bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Epinephrine Use in Pediatric Anaphylaxis by Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Lowing Dena , Chung SunHee , Luk Jeffrey , Dingeldein Leslie 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Anaphylaxis requires prompt assessment and management with epinephrine to reduce its morbidity and mortality. This study examined the prehospital management of pediatric anaphylactic reactions in Northeast Ohio.

Methods
This is a retrospective chart review using emergency medical service (EMS) run charts of patients 18 years and younger from February 2015 to April 2019. Patient charts with the diagnosis of “anaphylaxis” or “allergic reaction” were reviewed and confirmed that symptoms met anaphylaxis criteria. Information regarding epinephrine administration before EMS arrival and medications given by EMS providers was collected. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.

Results
From 646 allergic/anaphylactic reaction EMS run charts, 150 (23%) met the guideline criteria for anaphylaxis. The median patient age was 12 years. Only 57% (86/150) of these patients received intramuscular epinephrine, and the majority received it before EMS arrival. Epinephrine was administered by EMS to 32% (30/94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.7% to 42.3%) of patients who had not already received epinephrine. The odds of receiving prehospital epinephrine were significantly lower for patients 5 years and younger (risk difference [RD], −0.23; 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.04), those with no history of allergic reaction (RD, −0.20; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.03), those who presented with lethargy (RD, −0.43; 95% CI, −0.79 to −0.06), and those whose trigger was a medication or environmental allergen (RD, −0.47; 95% CI, −0.72 to −0.23 for each).

Conclusions
Emergency medical service providers in this region demonstrated similar use of epinephrine as reported elsewhere. However, 43% (64/150) of pediatric patients meeting anaphylaxis criteria did not receive prehospital epinephrine, and 10% (15/150) received no treatment whatsoever. Efforts to improve EMS provider recognition and prompt epinephrine administration in pediatric cases of anaphylaxis seem necessary.
Standardized Scoring Tool and Weaning Guideline to Reduce Opioids in Critically Ill Neonates
Authors: Vyas Dipen , Quinones Cardona Vilmaris , Carroll Amanda , Markel Catherine , Young Megan , Fleishman Rachel 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Pain impacts brain development for neonates, causing deleterious neurodevelopmental outcomes. Prescription opioids for analgesia or sedation are common; however, prolonged opioid exposure in neonates is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. Balancing the impact of inadequate pain control against prolonged opioid exposure in neonates is a clinical paradox. Therefore, we sought to decrease the average days of opioids used for analgesia or sedation in critically ill neonates at a level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by 10% within 1 year.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary quality improvement team used the model for improvement, beginning with a Pareto analysis, and identified a lack of consistent approach to weaning opioids as a primary driver for prolonged exposure. The team utilized 2 main interventions: (1) a standardized withdrawal assessment tool-1 and (2) a risk-stratified opioid weaning guideline.

Results:
We demonstrated a reduction in mean opioid duration from 34.3 to 14.1 days, an increase in nursing withdrawal assessment tool-1 documentation from 20% to 90%, and an increase in the documented rationale for daily opioid dose in provider notes from 20% to 70%. Benzodiazepine use did not change.

Conclusion:
Standardized withdrawal assessments combined with risk-stratified weaning guidelines can decrease opioid use in critically ill neonates.
Striking Size Reduction of Rapidly Growing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Metastatic Nodal Conglomerate After Only 2 Cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Somoza Eduardo A. , Duan Heying , Shaheen Shagufta , Fischer George A. , Aparici Carina Mari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE has shown great treatment efficacy in patients with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and a metastatic size reduction of ~20% for metastatic lesions <3 cm in size. We present a 66-year-old man with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, who had a rapidly growing metastatic nodal conglomerate, which measured close to 10 cm in size. After only 2 cycles of PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE, the nodal conglomerate had a striking size reduction greater than 75%. This case highlights the potential efficacy of PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE for treatment of aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Genomic architecture and functional unit of mimicry supergene in female limited Batesian mimicPapiliobutterflies
Authors: Komata Shinya , Kajitani Rei , Itoh Takehiko , Fujiwara Haruhiko 
Published: June 2022

