bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant interhemispheric functional connectivity in major depressive disorder with and without anhedonia
Authors: Lu Shaojia , Shao Jiamin , Feng Qian , Wu Congchong , Fang Zhe , Jia Lili , Wang Zheng , Hu Shaohua , Xu Yi , Huang Manli 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
Anhedonia is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), and as a subtype of depression, MDD with anhedonia may have exceptional neurobiological mechanisms. However, the neuropathology of anhedonia in MDD remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the brain functional differences between MDD with and without anhedonia.

Methods
A total of 62 individuals including 22 MDD patients with anhedonia, 20 MDD patients without anhedonia, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. All participants underwent 3.0-T functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was employed to quantitatively describe bilateral functional connectivity. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed to obtain brain regions with significant differences among three groups and then post hoc tests were calculated for inter-group comparisons.

Results
The ANOVA revealed significant VMHC differences among three groups in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (F = 10.47 ~ 15.09, p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Relative to HCs, MDD with anhedonia showed significantly decreased VMHC in the bilateral MTG (t = -5.368, p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected), as well as increased VMHC in the bilateral SFG (t = -4.696, p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Compared to MDD without anhedonia, MDD with anhedonia showed significantly decreased VMHC in the bilateral MTG and IPL (t = -5.629 ~ -4.330, p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected), while increased VMHC in the bilateral SFG (t = 3.926, p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). However, no significant difference was found between MDD without anhedonia and HCs.

Conclusion
The present findings suggest that MDD with and without anhedonia exhibit different patterns of interhemispheric connectivity. Anhedonia in MDD is related to aberrant interhemispheric connectivity within brain regions involved in the frontal–temporal-parietal circuit.
Public knowledge about dementia risk reduction in Norway
Authors: Kjelvik Grete , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork , Stuebs Josephine , Thingstad Pernille , Deckers Kay , Köhler Sebastian , Selbæk Geir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Several modifiable lifestyle risk factors for dementia have been identified, but it is unclear how much the Norwegian public knows about the relationship between lifestyle and brain health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate knowledge about modifiable dementia risk and protective factors and beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction in a randomly selected subsample of the Norwegian population.

Methods
The total sample (n = 1435) included individuals aged 40–70 years from four counties (Oslo, Innlandet, Nordland and Trøndelag) in Norway. Two online questionnaires were used to measure (1) awareness about dementia risk reduction and (2) an individual`s motivation to change behaviour for dementia risk reduction (MOCHAD-10).

Results
Of the participants, 70% were aware of the potential of dementia risk reduction in general. Physical inactivity (86%), cognitive inactivity (84%) and social isolation (80%) were the most frequently recognised dementia risk factors. On the other hand, diabetes (26%), coronary heart disease (19%), hearing loss (18%) and chronic kidney disease (7%) were less often recognised as dementia risk factors. Comparing men and women, the only significant difference was that women were more likely to report parents with dementia as a risk factor compared to men. Gender, age and educational differences were seen in beliefs and attitudes towards dementia prevention:women reported more negative feelings and attitudes towards dementia than men;those aged 40–49 years – more likely than older age groups – reported that ‘knowing family members with dementia’ or ‘having risk factors’ made them believe they had to change their lifestyle and behaviour.

Conclusions
The results indicate that 70% of the Norwegian public are aware of the potential for dementia risk reduction in general. However, there are major gaps in existing knowledge, particularly for cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic factors (diabetes, obesity). These findings underline the importance of further informing the Norwegian public about lifestyle-related risk and protective factors of dementia. Differences in beliefs and attitudes towards dementia risk prevention by age, gender and education require tailored public risk reduction interventions.
Prevalence of sleep-related problems and risks in a community-dwelling older adult population: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Authors: Gordon Nancy P. , Yao Jimmy H. , Brickner Leslea A. , Lo Joan C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite evidence of adverse health consequences of inadequate restorative sleep for older adults, assessment of sleep quantity, quality, and use of sleep aids is not routinely done. We aimed to characterize sleep problems, sleep risks, and advice received about sleep in a community-dwelling older adult population, overall and in subgroups with health conditions and functional difficulties.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used weighted self-report data for 5074 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65-79y who responded to a 2017 or 2020 Member Health Survey. We estimated usual amount of sleep (< 6, 6 to < 7, ≥7 hours) and prevalence of sleep problems (frequent insomnia, frequent daytime fatigue, poor quality sleep, and potential sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms (frequent very loud snoring, apnea episodes)) for older adults overall, by self-rated health, and in subgroups reporting hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, frequent problems with balance/walking, and frequent memory problems. We also estimated percentages who regularly used sleep aids and had discussed sleep adequacy with a healthcare professional in the past year.

