bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalization of Aperiodic Electrocorticography Components Indicates Fine Motor Recovery After Sensory Cortical Stroke in Mice
Authors: Biskamp Jonatan , Isla Cainzos Sara , Higgen Focko L. , Gerloff Christian , Magnus Tim 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Electrophysiological signatures of ischemic stroke might help to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of recovery. However, to identify critical windows for novel treatment approaches, suitable readout parameters in vivo with the potential to close the gap between functional modifications within the peri-infarct cortex and behavioral outcome on the systems-level are still lacking.

Methods:
Wild-type mice were trained in a skilled reaching task and underwent permanent distal medial cerebral artery occlusion or sham intervention. Functional deficits and their recovery were monitored both behaviorally and electrophysiologically recording multichannel electrocorticography from both hemispheres.

Results:
Ischemic strokes are located in sensory cortical areas. Affected mice presented fine motor deficits of their contralateral forepaw. Analyses of electrocorticography signals from awake animals demonstrated a modulation of the shape of power spectral density in the vicinity of the infarct. While power spectral density consists of both rhythmic oscillatory and nonrhythmic, aperiodic components, the alteration of spectrum shape was reflected in a transient increase of aperiodic exponents in the peri-infarct cortex. The relative power and frequency of slow oscillations remained unchanged. Exponents derived from motor areas significantly correlated with fine motor recovery, thus indicating functional modifications of neuronal activity.

Conclusions:
Aperiodic spectral exponents exhibited a unique spatiotemporal profile in the mouse cortex after stroke and might complement future translational studies providing a dynamic link from pathophysiology to behavior.
Beefy Outlaws: Beef Consumption in Water Margin and Its Song-Yuan Antecedents
Authors: Yue Isaac 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When it comes to the favorite food of the outlaws of Mount Liang, beef is the undisputed champion. The 120-chapter edition of Water Margin has nearly 50 scenes that depict the heroes feasting heartily on beef. The next most frequently evoked type of meat is mutton, but the number of times it is mentioned is only half that of beef and the relevant scenes are depicted with far less detail. Because cattle slaughter and the sale of beef were strictly forbidden during the Song dynasty, an expanding community of researchers considers this choice of food as a subtle reflection of the bandits’ defiance of law and order. However, this school of thought has yet to sufficiently take into account several elements, including the extent to which this law was enforced during the Song dynasty, when the adventures of Song Jiang and his sworn brothers took place; society’s attitude toward beef consumption during this same period; the compilation of the novel in the Ming dynasty and the author’s awareness of historical facts; and the limited presence of beef in the Song-Yuan antecedents of the novel.
Taking these points into consideration, this article reexamines the motif of beef consumption in Water Margin and the development of this theme through a historical lens. To do so, it first focuses on the legal issues pertaining to cattle slaughter and the sale of beef during the Song dynasty. Particular attention is paid to the enforcement of relevant laws and the circulation and popularity of black-market beef during this period. Then, it highlights the discrepancies between the way in which beef consumption is presented in the Ming novel and historical facts, followed by a discussion of the portrayal of meat consumption in Yuan dramas featuring Song Jiang and his gang of outlaws. In the end, by thoroughly considering the presentation of food in the developmental history of Water Margin, from Yuan dramas to the Ming novel, this article sheds light on the importance of this subject as a literary motif in medieval Chinese literature.
The Elusive zemskii sbor, or: Taxation without Representation in Russian Turkestan?
