bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Generation Synthesis of Modified Dinucleotide Analogues Featuring a Difluorophosphin(othio)yl Linkage
Authors: Roignant Matthieu , Zhang Jun , Brioche Julien , Piettre Serge R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA second generation route to protected modified dinucleotides encompassing a difluorophosphinothioyl unit in replacement of the phosphoryl diester is described. It relies on (i) the preparation of 6’‐iodonucleosides, (ii) their coupling with a furanosyl 3’‐difluoromethyl H‐phosphinothioate, and (iii) the introduction of the second nucleobase. Thus, a short and high yielding preparation of 6’‐iodonucleosides from commercially available materials is reported, and their coupling reaction with a furanosyl 3’‐difluoromethyl H‐phosphinothioate satisfactorily delivered the desired protected bisfuranosyl derivatives featuring both a difluorophosphinothioyl unit and a nucleobase unambiguously installed on the anomeric position of the bottom furanose. Introduction of the second nucleobase generated the desired heterodinucleotides in low yields. Careful analysis of the materials indicates that the classical Vorbrüggen conditions may induce the trans‐N‐glycosylation process to take place, resulting in the competitive replacement of a nucleobase with another one, thereby generating mixtures of homo‐ and heterodinucleotides.
Voice and communication after open partial horizontal laryngectomies: A cross‐sectional outcome study
Authors: Fantini Marco , Crosetti Erika , Pizzorni Nicole , Sprio Andrea Elio , Bertolin Andy , Rizzotto Giuseppe , Schindler Antonio , Succo Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluates voice and communication after open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs), according to surgery and patient‐related variables.MethodsFifty‐eight patients were included: 18 type I OPHL, 20 type II OPHL and 20 type III OPHL. Acoustic, aerodynamic, endoscopic, perceptual and self‐assessment analyses were carried out. Surgery‐related variables and patient‐related variables were considered for the analysis.ResultsType I OPHL revealed the best phonatory outcomes. Type II and type III OPHL showed similar and poor results, with a highly deteriorated voice quality. A significant difference in MTP was found for patients who had both arytenoids/cricoarytenoid units preserved. Age and time from surgery showed significant correlations with voice quality after OPHLs.ConclusionsVoice and communication outcomes after OPHLs are heterogeneous and might be influenced by several factors. Knowing variables with a substantial impact on phonatory outcomes may help clinicians in the preoperative decision‐making process and the postoperative rehabilitative program.
Playing by the rules: Do the post‐crisis regulations influence banks' funding model in the EU?
Authors: Penczar Marta , Nowak Sabina , Liszewska Monika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the article, we assess the impact of the regulatory framework on banks' funding models in the European Union in the period 2011–2018. We put particular emphasis on the capital requirements captured by two different types of regulatory measures: individual and sectoral. Moreover, we include a country‐level regulatory variable to assess if the overall lawmaking conditions impact banks' funding models. Our estimates indicate that after the Global Financial Crisis, all regulatory measures had a significant impact on the deposits to total assets ratio, which we assume to be the best proxy for banks' funding models. Having divided the sample of the EU banks into four subsamples according to their specialization (i.e. commercial, cooperative, savings, and investment banks), we identified significant differences in strength and direction of regulatory variables' impact on banks' funding model within selected subsamples. In particular, due to the specific nature of investment banks, prudential regulations contribute to a change in the funding model towards safer deposit funding. Moreover, our results indicate that in the case of the non‐euro area banking sector, the regulatory environment measured by the regulatory quality index has an adverse impact on the Deposits to total assets ratio in comparison with both the entire sample as well as the euro area banking sector.
An efficient lymphocytic leukemia detection based on EfficientNets and ensemble voting classifier
Authors: Baby Diana , Juliet Sujitha , Anishin Raj M. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly detection of leukemia increases the chances of a speedier recovery. If a patient exhibits any symptoms, doctors would often examine a blood sample slide under a microscope to detect hematological malignancies. Manually categorizing leukocytes as normal or abnormal requires examining the many characteristics of the cells, which is time‐consuming and error‐prone. This research aims to create a transfer learning‐based Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) detection system that is both efficient and easy. To overcome the critical challenges associated with feature extraction, we used EfficientNet, the most recent and most substantial deep learning model. In this article, eight EfficientNets variations are used to extract features and are compared based on classification accuracy. This work uses an ensemble of three sophisticated classifiers, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Logistic Regression, which achieves a classification accuracy of 98.5%.
