bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctive lithofacies architecture of sand ridges built by storm and ocean currents: An example from a Middle Pleistocene shallow‐marine succession on the Boso Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Shimano Yasushi , Ito Makoto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSand ridges are present in modern storm‐dominated and tide‐dominated shallow‐marine environments worldwide, but the number of published ancient examples is limited. The role of ocean currents in the formation of sand ridges is also poorly understood. This study investigated the lithofacies architecture of a lenticular sandstone body (ca 70 m thick and ca 30 km long) in the upper Mandano Formation (ca 0.6 Ma) on the Boso Peninsula, Japan, to establish criteria for identifying sand ridge deposits built by storm and ocean currents. The sandstone body is unconformably underlain by coastal and valley‐fill deposits and fines upward to outer‐shelf muddy deposits. It consists mainly of medium‐grained to very coarse‐grained sandstones and pebbly sandstones that are moderately to intensely bioturbated and are represented by three‐dimensional compound dune deposits. The body consists of six 10 to 20 m thick units (units 1 to 6 in ascending order), which are each defined by an erosional base and locally capped by storm‐induced fluid mud deposits. Each unit also contains low‐angle (ca 5°) large stratification inclined obliquely to palaeocurrents, indicating lateral accretion surfaces. Units 1 and 2 are characterized by south‐eastward migration (locally north‐westward), smaller dune deposits, storm‐induced sedimentary structures and cold‐water molluscs indicating a palaeowater depth of up to 50 m. The other units are represented by east/north‐eastward migration, larger dune deposits, warm‐water molluscs indicating a palaeowater depth of up to 200 m, and a general lack of storm‐induced sedimentary structures. Temporal changes in the migration directions and lithofacies features of the units indicate that sand ridge formation was initially controlled by storm‐induced currents that were subsequently replaced by the northward or north‐eastward intruding palaeo‐Kuroshio Current in response to the expansion of the shelf during an overall transgression. The initiation and development of the sand ridges may have been supported by the supply of clastic sediments eroded from the underlying coastal and valley‐fill deposits.
AhNPR3 regulates the expression of WRKY and PR genes, and mediates the immune response of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Han Suoyi , Zhou Ximeng , Shi Lei , Zhang Huayang , Geng Yun , Fang Yuanjin , Xia Han , Liu Hua , Li Pengcheng , Zhao Shuzhen , Miao Lijuan , Hou Lei , Zhang Zhongxin , Xu Jing , Ma Changle , Wang Zhenyu , Li Hongyan , Zheng Zheng , Huang Bingyan , Dong Wenzhao , Zhang Jun , Tang Fengshou , Li Shaojian , Gao Meng , Zhang Xinyou , Zhao Chuanzhi , Wang Xingjun 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYSystemic acquired resistance is an essential immune response that triggers a broad‐spectrum disease resistance throughout the plant. In the present study, we identified a peanut lesion mimic mutant m14 derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate‐mutagenized mutant pool of peanut cultivar “Yuanza9102.” Brown lesions were observed in the leaves of an m14 mutant from seedling stage to maturity. Using MutMap together with bulked segregation RNA analysis approaches, a G‐to‐A point mutation was identified in the exon region of candidate gene Arahy.R60CUW, which is the homolog of AtNPR3 (Nonexpresser of PR genes) in Arabidopsis. This point mutation caused a transition from Gly to Arg within the C‐terminal transactivation domain of AhNPR3A. The mutation of AhNPR3A showed no effect in the induction of PR genes when treated with salicylic acid. Instead, the mutation resulted in upregulation of WRKY genes and several PR genes, including pathogenesis‐related thaumatin‐ and chitinase‐encoding genes, which is consistent with the resistant phenotype of m14 to leaf spot disease. Further study on the AhNPR3A gene will provide valuable insights into understanding the molecular mechanism of systemic acquired resistance in peanut. Moreover, our results indicated that a combination of MutMap and bulked segregation RNA analysis is an effective method for identifying genes from peanut mutants.
Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in herpetofauna in Central Appalachia
Authors: Verma Ashutosh , Brandt LaRoy , Runser Samantha , Gruszynski Karen , Gallatin Kenneth , Morgan Joey , Barnhart Hanna , Duke Conner , Brovarney Scott , Geer Allison , Willems Emily , Strobel Raeshelle , Bryant Christian , Pawlowski Emma , Thaker Ashana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a water borne zoonotic disease of global significance that is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Pathogenic leptospires live in the kidneys of reservoir or infected animals and are shed in their urine contaminating water, soil, etc. Rodents are considered the primary reservoir of leptospirosis, but little is known about the role of herpetofauna (non‐avian reptiles and amphibians) in the epidemiology of the disease. To address this, various species of amphibians and reptiles in the Cumberland Gap Region of the Central Appalachia were screened for the presence of Leptospira spp. Kidneys harvested from of a total of 116 amphibians and reptiles belonging to seven species of snakes, seven species of salamanders, seven species of frogs/toads, seven species of turtles and one species of lizards were tested using a highly specific TaqMan based qPCR that targets lipl32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Overall, 15 of the tested 116 amphibians and reptiles were positive (12.9%; 95% CI: 7.4%–20.4%). Of the 101 amphibians, 11 were positive (10.9%; 95% CI: 5.6%–18.7%), and 4 of the 15 reptiles tested positive (26.7%; 95% CI: 7.8%–55.1%). The amplified gene fragments of lipl32 from qPCR positive kidneys were sequenced and found to be identical with known pathogenic Leptospira spp. These results suggest that although the proportion of reptiles and amphibians transmitting pathogenic Leptospira spp. within the environment may be low as compared to rodents, they pose a risk to other susceptible hosts that share their habitats and may have role in maintaining a baseline infection in the environment.
Towards an Ethic of Being-With. An Islamic-Phenomenological Perspective on Human-Animal Encounters
Authors: El Maaroufi (أسماء المعروفي) Asmaa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is hard to imagine human beings without animals: they surround them incessantly. Be it the pets in their own homes, the farm animals in the fields, the birds in the sky, or the insects in the gardens. Human beings cannot be without animals. It may therefore not be surprising that the Qurʾān, as a message addressed to human beings, also refers to animals: dozens of different animals are mentioned in the Qurʾān. Thus, we find the narration of the ant who speaks (Q 27:17–19), the hoopoe who gives advice (Q 27:20–26), and even the raven who taught Qābīl a lesson (Q 5:31). The Qurʾān is full of such narratives that break with traditional images of animals by turning them into supposed aides, giving them voices, and even portraying them as creatures capable of praise, living in communities. God Himself seems to interact with animals in the Qurʾān, even allowing them to become actors in interactions with the Prophets. But how can these narratives be understood? What added value can they offer to the question of the ethically appropriate and just treatment of animals? To answer these questions, this article intends to turn to selected Qurʾānic narratives about encounters between humans and animals by using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. For this purpose, this text will deal with the encounters between humans and animals to explore how an ethical coexistence of human beings and animals can be conceived on the basis of being-with (-each other).
Construction and comprehensive analysis of the competing endogenous RNA network in endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Chong , Cui Lei , Jin Zhen , Sun Lei , Wang Xiaoyan , Chi Xinshu , Sun Qian , Lian Siyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. In this study, we constructed gene co-expression networks to identify key modules and hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of EC.

