bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers and opportunities for implementing integrated psychological intervention for depression in adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Njau Tasiana , Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Sunguya Bruno , Minja Agape , Kaaya Sylvia , Fekadu Abebaw 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have an increased risk of depression that may affect their adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and, therefore, their treatment outcomes. Integrating mental health care in HIV care and treatment settings may help to improve access to comprehensive care. This remains a challenge in Tanzania and other countries with similar contexts. We, therefore, explored challenges to accessing mental health care and opportunities for implementing an integrated, evidence-based psychological intervention to manage adolescent depression in HIV care and treatment centers (HIV-CTC) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods
This cross-sectional study utilizing a qualitative design through a phenomenological approach was conducted among adolescents living with HIV, health care providers (HCP), and caregivers. Forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted in three HIV-CTC in Kinondoni Dar es salaam. Audio records were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with NVIVO computer software aided data analysis.
Results
We found a low level of mental health awareness to be a cross-cutting challenge among the caregivers, adolescents, and the HCPs, limiting access to mental healthcare and the quality of care received. Psychological health caregiving was challenged by mental disorders stigma, poor communication between adolescents and HCPs, limited knowledge and skills to manage depression among HCPs, and limited information on treatment coverage for mental disorders. Nevertheless, health system opportunities for integration were apparent. In each HIV-CTC, there were available counseling rooms, nurse counselors delivering HIV and adherence counseling, and well-organized youth clubs indicating a potential for utilizing the existing structures. In addition, positive attitudes about psychological interventions in all groups of participants provide further opportunities to provide mental health care.
Conclusion
Despite several modifiable barriers to accessing mental health care for adolescents living with HIV, there were evident opportunities for implementing an integrated, evidence-based psychological intervention to address depression in adolescents living with HIV in Kinondoni Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
Enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by the combination of delignification pretreatment and Tween 80
Authors: Dai Tao , Huang Shihang , Xie Jun , Zhang Hongdan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment was required to destroy the intact structure by removing hemicellulose and lignin. In this study, delignification pretreatment with alkali or sodium chlorite of sugarcane bagasse was applied to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis under mild conditions.
Results
it was found that delignification contributed more in achieving higher glucose yield comparing with the removal of hemicellulose. In addition, the characterization of untreated and pretreated solids was conducted to determine the influence of hemicellulose and lignin degradation on subsequent enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, Tween 80 was added to reduce the enzyme loading, shorten the hydrolysis time, and enhance the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, the results indicated that the glucose yield of 92.2% was obtained at enzyme loading of 5 FPU/g substrate. However, the increased yields of glucose with Tween 80 were increased as the enhancement of lignin content and the reduction of enzyme loading, and decreased sharply as the hydrolysis time was prolonged from 6 h to 24 h.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that NaClO2 pretreatment presented more in improving enzymatic hydrolysis by delignification. The addition of Tween 80 enabled shortening the hydrolysis time and reducing the enzyme loading. This study provided an economically feasible and mild process for the generation of glucose, which will be subsequently converted to bioethanol and biochemicals.
Collision Cross Section of a Small Molecule Determined by its Polarizability rather than its Mass and Shape
Authors: Wisanpitayakorn Pattipong , Sartyoungkul Sitanan , Kurilung Alongkorn , Sirivatanauksorn Yongyut , Visessanguan Wonnop , Sathirapongsasuti Nuankanya , Khoomrung Sakda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rotationally averaged collision cross section (CCS), measured by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), facilitates the identification of various types of biomolecules. Thus far, the CCS value is known to depend on the shape and size of the molecule, while other physiochemical quantities for determining the CCS values are yet to be explored. In this study, using quantum chemistry and 197 model compounds, we discovered and validated that the CCS value primarily depends on the polarizability of the molecule, a quantity representing both the spatial size and dipole-dipole interaction with buffer gas molecules. Contrary to popular belief, at a constant polarizability, a molecule’s CCS value is completely independent of its mass (m/z) and shape (ovality). The findings of this study deepened our understanding of the CCS values of small molecules, and their application will considerably improve the CCS prediction model accuracy.
