bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Simulation for Adoption of New Technology to Improve Sepsis Care in Rural Emergency Departments
Authors: Powell Emilie S. , Bond William F. , Barker Lisa T. , Cooley Kimberly , Lee Julia , Vincent Andrew L. , Vozenilek John A. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study were to evaluate whether in situ (on-site) simulation training is associated with increased telemedicine use for patients presenting to rural emergency departments (EDs) with severe sepsis and septic shock and to evaluate the association between simulation training and telehealth with acute sepsis bundle (SEP-1) compliance and mortality.

Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study of patients presenting to 2 rural EDs with severe sepsis and/or septic shock before and after rollout of in situ simulation training that included education on sepsis management and the use of telehealth. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were conducted to describe the association of simulation training with sepsis process of care markers and with mortality.

Results
The study included 1753 patients, from 2 rural EDs, 629 presented before training and 1124 presented after training. There were no differences in patient characteristics between the 2 groups. Compliance with several SEP-1 bundle components improved after training: antibiotics within 3 hours, intravenous fluid administration, repeat lactic acid assessment, and vasopressor administration. The use of telemedicine increased from 2% to 5% after training. Use of telemedicine was associated with increases in repeat lactic acid assessment and reassessment for septic shock. We did not demonstrate an improvement in mortality across either of the 2 group comparisons.

Conclusions
We demonstrate an association between simulation and improved care delivery. Implementing an in situ simulation curriculum in rural EDs was associated with a small increase in the use of telemedicine and improvements in sepsis process of care markers but did not demonstrate improvement in mortality. The small increase in telemedicine limited conclusions on its impact.
Higher risk of auto versus pedestrian crashes in school-age children on school days
Authors: Morrison Chad , Olson Ty , McNickle Allison G. , Fraser Douglas R. , Kuhls Deborah A. , Gryder-Culver Laura K. , Slinkard-Barnum Samantha , Saquib Syed F. , Carroll Joseph T. , Chestovich Paul J. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
This study examines the rates of pediatric auto versus pedestrian collision (APCs) and determined ages and periods of greatest risk. We hypothesized that the rate of APC in children would be higher on school days and in the timeframes correlating with travel to and from school.

METHODS
Retrospective case-control study of APC on school and nonschool days for patients younger than 18 years at an urban Level II pediatric trauma center from January 2011 to November 2019. Frequency of APC by hour of the day was plotted overall, for school versus nonschool days and for age groups: 0 year to 4 years, 5 years to 9 years, 10 years to 13 years, and 14 years to 17 years. t Test was used with a p value less than 0.05, which was considered significant.

RESULTS
There were 441 pediatric APC in the study period. Frequency of all APC was greater on school days (0.174 vs. 0.101; relative risk [RR], 1.72, p < 0.001), and APC with Injury Severity Score greater than 15 (0.039 vs. 0.024; p = 0.014; RR, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.56). Comparing school day with nonschool day, the 0-year to 4-year group had no significant difference in APC frequency (0.021 vs. 0.014; p = 0.129), APC frequency was higher on school days in all other age groups: 5 years to 9 years (0.036 vs. 0.019; RR, 1.89; p = 0.0134), 10 years to 13 years (0.055 vs. 0.024; RR, 2.29; p < 0.001), and 14 years to 17 years (0.061 vs. 0.044; RR, 1.39; p = 0.045). The greatest increase in APC on school days was in the 10-year to 13-year age group.

DISCUSSION
All school age children are at higher risk of APC on school days. The data support our hypothesis that children are at higher risk of APC during transit to and from school. The age 10-year to 13-year group had a 129% increase in APC frequency on school days. This age group should be a focus of injury prevention efforts.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level IV.
Direct to OR resuscitation of abdominal trauma: An NTDB propensity matched outcomes study
Authors: Habarth-Morales Theodore E. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Gadomski Stephen P. , Stanley Tiffani , Donnelly Julie P. , Koenig George J. , Cohen Murray J. , Marks Joshua A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Direct to operating room resuscitation (DOR) is used by some trauma centers for severely injured trauma patients as an approach to minimize time to hemorrhage control. It is unknown whether this strategy results in favorable outcomes. We hypothesized that utilization of an emergency department operating room (EDOR) for resuscitation of patients with abdominal trauma at an urban Level I trauma center would be associated with decreased time to laparotomy and improved outcomes.

