bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biophysical model for dopamine modulating working memory through reward system in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Yin Lining , Han Fang , Wang Qingyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dopamine modulates working memory in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is crucial for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanism is unclear. Here we establish a biophysical model of the effect of dopamine (DA) in PFC to explain the mechanism how high dopamine concentrations induce persistent neuronal activities with the network plunging into a deep, stable attractor state. The state develops a defect in working memory and tends to obsession and compulsion. High dopamine levels act on synaptic plasticity according to Hebbian learning rules and reward learning, which in turn affects the strength of neuronal synaptic connections, resulting in the tendency of compulsion and learned obsession. In addition, we elucidate the potential mechanisms of dopamine antagonists in OCD, indicating that dopaminergic drugs might be available for treatment, even if the abnormality is a consequence of glutamate hypermetabolism rather than dopamine. The theory highlights the significance of early intervention and behavioral therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder. It potentially offers new approaches to dopaminergic pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for OCD patients.
Screening of lactic acid bacteria with anti-adipogenic effect and potential probiotic properties from grains
Authors: Seo Min Ju , Won Sung-Min , Kwon Min Ju , Song Ji Hyeon , Lee Eun Bee , Cho Jun Hyeong , Park Kye Won , Yoon Jung-Hoon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A total of 187 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four types of grains collected in South Korea. The bacterial strains were assigned as members of Levilactobacillus brevis, Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactococcus taiwanesis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella paramesenteroides based on the closest similarity using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strains belonging to the same species were analyzed using RAPD-PCR, and one or two among strains showing the same band pattern were selected. Finally, 25 representative strains were selected for further functional study. Inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation were observed in the strains tested. Pediococcus pentosaceus K28, Levilactobacillus brevis RP21 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RP12 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and decreased expression of six adipogenic marker genes in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. The three strains survived under strong acidity and bile salt conditions. The three strains showed adhesion to Caco-2 cells similar to a reference strain LGG. The resistance of the three strains to several antibiotics was also assessed. Strains RP12 and K28 were confirmed not to produce harmful enzymes based on API ZYM kit results. Based on these results, strains K28, RP21 and RP12 isolated from grains had the ability to inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes and potentially be useful as probiotics.
Functional insights from targeted imaging BACE1: The first near-infrared fluorescent probe for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
Authors: Bi Anyao , Wu Junyong , Huang Shuai , Li Yongjiang , Zheng Fan , Ding Jipeng , Dong Jie , Xiang Daxiong , Zeng Wenbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
β-Secretase (BACE1) is the vital enzyme in the pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the development of a powerful tool with sensitivity for BACE1 determination in vivo is a challenge.
Methods
A novel NIR fluorescent probe HBAE was synthetized starting from 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde and 2-amino-benzenethiol via five steps. The fluorescence mechanism in the ESIPT systems of HBAE was insighted studied with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the TDPBE0 level with the def2-TZVP approach. The corresponding docking between HBAE and BACE1 (PDB: 5I3Y) was performed through the ducking method by DOCK6.8. Then the BBB permeability of HBAE is verified by transwell orifice plate. 5XFAD mice and age-matched wild-type mice were employed to observe the brain kinetics by intravenous injection. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed on the AD brain section to reveal the levels of BACE1 in hippocampus and cortex areas and other regions in AD mice through the brain tissue slices by HBAE.
Results
The novel NIR fluorescent probe was self-assembly to nanomaterial and subsequently was successfully applied in imaging BACE1 in AD model mice. The capability of HBAE in reflecting different level of BACE1 was performed by the specific imaging of the hippocampus region.
Conclusions
We reported the first ESIPT near-infrared fluorescence material for monitoring endogenous BACE1 in the AD live model mice, thus offering a versatile chemical tool for visualizing in the pathological processes of AD live brains. Remarkably, high resolution images showed the localization of red fluorescence stains in hippocampus of the AD brain. This study provides a promising way for functional insights from protein BACE1 in vivo.
