bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of machine learning to pretherapeutically estimate dosimetry in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with 177Lu-PSMA I&T therapy
Authors: Xue Song , Gafita Andrei , Dong Chao , Zhao Yu , Tetteh Giles , Menze Bjoern H. , Ziegler Sibylle , Weber Wolfgang , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rominger Axel , Eiber Matthias , Shi Kuangyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Although treatment planning and individualized dose application for emerging prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) are generally recommended, it is still difficult to implement in practice at the moment. In this study, we aimed to prove the concept of pretherapeutic prediction of dosimetry based on imaging and laboratory measurements before the RLT treatment.

Methods
Twenty-three patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with 177Lu-PSMA I&T RLT were included retrospectively. They had available pre-therapy 68 Ga-PSMA-HEBD-CC PET/CT and at least 3 planar and 1 SPECT/CT imaging for dosimetry. Overall, 43 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA I&T RLT were applied. Organ-based standard uptake values (SUVs) were obtained from pre-therapy PET/CT scans. Patient dosimetry was calculated for the kidney, liver, spleen, and salivary glands using Hermes Hybrid Dosimetry 4.0 from the planar and SPECT/CT images. Machine learning methods were explored for dose prediction from organ SUVs and laboratory measurements. The uncertainty of these dose predictions was compared with the population-based dosimetry estimates. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to assess the prediction uncertainty of estimated dosimetry.

Results
An optimal machine learning method achieved a dosimetry prediction MAPE of 15.8 ± 13.2% for the kidney, 29.6% ± 13.7% for the liver, 23.8% ± 13.1% for the salivary glands, and 32.1 ± 31.4% for the spleen. In contrast, the prediction based on literature population mean has significantly larger MAPE (p < 0.01), 25.5 ± 17.3% for the kidney, 139.1% ± 111.5% for the liver, 67.0 ± 58.3% for the salivary glands, and 54.1 ± 215.3% for the spleen.

Conclusion
The preliminary results confirmed the feasibility of pretherapeutic estimation of treatment dosimetry and its added value to empirical population-based estimation. The exploration of dose prediction may support the implementation of treatment planning for RLT.
Masquelet–Ilizarov technique for the management of bone loss post debridement of infected tibial nonunion
Authors: Khaled Abdullah , El-Gebaly Osama , El-Rosasy Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Masquelet and Ilizarov techniques have their advantages and shortcomings in the reconstruction of bone defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of both techniques for the management of infected tibial nonunion to combine the advantages of both techniques with avoidance of shortcomings of both of them.

Patients and methods
A prospective single-centre study was performed during the period from 2012 to 2019. Patients with the infected nonunion of the tibia with bone defect were included. Patients with pathological fractures or non-infected bone loss were excluded. Management protocol for all patients consisted of two stages. The first stage was Masquelet induced membrane technique and the second stage was Ilizarov bone transport. The results were assessed based on both objective (clinical and radiographic evaluation) and subjective criteria (limb function and patient satisfaction).

Results
Thirty-two patients were included in this study. The mean size of the defect was 6 cm. Ilizarov bone transport was done through the induced membrane chamber in all cases with an average follow-up of 28 months. Successful reconstruction without recurrence of infection was achieved in 30 cases (94%). No other bone or soft tissue procedure was needed with satisfactory functional outcome in 27 out of 30 cases (90%). Three cases had unsatisfactory results due to leg length discrepancy, joint stiffness, and persistent pain.

Conclusions
Masquelet–Ilizarov technique can be used for the management of infected nonunion tibia with high satisfactory results without the need for complex soft tissue procedures.
Prospective comparison of tadalafil 5 mg alone, silodosin 8 mg alone, and the combination of both in treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: AbdelRazek Mostafa , Abolyosr Ahmad , Mhammed Omar , Fathi Atef , Talaat Mohammed , Hassan Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), will have deterioration in the quality of life. Likewise, BPH can be complicated by damage to bladder function, bladder stones formation, hematuria, and impaired kidney function. The goal of treatment is to avoid all those effects caused by BPH.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of tadalafil alone, silodosin alone, and the combination of both in the treatment of LUTS associated with BPH.

