bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychische Belastung von Geflüchteten in vorläufigen
Unterkünften des
Rhein-Neckar-Kreises/Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Rzepka Irja , Zehetmair Catharina , Nagy Ede , Kindermann David , Kölmel Christoph , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Aufgrund von prä-, peri und post-migratorischen
Stressfaktoren leiden Geflüchtete häufiger als die
Allgemeinbevölkerung unter psychischen Erkrankungen. Um die
Prävalenz von Posttraumatischem Stress, depressiven und Angstsymptomen
bei Geflüchteten niederschwellig zu erfassen, wurde eine Erhebung mit
Kurzfragebögen in vorläufigen Unterkünften des
Rhein-Neckar-Kreises durchgeführt.
Methodik Zur Erfassung der Prävalenz psychischer
Belastungssymptome wurden alle erwachsenen Geflüchteten in 7
vorläufigen Unterkünften des Rhein-Neckar-Kreises angesprochen.
Willigten sie in die Erhebung ein und sprachen eine der 7 verfügbaren
Sprachen, wurde die psychische Belastung mittels PC-PTSD-5 und PHQ-4 erhoben
(n=106).
Ergebnisse Die Befragten erlebten im Durchschnitt 3,18 (SD 2,48)
traumatische Ereignisse. 47,2% der Befragten zeigten Symptome einer
Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, 37,7% einer Depression und
29,2% einer Angststörung. Dabei standen weder das Geschlecht
noch das Alter in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit bestimmten traumatischen
Erlebnissen oder den genannten Diagnosen.
Diskussion Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine hohe Prävalenz von
Traumatisierung, Depression- und Angstsymptomen bei Geflüchteten, die in
Deutschland in vorläufigen Unterkünften leben. Sowohl die
Identifizierung der Betroffenen wie auch die psychologische Versorgung sind
jedoch mit zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden.
Schlussfolgerung Auch nach längerem Aufenthalt in Deutschland ist
die Prävalenz psychischer Belastung bei Geflüchteten im
Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung deutlich erhöht. Es besteht
großer Bedarf, psychisch erkrankte Geflüchtete systematisch zu
identifizieren und bestehende Versorgungslücken zu
schließen.
Fat in the Fossa and the Sphenoid Sinus: A Simple and Effective Solution to CSF Leaks in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cohort Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Baig Mirza Asfand , Boardman Timothy , Okasha Mohamed , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , Al Banna Qusai , Syrris Christoforos , Baig Mirza Kaumal , Vastani Amisha , Visagan Ravindran , Shapey Jonathan , Maratos Eleni , Barazi Sinan , Thomas Nick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains a challenge and is associated with high morbidity. We perform a primary repair with fat in the pituitary fossa and further fat in the sphenoid sinus (FFS). We compare the efficacy of this FFS technique with other repair methods and perform a systematic review.
Design, Patients, and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing standard TSS from 2009 to 2020, comparing the incidence of significant postoperative CSF rhinorrhea (requiring intervention) using the FFS technique compared with other intraoperative repair strategies. Systematic review of current repair methods described in the literature was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results In all, there were 439 patients, with 276 patients undergoing multilayer repair, 68 patients FFS repair, and 95 patients no repair. No significant differences were observed in baseline demographics between the groups. Postoperative CSF leak requiring intervention was significantly lower in the FFS repair group (4.4%) compared with the multilayer (20.3%) and no repair groups (12.6%, p < 0.01). This translated to fewer reoperations (2.9% FFS vs. 13.4% multilayer vs. 8.4% no repair, p < 0.05), fewer lumbar drains (2.9% FFS vs. 15.6% multilayer vs. 5.3% no repair, p < 0.01), and shorter hospital stay (median days: 4 [3–7] FFS vs. 6 (5–10) multilayer vs. 5 (3–7) no repair, p < 0.01). Risk factors for postoperative leak included female gender, perioperative lumbar drain, and intraoperative leak.
Conclusion Autologous fat on fat graft for standard endoscopic transsphenoidal approach effectively reduces the risk of significant postoperative CSF leak with reduced reoperation and shorter hospital stay.
