bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition profile of trifludimoxazin towards PPO2 target site mutations
Authors: Porri Aimone , Betz Michael , Seebruck Kathryn , Knapp Michael , Johnen Philipp , Witschel Matthias , Aponte Raphael , Liebl Rex , Tranel Patrick J. , Lerchl Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTarget site resistance to herbicides that inhibit protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO; EC 1.3.3.4) has been described mainly in broadleaf weeds based on mutations in the gene designated protoporphyrinogen oxidase 2 (PPO2) and in one monocot weed species in protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1 (PPO1). To control PPO target site resistant weeds in future it is important to design new PPO‐inhibiting herbicides that can control problematic weeds expressing mutant PPO enzymes. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a new triazinone‐type inhibitor, trifludimoxazin, to inhibit PPO2 enzymes carrying target site mutations in comparison with three widely used PPO‐inhibiting herbicides.RESULTSMutated Amaranthus spp. PPO2 enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and measured biochemically for activity and inhibition kinetics, and used for complementation experiments in an E. coli hemG mutant that lacks the corresponding microbial PPO gene function. In addition, we used ectopic expression in Arabidopsis and structural PPO protein modeling to support the enzyme inhibition study. The generated data strongly suggest that trifludimoxazin is a strong inhibitor both at the enzyme level and in transgenics Arabidopsis ectopically expressing PPO2 target site mutations.CONCLUSIONTrifludimoxazin is a potent PPO‐inhibiting herbicide that inhibits various PPO2 enzymes carrying target site mutations and could be used as a chemical‐based control strategy to mitigate the widespread occurrence of PPO target site resistance as well as weeds that have evolved resistance to other herbicide mode of actions. © 2022 BASF SE and The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanism for high “potential skill” of Indian summer monsoon rainfall prediction up to two years in advance
Authors: Sharma Devabrat , Das Santu , Saha Subodh K. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSkillful prediction of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) at leads of 12–24 months are valuable for farmers and policymakers for water resource management and food security planning. While the ISMR is known to be highly predictable at short leads, estimates of long‐lead “potential skill” is lacking. Here, a new predictor discovery method taking into account simultaneous contributions from all potential drivers unravels a predictor based on the depth of the 20° isotherm (D20) to be best suited for estimating the “potential skill” significantly better than a sea surface temperature (SST)‐based predictor. We find high “potential skills” at 18–24‐months leads instead of at short leads, with the highest skill for 18‐months‐lead forecasts (r = 0.87). Investigation of the intriguing finding reveals that the initial errors for ISMR prediction as well as their growth are controlled by a global manifestation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) oscillator. Phase‐locking of initial errors of D20 and their growth rates with the annual cycle ascertain that forecast errors are minimum and “potential skill” is maximum at leads of 18–24 months. While non‐linearity of small‐scale D20 anomalies may make realization of the potential predictability challenging, with improvements of coupled models and use of deep‐learning artificial‐intelligence techniques, our findings provide optimism for skillful long‐lead forecasts of ISMR in coming years.
Development of an index based on fish, macroinvertebrates, phytoplankton, and physicochemical properties to assess urban aquatic ecosystems in Jinan, China
Authors: Liu Linfei , Xu Zongxue , Yin Xuwang , Li Fulin , Wang Mi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBecause of the rapid growth in urbanization over recent decades, urban aquatic ecosystems have been subjected to unprecedented threats and challenges. In this study, we visited 48 sites, of which 14 were reservoir sites, in water bodies in Jinan, China, on six occasions in May, August, and October of 2014 and 2015. We sampled fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton assemblages and physicochemical factors at each site. We used the richness and diversity of fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton to evaluate the condition of the aquatic ecosystems of the river sites. We also evaluated the water quality of the reservoir sites using the physicochemical factors of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China. We classified the results into five levels—excellent, good, moderate, poor, and bad—with the comprehensive evaluation index (CEI). More than 40% of the sampling sites were in either poor or bad condition. Nearly half of the excellent or good sites were in the south of Jinan. The CEI was significantly different between the reference and impaired sites; it was significantly and positively correlated with the qualitative habitat evaluation index and was significantly and negatively correlated with conductivity, total alkalinity, and ammonia nitrogen.
