bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily dynamics of contrasting spring algal blooms in Santa Monica Bay (central Southern California Bight)
Authors: Ollison Gerid A. , Hu Sarah K. , Hopper Julie V. , Stewart Brittany P. , Smith Jayme , Beatty Jennifer L. , Rink Laura K. , Caron David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtistan algae (phytoplankton) dominate coastal upwelling ecosystems where they form massive blooms that support the world's most important fisheries and constitute an important sink for atmospheric CO2. Bloom initiation is well understood, but the biotic and abiotic forces that shape short‐term dynamics in community composition are still poorly characterized. Here, high‐frequency (daily) changes in relative abundance dynamics of the metabolically active protistan community were followed via expressed 18S V4 rRNA genes (RNA) throughout two algal blooms during the spring of 2018 and 2019 in Santa Monica Bay (central Southern California Bight). A diatom bloom formed after wind‐driven, nutrient upwelling events in both years, but different taxa dominated each year. Whereas diatoms bloomed following elevated nutrients and declined after depletion each year, a massive dinoflagellate bloom manifested under relatively low inorganic nitrogen conditions following diatom bloom senescence in 2019 but not 2018. Network analysis revealed associations between diatoms and cercozoan putative parasitic taxa and syndinean parasites during 2019 that may have influenced the demise of the diatoms, and the transition to a dinoflagellate‐dominated bloom.
Solar PV and energy poverty in Australia's residential sector
Authors: Hammerle Mara , Burke Paul J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExpanding access to solar photovoltaics (PV) may help to reduce the incidence of energy poverty. Yet, little is known about the strength and magnitude of this relationship. This paper uses cross‐sectional survey data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics to conduct a retrospective analysis of the effects of having rooftop solar PV for Australian households. As the main identification challenges are the potential for omitted variables and reverse causality, we present results for regressions controlling for potential confounders and also use an instrumental variable approach. The study finds that having solar PV is associated with a large decrease in the likelihood of experiencing energy poverty based on objective indicators that compare household incomes and energy bills. Having solar PV is also associated with a reduction in self‐reported difficulty in paying bills on time, although this effect is less robust across estimations. The findings could inform future policies for promoting residential solar PV through an improved understanding of likely impacts.
Indoctrination
Authors: Lewin David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe indoctrination debates have been a key feature of the philosophy of education over the past 50 years. While it is generally acknowledged that the pejorative associations of indoctrination only emerged over the last 100 years, those normative associations are widely taken to be an essential part of the concept itself as are the positive connotations of education. I explore some of the problems of assuming that the term must refer to something negative and the essentialism that this implies. The attempt to ‘transvaluate’ indoctrination results in the claim that the concept is virtually indistinguishable from education. Drawing on Ivan Snook's Indoctrination and Education, I examine several candidates for indoctrination to show that the pejorative label is not a good fit. I argue that much of what is framed as indoctrination turns out to be either impossible–implausible or necessary–inevitable; the fact that there is scarcely a gap between these extremes should give us pause to wonder about this term and its relation to education: By providing a term for those influences of which we generally disapprove, does the concept of indoctrination act as a way for educationalists to uphold and protect the normative view of education (that education must aim for something intrinsically worthwhile)?Eds.: This paper forms part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Beyond Virtue and Vice: Education for a Darker Age’ in which the editors invited authors to engage in exercises of ‘transvaluation’. Certain apparently settled educational concepts (from agency and fulfilment to alienation and ignorance) can be reinterpreted and transvaluated (in a Nietzschean vein) such that virtues become vices, and vices, virtues. The editors encouraged authors to employ polemics and some occasional exaggeration to reimagine educational values that are all too readily accepted within contemporary educational discourses.
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction in different sites: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Huang Tian Lu , Zhong Wen Qi , Shen Yong Hua , Ni Mu Han , Xu Gui Fang , Lyu Ying , Li Wen , Zhou Xiao Liang , Cai Wei , Wang Lei , Zou Xiao Ping 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy (EUS‐GE) has recently been employed as a novel treatment for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS‐GE for GOO at different sites.MethodsConsecutive hospitalized patients who underwent EUS‐GE for GOO at the Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from March 2017 to April 2020 were recruited in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the obstruction site. The primary outcomes included technical success and clinical success. The secondary outcomes were operation time, post‐procedure length of stay (LOS), hospitalization cost, and complications such as peritonitis, bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, abdominal pain, and infection.ResultsA total of 51 patients were included. Technical success achieved in 100% patients with proximal GOO and in 88.9% with distal GOO (P = 0.176). Clinical success declined from the oral side to the anal side (P = 0.510). Operation time, hospitalization costs, and post‐procedural LOS were similar among groups (P = 0.532, 0.520, and 0.144, respectively). Complications were observed in 28 (54.9%) patients. In approaching the mature phase of the endosopist, clinical success improved, while the secondary outcomes showed no statistically significant difference compared with the initial phase.ConclusionsEUS‐GE may be challenging for distal GOO; however, it is safe and effective when carried out by experienced endoscopists. A complete preoperative evaluation to assess the difficulty of the procedure is necessary. Prospective studies with large sample size are needed to further validate our findings.