Authors: Penati Beatrice 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Historiography on the sblizhenie effort is abundant, as is the scholarship on the variable geometries of citizenship (grazhdanstvennost’) in reference to Tsarist Turkestan and to other parts of the Russian empire. More generally, the existence of local self-government organs, or zemstva, gradually introduced across parts of the empire from the 1860s onwards, was indeed one of the proxies for the degree of integration of a certain province or gubernia within the imperial fabric. Crucially, the zemstva were responsible for raising and spending a specific local tax, the zemskii sbor, which could be used for various tasks often close to the heart of local communities and their elites, from infrastructure to schooling and public hygiene. In Turkestan, zemstva did not exist when Lykoshin or Pahlen were writing – and were not established even during the revolution. The zemskii sbor, however, was regularly collected. This essay explains how the zemskii sbor was calculated and paid in Turkestan – an aspect still murky in the extant historiography. This is done on the basis of published and archival documents which include quantitative data, especially templates of tax ledgers and budgetary compilations, as well as by commenting on several flashpoints in the history of this tax in the region. The relation between the zemskii sbor and other levies is also clarified. In addition, the last part of the essay identifies how the revenue from the zemskii sbor was spent in Turkestan, and how this changed over time in the last decades of colonial rule. Knowing how the money was spent is relevant for understanding the implications of the absence of local government organs to preside over such expenditure.
Becoming Behbudiy
Authors: Welsford Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mahmud Khwajah b. Bihbud Khwajah, more commonly known to posterity as Behbudiy, is widely regarded as a foundational figure in the Muslim reformist movement that took shape in early 20th-century Turkestan. But while an inordinate number of studies have discussed his journalistic, literary, pedagogical and political activities, very little work has been done to consider his legal career. Drawing on a range of archival materials held at the Uzbekistan Central State Archive, the present article explores Behbudiy’s activities as a Muslim jurist, and shows how a better understanding of these activities can help to contextualise, and in some cases to ironise, the political vision he articulated in his well-known writings. The article concludes by considering the currently ongoing debate between those historians of modern Central Asia who emphasise the significance of Behbudiy and other so-called Jadids and those who reject such a view, and suggests that the picture of Behbudiy that emerges from our archivally-focused study offers a point of congruence between these two contending opinions.
From Folk Epics to Epic Monuments: Studying and Publishing Epic Lore in the Soviet Union (1920s–1960s)
Authors: Jacquesson Svetlana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, I problematize the existing analyses of the 1952 conference on the Manas epic either as a salvage operation conducted by USSR Academy of Sciences or as a locally mounted defence in response to the party-led offensive against Turkic national epics. I argue that notwithstanding the efforts invested in the elaboration of a distinctively Soviet approach to the study of folklore – an approach of a Marxist-Leninist extraction articulated around the concept of “folkness” – in the case of epics the boundary between “folk” and “national” remained blurred and easily instrumentalized, both by the detractors of epic lore and by its defenders. Until the early 1950s this blurred boundary led to frequent and abrupt movements between celebrating epics and castigating them, movements that were as much contingent on USSR domestic policies as on its frantic desire to distance Soviet scholarly traditions from “bourgeois” science. I also posit that because of the uncertain boundary between “folk” and “national” and the propensity of these concepts to feed from and spill into politics and geopolitics, the “solution” to the 1952 crisis, pace Bennigsen (1975), could not have been political. Instead, the 1952 Manas conference helped save epic lore in the Soviet Union only to the extent that it triggered a series of follow-up events at which metropolitan scholars reconceptualised epic lore from folk epics that were crucial for the identity of Soviet nations and the vitality of their national literatures to “epic monuments” that were irreversibly consigned to the past. Such a reconceptualization helped solve some of the dilemmas pestering the work of epic scholars and reassert the renown of the Soviet Union as the land of epic treasure trove.
Down and Out in Khandu and Qarakhoja: An Autobiography from Late Qing Turfan
Authors: Schluessel Eric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the summer of 2014, I ran across a short (21-folio) manuscript in the collection of the Institute for Oriental Manuscripts (Institut Vostochnix Rukopisiei) in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Dmitrieva catalog of Turkic manuscripts at the IVR describes the manuscript as follows: “Autograph by a poor man from Qarakhoja in Xinjiang with information about the life of Uyghurs at that time.” It was written in or before 1909. Qarakhoja is a town in the Turfan Depression in eastern Xinjiang, and this text is a memoir or autobiography of a literate but not wealthy man named Obulmahdi (Abū ‘l-Mahdī), recounting his life from his childhood in the 1850s through the first decade of the twentieth century. It presents a record of a complex life on the margins of society in the last years of the Qing empire’s (1636/44–1912) rule in Xinjiang.
