bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilical epidermal inclusion cysts, an unusual cause of umbilical mass following laparoscopic surgery: case report
Authors: Li Christine , Robertson Amanda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Umbilical lumps are a common presentation that can represent a diagnostic challenge as the differentials are broad. Epidermal inclusion cysts occur when epidermal cells are implanted in the dermis following trauma, or surgery. Although epidermal inclusion cysts are common, they are rarely cause of umbilical mass, with less than 10 cases described in the literature. Very few cases have been reported following abdominal surgery and none following laparoscopy. These lesions can occur with or without pain, mass, redness or spontaneous discharge and symptoms can persist for years. This paper reports a case of an umbilical epidermal inclusion cyst in a 52-year-old female presenting with a 6-week history of a painful, red umbilical lump on a background of two previous diagnostic laparoscopies. This was successfully treated with complete excision of the lesion.
Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the ear
Authors: Senaratne Radha , Casey Máire-Caitlín , Kelly Jack L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in Ireland. Our patient presented for removal of a cutaneous lesion on his ear. The histopathological diagnosis was malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. It is very rare for this to present primarily as a cutaneous lesion. Here, we discuss the management of this patient and the surveillance he required. It is important to consider alternative histological diagnoses in patients presenting with cutaneous lesions and how this affects management and prognosis.
Pancreatic and splenic tuberculosis mimicking a pancreatic cancer with splenic metastases in an immunocompetent adolescent: a case report
Authors: Konlack Mekontso Joel Gabin , Nguefang Tchoukeu Guy Loic , Nwabo Fabrice Leo Tamhouo , Mbessoh Kengne Ulrich Igor , Nana Gwabap Michel Arsène , Notue Yves Alain , Moifo Boniface , Sando Linda Ngueffo , Kabeyene Okono Angèle Clarisse 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a case of pancreatic and splenic tuberculosis (TB) in a 15-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient who was initially misdiagnosed as suffering from a pancreatic carcinoma with splenic metastases. Pancreatic and splenic TB are extremely rare in young immunocompetent patients, with a nonspecific clinical presentation, making the diagnosis elusive.
A lipid viewpoint on the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Authors: Kanehara Kazue , Cho Yueh , Yu Chao-Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Organisms, including humans, seem to be constantly exposed to various changes, which often have undesirable effects, referred to as stress. To keep up with these changes, eukaryotic cells may have evolved a number of relevant cellular processes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Owing to presumably intimate links between human diseases and the ER function, the ER stress response has been extensively investigated in various organisms for a few decades. Based on these studies, we now have a picture of the molecular mechanisms of the ER stress response, one of which, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is highly conserved among yeasts, mammals, higher plants, and green algae. In this review, we attempt to highlight the plant UPR from the perspective of lipids, especially membrane phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) are the most abundant membrane phospholipids in eukaryotic cells. The ratio of PtdCho to PtdEtn and the unsaturation of fatty acyl tails in both phospholipids may be critical factors for the UPR, but the pathways responsible for PtdCho and PtdEtn biosynthesis are distinct in animals and plants. We discuss the plant UPR in comparison with the system in yeasts and animals in the context of membrane phospholipids.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Renal Insufficiency and Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Buckenmayer Anna , Dahmen Lotte , Hoyer Joachim , Kamalanabhaiah Sahana , Haas Christian S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a simple diagnostic tool for estimating systemic inflammation. It remains unclear whether ESR is influenced by renal disease or renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Objective
To report the incidence and extent of ESR elevations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the possible impact of RRT.

Methods
We performed a single-center, retrospective study in inpatients with or without renal disease and in those with RRT, comparing ESR levels and other laboratory and clinical information.

Results
A total of 203 patients were included. On average, ESR was elevated (mean [SD], 51.7 [34.6] mm/h), with no statistically significant difference between the patient groups. Only those receiving PD showed significantly higher ESR (78.3 [33.1] mm/h; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
ESR testing can be used without restriction in patients with CKD and in patients undergoing hemodialysis and who have received kidney transplantation; however, this measurement should be monitored carefully in patients with PD.
One-dimensional fragment over words and trees
Authors: Kieroński Emanuel , Kuusisto Antti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One-dimensional fragment of first-order logic is obtained by restricting quantification to blocks of existential (universal) quantifiers that leave at most one variable free. We investigate this fragment over words and trees, presenting a complete classification of the complexity of its satisfiability problem for various navigational signatures and comparing its expressive power with other important formalisms. These include the two-variable fragment with counting and the unary negation fragment.
