bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis for Better Evaluation of Rib Fractures: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bauman Zachary M. , Herrmann Sven , Kött Thomas , Binkley Jana , Evans Charity H. , Kamien Andrew , Cemaj Samuel , Berning Bennett , Cantrell Emily 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Modeling rib fracture stability is challenging. Computer generated finite element analysis(FEA) is an option for assessment of chest wall stability(CWS). The objective is to explore FEA as a means to assess CWS, hypothesizing it is a reliable approach to better understand rib fracture pathophysiology.

Methods
Thoracic anatomy was generated from standardized skeletal models with internal/external organs, soft tissue and muscles using DICOM data. Material properties were assigned to bone, cartilage, skin and viscera. Simulation was performed using ANSYS Workbench. Meshing the model was completed identifying 1.3 and 2.1 million elements and nodes. An implicit solver was used for a linear/static finite element analysis with all bony contacts identified and applied. All material behavior was modeled as isotropic/linear elastic.
6 load cases were evaluated from a musculoskeletal AnyBody model; forward flexion, right/left lateral bending, right/left axial rotation and 5 kg weight arm lifting. Standard application points, directions of muscle forces, and joint positions were applied.
10 fracture cases (unilateral and bilateral) were defined and 66 model variations were simulated. 43 points were applied to each rib in the mid-/anterior axillary lines to assess thoracic stability. Three assessment criteria were used to quantify thoracic motion: normalized mean absolute error(NMAE), normalized root mean square error(NRMSE), and normalized interfragmentary motion(NIFM).

Results
All three analyses demonstrated similar findings that rib fracture deformation and loss of CWS was highest for left/right axial rotation. Increased number of ribs fracture demonstrated more fracture deformation and more loss of CWS compared to a flail chest segment involving less ribs. A single rib fracture is associated with ~3% loss of CWS. NIFM deformation can increases by 230%. CWS can decrease by over 50% depending on fracture patterns.

Conclusion
FEA is a promising technology for analyzing CWS. Future studies need to focus on clinical relevance and application of this technology.

Level of Evidence
IV
Gametocyte production in incident P. falciparum infections: a longitudinal study in a low transmission setting under intensive vector control
Authors: Andolina Chiara , Ramjith Jordache , Rek John , Lanke Kjerstin , Okoth Joseph , Grignard Lynn , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Briggs Jessica , Bailey Jeffrey , Aydemir Ozkan , Kamya Moses R , Greenhouse Bryan , Dorsey Grant , Staedke Sarah G , Drakeley Chris , Jonker Marianne , Bousema Teun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMalaria transmission depends on the presence of Plasmodium gametocytes that are the only parasite life stage that can infect mosquitoes. Gametocyte production varies between infections and over the course of infections. Infection duration is influenced by host and parasite characteristics, and is highly important for gametocyte production but poorly quantified. Between 2017-2019 an all-age cohort from Tororo, eastern Uganda was followed by continuous passive and routine assessments. Among 104 longitudinally monitored incident infections coming from 98 individuals, we observed that nearly all infections lasting 3 or more months initiated gametocyte production prior to clearance. However, the majority of infections were of shorter duration (<28 days) and were cleared before gametocytes were detectable. Infections in individuals with sickle-cell trait were more likely to produce gametocytes and produced gametocytes at higher densities. Our findings suggest that a large proportion of infections may be too short in duration and of too low density to contribute to onward transmission.
