bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling old on Facebook: an autoethnographic analysis of ageism among younger people towards their peers
Authors: sm-Rahman Atiqur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPopulation aging and the proliferation of numerous social networking sites such as Facebook (FB) have necessitated different approaches to investigating age-based discrimination called ageism. Although the current evidence provided information on younger adults’ attitudes towards older adults, little is known about the younger individuals’ attitudes towards their peers in a digital sphere. This autoethnographic study, conducted in November 2020, aimed at understanding younger FB user’s (n = 37) attitudes towards their peers, and the manifestation of plausible digital facets of ageism. I posted a public status using a specific FB feature calledfeeling oldon my FB Wall and analyzed the comments (both emoticons and textual) by others in relation to the post/status. The study is guided by the theoretical lens of symbolic and interpretive anthropology. Results showed (a) younger FB users have age stereotyped negative attitudes towards their peers considering the FB status, and (b) emoticons used in comments expressed more negative attitudes towards old age compared to the textual comments. Both findings indicated potential connection to an internalized sense of ‘young’ and ‘old’ that embedded in socially grounded age stereotypes. Future and more research on digital platforms can be carried out targeting younger adults’ attitudes towards their own age group in order to understand the risk of emergence of ‘digital ageism’.
An Improved Sea Lion Optimization for Workload Elasticity Prediction with Neural Networks
Authors: Nguyen Binh Minh , Tran Trung , Nguyen Thieu , Nguyen Giang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe work in this paper presents a study into nature-inspired optimization applied to workload elasticity prediction using neural networks. Currently, the trend is for proactive decision support in increasing or decreasing the available resource in cloud computing. The aim is to avoid overprovision leading to resource waste and to avoid resource under-provisioning. The combination of optimization and neural networks has potential for the performance, accuracy, and stability of the prediction solution. In this context, we initially proposed an improved variant of sea lion optimization (ISLO) to boost the efficiency of the original in solving optimization problems. The designed optimization results are validated against eight well-known metaheuristic algorithms on 20 benchmark functions of CEC’2014 and CEC’2015. After that, improved sea lion optimization (ISLO) is used to train a hybrid neural network. Finally, the trained neural model is used for resource auto-scaling based on workload prediction with 4 real and public datasets. The experiments show that our neural network model provides improved results in comparison with other models, especially in comparison with neural networks trained using the original sea lion optimization. The proposed ISLO proved efficiency and improvement in solving problems ranging from global optimization with swarm intelligence to the prediction of workload elasticity.
Effects of immune cells and cytokines on the endometrial immune microenvironment in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ye Zhenhong , Zhao Jie , Li Rong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. More and more studies have shown that PCOS patients were often accompanied by obesity, insulin resistance and chronic, low-grade inflammation, which were closely related to the endometrial dysfunction. Besides, obesity and insulin resistance also exacerbate inflammatory responses. Therefore, this review provides a summary of the effects of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines on the immune microenvironment of PCOS endometrium, and the impacts of obesity and insulin resistance on endometrial inflammatory homeostasis and possible drug interventions.
Characterization of Clasts in the Glen Torridon Region of Gale Crater Observed by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover
Authors: Khan Sabrina Y. , Stack Kathryn M. , Yingst R. Aileen , Bergmann Kristin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe morphology and composition of clasts have the potential to reveal the nature and extent of erosional processes acting in a region. Dense accumulations of granule‐ to pebble‐sized clasts covering the ground throughout the Glen Torridon region of Gale crater on Mars were studied using data acquired by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover between sols 2300 and 2593. In this study, measurements of shape, size, texture, and elemental abundance of unconsolidated granules and pebbles within northern Glen Torridon were compiled. Nine primary clast types were identified through stepwise hierarchical clustering, all of which are sedimentary and can be compositionally linked to local bedrock, suggesting relatively short transport distances. Several clast types display features associated with fragmentation along bedding planes and existing cracks in bedrock. These results indicate that Glen Torridon clasts are primarily the product of in‐situ physical weathering of local bedrock.
