bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Never enough: neoliberalizing Namibian middle-class marriages
Authors: Pauli Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeoliberal ideologies have not only transformed the Namibian economy but also reconfigured some of the most intimate domains of everyday life. In the course of the last forty years, marriage in Namibia has changed from a widespread and affordable life transition to a costly celebration of middle-classness. To be married today is a sign of middle-class achievement, lifestyle and prosperity. The downside of these accomplishments is the middle classes’ fear of failing, especially through divorce. Although Namibian divorce rates are low, most middle-class couples interviewed in 2015–16 in Windhoek were anxious about such an end to marriage. In order to prevent divorce and the loss of a middle-class lifestyle, middle-class couples neoliberalized their marriages. With often cruel determination, many worked as hard as they could to optimize themselves, their marriages and their kin relations. They trimmed their bodies, enhanced their communications skills and supported their kin. As it remained unclear, however, how much optimizing would indeed be enough, their attempts at self-formation had a Sisyphus-like quality. This article builds on the growing literature on the lived experiences of the African middle classes, focusing on how the neoliberalization of Namibian marriages is shaping a new ethics of personhood.
Which has more influence on a family's assessment of the quality of dying of their long-term care resident with dementia: Frequency of symptoms or quality of communication with healthcare team?
Authors: Charest-Drapeau Olivia , Provencher Véronique , Trottier Lise , Léonard Guillaume , Wilchesky Machelle , Bravo Gina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSymptoms present at the end of life and the quality of communication with the healthcare team have both been shown to impact family assessments of the quality of dying of their loved one with dementia. However, the relative contributions of these two factors to family assessments have not yet been investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we explored which of these two factors has more influence on family assessments of the quality of dying of long-term care (LTC) residents with dementia.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of a mortality follow-back study. Ninety-four family members of LTC residents who had died with dementia assessed the quality of dying (very good or not very good), the frequency of symptoms, and the quality of communication with the healthcare team using a self-administered questionnaire mailed 1 month after the resident's death. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relative contributions of the two independent variables of primary interest (frequency of symptoms and quality of communication) to the families’ assessments of the quality of dying.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that the quality of communication with the healthcare team was closely linked to the quality of dying (p = 0.009, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09–1.65), whereas the frequency of symptoms was not (p = 0.142, OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.98–1.11) after controlling for potential confounders.Significance of resultsOur findings show that healthcare providers’ ability to engage in the end-of-life conversations with families outweighs the frequency of symptoms in family assessments of the quality of dying of their relative with dementia. Enhancing healthcare providers’ ability to communicate with families about the end-of-life care could improve families’ perceptions of the quality of dying of their relative with dementia and, consequently, ease their grieving process.
Multiculturalism with Hong Kong Characteristics
Authors: Arat Gizem , Kerelian Narine N. , Dhar Manoj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHong Kong (a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China) is promoted as “Asia’s World City” due to its interconnectivity, East-meets-West geopolitical orientation, and composition of migrants from both Asian and non-Asian countries. Hong Kong-based scholars have suggested that Hong Kong’s policy towards the social inclusion of non-Chinese communities is ambiguous. For example, the Race Discrimination Ordinance (RDO) lacks an informative description of racial discrimination, which may lead to shortcomings in ethnic minority protections under the current social policy for integration (e.g., ethnic minorities’ experiences related to religious discrimination). Most of the non-White ethnic minority population of Hong Kong consists of low-income South Asians and Southeast Asians, with some ethnic groups (e.g., Nepalese) reported to reside in socially segregated districts. Furthermore, scholars have highlighted that current social policy in Hong Kong appears to be partially or completely different from Western-based approaches to multiculturalism, necessitating further examination to promote social inclusion. To fill this gap, this study explores the perspectives of Chinese and non-Chinese individuals regarding multiculturalism in Hong Kong. The study adopts a qualitative research design and includes interviews with twenty ethnically Chinese and non-Chinese teachers serving minorities in Hong Kong. Three themes emerge in this study: 1) a general understanding of multiculturalism as diverse cultural/ethnic backgrounds, mutual understanding and acceptance, and inclusive social harmony and social justice; 2) perceptions of Hong Kong-based multiculturalism and the perceived hierarchy of ethnic groups; and 3) the main differences between Western and Hong Kong-based multiculturalism, including more acceptance of diversity in the West and geographic location. In sum, this study provides recommendations to ensure a respectful and ethical inclusion of non-White ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, such as developing a tailor-made policy.
