bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Modification to Cortical Circuits in Human and Nonhuman Primates from High-Resolution Tractography, Transcription, and Temporal Dimensions
Authors: Charvet Christine J. , Ofori Kwadwo , Baucum Christine , Sun Jianli , Modrell Melinda S. , Hekmatyar Khan , Edlow Brian L. , van der Kouwe Andre J. 
Published: May 2022

The neural circuits that support human cognition are a topic of enduring interest. Yet, there are limited tools available to map brain circuits in the human and nonhuman primate brain. We harnessed high-resolution diffusion MR tractography, anatomic, and transcriptomic data from individuals of either sex to investigate the evolution and development of frontal cortex circuitry. We applied machine learning to RNA sequencing data to find corresponding ages between humans and macaques and to compare the development of circuits across species. We transcriptionally defined neural circuits by testing for associations between gene expression and white matter maturation. We then considered transcriptional and structural growth to test whether frontal cortex circuit maturation is unusually extended in humans relative to other species. We also considered gene expression and high-resolution diffusion MR tractography of adult brains to test for cross-species variation in frontal cortex circuits. We found that frontal cortex circuitry development is extended in primates, and concomitant with an expansion in corticocortical pathways compared with mice in adulthood. Importantly, we found that these parameters varied relatively little across humans and studied primates. These data identify a surprising collection of conserved features in frontal cortex circuits across humans and Old World monkeys. Our work demonstrates that integrating transcriptional and structural data across temporal dimensions is a robust approach to trace the evolution of brain pathways in primates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDiffusion MR tractography is an exciting method to explore pathways, but there are uncertainties in the accuracy of reconstructed tracts. We broaden the repertoire of toolkits to enhance our ability to trace human brain pathways from diffusion MR tractography. Our integrative approach finds corresponding ages across species and transcriptionally defines neural circuits. We used this information to test for variation in circuit maturation across species and found a surprising constellation of similar features in frontal cortex neural circuits across humans and primates. Integrating across scales of biological organization expands the repertoire of tools available to study pathways in primates, which opens new avenues to study pathways in health and diseases of the human brain.
Long-Term Inactivation of Sodium Channels as a Mechanism of Adaptation in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Upchurch Carol M. , Combe Crescent L. , Knowlton Christopher J. , Rousseau Valery G. , Gasparini Sonia , Canavier Carmen C. 
Published: May 2022

Many hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells function as place cells, increasing their firing rate when a specific place field is traversed. The dependence of CA1 place cell firing on position within the place field is asymmetric. We investigated the source of this asymmetry by injecting triangular depolarizing current ramps to approximate the spatially tuned, temporally diffuse depolarizing synaptic input received by these neurons while traversing a place field. Ramps were applied to CA1 pyramidal neurons from male ratsin vitro(slice electrophysiology) andin silico(multicompartmental NEURON model). Under control conditions, CA1 neurons fired more action potentials at higher frequencies on the up-ramp versus the down-ramp. This effect was more pronounced for dendritic compared with somatic ramps. We incorporated a four-state Markov scheme for NaV1.6 channels into our model and calibrated the spatial dependence of long-term inactivation according to the literature; this spatial dependence was sufficient to explain the difference in dendritic versus somatic ramps. Long-term inactivation reduced the firing frequency by decreasing open-state occupancy, and reduced spike amplitude during trains by decreasing occupancy in the closed state, which comprises the available pool. PKC activator phorbol-dibutyrate, known to reduce NaVlong-term inactivation, removed spike amplitude attenuationin vitromore visibly in dendrites and greatly reduced adaptation, consistent with our hypothesized mechanism. Intracellular application of a peptide inducing long-term NaVinactivation elicited spike amplitude attenuation during spike trains in the soma and greatly enhanced adaptation. Our synergistic experimental/computational approach shows that long-term inactivation of NaV1.6 is a key mechanism of adaptation in CA1 pyramidal cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus plays an important role in certain types of memory, in part through context-specific firing of “place cells”; these cells were first identified in rodents as being particularly active when an animal is in a specific location in an environment, called the place field of that neuron. In thisin vitro/in silicostudy, we found that long-term inactivation of sodium channels causes adaptation in the firing rate that could potentially skew the firing of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons earlier within a place field. A computational model of the sodium channel revealed differential regulation of spike frequency and amplitude by long-term inactivation, which may be a general mechanism for spike frequency adaptation in the CNS.
Neonatal Use of Acute Care Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Westphal Kathryn , Basuray Rakhi Gupta , Keesari Rohali , Jackson Kenneth , Reber Kristina , Cacioppo Carrie , Splinter Ansley , Bode Ryan S. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
To describe changes in neonatal use of acute care services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We hypothesized neonatal visits would decrease and the degree of decline would vary by condition.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonatal visits to the urgent cares, emergency departments, inpatient units, and intensive care units at a free-standing pediatric healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and a comparator period. We included visits of infants presenting for acute care within the first 30 days of life. Transfers from a referring nursery, inpatient unit, or ICU were excluded. Data collected included demographics, patient characteristics, and visit characteristics. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for analyses and to determine statistically significant differences.

