bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of the expression, prognosis, and immune infiltrates for CHDs in human lung cancer
Authors: Lv Yang , Lin Wenchu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family, a group of genes that regulate nucleosome spacing and access to transcription factors, contributes to tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, the roles of CHD family members in lung cancer remain poorly understood.

Methods
We investigated the transcriptional, survival, and immune data of CHDs in patients with lung cancer from the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, TCGA, TIMER, cBioPortal, and CR2Cancer databases. Then, perform functional enrichment analysis of CHDs was performed using the Metascape. Finally, the expression of CHD7, CHD8 and DNA damage response genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot.The effects of CHD7 or CHD8 knockdown on A549 and PC9 cells were measured in vitro by flow cytometry, cell viability and colony formation assays.

Results
We found that except for CHD5, nearly all members of CHDs in lung cancer showed altered expression compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the abnormal expression levels of CHDs were related to the clinical outcome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and, to a lesser extent, patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, which were significantly associated with the immune infiltrating levels of immune cells. Furthermore, the functions of CHDs and their neighboring genes are mainly related to DNA repair, the cell cycle, and organelle organization. Finally, cellular experiments conducted in vitro confirmed that CHD7/8 played indispensable roles in DNA damage signaling and cell cycle progression in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Conclusion
This study implied that CHD family members, especially in subclass III, are potential targets of precision therapy and new biomarkers for patients with lung cancer.
A Lagrangian dual-based theory-guided deep neural network
Authors: Rong Miao , Zhang Dongxiao , Wang Nanzhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe theory-guided neural network (TgNN) is a kind of method which improves the effectiveness and efficiency of neural network architectures by incorporating scientific knowledge or physical information. Despite its great success, the theory-guided (deep) neural network possesses certain limits when maintaining a tradeoff between training data and domain knowledge during the training process. In this paper, the Lagrangian dual-based TgNN (TgNN-LD) is proposed to improve the effectiveness of the training process. We convert the original loss function into a constrained form with several items, in which partial differential equations (PDEs), engineering controls (ECs), and expert knowledge (EK) are regarded as constraints, with one Lagrangian variable per constraint. These Lagrangian variables are incorporated to achieve an equitable trade-off between observation data and corresponding constraints, to improve prediction accuracy and training efficiency. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, the original TgNN model with a set of optimized weight values adjusted by ad-hoc procedures is compared on a subsurface flow problem, with their L2 error, R square (R2), and computational time being analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the Lagrangian dual-based TgNN.
Networked solidarity economy: Gender in interorganizational networks. An evaluation with ERGMs
Authors: Garrido-Skurkowicz Natalia , Steglich Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor their economic success, organizations in the social economy are particularly dependent on access to collective resources through interorganizational networks. Because self-organised network governance of an economy is notoriously intransparent, there is the danger that existing societal inequalities get replicated particularly well. This creates a tension with the equality-promoting mission of these organizations. This paper investigates the degree to which the goal of gender equality has been realized in the social economy of Barcelona. By analysing networks of advice-seeking and economic collaboration with exponential random graph models, network mechanisms are analysed to estimate gender-based inequality.
Are the Criteria for the Diagnosis of Premature Ejaculation Applicable to Gay Men or Sexual Activities Other than Penile-Vaginal Intercourse?
Authors: McNabney Sean M. , Weseman Claire E. , Hevesi Kriszta , Rowland David L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The criteria for premature ejaculation (PE) have generally been limited to the diagnosis of heterosexual men engaging in penile-vaginal intercourse and therefore the applicability of PE diagnostic criteria to gay men and to activities beyond penile-vaginal intercourse has yet to be explored in depth.

Aim
To compare the prevalence of PE in gay and straight men and to assess whether PE-related diagnostic measures (ejaculatory control, ejaculation latency [EL], and bother/distress) can be applied with confidence to gay men or to men engaging in sexual activities other than penile-vaginal intercourse.

Methods
Gay and straight participants (n = 3878) were recruited to take an online survey assessing sexual orientation, sexual function/dysfunction (including specific PE-related measures), sexual relationship satisfaction, and various other sexual behaviors during partnered sex or masturbation.

Outcomes
Comparison of ejaculatory control, EL, and bother/distress across gay and straight men, as well as across different types of sexual activities.

Results
A slightly lower PE prevalence among gay men became undetectable when other predictors of prevalence were included in a multivariate analysis (aOR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.60–1.22]). Gay men with PE reported longer typical ELs (zU = -3.35, P &lt; .001) and lower distress (zU = 3.68, P &lt; .001) relative to straight men, but longer ELs and lower distress were also associated with anal sex.

