bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factor analysis of definitive radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy with boluses for scalp angiosarcomas
Authors: Kashihara Tairo , Igaki Hiroshi , Ogata Dai , Nakayama Hiroki , Nakamura Satoshi , Okuma Kae , Mori Taisuke , Yamakawa Kohei , Takahashi Akira , Namikawa Kenjiro , Takahashi Ayaka , Takahashi Kana , Kaneda Tomoya , Inaba Koji , Murakami Naoya , Nakayama Yuko , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Naoya , Itami Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCutaneous angiosarcomas is a rare cancer with poor prognoses. The common radiotherapy techniques that have been reported so far are two pairs of lateral X-ray and electron fields. However, it is quite difficult to irradiate scalp angiosarcomas (SAs) homogeneously with this technique. In this study, safety, effectiveness, and risk factors were assessed for localized SAs ≥ 5 cm treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with boluses. Sixty-eight angiosarcoma patients who had received radiotherapy in our institution between January 2007 and November 2020 were retrieved from our radiotherapy database. Of these patients, 27 localized SA patients were included in the retrospective analysis. The 2-year overall survival, local progression-free rate, and distant metastases-free survival were 41.8%, 48.4%, and 33.1%. All the patients experienced acute radiation dermatitis ≥ grade 2, with18 (66.7%) ≥ grade 3. No nodule lesion was a significant unfavorable predictive factor of acute radiation dermatitis ≥ grade 3. Tumor bleeding at the initiation of radiotherapy and tumor invasion to the face were significant predictive factors of overall survival, and tumor bleeding at the initiation of radiotherapy was also a significant predictive factor of local progression-free rate.
Characterisation of dust emissions from machined engineered stones to understand the hazard for accelerated silicosis
Authors: Ramkissoon Chandnee , Gaskin Sharyn , Thredgold Leigh , Hall Tony , Rowett Shelley , Gun Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngineered stones are novel construction materials associated with a recent upsurge in silicosis cases among workers in the stonemason industry. In order to understand the hazard for the short latency of lung disease among stonemasons, we simulated real-time dust exposure scenario by dry-machining engineered stones in controlled conditions, capturing and analysing the respirable dust generated for physical and chemical characteristics. Natural granite and marble were included for comparison. Cutting engineered stones generated high concentrations of very fine particles (< 1 µm) with > 80% respirable crystalline silica content, in the form of quartz and cristobalite. Engineered stones also contained 8–20% resin and 1–8% by weight metal elements. In comparison, natural stones had far lower respirable crystalline silica (4- 30%) and much higher metal content, 29–37%. Natural stone dust emissions also had a smaller surface area than engineered stone, as well as lower surface charge. This study highlighted the physical and chemical variability within engineered stone types as well as between engineered and natural stones. This information will ultimately help understand the unique hazard posed by engineered stone fabrication work and help guide the development of specific engineering control measures targeting lower exposure to respirable crystalline silica.
Immediate complete revascularization showed better outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors with left main or triple-vessel coronary diseases
Authors: Kim Youn-Jung , Park Duk-Woo , Kim Yong Hwan , Choi Minwoo , Kim Su Jin , Lee Gun Tak , Lee Dong Hun , Lee Byung Kook , Oh Joo Suk , Oh Sang Hoon , Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Won Young 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of left main or triple vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors and assessed their outcome based on the revascularization strategy. This multicenter, retrospective, observational registry-based study was conducted at 9 Korean tertiary care hospitals. Adult comatose OHCA survivors with left main or triple vessel CAD documented by immediate (≤ 2 h) coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation between 2011 and 2019 were included. The primary outcome was neurologically intact survival at 1-month. Among 727 OHCA patients, 150 (25%) had left main or triple vessel CAD and underwent complete (N = 32), incomplete (N = 78), and no immediate (N = 40) revascularization, respectively. The rate of neurologically intact survival at 1 month was significantly different among the groups (53%, 32%, and 23% for complete, incomplete, and no immediate revascularization groups, respectively; P = 0.02). After adjustment using the inverse probability of treatment weighting, complete revascularization was associated with neurologically intact survival at 1 month (odds ratio, 2.635; P = 0.01). Left main or triple vessel CAD is not uncommon in OHCA patients. The complete revascularization was associated with better outcome. Further clinical trials to confirm the best revascularization strategy are needed.
