bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously estimating food web connectance and structure with uncertainty
Authors: Gupta Anubhav , Furrer Reinhard , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Food web models explain and predict the trophic interactions in a food web, and they can infer missing interactions among the organisms. The allometric diet breadth model (ADBM) is a food web model based on the foraging theory. In the ADBM, the foraging parameters are allometrically scaled to body sizes of predators and prey. In Petchey et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008; 105: 4191), the parameterization of the ADBM had two limitations: (a) the model parameters were point estimates and (b) food web connectance was not estimated.

The novelty of our current approach is: (a) We consider multiple predictions from the ADBM by parameterizing it with approximate Bayesian computation, to estimate parameter distributions and not point estimates. (b) Connectance emerges from the parameterization, by measuring model fit using the true skill statistic, which takes into account prediction of both the presences and absences of links.

We fit the ADBM using approximate Bayesian computation to 12 observed food webs from a wide variety of ecosystems. Estimated connectance was consistently greater than previously found. In some of the food webs, considerable variation in estimated parameter distributions occurred and resulted in considerable variation (i.e., uncertainty) in predicted food web structure.

These results lend weight to the possibility that the observed food web data is missing some trophic links that do actually occur. It also seems likely that the ADBM likely predicts some links that do not exist. The latter could be addressed by accounting in the ADBM for additional traits other than body size. Further work could also address the significance of uncertainty in parameter estimates for predicted food web responses to environmental change.
Social associations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Insights from induced feeding aggregations for targeted management strategies
Authors: Hundt Peter J. , White Lauren A. , Craft Meggan E. , Bajer Przemyslaw G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeterogeneity in social interactions can have important consequences for the spread of information and diseases and consequently conservation and invasive species management. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are a highly social, ubiquitous, and invasive freshwater fish. Management strategies targeting foraging carp may be ideal because laboratory studies have suggested that carp can learn, have individual personalities, a unique diet, and often form large social groups. To examine social feeding behaviors of wild carp, we injected 344 carp with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and continuously monitored their feeding behaviors at multiple sites in a natural lake in Minnesota, USA. The high‐resolution, spatio‐temporal data were analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Based on these associations, we analyzed group size, feeding bout duration, and the heterogeneity and connectivity of carp social networks at foraging sites. Wild carp responded quickly to bait, forming aggregations most active from dusk to dawn. During the 2020 baiting period (20 days), 133 unique carp were detected 616,593 times. There was some evidence that feeding at multiple sites was constrained by basin geography, but not distance alone. GMM results suggested that feeding bouts were short, with frequent turnover of small groups. Individual foraging behavior was highly heterogeneous with Gini coefficients of 0.79 in 2020 and 0.66 in 2019. “Superfeeders”—those contributing to 80% of total cumulative detections (top 18% and top 29% of foragers in 2020 and 2019 respectively)—were more likely to be detected earlier at feeding stations, had larger body sizes, and had higher network measures of degree, weighted degree, and betweenness than non‐superfeeders. Overall, our results indicate that wild carp foraging is social, easily induced by bait, dominated by large‐bodied individuals, and potentially predictable, which suggests social behaviors could be leveraged in management of carp, one of the world's most recognizable and invasive fish.
Interspecific differences in the responses of root phosphatase activities and morphology to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Bornean tropical rain forests
Authors: Hirano Yu , Kitayama Kanehiro , Imai Nobuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil organic phosphorus (P) compounds can be the main P source for plants in P‐limited tropical rainforests. Phosphorus occurs in diverse chemical forms, including monoester P, diester P, and phytate, which require enzymatic hydrolysis by phosphatase into inorganic P before assimilation by plants. The interactions between plant interspecific differences in organic P acquisition strategies via phosphatase activities with root morphological traits would lead to P resource partitioning, but they have not been rigorously evaluated. We measured the activities of three classes of phosphatases (phosphomonoesterase, PME; phosphodiesterase, PDE; and phytase, PhT), specific root length (SRL), root diameter, and root tissue density in mature tree species with different mycorrhizal associations (ectomycorrhizal [ECM] or arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM]) and different successional status (climax or pioneer species) in Sabah, Malaysia. We studied nitrogen (N)‐ and P‐fertilized plots to evaluate the acquisition strategies for organic P under P‐limited conditions 7 years after fertilization was initiated. P fertilization reduced the PME activity in all studied species and reduced PhT and PDE activities more in climax species than in the two pioneer species, irrespective of the mycorrhizal type. PDE activity increased in some climax species after N fertilization, suggesting that these species allocate excess N to the synthesis of PDE. Moreover, PME and PhT activities, but not PDE activity, correlated positively with SRL. We suggest that climax species tend to be more strongly dependent on recalcitrant organic P (i.e., phytate and/or diester P) than pioneer species, regardless of the mycorrhizal type. We also suggest that trees in which root PME or PhT activity is enhanced can increase their SRL to acquire P efficiently. Resource partitioning of soil organic P would occur among species through differences in their phosphatase activities, which plays potentially ecologically important role in reducing the competition among coexisting tree species in lowland tropical rainforests.
