bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstrual Hygiene Management: Linking with Education and Development
Authors: Ganguli Barna 
Published: February 2022

Menstruation is a very normal physiological process for every female falling in the reproductive age-group, but still it is considered a taboo and a subject seldom openly discussed in most of the developing countries worldwide and India is no exception. Menstrual hygiene is still the most challenging issue because being a conservative topic, not much is spoken and discussed about it, and that is how the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) becomes an important task. As this is related to the well-being of half of the population, it becomes utmost important to address the problem. It is seen that education has a direct impact on understanding hygiene and hygiene has a direct role to play in development. Thus, states with good social and economic indicators are better performers of MHM. The present article tries to explore the connection of MHM with that of education and development. To make a comparative study and to establish this direct relationship of education and development, four states have been selected—Bihar and Jharkhand, from lower-income groups, and Kerala and Karnataka, from higher-income groups. The article also lays stress on the fact that optimizing menstrual hygiene interventions will require an integration of both knowledge and better living conditions alongside an augmentation of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in addition to the availability of affordable hygienic sanitary products. Finally, the article also recommends the government to enhance the coverage and utilization of public fund on the issue so that every woman between 15 and 49 years gets the advantage of MHM irrespective of her social strata.
Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population
Authors: Gumina S. , Polizzotti G. , Spagnoli A. , Carbone S. , Candela V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Anatomical parameters and pathologies that can affect the critical shoulder angle (CSA) are subjects of discussion. To date, we do not know if the CSA value changes in the different decades of life in a population characterized by the same ethnicity, nor if there are differences related to gender or side. This study hypothesizes that age and gender may affect the CSA.

Methods
Patients older than 15 years old affected by a shoulder trauma and who were discharged with a diagnosis of shoulder contusion were enrolled. A true AP view of the shoulder was obtained as well as data regarding age and gender of all participants. The CSA was measured by three authors, and interoperator reliability was assessed. Eight subcategories, according to decades of life, were considered. Finally, the studied population was divided into three subcategories according to CSA values (< 30°; 30–35°; ≥ 35°).

Results
The initial sample comprised 3587 shoulder X-rays. The interobserver reproducibility was high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.865 (95% CI 0.793–0.915).
Two thousand eight hundred seventy-three radiograms were excluded. The studied group comprised 714 patients [431 females, 283 males; mean age (SD): 47.2 (20.9) years, range: 11–93 years]. The mean CSA was 33.6° (range: 24–50°; SD: 3.9°). The mean CSA values in females and males were 33.7°and 33.5°, respectively. The mean CSA values of the right and left shoulders were 33.3° and 33.9°, respectively (p > 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed a CSA increase by 0.04° every year. The mean CSA in subjects aged between 15 and 19 years was significantly lower than all the other groups, except for patients older than 80 years.
No significant differences were found between CSA subcategories, gender, or side.

Conclusions
In the general population, the mean CSA value was 33.6°. No significant differences were found regarding the mean CSA value according to gender or side. A significant positive linear correlation between CSA and age was detected. In each decade of life, the CSA value, which is genetically determined, shows a large variability.
Level of evidence: IV.
Obstacles to access to community care in urban senior-only households: a qualitative study
Authors: Gong Ni , Meng Ya , Hu Qin , Du Qianqian , Wu Xiaoyu , Zou Wenjie , Zhu Mengyao , Chen Jiayan , Luo Lan , Cheng Yu , Zhang Meifen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The increased number of older adults living alone has created a substantial care need. However, the utilization rate of services and facilities to meet these needs are surprisingly low. Many of older adults experience difficulties accessing these services, although it remains unclear how these obstacles impede access to services. This study explored the obstacles and difficulties experienced by urban older adults in seeking community care.

Methods
A phenomenological study was carried out and participatory observation and in-depth interviews were employed to investigate the process of seeking care of older adults in urban communities. A total of 18 urban community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years and over were included. Data collected were analysed by content analysis.

