bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Recent Update on the Epigenetic Repertoire and Chromatin Modifying
Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhao Di , Beeraka Narasimha Murthy , Tatineni Spandana , Sri Chiriki Devi , Nishanth Veera Venkata , Uthiah Chinnappa Apatira , Leihang Zonunsiami , Sugur Kavya , Liu Junqi , Nikolenko Vladimir Nikolaevich , Fan Ruitai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Several epigenome studies reported the ability of genes to modulate the lipogenic
and glucogenic pathways during insulin signaling as well as the other pathways involved
in cardiometabolic diseases. Epigenetic plasticity and oxidative stress are interrelated
in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic disease conditions.
This review aims to ascertain the previous research evidence pertaining to the role
of the epigenome and the variations of histone and non-histone proteins during cardiometabolic
disease conditions and insulin signaling to develop effective disease-based
epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetics-based chromatic therapy. Several public databases,
including PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Medline, and google scholar, were
searched for the peer-reviewed and published reports. This study delineates the consistent
body of evidence regarding the epigenetic alterations of DNA/histone complexes
pertinent to oxidative stress, insulin signaling, metabolic cardiomyopathy, and endothelial
dysfunction in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. It has been described that both
DNA methylation and post-translational histone alterations across visceral and subcutaneous
adipose tissue could facilitate gene transcription to modulate inflammation, lipogenesis,
and adipogenesis as the complex network of chromatin-modifying enzymatic proteins
involved in the defensive insulin signaling across vasculature in patients with cardiometabolic
diseases. Resveratrol, vorinostat, trichostatin, and apabetalone are reported
to have significant implications as epigenetic modulators. Based on the epigenetic alterations,
a wide range of protein/gene markers, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ
(IFNγ) genes, may be considered as biomarkers in these patients due to their ability to
the polarization of immune cells involved in tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Hence, it is crucial to unravel the cell-specific epigenetic information to develop individual
risk assessment strategies for chromatin-modifying therapies in patients with cardiometabolic
diseases.
Herbal Medicines as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Rostami Soodabeh , Gharibi Shima , Yaghoobi Hajar , Nokhodian Zary , Shoaei Parisa , Bahrami Armina Alagheband , Ahangarzadeh Shahrzad , Alibakhshi Abbas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding molecular pathogenesis is an essential factor for the allocation
of effective preventive measures and the development of targeted therapeutics against COVID-19. The
genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes structural and nonstructural proteins, which can be targets for compounds
with potential therapeutic ability. On the other hand, the virus life cycle has stages susceptible to targeting by
drug compounds. Many natural antiviral compounds have been studied and evaluated at the cellular and molecular
levels with antiviral potential. Meanwhile, many studies over the past few months have shown that plant
polysaccharides have a good ability to target proteins and stages of the virus life cycle. In this regard, in this review
study, the virus specifications and infectious process and structural and functional components of SARSCoV-
2 will be reviewed, and then the latest studies on the effect of plant compounds with more focus on polysaccharides
on viral targets and their inhibitory potential on the infectious process of COVID-19 will be discussed.
Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds with Antimicrobial
Activity from Marine Facultative Anaerobe, Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Marappan Makesh , Kotakonda Muddukrishnaiah , Dharmar Prabaharan , Sakthivel Balasubramaniyan , Sunnapu Prasad 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The marine ecosystem contains many microbial species that produce
unique, biologically active secondary metabolites with complex chemical structures. We aimed to
isolate and identify bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties produced by a facultative
anaerobic strain of Bacillus subtilis (AU-RM-1), isolated from marine sediment.

Methodology:
We optimized the AU-RM-1 growth conditions, analyzed its growth kinetics and its
phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Extracts of the isolate were studied for antimicrobial
activity against three clinically important microorganisms and the structure of the active compound
was identified by spectroscopy.

Results:
Antimicrobial activity of the AU-RM-1 DMSO extract was evaluated by disc diffusion
assay and by serial dilution. The AU-RM-1 DMSO extract showed antimicrobial activity against
Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The bioactive fraction of the AURM-
1 DMSO extract was separated by TLC-bioautography at Rf = 0.49. We then used scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the morphological
changes in the bacterial cells treated with the isolated compound. It was observed that cells
seemed to shrink, and the cell walls appeared to be damaged. A bioactive compound was identified,
and its structure was examined by spectroscopic analysis: a LC-MS molecular ion peak (ESI)
m/z (% of relative abundance) was calculated for C19H22O3: 298.38, and found to be C19H22O3
+1:
299.51 [M+1]. The chemical structure of the compound (2-(2-{8-methoxy-5aH,6H,7H,8H,9H,
9aH-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-7-yl}ethyl)furan) was determined using 1HNMR and 13CNMR, and its
purity was confirmed by HPLC. Fifteen known and previously reported compounds were also
identified, in addition to the novel compound; these were lipopeptides, antibiotics and chemical
moieties.

