bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic digestion of algal–bacterial biomass of an Algal Turf Scrubber system
Authors: Cheenakula D. , Hoffstadt K. , Krafft S. , Reinecke D. , Klose H. , Kuperjans I. , Grömping M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the anaerobic digestion of an algal–bacterial biofilm grown in artificial wastewater in an Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS). The ATS system was located in a greenhouse (50°54′19ʺN, 6°24′55ʺE, Germany) and was exposed to seasonal conditions during the experiment period. The methane (CH4) potential of untreated algal–bacterial biofilm (UAB) and thermally pretreated biofilm (PAB) using different microbial inocula was determined by anaerobic batch fermentation. Methane productivity of UAB differed significantly between microbial inocula of digested wastepaper, a mixture of manure and maize silage, anaerobic sewage sludge, and percolated green waste. UAB using sewage sludge as inoculum showed the highest methane productivity. The share of methane in biogas was dependent on inoculum. Using PAB, a strong positive impact on methane productivity was identified for the digested wastepaper (116.4%) and a mixture of manure and maize silage (107.4%) inocula. By contrast, the methane yield was significantly reduced for the digested anaerobic sewage sludge (50.6%) and percolated green waste (43.5%) inocula. To further evaluate the potential of algal–bacterial biofilm for biogas production in wastewater treatment and biogas plants in a circular bioeconomy, scale-up calculations were conducted. It was found that a 0.116 km2 ATS would be required in an average municipal wastewater treatment plant which can be viewed as problematic in terms of space consumption. However, a substantial amount of energy surplus (4.7–12.5 MWh a−1) can be gained through the addition of algal–bacterial biomass to the anaerobic digester of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater treatment and subsequent energy production through algae show dominancy over conventional technologies.
Graphical abstract
Broadening environmental governance ontologies to enhance ecosystem-based management in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Fisher Karen , Makey Leane , Macpherson Elizabeth , Paul Adrienne , Rennie Hamish , Talbot-Jones Julia , Jorgensen Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcosystem-based management (EBM) is a holistic approach to managing marine environments that can potentially reconcile cross-sectoral conflicts, scale mismatches, and fulfil sustainability objectives. In Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ), the operationalisation of EBM has been uneven; however, a set of principles to guide EBM in Aotearoa NZ provides a useful foundation to enable and enhance its uptake and to support governance approaches that attend to the rights, values, interests, and knowledges of Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa. In acknowledging the need to give attention to the governance of marine environments, we apply insights from the ‘relational turn’ in social sciences and sustainability science to explore the ontological and epistemological broadening of ‘governance’ to identify opportunities for alternative forms of governance that accommodate Indigenous ways of knowing. We propose fourpou(or enabling conditions) that generate alternatives to governance models underpinned by a ‘modernist’ (dualistic, technocratic) ontology: (i) enacting interactive administrative arrangements; (ii) diversifying knowledge production; (iii) prioritising equity, justice, and social difference; and (iv) recognising interconnections and interconnectedness. Our analysis of seven governance examples exposes evidence of radical and progressive transformations occurring within Aotearoa NZ regarding conceptions of the environment and the role of people in it that could support the wider uptake of EBM. Rather than advocating a ‘perfect model’ of governance for EBM, we find potential in EBM as a strategic approach to managing marine environments because of the synergies with Indigenous and relational ontologies, which lie in the emphasis on interconnectedness, inclusivity, diversity, and relationality.
Potential Influences of the Darknet on Illicit Drug Diffusion
Authors: Bancroft Angus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Darknet-hosted drug markets (‘cryptomarkets’) are an established model of illicit drug distribution which makes use of specialised online hosting and payment systems to link buyers and sellers remotely. Cryptomarkets appear to professionalise, gentrify and integrate drug markets. Therefore, they can be hypothesised to have effects on drug availability by allowing purchases by people who use drugs (PWUD) outside of face-to-face networks that have typified drug distribution. They may attract new buyers and may change use patterns by offering a greater range of higher-potency drugs. This paper examines the research on cryptomarkets’ potential impacts on drug availability.

Recent Findings
1. Cryptomarkets tend to address established PWUD who mainly already have access to existing distribution systems. Their greatest impact may be on what is available and the quantities available, and not the overall ease of access.
2. Cryptomarkets may provide new data sources which can inform our understanding of drug markets.
3. Cryptomarkets may define PWUD as consumers and contribute to reshaping their identities around principles of self-directed, informed consumption.
4. In terms of size, cryptomarkets are currently smaller than other modes of digital drug distribution such as through social media and messaging apps and should be seen as a specialist subset of that genre.
5. Users of cryptomarkets often integrate drug-purchase and consumption repertoires across multiple sites, online and offline, and cryptomarkets can be one element.

