bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of radiologic and endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy placement: A randomized study
Authors: Mohamed Elfadil Osman , Linch Forrest B. , Seegmiller Sara L. , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Neisen Melissa J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrostomy tubes placed radiologically, endoscopically or surgically facilitate long‐term home enteral nutrition (HEN). Patient‐specific clinical factors may affect placement techniques, confounding direct comparisons between radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) outcomes. This study sought to evaluate the differences in clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrostomy tube placement by interventional radiologists or gastroenterologists.MethodsA single‐center prospective trial randomizing patients initiating HEN to RIG or PEG was conducted between March 2018 and June 2021. Patients were followed until the time of gastrostomy removal or until 9 months after tube placement. Tracked complications included peritonitis, abscess, bleeding, bowel perforation, and tube occlusion, malposition, or damage. Periprocedural pain rating and quality of life (QoL) surveys were collected.ResultsForty‐two patients were randomized to RIG or PEG. Twenty patients underwent RIG (mean age, 63.0 ± 11.7 years; 85% male; 95% with head and neck cancer) and 22 patients underwent PEG (mean age, 66.3 ± 10.9 years; 81.8% male; 90.9% with head and neck cancer). RIG and PEG groups had 4.18 ± 5.49 and 2.80 ± 5.82 complications per 1000 HEN days, respectively (P = 0.357). The most frequent complications were tube malposition and abscess formation for the RIG and PEG groups, respectively. No major complications occurred in either group. There was no difference in the average of pain ratings in all pain inventory components across both groups. Both groups reported improvement in overall QoL after gastrostomy tube placement (P = 0.532).ConclusionRIG is noninferior to PEG regarding complication rates, pain, and QoL when compared in a prospective randomized fashion.
Social representations of tourists' deviant behaviours: An analysis of Reddit comments
Authors: Shaheer Ismail , Carr Neil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTensions between tourists and residents due to the formers' behaviour are frequently observed in destinations. In such a milieu, understanding residents' perception of tourist behaviour is important to help draft policies designed to engender a peaceful co‐existence. Using social representation theory as a lens, this study thematically analysed 2088 comments from 10 subreddits to explore how residents socially define tourists' deviant behaviour. The analysis revealed 13 behaviours that have direct or indirect social, economic and/or environmental impacts from the perspective of residents. The findings have valuable and practical implications for stakeholders in tourism destinations.
Occupational posttraumatic stress disorder and workplace violence in workers’ compensation claims
Authors: Wizner Kerri , Cunningham Katherine , Gaspar Fraser W. , Dewa Carolyn S. , Grunert Brad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActs of violence are the fifth leading cause of nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States. Experiencing a traumatic event at work can have serious mental health consequences, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of PTSD caused by workplace violence (WPV) in a statewide workers’ compensation system and compare the outcomes and treatment of WPV cases versus those caused by other traumatic events. Using a retrospective cohort study design, workers who reported PTSD as the primary reason for a workers’ compensation claim and had no coexisting physical injuries were found in California during 2009–2018. A total of 3,772 PTSD cases were identified, 48.9% of which were attributed to WPV. Demographic risk factors associated with WPV PTSD included lower income, younger age, female gender, and employment in retail or finance, p < .001–p = .007. For individuals who returned to work, claims due to WPV resulted in longer medically approved time away from work than non‐WPV causes (Mdn = 132.5 days vs. Mdn = 91 days, respectively), p < .001. Three of the top 10 most frequently prescribed medications were administered against evidence‐based guidelines. This study found that many treatments prescribed to PTSD patients are based on insufficient evidence, and the provision of existing empirically supported treatments is needed, particularly in generalized populations. The findings support the need for additional recognition of the cause of workplace PTSD to facilitate appropriate referrals to WPV or PTSD specialists to support return‐to‐work efforts.
