bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The weaning practices: A new challenge for pediatricians?
Authors: Nuzzi Giulia , Gerini Carlotta , Comberiati Pasquale , Peroni Diego G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction of complementary feeding, or weaning, is the period where infants are gradually introduced to solid foods, with a progressive reduction of breastfeeding or bottle‐feeding. Weaning represents a crucial nutritional moment in the growth and development of infants, and it can also affect future health. Throughout the years, various weaning strategies have been proposed, ranging from classic to baby‐led weaning. Recently, vegetarian‐/vegan‐based approaches are also being increasingly adopted by young parents. This rostrum aims to critically address the safety profiles of current weaning practices for infants and to highlight the important role of pediatricians in choosing the most advisable weaning approach for their patients.
Update on idiopathic anaphylaxis
Authors: Calvani Mauro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdiopathic anaphylaxis (AI) refers to anaphylaxis without a recognizable cause after a comprehensive allergic workup. The diagnostic approach usually includes an accurate clinical history aimed at excluding both the most and the less frequent causes of anaphylaxis and all pathologies that may resemble anaphylaxis. AI is more common in adults than in children. The epidemiology of AI has been reduced in recent years, probably to increase knowledge and discover new clinical entities, such as the α‐gal anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis results from the massive activation of the mast cells (MCs). Thus, it is also necessary to exclude MC disorders, such as mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome, and α‐tryptasemia, which may manifest with IA symptoms.
COVID‐19, anosmia, and ageusia in atopic children
Authors: Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Brindisi Giulia , Indolfi Cristiana , Diaferio Lucia , Marchese Giuseppe , Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Zicari Anna Maria , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMore than a year and a half after the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, symptoms, such as loss of smell and taste (anosmia and ageusia, respectively), remain difficult to characterize and quantify, especially in children, since no validated tests to assess these disorders are available. However, these symptoms can also be seen in children, although less frequently than observed in the adult population. In this article, we present the results of a national survey that collected the responses of 267 Italian pediatricians on the presence of anosmia and ageusia in children affected by COVID‐19. These data were then compared with existing literature.
Association between IL‐10 systemic low level and highest pain score in patients during symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Bussmann Allan J. C. , Ferraz Camila R. , Lima Aline V. A. , Castro João G. S. , Ritter Patrícia D. , Zaninelli Tiago H. , Saraiva‐Santos Telma , Verri Waldiceu A. , Borghi Sergio M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide variety of Covid‐19 symptoms, pain and the related mechanisms underlying unsettled nociceptive status are still under‐prioritized. Understanding the complex network of Covid‐19‐related pain may result in new lines of study. It is unknown whether patient's immunological background influences pain in the acute phase of Covid‐19, including musculoskeletal pain. Thus, we evaluated the blood levels of selected molecules that are upregulated in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and analyzed a possible correlation with pain during Covid‐19.MethodsA cohort of 20 hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnoses for Covid‐19 were evaluated in the context of pain. Visual analogic scale (VAS) was applied to quantitate pain level. Blood tests were used to determine the systemic levels of cytokines (IL‐10 and IL‐1β), substance P, and leptin. The data were correlated when appropriate to determine the association between pain‐related markers and assessed pain intensity.ResultsOur findings show that systemic levels of IL‐10 have strong negative correlation with pain intensity on Covid‐19 patients. Additionally, we also show that leptin systemic levels were increased in Covid‐19 patients with pain, however, with moderate positive correlation between these events. IL‐1β and SP levels did not differ between Covid‐19 patients with or without pain. Men reported less pain compared to women. No differences were found between genders in the levels of the molecules evaluated in patients with pain.ConclusionIL‐10 has been described over the years as an anti‐inflammatory and analgesic cytokine. The present data support that low IL‐10 levels might contribute to Covid‐19‐associated pain.
