bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of both Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 affects the bacterial but not fungal gut microbiota and susceptibility to colitis in mice
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Spatz Madeleine , Da Costa Gregory , Michaudel Chloé , Lapiere Alexia , Danne Camille , Agus Allison , Michel Marie-Laure , Netea Mihai G. , Langella Philippe , Sokol Harry , Richard Mathias L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Innate immunity genes have been reported to affect susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colitis in mice. Dectin-1, a receptor for fungal cell wall β-glucans, has been clearly implicated in gut microbiota modulation and modification of the susceptibility to gut inflammation. Here, we explored the role of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 (another receptor for fungal cell wall molecules) deficiency in intestinal inflammation.

Design
Susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was assessed in wild-type, Dectin-1 knockout (KO), Dectin-2KO, and double Dectin-1KO and Dectin-2KO (D-1/2KO) mice. Inflammation severity, as well as bacterial and fungal microbiota compositions, was monitored.

Results
While deletion of Dectin-1 or Dectin-2 did not have a strong effect on DSS-induced colitis, double deletion of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 significantly protected the mice from colitis. The protection was largely mediated by the gut microbiota, as demonstrated by fecal transfer experiments. Treatment of D-1/2KO mice with opportunistic fungal pathogens or antifungal agents did not affect the protection against gut inflammation, suggesting that the fungal microbiota had no role in the protective phenotype. Amplicon-based microbiota analysis of the fecal bacterial and fungal microbiota of D-1/2KO mice confirmed the absence of changes in the mycobiota but strong modification of the bacterial microbiota. We showed that bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family were at least partly involved in this protection and that treatment with Blautia hansenii was enough to recapitulate the protection.

Conclusions
Deletion of both the Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 receptors triggered a global shift in the microbial gut environment, affecting, surprisingly, mainly the bacterial population and driving protective effects in colitis. Members of the Lachnospiraceae family seem to play a central role in this protection. These findings provide new insights into the role of the Dectin receptors, which have been described to date as affecting only the fungal population, in intestinal physiopathology and in IBD.
Identification of antimalarial targets of chloroquine by a combined deconvolution strategy of ABPP and MS-CETSA
Authors: Gao Peng , Liu Yan-Qing , Xiao Wei , Xia Fei , Chen Jia-Yun , Gu Li-Wei , Yang Fan , Zheng Liu-Hai , Zhang Jun-Zhe , Zhang Qian , Li Zhi-Jie , Meng Yu-Qing , Zhu Yong-Ping , Tang Huan , Shi Qiao-Li , Guo Qiu-Yan , Zhang Ying , Xu Cheng-Chao , Dai Ling-Yun , Wang Ji-Gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease that disproportionally threatens hundreds of millions of people in developing countries. In the history of anti-malaria campaign, chloroquine (CQ) has played an indispensable role, however, its mechanism of action (MoA) is not fully understood.

Methods
We used the principle of photo-affinity labeling and click chemistry-based functionalization in the design of a CQ probe and developed a combined deconvolution strategy of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and mass spectrometry-coupled cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA) that identified the protein targets of CQ in an unbiased manner in this study. The interactions between CQ and these identified potential protein hits were confirmed by biophysical and enzymatic assays.

Results
We developed a novel clickable, photo-affinity chloroquine analog probe (CQP) which retains the antimalarial activity in the nanomole range, and identified a total of 40 proteins that specifically interacted and photo-crosslinked with CQP which was inhibited in the presence of excess CQ. Using MS-CETSA, we identified 83 candidate interacting proteins out of a total of 3375 measured parasite proteins. At the same time, we identified 8 proteins as the most potential hits which were commonly identified by both methods.

Conclusions
We found that CQ could disrupt glycolysis and energy metabolism of malarial parasites through direct binding with some of the key enzymes, a new mechanism that is different from its well-known inhibitory effect of hemozoin formation. This is the first report of identifying CQ antimalarial targets by a parallel usage of labeled (ABPP) and label-free (MS-CETSA) methods.
Examining the long-term cognitive effects of exposure to the Canterbury earthquakes in a resilient cohort
Authors: Bell Caroline , Moot Will , Porter Richard , Frampton Chris , Mcintosh Virginia , Purnell Melissa , Smith Rebekah , Douglas Katie 
Published: June 2022

Background
Although most people do not develop mental health disorders after exposure to traumatic events, they may experience subtle changes in cognitive functioning. We previously reported that 2–3 years after the Canterbury earthquake sequence, a group of trauma-exposed people, who identified as resilient, performed less well on tests of spatial memory, had increased accuracy identifying facial emotions and misclassified neutral facial expressions to threat-related emotions, compared with non-exposed controls.

