bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonetic variation in Standard English spoken by Trinidadian professionals
Authors: Westphal Michael , Lau Ka Man , Hartmann Johanna , Deuber Dagmar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the speech of 27 Trinidadian professionals (lawyers, lecturers, and politicians), who are typical speakers of Standard Trinidadian English in formal contexts, where traditionally Standard English is targeted. We investigate phonetic variation in Trinidadian English speech with regard to the varying integration of Creole features. The paper presents the results of an acoustic study of 10 vowels and an auditory analysis of three consonantal variables, using data from the Trinidad and Tobago component of the International Corpus of English.The analysis shows that exonormative influences do not play a role. Individual Trinidadian Creole features are integrated into standard speech (voiced TH-stopping, partial overlap ofbath-start-trap, partial overlap ofstrut-lot) and some realizations are identical in both codes (faceandgoat), while others are avoided (voiceless TH-stopping, the realization ofdownwith as a monophthong with a velar nasal, thecloth-thoughtmerger, and the realization ofmouthas [ɔʊ]). These results from Trinidad confirm the validity of Irvine’s (2004,2008) model of load-bearing and non load-bearing variables for the distinction between English and Creole. The conclusion highlights methodological differences to Irvine’s study and discusses an extended conceptualization of Standard English that incorporates variation along the dimension of exo- versus endonormativity.
Crack-free 2.2 μm-thick GaN grown on Si with a single-layer AlN buffer for RF device applications
Authors: Zhan Xiaoning , Liu Jianxun , Sun Xiujian , Huang Yingnan , Gao Hongwei , Zhou Yu , Li Qian , Sun Qian , Yang Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paramount issues facing commercialization of GaN-on-Si RF devices include the inevitable wafer bowing and large thermal resistance when incorporating the conventional AlN/AlGaN multilayer or superlattice buffer for stress control. The large thermal resistance due to the strong phonon scattering by the AlGaN alloy and multiple interfaces of the AlN/AlGaN multilayer or superlattice buffer must be carefully addressed, which can significantly affect the performance and reliability of GaN-on-Si RF devices. In this letter, we report a successful growth of crack-free 2 μm-thick GaN film on 6 inch high-resistivity (>10 kΩ cm) Si with a single-layer AlN buffer. By virtue of a quasi-2D GaN nucleation on the AlN buffer layer, the as-grown GaN-on-Si wafer presents a tremendous reduction in warpage from 800 to less than 8 μm, while preserving a high crystalline quality. The full width at half maximum of x-ray diffraction of GaN (0002) and (10

1
ˉ

2) planes are 457 and 509 arcsec, respectively, and the residual stress is as low as 0.2 GPa. The underlying physical mechanisms of the quasi-2D GaN nucleation layer involved in stress engineering and dislocation annihilation have been discussed in detail. This work paves the way for the fabrication of low-cost and high-performance GaN RF devices grown on HR-Si.
Design of InAs nanosheet arrays for high-performance polarization-sensitive infrared photodetection
Authors: He Jun , Huang Zhiwei , Li Ziyuan , Wong Wei Wen , Yu Yang , Huang Longsibo , Li Xi , Fu Lan , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Polarization-sensitive infrared photodetectors are widely needed to distinguish an object from its surrounding environment. Polarization-sensitive detection can be realized by using semiconductors with anisotropic geometry or anisotropic crystal arrangement, such as semiconductor nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, these photodetectors show drawbacks in low light absorption, weak polarization sensitivity and stability issues. Here, we designed 2D InAs nanosheet based arrays that are highly suitable for polarization-sensitive infrared photodetection. By using the finite element method (FEM) based on COMSOL Multiphysics, we optimized the geometry of single free-standing InAs nanosheets, obtaining dichroic ratio up to 127 (average) in the wavelength range of 2–3 μm by reducing the thickness and increasing the height. Extending this to a nanosheet array with an optimized geometry, an enhancement of the absorption intensity from 45% (for a single nanosheet) to over 67% with a dichroic ratio exceeding 50 in the wavelength range of 2–3 μm can be achieved. Moreover, these unique light absorption properties are tolerant to incident angles up to 30°. The design of such nanosheet array provides a new route for the development of high-performance infrared photodetectors for polarization photodetection.
