bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics in Masaryk’s classification of the sciences
Authors: Svoboda Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Masaryk’s philosophical approach to reality is largely characterised by its orientation towards the positivism of Auguste Comte, which Masaryk sought to offset with the psychologism of J. S. Mill. The combination of these positivist approaches became the positive starting point for Masaryk’s ethics. But that was not the only influence on his ethics. Masaryk’s German translation of Hume’s book, titled Eine Untersuchung über die Prinzipien der Moral von David Hume (1883), reveals that the main stimuli that shaped Masaryk’s ideas about ethics came from David Hume. Although the need for scientific evidence became a fundamental principle of Masaryk’s thought, the need to objectively anchor ethics in rational theism necessitated in this area a departure from his positivist outlook. Masaryk’s lectures on practical philosophy attest to this fact. The reason for his departure from a positivist stance was due to the metaphysical nature of his concept of psychology.
M, B and Co1 are recognisable by their prime graphs
Authors: Lee Melissa , Popiel Tomasz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prime graph, or Gruenberg–Kegel graph, of a finite group 𝐺 is the graph

Γ
⁢

(
G
)

\Gamma(G)

whose vertices are the prime divisors of

|
G
|

\lvert G\rvert

and whose edges are the pairs

{
p
,
q
}

\{p,q\}

for which 𝐺 contains an element of order

p
⁢
q

pq

.
A finite group 𝐺 is recognisable by its prime graph if every finite group 𝐻 with

Γ
⁢

(
H
)

=

Γ
⁢

(
G
)

\Gamma(H)=\Gamma(G)

is isomorphic to 𝐺.
By a result of Cameron and Maslova, every such group must be almost simple, so one natural case to investigate is that in which 𝐺 is one of the 26 sporadic simple groups.
Existing work of various authors answers the question of recognisability by prime graph for all but three of these groups, namely the Monster,

M

\mathrm{M}

, the Baby Monster,

B

\mathrm{B}

, and the first Conway group,

Co
1

\mathrm{Co}_{1}

.
We prove that these three groups are recognisable by their prime graphs.
Detecting Spontaneous Neural Oscillation Events in Primate Auditory Cortex
Authors: Neymotin Samuel A. , Tal Idan , Barczak Annamaria , O’Connell Monica N. , McGinnis Tammy , Markowitz Noah , Espinal Elizabeth , Griffith Erica , Anwar Haroon , Dura-Bernal Salvador , Schroeder Charles E. , Lytton William W. , Jones Stephanie R. , Bickel Stephan , Lakatos Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrophysiological oscillations in the brain have been shown to occur as multicycle events, with onset and offset dependent on behavioral and cognitive state. To provide a baseline for state-related and task-related events, we quantified oscillation features in resting-state recordings. We developed an open-source wavelet-based tool to detect and characterize such oscillation events (OEvents) and exemplify the use of this tool in both simulations and two invasively-recorded electrophysiology datasets: one from human, and one from nonhuman primate (NHP) auditory system. After removing incidentally occurring event-related potentials (ERPs), we used OEvents to quantify oscillation features. We identified ∼2 million oscillation events, classified within traditional frequency bands: δ, θ, α, β, low γ, γ, and high γ. Oscillation events of 1–44 cycles could be identified in at least one frequency band 90% of the time in human and NHP recordings. Individual oscillation events were characterized by nonconstant frequency and amplitude. This result necessarily contrasts with prior studies which assumed frequency constancy, but is consistent with evidence from event-associated oscillations. We measured oscillation event duration, frequency span, and waveform shape. Oscillations tended to exhibit multiple cycles per event, verifiable by comparing filtered to unfiltered waveforms. In addition to the clear intraevent rhythmicity, there was also evidence of interevent rhythmicity within bands, demonstrated by finding that coefficient of variation of interval distributions and Fano factor (FF) measures differed significantly from a Poisson distribution assumption. Overall, our study provides an easy-to-use tool to study oscillation events at the single-trial level or in ongoing recordings, and demonstrates that rhythmic, multicycle oscillation events dominate auditory cortical dynamics.
Optimalisasi Potensi Seni Melalui Model Desa Binaan Berbasis Wisata Seni dan Budaya
Authors: Raharjo Eko , Arsih Utami 
Published: July 2022

