bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the health status of mammary glands and compositional changes in udder‐half milk obtained from dairy goats for milk quality management
Authors: Nagahata Hajime , Fuse Mayumi , Umehara Kenji , Gondaira Satoshi , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Hisaeda Keiichi , Kumano Yasutaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the health status of the mammary glands and milk composition of dairy goats. The California mastitis test (CMT) score, somatic cell counts (SCCs), somatic cell type, electrical conductivity (EC), N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity, mastitis‐causing pathogens, and milk composition in 121 udder‐half milk samples from 62 crossbreed goats (1–3 years old) at 23–45 days postpartum were compared in four categories with SCCs of <200 × 103, <300 × 103, 301–1000 × 103, and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The SCC, CMT score, EC, and NAGase activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in udder‐half milk with SCCs of <200 × 103 and <300 × 103 cells/ml than those in milk with SCCs of 301–1000 × 103 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The protein, lactose/ash, and solids‐not‐fat (SNF) in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml were similar to the previously reported values. The proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in milk with SCCs of 301–1000 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml than in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml. Assessing mammary gland health and milk composition based on categorization of udder‐half milk by SCC may be useful for milk quality control on goat farms.
Isoflavones and their metabolites influence the milk production ability of bovine mammary epithelial cells in a type‐specific manner
Authors: Tsugami Yusaku , Wakasa Haruka , Kawahara Manabu , Nishimura Takanori , Kobayashi Ken 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDairy cows feed on isoflavones as physiologically active substances present in legumes. However, the influences of isoflavones (biochanin A, genistein, formononetin, and daidzein) and their metabolites (p‐ethylphenol and equol) on milk components production, tight junctions (TJs), and their regulatory pathways are unclear in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In this study, we investigated the influences of isoflavones and their metabolites in BMECs using an in vitro culture model. The influences of isoflavones on milk components production, TJ proteins, and STAT5/STAT3 signaling pathways were different in a type‐specific manner. Biochanin A decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of both β‐casein and lactoferrin while a decrease in activated STAT5 and an increase in activated STAT3. In contrast, equol increased claudin‐3, which is the main components for less‐permeable TJs in lactation, while an increase in activated STAT5. In addition, a mixture of multiple isoflavones based on the intake of red clover increased secretion of lactoferrin, mRNA expression of β‐casein, and amount of claudin‐3, but a mixture based on soy did not affect the BMECs. Thus, these results indicate that isoflavones in legumes and the metabolic activity of isoflavones in dairy cows when feeding legumes may affect the milk production ability in BMECs.
Comparative efficacy and safety of prostatic urethral lift vs prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lucas‐Cava Vanesa , Sánchez‐Margallo Francisco Miguel , Insausti‐Gorbea Iñigo , Sun Fei 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prostatic urethral lift (PUL) and prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by means of a systematic review and network meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Web of Science from inception to March 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PUL or PAE with either transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or sham procedures as control interventions. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to pool the data on direct and indirect comparisons between interventions using STATA 14.ResultsEight RCTs with 675 participants were included in our network meta‐analysis. Quantitative synthesis revealed that TURP was the most efficacious intervention for clinical (International Prostate Symptoms Score and quality of life) and functional outcomes (maximum urinary flow rate and post‐void residual urine volume), and was associated with a lower reintervention rate compared with PAE (risk ratio [RR] 2.08 with 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 4.51) and PUL (RR 2.33 with 95% CI 0.50 to 10.86), although the difference were not statistically significant. Indirect comparison indicated that PUL and PAE resulted in similar outcomes. PAE was associated with fewer minor adverse events (AEs; RR 0.75 with 95% CI 0.48 to 1.18) and PUL with fewer major AEs (RR 0.72 with 95% CI 0.17 to 3.13) when compared with TURP. Whilst PAE had a better ranking with regard to improvement of most clinical and functional outcomes, PUL was the best ranked procedure regarding erectile function, as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function 5, but no significant difference was observed.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that PUL and PAE have similar clinical efficacy and safety profiles in the management of LUTS associated with BPH. However, the quality of evidence is relatively low because of the paucity of RCTs available, and results should be interpreted with caution.
