bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Perceived Stress Levels and its Sources among Indian Students in Dental Colleges of Odisha - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sarkar Sonali , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Awasthi Riddhi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Dental school is a stressful experience for students as they face wide-ranging challenges related to patient care and pursuing academic excellence.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to estimate the psychological stress levels and its sources among undergraduate students at dental colleges in India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 308 undergraduate students in their 3rd year, 4th year, and internship from three private dental schools in Odisha. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed where participants marked the stress levels caused by various academic and nonacademic stressors on a five-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Demographic data of gender and year of study were also collected on the same questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS v27 was used to compute descriptive statistics, to perform tests for reliability and validity of the survey instrument and to perform two sample t-test for comparison of stressors with gender and one-way ANOVA for comparison of stressors year of study as factors.

Results:
Of the 300 completed questionnaires submitted, 49.7% of the participants were males (n = 151) and 50.3% were females (n = 149). Third-year students reported moderate stresses (mean stress >=3) due to factors related to curriculum structure, long classroom hours, reduced recreation time, homesickness, and hostel food. Fourth-year students reported severe stress (mean stress >=4) originating from stressors like completion of clinical quota and comparison with other professions. Interns reported severe stress (mean stress >=4) originating from stressors like family's expectations and fear of failure. There was a statistically significant difference in female participants who reported elevated stress compared to their male counterparts in dealing with stress related to workload and training (P = 0.008, two-tailed two-sample t-test).

Conclusions:
Students reported most stress originating from issues related to clinical workload burden, comparison with peers, family expectations, and personal relationship issues. We recommend that dentistry schools act with urgency to alleviate severe stressors with the formation of student advisory committees and appointment of counselors who can advocate for dental students' psychological well-being.
Assessment of difference in physical activities in urban and rural adolescents of Mangalore
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Baisil Sharon 
Published: June 2022

Background: The increasing prevalence of adolescents who are overweight is one of the most pressing public health problems in India. Aims & Objectives: To find the difference in Physical Activities(PA) among urban adolescents to that of rural in Mangalore. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study among high school students using a standard questionnaire (PAQ-A) to elicit total hours of PA during the past seven days. Results: Average age of the adolescents was 13.9. We could find 56% boys and 44% girls studying in urban schools and 53.3% boys and 46.6 % girls in rural. Seventy seven percent of the total students do running/jogging as their major PA and 66.6% students do cycling. Only 32.8% students had PA while coming to school every day and it was most common among boys in rural schools (55%). Total PA Score for rural areas was 453.5 with a mean of 3.06(out of 5). For Urban areas, total score was 376.3 with a mean of 2.5 and the difference in proportion was statistically significant. Conclusion: We found that the adolescents studying in the schools of rural areas had better physical activities compared to their urban school counterparts.
Students perception of teaching-learning methods in Community Medicine at a Government Medical College in Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Rupa , Yadav Subhash Mohan , Joshi Shree Mohan , Kaushik Pratap Bhan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Knowledge of Community Medicine plays a pivot role in effective delivery of health care services. Effective Teaching-Learning (T-L) of a class of 150-200 students is a challenge. Research is needed to identify methods suitable to the needs of the students. Students’ perspective is an important diagnostic feedback tool in this context. Aims & Objectives: To know the students’ preferences and perceptions regarding current T-L methods and their felt need for modification in the T-L approach. Material & Methods: Responses were collected from students pursuing internship regarding their preferences and perception on a pretested, validated semi structured questionnaire, most of the responses were collected on a Likert type five point scale. The data was analyzed by calculating percentage, mean and Standard Deviation (SD). Result: Majority (66.2%) felt a need for modification in T-L Approach and 74% of these opined that it will improve their performance in assessments. Presentation of content was voted as most important component for effective T-L (mean 3.9± 1.39). Desirable modifications was more time allotment to integrated modular T-L (51%) and field visits (26%). Conclusion: A judicious combination of Power point presentations with Modular T-L sessions and Field visits can be a more effective T-L approach in Community Medicine from the students’ perspective.
Teaching clinical empathy to undergraduate medical students of Dehradun: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Srivastava Ashok K , Tiwari Kritika , Vyas Shaili , Semwal Jayanti , Kandpal Sunil Dutt 
Published: June 2022