Dissection of the genetic architecture of peduncle vascular bundle‐related traits in maize by a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Sun Gaoyang , Zhang Xuehai , Duan Haiyang , Gao Jionghao , Li Na , Su Pingping , Xie Huiling , Li Weihua , Fu Zhiyuan , Huang Yubi , Tang Jihua 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe peduncle vascular system of maize is critical for the transport of photosynthetic products, nutrients, and water from the roots and leaves to the ear. Accordingly, it positively affects the grain yield. However, the genetic basis of peduncle vascular bundle (PVB)‐related traits in maize remains unknown. Thus, 15 PVB‐related traits of 386 maize inbred lines were investigated at three locations (Yongcheng, 17YC; Kaifeng, 20KF; and Yuanyang, 20YY). The repeatability for the 15 traits ranged from 35.53% to 92.13%. A genome‐wide association study was performed and 69 non‐redundant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, including 9, 41, and 27 QTL identified at 17YC, 20KF, and 20YY, respectively. These QTL jointly explained 4.72% (SLL) to 37.30% (NSVB) of the phenotypic variation. Eight QTL were associated with the same trait at two locations. Furthermore, four pleiotropic QTL were identified. Moreover, one QTL (qPVB44), associated with NSVB_20KF, was co‐localized with a previously reported locus related to kernel width, implying qPVB44 may affect the kernel width by modulating the number of small vascular bundles. Examinations of the 69 QTL identified 348 candidate genes that were classified in five groups. Additionally, 26 known VB‐related homologous genes (e.g. VLN2, KNOX1, and UGT72B3) were detected in 20 of the 69 QTL. A comparison of the NSVB between a Zmvln2 EMS mutant and its wild type elucidated the function of the candidate gene ZmVLN2. These results are important for clarifying the genetic basis of PVB‐related traits and may be useful for breeding new high‐yielding maize cultivars.
The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension
Authors: Leventoğlu Emre , Pekçetin Şişik Pelin , Çelik İsmail Eray , Büyükkaragöz Bahar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hypertension (HT) has been increasingly reported in parallel to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in children, both of which are important components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID‐19 restrictions, which are believed to induce lifestyle changes and physical inactivity, on the parameters of metabolic syndrome in children with primary hypertension.MethodsThis was an observational, pre‐post study conducted on pediatric patients with primary HT. The first phase of the study was the period prior to when COVID‐19 restrictions were put in place in Turkey, and the second phase was up to the date when the restrictions were lifted. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, and hypertensive‐mediated organ damage at both phases of the study were compared.ResultsSevere restrictions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with an increase in mean ± standard deviation body mass index (BMI) (26.4 ± 7.3 vs. 27.2 ± 7.1, P = 0.002), antihypertensive drug use (n = 53 (57.6%) vs. n = 59 (64.1%), P < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose level (89.4 ± 12.6 vs. 94.1 ± 14.2, P = 0.013), and a borderline elevation in total cholesterol (21 [22.8%] vs. 28 [30.4%], P < 0.0001). These increases negatively affected end organs, with an increased frequency of interventricular septum hypertrophy (n = 12 [13%] vs. n = 17 [18.5%], P = 0.031).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 restrictions were associated with an increased risk of parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with primary hypertension. Physicians should carefully monitor the weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, and total cholesterol levels in patients during periods of movement/activity restrictions such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Etiology and outcome of acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Getsuwan Songpon , Tanpowpong Pornthep , Lertudomphonwanit Chatmanee , Junhasavasdikul Thitiporn , Tim‐Aroon Thipwimol , Treepongkaruna Suporn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the lack of data, we aimed to determine the etiology and outcome of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children in Southeast Asia.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. We included patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with pancreatitis from 2000 to 2021.ResultsAmong 155 patients with pancreatitis, 21 (13.5%) were diagnosed with either ARP (n = 7) or CP (n = 14). Clinical manifestations of CP included chronic abdominal pain (n = 10, 71.4%), steatorrhea (n = 8, 57.1%), and diabetes mellitus (n = 1, 7.1%). Positive radiological findings compatible with CP were detected from an abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in 70%, 90.9%, and 92.9% of patients, respectively. Genetic, metabolic, and pancreaticobiliary causes were the major causes of ARP/CP (23.8% each) and the etiologies were unidentified in one‐fifth of the patients. Patients with metabolic diseases who had AP were at‐risk of developing ARP (hazards ratio [HR], 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–13.9). Children with ARP or CP were younger than those with AP (P = 0.04). Approximately two‐thirds of patients with CP had growth faltering and they had more episodes of hospitalization due to acute attacks when compared to patients with ARP ( 4 [interquartile range [IQR], 3–6] vs. 3 [IQR, 2–3]; P = 0.02).ConclusionGenetic, metabolic, and pancreaticobiliary diseases were the common etiologies of ARP and CP among children living in a developing country in Southeast Asia. The burden of CP included malnutrition and frequent hospitalization. The findings emphasize the importance of an early etiological diagnosis and monitoring for pancreatic insufficiency in ARP/CP.
