bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioethics Forum of Cardiology in the Young. Quo Vadis?
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Editorial Board of Cardiology in the Young has recently discussed the need for a Bioethics Forum and has given authorisation to proceed with its creation. Herein, we provide the organisational structure and launch process to introduce properly this interesting and timely endeavour. By this communication, we are establishing this Bioethics Forum of Cardiology in the Young. We hope to attract manuscripts concerning timely bioethical subjects and to offer the readership the opportunity to respond to these topics with supporting or opposing views as appropriate. New articles regarding timely topics will be written by the readership, as well as by invited authors, and these articles will be published. We hope to stimulate interactive discussion concerning the published manuscripts, and these manuscripts and the associated discussions will be open to all interested parties.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Atmospheric Deposition of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Liptzin Daniel , Boy Jens , Campbell John L. , Clarke Nicholas , Laclau Jean‐Paul , Godoy Roberto , Johnson Sherri L. , Kaiser Klaus , Likens Gene E. , Karlsson Gunilla Pihl , Markewitz Daniel , Rogora Michela , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Shanley James B. , Vanguelova Elena , Verstraeten Arne , Wilcke Wolfgang , Worrall Fred , McDowell William H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to terrestrial ecosystems is a small, but rarely studied component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and organic particulates are the sources of atmospheric C and deposition represents a major pathway for the removal of organic C from the atmosphere. Here, we evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of DOC deposition using 70 data sets at least one year in length ranging from 40° south to 66° north latitude. Globally, the median DOC concentration in bulk deposition was 1.7 mg L−1. The DOC concentrations were significantly higher in tropical (<25°) latitudes compared to temperate (>25°) latitudes. DOC deposition was significantly higher in the tropics because of both higher DOC concentrations and precipitation. Using the global median or latitudinal specific DOC concentrations leads to a calculated global deposition of 202 or 295 Tg C yr−1 respectively. Many sites exhibited seasonal variability in DOC concentration. At temperate sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the growing season; at tropical sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the dry season. Thirteen of the thirty‐four long‐term (>10 years) data sets showed significant declines in DOC concentration over time with the others showing no significant change. Based on the magnitude and timing of the various sources of organic C to the atmosphere, biogenic VOCs likely explain the latitudinal pattern and the seasonal pattern at temperate latitudes while decreases in anthropogenic emissions are the most likely explanation for the declines in DOC concentration.
Return From Dormancy: Rapid Inflation and Seismic Unrest Driven by Transcrustal Magma Transfer at Mt. Edgecumbe (L’úx Shaa) Volcano, Alaska
Authors: Grapenthin Ronni , Cheng Yitian , Angarita Mario , Tan Darren , Meyer Franz J. , Fee David , Wech Aaron 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn April 2022, a seismic swarm near Mt. Edgecumbe in southeast Alaska suggested renewed activity at this transform fault volcano, which was last active ≈800 years ago. Previously, thin rhyolitic tephras were deposited 5 and 4 ka. Satellite radar data from 2014 to 2022 resolves line‐of‐sight rapid inflation up to 7.1 cm/yr beginning in August 2018. Bayesian modeling suggests a transcrustal system of a deflating (−0.528 km3) dipping sill at 20 km depth recharging a magma chamber at 10 km (0.222 km3). A near‐vertical conduit could capture the volume difference without noticeable surface deformation. Reanalyzed seismicity, recorded 25 km away, shows increases since July 2019. Magma ascent through ductile material and brittle strain release in a stressed overburden could explain the time delay. Cloud‐native open data and workflows enabled discovery and analysis of this signal within days after going unnoticed for >3 years.