Conclusion:
The facultative anaerobic marine organism Bacillus subtilis (AU-RM-1) produces a
novel bioactive secondary metabolite with antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
An Overview Regarding Pharmacogenomics and Biomarkers Discovery:
Focus on Breast Cancer
Authors: Scandolara Thalita Basso , Barreto Pires Bruno Ricardo , Vacario Beatriz , de Amorim Isis Salviano Soares , Siqueira Priscyanne Barreto , Serpeloni Juliana Mara , Mencalha André Luiz , Bonvicino Cibele Rodrigues , Panis Carolina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Breast cancer represents a health concern worldwide for being the leading cause of can-cer-related women's death. The main challenge for breast cancer treatment involves its heterogene-ous nature with distinct clinical outcomes. It is clinically categorized into five subtypes: luminal A; luminal B, HER2-positive, luminal-HER, and triple-negative. Despite the significant advances in the past decades, critical issues involving the development of efficient target-specific therapies and overcoming treatment resistance still need to be better addressed. OMICs-based strategies have marked a revolution in cancer biology comprehension in the past two decades. It is a consensus that Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the primary source of this revolution and the development of relevant consortia translating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Still, new approaches, such as CRISPR editing and epigenomic sequencing are essential for target and biomarker discoveries. Here, we discuss genomics and epigenomics techniques, how they have been applied in clinical management and to improve therapeutic strategies in breast cancer, as well as the phar-macogenomics translation into the current and upcoming clinical routine.
Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Wong Alex H.C. , Hon Kam Lun 
Published: August 2022

Background:Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide.Objective:This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood.Methods:A PubMed search was conducted in May 2021 in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR “obese”. The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article.Results:Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition.Conclusion:Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solve the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to become involved in school and community programs that improve nutritional status and physical activity in their children.
Artificial Intelligence in Accelerating Drug Discovery and
Development
Authors: Tripathi Anushree , Misra Krishna , Dhanuka Richa , Singh Jyoti Prakash 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Drug discovery and development are critical processes that enable the treatment
of wide variety of health-related problems. These are time-consuming, tedious, complicated,
and costly processes. Numerous difficulties arise throughout the entire process of drug
discovery, from design to testing. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently
posed a significant threat to global public health. SARS-Cov-2 and its variants are rapidly
spreading in humans due to their high transmission rate. To effectively treat COVID-19,
potential drugs and vaccines must be developed quickly. The advancement of artificial intelligence
has shifted the focus of drug development away from traditional methods and
toward bioinformatics tools. Computer-aided drug design techniques have demonstrated
tremendous utility in dealing with massive amounts of biological data and developing efficient
algorithms. Artificial intelligence enables more effective approaches to complex
problems associated with drug discovery and development through the use of machine
learning. Artificial intelligence-based technologies improve the pharmaceutical industry's
ability to discover effective drugs. This review summarizes significant challenges encountered
during the drug discovery and development processes, as well as the applications of
artificial intelligence-based methods to overcome those obstacles in order to provide effective
solutions to health problems. This may provide additional insight into the mechanism
of action, resulting in the development of vaccines and potent substitutes for repurposed
drugs that can be used to treat not only COVID-19 but also other ailments.
ASSESSMENT OF LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY IN PATIENTS OF COMPLICATED APPENDICITIS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: AKHILESH KUMAR YADAV  , SHIV KUMAR YADAV  , PIYUSH KUMAR SINHA  , DWIVEDI MK  , SUNIL KUMAR SINGH  , RAHUL RANJAN  
Published: August 2022

