bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA REAGENTE EM LABORATÓRIOS CLÍNICOS
Authors: Prudencio Patricia Barbosa de Castro , SOUSA SIMONE DOS SANTOS , HEINEN RENATA CORRÊA 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A água é um reagente utilizado na maioria dos testes laboratoriais e por isso deve seguir um padrão de controle de qualidade rigoroso. Para que seja considerada reagente ela precisa ser pura, isto é, esta água utilizada em laboratórios deve conter quantidades mínimas de contaminantes, como, íons, matéria orgânica, inorgânica e microrganismos. Para remover essas impurezas, existem várias organizações que estabelecem padrões para a água de laboratório, dentre elas , a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), a American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) e o Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a importância da qualidade da água utilizada como reagente em laboratórios clínicos. Material e métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica, com artigos encontrados pela base de dados do Google acadêmico, Scielo, Lilacs, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “água reagente”, “tecnologias de purificação”, “métodos de purificação de água”. Resultados: Como observado nas pesquisas bibliográficas, são aplicadas diversas técnicas para se obter a purificação da água a ser utilizada, pois dependerá de sua complexidade e necessidade específica. As principais técnicas são: a destilação, a filtração, a micro, ultra e nanofiltração, a osmose reversa, a deionização, a eletrodeionização, a adsorção e a oxidação ultravioleta, além de combinações entre estas técnicas. Conclusão: Para o sucesso da purificação da água é necessário rigoroso monitoramento e manutenção adequada aos equipamentos de purificação, para que não ocorra a contaminação e alterações dos resultados de exames. A água é essencial e contribui para que o laboratório tenha um desenvolvimento de qualidade.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS E SUA RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA A BETALACTÂMICOS CAUSADA PELO USO INDISCRIMINADO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS
Authors: Porto Müller Maciel de Almeida , AVILA JOSIANE 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria Gram-positiva, catalase e coagulase positiva, encontrada também na epiderme humana, de fácil adaptação e responsável por boa parte das infecções bacterianas, desde foliculites e pneumonias a endocardites e septicemias. Os betalactâmicos fazem parte de um grupo de antimicrobianos bastante prescrito pelos profissionais da saúde contra algumas infecções, que possui o anel betalactâmico, uma estrutura química que inibe a síntese de peptidoglicano na parede celular da bactéria. O uso irracional de antimicrobianos pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de resistência bacteriana e a disseminação de microrganismos resistentes, causando problemas sérios à saúde pública. Objetivo: Demonstrar como o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, em especial, os betalactâmicos, pode desencadear resistência bacteriana de Staphylococcus aureus em infecções, relacionar o uso irracional desses antimicrobianos com a resistência bacteriana do Staphylococcus aureus e o papel do farmacêutico frente a esse uso indiscriminado. Metodologia: Através da revisão bibliográfica de estudo de artigos científicos disponíveis pela busca na base de dados, como SciELO e bibliotecas de universidades publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2021. Resultados: Alguns fatores contribuem para o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, entre elas: a facilidade de aquisição, a falsa ideia de utilizar um antimicrobiano de amplo espectro em infecções simples e a interrupção do tratamento após o desaparecimento dos primeiros sintomas, contribuindo para o processo de resistência bacteriana e o fracasso do tratamento. Com a inserção do profissional farmacêutico em equipes multiprofissionais poderia minimizar muitos desses fatores, pelo seu conhecimento técnico em medicamentos e pela amplitude de atuação desse profissional, desde drogarias a laboratórios clínicos e hospitais. Conclusão: O uso irracional de antimicrobianos se tornou uma das principais causas para o aumento do índice de resistência bacteriana, sendo os betalactâmicos, o grupo mais utilizado indiscriminado e, consequentemente, se tornando menos eficazes. O farmacêutico é o profissional da saúde que tem como uma de suas atribuições relacionadas, a atenção farmacêutica, na qual abrange a conduta ética, o compromisso com o bem estar dos pacientes, a orientação e a dispensação farmacêuticas, dentre outras, que contribuem na promoção da saúde, incluindo o uso racional de medicamentos, e na prevenção de doenças.