Engaging an infrastructure of time production with international law
Authors: Gordon Geoff 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article explores international legal entanglements with the infrastructure of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a socio-technical construction that comprises the globally definitive measure of seconds, minutes and hours working in lockstep around the world. UTC is produced and maintained with international law, through international administration with social, political, material and technical dimensions. In analysing mutual entanglements of international law with infrastructural relations organized around UTC, the article assesses their imbrication in globalized governance routines and distributive patterns, instantiated here with reference to the field of finance. The article further considers ways to engage legal-infrastructural relations for material change in patterns of governance.
Survey for Distant Solar Twins (SDST) – I. epic method for stellar parameter measurement
Authors: Lehmann Christian , Murphy Michael T , Liu Fan , Flynn Chris , Berke Daniel A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Solar twins are stars of key importance to the field of astronomy and offer a multitude of science applications. Only a small number (≲200) of solar twins are known today, all of which are relatively close to our Sun (${\lesssim}{800}\, {\rm pc}$). The goal of our Survey for Distant Solar Twins (SDST) is to identify many more solar twin and solar analogue stars out to much larger distances (${\sim}{4}\, {\rm kpc}$). In this paper, we present a new method to identify solar twins using relatively low S/N, medium resolving power ($R\sim 28\, 000$) spectra that will be typical of such distant targets observed with HERMES on the ${3.9}\, {\rm m}$ Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). We developed a novel approach, namely epic, to measure stellar parameters (SPs) which we use to identify stars similar to our Sun. epic determines the stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H]) using differential equivalent width (EW) measurements of selected spectroscopic absorption features and a simple model, trained on previously analysed spectra, that connects these EWs to the SPs. The reference for the EW measurements is a high S/N solar spectrum which is used to minimize several systematic effects. epic is fast, optimized for Sun-like stars and yields SP measurements with small enough uncertainties to enable spectroscopic identification of solar twin and analogue stars up to ${\sim}{4}\, {\rm kpc}$ away using AAT/HERMES, i.e. $\sigma \left(T_{\mathrm{eff}}, \log g, \textrm {[Fe/H]}\right) = \left({50}\, {\rm K}, {0.08}\, {\rm dex}, {0.03}\, {\rm dex}\right)$ on average at S/N = 25.
Search for X/Z-shaped radio sources from TGSS ADR 1
Authors: Bhukta Netai , Pal Sabyasachi , Mondal Sushanta K 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTA small subclass of radio galaxies, exhibiting a pair of secondary low-surface-brightness radio lobes oriented at an angle to the primary high-surface-brightness lobes, is the group known as X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs). In some cases, it is seen that less luminous secondary lobes emerge from the edges of the primary high-brightness lobes, giving a Z-symmetric morphology. These objects are known as Z-shaped radio galaxies (ZRGs). From the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Sky Survey at 150 MHz, we present systematic search results for XRGs and ZRGs. We identified a total of 58 radio sources, out of which 40 are XRGs and 18 are ZRGs. Taking advantage of the large sample size of XRGs and ZRGs reported in the current work, different properties of XRGs and ZRGs are studied. Out of 58 XRGs and ZRGs presented here, 19 (32 per cent) are FR I and 33 (57 per cent) are FR II radio galaxies. For four XRGs and three ZRGs, the morphology is so complex that they could not be classified. We have estimated the radio luminosity and spectral index of newly discovered winged radio galaxies and made a comparative study with previously detected XRGs and ZRGs. Most of the XRGs show a steep spectral index between 150 and 1400 MHz and only 14 per cent of the sources show a flat spectrum, but for ZRGs a good proportion of the sources (36 per cent) show a flat spectrum.
H ii regions in CALIFA survey: II. The relation between their physical properties and galaxy evolution
Authors: Espinosa-Ponce C , Sánchez S F , Morisset C , Barrera-Ballesteros J K , Galbany L , García-Benito R , Lacerda E A D , Mast D 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present here the exploration of the physical properties of the sample of H ii regions and aggregations of the last H ii regions catalogue of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. This sample comprises the optical spectroscopic properties of more than ∼26 000 ionized regions corresponding to 924 galaxies from the Integral Field Spectroscopy data, including the flux intensity and equivalent widths and the properties of their underlying stellar population. In the current study, we derive a set of physical quantities for all these regions based on those properties, including (i) the fraction of young stars; (ii) the ionization strength (using six different estimations); (iii) the oxygen abundance (using 25 different calibrators); (iv) the nitrogen and nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance; (v) the dust extinction; and (vi) the electron density. Using this data set, we explore how the loci in the classical diagnostic diagrams are connected with those quantities, the radial distributions of these parameters, and the interrelations between themselves and with the properties of the underlying stellar populations. We conclude that many properties of the H ii regions are tightly related to the galactic stellar evolution at the location where those regions are observed. Those properties are modulated only as a second-order effect by the properties of the ionizing stars and the ionized nebulae that do not depend on the astrophysical context in which they are formed. Our results highlight the importance of H ii regions to explore the chemical evolution in galaxies, clarifying which of their properties can be used as proxies of that evolution.
