bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Ojukwu Emmanuela , Chan Chrystal , Ibitoye Bukola Mary , Tawfik Abdulaziz , Nguyen Yvonne , Omobhude Favour , Oveisi Sourena 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum for persons living with or at risk of living with HIV.

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV. Self-regulation to acquire recurring treatment for HIV is essential for managing symptoms as well as viral suppression. Therefore, this review will systematically appraise and synthesize primary literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all phases of the HCC for people living with, or at risk of acquiring, HIV.

Inclusion criteria:
This systematic review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies. The search will be limited to studies reporting findings from March 2020. Selected studies must focus on one or more steps of the HIV care continuum, which are diagnosis of HIV infection, linkage to care, retention in care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and viral suppression. There are no age, gender, or geographic location restrictions for this review. Studies that examined the impact on other diseases as well as HIV will be included only if the data for HIV can be extracted separately.

Methods:
The JBI methodology for convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews will guide this review. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), CAB Direct, and Embase. Articles will be screened by 2 independent reviewers. In the case of a disagreement between reviewers, a third independent reviewer will resolve the conflict. Articles will be appraised for methodological quality and their data extracted using an original extraction tool created for the study's purpose.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021285677
Experimental Investigation of Boiling Heat Transfer in a Liquid Chamber With Partially Soluble Nanofluids
Authors: Unno Noriyuki , Yuki Kazuhisa , Kibushi Risako , Mitani Atsuyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Boiling heat transfer (BHT) is a promising technique for cooling the high heat flux emitted from next-generation electronic devices. However, critical heat flux (CHF) is a significant problem in BHT because it restricts the maximum performance of cooling devices using BHT. Nanofluid has been widely used to increase the CHF. In this study, the authors investigated the BHT of a compact cooling device at low pressure using a calcium carbonate nanofluid composed of partially soluble particles in water. The experimental result found that the CHF with the calcium carbonate nanofluid is 170 W/cm2 and does not deteriorate compared with nanofluid composed of insoluble nanoparticles. Furthermore, the total thermal resistance in the compact cooling device did not increase with the calcium carbonate nanofluid until 3000 min, while CHF was observed with the insoluble nanofluid at 1200 min.
Impact of Blood Rheology on Transition to Turbulence and Wall Vibration Downstream of a Stenosis
Authors: Pinto Costa Rayanne , Nwotchouang Blaise Simplice Talla , Yao Junyao , Biswas Dipankar , Casey David , McKenzie Ruel , Sebastian Frederick , Amini Rouzbeh , Steinman David A. , Loth Francis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Previous experimental flow studies have demonstrated a delay (∼20%) in transition to turbulence for whole blood compared to a Newtonian analog fluid in both a straight pipe and eccentric stenosis model with ridged walls. The impact of wall compliance on the transition to turbulence of blood compared to Newtonian analog and on wall vibration is unknown. The present study employed flexible walls downstream of an eccentric stenosis model and examined the wall vibration during the transition to turbulence with whole blood and a Newtonian analog. Measurements of tube wall vibration velocity (WVV) were used as an indicator of the turbulence level within the flexible tube. WVV was measured at 5, 10, and 15 diameters downstream of the stenosis using a laser Doppler vibrometer at Reynolds numbers 0, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, and 750. The root mean squares (RMS) of the measured WVV were utilized as an indirect measure of fluid velocity fluctuations present at that location, and hence, an indicator of transition to turbulence. WVV RMS was near-constant until approximately Reynolds number 400. It increased monotonically with Reynolds number for both whole blood and the Newtonian fluid. No differences in the transition to turbulence were observed between whole blood and the Newtonian fluid, as the WVV RMS curves were remarkably similar in shape. This result suggests that rheology had minimal impact on the WVV downstream of a stenosis for transition to turbulence since the fluids had a similar level of vibration.
Allele Diversity of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in Urban and Rural Populations
Authors: Feoktistova N. Y. , Meschersky I. G. , Karmanova T. N. , Gureeva A. V. , Surov A. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on the results of targeted sequencing on the Illumina platform we compared the allelic diversity of exon 2 of the DRB gene in urban (city of Simferopol) and rural populations of the common hamster. The urban population significantly differs from the rural one in terms of the composition and diversity of gene alleles. For individuals living in the city, a larger number of alleles, higher values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices, and a smaller proportion of individuals with a homozygous genotype were noted. Both populations are characterized by a significant excess of non-synonymous substitutions over synonymous ones and almost every allele of a gene corresponds to a different amino acid sequence. However, the influence of positive selection on the diversity of variants of antigen-binding sites in the alleles of the DRB gene in urban conditions is much more pronounced. The data suggest that resistance of common hamsters living in specific and varied conditions of the urban environment to various kinds of pathogenic load is higher than in rural populations.
FLAG Review 2021
Authors: Aoki Y. , Blum T. , Colangelo G. , Collins S. , Morte M. Della , Dimopoulos P. , Dürr S. , Feng X. , Fukaya H. , Golterman M. , Gottlieb Steven , Gupta R. , Hashimoto S. , Heller U. M. , Herdoiza G. , Hernandez P. , Horsley R. , Jüttner A. , Kaneko T. , Lunghi E. , Meinel S. , Monahan C. , Nicholson A. , Onogi T. , Pena C. , Petreczky P. , Portelli A. , Ramos A. , Sharpe S. R. , Simone J. N. , Simula S. , Sint S. , Sommer R. , Tantalo N. , Van de Water R. , Wenger U. , Wittig H. ,   Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $$f_+(0)$$

