bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operculina and Neoassilina: A Revision of Recent Nummulitid Genera Based on Molecular and Morphological Data Reveals a New Genus
Authors: Holzmann Maria , Hohenegger Johann , Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil Laure , Morard Raphael , Abramovich Sigal , Titelboim Danna , Pawlowski Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe genus Operculina, a large symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifer, is characterized by high morphological variability showing thick involute to intermediate semi-involute to flat evolute tests. Different morphotypes are either considered as ecophenotypes or distinct species. In order to test the hypothesis of ecophenotypes versus different species, a single cell high throughput sequencing approach was applied to assess the interspecific diversity of Operculina. This results in two groups of ribotypes, one corresponding to Operculina ammonoides/Operculina discoidalis, the other containing Operculina complanata/Operculina elegans. These groups can also be separated morphologically. Therefore, O. complanata and O. elegans represent a single species and the latter can be regarded as a junior synonym of O. complanata. Operculina ammonoides and O. discoidalis also form a single species, which makes the latter a junior synonym of O. ammonoides. Because generic differences in Operculina species are manifested in morphology and molecular genetics, the genus Neoassilina with the designated species Neoassilina ammonoides is installed. Additional analysis of ribosomal SSU rDNA data of eight recent nummulitid genera confirms the obtained high troughput sequencing results and further shows that Palaeonummulites venosus builds a clade with O. complanata that branches at the base of other Nummulitidae containing Planostegina, Planoperculina, Cycloclypeus, Heterostegina, Operculinella and Neoassilina.
Enhancing the Assessment of Gratitude in Mindfulness Research: a Rasch Analysis of the 6-Item Gratitude Questionnaire
Authors: Bartholomew Emerson , Iqbal Navad , Medvedev Oleg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The 6-item gratitude questionnaire (GQ-6) is a widely used measure reported to be reliable and valid under traditional and Rasch investigations. However, recent investigations were inconsistent regarding the item structure of the GQ-6, with three investigations concluding that item 6 be removed. Previous Rasch analyses also did not produce interval conversion tables, a key benefit of this method which provides a means of improving scale accuracy and aligning the scale with the fundamental principles of measurement.

Methods
A Partial Credit Rasch Model was used to evaluate psychometric properties of the GQ-6 using a combined sample of 663 respondents from the USA (n = 345) and India (n = 318).