Background: Appendicitis is the commonest abdominal surgical emergency in the world which may lead to complications like appendicular abscess or mass, gangrene, perforation and peritonitis. Present research aimed to evaluate the wellbeing and the effectiveness of laparoscopy for managing complicated appendicitis.
Material and methods: Present study was carried out on 50 patients at tertiary care institution of Chhattisgarh in Central India for the period of 2 year. This study is including patients of complicated appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic management. Parameters studied included Age, Gender, WBC count, wound infection and hospital stay.
Results: There was increase of total leucocytic count in most of the patients; Mean WBCs was 12.71±5.37. 33 patients had pus free IPF collection and perforated appendicitis (PA), 11 patients had turbid free IPF collection with AA (highly inflamed appendix), 2 case was mucocele of the appendix, 2 cases of appendicular abscess (3.3%) and 2 cases of gangrenous appendix.
Conclusion: Management of complicated appendicitis laparoscopically is practicable, secure and can present a small occurrence of infectious impediments, fewer post-operative pain, fast revival and improved cosmesis on the cost of extended operating time than Open Appendectomy
Caries-inhibiting Effect of Microencapsulated Active Components in Pit and Fissure Sealants
Authors: Amend S , Frankenberger R , Lücker S , Krämer N 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY

Objective
The aim of the present in vitro study was to examine the caries-inhibiting effect of a pit and fissure sealant (PFS) containing ion-releasing microcapsules under cariogenic conditions in a biofilm artificial mouth.

Methods and Materials
Forty-eight human third molars were divided into four groups (n=12 per group). Fissures were extended with burs and sealed with experimental PFS. The four groups of specimens were treated as follows: 1) EPFS 1: EPFS (Premier Dental) of increasing viscosity, containing microcapsules loaded with remineralizing agents (calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions); 2) US: fluoride-releasing PFS (UltraSeal XT plus, UltraDent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA); 3) EPFS 2: experimental PFS of constant viscosity containing microcapsules loaded with calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions; and 4) FT: glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Fuji Triage CAPSULE WHITE glass ionomer cement, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium). FT and US were used as control groups. EPFS 1 and EPFS 2 were the experimental groups. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 14 days at 37°C, subjected to 10,000 thermocycles (5°C and 55°C) and finally exposed to microbiological cycling in a Streptococcus mutans-based artificial mouth for 10 days. Replicas were made for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation and specimens were cut for fluorescence microscopy.

Results
Overall demineralization depths at the margin of Fuji Triage were significantly shallower than in the other groups (p&lt;0.05). Overall demineralization depths adjacent to the experimental pit and fissure sealant EPFS 2 (59±15 μm) were comparable to the values of the resin-based pit and fissure sealant UltraSeal XT plus (58±10 μm, p≥0.05). SEM revealed surface roughness of the GIC-based PFS.

Conclusions
The experimental PFS with microcapsules containing active components for remineralization did not show a caries-inhibiting effect compared to a fluoride-releasing resin-based PFS. Lower demineralization depths adjacent to GIC sealants indicate an anticariogenic effect through fluoride ion release.
Influence of Manganese Oxide on the Esthetic Efficacy and Toxicity Caused by Conventional In-office Tooth Bleaching Therapy
Authors: Ribeiro RAO , de Oliveira Duque CC , Ortecho-Zuta U , Leite ML , Hebling J , Soares DG , de Souza Costa CA 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the esthetic efficacy, cytotoxicity, and kinetics of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) present in a commercial bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 (BG35%) chemically activated with manganese oxide (MnO2).

Methods and Materials
After incorporating 2 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL of MnO2 into BG35%, the stability of pH and temperature of the products were analyzed. To assess the esthetic efficacy (ΔE and ΔWI), the BG35%s with MnO2 were applied for 45 minutes on enamel/dentin discs (DiE/D). BG35% or no treatment were used as positive (PC) and negative (NC) controls, respectively. To analyze the cell viability (CV) and oxidative stress (OXS), the same bleaching protocols were performed on DiE/D adapted to artificial pulp chambers. The extracts (culture medium + gel components that diffused through the discs) were applied to pulp cells and submitted to H2O2 quantification. BG35% with MnO2 that showed the best results was evaluated relative to kinetic decomposition of H2O2, with consequent generation of free radicals (FR) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•). The data were submitted to the one-way analysis of variance complemented by Tukey post-test (α=0.05). Data on kinetics of H2O2 decomposition were submitted to the Student’s-t test (α=0.05).

Results
All the BG35%s with MnO2 showed stability of pH and temperature, and the gel with 10 mg/mL of this activator had an esthetic efficacy 31% higher than that of the PC (p&lt;0.05). Reduction in OXS and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2 occurred when all the BG35%s with MnO2 were used. The addition of 6 and 10 mg/mL of MnO2 to BG35% increased the CV in comparison with PC, confirmed by the cell morphology analysis. An increase in FR and OH• formation was observed when 10 mg/mL of MnO2 was added to BG35%.