Introduction to Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation
Authors: Čorić Ilija , Dhankhar Jyoti 
Published: February 2022

AbstractC–H activation of functionally rich molecules without the need for directing groups promises shorter organic syntheses and late-stage diversification of molecules for drug discovery. We highlight recent examples of palladium-catalyzed nondirected functionalization of C–H bonds in arenes as limiting substrates with a focus on the development of the concept of spatial anion control for direct C–H arylation.1	C–H Activation and the CMD Mechanism2	Nondirected C–H Functionalizations of Arenes as Limiting Substrates3	Nondirected C–H Arylation4	Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation5	Coordination Chemistry with Spatial Anion Control6	Conclusion
Rh2(esp)2-Catalyzed Redox/Cycloaddition Cascade of Diazoaceto­acetate Enones with N-Methyl Nitrones: Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Lactams with Two Adjacent Chiral Centers
Authors: Xu Xichen , Zhao Yingjun , Xu Rujie , Xu Zhengqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized β-lactams is developed. By employing Rh2(esp)2 as the catalyst, a reaction cascade operates by reducing an N-methyl nitrone to the corresponding N-methyl imine in the presence of a first molecule of the diazoacetoacetate enone. A second molecule of the diazoacetoacetate enone sensing a change in the reaction medium undergoes a Wolff rearrangement to afford a vinyl ketene. This vinyl ketene then reacts with the in situ generated N-methyl imine to diastereoselectively furnish a β-lactam with two contiguous stereogenic centers. Extension of this method to the [2+2]-cycloaddition of PMB-protected imines and diazoacetoacetate enones catalyzed by Rh2(esp)2 is also reported.
Significance of Pattern of Invasion in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Retrospective Study from a Regional Cancer Center of North-East India
Authors: Rhutso Yopovinu , Kakoti Lopa M. , Sharma Jagannath D. , Kalita Manoj 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Many multiparametric models and scoring systems had been proposed in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) to predict the survival and recurrence, out of which pattern of invasion (POI) is gaining focus recently.
Objective We conducted a retrospective study with the aim to see the prognostic significance of the POI and other parameters such as depth of invasion, perineural invasion (PNI), and lymph node status in OTSCC.
Materials and Methods The slides of already diagnosed OTSCC cases were prepared from January 2015 to December 2017 records and studied by two pathologists for different patterns using Brandwein-Gensler scoring system. The different clinicopathologic parameters were compared with different POI. Statistical analysis was performed to present cumulative survival outcomes and for comparison.
Results Most of our patients were > 40 years of age with male preponderance. Tumor differentiation pattern was assessed using Broders' system of grading that showed 85% of tumors were well, 12.5% tumors were moderately differentiated, and 2.5% tumors were poorly differentiated. The worst POI was predominantly pattern III (50%) followed by pattern II (32.5%) and pattern IV (13.8%). Most patients were in stage II (33.8%) followed by stage III (32.5%), stage IV (26.3%), and stage I (7.5%). There was an inverse relationship between POI with tumor stage and recurrence. A strong statistically significant association was found between POI with perineural infiltration and lymph node metastasis.
Conclusion We concluded from our study that worst POI is significantly associated with number of lymph nodes metastasis and perineural infiltration and hence can be used as an independent prognostic factor.
The Use of Propargylamines to Synthesize Amino-1,2,3-triazoles via Cycloaddition of Azides with Allenamines
Authors: Wu Luyong , Qiu Shanguang , Chen Wenhao , Li Dongying , Chen Yuxue , Niu Yanning , Wu Yi , Lei Yang , He Wenying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel reaction of propargylamines with aryl azides is designed for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles employing a one-pot strategy. In this process, base-mediated isomerization of propargylamines generates allenamine intermediates, which participate in a cyclization reaction with azides. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that t-BuOK as the base and DMF as the solvent gave the best yields. This protocol is expanded to different propargylamines and azides, with the results showing that 3-aryl propargylamines and aryl azides are tolerated to produce the corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles. This procedure provides a simple and efficient method to access a series of 5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles possessing a wide spectrum of functional groups.
