bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of silver diamine fluoride in a children's hospital: Critical analysis and action protocol
Authors: Brunet‐Llobet Lluís , Auría‐Martín Beatriz , González‐Chópite Yndira , Cahuana‐Bartra Pau , Mashala Elias Isaack , Miranda‐Rius Jaume 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe present critical analysis aims to propose an action protocol for the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in pediatric patients in a hospital setting, especially for those who are currently awaiting hospital dental treatment under general anesthesia.Material and MethodsA literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE from 2009 to 2021 using the search terms “silver diamine fluoride”, “pediatrics silver diamine fluoride”, “application silver diamine fluoride”, and “AND” ‐ combined with terms: “potassium iodide”, “properties”, “adverse effects”, “early childhood caries”, “patient with disability”, “management”, “special health care needs patient”. Articles that recorded the type of teeth, application protocol, the concentration of the product, and possible complications of the treatment were selected.ResultsFour hundred and sixteen related articles were obtained, of which 13 were finally chosen on the basis of the search criteria. The age at which the use of SDF was recommended ranged from the first year of life to 12 years, in most cases in primary teeth. The study populations varied in size from 53 to 799 patients. An analysis of the characteristics of SDF and its use in pediatric patients with dental caries was performed. The recommended concentration was 38% SDF, applied twice yearly. The main complication reported was staining. A decision algorithm was designed including SDF as an agent for caries control in patients attending the specific population of our hospital (divided into two groups: healthy children aged 0−4 years and patients with special health care needs (SHCNs) aged 0−18 years).ConclusionsSDF therapy appears to be effective in the control of caries in pediatric patients. We propose an action protocol for patients with early childhood caries to reduce risk, complications, and the progression of lesions. The protocol is aimed especially at pediatric patients who also have some systemic pathology, disability, SHCNs, and/or behavioral difficulties.
High initial target blood concentration in target‐controlled infusion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fujisawa Toshiaki , Takuma Shigeru , Nitta Yukie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur previously modified propofol intravenous sedation (IVS) method using a target‐controlled infusion (TCI) pump with initial target blood concentration (TBC) set at 2.2 μg/ml enables the prediction of the personal optimal intraoperative TBC during induction with a minimal gap. This study aimed to verify whether this method can be useful in case of higher initial TBCs to reduce induction time.MethodsForty‐five patients scheduled to undergo oral surgery under IVS with propofol were randomly divided into three groups (group 1, TCI started with TBC set at 2.2 μg/ml; group 2, TBC was set at 2.6 μg/ml; group 3, TBC was set at 3.0 μg/ml). Immediately after reading the calculated brain concentration when the target sedation was achieved (value A), the initial TBC was manually reset to value A. We manually controlled the intraoperative TBC to maintain moderate sedation, according to the clinical signs and bispectral index values. Of the regulated TBC values, the value farthest from value A was defined as value B. The maximum discrepancy between values B and A and the induction time were compared among the three groups.ResultsThe maximum discrepancy (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was significantly larger in group 3 (1.0 ± 1.3 μg/ml, p = .005) and group 2 (0.8 ± 0.2 μg/ml p = .008) than in group 1 (0.5 ± 0.3 μg/ml). The induction time (mean ± SD) was significantly shorter in group 3 (124 ± 126 min, p = .004) and group 2 (135 ± 33 min, p = .006) than in group 1 (245 ± 1913 min). With the initial TBC set at 2.6 μg/ml, the maximum discrepancy was large at 0.8 μg/ml, but with a small SD (0.2 μg/ml).ConclusionConsidering this discrepancy, this method with an initial TBC set at 2.6 μg/ml may be acceptable for clinical use for moderate sedation (UMIN 000017197).
Multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering in cognitive radio network
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe current work investigates the performance of multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering in a cognitive radio network. For the spectrum sensing, every secondary user utilizes the multi‐slots of sensing time frame and combines the decisions of every multi‐slot, using the OR logic scheme, to get the sub‐local decision. The channel state information of the connections among the secondary users and access points present on the network's access points has been used to cluster the secondary users. To form the clusters, the secondary users with higher quality reporting channels for a specific access point have been chosen. Therefore, the clusters formed, in each iteration, with their respective access points, are dynamic in nature. Every secondary user in a cluster detects the availability of a primary user, makes a decision, and forwards it to its corresponding access point, via the reporting‐channel. Each access point employs the OR rule to merge the decisions of secondary users in the respective clusters, to make a local decision. Finally, the local decisions of all access points have been directed to fusion center, making the final decision about primary user's accessibility. The performance of multi‐slot‐based dynamic clustering has been studied relative to the different parameters, like detection probability, number of clusters, number of multi‐slots, secondary users, and access points. Further, the performance evaluation and comparisons of a multi‐slot‐based cognitive radio network with a single slot, cluster‐based cognitive radio network with non‐clustered, and multi‐slot‐based dynamic cluster with individual multi‐slots as well as dynamic clustering, have been done.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in soft tissue tumors—5‐year institutional experience
Authors: Rakheja Garima , Handa Uma , Punia Rajpal Singh , Attri Ashok Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) forms one of the first‐line investigations in the evaluation of tumors in modern era. Its role in diagnosing soft tissue tumors (STT) has been well established. However, the morphological overlap and biological heterogeneity of STT pose a morphological diagnostic challenge.AimsTo evaluate the scope of FNAC in diagnosis and categorization of STT and to correlate the cytological features with histological findings wherever available, and to analyze the reasons for discordance, if any.Materials and MethodsAll FNAs of cytologically diagnosed STT during 5‐year period were retrospectively analyzed. FNAC smears stained using May‐Grünwald Giemsa, Pap‐ and hematoxylin and eosin, were evaluated and interpreted inconjunction with clinical details. Cellblock and immunocytochemistry (ICC) was done, wherever required to render the final diagnosis.ResultsOf the total 15,844 FNAC done in 5 years, 1319 (8.3%) cases were diagnosed as STT. Benign tumors comprised the majority (94.2%), whereas 5.8% were diagnosed to be malignant. These were further grouped according to the cytomorphological features into adipocytic (82.2%), benign spindle cell lesions (10.8%), vascular (1.4%), spindle cell sarcoma/sarcoma NOS (2.2%), myxoid (0.3%), round cell tumors (0.9%), metastatic tumors (1.9%), and others (0.3%). The cytological findings were corelated with histopathological findings, which were available in 316 cases. The specificity and sensitivity calculated for detecting malignancy was 99.2% and 95.4%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing malignancy was 98.7%. Among the group of non‐adipocytic tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV calculated for diagnosing a malignant tumor (irrespective of exact sub‐categorization) is 95.2%, 100%, 100%, and 96.4%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy in non‐adipocytic tumors is 97.92%.ConclusionFNAC is a simple, cost effective, and minimally invasive method in diagnosing STT with good sensitivity and specificity. It is of utility not only in primary lesions, but also for metastatic tumors, and for the documentation of locally recurrent soft tissue neoplasms.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic stent placement for afferent loop obstruction using a short double‐balloon endoscopy
Authors: Ito Takashi , Shimatani Masaaki , Masuda Masataka , Nakamaru Koh , Mitsuyama Toshiyuki , Fukata Norimasa , Ikeura Tsukasa , Takaoka Makoto , Okazaki Kazuichi , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfferent loop obstruction (ALO) is a rare mechanical complication that occurs after gastrojejunostomy. Recently the use of double‐balloon endoscopy (DBE) can be useful for benign and malignant ALO.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 22 patients who underwent DBE for ALO from January 2009 to December 2020. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of short DBE treatment for ALO.ResultsShort DBE was able to reach an obstructive site in the afferent limb in all patients (100%) and was able to reach the blind end in 14 patients (64%). The technical success rate was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 95%. Procedure‐related adverse events occurred in two patients (9%). In the case of benign ALO, three of nine patients showed improvement in ALO with single stent placement. Two of nine patients improved after the replacement of the plastic stent (PS) two or three times. Four of nine patients continued with the replacement of PS. In the case of malignant ALO, the metallic stent was placed in 10 patients, and eight patients with metallic stents did not experience stent occlusion until they died. Reintervention was attempted in six patients (27%) with benign ALO but was not attempted in malignant ALO.ConclusionsTreatments for ALO using the short DBE was effective and relatively safe because the technical and clinical success rates were very high and there were relatively low complications. Consequently, short DBE could be the first‐choice treatment for both benign and malignant ALO.
Caregiver‐reported household food insecurity and child‐reported food insecurity in relation to eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent children
Authors: Barry Mikayla R. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , McGowan Andrea R. , Needham Belinda L. , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Leung Cindy W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relation of caregiver‐reported household food insecurity (FI) and child‐reported FI with eating disorder (ED) risk factors and symptoms, including effect modification by gender, in preadolescent children.MethodData were from the Family Food Study, a cross‐sectional study of households with incomes ≤200% of the federal poverty line in southeastern Michigan. Children aged 8–10 years (n = 194) and their female primary caregivers reported separately on FI status. Children reported ED risk factors/symptoms via the 24‐item Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT‐24), with higher scores indicating more ED risk factors/symptoms. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between FI measures with the ChEAT‐24 total score, plus subscale scores for dieting, food preoccupation, weight preoccupation, vomiting, and social pressure to eat/gain weight. Models were adjusted for child age, child gender, caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, and household income.ResultsAmong all children, child‐reported FI, but not caregiver‐reported household FI, was associated with more ED risk factors/symptoms. Child‐reported FI (vs. no FI) was associated with higher average ChEAT‐24 total score (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.25). Child‐reported FI was also associated with more food preoccupation, more weight preoccupation, and more social pressure to eat. Caregiver‐reported household FI was marginally associated with less dieting in girls, and child‐reported FI was associated with more dieting in boys.DiscussionChild‐reported FI may be more salient than caregiver‐reported household FI as a risk factor for ED‐related outcomes in preadolescent children. Gender may modify the association between FI and dieting behavior.Public Significance StatementMore child‐reported food insecurity, but not parent‐reported household food insecurity, was associated with more eating disorder risk factors and symptoms among preadolescent boys and girls. These findings emphasize the need for future studies that investigate the role of food insecurity in the development of eating disorders, especially studies that measure child‐reported experience of food insecurity.
