bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh User Interface Dan User Experience Platform Online Menggunakan Metode Heuristik
Authors: Adinegoro Arifiyanto H , Aziza Rifda Faticha Alfa , Mufhadhal M. Faisal 
Published: August 2022

INTISARIUser interface dan user experience merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam membangun website, mengingat semakin efektif dan efisien suatu desain maka semakin betah pula pengguna untuk berlama-lama di website tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil dari mengevaluasi desain user interface dan user experience yang diterapkan pada website Tokopedia menggunakan metode evaluasi heuristik. Metode heuristik memiliki 10 aspek yang menjadi parameter apakah user interface dan user experience tersebut berinteraksi terhadap pengguna dengan baik atau tidak. Cara kerja metode ini yaitu dengan menyebar kuisioner dengan meminta responden ahli untuk mengisinya yang mana isi dari kuisioner ini berkaitan dengan 10 aspek dari metode ini, sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan dan saran. Hasil dari evaluasi heuristik dengan studi kasus website Tokopedia dengan total responden ahli yang berjumlah 5 orang mendapatkan nilai severity rating rata -rata 0,46 yang berarti website Tokopedia nyaman untuk digunakan atau tidak dipermasalahkan oleh pengguna.Kata kunci— User Interface, User Experience, Evaluasi Heuristik, Website Tokopedia ABSTRACTUser interface and user experience is one of the important factors in building a website, considering the more effective and efficient a design, the more comfortable the user to linger on the website. The purpose of this study is to find out the results of evaluating the user interface design and user experience applied to tokopedia website using heuristic evaluation method. Heuristik method has 10 aspects that become parameters whether the user interface and user experience interact with the user well or not. The way this method works is by spreading the questionnaire by asking expert respondents to fill it out which of these questionnaires relates to 10 aspects of this method, so that conclusions and suggestions can be drawn. The result of heuristic evaluation with tokopedia website case study with a total of 5 expert respondents get an average severity rating of 0.46 which means tokopedia website is comfortable to use or not in question by users. Keywords—User Interface, User Experience, Heuristic Evaluation, Tokopedia Website
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UPPER CROSSED SYNDROME IN FEMALES OF AGE 25-50 YEARS: A POPULATION-BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Khaliq Aniqa , Yaqub Shamaila , Islam Farooq , Raza Asim , Batool Aiman , Jamil Sana 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors associated with upper crossed syndrome (UCS) in females of age 25-50 years. METHODS: This population based case controlled study was conducted from May to August 2019. Total of 210 females including 105 cases (participants who had upper neck pain for at least one month) and 105 controls (participants who didn't had upper neck pain), aging 25-50 years were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique from the population of Gujrat, Punjab Pakistan. Data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS software (version 21.0). Universal goniometer used to assess cervical ranges. Neck disability index (NDI) was used for functional disability and visual analog scale (VAS) was applied to assess the degree of pain. RESULTS: Majority (n=88; 41.90%) of females were in age group of 25-30 years and were housewives (n=147; 70 %). Females who used handheld devices, unsupported back chairs, read, worked, travelled for more than 3 hours had 63.91, 9.127, 3.568, 3.301, 2.068 folds risk of developing UCS respectively as compared to those who did the same for less than 3 hours. Similarly, females who were fetal sleeper had 2.032 times more risk of than front sleeper. All risk factors were statistically significant (p< 0.005). CONCLUSION: Usage of handheld devices while reading, working, and travelling for >3 hours, sleeping with curved spine and in fetal position and unsupported back chair increase the risk of UCS.
