bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Storage in Partially Exfoliated Magnesium Diboride Multilayers
Authors: Gunda Harini , Ray Keith G. , Klebanoff Leonard E. , Dun Chaochao , Marple Maxwell A. T. , Li Sichi , Sharma Peter , Friddle Raymond W. , Sugar Joshua D. , Snider Jonathan L. , Horton Robert D. , Davis Brendan C. , Chames Jeffery M. , Liu Yi‐Sheng , Guo Jinghua , Mason Harris E. , Urban Jeffrey J. , Wood Brandon C. , Allendorf Mark D. , Jasuja Kabeer , Stavila Vitalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal boride nanostructures have shown significant promise for hydrogen storage applications. However, the synthesis of nanoscale metal boride particles is challenging because of their high surface energy, strong inter‐ and intraplanar bonding, and difficult‐to‐control surface termination. Here, it is demonstrated that mechanochemical exfoliation of magnesium diboride in zirconia produces 3–4 nm ultrathin MgB2 nanosheets (multilayers) in high yield. High‐pressure hydrogenation of these multilayers at 70 MPa and 330 °C followed by dehydrogenation at 390 °C reveals a hydrogen capacity of 5.1 wt%, which is ≈50 times larger than the capacity of bulk MgB2 under the same conditions. This enhancement is attributed to the creation of defective sites by ball‐milling and incomplete Mg surface coverage in MgB2 multilayers, which disrupts the stable boron–boron ring structure. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the balance of Mg on the MgB2 nanosheet surface changes as the material hydrogenates, as it is energetically favorable to trade a small number of Mg vacancies in Mg(BH4)2 for greater Mg coverage on the MgB2 surface. The exfoliation and creation of ultrathin layers is a promising new direction for 2D metal boride/borohydride research with the potential to achieve high‐capacity reversible hydrogen storage at more moderate pressures and temperatures.
Recent Nanotechnologies to Overcome the Bacterial Biofilm Matrix Barriers
Authors: Lv Xinyi , Wang Leichen , Mei Anqing , Xu Yan , Ruan Xiaohong , Wang Wenjun , Shao Jinjun , Yang Dongliang , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBacterial biofilm‐related infectious diseases severely influence human health. Under typical situations, pathogens can colonize inert or biological surfaces and form biofilms. Biofilms are functional aggregates that coat bacteria with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The main reason for the failure of biofilm infection treatment is the low permeability and enrichment of therapeutic agents within the biofilm, which results from the particular features of biofilm matrix barriers such as negatively charged biofilm components and highly viscous compact EPS structures. Hence, developing novel therapeutic strategies with enhanced biofilm penetrability is crucial. Herein, the current progress of nanotechnology methods to improve therapeutic agents’ penetrability against biofilm matrix, such as regulating material morphology and surface properties, utilizing the physical penetration of nano/micromotors or microneedle patches, and equipping nanoparticles with EPS degradation enzymes or signal molecules, is first summarized. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and future implementations of engineered delivery systems to manage biofilm infections are presented in detail.