Results
We identified the pathways by which senior-only households sought community care and encountered obstacles. (1) lack of community care information: older adults did not know where and how to get services, even though the care institutions scattered throughout the community; (2) limited mobility: older adults often suffered from various chronic diseases, which physically hindered their access to care resources; (3) complex process of achieving care: the functional fragmentation and geographical dispersion of care institutions made the care-seeking process challenging and confusing for older adults; (4) incomprehension of needs expression: limited interaction time and communication barriers between staff of institutions and the older adults were the final obstacle. Only by surmounting these obstacles one by one can older adults access the care resources effectively.

Conclusions
When older adults in the community initiated calls for help, they encountered several obstacles. Their physiological and social disadvantages limited their ability to seek care physically. Lack of integration and clear guidance in the process of providing community care exacerbated these difficulties. Reform of care services should focus on the visibility and accessibility of services for older adults.
Drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services in China: a mixed methods study
Authors: Jiao Kedi , Li Haochu , Zhang Dapeng , Jiang Zhenxia , Lin Yuxi , Liu Xueyuan , Xu Hengmin , Yan Xuemei , Tang Haoqing , Ma Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug users are regarded as a high-risk population for HIV infection. Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is internationally regarded as an effective biomedical prevention against HIV but still a small-scale pilot project in China at present. The aim of this study was to understand drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use nPEP service in China.

Methods
This mixed methods study consisting of a qualitative study and a cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities of China from 2018 to 2019. The in-depth interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use nPEP.

Results
There were 401 and 19 participants included in quantitative and qualitative study respectively. Among participants in quantitative study, 30.2% had heard of nPEP and 56.7% reported willingness to use nPEP in future HIV exposure. In multivariate analyses, nPEP awareness was associated with age, sex, education level, AIDS knowledge score and HIV risk perception. nPEP willingness was associated with AIDS knowledge score, HIV risk perception, alcohol use, monthly income and awareness of nPEP. The qualitative results showed the barriers to nPEP willingness included the fatigue after taking drugs, high cost and side effects of nPEP medication, long nPEP course, and fear of privacy disclosure.

Conclusion
Drug users had low nPEP awareness and only about half participants reported willingness to use nPEP. It is essential to promote nPEP education campaigns among drug users, especially for elders, women and those with lower education level. Simultaneously, price regulation, side effect management, psychological support and privacy protection need to be managed well when nPEP is routinized.
The impact of malocclusion on the oral health related quality of life of 11–14-year-old children
Authors: Baskaradoss Jagan K. , Geevarghese Amrita , Alsaadi Waad , Alemam Huda , Alghaihab Amjad , Almutairi Amal Saad , Almthen Abeer 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The relationship between malocclusion and the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children needs to be explored further as existing literature presents conflicting evidence. This study aims to determine the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL of 11–14-year-old children.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 caregiver/child dyads seeking orthodontic consultation at a tertiary care hospital. The OHRQoL was assessed using child perception questionnaire for 11–14-year-old children (CPQ11–14) and the severity of malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). CPQ11–14 scores ranged from 0 to 64, with lower scores representing better quality of life. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between domain and total CPQ11–14 scores.

Results
The mean CPQ11–14 score was 19.89 ± 9.8. Mean scores for the oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being domains were 5.26 ± 3.22, 3.67 ± 3.58, 3.98 ± 3.89 and 2.08 ± 2.98, respectively. Normal or slight malocclusion was seen in 37.6%, definite malocclusion was seen in 22.4%, severe malocclusion in 15.2% and handicapping malocclusion in 24.8% of the subjects. In comparisons by pairs, it was found that children with handicapping malocclusion had significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores for the social well-being domain as compared with children having normal/minor malocclusion, indicating a poorer quality of life.

