bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FMNL2 regulates gliovascular interactions and is associated with vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lee Annie J. , Raghavan Neha S. , Bhattarai Prabesh , Siddiqui Tohid , Sariya Sanjeev , Reyes-Dumeyer Dolly , Flowers Xena E. , Cardoso Sarah A. L. , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Schneider Julie A. , Menon Vilas , Wang Yanling , Lantigua Rafael A. , Medrano Martin , Rivera Diones , Jiménez-Velázquez Ivonne Z. , Kukull Walter A. , Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer J. , Tosto Giuseppe , Kizil Caghan , Vardarajan Badri N. , Mayeux Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) during middle age and later and is frequently accompanied by cerebrovascular pathology at death. An interaction between CVRFs and genetic variants might explain the pathogenesis. Genome-wide, gene by CVRF interaction analyses for AD, in 6568 patients and 8101 controls identified FMNL2 (p = 6.6 × 10–7). A significant increase in FMNL2 expression was observed in the brains of patients with brain infarcts and AD pathology and was associated with amyloid and phosphorylated tau deposition. FMNL2 was also prominent in astroglia in AD among those with cerebrovascular pathology. Amyloid toxicity in zebrafish increased fmnl2a expression in astroglia with detachment of astroglial end feet from blood vessels. Knockdown of fmnl2a prevented gliovascular remodeling, reduced microglial activity and enhanced amyloidosis. APP/PS1dE9 AD mice also displayed increased Fmnl2 expression and reduced the gliovascular contacts independent of the gliotic response. Based on this work, we propose that FMNL2 regulates pathology-dependent plasticity of the blood–brain-barrier by controlling gliovascular interactions and stimulating the clearance of extracellular aggregates. Therefore, in AD cerebrovascular risk factors promote cerebrovascular pathology which in turn, interacts with FMNL2 altering the normal astroglial-vascular mechanisms underlying the clearance of amyloid and tau increasing their deposition in brain.
Prenatal paternal depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom burden in different risk samples: an explorative study
Authors: Zacher Magdalena , Wollanka Nele , Sauer Christina , Haßtenteufel Kathrin , Wallwiener Stephanie , Wallwiener Markus , Maatouk Imad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Growing evidence implies that transition to parenthood triggers symptoms of mental burden not only in women but likewise in men, especially in high-risk pregnancies. This is the first study that examined and compared the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom burden of expectant fathers who face different risk situations during pregnancy.

Methods
Prevalence rates of paternal depression (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale), anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder seven), and somatic symptom burden (somatic symptom scale eight) were examined in two risk samples and one control group in the third trimester of their partners’ pregnancy: risk sample I (n = 41) consist of expectant fathers whose partners were prenatally hospitalized due to medical complications; risk sample II (n = 52) are fathers whose partners were prenatally mentally distressed; and control group (n = 70) are those non-risk pregnancies.

Results
On a purely descriptive level, the data display a trend of higher symptom burden of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in the two risk samples, indicating that expectant fathers, whose pregnant partners were hospitalized or suffered prenatal depression, were more prenatally distressed. Exploratory testing of group differences revealed an almost three times higher prevalence rate of anxiety in fathers whose partner was hospitalized (12.2%) compared to those non-risks (4.3%).

Conclusion
Results underline the need for screening implementations for paternal prenatal psychological distress, as well as specific prevention and treatment programs, especially for fathers in risk situations, such as their pregnant partners’ prenatal hospitalization.
The study was registered with the German clinical trials register (DRKS00020131) on 2019/12/09.
Amphetamine or skin cream? The impact of the sampling site on the concentration of controlled substances: a case report
Authors: Gessner L. , Madea B. , Maas A. , Krämer M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis case report demonstrates the impact of different sampling sites on the quantification of narcotic substances. In 2020, officers secured a syringe containing a light-yellow paste-like substance, for which a drug pre-test indicated a positive result for amphetamine, inducing subsequent analyses of the sample by means of a gaschromatographic-mass spectrometric method (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Depending on the sample location, different results were obtained, with amphetamine not being detected in each sample. Amphetamine was particularly found at the outlet of the syringe, while amphetamine detection on the inside of the syringe at the plunger seal was only possible occasionally and, moreover, in lower concentrations. Based on this and with regard to the comparatively small amphetamine concentrations, contamination of the syringe (especially on the tip of the syringe) was assumed. Hence, the results strengthened the importance of the implication of different sampling sites, when either homogenization of the sample is not feasible or is not performed for reasons of plausibility checks concerning possible contamination of the sample.
18F-FDG PET, cognitive functioning, and CSF biomarkers in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea before and after continuous positive airway pressure treatment
Authors: Fernandes Mariana , Mari Luisa , Chiaravalloti Agostino , Paoli Barbara , Nuccetelli Marzia , Izzi Francesca , Giambrone Maria Pia , Camedda Riccardo , Bernardini Sergio , Schillaci Orazio , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Placidi Fabio , Liguori Claudio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Dysregulation of cerebral glucose consumption, alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and cognitive impairment have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). On these bases, OSA has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to measure cognitive performance, CSF biomarkers, and cerebral glucose consumption in OSA patients and to evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on these biomarkers over a 12-month period.

