bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Min‐max kurtosis stratum mean: An improved K‐means cluster initialization approach for microarray gene clustering on multidimensional big data
Authors: Pandey Kamlesh Kumar , Shukla Diwakar 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYMicroarray gene clustering is a big data application that employs the K‐means (KM) clustering algorithm to identify hidden patterns, evolutionary relationships, unknown functions and gene trends for disease diagnosis, tissue detection and biological analysis. The selection of initial centroids is a major issue in the KM algorithm because it influences the effectiveness, efficiency and local optima of the cluster. The existing initial centroid initialization algorithm is computationally expensive and degrades cluster quality due to the large dimensionality and interconnectedness of microarray gene data. To deal with this issue, this study proposed the min‐max kurtosis stratum mean (MKSM) algorithm for big data clustering in a single machine environment. The MKSM algorithm uses kurtosis for dimension selection, mean distance for gene relationship identification, and stratification for heterogeneous centroid extraction. The results of the presented algorithm are compared to the state‐of‐the‐art initialization strategy on twelve microarray gene datasets utilizing internal, external and statistical assessment criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the MKSMKM algorithm reduces iterations, distance computation, data comparison and local optima, and improves cluster performance, effectiveness and efficiency with stable convergence.
An Artificial Photosystem of Metal‐Insulator‐CTF Nanoarchitectures for Highly Efficient and Selective CO2 Conversion to CO
Authors: Tian Jinjin , Zhang Jinpeng , Xu Bin , Chen Qiaoshan , Huang Guocheng , Bi Jinhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is of pivotal significance to explore robust photocatalysts to promote the photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels. Herein, an intelligent metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) nano‐architectural photosystem was constructed by electrostatic self‐assembly between cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) insulator‐capped metal Ni nanoparticles (NPs) and covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTF‐1). The metal‐insulator‐CTF composites unveiled a substantially higher CO evolution rate (1254.15 μmol g−1 h−1) compared with primitive CTF‐1 (1.08 μmol g−1 h−1) and reached considerable selectivity (98.9 %) under visible‐light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic CO2 conversion activity over Ni‐CTAB‐CTF nanoarchitecture could be attributed to the larger surface area, reinforced visible‐light response, and CO2 capture capacity. More importantly, the Ni‐CTAB‐CTF nanoarchitecture endowed the photoexcited electrons on CTF‐1 with the ability to tunnel across the thin CTAB insulating layer, directionally migrating to Ni NPs and thereby leading to the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes in the photosystem. In addition, isotope‐labeled (13CO2) tracer results verified that the reduction products come from CO2 rather than the decomposition of the photocatalysts. This study opens a new avenue for establishing a highly efficient and selective artificial photosystem for CO2 conversion.
Employing simplified resistance–inductance–capacitance equivalent circuits to analyze and confirm a gallium nitride‐based current linear regulator for laser diode controls
Authors: Pai Kai‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a gallium nitride (GaN)‐based current linear regulator (GBCLR) was developed and implemented to control 450 nm laser diodes, and the laser beams could be concentrated by the fiber optic cable. The GBCLR consisted of a GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) and wide‐bandwidth operational amplifiers. When using the GBCLR, the driving current of the laser diode can be operated in either continuous constant‐current mode for a continuous‐wave laser or pulse‐width modulation mode to achieve a short‐pulsed time laser. In the high‐frequency pulse‐width modulation mode of the GBCLR, the parasitic elements of the GaN HEMT, laser diodes, and printed circuit board must be evaluated because they can cause the gate–source voltage to overshoot and influence the laser operating current; however, few studies have analyzed these phenomena. This study adopted the complex equivalent circuits of the GaN HEMT and laser diode to establish a complete GBCLR simulation schematic with the same physical configurations and packages; thus, the GBCLR simulation circuit was able to obtain the critical simulation waveform, and the unknown parasitic element parameters could be inferred for the GBCLR design. However, the complete equivalent circuit of the GBCLR was quite complex; therefore, this study proposed a new simplified model and method to demonstrate that this method was practicable. Finally, a GBCLR prototype was developed, and the critical experimental waveforms were measured to verify the simulations and analyses.