Fetal QRS Detection by Multiple Channel Temporal Pattern Search Applied to the NInFEA Database
Authors: Hopenfeld Bruce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn some cases, the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) has a relatively low signal to noise ratio. Much of the literature pertaining to fetal ECG processing focuses on methods for separating the fetal ECG from the maternal ECG rather than detecting the fetal QRS in high noise conditions. This paper describes the application of a previously described pattern search methodology (TEPS) for detecting the fetal QRS in noisy ECGs.Algorithm SummarySignals are processed in non-overlapping 5 s segments. The maternal QRS peaks are detected in a segment from a reliable lead. Next, for each of a potentially large number of leads, after removing the maternal QRS peaks from the set of searchable peaks, single channel TEPS is applied to search for provisional fetal peak sequences. The provisional sequences are scored according to previously described single channel TEPS quality measures: temporal regularity, peak pair amplitude ratios, and number of skips. The provisional sequences across all leads are aggregated according to their average RR intervals and scores. The most likely average RR interval for the segment is estimated from this aggregation by forming a score weighted average of the RR intervals. Sequences with RR intervals close to the chosen RR interval are selected to form a set of high quality sequences. To account for the possibility of peak time offsets between different channels, these sequences are time aligned by time lagged cross correlation. An optimal sequence is formed from these time aligned sequences, with optimality criteria based on peak timing coherence, temporal regularity, and skips.DataThe above procedure was applied to 60 ECG signals (avg. duration approximately 31 s) from the Non-Invasive Multimodal Foetal ECG-Doppler Dataset for Antenatal Cardiology Research (“NInFEA”). The NInFEA dataset also includes ultrasound recordings from which RR intervals may be extracted.ResultsOut of 59 records, RR intervals were well tracked in 57 records. (One of the 60 NInFEA records was excluded due to the inability to obtain a sinus rhythm peak sequence from the ultrasound recording). For these 57 records, 84% and 95% of the ECG RR intervals were within 5 ms and 10 ms, respectively, of the ultrasound derived RR intervals. The mean and median average absolute value RR interval difference (between ECG and ultrasound) over 5 second segments were 3.2 ms and 2.4 ms respectively, with 93% of segments having a mean average absolute value RR interval difference less than 7ms.ConclusionThe TEPS methodology shows promise for ECG based fetal sinus rhythm monitoring.
Neuroimaging profiling identifies distinct brain maturational subtypes of youth with mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Ge R , Sassi R , Yatham LN , Frangou S 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMood and anxiety disorders typically begin in adolescence and have overlapping clinical features but marked inter-individual variation in clinical presentation. The use of multimodal neuroimaging data may offer novel insights into the underlying brain mechanisms. We applied Heterogeneity Through Discriminative Analysis (HYDRA) to measures of regional brain morphometry, neurite density, and intracortical myelination to identify subtypes of youth, aged 9-10 years, with mood and anxiety disorders (N=1931) compared to typically developing youth (N=2823). We identified three subtypes that were robust to permutation testing and sample composition. Subtype 1 evidenced a pattern of imbalanced cortical-subcortical maturation compared to the typically developing group, with subcortical regions lagging behind prefrontal cortical thinning and myelination and greater cortical surface expansion globally. Subtype 2 displayed a pattern of delayed cortical and subcortical maturation indicated by higher cortical thickness and subcortical volume and lower cortical surface area expansion and myelination compared to the typically developing group. Subtype 3 showed evidence of atypical brain maturation involving globally lower cortical thickness and surface coupled with higher myelination and neural density. Subtype 1 had superior cognitive function in contrast to the other two subtypes that underperformed compared to the typically developing group. Higher levels of parental psychopathology, family conflict, and social adversity were common to all subtypes, with subtype 3 having the highest burden of adverse exposures. These analyses comprehensively characterize pre-adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, the biopsychosocial context in which they arise, and lay the foundation for the examination of the longitudinal evolution of the subtypes identified as the study sample transitions through adolescence.
Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against severe disease with Omicron sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5 in England
Authors: Kirsebom Freja C. M. , Andrews Nick , Stowe Julia , Ramsay Mary , Lopez Bernal Jamie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Omicron sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5 were first detected in England in April 2022. A case surge followed despite England having recently experienced waves with BA.1 and BA.2. This study used a whole population test-negative case-control study design to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines currently in use as part of the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme against hospitalisation following infection with BA.4 and BA.5 as compared to BA.2 during a period of co-circulation. Incremental VE was estimated in those vaccinated with either a third or fourth dose as compared to individuals with waned immunity who had received their second dose at least 25 weeks prior. Vaccination status was included as an independent variable and effectiveness was defined as 1-odds of vaccination in cases/odds of vaccination in controls. During the study period, there were 32,845 eligible tests from hospitalised individuals. Of these, 25,862 were negative (controls), 3,432 were BA.2, 273 were BA.4, 947 were BA.5 and 2,331 were either BA.4 or BA.5 cases. There was no evidence of reduced VE against hospitalisation for BA.4 or BA.5 as compared to BA.2. The incremental VE was 56.8% (95% C.I.; 24.0-75.4%), 59.9% (95% C.I.; 45.6-70.5%) and 52.4% (95% C.I.; 43.2-60.1%) for BA.4, BA.5 and BA.2, respectively, at 2 to 14 weeks after a third or fourth dose. VE against hospitalisation with BA.4/5 or BA.2 was slightly higher for the mRNA-1273 booster than the BNT162b2 booster at all time-points investigated, but confidence intervals overlapped. These data provide reassuring evidence of the protection conferred by the current vaccines against severe disease with BA.4 and BA.5.
