bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
Authors: Camacho Olmedo María Teresa , García-Álvarez David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we describe the fundamental principles and the normal procedure followed when cross-tabulating two datasets. Cross-Tabulation analysis (Sect. 1) is usually the first step in the validation of Land Use Cover (LUC) data. It compares two datasets to observe their spatial relationship, i.e. their degree of spatial (dis)agreement. Results are usually displayed in the form of maps, tables and other statistical measures. Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation (Sect. 2) compares two raster datasets at multiple spatial resolutions. Basic Cross-Tabulation can compare raster and vector data, while Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation only works with raster data, which is what we use in the exercises provided as examples. In the exercises, raster data were obtained from vector data previously rasterized at different spatial resolutions. As a reference we use LUC maps, although ground points could also be used as reference data for these analyses. Examples of Cross-Tabulation analyses at one and multiple resolutions are presented for four different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate the soft maps produced by a model, to validate a simulation exercise and to validate and study land change in a series of LUC maps. In the example exercises, we used CORINE and SIOSE maps from the Asturias Central Area database, as well as maps from the modelling exercises carried out with this database. In the Chapters “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps” and “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”, we focus on specific analyses that can be carried out on the basis of Cross-Tabulation analyses, such as Land Use Cover Changes (LUCC) Budget or Quantity and Allocation disagreement. These help unleash the full potential of Cross-Tabulation analysis.
The Attractiveness of Fishways and Bypass Facilities
Authors: Peter Armin , Schoelzel Nils , Wilmsmeier Lisa , Albayrak Ismail , Bravo-Córdoba Francisco Javier , García-Vega Ana , Fuentes-Pérez Juan Francisco , Valbuena-Castro Jorge , Carazo-Cea Omar , Escudero-Ortega Carlos , Sanz-Ronda Francisco Javier , Calluaud Damien , Pineau Gérard , David Laurent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with the conventional upstream fish passage technologies developed for a safe fish migration at run-of-river hydropower plants (HPPs). It covers the factors influencing successful migration, current status, practices and challenges, novel developments, recommendations and outlook. Main focusses of this chapter are on the attractiveness of fishways and bypass facilities based on FIThydro study results. Although upstream fish passage technologies are well developed, there are still research gaps on their effectiveness related to their attractiveness and passabilities. FIThydro fills such research gaps by providing tools, methods, devices and best practice examples. This chapter covers the field studies at the case study HPP Guma with pool and weir fishway in Spain and Schiffmühle with vertical-slot and nature-like fishways in Switzerland and a combination of field, laboratory and numerical simulation studies of vertical-slot fishway in France. The results of these three studies contribute to better fishway design for a range of fish species and hydraulic conditions.
Fremdplatzierte Kinder und Jugendliche in luxemburgischen Institutionen: Befinden und Erleben von Betroffenen
Authors: Clees Lisa , Steffgen Georges 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Unterbringung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Institutionen stellt für die Betroffenen eine Herausforderung dar. Die häufig vorbelasteten junge Menschen verlassen ein vertrautes, familiäres jedoch nur bedingt funktionales Umfeld und stehen jetzt den Anforderungen einer Institution gegenüber. Der vorliegende Beitrag wird sich insbesondere mit den Voraussetzungen für eine gelingende psychische Entwicklung bei Fremdplatzierung auseinandersetzen. Vertiefend wird dabei auf die Vor- und Nachteile der Heimunterbringung eingegangen. In einer hierzu durchgeführten qualitativen Studie wurden retrospektiv die Belastung und das Befinden von 30 Jugendlichen erfragt, die während ihrer Kindheit oder Jugend in luxemburgischen Institutionen untergebracht wurden. Ziel ist es hierbei, die Faktoren zu generieren, die von den Jugendlichen während ihres Aufenthaltes in einer Institution als entwicklungsförderlich bzw. als belastend und entwicklungserschwerend erlebt wurden. Erste vorläufige Befunde werden hier vorgestellt.
Controlled Drugs, Use, Abuse and Youth: A Meaningful, Yet Evolving Relationship
