bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with nurses’ positive attitudes towards families’ involvement in nursing care: A scoping review
Authors: Barreto Mayckel da Silva , Marquete Veronica Francisqueti , Camparoto Camila Wohlenberg , García‐Vivar Cristina , Barbieri‐Figueiredo Maria do Céu , Marcon Sonia Silva 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo map the factors associated with nurses’ positive attitudes towards families’ involvement in nursing care and to identify any existing gaps in knowledge.BackgroundSeveral tools have been proposed to assess the attitudes, beliefs and practices of nurses towards families in different care contexts. However, there is a knowledge gap on how the results of these tools can identify the factors that are associated with more positive attitudes of nurses.DesignA scoping review based on the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.MethodsThree independent reviewers searched the databases: PUBMED/Medline; LILACS; Virtual Health Library; PsycInfo; Google Scholar; SCOPUS and CINAHL, from 2006 to August 2021, guided by the question: What are the factors associated with nurses’ positive attitudes towards families´ involvement in nursing care, in studies that used one or both of the following two scales ‘Families’ Importance in Nursing Care‐ Nurses’ Attitudes’ and ‘Family Nursing Practice Scale’? This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA‐ScR.ResultsTwenty‐six primary studies were identified, in which 9,620 nurses participated. Positive attitudes were associated with three types of variables: (a) personal—longer working career (42.3%) and older age (26.9%); (b) educational—higher level of academic education (30.8%) and family nursing education (23.0%); and (c) workplace—working in primary health care and/or outpatient clinics (34.6%) or in a unit with philosophy/approach to families (23.0%).ConclusionsPersonal variables such as age and time of service are non‐modifiable aspects, but educational and workplace variables are subject to intervention to improve nurses’ attitudes towards families’ involvement in nursing care. Continuing development programmes about family care can constitute important strategies to improve positive attitudes of nurses towards families in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceRecognising the characteristics associated with nurses´ positive attitudes towards families may enable the development of tailored interventions that promote family‐focused care.
Statistical approaches to determine emotional drivers and improve the acceptability of prebiotic whey soursop beverage processed by ultrasound
Authors: Portela Jessica B. , Guimarães Jonas T. , Lino Debora L. , Brito Sass Carla A. , Pagani Mônica M. , Pimentel Tatiana C. , Freitas Mônica Q. , Cruz Adriano G. , Esmerino Erick A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the expected emotional profiling and overall liking of soursop flavored prebiotic whey beverages subjected to ultrasound processing. For this purpose, four images of products and their related claims were provided for consumers (n = 453) in an online questionnaire: (a) pasteurized soursop flavored whey beverage (PAST), (b) pasteurized soursop flavored prebiotic whey beverage (PREPAST) with a claim, (c) ultrasound soursop flavored whey beverage (US) with a claim, and (d) ultrasound soursop flavored prebiotic whey beverage (PREUS) with a claim. PAST sample received the lowest purchase intent and overall liking scores, and it was associated with negative emotions. PREPAST, US, and PREUS samples received the highest purchase intent and overall liking scores, and they were associated with some positive emotions. Prebiotic addition and its claim contributed with pleasant, secure, mild, and satisfied emotions to the pasteurized product. In contrast, the US evoked adventurous, joyful, docile, and curious emotions. Active, satisfied, interested, enthusiastic, and docile emotions were the drivers of liking for the samples, while pleasant, interested, secure, satisfied, and curious emotions are recommended in a whey beverage with high overall liking. Overall, both the prebiotic claim and the emerging technology showed great receptivity among participants.Practical ApplicationsConsumer perception is crucial for adopting products processed by nonconventional technologies, being the correct and adequate message on the product label is essential for successful commercialization. This study brings data about this topic, taking as an example a functional dairy food (prebiotic whey soursop flavored beverage) processed by ultrasound.
Evolutionary breakdown of distyly to homostyly is accompanied by reductions of floral scent inPrimula oreodoxa
Authors: Zeng Gui , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Dian‐Xiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReproductive traits that function in pollinator attraction may be reduced or lost during evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing. Although floral scent plays an important role in attracting pollinators in outcrossing species, few studies have investigated associations between floral scent variation and intraspecific mating system transitions. The breakdown of distyly to homostyly represents a classic example of a shift from outcrossing to selfing and provides an opportunity to test whether floral fragrances have become reduced and/or changed in composition with increased selfing. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis by quantifying floral volatiles using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in two distylous and four homostylous populations ofPrimula oreodoxaFranchet, a perennial herb from SW China. Our analysis revealed significant variation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among populations ofP. oreodoxa. Although there was no difference in VOCs between floral morphs in distylous populations as predicted, we detected a substantial reduction in VOC emissions and the average number of scent compounds in homostylous compared with distylous populations. A total of 12 compounds, mainly monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, distinguished homostylous and distylous morphs; of these, (E)‐β‐ocimene was the most important in contributing to the difference in volatiles, with significantly lower emissions in homostyles. Our findings support the hypothesis that the transition from outcrossing to selfing is accompanied by the loss of floral volatiles. The modification to floral fragrances inP. oreodoxaassociated with mating system change might occur because high selfing rates in homostylous populations result in relaxed selection for floral attractiveness.
