bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrowing the age‐based digital divide: Developing digital capability through social activities
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Tao , Dasgupta Rohit K. , Xia Renpin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHealthcare information technologies (HIT) have shown great potential for improving the effectiveness and quality of healthcare services. However, the inequal ability of older adults to use HIT may limit their exploitation of these benefits. To narrow the age‐based “digital divide”, this research further develops the concept of digital capability and emphasises the link between older adults and their social context. Based on a qualitative inductive study of 33 participants, who included Chinese patients and their family members, we generate a novel theoretical model for understanding the process by which social activities may shape older adults' digital capabilities. Based on the model, we suggest two strategies that might encourage older adults to engage with HIT. This research contributes to the information systems (IS) literature by strengthening digital capability as a conceptual lens to investigate individuals' engagement with information communication technologies (ICTs). It also extends research on the social context for ICT use by revealing how social processes at multiple levels influence digital capability development. Finally, this study offers practical implications for governments and private sectors to encourage and promote ICT use by older adults.
Effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Dahua , Zhang Xiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty. A systematic literature search up to April 2022, was performed and 446 501 subjects with total joint arthroplasty at the baseline of the studies; 200 433 of them were confirmed serologic malnutrition, and 246 068 were confirmed normal nutrition. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.53–2.53, P < 0.001), higher superficial incisional surgical site infection (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.67–5.01, P < 0.001), higher deep incisional surgical site infection (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.36–3.96, P < 0.001), and higher organ space surgical site infection (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.34–4.24, P < 0.001) in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption, superficial incisional surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, and organ space surgical site infection in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Efficacy of recombinant subunit OMP and hly vaccines against Aeromonas hydrophila in Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Thirumalaikumar Eswaramoorthy , Sathishkumar Ramamoorthy , Vimal Sugumar , Babu Mariavincent Michael , Uma Ganapathi , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Citarasu Thavasimuthu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main aim of the current study was to clone and express a new outer membrane protein (OMP) and haemolysin (hly) from a pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila and to investigate their potential as a vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila infection in Rohu (Labeo rohita). The OMP and hly genes were cloned in pET‐30b vector and recombinant plasmids pET‐30b‐OMP and pET‐30b‐hly were constructed, which were then transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) was induced by IPTG, and the OMP and hly proteins were expressed highly. The proteins OMP and hly were estimated in 15% SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Their molecular weights were found to be 40 kD and 68 kD. The expressed proteins OMP and hly were purified by Ni‐NTA His‐Bind Resin column, and the immunogenicity was confirmed by Western blotting. The fishes (L. rohita) were divided into IV groups, and the group I fishes were treated with phosphate saline, the II and III group were immunized with the purified OMP and hly recombinant proteins, and the fishes were treated IV group with combined OMP and hly for 10 days. After 10 days of treatment, the fishes of all the four groups were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila. The results revealed that vaccinated fish showed significantly improved haematological profile, phagocytic activity, myeloperoxidase activity and total immunoglobulin levels on the 5th and 10th days. The non‐vaccinated group (Group I) showed 100% mortality, whereas the mixture of recombinant OMP (r‐OMP) and hly (r‐hly) protein‐treated groups (Group IV) exhibited higher survival rate (80%). Relatively, expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐10 and TGF‐β), c‐type and g‐type lysozymes were significantly up‐regulated in heart and kidney of vaccinated groups compared with the non‐vaccinated group. Our results revealed that OMP and hly genes were effective vaccine candidates in the aquaculture system and could be used as recombinant subunit vaccine for diseases caused by pathogenic A. hydrophila.
Red palm oil Pickering emulsion with pectin yields improved in vitro beta carotene bioaccessibility and oil stability: Physicochemical characterization and shelf stability studies
Authors: Mohan Kavya , Makebe Calister Wingang , Jayamurthy Purushothaman , Nisha Prakasan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPickering emulsion of red palm oil (RPO) with pectin as stabilizer was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM parameters for final red palm oil pickering emulsion (RPE) were 3% pectin, 30% RPO, and homogenization speed of 24,000 rpm for 15 min. RPE was subjected to physicochemical characterizations, along with storage studies for 15 days. Microstructure imaging of RPE confirmed pickering emulsion formation. Droplet diameter and zeta potential of RPE were 1.779 μm and −32.5 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of RPE suggested hydrogen bonding interactions between the components, and thermogravimetric analysis revealed stability up to 40°C. Gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of naturally occurring β‐carotene in the RPE (37.76 ± 1.2%) was found to be four times higher than that of RPO (8.7 ± 0.8%). The RPE was more stable at 4°C as indicated by storage analyses. RPE can improve the bioaccessibility of nutritionally important bioactive compounds.Practical applicationsPickering emulsions of RPO stabilized by pectin can be used for developing functional foods with improved bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactives such as carotenoids as well as for the delivery of temperature sensitive nutritional and bioactive compounds. These emulsions can also be found applications in beverages, low temperature processed foods and vegan fat substitutes.