Mixed‐methods evaluation of a continuing education approach to improving district hospital care for children in Lao PDR
Authors: Safe Marianne , Wittick Penelope , Philaketh Khammanh , Manivong Amphayvanh , Gray Amy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the impact of a multifaceted intervention on improving acute hospital care provided to children in two district hospitals in northern Lao PDR.MethodsWe developed a continuing education intervention, which integrated separate program content using a common pool of facilitators and low‐fidelity simulation scenarios. Coaching was delivered over one year through two‐day hospital visits to each hospital six to eight weeks apart with visits incorporating feedback. A comparative case study was conducted between two hospital sites. Medical record abstraction from inpatient cases was performed at each visit. Focus groups and interviews with staff were conducted to understand perceived changes to case management.ResultsInpatient case management scores showed incremental improvement over time, from 50% at baseline to 80% at the end of one year at Hospital A and 52% to 97% at Hospital B. The key themes that emerged from the qualitative data from both hospitals were the value of the educational method and increased belief in capability. Hospital B showed more incremental and sustained improvement. Qualitative data revealed that the directors of Hospital B demonstrated modelling and behavioural reinforcement.ConclusionImproving the quality of care in low‐resource settings is feasible. A hands‐on practical approach with repeated coaching visits reinforced by feedback can lead to behaviour change. Optimal impact requires harnessing leadership and motivation for change among health workers.
Efficacy and safety of triple therapy versus dual therapy for lymphatic filariasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed T. , Abdelazeem Basel , Badr Helmy , Gamal Mohamed , Ashraf Mohamed , Abd‐elsalam Sherief 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveLymphatic filariasis is a serious public health issue. Recent studies showed that a single dosage of triple therapy (Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazepine, and Albendazole) is more effective than dual therapy (Ivermectin plus Albendazole or Diethylcarbamazepine plus Albendazole) for clearing microfilaria from the blood. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple therapy versus dual therapy in patients infected with microfilaria and communities endemic to lymphatic filariasis.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science until 24th June 2021. We included randomized control trials that compared triple with dual therapy given to patients with lymphatic filariasis or endemic communities. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021266724).ResultsWe included eight articles after the screening process. Triple therapy caused more clearance of microfilaria in the blood (RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.02; p = 0.003), while dual therapy caused more clearance of the circulating filariae antigen in the blood (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.88; p = 0.0003), both 12 months after drug administration. The triple therapy had a similar adverse effect compared with the dual therapy group.ConclusionBased on the greater efficacy in the clearance of microfilaria and the safety of triple therapy, it constitutes a better strategy for the eradication programs of lymphatic filariasis in endemic regions. However, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
KIN3 impacts arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and promotes fungal colonisation in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Irving Thomas B. , Chakraborty Sanhita , Ivanov Sergey , Schultze Michael , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Harrison Maria J. , Ané Jean‐Michel 
Published: January 2022

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help their host plant in the acquisition of nutrients, and this association is itself impacted by soil nutrient levels. High phosphorus levels inhibit the symbiosis, whereas high nitrogen levels enhance it. The genetic mechanisms regulating the symbiosis in response to soil nutrients are poorly understood. Here, we characterised the symbiotic phenotypes in four Medicago truncatula Tnt1‐insertion mutants affected in arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation. We located their Tnt1 insertions and identified alleles for two genes known to be involved in mycorrhization, RAM1 and KIN3. We compared the effects of the kin3‐2 and ram1‐4 mutations on gene expression, revealing that the two genes alter the expression of overlapping but not identical gene sets, suggesting that RAM1 acts upstream of KIN3. Additionally, KIN3 appears to be involved in the suppression of plant defences in response to the fungal symbiont. KIN3 is located on the endoplasmic reticulum of arbuscule‐containing cortical cells, and kin3‐2 mutants plants hosted significantly fewer arbuscules than the wild type. KIN3 plays an essential role in the symbiotic response to soil nitrogen levels, as, contrary to wild‐type plants, the kin3‐2 mutant did not exhibit increased root colonisation under high nitrogen.
