bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of bowel dilation on small bowel motility measurements with cine-MRI: assessment of two quantification techniques
Authors: van Rijn Kyra L , Stoker Jaap , Menys Alex , de Jonge Catharina S 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of bowel dilation on cine-MRI small bowel motility measurements, by comparing a conventional motility score (including bowel wall and lumen) with a bowel wall-specific motility score in healthy and diseased populations.Methods:Four populations were included: 10 Crohn’s patients with a stricture and prestricture dilation for segmental motility analysis, and 14 mannitol-prepared healthy subjects, 15 fasted healthy subjects and eight chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) patients (characterized by dilated bowel loops) for global small bowel motility analysis. All subjects underwent a cine-MRI scan from which two motility scores were calculated: a conventional score (including bowel wall and lumen) and a bowel wall-specific score. The difference between the two scores was calculated per population and compared between groups with a one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer analysis.Results:In Crohn’s patients, the median (IQR) change between the conventional and wall-specific motility score was 0% (-2 to +4%) within the stricture and 0% (−1 to +7%) in the prestricture dilation. For the global small bowel, this was −1% (−5 to 0%) in mannitol-prepared healthy subjects, −2% (−6 to +2%) in fasted healthy subjects and +14% (+6 to+20%) in CIPO patients. The difference between the two motility scores in CIPO patients differed significantly from the four other groups (p = 0.002 to p < 0.001).Conclusions:The conventional small bowel motility score seems robust in Crohn’s disease patients and healthy subjects. In patients with globally and grossly dilated bowel loops, a bowel-wall specific motility score may give a better representation of small bowel motility.Advances in knowledge:These findings support researchers and clinicians with making informed choices for using cine-MRI motility analysis in different populations.
Effectiveness of Clinical Presentation (CP) Curriculum in teaching clinical medicine to undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Adhikari Yadav Saroj , Poudel Sangeeta , Gautam Swotantra , Jaiswal Sanjay Kumar , Baskota Samikchya , Adhikari Aaradhana , Duwadi Binod , Baral Nischit , Yadav Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The Clinical Presentation (CP) curriculum was first formulated in 1990 at the University of Calgary, Canada. Since then, it has been adopted at various medical schools, including Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), a state-funded medical school in a low-income country (LIC), Nepal. This study aims to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of the CP curriculum by students and faculty at PAHS, and test knowledge retention through a surprise non-routine exam administered to students. Method: This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the efficacy of the CP curriculum in teaching clinical medicine to the first batch of MBBS students of PAHS School of Medicine. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC)-PAHS (Ref no std1505911069). Perceived effectiveness was evaluated using a set of questionnaires for faculty and students. A total of 33 students and 34 faculty filled the perception questionnaires. Subsequently, a questionnaire consisting of 50 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) from different clinical medicine disciplines was administered to test students’ knowledge retention. Out of 49 students, 38 participated in the surprise non-routine exam.  Result: A significantly higher number of faculty preferred the CP curriculum compared to the traditional system of teaching clinical medicine (16 vs 11, Kruskal Wallis: 0.023, ie. P-value < 0.05). A significantly higher number of the students liked and recommended CP curriculum in the clinical year of medical education (20 vs. 13 with p-value < 0.05). In the non-routine surprise exam, two thirds of the students scored 60% or above. Conclusion: Both faculty and students perceive that the CP curriculum system is an effective teaching and learning method in medical education, irrespective of their different demographic and positional characteristics. The students’ overall performance was good in surprise, non-routine exams taken without scheduling or reminders.
Swedish Vocational Adult Education in the Wake of Marketisation
Authors: Andersson Per , Muhrman Karolina 
Published: February 2022

