bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa: a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis
Authors: Zanoni Brian , Archary Moherndran , Sibaya Thobekile , Ramos Tatiana , Donenberg Geri , Shahmanesh Maryam , Celum Connie , Pettifor Audrey , Bekker Linda Gail , Haberer Jessica 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCompared with adults, adolescents in South Africa have larger gaps at each step of the HIV continuum of care resulting in low levels of viral suppression.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis of interventions addressing the HIV continuum of care for adolescents in South Africa. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar and online conference proceedings from the International AIDS Society, the International AIDS Conference, and the Conference on Retrovirology and Opportunistic Infections from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2020. We then conducted a modified Delphi analysis with 29 researchers involved in the National Institutes of Health’s Fogarty International-supported Adolescent HIV Implementation Science Alliance–South Africa to evaluate interventions for efficacy, feasibility and potential for scale-up.ResultsWe identified nine initial published articles containing interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa, including five interventions focused on HIV diagnosis, two on antiretroviral therapy adherence and two on retention in care. No studies addressed linkage to care or transition from paediatric to adult care. Two studies discussed intervention costs. In-home and HIV self-testing, community-based adherence support, and provision of adolescent-friendly services were the most impactful and scalable interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care.ConclusionFuture interventions should work comprehensively across the adolescent HIV continuum of care and be tailored to the specific needs of adolescents.
Digital NHS Wales: a coding reliability analysis based on the voices of 22 978 patients and clinicians on the benefits, challenges and sustainability of video consulting
Authors: Johns Gemma , Whistance Bethan , Khalil Sara , Whistance Megan , Thomas Bronwen , Ogonovsky Mike , Ahuja Alka 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe use of video consulting (VC) in Wales UK has expanded rapidly. Previous VC evidence has been the subject of small-scale projects and evaluations. Technology Enabled Care Cymru is an all-Wales digital service and rolls out digital interventions and evaluates on large scales, thus capturing representative data sets across Wales, and therefore a wide range of National Health Service (NHS) specialties.ObjectiveTo extract and analyse narrative feedback from patients and clinicians using the NHS Wales VC Service for 6 months (September 2020 to March 2021).DesignA coding reliability approach of a cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingFrom all health boards across Wales.ParticipantsNHS patients and clinicians across primary, secondary and community care settings in Wales.ResultsData were captured on benefits, challenges and sustainability of VC. A coding reliability analysis was used with six domain summaries materialising to include: ‘The Ease of VC’; ‘The Personal Touches’; ‘The Benefits of VC’; ‘The Challenges of VC’; ‘Technical Quality’; and ‘Recommendations & Future Use’. An additional 17 subdomains are included. Direct quotations from patients and clinicians are provided for context.ConclusionsA total of 22 978 participants were included. These data help demonstrate that NHS remote service delivery, via the method of VC, can be highly satisfactory, well accepted and clinically suitable yielding many benefits. Despite this, the data are not without its challenges surrounding engagement and suitability for VC. The NHS Wales VC Service rolled out and evaluated at scale and demonstrates that VC has potential for long-term sustainability. For the future, use a ‘blended approach’ for NHS appointments that are clinically judged and centred on patient choice.
Community engagement in research in sub-Saharan Africa: approaches, barriers, facilitators, ethical considerations and the role of gender – a systematic review protocol
Authors: Akondeng Claudine , Njamnshi Wepnyu Y , Mandi Henshaw Eyambe , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Bain Luchuo Engelbert , Njamnshi Alfred K 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionMeaningful community engagement (CE) is increasingly being considered the major determinant of successful research, innovation and intervention uptake. Community leaders, policy makers and funders have expressed the need to engage communities in research. CE in research empowers the host community to participate in addressing its own health needs and health disparities while ensuring that researchers understand community priorities. Thus, appropriate CE opens a unique way to promote coproduction, coimplementation and coevaluation, which may strengthen both the sense of inclusion, ownership and the effectiveness of the research life-cycle. The aim of this review is to synthesise available evidence on how to engage communities in research in a gender-sensitive, ethical, culture-appropriate and sustainable way in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This protocol has been developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and follows the guidance provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.Methods and analysisA combination of key text words and medical subject headings such as ‘Community Engagement’ or ‘Community Involvement’ will be used to search 009 databases for all literature published between 1 January 2000 and 31 July 2021. Citations retrieved from database searches will be exported into EndNote X9 to remove duplicate citations and imported into Rayyan QCRI for screening. Two independent reviewers will conduct the screening and data extraction process. Disagreements between review authors will be resolved through discussions, consensus a third reviewer serving as a tiebreaker. The risk of bias will be assessed using the 10-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The three-staged process described by Thomas and Harden will be used for the thematic and narrative synthesis of findings.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review which uses already collected data thus ethical approval not required. Findings will be published in an open access peer-reviewed journal and presented in relevant conferences and workshops.PROSPERO registration numberThis protocol has been submitted for registration in PROSPERO and has been published under registration number CRD42021282503 .
