bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Opioid-involved Hospital Deaths that Do Not Have a Subsequent Autopsy
Authors: Abasilim Chibuzor , Holloway-Beth Alfreda , Friedman Lee S. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Surveillance systems rely on death records to monitor the most severe outcome of the opioid epidemic. However, few studies have linked data from hospital systems with death records to determine potential undercount of opioid-involved deaths occurring in hospitals. This study describes characteristics of decedents less likely to have an autopsy following an opioid-involved death in hospitals and estimates the resulting undercount.

Methods:
A probabilistic data linkage of hospital and medical examiner data involving 4,936 opioid-involved deaths among residents of Cook County, Illinois, US from 2016 to 2019. We included only hospital deaths that met a national case definition and presented with clinical signs of opioid overdose.

Results:
Decedents had higher odds of not having an autopsy if they were 50+ years, admitted to the hospital (aOR = 3.7: 2.1, 6.5), hospitalized for 4+ days (aOR = 2.2: 1.5, 3.1), and had a comorbid diagnosis of malignant cancer (aOR = 4.3: 1.8, 10.1). However, decedents exposed to heroin and synthetic opioids (aOR = 0.39: 0.28, 0.55), and concurrent exposure to stimulants (aOR = 0.44: 0.31, 0.64) were more likely to have an autopsy). Compared to estimates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we observed undercounts of opioid overdose deaths ranging from 6% to 15%.

Conclusions:
Surveillance systems may undercount decedents that do not meet the typical profile of those more likely to have an autopsy, particularly older patients with chronic health conditions. Our undercount estimate likely exists in addition to the estimated 20%–40% undercount reported elsewhere. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B990.
Moxibustion for COVID-19: A systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Xia Meng , Pang Bo , Yi Shaowei , Shan Xinjue , Deng Shizhe , Qin Yinan , Jiang Tao , Lu Hai 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Moxibustion has been widely used in prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, there is no systematic review on current topics and clinical findings on moxibustion for COVID-19. We conducted this scoping review to systematically summarize and analyze the themes and findings of published articles, to provide an overview of current knowledge and practice of moxibustion for COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Wan Fang Data and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 2022. The relevant data were presented through bar graphs, structured tables, and figures along with descriptive statistics and analysis. This coping review was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.

Results:
A total of 76 articles were reviewed: 47 reviews, 19 clinical research studies, 7 systematic reviews (all were protocols), and 3 guidelines. All the studies were conducted by Chinese researchers and published during January 1, 2020 to March 14, 2022. The feasibility of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19 based on the consensus of therapeutic mechanisms and effectiveness. The most adopted approach was observed to be suspended and gentle moxibustion, and the most frequently applied or recommended acupoints were found to be ST36, CV8, CV6, CV4, CV12, GV14, BL13, LI4, ST25, and LR3.

Conclusions:
As a convenient and safe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy of its own specific feature, moxibustion has been significantly effective at ameliorating mild or moderate symptoms among COVID-19 patients. Further large-scale, well-designed research and international cooperation is still warranted in clinical evaluations of moxibustion.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SHOWING A POOR RESPONSE TO THREE LOADING DOSES OF ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR
Authors: Song Yong-Yeon , Jun Ji-Ho , Kim Jung-Tae , Lee Sung-Chul , Lee Min-Woo 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the clinical features of refractory age-related macular degeneration patients associated with the response to three consecutive loading doses of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed on typical exudative age-related macular degeneration patients treated by three consecutive anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections. The patients were divided into a group without residual fluid on optical coherence tomography images (Group 1) and a group with residual fluid (Group 2). We analyzed qualitative and quantitative morphologic features of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with the treatment response.

Results:
We enrolled a total of 90 patients (Group 1: n = 60, Group 2: n = 30). Under optical coherence tomography, the choroidal thickness differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (246.60 ± 67.67 vs. 286.90 ± 40.92 µm, P = 0.001). Under optical coherence tomography angiography, the presence of branching (48.3% vs. 73.3%, P = 0.024), loops (31.7% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.002), and a peripheral arcade (40.0% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.001) differed significantly. Logistic regression analysis showed that the initial CT (B = 0.012; P = 0.007), presence of loops (B = 1.289; P = 0.015), and peripheral arcade (B = 1.483; P = 0.008) significantly affected the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment response.