Automated segmentation of diabetic macular edema in OCT B‐scan images based on RCU‐Net
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Yaxin , Xiao Zhitao , Zhang Fang , Geng Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetic macular edema (DME) is a typical fundus disease that can cause blindness in severe cases. The morphology of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer in the retina and the macular edema (ME) area are important features for the diagnosis of DME. Doctors usually use non‐invasive and high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine the fundus of the patient. However, manual diagnosis has low efficiency and strong subjectivity. Realizing the automatic segmentation of the ILM‐RPE layer and ME is extremely important for the early diagnosis of DME. In this paper, the attention mechanism based on residual convolution module U‐Net (RCU‐Net) is proposed for the automatic segmentation of the retinal layer and cystoid edema lesions. Through the fusion of the residual structure and CBAM for feature extraction, the useful features in the channel and space are effectively strengthened, and the network can better learn different levels of information. The proposed network is combined with the Lovász‐softmax loss, which can better target the correlation between targets to obtain the optimal segmentation model during training. Finally, this paper compares the proposed method with several other segmentation methods. The experimental results show that the of the method in this model reaches 88.595%, and the reaches 99.171%. The RCU‐Net proposed in this paper is used to segment the ILM‐RPE layer and ME region in the retina OCT B‐scan images, and its overall performance is better than other networks.
An examination of the moderating role of growth mindset in the relation between social stress and externalizing behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Walker Kelsey A. , Jiang Xu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionExperiencing elevated stress increases the risk of further difficulties in mental health, including externalizing behaviors in adolescents. There is a need for understanding the factors that help adolescents mitigate social stress to prevent problematic externalizing behaviors. Growth mindset has been found to be a promising protective factor in adolescent development including mental health. This study aimed to examine the potential buffering role of growth mindset of thoughts‐emotion‐and‐behaviors in the context of two types of social stress (i.e., family and peer) to reduce externalizing behaviors among adolescents.MethodsThe sample is composed of 399 adolescents (age range 14–18 years, M = 16.22, SD = 1.21; 56.4% female, 42.3% male, 1.3% gender‐nonconforming or variant) from a large, urban, diverse high school in the United States. Adolescent self‐reports were administered at one time.ResultsModeration analyses revealed that growth mindset of thoughts, emotion, and behaviors moderate the association between family stress and externalizing behaviors. The magnitude of this association weakened as the level of growth mindset increased, supporting the buffering effect of the moderator. Neither the moderation effect of growth mindset nor the main effects of peer stress and growth mindset were significant in predicting externalizing behaviors.ConclusionTaken together, the findings suggested that growth mindset has protective effects in reducing externalizing behaviors when adolescents experience family stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.
Antiproliferative activity of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole: Integrated cell‐based assay and computational studies with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper ions
Authors: Rahimifard Mahban , Jalalimanesh Nafiseh , Movahed Mahsa A. , Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza , Pourahmad Jaktaji Razieh , Bagheri Zeinab , Pourahmad Jalal , Zarghi Afshin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnesium, iron, and copper are three vital metals that play essential roles in cancer cell proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the metal chelation of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole and investigate their antiproliferative properties. The density functional theory method has been employed to evaluate the complexation properties of new synthetic pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives possessing the 4‐OMe, 2,4‐dimethyl, and 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substitution on N‐2 phenyl ring with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper. The free energies for the water‐ligand exchange reactions were employed to investigate the thermodynamic stability, water exchange properties, and electronic properties in the gas phase. Natural population analysis was employed to estimate atomic partial charges, second‐order interactions between the filled and vacant orbitals, and the occupancies of the metals' valence s, p, and d orbitals. Among pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives, the 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substituted pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole shows better electron donor ability. This compound also reduced proliferation and increased the apoptosis of human glioblastoma cancer cells.
How regulatory focus–mode fit impacts variety‐seeking
Authors: Pham Thuy , Mathmann Frank , Jin Hyun Seung , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVariety‐seeking research has examined antecedents in terms of contextual factors and individual differences. However, it does not consider the interaction of individual difference factors such as regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) and regulatory mode (locomotion vs. assessment) to predict variety‐seeking. Drawing on regulatory fit theory, this study introduces a new kind of regulatory fit based on the interaction between regulatory focus and mode (i.e., regulatory focus–mode fit), thereby extending previous work examining fit based on either regulatory focus or regulatory mode in isolation. Results from five studies, including field data from 10,547 music app consumers (text analysis), two preregistered studies, and two online experiments, show that regulatory focus–mode fit (vs. non‐fit) decreases variety‐seeking. Engagement and attitude certainty serially mediate regulatory focus–mode fit effects. Findings provide implications for consumer segmentation and message framing.