Possible Increase of Air Temperature by Irrigation
Authors: Li Huazhen , Lo Min‐Hui , Ryu Dongryeol , Peel Murray , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIrrigation cools near surface air temperature by increasing evapotranspiration from wetter soil. However, elevated evapotranspiration can also increase atmospheric albedo and enhance the local greenhouse effect via increased atmospheric water vapor. Their net effects on daily air temperature remains controversial. Here we show that in several considered regions, Northwest India and Central Valley of California, irrigation could result in warmer air temperature if night‐time warming is stronger than daytime cooling by irrigation. During the daytime, air temperature reduces through evaporative cooling and reduced solar radiation from increased atmospheric albedo outweighing the local greenhouse effect. At night‐time, the increased atmospheric water vapor by irrigation tends to make a stronger local greenhouse effect that increases night‐time temperature. Our results highlight the possible increase of air temperature by irrigation and the importance of considering sub‐daily processes when assessing the impact of irrigation on daily air temperature and temperature related socioeconomic phenomena.
mTORC1 signaling pathway integrates estrogen and growth factor to coordinate vaginal epithelial cells proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Wan Shuo , Sun Yadong , Fu Jiamin , Song Hongrui , Xiao Zhiqiang , Yang Quanli , Wang Sanfeng , Yu Gongwang , Feng Peiran , Lv Wenkai , Luo Liang , Guan Zerong , Liu Feng , Zhou Qinghua , Yin Zhinan , Yang Meixiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe mouse vaginal epithelium cyclically exhibits cell proliferation and differentiation in response to estrogen. Estrogen acts as an activator of mTOR signaling but its role in vaginal epithelial homeostasis is unknown. We analyzed reproductive tract-specific Rptor or Rictor conditional knockout mice to reveal the role of mTOR signaling in estrogen-dependent vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Loss of Rptor but not Rictor in the vagina resulted in an aberrant proliferation of epithelial cells and failure of keratinized differentiation. As gene expression analysis indicated, several estrogen-mediated genes, including Pgr and Ereg (EGF-like growth factor) were not induced by estrogen in Rptor cKO mouse vagina. Moreover, supplementation of EREG could activate the proliferation and survival of vaginal epithelial cells through YAP1 in the absence of Rptor. Thus, mTORC1 signaling integrates estrogen and growth factor signaling to mediate vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, providing new insights into vaginal atrophy treatment for post-menopausal women.
Tumor extracellular vesicles mediate anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance by decoying anti-PD-L1
Authors: Chen Jiming , Yang Jie , Wang Wenhui , Guo Danfeng , Zhang Chengyan , Wang Shibo , Lu Xinliang , Huang Xiaofang , Wang Pingli , Zhang Gensheng , Zhang Jing , Wang Jianli , Cai Zhijian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPD-L1+ tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) cause systemic immunosuppression and possibly resistance to anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) blockade. However, whether and how PD-L1+ TEVs mediate αPD-L1 therapy resistance is unknown. Here, we show that PD-L1+ TEVs substantially decoy αPD-L1 and that TEV-bound αPD-L1 is more rapidly cleared by macrophages, causing insufficient blockade of tumor PD-L1 and subsequent αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Inhibition of endogenous production of TEVs by Rab27a or Coro1a knockout reverses αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Either an increased αPD-L1 dose or macrophage depletion mediated by the clinical drug pexidartinib abolishes αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Moreover, in the treatment cycle with the same total treatment dose of αPD-L1, high-dose and low-frequency treatment had better antitumor effects than low-dose and high-frequency treatment, induced stronger antitumor immune memory, and eliminated αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Notably, in humanized immune system mice with human xenograft tumors, both increased αPD-L1 dose and high-dose and low-frequency treatment enhanced the antitumor effects of αPD-L1. Furthermore, increased doses of αPD-L1 and αPD-1 had comparable antitumor effects, but αPD-L1 amplified fewer PD-1+ Treg cells, which are responsible for tumor hyperprogression. Altogether, our results reveal a TEV-mediated mechanism of αPD-L1-specific therapy resistance, thus providing promising strategies to improve αPD-L1 efficacy.
