bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elegies of Chu
(
Chuci
)
Authors: Williams Nicholas Morrow 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The
Elegies of Chu
is the second major anthology of Chinese poetry after the
Book of Songs
(
Shijing
), and a landmark in the literary, cultural, and religious history of China. The anthology contains seventeen works having diverse origins, but all associated either directly or indirectly with the ancient state of Chu in southern China. The language of the poems often reflects singular features of Chu culture, ranging from local dialect to shamanism. The anthology also contains the first poetic voice attributed to a distinct individual, the courtier Qu Yuan, who is said to have drowned himself in protest against poor governance. Thus the primary interest of the anthology is as an unparalleled source for understanding the concerns of Chu elites during the Warring States era. The majority of the poems in the anthology, however, were compiled during the Han dynasty, and so it is also important as a document of the evolving preoccupations of Han scholars.
Language Use in Medieval Nubia
Authors: Ochała Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the multilingual society of medieval Nubia as many as four languages were used in written communication. Apart from the local Old Nubian language, Greek, Sahidic Coptic, and Arabic were also employed for composing texts of both literary and documentary genres. While many texts could be written in any of the four languages, a functional differentiation can be observed regarding certain domains of Nubian literacy. Moreover, throughout centuries of coexistence, the languages interacted with one another resulting in a number of language contact phenomena.
Palaces, Kushite
Authors: Maillot Marc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe majority of Kushite urban sites contain a large number of palaces. This is the case in the ancient capital, Meroe, with both buildings M294 and M295 in the “royal city,” and the large structure M750, close to the Amun temple. Palaces are also found in several religious centers such as Jebel Barkal and Naqa. Medium‐sized cities in the Island of Meroe such as Wad ben Naqa, el‐Hassa, and Muweis also contained palaces. Although in many respects these buildings are very different from their Egyptian counterparts, there is, in the current state of research, a relative continuity of the symbolic value of palatial buildings in Sudan. The implementation of a new palace is a major event, because the building represents the creative role of the sovereign and restorer of the world order. The structure must embody these meanings by showing them in its functional aspects. Through a comparative approach, the palatial buildings are placed in the urban network, especially in their relationship with the main temple of the city.
Mind your words: Affective experience during reading mediates the effect of textual valence on comprehension
Authors: Smith Shelby L. , Ward Richard T. , Allen Laura K. , Wormwood Jolie B. , Mills Caitlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn today's society, we are constantly absorbing information via text (e.g., news, social media), much of which may be affectively charged. However, to date, little is known about how the affective framing of the text itself may give rise to various affective experiences during reading. We examined how subtle changes to wording (negatively or positively valenced framing of the same content) influenced affective experiences during reading and subsequent comprehension. Results show that (a) affective framing in text elicited congruent subjective affective states throughout reading, (b) subjective affective valence throughout reading impacted comprehension at various levels, and (c) subjective affective valence mediated the relationship between affective framing and how participants integrated information from the text in their summaries, as well as if they included affect in their summaries. This indicates that even subtle affectively valenced content in text can indirectly influence some aspects of comprehension through eliciting subjective affective experiences in the reader.
Dynamic Ionic Transport Actuated by Nanospinbar‐Dispersed Colloidal Electrolytes Toward Dendrite‐Free Electrodeposition
Authors: Lim Minhong , Kim Suhwan , Kang Junsik , Jin Dahee , An Hyeongguk , Lee Hyuntae , Park Joonam , Lee Mingyu , Seo Jiyeon , Lee Hochun , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInhibiting uneven dendritic Li electroplating is crucial for the safe and stable cycling of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Homogeneous and fast Li+ transport towards the Li surface is required for uniform and dendrite‐free deposition. However, the traditional ionic transport of static liquid electrolytes involving electromigration and molecular diffusion can trigger a greater disparity in the Li concentration over the Li surface, leading to irregular dendrite growth. Here, a convective Li+ transfer for suppressing dendrite growth through magnetic nanospinbar (NSB)‐dispersed colloidal electrolytes is presented. An ultrahigh‐aspect‐ratio NSB consisting of a paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle array and silica outer coating is synthesized. Manipulating the external electromagnetic force can remotely control the rotation of individual NSBs without dispersion failure, thereby generating mesoscale turbulence inside the cells. Regardless of the electrolyte composition, rotating the NSB can reduce the Li+ diffusion layer thickness from the bulk and evenly redistribute the Li+ flux over the Li surface, thereby suppressing Li dendrite growth. The NSB‐dispersed electrolyte with advanced salt/solvent compositions demonstrates stable cycling of LMBs over 600 cycles with 70% capacity retention, thereby outperforming the NSB‐free cell.
