bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weaned off public money: The effect of discontinued reception of public cash on firm outcomes
Authors: Grajzl Peter , Cepec Jaka , Mörec Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven the large footprint of the public sector in modern capitalist economies, many businesses are recipients of public money. But how are recipient firms impacted when they are weaned off public money? Drawing on unique data from Slovenia, we assemble a firm‐level panel linking comprehensive records on public‐sector cash transactions to businesses with detailed annual information on more than 72,000 firms observed between 2015 and 2019. To address endogeneity, we combine matching with difference‐in‐differences estimation. Weaning‐off on average fundamentally disrupts a firm's production and organization, causing a marked decline in output, total assets, and input use, as well as a decrease in productivity and export proclivity. Several effects of weaning‐off are contingent on firm age. Younger firms undergo comparatively stronger effects on production operations, but, interestingly, only older firms experience negative effects on productivity and liquidity. Estimated aggregate value‐added losses incurred by treated firms fall short of the total amount of public money disbursed to those firms. Thus, from a normative standpoint, diminished transactional involvement of the public sector with firms could potentially generate net social gains. Our analysis offers a new perspective on the repercussions of public sector's involvement in the economy.
Uncovering the structure and function of specialist bacterial lineages in environments routinely exposed to explosives
Authors: Pal Y. , Mayilraj S. , Krishnamurthi S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Environmental contamination by hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), the two most widely used compounds for military operations, is a long-standing problem at the manufacturing and decommissioning plants. Since explosives contamination has previously been shown to favour the growth of specific bacterial communities, the present study attempts to identify the specialist bacterial communities and their potential functional and metabolic roles by using amplicon targeted and whole-metagenome sequencing approaches in samples collected from two distinct explosives manufacturing sites. We hypothesize that the community structure and functional attributes of bacterial population are substantially altered by the concentration of explosives and physicochemical conditions. The results highlight the predominance of Planctomycetes in contrast to previous reports from similar habitats. The detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of operational taxonomic units related to bacterial members known for their explosives degradation. Further, the functional and metabolic analyses highlighted the abundance of putative genes and unidentified taxa possibly associated with xenobiotic biodegradation. Our findings suggest that microbial species capable of utilizing explosives as a carbon, energy or electron source are favoured by certain selective pressures based on the prevailing physicochemical and geographical conditions.
Evolution of infant feeding practices in children from 9 to 24 months, considering complementary feeding indicators and food processing: Results from the Brazilian cohort of the MAL‐ED study
Authors: Andrade Eva Débora de Oliveira , Rebouças Amanda de Sousa , Filho José Q. , Ambikapathi Ramya , Caulfield Laura E. , Lima Aldo Ângelo Moreira , Maciel Bruna Leal Lima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfant feeding practices impact children's nutritional and health status, influencing growth and development. This study aimed to analyse the evolution of infant feeding practices from 9 to 24 months of age, considering infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and food processing. The infant feeding practices in children from the Brazilian site of the MAL‐ED study were evaluated at 9 (n = 193), 15 (n = 182) and 24 months (n = 164) using 24‐h dietary recalls. IYCF indicators were evaluated, and the extent of food processing was evaluated, using the NOVA classification. Breastfeeding declined significantly over time, from 77.6% at 9 months to 45.1% at 24 months. Although dietary diversity did not significantly change during the study period (80.5% at 24 months), the minimum acceptable diet significantly increased from 67.9% to 76.1% at 24 months (p < 0.0005). All the studied children consumed sweetened beverages from 9 months. Unhealthy food consumption and zero vegetable or fruit consumption significantly increased over time (p < 0.0005). Unprocessed food consumption decreased from 9 to 24 months of age (p < 0.0005), while ultra‐processed food consumption increased (p < 0.0005) during the study period. Logistic regressions showed that, at 9 months, breastfed children presented a lower risk for ultra‐processed food consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.77); and children reaching the minimum acceptable diet presented more risk for ultra‐processed food consumption (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.01–5.27). In conclusion, data showed a reduction in the quality of infant feeding practices over the first 2 years of life, with a decrease in breastfeeding and an increase in the consumption of unhealthy and ultra‐processed foods.
