bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of functional organization within the sensorimotor network across the perinatal period
Authors: Dall'Orso Sofia , Arichi Tomoki , Fitzgibbon Sean P. , Edwards A. David , Burdet Etienne , Muceli Silvia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the mature human brain, the neural processing related to different body parts is reflected in patterns of functional connectivity, which is strongest between functional homologs in opposite cortical hemispheres. To understand how this organization is first established, we investigated functional connectivity between limb regions in the sensorimotor cortex in 400 preterm and term infants aged across the equivalent period to the third trimester of gestation (32–45 weeks postmenstrual age). Masks were obtained from empirically derived functional responses in neonates from an independent data set. We demonstrate the early presence of a crude but spatially organized functional connectivity, that rapidly matures across the preterm period to achieve an adult‐like configuration by the normal time of birth. Specifically, connectivity was strongest between homolog regions, followed by connectivity between adjacent regions (different limbs but same hemisphere) already in the preterm brain, and increased with age. These changes were specific to the sensorimotor network. Crucially, these trajectories were strongly dependent on age more than age of birth. This demonstrates that during the perinatal period the sensorimotor cortex undergoes preprogrammed changes determining the functional movement organization that are not altered by preterm birth in absence of brain injury.
Hydrology and biogeochemistry datasets from Sleepers River Research Watershed, Danville, Vermont, USA
Authors: Shanley James B. , Chalmers Ann T. , Denner Jon C. , Clark Stewart F. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Matt Serena , Smith Thor E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Danville, Vermont, USA, was established in 1957 by the U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS). The 111‐km2 area was selected as a representative mixed‐land‐use upland landscape in the northeastern USA, with the objective to study fundamental hydrological processes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) currently operates SRRW and is the fourth federal agency to lead it. SRRW has hosted historic research on snowmelt modelling and streamflow generation processes, and USGS has augmented this hydrological foundation with biogeochemical cycling research. This data note describes five freely available data releases in stable repositories, extending to the late 2010s, from the indicated start date: aqueous chemistry and isotopes (1991); precipitation, water temperature, and streamflow (1991); groundwater levels (1991); ground frost depth (1983); and snow depth and water equivalent (1960). USGS research at SRRW is expected to continue, and we plan to update these releases every 1–3 years.
Advancing credibility in longitudinal research by implementing open science practices: Opportunities, practical examples, and challenges
Authors: Kirtley Olivia J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLongitudinal studies provide unique opportunities to study dynamic developmental processes over time and are often afforded a high degree of credibility. Transparency facilitates evaluation of credibility, yet, research practices that can increase transparency, that is, open science practices, do not appear to be widely implemented in longitudinal developmental research. In the current article I discuss three open science practices (pre‐ and post‐registration, Registered Reports, and data management) and the opportunities they bring to facilitate enhanced credibility in longitudinal studies. Drawing on my own experiences of conducting longitudinal developmental research on adolescent mental health, I provide practical examples of how these open science practices can be implemented. Using open science practices in longitudinal research is also accompanied by challenges, and I specifically discuss the issue of evidencing prior knowledge of data in Registered Reports and some potential solutions to this challenge.
Bathymetry changes caused by sedimentation in an unlined canal of the Chókwè irrigation scheme, Mozambique
Authors: de Sousa Lateiro Salvador , Raude James Messo , Wambua Raphael Muli , Mutua Benedict Mwavu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBathymetric changes have been observed over the years in the Chókwè irrigation scheme (CIS) and little is known about their cause. This study assessed bathymetric variations that have occurred since 2001, when the scheme was last rehabilitated. The bathymetry of canal beds and banks was analysed using GPS‐Rover surveying equipment to determine cross‐section and longitudinal profiles. Water level measurements were performed using staff gauges at nine different sampling stations. Data sets for 2001, 2016 and 2019 were considered. Canal depth changes were captured, and density plots generated. Bathymetric changes of cross‐sectional and longitudinal profiles, slope trend analysis models, canal depth changes and water depth variation, were assessed. Results suggest cross‐sectional and longitudinal bathymetric profiles are affected by sediment accumulation. The depths of canal beds varied from 0.5 to 2.0 m over a span of more than 80 km. Trend analysis models indicated good accuracy for fits in all three reaches in 2001, 2016 and 2019. The forecast accuracy predictors MAPE, MAD and MSD were all found to have minimal values within the acceptable range of 1 and 3 for all the years and sectors. The water depth in the canal showed considerable variation within and across each sampling point and station, varying from 3.5 to less than 1.2 m. These findings will play a significant role in the study of water flow and sedimentation processes in the CIS.
