bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Photovoltaic modules under shading condition and an error evaluation criterion
Authors: Lai GuangZhi , Wang Dong , Li HaoRan , Zhao Yi , Ni WeiChen , Wen JiaHao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy is the focus of recent years. As one of the most representative new energy sources, solar energy has the characteristics of large reserves and no pollution. The main way to use solar energy is photovoltaic (PV) power generation, and the PV module in the PV power generation system is the component that converts solar energy into electric energy. In the actual power generation process, PV modules often receive uneven solar illumination due to the shadow caused by clouds, trees, buildings, etc., resulting in changes in the output characteristics of PV modules and reduced output efficiency. Therefore, modeling of PV modules under shading condition is very important. This paper presents two simple methods for solving the parameters of PV module models, which require few parameters and are easy to obtain. A modeling method of PV modules under shading condition is also presented. And then the modeling method is verified with the experiment result. Finally, an error criterion for PV module modeling under shading condition is proposed to measure the goodness of the modeling. Combining with the two parameter solving methods, the errors of this PV module modeling method under shading condition of the error criterion proposed in this paper are 3.24% and 2.51%, respectively, which meet the requirements for engineering use.
Dynamic Capacitance Measurement of SF6 Circuit Breaker During Opening Operation
Authors: Qin Jian , Wang Jialin , Zhou Xiong , Qian Shuaiwei , Chen Jianxi , Huang Yongqiang , Dong Hailiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to mine the state information of SF6 circuit breakers (CBs) interruption chamber and evaluate the contacts state, a method of measuring and calculating the dynamic capacitance between contacts in CBs opening process was proposed. The test CB is connected in series with a high frequency AC power supply, and the voltage and current of the circuit breaker are measured during the opening process. The fundamental frequency components of the voltage and current are extracted by the short-time Fourier transform, and the dynamic capacitance curve as a function of time is calculated. The results show that due to the variation of capacitance, there are a large number of harmonics with frequencies close to the fundamental frequency in terminal voltage and current. During the first two cycles after contacts separation, the capacitance drops sharply to 33.25 pF, then with the increase of the contact distance, the capacitance decreases much more slowly and tends to be constant, and the capacitance is 20.70pF after the completion of the opening.
Power Allocation in Smart Grid Aided Cell Free Massive MIMO Systems for URLLC Applications
Authors: Ou Qinghai , Wang Yanbo , Bao La , Wang Yanru , She Rui , Zhang Ningchi , Ma Wenjie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates power allocation in cell-free massive MIMO for URLLC applications, where each access point is powered by smart grid or solar panels/wind-turbines. In particular, the closed-form achievable rate for URRLC is derived. By exploiting the derived results, a non-convex and non-smooth optimization problem is formulated for maximizing the minimum URRLC rate of all multicast group, and is NP-hard. To deal with this problem, the formulated optimization problem is transformed into a tractable version, then the classical CVX tool is adopted to solve the resultant problem. Numerical simulation verifies the practicability of the derived theoretical results and the proposed algorithm.
Electric field numerical analysis and structure optimization of grounding switch in GIS based on finite element analysis
Authors: Feng Miao , Wang Ming , Zhang Qingxian , Tan Heyi , Li Xiaozhe , Zeng Dehua , Yang Tao , Zhang Mao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The grounding switch is an important component to ensure safety on its GIS and maintenance personal. In this paper, the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to carry out electrostatic field analysis on grounding switch in GIS by the finite element method. This study also did a lot of research including drawing 3D models of key parts, gridding division and post-processing the data of electric field. The field intensity distribution diagrams and the maximum value of field intensity concentration area of key insulation position at 1100kV and 500kV are obtained. The electric field intensity distribution of GIS near the static contactor of the grounding switch is discussed, and the design of appropriately increasing the radius of the conductor in the part the great abrasion is proposed, and it provides a theoretical basis for the electric field distribution of electrical equipment.