Patients and methods
Patients in our department with BPH who had LUTS were assigned randomly to three groups: A (101 patients) received tadalafil, 5 mg; B (102 patients) received silodosin, 8 mg; and group C (105 patients) received the combination of tadalafil, 5 mg, and silodosin, 8 mg. For all participants, we asses changes in the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, Post-voiding urine (PVR) and all results were recorded and analyzed with the (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results
Qmax, IPSS, PVR and IIEF score improved significantly more with the combination of tadalafil and silodosin than with either drug alone (p < 0.001). Three months after treatment, the mean Qmax values were 14.4 ml/sec in group A, 15.2 ml/sec in group B, and 15.8 ml/sec in group C; and the mean IPSSs were 17.6 in group A, 16.7 in group B, and 15.6 in group C (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Tadalafil and silodosin are effective treatment options in men with BPH who have LUTS, but the combination of both is more effective and feasible in treating LUTS of BPH.
Pilot study to identify missed opportunities for prevention of childhood tuberculosis
Authors: Feiterna-Sperling Cornelia , Thoulass Janine , Krüger Renate , Haas Walter , Hauer Barbara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) in exposed children can be prevented with timely contact tracing and preventive treatment. This study aimed to identify potential barriers and delays in the prevention of childhood TB in a low-incidence country by assessing the management of children subsequently diagnosed with TB. A pilot retrospective cohort study included children (< 15 years) treated for TB between 2009 and 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in Berlin, Germany. Clinical data on cases and source cases, information on time points of the diagnostic work up, and preventive measures were collected and analyzed. Forty-eight children (median age 3 years [range 0.25–14]) were included; 36 had been identified through contact tracing, the majority (26; 72.2%) being < 5 years. TB source cases were mostly family members, often with advanced disease. Thirty children (83.3%) did not receive prophylactic or preventive treatment, as TB was already prevalent when first presented. Three cases developed TB despite preventive or prophylactic treatment; in three cases (all < 5 years), recommendations had not been followed. Once TB was diagnosed in source cases, referral, assessment, TB diagnosis, and treatment were initiated in most children in a timely manner with a median duration of 18 days (interquartile range 6–60, range 0–252) between diagnosis of source case and child contact (information available for 35/36; 97.2%). In some cases, notable delays in follow-up occurred.Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis of adult source cases appears to be the most important challenge for childhood TB prevention. However, improvement is also needed in the management of exposed children.

What is Known:• Following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, young children have a high risk of progression to active and severe forms of tuberculosis (TB).• The risk of infection and disease progression can be minimized by prompt identification of TB-exposed individuals and initiation of prophylactic or preventive treatment.

What is New:• We could show that there are avoidable time lags in diagnosis in a relevant proportion of children with known TB exposure.• Delayed diagnosis of adult source cases, losses in follow-up examinations, and delay in referral to a specialized TB clinic of TB-exposed children, especially among foreign-born children, appear to be the main issue in this German pediatric study cohort.
The effect of enhanced recovery after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shen Yaxing , Chen Xiaosang , Hou Junyi , Chen Youwen , Fang Yong , Xue Zhanggang , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Cerfolio Robert J. , Fernando Hiran C. , Fiorelli Alfonso , Brunelli Alessandro , Cang Jing , Tan Lijie , Wang Hao ,   Written on behalf of the AME Thoracic Surgery Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine if enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) would improve outcomes for three-stage minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE).

Methods
Patients with esophageal cancer undergoing MIE between March 2016 and August 2018 were consecutively enrolled, and were randomly divided into 2 groups: ERAS+group that received a guideline-based ERAS protocol, and ERAS- group that received standard care. The primary endpoint was morbidity after MIE. The secondary endpoints were the length of stay (LOS) and time to ambulation after the surgery. The perioperative results including the Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) and Visualized Analgesia Score (VAS) were also collected and compared.

