bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Selective Ethanol Oxidation on Tensile‐Trained Pt(110) Surface by Ir Single Atoms
Authors: Zhang Genlei , Cao Dongjie , Guo Shiyu , Fang Yan , Wang Qi , Cheng Sheng , Zuo Wansheng , Yang Zhenzhen , Cui Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDevelopment of efficient and robust electrocatalysts for complete oxidation of ethanol is critical for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells. However, the complete oxidation of ethanol suffers from poor efficiency due to the low C1 pathway selectivity. Herein, single‐atomic Ir (Ir1) onhcp‐PtPb/fcc‐Pt core–shell hexagonal nanoplates (PtPb@PtIr1HNPs) enclosed by Pt(110) surface with a 7.2% tensile strain is constructed to drive complete electro‐oxidation of ethanol. Benefiting from the construction of Ir1sites, the PtPb@PtIr1HNPs exhibit a Faraday efficiency of 57.93% for the C1 pathway, which is ≈8.3 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C‐JM. Furthermore, the PtPb@PtIr1HNPs show a top‐ranked electro‐activity achieving 45.1‐fold and 56.3‐fold higher than the specific and mass activities of Pt/C‐JM, respectively. Meanwhile, the durability can be significantly enhanced by the construction of Ir1sites. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the strong synergy on the PtPb@PtIr1HNPs surface significantly promotes the breaking of CC bond of CH2CO* and facilitates CO oxidation and suppresses the deactivation of the catalyst. This work offers a unique single‐atom approach using low‐coordination active sites on shape‐controlled nanocrystals to tune the selectivity and activity toward complicated catalytic reactions.
Self‐Powered High‐Voltage Recharging System for Removing Noxious Tobacco Smoke by Biomimetic Hairy‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Chen Pengfei , Zu Lulu , Yang Jin , Sun Yanshuo , Li Hao , Chen Baodong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe most common size range of particulate matter (PM) in tobacco smoke is 1.0 to 5.0 microns; however, a high number of the most harmful PM is as small as 0.5 micron that is a serious threat to human health, and it is difficult to remove. There is an urgent need to develop a new purification technology for high‐efficiency removing tobacco smoke with easily construction and low cost. Here, a method of self‐powered high‐voltage recharging system is demonstrated by designing biomimetic hairy‐contact triboelectric nanogenerator (BHC‐TENG) for long‐lasting adsorption with a wide range from PM 0.5 to PM 10. The open‐circuit voltage of BHC‐TENGs reaches 8.42 KV, which can continuously charge injection to the melt‐blown fabric, whose surface potential is able to maintain nearly 260 V level and create a uniform electrostatic adsorption field on the surface. This high‐voltage recharging system reduces the concentration of PMs to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, maintaining the purification efficiency of PM 0.5– PM 10 persistently over 90%.
AmPyfier: Test amplification in Python
Authors: Schoofs Ebert , Abdi Mehrdad , Demeyer Serge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTest amplification aims to automatically improve a test suite. One technique generates new test methods through transformations of the original tests. These test amplification tools heavily rely on analysis techniques that benefit a lot from type declarations present in the source code of projects written in statically typed languages. In dynamically typed languages, such type declarations are not available, and therefore, research regarding test amplification for those languages is sparse. Recent work has brought test amplification to the dynamically typed language Pharo Smalltalk by introducing the concept of dynamic type profiling. The technique is dependent on Pharo‐specific frameworks and has not yet been generalized to other languages. Another significant downside in test amplification tools based on the mutation score of a test suite is their high time cost. In this paper, we present AmPyfier, a tool that brings test amplification and type profiling to the dynamically typed language Python. AmPyfier introduces multi‐metric selection in order to increase the time efficiency of test amplification. We evaluated AmPyfier on 11 open‐source projects and found that AmPyfier could strengthen 37 out of 54 test classes. Multi‐metric selection decreased the time cost ranging from 17% to 98% as opposed to selection based on the full mutation score.
Carbodiimide‐Induced Formation of Transient Polyether Cages**
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Mosharraf , Jayalath Isuru M. , Baral Renuka , Hartley C. Scott 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of “fuel” compounds to drive chemical systems out of equilibrium is currently of interest because of the potential for temporally controlled, responsive behavior. We have recently shown that transiently formed crown ethers exhibit counterintuitive templation effects when generated in the presence of alkali metal cations: “matched” cations, such as K+with an 18‐crown‐6 analogue, suppress the formation of the macrocycles (negative templation). In this work, we describe two macrocyclic diacids that, on treatment with carbodiimides, give transient macrobicyclic cages analogous to polyether cages. Negative templation effects are observed for the smaller cage when generated in the presence of K+and Na+, but there is a weak, but reproducible, positive templation effect in the presence of Li+. The larger cage behaves similarly in the presence of Li+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, but differently with Na+, which appears to bind to both the cage and the initial macrocycle.
