bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded square footing over geogrid-reinforced cohesive soil
Authors: Hassan Hussam Aldeen J. , Shakir Ressol R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConstruction of shallow foundations on weak cohesive soils have limited load-bearing capacity and excessive vertical displacement. This may cause structural damage and reduce the structure’s durability. Traditionally, weak cohesive soils are excavated and replaced with another stronger material layer, or the foundation is enlarged. These procedures are costly and time-consuming. However, these soils are also difficult to stabilize due to their low permeability and slow consolidation. Therefore, it has become necessary to use geosynthetic material. In this study, a square footing model with an eccentric load was tested in geogrid-reinforced clay. The adopted load eccentricity ratios were 0.05 to 0.1, 0.16, and 0.25. Twenty-one tests were executed to estimate the reinforcement influence and eccentricity on the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC). The geogrid improved the BC by 2.27 and 2.12 times compared to unreinforced soil for centrical and eccentrical loads, respectively. The best first layer ratio and the best number of reinforcements were found to be 0.35 and 4. A new equation for BCR with knowing the number of reinforcing layers was proposed and compared with other studies’ outcomes. It was concluded that the foundation tilts in a linear relationship with eccentricity, with a smaller rate inside the core than outside.
Crystal structure of (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-((1-acetyl-5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate hemihydrate C24H25BrClNO11
Authors: Liu Yucong , Wang Pingqiao , Ding Haixin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C24H25BrClNO11, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 28.914(5) Å, b = 7.9349(14) Å, c = 13.062(2) Å, β = 114.867(3)°, V = 2718.9(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0352, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0888, T = 296.15 K.
Two-point nonlocal nonlinear fractional boundary value problem with Caputo derivative: Analysis and numerical solution
Authors: AhmadSoltani Leyla 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work presents the existential and unique results for the solution to a kind of high-order fractional nonlinear differential equations involving Caputo fractional derivative. The boundary condition is of the integral type, which entangles both starting and ending points of the domain. First, the unique exact solution is extracted in terms of Green’s function for the linear fractional differential equation, and then Banach contraction mapping theorem is applied to prove the main result in the case of the general nonlinear source term. Then, our main result is demonstrated by an illustrative example, which shows its legitimacy and applicability. Furthermore, numerical-based semi-analytical technique has been presented to approximate the unique solution to the desired order of precision.
Using Krasnoselskii's theorem to investigate the Cauchy and neutral fractionalq-integro-differential equationvianumerical technique
Authors: Yue Xiao-Guang , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Fathipour Azam , Kaabar Mohammed K. A. , Kashuri Artion 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the stability results for solution of a fractionalq-integro-differential problemviaintegral conditions. Utilizing the Krasnoselskii’s, Banach fixed point theorems, we demonstrate existence and uniqueness results. Based on the results obtained, conditions are provided to ensure the generalized Ulam and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stabilities of the original system. The results are illustrated by two examples.
14th Five-Year Plan for Social Organization Development: China’s Nonprofit Sector in Transition
Authors: Wang Qun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the recent 14th Five-Year Plan for Social Organization Development, which signifies the Chinese party-state’s comprehensive planning for NGOs in the years 2021–2025. By clarifying the guiding ideology, basic principles, goals, targets, and tasks, the Plan stresses a dual political–regulatory mechanism that drives China’s nonprofit sector further in transitioning from an emerging organizational field to a manufactured civil society and shifts nonprofit policy fragmentation toward institutionalization. The Plan manifests centralized means to corral NGOs into a disciplined and capable nonprofit sector that subordinates itself to and enhances the authoritarian regime. Implications drawn from this article update policy analysts on state-NGO relations and the trajectory of the nonprofit sector in China.
Post-focus compression in Brahvi and Balochi
Authors: Syed Nasir Abbas , Shah Abdul Waheed , Xu Anqi , Xu Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that post-focus compression (PFC) — the reduction of pitch range and intensity after a focused word in an utterance, is a robust means of marking focus, but it is present only in some languages. The presence of PFC appears to follow language family lines. The present study is a further exploration of the distribution of PFC by investigating Brahvi, a Dravidian language, and Balochi, an Indo-Iranian language. Balochi is predicted to show PFC given its presence in other Iranian languages. Dravidian languages have not been studied for prosodic focus before and they are not related to any languages with PFC. We recorded twenty native speakers from each language producing declarative sentences in different focus conditions. Acoustic analyses showed that, in both languages, post-focusf0and other correlates were significantly reduced relative to baseline neutral-focus sentences, but post-focus lowering off0, and intensity was greater in magnitude in Balochi than in Brahvi. The Balochi results confirm our prediction, while the Brahvi results offer the first evidence of PFC in a Dravidian language. The finding of PFC in a Dravidian language is relevant to a postulated origin of PFC, which is related to the controversial Nostratic Macrofamily hypothesis.
Natural rubber reinforced with super-hydrophobic multiwalled carbon nanotubes: obvious improved abrasive resistance and enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Li Minghua , Jiang Jiajia , Lu Xiaoyu , Gao Jie , Jiang Dongming , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polyurethane chain was successfully grafted onto carbon nanotubes, affording polyurethane-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P-MWCNTs) with super-hydrophobic property, which shows improved abrasive resistance obviously and enhanced thermal conductivity for natural rubber (NR) vulcanizate. Under the optimized conditions, the akron abrasion loss of NR vulcanizate combined with 5 parts per hundred rubber (5 phr) P-MWCNTs is 0.9 cm3/1.61 km compared to 2.96 cm3/1.61 km of pristine NR vulcanizate. The thermal conductivity of NR vulcanizate combined with 5 phr P-MWCNTs has been improved by 40.3% compared to that of pristine NR vulcanizate. The decreased height of the maximum tan δ peak shows that P-MWCNTs can reduce the heat buildup and damping capability of NR/P-MWCNTs composites. The good dispersion of P-MWCNTs with a continuous network, particularly at high loading (5 phr) in the NR composites, was evidenced from transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Study of Old Plant Analysis on the Completion of ‘Pagang Gadai’ (Pawn) Agreement in Minangkabau Society
Authors: Arianti Farida , Hasan Asyari 
Published: June 2022