The unquantified mass loss of Northern Hemisphere marine-terminating glaciers from 2000–2020
Authors: Kochtitzky William , Copland Luke , Van Wychen Wesley , Hugonnet Romain , Hock Regine , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Benham Toby , Strozzi Tazio , Glazovsky Andrey , Lavrentiev Ivan , Rounce David R. , Millan Romain , Cook Alison , Dalton Abigail , Jiskoot Hester , Cooley Jade , Jania Jacek , Navarro Francisco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the Northern Hemisphere, ~1500 glaciers, accounting for 28% of glacierized area outside the Greenland Ice Sheet, terminate in the ocean. Glacier mass loss at their ice-ocean interface, known as frontal ablation, has not yet been comprehensively quantified. Here, we estimate decadal frontal ablation from measurements of ice discharge and terminus position change from 2000 to 2020. We bias-correct and cross-validate estimates and uncertainties using independent sources. Frontal ablation of marine-terminating glaciers contributed an average of 44.47 ± 6.23 Gt a−1 of ice to the ocean from 2000 to 2010, and 51.98 ± 4.62 Gt a−1 from 2010 to 2020. Ice discharge from 2000 to 2020 was equivalent to 2.10 ± 0.22 mm of sea-level rise and comprised approximately 79% of frontal ablation, with the remainder from terminus retreat. Near-coastal areas most impacted include Austfonna, Svalbard, and central Severnaya Zemlya, the Russian Arctic, and a few Alaskan fjords.
Chirality flips of skyrmion bubbles
Authors: Yao Yuan , Ding Bei , Liang Jinjing , Li Hang , Shen Xi , Yu Richeng , Wang Wenhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe investigation of three-dimensional magnetic textures and chirality switching has attracted enormous interest from the perspective of fundamental research. Here, the three-dimensional magnetic structures of skyrmion bubbles in the centrosymmetric magnet MnNiGa were reconstructed with the vector field tomography approach via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic configuration of the bubbles was determined based on the reconstructed magnetic induction (B-field) at their surfaces and centers. We found that the bubbles easily switched their chirality but preserved their polarity to retain their singularity in the matrix of the material. Our results offer valuable insights into the chirality behavior of skyrmion bubbles.
Behavioural reconsolidation interference not observed in a within-subjects design
Authors: Batashvili Michael , Sheaffer Rona , Katz Maya , Doron Yoav , Kempler Noam , Levy Daniel A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies of reconsolidation interference posit that reactivation of a previously consolidated memory via a reminder brings it into an active, labile state, leaving it open for potential manipulation. If interfered with, this may disrupt the original memory trace. While evidence for pharmacological reconsolidation interference is widespread, it remains unclear whether behavioural interference using the presentation of competing information can engender it, especially in declarative memory. Almost all previous studies in this area have employed between-subjects designs, in which there are potential confounds, such as different retrieval strategies for the multiple conditions. In the current studies, within-subjects paradigms were applied to test the effects of reconsolidation interference on associative recognition and free recall. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in pair-associate learning of unrelated object pictures on Day 1, and after a reminder, interference, reminder + interference, or no manipulation (control) on Day 2, were tested on associative recognition of these pairs on Day 3. In Experiments 2 and 3, memoranda were short stories studied on Day 1. On Day 2, stories were assigned to either control, reminder, interference by alternative stories, or reminder + interference conditions. On Day 3 participants recalled the Day 1 stories, and answered yes/no recognition questions. Reminders improved subsequent memory, while interference was effective in reducing retrieval in differing degrees across the experiments. Importantly, the reminder + interference condition was no more effective in impairing retrieval than the interference-alone condition, contrary to the prediction of the behavioural reconsolidation-interference approach.