Integrating reasonable proportion of blue and green water into land use planning—A new ecological perspective
Authors: Yan Wenhui , Li Fawen , Zhao Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnder the background of shortage of water resources and prominent ecological and environmental problems, the evaluation of blue‐green water resources is a necessary work to meet the ecological water demand and coordinate the distribution of water. Too little or too much blue water or green water will cause social and ecological problems. Land use is not only the main factor affecting blue‐green water but also one of the main ways for human activities to regulate blue‐green water. In this paper, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to evaluate the multi‐year average current blue water volume of Ziya River Basin from 2005 to 2015, which is 8.193 billion m3, and green water volume is 20.113 billion m3. The spatial distribution of their multi‐year average values shows a trend of gradually increasing from northwest mountainous area to southeast plain area. Considering the changes in population growth, urbanization rate, water quota and other factors, it is estimated that the total available water volume in 2025 is 27.037 billion m3, the blue water volume is 6.853 billion m3 and the green water volume is 20.184 billion m3. By adjusting the land use type, the amount of green water is increased by about 70 million m3, and the proportion of blue‐green water is adjusted from 1:2.5 to 1:2.9. Adjustment scheme 850.88 km2 of steep slope cultivated land with a slope ≥25° around five large reservoirs in the mountainous area will be converted into woodland, and the green water volume will increase by 9 million m3; while increasing the amount of green water without reducing the ecological area, 2,097.16 km2 grassland with a slope ≥40° will be converted into woodland, and the amount of green water will increase by 60 million m3. Integrating the reasonable proportion of blue‐green water into land use planning can provide a new perspective for the balance of blue‐green water resources, the optimal allocation of water intake and land planning.
Local biodiversity change reflects interactions among changing abundance, evenness, and richness
Authors: Blowes Shane A. , Daskalova Gergana N. , Dornelas Maria , Engel Thore , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Magurran Anne E. , Martins Inês S. , McGill Brian , McGlinn Daniel J. , Sagouis Alban , Shimadzu Hideyasu , Supp Sarah R. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiodiversity metrics often integrate data on the presence and abundance of multiple species. Yet our understanding of covariation between changes to the numbers of individuals, the evenness of species relative abundances, and the total number of species remains limited. Using individual‐based rarefaction curves, we show how expected positive relationships among changes in abundance, evenness and richness arise, and how they can break down. We then examined interdependencies between changes in abundance, evenness and richness in more than 1100 assemblages sampled either through time or across space. As predicted, richness changes were greatest when abundance and evenness changed in the same direction, and countervailing changes in abundance and evenness acted to constrain the magnitude of changes in species richness. Site‐to‐site differences in abundance, evenness, and richness were often decoupled, and pairwise relationships between these components across assemblages were weak. In contrast, changes in species richness and relative abundance were strongly correlated for assemblages varying through time. Temporal changes in local biodiversity showed greater inertia and stronger relationships between the component changes when compared to site‐to‐site variation. Overall, local variation in assemblage diversity was rarely due to repeated passive samples from an approximately static species abundance distribution. Instead, changing species relative abundances often dominated local variation in diversity. Moreover, how changing relative abundances combined with changes to total abundance frequently determined the magnitude of richness changes. Embracing the interdependencies between changing abundance, evenness and richness can provide new information to better understand biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
Bridging Social Innovation with Forest and Landscape Restoration
Authors: Padovezi Aurélio , Secco Laura , Adams Cristina , Chazdon Robin L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitigating climate change, preventing mass species extinctions, improving rural livelihoods, and disaster risk reduction are among today's most urgent challenges. To meet these challenges, a large number of social actors need to agree to engage and act collectively on Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR), ensuring its dual goal of restoring ecological functionality and improving people's wellbeing. Although FLR has gained momentum globally, the experiences so far continue to face socio‐economic and governance challenges associated with the design and realization of effective efforts. Social Innovation (SI) can be seen contemporarily as the process and the result of interaction between stakeholders in the construction of solutions to social needs and problems, including those tackled by FLR. Here, using a content analysis approach applied to existing literature, we propose five possible conceptual bridges between FLR and SI. The Social Innovative – Forest and Landscape Restoration (SI‐FLR) process advocates that sustainable livelihood needs should be attended first to ensure the Social‐Ecological Systems' resilience. These bridges are: (1) “Landscape as the main context”; (2) “Nature as social need”; (3) “Landscape stewardship groups”; (4) “Governance capabilities”; (5) “Adapting and transforming to enhance resilience.” Identifying these bridges, will help decision‐makers and project managers to improve the FLR initiatives by supporting the potential of SI and sparking the interest of other researchers to explore the many possibilities of SI‐FLR.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Halocyclized Products by Using Various Catalysts: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: De Soumik , Kumar Dan Aritra , Sahu Raghaba , Das Debadutta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHalogens play a crucial part in synthetic organic chemistry. Halo‐cyclized products hold numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industries, agrochemicals, natural product synthesis, and material chemistry. Thus, this review will discuss the role of various catalysts, such as from metal‐catalysts to organocatalysts, under different conditions to synthesize various halocyclized products. The synthesis and catalytic mechanisms underlying the different asymmetric transformations will also be covered by emphasizing the enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and regioselectivities from the existing pieces of literature.