Conclusion
Handicapping malocclusion had a significant negative impact on the social well-being domain of OHRQoL among 11–14-year-old children in this population.
Feasibility and effect of adding a concurrent parental component to a school-based wellness program using two modes of mobile-based technology – mixed methods evaluation of RCT
Authors: Golan Moria , Benifla Shakked , Samo Aviv , Alon Noa , Mozeikov Maya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the feasibility and effect of two mobile modes (WhatsApp vs. a specially designed app) in their delivery of updates and assignments to parents.MethodsTwo three-armed, randomized, controlled feasibility studies were conducted. In each trial, four schools with a total of 418 students in grade 5th, mean age 10.1 years, were randomly allocated to the control arm, youth-only arm, or youth & parental component arm. Only the data of those that completed all three assessments (pre, post and 3 months post program) were analyzed: 133 in the first trial and 137 in the second.In the youth-only arm, students participated in an interactive age-tailored prevention program delivered in 10 weekly, 90-min sessions on self-care behaviors, media literacy, self-esteem, and positive body image. The control groups in both studies received three health- and nutrition-related sessions.In the parental arm, in addition to the ‘Favoring-Myself–Young’s ten sessions program, parents received updates and were requested to complete shared assignments with their children. In the first year, the assignments were sent via WhatsApp, and in the following year via “Favoring Myself” smartphone application.Facilitators were third year undergraduate students. They used a detailed semi-structured guide and received 4-weekly hours of didactic and group dynamic supervision. Mixed-methods assessments were performed using semi-structured interviews with ten parents and five school staff members each year, as well as a computerized self-report questionnaire.ResultsFeasibility of parent-adolescent shared assignments in both digital modes was lower than expected. The use of WhatsApp had higher feasibility and uptake than the use of the special application.The addition of the concurrent parental component via WhatsApp was associated with superior improvement in self-esteem and identification of advertisement strategies, compared with the youth-only program. However, adolescents in the youth-only program delivered via the smartphone application demonstrated superior improvement compared to those in the youth and parental component arm.ConclusionsAlthough the addition of the concurrent parenting component was praised by the actively participating parents, overall, under the chosen structure and population, it did not prove to add statistically significant value to the youth-only arm.Trial registrationsNCT03216018(12.7.2017) and NCT03540277 (26.4.2018).
Prevention is political: political party affiliation predicts perceived risk and prevention behaviors for COVID-19
Authors: Kiviniemi Marc T. , Orom Heather , Hay Jennifer L. , Waters Erika A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Many US politicians have provided mixed messages about the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and whether and to what extent prevention practices should be put in place to prevent transmission. This politicization of the virus and pandemic may affect individuals’ risk perceptions and willingness to take precautions. We examined how political party affiliation relates to risk perception for one’s own and other people’s likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 illness.

Methods
We surveyed members of a nationally-representative, probability-sampling based survey panel (N = 410) to examine their risk perceptions, precautionary behaviors, and political party affiliation.

Results
The more strongly one identified as a Republican, the less risk one perceived to oneself from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the less risk one perceived other people faced. Moreover, those identifying as more strongly Republican engaged in fewer preventive behaviors.

Conclusions
This differential response may affect virus transmission patterns and poses a considerable challenge for health communications efforts.
Effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review
Authors: Cinthuja Pathmanathan , Krishnamoorthy Nidhya , Shivapatham Gamalendira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition. Physiotherapy is known to be beneficial for people with OA. Patient adherence to physiotherapy exercise is essential for the effective management of OA.

Objectives
To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for a period of more than 12 months among patients with OA and to report the most effective methods to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb OA.

Design
Systematic review.

Methods
PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The literature search was done on 27 August 2020. Two researchers independently conducted the screening, eligibility assessment, data extraction, methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and risk of bias assessment using RoB2. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented, percentage of adherence rate; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review was used to report the review. Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity of studies. The study protocol was registered in Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653).

Results
The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for less than 6 or 12 months. There were no significant differences in adherence for more than 12 months with different methods. The results indicate that booster-sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness and function show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences on these secondary outcomes.

Conclusion
The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with OA. However, the number of high-quality studies is inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with OA.
Real world data on cardiometabolic diseases in U.S. adults during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a decentralized registry study
Authors: Shah Parth , Magee Kim , Buccellato Kiara H. , Ismond McKenna , Watson Jalisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pre-existing cardiometabolic comorbidities place SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at a greater risk for poorer clinical course and mortality than those without it. We aimed to analyze real-world registry data focused primarily on participants with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), which were remotely obtained via a digital platform.