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran secara komprehensif tentang, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia desa Duren kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang sebagai desa binaan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Semarang, melalui pelatihan keterampilan seni tari dan drum band dengan model desa binaan berbasis wisata seni budaya berupa kegiatan-kegiatan yang terprogram, berkelanjutan, terukur, dan memiliki nilai komersial untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Serta mendorong tumbuhnya kreativitas, motivasi dan inovasi masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadap. Berdasarkan pada permasalahan prioritas yang ada, maka solusi yang ditawarkan adalah melalui model desa binaan ini menggunakan metode Partisipatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) yaitu suatu sistem untuk menyusun dan mengembangkan program operasional dalam pembangunan tingkat desa. Enthrepreneurship Capasity Building (ECB), metode ini berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan beriwirausaha dari masyarakat agar dapat disesuaikan dengan aspek-aspek lingkungan, keetisan, kebudayaan, sosial, politik dan ekonomi masyarakat bersangkutan. Hasil pengabdian berupa peningkatan sumber daya manusia desa Duren berupa keterampilan tari anggota sanggar tari â€œjelantik sasongkoâ€ dan keterampilan bermain drum band anggota kelompok drum band â€œtri nadaâ€ desa Duren bandungan kabupaten Semarang.
Workshop dan Pendampingan Penulisan Proposal Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Minat Mahasiswa terhadap Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Authors: Arsiyana Marliza , Purwani Neli , Pudjitriherwanti Anastasya 
Published: July 2022

Kontribusi mahasiswa dalam menulis karya ilmiah di Indonesia masih sangat rendah. Padahal dengan menulis karya tulis, mahasiswa turut serta dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi demi kemajuan bangsa Indonesia. Melalui Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) yang diluncurkan DIKTI, mahasiswa diajak untuk sensitif terhadap isu-isu yang ada di sekitar mereka dan mencarikan solusi yang kreatif dan inovatif. Program dapat mengasah daya nalar mahasiswa dan melatih keterampilan mahasiswa dalam menulis karya ilmiah Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini ialah untuk menumbuhkan minat dan memberikan pelatihan kepada mahasiswa dalam menyususn proposal Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM). Pada kegiatan workshop dan pendampingan mahasiswa akan diperkenalkan mengenai jenis-jenis PKM beserta persyaratan dan tat tulis secara umum. Selain itu pula, pada workshop juga akan dibahas bagaimana menggali ide sebuah PKM melalui permasalahan yang ada di dalam masyarakat dengan berpedoman 17 isu SDGS dan 6 isu nasional. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan) mahasiswa semakin terpacu dan termotivasi untuk ikut serta dalam mengajukan proposal PKM, (2) meingkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa mengenai berbagai jenis PKM, (3) memunculkan ide-ide kreatif mahasiswa, dan (4) keterampilan mahasiswa dalam menulis proposal PKM semakin meningkat.
Variante Ómicron (BA.1) presenta menor replicación in vitro que la variante del año 2020 (B.1.1) del virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Palomino Rodriguez Miryam Guillermina , Hernández Peña Marcos , Huayanca Huancahuare Martin , Rios Monteza Pamela , Mestanza Millones Orson , Nuñez Llanos Alicia Elizabeth , Cabezas Sánchez Cesar , Garcia Mendoza Maria Paquita 
Published: July 2022