RESULTS
We identified 4439 neonatal acute care visits, of which 2677 occurred in the prepandemic period and 1762 in the COVID-19 pandemic period, representing a 34.2% decline. Urgent cares and emergency departments experienced the greatest decline in visits for infectious conditions (49%) and the proportion of these visits also significantly decreased. Similarly, the largest clinically significant declines in hospitalizations were for infectious and respiratory diagnoses (48% and 52%, respectively) and the proportions of these hospitalizations also significantly decreased. Despite a small decline in hospitalizations for jaundice, the proportion of jaundice hospitalizations significantly increased by 5.7% (P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant reduction in neonatal visits across a spectrum of acute care settings. The impact on use varied by diagnosis with the most notable decline in visits for infectious conditions.
Performance trade-off in high-rise office building envelope design
Authors: Naili Basma , Háber István , Kistelegdi István 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The optimization of high-rise office buildings' envelope and the application of energy-efficient measures have become a priority nowadays. Therefore, this investigation aims to assess the role of the façade's geometry design factors, e.g., folded façade perforation, window orientation, and window-to-wall ratio on building comfort and energy performance. The energy simulations were performed using IDA ICE 4.8 thermal simulation program to evaluate the thermal and visual comfort and the energy consumption of various façade test models. The optimization resulted in a façade model with a great level of thermal and visual comfort as well as a total energy reduction of 14%, representing a good compromise solution in the trade-off between thermal and visual comfort as well as energy efficiency.
Dynamic modeling of a simply supported beam with an overhang mass
Authors: Alzghoul Mohammad , Cabezas Sebastian , Szilágyi Attila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim is to derive an expression to calculate the natural frequencies and plot the mode shapes of a simply-supported beam with an overhang with an end overhang point mass by using the Euler-Bernoulli theory in the case of free transverse vibrations. The results are validated by finite element analysis. The importance of the system presented is that it can represent machine tool spindles or even machining tools like boring bars. The results are in good agreement with the results from the finite element analyses. The derived expression can be used in optimizing the value of the point mass and optimizing the support location for better performance of the system without the need to perform complex analysis to obtain the values of the natural frequencies and to plot the mode shapes.
Detección automática de Comunidades en redes sociales usando contenido textual e interacciones en la red
Authors: Acero Niño Ricardo Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Las redes sociales cada vez ejercen más influencia en nuestra vida diaria y en general en la sociedad, están cambiando nuestra forma de pensar , han permeado la mayoría por no decir todos los sectores de la sociedad ; a través del análisis de las interacciones entre los individuos se puede detectar comunidades y establecer propiedades como la similaridad, la centralidad , el grado de un nodo que representa a un individuo en la red ; hay herramientas para analizar estas interacciones y establecer comportamientos, información que se puede utilizar con fines comerciales, académicos, sociales y de esta manera corregir conductas, mejorar el comercio, la prestación de servicios y ayudar resolver problemáticas. Desde antes del año 2000 se viene estudiando la detección de comunidades tanto para redes estáticas, las que no cambian con el paso del tiempo, como en redes dinámicas que cambian en el tiempo, evolucionan tanto en nodos como en enlaces. Muchos de los algoritmos construidos detectan comunidades basados en la estructura del grafo, entendiendo el grafo como una estructura conformada por nodos ( individuos ) y enlaces o arcos; también se han construido algoritmos que utilizan las interacciones de los individuos; el objetivo de este proyecto es detectar comunidades usando el contenido textual y las interacciones en la red como Twitter.
Detección automática de Comunidades en redes sociales online OSN usando contenido textual e interacciones en la red tweeter
Authors: Acero Niño Ricardo Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Las redes sociales online cada vez ejercen más influencia en nuestra vida diaria y en general en la sociedad; están cambiando nuestra forma de actuar y hasta de pensar , han permeado la mayoría por no decir todos los sectores de la sociedad ; además de que ya se establecen propiedades como la similaridad, la centralidad , el grado de un nodo o individuo, a través del análisis de las interacciones entre los miembros de la red se puede detectar comunidades, ; hay herramientas para analizar estas interacciones y establecer comportamientos, información que se puede utilizar con fines comerciales, para mejorar el comercio o la prestación de servicios, para fines académicos ayudando a resolver problematicas, para fines sociales como corregir conductas. Desde antes del año 2000 se viene estudiando la detección de comunidades tanto para redes estáticas, las que no cambian con el paso del tiempo, como en redes dinámicas que cambian en el tiempo, evolucionan tanto en nodos como en enlaces. Muchos de los algoritmos construidos detectan comunidades basados en la estructura del grafo, entendiendo el grafo como una estructura conformada por nodos ( individuos miembros ) y enlaces o arcos; también algoritmos que utilizan las interacciones de los individuos; el objetivo de este proyecto es detectar comunidades usando este contenido textual y las interacciones en una red social como Twitter.
Evaluación de la dinámica de agua en Hydrus-1D para tres suelos de ladera cultivados con aguacate Hass (persea americana) en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Lopez Amaya Kellym Libeth 
Published: May 2022