Context: This study is about vocational education and training for adults within municipal adult education (MAE). Sweden has a long tradition of adult education, and has one of the world's highest proportions of participants in adult education. The Swedish education system is characterised by extensive marketisation with many private actors, particularly in adult education. The focus of this article is on the enactment of the market orientation in vocational adult education, with the purpose of showing how vocational adult education is organised in different ways in Swedish municipalities and how national adult education policy is enacted in local VET practices. Methods: The data consist of documents presenting relevant national policies for adult education, in particular on vocational education, and semi-structured interviews with adult education leaders in 20 municipalities. Findings: The findings show that MAE in Sweden has a clear labour market focus on offering education that corresponds to working life's labour requirements. Most municipalities have a shortage of staff in elderly care and childcare, which is why they offer a large number of training places in these professions. Many immigrants choose these training programmes to get a job. It is also common for municipalities to offer these training programmes in combination with SFI (Swedish for immigrants). This means that MAE fulfils an important function for integration. VET in MAE is offered as school-based training, apprenticeships or distance education. Offering VET at a distance makes it possible to provide a wider range of training programmes, and enables people who have difficulties participating in on-site training (due to commitments such as work or young children) to take part. Apprenticeship training provides work experience and often leads to employment. However, a weak interest in apprenticeship training among students and difficulties finding apprenticeship placements are examples of reasons why the number of apprenticeships is often very limited. Conclusion: Swedish MAE is characterised by flexibility and a broad supply of courses. However, there is a clear focus on certain vocational areas – mainly within the municipal organisation. This gives reason to question whether publicly funded VET for adults should mainly prepare participants for publicly funded labour-market sectors, or whether other sectors could also benefit from newly trained adults. Since vocational training within MAE is of great importance for immigrants' establishment in the labour market, there is a risk that unilateral investments in certain vocations will limit immigrants' career opportunities.
Promoting action on structural drivers of health inequity: principles for policy evaluation
Authors: Schram Ashley , Townsend Belinda , Mackean Tamara , Freeman Toby , Fisher Matt , Harris Patrick , Whitehead Margaret , van Eyk Helen , Baum Fran , Friel Sharon 
Published: February 2022

Background:Insufficient progress has been made towards reducing health inequities, due in part to a lack of action on the root causes of health inequities. At present, there is a limited evidence base to guide policy decision making in this space.
Key points for discussion:This paper proposes new principles for researchers to conduct health equity policy evaluation. Four key principles are presented: (1) where to evaluate – shifting from familiar to unfamiliar terrain; (2) who to evaluate – shifting from structures of vulnerability to structures of privilege; (3) what to evaluate – shifting from simple figures to complex constructs; and (4) how to evaluate – shifting from ‘gold standard’ to more appropriate ‘fit-for-purpose’ designs. These four principles translate to modifying the policy domains investigated, the populations targeted, the indicators selected, and the methods employed during health equity policy evaluation. The development and implementation of these principles over a five-year programme of work is demonstrated through case studies which reflect the principles in practice.
Conclusions and implications:The principles are shared to encourage other researchers to develop evaluation designs of sufficient complexity that they can advance the contribution of health equity policy evaluation to structural policy reforms. As a result, policies and actions on the social determinants of health might be better oriented to achieve the redistribution of power and resources needed to address the root causes of health inequities.
Health, social and economic implications of adolescent risk behaviours/states: protocol for Raine Study Gen2 cohort data linkage study
Authors: Marino Jennifer L , Tait Robert J , Straker Leon M , Schofield Deborah J , Doherty Dorota A , Ivers Rebecca Q , Graham Petra L , Steinbeck Katharine , Lymer Sharyn , Sanci Lena A , Patton George C , Liu Bette , Brooks Fiona M , Kang Melissa S , Hickey Martha , Cunich Michelle , Bista Sarita , Skinner S. Rachel 
Published: February 2022