Authors: Origer Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPsychoactive substances take a functional role in the management of emotional and social life of humankind. However, the bond between mind-altering substances and their users or potential users is of changing nature, since the diversity and the accessibility of these substances, as well as the perception of expected benefits and related risks are constantly evolving. Science and technology have contributed to develop new or more potent drugs. The legal status of drugs has become blurrier with the emergence of new synthetic psychoactive substances, highly accessible and most attractive, especially to younger users. New information and communication technologies have changed the way information is spreading among us as well as the means and channels to procure various controlled and non-controlled substances. The increasing popularity and varieties of hemp and psychoactive cannabis products, their developing medicinal use and their potential impact on the perception and acceptance of cannabis are equally at stake when it comes to understand changing patterns in cannabis use for instance. More opportunities stand for more choices to make, especially by young people. Knowing that regular drug use bear highest risks, notably in terms of cognitive and psychosocial developments in children and adolescents, it is sound to question its impact on public health and challenges in terms of prevention, demand and harm reduction. This paper reflects the attempt to describe and to analyse evolutions in drug supply, drug demand and drug use as well as other behaviors with addictive potential in youngsters over the last two decades in Luxembourg and to address national specificities, trends and challenges in terms of response and to place the national situation in a wider international context.
The Evolving Landscape of Sports Betting: A Risk for Young People?
Authors: Brevers Damien , Vögele Claus , Billieux Joël 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWatching sport and attending a sport event are generally considered popular, enjoyable, and valorized activities in our society. The last few years have seen a development in digital technologies (i.e. smartphones, tablets, computers), which now offers the possibility to gamble on almost every sport events, at every moment, e.g. before or during a game in play. Moreover, the level of exposure to sports betting advertisements is unprecedented. Promoted by this around-the-clock availability and ubiquity of cues, sports betting and gambling is becoming increasingly popular, in particular in adolescents and young adults, with a growing concern that this population could develop unprecedent levels of gambling-related problems. Our objective here is to elaborate on how the increased popularity of sports betting is currently reframing the way sport is experienced by young fans and student-athletes. After describing current levels of sports betting involvement and related problems among young people, we will review the available evidence documenting the growing normalization and popularity of gambling in sports and its impact on cognitive and affective processes in children and adolescents, including young athletes. The last section focuses on regulation strategies addressing current concerns on the consequences of sports betting in children and adolescents.
Cybermobbing und die gesundheitlichen Folgen für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Steffgen Georges , Böhmer Matthias 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Nutzen von modernen Kommunikationstechnologien weist für Kinder und Jugendliche durch das dabei auftretende Online- bzw. Cybermobbing potenzielle Gesundheitsgefahren und -risiken auf. In diesem Beitrag werden, aufbauend auf einer Begriffsklärung von Cybermobbing und unter Berücksichtigung der relevanten Prävalenzraten, die potenziellen gesundheitlichen Folgen analysiert und diskutiert. Hierzu wird vorab traditionelles Mobbing von Cybermobbing abgegrenzt sowie eine Phänomenologie des Cybermobbings vorgestellt, zu dem sowohl das „Happy Slapping“ als auch das „Cyber-Grooming“ gehört. Neben Angaben zur Prävalenz insbesondere in Luxemburg werden die wesentlichen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Cybermobbing herausgearbeitet. Abschließend werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Prävention des individuell schädigenden Einflusses von Cybermobbing aufgezeigt.
Die Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit – aus der Sicht der Träger der Luxemburger Jugendstrukturen
Authors: Kremer Caroll , Mailliet Jérôme , Grün Simone 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit in Luxemburg. Er beschreibt die Zielsetzungen und Strategien aus der Sicht der Träger der Luxemburger Jugendstrukturen sowie die verschiedenen Aktivitäten und Programme. Ausgehend von den Handlungskonzepten der Jugendhäuser skizziert der Beitrag gesundheitsbezogene Probleme und Sorgen junger Menschen und diskutiert abschließend Herausforderungen und Perspektiven im Hinblick auf die Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit.
