bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) Method for Midwives Planning and Estimation at Asrade Zewude Memorial Primary Hospital, North west Ethiopia
Authors: Asres Gizew Dessie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWork force is a crucial component of health services delivery system. Ethiopia faces health workforce challenges with regard to evidence based health work force planning. First the health worker to population ratio was used and later standard staffing schedule for each health facility level was used. Both of these methods did not address the issue of evidence based workload variation between the same levels of facilities at different locations within a country. A workload indicator of staffing need method (WISN) addresses these variations. Therefore this study was assumed for recommendation on use of WISN for health facilities based on WISN results of midwives at Asrade Zewude memorial Hospital.MethodsCross sectional study using WISN model was used to determine the gaps or excess and workload pressure in midwives at Asrade Zewude Memorial primary hospital, North West Ethiopia.ResultsThe finding showed that there was five working days with 1030 hrs actual working time per year for midwives. This working time was spent on health service activities (58.4%), additional activities (36.6%) and support activities (5%). WISN calculation showed that a shortage of five midwives with WISN ratio of 0.8 at Asrade Zewude Memorial primary hospital North West Ethiopia.ConclusionMidwives at the study area were doing their routine work with 20% under staffed by covering the additional five midwives’ position. With this working condition, it may be hard to achieve universal health coverage goals of the facility. Therefore the hospital should institutionalize WISN method to objectively employ midwifery professionals.
The responsiveness of health service provider and quality of services when provided at three selected urban primary health care sites in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A cross–sectional study
Authors: Gautam Abhiyan , Bhandari Bandana , Hassan Chungano , Hassan Fatiha , Mehjabeen Saima , Ahmed Syed Masud , Islam Kuhel Faizul , Naher Nahitun , Haque Roksana 
Published: April 2022

1AbstractIntroductionResponsiveness of Health Service Provider (HSP) and quality of services when provided resembles basic professional and social duties of HSP towards their clients. Because of poor responsiveness and quality of services when provided, clients lose their trust towards HSP. These factors are very important to improve relationship between HSP and clients, clients’ satisfaction, quality of care and finally increase utilization of Urban Primary Health Care Centre services (UPHC).ObjectivesThis study was done to determine the responsiveness of health service provider and quality of services when provided at selected UPHCs in Dhaka city.MethodologyA cross sectional quantitative study was conducted in three UPHCs in Dhaka city from November to December 2017. 257 exit interviews were conducted by systematic random sampling for responsiveness and quality of services when provided. 49 observations of client-provider interactions were conducted using Responsiveness of Physician (ROP) scale. For exit interview, dichotomous variable was used. Descriptive analysis was done using Stata v 12.1.FindingsMajority (90%) of HSP listen carefully, explained about the diseases, facilitated about follow-up, and client understood information clearly. More than 70% of the clients found the providers approach were friendly though only 37% had social talk with the clients. 41% of the clients reported that the providers shared emergency contact number. Around 67% of clients were not asked allergic history and in 47% case consent was not taken before procedure. Being urban area, for more than 39% clients services were not given similar in terms of social status like gender, ethnicity, economic and social status.For tangible items like gloves (80%) and thermometer (55%) were mostly missing in all UPHCs. 88% of the HSP were reliable, 93% assured the client and 91% showed empathy in all facilities. Clients were mostly satisfied with doctor’s behaviour and dissatisfied about the long waiting time (average 37 minutes) in all UPHCs.ConclusionThis study has highlighted some important gaps in responsiveness of HSP which translate into the quality of care being provided to clients seeking care from UPHC. Friendliness of HSP should be increased and services should be provided with respect.
Multimodal neuroimaging correlates of physical-cognitive covariation in Chilean adolescents. The Cogni-Action Project
Authors: Cristi-Montero Carlos , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Salvan Piergiorgio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHealth-related behaviours have been related to brain structural features; however, most literature in this domain comes from developed countries. In developing settings, such as Latin America, high social inequality is associated inversely with several health-related behaviours affecting brain development. Understanding the relationship between health behaviours and brain structure in such settings is particularly important during adolescence when key habits are acquired and ingrained. In this cross-sectional study, we carry out a multimodal analysis identifying a brain region associated with health-related behaviours (i.e., fatness, fitness, sleep problems and others) and cognitive/academic performance independent of socioeconomic status in a large sample of Chilean adolescents. Our findings suggest that the relationship between health behaviours and cognitive/academic performance involves a particular brain phenotype that could play a mediator role. These findings raise the possibility of promoting healthy behaviours in adolescence as a means to influence brain structure and thereby cognitive/academic achievement, independently of socioeconomic factors.