Object-oriented extraction research under multiple scenarios based on Sentinel-2A satellite images
Authors: Liu Chao-Qun , Liu Min , Li Zhen , Zhu Yun-Quan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of information extraction from Sentinel-2A satellite remote sensing images, four scene images of mountainous landscape with complex forests, flat cultivated rural landscape suburban coastal landscape and complex urban landscape were selected as experimental objects, and three algorithms of KNN, CART and SVM of object-oriented method are used to extract the main feature information, so as to compare the extraction accuracy of different methods in different scenes. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of object-oriented feature classification of Sentinel-2A image in four scenes is greater than 75.47%, and the kappa coefficient is greater than 0.72 except that the overall accuracy of KNN in Scenes 4 is 0.66. Through the comprehensive comparative analysis of the four scenes, it can be seen that the average overall accuracy of rural landscape of Sentinel-2A image is 84.65%, the average kappa coefficient is 0.79, which is better than the average overall accuracy of urban landscape classification of 78.1%, the average kappa coefficient is 0.7, and the flat terrain scene is better than the mountainous area with large topographic elevation difference. In terms of classification methods, SVM algorithm has better classification accuracy than CART algorithm, and CART has better classification accuracy than KNN.
Feasible Region Calculation Method of Tie-line in Interconnected Regions in Day-ahead Dispatch Scenarios
Authors: Li Baoju , Sun Yong , Fu Xiaobiao , Zhang Jiquan , Yang Rui , Sun Yujun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To improve the reliability of the output and input power planning in interconnected regions in day-ahead dispatch scenarios, it is necessary to reasonably measure the feasible region of tie-line cross-region power exchanges. Due to the large number of day-ahead dispatch periods, it is difficult to solve the tie-line feasible region. Therefore, this paper first selects the adjacent periods to reconstruct the feasible region model and proposes a method to synthesize the feasible region of each day-ahead dispatch period. Then, the tie-line feasible regions are obtained considering the internal operation constraints of the output and input terminal regions. Finally, the final tie-line feasible region is synthesized according to the interconnection relationship of sub-regions. Based on the IEEE 39-bus system, the influence of the regional interconnection relationship on the calculation of tie-line feasible region and the evaluation results of power transmission and receiving capacity are analyzed, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Synthesis of Single Crystal Perovskite MAPbBr3by Using Anti-solvent Vapor-assisted Crystallization Method for X-Ray Photodetector Application
Authors: Muslimawati Rossyaila Matsna , Manawan Maykel , Bahtiar Ayi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite methylammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3) has been extensively studied for active material of X-ray photodetector, due to its suitable bandgap with the X-ray energy range and its high value of charge carrier diffusion to produce both high efficiency and sensitivity of photodetector. However, the high resistivity due to the large crystal defect density caused by its polycrystalline crystal structure will reduce the charge carrier mobility and lifetime and therefore produce less sensitive photodetector. The solution to overcome these problems is the perovskite MAPbBr3material must be in the form of single crystal to produce low crystal defect density. Another practical problem for X-ray photodetector application is the most of the reported perovskite crystals have the size less than 1 cm2. For the practical purposes of X-ray photodetector devices, a cubic structure and large crystal dimension (larger than 1 cm2) are required to adjust into the flat-panel detector. In this research, MAPbBr3perovskite crystals were synthesized by using Anti-solvent Vapor-assisted Crystallization (AVC) method. The precursor MAPbBr3was prepared by dissolving MABr and PbBr2with molar ratio of 1.25 and 1.0 in dimethylformamide (DMF). Dichloromethane (DCM) was used as anti-solvent. The diffusion of anti-solvent DCM into precursor solution was controlled by providing a small hole on the top of vial which contains the precursor. The crystal growth rate was controlled by varying the volume ratio of DCM and MAPbBr3precursor solution. The obtained largest crystal size of 7mm × 7mm was prepared with a volume ratio of DCM and precursor of 2.67 and a volume of 3 mL precursor solution. The energy gap MAPbBr3crystal is 2.14 eV derived from UV-Vis absorbance spectrum. The XRD pattern of the crystal showed that the perovskite MAPbBr3had cubic crystal structure with a lattice constant of 5.99 Å. The diffraction pattern of the crystal showed a dominant peak of crystal plane (100). This result confirmed that the synthesized MAPbBr3crystal has a single crystal oriented in x-axis direction.
