bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprospecting endophytic fungi for bioactive metabolites and use of irradiation to improve their bioactivities
Authors: El-Sayed El-Sayed R. , Hazaa Magdia A. , Shebl Magdy M. , Amer Mahmoud M. , Mahmoud Samar R. , Khattab Abeer A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe search for new bioactive compounds with innovative modes of action and chemistry are desperately needed to tackle the increased emergence of drug-resistant microbes. With this view, this paper was conducted for the isolation, identification, and biological evaluation of fungal endophytes of eleven different plant species. A total of 69 endophytic strains were isolated and tested for the presence of bioactive metabolites with antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties in their extracts. Upon screening, two promising strains were found to have all the before-mentioned activities. These strains were Aspergillus sydowii isolated from the bark of Ricinus communis and Aspergillus flavus isolated from the twigs of Psidium guajava. Major compounds present in extracts of the two strains were identified by GC-Mass analyses. Several well-known bioactive compounds as well as unreported ones were identified in the fungal extracts of the two strains. Furthermore, gamma irradiation (at 1000 Gy) of the fungal cultures resulted in improved bioactivities of extracts from the two strains. These findings recommend the two fungal strains as sources of antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant compounds which may aid in the development of novel drugs. The presented research also explains the high-value of fungal endophytes as untapped sources of bioactive metabolites.
What evidence exists on the links between natural climate solutions and climate change mitigation outcomes in subtropical and tropical terrestrial regions? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Cheng Samantha H. , Costedoat Sebastien , Sterling Eleanor J. , Chamberlain Catherine , Jagadish Arundhati , Lichtenthal Peter , Nowakowski A. Justin , Taylor Auset , Tinsman Jen , Canty Steven W. J. , Holland Margaret B. , Jones Kelly W. , Mills Morena , Morales-Hidalgo David , Sprenkle-Hyppolite Starry , Wiggins Meredith , Mascia Michael B. , Muñoz Brenes Carlos L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Natural climate solutions (NCS)—actions to conserve, restore, and modify natural and modified ecosystems to increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—are increasingly regarded as important pathways for climate change mitigation, while contributing to our global conservation efforts, overall planetary resilience, and sustainable development goals. Recently, projections posit that terrestrial-based NCS can potentially capture or avoid the emission of at least 11 Gt (gigatons) of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, or roughly encompassing one third of the emissions reductions needed to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals by 2030. NCS interventions also purport to provide co-benefits such as improved productivity and livelihoods from sustainable natural resource management, protection of locally and culturally important natural areas, and downstream climate adaptation benefits. Attention on implementing NCS to address climate change across global and national agendas has grown—however, clear understanding of which types of NCS interventions have undergone substantial study versus those that require additional evidence is still lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic map to collate and describe the current state, distribution, and methods used for evidence on the links between NCS interventions and climate change mitigation outcomes within tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Results of this study can be used to inform program and policy design and highlight critical knowledge gaps where future evaluation, research, and syntheses are needed.

Methods
To develop this systematic map, we will search two bibliographic databases (including 11 indices) and 67 organization websites, backward citation chase from 39 existing evidence syntheses, and solicit information from key informants. All searches will be conducted in English and encompass subtropical and tropical terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, mangroves, agricultural areas). Search results will be screened at title and abstract, and full text levels, recording both the number of excluded articles and reasons for exclusion. Key meta-data from included articles will be coded and reported in a narrative review that will summarize trends in the evidence base, assess gaps in knowledge, and provide insights for policy, practice, and research. The data from this systematic map will be made open access.
Dietary ellagic acid ameliorated Clostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers via regulating inflammation and cecal microbiota
Authors: Tang Yu , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Yanan , Guo Yongpeng , Zhu Peiqi , Li Guiguan , Zhang Jianyun , Ma Qiugang , Zhao Lihong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE), a common intestinal disease of broiler caused by Clostridium perfringens, could reduce production performance of broilers by chronic intestinal damage and poor absorption of nutrients. Ellagic acid (EA) has been reported to present antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on human and animals in many aspects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and mechanism of EA in relieving SNE in broilers induced by C. perfringens.