Critical systems practice 3: Intervene—Flexibly executing a multimethodological intervention
Authors: Jackson Michael C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis is the third of a series of papers on the stages of critical systems practice. Critical systems practice is a multimethodology that seeks to employ the ideas of critical systems thinking to intervene in and improve complex real‐world problem situations. It has four stages—Explore (the problem situation), Produce (an intervention strategy), Intervene (flexibly) and Check (on progress)—called to mind as EPIC. The aim is to set out where thinking has reached on the best way to carry out each of these stages and to invite comment on what more needs doing. This paper discusses the third stage, Intervene. It is concerned with executing a flexible multimethodological intervention in accordance with the agreement reached by decision makers, and other stakeholders, at the end of the previous stage. The theoretical and practical problems associated with multimethodological interventions are discussed, and solutions and ways forward are suggested based on the philosophy of pragmatism.
(Thio)urea Containing Chiral Ammonium Salt Catalysts
Authors: Waser Mario , Winter Michael , Mairhofer Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract(Thio)‐urea‐containing bifunctional quaternary ammonium salts emerged as powerful non‐covalently interacting organocatalysts over the course of the last decade. The most commonly employed catalysts in this field are either based on Cinchona alkaloids, α‐amino acids, or trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine. Our group has been heavily engaged in the design and use of such catalysts, i. e. trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine‐based ones for around 10 years now, and it is therefore the intention of this short personal account to provide an overview of the, at least in our opinion, most significant and pioneering achievements in this field by looking on catalyst design and asymmetric method development, with a special focus on our own contributions.
Large-Scale Dimensional Metrology for Geodesy—First Results from the European GeoMetre Project
Authors: Pollinger Florian , Courde Clément , Eschelbach Cornelia , García-Asenjo Luis , Guillory Joffray , Hedekvist Per Olof , Kallio Ulla , Klügel Thomas , Neyezhmakov Pavel , Pesce Damien , Pisani Marco , Seppä Jeremias , Underwood Robin , Wezka Kinga , Wiśniewski Mariusz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a joint effort, experts from measurement science and space-geodesy develop instrumentation and methods to further strengthen traceability to the SI definition of the metre for geodetic reference frames (GRF). GRFs are based on space-geodetic observations. Local-tie surveys at co-location sites play an important role for their computation. Novel tools are hence developed for reference point monitoring, but also for local tie vector determination and ground truth provision. This contribution reports on the instrumental approaches and achievements after 24 months project duration and discusses the remaining work in the project.
Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi
Authors: Belin Matts-Åke , Vadeby Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
Formal and Disruptive Co-production of the Climate Emergency Response: The Case of Barcelona
Authors: Satorras Mar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe climate emergency momentum has transformed urban climate politics and activism. Among the demands reinvigorated by climate movements, the need for more democratic climate governance has introduced new ways of reengaging citizens in the design and implementation of urban climate action. This chapter focuses on the co-production processes that emerged around climate emergency declarations in cities by analysing the case study of Barcelona (Spain). Using previous literature emphasising the need to politicise new forms of engagement, I identify two distinctive forms of co-producing the climate emergency response. On the one hand, the institutional co-production of the Climate Emergency Declaration by which the City Council created a board and invited stakeholders to participate in the definition. and prioritisation of actions. On the other hand, the struggle of new climate movements to speed up and contest the contents and procedures defining both the Climate Emergency Board and the resultant declaration configured a form of co-production as resistance. The chapter ends up by discussing the transformative potential and the implications for urban resilience derived from the coexistence of formal and disruptive forms of co-producing the responses to the climate emergency.
Times Are Changing and so Is Safety
Authors: Bieder Corinne , Villena-López Jesús 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReflecting about the challenges ahead and the evolution of safety raises a multitude of questions about the future but also about safety. This introductory chapter first nuances the notion of safety as if it were a homogeneous whole. It starts with an overview of the macro-safety model that underpins safety in high-risk industries, or more precisely, of the way industries are expected by society, and thus regulators, to ensure the safety of their operations. Following this safety “as demonstrated” view, it zooms in closer to the field and underlines some discrepancies between this “control” perspective and the actual practices contributing to the safety of high-risk industries, including non-proceduralised ones. It then explores some of the major evolution trends for 2040 and the uncertainties attached to them and reflects upon their possible effects on safety models in the future. With this global picture in mind illustrating the complexity of the topic addressed by the book, the last section provides an overview of the content of the book and its various constitutive chapters.