Results
Initial analysis showed significant scale dysfunction, with overall and individual item misfit, local dependency, disordered response thresholds, instances of differential item functioning by age and nationality, along with poor reliability. Through the use of recent advances in the Rasch methodology, locally dependent items were combined into two super-items and the best fit to the Rasch model was obtained with evidence of strict unidimensionality, invariance, and strong reliability. Results indicate the GQ-6 is suitable for individual and group assessment, while also permitting the creation of an ordinal-to-interval conversion algorithm which has been provided here.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the robust psychometric properties of the GQ-6 after minor modifications and provides a means for clinicians and researchers to improve the accuracy of this widely used measure in mindfulness research and other relevant studies without modification of its original response format.
Investigating SARS-CoV-2 RNA in five municipal wastewater treatment plants, hospital wastewater and wastewater collection networks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors: Dargahi Abdollah , Vosoughi Mehdi , Normohammadi Ali , Sedigh Anoshirvan , Gholizadeh Helia , Sadeghi Hadi , Karami Chiman , Jeddi Farhad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus with acute respiratory symptoms has caused an epidemic worldwide. Transmission of the disease through respiratory droplets was announced as the main mode of transmission in 2020. But in this study, we discussed the method of indirect transmission of the virus through sewage. In this study, effluents related to urban and hospital wastewater treatment plants in 5 regions of Ardabil Province (northwest of Iran) were investigated. In this research, 120 samples were kept in pre-test conditions (temperature -20 degrees Celsius). To identify the viral genome, special primer and chain reaction probe targeting ORF1ab and N (nucleoprotein gene) genes were used. Out of a total of 120 samples, a total of 3 samples were positive. Wastewater epidemiology (WBE) can be considered as a cost-effective method in the diagnosis and prediction of pathogenic agents. And be considered an effective method for decision-making in order to protect the health of citizens.
The effect of liquid temperature on bubble-size distribution in the presence of power ultrasound and carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Dehane Aissa , Merouani Slimane , Hamdaoui Oualid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcoustic cavitation-induced sonochemistry is employed for a variety of industrial and laboratory-scale physical and chemical applications, including cleaning, nanomaterial synthesis, and destruction of water contaminants. In acoustic bubbles, CCl4 pyrolysis can totally alter the bubble sonochemistry as well as the active bubble-size population. The present theoretical work provides the unique study on the effect of liquid temperature on the size distribution of acoustically active bubbles in the presence of CCl4 (i.e., precursor of reactive chlorine species, RCS, and scavenger of hydrogen atom in pyrolytic reactions) in the bulk liquid. An updated reaction scheme for CCl4 sonopyrolysis is used. It was found that the sonopyrolysis of CCl4 within the bubble reduces its maximal temperature, but it notably increases its maximal molar yield. For lower CCl4 concentrations (≤ 0.1 mM), the broadness of active bubbles range for the total oxidants yield increased proportionally with the rise of liquid temperature from 20 to 50 °C. Nevertheless, the increase of CCl4 concentration amortizes this width increase over the same range of liquid temperature (20–50 °C). At higher concentrations of CCl4 (> 0.1 mM), the broadness of the active bubbles range becomes approximately constant and independent of the liquid temperature and CCl4 concentration.
To Each Technology Its Own Ethics: The Problem of Ethical Proliferation
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug , Danaher John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEthics plays a key role in the normative analysis of the impacts of technology. We know that computers in general and the processing of data, the use of artificial intelligence, and the combination of computers and/or artificial intelligence with robotics are all associated with ethically relevant implications for individuals, groups, and society. In this article, we argue that while all technologies are ethically relevant, there is no need to create a separate ‘ethics of X’ or ‘X ethics’ for each and every subtype of technology or technological property—e.g. computer ethics, AI ethics, data ethics, information ethics, robot ethics, and machine ethics. Specific technologies might have specific impacts, but we argue that they are often sufficiently covered and understood through already established higher-level domains of ethics. Furthermore, the proliferation of tech ethics is problematic because (a) the conceptual boundaries between the subfields are not well-defined, (b) it leads to a duplication of effort and constant reinventing the wheel, and (c) there is danger that participants overlook or ignore more fundamental ethical insights and truths. The key to avoiding such outcomes lies in a taking the discipline of ethics seriously, and we consequently begin with a brief description of what ethics is, before presenting the main forms of technology related ethics. Through this process, we develop a hierarchy of technology ethics, which can be used by developers and engineers, researchers, or regulators who seek an understanding of the ethical implications of technology. We close by deducing two principles for positioning ethical analysis which will, in combination with the hierarchy, promote the leveraging of existing knowledge and help us to avoid an exaggerated proliferation of tech ethics.
Realizing translucency in aluminosilicate glass at ultralow temperature via cold sintering process