Results
C. perfringens challenge decreased body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), jejunal villi height/crypt depth (V/C) ratio, the activity of catalase (CAT) and the mRNA expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa of broilers. While feed conversion ratios (FCR), jejunal crypt depth (CD), the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and diamine oxidase (DAO), as well as the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in serum, the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lysozyme (LZM), the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the mRNA expressions of claudin-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR-4, TLR-2, NF-κB, JAK3, STAT6 and iNOS in jejunal mucosa of broilers were increased by C. perfringens challenge. Dietary EA supplement relieved these adverse effects, and heightened jejunal villi height (VH), the concentration of D-xylose in plasma, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the mRNA expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa of broilers. The alpha diversity of cecal microbiota indicated that dietary EA supplement increased observed species and Shannon index. C. perfringens challenge increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota in cecal microbiota. EA increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in cecal microbiota. LEfSe analysis showed that C. perfringens challenge triggered the imbalance of cecal microbiota in broilers, dietary EA supplementation led to a small beneficial effect on microbiota, while the simultaneous effect of them seemed to stimulate the immune function of broilers by improving the microbiota balance.

Conclusions
Dietary EA ameliorated C. perfringens-induced SNE in broilers via regulating jejunal inflammation signaling pathways TLR/NF-κB and JAK3/STAT6, relieving jejunal oxidative stress and balancing cecal microbiota to inhibit intestinal barrier damage, prevent systemic inflammatory response and improve nutrient absorption capacity, finally protect and enhance growth performance of broilers.
Diversity and distribution of sulfur metabolic genes in the human gut microbiome and their association with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wolf Patricia G. , Cowley Elise S. , Breister Adam , Matatov Sarah , Lucio Luke , Polak Paige , Ridlon Jason M. , Gaskins H. Rex , Anantharaman Karthik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence implicates microbial sulfidogenesis as a potential trigger of colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge of sulfur metabolism within the human gut. Microbial sulfidogenesis produces genotoxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human colon using inorganic (sulfate) and organic (taurine/cysteine/methionine) substrates; however, the majority of studies have focused on sulfate reduction using dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr).ResultsHere, we show that genes for microbial sulfur metabolism are more abundant and diverse than previously observed and are statistically associated with CRC. Using ~ 17,000 bacterial genomes from publicly available stool metagenomes, we studied the diversity of sulfur metabolic genes in 667 participants across different health statuses: healthy, adenoma, and carcinoma. Sulfidogenic genes were harbored by 142 bacterial genera and both organic and inorganic sulfidogenic genes were associated with carcinoma. Significantly, the anaerobic sulfite reductase(asr)genes were twice as abundant asdsr, demonstrating that Asr is likely a more important contributor to sulfate reduction in the human gut than Dsr. We identified twelve potential pathways for reductive taurine metabolism and discovered novel genera harboring these pathways. Finally, the prevalence of metabolic genes for organic sulfur indicates that these understudied substrates may be the most abundant source of microbially derived H2S.ConclusionsOur findings significantly expand knowledge of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. We show that genes for microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut are more prevalent than previously known, irrespective of health status (i.e., in both healthy and diseased states). Our results significantly increase the diversity of pathways and bacteria that are associated with microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. Overall, our results have implications for understanding the role of the human gut microbiome and its potential contributions to the pathogenesis of CRC.
An open invitation to productive conversations about feminism and the spectrum of eating disorders (part 1): basic principles of feminist approaches
Authors: LaMarre Andrea , Levine Michael P. , Holmes Su , Malson Helen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the long history of feminist research in the field and the clear relevance of questions of gender to this sphere, many continue to question the relevance of feminism for understanding and treating eating disorders in 2022. In this set of two papers, we explore some of the tensions, omissions and misconceptions which surround feminist approaches to eating disorders. At the core of these two papers is our assertion that such approaches can make significant contributions in the eating disorders field along six key lines: enriching the science of eating disorders, unpacking diagnostics, contextualizing treatment and prevention, attending to lived experiences, diversifying methodologies, and situating recoveries. In this first paper, we outline what feminist approaches are and dig into some key tensions that arise when feminist approaches come to the table. These include critiques of sociocultural approaches to understanding eating disorders, the relationship between feminist approaches and biological and genetic attributions for eating disorders, and the role of men. We then offer a key contribution that feminist approaches have made to eating disorders scholarship: an invitation to unpack diagnostic approaches and situate eating disorders within the landscape of food, weight, and shape concerns in the twenty-first century.
Plural city: layered singularities and urban design: case of Belgrade City (RS)
Authors: Beretić Nađa , Đukanović Zoran , Campus Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA growing urban population, a new social dynamism, and fast-changing urban contexts, together with a lack of urban planning, lead to intensifying contradictions that threaten to harness urban prosperity, cohesion, and sustainability. All this creates a need for reframing the perspective on the city and its management. By analysing connecting concepts to the plural city in literature, the paper offers new ways of understanding and reading the city. We describe plural qualities of an inclusive city from the perspective of urban design—a city as a plurality of unique places and subjectivities in time—i.e. the plural city. Following the case study methodology, we critically discussed and evaluated the case of Belgrade as a plural city due to its lasting diversity and heterogeneity in both urban matrix and social tissue. As a result, we defined the elements, relationships, and plurality of views within the plural city in multiscale. Based on 18-years of experience gained through the Public art & Public space program, we have shown that public art strategies can be used as a method and tool to initiate spatial transformations and offer different ways of experiencing the urban landscape.
