bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Experience of Posterior Fossa Tumors Surgeries
Authors: Khokhar Tariq Imran , Ali Ajlan , Faizan Bukhari Ahmad , Naveed Majeed Muhammad , Abdul Majid Hafiz , Bashir Asif 
Published: January 2022

Objective: In Neurosurgery Unit III, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, we evaluated our posterior fossa tumor surgery results, complications, and surgical outcomes.
Materials and Methods: Between January 2017 and September 2021, 80 patients with posterior fossa tumors who underwent surgical excision at the Neurosurgery Department-III of the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences in Lahore were studied retrospectively. For each patient, the diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically and histopathologically.
Results: Males comprised 47 percent (37) of the 80 cases, while females made up 53 percent (43). The average age was 15 (with a range of 6 – 30 years). Medulloblastomas were the most frequent pathology in 25 patients (31%), followed by ependymomas in 21 patients (26%), pilocytic astrocytomas in 19 patients (24%), and hemangioblastomas in 7 individuals (8.8%). There were four cases of metastatic brain cancers (5%), two cases of choroid plexus papilloma (2.5%), one case of ganglioglioma (1.3%), and one case of Dermoid cyst (1.3%). In 90 percent of the cases (72 cases), gross total resection was obtained, while subtotal excision was performed in 10% of the cases (8 cases). The best results were seen in pilocytic astrocytoma surgery, followed by ependymoma surgery, whereas the worst results were seen in medulloblastoma surgery.
Conclusion: The surgical treatment of posterior fossa tumors still poses a significant challenge to neurosurgeons. Our experience shows that accepted results, complications, and surgical outcomes can be obtained by meticulous surgical techniques from previous clinical studies.
Diseñar con perspectiva de Derechos Humanos: una primera aproximación hacia un cambio de paradigma
Authors: Ortiz-Nicolás Juan Carlos , Hernández-López Irma 
Published: January 2022

Este artículo presenta una propuesta para abordar los retos de diseño desde un enfoque de Derechos Humanos, ya sea para su cumplimiento, promoción ofortalecimiento. Para ilustrar la propuesta y guiar la reflexión, se hace referencia a dos derechos, por un lado, al derecho a la vivienda, de acuerdo con las estadísticas en México, el 38.4% de la población habita una vivienda inadecuada. Y, por otro, el derecho a la justicia, se estima que en México hay 23 millones de víctimas1 y un bajo acceso a la justicia. Se parte de la idea de que desarrollar una visión de Derechos Humanos conlleva un cambio de paradigma, entre otras cosas, porque: 1. El especialista comprenda la realidad desde la visión de las personas para quien diseña. 2. Mirar la realidad desde otros referentes (social, bienestar y dignidad). 3. Es una invitación a la reflexión, al análisis de sus propios valores humanos y cómo estos se plasman en su práctica de diseño. 4. Es unaalternativa para buscar y plantear nuevas soluciones con valor humano e integrales. 5. Se potencializa el trabajo transdisciplinario. 6. Es un medio para reflexionar sobre el aporte e impacto que tiene la disciplina del Diseño en las personas. Considerar los Derechos Humanos implica necesariamente cambiar la forma en que el diseñador observa, percibe y entiende la realidad. Además, conlleva indiscutiblemente a reformular la forma en que se plantea los retos de diseño, cómo se desarrollan y resuelven las soluciones de diseño. La propuesta es fundamentar la práctica del diseño en el marco de los Derechos Humanos,dicha práctica debe ser intencional, consciente y orientada a un reto específico.
PENGENDALIAN KOMISARIS DAN DIREKSI PADA KOMPONEN ISLAMIC SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (ISR) DAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROSES BISNIS BANK SYARIAH
Authors: SE M.Ak MELIA FRASTUTI 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini melihat kebutuhan akan bank syariah dalam mengurangi riba di tengah masyarakat membuat bank syariah dituntut aktif dan produktif baik di sisi keuangan sebagai pembelajaran dalam proses bisnis agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang melayani nasabah dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini meng-upgrade peranan direksi dan komisaris bank umum syariah di Indonesia pada komponen Islamic Sosial Responsibility(ISR) dan pengelolaan zakat untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis bank syariah di masa depan, dengan metode evaluasi sumatif, yaitu penelitian yang tujuannya meninjau efektif tidaknya program yang telah dijalankan. Penelitian ini membuahkan hasil diperlukan perbaikan pengendalian komisaris lebih baik lagi sedangkan pengendalian direksi tersebut kuat secara umum. Pengendalian komisaris dan direksi sebagai Manajemen Keuangan Islam di bank syariah harus bisa tercapai (di upgrade) agar bank syariah tidak ditinggalkan oleh nasabah dan masyarakat dengan sendirinya.
