bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On sparsity‐inducing methods in system identification and state estimation
Authors: Bako Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to survey some sparsity‐inducing methods in system identification and state estimation. Such methods can be divided into two main categories: methods inducing sparsity in the parameters and those sparsifying the prediction error. In the last class we discuss in particular the least absolute deviation estimator and its robustness properties with respect to sparse noise in both cases of univariate and multivariate measurements. We also discuss the application of sparsity‐inducing methods to switched system identification and to state estimation for linear systems in the presence sparse and dense measurement noises. While the presentation focuses essentially on bridging some existing results, some technical refinements, and new features are also provided.
Adaptive prescribed performance asymptotic tracking control for nonlinear systems with time‐varying parameters
Authors: Wang Le , Sun Wei , Su Shun‐Feng , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study considers the problem of prescribed performance adaptive asymptotic tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐varying parameters. A novel adaptive tracking control scheme is constructed by using the congelation of variables method and the backstepping method, in which the adaptive laws are designed to approximate the averages of the time‐varying parameters. The normalized function transformation is introduced to achieve the prescribed performance control; meanwhile, the issue of the explosion of complexity is avoided by using the command filtered technique. In addition, the proposed approach guarantees that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded and the tracking error can asymptotically converge to zero, while staying within prescribed boundaries. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy is shown by two simulation examples.
Observer‐based adaptive controller design for chaos synchronization using Bernstein‐type operators
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza , Gholizade‐Narm Hossein , Deylami Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article uses the Bernstein‐type operators as the universal approximator to present an observer‐based robust adaptive controller for chaos synchronization. The lumped uncertainties including, un‐modeled dynamics and external disturbances, are modeled with this potent mathematic tool. It is shown that using the Bernstein‐type operators as basis functions and tuning the polynomial coefficients by the adaptive laws calculated in the stability analysis, uniform ultimate boundedness of the observer estimation error and synchronization error can be assured. To analyze the performance of the proposed controller scheme in terms of transient response behavior and robustness, the Duffing–Holmes oscillator is considered as the simulation testbed. A set of two different experiments are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the introduced control approach. The performance of the proposed approach is also compared with RBFNN as a powerful approximation method. Unlike neural network/fuzzy methods, which require system states as inputs to estimate functions and construct a regressor vector, the proposed method is not dependent on the system states. Furthermore, there are more adjustable parameters in the regressor vector of the RBFNN (such as the width and center of the Gaussian units), and assigning the best values for these parameters is tedious and time‐consuming work due to the repeated trial and error.
Dissecting the 2015 Chinese stock market crash
Authors: Shu Min , Zhu Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe perform a novel analysis of the 2015 Chinese stock market crash by calibrating the log‐periodic power law singularity (LPPLS) model to two important Chinese stock indices, SSEC and SZSC, from early 2014 to June 2015. Our analysis indicates that the LPPLS model can readily detect the bubble behaviour of the faster‐than‐exponential increase corrected by the accelerating logarithm‐periodic oscillations in the crash. The existence of the log‐periodicity is identified by applying the Lomb spectral analysis on the detrended residuals. The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck property and the stationarity of the LPPLS fitting residuals are confirmed by the Phillips–Perron test and the Dickey–Fuller test. We find that the actual critical day of bubble crash can be well predicted by the LPPLS model as far back as 2 months before the actual crash. We have shown that the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA‐ES) can be used as an alternative optimization algorithm for the LPPLS model fit. Furthermore, the change rate of the prediction end time gap ( ) can be used as an additional indicator along with the key indicator to improve the prediction of bubble burst.
From Tranquebar to Madras and back again, again: Typification of the plant names published in Rottler's account of an Indian journey in 1799–1800
Authors: Turner I.M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe typification of names validated in a paper of 1803 concerning the plants encountered on a journey through what is now Tamil Nadu in southern India is reviewed. A number of name changes are necessitated. Psilotrichum patulum becomes the correct name for P. elliotii, Euphorbia glaucescens is the correct name for E. corrigioloides, Oldenlandia pusilla is the correct name for O. attenuata and Kohautia attenuata is the correct name for K. aspera.
Mapping Global Crop Exposure to Extremely High Temperature
Authors: Yue Yaojie , Su Peng , Gao Yuan , Zhang Puying , Wang Ran , Zhang Anyu , Jiang Qinghua , Ma Weidong , Zhou Yuantao , Wang Jing’ai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing temperature with global warming will have great impacts on major cereal crop cultivation (Peng et al. 2004; Fahad et al. 2019). Among various impacts, the crop exposure to extremely high temperature, which is based on the land suitability for crop cultivation, may ultimately pose a great threat to food security.
