bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-30a-5p Promotes Vein Graft Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell
Autophagy through Targeting ATG5
Authors: Cai Xinyong , Zhang Ping , Yang Yong , Wang Yunxia , Zhu Hongmin , Li Bin , Zeng Hong , Hong Lang , Shao Liang 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of miR-30a-5p in
restenosis of rats following vein grafting and the underlying mechanism.

Methods:
Vein graft rat models were established and perfused with miR-30a-5p antagomir
and si-ATG5 to probe the regulation of miR-30a-5p/ATG5 on intimal hyperplasia.
Human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMCs) were obtained from the great
saphenous veins of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and subjected to
assays for autophagy, proliferation, and migration after gain and loss of function of
miR-30a-5p and/or ATG5. The binding of miR-30a-5p and ATG5 was confirmed by RIP
and dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results:
MiR-30a-5p expression gradually increased, ATG5 expression gradually decreased,
and the intima was increasingly thickened during restenosis of grafted veins.
Knockdown of miR-30a-5p in rats repressed the restenosis of vein grafts, while a deficiency
of ATG5 reversed the effect of miR-30a-5p inhibition. Upregulation of
miR-30a-5p enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSVSMCs and inhibited the autophagy,
while downregulation of miR-30a-5p or overexpression of ATG5 showed opposite
effects. ATG5 is a target gene of miR-30a-5p.

Conclusion:
MiR-30a-5p exacerbates vein graft restenosis by repressing ATG5 expression
and inhibiting autophagy.
Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Follow-Up and
Pre/Poststroke Mini-Mental State Examination Comparison
Authors: Hong Chien-Tai , Lee Hsun-Hua , Chung Chen-Chih , Chiu Wei-Ting , Lee Ting-Yi , Chen David Yen-Ting , Huang Li-Kai , Hu Chaur-Jong , Chan Lung 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent cause of disability in people with stroke. PSCI results from either lesion-dependent loss of cognitive function or augmentation of Alzheimer's pathology due to vascular insufficiency. The lack of prestroke cognitive assessments limits the clear understanding of the impact of PSCI on cognition.

Objective:
The present study aims to make a direct comparison of longitudinal cognitive assessment results to clarify the impact of ischemic stroke on PSCI and assess the cognitive decline in PSCI compared to people with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:
All study participants had their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the chronic poststroke stage (≥6 months after stroke), which was compared with prestroke or acute poststroke (<6 months after stroke) MMSE to investigate the two aspects of PSCI. A group of patients with AD was used to reference the speed of neurodegenerative cognitive deterioration. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the longitudinal change of MMSE.

Results:
MMSE score between acute and chronic poststroke revealed a 1.8 ± 6.49 decline per year (n=76), which was not significantly different from the AD patients who underwent cholinesterase inhibitors treatment (-1.11 ± 2.61, p=0.35, n=232). MMSE score between prestroke and chronic poststroke (n=33) revealed a significant decline (−6.52 ± 6.86, p < 0.001). In addition, their cognitive deterioration was significantly associated with sex, age, and stroke over the white matter or basal ganglia.

Conclusion:
Ischemic stroke substantially affects cognition with an average six-point drop in MMSE. The rate of cognitive decline in PSCI was similar to AD, and those with white matter or basal ganglia infarct were at greater risk of PSCI.
Next-generation Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors Potentially
Targeting BTK C481S Mutation- Recent Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Das Debasis , Wang Jingbing , Hong Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a vital role in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) sig-nalling transduction pathway. Controlling BCR signalling by BTK inhibitors is a promising thera-peutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Since the approval of ibrutinib for the treatment of different haematological cancers in 2013, great efforts have been made to explore new BTK inhibitors. Despite the remarkable potency and efficacy of first and second generation irreversible BTK inhibitors against various lymphomas and leukaemia, there are also some clinical limitations, such as off-target toxicity and primary/acquired drug resistance. Acquired drug resistance due to the C481S mutation in BTK is the major challenging problem of irreversible inhibitors. After, the BTK C481S mutation, the irreversible covalent inhibitors cannot form covalent bond with BTK and drop activities. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel BTK inhibitors to overcome the mutation problem. In recent years, a few reversible BTK inhibitors have been de-veloped and are under clinical evaluation stages. In addition, a few reversible BTK-PROTACs have been explored and under developments. A number of reversible non-covalent BTK inhibitors, in-cluding MK1026/ ARQ531, LOXO305, fenebrutinib are at different stages of clinical trials for au-toimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the discovery and development of next-generation BTK inhibitors, especially targeting BTK C481S mutation and their applications for the treatment of lymphomas and autoimmune diseases.
Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Pathology in Patients with Gout
Authors: Musayev Abdugani , Khituova Lidiya , Khabizhanova Venera , Akhmetova Gulsim , Almukhambetova Elmira , Indershiyev Vildan 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To determine the frequency and assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in
patients suffering from gout.