It has long been suggested that dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry of two closely relatedPapiliobutterflies,Papilio memnonandPapilio polytes,is controlled by supergenes. Whole-genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies and functional analyses have recently identified mimicry supergenes, including thedoublesex (dsx)gene. Although supergenes of both the species are composed of highly divergent regions between mimetic and non-mimetic alleles and are located at the same chromosomal locus, they show critical differences in genomic architecture, particularly with or without an inversion:P.polyteshas an inversion, butP.memnondoes not. This review introduces and compares the detailed genomic structure of mimicry supergenes in twoPapiliospecies, including gene composition, repetitive sequence composition, breakpoint/boundary site structure, chromosomal inversion and linkage disequilibrium. Expression patterns and functional analyses of the respective genes within or flanking the supergene suggest thatdsxand other genes are involved in mimetic traits. In addition, structural comparison of the corresponding region for the mimicry supergene among furtherPapiliospecies suggests three scenarios for the evolution of the mimicry supergene between the twoPapiliospecies. The structural features revealed in thePapiliomimicry supergene provide insight into the formation, maintenance and evolution of supergenes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences’.
Inversions and parallel evolution
Authors: Westram Anja M. , Faria Rui , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger , Barton Nick 
Published: June 2022

Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species. In many systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving parallel phenotypic evolution. Understanding the genomic basis of local adaptation and parallel evolution is a major goal of evolutionary genomics. It is now known that by preventing the break-up of favourable combinations of alleles across multiple loci, genetic architectures that reduce recombination, like chromosomal inversions, can make an important contribution to local adaptation. However, little is known about whether inversions also contribute disproportionately to parallel evolution. Our aim here is to highlight this knowledge gap, to showcase existing studies, and to illustrate the differences between genomic architectures with and without inversions using simple models. We predict that by generating stronger effective selection, inversions can sometimes speed up the parallel adaptive process or enable parallel adaptation where it would be impossible otherwise, but this is highly dependent on the spatial setting. We highlight that further empirical work is needed, in particular to cover a broader taxonomic range and to understand the relative importance of inversions compared to genomic regions without inversions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences’.
Genomic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history and reproduction of the Paleogene relictual Kingdonia (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales)
Authors: Sun Yanxia , Zhang Xu , Zhang Aidi , Landis Jacob B. , Zhang Huajie , Sun Hang , Xiang Qiu-Yun (Jenny) , Wang Hengchang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAsexual lineages are perceived to be short-lived on evolutionary timescales due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. Hence reports for exceptional cases of putative ‘ancient asexual’ species usually raise doubts about whether such species are recently derived or engage in some undocumented sexual reproduction. However, there have been few studies to solve the mystery. The monotypic Kingdonia dating to the early Eocene, contains only K. uniflora that has no known definitive evidence for sexual reproduction nor records for having closely related congeneric sexual species, seeming to have persisted under strict asexuality for long periods of time. In this study, we use population genomic analyses to test for reproduction mode and infer the evolutionary process and mechanisms facilitating the survival of the species. Our results indicate the presence of three differentiating genetic lineages within the species and support that asexual reproduction in K. uniflora indicated by high allelic heterozygosity had occurred prior to the lineage differentiation (∼0.5 mya). We also detected DNA recombination events in some populations, in line with occurrence of unseen and unevenly distributed sexual reproduction among populations. However the observation of high linkage disequilibrium, relatively high ratio of πN/πS (nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide diversity), together with high allelic heterozygosity suggest the sexual reproduction is infrequent. Furthermore, we found that genes containing SNPs with elevated Fst values are significantly enriched in functions associated with seed development, suggesting differentiation in genes regulating seed development is likely to be the key reason of the uneven distribution of sexual reproduction in K. uniflora. Evidence from our study supports predominate asexual reproduction in K. uniflora, but unseen sexual reproduction must have played a key role to ensure the long-term survival of the lineage in general. Uneven distribution of sexual reproduction in the species may be a key factor underlying the observed genetic differentiation between populations. This study provides novel insights into the reproduction and evolution of Kingdonia, a relict lineage evolved in the Paleogene and known for asexual reproduction, and demonstrate the power of data from population genome sequencing in resolving long-standing evolutionary questions.
