bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient Infrasound Noise, Station Performance, and Their Relation to Land Cover across Alaska
Authors: Macpherson Kenneth A. , Coffey Juliann R. , Witsil Alex J. , Fee David , Holtkamp Stephen , Dalton Scott , McFarlin Heather , West Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe addition of 108 infrasound sensors—a legacy of the temporary USArray Transportable Array (TA) deployment—to the Alaska regional network provides an unprecedented opportunity to quantify the effects of a diverse set of site conditions on ambient infrasound noise levels. TA station locations were not chosen to optimize infrasound performance, and consequently span a dramatic range of land cover types, from temperate rain forest to exposed tundra. In this study, we compute power spectral densities for 2020 data and compile new ambient infrasound low- and high-noise models for the region. In addition, we compare time series of root-mean-squared (rms) amplitudes with wind data and high-resolution land cover data to derive noise–wind speed relationships for several land cover categories. We observe that noise levels for the network are dominated by wind, and that network noise is generally higher in the winter months when storms are more frequent and the microbarom is more pronounced. Wind direction also exerts control on noise levels, likely as a result of infrasound ports being systematically located on the east side of the station huts. We find that rms amplitudes correlate with site land cover type, and that knowledge of both land cover type and wind speed can help predict infrasound noise levels. Our results show that land cover data can be used to inform infrasound station site selection, and that wind–noise models that incorporate station land cover type are useful tools for understanding general station noise performance.
Correlation of parity and age to services per conception, conception rate, and gestation length in Holstein Friesian cross cows
Authors: Ulfah Norma Amalia , Samik Abdul , Hariadi Mas’ud , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Hidanah Sri 
Published: April 2022

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. The contribution of domestic production only reaches about 23% of the total national milk consumption needs as a source of human nutrition. This study was aimed to identify the relationship between cow's parity and age to services per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), and gestation length (GL) of Holstein Friesian (HF) cross dairy cows. Data of this study consisted of primary data obtained from farmers interview, and secondary data from the Cooperative Unit of Argopuro village, Krucil, Probolinggo. Sample size was 200 cows, which was 10% of the total population. Data were analyzed for correlation and linear regression using the Statistic Package and Service Solution (SPSS) software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA) at a 95% confidence level. The average S/C, CR, and GL were 2.55 ± 1.57, 21%, and 278.19 ± 11.92 days, respectively. There was no significant correlation (p >0.05) between the parity with S/C, CR, and GL and the age with CR and GL. The only significant correlation (p <0.05) was between the age and S/C. Regression of S/C based on age followed the equation S/C = 0.104 + 0.407*age, with a correlation coefficient and determination coefficient of 0.733 and 0.538, respectively. It could be concluded that S/C could be predicted based on the age of the cows.
Interactions of Non-Nutritive Artificial Sweeteners with the Microbiome in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Harrington + Valerie , Lau + Lilian , Crits-Christoph + Alexander , Suez Jotham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Replacing sugar with non-nutritive artificial sweeteners (NAS) is a popular dietary choice for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. However, evidence in human trials is conflicted regarding the efficacy of this strategy and whether NAS may counterintuitively promote, rather than prevent, metabolic derangements. The heterogeneity in outcomes may stem in part from microbiome variation between human participants and across research animal vivaria, leading to differential interactions of NAS with gut bacteria. An increasing body of evidence indicates that NAS can alter the mammalian gut microbiome composition, function, and metabolome, which can, in turn, influence host metabolic health. While there is evidence for microbiome-mediated metabolic shifts in response to NAS, the mechanisms by which NAS affect the gut microbiome, and how the microbiome subsequently affects host metabolic processes, remain unclear. In this viewpoint, we discuss data from human and animal trials and provide an overview of the current evidence for NAS-mediated microbial and metabolomic changes. We also review potential mechanisms through which NAS may influence the microbiome and delineate the next steps required to inform public health policies.
Special Issue on Science of Soft Robots
Authors: Suzumori Koichi , Niiyama Ryuma , Fukuda Kenjiro , Nakajima Kohei 
Published: April 2022

The science of soft robots, or soft robotics, is currently one of the most active fields in robotics. While traditional robots consist of rigid bodies, powerful servomotors, and carefully coded programs to realize power, precision, and reliability, soft robots consist of soft and flexible bodies, actuators, and intelligence for adaptability. They are not rigid, but instead flexible toward their surroundings. These differences have the potential to make soft robotics a great new field in robotics.
