bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation
Authors: Sayegh Ana Luiza C. , Fan Jui‐Lin , Vianna Lauro C. , Dawes Mathew , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to central, peripheral, and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation. Ten women (29 ± 6 years, 22.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2: mean ± SD) and 10 men (30 ± 7 years, 24.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2) undertook randomized 5 min breathing trials of: room air (eucapnia), isocapnic hypoxia (10% oxygen (O2); peripheral chemoreflex activation), hypercapnic hyperoxia (7% carbon dioxide (CO2), 50% O2; central chemoreflex activation) and hypercapnic hypoxia (7% CO2, 10% O2; central and peripheral chemoreflex activation). Control trials of isocapnic hyperoxia (peripheral chemoreflex inhibition) and hypocapnic hyperoxia (central and peripheral chemoreflex inhibition) were also included. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography), mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) and minute ventilation (E; pneumotachometer) were measured. Total MSNA (P = 1.000 and P = 0.616), MAP (P = 0.265) and E (P = 0.587 and P = 0.472) were not different in men and women during eucapnia and during isocapnic hypoxia. Women exhibited attenuated increases in E during hypercapnic hyperoxia (27.3 ± 6.3 vs. 39.5 ± 7.5 l/min, P < 0.0001) and hypercapnic hypoxia (40.9 ± 9.1 vs. 53.8 ± 13.3 l/min, P < 0.0001) compared with men. However, total MSNA responses were augmented in women (hypercapnic hyperoxia 378 ± 215 vs. 258 ± 107%, P = 0.017; hypercapnic hypoxia 607 ± 290 vs. 362 ± 268%, P < 0.0001). No sex differences in total MSNA, MAP or E were observed during isocapnic hyperoxia and hypocapnic hyperoxia. Our results indicate that young women have augmented sympathetic responses to central chemoreflex activation, which explains the augmented MSNA response to combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation.Key points
Sex differences in the control of breathing have been well studied, but whether there are differences in the sympathetic neurocirculatory responses to chemoreflex activation between healthy women and men is incompletely understood.
We observed that, compared with young men, young women displayed augmented increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during both hypercapnic hyperoxia (central chemoreflex activation) and hypercapnic hypoxia (central and peripheral chemoreflex activation) but had attenuated increases in minute ventilation.
In contrast, no sex differences were found in either muscle sympathetic nerve activity or minute ventilation responses to isocapnic hypoxia (peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation).
Young women have blunted ventilator, but augmented sympathetic responses, to central (hypercapnic hyperoxia) and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation (hypercapnic hypoxia), compared with young men. The possible causative association between the reduced ventilation and heightened sympathetic responses in young women awaits validation.
Eye Protection for Mitigating Soccer-Related Ocular Injuries: A Finite Element Approach
Authors: Shokrollahi Yasin , Dong Pengfei , Lam Matthew , Suh Donny W. , Gu Linxia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, eye protection for mitigating the soccer ball ocular injuries were delineated with computational models. The retinal injuries and the risk of globe rupture were evaluated in terms of the stress in the posterior retinal layer and the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement at the center of the vitreous. The mechanism of the eye protection with goggles was quantified in terms of impact indentation and velocity caused at the contact location in the eyeball. Results have shown that both polycarbonate and acrylic goggles can significantly reduce the stress in the retina and IOP at the center of the vitreous by more than 50%. The polycarbonate (PC) goggles remained intact and bounced backward during impact, leading to smaller impact indentation and velocity in the contact region in the eyeball, compared to the fractured acrylic goggles. These findings may be due to the larger fracture toughness modulus of PC compared to acrylic, indicating that the fracture toughness modulus could be an important parameter for the material selection in protection design. The soccer ball-goggles interaction indicate that the local deformation of soccer ball, i.e., backward bending, plays an important role in the eye protection. These mechanistic understandings could serve as a guidance for the eye protection design.
In Vitro Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ansaripour Hossein , Ferguson Stephen J. , Flohr Markus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the stability of the spine as influenced by the intrinsic properties of its tissue constituents and the severity of degeneration or injury. This also enables the preclinical estimation of spinal implant functionality and the success of operative procedures. The purpose of this review paper was to compile methodologies and results from various studies addressing spinal kinematics in pre- and postoperative conditions so that they could be compared. The reviewed literature was evaluated to provide suggestions for a better approach for future studies, to reduce the uncertainties and facilitate comparisons among various results. The overview is presented in a way to inform various disciplines, such as experimental testing, design development, and clinical treatment. The biomechanical characteristics of the cervical spine, mainly the segmental range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and facet joint load (FJL), have been assessed by testing functional spinal units (FSUs). The relative effects of pathologies including disc degeneration, muscle dysfunction, and ligamentous transection have been studied by imposing on the specimen complex load scenarios imitating physiological conditions. The biomechanical response is strongly influenced by specimen type, test condition, and the different types of implants utilized in the different experimental groups.
Current Attitudes and Beliefs in Interdisciplinary Return to Play Management for Pediatric Concussion: A Survey
Authors: Tiwari Devashish , Kosienski Erica , Kumar Chandra , Schechter Rachel , Sheridan Caitlin , Winshman Lynette 
Published: April 2022

