bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kawasan Minapolitan di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Karawang Menggunakan Konsep Sharing Economy
Authors: Hanif Robani Herdiat Kingkin , Chofyan Ivan , Frida Sebayang Asnita 
Published: September 2022

Sejak tahun 2011 Pemerintah Kabupaten Karawang sudah meluncurkan program minapolitan, salah satunya dengan sudah disusunnya Master plan pengembangan kawasan perikanan terpadu (minapolitan), kemudian dalam keputusan Bupati Karawang No 523/Kep.399 - Hukum/2014 tentang Penetapan Lokasi Pengembangan Kawasan Minapolitan Industrialisasi Perikanan Budidaya Tahun 2014. Beberapa hal yang menjadi hambatan dalam pengembangan kawasan minapolitan di wilayah pesisir ini adalah masih dianggap sebagai sebuah proyek, kurangnya informasi benih, pakan, pemasaran dan kurangnya pengetahuan SDM. Saat ini konsep Sharing Economy sebagai model ekonomi yang sudah banyak diterapkan, dimana orang atau sekelompok orang mampu menghasilkan uang dari sumber daya miliknya yang diutulisasi sehingga memberi jasa bagi orang atau sekelompok orang lain, melalui pelantara online. Hasil analisis penelitian pada penentuan pusat kawasan Kecamatan Cilamaya Wetan belum layak untuk ditetapkan sebagai kawasan minapolis karena belum menjalankan fungsinya dengan sesuai yaitu sebagai kawasan minapolis. Adanya gap antara kenyataan dan harapan pada sarana penunjang minapolitan dan sarana ICT, hasil analisis potensi Sharing Economy menunjukkan masyarakat dinilai belum siap untuk melakukan kegiatan ekonomi dengan berbasis ICT karena masyarakat belum mahir untuk mengaplikasikannya, sedangkan pada ketersediaan fasilitas ICT masih belum merata dan perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Pengembangan kawasan minapolitan di wilayah pesisir karawang menggunakan konsep Sharing Economy memiliki 3 (tiga) strategi utama yang dapat dilakukan yaitu harus mengembangkan pengolahan dan produksi budidaya ikan bandeng, peningkatan penguatan kelembagaan (UPP) untuk menjalin kerjasama antar kelompok dan pemerintah di bidang teknologi, dukungan pembangunan sarana dan prasarana minapolitan serta fasilitas ICT (penguasaan ICT) oleh SKPD di Kabupaten/Kota.
Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous Levels in Serum of Iraqi Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: A. Kasim Ali 
Published: September 2022

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common, debilitating, and chronic pain syndrome. The women are more likely to have more tender points on examination than are their male counterparts. Iraqi study showed that FM occur in 1.5% among adolescents of Iraqi population. In compare to normal healthy women, present study was revealed that Iraqi women with FM have significant elevation of calcium (p = 0.003) with significant reduction of magnesium (p = 0.001), whereas the inorganic phosphorous was not differs (p = 0.31). In conclusion, magnesium and calcium would play a crucial role in etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia.
Key words: calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, Fibromyalgia.
Therapeutic Response of Serum Lipids to Atorvastatin in Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: M. Murtadha Riyadh 
Published: September 2022

Lipid disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are known to be increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. The effects of statins on serum lipid levels are well known; however, previous studies did not compare the effects of statins on serum lipid levels in diabetic patients with non-diabetic patients. To investigate the effects of Atorvastatin on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with hyperlipidemic patients without diabetes.This study was conducted on 33 type 2 diabetic patients & 34 non-diabetic patients; their age range was 40-80 years, all of them were hyperlipidemic, who had been administered 10, 20, & 40 mg daily of Atorvastatin and completed a 6-month follow-up. Serum lipids were measured before and after treatment at 1, 3, and 6 months.It was found that the reduction in S. Total Cholesterol and S. LDL-C were less in diabetic patients than that in non-diabetic patients when they are using the same doses of Atorvastatin, while the changes in S. HDL-C and S. Triglyceride were nearly similar in both. Furthermore, it is noticed that nearly the same responses of S. Cholesterol and S. LDL-C reduction were achieved in diabetic patients when they are using doubled doses that are used for non-diabetic patients.So,higher doses of Atorvastatin (double doses) are needed to improve serum lipid levels in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.
Key words: Diabetic , Lipids , Atorvastatin.
Assessment of Patientsâ€™ Knowledge Toward Total Hip Replacement Home â€“ Care
Authors: J. Mohamed Suad , E. Mecheser Abdullah 
Published: September 2022