Application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lollipop sticks in the gastrointestinal tracts of 20 children
Authors: Bi Shi Yue , Wang Yu , Wang Xiao Man , Jia Li Qun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of non-metallic foreign bodies in the pediatric gastrointestinal tract.Methods Data of 20 children who were admitted to our hospital after ingesting a lollipop stick from January 2016 to October 2018 were analyzed. Abdominal ultrasonography and plain radiography were performed to confirm the position of the foreign body and assess secondary injuries. The two imaging methods were compared regarding the foreign body display rate and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the identification of secondary injury. The factors potentially contributing to secondary injury were assessed.Results The foreign body display rate was 100% for ultrasonography and 27.3% for abdominal plain radiography. Plain radiography did not show any signs of secondary injury. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasonography for identifying secondary injury caused by a lollipop stick foreign body were 100%, 93.8%, and 95%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the foreign body retention time and the occurrence of secondary injury (r=0.563, P=0.01).Conclusion Ultrasonography showed a high display rate for non-metallic gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children, and had good sensitivity and satisfactory specificity and accuracy in detecting secondary injury.
Self-focusing of asymmetric finite Airy-Gaussian laser beams in magnetized plasma
Authors: Nikam P. P. , Pawar V. S. , Takale M. V. , Patil S. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this work, the role of asymmetry in the beam profile of finite Airy-Gaussian (AiG) laser is presented to explore its propagation dynamics in collisionless magnetized plasma. Emphasis is on analyzing the self-trapping condition for both extraordinary (\(E\)) and ordinary (\(O\)) modes of propagation of AiG laser beam. Theoretical formulation is based on obtaining nonlinear coupled differential equations for beam-width parameters in both transverse dimensions of the beam with the help of parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations. It is found that asymmetry in the modulation parameters significantly affects self-focusing of finite AiG beam. Moreover, same initial intensity parameter for simultaneous self-trapping of both the modes of propagation is noteworthy.
Towards indigenous community-based adaptation to climate change: a typological analysis of tree-livestock integration in smallholding systems in dryland areas of Benin (West-Africa)
Authors: Assani Alassan Seidou , Yarou Amoudawenou Koara , Dedehou Nadège V.F.G. , Worogo Hilaire Sanni , Baco Mohamed Nasser , Houinato Marcel , Alkoiret Ibrahim T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Integration of livestock farming practices with trees is neglected and poorly explored in the context of climate change (CC) in drylands. However, such knowledge is urgently needed to propose effective strategies in the livestock sector to cope with CC. This study is initiated to characterize the diversity of indigenous integrated livestock systems with trees in drylands of Benin through a survey including 140 smallholder farmers. Data were submitted to a multiple correspondence analysis with hierarchical ascending classification and four types of integrated livestock smallholder farmers have been highlighted. The first type is referred to “Traditional silvopastoral systems”, consisting of farmers owning high tropical livestock unit (26 ± 0.59 TLU). They did not have land ownership and they exploited trees and shrubs in rangelands and protected areas. They used indigenous trees for treating sick animals and feeding. The second type is ‘‘Improved silvopastoral systems’’ with an average of 11 ± 0.21 TLU. They had a land ownership and combined livestock, forage plants and fodder trees in pasturelands. The third type, referred as “Small Integrated agrosilvopastoral systems” consisted of smallholder farmers who integrated agriculture, livestock and tree plantations. They owned a low livestock tropical unit (6 ± 0.24 TLU). The last type qualified as “Large Integrated agrosilvopastoral systems” owned an average of 18 ± 0.34 TLU and cultivated large areas of land. Leguminous trees are used to improve soil fertility and as animal feed. Based on these identified different agroforestry practices of livestock smallholder farmers in the drylands, indigenous community-based adaptation can be designed to face CC.
ORIGINAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE INFLUENCED BY THE NUMBER OF TOURISTS, HOTELS, AND RESTAURANTS IN PROVINCE OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Himawan Hilmi Satria 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to discover effect of the number of tourists, restaurants, and hotels on original local government revenue in Central Kalimantan. Research data using secondary data from publication of Direktorat Jendral Perimbangan Keuangan. The population is all of districts and town in Central Kalimantan. Author determines sample using purposive sampling technique. There are 11 sample (10 districts and 1 town) in the last 6 years. Data analyzed using multiple regression. The result show: 1) number of tourists has a positive and significant effect on original local government revenue in Central Kalimantan 2) number of restaurants has a positive and significant effect on original local government revenue in Central Kalimantan 3) number of hotels has a positive and significant effect on original local government revenue in Central Kalimantan 4) number of tourists, restaurants, and hotels has a positive and significant effect on original local government revenue in Central Kalimantan.
Social Media Mining of Long-COVID Self-Medication Reported by Reddit Users: Feasibility Study to Support Drug Repurposing
Authors: Koss Jonathan , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 480 million people have been infected and more than 6 million people have died from COVID-19 worldwide. In some patients with acute COVID-19, symptoms manifest over a longer period, which is also called “long-COVID.” Unmet medical needs related to long-COVID are high, since there are no treatments approved. Patients experiment with various medications and supplements hoping to alleviate their suffering. They often share their experiences on social media.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of social media mining methods to extract important compounds from the perspective of patients. The goal is to provide an overview of different medication strategies and important agents mentioned in Reddit users’ self-reports to support hypothesis generation for drug repurposing, by incorporating patients’ experiences.MethodsWe used named-entity recognition to extract substances representing medications or supplements used to treat long-COVID from almost 70,000 posts on the “/r/covidlonghaulers” subreddit. We analyzed substances by frequency, co-occurrences, and network analysis to identify important substances and substance clusters.ResultsThe named-entity recognition algorithm achieved an F1 score of 0.67. A total of 28,447 substance entities and 5789 word co-occurrence pairs were extracted. “Histamine antagonists,” “famotidine,” “magnesium,” “vitamins,” and “steroids” were the most frequently mentioned substances. Network analysis revealed three clusters of substances, indicating certain medication patterns.ConclusionsThis feasibility study indicates that network analysis can be used to characterize the medication strategies discussed in social media. Comparison with existing literature shows that this approach identifies substances that are promising candidates for drug repurposing, such as antihistamines, steroids, or antidepressants. In the context of a pandemic, the proposed method could be used to support drug repurposing hypothesis development by prioritizing substances that are important to users.
Potential Mechanisms Involved in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unclear Etiology
Authors: Holliday Michael W. , Li Qingtian , Bustamante Edlyn G. , Niu Jingbo , Huang Luping , Espina Ilse M. , Dominguez Jose R. , Truong Luan , Murray Kristy O. , Fan Lei , Anumudu Samaya J. , Shah Maulin , Fischer Rebecca S.B. , Vangala Chandan , Mandayam Sreedhar , Perez Jose , Pan Jenny S. , Ali Sehrish , Awan Ahmed A. , Sheikh-Hamad David 
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives
The etiology of chronic kidney disease of unclear etiology, also known as Mesoamerican nephropathy, remains unclear. We investigated potential etiologies for Mesoamerican nephropathy in an immigrant dialysis population.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Migrants with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (n=52) were identified by exclusion of known causes of kidney disease and compared using a cross-sectional survey with demographically similar patients with kidney failure from other causes (n=63) and age/sex/place of origin–matched healthy participants (n=16). Survey results were extended to the bench; C57BL/6 mice (n=73) received 10–15 weekly intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (a reactive oxygen species–generating herbicide) or vehicle. Kidney function, histology, and expression of organic cation transporter-2 (proximal tubule entry for paraquat) and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (extrusion pathway) were examined. Kidney biopsies from Nicaraguan patients with acute Mesoamerican nephropathy were stained for the above transporters and compared with patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and without Mesoamerican nephropathy.

