bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of low‐frequency ultrasound and antibiotics on the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in mice
Authors: Yan Kaicheng , Yang Tianli , Xu Juan , Dong Liuhan , Wang Jin , Cai Yun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe antibiotic‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) has become a significant crisis in treating pneumonia. Low‐frequency ultrasound (LFU) is promising to overcome the obstacles. Mice were infected with bioluminescent Kp Xen39 by intratracheal injection to study the therapeutic effect of LFU in combination with antibiotics. The counts per second (CPS) were assessed with an animal biophoton imaging system. Bacterial clearance, histopathology, and the concentrations of cytokines were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effect. LC–MS/MS was used to detect the distribution of antibiotics in the lung and plasma. LFU in combination with meropenem (MEM) or amikacin (AMK) significantly improved the behavioural state of mice. The CPS of the LFU combination group were more significantly decreased compared with those of the antibiotic alone groups. The average colony‐forming units of lung tissue in the LFU combination groups were also lower than those of the antibiotic groups. Although no significant changes of cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed, LFU in combination with antibiotics showed less inflammatory damage from histopathological results compared with the antibiotic‐alone groups. Moreover, 10 min of LFU treatment promoted the distribution of MEM and AMK in mouse lung tissue at 60 and 30 min, respectively, after dosage. LFU could enhance the effectiveness of MEM and AMK in the treatment of Kp‐induced pneumonia, which might be attributed to the fact that LFU could promote the distribution of antibiotics in lung tissue and reduce inflammatory injury.
The Dutch chain approach on pharmaceuticals in water: Stakeholders acting together to reduce the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Moermond Caroline T. A. , de Rooy Marc 
Published: August 2022

AimsSewage treatment effluent with pharmaceutical residues is discharged into surface waters, raising societal concerns. The aim of this paper is to describe the Dutch chain approach on medicinal residues in water that has been implemented by the Dutch government. We show how stakeholders from both the health and water sectors have got actively involved. Within this chain approach, source measures as well as end‐of‐pipe measures are identified and, where feasible and effective, implemented.MethodsDescriptive paper on the Dutch chain approach.ResultsGetting the water and health care sectors to talk with each other instead of about each other was the key accomplishment. Comprehension of each other's viewpoints, terminology, policy goals and span of control, was pivotal in setting shared goals, creating perspective about possible measures and actually taking (joint) action. Together, stakeholders agreed to act within their own possibilities, without pointing at others, and to focus on pragmatic measures. In this article, we provide examples of measures taken, pilot projects performed, and of measures that were not implemented. Besides this, we discuss the most important barriers encountered during this process and how they were overcome.ConclusionThe issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a wicked problem, which makes it necessary to work together with many stakeholders on possible solutions, avoiding paralysis by complexity. Most importantly, stakeholders need to invest in mutual understanding, keep an open communication, and feel invited to bring in solutions for their part of the chain.
Child and Youth Coaching in families experiencing complex and multiple problems: A longitudinal evaluation study
Authors: van Assen Arjen , Post Wendy , Grietens Hans , Knot‐Dickscheit Jana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies investigating services for families experiencing complex and multiple problems have emphasized the need for more child‐centred support. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether providing child‐centred services (Child and Youth Coaching) combined with family‐focused services (Ten for the Future) is effective for children growing up in families experiencing complex and multiple problems. Children's psychosocial skills, emotional and behavioural problems, and the quality of their pedagogical environment were measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Parent and coach reports of children indicated for Child and Youth Coaching (n = 57) and nonindicated children (n = 18) were analysed using repeated measures multilevel models. Both parents and coaches reported improved psychosocial skills of children, but changes were only significant for coach reports. In both reports, no significant decrease in emotional and behavioural problems was observed for both indicated and nonindicated children. Many children still experienced considerable problems at case closure. Furthermore, no significant improvement in quality of the pedagogical environment was observed in both groups. Given the limitations in this study, more research is needed to identify whether these findings can be replicated and attributed to the Child and Youth Coaching and Ten for the Future programmes.