Analysis on the characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution and aggregation trend of early COVID-19 in mainland China
Authors: Bi Shengxian , Bie Siyu , Hu Xijian , Zhang Huiguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo analyze the spatio-temporal aggregation of COVID-19 in mainland China within 20 days after the closure of Wuhan city, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating scientific prevention measures in similar major public health events in the future. Draw a distribution map of the cumulative number of COVID-19 by inverse distance weighted interpolation; analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the daily number of COVID-19 in mainland China by spatio-temporal autocorrelation analysis; use the spatio-temporal scanning statistics to detect the spatio-temporal clustering area of the daily number of new diagnosed cases. The cumulative number of diagnosed cases obeyed the characteristics of geographical proximity and network proximity to Hubei. Hubei and its neighboring provinces were most affected, and the impact in the eastern China was more dramatic than the impact in the western; the global spatio-temporal Moran’s I index showed an overall downward trend. Since the 10th day of the closure of Wuhan, the epidemic in China had been under effective control, and more provinces had shifted into low-incidence areas. The number of new diagnosed cases had gradually decreased, showing a random distribution in time and space (P< 0.1), and no clusters were formed. Conclusion: the spread of COVID-19 had obvious spatial-temporal aggregation. China’s experience shows that isolation city strategy can greatly contain the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Itaconic acid-modified layered double hydroxide/gellan gum nanocomposites for Congo red adsorption
Authors: Shabani Shirin , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymer matrix nanocomposites with nanosized fillers are becoming an inseparable part of various industries owing to their unique properties. Among the nanosized fillers, layered double hydroxides are a good candidate due to their fantastic properties such as the ability to ion exchange and adsorption capacity. In the present work, a simple and green synthesis procedure was applied for the preparation of novel modified Cu–Ca–Al-based layered double hydroxide/polymer matrix nanocomposites. Notably, the synthesis was performed in a water medium as solvent. The layered double hydroxide was synthesized and itaconic acid was used for the surface functionalization of the prepared material. The modified material was then incorporated into the natural polymer of gellan gum to produce polymer matrix nanocomposites with different filler contents. The prepared materials were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption technique. After characterization, the prepared materials were used for the adsorption of Congo red. After investigation of the important experimental parameters, the isotherm and kinetic studies were also performed. Among the studied kinetic models, the pseudo-second-order model and intra-particle diffusion model were obtained the best in the case of Congo red adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm model showed the best results. Finally, maximum adsorption capacities of 80.9, 90.1, and 99.9 mg g−1 were obtained for nanocomposites containing 1%, 3%, and 5 wt% of filler, respectively.
The microwave-absorption properties and mechanism of phenyl silicone rubber/CIPs/graphene composites after thermal-aging in an elevated temperature
Authors: Yan Xiao , Guo Jianhua , Jiang Xinghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, the application and development of flexible microwave-absorption composites based on silicone rubber have gradually become a research hot spot. In this study, methyl vinyl phenyl silicone rubber (MPVQ)/carbonyl iron particles (CIPs)/graphene (GR) composites were prepared by mechanical blending, and the effects of thermal-ageing temperature on the microwave-absorption properties of the composites were investigated. The mechanism of the thermal-ageing temperature’s effects on microwave-absorption behaviour was identified. The results show that unaged composites have superior microwave-absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 87.73 dB, a lowest thickness of 1.46 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < − 10 dB) reaching 5.8 GHz (9.9–15.7 GHz). With ageing at 240 °C for 24 h, the RLmin at a frequency of 5.48 GHz is − 45.55 dB with a thickness of 2.55 mm, and the EAB value reaches 2 GHz (range 4.6–6.6 GHz). In the thermal-ageing process, a crosslinking reaction occurs in MPVQ with an increase in crosslinking density from 5.88 × 10−5 mol g−1 (unaged) to 4.69 × 10−4 mol g−1 (aged at 240 °C). Simultaneously, thermal degradation of the composites leads to a reduction in the rubber concentration. In addition, a small amount of CIPs are oxidized to Fe3O4, and the remaining CIPs aggregate to generate more electrically conductive pathways. Consequently, the dielectric loss of the composites will be significantly improved, resulting in poor impedance matching. The microwave-absorption properties of the composites gradually decrease with increasing thermal-ageing temperature from 200 to 240 °C.
Circulating linoleic acid at the time of myocardial infarction and risk of primary ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Oliveras Teresa , Lázaro Iolanda , Rueda Ferran , Cediel Germán , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fitó Montserrat , Madrid-Gambin Francisco , Pozo Oscar J. , Harris William S. , García-García Cosme , Sala-Vila Aleix , Bayés-Genís Antoni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) is a major driver of cardiac arrest in the acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Enrichment of cardiomyocyte plasma membranes with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces vulnerability to PVF experimentally, but clinical data are scarce. PUFA status in serum phospholipids is a valid surrogate biomarker of PUFA status in cardiomyocytes within a wide range of dietary PUFA. In this nested case–control study (n = 58 cases of STEMI-driven PVF, n = 116 control non-PVF STEMI patients matched for age, sex, smoking status, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension) we determined fatty acids in serum phospholipids by gas-chromatography, and assessed differences between cases and controls, applying the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure on nominal P-values to control the false discovery rate (FDR). Significant differences between cases and controls were restricted to linoleic acid (LA), with PVF patients showing a lower level (nominal P = 0.002; FDR-corrected P = 0.027). In a conditional logistic regression model, each one standard deviation increase in the proportion of LA was related to a 42% lower prevalence of PVF (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.37, 0.90; P = 0.02). The association lasted after the inclusion of confounders. Thus, regular consumption of LA-rich foods (nuts, oils from seeds) may protect against ischemia-driven malignant arrhythmias.