Context: The pediatric population is more susceptible to sustaining concussion and experiencing more severe and prolonged symptoms as compared with adults. Current evidence indicates conflicting beliefs within the interdisciplinary team in terms of best practices for managing pediatric concussion. Objectives: (1) To describe current practices on interdisciplinary coordination among physical therapists (PTs) and athletic trainers (ATs) during management and return to play (RTP) of children and adolescents with concussion and (2) to describe their confidence in implementing RTP protocols, their comprehension of concussion legislation, and scope of practice of their profession regarding returning pediatric athletes to sport postconcussion. Design and Methods: A 34-item anonymous survey containing questions regarding demographics, confidence with concussion management, knowledge of sports-related concussion state legislation, beliefs of interdisciplinary concussion management team, and referral/communication patterns was electronically distributed through alumni networks. Participants: 141 respondents (80 ATs and 61 PTs). Results: Only 12.5% of ATs believed that PTs had any role in the initial concussion management, whereas 65% of PTs regarded the role of ATs in initial management as important. In terms of legislation, 44% of PTs and 12.5% of ATs were unsure of state laws pertaining to concussion management or health care professions responsible for RTP. There was consensus among PTs and ATs (61%) in the lack of interdisciplinary coordination of care and lack of awareness among physician groups regarding RTP protocols. Within their respective disciplines, a greater proportion of PTs (63%) agreed that the process of care lacked standardization as compared with ATs (21%). Conclusion: Lack of interdisciplinary communication and collaboration during management of pediatric concussion may cause premature RTP that may lead to catastrophic effects on the developing pediatric brain. Barriers regarding education, time management, knowledge of state laws, and understanding other professions’ scope of practice need to be further addressed to ensure safe RTP.
Complete Genome Sequence of Methanofollis formosanus DSM 15483
T
, Isolated from an Aquaculture Fish Pond
Authors: Chen Sheng-Chung , Wu Chih-Hung , You Yi-Ting , Wu Sue-Yao , Liao Ching-Hua , Wang Xiang , Li Hongduo , Guo Yun , You Jinhui , Qiu Wanling 
Published: April 2022

