bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Rainfall, Temperature, and Reported Drinking Water Source: A Multi‐Country Analysis
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G. , Thomas Evan , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Grover Elise , Kotloff Karen , Carlton Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change may alter access to safe drinking water, with important implications for health. We assessed the relationship between temperature and rainfall and utilization of basic drinking water (BDW) in The Gambia, Mozambique, Pakistan, and Kenya. The outcomes of interest were (a) whether the reported drinking water source used in the past 2 weeks met the World Health Organization definition of BDW and (b) use of a BDW source that was always available. Temperature and precipitation data were compiled from weather stations and satellite data and summarized to account for long‐ and short‐term weather patterns and lags. We utilized random forests and logistic regression to identify key weather variables that predicted outcomes by site and the association between important weather variables and BDW use. Higher temperatures were associated with decreased BDW use at three of four sites and decreased use of BDW that is always available at all four sites. Increasing rainfall, both in the long‐ and short‐term, was associated with increased BDW use in three sites. We found evidence for interactions between household wealth and weather variables at two sites, suggesting lower wealth populations may be more sensitive to weather‐driven changes in water access. Changes in temperature and precipitation can alter safe water use in low‐resource settings—investigating drivers for these relationships can inform efforts to build climate resilience.
Paleogeographic Reconstruction of the Paleozoic Lhasa Terrane Through Detrital Zircon Mixing Modeling
Authors: Xu Wang , Hughes Nigel C. , Liu Lishuang , Zhang Wen , Liu Pinghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA late Mesoproterozoic detrital zircon (DZ) age population, which was previously considered diagnostic of a link between the Lhasa terrane and northwest Australia, occurs in other Gondwanan components, thus obscuring the paleogeographic position of the Lhasa terrane in Gondwana. Here we compiled large‐n (n ≥ 300) DZ U‐Pb data from the Lhasa terrane and potential source regions in various proposed reconstructions, and attempted to synthesize the Lhasa DZ age spectra through DZ mixing modeling. Our modeling results support the Permo‐Carboniferous Lhasa terrane having received sediment from NW Australia (mainly the Perth basin) rather than India or Africa. This, in combination with stratigraphic and paleontological evidence from the northern margin of eastern Gondwana positions the Paleozoic Lhasa terrane adjacent to the boundary between Australia and India. This study suggests that the DZ mixing modeling method based on large‐n DZ data can be used effectively for constraining paleogeographic reconstruction of continents.
In Situ Observations of Lower Hybrid Drift Waves at the Inner Edge of the Ring Current by the Van Allen Probe‐A
Authors: Ouyang Zhihai , Li Haimeng , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Tang Rongxin , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the magnetosphere of the Earth, lower hybrid drift (LHD) waves effectively cause plasma diffusion and couple well to both electrons and ions. LHD waves have the characteristics of linear polarization and highly oblique propagation with frequencies near the lower hybrid resonance frequency, which is similar to the characteristics of high‐frequency magnetosonic (MS) waves. The existence of diamagnetic drift at the inner edge of the ring current provides free energy for the excitation of LHD waves, while the free energy to generate MS waves are provided by proton ring distribution. Here, we report on a typical case of LHD waves which was excited by LHD instability. Different from the global distribution of high‐frequency MS waves, statistical results indicate that most LHD waves have a uniform distribution over all MLTs except the noon sector inside the plasmapause. Besides, the occurrence of LHD waves reaches a maximum in the dusk sector outside the plasmapause.
How Clay Mineral Assemblages Affect Instability on the Upper Slope of the Hikurangi Subduction Zone, New Zealand
Authors: Underwood Michael B. , Dugan Brandon , Cardona Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe International Ocean Discovery Program cored Sites U1517 (Tuaheni landslide) and U1519 (Tuaheni Basin) on the Hikurangi slope, North Island, New Zealand. We employed X‐ray diffraction to document clay mineral assemblages within the muddy sediments, with the aim of testing their potential influences on slope stability. Detrital smectite dominates the clays, with average proportions of 52 wt% at Site U1517 and 53 wt% at Site U1519. Bulk sediment from Site U1517 contains up to ∼29 wt% smectite (average = 21 wt%), high enough to reduce the angle of internal friction (on average) to ∼6°. Stratigraphic sections at both sites are homogeneous; compositional excursions are not evident along inferred slip surfaces or weak layers. Smectite decreases in the “downstream” direction of the East Cape Current, and that spatial trend correlates with lower densities of slide scars. The uniformity of compositional preconditioning, however, points to other factors as determinants of slip nucleation.