Response to a novel, weight self‐awareness plan used in a multi‐component lifestyle intervention programme to reduce breast cancer risk factors in older women—Secondary analysis from the ActWELL trial
Authors: Zaremba Suzanne M. M. , Stead Martine , McKell Jennifer , O'Carroll Ronan E. , Mutrie Nanette , Treweek Shaun , Anderson Annie S. ,   the ActWELL team
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ActWELL randomised controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a weight management programme delivered by volunteer lifestyle coaches (LCs) in women attending breast clinics. The intervention focused on caloric intake and physical activity, utilising behavioural change techniques including a weight awareness plan (WAP). The current work is a secondary analysis of the ActWELL data and aims to examine the response to the weight self‐awareness plan (used as part of the intervention programme).MethodsThe LCs invited participants (n = 279) to undertake an implementation intention discussion to formulate a self‐weighing (SW) plan. Bodyweight scales were offered, and recording books provided. The physical activity component of the intervention focused on a walking plan assessed by accelerometers. The LCs contacted participants by telephone monthly and provided personalised feedback. Mann–Whitney tests and chi‐squared analysis were used to examine the effect of SW on weight change. A qualitative evaluation utilising semi‐structured interviews was also undertaken.ResultsMost participants (96.4%) agreed to set a weekly SW goal and 76 (27%) requested scales. At 12 months, 226 (81%) returned for follow up. The median (interquartile range) weight change for those who self‐ reported at least one weight (n = 211) was −2.3 kg (−5.0 to 0.0) compared to −1.2 kg (−5.0 to 0.03) in those who did not (n = 14). Participants who reported weights on more than eight occasions (39%) were significantly more likely (p = 0.012) to achieve 5% weight loss compared to those who weighed less often. Low numbers of accelerometers were returned that did not allow for significance testing. Qualitative data (n = 24) indicated that many participants found the WAP helpful and motivating.ConclusionsGreater adherence to the WAP initiated by volunteer coaches is associated with achieving 5% weight loss.
Exploring stakeholder experiences of dietetic service and care delivery: A systematic qualitative review
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Gibson Simone 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited understanding of patients' and healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences of receiving and delivering dietetic care, respectively. This systematic review of the literature used qualitative synthesis to explore the perceptions and experiences of multiple stakeholders involved in the delivery of nutrition care and dietetic service.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO and ProQuest were systematically searched. Study characteristics and perceptions of stakeholders regarding nutrition care services were extracted. Qualitative synthesis was employed and thematic analysis conducted.ResultsFive themes were identified from 44 studies related to stakeholders' perceptions of dietetic services. Studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods involving patients, families, dietitians and other healthcare professionals. The themes were (1) patients desiring a personalised approach to nutrition care; (2) accessing dietetic service; (3) perceived impact of nutrition care on the patient; (4) relationships between stakeholders; and (5) beliefs about nutrition expertise. Two themes were specific to patients; these were the desire for individualised care and the impact of nutrition care. Within each theme perceptions varied with patients' views often contrasting with those of dietetic service providers.ConclusionsExperiences of dietetic service do not always meet stakeholder expectations which impacts on patient engagement. Seeking stakeholder input is imperative to design dietetic services that engage patients in positive and supportive clinical partnerships.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves in a fetus: Case report
Authors: Gao Wen‐Juan , Li Xue‐Ning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrimary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves is a rare cardiac malformation. We discovered a case of fetal primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves during routine prenatal ultrasound examination. This is the first time such a case has been detected on prenatal ultrasound.
The Effect of Age of Onset of Bilingualism on Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language
Authors: Keating Gregory D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMontrul's (2008) onset age hypothesis predicts that, if attrition occurs in early bilingualism, it will be more severe in simultaneous than in sequential bilinguals. This study tested that prediction in an eye‐tracking experiment focused on the processing of Spanish gender agreement during sentence reading. Heritage Spanish speakers exposed to English at different ages (0–3, 4–6, 7–10 years) read sentences containing violations of noun–adjective gender agreement in 2 distance conditions (adjacent, nonadjacent). Mixed‐effects modeling with reverse Helmert contrasts showed that heritage speakers displayed sensitivity to gender agreement violations in their minority language regardless of onset age and noun–adjective proximity. However, onset age of majority language acquisition determined how early sensitivity manifested itself in the time course of grammatical processing. Consistent with Montrul's hypothesis, sequential bilinguals showed sensitivity to violations earlier in their eye‐movement record than did simultaneous bilinguals. The results suggest onset age can affect grammatical processing in bilinguals who otherwise acquire target like mental representations.