Recent Progress of Y6‐Derived Asymmetric Fused Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zhang Youdi , Ji Yutong , Zhang Yingyue , Zhang Wenqiang , Bai Helong , Du Mengzhen , Wu Han , Guo Qing , Zhou Erjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSymmetric conjugated molecules can be broken through suitable synthetic strategies to construct novel asymmetric molecules, which can largely broaden the material library. In the field of organic solar cells, fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) with the A‐DA'D‐A type backbone structure have attracted much attention and enabled power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 18%. Among them, Y6 is one of the most classic FREAs that can derive many symmetric and asymmetric molecules and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. Thus, in this review, the focus is on the recent progress of Y6‐derived asymmetric FREAs containing a dipyrrolobenzothiadiazole segment, which can be classified as the following three categories: asymmetric end group, asymmetric central core and asymmetric side chain. The relationship of the molecular structure, optoelectronic properties, and device performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the future design directions and challenges faced by this kind of photovoltaic materials are given.
A Two‐Step Flexible Ultrasound Strategy to Enhance Tumor Radiotherapy via Metal–Phenolic Network Nanoplatform
Authors: Tian Ye , Sang Wei , Tian Hao , Xie Lisi , Wang Guohao , Zhang Zhan , Li Wenxi , Dai Yunlu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe tumor hypoxic microenvironment is a dynamic status that is closely related to tumor growth, metastasis, clearance, and recurrence. Hypoxic conditions are present in almost all tumors, which greatly reduce the clinical effects of tumor therapy. Considering the physical tolerance and dose‐related side effects of clinical cancer radiotherapy (RT) patients, herein, a universal two‐step strategy is designed based on safe, noninvasive, deep penetration, and intensity‐controlled ultrasound method to alleviate hypoxia and enhance tumor RT. The first step is to alleviate the tumor hypoxia by physical stimulation from noninvasive and controllable low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). In the second step, based on the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, PEG‐polyphenols are applied to encapsulate radiosensitizers platinum (Pt) and assembled with sonosensitizers PEG‐purpurin 18 (PEG‐P18) into nanoparticles (NPs) as PP18‐Pt NPs with good biocompatibility and pharmacokinetic properties in combination with RT and sonodynamic therapy to achieve a high level of reactive oxygen species‐mediated tumor oxidative stress. The results show that LIPUS is a safe modality to effectively modulate hypoxia levels. The two‐step strategy based on PP18‐Pt NPs can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer tumors and activate the body's antitumor immune response.