Health postservice readiness and use of preventive and curative services for suspected childhood pneumonia in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tariku Amare , Berhane Yemane , Worku Alemayehu , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Persson Lars Åke , Okwaraji Yemisrach Behailu 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePneumonia is the single-leading cause of infectious disease deaths in children under-5. Despite this challenge, the utilisation of preventive and curative child health services remains low in Ethiopia. We investigated the association between health post service readiness and caregivers’ awareness of pneumonia services, care-seeking and utilisation of pneumonia-relevant immunisation in four Ethiopian regions.Design and settingThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 52 districts of four regions of Ethiopia from December 2018 to February 2019. The health posts preparedness for sick child care was assessed using the WHO Health Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool. Multilevel analyses were employed to examine the associations between health post readiness and household-level awareness and utilisation of services.ParticipantsWe included 165 health posts, 274 health extension workers (community health workers) and 4729 caregivers with 5787 children 2–59 months.Outcome measuresAwareness of pneumonia treatment, care-seeking behaviour and coverage of pentavalent-3 immunisation.ResultsOnly 62.8% of health posts were ready to provide sick child care services. One-quarter of caregivers were aware of pneumonia services, and 56.8% sought an appropriate care provider for suspected pneumonia. Nearly half (49.3%) of children (12–23 months) had received pentavalent-3 immunisation. General health post readiness was not associated with caregivers’ awareness of pneumonia treatment (adjusted OR, AOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.1) and utilisation of pentavalent-3 immunisation (AOR=1.2, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.6), but negatively associated with care-seeking for childhood illnesses (AOR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8).ConclusionWe found no association between facility readiness and awareness or utilisation of child health services. There were significant deficiencies in health post preparedness for services. Caregivers had low awareness and utilisation of pneumonia-related services. The results underline the importance of enhancing facility preparedness, providing high-quality care and intensifying demand generation efforts to prevent and treat pneumonia.
Discrete choice experiment exploring women’s preferences in a novel device designed to monitor the womb environment and improve our understanding of reproductive disorders
Authors: Ng Ka Ying Bonnie , Evans Rhiannon , Morgan Hywel , Mentzakis Emmanouil , Cheong Ying C 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe study aims to determine the relative importance of key attributes of a novel intrauterine device. The device monitors uterine oxygen, pH and temperature in real time with the aim of improving our understanding and treatment of reproductive disorders.DesignA discrete choice experiment was used to elicit preferences in this novel investigative tool. The attributes and levels used in the choice scenarios were length of time using the device (7, 14 or 28 days), information obtained to guide treatment (limited, majority or all cases), risk of complications (1% or 10%) and discreteness (completely discrete, moderately discrete or indiscrete).SettingSecondary care hospital in Hampshire, UK.Participants361 women of reproductive age.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConditional logit and latent class logit regression models to determine the preference for each attribute.ResultsConditional logit coefficients allow comparison between attributes; women placed most importance on obtaining information to guide treatment in all cases (2.771), followed by having a completely discrete device (1.104), reducing risk of complications by 1% (0.184) and decreased length of time by 1 day (0.0150). All coefficients p<0.01. Latent class conditional logit assigns participants to two classes with 27.4% in class 1 who are less likely to have higher education or qualify for National Health Service-funded in vitro fertilisation compared with class 2. Those in class 2 placed 1.7 times more importance on a device whose information guided treatment in all cases and a 1% decrease in complications risk was nearly 15 times more attractive.ConclusionsWomen placed most importance on having a device that obtains information to guide treatment and are willing to use the device for a longer, have a device with higher risk of complications and an indiscrete device if it is able to provide answers and direction for treatment of their reproductive disorder.