Challenging ‘one size fits all’: Continued use of sprinkler irrigation in a state‐led drip irrigation project in Morocco
Authors: Kettani Abla , Hammani Ali , Taky Abdelilah , Kuper Marcel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current focus on water saving in drip irrigation projects has stifled more classical engineering debates on the relevance of different irrigation techniques for specific field conditions. We show that these debates remain important by analysing a drip irrigation project implemented in a sprinkler irrigation district in north‐west Morocco. The objective is to understand the apparent paradox of a state‐promoted switch to drip irrigation, provided free of charge to farmers who welcomed the project but continued using sprinkler irrigation. Data were gathered during field observations and in interviews with 138 farmers, while secondary data came from the irrigation authority. The results show that most farmers were interested in the drip irrigation project, which solved existing problems of the sprinkler network, including the difficulty of sharing hydrants, high water bills and sharing mobile sprinkler equipment. However, once the project had provided individual water access and customized water bills, 48% of farmers switched totally or partially back to sprinkler irrigation, which they considered better suited to field conditions (soils, crops, irrigation frequency). The implementation of drip irrigation in large‐scale irrigation schemes needs to go beyond the objective of water saving and be adapted to specific natural and socio‐economic conditions.
Macrophage activation in response to shape memory polymer foam‐coated aneurysm occlusion devices
Authors: Chau Sarah M. , Herting Scott M. , Noltensmeyer Dillon A. , Ahmed Hamzah , Maitland Duncan J. , Raghavan Shreya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrain aneurysms can be treated with embolic coils using minimally invasive approaches. It is advantageous to modulate the biologic response of platinum embolic coils. Our previous studies demonstrated that shape memory polymer (SMP) foam coated embolization coils (FCC) devices demonstrate enhanced healing responses in animal models compared with standard bare platinum coil (BPC) devices. Macrophages are the most prevalent immune cell type that coordinate the greater immune response to implanted materials. Hence, we hypothesized that the highly porous SMP foam coatings on embolic coils activate a pro‐regenerative healing phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the number and type of infiltrating macrophages in FCC or BPC devices implanted in a rabbit elastase aneurysm model. FCC devices elicited a great number of infiltration macrophages, skewed significantly to a pro‐regenerative M2‐like phenotype 90 days following implantation. We devised an in vitro assay, where monocyte‐derived macrophages were placed in close association with FCC or BPC devices for 6–72 h. Macrophages encountering SMP FCC‐devices demonstrated highly mixed activation phenotypes at 6 h, heavily skewing toward an M2‐like phenotype by 72 h, compared with macrophages encountering BPC devices. Macrophage activation was evaluated using gene expression analysis, and secreted cytokine evaluation. Together, our results demonstrate that FCC devices promoted a pro‐regenerative macrophage activation phenotype, compared with BPC devices. Our in vitro findings corroborate with in vivo observations that SMP‐based modification of embolic coils can promote better healing of the aneurysm site, by sustaining a pro‐healing macrophage phenotype.