A JSPS KAKENHI project “Science of Soft Robots” has been in progress in Japan since 2018. Part of this special issue is made in collaboration with this project. This special issue consists of 46 works in total: 2 review papers, 29 letters, and 15 papers. One review paper, 29 letters, and 3 research papers report research activities from the JSPS KAKENHI project, and the other review paper and 12 research papers have been contributed from outside the project. As this issue will make clear, the science of soft robots is a very interdisciplinary academic field, a collaboration of many researchers from various fields, such as mechanical/electrical engineering, computer science, material sciences, biology, zoology, medicine, and nursing, among others. We believe interdisciplinary work to be a key point for the exploration of soft robotics.
The editors thank all of the authors and reviewers of the contributions, and are confident that this special issue will greatly contribute to further progress in robotics.
Systematic organization of thin-bedded turbidites in ancient deep-marine levees: Possible evidence of rhythmic pulsing in turbidity currents
Authors: Cunningham Celeste M. , Arnott R. William C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Deep-marine levees are areally extensive features that border submarine channel systems and act to confine throughgoing sediment gravity flows. Compared to the adjacent channel, where episodes of erosion and bypass are commonplace, levees are mostly depositional features that experience little erosion, and therefore high preservation potential of individual beds, and as a consequence are generally assumed to provide a nearly continuous depositional record of sediment transport events down deep-marine slopes. Nevertheless, despite their size, volumetric prominence, and interpretive significance in the deep-marine sedimentary record, levees have received much less research attention compared to the adjacent channels.
Exceptionally well exposed levee deposits in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup are dominated by thin-bedded, upper-division turbidites that form sharply bounded bedsets typically comprising 2–10 beds with similar grain size, bed thickness, Tc and Td/e division thickness, number of sets of ripple cross-lamination per bed, and ripple height, width, and spacing; additionally, the lithological and dimensional characteristics of the component beds in a bedset change at similar rates and spatial position along depositional strike. Such similarity suggests that deposition of each bed in a bedset is not associated with separate flow events (i.e., turbidity current), but instead represent systematic and recurring pulses or surges during a single flow event with similar hydraulic and textural conditions as they overspilled the channel margin and spread over the levee. Additionally, pulses were of sufficiently low frequency to allow the accumulation of a Td/e layer at the top of each bed and at least partial consolidation of the underlying bed. Finally, studies that have monitored and evaluated the frequency of turbidity currents in modern deep-marine systems suggest that there are a smaller number of beds, and even fewer bedsets preserved in ancient levee deposits than flow events. This suggests that many flows do not travel far enough downslope, or are of insufficient height, to result in any significant deposition on the levee. The bulk of levee strata, therefore, is likely deposited by anomalously large, pulsing flows that deposit multiple beds, but occur only once every several hundred to even several thousand years.
An Analysis of Grid Orientation Effect on Steamflood Simulations
Authors: Li Xin , Jensen Clair , Mallison Brad , Milliken William 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Grid orientation effect (GOE) is the appearance of preferential flow along grid coordinate directions in numerical reservoir simulation. GOE is most evident in simulations with strong adverse mobility ratios, such as immiscible gas injection and steamfloods. Motivated by previous work, an eleven-point finite difference formulation for multiphase flow is investigated and found to reduce errors for steamfloods using structured grids. The eleven-point formulation is implemented in a parallel, fully-implicit reservoir simulator with thermal, black-oil and compositional formulations, and the implementation supports both local grid refinement (LGR) and dual-porosity, dual-permeability (DPDK) modeling. Systematic tests are performed for compositional steamflood cases with different grid resolutions and grid coordinate angles between wells. A comparison of seven and eleven-point formulation results, using different grid scales and hybrid unstructured grids, demonstrate that the eleven-point scheme is effective in mitigating GOE and can leverage the benefits of structured LGR and DPDK options. Using grid-refinement as a means of reducing GOE is case dependent and is not always successful. Additional results suggest that using grid refinement with local application of the eleven-point scheme around only the injector does help mitigate GOE with increased computational efficiency, but GOE is not reduced as well as when the eleven-point scheme is used in the entire grid-system.
