bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide (ABVE‐PC) versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) at a single institution
Authors: de Armas Sebastian , Huertas‐Ayala Carolina , Chan Randall Y. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Huh Winston W. , Termuhlen Amanda , Gaynon Paul S. , Kovach Alexandra E. , Doan Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD), the de facto standard of care in adult‐onset Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), has not been directly compared to doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide (ABVE‐PC), a pediatric‐aimed regimen designed to reduce late effects. We aimed to describe the single‐institution experience of using both regimens in patients with pediatric HL.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated a total of 224 patients diagnosed with HL between 1999 and 2018 at Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), of which 93 patients were eligible having received ABVD (n = 46) or ABVE‐PC (n = 47) chemotherapy as their initial treatment. Descriptive analyses were performed using the Student's t‐test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis used the Kaplan–Meier method. Events included death, relapse, and secondary malignancy. We also describe the use of radiation therapy, pulmonary toxicity, and cardiomyopathy determined by shortening fraction <29%. Analyses followed an intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsThere was no difference in baseline characteristics between the patients receiving ABVE‐PC or ABVD in regard for stage, risk group, or prognostic variables, such as the presence or absence of “B” symptoms, bulky disease, and extra‐nodal involvement. A greater proportion of patients treated with ABVE‐PC received consolidating external beam radiation treatment (XRT) either by randomization or by response compared to ABVD (59.6% vs. 32.6%, respectively, p = .01). While not statistically significant, response to therapy, assessed by positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) where available, mirrored the use for radiation (rapid response 58.3% vs. 90.0%, n = 34, p = .11). The median dose of anthracycline (doxorubicin) was the same in patients receiving ABVE‐PC versus ABVD (200 vs. 200 mg/m2, interquartile range 200–250 vs. 200–300 mg/m2, p = .002). There was no difference in event‐free survival (p = .63) or overall survival (p = .37) with a median follow‐up length of 3.9 years.ConclusionsABVD and ABVE‐PC achieved similar survival outcomes in our single‐institution cohort.
Designing supramolecular polymers with nucleation and growth processes
Authors: Bruckner Eric P , Stupp Samuel I 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe self‐assembly of small molecules into supramolecular polymers can be analogous to the formation of classical solid‐state crystals depending on the mechanism of polymerization. Taking inspiration from the field of materials science, complex supramolecular polymer nanostructures can be formed by carefully controlling nucleation and growth processes. Exploration of the energy landscapes in supramolecular polymers can also lead to the discovery of polymorphs where a single monomer can self‐assemble into different supramolecular polymers with distinct molecular packing arrangements. This mini‐review focuses on recent developments where the manipulation of nucleation and growth processes were used to develop novel supramolecular copolymers and explore polymorphism in supramolecular materials, highlighting examples of such systems composed of small organic molecules and peptides. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Effects of stochastic resonance stimulation on manual function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A pilot clinical trial
Authors: Lynn Jessica , Wolf Allison , Bridges Travis , Pottanat Zachary , Spivey Suzanne , Rolin Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) on manual abilities in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.DesignThis pilot study is a randomized, sham‐controlled, one‐period, crossover trial.SettingA neuroscience clinic with specialty therapy programs at an urban, university‐based children's hospital.ParticipantsSixteen children ages 3 to 16 years who were diagnosed with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and had hand Manual Abilities Classification scale score of I to III with sufficient cognitive abilities to follow instructions.InterventionsChildren donned wrist and arm bands that delivered SRS via embedded piezoelectric actuators in two randomly assigned conditions: sham (devices powered off) and subthreshold stimulation (SBT‐SRS). Following the randomized protocol, a subset of participants also completed an open‐label, above‐threshold stimulation (AT‐SRS) condition. Children carried out the same uni‐manual and bimanual tasks during the randomized and open‐label protocols; all data were collected in a single session.Main Outcome Measure(s)Box and Blocks (B&B) test, a uni‐manual function test, and the Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE). The SHUEE was video recorded and scored by two raters who were blinded to the experimental condition.ResultsThirteen children completed the B&B task and 14 children completed the SHUEE. Children in the SBT‐SRS condition relative to sham condition moved an average of 1.8 more blocks in 1 minute (p = .08); scored an average of 3 points higher on SHUEE spontaneous functional analysis (p < .002); and scored an average of 2.7 points higher on SHUEE dynamic positional analysis (p = .20). In the open‐label protocol, children in the AT‐SRS condition relative to sham moved 3.9 more blocks than in the sham condition (n = 8, p < .001); scored an average of 4.5 points higher on SHUEE spontaneous functional analysis (n = 6, p = .08); and scored an average of 10.5 points higher on SHUEE dynamic positional analysis (n = 6, p = .01).Conclusion(s)In this pilot study, we found preliminary evidence that children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy demonstrated improved uni‐manual abilities and increased function of the impaired hand on bimanual tasks when receiving a single session of SBT‐SRS. Preliminary evidence also suggests that some children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy may improve more when receiving a single session of AT‐SRS. Future research using larger, controlled studies should evaluate the optimal intensity, duration, and long‐term effect of SRS for improving impaired manual abilities.