Anharmonic lattice dynamics and structural phase transition of SnTe monolayer from first principles
Authors: Pandit Abhiyan , Hamad Bothina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work we investigate the role of quartic anharmonicity on the lattice- and thermo-dynamic properties of rectangular (

γ

) and square (β) phases of two-dimensional (2D) SnTe monolayer (ML) by using self-consistent phonon (SCP) theory, based on the first-principles calculations. For both phases, as compared to the usual harmonic approximation (HA), the renormalized phonon frequency at the optical modes (4–10) is found to be increased upon the inclusion of quartic anharmonicity via the SCP method, where the effects of cubic anharmonicity are neglected. At the experimentally observed transition temperature (T
c = 270 K), the difference in the vibrational free-energy between the square and rectangular phases of SnTe ML, calculated by using the anharmonic SCP correction is found to be much closer to the structural energy gain as compared to that obtained by using only the quasi-harmonic contribution. This validates the significance of SCP approach over the HA to explain the lattice dynamics properties and predict the T
c for SnTe ML and similar 2D compounds. The calculated lattice thermal conductivity of square SnTe ML (e.g. 10.67 W m−1K−1 at 300 K) is higher than that of the rectangular SnTe ML (e.g. 6.72 W m−1K−1 at 300 K) due to the relatively higher corresponding thermodynamic parameters: specific heat capacity, group velocity, and phonon lifetime obtained for the square SnTe ML. Particularly, the low energy phonon modes are found to transport most of the heat in the system and, hence, played major role to the total lattice thermal conductivity.
COMPACT—a new complex plasma facility for the ISS
Authors: Knapek C A , Couedel L , Dove A , Goree J , Konopka U , Melzer A , Ratynskaia S , Thoma M H , Thomas H M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Complex plasma is a state of soft matter where micrometer-sized particles are immersed in a weakly ionized gas. The particles acquire negative charges of the order of several thousand elementary charges in the plasma, and they can form gaseous, liquid and crystalline states. Direct optical observation of individual particles allows to study their dynamics on the kinetic level even in large many-particle systems. Gravity is the dominant force in ground-based experiments, restricting the research to vertically compressed, inhomogeneous clouds, or two-dimensional systems, and masking dynamical processes mediated by weaker forces. An environment with reduced gravity, such as provided on the International Space Station (ISS), is therefore essential to overcome this limitations. We will present the research goals for the next generation complex plasma facility COMPACT to be operated onboard the ISS. COMPACT is envisaged as an international multi-purpose and multi-user facility that gives access to the full three-dimensional kinetic properties of the particles.
Application of similarity laws to dual-frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas with the electrical asymmetry effect
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Huihui , Zheng Bocong , Zou Xiaobing , Wang Xinxin , Fu Yangyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Similarity laws (SLs) are useful for correlation and prediction of plasma parameters at different scales, which have been verified for geometrically symmetric capacitive radio-frequency (rf) discharges in nonlocal kinetic regimes. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of SLs to dual-frequency rf discharges and confirm that similarity relations still hold considering the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE). By simultaneously tuning the control parameters (the gas pressure p, discharge gap d, and driving frequency f), we examine the similarity relations in rf plasmas via fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations with the external circuits coupled and solved self-consistently. The validity of the SL scalings in dual-frequency rf plasmas with the EAE is confirmed for parameters such as the electron/ion density, ion flux, dc self-bias, ion energy distribution function, and power absorption. Although adjusted by the EAE, the dc self-bias and ion energy distribution functions are identified as similarity invariants under similar discharge conditions. Furthermore, the plasma series resonance phenomenon, filamentation of power depositions of electrons and ions in bulk plasma, and electric field reversal are observed in dual-frequency discharges with the EAE, which can also be exactly replicated under similar discharge conditions. The results further extend the application of SL scaling to dual-frequency rf plasmas, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the scaling characteristics in rf plasmas.
Cellular breakdown and carrier lifetimes in gold-hyperdoped silicon
Authors: Hudspeth Quentin M , Altwerger Mark , Chow Philippe K , Sher Meng-Ju , Dissanayake Sashini Senali , Yang Wenjie , Maurer Joshua , Lim Shao Qi , Williams James S , Efsthadiadis Harry , Warrender Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ion implantation of transition metals into Si, followed by pulsed laser melting and rapid solidification, shows promise for making Si devices with sub-band gap optoelectronic response. We study Si implanted with Au at doses ranging from 1015–1016 at cm−2, with all but the lowest dose exhibiting interface breakdown during solidification, resulting in heavily defected layers. Terahertz photocarrier lifetime measurements confirm that layers with breakdown show recombination lifetimes of about 100 ps, compared to 800 ps for a layer with no breakdown. Device measurements, however, show more photoresponse at 1550 nm in a layer with breakdown than in a layer without. The results suggest that avoiding breakdown may be desirable but might not necessarily be imperative for making a useful device.
