bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-specific patterns of nitrogen transformations along an elevational gradient in alpine and subalpine ecosystems
Authors: Rajsz Adam , Wojtuń Bronisław , Samecka-Cymerman Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to investigate N biogeochemistry of four neighboring, high mountain plant communities and to identify main factors which drive variability among them. We hypothesized that the vegetation types differ in terms of N transformations, and that spatial differentiation of the communities and dominant growth form can reflect an existence of several N-environments along an elevational gradient.MethodsPlant and soil N characteristics were studied in four vegetation types: heathland, scrub, sward and tall forb. Leaf nitrate reductase activity and total N were measured in the dominant species. Soil pH, total C, N, inorganic and dissolved organic N concentrations were measured. The soil net N mineralization rate was examined.ResultsThe DistLM and PERMANOVA analyses revealed that variability among the vegetation types was driven primarily by elevation, soil N–NH4+, soil pH and soil total C. We identified three distinct N-environments along an elevational gradient. The “N-poor alpine” located at the highest altitudes, strongly N-limited and dominated by dwarf-shrub. The "N-mixed subalpine" located in the middle of the gradient and covered by scrub and sward. It was characterized by moderate N turnover rate. The "N-rich subalpine" occurred at lowest locations and was covered by subalpine tall forb community. It exhibited the highest dynamics of N transformations and was rich in inorganic N.ConclusionThree main N-environments were identified: N-poor alpine, N-mixed subalpine, N-rich subalpine. Variability among the vegetation types was driven primarily by elevation, soil N–NH4+, soil pH and soil total C.
Benchmarking carbon sequestration potentials in arable soils by on-farm research on innovative pioneer farms
Authors: Rosinger Christoph , Bodner Gernot , Bernardini Luca Giuliano , Huber Sabine , Mentler Axel , Sae-Tun Orracha , Scharf Bernhard , Steiner Philipp , Tintner-Olifiers Johannes , Keiblinger Katharina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Tackling the global carbon deficit through soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural systems has been a focal point in recent years. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of actual on-farm SOC sequestration potentials in order to derive effective strategies.

Methods
Therefore, we chose 21 study sites in North-Eastern Austria covering a wide range of relevant arable soil types and determined SOC pool sizes (0–35 cm soil depth) in pioneer versus conventional management systems in relation to permanently covered reference soils. We evaluated physico-chemical predictors of SOC stocks and SOC quality differences between systems using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Results
Compared to conventional farming systems, SOC stocks were 14.3 Mg ha− 1 or 15.7% higher in pioneer farming systems, equaling a SOC sequestration rate of 0.56 Mg ha− 1 yr− 1. Reference soils however showed approximately 30 and 50% higher SOC stocks than pioneer and conventional farming systems, respectively. Nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon stocks showed similar patterns. While pioneer systems could close the SOC storage deficit in coarse-textured soils, SOC stocks in medium- and fine-textured soils were still 30–40% lower compared to the reference soils. SOC quality, as inferred by FTIR spectra, differed between land-use systems, yet to a lesser extent between cropping systems.

Conclusions
Innovative pioneer management alleviates SOC storage. Actual realized on-farm storage potentials are rather similar to estimated SOC sequestration potentials derived from field experiments and models. The SOC sequestration potential is governed by soil physico-chemical parameters. More on-farm approaches are necessary to evaluate close-to-reality SOC sequestration potentials in pioneer agroecosystems.
Measurement properties of the EQ-5D in populations with a mean age of ≥ 75 years: a systematic review
Authors: Gottschalk Sophie , König Hans-Helmut , Nejad Mona , Dams Judith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Healthcare interventions for middle-old and oldest-old individuals are often (economically) evaluated using the EQ-5D to measure health-related quality of life (HrQoL). This requires sufficient measurement properties of the EQ-5D. Therefore, the current study aimed to systematically review studies assessing the measurement properties of the EQ-5D in this population.

Methods
The databases PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, and EconLit were searched for studies providing empirical evidence of reliability, validity, and/or responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in samples with a mean age ≥ 75 years. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers, and the methodological quality was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Results were rated against updated criteria for good measurement properties (sufficient, insufficient, inconsistent, indeterminate). The evidence was summarized, and the quality of evidence was graded using a modified GRADE approach.

Results
For both EQ-5D versions, high-quality evidence for sufficient convergent validity was found. Known-groups validity was sufficient for the EQ-5D-5L (high-quality evidence), whereas the results were inconsistent for the EQ-5D-3L. Results regarding the reliability were inconsistent (EQ-5D-3L) or entirely lacking (EQ-5D-5L). Responsiveness based on correlations of change scores with instruments measuring related/similar constructs was insufficient for the EQ-5D-3L (high-quality evidence). For the EQ-5D-5L, the available evidence on responsiveness to change in (Hr)QoL instruments was limited.