The hydrogenotrophic strain
Methanofollis formosanus
DSM 15483
T
(= ML15
T
= OCM 798
T
) was isolated from an aquaculture fish pond near Wang-gong, Taiwan. The genome of strain DSM 15483
T
was selected for sequencing in order to provide further information about the species delineation and its unique habitat.
Automated detection of arterial landmarks and vascular occlusions in patients with acute stroke receiving digital subtraction angiography using deep learning
Authors: Khankari Jui , Yu Yannan , Ouyang Jiahong , Hussein Ramy , Do Huy M , Heit Jeremy J , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDigital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold-standard method of assessing arterial blood flow and blockages prior to endovascular thrombectomy.ObjectiveTo detect anatomical features and arterial occlusions with DSA using artificial intelligence techniques.MethodsWe included 82 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent DSA imaging and whose carotid terminus was visible in at least one run. Two neurointerventionalists labeled the carotid location (when visible) and vascular occlusions on 382 total individual DSA runs. For detecting the carotid terminus, positive and negative image patches (either containing or not containing the internal carotid artery terminus) were extracted in a 1:1 ratio. Two convolutional neural network architectures (ResNet-50 pretrained on ImageNet and ResNet-50 trained from scratch) were evaluated. Area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic and pixel distance from the ground truth were calculated. The same training and analysis methods were used for detecting arterial occlusions.ResultsThe ResNet-50 trained from scratch most accurately detected the carotid terminus (AUC 0.998 (95% CI 0.997 to 0.999), p<0.00001) and arterial occlusions (AUC 0.973 (95% CI 0.971 to 0.975), p<0.0001). Average pixel distances from ground truth for carotid terminus and occlusion localization were 63±45 and 98±84, corresponding to approximately 1.26±0.90 cm and 1.96±1.68 cm for a standard angiographic field-of-view.ConclusionThese results may serve as an unbiased standard for clinical stroke trials, as optimal standardization would be useful for core laboratories in endovascular thrombectomy studies, and also expedite decision-making during DSA-based procedures.
An in vitro model for Extracellular DNA Traps (ETs)-rich Human Thrombus Analogs
Authors: Liu Yang , Dai Daying , Abbasi Mehdi , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Gamb Scott I , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundExtracellular DNA traps (ETs) have important implications in both thrombosis and thrombolysis. Thus, developing benchtop thrombus analogs that recapitulate clinical ETs is potentially of great value for preclinical development and testing of thrombolytic agents and thrombectomy devices. In this study, we aimed to develop ETs-rich thrombus analogs for preclinical testing.MethodsRed blood cell (RBC)-rich, fibrin-rich, and platelet-rich thrombus analogs were created using human whole blood, platelet-poor plasma, and platelet-rich plasma obtained from the blood bank following institutional approval. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (9.9×106 cells/mL) isolated from human whole blood and lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/mL) were added to induce ETs. Histochemical, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to identify thrombus components and ETs. Scanning electronic microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the thrombus analogs. The thrombus compositions, morphologic features of ETs and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) expression were compared with those of thrombi retrieved from patients by thrombectomy.ResultsETs-rich thrombus analogs were more compacted th-an the ETs-poor thrombus analogs. ETs were identified in both ETs-rich thrombus analogs and patient thrombi showing morphologic features including nuclear lobulation, nuclear swelling, diffused chromatin within cytoplasm, DNA/chromatin extending intracellularly and extracellularly, and extracellular chromatin patches and bundles. In the ETs-poor thrombus analogs, ETs were not observed and H3Cit expression was absent to minimal. The compositions and H3Cit expression in the ETs-rich thrombus analogs fell in the range of patient thrombi.ConclusionsETs-rich thrombus analogs can be consistently created in vitro and may benefit the preclinical development and testing of new thrombolytic agents and thrombectomy devices.
Placental mesenchymal stem cells boost M2 alveolar over M1 bone marrow macrophages via IL-1β inKlebsiella-mediated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Wang Li-Tzu , Yen B Linju , Wang Hsiu-Huan , Chao Ying-Yin , Lee Wei , Huang Li-Yueh , Chiu Sheng-Kang , Siu L. Kristopher , Liu Ko-Jiunn , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Yen Men-Luh 
Published: April 2022

RationaleAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lethal complication of severe bacterial pneumonia due to the inability to dampen overexuberant immune responses without compromising pathogen clearance. Both of these processes involve tissue-resident and bone marrow (BM)–recruited macrophage (MΦ) populations which can be polarised to have divergent functions. Surprisingly, despite the known immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), simultaneous interactions with tissue-resident and recruited BMMΦ populations are largely unexplored.ObjectivesWe assessed the therapeutic use of human placental MSCs (PMSCs) in severe bacterial pneumonia with elucidation of the roles of resident alveolar MΦs (AMΦs) and BMMΦs.MethodsWe developed a lethal, murine pneumonia model using intratracheal infection of a clinically relevantKlebsiella pneumoniae(KP) strain with subsequent intravenous human PMSC treatment. Pulmonary AMΦ and recruited BMMΦ analyses, histological evaluation, bacterial clearance and mice survival were assessed. To elucidate the role of resident AMΦs in improving outcome, we performed AMΦ depletion in the KP-pneumonia model with intratracheal clodronate pretreatment.Measurements and main resultsHuman PMSC treatment decreased tissue injury and improved survival of severe KP-pneumonia mice by decreasing the presence and function of recruited M1 BMMΦ while preserving M2 AMΦs and enhancing their antibacterial functions. Interestingly, PMSC therapy failed to rescue AMΦ-depleted mice with KP pneumonia, and PMSC-secreted IL-1β was identified as critical in increasing AMΦ antibacterial activities to significantly improve pathogen clearance—especially bacteraemia—and survival.ConclusionsHuman PMSC treatment preferentially rescued resident M2 AMΦs over recruited M1 BMMΦs with overall M2 polarisation to improve KP-related ARDS survival.
Impact of time-to-treatment on survival for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in the Netherlands: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Klarenbeek Sosse E , Aarts Mieke J , van den Heuvel Michel M , Prokop Mathias , Tummers Marcia , Schuurbiers Olga C J 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe assumption that more rapid treatment improves survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been proven. We studied the relation between time-to-treatment and survival in advanced stage NSCLC patients in a large multicentric nationwide retrospective cohort. Additionally, we identified factors associated with delay.MethodWe selected 10 306 patients, diagnosed and treated between 2014 and 2019 for clinical stage III and IV NSCLC, from the Netherlands Cancer Registry that includes nationwide data from 109 Dutch hospitals. Associations between survival and time-to-treatment were tested with Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Time-to-treatment was adjusted for multiple covariates including diagnostic procedures and type of therapy. Factors associated with delay were identified by multilevel logistic regression.ResultsRisk of death significantly decreased with longer time-to-treatment for stage III patients receiving only radiotherapy (adjusted HR, aHR >21 days: 0.59 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.73)) or any type of systemic therapy (aHR >49 days: 0.72 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.91)) and stage IV patients receiving chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy (aHR >21 days: 0.81 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.88)). No significant association was found for stage III patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and stage IV patients treated with targeted therapy. More complex diagnostic procedures often delay treatment.ConclusionAlthough in general it is important to start treatment as early as possible, our study finds no evidence that a more rapid start of treatment improves outcomes in advanced stage NSCLC patients. The benefit of urgent treatment is probably confounded by unmeasured patient and tumour characteristics and, clinical urgency dictating timelines of treatment. Time-to-treatment and its impact should be continuously evaluated as therapeutic strategies continue to evolve and improve.
Derivation and validation of a simple multidimensional index incorporating exercise capacity parameters for survival prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Chandel Abhimanyu , Pastre Jean , Valery Solène , King Christopher S , Nathan Steven D 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe gender-age-physiology (GAP) index is an easy-to-use baseline mortality prediction model in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The GAP index does not incorporate exercise capacity parameters such as 6 min walk distance (6MWD) or exertional hypoxia. We evaluated if the addition of 6MWD and exertional hypoxia to the GAP index improves survival prediction in IPF.MethodsPatients with IPF were identified at a tertiary care referral centre. Discrimination and calibration of the original GAP index were assessed. The cohort was then randomly divided into a derivation and validation set and performance of the GAP index with the addition of 6MWD and exertional hypoxia was evaluated. A final model was selected based on improvement in discrimination. Application of this model was then evaluated in a geographically distinct external cohort.ResultsThere were 562 patients with IPF identified in the internal cohort. Discrimination of the original GAP index was measured by a C-statistic of 0.676 (95% CI 0.635 to 0.717) and overestimated observed risk. 6MWD and exertional hypoxia were strongly predictive of mortality. The addition of these variables to the GAP index significantly improved model discrimination. A revised index incorporating exercise capacity parameters was constructed and performed well in the internal validation set (C-statistic: 0.752; 95% CI 0.701 to 0.802, difference in C-statistic compared with the refit GAP index: 0.050; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.097) and external validation set (N=108 (C-statistic: 0.780; 95% CI 0.682 to 0.877)).ConclusionA simple point-based baseline-risk prediction model incorporating exercise capacity predictors into the original GAP index may improve prognostication in patients with IPF.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and expiratory airflow at 8 years in children born extremely preterm in the post-surfactant era
Authors: Doyle Lex William , Ranganathan Sarath , Cheong Jeanie 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIt is unclear if bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is independently associated with reduced expiratory airflow at school age.ObjectiveTo determine the independent associations of moderate–severe BPD, mild BPD, gestational age and birth weight z-score with expiratory airflow in children born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks’ gestation).MethodsAll EP survivors born in Victoria, Australia, in three eras (1991–1992, n=225; 1997, n=151; and 2005, n=170) were recruited at birth and 418/546 (77%) had valid spirometry data at 8 years. BPD was classified as moderate–severe (oxygen requirement at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age), or mild (oxygen >28 days but not at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age). Expiratory airflow variables, including the forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), were measured and values converted to z-scores.ResultsCompared with no BPD (n=94), moderate–severe BPD (n=193) was associated with a substantial reduction in expiratory airflow (eg, zFEV1mean difference −0.69, 95% CI −0.97 to –0.41; p<0.001), but mild BPD (n=131) was not (zFEV1mean difference 0.01, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.31; p=0.93). On multivariable analysis, moderate–severe BPD remained strongly associated with reduced airflow (zFEV1mean difference −0.63, 95% CI −0.92 to –0.33; p<0.001), but mild BPD (zFEV1mean difference 0.04, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.34; p=0.27), gestational age (zFEV10.06 mean increase per week, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.17; p=0.29) and birth weight z-score (zFEV10.07 mean increase per SD, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.20; p=0.28) were not.ConclusionsIn children born EP, moderate–severe BPD, but not mild BPD was independently associated with reduced expiratory airflow at 8 years.
Composite nature of $$Z_b$$ states from data analysis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kang Xian-Wei , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use a near-threshold parameterization with explicit inclusion of the Castillejo–Dalitz–Dyson poles, which is more general than the effective range expansion, to study the bottomonium-like states $$Z_b(10610)$$