A Study of a Pendulum-Like Vibration Isolator With Quasi-Zero-Stiffness
Authors: Tian Yishen , Cao Dengqing , Wang Yan , Tang Jie , Jiang Bolong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article introduces a pendulum element to a 3-spring vibration isolator to achieve a high-static-low-dynamic (HSLD) stiffness or even quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) around the equilibrium position. The model is first established, the equilibrium point is derived and the optimal stiffness ratio of this novel system at the equilibrium position is also obtained. Numerical simulation is given and the harmonic balance method (HBM) is used to obtain time responses for analysis. Effects of different parameters on the isolation performance are studied and summarized. Approximation force and displacement transmissibility of the system are calculated to evaluate the isolation performance. Comparisons are made with those of an equivalent linear isolator and the typical 1 degree-of-freedom (DOF) QZS isolator. Results show that the novel vibration isolator performs better than existing isolators under selected parameters. The left bent backbone of the novel isolator demonstrates evident softening geometric nonlinearity. Therefore, it achieves a wider frequency range of isolation than the linear 1DOF isolator and typical 3-spring QZS isolator. Moreover, the transmissibility of the novel isolator is smaller at higher frequencies as the jump phenomenon occurs on the left.
A Fuel Optimization Method for the Pursuer in the Spacecraft Pursuit-Evasion Game
Authors: Wang Qi-shuai , Li Pei , Lei Ting , Liu Xiao-feng , Cai Guo-ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe fuel optimization of the spacecraft is significant for its service life. In this paper, a fuel optimization method is proposed to solve the fuel optimization problem of the pursuer in the spacecraft pursuit-evasion game (SPE game). This method first takes both the magnitude and direction of the pursuer's thrust as the control variables to be optimized, then models the fuel optimization problem as a two-player zero-sum differential game whose payoff function is the fuel consumption of the pursuer, and finally obtains the optimal control strategy of the pursuer by solving the saddle point of the differential game. Considering that the solving of the saddle point usually leads to the solving of a high-dimensional (12-dimensional in this paper) two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP), which is very challenging, the proposed method adopts a dimension-reduction algorithm which can simplify the TPBVP to the solving of a four-dimensional nonlinear equations and a terminal constraint, and then presents an hybrid numerical algorithm combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the Powell algorithm to solve the nonlinear equations and terminal constraint. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve the fuel optimization of the pursuer in the SPE game and is robust to the orbital altitude, the initial relative state between the pursuer and evader and the magnitude of the evader's thrust.