Aims
The current study aimed to examine the long-term cognitive effects of exposure to the earthquakes in this resilient group, compared with a matched non-exposed control group.

Method
At 8–9 years after the Canterbury earthquake sequence, 57 earthquake-exposed resilient (69% female, mean age 56.8 years) and 60 non-exposed individuals (63% female, mean age 55.7 years) completed a cognitive testing battery that assessed verbal and visuospatial learning and memory, executive functioning, psychomotor speed, sustained attention and social cognition.

Results
With the exception of a measure of working memory (Digit Span Forward), no significant differences were found in performance between the earthquake-exposed resilient and non-exposed groups on the cognitive tasks. Examination of changes in cognitive functioning over time in a subset (55%) of the original earthquake-exposed resilient group found improvement in visuospatial performance and slowing of reaction times to negative emotions.

Conclusions
These findings offer preliminary evidence to suggest that changes in cognitive functioning and emotion processing in earthquake-exposed resilient people may be state-dependent and related to exposure to continued threat in the environment, which improves when the threat resolves.
Photographing the Invisible: Immortal Spirit Photography and China's En(light)enment
Authors: Chen Menglan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines Chinese spirit photography practiced by a spiritualist (lingxue 靈學) group during China's enlightenment movement in the late 1910s. Integrating the trope of photography with Daoist divinatory rituals (fuji 扶乩), lingxue scholars claimed to have finally “photographed” immortal spirits but used shadow to render their spectral likeness. Situating this conception of photography in the Daoist practice of visualizing the formless and the true, this article asks: what is the implication of marrying the ancient search for the invisible with an obsession with the empirically real? This article argues that Chinese spirit photography was not simply superstition nor a local appropriation of modern visual technology. Rather, it offers a provocative take on the nature of photographic likeness and encapsulates a turn-of-the-century, visual-epistemic shift in the relationship between seeing and imaging. This case study encourages the exploration of the conceptual potential of the Chinese designation of photography, sheying 攝影, not as “writing with light” but as “capturing shadows.”
Confidentiality and social media
Authors: Wake Charlotte 
Published: June 2022

Charlotte Wake looks at the responsibilities dental nurses have regarding patient information. Aim To explain the importance of confidentiality when using social media in relation to our GDC obligations as a registrant and principles of professionalism. Objectives To review the eight Caldicott principles To understand the limitations on social media To know where to contact to seek advice. Learning outcomes To understand the dental nurse's role in confidentiality GDC Developmental Outcomes A, B, C and D
A rare finding of a radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris in a lower first mandibular molar requiring endodontic treatment: a case report
Authors: Gladwin Lorna , Patel Jaymit 
Published: June 2022