Results
A total of 60 patients in the ERAS+ group and 58 patients in the ERAS- group were included. Postoperatively, lower morbidity and pulmonary complication rate were recorded in the ERAS+ group (33.3% vs. 51.7%; p = 0.04, 16.7% vs. 32.8%; p = 0.04), while the incidence of anastomotic leakage remained comparable (11.7% vs. 15.5%; p = 0.54). There was an earlier ambulation (3 [2–3] days vs. 3 [3–4] days, p = 0.001), but comparable LOS (10 [9–11.25] days vs. 10 [9–13] days; p = 0.165) recorded in ERAS+ group. The ERAS protocol led to close scores in both SAS (7.80 ± 1.03 vs. 8.07 ± 0.89, p = 0.21) and VAS (1.74 ± 0.85 vs. 1.78 ± 1.06, p = 0.84).

Conclusions
Implementation of an ERAS protocol for patients undergoing MIE resulted in earlier ambulation and lower pulmonary complications, without a change in anastomotic leakage or length of hospital stay. Further studies on minimizing leakage should be addressed in ERAS for MIE.
Tsunami potential source in the eastern Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey), along the North Anatolian Fault system
Authors: Gasperini Luca , Zaniboni Filippo , Armigliato Alberto , Tinti Stefano , Pagnoni Gianluca , Özeren Mehmet Sinan , Ligi Marco , Natali Francesca , Polonia Alina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on morphobathymetric and seismic reflection data, we studied a large landslide body from the eastern Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey), along the main strand of the North Anatolian Fault, one of the most seismically active geological structures on Earth. Due to its location and dimensions, the sliding body may cause tsunamis in case of failure possibly induced by an earthquake. This could affect heavily the coasts of the Sea of Marmara and the densely populated Istanbul Metropolitan area, with its exposed cultural heritage assets. After a geological and geometrical description of the landslide, thanks to high-resolution marine geophysical data, we simulated numerically possible effects of its massive mobilization along a basal displacement surface. Results, within significant uncertainties linked to dimensions and kinematics of the sliding mass, suggest generation of tsunamis exceeding 15–20 m along a broad coastal sector of the eastern Sea of Marmara. Although creeping processes or partial collapse of the landslide body could lower the associated tsunami risk, its detection stresses the need for collecting more marine geological/geophysical data in the region to better constrain hazards and feasibility of specific emergency plans.
Intervention effects of a school-based health promotion programme on children’s nutrition behaviour
Authors: Kobel Susanne , Wartha Olivia , Dreyhaupt Jens , Feather Katie E. , Steinacker Jürgen M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim
The programme “Join the Healthy Boat” promotes amongst other things a healthy diet in primary school children. In order to evaluate the programme’s effectiveness, this study longitudinally investigated children’s nutrition behaviour.

Subject and methods
A total of 1564 children (7.1 ± 0.6 years) participated in a cluster-randomised study. Teachers delivered lessons including behavioural contracting and budgeting. Nutritional behaviours of parents and child were assessed via parental report. Anthropometrics were measured on site.

Results
After one year, children in the intervention group (IG) showed a significant reduction in the consumption of pure juices (p ≤ 0.001). Soft drink consumption reduced in both groups, although with a trend towards a slightly greater reduction in the IG. Children with fathers of normal weight as well as first graders showed a significant reduction of soft drink consumption in the IG (p = 0.025 and p = 0.022 respectively). Fruit and vegetable intake increased significantly for first graders (p = 0.050), children from families with a high parental education level (p = 0.023), and for children with an overweight father (p = 0.034). Significant group differences were found for fruit and vegetable intake of children with migration background (p = 0.01) and children of parents with a high school degree could be observed (p = 0.019).