RELATION BETWEEN MATERNAL QUALITY OF LIFE WITH MOTOR FUNCTIONING OF CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN AFTER PHYSIOTHERAPY REHABILITATION
Authors: Fatima Noureen , Rizvi Syed Hassan Abbas , Javed Zainab , Batool Shiza , Pyarali Narmeen 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To find the relationship between quality of life of mothers of cerebral palsy children and child's motor functioning after at least 3 months of rehabilitation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from August to November 2019. Total 35 cerebral palsy (CP) children and their mothers were involved. Assessment of mother’s health done through Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and children's motor functioning through Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88). RESULTS: While comparing the results of SF-36 in GMFM-88, we found that children’s mothers with low GMFM score had a general health deterioration compared to children with higher GMFM score. Mothers who are having a child with cerebral palsy, with GMFM between 1-80 had to cut down the amount of time spend on work while mothers whose child’s GMFM was between 1-20 were limited in kind of work and other activities as well as they accomplished less than she would like, and they didn’t do their work as carefully as usual. Due to low GMFM (1-20) of kids’ mothers even suffered from moderate level of body ache. Likewise, in children’s mothers with lower GMFM ratings (1-20 & 21-40) have disturbed work intervention due to affected physical and emotional health. Similarly, social interaction has also been affected. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates that mother of cerebral palsy patient deal with severe physical and mental fatigue. While paying attention only to children’s issues, the health of caregiver mothers also needs special considerations.
PRE-OPERATIVE EVALUATION AND TUMOUR-NODE-METASTASIS STAGING OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA USING 16 SLICE MULTIDETECTOR-ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Adil Zeenat , Saeed Sidrah 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pre-operative tumour-node-metastasis staging (TNM) staging, metastases status and detection of role of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in gastric carcinoma patients in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, spanned over 14 months (January 2018-February 2019), was conducted at Radiology Department of Kuwait Teaching Hospital. Sample size was 173. Patients, selected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique, irrespective of gender, aged over 18 years and having clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with gastric carcinoma were included in the study. MDCT of patients was done. SPSS Version-24 was utilized for data analysis. Chi-square test was applied with p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Out of total 173 patients with gastric carcinoma, 121 (69.9%) were males and 52 (30.1%) were females. Mean age of patients was 48.5±1.2 years. Majority of patients were in T4a stage (n=64; 37%) followed T4b, T3, T0, T1 & T2 (24.9%, 17.3%, 11% and 9.8%) respectively. N0 stage with no nodal metastases was 40.5% followed by N1 stage (1-2 lymph nodes), N2 stage (3-6 lymph nodes), N3a stage (7-15 lymph nodes) and N3b stage (more than 15 lymph nodes) with 25.4%, 19.7%, 5.8% and 8.7% respectively. M1 stage with distant metastases was in 76 (43.9%) patients. Age and gender had insignificant association with TNM system (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Multi detector row computed tomography was effective in pre-operative evaluation and TNM staging of gastric carcinoma. Lymph node detection on MDCT can further be utilized for fine needle biopsies if required.
EFFECT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ON INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN OF PESHAWAR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Nida , Khan Zahid , Nazli Rubina , Arzeen Saima , Arzeen Naeema , Akhtar Tasleem 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on intelligence quotient (IQ) in school going children of Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study a total of 153 children (male and female) of age 7-11 years were included. Socio-demographic questionnaire was designed for the collection of data. Blood specimens were collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and gel tubes. Complete blood count (CBC) was analyzed using fully automatic hematology analyzer (Model Sysmex XP-100, serial no.B2444) in EDTA blood. Ferritin levels were analyzed using chemistry analyzer (Model: Cobas e-6000), by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) in serum. Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) was used for finding IQ of children. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-22. RESULTS: Out of 153 children 66 (43.1%) were females and 87 (56.9%) were males. The prevalence of IDA was 11.7%. The mean IQ of nuclear family (57.3±37.33) was significantly higher than joint family children (34.8±34.53). The mean IQ of male (41.7±35.0) is bit higher than female (39.0±38.62). In 153 children, 66 (43.1%) were normal, 33 (21.6%) were obese and 54 (35.3%) were underweight. IQ of below average children with the average ones shows significant difference with hemoglobin and hematocrit (HCT). IQ of iron deficient anemic children was significantly lower than the normal children. The mean IQ, hemoglobin and ferritin levels for children having IDA were 9.1±8.01 (percentile), 11.2±0.33 (g/dl), and 9.6±1.2 (ng/ml) respectively. CONCLUSION: Intelligence of school going children is significantly affected with IDA and they have low IQ values as compared to normal children.