To assess the total hip replacement patientsâ€™ knowledge of home â€“ care regarding pain management, medication therapy, wound care, mobility limitation and complications may occur in the post hip replacement surgery, and to assess relationship between some variables such as, age level of education, sex & marital status with home- care knowledge. A descriptive study was used to assess the hip-replacement patient home-knowledge, a purposive sampling of (60) hip-replaced â€“patients were selected from Gazy Alhariri Hospital (central of surgical profession ) and Alwasity Hospital ( plastic surgery) , the questionnaire obtains two parts , part one, which included socio-demographical characteristics of the sample and part 2 , which included hip-replacement home-care knowledge , reliability and validity of the questionnaire were determined . Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire, at the hip application of the interview techniques and review of the hip replacement surgery rehabilitation review literature. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential data approach.The result of the study presented that the majority of the study sample were group at age (25-35) years old, female married, housewife with (50%) of patients were at level of primary school education. They were lacking knowledge toward pain management at home and wound care , also discharged with very minimum information and rehabilitation training instruction toward practicing assistive walking and activity device or preventing potential complication such as infection and dislocation , Besides the study revealed a significant relationship between total- hip replacement knowledge toward complication may be occurred and level of education ,which revealed that the educated hip- replaced patients can managing and preventing the complication may occurred better than those not educated.Establishing a special rehabilitation unit in the ward to provide the patients with a rehabilitation program for training , also to provide them with a booklet or pamphlet illustrating all formations the patient may need at home.
Key words: Total â€“ hip replacement , patientsâ€™ knowledge of pain , patientsâ€™-knowledge of potential complication , patients' knowledge toward wound , patientsâ€™ knowledge of mobility.
Phytochemical Study of Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) (Asteraceae) Cultivated in Iraq, Detection and Identification of Phenolic Acid Compounds Cynarin and Chlorogenic Acid
Authors: Mutalib A.G Nasser Abdul 
Published: September 2022

The leaves of globe artichoke, Cynara scolymus Family Asteraceae/ compositea have long â€“ used in traditional medicine and now included in British and European Pharmacopeia, the British Harbal Pharmacopeia and complete German Commission E monographs.The plant originally comes from Mediterranean region and North Africa and cultivated around the world. The flowers are used worldwide for nutrition purposes and the leaves for medical purposes including hepatic affections. The plant wildly distributed in Iraq in the watery lines and boundary of the field.The plant contains many phytochemicals such as the bitter phenolic acids whose choleretic and hypocholestremic as these compounds are antioxidant. Other materials to have other pharmacologic effect specially flavonoids. Thus this work deals with phenolic acids cholrogenic acid and cynarin.This work includes cold extraction evaporation by freeze drying and separation inusing column chromatography, TLC and finally in High pressure liqued chromatography (HPLC), the two important compound; chlorogenic acid and cynarin were separated and identified.
Key words: Artichoke, Cynara scolymus, Poly phenolic acids, Chlorogenic acid, Cynarin.
Polymeric Membrane Sensors for the Selective Determination of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride and their Applications to Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: A. Al-Haideri Abdul-Muhsin , I. Abdulla Najwa , K. Malih Ibtihaj 
Published: September 2022