Clinical Translation
Clinicians can feel confident about using existing criteria for the diagnosis of PE in gay men but should be aware of potentially longer ELs and lower PE-related bother/distress—probably related to the practice of anal sex—compared with straight men.

Strengths and Limitations
Although well-powered and international in scope, this study was limited by biases inherent to online surveys, the lack of a sizable sample of bisexual men, and a lack of differentiation between men with acquired vs lifelong PE.

Conclusions
Irrespective of sexual orientation, gay and straight men with PE reported shorter ELs, lower satisfaction, and greater bother/distress than functional counterparts. While PE-related diagnostic criteria (ejaculatory control, EL, and bother/distress) are applicable to gay men, accommodation for longer ELs and lower bother/distress in gay men should be considered.
Fighters’ motivations for joining extremist groups: Investigating the attractiveness of the Right Sector's Volunteer Ukrainian Corps
Authors: Mutallimzada Khalil , Steiner Kristian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2014, eight years prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian-backed separatists seized parts of the Ukrainian regions Luhansk and Donetsk. Shortly thereafter, thousands of Ukrainians voluntarily enrolled to various paramilitary battalions. Unlike the Right Sector's Volunteer Ukrainian Corps (RS VUC), almost all battalions were incorporated into Ukrainian official defence structures. Applying uncertainty-identity theory and based on interviews, observations, and documents, this study investigates the attractiveness of RS VUC prior to the 2022 war, motivating the fighters to join this organisation and to remain in it. The study found that fighters of RS VUC distrusted society, the wider population, and state authorities. RS VUC, with its high fighting morale, discipline, family-like relationships between fighters, as well as its clear ideology and boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’, were attractive to the fighters since its unambiguous group prototypes and high entitativity, reduced the fighters’ self-uncertainty regarding their social identity in an uncertain environment. The findings also revealed that the fighters’ choice to join RS VUC can be understood as a rational decision, since RS VUC's group entitativity provided the fighters with moral and emotional benefits, as well as maximised their chances of survival.
HIGHER INDEPENDENCE
Authors: FISCHER VERA , MONTOYA DIANA CAROLINA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study higher analogues of the classical independence number on
$\omega $
. For
$\kappa $
regular uncountable, we denote by
$i(\kappa )$
the minimal size of a maximal
$\kappa $
-independent family. We establish ZFC relations between
$i(\kappa )$
and the standard higher analogues of some of the classical cardinal characteristics, e.g.,
$\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {i}(\kappa )$
and
$\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {i}(\kappa )$
. For
$\kappa $
measurable, assuming that
$2^{\kappa }=\kappa ^{+}$
we construct a maximal
$\kappa $
-independent family which remains maximal after the
$\kappa $
-support product of
$\lambda $
many copies of
$\kappa $
-Sacks forcing. Thus, we show the consistency of
$\kappa ^{+}=\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )=\mathfrak {i}(\kappa )<2^{\kappa }$
. We conclude the paper with interesting open questions and discuss difficulties regarding other natural approaches to higher independence.
Negotiating the Kin-State Citizenship: The Case of Croats from Herzegovina
Authors: Subašić Mate 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores how the meanings individuals ascribed to kin-state citizenship change in the long term. Previous research has looked at the real-time acquisition of citizenship and established three dimensions of meanings individuals ascribe to citizenship: identity, instrumental, and legitimacy. Building on the case of Croats from Herzegovina (BiH), who acquired citizenship back in the 1990s, the article demonstrates how meanings individuals ascribe to citizenship change over time across each dimension—subject to the perception of inclusion into the kin-state, type and the extent of opportunities kin-states provide, as well as the routinization of citizenship practices. By disaggregating each dimension further, the article extends the understanding of kin-state citizenship and shows how individuals respond to the policy implementation’s overall dynamics by aligning the meanings they ascribe to citizenship. Therefore, future work should look more closely at the interplay between state policy dynamics and its impact on individuals.
Associations of dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B3 with risk of mortality from CVD among Japanese men and women: the Japan Collaborative Cohort study
