bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distances to Local Group Galaxies via Population II, Stellar Distance Indicators. II. The Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal*
Authors: Oakes Elias K. , Hoyt Taylor J. , Freedman Wendy L. , Madore Barry F. , Tran Quang H. , Cerny William , Beaton Rachael L. , Seibert Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We determine three independent Population II distance moduli to the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, using wide-field, ground-based VI imaging acquired with the Magellan-Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. After subtracting foreground stars using Gaia EDR3 proper motions, we measure an I-band tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) magnitude of

I

0

TRGB

=
16.753
±

0.03

stat

±

0.037

sys

mag, with a calibration based in the LMC giving a distance modulus of

μ

0

TRGB

=
20.80
±

0.037

stat

±

0.057

sys

mag. We determine an RR Lyrae (RRL) distance from template mean magnitudes, with periods adopted from the literature. Adopting a Gaia DR2 calibration of first overtone RRL period–luminosity and period–Wesenheit relations, we find

μ

0

PLZ

=
20.74
±

0.01

stat

±

0.12

sys

mag and

μ

0

PWZ

=
20.68
±

0.02

stat

±

0.07

sys

mag. Finally, we determine a distance from Fornax’s horizontal branch (HB) and two galactic globular cluster calibrators, giving

μ

0

HB

=
20.83
±

0.03

stat

±

0.09

sys

mag. These distances are each derived from homogeneous IMACS photometry, are anchored to independent geometric zero-points, and utilize different classes of stars. We therefore average over independent uncertainties and report the combined distance modulus 〈μ
0〉 =20.770 ± 0.042stat ± 0.024sys mag (corresponding to a distance of 143 ± 3 kpc).
An Evaluation of Electrostatic Lofting and Subsequent Particle Motion on Bennu
Authors: Hartzell Christine , Zimmerman Michael , Hergenrother Carl 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electrostatic lofting is the detachment of particles from a surface that occurs if the electrostatic force on the particles is greater than the forces binding the particles to the surface. Electrostatic lofting has been hypothesized to occur on the Moon and observed in the laboratory environment. Because gravity is much weaker on asteroids than on the Moon, the hypothesis of electrostatic lofting has naturally been extended to these smaller airless bodies. We evaluate the feasibility of electrostatic lofting on Bennu using two formulations of the patched charge model. We find that submillimeter particles can be lofted from Bennu’s dayside and, depending on their initial conditions, will reimpact or escape. The size and speed of the predicted electrostatically lofted particles are compared to those of the particle ejection events recently observed on Bennu. We find that dayside electrostatic lofting is not consistent with the size and speed of particles in the largest ejection events observed by the OSIRIS-REx mission. However, the escape of submillimeter particles has implications for the particle size distribution on Bennu’s surface. Additionally, we model particle charging on Bennu’s nightside due to secondary electron emission and find the resulting electrostatic force to be too weak to produce electrostatic lofting on the nightside.
Un regard anthropologique sur les voies et les limites de l’innovation dans les marchés traditionnels : le cas du thé vert au Maroc
Authors: El Hassouni Soumaya 
Published: April 2022

Cette recherche vise à explorer les rituels qui accompagnent la consommation d’une boisson traditionnelle le but étant d’identifier les pistes et les résistances à l’innovation. L’étude porte sur une boisson à fort contenu culturel et dont l’acte de consommation s’accompagne de plusieurs rituels traditionnels : le thé à la menthe au Maroc. La recherche a été menée suivant une démarche interprétativiste des données recueillies auprès de deux groupes de consommateurs. L’analyse de contenu appuyée par le logiciel NVIVO a permis l’émergence de plusieurs représentations : emprunté à l’anthropologie alimentaire, le concept de commensalité est éclairant en matière de motivation à l’observance des rituels et, par ricochet, de barrière à l’innovation. Le plaisir gustatif et, dans une moindre mesure, l’identité culturelle sont également prégnants. Les freins à une consommation traditionnalisée sont la résultante d’une attitude plus rationnelle et permettent d’envisager de possibles pistes à l’innovation : ils s’articulent autour du risque sanitaire, du défaut de praticité ainsi que du blasement des goûts.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Camila da 
Published: April 2022

A 25ª Edição da Revista Tecnológica apresenta artigos das áreas de Construção Civil, Ambiental, Tecnologia de Informação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Materiais, Engenharia de Produção e Segurança do Trabalho.
Destacamos que a Revista Tecnológica conta com ISSN online (a partir de setembro de 2015), e atribui a todos os artigos publicados em suas Edições o DOI, identificador digital, que identifica e localiza artigos no ambiente da internet.
Para esta Edição destaca-se, nos artigos da comunidade externa, o interesse de pesquisadores vinculados a Instituições de Ensino de São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais e Maranhão.
Agradecemos o interesse de autores e leitores na Revista Tecnológica, bem como o trabalho do Conselho Editorial e dos revisores, pela criteriosa revisão dos manuscritos, que torna possível a manutenção e crescimento desta revista.
Changes in Modified Mallampati Class in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Prone Position – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Gupta Bhavna , Chandra Prakash , Kumar Ajit 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Assessment and evaluation of changes in modified Mallampati class (MMC) in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the prone position.