BEHAVIORISM THEORY ANALYSIS (THORNDIKE) IN MATHEMATICS AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE SDN UPT XVII MUKTI JAYA ACEH SINGKIL
Authors: Rohman Nur 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) Bagaimana penerapan teori pembelajaran Thorndike dalam pembelajaran (2) teori pembelajaran Thorndike pada pembelajaran Matematika dan Bahasa Indonesia di SDN UPT XVII Mukti Jaya Kecamatan Singkohor Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Dalam bentuknya penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas sosial, kepercayaan, dan pemikiran seseorang secara individual maupun kelompok. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus dengan teknik pengumplan data digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian ini bahwa teori Thorndike merupakan salah satu bagian dari teori behaviorisme yang dikembangkan oleh Edward Lee Thorndike di williamsburg. Dalam penjabaran teorinya diabagi menjadi beberapa bagian yakni: pertama, pemikiran tahap pertama yang meliputi: hukum kesiapan, hukum latihan, hukum akibat dan hukum sikap. Kedua, pemikiran tahap kedua merupakan bentuk revisi yang dilakukan oleh Thorndike yang berkenaan dengan hukum latihan dan hukum akibat. Berdasarkan analisis data yang ada terlihat bahwa teori pembelajaran Thorndike secara tidak langsung sudah diterapkan oleh guru khususnya pada pelajaran matematika dan bahasa indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kesesuaian antara teori pembelajaran Thorndike dengan tahapan-tahapan yang digunakan guru dalam melakukan proses belajaran mengajar di kelas.
Kajian Naratif : Faktor Risiko Kejadian HIV/AIDS Pada Kelompok LSL
Authors: Ismayanti Nurvinia , Suryamah Yeni 
Published: January 2022

Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data UNAIDS 2020, penderita yang hidup dengan HIV di berbagai negara sebanyak 37,7 juta. Di Indonesia berdasarkan laporan Ditjen P2P, Kemenkes RI Maret 2021 menunjukkan jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS sebanyak 558.618 kasus. Jumlah ODHA (Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia terus meningkat dan masih terkonsentrasi pada kelompok tertentu diantaranya kelompok Lelaki Seks dengan Lelaki (LSL). Prevalensi HIV pada LSL di Indonesia berdasarkan data Kemenkes periode Januari-Maret 2021 masih cukup tinggi yaitu 26,3%.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian HIV/AIDS pada kelompok LSL.
Metode: Pencarian literatur melalui database online Google Scholar dan Pubmed rentang tahun 2017-2021 dengan kata kunci bahasa Indonesia “Faktor Risiko”,“HIV/AIDS”, “Lelaki Seks dengan Lelaki” dan kata kunci bahasa Inggris “Risk Factors”, “HIV/AIDS”,”Men Who Have Sex with Men”
Diskusi: Dari dua belas artikel diambil terkait dengan faktor risiko kejadian HIV/AIDS pada kelompok LSL. Faktor risiko kejadian HIV/AIDS pada kelompok LSL antara lain perilaku seks berisiko, karakteristik dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS). Faktor risiko paling banyak pada perilaku seks berisiko yaitu penggunaan kondom.
Kesimpulan: Sebagaian besar penelitian yang telah dilakukan baik dari nasional maupun internasional, menunjukkan bahwa perilaku seks berisiko merupakan faktor risiko yang sangat mempengaruhi kejadian HIV/AIDS pada kelompok LSL terutama dalam konsistensi penggunaan kondom. Dengan demikian, penggunaan kondom saat melakukan hubungan seks disarankan untuk kelompok LSL, sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kejadian HIV/AIDS pada kelompok LSL.
