bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Abnormal Head Posture
Authors: Akbari Mohamad Reza , Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Kangari Haleh , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Ranjbar Pazouki Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To provide a comprehensive review on different characteristics of abnormal head postures (AHPs) due to different ocular causes, its measurement, and its effect on facial appearance.

Methods:
In this review article, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for the scientific articles and books published between 1975 and September 2020 based on the keywords of this article. The selected articles were collected, summarized, classified, evaluated, and finally concluded.

Results:
AHP can be caused by various ocular or nonocular diseases. The prevalence of ocular causes of AHP was reported to be 18%–25%. 1.1% of patients presenting to ophthalmology clinics has AHP. The first step in evaluating a patient with AHP is a correct differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular sources by performing comprehensive eye examinations and ruling out other causes of orthopedic and neurological AHP. Ocular AHP occurs for a variety of reasons, the most important of which include nystagmus, superior oblique palsy, and Duane's retraction syndrome. AHP may be an essential clinical sign for an underlying disease, which can only be appropriately treated by the accurate determination of the cause. Long-standing AHP may lead to facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a proper differential diagnosis between nonocular and ocular causes, knowledge of the different forms of AHP and their measurement methods, accurate diagnosis of the cause, and proper and timely treatment of ocular AHP can prevent facial asymmetry and secondary muscular and skeletal changes in the patients.
Postoperative Blepharoptosis after Trabeculectomy Versus Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation
Authors: Nilforushan Naveed , Es'haghi Acieh , Jafari Samira , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Miraftabi Arezoo , Chaibakhsh Samira , Kashkouli Mohsen Bahmani 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the frequency of persistent postoperative ptosis (PP) following trabeculectomy or Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation and to analyze the associated factors.

Methods:
It is a prospective observational study on glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy or AGV implantation from October 2015 to June 2017 in a tertiary center. Margin reflex distance 1 and 2 (MRD1 and 2) and levator function were measured before and at least 6 months, postoperatively. Clinically significant ptosis was defined as ≥2 mm drop of MRD1.

Results:
One hundred and fourteen patients (124 eyelids) including 76 patients (87 eyelids) with trabeculectomy and 35 patients (37 eyelids) with AGV implantation were included. The mean age was 55.50 (standard deviation = 17.54) years. Most of the surgeries were performed under general anesthesia (87.9%, 109/124) between 30 and 60 min (53.2%, 66/124) by residents (39.5%, 49/124). Trabeculectomy and AGV groups did not differ in terms of pre, intra, and postoperative variables (0.1≤ P ≤0.9) except duration of surgery (P = 0.01) and sex (P = 0.04). Clinically significant persistent PP was observed in 12.9% (16/124) in total, 13.7% (12/87) in the trabeculectomy group, and 10.8% (4/37) in the AGV group (P = 0.6). Male gender (ß coefficient = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.76–0.36, P = 0.02) and a higher preoperative MRD1 (ß coefficient = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.52–1.95, P = 0.001) were the only factors affecting the frequency of clinically significant PP.

Conclusions:
Postoperative blepharoptosis occurred in 12.9% of eyes after glaucoma procedures. Male gender and higher preoperative MRD1 were significantly associated with a higher frequency of postglaucoma surgery blepharoptosis.
Quantitative Analysis of Microvascular Network with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Its Correlation with Visual Acuity in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Ouederni Meriem , Khalifa Mohamed Ben , Sassi Hela , Nefaa Fehmy , Ayed Oumaima , Cheour Monia 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the macular microvascular network and the correlations between visual acuity and quantitative parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods:
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study including patients with unilateral RVO. We performed 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm macular OCTA angiograms for assessment of quantitative parameters in both superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP). Area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vascular density (VD), skeleton density (SD), fractal dimension (FD), vessel diameter index (VDI), and lacunarity (LAC) were analyzed.