Performance Chitosan Membranes to Filter Humic Acid (HA) Waste from Aquatic Environment
Authors: Rupiasih Ni Nyoman , Sumadiyasa Made , Nita Wolfharditia Oktaviana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Various pollutants can directly and indirectly threaten the health and safety of our aquatic environment. To overcome this, various methods needed for more efficient wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment using natural polymer matrix membranes can provide an excellent alternative that is environmentally friendly. For this purpose, a study on filtering humic acid (HA) waste frompolluted water using chitosan membranes has been carried out. The membranes used are chitosan membranes 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The filtration was carried out by using the dead-end filtration method, and the analysis of humic acid was done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The ability of the membrane to screen humic acid waste is indicated by pure water flux (PWF), waste (product) flux (PF), and rejection coefficient (R). The results obtained that the chitosan membrane 2% showed the highest filtration ability 99.87% with pure water flux and product flux of 2938.14 L/m2h and 1678.93 L/m2h, respectively. While the chitosan membranes 3% and 4% gave rejection coefficient of 83.76% and 79.38%, respectively. The chitosan membrane 1%, on the pressure of 100 kPa did not produce flow. So, chitosan membrane 2% can be used as a method to reduce humic acid waste from the aquatic environment, which is environmentally friendly method. So, chitosan membrane 2% can be used as a method to reduce humic acid waste from the aquatic environment, which is environmentally friendly method.
Effect of Cellulose Fiber from Coconut Coir as Filler For Dental Flowable Composite
Authors: Isnaini Steella Ilham , Cevanti Twi Agnita , Sari Nur Shiyama Purnama , Rois Mahardika F. , Widiyastuti W. , Setyawan Heru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The composite restorations in posterior teeth have recently received an increasing interest due to the improvement of their physical and mechanical properties. However, compositing by the most common polymerization procedure tends to deform the tooth structure that may cause some damage in the marginal seal due to the imperfect interfacial attachment. Several techniques have been used to overcome this problem, one of them is using a flowable composites on the bottom of the cavity as the first layer. The purpose of this study is to develop fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) material made of coir fiber (Cocos nucifera) with matrix (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, DGEBA, and camphorquinone). Cellulose fiber was formed by an anti-solvent method from an aqueous NaOH-urea cellulose solution dropped into ethanol-water mixture. The resulting cellulose fibers were then mixed with the matrix using a magnetic stirrer. The composition of nanocellulose in the matrix was varied 10:90 and their characteristics were compared with the commercial nanofiller composite (Z 350 and 3M) as control. The sample was tested for cross-linked using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The morphology of nanocellulose look like a fiber as cross-linked with matrix. Therefore, the formation of a crosslink bond between cellulose and matrix C-O-C with a new wavenumber in 890 cm-1. The nanocellulose composite also form fibers that binds the matrix, while flowable composites from manufacturers from fibers and particulates. From this experimental method it can be suggested coconut fiber has high potential as raw material to be filler in a dental flowable composite.
Study on Surface Properties of Unalloyed Copper Implanted with Different Transition Metal ions
Authors: Cui Haoxiong , Wang Jianguang , Cheng Wei , Cheng Guoan , Wu Xiaoling , Zheng Ruiting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Copper is widely used in Integrated Circuits and electronic components. Its corrosion performance and service performance have been paid much attention. We implanted Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and other fourth period transition metal ions into unalloyed copper. After that, zeta potential test, electrochemical test and density functional theory calculation were used to study the surface properties of the implanted samples. We found that for copper samples, the zeta potential of implanted samples is related to the type of implanted transition metal ions, that is, the charge state at the solid-liquid interface is related to the type of implanted ions. We use density functional theory calculations to explain this change in surface properties of metal samples before and after ion implantation. We find that the d-band center of the transition metal has a similar trend to zeta potential.