SCREENING OF PRE-DIABETES IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: A TERTIARY CARE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , Ali Sobia Sabir , Ahmad Ibrar , Khan Muhammad Nawaz , Tahir Syeda Hira 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To screen the females presenting with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) for underlying pre-diabetes and to correlate pre-diabetes with the various diagnostic criteria of PCOS. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from March, 2020 till December, 2020. One hundred & fifty one cases of PCOS, ranging in age from 17-40 years, were selected through purposive sampling. The Rotterdam criterion was used to diagnose PCOS, the details of history, physical examination and biochemical investigations like luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glycosylted hemoglobin (HBA1c), prolactin and pelvic ultrasound were recorded on a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 23.42±4.88 years. Mean BMI was 33.27±26.98 kg/m2. Pre-diabetes was detected in 19.2% (n=29) and overt diabetes in 4.0% (n=6) of the women with PCOS. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypothyroidism were reported by 11 (7.2%), 9 (5.9%) and 4 (2.6%) patients respectively. Delayed menstrual cycle was reported by 44.8% (n=52); 27.6% (n=8) & 33.3% (n=2) cases of normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus respectively. Oligomenorrhoea was present in 69.0% (n=20) of pre-diabetics. Moderate and severe hirsutism was present in 44.8% and 10.3% PCOS patients with pre-diabetes. There was no significant correlation between pre-diabetes and the criteria of PCOS diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Women with PCOS are at increased risk of pre-diabetes and other metabolic complications like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia at an earlier age. However, there was no significant correlation between pre-diabetes and the criteria of PCOS diagnosis.
FANCONI SYNDROME SECONDARY TO CYSTINOSIS IN YOUNG MALE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bibi Samina , Ahmed Mian Sameer , Babar Bakht , Ghaffar Tahir , Aamir Azizul Hassan , Aziz Sana 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION: Nephropathic cystinosis is a rarely occurring inherited metabolic disorder, leading to Fanconi syndrome, progressive renal failure and a range of extra-renal manifestations including endocrinopathies. There is no definitive cure for Cystinosis. Never the less, early introduction of cysteamine treatment and other supportive measures can adequately retard the occurrence of complications and improve prognosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 18-year-old boy who presented with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, polyuria and episodes of periodic paralysis for the last 01 year to the Endocrine Unit, Medical Teaching Institution Hayatabad Medical Complex, and Peshawar, Pakistan. He was lean and wasted with a BMI of 12.9kg/m2 (weight=32.59kg, height=159cm) having frontal bossing and splaying of bones at wrist joint with normal to low blood pressure. Investigations revealed hypokalemia, alkaline urine and metabolic acidosis on arterial blood gas analysis. Consequently, his symptoms were attributed to underlying renal tubular acidosis. Later, slit lamp examination revealed Cysteine crystals in the cornea confirming the diagnosis of Cystinosis as the underlying cause. He was started on supportive therapy including potassium chloride and citrate supplements, intravenous fluids, calcium and vitamin D supplements and Indomethacin. Senior nephrologist and Nutritionist were also taken on board regarding his management. Follow up at 02 months was suggestive of marked symptomatic and biochemical improvement. CONCLUSION: Data regarding the definitive cure for Cystinosis is scarce. Never the less, early introduction of cysteamine therapy and other supportive measures can adequately retard the occurrence of complications and improvise prognosis.