Results:
Seventy eyes of 35 patients were enrolled. As compared to fellow eyes, OCTA analysis in eyes with RVO showed larger FAZ, lower VD, lower SD, lower FD, higher VDI, and increased LAC in both plexuses (All P < 0.05). The enlargement of FAZ in the SCP was associated with visual loss (P = 0.025, r = 0.378). In the DCP, visual acuity was negatively correlated with parafoveal VD, SD, and FD (P = 0.004, r = −0.472; P = 0.003, r = −0.482 and P = 0.036, r = −0.308, respectively). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that lower SD and lower FD in the DCP remained correlated with poorer visual acuity (P = 0.04, r = −0.261 and P = 0.032, r = −0.264, respectively).

Conclusions:
OCTA provides quantitative parameters to analyze retinal microvasculature in eyes with RVO. These OCTA biomarkers could be used to predict the impact of macular ischemia and capillary dropout on visual acuity in RVO.
Thyroid Dysfunction as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Wet Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Farvardin Mohsen , Mousavi Seyed Esmaeil , Zare Kamran , Bazdar Somaye , Farvardin Zahra , Johari Mohammadkarim 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To investigate possible links between thyroid dysfunction and prevalence of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
The present case–control study enrolled a total number of 90 patients with wet AMD and 90 sex-, and age-matched controls through a convenient sequential sampling method. Thyroid hormones were profiled in serum assay. Statistical measures were done to compare means between groups.

Results:
Our findings showed a significant difference in free T4 levels between wet AMD and control groups (P = 0.002), but the mean values of total T3 and Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were similar between the two groups. In addition, there were no differences in serum lipid profile between groups. Although no significant difference in the history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia between wet AMD and control groups was found, the history of smoking was higher in controls (P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
Thyroid hormone abnormalities may be associated with wet AMD.
Initial Power of Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses in Patients with Keratoconus
Authors: Birjandi Fereshteh , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Yekta Abbasali , Mahjoob Monireh 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To simplify the fitting process, this study was designed to predict the initial power of contact lenses using the regression model based on manual Javal keratometry data and refractive errors.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 121 eyes of 69 patients with keratoconus (KCN) were fitted with a specific trial set of rigid gas permeable contact lenses based on the standard criterion of “three-point touch” over a 7-year period. Power of the cornea was measured using Javal keratometer. Refractive errors and over refraction of patients were diagnosed using Topcon autorefractometer (RM-A2000) and confirmed by Heine beta 2000 retinoscope.

Results:
The results of multiple linear regression showed the following equation: power of contact lens = −14.368 (constant of the final multiple regression model), +0.475 (spherical refraction), and +0.275 (flatter corneal power).

Conclusions:
The results of this study revealed that lens power has a significant relationship with the power of the flat corneal meridian and spherical refractive error in KCN patients. The obtained regression model can be used to shorten patients' chair time and optometric examination for predicting the power of contact lens.
Epiretinal Membrane Peeling as the Treatment for Macular Edema Associated with Isolated Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma
Authors: Cuadros Sanchez Carlos , de Luis Eguileor Beatriz , Sacristán Egüén Cristina , Arce Soto Ana , Martínez Alday Nerea 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of macular edema and an epiretinal membrane in an isolated astrocytic hamartoma treated surgically.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman whose first symptoms were blurred vision and metamorphopsia. Optical coherence tomography revealed macular edema together with an epiretinal membrane secondary to an isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma. We performed a pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peeling. Both visual and structural outcomes were satisfactory. Complete resolution of symptoms was obtained, and visual acuity was preserved after a 7-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Although rare, epiretinal membrane may be present in isolated retinal astrocytic hamartomas, PPV and epiretinal membrane peeling may be a good treatment option in glial tumors with macular edema associated with an epiretinal membrane.
Monocanalicular Intubation in Children with Incomplete Complex Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Older Than Five Years of Age
Authors: Eshraghi Bahram , Jamshidian Tehrani Mansooreh , Tayebi Fereshteh , Momenaei Bita 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of monocanalicular intubation (MCI) in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children older than 5 years of age.