Optimal Design of Deviation-Correction Trajectory Considering Inter-Well Interference
Authors: Dou Zijun , Qin Xing , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Jiansong , Meng Qingsheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the process of shale gas mining, if the actual well deviates from the planned trajectory, significant inter-well interference will occur. Therefore, in order to reduce production loss, operators want to get back on the planned trajectory economically. To obtain the best deviation-correction trajectory, an optimization model considering inter-well interference was established. Firstly, the function relation between production envelope and deviation distance is constructed to calculate the production loss. Then, based on the deviation-correction trajectory design, the deviation distance under different curvature trajectory is obtained. Finally, the production loss of different trajectory is obtained, and a new multi-objective optimization model for deviation-correction trajectory is established. Based on the field data of Fuling shale gas area in China, the established model is verified. The results show that the smaller the curvature value is, the greater the production loss occurs. When the curvature value exceeds 10.8°/30m, the production loss value remains minimal. With the same production loss, the longer the production time leads to the greater well profile energy. When the optimization objectives are considered comprehensively, a trajectory with lower well profile energy and higher production can be obtained. It is concluded that the established model can not only reduce the probability of drilling accidents but also achieve better shale gas production. This study fully considers various factors affecting horizontal well in shale gas area, which can provide theoretical guidance for the design of deviation-correction trajectory.
Geomechanic Interferometry: Theory and Application to Time-Lapse InSAR Data for Separating Displacement Signal Between Overburden and Reservoir Sources
Authors: Shabelansky Andrey Hanan , Nihei Kurt , Zhang Zhishuai , Bevc Dimitri , Milliken William , Mali Gwyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data provides a measurement of the Earth's surface displacements to monitor reservoir stresses, fluid pressure and volume changes. However, the InSAR measurements may suffer from poor sensitivity and resolution. To improve the sensitivity of the InSAR data and localize the effects of the near-surface overburden, we employ a Green's function retrieval (GFR) approach that uses time-lapse InSAR data. In this work, we derive the equations and compute the sensitivity between InSAR displacements caused by the reservoir changes with respect to observation points (i.e., virtual sources) at the surface. We present this method with time-lapse InSAR data from an oil field in the San-Joaquin Valley to demonstrate improved resolution of the GFR-InSAR measurements for subsurface imaging and continuous reservoir monitoring with applications to development, production, and subsurface integrity.
Water Production from Unconventional Reservoirs: Example from NE Elm Coulee Field - Bakken Formation
Authors: Branning Jan , Hoffman B. Todd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Production wells within the northeast (NE) Elm Coulee experience significantly higher water cuts than wells within Elm Coulee Proper. The increased water production has a negative economic impact on Bakken operators seeking to maximize profitability within the area. A reservoir engineering-based research project has been conducted to determine the source of the increased water production within the NE Elm Coulee, and to identify recommendations for operators to mitigate the water production related expenses in the area.
One option for the increased water production is from the water saturation within the matrix of the Middle Bakken Shale, and another possibility is from the Three Forks formation by vertical migration through natural fracture networks. Previous work has identified the presence of natural fracture systems within the Bakken that may be creating flow networks between stratigraphic layers. Numerous flow simulation models of the NE Elm Coulee were constructed to determine the source of the produced water. The reservoir models consist of three hydraulically fractured horizontal wells within the Middle Bakken Shale, and it incorporates the naturally fractured state of the Bakken through a discrete fracture network (DFN).
Various reservoir parameters were altered within the envelope of uncertainty to obtain a history match for the reservoir model to both scenarios, and the resulting parameters from the Middle Bakken saturation case are more realistic and produce better history matching results than the Three Forks water migration case. The Three Forks fracture model produces an unrealistically high volume of water, and the breakthrough pattern is not consistent with field measurements. Thus, the source of the increased water production appears to come from matrix water saturation within the Middle Bakken Shale.
Many relevant aspects of unconventional reservoir simulation are incorporated into the project; therefore, the methodology used in the research can help assist reservoir engineers that are modeling unconventional petroleum reservoir with stacked stratigraphic intervals. Modeling natural fractures and complex completion fracture networks using a DFN, pressure dependent permeability, and history matching in unconventional reservoirs are important topics that are discussed in the paper. Operators within the Bakken can use this information to better understand the geologic implications of producing in the area.