Summary
The cryptomarkets are of interest partly because they alter the practical calculus around drug diffusion and partly because they contribute to the formation of digitally enabled drug use which emphasises a consumer relationship between buyer and seller.
The Importance of Screening for Chagas Disease Against the Backdrop of Changing Epidemiology in the USA
Authors: Ayres Jennifer , Marcus Rachel , Standley Claire J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review seeks to identify factors contributing to the changing epidemiology of Chagas disease in the United States of America (US). By showcasing screening programs for Chagas disease that currently exist in endemic and non-endemic settings, we make recommendations for expanding access to Chagas disease diagnosis and care in the US.

Recent Findings
Several factors including but not limited to increasing migration, climate change, rapid population growth, growing urbanization, changing transportation patterns, and rising poverty are thought to contribute to changes in the epidemiology of Chagas disease in the US. Outlined are some examples of successful screening programs for Chagas disease in other countries as well as in some areas of the US, notably those which focus on screening high-risk populations and are linked to affordable and effective treatment options.

Summary
Given concerns that Chagas disease prevalence and even risk of transmission may be increasing in the US, there is a need for improving detection and treatment of the disease. There are many successful screening programs in place that can be replicated and/or expanded upon in the US. Specifically, we propose integrating Chagas disease into relevant clinical guidelines, particularly in cardiology and obstetrics/gynecology, and using advocacy as a tool to raise awareness of Chagas disease.
Screening for Intellectual Disabilities and/or Autism Amongst Older Children and Young Adults: a Systematic Review of Tools for Use in Africa
Authors: Nwokolo Eziafakaku Uchechukwu , Langdon Peter E. , Murphy Glynis H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are many well-developed screening tools for both intellectual disabilities and autism, but they may not be culturally appropriate for use within Africa. Our specific aims were to complete a systematic review to (1) describe and critically appraise short screening tools for the detection of intellectual disabilities and autism for older children and young adults, (2) consider the psychometric properties of these tools, and (3) judge the cultural appropriateness of these tools for use within Africa. Six screening tools for intellectual disabilities and twelve for autism were identified and appraised using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. We identified two screening tools which appeared appropriate for validation for use within African nations.
The Association Between Relationship Orientation, Relationship Quality and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Herzberg Philipp Yorck , Wildfang Swetlana , Quittschalle Janine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough, uncommitted dating via online apps is widespread, most people find value in long-term, trusting relationships. From a social and evolutionary point of view, it has been theorized that mating strategies, and, in particular, short-term strategies make some relationships more vulnerable than others. In our study, we examined short- and long-term relationship orientation and their association with relationship quality. We analysed data from 395 heterosexual couples using the actor-partner-interdependence model in order to explore effects on individuals and couples. Results demonstrated that short-term orientation was associated with lower levels of relationship quality and an increased likelihood of complaints about the partner and the relationship. Long-term relationship orientation, on the other hand, was associated with higher levels of relationship quality. In addition, higher levels of sexual satisfaction mediate the association between short-term orientation and relationship quality. In-depth analyses revealed gender- and couple effects.
Removal of contaminant in electroplating wastewater and its toxic effect using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Shittu Oluwatosin Kudirat , Ihebunna Onyinye , Gara Theresa Yebo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research is designed to remove contaminant in electroplating wastewater, using biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and to determine its in-vivo toxic effect. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs: 1,2,3 and 4) synthesized at different conditions and characterised, yielded spherical shapes of irregular sizes comprising of − OH, − C=C, − C=O, − C–H and − NO functional groups. The electroplating wastewater treated with the synthesized SNPs, were subjected to physicochemical analysis which revealed the ability of the SNPs to remove pollutants, with SNP4 displaying a higher affinity. The haematological investigation disclosed no significant impact on haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes compared to the control group. Although, the liver tissues revealed toxic effects of the treated wastewater. The study validates that the biosynthesized SNPs contained stabilizing and reducing agent and also has the ability to eliminate pollutant in electroplating wastewater.

Article highlights

Spherical shaped SNPs exhibits loosely bound properties and aggregation.

SNPs contained functional groups acting as stabilizing and reducing agent.

The SNPs treated wastewater had no significant impact on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood cell in rats.

The synthesized SNPs had the ability to remove contaminant from the electroplating wastewater.
COVID-19 has heightened tensions between and exposed threats to core values of emergency medicine
Authors: Purdy Eve , Forster Gillian , Manlove Hayley , McDonough Laura , Powell Meredith , Wood Krista , Rang Louise , Dagnone Damon , Brison Rob , Henry Doug , Douglas Stuart L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Professional culture is a powerful influence in emergency departments, but incompletely understood. Disasters magnify cultural realities, and as such the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand emergency medicine (EM) values, practices, and beliefs.