The neurobiological reward system and binge eating: A critical systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Leenaerts Nicolas , Jongen Daniëlle , Ceccarini Jenny , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vrieze Elske 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveChanges in reward processing are hypothesized to play a role in the onset and maintenance of binge eating (BE). However, despite an increasing number of studies investigating the neurobiological reward system in individuals who binge eat, no comprehensive systematic review exists on this topic. Therefore, this review has the following objectives: (1) identify structural and functional changes in the brain reward system, either during rest or while performing a task; and (2) formulate directions for future research.MethodsA search was conducted of articles published until March 31, 2022. Neuroimaging studies were eligible if they wanted to study the reward system and included a group of individuals who binge eat together with a comparator group. Their results were summarized in a narrative synthesis.ResultsA total of 58 articles were included. At rest, individuals who binge eat displayed a lower striatal dopamine release, a change in the volume of the striatum, frontal cortex, and insula, as well as a lower frontostriatal connectivity. While performing a task, there was a higher activity of the brain reward system when anticipating or receiving food, more model‐free reinforcement learning, and more habitual behavior. Most studies only included one patient group, used general reward‐related measures, and did not evaluate the impact of comorbidities, illness duration, race, or sex.DiscussionConfirming previous hypotheses, this review finds structural and functional changes in the neurobiological reward system in BE. Future studies should compare disorders, use measures that are specific to BE, and investigate the impact of confounding factors.Public Significance StatementThis systematic review finds that individuals who binge eat display structural and functional changes in the brain reward system. These changes could be related to a higher sensitivity to food, relying more on previous experiences when making decisions, and more habitual behavior. Future studies should use a task that is specific to binge eating, look across different patient groups, and investigate the impact of comorbidities, illness duration, race, and sex.
Assessing cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa using eye tracking: A registered report
Authors: Dann Kelly M. , Veldre Aaron , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen , Andrews Sally 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveCognitive flexibility research in anorexia nervosa (AN) has primarily focused on group differences between clinical and control participants, but research in the general population utilizing the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade flexibility task has demonstrated individual differences in trait anxiety are a determinant of switching performance, and switching impairments are more pronounced for keypress than saccadic (eye‐movement) responses. The aim of the current research is to explore trait anxiety and differences in saccadic and keypress responding as potential determinants of performance on flexibility tasks in AN.MethodWe will compare performance on the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade paradigm between female adult participants with a current diagnosis of AN and matched control participants, observing both saccadic and keypress responses while controlling for trait anxiety (State ‐ Trait Anxiety Inventory) and spatial working memory (Corsi Block Tapping Test). Associations with eating disorder‐related symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), flexibility in everyday life (Eating Disorder Flexibility Index), and the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire will also be assessed.ResultsData which controls for individual differences in trait anxiety and assesses flexibility at both the task‐ and response‐set level may be used to more accurately understand differences in performance on cognitive flexibility tasks by participants with AN.DiscussionClarifying the effects of trait anxiety on flexibility, and differences between task‐ and response‐set switching may advance our understanding of how cognitive flexibility relates to flexibility in everyday life and improve translation to therapeutic approaches.Public significance statementThis research will compare performance on a flexibility task between participants with anorexia nervosa (AN) and controls while observing their eye‐movements to examine whether trait anxiety and type of response (eye‐movement and keypress) are associated with performance. This data may improve our understanding of why participants with AN perform more poorly on cognitive flexibility tasks, and how poor cognitive flexibility relates to eating disorder‐related issues with flexibility in everyday life.
Synthesis of Fungal Cell Wall Oligosaccharides and Their Ability to Trigger Plant Immune Responses
Authors: Chaube Manishkumar A. , Trattnig Nino , Lee Du‐Hwa , Belkhadir Youssef , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOligosaccharide fragments of fungal cell wall glycans are important molecular probes for studying both the biology of fungi and fungal infections of humans, animals, and plants. The fungal cell wall contains large amounts of various polysaccharides that are ligands for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), eliciting an immune response upon recognition. Towards the establishment of a glycan array platform for the identification of new ligands of plant PRRs, tri‐, penta‐, and heptasaccharide fragments of different cell wall polysaccharides were prepared. Chito‐ and β‐(1→6)‐gluco‐oligosaccharides were synthesized by automated glycan assembly (AGA), and α‐(1→3)‐ and α‐(1→4)‐gluco‐oligosaccharides were synthesized in solution using a recently reported highly α‐selective glycosylation methodology. Incubation of plants with the synthesized oligosaccharides revealed i) length dependence for plant activation by chito‐oligosaccharides and ii) β‐1,6‐glucan oligosaccharides as a new class of glycans capable of triggering plant activation.
Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors Based on Electroactive Bacterial Systems for Toxicant Monitoring: A Minireview
Authors: Haddour Naoufel , Azri Yamina Mounia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there have been advancements in the development of bacterial electrochemical sensors for toxicity monitoring, especially through utilization of electroactive bacteria. Accordingly, this mini review summarizes the recent advances in the design of bacterial‐based electrochemical sensors with a specific discussion of main methodologies used for preparation of bioelectrodes based on electroactive bacteria. Additionally, current trends in the design of efficient and high performing bacterial electrochemical sensors for toxicity monitoring are presented. An overview of the most relevant findings and challenges of this technology for practical are provided and might serve as a general outlook for planning further research.