Aircraft observations of gravity wave activity and turbulence in the tropical tropopause layer: prevalence, influence on cirrus and comparison with global-storm resolving models
Authors: Atlas Rachel , Bretherton Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is a sea of vertical motions. Convectively-generated gravity waves create vertical winds on scales of a few to 1000s of kilometers as they propagate in a stable atmosphere. Turbulence from gravity wave breaking, radiatively-driven convection and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities stirs up the TTL on the kilometer scale. TTL cirrus, which moderate the water vapor concentration in the TTL and stratosphere, form in the cold phases of large-scale (> 100 km) wave activity. It has been proposed in several modelling studies that small-scale (< 100 km) vertical motions control the ice crystal number concentration and the dehydration efficiency of TTL cirrus, but this has yet to be confirmed with observations. High-rate vertical winds measured by aircraft are a valuable and underutilized tool for constraining small-scale TTL vertical wind variability, examining its impacts on TTL cirrus, and evaluating atmospheric models. We use 20 Hz data from five National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) campaigns to quantify small-scale vertical wind variability in the TTL, and to see how it varies with ice water content, distance from deep convective cores, and height in the TTL. We find that 1 Hz vertical winds are well represented by a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.2–0.4 m s-1. We find that turbulence is enhanced within cirrus with high ice water content (IWC) (g m-3), which also have high ice crystal number concentrations. Consistent with a previous study, we find that turbulence is enhanced over the tropical West Pacific and within 500 km of convection, and is most common in the lower TTL (14–15.5 km) closer to deep convection, and in the upper TTL (15.5–17 km) further from deep convection. An algorithm to classify turbulence, and long wavelength (5 km < λ < 100 km) and short wavelength (λ < 5 km) gravity waves during level flight legs is applied to data from the Airborne Tropical TRopopause Experiment (ATTREX). The most commonly sampled conditions are a quiescent atmosphere with negligible small-scale vertical wind variability, and long wavelength gravity wave activity with or without turbulence. Turbulence rarely occurs in the absence of gravity wave activity. High-IWC cirrus are rare in a quiescent atmosphere, but 20 times more likely when there is gravity wave activity and 50 times more likely when there is also turbulence, confirming the results of the aforementioned modeling studies. Spectral analysis of vertical wind observed in level flight legs over the tropical West Pacific TTL is compared with simulations by four global storm-resolving models with horizontal grid spacings of 3–5 km, sampled over the same region. All four models have too little resolved vertical wind at horizontal wavelengths less than 100 km, but this bias is much less pronounced in global SAM than the other models.
The CMCC Decadal Prediction System
Authors: Nicolì Dario , Bellucci Alessio , Ruggieri Paolo , Athanasiadis Panos , Materia Stefano , Peano Daniele , Fedele Giusy , Gualdi Silvio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Decadal climate predictions, obtained by constraining the initial condition of a dynamical model through a truthful estimate of the observed climate state, provide an accurate assessment of climate change in the near-term range and a useful tool to inform decision-makers on future climate-related risks. Here we present results from the CMIP6 DCPP-A decadal hindcasts produced with the operational CMCC decadal prediction system (CMCC DPS), based on the fully-coupled CMCC-CM2-SR5 dynamical model. A 15-member suite of 10-year retrospective forecasts, initialized every year from 1960 to 2020, is performed using a full-field initialization strategy. The predictive skill for key variables is assessed and compared with the skill of an ensemble of non-initialized historical simulations so as to quantify the added value of initialization. In particular, the CMCC DPS is able to skilfully reproduce past-climate surface temperature fluctuations over large parts of the globe. The North Atlantic Ocean is the region that benefits the most from initialization, with the largest skill enhancement occurring over the subpolar region compared to historical simulations. On the other hand, the predictive skill over the Pacific Ocean rapidly decays with forecast time, especially over the North Pacific. In terms of precipitation, the CMCC DPS skill is significantly higher than that of the historical simulations over a few specific regions, including Sahel, Northern Eurasia and over the Western and Central Europe. The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability is also skilfully predicted, and this likely contributes to the skill found over remote areas through downstream influence, circulation changes and teleconnections. Considering the relatively small ensemble size, a remarkable prediction skill is also found for the North Atlantic Oscillation, with maximum correlations obtained in the 1–9 lead-year range. Model systematic errors also affect the forecast quality of the CMCC DPS, featuring a prominent cold bias over the Northern Hemisphere, which is not found in the historical runs. This lack of agreement suggests that in some areas the adopted full-value initialization strategy likely perturbs the equilibrium state of the model climate quite significantly.
