bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberkulosis Laten pada Tenaga Kesehatan di RSI Jemur Sari Surabaya
Authors: Noviana Ayu Cahyani , Rahmawati Febtarini , Widyaningsih Indah , Arimbi Muzaijadah Retno , Theodora Theodora 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Prevalensi TB paru dengan konfirmasi bakteriologis sebesar 759 (95% CI589-961) per 100.000 penduduk yang berumur 15 tahun ke atas. Petugas kesehatan yang bekerja di bagian paru rumah sakit, sangat rentan terpapar kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dikarenakan setiap hari ada hubungan/ kontak dialog (anamnesis) dengan penderita tuberkulosis aktif yang sedang berobat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi TB Laten pada tenaga Kesehatan dengan metode IGRA
Metode: Metode penelitian deskriptif dengan sample adalah seluruh tenaga kesehatan di bagian paru RSI Jemur Sari terdiri dari 2 dokter, 2 analis dan 6 perawat, terutama yang telah bekerja lebih dari 5 tahun diambil darahnya untuk diperiksa antibodi interferon gamma dengan metode IGRA.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 10 sampel yang berhasil dilakukan pemeriksaan didapatkan 70% tenaga kesehatan yang kontak dengan penderita positif antibodi interferon gammanya.
Kesimpulan: Kontak dengan penderita Tuberkulosis yang terus menerus memungkinkan tertular, dimana imunitas yang baik dapat menyebabkan tenaga kesehatan tersebut tanpa gejala dan keluhan.Diperlukan penatalaksanaan administratif yang baik agar dapat menurunkan angka kejadian tuberculosis laten
Kata Kunci : IGRA, Tenaga kesehatan, Tuberkulosis laten
Abstract
Background The prevalence of pulmonary TB with bacteriological confirmation was 759 (95% CI589-961) per 100,000 population aged 15 years and over. Health workers who work in the pulmonary section of the hospital are very susceptible to exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because every day there is a relationship/contact dialogue (anamnesis) with active tuberculosis sufferers who are being treated. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of latent TB in health workers using the IGRA method
Method Descriptive research method with samples were all health workers in the pulmonary section of RSI Jemur Sari consisting of 2 doctors, 2 analysts and 6 nurses, especially those who had worked for more than 5 years had their blood taken for examination of interferon gamma antibodies using the IGRA method.
Results From 10 successfully examined sample, 70% of the health workers that has contact with the patients has positive interferon gamma antibody.
Conclusion Prolonged contact with Tuberculosis patient raises the probability of contagion, whereas decent immunity allows the health workers to proceed without any symptoms. An excellent administrative governance is required to reduce the occurrence of latent tuberculosis.
Keywords : Health workers, IGRA, Latent tuberculosis
ԳՅՈՒՂԱՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄՐՑՈՒՆԱԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՊԱՅՄԱՆԱՎՈՐՈՂ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐԻ ԴԱՍԱԿԱՐԳՄԱՆ ՀԱՏԿԱՆԻՇՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ԴՐԱ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՄԱՆ ՉԱՓԱՆԻՇՆԵՐԻ ԿԱՏԱՐԵԼԱԳՈՐԾՄԱՆ ՄՈՏԵՑՈՒՄՆԵՐԸ
Authors: ԾՊՆԵՑՅԱՆ ԼՈՒՍԻՆԵ 
Published: May 2022