Conclusion:
A thicker choroid and the presence of loops and a peripheral arcade were significantly associated with a poorer response to three loading anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections in typical exudative age-related macular degeneration patients.
Factors affecting long-term outcome in dorsal root entry zone lesioning for brachial plexus avulsion
Authors: Du Tao , Ji Fan , Ni Bing , Liu Ruicun , Shu Wei , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhu Hongwei , Tao Wei , Hu Yongsheng , Li Yongjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning is a classical and effective treatment for brachial plexus avulsion (BPA). However, because of a limited number of cases reported in the literature, the factors affecting surgical outcomes are not known. Furthermore, whether this ablative procedure in the spinal level can change the status of phantom limb pain (PLP) and phantom limb sensation (PLS) is unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the patients with preganglionic BPA who underwent DREZ lesioning at a single center. Patients' baseline characteristics and long-term pain and complications were collected. Postoperative changes in PLP and PLS were recorded. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to evaluate pain-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting pain outcomes. A total of 112 patients met the study inclusion criteria. With an average (range) follow-up of 47.4 (10-134) months, the long-term effectiveness and complication rate were 82.1% and 25.9%, respectively. Of 37 patients (33.0%) who developed PLS, 67.6% (25/37) experienced pain relief, whereas in 45.9% (17/37), PLS disappeared or changed after DREZ lesioning. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with shorter pain duration (≤5 years) and PLS had worse pain outcomes. This study revealed factors that predict the pain outcome of DREZ lesioning based on a large series of cases. The diverse postoperative changes in phantom limb indicate that the mechanisms underlying PLS and PLP at the spinal or supraspinal level may vary among patients with BPA. Future studies should investigate the contribution of maladaptive brain plasticity to the outcomes of patients undergoing DREZ lesioning.
Recovery expectations can be assessed with single-item measures: findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of recovery expectations on return-to-work outcomes after musculoskeletal pain conditions
Authors: Carrière Junie S. , Donayre Pimentel Stephania , Bou Saba Sabine , Boehme Blake , Berbiche Djamal , Coutu Marie-France , Durand Marie-José 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this systematic review is to quantify the association between recovery expectations and return-to-work outcomes in adults with musculoskeletal pain conditions. In addition, this review has the second objective to compare the predictive utility of single-item and multi-item recovery expectation scales on return-to-work outcomes. Relevant articles were selected from Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, and manual searches. Studies that assessed recovery expectations as predictors of return-to-work outcomes in adults with musculoskeletal pain conditions were eligible. Data were extracted on study characteristics, recovery expectations, return-to-work outcomes, and the quantitative association between recovery expectations and return-to-work outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Odds ratios were pooled to examine the effects of recovery expectations on return-to-work outcomes. Chi-square analyses compared the predictive utility of single-item and multi-item recovery expectation scales on return-to-work outcomes. Thirty studies on a total of 28,741 individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions were included in this review. The odds of being work disabled at follow-up were twice as high in individuals with low recovery expectations (OR = 2.06 [95% CI 1.20-2.92] P < 0.001). Analyses also revealed no significant differences in the predictive value of validated and nonvalidated single-item measures of recovery expectations on work disability (χ2 = 1.68, P = 0.19). There is strong evidence that recovery expectations are associated with return-to-work outcomes. The results suggest that single-item measures of recovery expectations can validly be used to predict return-to-work outcomes in individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as Acute Chest Syndrome in a Child With Hemoglobin SD-Los Angeles Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Calderwood Stanley , Sabir Aqsa , Rao Latha , Baker Brian , Balasa Vinod , Sathi Bindu K. 
Published: September 2022

