bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning small indigenous fish species (SIS) in policy and management for enhanced food security and nutrition: The case of the Kenyan Lake Victoria Omena fishery
Authors: Aura Christopher Mulanda , Owiti Horace , Nyamweya Chrisphine , Odoli Cyprian O. , Obuya Julia Akinyi , Ogari Zachary , Njiru James M. , Van der Knaap Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFisheries governance uses policy and statutory documents to improve governance on fish ecology, harvesting, trade and consumption by identifying and addressing gaps regarding inefficiencies, inequity and post‐harvest losses. The current study examines existing policies and institutional documents on fisheries, health and trade to assess the level of inclusion of small indigenous fish species (SIS), especially Omena, as a means of guiding governance interventions for sustained livelihoods of fishing communities in Lake Victoria. A content‐analysis review was conducted on all the fisheries and nutritional policy documents related to Lake Victoria fishery to ascertain the need for their integration into fisheries governance. From the scoring scale, where zero (0) implies no integration and three (3) implies high integration, the study results indicated very low levels of integration across health, fisheries and trade relating to small fish species. Further, the management plans and regulations/guidelines exhibited a relatively higher level of integration than did policies and laws. There is need for a more targeted approach for streamlining the existing policy documents to realize the untapped potential contribution of SIS towards food and nutritional security.
U‐Pb dating of zircon and monazite from the uplifted Variscan crystalline basement of the Ries impact crater
Authors: Tartèse Romain , Endley Stanley , Joy Katherine H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImpact crater central peaks and peak ring complexes are important exploration targets for future missions to other planetary bodies, because they provide access to material uplifted from lower crustal levels. Material exposed there could also provide chronological constraints on crater formation events. Therefore, it is essential to understand if uplifted peak material preserves the chronological records of igneous and metamorphic protolith crustal rocks, or if such records are reset during impact events. To investigate this issue, we collected shocked gneiss and granite samples from uplifted crystalline basement megablocks in the 24 km diameter Ries impact crater in Germany, which is dated at ~14.8 Ma. Petrographic observations, electron beam imaging, and Raman spectroscopy suggest that these samples record the peak pressures of ~10–15 GPa. In situ U‐Pb dating shows that monazite U‐Pb systematics have not been affected by the Ries impact, as gneisses and granites yielded monazite U‐Pb dates of ~370 and 330 Ma, consistent with known Variscan metamorphic and magmatic events. The U‐Pb systematics of some zircon grains yielded U‐Pb dates of approximately 5–10 Ma, which is younger than the age of the Ries impact event. These young dates correspond to U‐rich metamict domains and may reflect recent Pb loss and/or U‐gain during postimpact hydrothermal alteration or weathering. These observations indicate that dating uplifted crystalline material in impact craters on other bodies might provide useful petrological and chronological constraints on the underlying target rocks rather than directly dating impact events, for which sampling impact melt and impact melt‐bearing lithologies should remain the primary target.
First report of signature whistles in an oceanic common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population from Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico
Authors: Rio Raul , Rosales‐Nanduca Hiram , Piuma Lucia A. , Piuma João F. , Piuma Manuela , Redecker Guilherme S. , Hoffmann Lilian S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study is the first baseline acoustic description of common bottlenose dolphin populations (Tursiops truncatus) from Revillagigedo Archipelago and the first identification of signature whistles (SWs) in an oceanic population of T. truncatus. A total of 85% (199/233) of the recorded whistles were classified as stereotyped whistles and subsequently (bout analysis/SIGID) categorized into one of five SW types. External observers were in perfect agreement in classifying whistles into the adopted SW categorization. SWs represented 42% (98/233) of the repertoire. Overall, most whistle types were categorized as sine (80%; SW1, SW2, SW4, and SW5) with one downsweep (20%, SW3). Roca Partida Island had the highest number of SW types. Principal component analysis explained 77% of the total SWs variance, highlighting the importance of shape/contour variables to the SWs variance. The combined mean SWs acoustic parameters from Revillagigedo Archipelago were higher than that recorded in coastal regions, which may indicate there are differences between SWs of pelagic and coastal populations. However, further acoustic and ecological studies in the Archipelago are needed to clarify and expand our findings, to identify its members (Photo ID and SW Revillagigedo Catalog), and to investigate this topic at other oceanic islands.