Z
b

(
10610
)

and $$Z_b(10650)$$

Z
b

(
10650
)

. In terms of the partial-wave amplitude, we fit the event number distribution of $$B^{(*)}{\bar{B}}^*$$

B

(

∗
)

B

¯

∗

system to the experimental data for these resonances from Belle Collaboration. The data could be described very well in our method, which supports the molecular interpretation. Then the relevant physical quantities are obtained, including the $$B^{(*)}\bar{B}^*$$

B

(

∗
)

B

¯

∗

scattering length (a), effective range (r), and residue squared ($$\gamma _s^2$$

γ
s
2

) of the pole in the complex plane. In particular, we find the compositeness can range from about 0.4 up to 1 for the $$B{\bar{B}}^*$$

B

B

¯

∗

($$B^*{\bar{B}}^*$$

B
∗

B

¯

∗

) component in the resonance $$Z_b(10610)$$

Z
b

(
10610
)

($$Z_b(10650)$$

Z
b

(
10650
)

).
A planar algebraic description of conditional expectations
Authors: Giorgetti Luca 
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a unital inclusion of arbitrary von Neumann algebras. We give a 2-[Formula: see text]-categorical/planar algebraic description of normal faithful conditional expectations [Formula: see text] with finite index and their duals [Formula: see text] by means of the solutions of the conjugate equations for the inclusion morphism [Formula: see text] and its conjugate morphism [Formula: see text]. In particular, the theory of index for conditional expectations admits a 2-[Formula: see text]-categorical formulation in full generality. Moreover, we show that a pair [Formula: see text] as above can be described by a Q-system, and vice versa. These results are due to Longo in the subfactor/simple tensor unit case [R. Longo, Index of subfactors and statistics of quantum fields. II. Correspondences, braid group statistics and Jones polynomial, Comm. Math. Phys. 130(1990) 285–309; A duality for Hopf algebras and for subfactors. I, Comm. Math. Phys. 159 (1994) 133–150].