Background:Empathy, the aptitude to resonate with others’ emotions,influences favourable doctor-patient relationship and treatment outcome. The clinical empathy comes a cropper for medical students as they stride towards the completion of medical course. Empathy is a docile characteristic; hence the lamentable dwindling of clinical empathy is amenable to prevention by specially designed targeted interventions.
Objectives:To evaluate any change in empathy level of undergraduate medical students after an interactive audio-visual teaching session on clinical empathy
Methodology:It was a pre-post quasi experimental study done on 328 undergraduate medical (MBBS) students of Dehradun by using Jefferson Scale of Empathy- Medical Student Version (JSPE-S) with pre-test and post-test separated by an interval of one month after an interactive audio-visual teaching session on clinical empathy.
Results:There was statistically significant improvement in overall mean empathy scores from 99.01(±12.9) to 109.33(±12.8) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.1). Statistically significant improvement in empathy level was seen irrespective of gender, age, MBBS year and area of interest for future speciality with large effect sizes of >0.8.
Conclusion:Clinical empathy can be improved during the years of medical education by specifically designed interventions.
Prevalence of psychological disorders among patients attending community health centers, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Perveen Asma , Khan Rahmattullah Khan Bin Abdul Wahab , Shahadan Md Azman , Hamzah Hazalizah Binti , Hidayah Abas Nurul Ain , Khan Abdul Mujeeb 
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders among community health centers in Batang Padang district Perak. Material & Methods: To conduct this study survey research method was used, seven community health centers in Batang Padang District, Perak were contacted to collect data from (N=216) respondents, who attended health facilities in Batang Padang District. There is no age limit, no education difference and no other requirement needed. Instrument and Materials: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) PRIME Screen and PRIME MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Results: Data collected from seven health community centers revealed that prevalence of Stress 86%, anxiety 124%, depression 67, psychotic symptoms 16%, somatoform symptoms 52%, panic symptoms 28%, and substance abuse 21%. the higher prevalence was stress and depression among people attending health centers. Conclusion: Results findings indicated that there is significant prevalence of psychological disorder among community health centers. Analysis of the results help us to determine that there is strong need to provide psychological services, awareness and education plan, management and prevention for psychological disorders
Do hot-spots of maternal mortality ratio exist in india? A district-level spatial analysis
Authors: Puranik Amitha , Nair Suma , VS Binu , Biju Seena 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hot-spot detection of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) can assist in identifying the exact geographic location of regions that need urgent attention. Aims &Objectives: To detect hot-spots of MMR at district level in the selected nine states of India and the observed pattern was further correlated with hot-spots of certain known risk factors of MMR in the same region. Material &Methods: Data on MMR was obtained from Annual Health Survey 2012-13. Moran’s I was computed for MMR to quantify spatial autocorrelation. The hot-spot analysis of MMR and its potential risk factors were performed using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, a measure of local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). The spatial analysis was based on queen’s contiguity weight matrix and analyses were done using ArcGIS 10.3. Results: The Moran’s I value of MMR was found to be 0.69 indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation. Districts with MMR hot-spotting was largely observed in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, followed by Assam, Bihar and Jharkhand. The hot-spot analysis unveiled an inverse relation of MMR with female literacy rate, mothers who received any antenatal check-up (%), mothers who utilized Janani Suraksha Yojana (%), safe delivery (%) and urbanization (%). Marriages among females below 18 years (%), total fertility rate and women with unmet need for spacing (%) had a direct relation with MMR. Conclusion: Information on hot-spots as depicted in this study can help locate the regions vulnerable to MMR and the potential risk factors, which in turn could aid in implementing targeted intervention programs.
Burden of dermatological manifestations across various age groups of a Hilly State in North India
Authors: Pandey Vivek Kumar , Aggarwal Pradeep , Kakkar Rakesh , Jindal Rashmi 
Published: June 2022

Background: The dermatological condition accounts for an important public health problem of the global load of disease in low and middle-income countries and places significant pressure on primary healthcare centers. There is heterogeneity in the frequency of diverse skin conditions between different areas (1). Most of the knowledge presently available about various aspects of skin diseases is based on observations made and data collected from secondary and tertiary level hospitals (2). Information on community-based prevalence and pattern of skin diseases would be a better measure of burden due to skin diseases in general population in order to assist in the planning of possible intervention strategies (3). Aims & Objectives: To find out the prevalence, distribution, and determinants of various dermatological manifestations at the community level in Doiwala block of district Dehradun. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 12 months, the study subjects comprised of individuals of all age groups. A sample size of 834 (416 males & 418 females) was calculated by using current prevalence of skin diseases (43.7% in males & 44.7% in females) in Uttarakhand (1). Results: Nearly half of the studied population (45.8%) had some type of dermatological manifestations. It was slightly higher in females (47.1%) than males (44.5%). Out of 382 symptomatic respondents, 247 (64.7) had infective dermatoses followed by 124 (32.5%) non-infective, 6 (1.5%) others and 5 (1.3%) nutritional deficiency dermatoses. The gender-wise distribution of various types of dermatoses was found to be statistically significant (?2-15.225, df-3, p-0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of dermatological conditions in district Dehradun is fairly high with increased prevalence in the younger age group that might be an indicator to the fact that the burden of skin diseases may go to rise in the future.
A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Shukla Nandini , Toppo Neelam A , Thakur Aditya , Kasar Pradeep Kumar , Sharma Brajesh 
Published: June 2022

