bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MNE and its subsidiaries at times of global disruptions: An international relations perspective
Authors: Meyer Klaus E. , Li Chengguang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThe global economy has recently entered a period of disruptions, increasing barriers to cross‐border business and potentially inhibiting the merits and legitimacy of integrated global strategies. We explore how three major disruptions in the global economy (reduced people mobility, divergent national regulatory institutions, and anti‐globalization populism) affect the strategies of multinational enterprises, and, in particular, the role of their foreign subsidiaries. These external disruptions call for a reassessment of theories regarding the nature of global strategy and the interaction between businesses and their political environment. Specifically, we argue that the international relations perspectives of realism, liberalism, and constructivism help explain the nature of the disruptions, and hence can inform strategy scholarship in explaining and examining strategic responses to such external disruptions.Managerial SummaryFirms establish subsidiaries abroad in order to exploit the opportunities of globalization to the benefit of their shareholders and other stakeholders. However, the global economy has recently entered a period of disruptions that include reduced people mobility, divergent national regulatory institutions, and increased anti‐globalization populism. We argue that these disruptions will not only create new operational challenges for global strategies and new needs for local adaptation but may even challenge the legitimacy of global business models. We turn to political science for explanations and find that three paradigms of international relations offer contrarian predictions not only on the big disruptions but also on the ability of MNEs to influence political processes driving the disruptions.
Spatiotemporally resolved multivariate pattern analysis for M/EEG
Authors: Higgins Cameron , Vidaurre Diego , Kolling Nils , Liu Yunzhe , Behrens Tim , Woolrich Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn emerging goal in neuroscience is tracking what information is represented in brain activity over time as a participant completes some task. While electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) offer millisecond temporal resolution of how activity patterns emerge and evolve, standard decoding methods present significant barriers to interpretability as they obscure the underlying spatial and temporal activity patterns. We instead propose the use of a generative encoding model framework that simultaneously infers the multivariate spatial patterns of activity and the variable timing at which these patterns emerge on individual trials. An encoding model inversion maps from these parameters to the equivalent decoding model, allowing predictions to be made about unseen test data in the same way as in standard decoding methodology. These SpatioTemporally Resolved MVPA (STRM) models can be flexibly applied to a wide variety of experimental paradigms, including classification and regression tasks. We show that these models provide insightful maps of the activity driving predictive accuracy metrics; demonstrate behaviourally meaningful variation in the timing of pattern emergence on individual trials; and achieve predictive accuracies that are either equivalent or surpass those achieved by more widely used methods. This provides a new avenue for investigating the brain's representational dynamics and could ultimately support more flexible experimental designs in the future.
A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents
Authors: Botdorf Morgan , Canada Kelsey L. , Riggins Tracy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMemory is supported by a network of brain regions, with the hippocampus serving a critical role in this cognitive process. Previous meta‐analyses on the association between hippocampal structure and memory have largely focused on adults. Multiple studies have since suggested that hippocampal volume is related to memory performance in children and adolescents; however, the strength and direction of this relation varies across reports, and thus, remains unclear. To further understand this brain–behavior relation, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between hippocampal volume (assessed as total volume) and memory during typical development. Across 25 studies and 61 memory outcomes with 1357 participants, results showed a small, but significant, positive association between total hippocampal volume and memory performance. Estimates of the variability across studies in the relation between total volume and memory were not explained by differences in memory task type (delayed vs. immediate; relational vs. nonrelational), participant age range, or the method of normalization of hippocampal volumes. Overall, findings suggest that larger total hippocampal volume relates to better memory performance in children and adolescents and that this relation is similar across the memory types and age ranges assessed. To facilitate enhanced generalization across studies in the future, we discuss considerations for the field moving forward.
