bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASPA-ADM: a mission concept for observing thermospheric mass density
Authors: Siemes Christian , Maddox Stephen , Carraz Olivier , Cross Trevor , George Steven , van den IJssel Jose , Kiss-Toth Marton , Pastena Massimiliano , Riou Isabelle , Salter Mike , Sweeney Helen , Trigatzis Mike , Valenzuela Tristan , Visser Pieter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCold Atom technology has undergone rapid development in recent years and has been demonstrated in space in the form of cold atom scientific experiments and technology demonstrators, but has so far not been used as the fundamental sensor technology in a science mission. The European Space Agency therefore funded a 7-month project to define the CASPA-ADM mission concept, which serves to demonstrate cold-atom interferometer (CAI) accelerometer technology in space. To make the mission concept useful beyond the technology demonstration, it aims at providing observations of thermosphere mass density in the altitude region of 300–400 km, which is presently not well covered with observations by other missions. The goal for the accuracy of the thermosphere density observations is 1% of the signal, which will enable the study of gas–surface interactions as well as the observation of atmospheric waves. To reach this accuracy, the CAI accelerometer is complemented with a neutral mass spectrometer, ram wind sensor, and a star sensor. The neutral mass spectrometer data is considered valuable on its own since the last measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature in the targeted altitude range date back to 1980s. A multi-frequency GNSS receiver provides not only precise positions, but also thermosphere density observations with a lower resolution along the orbit, which can be used to validate the CAI accelerometer measurements. In this paper, we provide an overview of the mission concept and its objectives, the orbit selection, and derive first requirements for the scientific payload.
Influences of hydraulic boundary conditions on the deep fluid flow in a 3D regional model (central Upper Rhine Graben)
Authors: Koltzer Nora , Kommana Giulia , Cacace Mauro , Frick Maximilian , Bott Judith , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKnowledge of groundwater flow is of high relevance for groundwater management or the planning of different subsurface utilizations such as deep geothermal facilities. While numerical models can help to understand the hydrodynamics of the targeted reservoir, their predictive capabilities are limited by the assumptions made in their setup. Among others, the choice of appropriate hydraulic boundary conditions, adopted to represent the regional to local flow dynamics in the simulation run, is of crucial importance for the final modelling result. In this work, we systematically address this problematic in the area of the central part of the Upper Rhine Graben. We quantify how and to which degree different upper boundary conditions and vertical cross-boundary fluid movement influence the calculated deep fluid flow conditions in the area under study. Robust results, which are insensitive to the choice of boundary condition, are: (i) a regional groundwater flow component descending from the graben shoulders to rise at its centre and (ii) the presence of heterogeneous hydraulic potentials at the rift shoulders. Contrarily, results affected by the chosen boundary conditions are: (i) calculated flow velocities, (ii) the absolute position of the upflow axis, and (iii) the evolving local flow dynamics. If, in general, the investigated area is part of a supra-regional flow system—like the central Upper Rhine Graben is part of the entire Upper Rhine Graben—the inflow and outflow across vertical model boundaries need to be considered.
MiR-200c-3p inhibits LPS-induced M1 polarization of BV2 cells by targeting RIP2
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Xiaosong , Yang Jiankai , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Xiaomeng , Wu Jianliang , Li Chen , Xu Donggang , Hu Yuhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Microglia are important immune cells, which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into M1 phenotype that express pro-inflammatory cytokines. Some studies have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in microglial activation.

Objective
This study was designed to investigate the role of miR-200c-3p in regulating inflammatory responses of LPS-treated BV2 cells.

Methods
The expression of miR-200c-3p in BV2 cells was detected by real-time PCR. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) was predicted as a target gene of miR-200c-3p. Their relationship was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The function of miR-200c-3p and RIP2 in microglial polarization and NF-κB signaling was further evaluated.

Results
LPS treatment reduced miR-200c-3p expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in BV2 cells. LPS treatment increased the expression of M1 phenotype markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-II, promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and enhanced the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Reversely, miR-200c-3p mimics down-regulated the levels of these inflammatory factors. Furthermore, RIP2 was identified to be a direct target of miR-200c-3p. RIP2 knockdown had a similar effect to miR-200c-3p mimics. Overexpression of RIP2 eliminated the inhibitory effect of miR-200c-3p on LPS-induced M1 polarization and NF-κB activation in BV2 cells.

