bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-723 Lack of seasonal influence on fresh IVF/ICSI treatment outcomes. A population based nationwide registry study
Authors: Carlsson Humla E , Bergh C , Akouri R , Tsiartas P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Is there a seasonal influence on fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment outcomes?

Summary answer
Season does not seem to affect live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate or miscarriage rate after fresh IVF/ICSI treatment.

What is known already
Seasonal variations in human natural conception and birth rates are well described. However, the impact of seasonal variation on IVF outcomes has not yet been clarified and conflicting reports have been published.

Study design, size, duration
Nationwide, register-based cohort study including all first time fresh IVF/ICSI treatments (n = 52 788) leading to oocyte pick up (OPU) in Sweden between 2009 and 2018.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
First time fresh IVF/ICSI cycles leading to OPU were identified in the National Quality Registry of Assisted Reproduction (Q-IVF). Data collected included patient characteristics, information about the treatment cycle and pregnancy outcome. The patients were divided into season subgroups based on the date for OPU. The primary outcomes of the study were live birth per OPU and per embryo transfer (ET), clinical pregnancy per ET and miscarriage per clinical pregnancy. Logistic regression was performed.

Main results and the role of chance
The impact of seasons on the outcome of first time fresh IVF/ICSI cycles leading to OPU was assessed. A statistically significant overall seasonal influence was seen on live birth rate per OPU in the unadjusted analysis (p =0.036), where cycles performed in summer showed lower live birth rate (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97, p =0.004) compared with the other seasons. After adjustment for relevant confounders the overall impact of seasons on live birth rate was no longer statistically significant (p =0.10). Although post-hoc analyses still showed lower live birth rate in summer compared with the other seasons (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, p =0.019). The impact of seasons on clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and live birth rate was further assessed through the analysis of the first cycles where ET was performed. No overall statistically significant seasonal influence was seen on clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rates after adjustment for confounders.

Limitations, reasons for caution
Possible limitations are the retrospective design of the study and the lack of adjustment for other important confounders i.e. cause of infertility, not included in Q-IVF.

Wider implications of the findings
This large cohort study shows a lack of seasonal influence on live birth-, clinical pregnancy- and miscarriage rate after fresh IVF/ICSI treatment. In the clinical setting, season should not be taken into consideration when planning and performing fresh IVF/ICSI.

Trial registration number
non applicable
P-748 Cesarean scar defect does not predict embryo transfer outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gale J , Lanes A , Corran B , Bacal V , Nguyen V , Shmorgun D , Singh S.S , Walker M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Is the presence of a cesarean scar defect associated with live birth outcomes at the time of embryo transfer?

Summary answer
The presence of a cesarean scar defect is not predictive of live birth rates at the time of embryo transfer.

What is known already
Cesarean delivery is associated with subsequent impaired fertility, with lower pregnancy and live birth rates and longer inter-pregnancy intervals, compared to patients who delivered vaginally. Studies exploring pregnancy rates after IVF and embryo transfer also suggest lower pregnancy rates among patients with prior cesarean delivery. A postulated mechanism by which a prior cesarean delivery may impact fertility is the cesarean scar defect, and prior studies have shown a possible association between a scar defect and suboptimal outcomes.

Study design, size, duration
We retrospectively identified a patient cohort based out of the Ottawa Fertility Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, between 2013 and 2019.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
This retrospective cohort study included 317 patients with a prior cesarean delivery. Embryo transfer outcomes compared between the two groups based on the finding of a cesarean scar defect. The primary outcome was live birth rate, secondary outcomes of positive hCG, clinical intrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage rate. We fit a multivariate log binomial regression model with a priori variables for the primary and secondary outcomes, adjusting for patient and cycle characteristics.

