bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Experience
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Experiences don’t just happen to us. An important aspect of understanding aesthetic experience is to understand what we do when we are trying to have it. Trying to have an aesthetic experience is often a mental action. And we learn from an early age how to perform these actions and which action is to be performed under what circumstances. This is an important reason why aesthetic experiences vary wildly depending on our personal and cultural background. It also explains an important sense in which aesthetic phenomena matter to us personally. And it also captures an important aspect of how aesthetic endeavors can serve as a social glue.
Abstraction in Post-War British Literature 1945-1980
Authors: Ferris Natalie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This book traces a line of literary experimentation in post-war British literature that was prompted by the aesthetic, philosophical, and theoretical demands of abstraction. Spanning the period 1945 to 1980, it observes the ways in which certain aesthetic advancements initiated new forms of literary expression to posit a new genealogy of interdisciplinary practice in Britain. It is the first sustained chronological study to consider the ways in which a select number of British poets, authors, and critics challenged the received views of their post-war moment in the discovery of the imaginative and idealizing potential of abstraction. At a time in which Britain became conscious of its evolving identity within an increasingly globalized context, this study accounts for the range of Continental and Transatlantic influences in order to more accurately locate the networks at play. Exploring the contributions made by individuals, such as Herbert Read, Ian Hamilton Finlay, and Christine Brooke-Rose, as well as by groups of practitioners, such as the British concrete poetry movement, small press initiatives, and Art & Language, and bringing a wide range of previously unexplored archival material into the public domain, this book offers a comprehensive account of the evolving status of abstraction across cultural, institutional, and literary contexts. The discussions build a vision of an era that increasingly jettisons the predetermined critical lexicon of abstraction to generate works of a more pragmatic abstract inspiration: the spatial demands of concrete poetry, language as medium in the conceptual artwork, the absence of linear plot in the new novel. The post-war period, this book suggests, was witness to the intensification of the meeting between spatiality and visuality in literature.
Non-Narrative Sources
Authors: Foss Clive 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sources other than the Tradition can be exploited for information about Osman and Orhan—notably coins, inscriptions, and documents. Osman struck no coins but Orhan did—in a great variety. The ephemeral Sasa who conquered lands in the Maeander and Cayster valleys—well attested in the sources—struck coins in the name of the Ilkhans, Mongol rulers of Iran, and most of Asia Minor. Inscriptions confirm the extravagant titles that Orhan assumed and indicate growing wealth in the Turkish emirates in the fourteenth century while documents illustrate the relative poverty of Osman’s domains compared with those of Orhan. One of them, of 1324, gives some insight into the Ottoman family and its power in the Sangarius region.
Osman and his Neighbors
Authors: Foss Clive 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at Osman in the context of the Turkish emirates of western Asia Minor, formed as the marauding tribes settled down in the early fourteenth century. It attempts to define Osman’s domain and his relations with his neighbors, especially the powerful emirate of Germiyan. It examines the extent of Osman’s conquests and the regions that had vast reserves of tribesmen. It presents the other emirates, with special attention to the rich maritime Aydın and Menteşe and concludes with the Ilkhans, their activity in Asia Minor and their relations with Byzantium, focusing on Ghazan, first governor then ruler at the time when Osman appeared on the scene. An appendix attempts to determine when Osman died.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Foss Clive 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since the sources do not permit a definitive conclusion, these final thoughts seek to bring together the material that has been presented. It stresses the limited possibilities of the small and relatively poor Ottoman homeland, emphasizes the importance of the Tradition despite its faults, and points out the conrast between the growing but still limited domain of Osman and the great power of Orhan, who can be seen as the real founder of an empire. The problems of the sources have led to a variety of explanations, summarized here. Some factors are adduced to contribute to the discusion: that Osman was fighting infidels and so could call on warriors for the Faith; that Byzantium was in constan decline; that other Turcoman and Mongol Powers were occupied with their own wars; that Osman and Orhan built for permanence, incorporating conquered territories and their fighters into Ottoman lands, rather than just raiding. In sum, Osman and Orhan were in the right place at the right time.
Mother, Here Is Your Stone
Authors: Bonsu Samuel Kwaku 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Susu is an ancient cooperative system of mobilizing all kinds of resources in Ghana, even though it is primarily used for financial services. The Susu system refers to the deliberate act of people to collectively organize and to come together to pool money. The author remembers his own ancestors, who have for generations belonged to Susus, and it is a tradition embedded into local life. Despite the efforts of extreme forms of capitalism to push for individualized banking through structural adjustments, the Ghanaian people counter neoliberal policies by engaging in these banking coops called Susus. The author has carried out empirical work and interviewed members of the Legon West Susu Association (LEWSA), as well as traders in Tema, Cape Coast, and Accra’s Makola market, to further understand the social dimension of the Susu banks. The findings reveal that the Susu system is subtly working to transform the conventional banking sector by making space for traditional cooperative systems. The Susu in Ghana is one that is built on reciprocity, trust, and community bonding in a post-capitalist world that is operating beyond the contemporary neoliberal capitalist order.
