bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of resonator outcoupling and losses on the photon statistics of the LASER
Authors: Eichhorn Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn extension to the quantum-mechanical laser master equation for the density operator is derived to incorporate the beam-splitter effect caused by typical dielectric laser output couplers. This effect gives rise to a significant change in the photon statistical distribution of the part of the laser light reflected back into the resonator and, therefore, may have an influence on the total laser output photon statistics. Different cases without and with additional intra-cavity losses were discussed and their influence on the expected laser photon statistics was deduced. As a result, it was found that the well-known Poisson distribution of laser light is in most cases the result of additional losses or absorption, which act uncorrelatedly on single photons. In a laser with negligible additional losses where outcoupling is dominated by the beam-splitter effect, the photon statistics reveal to be mainly non-Poisson. A Poisson distribution would only occur for very low outcoupling rates, i.e., high finesse cavities. It is found that in the limit of strong outcoupling even the distribution of thermal light can result.
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus following cardiac arrest: overlooked, untreated and misjudged
Authors: De Stefano Pia , Kaplan Peter W. , Quintard Hervé , Seeck Margitta , Sutter Raoul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
Seizures and status epilepticus (SE) are detected in almost a third of the comatose cardiac arrest survivors. As the literature is quite exhaustive regarding SE with motor symptoms in those patients, little is known about nonconvulsive SE (NCSE). Our aim was to compile the evidence from the literature of the frequency and outcome of NCSE in adult patients remaining in coma after resuscitation.

Methods
The medical search PubMed was screened for most relevant articles reporting the emergence and outcome of NCSE in comatose post-resuscitated adult patients.

Results
We identified 11 cohort studies (four prospective observational, seven retrospective) including 1092 patients with SE in 29–96% and NCSE reported in 1–20%. EEG evaluation started at a median of 9.5 h (range 7.5–14.8) after cardiac arrest, during sedation and targeted temperature management (TTM). Favorable outcome after NCSE occurred in 24.5%. We found no study reporting EEG to detect or exclude NCSE in patients remaining in coma prior to the initiation of TTM and without sedation withing the first hours after ROSC.

