bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity patterns and function among adults in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Berner Karina , Tawa Nassib , Louw Quinette 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
A fifth of adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have multimorbid conditions, which are linked to socio-economic deprivation and aging. Multimorbidity is associated with high rates of functional problems and disability, increased healthcare utilization, and lower quality of life. Literature on multimorbidity and associations with function is mostly from high-income countries (HICs) and focused among older adults. Moreover, data regarding disease patterns and their impact on person-centered outcomes are limited. There is a need for research into understanding common patterns of multimorbidity, and their association with functional impairments, particularly in LMICs. Such information may contribute towards evidence-based and context-relevant strategic policy, planning, and delivery models for health and rehabilitation services, which is imperative in attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The planned scoping review aims to provide an overview of the scope and nature of existing literature on multimorbidity patterns and function among adults in LMICs.

Methods
A scoping review will be conducted using a five-step framework and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Scielo, Cochrane and Google Scholar will be conducted and updated from the last pilot search ran in September 2020. Studies of any design will be included if they are reported in English, published (between January 1976 and the last search date) in a peer-reviewed journal, and describe multimorbidity patterns and associations with physical functional impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions among adults in LMICs. Search results will be independently screened by two reviewers and data extraction will cover study characteristics, participants’ characteristics, multimorbidity measures, patterns analysis, and functional measures. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis will be used to synthesize and summarize findings.

Discussion
Patients with multimorbidity have unique and cross-cutting needs, hence the need for integrated and person-centered approaches to policy, planning, and delivery of medical and rehabilitation services. Considering the shift towards UHC and primary healthcare-led management of chronic diseases, the proposed scoping review is timely. Findings will provide insights into the current extent and scope of multimorbidity research, and guide future inquiry in the field.

Trial registration
Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/gcy7z/
Optimal transmission of messages in computer networks – an optimal control problem involving control-dependent time-delayed arguments
Authors: Wong Kar-hung , Lee Yu-chung Eugene , Lee Heung-wing Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we find the optimal transmission of messages in computer networks. This problem has been formulated as a nondelayed optimal control problem in several recent papers on TCP (transmission control protocol). Since the actual transmission of messages from origins to destinations should consist of both forward transmission delays of the buffers and latency of the links, we remodel the problem as a time-delayed optimal control problem consisting of both control-dependent time-delayed arguments and discrete time-delayed arguments. We then develop a modified control parameterization method for solving this time-delayed optimal control problem. The gradients of the new objective function and constraint functions generated by this modified control parametrization method are derived. A numerical example is solved by using the time-delayed version of the problem that we formulate, as well as the nondelayed version of the problem in the literature. Numerical results clearly illustrate the efficiency of the modified control parameterization method for solving both versions of this optimal transmission problem. Comparison of results of the two versions concerning the optimal transmission rates at the origins, the optimal output flow rates at the destination, and the queue sizes at the buffers are obtained. These comparison results clearly reflect how the optimal transmission of messages in computer networks in real life can be affected by both the forward transmission delays of the buffers and the latency of the links.
The Community-Based Medication-First program for opioid use disorder: a hybrid implementation study protocol of a rapid access to buprenorphine program in Washington State
Authors: Banta-Green Caleb J. , Owens Mandy D. , Williams Jason R. , Sears Jeanne M. , Floyd Anthony S. , Williams-Gilbert Wendy , Kingston Susan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious health condition that is effectively treated with buprenorphine. However, only a minority of people with OUD are able to access buprenorphine. Many access points for buprenorphine have high barriers for initiation and retention. Health care and drug treatment systems have not been able to provide services to all—let alone the majority—who need it, and many with OUD report extreme challenges starting and staying on buprenorphine in those care settings. We describe the design and protocol for a study of a rapid access buprenorphine program model in six Washington State communities at existing sites serving people who are unhoused and/or using syringe services programs. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a Community-Based Medication-First Program model.

