bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association study analysis to resolve the key regulatory mechanism of biomineralization in Pinctada fucata martensii
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Hao Ruijuan , Yang Chuangye , Jiao Yu , Wang Qingheng , Huang Ronglian , Liao Yongshan , Jian Jianbo , Ming Yao , Yin Lixin , He Weiming , Wang Ziman , Li Chuyi , He Qi , Chen Kun , Deng Yuewen , Du Xiaodong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiomineralization‐controlled exo‐/endoskeleton growth contributes to body growth and body size diversity. Molluscan shells undergo ectopic biomineralization to form the exoskeleton and biocalcified “pearl” involved in invading defence. Notably, exo‐/endoskeletons have a common ancestral origin, but their regulation and body growth are largely unknown. This study employed the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata marntensii, a widely used experimental model for biomineralization in invertebrates, to perform whole‐genome resequencing of 878 individuals from wild and breeding populations. This study characterized the genetic architecture of biomineralization‐controlled growth and ectopic biomineralization. The insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) endocrine signal interacted with ancient single‐copy transcription factors to form the regulatory network. Moreover, the “cross‐phylum” regulation of key long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in bivalves and mammals indicated the conserved genetic and epigenetic regulation in exo‐/endoskeleton growth. Thyroid hormone signal and apoptosis regulation in pearl oysters affected ectopic biomineralization in pearl oyster. These findings provide insights into the mechanism underlying the evolution and regulation of biomineralization in exo‐/endoskeleton animals and ectopic biomineralization.
Intranasal administration of Acinetobacter lwoffii in a murine model of asthma induces IL‐6‐mediated protection associated with cecal microbiota changes
Authors: Alashkar Alhamwe Bilal , Gao Zhan , Alhamdan Fahd , Harb Hani , Pichene Matthieu , Garnier Abel , El Andari Jihad , Kaufmann Andreas , Graumann Peter L. , Kesper Dörthe , Daviaud Christian , Garn Holger , Tost Jörg , Potaczek Daniel P. , Blaser Martin J. , Renz Harald 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐life exposure to certain environmental bacteria including Acinetobacter lwoffii (AL) has been implicated in protection from chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma later in life. However, the underlying mechanisms at the immune‐microbe interface remain largely unknown.MethodsThe effects of repeated intranasal AL exposure on local and systemic innate immune responses were investigated in wild‐type and Il6−/−, Il10−/−, and Il17−/− mice exposed to ovalbumin‐induced allergic airway inflammation. Those investigations were expanded by microbiome analyses. To assess for AL‐associated changes in gene expression, the picture arising from animal data was supplemented by in vitro experiments of macrophage and T‐cell responses, yielding expression and epigenetic data.ResultsThe asthma preventive effect of AL was confirmed in the lung. Repeated intranasal AL administration triggered a proinflammatory immune response particularly characterized by elevated levels of IL‐6, and consequently, IL‐6 induced IL‐10 production in CD4+ T‐cells. Both IL‐6 and IL‐10, but not IL‐17, were required for asthma protection. AL had a profound impact on the gene regulatory landscape of CD4+ T‐cells which could be largely recapitulated by recombinant IL‐6. AL administration also induced marked changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome but not in the lung microbiome. By comparing the effects on the microbiota according to mouse genotype and AL‐treatment status, we have identified microbial taxa that were associated with either disease protection or activity.ConclusionThese experiments provide a novel mechanism of Acinetobacter lwoffii‐induced asthma protection operating through IL‐6‐mediated epigenetic activation of IL‐10 production and with associated effects on the intestinal microbiome.
Surveilling threat: The roles of ideology and threat perceptions in support for Islamophobic policy
Authors: Granger Aeleah M. , Kahn Kimberly B. , Steele Joel S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter the attacks on 9/11, Muslims in the United States were the targets of increased surveillance by law enforcement on the basis of their religious identity, often resulting in mistreatment and unjustified imprisonment. The current study examined ideologies that are associated with Islamophobia and support for police surveillance of Muslims, as well as specific types of intergroup threat perceptions that mediate these relationships. Participants (N = 603) completed a survey measuring Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right‐wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Nationalism, intergroup threat perceptions, Islamophobia, and support for an anti‐Muslim police surveillance policy. Results demonstrated that higher levels of SDO, RWA, and Nationalism were each independently associated with Islamophobia through increased realistic, symbolic, and terroristic threat perceptions. Further, higher levels of Islamophobia mediated the relationships between each type of perceived threat and support for a Muslim surveillance policy. This comprehensive model of anti‐Muslim bias highlights the relative, independent effects of ideology and threat perceptions on anti‐Muslim prejudice and discrimination. Findings hold implications for the use of threat‐based language and stereotyping in policy decisions, particularly among those high in SDO, RWA, and Nationalism.
