bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Extubation After Elective Infratentorial Craniotomy: Results of the International PRICE Survey
Authors: Gaudet John G. , Levy Camille S. , Jakus Lien , Goettel Nicolai , Meling Torstein R. , Quintard Hervé 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Early extubation, defined as removal of the endotracheal tube at the end of surgery before transfer to a designated postoperative care area, is associated with better outcomes after elective infratentorial craniotomy. The Predicting Infratentorial Craniotomy Extubation (PRICE) project was an international survey designed to estimate the rate of early extubation after elective infratentorial craniotomy, as reported by neuroanesthesiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurocritical care specialists.

Methods:
Following research ethics board waiver, the 15-question online PRICE survey was circulated to the members of 5 international medical societies over a 15-week period.

Results:
One hundred and ninety of 5453 society members completed the survey (3.5% response rate). Respondents represented a total of 99 institutions from 92 cities, in 27 countries. While 84 of 188 (44.7%) respondents reported achieving early extubation in more than 95% of cases, 43 of 188 (22.9%) reported extubating fewer than 75% of cases early. The proportion of physicians who reported extubating at least 75% of cases early was greater in high-volume compared with low-volume institutions (73.5% vs. 50.9%, respectively; P=0.003) and among anesthesiologists compared with other specialties (75.6% vs. 45.6%, respectively; P<0.001). Preoperative bulbar dysfunction, preoperative altered consciousness and the course of surgery were the 3 factors with the biggest impact on the decision to extubate early versus late among respondents.

Conclusions:
The reported rate of early extubation after elective infratentorial craniotomy varies widely between institutions, with respondents from high-volume institutions reporting greater rates of early extubation than those from lower-volume centers. The course of surgery, evidence of bulbar dysfunction, and altered consciousness, appear to affect the decision to extubate early more than other predictors.
The role and underlying mechanisms of tumour-derived exosomes in lung cancer metastasis
Authors: He Jinling , Yang Lingqi , Zhou Ning , Zu Lingling , Xu Song 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Metastasis is a serious influencing factor for poor treatment effect and shortened survival in lung cancer. But the complicated underlying molecular mechanisms of tumour metastasis remain unclear. In this review, we aim to further summarize and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) in lung cancer metastasis.

Recent findings
TDEs are actively produced and released by tumour cells and carry messages from tumour cells to normal or abnormal cells residing at close or distant sites. Many studies have shown that TDEs promote lung cancer metastasis and development through multiple mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression and the formation of a premetastatic niche. TDEs regulate these mechanisms to promote metastasis by carrying DNA, proteins, miRNA, mRNA, lncRNA and ceRNA. Further exploring TDEs related to metastasis may be a promising treatment strategy and deserve further investigation.

Summary
Overall, TDEs play a critical role in metastatic of lung cancer. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of TDEs in lung cancer metastasis.
Implementing a Delirium Risk Stratification Tool and Rounds to Identify and Prevent Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Byrnes Tru , Woodward Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

Background:Up to 40% of delirium cases are preventable, and early identification is key to improve patient outcomes.Purpose:To implement and evaluate a multidisciplinary delirium intervention program.Intervention:The delirium intervention program targeted patients at high risk for delirium and included patient and nurse education, risk stratification, multidisciplinary rounds, a nonpharmacological intervention bundle, and a treatment order set.Results:After implementation, there was a reduction in length of stay of 6.3 days (P= .01), a 24% decrease in disposition to a skilled nursing facility (P= .05), and increased detection of delirium by nurses.Conclusion:Positive patient outcomes were achieved by employing a multifactorial approach for delirium identification, prevention, and management. The components of this quality improvement project provide guidance to hospitals seeking to develop a delirium intervention program.
Effects of Microlectures on Nursing Students' Understanding of Key Medication Administration Concepts
Authors: Yu I-Chen , Fang Ji-Tseng 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Microlectures comprise short audio or video presentations designed to provide a concise explanation of key concepts or topics.

Purpose:
The study aimed to develop a microlecture module for a nursing course in medication administration and test whether it could improve learning.

Methods:
The study had a quasi-experimental design. Four classes of sophomore nursing students were divided into the treatment (n = 109) and control groups (n = 84). Pretests, posttests, integrated examinations, and simulated experiences were employed. Analysis of covariance were used to analyze the students' pretest, posttest, and integrated examination performances.

Results:
The treatment group performed better than the control group.