Results
Approximately 30% of older adults usually got less than the recommended ≥7 hours sleep per day, and 9% experienced frequent daytime fatigue, 13% frequent insomnia, 18% frequent insomnia/poor quality sleep, and 8% potential OSA symptoms. Prevalence of frequent insomnia was higher among women than men (16% vs. 11%). Higher percentages of those in fair/poor health and those with frequent balance/walking and memory problems reported sleeping < 6 hours per day and having all four types of sleep problems. Nearly 20% of all older adults (22% of women vs. 17% of men) and 45% of those with frequent insomnia (no sex difference) reported regular sleep aid use. Only 10% of older adults reported discussing sleep with a healthcare professional whereas > 20% reported discussing diet and exercise.

Conclusions
Large percentages of older adults experience sleep problems or get less sleep than recommended for optimal sleep health. Older patients should routinely be assessed on multiple components of sleep health (sleep hygiene, quantity, quality, problems, and sleep aid use) and educated about sleep hygiene and the importance of getting adequate restorative sleep for their overall health and wellbeing.
Consumer perceptions of legal cannabis products in Canada, 2019–2021: a repeat cross-sectional study
Authors: Wadsworth Elle , Fataar Fathima , Goodman Samantha , Smith Danielle M. , Renard Justine , Gabrys Robert , Jesseman Rebecca , Hammond David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Consumer perceptions of legal cannabis products may drive willingness to purchase from the illegal or legal market; however, little is known on this topic. The current study examined perceptions of legal products among Canadian cannabis consumers over a 3-year period following federal legalization of non-medical cannabis in 2018.

Methods
Data were analyzed from Canadian respondents in the International Cannabis Policy Study, a repeat cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019–2021. Respondents were 15,311 past 12-month cannabis consumers of legal age to purchase cannabis. Weighted logistic regression models examined the association between perceptions of legal cannabis and province of residence, and frequency of cannabis use over time.

Results
In 2021, cannabis consumers perceived legal cannabis to be safer to buy (54.0%), more convenient to buy (47.8%), more expensive (47.2%), safer to use (46.8%) and higher quality (29.3%) than illegal cannabis. Except for safety of purchasing, consumers had more favourable perceptions of legal cannabis in 2021 than 2019 across all outcomes. For example, consumers had higher odds of perceiving legal cannabis as more convenient to buy in 2021 than 2019 (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI: 2.65,3.60). More frequent consumers had less favourable perceptions of legal cannabis than less frequent consumers.

Conclusions
Three years since legalization, Canadian cannabis consumers generally had increasingly favourable perceptions of legal vs. illegal products – except for price – with variation across the provinces and frequency of cannabis use. To achieve public health objectives of legalization, federal and provincial governments must ensure that legal cannabis products are preferred to illegal, without appealing to non-consumers.
Changes in preventive behaviour after COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ngamchaliew Pitchayanont , Kaewkuea Narathip , Nonthasorn Netipong , Vonnasrichan Thanawat , Rongsawat Natthakarn , Rattanachai Leena , Chaipipattanakij Wannachai , Kamolnawin Sutthida , Vichitkunakorn Polathep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Protective behaviours (e.g., mask-wearing, handwashing, avoiding social gatherings) and mass vaccination are effective ways to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous studies found that people who get vaccinated may change their protective behaviours. The Thai government has endorsed several mix-and-match vaccine regimens to eliminate the insufficiency of each vaccine brand. This study aimed to determine levels of protective behavioural changes after COVID-19 vaccination and its relationship with various vaccine regimens in Thailand.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between September 13, 2021, and January 14, 2022. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and posters in public places in Thailand. The questionnaire comprised six items for demographic characteristics, seven items for COVID-19 vaccine regimens, and four items for protective behaviours. The vaccinated Thai population aged ≥ 18 years were surveyed. Statistical analyses included a Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results
Of the 469 participants, more than half were females (67.4%), single (57.4%), and lived in an urban area (67.2%). Significant differences were observed with regard to median scores in handwashing (5.0 vs. 5.0, p-value < 0.001), physical distancing (4.0 vs. 5.0, p-value = 0.019), and avoiding social activity (4.0 vs. 5.0, p-value = 0.010) in pre- and post-vaccination situations. Approximately 70–90% of the participants did not report changes in protective behaviours after vaccination. Overall, 17.4%, 13.9%, and 12.7% of participants showed improvements in avoiding social activity, physical distancing, and handwashing respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that improvements in protective behaviours were significantly associated with the age group (between 18 and 24 years), non-healthcare worker status, and those who lived in urban areas. No significant evidence of vaccine regimens was found relative to improved protective behaviours.