Methods
We are conducting a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of a rapid access buprenorphine model of care staffed by prescribers, nurse care managers, and care navigators. The Community-Based Medication-First model of care was designed as a 6-month, induction-stabilization-transition model to be delivered between 2019 and 2022. Effectiveness outcomes will be tested by comparing the intervention group with a comparison group derived from state records of people who had OUD. Construction of the comparison group will align characteristics such as geography, demographics, historical rates of arrests, OUD medication, and health care utilization, using restriction and propensity score techniques. Outcomes will include arrests, emergency and inpatient health care utilization, and mortality rates. Descriptive statistics for buprenorphine utilization patterns during the intervention period will be documented with the prescription drug monitoring program.

Discussion
Results of this study will help determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Given the serious population-level and individual-level impacts of OUD, it is essential that services be readily available to all people with OUD, including those who cannot readily access care due to their circumstances, capacity, preferences, and related systems barriers.
Partial identification of nonlinear peer effects models with missing data
Authors: Madeira Carlos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines inference on social interactions models in the presence of missing data on outcomes. In these models, missing data on outcomes imply an incomplete data problem on both the endogenous variable and the regressors. However, getting a sharp estimate of the partially identified coefficients is computationally difficult. Using a monotonicity property of the peer effects and a mean independence condition of individual decisions on the missing data, I show partial identification results for the binary choice peer effect model. A Monte Carlo exercise then summarizes the computational time and the accuracy performance of the interval estimators under some calibrations.
Association of alcohol use and dietary lifestyle of commercial drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Edo Great Iruoghene , Nwosu Laurine Chikodiri 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol intake, particularly to cope up with stress and depression experienced by commercial drivers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, is alarming as a rise in sales has been reported in certain countries during the quarantine. Alcoholism leads to malnutrition, either because those involved consume an insufficient amount of essential nutrients or because alcohol and its metabolism prevent the body from properly absorbing, digesting, and using those nutrients. This study was carried out to assess the association of alcohol use and dietary lifestyle of commercial motor drivers during the pandemic.

Results
The anthropometric studies revealed that 69.5% of the respondents fall within the range of 18.5–24.49 indicating that they have normal weights. 63.5% reported daily consumption of alcohol, and 51% claimed that it does not affect their appetite, while 64.5% of the respondent stated that alcohol does not present them with any health problems. There was no significant association between the consumption of alcohol and nutritional status (p > 0.05), but a significant association between dietary lifestyle patterns and the nutritional status of participants was recorded (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
It is, therefore, essential that commercial drivers are given adequate information and guidance on improving their dietary lifestyle.
Giant right coronary artery aneurysm with vena cava superior fistula: a case report and radiological findings
Authors: van Grinsven Vincent , Binst Arizona , Rombouts Hans , Symons Rolf , De Praetere Herbert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Giant coronary artery aneurysms (GCAA) are a rare disease entity with an estimated incidence of 0.02%. Atherosclerosis is the most common underlying factor in adulthood. Management guidelines lack the support of large-scale studies.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 58-year-old Caucasian male with complaints of stable dyspnea who was found to have a GCAA of the right coronary artery (RCA). Further evaluation revealed an aneurysm of 5.0 cm in diameter with a tortuous course, fistulation to the distal vena cava superior, and mass effect on the left atrium. Surgical deroofing and ligation of the aneurysm with venous bypassing of the right coronary artery were performed. There were no postoperative complications. Cardiac function had improved at 1-month follow-up and remained improved at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Diagnosis and treatment strategy concerning GCAA remain challenging. Surgical treatment is advised in cases of giant aneurysms, multivessel disease, left main coronary artery (LMCA) involvement, mechanical complications (fistula, compression, or rupture), and concomitant valve surgery. Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for evaluation. However, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can add an important value for the clinician to assess myocardial viability and planning of surgical intervention.
Factors associated with single and multiple suicide attempts in adolescents attending school in Argentina: national cross-sectional survey in 2018
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: July 2022

Background
Factors associated with single suicide attempts (SSA) and multiple suicide attempts (MSA) may differ.

Aims
The study aimed to assess the factors associated with MSA in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts during the past 12 months in Argentina.

Method
National cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey in Argentina in 2018 were analysed. Students who reported having a history of suicide attempts in the past 12 months were included in the final sample (n = 8507). Students with MSA were compared with students with an SSA through multiple logistic regression.

