bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Platelet Indices as a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lahane Vivek , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil 
Published: March 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus responsible for the dreadful COVID-19 pandemic. In more severely ill COVID-19 patients, clotting complications, such as microvascular thrombi in the arteries and veins, are also shown. Although uncommon in the entire population of COVID-19 patients, DIC is present in more than 70 percent of dying patients and is therefore a critical feature of the final events that drive the vicious cycle culminating in death. SARS-CoV-2 is known to penetrate endothelial cells, and platelet recruitment to the sites of infection may be caused by the resulting endothelial injury. In the course of the disease, the subsequent activation and degranulation of platelets can exacerbate conditions. Prognosis of these patients is directly related to worsening of certain hematological indices. Total Platelet Count and other dynamic platelet related parameters in COVID-19 patients are currently at concern. This study aims to assess the platelet indices as a prognostic markers in COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: This Cross sectional study will be conducted in COVID-19 centre of AVBRH Wardha. Total 150 confirmed COVID-19 patients will be selected, and divided into two groups based on oxygen saturation. Blood samples will be collected. They will be analysed for complete blood count, platelet indices, C-reactive protein (CRP) and for other biochemical tests. Patients with complains of shortness of breath will also be evaluated for lung computed tomography (CT). Chi square test for continuous variable and Students paired t test for numerical variable will be applied. Multiple regression analysis will be applied wherever needed. SPSS 24.0 version will be used in analysis where p< 0.05 will be considered significant.
Results: We expect to find a significant correlation between mortality and different platelet indices.
Conclusion: Platelets play a vital role in prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Surveillance of platelet indices have a great prognostic value in patients with COVID-19.
Assessment of Serum Biomarkers in Oral Submucous Fibrosis for Prescription of Planned Diet: A Study Protocol
Authors: Sune Ravikant V, , Bhowate Rahul R. , Lohe Vidya K. , Meshram Mrunal G. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is common and aptly a chronic condition affecting oropharyngeal structure. Characteristically it shows burning mouth sensation, mucosal stiffness with reduced mouth opening and difficulty to eat. There are many treatment options but no single treatment has proven effective. Impairment of genomic structure by ROS may initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Physiologic antioxidants work together with exogenous antioxidants to curtail effects of ROS. Vitamins E and C are especially important among the external antioxidants. OSMF is premalignant condition and is consistently associated with betel nut and tobacco like carcinogens, so may have connotation with ROS.
Objective: To determine levels of iron, zinc, copper, vitamin A, C, E within serum of oral submucous fibrosis patients to conceptualize diet plan for different grades of OSMF according to need of the patient.
Method: The present study will be conducted in 50 cases of OSMF. Five milliliters of venous blood will be obtained of each participant from the antecubital vein using 24-gauge needle. The blood samples will be centrifuged and stored. Analysis of serum for iron, copper, zinc, and vitamins A, C and E will be done subsequently with ELISA diagnostic kits for these biomarkers respectively.
Results: Serum analysis will show low levels of iron, copper, zinc, vitamin A, C and E which may act as contributing factor in the etiology of OSMF. Depending on the deficient element, diet plan will be prepared according to the need of the patient.
Conclusion: Incidence of mouth cancer is expected to rise in near future because of increase in prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis. Altered nutritional status may be an important factor in causation of OSMF. Assessing biochemical changes will help in determining the nutritional status of patient. This will help in prescribing nutritional diet for patients suffering from OSMF.
Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis against Streptococcus mutans Compare with Chlorhexidine
Authors: Preethi G. , Dharan N. P Murali 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Propolis is a compound produced by bee’s which exerts antibacterial action against oral microorganisms especially streptococcus mutans. Propolis has different concentrations which exhibit different properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant.
Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of propolis was first demonstrated through disk diffusion method and broth dilution method. In the disk diffusion method, 5 grams of propolis was diluted with 50ml of ethanol in an eppendorf tube. Different concentrations of propolis (ie) 50mm, 40mm, 30mm were added to sterile discs using a micropipette and were exposed to the bacteria and the results were observed. In the broth dilution method, different concentrations of propolis 1g, 1.25g, 1.5g were taken and dissolved in ethanol. Then 5ml of sterile distilled water was added to the propolis solution. The above solution was autoclaved for 1 and half hours. It was then exposed to the bacteria for half an hour and results were observed.
Results: This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial activity of propolis against Streptococcus mutans in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine. When microorganisms were exposed to propolis for 24 hours, it affected the bacterial viability. There was a complete elimination of bacteria with propolis. Antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine was evaluated and a similar result was obtained. Thus when we compare the antimicrobial activity of propolis and chlorhexidine there was no significant difference with a p value of 0.01 which is statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study showed a positive inhibitory influence of propolis with respect to the Streptococcus mutans.
Intrathecal Midazolam: A Review on the Drug's Pharmacological Features, as Well as Its Therapeutic Efficacy and Side Effects
Authors: Bhuyan Deepjit , Chandak Aruna V. , Chandak Vijay , Ninave Sanjot , Verma Neeta 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia with lignocaine was highly popular earlier for short surgical procedures as it had a predictable onset and provided dense sensory and motor blockade of moderate duration. Unfortunately, some reports of neurotoxicity had cast doubts on the intrathecal use of lignocaine. Post operative pain relief is an unresolved issue. One of the methods of providing postoperative analgesia is by prolonging the duration of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) by adding various drugs such as opioids, midazolam, clonidine, ketamine, neostigmine etc. Discovery of benzodiazepine receptors in the spinal cord triggered the use of intrathecal midazolam for analgesia.
Methodology: This review article was prepared after a thorough study of the literature using data search engine such as ‘Pubmed’. This article referred to prior Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on Intrathecal Midazolam.
Review Findings: Midazolam is a potent short acting benzodiazepine that has been shown to have anti-nociceptive effects when administered intrathecally both in laboratory animals and in humans. Preservative free midazolam is also being used in recent times. As an additive to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine to prolong the quality and duration of analgesia. It is said to be associated with less side effects compared to neuraxial opioids.
Conclusion: Intrathecal midazolam can be used for postoperative pain relief. It can prolong the duration of analgesia and prolonged motor and sensory block without any significant hemodynamic compromise.
Evaluation of Reliability of Various Cephalometric Angles for Assessing Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia in Different Skeletal Pattern: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Vishwakarma Swati , Shajan Janis , Kondody Rony T. , Rajesh R. N. G. , Roy Partha Pratim , Gowda S. V. Paramesh 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study aimed to compare the reliability of different cephalometric angles like the Beta, Yen, W and Pi angles to evaluate sagittal dysplasia in various skeletal patterns and assess the correlation between the variables.
Materials and Methods: 135 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were taken and further divided into Class I, Class II and Class III groups. Each group had equal samples of 45 (n=45), based on ANB angle using Nemoceph software. Cephalometric landmarks Pi, Yen, Beta and W angle were identified and measured. Statistical analysis was done using the ANOVA test followed by Correlation coefficient analysis.
Results: Pi angle was highly predictable for differentiating class I cases, with 91.1% accuracy. Whereas in class II cases Pi and Beta angle were found to be most predictable with 73% and 66% accuracy respectively, while in class III cases Yen angle was found to be most predictable with 88% accuracy.
Conclusion: Overall Pi angle is considered the most reliable for assessing anteroposterior jaw relationship, followed by Beta and Yen angle.
An in vitro Evaluation of Effect of Remineralising Potential of Marine Skeletal Specie Meretrixmeretrix Extract on Human Enamel
Authors: Revankar Vanita Dattatraya , Saranyan R. , Chakravarthy Yadav , Manivannan E. , Rajmohan M. 
Published: March 2022

Background: To test the effectiveness of a marine skeleton specie - Meretrix meretrix (cockle shell) powder extract on human tooth enamel to remineralize a subsurface defect.