On a coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashvili system associated with an elliptic curve
Authors: Fu Wei , Nijhoff Frank W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashvili system associated with an elliptic curve, proposed by Date, Jimbo, and Miwa [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 52:766–771, 1983], is reinvestigated within the direct linearization framework, which provides us with more insights into the integrability of this elliptic model from the perspective of a general linear integral equation. As a result, we successfully construct for the elliptic coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashvili system not only a Lax pair composed of differential operators in 2 × 2 matrix form but also multisoliton solutions with phases parametrized by points on the elliptic curve. Dimensional reductions based on the direct linearization, to the elliptic coupled Korteweg–de Vries and Boussinesq systems, are also discussed. In addition, a novel class of solutions is obtained for the ‐type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with nonzero constant background as a by‐product.
Daily‐level assessment of the contexts under which seeking social support relates to risk of suicidal thinking
Authors: Mournet Annabelle M. , Kellerman John K. , Yeager April L. , Rosen Rachel L. , Kim Joanne S. , Kleiman Evan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPerceived social support is a well‐established protective factor against suicidal ideation, yet few studies have examined how actually seeking social support relates to suicidal ideation. We investigated the contexts under which social support seeking may be related to greater, or lesser, suicidal ideation.MethodsUndergraduates completed ecological momentary assessments up to 6 times daily. Multi‐level moderated logistic regressions examined interactions between presence of daily‐level support seeking with burdensomeness and loneliness as indicators of same‐day and next‐day suicidal ideation.ResultsSeeking social support was positively associated with same‐day, but not next‐day reports of suicidal thinking. On days when participants felt burdensome and sought support, they had greater odds of reporting suicidal ideation (OR = 1.659, 95% CI = [1.420, 1.938]), compared with days they felt burdensome but did not seek support. There was no effect of burdensomeness on next‐day ideation. There was no significant interaction effect between support seeking and loneliness on same‐day or next‐day ideation.ConclusionsSeeking support and feeling like a burden are associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation. The current results underscore the importance of equipping at‐risk individuals with a toolbelt of a variety of coping skills.
Is agriculture an occupation or a sector? Gender inequalities in a European context
Authors: Shortall Sally , Marangudakis Vangelis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on inequalities in agriculture in the European Union. We examine the mismatch between European legislation on employment and any rigorous interrogation of women's employment position in agriculture. Our central argument is that this occurs because agriculture is seen as a sector rather than an occupation. DG AGRI is responsible for European agricultural and rural development policies. DG EMPLOYMENT does not have oversight for the agricultural workforce in the same way as other occupations as the existence of DG AGRI means farming is less obviously understood as an occupation. There are no similar measures to address the under‐representation of women in agriculture in the same way as for science, technology, engineering and mathematics occupations. We demonstrate that when agricultural policies are seen as relating to an occupation rather than a sector, it becomes clearer how agricultural policy discriminates against women.
Outcomes associated with family presence at the bedside of critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Fakhory Nicole , Lee Laurie A. , Seabrook Jamie A. , Ryan Molly , Miller Lauren , Foster Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the outcomes of family presence at the bedside of critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) that have been reported in the literature.

Introduction:
PICU admission is traumatic for critically ill children and their family members, and family presence may alleviate negative outcomes. Family presence may change with family member, patient, health care provider, and institutional circumstances. Prior to designing studies to assess the outcomes of family presence at the bedside, or to conducting a systematic review of the literature, a scoping review is needed to systematically identify and map the outcomes for stakeholders.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include literature addressing outcomes of family presence at the bedside in the PICU on the patient, family members, and health care providers. Emotional, social, psychological, and physiological outcomes will be considered, including outcomes on the provision of PICU care.

Methods:
A systematic search will be undertaken across four databases and several sources of gray literature. The review will not be restricted by language, and will be limited to sources published after 1960. The search strategy was designed using text words from titles and abstracts of relevant studies. Title and abstract screening, followed by full text assessment of sources against inclusion criteria, will be completed in duplicate. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool developed by the study team. Data will be presented in tabular format to address findings related to the review objectives.
Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Modeling of a Flexible Lithium-Ion Battery Made From Semi-Solid Electrodes
Authors: Zakri Waleed , Fagehi Hassan , Alhadri Muapper , Abutaleb Ahmed , Farhad Siamak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a strong oncoming consumer market demand for use in wearable electronic devices, flexible smart electronics, roll-up displays, electronic shelf labels, active radio-frequency identification tags, implantable medical devices, and so forth. This market demand necessitates research and development of new flexible LIBs to fulfill the electrical energy and power requirements of these next-generation devices. In this study, we investigate the performance of a new flexible LIB made from semi-solid electrodes. The semi-solid electrodes are made by adding a mixture of electrode active material and conductive material to the organic liquid electrode. This gives dense and viscous slurry so that all solid particles can move by acting pressure, shear, or bending forces to the battery. To study the performance of this battery we develop a 3D heterogeneous mathematical model that considers all necessary transport phenomena including the charge and mass transfer and electrochemical reactions at the continuum mechanics level on the reconstructed 3D structure of semi-solid electrodes. The finite element analysis (FEA) method was used to solve the governing equations using the comsol multiphysics software package. The model is validated using experimental data for the flexible LIB made in the lab. Based on the developed model, several studies are conducted to understand the effect of the battery discharge rate and the operating temperature on the battery capacity. These studies recommend an operational range for the temperature and discharge rate for this flexible LIB.