Methods
Thirty-four OSA patients and 34 controls underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), cognitive evaluation, and CSF analysis. A subgroup of 12 OSA patients treated with beneficial CPAP and performing the 12-month follow-up was included in the longitudinal analysis, and cognitive evaluation and 18F-FDG PET were repeated.

Results
Significantly reduced glucose consumption was observed in the bilateral praecuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and frontal areas in OSA patients than controls. At baseline, OSA patients also showed lower β-amyloid42 and higher phosphorylated-tau CSF levels than controls. Increased total tau and phosphorylated tau levels correlated with a reduction in brain glucose consumption in a cluster of different brain areas. In the longitudinal analysis, OSA patients showed an improvement in cognition and a global increase in cerebral 18F-FDG uptake.

Conclusions
Cognitive impairment, reduced cerebral glucose consumption, and alterations in CSF biomarkers were observed in OSA patients, which may reinforce the hypothesis of AD neurodegenerative processes triggered by OSA. Notably, cognition and brain glucose consumption improved after beneficial CPAP treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of CPAP treatment on these AD biomarkers.
Results of robotic TAPP and conventional laparoscopic TAPP in an outpatient setting: a cohort study in Switzerland
Authors: Gerdes Stephan , Burger Reint , Liesch Georg , Freitag Barbara , Serra Michele , Vonlanthen René , Bueter Marco , Thalheimer Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Recently, robotic surgery has been increasingly performed in hernia surgery. Although feasibility and safety of robot-assisted inguinal hernia repair in an inpatient setting have been already shown, its role in outpatient hernia surgery has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to compare robot-assisted TAPP (r-TAPP) and conventional laparoscopic TAPP (l-TAPP) in an outpatient setting.

Methods
A prospective database of patients with inguinal hernia treated by l-TAPP or r-TAPP in an outpatient setting during a 1-year period was analyzed in a comparative cohort study. All patients underwent a check-up appointment with their surgeon within 3 days and 6 weeks postoperatively. Data on surgical time, perioperative complications, and postoperative pain were collected. Pain was recorded by using a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS).

Results
Overall, outpatient laparoendoscopic inguinal hernia repair was performed in 58 patients (29 l-TAPP; 29 r-TAPP). Mean age was 57 years (21–81), mean BMI 24.5 kg/m2 (19–33) with no differences between both groups. Most patients reported none or only a low postoperative pain level in both groups (89.6% in l-TAPP group; 100% in r-TAPP), while there was a trend for less pain after r-TAPP. In both groups, there was one case of postoperative hematoma, which was successfully treated by conservative means. No other complications occurred during follow-up in either group and there was no 30-day-readmission, no unplanned overstay or any 30-day mortality in the cohort.

Conclusion
Robot-assisted inguinal hernia surgery can be safely performed in an outpatient setting with a tendency to less pain when compared to the conventional laparoscopic technique. Cost-effectiveness and cost-coverage of outpatient robot-assisted inguinal hernia surgery must be further investigated in times of limited health cost resources and diagnosis-related medical reimbursements.
First report of molecular taxonomic analyses of European beaver metazoan parasites from Hungary
Authors: Szekeres Sándor , Czabán Dávid , Takács Nóra , Széll Zoltán , Gubányi András , Kontschán Jenő , Hornok Sándor , Sréter Tamás 
Published: May 2022

