bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mass spectrometry‐based non‐radioactive differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (DRaCALA) to assess ligand binding to proteins
Authors: Cimdins‐Ahne Annika , Chernobrovkin Alexey , Kim Soo‐Kyoung , Lee Vincent T. , Zubarev Roman A. , Römling Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBinding of ligands to macromolecules changes their physicochemical and enzymatic characteristics. Cyclic di‐GMP is a second messenger involved in motility/sessility and acute/chronic infection life style transition. Although the GGDEF domain, predominantly a diguanylate cyclase, represents one of the most abundant bacterial domain superfamilies, the number of cyclic di‐GMP receptors falls short. To facilitate screening for cyclic di‐nucleotide binding proteins, we describe a non‐radioactive, matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF)‐based modification of the widely applied differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (DRaCALA). The results of this assay suggest that the diguanylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase variant YciRFec101, but not selected catalytic mutants, bind cyclic di‐GMP.Highlights

Cyclic di‐nucleotides are ubiquitous second messengers in bacteria. However, few receptors have been identified.
Previous screening of cell lysates by differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (DRaCALA) using radioactive ligand identified cyclic di‐nucleotide binding proteins.
A MALDI‐TOF‐based DRaCALA was developed to detect cyclic di‐nucleotide binding as a non‐radioactive alternative.
Known cyclic di‐GMP binding proteins were verified and potential cyclic di‐GMP binding proteins were identified.
Long noncoding RNA expression analysis in Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever patients
Authors: Arslan Serdal , Bakir Mehmet , Bayyurt Burcu , Aydemir Eylem I. , Kinaci Kenan , Engin Aynur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCrimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute viral infection that can cause death. The detection of host transcriptome is important for understanding differences in the pathogenesis of the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in different biological processes. They have also emerged as key molecules for therapeutic targets. We investigated the lncRNA gene expression profiles by utilizing the microarray for the first time in CCHF. LncRNAs were determined by the comparisons between case‐control, fatal case‐control, and fatal case‐nonfatal cases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to validate the microarray results of some lncRNAs. In our study, 39 lncRNAs (5 downregulated and 34 upregulated) were found to be significantly regulated in the cases when compared to the controls (p < 0.05; FC ≥ 2). One hundred ten lncRNAs exhibited a statistically significant difference between fatal cases and controls. FER1L4, ECRP, and LOC100133669 are important lncRNAs in both case and fatal case groups compared with controls. These lncRNAs may be considered important therapeutic targets for the CCHF in further studies.
Wet season rainfall onset and flash drought: The case of the northern Australian wet season
Authors: Lisonbee Joel , Ribbe Joachim , Otkin Jason A. , Pudmenzky Christa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the frequency of false onsets of wet season rainfall in the case of the Northern Australian wet season and investigate the role of large‐scale tropical climate processes such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Madden–Julian Oscillation. A false onset occurs when a wet season rainfall onset criterion is met, but follow‐up rainfall is not received for weeks or months later. Our analysis of wet season rainfall data from 1950 through 2020 shows a false onset occurs, on average, between 20 and 30% of wet seasons across all of northern Australia. This increases at a regional and local level such as at Darwin, the Northern Territory (NT), and parts of Queensland's north coast to over 50%. Seasonal climate influences, such as a La Niña pattern and a negative IOD that typically expedite the wet season rainfall onset, also increase the likelihood of a false onset over northern Australia. Our analysis also finds that periods of false onsets can sometimes, but not always, coincide with periods of rapid soil moisture depletion. The false rainfall onsets that develop into flash drought can be potentially disruptive and costly and are of potential significance for agriculture and fire management in northern Australia, and in other monsoonal climates that also typically experience a slow build‐up to the seasonal monsoon. In conclusion, effective rainfall indicates that many seasons experience ‘false onsets’ with dry conditions after early rainfall. We propose that false onsets are a physical characteristic of the climate of northern Australia which occurs with relatively high frequency. In addition, these false onsets may sometimes co‐occur with a flash drought.
