bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen‐like protein 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: Pulkka Olli‐Pekka , Viisanen Leevi , Tynninen Olli , Laaksonen Maria , Reichardt Peter , Reichardt Annette , Eriksson Mikael , Hall Kirsten Sundby , Wardelmann Eva , Nilsson Bengt , Sihto Harri , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, can be treated effectively with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Cancer immune therapy has limited efficacy, and little is known about the immune suppressive factors in GISTs. Fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (FGL2) is expressed either as a membrane‐associated protein or as a secreted soluble protein that has immune suppressive functions. We found that GISTs expressed FGL2 mRNA highly compared to other types of cancer in a large human cancer transcriptome database. GIST expressed FGL2 frequently also when studied using immunohistochemistry in two large clinical series, where 333 (78%) out of the 425 GISTs were FGL2 positive. The interstitial cells of Cajal, from which GISTs may originate, expressed FGL2. FGL2 expression was associated with small GIST size, low mitotic counts and low tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts. Patients whose GIST expressed FGL2 had better recurrence‐free survival than patients whose GIST lacked expression. Imatinib upregulated FGL2 in GIST cell lines, and the patients with FGL2‐negative GIST appeared to benefit most from long duration of adjuvant imatinib. We conclude that GISTs express FGL2 frequently and that FGL2 expression is associated with low TIL counts and favourable survival outcomes.
Application of pulsed electric field and drying temperature response on the thermodynamic and thermal properties of red rice starch (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , Padilha Carlos Eduardo , de Almeida Mota Mércia Melo , de Alcântara Silva Virgínia Mirtes , André Anastácia Maria Mikaella Campos Nóbrega , dos Santos Everaldo Silvino 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study evaluates the application of pulsed electric field (PEF) and investigates the effects of drying temperature on the thermodynamic and thermal properties of red rice starch (Oryza Sativa L.). The grains underwent extraction process using 0.5% of sodium metabisulfite; the pastes were pretreated with application of PEF (10 and 30 kV/cm); and the pulse frequency was 600 Hz, 6 μs wide, and 90‐s residence time. The pretreated pastes were subjected to temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C with an air velocity of 1.0 m/s. Evaluation of the thermodynamic properties and thermal properties of the PEF‐pretreated starch was carried out after adjusting the diffusive models using boundary conditions of the first and third types. PEF showed maximum reduction in the time process of 180 min (46.15%) for the PEF 30 kV/cm at a temperature of 60°C. The boundary condition of the third type showed a coefficient of determination (r2) greater than .98 and low values of the function with diffusivity ranging from 2.159 to 7.877 × 10−5 m2/min. A decrease in activation energy (44.59 kJ/mol) was observed revealing positive and decreasing values. The different intensities of PEF resulted in greater moisture transport presenting a uniform distribution within the starch throughout the drying process. The temperature and gelatinization enthalpy were also influenced by PEF. Therefore, PEF can reduce the costs of the drying and gelatinization process reducing environmental impacts generated by high energy consumption.Practical ApplicationsThe results obtained will contribute to the optimization of industrial production and will serve as a basis for the implementation of a pretreatment of FPE for large‐scale application. This method is promising because it modifies the cellular structure of biological cells such as red rice starch and increases the convective drying rate, reducing drying time and energy expenditure in the process.