Pathophysiology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 mimics neoplastic cells, and long COVID-19 syndrome can be a Warburg effect and ACE-2 internalization consequence
Authors: Zanella Luiz Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Barros D'Elia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article develops a theory involving SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiological mechanisms based on an extensive literature review and is reinforced by two years of dealing with COVID-19 patients in different footage of the natural history of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the Warburg effect (W.E.), a well-described mechanism in neoplastic cells to obtain energy and substrates to enable cell growth. The W.E. is responsible for characteristic clinical and laboratory findings such as elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, uraemia, and acidosis, in addition to explaining why a specific profile of patients evolves into severe forms of the disease. This article also exposes a hypothesis for maintaining the inflammatory status after acute SARS-COV-2 infection, "The Long COVID-19 Syndrome". Assessment of the PubMed platform followed by evaluation of articles that supported issues regarding COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 AND AEROBIC GLYCOLISIS/WARBURG EFFECT. COVID-19 is a biphasic infectious disease (such as yellow fever, for example) that causes tenacious immune-metabolic changes that impact the inflammatory status. The hyperlactatemia (type B) in COVID-19 is due to the metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis (W.E.), and it can differentiate chronic or acute COVID-19 inflammatory status from septic shock hyperlactatemia, especially when associated with negative cultures. This article sheds light on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and possibilities for treatment and improvement in the clinical management of patients affected by this severe and catastrophic disease. The COVID-19 signature is the Warburg effect + ACE-2 + innate response + hypoxia + phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Try) metabolism. The disease’s magnitude is directly proportional to the patient's exposure to hypoxia.
Boosting Human Capacities: How Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Persons Differ in Attitudes Toward Human Enhancement and Naturalness
Authors: Döbler Niklas Alexander , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaccinations are a key measure to fight a pandemic like COVID-19. Even if widely available, some people still reject receiving them. One perspective on this reluctance is that vaccinations are a sophisticated biotechnology capable of augmenting the capacities of the human body, making it an instance of Human Enhancement (HE): Technologies that aim to improve humans. Global vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 evoke public reactions similar to those in the more general HE debate. One important issue here: Naturalness. We exemplify and discuss the reluctance to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 regarding factors influencing both: the attitudes toward HE and vaccination.Methods: We conducted an online survey (N = 314 persons); 256 individuals (81.5%) were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and n = 58 (18.5%) not. Participants answered questions concerning their attitudes on nature and naturalness, willingness to use cognitive enhancement methods, HE, psychological effects of vaccination, and planned vaccination. Several Bayesian regression models were constructed to predict the willingness to use cognitive enhancement, the attitude toward vaccinations, and whether people plan for further vaccination doses.Results: Participants are more willing to use methods to improve cognitive abilities if considered natural, non-invasive, and not used frequently. Vaccinated and unvaccinated participants clearly differed in nearly all variables, especially those reflecting on the attitude toward naturalness and related phenomena. Participants did not see vaccinations as a prime example of HE. Rating of vaccination as enhancement did not predict attitude on vaccination. Naturalness attitude and not being vaccinated were negatively associated with the attitude toward vaccinations and mediated the effect of being vaccinated. A positive attitude toward HE positively predicted attitude toward vaccinations. Support of disease control measures and attitude toward vaccinations positively predicted the plan to get more doses. Conclusions. Unvaccinated participants seem to reject vaccinations not because they label them as HE, but seem reluctant to both phenomena due to the same reasons. Any unnatural, invasive intervention is deemed unfavorable. When already vaccinated, naturalness becomes less important. If HE in the form of vaccination constitutes an essential measure to fight a pandemic, concerns about the naturalness and sanctity of the human body must be addressed.
Exploring bioactive compounds from Arthrospira platensis related for treatment of Systemic lupus erythematosus using network analysis
Authors: Chaiprasert Amnart , Ping Han , Laomettachit Teeraphan , Ruengjitchatchawalya Marasri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Immunosuppressive drugs are essential for SLE treatment, but there are concerns relating to their toxicity. Beneficial effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in humans have been demonstrated in many immunologic conditions; however, the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action have not been clearly identified. This study aims to discover potential bioactive compounds from A. platensis C1 for SLE treatment.
Results
A total of 833 compounds of A. platensis C1 were retrieved from the Spirulina-Proteome Repository (SpirPro) database and by literature mining. We retrieved structures and bioassays of these compounds from the PubChem database; and collected approved and potential drugs for SLE treatment from DrugBank and other databases. Our result demonstrated that cytidine, desthiobiotin, lomustine, agmatine, and anthranilic acid, from the alga, had Tanimoto matching scores of 100% with the following drugs: beta-arabinosylcytosine/cytarabine, d-dethiobiotin, lomustine, agmatine, and anthranilic acid, respectively. The bioassay matching and disease-gene-drug-compound network analysis, using VisANT 4.0 and Cytoscape, revealed 471 SLE-related genes. Among the SLE-related genes, MDM2, TP53, and JAK2 were identified as targets of cytarabine, while PPARG and IL1B were identified as targets of d-dethiobiotin. Binding affinity scores between the drug ligands and bioactive compound ligands with their corresponding receptors by were good and similar by molecular docking and stable by molecular dynamics.
Conclusion
Cytidine, desthiobiotin, lomustine, agmatine, and anthralinic acid from A. platensis C1 were identified as potential bioactive compounds for SLE treatment, using structural similarity matching, bioassay matching, disease-gene-drug-compound network analysis, and molecular docking and dynamics.