PENGARUH TEMPAT TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KAIN TENUN IKAT SIKKA
Authors: Chotimah Nur , Ansila Yosefa Veronika , Syarun Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Tenun ikat is a traditional woven fabric native to East Nusa Tenggara. Tenun ikat is made from the weaving process by the hands of the Sikka people themselves. In the modern era, the charm of Tenun Ikat Sikka has not been eroded by time because it is still being produced until now. This study aimed to find the influence on purchase decisions for Tenun Ikat Sikka in 2021. The population of this research was all consumers who had purchased Tenun Ikat Sikka. The sample in this study found 96 people. The sampling technique used was a random sampling technique with random sampling. This study used quantitative research methods. All valid statements were reliable, normal, linear, and non-heteroscedastic. Based on research that had been tested, it proved that there was a positive and significant effect on the place variable on the purchasing decision of Tenun Ikat Sikka. Tenun ikat merupakan kain tenun tradisional asli Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kain tenun ikat dibuat dari proses menenun oleh tangan masyarakat Sikka sendiri. Di era moderen sekarang pesona Kain Tenun Ikat Sikka tak tergerus zaman lantaran masih produksi hingga kini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pengaruh Tempat terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kain Tenun Ikat Sikka pada tahun 2021. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen yang pernah membeli Kain Tenun Ikat Sikka. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 96 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik random sampling dengan istilah pengambilan sampel secara acak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Semua pernyataan valid reliabel, normal, linear dan non heteros- kedastisitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah teruji menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan varibel Tempat terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kain Tenun Ikat Sikka.
PENGARUH SELF EFFICACY DAN EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT PADA KEPUASAN KERJA MELALUI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PADA PT. ASTRA INTERNASIONAL TBK – ASTRA ISUZU MEDAN (CABANG SM RAJA)
Authors: Nurjanah Tika , Bulan Tapi Rondang Ni , Imelda Sarah 
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on job satisfaction through employee engagement and to determine the effect of employee empowerment on job satisfaction through employee engagement. The population in this study were 120 employees of PT. Astra International Tbk. - Astra Isuzu Medan (SM Raja Branch). The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction mediated by employee engagement. The employee empowerment had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction mediated by employee engagement. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh self efficacy pada kepuasan kerja melalui employee engagement dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh employee empowerment pada kepuasan kerja melalui employee engagement. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Astra Internasional Tbk. - Astra Isuzu Medan (Cabang SM Raja) yang berjumlah 120 orang. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self efficacy berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada kepuasan kerja yang dimediasi oleh employee engagement. Empolyee empowerment berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada kepuasan kerja yang dimediasi oleh employee engagement.
Discovery of SiO Masers in the “Water Fountain” Source IRAS 16552−3050
Authors: Amada K. , Imai H. , Hamae Y. , Nakashima K. , Shum K. Y. , Tafoya D. , Uscanga L. , Gómez J. F. , Orosz G. , Burns R. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we report new detections of SiO v = 1 and v = 2 J = 1 → 0 masers in the “water fountain” source IRAS 16552−3050, which was observed with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope during 2021 March–April. Water fountains are evolved stars whose H2O maser spectra trace high-velocity outflows of >100 km s−1. This is the second known case of SiO masers in a water fountain, after their prototypical source, W 43A. These SiO masers should shed light on the evolutionary status of this category of evolved stars, which are likely to be at the end of the asymptotic giant branch phase, when the star exhibits the most copious stellar mass loss, followed by development of the complicated morphologies of planetary nebulae. The origin of a large (up to 25 km s−1) velocity offset of the SiO masers with respect to the systemic velocity derived from the spectrum of CO J = 2 → 1 line is discussed here.