f
+

(
0
)

arising in the semileptonic $$K \rightarrow \pi $$

K
→
π

transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $$f_K/f_\pi $$

f
K

/

f
π

and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $$V_{us}$$

V

us

and $$V_{ud}$$

V

ud

. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $$SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

×
S
U

(
2
)

R

and $$SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$$

S
U

(
3
)

L

×
S
U

(
3
)

R

Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $$B_K$$

B
K

parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $$m_c$$

m
c

and $$m_b$$

m
b

as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

. We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.
Complete Coulomb correction to the Molière screening angle
Authors: Bondarenco M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonperturbative (Coulomb) correction to the Molière screening angle in the multiple Coulomb scattering theory is evaluated taking into account the inelastic contribution. Treating the atom as an assembly of pointlike electrons and the nucleus, and summing the scattering probability over all the final states of the atom, it is shown that besides the Coulomb correction due to close encounters of the incident charged particle with atomic nuclei, there are similar corrections due to close encounters with atomic electrons, being the counterpart of Bloch correction in ionization energy loss. For low $$Z\ne 1$$

Z
≠
1

the latter contribution can reach $$\sim 25\%$$

∼
25
%

.
Collisional Penrose process of braneworld black hole with spinning particles
Authors: Du Yongbin , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Penrose process of an extremal braneworld black hole is studied. We analyze the Penrose process by two massive spinning particles colliding near the horizon. By calculating the maximum energy extraction efficiency of this process, it turns out that the maximal efficiency increases as the tidal charge parameter d of the braneworld blackhole decreases. Interestingly, for the negative value of d, the efficiency can be even larger than the Kerr case.
NXPH4 Used as a New Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Marker for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gui Zhiming , Ying Xiaoling , Liu Chunxiao 
Published: October 2022

Background. One of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system is muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). With the increased use of immunotherapy, its importance in the field of cancer is becoming abundantly evident. This study classifies MIBC according to GSVA score from the perspective of the GSEA immune gene set. Methods. This study integrated the sequencing and clinical data of MIBC patients in TCGA and GEO databases, then scored the data using the GSVA algorithm, the CNMF algorithm was implemented to divide the subtypes of GEO and TCGA datasets, respectively, and finally screened and determined the key pathways in combination with clinical data. Simultaneously, LASSO Cox regression model was constructed based on key pathway genes to assess the model’s predictive ability (ROC) and describe the immune landscape differences between high- and low-risk groups; key genes were further analyzed and verified in patient tissues. Results. 404 TCGA and 297 GEO datasets were divided into C1-3 groups (TCGA-C1:120/C2:152/C3:132; GEO- C1:112/C2:101/C3:84), of which TCGA-C2 (

n
=
152

) subtype and GEO-C1 (

n
=
112

) subtype had the worst prognosis. LASSO Cox regression model with ROC (

train

set
=
0.718

,

test

set
=
0.667

) could be constructed. When combined with the Cancer Immunome Atlas database, it was found that patients with high-risk scores were more sensitive to PD-1 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor combined with CTLA-4. NXPH4, as a key gene, plays a role in MIBC with tissue validation results show that nxph4 is highly expressed in tumor. Conclusion. The immune gene score of MIBC data in TCGA and GEO databases was successfully evaluated using GSVA in this research. The lasso Cox expression model was successfully constructed by screening immune genes, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis and higher sensitivity to immunotherapy, PD-1 inhibitors or PD-1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors can be preferentially used in high-risk patients who are sensitive to immunotherapy, and NXPH4 may be a molecular target to adjust the effect of immunotherapy.
Lifestyle Improvements and Vitamin D Supplementation Play an Important Role in the Prevention of Childhood Diabetes
Authors: Xu Erdi , Yin Chunyan , Yi Xiaoqing , Liu Yuesheng 
Published: October 2022