A simple strategy for low-cost portable monitoring of plasma drug concentrations using a sustainable boron-doped-diamond chip
Authors: Saiki Takuro , Ogata Genki , Sawamura Seishiro , Asai Kai , Razvina Olga , Watanabe Kota , Kato Rito , Zhang Qi , Akiyama Koei , Madhurantakam Sasya , Nashimoto Haruma , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Moriyama Masato , Horii Arata , Kondo Chie , Ochiai Ryosuke , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Saijo Yasuo , Einaga Yasuaki , Hibino Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Monitoring of plasma drug concentrations is required for effective and safe pharmacotherapies. Recent technical advances gave rise to various portable or wearable biosensors for rapid on-site monitoring. These devices are not yet popular owing to not only insufficient evaluation of accuracy on clinical samples and sensor-to-sensor variability but also the need for complicated costly fabrication processes. To address these bottlenecks, here, we describe a simple strategy based on boron-doped diamond (BDD) without any engineering modifications. As a test compound, we selected pazopanib, a molecular-targeting anticancer drug whose monitoring is recommended. When assaying rat plasma spiked with pazopanib, a sensing system constructed from a ~1 cm2 BDD plate chip detected concentrations in the clinically relevant range. The response was stable in a series of 60 measurements on the same chip, indicating excellent repeatability of the assay and high sustainability of the material. When plasma samples collected from orally treated healthy rats or patients with cancers were analysed with the system, the results overall matched the concentrations determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Additionally, the reproducibility of BDD chip–based assays was tested. Finally, we constructed a portable system with a palm-sized sensor containing a BDD chip and demonstrated that the setup successfully quantifies the drug in plasma from ~40 µL of whole blood of a dosed rat within a short turnaround time: ~10 min. This approach with the ‘reusable’ sensor, which can also possibly detect other drug types, may accelerate point-of-testing assays and advance personalised medicine while reducing medical costs.
Weak-keys and key-recovery attack for TinyJAMBU
Authors: Dutta Pranjal , Rajas Mahesh Sreekumar , Sarkar Santanu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study NIST lightweight 3 rd round candidate TinyJAMBU. The core component of TinyJAMBU is the keyed permutation P n , which which is based on a non-linear feedback shift register. By analysing this permutation carefully, we are able to find good cubes that are used to build distinguishers in the weak-key setting. These distinguishers outperform the best-known distinguishers, which were proposed in the esteemed Nature Scientific Reports by Teng et al. We also study the exact degree in nonce of the feedback polynomial of P n. This helped us in concluding that TinyJAMBU with more than 445 rounds is secure against distinguishers using 32 sized cubes in the normal setting. Finally, we give new key-recovery attacks against TinyJAMBU using the concepts of monomial trail presented by Hu et al. at ASIACRYPT 2020. Our attacks are unlikely to jeopardise the security of the entire 640 rounds TinyJAMBU, but we strongly anticipate that they will shed new lights on the cipher’s security.
Antioxidant and chlorophyll dynamics differ between perennial flax (Linum perenne and Linum lewisii) and annual flax (Linum usitatissimum and Linum grandiflorum).
Authors: Nisbett Kenyon J , Alokozai Abida , Elias Miron , Shaikh Shiza , Mott G Adam , Brown Jason 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Among plants, there is considerable variation in maximum lifespan, with annual species living less than one year and perennial species living as long as 43 600 years. According to the Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging, the maximum lifespan of an organism is partly determined by the rate at which it accumulates oxidative damage to its biomolecules. Consequently, perennial species have likely evolved mechanisms to slow down the accumulation of biomolecular oxidative damage relative to annual species. The present study aimed to evaluate this prediction using annual and perennial flax ( Linum ). While there are several mechanisms by which the accumulation of oxidative damage to biomolecules can be reduced, we focused on the role of antioxidants and biomolecular damage repair. Epicotyl growth and leaf production of annual—but not perennial—species were significantly affected by supplementation with exogenous ascorbic acid or glutathione, suggesting that annuals may have lower levels of endogenous antioxidants than perennials. Furthermore, while rates of chlorophyll degradation in response to exogenous H 2 O 2 did not differ between annual and perennial species, rates of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure were 2-fold faster in perennial species, whether assessed via image colour or spectrophotometric analysis, reflecting their greater capacity to repair oxidative damage to chlorophyll compared to annuals. Similarly, when plants were exposed to complete darkness for several days, chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals, perhaps because annuals quickly redistributed resources from leaves to flowers. When subsequently reintroduced to natural light cycles, chlorophyll resynthesis occurred 2-fold more quickly in perennials than annuals. Overall, our study illuminates that the evolutionary transitions between life history strategies in plants have been accompanied by physiological modifications to antioxidant and chlorophyll dynamics that reflect the need for perennial species to delay the aging process in order to survive for multiple growing seasons.