There had been a debt guarantee settlement completed in the Minangkabau community. The purpose of this study was to uncover how to understand about the utilization of debt guarantees in ‘Pagang Gadai’ (pawns), as well as the position of plant ownership on land repaid in pawn transactions. The method used was qualitative with a phenomenology approach. The data source of this research was people or communities (including indigenous figures) of Minangkabau customs who were involved in pawns transactions, especially in Nagari Tabek of Pariangan district. The data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews of five research informants based on interview guidance using snowball sampling technique. The results showed that the use of pawns can be done with several conditions: 1) obtaining permission from the owner where there is no element of exploitation and managed by pawns, and 2) mastery of old plants can be done by the recipient of the pawn after redemption is classified to the exploitation that leads to take the property of others unjustly and blatantly (‘Ghasab’ behaviors).
The concept of “ambulatory” and “non-ambulatory” in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: definitions and criteria
Authors: Gremyakova T. A. , Artemyeva S. V. , Vashakmadze N. D. , Vitkovskaya I. P. , Guzeva V. I. , Guzeva O. V. , Kuzenkova L. M. , Mikhailova S. V. , Nazarenko L. P. , Pervunina T. M. , Pechatnikova N. L. , Podkletnova T. V. , Sakbaeva G. E. , Stepanov A. A. , Suslov V. M. , Gremyakova O. I. , Shakhovskaya N. I. , Nikitin S. S. 
Published: June 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease due to a mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin synthesis. In patients, muscle damage and atrophy progresses, the ability to move independently decreases as well as respiratory and cardiac functions. At various stages of the disease, different methods of care and treatment of patients with DMD are used. The clinical effect of new methods of DMD target therapy may depend on the stage of development of the disease (ambulatory or non‑ambulatory). To date, there are no unified criteria for assessing the status of a patient in terms ambulatory. In clinical trials and real clinical practice, different approaches are used to assess the patient’s status. However, the conclusion about the functional capabilities is critical for patients with DMD as approaches in management of patients in ambulatory and non‑ambulatory stages differ significantly. This necessitates expert consensus to achieve consistency and avoid any of discrepancies on that issue.The paper reviews the available published data on the concepts of “ambulatory” and “non‑ambulatory” used in clinical trials, real clinical practice, international standards and recommendations. As a conclusion of this analysis, it is proposed in real clinical practice to interpret “ambulation” in DMD patients as ability to walk without the use of assistive devices and without specifying the distance and time, and “non‑ambulation” as condition in which the patient is forced to constantly use a wheelchair both indoors and outdoors.
Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary resistin and chemerin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Tuli Amrinder Singh , Chowdhry Rebecca , Mirza Anissa Atif , Kumar Raman , Aulakh Basant Kaur 
Published: June 2022

