bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prebiotics improve osteoporosis indicators in a preclinical model: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Artoni de Carvalho João Alberto , Magalhães Leticia Rocha , Polastri Laryssa Mayara , Batista Ingrid Eloise Trombine , de Castro Bremer Sophia , Caetano Heliard Rodrigues dos Santos , Rufino Marcos Natal , Bremer-Neto Hermann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Studies using experimental models have demonstrated that prebiotics are involved in antiosteoporotic mechanisms.

Objective
This study was conducted to determine the impact of supplementation with prebiotics in the basal diet of ovariectomized rats with induced osteoporosis as a preclinical model.

Methods
A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scielo, and Google through March 2022 for studies that investigated the impact of prebiotics on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone biomechanics.

Results
The search returned 844 complete articles, abstracts, or book chapters. After detailed screening, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Rats (n = 206), were randomly divided between control and treatment groups. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with the 95%CIs were used to estimate the combined effect size. Compared with the control group, dietary intake of prebiotics significantly increased bone density in the BMD subgroups, with WMDs as follows: 0.03 g/cm3, 95%CI, 0.01–0.05, P &lt; 0.00001, n = 46; and 0.00 g/cm2, 95%CI, 0.00–0.02, P &lt; 0.00001, n = 81; total BMD: WMD, 0.01, 95%CI, 0.01–0.02, P &lt; 0.00001, n = 127; bone content in BMC: WMD, 0.02 g, 95%CI, 0.00–0.04, P = 0.05, n = 107; and the 3-point-bend test: WMD, 15.20 N, 95%CI, 5.92–24.47, P = 0.00001, n = 120.

Conclusion
Prebiotics improve indicators of osteoporosis, BMD, BMC, and bone biomechanics in ovariectomized rats. More studies are needed to increase the level of evidence.