Cleavage of 14-3-3ε by the enteroviral 3C protease dampens RIG-I mediated antiviral signaling
Authors: Andrews Daniel D.T. , Mohamud Yasir , Vlok Marli , Bani Dorssa Akbari , Hay Brenna N. , Foster Leonard J. , Luo Honglin , Overall Christopher M. , Jan Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractViruses have evolved diverse strategies to evade the host innate immune response and promote infection. The RIG-I-like-receptors RIG-I and MDA5 (RLRs) are antiviral factors that sense viral RNA and signal downstream via mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) to activate type I interferon (IFN) expression. 14-3-3ε is a key component of the RIG-I translocon complex that interacts with MAVS at the mitochondrial membrane; however, the exact role of 14-3-3ε in this pathway is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that 14-3-3ε is a direct substrate of both the poliovirus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) 3C proteases (3Cpro), and that it is cleaved at Q236↓G237, resulting in the generation of N- and C-terminal fragments of 27.0 and 2.1 kDa, respectively. Expression of the N-terminal cleavage fragment in cells reduces IFNB mRNA production during poly(I:C) stimulation, thus suggesting an antagonistic effect in the presence of the endogenous 14-3-3ε protein. The N-terminal 14-3-3ε fragment does not interact with RIG-I in co-immunoprecipitation assays, nor can it facilitate RIG-I translocation to the mitochondria. Probing the intrinsically disordered C-terminal region identifies key residues responsible for RIG-I signaling. Finally, overexpression of the N-terminal fragment promotes CVB3 infection and influenza A virus (H1N1) RNA production and reduces IFNB mRNA production during infection. The strategic enterovirus 3Cpro-mediated cleavage of 14-3-3ε antagonizes RIG-I signaling by disrupting critical interactions within the RIG-I translocon complex, thus contributing to evasion of the host antiviral response.Author SummaryHost antiviral factors work to sense virus infection through various mechanisms, including a complex signaling pathway known as the RIG-I like receptor (RLR) pathway. This pathway drives the production of antiviral molecules known as interferons, which are necessary to establish an antiviral state in the cellular environment. Key to this antiviral signaling pathway is the small chaperone protein 14-3-3ε, which facilitates the delivery of a viral sensor protein, RIG-I, to the mitochondria. In this study, we show that the enteroviral 3C protease cleaves 14-3-3ε during infection, rendering it incapable of facilitating this antiviral response. We also find that the cleavage fragment inhibits RIG-I signaling and promotes virus infection. Our findings reveal a novel viral strategy that restricts the antiviral host response and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying 14-3-3ε function in RIG-I antiviral signaling.
The interaction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) materiality and explicit assessment on willingness to invest: perception of financial analysts
Authors: Pratoomsuwan Thanyawee , Chiaravutthi Yingyot 
Published: September 2022

PurposeRecent research finds that the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information, especially when CSR is not related to core business activities (immaterial CSR issues), on investment decisions will be eliminated when it is explicitly assessed. As CSR expectations from investors appear to be different across specific cultures and countries (Van der Laan Smith et al., 2010), we aim to investigate (1) the effect of CSR materiality on investors' willingness to invest and (2) how the explicit assessment of CSR information moderates the effect of explicit assessment and CSR materiality on investment judgment by professional investors in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA 2 × 2 between-subject experiment was conducted based on 136 professional investors.FindingsOverall, the results suggest that an investor's willingness to invest is greater when CSR is material than when CSR is immaterial. In addition, the assessment of willingness to invest in a firm's stock is not affected by the presence or absence of explicit assessment of the material CSR. However, the results suggest that when CSR issues are immaterial, explicit assessment significantly removes the effect of CSR performance on the investor's investment judgment. Consistent with the findings from Guiral et al. (2019), professional investors seem to process CSR information in a similar way as nonprofessional investors.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that material CSR information has a significant impact on the investment decisions of professional investors. This is consistent with the materiality guidance provided by the Sustainability Accounting Standard Board (SASB) as helpful in improving the value of CSR information for investors. These results should be of interest to both business people and regulators because, despite differences in the cultural and audit environment, the results confirm that professional investors in Thailand use CSR information in an experimental setting, thereby providing some evidence of value creation from CSR activities and nonfinancial disclosures.Originality/valueWhile recent experimental research has primarily examined how nonprofessional investors evaluate CSR information in Western countries, this study extends the literature by focusing on professional investors in emerging capital markets and how they use CSR information in their investment decisions (Coram et al., 2009). The study also addresses the call for research on differences in CSR reporting and practices in different cultures and countries (Van der Laan Smith et al., 2010; Coram et al., 2009) to provide insights into how professional investors in Thailand use CSR information to formulate investment judgments.