METHODS
We included patients 15 years or older with abdominal trauma who underwent emergent laparotomy within 120 minutes of arrival both at our institution and within a National Trauma Data Bank sample between 2007 to 2019 and 2013 to 2016, respectively. Our institutional sample was matched 1:1 to an American College of Surgeons National Trauma Databank sample using propensity score matching based on age, sex, mechanism of injury, and abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale score. The primary outcome was time to laparotomy incision. Secondary outcomes included blood transfusion requirement, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, hospital LOS, and in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
Two hundred forty patients were included (120 institutional, 120 national). Both samples were well balanced, and 83.3% sustained penetrating trauma. There were 84.2% young adults between the ages of 15 and 47, 91.7% were male, 47.5% Black/African American, with a median Injury Severity Score of 14 (interquartile range [IQR], 8–29), Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 (IQR, 13–15), 71.7% had an systolic blood pressure of >90 mm Hg, and had a shock index of 0.9 (IQR, 0.7–1.1) which did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Treatment in the EDOR was associated with decreased time to incision (25.5 minutes vs. 40 minutes; p ≤ 0.001), ICU LOS (1 vs. 3.1 days; p < 0.001), transfusion requirement within 24 hours (3 units vs. 5.8 units packed red blood cells; p = 0.025), hospital LOS (5 days vs. 8.5 days, p = 0.014), and ventilator days (1 day vs. 2 days; p ≤ 0.001). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (22.5% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.14) or outcome-free days (4.9 days vs. 4.5 days, p = 0.55).

CONCLUSION
The use of an EDOR is associated with decreased time to hemorrhage control as evidenced by the decreased time to incision, blood transfusion requirement, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, and ventilator days. These findings support DOR for patients sustaining operative abdominal trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management, Level III.
Modelling how the altered usage of cell entry pathways by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant may affect the efficacy and synergy of TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L inhibitors
Authors: Padmanabhan Pranesh , Dixit Narendra M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant harbours mutations in its spike protein, which may affect its cell entry, tropism, and response to interventions. To elucidate these effects, we developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and applied it to analyse recent in vitro data. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using host proteases, either Cathepsin B/L or TMPRSS2. We estimated >4-fold increase and >3-fold decrease in entry efficiency using Cathepsin B/L and TMPRSS2, respectively, of the Omicron variant relative to the original or other strains in a cell type-dependent manner. Our model predicted that Cathepsin B/L inhibitors would be more and TMPRSS2 inhibitors less efficacious against the Omicron than the original strain. Furthermore, the two inhibitor classes would exhibit synergy, although the drug concentrations maximizing synergy would have to be tailored to the Omicron variant. These findings provide insights into the cell entry mechanisms of the Omicron variant and have implications for interventions.
An adaptive testing strategy for efficient utilization of healthcare resources during an epidemic
Authors: Balakrishnan Sreenath , Palathingal Safvan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStringent lockdowns imposed as a preventive measure against rapidly spreading epidemics like COVID-19 adversely affect the economy. They also prolong the duration of the epidemic, making the hardship on the economy two-fold. The extended duration observed in strategies rooted in social distancing and lockdowns is often due to the under-utilization of medical facilities. Even though an under-utilized health care system is preferred over an overwhelmed one, an alternate and optimal strategy is to maintain medical facilities close to their capacity. We show that such a control strategy can be achieved by varying the testing rate and we present an algorithm to calculate the number of tests per day to achieve this. We illustrate the efficacy of our strategy by showing that it reduced the epidemic duration by 40% in comparison to lockdown-based strategies. Our strategy helps in managing the epidemic without high fatalities and the crippling effects of lockdowns.
Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection among University Employees in Indonesia
Authors: Widyahening Indah Suci , Vidiawati Dhanasari , Pakasi Trevino A , Soewondo Pradana , Ahsan Abdillah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are still a major public health problem in Indonesia. Studies have shown that risk factors of NCDs were associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether NCD risk factors are also risks for new COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to obtain the NCD risk profiles among university’s employees and its association with COVID-19 infection.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021. Participants were administrative employees of Universitas Indonesia (UI), Depok City, West Java. Assessment of NCDs risk factors was based on the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (WHO STEPS). Demographics, working and medical history data were obtained electronically by using a Google Form. Physical and laboratory examination were done in the Integrated Post for NCDs. Risks were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 613 employees were enrolled. Men were predominant (54.8%) and about 36% of them work in shift as security personnel. About 66.7% were overweight or obese and 77.8% had hypertension. There were 138 (22.8%) employees who had COVID-19 infection. Nearly all (95.6%) have completed COVID-19 vaccination. At-risk waist circumference (ORadj1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.60, p=0.007) and total cholesterol level of 200-239 mg/dL (ORadj2.24, 95% CI 1.15-4.33, p=0.017) were independent risk factors, but shift work (ORadj0.54, 95% CI 0.24-0.84, p=0.006) was protective to COVID-19 infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of NCDs risk factors among university administrative employees was high, increasing the risk for COVID-19 infection. A behavioral intervention program to manage the NCD risk factors at the university level is urgently needed according to the Health Promoting University framework.
Does use of nontraditional credit increase risk?
Authors: Dodson Charles B. , Ahrendsen Bruce L. , Short Gianna 
Published: January 2022