Near‐Magnetic‐Field‐Aligned Energetic Electrons Above Saturn's Dark Polar Regions
Authors: Masters A. , Sergis N. , Sulaiman A. H. , Palmaerts B. , Hunt G. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSaturn's main auroral emissions define two oval‐shaped regions, one encircling each magnetic pole. The regions at higher latitudes are generally “dark” (i.e., devoid of auroras), and are magnetically connected to the distant planetary magnetosphere where there is a much‐debated interaction with the solar wind. Electric currents flow into the atmosphere along the magnetic field within these polar regions. Establishing whether polar magnetic flux is “open” or “closed” is key for diagnosing how the solar wind interaction works. Because energetic electrons moving almost parallel or anti‐parallel to the magnetic field shed light on the field topology, we survey Cassini energetic particle data for rare instances when the spacecraft was able to measure these parts of the distribution in the polar field environment close to the planet. Over the entire mission we find 16 intervals when measurements at ∼0 and ∼180 pitch angles were made simultaneously without sunlight contamination. Across all the events, above‐background field‐aligned fluxes were measured intermittently by the >15 keV electron channels, extending up to ∼300 keV when present. Uni‐directional anti‐planetward fluxes were observed during 10 of the events, and bi‐directional fluxes were observed during 6 of the events. We suggest the uni‐directional anti‐planetward fluxes indicate the presence of field‐aligned beams, and that the bi‐directional fluxes indicate regions of locally closed magnetic field. These results either mean the solar wind interaction is predominantly via global magnetic reconnection but is more complex than initially proposed, or that the interaction is instead predominantly “viscous‐like” at Saturn.
Impacts of the Desiccation of the Aral Sea on the Central Asian Dust Life‐Cycle
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Heinold Bernd , Schepanski Kerstin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe formation of the Aralkum (Aral Desert), following the severe desiccation of the former Aral Sea since the 1960s, has created what may be regarded as one of the world's most significant anthropogenic dust sources. In this paper, focusing on dust emission and transport patterns from the Aralkum, the dust life‐cycle has been simulated over Central Asia using the aerosol transport model COSMO‐MUSCAT (COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdelling‐MUltiScale Chemistry Aerosol Transport Model), making use of the Global Surface Water data set to take into account the sensitivity to changes in surface water coverage over the region between the 1980s (the “past”) and the 2010s (the “present”). Over a case study 1‐year period, the simulated dust emissions from the Aralkum region increased from 14.3 to 27.1 Tg year−1 between the past and present, an increase driven solely by the changes in the surface water environment. Of these simulated modern emissions, 14.5 Tg are driven by westerly winds, indicating that regions downwind to the east may be worst affected by Aralkum dust. However a high degree of interannual variability in the prevailing surface wind patterns ensures that these transport patterns of Aralkum dust do not occur every year. Frequent cloud cover poses substantial challenges for observations of Central Asian dust: in the Aralkum, over two‐thirds of the yearly emissions are emitted under overcast skies, dust which may be impossible to observe using traditional satellite or ground‐based passive remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, it is apparent that the pattern of dust transport from the Aralkum under clear‐sky conditions is not representative of the pattern under all‐sky conditions.
Long‐Term Trends of Northern Hemispheric Winter Cyclones in the Extended ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Karwat Alexia , Franzke Christian L. E. , Blender Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how historical extratropical cyclone tracks respond to global warming is crucial for predicting future storm activity. Thus, long reanalysis data sets are needed to investigate long‐term changes in storm features and their impacts. By using a systematic change‐point analysis, we provide evidence that the presatellite ERA5 data of the Backward Extension (covering 1950–1978) is highly compatible with the standard ERA5 (1979–2021) data set. The joint ERA5 data from 1950 to 2021 is consistent in all storm‐related quantities, consequently allowing long‐term studies. Our trend analysis suggests that the intensity of extratropical cyclones has increased significantly during 1950–2021. The number of North Pacific storms has increased, and while they have longer life cycles and travel larger distances, they grow more slowly. For 1979–2021, we find notable increases in wind gusts for North Atlantic storms and in precipitation extremes for North Pacific storms. Our results also indicate an increase in Northern Hemispheric storminess based on an index of an extreme percentile of the central geopotential. Finally, we show potential impact locations using the findings of our trend analysis.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the stemness and progression of renal cell carcinoma via exosomal miR-181d-5p
Authors: Ding Meng , Zhao Xiaozhi , Chen Xiaoqing , Diao Wenli , Kan Yansheng , Cao Wenmin , Chen Wei , Jiang Bo , Qin Haixiang , Gao Jie , Zhuang Junlong , Zhang Qing , Guo Hongqian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on cancer stemness and tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we found that the enrichment of CAFs was positively associated with tumor progression and cancer stemness in RCC. Further investigation revealed that CAFs could enhance cancer stemness through delivering exosomes to RCC cells, and miR-181d-5p was identified as the critical exosomal miRNA in CAF-secreted exosomes by small RNA sequencing and subsequent screening assays. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-181d-5p transferred from CAFs to RCC cells directly suppressed the expression of ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus promoted cancer stemness and tumor progression. Overexpression of RNF43 strongly suppressed stemness properties and the effects could be reverted by miR-181d-5p. Overall, our findings revealed a crucial mechanism by which CAF-secreted exosomal miRNAs to enhance cancer stemness and thus promote RCC progression, suggesting a new avenue based on CAF-secreted miRNAs for more effective targeted therapies.