Conclusion
Since the responsiveness of the EQ-5D in a population of middle-old and oldest-old individuals was questionable, either using additional instruments or considering the use of an alternative, more comprehensive instrument of (Hr)QoL might be advisable, especially for economic evaluations.
Social Ties, Network Socioeconomic Diversity and Sporting Event Attendance
Authors: Rungo Paolo , Sánchez-Santos José Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous social networks are the source of valued life outcomes, and this heterogeneity is associated with different circumstances and personal attributes. This paper analyses the size and socioeconomic diversity of social networks of people who attend sporting events. The relationship between sports participation and social networks has been widely analysed. However, the role of attending sporting events in the creation of different forms of social capital, specifically networks’ socioeconomic heterogeneity, remains unclear. A better understanding of this issue may help to clarify the social impact of sports participation. Drawing on a unique dataset collected through the administration of a questionnaire to a representative sample of the Spanish population and employing an ad hoc, class-based position generator, we show that attendance to sporting events is associated with social mixing and the creation of networks of people from different occupational classes. Indeed, the size of these effects increases with the frequency of attendance. These results suggest that attending sporting events is associated with bridging social capital and may foster social integration and life opportunities for those who are less advantaged.
In Virus Veritas Lockdown and Happiness Under COVID-19
Authors: Bimonte Salvatore , Bosco Luigi , Stabile Arsenio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that individual happiness is not, or not solely, related to material possessions, at least once basic needs are fulfilled. It has been demonstrated that interpersonal relationships and social capital matter too, and people whose values are more centred on material possessions have a greater probability of being less happy. Is this still true during the COVID-19 pandemic, when interpersonal relations, health and economic security are threatened and feelings of insecurity emerge? This is the issue that we address in this paper. We exploited the unique natural situation of the pandemic and lockdown in Italy to investigate the relationship between happiness and relational and material goods. Data collected by questionnaire during the lockdown suggests that the main direct effect of the pandemic on the happiness of respondents was related to the effect of the pandemic and lockdown on interpersonal relationships. Those who declared that COVID and lockdown had jeopardized their interpersonal relationships were significantly less likely to report higher levels of happiness, especially when controlling for other personal and contextual covariates. An important gender, religious and town size effect also emerged. Moreover, relational goods and good health were considered to be the most important determinants of happiness, though people were not so worried about their own health.
Managing Risks of Climate Change on Irrigation Water in Arid Regions
Authors: Elnashar Walaa , Elyamany Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAbnormal changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide, or solar radiation are examples of climate change that may affect irrigation water demand. Studies show an increasing trend in the earth’s surface temperature, with decreasing trends in rainfall. With most studies focused on predicting the extent of climate change, fewer studies focused on developing appropriate response strategies. This paper aims to propose a systematic approach to identify, analyze, and respond to the risks of climate change on irrigation water in arid regions using the Risk Management process. The compound effect of these risks was analysed using Monte Carlo Simulation, which indicated a 69% loss in crop production due to climate change at a 90% confidence level. The proposed responses to the risks of climate change include strategies to avoid, transfer, mitigate, and/or accept these risks. The study has made three contributions to the state of the art. First, to adopt a well-recognized risk management methodology in climate change studies. Second, to quantify the compound effect of climate change risks on irrigation water in arid regions. Third, to recommend a set of response strategies to help policymakers mitigate the inevitable harmful effect of climate change on irrigation water.
Examining the regulation of motivational and comprehension-related problems during collaborative learning
Authors: Melzner Nadine , Dresel Markus , Kollar Ingo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo be able to collaborate effectively and efficiently has been described as a complex and crucial twenty-first century skill. During collaboration, however, a variety of problems may emerge that require groups to engage in effective regulation processes, which is a complex task in itself. Up to now, little is known about (a) what types of strategies learners of such groups typically apply to regulate their learning, and (b) on which social levels (self vs. co vs. shared-level) they apply these strategies to account for different kinds of problems that may surface during collaboration. To address these questions, we developed four case vignettes that described a study group during exam preparation, in which problems were systematically varied in a 2 × 2 within-subjects design (present vs. absent motivational or comprehension-related problems). Using an open-ended format, N = 278 students were asked to describe (a) the strategies they would apply, and (b) the social levels at which they would apply these strategies in each of the four problem situations. Answers were coded and quantified by aid of an in-depth, theory-based coding scheme. Results showed that students react to motivational problems with more motivational but less cognitive strategies and to comprehension-related problems with more cognitive, but a similarly high use of motivational strategies. Thus, students seem to tackle motivational problems in a more problem-sensitive way than comprehension-related problems – a finding which was found also across social levels. These findings bear important implications for process-related research on social regulation and for the design of interventions.
At Least Agree on the Important Things: The Impact of Issue Distance, Intracoalition Heterogeneity, and Salience on Voters’ Coalition Preferences
Authors: Welz Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2021 German federal election led to the formation of the so-called traffic-light coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Green Party, and the Free Democratic Party, which had never before been agreed upon at the federal level. Over a long period, German parties had competed for government in relatively clear and ideologically homogeneous camps. However, fragmentation of the party system made majorities for two-party alliances more and more unlikely, and party elites needed to reassess new partnerships. Most of these novel coalitions, like the traffic-light coalition, are also cross-cutting dimensions of political competition in Germany. This raises the question of how voters reflect upon these novel government alternatives and make up their minds about which of them they would like to see in office.In this paper, I argue that a nuanced view on issues rather than general ideology offers more precise insights on the origins of voters’ coalition preferences. Furthermore, as salience theory suggests, not every issue is equally important for every part of the citizenry. Therefore, it is expected that the effects of voter–coalition distance as well as intracoalition heterogeneity on specific issues are moderated by individuals’ saliency of the respective issues. These expectations are tested using data from the 2021 preelection cross-section survey of the German Longitudinal Election Study. The results emphasize the relevance of specific issues as well as salience in the formation of voters’ coalition preferences.
Is an Early Resumption of a Regular Diet After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Safe?
Authors: Chevallay Mickael , Gialamas Eleftherios , Giudicelli Guillaume , Vuagniaux Aurélie , Guarino Laetitia , Worreth Marc , Saillant Stéphane , Diana Michele , Saadi Alend 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

