bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing a Galactic Lensing Hypothesis with the Prompt Emission of GRB 221009A
Authors: Bloom Joshua S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Even at modest amplification, the optical depth to gravitational lensing through the Galaxy is < 10−5. However, the large apparent isotropic-equivalent energy of GRB 221009A coupled with a path through low Galactic latitude suggests that the conditional probability that this particular GRB was lensed is greater than the very low a priori expectation. With the extreme brightness of the prompt emission, this Galactic lensing hypothesis can be constrained by autocorrelation analysis of Fermi photons on 0.1–1000 ms timescales. In relating lensing mass, magnification, and autocorrelation timescale, I show that a lensed-induced autocorrelation signature by stellar lenses falls below the minimal variability timescale (MVT) expected from a black hole central engine. However, lensing by Galactic dark matter MACHOs (M

l
> 10–1000 M
⊙) could be confirmed with this approach. Regardless, at a peak γ-ray photon rate of > 30 ms−1, GRB 221009A represents a prime opportunity to measure the smallest MVTs of GRBs.
Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage for rescue treatment of malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Khan Muhammad Ali , Lee-Smith Wade , Sharma Sachit , Acharya Ashu , Farooq Umer , Aziz Muhammad , Kouanda Abdul , Dai Sun-Chuan , Munroe Craig A. , Arain Mustafa , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
ERCP is the first line of treatment for malignant biliary obstruction and EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is usually used for patients who have failed ERCP. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has been suggested as a rescue treatment for patients who fail EUS-BD and ERCP. In this meta-analysis, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of EUS-GBD as a rescue treatment of malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP and EUS-BD. We reviewed several databases from inception to August 27, 2021, to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy and/or safety of EUS-GBD as a rescue treatment in the management of malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP and EUS-BD. Our outcomes of interest were clinical success, adverse events, technical success, stent dysfunction requiring intervention, and difference in mean pre- and postprocedure bilirubin. We calculated pooled rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical variables and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI for continuous variables. We analyzed data using a random-effects model. We included five studies with 104 patients. Pooled rates (95% CI) of clinical success and adverse events were 85% (76%, 91%) and 13% (7%, 21%). Pooled rate (95% CI) for stent dysfunction requiring intervention was 9% (4%, 21%). The postprocedure mean bilirubin was significantly lower compared to preprocedure bilirubin, SMD (95% CI): −1.12 (−1.62–−0.61). EUS-GBD is a safe and effective option to achieve biliary drainage after unsuccessful ERCP and EUS-BD in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.
Fostering critical thinking in pharmaceutical chemistry: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Choo Chee-Yan , Chiau Ming Long , Tan Ching Siang 
Published: October 2022

Background: The fundamentals of pharmaceutical chemistry are difficult to relate to the pharmacy profession for first-year pharmacy students, and most of them use the surface approach to complete it. This study aimed to determine pharmacy students’ perception and critical thinking skills in solving real problem-based questions.
Methods: This study employed pre- and post-survey to understand undergraduates’ perceptions and critical thinking skills in solving questions through a problem-based approach.
Results: A total of 130 respondents (74%) participated in the questionnaire survey. After completing problem-based questions, pharmacy students were able to apply basic organic concepts to solve questions on synthesis pathways and impurities and relate to regulatory and environmental, social, and governance guidelines. The majority of pharmacy students highly rated the collaborative problem-based learning session and found the questions relevant to the pharmacy profession.
Conclusion: In conclusion, carefully designed problem-based assignment questions could train pharmacy students with twenty-first-century skills.
Perspectives of refugees and community pharmacists on refugees’ healthcare situation in Lebanon: Implication on pharmacy education and workforce
Authors: Mourad Nisreen , Mourad Lidia , Mourtada Racha , Hendaus Mohamed , El Akel Marwan , Rahal Mohamad , Younes Samar 
Published: October 2022

Background: Pharmacists serve on the frontline of healthcare provision for refugees. This study aimed to explore (1) Syrian refugees’ healthcare status from the perspectives of the refugees and Lebanese community pharmacists; (2) refugees’ barriers to healthcare access; and (3) the challenges pharmacists encounter in the provision of healthcare.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during July-August 2019 in Bekaa Region. Syrian refugees and Lebanese community pharmacists anonymously completed two different questionnaires. SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 was used to analyse the data.
Results: A total of 671 refugees and 103 pharmacists responded to the questionnaires. The responding refugees and pharmacists identified the inability to afford physician and drug fees as the primary and secondary barriers to healthcare access for refugees; while health illiteracy was the primary challenge identified by the responding pharmacists when providing care to refugees.
Conclusion: Addressing the determinants of health will reduce healthcare barriers and challenges substantially, thus fostering overall improvements in the health of Syrian refugees.
Pendidikan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) di SMP Negeri 3 Narmada
Authors: Fahrurrozi Muhammad , Gustriliani Hesti , Rahayu Isrami Putri , Aida Nur , Herismarurooh Ayugi , Andriani Andriani , Ramdhan M. Zikri 
Published: October 2022

