bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical and philosophical problems with the subspecies rank
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Crother Brian I. , Murray Christopher M. , Smith Brian Tilston , Ruane Sara , Myers Edward A. , Pyron Robert Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpecies‐level taxonomy derives from empirical sources (data and techniques) that assess the existence of spatiotemporal evolutionary lineages via various species “concepts.” These concepts determine if observed lineages are independent given a particular methodology and ontology, which relates the metaphysical species concept to what “kind” of thing a species is in reality. Often, species concepts fail to link epistemology back to ontology. This lack of coherence is in part responsible for the persistence of the subspecies rank, which in modern usage often functions as a placeholder between the evolutionary events of divergence or collapse of incipient species. Thus, prospective events like lineages merging or diverging require information from unknowable future information. This is also conditioned on evidence that the lineage already has a detectably distinct evolutionary history. Ranking these lineages as subspecies can seem attractive given that many lineages do not exhibit intrinsic reproductive isolation. We argue that using subspecies is indefensible on philosophical and empirical grounds. Ontologically, the rank of subspecies is either identical to that of species or undefined in the context of evolutionary lineages representing spatiotemporally defined individuals. Some species concepts more inclined to consider subspecies, like the Biological Species Concept, are disconnected from evolutionary ontology and do not consider genealogy. Even if ontology is ignored, methods addressing reproductive isolation are often indirect and fail to capture the range of scenarios linking gene flow to species identity over space and time. The use of subspecies and reliance on reproductive isolation as a basis for an operational species concept can also conflict with ethical issues governing the protection of species. We provide a way forward for recognizing and naming species that links theoretical and operational species concepts regardless of the magnitude of reproductive isolation.
Role of N, N′‐Diboryl‐4, 4′‐bipyridinylidene in the Transition‐Metal‐Free Borylation of Aryl Halides and Direct C−H Arylation of Unactivated Benzene
Authors: Waghamare Akash B. , Raut Ravindra K. , Patel Niranjan , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN,N′‐Diboryl‐4,4′‐bipyridinylidene (BBiPy) has been utilized in sub‐stoichiometric amounts along with anionic base as one electron donor species for both transition metal‐free borylation of aryl halides and arene C−H functionalization with aryl iodides for biaryl syntheses. Reaction between BBiPy and potassium tert‐butoxide or methoxide has led to the formation of 4,4′‐bipyridine radical anion (BiPy⋅−) with the release of an electron. The BiPy⋅− has been structurally characterized. The single electron released is transferred to aryl halides generating aryl radicals, which then react with diboron in the presence of methoxide to form aryl boronate and with unactivated benzene in the presence of tert‐butoxide to form biaryls. Substrate scopes studies showed that aryl iodides and bromides undergo borylation (1B–12B), while only aryl iodides undergo C−C bond formation with arene C−H (1C–8C) through radical chain reaction. Mechanisms for C−B and C−C bond formation have been proposed based on the experimental findings.
Metalation of 2‐Quinolyl‐Linked (Boranophosphinoyl)methane −Alkali Metal, Alkaline Earth Metal, and Ytterbium(II) Complexes of Monoanionic [CH(iPr2P−BH3)(C9H6N‐2)]− Ligand
Authors: Choi Tsz‐Hei , Leung Wing‐Por , Lee Hung Kay , Chan Yuk‐Chi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes, and an ytterbium(II) complex of monoanionic [CH(iPr2P−BH3)(C9H6N‐2)]− ligand (abbreviated as LQPB−) were synthesized. Lithium complexes [Li(LQPB)(TMEDA)] (2, TMEDA=Me2NCH2CH2NMe2) and [Li(LQPB)(12‐crown‐4)] (3) were prepared by lithiation of 1 with LinBu in the presence of TMEDA and 12‐crown‐4 ether, respectively. Treatment of 2 with NaOtBu and KOtBu, respectively, followed by addition of 18‐crown‐6 ether yielded monomeric sodium complex [Na(LQPB)(18‐crown‐6)] (4) and polymeric potassium derivative [K(LQPB)(18‐crown‐6)]n (5). Metalation of 1 with MgnBu2/TMEDA afforded [Mg(LQPB)2(TMEDA)] (6). Heavier group 2 complexes [Ca(LQPB)2(DME)2] (7), [Sr(LQPB)2]2 (8) and [Ba(LQPB)2(DME)] (9) were synthesized by metalation of 1 with the corresponding alkaline earth metal amide M[N(SiMe3)2]2(DME)n (M=Ca or Ba, n=2; M=Sr, n=0) in toluene under reflux conditions. Treatment of YbI2(THF)2 with potassium complex 5 led to isolation of mononuclear Yb(II) complex [Yb(LQPB)2(18‐crown‐6)] (10).