What we can do about Autism and Eating Disorder comorbidity
Authors: Tchanturia Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe are pleased to introduce this special issue about Autism and Feeding and Eating Disorders, representing reflections on this complex comorbidity.MethodContributions focussed on several main themes: (1) the definition and assessment of autism and eating disorder (ED) comorbidity; (2) the brain imaging findings of similarities and differences between autism and EDs; (3) sensory systems and interoception; (4) comorbidity across the age spectrum and (5) improving treatment outcomes in ED and autism comorbidity.ResultsThe papers in this issue highlight the importance of research, screening and practical adaptations in the field of ED and autism comorbidity. Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with several strengths and weaknesses. When patients present with this comorbidity, it is important that their ED is treated which requires careful adaptation and tailoring for people with autism.DiscussionThis special issue is an attempt to facilitate further research and stimulate collaborations between all of the stakeholders, particularly clinicians who have expertise in autism and clinicians working in the field of ED. We have included diverse themes from international researchers conducting qualitative and quantitative studies, providing research evidence to inform treatment modifications for this complex comorbidity.
Frost cracking dictated landslide distribution in response to temperature change since Last Glacial Maximum across the Eastern Qilian Mountains
Authors: Geng Haopeng , Hong Yang , Milledge David G. , Pan Baotian , Guo Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemperature‐dependent frost cracking is a major weathering process that dominates sediment supply and hillslope erosion by reducing shear strength and conditioning slopes to be more failure‐prone in cold mountain regions. Landslides are a common erosional process in such landscapes. The linkage between these two processes has been proposed but many of the mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this study we compile a landslide inventory in the Eastern Qilian Mountains including 2482 rockfalls and 5373 elongate transport zone footprints. We use a widely accepted frost cracking model to explore this weathering process as a mechanism of paleoclimate control on the modern landslide distribution. The results show that landslides concentrate in a narrow altitudinal range and that this elevation dependence varies with slope aspect. Based on the paleoclimate record, we calculate the time‐averaged frost cracking intensity (Fci) since Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and adopt different parameters for two slope aspects. We find that time averaged Fci is a good predictor of the landslide elevation distribution for both aspects. We then introduce two slope‐based landslide initiation and runout models (i.e., SHALRUN and FCIRUN) to examine the relative roles of slope versus temperature in determining the landslide probability in space. The FCIRUN model, which incorporates Fci as a measure of sediment supply, consistently outperforms the SHALRUN model. This result suggests that frost cracking determines the pattern of landslide initiation, although topography still controls their runout path. Our study highlights the potential of introducing Fci into slope‐based landslide prediction models to improve model skill in identifying hazardous areas (e.g., rockfall) across weathering‐limited landscapes like the Qilian Mountains.
Low‐latency selective encryption scheme for scalable extension of high‐efficiency video coding
Authors: Faragallah Osama S. , Sallam Ahmed I. , Alajmi Masoud , El‐sayed Hala S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article presents a selective encryption (SE) chaotic video stream cipher for the scalable extended high‐efficiency video coding (SHVC) bitstream. The proposed SHVC SE uses a logistic map (LM) for enciphering the motion vector difference (MVD), discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and delta quantization parameter (dQP) sign bits. The SHVC SE chaotic video stream cipher is proposed to secure the most sensitive bits of the SHVC while keeping the video format compliance feature. Also, this paper presents a performance analysis for the proposed SHVC SE and the AES in CFB operation mode. Experimental results illustrate the main feature of using the LM in the proposed SHVC SE, which is lower latency encoding time for the SHVC SE chaotic video stream cipher than using the AES in CFB operation mode. Security investigations are performed on the proposed SHVC SE for ensuring the robustness of the ciphered SHVC digital video against unauthorized attacks.
The role of investor sentiment in forecasting housing returns in China: A machine learning approach
Authors: Cepni Oguzhan , Gupta Rangan , Onay Yigit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the predictive ability of aggregate and disaggregate proxies of investor sentiment, over and above standard macroeconomic predictors, in forecasting housing returns in China, using an array of machine learning models. We find that our new aligned investor sentiment index has greater predictive power for housing returns than the principal component analysis (PCA)‐based sentiment index, used earlier in the literature. Moreover, shrinkage models utilizing the disaggregate sentiment proxies do not result in forecast improvement indicating that aligned sentiment index optimally exploits information in the disaggregate proxies of investor sentiment. Furthermore, when we let the machine learning models to choose from all key control variables and the aligned sentiment index, the forecasting accuracy is improved at all forecasting horizons, rather than just the short‐run as witnessed under standard predictive regressions. This result suggests that machine learning methods are flexible enough to capture both structural change and time‐varying information in a set of predictors simultaneously to forecast housing returns of China in a precise manner. Given the role of the real estate market in China's economic growth, our result of accurate forecasting of housing returns has important implications for both investors and policymakers.