Upaya pencegahan penyebaran virus corona (covid-19), pemerintah menganjurkan untuk menjaga kesehatan melalui: mengurangi resiko dengan mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air yang mengalir, kurangi kontak langsung, dan menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental. Namun, hal ini ternyata belum disadari sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat. PHBS adalah bentuk perwujudan orientasi hidup sehat. Bertujuan untuk meningkatkan, memelihara, dan melindungi kesehatan baik secara fisik, mental maupun sosial di sekolah, tempat kerja, keluarga dan masyarakat. Manfaat yang didapatkan dalam menerapkan PHBS adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat agar mau dan mampu menjalankan hidup bersih dan sehat. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode sosialisasi dengan memberikan materi dan praktek cara hidup bersih dan sehat kepada siswa. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa kelas 8 SMPN 3 Narmada terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat. Dengan demikian, pemberian edukasi pada siswa tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat dapat bermanfaat.
Pelatihan Literasi Keuangan untuk Gen Z di SMK
Authors: Sumardi Sumardi , Habibi Pahman 
Published: October 2022

High school/ vocational high school students are the target of increasing financial literacy due to the large number of financial and educational institutions that provide insight into financial literacy to the public. This will be related to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) report in 2019 which conducted a survey on financial literacy and inclusion, the results of which showed that the financial literacy index of the Indonesia people increased from 29,7% in 2016 to 38,03% while the financial inclusion indexincreased from 67,8% to 76,19%. SMA/ SMK students are directed to be able to understand financial literacy. Although there are still many high school/ vocantional students who are not good at financial literacy which cause students to be less able to control themselves so they tend to behave consumptively. Therefore, to support the goverment in increasing the financial literacy index, financial literacy training was held for students of SMK Bina Informatika located in South Tangerang. This training will introduce students to various types of investment instruments and how to start a business at a young age. So that students are able to manage their finances and are excited to build a business.
Keywords: financial literacy, investment, business
Aplicación del programa experiencias vivenciales en la evaluación de los docentes de la I.E. N° 5168 Rosa Luz del distrito de Puente Piedra, 2018
Authors: Chipana Tucno Lucila 
Published: October 2022