A Sex-Specific Genome-Wide Association Study of Depression Phenotypes in UK Biobank
Authors: Silveira Patrícia Pelufo , Pokhvisneva Irina , Howard David M , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are marked sex differences in the prevalence, phenotypic presentation and treatment response for major depression. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) adjust for sex differences, to date no studies seek to identify sex-specific markers and pathways. In this study we performed a sex-stratified genome-wide association analysis for broad depression.MethodsA genome-wide association study for broad depression was performed in the UK Biobank total participants (N=274,141), including only non-related participants, as well as separately in males (N=127,867) and females (N=146,274). Bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterize common and sex-specific markers and associated processes/pathways.ResultsWe identified 11 loci passing genome level significance (P < 5* 10−8) in females and one in males. In both males and females, genetic correlations were significant between the broad depression GWA and other psychopathologies, however, correlations with educational attainment and metabolic features including body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and triglycerides were significant only in females. Gene-based analysis showed 147 genes significantly associated with broad depression in the total sample, 64 in the females and 53 in males. Gene-based analysis revealed “Regulation of Gene Expression” as a common biological process, but suggested sex-specific molecular mechanisms. Finally, sex-specific PRSs for broad depression outperformed total and the opposite sex PRSs in the prediction of broad MDD.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for sex-dependent genetic pathways for clinical depression as well as for health conditions comorbid with depression.
Climate adaptation and vulnerability of foundation species in a global change hotspot
Authors: Gallegos Cristóbal , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Monro Keyne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is altering species ranges, and abundances within ranges, as populations become differentially adapted and vulnerable to the climates they face. Hence, characterising current ranges, whether species harbour and exchange adaptive genetic variants, and how variants are distributed across landscapes undergoing rapid change, is crucial to predicting responses to future climates and informing conservation strategies. Such insights are nonetheless lacking for most species of conservation concern. We characterise genomic patterns of neutral variation, climate adaptation, and climate vulnerability (the amount of genomic change needed to track climate change by adaptation) in sister foundation species, the endemic marine tubewormsGaleolaria caespitosaandGaleolaria gemineoa, across a sentinel region for climate change impacts. First, species are shown to be partly sympatric despite previous support for non-overlapping ranges, and genetically isolated despite known capacity for hybrid crosses to yield viable early offspring. Second, species show signals of polygenic adaptation, but to differing components of temperature and involving mostly different loci. Last, species are predicted to be differentially vulnerable to climate change, withG. gemineoa— the less genetically diverse species — needing double the adaptation to track projected changes in temperature compared to its sister species. Together, our findings provide new insights into climate adaptation and its potential disruption by climate change for foundation species that enhance local biodiversity, with implications for evolutionarily-enlightened management of coastal ecosystems.
Multi-omic profiling of the leukemic microenvironment shows bone marrow interstitial fluid is distinct from peripheral blood plasma
Authors: Nierves Lorenz , Guo Jian , Chen Siyuan , Tsui Janice , Uzozie Anuli , Bush Jonathan W. , Huan Tao , Lange Philipp F. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe bone marrow is the place of hematopoiesis with a microenvironment that supports lifelong maintenance of stem cells and high proliferation. It is not surprising that this environment is also favourable for malignant cells emerging in the bone marrow or metastasizing to it. While the cellular composition of the bone marrow microenvironment has been extensively studied, the extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid components have received little attention. Since the sinusoids connect the bone marrow interstitial fluid to the circulation, it is often considered to have the same composition as peripheral blood plasma. Stark differences in the cellular composition of the bone marrow and peripheral blood with different secretory capacities would however suggest profound differences.In this study we set out to better define if and how the bone marrow interstitial fluid (BMIF) compares to the peripheral blood plasma (PBP) and how both are remodeled during chemotherapy. We applied a multi-omic strategy to quantify the metabolite, lipid and protein components as well as the proteolytic modification of proteins to gain a comprehensive understanding of the two compartments. We found that the bone marrow interstitial fluid is clearly distinct from peripheral blood plasma, both during active pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and following induction chemotherapy. Either compartment was shaped differently by active leukemia, with the bone marrow interstitial fluid being rich in extracellular vesicle components and showing protease dysregulation while the peripheral blood plasma showed elevation of immune regulatory proteins. Following chemotherapy, the BMIF showed signs of cellular remodeling and impaired innate immune activation while the peripheral blood plasma was characterized by restored lipid homeostasis.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Bekele Bantayehu , Petros Yohanes , Oljira Tamiru , Andargie Mebeaselassie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo assess the correlation and find out the direct and indirect effect of yield attributing traits on yield, twenty six accessions and four varieties during the off-season period from November 2016 to May 2017 under irrigation. at Dire dawa, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted using RCBD design with three replications. Plant height, primary branch per plot, days to fifty percent flowering, stem width, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, days to maturity and number of fruit per plant were positive and highly significantly correlated with dry fruit yield per plot at both genotypic and phenotypic correlation. Plant height (0.1081), number of fruit per plant (0.2610), fruit length (0.4293), stem width (0.4059), pedicel length (0.0122), days to maturity (0.0401) and internode length (0.0227) exerted positive direct effect on dry fruit yield per plot at phenotypic level. Genotypic path analysis showed that days to fifty percent flowering (0.0956), stem width (0.5867), fruit length (0.3671), plant height (0.0754), number of fruit per plant (0.2673) and internode length (0.0079)had positive direct effect. The direct effect of these characters on dry fruit yield per plot indicates that improvement on these traits may increase yield.
