bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geography in Couplets?
Authors: Hanigan Daniel R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Greek periplography appears to have been an almost exclusively prosaic phenomenon. The single exception to this is Zenothemis (4th/3rd cent. BC) whom John Tzetzes credits with the production of an elegiac distich (SH 855 = Tz. H. 7.765f.) apparently sourced from a Periplous. This brief note contributes to the discussion about the shape of Zenothemis’ Periplous by offering a series of stylistic observations about the single surviving fragment and considering the rationale for ascribing (or not) seven other testimonia (SH 856-862) to this poem.
The Mystery Cults and the Latin Historians
Authors: Levene David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Historians writing in Latin show only intermittent interest in mystery cults; but when they do, their approach falls broadly into three different patterns. At times the cults are described in their local context, and treated as alien to a greater or lesser degree, though recognizable and sometimes acceptable to Roman participants. Secondly, they are sometimes treated as more or less indistinguishable from the rest of the religious landscape at Rome—but in those cases all sense of foreignness disappears, and there is no mention of initiation or anything distinctive about the experience of those cults. Thirdly, those more distinctive aspects may be emphasized, but only when the cults are treated as something dangerous and hostile to Rome, and are assimilated to ideas of secrecy and conspiracy.
Fair Share: Equitable Distribution of Deep Sea Mining Proceeds
Authors: Willaert Klaas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the vital principles within the international regime governing the deep seabed is the status of the Area (comprising the seabed and subsoil beyond national jurisdiction) and its mineral resources as the common heritage of mankind. This abstract concept encompasses a wide array of interrelated components, though one of the most crucial premises is that activities in the Area must be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, entailing equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derived from deep sea mining operations. As a result, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) is tasked with developing a suitable payment and distribution mechanism, which takes the needs and interests of developing States into particular consideration. This article analyses the overarching rules and principles, assesses the available options and offers insightful thoughts on the way forward.
Tafsir Studies and the Conundrum of Normativity
Authors: Coppens Pieter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tafsir studies, due to its focus on reception history and tradition rather than on the origins of Islam, may be a locus of fruitful cooperation between the new field of Islamic theology and ‘regular’ Islamic studies that transcends the problematic dichotomy of insider/outsider perspectives. Redefining normativity as negotiating the future of Islam’s discursive tradition, arguably a shared concern of Islamic theologians and Islamicists, although their motivations differ, may be a way to further neutralise the conundrum of normativity in Islamic studies. I argue that ‘historically and sociologically informed normativity’ is the way forward for Islamic theology, and will make the field relevant beyond its own disciplinary boundaries.
About the Theory of Assimilation Processes: Construction of Slovak Minority Communities
Authors: Michalík Boris 
Published: February 2022

About the Theory of Assimilation Processes: Construction of Slovak Minority CommunitiesThis contribution focuses on the problems of ethnic identity and assimilation processes in minority background, and concentrates on the problems of Slovak minorities. The author presents the classification of assimilation factors, which he designed on the basis of theoretical aspects of ethnicity. These assimilation factors have a vast influence on members of a minority in minority communities. This approach is guided by the results of the author’s field research and review of relevant literature, especially in the areas of the Republic of Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Croatia. The paper contains new information that can contribute to the theory of assimilation processes. The research of these issues and the outlined factors of ethnic assimilation and their contexts certainly cannot be considered definitive. O teorii procesów asymilacyjnych: Kształtowanie się Słowackiej mniejszości narodowejArtykuł koncentruje się na problematyce tożsamości etnicznej i procesów asymilacyjnych zachodzących na gruncie wspólnot mniejszościowych, skupiając uwagę na mniejszości słowackiej. Autor przedstawia swoją klasyfikację czynników asymilacyjnych, opierającą się na teorii etniczności. Pokazuje, jak sprzyjające czynniki asymilacji oddziałują na członków wspólnot mniejszościowych. W swoim ujęciu zagadnienia uwzględnia wyniki przeprowadzonych przez siebie badań terenowych oraz literaturę przedmiotu, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do Słowacji, Węgier, Rumunii, Serbii i Chorwacji. Artykuł zawiera nowe dane, które mogą przyczynić się do poszerzenia teorii procesów asymilacyjnych. Badania autora oraz przedstawiony w artykule zarys czynników asymilacji etnicznej i ich kontekstów z całą pewnością nie mogą zostać uznane za definitywne.