Environmental DNA and metagenomics of terrestrial mammals as keystone taxa of recent and past ecosystems
Authors: Seeber Peter A. , Epp Laura S. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Terrestrial mammals shape their ecosystems, and mammalian community assemblages can be important indicators of ecosystem functioning and ecosystem changes over time. Numerous taxa of terrestrial mammals are currently threatened by habitat loss and face displacement to new geographical areas or systems to which they are less suited and where they may affect the original communities.

Understanding past ecosystem changes is important for predicting future responses of species assemblages to changes in their environments. Thus, ecological and evolutionary history, as well as adaptive capacity, are important predictors of future population viability. Genomic and metagenomic approaches using environmental or ancient DNA offer a wealth of information regarding genome‐wide variation of changing communities or of taxonomic groups over time, which may help explain past changes and predict future responses of communities to changes in their environment; however, to date, such studies are relatively scarce.

We review studies on environmental DNA and environmental genomics of terrestrial mammals to assess the potential of such approaches regarding past, contemporary, and future terrestrial ecosystems, identify inherent challenges, and discuss potential applications. We elaborate on lessons to be learned from mammal genomics of past ecosystems and compare metabarcoding with general metagenetic and metagenomic techniques. We provide a comprehensive overview of current applications, challenges, and future potential of environmental DNA with regards to terrestrial mammals.

As current major challenges regarding mammalian eDNA we identify its scarcity and patchy distribution, along with the persistent necessity of genomic reference data. While the latter are steadily increasing, the former can only be tackled by explicitly mapping the environment to gain understanding of spatial eDNA distribution. Such understanding may facilitate informed choices of sample sites and substrates and, together with new sequencing techniques, this can allow mammalian eDNA to be maximally exploited as a source of biodiversity data.
Interspecies genome divergence is predominantly due to frequent small scale rearrangements in Eucalyptus
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Jones Ashley , Murray Kevin , Schwessinger Benjamin , Borevitz Justin O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSynteny, the ordering of sequences within homologous chromosomes, must be maintained within the genomes of sexually reproducing species for the sharing of alleles and production of viable, reproducing offspring. However, when the genomes of closely related species are compared, a loss of synteny is often observed. Unequal homologous recombination is the primary mechanism behind synteny loss, occurring more often in transposon rich regions, and resulting in the formation of chromosomal rearrangements. To examine patterns of synteny among three closely related, interbreeding, and wild Eucalyptus species, we assembled their genomes using long‐read DNA sequencing and de novo assembly. We identify syntenic and rearranged regions between these genomes and estimate that ~48% of our genomes remain syntenic while ~36% is rearranged. We observed that rearrangements highly fragment microsynteny. Our results suggest that synteny between these species is primarily lost through small‐scale rearrangements, not through sequence loss, gain, or sequence divergence. Further examination of identified rearrangements suggests that rearrangements may be altering the phenotypes of Eucalyptus species. Our study also underscores that the use of single reference genomes in genomic variation studies could lead to reference bias, especially given the scale at which we show potentially adaptive loci have highly diverged, deleted, duplicated and/or rearranged. This study provides an unbiased framework to look at potential speciation and adaptive loci among a rapidly radiating foundation species of woodland trees that are free from selective breeding seen in most crop species.
FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ATPase 1 is a novel regulator of perennial flowering in Arabis alpina
Authors: Viñegra de la Torre Natanael , Vayssières Alice , Obeng‐Hinneh Evelyn , Neumann Ulla , Zhou Yanhao , Lázaro Ana , Roggen Adrian , Sun Hequan , Stolze Sara C. , Nakagami Hirofumi , Schneeberger Korbinian , Timmers Ton , Albani Maria C. 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Arabis alpina is a polycarpic perennial, in which PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) regulates flowering and perennial traits in a vernalization‐dependent manner. Mutagenesis screens of the pep1 mutant established the role of other flowering time regulators in PEP1‐parallel pathways.

Here we characterized three allelic enhancers of pep1 (eop002, 085 and 091) which flower early. We mapped the causal mutations and complemented mutants with the identified gene. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and reporter lines, we determined the protein spatiotemporal expression patterns and localization within the cell. We also characterized its role in Arabidopsis thaliana using CRISPR and in A. alpina by introgressing mutant alleles into a wild‐type background.