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims & Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District. Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% & 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer.
National Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in India
Authors: Bellad Asha , Kapil Radhika , Gupta Aakriti 
Published: June 2022

Anaemia is a serious public health challenge in India with more than 50% prevalence across vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, infants, young children and adolescents. It has adverse effects on health, physical and mental productivity affecting quality of life. Guideline is any document containing recommendations about health interventions, whether these are clinical, public health or policy recommendations. The National Anemia Prevention and control guidelines have been developed taking cognizance of the current scientific evidence. The National Iron+ Initiative guidelines have been developed by the Adolescent Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Prevention and control of anaemia is one of the key strategies of the Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Programmes for reducing maternal, neonatal and childhood mortality and improving maternal, adolescent and childhood health status. It is estimated that anaemia causes 20 per cent of maternal deaths in India.
Effectiveness of Non-invasive Interventions in Managing Cardiovascular Disease Using Specific Biological Markers
Authors: Bansal Dheeraj , Chuchulo Anastasya 
Published: June 2022

Background: Lifestyle interventions consisting of diet, exercise, psychosocial support and stress management are a clinically effective alternative to the management of cardiovascular diseases that can be feasibly measured and monitored during treatment using various biological markers. Methodology: A thorough Pubmed search was conducted looking for the results of articles that treated cardiovascular disease patients of both sexes and all ages with lifestyle modification in which the effectiveness of lifestyle modification was measured by various biomarkers. Results: The final review was conducted on 11 journal articles that were found examining exercise, diet, psychosocial support and stress management in cardiovascular disease patients and showing a positive benefit of such an intervention and the effects on biomarkers as an alternative to traditional pharmacological treatment. The affected biomarkers found were percent diameter coronary artery stenosis, blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight and fat, heart rate, HbA1c, exercise capacity, C reactive protein, triglycerides and BMI. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification consisting of exercise, low fat, high complex carbohydrate diet, psychosocial support and stress management is clinically efficacious in the treatment of cardiovascular disease as seen by the various changes in biological measures.
The effects of whole-body vibration with plyometric training on physical performance in basketball players
Authors: Usgu Günseli , Yüksel İnci 
Published: June 2022

Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) with plyometric training on physical performance parameters and balance in basketball players.Materials and Methods:Professional basketball players (n=24, age 23.2±6.1 years) were randomly allocated to plyometric training (PT) and plyometric training with WBV (PT+WBV) groups (n=12 each). PT and PT+WBV groups received the same plyometric training program on a whole-body vibration platform for six weeks (two days a week) with routine basketball training. WBV was turned off for the PT group. Jumping performance, strength, speed, agility, flexibility and balance were assessed for all participants. We measured jumping performance using the vertical jump height, strength using the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) half-squat strength test, speed using the 20-meter speed test, agility using the T agility test, flexibility using the sit and reach test, balance using star excursion balance test (SEBT) before and after six weeks of plyometric training in both groups.Results:At the end of six weeks of plyometric training, both groups revealed a significant increase in performance parameters and balance (p<0.05) comparing with pre-training. However, improvements in jumping performance, strength, speed and agility parameters, and balance were statistically greater in the group receiving whole body vibration compared with the plyometric training group (p<0.05).Conclusion:Adding whole body vibration to plyometric training especially in professional athlete's workout programs can result in improvement in physical performance parameters including jumping performance, strength, speed, agility, flexibility, and balance.
Peran Dompet Dhuafa Wasapada Dalam Memberikan Program Pendidikan Kepada Anak-Anak Kurang Mampu Di Kota Medan
Authors: M. Nawawi Zuhrinal , Maulydia Nasution Feby 
Published: June 2022