Hemoglobin D-Los Angeles is a variant of hemoglobin that can polymerize in the deoxygenated state. When co-inherited with Hemoglobin S (HbSD-Los Angeles disease) a severe sickling syndrome similar to HbSS can result. Corona virus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2. It has been associated with acute chest syndrome (ACS) in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), but this complication has not previously been reported in patients with HbSD-Los Angeles. Dexamethasone has been shown to improve outcomes in non-SCD patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, its use in SCD patients with ACS is controversial due to a reported increased risk of complications including vaso-occlusive painful episodes. Herein, we reported a patient with HbSD-Los Angeles and COVID-19-associated ACS whom we treated with dexamethasone without transfusion. The patient experienced a rapid recovery without sequelae from steroid use.
To further evaluate the use of steroids, we conducted a literature review focusing on the management of pediatric SCD patients with COVID-19-associated ACS. We identified a total of 39 pediatric patients with SCD and COVID-19, of whom 21 (54%) had ACS. Packed red blood cell transfusion (n=11), exchange transfusion (n=4), or a combination of exchange transfusion and packed red blood cell transfusion (n=4) were the most frequently reported treatment, with hydroxychloroquine (n=5), remdesivir (n=1), and tocilizumab (n=1) also being reported. Three patients were treated with dexamethasone. All patients recovered and no adverse outcomes from steroid use were reported. Even though transfusion is considered the standard of care for children with ACS and steroids are not routinely recommended, our experience suggested that COVID-19-associated ACS may be an important exception, especially for patients who refuse transfusion or are in resource-poor nations where blood transfusions may not be readily available. Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations.
c-Met Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Centuori Sara M. , Bauman Julie E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite a dearth of activating driver mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), aberrant activation of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-Met is near-universal in human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative disease. Although EGFR activation drove the successful development of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab in HNSCC, no c-Met–targeting therapy has gained regulatory approval. Inhibition of the c-Met pathway may subvert oncogenesis within the tumor-intrinsic compartment, blocking tumoral proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, or the tumor-extrinsic compartment, modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the rationale and current drug development strategies for targeting c-Met or its exclusive ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in HNSCC.
Individual differences in CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio trajectories and associated risk profiles modeled from acute HIV infection
Authors: Paul Robert , Cho Kyu , Bolzenius Jacob , Sacdalan Carlo , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Trautmann Lydie , Krebs Shelly , Tipsuk Somporn , Crowell Trevor A. , Suttichom Duanghathai , Colby Donn J. , Premeaux Thomas A. , Phanuphak Nittaya , Chan Phillip , Kroon Eugène , Vasan Sandhya , Hsu Denise , Carrico Adam , Valcour Victor , Ananworanich Jintanat , Robb Merlin L. , Ake Julie A. , Sriplienchan Somchai , Spudich Serena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
We examined individual differences in CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio trajectories and associated risk profiles from acute HIV infection (AHI) through 144 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a data-driven approach.

Methods
483 AHI participants began ART during Fiebig I-V and completed follow-up evaluations for 144 weeks. CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio trajectories were defined followed by analyses to identify associated risk variables.

Results
Participants had a median viral load (VL) of 5.88 copies/mL and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio of .71 at enrollment. After 144 weeks of ART, the median CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was 1.3. Longitudinal models revealed five CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio subgroups: group 1 (3%) exhibited a ratio > 1.0 at all visits; groups 2 (18%) and 3 (29%) exhibited inversion at enrollment, with normalization 4 and 12 weeks after ART, respectively; and groups 4 (31%) and 5 (18%) experienced CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio inversion due to slow CD4+ T-cell recovery (group 4) or high CD8+ T-cell count (group 5). Persistent inversion corresponded to ART onset after Fiebig II, higher VL, soluble CD27 and TIM-3, and lower eosinophil count. Individuals with slow CD4+ T-cell recovery exhibited higher VL, lower white blood cell count, lower basophil percent and treatment with standard ART, as well as worse mental health and cognition, compared to individuals with high CD8+ T-cell count.

Conclusions
Early HIV disease dynamics predict unfavorable CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio outcomes after ART. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell trajectories contribute to inversion risk and correspond to specific viral, immune, and psychological profiles during AHI. Adjunctive strategies to achieve immune normalization merit consideration.
The Association of Social Connectivity and Body Weight With the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Population-Based Prospective MONICA/KORA Cohort
Authors: Atasoy Seryan , Johar Hamimatunnisa , Kruse Johannes , Lukaschek Karoline , Peters Annette , Ladwig Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Low levels of social connectivity are related to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and this study investigates the role of body weight in this association.

Methods
In a sample of 9448 participants followed for a mean of 15.3 years (186,158.5 person-years) from the Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Augsburg/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg population-based cohort conducted in Germany, we investigated the association of social connectivity, measured by the Social Network Index, and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of clinically validated T2D incidence using stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, life-style, cardiometabolic, and psychosocial risk factors.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 14.1 years (186,158.5 person-years), 975 (10.3%) participants developed T2D. Participants with low social connectivity developed T2D at a higher rate than socially connected participants (10.0 versus 8.0 cases/10,000 person-years); however, BMI played a significant role in the association of social connectivity with T2D (p < .001). In comparison to their socially connected counterparts, low social connectivity was associated with a higher rate of T2D incidence in normal-weight (6.0 versus 2.0 cases/10,000 person-years), but not overweight (13.0 versus 13.0 cases/10,000 person-years) or obese participants (32.0 versus 30.0 cases/10,000 person-years). Correspondingly, Cox regression analysis showed that 5-unit increments in BMI increased the risk of T2D in socially connected participants (hazard ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.48–3.79, p < .001) at a substantially higher rate than in low socially connected participants (hazard ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.16, p < .001).