Cerium(IV)‐Mediated Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Spirodienone Lactams
Authors: Adler Pauline , Perez Vincent , Roupnel Loïc , Fadel Antoine , Rabasso Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

Abstractα‐Phosphorylated para‐methoxybenzyl allenamides were oxidised with cerium(IV) to produce spirodienone lactams through a 5‐endo‐dig cyclisation. By modulating the electronic effects on the phosphorus and nitrogen atoms we were able to overcome some of the limitations of our first‐generation approach. Moreover, replacement of α‐allenylphosphonates with ynamido‐phosphonates led, in two steps, to the same spirodienone core after oxidation with cerium(IV) hence overcoming other limitations of the previous method.
One‐Pot Divergent Synthesis of Benzoxazines and Dihydroquinolines from Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Alcohols
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Xuling , Li Pengfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBenzoxazines and hydroquinolines have been prepared by a one‐pot process via catalyst‐controlled divergent annulations of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) alcohols. In the presence of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, MBH alcohols reacted with Boc2O to form MBH carbonates, followed by intramolecular annulation to give 4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazines. Divergently, the combination of Bu4NBr and NaOH enabled the formation of 1,2‐dihydroquinolines from the same starting materials.
A Novel Electrochemical Method for the Sensitive Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Using a Bivalent Binding Aptamer‐cDNA Structure
Authors: Sameiyan Elham , Lavaee Parirokh , Ramezani Mohammad , Alibolandi Mona , Khoshbin Zahra , Abnous Khalil , Taghdisi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a simple electrochemical sensing platform with the employment of a bivalent binding aptamer‐cDNA probe (BBA‐cDNA) structure is constructed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a mycotoxin. The BBA‐cDNA structure is composed of two strands of aptamer (Apts) and their complementary strand (CS). Using a simple but accurate design, the presented measurement approach showed enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for AFB1 detection with a LOD of 0.1 ng/mL. The approach presented in this study can be applied to the development of biosensors for the measurement of various toxins by substituting the proper aptamers and complementary strands.
Commercially Available Nitrate Ionophores in Potentiometric Sensors are not Superior to Common Ion‐exchangers
Authors: Damala Polyxeni , Zdrachek Elena , Bakker Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitrate sensing is an important application for potentiometry in environmental applications. Its recognition is by ion‐exchangers whose selectivity is governed by the lipophilicity of the ions in solution. Yet, considerable research efforts have been dedicated to the development of such ionophores and some have already been commercialized. This work examines two commercially available nitrate ionophores, nitrate ionophores V and VI, and compares their performance with widely used ion‐exchangers by determining the resulting membrane selectivity and complexation to nitrate. Unfortunately, adding a nitrate ionophore to the membrane did not result in improved selectivity. Sandwich membrane experiments indicated that binding interaction is too weak to be measurable, with a logarithmic formation constant of just 1.36±0.14 for ionophore V with nitrate. Ways to improve the reporting of relevant data are suggested.