Հոդվածի նպատակն է քննել ու առաջարկել ճյուղի, մասնավորապես՝ գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակության էության և գնահատման վերաբերյալ տնտեսագիտական գրականության մեջ առկա տեսական ու մեթոդաբանական դրույթների ուսումնասիրությամբ մոտեցումներ, ինչը հնարավորություն կտա առավել ամբողջական պատկերացում կազմելու դրա էության, այն պայմանավորող գործոնների և գնահատման չափանիշների, ցուցանիշների և մեթոդների վերաբերյալ:
Հոդվածի խնդիրներն են բացահայտել ճյուղի, մասնավորապես՝ գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակության էությունը, առաջարկել այն պայմանավորող գործոնների դասակարգման հիմքում ընկած հատկանիշների, մրցունակությունը բնութագրող չափանիշների և համապատասխան ցուցանիշների առավել ամբողջական ցանկ, հիմնավորել այդ ցուցանիշների առավել մեծ չափով հաշվի առնելու հնարավորությունը նշված մրցունակության գնահատման համեմատական վերլուծության մեթոդի կիրառման պարագայում:
Հոդվածում առաջարկվել են առհասարակ մրցունակության, ճյուղի, մասնավորապես՝ գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակության սահմանումներ, այն պայմանավորող գործոնների դասակարգման հատկանիշներ, այդ մրցունակության գնահատման ցուցանիշներ:
Հոդվածում կիրառվել են դիալեկտիկայի, գիտական վերացարկման, համեմատական վերլուծության, տրամաբանական մեթոդները:
Հետազոտության արդյունքում կատարվել են հետևյալ հիմնական եզրահանգումները.
-	գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակությունը պայմանավորող գործոնների վերաբերյալ ամբողջական պատկերացում կարելի է կազմել դրանց դասակարգման հատկանիշների նկատմամբ համալիր մոտեցման պարագայում,
-	գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակությունը բնութագրվում է չափանիշների ու ցուցանիշների ընդգրկուն շրջանակով, որոնք անհրաժեշտ է ամբողջությամբ հաշվի առնել նշված մրցունակությունը համակողմանիորեն գնահատելիս,
-	գյուղատնտեսության մրցունակության գնահատման չափանիշներից առանցքայինը գյուղատնտեսական արտադրանքի մրցունակությունն է, որը խտացված ձևով արտացոլում է ճյուղի մրցունակությունն այս կամ այն տեսանկյունից բնութագրող մյուս չափանիշները:
Impact of Bullying Behavior on Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents in Sialkot-Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Rauf Umara , Sarwar Uzma , Asif Saba 
Published: May 2022

Bullying in children and adolescents has become a serious social problem and a stern threat to mental health and well-being, leaving a shadow for severe psychopathology. Previous research has highlighted bullying behavior is a leading cause of emotional disturbances in children and adolescents, worsening their physical, psychological, and social sense of well-being. The aim of the present research was to explore the influence of bullying behavior on pre-adolescents, and adolescents’ mental health and quality of life. Further, age group and gender differences were also explored. For this purpose, a random sample of 400 children and adolescents, aged between 8-18 years from different schools and colleges of Sialkot-Pakistan were considered for assessment of bullying behavior. A self-develop demographic sheet along with different scales to assess bullying behavior, mental health and quality of life was administered. The results suggest that bullying behavior was negatively and significantly associated with mental health problems and quality of life in the whole sample. Findings further indicates the significant difference among pre-adolescents and adolescents on the variables of bullying behavior (t=13.34, ***p<0.01), QOL (t=-3.37, ***p<0.01) and mental health problems (t=-3.69, ***p<0.01). Gender differences on the variables of bullying behavior (t=13.34, ***p<0.01), QOL (t=-3.75, ***p<0.01) and mental health problems (t=-3.69, ***p<0.01) were also found significant. Bullying behavior exerts a greater impact on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. There is an immense need to devise preventive strategies to enhance the emotional, psychological well-being of this group.
Transracial Adoption as Continued Oppression: Modern Practice in Context
Authors: Leonard Anisa Joy 
Published: May 2022

Transracial adoption has existed as a mode of forced displacement and oppression throughout the history of the United States. Starting with Italian children, who were once racialized as non-white, non-white children in the United States have undergone systemic oppression resulting in forced separation from their biological parents. The displaced children have typically been placed with white parents who have not been adequately prepared to provide the culturally competent, trauma-informed care that the children need. As a result, transracially adopted children have historically struggled to form a sense of identity and have faced a wide range of physical and mental health vulnerabilities. Part I of this paper will present an overview of how transracial adoption has been implemented throughout U.S. history, discussing both past models (such as the Orphan Train) and contemporary models (such as the foster care system, domestic private adoptions, and the global adoption industry). Part II will draw connections between past and present implementations of transracial adoption, illustrating that the phenomenon is best understood as a continuation of previous forms of oppression. Part III will propose a number of recommendations for social workers to facilitate better outcomes for transracial adoptees.
A prática de contabilidade criativa na Petrobrás: Um estudo a partir das demonstrações publicadas na BM&Fovespa no período de 2003 a 2013
Authors: Isabela de Oliveira Maria , Fortes Guilherme Hipônio , Martins Pereira Cirne Gianinni , A. de Lira Delfino Islania , Daênnio Casimiro de Oliveira Francisco 
Published: May 2022