Dying to Work: Oʻahu Hotel Workers’ Efforts at Well‐being in the Face of Autoimmune Capitalism1
Authors: Rath Richard Cullen , Das Gupta Monisha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe settler colonial state of Hawaii has fostered tourism as its primary economic activity, despite its being only one‐fifth to a quarter share of the economy. As a result, the push to reopen tourism in the face of COVID‐19 pandemic conditions, which ground the industry to a near halt in 2020, has been acute. Based on our long‐term involvement with UNITE HERE! Local 5 and our participation‐observation of union members’ activities since May 2020, we examine worker‐led safety protocols and practices to promote public health in the face of state and industry actors’ conscious exclusion of their expert knowledge in order to revive tourism. This exclusion put barriers in the way of hotel workers returning safely to their jobs and ultimately cost lives. We call this self‐destructive urge “autoimmune capitalism,” an autophagic assemblage that consumes the mostly immigrant and Indigenous workers integral to the operation of tourism in the state. As tourism returns, hotel workers continue to organize for life‐affirming practices even as their radical care to ensure community well‐being gets absorbed as an invisible and uncompensated component of the pandemic service economy.
The challenges and experiences of academics supporting psychological capital among students at the emergence of COVID‐19: A qualitative investigation of award‐winning educators at a British university
Authors: Morris Roseanne , Hoelterhoff Mark , Argyros Georgios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies show that student mental health has continued to deteriorate over the years. Developing strengths‐based approaches could aid educators in the development of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and positive protective factors in students to support their mental well‐being and aid in their success; however, little is known of the subject experience of educators who attempt this.AimsThis study aims to understand the experience of award‐winning educators; both in their attempts to cultivate positive protective factors in students and in challenges to the pursuit of that goal during the shifting academic landscape at the emergence of COVID‐19.SampleSix award‐winning educators from a British university.MethodsParticipants were interviewed over video calls in this research design using semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results & DiscussionThe results showed two major themes; pressures for academics and strength‐based approached to cultivating PsyCap. These themes reflected that educators saw an urgent need for students to develop resilience as they struggle to handle subjective failure and that students struggle with imposter syndrome. The educators identified the challenges as feeling taken for granted, having unmanageable workloads along high expectations placed on them.ConclusionCOVID‐19 has added significantly to the workloads of educators and demonstrated students' need for resilience. This research identifies the experiences of educators trying to improve strengths‐based practice while identifying the challenges of pursuing that goal in the changing pedagogy post–COVID‐19.
Building personalised homework from a learning analytics based formative assessment: Effect on fifth‐grade students' understanding of fractions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez José Antonio , González‐Calero José Antonio , del Olmo‐Muñoz Javier , Arnau David , Tirado‐Olivares Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study analyses the potential of a learning analytics (LA) based formative assessment to construct personalised teaching sequences in Mathematics for 5th‐grade primary school students. A total of 127 students from Spanish public schools participated in the study. The quasi‐experimental study was conducted over the course of six sessions, in which both control and experimental groups participated in a teaching sequence based on mathematical problems. In each session, both groups used audience response systems to record their responses to mathematical tasks about fractions. After each session, students from the control group were given generic homework on fractions—the same activities for all the participants—while students from the experimental group were given a personalised set of activities. The provision of personalised homework was based on the students' errors detected from the use of the LA‐based formative assessment. After the intervention, the results indicate a higher student level of understanding of the concept of fractions in the experimental group compared to the control group. Related to motivational dimensions, results indicated that instruction using audience response systems has a positive effect compared to regular mathematics classes.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Developing an understanding of fractions is one of the most challenging concepts in elementary mathematics and a solid predictor of future achievements in mathematics.
Learning analytics (LA) has the potential to provide quality, functional data for assessing and supporting learners' difficulties.
Audience response systems (ARS) are one of the most practical ways to collect data for LA in classroom environments.
There is a scarcity of field research implementations on LA mediated by ARS in real contexts of elementary school classrooms.
What this paper adds

Empirical evidence about how LA‐based formative assessments can enable personalised homework to support student understanding of fractions.
Personalised homework based on an LA‐based formative assessment improves the students' comprehension of fractions.
Using ARS for the teaching of fractions has a positive effect in terms of student motivation.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Teachers should be given LA/ARS tools that allow them to quickly provide students with personalised mathematical instruction.
Researchers should continue exploring these potentially beneficial educational implementations in other areas.