Results
The MEturquoise module was found to be significantly related to hypertension and the MEbrown module was significantly related to the history of other malignancies. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the MEturquoise module was associated with the GO biological process terms of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, positive regulation of male gonad development, endocardial cushion development, and endothelial cell differentiation. The MEbrown module was associated with GO terms DNA binding, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. A total of 10 hub genes were identified and compared with the available datasets at transcriptional and translational levels.

Conclusions
The identified ceRNAs may play a critical role in the progression and metastasis of EC and are thus candidate therapeutic targets and potential prognostic biomarkers. The two modules constructed further provide a useful reference that will advance understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in EC.
Approaches to multiplicity in publicly funded pragmatic randomised controlled trials: a survey of clinical trials units and a rapid review of published trials
Authors: Pike Katie , Reeves Barnaby C. , Rogers Chris A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Opinions and practices vary around the issue of performing multiple statistical tests in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We carried out a study to collate information about opinions and practices using a methodological rapid review and a survey, specifically of publicly funded pragmatic RCTs that are not seeking marketing authorisation. The aim was to identify the circumstances under which researchers would make a statistical adjustment for multiplicity.

Methods
A review was performed extracting information from articles reporting primary analyses of pragmatic RCTs in one of seven high quality medical journals, in January to June (inclusive) 2018. A survey (Survey Monkey) eliciting opinions and practices around multiplicity was distributed to the 47 registered clinical trials units (CTUs) in the UK.

Results
One hundred and thirty-eight RCTs were included in the review, and survey responses were received from 27/47 (57%) CTUs. Both the review and survey indicated that adjusting for multiplicity was considered most important for multiple treatment comparisons; adjustment was performed for 11/23 (48%) published trials, and 24/27 (89%) CTU statisticians reported they would consider adjustment. Opinions and practices varied around adjustment for multiplicity arising from multiple primary outcomes and interim analyses. Adjustment was considered less important for multiplicity due to multiple secondary outcomes (adjustment performed for 17/136 [13%] published trials and 3/27 [11%] CTU statisticians would consider adjustment) and subgroup analyses (8/85 [9%] published trials adjusted and 6/27 CTU [22%] statisticians would consider adjustment).