Natural antibody IgG levels are associated with HBeAg-positivity and seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir
Authors: Choi Youkyung H. , Lee Hyun Woong , Purdy Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractB1 cell-derived natural antibodies are non-specific polyreactive antibodies and can activate the complement pathway leading to lysis of enveloped virus particles before activation of the adaptive immune response. We investigated the relationship between natural antibody levels and treatment outcomes of 126 treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, who underwent entecavir (ETV) treatment. Serum IgG1-3 and complement C3 levels were significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients. In pre-treatment, IgG1 (odd ratios [OR] 2.3, p < 0.0001), IgG2 (OR 9.8, p < 0.0001), IgG3 (OR 7.4, p < 0.0001), and C3 (OR 7.2, p < 0.0001) were associated with HBeAg-positive patients. At baseline, IgG2 (OR 10.2, p = 0.025), IgG4, (OR 3.4, p = 0.026), and complement C1q (OR 5.0, p = 0.0068) were associated with seroconverters. Post-treatment levels of IgG1-4 and C3/C1q were also associated with HBeAg-positive patients and seroconverters. High levels of IgG2-4 and C1q were observed in seroconverters but not in virological responders. Thus, high pretreatment and post-treatment levels of natural antibody IgG1-4, complement C3, and/or C1q were significantly associated with HBeAg-positivity and HBeAg seroconverters in CHB patients with ETV treatment. These results suggest that the presence of preexisting host immunity against chronic hepatitis B is closely related to outcome of ETV treatment.
Reconciling historical changes in the hydrological cycle over land
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Ukkola Anna M. , De Kauwe Martin , Pitman Andy , Evans Jason P. , Beck Hylke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report confirms that global warming drives widespread changes in the global terrestrial hydrological cycle, and that changes are regionally diverse. However, reported trends and changes in the hydrological cycle suffer from significant inconsistencies. This is associated with the lack of a rigorous observationally-based assessment of simultaneous trends in the different components of the hydrological cycle. Here, we reconcile these different estimates of historical changes by simultaneously analysing trends in all the major components of the hydrological cycle, coupled with vegetation greenness for the period 1980–2012. We use observationally constrained, conserving estimates of the closure of the hydrological cycle, combined with a data assimilation approach and observationally-driven uncertainty estimates. We find robust changes in the hydrological cycle across more than 50% of the land area, with evapotranspiration (ET) changing the most and precipitation (P) the least. We find many instances of unambiguous trends in ET and runoff (Q) without robust trends in P, a result broadly consistent with a “wet gets wetter, but dry does not get drier”. These findings provide important opportunities for water resources management and climate risk assessment over a significant fraction of the land surface where hydrological trends have previously been uncertain.
Artificial intelligence-rationalized balanced PPARα/γ dual agonism resets dysregulated macrophage processes in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Katkar Gajanan D. , Sayed Ibrahim M. , Anandachar Mahitha Shree , Castillo Vanessa , Vidales Eleadah , Toobian Daniel , Usmani Fatima , Sawires Joseph R. , Leriche Geoffray , Yang Jerry , Sandborn William J. , Das Soumita , Sahoo Debashis , Ghosh Pradipta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA computational platform, Boolean network explorer (BoNE), has recently been developed to infuse AI-enhanced precision into drug discovery; it enables invariant Boolean Implication Networks of disease maps for prioritizing high-value targets. Here we used BoNE to query an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-map and prioritize a therapeutic strategy that involves dual agonism of two nuclear receptors, PPARα/γ. Balanced agonism of PPARα/γ was predicted to modulate macrophage processes, ameliorate colitis, ‘reset’ the gene expression network from disease to health. Predictions were validated using a balanced and potent PPARα/γ-dual-agonist (PAR5359) in Citrobacter rodentium- and DSS-induced murine colitis models. Using inhibitors and agonists, we show that balanced-dual agonism promotes bacterial clearance efficiently than individual agonists, both in vivo and in vitro. PPARα is required and sufficient to induce the pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular ROS, which are essential for bacterial clearance and immunity, whereas PPARγ-agonism blunts these responses, delays microbial clearance; balanced dual agonism achieved controlled inflammation while protecting the gut barrier and ‘reversal’ of the transcriptomic network. Furthermore, dual agonism reversed the defective bacterial clearance observed in PBMCs derived from IBD patients. These findings not only deliver a macrophage modulator for use as barrier-protective therapy in IBD, but also highlight the potential of BoNE to rationalize combination therapy.
