bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for Policy Coordination under Alternative Types of Macroeconomic Theory
Authors: Illing G. 
Published: September 2022

Recently, in most of the economically advanced European countries inflation has been substantially reduced. But that went together with a rise in the rate of unemployment to levels not experienced for the last 30 years. Forecasts predict that unemployment is unlikely to decrease within the coming years. The increased interdependence of national economies led to calls for coordinated policy actions in order to expand economic activity in Europe, thus avoiding costly non-cooperative strategies.There is, however, a strong criticism of proposals for coordination of national stabilisation policies. Economic theory, it is said, proves that such a coordination is at best superfluous and may even be harmful. An eloquent exponent of this view is Vaubel (1985).This view is the result of assuming that there is no need for macropolicy on a national level in the first place. The present paper intends to show that this cannot be justified on purely theoretical grounds. It will be argued that this assumption does not follow from sound theoretical arguments.
European Policy Coordination: An Evaluation
Authors: Oudiz Gilles 
Published: September 2022

According to the European Community Commission the present level of unemployment in Europe should not only last but worsen in the foreseeable future (see CCE 1984). By 1988 the overall unemployment rate in Europe should reach 11,4% if the « optimistic » assumptions retained for the labor supply are to be realized.These are of course average figures but on the whole they correctly reflect the extraordinary convergence of European deflationary policies. Given structural differences, which remain very limited when one compares them to the other Western economies, the European governments seem to have settled for the same macroeconomic strategies. Of course, they have chosen different timings. France, for example, has grown more than its partners in 1981-1982 but is now experiencing a prolonged recession. Whereas West Germany is doing better as far as GNP is concerned but grew very little in the early 80 s. On the whole however a back of the envelope calculation of « sacrifice ratios » for the leading European economies would yield quite similar results. All over Europe disinflation has been achieved at a high output cost and it is not clear that any country has really done better than its partners.
Le taux de profit et la composition organique du capital dans le cycle long de l'aprés-guerre: le cas de l'industrie française de 1959 à 1981
Authors: Reati Angelo 
Published: September 2022

I. INTRODUCTION1. Le but du présent travail est de contribuer à la compréhension de la crise « structurelle » des années soixante-dix en France par une analyse du taux de profit, l'un des éléments fondamentaux qui déterminent les cycles longs. Etant donné que, dans la version marxiste de cette théorie, l'évolution de la rentabilité est souvent expliquée par la «loi» de la baisse tendancielle du taux de profit (Marx, 1974, livre III, chap. 13, 14 et 15), je concentrerai l'attention sur ce dernier aspect, en essayant d'établir si, dans l'industrie française, la baisse du taux de profit est ou non «tendancielle».Cette recherche part de la constatation que le débat théorique a épuisé ses possibilités: dès que l'on prononce 1'«oraison funèbre» de la «loi» (Van Parijs, 1980), celle-ci, comme le Phénix, renaît de ses cendres (Weeks, 1982, Hunt, 1983) et continue, pour de nombreux économistes marxistes, d'inspirer l'explication de la crise actuelle. Il semble dès lors que de nouveaux progrès ne puissent résulter que d'une vérification empirique.La «loi» considérée peut être appliquée dans trois contextes relativement distincts, à savoir les tendances séculaires de l'accumulation, la théorie des cycles longs et les cycles conjoncturels de six ou sept ans. Dans le premier cas (celui qui est envisagé par Marx), la tendance à très long terme est habituellement associée à l'écroulement du capitalisme.
Unemployment and Fiscal Activism in a Small Open Economy
Authors: Bradley John 
Published: September 2022