Wind and fire: Rapid shifts in tree community composition following multiple disturbances in the southern boreal forest
Authors: Anoszko Elias , Frelich Lee E. , Rich Roy L. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnder a warming climate, the southern boreal forest of North America is expected to see a doubling in fire frequency and potential for increased wind disturbance over the next century. Although boreal forests are often considered fire‐adapted, projected increases in disturbance frequency will likely result in novel combinations of disturbances with severities and impacts on community composition outside historic norms. Using a network of repeatedly measured vegetation monitoring plots, we followed changes in tree community composition in areas of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW), in Minnesota, USA, experiencing disturbances ranging from severe windstorms or wildfires to areas affected by wind followed by fire or multiple fires within a short period of time. Using nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination, hierarchical cluster analysis, and permutational analysis of variance, we compared successional pathways across different disturbance types and combinations to test whether multiple disturbances had altered successional pathways or caused greater convergence relative to single disturbances. We found that multiple disturbances often resulted in strong shifts toward wind‐dispersed early‐successional tree species, while single disturbances tended to have multiple successional pathways that favored both late‐ and early‐successional species. All disturbances in our study resulted in significant shifts in composition, but we generally failed to find statistical evidence of changes in community dispersion. Although boreal forests appear to be somewhat resilient to multiple disturbance events, multiple disturbances resulted in post‐disturbance tree communities that were heavily dominated by disturbance‐adapted deciduous trees at the expense of conifers. Our results demonstrate that multiple disturbances are capable of altering successional pathways relative to single disturbance events and that increasingly frequent disturbances are likely to alter boreal forest structure and composition, perhaps leading to a forest region strikingly unlike that of today.
Development and Characterisation of Highly Conjugated Functionalised Ferrocenylene Macrocycles
Authors: Sheppard Stephanie A. , Bennett Troy L. R. , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple synthetic pathways were explored for the preparation of ethynylarene‐containing ferrocenylene macrocyles. Accordingly, the synthesis of novel bis‐ and tris‐ferrocenylene macrocycles, containing a diethynylpyridine bridging group was achieved, and evidence is also provided for a number of linear‐analogues formed as by‐products. The electrochemical properties of the macrocycles were examined, and it was shown that the number of observable redox processes does not necessarily correlate with the number of redox active centres. Additionally, examination of the comproportionation constants of the tris‐ferrocenylene macrocycle demonstrated that the monocationic and dicationic species could be assigned to class II and I/II borderline of the Robin‐Day classification, respectively. The synthesis of these molecules presents an opportunity towards the development of conjugated ferrocenylene macrocycles for electronic applications.
Chronotypes and disabling musculoskeletal pain: A Finnish birth cohort study
Authors: Heikkala Eveliina , Oura Petteri , Korpela Tuukka , Karppinen Jaro , Paananen Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that chronotype, the individual preference for 24‐h circadian rhythms, influences health. Sleep problems and mental distress are amongst the greatest risk factors for musculoskeletal (MS) pain. The aims of this study were first, to explore the associations between chronotypes and MS pain, with special reference to disabling MS pain and second, to test whether mental distress and insomnia have a modifying role in the associations between chronotypes and MS pain.MethodsThe dataset of 4961 individuals was composed of Northern Finns surveyed on MS pain, chronotypes and confounding factors (sex, insomnia, sleep duration, smoking, mental distress, occupational status, education level and number of coexisting diseases) at 46 years. The relationships between chronotypes (evening [E], intermediate [I] and morning [M]) and MS pain were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. To address the second aim, we included an interaction term (chronotype*mental distress, chronotype*insomnia) in the logistic model.ResultsCompared to the M‐types, both the E‐ and I‐types had increased odds of suffering ‘disabling pain’ in the unadjusted model (odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–2.33; OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.29–1.84, respectively). However, the association remained statistically significant only after adjusting for all covariates amongst the I‐types (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.67). Neither mental distress nor insomnia was found to modify the chronotype–MS pain association.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of chronotypes for individuals’ MS health but suggest the presence of confounding factors in the interplay between these factors.SignificanceThis study shows that evening and intermediate chronotypes are associated with disabling MS pain, but that mental distress, insomnia and coexisting diseases also play a role in these associations.