Triclinic Metamaterials by Tristable Origami with Reprogrammable Frustration
Authors: Liu Ke , Pratapa Phanisri P. , Misseroni Diego , Tachi Tomohiro , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGeometrical‐frustration‐induced anisotropy and inhomogeneity are explored to achieve unique properties of metamaterials that set them apart from conventional materials. According to Neumann's principle, to achieve anisotropic responses, the material unit cell should possess less symmetry. Based on such guidelines, a triclinic metamaterial system of minimal symmetry is presented, which originates from a Trimorph origami pattern with a simple and insightful geometry: a basic unit cell with four tilted panels and four corresponding creases. The intrinsic geometry of the Trimorph origami, with its changing tilting angles, dictates a folding motion that varies the primitive vectors of the unit cell, couples the shear and normal strains of its extrinsic bulk, and leads to an unusual Poisson effect. Such an effect, associated with reversible auxeticity in the changing triclinic frame, is observed experimentally, and predicted theoretically by elegant mathematical formulae. The nonlinearities of the folding motions allow the unit cell to display three robust stable states, connected through snapping instabilities. When the tristable unit cells are tessellated, phenomena that resemble linear and point defects emerge as a result of geometric frustration. The frustration is reprogrammable into distinct stable and inhomogeneous states by arbitrarily selecting the location of a single or multiple point defects. The Trimorph origami demonstrates the possibility of creating origami metamaterials with symmetries that are hitherto nonexistent, leading to triclinic metamaterials with tunable anisotropy for potential applications such as wave propagation control and compliant microrobots.
The Energy Level Conundrum of Organic Semiconductors in Solar Cells
Authors: Bertrandie Jules , Han Jianhua , De Castro Catherine S. P. , Yengel Emre , Gorenflot Julien , Anthopoulos Thomas , Laquai Frederic , Sharma Anirudh , Baran Derya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe frontier molecular energy levels of organic semiconductors are decisive for their fundamental function and efficiency in optoelectronics. However, the precise determination of these energy levels and their variation when using different techniques makes it hard to compare and establish design rules. In this work, the energy levels of 33 organic semiconductors via cyclic voltammetry (CV), density functional theory, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and low‐energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy are determined. Solar cells are fabricated to obtain key device parameters and relate them to the significant differences in the energy levels and offsets obtained from different methods. In contrast to CV, the photovoltaic gap measured using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) correlates well with the experimental device VOC. It is demonstrated that high‐performing systems such as PM6:Y6 and WF3F:Y6, which are previously reported to have negligible ionization energy (IE) offsets (ΔIE), possess sizable ΔIE of ≈0.5 eV, determined by PES. Using various D–A blends, it is demonstrated that ΔIE plays a key role in charge generation. In contrast to earlier reports, it is shown that a vanishing ΔIE is detrimental to device performance. Overall, these findings establish a solid base for reliably evaluating material energetics and interpreting property–performance relationships in organic solar cells.
Unraveling the Correlation between Raman and Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 through Machine‐Learning Models
Authors: Lu Ang‐Yu , Martins Luiz Gustavo Pimenta , Shen Pin‐Chun , Chen Zhantao , Park Ji‐Hoon , Xue Mantian , Han Jinchi , Mao Nannan , Chiu Ming‐Hui , Palacios Tomás , Tung Vincent , Kong Jing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with intense and tunable photoluminescence (PL) have opened up new opportunities for optoelectronic and photonic applications such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and single‐photon emitters. Among the standard characterization tools for 2D materials, Raman spectroscopy stands out as a fast and non‐destructive technique capable of probing material's crystallinity and perturbations such as doping and strain. However, a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between photoluminescence and Raman spectra in monolayer MoS2 remains elusive due to its highly nonlinear nature. Here, the connections between PL signatures and Raman modes are systematically explored, providing comprehensive insights into the physical mechanisms correlating PL and Raman features. This study's analysis further disentangles the strain and doping contributions from the Raman spectra through machine‐learning models. First, a dense convolutional network (DenseNet) to predict PL maps by spatial Raman maps is deployed. Moreover, a gradient boosted trees model (XGBoost) with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to bridge the impact of individual Raman features in PL features is applied. Last, a support vector machine (SVM) to project PL features on Raman frequencies is adopted. This work may serve as a methodology for applying machine learning to characterizations of 2D materials.