GWAS identifies candidate regulators of in planta regeneration in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Nagle Michael F. , Yuan Jialin , Kaur Damanpreet , Ma Cathleen , Peremyslova Ekaterina , Jiang Yuan , de Rivera Alexa Niño , Jawdy Sara , Chen Jin-Gui , Feng Kai , Yates Timothy B. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Muchero Wellington , Fuxin Li , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant regeneration is an important dimension of plant propagation, and a key step in the production of transgenic plants. However, regeneration capacity varies widely among genotypes and species, the molecular basis of which is largely unknown. While association mapping methods such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have long demonstrated abilities to help uncover the genetic basis of trait variation in plants, the power of these methods relies on the accuracy and scale of phenotypic data used. To enable a largescale GWAS ofin plantaregeneration in model treePopulus, we implemented a workflow involving semantic segmentation to quantify regenerating plant tissues (callus and shoot) over time. We found the resulting statistics are of highly non-normal distributions, which necessitated transformations or permutations to avoid violating assumptions of linear models used in GWAS. While transformations can lead to a loss of statistical power, we demonstrate that this can be mitigated by the application of the Augmented Rank Truncation method, or avoided altogether using the Multi-Threaded Monte Carlo SNP-set (Sequence) Kernel Association Test to compute empiricalp-values in GWAS. We report over 200 statistically supported candidate genes, with top candidates including regulators of cell adhesion, stress signaling, and hormone signaling pathways, as well as other diverse functions. We demonstrate that sensitive genetic discovery for complex developmental traits can be enabled by a workflow based on computer vision and adaptation of several statistical approaches necessitated by to the complexity of regeneration trait expression and distribution.
Markonv: a novel convolutional layer with inter-positional correlations modeled
Authors: Li Jing-Yi , Tan Yuhao , Wen Zheng-Yang , Kang Yu-Jian , Ding Yang , Gao Ge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks equipped with convolutional neural layers have been widely used in omics data analysis. Though highly efficient in data-oriented feature detection, the classical convolutional layer is designed with inter-positional independent filters, hardly modeling inter-positional correlations in various biological data. Here, we proposed Markonv layer (Markov convolutional neural layer), a novel convolutional neural layer with Markov transition matrices as its filters, to model the intrinsic dependence in inputs as Markov processes. Extensive evaluations based on both synthetic and real-world data showed that Markonv-based networks could not only identify functional motifs with inter-positional correlations in large-scale omics sequence data effectively, but also decode complex electrical signals generated by Oxford Nanopore sequencing efficiently. Designed as a drop-in replacement of the classical convolutional layer, Markonv layers enable an effective and efficient identification for inter-positional correlations from various biological data of different modalities. All source codes of a PyTorch-based implementation are publicly available on GitHub for academic usage.
Single cell transcriptomics reveals functionally specialized vascular endothelium in brain
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Woo , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Arf Hendrik , Song Jian , Park Hongryeol , Kruse Kai , Sorokin Lydia , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the entry of leukocytes and potentially harmful substances from the circulation into the central nervous system (CNS). While BBB defects are a hallmark of many neurological disorders, the cellular heterogeneity at the neurovascular interface and the mechanisms governing neuroinflammation are not fully understood. Through single cell RNA sequencing of non-neuronal cell populations of the murine cerebral cortex during development, adulthood, ageing and neuroinflammation, we identify reactive endothelial venules (REVs), a compartment of specialised post-capillary endothelial cells (ECs) that are characterized by consistent expression of cell adhesion molecules, preferential leukocyte transmigration, association with perivascular macrophage populations, and endothelial activation initiating CNS immune responses. Our results provide novel insights into the heterogeneity of the cerebral vasculature and a useful resource for the molecular alterations associated with neuroinflammation and ageing.
Decarbonization strategy of businesses, stock return performance and investment styles: a systematic review
Authors: Ghosh Namrata , Gupta Dipti 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a systematic review of the research focusing on the decarbonization strategy of businesses, stock return performance, and investment styles.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes bibliometric methods and content analysis to present a broad overview of the research on the association between decarbonization strategies in businesses and financial performance in the last few decades. The final dataset contains 272 records published between 2001 and early 2021, available in the Web of Science (WoS) database.FindingsThe authors find a relatively small number of publications before 2010 and the research focus increases only after 2016. There exists limited knowledge on the links between climate change strategies and firm performance till date. The top management journals have also failed to respond to the importance of decarbonization strategies in firms and their relationship with stock returns and investment styles. Furthermore, there is a limited indication of publications from ecology and the environmental sciences, in general, being included or cited by the business and management research studies, thus highlighting weak network linkages between the two fields.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to the literature on decarbonization strategies of businesses, and the strategies' relation with firm performance by consolidating the extant research and thus finding the research gaps and research areas that require further investigation.Practical implicationsFor the industry professionals, this research provides a comprehensive repository of articles on incorporating decarbonization strategies in industry professionals' decisions on improving firm performance.Originality/valueThis paper examines the history and development of themes, related to firms' emission mitigation strategies, firm performance and investment styles, across the journal articles in the WoS database published from 2001 to early 2021. In addition, the authors highlight research directions and the need for research on sustainable strategies in businesses, stock return, and investment styles.
Inventory management practices at a big-box retailer: a case study
Authors: Esrar Haya , Zolfaghariania Hossein , Yu Hong 
Published: June 2022

