bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of attitudes toward potentially having a lesbian, gay, or bisexual child among Chinese heterosexual adults
Authors: Ying Yurun , Santtila Pekka , Li Gu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParental acceptance is a robust protective factor for lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) individuals' mental health, yet its predictors have not been frequently studied in China. The present study examined predictors of Chinese heterosexual adults' attitudes toward potentially having an LGB child. Participants were 700 Chinese nationals (37.6% women and 62.4% men) aged 18–64 who identified as exclusively heterosexual and did not have an LGB child. We found that beliefs about the changeability of sexual orientation and beliefs in negative outcomes of being LGB predicted negative attitudes toward having an LGB child in domains of emotion, cognition, and behavior. Moreover, more exposure to LGB individuals predicted reduced disapproval and negative actions as well as increased positive actions. These findings revealed the key factors to changing Chinese people's attitudes toward having an LGB child. Clinical implications for therapists and counselors working with Chinese LGB individuals and their parents are discussed.
Turned 60, is the Antarctic treaty system in good health?
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra , Jabour Julia Ann 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSigned in 1959, the Antarctic Treaty is usually hailed as an example of what states can achieve when they leave aside their interests and truly collaborate. It was over 30 years ago, however, that the last significant legal instrument of the Antarctic Treaty System (namely, the Protocol on Environmental Protection) was signed. Since then, no new legal instruments have been drafted, despite a number of growing internal and external challenges. In this special issue, an interdisciplinary group of scholars examine some of these challenges and evaluate whether the system is well prepared to tackle them. Their point of agreement is that, if not severely ill, the system's chronic ailments—particularly laggardness—must be addressed if it is to respond satisfactorily to rapid social, political, environmental and economic changes on a global scale.
Review of robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery in management of infant congenital urology: Advances and limitations in utilization and learning
Authors: Lombardo Alyssa M. , Gundeti Mohan S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs robotic‐assisted (RAL) surgery expanded to treat pediatric congenital disease, infant anatomy and physiology posed unique challenges that prompted adaptations to the technology and surgical technique, which are compiled and reviewed in this manuscript. From the beginning, collaboration with anesthesia is critical for a safe, efficient case including placement of an endotracheal tube rather than a laryngeal mask (LMA) and placement of a nasogastric tube and/or rectal tube to relieve distended stomach or bowel, respectively. Furthermore, end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) is important for monitoring and predicting the effects of pneumoperitoneum on caridiovascular physiology, incranial pressure, and risk of acidosis and hypercarbia. Positioning can further exacerbate these effects and affect intra‐abdominal working space. For infant robotic pyeloplasty and heminephrectomy, a “beanbag” is commonly used for stabilization in the lateral decubitus position. We advise against the use of a “baby bump” because it brings the bowels and vasculature more anterior than expected. Pnuemoperitoneum pressure of 8–10 mmHg during port placement maximizes safety, but thereafter, the pneumoperitoneum pressure can be minimized to 6–8 mmHg during the procedure without compromising the visual field. Port sites should be marked after insufflation, followed by the open Hasson technique for peritoneal access and port placement under direct vision with intussusception of the trocars to avoid vascular or bowel injury. Additional tips can be obtained through this manuscript, immersive fellowships, and mini‐fellowships. Ulitmately, infant robotic surgery has the potential to benefit many children but is presently limited by the lack of pediatric‐specific robotic technology and its associated costs.
Sarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation negatively affect early urinary function after I‐125 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Ogasawara Naoyuki , Nakiri Makoto , Kurose Hirofumi , Ueda Kosuke , Chikui Katsuaki , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Matsuo Mitsunori , Suekane Shigetaka , Morimatsu Yoshitaka , Murotani Kenta , Muraki Koichiro , Hattori Chikayuki , Ogo Etsuyo , Ishitake Tatsuya , Igawa Tsukasa 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of sarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation on early urinary function after I‐125 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Pre‐treatment computed tomography was used to measure skeletal muscle index at the L3 level to assess sarcopenia and visceral fat area at the umbilical level. The International Prostate Symptom Score and the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index were used to assess quality of life during the 24 months after brachytherapy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether sarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation had clinically significant effects on post‐treatment quality of life.ResultsAmong 246 patients, 92 (37.4%) were stratified into the sarcopenia group and 141 (57.3%) into the excess visceral fat accumulation group. The sarcopenia group had significantly lower University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index urinary function than the non‐sarcopenia group 24 months post‐brachytherapy. The excess visceral fat accumulation group had significantly poorer International Prostate Symptom Score total, storage, and voiding scores than the non‐excess accumulation group 12 months post‐brachytherapy. In the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia had a clinically significant adverse effect on the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index urinary function at 12 months. Excess visceral fat accumulation had a clinically significant adverse effect on the International Prostate Symptom Score voiding and storage scores at 12 months.ConclusionsSarcopenia and excess visceral fat accumulation negatively affect urinary function early after I‐125 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
Extrinsic factors of pressure injuries in patients during surgery: A frequency matched retrospective study
Authors: Weng Pei‐Wei , Chang Wen‐Pei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was to clarify the connection between extrinsic factors and the risk of perioperative pressure injuries (PIs) through the case–control approach, which involved making the intrinsic factors of the patients in the control group with no PIs consistent with those of the case group with PIs. We collected samples from a teaching hospital in Taiwan. We found a total of 132 patients deemed to have developed perioperative PIs. Using 1:2 frequency matching, we matched these cases with patients who had not developed PIs by gender, age, and BMI. Binary logistic regression analysis of the odds ratios of the extrinsic factors and PI risk revealed that the independent variables with statistical significance included duration of anaesthesia 3 h, amount of blood loss, use of electric blankets, diastolic blood pressure below 60 mmHg during surgery, and oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry (SPO2) below 93% during surgery. Emphasis should be placed on cooperation among the medical team during surgery, less use of electric blankets, control over the duration of anaesthesia and blood loss, continuous monitoring of the patient during surgery for any emergencies, and the maintenance of patient diastolic blood pressure and blood oxygen levels to reduce the risk of PIs.
Acute‐phase response following one‐stage full‐mouth versus quadrant non‐surgical periodontal treatment in subjects with comorbid type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Gennai Stefano , Marruganti Crystal , Peric Marina , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Marhl Urska , Petrini Morena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the level of inflammatory markers and endothelial function 24 h (Day 1) and 90 days (Day 90) after conventional quadrant‐wise scaling and root planing (Q‐SRP) versus one‐stage full‐mouth SRP (FM‐SRP) in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsPatients affected by periodontitis and T2DM were randomly allocated to receive FM‐SRP or Q‐SRP and followed up at Day 1 and Day 90. Serum samples, vital signs, and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) parameters were collected at baseline, Day 1, and Day 90. Periodontal variables were collected at baseline and Day 90. The primary outcome was the C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration at Day 1 after periodontal treatment. Student's t‐test for independent samples was used for between‐group comparisons (Mann–Whitney U test for non‐normal data), while analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey tests (Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests for non‐normal data) were used for intra‐group comparisons.ResultsForty subjects were included in the study. FM‐SRP produced a significant increase in CRP and a significant reduction in FMD at Day 1 compared to Q‐SRP (p < .05). The absolute change in HbA1c (mmol/mol) from baseline to Day 90 was significantly improved in the Q‐SRP (ΔHbA1c = −1.59 [SD = 1.20]) compared to the FM‐SRP group (ΔHbA1c = −0.8 [SD = 0.95]) (p = .04).ConclusionsFM‐SRP triggers a robust acute‐phase response at 24 h after treatment compared to Q‐SRP. Such systemic acute perturbations may offset the beneficial systemic effects of periodontal treatment in terms of HbA1c reduction and improvement in endothelial function in T2DM subjects.
Semaphorin‐RhoA signaling regulates HERS maintenance by acting against TGF‐β‐induced EMT
Authors: Azumane Marii , Ikezaki Shojiro , Otsu Keishi , Kumakami‐Sakano Mika , Arai Haruno , Yamada Hiroyuki , Kettunen Päivi , Harada Hidemitsu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) plays a role in root dentin formation. It produces the epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) for the induction of periodontal tissue development during root formation. Although ERM is thought to be caused by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), the mechanism by which HERS is maintained as epithelium is unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating the relationship between HERS maintenance and ERM development.MethodsTo understand the relationship between HERS and ERM development during root formation, we observed the developing molar root using cytokeratin14 (CK14) Cre/tdTomato mice via stereomicroscopy. The relationship between semaphorin and transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling in the maintenance of HERS and ERM development was examined using CK14cre/R26‐tdTomato mice and a HERS cell line.ResultstdTomato‐positive cells were observed on HERS and the migrating cells from HERS. The migrating cells showed reduced E‐cadherin expression. In contrast, HERS cells expressed semaphorin receptors and active RhoA. Semaphorin signaling was associated with RhoA activation and cell–cell adhesion, while TGF‐β induced decreased E‐cadherin and active RhoA expression, and consequently enhanced cell migration.ConclusionHERS induces root formation by controlling epithelial maintenance and EMT through the opposing effects of semaphorin and TGF‐β signaling.