PurposeA potential farm policy concern is that if nontraditional (vendor/point-of-sale) financing represents increased risk, it may have an aggregate effect on sector-wide farm financial risk. This analysis examines the use of nontraditional lender credit among borrowers in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Farm Service Agency (FSA)'s direct farm loan programs.Design/methodology/approachData source included the USDA FSA direct operating loan program for 2011–2020. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the occurrence of default over seven-year term direct operating loans.FindingsResults indicated that point-of-sale financing has a significant and positive relationship with risk for FSA direct operating loan borrowers. The presence of intermediate point-of-sale financing (mostly from machinery and equipment vendors) is associated with an increased probability of default of 9%, and the presence of such loan balances in the amount of $50,000 or more had a higher probability of default of 21%. Short-term nontraditional financing (for example from fertilizer vendors) was found to be positively related to borrower risk of default as indicated by a 22–25% increase in the likelihood of loan default.Originality/valueThrough FSA Farm Business Plan data, the authors were able to distinguish specific vendors and their loan purpose, which advances the knowledge beyond what is currently available through survey data. Findings indicate a minor increase in borrower risk for those with intermediate-term nontraditional financing. However, borrowers with short-term nontraditional financing and having large balances or greater number of nontraditional loans had increases in risk of default by substantive amounts.
Competitive intelligence practices in Japanese companies: multicase studies
Authors: Tsuchimoto Ichiro , Kajikawa Yuya 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study investigates competitive intelligence (CI)-related practices in companies, including process, scope and organizational structure. As these aspects have not been sufficiently discussed in the literature, the study objective is to determine (1) the type of CI process being employed, (2) whether the CI scope is limited to competitor analysis or spans a broader business environment and (3) whether the CI process and scope vary depending on organizational CI.Design/methodology/approachAn interview was conducted at two types of Japanese companies: one established a CI department to implement CI, whereas the other did not establish a CI department and conducted CI in an ad hoc manner. Multicase studies were performed to examine companies with different organizational structures.FindingsThe CI scopes included a broad range of factors (e.g. technology, customers, markets, suppliers, economy, society, politics, legislation and regulation), and not only competitor analysis. An established CI department did not guarantee a well-organized CI process. Furthermore, the lack of such a department did not preclude systematic CI processes or activities.Originality/valueThe authors classified the CI in the companies the authors inspected as either systematic (organized CI) or ad hoc (unorganized CI) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of both are discussed. The authors found the promotion mechanisms in company-wide CI process, which can cause intelligence transfers from CI to absorptive capacity processes.
Negative effects of enterprise social networks (ESNs) and technostress: empirical evidence from R&D centres operating in India
Authors: Nayak Sunanda , Budhwar Pawan 
Published: January 2022

PurposeNowadays, technostress is a common problem for many organisations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the underlying mechanisms under which enterprise social networks (ESNs) leads to technostress and their consequences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 242 employees working in research and development (R&D) centres in India and analysed the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings of the study contribute to the growing body of knowledge in “dark side of social media research” by researching the phenomenon of higher use of ESNs in organisations and the consequences while theoretically delineating the effect of social, hedonic and cognitive use of ESNs in organisations on technostress, thus extending prior research on adverse impact of social media and technostress research. The results revealed that both ESNs’ need and technostress is adversely related to mental health, performance and greater turnover intention, and perceived organisation support (POS) played a moderating role in this relationship such that with higher POS, employee turnover intention reduces. By uncovering the role of POS as a potential moderator, the findings provide empirical evidence for POS and technostress in organisations, thus offering practical implications for the ESNs strategists, managers and practitioners to develop ESNs’ usage policies to avoid adverse outcomes of technostress in organisations.Research limitations/implicationsThis research advances theoretical understanding of the relationship between ESNs, technostress, mental health, performance and turnover” intention while contributing extensively to the technostress literature and to the scholarship of ESNs. In addition, by uncovering the role of perceived organisational support as a potential moderator, this study contributes to the existing literature on POS.Practical implicationsThe empirically tested model delivered by this research will enable organisations to understand different excessive usage patterns of ESNs at work, which contribute to negative outcomes for organisations and employees. The findings support the maintenance of social life at work affecting better employee mental health, and the application of cognitive use of ESNs can reduce technostress. Hence, organisational strategies should implement employee policies and interventions that facilitate better work–social life and well-being, simultaneously encouraging usage of ESNs largely for work-related information transmission and sharing within the organisations.Originality/valueThis study constructed a moderated-mediation model by introducing the potential mediating effect of technostress, mental health and performance and the moderating effect of POS to reveal the mechanism through which ESNs related to technostress, mental health, performance and turnover intention in the Indian context.
Gambling in professional sport: the enabling role of “regulatory legitimacy”
Authors: Evans Richard , Walters Geoff , Hamil Sean 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explain why organisations remain vulnerable to financial failure despite increasing financial regulation to improve governance. Using a case study of gambling and regulation in professional football in England, it introduces the concept of “regulatory legitimacy” to show how this enables football clubs to gamble.