Methods:
A retrospective case series study was done on children over 5 years of age diagnosed with CNLDO who underwent MCI. Success rates were evaluated subjectively by asking their parents about persistent symptoms and objectively using the dye disappearance test in clinical examination.

Results:
A total of 43 eyes of 37 patients with a mean age of 7.42 ± 2.33 (range, 5–15 years of age) were included. The success rate was 60.46%, and the rate of secondary surgical intervention was 25% of all cases (61.11% of failed cases).

Conclusion:
Primary MCI maintains a reasonable success rate in incomplete complicated CNLDO regardless of age.
The Influence of Topical Cyclopentolate Instillation on Peripapillary and Macular Microvasculature Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Elbeyli Ahmet , Kurtul Bengi Ece 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the influence of topical cyclopentolate 1%, as an anti-muscarinic mydriatic agent, on the peripapillary and macular microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in healthy adults.

Methods:
A total of 41 healthy adults without any systemic or ocular disease were enrolled for this prospective consecutive study. All patients underwent OCT-A measurements (OptoVue Inc., Freemont, CA, USA) to assess optic disc status for radial peripapillary capillary network (whole image, inside disc, and peripapillary capillary densities), and superficial and deep capillary plexus whole, foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal densities, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) densities. Foveal retinal thicknesses and all quadrant retinal fiber layer thicknesses were also assessed. The 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm peripapillary and 6 mm × 6 mm macular OCT-A images were undertaken before and 30 min after instillation of topical cyclopentolate 1% to the right eyes.

Results:
The mean age of subjects was 38.14 ± 14.10 years. All macular, optic disc, and FAZ densities, foveal retinal thicknesses, average, and all quadrant retinal fiber layer thicknesses were statistically similar between baseline and after administration of topical cyclopentolate 1% (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The current study demonstrated that pupillary dilation with topical cyclopentolate 1% seems to have no statistical effect on macular and peripapillary OCT-A measurements of healthy adults.
Estrategias didácticas y comprensión lectora en educación básica
Authors: Torres Nora Mercedes Torres , Atoche César Balladares , Vera Ana Maricela Jácome , Barco Betty Salavarria 
Published: January 2022

La presente tesis denominada: Estrategias didácticas y la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de una Unidad Educativa Fiscal de la Provincia del Guayas “., tuvo como objetivo el determinar la relación que existe entre las estrategias didácticas y la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes, fue de tipo no experimental, asumió el diseño correlacional causal, de enfoque cuantitativo, tomó en cuenta una población de 270 estudiantes y 159 en la muestra, aplicó la técnica de la encuesta y empleó como instrumentos dos cuestionarios, investigación que obtuvo como resultados que el 88,1% de los estudiantes se ubicaron en el nivel medio para la comprensión lectora y otros 19 estudiantes que representan el 11,9% lograron un nivel bajo en comprensión lectora, llegando a la conclusión que las estrategias didácticas se relacionan con la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes, debido a que el 76,1% de los estudiantes que trabajaba con estrategias didácticas, mejoran su comprensión lectora, pues el 88,1% de los estudiantes lograron un nivel medio, relación que se comprueba con el valor de Rho de Spearman obtenido de 0,790 que indicó una correlación positiva alta, con un Sig. (bilateral) de 0,000, valor significativo en función de alfa de 0,01 bilateral.
STATUS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE COLD CHAIN SYSTEM IN KENYA: THE CASE OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN LAMU AND MOMBASA COUNTIES
Authors: Kabibi Sofia Tumaini , Okeyo Benards , Timamy M. H. Khalil 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study examined the status, challenges and opportunities of the fishing sub-sector in Mombasa and Lamu counties in Kenya. The study examined the various opportunities cold chain have in development of the fisheries sector. The study zeroed on factors like the economic, administrative, financial, technological and cultural attributes that influence the efficiency of the cold chain.
Methodology: Literature reviewed showed that shortage of reliable and adequate cold chain facilities in sub-Saharan Africa is one of the main causes of losses of perishable products however there’s little documentation of the study on the status, challenges and opportunities of cold chain technologies in the fishing sector in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study focusses on 2 counties in Coastal Kenya i.e. Mombasa and Lamu Counties. The justification for selecting the 2 sites was that Lamu fisheries industry is extensive and highly developed, Lamu receives the highest number of fish harvest. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires and personal interviews. The personal interviews took 5 days in Mombasa and 5 days in Lamu. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; SPSS version 20.
Results: The main result of the study was showed that cold chain is widely used and required in the advancement of fishing in all the study sites. The study also revealed that Lamu County is more dependent on cold chain for fishing to earn profit for the sector as it final market is Mombasa a distance of over 200km away. The needs of the type, capacity and partnership is different from one Beach Management Unit to the other. This is primarily due to factor such fish catch, governance dynamics, access and affordability of cold chain technology and distance to the market.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study indicated that there has been deliberate effort by the two tier government – National and County to invest in Cold chain however this has been faced with myriad challenges where this installed equipment are either not operating efficiently or have stalled. The study indicated and showed that there needs to be systematic approach when selecting and managing cold chain equipment in the fishing sector.
Using self -suture branching artificial vesssels in aortic arch surgery at Hanoi Heart Hospital
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thai , Thien Le Quang , Hien Nguyen Sinh , Ha Nguyen Hoang 
Published: January 2022