A contabilidade tem o objetivo de gerar informações aos usuários acerca do seu patrimônio e suas variações, através de seus demonstrativos contábeis, capaz de auxiliar no processo decisório. Assim, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a possível utilização da prática de contabilidade criativa na Petrobrás no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2013, com dados trimestrais obtidos dos seus demonstrativos contábeis, com a coleta através do banco de dados Economatica, posteriormente foram criadas as variáveis por meio do aplicativo SPSS® - versão 19, utilizando-se ainda do método de estudo de Martinez (2001). Obtendo nos resultados da análise que realmente existem indícios do gerenciamento dos resultados da Petrobrás nos 10 anos estudados. Principalmente quanto às despesas com depreciação, que por sua vez, possui uma relação direta com as contas do imobilizado e com a variação do lucro líquido. No entanto, fica claro nesse estudo que, existe uma interpretação que pode sugerir manipulação dos dados financeiros da empresa, já que foi identificado indícios dessa prática criativa na contabilidade da mesma.
A perspectiva ambiental dos direitos humanos
Authors: Costa Pereira Jamilton , Macri Olivera Marcos 
Published: May 2022

O equilíbrio ambiental é um dos componentes do almejado desenvolvimento sustentável, que nele está incluído também uma economia viável e uma sociedade justa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar o meio ambiente como um dos pressupostos dos Direitos Humanos de terceira dimensão e mecanismo de contribuição para o bem-estar social. Os Direitos Humanos correspondem aos direitos fundamentais de toda pessoa humana, que abrange tanto os aspectos individuais como também seu sentido comunitário. São direitos indispensáveis para uma vida humana e que se baseia em princípios históricos como liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade, essenciais e indispensáveis à uma vida digna. Com a pesquisa, verificou-se que a proteção do meio ambiente é fator decisivo para a consolidação dos direitos humanos, em que os indivíduos precisam da natureza para se desenvolver plenamente em sua condição de vida. Além disso, é a partir do desenvolvimento econômico, pautado na busca pela preservação do meio natural, que o resultado social se torna ainda mais evidente, pois dessa relação ambiente-economia-sociedade todos saem ganhando. Sem o meio ambiente não há vida. Portanto, buscar mecanismo de proteção para a natureza é a forma mais sensata do ser humano se proteger, bem como garantir que outras pessoas no futuro tenham essa mesma oportunidade, ou seja, garantindo esse direito às próximas gerações.
The Struggle for the Existence in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath
Authors: Jyoti Singh  , Prof. Pratibha Tyagi  
Published: May 2022

The issue of struggle for existence in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is examined in this research article. The struggle for existence is a universal topic that appears in Steinbeck’s writings as well. Steinbeck’s works are full of characters who struggle to make both ends meet as migrant farmers during the Great Depression. He admired those who worked hard and lived honourably. The characters were given Steinbeck’s voice and vibe. Their flaws, struggle for survival, and unwavering courage are not only theirs but also Steinbeck's. Even though the fact that he authored fiction, his characters are realistic in their portrayals of contemporary America. The Grapes of Wrath earned Steinbeck both praise and scorn. It’s based on the American Great Depression, which ran from 1929 to 1939. Many people were destroyed by the stock market fall, which resulted in widespread unemployment. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s followed. Due to a lack of rain and strong gusts, the top soil swept away. Farmers were forced to sell their lands to the banks as a result of this. The Grapes of Wrath was inspired by the migrants’ suffering and sacrifice. This single work serves as a testament to the human experience in tough times.
Il presunto diritto alla mono-genitorialità e le scelte etiche di inizio-vita
Authors: Freni Fortunato 
Published: May 2022

