bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chatbots in the frontline: drivers of acceptance
Authors: Aslam Wajeeha , Ahmed Siddiqui Danish , Arif Imtiaz , Farhat Kashif 
Published: April 2022

PurposeBy extending the service robot acceptance model (sRAM), this study aims to explore and enhance the acceptance of chatbots. The study considered functional, relational, social, user and gratification elements in determining the acceptance of chatbots.Design/methodology/approachBy using the purposive sampling technique, data of 321 service customers, gathered from millennials through a questionnaire and subsequent PLS-SEM modeling, was applied for hypotheses testing.FindingsFindings revealed that the functional elements, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affect acceptance of chatbots. However, in social elements, only perceived social interactivity affects the acceptance of chatbots. Moreover, both user and gratification elements (hedonic motivation and symbolic motivation) significantly influence the acceptance of chatbots. Lastly, trust is the only contributing factor for the acceptance of chatbots in the relational elements.Practical implicationsThe study extends the literature related to chatbots and offers several guidelines to the service industry to effectively employ chatbots.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that used newly developed sRAM in determining chatbot acceptance. Moreover, the study extended the sRAM by adding user and gratification elements and privacy concerns as originally sRAM model was limited to functional, relational and social elements.
Successful treatment with dacarbazine against a parathyroid hormone‐related protein‐producing melanoma causing hypercalcemia after immune checkpoint inhibitor failure
Authors: Waki Yuma , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Katsumata Fuminori , Asahina Akihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer‐associated hypercalcemia commonly occurs through abnormal secretions of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) from cancer cells. Several cases of PTHrP‐producing melanoma causing hypercalcemia have been reported; however, effective management of PTHrP‐producing BRAF wild‐type melanoma causing hypercalcemia after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) failure is unclear. We report a case of PTHrP‐producing BRAF wild‐type melanoma leading to oncological emergency by hypercalcemia that was successfully treated with dacarbazine after ICI failure. A 65‐year‐old Japanese woman had advanced BRAF wild‐type melanoma that was refractory to ICI, and then led to hypoxia through exacerbated lung metastases and pleural effusion. Moreover, hypercalcemia appeared in parallel with increase of the serum PTHrP level. Dacarbazine was administered, and after the first administration, the pleural effusion was gradually decreased and hypoxia rapidly disappeared, and the serum calcium and PTHrP levels were improved within normal limits. Dacarbazine after ICI failure is potentially a useful option for oncological emergency due to progression of BRAF wild‐type melanoma including PTHrP‐producing types. Dacarbazine should be reevaluated as a therapeutic option for oncological emergency in patients with BRAF wild‐type melanoma after ICI failure.
Functional traits and foraging behaviour: Avian vampire fly larvae change the beak and fitness of their Darwin's finch hosts
Authors: Kleindorfer Sonia , Colombelli‐Négrel Diane , Common Lauren K. , O'Connor Jody A. , Peters Katharina J. , Katsis Andrew C. , Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Sulloway Frank J. , Adreani Nicolas M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe avian beak is a key morphological trait used for foraging. If parasites alter beak shape, we may expect changes in host foraging behaviour. Larvae of the avian vampire flyPhilornis downsicause naris enlargement in Darwin's finch nestlings when first and second instar larvae consume keratin, blood and tissue from inside the beak of the developing host. This naris malformation persists into adulthood, where nares that are >15% of total beak length are considered enlarged.We measured effects of parasite‐induced naris enlargement on foraging behaviour, foraging niche overlap and body condition in Darwin's finches on Floreana Island. Foraging behaviour was ranked by the stress per foraging technique exerted on the beak and ranged from least stress for ‘gleaning’ to most stress for ‘chip off bark’.Naris enlargement occurred in 34% of adult birds. The most common foraging technique differed among species: medium tree finches (Camarhynchus pauper) often chipped off bark to extract subsurface prey, small tree finches (C. parvulus) often gleaned surface prey from foliage, hybrids gleaned prey from bark and foliage, and small ground finches (Geospiza fuliginosa) mostly foraged on the ground. InC. pauper, birds with naris enlargement did more gleaning and less subsurface prey excavation. Foraging niche across species was most similar in birds with naris enlargement. Finally, body condition was lower in insectivorous tree finches with malformed beaks.A novel aspect of this study is the idea that parasite‐induced alterations to phenotype affect ecological processes and interspecific interactions at large temporal and spatial scales. The parasitism occurs early in life but the ecological effects of this parasitism, if causative, are happening later.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Impact of COVID‐19 vaccinations on emergency department presentations