Conclusion
Catalysis of BG35% with MnO2 minimized the trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2 and toxicity of the product to pulp cells. BG35% containing 10 mg/mL of MnO2 potentiated the decomposition of H2O2, enhancing the generation of FR and OH•, as well as the efficacy of the in-office tooth therapy.
Influence of Irradiance and Exposure Times on the Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of Universal Adhesives with Dentin
Authors: Cardenas AFM , Siqueira FSF , Nuñez A , Nonato RF , Cavalcanti KGBA , Soares CJ , Reis A , Loguercio AD 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY

Objectives
This study evaluated the influence of irradiance/exposure time on the Knoop hardness (KHN) and polymer cross-linking density (PCLD), as well as microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and in situ degree of conversion (DC) of universal adhesives.

Methods and Materials
Two universal adhesive systems, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), were light-cured using various irradiance/exposure times: 1400 mW/cm2 for 5 s (1400*5); 1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s (1400*10); 3200 mW/cm2 for 5 s (3200*5); and 3200 mW/cm2 for 10 s (3200*10). Adhesive disks from each group were used to measure PCLD by KHN. One hundred and twenty-eight human molars were randomly assigned to 16 groups according to the following variables: adhesive system vs adhesive strategies vs radiance/exposure times. After restoration, specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin sticks and tested for μTBS, NL, and DC. The data from PCLD (%), KHN, μTBS (MPa), NL (%), and DC (%) data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).

Results
Significant reductions in KHN, μTBS, and DC (p=0.00001) values and an increase in NL and PCLD (p=0.00001) values were observed for 3200*10 when compared with other groups. Higher KHN, μTBS, and DC (p=0.000001) values were observed for 3200*5 in comparison with the other groups. The 1400*5 (7 J/cm2) and 1400*10 (14 J/cm2) groups showed intermediate values (p=0.000001).

Conclusion
Although similar results in terms of hardness, polymer cross-linking density and nanoleakage were observed when 5 seconds at 3200 mW/cm2 and 10 seconds at 1400 mW/cm2 groups were compared, the use of higher irradiance (3200 mW/cm2) for only 5 seconds showed better results in terms of bond strength and degree of conversion for both universal adhesives to dentin. The prolonged exposure time (10 seconds) at the higher irradiance (3200 mW/cm2) showed the worst results.
A mãe, a guerreira e a herdeira: a construção da liderança política nas difusas fronteiras entre o público e o privado
Authors: Martins Joyce Miranda Leão , Chaia Vera 
Published: August 2022

A modernidade política emerge a partir de contratos sociais excludentes, que relegam à mulher ao espaço privado, devido a supostas sensibilidades, afetos e inclinações ao lar. Partindo do pressuposto que esse imaginário é reproduzido e atualizado, mesmo longe do seu local de origem (o mundo europeu), o trabalho indaga: como se comportam, na disputa eleitoral, as mulheres que reivindicam a participação no espaço público da política? Que estilos de liderança política constroem aquelas das quais não se espera que sejam líderes? O corpus é composto pelas propagandas eleitorais de seis campanhas presidenciais brasileiras, a saber: Heloísa Helena (2006); Dilma Rousseff (2010, 2014); Marina Silva (2010; 2014) e Luciana Genro (2016). A metodologia utilizada alia análise do discurso à perspectiva de gênero. Reflete-se sobre os resultados encontrados a partir de teorias feministas, concluindo que as estratégias eleitorais promovem o ingresso subordinado das mulheres na política.
A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS’ COVERS
Authors: Muhassin Mohammad , Putri Novi , Hidayati Dewi Ayu , Pradana Satria Adi 
Published: August 2022

Multimodality has been studied in relation to a variety of text genres, but it has yet to be used to textbook covers. This paper is aimed at examining the representational meaning of visual resources in the covers of selected English textbooks and how the verbal and visual modes strengthen each other’s meaning. This is a qualitative research that uses a multimodal discourse analysis paradigm. Visual and verbal data were gained from two covers of selected English textbooks. The analysis includes representational meaning (Kress van Leeuwen, 2006), text generic structure (Cheong, 2004), and intersemiotic complementarity (Royce, 2007). The findings indicate that the representational meaning consists of narrative and conceptual representations within the structures of lead, display, announcement and emblem. Through the relationships of repetition, synonymy, and meronymy, verbal and visual modes help each other build cohesiveness. The cohesion signifies the relation between visual images and verbal texts to convey meaningful messages of the covers. Certain implications were also elaborated in this study.