Results
Patients with Mesoamerican nephropathy and kidney failure were young agricultural workers, almost exclusively men; the majority were from Mexico and El Salvador; and they had prior exposures to agrochemicals, including paraquat (27%). After adjustment for age/sex, exposure to any agrochemical or paraquat was associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (odds ratio, 4.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.82 to 12.96; P=0.002 and odds ratio, 12.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 99.36; P=0.02, respectively). Adjusted for age/sex and other covariates, 1 year of agrochemical exposure was associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.44; P=0.02). Compared with 16 matched healthy controls, Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure was significantly associated with exposure to paraquat and agrochemicals. Paraquat-treated male mice developed kidney failure and tubulointerstitial nephritis consistent with Mesoamerican nephropathy. Organic cation transporter-2 expression was higher in male kidneys versus female kidneys. Paraquat treatment increased organic cation transporter-2 expression and decreased multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 expression in male kidneys; similar results were observed in the kidneys of Nicaraguan patients with Mesoamerican nephropathy.

Conclusions
Exposure to agrochemicals is associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy, and chronic exposure of mice to paraquat, a prototypical oxidant, induced kidney failure similar to Mesoamerican nephropathy.
Abu Al-Hasan â€˜Ali Bin Ibrahim Al-Qummi and the Accusation of TahrÄ«f Al-Qurâ€™Än in Books of Shia Muslims: a Study on the Book Tafsir Al-Qummi
Authors: Haq Muhammad Itsbatul , Halim Abd. 
Published: August 2022

One of the most principal sources of Sunni-Shia conflict is theÂ claim aboutthe presence of'tahrÄ«f Al-Qur'an', or the distortion in the Qur'an, in many Shia literatures of Qur'an exegesis books.Â The claim ends in causing many Shia Muslims to suffer discrimination. For example, they are believed to have a different version of the Qurâ€™an and the doctrin ofÂ taqiyyahwith which they the true nature of their belif. This study focuses on the works ofÂ Abu al-Hasan â€˜Ali bin Ibrahim al-QummiÂ which are considered to be the main reference for accusing Shia Muslims of distorting some Qurâ€™anic verses(tahrÄ«f).Â This study aims to review the thought ofÂ al-QummiaboutÂ tahrÄ«f al-Qurâ€™anas he claimed.Â This is library research using content analysis.The research found thatÂ al-Qummiwhen developing the concept ofÂ 'tahrÄ«f Al-Qur'an'focused on exegetical exercises, not on actual distortion of the Qurâ€™anic texts.This finding was based on the fact that the term â€˜tahrifâ€™ which that some classical ulema (figures) of Shia Muslims made did not deal with distortion of the Qurâ€™anic verses (the corruption of texts), but with Qurâ€™an interpretations which contradict the intended meaning of the Qurâ€™anic verses (the corruption of meaning).