Behavioural clusters characteristic of cardiovascular reactivity profiles relate to poorer health outcomes
Authors: Keogh Tracey M. , Howard Siobhán , Gallagher Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesBlunted cardiovascular reactivity is associated with a distinct behavioural profile of greater exposure to early life adversity, coupled with higher levels of behavioural disengagement and symptoms of depression. The present study sought to extend on this work by investigating if behavioural clusters with distinct patterns of reactivity were related to health and behavioural outcomes at baseline and at a 4‐year follow‐up.MethodsHierarchical cluster analyses were conducted using longitudinal data drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS 2) Biomarker Project and the MIDUS 3 follow‐up 4 years later. During MIDUS, 2 participants (N = 513) underwent a standardized stress testing protocol and had their blood pressure and heart rate monitored throughout. In addition, hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted on responses from measures of early life adversity, behavioural disengagement and depression. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to determine whether cluster membership was related to health and behavioural outcomes which were taken at both time points.ResultsThree behavioural clusters emerged with statistically different blood pressure reactivity patterns. The cluster characterized by greater exposure to early life adversity, higher levels of behavioural disengagement and depressive symptoms, had relatively lower blood pressure reactivity patterns compared with both the exaggerated reactivity cluster and the cluster similar to the sample mean. In fully adjusted models, this cluster was associated with hypertension (p = .050) and depressed affect (p = .033), while Cluster 1 characteristic of an exaggerated blood pressure reactivity profile was associated with depressed affect (p < .001). Cluster membership did not significantly predict future health status.ConclusionThis study extends research on behavioural clusters characteristic of reactivity profiles to demonstrate how they relate to health and behavioural outcomes during MIDUS 2.
Talking to talkers: Infants' talk status, but not their gender, is related to language input
Authors: Dailey Shannon , Bergelson Elika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior research points to gender differences in some early language skills, but is inconclusive about the mechanisms at play, providing evidence that both infants' early input and productions may differ by gender. This study examined the linguistic input and early productions of 44 American English‐learning infants (93% White) in a longitudinal sample of home recordings collected at 6–17 months (in 2014–2016). Girls produced more unique words than boys (Cohen's d = .67) and this effect grew with age, but there were no significant gender differences in language input (d = .22–.24). Instead, caregivers talked more to infants who had begun to talk (d = .93–.97), regardless of gender. Therefore, prior results highlighting gender‐based input differences may have been due, at least partly, to this talking‐to‐talkers effect.
Does the fixture thread depth affect the accuracy of implant placement during fully guided immediate implant placement?: A human cadaver study
Authors: Song Young Woo , Park Jin‐Young , Jung Ji‐Young , Kim Joo‐Nyeon , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fixture thread depth reportedly influences the primary stability of dental implant, but its effect on the positional accuracy in immediate implant placement has not been reported previously.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six single‐rooted, anterior and premolar teeth were extracted from six human cadavers, followed by installing either regular‐threaded implants (RT group, N = 30) or deep‐threaded implants (DT group, N = 26) completely relying on the surgical guide. Optical impressions taken after osteotomy and fixture installation were superimposed with the preoperative virtual planning data to measure the vertical, angular, platform and apex deviations that occurred during osteotomy and installation.ResultsWhile the osteotomy deviations were similar between the two groups, the angular and apex deviation of the DT group (2.67 ± 2.56°; 1.04 ± 0.49 mm, respectively) were significantly larger than those of the RT group (1.61 ± 1.04°; 0.67 ± 0.41 mm, respectively) during installation (p < .05). When the installation deviations were analysed in the anterior and premolar areas separately, the angular, platform and apex deviations of the DT group (3.05 ± 3.26°; 0.75 ± 0.32 mm; 1.08 ± 0.56 mm, respectively) were significantly larger than those of the RT group (1.56 ± 0.73°, 0.59 ± 0.28 mm; 0.62 ± 0.38 mm, respectively) in the anterior site (p < .05), whereas there was no significant intergroup difference in the premolar site.ConclusionIn immediate‐implant surgery, using an implant with a deeper thread might increase the deviations during installation, especially in the anterior area.
Intraoperative cytological diagnosis of brain tumours: A preliminary study using a deep learning model
Authors: Ozer Erdener , Bilecen Ali Enver , Ozer Nur Basak , Yanikoglu Berrin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative pathological diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumours is essential to planning patient management in neuro‐oncology. Frozen section slides and cytological preparations provide architectural and cellular information that is analysed by pathologists to reach an intraoperative diagnosis. Progress in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning means that AI systems have significant potential for the provision of highly accurate real‐time diagnosis in cytopathology.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficiency of machine‐learning models in the intraoperative cytological diagnosis of CNS tumours.Materials and MethodsWe trained a deep neural network to classify biopsy material for intraoperative tissue diagnosis of four major brain lesions. Overall, 205 medical images were obtained from squash smear slides of histologically correlated cases, with 18 high‐grade and 11 low‐grade gliomas, 17 metastatic carcinomas, and 9 non‐neoplastic pathological brain tissue samples. The neural network model was trained and evaluated using 5‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsThe model achieved 95% and 97% diagnostic accuracy in the patch‐level classification and patient‐level classification tasks, respectively.ConclusionsWe conclude that deep learning‐based classification of cytological preparations may be a promising complementary method for the rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumours.