Epidemic trend analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries using modified susceptible‐infected‐recovered predictive model
Authors: Dey Samrat Kumar , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Shibly Kabid Hassan , Siddiqi Umme Raihan , Howlader Arpita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel coronavirus causing the severe and fatal respiratory syndrome was identified in China, is now producing outbreaks in more than 200 countries around the world, and became pandemic by the time. In this article, a modified version of the well‐known mathematical epidemic model susceptible‐infected‐recovered (SIR) is used to analyze the epidemic's course of COVID‐19 in eight different countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). To achieve this goal, the parameters of the SIR model are identified by using publicly available data for the corresponding countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Based on the prediction model, we estimated the epidemic trend of COVID‐19 outbreak in SAARC countries for 20, 90, and 180 days, respectively. A short‐mid‐long term prediction model has been designed to understand the early dynamics of the COVID‐19 epidemic in the southeast Asian region. The maximum and minimum basic reproduction numbers (R0 = 1.33 and 1.07) for SAARC countries are predicted to be in Pakistan and Bhutan. We equate simulation results with real data in the SAARC countries on the COVID‐19 outbreak, and predicted different scenarios using the modified SIR prediction model. Our results should provide policymakers with a method for evaluating the impacts of possible interventions, including lockdown and social distancing, as well as testing and contact tracking.
Effect of fenfluramine on seizures and comorbidities in SCN8A‐developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: A case series
Authors: Aledo‐Serrano Ángel , Cabal‐Paz Borja , Gardella Elena , Gómez‐Porro Pablo , Martínez‐Múgica Otilia , Beltrán‐Corbellini Alvaro , Toledano Rafael , García‐Morales Irene , Gil‐Nagel Antonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSCN8A‐developmental and epileptic encephalopathy is caused by pathogenic variants in the SCN8A gene encoding the Nav1.6 sodium channel, and is characterized by intractable multivariate seizures and developmental regression. Fenfluramine is a repurposed drug with proven antiseizure efficacy in Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. The effect of fenfluramine treatment was assessed in a retrospective series of three patients with intractable SCN8A epilepsy and severe neurodevelopmental comorbidity (n = 2 females; age 2.8–13 years; 8–16 prior failed antiseizure medications [ASM]; treatment duration: 0.75–4.2 years). In the 6 months prior to receiving fenfluramine, patients experienced multiple seizure types, including generalized tonic–clonic, focal and myoclonic seizures, and status epilepticus. Overall seizure reduction was 60%–90% in the last 3, 6, and 12 months of fenfluramine treatment. Clinically meaningful improvement was noted in ≥1 non‐seizure comorbidity per patient after fenfluramine, as assessed by physician‐ratings of ≥“Much Improved” on the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale. Improvements included ambulation in a previously non‐ambulant patient and better attention, sleep, and language. One patient showed mild irritability which resolved; no other treatment‐related adverse events were reported. There were no reports of valvular heart disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Fenfluramine may be a promising ASM for randomized clinical trials in SCN8A‐related disorders.