Main results and the role of chance
There was no statistically significant difference in live birth rate among patients with a cesarean scar defect compared to those without, 28.0% vs 29.5% respectively (adjusted RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.68-1.35). There was no statistically significant difference in any of the secondary outcomes. Area of the defect and subgroup analysis of fresh vs frozen embryo transfer did not demonstrate any difference. Secondary analysis of patients with retroverted uterus had significantly lower live birth rates compared to those with an anteverted uterus, 17.7% vs 32.4%, respectively (adjusted RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91).

Limitations, reasons for caution
Although a multivariate log binomial model was used to adjust for clinically relevant confounders, there remains the possibility for residual confounding given the observational nature of our study.

Wider implications of the findings
The results of our study suggest that, after adjusting for patient and cycle characteristics, the presence of a cesarean scar defect may not impact live birth outcomes and secondary analysis of the impact of uterine retroversion requires more study.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
An Adaptable Flying Fish Robotic Model for Aero- and Hydrodynamic Experimentation
Authors: Saro-Cortes Valeria , Cui Yuhe , Dufficy Tierney , Boctor Arsanious , Flammang Brooke E , Wissa Aimy W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flying fishes (family Exocoetidae) are known for achieving multi-modal locomotion through air and water. Previous work on understanding this animal’s aerodynamic and hydrodynamic nature has been based on observations, numerical simulations, or experiments on preserved dead fish, and has focused primarily on flying pectoral fins. The first half of this paper details the design and validation of a modular flying fish inspired robotic model organism (RMO). The second half delves into a parametric aerodynamic study of flying fish pelvic fins, which to date have not been studied in-depth. Using wind tunnel experiments at a Reynolds number of 30,000, we investigated the effect of the pelvic fin geometric parameters on aerodynamic efficiency and longitudinal stability. The pelvic fin parameters investigated in this study include the pelvic fin pitch angle and its location along the body. Results show that the aerodynamic efficiency is maximized for pelvic fins located directly behind the pectoral fins and is higher for more positive pitch angles. In contrast, pitching stability is neither achievable for positive pitching angles nor pelvic fins located directly below the pectoral fin. Thus, there is a clear a trade-off between stability and lift generation, and an optimal pelvic fin configuration depends on the flying fish locomotion stage, be it gliding, taxiing, or taking off. The results garnered from the RMO experiments are insightful for understanding the physics principles governing flying fish locomotion and designing flying fish inspired aerial-aquatic vehicles.
Temperature Extreme Events Decrease Endocrine and Immune Reactive Scope in Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Authors: Lima Alan Siqueira , de Figueredo Aymam Cobo , Floreste Felipe Rangel , Garcia Neto Patrício Getúlio , Gomes Fernando Ribeiro , Titon Stefanny Christie Monteiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Currently, effects of increased atmospheric temperature, in the context of ongoing climate change, have been investigated in multiple organisms and levels of biological organization. While there has been a focus on the impacts of increased mean temperature, an emergent and equally important point is the consequences of recurrent exposure to extreme temperature events, simulating heat waves. This study investigated the effects of serial exposure to high temperatures on immune and endocrine variables before and after exposure to an acute secondary stressor in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). Adult males were divided into three groups and subjected to three thermal regimes: control (c; constant 22°C); experimental 1 (E1; kept at 22°C and exposed to 4 days of 30°C every 16 days); and experimental 2 (E2; kept at 22°C and exposed to 4 days of 30°C every 6 days). Blood samples were collected on the last day of key extreme heat events. Two weeks after the last extreme heat event, animals were subjected to restraint stress (1 h) and sampled again. Blood samples were used to determine neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, plasma bacterial killing ability, as well as, corticosterone and plasma testosterone levels. Overall, we found exposure to extreme heat events did not affect immune and endocrine variables over time. Meanwhile, the previous exposure to extreme heat events modulated the responsiveness to restraint. The amplitude of increased corticosterone plasma levels and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio in response to restraint decreased with the number of previous exposures to extreme heat events. These results suggest that exposure to extreme climatic events has hidden effects on bullfrog's stress response, expressed as diminished reactive scope to a novel stressor. This represents a highly deleterious facet of climate change since diminished responsiveness prevents proper coping with wildlife challenges.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at urban and rural sites in Kaduna State, Nigeria, during October/November 2021, immediately prior to detection of the Omicron variant
Authors: Chechet Gloria D , Kwaga Jacob K P , Yahaya Joseph , Noyes Harry , MacLeod Annette , Adamson Walt E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country. By November 2021 it had experienced three waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peer-reviewed seroprevalence data assessing the proportion of the Nigerian population that have been infected were extremely limited.

