bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential contributions of serotonergic and dopaminergic functional connectivity to the phenomenology of LSD
Authors: Lawn Timothy , Dipasquale Ottavia , Vamvakas Alexandros , Tsougos Ioannis , Mehta Mitul A. , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Rationale
LSD is the prototypical psychedelic. Despite a clear central role of the 5HT2a receptor in its mechanism of action, the contributions of additional receptors for which it shows affinity and agonist activity remain unclear.

Objectives
We employed receptor-enriched analysis of functional connectivity by targets (REACT) to explore differences in functional connectivity (FC) associated with the distributions of the primary targets of LSD—the 5HT1a, 5HT1b, 5HT2a, D1 and D2 receptors.

Methods
We performed secondary analyses of an openly available dataset (N = 15) to estimate the LSD-induced alterations in receptor-enriched FC maps associated with these systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed as a dimension reduction strategy for subjective experiences associated with LSD captured by the Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) questionnaire. Correlations between these principal components as well as VAS ratings of subjective effects with receptor-enriched FC were explored.

Results
Compared to placebo, LSD produced differences in FC when the analysis was enriched with each of the primary serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors. Altered receptor-enriched FC showed relationships with the subjective effects of LSD on conscious experience, with serotonergic and dopaminergic systems being predominantly associated with perceptual effects and perceived selfhood as well as cognition respectively. These relationships were dissociable, with different receptors showing the same relationships within, but not between, the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems.

Conclusions
These exploratory findings provide new insights into the pharmacology of LSD and highlight the need for additional investigation of non-5HT2a-mediated mechanisms.
A historical review of calcaneal fractures: from the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and Don Juan injuries to the current plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Biz Carlo , Refolo Mariapaola , Zinnarello Felicia Deborah , Crimì Alberto , Dante Federico , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeCalcaneal fractures are one of the most challenging injuries to treat and one of the most divisive. The purpose of this historical review is to highlight the evidence of calcaneal fracture and its treatment through history.MethodsArchaeological, religious, artistic, literary and historical accounts were searched for descriptions of calcaneal fracture to give a thorough overview of the subject. The scientific literature was searched to highlight the evolution of treatment techniques.ResultsFor over 2500 years, the only available option was conservative treatment due to the high risk of infection and limb loss in a world without antibiotics, plastic surgery techniques and adequate osteosynthesis devices. At the beginning of the twentieth century, treatment was still rather crude, consisting of closed reduction by impaction by a Cotton’s mallet, immobilisation of the foot into presses and strict bed rest in a plaster cast for five weeks. Only in the case of untreatable pain, triple arthrodesis could be employed. Regardless, the results were dismal. The debate on the superiority of open reduction and primary subtalar arthrodesis over open and closed reduction spans the entire history of medicine.ConclusionThe long path of history has brought great improvement in the treatment of calcaneus fracture, but the debate about the best treatment is far from being over. There is a lack of good quality randomised control trials conducted according to an agreed set of outcome scores despite some excellent efforts. Therefore, despite the attempts made over the years and new, more precise prognostic scores, the outcomes of each technique in use today are as unique as the individuals who suffer from a calcaneal fracture.
No evidence that grooming is exchanged for coalitionary support in the short- or long-term via direct or generalized reciprocity in unrelated rhesus macaques
Authors: O’Hearn William J. , Ruiz-Lambides Angelina , Platt Michael L. , Brent Lauren J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Reciprocity is a prominent explanation for cooperation between non-kin. Studies designed to demonstrate reciprocity often focus on direct reciprocity in the timescale of minutes to hours, whereas alternative mechanisms like generalized reciprocity and the possibility of reciprocation over longer timescales of months and years are less often explored. Using a playback experiment, we tested for evidence of direct and generalized reciprocity across short and longer timescales. We examined the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support between unrelated female rhesus macaques in a population with a complete genetic pedigree. Females that received grooming were not more responsive to calls for coalitionary support from unrelated female group mates compared to control females that received agonism or no interaction — even when the call belonged to a females’ most recent grooming partner. Similarly, females were not more responsive to calls for support from their most frequent unrelated grooming partner of the last two years, nor if they received large amounts of grooming from all other females in their group. We interpret these results as an absence of evidence for direct or generalized reciprocity on any timescale in the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support in rhesus macaques. If grooming is exchanged for support in this population, it is with an intensity below our ability to detect it or over a longer timescale than we examined. We propose by-product explanations may also be at play and highlight the importance of investigating multiple mechanisms when testing apparently cooperative behaviors.