Differences and similarities between familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia: An Italian single‐center cohort study
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Libri Ilenia , Premi Enrico , Alberici Antonella , Cantoni Valentina , Gadola Yasmine , Rivolta Jasmine , Pengo Marta , Gazzina Stefano , Calhoun Vince D. , Gasparotti Roberto , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J. , Blennow Kaj , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe possibility to generalize our understandings on treatments and assessments to both familial frontotemporal dementia (f‐FTD) and sporadic FTD (s‐FTD) is a fundamental perspective for the near future, considering the constant advancement in potential disease‐modifying therapies that target particular genetic forms of FTD. We aimed to investigate differences in clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood‐based biomarkers between f‐FTD and s‐FTD.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated a consecutive sample of symptomatic FTD patients, classified as f‐FTD and s‐FTD according to Goldman scores (GS). All patients underwent clinical, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric symptom assessment, CSF biomarkers and serum neurofilament light (NfL) analysis, and brain atrophy evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsOf 570 patients with FTD, 123 were classified as f‐FTD, and 447 as s‐FTD. In the f‐FTD group, 95 had a pathogenic FTD mutation while 28 were classified as GS = 1 or 2; of the s‐FTD group, 133 were classified as GS = 3 and 314 with GS = 4. f‐FTD and s‐FTD cases showed comparable demographic features, except for younger age at disease onset, age at diagnosis, and higher years of education in the f‐FTD group (all P < .05). f‐FTD showed worse behavioral disturbances as measured with Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) negative behaviors (14.0 ± 7.6 vs. 11.6 ± 7.4, P = .002), and positive behaviors (20.0 ± 11.0 vs. 17.4 ± 11.8, P = .031). Serum NfL concentrations were higher in patients with f‐FTD (70.9 ± 37.9 pg/mL) compared to s‐FTD patients (37.3 ± 24.2 pg/mL, P < .001), and f‐FTD showed greater brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions and basal ganglia. Patients with f‐FTD had significantly shorter survival than those with s‐FTD (P = .004).Discussionf‐FTD and s‐FTD are very similar clinical entities, but with different biological mechanisms, and different rates of progression. The parallel characterization of both f‐FTD and s‐FTD will improve our understanding of the disease, and aid in designing future clinical trials for both genetic and sporadic forms of FTD.Highlights
Do clinical features and biomarkers differ between patients with familial frontotemporal dementia (f‐FTD) and sporadic FTD (s‐FTD)?
In this cohort study of 570 patients with FTD, f‐FTD and s‐FTD share similar demographic features, but with younger age at disease onset and diagnosis in the f‐FTD group.
f‐FTD showed higher serum neurofilament light concentrations, greater brain damage, and shorter survival, compared to s‐FTD.
f‐FTD and s‐FTD are very similar clinical entities, but with different cognitive reserve mechanisms and different rates of progression.
High visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability predicts global cognitive decline: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Daniel George D. , Chen Haiying , Bertoni Alain G. , Hughes Timothy M. , Hayden Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch of hypertension‐related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease has typically focused on blood pressure (BP) levels, despite evidence that high blood pressure variability (BPV) over time may predict poorer cardiovascular, neuropathological, and neurocognitive outcomes. We evaluated associations between BPV and cognitive function in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).MethodsMultivariable linear and logistic regression analyses of BP data across six examinations were used to determine associations that BPV (average real variability [ARV], variability independent of the mean [VIM]) and group‐based latent BP trajectories have with cognitive function, decline, and impairment, measured by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), and Digit Span tests.ResultsParticipants (N = 1314; mean baseline age = 57) were 50% female, and 48% White. Higher systolic (β = −0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.12, −0.0001) and diastolic (β = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.14, −0.02) ARV predicted increased global cognitive decline after covariate adjustment. Stronger relationships between BPV and global cognition were in older, White and Black participants, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 non‐carriers, male participants, and non‐antihypertensive medication users.ConclusionResults suggest that higher systolic and diastolic BPV is an independent risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and decline in this multi‐ethnic cohort. This relationship differs across demographic and clinical characteristics.