Trauererleben, Trauerbewältigung und die professionelle Unterstützung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Chomé Jeanne , Hentges Martine , Hück Andreas , Nicolas Solveig , Paulsen Gudrun , Grün Henri 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungErfahrungen von Verlust (z. B. Tod einer nahestehenden Person, Verlust von wichtigen Bindungen, unheilbare Krankheit) sind allgemein menschliche, meist schmerzhafte Erfahrungen. Trauer ist ein Prozess, der als grundsätzlich gesunder Bewältigungsmechanismus solcher Verlusterfahrungen zu verstehen ist und der die verschiedenen Ebenen des Menschseins (körperlich, emotional, kognitiv und sozial) betreffen kann. Obwohl Trauer ein normaler Bewältigungsmechanismus ist, können gewisse Fälle eine längere und spezialisierte Betreuung brauchen, weil es zu Komplikationen kommt (Stichwort: traumatische oder komplizierte bzw. komplexe Trauer). Dabei weist die Trauer von Kindern und Jugendlichen spezifische Eigenheiten auf, die sie von der Erwachsenentrauer unterscheiden. Der psychologische Beratungsdienst von Omega 90 hat sich seit Jahren auf die Begleitung trauernder Menschen spezialisiert und in diesem Rahmen auch ein spezialisiertes Angebot für trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche entwickelt, das in dieser Form einzigartig nicht nur für Luxemburg ist. Entwicklung und Besonderheiten dieses Angebots und dessen Stellenwert in der Versorgungslandschaft werden vorgestellt, ebenso das Profil der Klienten. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für Bezugspersonen hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit Kinder- und Jugendlichentrauer werden beschrieben, die auf langjähriger Erfahrung basieren.
Gesundheitliche Probleme und Beeinträchtigungen des Wohlbefindens bei Jugendlichen – eine Analyse auf Basis der Arbeitsdokumentation des Service Psy-Jeunes Luxemburg
Authors: Weintzen Christiane , Woll Manuela , Zeyen Malou , Dias Dina 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie psychische Gesundheit von jungen Menschen hat in den vergangenen Jahren international und auch in Luxemburg verstärkt an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Politische Programme aber auch die Praxisfelder der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die therapeutische Arbeit des Psy-Jeunes in Luxemburg. Er beschreibt die Aufgaben und Zielsetzungen der verschiedenen therapeutischen Angebote und erläutert die jeweiligen Methoden. Ausgehend von Fallbeispielen zeigt der Beitrag, mit welchen psychischen Problemen und Belastungen Klientinnen und Klienten konfrontiert sind und wie diese sich vor dem Hintergrund ihrer biografischen Erfahrungen darstellen und bearbeitet werden.
Adolescent Health and Wellbeing in the UK
Authors: Kelly Yvonne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdolescence is a period of rapid physical, physiological and psychological development, with increasing autonomy. In many countries including the UK, these developmental changes are accompanied by various social transitions such as entering the job market, leaving the parental home, and partnership formation. Rates of poor health, illness and mortality are generally low during early- and mid-adolescence. Consequently, from a health perspective this period of the lifecourse is often seen as a golden opportunity for prevention interventions and programmes that support health and wellbeing. This chapter gives an overview of adolescent health and wellbeing in the UK by looking at the major public health challenges for this phase of the lifecourse—mental health, obesity and health behaviours. Secular changes and socioeconomic inequalities are considered, and relevant policy initiatives are summarised.
Mental Health and Well-Being in Adolescence: The Role of Child Attachment and Parental Reflective Functioning
Authors: Decarli Alessandro , Pierrehumbert Blaise , Schulz André , Vögele Claus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive developmental period, with important changes occurring at biological, cognitive, emotional and social levels. As evidenced by several studies, adolescence is also a vulnerable period for the onset of serious mental disorders, which then tend to persist into adulthood. While there is ample evidence concerning risk factors of mental disorders in adolescence, a lot less is known about protective factors: however, one important protective factor to have emerged from recent research concerns attachment security. The aim of the current paper is to explore the effects of attachment on emotion regulation (in terms of physiological reactivity), autonomy and relatedness, and behavioral problems in adolescence, and how attachment is in turn influenced by parental reflective functioning (PRF), parenting behaviors (operationalized in terms of behaviors promoting and undermining autonomy relatedness) and parenting stress (in terms of cortisol reactivity). The findings point to the potential utility of interventions aimed at enhancing attachment security, thus allowing a better psychological adjustment, and at improving PRF, especially in divorced families, given its protective effect on parenting stress and parenting behaviors.
Sharpness of Seeger-Sogge-Stein orders for the weak (1,1) boundedness of Fourier integral operators
Authors: Cardona Duván , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet X and Y be two smooth manifolds of the same dimension. It was proved by Seeger et al. in (Ann Math 134(2): 231–251, 1991) that the Fourier integral operators with real non-degenerate phase functions in the class $$I^{\mu }_1(X,Y;\Lambda ),$$