Background:Risk-taking behaviours are a major contributor to youth morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability to these negative outcomes is constructed from individual behaviour including risk-taking, and from social context, ecological determinants, early life experience, developmental capacity and mental health, contributing to a state of higher risk. However, although risk-taking is part of normal adolescent development, there is no systematic way to distinguish young people with a high probability of serious adverse outcomes, hindering the capacity to screen and intervene. This study aims to explore the association between risk behaviours/states in adolescence and negative health, social and economic outcomes through young adulthood.
Methods:The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1989–91, in Perth, Western Australia. The offspring cohort (N = 2,868) was followed up at regular intervals from 1 to 27 years of age. These data will be linked to State government health and welfare administrative data.
We will empirically examine relationships across multiple domains of risk (for example, substance use, sexual behaviour, driving) with health and social outcomes (for instance, road-crash injury, educational underachievement). Microsimulation models will measure the impact of risk-taking on educational attainment and labour force outcomes.
Discussion:Comprehensive preventive child health programmes and policy prioritise a healthy start to life. This is the first linkage study focusing on adolescence to adopt a multi-domain approach, and to integrate health economic modelling. This approach captures a more complete picture of health and social impacts of risk behaviour/​states in adolescence and young adulthood.
Plasmon-assisted fiber polarizers with high extinction ratio and low insertion loss
Authors: Shang Liang , Feng Sujuan , Liu Guangqiang , Shi Meng , Zhao Yuefeng 
Published: February 2022

We propose a compact plasmon-assisted in-line fiber polarizer with metal films selectively coated on the lateral surface of the cladding in a conventional single mode fiber. The polarization-dependent loss mechanism intrinsically originates from the polarization-selective excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at both interfaces of metal films. Both the polarization extinction ratio (PER) and insertion loss (IL) of the plasmonic fiber polarizer strongly depend on the strength of the interaction between the polarized core modes and SPP modes. We numerically demonstrate the performances of an Au-coated and an Al-coated fiber polarizers, respectively. Both of them can achieve a PER at least higher than 10 dB/mm over the whole C- and L-bands. Notably, the PERs at 1550 nm in the Au-coated and Al-coated fiber polarizers can be up to 37.3 dB/mm and 29.4 dB/mm, respectively. The IL in the Al-coated fiber polarizer is about an order of magnitude higher than that in the Au-coated one, but it can still be lower than 0.1 dB/mm over the C- and L-bands. The achievable excellent performance shows that our proposed plasmonic fiber polarizer can provide a promising candidate for compact all-fiber polarizers with a high PER and a low IL.
Does simultaneous soft tissue augmentation around immediate or delayed dental implant placement using sub-epithelial connective tissue graft provide better outcomes compared to other treatment options? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aldhohrah Taghrid , Qin Ge , Liang Dongliang , Song Wanxing , Ge Linhu , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Wang Liping 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The clinical benefits of simultaneous implant placement and soft tissue augmentation using different treatment modalities are unclear. The current meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of simultaneous soft tissue augmentation using subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) around immediate or delayed dental implant placement with other treatment modalities on the peri-implant tissue health and esthetic.

Methods
Up to May 2021, four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were searched. Randomized control trials with follow-up >3 months, evaluating simultaneous implant placement (immediate or delayed) and soft tissue augmentation using SCTG compared with other treatment modalities were included. The predictor variables were SCTG versus no augmentation with/without guided bone regeneration (GBR) or other augmentation techniques (Acellular dermal matrix (ADM), Xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM). The outcome variables were buccal tissue thickness (BTT), mid-buccal gingival level (MGL), marginal bone loss (MBL), and pink esthetic scores (PES). Cumulative mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated.