Patients and Methods:
Seventy-one patients undergoing PCNL in prone position who satisfied inclusion criteria were studied and their MMC was assessed preoperatively. The MMC was assessed immediately after surgery and 6 h, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. The number of attempts for successful intubation, duration of surgery, the quantity of intraoperative fluids and irrigation fluids used, and blood loss was recorded to identify any significant correlation with changes in MMC.

Results:
MMC changed in 17 patients (23.9%) with the grade increasing by one in all the patients. Among the 17 patients who showed a change in MMC, 8 patients returned to baseline within 6 h, 6 patients at 12 h and the remaining 3 patients at 24 h.

Conclusion:
MMC worsened by one grade in almost one-quarter of the patients undergoing PCNL in the prone position. This change in MMC had no clinically significant correlation with the number of attempts for successful intubation, duration of surgery, quantity of intraoperative fluids and irrigation fluids used, and blood loss.
Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its correlation with clinicoradiological features
Authors: Imtiaz Sadia , Batubara Enas Mansour 
Published: April 2022

CONTEXT:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in Saudi Arabia. Little local data have been reported on bronchoscopic evaluation of sputum-negative pulmonary TB patients, which poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

AIMS:
To determine the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and its correlation with clinical and radiological features in sputum-negative, culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with definite or probable pulmonary TB with overall negative (smear and/or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) or scanty sputum that had undergone bronchoscopy with BAL over a period of 5 years. Patients’ symptoms, radiological features, lung lobe lavaged, BAL acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, Mycobacterium TB (MTB)-PCR, and mycobacterial cultures were analyzed. Mycobacterial cultures (either sputum or BAL) were used as a reference standard.

RESULTS:
Out of 154 patients, 49 (32%) were overall sputum negative and underwent a diagnostic bronchoscopy. Dry cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity identified in 15 (31%) patients. Fifty-nine percent of the patients had diffuse lung infiltrates, with consolidation being the most common abnormality (41%), followed by cavitation (39%). Right upper lobe was the most frequent lung lobe lavaged (31%), while transbronchial lung biopsies (TBLB) were obtained in 21 (43%). BAL mycobacterial culture and MTB PCR were positive in 35 (71%) and 23 (47%) patients, respectively. Combined BAL MTB PCR and TBLB provided rapid diagnosis in 28 (57%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
An overall diagnostic yield of 90% was achieved with combined use of BAL MTB PCR, culture, and histopathology. Upper lobe lavage and presence of cavities on chest imaging had a higher diagnostic yield.
Assessment of Parents’ Awareness about Urinary Tract Infections in Children of Babylon Province
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ola H. , Al-Salman Abdul R. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infectious diseases in children. Early recognition and prompt treatment are vital aspects in its management to prevent complications. The major challenges for parents, clinicians, and health workers are related to the wide variation of disease presentation. So the parents must be fully informed about UTI in children.

Objective:
To assess parents’ awareness about UTI in their children and determine the main factors that may affect the degree of parents’ awareness. With the enhancement of parents’ awareness via correction of any wrong answers, resolving any question or confusion.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2021 until the end of June 2021 and included 300 parents of children aged 2–12 years, presented with symptoms suggestive of UTI visiting teaching hospitals, primary health care centers, and urological and pediatric private clinics in Babylon province. Parents were interviewed for about 10–15 minutes by using a predesigned questionnaire.

Results:
Mean age was 32.20 ± 8.81 years. Females comprised the majority of study participants (77.67%), whereas males comprised the remaining (22.33%). All of the fathers were married, as were 95.71% of mothers. Most fathers had university or higher education (55.22%), whereas most mothers had below-university education (57.08%). Most of the parents had medium income (85% of fathers and 83% of mothers). About two-third of them reside in urban areas (68% of fathers and 64% of mothers). Two children account for higher rank of children number (28%). Fever was the most frequent presenting symptom (65%). Overall parents’ awareness score was medium in 50% of participants and high in 49%. Similarly, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment scores were nearly equal between high (46.67%, 44.33%, and 44.67% respectively) and medium (45.67%, 45.67%, and 45.67% respectively), while prevention score was high in 52%, complication score was medium in 59%. Symptoms and diagnosis scores were significantly higher in residents of rural areas. Treatment and prevention scores were significantly higher in those with higher education. Complication score was significantly higher in those with higher children number, male, illiterate, and rural residents.