The success of endodontic treatment lies in the ability to appropriately access, clean and debride the entire root canal system to prevent or treat peri-apical pathology. The ‘conventional’ anatomy of a lower first molar consists of one mesial root usually with two canals and one distal root containing a single canal. Variations of this anatomy may present many clinical challenges to the operator. This case report is a summary of the clinical considerations for endodontic treatment of a symptomatic lower first mandibular molar with four roots and five canals. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be aware of variations in root canal anatomy.
Short Communication: Preharvest drought stress varies grain physical characteristics, milling percentage, and nutritional quality of two Job’s tears varieties
Authors: WICAKSONO FIKY YULIANTO , SUGANDA TRI WAHYU , RUMINTA RUMINTA , SINNIAH UMA RANI , YUWARIAH YUYUN , NURMALA TATI 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Wicaksono FY, Suganda TW, Wuminta, Sinniah UR, Yuwariah Y, Nurmala T. 2022. Short Communication: Preharvest drought stress varies grain physical characteristics, milling percentage, and nutritional quality of two Job’s tears varieties. Biodiversitas 23: 1443-1448. Preharvest drought stress is one of the limiting factors that may affect the quality of the harvested yield. This study aimed to evaluate the grain physical characteristics, milling percentage, and nutritional quality of two varieties of Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) in response to preharvest drought stress. Two varieties of Job’s tears were used in the present study, namely ma-yuen (cultivar Watani Wado)and stenocarpa (cultivar Watani Kiara Payung) at Ciparanje research station (6.9164° S, 107.7717° E) from July 2018 (dry season) to January 2019 (rainy season). A water-sufficient condition was achieved by irrigating the plant once a day, while a water-deficient condition was formed by the irrigation every 3 days using a sprinkler system.
The results showed that preharvest drought stress caused a significant reduction of seed size in both varieties. However, the stenocarpa was the only one with a significant reduction in milling yield due to its long seed length. In terms of nutritional quality, ma-yuen showed no significant response to preharvest drought, while stenocarpa showeda significant gain in protein and calcium. This finding opened the high potential of stenocarpa variety to be used both as an ornament, just like recent usage, and also functional food.
Molecular phylogeny of grouper of Epinephelus genus in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia inferred from Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene
Authors: DWIFAJRI SUKMA , TAPILATU RICARDO F. , PRANATA BAYU , KUSUMA ARADEA BUJANA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Dwifajri S, Tapilatu RF, Pranata B, Kusuma AB. 2022. Molecular phylogeny of grouper of
Epinephelusgenus in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesiainferred from Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene. Biodiversitas 23: 1449-1456. Grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae: Epinephelus) fish have high economic value, and are relatively overfis hed, yet have not received serious attention to determine conservation status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). DNA barcoding is an important molecular approach to identify Papua's grouper species. The objective of the present study was to analyze species diversity and molecular phylogeny of Epinephelus grouper based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial control region COI gene. Samples of grouper fish were collected from Hamadi, Sentani, and Youtefa local fish markets in Jayapura, Papua during August 2020. Grouper was morphologically identified, photographed and its fin was clipped and preserved for molecular analysis. Present study used primers, i.e., Fish R1 5'TAGACTTCTGGCCAAGAATCA3' and Fish F1 5'TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCA3'. Based on gene bank comparison at the sequence length 689 base pairs, the present study obtained seven species of grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae), namely Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus coioides, Epinephelus episictus, Epinephelus kupangensis, Epinephelus macrospilos, Epinephelus melanostigma and Epinephelus merra. The phylogenetic tree was composed of seven clades, where each grouper species represented each clade. The genetic distance between Epinephelus kupangensis and Epinephelus melanostigma was determined as the closest genetic distance (0.123) in the present study, while the farthest one was found between Epinephelus episictus and Epinephelus merra (0.161).
Short Communication: Genetic variation of oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) based on mtDNA data in the Savu Sea, Indonesia
Authors: MALIK MUHAMMAD DANIE AL , PUTRA MOCHAMAD IQBAL HERWATA , TOPAN EDY , PERTIWI NI PUTU DIAN , ARTININGSIH ENEX YUNI , SARI SILA KARTIKA , LEWIS SARAH , PRABUNING DERTA , SEMBIRING ANDRIANUS 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Malik MDA, Putra MIH, Topan E, Pertiwi NPD, Artiningsih EY, Sari SK, Lewis S, Prabuning D, Sembiring A. 2022. Short Communication: Genetic variation of oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) based on mtDNA data in the Savu Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1700-1706. The Savu Sea, one of Indonesia's top conservation priorities, is home to various marine charismatic species, including the oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris), whose conservation status is currently endangered and is protected by the Indonesian government. However, due to domestic and global demand for its fishery products, as well as shortcomings in fisheries management, this species is still poached and bycaught in the Savu Sea. Understanding their population structure is important to achieve effective conservation and fisheries management strategies that will have a positive impact on preserving their population in this area. This study aims to reveal the genetic variation of oceanic manta rays in the Savu Sea. Thirty samples from three locations in the Savu Sea were successfully preserved from East Flores (24), West Manggarai (4), and Rote Ndao (2) and then analyzed using ND5 locus from Mithocondiral DNA (mtDNA). The result indicated a close genetic relationship between three locations (East Flores, West Manggarai, and Rote Ndao) based on the phylogenetic tree and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) result with value of 0.05158 (P-value = 0.62268) indicated as a single population. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide some insight into the possibility of manta ray populations in the Savu Sea having strong connectivity between areas, which is critical information for regulators and managers to integrate conservation and management strategies within the Savu Sea.
Molecular characterization of toxic benthic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima in west Indonesian waters using LSU 28S rDNA gene
Authors: WIDIARTI RIANI , ZAMANI NEVIATY PUTRI , BENGEN DIETRIECH GEOFFREY , MADDUPPA HAWIS 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Widiarti R, Zamani NP, Bengen DG, Madduppa H. 2022. Molecular characterization of toxic benthic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima in west Indonesian waters using LSU 28S rDNA gene. Biodiversitas 23: 3257-3263. Prorocentrum lima is one of the toxic benthic dinoflagellates known to cause Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), which is also associated with ciguatoxin-producing species, Gambierdiscus toxicus that causes Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP). P. lima has a wide range of morphological variability and genetic diversity, but such research has never been reported from Indonesian waters yet. This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of P. limain west Indonesian waters, namely Bintan Island, Belitung Island, Seribu Islands, and Karimunjawa Islands. Molecular characterization was conducted by amplification on large subunit (LSU)28S rDNA gene. Extraction was conducted using freeze-thaw which was continued with single cell PCR method. Genetic distance values and phylogenetic analysis were analyzed using MEGA software. Based on molecular analysis, P. lima from this research was divided into two subclades, namely subclade A from Seribu Islands and Belitung Island, and subclade B from Karimunjawa Islands and Bintan Island. P. lima from Bintan Island showed a closer relationship with the reference sequence from the Genbank. Observation of molecular characters of P. lima showed that the genetic diversity of P. lima depended on the variation of the island’s morphogenesis type.These findings could support a further study on the distribution of P. lima in Indonesian waters, related to the genetic variation and toxin production, since Indonesia consists of many small islands.
Prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among 1–9 years of age children from model and non-model kebeles in Dangila district, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Genet Almaw , Dagnew Zewdu , Melkie Gashaw , Keleb Awoke , Motbainor Achenef , Mebrat Amare , Leshargie Cheru Tesema 
Published: June 2022

