bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tandem [3+1+1+1] Heterocyclization of α‐Acyl Ketene Dithioacetals with Ammonia and Methanol: Rapid Assembly of Polysubstituted Pyrimidines
Authors: Wang Youkun , Yan Linlin , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Xiang Fengrui , Li Xiaojun , Li Shengnan , Song Xiaoning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA straightforward copper‐catalyzed aerobic cyclocondensation reaction of α‐acyl ketene dithioacetals with ammonium acetate and methanol was developed for synthesizing highly functionalized pyrimidines. This domino conversion relied on the dual activities of CuCl2, namely Lewis acid and dehydrogenation, which began with single C−S ammonolysis directed by an in situ generated imine, followed by cyclocondensation with aldehyde produced from alcohol and concomitant oxidative dehydrogenation under an oxygen atmosphere. Notably, readily accessible and flexible substrates, common chemical feedstock nitrogen and C1 sources, good functional group tolerance and procedural simplicity exhibit the efficiency and potential application of the new method.
Effects of diesel–Calophylluminophyllum biodiesel–propyl alcohol blends on performance, emissions, and combustion of diesel engine
Authors: Nagpure Anant G. , Chavan Supriya B. , Rathod Walmik S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present experimental work aims to study the effects of higher alcohol with diesel–Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel on diesel engine characteristics. The higher alcohol used for the investigation was propyl alcohol. Three samples were prepared with a diesel–biodiesel blend (B20) at 6%, 12%, and 18% concentration by volume of propyl alcohol (B20P6, B20P12, and B20P18). Tests were carried out on a single‐cylinder, four‐stroke diesel engine with varying loads and compression ratio. At higher compression ratios, the modified blends of propyl alcohol reported better efficiencies compared to diesel. Blend B20P12 has a 1.6% higher average brake thermal efficiency than diesel. For all blends, the brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFCs) were found to be increased in comparison to diesel. The blends B20P6 and B20P12 reported 12.8% and 13.8% higher average BSFCs than those of diesel. The blends B20P6 and B20P12 reported 15.7% and 29.5% less carbon monoxide emissions than diesel, respectively. A decrease of up to 4.6% in hydrocarbon emissions was also reported with propyl alcohol blends. Along with a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, propyl alcohol blends also reported lower peak cylinder pressure and a lower heat release rate compared to diesel. At a higher compression ratio, increased engine knock was observed with a higher amount of propyl alcohol. The experimental evaluation concluded that a 12% concentration by volume of propyl alcohol is the optimum value of the additive in the diesel–C. inophyllum biodiesel blend.
Characterization of products obtained of waste polyethylene terephthalate by pyrolysis
Authors: Olam Mikail , Karaca Hüseyin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, waste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) was converted to liquid fuel by the pyrolysis method. It was also investigated both effects of microwave pre‐treatment and catalyst (sodium borohydride) on total conversion and oil + gas yield. The reaction temperature of 375–425°C and the reaction time of 30 min are sufficient for the pyrolysis of waste plastic samples in a batch reactor. In the pyrolysis of wPETs, the highest oil + gas yield of 45% was obtained under the conditions of reaction temperature of 425°C and reaction time of 30 min. The highest total conversion was 62% of microwave pre‐treated wPETs under catalytic conditions. It can be argued that microwave pre‐treatment and NaBH4 influence the oil + gas yield in pyrolysis experiments. According to the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis results of the oil products, they consist of aromatic, mono and multi‐ring aromatic compounds and polyaromatic compounds. Higher heating values of the solid products obtained in pyrolysis are approximately 4000–6000 cal/g. According to X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the solid products, they consist largely of crystalline terephthalic acid (C8H6O4).