I
1
μ

(
X
,
Y
;
Λ
)

,

$$\mu \le -(n-1)/2,$$

μ
≤
-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

are bounded from $$H^1$$

H
1

to $$L^1.$$

L
1

.

The sharpness of the order $$-(n-1)/2,$$

-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

for any elliptic operator was also proved in (Seeger et al. Ann Math 134(2): 231–251, 1991) and extended to other types of canonical relations in (Ruzhansky Hokkaido Math J 28(2): 357–362, 1992). That the operators in the class $$I^{\mu }_1(X,Y;\Lambda ),$$

I
1
μ

(
X
,
Y
;
Λ
)

,

$$\mu \le -(n-1)/2,$$

μ
≤
-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

satisfy the weak (1,1) inequality was proved by Tao (J Aust Math Soc 76(1):1–21, 2004). In this note, we prove that the weak (1,1) inequality for the order $$ -(n-1)/2$$

-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2

is sharp for any elliptic Fourier integral operator, as well as its versions for canonical relations satisfying additional rank conditions.
Stability for Semilinear Parabolic Optimal Control Problems with Respect to Initial Data
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Tröltzsch Fredi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA distributed optimal control problem for a semilinear parabolic partial differential equation is investigated. The stability of locally optimal solutions with respect to perturbations of the initial data is studied. Based on different types of sufficient optimality conditions for a local solution of the unperturbed problem, Lipschitz or Hölder stability with respect to perturbations are proved. Moreover, a particular example with semilinear equation, constant initial data, and standard quadratic tracking type objective functional is constructed that has at least two different locally optimal solutions. By the perturbation analysis, the existence of a problem with non-constant initial data is shown that also has at least two different locally optimal solutions.
Sequential Systems of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with Application to Impulse Control
Authors: Perninge Magnus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider a system of finite horizon, sequentially interconnected, obliquely reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) with stochastic Lipschitz coefficients. We show existence of solutions to our system of RBSDEs by applying a Picard iteration approach. Uniqueness then follows by relating the limit to an auxiliary impulse control problem. Moreover, we show that the solution to our system of RBSDEs is connected to weak solutions of a stochastic differential game where one player implements an impulse control while the opponent plays a continuous control that enters the drift term. As all our arguments are probabilistic and hence hold in a non-markovian framework, we are able to consider the setting where the underlying uncertainty in the game stems from an impulsively and continuously controlled path-dependent stochastic differential equation driven by Brownian motion.
Hearing rehabilitation for unilateral deafness using a cochlear implant: the influence of the subjective duration of deafness on speech intelligibility
Authors: Rader Tobias , Waleka Oliver Julian , Strieth Sebastian , Eichhorn Klaus Wolfgang Georg , Bohnert Andrea , Koutsimpelas Dimitrios , Matthias Christoph , Ernst Benjamin Philipp 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
For patients with single sided deafness (SSD) or severe asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASHL), cochlear implantation remains the only solution to restore bilateral hearing capacity. Prognostically, the duration of hearing loss in terms of audiological outcome is not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the influence of subjective deafness duration on postoperative speech perception after cochlear implantation for SSD as well as its impact on quality of life.