Kto ty jesteś? – mniejszości narodowe i etniczne we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Jawor Anna 
Published: February 2022

Who are You? National and Ethnic Minorities in Contemporary PolandReview of: Stefan Dudra, Bernadetta Nitschke (eds.), Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w Polsce po II wojnie światowej [National and Ethnic Minorities in Poland after the Second World War], Kraków: Nomos 2010. Kto ty jesteś? – mniejszości narodowe i etniczne we współczesnej PolsceRecenzja: Stefan Dudra, Bernadetta Nitschke (red.), Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w Polsce po II wojnie światowej, Kraków: Nomos 2010.
Cuius regio, eius historia – macedońska historiografia i narracje tożsamościowe w latach 1944–2011
Authors: Majewski Piotr 
Published: February 2022

Cuius regio, eius historia – Macedonian Historiography and Identity Narratives, 1944–2011Macedonian historians – by calling upon certain past events perceived as traumatic and mobilizing deep-rooted stereotypes and prejudices against the neighboring countries – sought to manipulate public opinion. It seems that also today many representatives of the Macedonian elite still see the fight for position in the historical culture as a primary aim of their existence in the public sphere. They linked the current political and social situation to the so-called historical traditions and saw Macedonian national identity threatened by Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek, and Serbian nationalists. Past and current events are explained in such a way that they became part of mythological narrations.
The Problem of Divided Ethnonational Groups in Contemporary Russia and Poland
Authors: Barash Raisa 
Published: February 2022

The Problem of Divided Ethnonational Groups in Contemporary Russia and PolandBoth Russia and Poland – to varying degrees – tend to maintain ties with “compatriots” living abroad, but these two groups are distinct in their essence. Poles living outside Poland can be rather qualified as part/parts of a divided people, whereas Russian-backed compatriots form a divided nation, and moreover, form not a divided nation of the Russian Federation, but a post-Soviet one.The Government of the Russian Federation used to claim maintaining ties with “Russian compatriots” living abroad. The theme of the rights of Russians living abroad is among the most popular ones in Russian media. The groups of Russian-speaking people who live in the former Soviet republics have often been subjects or objects of conflict situations in the last 20 years because of their desire to live in accordance with their identity. But the essence of this group of so-called Russians, living in the post-Soviet space, is very complex. Russian-backed compatriots form not a divided people – in an ethnic sense – but a divided nation (a cultural or historical, non-ethnic group). And moreover, such groups form not a divided nation of Russian Federation, but a post-Soviet divided nation. Problem podzielonych grup etniczno-narodowych we współczesnej Rosji i PolsceZarówno Rosja jak i Polska dążą, choć w niejednakowym stopniu, do zachowania więzi z rodakami zamieszkałymi poza granicami kraju, jednakże te dwie zbiorowości de facto są zupełnie od siebie odmienne. Polaków żyjących za granicą można zaliczyć do tej części ludności polskiej, którą określamy mianem Polonii, podczas gdy zamieszkali poza krajem Rosjanie stanowią podzielony naród i, co więcej, tworzą nie tyle diasporę narodową Federacji Rosyjskiej, ile postsowiecką.Rząd Federacji Rosyjskiej utrzymuje, że zależy mu na zachowaniu więzi z Rosjanami mieszkającymi za granicą. Temat praw Rosjan z zagranicy jest jedną z najbardziej popularnych pośród podejmowanych przez rosyjskie media kwestii. Rosyjskojęzyczna ludność żyjąca w byłych republikach Związku Sowieckiego była często w minionych 20 latach przedmiotem i podmiotem sytuacji konfliktowych spowodowanych tym, że wykazywała wolę, aby żyć w zgodzie ze swą tożsamością. Jednak z samej swej istoty charakter tej grupy ludzi, w Rosji nazywanych Russkie, zamieszkujących w przestrzeni postsowieckiej, jest nad wyraz skomplikowany i złożony. Osoby mające rosyjskie korzenie tworzą „naród podzielony“ nie w sensie etnicznym, ale w znaczeniu nieetnicznej grupy kulturowej bądź historycznej stanowiącej narodową diasporę, którą należałoby uznać za postsowiecką.