Conclusions:
This study provides nursing educators with a different approach to traditional teaching and sheds light on how to design a microlecture.
Tri-lobed Tongue: Rare Manifestation Accompany With Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Merza Ahmed Maki , Salih Haydar Munir 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The tongue is an essential organ accounted for proper deglutition and articulation. Surgical repair should be planned soon after diagnosis of any structural abnormality to prevent later speech and swallowing disorders. The lobulated tongue could be isolated (sporadic) or in association with other disorders. Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) consists of the clinical trial of congenital micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction with variable inclusion of a cleft palate. We present the case of a rare congenital tri-lobed tongue with Pierre Robin sequence and its surgical management in our hospital setting.

Case Presentation:
Six-month-old boy presented with severe retrognathia, high arch, complete isolated cleft palate, and a bizarre mass in the oral cavity instead of his tongue that led to disruption of his swallowing. The mass (deformed tongue) check clearly, and the normal shape of the tongue was restored through multiple local randomized flaps. Dramatic improvement in swallowing was noticed 6 months after surgery during postoperative follow-up.

Discussion:
We present the case of a patient with a tri-lobed tongue with Pierre Robin sequence characterized by severe retrognathia, high arch, and complete isolated cleft palate. This seems to be the first reported case of this particular craniofacial anomaly