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Kangjing , Luo Wei , Cheng Xiaowei , Fan Yuchi , Jiang Wan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlass with high visible-light transparency is widely considered as the most important optical material, which typically requires a processing temperature higher than 1000 °C. Here, we report a translucent aluminosilicate glass that can be prepared by cold sintering process (CSP) at merely 300 °C. After eliminating structural pores in hexagonal faujasite (EMT)-type zeolite by heat treatment, the obtained highly active nanoparticles are consolidated to have nearly full density by adding NaOH solution as liquid aids. However, direct densification of EMT powder cannot remove the structural pores of zeolite completely, leading to an opaque compact after the CSP. It is proved that the chemical reaction between the NaOH- and zeolite-derived powders is highly beneficial to dissolution-precipitation process during sintering, leading to the ultra-low activation energy of 27.13 kJ/mol. Although the addition of 5 M NaOH solution greatly promotes the densification via the reaction with aluminosilicate powder, lower or higher concentration of solvent can deteriorate the transmittance of glass. Additionally, the CSP-prepared glass exhibits a Vickers hardness of 4.3 GPa, reaching 60% of the reported value for spark plasma sintering (SPS)-prepared sample.
Fatigue and Human Performance: An Updated Framework
Authors: Behrens Martin , Gube Martin , Chaabene Helmi , Prieske Olaf , Zenon Alexandre , Broscheid Kim-Charline , Schega Lutz , Husmann Florian , Weippert Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228–38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not included and the interdependence of the mechanisms driving performance fatigability and perceived fatigability were not comprehensively discussed. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to (1) update the fatigue framework suggested by Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228–38, 2016, [3]) pertaining the taxonomy (i.e., cognitive performance fatigue and perceived cognitive fatigue were added) and important determinants that were not considered previously (e.g., effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation), (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor and cognitive tasks as well as their interdependence, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on these interactions. We propose to define motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue as a psychophysiological condition characterized by a decrease in motor or cognitive performance (i.e., motor or cognitive performance fatigue, respectively) and/or an increased perception of fatigue (i.e., perceived motor or cognitive fatigue). These dimensions are interdependent, hinge on different determinants, and depend on body homeostasis (e.g., wakefulness, core temperature) as well as several modulating factors (e.g., age, sex, diseases, characteristics of the motor or cognitive task). Consequently, there is no single factor primarily determining performance fatigue and perceived fatigue in response to motor or cognitive tasks. Instead, the relative weight of each determinant and their interaction are modulated by several factors.
Wearables for Running Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mason Rachel , Pearson Liam T. , Barry Gillian , Young Fraser , Lennon Oisin , Godfrey Alan , Stuart Samuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRunning gait assessment has traditionally been performed using subjective observation or expensive laboratory-based objective technologies, such as three-dimensional motion capture or force plates. However, recent developments in wearable devices allow for continuous monitoring and analysis of running mechanics in any environment. Objective measurement of running gait is an important (clinical) tool for injury assessment and provides measures that can be used to enhance performance.ObjectivesWe aimed to systematically review the available literature investigating how wearable technology is being used for running gait analysis in adults.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Information was extracted from each included article regarding the type of study, participants, protocol, wearable device(s), main outcomes/measures, analysis and key findings.ResultsA total of 131 articles were reviewed: 56 investigated the validity of wearable technology, 22 examined the reliability and 77 focused on applied use. Most studies used inertial measurement units (n = 62) [i.e. a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers in a single unit] or solely accelerometers (n = 40), with one using gyroscopes alone and 31 using pressure sensors. On average, studies used one wearable device to examine running gait. Wearable locations were distributed among the shank, shoe and waist. The mean number of participants was 26 (± 27), with an average age of 28.3 (± 7.0) years. Most studies took place indoors (n = 93), using a treadmill (n = 62), with the main aims seeking to identify running gait outcomes or investigate the effects of injury, fatigue, intrinsic factors (e.g. age, sex, morphology) or footwear on running gait outcomes. Generally, wearables were found to be valid and reliable tools for assessing running gait compared to reference standards.ConclusionsThis comprehensive review highlighted that most studies that have examined running gait using wearable sensors have done so with young adult recreational runners, using one inertial measurement unit sensor, with participants running on a treadmill and reporting outcomes of ground contact time, stride length, stride frequency and tibial acceleration. Future studies are required to obtain consensus regarding terminology, protocols for testing validity and the reliability of devices and suitability of gait outcomes.Clinical Trial RegistrationCRD42021235527.
Emotion recognition, alexithymia, empathy, and emotion regulation in women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Saure Emma , Raevuori Anu , Laasonen Marja , Lepistö-Paisley Tuulia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with challenges in recognizing, understanding, and interpreting one’s own and other’s emotional states, feelings, and thoughts. It is unknown whether difficulties in emotion processing occur independently of common comorbid symptoms of AN and predict acute eating disorder characteristics. We aimed to examine emotion recognition, alexithymia, emotion regulation, and empathy in individuals with AN and to assess whether these predict eating disorder symptoms independently from comorbid symptoms.

