bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating Age Related Radial Pulses Using Magneto-Rheological Fluids
Authors: Eaton Miranda , Koo Jeong-Hoi , Yang Tae-Heon , Kim Young-Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study presents the design and test of a new pulse simulator capable of reproducing a wide range of radial pulses. It proposes to use a Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid technology to shape radial pulse waveforms. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate its feasibility of regenerating age-related human radial pulse waveforms using the proposed MR pulse simulator. The overall experimental set up includes a cam system, an MR device, an electromagnet, and sensors (laser displacement and pressure transducer). The cam system generates a base pulse waveform. This base pulse waveform is sent to an MR device which consists of a silicone tube (representing the radial artery) submerged in MR fluid. An electromagnet is placed beneath the MR fluid chamber which applies a specified magnetic field to control the MR fluid. This, in turn, enables the MR fluid to reshape the base pulse waveform to the desired pulse waveform. The mounted sensors collect data and measure the outputs for further analysis. Using this setup, a series of testing will be conducted by varying the input magnetic field with the pulse width modulation (PWM) control. PWM signals can be altered by changing the duty cycle and delay input to the electromagnet. These factors will affect the magnetic field, thus changing the MR fluid surrounding the silicone tube, and shaping the base pulse generated by the cam system. This study will then examine the pulse shaping performance of the MR device by comparing the reproduced radial pulses with those of in vivo radial pulses.
MFC Morphing Aileron Control With Intelligent Sensing
Authors: Haughn Kevin PT. , Gamble Lawren L. , Inman Daniel J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Macro fiber composites (MFC) have proven useful as multifunctional material actuators for implementation in intelligent aerospace structures; however, due to nonlinear behaviors such as hysteresis and creep, incorporating sensor feedback is necessary to achieve sufficient control. In our work we use an antagonistic MFC unimorph system to produce a smooth trailing edge deflection in a morphing airfoil. In the past, piezoelectric flex sensors have been used to provide position feedback for the airfoil trailing edge, but these sensors also suffer from hysteresis. To achieve accurate position measurements from the flex sensors, we use time-series machine learning to model the relationship between flex voltage output and the true deflection. After testing offline, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is implemented for inference on the hardware system and compared to a traditional linear model. True deflection information is obtained through external laser measurements, providing a context for comparing the accuracy of the mentioned state inference methods. Additionally, the sensor models are used in conjunction with a PD feedback controller to determine performance when controlling the aileron. Another difficulty in MFC actuator application is the change in performance under loading. Therefore, we perform final performance comparisons in a wind tunnel to simulate a realistic environment for the airfoil. We find the presented methods improve state inference performance over the traditional linear method, allowing for more accurate tip control under the aerodynamic loading.
Vacuum births and barriers to its use: An observational study in governmental hospitals in Sierra Leone
Authors: Bakke Eirik , Øseth Eirik Hammer , Fofanah Tairu , Sesay Ibrahim , van Duinen Alex , Bolkan Håkon Angell , Westendorp Josien , Lonnee-Hoffmann Risa 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAssisted vaginal births (AVD) can prevent unnecessary caesarean sections (CS). The number of CS is increasing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa; these are still associated with high perioperative mortality rates. The aim of this study is to define the proportion of AVD in governmental hospitals in Sierra Leone and examine barriers to its use.DesignRetrospective observational study of AVD between September 2016 and August 2017.SettingA representative selection of Sierra Leonean governmental hospitals (n=11).Participant and intervention(a) Data were collected from labour ward records. (b) Health workers involved in labour management were questioned.Primary and secondary outcome measures(a) Number of spontaneous, assisted vaginal and caesarean births. (b) Potential barriers to use vacuum-assisted births.Results(a) Total annual numbers of registered births, AVD and CS were 16 833, 631 (3.7%) and 4642 (27.6%). The proportion of vacuum births ranged from 0.0% to 5.1% across facilities. The proportion of CS ranged from 6.5% to 33.4%. (b) The most frequently reported reasons for limited vacuum use were lack of equipment (25/72; 35%) and insufficient training (18/72; 25%).ConclusionsThe proportion of AVD was particularly low in district facilities, and according to healthcare workers this was mostly due to lack of equipment and insufficient training. Implementing relevant training programmes on the use of vacuum devices and increasing the availability of working devices may increase the proportion of vacuum births in government hospitals in Sierra Leone. This could reduce the number of unnecessary CS.