Authors: Tang Chengyao , Eshak Ehab Salah , Shirai Kokoro , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe evidence on the association between B vitamins and the risk of CVD is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association of dietary vitamins B1 and B3 intakes with risk of CVD mortality among 58 302 Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. The Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of CVD mortality across increasing energy-adjusted quintiles of dietary vitamins B1 and B3 intakes. During 960 225 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 3371 CVD deaths. After adjustment for age, sex, and other CVD risk factors, HR of mortality from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure in the highest v. lowest vitamin B1 intake quintiles were 0.57 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·80; Pfor trend < 0·01), 0.56 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·82; Pfor trend < 0·01), and 0.65 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·96; Pfor trend = 0·13). The multivariable HR of myocardial infarction mortality in the highest v. lowest vitamin B3 intake quintiles was 0.66 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·90; Pfor trend = 0·02). Atendency towards a reduced risk of haemorrhagic stroke mortality was observed with a higher dietary intake of vitamin B3 (HR: 0·74 (95 % CI 0·55, 1·01)) but not vitamin B1. In conclusion, higher dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B3 were inversely associated with mortality from ischemic heart disease and a higher dietary intake of vitamin B1 was inversely associated with a reduced risk of mortality from heart failure among Japanese men and women.
Early weaning and family characteristics are associated with greater sodium intake in children between 13 and 35 months: BRISA birth cohort
Authors: De Sousa Dinamara Rodrigues , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Cavalcante Milady Cutrim Vieira , Pereira Natália Oliveira , Fonseca Poliana , Filho Fernando Lamy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildren are consuming less healthy foods, and this eating behaviour exposes the child to greater Na intake. The association between family, maternal and child characteristics with Na intake by children aged 13–35 months was evaluated. A study carried out with retrospective data on 1,185 children from the Brisa cohort. The children’s dietary Na intake was assessed by a 24-h diet recall survey. Values ≥ 1200 mg were considered excessive intake. The association between Na intake and independent variables was assessed by a three-level logistic hierarchical regression model. Variables with P-value < 0·05 were retained in the model. Most children were male (51·2 %), eutrophic (63·2 %) and not exclusively breast-feeding (EBF) for 6 months (58·4 %). The average Na intake was 925 mg (±410·4). The prevalence of excessive Na intake was 18·5 % and was associated with the variables children of younger mothers (< 20 years old OR = 4·04, 95 % CI 1·64, 9·99; ≥ 20 to < 35 years old OR = 2·48, 95 % CI 1·10, 5·63), having four or more children (OR = 2·51, 95 % CI 1·29, 4·89), lower family income (≥ 1 and < 3 minimum wages OR = 0·60, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·93; ≥ 3 minimum wages OR = 0·50, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·82) and not being EBF until 6 months (OR = 1·64, 95 % CI 1·14, 2·34). The average Na intake of children was higher than the recommendation for adequate intake, pointing to a high consumption of this micronutrient in the first years of life. Excessive Na intake seems to be linked to unfavourable socio-economic conditions. Avoiding early weaning is the only possible intervention in this scenario.
Left regular representations of Garside categories I. C*-algebras and groupoids
Authors: Li Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe initiate the study of C*-algebras and groupoids arising from left regular representations of Garside categories, a notion which originated from the study of Braid groups. Every higher rank graph is a Garside category in a natural way. We develop a general classification result for closed invariant subspaces of our groupoids as well as criteria for topological freeness and local contractiveness, properties which are relevant for the structure of the corresponding C*-algebras. Our results provide a conceptual explanation for previous results on gauge-invariant ideals of higher rank graph C*-algebras. As another application, we give a complete analysis of the ideal structures of C*-algebras generated by left regular representations of Artin–Tits monoids.
Plague, Crisis, and Scientific Authority during the London Caterpillar Outbreak of 1782
Authors: Lidwell-Durnin John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the summer of 1780, anti-Catholic riots led by Lord George Gordon in London left hundreds dead and stretches of the city burnt and destroyed. Eighteen months later, during a tense period in the city's history, London was invaded by brown-tail moth caterpillars. The metropolis and surrounding countryside disappeared behind the tents and nests of the insects, prompting widespread fear of famine and plague. With the memory of the riots still fresh, philanthropists such as Jonas Hanway and entomologists like William Curtis sought to assuage the public's fear, insisting that the brown-tail moth outbreak was part of the normal operations of nature, that the infestation bore no danger to the public, and that efforts to alarm the public or describe them as dangerous were contemptuous. At the same time, the conjurer and philosopher Gustavus Katterfelto, performing in the city, sought to profit from the public agitation, developing spectacles and performances that promised the insects would soon deliver famine, plague, and ruin on the city. This article examines the intersection of scientific authority, public fear, and performance, showing that the outbreak placed tremendous stress on the relationship between scientific authority and security in the metropolis.
Rhodesian Literature
Authors: Krog Walter 
Published: April 2022