Background: For aortic arch surgery, the improvement of anastomosis technique, and the improvement of using self-suture branching artificial vessels have shortened the time and reduced the cost of surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the improved results of using self-suture branched artificial vessels in aortic arch surgery.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of the use of self-suture branching artificial vessels in aortic arch surgery at Hanoi Heart Hospital from October 2018 to May 2021.
Results: There were 33 cases of aortic arch replacement using self-suture branching artificial vessels. The rate of postoperative bleeding was 6.06%. The rate of artificial vessel infection is 0%.
Conclusion: Using self-suture branching artificial vessels in aortic arch surgery is a safe and effective technique.
Relationship of NT-ProBNP and pacemaker parameters in patients with sick sinus syndrome?
Authors: Hung Pham Nhu , Viet Truong Quang 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: NT-ProBNP could influence the pacemaker parameters in patients with sick sisnus syndrome?
Methods and Results: 93 patients with sick sinus syndrome were implanted 2 chambers pacemaker with mean aged 61,19±14,95 years old and 37,6% of male. The pacemaker parameters of ventricular lead include: Pacing thresholds were measured 0.75 ± 0.17 V, sensing amplitudes were measured 9,93 ± 4.01 mV, and lead impedances were measured 710,06 ± 130,86 ᾨ. The pacemaker parameters of atrial lead include: Pacing thresholds were measured 1,06 ± 0,29 V, sensing amplitudes were measured 2,58 ± 1,23 mV, and lead impedances were measured 509,13 ± 69,22 ᾨ. There is not significantly relationships of NT-ProBNP and pacemaker parameters of ventricular lead, atrial lead impedance, atrial lead sensing amplitudes (p>0,05). However, there is significantly relationship of NT-ProBNP and atrial lead pacing threshold (r=0,34; p=0,003).
Conclusion: There is significantly relationship of NT proBNP and atrial lead pacing threshold in patients with sick sinus syndrome who were implanted the pacemaker.
Comparison of Outcome of one Versus two Drains Insertion for Seroma Formation Following Modified Radical Mastectomy in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Shiraz Shaikh  , Ambreen Munir  , Shahnawaz Abro  , Shahida Khatoon  , Zameer Hussain Laghari  , Aisha Memon  
Published: January 2022

