bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully vacuum‐free semitransparent polymer solar cells for power‐generating window with pure achromatic appealing
Authors: Kang Moon Hee , Kim Hyojin , Yun Changhun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong the existing renewable independent energy sources, semitransparent (ST) solar cells have attracted attention owing to their ability to be integrated into the windows of buildings or vehicles. To realize not only practical electricity production but also esthetic appearance, we fabricated PTB7:PC71BM‐based ST polymer solar cells via fully vacuum‐free and low‐cost manufacturing methods. Fully vacuum‐free manufacturing could be achieved from a silver nanowire and conductive polymer‐based transparent lamination top electrode, thereby achieving complete and concrete electrical contact with the underlying polymer bulk‐heterojunction layer through a simple hot‐press lamination step. In addition, for the insertion of an appropriate hole‐extracting interlayer between the lamination electrode and polymer layer, ST solar cells with a lamination electrode provided the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.36% with a fill factor (FF) of 53.9%. For comparison, opaque solar cells with a metal top electrode were also fabricated, providing the best PCE of 9.07% with an FF of 65.4%. However, the inferior electricity production of these ST solar cells can be compensated for by its pure achromatic appeal owing to its superior optical properties. Detailed optical analysis was performed to evaluate the compatibility of the lamination electrode‐based ST solar cells for power‐generating window applications. ST solar cells did not exhibit a noticeable optical cavity resonance effect, resulting in an extremely good visual appearance with achromatic sensation and a window illumination source with luminosity of 38.1%, CCT of 6480 K, and general CRI of 95.5 under D65, which is a standard daylight illuminant.
The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic drug use in Dutch nursing home patients with dementia during the first wave of COVID‐19: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sizoo Eefje M. , Thunnissen Josi A. , van Loon Anouk M. , Brederveld Claire L. , Timmer Helma , Hendriks Simone , Smalbrugge Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia during the step‐by‐step lifting of restrictions after the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Netherlands, and to describe psychotropic drug use (PDU) throughout the whole first wave.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study of nursing home residents with dementia. We measured neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Questionnaire (NPI‐Q). From May to August 2020, the NPI‐Q was filled in monthly. Psychotropic drug use was retrieved from the electronic prescription system, retrospectively for the months February to April and prospectively for the months May to August.ResultsWe followed 252 residents with dementia in 19 Dutch nursing homes. Agitation was the most prevalent type of neuropsychiatric symptom at each assessment. Overall, the prevalence and severity of agitation and depression significantly decreased over time. When considering more in detail, we observed that in some residents specific neuropsychiatric symptoms resolved (resolution) while in others specific neuropsychiatric symptoms developed (incidence) during the study period. For the majority of the residents, neuropsychiatric symptoms persisted over time. Psychotropic drug use remained stable over time throughout the whole first wave of the pandemic.ConclusionsAt group level, lifting the measures appeared to have beneficial effects on the prevalence and severity of agitation and depression in residents with dementia. Nevertheless, on an individual level we observed high heterogeneity in the course of neuropsychiatric symptoms over time. Despite the pressure of the pandemic and the restrictions in social contact imposed, PDU remained stable.
The Influence of ZnO−ZrO2 Interface in Hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH
Authors: Šot Petr , Noh Gina , Weber Ines C. , Pratsinis Sotiris E. , Copéret Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe influence of the interface in ZnO−ZrO2 catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH is investigated. Specifically, we perturbed its structure using two different synthetic methods: surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) and flame‐spray pyrolysis (FSP) and investigated the speciation of the resulting materials by spectroscopic techniques, such as XAS, NMR, IR, UV‐Vis, and EPR. The results indicate that oxidic Zn particles that co‐exist with ZrO2, as synthesized by FSP, show a superior selectivity in contrast to Zn(0) nanoparticles or Zn(II) single sites on ZrO2, formed using SOMC. Further experiments underlined the importance of the ZnO−ZrO2 interface in the process: only materials with such an interface exhibit highly selective production of CH3OH, proceeding likely via the formation of the surface CH3O intermediates.