Conclusion
This evidence revealed that Thai people maintain their protective behaviours after vaccination but rather improved them. Moreover, demographic data were significantly associated with improved protective behaviours, but various vaccine regimens were not. These findings might be useful for implementing policies to maintain personal protective behaviours after vaccination against COVID-19.
Associations between body composition and physical fitness among Chinese medical students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Bing , Sun Lu , Yu Ye , Xin Hong , Zhang Han , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study examined associations between body composition and physical fitness scores among medical students in Shenyang, China.

Methods
A total of 2291 medical students aged 18–20 (815 male and 1476 female) in Shenyang of China were recruited to participate in the research in May 2019. With the use of the BCA-1B body composition analyzer and standard method of physical fitness assessment, the body composition and seven measures of physical fitness (body mass index, vital capacity, sit and reach, standing long jump, pull-ups/crunches, 50-m sprint, and 800/1000-m run) of college students were measured, respectively. The associations between body composition and physical fitness scores were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
The height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral content, body mass index, vital capacity, and body function scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students. However, fat mass (FM), body shape score, physical quality score, and total physical fitness score of female students were significantly higher than those of male students. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that in male students, only FM was negatively associated with body shape score, body function score, physical quality score, and total physical fitness score. In female students, FM was associated with lower body shape scores, physical quality scores, and total physical fitness scores. Furthermore, the ratio of overweight to obesity in male students was significantly higher than that in female students.

Conclusions
In Chinese medical colleges, the physical fitness level of female students is better than that of male students, and a higher FM was significantly associated with worse physical fitness of medical students. Moreover, male students with a higher rate of overweight and obesity are an important group that needs weight control.
Carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to tumoral calcinosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abdallah Michael , Bou Sanayeh Elie , Haroun Rami , El Khoury Maria , El Hajj Moussa Majd , Hoyek Fadi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent peripheral nerve entrapment disease. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and defined as idiopathic in most cases. We present a rare case of CTS secondary to tumoral calcinosis and then searched the English literature to present the details of all published cases with this entity.
Case presentation.
A 52-year-old woman presented for a one-year history of numbness and paresthesia in her right hand. The patient’s signs, symptoms, physical examination, and nerve electrodiagnostic testing suggested median nerve compression at the level of the carpal tunnel. However, a confirmatory magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist showed a localized calcareous lesion in the carpal tunnel. Subsequently, carpal tunnel release and mass excision were successfully performed with no recurrence at a 3-month interval.

Conclusion
CTS secondary to tumoral calcinosis is a rare benign condition. Physicians should remain vigilant and include it in their differential diagnosis when facing a previously healthy patient presenting for chronic CTS symptoms.
Evaluation of novel obesity- and lipid-related indices as predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yin Qianqian , Yan Xiaonan , Cao Yijuan , Zheng Jianhua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the performance of Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) as indices in screening abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a reference test. In addition, we essentially compared the abilities of these indices with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Materials and methods
All 1113 PCOS patients evaluated in this study underwent OGTTs. The 2-h post-oral glucose load (2 h-PG) level was used to categorize subjects into two groups: those having AGT or normal glucose tolerance (NGT) levels.

Results
A statistically significant positive correlation between levels of 2 h-PG and FPG, BMI, WC, LAP, VAI, CVAI, TyG, (P < 0.05), was observed. The strongest correlation was found between the levels of 2 h-PG and CVAI (r = 0.47). The CVAI provided the highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for AGT, followed by LAP, BMI, TyG, VAI, WC, and FPG. The CVAI of 32.61 (with AUC: 0.76, sensitivity: 73%, specificity: 70%, positive preductive value (PPV): 0.41, negative predictive value (NPV): 0.90) was found to be the cut-off point for AGT in Chinese women with PCOS.