El estudio buscó evaluar el movimiento del agua en suelos de ladera cultivados con aguacate Hass bajo la hipótesis que la pendiente impide que la zona no saturada, que cubre la profundidad efectiva de raíces, llegue a capacidad de campo (-30 KPa) ante un evento de precipitación y en épocas secas alcanza valores altos de potencial mátrico, afectando la disponibilidad hídrica para la planta. Se simuló con Hydrus-1D eventos de secado y de humedecimiento del suelo por precipitación, a partir de datos de potencial mátrico tomados con sensores de matriz granular en tres fincas comerciales de aguacate Hass, ubicadas en Roldanillo (Laurentina), Restrepo (Ponceña) y Dagua (Olival). Se encontró que bajo los máximos eventos de precipitación en agosto de 2020, el potencial mátrico disminuye por efecto de la infiltración de agua en las tres fincas. En Laurentina, la disminución de este, alcanza los 100 cm, por debajo de -30 KPa, en Restrepo alcanza los 30 cm de profundidad con alrededor de -30 KPa y en Olival, llega hasta 75 cm, con cerca de -20 KPa. Para el evento de secado el potencial mátrico osciló entre -50 y -200 KPa. Los errores asociados de la simulación estuvieron entre 10 y 25 % con valores de R2 entre 0.8 y 0.9. Se encontró que la pendiente y la textura del suelo, influencian la distribución del agua en el suelo produciendo que a los 75 cm haya un incremento en la humedad sin existir ingreso de agua por la superficie del suelo.
Propulsion system with built-in laser (Vcsel) EmDrive engine-based support points
Authors: Зубков В.И. 
Published: May 2022

Предложена концепция твердотельного лазерного двигателя EmDrive в виде VCSELструктуры (VCSEL-EmDrive-двигателя). Рассмотрена микроэлектронная двигательная система с электронно-контролируемыми VCSEL-EmDrive-двигателями, используемыми в качестве точек опоры, и MEMS-актюаторами, обеспечивающими ускорение транспортных средств по отношению к неускоряющимся точкам опоры. Показана высокая энергетическая эффективность подобных двигательных систем, сопоставимость их энергетической эффективности с энергетической эффективностью реактивного двигателя и автомобильного двигателя внутреннего сгорания при ускорении автомобиля, а также независимость энергетической эффективности подобных двигательных установок от скорости транспортного средства при незначительных релятивистских эффектах. Приведен эскиз футуристического космического корабля с микроэлектронной двигательной установкой.
Concept of solid-state VCSEL-based EmDrive engine (VCSEL-EmDrive engine) is proposed. Microelectronic propulsion system containing arrays of VCSEL-EmDrive engines used as switchable built-in support points and MEMS actuators used for vehicle acceleration with respect to non-accelerating VCSELEmDrive engine-based support points is considered. High energy efficiency of such propulsion systems, its comparability with that of the jet engines and internal-combustion car engines at car acceleration is displayed and its vehicle velocity independence under negligible relativistic effects is shown as well. Draft of futuristic spacecraft with microelectronic propulsion system is presented.
Modeling the productivity of the dairy livestock farm
Authors: Акимов С.С. 
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена моделированию продуктивности хозяйства молочного животноводства. Цель данной работы – построение математических моделей зависимости сферы молочного животноводства от различных факторов, влияющих на итоговую продуктивность. Приведены параметры, оказывающие влияние на продуктивность молочного животноводства и представлены математические модели зависимости продуктивности от приведенных параметров. Областью применения результатов являются хозяйства молочного производства, внедряющие в свою деятельность современные информационные технологии.
This article is devoted to modeling the productivity of dairy farming. The purpose of this work is to build mathematical models of the dependence of the productivity of the economy in the sphere of dairy cattle breeding on various factors that affect the final productivity. The paper presents the parameters that affect the productivity of dairy farming and presents mathematical models of the depend-ence of productivity on the given parameters. The field of application of the results is dairy farms that introduce modern information technologies in their activities.
Optimization of resource management of a purposeful team activity process in Agile-oriented organizational syste
Authors: Борзова А.С. , Корчагин С.Г. , Львович Я.Е. 
Published: May 2022