NG2‐glia crosstalk with microglia in health and disease
Authors: Zhang Zuo , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Hongli , Zhou Jiyin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are increasingly becoming a global problem. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases are not fully understood. NG2‐glia abnormalities and microglia activation are involved in the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the present understanding of the interaction between NG2‐glia and microglia in physiological and pathological states and discuss unsolved questions concerning their fate and potential fate. First, we introduce the NG2‐glia and microglia in health and disease. Second, we formulate the interaction between NG2‐glia and microglia. NG2‐glia proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis are influenced by factors released from the microglia. On the other hand, NG2‐glia also regulate microglia actions. We conclude that NG2‐glia and microglia are important immunomodulatory cells in the brain. Understanding the interaction between NG2‐glia and microglia will help provide a novel method to modulate myelination and treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Evaluating the roles and reach of philanthropic foundations in sustainability efforts for tuna
Authors: Schiller Laurenne , Bailey Megan , Bodwitch Hekia , Sinan Hussain , Auld Graeme 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTuna fisheries provide over 5 million tonnes of seafood annually to the global market but have historically raised conservation concerns due to weak management measures and impacts on non‐target wildlife. The focus of the first environmental awareness campaigns in seafood focused on dolphin bycatch in tuna fisheries in the 1980s. Since then, the sustainable seafood movement has evolved considerably, with philanthropic foundations playing a key role as agenda‐setters and funders of work carried out by non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). Here, we used tuna as a case study and investigated how three US foundations and associated NGOs have affected tuna fisheries reform through two primary pathways: advocacy for improved fishery management at intergovernmental meetings, and engagement with fishing companies in fishery improvement projects (FIPs). We found a total of USD 28.65 million was allocated to tuna‐related work from 2013 to 2021. While each foundation had different funding profiles, 65% of all grant funds were directed to two key priority areas: market leverage and RFMO advocacy. Further, almost 60% of all funding was allocated to only three NGOs, all of which are central actors at RFMO meetings, and which are collectively engaged in over 85% of all tuna FIPs (by volume). We reflect on how this concentrated funding relates to the overarching sustainable seafood agenda of these foundations and provide recommendations to ensure financial support and objectives remain transparent and do not perpetuate inequities between tuna fishing countries.
Working parents’ right to childcare in Chile
Authors: Armijo Lorena , Ananias Rubén 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines Chilean working parents’ perceptions about the right to childcare, care needs, and the future of this right.BackgroundThere is widespread debate about working parents’ care strategies and their capacity to reconcile work and family. Latin American studies have concentrated on welfare regimens, social protection policies, and flexibility in the labor market. However, few studies have explored how workers exercise their right to childcare and its consequences for the work–life dilemma.MethodsData were collected in 29 semistructured interviews with couples and eight discussion groups with working parents. A total of 109 people participated, 56 men and 53 women.ResultsThe findings show the ambivalent nature of working parents’ right to childcare, with limited time and benefits, and the need to extend it to all workers in the future.ConclusionExercising the right to childcare is transitory due to its short duration, and partially because it is meant for working parents who have their social security payments up to date. Both characteristics are partly due to the weakness of the institutional mechanisms that guarantee the right to childcare. Support for the extension of this right by those interviewed clashes with general distrust toward making use of the right.ImplicationsThe findings suggest that State resources for childcare are insufficient without education rights. Education as a prolongation of care is a future demand of working parents with children beyond the pre‐school stage.
Influence of metallic properties on the fracture characteristics of Al2O3/Ti/Ni‐laminated composites
Authors: Liu Quan , Xie Ke , Xia Hongyan , Wu Yifan , Xu Weiguo , Jian Minkun , Lin Jianping , Lu Mi , Qiao Guanjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mutual confinement of ceramics and metals in laminated composites tends to change the original properties of ceramics and metals. In this study, two kinds of laminated composites, Al2O3/Ti and Al2O3/Ti/Ni, were prepared. Three‐point bending experiments revealed that Al2O3/Ti underwent brittle fracture after elastic deformation. The fracture morphology analysis revealed that the Ti in Al2O3/Ti became brittle due to the formation of columnar crystals. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of laminations during preparation was responsible for the formation of columnar crystals. The force–displacement curves of the Al2O3/Ti/Ni combine the properties of elastic deformation of ceramics and plastic deformation of metals. The reason why the Al2O3/Ti/Ni did not fracture completely in the bending experiments is that Ni maintained the toughness, and there is a good interfacial bond among Al2O3, Ti, and Ni. The indentation crack analysis revealed that cracks have long transverse propagation and short longitudinal propagation in both laminated composites. Finite element analysis revealed that this was due to compressive stress in the Al2O3 layer and tensile stress in the metal layer. This compressive stress consumes the crack energy in the longitudinal direction and stops the crack in the metal layer. The brittle to ductile gradient transition among Al2O3, Ti, and Ni, combined with the guidance of crack propagation direction by the interfacial layer, enhances the ability of Al2O3/Ti/Ni to resist damage.