CO2capture by aqueous mixture of 1,8‐diaminooctane promoted MDEA and MEA: CO2loading, kinetic study, and regenerability
Authors: Gholidoost Milad , Farsi Mohammad , Setoodeh Payam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main aim of the current research is to determine the kinetics, CO2loading, absorption rate, and regenerability of 1,8‐diaminooctane (DAO) promoted MEA and MDEA solvents in a lab‐scale experimental setup. The DAO is a linear diamine molecule with a long distance between amine groups and low vapor pressure. In the first step, the CO2loading and rate of solutions are measured in a well‐mixed isothermal batch reactor at the CO2pressure range 0.2–1.2 bar, the temperature range of 303–313 K, and promoter volume fraction of 0%–10%. It appears the equilibrium loading of MEA is less sensitive to an increase in dissolved CO2concentration compared to the promoted samples due to the stability of MEA carbamate. Afterward, to investigate the regenerability of the prepared solutions, the effective loading of samples is determined through the designed regeneration test. The results show that the addition of a small quantity of 1,8‐diaminooctane reveals a considerable enhancement in the rate and CO2loading of the base solutions. The maximum loading of 0.95 mol CO2per mol amine is obtained by 1,8‐diaminooctane promoted MDEA (10%) at equilibrium temperature 313.15 K, and pressure 1.01 bar.
A novel black widow optimization approach to improve the precision in parameter estimation problem of solar photovoltaic electrical model
Authors: Chauhan Abhishek , Prakash Surya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMathematical modeling of solar photovoltaic (PV) cell/module or array is to assess its unknown modeling parameters with the experimental current–voltage (I–V) characteristic or from the manufacturer's datasheet, where exploitation of implicit and precise solution is a stern concern among researchers for the designing of an optimized solar PV system. Hence, in this article, a robust pheromone value black widow optimization (pv‐BWO) algorithm is proposed to estimate precise modeling parameters of equivalent solar PV single‐diode model (SDM), double‐diode model (DDM), and three‐diode model (TDM). The proposed algorithm is well investigated in coordination with three case studies that hold polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV modules. The suggested technique is validated through the analysis of I–V and power–voltage (P–V) performance characteristics that are meticulously analyzed under various environmental constraints. The first two case studies are widely investigated in the literature also, whereas, to affirm the suitability of pv‐BWO under real implementation the third case study is carried out in an experimental environment. Furthermore, the pv‐BWO method for the aforesaid case studies are validated and compared with the experimental data along with various well‐established parameter estimation techniques in literature, where the proposed method promises a more reliable, stable, and precise solution for the parameter estimation problem.
Effect of double‐droplet interaction on ignition and combustion characteristics of heptane‐based nanofluid fuels in a high‐temperature environment
Authors: Zhu Baozhong , Wang Jinghui , Dai Baoxin , Sun Yunlan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ignition and combustion characteristics of a single droplet or double droplets of the Al/n‐heptane‐based nanofluid fuels with different arrangements were investigated by a droplet‐suspension method at high temperature. The addition of ricinoleic acid and nano‐sized Al particles to n‐heptane can improve the ignition performance of n‐heptane droplets, and the ignition delay times of n‐heptane droplets are decreased by the maximum of 19.0% and 31.0%, respectively. The mixing effect of combustible vapor of adjacent droplets and the heat transfer effect of adjacent flames are responsible for the different combustion processes of nanofluid fuel droplets with different arrangements. Compared with the single droplet, the ignition delay times of the horizontal and vertical double droplets are decreased by the maximum of 26.9% and 45.7%, respectively. The vertical double droplets have better ignition performance than the horizontal double droplets due to the disturbance and mixing of the vapor flow with different directions. In addition, the droplet arrangement has different promotion effects on different droplets.