Influence of Fault Architecture on Induced Earthquake Sequence Evolution Revealed by High‐Resolution Focal Mechanism Solutions
Authors: Qin Yan , Chen Xiaowei , Chen Ting , Abercrombie Rachel E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increasing seismicity and improved seismic observation network in recent years provide an opportunity to explore factors that influence the triggering processes, spatiotemporal evolution, and maximum magnitude of induced sequences. We map the fault architecture and stress state of four induced sequences in Oklahoma to determine their influence on the seismicity. We systematically relocate the earthquakes and compute hundreds of focal mechanisms of small to medium events (1.0 < M < 5.1) using various techniques, including machine learning, for the Guthrie, Woodward, Cushing, and Fairview sequences. The detailed fault geometry and spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity and stress states reveal different dominant driving forces for each sequence. In Cushing and Fairview (largest event ≥M5.0), the main fault structures are near‐vertical narrow strike‐slip faults, with most of the small earthquake fault planes optimally oriented. The two sequences exhibit discontinuous temporal migration but strong earthquake self‐driven rupture growth. In Guthrie and Woodward (largest event <M5.0), the two sequences show more complex diffuse fault structures with varying dipping angles along depth. The inverted focal mechanisms show a mix of strike‐slip faulting and normal faulting in both sequences, and the normal faulting events are less optimally oriented than strike‐slip events. The two sequences are dominated by continuous diffusive migration in time driven by pore pressure propagation. The above results suggest that fault architecture and stress state influence sequence evolution, major driving forces, and possibly maximum magnitude.
The Influence of Synoptic Weather Patterns on Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ozone Pollution Across Pearl River Delta of Southern China
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Nan , Wang Gang , Wang Zaihua , Chen Hui , Cheng Chunlei , Li Mei , Zheng Lianming , Wu Liqing , Zhang Qianhua , Tang Mei , Huang Bo , Wang Xuemei , Zhou Zhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTropospheric ozone (O3) pollution is becoming the primary obstacle to the improvement of air quality in China, especially in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Because O3 pollution episodes are closely related to synoptic weather patterns (SWPs), historical episodes (from 2006 to 2019) were classified according to SWPs using the Lamb‐Jenkinson method. Monitoring network and weather reanalysis data, emission inventories, and satellite retrievals were used to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and influences of O3 pollution. It was found that easterly (P_E), anticyclone (P_A), and typhoon‐related (P_NE) SWPs accounted for 75% of all O3 pollution episodes. In the PRD, the O3 formation mechanism showed clear differences under different SWPs, which were affected by local emissions under P_A, whereas regional transmission dominated under P_E and P_NE. The O3 peak concentration was strongly associated with temperature, solar radiation, and shifting of the sea‐land breeze. A delayed shift of land to sea breeze caused by SWPs often caused the O3 peak to appear in the late afternoon. Finally, stepwise regression was used to explain individual meteorological parameters contributing to O3 formation. It was found that the formation of O3 pollution under P_E and P_NE was associated with increases in temperature and radiation, while P_A was mainly affected by the increase of the overnight accumulation of O3. This study advances our knowledge of the formation mechanism of O3 pollution and provides scientific support for effective O3 pollution control.