Bewertung klinischer Arzneimittelprüfungen durch Ethikkommissionen: Änderungen durch die neue EU-Verordnung 536/2014 (CTR) und nötige Harmonisierungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Raffauf-Seufert Claudia , Grass Guido 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungNach Wirksamwerden der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 536/2014 (Clinical Trials Regulation – CTR) des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates am 31.01.2022 hat sich das Antragsverfahren für klinische Prüfungen grundlegend geändert. In diesem Beitrag werden die grundlegenden Verfahrensänderungen und die daraus für Deutschland und insbesondere für die Ethikkommissionen folgenden Veränderungen dargestellt. Auf die Harmonisierungsbestrebungen der Ethikkommissionen auf der EU-Ebene wird eingegangen.Nach der neuen EU-Verordnung ist in Deutschland nur noch jeweils eine einzige Ethikkommission in die Genehmigung einer klinischen Arzneimittelprüfung eingebunden. Das bisherige Benehmensverfahren unter Einbeziehung mehrerer lokal zuständiger Ethikkommissionen wurde abgelöst. An dessen Stelle ist eine engere Zusammenarbeit der Ethikkommissionen mit den Bundesoberbehörden durch die Erstellung eines gemeinsamen Bewertungsberichts (Assessment-Report) sowie mit den anderen EU-Mitgliedsländern im Rahmen der Konsolidierung der jeweiligen länderspezifischen Anforderungen getreten. Der zuvor mit dem Benehmensverfahren einhergegangene regelmäßige gegenseitige Austausch der Ethikkommissionen hatte jedoch dazu beigetragen, Entscheidungskriterien, aber auch die Ermessensentscheidungen zu harmonisieren. Durch den Wegfall dieses Austauschs sind zum einen detailliertere Verfahrensempfehlungen erforderlich, aber auch regelmäßige andere Austauschmöglichkeiten, um die bereits bestehenden Harmonisierungen nicht nur beizubehalten, sondern auch weiter voranzutreiben. Der Arbeitskreis Medizinischer Ethik-Kommissionen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e. V. (AKEK) steht dazu als Vertretung der einzelnen Ethikkommissionen auch in intensivem Austausch mit Bundesoberbehörden, Antragstellern, anderen europäischen Ethikkommissionen und europäischen Institutionen.
Is the self-reporting of mental health problems sensitive to public stigma towards mental illness? A comparison of time trends across English regions (2009–19)
Authors: Gagné Thierry , Henderson Claire , McMunn Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The prevalence of mental health problems has rapidly increased over time. The extent to which this captures changes in self-reporting due to decreasing stigma is unclear. We explore this by comparing time trends in mental health and stigma-related indicators across English regions.

Methods
We produced annual estimates of self-reported mental disorders (SRMDs) across waves of the Health Survey for England (2009–18, n = 78,226) and three stigma-related indicators (knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviour) across waves of the Attitudes Towards Mental Illness survey (2009–19, n = 17,287). Differences in trends were tested across nine Government Office Regions using linear models, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, and social class.

Results
In 2009, SRMDs did not vary by region (p = 0.916), whereas stigma-related indicators did (p < 0.001), with London having the highest level of stigma and the North East having lowest level of stigma. Between 2009 and 2018, the prevalence of SRMDs increased from 4.3 to 9.1%. SRMDs increased and stigma-related indicators improved at different rates across regions over time (SRMDs p = 0.024; stigma-related indicators p < 0.001). London reported the lowest increase in SRMDs (+ 0.3 percentage point per year) yet among the largest improvements in attitudes and intended behaviour across regions.

Conclusions
Improvements in attitudes towards mental illness did not mirror changes in self-reported mental health problems across English regions over the past decade. The findings do not support the argument that changes in public stigma, at least when defined at this regional scale, have been driving the increase in self-reported mental health indicators in recent years.
Tropical representations and identities of the stylic monoid
Authors: Aird Thomas , Ribeiro Duarte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe exhibit a faithful representation of the stylic monoid of every finite rank as a monoid of upper unitriangular matrices over the tropical semiring. Thus, we show that the stylic monoid of finite rankngenerates the pseudovariety$$\varvec{{\mathcal {J}}}_n$$Jn, which corresponds to the class of all piecewise testable languages of heightn, in the framework of Eilenberg’s correspondence. From this, we obtain the equational theory of the stylic monoids of finite rank, show that they are finitely based if and only if$$n \le 3$$n≤3, and that their identity checking problem is decidable in linearithmic time. We also establish connections between the stylic monoids and other plactic-like monoids, and solve the finite basis problem for the stylic monoid with involution.
