bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers and National Early Warning Score 2 in acute dyspnoea
Authors: Berge Kristian , Brynildsen Jon , Røysland Ragnhild , Strand Heidi , Christensen Geir , Høiseth Arne Didrik , Omland Torbjorn , Røsjø Helge , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePatients hospitalised with acute dyspnoea due to acute heart failure (AHF) have a grave prognosis, but the European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend no system to risk stratify these patients. The prognostic value of combining National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2 and established cardiac biomarkers is not known.MethodsWe measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and calculated NEWS2 in 314 patients with acute dyspnoea within 24 hours of hospitalisation. Their prognostic merits were assessed in the total cohort and for the subgroup with AHF separately.ResultsThe median age was 73 (quartile (Q) 1–3, 63–81) years, 48% were women and 143 patients (46%) were hospitalised with AHF. The 114 patients (36%) who died during follow-up (median 823 days, Q1–3, 471–998) had higher concentrations of hs-cTnT (62 vs 33 ng/L, p<0.001) and NT-proBNP (6995 vs 2605 ng/L, p<0.001), and higher NEWS2 (6.1 vs 4.5 points, p<0.001), compared with survivors. Patients with increased vs low NEWS2 clinical risk had higher mortality rates in adjusted analyses in the total cohort (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.48) and in patients with AHF (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.60). NEWS2 provided incremental prognostic information compared with biomarkers alone for the total cohort: area under the curve 0.72 vs 0.70, p=0.042, and for the subpopulation with AHF: 0.70 vs 0.67, p=0.014.ConclusionNEWS2 predicts long-term mortality in patients hospitalised due to acute dyspnoea and the subgroup with AHF and provide incremental prognostic information to hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP.
Treatment Options for Bifid Ulna Deformity Following Galeazzi-equivalent Injury in Adolescents
Authors: MELLA Joni , SOMMARHEM Antti , PÄÄKKÖNEN Markus 
Published: April 2022

A Galeazzi-equivalent lesion occurs in children and adolescents following a traumatic distal radius fracture when the strong radioulnar ligaments and relative weakness of the ulnar physis result in an avulsion-type Salter-Harris III fracture of the distal ulna. In unreduced fractures, the osteogenic nature of the torn periosteal sleeve may result in the formation of a bifid distal ulna. We describe two cases of bifid distal ulna that developed after missed Galeazzi-equivalent lesions. The first case was treated with resection of the volar limb and reduction of the ulnar fracture, whereas the second case was treated with simple resection of the dorsal limb. Negative ulnar variance developed in both cases. Level of Evidence: Level V (Case report)
Complete Occlusion of Radial and Ulnar Arteries Following Hand Crush Injury with Multiple Carpometacarpal Joint Fracture-Dislocations
Authors: LEE Jun-Ku , HWANG Daehyun , HAN Soo-Hong , LEE Younghun 
Published: April 2022

Multiple dorsal fracture-dislocations of the carpometacarpal joints (CMCJ) occur from very high-energy trauma and are often associated with soft tissue injury or ischaemia. We report a 54-year-old male manual worker and a smoker who presented to the emergency room with history of compression of his right hand in a press machine. Radiographs showed dorsal fracture-dislocations of the scapho-trapezio-trapezoidal and third to fifth CMCJ’s. Despite emergent Guyon canal and carpal tunnel release and closed reduction and pinning, skin pallor persisted in all digits. Brachial angiography revealed total occlusion of the radial and ulnar arteries and loss of the palmar arch at the level of the fracture. Heparin and Alprostadil were injected directly. On follow-up angiography three weeks later, the vessels were still occluded and collaterals provided digital circulation. Although digital sensations recovered, cold intolerance and stiffness resulted in a poor functional outcome. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Neurolymphomatosis of the Ulnar Nerve Presenting as Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: LEE Yeong Chang , JUHNG Seon Kwan , KANG Hong Je 
Published: April 2022