Asymmetric CoN3P1 Trifunctional Catalyst with Tailored Electronic Structures Enabling Boosted Activities and Corrosion Resistance in an Uninterrupted Seawater Splitting System
Authors: Wang Xingkun , Zhou Xinkun , Li Cheng , Yao Hanxu , Zhang Canhui , Zhou Jian , Xu Ren , Chu Lei , Wang Huanlei , Gu Meng , Jiang Heqing , Huang Minghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmploying seawater splitting systems to generate hydrogen can be economically advantageous but still remains challenging, particularly for designing efficient and high Cl−‐corrosion resistant trifunctional catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, single CoNC catalysts with well‐defined symmetric CoN4 sites are selected as atomic platforms for electronic structure tailoring. Density function theory reveals that P‐doping into CoNC can lead to the formation of asymmetric CoN3P1 sites with symmetry‐breaking electronic structures, enabling the affinity of strong oxygen‐containing intermediates, moderate H adsorption, and weak Cl− adsorption. Thus, ORR/OER/HER activities and stability are optimized simultaneously with high Cl−‐corrosion resistance. The asymmetric CoN3P1 structure based catalyst with boosted ORR/OER/HER performance endows seawater‐based Zn–air batteries (S‐ZABs) with superior long‐term stability over 750 h and allows seawater splitting to operate continuously for 1000 h. A self‐driven seawater splitting powered by S‐ZABs gives ultrahigh H2 production rates of 497 μmol h−1. This work is the first to advance the scientific understanding of the competitive adsorption mechanism between Cl− and reaction intermediates from the perspective of electronic structure, paving the way for synthesis of efficient trifunctional catalysts with high Cl−‐corrosion resistance.
Light‐Driven Shape Memory of 3D‐Printed PEEK for Programmable Actuations
Authors: Yang Xichen , Chen Wenhui , Liu Haiyang , Yang Baisong , Xie Yu , Wang Ye , Lei Yifeng , Xue Longjian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRemotely controllable actuation of engineering polymers is highly demanded in the fast‐developing intelligent society. Here, this work demonstrates that the programmable shape memory of 3D‐printed poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), which is an excellent engineering material, could be driven by both ultraviolet (UV) light and natural sunlight. The shape recovery ratio reaches 97.6% and could be finely regulated by defining the sample thickness, shape programming, way of placement, and light intensity. Light‐induced continuous, sequential, and programed actuations (shape recovery) are further realized in various 3D‐printed PEEK structures. Meanwhile, the coating of a thin layer of gold is proven to be effective in anti‐UV oxidation and the enhancing of shape recovery. Moreover, natural sunlight during daytime is demonstrated to be able to induce the shape recovery of 3D‐printed PEEK in outdoor environment. The work here can pave the way for the use of PEEK as a smart material in the fields such as aerospace and intelligent industry.
Toward Automated Computational Discovery of Battery Materials
Authors: Feng Xiang , Zhang Qianfan , Seh Zhi Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew rechargeable batteries with high energy density and low cost have been intensively explored, but their commercialization still faces multiple challenges involving battery materials and interfaces. Some difficulties faced by battery materials are that a single material often needs to possess multiple functions, and also needs to be cheap, easy to prepare, safe, and environmentally friendly. Recent developments in workflow managers (WMs) along with continuously increasing computing power have enabled the automated computational workflow method. Using this method, the WM can execute the predesigned research workflow to study tens of thousands of materials and screen out materials that meet the multiple requirements. In this perspective, a critical overview of the automated computational workflows is presented, focusing on the high‐throughput study of battery materials. First, an introduction to the automated computational workflow as well as commonly used WMs will be given. Next, the latest works and methods to build such automated workflows are presented. Finally, an outlook on the existing challenges and future directions to drive computational and experimental developments in this nascent field is provided.
