bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroglossia: A potentially severe complication of late‐onset Pompe disease
Authors: Dupé Charlotte , Lefeuvre Claire , Solé Guilhem , Behin Anthony , Pottier Corinne , Duval Fanny , Carlier Robert‐Yves , Prigent Hélène , Lacau St Guily Jean , Arrassi Azzeddine , Taouagh Nadjib , Hamroun Dalil , Nicolas Guillaume , Laforêt Pascal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPompe disease is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, acid α‐glucosidase. Macroglossia is a classic clinical sign of several inherited myopathies and has also been reported to occur progressively in late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD).MethodsWe describe patients with LOPD and macroglossia included in the French national Pompe disease registry. Clinical, functional, and radiological data were collected during periodic follow‐up and analyzed retrospectively. These cases were compared with 15 previously reported cases.ResultsFive patients, three females and two males, aged 71–88 years, were included in this study. All but one of the patients suffered from symptoms related to macroglossia before the diagnosis of Pompe disease. Three had localized tongue atrophy and one had significant localized tongue hypertrophy which led to glossectomy 10 years before diagnosis. Two patients had severe dysphagia, one of whom underwent gastrostomy for enteral nutritional support. One patient experienced the persistence of numerous sleep apneas despite nocturnal bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation. All our patients had dysarthria, and two required speech therapy. Four patients had a tongue hypersignal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 sequences.ConclusionsDetection of macroglossia should be part of the clinical diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with LOPD, with a careful evaluation of its main consequences. Macroglossia can have severe functional impacts on speech, swallowing, and sleep. Whole‐body MRI with facial sections may facilitate the early diagnosis of Pompe disease with the “bright tongue sign”.
Understanding recruitment and retention of doctors in rural Scotland: Stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Maclaren Andrew S. , Cleland Jennifer , Locock Louise , Skea Zoë , Denison Alan , Hollick Rosemary , Murchie Peter , Wilson Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecruitment and retention of medical practitioners is a challenging contemporary policy issue for rural areas. In this paper we explore this issue in the context of doctors in rural and remote Scotland, drawing on findings from a service mapping exercise into the recruitment and retention of doctors in rural areas, conducted by interviewing key stakeholders in the delivery of healthcare in rural and remote Scotland, most of whom combine clinical and organisational responsibilities. The aim of this paper is to understand the key issues, drawing on what the stakeholders see across the day‐to‐day delivery of their clinical roles and within the varied levels of the organisational structure of Scottish healthcare to which they contribute. Our findings build on a review of key literature of contemporary issues in rural Scotland, healthcare delivery in rural areas and wider international literature on recruitment and retention of medical practitioners. Our findings focus around three key themes: power of place; how people make place; and place and policy. In our conclusion, we argue that the importance of this stakeholder research is three‐fold. First, that such insights from stakeholders are important in shaping and preparing for future research on the topic, particularly interviewing those currently working. Second, it adds to and echoes the growing body of literature globally focused on recruitment and retention by expanding on the Scottish context. Finally, it proposes that appropriate and effective rural proofing is important in the implementation of new policies where place‐based challenges or differences can emerge.
Acid‐thermal‐induced formation of rice bran protein nano‐particles: foaming properties and physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Diao Yunchun , Zhang Yanpeng , Zhang Weinong , Xu Wei , Hu Zhixiong , Yi Yang , Wang Yuehui 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to expound on the correlation between foaming properties and physicochemical characteristics of rice bran protein (RBP) samples. RBP nano‐particles (RBPNs) were prepared by acidic–thermal treatment under different RBP solution concentrations and treated times at 90 °C, and then the foaming properties were measured at pH 7.0 and pH 2.0. Compared to RBP, the foaming properties of RBPNs were increased at pH 7.0, and RBPNs could have better foam capacity but have no obvious changes in foam stability at pH 2.0. The results of Pearson correlation showed that the foaming properties were closely correlated with ζ potential, contact angle, and surface hydrophobicity for RBP and RBPNs, and a strong correlation between foaming capacity and surface hydrophobicity was shown for RBPNs. Additionally, the result of TEM images confirmed that RBPNs were inclined to form associated aggregates which may affect the physicochemical characteristics of RBPNs.