Methods
We conducted a collaborative ethnography at a tertiary care center during the acute phase of the response to the threat of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). Collaborative ethnography is a method that partners directly with communities during design, data gathering, and analysis to study culture. An ED-based research team gathered data including field notes from 300 h of participant observation and informal interviews, 42 semi-structured interviews, and 57 departmental documents. Data were deductively coded using a previously generated framework for understanding EM culture.

Results
Each of seven core values from the original framework were identified in the dataset and further contextualized understanding of EM culture. COVID-19 exacerbated pre-existing tensions and threats to the core values of EM. For example, the desire to provide patient-centered care was impeded by strict visitor restrictions; the ability to treat life-threatening illness was impaired by new resuscitation room layouts and infection control procedures; and subtle changes in protocols had downstream impact on flow and the ability to balance needs and resources at a system level. The cultural values related to teams were protective and strengthened during this time. The pandemic exposed problems with the status quo, underscored inherent tensions between ED values, and highlighted threats to self-identity.

Conclusion
COVID-19 has highlighted and compounded existing tensions and threats to the core values of EM, underscoring a critical mismatch between values and practice. Realignment of the realities of ED work with staff values is urgently needed.
TOWARDS THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRESENT-DAY HUMAN IMPACT ON PEATLAND DEPOSITS FORMED SINCE THE LATE GLACIAL: A “RETROSPECTIVE” AGE–DEPTH MODEL OF THE GREL RAISED BOG (POLISH INNER CARPATHIANS)
Authors: Margielewski Włodzimierz , Michczyńska Danuta J , Buczek Krzysztof , Michczyński Adam , Korzeń Katarzyna , Obidowicz Andrzej 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the last 60 years, the thickness of the Grel peatland deposits (Polish Inner Carpathians), was decreased twice: from about 7.4 m in 1962, to 3.9 m in 2019. Pollen analyses of peat deposits performed in 1962 (Koperowa 1962) and 2019 (this study) showed that the peatland deposits have accumulated since the Oldest Dryas Stadial up to the present day. Comparative analysis of both palynological profiles was carried out, which exhibits a high consistency of the percentage of pollen of several taxa for the 10 horizons occurring in both profiles. Based on the age–depth curve made for the new profile, the modeled age for the above-mentioned compliance levels was obtained and based on this age, a “retrospective” age–depth model was elaborated for the Koperowa’s profile. The analysis of both profiles showed that the compaction of sediments did not occur proportionally in the entire sequence. The conducted research indicates that contemporary human activity may significantly affect the whole length of peatland profiles, not only their upper parts, as previously was considered. The reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment (palaeoclimate) based on multiproxy analysis of the peatland deposits is capable to precisely document this phenomenon.
The evolutionary dance between culture, genes, and everything in between
Authors: Abdellaoui Abdel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Uchiyama et al. describe how a more complete measurement of the dynamic nature of culture could help us unmask the true richness of genetic effects on behaviour. I underscore this notion here by reflecting on the role that the dynamic relationship between culture and DNA has played in our evolutionary history and will play in our evolutionary future.
Preferences of people in choosing a family physician in rural areas: a qualitative inquiry from Iran
Authors: Bazyar Mohammad , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Bahmani Mona , Sadeghifar Jamil , Momeni Khalil , Shaabani Zahra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Creating a stable and long-term relationship called ‘longitudinality’ between the population and general practitioners is crucial for the family physician program. The constant change of family physicians (FPs) can deteriorate longitudinality. This study aims to reveal what factors people usually consider when choosing a new FP or changing their current FP.Method:A qualitative study with a thematic analysis approach was carried out in Ilam province, Iran, in 2019. Purposeful sampling with a maximum variation strategy was followed to select the key informants. We did 34 interviews with following groups: patients (rural residents); FPs; and experts from Iran Health Insurance Organization, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, and Health Network Development Center. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis to identify and contextualize the preferences of people in choosing a FP in rural areas. All the processes related to data coding and emerging themes were carried out using MAXQDA 2012 software.Results:The content of the interviews was categorized into 2 main themes, 6 sub-themes, and 39 codes. The first theme was ‘family physician characteristics’ including four sub-themes: general behaviors, social and physical characteristics, professional expertise, and pharmaceutical prescriptions. The second theme was ‘health center’ consisting of two sub-themes including location and physical features and properties of the health center.Conclusion:Some of the factors extracted from the interviews may have a different effect on the choice of people with different demographics. For instance, patients may have different ideas about the age, gender, years of medical practice, and finally, language and origin of the birthplace of FPs. Quantitative studies are needed to rank the factors identified in this study according to their significance for choosing FP and reveal patients’ preferences for each factor.
