bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current knowledge about the processes of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids
Authors: Bianchi Carolina Paula , Gallelli Maria F. , Herrera Juan Manuel , Benavente Micaela A. , Rossetto Liliana , Aba Marcelo Alfredo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCamelids have many unique reproductive features that considerably differ from those of other domestic species. Females are induced ovulators with subsequent development of a corpus luteum (CL) with a short lifespan. Plasma progesterone concentration starts to increase on day 4, peaks on day 8–9 and, in non‐pregnant animals, basal concentration is reached around day 10–11 post‐induction of ovulation. Luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) are firstly detected on day 7 or 8 (approximately on day 5–6 after ovulation), with maximal luteolytic peaks observed between days 9 and 11 post‐mating, in coincidence with a high endometrial expression of cyclooxygenase 2, a limiting enzyme in prostaglandins synthesis. Unlike other species, oxytocin seems not to be involved in the luteolytic process in these species. The CL is the main source of progesterone secretion, and its function is required to support pregnancy. Despite constant research efforts, aspects of reproduction and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids remain not fully understood. A transient decrease and subsequent recovery in plasma progesterone concentration are observed after day 9 post‐mating in pregnant animals in association with a pulsatile release of PGF2α and a transitory decrease in CL vascularization. Thus, embryo recognition should occur between days 8 and 12 post‐mating. In camels, conceptus tissues exhibit aromatizing activity with the capacity to synthesize large amounts of oestradiol. Similarly, llama blastocysts secrete oestradiol‐17β during the preimplantation stage, with a higher production during the elongation period. An increase in the endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor α is also observed on day 12 post‐mating. All these evidences suggest that oestrogen could be the signal released by the embryo at the time of its recognition in camelids. Besides, nearly 98% of pregnancies are carried out in the left horn. A decrease in the endometrial expression of mucin 1 and 16 genes has been reported, suggesting that these changes are crucial for successful embryo implantation; however, no differences have been observed between horns. Thus, maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids is a particularly complex process that must occur in a concise time to allow the rescue of the CL and embryo survival.
Optimising Precision and Power by Machine Learning in Randomised Trials with Ordinal and Time-to-Event Outcomes with an Application to COVID-19
Authors: Williams Nicholas , Rosenblum Michael , Díaz Iván 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rapid finding of effective therapeutics requires efficient use of available resources in clinical trials. Covariate adjustment can yield statistical estimates with improved precision, resulting in a reduction in the number of participants required to draw futility or efficacy conclusions. We focus on time-to-event and ordinal outcomes. When more than a few baseline covariates are available, a key question for covariate adjustment in randomised studies is how to fit a model relating the outcome and the baseline covariates to maximise precision. We present a novel theoretical result establishing conditions for asymptotic normality of a variety of covariate-adjusted estimators that rely on machine learning (e.g., ℓ1-regularisation, Random Forests, XGBoost, and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines [MARS]), under the assumption that outcome data are missing completely at random. We further present a consistent estimator of the asymptotic variance. Importantly, the conditions do not require the machine learning methods to converge to the true outcome distribution conditional on baseline variables, as long as they converge to some (possibly incorrect) limit. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned prediction methods in COVID-19 trials. Our simulation is based on resampling longitudinal data from over 1500 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 at Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital. We found that using ℓ1-regularisation led to estimators and corresponding hypothesis tests that control type 1 error and are more precise than an unadjusted estimator across all sample sizes tested. We also show that when covariates are not prognostic of the outcome, ℓ1-regularisation remains as precise as the unadjusted estimator, even at small sample sizes (n=100). We give an R package adjrct that performs model-robust covariate adjustment for ordinal and time-to-event outcomes.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an alternative to adrenalectomy for the treatment of pheochromocytomas in 8 dogs
Authors: Linder Teresa , Wakamatsu Cory , Jacovino Joseph , Hsieh Yu Hung , Mueller Maureen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this report is to describe the use and outcome of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treatment of pheochromocytomas in 8 dogs. Pheochromocytomas are an uncommon but challenging tumour to manage. Adrenalectomy is the standard of care for treatment of pheochromocytomas in both animals and humans; however, unpredictable catecholamine secretion from the tumour and vascular and local invasion of the tumour and thrombi can pose life‐threatening perioperative and anaesthetic risks. SBRT has been investigated as an alternative to adrenalectomy in human patients with pheochromocytomas. Eight dogs with clinical signs, an adrenal mass, and cytology and/or urine normetanephrine/creatinine ratios consistent with pheochromocytoma were treated with SBRT in lieu of adrenalectomy. Three dogs presented with acute hemoabdomen. Seven dogs had caval tumour invasion, 3 with extension into the right atrium. Following SBRT, all dogs had complete resolution of clinical signs and reduced urine normetanephrine/creatinine ratio and/or tumour size. No significant anaesthetic complications were encountered. Acute radiation toxicity was limited to grade I gastrointestinal signs in 3 dogs and resolved within 1–2 days of symptomatic therapy. Five of 8 dogs were alive at the time of follow up, with a median follow up time of 25.8 months. SBRT resulted in a favourable outcome and mitigated the life‐threatening risks of adrenalectomy in these 8 dogs. SBRT may be a safe and effective alternative to adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas in dogs with non‐resectable tumours, or for owners averse to the risks of surgery.