Lymphoma is a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system. Neurolymphomatosis occurs when lymphoma cells invade the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Neurolymphomatosis has been reported involving the sciatic nerve, nerve roots and within the axilla and the upper arm. It can cause nerve dysfunction depending on the involved nerve. Neurolymphomatosis involving the ulnar nerve is rare. We report a patient with neurolymphomatosis of the ulnar nerve around the elbow that presented with features of cubital tunnel syndrome. A high index of suspicion is necessary in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome that present with uncommon symptoms such as sudden onset, rapid progression and/or severe pain. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Ulnar Nerve Injury Following Distal Radius Fracture Assessed by Ultrasonography: Management of an Ulnar Nerve Lesion
Authors: TSUJINO Shohei , SEKI Yasuhiro , MAEHARA Manabu , SHIRASAWA Shinichi 
Published: April 2022

A fracture of the distal radius with an associated injury to the ulnar nerve is rare. The management of the ulnar nerve lesion is unclear. We present a patient with a closed distal radius fracture related to an injury to the ulnar nerve associated with diminished sensation and a claw deformity. This was assessed by ultrasonography (US) that showed the nerve to be in continuity without any evidence of compression. The nerve was deviated towards the volar side at the distal end of the ulna and was enlarged at the same point. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed for the fracture. Emergent nerve exploration was not performed. The function of the ulnar nerve was completely restored at 16 weeks after injury. In cases presenting with ulnar nerve injury, we recommend US to evaluate the condition of the ulnar nerve. Nerve exploration should be performed when neurological deficits were found on US or symptoms did not recover over 4 months observation. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Hourly Air Pollutants and Acute Coronary Syndrome Onset in 1.29 Million Patients
Authors: Chen Renjie , Jiang Yixuan , Hu Jialu , Chen Honglei , Li Huichu , Meng Xia , Ji John S. , Gao Ya , Wang Weidong , Liu Cong , Fang Weiyi , Yan Hongbing , Chen Jiyan , Wang Weimin , Xiang Dingcheng , Su Xi , Yu Bo , Wang Yan , Xu Yawei , Wang Lefeng , Li Chunjie , Chen Yundai , Bell Michelle L. , Cohen Aaron J. , Ge Junbo , Huo Yong , Kan Haidong 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked with daily hospitalization and mortality from acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, the associations of subdaily (hourly) levels of criteria air pollutants with the onset of ACS and its subtypes have rarely been evaluated.

Methods:

We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 1 292 880 patients with ACS from 2239 hospitals in 318 Chinese cities between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2020. Hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
), coarse particulate matter (PM
2.5–10
), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
), sulfur dioxide (SO
2
), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O
3
) were collected. Hourly onset data of ACS and its subtypes, including ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina, were also obtained. Conditional logistic regressions combined with polynomial distributed lag models were applied.

Results:

Acute exposures to PM
2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, and CO were each associated with the onset of ACS and its subtypes. These associations were strongest in the concurrent hour of exposure and were attenuated thereafter, with the weakest effects observed after 15 to 29 hours. There were no apparent thresholds in the concentration–response curves. An interquartile range increase in concentrations of PM
2.5
(36.0 μg/m
3
), NO
2
(29.0 µg/m
3
), SO
2
(9.0 µg/m
3
), and CO (0.6 mg/m
3
) over the 0 to 24 hours before onset was significantly associated with 1.32%, 3.89%, 0.67%, and 1.55% higher risks of ACS onset, respectively. For a given pollutant, the associations were comparable in magnitude across different subtypes of ACS. NO
2
showed the strongest associations with all 3 subtypes, followed by PM
2.5
, CO, and SO
2
. Greater magnitude of associations was observed among patients older than 65 years and in the cold season. Null associations of exposure to either PM
2.5–10
or O
3
with ACS onset were observed.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that transient exposure to the air pollutants PM
2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, or CO, but not PM
2.5–10
or O
3
, may trigger the onset of ACS, even at concentrations below the World Health Organization air quality guidelines.
Flow‐Diversion for Complex Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Associated With a Fetal Posterior Circulation
Authors: Baranoski Jacob F. , Merrill Sarah , Rutledge Caleb , Catapano Joshua S. , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Cole Tyler S. , Majmundar Neil , Wilkinson D. Andrew , Srinivasan Visish M. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Ducruet Andrew F. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Flow‐diverting stents (FDSs) are effective in treating complex intracranial aneurysms, including posterior communicating artery aneurysms. However, some studies have suggested FDSs have limited efficacy for posterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with a fetal posterior communicating artery (FPCoA).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients with FPCoA aneurysms treated using FDS intervention alone was performed. Only aneurysms in which the FPCoA originated from the neck or dome of the aneurysm, which were therefore not amenable to standard coil embolization, were included.