Norm contestation and the weakening of migrant fisher protection in Thailand
Authors: Auethavornpipat Ruji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2019, Thailand ratified the International Labour Organization Work in Fishing Convention to protect migrant fishers. The Thai government vigorously promoted the Convention among its constituents. Yet, despite the government’s proactivity, such norms have been weakened upon local translation. This phenomenon is not readily explained by existing norms research that pays scant attention to norms in the domestic space. To address this oversight, this article unpacks domestic processes of norm validation and makes a two-step argument. First, it argues that norm validation is crucial for instigating domestic implementation by allowing stakeholders to deliberate and contest the ‘appropriate’ application of norms. Second, it argues that the locally acquired normative understanding, as influenced by norm antipreneurs, or actors who defend the status quo, weakens norm implementation while the norms’ discursive strength is retained. In presenting the findings, this article contributes to the norms literature by illuminating a new life given to validated norms. The contribution also interrogates norms’ global–local dynamics by scrutinizing norm contestation and the extent to which it generates an internalized sense of legal obligation to implement international norms.
A Comparison Between Sea‐Bottom Gravity and Satellite Altimeter‐Derived Gravity in Coastal Environments: A Case Study of the Gulf of Manfredonia (SW Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Zampa L. S. , Lodolo E. , Creati N. , Busetti M. , Madrussani G. , Forlin E. , Camerlenghi A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe marine gravity field derived from satellite altimetry is generally biased in coastal areas by signals back‐scattered from the adjacent land. As a result, the derived gravity anomalies are generally unreliable for geophysical and geological interpretations of near‐shore environments. We compared two different altimetry models with sea‐bottom gravity measurements acquired along the Italian coast to quantify the errors generated by reflections from onshore areas and verify the quality of the geologic models inferred from gravity data. We focused on the Gulf of Manfredonia, in the SE sector of the Adriatic Sea, where (a) two different sea‐bottom gravity surveys have been conducted over the years, (b) the bathymetry is mainly flat, and (c) seismic data has revealed a prominent carbonate ridge covered by hundreds of meters of Oligocene‐Quaternary sediments. Gravity field derivatives have been used to enhance both deep geological contacts and coastal noise. The analyses point to a ringing noise that degrades the altimeter signals up to 17 km from the coast. Differences between observations and gravity calculated from a geological model and constrained by seismic data show that all the data sets investigated register approximately the same interference patterns associated with the Gondola Fault Zone. This study shows the potential for integrating gravity anomalies from satellite altimetry with high‐resolution near‐shore data, such as that provided by sea‐bottom gravity network available around the Italian coasts. Future applications will use this technique to improve the analysis of the connections between marine and inland geology in transitional areas.
A First‐Order Statistical Exploration of the Mathematical Limits of Micromagnetic Tomography
Authors: Out Frenk , Cortés‐Ortuño David , Fabian Karl , van Leeuwen Tristan , de Groot Lennart V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recently developed Micromagnetic Tomography (MMT) technique combines advances in high resolution scanning magnetometry and micro X‐ray computed tomography. This allows precise recovery of magnetic moments of individual magnetic grains in a sample using a least squares inversion approach. Here we investigate five factors, which are governing the mathematical validity of MMT solutions: grain concentration, thickness of the sample, size of the sample's surface, noise level in the magnetic scan, and sampling interval of the magnetic scan. To compute the influence of these parameters, we set up series of numerical models in which we assign dipole magnetizations to randomly placed grains. Then we assess how well their magnetizations are resolved as function of these parameters. We expanded the MMT inversion to also produce the covariance and standard deviations of the solutions, and use these to define a statistical uncertainty ratio and signal strength ratio (SSR) for each solution. We show that the magnetic moments of a majority of grains under the inspected conditions are solved with very small uncertainties. However, increasing the grain density and sample thickness carry major challenges for the MMT inversions, demonstrated by uncertainties larger than 100% for some grains. Fortunately, we can use the SSR to extract grains with the most accurate solutions, even from these challenging models. Hereby we have developed a quick and objective routine to individually select the most reliable grains from MMT results. This will ultimately enable determining paleodirections and paleointensities from large subsets of grains in a sample using MMT.