Seismic demands of steel moment resisting frames with inelastic beam‐to‐column web panel zones
Authors: Skiadopoulos Andronikos , Lignos Dimitrios G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper intends to provide quantitative seismic response characteristics of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with inelastic beam‐to‐column panel zone joints. Two modeling approaches are proposed for this purpose along with a methodology to consider the fracture potential at the bottom beam flange in steel MRFs due to panel zone kinking. Both approaches, which are validated with available experiments, preserve the behavioral insights of inelastic panel zones. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are then conducted to quantify the seismic demands of 32 prototype steel MRFs while their panel zones exhibit various levels of inelastic deformations. Engineering demand parameter hazard curves are developed to interpret the results for a risk‐targeted seismic performance. The results demonstrate that steel MRFs with panel zone shear distortions of 10 to 15 times the shear distortion at yield, , have a mean annual frequency of collapse ranging from to , which is up to two times lower than corresponding results with code‐compliant steel MRFs (i.e., It is shown that steel MRFs with inelastic deformations of 10 in their panel zones, (a) enjoy up to 50% reduction in residual story drift ratios at a design basis earthquake; (b) their beam‐to‐column connections do not experience fractures due to panel zone kinking; and (c) local buckling in steel beams is very limited even at low probability of occurrence earthquakes. The above hold true when the current detailing and fabrication practice is employed. The findings have implications on seismic design and the post‐seismic repairability of steel MRFs.
Clustering and parallel indexing of big IoT data in the fog‐cloud computing level
Authors: Khettabi Karima , Kouahla Zineddine , Farou Brahim , Seridi Hamid , Ferrag Mohamed Amine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the large amount of heterogeneous data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and devices made recording and research tasks much more difficult, and most of the state‐of‐the‐art methods have failed to deal with the new IoT requirements. This article proposes a new efficient method that simplifies data indexing and enhances the quality and velocity of the similarity query search in the IoT environment. In this method, the fog layer was divided into two levels. In the clustering fog level, the incremental density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm was used to separate collected data into clusters in order to minimize data overlap during in parallel indexes construction. Parallelism was also used, in the indexing fog level to speed up the similarity‐based search process and speed up the similarity‐based search process. The data in each cluster were indexed using our proposed structure called B3CF‐tree (binary tree based on containers at the cloud‐clusters fog computing level). The objects in the leaf nodes of the B3CF‐trees are, finally, stored in the cloud. Using this approach for computing multiple datasets, the retrieve time of the similarity search is significantly reduced. The experimental results showed that the combination of DBSCAN clustering and parallel indexing make the B3CF‐trees outperform the latest real data indexing methods. For example, in terms of quality, the B3CF‐tree has the smallest number of nodes and leaf nodes. In addition, the use of parallelism during kNN search reduced, significantly, the retrieve time of the similarity query search.
A review for Japanese auroral records on the three extreme space weather events around the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958)
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke , Hata Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar Cycle 19 was probably the greatest solar cycle over the last four centuries and significantly disrupted the solar‐terrestrial environments with a number of solar eruptions and resultant geomagnetic storms. At its peak, the International Geophysical Year (IGY: 1957–1958) was organised under international collaborations and benefitted scientific developments, capturing multiple unique extreme space weather events including the third and fourth greatest geomagnetic storms in the space age. In this article, we review and analyse original records of Japanese auroral observations around the IGY. These observations were organised by Masaaki Huruhata in collaboration with professional observatories and citizen contributors. We have digitised and documented these source documents, which comprise significant auroral displays in March 1957 (minimum Dst = −255 nT), September 1957 (minimum Dst = −427 nT), and February 1958 (minimum Dst = −426 nT). These records allow us to visualise temporal and spatial evolutions of these auroral displays, reconstruct their equatorward auroral boundaries down to 41.5°, 38.3°, and 33.3° in invariant latitudes, and contextualise their occurrences following contemporary geomagnetic disturbances. Our results have been compared with significant auroral displays during other extreme space weather events. These aurorae generally showed reddish colourations occasionally with yellowish rays. Their colourations are attributed to reddish oxygen emission and its mixture with greenish oxygen emission. Overall, these archival records provide the references for future discussions on the auroral activities during the uniquely intense and extreme space weather events.
