bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of very low birth weight in India: The National Family Health Survey – 4
Authors: Scaria Liss , Soman Biju , George Babu , Ahamed Zulfikar , Hariharan Sankar , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: May 2022

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is susceptible to neonatal complications, chronic medical conditions, and neurodevelopmental disabilities. We aim to describe the determinants of very low birth weight (VLBW) in India and compare it with the determinants of LBW based on the National Family Health Survey – 4 (NHFS-4) Methods Data from the NFHS-4 on birthweight and other socio-demographic characteristics for the youngest child born in the family during the five years preceding the survey were used. Data of 147,762 infant–mother pairs were included. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to delineate the independent predictors of VLBW (birth weight<1500 g) or LBW (birth weight: 1500-2499 g). Results Of the 147,762 children included in the study, VLBW and LBW were observed in 1.2% and 15.8% of children, respectively. The odds of VLBW were higher in female children (aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.60), among mothers aged 13–19 years (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22–2.07), mothers with severe or moderate anaemia (aOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.34–1.94), mothers without recommended antenatal care (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31–1.90), maternal height less than 150 cm (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.29–1.85) and among mothers with multiple pregnancy (aOR: 21.34, 95% CI: 14.70–30.96) in comparison to their corresponding counterparts. In addition to the variables associated with VLBW, educational status of mothers (no education; aOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.15 and primary education; aOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.25), caste of the children (scheduled tribe; aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24), and wealthiness of the family (poorest wealth quintiles; aOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.19) were associated with LBW. Conclusions Interventions targeting improvements in antenatal care access, maternal health, and nutritional status may reduce the number of VLBW infants. Social determinants of LBW require further detailed study to understand the high propensity of low birth-weight phenotypes in the disadvantaged communities in India.
FEATURES AND PRINCIPLES OF USING BILINGUALISM IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Uranova Valeria V. , Bliznyak Olga V. , Mazhitova Marina V. , Isyakaeva Ralina R. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. This work is devoted to the discussion of the main features and principles of the bilingual educational process, which is a promising area of science in the modern information space. The paper reflects the conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the educational process, implemented in Russian, English and French.
The purpose of the study was determined by the need to identify the features and principles of the development of bilingual education.
Methods. The study and analysis were carried out by the method of questioning among Russian-speaking and foreign students, as well as in the course of collecting statistical data presented in the LiftUp software and methodological complex. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature in this area was carried out.
Results. The study revealed that positive dynamics in the study of a foreign language by students is achieved through the introduction of bilingualism in the educational process. The expansion of mass transnational communications makes it possible to exchange information on a bilingual basis, which is an important factor in the functioning of a single social space.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used as the main parameters in the creation of new methods and forms of the educational process in educational institutions.
Conclusion. It was found that the introduction of bilingual education into the educational environment is relevant and promising for all students, since bilingualism opens up new professional opportunities and contributes to greater erudition and competence of future specialists. In addition, it promotes intercultural interaction of students and allows you to expand the world community through the international integration of countries.
THE ROLE OF A COMMUNICATIVE TASK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AT THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
Authors: Shpak Natalya O. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Modern higher education is aimed at the formation of students’ soft skills, giving them the opportunity to work successfully in a competitive environment and market instability of 21st century. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of a communicative task and reveal psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the concept “4C” including such key competences as communication, creativity, critical thinking and cooperation.
Research methods. The research was carried out by the analysis of scientific, educational and methodological literature and pedagogical experience in the formation of professional competences for undergraduates.
Results. The article shows that during the process of dialogic foreign language speech the students get favorable conditions for the development of soft skills. Under this educational process foreign language speech-thinking activity is successfully realized through generation of ideas and arguments aimed at the joint communicative task solution. The obtained results contribute to the methodology and technology of modern professional education, expanding the understanding of the role of a communicative task in the formation of key competences. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the author has developed psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of soft skills at the process of foreign language teaching. These conditions are the formulation of a communicative task as a problem and a speech communication situation, teaching students the rules of cooperation and the establishment of trust relations between them. The communicative task plays the main role in the creation of conditions for the soft skills formation.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be obtained in the practice of foreign language teaching in the university.
Conclusion. It was revealed that the solution of a problem during the professional communication is the main condition of conscious study of the foreign language and leads to the development of soft skills.
Auraptene ameliorates osteoporosis by inhibiting RANKL/NFATc1 pathway-mediated bone resorption based on network pharmacology and experimental evaluation
Authors: Kim Mi H. , Choi La Y. , Chung Jae Y. , Kim Eun-Jung , Yang Woong M. 
Published: May 2022

