bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION IN ACHIEVING THE GOALS OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Dmytruk Olena 
Published: November 2022

The article addresses the possibility of adapting educational institutions to the rapidly growing demands of various stakeholders through the proper alignment of communication processes in the educational management system. First and foremost, we are concerned with the expectations of the learners in an environment where distance learning becomes an equally effective form of education using information and communication technologies, and the learning process is carried out with participants who are at a distance with each other.
The research interest is focused on an important part of learning that is one of the communication elements, namely "feedback", which is an impact aimed at improving the organization of the system drawing on the performance analysis. At this stage of communication there is an exchange of information and communication roles between the teacher and the student, allowing to achieve the highest degree of mutual understanding (cooperation). It is "feedback" that urges to overcome the so-called random and non-random "noise interference", ensures the ability to decode feedback, and most importantly, that under its influence meaningful changes occur. The effectiveness of "feedback" depends on how detailed, specific, immediate it is because it takes into account the information capabilities of its subjects. Consequently, the teacher as a manager of the educational process, must have the technologies and techniques for the optimal managing of educational and cognitive activities, as well as the necessary professional competencies to implement this stage. The learner should not be perceived as an object of managerial influence, but rather as its actor. All of that taken together will contribute to the updating of educational and methodological packages and enhance the learning activity, transforming it from traditional to interactive process. From this perspective, the main goal of educational management will be achieved, namely the formation of an independent and self-sufficient personality, its creative mindset, spiritual and moral values, competitiveness, marketing preparedness.
Evaluating opportunities for evangelisation in the historical development of the Catholic Diocese of Kakamega since 1978
Authors: Lusambili Kizito Muchanga , Okoth Pontian Godfrey 
Published: November 2022

This paper evaluates the evangelisation opportunities in the historical development of the Catholic Diocese of Kakamega since 1978. The study adopted a historical research design. The study's target population was one million catholic faithful in the Catholic Diocese of Kakamega. A sample size of 384 catholic Christians was further deduced using the Krejcie and Morgan Table. Data collection tools used included questionnaires, interviews schedule, focus group discussions, observations, secondary sources, archival records, and internet materials. The respondents consent to be quoted in this work was given. Data obtained was qualitatively analyzed. The study unravelled the following opportunities: Education, health, human resource, rich documentation in the Catholic Church, stable hierarchy, rich scripture and long history, among others. These opportunities are important because they help the church to advance in her efforts of evangelisation. That is why this study employed the challenge and response theory as propounded by Arnold Toynbee. The area under study is a multi-ethnic with rich cultural diversity, the dances and music, that when blended well can enrich evangelisation and the liturgy.
Potential socio-economic challenges facing small-scale sugarcane production in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Khaemba Protas Fwamba , Muiruri Philomena W. 
Published: November 2022

The sugar industry is an important agricultural sector in Kenya. In 1995, the industry had employed over 35,000 workers and supported over 2 million people in the region. The sector contributes about 16% to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product. Despite of its immense contribution, its output is on decline, standing at 65 tonnes from 100 tonnes per hectare. This paper investigated socio-economic factors affecting sugarcane production in Bungoma County. The study is based on the Production Theory and Correlation Design. The targeted population was 5,838 small scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County. The coefficient of determination indicated 67.5% variance in sugarcane output relating to the socio-economic factors of the study variables. The F value was 161.406 indicating that the regression model was fitting well. The mean variance of inflation factor (VIF) was 2.349. The study revealed that education level, farm size, land ownership, farming experience, incentives, record keeping systems, extension education, cane by-products and non-contracted cane farming had significant positive effect on cane output. Input cost was found to be a major contributor of declining cane output. The study recommends that poor cane pricing, lack of extension education and inadequate financing in the sugar sector be addressed.
Viral Load and Asymptomatic Virus Status of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants towards Influencing the Transmission
Authors: Bafail Duaa , Bafail Abrar 
Published: November 2022

The Covid-19 virus (CoV) has worsened due to its transmissibility worldwide. Several millions of people have been infected since 2019 when it was first detected. Unpredictable impact and disruption created by the pandemic influence global financial or economic crisis. This motivated governments to encourage more vaccination to manage the spread and counter the pandemic, thereby breaking the chain. However, despite the level of vaccination against CoV, that has not been found to prevent an individual from being infected.
In addition, many transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs at the pre-symptomatic infection stage, which thus makes it difficult to contain. The impact of the vaccination and booster immunizations on viral load and transmissibility. There is a positive relationship where vaccination influences the transmission rate.
This study aims to identify how critical the viral loads and asymptomatic virus status of the SARS-CoV-s influence the transmission of Omicron and how the quantitative SARS-CoV-s viral load assay corresponds to the clinical outcome while managing Covid-19 infected patients.