Targeted decrease of portal hepatic pressure gradient improves ascites control after TIPS
Authors: Queck Alexander , Schwierz Louise , Gu Wenyi , Ferstl Philip G. , Jansen Christian , Uschner Frank E. , Praktiknjo Michael , Chang Johannes , Brol Maximilian J. , Schepis Filippo , Merli Manuela , Strassburg Christian P. , Lehmann Jennifer , Meyer Carsten , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Ascites is a definitive sign of decompensated liver cirrhosis driven by portal hypertension. Although transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion (TIPS) is indicated for therapy of recurrent and refractory ascites, there is no evidence‐based recommendation for a specific target of portal hepatic pressure gradient (PPG) decrease.

Methods:
In this single‐center, retrospective trial, we investigated the decrease of PPG in 341 patients undergoing TIPS insertion for therapy of refractory or recurrent ascites until 2015. During each procedure, portal and inferior vena cava pressures were invasively measured and correlated with patients' outcome and ascites progression over time, according to the prespecified Noninvasive Evaluation Program for TIPS and Follow‐Up Network protocol (NCT03628807).

Results:
Patients without ascites at 6 weeks after TIPS had significantly greater PPG reduction immediately after TIPS, compared to the patients with refractory ascites (median reduction 65% vs. 55% of pre‐TIPS PPG; p = 0.001). Survival was significantly better if ascites was controlled, compared to patients with need for paracentesis 6 weeks after TIPS (median survival: 185 vs. 41 weeks; HR 2.0 [1.3–2.9]; p < 0.001). Therefore, higher PPG reduction by TIPS (p = 0.005) and lower PPG after TIPS (p = 0.02) correlated with resolution of severe ascites 6 weeks after TIPS. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that higher Child‐Pugh score before TIPS (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]; p = 0.03) and lower serum sodium levels (OR 0.9 [0.9–1.0]; p = 0.004) were independently associated with ascites persistence 6 weeks after TIPS, whereas PPG reduction (OR 0.98 [0.97–1.00]; p = 0.02) was associated with resolution of ascites 6 weeks after TIPS.

Conclusion:
Extent of PPG reduction and/or lowering of target PPG immediately after TIPS placement is associated with improved ascites control in the short term and with survival in the long term. A structured follow‐up visit for patients should assess persistence of ascites at 6 weeks after TIPS.
The multiple roles of network ties in the employee job search process
Authors: Porter Caitlin M. , Hancock Julie , Allen David G. , Snyder Galen P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmployee “water cooler conversations” with coworkers, as well as interpersonal interactions outside of one's employing organization, are key sources of information about the labor market. Although the value of network ties for job search is well recognized, research to date has tended to focus on how network ties relate to job search outcomes, providing little insight into what types of network ties offer information that shape job seeker perceptions and behaviors throughout the job search process. Drawing from Steel's (2002) evolutionary search model and social network research, we assert that different types of network ties—those that are weak versus strong and those internal versus external to the organization—offer different types of labor market information, which impacts employees' labor market perceptions, propensity to search for employment, and job search effectiveness. Using a time‐separated research design in a sample of healthcare workers, we find weak external ties are associated with more optimistic perceptions of the labor market, increased marketability, and early‐stage job search, and strong external ties are associated with greater marketability and propensity to engage in an early‐stage job search. Strong internal ties (SITs) have dual, opposing influences on employee job search: SITs are associated with less early‐stage job search, but they are also associated with increased concrete prospects when employees are more actively seeking alternative employment. Taken together, this study provides more nuanced insights into how network ties influence employee job search processes, clarifying ambiguities in this literature.