Patient‐reported outcomes of a phase II neoadjuvant apalutamide (ARN‐509) and radical prostatectomy in treatment of intermediate‐ to high‐risk prostate cancer (NEAR) trial
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Allen John Carson , Aslim Edwin Jonathan , Tay Kae Jack , Yuen Shyi Peng John , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Chua Melvin Lee Kiang , Chong Tsung Wen , Ho Sun Sien Henry , Lee Lui Shiong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe NEAR trial is a single‐arm phase II trial investigating the efficacy of neoadjuvant apalutamide and radical prostatectomy in the treatment of D'Amico intermediate‐ to high‐risk prostate cancer. This publication focuses on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) during 12 weeks of neoadjuvant apalutamide treatment.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, 30 suitable patients received neoadjuvant apalutamide 240 mg once daily for 12 weeks followed by radical prostatectomy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03124433). Patient‐reported quality of life outcomes was analyzed using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core Module (EORTC QLQ‐C30), EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Prostate Module (QLQ‐PR25), and Sexual Health Inventory for Men questionnaire (SHIM) at weeks 0,4,12, and 20 of the study.ResultsThirty patients completed 12 weeks of apalutamide therapy and data analyzed for 29 with complete datasets. Neoadjuvant apalutamide therapy was associated with no clinically significant negative impact on patients' global health and QoL scores. Deteriorations in mean scores of functional and symptom scales of QLQ‐C30 questionnaire were statistically significant (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively) but were not clinically meaningful. Patients were also affected by fatigue (p = 0.012), cognitive function (p = 0.038), reduced role functioning (p = 0.025), and lower SHIM scores (p < 0.001). Median daily step count reduced from 8228/day to 6001/day per day (p = 0.063), while BMI and body weight reduction were observed (statistically but not clinically significant).ConclusionDuring 12 weeks of neoadjuvant apalutamide in organ‐confined prostate cancer, the overall patient‐reported HRQoL outcomes were maintained, but fatigue and sexual dysfunction were observed in those patients.
Laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation versus robotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation for lower ureter pathology: Single‐institutional comparative study
Authors: Batra Rohan , Agrawal Anshul , Singh Abhishek , Ganpule Arvind , Sabnis Ravindra , Desai Mahesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare and analyze the results of laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation and robotic‐assisted ureteric reimplantation at our tertiary institute.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of adult patients who underwent laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation and robotic‐assisted ureteric reimplantation between January 2000 and December 2020. Data were analyzed for 19 patients in the laparoscopic group and 47 patients in the robotic group. The data were compared in both the groups.ResultsThe most common presentation was flank pain (67.89%) followed by recurrent UTI (21.05%) in both the groups. The baseline characteristics and demographic data including age, gender, laterality, Charlson comorbidity index, and BMI were comparable in both the groups. The time range from previous surgeries to presentation varied from 7 days to 5 years. There is statistically significant difference between the operative time in the laparoscopic (224.23 ± 76.61 min) and robotic groups (187.06 ± 52.81 min) (p = 0.027). There is statistically significant difference between the hospital stay also between the two groups (9.07 ± 2.75 vs. 6 ± 1.65 days p‐0.001). There were no differences in the complication rate and postoperative outcomes in both the groups. Mean length of follow‐up was 28 ± 25.5 (2–108) months and 20.57 ± 19.91 (2–96) months in both the groups, respectively. The success rates in terms of symptomatic improvement, decrease in hydronephrosis, and improved drainage in the laparoscopic and robotic groups were 94.73% and 95.45%, respectively, which were statistically not significant.ConclusionsRobotic ureteric reimplantation and laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation are comparable in clinical outcomes. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation is feasible, safe, and faster with excellent outcomes, decreased hospital stay, and minimal complications.
Validation of new baseline renal function predictive model in robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy cohort
Authors: Geldmaker Laura E , Baird Bryce A , Gonzalez Albo Giovanni A , Haehn Daniela A , Ericson Christian A , Wieczorek Mikolaj A , Ball Colleen T , Thiel David D 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo validate a new baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (NB‐GFR) formula in a cohort of robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomies (RAPN).MethodsNB‐GFR = 35 + preoperative GFR (× 0.65) – 18 (if radical nephrectomy) – age (× 0.25) + 3 (if tumor size >7 cm) – 2 (if diabetes). NB‐GFR was calculated in 464 consecutive RAPN from a single surgeon cohort. 143 patients were excluded secondary to insufficient eGFR follow up. We analyzed NB‐GFR accuracy utilizing the last observed eGFR 3–12 months post RAPN. Categorical variables were summarized with the frequency and percentage of patients. Numerical variables were summarized with the median, 25th percentile, and 75th percentile.ResultsThe mean difference between observed and predicted NB‐GFR was 4.6 ml/min/1.73m2 (95% CI −6.9 to 16.1 ml/min/1.73m2). There was a pattern of higher observed NB‐GFRs being underestimated by the NB‐GFR equation while lower observed NB‐GFRs were overestimated by the NB‐GFR equation. The NB‐GFR formula had a high level of accuracy with 98.8% of predicted NB‐GFRs falling within 30% of the observed NB‐GFR (95% CI 86.8% to 99.5%). The median and interquartile range of the difference between observed and predicted NB‐GFR was 3.9 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 0.7 to 8.2 ml/min/1.73m2). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the ability of predicted NB‐GFR to identify those with an observed NB‐GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 after RAPN was 98%, 92%, 88%, and 99%, respectively.ConclusionThe NB‐GFR equation developed with partial and radical nephrectomy cohorts is accurate in predicting post‐operative eGFR 3–12 months following RAPN.