Authors: Brichko Lisa , Van Breugel Lila , Underhill Andrew , Tran Huyen , Mitra Biswadev , Cameron Peter A , Smit De Villiers , Giles Michelle L , McCreary David , Paton Andrew , O'Reilly Gerard M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to describe the burden of patients presenting to the ED with symptoms occurring after receiving a COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study performed over a 4‐month period across two EDs. Participants were eligible for inclusion if it was documented in the ED triage record that their ED attendance was associated with the receipt of a COVID‐19 vaccination. Data regarding the type of vaccine (Comirnaty or ChAdOx1) were subsequently extracted from their electronic medical record. Primary outcome was ED length of stay (LOS) and secondary outcomes included requests for imaging and ED disposition destination.ResultsDuring the study period of 22 February 2021 to 21 June 2021, 632 patients were identified for inclusion in the present study, of which 543 (85.9%) had received the ChAdOx1 vaccination. The highest proportion of COVID‐19 vaccine‐related attendances occurred in June 2021 and accounted for 21 (8%) of 262 total daily ED attendances. Patients who had an ED presentation related to ChAdOx1 had a longer median ED LOS (253 vs 180 min, P < 0.001) compared to Comirnaty and a higher proportion had haematology tests and imaging requested in the ED. Most patients (n = 588, 88.8%) were discharged home from the ED.ConclusionThere was a notable proportion of ED attendances related to recent COVID‐19 vaccination administration, many of which were associated with lengthy ED stays and had multiple investigations. In the majority of cases, the patients were able to be discharged home from the ED.
Correlates of persistence in remnant populations of two Critically Endangered cockatoos
Authors: Reuleaux A. , Collar N. J. , Jones M. J. , Limu R. N. D. , Mardiastuti A. , Pinto P. , Siregar B. A. , Marsden S. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA challenge with species that have disappeared from most of their range is to identify the correlates of local persistence. With species decimated by trade, site‐specific trapping risk is hard to capture by remotely accessed predictors. The recently split yellow‐crested cockatooCacatua sulphureaand citron‐crested cockatooC. citrinocristatahave undergone catastrophic declines due to habitat loss and especially trapping, and are now extinct in much of their former range across Indonesia. Of 144 sites on 30 islands known to contain the species in 1950, only 76 on 27 islands did so in 2017–2019, with many of the other 68 experiencing extinctions between 1985 and 2000. We compared socio‐ecological conditions such as forest cover and loss, human population density and infrastructure, and protected area status between the occupied and unoccupied sites, using ‘random forests’ within decreasing time intervals 1950–2015. Populations on Sulawesi and West Nusa Tenggara were more likely to become extinct than those on Sumba, Timor‐Leste and small remote islands. Sites retaining cockatoos had high proportions of tree cover, low road density and low human densities. The relative importance of these factors changed little over time, but road density and human density became respectively more and less important in recent years. The examination of local conditions at ‘false negative’ sites (where cockatoos survived contrary to model predictions) showed that, particularly in recent years, cockatoo survival has been promoted by site‐specific protection due to traditional beliefs, NGO activities, dedicated individual residents and local topographic barriers. Some of these local influences add complexity to the task of conserving cockatoo strongholds, but also offer exciting possibilities for low‐cost conservation prescriptions tailored to individual sites. Studies combining field and remotely sensed data, and examining false negative sites for beneficial location‐specific conditions, have broad application for the conservation of taxa with once‐large ranges.
Outcomes and success of new tiered perinatal transfer policy within a tertiary level obstetric unit in Australia
Authors: Brown James , Busz Felicity , Alahakoon Thushari I. , Zen Monica 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundNew South Wales Health introduced the new Tiered Networking Arrangements for Perinatal Care in New South Wales policy directive (TPN Policy), which defined key performance and quality indicators after implementation.AimsThis study aims to assess the success of the TPN Policy implementation in the Western Sydney TPN in accordance with key performance indicators.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of acute perinatal transfers within the Western Sydney TPN between 1 December 2019 to 31 December 2020. The primary outcome is compliance with objectives of the TPN Policy, as measured as an Aggregate Compliance Score comprising the five measures. Secondary outcomes include clinical, neonatal and logistics outcomes.ResultsThere were 181 acute perinatal transfers within, into or out of the Western Sydney TPN between 1 December 2019 to 31 December 2020. There were 122 transfers within the network, 40 into the TPN and 19 were out of the TPN. All groups were at least partially compliant with the TPN Policy. No transfers in any of groups scored below three (‘partially compliant’). A quarter of transfers gave birth within 24 h of transfer. Over half of those who were transferred and admitted went on to give birth prior to discharge or transfer.ConclusionsOverall, the TPN Policy met its objectives after implementation in the Western Sydney TPN, while maintaining appropriate neonatal outcomes. All women arrived at an appropriate facility prior to giving birth, although the majority did not give birth within 24 h. Neonatal intensive care unit bed availability is a key limitation to future improvement.