Background:
Gout is a sign of disturbed metabolism, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases
(CVD). Soaring mortality is associated with a lot of risk factors and comorbid conditions,
which have to be dealt with the help of scientists and practitioners.

Methods:
The following retrospective study included 218 patients suffering from gout according to
the criteria of S.L. Wallace. The risk of major coronary events was calculated via the SCORE scale.

Results:
Arterial hypertension and BMI > 25 kg / m2 (90.8%) have prevailed among the respondents.
Increased level of total cholesterol (TC) was detected in 63.8% cases, decreased level of highdensity
lipoproteins - in 71.6%, and hypertriglyceridemia - in 60.5% relevantly. 175 patients
(80.3%) had high cardiovascular risk (estimated more than 5%). 43 (19.7%) of them had a low and
medium risk of developing fatal CVD (1-4%). The high share of patients suffering from gout was
endangered with cardiovascular pathology.

Conclusion:
The most frequently matched risk factors among patients suffering from gout are an
increase in BMI> 25 kg/m2 (90.8%) and dyslipidemia.
An Evidence-Based Review of Diabetes Care: History, Types, Relationship
to Cancer and Heart Disease, Co-Morbid Factors, and Preventive
Measures
Authors: Gupta Umesh Chandra , Gupta Subhas Chandra , Gupta Shayle Sugandh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to the decreased and inadequate levels of insulin in the body, resistance to the effects of insulin, or a combination of both. There are three types of diabetes, however Type 2 disease is the most common followed by Type 1 and gestational diabetes. Most common factors responsible for diabetes are obesity or being overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, ethnic background, sedentary lifestyle and family history. Because of the increased longevity, it is becoming a disease of the elderly thus contributing to the complexity of managing it in the ageing population. Diabetes also has implications to cancer and heart disease. Some studies have shown increased cancer risk in prediabetic and diabetic individuals. A recent major study draws firm conclusion that diabetes promotes a person’s risk of developing different types of cancer. The occurrence and mortality of cancer types, e.g., pancreas, liver, colorectal, breast, endometrial, and bladder cancers may produce a modest rise in diabetics. Women with diabetes are 27% likelier to develop cancer compared to healthy women. On the other hand only 19% more men with diabetes are likely to develop cancer when compared to healthy men. Preventive measures such as proper diet, physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation, and controlling obesity may improve outcomes of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and some forms of cancer. Developing awareness of the genetic association relationship between T2D and coronary heart disease has begun to provide the potential for better prevention and treatment of both disorders. Significant preventive measures for diabetes include – consumption of nutrients such as vitamin D, nuts, minerals chromium, and magnesium, controlling weight, hypertension, plant foods and a Mediterranean plant-based diet along with increased exercise.
Primary SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Screening in Adults: Analysis of the
Correlation Between High-Resolution Computed Tomography Pulmonary
Patterns and Initial Oxygen Saturation Levels
Authors: Alonazi Batil , Mostafa Mohamed A. , Farghaly Ahmed M. , Zindani Salah A. , Al-Watban Jehad A. , Altaimi Feras , Almotairy Abdulrahim S. , Fagiry Moram A. , Mahmoud Mustafa Z. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is mandatory for
patients with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
and a high Respiratory Rate (RR) because sublobar consolidation is the likely pathological
pattern in addition to Ground Glass Opacities (GGOs).

Objective:
The present study determined the correlation between the percentage extent of typical
pulmonary lesions on HRCT, as a representation of severity, and the RR and peripheral oxygen saturation
level (SpO2), as measured through pulse oximetry, in patients with Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase
Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed primary (noncomplicated) SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Methods:
The present retrospective study was conducted in 332 adult patients who presented with
dyspnea and hypoxemia and were admitted to Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia between May 15, 2020 and December 15, 2020. All the patients underwent chest
HRCT. Of the total, 198 patients with primary noncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were
finally selected based on the typical chest HRCT patterns. The main CT patterns, GGO and sublobar
consolidation, were individually quantified as a percentage of the total pulmonary involvement
through algebraic summation of the percentage of the 19 pulmonary segments affected. Additionally,
the statistical correlation strength between the total percentage pulmonary involvement and
the age, initial RR, and percentage SpO2 of the patients was determined.