Money Pools (Hụi/Họ) in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Dao Nga 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Across Vietnam, and for poor people in particular, there is demand for loans that are below market rates and less risky than those given by private lenders. The rural financial sector in Vietnam presently has three sub-sectors: formal, semi-formal, and informal. All of these sub-sectors have provided poor households with microfinance services in different forms and approaches. While examining rural finance in Vietnam in general, this chapter pays particular attention to one aspect of it—the informal sub-sector. Through hundreds of years, informal saving has existed in every corner of Vietnam, from rural to urban, and is getting more diversified in its structure. However, until 2006, rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) were not recognized as legal activities. While ROSCAs or money pools have brought positive results to a number of people, they have also been seen as an evidence of trust degradation and a rotten morality in many other cases. Based on interviews with local people, focus-group discussions, and government and non-governmental organization (NGO) documents, the authors examined the ROSCAs system in Vietnam. Findings show how popular ROSCAs have been in rural Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta, and that even though incidents happen, ROSCAs remain a good way for women in that region to create an income and to help their families out of poverty. This practice will keep proliferating through time, and help strengthen tight connections among local communities.
Keralite Women’s Collective Finance in South India
Authors: Christabell P. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kerala has had a long legacy of self-help groups and cooperatives, from the 1800s in the British Raj to modern-day India. In the 1990s, various self-help-group movements emerged and spread throughout the landscape in an unimagined momentum to reach financially excluded poor women. Affirmative actions by governments played a significant role in all these developments, as conscious efforts were taken to intervene in financial markets. One good example is Kudumbashree, where an anti-poverty and women-empowerment program was implemented by the State Poverty Eradication Mission of the Government of Kerala. Conscientious, progressive government policies engaged women’s groups to rethink formal finance. Tracing the timeline, however, shows that this is not the first such event in the regional economy. Chit funds are the indigenous rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs), and were widely prevalent in all the cultural milieu of society, cutting across caste, religion, economic class, and gender, thus penetrating deeply into the minds and hearts of the people. However, with the rise of ROSCAs during an era of modernization came serious challenges, with new issues of defaults and corruption. People’s power, coupled with local democratic movements, forced the state governments to take up the self-help-group cause and to regulate ROSCAs in the formal economy. In this paper, the whole evolution from informal collectives called Chit to formal Chit banks is tracked. This formalization of ROSCAs protects the users and sends a powerful message that ROSCAs belong side-by-side with diverse financial systems.
Cyclical History and Roman Decline
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines how Jones’s emerging philosophy of history was shaped by the cyclical historical movement which rose to prominence in the early twentieth century. Contextualising his rejection of linear progress and his belief in the fundamental similarity of cycles occurring across world history—particularly between Roman and Western decline—demonstrates the impact of this movement on Jones’s thought and art. Out of this engagement, and through his dependence on the works of Oswald Spengler and Christopher Dawson, Jones would come to reimagine time as a dynamic relationship between past and present. This chapter charts Jones’s reliance on cyclical methodologies and compares his approach to those of his literary contemporaries. It examines the complex vision of history that emerges in his poetry, in which cyclical concepts (such as, typological repetition and patterns of civilisational rise and decline) are subsumed within an ongoing teleological movement towards the end of time.
Reimagining Cultural Decline
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 10 explores Jones’s sense of Welsh identity. While he had felt Welsh since childhood, Jones’s association with Wales became far more politicised across the later decades of his life. As an Anglo–Welsh writer—who lamented his inability to master the language—Jones was in some ways an outsider. Nevertheless, he fought alongside Welsh friends and contemporaries for the protection of the Welsh language and landscape. This chapter contextualises both Jones’s fear for the decline of Welsh culture and his responding decision to argue for a unique Roman inheritance for Wales, within the wider dialogues shaping twentieth-century Welsh nationalism. It demonstrates not only the similarities between Jones’s ideas and those of key members of Plaid Cymru—such as his close friend Saunders Lewis and Gwynfor Evans—but also highlights the ways in which these conceptions of Wales’s Roman origin were used to challenge prevailing assumptions around the value of English and Welsh inheritance.