Preoperative Combined Adiposity–Nutritional Index Predicts Major aDverse Cardiac and Cerebral Events following Off-pump coRonary Artery Revascularization (PANDORA): A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Bansal Noopur , Magoon Rohan , Dey Souvik , ItiShri ItiShri , Walian Ashish , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The metabolic–nutritional profile of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients can be an important outcome determinant. A high visceral adiposity index (VAI) and a low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) have been described to predict major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) in nonoperative settings and poor cardiac-surgical outcomes, respectively. The present study evaluated the MACCE-predictive value of the two indices, in isolation and as a combined adiposity–nutritional index (CANI = VAI/PNI) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).
Methods The retrospective study was conducted in 1207 OPCABG patients at a tertiary cardiac care center. Thirty-day postoperative data was evaluated for the development of MACCE, defined by any of the following: cardiac arrest, ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia (STEMI), repeat coronary revascularization, or stroke. The perioperative characteristics of the MACCE and no-MACCE groups were analyzed for the predictors of postoperative MACCE.
Results One-hundred thirty-two patients (10.93%) developed MACCE postoperatively. On univariate analysis, age, EuroSCORE II, ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, asymptomatic carotid artery disease, left main (LM) disease, PNI, and VAI predicted MACCE. Subsequent to multivariate analysis, age, EuroSCORE II, and CANI were the independent predictors. The MACCE predictive cutoffs of VAI, PNI, and CANI were 3.2, 38.46, and 0.075 (area under the curve [AUC]; sensitivity; specificity: 0.64; 77%; 81.3%, 0.77; 92.6%, 65%, 0.78; 64.5%; 80.2%, respectively). CANI correlated positively with duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mean postoperative vasoactive inotropic scores (VIS). CANI ≥ 0.075 was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, low cardiac output syndrome, and acute kidney injury.
Conclusions CANI emerged as an independent predictor of MACCE following OPCABG.
Outcome of Surgery for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease without Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Rashidi Farid , Parvizi Rezayat , Bilejani Eisa , Mahmoudian Babak , Koohi Ata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious condition that results from incomplete resolution of thromboemboli in pulmonary arteries. Symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease may have normal hemodynamic at rest. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) in the absence of pulmonary hypertension as currently defined (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] < 20 mm Hg).
Patients and Methods Here, we report four symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic and normal hemodynamic at rest (mPAP ≤20 mm Hg or 20 < mPAP < 25 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] < 240 dyn·s/cm5) who underwent PEA between September 2015 and September 2019. The main outcome measures were functional New York Heart Association class, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), hemodynamic measures in right heart catheterization (RHC), morbidity, and mortality.
Results There were significant improvement in function class (2.6 ± 0.54 vs. 1 ± 0.2, p = 0.00), mPAP (preoperative: 23.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg vs. postoperative: 18.6 ± 1.5 mm Hg, p = 0.02), 6MWD (preoperative: 378.2 ± 68.7 m vs. postoperative: 432.9 ± 44.5 m, p = 0.01), and PVR (215.33 ± 91 vs. 101 ± 32 dyn·s/cm5, p = 0.1) 6 months after surgery based on data from RHC which was done during exercise. Also, RHC showed a significant decrease in mPAP (preoperative: 37 ± 7.7 mm Hg vs. postoperative 28 ± 3.2 mm Hg, p = 0.06).
Conclusion PEA could improve function class and hemodynamic in patients with CTEPD. Considering hemodynamic improvement in this group of patients after PEA, definition of CTEPH may need to be revised.