¿En qué medida la implementación del Programa de Experiencias Vivenciales en las evaluaciones de los docentes de la I.E. N° 5168 Rosa Luz del distrito de Puente Piedra, 2018, afectaría dichas evaluaciones? Esta es la pregunta que impulsa el estudio aplicado y experimental que se ha realizado.
En el estudio se utilizó una metodología experimental. Los objetivos de este estudio son principalmente explicativos. El instrumento fue sometido a un proceso de validez y confiabilidad antes de ser aplicado; la recolección de datos implicó la elaboración de un cuestionario estructurado para la evaluación de los docentes; la población incluyó a 40 docentes de la I.E. N° 5168 Rosa Luz del distrito de Puente Piedra; la muestra incluyó dos grupos, cada uno con 20 docentes; y el distrito y la escuela donde trabajaban los docentes sirvieron de grupo experimental. El programa en sí consistió en cinco sesiones, todas ellas preparadas en menos de dos horas de esfuerzo colaborativo entre los instructores. Primero se administró una prueba previa, luego se aplicó el programa y, por último, se administró una prueba posterior para medir la eficacia del programa.
El valor del postest de p = 0,000 0,05 indica que la implementación del programa de experiencias vivenciales tiene efecto en la evaluación de los instructores de la I.E. N° 5168 Rosa Luz del distrito de Puente Piedra.
Influence of Operations and Processes on Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Kimwaki Benedict Mutinda , Ngugi Patrick Karanja , Odhiambo Rommanus Odhiambo 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of operations and processes on performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya.
Methodology: In this study, descriptive and cross-sectional research designs were used. According to the directory, there are 461 large-sized registered members. In order to sample 160 large industrial companies from the entire population, this study used Cochran's formula. Data was gathered using a standardized questionnaire, and both qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed on it. Both a descriptive and an inferential data analysis were used in this investigation. Tables, graphs, and pie charts were used to present the analysed data.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that the relationship between operations and processes and performance was significant at 5% level of significance. The model summary in the hypothesis testing revealed that the R2 for the model was 0.305. This is to imply that 30.5% of the variations in performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya are as a result of operations and processes. The p-value for the variable was 0.000 which is less than the standard P-value of 0.05. This is to mean that operations and processes had a significant influence on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. To this end, we therefore, reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between operations and processes and performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: While the existing Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model used in this study was validated, the study recommends that the policy makers and management of manufacturing firms should come up with policies and legislations that cover the concept of supply chain operations and processes as an essential driver to the performance of the manufacturing sector in the country. The policy makers hold a major role in determining how key sectors such as the manufacturing sector are run. The regulators and the legislators formulate policies and guidelines that guide on how manufacturing firms should carry out their operations including supply chain processes. The study also recommended that manufacturing firms policy makers should develop a policy and regulatory framework to accelerate effective implementation supply chain processes and operations to enhance their performance.
Role and Practice of Cognitive Restructuring in Managing Psychological Well-Being of Secondary School Teachers; A Review of Literature
Authors: Gakinya Grace Wanjiru , Wasanga Christine Wasanga , Kipnusu Robert Kipnusu 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the role and practice of cognitive restructuring in managing psychological well-being of secondary school teachers.
Methodology: A desktop review research design was applied. The researcher used Google Scholar to track out the essential readings and scholarly publications that would form the basis of their investigation. In order to satisfy the requirements for inclusion, only papers that were published within the prior ten years were considered.
Findings: The findings of the study showed that cognitive restructuring has a favorable and significant impact on the psychological well-being of instructors.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The research found that encouraging psychologists and guidance counselors to employ cognitive restructuring and assertive therapy was one of the most effective ways to reduce depressed tendencies. In addition, reducing levels of stress and burnout as a result of the increased pressure from test-based accountability procedures in teachers should be a primary goal of programs designed to address the psychological health of secondary school instructors.
THE IMPACT OF HORIZONTAL STRATEGY, RESOURCE EFFICIENCY & BUSINESS FACILITATION IN TOURISM FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TOWARDS LOCAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATRA – INDONESIA
Authors: Simatupang Parhimpunan  
Published: October 2022

The research investigates tourism foreign direct investment in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The key factors influence the investment decision in the tourism sector by use of horizontal strategy, resource and efficiency strategy, and business facilitation. The research also examines the extent to which existing investments and impact on economic growth in North Sumatra.
The research uses mixed methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative data were obtained by surveying 250 respondents who are tourism services providers including tourism and hospitality business sector- accommodation and restaurants (178 respondents), travel agents and tours operators (62 respondents) and tourist guide services (10 respondents). The quantitative data analysis methods used in this research are multiple regression. It also added the interview to get data from the government’s point of view whichcan be verified by quantitative data findings from agencies/institutions related to tourism in North Sumatra.
The results of this research show that the three variables, namely horizontal strategy, resource efficiency strategy, also business facilitation have a positive and significant effect on tourism foreign direct investment. This research also proves that the economic growth factor is influenced by the presence of tourism foreign direct investment. Meanwhile, the results of the survey and the interview, show that the increase in the quality of human resources and the quality of company management is an indicator of economic growth that is most affected by the existence of tourism foreign direct investment.
This research shows that the results support or strengthen the theory of investment, mainly foreign direct investment which has an impact on economic growth. For the government of North Sumatra, this research can be used as a consideration for evaluating policies on investment in tourism. Future research would be better if we add comparators for two regions that have different conditions of tourism potential and other per capita income. It will provide an overview of the weaknesses and strengths in the development of tourism in the area and its impact on economic growth.
EXTRAÇÃO PREVENTIVA DE TERCEIROS MOLARES
Authors: Souza André Guilherme , Fabris André Luís da Silva 
Published: October 2022

A extração profilática de terceiros molares tem causado muita discussão e controvérsia entre os cirurgiões-dentistas. As razões que apoiam a extração profilática incluem impactação, pericoronarite, lesões cariosas, alterações periodontais distais aos segundos molares, apinhamento e risco de cistos odontogênicos. Por outro lado, a extração de terceiros molares, embora seja um procedimento cirúrgico de rotina, também é uma intervenção invasiva que pode levar a acidentes e complicações. O processo foi realizado por meio de uma busca de publicações científicas nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e PubMed/Medline, utilizando os descritores "extração dentária", "terceiro molar" e "cirurgia bucal" com o boleador "OR". De acordo com a literatura, a extração profilática de terceiros molares pode prevenir alguns problemas de saúde bucal, que podem estar associados à doença periodontal, lesões cariosas, reabsorção radicular adjacente, pericoronarite, desenvolvimento de cistos, tumores odontogênicos e dor. Além dos riscos à saúde bucal, os dentes do siso podem causar dificuldade de mastigação, ansiedade, insônia, irritabilidade e algumas restrições alimentares que podem prejudicar as relações sociais diárias do indivíduo. Diante do que foi apresentado, podemos concluir a necessidade de se entender a particularidade de cada paciente em relação a extração dos terceiros molares, atentando-se para o correto diagnóstico e prognóstico para propor a melhor opção de tratamento, seja ele preventivo ou terapêutico.
Los sufijos -oso, -ento, -udo y -ón en el español de México: Alternancia y vitalidad
Authors: Zacarías Ponce de León Ramón Felipe 
Published: October 2022