Conclusions
There is variation in opinions about adjustment for multiplicity among both statisticians reporting RCTs and applied statisticians working in CTUs. Further guidance is needed on the circumstances in which adjustment should be considered in relation to primary trial hypotheses, and if there are any situations in which adjustment would be recommended in the context of secondary analyses.
Vater’s ampullary carcinoma increases the risk of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective and propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Yang Yifei , Fu Xu , Zhu Saisai , Cai Zhenghua , Qiu Yudong , Mao Liang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a frequent complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed to investigate the impact of Vater’s ampullary carcinoma (VAC) on clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) in patients undergoing PD.

Methods
Clinical data were gathered retrospectively from January 2018 to December 2020 for all patients undergoing PD. The univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify independent risk factors of CR-POPF. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis at a ratio of 1:1 was performed to minimize bias from baseline characteristics between VAC and non-VAC groups. Main postoperative complications were compared between the two groups after PSM.

Results
In 263 patients, 94 (35.7%) patients were diagnosed as VAC. CR-POPF occurred in 99 (37.6%) patients and VAC was identified as an independent risk factor of CR-POPF in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.548, 95% CI = 0.327–0.920, P = 0.023). After PSM, there were similar baseline characteristics between the VAC and non-VAC group. Moreover, VAC group had a higher rate of CR-POPF (P = 0.025) and intra-abdominal infection (P = 0.015) compared to the non-VAC group.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing PD, VAC increases the risk of CR-POPF and several other postoperative complications.
Dynamic chaotic gravitational search algorithm-based kinetic parameter estimation of hepatocellular carcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: He Jianfeng , Wang Tao , Li Yongjin , Deng Yinglei , Wang Shaobo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Kinetic parameters estimated with dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT can help to characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to evaluate the feasibility of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for kinetic parameter estimation and to propose a dynamic chaotic gravitational search algorithm (DCGSA) to enhance parameter estimation.

Methods
Five-minute dynamic PET/CT data of 20 HCCs were prospectively enrolled, and the kinetic parameters k1 ~ k4 and the hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) were estimated with a dual-input three-compartment model based on nonlinear least squares (NLLS), GSA and DCGSA.

Results
The results showed that there were significant differences between the HCCs and background liver tissues for k1, k4 and the HPI of NLLS; k1, k3, k4 and the HPI of GSA; and k1, k2, k3, k4 and the HPI of DCGSA. DCGSA had a higher diagnostic performance for k3 than NLLS and GSA.

Conclusions
GSA enables accurate estimation of the kinetic parameters of dynamic PET/CT in the diagnosis of HCC, and DCGSA can enhance the diagnostic performance.
Quantitative CT comparison between COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumonia suspected as COVID-19: a longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Junzhong , Wang Yuzhen , He Guanghui , Wang Xinhua , Sun Minfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare imaging features between COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumonia (MP).

Materials and methods
The data of patients with mild COVID-19 and MP who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) examination from February 1, 2020 to April 17, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The Pneumonia-CT-LKM-PP model based on a deep learning algorithm was used to automatically quantify the number, volume, and involved lobes of pulmonary lesions, and longitudinal changes in quantitative parameters were assessed in three CT follow-ups.