Mapping Global Risk of River Flood Mortality
Authors: Zhang Junlin , Liao Xinli , Xu Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobally, river flooding induced by heavy rainfall frequently causes fatalities every year (Jongman et al. 2015; CERD and UNISDR 2018; CRED 2019). Particularly, heavy rainfall will increase in the future with climate warming (Liao et al. 2019).
Mapping Temperature Changes
Authors: Qi Xin , Gao Miaoni , Zhu Tao , Li Siyu , He Sicheng , Yang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnder the background of global warming, extreme temperature events have significantly increased and hit various parts of the globe (Alexander et al. 2006; Piao et al. 2010; Fischer and Knutti 2014; Gao et al. 2019; Qi et al. 2019)—for example, extreme high temperature occurred during the summer of 2010 over Central Europe-Russia (Grumm 2011) and the super cold surge swept across China at the end of 2020 (Zheng et al. 2021). As a serious worldwide challenge, extreme temperature events bring severe damages to public health, agricultural production, and socioeconomic systems (Easterling et al. 2000; Sun et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2019). Therefore, assessing future global temperature changes is crucial for tackling climate change and disaster mitigation and prevention.
Mapping Precipitation Changes
Authors: Kong Xianghui , Wang Xiaoxin , Chen Huopo , Wang Aihui , Wan Dan , Xu Lianlian , Miao Yue , Huang Ju , Liu Yang , Xie Ruiheng , Chen Yue , Lang Xianmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompared to the observed changes in temperature, the changes in precipitation show more uncertainty (Hartmann et al. 2013). The IPCC AR5 indicated that anthropogenic forcing has contributed to a global-scale intensification of heavy precipitation since the second half of the twentieth century (IPCC 2013) and the intensity of daily precipitation increases more under the higher warming scenarios (Weber et al. 2018).
Mapping Global Population Changes
Authors: Liu Yujie , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities is considered as the main cause of global warming (Stocker et al. 2013). The rapid growth of population and economic activities in the twentieth century has brought unprecedented pressure on climate and the environment, and population has become an important topic in climate change research (Min et al. 2011; Diaz and Moore 2017; Forzieri et al. 2017). Accurate and robust predictions of population size and spatial distribution will help to assess the impact of climate change on socioeconomic development, human health, and resource demand and distribution, and provide a scientific basis for designing strategies to control greenhouse gas emissions and developing mitigation and adaptation policies (Lutz and Kc 2011; Field et al. 2014; Gerland et al. 2014).
Aquaporin-4 expression in the human choroid plexus
Authors: Deffner Felix , Gleiser Corinna , Mattheus Ulrich , Wagner Andreas , Neckel Peter H. , Fallier-Becker Petra , Hirt Bernhard , Mack Andreas F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe choroid plexus (CP) consists of specialized ependymal cells and underlying blood vessels and stroma producing the bulk of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CP epithelial cells are considered the site of the internal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, show epithelial characteristics (basal lamina, tight junctions), and express aquaporin-1 (AQP1) apically. In this study, we analyzed the expression of aquaporins in the human CP using immunofluorescence and qPCR. As previously reported, AQP1 was expressed apically in CP epithelial cells. Surprisingly, and previously unknown, many cells in the CP epithelium were also positive for aquaporin-4 (AQP4), normally restricted to ventricle-lining ependymal cells and astrocytes in the brain. Expression of AQP1 and AQP4 was found in the CP of all eight body donors investigated (3 males, 5 females; age 74–91). These results were confirmed by qPCR, and by electron microscopy detecting orthogonal arrays of particles. To find out whether AQP4 expression correlated with the expression pattern of relevant transport-related proteins we also investigated expression of NKCC1, and Na/K-ATPase. Immunostaining with NKCC1 was similar to AQP1 and revealed no particular pattern related to AQP4. Co-staining of AQP4 and Na/K-ATPase indicated a trend for an inverse correlation of their expression. We hypothesized that AQP4 expression in the CP was caused by age-related changes. To address this, we investigated mouse brains from young (2 months), adult (12 months) and old (30 months) mice. We found a significant increase of AQP4 on the mRNA level in old mice compared to young and adult animals. Taken together, we provide evidence for AQP4 expression in the CP of the aging brain which likely contributes to the water flow through the CP epithelium and CSF production. In two alternative hypotheses, we discuss this as a beneficial compensatory, or a detrimental mechanism influencing the previously observed CSF changes during aging.