Litigation in the management of urinary stone disease
Authors: Yang Bingyuan , Goldsmith Louise , Turney Ben , Reynard John 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo present common technical and non‐technical issues leading to medicolegal litigation, illustrated by a series of 54 cases, with the aim of using these examples to prevent harm to patients and to prevent surgeons from having to experience the stress of litigation.MethodsA series of 78 medicolegal litigation cases reviewed by a single expert witness over 13 years from 2008 to 2021 was analysed by two reviewers. Twenty‐nine cases were identified as having a non‐technical learning point and 25 were identified as having a technical learning point. These are discussed using illustrative examples and the steps that could have avoided these issues are considered.ResultsAll major issues and themes are illustrated with cases demonstrating the errors that lead to litigation and the often‐simple steps that can be taken to avoid them. Out of 29 non‐technical issues, 13 involved consent issues (45%), eight involved delays in treatment (28%) and eight involved failure to provide adequate safeguarding advice (28%). Out of 25 technical issues, 13 cases involved intra‐operative problems (52%) including nine ureteric injuries, eight involved errors or omissions in the immediate preoperative period (32%) and four resulted from decisions around emergency decompression of the obstructed infected kidney. These emergency cases featured complications of amputation (two out of four) and death (one out of four). These decisions are complex and there are many subtleties to these cases, which are discussed in detail.ConclusionWe hope that this case series highlights the potentially catastrophic outcomes of even small errors of judgement, and allows careful stone surgeons to learn from the experiences of those unfortunate others without having to encounter these situations themselves.
Review: Which components of behavioral parent and teacher training work for children with ADHD? – a metaregression analysis on child behavioral outcomes
Authors: Hornstra Rianne , Groenman Annabeth P. , van der Oord Saskia , Luman Marjolein , Dekkers Tycho J. , van der Veen‐Mulders Lianne , Hoekstra Pieter J. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThis metaregression analysis examined which behavioral techniques that are commonly used in behavioral parent and teacher training programs for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were related to program effectiveness on children's behavioral outcomes.MethodsWe included 32 randomized controlled trials (N = 2594 children) investigating behavioral parent training, teacher training, or a combination, in children with ADHD under 18 years. Outcomes were symptom counts of total ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity‐impulsivity and behavioral problems. The dosage of techniques was extracted from the intervention manuals. Metaregression was used to assess which techniques and intervention characteristics (setting, delivery method, duration, and home‐school collaboration) were associated with intervention effectiveness.ResultsHigher dosage of psycho‐education for parents was associated with smaller effects on behavioral problems and, only in case of parent training, also with smaller effects on ADHD symptoms. Higher dosage of teaching parents/teachers to use negative consequences was associated with larger effects on behavioral problems. Individual training compared with group training was associated with larger effects on ADHD and hyperactivity‐impulsivity symptoms.ConclusionsThis study provides first insights into the specific techniques that are essential in behavioral parent and teacher training programs for children with ADHD. This knowledge can eventually be used to improve and tailor interventions.
A framework and case study to systematically identify long‐term insect abundance and diversity datasets
Authors: Grames Eliza M. , Montgomery Graham A. , Boyes Douglas H. , Dicks Lynn V. , Forister Matthew L. , Matson Tanner A. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Prendergast Kit S. , Taylor Nigel G. , Tingley Morgan W. , Wagner David L. , White Thomas E. , Woodcock Paul , Elphick Chris S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiodiversity is in crisis, and insects are no exception. To understand insect population and community trends globally, it is necessary to identify and synthesize diverse datasets representing different taxa, regions, and habitats. The relevant literature is, however, vast and challenging to aggregate. The Entomological Global Evidence Map (EntoGEM) project is a systematic effort to search for and catalogue studies with long‐term data that can be used to understand changes in insect abundance and diversity. Here, we present the overall EntoGEM framework and results of the first completed subproject of the systematic map, which compiled sources of information about changes in dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) occurrence, abundance, biomass, distribution, and diversity. We identified 45 multi‐year odonate datasets, including 10 studies with data that span more than 10 years. If data from each study could be gathered or extracted, these studies could contribute to analyses of long‐term population trends of this important group of indicator insects. The methods developed to support the EntoGEM project, and its framework for synthesizing a vast literature, have the potential to be applied not only to other broad topics in ecology and conservation, but also to other areas of research where data are widely distributed.