Metoclopramide (MCP) ion selective electrodes based on metoclopramide-phosphotungstic acid (MCP-PT) ion pair complex in PVC matrix membrane were constructed. The plasticizers used were tri-butyl phosphate (TBP), di-octyl phenyl phosphonate (DOPP), di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), di-octyl phthalate (DOP), di-butyl phosphate (DBP), bis 2-ethyl hexyl phosphate (BEHP). The sensors based on TBP, DOPP, DBPH and DOP display a fast, stable and linear response with slopes 59.9, 57.7, 57.4, 55.3 mV/decade respectively at pH ranged 2-6. The linear concentration range between 1.0Ã—10-5 â€“ 1.0Ã—10-2 M with detection limit 3.0Ã—10-6 and 4.0Ã—10-6 M for electrodes using TBP, DOPP and DBPH while electrode using DOP shows a linear concentration range between 3.0Ã—10-5 â€“ 1.0Ã—10-2 M and detection limit 6Ã—10-6 M. The selectivity coefficient values were calculated for MCP with respect to different inorganic cations, sugars and amino acids using the MCP depending on TBP plasticizer which is also used for the determination of MCP in pure solutions and in pharmaceutical preparations by direct, standard addition methods and as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration with phosphotungstic acid (PT) giving satisfactory results.
Key words: Metoclopramide-HCl membrane sensors , Metoclopramide determination , pharmaceutical analysis , PVC membrane sensors
Serratiopeptidase a Hope in a Rapid and Better Improvement of Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris
Authors: M. Mikhael Ehab , Y. Mohammed Mahdi 
Published: September 2022

Acne vulgaris is a very common, chronic disorder, involving inflammation of the pilosebaceous units that can be varied in presentation and difficult to treat. Inflammatory acne may yield both scarring and pigmentary changes so early and adequate therapy will, in all cases, decrease its severity and may entirely suppress this disease. Serratiopeptidase has anti-inflammatory, anti-edemic and fibrinolytic activity and acts rapidly on localized inflammation. Serratiopeptidase was added in aim to hasten acne resolution. During March to July 2010, A comparative study for a 50 healthy patient suffering from acne was divided into 2 groups: 1st group treated by common acne modalities and the 2nd one with same modalities plus serratiopeptidase. All patients were followed up in out patient clinic by a dermatologist after 1st week of treatment and once weekly through the period of treatment. The results of this study showed that the effect of serratiopeptidase as adjuvant therapy for acne treatment result in a significant rapid improvement, this might be explained by serratiopeptidase ability in enhancing antibiotic efficacy and also increase the possibility of excellent improvement in acne appearance which may be due of itâ€™s anti-inflammatory, anti-edemic. Serratiopeptidase was found to create a good hope as additional therapy for complicated acne vulgaris and bring a rapid and better improvement in treating acne.
Key words: Acne ,Serratiopeptidase.
Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives Coupled to Amino Acid Esters and Studying their Biological Activity as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: A. Al-Dawaf Rana , Y. Saour Kawkab 
Published: September 2022

A series of coumarin derivatives linked to amino acid ester side chains were synthesized and evaluated of their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The coumarin derivatives was alkylated by the ethyl bromoacetate and then using potassium carbonate to get alkylated hymecromone. Conventional solution method for amide bond formation was used as a coupling method between the carboxy-protected amino acids with acetic acid side chain of coumarin derivatives. The DCC/ HOBt coupling reagents were used for peptide bond formation. The proposed analogues were successfully synthesized and their structural formulas were consistent with the proposed structures as they were proved and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and elemental microanalysis (CHN).
Key words: coumarin, amino acid, coumarin antimicrobialal activity.
Design and Synthesis of Some Nitrate Derivatives of Mefenamic Acid with Expected Nitric Oxide Release
Authors: A. Sadon Ahmed , J. Qasir Ahlam 
Published: September 2022

This study include design and synthesis of 2 derivatives of compounds consisting of mefenamic acid, glycine and organic nitrates (2-nitrooxy ethanol or 1,3-dinitrooxy-2-propanol). Nitric oxide NO has been reported to support many of the same mucosal protection mechanisms as prostaglandins and is sufficient for acute gastroprotection and ulcer healing. So we suppose these 2 compounds would reduce non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs gastrointestinal side effect.
Key words: Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Glycine, Mefenamic acid, Organic nitrates, Nitric oxide (NO).
Preparation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Ketoprofen by Dirct Compression
Authors: J.Nasser Saddam , H. Sameen Laith , M.Ghareeb Mowafaq 
Published: September 2022