PurposeManaging inventory continues to be a growing area of concern for many retailers due to the multitude of issues that arise from either an excess or shortage of inventory. This study aims to understand how a large-scale retail chain can improve its handling of excess seasonal inventory using three common strategies: information sharing, visibility, and collaboration.Design/methodology/approachThis study has been designed utilizing a case study method focusing on one retail chain at three key levels: strategic (head office), warehouses, and retail stores. The data have been collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with senior-level employees at each of the three levels and employing a thematic analysis to examine the major themes.FindingsThe results show how three common strategies are being practiced by this retailer and how utilizing these strategies aids the retailer in improving its performance in regard to seasonal inventory. Among our research findings, some challenges were discovered in implementing the strategies, most notably: human errors, advanced forecasting deficiencies, and the handling of return merchandise authorizations.Originality/valueThis research takes a case study approach and focuses on one big-box retailer. The authors chose to study three levels (head office, warehouses, and retail stores) to gain a deeper understanding of the functions and processes of each level, and to understand the working relationships between them. Through the collection of primary data in a Canadian context, this study contributes to the literature by investigating supply chain strategies for managing inventory. The Canadian context is especially interesting due to the multi-cultural demographics of the country.
Investigating building information modeling acceptance in the Chinese AECO industry
Authors: Xue Xiaolong , Sun Xiliang , Xue Weirui , Wang Yaxin , Liao Longhui 
Published: June 2022

PurposeConscious of the benefits building information modeling (BIM) has brought about to the architecture, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry, the Chinese government has been driving BIM adoption. Nonetheless, its acceptance and proliferation in China remain stagnant. Most relevant literature focuses on BIM diffusion at the industry and organizational levels, but the impact of non-managerial practitioners executing BIM or the traditional drafting approach in day-to-day work tends to be disregarded. This study aims to extend theoretical models pertaining to technology acceptance to understand non-managerial practitioners’ perceptions toward working with BIM in China.Design/methodology/approachA new BIM acceptance model was proposed based on previous technology acceptance theories. After a pilot study, a survey was conducted with 153 non-managerial practitioners in the Chinese AECO industry.FindingsAmong factors impacting non-managerial practitioners’ BIM acceptance in China, performance expectancy and task-technology fit significantly and positively influence behavioral intention to accept BIM, while the impacts from effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions are not essential.Research limitations/implicationsManagement strategies, such as improving non-managerial staff’s benefits and sense of BIM usefulness, selecting suitable tools to match with the staff’s tasks and promoting a middle-out approach in parallel with top-down interventions, are proposed for Chinese AECO organizations to enhance BIM acceptance.Originality/valueFew studies have explored BIM acceptance from the perspective of non-managerial users in the Chinese AECO industry, especially using the theories related to technology acceptance. The BIM acceptance model developed in this study is different from those used in previous global studies in terms of influencing factors.