In the early 1950s it became apparent to the Rhodesia Government that the rapid increase in literacy amongst Africans, due to the increased tempo of education, would present its own problem. This problem can best be summed up in three words, “Literacy without Literature.” Many school leavers only reached primary level and, although literate, were only literate in their own vernaculars, Shona or Ndebele. Unless books in these languages were provided urgently the people would lose their newly attained skill through sheer lack of practice and in many cases revert to illiteracy. Literacy creates its own type of hunger, hunger for books which must be satisfied, or frustration will ensue.Thus, in 1953, the Rhodesia Literature Bureau was created, (since 1963 it has been part of the Department of African Education) to make available a supply of literature to fulfil these special needs.
The David Livingstone Documentation Project
Authors: Simpson Donald 
Published: April 2022

In May 1973 the Centre of African Studies of the University of Edinburgh celebrated the centenary of the death of David Livingstone by a lecture by Professor George Shepperson and a seminar on various aspects of Livingstone's life and work. The lecture and seminar proceedings have now been published by the Centre as David Livingstone and Africa, remarkable value at 50p.The seminar emphasized the diversity of Livingstone's achievements and the complexity of his character, and again and again the point emerged that one needs to know as wide a range as possible of his writings to assemble adequate evidence to assess his life and work. He was a prolific writer of letters, diaries, memoranda and articles as well as his books, and though much has been published, extensive further material is coming to light from time to time, both in private and in institutional hands.
Sudan's National Documentation Centre
Authors: Weyers Richard M. 
Published: April 2022

The National Documentation Centre in Khartoum was set up by the Sudanese Government in 1974 as part of the National Council for Research, which had been set up in 1973. The aims of the National Council for Research are toencourage, organise and promote scientific research in its various aspects with a view to the realisation of economic and social development within the framework of the state policy.Within the same Act there was provision forestablishing documentation centres, statistics bureaus (sic) scientific information centres, computer centres and other institutions which the Council deems necessary for the purpose of facilitating research.Thus on the face of it, the National Documentation Centre exists solely to provide research information in order to facilitate government research. In practice, the Centre has taken on and is attempting to take on far broader responsibilites in the fields of librarianship and information science.
State versus documentation: access to anti-apartheid viewpoints from within South Africa
Authors: Merrett Christopher 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to highlight the significance of publication of antiapartheid periodicals within South Africa; to describe some of the difficulties under which researchers, writers and publishers operate; to attempt a categorization of this type of material; and to explain why the documentalist and indexer plays an important role in the study and understanding of present, and future, South African society. Excluded from this survey are literary and creative publications which could also be classified as anti-apartheid.There exists in South Africa a long and honourable tradition of antiapartheid periodical publishing. The response from those who hold the reins of power has been a vigorous campaign of censorship which, in the context of South Africa's political economy, may be seen as a logical necessity.
Colonial Archives in Cameroon
Authors: Orosz Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2022

One of the biggest problems facing the new gèneration of scholars currently dealing with European imperialism is the lack of information in the West about the location and availability of archival sources in Africa. Although Gloria Westfall's recent survey has done much to rectify this situation for the former French possessions, more detailed work remains to be done on specific countries. This is particularly true of Cameroon, where much has changed in the twenty years since the last published description of the official archives appeared.This paper summarizes the procedures necessary for entry into Cameroonian archives holding material relating to the colonial period, discusses the facilities available to researchers, and gives an overview of the physical condition and types of records held at each site. In particular, the holdings of the Buea and Yaoundè sections of the Archives Nationales, the archives of the Catholic church and those of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon are discussed.
Libraries in research and scholarship in Ghana
Authors: Alemna A.A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper examines the contributions that libraries in Ghana are making towards research and scholarship in the country. The libraries discussed are mainly academic and special libraries as it is the view of the writer that school and public libraries are so poorly developed as to provide any materials of value to scholarship and research. It is also the view of the writer that libraries in Ghana are not making adequate contributions to scholarship and research in large part because of inadequate funds and physical facilities.
Teaching African History in London Secondary Schools
Authors: Singh Jai 
Published: April 2022

The majority of secondary schools in the inner London area still offer their pupils what may be described as a ‘traditional’ history course in the lower school. This course begins with cavemen and usually ends with the Hanoverians. Pupils are taught about the “Great Civilisations” of Egypt, Greece and Rome, about the various invaders who came to these Islands such as the Romans, Vikings and Normans. This course is still firmly entrenched in our schools and most history departments in the London area are reluctant to alter their syllabi.Part of the explanation for this reluctance is resistance by classroom teachers to other areas of study. Mast of our teachers were themselves taught this traditional course and cannot honestly see any reason for changing what they teach. After all, if it was good enough for them why shouldn't it be good enough for their pupils?