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. It is widely used in the treatment of inflammation and pain associated with rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and in soft tissue injury. The purpose of this study was to prepare an oral disintegrating tablets of ketoprofen by simple method. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and different ratios of various subliming agents or superdisintegrants were incorporated. Then these tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, water absorption ratio, disintegrating time and dissolution time. The results showed that Formula F11 batch had short disintegration time (18.0 sec) with good physical properties. This formula demonstrated a promised potentials for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy and patient compliance.
Key words: Rapid disintegrating tablets, Ketoprofen, Direct compression, Superdisintegrants.
Evaluation of Trace Elements in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)
Authors: M. Ali Huda , A. Al-Zubaidi Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Magnesium, Manganese, Chromium, Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, Vanadium and Germanium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, (30) patients (14male and 16female) with age range (37-60) years compared with normal tensive control. The analysis of results showed that the mean value of concentration (Magnesium, Manganese and Nickel) were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to that of healthy, while the mean levels of serum (Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Iron, Cobalt and Germanium) were significantly lower than controls. There were no significant changes in overall mean concentration of serum Vanadium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and control group. There were no significant variations in trace elements levels in relation to sex.Our results suggest that low level of trace elements of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Iron, Cobalt and Germanium , and high levels of Magnesium, Manganese and Nickel may provide good clues to the physician about the high probability of the individual for developing of rheumatoid arthritis disease unless the imbalance of these elements in blood serum to be corrected.
Key words: Trace elements, Rheumatoid arthritis,Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
Comparison between Rowatinex and Tamsulosin as a Medical Expulsion Therapy for Ureteral Stone
Authors: S.Ahmed Ghassan , J. Al-Shamma Kassim , M.Asghar Majeed 
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rowatinex and tamsulosin in the treatment of patients with ureteric stone.
Forty patients with ureteric stone ranged (4- 12) mm, were included in this study. They were randomized into two groups where the first group includes twenty patients treated with Rowatinex three times daily (Group 1), and the second group includes twenty patients treated with tamsulosin 0.4mg/day (Group 2). All patients were randomly assigned to receive the designed standard medical therapy for a maximum of 3 weeks.
Each group was given an antibiotic as prophylaxis and an injectable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used on demand. At the outpatient clinic all subjects were assessed by CT-scan at baseline and evaluated every 7 days by physical examination, plain abdominal X-ray (KUB), and abdominal ultrasonography. Data were analyzed by using Student t-test method to compare the results; differences in the success rate between treatments were compared with the chi-square test for 2Ã— 2 tables.
The results showed that tamsulosin significantly increases the expulsion rate, and reduce expulsion time of ureteric stone when compared with rowatinex group. Tamsulosin results in a better control of renal colic pain, and decreases in endoscopic procedures performed to remove the stone.
Key words: Ureteric stone, Tamsulosin, Rowatinex, Medical expulsion therapy.
Serum Levels of Total IgE, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-18 in Children Patients with Asthma
Authors: M. Saleh Al-Quraishi Ghadah 
Published: September 2022

T-cell activation and alteration of cytokine levels are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the profile of circulating T-lymphocyte subsets and related cytokines during asthmatic attacks is still unclear. We compared the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines Interleukine-18( IL-18) and Interleukine-12(IL-12), T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine Interleukine-13(IL-13 ) and Immunoglobuline-E ( IgE) in 27 asthmatic children and 21 sex and age matched healthy control subjects. Serum cytokines and IgE concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IL-13 , IL-18 and IgE concentrations were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than normal control subjects ( IL-13: median 9.73 versus 4.43 pg/ml, P<0.05 ; IL-18: 76.81 versus 35.41 pg/ml, P<0.05 ; IgE: 225.44 versus 37.94 IU/ml, P<0.05 . Asthmatic patients showed a decreased serum IL-12 concentration 93.57 versus 122.83 pg/ml, P<0.05 . In conclusion, it was suggested that IL-13 and IL-18 might have a potential role in controling lymphocyte responses in asthmatic patients specially in children through an IgE-mediated pathway.
Key words: Asthma, Interleukine-12, -13, -18, Immunoglobuline-E.
Synthesis of new derivatives of Ceftazidime as possible Prodrugs
Authors: M. Alwan Shakir , H. Abdul-Wahab Abdul-Hafeedh 
Published: September 2022