Rule and optimization-based selection of car body parts for the application of tailor rolled blank technology
Authors: Klinke Niklas , Kobelev Vladimir , Schumacher Axel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe majority of parts in modern car bodies is manufactured from sheet metal. Rarely these parts are fully stressed due to design space restrictions and complex requirements. The usage of tailor rolled blanks (TRB) enables the reduction of sheet thickness in areas less loaded and thus reduces part weight. Technically most sheet metal parts are potentially suited for the application of TRB. Economic circumstances like the additional flexible rolling process and technology-specific nesting constraints limit the application to a subset of parts. The search for the best candidate parts taking mass and cost into account is currently challenging. This article presents an optimization strategy for the selection of the parts in a vehicle structure that are best suited for the application of TRB. As a first step, a priori preferencing is performed to select parts based on engineering rules. Using a reduced number of candidate parts, high quality metamodels are trained to perform multiobjective optimizations of all possible combinations of remaining parts, revealing the most efficient part selection under consideration of mass and cost.
Divergent prognostic effects of pre-existing and treatment-emergent thyroid dysfunction in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Gonugunta Amrit S. , Wang Yiqing , Sheffield Thomas , Lu Rong , Ali Sadia , Fattah Farjana J. , Xie Donglu , Cai Jennifer , Xie Yang , Gerber David E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Thyroid dysfunction is among the most common autoimmune diseases and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-related adverse events (irAE). We determined the association between longitudinal thyroid function and clinical outcomes in patients treated with ICI.

Methods
We identified all patients treated with ICI at UT Southwestern Medical Center from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2020. We defined normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels according to institutional reference range. We defined clinical thyroid dysfunction using established criteria incorporating labs and treatment. We determined the association between thyroid function and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
A total of 1781 patients were included in analyses, of whom 381 (21%) had abnormal baseline TSH. Patients with abnormal baseline TSH were more likely to be female, have kidney cancer, and initiate levothyroxine after ICI initiation (all P < 0.001). Patients with abnormal baseline TSH had inferior OS (median 16 vs 27 months; P < 0.001). Among patients with normal baseline TSH, those who had abnormal TSH after ICI initiation had improved OS (median 41 vs 22 months; P < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox model, abnormal baseline TSH was associated with worse OS (HR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.30–2.02; P < 0.001), while initiation of levothyroxine after ICI initiation was associated with improved OS (HR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.88; P = 0.008).

Conclusions
ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction is associated with improved survival, although abnormal TSH prior to ICI initiation is associated with inferior survival.

Precis
Thyroid abnormalities occur commonly in the general population and as immunotherapy toxicities. We found that immunotherapy-induced thyroid dysfunction is associated with better survival, but pre-existing thyroid abnormalities convey worse outcomes.
Effects of Regional and General Anesthesia on the Therapeutic Outcome of Benign Thyroid Nodules Treated with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
Authors: Vorländer Christian , Fischer Anne , Korkusuz Hüdayi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study investigated whether anesthesia performed during high‐intensity‐focused‐ultrasound treatment (HIFU) of benign thyroid nodules influenced the therapy outcome, based on volume reduction and the amount of energy delivered.MethodsThirty patients with benign thyroid nodules were treated with HIFU under general or regional anesthesia at two centers from 2014 to 2019. During HIFU, a therapeutic ultrasound probe, EchoPulse (Teraclion, Malakoff, France), heats the focus to 80–90 degrees Celsius. Nodal volumes were measured by ultrasound before and 3 months after therapy. For statistical analysis, the total population was divided into two groups according to the anesthesia performed. In a retrospective long‐term multicenter study, volume reduction and the energy delivered were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsAt three months follow‐up, the total study population had an average volume reduction of 39.26% (range 4.03–91.16%, p < 0.001, n = 30), the general anesthesia group of 47.46% (range 13.64–91.16%, p = 0.001, n = 15) and the regional anesthesia group of 31.06% (range 4.03—68.63%, p = 0.001, n = 15). Under regional anesthesia a median energy of 3.16 kJ/cm3 (range: 0.96 – 8.2 kJ/cm3) and under general anesthesia a median energy of 0.88 kJ/cm3 (range: 0.18 – 1.63 kJ/cm3) were delivered. All results were significant with p < 0.05. The complication rate was 6.67%.ConclusionHIFU is an effective method to treat benign thyroid nodules. Comparing anesthesia methods, volume reduction is higher in patients treated under general anesthesia and less energy has to be delivered under general anesthesia.Trial registration number2020–1728‐evBO.AgencyEthik‐Kommission bei der Landesäztekammer Hessen.