Return to a normal diet is a crucial step after bariatric surgery. Proximal anastomosis is a source of concern for early feeding as the passage of solid food through a recent anastomosis could well increase pressure and the risk of leakage. This study aims to assess the safety of an early normal diet after a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

Materials and Methods
All consecutive patients undergoing primary LRYGB between January 2015 and December 2020 were included prospectively. Three postoperative pureed diets were compared at 4 weeks, 2 weeks, and 1 week. All-cause morbidity at 90 days was the main outcome. Overall complications, severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade 3a), length of hospital stay, number of emergency, and unplanned consultations during the 3 postoperative months were recorded for each group.

Results
Three hundred and sixty-seven patients with a mean BMI of 42.10 kg/m2 (± SD: 4.78) were included. All-cause morbidity at 90 days was 11.7% (43/367) and no significant difference was observed between the 3 groups. Adjustment for patients and operative cofounders did not demonstrate any increased risk of postoperative complications between the 3 groups, with an odds ratio of 1, 1.23(95% CI [0. 55–2.75]), and 1.14 (95% CI [0.49, 2.67]) for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade 3a) and emergency or unplanned consultations were also similar in the 3 groups.

Conclusion
Return to a normal diet 1 week after LRYGB did not increase short-term morbidity and unplanned consultations. It may be safe and contribute to patient comfort.