SPEP Plenary Address
Authors: Honig Bonnie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In Frank Capra’s Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Stanley Cavell says, the film camera, a “somatogram,” reads fits and fidgets as a post-Cartesian cogito of embodied thinking. Giorgio Agamben sees the cameras of motion studies at Salpêtrière in the 1880s as dehumanizing normalizers of gesture, but Georges Didi-Huberman claims that what they recorded as hysteria was solicited by them and sometimes refused. Which is it? Does the camera humanize, normalize, or solicit gesture? I consider the question with Anna Rose Holmer’s The Fits (2015). Like Mr. Deeds, The Fits foregrounds non-sovereign body movements, but its protagonist, Toni, agonistically engages the camera’s gaze, extracting from it the respect she deserves. I argue that Toni may be seen as responding to Salpêtrière, and also to Thomas Eakins, in whose attic, in the 1880s, a young Black girl was photographed naked, on a couch. Is her stare a refusal of the white gaze or a coerced pose? Toni’s own stare suggests she avenges such historic wrongs in acts of cinematic agonism. In The Fits, the camera that might have been Toni’s reader/partner (Cavell), betrayer (Agamben), or groomer (Didi-Huberman) becomes a mystical mechanism of remediation and Toni, the ghost in its machine.
The Dred Scott Ontology and the Philosophical Significance of Slave Narratives
Authors: Muller Robin M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Framed by a critical assessment of R. M. Hare’s classic paper “What Is Wrong With Slavery?,” this article argues that traditional forms of philosophical analysis miss chattel slavery’s specifically racialized harm. A crucial reason is the failure to attend to how slavery was experienced by those who were enslaved. To remedy this neglect, and adapting Calvin Warren’s reading of the Dred Scott decision, I show that slave narratives are rich philosophical resources for thinking about the existential reality of enslavement and that they anticipate later insights from the Afro-pessimist and Black nihilist traditions. I conclude by showing how these insights construe the harm of chattel slavery in ways that are inexpressible through the kinds of traditional philosophical sense-making that Hare pursues.
A Phenomenology of the Work of Attention
Authors: Jacobs Hanne 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
With the aim of showing what it takes to see the world and others as they are, this article provides a phenomenological account of what Iris Murdoch has memorably called “the work of attention.” I first show that Aron Gurwitsch’s analyses of attention provide a basis on which to reject a voluntaristic account of attention according to which seeing things as they are is as simple as directing one’s attention to something. Then, in order to elucidate the work that is involved in paying attention, I draw on Edmund Husserl’s descriptions of the activity characteristic of attentive consciousness. I then show how a Husserlian account of the work of attention can help make sense of Murdoch’s pessimistic claim that our consciousness is not “a transparent glass through which it views the world” while also indicating how we, by paying attention, can do better.
The effect of spraying with gasmonic growth regulator and chemical fertilizer on the anatomical characteristics of grapefruit seedlings
Authors: Daoud Mohammed Salim , Al Hamdani Khalid Abdullah Saher 
Published: July 2022

The experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy of the Faculty of Agriculture, Samarra University for the growth season 1/7 to 1/6/2022. The seedlings were brought from Salahuddin governorate in Balad district and 54 seedlings were selected from one and a half year old grapefruit seedlings, which are fed to the origin of the larg, to identify the effect of spraying with the Jasmonates (JA) and to add the endne nutrient solution to the anatomical characteristics of the grapefruit seedlings. Seedlings were sprayed with three concentrations of the Jasmonates Regulator (JA) (0, 5, and 10 mg.L-1) and the addition of three levels of high-nitrogen ENNNE nutrient solution (0, 2.5, 5 ml.L-1); The spraying operation took place on three dates, the first one, 1/7/2021 and the second one, 21 days after the first one, and so on for the third one. Carry out this study in accordance with the design of the Randomized complete Block Design (R.C.B .D) with the Jasmonettes (JA) and the ENNNE feeder solution and with three Sistle Replators per experimental unit.