Geochemical Characterization of the Oman Crust‐Mantle Transition Zone, OmanDP Holes CM1A and CM2B
Authors: Kourim F. , Rospabé M. , Dygert N. , Chatterjee S. , Takazawa E. , Wang K.‐L. , Godard M. , Benoit M. , Giampouras M. , Ishii K. , Teagle D. A.‐H. , Cooper M.‐J. , Kelemen P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transition from the gabbroic oceanic crust to the residual mantle harzburgites of the Oman ophiolite has been drilled at Holes CM1A and CM2B (Wadi Tayin massif) during Phase 2 of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Oman Drilling Project (November 2017–January 2018). In order to unravel the formation processes of ultramafic rocks in the Wadi Tayin massif crust‐mantle transition zone and deeper in the mantle sections beneath oceanic spreading centers, our study focuses on the whole rock major and trace element compositions (together with CO2 and H2O concentrations) of these ultramafic rocks (56 dunites and 49 harzburgites). Despite extensive serpentinization and some carbonation, most of the trace element contents (REE, HFSE, Ti, Th, U) record high temperature, magmatic process‐related signatures. Two major trends are observed, with good correlations between (a) Th and U, Nb and LREE on one hand, and between (b) heavy REE, Ti and Hf on the other hand. We interpret the first trend as the signature of late melt/peridotite interactions as LREE are known to be mobilized by such processes (‘‘lithospheric process’’) and the second trend as the signature of the initial mantle partial melting (‘‘asthenospheric process’’), with little or no overprint from melt/rock reaction events.
How Well Are Sudden Stratospheric Warming Surface Impacts Captured in CMIP6 Climate Models?
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Mitchell Dann M. , Seviour William J. M , Wright Corwin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are associated with episodes of extreme winter weather, often leading to significant societal impacts. Using observations alone, it is hard to quantify the SSW impact on surface extreme weather, because the observational record only covers ∼40 events. Climate models provide an effective way to increase this sample size, potentially into 1000s of events, but only if we trust that they capture SSW processes well. We evaluate the representation of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling associated with SSWs in 10 models from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In general, the models and the reanalysis have different patterns of tropospheric precursors, but similar stratospheric responses to precursors. The individual CMIP6 models capture the main spatial features of surface impact: A negative phase of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), with distinctive alternating positive and negative temperature anomalies across the northern hemisphere. We assess the time evolution of SSW surface impacts for individual models over different regions and construct an overview of how well each model captures surface impacts. Models perform particularly well in simulating the surface impact evolution over the Baffin Bay and Siberia regions. Over the United States, Northwest Europe, and the Middle East, there is less agreement among models. Models underestimate the magnitude of temperature anomalies associated with SSWs over the Middle East and over the Eastern Seaboard of North America, but the magnitude of the circulation responses are comparable with reanalysis.
Assessing the Impact of Weak and Moderate Geomagnetic Storms on UK Power Station Transformers
Authors: Lewis Z. M. , Wild J. A. , Allcock M. , Walach M.‐T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is well documented that space weather can impact electricity infrastructure, and several incidents have been observed in recent decades and directly linked to large geomagnetic storms (e.g., the Hydro Québec incident in 1989). However, less is understood about the impact of lower‐level geomagnetically induced currents on the health of transformers in the long term. In this study, the long term impact of geomagnetic activity on 13 power station transformers in the UK is investigated. Dissolved gas measurements from 2010 to 2015 were used to look for evidence of a link between degradation of the transformer and heightened levels of the global SYM‐H index and as measured at Eskdalemuir magnetometer station in southern Scotland. First, case studies of the most significant storms in this time period were examined using dissolved gas analysis methods, specifically the Low Energy Degradation Triangle. These case studies were then augmented with a statistical survey, including Superposed Epoch Analysis of multiple storm events. No evidence of a systematic space weather impact can be found during this time period, likely owing to the relatively quiet nature of the Sun during this epoch and the modernity of the transformers studied.
Statistics of Multi‐MeV Electron Drift‐Periodic Flux Oscillations Using Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Zhao Hong , Sarris Theodore E. , Li Xinlin , Huckabee Isabella G. , Baker Daniel N. , Jaynes Allison J. , Kanekal Shrikanth G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulti‐MeV electron drift‐periodic flux oscillations observed in Earth's radiation belts indicate radial transport and energization/de‐energization of these radiation belt core populations. Using multi‐year Van Allen Probes observations, a statistical analysis is conducted to understand the characteristics of this phenomenon. The results show that most of these flux oscillations result from resonant interactions with broadband ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and are indicators of ongoing radial diffusion. The occurrence frequency of flux oscillations is higher during high solar wind speed/dynamic pressure and geomagnetically active times; however, a large number of them were still observed under mild to moderate solar wind/geomagnetic conditions. The occurrence frequency is also highest (up to ∼30%) at low L‐shells () under various geomagnetic activity, suggesting the general presence of broadband ULF waves and radial diffusion at low L‐shells even during geomagnetically quiet times and showing the critical role of the electron phase space density radial gradient in forming drift‐periodic flux oscillations.
Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Themens David R. , Watson Chris , Žagar Nedjeljka , Vasylkevych Sergiy , Elvidge Sean , McCaffrey Anthony , Prikryl Paul , Reid Ben , Wood Alan , Jayachandran P. T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we use measurements from over 4,735 globally distributed Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to track the progression of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) associated with the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcanic eruption. We identify two distinct Large Scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) and several subsequent Medium Scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that propagate radially outward from the eruption site. Within 3,000 km of epicenter, LSTIDs of >1,600 km wavelengths are initially observed propagating at speeds of ∼950 and ∼555 ms−1, before substantial slowing to ∼600 and ∼390 ms−1, respectively. MSTIDs with speeds of 200–400 ms−1 are observed for 6 hrs following eruption, the first of which comprises the dominant global ionospheric response and coincides with the atmospheric surface pressure disturbance associated with the eruption. These are the first results demonstrating the global impact of the Tonga eruption on the ionospheric state.
Reduced protection of RIPK3-deficient mice against influenza by matrix protein 2 ectodomain targeted active and passive vaccination strategies
Authors: Oltean Teodora , Ibanez Lorena Itati , Divert Tatyana , Ysenbaert Tine , Van Eeckhoutte Hannelore , Goossens Vera , Schotsaert Michael , Bracke Ken , Schepens Bert , Maelfait Jonathan , Takahashi Nozomi , Saelens Xavier , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRIPK3 partially protects against disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection in the mouse model. Here, we compared the immune protection of active vaccination with a universal influenza A vaccine candidate based on the matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and of passive immunization with anti-M2e IgG antibodies in wild type and Ripk3−/− mice. We observed that the protection against IAV after active vaccination with M2e viral antigen is lost in Ripk3−/− mice. Interestingly, M2e-specific serum IgG levels induced by M2e vaccination were not significantly different between wild type and Ripk3−/− vaccinated mice demonstrating that the at least the humoral immune response was not affected by the absence of RIPK3 during active vaccination. Moreover, following IAV challenge, lungs of M2e vaccinated Ripk3−/− mice revealed a decreased number of immune cell infiltrates and an increased accumulation of dead cells, suggesting that phagocytosis could be reduced in Ripk3−/− mice. However, neither efferocytosis nor antibody-dependent phagocytosis were affected in macrophages isolated from Ripk3−/− mice. Likewise following IAV infection of Ripk3−/− mice, active vaccination and infection resulted in decreased presence of CD8+ T-cells in the lung. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a deficiency in vaccination or an inability following infection. Finally, passively transferred anti-M2e monoclonal antibodies at higher dose than littermate wild type mice completely protected Ripk3−/− mice against an otherwise lethal IAV infection, demonstrating that the increased sensitivity of Ripk3−/− mice could be overcome by increased antibodies. Therefore we conclude that passive immunization strategies with monoclonal antibody could be useful for individuals with reduced IAV vaccine efficacy or increased IAV sensitivity, such as may be expected in patients treated with future anti-inflammatory therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases such as RIPK inhibitors.
A cyclical wildfire pattern as the outcome of a coupled human natural system
Authors: Farkhondehmaal Farshad , Ghaffarzadegan Navid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, wildfire has imposed a considerable cost on natural resources and human lives. In many regions, annual wildfire trends show puzzling oscillatory patterns with increasing amplitudes for burned areas over time. This paper aims to examine the potential causes of such patterns by developing and examining a dynamic simulation model that represents interconnected social and natural dynamics in a coupled system. We develop a generic dynamic model and, based on simulation results, postulate that the interconnection between human and natural subsystems is a source of the observed cyclical patterns in wildfires in which risk perception regulates activities that can result in more fire and development of vulnerable properties. Our simulation-based policy analysis points to a non-linear characteristic of the system, which rises due to the interconnections between the human side and the natural side of the system. This has a major policy implication: in contrast to studies that look for the most effective policy to contain wildfires, we show that a long-term solution is not a single action but is a combination of multiple actions that simultaneously target both human and natural sides of the system.