Effect of helical baffles and water‐based Al2O3, CuO, and SiO2nanoparticles in the enhancement of thermal performance for shell and tube heat exchanger
Authors: Gugulothu Ravi , Sanke Narsimhulu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, Shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) with 22% cut segmental baffles and helical baffles with 20°, 30°, 40° inclination angles are considered for three‐dimensional CFD analysis using the ANSYS FLUENT tool to investigate the performance of STHX. OHTC and comprehensive performance index are higher for 40° helical baffles when compared to segmental baffle and 20°, 30° helical baffle heat exchangers with water as working fluid. Hence, further investigations are carried out for 40° helical baffle heat exchangers. Numerical investigations are extended with nanofluids (Al2O3, CuO, and SiO2) at 1%, 3%, and 5% volume concentrations for each nanofluid. Under the same mass flow rates, 40° helical baffles with Al2O3nanofluid as working fluid provided better heat transfer rates when compared to the other two nanofluids and base fluid. Also, the authors noticed that the 5% volume (vol) concentration nanofluids provided better heat transfer enhancements when compared to 1%, 3% volume concentrations, and base fluid. Enhancements (10.33%–8.24%) from lower to the higher mass flow rate in 40° HB with Al2O3nanofluid at 5% volume concentration are observed when compared to water as base fluid.
General toxicity and genotoxicity of altertoxin I: A novel 28‐day multiendpoint assessment in male Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Zhu Xia , Chen Yiyi , Tang Xinyao , Wang Dongxia , Miao Yeqiu , Zhang Jing , Li Ruirui , Zhang Lishi , Chen Jinyao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mycotoxin altertoxin I (ATX‐I) is one of secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria fungi and is frequently detected as food and feed contaminants. Little is known about the genotoxicity of the ATX‐I. In order to evaluate potential genotoxicity and general toxicity of ATX‐I, the novel 28‐day multiendpoint (Pig‐a assay + micronucleus [MN] test + comet assay) genotoxicity platform was applied. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomized to five groups (six rats per group), that is, a positive control group (N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea [ENU], 40 mg/kg.bw/d), two solvent control groups (PBS and corn oil), and two ATX‐I‐treated groups (low‐dose group [1.10 μg/kg.bw/d] and high‐dose group [5.51 μg/kg.bw/d]). Treatments were administered by oral gavage to male SD rats for 28 consecutive days. Histopathological damages in the liver, kidney, and spleen were observed, but without significant changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Genotoxic endpoints indicated that ATX‐I could cause DNA damage. To summarize, in a relatively low‐dose range, ATX‐I may not have direct genotoxicity in vivo but could induce liver, kidney, and spleen damage.
Theoretical study of thiazole activation in sudoxicam and meloxicam: Reaction center, biotransformation, and methyl effects
Authors: Qin Dan , Dong Lu , Yang Lijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe molecular mechanism of sudoxicam and meloxicam metabolism to thioamide is clarified based on the results of quantum chemistry calculations. The two drugs are first activated to generate carbonyl intermediate 5‐PC. When the reaction site is on C5 of the thiazole ring, 5‐PC is directly obtained; when the reaction site is on C4, metabolite epoxide is easily isomerized to give 5‐PC instead of hydrolysis to glycols. 5‐PC is an important intermediate, which is further metabolized to generate thioamide. The molecular docking experiments clarify the reasons for the difference in hepatotoxicity of two drugs caused by methyl groups. Compared with close distance between Fe and the thiazole ring in sudoxicam, the additional methyl group in meloxicam is more close to the Fe(III)‐heme moiety, which suppresses the bioactivation of the thiazole ring. The position of methyl binding in the cytochrome P450 pocket determines the activation difference of thiazole in meloxicam and sudoxicam. The study provides detailed molecular mechanisms for the differences in metabolism and toxicity of the two drugs and lays the foundations for drug design and drug modification.
