bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of liver disease in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Jones Andrew M. , Piper Hanley Karen , Athwal Varinder S. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundCystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (CFLD) is the leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF), after pulmonary disease. To improve identification and management of this condition requires an understanding of the underlying disease mechanism.AimsThis review summarises the current understanding of CFLD epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and management.MethodsRelevant reports on cystic fibrosis liver disease were identified using a literature search and summarised.ResultsCFLD is a heterogeneous condition with several different co‐existent pathologies, including environmental and genetic factors. Incidence of clinically significant CFLD continues at a linear rate into early adulthood and has been described in up to 25% of CF patients. Diagnosis strategies lack precision and patient risk stratification needs to look beyond Childs‐Pugh scoring. Efficacious therapies are lacking and, at present, newer modulator therapies lack data in CFLD and carry an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Outcomes of liver transplant are comparable to non‐CF transplant indications.ConclusionsThe incidence of CFLD increases with age and hence is increasingly important to adult patients with CF. Effective therapies are lacking. For progress to be made a better understanding of pathogenesis and disease detection are required.
Accounting for Zoo Animals: It Is a Jungle Out There
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Tan‐Kantor Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to review how the asset measurement of zoo animals is undertaken. Zoo animals are a zoo's greatest asset, and from its stewardship perspective, its balance sheet should reflect the value of the animals. The asset measurement of zoo animals underpins the ability of zoos to account for the animals they hold via their annual financial reporting. At present, there is no definitive, internationally recognised accounting framework and guidance on asset measurement techniques for zoo animals. The research question of this paper is, therefore: (i) to provide a review of current reporting requirements for zoo animals; (ii) to investigate the types and extent of asset measurement and financial reporting of zoo animals; and (iii) to determine what the commonly used alternatives are. A descriptive survey of existing financial reporting practices is applied to this research to explore the asset measurement techniques of zoo animals by examining published annual reports.
Diclofenac in vitro microdialysis study comparing different experimental set‐ups to improve quantitative recovery
Authors: Jorda Anselm , Armogida Marianna , Lackner Edith , Saikumar Sivasankari , Sucharski Filip , Weber Maria , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies investigated diclofenac tissue concentrations using microdialysis (MD). However, thorough evaluations of the optimal MD set‐up for diclofenac are unavailable. Thus, this in vitro MD study aimed to compare different set‐ups to improve quantitative recovery of diclofenac. In forward and reverse in vitro MD experiments with diclofenac at two concentrations (1 and 100 ng/ml), the perfusion solutions physiological saline 0.9% (PS) and human albumin 1% (HSA) were compared using tissue probes (10‐mm membrane) and customized intravenous (iv) probes (30‐mm membrane). Using PS, the mean relative recovery of diclofenac at 1 ng/ml was 1.6% ± 0.04% and 3.12% ± 0.00% with the tissue probe and the iv probe, respectively. The respective mean relative recovery for diclofenac at 100 ng/ml was 0.02% ± 0.01% and 0.21% ± 0.11%. Using HSA, the mean relative recovery was 314% ± 25% (tissue probe) and 1064% ± 97% (iv probe) for diclofenac at 1 ng/ml and 444% ± 91% and 1415% ± 217% for diclofenac at 100 ng/ml. In reverse dialysis using PS, the mean relative loss of diclofenac was 99.2% ± 0.5% (tissue probe) and 95.8% ± 1.7% (iv probe). Using HSA, the mean relative loss was −4.4% ± 7.2% and 0.2% ± 7.5%, respectively. PS and HSA were not suitable perfusion solutions for quantification of absolute diclofenac concentrations. Despite methodological challenges, HSA may be used for comparative experiments or bioequivalence studies.