Automatic Morphological Classification of Galaxies: Convolutional Autoencoder and Bagging-based Multiclustering Model
Authors: Zhou ChiChun , Gu Yizhou , Fang Guanwen , Lin Zesen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to obtain morphological information of unlabeled galaxies, we present an unsupervised machine-learning (UML) method for morphological classification of galaxies, which can be summarized as two aspects: (1) the methodology of convolutional autoencoder (CAE) is used to reduce the dimensions and extract features from the imaging data; (2) the bagging-based multiclustering model is proposed to obtain the classifications with high confidence at the cost of rejecting the disputed sources that are inconsistently voted. We apply this method on the sample of galaxies with H < 24.5 in CANDELS. Galaxies are clustered into 100 groups, each contains galaxies with analogous characteristics. To explore the robustness of the morphological classifications, we merge 100 groups into five categories by visual verification, including spheroid, early-type disk, late-type disk, irregular, and unclassifiable. After eliminating the unclassifiable category and the sources with inconsistent voting, the purity of the remaining four subclasses are significantly improved. Massive galaxies (M
* > 1010
M
⊙) are selected to investigate the connection with other physical properties. The classification scheme separates galaxies well in the U − V and V − J color space and Gini–M
20 space. The gradual tendency of Sérsic indexes and effective radii is shown from the spheroid subclass to the irregular subclass. It suggests that the combination of CAE and multiclustering strategy is an effective method to cluster galaxies with similar features and can yield high-quality morphological classifications. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of UML in morphological analysis that would develop and serve the future observations made with China Space Station telescope.
Globular Cluster Intrinsic Iron Abundance Spreads. II. Protocluster Metallicities and the Age–Metallicity Relations of Milky Way Progenitors
Authors: Bailin Jeremy , von Klar Ryker 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intrinsic iron abundance spreads in globular clusters (GCs), although usually small, are very common, and are signatures of self-enrichment: some stars within the cluster have been enriched by supernova ejecta from other stars within the same cluster. We use the Bailin self-enrichment model to predict the relationship between properties of the protocluster—its mass and the metallicity of the protocluster gas cloud—and the final observable properties today—its current metallicity and the internal iron abundance spread. We apply this model to an updated catalog of Milky Way GCs where the initial mass and/or the iron abundance spread is known to reconstruct their initial metallicities. We find that with the exception of the known anomalous bulge cluster Terzan 5 and three clusters strongly suspected to be nuclear star clusters from stripped dwarf galaxies, the model provides a good lens for understanding their iron spreads and initial metallicities. We then use these initial metallicities to construct age–metallicity relations for kinematically identified major accretion events in the Milky Way’s history. We find that using the initial metallicity instead of the current metallicity does not alter the overall picture of the Milky Way’s history because the difference is usually small but does provide information that can help distinguish which accretion event some individual GCs with ambiguous kinematics should be associated with and points to potential complexity within the accretion events themselves.
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. V. A Characterization of Protostellar Multiplicity
Authors: Tobin John J. , Offner Stella S. R. , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Megeath S. Thomas , Sheehan Patrick D. , Looney Leslie W. , Diaz-Rodriguez Ana Karla , Osorio Mayra , Anglada Guillem , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Furlan Elise , Segura-Cox Dominique , Karnath Nicole , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Li Zhi-Yun , Sharma Rajeeb , Stutz Amelia M. , Tychoniec Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We characterize protostellar multiplicity in

20

Current address: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5â7, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
the Orion molecular clouds using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.87 mm and Very Large Array 9 mm continuum surveys toward 328 protostars. These observations are sensitive to projected spatial separations as small as ∼20 au, and we consider source separations up to 104 au as potential companions. The overall multiplicity fraction (MF) and companion fraction (CF) for the Orion protostars are 0.30 ± 0.03 and 0.44 ± 0.03, respectively, considering separations from 20 to 104 au. The MFs and CFs are corrected for potential contamination by unassociated young stars using a probabilistic scheme based on the surface density of young stars around each protostar. The companion separation distribution as a whole is double peaked and inconsistent with the separation distribution of solar-type field stars, while the separation distribution of Flat Spectrum protostars is consistent solar-type field stars. The multiplicity statistics and companion separation distributions of the Perseus star-forming region are consistent with those of Orion. Based on the observed peaks in the Class 0 separations at ∼100 au and ∼103 au, we argue that multiples with separations <500 au are likely produced by both disk fragmentation and turbulent fragmentation with migration, and those at ≳103 au result primarily from turbulent fragmentation. We also find that MFs/CFs may rise from Class 0 to Flat Spectrum protostars between 100 and 103 au in regions of high young stellar object density. This finding may be evidence for the migration of companions from >103 au to <103 au, and that some companions between 103 and 104 au must be (or become) unbound.