Cxcr3 constrains pancreatic cancer dissemination through instructing T cell fate
Authors: Burrack Adam L. , Spartz Ellen J. , Rollins Meagan R. , Miller Ebony A. , Firulyova Maria , Cruz Eduardo , Goldberg Michael F. , Wang Iris X. , Nanda Hezkiel , Shen Steven , Zaitsev Konstantin , Stromnes Ingunn M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal and metastatic malignancy resistant to therapy. Elucidating how pancreatic tumor-specific T cells differentiate and are maintained in vivo could inform novel therapeutic avenues to promote T cell antitumor activity. Here, we show that the spleen is a critical site harboring tumor-specific CD8 T cells that functionally segregate based on differential Cxcr3 and Klrg1 expression. Cxcr3+ Klrg1- T cells express the memory stem cell marker Tcf1, whereas Cxcr3-Klrg1 + T cells express GzmB consistent with terminal differentiation. We identify a Cxcr3+ Klrg1+ intermediate T cell subpopulation in the spleen that is highly enriched for tumor specificity. However, tumor-specific T cells infiltrating primary tumors progressively downregulate both Cxcr3 and Klrg1 while upregulating exhaustion markers PD-1 and Lag-3. We show that antigen-specific T cell infiltration into PDA is Cxcr3 independent. Further, Cxcr3-deficiency results in enhanced antigen-specific T cell IFNγ production in primary tumors, suggesting that Cxcr3 promotes loss of effector function. Ultimately, however, Cxcr3 was critical for mitigating cancer cell dissemination following immunotherapy with CD40 agonist + anti-PD-L1 or T cell receptor engineered T cell therapy targeting mesothelin. In the absence of Cxcr3, splenic Klrg1 + GzmB + antitumor T cells wain while pancreatic cancer disseminates suggesting a role for these cells in eliminating circulating metastatic tumor cells. Intratumoral myeloid cells are poised to produce Cxcl10, whereas splenic DC subsets produce Cxcl9 following immunotherapy supporting differential roles for these chemokines on T cell differentiation. Together, our study supports that Cxcr3 mitigates tumor cell dissemination by impacting peripheral T cell fate rather than intratumoral T cell trafficking.
How can I help you? Design principles for task-oriented speech dialog systems in customer service
Authors: Oesterreich Thuy Duong , Anton Eduard , Schuir Julian , Brehm Alexander , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganizations are increasingly delegating customer inquiries to speech dialog systems (SDSs) to save personnel resources. However, customers often report frustration when interacting with SDSs due to poorly designed solutions. Despite these issues, design knowledge for SDSs in customer service remains elusive. To address this research gap, we employ the design science approach and devise a design theory for SDSs in customer service. The design theory, including 14 requirements and five design principles, draws on the principles of dialog theory and undergoes validation in three iterations using five hypotheses. A summative evaluation comprising a two-phase experiment with 205 participants yields positive results regarding the user experience of the artifact. This study contributes to design knowledge for SDSs in customer service and supports practitioners striving to implement similar systems in their organizations.
Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometric changes following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: El-Naggar Heba M. , Osman Alaa S. , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Youssef Amr A. , Ahmed Tarek A. N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with left ventricular (LV) structural and functional consequences. We aimed to elucidate LV geometric changes following STEMI using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE) and to assess their functional implications using two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The study included 71 patients with STEMI who underwent baseline and 6-month follow-up 2D- and 3DE. Measured parameters included LV dimensions, biplane volumes, wall motion assessment, 2D LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), and 3D LV volumes, sphericity index and systolic dyssynchrony index. According to 3DE, LV geometric changes were classified as, adverse remodeling, reverse remodeling, and minimal LV volumetric changes. The occurrence of in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was assessed among the study population. The incidence of developing adverse remodeling was 25.4% while that of reverse remodeling was 36.6%. Adverse remodeling patients had significantly higher in-hospital MACE. Reverse remodeling was associated with significantly improved GLS, that was less evident in those with minimal LV geometric changes, and non-significant improvement for adverse remodeling group. LV baseline 2D GLS significantly correlated with follow-up 3D volumes among both reverse and adverse remodeling groups. Female gender and higher absolute GLS change upon follow-up were significantly associated with reverse remodeling. ROC-derived cutoff for adverse remodeling reallocated a substantial number of patients from the minimal change group to the adverse remodeling. Following acute STEMI, two-dimensional GLS was associated with and potentially predictive of changes in LV volumes as detected by three-dimensional echocardiography.