Conclusions
MiR-200c-3p mimics suppressed LPS-induced microglial M1 polarization and NF-κB activation by targeting RIP2. MiR-200c-3p/RIP2 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
Wahrgenommene Einschränkungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie bei älteren Personen in der Schweiz
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Hassler Benedikt , Pfeuffer Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die aktuelle Coronapandemie wirkt sich unterschiedlich auf das Alltagsleben älterer Menschen aus. Im Rahmen der pandemiebedingten Schutzmaßnahmen wurden insbesondere Personen ab 65 Jahren gebeten, direkte Kontakte und den Aufenthalt im öffentlichen Raum zu meiden.

Ziel
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie sich die Pandemie auf das Gefühl der eingeschränkten täglichen Versorgung, auf die Bewegung im Freien und die sozialen Kontakte bei Personen ab 50 Jahren ausgewirkt hat.

Material und Methode
Zwischen Mai und Juni 2020 wurden 1011 in der Schweiz lebende Personen ab 50 Jahren telefonisch befragt. Das Durchschnittsalter der Befragten liegt bei 65 Jahren, und 53 % der befragten Personen sind Frauen.

Ergebnisse
Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die befragten Personen insgesamt kaum negative Veränderungen in Bezug auf ihre Versorgung mit Dingen des alltäglichen Gebrauchs oder Bewegung im Freien spürten. Jedoch gaben 43 % der Befragten an, während der Pandemie und den damit verbundenen Schutzmaßnahmen häufiger das Gefühl gehabt zu haben, zu wenig Zeit mit Menschen verbringen zu können, die ihnen wichtig sind. Multivariate Auswertungen zeigen, dass bei der Bewertung der drei Alltagsbereiche der Faktor Bildung eine Rolle spielt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Studie zeigt mögliche Alltagseinschränkungen älterer Menschen unter Pandemiebedingungen auf und sollte zur Diskussion anregen, um die subjektiven Wahrnehmungen der älteren Menschen in der praktischen gerontologischen Arbeit besser berücksichtigen zu können.
Qualität als Thema organisationaler Selbstbeschreibungen: Marketing und Verbraucher*innenschutz?
Authors: Klusemann Stefan , Kilinc Marlena , Nittel Dieter 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAls die Qualitätsdiskussion im Erziehungs- und Bildungswesen an Intensität gewann, spielte auch der ursprünglich im Wirtschaftssystem verortete Verbraucher*innenschutz eine Rolle. Wir gehen der Frage nach, in welcher Relation dieses ursprüngliche Motiv und ein damit korrespondierendes Marketing zur Form und zum Inhalt organisationaler Selbstbeschreibungen (OSB) von pädagogischen Organisationen im System des lebenslangen Lernens steht. Auf der Basis einer Dokumentenanalyse von 80 OSB von Einrichtungen in vier Segmenten (Elementarbereich; Sekundarstufe II; Weiterbildung; Sozialarbeit/Sozialpädagogik) zeigen wir, dass der Verbraucher*innenschutz eine zentrale Rolle spielt: das Marketing, in das der Qualitätsbegriff eingebunden ist, wird nicht einseitig durch anpreisende, werbeaffine Sprachmittel dominiert; es übernimmt vielmehr Informationsfunktionen. Zwar erfüllen die Qualitätsmanagementsysteme nicht die ursprünglich erwartete Orientierungsfunktion; das aus der Privatwirtschaft stammende Konzept des Verbraucher*innenschutzes ist bereichsübergreifend jedoch als emphatische Klient*innenorientierung angeeignet worden sowie in Form eines Selbstverständnis der Einrichtungen als lernende Organisationen, einschließlich der Überprüfung und Bewertung der eigenen Arbeit durch die Adressat*innen. Diese bereichsübergreifende Homologie konstituiert eine systemweite Definition guter pädagogischer Praxis, die den Aspekt des Verbraucher*innenschutzes systemimmanent adaptiert hat. Damit verdeutlichen die Daten Systembildungstendenzen hin zu einem gemeinsamen System des lebenslangen Lernens. Von einer bloßen Ökonomisierung des Systems durch die Adaptierung des Qualitätskonzepts kann nicht die Rede sein. Den Befunden kommt in mehreren Punkten Praxisrelevanz zu: Einrichtungen könnten den Aspekt des Verbraucher*innenschutzes expliziter aufgreifen; dieser Aspekt von Ökonomisierung kann mit positivem Selbstverständnis hervorgehoben werden und die Anerkennung des Systems stärken. Zudem sollten Einrichtungen die Textsorte der OSB im Internet in ihrer Bedeutung noch ernster nehmen. Einzelne Einrichtungen sehen darin ein notwendiges Übel; OSB sind jedoch für die Einrichtungen und das System objektiv relevant.
Lower Extremity Artery Disease and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Turowicz Agnieszka , Czapiga Alina , Malinowski Maciej , Dorobisz Tadeusz , Czapla Bartłomiej , Janczak Dariusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment is well known, but the impact of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) on neuropsychological performance is less established.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of LEAD on cognitive impairment.