Sr. Editor,
A dos años de la pandemia de la COVID-19, a finales de junio del 2022 los peruanos estamos enfrentando la cuarta ola causada por la variante Ómicron del virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus). A diferencia de la primera ola de la COVID-19 en marzo del 2020, causada por el linaje viral B.1.1, la tercera y cuarta ola han sido causadas por los linajes y sublinajes de la variante Ómicron (1,2), los cuales se caracterizan por ser más transmisibles, pero causan la enfermedad menos grave y menor mortalidad, comportamiento observado durante la evolución epidemiológica de la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento in vitro en la replicación viral del linaje B.1.1, linaje de mayor frecuencia y persistencia en el tiempo durante la primera ola del 2020 (3), con el linaje BA.1 (variante Ómicron) de la tercera ola en el Perú, se comparó la replicación de 10 generaciones sucesivas de las 2 variantes (B.1.1 y BA.1), observándose que el linaje del 2020 se replica rápidamente in vitro, con alto título viral y causando daño celular, a diferencia de la variante Ómicron (linaje BA.1) que presenta replicación lenta causando leve daño celular. Este hallazgo podría correlacionar con la gravedad de la enfermedad observada en las olas ocasionadas por las mencionadas variantes, y contrasta con la capacidad de infección observada por las mismas, aunque otro factor que juega un rol importante es la protección inmune, sea por infecciones previas a lo que se suma la vacunación de la población.
Lixiviación en tanques abiertos de los arseniuros de una fundición de plomo en la Sierra Central, Perú
Authors: Rivera Del Valle Luis Américo , Aramburú Rojas Vidal Sixto 
Published: July 2022

El contenido de arsénico de las emisiones gaseosas de una fundición representa un grave riesgo para la salud humana, ya que éstas se reportan en los suelos y aguas circundantes. Dentro de las operaciones de una fundición, los subproductos con alto contenido de arsénico recirculan indefinidamente en lugar de ser drenados. Con la finalidad de proporcionar una alternativa ambiental, el presente trabajo de investigación evalúa el proceso de Lixiviación Ácida Oxidativa que emplea la mezcla H2SO4 - H2O2 para disolver los arseniuros, tratamiento que debe completarse con la remoción ambiental por precipitación del arsénico como Escorodita; proceso conocido y de aceptación mundial. Los parámetros óptimos obtenidos son: 240 kg/t de H2O2, concentración de 120 g/L de H2SO4, relación L/S de 9/1 y como aportante de fierro: 170 kg/t de relave de cobre, con los cuales se logran disoluciones de 56 % de As y 90 % de Cu; elemento cuya recuperación paga el proceso.
MATRIX RESOLVING FUNCTIONS IN THE LINEAR GROUP PURSUIT PROBLEM WITH FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Machtakova Alena I. , Petrov Nikolai N. 
Published: July 2022

In finite-dimensional Euclidean space, we analyze the problem of pursuit of a single evader by a group of pursuers, which is described by a system of differential equations with Caputo fractional derivatives of order \(alpha.\) The goal of the group of pursuers is the capture of the evader by at least \(m\) different pursuers (the instants of capture may or may not coincide). As a mathematical basis, we use matrix resolving functions that are generalizations of scalar resolving functions. We obtain sufficient conditions for multiple capture of a single evader in the class of quasi-strategies. We give examples illustrating the results obtained.
Sex Differences in the Recognition, Monitoring, and Management of CKD in Health Care: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Swartling Oskar , Yang Yuanhang , Clase Catherine M. , Fu Edouard L. , Hecking Manfred , Hödlmoser Sebastian , Trolle-Lagerros Ylva , Evans Marie , Carrero Juan J. 
Published: July 2022

Significance Statement
In this study of people with probable CKD accessing health care, we observed profound sex differences in detection, recognition, and monitoring that persisted over time: women were less likely to receive a CKD diagnosis, to visit a nephrologist, to have their creatinine and albuminuria measured, or to receive guideline-recommended therapies. Differences in comorbidity did not explain these discrepancies and were similar among high-risk groups, among patients with evidence-based indications for medications, and among patients with confirmed CKD at retesting. Efforts to improve and ensure equitable health care between the sexes could have important implications for justice and could reduce the burden of CKD.

Introduction
Reported sex differences in the etiology, population prevalence, progression rates, and health outcomes of people with CKD may be explained by differences in health care.