Results
A total of 10 patients with mild COVID-19 and 13 patients with MP were included in this study. There was no difference in lymphocyte counts at baseline between the two groups (1.43 ± 0.45 vs. 1.44 ± 0.50, p = 0.279). C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in MP group than in COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). The number, volume, and involved lobes of pulmonary lesions reached a peak in 7–14 days in the COVID-19 group, but there was no peak or declining trend over time in the MP group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Based on the longitudinal changes of quantitative CT, pulmonary lesions peaked at 7–14 days in patients with COVID-19, and this may be useful to distinguish COVID-19 from MP and evaluate curative effects and prognosis.
Prevalence and predictors of stroke among individuals with prediabetes and diabetes in Florida
Authors: Khan Md Marufuzzaman , Roberson Shamarial , Reid Keshia , Jordan Melissa , Odoi Agricola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of both prediabetes and diabetes have been increasing in Florida. These increasing trends will likely result in increases of stroke burden since both conditions are major risk factors of stroke. However, not much is known about the prevalence and predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes and yet this information is critical for guiding health programs aimed at reducing stroke burden. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and identify predictors of stroke among persons with either prediabetes or diabetes in Florida.MethodsThe 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data were obtained from the Florida Department of Health and used for the study. Weighted prevalence estimates of stroke and potential predictor variables as well as their 95% confidence intervals were computed for adults with prediabetes and diabetes. A conceptual model of predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes was constructed to guide statistical model building. Two multivariable logistic models were built to investigate predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes.ResultsThe prevalence of stroke among respondents with prediabetes and diabetes were 7.8% and 11.2%, respectively. The odds of stroke were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher among respondents with prediabetes that were ≥ 45 years old (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.74, 10.69), had hypertension (OR = 5.86; CI = 2.90, 11.84) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 3.93; CI = 1.84, 8.40). On the other hand, the odds of stroke among respondents with diabetes were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher if respondents were non-Hispanic Black (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.01, 3.19), hypertensive (OR = 3.56; CI = 1.87, 6.78) and had depression (OR = 2.02; CI = 1.14, 3.59).ConclusionsStroke prevalence in Florida is higher among adults with prediabetes and diabetes than the general population of the state. There is evidence of differences in the importance of predictors of stroke among populations with prediabetes and those with diabetes. These findings are useful for guiding health programs geared towards reducing stroke burden among populations with prediabetes and diabetes.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and mental health assessment of seafarers working on ocean-going vessels during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baygi Fereshteh , Blome Christine , Smith Andrew , Khonsari Nami Mohammadian , Agoushi Arash , Maghoul Arman , Esmaeili-Abdar Mohammad , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Qorbani Mostafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
There are increasing concerns about mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among seafarers. This study aims to assess the effects of the current global health pandemic on life satisfaction and adverse psychological outcomes among seafarers.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 470 multinational seafarers working on board ships of two international shipping companies were assessed. Mental health outcomes were assessed by the general anxiety disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD-8) questionnaire, and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) depressive severity score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of demographic and work-related variables with mental health outcomes.

Results
Overall, 439 out of 470 invited seafarers with a mean age of 34.5 (SD: 8.05) years participated in this study (participation rate: 93.4%). The prevalence of anxiety, depressive, and post-traumatic stress symptoms was 12.4, 14.1, and 37.3%, respectively. In the multivariate model, the current vessel’s signing duration was directly associated with the odds of depressive and intrusion symptoms. Moreover, the duration of work per week was inversely associated with hyper-vigilance and avoidance. Also, non-officers, compared to officers, experienced significantly lower anxiety and depressive symptoms, hyper-vigilance, and avoidance.

Conclusion
The present study revealed a high prevalence of mental health problems among seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend that more evidence is generated regarding psychosocial health issues for this vulnerable occupation.
“MYH9 mutation and squamous cell cancer of the tongue in a young adult: a novel case report”
Authors: Yabe Takako Eva , King Kylie , Russell Susan , Satgunaseelan Laveniya , Gupta Ruta , Chen James , Ashford Bruce 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of tongue cancer in young adults is on the rise. This trend is more pronounced in females. Although the aetiology is still unclear, there is mounting evidence that genetic syndromes can play a key role in development of oral cancers in this patient group. We report the first case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) in a young adult with an MYH9-related disorder (MYH9-RD).Case presentationA 19-year-old female with a germlineMYH9variant (missense variant in exon 2: c.287C > T, (p.Ser96Leu)) was referred to the head and neck surgery department for investigation of a painful, thick right tongue ulcer. She was diagnosed with Epstein syndrome, an MYH9-RD, at 12 years of age. Her main phenotypic features were profound thrombocytopenia and marked renal impairment. The tongue biopsy confirmed SCC. Preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) revealed avidity in the right tongue and ipsilateral level 2A neck lymph node. With substantial preoperative multidisciplinary input, she underwent cancer ablation and microvascular free flap reconstruction. Her pathology showed a 35 mm diameter, 14 mm thick moderately differentiated SCC with perineural and lymphovascular invasion. Two out of 38 right neck nodes were positive for metastasis with extranodal extension. None of the 34 left neck nodes was involved.She had an uneventful recovery and was discharged home on day 6 postoperative day. On day 15 postoperative day, she had catastrophic bleeding in the neck with a respiratory arrest after a forceful cough. She required an emergency tracheostomy and returned to the theatre for haemostasis. Following a short inpatient stay, she was again discharged home and underwent adjuvant therapy consisting of external beam radiotherapy of 60Gy in 30 fractions. On clinical examination and PET at 6 months after surgery, she had no evidence of disease recurrence.ConclusionsMYH9-RD can present with advanced locoregional oral cavity malignancy at an early age. The combination of profound thrombocytopenia and marked renal impairment can impact heavily on routine major head and neck cancer surgery and adjuvant treatment. This rare and challenging condition underlines the importance of early detection of cancer and multidisciplinary team input.