bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia in children: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Junyu , Wang Jiaxin , Wang Ying , Zhang Chuang , Hu Guanyu , Wang Zhihong 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive system disease in pediatrics, usually affects normal growth and increases health care expenditure. Many investigations have demonstrated that external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in the treatment of FD children, but the effectiveness, safety, and advantages of various methods have not been confirmed by high-quality meta-analyses. This study will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the differences and effectiveness in external treatments of TCM, in order to provide a reference for further clinical treatment for FD in children.

Methods:
Nine electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wan-Fang Database and one clinical trial register platforms: ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) will be searched using English and Chinese search strategies. All eligible studies are randomized controlled trials of TCM external treatment for FD in children, published on or before July 20, 2022. The screening process will be developed by 2 independent authors, and network meta-analysis will be performed with RevMan (V5.3) software.

Results:
This study will provide a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety on the external treatment of TCM for children with FD.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will provide evidence to judge whether the external treatment of TCM are effective interventions for children with FD.

Ethics and dissemination:
The results of this meta-analysis and meta-regression will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. The information used in the network meta-analysis does not contain individual patient data. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42022360429.
Clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of mesenchymal stem cells and scaffolds in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Qinglin , Wu Zuqing , Lu Zhifu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection combined scaffolds for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a relatively new treatment for knee OA and has not yet gained popularity. So, the effectiveness, safety is worthy to be explored. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of MSCs and scaffolds in the treatment of knee OA.

Methods:
A literature search was performed in October 2022 without restriction to regions, publication types or languages. The primary sources were the electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and the ClinicalTrials.gov. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing Review Manager 5 (The Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Results:
Visual analog scale score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Lysholm knee scale and adverse events will be assessed.

Conclusion:
The systematic review will provide evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of MSCs combined scaffolds for the treatment of knee OA.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting with multisystem impairment
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhao Feng , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) mostly affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Although it may also affect other systems, multiorgan damage to the upper respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys, skin, hearing, and vision is rare.

Patient concerns:
A 52-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, epistaxis, anosmia, blood in sputum, proteinuria, limb rashes, hearing loss, diplopia, night sweats, and chest pain. The patient had no history of any illness.

Diagnoses:
GPA was established based on multisystem clinical manifestations, nasal tissue biopsy, and positive serum antibodies.

Interventions:
Medical treatment with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants was given to the patient.

Outcomes:
The patient’s condition improved; computed tomography scan of the lung indicated shrinkage of the lesion, and there were no complications or recurrence within the 5-month follow-up period.

Lessons:
For GPA patients with multisystem involvement, detailed physical examination is required to improve the survival rate and prognosis.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Reversal in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Otero Jessica , Mazor Suzan S. , Leoni James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants have been used in the adult population for years and are being used more frequently in pediatrics. Direct oral anticoagulants are chosen preferentially because they do not require close outpatient monitoring, have an equal or better safety profile, and are easy for patients to take. Warfarin is the previous, more commonly used oral anticoagulant and acts as a vitamin K antagonist. Direct oral anticoagulants mechanism of action is different in that they directly inhibit part of the coagulation cascade accomplishing the same end goal. Given their differing mechanisms, they require alternate medications for proper reversal when concerned about overdose of life-threatening bleeds. This review will outline the most commonly used direct oral anticoagulants in pediatric populations and the supporting (mainly adult) data available for proper reversal of these medications in times of need.
Predictors of Persistent Somatic Symptoms in the General Population: A systematic review of cohort studies
Authors: Kitselaar Willeke M. , van der Vaart Rosalie , Perschl Johanna , Numans Mattijs E. , Evers Andrea W.M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Up to 10% of the general population experiences persistent somatic symptoms (PSS). Numerous studies in a variety of health domains are dedicated to identifying factors that are associated with PSS onset. The present study aimed to provide an overview of predictors for PSS onset in the general population and the related health domains.

Methods
A systematic search was performed identifying longitudinal cohort studies that examined factors associated with PSS onset in the general population. Included studies measured potential predictors before PSS onset and were categorized according to the dynamic biopsychosocial model. Four levels of evidence were discerned for predictors, based on the number of studies and percentage of consistent findings.