Systemic Review Registration
Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies
Tall, heterogeneous forests improve prey capture, delivery to nestlings, and reproductive success for Spotted Owls in southern California
Authors: Wilkinson Zachary A , Kramer H Anu , Jones Gavin M , Zulla Ceeanna J , McGinn Kate , Barry Josh M , Sawyer Sarah C , Tanner Richard , Gutiérrez R J , Keane John J , Peery M Zachariah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Predator–prey interactions can be profoundly influenced by vegetation conditions, particularly when predator and prey prefer different habitats. Although such interactions have proven challenging to study for small and cryptic predators, recent methodological advances substantially improve opportunities for understanding how vegetation influences prey acquisition and strengthen conservation planning for this group. The California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is well known as an old-forest species of conservation concern, but whose primary prey in many regions—woodrats (Neotoma spp.)—occurs in a broad range of vegetation conditions. Here, we used high-resolution GPS tracking coupled with nest video monitoring to test the hypothesis that prey capture rates vary as a function of vegetation structure and heterogeneity, with emergent, reproductive consequences for Spotted Owls in Southern California. Foraging owls were more successful capturing prey, including woodrats, in taller multilayered forests, in areas with higher heterogeneity in vegetation types, and near forest-chapparal edges. Consistent with these findings, Spotted Owls delivered prey items more frequently to nests in territories with greater heterogeneity in vegetation types and delivered prey biomass at a higher rate in territories with more forest-chaparral edge. Spotted Owls had higher reproductive success in territories with higher mean canopy cover, taller trees, and more shrubby vegetation. Collectively, our results provide additional and compelling evidence that a mosaic of large tree forest with complex canopy and shrubby vegetation increases access to prey with potential reproductive benefits to Spotted Owls in landscapes where woodrats are a primary prey item. We suggest that forest management activities that enhance forest structure and vegetation heterogeneity could help curb declining Spotted Owl populations while promoting resilient ecosystems in some regions.
Patient-derived organoids potentiate precision medicine in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xue Yizheng , Wang Bingran , Tao Yiying , Xia Jun , Yuan Kedi , Zheng Junhua , Zhai Wei , Xue Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To investigate the role of patient-derived organoid (PDO) model in the precision medicine of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of seven cases of ccRCC diagnosed by operation and pathology in Renji Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. The seven patients were diagnosed with advanced ccRCC with or without remote metastasis. Cytoreductive and radical nephrectomy was performed respectively. To predict the response to immunotherapy and provide personalized medicine recommendation, a PDO model based on air-liquid interface system was established from the surgical resected tumor and subsequent drug screening was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that the PDO recapitulated the histological feature of parent tumor. Immunofluorescence staining identified that CD3+ T cells, SMA+ cancer associated fibroblasts, and CD31+ endothelial cells were preserved in PDO models. Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) revealed an evidently increased ratio of CD8+/CD4+ T cells and apoptotic tumor cells in PDO treated with toripalimab than those treated with IgG4. The results showed that toripalimab is able to rescue the excessive death of CD8+ T cells by critically reversing the immune exhaustion state of ccRCC in PDO model. This research validated that PDO is a promising and faithful preclinical model for prediction of immunotherapy response in patients with ccRCC.
Unique opportunities for future research on the alternative oxidase of plants
Authors: McDonald Allison E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlternative oxidase (AOX) is a terminal oxidase present in the electron transport system of all plants examined to date that plays an important role in the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Due to recent advances in cell and tissue culture, genetic engineering, and bioinformatic resources for nonmodel plants, it is now possible to study AOX in a broader diversity of species to investigate the full taxonomic distribution of AOX in plants. Additional functions of AOX should be investigated in thermogenic, carnivorous, and parasitic plants with atypical life histories. Recent methodological improvements in oxygen sensing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technology, and protein biochemistry will allow for considerable advancement on questions that have been long standing in the field due to experimental limitations. The role of AOX in secondary metabolism and mitochondrial metabolic pathways should also be examined due to recent discoveries in analogous systems in other organelles and fungi.
A deep-learning model of prescient ideas demonstrates that they emerge from the periphery
Authors: Vicinanza Paul , Goldberg Amir , Srivastava Sameer B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Where do prescient ideas—those that initially challenge conventional assumptions but later achieve widespread acceptance—come from? Although their outcomes in the form of technical innovation are readily observed, the underlying ideas that eventually change the world are often obscured. Here, we develop a novel method that uses deep learning to unearth the markers of prescient ideas from the language used by individuals and groups. Our language-based measure identifies prescient actors and documents that prevailing methods would fail to detect. Applying our model to corpora spanning the disparate worlds of politics, law, and business, we demonstrate that it reliably detects prescient ideas in each domain. Moreover, counter to many prevailing intuitions, prescient ideas emanate from each domain’s periphery rather than its core. These findings suggest that the propensity to generate far-sighted ideas may be as much a property of contexts as of individuals.
Researching Protest Policing in South Africa: A Discourse Analysis of the Police–Researcher Encounter
Authors: Cornell Josephine , Malherbe Nick , Seedat Mohamed , Suffla Shahnaaz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Researchers have played a significant role in influencing the public’s critical engagement with the South African Police Service (SAPS). Resultantly, SAPS officers tend to be wary and/or untrusting of researchers. In the present study, we sought to understand how this climate of suspicion impacts policing research in South Africa. To do so, we employed a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis on emails leading up to a study with SAPS officers, and on the transcripts of three focus group discussions with SAPS officers. We identified three discursive strategies that SAPS employed: Security Stall (i.e. blocking research through bureaucratic procedure), Eliciting Sympathy (i.e. winning sympathy for the struggles of SAPS officers) and Undermining the Researcher Subjectivity (i.e. rendering legitimate knowledge on protest violence the sole product of police officers). These strategies destabilize police research while challenging the broader discursive terrain within which SAPS is located. We conclude by offering some insights for police research.
The Later Wittgenstein on Expressive Moral Judgements
Authors: Fairhurst Jordi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper shows that Wittgenstein's later explorations of the meaning of expressive moral judgements reach far deeper than has so far been noticed. It is argued that an adequate description of the meaning of expressive moral judgements requires engaging in a grammatical investigation that focuses on three interwoven components within specific language-games. First, the ethical reactions expressed by moral words and the additional purpose they may fulfil. Second, the features of the actions which are bound up with moral words and are constitutive of our moral evaluations. And, finally, the forms of life in which expressive moral judgements and moral language-games are embedded.
Ethics and Moral Agency for a Postpandemic Era: Beyond the Storm
Authors: Swisher Laura Lee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Laura Lee (Dolly) Swisher, PT, MDiv, PhD, FAPTA, the 53rd Mary McMillan Lecturer, is professor emerita and former director of the school of physical therapy and rehabilitation sciences at the University of South Florida in the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine. Dr Swisher received a bachelor of arts degree from Wilson College and is a 1986 physical therapy graduate of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis. She received the M.Div. from Andover Newton Theological School and a doctoral degree in public administration from Tennessee State University. Dr Swisher is a highly regarded expert on professionalism, ethics, and interprofessional education and has been a featured speaker at local, state, and national conferences. She is the coauthor of Rehabilitation Ethics for Professional Practice, Professionalism in Physical Therapy and Legal and Ethical Issues in Physical Therapy and is a lead author or coauthor of multiple peer reviewed articles and individual book chapters. She served as a member and chair of the Commission on Accreditation for Physical Therapy Education, was former chair and member of the APTA Ethics and Judicial Committee, and served as co-chair of the Task Force to Revise the Core Ethics Documents. Dr Swisher served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Physical Therapy Education and is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Humanities in Rehabilitation. She is the recipient of APTA's Lucy Blair Service Award and the Polly Cerasoli Lecture Award and is a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of the APTA.
The Effect of Anesthetic Agent and Mean Arterial Pressure on Functional Outcome After General Anesthesia for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Crimmins Danielle , Ryan Elizabeth , Shah Darshan , Lwin Thar-Nyan , Ayotte Steven , Redmond Kendal , Highton David 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The optimal general anesthetic (GA) technique for stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (ET) is unclear. We compared favorable outcomes and mortality in patients receiving propofol or volatile GA during ET and assessed associations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and outcome.