Five new ceftazidime derivatives were designed and synthesized in an attempt to improve the acid stability and may increase the spectrum of ceftazidime. The synthesized compounds included; Schiff base of ceftazidime (compound 1), ceftazidime lysine amide Schiff base (compound 2), ceftazidime lysine amide (compound 3), ceftazidime-di-lysine amide Schiff base (compound 4) and ceftazidime-di-lysine amide (compound 5). New ceftazidime derivatives were successfully prepared characterized and identified using spectral and elemental microanalysis (CHNS) analyses and the results comply with the calculated measurements.
Compounds 1 and 2 were subjected to a stability study in phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 7.4) and in KCl/HCl buffer (0.2M, pH 1.2) at different time intervals (0 â€“ 240 min) incubated at 37 Â°C. This revealed that both compounds in phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 7.4) are significantly stable with t 1/2 of 18hrs and 24hrs respectively. However, compounds 1 and 2 are less stable in KCl/HCl buffer (0.2M, pH 1.2) with t1/2 of 3.48hrs and 3.13hrs respectively.
The antibacterial evaluation of the new ceftazidime derivatives showed various degrees of antibacterial activities when compared with ceftazidime. The chemical modifications of ceftazidime showed slight effect on activities and most of compounds retained the antibacterial activities. Compounds 2 and 4 afforded comparable antibacterial action. However, compounds 3 and 5 were equipotent with ceftazidime with respect to E.coli and Staph. aureose. Compound 4 has better activity than ceftazidime with respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Schiff's base derivative of lysine (2, 6-bis-(benzylideneamino) hexanoic acid) gave a reasonable antibacterial action towards Escherichia coli and Streptococcus Spp; as compared with lysine which has no antibacterial activity.
Key words: Ceftazidime, Schiff bases, Lysine.
Preparation and Evaluation of Cefixime Nanocrystals
Authors: A. Hussein Ahmed , Sh. Mahmood Hasanain 
Published: September 2022

Drug nanocrystals are nanoscopic crystals of the parent compound with dimensions less than 1 Âµm. A decrease in particle size will lead to an increase in effective surface area in the diffusion layer, which, in turn, increases the drug dissolution rate. Drug nanocrystals are one of the most important strategies to enhance the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.
Cefixime is the first member of what is generally termed the third generation orally active cephalosporins. These third generation cephalosporins are distinct from the older Î²-lactam antibiotics in their intensive antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria.
The aim of this study is to prepare nanocrystals of cefixime as a capsules dosage form in order to increase its oral dissolution rate and bioavailability.
The cefixime nanocrystals were prepared by solvent/antisolvent precipitation method. Certain amount of drug was dissolved in water miscible solvent (methanol used in this study), then this solution was injected (at certain speed) into water containing stabilizer. Upon injection, precipitation of cefixime nanocrystal will occur immediately; this precipitate is sonicated at 37 ËšC for 30 min. then lyophilized. Powder of nanocrystal was obtained and filled into capsules. The physicochemical interaction between drug and addatives was studied using FTIR, DSC,
Results show that the best formula of cefixime nanocrystals prepared by dissolving 20mg/ml of cefixime in methanol, then 5ml was injected at 60ml/hr rate to a 50ml PVP solution as stabilizer in concentration 0.05%, then lyophilized to obtain the cefixime nanocrystal powder. The resulted mean particle size was 9-11 nm and the dissolution rate was significantly higher than that of the raw cefixime powder (p>0.05).
Keywords: Cefixime trihydrate, Nanocrystals, Anti-solvent precipitation, PVP, HPMC, Poloxamer 188.
Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Cholelithiasis
Authors: S.Sadiem Omer , A. Taher Mohamed , S. Amin Seenaa 
Published: September 2022

Oxidative stress markers are of important diagnostic parameters for many disorders including cholelithiasis. This present study has aimed to assess the state of oxidative stress in symptomatic radiographically confirmed (Cholelithiasis) patients by measuring two parameters used as oxidative stress parameters which are serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study was carried out on 100 patient diagnosed as (Cholelithiasis) patients with 30 age and sex matched healthy controls by measuring serum (MPO) and (SOD) by ELIZA technique .Results showed significantly decrease in antioxidant enzyme(SOD) and increase in serum level of (MPO) comparing with controls.
Keywords: Cholelithiasis , Oxidative stress, MPO, SOD