Retrospective evaluation of operator bias in the performance of high‐resolution anorectal manometry
Authors: Prichard David O. , Fetzer Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeasurements obtained during high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) are subject to operator–patient interactions. For example, standardized enhanced instruction delivered by a single operator in a test–retest fashion did not consistently increase pressures generated during dynamic maneuvers. It is probable that factors other than verbal instruction effect communication during the procedure. To investigate this hypothesis, we retrospectively examined inter‐operator variance in HRM results.MethodsThe electronic health records at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, were used to identify patients who had undergone HRM in 2019 and 2020. The analysis focused on constipated patients. The instructions given to the patients they had examined, and the pressure measurements obtained during HRM, by 6 different nurse operators were compared.Key ResultsWhen performing HRM on their individual patients (range 126–673), the 6 nurses used similar instructions for each of the maneuvers and sensory testing thresholds. The proportion of patients with prolonged balloon expulsion tests and the rectal sensory thresholds were similar among operators. Significant variance was seen in the mean rectoanal pressures at rest, during squeeze, and during dynamic maneuvers. The proportion of patients with manometry results suggestive of a defecatory disorder differed between operators by 18% and 28% in women <50 and >50 years old, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesOperators obtain significantly different results during HRM despite using similar instructions to patients. Substantial differences in the proportion of patients with manometry findings suggestive of a defecatory disorder among operators may have a significant impact on the diagnoses and therapies offered to constipated patients.
Lack of hydraulic recovery as a cause of post‐drought foliage reduction and canopy decline in European beech
Authors: Arend Matthias , Link Roman Mathias , Zahnd Cedric , Hoch Günter , Schuldt Bernhard , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: March 2022

Summary

European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was among the most affected tree species during the severe 2018 European drought. It not only suffered from instant physiological stress but also showed severe symptoms of defoliation and canopy decline in the following year.

To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the Swiss‐Canopy‐Crane II site and studied in branches of healthy and symptomatic trees the repair of hydraulic function and concentration of carbohydrates during the 2018 drought and in 2019.

We found loss of hydraulic conductance in 2018, which did not recover in 2019 in trees that developed defoliation symptoms in the year after drought. Reduced branch foliation in symptomatic trees was associated with a gradual decline in wood starch concentration throughout summer 2019. Visualization of water transport in healthy and symptomatic branches in the year after the drought confirmed the close relationship between xylem functionality and supported branch leaf area.

Our findings showed that embolized xylem does not regain function in the season following a drought and that sustained branch hydraulic dysfunction is counterbalanced by the reduction in supported leaf area. It suggests acclimation of leaf development after drought to mitigate disturbances in canopy hydraulic function.
Historical and cultural aspects of obesity: From a symbol of wealth and prosperity to the epidemic of the 21st century
Authors: Sumińska Marta , Podgórski Rafał , Bogusz‐Górna Klaudia , Skowrońska Bogda , Mazur Artur , Fichna Marta 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWorld Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excess adipose tissue accumulation. Nowadays, this condition is a serious threat to the public health in most countries around the world. Obesity adversely affects physical, mental, and in most cultures, social well‐being. However, throughout the ages—from ancient times to the 21st century—this condition has been subject to various interpretations. As a matter of fact, obesity has not always been regarded as a disease. For many decades, excessive body weight has been considered rather a symbol of health. It was a marker of wealth and prosperity, as well as a sign of high social status. The centuries that passed on the development of science and medicine have gradually changed its face, but significant progress in understanding the causes and consequences of obesity has been made in the last 30 years. This paper presents the historical outline of obesity and its treatment from ancient times to the present—from its affirmation to the epidemic in the late 20th and 21st century.
Vision‐related symptoms, accommodative and binocular vision performance in young diabetics vs. normal controls
Authors: Nabovati Payam , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Fayaz Faezeh , Rajabi Sattar , Asharlous Amir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare accommodative and binocular vision performance between young diabetic subjects and normal controls, and to investigate the correlation of accommodative/binocular indices with the severity of diabetes.MethodsThirty young subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 30 age‐matched normal controls were recruited in this hospital‐based cross‐sectional study. DM was diagnosed by a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) higher than 6.5%. The status of vision‐related symptoms was examined by the convergence insufficiency symptoms survey (CISS). All participants underwent a complete optometric examination including visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective refraction, accommodative and binocular vision assessments.ResultsAll study participants were between 18 and 40 years of age. There were no statistically significant differences in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), sphere, cylinder and spherical equivalent refraction (SE) between the diabetes and control groups. The median near point of convergence (NPC) was significantly more remote in diabetics compared with the control group. Mean accommodative amplitude (AA) and vergence facility (VF) and the median monocular accommodative facility (AF) were significantly lower in diabetic subjects compared with normal controls. In addition, the median accommodative lag in the diabetic group was significantly higher than the control group. A significantly higher percentage of the diabetic group were symptomatic (26.6%), compared with the controls (6.6%). The NPC and accommodative lag showed a significant positive correlation with the HbA1c level, while VF, AA and AF exhibited a significant negative correlation with HbA1c.ConclusionAspects of accommodative and binocular vision performance are strongly affected by DM. There is also a significant correlation between accommodative and binocular disorders with the severity of DM. A significant percentage of young subjects with DM have severe vision‐related symptoms.
