested features, with implications for global plate reconstructions and local tectonic models. Here we show a major marginal embayment 500–700 km wide, cuts into the East Antarctic basement in the South Pole region. This embayment, defined by new aeromagnetic and other geophysical data, truncates the Mawson Continent, which is distinct from basement provinces flanking the Weddell Sea. We favour a late Neoproterozoic rifting model for embayment formation and discuss analogies with other continental margins. The embayment and associated basement provinces help define the East Antarctic nucleus for supercontinental reconstructions, while the inherited marginal geometry likely influenced evolution of the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana.
Nature-based solutions in mountain catchments reduce impact of anthropogenic climate change on drought streamflow
Authors: Holden Petra B. , Rebelo Alanna J. , Wolski Piotr , Odoulami Romaric C. , Lawal Kamoru A. , Kimutai Joyce , Nkemelang Tiro , New Mark G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantifying how well Nature-based Solutions can offset anthropogenic climate change impacts is important for adaptation planning, but has rarely been done. Here we show that a widely-applied Nature-based Solution in South Africa – invasive alien tree clearing – reduces the impact of anthropogenic climate change on drought streamflow. Using a multi-model joint-attribution of climate and landscape-vegetation states during the 2015–2017 Cape Town “Day Zero” drought, we find that anthropogenic climate change reduced streamflow by 12–29% relative to a counterfactual world with anthropogenic emissions removed. This impact on streamflow was larger than corresponding reductions in rainfall (7–15%) and reference evapotranspiration (1.7–2%). Clearing invasive alien trees could have ameliorated streamflow reductions by 3–16% points for moderate invasions levels. Preventing further invasive alien tree spread avoided potential additional reductions of 10–27% points. Total clearing could not have offset the anthropogenic climate change impact completely. Invasive alien tree clearing is an important form of catchment restoration for managing changing hydroclimatic risk, but will need to be combined with other adaptation options as climate change accelerates.
Renal mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of CKD: mtDNA and mitomiRs
Authors: Irazabal Maria V. , Chade Alejandro R. , Eirin Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern that affects over 200 million people worldwide and is associated with a tremendous economic burden. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underpinning CKD is crucial to decelerate its progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal tubular cells are populated with a high number of mitochondria, which produce cellular energy and modulate several important cellular processes, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has implicated renal mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of common etiologies of CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic renal ischemia, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). However, most compelling evidence is based on preclinical studies because renal biopsies are not routinely performed in many patients with CKD. Previous studies have shown that urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of renal mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging data also suggest that CKD is associated with altered expression of mitochondria-related microRNAs (mitomiRs), which localize in mitochondria and regulate the expression of mtDNA and nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes. This review summarizes relevant evidence regarding the involvement of renal mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in frequent forms of CKD. We further provide an overview of non-invasive biomarkers and potential mechanisms of renal mitochondrial damage, especially focusing on mtDNA and mitomiRs.
BWPT: Binary weight partial‐sum table for BNN/BWN acceleration
Authors: Luo Mengjie , Wang Xiaoqin , Yu Baoying , Wang Dingyi , Zhou Yumei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis letter proposes a novel architecture used in processing elements (PEs) to accelerate binary neural networks (BNNs) and binary weight networks (BWNs). We use the partial‐sum value of weights with matching input activation to form a lookup table, named binary weight partial‐sum table (BWPT). Following that, the constructed BWPT PE improves the computing efficiency in a variety of data flows. The proposed design has a 3× lower power delay product than the baseline PE and reduces the power consumption by 11.2%, 7.1% and 5.4% compared to 3‐bit activation lookup table‐based PE (LBPE3), 3‐bit reduction tree PE and baseline PE, respectively.
Information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure supporting smart local energy systems: A review
Authors: Vedantham Lakshmi Srinivas , Zhou Yue , Wu Jianzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSmart local energy systems (SLES) have been reported in the past decade, which are associated with diverse energy carriers, components and objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure of SLES. A systematic survey of existing research work and industrial projects was provided to highlight, categorise and analyse the ICT infrastructure, which lays the foundation for the successful functioning of SLES. First of all, various SLES measurements are described and categorised based on the energy carriers and technologies. Then, communications infrastructure for SLES is described with communications technologies summarised. Moreover, the ICT infrastructures for SLES are categorised and summarised based on their objectives and technologies. Finally, the challenges and recommendations are presented. The findings from this paper are intended to serve as a convenient reference for developing future SLES.
Recent star formation history of the dwarf irregular galaxy Leo A
Authors: Leščinskaitė Alina , Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas 
Published: March 2022

Context.Leo A is a gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy of low stellar mass and metallicity. Its star formation history extends up to ∼10 Gyr. A few prominent H II regions indicate that star formation processes are active in the galaxy to this day. In the present epoch, Leo A is a highly isolated galaxy, which allows for it to be studied in a self-propagating star formation regime.
Aims. Our aim is to study the recent star formation history of the Leo A galaxy over the last ∼300 Myr.