Aims The association of auraptene (AUR), a 7-geranyloxycoumarin, on osteoporosis and its potential pathway was predicted by network pharmacology and confirmed in experimental osteoporotic mice. Methods The network of AUR was constructed and a potential pathway predicted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) terms enrichment. Female ovariectomized (OVX) Institute of Cancer Research mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM AUR for four weeks. The bone mineral density (BMD) level was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The bone microstructure was determined by histomorphological changes in the femora. In addition, biochemical analysis of the serum and assessment of the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of osteoclastic markers were performed. Results In total, 65.93% of the genes of the AUR network matched with osteoporosis-related genes. Osteoclast differentiation was predicted to be a potential pathway of AUR in osteoporosis. Based on the network pharmacology, the BMD and bone mineral content levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the whole body, femur, tibia, and lumbar spine by AUR. AUR normalized the bone microstructure and the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), osteocalcin, and calcium in comparison with the OVX group. In addition, AUR treatment reduced TRAP-positive osteoclasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)+nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1)+ expression in the femoral body. Moreover, the expressions of initiators for osteoclastic resorption and bone matrix degradation were significantly (p < 0.05) regulated by AUR in the lumbar spine of the osteoporotic mice. Conclusion AUR ameliorated bone loss by downregulating the RANKL/NFATc1 pathway, resulting in improvement of osteoporosis. In conclusion, AUR might be an ameliorative cure that alleviates bone loss in osteoporosis via inhibition of osteoclastic activity. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(5):304–316.
The evolution of the role of nursing in primary health care using Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. A grounded theory study
Authors: Blanco-Fraile Cristina , Madrazo-Pérez María , Fradejas-Sastre Victor , Rayón-Valpuesta Esperanza 
Published: May 2022

Aims
To analyse the global process by which Spanish nurses have acquired a differentiated role in primary health care and to develop a theory that explains the evolution of this role.

Design
Grounded Theory was selected, as proposed by Glaser and Strauss, following the theoretical framework of Bourdieu’s habitus.

Methods
Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted between 2012 and 2015, using theoretical sampling and seeking maximum variability. The analysis of the data included progressive coding and categorization, constant comparative analysis and memo writing.

Results
A core category emerged, “Autonomy”, composed of three categories: "Between illusion and ignorance. Genesis of a habitus", "The recognisable and recognised habitus" and "Habitus called into question", showing the genesis of the nursing role in primary health care and the elements that influence the autonomy of the role: the ability to decide their training, assume their own leadership, configure teams and acquire independent skills. “Seeking autonomy” was the substantive theory that emerged from the data.

Conclusion
The results reveal the elements that strengthen the autonomous professional role and that this role is legitimated when two elements are identified: the acquisition of a habitus, based on practices carried out regularly and the recognition of this habitus by the population and others professionals.

Impact
The results of this study identify the elements that guide and strengthen the professional role and redefine the concept of autonomy. These are operational findings and could potentially be used to define new strategies for advancing the role of nursing in primary health care.
Mind the gap: Mapping variation between national and local clinical practice guidelines for acute paediatric asthma from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
Authors: Koldeweij Charlotte , Appelbaum Nicholas , Rodriguez Gonzalvez Carmen , Nijman Joppe , Nijman Ruud , Sinha Ruchi , Maconochie Ian , Clarke Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Background
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aim to standardize clinical care. Increasingly, hospitals rely on locally produced guidelines alongside national guidance. This study examines variation between national and local CPGs, using the example of acute paediatric asthma guidance from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

Methods
Fifteen British and Dutch local CPGs were collected with the matching national guidance for the management of acute asthma in children under 18 years old. The drug sequences, routes and methods of administration recommended for patients with severe asthma and the tone of recommendation across both types of CPGs were schematically represented. Deviations from national guidance were measured. Variation in recommended doses of intravenous salbutamol was examined. CPG quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II.