There are still many children from underprivileged families or poor people who are forced to drop out of school due to lack of funds. This study aims to determine the role of Dompet Dhuafa Waspada in providing solutions or educational programs to address educational inequality for underprivileged children in Medan City. This research is classified as a qualitative research and uses a literature study data collection method. The results of the study show that Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Medan City has several programs to improve the quality of education for underprivileged children, namely Bintang Rabbani School, Success Scholarship and SMART Ekselensia.
Keywords: Dompet Dhuafa, Medan, Zakat
Resource Scarcity and Fulani Herdsmen/Tiv Farmers’ Crisis in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Ekanem Asukwo (Ph.D) 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the dynamics of the resource scarcity as it resulted in Fulani herdsmen/Tiv farmers’ crisis in Benue State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Descriptive design adopted in this study, depended on judgmental sampling technique. Secondary source of data collection (books, journal articles, monographs, internet materials among others) were sourced from internet and Nigerian libraries. These documentary data were subjected to content validity before analyzed qualitatively into the study. In order to deepen knowledge on Fulani herdsmen/Tiv farmers’ crisis in Benue State, the study adopted group theory as its framework of analysis.
Findings: Findings revealed that climate change is the major factor that forced Fulani herdsmen from the Lake Chad Basin to migrate to Benue State; thereby causing resource competition with Tiv farmers. The Fulani herdsmen/Tiv farmers’ crisis has led to security risk, economic loss, humanitarian crisis as well as political division in Benue State. Findings equally revealed that, the federal government of Nigeria has responded to this crisis by proposing various measures, which include Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee, Cattle Colony as well as National Livestock Transformation Plan among others. Regrettably, these measures have not been able to offer lasting solution to the crisis; hence, its impacts continue existing unabated.
Recommendation: This study, therefore, recommends wise use of water resource in Lake Chad Basin, reforestation in the northern Nigeria, as well as immediate implementation of Great Green Wall Initiative, as panacea for Fulani herdsmen/Tiv farmers’ crisis in Benue State.
O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO ACESSO AO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE SEGUNDO A IDENTIDADE DE GÊNERO: A LIBERDADE DE SER VOCÊ MESMO
Authors: LEHMEN JOÃO FELIPE , CORAZZA ANA HELENA SCALCO 
Published: June 2022

10.47975/IJDL.20.lehmen.corazza
A inserção na sociedade talvez seja um dos processos mais duros que o ser humano pode enfrentar. Nesse sentido, nascer e viver com a imagem e registros que não refletem a sua identidade de gênero, seja ele masculino ou feminino, pode redundar no agravamento das dificuldades de inserção no meio social em que se vive. Isso é, se já é difícil para um indivíduo despertar para a sua identidade, e viver segundo esta, em uma sociedade que martiriza seus integrantes para se inserirem nos padrões de normalidade estética e de valores, este conflito é ainda maior para àqueles cuja condição de gênero vai muito além, pois é preciso enfrentar, antes de tudo isso, o conflito interno da própria aceitação. Transcender questões como essas, tanto a partir de um paradigma pessoal, quanto de comunidade e Estado, requer que se abandone a zona de conforto, subtraindo-se de todas as convicções morais conservadoras, religiosas e particularizadas, compreendendo que o transexual é dotado dos mesmos direitos fundamentais que qualquer outro ser humano. Dado esse contexto, esse ensaio visa trazer algumas luzes sobre a existência de aparatos normativos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro que estejam aptos a implementar e propiciar o acesso ao serviço público de saúde segundo a identidade de gênero, bem como se esses, em existindo, de acordo com as suas disposições legais, são eficazes. Parte-se da hipótese de que, a despeito da existência de um corpo normativo que albergue os direitos dos indivíduos segundo o seu próprio reconhecimento de gênero, as maiores barreiras a serem enfrentadas encontram-se na efetividade desses postulados e na sua incorporação em um meio social que ainda estigmatiza as minorias e as diferenças. Desta feita, considerando que a transexualidade e as distintas orientações sexuais são atualmente (em verdade como sempre o foram, ainda que sob opressão) uma realidade plural corriqueiramente posta na vida em sociedade, constituindo-se em pautas estatais centrais em termos políticas públicas, é que a presente pesquisa se justifica socialmente e para o Direito. Para o desenvolvimento do ensaio, as diretrizes metodológicas partirão do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, visando o processo de confirmação ou falseamento da hipótese lançada, sugerindo-se, por fim, um (re)olhar para as políticas públicas de saúde, notadamente no seu acesso mais primário e local, adequando-as as especificidades da população transgênero.