Prognostic value of beta-blocker doses in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Schupp Tobias , Ziyadova Sevil , Reinhardt Julius , Sag Yusuf Ugur , von Zworowsky Max , Reiser Linda , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Weidner Kathrin , Saleh Ahmad , Mashayekhi Kambis , Bertsch Thomas , Abba Mohammed L. , Akin Ibrahim , Behnes Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study investigates the prognostic significance of beta-blocker (BB) dose in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Limited data regarding the prognostic impact of BB dose in ventricular tachyarrhythmias is available. A large retrospective registry was used including consecutive patients on BB treatment with episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) from 2002 to 2015. Discharge BB doses were grouped as > 0–12.5%, > 12.5–25%, > 25–50%, and > 50% according to doses used in randomized trials. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at three years. Secondary endpoints comprised of a composite arrhythmic endpoint (i.e., recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies) and cardiac rehospitalization. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses were applied for statistics. A total of 1313 patients with BB were included; most patients were discharged with > 25–50% of BB target dose (59%). At three years, > 12.5–25% of BB target dose was associated with improved long-term mortality as compared to the > 0–12.5% group (HR = 0.489; 95% CI 0.297–0.806; p = 0.005), whereas higher BB doses did not improve survival (> 25–50%: HR = 0.849; p = 0.434; > 50%: HR = 0.735; p = 0.285). In contrast, the composite endpoint and risk of rehospitalization were not affected by BB target dose. In conclusion, > 12.5–25% of BB target dose is associated with best long-term survival among patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In contrast, risk of the composite arrhythmic endpoint and risk of cardiac rehospitalization were not affected by BB dose.
Erratic Asian summer monsoon 2020: COVID-19 lockdown initiatives possible cause for these episodes?
Authors: Kripalani Ramesh , Ha Kyung-Ja , Ho Chang-Hoi , Oh Jai-Ho , Preethi B. , Mujumdar Milind , Prabhu Amita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe summer (June through September) monsoon 2020 has been very erratic with episodes of heavy and devastating rains, landslides and catastrophic winds over South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh), East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia). The withdrawal of the summer monsoon over India was delayed by 2 weeks. The monsoon season over East Asia has been the longest. China recorded a Dam burst in the twentieth century. Furthermore, the Korean Peninsula has experienced back-to-back severe tropical cyclones. Could the lockdown activities initiate to control the COVID-19 spread a possible cause for these major episodes? The strict enforcement of the lockdown regulations has led to a considerable reduction of air pollutants—dust and aerosols throughout the world. A recent study based on satellites and merged products has documented a statistically significant mean reduction of about 20, 8, and 50% in nitrogen dioxide, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively over the megacities across the globe. Our analysis reveals a considerable reduction of about 20% in AOD over South as well as over East Asia, more-over East Asia than over South Asia. The reduced aerosols have impacted the strength of the incoming solar radiation as evidenced by enhanced warming, more-over the land than the oceans. The differential warming over the land and the ocean has resulted in the amplification of the meridional ocean-land thermal contrast and strengthening of the monsoon flow. These intense features have supported the surplus transport of moisture from the oceans towards the main lands. Some similarity between the anomalous rainfall pattern and the anomalous AOD pattern is discernable. In particular, the enhancement of rainfall, the reduction in AOD and the surface temperature warming match very well over two regions one over West-Central India and the other over the Yangzte River Valley. Results further reveal that the heavy rains over the Yangzte River Valley could be associated with the preceding reduced aerosols, while the heavy rains over West-Central India could be associated with reduced aerosols and also due to the surface temperature warming.
Experiences and perceptions of social eating for patients living with and beyond head and neck cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Dornan Mark , Semple Cherith , Moorhead Anne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) describe eating as more than a physical activity for nutrition and calories. After treatment for HNC, patients report a changed social experience around food, with eating and drinking in front of family and friends depicted as a challenge. However, there is limited research exploring how patients with HNC adapt and cope with social eating difficulties. This study aims to explore patients’ experiences and perceptions of social eating and drinking following treatment for HNC.

Methods
A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews was employed to understand the experiences of social eating of patients living with and beyond HNC. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to inductively develop key themes from the data.

Results
Fourteen interviews were conducted with patients, and two key themes were identified: (1) “Social eating became a conscious process” and (2) “Strategies to maximise social eating participation”. To maximise social eating enjoyment, patients attempted to minimise the attention on their eating function and the fuss created around food. Patients with HNC established psychological and cognitive adaptations to manage expectations and promote positive participation in social eating.

Conclusion
This paper identifies key barriers limiting or diminishing social eating for patients with HNC; including being self-conscious, lack of understanding from others and functional issues with eating and drinking. This research highlights the need to raise awareness of social eating challenges and for the social dimensions of eating to be addressed through family-centred, supportive holistic interventions implemented early in the patient’s cancer journey.