Results
British and Dutch national CPGs differed in the recommended drug choices, sequences, routes and methods of administration for severe asthma. Dutch national guidance was more rigidly defined. Local British CPGs diverged from national guidance for 23% of their recommended interventions compared to 8% for Dutch local CPGs. Five British local guidelines and two Dutch local guidelines differed from national guidance for multiple treatment steps. Variation in second-line recommendations was greater than for first-line recommendations across local CPGs from both countries. Recommended starting doses for salbutamol infusions varied by more than tenfold. The quality of the sampled local CPGs was low across all AGREE II domains.

Conclusions
Local CPGs for the management of severe acute paediatric asthma featured substantial variation and frequently diverged from national guidance. Although limited to one condition, this study suggests that unmeasured variation across local CPGs may contribute to variation of care more broadly, with possible effects on healthcare quality.
Maternidades: Políticas de la representación (‘Maternities: Politics Of Representation’), Pilar Carrera and Carmen Ciller (eds) (2021)
Authors: Bonfill Anna Zaera 
Published: May 2022

Review of: Maternidades: Políticas de la representación (‘Maternities: Politics Of Representation’), Pilar Carrera and Carmen Ciller (eds) (2021)
Madrid: Cátedra, 237 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-43764-280-2, p/bk, €10.95
ISBN 978-8-43764-281-9, e-book, €6.99
Lean Operations in Tertiary Institutions: A Tool for Elimination of Waste in Technical Universities, Ghana
Authors: BAWA DUKPER KOJO , Laar Stephen , Boadu Asiama Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The application of lean operation systems in tertiary institutions has a potential benefits to many universities in Ghana. The focus of this study was to systematical evaluate the basic principles of lean management and its application to tertiary institutions by streamlining structures and models that will provide satisfactory services for customers by eliminating administrative wastes. The survey design was used with questionnaire as the instrument for data gathering. A random sampling strategy was applied in obtaining the sample size for the study. The findings of the study revealed seven different types of administrative waste where each of these wastes were ranked in terms of their magnitude within the university. Also, the indication of the result is that, over staffing the number of academic or administrative units and underutilization of talent of employees’ were the most essential component of waste identified. Therefore, the techniques and tools to guide the implementation of lean model in the university as proposed by the study is to establish norms and standards; focus on the value of the customer; use punitive measures as deterrents; adhere strictly to budget lines; establish workflow sequence; ensure effective communication and information; zero inventory as well as follow laid down administrative procedures. The novelty of this study is that, it provides concrete direction in implementing lean frameworks in all universities and helps streamline activities that will create value by mapping the streams to satisfy the needs of the university community.
Clotho’ Spindle: Xenocrates’ Doctrine of Indivisibles
Authors: Alieva Olga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper offers a reconstruction of Xenocrates’ theory of indivisibles which would not commit him to the idea of ‘jerky motion’ criticized by Aristotle in Physica VI, yet would perfectly square with Plato’s Timaeus, the basis of Xenocrates’ canon. Relying on Alexander’s, Porphyry’s, and Themistius’s accounts of his theory, as well on a detailed analysis of De lineis insecabilibus, I suggest that Xenocrates’ minima, contrary to what Aristotle implies, are not to be understood as more or less stable particulars, like tiny chunks of matter, moving about or leaping in physical space from point A to point B. Yet Xenocrates’ minima do remain ‘physical’ and ‘corporeal’ in a more Platonic sense of these words, not presupposing any kind of leaping, jumping, or jerking. This explains why Xenocrates associated the sensible realm with one of the three Fates, namely Clotho.
Genetic susceptibility to high myopia in Han Chinese population
Authors: Li Yufei , Zhang Yong , Zhang Ping , Gao Lei , Ma Qingyue , Li Jin , Wang Shengxia , Liu Bing , Wang Xinye , Meng Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High myopia is a common ocular genetic disease in the world. The study sought to investigate the effect of the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) genes polymorphisms on high myopia in a Han population of China. This study recruited 216 unrelated Han Chinese subjects, including 103 cases with high myopia and 113 controls. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IGF-1 and MMP-9 genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The chi-square test showed that the family history was significantly correlated with myopia. The SNP genotypes were all in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Among the four SNPs, there were statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2236416 between the groups (P = 0.024). The significant associations of rs2236416 between cases and controls also appeared after Bonferroni multiple correction (P = 0.024). Then, there were significant differences in the genotypes dominant model and codominant model of rs2236416 between groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively). rs5742632 showed a significant difference between the cases and the controls in the recessive model (P = 0.037). Our findings indicated that rs2236416 of MMP-9 was associated with myopia in the population. The result suggested MMP-9 gene locus may play a role in myopia.