NIH funding of COVID-19 research in 2020: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Balaguru Logesvar , Dun Chen , Meyer Andrea , Hennayake Sanuri , Walsh Christi , Kung Christopher , Cary Brittany , Migliarese Frank , Dai Tinglong , Bai Ge , Sutcliffe Kathleen , Makary Martin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to characterise and evaluate the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) grant allocation speed and pattern of COVID-19 research.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCOVID-19 NIH RePORTER Dataset was used to identify COVID-19 relevant grants.Participants1108 grants allocated to COVID-19 research.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was to determine the number of grants and funding amount the NIH allocated for COVID-19 by research type and clinical/scientific area. The secondary outcome was to calculate the time from the funding opportunity announcement to the award notice date.ResultsThe NIH awarded a total of 56 169 grants in 2020, of which 2.0% (n=1108) wwas allocated for COVID-19 research. The NIH had a US$45.3 billion budget that year, of which 4.9% (US$2.2 billion) was allocated to COVID-19 research. The most common clinical/scientific areas were social determinants of health (n=278, 8.5% of COVID-19 funding), immunology (n=211, 25.8%) and pharmaceutical interventions research (n=208, 47.6%). There were 104 grants studying COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, of which 2 grants studied the efficacy of face masks and 6 studied the efficacy of social distancing. Of the 83 COVID-19 funded grants on transmission, 5 were awarded to study airborne transmission of COVID-19 and 2 grants on transmission of COVID-19 in schools. The average time from the funding opportunity announcement to the award notice date was 151 days (SD: ±57.9).ConclusionIn the first year of the pandemic, the NIH diverted a small fraction of its budget to COVID-19 research. Future health emergencies will require research funding to pivot in a timely fashion and funding levels to be proportional to the anticipated burden of disease in the population.
Exploring how patients, carers and members of the public are recruited to advisory boards, groups and panels as partners in public and patient involved health research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Koskinas Elena , Gilfoyle Meghan , Salsberg Jon 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionEngaging patients, carers and members of the public in health research has become widely recognised as an important approach for bridging the gap between research, and health and social care by increasing the relevance of research for those who benefit from its findings. Specific approaches to engagement vary, but commonly include advisory boards, groups or patient panels that are active throughout all stages of research. The breadth of and optimal strategies for recruiting patients, carers and members of the public to such boards, groups or panels remains unclear. The objective of this manuscript is to identify the breadth of and optimal strategies used to recruit patients, carers and members of the public to advisory boards, groups or panels, within public and patient involvement (PPI) research.Methods and analysisThis review follows the scoping review framework by Peters et al, an elaboration on the framework by Arksey and O’Malley. The search strategy was co-developed among the research team, PPI research experts and a faculty librarian. The review will take place between July 2021 and June 2022. In July and August 2021, eight electronic databases, MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, will be explored to capture all available literature. Two independent reviewers will screen articles by title and abstract and then at full text based on predetermined criteria. The data will be presented in a tabular format with a narrative summary discussing how the research findings relate to the overarching research question. A thematic analysis will also be completed using qualitative description, identifying key themes and gaps in the literature.Ethics and disseminationEthics is not required for this review. We aim to disseminate the information gathered through presentations at academic conferences, peer-reviewed publications and consultations with lay audiences.
Changes in primary care visits arising from the COVID-19 pandemic: an international comparative study by the International Consortium of Primary Care Big Data Researchers (INTRePID)
Authors: Tu Karen , Sarkadi Kristiansson Robert , Gronsbell Jessica , de Lusignan Simon , Flottorp Signe , Goh Lay Hoon , Hallinan Christine Mary , Hoang Uy , Kang Seo Young , Kim Young Sik , Li Zhou , Ling Zheng Jye , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne , Ng Amy Pui Pui , Pace Wilson D , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Wong William CW , Stephenson Ellen 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThrough the INTernational ConsoRtium of Primary Care BIg Data Researchers (INTRePID), we compared the pandemic impact on the volume of primary care visits and uptake of virtual care in Australia, Canada, China, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, the UK and the USA.MethodsVisit definitions were agreed on centrally, implemented locally across the various settings in INTRePID countries, and weekly visit counts were shared centrally for analysis. We evaluated the weekly rate of primary care physician visits during 2019 and 2020. Rate ratios (RRs) of total weekly visit volume and the proportion of weekly visits that were virtual in the pandemic period in 2020 compared with the same prepandemic period in 2019 were calculated.ResultsIn 2019 and 2020, there were 80 889 386 primary care physician visits across INTRePID. During the pandemic, average weekly visit volume dropped in China, Singapore, South Korea, and the USA but was stable overall in Australia (RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.05, p=0.59)), Canada (RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.03, p=0.24)), Norway (RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.17, p=0.85)), Sweden (RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.06, p=0.22)) and the UK (RR 0.86 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.03, p=0.11)). In countries that had negligible virtual care prepandemic, the proportion of visits that were virtual were highest in Canada (77.0%) and Australia (41.8%). In Norway (RR 8.23 (95% CI 5.30 to 12.78, p<0.001), the UK (RR 2.36 (95% CI 2.24 to 2.50, p<0.001)) and Sweden (RR 1.33 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.50, p<0.001)) where virtual visits existed prepandemic, it increased significantly during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe drop in primary care in-person visits during the pandemic was a global phenomenon across INTRePID countries. In several countries, primary care shifted to virtual visits mitigating the drop in in-person visits.