Controllable Synthesis of Hierarchical Dendrite-Like Iron-Based Hybrids with Boosting Microwave Absorption Performance
Authors: Wei Tian , Xian Jian , Longjiang Deng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fabricating high-performance microwave absorption materials with excellent attenuation property covering low frequency ranges are urgently needed for applications in our daily life. Herein, we put forward the controllable synthesis of hierarchical dendrite-like iron-carbon hybrids (Fe-C based hybrids) through three steps, including the hydrothermal method, chemical vapor deposition strategy and hydrogen reduction using K3[Fe(CN)6] and C2H2 as Fe and C source, respectively. Due to the existence of interface polarization effect, natural resonance, and exchange resonance generated from Fe-C based hybrids, the microwave absorption property in low frequency bands of the as-fabricated Fe-C based hybrids are growing as the filler loading increases. The Fe-C based hybrids achieved the minimum reflection loss value (RLmin) at 2.95 GHz as low as -31.73 dB at 4.5 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach up to 9.19 GHz in the range of thickness from 1.5 to 5.0 mm, covering the entire L, S, C, and X-band frequency bands. The novel structure design provides a facile and meaningful strategy for fabricating two-dimensional hierarchical dendrite-like Fe-C based hybrids as high-performance microwave absorbers.
An aggregation strategy of air conditioning loads considering diversity of the load
Authors: Zuo Nannan , Gao Guige 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Through the reasonable aggregation and control of air conditioning loads (ACLs), the peak load of power grid can be reduced and the contradiction between supply and demand can be alleviated without affecting or less affecting the comfort of users. In order to further tap the demand response ability of aggregated loads, an aggregation strategy of ACLs considering diversity of the load is proposed. Firstly, grey relational analysis method is used to extract the thermal environmental characteristic parameters with high correlation to different categories of ACLs. Then, ACLs are classified by KNN algorithm; Finally, according to different control modes of ACLs, k-means algorithm is used to aggregate the load to obtain aggregated power. Through simulation verification, the aggregation strategy that retains the diversity of ACLs has high accuracy and can improve the aggregated active power capacity effectively. The strategy has higher practical application value.
Low noise amplifier with adaptive gain setting — (AWAGS) ASIC
Authors: Wieczorek P. , Flemming H. , Deppe H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ASIC design group at GSI developed an Amplifier With Adaptive Gain Setting (AWAGS) chip. The input stage based on a folded cascode architecture is followed by a single-ended to differential conversion and output buffers. To the contrary to usual ASIC designs, the capacitive feedback is divided into five capacitances with different values. Starting with the smallest one the capacitances are added to the feedback depending on the input charge. This concept allows to measure over a high dynamic range (>200000) with the highest precision in the individual gain setting. The AWAGS ASIC is produced in a UMC 180 nm UMC multi-project wafer (MPW) run 2020.
Development of Compton-PET hybrid imaging system with CeBr3-SiPM arrays
Authors: Uenomachi M. , Shimazoe K. , Orita T. , Kamada K. , Takahashi M. , Takahashi H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are both established imaging technologies in nuclear medicine that are clinically available. However, simultaneous PET and SPECT nuclide imaging is difficult to accomplish with current equipment because of their distinct principles. In light of this, we have developed and demonstrated a GAGG scintillator based Compton-PET hybrid imaging system capable of performing PET and Compton imaging simultaneously. Alternatively, the CeBr3 scintillator possesses more desirable properties, including a high light yield (>60000 photons/MeV), a fast decay time (∼19 ns), and an excellent energy resolution (<4%@662 keV). Herein, we developed an 8 × 8 array of CeBr3 detector based instrumentation by using 64 channel fast signal processing slew rate limited Time over Threshold (ToT) based application-specific integrated circuits and a field programmable gate array ToT data acquisition system with a 62.5 ps accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluated the system’s basic performances. The mean and greatest energy resolutions were 10.1% and 6.0% (FWHM) for 662 keV. The time resolution was 239 ps (FWHM) after offset calibration. We also achieved a proof-of-concept based on single source.