Sub-bandgap photoresponse and leakage current analysis in gold thin film-hyperdoped silicon photodiodes
Authors: Chow Philippe K , Lim Shao Qi , Williams James S , Warrender Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a study of the sub-bandgap photoresponse and leakage current in gold-hyperdoped silicon photodiodes prepared using pulsed laser melting (PLM) of sub-nanometer gold films on n-type silicon substrates. Variable-temperature photo- and dark-current analysis provide insight into the role of PLM conditions on device performance. In general, we find photocurrent activation energies comparable to room temperature, suggesting a weak thermally-assisted optical photoresponse mechanism. Additionally, we establish a connection between repetitive PLM pulsing and increased device leakage current, which originates from electrically-active defects. Finally, we propose an explanation for the limited sub-bandgap external quantum efficiencies reported for hyperdoped silicon devices on the basis that the depletion layer largely does not encompass the hyperdoped layer where absorption occurs.
Anti-Hong–Ou–Mandel interference by coherent perfect absorption of entangled photons
Authors: Vetlugin Anton N , Guo Ruixiang , Soci Cesare , Zheludev Nikolay I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-photon interference, known as the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, has colossal implications for quantum technology. It was observed in 1987 with two photodetectors monitoring outputs of the beamsplitter illuminated by photon pairs: the coincidence rate of the detectors drops to zero when detected photons overlap in time. More broadly, bosons (e.g. photons) coalesce while fermions (e.g. electrons) anti-coalesce when interfering on a lossless beamsplitter. Quantum interference of bosons and fermions can be tested in a single—photonics platform, where bosonic and fermionic states are artificially created as pairs of entangled photons with symmetric and anti-symmetric spatial wavefunctions. We observed that interference on a lossy beamsplitter of a subwavelength thickness, or a coherent perfect absorber, reverses quantum interference in such a way that bosonic states anti-coalesce while fermionic states exhibit coalescent-like behavior. The ability to generate states of light with different statistics and manipulate their interference offers important opportunities for quantum information and metrology.
Characterization and evaluation of stable localized corrosion in a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy FSW joint before and after anodizing treatment
Authors: Li Kai , Yang Hong , Zou Mengting , Yang Bingyuan , Xu Huibin , Zhao Huaxia , Yin Henggang , Ma Yanlong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The microstructure and corrosion processes of a friction stir welded (FSW) 7075-T6 aluminum alloy joint, before and after anodizing surface treatment, have been characterized by advanced techniques, and the feasibility of anodizing treatment as a corrosion mitigation method has been evaluated. The results showed that different zones of the FSW joint had distinctly different microstructure and consequently different corrosion behavior in NaCl solution. Stable localized corrosion occurred in the transitional regions between the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ), and was characterized by intergranular corrosion. The intergranular corrosion was ascribed to the galvanic coupling effect between Cu-rich grain boundary precipitates and the precipitates free zones (PFZs). Although anodizing and the subsequent sealing treatments could greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the base metal, the TMAZ/HAZ transition regions still showed much higher corrosion susceptibility than other regions. The high corrosion susceptibility of the FSW joint after anodizing treatment is not ascribed to the difference of the anodic oxide film in the regions, but the heterogeneous microstructure of the alloy beneath the anodic film. The present paper has shown that the stable localized corrosion in the FSW joint is intrinsically stemmed from the welding process itself and traditional mitigation method such as anodizing treatment cannot solve the problem; more effective corrosion mitigation methods are still awaited.
Klaus Hasselmann and Economics*
Authors: Jaeger Carlo C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Klaus Hasselmann has earned the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics for his breakthroughs in analysing the climate system as a complex physical system. Since decades, as a leading climate scientist he is aware of the need for creative cooperation between climate scientists and researchers from other fields, especially economics. To facilitate such cooperation, he has designed a productive research program for economic analysis in view of climate change. Without blurring the differences between economics and physics, the Hasselmann program stresses the complexities of today’s economy. This includes the importance of heterogeneous actors and different time scales, of making major uncertainties explicit and bringing researchers and practitioners in close interaction. The program has triggered decades of collaborative research, especially in the network of the Global Climate Forum, that he has founded for this purpose. Research inspired by Hasselmann’s innovative ideas has led to a farewell to outdated economic approaches: single-equilibrium models, a single constant discount rate, framing the climate challenge as a kind of prisoner’s dilemma and framing it as a problem of scarcity requiring sacrifices from the majority of today’s population. Instead of presenting the climate problem as the ultimate apocalyptic narrative, he sees it as a challenge to be mastered. To meet this challenge requires careful research in order to identify underutilisation of human, technical and social capacities that offer the keys to a climate friendly world economy. Climate neutrality may then be achieved by activating these capacities through investment-oriented climate strategies, designed and implemented by different actors both in industrialised and developing countries. The difficulties to bring global greenhouse gas emissions down to net zero are enormous; the Hasselmann program holds promise of significant advances in this endeavour.
Quantification of lymphatic burden in patients with Fontan circulation by T2 MR lymphangiography and associations with adverse Fontan status
Authors: Vaikom House Aswathy , David Dawn , Aguet Julien , Dipchand Anne I , Honjo Osami , Jean-St-Michel Emilie , Seed Mike , Yoo Shi-Joon , Barron David J , Lam Christopher Z 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
To quantify thoracic lymphatic burden in paediatric Fontan patients using MRI and correlate with clinical status.