Rewriting Welsh History
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 11 explores Jones’s participation in a movement involving historians, such as Arthur Wade Wade-Evans, and prominent members of Plaid Cymru, which strove for a radical revision of Welsh history. Wales, in their estimation, was a nation that emerged from the Roman Empire, preserved its Roman religion and traditions, and upheld this unique inheritance into modernity. This chapter traces Jones’s deep engagement with Welsh nationalist ideas around Wales’s Roman origins. It highlights the reasons why these arguments challenged accepted visions of the Welsh as a historically defeated people and examines how Jones interweaved these provocative claims into his essays, poetry, paintings and letters. It pursues this analysis across key areas of his thought, including his characterisation of Welsh historical figures—such as Cunedda and Llywelyn the Last—his assertion of a Catholic tradition in Wales, and his belief that Welsh myth and literature preserved the remnants of Rome in Welsh culture.
Cultural Dynamics
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 12 explores Jones’s visualisation of cultural heritage as a Bridge between past and present and his belief that Welsh culture held an integral position in British and Western tradition. This chapter traces the ways in which Jones embedded this concept of cultural inheritance into his artistic works—including The Lord of Venedotia (1948) and CARA WALLIA DERELICTA (1959)—and established it as a structural principle in his poetry, for example in The Sleeping Lord (1974). It interrogates Jones’s attempt to foreground the unique nature of the relationship between Rome and Wales so as to justify the continuance of Welsh culture in modernity before turning to a discussion of the crucial role he allotted to poets in a period of decline. In this construction, Jones felt it was his duty to preserve and rejuvenate Welsh heritage for the benefit of all the inhabitants of Britain and all who share in the Western cultural tradition.
Covid (in)equalities: labor market protection, health, and residential care in Germany, Sweden, and the UK
Authors: Ellison Nick , Blomqvist Paula , Fleckenstein Timo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How have differently institutionalized welfare regimes dealt with the Covid-19 crisis? In particular, how have they confronted the social and economic inequalities exposed by the virus? Taking three European countries—Germany, Sweden, and the UK, corresponding broadly to conservative-continental, social democratic, and liberal regime types—this paper tracks the virus response in the areas of income and employment protection and health and residential care. With attention paid to issues of “capacity” and the institutional arrangements in each case, we find that institutional histories in Germany and Sweden permitted a certain recidivistic reliance on established practices in the areas of employment and social protection. In sum, certain social and economic inequalities were mitigated as these countries set aside recent trends toward “liberalization” and mobilized longer-standing institutional capacities to protect some groups, although by no means all. Evidence of this trend is less clear in the health and residential care sectors, where Germany had existing capacity, allowing its older population to weather the crisis in better order than its counterparts in Sweden and the UK. In the UK, welfare liberalization has led to increased social and economic inequalities and funding reductions in health and residential care—all of which have reduced the country’s ability to deal with severe crisis. The Covid response in this case was agile, but also chaotic, with little being done to ameliorate the positions of the most vulnerable groups.
Legacies of Mistrust?
Authors: Silber Mohamed Heather , Heidt-Forsythe Erin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
On average, over 1 in 10 women in the United States have difficulty getting pregnant and carrying a pregnancy to full term, with women of color experiencing infertility at nearly twice the rate of non-Hispanic white women. Although infertility rates are significantly higher within Black and Latino communities, treatment and success rates are significantly lower. We seek to understand whether views of in vitro fertilization (IVF, a common reproductive technology), particularly within communities of color, are shaped by a broader skepticism about new medical technology. Using data from a 2013 national survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, we measure medical mistrust across racial/ethnic groups and test whether these beliefs are associated with views toward IVF.
Stabilization of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by protein core redesign and deep mutational scanning
Authors: Leonard Alison C , Weinstein Jonathan J , Steiner Paul J , Erbse Annette H , Fleishman Sarel J , Whitehead Timothy A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStabilizing antigenic proteins as vaccine immunogens or diagnostic reagents is a stringent case of protein engineering and design as the exterior surface must maintain recognition by receptor(s) and antigen—specific antibodies at multiple distinct epitopes. This is a challenge, as stability enhancing mutations must be focused on the protein core, whereas successful computational stabilization algorithms typically select mutations at solvent-facing positions. In this study, we report the stabilization of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan Hu-1 Spike receptor binding domain using a combination of deep mutational scanning and computational design, including the FuncLib algorithm. Our most successful design encodes I358F, Y365W, T430I, and I513L receptor binding domain mutations, maintains recognition by the receptor ACE2 and a panel of different anti-receptor binding domain monoclonal antibodies, is between 1 and 2°C more thermally stable than the original receptor binding domain using a thermal shift assay, and is less proteolytically sensitive to chymotrypsin and thermolysin than the original receptor binding domain. Our approach could be applied to the computational stabilization of a wide range of proteins without requiring detailed knowledge of active sites or binding epitopes. We envision that this strategy may be particularly powerful for cases when there are multiple or unknown binding sites.