Skyrmions-based logic gates in one single nanotrack completely reconstructed via chirality barrier
Authors: Yu Dongxing , Yang Hongxin , Chshiev Mairbek , Fert Albert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Logic gates based on magnetic elements are promising candidates for logic-in-memory applications with non-volatile data retention, near-zero leakage and scalability. In such spin-based logic devices, however, the multi-strip structure and fewer functions are obstacles to improving integration and reducing energy consumption. Here we propose a skyrmions-based single-nanotrack logic family including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR that can be implemented and reconstructed by building and switching the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) chirality barrier on a racetrack memory. Besides the pinning effect of the DMI chirality barrier on skyrmions, the annihilation, fusion and shunting of two skyrmions with opposite chirality are also achieved and demonstrated via local reversal of the DMI, which are necessary for the design of an engineer programmable logic nanotrack, transistor and complementary racetrack memory.
Market signals as adequacy indicators for future flexible power systems
Authors: de Vries Laurens , Sanchez Jimenez Ingrid 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Existing indicators of electricity system adequacy need to be supplemented with economic performance indicators. As power systems are decarbonized, energy storage technologies are being developed and demand is becoming more flexible. Reliability standards need to reflect the price elasticity of these sources of flexibility. During scarcity situations, this increased demand flexibility may prevent outages, but still lead to high electricity prices. If the average electricity price is well above the average cost of power supply, this can be an indication that the system is not adequate, even if the outage rate does not exceed the current reliability standards.
Documentary Fiction of the Pogroms of the Civil War
Authors: Murav Harriet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Itsik Kipnis’s 1926 Yiddish novel Months and Days: A Chronicle, was one of the first literary accounts of the pogroms of the Russian Civil War. Although it reads like fiction, the text includes the names of real-life perpetrators and victims and also provides other factual information about what took place in Slovechno, Ukraine, in July 1919. Kipnis’s novel is not only about facts. It is intensely personal: the young author had just gotten married when the pogroms in his region began. The larger narrative thus consists of two seemingly incongruous components: a love story, and a story of neighborly violence. Kipnis weaves together the emotions of love, tenderness, and care with fear, rage, resentment, and bitterness. What emerges is a deeply experiential account of the history of violence in Eastern Europe after World War I.
The Rise of English
Authors: Salomone Rosemary 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Is English a bridge or a barrier to economic advancement and social mobility as it spreads worldwide? To what extent do domestic and global politics determine those outcomes? Who are the winners, losers, and resisters? How are France and China using the “soft power” of language to overtake English, and to what ends? What role do globalization, a knowledge-based economy, and neoliberalism play in these developments? Using education as its lens, this book critically unpacks these and related questions in a sweeping journey across four continents through diverse political and historical settings. It begins in Europe with the European Union and its promotion of multilingualism and with controversies over English-taught courses and programs in universities in the name of internationalization. It then moves to the postcolonial world, where disputes over English in the schools reveal longstanding grievances and the inequities of historically rooted and politically motivated language policies, and where French is losing its hold to English in some former French-speaking colonies. It finally shifts to the United States, where state and local officials and grassroots organizers are addressing the “foreign language deficit” and initiating programs that promote multilingualism. Drawing on a vast store of interdisciplinary research, interviews, court decisions, political commentary, literature, and popular culture from across the globe and in multiple languages, the book makes the case for a common global language (English for now) as a core component of multilingualism in a world that is growing smaller, more diverse, and more politically uncertain by the nanosecond.
Christ as Riddle
Authors: Ward Graham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis is the first of three chapters characterizing the nature of the encounter with Christ and arising from Jesus’s question to the disciples ‘Who do you say I am?’ Given Christ is God, then there can be no final grasping at the identity of Christ. We can only participate in the interchange of acknowledgements through encountering Christ and examine the characteristics of those encounters. Christ as riddle is one of those characteristics. It enables us to attempt some answer to the question: Who is Jesus Christ today? This chapter examines the nature and power of riddles in Oedipus Rex and contemporary philosophy working in veins mined by Wittgenstein in order to clarify how, in Christ, the riddles keep the question of identity open but do not result in a tragic understanding of a fatal ignorance.
Christ as Scandal
Authors: Ward Graham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBeginning with scriptural exegesis, this chapter explores the character of the scandal that Christ was both aware He caused and aware that He, as God, is. It examines the nature of the scandalous, in particular the kind of visceral response it invokes both in individuals and collectively. In doing so, the Chapter argues for the relation between the scandalous and the disgusting. In Scripture, the scandal is often associated with the miraculous and this connection is developed and analysed. The scandal of Christ experienced in encountering Him is then continued in the Church as the body of Christ - as the early responses to the emergence of Christianity testify. It is an evident aspect of the interchange of acknowledgements in the encounter, and the chapter illustrates this by looking at a short story by Gustave Flaubert.