Attitudes About Extremely Preterm Birth Among Obstetric and Neonatal Health Care Professionals in England
Authors: Gallagher Katie , Shaw Chloe , Parisaei Maryam , Marlow Neil , Aladangady Narendra 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceVariation in attitudes between health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing extremely preterm birth (&amp;lt;24 wk gestational age) may lead to parental confusion and professional misalignment.ObjectiveTo explore the attitudes of health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing preterm birth on the treatment of extremely preterm infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study used Q methods to explore the attitudes of neonatal nurses, neonatologists, midwives, and obstetricians involved in the care of extremely preterm infants in 4 UK National Health Service perinatal centers between February 10, 2020, and April 30, 2021. Each participating center had a tertiary level neonatal unit and maternity center. Individuals volunteered participation through choosing to complete the study following a presentation by researchers at each center. A link to the online Q study was emailed to all potential participants by local principal investigators. Participants ranked 53 statements about the treatment of extremely preterm infants in an online quasi-normal distribution grid from strongly agree (6) to strongly disagree (−6).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDistinguishing factors per professional group (representing different attitudes) identified through by-person factor analysis of Q sort-data were the primary outcome. Areas of shared agreement (consensus) between professional groups were also explored. Q sorts achieving a factor loading of greater than 0.46 (P &amp;lt; .01) on a given factor were included.ResultsIn total, 155 health care professionals volunteered participation (128 [82.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 41.6 [10.2] years, mean [SD] experience, 14.1 [9.6] years). Four distinguishing factors were identified between neonatal nurses, 3 for midwives, 5 for neonatologists, and 4 for obstetricians. Analysis of factors within and between professional groups highlighted significant variation in attitudes of professionals toward parental engagement in decision-making, the perceived importance of potential disability in decision-making, and the use of medical technology. Areas of consensus highlighted that most professionals disagreed with statements suggesting disability equates to reduced quality of life. The statement suggesting the parents’ decision was considered the most important when considering neonatal resuscitation was placed in the neutral (middistribution) position by all professionals.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest that parental counseling at extremely low gestations is a complex scenario further complicated by the differences in attitudes within and between professional disciplines toward treatment approaches. The development of multidisciplinary training encompassing all professional groups may facilitate a more consistent and individualized approach toward parental engagement in decision-making.
Skin‐like Omnidirectional Stretchable Platform with Negative Poisson's Ratio for Wearable Strain–Pressure Simultaneous Sensor
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Lee Yung , Ahn Junseong , Kim Seonggi , Kang Kyungnam , Lim Hyuneui , Bae Byeong‐Soo , Park Inkyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional elastomeric polymers used as substrates for wearable platforms have large positive Poisson's ratios (≈0.5) that cause a deformation mismatch with human skin that is multidirectionally elongated under bending of joints. This causes practical problems in elastomer‐based wearable devices, such as delamination and detachment, leading to poorly reliable functionality. To overcome this issue, auxetic‐structured mechanical reinforcement with glass fibers is applied to the elastomeric film, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), which is a skin‐like stretchable substrate (SLSS). Several parameters for determining the materials and geometrical dimensions of the auxetic‐structured reinforcing fillers are considered to maximize the NPR. Based on numerical simulation and digital image correlation analysis, the deformation tendencies and strain distribution of the SLSS are investigated and compared with those of the pristine elastomeric substrate. Owing to the strain‐localization characteristics, an independent strain‐pressure sensing system is fabricated using SLSS with a Ag‐based elastomeric ink and a carbon nanotube‐based force‐sensitive resistor. Finally, it is demonstrated that the SLSS‐based sensor platform can be applied as a wearable device to monitor the physical burden on the wrist in real time.
Steering Local Electronic Configuration of Fe–N–C‐Based Coupling Catalysts via Ligand Engineering for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Judan , Huang Bingyu , Cao Rui , Li Longbin , Tang Xiannong , Wu Bing , Wu Yonggan , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFe–N–C materials are prospective candidates to displace platinum‐group‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, but their application is still impeded by the conundrums of unsatisfactory activity and stability. Herein, a feasible strategy of ligand engineering of the metal‐organic framework is proposed to steer the local electronic configuration of Fe–N–C‐based coupling catalysts by incorporating engineered sulfur functionalities. The obtained catalysts with rich Fe‐N4 sites and FeS nanoparticles are embedded on N/S‐doped carbon (denoted as FeS/FeNSC). In this unique structure, the engineered FeS nanoparticles and oxidized sulfur synergistically induce electron redistribution and modulate electronic configuration of Fe‐N4 sites, contributing to substantially accelerated kinetics and improved activity. Consequently, the optimized FeS/FeNSC catalyst displays outstanding ORR performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V, better four electron pathway selectivity, lower H2O2 yield, and superior long‐term stability. As a proof‐of‐concept, zinc‐air batteries based on FeS/FeNSC deliver high capacity of 807.54 mA h g−1, a remarkable peak power density of 256.06 mW cm−2, and outstanding cycling stability over 600 h at 20 mA cm−2. This study delivers an efficacious approach to manipulate the electronic configuration of Fe–N–C catalysts toward elevated catalytic activity and stability for various energy conversion/storage devices.
