bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among the Libyan population
Authors: Elhadi Muhammed , Msherghi Ahmed , Khaled Ahmed , Alsoufi Ahmed , Alhadi Abdulmueti , Kareem Asraa , Ashini Aimen , Alsharif Tahani , Alhodiri Alarabi , Altaeb Emtenan , Hamed Mona , Itrunbah Ahmed , Mohmmed Soha , Alameen Hind , Idheiraj Hanadi , Shuwayyah Anshirah , Alhudhairy Sara , Alansari Arowa , Abraheem Wisam , Akl Hend , Nagib Taha , Almugaddami Ayman , Aljameel Basheer , Muamr Siba , Alsuwiyah Suhir , Alsghair Ateka , Soula Enas , Buzreg Anis , Alagelli Fatma , Aldireewi Abdulfatah , Bareem Ahmed , Alshareea Entisar , Gemberlo Asmhan , Zaid Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a potentially serious effect on mental health and increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders in people. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological illness and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Libyan population’s mental health.

Method
A cross-sectional survey, conducted in both online and paper modes and consisting of five sections, was completed in more than 30 cities and towns across Libya. The first section consisted of questions on basic demographic characteristics. The second section contained a survey related to the lockdown status, activities, related stress levels, and quarantine. The third section comprised the self-administered 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The fourth section contained the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the fifth section contained the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).

Result
Of the 31,557 respondents, 4,280 (13.6%) reported severe depressive symptoms, with a mean [standard deviation (SD)] PHQ-9 score of 8.32 (5.44); 1,767 (5.6%) reported severe anxiety symptoms, with a mean (SD) GAD-7 score of 6 (4.6); and 6,245 (19.8%) of the respondents reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a mean (SD) score of 15.3 (18.85). In multivariate analysis, young age, being female, unmarried, educated, or victims of domestic violence or abuse, work suspension during the pandemic, and having increased workload, financial issues, suicidal thoughts, or a family member with or hospitalized due to COVID-19 were significantly associated with a high likelihood of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as PTSD. Internal displacement due to civil war was also associated with PTSD.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and civil war in Libya. Further study on the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the mental disease burden on the Libyan population is warranted.
What would reduce caesarean section rates?—Views from pregnant women and clinicians in Ireland
Authors: Gallagher Louise , Smith Valerie , Carroll Margaret , Hannon Kathleen , Lawler Denise , Begley Cecily 
Published: April 2022

Background
Caesarean section rates continue to rise in most parts of the world. While CS is a lifesaving procedure there is evidence that, beyond a certain threshold, CS rates may contribute to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity. This study aimed to elicit the views of pregnant women’s and clinicians’ on how CS rates might be reduced.

Methods
Pregnant women and their partners, and clinicians working with pregnant women in a maternity hospital in the Republic of Ireland of Ireland, were invited to participate in focus groups. Eligibility criteria included all women attending antenatal classes and clinicians working with pregnant women. A convenience sample was used and interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four focus group interviews were conducted with 30 clinicians and 15 pregnant women and two partners participated in three focus groups. A further two women were interviewed individually. Participants expressed a view that rising CS rates were impacted by a societal perception that CS had become a ‘normal mode of birth’. Suggestions for reducing CS rates were offered by clinicians and pregnant women and their partners.

Conclusions
Clinicians and pregnant women consider that CS rates can be reduced if a shared philosophy supporting normal birth is prioritised alongside adequate resourcing. Women and their partners also believe that enhanced communication with clinicians is central to reducing CS rates.
Transient elastography score is elevated during rheumatoid factor-positive chronic hepatitis C virus infection and rheumatoid factor decline is highly variable over the course of direct-acting antiviral therapy
Authors: Auma Ann W. N. , Kowal Corinne , Shive Carey L. , Lange Alyssa , Damjanovska Sofi , Zebrowski Elizabeth , Reyes Elane , Calabrese Leonard , Kostadinova Lenche , Falck-Ytter Yngve , Mattar Maya , Anthony Donald D. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) levels and systemic immune activation are highly prevalent during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has been associated with normalization of various soluble immune activation parameters. Whether the RF levels relate to soluble immune activation markers during chronic HCV infection, and over what time frame RF levels normalize during and after DAA treatment is unknown and was investigated here.

Methods
In a longitudinal study, plasma and serum was obtained from HCV infected RF positive (RF+) and RF negative (RF-) participants. The levels of RF, HCV RNA and soluble markers of inflammation were determined before (week 0), during (weeks 4, 8 and 12) and after (week 24) treatment with HCV DAA therapy. In a subset of RF+ participants, the analysis was extended to over 70 weeks after therapy initiation. Hepatic and other clinical parameters were determined at baseline (week 0) in all participants.