Increased serum pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide in hematopoietic progenitor cell donors stimulated with G‐CSF
Authors: Chen Leonard N. , Montemayor‐Garcia Celina , West‐Mitchell Kamille A. , Cantilena Cathy C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HPCs) donors mobilized by granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) can develop various signs and symptoms. proBNP (pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) is a serum marker of heart failure. A donor who developed severe adverse reactions after G‐CSF mobilization was found to have high serum proBNP levels. We followed additional donors who received identical mobilization regimen to investigate the prevalence of this phenomenon. Eighteen healthy donors underwent a mobilization regimen of 10 μg/Kg G‐CSF daily for 5 days prior to allogeneic HPC collection using Spectra Optia between January 2016 and February 2017 were included in this study. Serum proBNP levels were measured before and after G‐CSF stimulation and immediately after apheresis. Apheresis collection parameters and other laboratory results were also reviewed. The majority of donors (86.7%) had post‐G‐CSF elevation of serum proBNP. Seven of those had elevated proBNP above upper normal range (124 pg/ml). The subgroup of donors with normal proBNP is younger (median age of 37 vs 42 years), with majority being male (90.9% vs 28.6%) and with smaller processed blood volume (2.2 vs 3 × total blood volume). This case series demonstrates an increase of serum proBNP can be common in HPC donors stimulated with 5 days of 10 mcg/kg G‐CSF. This is an adverse reaction that has not been described before. The temporary elevation of proBNP in these donors is not associated with ventricular dysfunction of the heart. The risk factors for marked elevation of proBNP post‐G‐CSF should be further investigated.
BSSE‐corrected consistent Gaussian basis sets of triple‐zeta valence with polarization quality of the fifth period for solid‐state calculations
Authors: Laun Joachim , Bredow Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRevised versions of our published pob‐TZVP basis sets [Laun, J.; Vilela Oliveira, D. and Bredow, T., J. Comput. Chem., 2018, 39 (19), 1285–1290] have been derived for periodic quantum‐chemical solid‐state calculations. They complete our pob‐TZVP‐rev2 series [Vilela Oliveira, D.; Laun, J.; Peintinger, M. F. and Bredow, T., J. Comput. Chem., 2019, 40 (27), 2364–2376 and Laun, J. and Bredow, J. Comput. Chem. 2021; 42 (15), 1064–1072] for the elements of the fifth period and are based on the fully relativistic effective core potentials (ECPs) of the Stuttgart/Cologne group and the def2‐TZVP valence basis of the Ahlrichs group. The pob‐TZVP‐rev2 basis sets are developed to minimize the basis set superposition error (BSSE) in crystalline systems. For the applied PW1PW hybrid functional, the overall performance, transferability, and SCF stability of the resulting pob‐TZVP‐rev2 basis sets are significantly improved compared to the original pob‐TZVP basis sets. After augmentation with single diffuse s‐ and p‐functions, reference plane‐wave band structures of metals can be accurately reproduced.
Testing the role of inflammation in the relation of childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among young adults
Authors: Walker Jesse H. , Venta Amanda , Bechelli Jeremy , Brewer Trisha M. , Boisvert Danielle , Bick Johanna , Lewis Richard , Wells Jessica , Armstrong Todd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground: In recent years, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young adults has been on the rise, with childhood maltreatment thought to partially explain this disparity. Systemic inflammation—a product of over‐activation of the body's stress response system—has been hypothesized to play a predictive role in the development of suicidal ideation. Enduring childhood maltreatment can lead to systemic inflammation, possibly accounting for suicidal ideation's increased prevalence among young adults who have a history of childhood maltreatment. Methods: The current study sought to investigate the importance of childhood maltreatment as a static risk factor for downstream suicidal ideation in young adulthood with the immunological response (i.e., systemic inflammation) to childhood maltreatment serving as a mediating factor. Results: Systemic inflammation was found to be positively associated with suicidal ideation, supporting the unique role systemic inflammation may play in the pathogenesis of suicidal ideation, though hypotheses regarding childhood maltreatment were not supported. Conclusion: This study provides novel insight into a potential immunobiological model for suicidal ideation development in young adult populations.