Bulk synthesis of stoichiometric/meteoritic troilite (FeS) by high‐temperature pyrite decomposition and pyrrhotite melting
Authors: Moreau Juulia‐Gabrielle , Jõeleht Argo , Aruväli Jaan , Heikkilä Mikko J. , Stojic Aleksandra N. , Thomberg Thomas , Plado Jüri , Hietala Satu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStoichiometric troilite (FeS) is a common phase in differentiated and undifferentiated meteorites. It is the endmember of the iron sulfide system. Troilite is important for investigating shock metamorphism in meteorites and studying spectral properties and space weathering of planetary bodies. Thus, obtaining coarse‐grained meteoritic troilite in quantities is beneficial for these fields. The previous synthesis of troilite was achieved by pyrite or pyrrhotite heating treatments or chemical syntheses. However, most of these works lacked a visual characterization of the step by step process and the final product, the production of large quantities, and they were not readily advertised to planetary scientists or the meteoritical research community. Here, we illustrate a two‐step heat treatment of pyrite to synthesize troilite. Pyrite powder was decomposed to pyrrhotite at 1023–1073 K for 4–6 h in Ar; the run product was then retrieved and reheated for 1 h at 1498–1598 K in N2 (gas). The minerals were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature, and in situ high‐temperature XRD. The primary observation of synthesis from pyrrhotite to troilite is the shift of a major diffraction peak from ~43.2°2θ to ~43.8°2θ. Troilite spectra matched an XRD analysis of natural meteoritic troilite. Slight contamination of Fe was observed during cooling to troilite, and alumina crucibles locally reacted with troilite. The habitus and size of troilite crystals allowed us to store it as large grains rather than powder; 27 g of pyrite yielded 17 g of stochiometric troilite.
Understanding Hong Kong nationalism: A topic network approach
Authors: Ho Justin Chun‐ting 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrawing on data from Facebook, this article examines how elements of nationalism discourse were invoked by political actors to advance their agenda. In this paper, a novel mixed‐method approach is introduced. The analysis begins with the quantitative phase, and topic modelling is used to identify the recurring themes in corpus. A topic network is generated based on the semantic association and centrality measures from social network analysis are used to identify the core topics in the discourse. In the qualitative phase, texts from the core topics are analysed discursively. The findings reveal that Hong Kong nationalism discourse includes three frames: the threat frame that constructs the overarching narrative of China Threat, the identity frame that engages with the debate on localism and nationalism and the action frame that discusses the actions to be taken in response to the threats.
The role of the androgen receptor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its utility as a target for obesity treatments
Authors: Venkatesh Varun S. , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Davey Rachel A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryObesity is associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis dysregulation in males. Here, we summarize recent evidence derived from clinical trials and studies in preclinical animal models regarding the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in the pathophysiology of males with obesity. We also discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the AR for the treatment of obesity and their limitations and provide insight into the future research necessary to advance this field.
Infections in children and adolescents treated with dupilumab in pediatric clinical trials for atopic dermatitis—A pooled analysis of trial data
Authors: Paller Amy S. , Beck Lisa A. , Blauvelt Andrew , Siegfried Elaine C. , Cork Michael J. , Wollenberg Andreas , Chen Zhen , Khokhar Faisal A. , Vakil Jignesh , Zhang Annie , Bansal Ashish , Cyr Sonya L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivePatients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased risk of cutaneous and extracutaneous infections. Dupilumab has previously been associated with reduced risk of serious/severe infections and non‐herpetic skin infections in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD. This analysis assessed infection rates with dupilumab versus placebo in pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe and severe AD participating in clinical trials.MethodsThis is a pooled analysis from two 16‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 clinical trials of dupilumab: monotherapy in adolescents aged 12–17 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD (LIBERTY AD ADOL, NCT03054428) and with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children aged 6–11 years with severe AD (LIBERTY AD PEDS, NCT03345914). Data were pooled according to treatment received: placebo/approved dupilumab doses/other studied dupilumab doses/all dupilumab doses. Exposure‐adjusted rates (patients with ≥1 event per 100 patient‐years [nP/100 PY]) were used to compare treatment groups.ResultsOverall, 612 patients were included: 205 received placebo and 407 received dupilumab (261 received approved dupilumab doses and 146 received other studied dupilumab doses). Overall infection rates were numerically lower with dupilumab versus placebo (nP/100 PY: placebo, 227; approved dupilumab, 173; other dupilumab, 206; all dupilumab, 184). Total skin infections were numerically less frequent in all dupilumab‐treated groups versus placebo (nP/100 PY: placebo, 67; approved dupilumab, 30; other dupilumab, 46; all dupilumab, 36).ConclusionsThese data suggest that dupilumab treatment in children and adolescents with AD does not increase infection risk overall and is associated with lower rates of skin infections compared with placebo.