Results
In a subsample of adolescents attending school (mean age 14.8 years, s.d. = 1.3), 59.4% had an SSA and 40.6% had MSA in the past 12 months. In the final adjusted logistic regression model, compared with participants with SSA, both male and female students with MSA more frequently had no close friends, reported feeling more lonely and had more anxiety-induced sleep disturbances. Furthermore, among female participants, having been physically attacked, having participated in physical fights, low parental support, current tobacco use and lifetime amphetamine use were associated with MSA. Among male students, multiple sexual partners were associated with MSA. Furthermore, among both boys and girls, compared with participants without psychosocial distress, participants with one, two, three or more psychosocial distress factors had higher odds of MSA. Compared with students with one or two social or environmental risk factors, students with seven or eight social or environmental risk factors had higher odds of MSA; compared with students who had zero or one health risk behaviours, students with six or more health risk behaviours had higher odds of MSA.

Conclusions
Psychosocial distress (anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, having no close friends and loneliness) increased the odds of MSA among both sexes. The odds of MSA were increased by interpersonal violence, low parental support and substance use among girls, and by having multiple sexual partners among boys. This suggests the potential relevance of these variables in identifying multiple suicide attempters among adolescents attending school in Argentina.
Time to re-evaluate the risks and benefits of valproate and a call for action
Authors: Howes Oliver D. , Barnes Thomas R. E. , Lennox Belinda R. , Markham Sarah , Natesan Sridhar 
Published: July 2022

SummaryValproate is widely used in psychiatry and neurology, including off-label use. Here we consider its potential benefits and risks, particularly for women of childbearing potential, and the evidence that clinical guidelines are adhered to. Finally, we consider the implications for clinical practice and research into its efficacy in off-label indications.
Multidimensional Molecular Profiling of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Benefit
Authors: Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Forman Juliet , Collier Katharine , Weber Zachary T. , Jammihal Tejas R. , Kao Katrina Z. , Richardson Edward T. , Keenan Tanya , Cohen Ofir , Manos Michael P. , Brennick Ryan C. , Ott Patrick A. , Hodi F. Stephen , Dillon Deborah A. , Attaya Victoria , O'Meara Tess , Lin Nancy U. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Rodig Scott , Winer Eric P. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Wu Catherine J. , Wagle Nikhil , Stover Daniel G. , Shukla Sachet A. , Tolaney Sara M. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE In metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), consistent biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy benefit remain elusive. We evaluated the immune, genomic, and transcriptomic landscape of mTNBC in patients treated with ICIs. METHODS We identified 29 patients with mTNBC treated with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab, either alone (n = 9) or in combination with chemotherapy (n = 14) or targeted therapy (n = 6), who had tumor tissue and/or blood available before ICI therapy for whole-exome sequencing. RNA sequencing and CIBERSORTx-inferred immune population analyses were performed (n = 20). Immune cell populations and programmed death-ligand 1 expression were assessed using multiplexed immunofluorescence (n = 18). Clonal trajectories were evaluated via serial tumor/circulating tumor DNA whole-exome sequencing (n = 4). Association of biomarkers with progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) was assessed. RESULTS Progression-free survival and OS were longer in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and tumor mutational burden. Patients with longer survival also had a higher relative inferred fraction of CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ memory T cells, M1 macrophages, and follicular helper T cells and enrichment of inflammatory gene expression pathways. A mutational signature of defective repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination was enriched in patients with both shorter OS and primary resistance. Exploratory analysis of clonal evolution among four patients treated with programmed cell death protein 1 blockade and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor suggested that clonal stability post-treatment was associated with short time to progression. CONCLUSION This study identified potential biomarkers of response to ICIs among patients with mTNBC: high tumor mutational burden; presence of CD8+, CD4 memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, and M1 macrophages; and inflammatory gene expression pathways. Pretreatment deficiencies in the homologous recombination DNA damage repair pathway and the absence of or minimal clonal evolution post-treatment may be associated with worse outcomes.
Characterization of Aldosterone-producing Cell Cluster (APCC) at Single-cell Resolution
Authors: Iwahashi Norifusa , Umakoshi Hironobu , Seki Tsugio , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E , Mukai Kuniaki , Suematsu Makoto , Umezawa Yuta , Oya Mototsugu , Kosaka Takeo , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Horiuchi Yutaka , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Nishimoto Koshiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
The adrenal cortex consists of zona glomerulosa (ZG), fasciculata (ZF), and reticularis. Aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCCs) that strongly express aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) are frequently found in adult adrenals and harbor somatic mutations that are also detected in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Primary aldosteronism is mainly caused by APAs or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). We presume that APCCs are causing IHA and are precursors of APAs. However, the gene expression characteristics and especially the development of APCCs are not well understood.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the transcriptome of APCCs at single-cell resolution and infer the developmental trajectory.