A Study of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Reference to Tobacco Use, Gender, and Subsite Distribution
Authors: Chauhan Richa , Trivedi Vinita , Rani Rita , Singh Usha 
Published: February 2022

Context Head and neck cancer (HNC) is very common in India, constituting 30% of all the cancers because of the widespread use of tobacco across India. The prevalence and pattern of tobacco use vary in different regions and states of the country. Although predominantly seen in males, studies have reported that the male-to-female ratio varies worldwide and also by anatomical subsite.Aims This study was done with an aim to determine the difference in pattern and prevalence of tobacco use in male and female patients with HNCs and compare them with different subsites' involvement in our region.Methods and Materials This is a retrospective analysis of 500 consecutive biopsy-proven HNC patients from a large comprehensive cancer hospital from Bihar during the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Data collected for the study included age, gender, site of the disease, and use of tobacco. The categorical data were analyzed by a chi-square test using SPSS (version 16).Results Our study showed a male-to-female ratio of 8.43:1 with tobacco addiction in 84.40% patients. Smokeless tobacco was used by 52.20%, combustible form by 12.80%, and both by 19.40% of the patients. Tobacco use was seen in 87.25% of male patients as compared with only 60.38% of female patients (p-value = 0.0001). Oral cavity cancer was seen in 60.85% of male patients and 37.74% of female patients (p-value = 0.0012), whereas oropharyngeal cancer was seen in only 11.63% of male patients as compared with 25.83% of female patients (p-value = 0.0008). The subsite analysis showed that in patients with oral cavity cancers, no addiction was found in only 10.29% of male patients as compared with 30% of the female patients (p-value = 0.008).Conclusions Our study confirms a high prevalence of tobacco use among HNC patients. So, we need to continue our efforts to create awareness against tobacco use. Besides, there is also a need for more studies to look into other etiological factors among nontobacco users.
Feasibility of Opioid-Free Anesthesia for Cervical Rib Excision: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Dey Souvik , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Magoon Rohan , ItiShri ItiShri , Kashav Ramesh Chand 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground Perioperative pain management following cervical rib excision can be compounded in the background of chronic pain disorder caused by the neurovascular compression. The former mandates an enhanced analgesic requirement wherein the perioperative opioid use, in particular, can be associated with a peculiar adverse-effect profile and abuse potential. Appropriate to the context, an opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) protocol can be instrumental in minimizing the incidence of the aforementioned.Case Series While two patients necessitated OFA owing to opioid contraindication, the formulated protocol was evaluated in another six consecutive patients posted for elective cervical rib excision. A combined paravertebral block and superficial cervical plexus block was employed alongside general anesthesia. Intravenous dexmedetomidine and lignocaine assisted the conduct of OFA, and paracetamol dosing was continued into the postoperative period. Intraoperative rescue analgesia was ensured by a ketofol bolus (1:1 mixture of ketamine and propofol) whereas intravenous diclofenac was used for postoperative rescue analgesia.Results OFA could be successfully contemplated in all eight patients. A single bolus rescue dose of ketofol had to be administered in two patients intraoperatively and diclofenac had to be administered as postoperative rescue analgesic in two patients. There was no incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting or any block-related complications. The postoperative stay was uneventful with an acceptable patient satisfaction.Conclusion The index experience reiterates the fact that a prudent combination of nonopioid multimodal analgesics with case-based locoregional techniques can feature as a successful OFA protocol, albeit mandating future prospective studies in this novel area of clinical interest.
From Propped up to Prone: A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Severe COVID Pneumonia!
Authors: Choudhury Arindam , Senathipati Deva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID) pneumonia in the recent times has shown us the importance of prone positioning during the management of moderate to severe hypoxia. In fact, we have rediscovered the benefits of this positional maneuver in coping with the “oxygen crisis” during the second wave of this dreaded pandemic. While we (the clinicians) derive benefits of this postural therapy for treating our patients, it is imperative for us to know the underlying mechanisms behind improvement in oxygenation in mild to moderate cases of COVID pneumonia. In this brief communication, we try to decipher the miracles of this great “life-saver.”
Comparative Study of Effect of Continuous versus Intermittent Subglottic Suctioning by the Suction Above the Cuff Endotracheal Tube (SACETT) on Tracheal Mucosa and Incidence of VAP in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Anand Ravi , Singh Siddhart , Prasoon Anand , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Ritu , Nayan Santosh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with ventilatory support. Subglottic secretion and their aspirations are primarily responsible for the occurrence of VAP and the risk of tracheal mucosa injury induced by subglottic suctioning and the risk of VAP inpatient on a ventilator has been raised.