Conclusion:
The management of infants with the Pierre Robin sequence is complex, and much still needs to be learned and practiced. Congenital tri-lobed tongue with a cleft as part of the Pierre Robin sequence is a very rare malformation. Early repair of the tongue is important to assist the baby in adapting to speech and swallowing as they grow.
A structural equation modelling approach to understanding the determinants of childhood vaccination in Nigeria, Uganda and Guinea
Authors: Bell James , Lartey Belinda , Fernandez Marcos , Darrell Natasha , Exton-Smith Holly , Gardner Cassie , Richards Emily , Akilo Abolaji , Odongo Emmanuel , Ssenkungu James , Kouadio Rigobert Kotchi , Cissé Mamadi , Igowa Rérambyah Axel Bruno Ayiya , Adou Maikol , West Rebecca , Sharma Sunny 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVaccines have contributed to reductions in morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases globally, but low demand for vaccination threatens to reverse these gains. Explorations of the determinants of vaccination uptake may rely on proxy variables to describe complex phenomena and construct models without reference to underlying theories of vaccine demand. This study aimed to use the results of a formative qualitative study (described elsewhere) to construct and test a model to explain the determinants of vaccination uptake. Using the results of a survey among more than 3,000 primary caregivers of young children in Nigeria, Uganda and Guinea, factor analysis produced six explanatory factors. We then estimated the effects of each of these factors on uptake of immunization using a structural equation model. The results showed that the probability that a child is fully vaccinated increases if a caregiver has support from others to vaccinate them (B= 0.33, β= 0.21, p<0.001) and if caregivers had poor experiences with the healthcare system (B= 0.09, β= 0.09, p= 0.007). Conversely, the probability of full vaccination decreases if the caregiver’s husband exerts control over her decision-making ability (B= -0.29, β = -0.20, p<0.001), or if the caregiver perceives vaccines to be of low importance (B= -0.37, β= -0.27, p<0.001). Belief in religious protection (B= -0.07, β= -0.05, p=0.118) and a belief that vaccines are harmful (B= -0.12, β= -0.04, p= 0.320) did not have an observed effect on vaccination status. This research suggests that interventions may benefit from that including entire families and communities in their design.
Interference control and associated brain activity in children with familial high-risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder – A Danish register-based study
Authors: Johnsen Line Korsgaard , Larsen Kit Melissa , Asp Fuglsang Søren , Ver Loren van Themaat Anna Hester , Baaré William Frans Christiaan , Madsen Kathrine Skak , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Hemager Nicoline , Andreassen Anna Krogh , Veddum Lotte , Greve Aja Neergaard , Nejad Ayna Baladi , Burton Birgitte Klee , Gregersen Maja , Eichele Heike , Lund Torben E. , Bliksted Vibeke , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Nordentoft Merete , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and hypothesesImpaired interference control is a potential prognostic and endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Assessing children with familial high-risk (FHR) of SZ or BP enables characterization of early risk markers and we hypothesize that they express impaired interference control as well as aberrant brain activation compared to population-based control (PBC) children.Study designUsing a flanker task, we examined interference control together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 11-to-12-year-old children with FHR of SZ (FHR-SZ) or FHR of BP (FHR-BP) and population-based control (PBC) children as part of a register-based, prospective cohort-study; The Danish High Risk and Resilience study – VIA 11.Study resultsWe included 85 (44 % female) FHR-SZ, 63 (52 % female) FHR-BP and 98 (50 % female) PBC in the analyses. Interference effects, caused by the spatial visuomotor conflict, showed no differences between groups. Bayesian ANOVA of reaction time (RT) variability, quantified by the coefficient of variation (CVRT), revealed a group effect with similarly higher CVRTin FHR-BP and FHR-SZ compared to PBC (BF10= 6.82). The fMRI analyses revealed no evidence for between-group differences in task-related brain activation. Post-hoc analyses excluding children with psychiatric illness yielded same results.ConclusionFHR-SZ and FHR-BP at age 11-to-12 show intact ability to resolve a spatial visuo-motor conflict and neural efficacy. The increased variability in RT may reflect difficulties in maintaining sustained attention. Since variability in RT was independent of existing psychiatric illness, it may reflect a potential endophenotypic marker of risk.
MicroRNAs in adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in maternal and cord blood are related to neonatal adiposity
Authors: Kunte Pooja , Barberio Matthew , Tiwari Pradeep , Sukla Krishna , Harmon Brennan , Epstein Samuel , Bhat Dattatray , Authelet Kayla , Goldberg Madeleine , Rao Sudha , Damle Hemant , Freishtat Robert J , Yajnik Chittaranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal body size, nutrition, and hyperglycemia contribute to neonatal body size and composition. There is little information on maternal-fetal transmission of messages which influence fetal growth. We analyzed adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicular (ADsEV) microRNAs in maternal and cord blood to explore their adipogenic potential.MethodsWe studied 127 mother-neonate pairs (51 lean and 76 adipose neonates, in 68 NGT and 59 GDM pregnancies). Adiposity refers to highest tertile (T3) of sum of skinfolds in neonates of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) mothers, lean to lowest tertile (T1). ADsEV miRNAs from maternal and cord blood samples were profiled on Agilent 8*60K microarray. Differential expression (DE) of ADsEV miRNAs in adipose vs. lean neonates was studied before and after adjustment for maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adiposity, and vitamin B12-folate status.ResultsMultiple miRNAs were common in maternal and cord blood and positively correlated. We identified 24 maternal and 5 cord blood miRNAs differentially expressed (p≤0.1) in the adipose neonate group, and 19 and 26 respectively, in the adjusted analyses. Even though DE miRNAs were different in maternal and cord blood, they targeted similar adipogenic pathways (e.g., the forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway). Maternal GDM and adiposity were associated with many DE ADsEV miRNAs.ConclusionOur results suggest that the DE ADsEV miRNAs in mothers of adipose neonates are potential regulators of fetal adiposity. Further, the composition and functionality of miRNAs may be influenced by maternal hyperglycemia, adiposity, and micronutrient status during pregnancy.
A cohort study of Post COVID-19 Condition across the Beta, Delta and Omicron waves in South Africa: 6-month follow up of hospitalised and non-hospitalised participants