Guanaco colonisation of Tierra del Fuego Island from mainland Patagonia: Walked, swam, or by canoe?
Authors: Franklin William L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAddressed here is the biogeographical‐vexing question of why the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is the only large mammal on the big island of Tierra del Fuego, answered by comparing alternative colonisation hypotheses. A multidisciplinary examination was conducted into the archaeological, ecological, evolutionary, geographical, genomic, glacial and zoological past, plus distribution of native terrestrial vertebrates in the Patagonia of southern South America. Notable disparities exist between main Patagonia (2.5 species/10,000 km2) compared with Tierra del Fuego (1.8). In the similar‐sized area of mainland Patagonia just north of the Strait of Magellan there are 12 reptiles, 7 amphibians and 34 mammals = 53 total species; Tierra del Fuego has 13. Despite being the size of Switzerland and only 3.1 km from the mainland, Tierra del Fuego has no species of snakes, salamanders, frogs or turtles, only one lizard, one toad, nine small mammals, one carnivore and one ungulate, the Guanaco. An innovative proposal is made contrary to traditional thinking: Tierra del Fuego has relatively few native‐terrestrial vertebrates because they were decimated by major tephra‐ash fallout (2 to >15 cm) from the Holocene 7750 YBP (years before present) Hudson volcano, the biggest and most destructive eruption in Patagonia during the past 10,000 years that eradicated indigenous peoples, most terrestrial vertebrates and all Guanacos. Neither terrestrial vertebrates nor man were replenished from the adjacent mainland for 1000 years because the Strait of Magellan was a complete biogeographical barrier. Guanacos on Tierra del Fuego have lower genetic diversity compared with the mainland, suggesting it is a younger population. Empirical evidence and pivotal events of Patagonia's prehistory support one of three hypotheses: guanacos were introduced to Tierra del Fuego by early Holocene, guanaco‐dependent, indigenous peoples from the mainland who repopulated Tierra del Fuego utilising the newly invented, skilfully crafted, seaworthy bark canoe (Appendix S1–Resumen en Español).
Voxel‐based diktiometry: Combining convolutional neural networks with voxel‐based analysis and its application in diffusion tensor imaging for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Estudillo‐Romero Alfonso , Haegelen Claire , Jannin Pierre , Baxter John S. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracting population‐wise information from medical images, specifically in the neurological domain, is crucial to better understanding disease processes and progression. This is frequently done in a whole‐brain voxel‐wise manner, in which a population of patients and healthy controls are registered to a common co‐ordinate space and a statistical test is performed on the distribution of image intensities for each location. Although this method has yielded a number of scientific insights, it is further from clinical applicability as the differences are often small and altogether do not permit for a high‐performing classifier. In this article, we take the opposite approach of using a high‐performing classifier, specifically a traditional convolutional neural network, and then extracting insights from it which can be applied in a population‐wise manner, a method we call voxel‐based diktiometry. We have applied this method to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis for Parkinson's disease (PD), using the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. By using the network sensitivity information, we can decompose what elements of the DTI contribute the most to the network's performance, drawing conclusions about diffusion biomarkers for PD that are based on metrics which are not readily expressed in the voxel‐wise approach.
Causal relationships between inflammatory factors and multiple myeloma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Qiangsheng , Shi Qiqin , Lu Jiawen , Wang Zhenqian , Hou Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChanges in serum inflammatory factors occur throughout the onset and multiple myeloma (MM) progression, the feedback loops make it harder to distinguish between causes and effects. In the present study, we performed a bidirectional summary‐level Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationships of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory regulators with MM. Summary‐level data of genetic variants associated with inflammation were extracted from two genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) on CRP and human cytokines, while data on MM was from large meta‐analyses of GWASs among 372 617 UK Biobank participants. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis and MR‐Egger, weighted median, and MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) were used as the sensitivity analyses. Our results suggested that higher levels of monocyte‐specific chemokine‐3 (IVW estimate odds ratio [ORIVW] per SD genetic cytokines change: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03‐1.49; P = .02), vascular endothelial growth factor (1.14, 1.03‐1.27; P = .02), interleukin‐10 (1.33, 1.01‐1.75; P = .04) and interleukin‐7 (1.24, 1.03‐1.48; P = .02) were associated with increased risk of MM, while lower levels of tumor necrosis factor‐β (0.84, 0.74‐0.92; P < .001) was strongly associated with an increased risk of MM. And conversely, genetically predicted MM was related to increased levels of interleukin‐17 (IVW estimate β: 0.051, 95% CI: 0.018‐0.085; P = 2.7 × 10−3). Besides, we observed no such significant associations for other inflammatory factors in our study. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence on the relationships of CRP and systemic inflammatory regulators with MM. Targeted interventions of specific inflammatory factors may have implications to alleviate MM cancer risk.