Aims Aim of this study is to compare the effect of continuous suctioning of subglottic secretions (CSSSs) versus intermittent suctioning of subglottic secretions (ISSS) on tracheal mucosa damage and incidence of VAP inpatient on a ventilator in both study groups.
Settings and Design A prospective randomized study.
Methods and Material A total of 140 patients requiring intubation or reintubation in the ICU with an expected ventilation duration > 24 hours were included in two groups: CSSS and ISSS. The effect on tracheal mucosa in front of the suction port was assessed after intubation (T0) and before extubation (T1) by bronchoscopy. VAP was compared in both groups on the basis of clinical suspicion and positive culture of bronchoalveolar lavage.
Statistical Analysis Used The SAS statistical software version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, United States) has been used for analysis. Chi-square of the Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for analysis.
Results A total of 127 patients were included and 89 patients (CSSS, n = 44 and ISSS, n = 45) were evaluable on the primary endpoint. The occurrence or worsening of tracheal mucosal damages did not differ between the two groups (CSSS, n = 12 [27.3%] vs. ISSS, n = 8 [17.7%], p = 0.365). Daily average volume of suctioned secretion was higher with ISSS (72 ± 100 vs. 18 ± 25 mL, p < 0.001). Negligible chance to aspirate was higher with CSSS (0.13 ± 0.15 vs. 0.03 ± 0.06 per day, p < 0.001).
Conclusion ISSS did not reduce mucosal damage as compared with CSSS. The aspirated volume was higher and the negligible chance to aspirate was lower with ISSS. The incidence of VAP was lower with CSSS.
The CoRisk-Index: a data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk perceptions related to Covid-19
Authors: Stephany Fabian , Neuhäuser Leonie , Stoehr Niklas , Darius Philipp , Teutloff Ole , Braesemann Fabian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global spread of Covid-19 has caused major economic disruptions. Governments around the world provide considerable financial support to mitigate the economic downturn. However, effective policy responses require reliable data on the economic consequences of the corona pandemic. We propose theCoRisk-Index: a real-time economic indicator of corporate risk perceptions related to Covid-19. Using data mining, we analyse all reports from US companies filed since January 2020, representing more than a third of the US workforce. We construct two measures—the number of ‘corona’ words in each report and the averagetext negativityof the sentences mentioning corona in each industry—that are aggregated in the CoRisk-Index. The index correlates with U.S. unemployment rates across industries and with an established market volatility measure, and it preempts stock market losses of February 2020. Moreover, thanks to topic modelling and natural language processing techniques, the CoRisk data provides highly granular data on different dimensions of the crisis and the concerns of individual industries. The index presented here helps researchers and decision makers to measure risk perceptions of industries with regard to Covid-19, bridging the quantification gap between highly volatile stock market dynamics and long-term macroeconomic figures. For immediate access to the data, we provide all findings and raw data on an interactive online dashboard.
Polarization, abstention, and the median voter theorem
Authors: Jones Matthew I. , Sirianni Antonio D. , Fu Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe median voter theorem has long been the default model of voter behavior and candidate choice. While contemporary work on the distribution of political opinion has emphasized polarization and an increasing gap between the “left” and the “right” in democracies, the median voter theorem presents a model of anti-polarization: competing candidates move to the center of the ideological distribution to maximize vote share, regardless of the underlying ideological distribution of voters. These anti-polar results, however, largely depend on the “singled-peakedness” of voter preferences, an assumption that is rapidly losing relevance in the age of polarization. This article presents a model of voter choice that examines three potential mechanisms that can undermine this finding: a relative cost of voting that deters voters who are sufficiently indifferent to both candidates, ideologically motivated third-party alternatives that attract extreme voters, and a bimodal distribution of voter ideology. Under reasonable sets of conditions and empirically observed voter opinion distributions, these mechanisms can be sufficient to cause strategically minded candidates to fail to converge to the center, or to even become more polarized than their electorate.