Nematode Community of a Natural Grassland Responds Sensitively to the Broad-Spectrum Fungicide Mancozeb in Soil Microcosms
Authors: Höss Sebastian , Reiff Nicola , Asekunowo Jennifer , Helder Johannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fungicides make up the largest part of total pesticide use, with the dithiocarbamate mancozeb being widely applied as a nonsystemic contact pesticide to protect a wide range of field crops against fungal diseases. Although nematodes are key drivers of soil functioning, data on effects of fungicides, and especially mancozeb, on these nontarget organisms are scarce. Therefore, the effects of mancozeb on a soil nematode community from a natural grassland were assessed in small-scale soil microcosms. Nematodes were exposed to mancozeb-spiked soil in six nominal concentrations (7–133 mg/kg dry soil) and analyzed after 14, 56, and 84 days in terms of densities, genus composition, and functional traits. Because this fungicide is known to quickly degrade in soils (50% degradation time &lt;1 day), mancozeb concentrations were analyzed for all sampling occasions. Chemical analysis revealed considerably lower measured concentrations compared with the aimed nominal soil concentrations at the beginning of the exposure (1–18 mg/kg dry soil), suggesting fast degradation during the spiking process. Nevertheless, the native nematode community responded sensitively to the fungicide mancozeb, revealing lower no-observed-effect concentration and 10% effect concentration (EC10) values than reported for other soil invertebrates such as springtails and earthworms. Using the EC10 for the most sensitive nematode community endpoint (percentage of predators and omnivores: 1.2 mg/kg dry soil), the risk assessment exhibited a toxicity exposure ratio of 0.66 and, thus, a high risk of mancozeb for soil nematodes. Keeping in mind their abundance and their central roles in soil food-web functioning, the demonstrated sensitivity to a widely applied fungicide underscores the relevance of the inclusion of nematodes into routine risk-assessment programs for pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2420–2430. © 2022 SETAC
Collembola are Among the Most Pesticide-Sensitive Soil Fauna Groups: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Joimel Sophie , Chassain Juliette , Artru Maxime , Faburé Juliette 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pesticides are a major concern because of their deleterious impacts on biodiversity and on the ecological functions provided by living organisms. Although earthworms are well studied, smaller-sized organisms, such as Collembola, also contribute to the agroecosystem functioning, and their sensitivity to pesticides makes them good bioindicators of soil quality. Using data from 21 publications, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the pesticide sensitivity of Collembola with other soil invertebrate groups and discuss the relevance of including tests on representatives of this microarthropods group in European regulation tests. We defined a paired observation as the median lethal concentration or the median effect concentration values for both Collembola species and another soil fauna group (Acari, enchytraeids, earthworms, isopods, and nematodes) under a unique combination of author, year, substance, and type of soil (61 and 57 paired observations for reproduction and lethal effects). In some studies, paired comparisons were available for several groups of soil fauna. We demonstrated that Collembola are among the most sensitive soil fauna groups to a variety of pesticides, notably for effects on reproduction, mostly compared with earthworms and enchytraeids. Because there are several modes of exposure and explaining factors, we suggest moving from a single-species study to a food-chain approach integrating different taxonomic groups. Differences between soil fauna groups in sensitivity or response to pesticides could have effects on soil communities and also on soil functions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2333–2341. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Atomic cerium modulated palladium nanoclusters exsolved ferrite catalysts for lean methane conversion
Authors: Yang Yanling , Wang Si , Tu Xin , Hu Zhiwei , Zhu Yinlong , Guo Hongquan , Li Zhishan , Zhang Li , Peng Meilan , Jia Lichao , Yang Meiting , Yang Guangming , Qiao Xurong , Sun Jiahui , Liang Xiaolu , Zhang Zhen , Zhu Yanru , Shi Lei , Jiang Chenxing , Zhao Yingru , Li Jianhui , Shao Zongping , Zhang Xin , Sun Yifei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe active and stable palladium (Pd) based catalysts for CH4 conversion are of great environmental and industrial significance. Herein, we employed N2 as an optimal activation agent to develop a Pd nanocluster exsolved Ce‐incorporated perovskite ferrite catalyst toward lean methane oxidation. Replacing the traditional initiator of H2, the N2 was found as an effective driving force to selectively touch off the surface exsolution of Pd nanocluster from perovskite framework without deteriorating the overall material robustness. The catalyst showed an outstanding T50 (temperature of 50% conversion) plummeting down to 350°C, outperforming the pristine and H2‐activated counterparts. Further, the combined theoretical and experimental results also deciphered the crucial role that the atomically dispersed Ce ions played in both construction of active sites and CH4 conversion. The isolated Ce located at the A‐site of perovskite framework facilitated the thermodynamic and kinetics of the Pd exsolution process, lowering its formation temperature and promoting its quantity. Moreover, the incorporation of Ce lowered the energy barrier for cleavage of C─H bond, and was dedicated to the preservation of highly reactive PdOx moieties during stability measurement. This work successfully ventures uncharted territory of in situ exsolution to provide a new design thinking for a highly performed catalytic interface.