Materials and methods
The present study included a total of 36 adults aged 50.2 ± 15.5 years who underwent CI for SSD/ASHL at our clinic between 2010 and 2015. Patients were audiometrically assessed at 3 and 12–36 months postoperatively. Test results were correlated with self-reported duration of deafness. Quality of life was assessed by questionnaire.

Results
Mean duration of deafness was 193.9 ± 185.7 months. The side-separated hearing threshold showed an averaged target range between 30 and 40 dB HL. Freiburg monosyllable test increased from 0% pre-operatively to 20% after 3 months (p = 0.001) and to 50% after 12–36 months (p = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between audiometric outcome and subjective deafness duration at 12–36 months postoperatively (r = − 0.564; p = 0.02) with a cutoff for open-set monosyllable recognition at a duration of deafness of greater than 408 months. Quality of life was significantly improved by CI.

Conclusions
CI implantation in unilaterally deafened patients provides objective and subjective benefits. Duration of deafness is unlikely to be an independent negative predictive factor and thus should not generally be considered as contraindication.
Presentation, treatment, and outcome of renovascular hypertension below 2 years of age
Authors: Kurt-Sukur Eda Didem , Brennan Eileen , Davis Meryl , Forman Colin , Hamilton George , Kessaris Nicos , Marks Stephen D. , McLaren Clare A. , Minhas Kishore , Patel Premal A. , Roebuck Derek J. , Stojanovic Jelena , Stuart Sam , Tullus Kjell 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRenovascular hypertension in most cases requires endovascular treatment and/or surgery. This is technically much more difficult in small children and there is very limited published knowledge in this age group. We here present treatment and outcome of young children with renovascular hypertension at our institution. Children below 2 years of age, with renovascular hypertension between January 1998 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics and treatment modalities were noted. Primary outcome was blood pressure within a week after the procedures and at last available visit. Sixty-six angiographies were performed in 34 patients. Median age at time of first angiography was 1.03 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.4–1.4) years and systolic blood pressure at presentation 130 (IQR 130–150) mm Hg. Thirty-eight percent (13/34) of children were incidentally diagnosed and 18% (6/34) presented with heart failure. Twenty-six (76%) children had main renal artery stenosis and 17 (50%) mid-aortic syndrome. Seventeen (50%) children showed intrarenal, six (18%) mesenteric, and three (9%) cerebrovascular involvement. Twenty patients underwent 45 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures and seven children surgeries. In 44% of the 16 patients who underwent only percutaneous transluminal angioplasty blood pressure was normalized, 38% had improvement on same or decreased treatment and 19% showed no improvement. Complications were seen in 7.5% (5/66) of angiographies. In four of the seven (57%) children who underwent surgery blood pressure was normalized, two had improved (29%) and one unchanged (14%) blood pressure.Conclusion: In small children with renovascular hypertension below the age of 2 years, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty caused significant improvement in blood pressure with low complication profile. Surgery can be recommended where percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and medical treatments failed.

What is Known:• Renovascular hypertension is diagnosed in all age groups from a few weeks of life until adulthood.• Both angioplasty and surgery are significantly more difficult to perform in small children and the published information on short and long-term outcome in these children is very scarce.

What is New:• Children below the age of two years can safely and successfully undergo selective renal angiography and also safely be treated with angioplasty.• We here present a large group of babies and infants where angioplasty and in some cases surgery effectively and safely improved their blood pressure.