High serum soluble CD155 level predicts poor prognosis and correlates with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jin An‐Li , Yang Yi‐Hui , Su Xi , Yang Wen‐Jing , Liu Te , Chen Wei , Li Tong , Ding Lin , Wang Hao , Wang Bei‐Li , Pan Bai‐Shen , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Yang Xin‐Rong , Guo Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with poor prognosis. There is no research about the clinical significance of serum soluble CD155 (sCD155) level for HCC. We aim to explore the prognostic and diagnostic value of sCD155 in HCC patients undergoing curative resection.MethodsSerum sCD155 level in HCC patients was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The prognostic significance of sCD155 was evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. CD155 expression and biomarkers of immune cells in HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The diagnostic significance of sCD155 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsSerum sCD155 level was significantly increased in HCC patients and predicted poor prognosis. The prognostic value of sCD155 remained in low recurrent risk subgroups of HCC. Serum sCD155 level was positively related to CD155 expression in HCC tissues. High serum sCD155 level was associated with decreased numbers of CD8+T cells and CD56+NK cells and increased number of CD163+M2 macrophages. Serum sCD155 level had better performance in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy donors and patients with chronic liver conditions than α‐fetoprotein. Among patients with α‐fetoprotein ≤ 20 ng/ml, serum sCD155 level could differentiate HCC patients from non‐HCC patients.ConclusionSerum sCD155 level represents a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. High serum sCD155 level may reflect an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in HCC.
Machine learning for post‐traumatic stress disorder identification utilizing resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Rehman Amjad , Shahzad Mirza Naveed , Latif Rabia , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Alyami Jaber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarly detection of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is essential for proper treatment of the patients to recover from this disorder. The aligned purpose of this study was to investigate the performance deviations in regions of interest (ROI) of PTSD than the healthy brain regions, to assess interregional functional connectivity and applications of machine learning techniques to identify PTSD and healthy control using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). The rs‐fMRI data of 10 ROI was extracted from 14 approved PTSD subjects and 14 healthy controls. The rs‐fMRI data of the selected ROI were used in ANOVA to measure performance level and Pearson's correlation to investigate the interregional functional connectivity in PTSD brains. In machine learning approaches, the logistic regression, K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) with linear, radial basis function, and polynomial kernels were used to classify the PTSD and control subjects. The performance level in brain regions of PTSD deviated as compared to the regions in the healthy brain. In addition, significant positive or negative functional connectivity was observed among ROI in PTSD brains. The rs‐fMRI data have been distributed in training, validation, and testing group for maturity, implementation of machine learning techniques. The KNN and SVM with radial basis function kernel were outperformed for classification among other methods with high accuracies (96.6%, 94.8%, 98.5%) and (93.7%, 95.2%, 99.2%) to train, validate, and test datasets, respectively. The study's findings may provide a guideline to observe performance and functional connectivity of the brain regions in PTSD and to discriminate PTSD subject using only the suggested algorithms.
Lessons in a bottle: The outsized impacts of soda in development practice
Authors: Abrahams Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I demonstrate how soda, an ostensibly inconsequential component of development implementation, can have wide‐ranging impacts in shaping programmatic outcomes. Drawing upon 6 months of participant observation alongside an international nongovernmental organization (NGO), I demonstrate how sodas contributed to new ways of valuing time, altered intracommunity and intercommunity relations, and offered unique insight into programme efficacy. In so doing, I argue that refocusing attention beyond the larger discourses of development to the everyday objects, mundane practices, and the interstitial spaces that populate implementation enables critical insights that would otherwise be overlooked.
