bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G2/M arrest and mitotic slippage induced by fenbendazole in canine melanoma cells
Authors: Kim Sehoon , Perera Shashini Kanchanamala , Choi Seo‐In , Rebhun Robert B. , Seo Kyoung‐won 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of fenbendazole (FBZ) in terminal cancer patients has recently increased, as anthelminthic drugs, such as FBZ and benzimidazole, exhibit anti‐tubulin effects in tumour cells.ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the in vitro anti‐cancer effects of FBZ in five canine melanoma cell lines originating from the oral cavity (UCDK9M3, UCDK9M4, UCDK9M5, KMeC and LMeC).MethodsFive canine melanoma cell lines were treated with FBZ and analysed with cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining to identify apoptotic effect, cell cycle arrest, microtubule disruption and mitotic slippage.ResultsCell viability was reduced in all melanoma cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner after FBZ treatment. Through cell cycle analysis, G2/M arrest and mitotic slippage were identified, which showed a time‐dependent change. All treatment concentrations induced increased cleaved PARP signals in western blot analysis compared to the control groups. Immunofluorescence of cells treated for 24 h revealed defects in microtubule structure, multinucleation or macronucleation. With the exception of UCDK9M3, the melanoma cells showed mitotic slippage and post‐slippage death, indicative of mitotic catastrophe.ConclusionsThese results indicate that FBZ exhibits anti‐cancer effects in vitro against canine melanoma cells; however, further in vivo studies regarding the clinical applications of FBZ are required.
The Evolution of Japan’s Peacekeeping Policy 1992–2012
Authors: Fujishige Hiromi Nagata , Uesugi Yuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we will provide an overview of the evolution of Japan’s peacekeeping policy from the enactment of the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act in 1992 to the era before the return of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2012 (we will also briefly mention more recent issues where relevant). The chapter consists of three sections. First, we will outline Japan’s experiences with personnel contribution to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs) and other related activities. For this purpose, we will pay particular attention to Japan’s policy concept of International Peace Cooperation (IPC), in which UNPKO participation is embedded. Because the two variations of IPC (narrow vs. broad) coexist within the Government of Japan (GoJ) policy framework, we will evaluate its actual performance within these respective categories. Second, we will trace how Japan tried to follow the trends of “robustness” and “integration” from the early 1990s to 2012. Above all, we will investigate how the fifth item of the Five Principles, namely the restriction on the use of weapons only for self-preservation, caused practical problems for the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) peacekeepers on the ground, widening the gap between Japan and the international standard. Lastly, however, we will summarize how political realignment and shifts in public opinion were related to the decline of anti-militarism, which once restrained Japan’s UNPKO participation.
South Sudan: The SDF and “Protection of Civilians”
Authors: Fujishige Hiromi Nagata , Uesugi Yuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Japan Engineering Groups (JEG) deployment to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) from 2012 to 2017 exhibited consecutive aspects of “integration” and “robustness.” During the first two years, Japan’s method of “integration,” or the “All Japan” approach, fit well with UNMISS’s focus on statebuilding. It yielded various outcomes, not only in the restoration of facilities and infrastructure (e.g., road construction) but also in the nonengineering support provided to the locals (e.g., job training). With the outbreak of de facto civil war in December 2013, however, UNMISS’s top priority moved from statebuilding to Protection of Civilians (PoC), thereby intensifying inclinations toward “robustness.” Afterward, the JEG mostly focused on the construction of a PoC site, that is, a shelter for evacuated locals and internally displaced people. While security in South Sudan continued to deteriorate, the amendment to the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act as part of the 2015 Peace and Security Legislation enabled the Government of Japan (GoJ) to assign the JEG to partial security missions, such as the “coming-to-aid” duty. In the end, however, the GoJ abruptly withdrew the JEG in May 2017, thereby discontinuing the series of SDF deployments to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations since 1992.
Conclusion: Japan’s Search for a New Direction in Peacekeeping
Authors: Fujishige Hiromi Nagata , Uesugi Yuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFirst, this chapter will briefly review the contents of each previous chapter. Chapter 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_2 examined the historical background from the immediate aftermath of World War II to the establishment of the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act in 1992. Chapter 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_3 considered the evolution of Japan’s peacekeeping policy under the PKO Act from 1992 to 2012. Chapter 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_4 investigated the transformation of Japan’s peacekeeping policy under the second Abe administration, especially during the period from 2013 to 2017. Chapters 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_5, 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_6, 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_7, and 