These mutants carried lesions in an AAA+ ATPase of unknown function, FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ ATPase 1 (AaFRAT1). AaFRAT1 was detected in the vasculature of young leaf primordia and the rib zone of flowering shoot apical meristems. At the subcellular level, AaFRAT1 was localized at the interphase between the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Introgression lines carrying Aafrat1 alleles required less vernalization to flower and reduced number of vegetative axillary branches. By contrast, A. thaliana CRISPR lines showed weak flowering phenotypes.

AaFRAT1 contributes to flowering time regulation and the perennial growth habit of A. alpina.
Association between oral function and nutrition in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Momokita Moeko , Abe Atsushi , Shibata Kanae , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Inoue Hiroki , Achiwa Motonobu , Taniguchi Shinichi , Nakayama Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the oral assessment guide (OAG), a simple method for assessing oral function and poor nutrition in gastric cancer patients and investigate the reduction of oral mucositis through appropriate oral function management.Subjects and MethodsGastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy at the Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital between January 2015 and December 2020 were evaluated. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), as the objective variable, was used to assess nutritional status. The explanatory variables were sex, age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, cancer stage, albumin level, C‐reactive protein level, white blood cell count and the OAG score.ResultsPNI was significantly associated with age, number of remaining teeth, cancer stage and the OAG score (p < 0.05) among the 217 patients. There were significant differences in age, BMI, cancer stage and the OAG score among the patients. An abnormal BMI and an advanced cancer stage were more common in older patients, and abnormal OAG scores were associated with a lower PNI.ConclusionsFor gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy, worse oral functional status is associated with worse PNI and nutritional status.
Fine‐mapping of the major locus for vicine and convicine in faba bean (Vicia faba) and marker‐assisted breeding of a novel, low vicine and convicine winter faba bean population
Authors: Tacke Rebecca , Ecke Wolfgang , Höfer Michael , Sass Olaf , Link Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe versatility of faba bean Vicia faba grain as valuable protein feed is hampered by its relatively high level of the compounds vicine and convicine (VC), which are antinutritive factors in poultry and other non‐ruminants. The objective of this study was to fine‐map the major locus for VC and, based on this, to develop a novel low‐VC winter faba bean. Bi‐parental F2‐families and isogenic lines of three different genetic backgrounds were used for the linkage‐mapping and to collect transcriptomic data. Furthermore, based on synteny to Medicago truncatula and Cicer arietinum, a candidate gene for the VC locus was identified. Zooming into the vicinity of the major VC locus resulted in eight DNA‐markers suitable for breeding low VC winter faba beans. A novel, genetically low VC winter faba bean population was accordingly developed.
Biliary atresia—An experience from the first pediatric liver transplant center in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sabeen Abid , Ali Naurin , Dar Faisal Saud , Malik Munir Iqbal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of neonatal cholestatic syndrome. The true incidence of BA in Pakistan is largely unknown.AimThis study aimed to report the clinical features, age at diagnosis and outcomes of biliary atresia from the first pediatric liver transplant center in Pakistan.MethodsThe study was done in Shifa International hospital from 2013 to 2020. All babies who had biliary atresia confirmed by laboratory investigation were included. Demographic data, age of presentation, clinical presentation, supporting investigations like liver function tests, ultrasound abdomen, HIDA scan and liver biopsy were noted. Outcome related to Kasai portoenterostomy, liver transplant, complications and immunosuppressant agents were noted.ResultA total of 42 children were included, 23 (54.7%) males and 19 (45.2%) were females. Jaundice was seen in all patients (100%) followed by acholic stools (81%). Associated malformations were noted in 6 (14.2%) patients. Liver function tests confirmed obstructive cholestasis (p 0.04). Kasai was done in 19 (45%) patients only, living donor liver transplant was performed in 6 (14%) patients. Age range of transplant patients was from 3 months to 1 year. Indication for liver transplant was failed Kasai in 1(16.7%) patient and chronic liver disease in 5 (83.3%) patients. LDLT survivors were 10 months to 1 year of age at the time of transplant, mean age was 10.6 months. Maximum survival noted so far is 7 years. Acute complications seen post‐transplant were sepsis (three patients), surgical site infections (two patients), biliary leaks and acute cellular rejection in one patient each. Chronic graft rejection, portal vein stricture needing stenting was done in one patient.DiscussionAll patients underwent LDLT from related donors wih no donor related mortality. All are deceased patients were yonger and had advanced disease. BA remains third most commo indication of transplant in our center.ConclusionLiver transplant is the only lifesaving procedure after failed Kasai or as primary liver transplant due to advance liver disease. The advent of liver transplantation services offers survival and improving outlook of the disease.