Methods
Participants were divided into two groups: CMD or no cardiometabolic disease (non-CMD). They were evaluated based on their medical history, current medications/supplements, COVID-19 status, demographics, and baseline characteristics. The frequency of medications/supplements for CMD were compared using relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. The WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5) were collected monthly for 6 months to assess psychological well-being which included cheerfulness, calmness, vigor, rest, and engagement with daily activities of interest.

Results
The 791 enrollees represented 49 U.S. states. The CMD group had significantly higher (p < 0.0001) BMI (mean + 3.04 kg/m2) and age (mean + 9.15 years) compared to non-CMD group. In the CMD group, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 had lower (p < 0.0001) well-being scores than those without COVID-19. For the 274 participants on CMD medications/supplements, there was no statistical difference in risk of COVID-19 contracture based on medication/supplement type; however, all six participants who were not being treated for CMD were COVID-19 positive (RR ~ 104). For 89 participants who were on treatment for diabetes or insulin resistance, there was a 90% reduced risk of COVID-19 incidence (p = 0.0187).

Conclusion
The well-being score of the CMD group was dependent on whether they tested positive for COVID-19. Type of CMD treatment did not impact COVID-19 status, but absence of treatment significantly increased COVID-19 incidence. With respect to SARS-CoV-2, our analysis supports continued use of the statins, ACE-I, ARBs, and diabetes medications in CMD patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04348942.
Tryptophan-sorbitol based carbon quantum dots for theranostics against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Jun , Tian Jiekang , Wang Guanchen , Luo Weikang , Huang Zebing , Huang Yan , Li Ning , Guo Mingming , Fan Xuegong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite novel advances in screening, targeting and immunotherapies, early diagnosis and satisfactory treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain formidable challenges. Given the unique advantages, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) become a smart theranostic nanomaterial for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Results
In this work, a type of bio-friendly CQDs, trichrome-tryptophan-sorbitol CQDs (TC-WS-CQDs), is synthesized from natural biocompatible tryptophan via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Compared with normal hepatocytes, a much stronger green fluorescence is detected in HCC cells, indicating the ability of TC-WS-CQDs to target HCC cells. Furthermore, green-emitting TC-WS-CQDs generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to autophagy of HCC cells. Additionally, the green-emitting TC-WS-CQDs perform significant tumor inhibition by inducing autophagy via p53-AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo studies with almost no systemic toxicity.

Conclusions
The results may highlight a promising anticancer nanotheranostic strategy with integration of diagnosis, targeting, and therapy.

Graphical Abstract
Construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on differentially co-expressed circular RNA in gastric cancer tissue and plasma by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Gong Yu , Jiao Yuwen , Qi Xiaoyang , Fu Jinjin , Qian Jun , Zhu Jie , Yang Haojun , Tang Liming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence implicates circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been involved in human cancer progression. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified novel circRNAs related to gastric cancer and constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.

Methods
Microarray datasets GSE83521 and GSE93541 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, we used computational biology to identify circRNAs that were differentially expressed in both GC tissue and plasma compared to normal controls; then, we detected the expression of the selected circRNAs in gastric cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also identified circRNA-related candidate miRNAs and their target genes with online tools. Combining the predicted miRNAs and target mRNAs, a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network was established. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and interactions between proteins were predicted by using String and Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to elucidate the possible functions of these differentially expressed circRNAs. The regulatory network constructed using the microarray datasets (GSE83521 and GSE93541) contained three differentially co-expressed circRNAs (DECs). A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on 3 circRNAs, 43 miRNAs and 119 mRNAs.

Results
GO and KEGG analysis showed that the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and PI3K−Akt signaling pathway were highest degrees of enrichment respectively. We established a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network consisting of 165 nodes and 170 edges and identified hub genes by using MCODE plugin in Cytoscape. Furthermore, a core circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on hub genes. Hsa_circ_0001013 was finally determined to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GC according to the core circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.

Conclusions
We propose a new circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network that is associated with the pathogenesis of GC. The network may become a new molecular biomarker and could be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.