Results:
The mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) age of the 198 patients was 48.9 ± 11.4 years. GGO
magnitude alone exhibited a significant weak positive correlation with patients’ age (r = 0.2; p =
0.04). Sublobar consolidation extent exhibited a relatively stronger positive correlation with RR
than GGO magnitude (r = 0.23; p = 0.002). A relatively stronger negative correlation was observed
between the GGO extent and SpO2 (r = - 0.38; p = 0.002) than that between sublobar consolidation
and SpO2 (r = - 0.2; p = 0.04). An increase in the correlation strength was demonstrated with increased
case segregation with GGO extent (r = - 0.34; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The correlation between the magnitudes of typical pulmonary lesion patterns, particularly
GGO, which exhibited an incremental correlation pattern on chest HRCT, and the SpO2 percentage,
may allow the establishment of an artificial intelligence program to differentiate primary
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia from other complications and associated pathology influencing SpO2.
Biological Importance and Therapeutic Benefit of Swertisin: An Overview
of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Herbal medicines have been derived from different parts of the plants
including roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaf. Human beings have been using herbal medicine and
their derived phytochemicals for the treatment of human health complications since ancient times.
Presence of different classes of phytochemicals is responsible for different pharmacological activities
of herbal drugs and their derived products.

Methods:
Numerous scientific literature data have been searched to collect all the needed scientific
information of the present article. Scientific literature databases such as Google, Google Scholar,
Science Direct, and PubMed have been searched in the present work to collect all the scientific
information of swertisin. Medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of swertisin have
been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research
works. Therapeutic benefits of swertisin against cognitive impairment, diabetes, hepatitis B,
pain and chromosomal damage have been investigated through literature data analysis of different
scientific research works.

Results:
Literature data analysis of numerous scientific research works revealed the biological
potential of swertisin in medicine as it is present in different medicinal plants i.e. Wilbrandia
ebracteata, Swertia franchetiana, Swertia mussotii, Enicostemma hyssopifolium, and Iris tectorum.
Scientific data analysis revealed the therapeutic effectiveness of swertisin against cognitive impairment,
diabetes, hepatitis B, pain and chromosomal damage. Scientific data analysis signified
the importance of different analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of
swertisin in different samples.

Conclusion:
Present study signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of swertisin
in medicine.
Tranexamic Acid and Plasminogen/Plasmin Glaring Paradox in COVID-19
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Harcan Nasser A. Hadi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to acute tissue injury and an overstated immune response. In COVID-19, there are noteworthy changes in the fibrinolytic system with the development of coagulopathy. Therefore, modulation of the fibrinolytic system may affect the course of COVID-19. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic drug that reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which is necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. In addition, TXA has anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, and anti-thrombotic effects, which may attenuate the COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this narrative review, we try to find the beneficial and harmful effects of TXA in COVID-19.
3EDANFIS: Three Channel EEG-Based Depression Detection Technique with Hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Mahato Shalini , Paul Sanchita , Goyal Nishant , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Jain Sarika 
Published: August 2022

Background:Depression is a mental disorder that often negatively impacts the actions and feelings of the affected person. No laboratory tests are available to detect and properly diagnose depression. Presently, the detection of depression is done based on standardized questionnaires like Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-V) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) which is subjective in nature.Objective:The purpose of the study is to propose a framework for more accurate detection of depression from EEG signals using only three channels, which makes the system portable as well as efficient.Methods:In this study, we propose a classification model using EEG signal with the help of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System optimized by nature-inspired algorithm. The proposed model is efficient, accurate, and portable as the features are extracted from only three channels, namely, Fp1, Fp2, and Fz. The three Data Channel (3EDANFIS) Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for detection of depression as well as three variants of Hybrid ANFIS – Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System-Genetic Algorithm (ANFIS-GA), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System- Particle Swam Optimization (ANFIS-PSO) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System- Firefly Algorithm (ANFIS-FA) has been analyzed in this study. The features extracted are delta, theta, alpha, and beta and their corresponding sub-bands delta1, delta2, theta1, theta2, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swam Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FA) are all nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms which are used to optimize ANFIS by adapting the premise and consequent parameters.Results:The analysis showed that the GA and FA perform equally well in optimizing ANFIS with the highest accuracy of 83.33 % using delta1 power as well as delta power. Overall accuracy of the ANFIS-GA is found to be higher than that of the ANFIS-PSO, ANFIS-FA, and ANFIS. It was also found that the sub-band classification accuracy is higher than that of the band itself for delta, theta, and alpha bands. In case of the ANFIS, ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-PSO, and ANFIS-FA, delta1 was found to be having higher accuracy than delta power, theta1 was found to be having higher accuracy than theta power, and both alpha1 and alpha2 showed higher accuracy than alpha power.Conclusion:The use of only three EEG channels for data recording makes our technique to be more feasible, portable, convenient, and faster and hence can act as an adjunct tool for psychiatrists in the future.
Therapeutic Potentials of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of COVID-19 -A Review of Clinical and In-silico Studies
Authors: Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Gobinath Mirunalini , Rafiullah Mohamed , Muthusamy Sudha 
Published: August 2022