Stroke epidemiology and incidence in regional Queensland: findings of the Regional Queensland Stroke (REQUEST) study
Authors: Darshan Deepak , Gange Nisal , Chen Daniel , Bragg Anthony 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStroke rates globally have been declining, but a majority of the studies on strokes have been in urban populations. Regional populations have been understudied, bgeographic health differentials can impact stroke presentations and outcomes.AimTo determine the incidence, risk factors for and survivability of stroke in patients presenting to a large rural stroke referral centre.MethodsData were collected from one major regional stroke referral centre in Queensland, Australia, over 12 months with follow‐up at 3.75 years for survival analysis. Patients were retrospectively enrolled based on a diagnosis made by a stroke physician. ICD‐10 codes at separation and postcode of residence were applied for case ascertainment. Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification and the World Health Organization standardised definition of stroke were applied.ResultsThere were 105 strokes in a population of 106 760 persons over 12 months, giving a crude rate of 98 per 100 000 and standardised rate of 52/100 000 per year. Cardioembolism (n = 33, 31.4%) was the most common cause out of all ischaemic strokes (n = 87, 82.9%), followed by large vessel atherosclerosis (n = 26, 24.8%). Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor in all stroke types, and atrial arrhythmia was the most prevalent factor in cardioembolic strokes. Overall survival at 3.75 years was 61%.ConclusionsIncidence of stroke in a regional Queensland population is similar to other regional populations and when compared with larger cities. Despite a global trend in stroke reduction, modifiable risk factors like hypertension and atrial arrhythmias continue to be over‐represented in the stroke population. All‐cause mortality after stroke is high, especially during the initial period.
Adhesion in thermally sprayed coatings: An insight from interfacial residual stress
Authors: Ghara Tina , Bandyopadhyay Partha P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA thermally sprayed coating consists of multiple layers of different materials, that is, topcoat, bondcoat, and substrate. These three layers form two different junctions, namely, topcoat–bondcoat, and bondcoat–substrate. The residual stress state in two different materials in the interfaces was investigated using a systematic X‐ray diffraction‐based procedure consisting of phase and stress analysis. A transfer of residual stress from one material to the other was found to take place at the interfaces. The residual stress state of the topcoat influenced the stress field of the bondcoat, whereas the residual stress of substrate was affected by the stress state of the bondcoat at the interfaces. It was also perceived that the residual stress field along the depth of a multilayer coating system can be measured using a single X‐ray target with a proper investigation procedure, eliminating the need of using different X‐ray sources for different materials. It was found that the residual stress from one material transfers to another, and in the process, clamping of one surface by the other takes place at multiple locations throughout the surface. This is how mechanical interlocking between two layers takes place. Thus, the result can provide a basic understanding on the micro‐mechanism of coating adhesion.
New insights into Xenopus sex chromosome genomics from the Marsabit clawed frog X. borealis
Authors: Evans Ben J. , Mudd Austin B. , Bredeson Jessen V. , Furman Benjamin L. S. , Wasonga Domnick Victor , Lyons Jessica B. , Harland Richard M. , Rokhsar Dan S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn many groups, sex chromosomes change frequently but the drivers of their rapid evolution are varied and often poorly characterized. With an aim of further understanding sex chromosome turnover, we investigated the polymorphic sex chromosomes of the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis, using genomic data and a new chromosome‐scale genome assembly. We confirmed previous findings that 54.1 Mb of chromosome 8L is sex‐linked in animals from east Kenya and a laboratory strain, but most (or all) of this region is not sex‐linked in natural populations from west Kenya. Previous work suggests possible degeneration of the Z chromosomes in the east population because many sex‐linked transcripts of this female heterogametic population have female‐biased expression, and we therefore expected this chromosome to not be present in the west population. In contrast, our simulations support a model where most or all of the sex‐linked portion of the Z chromosome from the east acquired autosomal segregation in the west, and where much genetic variation specific to the large sex‐linked portion of the W chromosome from the east is not present in the west. These recent changes are consistent with the hot‐potato model, wherein sex chromosome turnover is favoured by natural selection if it purges a (minimally) degenerate sex‐specific sex chromosome, but counterintuitively suggest natural selection failed to purge a Z chromosome that has signs of more advanced and possibly more ancient regulatory degeneration. These findings highlight complex evolutionary dynamics of young, rapidly evolving Xenopus sex chromosomes and set the stage for mechanistic work aimed at pinpointing additional sex‐determining genes in this group.