SECTION 1 : INTRODUCTIONAn endemically high rate of unemployment has always been one of the most pressing problems facing policy makers in Ireland. Since 1980 the unemployment rate has risen inexorably, as illustrated in Figure 1. Furthermore, on the basis of the most recent medium-term projections to 1990 (Bacon (1986)), the unemployment rate is set to continue to rise, albeit at a much slower rate, to over 18 per cent of the labour force. This more recent rise in unemployment is, of course, a phenomenon not confined to Ireland, but shared, in one form or another, by many other European economies.All political groups in Ireland place great emphasis on their policies to alleviate unemployment. The extent of direct state intervention in the Irish labour market can be seen clearly from Figure 2. Employment in the sheltered marketed services sector grew over the period 1973-83 by 18.4 percent (56900), while employment in the non-market sector (public administration and other non-marketed services) grew by 40.2 percent (68700). While industrial employment remained relatively stagnant, displaying cyclical highs in 1974 and 1980, agricultural employment declined steadily. Over the same period, the labour force grew by 17.7 percent (196900) and migration abroad, having declined from a net outflow of about 60000 per annum in 1959 to a zero net flow by 1970, became a net inflow during the years of 1973-78, but has returned to a net outflow since 1983 (Figure 3).
Réforme fiscale et chômage: leçons tirées d’un modèle économétrique pour la Belgique
Authors: Wibaut Serge 
Published: September 2022

1. INTRODUCTIONSi nous n’étions pas ici dans une institution vouée à la recherche scientifique, la situation économique de la Belgique se prêterait à une question d’aspect relativement superstitieux. Nous sommes effectivement en droit de nous demander si les plaies de l’Egypte ne se sont pas abattues sur notre pays. Montant record de la dette publique, un taux de chômage parmi les plus élevés au sein des pays membres de l’OCDE, baisse de l’investissement et du pouvoir d’achat, multiples faillites d’entreprises: tout se conjugue pour nous montrer que notre pays traverse une des périodes les plus sombres de son histoire économique. Plusieurs grands prêtres économistes ont certes émis des avis plus éminents les uns que les autres à ce sujet, mais il nous faut bien reconnaître que la comparaison biblique s’arrête là et que la Belgique n’a pas encore trouvé son Moïse.
Equilibre Général et Concurrence Imparfaite: un tour d'horizon
Authors: Gary-Bobo Robert 
Published: September 2022

RésuméLa problématique de l'équilibre général en présence de concurrence imparfaite est examinée à l'occasion d'une vue d'ensemble de la littérature consacrée au sujet. On tâchera de souligner à la fois les apports et les limites de la théorie sur cette question, plus particulièrement dans la perspective d'aboutir à des « fondements microéconomiques de la macroéconomie » reposant de façon explicite sur les comportements imparfaitement concurrentiels des agents économiques.
Les effets des prix énergétiques sur les comportements d’investissement à long terme : une comparaison des sept grands pays de l’OCDE
Authors: Carrere Marie Ange , Devezeaux de Lavergne Jean-Guy 
Published: September 2022

RésuméA la suite du premier choc pétrolier, une controverse est née sur les liens entre capital et énergie. Les études sur séries chronologiques montrent, en général, que ces facteurs sont complémentaires alors que les études sur données spatio-temporelles exhibent des substituabilités. Il est cependant très difficile de comparer directement ces résultats, les données utilisées n’étant pas de même nature. Ce travail tente d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la question en éliminant la cause à priori la plus suspecte des divergences : les modes de construction des données. Nous avons construit une banque homogène pour les sept grands pays de l’OCDE sur la période 1960-1984 et estimé des fonctions de coût translog KLE et KLEF pour chaque pays et pour l’ensemble.
R&D rivalry Vs R&D cooperation under uncertainty
Authors: Beath John , Katsoulacos Yannis , Ulph David 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCet article analyse si les dépenses de recherche et développement (R & D) seront supérieures ou inférieures sous un « research joint venture » (RJV) ou dans un cadre de concurrence en R & D ; et si les firmes préféreront le premier mode d’organisation au second. Si l’imitation d’une invention s’avère difficile, la réponse à la dernière question dépendra de l’importance relative de deux forces opposées : alors que la coopération va renforcer les gains attendus via un « effet de coordination » positif, elle va également intensifier la concurrence rencontrée par l’innovateur sur le marché des produits en facilitant l’accès des firmes concurrentes à la technologie la plus récente. Par contre, lorsque l’imitation est facile, les firmes préféreront toujours un accord de recherche jointe (RJV) à une concurrence en R & D.
Evolutionary Approaches in Economics. Some Comments on Ph. Van Parijs “Le modèle économique et ses rivaux”
Authors: Vromen Jack 
Published: September 2022