Light and scanning electron microscopic observation of palynological characteristics in spinelessAstragalusL. (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Khan Amjad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Sadia , Abbas Qamar , Arfan Muhammad , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Ullah Sher Aman , Khan Siraj , Akhtar Anam , Kilic Omer , Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPalynological characterization is considered to be one of the significant taxonomic tools for the delimitation and identification of morphologically complicated taxa. Hence, the pollen morphology of 12 species of spinelessAstragalusL. was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Studied pollen were small to medium, monad, prolate to per‐prolate and tricolporate type in all studied taxa. The exine sculpturing varied from reticulate to microreticulate whereas colpus ornamentation ranged from scabrate to granulate. Furthermore, maximum polar and equatorial diameter was recorded inAstragalus leucocephalusBunge. (45.00 μm) andA. pyrrhotrichusBoiss. (22.91 μm) while minimum inA. amherstianusBenth. ex Royle (28.75 μm) andA. amherstianusBenth. ex Royle (15.00 μm), respectively. Similarly, the ratio of polar to equatorial diameter was recorded maximum inA. ophiocarpusBoiss. (2.05). The width of colpi was larger inA. hamosusL. (1.29 μm) and smaller inA. ophiocarpusBoiss. (0.62 μm). We have also found the maximum value of mesocolpium inA. retamocarpusBoiss. (2.08 μm) while minimum inA. oxyglottisSteven ex M.Bieb. (1.87 μm). The quantitative pollen attributes helped in the development of pollen keys for the accurate and quick identification of the studied species. Furthermore, ordination and cluster analysis were performed for the differentiation of the investigated taxa at species level. Based on our results, we conclude that pollen features can be used for the delimitation and identification of the studied taxa.Research HighlightsPollen micromorphology is a useful tool for classifying complicated taxa.The pollen micromorphology of 12 spineless species ofAstragalusL. was studied using LM and SEM.The observed pollen characteristics aided inAstragalusL. serve for the identification and classification of taxa at specific level.
Long‐term low dose nitisinone therapy in adults with alkaptonuria shows no cognitive decline or increased severity of depression
Authors: Davison Andrew S. , Hughes Gin , Harrold Joanne A. , Clarke Pam , Griffin Rebecca , Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLittle is documented on whether nitisinone‐induced hypertyrosinaemia alters cognitive functioning or leads to worsening depression in alkaptonuria (AKU). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐IV (WAIS‐IV) and Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) assessments were performed before and annually following treatment with nitisinone 2 mg daily to assess the impact on cognitive functioning and severity of depression. Serum tyrosine concentrations were also measured annually. WAIS‐IV: 63 patients (27 females/36 males: mean age[years] [±standard deviation, range] 55.7[13.7, 26–79]; 60.3[9.6, 19–75]) were included at baseline for assessment of: verbal comprehension (VC), perceptual reasoning (PR), working memory (WM), and processing speed (PS) using separate indices. Over the 6‐year period studied 43, 39, 36, 29, 26 and 15 patients had annual assessments. Using a longitudinal model (age and sex adjusted) no significant differences were observed in any of the indices over this period, apart from VC which showed a significant increase after adjustment for sex (p < 0.05). BDI‐II: 74 patients (32 females/42 males: mean age[years] [±standard deviation, range] 56.1[13.2, 26–79]; 42 males, 51.5[16.3, 19–70]) were included at baseline. Over the 7‐year period studied 48, 47, 38, 34, 32, 24 and 12 patients had annual assessments. No significant differences in BDI‐II scores were observed when compared to baseline. Hypertyrosinaemia was observed in all patients following treatment with nitisinone (p < 0.001, at all annual visits). Serum tyrosine was not correlated with WAIS‐IV sub‐test indices or BDI‐II scores pre‐ or post‐nitisinone therapy. These findings suggest that treatment with nitisinone does not affect cognitive functioning and or lead to increased severity of depression.
Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examinations for Independent and Supplementary Prescribing Trainees: redeveloping a high‐stakes assessment
Authors: Kennedy Mary‐Claire , Dickinson Rebecca , Alldred David , Bradbury Helen , Easthall Claire , Greer Dan , Shaffiq Sumrah , Strickland‐Hodge Barry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Independent and Supplementary Prescribing programme has been offered by the University of Leeds since 2002. Upon completion of the programme pharmacists, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, and paramedics register as prescribers with their professional regulator. Trainees attend teaching sessions over a 3‐month period followed by a period of supervision in practice. All trainees undertook an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of the 3‐month period. Usually, the OSCE takes place on the university campus over one day. With the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the OSCE had to be restructured so that it could take place virtually, while maintaining the validity and reliability of the assessment. Microsoft Teams® was identified as the most appropriate platform for conducting the Virtual‐OSCE (V‐OSCE). Overall, the V‐OSCEs we ran were a success; trainees, assessors and simulated patients reported that the assessment was seamless. However, further improvements could be made to improve the efficiency of the process if this approach were to become commonplace within the programme.
Hyper‐Raman study of hydrated excess protons in water: Measurement of concentrated HCl solution
Authors: Inoue Kazuki , Okuno Masanari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report hyper‐Raman (HR) spectra of concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions for the first time. HR signals from the OH stretching region to the low‐frequency region reflect the presence of chloride anions solvated in water. By contrast, it turns out that HR spectroscopy is insensitive to the presence of excess protons in water. HR spectra of HCl solutions do not show any signature of a proton continuum and shoulders on the high/low‐frequency sides of the bending mode of H2O in stark contrast to IR spectroscopy. Moreover, we found that a sharp HR signal around 500 cm−1 appear in 532 nm excited HR spectra. A laser power dependence indicates that this signal comes from a photochemical reaction. The absence of this signal under 1064 nm HR excitation and 532 nm Raman excitation suggests that the resonance (hyper‐)Raman effect enhances the signal from the photoproduct.
What is the role of active packaging in the future of food sustainability? A systematic review
Authors: Alves Joel , Gaspar Pedro D. , Lima Tânia M , Silva Pedro D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, the strong increase in products consumption, the purchase of products on online platforms as well as the requirements for greater safety and food protection are a concern for food and packaging industries. Active packaging brings huge advances in the extension of product shelf‐life and food degradation and losses reduction. This systematic work aims to collect and evaluate all existing strategies and technologies of active packaging that can be applied in food products, with a global view of new possibilities for food preservation. Oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters/absorbers, ethylene scavengers, antimicrobial and antioxidant active packaging, and other active systems and technologies are summarized including the products commercially available and the respective mechanisms of action. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anderson acceleration of the modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms for horizontal nonlinear complementarity systems
Authors: Li Zhizhi , Zhang Huai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, enlightened by the effectiveness of Anderson acceleration (AA), a well‐established technique for accelerating fixed‐point solvers, we first present the Anderson accelerating modulus‐based matrix splitting (AAMS) algorithms for a class of horizontal nonlinear complementarity problems. Then, by introducing the strong semi‐smoothness of the absolute value function, we establish the local convergence theory of the AAMS algorithms. More importantly, we provide the optimal parameter for the AAMS algorithms, which is independent of iteration and applicable to other reduced MS algorithms. Finally, the numerical experiments are conducted to clarify the efficiency and practicability of the AAMS algorithms and its optimal parameter, and the effects of two parameters (both derived from AA) of the AAMS algorithms are analyzed.