Cytology coupled with immunocytochemistry identifies Merkel cell carcinoma: A rare intruder in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kundu Reetu , Singh Brijdeep , Dey Pranab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma is an uncommon aggressive skin tumour which is well known for its recurrence and metastasis. Leptomeningeal metastasis involving the cerebrospinal fluid is extremely rare. The diagnosis may easily be missed as it simulates other much more common small round blue cell tumours. A patient history with a primary diagnosis may not always be available. Awareness and cytomorphological vigilance with judicious employment of appropriate immunomarkers on limited cerebrospinal fluid samples is indispensable for reaching the correct diagnosis. The tumour cells are usually monotonous small round cells, singly scattered or arranged in loosely cohesive clusters. Cells have round to elongated nuclei with coarsely granular chromatin, nuclear moulding in places and scanty basophilic cytoplasm. A limited immunocytochemistry panel employing CK20 and CD56, for which the tumour is positive, is confirmatory. We herein present a case of infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid by Merkel cell carcinoma.
Repellent activity of trans‐anethole and tea tree oil against Aedes aegypti and their interaction with OBP1, a protein involved in olfaction
Authors: Ajmal Laiba , Hamid Amna , Raza Faiz Ahmed , Chaudhary Safee Ullah , Iman Kanzal , Ajmal Sidra , Younas Hooria , Khalid Ruqyya , Iqbal Mazhar , Tasadduq Raazia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMosquitoes act as vectors for the transmission of various infectious pathogens. The associated diseases are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and can be prevented by effective vector control and management. Natural compounds have become a potential alternative to synthetic repellents that are unsafe and harmful to the environment. The repellent activity of trans‐anethole and tea tree [Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & E. Betche) Cheel, Myrtaceae] oils was tested against the vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) by performing a modified arm‐in‐cage and cloth‐patch repellent assay. Tea tree oil [EC50 = 0.002 mg ml−1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001–0.003] was found to be a more potent repellent than trans‐anethole (EC50 = 0.003 mg ml−1, 95% CI = 0.001–0.007). Tea tree oil was determined to have a complete protection time of 60 min, which was less than N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET), which was used as a control (480 min). The binding affinity of trans‐anethole and terpinen‐4‐ol (a major component of tea tree oil) for the protein target AaegOBP1, a component of the olfactory system of Ae. aegypti, was determined using blind and targeted molecular docking. The results of molecular docking were in accordance with the findings of the repellent assay. OBP1 was found to have a better binding affinity for terpinen‐4‐ol (ΔG = −7.1 kcal per mol) than trans‐anethole (ΔG = −6.9 kcal per mol). In addition, a hydrogen bond of 0.1997 nm (1.997 Å) long was formed between PHE123 of OBP1 and terpinen‐4‐ol as established with Mcule. Further detailed analysis and experimentation of natural products as repellents is required as they may replace currently used synthetic repellents – natural repellents generally have less side effects and lower toxicity while being cost‐effective and easily available.
Combined electrophysiological and morphological phenotypes in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy and their healthy siblings
Authors: Stier Christina , Loose Markus , Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Elshahabi Adham , Li Hegner Yiwen , Marquetand Justus , Braun Christoph , Lerche Holger , Focke Niels K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveGenetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is characterized by aberrant neuronal dynamics and subtle structural alterations. We evaluated whether a combination of magnetic and electrical neuronal signals and cortical thickness would provide complementary information about network pathology in GGE. We also investigated whether these imaging phenotypes were present in healthy siblings of the patients to test for genetic influence.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed 5 min of resting state data acquired using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients, their siblings, and controls, matched for age and sex. We computed source‐reconstructed power and connectivity in six frequency bands (1–40 Hz) and cortical thickness (derived from magnetic resonance imaging). Group differences were assessed using permutation analysis of linear models for each modality separately and jointly for all modalities using a nonparametric combination.ResultsPatients with GGE (n = 23) had higher power than controls (n = 35) in all frequencies, with a more posterior focus in MEG than EEG. Connectivity was also increased, particularly in frontotemporal and central regions in theta (strongest in EEG) and low beta frequencies (strongest in MEG), which was eminent in the joint EEG/MEG analysis. EEG showed weaker connectivity differences in higher frequencies, possibly related to drug effects. The inclusion of cortical thickness reinforced group differences in connectivity and power. Siblings (n = 18) had functional and structural patterns intermediate between those of patients and controls.SignificanceEEG detected increased connectivity and power in GGE similar to MEG, but with different spectral sensitivity, highlighting the importance of theta and beta oscillations. Cortical thickness reductions in GGE corresponded to functional imaging patterns. Our multimodal approach extends the understanding of the resting state in GGE and points to genetic underpinnings of the imaging markers studied, providing new insights into the causes and consequences of epilepsy.