Scope of professional roles for genetic counsellors and clinical geneticists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Middleton Anna , Taverner Nicola , Houghton Catherine , Smithson Sarah , Balasubramanian Meena , Elmslie Frances 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis document is written on behalf of the two professional bodies in the United Kingdom that represent genetic counsellors (the Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors) and clinical geneticists (the Clinical Genetics Society) and aims to support multidisciplinary working of these professional groups highlighting within a quick-reference format, areas of shared practice and the distinctions between role profiles for a Consultant Clinical Geneticist, Principal/Consultant Genetic Counsellor and the new support role that we have termed ‘Genomic Associate’, see AGNC career structure [1]. This builds on published documents that articulate the scope of practice of the clinical genetics workforce [2] and specifically the genetic counsellor [3] and clinical geneticist [4] roles.
Morphometric imaging biomarker identifies Alzheimer’s disease even among mixed dementia patients
Authors: Chirila Florin V. , Xu Guang , Fontaine Dan , Kern Grant , Khan Tapan K. , Brandt Jason , Konishi Yoshihiro , Nebe-von-Caron Gerhard , White Charles L. , Alkon Daniel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even in the presence of co-morbid neuropathology (occurring in > 50% of AD cases), is a significant unmet medical need that has obstructed the discovery of effective AD therapeutics. An AD-biomarker, the Morphometric Imaging (MI) assay on cultured skin fibroblasts, was used in a double-blind, allcomers (ages 55–90) trial of 3 patient cohorts: AD dementia patients, N = 25, all autopsy confirmed, non-AD dementia patients, N = 21—all autopsy or genetically confirmed; and non-demented control (AHC) patients N = 27. Fibroblasts cells isolated from 3-mm skin punch biopsies were cultured on a 3-D Matrigel matrix with movement dynamics quantified by image analysis. From counts of all aggregates (N) in a pre-defined field image and measures of the average area (A) of aggregates per image, the number-to-area ratios in a natural logarithmic form Ln(A/N) were determined for all patient samples. AD cell lines formed fewer large aggregates (cells clustered together) than non-AD or AHC cell lines. The cut-off value of Ln(A/N) = 6.98 was determined from the biomarker values of non-demented apparently healthy control (AHC) cases. Unequivocal validation by autopsy, genetics, and/or dementia criteria was possible for all 73 patient samples. The samples were collected from multiple centers—four US centers and one center in Japan. The study found no effect of center-to-center variation in fibroblast isolation, cell growth, or cell aggregation values (Ln(A/N)). The autopsy-confirmed MI Biomarker distinguished AD from non-AD dementia (non-ADD) patients and correctly diagnosed AD even in the presence of other co-morbid pathologies at autopsy (True Positive = 25, False Negative = 0, False Positive = 0, True Negative = 21, and Accuracy = 100%. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 100% (95% CI = 84 to 100.00%). From these findings, the MI assay appears to detect AD with great accuracy—even with abundant co-morbidity.
Measuring changes in blood volume fraction during induced gingivitis of healthy and unhealthy populations using hyperspectral spatial frequency domain imaging: a clinical study
Authors: Urban Ben E. , Subhash Hrebesh M. , Kilpatrick-Liverman LaTonya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis investigation aimed to quantitatively measure the changes in inflammation of subjects with healthy and unhealthy gums during a period of induced gingivitis. A total of 30 subjects (15 healthy, 15 with gum inflammation) were enlisted and given oral exams by a dental hygienist. Baseline measurements were acquired before a 3-week period of oral hygiene abstinence. The lobene modified gingival index scoring was used for inflammation scoring and hyperspectral spatial frequency domain imaging was used to quantitatively measure oxy- and deoxygenated blood volume fraction at two time points: at Baseline and after 3 weeks of oral hygiene abstinence. We found that abstaining from oral hygiene causes a near proportional increase in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood volume fraction for healthy individuals. For individuals who started the study with mild to moderate gingivitis, increases in blood volume were mainly due to deoxygenated blood.