Results
In the 154 articles eligible for analysis, 27 PSS-subtypes were studied, with primary focus on fibromyalgia (25.0%) and irritable bowel syndrome (23.3%). Of the >250 predictors of PSS onset, 46 were investigated more than once and showed consistent results. Strong evidence identifies biological (e.g., infections, body weight-related metrics), psychological (e.g., sleep problems, psychopathology), interpersonal (life events, childhood/interpersonal stress), contextual (employment), and health behavioral (health care utilization) predictors.

Conclusions
The results provide strong evidence for factors from all dynamic biopsychosocial domains, although interpersonal and health behavioral factors are relatively under investigated. Thus, evidence suggests that reduction of predictors of PSS onset to a specific factor/domain may be too restrictive. There is no evidence that this differs per PSS-subtype. Exploring all domains and measuring common factors across subtypes is essential to improve the clinical course of PSS.
Counterfactual curiosity: motivated thinking about what might have been
Authors: Fitzgibbon Lily , Murayama Kou 
Published: October 2022

Counterfactual information, information about what might have been, forms the content of counterfactual thoughts and emotions like regret and relief. Recent research suggests that human adults and children, as well as rhesus monkeys, demonstrate ‘counterfactual curiosity’: they are motivated to seek out counterfactual information after making decisions. Based on contemporary theories of curiosity and information seeking and a broad range of empirical literature, we suggest multiple heterogeneous psychological processes that contribute to people's motivation for counterfactual information. This includes processes that are identified in the curiosity literature more generally—the potential use of counterfactual information for adaptive decision making (its long-term instrumental value) and the drive to reduce uncertainty. Additionally, we suggest that counterfactual information may be particularly alluring because of its role in causal reasoning; its relationship with prediction and decision making; and its potential to fulfil emotion regulation and self-serving goals. Some future directions have been suggested, including investigating the role of individual differences in counterfactual curiosity on learning and wellbeing.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
The pupillometry of the possible: an investigation of infants' representation of alternative possibilities
Authors: Cesana-Arlotti Nicolò , Varga Bálint , Téglás Ernő 
Published: October 2022

Contrasting possibilities has a fundamental adaptive value for prediction and learning. Developmental research, however, has yielded controversial findings. Some data suggest that preschoolers might have trouble in planning actions that take into account mutually exclusive possibilities, while other studies revealed an early understanding of alternative future outcomes based on infants' looking behaviour. To better understand the origin of such abilities, here we use pupil dilation as a potential indicator of infants' representation of possibilities. Ten- and 14-month-olds were engaged in an object-identification task by watching video animations where three different objects with identical top parts moved behind two screens. Importantly, a target object emerged from one of the screens but remained in partial occlusion, revealing only its top part, which was compatible with a varying number of possible identities. Just as adults' pupil diameter grows monotonically with the amount of information held in memory, we expected that infants' pupil size would increase with the number of alternatives sustained in memory as candidate identities for the partially occluded object. We found that pupil diameter increased with the object's potential identities in 14- but not in 10-month-olds. We discuss the implications of these results for the foundation of humans' capacities to represent alternatives.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
The importance of thinking about the future in culture and cumulative cultural evolution
Authors: Vale G. L. , Coughlin C. , Brosnan S. F. 
Published: October 2022

Thinking about possibilities plays a critical role in the choices humans make throughout their lives. Despite this, the influence of individuals' ability to consider what is possible on culture has been largely overlooked. We propose that the ability to reason about future possibilities or prospective cognition, has consequences for cultural change, possibly facilitating the process of cumulative cultural evolution. In particular, by considering potential future costs and benefits of specific behaviours, prospective cognition may lead to a more flexible use of cultural behaviours. In species with limited planning abilities, this may lead to the development of cultures that promote behaviours with future benefits, circumventing this limitation. Here, we examine these ideas from a comparative perspective, considering the relationship between human and nonhuman assessments of future possibilities and their cultural capacity to invent new solutions and improve them over time. Given the methodological difficulties of assessing prospective cognition across species, we focus on planning, for which we have the most data in other species. Elucidating the role of prospective cognition in culture will help us understand the variability in when and how we see culture expressed, informing ongoing debates, such as that surrounding which social learning mechanisms underlie culture.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Young children share imagined possibilities: evidence for an early-emerging human competence
Authors: Harris Paul L. 
Published: October 2022