Discussion
Studies on NCSE after ROSC are scarce and unsystematic, reporting favorable outcome in every fourth patient experiencing NCSE after ROSC. This suggests that NCSE is often overlooked and outcome after NCSE is not always poor. The low data quality does not allow firm conclusions regarding the effects of NCSE on outcome calling for further investigation. In the meantime, clinicians should avoid equating NCSE after ROSC with poor prognosis.
Responses of bryosphere fauna to drought across a boreal forest chronosequence
Authors: Grau-Andrés Roger , Thieffry Sylvia , Tian Shanyi , Wardle David A. , Kardol Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProjected changes in precipitation regimes can greatly impact soil biota, which in turn alters key ecosystem functions. In moss-dominated ecosystems, the bryosphere (i.e., the ground moss layer including live and senesced moss) plays a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling, and it hosts high abundances of microfauna (i.e., nematodes and tardigrades) and mesofauna (i.e., mites and springtails). However, we know very little about how bryosphere fauna responds to precipitation, and whether this response changes across environmental gradients. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to study the effect of volume and frequency of precipitation on the abundance and community composition of functional groups of bryosphere fauna.Hylocomium splendensbryospheres were sampled from a long-term post-fire boreal forest chronosequence in northern Sweden which varies greatly in environmental conditions. We found that reduced precipitation promoted the abundance of total microfauna and of total mesofauna, but impaired predaceous/omnivorous nematodes, and springtails. Generally, bryosphere fauna responded more strongly to precipitation volume than to precipitation frequency. For some faunal functional groups, the effects of precipitation frequency were stronger at reduced precipitation volumes. Context-dependency effects were found for microfauna only: microfauna was more sensitive to precipitation in late-successional forests (i.e., those with lower productivity and soil nutrient availability) than in earlier-successional forests. Our results also suggest that drought-induced changes in trophic interactions and food resources in the bryosphere may increase faunal abundance. Consequently, drier bryospheres that may result from climate change could promote carbon and nutrient turnover from fauna activity, especially in older, less productive forests.
Effects of fixatives and storage duration on avian sperm morphology
Authors: Grønstøl Gaute , Danielsen Marie , Cramer Emily R. A. , Johannessen Lars Erik , Johnsen Arild , Whittington Emma , Lifjeld Jan T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSperm cells are variable both within and among species. To be able to accurately measure sperm cells and understand their function, it is important that sperm cells are preserved in a manner that maintains their structural integrity. Formalin is a widely used fixative and storage medium for sperm cells, but few studies have examined the effect of fixation and long-term storage on their morphological integrity. Ethanol is also a common fixation and storage agent for tissue samples, and here we examine if fixation and storage in formalin or ethanol alters sperm cell size and structural integrity. We found no significant effects of the fixation process on fresh sperm cells fixed in formalin or ethanol. Further, there were no consistent length changes in sperm cells stored in formalin or ethanol over a period of 227 days, or in sperm cells stored in formalin for three years. A comparison across 13–14 years of storage time showed a small but significant reduction in sperm cell length of 0.93%. Furthermore, sperm cells initially fixed in formalin remained quite stable in dry storage on glass slides for a minimum of six months (we found a mean reduction in sperm cell length of 0.18% after 6 months). The proportion of sperm cells with head damage was, however, much higher for samples stored in ethanol than for those stored in formalin. Overall, 70% of sperm cells had acrosome damage in ethanol versus only 3% in formalin. Finding intact sperm cells for measuring length, therefore, required greater effort in ethanol samples than in formalin samples. Our findings indicate that use of sperm cells from long-term storage for the study of sperm morphometrics is justified for either fixative, although formalin clearly preserves the sperm cells better.
Simultaneous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial profiles from the air of hospital environments with COVID-19-affected patients
Authors: Perrone Maria Rita , Romano Salvatore , De Maria Giuseppe , Tundo Paolo , Bruno Anna Rita , Tagliaferro Luigi , Maffia Michele , Fragola Mattia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 presence and the bacterial community profile in air samples collected at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Operational Unit of Infectious Diseases of Santa Caterina Novella Hospital in Galatina (Lecce, Italy) have been evaluated in this study. Air samplings were performed in different rooms of the ICU ward with and without COVID-19 patients. No sample was found positive to SARS-CoV-2, according to Allplex 2019-nCoV Assay. The airborne bacterial community profiles determined by the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach up to the species level were characterized by richness and biodiversity indices, Spearman correlation coefficients, and Principal Coordinate Analysis. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial species, also detected in outdoor air samples, were found in all collected indoor samples. Staphylococcus pettenkoferi, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, and others coagulase-negative staphylococci, detected at high relative abundances in all the patients’ rooms, were the most abundant pathogenic species. The highest mean relative abundance of S. pettenkoferi and C. tuberculostearicum suggested that they were likely the main pathogens of COVID-19 patients at the ICU ward of this study. The identification of nosocomial pathogens representing potential patients’ risks in ICU COVID-19 rooms and the still controversial airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 are the main contributions of this study.
Parametrized topological complexity of collision-free motion planning in the plane
Authors: Cohen Daniel C. , Farber Michael , Weinberger Shmuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParametrized motion planning algorithms have high degrees of universality and flexibility, as they are designed to work under a variety of external conditions, which are viewed as parameters and form part of the input of the underlying motion planning problem. In this paper, we analyze the parametrized motion planning problem for the motion of many distinct points in the plane, moving without collision and avoiding multiple distinct obstacles with a priori unknown positions. This complements our prior work Cohen et al. [3] (SIAM J. Appl. Algebra Geom. 5, 229–249), where parametrized motion planning algorithms were introduced, and the obstacle-avoiding collision-free motion planning problem in three-dimensional space was fully investigated. The planar case requires different algebraic and topological tools than its spatial analog.
The effect of dopaminergic neuron transplantation and melatonin co-administration on oxidative stress-induced cell death in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Asemi-Rad Azam , Moafi Maral , Aliaghaei Abbas , Abbaszadeh Hojjat-Allah , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Ebrahimi Mohammad-Javad , Heidari Mohammad Hasan , Sadeghi Yousef 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA gradual degeneration of the striatum and loss of nigral dopamine cells are characteristic of Parkinson's disease. Nowadays, combination therapy for neurodegenerative disease is considered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin and dopaminergic neurons derived from adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease was induced in rats using neurotoxin 6-Hydroxydopamine. The treatment was performed using melatonin and dopaminergic neurons transplantation. Subsequently, behavioral tests, western blot analysis for Caspase-3 expression, GSH (Glutathione) content and stereology analysis for the volume and cell number of substantia nigra and striatum were performed. Treatment with melatonin and dopaminergic neuron transplantation increased the number of neurons in substantia nigra and striatum while the number of glial cell and the volume of substantia nigra and striatum did not show significant change between groups. Western blot analysis for caspase 3 indicated the significant differences between groups. The results also indicated the increased level of glutathione (GSH) content in treatment groups. this study showed that combination therapy with melatonin and dopaminergic neurons could greatly protect the neurons, reduce oxidative stress and improve the symptoms of PD.
Identifying the occlusion of left subclavian artery with stent based on chest MRI images
Authors: Chan Yung-Kuan , Lin You-Cian , Wang Wei-Jyun , Hu Wan-Ting , Lin Chuen-Horng , Yu Shyr-Shen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeft subclavian artery occlusion is frequently treated by stent placement. The most commented on In-Stent Restenosis is excessive thrombus that squeezes the stent and leads to vessel occlusion. In this paper, an automatic system is provided to segment the left subclavian arteries and left aortic arches from chest MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images, and then to identify the occlusion of left subclavian artery based on the gray-levels of the extracted left subclavian artery and left aortic arch. Experimental results show that the system obtains the accuracy rate97.33%of detecting the occlusion of left subclavian artery. The other task in this paper is to explore the relationship between stent/vascular diameter ratio and restenosis of left subclavian artery after stenting. Besides that, the experimental results also show that Assurance is useful for reducing the restenosis of left subclavian artery with stent.
Immiscible Viscous Fingering: Modelling Unstable Water–Oil Displacement Experiments in Porous Media
Authors: Salmo I. C. , Sorbie K. S. , Skauge A. , Alzaabi M. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractViscous fingering in porous media occurs when the (miscible or immiscible) displacing fluid has a lower viscosity than the displaced fluid. For example, immiscible fingering is observed in experiments where water displaces a much more viscous oil. Modelling the observed fingering patterns in immiscible viscous fingering has proven to be very challenging, which has often been identified as being due to numerical issues. However, in a recent paper (Sorbie et al. in Transp. Porous Media 133:331–359, 2020) suggested that the modelling issues are more closely related to the physics and formulation of the problem. They proposed an approach based on the fractional flow curve, $${f}_{w}^{*}$$