Serum acute‐phase protein concentrations following uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty in dogs
Authors: Carvajal Jose L. , Kim Stanley E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo establish preoperative and postoperative serum C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in dogs undergoing uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty (THA).Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs undergoing THA were recruited. Serum CRP and SAA levels were measured in all dogs the day prior to surgery, and 3 and 6 months following surgery. All dogs received a physical examination and underwent radiography at each visit, and dogs with complications were excluded from the study. For continuous numeric data, histograms were generated and evaluated for normality. A 1‐way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to find differences between time points.ResultsNo complications were encountered in any of the recruited dogs. Median age was 30 months (12‐66), and the median bodyweight was 27.3 kg (22.3‐40.2). Mean CRP concentrations in the preoperative, 3‐month, and 6‐month periods were 3.8 mg/L ± 4.4, 0.8 mg/L ± 1.9, and 1.4 mg/L ± 1.4, respectively. The mean SAA concentrations in the preoperative, 3‐month, and 6‐month periods were 13.9 mg/L ± 8.8, 14.1 mg/L ± 12.6, and 18.4 mg/L ± 15.1, respectively. There were no differences for each parameter between time points.ConclusionC‐reactive protein and SAA levels were consistent with levels previously established for noninflammatory and normal conditions in dogs.Clinical significancePostoperative CRP and SAA concentrations were low by 3 months following uncomplicated THA.
Aerobic glycolysis is important for zebrafish larval wound closure and tail regeneration
Authors: Scott Claire A. , Carney Tom J. , Amaya Enrique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms of appendage regeneration remain largely unknown and uncovering these mechanisms in capable organisms has far‐reaching implications for potential treatments in humans. Recent studies implicate a requirement for metabolic reprogramming reminiscent of the Warburg effect during successful appendage and organ regeneration. As changes are thus predicted to be highly dynamic, methods permitting direct, real‐time visualisation of metabolites at the tissue and organismal level would offer a significant advance in defining the influence of metabolism on regeneration and healing. We sought to examine whether glycolytic activity was altered during larval fin regeneration, utilising the genetically encoded biosensor, Laconic, enabling the spatiotemporal assessment of lactate levels in living zebrafish. We present evidence for a rapid increase in lactate levels within min following injury, with a role of aerobic glycolysis in actomyosin contraction and wound closure. We also find a second wave of lactate production, associated with overall larval tail regeneration. Chemical inhibition of glycolysis attenuates both the contraction of the wound and regrowth of tissue following tail amputation, suggesting aerobic glycolysis is necessary at two distinct stages of regeneration.
Solution-Based Mesh Adaption Criteria Development for Accelerating Flame Tracking Simulations
Authors: Shrivastava Sourabh , Verma Ishan , Yadav Rakesh , Nakod Pravin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Solution-based mesh adaption approaches have been widely studied and tested by different research groups to generate the required finer meshes in the critical regions on the fly while keeping the overall mesh count to a manageable level. However, these approaches are typically applicable for a set of problems, and therefore, there is a need for a generic approach suitable for a broader range of problems. This work explores various parameters and specific weightage factors to predict correct flame-tracking outcomes for different types of flames. The selections of flow quantities (flow variables, their gradients, curvatures) are performed using simple flames and flow configurations. The functions based on selected flow-quantities derived from these studies are then tested to predict the results for the more complex set of published flames like the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) spray flame and Knowledge for Ignition, Acoustics, and Instabilities (KIAI) five-burner configuration (liquid and gas fuel). Derived adaption criteria are found to predict the correct flame tracking behavior in terms of transient evolution of flame front, flame propagation, and ignition timing of burners. The parameters used for the study are identified keeping genericity as the key point, and thus making sure that the derived adaption functions can be applied across different types of fuel blends, combustion systems (gaseous or liquid fuel-based systems) and combustion models, for example, species transport or mixture fraction-based models.