E2F1‐mediated AUF1 upregulation promotes HCC development and enhances drug resistance via stabilization of AKR1B10
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guan Guiwen , Zhang Jing , Zheng Huiling , Li Deyao , Wang Wengong , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe AU‐rich binding factor 1 (AUF1) is one of the well known adenylate‐uridylate‐rich element (ARE)‐specific RNA‐binding proteins (ARE‐BPs) for which dysregulation has been reported in various human cancers. However, the involvement of AUF1 in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. In this study, we aimed at exploring the clinical significance, function, and mechanism of the abnormal expression of AUF1 in HCC. Using a bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Liver Cancer Institute (LCI) database, we identified that AUF1 was abnormally highly expressed in HCC tissues and that the high expression of AUF1 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. We also confirmed the increased AUF1 expression and its prognostic value in our HBV‐related HCC cohorts. AUF1 overexpression in hepatoma cells promoted cell proliferation and increased the resistance of hepatoma cells toward doxorubicin, whereas knockdown of AUF1 exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AKR1B10 was a critical target of AUF1 and was essential for sustaining the AUF1‐induced proliferation and drug resistance of hepatoma cells. AUF1 increased AKR1B10 expression by binding to the 3′UTR region of AKR1B10 mRNA and stabilizing AKR1B10 mRNA. Additionally, we demonstrated that E2F1 enhanced AUF1 expression in HCC at the transcription level. Our study revealed a novel role of AUF1 in promoting the development and drug resistance of HCC via the post‐transcriptional regulation of AKR1B10 expression. The E2F1/AUF1/AKR1B10 axis can serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Coronavirus disease 2019‐associated encephalopathy: Characteristic brainstem and bilateral temporal lobe involvement
Authors: Tajima Yasutaka , Sato Chika , Mito Yasunori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs COVID‐19 has become a worldwide pandemic, various neurological manifestations associated with the virus have been discovered. Apart from cerebrovascular disorders, central nervous system inflammation associated with COVID‐19 has also been reported.Case PresentationHere we report a rare case of COVID‐19 encephalopathy in Japan that specifically involved the brainstem and bilateral temporal lobes. In addition to the moderate respiratory damage, the patient developed generalized seizures followed by severe disturbance of consciousness. MRI examinations demonstrated characteristic involvement of the brainstem and bilateral temporal lobes. Pulsed steroid treatment effectively resolved the abnormal MRI findings.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of neuronal damage in COVID‐19 remain undetermined, but pathogenesis of this case should be considered an autoimmune mechanism rather than direct viral damage to the central nervous system in COVID‐19.
Ophthalmic imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma: A review
Authors: Yuksel Elgin Cansu , Chen Dinah , Al‐Aswad Lama A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe last three decades have been a turning point for early glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring by newly developed imaging techniques. Improvements in imaging of the anterior segment (AS), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH), and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) came into existence and broke new ground for early diagnosis and progression survey. This review will summarise the different ophthalmic imaging techniques, their principles, pros and cons, ongoing development processes, and the future of imaging methods. The aim is to provide the clinician with an understanding of the role of imaging methods and provide insight for appropriate use and evaluation of their outputs in glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.
Predict initial subthalamic nucleus stimulation outcome in Parkinson's disease with brain morphology
Authors: Chen Yingchuan , Zhu Guanyu , Liu Yuye , Liu Defeng , Yuan Tianshuo , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yin , Du Tingting , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimSubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) has been reported to be effective in treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be attributed to changes in the brain network. However, the association between brain morphology and initial STN‐DBS efficacy, as well as the performance of prediction using neuroimaging, has not been well illustrated. Therefore, we aim to investigate these issues.MethodsIn the present study, 94 PD patients underwent bilateral STN‐DBS, and the initial stimulation efficacy was evaluated. Brain morphology was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The volume of tissue activated in the motor STN was measured with MRI and computed tomography. The prediction of stimulation efficacy was achieved with a support vector machine, using brain morphology and other features, after feature selection and hyperparameter optimization.ResultsA higher stimulation efficacy was correlated with a thicker right precentral cortex. No association with subcortical gray or white matter volumes was observed. These morphological features could estimate the individual stimulation response with an r value of 0.5678, an R2 of 0.3224, and an average error of 11.4%. The permutation test suggested these predictions were not based on chance.ConclusionOur results indicate that changes in morphology are associated with the initial stimulation motor response and could be used to predict individual initial stimulation‐related motor responses.
Occupational contact dermatitis among young people in Denmark – A survey of causes and long‐term consequences
Authors: Dietz Jojo B. , Menné Torkil , Meyer Harald W. , Viskum Sven , Flyvholm Mari‐Ann , Ahrensbøll‐Friis Ulrik , John Swen M. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the causes and consequences of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) among young workers are non‐existent.ObjectivesDetermine causes and consequences of OCD among workers younger than 35 years of age.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 6251 workers younger than 35 years at notification with recognized OCD (response rate 47%).ResultsThe most prevalent occupations were health care workers, kitchen workers, nursery teachers, and hairdressers and beauticians. Seventy‐six percent still had eczema, and 77% of these had eczema half to all the time over the last 3 months, with 61% evaluating their eczema as moderate to very severe. Fifty‐three percent had changed their occupation since notification, and 42.5% had lost their job because of OCD. Allergic OCD increased the odds ratio (OR) for facial or foot eczema, job loss, change in work tasks, difficulties finding work, decrease in income, and sick leave. Age at notification of 25 years of age or younger increased the risk of job loss and feeling restricted in choice of job. Workers in the food industry had a higher OR for job loss, whereas hairdressers and beauticians had a higher risk of job loss and a decrease in income.ConclusionsThe severe, long‐term consequences of OCD notification signify the need for further preventive strategies among young workers.