Children's ability to reason about junctures leading to two different destinations emerges slowly, with convergent evidence for a conceptual watershed at approximately 4 years. Young children and great apes misrepresent such junctures, planning for only one expected outcome. However, singular possibilities, as opposed to two mutually exclusive possibilities, are readily imagined, shared and acted upon by 2- and 3-year-olds. Analysis of three domains supports this claim. First, 2- and 3-year-olds respond appropriately to pretend spatial displacements enacted for them by a play partner. Second, they not only respond accurately to claims regarding an alleged but unwitnessed spatial displacement, they also ask their interlocutors about the possible whereabouts of missing objects and absent persons. Third, in ordinary conversation, they appropriately mark some of their assertions as possibilities rather than actualities. In summary, although the ability to reason about mutually inconsistent possibilities develops slowly in the preschool years, the ability to imagine and share information about possibilities is evident among 2- and 3-year-olds. Nothing comparable has been observed in great apes. Young children's ability to entertain shared possibilities diverges from that of non-human primates well before any potential watershed at 4 years with respect to the understanding of mutually exclusive possibilities.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Dysregulation of the PRUNE2/PCA3 genetic axis in human prostate cancer: From experimental discovery to validation in two independent patient cohorts
Authors: Lauer Richard C. , Barry Marc , Smith Tracey L. , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Wu Jin , Du Ruofei , Lee Ji-Hyun , Rao Arpit , Dobroff Andrey S. , Arap Marco A. , Nunes Diana N. , Silva Israel T. , Dias-Neto Emmanuel , Chen Isan , McCance Dennis J. , Cavenee Webster K. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have previously shown that the long non-coding (lnc)RNAprostate cancer associated 3(PCA3; formerlyprostate cancer antigen 3) functions as a trans-dominant negative oncogene by targeting the previously unrecognized prostate cancer suppressor genePRUNE2(a homolog of theDrosophila prunegene), thereby forming a functional unit within a unique allelic locus in human cells. Here we investigated thePCA3/PRUNE2regulatory axis from early (tumorigenic) to late (biochemical recurrence) genetic events during human prostate cancer progression.METHODSThe reciprocalPCA3andPRUNE2gene expression relationship in paired prostate cancer and adjacent normal prostate was analyzed in two independent retrospective cohorts of clinically-annotated cases post-radical prostatectomy: a single-institution discovery cohort (n=107) and a multi-institution validation cohort (n=497). We compared the tumor gene expression ofPCA3andPRUNE2to their corresponding expression in the normal prostate. We also serially examined clinical/pathological variables including time to disease recurrence.RESULTSWe consistently observed increased expression ofPCA3and decreased expression ofPRUNE2in prostate cancer compared with the adjacent normal prostate across all tumor grades and stages. However, there was no association between the relative gene expression levels ofPCA3orPRUNE2and time to disease recurrence, independent of tumor grades and stages.CONCLUSIONSWe concluded that upregulation of the lncRNAPCA3and targeted downregulation of the protein-codingPRUNE2gene in prostate cancer could be early (rather than late) molecular events in the progression of human prostate tumorigenesis but are not associated with biochemical recurrence. Further studies of PCA3/PRUNE2 dysregulation are warranted.FUNDINGWe received support from the Human Tissue Repository and Tissue Analysis Shared Resource from the Department of Pathology of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and a pilot award from the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. RP and WA were supported by awards from the Levy-Longenbaugh Donor-Advised Fund and the Prostate Cancer Foundation. EDN reports research fellowship support from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil, and the Associação Beneficente Alzira Denise Hertzog Silva (ABADHS), Brazil. This work has been funded in part by the NCI Cancer Center Support Grants (CCSG; P30) to the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center (CA118100) and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CA072720).
Maternity and family leave experiences among female ophthalmologists