The emergent role of mitochondrial RNA modifications in metabolic alterations
Authors: Boughanem Hatim , Böttcher Yvonne , Tomé‐Carneiro João , López de las Hazas María‐Carmen , Dávalos Alberto , Cayir Akin , Macias‐González Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondrial epitranscriptomics refers to the modifications occurring in all the different RNA types of mitochondria. Although the number of mitochondrial RNA modifications is less than those in cytoplasm, substantial evidence indicates that they play a critical role in accurate protein synthesis. Recent evidence supported those modifications in mitochondrial RNAs also have crucial implications in mitochondrial‐related diseases. In the light of current knowledge about the involvement, the association between mitochondrial RNA modifications and diseases arises from studies focusing on mutations in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes encoding enzymes involved in such modifications. Here, we review the current evidence available for mitochondrial RNA modifications and their role in metabolic disorders, and we also explore the possibility of using them as promising targets for prevention and early detection. Finally, we discuss future directions of mitochondrial epitranscriptomics in these metabolic alterations, and how these RNA modifications may offer a new diagnostic and theragnostic avenue for preventive purposes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Mechanisms of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome after CAR‐T treatment
Authors: Gu Tianning , Hu Kejia , Si Xiaohui , Hu Yongxian , Huang He 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) treatment has revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy with significant efficacy on hematologic malignancy, especially in relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, unexpected serious toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) still hamper its broad application. Clinical trials using CAR‐T cells targeting specific antigens on tumor cell surface have provided valuable information about the characteristics of ICANS. With unclear mechanism of ICANS after CAR‐T treatment, unremitting efforts have been devoted to further exploration. Clinical findings from patients with ICANS strongly indicated existence of overactivated peripheral immune response followed by endothelial activation‐induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which triggers subsequent central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurotoxicity. Several animal models have been built but failed to fully replicate the whole spectrum of ICANS in human. Hopefully, novel and powerful technologies like single‐cell analysis may help decipher the precise cellular response within CNS from a different perspective when ICANS happens. Moreover, multidisciplinary cooperation among the subjects of immunology, hematology, and neurology will facilitate better understanding about the complex immune interaction between the peripheral, protective barriers, and CNS in ICANS. This review elaborates recent findings about ICANS after CAR‐T treatment from bed to bench, and discusses the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that may promote effective management in the future.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Biomedical Engineering
Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
The coordination number rule and its implications – a review
Authors: Beck Horst P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe give a review on the coordination number rule and its implications. We demonstrate how even rather complex (non‐molecular) structures can be rationalized and sometimes even predicted starting from primary coordination numbers of cations only, and we show how connectivity formulas of a Niggli‐type can be inferred from such a simple starting point. Furthermore, we derive a measure to describe the segregation of different ions within the general matrix and we point out that it can be due not only to chemical disparities of the components but also to simple numerical relations between stoichiometric coefficients and coordination numbers. It can be shown that Pauling's electrostatic valence rule must sometimes necessarily be violated depending on such numerical relations. We finally address the principle of electrostatic balance as a driving force for creating certain topologies which seem surprising at first glance, and we may thereby help to “reconcile” with the “violations” of Pauling's rule.
Back to Design Basics: Reflections, Challenges and Essentials of a Designer’s Survival Kit during a Pandemic
Authors: Chatterjee Ritushree , Juvale Darshana , He Long , Evans Lynn Lundy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInnovation is at its best when we are thrusted into an emergency situation that tests protocols and established norms. In this chapter, authors reflect on the journey of a team of instructional designers in an online learning design unit of a large mid-western university amidst COVID-19. With the influx of a multitude of courses to be transitioned to the online platform, authors describe challenges faced by their unit, coping mechanisms, and lessons learned during this phase. They describe inclusive design thinking and uninterrupted practice in return to robust instructional design models, such as Understanding by Design and Universal Design for Learning. The chapter concludes with examples of tried and tested internal tools and an adaptive workflow catering to a shortened development timeline. These practices and reflections serve as a guiding light as the global world navigates online learning to meet increasing demands of new-age digital accessibility and online course design considerations in higher education beyond COVID-19.
Exploring Namibia’s Educational Emergency Response Teaching: A Policy and Practice Perspective
Authors: Boer Perien Joniell , Asino Tutaleni I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic challenged educators and education systems globally to rethink education. Using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model we argue that the sudden shift to emergency remote teaching highlighted the importance of (1) understanding the goals and objectives for emergency remote teaching and how they were communicated to and internalized by stakeholders (context); (2) considering the existing internal resources necessary for supporting the transition to another form of learning delivery (input); (3) asking which aspects of the education system affected the feasibility and effectiveness of the transition (process), and (4) reflecting on the interactions and responses of stakeholders regarding their experiences with the sudden move to fully online learning (product). In this chapter, we use the CIPP to explore the educational response during emergency teaching in Namibia. We aim to unpack the decisions, and processes, employed during the COVID-19 lockdown in the country.