10.1007/978-3-030-88509-0_8 considered the cases of Cambodia, East Timor, Haiti, and South Sudan respectively. Second, this chapter will analyze the consequences of Japan’s pursuit of the trends of “robustness” and “integration.” Third, we will consider possible explanations behind the withdrawal of the Japan Engineering Groups from South Sudan in 2017. Fourth, we will demonstrate that troop deployment to the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs) has become commonly difficult for the Global North countries, causing a shift in focus away from personnel contributions to more material UNPKO commitments. Fourth, this chapter will illustrate how the Global North is still trying to make personnel contributions to UNPKOs wherever possible. Lastly, we will discuss what Japan can do from now on in its peacekeeping policy, or more broadly its International Peace Cooperation commitment.
Real corrections to Higgs boson pair production at NNLO in the large top quark mass limit
Authors: Davies Joshua , Herren Florian , Mishima Go , Steinhauser Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider the next-to-next-to-leading order total cross section of Higgs boson pair production in the large top quark mass limit and compute four expansion terms in 1/$$ {m}_t^2 $$mt2. To this end, we analytically compute the real-virtual and double-real contributions to the total cross section and combine them with the existing virtual contribution. Good convergence is observed below the top quark threshold, which makes our results a valuable input for approximation methods which aim for next-to-next-to-leading order corrections over the whole kinematic range. We present details on various steps of our calculation; in particular, we provide results for three- and four-particle phase-space master integrals and describe in detail the evaluation of the collinear counterterms.
Unlocking digital archives: cross-disciplinary perspectives on AI and born-digital data
Authors: Jaillant Lise , Caputo Annalina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCo-authored by a Computer Scientist and a Digital Humanist, this article examines the challenges faced by cultural heritage institutions in the digital age, which have led to the closure of the vast majority of born-digital archival collections. It focuses particularly on cultural organizations such as libraries, museums and archives, used by historians, literary scholars and other Humanities scholars. Most born-digital records held by cultural organizations are inaccessible due to privacy, copyright, commercial and technical issues. Even when born-digital data are publicly available (as in the case of web archives), users often need to physically travel to repositories such as the British Library or the Bibliothèque Nationale de France to consult web pages. Provided with enough sample data from which to learn and train their models, AI, and more specifically machine learning algorithms, offer the opportunity to improve and ease the access to digital archives by learning to perform complex human tasks. These vary from providing intelligent support for searching the archives to automate tedious and time-consuming tasks. In this article, we focus on sensitivity review as a practical solution to unlock digital archives that would allow archival institutions to make non-sensitive information available. This promise to make archives more accessible does not come free of warnings for potential pitfalls and risks: inherent errors, "black box" approaches that make the algorithm inscrutable, and risks related to bias, fake, or partial information. Our central argument is that AI can deliver its promise to make digital archival collections more accessible, but it also creates new challenges - particularly in terms of ethics. In the conclusion, we insist on the importance of fairness, accountability and transparency in the process of making digital archives more accessible.
Computational modelling of dynamic recrystallisation of Ni-based superalloy during linear friction welding
Authors: Okeke Saviour I. , Harrison Noel M. , Tong Mingming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLinear friction welding (LFW) is an advanced joining technology used for manufacturing and repairing complex assemblies like blade integrated disks (blisks) of aeroengines. This paper presents an integrated multiphysics computational modelling for predicting the thermomechanical-microstructural processes of IN718 alloy (at the component-scale) during LFW. Johnson–Mehl–Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model was implemented for predicting the dynamic recrystallisation of γ grain, which was coupled with thermomechanical modelling of the LFW process. The computational modelling results of this paper agree well with experimental results from the literature in terms of γ grain size and weld temperature. Twenty different LFW process parameter configurations were systematically analysed in the computations by using the integrated model. It was found that friction pressure was the most influential process parameter, which significantly affected the dynamic recrystallisation of γ grains and weld temperature during LFW. The integrated multiphysics computational modelling was employed to find the appropriate process window of IN718 LFW.
Interventional recanalization therapy in patients with non-cirrhotic, non-malignant portal vein thrombosis: comparison between transjugular versus transhepatic access
Authors: Mansour Nabeel , Öcal Osman , Gerwing Mirjam , Köhler Michael , Deniz Sinan , Heinzow Hauke , Steib Christian , Angele Martin K. , Seidensticker Max , Ricke Jens , Wildgruber Moritz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the safety and outcome of transjugular versus percutaneous technique in recanalization of non-cirrhotic, non-malignant portal vein thrombosis.

