bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stacking sequences and longitudinal parameter on the dynamic characteristics of multilayer glass epoxy composite
Authors: Desai Saumil , Mehta Vishal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the current scenario, the structures made of composites are drawing attention due to their high spring rate, capacity to withstand high force, reinforcement and optimized mass. Up till now, several materials have been designed and manufactured. The components as well as structures made of these composite materials do expose to dynamic loading during their functions which leads to the failure of the respective component/structure. The dynamic characteristics depend on the material properties, physical dimension, no. of layers, orientation of the fibers and end conditions. Here an analysis is performed to determine the vibration characteristics of multilayer composite beams made of glass epoxy composite. The Cantilever boundary condition is considered. Ten layers are considered. Various stacking are considered with the different fiber orientations. The natural frequency of a multilayer composite beam is sensitive to the length and fiber orientations. As the length and number of layer increase, the natural frequency decreases. The natural frequency for fiber orientation at 900is minimum as compared to other fiber orientations irrespective of the length while the natural frequencies for the 00fiber orientation is more compared to other orientations for out of plane vibrations irrespective of the geometrical dimensions. The natural frequencies for other orientations are more compared to 00orientation for specific modes due to high stiffness in the torsional direction.
Modelling and Analysis of Magnesium-Fiber Composite Material for Aircraft Applications
Authors: Chauhan Nathi Ram , Khera Arhantika , Agarwal Shubhi , Bagri Mehak , Aggarwal Aditi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Weight to strength ratio of materials used in the aerospace industry is one of their most important characteristics. Thus, the low density of Magnesium alloys is making them surge as the most sought-after material in the field of aeronautics. Actually, the density of Magnesium alloys is only two third than that of Aluminium alloys. This asset creates an enormous opportunity in making aircraft structures of less weight. In addition to this, good machinability and castability is displayed by Magnesium alloys. Fiber Metal Laminates (FML), which are bound together through epoxy, are being used extensively inside the aircraft enterprise. In this illustration, two varieties of FML (fiber material between 2 layers of magnesium alloys of 2 mm thickness each) are studied. FML-1, which has carbon fiber sandwiched between magnesium alloy, and FML-2 which has Jute fiber sandwiched between magnesium alloy layers. The laminates are then analyzed in the software ANSYS for tensile and bending load systems. The FMLs are compared to basic model of Magnesium alloy having 6 mm thickness and the results are compared for three parameters: Total Deformation, Eq von mises strain, and Eq von mises stress. The investigation concluded that carbon FML performs best under Tensile load system, while FML made of jute fiber is best suited under Bending load system.
Topological and Reliable based selection of Inverter module for PV application under standard parameters of Cost and life-Span
Authors: Sharma Shivam , Kaur Gagandeep , Sharma Naveen K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the advancement in manufacturing and fabrication process, utilization of PV energy systems is increased throughout the globe which leads to the increase of research over lifespan and reliability index on an entire PV system. This increment results in low average manufacturing as well running costs of the entire PV system. The most important portion of the PV system apart from the PV module is the inverter unit which provides conversion and synchronization between the PV system and OLGS. With vast research carried over design as well controlling the architecture of Inverter, it becomes a tedious task to choose the optimal design based on the application area and capital cost. In this paper, we discuss issues faced by the inverter units on the platform of reliability and life span along with the suitable survey. Further to conclude the work result of Inverter unit connected to selected PV module when connected to OLGS.
Multidisciplinary avenues on the integration of industry 4.0 in the degree of mechanical engineering
Authors: Deshpande Mayank , Khandelwal Mayank , Singh Kunal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The world is moving towards Industry 4.0. There has been rapid growth in a different type of technologies being used in industries. Modern industries have been exploiting the digitalization of machines to increase efficiency and analyzing the data for various other purposes. Even though mechanical engineers and manufacturing move hand in hand, in this data-driven production era, mechanical engineers will have to adapt themselves to various other technologies from automation to data analytics for their efficient implementation. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for Industry 4.0, and also discusses how these technological advancements will assist mechanical engineers in various tasks like designing, machining, etc. The suggested framework covers the entire lifecycle from manufacturing to product deployment in the sense of Industry 4.0.