Methods: The study included 5 freshly extracted human 3rd molar teeth that were sectioned at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ). Later, each tooth coronal region was separated into four pieces of enamel blocks, yielding twenty blocks that were demineralized and categorised as follows: Cockle shell powder extract from Group I-subsurface demineralization. Group II: subsurface demineralization + clinpro application for a thirty-day period in artificial saliva. The samples were evaluated using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, micro hardness testing, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy for atomic analysis. The data was analysed using a one-way ANOVA and the Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test.
Results: In the cockle shell, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy revealed calcium concentrations of 98.3 percent and 0.21 percent, respectively. Group II (Clinpro) has the greatest potential for speeding up the remineralization process, followed by Group I: CSEP (Cockle shell extract powder). Quantitative volumes of Ca weight percent and P weight percent are statistically bigger for both groups, according to the results of atomic evaluation. The remineralisation efficiency of Group II (Clinpro) was higher than that of Group A. (mussel shell extract).
Conclusion: Enamel subsurface flaws can be remineralized using marine shells with a higher calcium content.
A Multifunctional Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Multi‐Source Driven Thermal Management, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Fire Safety Performance, Inspired by a “Brick–Mortar” Sandwich Structure
Authors: Gong Shang , Sheng Xinxin , Li Xiaolong , Sheng Mengjie , Wu Hao , Lu Xiang , Qu Jinping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of portable flexible electronic devices means a multifunctional composite film with excellent thermal management capability, high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and a strong fire safety performance is urgently required. In this paper, inspired by a “brick–mortar” sandwich structure, phase change capsules (PCCs) and MXene nanosheets are prepared. Subsequently, a one‐step vacuum‐assisted filtration method is used to fabricate a multifunctional flexible PCC/MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PMP) phase change composite film with high light‐to‐thermal conversion efficiency, Joule heating generation, fire safety, and EMI shielding effects. The superior preparation technology endows the film with multi‐source driven thermal management capabilities and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness values (43.13 dB). In addition, the PMP film exhibits good flexibility and high enthalpy (136.8 J g−1). Surprisingly, the PMP film's excellent fire safety properties improve its reliability and safety. In summary, the simple preparation technique and outstanding overall performance of the PMP films provide broad application prospects in advanced thermal management and EMI shielding in wearable products.
Histidine‐Mediated Ion Specific Effects Enable Salt Tolerance of a Pore‐Forming Marine Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Xian Wujing , Hennefarth Matthew R. , Lee Michelle W. , Do Tran , Lee Ernest Y. , Alexandrova Anastassia N. , Wong Gerard C. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) preferentially permeate prokaryotic membranes via electrostatic binding and membrane remodeling. Such action is drastically suppressed by high salt due to increased electrostatic screening, thus it is puzzling how marine AMPs can possibly work. We examine as a model system, piscidin‐1, a histidine‐rich marine AMP, and show that ion‐histidine interactions play unanticipated roles in membrane remodeling at high salt: Histidines can simultaneously hydrogen‐bond to a phosphate and coordinate with an alkali metal ion to neutralize phosphate charge, thereby facilitating multidentate bonds to lipid headgroups in order to generate saddle‐splay curvature, a prerequisite to pore formation. A comparison among Na+, K+, and Cs+ indicates that histidine‐mediated salt tolerance is ion specific. We conclude that histidine plays a unique role in enabling protein/peptide‐membrane interactions that occur in marine or other high‐salt environment.