Materials and Methods
A total of 20 patients with LEAD, classified by Fountain’s stage IIB, qualified for revascularization surgery has been included in this prospective study. Neuropsychological assessments have been done using MoCA and CANTAB test. Fifteen patients qualified for hernia surgery, without peripheral artery disease served as a control group. Linear regression model has been applied to assess the connection between LEAD and cognitive impairment.

Results
Differences between the study groups reach significance in both MoCA and CANTAB test. In MoCA test, patients with LEAD had lower levels of performance in attention (p = 0.0254), visuospatial/executive (p = 0.0343) and delayed recall (p = 0.0032). The mean MoCA score was below 26 points. In CANTAB test, patients with LEAD performed worse in visual memory and learning. After adjusted for common cerebrovascular risk factors, LEAD was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment defined as MoCA score < 26 points.

Conclusions
Lower extremity artery disease is associated with cognitive impairment independently of cerebrovascular risk factors.
Models for Assessing Strategies for Improving Hospital Capacity for Handling Patients during a Pandemic
Authors: Shahverdi Bahar , Miller-Hooks Elise , Tariverdi Mersedeh , Ghayoomi Hadi , Prentiss David , Kirsch Thomas D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of key hospital units associated with emergency care of both routine emergency and pandemic (COVID-19) patients under capacity enhancing strategies.

Methods:
This investigation was conducted using whole-hospital, resource-constrained, patient-based, stochastic, discrete-event, simulation models of a generic 200-bed urban U.S. tertiary hospital serving routine emergency and COVID-19 patients. Systematically designed numerical experiments were conducted to provide generalizable insights into how hospital functionality may be affected by the care of COVID-19 pandemic patients along specially designated care paths, under changing pandemic situations, from getting ready to turning all of its resources to pandemic care.

Results:
Several insights are presented. For example, each day of reduction in average ICU length of stay increases intensive care unit patient throughput by up to 24% for high COVID-19 daily patient arrival levels. The potential of 5 specific interventions and 2 critical shifts in care strategies to significantly increase hospital capacity is also described.

Conclusions:
These estimates enable hospitals to repurpose space, modify operations, implement crisis standards of care, collaborate with other health care facilities, or request external support, thereby increasing the likelihood that arriving patients will find an open staffed bed when 1 is needed.
Factors Preventing Nosocomial Outbreak Following a Single case of COVID-19 Diagnosed During Hospitalization: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Park I-Nae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Our hospital experienced a hospital shutdown and 2 week quarantine after a case of COVID-19 was diagnosed during hospitalization. We analyzed the reopening process following hospital closure and possible factors that prevented hospital spread.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the confirmed patient’s medical records and results of epidemiological survey available from the infection control team of our hospital.

Results:
A total of 117 hospital staff members were tested, 26 of whom were self-isolated. Of the 54 inpatients tested, 28 on the same floor, and 2 close contacts in the endoscopic room were quarantined in a single room. Finally, all quarantined hospital staff, inpatients and outpatients were tested for COVID-19 on the 14th day of close contact. The results were all negative, and the hospital work resumed completely.