The Islamic art and design elements applied in the Islamic city
Authors: Dariyadi Moch Wahib , Baydoun Ziad , Kamarudin Zumahiran , Murtadho Nurul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is supposed to have three art components by giving an Islamic identity: geometric, floral, and Islamic calligraphy. Putrajaya is created to present the Islamic city in Malaysia. The Islamic art components are highly applied to the buildings' motif and ornamentations. However, the element of calligraphy is missing in the overall features of the Islamic city patterns. Therefore, this study aims to identify the Islamic components in Putrajaya's administrative public buildings. Then, to analyze the Islamic decorative elements and highlight the importance of calligraphy in determining the building's character and identity as one of the main elements that should be applied to Putrajaya's administrative public buildings. This paper is analyses a few important buildings in the city of Putrajaya. Most of the required data were collected by doing photographic documentation and on-site studies besides semi-structured interviews with the government. The researcher chose Putrajaya city to be the selected research area, focusing on the public and administrative buildings. The researcher had picked a few examples of public buildings for the study. In each building, the researcher recognizes the applied Islamic element that can found in it. These buildings are the Moroccan pavilion, Putra Mosque, The Ministry of Finance, Masjid Tuanku, Mizan Zainal Abidin, and Complex Islam Putrajaya. The analyses determine several types of elements and components with the tangible and intangible qualities that articulate their compositional order. Each type of component carries a special meaning and symbolization of Islamic culture. It is essential to apply calligraphy to represent the complete form of Islamic heritage. Further research is essential to create a guideline to help the designers and architects by providing the Islamic city's best image.
Graphical Abstract
Impact of APOE genotype on prion-type propagation of tauopathy
Authors: Williams Tristan , Ruiz Alejandra Jolie , Ruiz Angelica Maria , Vo Quan , Tsering Wangchen , Xu Guilian , McFarland Karen , Giasson Benoit I. , Sullivan Patrick , Borchelt David R. , Chakrabarty Paramita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApolipoprotein (APOE) is a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the E2, E3 and E4 isoforms differentially regulating the burden of AD-associated neuropathologies, such as amyloid β and tau. In AD, pathological tau is thought to spread along neuroanatomic connections following a prion-like mechanism. To provide insights into whether APOE isoforms differentially regulate the prion properties of tau and determine trans-synaptic transmission of tauopathy, we have generated human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice (PS19) that carry human APOE (APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4) or mouse Apoe allele. Mice received intrahippocamal injections of preformed aggregates of K18-tau at young ages, which were analyzed 5 months post-inoculation. Compared to the parental PS19 mice with mouse Apoe alleles, PS19 mice expressing human APOE alleles generally responded to K18-tau seeding with more intense AT8 immunoreactive phosphorylated tau athology. APOE3 homozygous mice accumulated higher levels of AT8-reactive ptau and microgliosis relative to APOE2 or APOE4 homozygotes (E3 > E4~2). PS19 mice that were heterozygous for APOE3 showed similar results, albeit to a lesser degree. In the timeframe of our investigation, we did not observe significant induction of argentophilic or MC1-reactive neurofibrillary tau tangle in PS19 mice homozygous for human APOE. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study in rodent models that provides neuropathological insights into the dose-dependent effect of APOE isoforms on phosphorylated tau pathology induced by recombinant tau prions.
Conventional use and sustainable valorization of spent egg-laying hens as functional foods and biomaterials: A review
Authors: Fan Hongbing , Wu Jianping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpent hen are egg-laying hens reaching the end of their laying cycles; billions of spent hens are produced globally each year. Differences in people’s attitudes towards spent hen as foods lead to their different fates among countries. While spent hens are consumed as raw or processed meat products in Asian countries such as China, India, Korea, and Thailand, they are treated as a byproduct or waste, not a food product, in the western society; they are instead disposed by burial, incineration, composting (as fertilizers), or rendering into animal feed and pet food, which either create little market value or cause animal welfare and environmental concerns. Despite being a waste, spent hen is a rich source of animal proteins and lipids, which are suitable starting materials for developing valorized products. This review discussed the conventional uses of spent hens, including food, animal feed, pet food, and compost, and the emerging uses, including biomaterials and functional food ingredients. These recent advances enable more sustainable utilization of spent hen, contributing to alternative solutions to its disposal while yielding residual value to the egg industry. Future research will continue to focus on the conversion of spent hen biomass into value-added products.
Graphical abstract
Detection of intestinal colonization by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Egypt
Authors: El-Defrawy Inas , Gamal Doaa , El-Gharbawy Rania , El-Seidi Eman , El-Dabaa Ehab , Eissa Somaya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The irrational use of carbapenems in the last years lead to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This study aimed at determining the prevalence of CRE intestinal carriage among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt, to characterize carbapenemase-producing genes and to identify possible risk factors of CRE colonization. One hundred rectal swabs were collected from patients within 48 h of hospital admission. Culture was done on chromogenic media and then identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using Vitek 2 compact system. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by Rapidec Carba NP test and by multiplex PCR for blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like, blaIMP-like and blaKPC-like.