Methods
We present a retrospective bicentric analysis of 21 patients with non-cirrhotic, non-malignant PVT, who were treated between 2016 and 2021 by interventional recanalization via different access routes (percutaneous [PT] vs. transjugular in transhepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS] technique). Complication rates with a focus on periprocedural bleeding and patency as well as outcome were compared.

Results
Of the 21 patients treated (median age 48 years, range of 19–78), seven (33%) patients had an underlying prothrombotic condition. While 14 (57%) patients were treated for acute PVT, seven (43%) patients had progressive thrombosis with known chronic PVT. Nine patients underwent initial recanalization via PT access and twelve via TIPS technique. There was no significant difference in complete technical success rate according to initial access route (55.5% in PT group vs. 83.3% in TIPS group, p = 0.331). However, creation of an actual TIPS was associated with higher technical success in restoring portal venous flow (86.6% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.030). 13 (61.9%) patients received thrombolysis. Nine (42.8%) patients experienced hemorrhagic complications. In a multivariate analysis, thrombolysis (p = 0.049) and PT access as the first procedure (p = 0.045) were significant risk factors for bleeding.

Conclusion
Invasive recanalization of the portal vein in patients with PVT and absence of cirrhosis and malignancy offers a good therapeutic option with high recanalization and patency rates. Bleeding complications result predominantly from a percutaneous access and high amounts of thrombolytics used; therefore, recanalization via TIPS technique should be favored.
The ‘critical trochanter angle’ does not show superiority over the CCD angle in predicting varus stem alignment in cementless short-stem total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Luger Matthias , Feldler Sandra , Pisecky Lorenz , Allerstorfer Jakob , Gotterbarm Tobias , Klasan Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Varus positioning of the femoral stem can affect the hip offset (HO). The critical trochanter angle (CTA) was introduced in 2019 as a novel geometric angle, to predict varus stem alignment in cementless straight stem THA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the CTA as a predictor for stem alignment in THA with a cementless neck resecting short stem.

Patients and methods
In this retrospective study, 106 patients (index surgery 2014–2019) with unilateral THA and a morphologically healthy contralateral hip as a reference (Kellgren–Lawrence ≤ 1) were included. A cementless short stem with meta-diaphyseal fixation and press-fit cup was implanted in all cases. Stem alignment, CCD angle, CTA and offset reconstruction were measured on preoperative and 3 months postoperative AP radiographs of the pelvis.

Results
Preoperative lower CTA and lower CCD angle were positively correlated (r = 0.472; p < 0.001). Higher varus stem alignment is correlated with lower CTA (r = − 0.384; p < 0.001) and lower CCD angle (r = − 0.474; p < 0.001). A CTA of 23.1° or lower showed a sensitivity of 59.1% and a specificity of 87.1% (AUC: 0.733) and a CCD angle of 132.75° or lower a sensitivity of 68.2% and a specificity of 80.6% (AUC: 0.77) for a varus stem alignment > 3°.

Conclusion
The CTA is also applicable in cementless THA with a neck resecting short stem to evaluate risk of intraoperative varus stem positioning. The CCD angle shows higher sensitivity with marginally lower specificity. Therefore, the CTA is not superior in predicting varus stem alignment in short-stem THA.

Level of evidence
IV.
Cutoff profile of ASEP on a segment
Authors: Bufetov Alexey , Nejjar Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the mixing behavior of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) on a segment of length N. Our main result is that for particle densities in (0, 1), the total-variation cutoff window of ASEP is $$N^{1/3}$$