From content moderation to visibility moderation: A case study of platform governance on TikTok
Authors: Zeng Jing , Kaye D. Bondy Valdovinos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTikTok, a short‐video app featuring video content typically between 15 and 60 s long, has become immensely popular around the world in the last few years. However, the worldwide popularity of TikTok requires the platform to constantly negotiate with the rules, norms and regulatory frameworks of the regions where it operates. Failure to do so has had significant consequences. For example, for content‐related reasons, the platform has been (temporarily and permanently) banned in several countries, including India, Indonesia and Pakistan. Moreover, its Chinese ownership and popularity among underage users have made the platform subject to heightened scrutiny and criticism. In this paper, we introduce the notion of visibility moderation, defined as the process through which digital platforms manipulate the reach of user‐generated content through algorithmic or regulatory means. We discuss particular measures TikTok implements to shape visibility and issues arising from it. This paper presents findings from interviews with content creators, which takes a user‐centric approach to understand their sense‐making of and negotiation with TikTok's visibility moderation. Findings from this study also highlight concerns that leave these stakeholders feeling confused, frustrated or powerless, which offer important directions for further research.
Brain‐Penetration and Neuron‐Targeting DNA Nanoflowers Co‐Delivering miR‐124 and Rutin for Synergistic Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ouyang Qin , Liu Kai , Zhu Qubo , Deng Huiyin , Le Yuan , Ouyang Wen , Yan Xiaoxin , Zhou Wenhu , Tong Jianbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia that affects millions of old people. Despite significant advances in the understanding of AD pathobiology, no disease modifying treatment is available. MicroRNA‐124 (miR‐124) is the most abundant miRNA in the normal brain with great potency to ameliorate AD‐like pathology, while it is deficient in AD brain. Herein, the authors develop a DNA nanoflowers (DFs)‐based delivery system to realize exogenous supplementation of miR‐124 for AD therapy. The DFs with well‐controlled size and morphology are prepared, and a miR‐124 chimera is attached via hybridization. The DFs are further modified with RVG29 peptide to simultaneously realize brain‐blood barrier (BBB) penetration and neuron targeting. Meanwhile, Rutin, a small molecular ancillary drug, is co‐loaded into the DFs structure via its intercalation into the double stranded DNA region. Interestingly, Rutin could synergize miR‐124 to suppress the expression of both BACE1 and APP, thus achieving a robust inhibition of amyloid β generation. The nanosystem could pro‐long miR‐124 circulation in vivo, promote its BBB penetration and neuron targeting, resulting in a significant increase of miR‐124 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and robust therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Such a bio‐derived therapeutic system shows promise as a biocompatible nanomedicine for AD therapy.
Electric truck deployment in Chinese cities: Promotion policies and implications for future policymaking
Authors: Qiao Yanping , Raufer Roger 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electrification of road freight vehicles is an important approach to reduce air pollution and carbon emissions from the trucking industry. In its current stage, electric truck adoption in China is concentrated in a few cities that provide strong support for the technology. This article reviews the promotion policies adopted by ten major Chinese cities pioneering electric logistics vehicle (ELV) adoption. These policies include operational subsidies, road access privileges, subsidies for charger installation and operation, and other incentives for ELV charging and parking. As local purchasing subsidies for ELVs have been phased down, the operational subsidies and road access privileges provide the main impetus for urban ELV adoption. In addition, a holistic regional assessment identifying high‐potential provinces for future electric truck deployment in the country is described. The assessment takes into account eight indicators under three relevant categories of considerations (i.e., the unique attributes of the technology, where it is most needed, and where it has the most support) and shows that provinces favorable for electric truck deployments are concentrated in the east and south of China. Fleet operators, policymakers, and other industry stakeholders should consider prioritizing electric truck deployments in these regions. Some of these eight indicators are difficult or impossible to change, and policymakers looking to encourage more logistics vehicle electrification must therefore focus on those policy factors that can be changed. Policy recommendations are then formulated in light of the city‐level policy analysis as well as the regional assessment, which is expected to help inform future policymaking and speed ELV adoption in cities across the high‐potential regions and even nationwide.This article is categorized under:
Cities and Transportation > Electric Mobility