Results
A total number of 36 CRE isolates were recovered from 28 patients. Thus, the prevalence of CRE colonization was 28%. Escherichia coli (83%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%) were the main species. History of recent hospitalization and prior antibiotic intake were statistically significant risk factors predisposing to CRE colonization. Rapidec Carba NP gave positive results in 29/36 CRE isolates, whereas seven isolates gave negative results; six of them harbored blaOXA-48-like. Overall, the blaOXA-48-like was detected in 24/36 (66.7%), followed by blaNDM-like in 11/36 (30.6%) and lastly blaVIM-like in 1/36 (2.8%).

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that CRE colonization is disseminating in our healthcare facility, a fact that should be considered as possible pathogens causing infections in high risk patients. Strict infection control measures should be applied to all CRE carriers at hospital admission and a proper antimicrobial stewardship program should be followed in clinical settings.
Stepwise approach to preserve the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Abdelaal Taha Mohamed , Khazbak Alaa Omar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Most of the surgeons tend to avoid exposing and identification the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroidectomy. In this study, our aim is to assess sequential steps to ligate superior thyroid vessels safely away from the External branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN).

Methods
This prospective case series study was conducted on 60 patients going for either total or hemi thyroidectomy in a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2016 and June 2019. During thyroidectomy, firstly we skeletonized the upper pole of the thyroid gland by its capsular dissection followed by anterolateral down retraction of the superior pole. Then, entry and opening of the cricothyroid space and lastly clamping and ligating superior thyroid pedicle close to the upper pole away from EBSLN.

Results
This study included 60 cases; 19 total thyroidectomy and 41 hemi thyroidectomy with 79 superior thyroid vessels ligation and EBSLN at risk. In all patients, no evidence of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) palsy or bleeding was detected. Postoperative video laryngoendoscopy showed apparently normal mobility, length, level, and position of the vocal folds with symmetry of the larynx. The patients’ voice showed no changes from preoperative evaluation in all studied patients at 3 months postoperative evaluation. No patients complained of any changes in their voice or voice activities.

Conclusion
The described stepwise approach for preservation of the EBSLN serves to completely remove the superior pole of the thyroid gland and ligate superior thyroid vascular pedicle without risk of SLN injury.
Suicide trends in Norway during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A register-based cohort study
Authors: Stene-Larsen K. , Raknes G. , Engdahl B. , Qin P. , Mehlum L. , Strøm M. S. , Reneflot A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to an increase in suicides. Several reports from the first months of the pandemic showed no increase in suicide rates while studies with longer observation times report contrasting results. In this study, we explore the suicide rates in Norway during the first year of the pandemic for the total population as well as for relevant subgroups such as sex, age, geographical areas, and pandemic phases.MethodsThis is a cohort study covering the entire Norwegian population between 2010 and 2020. The main outcome was age-standardized suicide rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) in 2020 according to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. This was compared with 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) based on the suicide rates between 2010 and 2019.ResultsIn 2020, there were 639 suicides in Norway corresponding to a rate of 12.1 per 100,000 (95% PI 10.2–14.4). There were no significant deviations from the predicted values for suicides in 2020 when analyzing age, sex, pandemic phase, or geographical area separately. We observed a trend toward a lower than predicted suicide rate among females (6.5, 95% PI 6.0–9.2), and during the two COVID-19 outbreak phases in 2020 (2.8, 95% PI 2.3–4.3 and 2.8, 95% CI 2.3–4.3).ConclusionThere is no indication that the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in suicide rates in Norway in 2020.