Fecal sphingolipids predict parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Moutinho Thomas J. , Powers Deborah A. , Hanson Gabriel F. , Levy Shira , Baveja Rajiv , Hefner Isabel , Mohamed Masouma , Abdelghani Alaa , Baker Robin L. , Papin Jason A. , Moore Sean R. , Hourigan Suchitra K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes significant morbidity and associated healthcare costs. Laboratory detection of PNAC currently relies on elevated serum conjugated bilirubin levels in the aftermath of impaired bile flow. Here, we sought to identify fecal biomarkers, which when integrated with clinical data, would better predict risk for developing PNAC.MethodsUsing untargeted metabolomics in 200 serial stool samples from 60 infants, we applied statistical and machine learning approaches to identify clinical features and metabolic biomarkers with the greatest associative potential for risk of developing PNAC. Stools were collected prospectively from infants receiving PN with soybean oil–based lipid emulsion at a level IV NICU.ResultsLow birth weight, extreme prematurity, longer duration of PN, and greater number of antibiotic courses were all risk factors for PNAC (P < 0.05). We identified 78 stool biomarkers with early predictive potential (P < 0.05). From these 78 biomarkers, we further identified 12 sphingomyelin lipids with high association for the development of PNAC in precholestasis stool samples when combined with birth anthropometry.ConclusionWe demonstrate the potential for stool metabolomics to enhance early identification of PNAC risk. Earlier detection of high‐risk infants would empower proactive mitigation with alterations to PN for at‐risk infants and optimization of energy nutrition with PN for infants at lower risk.
VECTOR: Very deep convolutional autoencoders for non‐resonant background removal in broadband coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Zhengwei , O' Dwyer Kevin , Muddiman Ryan , Ward Tomas , Camp Charles H. , Hennelly Bryan M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid label‐free spectroscopy of biological and chemical specimen via molecular vibration through means of broadband coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (B‐CARS) could serve as a basis for a robust diagnostic platform for a wide range of applications. A limiting factor of CARS is the presence of a non‐resonant background (NRB) signal, endemic to the technique. This background is multiplicative with the chemically resonant signal, meaning the perturbation it generates cannot be accounted for simply. Although several numerical approaches exist to account for and remove the NRB, they generally require some estimate of the NRB in the form of a separate measurement. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network architecture called Very dEep Convolutional auTOencodeRs (VECTOR), which retrieves the analytical Raman‐like spectrum from CARS spectra through training of simulated noisy CARS spectra, without the need for an NRB reference measurement. VECTOR is composed of an encoder and a decoder. The encoder aims to compress the input to a lower dimensional latent representation without losing critical information. The decoder learns to reconstruct the input from the compressed representation. We also introduce skip connection that bypass from the encoder to the decoder, which benefits the reconstruction performance for deeper networks. We conduct abundant experiments to compare our proposed VECTOR to previous approaches in the literature, including the widely applied Kramers–Kronig method, as well as two another recently proposed methods that also use neural networks.
Strategies for crop nutraceutical content enhancement, a review
Authors: Martinez‐Alvarado Lucio , Acosta‐Estrada Beatriz A. , Marilena Antunes‐Ricardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increase in cardiovascular and degenerative diseases around the world, in addition to other metabolic alterations derived from an inadequate diet, have highlighted the need to consume more nutritious and healthy foods, that can also provide added value in the prevention of diseases. In this sense, nutraceutical‐rich functional foods have become a sustained growing market derived from consumer demands. Different strategies have been developed to enhance the content of nutraceuticals compounds in crops and end products, as well as to increase the bioavailability of them. These strategies have been grouped in biofortification techniques (e.g., foliar, and soil application of nutrients, germination, and soaking of seeds, genetic modification of plants and crops) and techniques for nutraceutical enrichment (e.g., fermentation of food byproducts, nanoparticles, and induced post‐harvest stress). The utilization of these techniques thrives a new approach for novel biofortified, and nutraceutical enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health‐conscious consumers.
Contribution of the diverse experimental models to unravelling the biological scope of dietary (poly)phenols
Authors: Agulló Vicente , Moreno Diego A , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , García‐Viguera Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe health benefits associated with (poly)phenols need to be supported by robust and insightful information on their biological effects. The use ofin vitro,ex vivo, andin vivomodels is crucial to demonstrate functionalities in specific targets. In this regard, bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and tissue/organ distribution need to be fully understood and established. In addition, the structure–function relationships, concerning both descriptive and mechanistic information, between specific compounds and therapeutic objectives, need to be supported by results obtained fromin vivostudies. Nevertheless, these studies are not always possible or have some limitations, particularly concerning the mechanistic information explaining the health benefits provided that should be covered with complementary experimental models. Based on these premises, this review aims to overview the contribution of the separate experimental approaches to gain insights into the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of (poly)phenols. To achieve this objective, recent evidence available on the linkage of healthy/functional foods with the incidence of non‐communicable pathologies is presented. The different experimental approaches provide complementary information that allows advances to be applied to the knowledge gained on the functional properties and mechanistic facts responsible for the health attributions of polyphenols. © 2022 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on melanoma diagnoses
Authors: Weltler Patrick , Rappersberger Klemens , Filzmoser Peter , Vujic Igor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated whether governmental measures and lockdowns during the COVID‐19 pandemic had an impact on the number and histopathologic stages of melanoma.MethodsThe number and thickness (Breslow) of all diagnosed melanomas per day, month, or period at the ‘Institute for Pathology in the Centre’ in 2019 and 2020 were compared. For 2020, we defined four time periods: Period 1: 1 January–15 March; Period 2: 16 March–15 May (Lockdown 1); Period 3: 16 May–2 November; Period 4: 3 November–7 December (Lockdown 2).ResultsWe found similar melanoma numbers in 2019 (577) and 2020 (608). The mean number of diagnoses per day during Lockdown 1 (Period 2) was significantly lower (0.87 melanomas/day; p = 0.005) when compared to the respective time periods in 2019 and to the other three periods in 2020 (Period 1: 1.65 melanomas/day, Period 3: 1.77 melanomas/day, and Period 4: 2.49 melanomas/day). Tumour thickness in July 2020 (1.9 mm) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in July 2019 (1.1 mm).DiscussionThe significant lower number of histopathologic diagnoses of melanoma during ‘Lockdown 1’ may be explained by postponed or missed patient consultations. This assumption is supported by the demonstration of a higher tumour thickness in July and August 2020, compared to 2019.