A Noncovalent π‐Stacked Porous Organic Molecular Framework for Selective Separation of Aromatics and Cyclic Aliphatics
Authors: Chen Cheng , Guan Haiyan , Li Hengbo , Zhou Yunzhe , Huang Yougui , Wei Wei , Hong Maochun , Wu Mingyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelective separation using porous adsorbents is an energy‐efficient alternative to traditional separation techniques. Stacked porous organic molecular frameworks (POMFs) capable of noncovalent π⋅⋅⋅π interactions are emerging as a new kind of adsorbents that facilitate green separation. Here we report a robust porous molecular crystal (TAPM‐1), which is stabilized by multiple intermolecular π⋅⋅⋅π interactions. With its long‐range π‐stacking, TAPM‐1 has excellent hydrophobicity, thermostability, recyclability, and high selectivity for aromatics over the corresponding cyclic aliphatics. This enables TAPM‐1 to serve as the stationary phase in the high‐resolution gas chromatographic separation of benzene and cyclohexane or toluene and methylcyclohexane.
Strong Circularly‐Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from a Feasibly Separable Scaffold of Bidibenzo[b,d]furan with Locked Axial Chirality
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Fu Chunya , Liang Zhiwei , Zhou Kang , He Zikai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel accessible scaffold featuring circularly‐polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is attractive but challenging. Herein, we report a new feasibly separable bidibenzo[b,d]furan compound with strong circularly‐polarized RTP when doping into the rigid polymer matrix. The simple silica‐gel column can separate the absolute chiralR‐isomer with excellent chiroptical properties. The experimental data reveal that the treated films exhibit an RTP efficiency of 14.8 %, a largest dissymmetric factor of 0.12, and a longest lifetime of 0.56 s under ambient conditions. It is found that reducing the nonradiative decays boosts the intrinsic circularly‐polarized RTP emission. The impressive results indicate that the locked axial chirality skeleton endows the potential of achieving superior circularly‐polarized emission for the small organic optoelectronic molecules.
Enhancing Circulation and Tumor Accumulation of Carboplatin via an Erythrocyte‐Anchored Prodrug Strategy
Authors: Yao Houzong , Wang Zhigang , Wang Na , Deng Zhiqin , Liu Gongyuan , Zhou Jianghong , Chen Shu , Shi Jiahai , Zhu Guangyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe short circulatory half‐lives and low tumor accumulation of carboplatin greatly limit the drug's efficacy in vivo. Herein, we address these challenges by using a prodrug strategy and present the rational design of a novel platinum(IV) anticancer prodrug that can hitchhike on erythrocytes. This prodrug, designated as ERY1‐PtIV, can bind to erythrocytes efficiently and stably, possessing a circulatory half‐life 18.5 times longer than that of carboplatin in mice. This elongated circulatory half‐life enables platinum to accumulate at levels 7.7 times higher than with carboplatin, with steady levels in the tumors. As a consequence, the ERY1‐PtIV prodrug is proved to exhibit significantly enhanced antitumor activity and reduced side effects compared with carboplatin. Collectively, our novel approach highlights an efficient strategy to utilize intrinsic erythrocytes as auto‐binding carriers to enhance the tumor accumulation and subsequent antitumor efficacy of platinum drugs.
Selection of DNA Aptamers for Sensing Uric Acid in Simulated Tears
Authors: Liu Yibo , Liu Juewen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUric acid is a biomarker for a range of diseases and hyperuricemia is the cause of many diseases including gout. While most biosensors for detecting uric acid relied on enzymatic reactions, in this work a library‐immobilization method was used to obtain DNA aptamers for uric acid. After 18 rounds of selection, two representative aptamers were obtained with a Kd around 1.2 μM measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Based on their difference in binding to xanthine, which differs from uric acid by only one oxygen atom, these two aptamers have different binding orientations to uric acid. ITC also indicated that the UA‐1 aptamer specifically required a high concentration of Na+ for binding, which cannot be replaced by Li+, K+ or Mg2+. Combined ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy data indicated the need of three Na+ ions, which explained the requirement of a high Na+ concentration. The UA‐1 aptamer was engineered into a fluorescent biosensor based on the strand‐displacement reaction, resulting in a limit of detection of 90 nM uric acid. This sensor was also tested in simulated tears with a limit of detection of 350 nM uric acid.