Glymphatic system dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Park Bong Soo , Ko Junghae , Park Si Hyung , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Park Kang Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate glymphatic system function in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in comparison to healthy controls, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) method. We hypothesized that there is glymphatic system dysfunction in TLE patients with HS.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 25 TLE patients with HS and 26 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. All participants underwent DTI with the same 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and the DTI‐ALPS index was calculated. We evaluated the differences in the DTI‐ALPS index between TLE patients with HS and healthy controls. Moreover, we evaluated the correlation between the DTI‐ALPS index and clinical characteristics of epilepsy, including age, age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, and number of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs).ResultsThere was a difference in the DTI‐ALPS index between TLE patients with HS and healthy controls. The DTI‐ALPS index in TLE patients with HS was lower than that in healthy controls (1.497 vs. 1.668, P = .015). However, there was no difference in the DTI‐ALPS index between the newly diagnosed TLE patients with HS and the chronic TLE patients with HS. The DTI‐ALPS index was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.420, P = .036). However, the DTI‐ALPS index was not correlated with other clinical characteristics, including age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, and number of ASMs.SignificanceOur findings showed that the DTI‐ALPS index was significantly lower in TLE patients with HS than in healthy controls, indicating the presence of glymphatic system dysfunction in TLE patients with HS. Our study also suggests that the DTI‐ALPS method may be useful for evaluating glymphatic system function in epilepsy.
ENIGMA HALFpipe: Interactive, reproducible, and efficient analysis for resting‐state and task‐based fMRI data
Authors: Waller Lea , Erk Susanne , Pozzi Elena , Toenders Yara J. , Haswell Courtney C. , Büttner Marc , Thompson Paul M. , Schmaal Lianne , Morey Rajendra A. , Walter Henrik , Veer Ilya M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging has led to an increased demand for standardized data processing workflows. Within the ENIGMA consortium, we developed HALFpipe (Harmonized Analysis of Functional MRI pipeline), an open‐source, containerized, user‐friendly tool that facilitates reproducible analysis of task‐based and resting‐state fMRI data through uniform application of preprocessing, quality assessment, single‐subject feature extraction, and group‐level statistics. It provides state‐of‐the‐art preprocessing using fMRIPrep without the requirement for input data in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format. HALFpipe extends the functionality of fMRIPrep with additional preprocessing steps, which include spatial smoothing, grand mean scaling, temporal filtering, and confound regression. HALFpipe generates an interactive quality assessment (QA) webpage to rate the quality of key preprocessing outputs and raw data in general. HALFpipe features myriad post‐processing functions at the individual subject level, including calculation of task‐based activation, seed‐based connectivity, network‐template (or dual) regression, atlas‐based functional connectivity matrices, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), offering support to evaluate a combinatorial number of features or preprocessing settings in one run. Finally, flexible factorial models can be defined for mixed‐effects regression analysis at the group level, including multiple comparison correction. Here, we introduce the theoretical framework in which HALFpipe was developed, and present an overview of the main functions of the pipeline. HALFpipe offers the scientific community a major advance toward addressing the reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging, providing a workflow that encompasses preprocessing, post‐processing, and QA of fMRI data, while broadening core principles of data analysis for producing reproducible results. Instructions and code can be found at https://github.com/HALFpipe/HALFpipe.
Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI
Authors: Singh Kavita , García‐Gomar María Guadalupe , Cauzzo Simone , Staab Jeffrey P. , Indovina Iole , Bianciardi Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory processes are mainly governed by the central nervous system, with brainstem nuclei as relay centers for these crucial functions. Yet, the structural connectivity of brainstem nuclei in living humans remains understudied. These tiny structures are difficult to locate using conventional in vivo MRI, and ex vivo brainstem nuclei atlases lack precise and automatic transformability to in vivo images. To fill this gap, we mapped our recently developed probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas developed in living humans to high‐spatial resolution (1.7 mm isotropic) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 7 Tesla in 20 healthy participants. To demonstrate clinical translatability, we also acquired 3 Tesla DWI with conventional resolution (2.5 mm isotropic) in the same participants. Results showed the structural connectome of 15 autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory (including vestibular) brainstem nuclei/nuclei complex (superior/inferior colliculi, ventral tegmental area‐parabrachial pigmented, microcellular tegmental–parabigeminal, lateral/medial parabrachial, vestibular, superior olivary, superior/inferior medullary reticular formation, viscerosensory motor, raphe magnus/pallidus/obscurus, parvicellular reticular nucleus‐alpha part), derived from probabilistic tractography computation. Through graph measure analysis, we identified network hubs and demonstrated high intercommunity communication in these nuclei. We found good (r = .5) translational capability of the 7 Tesla connectome to clinical (i.e., 3 Tesla) datasets. Furthermore, we validated the structural connectome by building diagrams of autonomic/pain/limbic connectivity, vestibular connectivity, and their interactions, and by inspecting the presence of specific links based on human and animal literature. These findings offer a baseline for studies of these brainstem nuclei and their functions in health and disease, including autonomic dysfunction, chronic pain, psychiatric, and vestibular disorders.