Conclusion:
Although closing and isolating the hospital appeared to have played a useful role in preventing the spread of COVID-19 inside the hospital and to the local community, it is still debated whether or not the duration of hospital closure or quarantine was appropriate. The lessons from the 2-week hospital closure suggest that wearing a mask, hand hygiene and the ward environment are important factors in preventing nosocomial outbreaks of COVID-19.
Shared Decision-Making for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Policy Goals, Metrics, and Challenges
Authors: Rao Birju R. , Merchant Faisal M. , Howard David H. , Matlock Daniel , Dickert Neal W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShared decision-making has become a new focus of health policy. Though its core elements are largely agreed upon, there is little consensus regarding which outcomes to prioritize for policy-mandated shared decision-making.
“Damned If You Do, Doomed If You Don’t”: A Socio-Medical Commentary on “Of Athletes, Bodies and Rules: Making Sense of Caster Semenya”
Authors: Holtzman Bryan , Ackerman Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs medical professionals, we outline the science underlying disorders or differences of sexual development (DSD), discuss the nuances of sex and gender and how terminology can differ based on medical vs. non-medical context, briefly review the evidence of the ergogenic effects of hyperandrogenism, and discuss the medical complications with the hormonal contraceptive use currently dictated by World Athletics to allow DSD athletes to compete in the female category.
A Global Pandemic Treaty Must Address Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Wilson Lindsay A. , Van Katwyk Susan Rogers , Weldon Isaac , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the defining global health threats of our time, but no international legal instrument currently offers the framework and mechanisms needed to address it. Fortunately, the actions needed to address AMR have considerable overlap with the actions needed to confront other pandemic threats.
A LAST EASTER SEPULCHRE: THOMAS WEVER AND ST MARY’S CHURCH, TARRANT HINTON, DORSET
Authors: Connor Timothy P 
Published: January 2022