Smart Techniques for Fault Diagnosis in Power Transformer
Authors: Sharma Naveen Kumar , Bhalla Deepika , Manisha  , Kaur Kulraj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a power network installed transformers are among the most expensive equipment. Outage of a transformer causes substantial financial loss not only due to the cost involved in repair or replacement, but also due to loss of revenue until corrective action is taken. To avoid the financial and reliability loss in the past two decades the monitoring of in-service transformer health has become obligatory for the utilities. The tests that were earlier done were to assess the dame of permanent nature. However, it has been known for quite some time that system abnormalities, switching. Loading, ambient conditions contribute to accelerated aging that results in sudden failure or incipient faults. Monitoring the condition of in-service equipment can always reduce failure risk. For early detection of fault dissolved gas analysis, furan analysis and degree of polymerization are the recent techniques that are becoming prevalent. A real-time assessment of the transformer condition using these techniques is an important tool for enhancing system reliability.
Symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Wang Weihua , You Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a significant design principle for producing systems with high-quality (Q) factor states to enhance light–matter interactions. As a particular case, symmetry-protected BICs are flexible to be designed, commonly by utilizing two identical lossless dielectric elements. Herein, different from previous studies, we propose symmetry-protected BICs in a plasmonic structure of two contacting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), in which two GNRs are not identical and lossy. We show that BICs are achieved when two GNRs are perpendicular to each other, and as the vertical GNR deviates from the vertical direction (inversion symmetry breaking), it will evolve into quasi-BICs, with a new resonance dip appearing in the transmission spectrum. The spectrum curve can be well described by the coupled-mode theory, from which the variation of two fundamental states is clearly seen. Since in the presence of internal loss, the Q-factor of quasi-BICs does not follow the linear formula that is generally valid for symmetry-protected BICs. Alternatively, an extended formula is derived, which predicts exactly the behavior of the Q-factor of quasi-BICs. Besides BICs, the structure can also support plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) like effects, through rotating the vertical GNR to a particular angle. Therefore, a mechanically tunable switch, from BIC to PIT, is achieved here. Our work demonstrates an alternative scheme for BICs, and a new degree of freedom for tuning plasmonic coupling related effects.
Development of the PhysioVessel: a customizable platform for simulating physiological fluid resuscitation
Authors: Berard David , Vega Saul J , Torres Sofia I Hernandez , Polykratis I Amy , Salinas Jose , Ross Evan , Avital Guy , Boice Emily N , Snider Eric J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma situations. Developing solutions to automate hemorrhagic shock resuscitation may improve the outcomes for trauma patients. However, testing and development of automated solutions to address critical care interventions, oftentimes require extensive large animal studies for even initial troubleshooting. The use of accurate laboratory or in-silico models may provide a way to reduce the need for large animal datasets. Here, a tabletop model, for use in the development of fluid resuscitation with physiologically relevant pressure-volume responsiveness for high throughput testing, is presented. The design approach shown can be applied to any pressure-volume dataset through a process of curve-fitting, 3D modeling, and fabrication of a fluid reservoir shaped to the precise curve fit. Two case studies are presented here based on different resuscitation fluids: whole blood and crystalloid resuscitation. Both scenarios were derived from data acquired during porcine hemorrhage studies, used a pressure-volume curve to design and fabricate a 3D model, and evaluated to show that the test platform mimics the physiological data. The vessels produced based on data collected from pigs infused with whole blood and crystalloid were able to reproduce normalized pressure-volume curves within one standard deviation of the porcine data with mean residual differences of 0.018 and 0.016, respectively. This design process is useful for developing closed-loop algorithms for resuscitation and can simplify initial testing of technologies for this life-saving medical intervention.
Changes in US background ozone associated with the 2011 turnaround in Chinese NOx emissions
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Neu Jessica L , Osterman Greg , Bowman Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Assessing the effectiveness of surface ozone air quality regulations is complicated by non-local sources and inhibited by sparse in situ observational networks. Here, we harness satellite measurements of ozone and its precursors over Asia to identify the Asian contribution to background ozone over the United States (US) from 2006-2016 using a state-of-the-art chemical data assimilation system. Our results indicate that Chinese NOx emissions reached an apex in 2011, increasing daily average ozone concentrations over Los Angeles by up to 3.8 ppb at 750 hPa and 0.7 ppb at the surface in 2012 relative to 2006, with somewhat larger impacts in the high altitude regions of the Western US (assuming constant VOC emissions). Decreasing Chinese NOx emissions after 2011 contributed to a reduction of similar magnitude in Western US background ozone from 2012-2016. We also assess the impact of direct assimilation of satellite-based tropospheric ozone profile measurements over Asia and find that it substantially modifies global ozone, including US surface concentrations. These results suggest that measurements of both ozone and its precursors over Asia play a substantial role in evaluating not only local but also global air quality. The simultaneous assimilation of ozone and its precursors proffers a powerful way to constrain the vertical profile of ozone and improve understanding of ozone variations. In the future, a more extensive satellite observing system has great potential to better constrain both local pollution and background ozone globally when employed in conjunction with chemical data assimilation.