Long‐term hepatic safety of lomitapide in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Larrey Dominique , D'Erasmo Laura , O'Brien Sallyann , Arca Marcello ,   the Italian Working Group on Lomitapide
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionLomitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor for patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Due to its mechanism of action, potential hepatic effects of lomitapide are of clinical interest. This study aimed to determine the long‐term hepatic safety of lomitapide.MethodsData were aggregated from the pivotal phase 3 and extension phase clinical trial with lomitapide (median 5.1 years; serum total bilirubin, transaminases, cytokeratin‐18 [CK‐18] and enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF] score, fat‐soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids), 8‐year data from the Lomitapide Observational Worldwide Evaluation Registry (LOWER) and real‐world evidence from a cohort of patients treated with lomitapide in Italy (hepatic elastography, and FIB‐4 score for hepatic fibrosis).ResultsIn the phase 3 trial and the LOWER registry, any asymptomatic excursions in liver transaminase levels were not associated with elevations in bilirubin, and no Hy's law cases were detected in up to 8 years follow‐up. There were no clinically relevant increases among hepatic biomarkers CK‐18, CK‐18 fragments or ELF score and fat‐soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids remained above normal levels. In 34 patients treated in Italy with lomita pide for more than 9  years, elevations in hepatic fat were mild‐to‐moderate; hepatic stiffness remained normal, and the mean FIB‐4 score remained below the fibrosis threshold value of 2.67.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the hepatic safety of lomitapide remains favourable with no clinically significant elevations in hepatic biomarkers and hepatic stiffness remained normal for more than 9 years follow‐up.Phase 3 trialNCT00730236; extension phase: NCT00943306; LOWER: NCT02135705.
Stress, Anxiety, and School Burnout Post COVID‐19: A Study of French Adolescents
Authors: Simoës‐Perlant Aurélie , Barreau Marion , Vezilier Caroline 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis study examined the symptoms of exhaustion, school stress and anxious school refusal from a comparative developmental perspective in French adolescents enrolled in public and private general, technological and vocational schools. It is particularly important to consider academic stress levels, anxiety and school burnout in middle and high school students as they are linked to many mental health problems, such as depression or suicidal thoughts. In this study, four hundred and ninety‐three adolescents completed an online questionnaire consisting of the School Burnout Inventory, the Echelle Toulousaine de Stress Scolaire perçu and the School refusal evaluation was developed. The results show a very high percentage of suffering among teenagers. The young people most affected are high school students and more particularly students in 10th and 12th grade, with nearly three‐quarters of them suffering from school burnout and/or high school stress, without any distinction between the sexes or the type of schooling.
Activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2+ cells leads to osteodentin formation and cementum overgrowth
Authors: Shi Peilei , Xie Xudong , Xu Chunmei , Wu Yafei , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we used the mouse incisor model to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling on Axin2+ cells in tooth development.Materials and MethodsAxin2lacZ/+ reporter mice were used to define the expression pattern of Axin2 in mouse incisors. We traced the fate of Axin2+ cells from postnatal Day 21 (P21) to P56 using Axin2CreERT2/+ and R26RtdTomato/+ reporter mice. For constitutive activation of Wnt signaling, Axin2CreERT2/+, β‐cateninflox(Ex3)/+, and R26RtdTomato/+ (CA‐β‐cat) mice were generated to investigate the gain of function (GOF) of β‐catenin in mouse incisor growth.ResultsThe X‐gal staining of Axin2lacZ/+ reporter mice and lineage tracing showed that Axin2 was widely expressed in dental mesenchyme of mouse incisors, and Axin2+ cells were essential cell sources for odontoblasts, pulp cells, and periodontal ligament cells. The constitutive activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2+ cells resulted in the formation of osteodentin featured with increased DMP1 and dispersed DSP expression and overgrowth of cementum.ConclusionWnt signaling plays a key role in the differentiation and maturation of Axin2+ cells in mouse incisors.
Dynamics of Union Dissolution in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: John Ben Malinga , Nitsche Natalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNot only whether but also when a union ends and how long individuals remain unpartnered subsequently is consequential for social and demographic outcomes. However, in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), information about the timing of union dissolution and the reproductive time “lost” due to union dissolution is lacking. We close this gap by applying standard indirect demographic techniques in a novel way to Demographic Health Survey data collected in 34 SSA countries to document (i) the level and timing of all‐cause union dissolution and (ii) the time women spend outside of marriage due to union dissolution during their reproductive life course. Results revealed that in 28 out of 34 countries, over one‐fifth of first unions end within 15 years, and in 14 out of 34 countries, the proportion of first unions ending within 25 years exceeds 40 percent. The average marital duration at first union dissolution varies between 4.8 and 9.4 years. The pace of remarriage is rapid across all countries, with the average duration between first union dissolution and first remarriage ranging between 0.2 and 2.9 years. The overall reproductive years lost to union dissolution vary between 1.3 and 5.3 years, and account for 4.0–16.3 percent of the total reproductive life expectancy. We discuss the implications of these dynamics for fertility outcomes in SSA.