Methods and results
Paediatric Fontan patients (&lt;18-years-old) with clinical cardiac MRI that had routine lymphatic 3D T2 fast spin echo (FSE) imaging performed from May 2017 to October 2019 were included. ‘Lymphatic burden’ was quantified by thresholding-based segmentation of the 3D T2 FSE maximum intensity projection image and indexed to body surface area, performed by two independent readers blinded to patient status. There were 48 patients (27 males) with median age at MRI of 12.9 (9.4–14.7) years, time from Fontan surgery to MRI of 9.1 (5.9–10.4) years, and follow-up time post-Fontan surgery of 9.4 (6.6–11.0) years. Intraclass correlation coefficient between two observers for lymphatic burden was 0.96 (0.94–0.98). Greater lymphatic burden correlated with post-Fontan operation hospital length of stay and duration of chest tube drainage (rs = 0.416, P = 0.004 and rs = 0.439, P = 0.002). Median lymphatic burden was greater in patients with chylous effusions immediately post-Fontan (178 (118–393) vs. 113 (46–190) mL/m2, P = 0.028), and in patients with composite adverse Fontan status (n = 13) defined by heart failure (n = 3), transplant assessment (n = 2), recurrent effusions (n = 6), Fontan thrombus (n = 2), and/or PLE (n = 6) post-Fontan (435 (137–822) vs. 114 (51–178) mL/m2, P = 0.003). Lymphatic burden &gt; 600 mL/m2 was associated with late adverse Fontan status with sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 95%.

Conclusion
Quantification of MR lymphatic burden is a reliable tool to assess the lymphatics post-Fontan and is associated with clinical status.
Extensive Recombination-driven Coronavirus Diversification Expands the Pool of Potential Pandemic Pathogens
Authors: Goldstein Stephen A , Brown Joe , Pedersen Brent S , Quinlan Aaron R , Elde Nels C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the third zoonotic coronavirus identified in the last 20 years. Enzootic and epizootic coronaviruses of diverse lineages also pose a significant threat to livestock, as most recently observed for virulent strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and swine acute diarrhea-associated coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Unique to RNA viruses, coronaviruses encode a proofreading exonuclease (ExoN) that lowers point mutation rates to increase the viability of large RNA virus genomes, which comes with the cost of limiting virus adaptation via point mutation. This limitation can be overcome by high rates of recombination that facilitate rapid increases in genetic diversification. To compare the dynamics of recombination between related sequences, we developed an open-source computational workflow (IDPlot) that bundles nucleotide identity, recombination, and phylogenetic analysis into a single pipeline. We analyzed recombination dynamics among three groups of coronaviruses with noteworthy impacts on human health and agriculture: SARSr-CoV, Betacoronavirus-1, and SADSr-CoV. We found that all three groups undergo recombination with highly diverged viruses from undersampled or unsampled lineages, including in typically highly conserved regions of the genome. In several cases, no parental origin of recombinant regions could be found in genetic databases, demonstrating our shallow characterization of coronavirus diversity and expanding the genetic pool that may contribute to future zoonotic events. Our results also illustrate the limitations of current sampling approaches for anticipating zoonotic threats to human and animal health.
Fibronectin-LILRB4/gp49B interaction negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of RANKL-induced TRAF6/TAK1/NF–kB/MAPK signaling
Authors: Su Mei-Tzu , Ono Karin , Kezuka Dai , Miyamoto Shotaro , Mori Yu , Takai Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDysregulation of osteoclasts, the multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption, contributes to several degenerative bone disorders. Previously, we showed that blocking the leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor B4 (LILRB4), a kind of inhibitory receptor that plays an important role in immune regulation, promotes osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Here, we explored whether gp49B, the murine ortholog of LILRB4, regulates osteoclastogenesis in vivo, and whether fibronectin (FN), a ligand of LILRB4/gp49B, certainly contributes to LILRB4/gp49B-mediated osteoclastogenesis. In comparison with wild-type mice, gp49B deficiency mice exhibited a loss of trabecular bone number and an increase in osteoclast formation. Gp49B knockout improved the bone resorptive capacity of osteoclasts derived from murine Raw264.7 cells by increasing osteoclast formation. We further revealed that gp49B deficiency increased the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced signaling transduction by increasing the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, the N-terminal 30 kDa proteolytic fragments of FN promoted gp49B-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by increasing Src homology-2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) phosphorylation and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-SHP-1 association. In summary, the FN-LILRB4/gp49B interaction negatively regulates RANKL-induced TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB/MAPK signaling in osteoclastogenesis.