Significance statement
The receipt of help can make some animals more likely to provide help in return, whether it be a singular act, or many acts accumulated over months. Similarly, the receipt of help, be it one act of aid, or a group’s worth of help over time, can make some animals more likely to pay help forward to others. Studies on Old World monkeys suggest females may give grooming and in return receive aid in future physical conflicts. Using a playback experiment, we found female rhesus macaques were not more responsive to calls for intervention in a simulated conflict after being groomed by unrelated females, even if the calling combatant was her most recent, or a long-time grooming partner. Our results suggest females in our study population may be receiving benefits other than support in conflicts for the grooming they provide.
Optimal chance-constrained pension fund management through dynamic stochastic control
Authors: Lauria Davide , Consigli Giorgio , Maggioni Francesca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe apply a dynamic stochastic control (DSC) approach based on an open-loop linear feedback policy to a classical asset-liability management problem as the one faced by a defined-benefit pension fund (PF) manager. We assume a PF manager seeking an optimal investment policy under random market returns and liability costs as well as stochastic PF members’ survival rates. The objective function is formulated as a risk-reward trade-off function resulting in a quadratic programming problem. The proposed methodology combines a stochastic control approach, due to Primbs and Sung (IEEE Trans Autom Control 54(2):221–230, 2009), with a chance constraint on the PF funding ratio (FR) and it is applied for the first time to this class of long-term financial planning problems characterized by stochastic asset and liabilities. Thanks to the DSC formulation, we preserve the underlying risk factors continuous distributions and avoid any state space discretization as is typically the case in multistage stochastic programs (MSP). By distinguishing between a long-term PF liability projection horizon and a shorter investment horizon for the FR control, we avoid the curse-of-dimensionality, in-sample instability and approximation errors that typically characterize MSP formulations. Through an extended computational study, we present in- and out-of-sample results which allows us to validate the proposed methodology. The collected evidences confirm the potential of this approach when applied to a stylized but sufficiently realistic long-term PF problem.
Spatial resolution issues in rough wall turbulence
Authors: Gatti Davide , Stroh Alexander , Frohnapfel Bettina , Örlü Ramis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe question whether spatial resolution effects should be accounted for when performing hot-wire (or particle image velocimetry) measurements in turbulent wall-bounded flows over rough surfaces in the fully rough regime is addressed and answered by exploiting an existing direct numerical simulation database of open-channel flows at$$Re_\tau =500$$Reτ=500over a rough surface consisting of randomly distributed roughness elements. The results show sizeable attenuation effects of the streamwise velocity fluctuation intensity, similar to smooth-wall flows with up to 70% for a wire width of around 100 viscous units. A suitable correction scheme is applied to successfully compensate for the spatial resolution effects. Both results indicate that spatial resolution effects are relevant also in fully rough flows and can be correcteda posterioriwhen the state-of-the-art criteria on sensor size cannot be achieved in experiments.Graphical Abstract
Analysis of three-dimensional potential problems in non-homogeneous media with physics-informed deep collocation method using material transfer learning and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Guo Hongwei , Zhuang Xiaoying , Chen Pengwan , Alajlan Naif , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we present a deep collocation method (DCM) for three-dimensional potential problems in non-homogeneous media. This approach utilizes a physics-informed neural network with material transfer learning reducing the solution of the non-homogeneous partial differential equations to an optimization problem. We tested different configurations of the physics-informed neural network including smooth activation functions, sampling methods for collocation points generation and combined optimizers. A material transfer learning technique is utilized for non-homogeneous media with different material gradations and parameters, which enhance the generality and robustness of the proposed method. In order to identify the most influential parameters of the network configuration, we carried out a global sensitivity analysis. Finally, we provide a convergence proof of our DCM. The approach is validated through several benchmark problems, also testing different material variations.