Objective: Comparative outcome of one versus two drains insertion for in the term of seroma formation following modified radical mastectomy in breast carcinoma.
Methodology: This Prospective Interventional trial was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from February 2018 to January 2019.Â Females with breast carcinoma admitted for modified radical mastectomy were included. Patients were divided into two groups. Â Groups I underwent one drain placement and group II underwent two drains placement. All patients were observed to measure and record the volume of the fluid. Patients were discharged from Hospital in stable condition and after removal of drains, and followed up weekly for one month. Data was recorded on self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS-20.
Results: Total of 80 patients were selected, 38 in group A and 42 in group B. Mean age of patients of group A was 49.08 Â± 9.89 years and group B was 51.40 Â± 13.59 years. , Excised Mass weight was lesser in group A as compared to group B. Mean volume of drain discharge was significantly higher in Group B 323.43 Â± 158.88 ml, while it was in group A 230.29Â± 200.98, findings were statistically significant 0.013. Seroma formation was statistically insignificant among both groups as 8(21.1%) in group A andÂ Â 10(23.8%) in group B, p-value 0.768.
Conclusion: One-drain and two-drain insertion are equally effective to reduce the seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy; however, one drain insertion leads to more patient compliance and comfort with probably less morbidity and cost.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Patients with Endoscopic Biopsy Negative Upper Gastrointestinal Lesions
Authors: Muhammad Najm ul Hasan Shafi  , Irfan Ali  , Muhammad Ismail  , Zulfiqar Hassam , Izatullah  , Rao Saad Ali Khan  
Published: January 2022

Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine needle aspiration in patients who had inconclusive endoscopic biopsies of the same lesion
Methodology This retrospective study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan 2018 to July 2020. Patients who underwent EUS guided FNAC from June 2017 to July 2020 were screened. The FNAC results of patients satisfying the inclusion ciritera were compared with either a surgical biopsy in patients in whom surgeries were done, while in the remaining patients, EUS FNAC results were compared with a 3 months radiological and/or 6 months clinical follow-up. The final diagnosis was defined based on the following criteria: (1) Malignant lesions (n=36), histopathologic diagnosis obtained based on surgery resected samples (n=18) or clinical diagnosis as neoplasm based on clinical follow-up of symptoms (n=30) or radiologic diagnosis based on imaging follow-up at 3 months (n=13) (2) Benign lesions (n=18), benign cytopathologic histopathologic findings and clinical follow-up with no evidence of malignant progression or metastasis.
Results EUS-guided FNA cytology turned out to be malignant in 60 percent (n=36) of the specimens. 30 percent of the samples showed benign epithelial cytology ( n=18) while in 10 percentÂ of the cases (n=6), the tissue samples were deemed insufficient for cytological diagnosis. The accuracy came out to be 66.6 percent (n=10 were true negative), sensitivity 93.4 percent, and specificity 100 percent.Â
Conclusion EUS guided-FNA cytology of the sub-mucosal upper GI lesions is highly sensitive and specific for upper GI lesions, which are negative on endoscopic biopsies.
Outcome of Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Aspiration versus Open Surgical Drainage of Psoas Muscle Abscess
Authors: Shahida Khatoon  , Ayesha Ahmedani  , Sanam Karim Unar  , Riaz Ahmed Memon  , Shahnawaz Khatti  , Sundesh  
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of percutaneous ultrasound guided aspiration V/S open surgical drainage for psoas muscle abscess.
Methodology: This comparative study was conducted in department of general surgery at Liaquat medical university hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from June 2017 to November 2017. Diagnosed Patients of psoas muscle abscess size more than 5cm, between 18 to 60 years of age and either of gender were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, A and B by odd and even method, patients in group A abscess was aspirated by percutaneous ultrasound guided aspiration and patients in group B was underwent open surgical drainage, all the data were entered in the pre designed performa and analyzed into SPSS V:16.0
Results: A total of 58 patients of Psoas muscle abscess were selected, the mean age of study subjects of group A was 38.5+10.5 and group B was 36.5+12.7 (p-673). Early post-operative pain relief was assessed among patients of group A as compared to group B. As per outcome resolution of abscess cavity was significantly high among patients of group B (p-0.004), while post-operative Hospital stay was significantly lower in group A (p-0.002).
Conclusion: Both techniques has their own benefits like percutaneous aspiration has shorter duration of hospital stay while in complete resolution of abscess cavity was found in open surgical drainage group of patients.