Policy and Economics > Regional and International Strategies
Tumor treating fields therapy is feasible and safe in a 3-year-old patient with diffuse midline glioma H3K27M — a case report
Authors: Gött Hanna , Kiez Silke , Dohmen Hildegard , Kolodziej Malgorzata , Stein Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince high grade gliomas are aggressive brain tumors, intensive search for new treatment options is ongoing. For adult patients with newly diagnosed (ndGBM) and recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), low intensity intermediate frequency alternating electric fields, known as tumor treating fields (TTFields) have been established as a new treatment modality. Tumor treating fields significantly increase survival rates in combination with adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in adult and GBM patients. Here, we report about feasibility and safety of treatment on a pediatric patient with diffuse midline glioma who is receiving TTFields therapy in combination with temozolomide.
Association between regional summer monsoon onset in South Asia and Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing
Authors: Hu Die , Duan Anmin , Zhang Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy using multiple data sources and numerical simulation results from the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) of CAM4.0 (Community Atmosphere Model, version 4), we investigated the effect of thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the onset of the summer monsoon in the Arabian Sea (AS) and India. Results indicate that the spatial distribution of diabatic heating over the TP in May is a southeastern–northwestern inverse pattern. This diabatic heating shows a robust negative relationship with the onset date of the summer monsoon over the AS and India. A positive diabatic heating seesaw pattern can enhance the ascending (descending) motion over the southeastern (northwestern) TP, corresponding to above (below) normal in- situ precipitation. Temperature budget diagnosis reveals that the adiabatic heating due to anomalous vertical motion and relevant horizontal advection of temperature in the mid-upper troposphere are responsible for the warming over the TP. Consequently, the reversal of the meridional temperature gradient from winter to summer over South Asian regions occurs earlier than the climate-mean state. Furthermore, the diabatic heating over the TP induces an enhanced and westward-extended South Asian High (SAH), which together with the easterly along the southern flank of the SAH superimpose on the low-level westerly flow over the AS and India, results in intensive upper-level divergence-pumping and upward motion. This anomalous circulation configuration in lower and upper levels further facilitates an earlier onset of the summer monsoon in AS and India. These findings are corroborated in the sensitivity runs based on CAM4.0.
Diagnostische Fehler durch kognitive Verzerrungen
Authors: Kargl Simon 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungKognitive Verzerrungen treten bei der täglichen klinischen Entscheidungsfindung auf und können zu diagnostischen Fehlern führen, die gegebenenfalls Morbidität oder sogar Mortalität verursachen. Ärztinnen und Ärzte müssen sich mit häufigen Varianten dieser kognitiven Verzerrungen vertraut machen.In einem narrativen Review mit 3 instruktiven Fallbeispielen stellen wir Auftreten und Fallstricke von kognitiven Verzerrungen in der pädiatrischen Medizin dar. Kognitive Verzerrungen sind nicht das Ergebnis mangelnder Aufmerksamkeit oder Fachkenntnis, sondern entstehen als Folge unserer Denkweise auf unbewusster Ebene. Kognitive Verzerrungen interferieren mit dem diagnostischen Prozess und können sowohl in der klinischen Routine als auch in kritischen Situationen diagnostische Fehler verursachen. Die Suche nach Strategien, um kognitive Verzerrungen zu verhindern oder zu reduzieren, hat sich bisher mäßig erfolgreich gezeigt. Jedoch ist es mittlerweile wohl gelungen, ein Bewusstsein dafür zu schaffen
Depressive symptoms during pregnancy and after birth in women living in Sweden who received treatments for fear of birth
Authors: Hildingsson Ingegerd , Rubertsson Christine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in women who underwent treatments for fear of birth; internet-based cognitive therapy, counseling with midwives, continuity with a known midwife or standard care. A secondary analysis was performed using data collected from four samples of women identified with fear of birth and receiving treatment with different methods. A questionnaire was used to collect data in mid-pregnancy and at follow-up 2 months after birth. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale. In mid-pregnancy, 32% of the 422 women with fear of birth also reported a co-morbidity with depressive symptoms. At postpartum follow-up, 19% reported depressive symptoms 2 months after birth, and 12% showed continued or recurrent depressive symptoms identified both during pregnancy and postpartum. A history of mental health problems was the strongest risk factor for presenting with depressive symptoms. None of the treatment options in this study was superior in reducing depressive symptoms. This study showed a significant co-morbidity and overlap between fear of birth and depressive symptoms. Screening for depressive symptoms and fear of birth during pregnancy is important to identify women at risk and offer specific treatment.
Equilibria on a circular market when consumers do not always buy from the closest firm
Authors: Keehan Dominic , Cahan Dodge , McCabe-Dansted John , Slinko Arkadii 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study spatial competition by firms which is often studied in the context of linear markets where customers always shop at the nearest firm. Here, customer behavior is determined by a probability vector $$\mathbf{p }=(p_1,\ldots ,p_n)$$

