bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for COPD in subjects with preserved ratio impaired spirometry
Authors: Kanetake Rina , Takamatsu Kazufumii , Park Kaechang , Yokoyama Akihito 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been found to be caused by impairment of lung development. Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is thought to be a subtype of lung growth impairment and is associated with COPD. PRISm is heterogeneous and the prevalence and progression to COPD are not yet clear. To prove this, we examined the association by using the medical check-up data.MethodsThis retrospective study included medical check-up subjects who visited the Kochi Medical Check-up Clinic at least twice for both period 1 (P1) (2014–2016) for the first visit and period 2 (P2) (2017–2019) for the final visit. The mean duration between visits was 1042±323 days. COPD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1):forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio <lower limit of normal (LLN), and PRISm was defined as an FEV1:FVC ratio >LLN and per cent forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1) (FEV1/predicted FEV1) of <80% without bronchodilators in this study.ResultsOf 1672 subjects (mean age±SD 56.5±9.5), 976 (58.4%) were male. The prevalence of PRISm was 10.5% in P1 and 8.9% in P2. The percentage of subjects who progressed to COPD was higher in PRISm than in the normal lung function group (OR 2.62, p=0.014). In logistic regression analysis, PRISm was an independent risk factor for developing COPD (OR 3.75, p<0.001). The best cut-off value of %FEV1for prediction of progression to COPD was 86%. The proportion of the PRISm group increased (23.6%) in this cut-off.ConclusionThe prevalence of PRISm was around 10% but increased up to 23.6% at the best cut-off for progression to COPD, and careful follow-up is necessary in these groups even if FEV1/FVC is normal.
Mutation burden-orthogonal tumor genomic subtypes delineate responses to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Takamatsu Shiro , Hamanishi Junzo , Brown J B , Yamaguchi Ken , Yamanoi Koji , Murakami Kosuke , Gotoh Osamu , Mori Seiichi , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn cancer therapy, higher-resolution tumor-agnostic biomarkers that predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are needed. Mutation signatures reflect underlying oncogenic processes that can affect tumor immunogenicity, and thus potentially delineate ICI treatment response among tumor types.MethodsBased on mutational signature analysis, we developed a stratification for all solid tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Subsequently, we developed a new software (Genomic Subtyping and Predictive Response Analysis for Cancer Tumor ICi Efficacy, GS-PRACTICE) to classify new tumors submitted to whole-exome sequencing. Using existing data from 973 pan-cancer ICI-treated cases with outcomes, we evaluated the subtype-response predictive performance.ResultsSystematic analysis on TCGA samples identified eight tumor genomic subtypes, which were characterized by features represented by smoking exposure, ultraviolet light exposure, APOBEC enzyme activity,POLEmutation, mismatch repair deficiency, homologous recombination deficiency, genomic stability, and aging. The former five subtypes were presumed to form an immune-responsive group acting as candidates for ICI therapy because of their high expression of immune-related genes and enrichment in cancer types with FDA approval for ICI monotherapy. In the validation cohort, the samples assigned by GS-PRACTICE to the immune-reactive subtypes were significantly associated with ICI response independent of cancer type and TMB high or low status.ConclusionsThe new tumor subtyping method can serve as a tumor-agnostic biomarker for ICI response prediction and will improve decision making in cancer treatment.