The defaced and probably unfinished Easter sepulchre at St Mary’s Church, Tarrant Hinton, in Dorset is exceptional in its scale and sophisticated renaissance decoration, in comparison to other sixteenth-century structures associated with contemporary Easter liturgy. Previous notice of it has been impeded by failure to assess properly the upper part of the monument, which new photography now renders accessible. This demonstrates a remarkable resemblance between its (defaced) angels and the bronze angels by Benedetto da Rovezzano being prepared at Westminster in the late 1520s for the tomb of Cardinal Wolsey; while the lower part of the structure displays influence from contemporary French decoration.This structure is assessed in the contexts of other monuments of the early sixteenth century intended to support a temporary Easter sepulchre and of what can be reconstructed of the career of the minor but wealthy cleric who was responsible for its erection. Thomas Wever MA (d. 1536) made additions to two of his rectories besides building substantial extensions on the north side of Tarrant Hinton church. It is suggested that both his building there and the Easter sepulchre itself are unfinished and were abandoned at his death as a result of his continued indebtedness. The sepulchre itself suggests a direction that English church decoration never took.
ON STARK’S CLASS NUMBER CONJECTURE AND THE GENERALISED BRAUER–SIEGEL CONJECTURE
Authors: WONG PENG-JIE 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStark conjectured that for any
$h\in \Bbb {N}$
, there are only finitely many CM-fields with class number h. Let
$\mathcal {C}$
be the class of number fields L for which L has an almost normal subfield K such that
$L/K$
has solvable Galois closure. We prove Stark’s conjecture for
$L\in \mathcal {C}$
of degree greater than or equal to 6. Moreover, we show that the generalised Brauer–Siegel conjecture is true for asymptotically good towers of number fields
$L\in \mathcal {C}$
and asymptotically bad families of
$L\in \mathcal {C}$
.
How dangerous can a small fısh be? A greater weever attack
Authors: Delibas V , Ocar G , Ugurlugulbuken G , Guney Z , Alagoz S , Ozdas T , Kuran G 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThraconian fish (weever fish) are poisonous fish found mostly in the eastern Mediterranean region, but also in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and European coastal areas. Greater weever fish belong to the Trachinus draco family; these fish have spines on their dorsal fins and gill covers that secrete a high dose of dracotoxin venom.MethodsThis paper reports a 35-year-old female who presented with widespread body aches, respiratory distress and hoarseness following a greater weever attack. It discusses respiratory distress and other findings that occur after a greater weever attack in rare otolaryngological emergency cases.ConclusionWhile greater weever fish are more likely to attack limbs such as arms and legs, patients stung on the neck who develop respiratory distress are considered an ENT emergency.
Analysis of tinnitus severity and associated risk factors in patients with chronic otitis media: data from the multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study
Authors: Tailor B V , Phillips J S , Nunney I , Yung M W , Doruk C , Kara H , Kong T , Quaranta N , Peñaranda A , Bernardeschi D , Dai C , Kania R , Denoyelle F , Tono T 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubjective tinnitus is a common symptom, and there is often an underlying otological cause. This study investigated the degree of tinnitus-related annoyance in patients with chronic otitis media and analysed whether associations with tinnitus severity exist.MethodThe multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study collected prospective data on 478 adult patients suffering from chronic otitis media across 9 otology referral centres in 8 countries. Based on this dataset, we investigated tinnitus severity using participant responses to item 7 of a native version of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12.ResultsWith respect to tinnitus severity, 23.8 per cent, 17.4 per cent, 15.5 per cent, and 43.4 per cent of participants reported no, minor, moderate, and major inconvenience or greater, respectively. The absence of ear discharge, absence of cholesteatoma, and poorer disease-specific health-related quality-of-life were associated with increased tinnitus severity in patients with chronic otitis media, whereas age, hearing disability and geographical region showed no association.ConclusionThis analysis provided novel insight into potential risk factors for tinnitus in patients with chronic otitis media.
A systematic review: impact of in-office biopsy on safety and waiting times in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lim A E , Rogers A D G , Owusu-Ayim M , Ranjan S , Manickavasagam J , Montgomery J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the current literature on the safety and impact of in-office biopsy on cancer waiting times as well as review evidence regarding cost-efficacy and patient satisfaction.MethodA search of Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Prospero, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted for papers relevant to this study. Included articles were quality assessed and critically appraised.ResultsOf 19 741 identified studies, 22 articles were included. Lower costs were consistently reported for in-office biopsy compared with operating room biopsy. Four complications requiring intervention were documented. In-office biopsy is highly tolerated, with a procedure abandonment rate of less than 1 per cent. When compared with operating room biopsy, it is associated with significantly reduced time-to-diagnosis and time-to-treatment initiation. It is linked to improved overall three-year survival.ConclusionIn-office biopsy is a safe procedure that may help certain patients avoid general anaesthetic. It was shown to significantly reduce time-to-diagnosis and time-to-treatment initiation when compared with operating room biopsy. This may have important implications for oncological outcomes. In-office biopsy requires fewer resources and is likely to be cost-saving five-years following introduction. With high rates of sensitivity and specificity, in-office biopsy should be considered as the first-line procedure to achieve tissue diagnosis.
Effect of wearing an N95 respirator on the internal nasal valve and the association with external nasal anatomy – a cohort study
Authors: Leung I O S , Lui K C M , Chau S K Y , Abdullah V J , Hui T S C , Ku P K M , van Hasselt A , Tong M C F 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether: the N95 respirator affects nasal valve patency; placement on the bony vault improves patency; and external nasal anatomy affects the outcome.MethodsA prospective study with 50 participants was conducted. Nasal patency was measured by the minimal cross-sectional area via acoustic rhinometry, and using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation survey, before and after wearing the N95 respirator and after adjustment.ResultsThe minimal cross-sectional area was narrowed by 27 per cent when wearing the N95 respirator (p < 0.001), and improved by 9.2 per cent after adjustment (p = 0.003). The total Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score increased from 10.2 to 25.4 after donning the N95 respirator (p < 0.001), and decreased from 25.4 to 15.6 after adjustment (p < 0.001). There was no correlation with external nasal anatomy parameters.ConclusionWearing the N95 respirator causes narrowing of the nasal valve, and adjustment onto the bony vault improves symptoms. The findings were not affected by external nasal anatomy.