p
=
(

p
1

,
…
,

p
n

)

where $$p_i$$

p
i

is the probability that a customer visits the ith closest firm. At the same time, the market is circular a là Salop (Bell J Econ 10(1):141–156, 1979), which has the advantage of isolating the impact of customer shopping behavior from market boundary effects. We show that non-convergent Nash equilibria, in which firms cluster at distinct positions on the market, always exist for convex probability vectors as well as probability vectors exhibiting a certain symmetry. For concave probability vectors, on the other hand, we show that non-convergent Nash equilibria are unlikely to exist.
Gonad development in farmed male and female South African abalone, Haliotis midae, fed artificial and natural diets under a range of husbandry conditions
Authors: Meusel Esther , Menanteau-Ledouble Simon , Naylor Matthew , Kaiser Horst , El-Matbouli Mansour 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrowth rate is one of the most important factors in the farming of Haliotis midae, and somatic growth rates decline after abalone reach sexual maturity. Artificial diets are suspected to accelerate maturation, in particular when soya meal is used as a protein source, because of this plant’s high concentration of phytoestrogens. The effect of diet on the gonad development of 27-month-old farmed Haliotis midae, raised at two stocking densities, was analysed. We fed two artificial diets and a natural diet, kelp, to cultured abalone. The first artificial diet had fishmeal as its main source of protein, while in the other, Abfeed® S34, 32% of the fish meal was replaced with soya meal. For each gonad sample, the development phase was determined based on both histological criteria and the gonad bulk index (GBIn). The hypothesised link between dietary protein source and gonad development could not be established by either morphological criteria or GBIn. Similarly, stocking density did not have a significant effect on GBIn-values. GBIn values were significantly correlated to the results from the histological analyses in males and females. The results from this study suggest that artificial diets including those using soya meal are a valid alternative in the feeding of abalone. The research provides a database for future research on factors influencing gonad development in this species.
An adaptive moment estimation framework for well placement optimization
Authors: Arouri Yazan , Sayyafzadeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose the use of a first-order gradient framework, the adaptive moment estimation (Adam), in conjunction with a stochastic gradient approximation, to well location and trajectory optimization problems. The Adam framework allows the incorporation of additional information from previous gradients to calculate variable-specific progression steps. As a result, this assists the search progression to be adjusted further for each variable and allows a convergence speed-up in problems where the gradients need to be approximated. We argue that under computational budget constraints, local optimization algorithms provide suitable solutions from a heuristic initial guess. Nonlinear constraints are taken into account to ensure the proposed solutions are not in violation of practical field considerations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against steepest descent and generalized pattern search, using two case studies — the placement of four vertical wells and placement of 20 nonconventional (deviated, horizontal and/or slanted) wells. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms the tested methods in terms computational efficiency and final optimum value. Additional discussions regarding nonconventional parameterization provide insights into simultaneous perturbation gradient approximations.
Epidemic spread of smut fungi (Quambalaria) by sexual reproduction in a native pathosystem
Authors: McTaggart Alistair R. , Drenth André , Wingfield Michael J. , O’Dwyer Cecilia , Shuey Louise S. , Pegg Geoff S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuambalaria are fungal pathogens of Corymbia, Eucalyptus and related genera of Myrtaceae. They are smut fungi (Ustilaginomycota) described from structures that resemble conidia and conidiophores. Whether these spore forms have asexual or sexual roles in life cycles of Quambalaria is unknown. An epidemic of Q. pitereka destroyed plantations of Corymbia in New South Wales and Queensland (Australia) in 2008. We sampled 177 individuals from three plantations of C. variegata and used AFLPs to test hypotheses that the epidemic was spread by asexual reproduction and dominated by a single genotype. There was high genotypic diversity across ≥600 AFLP loci in the pathogen populations at each plantation, and evidence of sexual reproduction based on neighbour-net analyses and rejection of linkage disequilibrium. The populations were not structured by host or location. Our data did not support a hypothesis of asexual reproduction but instead that Q. pitereka spreads exclusively by sexual reproduction, similar to life cycles of other smut fungi. Epidemics were exacerbated by monocultures of Corymbia established from seed collected from a single provenance. This study showcases an example of an endemic pathogen, Q. pitereka, with a strictly outbreeding life cycle that has caused epidemics when susceptible hosts were planted in large monoculture plantations.