Methods:
Ninety-three patients with anterior circulation stroke who received propofol or volatile GA during ET between February 2015 and February 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Ninety-day modified Rankin scores were compared and mortality was adjusted for intravenous thrombolysis and diabetes. We performed ordinal logistic regression analyses containing MAP time/exposure thresholds.

Results:
There was no difference in the rate of favorable outcome (modified Rankin scores 0-2) in the volatile and propofol groups (48.8% vs. 55.8%, respectively; P=0.5). Ninety-day mortality was lower in patients receiving propofol (11.5%) than in those receiving volatile GA (29.3%) (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.94; P=0.03); this mortality benefit was greater in patients that did not receive intravenous thrombolysis before ET (odds ratio for survival, 6; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 31.74). There was no difference in MAP between groups and a (nonsignificant) trend towards the benefit of MAP <90 mm Hg but not <70 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
Favorable outcome rates were similar in stroke patients receiving propofol or volatile GA during ET. Propofol was associated with lower mortality, an effect magnified in patients that did not receive intravenous thrombolysis. MAP time/exposure thresholds were associated with outcome but independent of the anesthetic agent. Our data suggest that a difference in outcome related to an anesthetic agent may exist; this hypothesis needs to be tested in a prospective study.
The Association of Low CD4 Expression on Monocytes and Low CD8+ T-Cell Count at Hospital Admission Predicts the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Prospective Monocentric Cohort Study
Authors: Allardet-Servent Jérôme , Ait Belkacem Ines , Miloud Tewfik , Benarous Lucas , Galland Franck , Halfon Philippe , Mège Jean-Louis , Penaranda Guillaume , Busnel Jean-Marc , Malergue Fabrice 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To identify COVID-19-associated immunophenotyping patterns at hospital admission and to determine if some patterns could predict the need for mechanical ventilation (MV).

DESIGN:
Prospective observational monocentric cohort study.

SETTING:
A university-affiliated hospital in Marseille, France.

PATIENTS:
Thirty patients presenting with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled within the first 48 hours of hospital admission and compared with 18 healthy controls.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Whole-blood leukocytes were immunophenotyped with a rapid and simplified one-step flow cytometry method. Thirty-eight immune and five laboratory parameters were compared first between COVID-19 patients and controls and then between the COVID-19 patients who received or not MV during their stays. The variables that significantly discriminated MV from non-MV patients in univariate analysis were entered into a multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis. The COVID-19 patients were predominantly male (87%), aged 61 years (50–71 yr), and 93% received early corticosteroid therapy. Sixteen patients (53%) were managed with noninvasive respiratory support, and 14 (47%) required MV. Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients were characterized by an immune signature featuring: 1) decreased HLA-DR expression on monocytes; 2) reduced basophils, eosinophils, T-cells, NK cells, and nonclassical monocyte count; and 3) up regulation of CD169 on monocytes, CD64 on neutrophils, the adhesion/migration markers (CD62L and CD11b), and the checkpoint inhibitor CD274 on myeloid cells. Among the COVID-19 patients, those who received MV had lower level of CD4 and HLA-DR on monocytes, lower CD8+ T-cell count, and higher lactate dehydrogenase at hospital admission. In multivariate analysis, only CD4 on monocytes (p = 0.032) and CD8+ T-cell count (p = 0.026) were associated with MV requirement. The model combining these two variables provided an area under curve of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS:
The association of low CD4 on monocytes and low CD8+ T-cell count at hospital admission was highly predictive of the need for MV in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Clinical Outcome in Children With Cancer With Two or More Microorganisms Isolated From Blood Cultures During Episodes of Fever and Neutropenia
Authors: Ibáñez Carolina , Torres Juan Pablo , De La Maza Verónica , Rivera Salome , Valenzuela Romina , Simian Maria Elvira , Payá Ernesto , Álvarez Ana María , Contardo Verónica , Martínez Daniela , Claverie Ximena , Santolaya María Elena 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Bacterial bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer and episodes of fever and neutropenia (FN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome in children with cancer with 2 or more microorganisms isolated from blood cultures during their episodes of FN.