Pet ownership supports quality of life in home‐dwelling people with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Välimäki Tarja , Koivisto Anne , Kärkkäinen Virve , Selander Tuomas , Hongisto Kristiina , Rusanen Minna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesHuman‐animal interactions have beneficial psychosocial and psychophysiological effects on individuals in both the presence and absence of medical health conditions. No previous prospective studies with long follow‐up have investigated the effects of domestic pets on individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who live at home. We examined the effects of pets on quality of life (QoL) and general well‐being during a 5‐year follow‐up of home‐dwelling persons with AD.MethodsIn a prospective study including 223 patients with very mild (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale [CDR] 0.5) or mild (CDR 1) AD at baseline who participated in the ALSOVA study, 40 (18%) had a pet. Self‐ and proxy‐rated QoL in AD quality of life‐AD (QoL‐AD), 15D, and self‐rated visual analogic scale (VAS) were assessed annually for 3 years and after 5 years. The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and CDR sum of boxes (CDR sum of boxes) were measured at the same visits.ResultsA significant positive effect of pet ownership (p = 0.003, proxy‐rated QoL‐AD) on QoL was found over the entire follow‐up. However, self‐rated QoL‐AD, 15D, and VAS did not significantly differ between pet owners and non‐pet owners.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that having a pet may support QoL in home‐dwelling persons with AD. Self‐rated or general QoL or well‐being measurements are not an accurate method for studying QoL in individuals with dementia over time due to a lack of insight. Adding proxy‐rated evaluations to this kind of study is recommended.
Extending the vadose zone: Characterizing the role of snow for liquid water storage and transmission in streamflow generation
Authors: Webb Ryan W. , Musselman Keith N. , Ciafone Siobhan , Hale Katherine E. , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStreamflow response in headwater catchments is highly sensitive to the hydrologic connectivity of hillslopes to streams during spring snowmelt. Despite strong evidence at point‐ to plot‐scales of flow paths creating lateral connectivity within an alpine snowpack, meltwater is commonly assumed to infiltrate vertically through the snowpack. Hydrologic models only treat the horizontal (downstream) routing of water once released from the snowpack and/or soil column. This assumption limits our ability to represent the full dynamic nature of hydrologic connections in snow‐dominated mountainous headwaters. Thus, the goal of this study is to assess the mechanisms that control the spatiotemporal distribution of liquid water in an alpine snowpack during the spring snowmelt season. We utilize terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and manual observations to map the seasonal dynamics of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and within‐snow liquid water content (LWC). We compare these observations to point‐scale parameter sensitivity analyses with a modular snow model (SUMMA). The results show high spatial variability of LWC in an alpine snowpack during snowmelt. Statistical analyses show LWC is most highly correlated to snow depth (r2 = 0.62). However, including the distance to bare soil and topographical slope slightly improved the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.67). While hydrologic models have the flexibility to simulate many of the observed dynamics in snowpack liquid water storage, model simulations using previously published parameter ranges always underestimated the high liquid water storage at one of the three sites. This is likely a result of current model structures that lack capabilities for surface ponding of water within a snowpack or surface runoff laterally through a snowpack. Our slope‐scale characterization of the spatiotemporal distribution of in‐snow LWC, together with a model‐based sensitivity assessment, will inform future efforts in hydrologic model development and catchment observations.
Personality predictors of 6‐month readmission in adult psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Cruess Dean G. , Sullivan Matthew C. , Strainge Lauren , Blackmon Jaime E. , Laumann Laura , Wheeler David , Cruess Stacy E. 
Published: March 2022

Readmission of psychiatric inpatients is highly prevalent and places a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Rehospitalisation is often used as a metric of quality of care in psychiatric settings, but little is known about how specific personality traits impact readmission in adult psychiatric inpatients. A convenience sample of 94 adults (mean age = 36.8 years; female = 54.3%; European American = 76.6%) at an inpatient psychiatric hospital completed the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5‐Brief Form (PID‐5‐BF; American Psychiatric Association, 2013); demographic and medical information and readmission data were extracted via chart review. Poisson regression was used to predict number of readmissions at 6 months after discharge from PID‐5‐BF domain scores of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism. Twenty‐three patients (24.5%) were readmitted at least once by 6‐month follow‐up. Higher PID‐5‐BF Negative Affectivity domain scores predicted greater number of readmissions at 6 months (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.14, robust standard error (RSE) = 0.05, p < .01, 95% confidence interval [1.04, 1.25]). The other PID‐5‐BF domain scores were not significantly related to number of readmissions. Thus, greater negative affect, indicative of higher trait neuroticism, heightened experience of negative emotions and poor self‐concept, was a significant personality predictor of readmission in the study. These results suggest that assessing this trait domain might help to identify psychiatric inpatients at greater risk for readmission and determine those most in need of enhanced services to reduce rehospitalisation.