Tumor cell SYK expression modulates the tumor immune microenvironment composition in human cancer via TNF-α dependent signaling
Authors: Aguirre-Ducler Adam , Gianino Nicole , Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Desai Shruti , Tang Daiwei , Zhao Hongyu , Syrigos Konstantinos , Trepicchio William L , Kannan Karuppiah , Gregory Richard C , Schalper Kurt A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe expression of SYK in cancer cells has been associated with both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive effects. Despite being proposed as anticancer therapeutic target, the possible role of SYK in modulating local adaptive antitumor immune responses remains uncertain. Using detailed analysis of primary human tumors and in vitro models, we reveal the immunomodulatory effect of SYK protein in human solid cancer.MethodsWe spatially mapped SYK kinase in tumor cells, stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) in 808 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) from two cohorts and in 374 breast carcinomas (BCs) from two independent cohorts. We established the associations of localized SYK with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes. The immunomodulatory role of SYK on tumor cells was assessed using in vitro cytokine stimulation, transcriptomic analysis and selective SYK blockade using a small molecule inhibitor. Functional responses were assessed using cocultures of tumor cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes. T cell responses in baseline and post-treatment biopsies from patients with BC treated with a SYK inhibitor in a phase I clinical trial were also studied.ResultsElevated tumor cell or leukocyte SYK expression was associated with high CD4+and CD8+TILs and better outcome in both NSCLC and BC. Tumor cell SYK was associated with oncogenic driver mutations in EGFR or KRAS in lung adenocarcinomas and with triple negative phenotype in BC. In cultured tumor cells, SYK was upregulated by TNFα and required for the TNFα-induced proinflammatory responses and T cell activation. SYK blockade after nivolumab in a phase I clinical trial including three patients with advanced triple negative BC reduced TILs and T cell proliferation. Our work establishes the proinflammatory function of tumor cell SYK in lung and breast cancer. SYK signaling in cultured tumor cells is required for T cell activation and SYK blockade limits adaptive antitumor immune responses and tumor rejection in patients with cancer.ConclusionsTogether, our results establish the immunomodulatory role of SYK expression in human solid tumors. This information could be used to develop novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic strategies.
Transradial versus transfemoral arterial approach for cerebral angiography and the frequency of embolic events on diffusion weighted MRI
Authors: Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , de Villiers Laetitia , Hughes Ian , Ford Alexis , Rapier Cheryl , Rice Hal 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe radial artery approach has become popular as a ‘radial first’ strategy for arterial access in neuroangiography and neurointerventions. Recent studies have shown that transradial arterial access (TRA) for cerebral angiography has been associated with reduced access site complication rates and improved patient satisfaction compared with transfemoral access (TFA). The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of abnormal MRI diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) foci following DSA and correlate their frequency with TRA or TFA.MethodsWe prospective analyzed 200 consecutive adult DSAs performed from January 2021 to January 2022, at a single tertiary center.ResultsOf the 200 consecutive diagnostic cerebral angiograms, 51% were performed via TRA and 49% were performed via TFA. Of the TRA cerebral angiograms, 17.5% demonstrated at least one hyperintense focus on MRI DWI. Of the TFA procedures, 5.2% were considered positive. One patient (0.5%) in the TRA group experienced a minor neurologic deficit postoperatively that had not completely resolved at 90 days after the procedure and no neurologic deficits occurred in the TFA group.ConclusionsDespite the proven benefit of TRA over TFA in neurointervention, the number of MRI DWI restriction foci were significantly more frequent during cerebral angiography when TRA was selected. Although the number of clinically symptomatic events were minimal, the widespread use of the technique may become clinically relevant. Further studies contrasting the TRA and TFA techniques will be beneficial for cerebral angiography.