Authors: Jassat Waasila , Mudara Caroline , Vika Caroline , Welch Richard , Arendse Tracy , Dryden Murray , Blumberg Lucille , Mayet Natalie , Tempia Stefano , Parker Arifa , Nel Jeremy , Perumal Rubeshan , Groome Michelle J. , Conradie Francesca , Ndjeka Norbert , Sigfrid Louise , Merson Laura , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundA third of people may experience persistent symptoms following COVID-19. With over 90% of South Africans having evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is likely that many people could be affected by Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC).MethodsThe was a prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study recruiting hospitalised and non-hospitalised participants, infected during the periods that Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants dominated in South Africa. Participants aged 18 years or older were randomly selected to undergo telephone assessment at 1, 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were assessed using a standardised questionnaire for evaluation of symptoms and health-related quality of life. We used negative binomial regression models to determine factors associated with the presence of ≥1 symptoms at 6 months.FindingsAmong hospitalised and non-hospitalised participants, 46.7% (1,227/2,626) and 18.5% (199/1,074) had ≥1 symptoms at 6 months (p=<0.001). Among hospitalised participants 59.5%, 61.2% and 18.5% experienced ≥1 symptoms at 6 months among individuals infected during the Beta, Delta and Omicron dominant waves respectively. Among PLWH who were hospitalised, 40.4% had ≥1 symptoms at 6 months compared to 47.1% among HIV-uninfected participants (p=0.108).Risk factors for PCC included older age, female sex, non-black race, the presence of a comorbidity, greater number of acute COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalisation/ COVID-19 severity and wave period (individuals infected during the Omicron-dominated wave had a lower risk of persistent symptoms [adjusted Incident Risk Ratio 0.45; 95% Confidence Interval 0.36 – 0.57] compared to those infected during the Beta-dominated wave). There were no associations between self-reported vaccination status before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persistent symptoms.InterpretationThe study revealed a high prevalence of persistent symptoms among South African participants at 6 months although decreased risk for PCC among participants infected during the Omicron BA.1 wave. These findings have serious implications for countries with resource-constrained healthcare systems.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, and Wellcome.
Serine/threonine kinase activity associates with brain glucose metabolism changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Povala Guilherme , De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Bellaver Bruna , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Lussier Firoza Z. , Souza Diogo O. , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Zatt Bruno , Pascoal Tharick A. , Zimmer Eduardo R. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging has greatly improved the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The recently developed neuroinformatic field is expanding analytical and computational strategies to study multimodal neuroscience data. One approach is integrating PET imaging and omics to provide new insights into AD pathophysiology.MethodsHippocampal and blood transcriptomic data of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We used the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from these datasets to implement a modular dimension reduction approach based on Gene Ontology (GO) and reverse engineering of transcriptional networks centered on transcription factors (TF). GO clusters and regulatory units of TF were selected to undergo integration with [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-PET images using voxel-wise linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, years of education, andAPOEε4 status.ResultsThe GO semantic similarity resulted in 16 GO clusters enriched with overlapping DEGs in blood and the brain. Voxel-wise analysis revealed a strong association between the cluster related to the regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity and the [18F]FDG-PET signal in the brain. The master regulator analysis showed 61 regulatory units of TF significantly enriched with DEGs. The voxel-wise analysis of these regulons showed that zinc-finger-related regulatory units had the closest association with brain glucose metabolism.ConclusionWe identified multiple biological processes and regulatory units of TF associated with [18F]FDG-PET metabolism in the brain of individuals across the aging and AD clinical spectrum. Furthermore, the prominent enrichment of protein serine/threonine kinase activity-related GO cluster and the zinc-finger-related regulatory units highlight the potential gene signatures associated with changes in glucose metabolism due to AD pathology.
Associations between exposure to single cadmium, lead, mercury and mixtures and women’s infertility and long-term amenorrhea
Authors: McClam Maria , Liu Jihong , Fan Yihan , Zhan Tingjie , Zhang Qiang , Porter Dwayne E. , Scott Geoffrey I. , Xiao Shuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeCadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) have been shown to exhibit endocrine disrupting properties. their effects on women’s reproductive health, however, remain elusive. Here, we investigated associations between blood concentrations of single of Pb, Cd, Hg, and their mixture and infertility and long-term amenorrhea in women of reproductive age using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018 cross-sectional survey.MethodsA total of 1,990 women were included for the analysis of infertility and 1,919 women for long-term amenorrhea. The methods of log-transformation and quarterization were used to analyze blood heavy metal concentrations. Statistical differences in the covariates between the outcome groups were evaluated using a chi-squared test for categorical variables and a t-test for continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations.ResultsThe blood concentrations of Pb and heavy metal mixtures were significantly higher in ever-infertile women than pregnant women, but the concentrations of Cd and Hg were comparable. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that after the full adjustment, there was a significant and dose-dependent positive association between blood Pb concentrations and women’s historical infertility, a negative association between Cd and women’s long-term amenorrhea, and no associations between Hg and heavy metal mixture and women’s infertility or long-term amenorrhea.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that exposure to heavy metals exhibit differential associations with women’s infertility and long-term amenorrhea.Disclosure summaryThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution to the genus Sympetrum Newman, 1833 (Odonata, Anisoptera) from extreme SW Romania
Authors: Babalean Anda Felicia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper presents new data on species composition and distribution of the genus Sympetrum in the extreme SW part of Romania. Two species,Sympetrum fonscolombii(Selys, 1840) andSympetrum striolatum(Charpentier, 1840) are added to those of the literature -Sympetrum sanguineum(Müller, 1764) andSympetrum meridionale(Selys, 1841) (Cîrdei & Bulimar 1965). The sampled area was enlarged with new collecting sites.A brief description of species is given, especially the distinctive characters, including the hamular processes and the vulvar scale. The bifid aspect of the vulvar scale inS. meridionaleindicates that the genus Sympetrum has a problem at least of species diagnosability.