Objective. This study was to investigate the characteristics of insulin secretion and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in children with obesity. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted among children who underwent health checkups in the pediatric healthcare department of our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021, and they were divided into a normal group and an obese group according to their BMI. The insulin secretion and the 25(OH)D3 levels of the two groups of children were compared. A total of 721 children were included in the study, including 591 in the normal group and 130 in the obese group, with an obesity rate of 18.03%. Results. The blood glucose of the normal group was

4.55
±
1.75

mmol/L, and the 2 h PG was

7.51
±
2.11

mmol/L; in the obesity group, they were

6.03
±
2.16

mmol/L and

8.92
±
3.24

mmol/L, respectively. The FPG and 2 h PG in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of IFG/IGT in the normal group was 5.24% (31/591), and the incidence of DM was 3.71% (22/591); the incidence of IFG/IGT in the obese group was 14.62% (19/130), and the incidence of DM was 13.08% (17/130). The incidences of IFG/IGT and DM in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (

P
<
0.05

). The FINS of the children in the normal group was

18.46
±
3.15

μU/mL, and the HOMA-IR was

2.64
±
0.62

; the above indicators in the obese group were

19.11
±
4.72

μU/mL and

3.01
±
0.83

, respectively. The FINS and HOMA-IR in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (

P
<
0.05

). The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the normal group was

28.15
±
5.27

ng/mL, of which 556 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 35 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the obese group was

24.35
±
4.51

ng/mL, of which 112 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 18 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The level of serum 25(OH)D3 in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, and the ratio of 25(OH)D3 deficiency was significantly lower than that in the normal group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. The blood glucose level of childhood obesity was significantly increased, the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism and diabetes was significantly increased, and the level of 25(OH) vitamin D3 was significantly decreased. Lifestyle improvements and vitamin D supplementation play an important role in the prevention of childhood diabetes. Because the major causes of childhood obesity are excessive caloric intake and lack of exercise, the most effective and direct measures to prevent obesity are a reasonable lifestyle, reasonable eating habits, and moderate exercise. Although genetics are critical, there is no reliable way to eliminate obesity genes in the human body. Therefore, the role of obesity genes is required to be ultimately eliminated by reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity.
Mitotic Checkpoint Imbalances in Familial Cancer
Authors: Villarroya-Beltri Carolina , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Numerical chromosomal aberrations are highly frequent in cancer cells. However, tumor-associated mutations in regulators of the mitotic machinery that controls chromosome segregation are rather rare. By sequencing families with hereditary cancer, Chen and colleagues report two novel heterozygous mutations in CDC20, a coactivator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) and a target of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that prevents chromosome missegregation during mitosis. CDC20 mutations result in partial SAC functionality and segregate with tumor susceptibility in families with aneuploid ovarian cancers and other malignancies. The expression of these mutations in a knock-in mouse model accelerates the development of Myc-induced lymphomas and mortality, strongly supporting the notion that partial dysfunction of mitotic regulators may have profound implications in spontaneous and hereditary cancer.
See related article by Chen et al., p. 3499
Long-Term Outcomes for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Elderly Patients: An Analysis of Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Data Linked to Medicare Files
Authors: Chan Paul S. , McNally Bryan , Chang Anping , Girotra Saket , Al-Araji Rabab , Mawani Minaz , Ahn Ki Ok , Merritt Robert 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Most studies on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have primarily focused on in-hospital or short-term survival. Little is known about long-term outcomes and resource use among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:
In this observationsl study, we describe overall long-term outcomes for patients from the national Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival linked to Medicare files to create the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival: Mortality, Events, and Costs for Cardiac Arrest survivors dataset. Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival data between 2013 and 2019 were linked to Medicare data using probabilistic matching algorithms. Overall long-term mortality, readmissions, and index hospitalization costs are reported for the overall cohort.