Methods
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 2 adult adrenals was performed.

Results
Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the 2 adrenals had APCCs. scRNA-seq data of 2928 adrenal cells were obtained and 1765 adrenocortical cells were identified based on unsupervised clustering and the marker gene expression. The adrenocortical cells were divided into 6 clusters, of which 3 clusters (923 cells) were composed of APCC/ZG cells. By further subclustering, the APCC/ZG cells were divided into 3 clusters (clusters C1, C2, and C3), we finally identified APCC cluster (C3) and ZG cluster (C1). Cluster C2 seemed to be ZG-to-ZF transitional cells. RNA velocity analysis inferred the developmental direction from cluster ZG-cluster-C1 to APCC-cluster-C3. The scRNA-seq additionally revealed that many CYP11B2-positive cells were positive for CYP11B1 and/or CYP17A1, which were essential for cortisol but not for aldosterone production.

Conclusions
Our results revealed the gene expression characteristics of APCC at single-cell resolution and show that some ZG cells remodel to APCC.
Grounds for Collective Action
Authors: Nishikawa Kinohi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Black Lives Matter movement experienced a groundswell of support in the summer of 2020. The scale of mobilization was staggering, with marches and rallies held in every corner of the country. Since then, support for the movement has dropped, and some see this as an indication that white support for Black Lives Matter was only ever fickle and thin. In May 2020 Percival Everett published a novel that contests the reduction of activist sentiment to social outcomes. Telephone tells the story of a Black man, Zach Wells, who struggles to come to terms with his daughter's terminal illness. As she deteriorates, Zach looks to be of help to someone, anyone, in need. An opportunity to do that comes in the form of an anonymous note in Spanish that he receives asking for help. At this juncture, the novel splits off into three narratives, each giving a distinct account of how feelings of loss and grief spur Zach to act on conviction and mobilize support for a cause. The narratives appear in three versions of Telephone, which the publisher released simultaneously. In a remarkable coincidence, this trivalent fiction limns summer 2020’s structure of feeling, where the strain of enduring COVID-19 restrictions intersected with the outrage of witnessing racial injustice. Telephone's versions show how activism can result from an admixture of motives and aims. Against the claim that support for Black Lives Matter was insincere, Telephone imagines the grounds for political action as particular to experience yet multiple in its trajectories.
Black Lives Matter and the Contemporary African Novel: Form and the Limits of Solidarity
Authors: Krishnan Madhu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In June 2020, a group of more than one hundred African writers published a statement of solidarity with the Black Lives Matter uprisings that emerged around the world in the wake of the murder of George Floyd. In this statement are a number of claims around the extension of Black internationalism and solidarities and the uneven—and sometimes uneasy—interrelation between the violence of white supremacy as evidenced in the United States and the larger violence of coloniality experienced globally today. This essay, taking these claims as its spark, explores how the contemporary African literary novel, as a form, registers a response to the historical degradation of Black lives under the colonial matrix of power, which, while often sympathetic with the analytic framework of Black Lives Matter, does not always cohere with it. Reading a broad range of texts, the essay argues that the ambivalent relationship to Black Lives Matter engendered in these works stems from a persistent cleaving of coloniality from an America-specific reading of white supremacy and violence against Black lives, which these texts sometimes perpetuate. Critics such as Ashleigh Harris and Sarah Brouillette have described the novel form in an African context as both “exhausted” and “residual,” inextricably implicated in the violence of neoliberalism. By drawing on comparative readings of non-novelistic work such as Marechera's House of Hunger and the Chimurenga Chronic, this essay concludes by considering the extent to which the ambivalence registered in the African literary novel is itself an inevitability of its own formal parameters and their entanglement with concepts of nation, extroversion/extraction, and coloniality.