FUNCTIONAL PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIC ADENOMA IN MALE PATIENTS: CASE REPORTS
Authors: Ram Nanik , Khan Sajjad Ali , Das Bhagwan , Islam Najmul 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION: Pituitary gonadotrophic adenomas (FGA) are common but only minority of them secrete Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are biologically inactive as they do not affect the secretion of sex hormones. Few case reports showed high testosterone/estrogen levels with elevated or normal LH and FSH. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report two cases aging 61 years and 52 years, presented with visual disturbance and headache at Aga Khan University Hospital, with gradual onset of symptoms over months with no history of weight change, broadening of hands or abdominal striae. Examination revealed bitemporal hemianopia, normal vitals and testicular sizes. Case 1: Investigations revealed elevated FSH [36.66 mIU/ml (Normal=1.4-15.4)], testosterone [952.7 mlU/ml (Normal=193-740)], high normal LH [7.09 mlU/ml (Normal=1.2-7.8)], insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) [34 ng/ml (Normal=54.6-185.7), free-thyroxine (FT4) [0.69 ng/dl (Normal=0.89-1.76)], prolactin [12.4 ng/ml (Normal=3-14.7)] and 8AM-cortisol [2.6 ug/dl (Normal=4.3-22.4)]. Case 2: Investigations revealed high normal FSH of 13.61 mIU/mL and high testosterone level of >1500 ng/dL but normal LH 4.45 mlU/mL, 8AM-cortisol=12.60 ug/dl, FT4=0.88 ng/dl and prolactin=36.80 ng/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed mass lesion measuring 27.5×25.4×3 mm (case-1) and 45×39 mm (case-2) arising from pituitary gland and extending in to surround structures. Thyroxine and steroids were started for case 1 preoperatively. Both patienst underwent transsphenoidal resection of tumor. Postoperatively, a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH and LH level and resolution of symptoms were observed. CONCLUSION: FGA should be considered in presence of elevated testosterone/estrogen and normal or elevated FSH/LH. Early diagnosis leads to a better outcome.
PRIMARY THYROID LYMPHOMA: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Khan Sajjad Ali , Aziz Abdul , Ali Dani , Islam Najmul 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To find out about the disease characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma in Pakistani patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study of 20 years duration, we reviewed five diagnosed and/or treated cases of primary thyroid lymphoma at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Each patient’s medical records were reviewed and studied. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 62.8±10.2 years with 3 males and 2 females. Two patients presented at the age of 69 and 70 years, and two patients presented at ages of 47 and 58 years. All our patients presented with a rapidly progressing neck mass and dysphagia. Other common presenting complaints in our study subjects included dyspnea, hoarseness of voice, stridor and feeling of globus in the throat. Average duration of presentation of our cases was 3 months, with 2 patient’s presenting after a month of development of symptoms, while the remaining two participants presented at four and six months after onset of signs and symptoms. All patient’s histopathology was consistent with Diffuse B cell Lymphoma subtype. Out of the five patients, one patient died as a result of complications, one patient opted out of treatment at AKUH due to financial constraints and three patients are doing well with no active complaints and followed-up regularly. CONCLUSION: Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare condition and can present with neck swelling and compressive symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the histological findings. Larger studies are needed to study the prognosis of the patients.
Characterization of peripheries of n-GaN Schottky contacts using scanning internal photoemission microscopy
Authors: Imabayashi Hiroki , Yasui Yuto , Horikiri Fumimasa , Narita Yoshinobu , Fukuhara Noboru , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Shiojima Kenji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We applied scanning internal photoemission microscopy (SIPM) to clarify the electrical characteristics on the electrode periphery of Ni/n-GaN Schottky contacts. Two types of Schottky contacts with different electrode formation methods were prepared. For the samples in which the Ni contacts were evaporated through a metal shadow mask, in the scanning electron microscopes (SEM) observation, the electrode edges were tailed and the tail was divided into two contrasts, a bright region with a width of 15.5 μm from the electrode edge followed by a dark region with a width of 32 μm. The SIPM signal was obtained from the first 16 μm tailing region, and corresponded with the SEM images. For the photolithography sample, a sharp edge less than 1 μm wide was obtained and no increase in SIPM signal was detected on the edge. These results indicate SIPM is able to characterize the electrical properties of electrode periphery in conjunction with the structural characteristics.