Faith and the Fall
Authors: Ward Graham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers the other aspect of the paradise myth, the Fall. Again, it is argued, linearity has to be problematized. The Fall as the origin of sin refers to nothing historical. Judaism has no such concept, and the chapter examines that with respect to Paul’s Second Adam Christology. The theological interpretations of the poetic character of the Fall in both Schleiermacher and Tillich are explored before turning to the experiential heart of the doctrine: death, loss, and exile (where all boundaries are transgressed). The work of Heidegger on this constellation of themes provides a way, it is argued, of understanding ‘fallenness’, but, as with Tillich, the ideas rehearsed raise the spectre of tragedy. A theological understanding of fallenness, it is suggested, has to be understood by turning to the crucifixion and this Scriptural scene is explored through the work of the painter Francis Bacon.
Shallows and Deeps
Authors: Kerr Matthew P. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter recovers the nineteenth-century milieu for the more focused author studies that follow. It gives a discursive historical account of two marine locations characterized by their uncertain boundaries in the period: the shore-line and the deep sea. This twinned emphasis allows an exploration of the developing capacity to probe further and deeper, limning some specific contours of the marine welter. The chapter draws on mutually influential genres of sea-writing, with key works including Jane Austen’s unfinished novel about sea-bathing; the scientific treatises of Philip Henry Gosse and Charles Wyville Thomson; the popular journalism of Charles Camden (a pseudonym for Richard Rowe); Charles Kingsley’s fiction and creative non-fiction; Thomas De Quincey’s ruminations on drowning; and Rudyard Kipling’s short story ‘“Wireless”’. The discussion introduces a recurring motif: the interrelationship of the sea’s literal and symbolic meanings in the nineteenth-century cultural imaginary.
Taking note of a ‘wondrous time’
Authors: Roth Carla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces St Gall, Johannes Rütiner, and his notebooks, the Commentationes. Sixteenth-century St Gall was a small Protestant town on the border of the Swiss Confederacy. Despite its moderate size, it was well known for the abbey in its midst as well as for the production of high-quality linen which was highly sought-after all over Europe. The chapter reconstructs Rütiner’s education in St Gall and Basle as well as his career as a small-scale linen trader and office-holder in his hometown. It then discusses Rütiner’s Commentationes as part of a broader trend in St Gall that saw numerous citizens, and many of Rütiner’s friends, take up writing chronicles around the time of the Reformation. At the same time, the chapter draws attention to the many distinctive features of the Commentationes and their resistance to any conventional categorization. Written in unpolished Latin, lacking chronological order and containing a plethora of unflattering stories about St Gall’s elite—and some of Rütiner’s closest friends—the Commentationes were intended as a private memory aid, not as a chronicle to be handed down to future generations.
Informants and networks
Authors: Roth Carla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter exploits one of the most unique features of Johannes Rütiner’s Commentationes, namely the fact that Rütiner named his informants, their sources, and the context in which information was exchanged in over seventy per cent of his notebook entries. Combining these ‘references’ with evidence from St Gall’s rich archives, the chapter offers a reconstruction of Rütiner’s information network and outlines its social and geographical dimensions. The chapter argues that even educated St Gallers like Rütiner relied heavily on their personal, and overwhelmingly oral, networks to supply them with information from all over Europe, and occasionally beyond. Rütiner’s place between two powerful, well-connected and well-travelled, but fairly separate social groups within St Gall—the weavers’ guild on the one hand, and a circle of learned men and Protestant pastors on the other—therefore put him in a prime position for collecting information.
Rumour, news, and trust
Authors: Roth Carla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the circulation and reception of news in sixteenth-century St Gall. Through an analysis of sixteenth-century conceptions of fama (rumour, reputation, news) and a series of case studies relating to rumours about witchcraft in the Black Forest, a volcanic eruption in Naples, and an Ottoman–Catholic alliance, the chapter traces the processes by which fama became fact in the eyes of Rütiner and his contemporaries. Since it was usually impossible to verify news independently, St Gallers relied on an elaborate system of ‘source criticism’; a system which often worked in favour of oral news because it made people’s trust in a piece of news conditional on their trust in the messenger. St Gall’s newsmongers, in turn, used the flexibility of oral news to adjust their stories to their audience’s expectations, to present themselves and their sources as trustworthy, to hide their reliance on anonymous printed news, and to discredit their competition on the marketplace of information.