Intrasaccular flow disruption for ruptured aneurysms: an international multicenter study
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Dibas Mahmoud , Adeeb Nimer , Regenhardt Robert W , Vranic Justin E , Guenego Adrien , Lay Sovann V , Renieri Leonardo , Al Balushi Ali , Shotar Eimad , Premat Kevin , El Naamani Kareem , Saliou Guillaume , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Lylyk Ivan , Foreman Paul M , Vachhani Jay A , Župančić Vedran , Hafeez Muhammad U , Rutledge Caleb , Rai Hamid , Tutino Vincent M , Mirshani Shervin , Ghozy Sherief , Harker Pablo , Alotaibi Naif M , Rabinov James D , Ren Yifan , Schirmer Clemens M , Goren Oded , Piano Mariangela , Kuhn Anna Luisa , Michelozzi Caterina , Elens Stephanie , Starke Robert M , Hassan Ameer , Salehani Arsalaan , Nguyen Anh , Jones Jesse , Psychogios Marios , Spears Julian , Parra-Fariñas Carmen , Bres Bullrich Maria , Mayich Michael , Salem Mohamed M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jankowitz Brian T , Domingo Ricardo A , Huynh Thien , Tawk Rabih , Ulfert Christian , Lubicz Boris , Panni Pietro , Puri Ajit S , Pero Guglielmo , Griessenauer Christoph J , Asadi Hamed , Siddiqui Adnan , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C , Du Rose , Kan Peter , Kalousek Vladimir , Lylyk Pedro , Boddu Srikanth Reddy , Stapleton Christopher J , Knopman Jared , Jabbour Pascal , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Clarençon Frédéric , Limbucci Nicola , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H , Cognard Christophe , Patel Aman B , Dmytriw Adam A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a novel intrasaccular flow disruptor tailored for bifurcation aneurysms. We aim to describe the degree of aneurysm occlusion at the latest follow-up, and the rate of complications of aneurysms treated with the WEB device stratified according to rupture status.MethodsOur data were taken from the WorldWideWeb Consortium, an international multicenter cohort including patients treated with the WEB device. Aneurysms were classified into two groups: ruptured and unruptured. We compared clinical and radiologic outcomes of both groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to match according to age, gender, bifurcation, location, prior treatment, neck, height, dome width, daughter sac, incorporated branch, pretreatment antiplatelets, and last imaging follow-up.ResultsThe study included 676 patients with 691 intracranial aneurysms (529 unruptured and 162 ruptured) treated with the WEB device. The PSM analysis had 55 pairs. In both the unmatched (85.8% vs 84.3%, p=0.692) and matched (94.4% vs 83.3%, p=0.066) cohorts there was no significant difference in the adequate occlusion rate at the last follow-up. Likewise, there were no significant differences in both ischemic and hemorrhagic complications between the two groups. There was no documented aneurysm rebleeding after WEB device implantation.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in both the radiologic outcomes and complications between unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Our findings support the feasibility of treatment of ruptured aneurysms with the WEB device.
Total hip and knee arthroplasty after lower extremity amputation in a military population
Authors: Li Alexander Dan-Fong , Eccleston C T , Abraham V , Balazs G C , Goldman A H 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe military includes lower extremity amputees requiring arthroplasty; however, there is little literature on this population. The primary aim of this study was to report demographics and clinical factors in amputees who undergo total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) in the Military Health System (MHS). Second, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reported.MethodsThe Military Data Repository was queried for patients with lower extremity amputations and TKA or THA between 1 October 2014 and 12 October 2020. The medical records were reviewed and patients were contacted to complete PROMs. Mean follow-up for TKA and THA was 5.5 and 2.5 years, respectively.ResultsNineteen TKAs (76%) and eight THAs (28%) were performed in 25 patients. Mean age of TKA and THA patients at the time of arthroplasty was 57 years old. A majority of TKA (68%) and THA (57%) patients underwent amputations secondary to trauma. Nearly all TKAs were performed on the contralateral side to the amputation (95%), while half of THAs were performed on the ipsilateral side (50%). Two THAs (29%) were revised due to periprosthetic fractures, whereas six TKAs (32%) were revised or reoperated on due to infection. Ten TKA patients completed PROMs. The mean score on Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) was 41.8 and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global-10 (PROMIS-10) was 41.6 (Global Physical Health) and 49.6 (Global Mental Health).ConclusionsMost TKAs were performed on the contralateral limb, suggesting increased demand on the joint. The most common indication for amputation and post-TKA complication was trauma and infection, respectively. KOOS JR may not accurately capture the outcomes of this population, or they simply do worse. However, PROMIS-10 scores were similar to the non-amputee population, suggesting that the PROMIS-10 may be more useful than the KOOS JR.