Agonistic CD27 antibody potency is determined by epitope-dependent receptor clustering augmented through Fc-engineering
Authors: Heckel Franziska , Turaj Anna H. , Fisher Hayden , Chan H. T. Claude , Marshall Michael J. E. , Dadas Osman , Penfold Christine A. , Inzhelevskaya Tatyana , Mockridge C. Ian , Alvarado Diego , Tews Ivo , Keler Tibor , Beers Stephen A. , Cragg Mark S. , Lim Sean H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgonistic CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have demonstrated impressive anti-tumour efficacy in multiple preclinical models but modest clinical responses. This might reflect current reagents delivering suboptimal CD27 agonism. Here, using a novel panel of CD27 mAb including a clinical candidate, we investigate the determinants of CD27 mAb agonism. Epitope mapping and in silico docking analysis show that mAb binding to membrane-distal and external-facing residues are stronger agonists. However, poor epitope-dependent agonism could partially be overcome by Fc-engineering, using mAb isotypes that promote receptor clustering, such as human immunoglobulin G1 (hIgG1, h1) with enhanced affinity to Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIb, or hIgG2 (h2). This study provides the critical knowledge required for the development of agonistic CD27 mAb that are potentially more clinically efficacious.
Utilizing wearable sensors for continuous and highly-sensitive monitoring of reactions to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Gepner Yftach , Mofaz Merav , Oved Shay , Yechezkel Matan , Constantini Keren , Goldstein Nir , Eisenkraft Arik , Shmueli Erez , Yamin Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical trial guidelines for assessing the safety of vaccines, are primarily based on self-reported questionnaires. Despite the tremendous technological advances in recent years, objective, continuous assessment of physiological measures post-vaccination is rarely performed.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study during the mass vaccination campaign in Israel. 160 participants >18 years who were not previously found to be COVID-19 positive and who received the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine were equipped with an FDA-approved chest-patch sensor and a dedicated mobile application. The chest-patch sensor continuously monitored 13 different cardiovascular, and hemodynamic vitals: heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate variability, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and skin temperature. The mobile application collected daily self-reported questionnaires on local and systemic reactions.

Results
We identify continuous and significant changes following vaccine administration in nearly all vitals. Markedly, these changes are observed even in presumably asymptomatic participants who did not report any local or systemic reaction. Changes in vitals are more apparent at night, in younger participants, and in participants following the second vaccine dose.

Conclusion
the considerably higher sensitivity of wearable sensors can revolutionize clinical trials by enabling earlier identification of abnormal reactions with fewer subjects.
Design of a circularly polarized microstrip slot antenna using Minkowski fractal by the characteristic mode theory
Authors: Khajevandi Amir , Oraizi Homayoon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the Minkowski fractal is used for the design of a microstrip slot antenna by the characteristic mode theory, whereby the radiation mode generating the desired radiation patterns is excited. The right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) antenna is first designed and then the method of polarization reversal from RHCP to left‐hand circular polarization is presented by the design of the feed system. The FR‐4 substrate is used for the design of the slot antenna at 2.45 GHz. Also, the frequency spectrum of ISM includes that of WiFi, which has a single feed port. The use of Minkowski fractal has resulted in 0.28λ0 × 0.28λ0 miniaturization of the slot antenna. For the proof of concept, a prototype model of the proposed slot antenna is simulated, designed, fabricated and measured, which shows good agreement between the simulation results and measurement data.
Eigenmode analysis of perturbations in the primordial medium at and before recombination
Authors: Nelson A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background are thought to be due to perturbations of the primordial medium, which, post recombination, lead to the formation of galaxy clusters and galaxies
Aims. The perturbation wave modes of the primordial medium at and before recombination, consisting of a fully ionised baryonic plasma, a strong black body radiation field, and cold dark matter, are analysed.
Methods. We use the linear perturbation theory of the relativistic equations of motion, utilising a strict thermodynamic equilibrium model that relates the radiation energy density to the plasma temperature.
Results. It is shown that a wave mode corresponding to the postulated baryon acoustic waves exists with a phase velocity close to the speed of light, but the participation of the dark matter in this mode is very small. Instead, the dark matter has its own dominant mode in the form of gravitational collapse, with very little participation by the baryonic plasma.
Conclusions. In view of this very weak coupling between baryons and dark matter, the initial conditions postulated for computer simulations of large-scale structure and galaxy formation – which assume that after recombination, when galaxy formation is getting underway, baryon and dark matter density perturbations are spatially coincident and are equal in terms of fractional amplitude – may be unjustified. Additionally, the possible non-coincidence of baryon and dark matter perturbations at the last scattering surface has implications for the analysis of cosmic microwave background anisotropies.