Association between early change in neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio after radical cystectomy and treatment outcomes
Authors: Herzberg Haim , Lifshitz Karin , Golan Shay , Baniel Jack , Malshy Kamil , Hoffman Azik , Amiel Gilad E. , Zreik Rani , Freifeld Yuval , Dekel Yoram , Lasmanovich Rinat , Lazarovich Alon , Rosenzweig Barak , Dotan Zohar , Yossepowitch Ofer , Mano Roy 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the associations of peri‐operative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and change in NLR with survival after radical cystectomy.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a multicentre cohort of patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy between 2010 and 2020. Preoperative NLR, postoperative NLR, delta‐NLR (postoperative minus preoperative NLR) and NLR change (postoperative divided by preoperative NLR) were calculated. Patients were stratified based on elevation of preoperative and/ or postoperative NLR above the median values. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of peri‐operative NLR and NLR change with survival.ResultsThe study cohort included 346 patients with a median age of 69 years. The median (interquartile range) preoperative NLR, postoperative NLR, delta‐NLR and NLR change were 2.55 (1.83, 3.90), 3.33 (2.21, 5.20), 0.43 (−0.50, 2.08) and 1.2 (0.82, 1.96), respectively. Both preoperative and postoperative NLR were elevated in 110 patients (32%), 126 patients (36%) had an elevated preoperative or postoperative NLR, and 110 patients (32%) did not have an elevated NLR. On multivariable analysis, increased preoperative and postoperative NLR were significantly associated with decreased survival. While delta‐NLR and NLR change were not associated with outcome, patients with elevations in both preoperative and postoperative NLR had the worst overall (hazard ratio [HR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78, 4.95; P < 0.001) and cancer‐specific survival rates (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.3, 4.4; P = 0.004).ConclusionsPreoperative and postoperative NLR are significant predictors of survival after radical cystectomy; patients in whom both NLR measures were elevated had the worst outcomes. Future studies should evaluate whether an increase in NLR during long‐term follow‐up may precede disease recurrence.
The functional form of specialised predation affects whether Janzen–Connell effects can prevent competitive exclusion
Authors: Smith Daniel J. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJanzen–Connell effects (JCEs), specialised predation of seeds and seedlings near conspecific trees, are hypothesised to maintain species richness. While previous studies show JCEs can maintain high richness relative to neutral communities, recent theoretical work indicates JCEs may weakly inhibit competitive exclusion when species exhibit interspecific fitness variation. However, recent models make somewhat restrictive assumptions about the functional form of specialised predation—that JCEs occur at a fixed rate when offspring are within a fixed distance of a conspecific tree. Using a theoretical model, I show that the functional form of JCEs largely impacts their ability to maintain coexistence. If predation pressure increases additively with adult tree density and decays exponentially with distance, JCEs maintain considerably higher species richness than predicted by recent models. Loosely parameterising the model with data from a Panamanian tree community, I elucidate the conditions under which JCEs are capable of maintaining high species richness.
Ustekinumab reduces serum protein levels associated with cardiovascular risk in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Koschitzky Merav , Navrazhina Kristina , Garshick Michael S. , Gonzalez Juana , Han Joseph , Garcet Sandra , Krueger James G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPsoriasis increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biomarkers for cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification in psoriasis are lacking, and the effects of psoriasis biologics on CV risk reduction remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify biomarkers of CV risk in psoriasis blood that are reduced by ustekinumab. We quantified 276 inflammatory and CV‐related serum proteins with Olink's multiplex assay in 10 psoriasis patients (vs. 18 healthy controls) and after 12 weeks of ustekinumab treatment. For each protein down‐regulated after treatment, the literature was reviewed for studies assessing the protein's association with CVD. Data were collected from each study to calculate CV risk thresholds for each protein, which were compared with protein levels in psoriasis patients before and after treatment. Our results showed that 43 out of 276 proteins were down‐regulated after treatment, 25 of which were initially up‐regulated at baseline (vs. controls, all p‐values ≤0.1). 8 down‐regulated proteins were initially elevated above thresholds associated with enhanced CV risk in the literature (myeloperoxidase, C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10, E‐selectin, interleukin‐6, cystatin B, von Willebrand factor, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide). Treatment lowered these proteins to below their risk thresholds, except for IL‐6, which was lowered but remained at its risk threshold despite successful psoriasis skin treatment. In summary, 12 weeks of ustekinumab treatment reduced serum proteins present at levels associated with CV risk in psoriasis patients. Further studies can evaluate these proteins as potential ustekinumab‐modulated biomarkers of CV risk in psoriasis and the impact of ustekinumab on CV risk reduction.