SOMMARIO: 1. La legge n. 40 sulla procreazione medicalmente assistita (pma) dopo gli interventi giurisprudenziali - 2. La pma per i singles e il presunto diritto alla mono-genitorialità - 3. Le scelte etiche del procreare di fronte ai nuovi ritrovati tecnologici - 4. La mediazione del (bio-)diritto laico.
The alleged right to single parenthood and the ethical choices of beginning-life
ABSTRACT: This contribution, taking its cue from requests for jurisprudential recognition of an alleged right to single parenthood, analyzes the phenomenon of pma for singles in the light of the different ethical conceptions of procreation, reaching the conclusion that the law 40 on pma should be entirely rewritten through a normative intervention oriented in the sense of a secular mediation, within the framework of the pluralism of ethical-religious conceptions present in society, which knows how to combine the right of self-determination with the duty of solidarity.
Qūnawī: the disciple son
Authors: Spallino Patrizia 
Published: May 2022

Abū al-Ma’ālī Sadr al-Dīn Muhammad b. Ishāq al-Qūnawī nacque probabilmente a Konya nel 605/1209 e morì nel 673/1274. L’influenza che Ibn al-’Arabī esercitò su Qūnawī fu decisiva e lo shaykh al-akbar riservò questa questa particolare formazione esclusivamente a lui, forse proprio perché il compito del suo erede spirituale e interprete era già stato “ previsto”.In questo intervento tracceremo uno dei punti fondamentali del pensiero di Qūnawī, basandoci sulla prima epistola del carteggio che si concentra proprio sulla questione del rapporto tra conoscenza filosofica e illuminazione divina, questione che si ritrova nell’opera del nostro sufi e che lo contraddistingue all’interno del pensiero sufi in generale, collocandolo nella scuola ibnarabiana.
Abū al-Ma‘ālī Sadr al-Dīn Muhammad b. Ishāq al-Qūnawī was born probably in Konya in 605/1209 and died in 673/1274. The influence that Ibn al-‘Arabī exerted on Qūnawī was decisive and the shaykh al-akbar reserved this intense education and this particular training exclusively for him, perhaps precisely because the task of his spiritual heir and interpreter had already been “foreseen”.In this intervention we will trace one of the fundamental points of Qūnawī’s thought, relying on the first epistle of the correspondence that focuses precisely on the question of the relationship between philosophical knowledge and divine illumination, a question that is found throughout the work of our Sufi and that it distinguishes it within Sufi thought in general, placing it within the Ibnarabian school.
SABER-Bupivacaine Reduces Postoperative Pain and Opioid Consumption After Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ekelund Anders , Peredistijs Andrejs , Grohs Josef , Meisner Jon , Verity Neil , Rasmussen Sten 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Shoulder arthroscopy can result in substantial postoperative pain. Sucrose acetate isobutyrate extended-release bupivacaine (SABER-Bupivacaine; trade name Posimir) is a novel depot formulation of bupivacaine designed to provide analgesia at the surgical site for up to 72 hours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SABER-Bupivacaine on pain and opioid consumption after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and to assess short-term and long-term safety.

Methods:
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 78 subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to SABER-Bupivacaine 5 mL or SABER-placebo 5 mL injected into the subacromial space just before skin closure. Twenty-nine additional subjects were randomized on an exploratory basis to bupivacaine hydrochloride 20 mL, also injected subacromially. Subjects rated pain intensity on a 0 to 10 scale over the first 3 postoperative days and received intravenous or oral morphine for breakthrough pain. The coprimary efficacy end points were pain intensity on 90° shoulder flexion and cumulative morphine intake from 0 to 72 hours after surgery. The time to first use of opioid rescue analgesia was a secondary end point.

Results:
The mean (SD) pain intensity was 5.16 (1.94) for SABER-Bupivacaine and 6.43 (1.77) for placebo (P = 0.012). The median consumption of intravenous morphine equivalents was 4.0 mg for SABER-Bupivacaine and 12.0 mg for placebo (P = 0.010). The median time to first use of morphine rescue was 12.4 hours for SABER-Bupivacaine and 1.2 hours for placebo (P = 0.014). The corresponding values for bupivacaine hydrochloride were 5.16 (2.38), 8.0 mg, and 1.4 hours. The incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar for all treatment groups, and no functional or radiographic differences were noted at the 6-month follow-up.