Results
Before therapy, transient elastography (TE) score was greater in RF+ compared to RF- HCV infected participants, while the systemic levels of soluble inflammatory markers were comparable. Following DAA therapy initiation, HCV RNA levels became undetectable within 4 weeks in both the RF+ and RF- groups. RF levels declined in the first 6 months in most RF+ persons but most commonly remained positive. The levels of some soluble inflammatory markers declined, mainly within 4 weeks of DAA therapy start, in both the RF+ and RF- groups. The baseline (week 0) TE score correlated with RF levels before, during and after DAA therapy, while plasma IL-18 levels correlated with RF level after DAA therapy.

Conclusion
During chronic HCV infection, TE score is elevated in RF+ HCV infected individuals and factors other than HCV viremia (including liver stiffness or fibrosis and select markers of inflammation) likely contribute to persistence of RF after treatment of HCV with DAA.
Machine learning-based modeling of acute respiratory failure following emergency general surgery operations
Authors: Hadaya Joseph , Verma Arjun , Sanaiha Yas , Ramezani Ramin , Qadir Nida , Benharash Peyman 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEmergency general surgery (EGS) operations are associated with substantial risk of morbidity including postoperative respiratory failure (PRF). While existing risk models are not widely utilized and rely on traditional statistical methods, application of machine learning (ML) in prediction of PRF following EGS remains unexplored.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop ML-based prediction models for respiratory failure following EGS and compare their performance to traditional regression models using a nationally-representative cohort.MethodsNon-elective hospitalizations for EGS (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, repair of perforated ulcer, large or small bowel resection, lysis of adhesions) were identified in the 2016–18 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Factors associated with PRF were identified using ML techniques and logistic regression. The performance of XGBoost and logistic regression was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and coefficient of determination (R2). The impact of PRF on mortality, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs was secondarily assessed using generalized linear models.ResultsOf 1,003,703 hospitalizations, 8.8% developed PRF. The XGBoost model exhibited slightly superior discrimination compared to logistic regression (0.900, 95% CI 0.899–0.901 vs 0.894, 95% CI 0.862–0.896). Compared to logistic regression, XGBoost demonstrated excellent calibration across all risk levels (R2: 0.998 vs 0.962). Congestive heart failure, neurologic disorders, and coagulopathy were significantly associated with increased risk of PRF. After risk-adjustment, PRF was associated with 10-fold greater odds (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.8–11.1) of mortality and incremental increases in LOS by 3.1 days (95% CI 3.0–3.2) and $11,900 (95% CI 11,600–12,300) in costs.ConclusionsLogistic regression and XGBoost perform similarly in overall classification of PRF risk. However, due to superior calibration at extremes of risk, ML-based models may prove more useful in the clinical setting, where probabilities rather than classifications are desired.
Digital Transformation in Indonesian Healthcare
Authors: Pitaloka Ardanareswari Ayu , Nugroho Arief Priyo 
Published: April 2022