Conclusion
This shows that the programme appeals to a wider range of children, and is therefore more likely to compensate for differences due to origin or other social inequalities, which also shows that active parental involvement is vital for successful interventions.
Perceptions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines: narratives from members of the UK public
Authors: Ajana Btihaj , Engstler Elena , Ismail Anas , Kousta Marina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim
The aim of the paper is to enhance understanding of how members of the public make sense of the Covid-19 vaccines and to understand the factors influencing their attitudes towards such artefacts of pandemic governance.

Methods
The paper draws on 23 online in-depth interviews with members of the UK public and builds on relevant literature to examine participants’ perceptions of the benefits and risks of Covid-19 vaccines, the sources that have shaped their attitudes, and the level of trust they have towards the government’s handling of the pandemic through vaccines.

Results
The findings indicate that participants generally felt that the benefits of having the vaccine outweigh the risks and that Covid-19 vaccines are a crucial mechanism for enabling society to return to normal. Vaccine acceptance was, for some, strongly linked to a sense of social responsibility and the duty to protect others. However, some participants expressed concerns with regard to the side-effects of Covid-19 vaccines and their perceived potential impact on fertility and DNA makeup. Participants used various sources of information to learn about Covid-19 vaccines and understand their function, benefits, and risks. The majority of participants criticised the government’s response during the early stages of the pandemic yet felt positive about the vaccine rollout.