A stacking ensemble machine learning model to predict alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease clinical outcomes based on UK Biobank data
Authors: Meng Linxi , Treem Will , Heap Graham A. , Chen Jingjing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated liver disease (AATD-LD) is a rare genetic disorder and not well-recognized. Predicting the clinical outcomes of AATD-LD and defining patients more likely to progress to advanced liver disease are crucial for better understanding AATD-LD progression and promoting timely medical intervention. We aimed to develop a tailored machine learning (ML) model to predict the disease progression of AATD-LD. This analysis was conducted through a stacking ensemble learning model by combining five different ML algorithms with 58 predictor variables using nested five-fold cross-validation with repetitions based on the UK Biobank data. Performance of the model was assessed through prediction accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). The importance of predictor contributions was evaluated through a feature importance permutation method. The proposed stacking ensemble ML model showed clinically meaningful accuracy and appeared superior to any single ML algorithms in the ensemble, e.g., the AUROC for AATD-LD was 68.1%, 75.9%, 91.2%, and 67.7% for all-cause mortality, liver-related death, liver transplant, and all-cause mortality or liver transplant, respectively. This work supports the use of ML to address the unanswered clinical questions with clinically meaningful accuracy using real-world data.
Automatic power‐stage partitioning method for reconfigurable SC DC‐DC converters with reduced power‐cell redundancy
Authors: Mu Xuchu , Li Huihua , Jiang Yang , Law Man‐Kay , Mak Pui‐In , Martins Rui P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis letter presents an automatic power‐stage implementation and optimization methodology for fully‐integrated reconfigurable switched‐capacitor (SC) DC‐DC converters with fine‐grained voltage conversion ratios (VCRs). The proposed technique resolves the design challenge of a simultaneous realization of full capacitance utilization, optimal sub‐cell sizing ratio, and implementation complexity reduction. It is based on the proposed partitioning algorithms and attains a significant sub‐cell number reduction, particularly for finer‐grained VCR designs, saving the power‐stage area overhead. With a given set of VCRs and hardware constraints, the proposed methodology can generate a specific power‐stage partitioning solution, including the total number and sizing ratio for the power stage sub‐cells, ensuring an optimal power‐stage conduction loss property under a given on‐chip capacitance area. The proposed methodology is applicable to both linear and binary types of SC converters. Compared with the advanced works, the proposed method realizes the number of sub‐capacitors reduction over 50% under the same VCRs. Meanwhile, over 90% of the sub‐cells can be eliminated for linear‐type SC converters with a VCR range of 10:1–2:1, theoretically.
Wideband filtering waveguide antenna based on the stepped impedance resonator
Authors: Qi Shi‐Shan , Guo Yue , Wu Wen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA wideband filtering waveguide antenna is proposed. The stepped impedance waveguide resonator is used to obtain three resonance modes, widening the bandwidth from 1.9 to 5 GHz. Besides, the antenna integrates a band‐stop filter, which consists of four rectangular resonant cavities, without increasing the lateral and vertical dimensions of the entire antenna. The integrated filter effectively suppresses the antenna gain near 16 GHz, which is outside the working band. Additionally, groove resonance is used to increase the gain of antenna by 4 dB, and two pair of grooves which resonant at different frequencies are employed to increase the bandwidth of realised gain. Finally, a prototype has been developed, the measured relative impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of the proposed antenna is 49.6% at the centre frequency of 11 GHz, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth is 5.1 GHz.
A novel cost‐effective voltage fluctuations management in a droop‐controlled islanded microgrid
Authors: Majd Zahra , Kalantar Mohsen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new energy management system (EMS) for an islanded microgrid (MG) to increase power system security cost‐effectively. The small size of MGs, variations in renewable energy sources (RESs) output power, and low inertia of power electronic interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) convert voltage fluctuations into a vital issue for the MG EMS. This paper proposes a two‐stage stochastic multiobjective framework to simultaneously attain economic, environmental, and technical aims. In the first stage, many scenarios related to RESs output power variations, load demand changes, and DERs contingency outages are generated using Monte Carlo simulation. Afterwards, generated scenarios are reduced and applied to the second stage. A novel objective function based on the expected voltage fluctuations (EVFs) caused by active and reactive power variations is proposed, which is minimized alongside the active and reactive costs and MG emission. The proposed model is applied to a test MG, and active and reactive power and primary and secondary reserve scheduling are correctly accomplished for five different cases. Precise analysis confirms the notability and effectiveness of MG voltage fluctuations management in energy and reserve scheduling. Numerical results show more than 60% reduction in voltage fluctuations.