Toward Robust River Plastic Detection: Combining Lab and Field‐Based Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Tasseron Paolo F. , Schreyers Louise , Peller Joseph , Biermann Lauren , van Emmerik Tim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has increased dramatically in the last five decades, with strong impacts on human and aquatic life. Recent studies endorse the need for innovative approaches to monitor the presence, abundance, and types of plastic in these ecosystems. One approach gaining rapid traction is the use of multi‐ and hyperspectral cameras. However, most experiments using this approach were in controlled environments, making findings challenging to apply in natural environments. We present a method linking lab‐ and field‐based identification of macroplastics using hyperspectral data (1,150–1,675 nm). Experiments using riverbank‐harvested macroplastics were set up in a laboratory environment, and on the banks of the Rhine River. Representative pixel selections of eleven lab‐based images (n = 786,264 pixels) and two field‐based images (n = 40,289 pixels) were used to analyze the differences between these environments. Next, classifier algorithms such as support vector machines (SVM), spectral angle mapper (SAM) and spectral information divergence (SID) were applied, because of their robustness to varying light conditions and high accuracies in mapping spectral similarities. Our results showed that SAM classifiers are most robust in separating plastic pixels from background elements. By applying lab‐based data for plastic detection in field‐based images, user accuracies for plastics to up to 93.6% (n = 8,370 plastic pixels) were attained. This study provides key fundamental insights in linking lab‐based data to plastic detection in the field. With this paper we aim to contribute to the development of future spectral missions to detect and monitor plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
Relative Controls of Vapor Pressure Deficit and Soil Water Stress on Canopy Conductance in Global Simulations by an Earth System Model
Authors: Fang Yilin , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change impacts soil water (SW) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), critically influencing land‐atmosphere water vapor and CO2 exchange. There is a lack of model‐based global evaluation of the relative roles of the aforementioned water stresses in limiting canopy conductance Gc. Using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), we conducted four land‐atmosphere coupled simulations for the historical period with and without a plant hydraulics scheme (PHS) and under present‐day and quadrupling of CO2 concentrations. By fitting an empirical model of Gc to the E3SM simulations, we evaluated the relative dominance of the limitation of Gc by water stresses caused by VPD and SW in the growing season. The empirical model is based on a multiplicative algorithm that adjusts Gc according to VPD, SW saturation, and their interaction. Our results show positive trends of VPD over land during the historical period, with large differences between simulations with/without PHS. Despite the differences, Gc is more limited by SW than VPD except in grasslands when SW saturations are above the 60th quantiles, and the fraction of grassland limited by VPD becomes small under dry soil conditions. Ignoring SW and VPD interaction may underestimate the relative role of VPD on Gc by as much as 33% in the dry SW quantile. Based on our uncalibrated results, including PHS may accentuate SW stress limitation on Gc by simulating wetter soil and higher evapotranspiration that lower VPD. Elevated CO2 reduces Gc by increasing water use efficiency and ameliorates SW stress on Gc.
A Dual‐Level Magmatic System Beneath the East Pacific Rise, 9°N
Authors: Dunn Robert A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractData from three co‐located wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismograph experiments were used to make a new two‐dimensional tomographic image of the East Pacific Rise at 9°N. The upper half of the crustal magmatic system has a different seismic structure than the lower half, presumably corresponding with differences in melt storage and crustal cooling. The upper region is narrow (∼4.5 km wide at 2–3 km depth bsf) and estimated to contain higher melt fractions; the lower region broadens with depth and contains lower melt fractions. The shape of the system suggests steeply‐dipping isotherms and relatively stronger hydrothermal circulation in the upper gabbroic section of the crust, with moderately flattening isotherms and less circulation in the lower gabbroic section.
Direct Evidence of a Slow‐Slip Transient Modulating the Spatiotemporal and Frequency‐Magnitude Earthquake Distribution: Insights From the Armutlu Peninsula, Northwestern Turkey
Authors: Bocchini G. M. , Martínez‐Garzón P. , Verdecchia A. , Harrington R. M. , Bohnhoff M. , Turkmen T. , Nurlu M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarthquakes and slow‐slip events interact, however, detailed studies investigating their interplay are still limited. We generate the highest resolution microseismicity catalog to date for the northern Armutlu Peninsula in a ∼1‐year period to perform a detailed seismicity distribution analysis and correlate the results with a local, geodetically observed slow‐slip transient within the same period. Seismicity shows a transition of cluster‐type behavior from swarm‐like to burst‐like, accompanied by an increasing relative proportion of clustered (non‐Poissonian) relative to background (Poissonian) seismicity and gradually decreasing b‐value as the geodetically observed slow‐slip transient ends. The observed slow‐slip transient decay correlates with gradually increasing effective‐stress‐drop values. The observed correlation between the b‐value and geodetic transient highlights the influence of aseismic deformation on seismic deformation and the impact of slow‐slip transients on local seismic hazard.