Development of a fixative protocol using formaldehyde and gluteraldehyde for preservation of microbial art on agar plates
Authors: Wilson Sammi , Law Samantha P. , McEwan Neil R. , Wright Rebecca , Macaskill Jenny S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Agar art bridges the gap between science and art using microbes instead of paint. Afterwards, the art can change in response to microbial fluctuation, meaning preservation of the original art is essential. Here, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were investigated as preservatives, involving techniques used in healthcare settings to preserve samples.

Methods and Results
Formaldehyde was tested at 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.7%, w/v, whereas glutaraldehyde was tested at 1% and 2.5%, w/v. Both compounds and respective concentrations were tested for different time periods. Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphlococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus were used as bacteria for “drawing” the works of art. The effectiveness of fixation was determined using integrated densities and visual assessment. Initially, both compounds showed potential promise, albeit with a loss of bacteria. Ser. marcescens was prone to colour changes and glutaraldehyde caused discolouration of agar and bacteria. These could be caused by a pH decrease in the agar, due to residual free aldehyde groups. Reduction of this was tested using 300 mM sodium metabisulfite to neutralize excess aldehydes. This initially led to reduced bacterial loss and avoided colour changes, however measurements 24 h post-fixation showed colour loss to some bacterial clusters.

Conclusions
Here, at least 2% formaldehyde for a short fixation period, typically 1 min, depending on the species, was most promising for the preservation of art. Given the success of this with different bacteria, it would make a good starting combination for anyone trying to fix agar art, although methodology refinement may be needed for optimisation depending on the bacterial species used.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study shows, for the first time, successful fixation and preservation of different bacterial species on agar. The impact of this is to preserve agar art while making it safe and non-infective to those in contact with the microbial art.
Early life programming of health and disease: The long‐term consequences of obesity in pregnancy
Authors: Langley‐Evans Simon C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and, among young women, it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth or die themselves during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that, in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme foetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, as well as record linkage studies, demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in foetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs, including the brain, kidney and pancreas.
Dream‐enactment behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an international COVID‐19 sleep study
Authors: Liu Yaping , Partinen Eemil , Chan Ngan Yin , Dauvilliers Yves , Inoue Yuichi , De Gennaro Luigi , Plazzi Giuseppe , Bolstad Courtney J. , Nadorff Michael R. , Merikanto Ilona , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Han Fang , Zhang Bin , Cunha Ana Suely , Mota‐Rolim Sérgio , Léger Damien , Matsui Kentaro , Espie Colin A. , Chung Frances , Morin Charles M. , Sieminski Mariusz , Penzel Thomas , Holzinger Brigitte , Partinen Markku , Wing Yun Kwok 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThere has been increasing concern about the long‐term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as evidenced by anecdotal case reports of acute‐onset parkinsonism and the polysomnographic feature of increased rapid eye movement sleep electromyographic activity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dream‐enactment behaviours, a hallmark of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, which is a prodrome of α‐synucleinopathy. This online survey was conducted between May and August 2020 in 15 countries/regions targeting adult participants (aged ≥18 years) from the general population with a harmonised structured questionnaire on sleep patterns and disorders, COVID‐19 diagnosis and symptoms. We assessed dream‐enactment behaviours using the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder Single‐Question Screen with an additional question on their frequency. Among 26,539 respondents, 21,870 (82.2%) answered all items that were analysed in this study (mean [SD] age 41.6 [15.8] years; female sex 65.5%). The weighted prevalence of lifetime and weekly dream‐enactment behaviours was 19.4% and 3.1% and were found to be 1.8‐ and 2.9‐times higher in COVID‐19‐positive cases, respectively. Both lifetime and weekly dream‐enactment behaviours were associated with young age, male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, higher physical activity level, nightmares, COVID‐19 diagnosis, olfactory impairment, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, mood, and post‐traumatic stress disorder features. Among COVID‐19‐positive cases, weekly dream‐enactment behaviours were positively associated with the severity of COVID‐19. Dream‐enactment behaviours are common among the general population during the COVID‐19 pandemic and further increase among patients with COVID‐19. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential neurodegenerative effect of COVID‐19.