f

w

∗

, as the principal input, and then derived relative permeabilities which give the maximum total mobility. Sorbie et al. were then able to produce complex, well-resolves immiscible finger patterns using elementary numerical methods. In this paper, this new approach to modelling immiscible viscous fingering is tested by performing direct numerical simulations of previously published experimental water/oil displacements in 2D sandstone porous media. Experiments were modelled at adverse viscosity ratios ($${\mu }_{o}/{\mu }_{w}$$

μ
o

/

μ
w

), with oil viscosities ranging from μo = 412 to 7000 cP, i.e. for a viscosity ratio range, ($${\mu }_{o}/{\mu }_{w}$$

μ
o

/

μ
w

) $$\sim$$
∼
400–7000. These experiments have extensive production data as well as in situ 2D immiscible fingering images, measured by X-ray scanning. In all cases, very good quantitative agreement between experiment and modelling results is found, providing a strong validation of the new modelling approach. The underlying parameters used in the modelling of these unstable immiscible floods, the $${f}_{w}^{*}$$

f

w

∗

functions, show very consistent and understandable variation with the viscosity ratio, ($${\mu }_{o}/{\mu }_{w}$$

μ
o

/

μ
w

).
Studies on antioxidant activities of grape pomace using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models
Authors: Untea Arabela Elena , Varzaru Iulia , Vlaicu Petru Alexandru , Turcu Raluca Paula , Panaite Tatiana Dumitra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrape pomace (GP) is a by-product resulting from the wine industry and can be considered raw material for animal nutrition, mainly due to its richness in polyphenolic substances. The present study, determined the antioxidant activity of GP by different in vitro assays including 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and the inhibitory effect on iron-induced lipid peroxidation system. The estimated IC50 value (the concentration required to scavenge 50% of the radicals) of GP methanolic extract was 53.49 mg/L for DPPH; 57.37 mg/L for hydroxyl radical; 29.06 mg/L for superoxide radical and 102.15 mg/L for hydrogen peroxide. The effect of grape pomace supplements in broiler diets on oxidative stability of meat was tested in an experiment on 80 broiler chicks, 1-day-old Cobb 500, divided into 2 groups (C and E) reared on permanent wood shaves litter (10–12 cm thick). Compared to the control diet C, during the grower (14–28 days) and finisher (29–42 days) stages, the experimental diet (E) was supplemented with 6% GP. At the end of the experiment, 6 chicks aged 42 days from each group were slaughtered and samples of thigh meat were collected for further analysis. When the iron-induced lipid peroxidation system was applied, no significant differences were noticed between ex vivo groups’ lipid peroxidation inhibition percentage (24.71% inhibition when GP was added to meat samples and 24.10% inhibition when GP was ingested by animals) and in vivo data (26.92% inhibition) obtained.
On $$\mu $$-strong Cesaro summability at infinity and its application to the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms
Authors: Sadigova S. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe concept of $$\mu $$
μ
-strong Cesaro summability at infinity for a locally integrable function is introduced in this work. The concept of $$\mu $$
μ
-statistical convergence at infinity is also considered and the relationship between these two concepts is established. The concept of $$\mu \left[ p\right] $$

μ

p

-strong convergence at infinity point, generated by the measure $$\mu \left( \cdot \right) $$