Evolution of Lung Abnormalities on Lung Ultrasound in Recovery From COVID‐19 Disease—A Prospective, Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Burkert Julia , Jarman Robert , Deol Paramjeet 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesSARS‐CoV‐2 can cause respiratory diseases with various manifestations. However, little is known about its potential for lung recovery. Lung ultrasound has shown characteristic changes during COVID‐19 and has proven to be useful for triage, diagnosis, and therapy. This study investigated how the recovery process from COVID‐19 respiratory disease can be monitored using 12‐zone lung ultrasound.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a busy urban emergency department in London, United Kingdom, over a 20‐week period between April and October 2020. We followed 24 patients recovering from COVID‐19 with varying disease severity using 12‐zone lung ultrasound at 2‐week intervals and monitored the changes in the prevalence of lung abnormalities previously described in COVID‐19 infection (irregular pleura, subpleural consolidation, B‐lines, and small localized effusions).ResultsLung ultrasound showed that the lung recovers significantly over 20 weeks postdisease. Individual lung abnormalities also resolved at different rates. The entire rib space occupied by confluent B‐lines wane after the acute phase, whereas irregular pleura and subpleural consolidations resolved more gradually. Separate wide B‐lines moving with the pleura during respiration may represent more stable features, indicating residual fibrotic changes. Small, localized effusions appear transiently after the initial acute phase of the disease, peaking at approximately 10 weeks after infection. The measured lung abnormalities were strong predictors of perceived shortness of breath during ambulation.ConclusionLung ultrasound can be a useful tool for long‐term monitoring of COVID‐19 lung disease, avoiding repeated exposure to ionizing radiation, and may distinguish between acute and past infections.
Artificial Intelligence‐Augmented Pediatric Lung POCUS: A Pilot Study of Novice Learners
Authors: Nti Benjamin , Lehmann Amalia S. , Haddad Aida , Kennedy Sarah K. , Russell Frances M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveRespiratory symptoms are among the most common chief complaints of pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED). Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) outperforms conventional chest X‐ray and is user‐dependent, which can be challenging to novice ultrasound (US) users. We introduce a novel concept using artificial intelligence (AI)‐enhanced pleural sweep to generate complete panoramic views of the lungs, and then assess its accuracy among novice learners (NLs) to identify pneumonia.MethodsPreviously healthy 0‐ to 17‐year‐old patients presenting to a pediatric ED with cardiopulmonary chief complaint were recruited. NLs received a 1‐hour training on traditional lung POCUS and the AI‐assisted software. Two POCUS‐trained experts interpreted the images, which served as the criterion standard. Both expert and learner groups were blinded to each other's interpretation, patient data, and outcomes. Kappa was used to determine agreement between POCUS expert interpretations.ResultsSeven NLs, with limited to no prior POCUS experience, completed examinations on 32 patients. The average patient age was 5.53 years (±1.07). The median scan time of 7 minutes (minimum–maximum 3–43; interquartile 8). Three (8.8%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia by criterion standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for NLs AI‐augmented interpretation were 66.7% (confidence interval [CI] 9.4–99.1%), 96.5% (CI 82.2–99.9%), and 93.7% (CI 79.1–99.2%). The average image quality rating was 2.94 (±0.16) out of 5 across all lung fields. Interrater reliability between expert sonographers was high with a kappa coefficient of 0.8.ConclusionThis study shows that AI‐augmented lung US for diagnosing pneumonia has the potential to increase accuracy and efficiency.