Conclusion
Just as with any other vaccination programme, the success of the Covid-19 immunisation campaigns does not only depend on the efficacy of the vaccines themselves or the ability to secure access to them, but also on a myriad of other factors which include public compliance and trust in governments and health authorities. To support an effective immunisation campaign that is capable of bringing the pandemic to an end, governments need to understand public concerns, garner trust, and devise adequate strategies for engaging the public and building more resilient societies.
Insight into incipient reproductive isolation in diverging populations of Brachionus plicatilis rotifer
Authors: Jezkova Ivana , Ortells Raquel , Montero-Pau Javier , Serra Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emergence of reproductive isolation is key in maintaining within- and between-species diversity and one of the initial steps of speciation. In the Iberian Peninsula, the diverging populations of the Brachionus plicatilis rotifer create an ideal system to shed light on the mechanisms that give rise to the emergence of reproductive isolation. Herein, we quantify the degree of behavioural reproductive isolation in two groups of B. plicatilis populations, namely, neighbouring populations diverging by adaptation to the local environment and populations diverging in the absence of gene flow due to geographic distance. We conduct behavioural no-choice assays to test mating reproductive isolation between these populations. The analysis shows signatures of ongoing behavioural reproductive isolation in most of the population crosses, which is more pronounced in populations with a higher level of adaptive divergence, presumably under high migration rates. Overall, this study suggests that local adaptation is associated with mating behaviour resulting in reproductive isolation.
“Stop and just breathe for a minute”: perspectives of children on the Autism Spectrum and their caregivers on a Mindfulness Group
Authors: Hatfield Megan K. , Ashcroft Emma , Maguire Siobhan , Kershaw Lauren , Ciccarelli Marina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChildren on the autism spectrum often experience anxiety. Mindfulness is growing in popularity as a method to support children with anxiety; however, there is limited evidence on mindfulness for children on the autism spectrum. This study investigated the feasibility of a 10-week group-based mindfulness intervention for 14 children on the autism spectrum. A one-group pre-post design determined outcomes of anxiety (caregiver and child report), mindful attention, and wellbeing (child report). Interviews explored children’s and caregivers’ perceptions. There were no significant differences in outcomes post-intervention. Five themes were identified from interviews: (1) Children felt calmer; (2) Parents observed differences in anxiety; (3) Breathing and yoga helped; (4) Parents wanted more; and (5) Challenges and benefits of group intervention.
Components of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Newly-Described Canola Flower Midge, Contarinia brassicola
Authors: Bray Daniel P. , Hall David R. , Harte Steven J. , Farman Dudley I. , Vankosky Meghan A. , Mori Boyd A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The canola flower midge, Contarinia brassicola Sinclair (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a newly-described species that induces galls on canola, Brassica napus Linnaeus and Brassica rapa Linnaeus (Brassicaceae). Identification of the sex pheromone of C. brassicola is essential to developing monitoring tools to elucidate the geographic range and hosts of this new pest, and the extent to which it threatens the $30 billion Canadian canola industry. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize the female-produced sex pheromone of C. brassicola and demonstrate its effectiveness in attracting males to traps in the field. Two peaks were identified through GC-EAG analysis of female-produced volatiles which elicited electrophysiological responses in male antennae. These peaks were initially characterized through GC–MS and synthesis as 2,7-diacetoxynonane (major component) and 2-acetoxynonane (minor component), and the racemic compounds elicited EAG responses in male antennae. All four stereoisomers of 2,7-diacetoxynonane were synthesized and the naturally-produced compound was shown to be primarily the (2R,7S)-isomer by analysis on an enantioselective GC column, with a small amount of (2R,7R)-2,7-diacetoxynonane also present. The configuration of the minor component could not be determined because of the small amount present, but this was assumed to be (2R)-2-acetoxynonane by comparison with the configuration of the other two components. In field trials, none of the four stereoisomers of 2,7-diacetoxynonane, presented individually or as a racemic mixture, was attractive to male C. brassicola. However, dispensers loaded with a 10 µg:1 µg blend of (2R,7S)- and (2R,7R)-2,7-diacetoxynonane caught large numbers of male C. brassicola and significantly more than other blends tested. The addition of 0.5 µg of (2R)-2-acetoxynonane to this blend further increased the number of males caught. In future work, we will seek to identify the optimum trapping protocol for the application of the pheromone in monitoring and surveillance.
Insights on the Quantitative Concurrent Fluorescence-Based Analysis of Anti-COVID-19 Drugs Remdesivir and Favipiravir
Authors: El-Awady Mohamed , Elmansi Heba , Belal Fathalla , Shabana Rasha abo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe hereby introduce a sensitive fast straightforward spectrofluorometric method for the estimation of remdesivir and favipiravir. The two drugs are prescribed in some regimens to treat COVID‐19 pandemic disease, which is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. The method is based on the first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry approach for the measurement of remdesivir and favipiravir. This was accomplished at 251 nm and 335 nm respectively using the first derivative order at delta lambda of 140 nm. A linear response with a correlation coefficient 0.9994 was achieved between the concentration and the derivative amplitudes in the ranges of 20.0–100.0 ng ml−1 and 40.0–100.0 ng ml−1 for remdesivir and favipiravir, respectively. The methods were validated for different parameters as stated by the pharmacopeial rules and were applied successfully for estimation of the studied drugs in their synthetic mixtures and in spiked human plasma samples. No significant difference was observed between the proposed and comparison methods as revealed from the analysis of data.
Evaluating the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services in the Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Jinxi , He Chunyang , Huang Qingxu , Li Jian , Qi Tao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Context
In the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the supply of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) is unique, and the demand for CESs is gradually increasing with rapid urbanization. Evaluating the relationship between the supply and demand for CESs is critical for guiding regional sustainable development. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining empirical data in the high altitude and complex topography of the TP, relevant research is still lacking.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to develop an approach to address the difficulty of obtaining the empirical data on the TP and to evaluate the relationship between the supply and demand for CESs.

Methods
Taking the Qinghaihu–Huangshui basin as an example, we combined the SolVES (Social Values for Ecosystem Services) model and social media big data to evaluate the supply and demand for CESs in the TP.

Results
Our results showed that the combined method can effectively evaluate the supply and demand for CESs in the basin, and can be used for other remote regions. The supply and demand for CESs in the basin exhibited obvious spatial mismatch. Among the two types of mismatch, in the areas of high supply and low demand of CESs, residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) were substantially lower. Being far away from central city was an important reason for the high supply and low demand of CESs.

Conclusions
Establishing and improving the transportation system connecting central cities with other counties is encouraged to utilize the rich cultural and tourism resources of the TP, as well as enhance the SWB and promote regional sustainable development.