Results:

Among 56 425 patients who were 65 years of age or older in Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival who survived to hospital admission, 26 875 (47.6%) were successfully linked to Medicare files. Mean (
+
SD) cost of the index hospitalization was $23 262
+
$24 199 and the median cost was $14 636 (interquartile range, $9930–$30 033). Overall, 8676 (32.3%) survived to hospital discharge with 38.0% discharged home, 11.8% to hospice care, and the remaining 50.2% to other inpatient, skilled nursing care, or rehabilitation facilities. Mortality after discharge was initially high (27.0% at 3 months) and then increased gradually, with 1- and 3-year mortality of 37.1% and 50.1%, respectively. During the first year, 40.1% were readmitted at least once, with 19.7% readmitted on > 1 occasion.

Conclusions:
The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival: Mortality, Events, and Costs for Cardiac Arrest survivors registry includes rich data on postdischarge outcomes and resource utilization. Use of this dataset will enable future investigations on the long-term effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of various interventions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in elderly patients.
Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy and Childhood Brain Structure
Authors: Silva Carolina C. V. , Santos Susana , Muetzel Ryan L. , Vernooij Meike W. , van Rijn Bas B. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , El Marroun Hanan 
Published: October 2022

Background
Poor cardiovascular health during pregnancy has been associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes in the offspring. We examined the associations of maternal cardiovascular health factors with brain structure in 10‐year‐old children.

Methods and Results

We included 2797 mother–offspring pairs from the Generation R Study. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, blood pressure, insulin, glucose, and lipid blood concentrations were obtained in early pregnancy. Childhood structural brain measures, including global metrics of brain tissue volumes and white matter microstructure, were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging at 10 years. As compared with offspring of mothers with normal weight, those of mothers with underweight had smaller total brain volume (difference, −28.99 [95% CI −56.55 to −1.45] cm
3
). Similarly, as compared with offspring of mothers with gestational weight gain between the 25th and 75th percentile, those of mothers with gestational weight loss or no gestational weight gain (<25th percentile), had smaller total brain volume (difference, −13.07 [95% CI, −23.82 to −2.32] cm
3
). Also, higher maternal diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy was associated with lower offspring white matter mean diffusivity (difference, −0.07 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.02] SD score). After multiple testing correction, only the association of maternal diastolic blood pressure with lower offspring white matter mean diffusivity remained statistically significant. No associations were observed of maternal insulin, glucose, and lipid concentrations with childhood brain outcomes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy might be related to offspring brain development in the long term. Future studies are needed to replicate our findings and to explore the causal nature of the associations.
Comparison of Pharmacy Refill Data With Chemical Adherence Testing in Assessing Medication Nonadherence in a Safety Net Hospital Setting
Authors: Osula David , Wu Bryan , Schesing Kevin , Das Sandeep R. , Moss Elizabeth , Alvarez Kristin , Clark Christopher , Halm Ethan A. , Brown Nancy J , Vongpatanasin Wanpen 
Published: October 2022

Background
Pharmacy fill data are a practical tool for assessing medication nonadherence. However, previous studies have not compared the accuracy of pharmacy fill data to measurement of plasma drug levels, or chemical adherence testing (CAT).

Methods and Results

We performed a cross‐sectional study in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in outpatient clinics in a safety net health system. Plasma samples were obtained for measurement of common cardiovascular drugs, including calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Proportion of days covered (PDC), a method for tracking pharmacy fill data, was calculated via linkages with Surescripts, and its diagnostic test characteristics were compared with CAT. Among 77 patients with uncontrolled hypertension, 13 (17%) were nonadherent to at least 1 antihypertensive drug and 23 (37%) were nonadherent to statins by CAT. PDC was significantly lower in the nonadherent versus the adherent group by CAT only among patients prescribed an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker or statin (all
P
<0.05) but not in patients prescribed other drug classes. The sensitivity and specificity of PDC in detecting nonadherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statin drugs by CAT were 75% to 82% and 56% to 79%, respectively. The positive predictive value of PDC in detecting nonadherence was only 11% to 27% for antihypertensive drugs and 45% for statins.

Conclusions
PDC is useful in detecting nonadherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins but has limited usefulness in detecting nonadherence to calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, or thiazide diuretics and has a low positive predictive value for all drug classes.