Molecular‐level Designed Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium–Metal Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Hong , Liang Yuhao , Li Dabing , Zhao Xiaoxue , Chen Jiaxin , Huang Weiwei , Gao Lei , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based Li–metal batteries, the inhomogeneous migration of dual‐ion in the cell results in large concentration polarization and reduces interfacial stability during cycling. A special molecular‐level designed polymer electrolyte (MDPE) is proposed by embedding a special functional group (4‐vinylbenzotrifluoride) in the polycarbonate base. In MDPE, the polymer matrix obtained by copolymerization of vinylidene carbonate and 4‐vinylbenzotrifluoride is coupled with the anion of lithium‐salt by hydrogen bonding and the “σ‐hole” effect of the CF bond. This intermolecular interaction limits the migration of the anion and increases the ionic transfer number of MDPE (tLi+ = 0.76). The mechanisms of the enhanced tLi+ of MDPE are profoundly understood by conducting first‐principles density functional theory calculation. Furthermore, MDPE has an electrochemical stability window (4.9 V) and excellent electrochemical stability with Li–metal due to the CO group and trifluoromethylbenzene (ph‐CF3) of the polymer matrix. Benefited from these merits, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2‐based solid‐state cells with the MDPE as both the electrolyte host and electrode binder exhibit good rate and cycling performance. This study demonstrates that polymer electrolytes designed at the molecular level can provide a broader platform for the high‐performance design needs of lithium batteries.
Mitigation of Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Processed over Micrometer‐Sized‐Textured Si Substrates
Authors: Farag Ahmed , Fassl Paul , Hu Hang , Feeney Thomas , Quintilla Aina , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Hempel Wolfram , Bagrowski Dominik , Noack Philipp , Wattenberg Bianca , Dippell Torsten , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe recent development of solution‐processed perovskite thin films over micrometer‐sized textured silicon bottom solar cells enables tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiencies > 30%. Next to improved light harvesting, textured silicon wafers are the industrial standard. To achieve high performance, the open‐circuit voltage losses that occur when fabricating perovskite solar cells over such textures need to be mitigated. This study provides a practical guideline to discriminate and address the voltage losses at the interfaces as well as in the bulk of solution‐processed double cation perovskite thin films using photoluminescence quantum yield measurements. Furthermore, the origin of these losses is investigated via morphological, microstructural, and compositional analysis and present possible mitigation strategies. The guideline will be beneficial for scientists working on randomly textured surfaces and provides a deeper understanding on this timely research topic.
Proximity Electronic Effect of Ni/Co Diatomic Sites for Synergistic Promotion of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Min , Zhu Houyu , Yuan Qing , Li Tuya , Wang Minmin , Zhang Peng , Zhao Yilin , Qin Donglin , Guo Wenyue , Liu Bin , Yang Xuan , Liu Yunqi , Pan Yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe modulation effect manifests an encouraging potential to enhance the performance of single‐atom catalysts; however, the in‐depth study about this effect for the isolated diatomic sites (DASs) remains a great challenge. Herein, a proximity electronic effect (PEE) of Ni/Co DASs is proposed that is anchored in N‐doped carbon (N‐C) substrate (NiCo DASs/N‐C) for synergistic promoting electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the PEE of adjacent Ni anchored by four nitrogen (Ni‐N4) moiety, NiCo DASs/N‐C catalyst exhibits superior ORR and HER activity. In situ characterization results suggest Co anchored by four nitrogen (Co‐N4) as main active site for O2 adsorption‐activation process, which promotes the formation of key *OOH and the desorption of *OH intermediate to accelerate the multielectron reaction kinetics. Theoretical calculation reveals the adjacent Ni‐N4 site as a modulator can effectively adjust the electronic localization of proximity Co‐N4 site, promoting the *OH desorption and *H adsorption on Co‐N4 site, thereby boosting ORR and HER process significantly. This study opens a new opportunity for rationally regulating the electronic localization of catalytic active centers by proximity single‐atom moiety, as well as provides guidance for designing high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for promising applications.