The Impact of Gravity‐Driven Sedimentation on Reshaping the Huanghe (Yellow River) Delta Front
Authors: Liu Shihao , Goff John A. , Gao Shu , Feng Aiping , Wang Ya Ping , Jia Jianjun , Hu Weifen , Feng Wei , Yu Yonggui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany of the world's mega‐river deltas are currently degrading due to a shortage of sediment supply feeding their construction. Here, using bathymetric and seismic data, the geomorphological/sedimentary evolution on and near a recently abandoned (1976 CE) Huanghe delta lobe is investigated. The delta front (DF) exhibits a lobe switching‐controlled pattern of progradation followed by mass wasting on the upper front, and redeposition at the seaward toe of the front; the latter process appears to be associated with sediment failure and contributes to delta degradation. During degradation, mass wasting‐driven deepening of the upper DF was initially up to ∼0.86 m/yr from 1978 to 1985 CE, slowed to ∼0.12 m/yr from 1985 to 2000 CE, and has been negligible since. In either prograding or degrading, gravity‐driven sedimentation results in a downlapping seismic unit superimposed on the bottomset of an earlier converging clinoform, with numerous buried/exposed submarine channels at its seaward terminus. These units exhibit a shore‐parallel elongated and continuous geometry, suggesting lateral spreading, which we attribute to alongshore hydrodynamic (especially tidal) remolding. Our findings underscore the significance of sediment gravity flows in the evolution of a degrading delta front, particularly as a principal mechanism of downslope mass transport that gentled (halving the gradient) and reshaped the DF over time. Gravity‐driven accumulations sourced from upper DF collapse can account for ∼1/3 of the previous DF and laterally extend over an unexpectedly large area (∼60‐km long) through hydrodynamic redistribution. Both processes should be considered for modeling other subaqueous deltas.
Polygenic heterogeneity in antidepressant treatment and placebo response
Authors: Nøhr Anne Krogh , Forsingdal Annika , Moltke Ida , Howes Oliver D. , Vitezic Morana , Albrechtsen Anders , Dalby Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe genetic architecture of antidepressant response is poorly understood. Polygenic risk scores (PRS), exploration of placebo response and the use of sub-scales might provide insights. Here, we investigate the association between PRSs for relevant complex traits and response to vortioxetine treatment and placebo using clinical scales, including sub-scales and self-reported assessments. We collected a clinical test sample of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients treated with vortioxetine (N = 907) or placebo (N = 455) from seven randomized, double-blind, clinical trials. In parallel, we obtained data from an observational web-based study of vortioxetine-treated patients (N = 642) with self-reported response. PRSs for antidepressant response, psychiatric disorders, and symptom traits were derived using summary statistics from well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Association tests were performed between the PRSs and treatment response in each of the two test samples and empirical p-values were evaluated. In the clinical test sample, no PRSs were significantly associated with response to vortioxetine treatment or placebo following Bonferroni correction. However, clinically assessed treatment response PRS was nominally associated with vortioxetine treatment and placebo response given by several secondary outcome scales (improvement on HAM-A, HAM-A Psychic Anxiety sub-scale, CPFQ & PDQ), (P ≤ 0.026). Further, higher subjective well-being PRS (P ≤ 0.033) and lower depression PRS (P = 0.01) were nominally associated with higher placebo response. In the self-reported test sample, higher schizophrenia PRS was significantly associated with poorer self-reported response (P = 0.0001). The identified PRSs explain a low proportion of the variance (1.2–5.3%) in placebo and treatment response. Although the results were limited, we believe that PRS associations bear unredeemed potential as a predictor for treatment response, as more well-powered and phenotypically similar GWAS bases become available.
Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell survival
Authors: Myo Min Kay K. , Rojas-Canales Darling , Penko Daniella , DeNichilo Mark , Cockshell Michaelia P. , Ffrench Charlie B. , Thompson Emma J. , Asplund Olof , Drogemuller Christopher J. , Prasad Rashmi B. , Groop Leif , Grey Shane T. , Thomas Helen E. , Loudovaris Thomas , Kay Thomas W. , Mahoney My G. , Jessup Claire F. , Coates P. Toby , Bonder Claudine S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we studied pancreata from healthy adult donors and investigated a single cell surface adhesion molecule, desmoglein-2 (DSG2). Genetically-modified mice lackingDsg2were examined for islet cell mass, insulin production, responses to glucose, susceptibility to a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of hyperglycaemia, and ability to cure diabetes in a syngeneic transplantation model. Herein, we have identified DSG2 as a previously unrecognized adhesion molecule that supports β-cells. Furthermore, we reveal thatDSG2is within the top 10 percent of all genes expressed by human pancreatic islets and is expressed by the insulin-producing β-cells but not the somatostatin-producing δ-cells. In aDsg2loss-of-function mice (Dsg2lo/lo), we observed a significant reduction in the number of pancreatic islets and islet size, and consequently, there was less total insulin content per islet cluster.Dsg2lo/lomice also exhibited a reduction in blood vessel barrier integrity, an increased incidence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and islets isolated fromDsg2lo/lomice were more susceptible to cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis. Following transplantation into diabetic mice, islets isolated fromDsg2lo/lomice were less effective than their wildtype counterparts at curing diabetes. In vitro assays using the Beta-TC-6 murine β-cell line suggest that DSG2 supports the actin cytoskeleton as well as the release of cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, our study suggests that DSG2 is an under-appreciated regulator of β-cell function in pancreatic islets and that a better understanding of this adhesion molecule may provide new opportunities to combat type 1 diabetes.