Parameters from site classification to harmonize MRI clinical studies: Application to a multi‐site Parkinson's disease dataset
Authors: C. Monte‐Rubio Gemma , Segura Barbara , P. Strafella Antonio , van Eimeren Thilo , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Diez‐Cirarda Maria , Eggers Carsten , Lucas‐Jiménez Olaia , Ojeda Natalia , Peña Javier , Ruppert Marina C. , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Theis Hendrik , Uribe Carme , Junque Carme 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulti‐site MRI datasets are crucial for big data research. However, neuroimaging studies must face the batch effect. Here, we propose an approach that uses the predictive probabilities provided by Gaussian processes (GPs) to harmonize clinical‐based studies. A multi‐site dataset of 216 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 87 healthy subjects (HS) was used. We performed a site GP classification using MRI data. The outcomes estimated from this classification, redefined like Weighted HARMonization PArameters (WHARMPA), were used as regressors in two different clinical studies: A PD versus HS machine learning classification using GP, and a VBM comparison (FWE‐p < .05, k = 100). Same studies were also conducted using conventional Boolean site covariates, and without information about site belonging. The results from site GP classification provided high scores, balanced accuracy (BAC) was 98.39% for grey matter images. PD versus HS classification performed better when the WHARMPA were used to harmonize (BAC = 78.60%; AUC = 0.90) than when using the Boolean site information (BAC = 56.31%; AUC = 0.71) and without it (BAC = 57.22%; AUC = 0.73). The VBM analysis harmonized using WHARMPA provided larger and more statistically robust clusters in regions previously reported in PD than when the Boolean site covariates or no corrections were added to the model. In conclusion, WHARMPA might encode global site‐effects quantitatively and allow the harmonization of data. This method is user‐friendly and provides a powerful solution, without complex implementations, to clean the analyses by removing variability associated with the differences between sites.
Multi‐trajectory models of serum biomarkers among patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Castañeda‐Avila Maira A. , Lapane Kate L. , Person Sharina D. , Zhou Yanhua , Gurwitz Jerry , Mazor Kathleen M. , Epstein Mara M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM) is needed to identify patients who would benefit from closer clinical surveillance. Given that two of the defining criteria of MM are renal failure and anemia, we described the trajectories of creatinine (Cr) and hemoglobin (Hgb) over time in patients with a diagnosis of MGUS. Patients diagnosed with MGUS (n = 424) were identified by a previously validated case‐finding algorithm using health claims and electronic health record data (2007–2015) and followed through 2018. Group‐based trajectory modeling identified patients with distinct laboratory value trajectories of Cr (mg/dl) and Hgb (g/dl). Most patients were non‐Hispanic White (97.6%) with a mean age of 75 years at MGUS diagnosis. Three multi‐trajectory groups were identified: (1) Normal Cr/Hgb (n = 225; 53.1%)—stable serum Cr levels and decreasing, normal Hgb levels; (2) Normal Cr/lower‐normal Hgb group (n = 188; 44.3%)—stable, slightly elevated levels of Cr and decreasing levels of Hgb; and (3) High Cr/borderline Hgb group (n = 11; 2.6%)—increased Cr levels and stable low levels of Hgb. Patients with MGUS in Group 2 were older than patients in other groups, and patients in group 3 had more comorbidities than participants in all other groups. Few patients developed MM during the study period. We were able to identify distinct biomarker trajectories in patients with MGUS over time. Future research should investigate how these trajectories may be related to the risk of progression to MM, including M‐protein levels.