A Phase‐Change Mediated Intelligent Nanoplatform for Chemo/Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Li Hui , Li Ruihao , Qiang Sufeng , Chen Mengyao , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUp to now, chemotherapy is still the main strategy for cancer treatment. However, the emergence of chemo‐resistance and systemic side effects often seriously affects the treatment and prognosis. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform based on dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMON) is constructed. The encapsulated phase‐change material, 1‐tetradecanol (TD) can serve as a “doorkeeper” and enable the responsive release of drugs based on the temperature changes. Meanwhile, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to improve the dispersibility and biocompatibility. Cisplatin is chosen as the model of chemotherapy drug, which is co‐loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) in DMON to produce DMON‐PEG‐cisplatin/ICG‐TD (DPCIT). Exciting, the hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species induced by ICG under the NIR‐laser irradiation will initiate a phase transition of TD to release cisplatin, thus leading a combined therapy (chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy). The results indicated that under laser irradiation, DPCIT can kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth efficiently. In addition, the designed nanoplatform reveals minimal systemic toxicity in vivo, in contrast, the distinct liver damage can be observed by the direct treatment of cisplatin. Overall, this research may provide a general approach for the targeted delivery and controlled release of chemotherapy drugs to realize a cooperatively enhanced multimodal tumor therapy.
A Materials Acceleration Platform for Organic Laser Discovery
Authors: Wu Tony C , Aguilar‐Granda Andrés , Hotta Kazuhiro , Yazdani Sahar Alasvand , Pollice Robert , Vestfrid Jenya , Hao Han , Lavigne Cyrille , Seifrid Martin , Angello Nicholas , Bencheikh Fatima , Hein Jason E. , Burke Martin , Adachi Chihaya , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional materials discovery is a laborious and time‐consuming process that can take decades from initial conception of the material to commercialization. Recent developments in materials acceleration platforms promise to accelerate materials discovery using automation of experiments coupled with machine learning. However, most of the automation efforts in chemistry focus on synthesis and compound identification, with integrated target property characterization receiving less attention. In this work, an automated platform is introduced for the discovery of molecules as gain mediums for organic semiconductor lasers, a problem that has been challenging for conventional approaches. This platform encompasses automated lego‐like synthesis, product identification, and optical characterization that can be executed in a fully integrated end‐to‐end fashion. Using this workflow to screen organic laser candidates, discovered eight potential candidates for organic lasers is discovered. The lasing threshold of four molecules in thin‐film devices and find two molecules with state‐of‐the‐art performance is tested. These promising results show the potential of automated synthesis and screening for accelerated materials development.
Thermally Driven Point Defect Transformation in Antimony Selenosulfide Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Che Bo , Cai Zhiyuan , Xiao Peng , Li Gang , Huang Yuqian , Tang Rongfeng , Zhu Changfei , Yang Shangfeng , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThermal treatment of inorganic thin films is a general and necessary step to facilitate crystallization and, in particular, to regulate the formation of point defects. Understanding the dependence of the defect formation mechanism on the annealing process is a critical challenge in terms of designing material synthesis approaches for obtaining desired optoelectronic properties. Herein, a mechanistic understanding of the evolution of defects in emerging Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell films is presented. A top‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar‐cell film is adopted in this study to consolidate this investigation. This study reveals that, under hydrothermal conditions, the as‐deposited Sb2(S,Se)3 film generates defects with a high formation energy, demonstrating kinetically favorable defect formation characteristics. Annealing at elevated temperatures leads to a two‐step defect transformation process: 1) formation of sulfur and selenium vacancy defects, followed by 2) migration of antimony ions to fill the vacancy defects. This process finally results in the generation of cation–anion antisite defects, which exhibit low formation energy, suggesting a thermodynamically favorable defect formation feature. This study establishes a new strategy for the fundamental investigation of the evolution of deep‐level defects in metal chalcogenide films and provides guidance for designing material synthesis strategies in terms of defect control.
High‐Entropy Alloy Aerogels: A New Platform for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Li Hanjun , Huang Honggang , Chen Yao , Lai Feili , Fu Hui , Zhang Longsheng , Zhang Nan , Bai Shuxing , Liu Tianxi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloy aerogels (HEAAs) combined with the advantages of high‐entropy alloys and aerogels are prospective new platforms in catalytic reactions. However, due to the differences in reduction potentials and miscibility behavior of different metals, the realization of HEAAs with a single phase is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of HEAAs is fabricated via the freeze–thaw method as highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Especially, the PdCuAuAgBiIn HEAAs can achieve Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C1 products almost 100% from −0.7 to −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE), and a maximum FE for formic acid (FEHCOOH) of 98.1% at −1.1 VRHE, outperforming PdCuAuAgBiIn high‐entropy alloy particles (HEAPs) and Pd metallic aerogels (MAs). Specifically, the current density and FEHCOOH are almost 200 mA cm−2 and 87% in a flow cell. The impressive CO2RR performance of the PdCuAuAgBiIn HEAAs is attributed to the strong interactions between the different metals and the surface unsaturated sites, which can regulate the electronic structures of different metals and allow the optimal HCOO* intermediate adsorption and desorption onto the catalysts surface to enhance HCOOH production. The work not only provides a facile synthetic strategy to fabricate HEAAs, but also opens the avenue for development of efficient catalysts and beyond.