Effect of antipsychotics on mortality risk in patients with dementia with and without comorbidities
Authors: Nørgaard Ane , Jensen‐Dahm Christina , Wimberley Theresa , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Ishtiak‐Ahmed Kazi , Laursen Thomas Munk , Waldemar Gunhild , Gasse Christiane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the mortality risk associated with the initiation of antipsychotic treatment among patients with dementia and whether comorbidities related to the cardiovascular system and diabetes interact with antipsychotic treatment to increase the mortality risk beyond the risk of death independently associated with antipsychotics and comorbidity alone.MethodsWe designed a matched cohort study using nationwide registry data. All Danish residents aged 65–95 years diagnosed with dementia between 2009 and 2014 were included. Dementia was assessed as a first‐time registered dementia diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Register or the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and/or a first‐time prescription for antidementia medication. Patients exposed to antipsychotics were matched with up to three unexposed patients. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare rates of death within 180 days after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. The models were adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified for diabetes, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, and we calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).ResultsThe study cohort included 8244 exposed patients and 24,730 unexposed patients. A total of 5938 patients died during the first 180 days of follow‐up. Patients exposed to antipsychotics had a significantly higher adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–1.43) than unexposed patients. Crude mortality rates were higher among patients with heart disease and diabetes when antipsychotic treatment was initiated compared with patients without comorbidities. Relative risk estimates did not differ between patients with and without heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes, and RERI suggested no positive additive interaction. Risk analysis suggested higher mortality in patients without cerebrovascular disease who initiated antipsychotics.ConclusionThis nationwide study adds to the evidence that antipsychotic treatment is associated with increased mortality and suggests that attention should be paid to all initiators of antipsychotics irrespective of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of the genus Didymodon (Pottiaceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast markers
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Li , Feng Chao , Kou Jin , Han Yu , Zhang Yu , Xiao Hong‐Xing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDidymodon Hedw., with approximately 140 species in the family Pottiaceae, is distributed nearly throughout the world, with the greatest diversity and important ecological functions in drought lands and alpine ecosystems. Several studies involving morphology, molecular systematics, and macro‐systematic analysis have addressed the infrageneric classification of Didymodon, but controversy over the position of the infrageneric and species classification remains due to its high degree of morphological variation in micro‐habitats and strong sensitivity to climate change at regional and global scale. To date, only a few phylogenetic studies have been conducted with an incomplete number of Didymodon species; further, there is no study published regarding the divergence time of Didymodon. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Didymodon species, sampling a total of 107 species, based on one nuclear (ITS) and five chloroplast DNA. Moreover, divergence time analysis was conducted to infer the age of origin and divergence of Didymodon species. Our results presented the largest scale phylogenetic relationship of Didymodon to date and resolved the phylogenetic status of some controversial taxa and the new species. The divergence time estimation showed that Didymodon species originated around the early Cretaceous, and the diversification was concentrated in the Cretaceous and Eocene. Paleoclimate and environmental change have a direct impact on the origin and divergence of Didymodon species by shaping their morphology, resource availability and ecological niche. Our study will help understand species origin and speciation of Didymodon as well as reflecting species adaptability and experience to historical events.
Human agency and social structure: From the evolutionary perspective
Authors: Zhao Shanyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the agency‐structure issue from the evolutionary perspective. Rather than treating it as something unique to human society, the article examines this issue in the broad context of how different species of social organisms, with humans being one of them, influence the constitution of their societies. The main finding of this analysis is that social organisms of different species all exert influence on their societal formations, but the impact varies depending on the level of agency the organisms possess, particularly their perceptual capabilities. Social organisms with higher perceptual ability play a bigger part in shaping the structure of their societies. A fundamental difference between humans and nonhuman social animals in the agency‐structure relations lies in the fact that humans are the only species on earth known to be capable of constructing institutional rules for societal regulation. This capacity is attributable to the syntactic language and reflective self‐awareness humans possess. Within human species, however, there is considerable variation in the exercise of this capacity among individuals, groups, and societies. It is therefore important to examine species and intra‐species level differences in addressing the agency‐structure issue in human society.
Land‐use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns
Authors: Bizic Mina , Ionescu Danny , Karnatak Rajat , Musseau Camille L. , Onandia Gabriela , Berger Stella A. , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Lischeid Gunnar , Gessner Mark O. , Wollrab Sabine , Grossart Hans‐Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChanges in land use and agricultural intensification threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of small water bodies. We studied 67 kettle holes (KH) in an agricultural landscape in northeastern Germany using landscape‐scale metatranscriptomics to understand the responses of active bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic communities to land‐use type. These KH are proxies of the millions of small standing water bodies of glacial origin spread across the northern hemisphere. Like other landscapes in Europe, the study area has been used for intensive agriculture since the 1950s. In contrast to a parallel environmental DNA study that suggests the homogenization of biodiversity across KH, conceivably resulting from long‐lasting intensive agriculture, land‐use type affected the structure of the active KH communities during spring crop fertilization, but not a month later. This effect was more pronounced for eukaryotes than for bacteria. In contrast, gene expression patterns did not differ between months or across land‐use types, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy across the KH communities. Variability in gene expression was best explained by active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures, suggesting that these changes in functioning are primarily driven by interactions between organisms. Our results indicate that influences of the surrounding landscape result in temporary changes in the activity of different community members. Thus, even in KH where biodiversity has been homogenized, communities continue to respond to land management. This potential needs to be considered when developing sustainable management options for restoration purposes and for successful mitigation of further biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes.
“The total movement of this disorder is its order”: Investment and utilization dynamics in long‐run disequilibrium
Authors: Thompson Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently economists have developed Kaleckian‐Harrodian models, in which non‐capacity‐creating autonomous demand acts as a stabilizing force that drives long‐run growth. But critics have questioned the plausibility of the stability conditions for these models. Motivated by this controversy, in this paper I formulate an alternative framework, in which stable equilibria need not exist, and solution trajectories can perpetually fluctuate in violent and aperiodic ways, but the long‐run dynamics can be understood in terms of time averages. On this basis I argue that key findings in the Kaleckian‐Harrodian literature can be sustained even if the stability conditions are rejected.