Design/methodology/approach
The study quantifies the extent to which football clubs in the Championship of the English Football League (EFL) adopt a conventionally economically irrational decision to run a loss-making budget in the hope of achieving sporting success. The study postulates criteria for evidence of this form of gambling by overspending on playing talent with data from the clubs’ published financial statements. A pay-off matrix is developed to compare the intended and actual outcomes.

Findings
The research finds that this strategy was both prevalent and the most successful to achieve promotion.

Originality/value
This study makes three contributions. The first is the quantification of the prevalence of this form of gambling. The second is the finding that, despite regulations to limit spending on wages, gambling is rational in the non-economic sense because it is almost a necessary strategy to achieve promotion if the club had not been relegated from the Premier League in the previous season. The third contribution is the development of the concept of “regulatory legitimacy” as a way to understand the process through which regulations are implemented yet are ineffective at curbing financial gambling.
Numerical simulation of the influence of mixed sand on erosion characteristics of centrifugal pump
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Jie , Li Gangxiang , Liu Houlin , Xiong Wei 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to predict the erosion rate of the components of centrifugal pump under certain operating condition to identify the maximum erosion area and to discuss the factors affecting them. This helps to optimize design and estimate service life.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper, the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach method coupled with the erosion model to investigate the mixed sand characteristics on erosion characteristics of centrifugal pump flow-through wall. The hydraulic performance and wear characteristics experiment of the pump is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation.FindingsThe blade erosion area mainly occurs near the blade inlet and the trailing edge of the pressure surface, the main erosion area of the impeller back shroud is near the outlet of the flow passage and the main erosion area of the volute is near the tongue and the I section. With the change of the average diameter and density of sand particles, the average erosion rate on different flow-through walls is positively correlated with the average mass concentration to a certain extent. However, for different sand shape factors, there is little correlation between the average erosion rate and the average mass concentration. In addition, compared with other erosion areas, the increase of average sand particle diameter and density has the greatest impact on the total erosion rate of blade pressure surface, while the shape of sand particles has a greater impact on the total erosion rate of each flow-through wall of centrifugal pump.Originality/valueIn this work, according to the characteristics of the mixed distribution of different sand diameters in the Yellow River Basin, the erosion characteristics of centrifugal pumps used in the Yellow River Basin are studied. The numerical calculation method for predicting the wall erosion of centrifugal pump is established and compared with the experimental results. The results can provide reference for optimizing design and increasing service life.
The effect of cultural intelligence of top management on pro-diversity work climate and work attitudes of Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand
Authors: Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth , Phungsoonthorn Tipnuch 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis research examines the effect of cultural intelligence (CQ) of top management on pro-diversity climates and perceived discrimination of the Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. This research also analyzes the effect of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction and turnover intention of the Myanmar migrant workers.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 650 Myanmar migrant workers who are employed at two factories in Thailand. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as the data analysis method.FindingsThe results significantly support the positive effect of perceived management CQ on pro-diversity climates. Pro-diversity climates are also negatively and significantly associated with perceived discrimination. Moreover, the effect of perceived management CQ on perceived discrimination is fully mediated by pro-diversity climate.Originality/valueThis research clarifies that simply ensuring top management possess CQ may not be a sufficient condition for the company to successfully tackle discrimination in the workplace. Rather, it is crucial for the top management to create an organizational climate that is supportive of the racial diversity of foreign migrant employees.