An analysis of the impact of technological innovation on productivity in South African manufacturing firms using direct measures of innovation
Authors: Kahn Amy , Sithole Moses , Buchana Yasser 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile manufacturing is regarded as important for economic growth, there is evidence that productivity in the South African manufacturing sector has been relatively low compared to international standards. As the international literature shows a positive correlation between innovation and productivity, it is pertinent to investigate the role that innovation plays in this sector. South Africa is lagging behind other emerging market countries in terms of technological progress, and innovation efforts are deemed insufficient particularly in private firms. While there have been studies that measure the impact of R&D (as an innovation input) on productivity, the direct impact of innovation success on productivity has not been estimated in South Africa before. The business innovation survey (BIS) provides data that allow us to estimate these direct effects, thereby enabling this study to make an important contribution to the South African literature in this area of research. We estimate the effect of technological innovations on firm productivity using a sample of manufacturing firms from the BIS 2014–2016 data. Using a variation of the CDM model, we find that the introduction of product or process innovations has significant positive effects on productivity in South African manufacturing firms.
The Role of Decision Authority and Stated Social Intent as Predictors of Trust in Autonomous Robots
Authors: Lyons Joseph B. , Jessup Sarah A. , Vo Thy Q. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated that trust in robots and performance of robots are two important factors that influence human–autonomy teaming. However, other factors may influence users’ perceptions and use of autonomous systems, such as perceived intent of robots and decision authority of the robots. The current study experimentally examined participants’ trust in an autonomous security robot (ASR), perceived trustworthiness of the ASR, and desire to use an ASR that varied in levels of decision authority and benevolence. Participants (N = 340) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results revealed the participants had increased trust in the ASR when the robot was described as having benevolent intent compared to self‐protective intent. There were several interactions between decision authority and intent when predicting the trust process, showing that intent may matter the most when the robot has discretion on executing that intent. Participants stated a desire to use the ASR in a military context compared to a public context. Implications for this research demonstrate that as robots become more prevalent in jobs paired with humans, factors such as transparency provided for the robot's intent and its decision authority will influence users’ trust and trustworthiness.
Corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth of the normal adult horse as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy
Authors: Knickelbein Kelly E. , Lassaline Mary E. , Kim Soohyun , Scharbrough Machal S. , Thomasy Sara M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine corneal thickness (CT) and axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in normal adult horses. To compare corneal thickness measurements between UBM and ultrasonic pachymetry.Animals studiedSixty eyes of 30 healthy adult horses aged 8–24 years.ProceduresUltrasonic pachymetry (velocity of 1640 m/s) was utilized to obtain measurements of the central, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal cornea. Triplicate images of the same corneal locations were acquired using UBM (50 MHz). Images of the axial anterior chamber were used to measure ACD. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was estimated using rebound tonometry, and axial globe length was measured using ultrasonographic biometry.ResultsCT (mean ± SD µm) measured by UBM was 854 ± 61 (central), 994 ± 58 (superior), 930 ± 57 (temporal), 979 ± 55 (inferior), and 898 ± 48 (nasal). CT measured by UBM was greater than that measured by ultrasonic pachymetry at all locations and was statistically significant at all locations except inferior (p = 0.0006–0.048). No sex nor age effect was detected for CT at any location. The repeatability of ultrasonic pachymetry was superior to that of UBM. Mean ± SD ACD was 5.74 ± 0.41 mm. A weak positive correlation was identified between central CT and IOP and between central CT and axial globe length.ConclusionsNormal data for CT and ACD of the adult horse obtained using UBM are provided. CT determined by UBM was greater relative to pachymetry at all corneal locations.
Microbiomes in physiology: insights into 21st‐century global medical challenges
Authors: Shehata Emad , Parker Aimée , Suzuki Toru , Swann Jonathan. R. , Suez Jotham , Kroon Paul. A. , Day‐Walsh Priscilla 
Published: January 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
The role of the gut microbiome in physiology and how it can be targeted as an effective strategy against two of the most important global medical challenges of our time, namely, metabolic diseases and antibacterial resistance.

What advances does it highlight?