RésuméL’article met en avant la difficulté de percevoir où Ph. Van Parijs situe la limite entre le modèle économique — susceptible d’expliquer de nombreux phénomènes sociaux, mais pas tous — et les modèles evolutionnaires. Parfois il semble soutenir que les modèles evolutionnaires sont nécessaires pour expliquer des situations où les individus agissent sans la moindre délibération préalable. Mais à d’autres endroits il semble que ces modèles soient supposés être à même d’expliquer les «données» du modèle économique, à savoir les préférences et les croyances. Le mecanisme evolutionnaire de renforcement est analysée en détail dans l’article dans l’intention de déterminer quelle est l’interpretation correcte. Il apparait que la seconde interpretation est la plus plausible. On montre en effet que le mécanisme evolutionnaire est à la base de l’explication de la convergence des croyances des individus à condition qu’ils aient certaines preférences. Le renforcement ne présuppose pas, mais pourrait expliquer, des comportements obéissant à des règles non délibératives. On observe également que ce même mécanisme de renforcement, ainsi compris, est implicitement supposé être à l’oeuvre dans de nombreuses tentatives de développement de modèles evolutionnaires émanant d’économistes.
Commodity Demands and Female Labour-Supply over the Life-Cycle
Authors: Neves Pedro Duarte 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper outlines a methodology to identify the preference parameters that characterize household behaviour over the life-cycle, through the specification and estimation of a model of individual behaviour. The focus of this research is directed towards commodity demands, female labour supply and the intertemporal allocation of lifetime wealth. Empirical estimates of the parameters of interest are reported at the end of this paper.
Systèmes de retraite par répartition, mode de calcul des droits à pension et croissance
Authors: Le Garrec Gilles 
Published: September 2022