Conclusions:
Parents in Babylon province have an acceptable level of awareness about UTI in their children, with highly educated parents having more degree of awareness about UTI treatment and prevention than those with a lower level of education. Parents from rural areas have more information about UTI symptoms, diagnosis, and complications than those from urban areas, with important role of experience on the parents' awareness about UTI complications.
The Association between Hyponatremia and Recurrent Febrile Convulsion
Authors: Hameed Hadeel Rashid Abdul , Jabur Susan Kareem Kamel 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Febrile seizures are a common pediatric problem, yet there is a great deal of disagreement about the appropriate diagnostic evaluation of a child with this disorder. Different predisposing factors have suggested enhancing the susceptibility to febrile seizure and its recurrence.

Objective:
To determine the effect of hyponatremia in recurrent febrile convulsions.

Materials and Methods:
A case-control study was carried out at Al-Zahraa teaching hospital in Al-Najaf city during the period between 1 January and the end of October 2021. One hundred fifty children in the age range between six months and six years old were studied. We classified the patients into three groups: Group (A) included 50 children who presented with fever without seizure; group (B) included 50 children who presented with simple febrile convulsion; and group (C) included 50 children who presented with recurrent febrile convulsions. Group A was considered as the control group. The serum level of sodium Na+ was estimated in these three groups by Na kits.

Results:
There was no significant difference between males and females, in all age groups. Also, it was shown that a family history of febrile convulsion represented 20%, 50%, and 50% in groups A, B, and C, respectively; a family history of recurrent febrile convulsion represented 4%, 4%, and 10%, in groups A, B, and C, respectively; and a family history of epilepsy represented 0%, 4%, and 0% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. A value of P in family history of febrile convulsion was 0.002, in family history of recurrent febrile convulsion was 0.345, and in family history of epilepsy was 0.132. Therefore, there was no significant difference in all parameters except a family history of febrile convulsion that was significant in all three groups. Also, the study will show no significant difference in age, white blood cell count, and random blood surge whereas there is a significant difference in temperature. A significant difference in serum sodium level was the lowest in group C. Regarding calcium level, there was a significant difference between groups A and B.

Conclusion:
There is a significant association between recurrent febrile convulsion and lower level of serum sodium, in which serum sodium concentration is lower in those patients with recurrent febrile convulsion.
Cognitive Deficits in Alcohol Dependence—A Case–control Analytical Study
Authors: Vijay Pooja , Khan Aslam , Sowmya A. V. , Chaudhury Suprakash , Chaudhari Bhushan , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Use and abuse of alcohol is well known. Its abuse, predominantly its dependence, can cause medical, psychological, and social issues. Excessive alcohol intake over time is linked to cognitive problems, including memory loss. Excessive alcohol use has been linked to significant cognitive deficits that can last even after the person stops drinking. Executive functioning impairments are most likely to impact rehabilitation outcomes in people with cognitive impairment.

Aim:
To study the cognitive impairments in alcohol dependence and comparing with healthy individuals.

Methods:
An observational, analytical case–control study was done on 30 alcohol-dependent patients after stabilization and 25 healthy individuals from July 2019 to July 2021 in a tertiary care center in Pune; all subjects after diagnosis were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Stroop Test, and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST).

Results:
The mean score on MMSE of the case group was 28.60 and the controls—29.72. The mean score on FAB of the case group was 16.45 and the controls—17.4. The mean score on BIS of the case group was 16.45 and in control 17.4. Stroop Effect score of the case group was 187.16 seconds and in control it was 146.92 seconds, all being statically significant in comparison. On the WCST, all the findings were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Long-term alcohol consumption affects executive functions considerably. The current study showed significant cognitive deficits in individuals with alcohol dependence mainly in executive functions, working memory, and high impulsiveness.
Factors Effective on Recurrence and Metastasis in Phyllodes Tumors
Authors: Altiok M , Kurt F 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:
Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare biphasic breast tumors containing stromal mesenchyme and epithelial components. It was classified as benign, borderline, and malignant by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although there is no certainty about the size of the desired margin in the surgery to be applied, a tumor-free area of 1 cm is often targeted. Our study aimed to determine the subtype rates in patients with PT and evaluate the surgical margin, recurrence, and survival times obtained after the surgery.