Clinical practice of Helicobacter pylori infection management by gastroenterologists in secondary and tertiary hospitals: A stratified sampling cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Wen Lin , Li Yue Yue , Liu Jing , Wang Juan , Wan Meng , Lin Bo Shen , Lin Min Juan , Ding Yu Ming , Kong Qing Zhou , Wang Shao Tong , Duan Miao , Han Zhong Xue , Ji Rui , Zuo Xiu Li , Li Yan Qing 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection by gastroenterologists from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China, where there is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection.MethodsA questionnaire‐based, stratified sampling survey was conducted from June 1 to August 30, 2021. The ratio of secondary to tertiary hospitals was set at 2:1. An electronic questionnaire was sent to the gastroenterologists via the WeChat platform.ResultsA total of 89.09% (1053/1182) gastroenterologists were included. Overall, 34.19% and 60.59% of gastroenterologists recommended screening for and treating H. pylori infection in patients without any competing factors. The most preferred testing method in secondary and tertiary hospitals was the 13C‐urea breath test (53.92% and 80.48%), but the reexamination rate of results close to the cut‐off value was low (55.10% and 59.48%). Gastroenterologists preferred bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (secondary and tertiary hospitals: 96.67% and 98.53%), but the antibiotic combination prescribed for patients with penicillin allergy was suboptimal in secondary hospitals. The overall post‐treatment follow‐up rate was 64.58%, and gastroenterologists in secondary hospitals were more proactive than those in tertiary hospitals (69.41% vs 60.04%, P = 0.001). Less than 80% of gastroenterologists emphasized the importance of post‐treatment reexamination to their patients. Only a minority of gastroenterologists in secondary and tertiary hospitals (30.79% and 34.36%) achieved acceptable eradication rates (exceeding 80%).ConclusionsDeficiencies exist in gastroenterologists from secondary and tertiary hospitals, and the H. pylori eradication rate is relatively low. Training programs for gastroenterologists are warranted to strengthen their comprehension of guidelines.
No increased risk of alopecia in ankylosing spondylitis patients: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Jason Peijer , Lee Yung‐Heng , Wun Bo‐Jyun , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and alopecia.MethodsIn this cohort study, data from over 1 000 000 patients in the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database were extracted. We selected newly diagnosed (outpatient department visit three or more times or admission at least once) patients with AS (ICD‐9‐CM = 720.0) from 2000 to 2012. For the non‐AS comparison group, patients never diagnosed with AS were chosen from 1999 to 2013. In all, 3640 AS patients and 14 560 non‐AS controls were selected. Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan‐Meier analysis were used to present the results. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the Cox proportional hazard model was adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atopic dermatitis, and mental disorder.ResultsNo increased risk of alopecia in AS patients was shown in the Cox proportional hazard model (crude HR 1.16, P = 0.595; adjusted HR 1.16, P = 0.599). Negative results are found as well in subgroup analysis of different age, sex (age 20‐40 y: HR 1.03, P = 0.925; Age ≥40 y: HR 1.49, P = 0.406; Female: HR 1.17, P = 0.759; Male: HR 1.15, P = 0.667), and phenotypes of alopecia (androgenetic alopecia: HR 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58‐2.41; alopecia areata: HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.37‐2.62). A significant positive correlation is found between atopic dermatitis and alopecia (adjusted HR 8.05, P = 0.039).ConclusionIn this population‐based cohort study, we found no association of risk of alopecia and AS.
Political Connections and the Trade‐Off Between Real and Accrual‐Based Earnings Management*
Authors: Ahmed Anwer S. , Duellman Scott , Grady Megan 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWe provide evidence on the effect of political connections on the trade‐off between real and accrual‐based earnings management in the United States. This evidence is important because prior literature documents mixed evidence on whether political connections reduce the threat of SEC enforcement. By studying earnings management with a large sample, our study provides more generalizable insights into the effects of political connections on enforcement. We argue that politically connected firms face a lower threat of enforcement, which reduces the costs of accrual‐based earnings management and alters the trade‐off between real and accrual‐based earnings management. Consistent with our predictions, using a single‐step estimation method as well as a difference‐in‐differences test based on an exogenous shock, we find that connected firms engage in more accrual management and less real earnings management. Our results are driven by firms that have relatively high costs of real earnings management. Furthermore, we find that political connections mitigate the relation between SEC comment letters and earnings management. Overall, the evidence is consistent with politically connected firms facing a lower threat of regulatory enforcement and using this flexibility to increase accrual‐based earnings management and reduce real earnings management that is potentially value destructive. Our study complements and strengthens inferences in prior work that documents evidence of lax SEC enforcement for politically connected firms using small samples. Our findings should be of interest to policy‐makers, regulators, and other professionals that are interested in understanding the effects of political connections.