At the Coronation! A Khivan Ambassador Makes It to Moscow (1762)
Authors: Abdurasulov Ulfat , Sartori Paolo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on documentary material collected from the archives in Astrakhan and Moscow, the present article sheds light on a Khivan embassy to Moscow in 1762 for the coronation of Empress Catherine II. Prior to this diplomatic mission, Khivan diplomats had sought with little success to be granted access to the Romanovs’ court. While this mission was little different from those that preceded it, the political circumstances in Russia within which it took place were significantly distinct; and against this political backdrop, the mission seems to have acquired unexpected significance. Indeed, the visit of the Khivan envoy in 1762 was clearly welcomed by Catherine herself who, lacking any legal claim to the Romanov throne – either by heredity or by designation – was eager to attract as many foreign emissaries to her coronation ceremony as possible. Yet the proposals of the Khivan envoy regarding the current state of trade across the Caspian Sea elicited great interest and were embraced by some factions at court. In this article we recount the story of this embassy and present several documents originally written in eighteenth-century Cyrillic handwriting (skoropis’) which surround this specific diplomatic encounter.
Science Applications of Phased Array Radars
Authors: Kollias Pavlos , Palmer Robert , Bodine David , Adachi Toru , Bluestein Howie , Cho John Y. N. , Griffin Casey , Houser Jana , Kirstetter Pierre. E. , Kumjian Matthew R. , Kurdzo James M. , Lee Wen Chau , Luke Edward P. , Nesbitt Steve , Oue Mariko , Shapiro Alan , Rowe Angela , Salazar Jorge , Tanamachi Robin , Tuftedal Kristofer S. , Wang Xuguang , Zrnić Dusan , Treserras Bernat Puigdomènech 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phased array radars (PARs) are a promising observing technology, at the cusp of being available to the broader meteorological community. PARs offer near-instantaneous sampling of the atmosphere with flexible beam forming, multifunctionality, and low operational and maintenance costs and without mechanical inertia limitations. These PAR features are transformative compared to those offered by our current reflector-based meteorological radars. The integration of PARs into meteorological research has the potential to revolutionize the way we observe the atmosphere. The rate of adoption of PARs in research will depend on many factors, including (i) the need to continue educating the scientific community on the full technical capabilities and trade-offs of PARs through an engaging dialogue with the science and engineering communities and (ii) the need to communicate the breadth of scientific bottlenecks that PARs can overcome in atmospheric measurements and the new research avenues that are now possible using PARs in concert with other measurement systems. The former is the subject of a companion article that focuses on PAR technology while the latter is the objective here.
The Creation of a Research Television Studio to Test Probabilistic Hazard Information with Broadcast Meteorologists in NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed
Authors: Obermeier Holly B. , Berry Kodi L. , Klockow-McClain Kimberly E. , Campbell Adrian , Carithers Caroline , Gerard Alan , Trujillo-Falcón Joseph E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Broadcast meteorologists play an essential role in communicating severe weather information from the National Weather Service to the public. Because of their importance, researchers incorporated broadcast meteorologists in the development of probabilistic hazard information (PHI) in NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed. As part of Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETs), PHI is meant to bring additional context to severe weather warnings through the inclusion of probability information. Since this information represents a shift in the current paradigm of solely deterministic NWS warnings, understanding end user needs is paramount to create usable and accessible products that result in their intended outcome to serve the public. This paper outlines the establishment of “K-Probabilistic Hazard Information Television” (KPHI-TV), a research infrastructure under the Hazardous Weather Testbed created to study broadcast meteorologists and PHI. A description of the design of KPHI-TV and methods used by researchers are presented, including displaced real-time cases and semistructured interviews. Researchers completed an analysis of the 2018 experiment, using a quantitative analysis of television coverage decisions with PHI, and a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews. Results indicate that no clear probabilistic decision thresholds for PHI emerged among the participants. Other themes arose, including the relationship between PHI and the warning polygon, and communication challenges. Overall, broadcast participants preferred a system that includes PHI over the warning polygon alone, but raised other concerns, suggesting iterative research in the design and implementation of PHI should continue.