HIV disclosure and depressive symptoms among pregnant women living with HIV: a cross‐sectional study in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Zotova Natalia , Familiar Itziar , Kawende Bienvenu , Kasindi Fidele Lumande , Ravelomanana Noro , Parcesepe Angela M. , Adedimeji Adebola , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Kaba Didine , Babakazo Pélagie , Yotebieng Marcel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDisclosure of one's HIV status may decrease depression and improve the quality of life among people living with HIV. However, there is mixed evidence on the impact of disclosure to partners for pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) in areas of intersecting social concerns over disclosure and high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV). We assessed the association between HIV disclosure and depressive symptoms among pregnant WLHIV in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and examined whether the knowledge of partner's status or recent IPV modified this association.MethodsWe utilized data from participants enrolled in a trial to evaluate the effect of continuous quality interventions on long‐term therapy outcomes among HIV‐positive pregnant and breastfeeding women in DRC (NCT03048669). Only pregnant women (n = 1392) were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. Between November 2016 and June 2019, enrolled participants completed a survey that included the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) to screen recent depressive symptoms, questions about disclosure, knowledge of partner's status and IPV. We used linear models to calculate crude and adjusted mean differences (MDs) between disclosure and depressive symptoms. All analyses were stratified by timing of HIV diagnosis.ResultsDisclosure was higher among participants diagnosed prior to current pregnancy (41% to their partners and 24% to family, friends or others) relative to those diagnosed during current pregnancy (21% to partners and 12% to family). About one‐quarter of women reported any type of IPV in the past 12 months. Disclosure to a partner was associated with lower depressive symptoms among women diagnosed prior to current pregnancy (MD −0.55; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.04) but the opposite was observed among those diagnosed during current pregnancy (MD 0.5; 95% CI: −0.4, 1.4). Adjustment for IPV, knowledge of partner's status, age, number of living children and primigravidae did not change MDs substantially.ConclusionsWomen in our sample mostly disclosed to partners despite high IPV burden. The observed association between disclosure to partners and lower depressive symptoms among women diagnosed prior to current pregnancy is consistent with cross‐national evidence. A prospective study among pregnant WLHIV is needed to examine longitudinal effects of HIV status disclosure.
Long‐term immunity in convalescent Syrian hamsters provides protection against new‐variant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the lower but not upper respiratory tract
Authors: Stauft Charles B. , Selvaraj Prabhuanand , Lien Christopher Z. , Starost Matthew F. , Wang Tony T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccines provide high levels of protection against severe disease and hospitalization due to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Vaccination may be less effective in preventing shedding of infectious viruses from otherwise immune patients. In this study, we describe breakthrough infections and shedding of infectious viruses in convalescent hamsters without significant replication in the lower respiratory tract following reinfection by Alpha and Delta variants despite high levels of circulating antibodies in sera. Using convalescent hamsters with long‐term immunity (up to 1 year) following infection by ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2, we can model aspects of recurring COVID‐19 in the context of preexisting immunity.
Association of atrial fibrillation with infectivity and severe complications of COVID‐19: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Park Jin , Shin Jae Il , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Park Junbeom , Jeon Jimin , Kim Jinkwon , Song Tae‐Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfection is associated with the occurrence, recurrence, and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF), and is also closely related to poor prognosis. However, studies of the relationship between infectivity and severe complications of coronavirus infectious disease‐19 (COVID‐19) with a history of AF are limited. To estimate infectivity and severity of complications in COVID‐19 patients with a history of AF, this study was done. From the Korean nationwide COVID‐19 dataset, 212 678 participants with at least one severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) test were included between January 1 and June 4, 2020. AF was defined according to at least two outpatient hospital visits or one admission with an ICD‐10 code of “I48” before the COVID‐19 test. To investigate the association of AF with infectivity and severe complications of COVID‐19, 1:4 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. Severe complications of COVID‐19 were defined as a composite outcome of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and death within 2 months after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Among 212 678 participants who underwent the COVID‐19 test, there were 7713 COVID‐19 positive patients. After PSM, COVID‐19 PCR positivity did not show a significant difference according to the presence of AF (odds ratio [OR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.60–1.04]). Of 7713 COVID‐19 patients, 62 (0.8%) had a history of AF and severe complications occurred in 444 (5.7%) patients. After PSM, AF was associated with the development of severe complications (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: [1.10–3.79]) and mortality (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: [1.01–4.31]) of COVID‐19. We found that AF was associated with an increased risk of severe complications in COVID‐19 infected patients.