“I think that comes with experience”: A thematic analysis exploring how dental students at a transitional stage of training understand and engage with reflection
Authors: Penlington Chris , Lyttle Ross , Dillon Megan , Ali Adam , Waterhouse Paula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionReflection is an important skill for dentists but there is little consensus about how reflection can most usefully be integrated into dental education. The aim of this study was to conduct focus groups to explore how students at a transitional point of dental education in one UK dental school had experienced, and conceptualised reflection.MethodsStudents at the beginning of their clinical studies were recruited by email and invited to attend a single focus group. Focus groups were co‐facilitated by a team of staff and student researchers and analysed using thematic analysis. Students acted as research partners in planning a topic guide, recruiting students, conducting focus groups and considering the implications of research findings for the curriculum, and contributed their perspectives to other aspects of the research.ResultsStudents primarily associated reflection with their clinical learning and valued the skill highly in this context. They were less familiar with the potential for reflection to support personal development and deeper learning. Themes were identified of learning, uncertainty, emotions and wellbeing, community and challenges and are discussed in detail.ConclusionReflection is highly valued within our dental education setting but many students may be missing out on using it to its' full potential. Changes to the undergraduate curriculum, including offering reflection from an early stage of education may be warranted.
Irrigation effects on elephant grass morphology, and its genotype‐dependent responses
Authors: Ribeiro Robson Elpídio Pereira , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , de Miranda Costa Suellen Brandão , Coelho Janerson José , de Souza Rayanne Thalita de Almeida , dos Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study hypothesised that different elephant grass genotypes respond differently in terms of their morphological development to irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate how water availability could affect the morphological development of different genotypes of elephant grass. The treatments consisted of four genotypes of elephant grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone], managed under irrigation or not, during a two‐year field trial. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design in a split‐plot, with four replicates per treatment (n = 4). Between the genotypes, two of them were classified as tall‐sized (IRI 381 and Elephant B), and two as dwarfs (Taiwan A‐146 2.37 and Mott). A three‐way interaction between season, irrigation, and genotype affected the variables plant height, stem diameter, number of dead tillers, light interception (LI), and leaf area index (LAI) (p < .05). The morphological development of all genotypes was negatively impacted by the dry season. All genotypes grew taller during the rainy season (p < .05) and had a greater light interception (62%–80%) compared to the dry period (28%–59%). The genotype Mott, showed comparable LI and LAI to the tall‐sized genotypes, whilst Taiwan A‐146 2.37 was characterized by the lowest values, despite being the genotype with the greatest tiller density (60 tillers m−2) (p < .05). The use of irrigation mitigated the negative effects of the dry season on the plants, however, the type and size (tall vs. dwarf) of the elephant grass genotypes defined the extent of the responses to the use of the irrigation during the dry period.
Current role of tailored therapy in treating Helicobacter pylori infections. A systematic review, meta‐analysis and critical analysis
Authors: Rokkas Theodore , Ekmektzoglou Konstantine , Graham David Y. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsRecent guidelines dictate that all Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected subjects should receive curative therapy. The efficacy of empirical regimens for H. pylori eradication might decline with bacterial, drug, and host factors. The necessity of a tailored therapy still remains controversial. Here we provide a meta‐analysis of the current status of susceptibility‐based (tailored) therapy in which susceptibility‐based therapies were compared to the currently accepted choice of empiric therapy. In this rapidly closing era, neither the susceptibility nor empiric therapies were routinely optimized, such that we report the outcome of comparisons on the efficacy of unoptimized tailored vs. locally preferred empiric treatments.MethodsPubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched using suitable keywords. Individual and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed‐ or random‐effects model as appropriate. Heterogeneity was calculated employing the Cochrane Q test and I2 values, whereas the possibility of publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThirty‐four studies were included with a total of 9613 patients. Tailored therapy proved superior to empiric treatment [OR 2.07 (95% CI 1.53–2.79)]. However, tailored therapy achieved eradication rates >90% in only 15 (44%) studies and >95% in only 6 (17.6%).ConclusionsAlthough tailored therapy performed better than empiric treatment, the lack of optimization of therapies failed to reliably achieve high cure rates (>90%). These results emphasize that H. pylori infection, like other infectious diseases, should utilize the principles of antimicrobial stewardship in relation to treatment guidance.