Introduction: Linguistic justice, migration and the nation‐state
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Carlsson Nina , Rowe Colin W 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the themed section “Linguistic Justice, Migration and the Nation‐State.” First, it illustrates the rationale for the themed section by examining the relationship between language, migration and the nation‐state. It argues that accounts of linguistic justice that fail to incorporate, discuss and understand the language interests of migrants, and the potential tensions that may emerge between migrants' linguistic rights and duties, and between their linguistic rights and those of autochthonous groups, are likely to become obsolete in an increasingly mobile world. Second, it provides an overview of the articles in the themed section. And, finally, it highlights four specific areas of inquiry that should deserve greater attention in future scholarship.
Is speaking one's own language(s) a right?
Authors: Morales‐Gálvez Sergi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolitical theorists have barely addressed whether migrants have the right to use their original language(s) in the public sphere. My goal in this article, then, is to test what does it mean or imply to say that A has a right to use her language. Making use of Hohfeld's scheme of rights and considering Kloss' idea that language rights are closely dependent upon which sphere is at stake (either public or private sphere), I propose a basic scheme of language rights and liberties. In this work, I argue for two main points. First, that speaking one's own language should be considered both a liberty and a right in the private sphere as a tolerance‐oriented right. Second, that using one's own language should neither be considered a right, nor a liberty enjoyed by everyone in the public sphere. To recognise such a thing would suppose supporting a universal promotion‐oriented language right. In this regard, I distinguish between migrant and long‐settled national language groups. I argue that only members of the latter should be prima facie entitled to a right and liberty to use their own languages in public settings. Finally, I offer a preliminary approach to permissible language policies to secure migrant's language rights and liberties.
Linguistic justice and the challenge of immigration
Authors: Milioni Anna , Pappas Athanasios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe contemporary conditions of migration and transnational mobility raise important questions regarding linguistic justice. Immigrants and national populations claim to have multiple and often conflicting linguistic entitlements. In this paper, we account for a fair allocation of linguistic rights in this migratory context. First, we distinguish between instrumental and non‐instrumental language interests, and we argue against the position that linguistic rights can be waived upon migration. Then, we examine two popular approaches of linguistic justice: the linguistic territoriality approach and the linguistic personality approach. As we demonstrate, these approaches present shortcomings when dealing with the linguistic claims of immigrants, failing to accommodate important aspects of their interests. We argue that the fair accommodation of these interests requires the recognition of English as an official national language, by virtue of its role as the global lingua franca. We then try to dispel some objections that could be raised against our approach.
Combining vascular and nerve fiber layer thickness measurements to model glaucomatous focal visual field loss
Authors: Kallab Martin , Hommer Nikolaus , Schlatter Andreas , Chua Jacqueline , Tan Bingyao , Schmidl Doreen , Hirn Cornelia , Findl Oliver , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhöfer Gerhard , Wong Damon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compare the focal structure–function correlation of structural measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL‐T) using optical coherence tomography (OCT), capillary density (CD) measurements using OCT‐angiography (OCT‐A), or a combination of both, with visual field deviation (VFD) in early to advanced glaucoma. Primary open angle glaucoma patients (n = 46, mean ± SD age: 67 ± 10 years; VF mean deviation: −10.41 ± 6.76 dB) were included in this cross‐sectional study. We performed 30–2 standard automated perimetry OCT (3.5‐mm diameter ring scan) and 15°×15° OCT‐A (superficial vascular complex slab). Based on a nerve fiber trajectory model, each VF test spot was assigned to an OCT‐A wedge and an OCT ring‐sector. Two univariate linear models (Mv and Mt) using either CD‐based vascular (Mv) or RNFL‐T–based thickness information (Mt) and one multivariate model using both (Mv:t) were compared in their associations with measured focal VFD, which were higher for the multivariate model Mv:t (mean ± SD correlation coefficient: 0.710 ± 0.086) than for either nested model (0.627 ± 0.078 for Mv and 0.578 ± 0.095 for Mt). Using a focal visual field approach, the combination of RNFL‐T and CD showed better structure–function correlations than thickness or vascular information only.