Results
Twelve studies were included. SCTG along with immediate implant placement (IIP) or delayed implant placement (DIP) showed a statistically significant improvement in BTT (Fixed; MD, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.51; 0.97), MGL (Fixed; MD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.21; 0.80), PES (Fixed; MD, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.29; 1.29), and less MBL (Fixed; MD, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.14; -0.08) compared to no graft (P<0.05). A statistically insignificant differences in BTT (Random; MD, 0.62; 95% CI, -0.41; 1.65), MGL (Fixed; MD, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.23; 0.11), MBL (Fixed; MD, 0.36; 95% CI, -0.05; 0.77) and PES (Fixed; MD, 0.28; 95% CI, -0.10; 0.67) was observed when SCTG along with DIP was compared with no augmentation plus GBR. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed when comparing SCTG along with DIP with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) concerning BTT (MD:0.71, P = 0.18) and KMW (MD: 0.6, P = 0.19).

Conclusion
There is a very low quality of evidence to provide recommendations on whether simultaneous dental implant placement (IIP or DIP) and soft tissue augmentation using SCTG is superior to no augmentation or is comparable to the other tissue augmentation materials in improving the quality and quantity of peri-implant tissues. Therefore, further, well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and long follow-up times are still needed.
Epidemiology and injury trends in the National Basketball Association: Pre- and per-COVID-19 (2017–2021)
Authors: Torres-Ronda Lorena , Gámez Ignacio , Robertson Sam , Fernández José 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The aim this study was to provide an epidemiological injury analysis of the National Basketball Association, detailing aspects such as frequency rate, characteristics and impact on performance (missed games), including COVID-19 related and non-related injuries.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted from the 2017–18 to 2020–2021 season. Publicly available records from the official website of the National Basketball Association were collected, including player’s profiling data, minutes played per game until the injury occurred, unique injuries and injury description [location (body area), diagnosis (or mechanism)], and missed games due to injury.

Results
A total of 625 players and 3543 unique injuries were registered during the period analyzed. There was an increased incidence of missed games and unique injuries ratios, from 2017–18 until 2020–21, even when excluding COVID-19 related cases. The main body areas of injuries corresponded to lower body injuries, specifically knee, ankle and foot. The tendon/ligament group, for both games missed and unique injuries, showed the higher ratios (1.16 and 0.21, respectively), followed by muscle (0.69 and 0.16, respectively) and bones (0.30 and 0.03, respectively). Irrespective of season, the higher percentage of unique injuries occurred in the group of players playing in the 26–35 minutes, followed by the 16–25 minutes played. Guards showed the highest injury ratios compared to other playing positions. Most injuries and missed games due to injury occurred from mid-season to the end of the regular season. The majority of both injuries and missed games were concentrated in the two central experience groups (from 6 to 15 years).

Conclusions
Despite previous efforts to better understand injury risk factors, there has been an increase in unique injuries and missed games. The distribution by body area, type of injury, when they occurred, minutes played and outcomes by play position, age a or years of experience vary between season and franchises.
Three-dimensional heads-up surgery in ab-interno trabeculotomy: Image processing-assisted trabeculotomy
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Fujishiro Takashi , Sugimoto Koichiro , Aihara Makoto 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
We compared the visibility and surgeon posture between image-processing-assisted trabeculotomy (IP-LOT) using the NGENUITY® 3D visual system and conventional microsurgery (microscope-assisted trabeculotomy; MS-LOT).

Methods
IP-LOT was performed for five pig eyes. The visibility of the trabecular mesh work was evaluated on images of the trabecular mesh work and the posterior surface of the cornea (Cor) obtained under three different conditions. Images were then analyzed using ImageJ® to measure differences in luminance between the trabecular mesh work and Cor. IP-LOT was also performed for eleven human eyes, and the data were analyzed using the same approach as that used for the pig eyes. The length from the surgeon’s abdomen to the operative eye (working distance) during MS-LOT and IP-LOT was measured for 12 different surgeons and compared to evaluate surgeon posture.