Comparison between idiopathic and VEXAS-relapsing polychondritis: analysis of a French case series of 95 patients
Authors: Khitri Mohamed-Yacine , Guedon Alexis F , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Terrier Benjamin , Saadoun David , Seguier Julie , le Besnerais Maelle , De Moreuil Claire , Denis Guillaume , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Allain Jean Sebastien , Maria Alexandre , Bouillet Laurence , Grobost Vincent , Galland Joris , Kosmider Olivier , Dumont Anael , Devaux Mathilde , Subran Benjamin , Schmidt Jean , Marianetti-Guingel Paola , Audia Sylvain , Palat Sylvain , Roux-Sauvat Marielle , Jachiet Vincent , Hirsch Pierre , Fain Olivier , Mekinian Arsène 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveA new adult-onset autoinflammatory syndrome has been described, named VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic). We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, the laboratory features and the outcomes between idiopathic-relapsing polychondritis (I-RP) and VEXAS-relapsing polychondritis (VEXAS-RP).MethodsPatients from French retrospective multicentre cohort of RP were separated into two groups: a VEXAS-RP and an I-RP.ResultsCompared with patients with I-RP (n=40), patients with VEXAS-RP (n=55) were men (96% vs 30%, p<0.001) and were older at diagnosis (66 vs 44 years, p<0.001). They had a greater prevalence of fever (60% vs 10%, p<0.001), of skin lesions (82% vs 20%, p<0.001), of ocular involvement (57% vs 28%, p=0.01), of pulmonary infiltrates (46% vs 0%, p<0.001), of heart involvement (11% vs 0%, p=0.0336) and with higher median C-reactive protein levels (64 mg/L vs 10 mg/L, p<0.001). Seventy-five per cent of the patients with VEXAS-RP had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) versus none in I-RP group. The glucocorticoids use, and the number of steroid sparing agents were similar in both groups, but patients with VEXAS-RP had more frequent refractory disease (remission obtained in 27% vs 90%, p<0001). VEXAS-RP was associated with higher risk of death: six patients (11%) died in the VEXAS-RP group after a median follow-up of 37 months and none in the I-RP group after a median follow-up of 92 months (p<0.05).ConclusionWe report the largest cohort of VEXAS-RP, characterised by high prevalence of male sex, fever, skin lesion, ocular involvement, pulmonary infiltration, heart involvement, older age and MDS association.
Study of generalized Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi spacetime in Palatini f(R) gravity
Authors: Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Farwa U. , Galal Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate the continuation of Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) space-time for dissipative dust configuration in the direction of Palatini f(R) theory. In this context, the generalized form of field and dynamical equations will be formulated. We explore the effects of kinematical variables and curvature invariant on our proposed fluid configuration. The significance of Palatini f(R) scalar variables computing through the orthogonal splitting of Riemann-tensor for dissipative dust spheres will be reported. Furthermore, two subcases of LTB space-time have been carried out to note down its symmetric aspects. It is revealed that extended LTB space-time has characteristics comparable to that of LTB and computed scalar variables in both situations have identical dependance on source profile even under the effects of Palatini technique.
Non-monotonic dependence of heat loads induced by electron cloud on bunch population at the LHC
Authors: Skripka Galina , Iadarola Giovanni , Mether Lotta , Rumolo Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectron cloud effects are among the main performance limitations for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider with 25 ns bunch spacing. Electrons impacting on the beam screens of the superconducting magnets induce a significant heat load reaching values close to the full cooling capacity available from the cryogenic system in some LHC sectors. To better understand this performance limitation, numerical simulations with the PyECLOUD code were performed to study the dependence of the heat load on different beam and machine parameters, in particular the bunch population, which is foreseen to be considerably increased with the impending HL-LHC upgrade. The simulations predict a complex, non-monotonic behavior of the heat load with bunch population which has important implications in defining the upgrade of the cryogenic system required for coping with HL-LHC beam intensities. An in-depth analysis of the simulation results shows that the non-monotonic dependence of the heat load on the bunch population is driven by an interplay between the spectrum of the impacting electrons and the shape of the Secondary Electron Yield curve. Experimental data were collected at the LHC during normal operation and dedicated experiments in order to validate the simulation model and confirm the expected non-monotonic behavior. The simulation results are found to reproduce very well the measurement data.