A bidirectional relationship is seen between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Adipokines like resistin and chemerin act as a proinflammatory molecule. Their action is mediated by the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the stimulation of inflammatory cell chemotaxis to the site of inflammation. This study aimed to compare the levels of resistin and chemerin in saliva in diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Forty-five subjects were recruited and divided into three groups – healthy controls (Group A), chronic periodontitis (Group B) and diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontitis (Group C). Group B and C received NSPT. The parameters included were gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth which were evaluated at baseline and end of three months. Levels of resistin and chemerin in saliva were evaluated using resistin and chemerin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.At 3 months, PI, GI, PPD and CAL was reduced statistically significant in B and C groups as compared PI and GI of group A. Salivary resistin and chemerin levels were also reduced significantly in all three groups except chemerin in group A. Mean salivary resistin and chemerin levels at baseline were highest in group C followed by group B and least in group A.Non-surgical periodontal therapy reduces all clinical variables, resistin and chemerin levels. Salivary resistin and chemerin levels can be used as a likely biomarker to assess the outcome following NSPT.
Comparative and qualitative analysis of various decalcifying agents and their affect on staining and texture of the permanent extracted human teeth
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Bhagwat Swaroop , Sinha Neel Ratan 
Published: June 2022

Teeth are among the hardest human tissues, because they are composed of large amounts of inorganic compounds. Teeth are very difficult to prepare for microscopic examination. Chemical Acids and chelating agents traditionally have been used to remove inorganic contents. We compared various decalcifying agents including strong acids, weak acids, chelating agents. Freshly extracted teeth were fixed and decalcified using formic nitric acid, formic acid, nitric acid, EDTA, trichloracetic acid and Perenyi’s fluid. Decalcified teeth were evaluated histologically for tissue preservation and staining characteristics. The study aimed at analyzing the rapidity and affects the tissue integrity and staining properties of decalcification of tooth with various decalcifying agents. 60 freshly extracted human teeth were divided into 6 different groups and each was treated with varying concentrations of decalcification solution until they were completely decalcified. Teeth decalcified with nitric acid solution resulted in rapid decalcification compared to other acids. Teeth treated with EDTA showed very minimal removal of inorganic content over a very long period of time. In routine practice 5% nitric acid can be effectively used for rapid decalcification of teeth in the histopathology laboratory however best staining qualities were noted among the teeth decalcified with formic acid and EDTA.
Evaluation of bond strength of posterior restorative material with tooth treated with silverdiamine fluoride – Invitro study
Authors: Shetty Bhavya , Shetty Shreema , Narayan Nivek 
Published: June 2022

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution is being used in arresting dental caries in countries throughout the world since the 1970s. The mechanism of action is that silver-salts promote dentin sclerosis/calcification, silver nitrate has anti-microbial effects, and fluoride helps in the process of remineralization and prevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of posterior restorative material with tooth treated with silver diamine fluoride using universal testing machine60 premolar tooth were sectioned transversally and each root was embedded in cold-cure epoxy resin. The labial tooth surface was wet ground using silicon carbide discs to prepare a flat superficial dentin. The tooth were conditioned using 10% polyacrylic acid, and divided accordingly. Two increments of resin composite were placed into the plastic tubes of size 5mm X 3mm and each increments were light polymerized for 40 seconds. The same procedure was followed for glass ionomer cement. All specimens were stored at 37 in water for 24hrs before testing. The push out bond strength analysis was tested using the universal testing machine.The maximum push out bond strength is seen in GIC in dentin-21.85 N/mm, followed by the group with composite-19.27 N/mm and with the lowest value in the group containing SDF+KI+GIC-3.601 N/mm.Addition of Potassium iodide used to reduce the staining of the SDF does affect the bond strength of the restoration to dentin. GIC has the best bond strength with tooth, followed by composite among the groups.
Knowledge and apprehension score correlation among healthcare workers in COVID-19 block of tertiary care hospital
Authors: Agarwal Anubha , Bhadoria Pooja , Bhati Radhika , Beniwal Sonia , Mishra U B 
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan (China), in December 2019. Mode of transmission was by respiratory droplets)or by surface transmission. Changing symptoms, treatment guidelines, and increased transmissibility of the virus were a concern among the healthcare workers. During the pandemic, the anxiety and stress levels were high among HCWs as they were disturbed by the increased caseload with colleagues testing positive. The present study aimed to find a correlation between knowledge and fear among health care workers working in COVID-19 areas of a tertiary care government hospital. This was a hospital-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in OPD and IPD of COVID-19 for a period of three months. Study participants were consultants, residents, nurses, hospital attendants, and paramedical staff. Pre-structured questionnaires for knowledgeand fear assessment were utilized. A total of 358 study participants were enrolled. The mean age of study participants was 29± 6.17. The mean knowledge and fear score of all study participants was 9.85 ± 1 and 19.86 ± 5.2 respectively. A negative correlation (r= - 0.04) was found between the knowledge and fear scores. There was a significant difference in knowledge among different groups of HCWs, but the level of fear was not significantly different It was established that the negative correlation between the knowledge and fear score among health care workers working in COVID-19 situation in tertiary health care hospitalRegular training and dissemination of the new updates regarding the pandemic can help in allaying the fear. Making appropriate personal protective equipment available at the healthcare center will boost the confidence of the health workers.
Evaluation of the efficacy of sodium fluoride varnish, dentine bonding agent and diode laser in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity: A clinical and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Tuli Amrinder Singh , Paul Supriya Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