Methods
We evaluated sex as the variable of interest in a health care–based study of adults (n=227,847) with at least one outpatient eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 measurement denoting probable CKD in Stockholm from 2009 to 2017. We calculated the odds ratios for diagnosis of CKD and provision of RASi and statins at inclusion, and hazard ratios for CKD diagnosis, visiting a nephrologist, or monitoring creatinine and albuminuria during follow-up.

Results
We identified 227,847 subjects, of whom 126,289 were women (55%). At inclusion, women had lower odds of having received a diagnostic code for CKD and were less likely to have received RASi and statins, despite having guideline-recommended indications. In time-to-event analyses, women were less likely to have received a CKD diagnosis (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.45) and visited a nephrologist (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.48) regardless of disease severity, presence of albuminuria, or criteria for referral. Women were also less likely to undergo monitoring of creatinine or albuminuria, including those with diabetes or hypertension. These differences remained after adjustment for comorbidities, albuminuria, and highest educational achievement, and among subjects with confirmed CKD at retesting. Although in absolute terms all nephrology-care indicators gradually improved over time, the observed sex gap persisted.

Conclusions
There were profound sex differences in the detection, recognition, monitoring, referrals, and management of CKD. The disparity was also observed in people at high risk and among those who had guideline-recommended indications.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2022_10_11_JASN2022030373.mp3.
Public perception of water re-use: building trust in alternative water sources in Malmesbury, South Africa
Authors: Germaine Owen  , Horman Chitonge  
Published: July 2022

The recent drought in the Western Cape Province in South Africa has been marked as the worst since 1904. The drought impacted severely on the availability of bulk water supply in many parts of the Western Cape Province, particularly the Cape Town Metro and surrounding districts. In order to alleviate water scarcity, wastewater recycling (water reuse) has been identified to have the potential to augment water supplies in the province. This paper argues that although water recycling has the potential to contribute towards alleviating water scarcity, studies have shown that public perceptions greatly influence the outcome of any water recycling scheme. The study collected data using face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and the application of the Story with a Gap participatory exercise. One of the key findings is that residents have to trust the municipal competencies and systems, and this can be achieved through meaningful engagement between the municipality and residents. We argue that rolling out a water reuse scheme by starting with affluent areas increases the likelihood of acceptance among low-income communities.
Experimental investigation of the discharge coefficient of labyrinth weirs with asymmetric cycles
Authors: Hossein Elahifar  , Omid Tayari  , Najme Yazdanpanah  , Mehdi Momeni  
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the discharge coefficient in asymmetric rectangular labyrinth weirs. A dimensional analysis was carried out which showed that the discharge coefficient is a function of dimensionless parameters, such as the ratio of asymmetric widths of left and right cycles (wL/wR), the ratio of the total hydraulic head to the weir height (Ht/P), and the weir length ratio (B/wavg). The experimental results for the discharge coefficient were found to decline as wL/wR increased or B/wavg decreased. For wL/wR = 1.19, the ratio B/wavg = 2.76 improves the discharge coefficient by nearly 12.7% compared to B/wavg = 3.1. For wL/wR = 1.42, the ratio B/wavg = 2.76 improves the discharge coefficient by nearly 34.2% compared to B/wavg = 3.1. For wL/wR = 1.70, the ratio B/wavg = 2.76 improves the discharge coefficient by nearly 30% compared to B/wavg = 3.1.
Antitumor immunotherapy and COVID-19 in cancer patients
Authors: Pogodina E. A. , Shubina I. Zh. , Lobov A. V. , Ivanova P. I. , Sokolov N. Yu. 
Published: July 2022