<p>Digital transformation in the health sector is a necessity. The context of a pandemic has indeed accelerated these transformations but experiencing some challenges. Using surface web searching and a systematic review of google scholar data, this manuscript tries to elaborate on Indonesian healthcare digital transformation. Digital transformation in healthcare services in Indonesia has several challenges in its development. Apart from legal and ethical issues, there are social, political, and cultural contexts that make existing transformations at risk of creating conflict relations in health services. It can be concluded, the benefits of digital transformation of health services need some mitigate conflicts potential. In order to improve access and quality, its risk potential should be reduced</p><p> </p>Keywords: digital transformation, digital healthcare, health apps, risk potential.
KONSUMSI MAKAN SIANG DAN JAJANAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA DAN STATUS GIZI GURU
Authors: Melani Vitria , Ronitawati Putri , Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Sitoayu Laras , Dewanti Lintang Purwara , Hayatunnufus Fadilatunnisa 
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang: Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas kerja guru yaitu makanan yang dikonsumsi dan status gizi. Konsumsi yang perlu diperhatikan adalah konsumsi makan siang dan jajanan.Tujuan: Menganalis hubungan konsumsi makan siang dan jajanan terhadap produktivitas kerja dan status gizi guruMetode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2021 di SMK Pelita Ciampea Bogor. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan melibatkan 75 orang guru sebagai responden. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi karakteristik responden (usia, jenis kelamin, Pendidikan terakhir, dan lama bekerja), asupan makan siang dan jajanan, produktivitas kerja, dan status gizi guru. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Rerata usia guru 40 tahun, sebagian besar berpendidikan sarjana, dan rata-rata lama bekerja selama 11 tahun. Sebagian besar guru belum memenuhi asupan makan siang dan jajanan sesuai kebutuhan yang dianjurkan. Sebagian besar guru memiliki produktivitas kerja yang sangat baik (86,7%). Sejumlah 48% guru mengalami gizi lebih, 46,7% gizi normal, dan 5,3% gizi kurang. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi makan siang dengan produktivitas kerja dan status gizi (p>0,05) Pada asupan jajanan, hanya konsumsi karbohidrat jajanan yang memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan produktivitas kerja (r=-0,259; p=0,025).Simpulan: Konsumsi karbohidrat dari jajanan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan produktivitas kerja guru. Semakin tinggi konsumsi karbohidrat dari jajanan, maka semakin rendah produktivitas kerja guru.
Disentangling the taxonomic status of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) populations inhabiting northern areas of La Rioja Province, Argentina
Authors: Tammone Mauro N. , Fariñas Torres Thamara , Ojeda Agustina A. , Chemisquy M. Amelia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Ctenomys population from Anillaco, La Rioja Province, Argentina has been the subject of detailed studies of circadian rhythms, vocalization, ecology and spatial dynamics. However, the taxonomy and systematics of this population as well as populations of Ctenomys inhabiting Andean areas of this province is unknown. In this study, we present the phylogenetic relationship of the “Anillaco tuco-tuco” as well as of two other populations of Ctenomys, all distributed in the northern portion of La Rioja Province, Argentina. Based on molecular analyses and morphological comparisons, we reached to the conclusion that the “Anillaco tuco-tuco” population corresponds to the species Ctenomys famosus. In addition, an undescribed species, member of the “mendocinus” lineage of Ctenomys, is recognized in the Andean portions of the province.
Structural characterization of sodium and potassium 3-nitrohydrogenphthalate coordination polymers
Authors: Jyai Rita N. , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structures and properties of two alkali metal 3-nitrohydrogenphthalates obtained by a 1:2 reaction of M2CO3 (M = K or Na) with 3-nitrophthalic acid (LH2) are reported. In the anhydrous potassium coordination polymer [K(LH)] (LH = 2-carboxy-3-nitrobenzoate) 1, the K+ cation is bonded to nine oxygen atoms from six symmetry related (LH)– ligands resulting in a distorted {KO9} coordination polyhedron. Five of the six oxygen atoms including a nitro oxygen atom of the crystallographically unique 2-carboxy-3-nitrobenzoate are involved in metal binding. The μ6-bridging mode of (LH)– places the K+ cations into the layers of the two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer. Each {KO9} polyhedron in 1 shares edges with two other polyhedra along the b and c axes. A low temperature structure redetermination of [Na(L#H)(H2O)3]·H2O (L#H = 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate) 2 has revealed that the (L#H)− anion is bonded to the Na+ cation in a monodentate fashion via the carbonyl oxygen atom of the –COOH group and two of the three unique aqua ligands exhibit a bridging bidentate mode stabilizing a chain polymer. The structure of compound 2 thus consists of chains of edge-sharing {NaO6} octahedra. Thermal decomposition of 1 or 2 results in the formation of metal carbonate residues.
A Neurodevelopmental Shift in Reward Circuitry from Mother's to Nonfamilial Voices in Adolescence
Authors: Abrams Daniel A. , Mistry Percy K. , Baker Amanda E. , Padmanabhan Aarthi , Menon Vinod 
Published: April 2022

The social worlds of young children primarily revolve around parents and caregivers, who play a key role in guiding children's social and cognitive development. However, a hallmark of adolescence is a shift in orientation toward nonfamilial social targets, an adaptive process that prepares adolescents for their independence. Little is known regarding neurobiological signatures underlying changes in adolescents' social orientation. Using functional brain imaging of human voice processing in children and adolescents (ages 7-16), we demonstrate distinct neural signatures for mother's voice and nonfamilial voices across child and adolescent development in reward and social valuation systems, instantiated in nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. While younger children showed greater activity in these brain systems for mother's voice compared with nonfamilial voices, older adolescents showed the opposite effect with increased activity for nonfamilial compared with mother's voice. Findings uncover a critical role for reward and social valuative brain systems in the pronounced changes in adolescents' orientation toward nonfamilial social targets. Our approach provides a template for examining developmental shifts in social reward and motivation in individuals with pronounced social impairments, including adolescents with autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChildren's social worlds undergo a transformation during adolescence. While socialization in young children revolves around parents and caregivers, adolescence is characterized by a shift in social orientation toward nonfamilial social partners. Here we show that this shift is reflected in neural activity measured from reward processing regions in response to brief vocal samples. When younger children hear their mother's voice, reward processing regions show greater activity compared with when they hear nonfamilial, unfamiliar voices. Strikingly, older adolescents show the opposite effect, with increased activity for nonfamilial compared with mother's voice. Findings identify the brain basis of adolescents' switch in social orientation toward nonfamilial social partners and provides a template for understanding neurodevelopment in clinical populations with social and communication difficulties.
Peculiarities of the electric resistivity behavior of R3(Ce,Nd,Sm)Cu4Sn4, R(Gd,Tb,Ho)NiSn2, DyNiSi, and DyNiSi3 compounds in magnetic fields
Authors: Kuzhel B. , Salamakha L. , Romaka L. , Belan B. , Dzevenko M. , Gladyshevskii R. 
Published: April 2022