Results
Image processing significantly increased the difference in luminance between the trabecular mesh work and Cor in both pig and human eyes (p < 0.05). Moreover, the working distance in IP-LOT was significantly shorter than that in MS-LOT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the NGENUITY® 3D visual system provides better trabecular mesh work visibility than a normal microscope in conventional surgical methods, and it allows surgeons to operate without moving far from the operative eye.
Sustainable Luxury and Jewelry, Ivan Coste-Manière and Miguel Ángel Gardetti (eds) (2021)
Authors: Nimo Ken Kweku 
Published: February 2022

Review of: Sustainable Luxury and Jewelry, Ivan Coste-Manière and Miguel Ángel Gardetti (eds) (2021)
Singapore: Springer, 229 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-81162-454-4, e-book, £87.50
The pandemic as a spectacle
Authors: Lukan Blaž 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present contribution looks at possible performative practices during the time of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, which stigmatizes both physical bodies and the social body, with the greatest threat to the physical body represented by the violent interventions of the state into medical matters. Apart from its real dimensions, the pandemic also possesses a strong symbolic note. In its discussion of the ‘phenomenology of Covid prevention in the performative context’, the article touches upon the use of protective masks, minimum distance between audience members, testing and vaccination as intrusions into the spectator’s body, the participatory potential of performative events during the time of pandemic and limitation brought about by their online (Zoom) performances.
SOUNDTRACK LA TABKI YA ṢAGHIRĪ DALAM FILM ABṬALU DĪGITAL (ANALISIS SEMIOTIK RIFFATERRE)
Authors: Firdausah Isyqie 
Published: February 2022

This research has “Lā Tabki yā Ṣaghīrī” as a material object, an original soundtrack of Abṭalu Dīgital, a very popular movie in s2000. The song lyric is analyzed by Riffaterre’s Semiotics Theory which introduces two levels of reading. Based on the analysis of this research, the potential hypogram shows that the parents give advices about reaching for dreams to their child who is in despair. The dream has something to do with raindrops philosophy. The models found are juhdun ‘effort’, amal ‘dream’, alwān ‘colours’, dan hayāh ‘life’. The matrix is “advises about human as khalifatullah in the world”. The actual hypogram is human’s missions as khalifatullah based on verses of al-Quran, hadith of the prophet, and interpretations of some mufassir such as Quraish Shihab and al-Buthi. It then is concluded that khalifah is like raindrop. It emits various colour spectrums, shows beautiful rainbow, and spreads-out love. One raindrop collaborates to another and sticks together to become pulse of the world.
Media Violence and Quality of Life among Young Children and Youth in Sialkot, Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Salbia , Jami Rabia , Iddress Laiba , Abbas Saira , Bibi Khuzaifa 
Published: February 2022

Purpose – Media has proved to be a handy tool in education, arts, science, sports, and culture. People spend most of their time watching television, playing video games, and surfing the internet. This study aims to identify how violence in media affects the quality of life among children and youth.Design/methods/approach – A random sample of 181 individuals ranging in age from 7 to 24 was collected online using a Google form questionnaire. An organized self-report Questionnaire had four segments: 1) Consent Form; 2) Demographic Information of Participant; 3) The Content-based Media Exposure Scale(C-ME); 4) Quality of Life Scale (QOL). First part of C-ME shows that exposure to anti-social media content had a negative relationship with quality of life scale [r= -.189, n= 181, P= .011] while second part of C-ME (neutral items) had a positive relationship with quality of life scale [r= .265, n= 181, P= .00].Findings – Findings of this study suggest that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to be reasonable for each social setting.Research implications/limitations – Sample size could be increased due to compliance with COVID-19 SOP. Online data were collected via Google forms. More research is required to eradicate this issue among children and youth, turning into aggression later in life. This study welcomes all upcoming researchers to work on this for better results.Practical implications – The results of this study show a positive relationship between media violence and quality of life among young children. The quality of life is highly deteriorating because of anti-social media content in various countries. It shows that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to eradicate current issues in the community.Originality/value – Results of this study highlight the relationship between media content and the quality of life of young children and youth, but this broad topic still requests conclusive discussion and research worldwide.
Paper type Research paper