Needs and views on healthy lifestyles for the prevention of dementia and the potential role for mobile health (mHealth) interventions in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Eggink Esmé , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Xingming , Jiang Bin , Liu Hongmei , Ge Siqi , Zhang Wei , Lyu Jihui , Niu Yixuan , Yu Yueyi , Hou Haifeng , Xu Xizhu , Ye Xiaoyan , Wang Wenzhi , Terlou Ruben , Richard Edo , Wang Wei , Wang Youxin , Moll van Charante Eric P , Song Manshu 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesOver the coming decades, China is expected to face the largest worldwide increase in dementia incidence. Mobile health (mHealth) may improve the accessibility of dementia prevention strategies, targeting lifestyle-related risk factors. Our aim is to explore the needs and views of Chinese older adults regarding healthy lifestyles to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia through mHealth, supporting the Prevention of Dementia using Mobile Phone Applications (PRODEMOS) study.DesignQualitative semi-structured interview study, using thematic analysis.SettingPrimary and secondary care in Beijing and Tai’an, China.ParticipantsOlder adults aged 55 and over without dementia with an increased dementia risk, possessing a smartphone. Participants were recruited through seven hospitals participating in the PRODEMOS study, purposively sampled on age, sex, living area and history of CVD and diabetes.ResultsWe performed 26 interviews with participants aged 55–86 years. Three main themes were identified: valuing a healthy lifestyle, sociocultural expectations and need for guidance. First, following a healthy lifestyle was generally deemed important. In addition to generic healthy behaviours, participants regarded certain specific Chinese lifestyle practices as important to prevent disease. Second, the sociocultural context played a crucial role, as an important motive to avoid disease was to limit the care burden put on family members. However, time-consuming family obligations and other social values could also impede healthy behaviours such as regular physical activity. Finally, there seemed to be a need for reliable and personalised lifestyle advice and for guidance from a health professional.ConclusionsThe Chinese older adults included in this study highly value a healthy lifestyle. They express a need for personalised lifestyle support in order to adopt healthy behaviours. Potentially, the PRODEMOS mHealth intervention can meet these needs through blended lifestyle support to improve risk factors for dementia and CVD.Trial registration numberISRCTN15986016; Pre-results.
An investigation of cultural influences in survivors of paediatric cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hou Sharon H J , Schulte Fiona S M 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPaediatric cancer affects children and families from diverse backgrounds. However, there is a limited understanding of how diversity/cultural factors play a role, especially in survivorship. This protocol outlines a systematic review on the cultural influences in survivors of childhood cancer.Methods and analysisThis protocol is reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines checklist and is registered with PROSPERO. EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO are searched. Eligibility criteria include original research studies published in English, and an assessment of culture on survivors of childhood cancer. Search terms are developed with a medical librarian. Primary objective will be to describe culture (ethnic and population groups, migration status, acculturation, cultural characteristics) in survivors of paediatric cancer and study characteristics and methods. Secondary objective will be to identify the role of culture in outcomes of survivors of paediatric cancer. Data extraction will include participant characteristics such as the number of participants and/or controls, sex, age at diagnosis. Extraction will also include analytical approaches, type of cultural variables (predictor, moderator, mediator, outcome) and effect measures.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for this systematic review. Results from this systematic review will be disseminated in line with PRISMA guidelines through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Findings will also be shared with our target communities, including survivors of childhood cancer and their families, through the creation of lay summaries and/or educational workshops in the community. Knowledge gathered from this review may help to identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future research. They may also inform the development of clinical recommendations for healthcare providers of survivors of childhood cancer.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021234101.