Analysis of Automotive Camera Sensor Noise Factors
Authors: Li Boda , Chan Pak Hung , Baris Gabriele , Higgins Matthew , Donzella Valentina 
Published: August 2022

<p>Assisted and automated driving functions are increasingly deployed to support improved safety, efficiency, and enhance driver experience. However, there are still key technical challenges that need to be overcome, such as the degradation of perception sensor data due to noise factors. The quality of data being generated by sensors can directly impact the planning and control of the vehicle, which can affect the vehicle safety. This work builds on a recently proposed framework, analysing noise factors on automotive LiDAR sensors, and deploys it to camera sensors, focusing on the specific disturbed sensor outputs via a detailed analysis and classification of automotive camera specific noise sources (30 noise factors are identified and classified in this work). Moreover, the noise factor analysis has recognised two omnipresent and independent noise factors (i.e. obstruction and windshield distortion). These noise factors have been modelled to generate noisy camera data; their impact on the perception step, based on deep neural networks, has been evaluated when the noise factors are applied independently and simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the performance degradation from the combination of noise factors is not simply the accumulated performance degradation from each single factor, which raises the importance of including the simultaneous analysis of multiple noise factors. Thus, the framework can support and enhance the use of simulation for development and testing of automated vehicles through careful consideration of the noise factors affecting camera data. </p>
Game Programmer’s Worst Pitfall In Memory Performance :Treatise on Issue
Authors: Appiah Frank 
Published: August 2022

<p>There is a Pitfall in Game playing and that is a game Programmer’s Worst case scenario to deal with. This is mainly in the hindering of good game playing in general. Slow memory leakage in game is due to heavy memory dependent demand in today's game world. The approach used by this author for better game experience is explained in three different ways: graphics performance, sound performance and memory performance.</p>
Changes in Hydropower Resource Operations Following Participation in the CAISO Energy Imbalance Market - A Case Study
Authors: Datta Sohom , Somani Abhishek , Alam M.J.E , Sun Xueqing , fotedar vanshika , Banicki Al;ex 
Published: August 2022

<p>Portland General Electric (PGE), an investor-owned electric utility serving nearly 900,000 customers in 51 Oregon cities, joined Western Energy Imbalance Market (EIM) – a California Independent System Operator (CAISO) platform for sharing cleaner and more efficient generation resources among multiple states in the Western U.S. While participation in EIM brings a new set of economic opportunities for PGE by capturing flexibility needs in the market, it also changes operational patterns (e.g., more frequent start/stop, off-nominal power output, and ramping) of PGE’s conventional generation fleet, including hydropower units. With 492 MW of hydropower capacity, which constitutes 15% of PGE’s generation mix, it is important for PGE (as any other EIM-participant utility) to understand how participation in EIM impacts its hydropower assets, and how a techno-economically sustainable operation of those assets could be accomplished. In this paper, a case study is performed with PGE’s hydropower generation facilities to assess and quantify EIM?participation driven changes in hydropower operational patterns </p>
Single-Phase Five-Level Transformerless PV Inverter for the Alleviation of Common Mode and Leakage Currents by Accounting the Effect of Device Junction Capacitance
Authors: Muktevi Vital LN , Sonti Venu , PASUMARTI Narasimham VRL , jain sachin 
Published: August 2022

<p>This paper presents a five level PV inverter switched capacitor configuration which has the mentioned feature. The proposed topology also has low value of charging and discharging currents. The proposed topology uses two switched capacitors of low value with low voltage and current ripple across and through them respectively. Further, the proposed solution also takes care of the transitions in the terminal voltage and constant CMV due to the device junction capacitance (DJC). This further helps in reducing the size of common mode and EMI filters required at the output of the five-level inverter. Further, a new mathematical analysis of terminal voltage and CMV is given by taking into the account DJC. Using the given mathematical analysis, the analytical waveforms of the terminal voltage and CMV are obtained to support the analysis given. The proposed analysis is further justified with the help of simulation and experimental waveforms. </p>