Influence of contact friction on mechanical properties of pre‐tightened teeth connection
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Gao Jiangang , Xu Longxing , Zhao Qilin , Lin Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn composite fibers, the compression stress perpendicular to the fiber has a significant and complex effect on the fatigue behavior of the composite. In this study, pultrusion glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) plates pre‐tightened teeth connection (PTTC) were subjected to fatigue tests (R = 0.2, 0.5) to examine the effect of transverse compression stress on the in‐plane shear fatigue behavior. Fatigue test results showed that the GFRP pultrusion tube PTTC of the GFRP matrix composite pultrusion tube had a low‐fatigue life and appeared to heat up; it also exhibited longitudinal cracking in the tensile fatigue test with a frequency of only 2 Hz. To explore the cause and mechanism of increase in temperature, herein, the change process and the effect of contact friction and slippage in the tensile fatigue process of the of the GFRP pultrusion tube PTTC was examined using simplified tests and numerical analyses. The findings of this study can provide insights for improving the static bearing capacity and fatigue performance of PTTCs.
Quantitative analysis of methoxyflavones discriminates between the two types of Kaempferia parviflora
Authors: Joothamongkhon Jaruwan , Susantikarn Ploypailin , Kongkachana Wasitthee , Ketngamkum Yanisa , Batthong Sornsawan , Jomchai Nukoon , Yingyong Phuset , Asawapirom Udom , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Paemanee Atchara , Pongpamorn Pornkanok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionKaempferia parviflora or black ginger is abundantly cultivated because its rhizomes contain methoxyflavones that have many pharmacological properties. K. parviflora can be divided into two types, based on morphological characteristics, but differences in their chemical compositions have never been explored.ObjectivesThis research aims to find chemical markers that can be used to differentiate between the two types of K. parviflora, the red‐leaf and green‐leaf types, by quantifying the amounts of methoxyflavones.Material and methodsK. parviflora samples were collected from 39 locations in Thailand. Their genetic diversity was assessed by a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technique to construct the population structure. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection to determine the methoxyflavone contents.ResultsThe population structure based on >3,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers showed that the samples can be divided into two groups, which were consistent with the classification by leaf margin color (red‐leaf and green‐leaf types). HPLC analysis revealed 3,5,7,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), 5,7‐dimethoxyflavone (DMF), 5,7,4′‐trimethoxyflavone (TMF), 3,5,7‐trimethoxyflavone and 3,5,7,4′‐tetramethoxyflavone as major methoxyflavones that can be used as chemical markers. The red‐leaf type showed higher amounts of PMF, TMF and 3,5,7,4′‐tetramethoxyflavone than the green‐leaf type, while the green‐leaf type showed higher amounts of DMF and 3,5,7‐trimethoxyflavone than the red‐leaf type.ConclusionThese results provide another approach to discriminate the two types of K. parviflora using chemical profiles alongside genetic and morphological analyses. Therefore, a specific type of K. parviflora can be selected over the other based on preferences for a certain methoxyflavone.
A refined photo‐switchable cyclic peptide scaffold for use in β‐turn activation
Authors: Johnson Corey , Harwood John S. , Lipton Mark , Chmielewski Jean 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability to reversibly modulate peptide secondary structures, such as the β‐turn, allows for precise control of biological function, including protein interactions. Herein, we describe the design of two scaffolds containing an azobenzene moiety with flanking alanine or β‐alanine residues to probe essential features for photo‐control of a β‐turn within a cyclic peptide. To efficiently cyclize the designed linear peptides, prior isomerization of the azobenzene‐containing amino acid from the trans to the cis form was necessary. The two cyclic peptides (TAp and TApβ) were found to undergo rapid photochemical conversion to the cis isomer of the azobenzene, with a more gradual thermal reversion to the trans isomer over the course of a week at 37 °C. Spectroscopic analysis and restrained molecular dynamics simulation of the cis form of TAp and TApβ revealed type II and type II' β‐turns within the cyclic peptides, respectively. The trans isomer of the TAp cyclic peptide was found to have a kink within the peptide structure, whereas the longer trans‐TApβ contained a more extended conformation. TApβ, therefore, demonstrates a clearer difference in the cyclic peptide conformations when in the cis versus trans form, a feature that may prove beneficial for use with biologically active β‐turn sequences.