An initiative for a more inclusive working life and its effect on return-to-work after sickness absence: a multistate longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hoff Rune , Maltzahn Niklas , Hasting Rachel Louise , Merkus Suzanne L , Undem Karina , Kristensen Petter , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Gran Jon Michael 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo reduce sickness absence (SA) and increase work participation, the tripartite Agreement for a More Inclusive Working Life (IA) was established in Norway in 2001. IA companies have had access to several measures to prevent and reduce SA. Our aim in this paper was to estimate the average effect of having access to IA at the time of entering a first SA on later return-to-work (RTW) and on time spent in other work-related states. A secondary objective was to study how effects varied between women and men, and individuals with SA due to either musculoskeletal or psychological diagnoses.DesignPopulation-based observational multistate longitudinal cohort study.SettingIndividual characteristics and detailed longitudinal records of SA, work and education between 1997-2011 were obtained from population-wide registries.ParticipantsEach individual born in Norway 1967–1976 who entered full-time SA during 2004–2011, with limited earlier SA, was included (n=187 930).Primary and secondary outcome measuresIndividual multistate histories containing dated periods of work, graded SA, full-time SA, non-employment and education.MethodsData were analysed in a multistate model with 500 days of follow-up. The effect of IA was assessed by estimating differences in state probabilities over time, adjusted for confounders, using inverse probability weighting.ResultsIA increased the probability of work after SA, with the largest difference between groups after 29 days (3.4 percentage points higher (95% CI 2.5 to 4.3)). Differences in 1-year expected length of stay were 8.4 additional days (4.9 to 11.9) in work, 7.6 (4.8 to 10.3) fewer days in full-time SA and 1.6 (-0.2 to 3.4) fewer days in non-employment. Similar trends were found within subgroups by sex, musculoskeletal and psychological diagnoses. The robustness of the findings was studied in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionMeasures to prevent and reduce SA, as given through IA, were found to improve individuals’ RTW after entering SA.
Cohort profile: CareConekta: a pilot study of a smartphone application to improve engagement in postpartum HIV care in South Africa
Authors: Clouse Kate , Noholoza Sandisiwe , Ngcobo Nkosinathi , Madwayi Sindiswa , Mrubata Megan , Camlin Carol S , Myer Landon , Phillips Tamsin K 
Published: November 2022

PurposePregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa are at high risk of dropping out of care, particularly after delivery. Population mobility may contribute to disruptions in HIV care, and postpartum women are known to be especially mobile. To improve engagement in HIV care during the peripartum period, we developed CareConekta, a smartphone application (app) that uses GPS coordinates to characterise mobility and allow for real-time intervention. We conducted a randomised controlled pilot study to assess feasibility, acceptability and initial efficacy of the app intervention to improve engagement in HIV care. This cohort profile describes participant enrolment and follow-up, describes the data collected and provides participant characteristics.ParticipantsWe enrolled 200 pregnant women living with HIV attending routine antenatal care at the Gugulethu Midwife Obstetric Unit in Cape Town, South Africa. Eligible women must have owned smartphones that met the app’s technical requirements. Seven participants were withdrawn near enrolment, leaving 193 in the cohort.Findings to dateData were collected from detailed participant questionnaires at enrolment and follow-up (6 months after delivery), as well as GPS data from the app, and medical records. Follow-up is complete; initial analyses have explored smartphone ownership, preferences and patterns of use among women screened for eligibility and those enrolled in the study.Future plansAdditional planned analyses will characterise mobility in the population using the phone GPS data and participant self-reported data. We will assess the impact of mobility on engagement in care for the mother and infant. We also will describe the acceptability and feasibility of the study, including operational lessons learnt. By linking this cohort to the National Health Laboratory Service National HIV Cohort in South Africa, we will continue to assess engagement in care and mobility outcomes for years to come. Collaborations are welcome.Trial registration numberNCT03836625.
Factors affecting contraceptive choice in women over 40: a qualitative study
Authors: Burgin Jo , Bailey Julia V 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the views of women over 40 years in choosing and using contraception, and to inform how contraceptive counselling for this age group could be improved.Design, setting and participantsFourteen women aged 40–52 years were recruited through social media platforms to take part in online, semistructured, in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach.Results(1) Participants were anxious about unplanned pregnancy, and still highly motivated to avoid this. (2) Changes of contraceptive method over the lifecourse were occasionally precipitated by emergent health conditions, but healthcare providers often recommended a change in method on the basis of age alone. (3) Participants were experiencing perimenopausal symptoms but were largely unaware of how hormonal contraception could be used to treat these symptoms. (4) Prior negative experiences with contraceptive methods, coercive experiences with healthcare providers, and traumatic life events all contributed to a narrowing of contraceptive preference in later life.ConclusionWomen over 40 years may be highly motivated to avoid pregnancy. This age group may have complex contraceptive histories with emerging perimenopausal symptoms. Women over 40 years may have accumulated adverse experiences which impact their contraceptive choices. These factors need to be explored by clinicians, to facilitate shared decision-making.