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and patients with COVID-19 are managed mainly using repurposed conventional drugs, which target the viral entry and viral replication of SARS CoV-2 along with standard care and supportive therapy.Objective:This review article focuses on the potential benefits of black seeds (Nigella sativa) observed in clinical and in silico molecular docking studies of COVID-19.Methods:The literature was searched using databases such as LitCOVID, Web of Science, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, EMBASE, and reference lists to identify published manuscripts or preprints related to the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 with black seeds (N. sativa) or their phytoconstituents.Results:Various clinical studies and in silico molecular docking studies determined that black seeds (N. sativa) and their bioactive phytoconstituents have potential activity against SARS CoV-2 infection.Results:Various clinical studies and in silico molecular docking studies determined that black seeds (N. sativa) and their bioactive phytoconstituents have potential activity against SARS CoV-2 infection.Conclusion:Patients with COVID-19 could be managed using black seeds (N. sativa) along with supportive care, which would speed up the recovery and decrease the mortality rate. More randomized controlled clinical trials would further establish the safety and efficacy of N. sativa in COVID-19 patients.
Nanobiotechnology-Modified Cellular and Molecular Therapy as a Novel
Approach for Autoimmune Diabetes Management
Authors: Lawand Priyanka Vasant , Desai Shivani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Several cellular and molecular therapies such as stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy,
gene modification therapy, and tolerance induction therapy have been researched to procure a
permanent cure for Type 1 Diabetes. However, due to the induction of undesirable side effects, their
clinical utility is questionable. These anti-diabetic therapies can be modified with nanotechnological
tools for reducing adverse effects by selectively targeting genes and/or receptors involved directly or
indirectly in diabetes pathogenesis, such as the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, epidermal growth
factor receptor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, miRNA gene and hepatocyte growth factor
(HGF) gene. This paper will review the utilities of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, cell replacement
therapy, beta-cell proliferation strategies, immune tolerance induction strategies, and
gene therapy for type 1 diabetes management.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Pyrrole Substituted β-Lactams Through
p-Toluene Sulphonic Acid-catalyzed Reaction of Azetidine-2,3-diones with
Hydroxyprolines
Authors: Banik Bimal Krishna , Yadav Ram Naresh , Shaikh Aarif Latif , Das Aparna , Ray Devalina 
Published: August 2022

Aims:
The aim of this study is to investigate the p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-Ts.OH)-
catalyzed reaction of racemic-azetidine-2,3-diones with enantiomerically pure cis and trans-4-
hydroxy-L-proline in refluxing ethanol culminating in a synthesis of substituted novel 3-(pyrrol-1-
yl)-azetidin-2-ones at the C-3 position.

Methods:
This work describes an alternative synthetic route enabling the tandem transformation of
proline to pyrrole, followed by intramolecular chirality transfer to the β -lactams ring.

Results:
All four diastereomers of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-azetidin-2-ones could be achieved in good to
excellent yield with high diastereoselectivity in a single-pot operation.

Conclusion:
This method can be applied to other activated carbonyl compounds and functionalized pyrroles
can be obtained through an expeditious process.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kuroki Makoto , Yamamoto Kiyoshi , Goldfinch Shaun 
Published: August 2022

Background
Trust in government is seen to facilitate crisis management and policy instrument adoption across numerous studies. However, in Japan, public support for government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and trust in the government is low, yet the adoption of voluntary nondigital nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is high. This is an important tension this study seeks to unravel.

Objective
The aim of this study is to understand the antecedents of nondigital NPI and tracking app adoption in the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Methods
A commercial company was contracted to deliver an online survey of 1248 Japanese citizens in December 2020. A quota technique was used to deliver a sample representative in terms of gender, age, residence, income, and education.

Results
The adoption of voluntary nondigital NPIs is predicted by confidence in public health scientists and a favoring of infection control over reducing economic and social costs. A novel and unexpected finding is that trust in government does not predict nondigital NPI use. Perceived risk and knowledge of infection did not increase the use of nondigital NPIs. Education and income were not significant factors, although female and older respondents demonstrated greater compliance. For the adoption of a phone tracking app, trust in government is important, as is urban residence, albeit with a lower use of the app compared to nondigital NPIs.

Conclusions
Voluntary compliance in the adoption of nondigital NPIs—if skillfully led by trusted scientific experts and in accord with societal norms—can be effectively achieved. We provide evidence that trust in government is effective in encouraging the use of the Japanese tracking app. Moreover, the technical efficacy of digital initiatives and perceptions of such will unsurprisingly affect citizen support and use of digital tools.