The critical roles of the microbiome in regulating host physiology and how microbiome analysis is useful for disease stratification to enable informed clinical decisions and develop interventions such as faecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics and probiotics. Also, the limitations of microbiome modulation, including the potential for probiotics to enhance antimicrobial resistance gene reservoirs, and that currently a ‘healthy microbiome’ that can be used as a biobank for transplantation is yet to be defined.

AbstractThe human gut microbiome is a key factor in the development of metabolic diseases and antimicrobial resistance, which are among the greatest global medical challenges of the 21st century. A recent symposium aimed to highlight state‐of‐the‐art evidence for the role of the gut microbiome in physiology, from childhood to adulthood, and the impact this has on global disease outcomes, ageing and antimicrobial resistance. Although the gut microbiome is established early in life, over time the microbiome and its components including metabolites can become perturbed due to changes such as dietary habits, use of antibiotics and age. As gut microbial metabolites, including short‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide, can interact with host receptors including G protein‐coupled receptors and can alter host metabolic fluxes, they can significantly affect physiological homoeostasis leading to metabolic diseases. These metabolites can be used to stratify disease phenotypes such as irritable bowel syndrome and adverse events after heart failure and allow informed decisions on clinical management and treatment. While strategies such as use of probiotics, prebiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have been proposed as interventions to treat and prevent metabolic diseases and antimicrobial resistance, caution must be exercised, first due to the potential of probiotics to enhance antimicrobial resistance gene reservoirs, and second, a ‘healthy gut microbiome’ that can be used as a biobank for transplantation is yet to be defined. We highlight that sampling other parts of the gastrointestinal tract may produce more representative data than the faecal microbiome alone.
Prevalence rates of cataract and cataract surgery in elderly Chinese people living in suburban Shanghai: the Pujiang Cataract Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Chen Jiahui , Yang Fan , Xu Binxin , Tang Yating , Lu Yi 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo estimate the prevalence rates of cataract and cataract surgery in suburban Shanghai, China.MethodsThis population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Pujiang Town, Shanghai, China, using a random cluster sampling strategy. A total of 5846 participants (11,657 eyes) aged ≥65 years were enrolled. Detailed eye examinations included presenting visual acuity (VA), best-corrected VA, non-contact tonometry, measurement of ocular parameters using IOLMaster 700, slit-lamp assessment of lens opacities using the Lens Opacities Classification System III and dilated fundus evaluation.ResultsCataract was present in 57.0% of participants (53.8% of eyes). Cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) were found in 41.3%, 41.0% and 12.6% of participants. Among participants with any cataract, VA was <20/40 in 32.5%. According to Global Burden of Disease Study visual impairment (VI) criteria, 52.5% of participants with PSC had VI, 4.9% were considered blind (VA <20/400) and 31.9% had moderate VI (VA ≥20/400 to <20/63). This rate was significantly greater than that in participants with cortical (32.0%) or nuclear (38.0%) cataract (P<0.05). Cataract surgery was performed in 8.1% of eyes (men, 3.1%; women, 5.0%) or 10.9% of participants (men, 4.2%; women, 6.7%).ConclusionsThe Pujiang Cataract Cohort Study has revealed the prevalence rates of cataract and cataract surgery among elderly individuals in suburban Shanghai, China. Although the frequency of cataract surgery has increased in China in recent decades, the high prevalence of cataract-related VI among older people suggests further attention to primary eyecare and medical awareness is necessary.
Racial disparities in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure outcomes
Authors: Helzberg James H , Parish Alice , Niedzwiecki Donna , Kim Charles Y , Patel Yuval A , Wilder Julius M , Muir Andrew J 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is an important intervention for management of complications of portal hypertension. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of mortality from the TIPS procedure with a focus on race and ethnicity.DesignTIPS procedures from 2012 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample were identified. Weighting was applied to generate nationally representative results. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. χ2and Student’s t-tests were performed for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Predictors of mortality following TIPS were assessed by survey-weighted logistic regression.Results17 175 (95% CI 16 254 to 18 096) TIPS cases were identified. Approximately 71% were non-Hispanic (NH) white, 6% were NH black, 16% were Hispanic and 7% were other. NH black patients undergoing TIPS had an in-hospital mortality rate of 20.1%, nearly double the in-hospital mortality of any other racial or ethnic group. NH black patients also had significantly longer median postprocedure and total lengths of stay (p=0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). The interaction of race by clinical indication was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). NH black patients had increased mortality compared with other racial/ethnic groups when presenting with bleeding oesophageal varices (OR 3.85, 95% CI 2.14 to 6.95).ConclusionThis cohort study presents important findings in end-stage liver disease care, with clear racial disparities in in-hospital outcomes following the TIPS procedure. Specifically, black patients had significantly higher in-hospital mortality and longer lengths of stay. Further research is needed to understand how we can better care for black patients with liver disease.