Obesogenic diet in mice compromises maternal metabolic physiology and lactation ability leading to reductions in neonatal viability
Authors: Lean Samantha C. , Candia Alejandro A. , Gulacsi Edina , Lee Giselle C. L. , Sferruzzi‐Perri Amanda N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsDiets containing high‐fat and high sugar (HFHS) lead to overweight/obesity. Overweight/obesity increases the risk of infertility, and of the pregnant mother and her child for developing metabolic conditions. Overweight/obesity has been recreated in mice, but most studies focus on the effects of chronic, long‐term HFHS diet exposure. Here, we exposed mice to HFHS from 3 weeks prior to pregnancy with the aim of determining impacts on fertility, and gestational and neonatal outcomes.MethodsTime‐domain NMR scanning was used to assess adiposity, glucose, and insulin tolerance tests were employed to examine metabolic physiology, and morphological and proteomic analyses conducted to assess structure and nutrient levels of maternal organs and placenta.ResultsFertility measures of HFHS dams were largely the same as controls. HFHS dams had increased adiposity pre‐pregnancy, however, exhibited exacerbated lipolysis/hyper‐mobilization of adipose stores in late pregnancy. While there were no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance, HFHS dams were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in pregnancy. HFHS dams had fatty livers and altered pancreatic islet morphology. Although fetuses were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, there was no change in fetal growth in HFHS dams. There were also reductions in placenta formation. Moreover, there was increased offspring loss during lactation, which was related to aberrant mammary gland development and milk protein composition in HFHS dams.ConclusionsThese findings are relevant given current dietary habits and the development of maternal and offspring alterations in the absence of an increase in maternal weight and adiposity during pregnancy, which are the current clinical markers to determine risk across gestation.
Editorial: effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in a matched cohort of elderly and non‐elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease ‐ the IG‐IBD LIVE study
Authors: Lee Helen , Khan Nabeel 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Pugliese et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16923 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16957
Editorial: quality assessment in IBD in high resource countries can lead to quality improvement clues for IBD management worldwide—authors' reply
Authors: Hawthorne A. Barney , Lamb Christopher A. 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Hawthorne et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17042 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17072
Editorial: non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance—an increasingly severe public health issue
Authors: Sun Li‐Yang , Li Zhen‐Li , Yang Tian 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Toyoda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17139
Editorial: measuring disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease—the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Authors' reply
Authors: Swaminathan Akhilesh , Mules Thomas C. , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Swaminathan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17058 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17108
Review article: the epidemiologic burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease across the world
Authors: Henry Linda , Paik James , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with obesity and type 2 diabetes.AimTo review the global epidemiology of NAFLDMethodsWe retrieved articles from PubMed using search terms of NAFLD, epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, and comorbidities.ResultsOver 250 articles were reviewed. In 2016, the global NAFLD prevalence was 25%; this increased to >30% in 2019. Prevalence in Asia, Latin America and Middle East‐North Africa (MENA) was 30.8%, 34.5% and 42.6%, respectively. Prevalence increased with age. Although prevalence was higher in men, prevalence in post‐menopausal women was similar. NAFLD prevalence was higher in certain subpopulations, especially among the obese and those with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the prevalence of lean NAFLD was 11.2%. The global prevalence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is estimated between 2% and 6% in the general population. Approximately 7% of patients with NAFLD have advanced fibrosis; rates were between 21% and 50% among patients with NASH. Overall mortality related to NAFLD was 15–20 per 1000 person‐years, and increased substantially in patients with NASH, especially in those with components of MS. Recent data suggest mortality/morbidity from NAFLD is increasing globally but NAFLD awareness remains low among patients and healthcare providers.ConclusionsNAFLD poses a global public health problem with a very high disease burden in Asia, MENA and Latin America. Research is needed to better quantify the full impact of NAFLD and to develop strategies to improve awareness and risk stratification.