Exploring attention to the Canadian 24‐Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth using eye‐tracking: A randomized control trial
Authors: Walters A. J. , Lithopoulos A. , Tennant E. M. , Weissman S. , Latimer‐Cheung A. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Canadian 24‐Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (“Guidelines”) not only pioneered the notion of an integrated movement continuum from sleep to vigorous‐intensity physical activity but also introduced a new branded Guideline visual identity.ObjectivesThis study evaluated youths’ (N = 46) attention to and thoughts about the Guidelines and the brand.DesignA cross‐sectional between‐participants randomized intervention design was used.SampleCanadian youth between 10 and 17 years of age comprised the study sample.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to view either branded Guidelines (n = 26) or unbranded Guidelines (n = 20). Youths’ eye‐movements (e.g., dwell time, fixation count) were recorded during Guideline viewing. Participants completed a follow‐up survey assessing brand perceptions and Guideline cognitions.ResultsThe branded Guidelines neither drew greater overall attention nor led to more positive brand perceptions or Guideline cognitions compared to the unbranded Guidelines.ConclusionsExploratory analyses provide valuable, yet preliminary insight into how branding and Guideline content may shape how Guidelines are perceived and acted upon. These findings inform an agenda for future health education resources.
Use of serum progesterone and prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels to predict onset of parturition in the bitch
Authors: Nöthling Johan Oliviette , Joonè Carolynne Jane , De Cramer Kurt G. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prediction of time to onset of parturition in a preparturient bitch is of great clinical value, particularly for bitches at high risk of dystocia and those lacking relevant clinical data from the time of breeding. In a previous study, four cut‐offs for plasma progesterone levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were shown to be useful for predicting the likelihood of a bitch entering stage one of parturition within defined time intervals. The first aim of the current study was to evaluate these cut‐offs in a clinical setting, using serum progesterone samples drawn from preparturient bitches 12‐hourly instead of 6‐hourly and assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Furthermore, the use of 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F2α, (PGFM), a metabolite of prostaglandin F2α, in predicting the time to onset of parturition was evaluated. Forty bitches carrying two or more foetuses were admitted to a specialist veterinary reproduction hospital 53 d after the onset of cytological dioestrus when that date was known, or 57 d after the last mating. Vaginal speculum examinations were performed every 6 hr until cervical dilatation was visualized (time of cervical dilatation; TCD). Serum samples were collected at 08h00 and 18h00 daily until TCD. All bitches underwent elective caesarean section at TCD. Results of this study show that approximately 5% and 10% of preparturient bitches will reach TCD within 12 hr despite a serum progesterone level of at least 15.8 nmol/L and 8.7 nmol/L respectively. In addition, there is a 95% probability that a preparturient bitch will reach TCD within 48 hr if her serum progesterone level is below 8.7 nmol/L, and a 91% probability of her reaching TCD within 24 hr if her serum progesterone level is below 3.18 nmol/L. Approximately 90% of bitches that demonstrate a 20% increase in PGFM over a 12‐hr period are likely to be within 36 hr of TCD. These results provide useful benchmarks for the management of canine parturition.
Oral lesions and saliva alterations of COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Eduardo Fernanda de Paula , Bezinelli Leticia Mello , Gobbi Marcella Ferreira , Bergamin Livia Goron , de Carvalho Danielle Lima Correa , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo detect the type and frequency of oral lesions and clinical conditions suggestive of saliva alterations in COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), as well as to describe the patient´s management in each caseMethodsInformation about oral conditions and mechanical ventilation was collected from oral medicine records of COVID‐19 patients in an ICU (n = 519)ResultsFrom the total collected, 472 patients (90.9%) were examined by the oral medicine staff. In 242/472 patients (51.3%), alterations in the oral cavity were noted. The most frequent changes were mechanical trauma (18.1%, derived mainly from intubation), vascular/coagulation disturbances (24.1%, petechiae, bruises, varicoses, and oral bleeding), and saliva alterations (24.4%, dry mouth, and sialorrhea). Infectious lesions were mentioned in the oral medicine records (16.9%), most associated with a viral infection (15.7%), mainly herpesvirus. Improved oral change protocols included oral hygiene, use of specific medications, and laser therapyConclusionCOVID‐19 patients in the ICU often showed dryness in the oral and mucosa oral lesions related to vascular/coagulation disturbances, and mechanical trauma derived from orotracheal tube. An oral medicine staff must be aligned with the ICU multidisciplinary team to manage COVID‐19 patients, as well as to establish diagnoses and oral cavity treatments.