Methods. We analysed populations of main sequence (MS) and blue helium-burning (BHeB – ‘blue loop’) stars using multi-colour photometry data obtained with the Subaru/Suprime-Cam (B, V, R, I, Hα) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (F475W and F814W) cameras. We made use of colour-magnitude diagrams and stellar isochrones to determine individual ages of the BHeB stars, which enabled us to study the spatial distribution of these stars in different age bins. In addition, we used Hα emission and H I column density maps to study the relationship between young stellar populations and the surrounding interstellar medium.
Results. We found that significant differences are visible in the morphology of stellar distributions represented by the BHeB and MS stars of different ages. We also studied a well-known H I hole in the Leo A galaxy and found that there is a noticeable difference in the surface number density of stars in the western and eastern parts of the hole. The bright young (< 20 Myr) MS stars residing in the western part of the hole indicate the recent star-forming activity in this region after the quiescent period of ∼300 Myr. Furthermore, there is a shock front (prominent in Hα) that closely resembles the shape of the western edge of the H I hole. This shock front could have been formed by the combined stellar feedback from the young MS stars or a Type II supernova located within the H I hole. Additionally, an analysis of the Suprime-Cam photometry in Hα and R passbands enabled us to identify 17 stars with a prominent Hα emission (Hα − R ≤ −0.06) which indicate the presence of early-type (Be, B[e], or A-shell) emission-line stars in the Leo A galaxy.
Jupiter’s inhomogeneous envelope
Authors: Miguel Y. , Bazot M. , Guillot T. , Howard S. , Galanti E. , Kaspi Y. , Hubbard W. B. , Militzer B. , Helled R. , Atreya S. K. , Connerney J. E. P. , Durante D. , Kulowski L. , Lunine J. I. , Stevenson D. , Bolton S. 
Published: March 2022

Context.While Jupiter’s massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the key to understanding Jupiter’s formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the remaining (heavy) elements. Before the Juno mission, the lack of high-precision gravity harmonics precluded the use of statistical analyses in a robust determination of the heavy-element distribution in Jupiter’s envelope.Aims.In this paper, we assemble the most comprehensive and diverse collection of Jupiter interior models to date and use it to study the distribution of heavy elements in the planet’s envelope.Methods.We apply a Bayesian statistical approach to our interior model calculations, reproducing the Juno gravitational and atmospheric measurements and constraints from the deep zonal flows.Results.Our results show that the gravity constraints lead to a deep entropy of Jupiter corresponding to a 1 bar temperature that is 515 K higher than traditionally assumed. We also find that uncertainties in the equation of state are crucial when determining the amount of heavy elements in Jupiter’s interior. Our models put an upper limit to the inner compact core of Jupiter of 7MEarth, independently of the structure model (with or without a dilute core) and the equation of state considered. Furthermore, we robustly demonstrate that Jupiter’s envelope is inhomogeneous, with a heavy-element enrichment in the interior relative to the outer envelope. This implies that heavy-element enrichment continued through the gas accretion phase, with important implications for the formation of giant planets in our Solar System and beyond.
Quality of life and sleep in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome according to different diagnostic criteria and inflammatory bowel diseases: A comparison using data from a population-based survey
Authors: Schwille-Kiuntke Juliane , Ittermann Till , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Lerch Markus M. , Völzke Henry , Rieger Monika A. , Enck Paul , Schauer Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background A proportion of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affected patients does not fulfil Rome criteria despite considerable impairment similarly to that in patients with organic gastrointestinal diseases.This investigation aims to examine differences regarding Mental (MQoL), Physical Quality of Life (PQoL), and sleep between IBS according to Rome III (IBS Rome), clinically defined IBS, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and non-IBS/non-IBD individuals.
Methods Data from SHIP-Trend (Study of Health in Pomerania, 2008–2012), a population-based cohort study in Germany, were used.
Results Response was 50.1% (N = 4420). Prevalence was 3.5% for IBS Rome (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0 – 4.1%, n = 148), 0.6% for clinically defined IBS (CI: 0.4 – 0.9%, n = 27), and 0.8% for IBD (CI: 0.6 – 1.1%, n = 34). Individuals with IBS Rome (4.54 (CI: –5.92; –3.17)) and clinically defined IBS (4.69 (CI: –7.82; –1.56)) had lower scores for MQoL compared to the non-IBS/non-IBD group. PQoL scores were lowered in IBS Rome (6.39 (CI: –7.89; –4.88)) and IBD (5.37 (CI: –8.51; –2.22)), but not in clinically defined IBS compared to the non-IBS/non-IBD group. IBS Rome was the only gastroenterological condition with higher odds of sleeping problems (odds ratio (OR) “falling asleep”: 1.74; CI: 1.29; 2.36; OR “remaining asleep”: 1.73; CI: 1.26; 2.38).
Conclusions IBS Rome is associated with reduced MQoL, PQoL, and sleep problems. Clinically defined IBS is associated only with reduced MQoL. Heterogeneity within IBS affected patients should be considered in clinical routine and screening for daily life impairment should be performed.