Recent Advances in Polymer Microneedles for Drug Transdermal Delivery: Design Strategies and Applications
Authors: Wang Rui , Jiang Guohua , Aharodnikau Uladzislau E. , Yunusov Khaydar , Sun Yanfang , Liu Tianqi , Solomevich Sergey O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, transdermal drug delivery based on microneedles (MNs) technology has received extensive attention, which offers a safer and painless alternative to hypodermic needle injections. They can pierce the stratum corneum and deliver drugs to the epidermis and dermis‐structures of skin, showing prominent properties such as minimally invasiveness, bypassing first‐pass metabolism, and can be self‐administered. A range of materials has been used to fabricate MNs, such as silicon, metal, glass, and polymers. Among them, polymer MNs have gained increasing attention from pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies as one of the promising drug delivery methods. MN products have recently become available on the market, and some of them are under evaluation for efficacy and safety. This paper focuses on the current state of polymer MNs in drug transdermal delivery. The materials and methods for the fabrication of polymer MNs and their drug administration are described. The recent progress of polymer MNs for treatment of cancer, vaccine delivery, blood glucose regulation, androgenetic alopecia, obesity, tissue healing, myocardial infarction, and gout are reviewed. The challenges of MNs technology are summarized and the future development trend of MNs is also prospected.
Impact of corrosion on mechanical properties of additively manufactured Invar 36
Authors: Heine B. , Kah A. , Sedlmajer M. , Ocker C. , Merkel M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvar alloys are used for high‐precision applications due to their invariance of the coefficient of thermal expansion over a temperature range up to about 250 °C. The present study determines the mechanical and corrosive properties of Invar 36 (64 % Iron – 36 % Nickel) specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. Tensile specimens were fabricated to investigate the mechanical properties. The influence of a horizontal and vertical building orientation is considered. An apparent mechanical anisotropy depending on the respective building is observed. Based on this, further tensile specimens were stored in a hydrochloric acid pickling solution, a sulphate buffer solution and a sodium chloride solution to analyse the corrosion behaviour. The findings after eight weeks in the individual media show that outsourcing the Invar 36 specimens in a sulphate buffer solution results in significant changes in the mechanical properties, especially fracture elongation.
Institutional logics and the multiorganizational governance arrangements of humanitarian INGOs
Authors: Beagles Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGovernance within the growing number of multiorganizational international nongovernmental organization (INGO) families in the humanitarian sector is challenging. Ideas are evolving about what the objectives of humanitarian INGOs should be, what the most appropriate means of achieving these objectives are, and how best to demonstrate effectiveness and integrity to others. Within this context, scholars observe that choices in governance approaches are driven largely by internal politics within the bounds of legitimacy, leading some to refer to INGOs as principled‐instrumentalists. However, we know little about the principles bounding these instrumental choices. Drawing from an institutional logics perspective, this paper compares the multiorganizational governance arrangements of 40 humanitarian INGO families with the values they espouse in their statements of values, principles, or beliefs. The idea being that these statements of values can serve as a window into the logics guiding organizational decision‐making and provide the basis for how power is enacted and strategies chosen within these social settings. These findings have the potential to help leaders of multisite nonprofits make sense of the ways changing values, beliefs, and logics are prompting their organizations to reconsider how they balance inherent management tensions.