Emerging Ideas. A ripple effect: Does I‐sharing with a stranger promote compromise in cohabiting couples?
Authors: Gehman Rachel M. , Pinel Elizabeth C. , Johnson Leslie C. , Grover Kristin W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveDrawing from work on the prosocial outcomes associated with I‐sharing, we asked whether I‐sharing with a stranger enhances couples' ability to compromise.BackgroundLiving together harmoniously requires compromise. Research on the psychological factors that promote compromise frequently focuses on individual differences and interpersonal environment. The current research takes a different approach by asking what role I‐sharing (i.e., the feeling that others share the same in‐the‐moment, subjective experience as oneself) plays in the success of a cohabiting couple's compromise efforts.MethodBoth members of a cohabiting couple privately reported the percentage of time they spend on household tasks (the Division of Household Labor inventory [DHL]) before undergoing a manipulation in which they either did or did not have an I‐sharing experience with a stranger. Participants then completed the DHL again, this time working together with their cohabiting partner to reach a consensus in their responses. Finally, participants had another chance to complete the DHL in private, receiving the instruction to respond with their true beliefs.ResultsWhen relationship partners worked together to complete the DHL at the second reporting, their responses were identical. At the third (private) DHL reporting, consistent with prediction, couples assigned to the I‐share condition showed more agreement with their partner than couples assigned to the No I‐share condition.ConclusionThis finding suggests that the prosociality generated by I‐sharing can promote compromise in cohabiting couples.ImplicationsI‐sharing holds promise as a therapeutic tool to promote compromise in treatment‐seeking families and couples.
Eliminating deprivation and breaking through dependence: A mechanism to help poor households achieve sustainable livelihoods by targeted poverty alleviation strategy
Authors: Yu Chao , Gao Junbo , Han Yong , Wang Yimin , Sun Jianwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeprivation and dependence are the main signs of poverty, and elimination of both constitutes a major means of poverty alleviation. The foremost goal of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy (TPAS) and the sustainable livelihood analysis framework (SLAF) was thus the elimination of deprivation and dependence. Together, TPAS and SLAF form a poverty alleviation mechanism that provides an opportunity to conduct a systematic analysis of TPAS implementation that achieved world‐renowned results in poverty alleviation. In this study, we comprehensively compare the changes in households and villages in a poor county before and after the implementation of TPAS; furthermore, we use a multilevel model to analyze the mechanism behind the functioning of the “Household‐Village” multilevel structure in the poverty alleviation process. The TPAS implemented a comprehensive livelihood system for poor households, whereby multidimensional deprivation was eliminated by supplementing livelihood capitals. Acquisition‐oriented assistance policies were offered to different groups to build customized paths of poverty alleviation, which ultimately helped poor households break through poverty and achieve sustainable livelihoods. This study highlights the close connection between the various components of the livelihood system, provides new research ideas for the study of China's TPAS and presents a reference template for the promotion of China's poverty alleviation programs.
Advantages of external quality assessment‐EQA programs
Authors: Montalvão Silmara Aparecida de Lima , Lowe Anna , Kitchen Steve 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe first external quality assessment (EQA) in Thrombosis and Haemostasis was elaborated over 20 years ago, and since then, several national and international EQA institutions have been established.AimDisplay the benefits of EQA programs.MethodsThe spectrum of EQA action was evaluated ranges from improving the performance of the local laboratory to highlighting inadequate diagnostic tests that need to be replaced by new technologies.ResultsThe first result approach is related to a national management of quality in laboratories. In recent years, Brazil has invested in an EQA program to aid public policy in the laboratory area. During this period, a group of haemostasis laboratory specialists were invited to manage the results and help the Ministry of Health with applying these results as a strategy to improve laboratories. Thus, in collaboration with NEQAS‐BC, the University of Campinas – UNICAMP, established a Brazilian EQA program for Blood Coagulation. The second result approach is related to FVIII inhibitor assay performance evaluation, which is another type of EQA program benefit. Despite the assay being considered the gold standard to measure neutralised immunoglobulins for FVIII since 1975, over 40 years ago, the test still has a high coefficient of variation. Results from NEQAS‐BC and WFH IEQAS program demonstrate the inter‐laboratory variation across the United Kingdom over the last years and among emergent countries.ConclusionThe EQA programs have an important educational role in helping countries manage their public policy and in the international inquiry regarding the necessity of new technologies in haemostasis.