Standardization and Risk Regulation for High-Hazard Industries
Authors: Baram Michael , Bieder Corinne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHazardous industrial activities have historically been regulated from a safety and/or risk management viewpoint based on regulations enacted by governmental authorities. This chapter describes and explains the decline in the role played by governmental actors in the process of safety regulation and the rise of private standards development organizations. Such an evolution raises a wide range of concerns regarding the incentives to enhance safety, the interests that are protected by standards endorsed by regulators, and at a societal level, the drift away from democratic governance of high-hazard activities.
Adaptive Imagination at Work in Health Care
Authors: Shorrock Steven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter starts with the premise that the future of work is unpredictable. This has been illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and further profound changes in contexts of work will bring significant and volatile changes to future work, as well as health, safety, security, and productivity. Micronarrative testimony from healthcare practitioners whose work has been affected dramatically by the emergence of the pandemic is used in this chapter to derive learning from experience of this major change. The narratives concern the nature of responding to a rapidly changing world, work-as-imagined and work-as-done, human-centred design and systems thinking and practice, and leadership and social capital. Seven learning points were drawn from clinicians’ reflections that may be more widely relevant to the future of work.
Careers Surpassing a Half-Century: A Look at Japan and France
Authors: Tose Akira , Tazi Dounia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Japan, population ageing is leading the government to raise the retirement age to beyond 70, and even to 75 by 2040. This policy of maintaining older workers in employment is compelling companies to provide job opportunities to people with up to 50 years of work experience. This has consequences on the updating of skills—particularly, those related to new technologies, on employee engagement and motivation, on the management of age-related constraints in workstation ergonomics and work organisation, and it could pose a serious threat to safety. This chapter aims to describe the situation in Japan and the possible solutions put forward to overcome challenges. It then invites reflection on the management of longer careers in France and in Europe, where population projections also point to an increasingly aged population by 2040.
Introduction
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs interdisciplinary research fields, child-computer interaction (CCI) and learning technologies have the advantage of enhancing their methods by borrowing from related fields. They represent a research stream that began by applying theories, methods, and tools from a variety of fields, such as the learning sciences, human-computer interaction, design, and the social sciences. Experiments and appropriate experimental methods have been employed extensively over many years to build scientific knowledge and to understand how to design technology to support human needs (e.g., learning, socializing, and wellbeing). This chapter discusses how experiments and experimental studies can be employed in the context of research on learning technology and/or CCI.
Educational Data, Learning Analytics and Dashboards
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen learners interact with technologies and the learning context, a large amount of data is created. The collection, analysis, and utilization of those educational data has provided opportunities for learning technology (and CCI) research. In this chapter, we will discuss how learning systems produce and utilize educational data. In particular, we will discuss contemporary developments in the fields of learning analytics, educational data mining, and learner modelling; and how those advancements have impacted the design and functionalities of learning technologies.
Common Criteria, Pitfalls, and Practices in CCI and Learning Technology Research
Authors: Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThus far, the book provides materials to carry out the whole process of observation, rationalization, and validation, as well as the necessary supporting processes (e.g., artifact design, data analysis, and reporting). At the end of the process, everything is documented in a comprehensive report or a paper, and the respective prototypes, datasets, and practical information are kept on file. An important question, however, remains: In the context of CCI and learning technology research, what are the main reasons for reviewers rejecting a paper or asking for revisions? Considerable effort goes into preparing a paper contribution for a respectable venue (journal or a conference). Researchers do not want to see their effort go to waste, especially if it involves a potentially valuable contribution that could bring credit to authors and fresh insights to readers. Drawing on our own experience and on various guides on how to review papers in CCI, learning technology, and neighboring fields, in this chapter we provide a list of criteria and pitfalls that are common to CCI and learning technology venues.