Authors: Daly Caroline M. , Kraus Courtney L. , Campbell Ashley A. , Kaleem Mona A. , Shukla Aakriti Garg , McGlumphy Elyse J. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate family and maternity leave policies and examine the social and professional impacts on female ophthalmologistsParticipantsParticipants were recruited through the Women in Ophthalmology online list-serv to complete a survey evaluating maternity leave policies and their impacts. Survey questions were repeated for each birth event after medical school for up to five birth events.ResultsThe survey was accessed 198 times, and 169 responses were unique. Most participants were practicing ophthalmologists (92.3%), with a minority in residency (5.3%), in fellowship (1.2%), on disability/leave (0.6%), or retired (0.6%). Most participants (78.3%) were within their first ten years of practice. Experiences were recorded for each leave event, with 169 responses for the first leave, 120 for the second, 28 for the third, and 2 for the fourth. Nearly half of participants reported the information they received about maternity leave to be somewhat or extremely inadequate (first: 49.7%; second: 42.1%; third: 40.9%). Many reported a greater sense of burnout after returning to work (first: 60.9%, second: 58.3%, third: 45.5%). A minority of participants received full pay during the first through third maternity leave events, 39%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. About a third of participants reported being somewhat or very dissatisfied with their maternity leave experience (first: 42.3%, second: 35.0%; third: 27.3%).ConclusionsFemale ophthalmologists have varying experiences with maternity leave, but many encounter similar challenges. This study demonstrates that many women receive inadequate information about family leave, desire more weeks of leave, experience a wide variation in pay practices, and lack support for breastfeeding. Understanding the shared experiences of women in ophthalmology identifies areas where improvements are needed in maternity leave practices within the field to create a more supportive environment for physician mothers.
Scenario modelling for diminished influenza seasons during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 in England
Authors: Hill Edward M. , Keeling Matt J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere has been concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic over highly stressed healthcare capacities being further pressured by seasonal influenza epidemics. Interventions to tackle the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, have unsettled the respiratory pathogen landscape, including worldwide patterns of influenza activity. The implications of these disruptions for subsequent influenza seasons has been uncertain.MethodsTo conduct scenario analyses ahead of the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons in England, we used a pre-existing age-structured, multi-strain compartmental model of influenza transmission and case severity, which included propagation of immunity between influenza seasons and had been previously fit to historical data. For the pre-2020/2021 influenza season, our scenarios varied the level of vaccine uptake and the inclusion/exclusion of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We estimated the relative amount of health episode occurrences: symptomatic cases resulting in a GP consultation, hospital inpatient admissions, fatalities. In the pre-2021/2022 influenza season analysis, compared with a counterfactual case where influenza activity remained at historic levels in the 2020/2021 influenza season, we estimated the change in the same set of health episode occurrences in the 2021/2022 influenza season when assuming there was no influenza in circulation during the 2020/2021 influenza season.ResultsAttaining coverage of 75% in target groups for the 2020/2021 influenza season reduced health episode occurrences by 40–50% when compared to maintaining the 2019/2020 vaccination programme coverage and uptake levels. Having NPIs maintained throughout the entire influenza season saw 60-80% reductions in severe case outcomes. Combining an expanded vaccination programme and the use of NPIs could suppress the seasonal influenza epidemic, with reductions as much as 90–100%. In the absence of influenza transmission during the 2020/2021 influenza season, under our modelling assumption of mixing patterns returning to pre-2020 levels we projected a compensatory influenza epidemic with 1.2 to 2.2 times as many severe health episode occurrences in the subsequent 2021/2022 influenza season.ConclusionsIn the context of the time the work was originally conducted, the modelled scenarios indicated how bolstering vaccine coverage and reduction in contacts could likely allay resurgent seasonal influenza epidemics. Our analyses of the winter pressures that may be inflicted by other respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic are one example of the modelling insights provided to the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling, Operational sub-group (SPI-M-O) for the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) in the UK.