Background
Trachoma is the leading infectious disease that leads to blindness worldwide, especially in developing countries. Though Ethiopia had targeted a trachoma elimination program by 2020, the problem worsens, particularly in the Amhara Region. Even though sustained intervention measures are undertaken across the region, it is unclear why trachoma is still a significant public health problem. So, this study assessed the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among 1–9 years of age children from model and non-model kebeles in Dangila district Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 20th September 2019 to 29th October 2019. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to reach 704 children from model and non-model kebeles. Samples were allocated proportionally to model and non-model kebeles. A structured and pretested data collection tool and observational checklist was used to manage the necessary data. Data were coded and entered in Epidata version 4.6, and further analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with active trachoma. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR), p-value, and respected Confidence Interval (CI) were used to report the findings.

Results
Seven hundred four children were included in this study, with a response rate of 97.8%. The overall prevalence of active trachoma was 6% (95% CI: 4.5, 8.1). The prevalence of active trachoma among non-model and model Kebele was not significantly different. Still, the prevalence of active trachoma among children from model Kebele were [4.5%, (95% CI: 2.4%, 7.1%)] relatively lower compared with non-model kebeles, [7.6%, 95% CI: (4.9%, 10.9%)]. Moreover, not using latrine (AOR = 4.29, 95% CI: 1.96, 9.34), fly-eye contact (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11, 6.03), presence of sleep in eyes (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.47), presence of ocular discharge (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.30, 6.00), presence of nasal discharges (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.90) and washing faces with soap (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.69) were found significantly associated with the prevalence of active trachoma among children 1–9 years old.

Conclusions
The prevalence of active trachoma in the model and non-model kebeles was high and did not show a statistical difference. Attention to be given to latrine utilization, washing face with soap, and other personal hygiene activities.
Adherence barriers and interventions to improve ART adherence in Sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Buh Amos , Deonandan Raywat , Gomes James , Krentel Alison , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Yaya Sanni 
Published: June 2022

Background
The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite efforts to reduce new infections and deaths with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), SSA countries continue to bear the heaviest burden of HIV/AIDS globally, accounting for two-thirds of global new infections. The goal of this review is to identify common barriers to ART adherence as well as common effective interventions that can be implemented across SSA countries to improve ART adherence.

Methods
A systematic review of published studies on adult HIV-positive patients aged 15 or above, that have assessed the barriers to ART adherence and interventions improving patients’ adherence to ART in SSA countries shall be conducted. We will conduct electronic searches for articles that have been published starting from January 2010 onwards. The databases that shall be searched will include Medline Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. The review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies such as randomized and non-randomized controlled trials as well as comparative before and after studies, and observational studies—cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, prospective and retrospective studies. Two independent reviewers will screen all identified studies, extract data and appraise the methodological quality of the studies using standard critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The extracted data will be subjected to a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.

Discussion
This review will synthesize existing evidence on ART adherence barriers and strategies for improving patient adherence to ART in SSA countries. It will identify common barriers to adherence and common interventions proven to improve adherence across SSA. We anticipate that the findings of this review will provide information policy makers and stakeholders involved in the fight against HIV, will find useful in deriving better ways of not only retaining patients on treatment but having them adhere to their treatment.

Review registration
This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number CRD42021262256.