Significance Statement
Broadcast meteorologists are the primary source of severe weather warning information for the U.S. public. As a result, researchers at NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies developed a mock television studio to allow broadcast meteorologists to use and communicate experimental products “on air” as part of the research-and-development process. Feedback provided by broadcasters is incorporated into products through an iterative process. Since 2016, 18 broadcasters have tested probabilistic hazard information at the warning time scale (0–1 h) for severe wind and hail, tornadoes, and lightning.
Effect of layering angles on shape memory properties of graphene oxide/carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composites prepared by vacuum infiltration hot pressing system
Authors: Xu Yi , Ma Yuqin , Wang Gangfeng , Xu Wei , Zhao Tingting , Li Fei , Guo Haiyin 
Published: June 2022

Seven groups of different layering angles of Graphene oxide/Carbon fiber (GO-CF) hybrid reinforced shape memory composites are prepared by vacuum infiltration hot pressing system. The layering angles are respectively [0°]4, [±15°]s, [±30°]s, [±45°]s, [±60°]s, [±75°]s, and [90°]4. The shape fixation ratio, shape recovery ratio, and shape recovery driving force of GO-CF hybrid reinforced shape memory composites are investigated. The composite with the layering angle of [0°]4 has the minimum shape fixation ratio of 90.9%, the maximum shape recovery ratio of 97.6%, and the maximum recovery force of 2.83 N. Compared to [0°]4, the composite with the layering angle of [90°]4 has the 9.13% higher shape fixation ratio, but it has 16.1% lower shape recovery ratio and 59.4% lower recovery force. The microstructure of the composites is characterized and the microstructure of seven groups of composites is satisfactory. Therefore, the matrix within each group of composites has a similar effect on the shape memory properties of the composites. With the layering angle increased, the fiber resilience in the axial direction (X-direction) and the accumulated internal stress gradually decrease. With the layering angle increased, the shape fixation ratio and recovery time of GO-CF hybrid reinforced shape memory composites increase, while the shape recovery ratio, recovery force, and recovery rate decrease.
Reconstruction of the Nose After Unilateral Cheilouranoplasty
Authors: Vissarionov Vladimir A. , Mustafaev Magomet Sh. , Mustafaeva Sofiyat M. , Karyakina Irina A. , Kuzhonov Dzhambulat T. , Mustafaev Muslim Sh. 
Published: June 2022

Congenital clefts of the maxillofacial area still remain of current interest in reconstructive facial surgery. While their frequency grows up, the issues of effective surgical primary and secondary interventions are not completely solved yet. The article presents the main problems associated with the elimination of the deformations and our modifications of methods for their correction. The study was conducted based on the Centre [2] and the University [1], Russian Federation. The project was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, mnemocode 0669-2020-0008. The research is based on the results of complex treatment of 112 patients with unilateral clefts of the upper lip and palate from the age of 5 to 34 years, 68 patients of them also carried out secondary surgeries. The methods of performing rhinocheiloplasty by moving a “sliding” flap, of eliminating a ctenoid plica appearing after primary surgeries are presented, described, explained, and substantiated in the article. The proposed methods gave a good or satisfactory result in 92.8% of the operated patients, which allows them to be considered effective for eliminating congenital and postoperative nasal deformities in patients with facial clefts. : The surgical methods of eliminating congenital and postoperative deformities of the nose in patients with facial clefts should be modified in accordance with the nature of the most frequently arising shortcomings of the surgical stages of correction.