Menimbang Kritik Adnin Armas atas Hermeneutika Alquran
Authors: Saifullah Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

The article is to examine Adnin Armass criticism of Quran hermeneutics. By comparing tafsir and hermeneutics of Quran, Adnin has depicted that the later was too relative for being method on Quranic interpretation. Instead, it contained the perilousÂ entity for Muslims, particularly in their identityâ€”knowing the genealogy was from Western culture. On the contrary, tafsir was far from the relativity, native Islamic product of history,Â and subsequently being the only way to touch Quran. No more appropriate way to understand Quran, Adnin Said, except tafsir. Along the histroy of Muslims, tafsir was absolutely fruitfull. Understanding the fact, thus, the article tries to evaluate the sources used by Adnin, till refused Quranic hermeneutics and embraced tafsir as something sacred with questions how far he understood them and picked them up from. Â Â Â
The Role of Religion on Food Consuming Issue Developing Theological-Philosophy Concept of Food Through Al Qurâ€™an
Authors: Prasetiyo Joko Roby 
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the role of religion in responding the negative effects that arise as a result of human relationships with eating activities. Food borne diseases, environmental damage, uneven food supply are some examples of the negative effects that arise as a result of human feeding activities. Religion as the dominant element in shaping human behaviour, is expected to provide solutions to above problems. The solutions are by providing a framework of meaning that can form the behavior of its adherents. So that in interaction with food produces a proportional relationship between God, humans, and nature.This research is descriptive-analytical using the interpretation approach of critical discourse analysis through Qur'anic verses that use the food term and its derivation, namely:Â á¹¬a'Äm, 'Â Akl,Â GizÄun,Â MÄidah, andÂ SyarÄb. At Last, it will be built anearthly concept of food that is theologically-philosophically.Â
Collaboration of the Method of Iqroâ€™â€™ and Tsaqifa for Al-Qur'an Learning in the Group of Hajj and Umrah Worship Guidance at Karanganyar
Authors: Naj'ma Dinar Bela Ayu 
Published: August 2022

This research aims to elaborate the collaboration between Iqroâ€™' method and Taqifa method for teaching learning process of reciting al-Qurâ€™an in Hajj & Umrah Guidance Group at the great mosque Karanganyar Regency, Central Java year 2020. The research method is used descriptive qualitative. There are three research findings. They are (1) the implementation ofÂ Iqroâ€™' method in teaching learning process of reciting al-Qurâ€™an is the most effective method for prospective pilgrims in Hajj & Umrah Guidance Group at the great mosque Karanganyar Regency because of Iqroâ€™' method is able to appear self-motivation to recite al-Qurâ€™an in Hajj & Umrah GroupÂ or at home well. Iqroâ€™' method is able to encourage the participants for learning al-Qurâ€™an because of asatidzs guide them to recite Iqroâ€™' by using tones. (2) Teaching learning process of al-Qurâ€™an by using Tsaqifa method is the most effective way to help studying through Iqroâ€™'. (3) Collaboration usage to recite al-Qurâ€™an by Iqroâ€™' method and Tsaqifa method is more effective to be fluency the process of teaching learning al-Qurâ€™an than using those methods separately.
Purification effect of PES-C ultrafiltration membrane incorporated with emodin on acanthopanax senticosus injection
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Chunyan , Xue Hongdan , Lu Chengbo , Rong Rong , Li Jinjing , Zhou Shujing 
Published: August 2022

A new PES-C/emodin ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by blending
natural emodin with phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C), and it was
used to purify [acanthopanax](javascript:;)
[senticosus](javascript:;) injection in this study. For the purified
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection, its color became lighter and its clarity increased. On the
contrary, for [acanthopanax](javascript:;)
[senticosus](javascript:;) injection containing macromolecules, its
color deepened and its turbidity increased. Thermal stability of the
purified [acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection was the best, followed by the original solution of
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection, and [acanthopanax](javascript:;)
[senticosus](javascript:;) injection containing macromolecules was
the worst. The finger-print spectrum of the purified
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection was similar with the original solution of
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection, the relative peak area of each single peak was greater than
0.95, and the relative peak area of the total peak was greater than
0.96. Compared with the original solution of
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection, the histamine release amount and cell degranulation rate of
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection containing macromolecules increased more, while those of the
purified [acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection decreased, which reduced the risk of allergic reaction at a
certain extent. “Inverse proof” confirmed that the
[acanthopanax](javascript:;) [senticosus](javascript:;)
injection containing macromolecules had certain liver and kidney
toxicity, which indirectly proved that the liver and kidney toxicity of
the purified [acanthopanax](javascript:;)
[senticosus](javascript:;) injection was effectively reduced.