Bone union‐promoting effect of romosozumab in a rat posterolateral lumbar fusion model
Authors: Kim Geundong , Inage Kazuhide , Shiga Yasuhiro , Mukaihata Tomohito , Tajiri Ikuko , Eguchi Yawara , Suzuki‐Narita Miyako , Takaoka Hiromitsu , Hozumi Takashi , Mizuki Norichika , Tsuchiya Ryuto , Otagiri Takuma , Hishiya Takahisa , Arai Takahito , Toshi Noriyasu , Furuya Takeo , Maki Satoshi , Nakamura Junichi , Hagiwara Shigeo , Aoki Yasuchika , Koda Masao , Takahashi Hiroshi , Akazawa Tsutomu , Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of romosozumab on bone union in a rat posterolateral lumbar fixation model. Posterolateral lumbar fixation was performed on 8‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 20). For bone grafting, autogenous bone (40 mg) was harvested from the spinous processes of the 10th thoracic vertebra until the 2nd lumbar vertebra and implanted between the intervertebral joints and transverse processes of the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae on both sides. Rats were matched by body weight and equally divided into two groups: R group (Evenity®, 25 mg/kg) and control (C) group (saline). Subcutaneous injections were administered twice a week until 8 weeks after surgery. Computed tomography was performed at surgery and week 8 after surgery. The area and percentage of bone trabeculae in the total area of bone fusion were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t test (p < 0.05). We found that the R group rats had significantly higher mean bone union rate and volume than did the C group rats at all time courses starting week 4 after surgery. The R group had significantly higher increase rates than did the C group at weeks 4 and 6 after surgery. The percentage of bone trabeculae area in the R group was approximately 1.7 times larger than that in the C group. Thus, we demonstrated that romosozumab administration has stimulatory effects on bony outgrowth at bone graft sites. We attribute this to the modeling effect of romosozumab.
Meta‐analysis of prevalence: I2 statistic and how to deal with heterogeneity
Authors: Migliavaca Celina Borges , Stein Cinara , Colpani Verônica , Barker Timothy Hugh , Ziegelmann Patricia Klarmann , Munn Zachary , Falavigna Maicon ,   Prevalence Estimates Reviews—Systematic Review Methodology Group (PERSyst)
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a 10‐fold increase in the number of published systematic reviews of prevalence. In meta‐analyses of prevalence, the summary estimate represents an average prevalence from included studies. This estimate is truly informative only if there is no substantial heterogeneity among the different contexts being pooled. In systematic reviews, heterogeneity is usually explored with I‐squared statistic (I2), but this statistic does not directly inform us about the distribution of effects and frequently systematic reviewers and readers misinterpret this result. In a sample of 134 meta‐analyses of prevalence, the median I2 was 96.9% (IQR 90.5–98.7). We observed larger I2 in meta‐analysis with higher number of studies and extreme pooled estimates (defined as <10% or >90%). Studies with high I2 values were more likely to have conducted a sensitivity analysis, including subgroup analysis but only three (2%) systematic reviews reported prediction intervals. We observed that meta‐analyses of prevalence often present high I2 values. However, the number of studies included in the meta‐analysis and the point estimate can be associated with the I2 value, and a high I2 value is not always synonymous with high heterogeneity. In meta‐analyses of prevalence, I2 statistics may not be discriminative and should be interpreted with caution, avoiding arbitrary thresholds. To discuss heterogeneity, reviewers should focus on the description of the expected range of estimates, which can be done using prediction intervals and planned sensitivity analysis.