A general two-stage initialization for sag-free deformable simulations
Authors: Hsu Jerry , Truong Nghia , Yuksel Cem , Wu Kui 
Published: July 2022

Initializing simulations of deformable objects involves setting the rest state of all internal forces at the rest shape of the object. However, often times the rest shape is not explicitly provided. In its absence, it is common to initialize by treating the given initial shape as the rest shape. This leads to sagging, the undesirable deformation under gravity as soon as the simulation begins. Prior solutions to sagging are limited to specific simulation systems and material models, most of them cannot handle frictional contact, and they require solving expensive global nonlinear optimization problems.
We introduce a novel solution to the sagging problem that can be applied to a variety of simulation systems and materials. The key feature of our approach is that we avoid solving a global nonlinear optimization problem by performing the initialization in two stages. First, we use a global linear optimization for static equilibrium. Any nonlinearity of the material definition is handled in the local stage, which solves many small local problems efficiently and in parallel. Notably, our method can properly handle frictional contact orders of magnitude faster than prior work. We show that our approach can be applied to various simulation systems by presenting examples with mass-spring systems, cloth simulations, the finite element method, the material point method, and position-based dynamics.
ThreatNet: advanced threat detection, region-based convolutional neural network framework
Authors: Singh Anurag , Kumar Naresh , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: July 2022

It is critical for many countries to ensure public safety in detecting and identifying threats in a night, <span lang="EN-US">commercial places, border areas and public places. Majority of past research in this area has focused on the use of image-level categorization and object-level detection techniques. As an X-ray and thermal security image analysis strategy, object separation can considerably improve automatic threat detection when used in conjunction with other techniques. In order to detect possible threats, the effects of introducing segmentation deep learning models into the threat detection pipeline of a large imbalanced X-ray and thermal dataset were investigated. With the purpose of boosting the number of true positives discovered, a faster regional convolutional neural network (R-CNN) model was trained on a balanced dataset to identify probable hazard zones in X-ray and thermal security pictures. In order to get the final results, we combined the two models i.e faster R-CNN with Mask RCNN into a single detection pipeline using the transfer learning technique, which outperforms baseline and end-to-end instance segmentation methods using less number of the practical dataset, with mAPs ranging from 94.88 percent to 91.40 percent helps in detecting the person with guns, knives, pliers to avoid cross border threats.</span>
Hybrid machine learning approach for anomaly detection
Authors: Lok Lai Kai , Abdul Hameed Vazeerudeen , Ehsan Rana Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

This research aims to <span lang="EN-US">improve anomaly detection performance by developing two variants of hybrid models combining supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques. Supervised models cannot detect new or unseen types of anomaly. Hence in variant 1, a supervised model that detects normal samples is followed by an unsupervised learning model to screen anomaly. The unsupervised model is weak in differentiating between noise and fraud. Hence in variant 2, the hybrid model incorporates an unsupervised model that detects anomaly is followed by a supervised model to validate an anomaly. Three different datasets are used for model evaluation. The experiment is begun with 5 supervised models and 3 unsupervised models. After performance evaluation, 2 supervised models with the highest F1-Score and one unsupervised model with the best recall value are selected for hybrid model development. The variant 1 hybrid model recorded the best recall value across all the experiments, indicating that it is the best at detecting actual fraud and less likely to miss it compared to other models. The variant 2 hybrid model can improve the precision score significantly compared to the original unsupervised model, indicating that it is better in separating noise from fraud,</span>