cross talk between adropin and possible metabolic syndrome disorders in experimental male albino rats
Authors: Azab Mayada Mohamed Ahmed , Mady Nermen Mohamed , Bendary Enas Mohamed El , Sawy Sahar Ahmed El 
Published: July 2022

This research is to study the relationship between adropin and possible metabolic syndrome disorders, also to assess the role of PPAR-α in these disorders in rats. 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups: I-Control group, II-Obese group, III-Obese diabetic group, IV-Adropin treated obese group, V-Adropin treated obese diabetic group. At the end, body weight, BMI, AC/TC ratio and lee index was measured, blood samples were collected for measuring glucose , insulin, HbA1C , HOMA-IR , HOMA-β , TC, TG, HDL-C , LDL-C, atherogenic index , ALT, AST & GGT. The liver was dissected for measuring PPARα expression, TNF-α, IL6 & iNOS. High fat diet produced a significant increase in all anthropometric measures in group (II) and (III) compared to control group. After adropin administration they were signiﬁcantly decreased. The serum blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were significantly increased, while Β- cell function significantly decreased in group (II) and (III) compared to control, however after adropin administration they showed significant decrease while, HOMA-β was significantly decreased. Group (II) and (III) showed significant lipid profile deterioration compared to control group, after adropin treatment lipid profile was significantly improved.
Use molecular method to detect the screw worm fly in Al-Diwaniyah province
Authors: Al-Hameedawi Haneen Habeeb Noor , Jasim Ghaidaa Abass 
Published: July 2022

Chrysomya bezziana this study was carried out between October, 2021 to March 31, 2022 in six region from Al-Diwaniyah province. Observe the influence of the month and type of animal on the region's. The total number of animals infected was 33 (1) cattle, (7) lambs, and (35) sheep. Al-muhnawa had the highest rate of infestation, while Al-hamza had the lowest rate of infestation. The highest rate of infestation recorded in March ()% and the lowest in February ()%.Conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used for molecular identification. A DNA extraction was performed on 50 randomly chosen larvae from the total population. The size of the PCR product (548 pb) For Chrysomya bezziana, from the infected animals larvae were taken to DNA extracted and used following targeting 16S rRNA gene product size (548 bp). There follows sequence analysis to obtain the nucleotide (16S rRNA) gene, and the sequence was recoded in the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) with accession numbers (ON059979, ON059980, ON059981, ON059982, ON059983, ON059984, ON059985)Iraq. This gene's homology sequence identity percentage was calculated by comparing it to another globally registered gene (NCBI).
Brief communication on allele frequency of CYP3A4*22 in Indian population
Authors: Kiranmayee A. , Shyam Sunder R , Bala Krishna N , Kumar B. Dinesh 
Published: July 2022

Cytochrome p450 3A4 polymorphism at CYP3A4*22 has become clinically significant due to its role in metabolizing various drugs. Therefore, in this study we established the frequency of CYP3A4*22 variant in Indian population. The allele frequency distribution was determined in 350 healthy subjects of Indian origin by Real time polymerase chain reaction method. We found that 97% of subjects has AA variant and 3% subjects has AG variant of CYP3A4*22. We did not find any homozygous minor allele AA variant. However, studies conducted in other population also did not show any homologous minor allele with exception to Belgium. The p-value of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is observed as 0.9, which was calculated using the chi-square model. This study shows significant difference in the distribution of allelic variants of CYP3A4*22 among various ethnicities. Therefore, the study results may provide an insight in genotype distribution of the CYP3A4*22 in Indian population for further studies.