Maternal exposure to glyphosate‐based herbicide promotes changes in the muscle structure of C57BL/6 mice offspring
Authors: Barbosa Ariadne , Zazula Matheus Felipe , Oliveira Mylena Campos de , Teleken Jakeline Liara , Costa Rose Meire , Bonfleur Maria Lucia , Torrejais Marcia Miranda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlyphosate (GBH) is a worldwide consumption pesticide and is used in the formulation of Roundup®, one of the most commercialized herbicides in the world. Maternal exposure to this herbicide can promote changes and adaptations in the offspring; however, the effects on skeletal muscle are poorly understood. In this sense, the present study sought to evaluate the effect of exposure to GBH on the characteristics of the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. C57BL/6 pregnant female mice were divided into two groups: control (CTL) receiving water and glyphosate (GBH; n = 6) receiving 0.5% glyphosate. Male puppies were designated according to the group to which the mothers belonged, such as CTL‐F1 and GBH‐F1 and then euthanized at 150 days of age. There was a reduction in body weight and nasoanal length of animals exposed to GBH, while there was an increase in EDL weight, reduction in the proportion of fibers and number of nuclei, and an increase in the connective tissue of the SOL. The animals exposed to GBH presented higher values of body characteristics, mainly adiposity gain, while they presented a reduction in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), and an increase in fibrosis in the SOL muscle, while there was a reduction in the number of nuclei, and an increase in the weight of the EDL muscle. These findings indicate that glyphosate can promote changes in the offspring's body growth, the deposition of adipose panicles and its effects on muscle can lead to changes in the structure and functioning of this tissue.
Vanadium‐catalyzed Oxidative Conversion of Primary Aromatic Alcohols into Amides and Nitriles with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Zhao Yanbin , Du Zhongtian , Guo Bairui , Shen Xiaoyu , Li Shaojie , Wang Taoyu , Liang Changhai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmides or nitriles are important building blocks because of the widespread occurrence in chemistry and biology. The development of green and efficient catalytic approaches to introduce nitrogen functionality is highly desired. Herein, a vanadium‐based material V‐N‐C‐700 was prepared via a simple and convenient method and employed for liquid‐phase catalytic ammoxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen. By using V‐N‐C‐700/2‐picolinic acid, primary aromatic alcohols was smoothly converted into the amides and nitriles in the presence of urea. The corresponding aldehydes are the key intermediates, and 2‐picolinic acid could significantly enhance oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes. The amides were formed simultaneously along with nitriles, rather than only from nitriles via successive hydration. This work further expands non‐noble metal catalysts for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
Pharmacological evaluation of the effects of enzymatically liberated fish oil on eosinophilic inflammation in animal models
Authors: Currie Crawford , Framroze Bomi , Singh Dave , Sharma Deepali , Bjerknes Christian , Hermansen Erland 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe inappropriate activation of eosinophils is a well‐recognized driver of various human inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic rhinitis, and various gastrointestinal diseases, including eosinophilic esophagitis. Steroids, both topical and systemic, remain a cornerstone of treatment and can be highly effective. However, some individuals suffer side effects, unresolved symptoms, or both. OmeGo, an enzymatically liberated fish oil, has demonstrated anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well the reduction of the activation, migration, and survival of eosinophils. Two animal models of eosinophilic inflammation were used to further assess OmeGo's profile. A house dust mite model of induced asthma showed a significant reduction in eosinophilic lung inflammation compared to the negative control, linoleic acid. The CRTH2 antagonist fevipiprant showed a similar eosinophilic inhibitory profile to OmeGo. In contrast, cod liver oil had no impact on any measure of inflammation. A guinea pig model of mild intraperitoneal eosinophilia showed a significant reduction in eosinophil activity by OmeGo, assessed by chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Apolipoprotein A‐IV, an endogenous human protein with anti‐inflammatory actions, showed a similar but numerically lower effect. OmeGo therefore combines a consistent antieosinophilic action with the known anti‐inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proof‐of‐concept studies in asthma are warranted.