Subcutaneous Drug Delivery: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Modeling and Experimental Techniques
Authors: Sharma Paramveer , Gajula Kishore , Dingari Naga Neehar , Gupta Rakesh , Gopal Sharath , Rai Beena , Iacocca Ronald G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDelivery of drug formulations through the subcutaneous route is a widely used modality for the treatment of several diseases, such as diabetes and auto-immune conditions. Subcutaneous injections are typically used to inject low-viscosity drugs in small doses. However, for new biologics, there is a need to deliver drugs of higher viscosity in large volumes. The response of subcutaneous tissue to such high-volume doses and higher viscosity injections is not well understood. Animal models have several drawbacks such as relevance to humans, lack of predictive power beyond the immediate population studied, cost, and ethical considerations. Therefore, a computational framework that can predict the tissue response to subcutaneous injections would be a valuable tool in the design and development of new devices. To model subcutaneous drug delivery accurately, one needs to consider: (a) the deformation and damage mechanics of skin layers due to needle penetration and (b) the coupled fluid flow and deformation of the hypodermis tissue due to drug delivery. The deformation of the skin is described by the anisotropic, hyper-elastic, and viscoelastic constitutive laws. The damage mechanics is modeled by using appropriate damage criteria and damage evolution laws in the modeling framework. The deformation of the subcutaneous space due to fluid flow is described by the poro-hyperelastic theory. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodologies used to model each of the above-mentioned aspects of subcutaneous drug delivery. We also present an overview of the experimental techniques used to obtain various model parameters.
Metamodel-Interpreted Data Mining for Stability and Efficiency Enhancement of Multistage Axial-Flow Compressors
Authors: Zhang Xiawen , Ju Yaping , Li Zhen , Liu Feng , Zhang Chuhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tradeoff between higher efficiency and wider stability of performance map is still one of the bottlenecks to hamper the further research and development of advanced multistage axial-flow compressor. The recent rapid growth of computational resources and artificial intelligence has enabled data mining as one of the most effective and potential ways to gain a deep insight into the complex correlations between aerodynamic performance and three-dimensional geometry parameters. In the open literatures, however, few research works have been found on using the data mining that is independent of design optimization to extract priori design guidelines for multistage axial-flow compressor mainly due to the lack of proper data mining method focused on the interpretation of metamodel with full use of limited time-consuming computational fluid dynamics dataset. To tackle this issue, a metamodel-interpreted data mining framework is developed in which extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) metamodel combined with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) model are employed to locally interpret the feature importance of each sample in the computational fluid dynamics dataset and then extract the design guidelines in terms of the most influential geometry parameters and their beneficial variation directions. The developed method is applied to data mining of design guidelines for efficiency and stability enhancement of a front 3.5-stage transonic axial-flow compressor in ship-board gas turbine usage. The results show that the aerodynamic performance of the investigated multistage compressor is most sensitive to three-dimensional geometry parameters related to blade lean, blade twist, and variable stators. Specially, the variable stators mainly affect the stall margin at part speed. The blade lean mainly influences the adiabatic efficiency at design speed as well as the stall margin at both speeds, while the blade twist mainly influences the aerodynamic performance at design speed. New designs followed by the design guidelines are obtained and critical performance indicators related to the goals of the data mining task are verified. The stall margin at part speed is widened to 5.87% with adjustment of blade lean and twist and further to 23.31% with additional adjustment of variable stators. The peak adiabatic efficiency at design speed is improved by 0.06% in spite of extremely limited potential for efficiency enhancement of the original design. The present work is of scientific significance as well as industrial application value in the three-dimensional design optimization of advanced multistage axial-flow compressor at the affordable computational cost.
Modeling and Simulation of Whole Air Supply System for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Dynamic Operating Conditions
Authors: Vu Hoang Nghia , Yu Sangseok 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, the air supply system provides desired air characteristics for the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting stack performance. This study analyzes the system by modeling and simulation responses under dynamic operating conditions. The model includes a compressor, a cooler, and an external humidifier in a series. Different air mass flow rates that represent demand changes were simulated in the compressor model, including extreme conditions under compressor surge. Then, the air temperature was reduced in the cooler by exchanging heat to coolant flow before reaching the humidifier. Lastly, the humidification model presents heat and mass transfer between wet air from the cathode exhaust to the supply air through a bundle of membranes. Simulation results were observed in MATLAB/Simulink, which predicted the changes in supply air characteristics and effects of load changes to the system. Higher load requires more flow rate and higher compressor speed, leading to lower water content in the cathode air. Due to low flow rate and high pressure, a compressor surge could cause an unstable cathode air supply.
Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer Enhancement in V-Spirally Corrugated Tube
Authors: Chen Xin-ji , Wang Feng-lei , Yang Chen , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The utilization of V-spirally corrugated tubes has attracted the attention of many researchers recently. As typical enhancement techniques of heat transfer, they combined the merits of roughness, turbulators and enhanced surface. This paper mainly studies the influence of depth ratio (DR = 0.039–0.199), pitch ratio (PR = 2.37–4.77), and various numbers of starts (N = 4,6) on the flow and heat transfer behavior of V-spirally corrugated tubes in the turbulent flow region (10000 ⩽ Re ⩽ 40000). It employs numerical simulation techniques to obtain the heat transfer performance and resistance characteristics. A comparison is made between enhanced tubes and smooth tube considering evaluation parameters, including Nusselt number ratio and fraction factor. On the basis of investigated results, an analysis is made to distinguish the merits and disadvantages of the new-design enhanced tubes on the flow and heat transfer behavior. The computational results reveal that they enhance heat transfer to varying degrees, and the fluid fields differ. Both the six-start V-spirally corrugated tube and four-start V-spirally corrugated tube have larger Nusselt number than smooth tube under the same working condition and the six-start is better. The Nusselt number increases as Reynolds number increases or pitch decreases. Besides, the six-start V-spirally corrugated tube with depth ratio = 0.118 has the largest Nusselt number, which is larger than smooth tube by around 31.3%.
Numerical Simulation of Multiple Bubble Interaction During Flow Boiling in Microchannels
Authors: Rahman Dewan , Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A numerical study has been performed to analyze the wall heat transfer mechanisms during growth of multiple vapor bubbles inside a microchannel. The microchannel is of 200 μm square cross section and multiple vapor bubble begins to grow at once and after delay on the walls, with liquid coming in through the channel inlet. The complete Navier-Stokes equations along with continuity and energy equations are solved using the SIMPLER method. The liquid vapor interface is captured using the level set technique. It can be seen that the second bubble which is far from the inlet always got bigger than the first one. When the second bubble nucleates 0.0549 ms after the first one, both bubbles grow almost to the same size. The numerical results show that bubbles with the lowest contact angle resulted in the highest wall heat transfer. Finally, a comparative study was done between single bubble and two bubbles inside a microchannel. wall heat transfer is better when two bubbles do not merge together compared to the single bubble and when they do merge.
The Sleep Parameters of Paralympic Athletes: Characteristics and Assessment Instruments
Authors: Grade Isadora , Andrade Henrique , Guerreiro Renato , Stieler Eduardo , da Silva Flavia R. , da Silva Hesojy G.V. , Vital Roberto , Resende Renan A. , Gonçalves Dawit A.P. , Andrade André G. , de Mello Marco T. , Silva Andressa 
Published: September 2022

Context: Sleep serves many important functions for athletes, particularly in the processes of learning, memory, recovery, and cognition. Objectives: Define the sleep parameters of Paralympic athletes and identify the instruments used to assess and monitor sleep Paralympic athletes. Evidence Acquisition: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines. The survey was conducted in April 2020, the searches were carried out again in September 2021 to check whether there were new scientific publications in the area of sleep and Paralympic sport, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (BIREME), and SciELO. This systematic review has included studies that investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the participants were comprised of athletes with disabilities. Studies published at any time in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. Evidence Synthesis: Data extraction and study selection were performed by 2 researchers independently, and a third author was consulted as necessary. The search returned a total of 407 studies. Following the screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were considered. Paralympic athletes have a low amount (7.06 h) of sleep with poor quality and sleep latency (28.05 min), and 57.2% have daytime sleepiness, with the majority belonging to the indifferent chronotype (53, 5%). Moreover, 11 studies assess sleep using subjective instruments (questionnaires), and 2 studies used an objective instrument (actigraphy). Conclusions: Sleep disorders are common among Paralympic athletes, poor sleep quality and quantity, and high rates of daytime sleepiness. Subjective methods are most commonly used to assess sleep.