Association between waist circumference change and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese adults: a 10-year cohort study
Authors: Ma Yun-Lei , Zhao Han-Jun , Su Ying-Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate waist circumference (WC) change and the risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Chinese adults. A total of 8164 participants aged > 18 years who attended health examinations with repeat measurements of WC and lung function [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] from 2010 to 2019 were recruited. WC change was categorized as ≤  − 2.5%, − 2.5 to 2.5%, 2.5% to 5% and > 5% according to sex. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of WC gain and the risk of COPD. During the 10-year follow-up, a total of 917 COPD cases were identified. From baseline to follow-up, the mean FEV1 decreased from 3.20 to 2.79L among male participants and 2.28–1.95L among female participants. Compared with participants who did not have abdominal obesity, at either, baseline or follow-up, participants with abdominal obesity of both sexes after the follow-up were associated with a greater risk of COPD regardless of abdominal obesity at baseline. The risk of incident COPD increased 19% among male participants (RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.04–1.48) and 14% among female participants (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.01–1.40) when WC gain increased > 5% during the 10-year follow-up. The COPD risk decreased 18% among male participants with a WC change ≤  − 2.5% (RR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.67–0.99). The risk of incident COPD was positively associated with increasing WC among Chinese adults of both sexes.
Analytical investigation of an incompressible viscous laminar Casson fluid flow past a stretching/shrinking sheet
Authors: Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shettar , Maranna Thippaiah , Sofos Filippos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical approach on capturing the effect of incompressible, non-Newtonian, viscous, Casson nanofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking surface, under the influence of heat radiation and mass transfer parameter. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are first transformed into a series of associated nonlinear ordinary differential equations with aid of predictable transformation, while numerical computations follow. The implied nanofluid here is aluminum oxide ($$Al_{2} O_{3}$$

A

l
2

O
3

). The analytical solution is exploited to reveal the accompanying non-dimensional boundary value problem and output results are employed to verify the method's reliability, where it is shown that they agree with current findings in the field. An incomplete gamma function is used to solve temperature equation analytically. We present various instances of the solution, depicting effects of the essential flow factor, the stretching/shrinking parameter, the mass transfer parameter, radiation parameter, and Prandtl number.
Wheat trade tends to happen between countries with contrasting extreme weather stress and synchronous yield variation
Authors: Vishwakarma Srishti , Zhang Xin , Lyubchich Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtreme weather poses a major challenge to global food security by causing sharp drops in crop yield and supply. International crop trade can potentially alleviate such challenge by reallocating crop commodities. However, the influence of extreme weather stress and synchronous crop yield anomalies on trade linkages among countries remains unexplored. Here we use the international wheat trade network, develop two network-based covariates (i.e., difference in extreme weather stress and short-term synchrony of yield fluctuations between countries), and test specialized statistical and machine-learning methods. We find that countries with larger differences in extreme weather stress and synchronous yield variations tend to be trade partners and with higher trade volumes, even after controlling for factors conventionally implemented in international trade models (e.g., production level and trade agreement). These findings highlight the need to improve the current international trade network by considering the patterns of extreme weather stress and yield synchrony among countries.
Validation of E1L3N antibody for PD-L1 detection and prediction of pembrolizumab response in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Lianxi , Zeng Liang , Yan Huan , Xu Qinqin , Xia Qing , Lei Jian , Chen Xiaoyan , Hu Xiaoping , Wang Zhan , Liu Hong , Yang Nong , Zhang Yongchang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) 22C3 assay is one of the approved companion diagnostic assays for receiving anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. Our study evaluated the performance of E1L3N and 22C3 antibodies in estimating PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Our retrospective study included 46 patients diagnosed with unresectable EGFR/ALK/ROS1-negative NSCLC who received first-line pembrolizumab therapy between 2018 and 2021. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry of baseline tissue biopsy samples was performed using PDL1-E1L3N and PDL1-22C3 antibodies. The concordance between the PD-L1 assays and the treatment outcomes was assessed.

Results
Using a tumor proportion score (TPS) cutoff of ≥1%, 67.4% of patients are evaluated to be positive using PDL1-E1L3N and 73.9% using PDL1-22C3. Using a TPS of ≥50% as the cutoff, 26.1% of patients are positive using PDL1-E1L3N and 30.4% using PDL1-22C3. The PDL1-22C3 and PDL1-E1L3N assays are highly concordant and reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.925 (p < 0.0001). Patients with PDL1-E1L3N TPS > 50% have a significantly higher objective response rate than patients with PDL1-E1L3N TPS < 1% (p = 0.047), with a similar trend observed for PDL1-22C3 (p = 0.051). Consistent with PDL1-22C3, patients with higher PDL1-E1L3N expression (≥50%, 1–49%) have longer progression-free survival than those with PDL1-E1L3N TPS < 1%.

Conclusion
Our study provides clinical evidence on the concordance of PD-L1 TPS scores between clones E1L3N and 22C3. Moreover, the treatment responses to pembrolizumab are also comparable between the PDL1-E1L3N and PDL1-22C3. These findings indicate that E1L3N is a reliable and cost-effective assay and may serve as an alternative to 22C3.