CircSTAM inhibits migration and invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating miR-148a-5p/PTEN axis
Authors: Chen Lingfeng , Yan Jinyu , Zhang Haiyan , Xu Jia , Chen Xiaopei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear. Exploring the molecular players in PE progression can provide insights into targeted therapy.

Methods
The expression levels of circSTAM in placental chorionic tissues of PE patients and normal pregnant women were compared by RT-qPCR. CircSTAM was knocked down by small interfering RNA to investigate its role in migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. The downstream target of circSTAM was predicted using online bioinformatics resources, and their molecular interaction was examined by luciferase reporter assay.

Results
CircSTAM was upregulated in PE placenta tissues in comparison to normal placental tissues. CircSTAM knockdown significantly enhanced cellular invasion, migration, as well as EMT. Mir-148a-5p was identified as a target of circSTAM to regulate cell migration and invasion. Mir-148a-5p negatively regulated PTEN expression in trophoblast HTR-8 /SVneo cells.

Conclusion
In summary, circSTAM upregulation in PE trophoblasts promoted the invasion, migration and EMT. CircSTAM may modulate trophoblast phenotype by impinging on mir-148a-5p/PTEN axis. These data provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of PE.
Deconvoluted DSC curves of intestinal muscle layer following warm and cold ischaemic injury
Authors: Ferencz Andrea , Vértes Zsuzsanna , Lőrinczy Dénes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasingly evidence seems that from the biological samples—mainly the summation of DSC scans of the human blood plasma—can be separated into main and well-known components by deconvolution method. This fact alone could be an important advance in thermoanalytical research, but mostly, it has not been detected in soft tissues yet. The other main reason was that in our previous studies, the histological examinations did not show any significant abnormalities in the intestinal wall muscle layer. Thus, the aim of current research was to measure the small intestinal muscular tissue scans by deconvolution method following different long warm and cold ischaemia animal experiments. Retrospectively, DSC curves obtained from the thermoanalysis of intestinal tissue in animal experiments investigated by deconvolution mathematical methods. Different warm ischaemic insults caused mild decrease after 3 and 6 h in Tm3 and Tm4 transitions in the myosin assigned transition and actin filament transition. After cold storage, the separated 5 melting components appeared in similar order, but the decreases were lesser than after warm ischaemia. Meanwhile, the calorimetric enthalpy which is a good monitor of intervention is decreased in a time-dependent manner after 1 and 3 h in warm and cold ischaemia cases. In contrast, the enthalpy increased above the control value after 6-h warm or cold tissue damage. These results confirmed that both warm and cold ischaemic injuries are detectable by deconvolution of DSC curves in the muscular intestinal layers.
Linearization-based state-transition model for the discrete extended Kalman filter applied to multibody simulations
Authors: Pyrhönen Lauri , Jaiswal Suraj , Garcia-Agundez Alfonso , García Vallejo Daniel , Mikkola Aki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the discrete extended Kalman filter as applied to multibody systems and focuses on accurate formulation of the state-transition model in the framework. The proposed state-transition model is based on the coordinate-partitioning method and linearization of the multibody equations of motion. The approach utilizes the synergies between the integration of states and estimator covariances without overly simplifying the integrator structure. The proposed method is analyzed with a forward dynamics analysis of a four-bar mechanism. The results show that the stability of the state-transition model in the forward dynamics analysis is significantly enhanced with the proposed method compared with the forward Euler-based methods. The computational efficiency of the novel method was significantly lower in comparison to forward Euler-based methods, which was found to be mainly due to the computation of the Jacobian matrix of the nonlinear state equation. However, the increase in computational cost can be considered acceptable in Kalman-filtering applications, where the exact Jacobian of the state equation is needed.