Comparing the effects of different organic mulching materials on weed control, soil moisture conservation, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity in the moisture deficit areas
Authors: Mezgebe Hailay , Girmay Gebreyohannes , Teka Kassa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity, in water deficit areas such as Ethiopia, is threatened by low soil fertility, weed infestation and moisture stress. Organic Mulch was believed to avert these challenges but only limited scientific information, on its level of effects (crop yield, soil moisture conservation and weed control), was available. Hence, an experiment was carried out on Cambisols in Tigray/Ethiopia during the 2019/20 growing season following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Four organic mulch types (maize stalk, sorghum stalk, wheat straw, and finger millet straw), each at the rates of 2 ton ha− 1 were compared against the control (no mulch). Their economic visibility was evaluated using partial budget analysis. Our experimental results revealed that mulched plots had a significantly higher weed control efficiency, soil moisture content, grain yield, and net benefit as compared to the control. Mulching in general improved Wheat grain yield by 26.8%, soil moisture (at 0–20 cm) by 73.7%, weed control efficiency by 57.4%, and net benefit by 19.7% as compared to the control. Maize and sorghum stover mulches were the most profitable mulch types which increased net benefit by 38.2 and 27.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that organic mulching with Maize and Sorghum stover is a good option to improve crop production, soil moisture and reduce weed infestation in the moisture deficit areas.
LncRNA AC008622.2 is an unfavorable prognostic factor of Liver hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Wang Shengkai , Liu Jingjing , Gu Mengjie , Ye Ruifan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is among the most commonly reported cancer type. Despite numerous reports and efforts of this condition, its pathogenesis remains incompletely clear.
Methods
To search for candidate genes that play a role in LIHC carcinogenesis and progression, we analyzed LncRNA AC008622.2 mRNA expression using LIHC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A chi-square (χ2) test was performed to assess relationships of AC008622.2 mRNA expressions and clinic-pathological characteristics. The diagnostic value of AC008622.2 for LIHC was generated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of AC008622.2 for LIHC outcomes. Interactions between AC008622.2 cells and infiltrated immune cells were analysed via ESTIMATE. Furthermore, a compound-target-lncRNA network was constructed from the TCMSP database.
Results
AC008622.2 mRNA expressions in LIHC tissues were elevated. AC008622.2 demonstrated specific value in LIHC diagnosis. High AC008622.2 levels correlated with histologicalal grade, clinical stage, and T classification of LIHC. Elevated AC008622.2 mRNA levels were associated with worse overall survival, and poor progression-free interval. Furthermore, attest to univariate analysis, AC008622.2 was established to be an independent risk factor for LIHC development. Additionally, there were significantly positive correlations between AC008622.2 expression and infiltrating immune cells, such as NK cells, neutrophils, DCs, cytotoxic cells, CD8 + T cells as well as B cells. Furthermore, a visualization network was constructed and suggested that AC008622.2 has 9 overlapping target genes with Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder.
Conclusions
AC008622.2 is a potential diagnostic as well as prognostic marker for LIHC.
Exploring sustainable care pathways.
Authors: Vasset Frøydis , Sather Eva Walderhaug , Svindseth Marit , Iversen Valentina Cabral , Crawford Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with mental health problems experience numerous transitions into and out of hospital. Aim: The review studies assessing clinical care pathways between psychiatric hospitalization and community health services. Methods: We used publications between 2009-2020 to allow a broad scoping review of the published research. Sixteen review-articles were identified, 12 primary studies were chosen, both on care pathways in the transition between psychiatric hospital and community. Results: Organizational issues: Systems and procedures to ensure clear responsibilities and transparency at each stage of the pathways of care. Resources: Information-technology in objectively improving patient outcome. Information/documentation: Providing patients with adequate structured information and documented plans at the appropriate time. Patient/families: Continuous collaborative decision-making. Clinical care and teamwork: Collaboration between mental health and other professionals to guarantee that planned activities meet patient need. Ethical issues: Respectful communication and patient-centred, non-humiliating care.Conclusions: System and procedures ensure clear responsibilities and transparency. Information technology support decision-making and referral and objectively improve patient outcomes in care pathways. Collaboration between mental health and other professionals guarantee that planned activities meet patients’ needs along with regular meetings sharing key information. Around-the-clock ambulant-teams important to transition success. Informed-shared decision-making between parties, support patient participation and respectful communication.