Viscoelasticity, Tensile Properties, and Microstructure Development in Cyclic Olefin Copolymer/Polyolefin Elastomer Blends
Authors: Pei Xiaoshan , Li Yanxiao , Zhao Shicheng , He Xuelian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe new ethylene/cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) are a major breakthrough in traditional polyolefins made available by metallocenes, but its high brittleness restricts the applications. Ethylene/1‐octene copolymer (POE) with similar backbones is blended with COCs to compensate the rigidity of cyclic segments. Field emission scanning electron microscope photos and Raman spectra demonstrate the existence of abundant phase interfaces between POE and COC, and the phase structure changes from spherical droplets, of partial continuity to cocontinuity with rising POE components. The phase changes are considered as corresponding to the formation, expansion, and coalescence of droplets at melting state according to Van Gurp curves, Han plot, and Cole–Cole plot. Viscoelastic data show that the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity reach a high value at medium POE contents. Furthermore, the tensile strength and fracture energy increases and then decreases, the elongation at break increases and Young's modulus reduces with the increment of POE percentage. Because of the large spherical and ellipsoidal structures and abundant interfaces, the synchronous reinforcement and toughness come true at a medium ratio of POEs. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms the existence of the interfacial layer, and the interfacial layer becomes more pronounced with the rising POE contents exactly as the morphology and rheological findings.
Semi‐Crystalline Polypyrrole with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties Enabled by Air–Water Interface Confined Polymerization
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Tao Qianyi , Zhao Xijun , Tu Yingfeng , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) represents an intriguing class of materials for high‐performance pseudocapacitor electrode due to their fast and reversible Faradaic redox reaction. However, these pseudocapacitors suffer from several disadvantages such as low capacitance and charge/discharge cycling instability, which can be attributed to the poor charge‐transfer capability and stability of PPy. Previously, it is found that charge hopping is more efficient in the crystalline domain of PPy, and thus higher charge‐transfer capability can be achieved from PPy with higher crystallinity. However, the polymerization of pyrrole monomers usually forms randomly entangled chains, which results in PPy with a high fraction of amorphous domains. Therefore, synthesis of PPy with higher crystallinity remains challenging. Here, air–water interface‐confined polymerization (ICP) strategy is introduced to synthesize PPy with enhanced crystallinity. Three kinds of crystalline PPy with different dopants (chlorion ion, 4‐[[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate anion, and β‐naphthalene sulfonate anion) are synthesized via ICP. The PPy synthesized from ICP is demonstrated to have an improved electrochemical performance. This work will shed light on the synthesis methods and mechanisms to form PPy with improved crystallinity and electrochemical performances.
pH‐Sensitive Polymethacrylates as Potential Contrast Agents in 19F MRI
Authors: Zalewski Mariusz , Janasik Dawid , Kapała Anna , Minoshima Masafumi , Sugihara Fuminori , Raj Wojciech , Pietrasik Joanna , Kikuchi Kazuya , Krawczyk Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract19F MRI is a promising method of diagnosis that can complement the commonly used 1H MRI with gadolinium contrast agents. Copolymers containing fluoroorganic groups demonstrate many advantages as potential 19F MRI contrast agents. In this work, a series of copolymers based on 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA), 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (HFiPMA), 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), or 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) units are prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization. The highest S/N values in a 19F NMR spectra is achieved with a copolymer containing 15–25 wt% TFEMA or 18–22 wt% HFiPMA. Copolymers of HFiPMA show a strong effect of pH on T1 and T2 relaxation times while only T2 is significantly affected for the TFEMA copolymers. DFT calculations reveal that the phenomenon is most likely caused by the pH‐induced changes in the distance of fluoroorganic groups within a polymer chain.
Feeling judged? How the presence of outgroup members promotes healthier food choices
Authors: Touré‐Tillery Maferima , Steinmetz Janina , DiCosola Blake 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present article examines how the presence of others from a different social group (i.e., outgroup audience) influences consumers' food choices relative to the presence of others from their own social group (i.e., ingroup audience). In four studies, using various types of group memberships (race, university affiliation, and work affiliation), we first find that consumers are more likely to make healthy food choices in the presence of racial (Study 1) and university (Study 2) outgroup (vs. ingroup) audiences. Then, using an experimental causal‐chain mediation approach, we show this effect occurs because consumers anticipate more negative judgment from outgroup (vs. ingroup) audiences (Studies 3a and 3b). We discuss the possible role of outgroup contact and diversity in promoting healthy eating.
Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization of Achiral Monomers for the Preparation of Chiral Helical Polyacetylenes Showing Intense CPL in Solid Film State
Authors: Yang Kai , Ma Shuo , Zhang Yingjie , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolymer‐based circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have attracted ever‐increasing interest. However, to construct CPL materials from achiral monomers is still a big challenge. Here, a series of chiral helical substituted polyacetylenes are prepared by helix‐sense‐selective polymerization (HSSP) of achiral acetylenic monomers (achiral monomer + fluorescent monomer). HSSPs are accomplished in a bi‐solvent mixture consisting of chloroform and chiralα‐pinene (chiral component). Chirality transfers from the chiral component to the helical copolymers during polymerization, thereby endowing the copolymers with helical chirality. The resulting copolymers are then fabricated into blend films which exhibit intense optical activity and CPL. The monomer ratio and the physical state of the copolymers have significant impacts on their chiroptical and CPL properties. The maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor of the blend films can be up to 1.3 × 10−2. The universality of the established strategy for exploring polymer‐based CPL materials is demonstrated by using different achiral fluorescent monomers. The present work opens a novel alternative for developing CPL‐active polymeric materials starting from achiral monomers.
Vertical Line Requirements and North Atlantic Right Whale Entanglement Risk Reduction for the Gulf of Maine American Lobster Fishery
Authors: Willse Nathaniel , Summers Erin , Chen Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the U.S. western Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis are subject to gear entanglement in fixed-gear vertical line fisheries, with mortality risk increasing with line strength and spatial density. U.S. federal management agencies have mandated vertical line strength limits (235.033-kg-m [1,700-ft-lb] breaking strength) to curtail the injury and mortality risk that entanglement poses to right whales. Limiting the strength of vertical lines used in the trap fishery for American lobster Homarus americanus, however, could negatively impact the economic resilience of New England fishing communities if it forces the purchase of new equipment or increases the incidence of break-offs and lost gear. We provide a novel look at the spatially distinct vertical line strength requirements for the Maine American lobster trap fishery. The hauling load requirements of the fishery were modeled using measurements of strain put on vertical lines used in typical lobster trap operations to determine the minimum strength necessary to fish safely and avoid dangerous line breaks. New regulations on minimum trawl lengths (number of traps fished per vertical line) taking effect in 2022 will cause increases in lobster fishery vertical line loads across all fishing grounds, considerably increasing with depth and distance from shore. Our models indicated that inshore areas can be safely fished with vertical lines within the recommended whale-safe 235.033-kg-m (1,700-ft-lb) breaking strength specification, whereas the offshore lobster fishery will need a suite of measures beyond line strength reductions to reduce entanglement risk and mortality of right whales. We provide guidelines for the minimum line strength necessary for fishery operations, which can be used to inform management goals that balance the need for a sustainable lobster fishery and the conservation of right whales.