Patients and Methods:
This study was conducted at Seyhan Goverment Hospital and involved the PT patients treated between January 2010 and June 2020. We analyzed PT patients retrospectively. Sixty-one patients with PT were analyzed. In the patient, demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedures, tumor type, size, mitosis rate, and distance of tumor to surgical margin were evaluated. During follow-up, reoperation, recurrence, metastasis, survival times, and mortality rates were evaluated.

Results:
Sixty-one phyllodes breast tumor patients whose histopathology was reported as malignant, borderline, and benign were evaluated and presented in our study. The mean age was 37.84 (15–100), and the BMI was 25.78 (±5.35) mm. Of the 61 patients, 41 (67.2%) were diagnosed with benign phyllodes tumor (BPT), 10 (16.4%) as borderline phyllodes tumor (BLPT), and 10 (16.4%) as malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT).

Conclusions:
Preoperative diagnosis of PT can reduce the rate of secondary surgical procedures and the loss of extra breast tissue. A large diameter needle and sufficient number of tissue samples for preoperative core biopsy may increase the rate of accurate diagnosis.
Shoulder Tip Pain After Cesarean Section
Authors: Şimşek F , Kara U , İnce ME , Sir E , Eksert S , Ozkan G , Şenkal S 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:
Shoulder tip pain is a common but overlooked complication during the postoperative cesarean section. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the anesthesia method and the incidence of shoulder tip pain.

Patients and Methods:
In this randomized clinical study, 117 patients who underwent cesarean section were divided into two groups as spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. The demographic characteristics, the presence, the severity of shoulder tip pain, and also analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours were compared.

Results:
The incidence of shoulder tip pain was significantly higher in the spinal anesthesia group than in the general anesthesia group (p = 0.032). While there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the number of patients who needed opioid treatment within the first 24 hours between patients with and without STP, a statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study shows that the frequency and severity of shoulder pain are higher in women who have had cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, compared to those who had received general anesthesia.
Whole-body CT Indications in Emergency Medicine Trauma Patients
Authors: Özçete E , Uz İ , Arslan B , Yalçınlı S , Altuncı YA 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Whole-body computerized tomography (CT) scan designed as early diagnosis of traumatic injuries and prevention of unnoticeable injuries. Using Whole-body CT in trauma patients still controversial, there is no consensus on indications.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to clarify indications and cut-off levels in vital parameters in trauma patients who undergo Whole-body CT to prevent unnecessary or negative scans.

Patients and Methods:
We evaluated patients with trauma who applied our emergency service between 01.09.2019 and 30.09.2020. Patients above 18 years old with Whole-body CT scan included. Whole-body CT reports were evaluated according to five categories; cranial-face, vertebra, thorax, abdomen, pelvis-bone.

Results:
The review of whole-body CT reports, 46.3% detected normally. But, 53.7% of patients had injuries at least one zone, 23.3% at least two zones, and 7.4% at least three zones respectively. Prediction criteria of Whole-body CT for the patients with two or three zones injury, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤100 mm Hg, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) <15, and free fluid in Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) were independent variables in regression analysis. When patients had at least one of three variables, the negative predictive value of whole-body CT was 96% for three zones and 91% for two zones.

Conclusion:
The cut-off values of GCS <15 and SBP ≤100 mm Hg were useful vital parameters in making whole-body CT decisions in trauma patients in the emergency service. Also, free fluid detection in FAST can be used for whole-body CT decisions.
A Study of Spectrum of Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia in a Teaching Institute of South India
Authors: Sabitha Rani SS , Vamshidhar IS , Bangaru S , John NA , John J 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:
Sickle cell syndrome is a group of inherited hematological disorders with varying degrees of anemia, jaundice, fatiguability along with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The clinical presentations can be may vary and therefore require thorough investigations. We tried to evaluate the spectrum of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia in pediatric patients of our hospital.

Patients and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, A total of n = 200 consecutive cases were detected during the period of study. A thorough history and detailed clinical examination were done. Hb electrophoresis was done in the present study using HYDRASYS ® Electrophoresis Systems from Sebia.

Results:
The overall prevalence of SCD in our study was 6.83% the existence of this is found to be greater in the males as compared to females which is in agreement with prevalence across India with more male than female. Thalassemia was prevalent at the rate of 3.96%, sickle cell anemia had a prevalence of 1.98% sickle thalassemia was 0.89%. N = 20 pairs of Parents recognized genetic counseling i.e., with a single child or who wanted further children readily underwent HPLC analysis.

Conclusion:
The existence of SCD in our study group is lesser as compared to the South India average. Preventive programs consisting of public education, population screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis have been very effective in reducing both rates of β-Thalassemia major. Sickle cell anemia is of prime importance because of its high prevalence, morbimortality and the absence of curative treatments.