Abstract European beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) is the biggest rodent species living in Europe. Beavers are semi-aquatic animals; they are defecating directly into the water; thus, they have an important role in spreading parasites related to water (e.g., protozoa and flukes). The first specimens of this once extinct rodent species in Hungary turned up in Szigetköz (upper flow of the Hungarian Danube) in 1991 dispersed from Austria. The reintroduction to Hungary started in 1996, and the population slowly increased in number up to around 4000 individuals, but the knowledge about their parasites is lacking. This is the first report on the metazoan parasites of beavers in Hungary and their molecular taxonomy. In the 5-year study, 47 beavers were trapped in four locations and euthanized with permission. Three different metazoan parasites were collected: larvae and adults of Platypsyllus castoris beetles, nymphs and adults of Schizocarpus sp. mites and eggs and adults of Stichorchis subtriquetrus flukes. From these three parasite species, molecular taxonomic studies were also carried out. The low number of metazoan parasites species detected in Hungarian beavers compared to other European countries (e.g., Poland) might be attributed to host population bottleneck effect during reintroduction. As parasites represent a significant component of the biodiversity and ecosystem, the conservation efforts should focus not only on host species but also on their parasites.
To stitch or not to stitch: the skin closure of laparoscopic port sites, a meta-analysis
Authors: Aitchison Lucy P. , Chen Andy Z. L. , Toms Clare , Sandroussi Charbel , Yeo David A. , Steffens Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious meta-analyses examining skin closure methods for all surgical wounds have found suture to have significantly decreased rates of wound dehiscence compared to tissue adhesive; however, this was not specific to laparoscopic wounds alone.This study aims to determine the best method of skin closure in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominopelvic surgery in order to minimize wound complications and pain, while maximize cosmesis, time and cost efficiency.MethodsA comprehensive search of EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and CENTRAL was conducted from inception to 1st May 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to describe the quality of evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. A summary relative risk (RR) was calculated for dichotomous outcomes where data could be pooled. (Prospero registration number: CRD42019122639).ResultsThe literature search identified 11,628 potentially eligible studies. Twelve RCTs met inclusion criteria. There was no difference in wound complications (infection, dehiscence, and drainage) between sutures, tissue adhesives nor adhesive papertape. Low-quality evidence found transcutaneous suture had lower rates of wound complications compared with subcuticular sutures (RR 0.22, 95%: CI 0.05–0.98). There was no evidence of a difference in patient-evaluated cosmesis, prolonged pain, or patient satisfaction between the three groups. Closure with tissue adhesive and adhesive papertape was faster and cheaper than suture.ConclusionTissue adhesive and adhesive papertape offer safe, cost and time-saving alternatives to closure of laparoscopic port sites compared to suture.
Long short-term cognitive networks
Authors: Nápoles Gonzalo , Grau Isel , Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Salgueiro Yamisleydi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a recurrent neural system named long short-term cognitive networks (LSTCNs) as a generalization of the short-term cognitive network (STCN) model. Such a generalization is motivated by the difficulty of forecasting very long time series efficiently. The LSTCN model can be defined as a collection of STCN blocks, each processing a specific time patch of the (multivariate) time series being modeled. In this neural ensemble, each block passes information to the subsequent one in the form of weight matrices representing the prior knowledge. As a second contribution, we propose a deterministic learning algorithm to compute the learnable weights while preserving the prior knowledge resulting from previous learning processes. As a third contribution, we introduce a feature influence score as a proxy to explain the forecasting process in multivariate time series. The simulations using three case studies show that our neural system reports small forecasting errors while being significantly faster than state-of-the-art recurrent models.
Cost of postoperative complications of lower anterior resection for rectal cancer: a nationwide registry study of 15,187 patients
Authors: Kumamaru Hiraku , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Ishikawa Koichi Benjamin , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Hideki , Ono Minoru , Iwanaka Tadashi , Marubashi Shigeru , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Seto Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Yuko , Miyata Hiroaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the increase in hospital costs associated with postoperative complications after lower anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.

Methods
The subjects of this retrospective analysis were patients who underwent elective LAR surgery between April, 2015 and March, 2017, collected from a Japanese nationwide gastroenterological surgery registry linked to hospital-based claims data. We evaluated total and category-specific hospitalization costs based on the level of postoperative complications categorized using the Clavien–Dindo (CD) classification. We assessed the relative increase in hospital costs, adjusting for preoperative factors and hospital case volume.

Results
We identified 15,187 patients (mean age 66.8) treated at 884 hospitals. Overall, 71.8% had no recorded complications, whereas 7.6%, 10.8%, 9.0%, 0.6%, and 0.2% had postoperative complications of CD grades I–V, respectively. The median (25th–75th percentiles) hospital costs were $17.3 K (16.1–19.3) for the no-complications group, and $19.1 K (17.3–22.2), $21.0 K (18.5–25.0), $27.4 K (22.4–33.9), $41.8 K (291–618), and $22.7 K (183–421) for the CD grades I–V complication groups, respectively. The multivariable model identified that complications of CD grades I–V were associated with 11%, 21%, 61%, 142%, and 70% increases in in-hospital costs compared with no complications.