Methods
We conducted a serosurvey in one urban site (n = 400) and one rural site (n = 402) in Kaduna State, Nigeria between 11 October 2021 and 8 November 2021. Z-tests were used to compare seroprevalence across age groups, locations and sexes. T tests were used to determine whether age or household size are associated with seropositivity. Associations between seropositivity and recent history of common Covid-19 symptoms were tested using logistic regression.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 42.5% an 53.5% of participants at the urban and rural sites, respectively The overall age- and sex- stratified seroprevalence was 43.7% (42.2% for unvaccinated individuals). The data indicate an infection rate in Kaduna State ≥359-fold the rate derived from polymerase chain reaction-confirmed cases. In the urban site, seroprevalence among females and participants aged &lt;20 was lower than other groups. Reporting loss of sense of taste and/or smell was strongly associated with seropositive status. Associations with seropositivity were also found for the reporting of dry cough, fever, headache, nausea and sore throat.

Conclusions
This study provides baseline SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Kaduna State, Nigeria, immediately prior to the spread of the Omicron variant. It indicates that in October/November 2021, approximately 56% of the population did not have detectable antibodies, and population subgroups with particularly low seroprevalence remain. It highlights limitations in using PCR-confirmed cases to estimate infection rates. The data will inform public health strategies in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries with limited SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data.
Enhancing research data infrastructure to address the opioid epidemic: the Opioid Overdose Network (O2-Net)
Authors: Lenert Leslie A , Zhu Vivienne , Jennings Lindsey , McCauley Jenna L , Obeid Jihad S , Ward Ralph , Hassanpour Saeed , Marsch Lisa A , Hogarth Michael , Shipman Perry , Harris Daniel R , Talbert Jeffery C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Opioid Overdose Network is an effort to generalize and adapt an existing research data network, the Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT) Network, to support design of trials for survivors of opioid overdoses presenting to emergency departments (ED). Four institutions (Medical University of South Carolina [MUSC], Dartmouth Medical School [DMS], University of Kentucky [UK], and University of California San Diego [UCSD]) worked to adapt the ACT network. The approach that was taken to enhance the ACT network focused on 4 activities: cloning and extending the ACT infrastructure, developing an e-phenotype and corresponding registry, developing portable natural language processing tools to enhance data capture, and developing automated documentation templates to enhance extended data capture. Overall, initial results suggest that tailoring of existing multipurpose federated research networks to specific tasks is feasible; however, substantial efforts are required for coordination of the subnetwork and development of new tools for extension of available data. The initial output of the project was a new approach to decision support for the prescription of naloxone for home use in the ED, which is under further study within the network.
Urinary Excretion Profile of Cannabinoid Analytes Following Acute Administration of Oral and Vaporized Cannabis in Infrequent Cannabis Users
Authors: Sholler Dennis J , Zamarripa C Austin , Spindle Tory R , Martin Erin L , Kuntz David , Vandrey Ryan , Grabenauer Megan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraditionally, smoking has been the predominant method for administering cannabis, but alternative routes of administration have become more prevalent. Additionally, research examining urinary cannabinoid excretion profiles has primarily focused on 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC-COOH), a metabolite of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), as the primary analyte. The aim of the current study was to characterize the urinary excretion profile of ∆9-THC-COOH, ∆9-THC, ∆8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8-THC), 11-hydroxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-∆9-THC), ∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), 11-nor-∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin-9-carboxlic acid (THCV-COOH), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN) and 8,11-dihydroxytetrahydrocannabinol (8,11-diOH-∆9-THC) following controlled administration of both oral and vaporized cannabis. Participants (n = 21, 11 men/10 women) who were infrequent cannabis users ingested cannabis-containing brownies (0, 10 and 25 mg ∆9-THC) and inhaled vaporized cannabis (0, 5 and 20 mg ∆9-THC) across six double-blind outpatient sessions. Urinary concentrations of ∆9-THC analytes were measured at baseline and for 8 h after cannabis administration. Sensitivity, specificity and agreement between the three immunoassays (IAs) for ∆9-THC-COOH (cutoffs of 20, 50 and 100 ng/mL) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) analyses (confirmatory cutoff concentrations of 15 ng/mL) were assessed. Urinary concentrations for ∆9-THC-COOH, ∆9-THC, 11-OH-∆9-THC, THCV, CBN and 8,11-diOH-∆9-THC all peaked at 5–6 h and 4 h following oral and vaporized cannabis administration, respectively. At each active dose, median maximum concentrations (Cmax) for detected analytes were quantitatively higher after oral cannabis administration compared to vaporized. Using current recommended federal workplace drug-testing criteria (screening via IA with a cutoff of ≥50 ng/mL and confirmation via LC–MS-MS at a cutoff of ≥15 ng/mL), urine specimens tested positive for ∆9-THC-COOH in 97.6% of oral sessions and 59.5% of vaporized sessions with active ∆9-THC doses. These data indicate that while ∆9-THC-COOH may serve as the most consistent confirmatory analyte under the current drug-testing guidelines, future work examining 11-OH-∆9-THC under similar parameters could yield an alternative analyte that may be helpful in distinguishing between licit and illicit cannabis products.
Xylazine: Pharmacology Review and Prevalence and Drug Combinations in Forensic Toxicology Casework
Authors: Kacinko Sherri L , Mohr Amanda L A , Logan Barry K , Barbieri Edward J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Xylazine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist used in veterinary medicine for its sedative and muscle-relaxant effects, has been reported in forensic toxicology casework since the 1980s. It is not approved for human use, but it is used as an adulterant in heroin and illicit fentanyl. The prevalence and concentrations of xylazine in 2.5 years (January 2019–June 2021) of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and medico-legal death investigation (MDI) cases was investigated, including other drugs detected in combination with xylazine. Of over 170,000 cases screened for xylazine, 97% were classified as MDI. Over the course of the study period, the prevalence and geographical spread of xylazine increased. Overall, 2.8% of DUID and 2.1% of MDI cases screened positive for xylazine with concentrations of 5.1–450 ng/mL (mean = 36 ng/mL) and 5.0–11,000 ng/mL (mean = 41 ng/mL), respectively. Two MDI cases which had xylazine concentrations of 9,100 and 11,000 ng/mL were drug overdose suicides that did not involve any opioids. Opioids, primarily fentanyl and/or a fentanyl byproduct/metabolite were detected in 100% of DUID and all but two MDI cases. After opioids, stimulants, phyto-cannabinoids and benzodiazepines were the most common drug classes detected in conjunction with xylazine in both DUID and MDI casework. In summary, xylazine exposure continues to increase, mostly through the adulteration of illicit opioids. There is an extensive overlap in the concentrations between living and deceased individuals, making it difficult to interpret the role of the drug in MDI or DUID cases without other case information.
Machine learning synthetic spectra for probabilistic redshift estimation: SYTH-Z
Authors: Ramachandra Nesar , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Alarcon Alex , Fadikar Arindam , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Photometric redshift estimation algorithms are often based on representative data from observational campaigns. Data-driven methods of this type are subject to a number of potential deficiencies, such as sample bias and incompleteness. Motivated by these considerations, we propose using physically motivated synthetic spectral energy distributions in redshift estimation. In addition, the synthetic data would have to span a domain in colour-redshift space concordant with that of the targeted observational surveys. With a matched distribution and realistically modelled synthetic data in hand, a suitable regression algorithm can be appropriately trained; we use a mixture density network for this purpose. We also perform a zero-point recalibration to reduce the systematic differences between noise-free synthetic data and the (unavoidably) noisy observational data sets. This new redshift estimation framework, syth-z, demonstrates superior accuracy over a wide range of redshifts compared to baseline models trained on observational data alone. Approaches using realistic synthetic data sets can therefore greatly mitigate the reliance on expensive spectroscopic follow-up for the next generation of photometric surveys.