Human immunodeficiency virus: The potential of medicinal plants as antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Chen Huan , Akhtar Tasleem , Rafi Ali , Zafar Muhammad Shoaib , Zheng Yong‐Tang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is fast becoming widespread in the world with 37.7 million people living with HIV in 2020. Antiretroviral therapy involving chemical drugs has declined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related mortality and improved the life quality of AIDS/HIV sufferers. However, the emergence of drug resistance and side effects are the main obstacles for the long‐term use of these chemicals as antiretroviral therapy. Recently, a lot of emphasis is being put on finding naturally occurring drug candidates that show activity against HIV and can be potentially used as antiretroviral therapy. In this study, different medicinal plants, Pistacia khinjuk, Teucrium stocksianum, Uncaria tomentosa, Pistacia integerrima, Trigonella gharuensis, and Artocarpus lakoocha, were explored for their anti‐HIV potential. Syncytium and p24 assays were performed to determine antiviral activity, while the MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. Results showed that extracts from all six plants inhibited HIV replication in vitro. Also, extracts from Pistacia khinjuk, Teucrium stocksianum, Uncaria tomentosa, and Pistacia integerrima showed low cytotoxicity with a 50% cytotoxicity concentration value of >200 μM. Results of this study indicate that there is potential in these natural extracts to become candidate drugs to be used as complementary and alternative medicine for HIV infection.
Changes in extreme precipitation events in the Zambezi River basins based on CORDEX‐CORE models, Part II: Future projections under 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0°C global warming levels
Authors: Samuel Sydney , Wiston Modise , Mphale Kgakgamatso , Faka Dieudonne Nsadisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the potential implications of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0°C global warming levels (GWLs) on the austral summer (November–March) extreme precipitation indices over the Zambezi River basin (ZRB) relative to the control period (1971–2000). We computed extreme precipitation based on daily data from observations and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)‐Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) multi‐model ensemble mean (ENSMean). First, we evaluated the performance of the CORDEX‐CORE ENSMean in simulating extreme precipitation based on six indices; the number of rainy days (RR1), simple daily intensity index (SDII), maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), maximum consecutive dry days (CDD), heavy precipitation days (R10), and very heavy precipitation days (R20). The results indicate that the CORDEX‐CORE ENSMean can simulate the spatial distributions of extreme precipitation over the ZRB. However, CORDEX‐CORE largely overestimates the magnitudes of RR1 and CWD. The projected changes show a decrease in RR1, CWD, and R10 under all GWLs, with a robust and pronounced decrease under 3.0°C GWL. In contrast, CDD and SDII are projected to increase under all GWLs, with a robust and pronounced increase in CDD under 3.0°C GWL. The regionally averaged changes show that the median values of CWD, RR1, and R10 (SDII and CDD) are projected to decrease (increase) under all GWLs over the ZRB and sub‐basins. The probability density function (PDF) shows negative (positive) shifts in the mean of CWD, RR1, and R10 (SDII and CDD) over the ZRB and sub‐basins under all GWLs. In contrast, R20 is projected to increase (decrease) over most of the western (eastern) ZRB under all GWLs. Assessing the implications of an additional 0.5 and 1.5°C (1.0°C) warming to 1.5°C (2.0°C) GWL shows that limiting GWL to 1.5°C would restrict the future exposure of the ZRB to extreme precipitation.