Fine needle and core needle ultrasound guided biopsies for assessing suspected melanoma metastasis in lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Salim David N. , Obinah Magnus P. B. , Ternov Niels K. , McCullagh Mark J. D. , Larsen Mathilde S. , Hendel Helle W. , Hölmich Lisbet R. , Chakera Annette H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in different clinical scenarios for melanoma patients with lesions suspected of metastasis.MethodsWe included all patients at our department attending follow‐up after surgery for cutaneous melanoma, who had undergone either FNAC or CNB between December 2016 and June 2019. Biopsy results were classified into one of four categories and verified with follow‐up including imaging, re‐biopsy or histology upon excision. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and CNB were calculated overall, and based on location of suspected metastasis, reason for suspicion and stage.ResultsWe identified 232 biopsies in 164 patients; 109 FNACs and 123 CNBs. For FNAC, overall sensitivity was 83.3% and negative predictive value was 88.4%. For CNB, overall sensitivity was 92.4% and negative predictive value was 88.0%. There were significantly fewer nondiagnostic results using CNB compared to FNAC (χ12 = 6.7, p = 0.0095).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences between the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and CNB in the different clinical scenarios. We found significantly fewer nondiagnostic biopsies when using CNB, although this may reflect the type of lesions selected for each approach.
Liver metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma at initial presentation
Authors: Kawae Yuta , Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Yokota Isao , Iwasaki Koji , Hishimura Ryosuke , Suzuki Yuki , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNoncontrast computed tomography of the chest is the standard imaging modality for cancer staging in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), but appropriate candidates for liver screening have not been clarified.MethodsWe reviewed all patients with STS diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Incidence of liver metastasis at initial presentation and high incidence of liver metastasis by histological subtype were investigated. In addition, risk factors for liver metastasis were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter excluding patients without information about liver metastasis, cause of death or primary liver tumor, 47 260 patients were included in this study. Of those, 1471 patients (3.2%) showed liver metastasis at initial presentation. The histological subtype showing the highest incidence of liver metastasis was desmoplastic small round cell tumor (30.3%), followed by malignant hemangioendothelioma (11.5%) and angiomyoliposarcoma (10.5%). Deep‐rooted tumor, location in the body wall, retroperitoneum, or thorax/peritoneum, high histological grade, and higher T stage were associated with higher incidences of liver metastasis at initial presentation.ConclusionRisk factors for liver metastasis were deep location, trunk development, larger tumor size, high histological grade, and specific histological subtypes.
Early Neurocognitive Function With Propofol or Desflurane Anesthesia After Laser Laryngeal Surgery With Low Inspired Oxygen
Authors: Qiao Hui , Chen Jing , Huang Yanzhe , Pan Yiting , Lu Weisha , Huang Youyi , Li Wenxian , Shen Xia 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe effects of general anesthetics on cognitive impairment are unclear and complicated. Laser laryngeal surgery (LLS) requires the administration of low levels of oxygen, which may increase the risk of desaturation and brain function impairment. This prospective randomized trial aimed to compare the effects of desflurane and propofol‐based general anesthesia on the occurrence of early postoperative cognitive decline in elderly patients undergoing LLS.MethodsSeventy‐three patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II and at least 65 years of age were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane‐based (Group D) or propofol‐based (Group P) anesthesia during LLS. The standard anesthesia protocol was performed, with a bispectral index between 40 and 60 and a mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline values. Intraoperative regional oxygen saturation values were recorded. Each patient was assessed using the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) test during the preoperative period (baseline), 30 min after extubation in the postanesthesia care unit, and 1, 3, and 24 h after surgery.ResultsMMSE scores improved slightly in both groups compared to baseline during the early postoperative period, but these increases were not statistically significant. No significant differences were identified in MMSE scores between groups. Only three patients (9.6%) in group D and one patient (3.1%) in group P developed cognitive impairment (p = 0.583).ConclusionLow intraoperative inspired oxygen concentration during short‐duration LLS did not reduce early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients. Desflurane or propofol‐based anesthesia had similar effects on early neurocognition after LLS.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:640–646, 2023
Intensive care unit versus floor admission following lower extremity free flap surgery: Is there a difference in outcomes?