In vitro digestion of whole chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): Nutrient bioaccessibility, structural and functional changes
Authors: Han Jieyu , Zhang Qiufang , Luo Wentao , Wang Ziyi , Pang Yuehong , Shen Xiaofang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDietary chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has significant health‐related benefits due to its high nutrient contents. However, few studies reported the fate of whole seeds in the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we explored the digestive characteristics in terms of hydrolysis of nutrients, structural and functional properties with a static in vitro digestion method. After gastrointestinal digestion, the digestibility of lipid and protein was 0.46% and 11.38%, respectively. The release rates of tryptophan, tyrosine and lysine were greater than 20%, whereas the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were less than 5%. The microscopic results (optical microscopy (OM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) demonstrated that the seeds remained intact, and the mucilage adhered tightly to the seed coat during digestion. The water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of seeds accounted for 6.37 and 3.28 g/g after intestinal digestion, which were significantly lower than gastric digestion endpoints (P < 0.05). And there were no significant differences in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of G‐Mucilage and I‐Mucilage. In general, preprocessing before being consumed is necessary for chia seeds to take full advantage of rich polyunsaturated fatty acids and proteins.
How we say what we do and why it is important: An idiosyncratic analysis of mental health nursing identity on social media
Authors: McKenna Lawson Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is the culmination of a qualitative research project into mental health nursing (MHN) identity via exploration of a social media campaign organized in 2018 by the UK Mental Health Nurses Association. Through engagement with this campaign and a multimethod approach, this paper proposes a new and novel heuristic framework for exploring MHN identity holistically, through what is termed the 6Ps of MHN identity. The 6Ps – encompassing the professional, personal, practical, proximal, philosophical, and political aspects of identity – were previously shared with members of the MHN research community at both the 2019 and 2020 proceedings of the International Mental Health Nursing Research Conference. To examine the identity expressed in the social media campaign, all contributions by nurses were amalgamated into one ‘text’ for analysis. When this text was examined, the focus was the particular language used by MHNs. This granular analysis concentrated on word choice, form, and frequency as the constituent aspects of meaning. Even when it was necessary to examine larger grammatical units, the key nouns – grammatical objects and subjects – were the primary focus of analysis. Following this, the author – a mental health nurse themselves – applied their personal understanding of the field of practice to the text to arrive at an understanding of its contents. This approach is the first in the field of MHN identity research to examine the profession’s identity as expressed by members on social media, as well as the linguistic form of that expression.
Effect of preoperative administration of atenolol to dogs with pulmonic stenosis undergoing interventional procedures
Authors: Gomart Samantha , MacFarlane Paul , Payne Jessie Rose , Hezzell Melanie J. , Borgeat Kieran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐blockade is sometimes used in dogs with pulmonic stenosis with the intent of reducing frequency of ventricular arrhythmias during right heart catheterization.ObjectivesTo evaluate if pretreatment with atenolol reduces frequency of ventricular arrhythmias, anesthetist interventions, or shortens procedure time.AnimalsThirty dogs with pulmonic stenosis scheduled for interventional procedures.MethodsSingle center, prospective, randomized, open‐label study. Dogs were randomized to treatment with atenolol or no treatment preoperatively for a minimum of 10 days. Variables recorded included heart rate, arrhythmias and complexity, total procedure time and administration of antiarrhythmic treatment, vasopressors, positive chronotropes, or fluid boluses.ResultsFifteen dogs were enrolled in each group. Dogs receiving atenolol had lower mean heart rates during the procedure (atenolol 100 ± 11 bpm vs untreated 115 ± 19 bpm, P = .01). There were no significant differences between the atenolol and untreated groups in the frequency of ventricular ectopic complexes (535 [6‐5296] vs 553 [79‐2863], P = .9), ventricular couplets (46 [0‐481] vs 29 [3‐121], P = .59), ventricular triplets (20 [0‐265] vs 16 [1‐82], P = .67), ventricular tachycardia (8 [0‐224] vs 8 [1‐118], P = .99), proportion exhibiting R‐on‐T phenomenon (11/15 vs 14/15, P = .33), proportion receiving intraoperative lidocaine (1/15 vs 3/15, P = .6), vasopressors/positive chronotropes (11/15 vs 5/15, P = .06), or fluid boluses (12/15 vs 7/15, P = .13). The procedure time was similar (atenolol 41 [23‐68] min vs untreated 35 [18‐98] min, P = .91).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNo benefit of preoperative atenolol treatment was identified in this small group of dogs.