N

1
/
3

and the cutoff profile is $$1-F_{\mathrm {GUE}},$$

1
-

F
GUE

,

where $$F_{\mathrm {GUE}}$$

F
GUE

is the Tracy-Widom distribution function. This also gives a new proof of the cutoff itself, shown earlier by Labbé and Lacoin. Our proof combines coupling arguments, the result of Tracy–Widom about fluctuations of ASEP started from the step initial condition, and exact algebraic identities coming from interpreting the multi-species ASEP as a random walk on a Hecke algebra.
A research framework for the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030)
Authors: Keating N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mission of UN Decade of Healthy Ageing (2020–2030) is to improve the lives of older people, their families and their communities. In this paper, we create a conceptual framework and research agenda for researchers to knowledge to address the Decade action items. The framework builds on the main components of healthy ageing: Environments (highlighting society and community) across life courses (of work and family) toward wellbeing (of individuals, family members and communities). Knowledge gaps are identified within each area as priority research actions. Within societal environments, interrogating beliefs about ageism and about familism are proposed as a way to illustrate how macro approaches to older people influence their experiences. We need to interrogate the extent to which communities are good places to grow old; and whether they have sufficient resources to be supportive to older residents. Further articulation of trajectories and turning points across the full span of work and of family life courses is proposed to better understand their diversities and the extent to which they lead to adequate financial and social resources in later life. Components of wellbeing are proposed to monitor improvement in the lives of older people, their families and communities. Researcher priorities can be informed by regional and national strategies reflecting Decade actions.
Designing a Co-creation System for the Development of Work-process-related Learning Material in Manufacturing
Authors: Weinert Tim , Billert Matthias , de Gafenco Marian Thiel , Janson Andreas , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing digitalization and automatization in the manufacturing industry as well as the need to learn on the job has reinforced the need for much more granular learning, which has not yet impacted the design of learning materials. In this regard, granular learning concepts require situated learning materials to support self-directed learning in the workplace in a targeted manner. Co-creation approaches offer promising opportunities to support employees in the independent design of such situated learning materials. Using an action-design research (ADR) approach, we derived requirements from co-creation concepts and practice by conducting focus group workshops in manufacturing and vocational training schools to develop design principles for a co-creation system that supports employees through the creation process of work-process-related learning material. Consequently, we formulate four design principles for the design of a collaborative learning and qualification system for manufacturing. Using an innovative mixed methods approach, we validate these design principles and design features to demonstrate the success of the developed artifact. The results provide insights regarding the design of a co-creation system to support learners in the co-creation of learning material with the consideration of cognitive load (CL). Our study contributes to research and practice by proposing novel design principles for supporting employees in peer creation processes. Furthermore, our study reveals how co-creation systems can support the collaborative development of learning materials in the work process.
Exploring Early Childhood Teachers’ Beliefs About STEAM Education in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Ahlam A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explores Saudi teachers’ beliefs about STEAM education in early childhood education settings. The study sample consisted of 245 teachers working in kindergartens. The participants completed a survey comprising twelve items to elaborate teachers’ beliefs toward implementing STEAM practices in their classrooms, as well as four close-ended questions to evaluate teachers’ knowledge of and familiarity with the terminology of STEAM education and their professional training in STEAM-related content. The findings reveal overall positive beliefs toward STEAM education for young children and rather moderate beliefs regarding the implementation of STEAM practices. The results also reveal that teachers were somewhat familiar with the term STEAM; however, they reported limited knowledge of the integration process and basic strategies and skills needed for its implementation. The results also demonstrate that the majority of the Saudi teachers participating in this study believed they needed additional professional development and training regarding STEAM implementation. A chi-square test indicated statistically significant associations between teachers’ knowledge of STEAM education and their beliefs and between teachers’ previous professional training in STEAM education and their beliefs. The implications and future recommendations are also discussed.
Abstraction and embodiment: exploring the process of grasping a general
Authors: Breive Svanhild 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reports from a case study which explores kindergarten children’s mathematical abstraction in a teaching–learning activity about reflection symmetry. From a dialectical perspective, abstraction is here conceived as a process, as a genuine part of human activity, where the learner establishes “a point of view from which the concrete can be seen as meaningfully related” (van Oers & Poland Mathematics Education Research Journal, 19(2), 10–22, 2007, p. 13–14). A cultural-historical semiotic perspective to embodiment is used to explore the characteristics of kindergarten children’s mathematical abstraction. In the selected segment, two 5-year-old boys explore the concept of reflection symmetry using a doll pram. In the activity, the two boys first point to concrete features of the sensory manifold, then one of the boys’ awareness gradually moves to the imagined and finally to grasping a general and establishing a new point of view. The findings illustrate the essential role of gestures, bodily actions, and rhythm, in conjunction with spoken words, in the two boys’ gradual process of grasping a general. The study advances our knowledge about the nature of mathematical abstraction and challenges the traditional view on abstraction as a sort of decontextualised higher order thinking. This study argues that abstraction is not a matter of going from the concrete to the abstract, rather it is an emergent and context-bound process, as a genuine part of children’s concrete embodied activities.
Extended Implicit Bias: When the Metaphysics and Ethics of Implicit Bias Collide
Authors: Peters Uwe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt has recently been argued that to tackle social injustice, implicit biases and unjust social structures should be targeted equally because they sustain and ontologically overlap with each other. Here I develop this thought further by relating it to the hypothesis of extended cognition. I argue that if we accept common conditions for extended cognition then people’s implicit biases are often partly realized by and so extended into unjust social structures. This supports the view that we should counteract psychological and social contributors to injustice equally. But it also has a significant downside. If unjust social structures are part of people’s minds then dismantling these structures becomes more difficult than it currently is, as this will then require us to overcome widely accepted ethical and legal barriers protecting people’s bodily and personal integrity. Thus, while there are good grounds to believe that people’s biases and unjust social structures ontologically overlap, there are also strong ethical reasons to reject this view. Metaphysical and ethical intuitions about implicit bias hence collide in an important way.