Authors: Deldar Romina , Abu El Hawa Areeg A. , Gupta Nisha , Truong Brian N. , Bovill John D. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFree tissue transfer (FTT) lower limb salvage requires costly multidisciplinary care. Traditionally, patients who undergo FTT reconstruction for lower extremity (LE) wounds were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the immediate postoperative period for close monitoring. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, our practice shifted toward admitting FTT patients to the floor postoperatively instead of the ICU. The purpose of this study is to compare surgical outcomes in patients admitted to the floor versus ICU immediately following LE free flap reconstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing LE FTT reconstruction from 2011 to 2021. Flap monitoring consisted of an implantable Cook‐Swartz Doppler probe for muscle flaps and ViOptix tissue oximetry for fasciocutaneous flaps; clinical exam and hand‐held dopplers were not the primary flap monitoring techniques. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they went to the ICU or floor postoperatively. To ensure proper comparability between cohorts, we corrected for age, BMI and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using 1:2 propensity score matching (floor: ICU). Primary outcomes included early postoperative complications, flap takeback and salvage, flap success, and postoperative length of stay (LOS).ResultsA total of 252 patients were identified. Forty‐five patients (17.9%) were admitted to the floor postoperatively and 207 patients (82.1%) to the ICU. Overall, microsurgical success rate was 97.2%, which was similar for floor and ICU patients. Flap takeback and salvage were similar between cohorts. Average postoperative LOS was significantly shorter in floor patients (15.7 vs. 19.1 days, p = 0.043).ConclusionOur findings suggest that postoperative floor admission does not decrease flap success rates and should be considered in patients who undergo FTT to LE reconstruction and are otherwise stable. In the ongoing era of health care cost containment, microsurgery centers should consider appropriate floor training to allow medically stable free flap patients to avoid an ICU stay.
On the convergence and superconvergence for a class of two‐dimensional time fractional reaction‐subdiffusion equations
Authors: Wei Yabing , Zhao Yanmin , Chen Hu , Wang Fenling , Lü Shujuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes a class of two‐dimensional (2‐D) time fractional reaction‐subdiffusion equations with variable coefficients. The high‐order L2‐1σ time‐stepping scheme on graded meshes is presented to deal with the weak singularity at the initial time t = 0, and the bilinear finite element method (FEM) on anisotropic meshes is used for spatial discretization. Using the modified discrete fractional Grönwall inequality, and combining the interpolation operator and the projection operator, the L2‐norm error estimation and H1‐norm superclose results are rigorously proved. The superconvergence result in the H1‐norm is derived by applying the interpolation postprocessing technique. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the validation of our theoretical analysis.
Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses peritoneal angiogenesis by targeting a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α‐dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Yingfeng , Li Jinqing , Chen Hui , Hu Yan , Tang Lunxian , Wang Yi , Zang Xiujuan , Ma Xiaoyan , Huang Guansen , Zhou Xun , Tao Min , Lv Zexin , Chen Si , Qiu Andong , Zhuang Shougang , Liu Na 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), has been reported to be involved in angiogenesis in some tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which EZH2 regulates peritoneal angiogenesis remain unclear. We detected the expression of EZH2 in clinical samples and the peritoneal tissue of a mouse peritoneal fibrosis model induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). In addition, we further investigated the mechanisms by which inhibition of EZH2 by 3‐deazaneplanocin A (3‐DZNeP) alleviated the CG‐induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model in vivo and 3‐DZNeP or EZH2 siRNA treatment in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of EZH2 in the peritoneum of long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the CG‐induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model was remarkably increased and this was positively associated with higher expression of vascular markers (CD31, CD34, VEGF, p‐VEGFR2). Peritoneal injection of 3‐DZNeP attenuated angiogenesis in the peritoneum of CG‐injured mice; improved peritoneal membrane function; and decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, and activation of Wnt1/β‐catenin. In in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that inhibition of EZH2 by 3‐DZNeP or EZH2 siRNA decreased tube formation and the migratory ability of HUVECs via two pathways: the Wnt1/β‐catenin pathway and the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway. Suppression of the Wnt1/β‐catenin pathway and the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway subsequently reduced VEGF production in HPMCs. Using specific inhibitors of VEGFR2, ERK1/2, and HIF‐1α, we found that a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α axis existed and contributed to angiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and HIF‐1α in HUVECs could be suppressed by inhibition of EZH2. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that EZH2 may be a novel target for preventing peritoneal angiogenesis in PD patients. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.