Construction, operations, and performance of the CMS phase-1 silicon pixel detector
Authors: Choudhury S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The CMS phase-1 pixel detector was designed to cope with an instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 and 25 ns bunch spacing with very small efficiency loss. The upgraded detector has 124 million channels that features a 4-hit coverage in the tracking volume with an additional layer in the barrel and one extra disk in both the endcaps. DC-DC converters have been used to deliver more power to the detector without the need of replacing the cable plant. A CO2 based cooling system was implemented and carbon fibre based support structures were used to reduce the material budget in the tracking volume. The data acquisition system was upgraded to cope with higher collision rates with a digital data format from the detector front-ends. The detector was installed in early 2017 and has been successfully operated since then. In this paper, the design and construction, operational experience and the performance of the phase-1 pixel detector at LHC Run 2 will be summarised.
Spectroscopic X-ray imaging at MHz frame rates — the HEXITECMHz ASIC
Authors: Jones L. , Bell S. , Cline B. , Gardiner T. , Hart M. , Prydderch M. , Seller P. , Veale M. , Wilson M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The HEXITECMHz ASIC has been developed for the HEXITECMHz Detector System, to deliver spectroscopic x-ray imaging at frame rates up to 1 MHz for future high-flux-rate applications. Optimised for sensing electron signals from detector materials such as CdTe, CdZnTe, GaAs and p-type silicon detectors, the design has an array of 80 × 80 pixels on a pitch of 250 μm, with each pixel capable of measuring single x-ray photons up to energies of 300 keV, with a resolution of 1 keV FWHM. The induced charge signals that are measured by the ASIC will typically be due to the drift of electrons in the sensor material. However, each pixel is also capable of measuring signals of the opposite polarity with magnitudes of up to 20 keV. These events are induced by weighting potential crosstalk and trapping in the sensor and can be exploited in order to provide further improvements in the spatial and spectroscopic performance of the detector. The signals from pixels are digitized every 1 μs by 12-bit time-to-digital converters. This gives a maximum of 107 photons s−1 mm−2 that can be measured. However, for spectroscopic imaging the occupancy should be limited to 10% in each frame to reduce the charge sharing events. This gives a count rate limit of 106 photons s−1 mm−2 which is two orders of magnitude greater than the previous HEXITEC ASICs. To save power, each converter is shared between groups of eight pixels. Each 76.8 kbit data frame is Aurora 64b/66b encoded and serialised over 20 lanes of differential CML, all operating in parallel at 4.1 Gbps. The ASIC can free run with an asynchronous source or can be synchronized with a pulsed source using the SYNC control input. Expected power consumption is 12–15 W from a 1.8 V supply.
Ising model in a boundary magnetic field with random discontinuities
Authors: Konechny Anatoly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional Ising field theory on a space with boundary in the presence of a piecewise constant boundary magnetic field which is allowed to change value discontinuously along the boundary. We assume zero magnetic field in the bulk. The positions of discontinuities are averaged over as in the annealed disorder. This model is described by a boundary field theory in which a superposition of the free spin boundary condition is perturbed by a collection of boundary condition changing operators. The corresponding boundary couplings give the allowed constant values of the magnetic field as well as the fugacities for the transitions between them. We show that when the value of the magnetic field is allowed to take only two different values which are the same in magnitude but have different signs the model can be described by a quadratic Lagrangian. We calculate and analyse the exact reflection matrix for this model. We also calculate the boundary entropy and study in detail the space of RG flows in a three-parameter space and with four different infrared fixed points. We discuss the likely breakdown of integrability in the extended model which allows for two generic values of the boundary magnetic field, backing it by some calculations.