A multi‐variable model for explaining long‐term commitment to volunteering among COVID‐19 volunteers
Authors: Kulik Liat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test variables that explain long‐term commitment to volunteering among volunteers in the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Israel. Long‐term commitment to volunteering was tested by the participants’ evaluation of the stability, consistency, and intensity of their volunteering over time. Two theoretical frameworks served for explaining commitment to volunteering: the social‐structural approach and the psychological characteristics approach. The sample was comprised of 504 Jewish participants: 173 men and 331 women. The data were collected via structured questionnaires distributed by nonprofit volunteer organizations. The most significant contribution to explaining long‐term commitment to volunteering, in all its forms, was for psychological characteristics reflected in emotions during the pandemic and in the motives for volunteering, the volunteer's gender, level of education, and tendency to volunteer during routine times. Volunteer organizations should focus on cultivating a large and motivated population of volunteers to maintain long‐term volunteering during emergencies and in routine times.
Challenging but positive! – An exploration into teacher attitude profiles towards differentiated instruction (DI) in Germany
Authors: Letzel Verena , Pozas Marcela , Schneider Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch has highlighted that personal characteristics such as teachers’ attitudes play an important role in the implementation of inclusive education. However, there are only a few studies that have shed empirical evidence on the relationship of attitudes and inclusive teaching approaches, such as differentiated instruction. In this vein, the present study tackles this research gap and aims to explore teachers’ attitudes specifically towards the inclusive practice of DI in Germany.AimsThe present study aimed to investigate teacher profiles based on their attitudes towards differentiated instruction, as well as further to explore whether teachers differentiated instructional implementation varies between the teacher profiles.SampleThe sample consists of 450 teachers (Mage = 42.89, SD = 10.48, 65% female), from different school tracks in Germany.MethodsA two‐step cluster analysis was performed in order to identify teacher attitude profiles concerning their implementation of differentiated instruction. Moreover, an analysis of variance was conducted in order to identify variations in terms of the implementation of differentiated instruction across the three clusters.ResultsResults from the cluster analyses indicate three distinct teacher attitude profiles: Cluster 1 ‘The valuing‐teacher’, Cluster 2 ‘The non‐valuing‐teacher’ and Cluster 3 ‘The challenged‐but‐valuing‐teacher’. Moreover, the findings reveal gender and school track differences between the three teacher attitude profiles. Lastly, an analysis of variance indicated that teachers’ differentiated instruction practice varied significantly across the clusters.ConclusionsThe findings from the present study indicate that teachers not only perceive the value of DI but also the insufficient resources. Thus, it can be assumed that teachers identify both the ‘positive’ and the ‘negative’ aspect of DI, and more importantly, they can recognize both attitude domains towards DI in a similar or different level. Consequently, the results show that attitudes in the context of inclusion cannot be characterised as continuum with two distinct poles.
Understanding trait impressions from faces
Authors: Sutherland Clare A. M. , Young Andrew W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImpressions from faces are made remarkably quickly and they can underpin behaviour in a wide variety of social contexts. Over the last decade many studies have sought to trace the links between facial cues and social perception and behaviour. One such body of work has shown clear overlap between the fields of face perception and social stereotyping by demonstrating a role for conceptual stereotypes in impression formation from faces. We integrate these results involving conceptual influences on impressions with another substantial body of research in visual cognition which demonstrates that much of the variance in impressions can be predicted from perceptual, data‐driven models using physical cues in face images. We relate this discussion to the phylogenetic, cultural, individual and developmental origins of facial impressions and define priority research questions for the field including investigating non‐WEIRD cultures, tracking the developmental trajectory of impressions and determining the malleability of impression formation.
Transfer RNA‐derived fragment 5′tRF‐Gly promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by direct targeting of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1
Authors: Liu Dekai , Wu Chengdong , Wang Jingjie , Zhang Lufei , Sun Zhongquan , Chen Shihong , Ding Yuan , Wang Weilin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransfer RNA‐derived fragments are a group of small noncoding single‐stranded RNA that play essential roles in multiple diseases. However, their biological functions in carcinogenesis are not well understood. In this study, 5′tRF‐Gly was found to have significantly high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the upregulation of 5′tRF‐Gly was positively correlated with tumor size and tumor metastasis. Overexpression of 5′tRF‐Gly induced increased growth rate and metastasis in HCC cells in vitro and in nude mice, while knockdown showed the opposite effect. Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) was confirmed to be a direct target of 5′tRF‐Gly in HCC. In addition, the cytological effect of CEACAM1 knockdown proved to be similar to the overexpression of 5′tRF‐Gly. Moreover, attenuation of CEACAM1 expression rescued the 5′tRF‐Gly‐mediated promoting effects on HCC cells. These data show that 5′tRF‐Gly is a new tumor‐promoting factor and could be a potential diagnostic biomarker or new therapeutic target for HCC.