Conclusions
CVAI may not reliably detect AGT in Chinese women with PCOS. However, it is suitable as a first screening indicator to guide physicians to ordering OGTT.
Effectiveness of the attachment position in molar intrusion with clear aligners: a finite element study
Authors: Fan Dian , Liu Hao , Yuan Chang-Yong , Wang Shi-Yu , Wang Peng-Lai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the biomechanical effects of different attachments’ position for maxillary molar intrusion with clear aligner treatment by finite element analysis.MethodsCone-beam computed tomography images of a patient with supra-eruption of the maxillary second molars were selected to construct three-dimensional models of the maxilla, periodontal ligaments, dentition, and clear aligner. The models were divided into four groups depending on the attachment location on the first molar: (1) no attachment (NA), (2) buccal attachment (BA), (3) palatal attachment (PA), and (4) bucco-palatal attachment (BPA). After applying an intrusion of 0.2 mm on the second molar, displacements and stress distributions of the teeth, aligner, and periodontal ligament were analyzed with the finite element software.ResultsAll groups displayed equivalent movement patterns of aligners. The NA and BA groups showed buccal tipping of the second molar, while the PA group showed palatal tipping. The BPA group had the highest intruding value and the lowest buccal/palatal tipping value. All groups showed mesial tipping of the second molar. Stress distribution in the periodontal ligament strongly correlated with the attachment position. The BPA group showed the best stress distribution.ConclusionCombined BA and PA could effectively prevent buccal and palatal tipping and showed the best efficiency in intruding the second molar. The second molar showed an unavoidable tendency to tip mesially, regardless of the attachment position.
Perceived barriers towards the importance and application of medical research: a source of gender disparity among medical undergraduates
Authors: AlQirem Lina , Al-Huneidy Leen , Hammouri Muhammad , Taha Hana , Al-Somadi Husam , Al-Bitar Farah , Kitaneh Razi , Al-Huneidy Yazan , Al-Somadi Hussien , Ashour Omar , Sayed Farah , Mohammed Dina , Abu Tawileh Raya , Al-Ani Abdallah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about gender disparity among medical undergraduates in the developing world. Therefore, this study aims to explore the attitudes and perceived barriers among Jordanian medical students, particularly women.

Methods
An online, self-administered questionnaire, developed after an extensive literature review, was disseminated across all six Jordanian medical schools targeting more than 5000 medical students. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to document mean differences among different groups. Linear and logistic regression models were used to find predictors of publication and number of publications.

Results
A total of 636 students participated in the survey with a women to men ratio of 1.1. Women medical students report significantly higher knowledge (t(634) = 2.47, p = 0.013), personal (t(634) = 3.31, p = 0.001), and total barriers scores than men (t(634) = 3.02, p = 0.003). Moreover, compared to men, women were less likely to find same-sex mentorship (t(634) = 3.18, p = 0.001) or receive credited authorship (t(634) = 2.12, p = 0.011). Overall, women medical students were more likely to perceive that their gender (t(634) = 3.58, p < 0.001) and people’s perception of their gender (t(634) = 4.25, p < 0.001) are barriers to their career advancement. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that gender is a significant predictor of being able to publish (OR: 1.645; 95%CI: 1.002–2.731), while linear regression demonstrated that gender is a predictor of number of publications (ß: 0.113; 95%CI: 0.063–0.288).

Conclusion
A significant gender disparity exists in terms of both attitudes and overall barriers among Jordanian medical undergraduates which calls for immediate policy changes as to produce successful clinicians and researchers.
Exercise training attenuates pulmonary inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of high-fat high-carbohydrate-induced NAFLD
Authors: Cho Jinkyung , Johnson Bruce D. , Watt Kymberly D. , Niven Alexander S. , Yeo Dongwook , Kim Chul-Ho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to pulmonary dysfunction that is associated with pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, little is known regarding the therapeutic role of exercise training on pulmonary pathophysiology in NAFLD. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC)-induced pulmonary dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice (N= 40) were fed a standard Chow (n= 20) or an HFHC (n= 20) diet for 15 weeks. After 8 weeks of dietary treatment, they were further assigned to 4 subgroups for the remaining 7 weeks: Chow (n= 10), Chow plus exercise (Chow+EX,n= 10), HFHC (n= 10), or HFHC plus exercise (HFHC+EX,n= 10). Both Chow+EX and HFHC+EX mice were subjected to treadmill running.ResultsChronic exposure to the HFHC diet resulted in obesity with hepatic steatosis, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated liver enzymes. The HFHC significantly increased fibrotic area (p< 0.001), increased the mRNA expression of TNF-α (4.1-fold,p< 0.001), IL-1β (5.0-fold,p< 0.001), col1a1 (8.1-fold,p< 0.001), and Timp1 (6.0-fold,p< 0.001) in the lung tissue. In addition, the HFHC significantly altered mitochondrial function (p< 0.05) along with decreased Mfn1 protein levels (1.8-fold,p< 0.01) and increased Fis1 protein levels (1.9-fold,p< 0.001). However, aerobic exercise training significantly attenuated these pathophysiologies in the lungs in terms of ameliorating inflammatory and fibrogenic effects by enhancing mitochondrial function in lung tissue (p< 0.001).ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that exercise training has a beneficial effect against pulmonary abnormalities in HFHC-induced NAFLD through improved mitochondrial function.