Variation in sediment and seagrass characteristics reflect multiple stressors along a nitrogen‐enrichment gradient in a New England lagoon
Authors: Haviland Katherine Ann , Howarth Robert Warren , Marino Roxanne , Hayn Melanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examined concentrations of organic carbon, dissolved sulfides, total sediment sulfur, and stable sulfur isotope ratios in seagrass leaf tissues across a nitrogen‐enrichment gradient in a coastal marine ecosystem (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) in 2007–2010 and 2017–2019. We also measured seagrass aboveground and belowground biomass, epibiota biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content. Seagrasses were present at all sites in the former period but were lost at our most nitrogen‐impacted site (Snug Harbor) by 2011. In 2007–2010, sediment organic carbon and dissolved sulfides were highest in Snug Harbor and decreased along the gradient; leaf tissues depleted in 34S also indicated higher sulfide intrusion into seagrass tissues in more eutrophic areas. By 2017–2019, sediment organic carbon and pore‐water soluble sulfides had decreased in Snug Harbor, but had increased at the intermediate site, to levels found at the most impacted site prior to the seagrass die‐off. Again, leaf tissue 34S depletion reflected this pattern, indicating seagrasses were exposed to the highest sulfides at the intermediate site. The decreases in sediment organic carbon and soluble sulfides in Snug Harbor years after the loss of the seagrasses illustrate a feedback between high organic matter in seagrass beds and increasing stressors like elevated soluble sulfides in nutrient‐enriched systems. We found significant relationships between sediment conditions and seagrass responses, including greater aboveground to belowground biomass ratios, epibiota biomass, and 34S‐depleted leaves at sites with high pore‐water sulfide and highly organic sediments. Our research suggests that the reduction of anthropogenic nitrogen entering the harbor is necessary for improving sediment quality and preventing seagrass mortality.
Characteristics of water‐lubricated rubber bearings in mixed‐flow lubrication state
Authors: Du Yuanying , Quan Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo study the lubrication characteristics of water‐lubricated rubber bearings (WLRBs) in‐mixed flow state, based on the classical laminar and turbulent lubrication theories, the mixed‐flow lubrication equations were established for WLRBs. Adopted the finite difference method, the variation of Reynolds number, water film thickness and pressure with eccentricity, rotational speed and length‐to‐diameter ratio under mixed‐flow lubrication model were investigated. The results show that the mixed‐flow lubrication equations are more suitable for WLRBs in actual operating conditions than the laminar and turbulent theories. In the mixed‐flow lubrication model, the Reynolds number decreases when the eccentricity increases in pressure‐bearing zone; meanwhile, it increases with the rotational speeds. The water film thickness decreases when the eccentricity increases. The film pressure increases with eccentricity and rotational speed. This study can provide reference for the accurate analysis of WLRBs lubrication characteristics under actual engineering applications.
Prevalence of insertion sequence elements in plasmids relating to mgrB gene disruption causing colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Fordham Stephen Mark Edward , Mantzouratou Anna , Sheridan Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractColistin is a last resort antibiotic for the treatment of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The disruption of the mgrB gene by insertion sequences (ISs) is a mechanism mediating colistin resistance. Plasmids encode mobilizable IS elements which integrate into the mgrB gene in K. pneumoniae causing gene inactivation and colistin resistance. The species prevalence of mgrB‐gene disrupting insertion elements ISL3 (ISKpn25), IS5 (ISKpn26), ISKpn14, and IS903B present on plasmids were assessed. IS containing plasmids were also scanned for antimicrobial resistance genes, including carbapenem resistant genes. Plasmids encoding ISs are abundant in K. pneumoniae. IS903B was found in 28 unique Inc groups, while ISKpn25 was largely carried by IncFIB(pQil) plasmids. ISKpn26 and ISKpn14 were most often found associated with IncFII(pHN7A8) plasmids. Of the 34 unique countries which contained any of the IS elements, ISKpn25 was identified from 26. ISKpn26, ISKpn14, and IS903B ISs were identified from 89.3%, 44.9%, and 23.9% plasmid samples from China. Plasmids carrying ISKpn25, ISKpn14, and ISKpn26 IS have a 4.6‐, 6.0‐, and 6.6‐fold higher carbapenemase gene count, respectively, relative to IS903B‐carrying plasmids. IS903B bearing plasmids have a 20‐, 5‐, and 5‐fold higher environmental source isolation count relative to ISKpn25, ISKpn14, and ISKpn26 bearing plasmids. ISKpn25 present on IncFIB(pQil) sourced from clinical settings is established across multiple countries, while ISKpn26, ISKpn14, and IS903B appear most often in China. Carbapenemase presence in tandem with IS elements may help promote an extensively drug resistant profile in K. pneumoniae limiting already narrow treatment options.