Automated digital technologies for supporting sepsis prediction in children: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tennant Ryan , Graham Jennifer , Mercer Kate , Ansermino J Mark , Burns Catherine M 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWhile there have been several literature reviews on the performance of digital sepsis prediction technologies and clinical decision-support algorithms for adults, there remains a knowledge gap in examining the development of automated technologies for sepsis prediction in children. This scoping review will critically analyse the current evidence on the design and performance of automated digital technologies to predict paediatric sepsis, to advance their development and integration within clinical settings.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, conducted between February and December 2022. We will further develop the protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. We plan to search the following databases: Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Google Scholar, Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies will be included on children >90 days postnatal to <21 years old, predicted to have or be at risk of developing sepsis by a digitalised model or algorithm designed for a clinical setting. Two independent reviewers will complete the abstract and full-text screening and the data extraction. Thematic analysis will be used to develop overarching concepts and present the narrative findings with quantitative results and descriptive statistics displayed in data tables.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this scoping review study of the available literature is not required. We anticipate that the scoping review will identify the current evidence and design characteristics of digital prediction technologies for the timely and accurate prediction of paediatric sepsis and factors influencing clinical integration. We plan to disseminate the preliminary findings from this review at national and international research conferences in global and digital health, gathering critical feedback from multidisciplinary stakeholders.Scoping review registrationhttps://osf.io/veqha/?view_only=f560d4892d7c459ea4cff6dcdfacb086
Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors: a population-based cross-sectional study from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China
Authors: Li ZhenHua , Hu QuanZhong , Ji WeiZhong , Fan QingLi 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectivesThe epidemiology of stroke at high altitudes has not been extensively studied, especially at heights of 4000 m and above. Thus, stroke prevention and treatment at high altitudes are challenging. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of stroke, the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke and the risk factors for stroke in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, a high altitude plateau that inhabits approximately 15 million people.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.SettingData were collected from participants through face-to-face screening using a primary screening table. The table relied on the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project.ParticipantsA total of 10 700 residents aged ≥40 years and living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for more than 6 months participated from January 2019 to December 2021.Main outcome measuresThe primary screening table included basic demographic information, medical history information, personal lifestyle habits and physical examination information.ResultsA total of 10 056 people were included in the analysis. The prevalence of stroke was 2.3% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.6%), and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke was 26.2% (95% CI 25.3% to 27.0%). The prevalence of stroke and the detection rate of individuals at high risk of stroke increased with altitude (p<0.01), and the prevalence of stroke at high altitudes was almost 2.2 times that at mid-altitudes (p<0.01). After full adjustments, age, residence, hypertension, family history of stroke and smoking were significantly associated with stroke (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of stroke, the related risk factors and the detection rate of high-risk individuals were clarified. The prevalence rates of hypertension, overweight or obesity and diabetes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were all higher than the Chinese average. Higher-altitude exposure may be an independent risk factor for stroke.
Study protocol for an integrative theory review of the concept of unidentified pain
Authors: Monroe Todd B , Anderson Alison , Failla Michelle , Carter MIchael 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionMost definitions of pain require individuals experiencing pain to report their pain. There are three groups who may not always report pain including those who: (1) lack the cognitive ability to verbally communicate their pain and also lack a proxy/surrogate to report pain for them; (2) lack the cognitive ability to verbally communicate their pain but have a proxy to report the pain; and (3) have the cognitive ability to verbally report pain but are unable or unwilling to do so. Clinicians may not be able to determine which patients are at risk for unidentified pain. Therefore, in this study, we present a protocol for an integrative review with the aim of identifying existing theoretical approaches to understanding unidentified pain.Methods and analysisWe propose a systematic overview of the existing theoretical approaches to understanding ‘unidentified pain’. We will use Campbell and colleagues’ criteria for systematic reviews of theory and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. Our search will be broad to cover theoretical approaches to ‘unidentified pain’ using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Google Scholar. Covidence systematic review software will be used for data extraction and analysis. Then, qualitative content analysis will take place. The content analysis will be presented as a narrative.Ethics and disseminationNo human or animal subjects will be involved. The results are to be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences in the USA and internationally.
Is having AI generate text cheating?
Authors: Baquero Carlos 
Published: November 2022

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