Feasibility of Bulk CO2-Foam Screening for Carbon Storage Evaluations at Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Yu Ying , Hanamertani Alvinda Sri , Korsah Paa Kow , Jiao Zunsheng , McLaughlin Jonathan Fred 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Utilizing foam techniques in carbon storage projects is of recent interest, yet whether the optimized bulk foam screening method could also identify the optimal foam formulation that improves the CO2 storage potential remains under-studied. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the bulk foam test as a screening stage to select a proper foaming agent for carbon storage by investigating the consistency of the results obtained from bulk foam properties measurements, dynamic foam performance evaluations in porous media, and the quantification of CO2 storage potential at the reservoir conditions. Different foaming agents were initially screened based on their abilities to generate ample and stable foam at 13.79 MPa and 90°C. The CO2 storage potential was studied based on the CO2 breakthrough deceleration and water displacement efficiency, while the dynamic performance of supercritical CO2-foams stabilized by these selected surfactants was then evaluated in Berea sandstone using the CO2/surfactant co-injection method. Among the tested surfactants in bulk CO2 foam experiments at high pressure and temperature conditions, a sultaine-based zwitterionic surfactant was identified to exhibit the highest foamability and foam stability. In flooding experiments, the selected surfactant was able to provide decent foam generation ability that leads to the best performance in improving the CO2 storage potential by two-fold magnitude, compared to the brine-saturated core case. Besides, an immediate foam generation was observed, providing high flow resistance for the injected CO2 and, therefore, resulting in controlled CO2 mobility and improved CO2 sweep efficiency. The result coherency from CO2 storage potential evaluations and foam performance assessments both in bulk and inside porous media shows the feasibility of the bulk foam screening method for the carbon storage studies. The initial identification of high-performing surfactants based on their bulk foaming properties can provide countable insights for CO2 storage potential improvement.
Heavy Oil Reservoir Management - Latest Technologies and Workflows
Authors: Aydin Hakki , Nagabandi Nirup , Temizel Cenk , Jamal Diyar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Successful heavy oil reservoir management practices, are built on analyzing and accurately predicting the reservoir behavior over time. To enable these practices, the critical component that assures their success is a thorough understanding of reservoir physics. Given the complex nature of heavy oil reservoirs including geomechanical properties, fluid flow behavior, etc., there is a need to develop a repeatable technique that can account for these complexities within an acceptable margin of accuracy. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of all the latest technologies and workflows developed for heavy oil reservoir management, so that, it can be used as a single source of reference for the industry.
The latest technologies for heavy oil reservoir management, their underlying principles, along with the advantages and limitations for each of the methods in real-world applications, have been reviewed from different parts of the globe. Based on this review, conclusions have been drawn that help select the best criteria for using the latest heavy oil reservoir management techniques.
The primary component of successfully applying heavy oil reservoir management methods, lies in accurately representing the reservoir physics. These components include petrophysical properties, fluid flow and geological properties of a given formation. In addition to outlining each of these components, an emphasis has been given to highlight the important criteria that enable the successful application of these methods to a given area. As such, the study will be an information repository catered to assist in developing robust reservoir management workflows for heavy oil reservoirs.
While there are other reference, with examples, on heavy oil reservoir management; the uniqueness of this study lies in summarizing key lessons learned from real-field applications of these methods. Within a single source or reference, this study has given the specific focus on summarizing various aspects that are important to successful heavy oil reservoir management processes.
Continuum Modelling of Cyclic Steam Injection in Diatomite
Authors: Smith J. Torquil , Sonnenthal Eric L. , Milliken William J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Steam injection in diatomite reservoirs results in permeability changes owing to fracture propagation, and compaction as a result of thermal effects and pressure changes during injection and production. The purpose of this work is to evaluate these coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes over several years of cyclic steam injection and production. A single well model in a diatomite reservoir was created to evaluate these processes at a higher resolution near wellbore than used in a 3-D reservoir-scale model.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Simulations include tensile failure, shear failure with simultaneous shear on multiple planes, coupling of porosity and permeability changes with multiphase flow, and diatomite compaction with temperature and effective stress. Initial isotropic horizontal stresses are 1.0375 of vertical (azimuthal average, part of San Joaquin Valley). Injection interval (437-528 m) pressure is fixed, 6.3 MPa, 930 psi (injection), and ~4 MPa (production), with a soak period between injection and production. Three degree dilation on shearing is assumed. To the extent that fracture opening is tensile, fractures close on fluid pressure drop, but shear components remain. Permeability changes due to mechanical failure are simulated using a cubic law.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
During injection over multiple cycles, the diatomite surrounding the well is heated to over 250 °C and pressurized by the injected steam. During soak (shut-in) and subsequent production, pressure drops, dropping the boiling point, inducing further vaporization. Geomechanical changes show tensile opening accompanied by a greater amount of shearing. Total shearing increases with each injection cycle, resulting in a greater porosity increase from shearing than tensile opening. Fracture propagation was limited to the diatomite reservoir and did not penetrate the caprock.

Novel/Additive Information
Inclusion of an empirical effective stress/temperature diatomite compaction law together with porosity and permeability changes due to mechanical failure more closely models the mechanics of cyclic steaming of diatomite.