Hypoxia-induced tracheal elasticity in vector beetle facilitates the loading of pinewood nematode
Authors: Tang Xuan , Zhou Jiao , Koski Tuuli-Marjaana , Liu Shiyao , Zhao Lilin , Sun Jianghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany pathogens rely on their insect vectors for transmission. Such pathogens are under selection to improve vector competence for their transmission by employing various tissue or cellular responses of vectors. However, whether pathogens can actively cause hypoxia in vectors and exploit hypoxia responses to promote their vector competence is still unknown. Fast dispersal of pinewood nematode (PWN), the causal agent for the destructive pine wilt disease and subsequent infection of pine trees is characterized by the high vector competence of pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus spp.), and a single beetle can harbor over 200,000 PWNs in its tracheal system. Here, we demonstrate that PWN loading activates hypoxia in tracheal system of the vector beetles. Both PWN loading and hypoxia enhanced tracheal elasticity and thickened the apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of the tracheal tubes while a notable upregulated expression of a resilin-like mucin protein Muc91C was observed at the aECM layer of PWN-loaded and hypoxic tracheal tubes. RNAi knockdown ofMuc91Creduced tracheal elasticity and aECM thickness under hypoxia conditions and thus decreasing PWN loading. Our study suggests a crucial role of hypoxia-induced developmental responses in shaping vector tolerance to the pathogen and provides clues for potential molecular targets to control pathogen dissemination.
Hypercaloric diet triggers transient molecular rearrangements of astrocytes selectively in the arcuate nucleus
Authors: Lutomska Luiza Maria , Miok Viktorian , Krahmer Natalie , García Ismael González , Gruber Tim , Le Thuc Ophélia , De Bernardis Murat Cahuê , Legutko Beata , Sterr Michael , Saher Gesine , Lickert Heiko , Müller Timo D. , Ussar Siegfried , Tschöp Matthias H. , Lutter Dominik , García-Cáceres Cristina 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYHypothalamic astrocytes are particularly affected by energy-dense food consumption. How the anatomical location of these glial cells and their spatial molecular distribution in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) determine the cellular response to a high caloric diet remains unclear. In this study, we investigated their distinctive molecular responses following the exposure to a high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet, specifically in the ARC. Using RNA sequencing and proteomics, we showed that astrocytes have a distinct transcriptomic and proteomic profile dependent on their anatomical location, with a major proteomic reprogramming in hypothalamic astrocytes. By ARC single-cell sequencing, we observed that a HFHS diet dictates time- and cell-specific transcriptomic responses, revealing that astrocytes have the most distinct regulatory pattern compared to other cell types. Lastly, we topographically and molecularly characterized astrocytes expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 in the ARC, of which the abundance was significantly increased, as well as the alteration in their spatial and molecular profiles, with a HFHS diet. Together, our results provide a detailed multi-omics view on the spatial and temporal changes of astrocytes particularly in the ARC during different time points of adaptation to a high caloric diet.
CUT&Tag recovers up to half of ENCODE ChIP-seq histone acetylation peaks
Authors: Abbasova Leyla , Urbanaviciute Paulina , Hu Di , Ismail Joy N. , Schilder Brian M. , Nott Alexi , Skene Nathan G. , Marzi Sarah J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTechniques for genome-wide epigenetic profiling have been undergoing accelerated development toward recovery of high-quality data from bulk and single cell samples. DNA-protein interactions have traditionally been profiled via chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq), which has become the gold standard for studying histone modifications or transcription factor binding. Cleavage Under Targets & Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) is a rapidly expanding new technique that enables profiling of such interactionsin situat high sensitivity and is adaptable to single cell applications. However, thorough evaluation and benchmarking against established ChIP-seq datasets are lacking. Here, we comprehensively benchmarked CUT&Tag for H3K27ac and H3K27me3 against published ChIP-seq profiles from ENCODE in K562 cells. Combining multiple new and published CUT&Tag datasets, there was an average recall of 54% known ENCODE peaks for both histone modifications. To optimize data analysis steps, we tested peak callers MACS2 and SEACR and identified optimal peak calling parameters. Considering both precision and recall of known ENCODE peaks, the peak callers were comparable in their performance, although peaks produced by MACS2 match ENCODE peak width distributions more closely. We found that reducing PCR cycles during library preparation lowered duplication rates at the expense of ENCODE peak recovery. Despite the moderate ENCODE peak recovery, peaks identified by CUT&Tag represent the strongest ENCODE peaks and show the same functional and biological enrichments as ChIP-seq peaks identified by ENCODE. Our workflow systematically evaluates the merits of methodological adjustments, providing a benchmarking framework for the experimental design and analysis of CUT&Tag studies, and will facilitate future efforts to apply CUT&Tag in human tissues and single cells.