Molecular evolution and depth‐related adaptations of rhodopsin in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Ricci Virginie , Ronco Fabrizia , Musilova Zuzana , Salzburger Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe visual sensory system is essential for animals to perceive their environment and is thus under strong selection. In aquatic environments, light intensity and spectrum differ primarily along a depth gradient. Rhodopsin (RH1) is the only opsin responsible for dim‐light vision in vertebrates and has been shown to evolve in response to the respective light conditions, including along a water depth gradient in fishes. In this study, we examined the diversity and sequence evolution of RH1 in virtually the entire adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika, focusing on adaptations to the environmental light with respect to depth. We show that Tanganyikan cichlid genomes contain a single copy of RH1. The 76 variable amino acid sites detected in RH1 across the radiation were not uniformly distributed along the protein sequence, and 31 of these variable sites show signals of positive selection. Moreover, the amino acid substitutions at 15 positively selected sites appeared to be depth‐related, including three key tuning sites that directly mediate shifts in the peak spectral sensitivity, one site involved in protein stability and 11 sites that may be functionally important on the basis of their physicochemical properties. Among the strongest candidate sites for deep‐water adaptations are two known key tuning sites (positions 292 and 299) and three newly identified variable sites (37, 104 and 290). Our study, which is the first comprehensive analysis of RH1 evolution in a massive adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes, provides novel insights into the evolution of RH1 in a freshwater environment.
A conserved Plasmodium structural integrity maintenance protein (SIMP) is associated with sporozoite membrane and is essential for maintaining shape and infectivity
Authors: Singh Dipti , Patri Smita , Narahari Veeda , Segireddy Rameswara R. , Dey Sandeep , Saurabh Archi , Vijay Macha , Prabhu N. Prakash , Srivastava Anand , Kolli Surendra Kumar , Kumar Kota Arun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlasmodium sporozoites are extracellular forms introduced during mosquito bite that selectively invade mammalian hepatocytes. Sporozoites are delimited by a cell membrane that is linked to the underlying acto‐myosin molecular motor. While membrane proteins with roles in motility and invasion have been well studied, very little is known about proteins that maintain the sporozoite shape. We demonstrate that in Plasmodium berghei (Pb) a conserved hypothetical gene, PBANKA_1422900 specifies sporozoite structural integrity maintenance protein (SIMP) required for maintaining the sporozoite shape and motility. Sporozoites lacking SIMP exhibited loss of regular shape, extensive membrane blebbing at multiple foci, and membrane detachment. The mutant sporozoites failed to infect hepatocytes, though the altered shape did not affect the organization of cytoskeleton or inner membrane complex (IMC). Interestingly, the components of IMC failed to extend under the membrane blebs likely suggesting that SIMP may assist in anchoring the membrane to IMC. Endogenous C‐terminal HA tagging localized SIMP to membrane and revealed the C‐terminus of the protein to be extracellular. Since SIMP is highly conserved among Plasmodium species, these findings have important implications for utilizing it as a novel sporozoite‐specific vaccine candidate.
Irritable bowel syndrome patients who are not likely to respond to fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: El‐Salhy Magdy , Mazzawi Tarek , Hausken Trygve , Hatlebakk Jan Gunnar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) interventions have recently been advocated to not succeed in every irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patient, since the outcome of FMT varies with the IBS subset. This study investigated the factors potentially affecting FMT response using the same patient cohort used in our previous study.MethodsThis study included 109 patients who received allogenic FMT. Patients completed five questionnaires that assessed their symptoms and quality of life at baseline and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after FMT. Patients also provided fecal samples at baseline and 1 month after FMT. The fecal bacterial profile and dysbiosis index (DI) were determined using 16S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification covering variable genes V3–V9. Response to FMT was defined as a decrease of ≥50 points in the total IBS‐SSS score after FMT.ResultsAn IBS patient's response or nonresponse to FMT was not determined by age, IBS duration, IBS subtype, IBS symptoms, fatigue, quality of life, or DI. There were more male nonresponders than responders, and the fluorescence signals of Alistipes were lower in nonresponders than in responders.ConclusionsWe concluded that IBS patients who are male and/or have low fecal Alistipes levels are most likely to not respond to FMT treatment. Whether low fecal Alistipes levels could be used as a marker for predicting the outcome of FMT remains to be determined.www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03822299).
Lean methodology in quality improvement
Authors: Ojo Bukola , Feldman Rachel , Rampersad Sally 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeasurement of quality and improvement in medicine has existed since Florence Nightingale's time. In modern times, medicine has sought to learn from other high‐reliability industries such as aviation and nuclear power, where errors can result in catastrophic outcomes. Lean is a unique quality improvement strategy that seeks to improve both quality and safety by driving out waste and, where possible, standardizing work practices. It is a visual system with work aids and signals built into the workspace. An important tenet is that ideas come from the workers and that there is an iterative improvement. The improvement efforts are always viewed from the perspective of the customer, our patients, families, and coworkers. This paper describes the evolution of Lean in healthcare and highlights core principles of Lean. Examples are used to describe how various Lean tools can be applied by pediatric anesthesiologists to solve clinical problems.