Methods
Participants included 42 women with AN and 40 healthy control (HC) women between 18–30 years. Basic and complex emotion recognition was assessed with face photos and video clips. Alexithymia, empathy, emotion regulation, and comorbid symptoms (anxiety, depressive, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms and ASD traits) were assessed with self-assessment questionnaires.

Results
Participants with AN exhibited difficulties in basic and complex emotion recognition, as well as increased alexithymia, decreased empathy, and challenges in emotion regulation when compared to HCs. After controlling for comorbid symptoms, differences remained only in complex emotion recognition. Challenges in emotion recognition were associated with lower body mass index, and increased alexithymia was associated with increased eating disorder symptoms. Increased challenges in emotion regulation were associated with a shorter duration of illness, higher body mass index, and increased eating disorder symptoms.

Conclusions
Participants with AN displayed widespread deficit in emotion processing, but only challenges in complex emotion recognition occurred independently from comorbid symptoms. Deficits in emotion processing may contribute to the illness severity and thus could be an important treatment target.

Level of Evidence
Level III, case-control analytic study.
Fecal microbiota composition is related to brown adipose tissue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in young adults
Authors: Ortiz-Alvarez L. , Acosta F. M. , Xu H. , Sanchez-Delgado G. , Vilchez-Vargas R. , Link A. , Plaza-Díaz J. , Llamas J. M. , Gil A. , Labayen I. , Rensen P. C. N. , Ruiz J. R. , Martinez-Tellez B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its related cardiometabolic diseases; however, whether the gut microbiota might be an efficient stimulus to activate BAT metabolism remains to be ascertained. We aimed to investigate the association of fecal microbiota composition with BAT volume and activity and mean radiodensity in young adults.

Methods
82 young adults (58 women, 21.8 ± 2.2 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyse the fecal microbiota composition. BAT was determined via a static 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET/CT) after a 2 h personalized cooling protocol. 18F-FDG uptake was also quantified in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscles.

Results
The relative abundance of Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae sp. and Ruminococcus genera was negatively correlated with BAT volume, BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≤ − 0.232, P ≤ 0.027), whereas the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium genus was positively correlated with BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≥ 0.262, P ≤ 0.012). On the other hand, the relative abundance of Sutterellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families was positively correlated with 18F-FDG uptake by WAT and skeletal muscles (all rho ≥ 0.213, P ≤ 0.042). All the analyses were adjusted for the PET/CT scan date as a proxy of seasonality.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that fecal microbiota composition is involved in the regulation of BAT and glucose uptake by other tissues in young adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Clinical trial information
ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02365129 (registered 18 February 2015).
Comparative Studies of Cr/Ti Additions for Cu40Mn25Al20Fe5Ni5 HEA on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior in HNO3 Solution
Authors: Mohamed Lamiaa Z. , Abdelghafar Khaled A. , Aly Hayam A. , Gaber Ghalia A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe influence of Cr or Ti additions to Cu40Mn25Al20Fe5Ni5 high entropy alloy (HEA) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior in different concentrations of HNO3 solution were investigated. The microstructures of the Cu-rich HEAs are characterized and analyzed. Microstructural analysis of the HEAs indicates the formation of a dendritic structure. Also, the phases are identified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the investigated HEAs in the HNO3 solution was studied. The corrosion rate (CR) for Cu40Mn25Al20Fe5Ni5Ti5 HEA (Ti5 HEA) has a lower value than Cu40Mn25Al20Fe5Ni5Cr5 HEA (Cr5 HEA). The morphology of the corroded HEAs was investigated by using SEM images, EDX analysis, and mapping for elemental distribution. Cr addition led to the formation of a Cr2O3 protective film on the dendrites. However, the Ti5 HEA has a good surface morphology with a homogenous distribution than Cr5 HEA which is associated with a decrease in the corrosion rate.
On the fundamental solution for degenerate Kolmogorov equations with rough coefficients
Authors: Anceschi Francesca , Rebucci Annalaura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to prove the existence of a fundamental solution associated to the Kolmogorov equation$$\mathscr {L}u = f$$Lu=fin the dilation invariant case, with bounded measurable first order coefficients and bounded diffusion coefficients satisfying a sort of divergence free assumption. Finally, we prove Gaussian upper and lower bounds for the fundamental solution, and other related properties, under less restrictive assumptions on the coefficients.
Olympic Planning, Profit, and Participation: Towards a Children’s rights-based Approach to Sport mega-event Research?
Authors: Byrne Seamus , Ludvigsen Jan Andre Lee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is well-established that sport mega-events remain highly relevant sites of enquiry for sociologists of leisure. Whereas sport mega-events are associated with a range of diverse and (un-)intended socio-spatial impacts, they can also have transformative impacts on children and young people. Against this backdrop, this article discusses the inter-relationship between sport mega-events and young people. By focusing predominantly on Olympic planning, participation and profits – which we call the ‘3Ps’ – we argue that researchers may turn towards research methodologies that are underpinned by children’s rights principles and which increasingly voice the perceptions of children and young people on the social impacts of sport mega-events. At the same time, we also reflect on exactly how children’s rights-based methodologies in this context can push the boundaries of the sociology of leisure, events and sport. In this sense, we contend that this article makes an important contribution to the academic work on the nexus between sport mega-events and young people and to our understanding of mega-events’ social costs.