Orthographic, Semantic, and Contextual Influences on Initial Processing and Learning of Novel Words During Reading: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Yi Wei , Lu Shiyi , Dekeyser Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigates how orthographic, semantic and contextual variables—including word length, concreteness, and contextual support—impact on the processing and learning of new words in a second language (L2) when first encountered during reading. Students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) were recruited to read sentences for comprehension, embedded with unfamiliar L2 words that occurred once. Immediately after this, they received a form recognition test, a meaning recall test, and a meaning recognition test. Eye-movement data showed significant effects of word length on both early and late processing of novel words, along with effects of concreteness only on late-processing eye-tracking measures. Informative contexts were read slower than neutral contexts, yet contextual support did not show any direct influence on the processing of novel words. Interestingly, initial learning of abstract words was better than concrete words in terms of form and meaning recognition. Attentional processing of novel L2 words, operationalized by total reading time, positively predicted L2 learners’ recognition of new orthographic forms. Taken together, these results suggest: 1) orthographic, semantic and contextual factors play distinct roles for initial processing and learning of novel words; 2) online processing of novel words contributes to L2 learners’ initial knowledge of unfamiliar lexical items acquired from reading.
Discourses of Chinese ELT Stakeholders on Native Speakerism
Authors: Liu Junshuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on part of the findings of a large-scale study exploring the viewpoints of Chinese ELT stakeholders (students, teachers and administrators) on native speakerism in order to find out whether current EFL education in China is still affected by this chauvinistic ideology. The analysis of data via a critical lens reveals that the vast majority of the participants conferred upon NS products (teacher, language, culture and teaching methodology) a status superior to that granted to the NNS counterparts and failed to see linguacultural and epistemological inequalities between the English speaking West and traditional NNS countries, inter alia, China. These findings suggest that the three participant groups as an entirety succumb to native speakerism, and by extension that ELT in China is still haunted to a great degree by this ideology. Given that this study treats each participant group separately, future studies are expected to explore inter-group interactions in ideology.
Investigation of determining the accuracy of spatial vectors by the satellite method in a real time mode
Authors: Vivat Anatolii , Tretyak Kornyliy , Savchyn Ihor , Navodych Myhailo , Lano Oleksandr 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The study of determining the accuracy of spatial vectors by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in real time (RTK) was conducted. The possibility of construction of precision geodetic networks by the combined method of static and RTK GNSS measurements which correspond to the set accuracy and reach the maximum economic efficiency is investigated. A technique providing the densification of GNSS network and the use of two simultaneously operating GNSS receivers (Rover) is proposed. The research was carried out at the points of the GNSS network of Dnister Pumped Storage Power Plant (PSPP) (Ukraine). As a result of comparison of reference and measured elements of vectors, it was found that the average absolute error in determining the spatial distance of 14 vectors was 5.3 mm. Rejection of vectors with a closed horizon reduced the error to 2.1 mm. The vectors are most accurately determined from two satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS) and from a single base station. The recommended distance to the base station is within one kilometer. Increasing the accuracy by 75 % in determining the vector by the proposed method in RTK mode is also shown. As a result of a posteriori optimization of combined GNSS networks, high accuracy on the reliability of vectors determined by the method in RTK mode was confirmed. The technique can be used to construct precision networks, to carry out repeated measurements for the monitoring of large engineering structures with an open horizon.
A comparative study of different neural networks in predicting gross domestic product
Authors: Lai Han 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gross domestic product (GDP) can well reflect the development of the economy, and predicting GDP can help better grasp the future economic trends. In this article, three different neural network models, the genetic algorithm – back-propagation neural network model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) – Elman neural network (Elman NN) model, and the bat algorithm – long short-term memory model, were analyzed based on neural networks. The GDP data of Sichuan province from 1992 to 2020 were collected to compare the performance of the three models in predicting GDP. It was found that the mean absolute percentage error values of the three models were 0.0578, 0.0236, and 0.0654, respectively; the root-mean-square error values were 0.0287, 0.0166, and 0.0465, respectively; and the PSO-Elman NN model had the best performance in GDP prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that neural networks were reliable in predicting GDP and can be used for further applications in practice.