Rights vs. Lived Realities: Women’s Views of Gender Equality in Relationships in Rural South Africa
Authors: Sennott Christie , Kane Danielle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
South Africa’s constitution is among the world’s most ambitious in promoting gender equality, but the country continues to be marked by inequality and gender-based violence. Given this context, we analyze 43 interviews with Black women aged 18–55 in rural South Africa to explore how the constitutional ideal of gender equality—or “50/50”—has been interpreted and applied in women’s intimate relationships. Overall, we found that inequality and gender hierarchy were common in relationships. Women relied on two logics to explain the persistence of inequality in their relationships. First, women offered ideological support for gender norms supporting hierarchy by linking 50/50 to the abandonment of culture, tradition, and respect. Second, women viewed reaffirmation of gender inequality within relationships as a pragmatic way to avoid men’s violence and infidelity, thus protecting women from abandonment and HIV. Women’s views about equality in relationships were shaped by dominant gender norms, precarity in the local political economy, and the risks of violence and HIV/AIDS. Our findings expand theories of social change by highlighting how longstanding social norms, but also local political-economic and health conditions can influence views of equality and, ultimately, the local adoption or dismissal of international standards of rights and equality.
Identification of Mahonia Species as Alternate Hosts for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Determination of Existence of Sexual Propagation of the Rust Pathogen on Mahonia Under Natural Conditions in China
Authors: Cheng Xiangrui , Zhuang Hua , Zhao Jing , Zhan Gangming , Kang Zhensheng , Zhao Jie 
Published: February 2022

Many Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Importantly, susceptible Berberis species are determined to play an important role in the occurrence of sexual reproduction, generation of new races of the rust pathogen. However, little is known about Mahonia serving as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and their role to commence sexual reproduction of the rust fungus under natural conditions. Herein, three Mahonia species or subspecies, Mahonia fortunei, M. eurybracteata subsp. ganpinensis, and M. sheridaniana, were identified as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and seven Mahonia species were highly resistant to the rust pathogen. We recovered seven samples of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from naturally rusted Mahonia cardiophylla plants. Totally, 54 single uredinium (SU) isolates, derived from the seven samples, generated 20 different race types, including one known race type, and 19 new race types. SNP markers analysis showed that all SU isolates displayed high phenotype diversity (H = 0.32) with a high Shannon’s information index (I = 0.49). Analysis of linkage disequilibrium indicated an insignificant rbarD value (rbarD = 0.003, P < 0.1). As a result, all SU isolates are sexually produced, suggesting that P. striiformis f. sp. tritici parasitizes susceptible Mahonia to complete sexual reproduction under natural conditions. The role of Mahonia in occurrence of wheat stripe rust are needed to study for management of the disease.
Outcomes of Telehealth for Wound Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kostovich Carol T. , Etingen Bella , Wirth Marissa , Patrianakos Jamie , Kartje Rebecca , Baharestani Mona , Weaver Frances M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the literature on delivering wound care via telehealth and compare clinical, healthcare utilization, and cost outcomes when wound care is provided via telehealth (telewound) modalities compared with in-person care.

DATA SOURCES
An electronic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Clinical Trials databases for articles published from 1999 to 2019 was conducted using the following MeSH search terms: telewound, wound, wound care, remote care, telehealth, telemedicine, eHealth, mobile health, pressure injury, and ulcer.

STUDY SELECTION
Articles were included if they were a scientific report of a single study; evaluated a telehealth method; identified the type of wound of focus; and provided data on clinical, healthcare utilization, or cost outcomes of telewound care. In total, 26 articles met these criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted and grouped into 13 categories, including study design, wound type, telehealth modality, treatment intervention, and outcomes measured, among others.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Of the 26 studies, 19 reported on clinical outcomes including overall healing and healing time; 17 studies reported on healthcare utilization including hospitalizations and length of stay; and 12 studies reported costs.

CONCLUSIONS
Evidence regarding the use of telewound care is weak, and findings related to the impact of telewound care on outcomes are inconsistent but indicate that it is not inferior to in-person care. Greater use of telehealth as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic points to further development of navigation and education models of telehealth for wound care. However, additional studies using rigorous research design and leveraging robust sample sizes are needed to demonstrate value.
Maladaptive coping mechanisms of sleep
Authors: Winegar Rhonda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Patients with insomnia have been shown to use many maladaptive coping mechanisms. This article examines the effect of such coping mechanisms on sleep quality by reviewing results of polysomnography and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale among 137 patients. The study showed that sleep quality was affected by these mechanisms.