Microscale to Macroscale—Extending Microscale Enhancement Techniques to Large-Scale Boiling Equipment
Authors: Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Boiling is a multiscale phenomenon. Nucleation and rapid bubble growth at the heated wall provide a highly localized mechanism for heat transfer to the surrounding liquid. The liquid–vapor interface of the growing bubble supplies latent heat needed to evaporate the liquid and sustain the bubble activity. Although the boiling process is efficient in removing large amounts of heat, further improvements are needed to increase the critical heat flux (CHF) as well as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in many applications. Recent developments in enhancing boiling heat transfer have mainly focused on small-scale heaters, typically on the order of a centimeter, that are particularly relevant in electronics cooling application. Many of these developments are based on fundamental understanding of the microscale processes of bubble nucleation, bubble growth and removal from the heater surface, and supply of liquid to the active nucleation sites. Some of these microscale enhancement techniques have set new records in heat dissipation (both CHF and HTC). This paper explores the potential of these microscale enhancement techniques in large-scale boiling equipment, such as boilers, reboilers, and evaporators in power generation, refrigeration, air conditioning, cryogenic, desalination, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Implementation of the microscale enhancement technologies in macroscale boiling equipment will provide the next level of energy efficiency and energy savings in the face of climate change and environmental concerns.
Uncovering the treatable burden of severe aortic stenosis in the UK
Authors: Strange Geoffrey A , Stewart Simon , Curzen Nick , Ray Simon , Kendall Simon , Braidley Peter , Pearce Keith , Pessotto Renzo , Playford David , Gray Huon H 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the population prevalence and treatable burden of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in the UK.MethodsWe adapted a contemporary model of the population profile of symptomatic and asymptomatic severe AS in Europe and North America to estimate the number of people aged ≥55 years in the UK who might benefit from surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).ResultsWith a point prevalence of 1.48%, we estimate that 291 448 men and women aged ≥55 years in the UK had severe AS in 2019. Of these, 68.3% (199 059, 95% CI 1 77 201 to 221 355 people) would have been symptomatic and, therefore, more readily treated according to their surgical risk profile; the remaining 31.7% of cases (92 389, 95% CI 70 093 to 144 247) being asymptomatic. Based on historical patterns of intervention, 58.4% (116 251, 95% CI 106 895 to 1 25 606) of the 199 059 symptomatic cases would qualify for SAVR, with 7208 (95% CI 7091 to 7234) being assessed as being in a high, preoperative surgical risk category. Among the remaining 41.6% (82 809, 95% CI 73 453 to 92 164) of cases potentially unsuitable for SAVR, an estimated 61.7% (51 093, 95% CI 34 780 to 67 655) might be suitable for TAVI. We estimate that 172 859 out of 291 448 prevalent cases of severe AS (59.3%) will subsequently die within 5 years without proactive management.ConclusionsThese data suggest a high burden of severe AS in the UK requiring surgical or transcatheter intervention that challenges the ongoing capacity of the National Health Service to meet the needs of those affected.
Soil carbohydrate and aggregation as affected by carbohydrate composition of paper mill biosolids
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura 
Published: January 2022

Paper mill biosolids (PB) are recognized as a valuable source of carbon for the physical improvement of arable soils. However, little is known about the composition of carbohydrates of these materials and their breakdown in soil, which contributes to soil structural stability. The objectives of this study were to characterize the carbohydrates in PB and to determine under controlled conditions and in the field the soil carbohydrate content and water-stable aggregation. The field experiment consisted of PB applied every year (2000–2008) at 0, 30, and 60 Mg wet weight·ha−1 to annual row crops with soils collected after 3, 6, and 9 yr. The other experiment consisted of PB added at 50 Mg wet weight·ha−1 to two soils, a clay and a sandy loam, and incubated at 25 °C and 60% water-filled pore space for 16 wk. The PB differed in their content in galactose, mannose, and arabinose for total fraction and sum of carbohydrates for water-soluble fraction. In the field, repeated annual PB application increased most of soil total carbohydrates (sum and individuals) after 3 yr and the proportion of >1 mm stable aggregates. The incubation study confirmed results obtained in the field, where the PB richest in carbohydrates induced the highest increases in soil total carbohydrates in both soil types. Soil total and microbial (galactose and mannose)-derived carbohydrates were closely correlated with the percentage of large aggregates, while with water-soluble carbohydrates, they are highly correlated to the amount of microbial carbohydrates applied, thus further contributing to improve soil C quality.