Cerebellar mutism syndrome: the importance of preoperative language assessment
Authors: Catelan S. , Santini B. , Sala F. , Feletti A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildren undergoing surgical removal of tumors in the posterior cranial fossa can encounter a varied and complex constellation of neurological symptoms, called cerebellar mutism, defined as a disturbance in the planning and programming of motor language with preserved understanding, behavioral disorders such as inattention, visual-spatial disorganization, personality change, as well as ataxia and dysmetria. In the last years, several groups have been trying to establish risk factors or even predictive scores in order to be able at least in part to predict the appearance of speech disorders before surgery. We report on a child with pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellar vermis who had already been diagnosed with developmental linguistic delay two years earlier. This disorder initially worsened after surgery and later improved in the following 12 months. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of preoperative neuropsychological evaluation. The present case, along with those reported in the literature, suggests that the risk of long-term cerebellar mutism is higher in children with preoperative speech disorders. In these patients a thorough assessment of cognitive and linguistic functions is therefore necessary to better evaluate the risk of cerebellar mutism after surgery.
Proteomic differences in hippocampus and cortex of sudden unexplained death in childhood
Authors: Leitner Dominique F. , William Christopher , Faustin Arline , Askenazi Manor , Kanshin Evgeny , Snuderl Matija , McGuone Declan , Wisniewski Thomas , Ueberheide Beatrix , Gould Laura , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) is death of a child over 1 year of age that is unexplained after review of clinical history, circumstances of death, and complete autopsy with ancillary testing. Multiple etiologies may cause SUDC. SUDC and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) share clinical and pathological features, suggesting some similarities in mechanism of death and possible abnormalities in hippocampus and cortex. To identify molecular signaling pathways, we performed label-free quantitative mass spectrometry on microdissected frontal cortex, hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and cornu ammonis (CA1-3) in SUDC (n = 19) and pediatric control cases (n = 19) with an explained cause of death. At a 5% false discovery rate (FDR), we found differential expression of 660 proteins in frontal cortex, 170 in DG, and 57 in CA1-3. Pathway analysis of altered proteins identified top signaling pathways associated with activated oxidative phosphorylation (p = 6.3 × 10–15, z = 4.08) and inhibited EIF2 signaling (p = 2.0 × 10–21, z = − 2.56) in frontal cortex, and activated acute phase response in DG (p = 8.5 × 10–6, z = 2.65) and CA1-3 (p = 4.7 × 10–6, z = 2.00). Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of clinical history indicated that SUDC-positive post-mortem virology (n = 4/17) had the most significant module in each brain region, with the top most significant associated with decreased mRNA metabolic processes (p = 2.8 × 10–5) in frontal cortex. Additional modules were associated with clinical history, including fever within 24 h of death (top: increased mitochondrial fission in DG, p = 1.8 × 10–3) and febrile seizure history (top: decreased small molecule metabolic processes in frontal cortex, p = 8.8 × 10–5) in all brain regions, neuropathological hippocampal findings in the DG (top: decreased focal adhesion, p = 1.9 × 10–3). Overall, cortical and hippocampal protein changes were present in SUDC cases and some correlated with clinical features. Our studies support that proteomic studies of SUDC cohorts can advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these tragedies and may inform the development of preventive strategies.
Treatment of sleep apnoea with tonsillectomy: a retrospective analysis using long-term follow-up data
Authors: Sjöblom Henrik M. , Nahkuri Max , Suomela Miika , Jero Jussi , Piitulainen Jaakko M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This single-group, retrospective, pre-test–post-test study was performed to examine clinical outcomes in treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with tonsillectomy alone and had the longest follow-up periods to date.