Results
Stand‐alone, single‐device FDSs were placed in 16 patients with unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with an FPCoA. The device was sized to ensure excellent wall apposition, with a focus on expanding the device across the aneurysm neck to optimize flow diversion. Excellent angiographic results were achieved in 12 patients (75%), and all patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes, with complete obliteration of the aneurysm in 10 (62.5%). No patients required additional treatment. Nine patients had complete patency of the FPCoA, 4 had mildly decreased flow, 2 had markedly diminished flow, and 1 had FPCoA occlusion. In all 7 cases with decreased FPCoA flow, there was coincident increased flow in the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. No patient developed posterior circulation ischemia. Mean follow‐up was 19.9 months.

Conclusion
Contrary to previous reports, the placement of FDSs was found to be a safe and effective treatment option for FPCoA aneurysms. The deployment technique of maximizing device expansion across the neck of the aneurysm may contribute to successful outcomes. Treatment using an FDS may be particularly useful for complex FPCoAs.
Student Transportation in Choice-Rich Districts: Implementation Challenges and Responses
Authors: Sattin-Bajaj Carolyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite a growing recognition of the significance of student transportation for promoting equitable school choice, to date, there has been limited understanding of the implementation of school transportation policies, particularly in choice-heavy settings. Moreover, little is known about the challenges associated with managing student transportation in large school districts or how school and district administrators working in distinct contexts respond to these challenges. This brief draws on interview data collected from district administrators, charter school leaders, charter authorizers, and stakeholders in three choice-rich school districts with distinct transportation policies and public transit infrastructures—Detroit, New Orleans, and New York City—to identify the common challenges associated with implementing student transportation policies and administrators’ responses to them. The brief includes a discussion of the implications of high transportation costs, logistical complexity, and student safety challenges as well as non-uniform transportation provision and transportation policies for equitable access to charter schools. It ends with a review of some potential policy alternatives that policymakers should consider when designing transportation policies or working to improve existing transportation practices.
Are Saul’s Sons Scapegoats?
Authors: Chambers Nathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A number of scholars have praised the work of René Girard as opening a way forward for biblical interpretation. This essay seeks to test the utility of Girard’s theories by applying them to a close reading of 2 Samuel 21:1–14. It concludes that Girard’s work draws attention to certain neglected themes but is unable to account for the narrative of 2 Samuel 21 in its final form.
Now You’re in the Sunken Place: Constructed Monsters in Daniel 7 and Get Out
Authors: Jarrard Eric X. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay argues that both Daniel 7 and the film Get Out render the respective political status quo of their times in monstrous form, and use the horror narrative to dramatize their struggles against these monstrous political hegemonies. Comparing the two in this way reveals notable trans-temporal commonalities between groups forced to reckon with their socio-political disenfranchisement, with both works externalizing their respective social anxieties by fictionalizing their oppressor in monstrous form. These texts function comparably as creative expressions of political resistance in their respective eras by serving to empower oppressed groups. They do so by postulating an imagined escape from tyrannical structures of political abuse through the crystallization or manifestation of their fear of those structures in monstrous form. Part one of this essay identifies and analyzes the monstrous beings in Daniel 7 and Get Out, concentrating on the physical and spatial characteristics. Part two describes the historical and cultural specificity of these monsters and the productive value of their affect. The final part of this essay explores how a comparison of Daniel 7 and Get Out not only challenges the relative capaciousness of horror theory, but also helps us to better access the ambiguous rhetorical shaping of the biblical text. In sum, I will argue that both Daniel 7 and Get Out confront our existing notions of what horror is, how it functions, and the work it can do.