Quality management system and design of an integrated mesoscale meteorological network in Central Italy
Authors: Silvestri Lorenzo , Saraceni Miriam , Bongioannini Cerlini Paolina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current evolution of numerical weather prediction models, climate applications, warning and decision support systems needs more information at increasingly finer scales. In this context, mesoscale meteorological networks (mesonets) can provide essential observations for the international community. However, they often suffer from the absence of a national and international coordination, scarce maintenance, inadequate data quality and redundancy. An integrated network design and the implementation of a unified quality management system could reveal the full socio‐economical benefits of mesonet information. This study provides a general procedure to realize an efficient and high‐quality mesonet starting from existing fragmented networks. The process starts by defining a network quality management system (NQMS), which is responsible for the station maintenance and the data quality control (QC) procedures. Stations are first classified based on their primary purpose, their landscape and the instruments siting and exposure in the station enclosure. Then, their quality performances are evaluated by a complex QC system made by numerous QC tests, whose specifications are tailored to the main surface observations. Finally, an integrated network design procedure is provided to identify observational lack and planning site interventions. The design is based on the purpose of the network and all the information gathered by the NQMS. Spatial, meteorological, climate and financial considerations are then used to decide whether to add, remove or modify observations. This procedure is tested in the Umbria region, Central Italy, where its implementation would lead to a considerable advancement in terms of regional weather and climate services.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis based on cell‐free DNA for tuberous sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Yan , Meng Yan , Wang Yang‐Yang , Lu Yan‐Ping , Wang Qiu‐Hong , You Yan‐Qin , Xie Xiao‐Xiao , Bai Ling , Fang Nan , Zou Li‐Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) based on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has been introduced into the clinical application for some monogenic disorders but not for tuberous sclerosis (TSC) yet, which is an autosomal dominant disease caused by various variations in TSC1 or TSC2 gene. We aimed to explore the feasibility of NIPD on TSC.MethodsWe recruited singleton pregnancies at risk of TSC from 14 families with a proband child. Definitive NIPD for TSC was performed using targeted next‐generation sequencing of cfDNA in parallel with maternal white blood cell DNA (wbcDNA). The NIPD results were validated by amniocentesis or postnatal gene testing and follow‐up of the born children.ResultsMissense mutations, nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, and splice‐site variants which were obtained through de‐novo, maternal, or paternal inheritance were included. The mean and minimum gestational weeks of NIPD were 17.18 ± 5.83 and 8 weeks, respectively. The NIPD results were 100% consistent with the amniocentesis or postnatal gene testing and follow‐up of the born children.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that NIPD based on cfDNA is feasible for TSC, but required to be confirmed with more samples. Studies on TSC can contribute to the application and promotion of NIPD for monogenic disorders.
Evaluating Single- Versus Chase-Boat Low-Frequency Electrofishing for Assessing Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish Populations in a Large River
Authors: Pritt Jeremy J. , Tyszko Stephen M. , Conroy Joseph D. , Zweifel Richard D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fisheries managers commonly use low-frequency electrofishing to survey Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris and Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus populations; however, inconsistent methods prohibit comparisons among studies. Here, we simultaneously sampled Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish to compare single- and chase-boat low-frequency electrofishing configurations in five Ohio River navigational pools and inform standard sampling of these catfishes. Our objectives were to (1) compare Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish CPUE among length categories, (2) evaluate the prevalence of high-catch samples, and (3) determine the number of 15-min electrofishing sites needed to achieve predefined precision and catch objectives between single- and chase-boat configurations. The chase-boat configuration produced greater catches of both Flathead Catfish (mean total CPUE was 44.6 fish/h for the chase-boat configuration versus 32.8 fish/h for the single-boat configuration) and Blue Catfish (mean total CPUE of 6.8 fish/h for the chase-boat configuration versus 2.8 fish/h for the single-boat configuration). Zero-inflated negative binomial models revealed that CPUE was greater with the chase boat for both Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish across substock, stock–quality, and quality and larger length categories. High-CPUE samples (total CPUE &gt;52 Flathead Catfish/h or &gt;8 Blue Catfish/h) were more likely with the chase-boat configuration than the single-boat configuration. We found that a similar number of sites were needed to achieve the precision objective (relative standard error of CPUE &lt;25%) for both configurations for Flathead Catfish; however, to achieve the precision objective for Blue Catfish, more single-boat sites/pool were needed compared to chase-boat sites/pool. To achieve the catch objective (capture 100 stock-length catfish/pool), more single-boat sites/pool were needed than chase-boat sites/pool for both species. Our results suggest that using a chase boat better indexes the abundance of Flathead and Blue catfish, particularly when high catches are possible. However, more research is needed to inform the standardization of low-frequency electrofishing for sampling catfishes in large river systems.