Methods:
Between 2016 and 2021, children presenting with high-risk FN, admitted to any of the 6 participating hospitals in Santiago, Chile, were included in this study if they have positive blood cultures. We compared the clinical outcome of children with 2 or more microorganisms versus those with single agent isolation.

Results:
A total of 1074 episodes of high-risk FN were enrolled in the study period, of which 27% (298) had positive blood cultures and 3% (32) had 2 or more microorganisms isolated from blood cultures. The most frequent identified agents were Viridans group streptococci and Escherichia coli in 20%, followed by Coagulase negative staphylococci in 14%. Children with 2 or more microorganisms presented more days of fever (7 vs. 4 days, P = 0.02), needed longer courses of antimicrobial therapy (16 vs. 14 days, P = 0.04) and had higher mortality at day 30 (13% vs. 1%, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Children with cancer and FN with 2 or more microorganisms isolated from blood cultures had a worse clinical outcome than children with single agent isolation.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Telecommuting Environments and Shoulder Pain Among Japanese Telecommuting Workers
Authors: Sato Hideyuki , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Ando Hajime , Odagami Kiminori , Mafune Kosuke , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork project
Published: December 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between telecommuting environments and shoulder pain in Japanese telecommuters.

Methods
We conducted an Internet-monitored, cross-sectional study and analyzed 2537 participants who mainly telecommuted at least 4 days per week. We assessed the presence of shoulder pain using a numerical rating scale and the characteristics of the telecommuting environment by asking eight questions. We used multilevel logistic regression analysis with the city of residence as a random effect.

Results
Inadequate desk brightness (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.78), inadequate foot space (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02–1.58), and uncomfortable temperature and humidity (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16–1.72) were associated with shoulder pain in multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
Inappropriate telecommuting environments were associated with an increase in the prevalence of shoulder pain in Japanese telecommuters.
Mobilizing Domestic Funds for the HIV/AIDS Response in Nigeria: Estimating the Potential Contribution of the National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Oladele Tolulope T. , Olakunde Babayemi O. , Mao Wenhui , Oladele Edward Adekola , Ogundipe Alex , Yamey Gavin , Ogbuoji Osondu 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Amid the dwindling donor support for HIV in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for additional domestic HIV funding. This study estimates the required financial resources for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the potential magnitude of domestic resources for HIV through the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and by prioritizing HIV within the health budget.

Methods:
We estimated the resource needs for providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to adults, children, and pregnant women living with HIV under 3 scenarios: current coverage rates, coverage rates based on historical trends, and a rapid scale-up situation. We conducted a fiscal space analysis to estimate the potential contribution from macroeconomic growth, the NHIS, and prioritizing HIV within the health budget from 2020 to 2025.

Results:
At current coverage rates, the annual treatment costs for adults would range between US$ 505 million in 2020 to US$ 655 million in 2025; for children, it ranges from US$ 33.5 million in 2020 to US$ 32 million in 2025. The annual costs of providing PMTCT at current coverage rates range from US$ 65 million in 2020 to US$ 72 million in 2025. An additional US$ 319 million could potentially be generated between 2020 and 2025 through the NHIS for HIV. Prioritizing HIV within the health budget can generate an additional US$ 686 million.

Conclusion:
Substantial domestic funds can be mobilized by these means to sustain the HIV response. However, because this additional funding may not be sufficient to cover all PLHIV, a phased approach, initially prioritizing certain populations such as children or pregnant women, is recommended.