Conclusions
Postoperative complications and their severity are strongly associated with increased hospital costs and health-care resource utilization. Implementing strategies to prevent postoperative complications will improve patients’ clinical outcomes and reduce hospital care costs substantially.
A Pre-peak Elastoplastic Damage Model of Gosford Sandstone Based on Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Wave Measurement
Authors: Li Xu , Si Guangyao , Oh Joung , Canbulat Ismet , Xiang Zizhuo , Li Tianbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe determination of internal material damage is always an arduous challenge. Non-destructive monitoring methods show great potential in quantitatively determining the internal material properties, whereas most of the studies relying on external observations remain in a qualitative stage. They either violate the basic thermodynamic assumptions or are difficult to guide engineering practice. In this paper, following the theory of continuum mechanics, an elastoplastic damage model based on non-destructive monitoring methods (i.e., acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave velocity measurement) has been developed. To capture the continuous and precise damage evolution inside rock mass, P wave velocity obtained by ultrasonic wave measurement was utilised and then considered as an input for the proposed elastoplastic damage model. Triaxial loading test results on six Gosford sandstone samples were analysed first to characterise critical stresses along the stress–strain loading curves, such as crack closure stress, stable crack propagation stress and unstable crack propagation stress. The drop of ultrasonic wave velocity can be seen as an indicator to represent the damage evolution inside rock material. Damage initiation is also closely related to the confining stress and dilation induced volumetric expansion. The test results also suggested that the Drucker–Prager criterion is sufficient to describe the plastic yielding surface and the following material hardening. A non-associated plastic flow assumption was adopted, considering the essence of microcrack shearing in rock failure and the effect of hydrostatic pressure on plastic deformation. A modified Drucker–Prager plastic potential was also introduced to track the orientation of plastic increment with material hardening. A scalar damage variable was derived from ultrasonic wave measurement results to indirectly represent the deterioration of rock properties (modulus). The proposed model was used to match lab test results with high consistency, and the main features of rock behaviour in triaxial loading tests were successfully captured by the model. Finally, the damage evolution of rock samples was analysed, which indicates that damage is dependent on its conjugate force, namely damage energy release rate Y. This study proves that P wave velocity can be an effective approach to measure and forecast the internal damage evolution inside rock mass, which has broad prospects for engineering applications.
Artificial intelligence-based diagnostics of molar-incisor-hypomineralization (MIH) on intraoral photographs
Authors: Schönewolf Jule , Meyer Ole , Engels Paula , Schlickenrieder Anne , Hickel Reinhard , Gruhn Volker , Hesenius Marc , Kühnisch Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning–based convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automated detection and categorization of teeth affected by molar-incisor-hypomineralization (MIH) on intraoral photographs.Materials and methodsThe data set consisted of 3241 intraoral images (767 teeth with no MIH/no intervention, 76 with no MIH/atypical restoration, 742 with no MIH/sealant, 815 with demarcated opacity/no intervention, 158 with demarcated opacity/atypical restoration, 181 with demarcated opacity/sealant, 290 with enamel breakdown/no intervention, 169 with enamel breakdown/atypical restoration, and 43 with enamel breakdown/sealant). These images were divided into a training (N = 2596) and a test sample (N = 649). All images were evaluated by an expert group, and each diagnosis served as a reference standard for cyclic training and evaluation of the CNN (ResNeXt-101–32 × 8d). Statistical analysis included the calculation of contingency tables, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) and saliency maps.ResultsThe developed CNN was able to categorize teeth with MIH correctly with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 95.2%. The overall SE and SP amounted to 78.6% and 97.3%, respectively, which indicate that the CNN performed better in healthy teeth compared to those with MIH. The AUC values ranging from 0.873 (enamel breakdown/sealant) to 0.994 (atypical restoration/no MIH).ConclusionIt was possible to categorize the majority of clinical photographs automatically by using a trained deep learning–based CNN with an acceptably high diagnostic accuracy.Clinical relevanceArtificial intelligence-based dental diagnostics may support dental diagnostics in the future regardless of the need to improve accuracy.
A representation learning framework for detection and characterization of dead versus strain localization zones from pre- to post-failure
Authors: Tordesillas Antoinette , Zhou Shuo , Bailey James , Bondell Howard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExperiments have long shown that zones of near vanishing deformation, so-called “dead zones”, emerge and coexist with strain localization zones inside deforming granular media. To date, a method that can disentangle these dynamically coupled structures from each other, from pre- to post- failure, is lacking. Here we develop a framework that learns a new representation of the kinematic data, based on the complexity of a grain’s neighborhood structure in the kinematic-state-space, as measured by a recently introduced metric calleds-LID. Dead zones (DZ) are first distinguished from strain localization zones (SZ) throughout loading history. Next the coupled dynamics of DZ and SZ are characterized using a range of discriminative features representing: local nonaffine deformation, contact topology and force transmission properties. Data came from discrete element simulations of biaxial compression tests. The deformation is found to be essentially dual in nature. DZ and SZ exhibit distinct yet coupled dynamics, with the separation in dynamics increasing in the lead up to failure. Force congestion and plastic deformation mainly concentrate in SZ. Although the 3-core of the contact network is highly prone to damage in SZ, it is robust to pre-failure microbands but is decimated in the shearband, leaving a fragmented 3-core in DZ at failure. We also show how loading condition and rolling resistance influence SZ and DZ differently, thus casting new light on controls on plasticity from the perspective of emergent deformation structures.Graphic abstract