RésuméNous présentons dans cet article un modèle à générations imbriquées avec capital humain qui permet de rendre compte de la diversité des systèmes publics de retraite par répartition. Notamment, ce modèle intègre la possibilité que les droits à pension d’une personne soient calculés soit de manière forfaitaire soit en fonction de l’historique de ses salaires et de la durée de sa période salariale. Dans ce dernier cas, de loin le plus rencontré concrètement, si la durée minimum légale de cotisation donnant droit à une pension à taux plein n’est pas trop élevée, le système de retraite peut être favorable à la croissance économique en incitant les agents à investir davantage en capital humain. Ce mode de calcul des droits à pension peut donc s’avérer économiquement profitable et dominer en tout cas le mode de calcul alternatif basé sur le versement d’une pension forfaitaire. Nous déduions également les conséquences de ce mode de calcul sur les ajustements à opérer face à différents types de structure démographique.
Les marchés à tranches
Authors: Thomas Lionel 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCet article étudie les marchés publics à tranches. Ces procédures sont caractérisées par la présence d’une incertitude sur la réalisation complète d’une opération. Celle-ci est alors découpée en plusieurs travaux (tranches) qui doivent être réalisés successivement. La première tranche est effectuée juste après l’attribution du marché, tandis que l’affermissement des suivantes est soumis à la réalisation de certaines conditions prévues par le contrat. Les règles optimales d’approvisionnement sont déterminées pour deux tranches. On montre que la firme la plus efficace ex-ante gagne le marché. Mais l’incertitude fait qu’elle ne l’est plus nécessairement ex-post. Nous évaluons par la suite le coût de l’incertitude lié au risque d’une allocation inefficace ex-post.
A Thomistic Solution to the Deep Problem for Perfectionism
Authors: Shea Matthew , Kintz James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerfectionism is the view that what is intrinsically good is the fulfillment of human nature or the development and exercise of the characteristic human capacities. An important objection to the theory is what Gwen Bradford calls the “Deep Problem”: explaining why nature-fulfillment is good. We argue that situating perfectionism within a Thomistic metaethical framework and adopting Aquinas's account of the metaphysical “convertibility” of being and goodness gives us a solution to the Deep Problem. In short, the fulfillment of human nature consists in the actualization of human potentialities or fullness of human being, and because being is ultimately the same thing as goodness, the fulfillment of human nature is good. We show that Thomistic perfectionism meets the requirements for an answer to the Deep Problem, provides the best explanation possible for the goodness of nature fulfillment, and is a natural foundation for perfectionist theories of value.
Use of the QuickSort with older adults whose lifestyle decision-making capacity is being questioned
Authors: Foran A. M. , Mathias J. L. , Bowden S. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectives:Cognitive impairment affects older adults’ capacity to live independently and make lifestyle decisions (lifestyle decision-making capacity; LS-DMC). Cognitive screens and clinical interviews are often used to assess people’s need for living-supports prior to conducting comprehensive LS-DMC assessments in busy clinical settings. This study investigated whether the QuickSort – a brief new cognitive screen – provides efficient and accurate information regarding patients’ LS-DMC when initially interviewed.Methods:This is an observational and diagnostic accuracy study of older inpatients (≥60 years) consecutively referred for neuropsychological assessment of LS-DMC (n = 124). The resources required by inpatients with questionable LS-DMC were quantified (length of hospital stay, living-supports). QuickSort scores, patient background information, and two common cognitive screens were used to differentiate between older inpatients (n = 124) who lacked (64%)/did not-lack (36%) LS-DMC.Results:Hospitalizations averaged 49 days, with 62% of inpatients being readmitted within one year. The QuickSort differentiated between those lacking/not-lacking LS-DMC better than two common cognitive screens and patient information. The likelihood that inpatients lacked LS-DMC increased by a factor of 65.26 for QuickSort scores <2 and reduced by a factor of 0.32 for scores ≥13. Modeling revealed that the post-test likelihood of lacking LS-DMC increased to 99% (scores <2) and reduced to 30% (scores ≥ 13) in settings where many inpatients lack LS-DMC.Conclusions:Older adult inpatients with questionable LS-DMC have a high risk of extended hospitalization and readmission. The QuickSort provides time-efficient and sensitive information regarding patients’ LS-DMC, making it a viable alternative to longer cognitive screens that are used at the initial interview stage.
Dyadic representation in parliamentary democracy in Japan
Authors: Umeda Michio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates dyadic representation, that is, the link between the policy preferences of the constituencies and their representatives in the Japanese Lower House (LH). More specifically, this study examines how the within-party variation in policy positions among party candidates corresponds with that across their districts. By examining a series of candidate surveys conducted between 2003 and 2012 as well as the local employment structure, this study maps the association between the policy preferences of constituencies and those of their district candidates for two major parties. Specifically, candidates were found to take more rural-oriented positions on economic policies when running in districts with rural employment structures, while there remained a clear difference between parties. Moreover, this study demonstrates that constituencies accord more votes to candidates who better represent their preferences, strengthening the link by electing those who fulfill the responsibility beyond their party label.
On the right to diplomacy: historicizing and theorizing delegation and exclusion at the United Nations