Do online reviews help? The contingent effect of perceived crowdedness and gender for restaurant selection
Authors: Ali Muhammad Asghar , Ting Ding Hooi , Azeem Muhammad Umer , Abbasi Amir Zaib 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of perceived usefulness of online reviews and crowd cues on restaurant selection. In addition, the authors also examine the moderating role of perceived crowding and gender in this process.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were tested with survey data (N = 200) collected from customers visiting full-service restaurants in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using SEM through Smart PLS.FindingsThe findings supported that the perceived usefulness of online reviews and perceived crowding have a positive effect on a consumer's purchase intentions, i.e. their decision of restaurant selection. Besides, a higher level of perceived crowding strengthens the relationship between the perceived usefulness of online reviews and their purchase intentions. This finding delineates that consumers prefer to dine in a crowded place with useful online reviews in an unfamiliar place. Finally, the results show that the effect of the usefulness of online reviews on purchase intentions does not vary with respect to gender (no significant contingent effect). However, the effect of perceived crowding varies with respect to gender – male customers have higher intentions to join crowded restaurants as compared to females.Research limitations/implicationsLimitation of this study is its cross-sectional research design; data were collected in a single time frame. Longitudinal research design can be used to get in-depth knowledge of this phenomenon. Secondly, a non-probability sampling technique was used in this study, future research can used probability sampling technique to enhance generalizability of the study. Moreover, this study focused on the human crowding aspect, future studies can cover both aspects of crowding (human crowding and spatial crowding) in retailing or other service sectors (Blut and Iyer, 2020).Practical implicationsThis study has multiple practical implications.Originality/valueThis study extends the current research on usefulness of online reviews and perceived crowding by investigating its direct and conditional effects. Specifically, the authors contribute in extant research by explaining its differential effects for male and female customers, when they select which restaurants to dine.
Financial support for households and the demand for child protection services – a municipality-level analysis of income support for single-parent households and reimbursements for depression medicines
Authors: Häkkilä Laura , Seppälä Piia , Hietamäki Juulia , Toikko Timo 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe study covers two different forms of financial support for households, income support for single parents and reimbursements for depression medicines, and explores their relationships with the demand for child protection services.Design/methodology/approachThe data were retrieved from the Sotkanet, the Finnish Indicator Bank, and included 292 Finnish municipalities. It was hypothesised that the effect of income support for single-parent households on the need for child protection is mediated by reimbursements for depression medicines. The hypotheses were tested by using a conditional process analysis program, PROCESS (Model 4).FindingsIt was found that income support reduces the proportion of reimbursements for depression medicines in a municipality, which in turn reduces the need for child protection services. At the level of social policy, the study tentatively suggests that the social welfare system may affect the demand for child protection by investing in income support for single-parent households.Research limitations/implicationsThe choice of variables does not fully explain the effect of the mechanism. The relationships that are found in this study can have hidden factors which affect them. Further, the data have only 292 cases, which is quite a small sample, and is limited to Finland.Originality/valueThe study suggests that the social welfare system may affect the demand for child protection by investing in income support for single-parent households.
Composite collaboration and the differentiation strategies adopted by emerging market firms in advanced markets during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khan Huda 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis article illustrates how, during the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging market exporting firms can adopt differentiation strategies using composition-based capabilities, which, in turn, will enable them to strengthen their images and market shares, i.e. their strategic marketing performance in advanced markets.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on survey data obtained from 86 Pakistani firms exporting to advanced economies.FindingsThe study found that compositional collaboration capabilities positively influence the differentiation strategies and strategic marketing performance of emerging market exporting firms conducting business in advanced host markets. Furthermore, the findings indicate that differentiation strategies mediate the influence of compositional collaboration capabilities on the strategic marketing performance of these firms.Originality/valueBy taking a new compositional based theoretical perspective, this study examined the underexplored phenomenon of how emerging market firms can differentiate their offerings in advanced export markets in order to achieve a better strategic performance during external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that export growth is a strategic priority for many emerging markets, including Pakistan, due to their substantial trade deficits, this study provides important contributions from both the theoretical and practical perspectives.