Słowiańska jedność?
Authors: Gucka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Slavic Unity?Review of: Lilla Moroz-Grzelak, Bracia Słowianie: Wizje wspólnoty a rzeczywistość [Slavic Brothers: Visions of Community and Reality], Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk (SOW) 2011. Słowiańska jedność?Recenzja: Lilla Moroz-Grzelak, Bracia Słowianie: Wizje wspólnoty a rzeczywistość, Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk (SOW) 2011.
Spacesuit Center of Gravity Assessments for Partial Gravity EVA Simulation in an Underwater Environment
Authors: Vu Linh Q. , Shaw James H. , Kim K. Han , Benson Elizabeth , Rajulu Sudhakar L. 
Published: February 2022

Objective The objective is to analytically determine the expected CG and build hardware to measure and verify the suited subject’s CG for lunar extravehicular activity (EVA) training in an underwater environment. Background For lunar EVAs, it is necessary for astronauts to train with a spacesuit in a simulated partial gravity environment. NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) can provide these conditions by producing negative buoyancy for a submerged suited subject. However, it is critical that the center of gravity (CG) for the human-spacesuit system to be accurate for conditions expected during planetary EVAs. Methods An underwater force-transducer system and individualized human-spacesuit model was created to provide real-time measurement of CG, including recommendations for weight placement locations and quantity of weight needed on the spacesuit to achieve a realistic lunar spacesuit CG. This method was tested with four suited subjects. Results Across tested weighout configurations, it was observed that an aft and high CG location will have large postural differences when compared to low and fore CG locations, highlighting the importance of having a proper CG. The system had an accuracy of ±5lbs of the total lunar weight and within ± 15 cm for fore-aft and left-right CG directions of the model predictions. Conclusion The developed method offers analytical verification of the suited subject’s CG and improves simulation quality of lunar EVAs. Future suit design can also benefit by recommending hardware changes to create ideal CG locations that improve balance and mobility. Application The developed methodology can be used to verify a proper CG location in future planetary EVA simulations such as different reduced gravity training analogs (e.g. active cable offloading systems).
Standardized Spiritual Screening Increases Chaplain Referrals Through the EMR: A Nurse-Chaplain Collaboration for Holistic Acute Healthcare
Authors: Campbell Duane , Robison Jeanene (Gigi) , Godsey Judi Allyn 
Published: February 2022

The use of a concise standardized spiritual screening process to identify spiritual practices and needs of patients is essential for holistic nursing care. This interprofessional initiative resulted in the development of a spiritual screening tool that substantially increased Pastoral Services referrals to the patients who needed them and represents a significant opportunity in the delivery of holistic nursing care. Acute care settings may benefit from the adoption of a standardized chaplain referral process housed in the EMR and completed on the frontlines by trusted nursing staff providing patient and family centered care. This standardized spiritual screening process not only triggered essential services of Pastoral Services, but also helped identify and address important spiritual needs of hospitalized patients. The ability to design a tool responsive to the evolving, spiritual needs of patients can be challenging. Through collaboration with chaplains, nurses can be instrumental in creating instruments informed by available evidence in the empirical literature. Furthermore, engaging patients as a source of data during instrument design helps to ensure the content validity and practical usefulness of an instrument. Healthcare organizations might choose to implement and further evaluate/refine the new Spiritual Screening Tool and referral process developed as a result of this initiative.