Nano‐Optical Engineering of Anisotropic Phonon Resonances in a Hyperbolic α‐MoO3 Metamaterial
Authors: Ye Ming , Qiang Bo , Zhu Song , Dai Mingjin , Wang Fakun , Luo Yu , Wang Qian , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional α‐phase molybdenum trioxide (α‐MoO3), a layered van‐der‐Waals (vdW) semiconductor, has emerged as an attractive natural hyperbolic material supporting mid‐infrared hyperbolic phonon polaritons (PhPs), which exhibit strong spatial confinement and low loss. With the advantages of strong in‐plane optical anisotropy, many efforts have been devoted to investigating the properties of hyperbolic PhPs in α‐MoO3 using scanning near‐field optical microscopy. However, the studies of far‐field controlling of hyperbolic PhPs in α‐MoO3 have been quite limited so far. This work reports the first experimental demonstration of far‐field excitation and manipulation of hyperbolic phonon resonances in metamaterial structures consisting of α‐MoO3 nanodisks and slabs. The excited phonon resonances show a maximum spatial confinement factor (free space wavelength/period) of 32 and a quality factor of 76. It is shown that the in‐plane phonon resonances in α‐MoO3 can be selectively excited in the two Reststrahlen bands featuring hyperbolic dispersion relations along its two crystal directions, by simply controlling the incident polarization. In addition, the relative strength of resonances along different in‐plane crystal directions and the resultant field distributions can be continuously reconfigured by varying the incident polarization angle. These findings pave the way for future development of novel nanophotonic devices based on hyperbolic PhPs in vdW materials.
COVID‐19 test positivity by occupation using the Delphi US COVID‐19 trends and impact survey, September–November 2020
Authors: Cox‐Ganser Jean M. , Henneberger Paul K. , Weissman David N. , Guthrie Garret , Groth Caroline P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential for work to be a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was recognized early in the pandemic based on the likelihood of work‐related differences in exposures to COVID‐19 in different occupations. Due to intense demands of the pandemic, implementation of recommendations to collect information on occupation in relation to COVID‐19 has been uneven across the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate COVID‐19 test positivity by occupation.MethodsWe analyzed data collected from September 8 to November 30, 2020, by the Delphi Group at Carnegie Mellon University US COVID‐19 Trends and Impact Survey, offered daily to a random sample of US‐based Facebook users aged 18 years or older, who were invited via a banner in their news feed. Our focus was ever testing positive for COVID‐19 in respondents working outside the home for pay in the past 4 weeks.ResultsThe major occupational groups of “Production", "Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance,” “Construction and extraction,” “Healthcare support,” and “Food preparation and serving” had the five highest test positivity percentages (16.7%–14.4%). Highest detailed occupational categories (28.6%–19.1%) were “Massage therapist,” “Food processing worker,” “Bailiff, correctional officer, or jailer,” “Funeral service worker,” “First‐line supervisor of production and operating workers,” and “Nursing assistant or psychiatric aide.” Differences in test positivity by occupation remained after adjustment for age, gender, and pre‐existing medical conditions.ConclusionInformation on differences in test positivity by occupation can aid targeting of messaging for vaccination and testing and mitigation strategies for the current and future respiratory infection epidemics and pandemics. These results, obtained before availability of COVID‐19 vaccines, can form a basis for comparison to evaluate impacts of vaccination and subsequent emergence of viral variants.
Cathodic Radical Cyclisation of Aryl Halides Using a Strongly‐Reducing Catalytic Mediator in Flow
Authors: Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Teuten Alexander E. , Salam‐Perez Mateo , Pearce James E. , Denuault Guy , Pletcher Derek , Parsons Philip J. , Harrowven David C. , Brown Richard C. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectro‐reductive radical cyclisation of aryl halides affords the corresponding hetero‐ and carbo‐cycles in an undivided flow reactor equipped with steel and carbon electrodes using an organic mediator. A dissolving metal anode is not needed, and the mediator can be employed in a sub‐stoichiometric amount (0.05 equiv), increasing the practical utility of cathodic radical cyclisation. The methodology is applied to O‐, N‐, and C‐tethers, yielding tricyclic fused and spiro systems. In the absence of mediator, the major pathway is hydrogenolysis of the C−X bond, a 2 e− process occurring at the cathode. Predominance of the radical pathway in presence of a strongly reducing mediator (M) is consistent with homogeneous electron‐transfer in a reaction layer detached from the cathode surface, where the flux of M.− leaving the electrode is such that little aryl halide reaches the cathode.