Рассматривается один из современных классов организационных систем, основанных на командной деятельности активных элементов, – Agile-ориентированные организационные системы. Одним из механизмов управления такими системами является оптимизация распределения ресурсного обеспечения, определяемого управляющим центром: во-первых, между стадиями и итерациями процесса командной деятельности; во-вторых, между членами команды для мотивации эффективного выполнения работ, обеспечивающих целедостижения. Показано, что формализация и решение задачи оптимизации прогнозирования распределения ресурсного обеспечения между стадиями представляет собой сочетание экспертного оценивания желаемого изменения эффективности командной деятельности и оптимизационного моделирования на основе многошагового процесса принятия оптимальных решений. В свою очередь, задача распределения мотивационного ресурсного обеспечения между членами команды является оптимизационной задачей булевого программирования, для решения которой предлагается алгоритм, основанный на направленном рандомизированном поиске. Таким образом обеспечивается принятия управленческих решений по оптимальному распределению ресурсного обеспечения целенаправленного процесса командной деятельности в Agile-ориентированных организационных системах.
One of the modern classes of organizational systems based on the team activity of active elements is considered – Agile-oriented organizational systems. One of the control mechanisms for such systems is the optimization of the distribution of resource provision, determined by the control center. Firstly, between the stages and iterations of the team activity process, and secondly, between the team members to motivate the effective performance of work that ensures the goal achievement. It is shown that the formalization and solution of the problem of optimizing forecasting the distribution of resource provision between stages is a combination of expert assessment of the desired change in the effectiveness of team activities and optimization modeling based on a multistep process of making optimal decisions. In turn, the problem of distribution of motivational resource provision between team members is an optimization problem of Boolean programming, for the solution of which an algorithm based on directed randomized search is proposed. As a result, it is ensured that management decisions are made on the optimal distribution of resource support for the purposeful process of team activity in Agile-oriented organizational systems.
Means of verification of the information interaction protocol software on-board equipment of space vehicles
Authors: Киреев А.П. , Шаров С.А. 
Published: May 2022

Рассмотрен подход к разработке комплексов бортовой аппаратуры космических аппаратов на основе интегрированной модульной бортовой аппаратуры. Предложен набор инструментов для автоматизации процессов проектирования комплексов бортовой аппаратуры. Представлена модель верификации протокола информационно-логического взаимодействия программного обеспечения бортового комплекса управления и специальной аппаратуры космического аппарата с использованием метода формальной верификации моделей требований с помощью инструментального средства верификации SPIN.
The article presents the technology of formal proof of the presence of the specified properties of the software, the analysis for fault tolerance and preliminary assessment of the quality of the product before the appearance of the prototype.
History of development and formation of distance education in the world
Authors: Исаева В.С. 
Published: May 2022

Рассматривается зарождение дистанционного образования в мире. Сейчас во всех электронных и печатных источниках широко освещается вопрос пандемии. Дистанционное обучение помогло при организации обучения в данной ситуации. Однако ввиду того, что пришлось экстренно переходить на дистанционное образование, среди школьников и их родителей, а также студентов, было много негативных отзывов. Дистанционное обучение не появилось в момент возникновения эпидемии – у него достаточно богатая история появления и развития. Все началось с появления почтовых отправлений и постепенно развилось в дистанционное обучение с применением дистанционных образовательных технологий.
The article examines how distance education appeared and how it began in the world. Now in all electronic and printed sources they only say that about a pandemic that has arisen in the world. Distance learning helped a lot in this situation, but due to the fact that we had to urgently switch to it, there were many negative reviews among schoolchildren and their parents, as well as students. Distance learning did not emerge with the onset of the epidemic and has a rich history of emergence and development. It all started with postage and gradually evolved to distance learning with the use of distance learning technologies.
PREDICATIVES OF RUSSIAN VERNACULAR DIALECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF A SUB-STANDARD LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Топорков П.Е. 
Published: May 2022

Рассмотрены основные семантико-грамматические характеристики класса предикативов в народных говорах русского языка. Описание класса строится в контексте динамических изменений языковой системы – наполнения и характеристик лексико-семантических групп, а также морфолого-синтаксических характеристик предикативов в конструкциях различных типов. Проведенное исследование позволяет углубить представления о ряде параметров языковой системы русских говоров, а также конкретизировать данные исторической динамики языка в семантике и грамматике с учетом обширных лексикографических данных диалектной среды.
The article considers the main semantic and grammatical characteristics of predicatives in Russian dialects. The class description is built in the context of dynamic changes in the language system, such as content and characteristics of lexico-semantic groups, as well as morphological and syntactic characteristics of predicatives in constructions of various types. The research allows to deepen the understanding of certian parameters of Russian dialects language system, as well as to concretize the data of the historical dynamics in semantics and grammar with reference to extensive lexicographic data of dialects.