The Spirit of Labor
Authors: Soares Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough typically characterized as authors of social realism or social gospel fiction, respectively, Elizabeth Gaskell’s and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’s nineteenth-century industrial novels defy traditional generic designations through their deployment of supernatural and spiritualist discourse to otherwise decidedly earthly and material subjects. Creating a genre that I call spiritual realism, these writers infused realist narratives with the spiritual motifs and images that colored the social and religious ideology of the nineteenth century in order to represent both the material and immaterial realities of their everyday experience. This new spiritual realism allowed writers to depict the nebulous, transitory, and incomprehensible aspects of their everyday reality in an increasingly modern, industrial, and transnational world. In order to establish the centrality of spiritual realism to our understanding of nineteenth-century industrial fiction, this essay examines Elizabeth Gaskell’sNorth and South(1855) and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’sThe Silent Partner(1871), emphasizing each author’s deployment of spiritualism to interrogate the morality of industrialization and the treatment of workers.
“Personal Items”
Authors: He Yuemin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Whereas Buddhism’s profile is rising in the US, there are surprising ways that Buddhism recirculates in more secular guises in traditionally Buddhist cultures of East Asia. This essay explores an intriguing case. Chi Li’s razor-sharp, passionate poems are quirkily “personal,” but relate very well to a wide spectrum of Chinese readers who made the popular novelist’s surprise poetry debut a bestseller in China. By studying Chi’s extensive use of Buddhist references to tap into issues dear to her, this essay shows that the Chinese readers are receptive to Buddhist ideas more as philosophies, principles, and moral codes than as explicit religion, even though Buddhism has a 2,000-year history in China. It argues that understanding this coded receptiveness helps translate Chi’s personal musings, blasts, and defiance into dialogues that address social norms, environmental issues, and individual complicity in social problems.
East African Religious Pluralism
Authors: Gadsby Blair Alan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For many recent generations the city of Mombasa, Kenya, on the east African coast (pop. 1.2 million) has been a cosmopolitan racial-cultural-religious milieu of the African, Arab, Indian-Asian, and European. The purpose of this paper is to clarify religious pluralism (r/p) in this urban context to see if there are any instructions to be drawn for the academic understanding of religion in keeping with the methodologies of Religious Studies (RS). Especially of interest here is the effectiveness of the sociological theory of religion developed in the 1987 book A Theory of Religion (ATOR) by Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge to (de)problematize religious behaviour as distinct from political behaviour, which too often become confused and misappropriated as causes. In addition, ATOR provides the terminology for a more critical theory of religion whereby the state’s involvement can be accounted for by examining its use of the cultural means of coercion, thereby clearing the way for a typology of east African r/p to emerge.
The Illusion of Reality and the Reality of Illusion
Authors: Palmeirim Manuela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article reflects on the role of staged and rehearsed performance, trickery, and prestidigitation in ritual, acts that many anthropologists have observed and registered in their ethnographic accounts but most often took to be fraud, and consequently were discarded from their analyses and interpretations. The curative episode narrated here as a point of departure was intentionally arranged beforehand by the practitioners to make-believe. It is considered in the context of other deluding and simulative acts that are often engaged in healing ritualized behaviour to address several questions. Is deception an intrinsic property of ritual? Do these acts necessarily entail the judgment of true or false? How can they coexist peacefully in the healer’s mind with seriousness and conviction?
Historicising Refugee Protection in India