A force explosion condition for spherically symmetric core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Gogilashvili Mariam , Murphy Jeremiah W 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding which stars explode leaving behind neutron stars and which stars collapse forming black holes remains a fundamental astrophysical problem. We derive an analytic explosion condition for spherically symmetric core-collapse supernovae. The derivation starts with the exact governing equations, considers the balance of integral forces, includes the important dimensionless parameters, and includes an explicit set of self-consistent approximations. The force explosion condition is $\tilde{L}_\nu \tau _g - 0.06 \tilde{\kappa } \gt 0.38$, and only depends upon two dimensionless parameters. The first compares the neutrino power deposited in the gain region with the accretion power, $\tilde{L}_\nu \tau _g = L_{\nu } \tau _g R_{\rm NS}/ (G \dot{M} M_{\rm NS})$. The second, $\tilde{\kappa } = \kappa \dot{M} / \sqrt{G M_{\rm NS} R_{\rm NS}}$, parametrizes the neutrino optical depth in the accreted matter near the neutron star surface. Over the years, many have proposed approximate explosion conditions: the critical neutrino-luminosity, ante-sonic, and time-scale conditions. We are able to derive these other conditions from the force explosion condition, which unifies them all. Using numerical, steady-state and fully hydrodynamic solutions, we test the explosion condition. The success of these tests is promising in two ways. One, the force explosion condition helps to illuminate the underlying physics of explosions. Two, this condition may be a useful explosion diagnostic for more realistic, three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic core-collapse simulations.
The MOSDEF-LRIS survey: connection between galactic-scale outflows and the properties of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies
Authors: Weldon Andrew , Reddy Naveen A , Topping Michael W , Shapley Alice E , Sanders Ryan L , Du Xinnan , Price Sedona H , Kriek Mariska , Coil Alison L , Siana Brian , Mobasher Bahram , Fetherolf Tara , Shivaei Irene , Rezaee Saeed 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the conditions that facilitate galactic-scale outflows using a sample of 155 typical star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 drawn from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. The sample includes deep rest-frame UV spectroscopy from the Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS), which provides spectral coverage of several low-ionization interstellar (LIS) metal absorption lines and Lyα emission. Outflow velocities are calculated from the centroids of the LIS absorption and/or Lyα emission, as well as the highest velocity component of the outflow from the blue wings of the LIS absorption lines. Outflow velocities are found to be marginally correlated or independent of galaxy properties, such as star-formation rate (SFR) and star-formation rate surface density (ΣSFR). Outflow velocity scales with SFR as a power-law with index 0.24, which suggests that the outflows may be primarily driven by mechanical energy generated by supernovae explosions, as opposed to radiation pressure acting on dusty material. On the other hand, outflow velocity and ΣSFR are not significantly correlated, which may be due to the limited dynamic range of ΣSFR probed by our sample. The relationship between outflow velocity and ΣSFR normalized by stellar mass (ΣsSFR), as a proxy for gravitational potential, suggests that strong outflows (e.g. &gt; 200 km s−1) become common above a threshold of log(ΣsSFR/$\rm {yr}^{-1}\ \rm {kpc}^{-2}$) ∼ −11.3, and that above this threshold, outflow velocity uncouples from ΣsSFR. These results highlight the need for higher resolution spectroscopic data and spatially resolved imaging to test the driving mechanisms of outflows predicted by theory.