μ

·

is also considered. Similar results are obtained in this case too. This approach is applied to the study of the convergence of the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms.
Discovery of orthorhombic perovskite oxides with low thermal conductivity by first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Chu Kaili , Zhou Yu , Li Yiran , Li Wenxian , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrthorhombic perovskite oxides are studied by high-throughput first-principles calculations to explore new thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials with low thermal conductivities. The mechanical and thermal properties are predicted for 160 orthorhombic perovskite oxides. The average atomic volume is identified as a possible predictor of the thermal conductivity for the perovskite oxides, as it has a good correlation with the thermal conductivity. Five compounds, i.e., LaTmO3, LaErO3, LaHoO3, SrCeO3, and SrPrO3, having thermal conductivities under 1 W·m−1·K−1 and good damage tolerance, are proposed as novel TBC materials. The obtained data are expected to inspire the design of perovskite oxide-based TBC materials and also support their future functionality investigations.
Testing a model to assess women’s inclusion and participation in community-based resource management in Solomon Islands
Authors: Rabbitt Sheridan , Tibbetts Ian R. , Albert Simon , Lilley Ian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract Community-based fisheries management (CBFM) is a standard management framework in Melanesia. Yet, there is increasing evidence that women, among other marginalised groups, experience barriers to inclusion in decision-making processes. Through a case study in three communities in Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands, we adapted Agarwal’s 2001 participation typology for a Melanesian CBFM context to present a participation model for assessing gender inclusivity in CBFM. We defined six levels of women’s participation, including, (1) no participation, (2) nominal, (3) passive, (4) consultive, (5) active, and (6) interactive (empowering) participation, defined as actively participating in all aspects of the decision-making process, and holding leadership roles that increase women’s influence and power across the community. The model should be broadly useful throughout Melanesia across many different cultural contexts, though we anticipate that aspects will need adaptation in different contexts, both within and beyond Solomon Islands. We found that the three study communities respectively fell within the passive, consultive, and active levels. Our results show that gender parity, that is equal representation of women and men, is not a reliable indicator of gender equity. The utility of the model lies in its implementation, which requires engagement with gender power structures. This work contributes to the gender, small-scale fisheries, and community-based management literature by assessing women’s participation in CBFM decision-making processes through use of a participation model, and providing recommendations to fisheries practitioners on implementation of the model to assess gender equity in a community’s CBFM structures.
Exposure Therapy for Gambling Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bergeron Pierre-Yves , Giroux Isabelle , Chrétien Maxime , Bouchard Stéphane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cognitive behaviour therapy is the gold standard for the treatment of gambling disorder. Obstacles remain regarding its efficacy, namely relapses and difficulty in implementing cognitive restructuring for some clients. Given these observations, behavioural interventions for gambling disorder, such as exposure therapy, which aims to decrease gambling craving, may be effective as a complementary or alternative intervention to cognitive behaviour therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore how exposure therapy for gambling disorder has been studied and to evaluate its efficacy. To answer these questions, 3406 studies, retrieved using PsycNet, Medline and Google Scholar, were screened.

Recent Findings
After two screenings, 13 papers were selected for the systematic review and five were statistically combined for the meta-analysis. Quantitative results support exposure therapy’s efficacy to decrease gambling craving at post-intervention (g =  − 0.955) and at last follow-up (6 or 12 months; − 1.010). Results also show a large decrease in gambling severity as documented by screening instruments (− 1.087) as well as time spent gambling (− 2.136) at post-intervention. Furthermore, a large decrease in gambling measured via screening instruments (− 1.162) and erroneous beliefs (− 1.308) was found at last follow-up.

Summary
This is the first meta-analysis on behavioural exposure therapy for gambling disorder. Results support that exposure therapy reduces gambling cravings and severity, as well as time spent gambling and erroneous beliefs. These results are discussed in comparison to other therapeutic approaches and are interpreted according to the high risk of bias in included studies.
Conductivity and tribological properties of IL-PANI/WS2 composite material in lithium complex grease
Authors: Xia Yanqiu , Wang Yuanhui , Hu Chenglong , Feng Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide (IL-PANI/WS2) composite was synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (LB104) aqueous solution by in-situ polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A current-carrying friction and wear tester was used to study the tribological properties of steel—steel and copper—copper friction pairs lubricated by an IL-PANI/WS2 lithium complex grease (LCG). After the experiment, scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the wear scar on the steel and copper plates, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer was used to analyze the elemental composition of the wear scar surface. The results show that compared with greases containing IL-PANI and WS2, greases containing IL-PANI/WS2 exhibit better antiwear performance when lubricating steel—steel friction pairs and better tribological performance and electrical conductivity when lubricating copper—copper friction pairs. Therefore, it can be concluded that WS2 and IL-PANI have a synergistic effect.