Effects of organic fertilizer digestate on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Effa Effa Branly Wilfrid , Demikoyo Dick Sadler , Mibemu Guibinga Stéphane , Nguema Ndong Martin , Bagafou Yves Anaclet 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTomatoes are known for their human health benefits. Tomato producers use chemical fertilizers to increase tomato production levels. However, the use of organic fertilizers such as digestate can achieve satisfactory yields while sustaining the soil environment. In this tomato study, the effect of three dilutions of digestate (25%, 50% and 75%) on plant height, leaf area and fruit number were compared to NPK 15 15 15. The 50% dilution of digestate had the most beneficial effect on the plants at the end of the experiment.
Timing Is Everything In Autumn – Coordination Of Senescence Onset By A Transcriptional Program In Response To Environmental And Phytohormone Signals
Authors: Lihavainen Jenna , Šimura Jan , Bag Pushan , Fataftah Nazeer , Robinson Kathryn Megan , Delhomme Nicolas , Novák Ondřej , Ljung Karin , Jansson Stefan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTEuropean aspen (Populus tremula L.) undergoes a coordinated senescence program during autumn; however, it is not known what exactly triggers it. To identify the cellular program leading to senescence, we utilized natural variation among Swedish aspen genotypes in a common garden to study senescence timing and the underlying changes in leaf phytohormone and transcriptome profiles. Apart from the patterns of major transcriptional cascade that was similar between the genotypes and closely associated with cytokinin and auxin metabolite levels and gradually decreasing air temperature during autumn, we detected patterns that consistently preceded or coincided with senescence onset in individual genotypes. Another cascade seemed to respond to short-term changes in weather conditions that re-wired the transcriptional network; the up-regulation of genes related to ethylene and abiotic stress, programmed cell death and translation occurred first in the early-senescing genotypes and later in the late one. Network analyses displayed a connection between the two cascades, metabolic stress and immunity responses mediated by salicylic acid (SA)-signalling pathway that was repressed along with SA levels at senescence onset. We propose that autumn senescence in aspen trees is affected by environmental variation that evokes stress and the timing is fine-tuned by their stress tolerance mechanism.One sentence summarySalicylic acid signalling pathway fine-tunes the timing of senescence onset under challenging environmental conditions in autumn.
Contributions of the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to RNA-induced phase separation
Authors: Zachrdla Milan , Savastano Adriana , de Opakua Alain Ibáñez , Cima-Omori Maria-Sol , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is an essential structural component of mature virions, encapsulating the genomic RNA and modulating RNA transcription and replication. Several of its activities might be associated with the protein’s ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. NSARS-CoV-2 contains an intrinsically disordered region at its N-terminus (NTE) that can be phosphorylated and is affected by disease-relevant mutations. Here we show that NTE deletion decreases the range of RNA concentrations that can induce phase separation of NSARS-CoV-2. In addition, deletion of the prion-like NTE allows NSARS-CoV-2 droplets to retain their liquid-like nature during incubation. We further demonstrate that RNA-binding engages multiple parts of the NTE and changes NTE’s structural properties. The results form the foundation to characterize the impact of N-terminal mutations and post-translational modifications on the molecular properties of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.StatementThe nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in both genome packaging and viral replication upon host infection. Replication has been associated with RNA-induced liquid-liquid phase separation of the nucleocapsid protein. We present insights into the role of the N-terminal part of the nucleocapsid protein in the protein’s RNA-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation.
Electrophysiological signatures reveal spinal learning mechanisms for a lasting sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Lavaud Simon , D’Andola Mattia , Bichara Charlotte , Takeoka Aya 
Published: April 2022

SummaryNeurocircuits within the spinal cord are essential for movement automaticity. However, spinal mechanisms that underlie lasting sensorimotor adjustments remain unclear. Here, we establish a quantitative kinematic framework to characterize a conditioning behavior in which spinal circuits without brain input learn to adapt motor output upon multimodal sensory integration, undergo extinction, and reinforcement of learned behavior with repetitive training. In-vivo Neuropixel spinal cord recordings from awake behaving mice reveal learning phase-tuned single unit activities. In addition, optically identified unit recordings and a loss-of-function experiment demonstrate an essential function of a class of spinal inhibitory interneurons in this learning paradigm. Together, these data reveal neuronal underpinnings that shape lasting sensorimotor adaptation where stable sensory dissemination regulates learning and the existence of neuronal assembly that retains learned behavior.