Discussion:
Compared with placebo, SABER-Bupivacaine reduced pain and opioid analgesic consumption over 72 hours after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and prolonged the time to first use of opioid rescue analgesia. No safety signals were noted during the immediate postoperative period or at 6-month follow-up.
PREVALENCE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AMONG NEPALESE POPULATION
Authors: Shivhare Peeyush , Singh Vivek , Giri Ritesh , Singh Ankur , Penumatcha Mohan Raju , Taparia Nidhi , Sabah Nurus 
Published: May 2022

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) comprise of a variety of clinical signs and symptoms such as joint sounds, muscle tenderness, joint tenderness, deviation, deflection, pain on mouth opening, protrusive, lateral movement and limited mouth opening which can be the result of trauma, stress, gum chewing, hard food biting habits, bruxism, long dental appointment. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Nepalese population in Eastern Nepal.
Methods: The study was performed from May 2018 to Oct 2018. All the patients who came to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) and health camps in Eastern part of Nepal were included. The self-administered questions were asked to the subjects about demographic data, different signs and symptoms of TMDs and etiological factors responsible to it.
Results: More than two thirds of the study sample (83.96%) in the present study had one or more clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs. Deviation of mandible on mouth opening and clicking sound made up the highest percentage. Females were reported to have significantly higher prevalence of TMDs signs and symptoms than male. Disc displacement was the most prevalent disorder followed by myofascial pain and degenerative joint disorder.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that a significant percentage of the population has signs and symptoms of TMDs. Measures should be taken to prevent and treat TMDs in this part of the world.
COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA VERSUS EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Shrestha Pramesh Sunder , Shrestha Ninadini , Shrestha Anil , Amatya Roshana , Shakya Bigen Man , Karki Bipin 
Published: May 2022

Background: Regional anaesthesia are widely utilized in surgical gynaecology practice. The Com­bined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia (CSEA) technique and Continuous epidural anaesthesia both have been extensively used in elective gynaecological surgeries. This prospective cross-sectional comparative study was designed to compare the quality of anaesthesia between CSEA and Epi­dural anaesthesia.
Methods: Sixty-four patients between age group 15- 65 years of ASA grade I, II were randomly di­vided into 2 groups. Group A patients received CSEA using “double needle double interspace tech­nique” and were given 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal block. Group B patients received epidural block with catheter using 10 ml of 0.5% plain bupivacaine. In all patients, subse­quent dosage of 2 ml per unblocked segment 0.5% plain bupivacaine was administered through the epidural catheter to achieve a block up to T4-5. Mean was calculated using t-test, median with Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test where appropriate and the Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS program, version 11.0.
Results: The surgical anaesthesia and motor blockade occurred significantly early in CSEA group. Duration of analgesia was significantly shorter in CSEA (84.1±40.6 min) as compared to epidural group (138.6±32.9 min). The total amount of bupivacaine required to attain the same target level was two times in epidural group (p<0.05). Haemodynamic changes were comparable in both the groups. No neurological side effects were observed.
Conclusions: Sequential CSEA is superior alternative to epidural block, which combines the advan­tages of spinal and epidural while minimizing their drawbacks in elective gynaecological surgeries.
MEASUREMENT OF CEPHALIC AND FACIAL INDICES AMONG STUDENTS OF KUSMS
Authors: Mansur Dil Islam , Maskey Sunima , Shrestha Pragya , Shrestha Anupama , Sharma Kalpana , Yadav Avinay 
Published: May 2022

Background: The description of the human face has been a major concern since long time. Indi­vidual identification is one such field where anthropometric parameters, especially cephalo-facial measurements, are an important tool in determining the various shapes of head and face. Hence the objective of the study was to determine the shapes of head and face.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and observational type which consisted of 222 individuals (115 female and 107 male). It was conducted from January to June, 2019 after receiving ethical approval. The cephalic and facial indices were derived after measuring length and breadth of head and face. The collected data was entered in excel and analyzed with SPSS (22.0).
Results: The present study observed that the most common type of face was hyperleptoprosopic 168 (75.68%) followed by leptoprosopic 43 (19.37%), mesoprosopic 10 (4.50% female only) and euryprosopic 1 (0.93% male only). Similarly, the most common type of head was dolicocephalic 165 (74.33%), followed by mesocephalic 51 (22.97%), and brachycephalic 6 (2.70%).
Conclusions: This study concluded that the hyperleptoprosopic face was most common type and the least common type was euryprosopic face. The most common type of head was found to be dolicocephalic and the least common type was found to be brachycephalic.