A bitter future for coffee production? Physiological traits associated with yield reveal high vulnerability to hydraulic failure in Coffea canephora
Authors: Max Aldo Custódio , Loram‐Lourenço Lucas , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , de Souza Luan Henrique Martiniano , Dias Jairo Rafael Machado , Espíndula Marcelo Curitiba , Farnese Fernanda S. , Hammond William , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Cochard Hervé , Menezes‐Silva Paulo Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increase in frequency and intensity of drought events have hampered coffee production in the already threatened Amazon region, yet little is known about key aspects underlying the variability in yield potential across genotypes, nor to what extent higher productivity is linked to reduced drought tolerance. Here we explored how variations in morphoanatomical and physiological leaf traits can explain differences in yield and vulnerability to embolism in 11 Coffea canephora genotypes cultivated in the Western Amazon. The remarkable variation in coffee yield across genotypes was tightly related to differences in their carbon assimilation and water transport capacities, revealing a diffusive limitation to photosynthesis linked by hydraulic constraints. Although a clear trade‐off between water transport efficiency and safety was not detected, all the studied genotypes operated in a narrow and/or negative hydraulic safety margin, suggesting a high vulnerability to leaf hydraulic failure (HF), especially on the most productive genotypes. Modelling exercises revealed that variations in HF across genotypes were mainly associated with differences in leaf water vapour leakage when stomata are closed, reflecting contrasting growth strategies. Overall, our results provide a new perspective on the challenges of sustaining coffee production in the Amazon region under a drier and warmer climate.
Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (CHANT): A confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Winquist Anna , Schenk Elizabeth C. , Cook Cara , Demorest Shanda , Burduli Ekaterina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm the factor structure of the Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (CHANT) tool via confirmatory factor analysis.Design and sampleThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of voluntary, anonymous responses collected online in 2019, from a non‐representative sample of 489 nurses from 12 nations with 95% of the respondents from the United States.MeasurementsA confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test a five‐factor measurement model of the 22‐item CHANT. Reliability was examined via Cronbach's α coefficient.ResultsThe five CHANT subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.67 to 0.91. The five‐factor model of CHANT demonstrated good fit, x2(199) = 582.747, p < .001, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06, and SRMR = 0.04 with statistically significant item‐factor loadings.ConclusionCHANT is a reliable and robust instrument to measure nurses’ awareness, concern, motivation, and home and work behaviors regarding climate change and health, and is ready to be utilized in research, policy, professional settings, and among educators.
Effectiveness of self‐financing patient‐led support groups in the management of hypertension and diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Systematic review
Authors: Sanya Richard E. , Johnston Erin Stewart , Kibe Peter , Werfalli Mahmoud , Mahone Sloan , Levitt Naomi S. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Asiki Gershim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is insufficient evidence on the role of self‐financing patient support groups in the control of blood pressure (BP) and/or diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). We conducted a systematic review to investigate the effectiveness of these groups in BP and glycaemic control.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Global Health, African Journals Online, CINAHL and African Index Medicus for published peer‐reviewed articles from inception up to November 2021. Grey literature was obtained from OpenGrey. Studies on patient support groups for hypertension and/or diabetes with a component of pooling financial resources, conducted in LMICs, were included. Narrative reviews, commentaries, editorials and articles published in languages other than English and French were excluded. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality assessment tool and the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Results are reported according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOf 724 records screened, three studies met the criteria: two trials conducted in Kenya and a retrospective cohort study conducted in Cambodia. All studies reported improvement in BP control after 12 months follow‐up with reductions in systolic BP of 23, 14.8, and 16.9 mmHg, respectively. Two studies reported diabetes parameters. The first reported improvement in HbA1c (reduction from baseline 10.8%, to 10.6% at 6 months) and random blood sugar (baseline 8.9 mmol/L, to 8.5 mmol/L at 6 months) but these changes did not achieve statistical significance. The second reported a reduction in fasting blood glucose (baseline—216 mg/dl, 12 months—159 mg/dl) in diabetic patients on medication.ConclusionSelf‐financing patient support groups for diabetes and hypertension are potentially effective in the control of BP and diabetes in LMICs. More studies are needed to add to the scarce evidence base on the role of self‐financing patient support groups.