Conclusion
The detrimental link between low social connectivity and increased risk of T2D is substantially stronger in participants with a lower BMI.
Dual-energy Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography Accurately Estimates Lobar Perfusion Before Lung Volume Reduction for Severe Emphysema
Authors: Jeyin Nidhish , Desai Sujal R. , Padley Simon P.G. , Wechalekar Kshama , Gregg Sima , Sousa Tiago , Shah Pallav L. , Allinson James P. , Hopkinson Nicholas S. , Begum Sofina , Jordan Simon , Kemp Samuel V. , Ridge Carole A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To assess if dual-energy computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) derived lobar iodine quantification can provide an accurate estimate of lobar perfusion in patients with severe emphysema, and offer an adjunct to single-photon emission CT perfusion scintigraphy (SPECT-PS) in assessing suitability for lung volume reduction (LVR).

Materials and Methods:
Patients with severe emphysema (forced expiratory volume in 1 s <49% predicted) undergoing evaluation for LVR between May 2018 and April 2020 imaged with both SPECT-PS and DECTPA were included in this retrospective study. DECTPA perfused blood volume maps were automatically segmented and lobar iodine mass was estimated and compared with lobar technetium (Tc99m) distribution acquired with SPECT-PS. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used for intermodality comparison between DECTPA and SPECT-PS. Univariate and adjusted multivariate linear regression were modelled to ascertain the effect sizes of possible confounders of disease severity, sex, age, and body mass index on the relationship between lobar iodine and Tc99m values. Effective radiation dose and adverse reactions were recorded.

Results:
In all, 123 patients (64.5±8.8 y, 71 men; mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s 32.1 ±12.7%,) were eligible for inclusion. There was a linear relationship between lobar perfusion values acquired using DECTPA and SPECT-PS with statistical significance (P<0.001). Lobar relative perfusion values acquired using DECTPA and SPECT-PS had a consistent relationship both by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis (mean bias, −0.01, mean r
2 0.64; P<0.0001). Individual lobar comparisons demonstrated moderate correlation (r=0.79, 0.78, 0.84, 0.78, 0.8 for the right upper, middle, lower, left upper, and lower lobes, respectively, P<0.0001). The relationship between lobar iodine and Tc99m values was not significantly altered after controlling for confounders including symptom and disease severity, age, sex, and body mass index.

Conclusions:
DECTPA provides an accurate estimation of lobar perfusion, showing good agreement with SPECT-PS and could potentially streamline preoperative assessment for LVR.
Regulatory role of noncoding RNA in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction: an updated systematic review
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yang Yu-Hang , Liu Yong-Ping , Zhang Tie-Ning , Yang Ni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The exact molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis remain unclear. Accumulating evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs are involved in sepsis and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (SAOD).

Methods
We performed this updated systematic review focusing mainly on research conducted in the last 5 years regarding noncoding RNAs associated with sepsis and SAOD. The following medical subject headings were used in the PubMed database from October 1, 2016, to March 31, 2022: “microRNA,” “long noncoding RNA,” “circular RNA,” “sepsis,” and/or “septic shock.” Studies investigating the role of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the disease were included. Data were extracted in terms of the role of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and their applicability for use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in sepsis. The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified guideline from the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE).

Results
A total of 537 original studies investigated the potential roles of noncoding RNAs in sepsis and SAOD. Experimental studies in the last 5 years confirmed that long noncoding RNAs have important regulatory roles in sepsis and SAOD. However, studies on circRNAs and sepsis remain limited, and more studies should be conducted to elucidate this relationship. Amongst the included studies, the SYRCLE scores ranged from 3 to 7 (an average score of 3.78). Notably, 94 noncoding RNAs were evaluated as potential biomarkers for sepsis, and selective reporting of the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curve was common. A total of 117 studies demonstrated the use of noncoding RNAs as potential therapeutic targets in sepsis and SAOD. At a molecular level, inflammation-related pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and/or oxidative stress were the most extensively studied.

Conclusion
This review suggests that noncoding RNAs could be good biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for sepsis and SAOD. Prospective, large-scale, and multicenter cohort studies should be performed to evaluate specific noncoding RNAs as biomarkers and test the organ-specific delivery of these regulatory molecules when used as therapeutic targets.