Applications of wireless sensor systems to sleep stage estimation for home sleep monitoring
Authors: Lee Jin‐Shyan , Dong Ming‐Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research on sleep monitoring and analysis has attracted many scholars. Among them, the polysomnography (PSG) is performed more accurately. However, PSG is not suitable to be used at home due to its complicated operation and expensive cost. On the other hand, although the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is a standardized form for sleep quality assessment, the subjective and backward evaluation may lead to intuitive results. Therefore, this paper is intended to develop a sleep stage estimation system for home health care services. In the proposed platform, the sleep conditions, including the heart rate (HR) and body movement, are collected by an HR monitor and a force sensor array, respectively. Also, the fuzzy inference system is applied to the sleep depth evaluation, and then, the finite state machine is utilised to estimate the sleep stage. Experimental results show that the developed platform not only reduces the burden of PSG measurements, but also provides more convincible and reasonable results, presenting as an assistive tool of the conventional PSQI tests.
Deep and fast Solar System flybys: the controversial case of WD 0810-353
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de la Fuente Marcos C. 
Published: October 2022

Context. Most flybys in the Galactic disk are distant, beyond 104 AU, and have characteristic velocities of ~70 km s−1. However, deep and fast encounters also take place, albeit with lower probability, particularly if one of the objects involved is a stellar remnant ejected during a supernova. WD 0810-353 might be a high velocity white dwarf, and it was recently identified as heading straight for the Solar System; however, the Gaia DR3 data that support its future deep and fast flyby are regarded as suspicious.
Aims. Here, we reanalyze the Gaia DR3 data set associated with WD 0810-353 to confirm or reject the reality of its Solar System flyby and also to investigate its possible runaway status.
Methods. We studied the evolution of WD 0810-353 forward in time using N-body simulations. We computed the distribution of distances of closest approach and their associated times of perihelion passage. We used a statistical analysis of the kinematics of this object to assess its possible hypervelocity. We compared its mean BP/RP spectrum to those of other well-studied white dwarfs.
Results. We confirm that WD 0810-353 is headed for the Solar System, but the actual parameters of the encounter depend strongly on its radial velocity. The Gaia DR3 value of −373.74 ± 8.18 km s−1 is strongly disfavored by our analyses. Its mean BP/RP spectrum suggests a value over ten times higher based on the position of its putative Hα line. However, spectral matching using other white dwarfs with non-Gaia data indicate a radial velocity in the interval (−60, −70) km s−1.
Conclusions. These results confirm the future flyby of WD 0810-353 near the Solar System, although the relative velocity could be high enough or the minimum approach distance large enough to preclude any significant perturbation on the Oort cloud.
L’impact des mutations neutres sur l’évolvabilité et l’évolution des génomes
Authors: Tenaillon Olivier , Matic Ivan 
Published: October 2022

Les mutations bénéfiques à forts effets sont rares et les mutations délétères sont éliminées par la sélection naturelle. La majorité des mutations qui s’accumulent dans les génomes ont donc des effets sélectifs très faibles, voire nuls ; elles sont alors appelées mutations neutres. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, il a été montré que les mutations, même en l’absence d’effet sur la valeur sélective des organismes, affectent leur évolvabilité, en donnant accès à de nouveaux phénotypes par le biais de mutations apparaissant ultérieurement, et qui n’auraient pas été disponibles autrement. En plus de cet effet, de nombreuses mutations neutres – indépendamment de leurs effets sélectifs – peuvent affecter la mutabilité de séquences d’ADN voisines, et moduler l’efficacité de la recombinaison homologue. De telles mutations ne modifient pas le spectre des phénotypes accessibles, mais plutôt la vitesse à laquelle de nouveaux phénotypes seront produits, un processus qui a des conséquences à long terme mais aussi potentiellement à court terme, en lien avec l’émergence de cancers.