Parental emotional support trajectories and the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity
Authors: Tabet Maya , Xaverius Pamela K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 6108; 50.9% males; 16.7% Black, 8.1% Hispanic, 75.2% Non‐Black, Non‐Hispanic) to examine associations between parental emotional support trajectories at 0–15 years and overweight or obesity at 15–19 years and explore the effects of timing and cumulative exposure to low parental emotional support on overweight or obesity. Parental emotional support was assessed using the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment and adolescent overweight or obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force cut‐offs. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify parental emotional support trajectories and Poisson regression was used to examine associations under study. Low parental emotional support in childhood increased the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity, with gender‐based differences.Highlights
We examined associations between parental emotional support at 0–15 years and overweight or obesity at 15–19 years
We used Latent Class Analysis to identify parental emotional support trajectories and Poisson regression to examine associations under study
Low parental emotional support in childhood increased the risk of adolescent overweight or obesity, with gender‐based differences
Human iPSC‐Vascular smooth muscle cell spheroids demonstrate size‐dependent alterations in cellular viability and secretory function
Authors: Islam Sara , Parker Jackson , Dash Biraja C. , Hsia Henry C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their differentiated vascular cells have been revolutionizing the field of regenerative wound healing. These cells are shown to be rejuvenated with immense potentials in secreting paracrine factors. Recently, hiPSC‐derived vascular smooth muscle cells (hiPSC‐VSMC) have shown regenerative wound healing ability via their paracrine secretion. The quest to modulate the secretory function of these hiPSC‐VSMC is an ongoing effort and involves the use of both biochemical and biophysical stimuli. This study explores the development and optimization of a reproducible, inexpensive protocol to form hiPSC‐VSMC derived spheroids to investigate the implications of spheroid size on viability and paracrine secretion. Our data show the successful formation of different sizes of spheroids using various amount of hiPSC‐VSMC. The hiPSC‐VSMC spheroids formed with 10,000 cells strike an ideal balance between overall cell health and maximal paracrine secretion. The conditioned medium from these spheroids was found to be bioactive in enhancing human dermal fibroblast cell proliferation and migration. This research will inform future studies on the optimal spheroid size for regenerative wound healing applications.
Targeted Long-Read Sequencing Identifies a Retrotransposon Insertion as a Cause of Altered GNAS Exon A/B Methylation in a Family With Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1b (PHP1B)
Authors: Miller Danny E , Hanna Patrick , Galey Miranda , Reyes Monica , Linglart Agnès , Eichler Evan E , Jüppner Harald 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized predominantly by resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. These laboratory abnormalities are caused by maternal loss-of-methylation (LOM) at GNAS exon A/B, which reduces in cis expression of the stimulatory G protein α-subunit (Gsα). Paternal Gsα expression in proximal renal tubules is silenced through unknown mechanisms, hence LOM at exon A/B reduces further Gsα protein in this kidney portion, leading to PTH resistance. In a previously reported PHP1B family, affected members showed variable LOM at exon A/B, yet no genetic defect was found by whole-genome sequencing despite linkage to GNAS. Using targeted long-read sequencing (T-LRS), we discovered an approximately 2800-bp maternally inherited retrotransposon insertion nearly 1200 bp downstream of exon XL not found in public databases or in 13,675 DNA samples analyzed by short-read whole-genome sequencing. T-LRS data furthermore confirmed normal methylation at exons XL, AS, and NESP and showed that LOM comprising exon A/B is broader than previously thought. The retrotransposon most likely causes the observed epigenetic defect by impairing function of a maternally derived NESP transcript, consistent with findings in mice lacking full-length NESP mRNA and in PHP1B patients with deletion of exon NESP and adjacent intronic sequences. In addition to demonstrating that T-LRS is an effective strategy for identifying a small disease-causing variant that abolishes or severely reduces exon A/B methylation, our data demonstrate that this sequencing technology has major advantages for simultaneously identifying structural defects and altered methylation. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).