Gallic acid ameliorates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injury in adult mice
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Azam , Mehrzadi Saeed , Siahpoosh Amir , Basir Zahra , Bahrami Nosrat , Goudarzi Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting compound inducing degeneration of testes. Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Purpose: This research evaluated effects of different doses of GA on DEHP-induced testicular injury in adult mice. Research Design: Male mice were randomly divided into five groups and treated with agents for two weeks; group (I) received normal saline and corn oil (5 mL/kg/day, p. o.), group (II) received DEHP (2 g/kg/day, dissolved in corn oil, p. o.), groups (III, IV, and V) received DEHP + GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p. o.). Body and testes weights, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were evaluated. The number of sperms and sperm motility and viability were analyzed in the cauda epididymis. Histological changes, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines levels were examined in testes. Results: Body and testes weights, the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and early spermatid, and late spermatid and sperm vitality, and progressive motility were significantly reduced in mice exposed to DEHP. Serum testosterone level decreased and serum LH and FSH levels increased in DEHP-exposed mice. These alterations were associated with the increased oxidative stress level and inflammatory responses in testicular tissue. Treatment with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated DEHP-induced alterations in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and reversed abnormality in sperm characteristic and number, tissue structure, and serum hormones levels. Conclusions: Results indicated that GA might be a promising agent against male gonadal toxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals including DEHP.
Evaluation of the drug utilization of biosimilar medicinal products containing monoclonal antibodies: A systematic review
Authors: Yordanov Emanuil , Parvova Iva , Hristov Emil , Petkova Valentina 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The objective is to study the availability and affordability of biosimilar medicinal products containing monoclonal antibodies, measure their drug utilization, and evaluate the rational drug use globally through analysis and systematic review of scientific articles published in the scientific literature. Materials and methods: The documentary analysis of scientific publications was carried out by specific keywords in MEDLINE database, Central Medical Library, and national peer-reviewed scientific journals in Bulgaria for the period from January 2008 to May 2020. 100 scientific publications have been found for a period of 12 years. Articles were selected according to PRISMA. Analyses include 17 articles that fully meet the preset criteria. Descriptive and variational analyses were carried out as basic statistical analyses. Mean values, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and 95% confidence intervals have been determined. Results and discussion: Studies on this topic in EU Member States are obviously of interest, but publication activity is not high—only 17 scientific publications over a 12-year period. All 17 studies reflect cost savings after switching from a reference biological medicinal product to a biosimilar medicinal product, and the reduction in budgetary costs as a weighted average is about 30% of the total budgetary costs of biological therapies for the first 5 years. All 17 studies have reported that the use of biosimilar medicinal products is rather low. Although the quality, safety, and efficacy of biosimilar medicinal products have been unequivocally established, their introduction to the market is still insufficient.
A Long-Term Evaluation of Facebook for Recruitment and Retention in the ENDIA Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy-Birth Cohort Study
Authors: McGorm Kelly J. , Brown James D. , Thomson Rebecca L. , Oakey Helena , Moore Belinda , Hendry Alexandra , Colman Peter G. , Craig Maria E. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Harris Mark , Harrison Leonard C. , Haynes Aveni , Soldatos Georgia , Vuillermin Peter , Wentworth John M. , Couper Jennifer J. , Penno Megan A. S. ,   The ENDIA Study Group
Published: February 2022

Background:The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study is an Australia-wide pregnancy-birth cohort study following children who have a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes (ACTRN1261300794707). A dedicated ENDIA Facebook page was established in 2013 with the aim of enhancing recruitment and supporting participant retention through dissemination of study information. To measure the impact of Facebook, we evaluated the sources of referral to the study, cohort demographics, and withdrawal rates. We also investigated whether engagement with Facebook content was associated with specific post themes.Methods:Characteristics of Facebook versus conventional recruits were compared using linear, logistic, and multinomial logistic regression models. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk of study withdrawal. Data pertaining to 794 Facebook posts over 7.5 years were included in the analysis.Results:Facebook was the third largest source of referral (300/1511; 19.9%). Facebook recruits were more frequently Australian-born ( P < .001) enrolling postnatally ( P = .01) and withdrew from the study at a significantly lower rate compared with conventional recruits (4.7% vs 12.3%; P < .001) after a median of follow-up of 3.3 years. Facebook content featuring stories and images of participants received the highest engagement even though <20% of the 2337 Facebook followers were enrolled in the study.Conclusions:Facebook was a valuable recruitment tool for ENDIA. Compared with conventional recruits, Facebook recruits were three times less likely to withdraw during long-term follow-up and had different sociodemographic characteristics. Facebook content featuring participants was the most engaging. These findings inform social media strategies for future cohort and type 1 diabetes studies.Trial Registration:Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN1261300794707.
Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study to Identify Clinical and Radiographic Features Associated With VZV Reactivation in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With CSF Testing
Authors: Bakradze Ekaterina , Esenwa Charles C. , Schmid D. Scott , Kirchoff-Torres Kathryn F. , Antoniello Daniel , Mabie Peter C. , Labovitz Daniel L. , Miao Congrong , Liberman Ava L. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose: A large proportion of ischemic stroke patients lack a definitive stroke etiology despite extensive diagnostic testing. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) can directly invade blood vessels causing vasculitis and may be associated with cryptogenic stroke (CS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of CS patients tested for VZV. The following were considered evidence of VZV reactivation (VZV+): positive CSF VZV PCR, anti-VZV IgM in CSF, or anti-VZV IgG CSF/serum ratio of 1:10 or higher. We describe the cohort, report VZV+ proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined with the Wald method, and compare patient groups using standard statistical tests. Results: A total of 72 CS patients met full study inclusion criteria. Most of the patients were <65 years old, had few traditional vascular risk factors, and had multifocal infarcts. Mean age was 49 years (SD ±13) and 47% were women. A total of 14 patients (19.4%; CI: 11.4-30.8%) had evidence of CNS VZV reactivation. There was no difference in evaluated demographic or radiographic features between those with versus without evidence of VZV reactivation. History of ischemic stroke in the past year (11/14 vs 25/43, P<.05) and hypertension (13/14 vs 35/58 and P<.05) were associated with VZV+. Conclusion: We found a high proportion of CNS VZV reactivation in a cross-sectional cohort of CS patients selected for CSF testing. Testing for VZV might be reasonable in CS patients who are young, have multifocal infarcts, or had an ischemic stroke within the past year, but additional research is needed.
Thickness of the Subcutaneous Fat as a Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infection Following Fragility Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Frenkel Rutenberg Tal , Markman Rotem , Rutenberg Ran , Daglan Efrat , Rubin Tomer , Shemesh Shai 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) following fragility hip fracture (FHF) surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Significance Prediction of patients at risk for SSI is fundamental. We aimed to determine whether subcutaneous radiographic fat measurement (SRM) is associated with increased SSI risk. Methods A retrospective case-control comparison of SRMs at 3 locations around the hip. Patients diagnosed with SSI in the first post-operative year were matched with age, gender, surgical year, Charlsons’ co-morbidity index score, and surgical type controls, not diagnosed with SSI, at a 1:2 ratio. Measurements included the distance between (1) the sourcil to skin surface (SS), (2) the tip of the greater trochanter to skin surface (TGTS), and (3) the most prominent lateral aspect of the greater trochanter to skin surface. Results 1430 patients were operated during the study period, of whom 45 patients presented with a diagnosis of SSI and compared to 90 controls. Infections occurred 27.4 ( ± 24.8) days following surgery. SRM significantly differed between groups, and all were higher in the study group; SS, 86.8 ± 25.5 cm vs 74.2 ± 15.3 cm; TGTS, 59.8 ± 26.3 cm vs 47.0 ± 15.8 cm; and LGTS, 45.4 ± 25.1 cm vs 33.2 ± 15.1 cm ( P = .003, .004, and .004, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficients (intra-rater) were high for all measurements (.999 for all). Intraclass correlation coefficients (inter-rater) for SS, TGTS and LGTS were high, .749 (.663.815), .792 (.719.847) and .817 (.751.866), respectively. Conclusions SRMs were found to be a valid and reproducible tool for predicting high risk of SSI in geriatric patients sustaining FHFs. Level of Evidence III.