Observable indicators of person-centred care: an interview study with patients, relatives and professionals
Authors: Ekman Nina , Moons Philip , Taft Charles , Boström Eva , Fors Andreas 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo identify key observable indicators of person-centred care (PCC) from interviews with patients, relatives and professionals with experience of receiving or working with PCC.DesignA qualitative interview study using deductive content analysis.SettingPrimary and hospital care settings in Western Sweden.ParticipantsTwelve participants with extensive experience of receiving or working with PCC were interviewed: two patients, two patients representative with long-term conditions, one relative and informal carer, three registered nurses, one physician, two occupational therapists and one social worker/researcher.ResultsNine observable indicators were identified and subsumed under three predetermined categories: initiating, working and safeguarding the partnership. The first category comprised three subcategories: welcoming, interested and courteous reception; agreeing on structure and aims of the conversation; and eliciting patients’ wishes for involvement of significant others. The second category comprised four subcategories: attentive, empathic and encouraging manner; promoting mutual understanding; promoting patient engagement; and encouraging and friendly body language. The last category consisted of two subcategories: collaboration and transparency in documentation and verifying that patient’s and professional’s views, goals and wants are correctly documented.ConclusionOur results underline the need for health professionals to actively and conscientiously convey to patients their interest in and respect for the patient as a person and their willingness to collaborate as partners in their care from the very outset of the interaction. Non-verbal behaviours were seen to play a major role in shaping patients’ impressions of health professionals. Given that patients’ first impressions were considered to impact the content, course and outcomes of the interaction, more research attention should be given to their implications for the effective delivery of PCC.
Optimising telephone triage of patients calling for acute shortness of breath during out-of-hours primary care: protocol of a multiple methods study (Opticall)
Authors: Spek Michelle , Venekamp Roderick , De Groot Esther , Geersing Geert-Jan , Erkelens Daphne Carmen , van Smeden Maarten , Rutten Frans H , Zwart Dorien L 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCallers with acute shortness of breath (SOB) are a challenge for telephone triage at out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC) as SOB could be the sign of a potentially life-threatening disease, yet mostly is a symptom of a broad range of self-limiting disorders. Current telephone triage practice is mainly expert based and clear evidence on accuracy, safety and efficiency of the use of the Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) by triage nurses based on the eventual clinical outcome is lacking for this domain.Methods and data analysisMultiple methods study in five OHS-PC services in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands. Data will be collected from OHS-PC electronic health records (EHR) and backed up tapes of telephone triage conversations, which will be linked to routine primary care EHR data. In cross-sectional studies, we will (1) validate the NTS urgency classification for adults with SOB against final diagnoses and (2) develop diagnostic prediction models for urgent diagnoses (eg, composite endpoint of urgent diagnoses, pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure and pneumonia). We will develop improvement measures for the use of the NTS by triage nurses through practice observations and semistructured interviews with patients, triage nurses and general practitioners (GPs). In an action research approach, we will, in collaboration with these stakeholders, implement and evaluate our findings in both GP and triage nurse educational programmes as well as in OHS-PC services.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Review Committee Utrecht, the Netherlands, approved the study protocol (protocol 21/361). We will take into account the ‘code of conduct for responsible research’ of the WHO, the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the ‘Dutch Medical Treatment Contracts Act’. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and at (inter)national meetings.Trial registration numberNL9682.