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) as an epigenetic regulator of fatty acid metabolism genes and ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Minghua , Liu Ke , Chen Pan , Zhu Hongyi , Wang Junjie , Huang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReprogramming lipid metabolism is considered a fundamental step in tumourigenesis that influences ferroptosis. However, molecular mechanisms between lipid metabolism and ferroptosis remain largely unknown. Results from the drug screening of 464 inhibitors (for 164 targets) applied to ferroptosis cells indicated that 4 inhibitors targeted bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) significantly inhibiting erastin-induced ferroptosis. Functional studies proved that the loss of BRD4 weakened oxidative catabolism in mitochondria, protecting cells from the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides. Mechanism research revealed that the transcriptional levels of fatty acid metabolism-related genes (HADH, ACSL1 and ACAA2) participating in the β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAO) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) synthesis depended on the activity of super-enhancers (SEs) formed by BRD4 and HMGB2 in their promoter regions. Conclusively, this study demonstrated that BRD4 was indispensable for fatty acid metabolism based on its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and affecting erastin-induced ferroptosis, providing a new theoretical reference for understanding the relationship between lipid metabolism and ferroptosis deeply.
The impact of phosphorus on projected Sub-Saharan Africa food security futures
Authors: Magnone Daniel , Niasar Vahid J. , Bouwman Alexander F. , Beusen Arthur H. W. , van der Zee Sjoerd E. A. T. M. , Sattari Sheida Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa must urgently improve food security. Phosphorus availability is one of the major barriers to this due to low historical agricultural use. Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) indicate that only a sustainable (SSP1) or a fossil fuelled future (SSP5) can improve food security (in terms of price, availability, and risk of hunger) whilst nationalistic (SSP3) and unequal (SSP4) pathways worsen food security. Furthermore, sustainable SSP1 requires limited cropland expansion and low phosphorus use whilst the nationalistic SSP3 is as environmentally damaging as the fossil fuelled pathway. The middle of the road future (SSP2) maintains today’s inadequate food security levels only by using approximately 440 million tonnes of phosphate rock. Whilst this is within the current global reserve estimates the market price alone for a commonly used fertiliser (DAP) would cost US$ 130 ± 25 billion for agriculture over the period 2020 to 2050 and the farmgate price could be two to five times higher due to additional costs (e.g. transport, taxation etc.). Thus, to improve food security, economic growth within a sustainability context (SSP1) and the avoidance of nationalist ideology (SSP3) should be prioritised.
The cell-free DNA methylome captures distinctions between localized and metastatic prostate tumors
Authors: Chen Sujun , Petricca Jessica , Ye Wenbin , Guan Jiansheng , Zeng Yong , Cheng Nicholas , Gong Linsey , Shen Shu Yi , Hua Junjie T. , Crumbaker Megan , Fraser Michael , Liu Stanley , Bratman Scott V. , van der Kwast Theodorus , Pugh Trevor , Joshua Anthony M. , De Carvalho Daniel D. , Chi Kim N. , Awadalla Philip , Ji Guoli , Feng Felix , Wyatt Alexander W. , He Housheng Hansen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and metastatic lesions are highly heterogeneous and difficult to biopsy. Liquid biopsy provides opportunities to gain insights into the underlying biology. Here, using the highly sensitive enrichment-based sequencing technology, we provide analysis of 60 and 175 plasma DNA methylomes from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer, respectively. We show that the cell-free DNA methylome can capture variations beyond the tumor. A global hypermethylation in metastatic samples is observed, coupled with hypomethylation in the pericentromeric regions. Hypermethylation at the promoter of a glucocorticoid receptor geneNR3C1is associated with a decreased immune signature. The cell-free DNA methylome is reflective of clinical outcomes and can distinguish different disease types with 0.989 prediction accuracy. Finally, we show the ability of predicting copy number alterations from the data, providing opportunities for joint genetic and epigenetic analysis on limited biological samples.