Exergo-Economic and CO2 Emission Analysis of Bi-Symmetrical Web Flow Photovoltaic-Thermal System Under Diurnal Conditions
Authors: Tirupati Rao V. , Raja Sekhar Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The undesired heat evolved in photovoltaic (PV) module during its regular operation must be removed to aspire to reliable power output. PV installations in tropical and sub-tropical regions experience abrupt PV module heating, especially during summer seasons that lead to a hot spot effect. Photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) system has proven to provide module cooling satisfactorily with various working fluids while delivering a higher annual energy yield. In the present study, experiments were carried out on novel web flow channel PVT module at Vellore (12.9165 ° N, 79.1325 ° E), India. The present research was carried out under outdoor conditions with various mass flowrates ranging 0.5– 2 L per minute under sunny and overcast conditions. Water was used as working fluid in the PVT system, and performance results were compared to 335 Wp reference polycrystalline PV module under similar operating conditions. PVT with bi-symmetrical web flow thermal absorber gave maximum overall efficiency of 63.09% obtained at 1.5 LPM mass flowrate of the water. Estimation of CO2 mitigations for PVT system earned 8.2% higher savings than the PV module alone under overcast conditions.
Role of Oxidizer Mixture Composition on Stabilizing Stratified Oxy-Flames in Dual Lean Premixed Combustors for Gas Turbines
Authors: Nemitallah Medhat A. , Hamzat Abdulhammed K. , Ismaila Kehinde G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of oxidizer composition on stability and combustion and emission characteristics of stratified premixed CH4-O2-CO2 flames in a dual annular counter-rotating swirl (DACRS) burner for wider near blowout operability of gas turbines. Flame stratification was achieved by dividing the incoming reactants into primary and secondary streams of different oxygen fractions (OF). The effects of primary and secondary OFs (primary OFs: 60%, 50%, and 30%; and secondary OFs: 60%, 50%, 40%, and 30%) were numerically investigated at fixed inlet throat velocities and equivalence ratios (φ) of the primary and the secondary streams of 6 m/s and 2 m/s and of 0.9 and 0.55, respectively. The probability distribution function has been used to average the thermochemical properties and reaction rates. Two distinct flame shapes, the v-shaped and the conical-shaped were identified as a function of the oxidizer composition. V-shaped flames with enhanced flow mixing, strong inner and outer recirculation zones (IRZ and ORZ), and intensive interactions between both streams at lower Damkohler number (Da) were recorded for OFs within 30–50%. This indicates the ability of the DACRS burner to extend the lean blowout limit by holding stratified stable flames of lower OFs. The flame shape turned into a conical shape at OFs of 60–60% for both streams, the IRZ disappeared, intensive reaction rates of higher Da attained, and the flashback mechanism approached. Weak flame/flow interactions were observed at OFs higher than 50% with excessive combustion temperature near the burner tip. CH4 disappeared very close to the burner tip, indicating fast reactions.
Comparative Studies on Shear Failure Behaviors of U71Mn Rail Steel at High Strain Rates Using Hat-Shaped Specimens
Authors: Wu Jianbing , Wang Zhanjiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The shear failure behaviors of U71Mn rail steel are investigated by quasi-static and dynamic compression tests utilizing two different hat-shaped specimens: S1 which combines shear and compressive stress states and S2 which combines shear and tensile stress states. A split Hopkinson pressure bar is used to acquire shear stress–strain curves at various initial temperatures and shear strain rates, and it is found that a lower shear strain rate is observed in hat-shaped specimen S1 than that in hat-shaped specimen S2 under the same impact pressure. Scanning electron microscopy is employed for observing the microstructures of specimens. The results indicate that the hat-shaped specimen S1 is difficult to form voids and dimples. Moreover, as far as the hat-shaped specimen S2 is concerned, the number of voids reduces with the rising shear strain rate, and no voids appear on the fracture surface at the shear strain rate of 36,000 s−1. Furthermore, the creation of voids is aided by a rise in initial temperature. The factors affecting the formation of adiabatic shear bands are explored based on the numerical simulation, which suggests that the magnitude of the temperature gradient plays a crucial role in the generation of adiabatic shear bands.