Implementation of a Digital Live-Action Gaming Experience for Interprofessional Learning and Training
Authors: Thomas Andre , Li Yun , Kaunas Christine L. , Newcomb Marty , Carrino Gerard E. , Greenwood Lori D. , St. Louis Patrick D. , Marklund LeRoy A. , Samuel Nephy G. , Chapa Hector O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterprofessional education is required by all athletic training, medical, pharmacy, nursing, and public health students at Texas A&M University. One such opportunity for collaborative training has been Disaster Day, the nation’s largest student-led interprofessional emergency response simulation. This annual training of 500–800 students takes place on a single day, in two 4-h sessions, at a designated site on campus. Due to COVID-19, the simulation could not be offered in-person in 2020, so the organizers looked for alternative solutions. We opted to use digital games, which have been proposed and used for formal and informal education for several years. While there have been games specifically developed for interprofessional training, none of those games were readily available for use by other institutions, nor is their focus on disaster response. In this chapter, we provide a detailed analysis of how an interdisciplinary team of health professions educators and game designers met interprofessional learning requirements while maintaining student engagement. Lessons from an abbreviated schedule and limited budget will be discussed. The approach incorporated different technologies and tools that are readily available. We will discuss pitfalls, assumptions, and full implementation of our approach. This will allow others to replicate our method and create similar highly engaging learning experiences for remote and online learning.
Moving Volleyball Coaches Education Online: A Case Study
Authors: Buchner Josef , Plessl Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditionally, volleyball coaches’ education has been conducted physically in the gym and classroom, but due to Covid-19 and the actions needed to contain the pandemic, that was no longer possible in the spring of 2020. Instead of canceling the already planned course we decided to move the course online. The development process was guided by the question if we can teach volleyball-specific skills online. As a result, we designed a fully online blended learning course with a problem-centered approach and authentic video-based tasks. A total of 23 prospective coaches took part in the course. Skills acquisition was measured using a pretest-posttest design revealing a large effect of our design on skills acquisition. Additionally, we surveyed participants attitudes towards the learning design. The results show that prospective coaches were satisfied with the design and perceived the online learning course as useful for volleyball coaches’ education. Based on the results, we can recommend the combination of videos and interactive content to provide authentic problem-centered tasks to facilitate skills online in volleyball coaches’ education.
Reopening Campuses: Visualizing the Structure of a System Problem
Authors: Ali Hadi , McKenna Ann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe process of reopening of college campuses in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on underlying features of the educational system. Understanding the various models of reopening gives us insight into how the education system is structured through the responses of the various college campuses—a unique opportunity to capturing issues of inertial momentum against change in the past, and projecting into the future. We propose visualizing the structure of a system problem as a way to allow the problem to become visible through mental models. We illustrate our approach through causal loops—the core tool for systems thinking. We discuss the construction of one visual model, based on publicly available resources, to be used as a starting point for a discussion. The model points to the importance of making informed, high-level early decisions, in the case of a crisis, as this shows to be a highly dependent variable in the model. This finding is shown to be supported by ongoing research on faculty adaptability in different contexts. Visualizing mental models in systems thinking does not seek to unnecessarily capture all the details of the complexity of the educational system; rather, it aims to externalize deep problems, which, in turn, demonstrate opportunities for transformation in the future.
Utilizing Rapid Needs Assessment to Strengthen PK-12 Teaching and Learning Affordances in Emergency Remote Teaching
Authors: Bagdy Lauren M. , Stefaniak Jill E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to explore how PK-12 teachers can use rapid needs assessment strategies to support their students during emergency remote teaching. Using the contextual lens of the emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter provides a review of challenges faced by teachers and students. In response to similar future emergency remote teaching situations, we recommend the use of rapid needs assessment to mitigate similar challenges. This chapter provides an overview of needs assessment and outlines applicable rapid needs assessment strategies that can be used by PK-12 teachers if they are faced with emergency remote teaching in the future.
The Effects of Covid-19 on Rural School Communities in Guyana: New Directions or Old Methods Retooled
Authors: Bissessar Charmaine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe true effect of the pandemic will not be felt for many years. However, the present effect of the pandemic has resulted in a digital canyon between the haves and have nots concerning accessibility to devices and Internet connectivity. Rural school communities are feeling the effects of the pandemic. This qualitative methodology, based on the descriptive phenomenology approach, examined the views of a purposive sampling of 12 secondary school teachers who are teaching in rural Guyana (hinterland) regions, in order to understand some of the issues they and their students are facing. The issues were learning loss, the COVID slide, and digital divide. In order to mitigate these effects the teachers have been using first- and second-generation media (community boards, radio, and supermarket distribution sites). Their resilience and grit are evidenced as they continue the education process. Rural communities have galvanized into action to provide spaces for sharing worksheets and to ensure that no child is left behind.