Authors: Sinha Manoj Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of civilisation the Indian culture promoted, preached and practiced diversity; a land which has accommodated and embraced racial, cultural, linguistic and religious diversity. The doctrine of VasudhaivaKutumbakam1 – the world is a family – is entrenched in Indian philosophy; it is one of the basic tenets of India’s spiritual and cultural heritage. The intrinsic value of this philosophy is that it has no discrimination, does not play favourites and has no class or hierarchy. India has a great tradition of hosting people who were in the fear of being persecuted by their government much before the adoption of international legal framework for the protection of refugees. This paper examines the history of India’s approach towards people seeking protection, by invoking doctrine of humanitarian consideration, despite the non-existence of a refugee policy at the time. Then, the paper proceeds to evaluate the massive inflow of the people into India upon partition of India and how effectively these new population were integrated and rehabilitated into our society, and how the practice has evolved to its current form. The study also carefully looks into the development of jurisprudence on refugees in India, by analyzing various judgments of the Supreme Court, Courts, and lower Courts.
Maimonides as Muslim Theologian: Al-Kawtharī’s Edition of al-Tabrīzī’s Commentary on Maimonides’ Guide for the Perplexed
Authors: Mazor Amir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article focuses on a Muslim commentary on a section from Maimonides’ Guide for the Perplexed, written by a 13th-century Persian scholar. Whereas the first part of the article briefly discusses the reception of Maimonides’ Guide in medieval Islam, the nature of the commentary, and the identity of its composer, the second and main part discusses a mid-20th-century Egyptian critical edition of the commentary. This part focuses on the Muslim editor’s preface to the commentary, in which he depicts Maimonides and his Guide in a positive light, against the negative portrayal of Jews and Judaism. The contemporary political context is suggested as a motive for this apologetic and polemical depiction.
Colonisation at the Poles: A Story of Ineffective Occupation
Authors: Johnstone Rachael Lorna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the legal concept of occupation of territory and its historic application to the Polar regions, to disclose the fallacies at the heart of the colonial projects at both Poles. It also considers how the increasing recognition of non-use value disrupts positivist accounts of occupation.
The colonisation of populated lands was justified by European theories of property that insisted that effective occupation required both a psychological and a physical element. The psychological element of occupation requires the sovereign to engage in a legal fiction that it controls the land and exercises dominion over it but this conceit is not shared by Arctic Indigenous Peoples. The physical element of occupation according to the positivist account requires an owner or sovereign to transform the land in some physical manner. The self-serving European legal theories construed the Indigenous relationship with land as a non-relationship and declared it retrospectively terra nullius. According to their own laws, the colonisers declared their own sovereign authority over Indigenous territories, notwithstanding the existing civilisations.
However, in the Polar regions, the colonisers themselves did very little in the way of physical occupation or transformation of the vast majority of the lands that they claimed. Colonisers demonstrated occupation through the naming of places, mapping, taking resources, building basic structures for shelter, and applying laws over their own people. But Indigenous Peoples had long been doing all those things in the Arctic. 20th century courts accepted that in territories remote from the colonising claimant with little or no population, the degree of physical occupation and exercise of jurisdiction could be very limited. However, they refused to consider the much longer and more extensive use and management by Indigenous Peoples.
In the Antarctic, the territorial claims of the seven claimant states do not pivot on any real physical occupation or transformation of the land at all. This would have been impossible on any scale of significance, given the size and challenging climate of the continent at the time of European discovery. Today, the principles that govern the Antarctic continent favour non-use and a minimisation of impacts. At both Poles, justifications for the exercise of jurisdiction are increasingly based on promises to protect wilderness by minimising human impacts. Sovereignty is demonstrated through non-occupation in a complete reversal of the classical legal theory.