ProSight Annotator: Complete control and customization of protein entries in UniProt XML files
Authors: Greer Joseph B. , Early Bryan P. , Durbin Kenneth R. , Patrie Steven M. , Thomas Paul M. , Kelleher Neil L. , LeDuc Richard D. , Fellers Ryan T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of any proteomics database search depends on the theoretical candidate information contained in the protein database. Unfortunately, candidate entries from protein databases such as UniProt rarely contain all the post‐translational modifications (PTMs), disulfide bonds, or endogenous cleavages of interest to researchers. These omissions can limit discovery of novel and biologically important proteoforms. Conversely, searching for a specific proteoform becomes a computationally difficult task for heavily modified proteins. Both situations require updates to the database through user‐annotated entries. Unfortunately, manually creating properly formatted UniProt Extensible Markup Language (XML) files is tedious and prone to errors. ProSight Annotator solves these issues by providing a graphical interface for adding user‐defined features to UniProt‐formatted XML files for better informed proteoform searches. It can be downloaded from http://prosightannotator.northwestern.edu.
Safe from “harm”: The governance of violence by platforms
Authors: DeCook Julia R. , Cotter Kelley , Kanthawala Shaheen , Foyle Kali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA number of issues have emerged related to how platforms moderate and mitigate “harm.” Although platforms have recently developed more explicit policies in regard to what constitutes “hate speech” and “harmful content,” it appears that platforms often use subjective judgments of harm that specifically pertains to spectacular, physical violence—but harm takes on many shapes and complex forms. The politics of defining “harm” and “violence” within these platforms are complex and dynamic, and represent entrenched histories of how control over these definitions extends to people's perceptions of them. Via a critical discourse analysis of policy documents from three major platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), we argue that platforms' narrow definitions of harm and violence are not just insufficient but result in these platforms engaging in a form of symbolic violence. Moreover, the platforms position harm as a floating signifier, imposing conceptions of not just what violence is and how it manifests, but who it impacts. Rather than changing the mechanisms of their design that enable harm, the platforms reconfigure intentionality and causality to try to stop users from being “harmful,” which, ironically, perpetuates harm. We provide a number of suggestions, namely a restorative justice‐focused approach, in addressing platform harm.
Mechanically tough dry‐free ionic hydrogel microfibers swollen in aqueous electrolyte prepared by microfluidic devices
Authors: Fitria Gea , Yoon Jinhwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoft conducting materials in the shape of microfibers with various functional geometries are crucial for soft electronics. To develop highly stretchable conducting microfibers, a microfluidic method is used to prepare hydrogels in a double‐network structure. Based on the coagulation of chitosan in cold water and simultaneous photopolymerization and photocrosslinking of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N‐diethylacrylamide, long microfibers with controlled uniform diameters can be obtained at the junction of a coaxially aligned microchannel device. After further reinforcement of the chitosan chain and exchange of the medium of the hydrogel microfiber with an aqueous electrolyte of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the prepared ionic hydrogel exhibits high conductivity and stretchability and dry‐free properties. Owing to its mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity, we envision a highly stretchable soft electrode with the prepared ionic hydrogel microfiber that can be stretched up to 900%. This fiber has potential for applications in soft electronics and wearable devices.
177Lu‐PSMA radioligand therapy effectiveness in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sadaghiani Mohammad S. , Sheikhbahaei Sara , Werner Rudolf A. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Pomper Martin G. , Gorin Michael A. , Solnes Lilja B. , Rowe Steven P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of relevant studies to evaluate the effectiveness of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeted endoradiotherapy/radioligand therapy (PRLT) in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsA systematic search was performed in July 2020 using PubMed/Medline database to update our prior systematic review. The search was limited to papers published from 2019 to June 2020. A total of 472 papers were reviewed. The studied parameters included pooled proportion of patients showing any or ≥50% prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) decline after PRLT. Survival effects of PRLT were assessed based on pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of the overall survival (OS) according to any PSA as well as ≥50% PSA decline after PRLT. Response to therapy based on ≥50% PSA decrease after PRLT versus controls was evaluated using Mantel‐Haenszel random effect meta‐analysis. All p values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 45 publications were added to the prior 24 studies. 69 papers with total of 4157 patients were included for meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis of the two recent randomized controlled trials showed that patients treated with 177Lu‐PSMA 617 had a significantly higher response to therapy compared to controls based on ≥50% PSA decrease. Meta‐analysis of the HRs of OS according to any PSA decline and ≥50% PSA decline showed survival prolongation after PRLT.ConclusionsPRLT results in higher proportion of patients responding to therapy based on ≥50% PSA decline compared to controls. Any PSA decline and ≥50% PSA decline showed survival prolongation after PRLT.Advances in knowledge: This is the first meta‐analysis to aggregate the recent randomized controlled trials of PRLT which shows CRPC patients had a higher response to therapy after PRLT compared to controls.