Methods
We analysed 151 tonsillectomies in our district between the years 2004 and 2018 that had either sleep apnoea or snoring listed as a diagnosis. Twenty-one patients met our criteria and were included. Patient records were analysed for home sleep apnoea test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores.

Results
We defined success as a > 50% reduction of the Apnoea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) and a total AHI of < 20 post-surgery. The averages before surgery were an AHI of 22.3 and an ESS of 7.22. The success rate was 47.6% after tonsillectomy as the sole treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in our adult population. Eleven patients were non-responders. The average ESS score reduction was 0.69 and did not reach statistical significance. With follow-up times ranging from 1.8 to 171 months, this study had the longest follow-up period compared to other existing studies. No patient with a follow-up longer than one year was a responder.

Conclusion
Our results support that tonsillectomy is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with tonsillar hypertrophy. With less severe OSA than those reported on previously, our patients also had less severe daytime sleepiness before surgery, and daytime sleepiness score reductions did not reach statistical significance. In the future, long-term results should be further analysed.
Metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT): past, present, and future
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Menon Mahesh , Balzan Ryan , Woodward Todd S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview and retrospective on metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT), which first appeared approximately 2 decades ago. We recount how our empirical understanding of psychosis at that time led to the first preliminary version of the program. We describe setbacks and challenges that led to major changes, including revisions to existing modules (e.g., more focus on metacognitive variables, particularly on decision confidence as one of the primary targets of treatment) and the creation of new modules addressing mood, as well as attempts to improve sustainability of effects via homework exercises and a smartphone app (www.uke.de/mct_app). We have also enhanced dissemination efforts by creating new culturally sensitive language versions and facilitating low-threshold training through e-learning courses (www.uke.de/e-mct). Finally, we discuss several meta-analyses on the efficacy of MCT that have been published over the last decade. While reviews were initially inconsistent, possibly reflecting the insufficient statistical power and lower design quality of the first MCT studies, more recent meta-analyses have confirmed the efficacy of MCT on positive symptoms, insight, and cognitive biases, which has led to the inclusion of MCT in some national treatment guidelines for schizophrenia.
MRI predictors for the conversion from contrast-enhancing to iron rim multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Wenzel Nicolas , Wittayer Matthias , Weber Claudia E. , Schirmer Lucas , Platten Michael , Gass Achim , Eisele Philipp 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron rim lesions (IRLs) are characterized by progressive tissue matrix damage. Therefore, early identification could represent an interesting target for therapeutic intervention to minimize evolving tissue damage. The aim of this study was to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters predicting the conversion from contrast-enhancing to IRLs.

Methods
We retrospective identified MS patients scanned on the same 3 T MRI system presenting at least one supratentorial contrast-enhancing lesion (CEL) and a second MRI including susceptibility-weighted images after at least 3 months. On baseline MRI, pattern of contrast-enhancement was categorized as “nodular” or “ring-like”, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were assessed for the presence of a peripheral hypointense rim. Lesion localization, quantitative volumes (ADC, lesion volume) and the presence of a central vein were assessed.

Results
Eighty-nine acute contrast-enhancing lesions in 54 MS patients were included. On follow-up, 16/89 (18%) initially CELs converted into IRLs. CELs that converted into IRLs were larger and demonstrated significantly more often a ring-like contrast-enhancement pattern and a peripheral hypointense rim on ADC maps. Logistic regression model including the covariables pattern of contrast-enhancement and presence of a hypointense rim on ADC maps showed the best predictive performance (area under the curve = 0.932).

Discussion
The combination of a ring-like contrast-enhancement pattern and a peripheral hypointense rim on ADC maps has the ability to predict the evolution from acute to IRLs. This could be of prognostic value and become a target for early therapeutic intervention to minimize the associated tissue damage.
HIV-1 restriction by SERINC5
Authors: Cano-Ortiz Lucía , Luedde Tom , Münk Carsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSerine incorporator 5 (SERINC5 or SER5) is a multipass transmembrane protein with ill-defined cellular activities. SER5 was recently described as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) restriction factor capable of inhibiting HIV-1 that does not express its accessory protein Nef (Δ Nef). SER5 incorporated into the viral membrane impairs the entry of HIV-1 by disrupting the fusion between the viral and the plasma membrane after envelope receptor interaction induced the first steps of the fusion process. The mechanisms of how SER5 prevents membrane fusion are not fully understood and viral envelope proteins were identified that escape the SER5-mediated restriction. Primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), use their accessory protein Nef to downregulate SER5 from the plasma membrane by inducing an endocytic pathway. In addition to being directly antiviral, recent data suggest that SER5 is an important adapter protein in innate signaling pathways leading to the induction of inflammatory cytokines. This review discusses the current knowledge about HIV-1 restriction by SER5.
Prioritizing water distribution pipelines rehabilitation using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Elshaboury Nehal , Marzouk Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe majority of water pipelines are subjected to serious deterioration and degradation challenges. This research examines the application of optimized neural network models for estimating the condition of water pipelines in Shaker Al-Bahery, Egypt. The proposed hybrid models are compared against the classical neural network, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and group method of data handling using four evaluation metrics. These metrics are; Fraction of Prediction within a Factor of Two (FACT2), Willmott's index of agreement (WI), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Bias Error (MBE). The results show that the neural network trained using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm (FACT2 = 0.93, WI = 0.96, RMSE = 0.09, and MBE = 0.05) outperforms other machine learning models. Furthermore, three multi-objective swarm intelligence algorithms are applied to determine the near-optimum intervention strategies, namely PSO salp swarm optimization, and grey wolf optimization. The performances of the aforementioned algorithms are evaluated using Generalized Spread (GS), Spread (Δ), and Generational Distance (GD). The results yield that the PSO algorithm (GS = 0.54, Δ = 0.82, and GD = 0.01) exhibits better results when compared to the other algorithms. The obtained near-optimum solutions are ranked using a new additive ratio assessment and grey relational analysis decision-making techniques. Finally, the overall ranking is obtained using a new approach based on the half-quadratic theory. This aggregated ranking obtains a consensus index and a trust level of 0.97.