The resistance of ternary intermetallic compounds, namely RE(Ce, Nd, Sm)3Cu4Sn4 (space group Immm), RE(Gd, Tb, Ho)NiSn2 and DyNiSi (space group Pnma) and DyNiSi3 (space group Cmmm), has been studied in the temperature range up to 0.3 K and magnetic field up to 12 Tl. The temperature dependencies of electrical resistivity evidently show the anomalies at low temperatures. The anomalies of resistance temperature dependencies observed at the absence of an external magnetic field, agree well with magnetic phase transitions. In the majority of the investigated compounds, an increase of the external magnetic field leads to an erosion of the peculiarities on the temperature dependency of resistivity, right up to complete disappearance. Such effect is caused by the corresponding magnetic order phase transitions. Magnetic field influence on the temperature dependency of resistance is treated as an influence on the magnitude of hybridization between (s-d) conductivity electrons and localized f-electrons including influence on change on the charge caries mobility due to a possible spin-compensated interaction. Electron transport properties expose peculiarities in dependency of different chemical environment vicinity in elementary cell of crystal lattice and of magnetic state of the compound.
Демократизація публічного управління: регіональний аспект
Authors: Starykova Ganna 
Published: April 2022

У статті визначено аспекти безпосередньої демократії, що забезпечує найповнішу участь народу в управлінні громадським життям у територіальних громадах. Предметом дослідження є органи місцевого самоврядування як основа становлення та розвитку демократизації, а об'єктом – становлення демократії в умовах розвитку правової держави. Мета – розкрити питання демократизації публічного управління на регіональному рівні та розробити заходи щодо вдосконалення громадської участі у вирішенні питань місцевого самоврядування.
Методологією вивчення проблеми є аналіз положень Конституції України, чинного законодавства, зіставлення думок вчених у досліджуваній сфері. На основі вивчених джерел зроблено наступний висновок: метою демократизації як механізму реалізації місцевого самоврядування є розвиток народовладдя, широке поширення проявів громадянської ініціативи, залученні мешканців територіальної громади до управління місцевими справами. Громадяни повинні бути забезпечені державою ефективними механізмами реалізації права на здійснення місцевого самоврядування у всьому його змісті, у всіх сферах місцевого життя.
Відзначено, що в сучасних умовах успішне функціонування інституту місцевого самоврядування є основним джерелом розвитку соціальної активності населення у вирішенні проблем територіальної громади, а стан та рівень цієї активності є основним показником ефективності діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування. Для цього було сформовано відповідні портрети громадян з та без активної громадянської позиції.
Обґрунтовано, що задля підвищення ефективності соціальної участі у питаннях місцевого самоврядування необхідно реалізувати такі заходи: вдосконалення законодавства; інформування громадян про можливості участі у питаннях місцевого значення; виховання через ЗМІ, заклади освіти; система акцій на рівні країни, регіонів, територіальних громад; створення на рівні країни в цілому, у кожному регіоні та територіальній громаді системи з виховання нових лідерів місцевого самоврядування; розробка рекомендацій для освіти щодо створення системи підтримки суспільних ініціатив; створення системи освіти для формування фахівців в сфері взаємодії з громадськістю, розробка модельних документів для освіти по роботі з громадськістю, створення ефективно працюючих ресурсних центрів; більш активне включення до процесу розвитку суспільної активності представників ЗМІ.
Стаття може мати практичну значущість у публічному управлінні, спрямована на розвиток місцевого самоврядування як форми публічної влади, підвищення участі громадян на регіональному рівні в активному політичному житті.
Regeneration and sustainable development of vernacular architecture
Authors: Cao Hui , Tamás Anna Mária , Sztranyák Gergely , Zhang Erqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vernacular architecture is the source of the historical development of architecture and the carrier of traditional culture. It is also the emotional sustenance of contemporary Chinese people’s beautiful homesickness. With the rapid expansion of urbanization in China, a widespread phenomenon of “hollow villages” has emerged in rural areas, and there are many abandoned rural buildings all over the countryside. Therefore, the protection and sustainable development of rural architecture are imminent. Based on the author’s rural construction project in China, this research integrates environmental psychology and architecture and tries to build a high-quality living environment, aiming to explore a new design strategy to meet the challenges in the future.