Light Deflection under the Gravitational Field of Jupiter—Testing General Relativity
Authors: Li Yingjie , Xu Ye , Li JingJing , Wu Yuanwei , Bian Shaibo , Lin ZeHao , Yang WenJin , Hao Chaojie , Liu DeJian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We measured the relative positions between two pairs of compact extragalactic sources (CESs), J1925-2219 and J1923-2104 (C1–C2) and J1925-2219 and J1928-2035 (C1–C3), on 2020 October 23–25 and 2021 February 5 (totaling four epochs), respectively, using the Very Long Baseline Array at 15 GHz. Accounting for the deflection angle dominated by Jupiter, as well as the contributions from the Sun and planets other than Earth, the Moon, and Ganymede (the most massive of the solar system’s moons), our theoretical calculations predict that the dynamical ranges of the relative positions across four epochs in R.A. of the C1–C2 pair and C1–C3 pair are 841.2 and 1127.9 μas, respectively. The formal accuracy in R.A. is about 20 μas, but the error in decl. is poor. The measured standard deviations of the relative positions across the four epochs are 51.0 and 29.7 μas in R.A. for C1–C2 and C1–C3, respectively. These values indicate that the accuracy of the post-Newtonian relativistic parameter, γ, is ∼0.061 for C1–C2 and ∼0.026 for C1–C3. Combining the two CES pairs, the measured value of γ is 0.984 ± 0.037, which is comparable to the latest published results for Jupiter as a gravitational lens, reported by Fomalont & Kopeikin, i.e., 1.01 ± 0.03.
V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau e
Authors: Feinstein Adina D. , David Trevor J. , Montet Benjamin T. , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Livingston John H. , Mann Andrew W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
V1298 Tau is a young (20–30 Myr) solar-mass K star hosting four transiting exoplanets with sizes between 0.5 and 0.9 R
J. Given the system’s youth, it provides a unique opportunity to understand the evolution of planetary radii at different separations in the same stellar environment. V1298 Tau was originally observed 6 yr ago during K2 Campaign 4. Now, V1298 Tau has been re-observed during the extended mission of NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Here, we present new photometric observations of V1298 Tau from TESS. We use the TESS data to update the ephemerides for V1298 Tau bcde as well as compare newly observed radii to those measured from the K2 light curve, finding shallower transits for V1298 Tau bcd in the redder TESS bandpass at the 1–2σ level. We suspect the difference in radii is due to starspot crossing events or contamination from nearby faint stars on the same pixels as V1298 Tau. Additionally, we catch a second transit of V1298 Tau e and present a new method for deriving the marginalized posterior probability of a planet’s period from two transits observed years apart. We find the highest probability period for V1298 Tau e to be in a near 2:1 mean motion resonance with V1298 Tau b which, if confirmed, could make V1298 Tau bcde a four-planet resonant chain. V1298 Tau is the target of several ongoing and future observations. These updated ephemerides will be crucial for scheduling future transit observations and interpreting future Doppler tomographic or transmission spectroscopy signals.
The Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme I/D and Angiotensinogen M235T Polymorphism Genes with Essential Hypertension: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wibowo Agus , Hastuti Pramudji , Susanti Vinayanti 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Essential or primary hypertension in developing countries has become a major problem. Recent hypertension-related research has revealed susceptibility genes in genome-wide association studies. Several studies have associated angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms with essential hypertension, but results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of AGT and ACE polymorphisms with the risk of primary hypertension.
Methods: PubMed, Embase database, Medline, Goggle Scholar, Scopus.com, as well portal Garuda (www.garuda.ristekdikti.go.id) and Cochrane were used to retrieve all publications from 2006-2020 relating risk factors for hypertension with ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphisms. The meta-analysis was conducted from January –April 2020. All association studies were identified and data extracted from each study. Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) after extracting data and evaluating the quality of the enrolled studies.
Results: A total of 27 studies (totaling 5,105 patients and 5196 controls) were identified. The overall effect suggested ACE I/D was significantly associated with primary hypertension (OR: 95%CI=1.51[1.29-1.77], p=0.004). There was no association between AGT M235T with risk of essential hypertension.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis found significant association between ACE I/D gene polymorphisms with primary hypertension susceptibility. However, the AGT M235T gene had no association with the risk of primary hypertension. The Adrenoreceptor-beta/Renin Angiotensin System (ADRB/RAS) A allele should be considered a risk factor for essential hypertension.