Elevated serum IL‐13 level is associated with increased Treg cells in tumor microenvironment and disease progression of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Xiao , Liu Mengke , Shi Qing , Fang Ying , Fu Di , Shen Zhi‐xiang , Yi Hongmei , Wang Li , Zhao Weili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoid malignancy, with an immunosuppressive microenvironment affecting clinical outcome. Interleukin (IL)‐13 overexpression is observed in multiple solid tumors and contributes to tumor progression. This study aims to investigate pretreatment serum IL‐13 levels and their relationship with the prognosis of DLBCL patients. One hundred and sixty‐six patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL from June 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with elevated pretreatment serum IL‐13 levels (IL‐13≥1.63 pg/ml) were classified into the high IL‐13 group and they had significantly lower complete remission rate (60% vs. 74%, p = 0.0059), higher progression rate (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.0051), and poor progression‐free survival (2‐year PFS, 63% vs. 78%, p = 0.0078) and overall survival (2‐year OS, 75% vs. 92%, p = 0.0027), when compared to those in the low IL‐13 group (IL‐13<1.63 pg/ml). Meanwhile, increased Treg cell ratio in peripheral blood (p = 0.0147) and elevated serum IL‐2 levels (p = 0.0272) were observed in the high IL‐13 group. Moreover, RNA sequencing data showed that patients in the high IL‐13 group had significantly elevated expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCR4, CCL19, CCL21, CXCL2) related to Treg activation and recruitment. Consistent with the chemokine profile, tumor immunophenotyping analysis revealed that higher Treg cells recruitment in the high IL‐13 group than the low IL‐13 group (p = 0.0116). In vitro, when lymphoma cells co‐cultured with peripheral blood monocytes of healthy controls, metformin down‐regulated both IL‐13 level and Treg cell ratio, in consistent with the decreased serum IL‐13 levels of patients after 6 months of metformin maintenance therapy in the high IL‐13 group. Taken together, pretreatment serum IL‐13 level is related to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor clinical outcome of DLBCL patients and could be targeted by metformin, thus providing a new therapeutic strategy in treating DLBCL with high serum IL‐13 levels.
The use of spider webs in the monitoring of air quality—A review
Authors: Stojanowska Agnieszka , Zeynalli Farhad , Wróbel Magdalena , Rybak Justyna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Methods for using spider webs as passive air samplers have been developed over recent years and reported in more than a dozen articles. In this article, we present the typical procedures followed when using this new tool and critically review its application in air pollution assessment. To understand the state of research and application of spider webs in this field, we describe some advantages and disadvantages of their use in the analyses of air contaminants. The aim is to summarize the current knowledge on this subject, highlight gaps in the present studies, and arouse the interest of scientists on this issue. The increased effort could result in the standardization of the method at the national and international level. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:32–44. © 2022 SETAC
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies: a retrospective case series at an Australian tertiary referral center
Authors: Toh Justine , Deussen Andrea , Yasin Nooraishah , Skubisz Monika , Dodd Jodie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the management, success, and complication rates of women who presented with a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy at an Australian tertiary referral center.MethodsA retrospective case series was undertaken. Patients were identified through the hospital's clinical information services coding system and data were collected from medical records.ResultsA total of 38 cases were identified. Patients who were hemodynamically stable were predominantly managed according to local expertise via intramuscular, intra‐sac methotrexate or a combination of these two. In some cases, surgical management was preferred.ConclusionCesarean scar ectopic pregnancy may be managed both surgically and medically. At institutions where surgical expertise is unavailable, medical management would be valuable with few adverse outcomes identified, provided women have closely monitored follow‐up.