Chemerin contributes to inflammatory responses and suppresses osteogenic differentiation in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Wang Xinling , Tang Yuejun , Xiao Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic periodontitis (CP) is a common disease of oral cavity, and approximately 35% of adults suffered from CP. Therefore, its underlying mechanism needs to be explored for new therapeutic approaches. Chemerin, as a multifunctional adipokine, is found to be highly expressed in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), gingival tissues and the plasma of periodontitis patients. Thus, we aimed to uncover the underlying mechanism of chemerin in CP.MethodsThirty six CP patients and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated from CP patients and healthy ones, respectively. Then, normal PDLSCs or PDLSCs‐differentiated osteoblasts were treated with different doses of recombinant human chemerin.ResultsChemerin and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, were higher in the GCF and serum of CP patients than healthy ones. Moreover, chemerin was positively correlated with these three inflammatory cytokines, respectively, in CP patients. PDLSCs isolated from CP patients had higher expressions of chemerin and these cytokines than the ones isolated from normal individuals. Furthermore, chemerin dose‐dependently increased inflammatory responses and inhibited osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.ConclusionChemerin accelerated inflammatory responses and suppressed osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, thus chemerin might sever as a therapeutic target of CP.
A transcriptional landscape underlying sugar import for grain set in maize
Authors: Shen Si , Ma Si , Chen Xian‐Min , Yi Fei , Li Bin‐Bin , Liang Xiao‐Gui , Liao Sheng‐Jin , Gao Li‐Hong , Zhou Shun‐Li , Ruan Yong‐Ling 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYDeveloping seed depends on sugar supply for its growth and yield formation. Maize (Zea mays L.) produces the largest grains among cereals. However, there is a lack of holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape of genes controlling sucrose transport to, and utilization within, maize grains. By performing in‐depth data mining of spatio‐temporal transcriptomes coupled with histological and heterologous functional analyses, we identified transporter genes specifically expressed in the maternal–filial interface, including (i) ZmSWEET11/13b in the placento‐chalazal zone, where sucrose is exported into the apoplasmic space, and (ii) ZmSTP3, ZmSWEET3a/4c (monosaccharide transporters), ZmSUT1, and ZmSWEET11/13a (sucrose transporters) in the basal endosperm transfer cells for retrieval of apoplasmic sucrose or hexoses after hydrolysis by extracellular invertase. In the embryo and its surrounding regions, an embryo‐localized ZmSUT4 and a cohort of ZmSWEETs were specifically expressed. Interestingly, drought repressed those ZmSWEETs likely exporting sucrose but enhanced the expression of most transporter genes for uptake of apoplasmic sugars. Importantly, this drought‐induced fluctuation in gene expression was largely attenuated by an increased C supply via controlled pollination, indicating that the altered gene expression is conditioned by C availability. Based on the analyses above, we proposed a holistic model on the spatio‐temporal expression of genes that likely govern sugar transport and utilization across maize maternal and endosperm and embryo tissues during the critical stage of grain set. Collectively, the findings represent an advancement towards a holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape underlying post‐phloem sugar transport in maize grain and indicate that the drought‐induced changes in gene expression are attributable to low C status.
Autoencoder-Based Anomaly Detection in Industrial X-ray Images
Authors: Lindgren Erik , Zach Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Within many quality-critical industries, e.g. the aerospace industry, industrial X-ray inspection is an essential as well as a resource intense part of quality control. Within such industries the X-ray image interpretation is typically still done by humans, therefore, increasing the interpretation automatization would be of great value. We claim, that safe automatic interpretation of industrial X-ray images, requires a robust confidence estimation with respect to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. In this work we have explored if such a confidence estimation can be achieved by comparing input images with a model of the accepted images. For the image model we derived an autoencoder which we trained unsupervised on a public dataset with X-ray images of metal fusion-welds. We achieved a true positive rate at 80–90% at a 4% false positive rate, as well as correctly detected an OOD data example as an anomaly.
Study on Pipeline Spanning Detection Using Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Xinjing Huang , Qian Chen , Jianyuan Zhao , Yutian Yan , Jian Li , Yu Zhang , Hao Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Subsea pipelines often lose foundation soil support due to ocean current erosion and form spanning. Spanning greatly increases the risk of pipeline fracture. When a subsea pipeline has spanning, it is often accompanied by characteristic changes in its pipe wall stress, pipeline deflection, and pitch angle. In turn, we can analyze the three parameters to get the spanning state of the pipeline.
Wherein, around using stress to detect pipeline spanning state, this paper carries out two parts of research work. (1) We conducted a stress analysis on the free-span pipeline. The results show that the stress distribution has a strong distinct relationship with the pipeline spanning state. (2) We proposed and developed a steel plate stress detection scheme based on the induced voltage method. The results show that the steel plate stress has a good linear relationship with the induced voltage of the receiving coil on its surface, and the sensitivity can reach 1mv/MPa. Therefore, the AC magnetic anisotropy measurement of stress can reliably identify the stress distribution of the spanning pipeline.