Finding k-Secluded Trees Faster
Authors: Donkers Huib , Jansen Bart M. P. , de Kroon Jari J. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe revisit the k-Secluded Tree problem. Given a vertex-weighted undirected graph G, its objective is to find a maximum-weight induced subtree T whose open neighborhood has size at most k. We present a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm that solves the problem in time $$2^{\mathcal {O} (k \log k)}\cdot n^{\mathcal {O} (1)}$$, improving on a double-exponential running time from earlier work by Golovach, Heggernes, Lima, and Montealegre. Starting from a single vertex, our algorithm grows a k-secluded tree by branching on vertices in the open neighborhood of the current tree T. To bound the branching depth, we prove a structural result that can be used to identify a vertex that belongs to the neighborhood of any k-secluded supertree $$T' \supseteq T$$ once the open neighborhood of T becomes sufficiently large. We extend the algorithm to enumerate compact descriptions of all maximum-weight k-secluded trees, which allows us to count the number of such trees containing a specified vertex in the same running time.
Empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Lohmann Marco-Thejesh 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden das Vorgehen bei der durchgeführten Untersuchung beschrieben sowie die Analyseergebnisse vorgestellt. Der Fokus der Untersuchung richtet sich auf die im Theoriekapitel (Kapitel 5) formulierten sozialen Tatbedingungen, also darauf, welche Einflüsse anderer Personen ausschlaggebend dafür sind, dass radikalisierte Personen Gewalttaten in Westeuropa begehen. Die konkrete Fragestellung der Studie ist, ob diese Einflussfaktoren bei konkreten islamistischen Gewalttaten tatsächlich die theoretisch angenommenen Wirkungen entfalten oder nicht. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind realisierte bzw. versuchte islamistische Gewaltstraftaten, die zwischen 2000 und 2013 in Westeuropa begangen wurden (insgesamt 121 Fälle mit 655 Tätern). Um der o.g. Fragestellung nachzugehen, wurden zuerst Informationen zu den Tatbedingungen der verschiedenen islamistischen Gewalttaten anhand von frei zugänglichen Quellen gesammelt. Dieses Datenmaterial wurde anschließend mit Hilfe der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse werden sowohl getrennt für jeden einzelnen Fall als auch in einer Gesamtschau präsentiert und im Anschluss diskutiert sowie in den aktuellen Forschungsstand eingeordnet.
Growth hormone/IGF-I-dependent signaling restores decreased expression of the myokine SPARC in aged skeletal muscle
Authors: Mathes Sebastian , Fahrner Alexandra , Luca Edlira , Krützfeldt Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Skeletal muscle exerts many beneficial effects on the human body including the contraction-dependent secretion of peptides termed myokines. We have recently connected the myokine secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) to the formation of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in skeletal muscle from aged mice and humans. Here, we searched for inducers of SPARC in order to uncover novel treatment approaches for IMAT. Endurance exercise in mice as well as forskolin treatment in vitro only modestly activated SPARC levels. However, through pharmacological treatments in vitro, we identified IGF-I as a potent inducer of SPARC expression in muscle cells, likely through a direct activation of its promoter via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphospate 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling. We employed two different mouse models of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I deficiency to solidify our understanding of the relationship between IGF-I and SPARC in vivo. GH administration robustly increased intramuscular SPARC levels (3.5-fold) in GH releasing hormone receptor-deficient mice and restored low intramuscular SPARC expression in skeletal muscle from aged mice. Intramuscular glycerol injections induced higher levels of adipocyte markers (adiponectin, perilipin) in aged compared to young mice, which was not prevented by GH treatment. Our study provides a roadmap for the study of myokine regulation during aging and demonstrates that the GH/IGF-I axis is critical for SPARC expression in skeletal muscle. Although GH treatment did not prevent IMAT formation in the glycerol model, targeting SPARC by exercise or by activation of IGF-I signaling might offer a novel therapeutic strategy against IMAT formation during aging.

Key messages

IGF-I regulates the myokine SPARC in muscle cells directly at the promoter level.

GH/IGF-I is able to restore the decreased SPARC levels in aged skeletal muscle.

The glycerol model induces higher adipocyte markers in aged compared to young muscle.

GH treatment does not prevent IMAT formation in the glycerol model.