Los sufijos -oso, -ento, -udo y -ón (lluvioso, hambriento, barbudo, cabezón) comparten un espacio semántico que está a disposición de los hablantes, principalmente, para formar adjetivos calificativos (NGLE, 2010). La cercanía entre estos sufijos provoca que establezcan una rivalidad entre sí, la cual se evidencia en la gran cantidad de dobletes que existen en la lengua (Autor, 2016a): mugroso, mugriento; caprichoso, caprichudo; barbudo, barbón; sangrón, sangriento; lloroso, llorón, etc. En este artículo, a partir de un punto de vista onomasiológico de la formación de palabras (Štekauer, 2005a, 2005b, 2016), analizaremos estos sufijos para establecer los criterios que pueden distinguir los ámbitos de actuación de cada uno y las características principales de las palabras formadas en cada caso. Seguiremos una metodología que se ha utilizado ya para estudiar este tipo de sufijos en competencia, que distingue entre factores estructurales y contextuales. Utilizaremos datos de palabras atestiguadas, tanto en diccionarios como en neologismos (Autor, 2016b) para conocer las tendencias actuales en el español de México. Al final, se demostrará que cada sufijo establece su propio dominio de acción y que los dobletes existentes se deben a que cada palabra expresa sutiles diferencias de significado.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Sekolah Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa
Authors: Gulo Yaaman , Lidya S Dewi , Wenda Yowenus , Kristian Zega Yunardi 
Published: October 2022

This paper departs from the problems of moral decline that occur among students, such as smoking, drunkenness, pornography, getting pregnant out of wedlock, fighting teachers and parents. To overcome this problem, Christian religious education in schools is the right solution in shaping the character of students for the better. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of Christian religious education on the formation of student character. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with data processing using SPSS version 26. The number of samples in this study was 33 people. After processing and analyzing the data, it was obtained that there was an influence of Christian religious education in schools on the formation of student character by 45.3 percent.Keywords: student character, Christian religious education, schoolAbstrakTulisan ini berangkat dari masalah kemerosotan moral yang terjadi di kalangan siswa, seperti merokok, mabuk, pornografi, hamil di luar nikah, melawan guru dan orang tua. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pendidikan agama Kristen di sekolah merupakan solusi yang tepat dalam membentuk karakter siswa menjadi lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan agama Kristen terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Adapun jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 33 orang. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan dan analisis data, maka diperoleh terdapat pengaruh pendidikan agama Kristen di sekolah terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa sebesar 45,3 persen.Kata kunci: karakter siswa, pendidikan agama kristen, sekolah
Formula “KE-KAME-TU” high calcium, phosphore and magnesium as basic ingredients for under five years supplementary feeding
Authors: Mataram I Komang Agusjaya , Agustini Ni Putu 
Published: October 2022

The "ke-kame-tu" formula is a formula with high calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content using a mixture of ingredients such as moringa flour, cowpea flour and tuna flour. The specific objectives of the research are 1) Creating the “ke-kame-tu” formula high in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, 2) Analyzing the nutritional content (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) of the “ke-kame-tu” formula, 3) Analyzing the substance content nutrition (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) of supplementary feeding (PMT) products, and 4) Testing the acceptability of supplementary feeding (PMT) products by panelists. The making of the “ke-kame-tu” formula used a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications so that the research units were 18 units. The supplementary feeding products are made by adding 100 grams of ke-kame-tu formula each. Analysis of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium using spectrophotometric methods. To determine the best supplementary feeding nugget product, a analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out on the results of the organoleptic test. The nutritional content of the ke-kame-tu formula, namely calcium, ranges from 129.563 mg% (F4) to 521,450 mg% (F6), phosphorus ranged from 493 mg% (F1) to 650 mg% (F6), and magnesium in the range of 709.98 mg% (F6) to 942.19 mg% (F1).