The interaction of the innate and adaptive immunity is necessary for the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The innate immunity serves as the body’s first line of defense in a rapid and non-specific manner. The adaptive immune reaction proceeds more slowly, forming a specific response to antigens. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are very important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Alterations in the immune status leading to impaired immune responses are associated with more serious infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Patients with cancer are often immunosuppressed, both as a result of their disease and the specific treatment. As a result, they are at a more serious risk of acquiring COVID-19.The aim of the paper is to review the literature concerning the immune response to the coronavirus disease in cancer patients, particularly, those who received antitumor immunotherapy.The review considers various retrospective and prospective studies evaluating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the effectiveness of treatment and the status of patients with cancer. The researchers have found that the negative impact of the infection affects patients receiving chemotherapy, patients with hematological malignancies, lung cancer, metastatic malignant neoplasms and cancer patients with advanced cancer. The age over 65 years is recognized as a certain risk factor.Moreover, on the basis of the data on the mechanism of action of the immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and the immune response to coronavirus infection, it was assumed that immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce immunocompetence in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the existing data cannot completely support the statement that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19 causes increased mortality or morbidity with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Extensive experimental and clinical studies are required to determine the role of cancer immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.
Modern antiviral biomedical cell products and their applications for COVID-19 therapy
Authors: Chikileva I. O. , Shubina I. Zh. , Kiselevskiy M. V. 
Published: July 2022

Several types of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in a short period of time. However, the groups at risk of severe COVID-19 (the elderly, people with suppressed immunity, such as oncological patients, or organ transplantation patients) are the least likely to develop an adequate immune response to vaccination. Therefore, in order to obtain protective reactions in these groups, it is advisable to use such biomedical cell products (BMCP) as dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines loaded with SARS-CoV-2 antigens ex vivo under optimal conditions. In some cases, when vaccination has not been carried out in a timely manner and the risk of a serious disease is high, it is worth-while to take immediate measures to protect the body from the virus that has infected the organism.For this protective action lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) may be suitable. Such receptors recognize antigens using modified antibody domains, without need for presentation within molecules of major histocompatibility complex. Therefore, it is possible to use donor effector CAR lymphocytes, which were prepared in advance, for emergency needs. CAR lymphocytes are currently used primarily for tumor therapy. Until 2020, there was limited research on antiviral CAR lymphocytes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic intensification of such activities. DCs, which are considered to be the most effective antigen-presenting cells, were also originally used as anti-tumor vaccines. The safety of DC vaccines, their high effectiveness in the presentation of target antigens quickly led researchers to try using DCs also as a therapeutic agent for chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiecy virus.This review summarizes the data on antiviral BMCPs that have been developed so far, with a particular focus on products against COVID-19. It discusses how the results of previous studies can be used to increase the efficiency of anti-COVID-19 BMCP.
Influence of gender and age of patients with oral mucosa cancer on the phenotype of systemic and local immunity
Authors: Zabotina T. N. , Chertkova A. I. , Borunova A. A. , Zakharova E. N. , Shoua E. K. , Shoua I. B. , Tsiklauri V. T. , Zaderenko I. A. , Kadagidze Z. G. 
Published: July 2022

Background. The incidence of oral mucosa cancer (OMC) is higher in people over 50 years of age, and the aggressiveness of the course of the disease is higher in people under 50 years of age. In this context, it is of interest to clarify the mechanisms of immune disorders characteristic of patients of different age groups.Aim. To research systemic and local immunity in OMC patients and the relationship of peripheral blood lymphocyte population (PBLs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with the patient’s sex and age.Materials and methods. PBLs and TILs effector and suppressor populations were studied by flow cytometry in OMC patients aged 29 to 84 years.Results. The percentage of CD3-, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+T cells, regulatory CD4+CD25+CD127low/ –(CD4Treg) and CD8+CD11b–CD28–(CD8Тreg) T lymphocytes, CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells was increased in TILs compared to PBLs. The levels of cytotoxic CD8+CD11b+CD28– T lymphocytes, NK, CD8+Perforin+ and CD16+Perforin+ cells in TILs were lower than in PBLs. The relationship between the level of CD4Treg and other TILs and PBLs depended on the patient’s sex. Age-related changes in the levels of NK and CD8 T-cells were observed in men, and CD4Treg – in women.Conclusion. Local immunity in OMC patients is highly immunosuppressive. The sex of patients influences the relationship between CD4Treg and other populations of PBLs and TILs, as well as age-related changes in the OMC patients’ immune system. This investigation results can make a certain contribution to personalized treatment of patients with OMC, taking into account differences in systemic and local immunity and in the immune response to the tumor in patients of different sex and age.