Glaucoma management in congenital ectropion uveae: Surgical outcomes from a large tertiary referral center in South India
Authors: Mandal Anil K , Gothwal Vijaya K 
Published: June 2022

Purpose To evaluate the long-term outcomes of glaucoma management in patients with congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) over a period of three decades at a single large referral tertiary eye care center. Methods Retrospective chart review of all patients with CEU treated surgically from 1990 to 2019 was performed. Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT), trabeculectomy with and without mitomycin-C (MMC) (0.2 mg/mL for 1 min) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) were performed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥6 and ≤16 mmHg without medications was considered as complete success and IOP≤ 16 mmHg with the use of upto 2 medications as qualified success. Results A total of 26 eyes of 21 patients were identified with a median age of 7 years (range, 6 days to 19 years) at the time of glaucoma surgery. Median follow-up was 51.1 months (range, 7–244.6 months). Primary CTT was performed in 17 eyes (65%), trabeculectomy in 5 eyes (19%) with application of MMC in 2 eyes, and 3 eyes (12%) underwent TSCPC. One painful blind eye (4%) underwent evisceration. Mean IOP reduced from 30.8 ± 7.6 mmHg on a mean of 1.3 ± 0.8 glaucoma medications preoperatively to a mean IOP of 15.2 ± 5.9 mmHg (P < 0.0001) on a mean of 0.2 ± 0.5 medications postoperatively at final follow-up (P = 0.0009). Complete success was achieved in 20 eyes, and qualified success in 2 eyes. Conclusions CTT is a safe and efficacious primary procedure for management of early-onset glaucoma in CEU. Trabeculectomy with or without adjuvant MMC is a viable second line of treatment in late-onset glaucoma with CEU for IOP control.
Association of Cardiac Arrest With Opioid Overdose in Transport
Authors: Ritter Marissa L , Bohr Adam D , McQueen Matthew B 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Drug overdose is the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States. It has been linked to respiratory depression and cardiac toxicity, both of which can lead to cardiac arrest. Despite this potential association, few studies have examined this relationship, particularly in transport to the hospital. The purpose of this research was to determine if there was a relationship between opioid overdose and cardiac arrest in transport. Methods: A sample (n = 1 000 000) was utilized from the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) from the year 2019. A logistic regression model was used to predict cardiac arrest from dispatch reason with gender, race, and age included as controls. Results: Overdose-related dispatch reason was associated with an increased likelihood of cardiac arrest in transport (Odds Ratio = 1.65, 95% Confidence Interval: [1.22, 2.22]). Conclusions: Opioid overdose is associated with an increased incidence of cardiac arrest in transport in the United States.
Clinical and financial impacts of flexible intramedullary nailing in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures: A case–control study
Authors: Leuba Aline , Ceroni Dimitri , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Lutz Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Flexible intramedullary nailing is regularly applied for pediatric displaced unstable forearm fractures. When compared to closed reduction and casting (orthopedic treatment), flexible intramedullary nailing decreases malalignment, shortens immobilization time, and should decrease follow-up controls. Comparing flexible intramedullary nailing and orthopedic treatment in the clinical, radiological, and financial managements of these fractures was performed. Methods: Retrospective 5 years study of pediatric cases in two pediatric orthopedic university departments. Treatment method, post-operative course, and radiological follow-up were reviewed. Number of radiographs, follow-up controls, type and duration of immobilization, final bone angulation, and reported complications were compared. Extensive financial analysis was completed. Results: Of 73 girls and 168 boys included in the study, 150 were treated by flexible intramedullary nailing and 91 by orthopedic treatment. No difference was noted with regard to total number of radiographs (7.3 vs 7.2, respectively). Total number of follow-ups was 6.4 and 5.5, respectively. Malalignment occurred in two flexible intramedullary nailing and sixteen orthopedic treatments. The least expensive cost was ambulatory orthopedic treatment. Conclusion: Flexible intramedullary nailing treated children had similar numbers of radiographs or follow-up consultation, but less malunion when compared to orthopedic treatment. Orthopedic management was systematically cheaper than flexible intramedullary nailing. Unless post-operative management guidelines decreasing the number of radiographs and follow-ups are implemented, flexible intramedullary nailing will remain a costly procedure when compared to conventional orthopedic treatment. Level of evidence: level III case–control retrospective study.