Multifidelity Optimization Under Uncertainty for Robust Design of a Micro-Turbofan Turbine Stage
Authors: Adjei Richard Amankwa , Zheng Xinqian , Lou Fangyuan , Ding Chuang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a multifidelity optimization strategy for efficient uncertainty quantification and robust optimization applicable to turbomachinery blade design. The proposed strategy leverages freeform parameterization technique for flexible geometric perturbation and multifidelity information to reduce the number of evaluations of the expensive information source needed for robust optimization. The multifidelity Monte Carlo method was used to construct and exploit a surrogate-based multifidelity model based on the combination of high and low-fidelity CFD simulations and cheap regression models. Uncertainty quantification and robust optimization considering manufacturing tolerances were performed at a single operating point. An improvement in mean isentropic expansion efficiency of 2.98% was achieved for the robust design compared with the baseline although the mean mass flow rate and total pressure ratio differed by 1.72% and 0.67%, respectively. Compared to a single high-fidelity model, the multifidelity model was able to estimate the mean with a maximum deviation of 0.28% and 2.9% for the standard deviation. Furthermore, the multifidelity model realized a percentage reduction in computational cost of 66.18% for a combination of high fidelity CFD and regression models and 17.87% for high and low CFD models. One key observation was that, for small sampled high-fidelity CFD datasets that are highly correlated, it is possible to use only the high-fidelity model combined with regression models for constructing the multifidelity model without the need for low-fidelity CFD dataset. This significantly reduces the computational cost and time for acquiring and constructing a reliable stochastic model whiles maintaining reasonable accuracy.
Thermal Convection for an Oldroyd-B Fluid in an Anisotropic Porous Medium Underlying a Fluid Layer
Authors: Yin Chen , Pan Panpan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the thermal convection in a fluid layer overlying an anisotropic porous medium with Oldroyd-B fluids in the paper. The linear stability analysis and the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method are used to obtain the numerical results. We found that the neutral curves are bimodal at some depth ratios. The proper values of the permeability ratio and the thermal diffusivity ratio are found to stabilize the stationary convection and the oscillatory convection. Furthermore, the variation of permeability ratio does not affect the bimodal nature of the neutral curves. In addition, the increase in the stress relaxation time has an unstable effect on the oscillatory convection, but the strain retardation time has the opposite effect.
Disease burden of primary biliary cholangitis and associated pruritus based on a cross-sectional US claims analysis
Authors: Gungabissoon Usha , Gibbons Daniel C , Requena Gema , Ribeiro de Souza Andrea , Smith Helen 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn order to identify areas of unmet need in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), this study sought to use real-world observational healthcare data to characterise the burden in patients with PBC and in PBC patients with a recorded diagnosis of pruritus.DesignThis retrospective, cross-sectional database study compared prevalence of prespecified comorbidities and medications in the PBC population and PBC-pruritus subpopulation with non-cases using an indirect standardisation approach. The PBC population was identified from the US IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Database during 2016 using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes (≥2 claims for PBC); the PBC-pruritus subpopulation additionally had ≥1 claim for pruritus during this period. Non-cases had no claims for PBC. Indirect age-sex standardised prevalence ratios (iSPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for prespecified comorbidities and medications recorded during 2017.ResultsThe PBC population (N=1963) and PBC-pruritus subpopulation (N=139) had significantly higher prevalence of fatigue (19.9%, iSPR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.36 to 1.66); 26.6%, 2.10 (1.48 to 2.90)), depression/anxiety (21.3%, 1.09 (0.99 to 1.20); 28.1%, 1.46 (1.04 to 2.00)) and sleep-related issues (6.9%, 1.18 (0.99 to 1.40); 14.4%, 2.58 (1.58 to 3.99)) compared with non-cases. Bile acid sequestrants were prescribed in 5.8% and 18.0% of the PBC and PBC-pruritus populations, respectively. In general, a higher prevalence of comorbidities and medication use was observed in the PBC-pruritus subpopulation compared with the PBC population and non-cases.ConclusionDespite availability of treatments for PBC, the PBC population had a higher burden of comorbidities than non-cases. This burden was even greater among the PBC-pruritus subpopulation, with a particularly high prevalence of sleep disorders and depression/anxiety. Despite this, pruritus remains undertreated highlighting a need for treatments specifically indicated for cholestatic pruritus.