Toll‐7 promotes tumour growth and invasion in Drosophila
Authors: Ding Xiang , Li Zhuojie , Lin Gufa , Li Wenzhe , Xue Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesDrosophila melanogaster has become an excellent model organism to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying tumour progression. Here, by using well‐established Drosophila tumour models, we identified Toll‐7 as a novel regulator of tumour growth and invasion.Materials and methodsTransgenic flies and genetic epistasis analysis were used. All flies were raised on a standard cornmeal and agar medium at 25°C unless otherwise indicated. Immunostaining and RT‐qPCR were performed by standard procedures. Images were taken by OLYMPUS BX51 microscope and Zeiss LSM 880 confocal microscope. Adobe Photoshop 2020 and Zeiss Zen were used to analyse the images. All results were presented in Scatter plots or Column bar graphs created by GraphPad Prism 8.0.ResultsLoss of Toll‐7 suppresses RasV12/lgl−/−‐induced tumour growth and invasion, as well as cell polarity disruption‐induced invasive cell migration, whereas expression of a constitutively active allele of Toll‐7 is sufficient to promote tumorous growth and cell migration. In addition, the Egr‐JNK signalling is necessary and sufficient for Toll‐7‐induced invasive cell migration. Mechanistically, Toll‐7 facilitates the endocytosis of Egr, which is known to activate JNK in the early endosomes. Moreover, Toll‐7 activates the EGFR‐Ras signalling, which cooperates with the Egr‐JNK signalling to promote Yki‐mediated cell proliferation and tissue overgrowth. Finally, Toll‐7 is necessary and sufficient for the proper maintenance of EGFR protein level.ConclusionsOur findings characterized Toll‐7 as a proto‐oncogene that promotes tumour growth and invasion in Drosophila, which shed light on the pro‐tumour function of mammalian Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).
Using publicly available data to conduct rapid assessments of extinction risk
Authors: Levin Michael O. , Meek Jared B. , Boom Brian , Kross Sara M. , Eskew Evan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe IUCN Red List plays a key role in setting global conservation priorities and is populated via rigorous, time‐intensive assessments. Here, we test rapid preliminary assessments of plant extinction risk using one Red List metric: Extent of Occurrence (EOO). We developed REBA (Rapid EOO‐Based Assessment) to harvest and clean data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, calculate each species' EOO and assign EOO‐based Red List categories. We validated REBA classifications against 1671 North American plant species already on the Red List and found ~87% overlap between REBA’s classifications and the IUCN’s. However, REBA’s false‐negative rate for species outside the Least Concern category was substantial (~68%). To elucidate factors that might drive such a high rate of under‐classification, we used hierarchical Bayesian models to show that certain plant types (e.g., Geophytes) and threats (e.g., Invasive and Other Problematic Species, Genes, and Diseases) increased the probability of under‐classification. While REBA requires further refinement, it has yielded valuable insight into how preliminary assessment methodologies may become more effective.
Consumer behavior and food prices during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Yang Bixuan , Asche Frank , Li Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe find that Chinese consumers responded strongly to government restrictions during the COVID‐19 crisis. Our event‐study framework shows that emergency declarations raised average food prices by as much as 7.8 standard deviations of the price change distribution, with a much larger effect on non‐perishable vegetable prices (e.g., 17.0 standard deviations for Chinese cabbage prices). The effects of lockdowns were smaller but longer‐lasting. These results suggest that consumers panic bought non‐perishables under emergency declarations while under lockdowns there was a sustained increase in demand for non‐perishables. Such consumer behavior likely caused sizable losses in consumer welfare, especially among poor households.
Attribute nonattendance in COVID‐19 vaccine choice: A discrete choice experiment based on Chinese public preference
Authors: Xiao Jianhong , Wang Fei , Wang Min , Ma Zegang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has not been well controlled, and vaccination could be an effective way to prevent this pandemic. By accommodating attribute nonattendance (ANA) in a discrete choice experiment (DCE), this paper aimed to examine Chinese public preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, especially the influence of ANA on the estimated results.MethodsA DCE was designed with four attributes: effectiveness, protection period, adverse reactions and price. A random parameter logit model with an error component (RPL‐EC) was used to analyse the heterogeneity of respondents' preferences for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. Two equality constraint latent class (ECLC) models were used to consider the influence of ANA on the estimated results in which the ECLC‐homogeneity model considered only ANA and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considered both ANA and preference heterogeneity.ResultsData from 1,576 samples were included in the analyses. Effectiveness had the highest relative importance, followed by adverse reactions and protection period, which were determined by the attributes and levels presented in this study. The ECLC‐heterogeneity model improved the goodness of fit of the model and obtained a lower probability of ANA. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, only a small number of respondents (29.09%) considered all attributes, and price was the most easily ignored attribute (64.23%). Compared with the RPL‐EC model, the ECLC‐homogeneity model obtained lower WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model obtained mixed WTP results. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, preference group 1 obtained higher WTPs, and preference groups 2 and 3 obtained lower WTPs.ConclusionsThe RPL‐EC, ECLC‐homogeneity and ECLC‐heterogeneity models obtained inconsistent WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. The study found that the results of the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considering both ANA and preference heterogeneity may be more plausible because ANA and low preference may be confused in the ECLC‐homogeneity model and the RPL‐EC model. The results showed that the probability of ANA was still high in the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, although it was lower than that in the ECLC‐homogeneity model. Therefore, in future research on DCE (such as the field of vaccines), ANA should be considered as an essential issue.Public ContributionChinese adults from 31 provinces in mainland China participated in the study. All participants completed the COVID‐19 vaccine choice questions generated through the DCE design.