Constitucionalismo e Conceito de Constituição
Authors: Mello do Amaral Junior José Levi 
Published: March 2022

O artigo tem a finalidade precipuamente didática de examinar o constitucionalismo, explorando os seus fundamentos e desdobramentos, inclusive no que se refere aos seus ciclos mais recentes. Também analisa o conceito de Constituição e a tipologia constitucional. Por fim, embasado nas premissas históricas e teóricas, destaca a importância de persistir na busca de mecanismos capazes de limitar o poder e prevenir o absolutismo.
Analysis of Turbomachinery Losses in sCO2 Brayton Power Blocks
Authors: Seshadri Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Pramod , Nassar Abdul , Giri Gaurav 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes the contribution of different turbomachinery loss mechanisms to the overall efficiency of a simple recuperated supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) Brayton cycle for output capacities ranging from 100 kW to 1 GW. The optimum turbomachinery specifications suitable for the specified powers are retrieved using a standard design tool that provides information on various turbomachinery losses. The losses are influenced by operating pressures and mass flowrates, which are unknown a priori. An iterative approach is used to arrive at the turbomachinery efficiency and mass flowrate. Earlier studies have shown the dependence of optimal pressures on heat source and sink temperatures alone. This analysis reveals that design-point optimal cycle pressure ratios differ with varying power outputs due to differences in realizable turbomachinery efficiencies. The information on dominant loss mechanisms provides insights on a viable scale of power generation at which s-CO2 Brayton cycles become worthwhile. Poor turbomachinery efficiencies (less than 80%) render the s-CO2 technology commercially unviable at the sub-MW scale. For higher power scales (10 MW and above), axial machines are found to be appropriate, with corresponding turbomachinery efficiencies greater than 85%. The dominant loss mechanisms also help identify issues related to improving turbomachinery efficiencies at the sub-MW power levels, where the cycle efficiencies are not competitive.
Investigation of the Effect of Altitude on In-Cylinder Heat Transfer in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Based on an Empirical Model
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diesel engines are the predominant power source for the trucking industry. Heavy-duty trucks carry more than 70% of all goods transported across the United States. Atmospheric conditions vary with altitude but are critical to diesel engine performance, efficiency, and emissions. Existing studies have reported reduced thermal efficiency and increased emissions when truck engines were operated at high altitudes. Since heat loss is a key parameter related to engine efficiency, the goal of this paper was to investigate the altitude impacts on the in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics. Experiments on a single-cylinder four-stroke heavy-duty diesel engine were conducted at a constant speed and load, but with different intake pressures to simulate the varying atmospheric conditions at different altitudes. The quantity of diesel fuel injected into the cylinder per cycle was increased to maintain the same power output at decreased atmospheric pressure and to compensate for the combustion deterioration that occurred inside the cylinder. Experimental results showed that the bulk temperature was higher at high altitudes because of less mass of the mixture trapped in the cylinder. Such a large temperature difference between the hot products and the cold walls increased the in-cylinder heat transfer to the coolant, especially during combustion. Specifically, the 2000 m altitude rise led to an increase in heat loss to the atmosphere of ∼2% per cycle under full load conditions. As a result, the application of thermal coatings to improve fuel economy is even more necessary in high altitude states, such as Colorado and Wyoming.
Trust and experiences of National Health Service healthcare do not fully explain demographic disparities in coronavirus vaccination uptake in the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Allington Daniel , McAndrew Siobhan , Duffy Bobby , Moxham-Hall Vivienne 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo test whether demographic variation in vaccine hesitancy can be explained by trust and healthcare experiences.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData collected online in April 2021.ParticipantsData were collected from 4885 UK resident adults, of whom 3223 had received the invitation to be vaccinated against the novel coronavirus and could therefore be included in the study. 1629 included participants identified as female and 1594 as male. 234 identified as belonging to other than white ethnic groups, while 2967 identified as belonging to white ethnic groups.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUptake of coronavirus vaccination.ResultsMembership of an other than white ethnic group (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.53, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84, p=0.005) and age (AOR=1.61, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.87, p<0.001 for a 1 SD change from the mean) were the only statistically significant demographic predictors of vaccine uptake. After controls for National Health Service (NHS) healthcare experiences and trust in government, scientists and medical professionals, the effect associated with membership of an other than white ethnic group appears more marginal (AOR=0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.01, p=0.046), while the effect associated with age remains virtually unchanged. Exploratory analysis suggests that NHS healthcare experiences mediate 24% (95% CI 8% to 100%, p=0.024) of the association between ethnicity and uptake, while trust mediates 94% (95% CI 56% to 100%, p=0.001) of the association between NHS healthcare experiences and uptake.ConclusionsMembers of other than white ethnic groups report inferior NHS healthcare experiences, potentially explaining their lower reported trust in government, scientists and medical professionals. However, this does not fully explain the ethnic gap in coronavirus vaccination uptake.