Uniform monotonicity of Orlicz spaces equipped with the Mazur–Orlicz F‐norm and dominated best approximation in F‐normed Köthe spaces
Authors: Cui Yunan , Hudzik Henryk , Kaczmarek Radosław , Kolwicz Paweł 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe collect several useful equivalent conditions for order continuity in F‐normed Köthe spaces. Next, we study uniform monotonicity of Orlicz function (sequence) spaces equipped with the Mazur–Orlicz F‐norm. We show necessary and sufficient conditions, separately. Moreover, we study the best dominated approximation problems in F‐normed Köthe spaces showing that order continuity and strict monotonicity are crucial tools in these problems. Finally, we apply the general results in Orlicz spaces. We focus mainly on these methods and techniques which are essentially different and more delicate in comparison to the case of normed Köthe spaces.
Comprehensive analysis of PTEN‐related ceRNA network revealing the key pathways WDFY3‐AS2 ‐ miR‐21‐5p/miR‐221‐3p/miR‐222‐3p ‐ TIMP3 as potential biomarker in tumorigenesis and prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xishan , Liu Guofeng , Xu Mo , Ying Xintao , Li Bianfeng , Cao Fengxi , Cheng Shuqiang , Xiao Beibei , Cheng Miao , Liang Liang , Jia Mingxi , Li Wen , Liu Jiheng , Li Zheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and there is still a lack of effective biomarkers for early detection and prognostic prediction. In here, we compared the characteristics of RNA sequencing data sets of KIRC samples based on the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The 1016 long noncoding RNAs, 48 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 2104 messenger RNAs associated with PTEN were identified and these genes were differentially expressed between tumor and paracancerous tissues. The most relevant pathway was found to be WDFY3‐AS2 ‐ miR‐21‐5p/miR‐221‐3p/miR‐222‐3p ‐ TIMP3 according to the rules of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation. WDFY3‐AS2 and TIMP3 expression were positively correlated and reduced in KIRC samples, while miR‐21‐5p, miR‐221‐3p, and miR‐222‐3p were relatively highly expressed. The relatively low expression of WDFY3‐AS2 and TIMP3 in KIRC were associated with poor prognosis in KIRC patients, while higher expression of miR‐21‐5p, miR‐221‐3p, and miR‐222‐3p predicted reduced survival (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lower expression of WDFY3‐AS2 and TIMP3 was significantly related to tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. The expression of TIMP3 in KIRC tissues was also verified by immunohistochemistry, and the results were consistent with our analytical data. In summary, this study constructed a new model with clinical predictive value and identified the WDFY3‐AS2/TIMP3 pathway that was closely associated with the prognosis of KIRC, which could serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.
New Insight into the human genetic diversity in North African populations by genotyping of SNPs in DRD3, CSMD1 and NRG1 genes
Authors: Mestiri Souhir , Boussetta Sami , Pakstis Andrew J. , El Kamel Sarra , Ben Ammar El Gaaied Amel , Kidd Kenneth K. , Cherni Lotfi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3), the CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) and the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes were used to study the genetic diversity and affinity among North African populations and to examine their genetic relationships in worldwide populations.MethodsThe rs3773678, rs3732783 and rs6280 SNPs of the DRD3 gene located on chromosome 3, the rs10108270 SNP of the CSMD1 gene and the rs383632, rs385396 and rs1462906 SNPs of the NRG1 gene located on chromosome 8 were analysed in 366 individuals from seven North African populations (Libya, Kairouan, Mehdia, Sousse, Kesra, Smar and Kerkennah).ResultsThe low values of FST indicated that only 0.27%–1.65% of the genetic variability was due to the differences between the populations. The Kairouan population has the lowest average heterozygosity among the North African populations. Haplotypes composed of the ancestral alleles ACC and ACAT were more frequent in the Kairouan population than in other North African populations. The PCA and the haplotypic analysis showed that the genetic structure of populations in North Africa was closer to that of Europeans, Admixed Americans, South Asians and East Asians. However, analysis of the rs3732783 and rs6280 SNPs revealed that the CT microhaplotype was specific to the North African population.ConclusionsThe Kairouan population exhibited a relatively low rate of genetic variability. The North African population has undergone significant gene flow but also evolutionary forces that have made it genetically distinct from other populations.