Absent‐Presence Present‐Absence: Places, Spaces, Rights for Young People
Authors: Skelton Tracey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildren and young people are everywhere (present) but often nowhere (absent). They can be seen but not heard, they may use their voice but not be listened to. As a substantially marginalised group of humans, they experience absence and presence in different ways to older people and are confronted with contradictory experiences and recognition. Children and youth face a range of disadvantages in relational comparison of understandings and interpretations of ‘adulthood’. They are described as unready, immature, unformed, citizens‐in‐waiting and caught in interstitial nowhere/everywhere betweenness. However, geographers of children and young people are engaging with political conceptualisations of younger people that provide space for discourse, dialogue and discussion combined with an ethics of seeing, looking, hearing, listening, supporting and including children and young people. This article spins out from the three Dossier papers and weaves a threaded analytical examination of absent/presence and present/absence.
Does the belt and road initiative stimulate Chinese exports? Evidence from micro data
Authors: Görg Holger , Mao Haiou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates firms' exporting responses to BRI and considers their heterogeneity in ownership types, product types, regional origin and trade mode. This is done by analysing firm–product–destination‐level customs data from 2008 to 2016. Our empirical results show that aggregate export behaviour increased significantly after BRI. However, ownership matters when evaluating firms' reactions, with SOEs and foreign firms benefitting, but privately owned domestic firms not. Furthermore, our results on regional heterogeneity suggest that ‘open through the west’, that is boosting the development of western regions in China, did not appear to work in the short term. Our findings show clearly the implications of BRI's impact from a firm‐level perspective.
Retrospective evaluation of phacoemulsification and aspiration in 182 eyes: Visual outcomes and CDE‐predictive value
Authors: Edelmann Michele L. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Ledbetter Eric C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) on complications and visual outcome following cataract surgery in dogs.Animals studiedRecords of 182 canine eyes that had undergone cataract surgery.ProceduresRetrospective medical record review was conducted on dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral elective cataract surgery by a single surgeon. Preoperative variables such as age, cataract duration, and pre‐existing conditions were recorded. Intraoperative variables such as intraocular lens (IOL) status, phacoemulsification time, average power, irrigation fluid volume, and CDE were recorded. Postoperative complications and visual status at last follow‐up were compared to these variables.ResultsEighty‐six percent of dogs were visual in one or both eyes at last follow‐up (LFU) examination. Median follow‐up time was 186 days postoperatively. Eyes that developed glaucoma had a significantly greater mean CDE (77.73 ± 80.11) than eyes that did not develop glaucoma (49.21 ± 38.93). Eyes that remained visual at the LFU examination had a significantly lower mean CDE (48.31 ± 37.14) than eyes that were blind at LFU (82.05 ± 82.73). Significantly lower mean CDEs were found in diabetic eyes, younger eyes, early‐operated eyes (<1 month duration), and eyes with preoperative lens‐induced uveitis.ConclusionsHigher CDE may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative glaucoma and loss of vision in dogs. Cumulative dissipated energy may be a useful prognostic indicator for success of canine cataract surgery.
Prevalence of anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in cats in Germany and other European countries in the early phase of the coronavirus disease‐19 pandemic
Authors: Adler Julia Maria , Weber Corinna , Wernike Kerstin , Michelitsch Anna , Friedrich Karin , Trimpert Jakob , Beer Martin , Kohn Barbara , Osterrieder Klaus , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the first months of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), cases of human‐to‐cat transmission were reported. Seroconversion was shown in cats infected under experimental and natural conditions. This large‐scale survey of 1,005 serum samples was conducted to investigate anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody prevalence in domestic cats during the first 7 months of the pandemic in Germany and other European countries. In addition, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of two multispecies SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results were confirmed by using an indirect immunofluorescence test (iIFT) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Sera that were highly positive for feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies (n = 103) were included to correct for cross‐reactivity of the tests used. Our results showed an overall SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity of 1.9% (n = 19) in a receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐based ELISA, additional 0.8% (n = 8) were giving inconclusive results. In contrast, a nucleocapsid‐based ELISA revealed 0.5% (n = 5) positive and 0.2% (n = 2) inconclusive results. While the iIFT and sVNT confirmed 100% of positive and 50%–57.1% of the doubtful results as determined in the RBD ELISA, the nucleocapsid‐based assay showed a high discrepancy and only one of the five positive results could be confirmed. The results indicate significant deficits of the nucleocapsid‐based ELISA with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Due to a significantly higher rate (5.8%) of positive results in the group of highly FCoV antibody‐positive samples, cross‐reactivity of the FCoV‐ELISA with SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies cannot be excluded. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of direct contact of domestic cats (n = 23) to SARS‐CoV‐2 positive owners. Considering one inconclusive result, which got confirmed by iIFT, this exposure did not lead to a significantly higher prevalence (4.4%;p = .358) among tested subjects. Overall, we conclude that cats are a negligible entity with respect to virus transmission in Europe.