One of the most commonly faced clinical problems is dentinal hypersensitivity (DH).It's a "enigma" that's "often met yet seldom comprehended." It is defined as a sensation of discomfort caused by exposed dentine in response to heat, chemical, tactile, or osmotic stimulation. It appears to be a common ailment, with estimates ranging from 4% to 74 percent of the population.The study aimed in evaluating the efficacy of sodium fluoride varnish, dentine bonding agent and diode laser in treating dentine hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo.The research was split into two parts: in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, 40 anterior teeth were extracted and separated into four groups: control, group A (fluoride varnish), group B (dentine bonding agent), and group C (laser), all of which were studied under a scanning electron microscope. For the in vivo part 30 patients aged 20-50 years with the chief complaint of sensitivity to hot and cold were selected from the outpatient department (OPD) of Seema Dental college and Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups, group A(fluoride varnish), group B (dentine bonding agent) group C (laser).At the end of 3 months, there was a statistically significant difference seen in mean VAS and VRS scores between Group A, Group B, and Group C; additionally, the mean of dentinal tubules in the SEM study (In vitro) was seen to be significantly higher in the Control group compared to Group A and Group B, and significantly higher than Group C.According to the findings of this study, all three treatment methods, sodium fluoride varnish, dentine bonding agent and laser are efficient in reducing dentine hypersensitivity in both in vivo and vitro studies, with laser showing better outcomes.
Intravenous Caffeine Infusion Accelerates Emergence from Total Intravenous Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Abbasivash Rahman , Aghdashi Mir Mousa , Mahoori Alireza , Hassani Ebrahim , Eghtesaddoust Parisa , Shokohi Shahram 
Published: June 2022

Background: Emerging from general anesthesia remains a passive process. Recent studies show the importance of dopaminergic pathways in sleep–wake cycles. The effect of caffeine in increasing the level of consciousness and cognitive function has been well documented. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous caffeine, a dopamine receptor stimulant, on accelerating recovery from Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol.
Methods: Fifty patients, aged between 20 to 50 years old scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were enrolled in this double-blind clinical trial, and forty-eight were analyzed. The study group, consisting of 24 patients, received 500 mg IV caffeine infusion 15 minutes before the end of the surgery. The control group, comprising 24 patients, received an equal volume of saline infusion. Emergence profile was evaluated and compared in two groups. The depth of anesthesia was determined by Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring.
Results: Our research demonstrated that in the study group, the time intervals for increasing BIS values from 60 to 80, endotracheal extubation, eye-opening on verbal command, and achieving an Aldrete’s discharge score ≥ 8 were significantly less than the control group. Short Orientation Memory Concentration Score (SOMCT) was lower in the control group as well. Incidence of nausea, vomiting and, shivering had no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: Since emergence from general anesthesia is a passive process, caffeine may be used as a measure for active reverse of general anesthesia at clinical practice.
Using the service quality instrument to assess the quality of the professional certification programme
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Saptono Bambang , Tafakur Tafakur 
Published: June 2022

The professional teacher certification programme is a programme that has been implemented online for both in-service teachers and pre-service teachers since 2019. The change in the pattern of implementing the professional teacher programme from offline to online will provide a different programme experience for teachers, participants and tutors. The aim of this research is to measure the quality of service provided to the professional teacher certification programme participants using the SERVQUAL instrument. The instrument used was developed and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Subjects involved were 354 teacher respondents. Data analysis was carried out by SmartPLS version 3. The CFA results show that the model has met the fit index. Convergent and discriminant validity meet the criteria. The CR ranges between 0.948 and 0.989 and CA ranges between 0.917 and 0.985. Finally, the level of service quality provided to the professional teacher certification programme participants at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta is in the very high level category.
Keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis, service quality, professional teacher certification programme.