Diversity of Net-Textured Sulfides in Magmatic Sulfide Deposits: Insights from the Eagle’s Nest Ni-Cu-(Platinum Group Element) Deposit, McFaulds Lake Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada
Authors: Zuccarelli Natascia , Lesher C. Michael , Houlé Michel G. , Weston Ryan , Barnes Stephen J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Eagle’s Nest Ni-Cu-(platinum group element; PGE) deposit occurs within the 2.73 Ga Esker intrusive complex of the Ring of Fire intrusive suite in the McFaulds Lake greenstone belt of northern Ontario. Mineralization occurs along the northern margin of a formerly ~500-m-high, ~85-m-thick, &gt;1,500-m-long subvertical structurally rotated blade-shaped dike composed of harzburgite, lherzolite, and wehrlite. Three sulfide textural facies are present (percentage as proportion of total mineralization): (1) disseminated (~5%), (2) net texture (~80%), and (3) semimassive to massive (~15%). Five subfacies of net texture have been identified: (1) bimodal olivine-bearing leopard net texture (~50%), (2) inclusion net texture (~5%), (3) orthopyroxene-bearing pinto net texture (&lt;1%), (4) localized zones of disrupted net texture (~30%) containing 3- to 5-cm-thick zones of barren amoeboid crosscutting pyroxenite, and (5) fine-grained patchy net texture (~15%). All textural facies are characterized by typical magmatic pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite-(platinum group mineral) assemblages. Massive sulfides are localized in two embayments along the basal contact separated by a topographic high, grading upward to rare semimassive, laterally more continuous net-textured, and disseminated sulfides, with gradational contacts between all textures except massive. Similar mean ore tenors of different sulfide textural facies (Ni100 ~7.5, Cu100 ~4.8), suggest that the majority of the mineralization formed from similar magma compositions at similar magma/sulfide ratios, but the presence of different inclusion populations (peridotite, gabbro, chromitite) and the presence of disrupted net texture indicates that the olivine, inclusions, and sulfide melts accumulated from multiple pulses in a dynamic system. The smaller, blade-shaped, sulfide-rich, chromite-poor Eagle’s Nest body does not appear to be the feeder to the overlying larger, oblate, sulfide-poor, chromite-rich Double Eagle body. This highlights the need to understand the fluid dynamics of entire plumbing systems when exploring for these deposit types and the significance of smaller, more dynamic magmatic conduits as environments favorable for Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization.
Genesis of the Xiarihamu Magmatic Ni-Co Sulfide Deposit in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau: In Situ Oxygen Isotope and Geochemical Perspectives
Authors: He Hai-Long , Chen Lie-Meng , Song Xie-Yan , Fu Bin , Yi Jun-Nian , Yu Song-Yue , Deng Yu-Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Convergent margins are commonly deemed to have poor potential to form giant magmatic Ni-Cu-(platinum group element) sulfide deposits, due to the possibly low lithospheric geothermal gradient and the small basaltic magma fluxes. This view, however, is challenged by the recent discovery of the Xiarihamu Ni-Co deposit in the East Kunlun orogen (northern Tibetan Plateau), which contains ~157 million metric tons (Mt) of sulfide ores at 0.65% Ni, 0.013% Co, and 0.14% Cu, making it the world’s 20th largest magmatic sulfide deposit. To investigate the mantle source nature, magmatic processes, and their genetic linkage to Ni-Co mineralization in orogenic belts, we presented new in situ orthopyroxene oxygen isotope and pyroxene trace element data from the mafic-ultramafic cumulate rocks at Xiarihamu. Our results show that orthopyroxene crystals have much higher δ18O (6.40–8.58‰) than those in unmodified mantle peridotite (5.72 ± 0.14‰). Orthopyroxene grains in the primitive harzburgite cumulates have the lowest δ18O values (6.40–7.71‰) and the highest Mg# contents (88.7–83.9). From the harzburgite to the evolved lithologies (e.g., websterite and gabbronorite), the δ18O values of orthopyroxene increase, whereas the Mg# values, Ni contents, and heavy/light rare earth element (HREE/LREE) ratios of orthopyroxene decrease, implying crustal contamination during magma fractionation. The δ18O variations and sharp increases in V/Sc and LREE/HREE ratios from the primitive orthopyroxene crystals (with the highest Ni and Mg#) to the evolved ones (with low Ni and Mg#) indicate that crustal contamination played a critical role in sulfide saturation. The absences of any trend in orthopyroxene δ18O values versus Mg# contents, Ni concentrations, and La/Yb ratios toward unmodified mantle values suggest an enriched mantle source. On the mid-ocean ridge basalt (pyroxene)-normalized multielement plots, both orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and calculated parental magma show LREE and large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichments and depletions in Nb-(Ta), Sr, and Zr-(Hf). The predicted primitive magma trace element compositions and the high-δ18O characteristics of the high-Mg# orthopyroxene grains suggest that the Xiarihamu primitive magma was partly originated from the pyroxenite mantle metasomatized by subducted slab-derived melts and fluids. Given the lower solidus temperature of clinopyroxene relative to olivine, pyroxenites in the mantle wedge may generate voluminous high-Ni magmas during partial melting. The high-Ni magmas are likely conducive to magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization in orogenic belts.