Changes in peripheral blood cellular morphology as diagnostic markers for COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Gabr Hala , Bastawy Samah , Abdel_Aal Asmaa A. , Khalil Noha M. , Fateen Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionReal‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays were established to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, due to the high rate of false negative results, additional tests as computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest and blood chemistry are required to properly diagnose COVID‐19 infection. Abnormal morphological changes of peripheral blood cells as granulocytic dysmorphism and abnormal reactive lymphocytes have been described in some cases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological changes affecting all peripheral blood cells of COVID‐19 patients, in order to find any specific abnormalities that could help in the early diagnosis and/or prognosis.MethodsPeripheral blood smears of 113 COVID‐19 patients and 50 non‐COVID‐19 controls were examined for morphological changes in the period between October 2020 and January 2021 (second wave). We set a score value in which every morphological abnormality was given one point in each examined blood smear. Score, neurophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, and blood chemistry were compared to the severity and outcome of the disease.ResultsSignificant morphological changes were found when compared to control blood smears. Various abnormalities as pyknotic cells, broken cells, pseudo Pelger‐Huët, abnormal lymphocytes, abnormal monocytes, and leukoerythroblastic reaction were found. Cases with higher scores had unfavorable outcomes (p = .005). High interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were correlated to pyknotic cells (p = .003).ConclusionThe blood picture of COVID‐19 patients revealed various morphological changes that are not detected with the same frequency and variability in other viral infections. The prominent morphological changes can be predictive of an undesirable outcome of the disease.
Kinetic study of the transformation of sodalite to nepheline
Authors: Padilla Isabel , López‐Delgado Aurora , Romero Maximina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of the development of nepheline (NaAlSiO4) through thermal transformation of sodalite (Na4Al3Si3O12Cl) was studied by means of differential thermal analysis at different heating rates (10°C min−1 to 50°C min−1) to control the evolution of the crystallization fraction. The conversion of sodalite (cubic crystal) to pure nepheline (hexagonal crystal) took place in the 800°C–900°C interval. The activation energy for nepheline crystallization from sodalite was determined by isothermal and non‐isothermal methods. The ratio t0.75/t0.25, together with the Avrami exponent (n) and the numerical factor of the dimensionality of crystal growth (m) parameters indicated that dominant crystallization mechanism in nepheline development is bulk crystallization mechanism controlled by interface reaction.
Location and coupling interval of an ectopic excitation determine the initiation of atrial fibrillation from the pulmonary veins
Authors: Kawai Shunsuke , Mukai Yasushi , Inoue Shujiro , Yakabe Daisuke , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Kazuo , Takase Susumu , Chishaki Akiko , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionEctopic beats originating from the pulmonary vein (PV) trigger atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to clarify the electrophysiological determinant of AF initiation from the PVs.MethodsPacing studies were performed with a single extra stimulus mimicking an ectopic beat in the left superior PVs (LSPVs) in 62 patients undergoing AF ablation. Inducibility of AF, effective refractory period (ERP), and conduction properties within the PVs were analyzed.ResultsA single extra stimulus in LSPV induced AF in 20 patients (32% of all patients) at the mean coupling interval (CI) of 172 ms. A CI‐dependent anisotropic conduction at the AF onset was visualized in a three‐dimensional mapping. Onset of AF was site‐specific with reproducibility in each individual. Mean ERP in LSPV in the AF‐inducible group was shorter than that in the AF‐noninducible group (182 ± 55 vs. 254 ± 51 ms, p < .0001). LSPV ERP dispersion was greater in the AF‐inducible group than in the AF‐noninducible group (45 ± 28 vs. 27 ± 19 ms, p < .01). Circumferential intra‐PV conduction time (IPVCT) exhibited decremental properties in response to shortening of CI and the prolongation of IPVCT in the AF‐inducible site was greater than that in the AF‐noninducible site (p < .05) in each individual.ConclusionsLocation and CI of an ectopic excitation ultimately determine the initiation of AF from the PVs. ERP dispersion and circumferential conduction delay may lead to anisotropic conduction and reentry within the PVs that initiate AF.