Dust in and Around the Heliosphere and Astrospheres
Authors: Sterken Veerle J. , Baalmann Lennart R. , Draine Bruce T. , Godenko Egor , Herbst Konstantin , Hsu Hsiang-Wen , Hunziker Silvan , Izmodenov Vladislav , Lallement Rosine , Slavin Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterstellar dust particles were discovered in situ, in the solar system, with theUlyssesmission’s dust detector in 1992. Ever since, more interstellar dust particles have been measured inside the solar system by various missions, providing insight into not only the composition of such far-away visitors, but also in their dynamics and interaction with the heliosphere. The dynamics of interstellar (and interplanetary) dust in the solar/stellar systems depend on the dust properties and also on the space environment, in particular on the heliospheric/astrospheric plasma, and the embedded time-variable magnetic fields, via Lorentz forces. Also, solar radiation pressure filters out dust particles depending on their composition. Charge exchanges between the dust and the ambient plasma occur, and pick-up ions can be created. The role of the dust for the physics of the heliosphere and astrospheres is fairly unexplored, but an important and a rapidly growing topic of investigation. This review paper gives an overview of dust processes in heliospheric and astrospheric environments, with its resulting dynamics and consequences. It discusses theoretical modeling, and reviews in situ measurements and remote sensing of dust in and near our heliosphere and astrospheres, with the latter being a newly emerging field of science. Finally, it summarizes the open questions in the field.
Short-term Runoff Prediction Optimization Method Based on BGRU-BP and BLSTM-BP Neural Networks
Authors: He Sheng , Sang Xuefeng , Yin Junxian , Zheng Yang , Chen Heting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRunoff forecasting is one of the important non-engineering measures for flood prevention and disaster reduction. The accurate and reliable runoff forecasting mainly depends on the development of science and technology, many machine learning models have been proposed for runoff forecasting in recent years. Considering the non-linearity and real-time of hourly rainfall and runoff data. In this study, two runoff forecasting models were proposed, which were the combination of the bidirectional gated recurrent unit and backpropagation (BGRU-BP) neural network and the bidirectional long short-term memory and backpropagation (BLSTM-BP) neural network. The two models were compared with the gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BGRU), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) models. The research methods were applied to simulate runoff in the Yanglou hydrological station, Northern Anhui Province, China. The results show that the bidirectional models were superior to the unidirectional model, and the backpropagation (BP) based bidirectional models were superior to the bidirectional models. The bidirectional propagation was conducive to improving the generalization ability of the model, and BP neural network could better guide the model to find the optimal nonlinear relationship. The results also show that the BGRU-BP model performs equally well as the BLSTM-BP model. The BGRU-BP model has few parameters and a short training time, so it may be the preferred method for short-term runoff forecasting.
Kulturelle Jugendbildung und Digitalität
Authors: Rohde Julia 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Wissen um die Einbindung von Heranwachsenden in die digitale Kultur wirft u. a. Fragen nach der Notwendigkeit und den Möglichkeiten des Einbezugs digitaler Medien in kulturelle Bildungsangebote auf. Entlang von empirischen Erkenntnissen zum Stand der Digitalisierung im Feld Kultureller Jugendbildung werden diese Fragen im Beitrag ausgelotet und diskutiert.
Valence framing induces cognitive bias
Authors: Iotzov Vassil , Weiß Martin , Windmann Sabine , Hein Grit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractValence framing effects refer to inconsistent choice preferences in response to positive versus negative formulation of mathematically equivalent outcomes. Here, we manipulate valence framing in a two-alternative forced choice dictator game using gains and losses as frames to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying valence framing. We applied a Drift-Diffusion Model (DDM) to examine whether gain (i.e., “take” money) and loss (i.e., “give” money) frames evoke a cognitive bias as previous research did not consistently reveal framing effects using reaction times and response frequency as dependent variables. DDMs allow decomposing the decision process into separate cognitive mechanisms, whereby a cognitive bias was repeatedly associated with a shift in the starting point of the model. Conducting both a laboratory (N = 62) and an online study (N = 109), female participants allocated money between themselves and another person in a prosocial or selfish way. In each study, one group was instructed to give money (give frame), the other to take money (take frame). Consistent with previous studies, no differences were found in response times and response frequencies. However, in both studies, substantial bias towards the selfish option was found in the take frame groups, captured by the starting point of the DDM. Thus, our results suggest that valence framing induces a cognitive bias in decision processing in women, even when no behavioral differences are present.