Structural insights into light-driven anion pumping in cyanobacteria
Authors: Astashkin R. , Kovalev K. , Bukhdruker S. , Vaganova S. , Kuzmin A. , Alekseev A. , Balandin T. , Zabelskii D. , Gushchin I. , Royant A. , Volkov D. , Bourenkov G. , Koonin E. , Engelhard M. , Bamberg E. , Gordeliy V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransmembrane ion transport is a key process in living cells. Active transport of ions is carried out by various ion transporters including microbial rhodopsins (MRs). MRs perform diverse functions such as active and passive ion transport, photo-sensing, and others. In particular, MRs can pump various monovalent ions like Na+, K+, Cl−, I−, NO3−. The only characterized MR proposed to pump sulfate in addition to halides belongs to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 and is named Synechocystis halorhodopsin (SyHR). The structural study of SyHR may help to understand what makes an MR pump divalent ions. Here we present the crystal structure of SyHR in the ground state, the structure of its sulfate-bound form as well as two photoreaction intermediates, the K and O states. These data reveal the molecular origin of the unique properties of the protein (exceptionally strong chloride binding and proposed pumping of divalent anions) and sheds light on the mechanism of anion release and uptake in cyanobacterial halorhodopsins. The unique properties of SyHR highlight its potential as an optogenetics tool and may help engineer different types of anion pumps with applications in optogenetics.
Integration of Hi-C with short and long-read genome sequencing reveals the structure of germline rearranged genomes
Authors: Schöpflin Robert , Melo Uirá Souto , Moeinzadeh Hossein , Heller David , Laupert Verena , Hertzberg Jakob , Holtgrewe Manuel , Alavi Nico , Klever Marius-Konstantin , Jungnitsch Julius , Comak Emel , Türkmen Seval , Horn Denise , Duffourd Yannis , Faivre Laurence , Callier Patrick , Sanlaville Damien , Zuffardi Orsetta , Tenconi Romano , Kurtas Nehir Edibe , Giglio Sabrina , Prager Bettina , Latos-Bielenska Anna , Vogel Ida , Bugge Merete , Tommerup Niels , Spielmann Malte , Vitobello Antonio , Kalscheuer Vera M. , Vingron Martin , Mundlos Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStructural variants are a common cause of disease and contribute to a large extent to inter-individual variability, but their detection and interpretation remain a challenge. Here, we investigate 11 individuals with complex genomic rearrangements including germline chromothripsis by combining short- and long-read genome sequencing (GS) with Hi-C. Large-scale genomic rearrangements are identified in Hi-C interaction maps, allowing for an independent assessment of breakpoint calls derived from the GS methods, resulting in >300 genomic junctions. Based on a comprehensive breakpoint detection and Hi-C, we achieve a reconstruction of whole rearranged chromosomes. Integrating information on the three-dimensional organization of chromatin, we observe that breakpoints occur more frequently than expected in lamina-associated domains (LADs) and that a majority reshuffle topologically associating domains (TADs). By applying phased RNA-seq, we observe an enrichment of genes showing allelic imbalanced expression (AIG) within 100 kb around the breakpoints. Interestingly, the AIGs hit by a breakpoint (19/22) display both up- and downregulation, thereby suggesting different mechanisms at play, such as gene disruption and rearrangements of regulatory information. However, the majority of interpretable genes located 200 kb around a breakpoint do not show significant expression changes. Thus, there is an overall robustness in the genome towards large-scale chromosome rearrangements.