Graphical abstract
Criticality Metrics for Automated Driving: A Review and Suitability Analysis of the State of the Art
Authors: Westhofen Lukas , Neurohr Christian , Koopmann Tjark , Butz Martin , Schütt Barbara , Utesch Fabian , Neurohr Birte , Gutenkunst Christian , Böde Eckard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today’s society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in reliably ensuring that such vehicles operate safely in open contexts. While functional safety is a well-established concept, the question of measuring the behavioral safety of a vehicle remains subject to research. One way to both objectively and computationally analyze traffic conflicts is the development and utilization of so-called criticality metrics. Contemporary approaches have leveraged the potential of criticality metrics in various applications related to automated driving, e.g. for computationally assessing the dynamic risk or filtering large data sets to build scenario catalogs. As a prerequisite to systematically choose adequate criticality metrics for such applications, we extensively review the state of the art of criticality metrics, their properties, and their applications in the context of automated driving. Based on this review, we propose a suitability analysis as a methodical tool to be used by practitioners. Both the proposed method and the state of the art review can then be harnessed to select well-suited measurement tools that cover an application’s requirements, as demonstrated by an exemplary execution of the analysis. Ultimately, efficient, valid, and reliable measurements of an automated vehicle’s safety performance are a key requirement for demonstrating its trustworthiness.
Disaster Journalism in Print Media: Analysis of the Top 10 Hydrogeomorphological Disaster Events in Portugal, 1865–2015
Authors: Antunes Michele Nacif , da Silva Pereira Susana , Zêzere José Luis , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisaster communication guidelines emphasize that journalists should be aware of past major disasters and draw lessons from the coverage of those events. The press is an important source for the evolution of historical disaster and risk research paradigms over time. This study explored the top 10 damaging hydrogeomorphological events in Portugal selected from the disaster database, which includes events that caused human damages (fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and displaced) reported over a period of 151 years (1865–2015) by the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias (DN). News analysis was guided by the news protocol. The analysis of the news published in DN enabled us to identify textual marks that present interconnections in the journalistic coverage and produce discursive standards for these disasters. The textual marks were associated with the hazard and risk paradigms. The discursive standards of DN did not clearly reflect the ruptures in the hazard paradigms. As a rule, the journalistic reports contributed to the naturalization of disasters and the gap in public understanding of risks, by presenting an approach focused on relief actions—ignoring social issues, vulnerability, and population resilience—reducing the discourse of preparedness for future disasters.
Extreme Weather Loss and Damage Estimation Using a Hybrid Simulation Technique
Authors: Doktycz Charles , Abkowitz Mark , Baroud Hiba 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHistory has shown that occurrences of extreme weather are becoming more frequent and with greater impact, regardless of one’s geographical location. In a risk analysis setting, what will happen, how likely it is to happen, and what are the consequences, are motivating questions searching for answers. To help address these considerations, this study introduced and applied a hybrid simulation model developed for the purpose of improving understanding of the costs of extreme weather events in the form of loss and damage, based on empirical data in the contiguous United States. Model results are encouraging, showing on average a mean cost estimate within 5% of the historical cost. This creates opportunities to improve the accuracy in estimating the expected costs of such events for a specific event type and geographic location. In turn, by having a more credible price point in determining the cost-effectiveness of various infrastructure adaptation strategies, it can help in making the business case for resilience investment.
The development of a high-performance Ni-superalloy additively manufactured heat pipe
Authors: Li Sheng , Essa Khamis , Carr James , Chiwanga States , Norton Andrew , Attallah Moataz M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditively manufacturing (AM) has been used to manufacture fine structures with structured/engineered porosity in heat management devices. In this study, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was used to manufacture a high-performance Ni-superalloy heat pipe, through tailoring LPBF process parameters to fabricate thin wall and micro-channel. By using novel laser scanning strategies, wick structure heat pipes with maximised surface-area-to-volume ratio, fine features size around 100 µm, and controlled porosity were successfully fabricated. Microscopy and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) were used to investigate the 3D structure of the void space within the pipe. Wick test results showed that most of the heat pipes made by LPBF had better performance than the conventionally manufactured pipes. This study also investigated the influences of the process parameters on the porosity volume fraction and the feature size. The results showed that LPBF process could fabricate thin structure due to the change of melt pool contact angle. The relationship between process parameters and bead size reported in this study could help design and manufacture heat pipe with complex fine structure.
Zero-shot domain paraphrase with unaligned pre-trained language models
Authors: Chen Zheng , Yuan Hu , Ren Jiankun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutomatic paraphrase generation is an essential task of natural language processing. However, due to the scarcity of paraphrase corpus in many languages, Chinese, for example, generating high-quality paraphrases in these languages is still challenging. Especially in domain paraphrasing, it is even more difficult to obtain in-domain paraphrase sentence pairs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for domain-specific paraphrase generation in a zero-shot fashion. Our approach is based on a sequence-to-sequence architecture. The encoder uses a pre-trained multilingual autoencoder model, and the decoder uses a pre-trained monolingual autoregressive model. Because these two models are pre-trained separately, they have different representations for the same token. Thus, we call them unaligned pre-trained language models. We train the sequence-to-sequence model with an English-to-Chinese machine translation corpus. Then, by inputting a Chinese sentence into this model, it could surprisingly generate fluent and diverse Chinese paraphrases. Since the unaligned pre-trained language models have inconsistent understandings of the Chinese language, we believe that the Chinese paraphrasing is actually performed in a Chinese-to-Chinese translation manner. In addition, we collect a small-scale English-to-Chinese machine translation corpus in the domain of computer science. By fine-tuning with this domain-specific corpus, our model shows an excellent capability of domain-paraphrasing. Experiment results show that our approach significantly outperforms previous baselines regarding Relevance, Fluency, and Diversity.