Authors: Constantinou Costas M. , McConnell Fiona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the disregarded notion of theius legationis(right of legation), revisiting historical debates in diplomatic theory and law over who possesses or ought to have this right. By examining how theius legationismanifested into a volitional or subjectional or natural right, we argue that this renders it not merely a legal issue, but a highly political and ethical question that is of direct relevance to contemporary international relations. In an era where inclusivity is rhetorically promoted at the United Nations, we suggest that a rekindledright to diplomacy(R2D) – conceiving diplomacy as a right that is claimed but also contested – can shed light onto inequalities of representation and the role international law can play in remedying asymmetries and ethicizing the practice of diplomacy. Beyond its primary normative contribution, we argue that the R2D can also provide an analytical framework to understand UN's efforts at institutionalizing diplomatic pluralism, its logics of inclusion and exclusion, as well as the struggles of diverse groups to obtain accreditation, consultative status, and negotiation ability within multilateral diplomacy.
Influence of the Gulf of Guinea Islands on the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent Circulation
Authors: Napolitano D. C. , Alory G. , Dadou I. , Morel Y. , Jouanno J. , Morvan G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the easternmost portion of the Gulf of Guinea, Bioko Island marks the beginning of an island chain that stretches NE–SW to the Equator, where São Tomé Island sits in the path of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). In this study, we explore the meso‐to‐large‐scale effects of local flow‐topography interactions that escalate from the EUC encounter with the Gulf of Guinea islands. A mean shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler section captures the EUC as a strong subsurface jet that ultimately hits São Tomé. Motivated by these observations, we ran two ocean general circulation model simulations that differ by the presence versus absence of the Gulf of Guinea islands. Diagnostics of salinity and potential vorticity (PV) from these simulations show that the EUC bifurcates at 6°E, triggering mesoscale activity that spreads the EUC waters. On both sides of São Tomé, the EUC branches roll up into eddies that propagate westward. These low‐PV anticyclones carry high salinity through the tropical Atlantic, introducing PV anomalies along eddy corridors mirrored by the Equator. The formation of such eddies is affected by diapycnal and isopycnal mixing and friction, and their distribution between hemispheres is intrinsically related to the location of São Tomé. The eddies are modulated at both seasonal and interannual scales. A strong EUC generates numerous and stronger eddies, while seasonal equatorial upwelling indirectly hinders their formation. Convergence of the EUC upstream of São Tomé reveals intense downwelling and freshening, whereas divergence and upwelling are associated with the EUC negotiating the island.
The Significance of Convection in Supraglacial Debris Revealed Through Novel Analysis of Thermistor Profiles
Authors: Petersen Eric , Hock Regine , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Anderson Leif S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMelt from debris‐covered glaciers represents a regionally important freshwater source, especially in high‐relief settings as found in central Asia, Alaska, and South America. Sub‐debris melt is traditionally predicted from surface energy balance models that determine heat conduction through the supraglacial debris layer. Convection is rarely addressed, despite the porous nature of debris. Here we provide the first constraints on convection in supraglacial debris, through the development of a novel method to calculate individual conductive and nonconductive heat flux components from debris temperature profile data. This method was applied to data from Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, spanning two weeks in the summer of 2011 and two months in the summer of 2020. Both heat flux components exhibit diurnal cycles, the amplitude of which is coupled to atmospheric conditions. Mean diurnal nonconductive heat flux peaks at up to 43% the value of conductive heat flux, indicating that failure to account for it may lead to an incorrect representation of melt rates and their drivers. We interpret this heat flux to be dominated by latent heat as debris moisture content changes on a diurnal cycle. A sharp afternoon drop‐off in nonconductive heat flux is observed at shallow depths as debris dries. We expect these processes to be relevant for other debris‐covered glaciers. Debris properties such as porosity and tortuosity may play a large role in modulating it. Based on the present analysis, we recommend further study of convection in supraglacial debris for glaciers across the globe with different debris properties.
Summer Midlatitude Stationary Wave Patterns Synchronize Northern Hemisphere Wildfire Occurrence
Authors: Bui Hien X. , Timmermann Axel , Lee June‐Yi , Maloney Eric D. , Li Yi‐Xian , Kim Ji‐Eun , Shuman Jacquelyn , Lee Sun‐Seon , Wieder William R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMidlatitude stationary waves are relatively persistent large‐scale longitudinal variations in atmospheric circulation. Although recent case studies have suggested a close connection between stationary waves and extreme weather events, little is known about the global‐scale linkage between stationary waves and wildfire activity, as well as the potential changes in this relationship in a warmer climate. Here, by analyzing the Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble, we show that a zonal wavenumber 5–6 stationary wave pattern tends to synchronize wildfire occurrences across the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. The alternation of upper‐troposphere ridges and troughs creates a hemispheric‐scale spatial pattern of alternating hot/dry and cold/wet conditions, which increases or decreases wildfire occurrence, respectively. More persistent high‐pressure conditions drastically increase wildfire probabilities. Even though the dynamics of these waves change little in response to anthropogenic global warming, the corresponding midlatitude wildfire variability is projected to intensify due to changes in climate background conditions.