Reduced recombination through CZTS/CdS interface engineering in monograin layer solar cells
Authors: Kauk-Kuusik M , Timmo K , Muska K , Pilvet M , Krustok J , Danilson M , Mikli V , Josepson R , Grossberg-Kuusk M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells is still limited by deep defects, low minority carrier lifetime and high recombination rates at the CZTS/CdS interface. The objective of this study was to find an effective method to reduce interface recombination of CZTS monograin layer solar cells. A two-step heterojunction formation process was applied by controlling the intermixing of Cd and Cu in the CZTS/CdS interface, which resulted in improved device efficiency of up to 11.7%. Surface analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed Cd diffusion into the surface of CZTS after CdS air-annealing by forming an ultra-thin Cu2Zn
x
Cd1−x
SnS4 layer. Moreover, external quantum efficiency measurements showed that the absorption edge shifts to longer wavelengths with the addition of Cd into the CZTS surface layer. This surface modification and replacement of a CdS:Cu buffer layer by fresh CdS greatly reduced the interface recombination and improved the junction quality, contributing to an enhancement of J
SC ∼3 mA cm−2 (from 20.5 to 23.6 mA cm−2) and fill factor ∼14% (from 59.4% to 67.7%). The serial resistance of the CZTS monograin layer solar cells was significantly reduced from 2.4 Ω cm2 to 0.67 Ω cm2. To understand the electrical behavior of the highest-efficiency CZTS monograin layer solar cell in more detail, the temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics were analyzed.
Doing and allowing good
Authors: Unruh Charlotte Franziska 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many people think that the moral reason against doing harm is stronger than the moral reason against allowing harm. What should these people think about doing and allowing good? I address this question by distinguishing two ways of understanding the doing/allowing distinction. The agency view implies that the moral reason for doing good is stronger than the moral reason for allowing good. The imposition view implies that the moral reason against preventing good is stronger than the moral reason against failing to do good. I defend the imposition view and explore its implications for the comparative strength of harm-based and benefit-based reasons.
Evaluating performance of existing computational models in predicting CD8+ T cell pathogenic epitopes and cancer neoantigens
Authors: Buckley Paul R , Lee Chloe H , Ma Ruichong , Woodhouse Isaac , Woo Jeongmin , Tsvetkov Vasily O , Shcherbinin Dmitrii S , Antanaviciute Agne , Shughay Mikhail , Rei Margarida , Simmons Alison , Koohy Hashem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
T cell recognition of a cognate peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) presented on the surface of infected or malignant cells is of the utmost importance for mediating robust and long-term immune responses. Accurate predictions of cognate pMHC targets for T cell receptors would greatly facilitate identification of vaccine targets for both pathogenic diseases and personalized cancer immunotherapies. Predicting immunogenic peptides therefore has been at the center of intensive research for the past decades but has proven challenging. Although numerous models have been proposed, performance of these models has not been systematically evaluated and their success rate in predicting epitopes in the context of human pathology has not been measured and compared. In this study, we evaluated the performance of several publicly available models, in identifying immunogenic CD8+ T cell targets in the context of pathogens and cancers. We found that for predicting immunogenic peptides from an emerging virus such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, none of the models perform substantially better than random or offer considerable improvement beyond HLA ligand prediction. We also observed suboptimal performance for predicting cancer neoantigens. Through investigation of potential factors associated with ill performance of models, we highlight several data- and model-associated issues. In particular, we observed that cross-HLA variation in the distribution of immunogenic and non-immunogenic peptides in the training data of the models seems to substantially confound the predictions. We additionally compared key parameters associated with immunogenicity between pathogenic peptides and cancer neoantigens and observed evidence for differences in the thresholds of binding affinity and stability, which suggested the need to modulate different features in identifying immunogenic pathogen versus cancer peptides. Overall, we demonstrate that accurate and reliable predictions of immunogenic CD8+ T cell targets remain unsolved; thus, we hope our work will guide users and model developers regarding potential pitfalls and unsettled questions in existing immunogenicity predictors.
Role of yoga in managing the consequences of work stress—a review
Authors: K. N. Harini , Nilkantham Savithri 
Published: March 2022

Summary
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature on the role of yoga in managing the consequences of work stress to examine the current body of knowledge in this field and to provide directions for future research in this domain. A comprehensive literature search of 14 databases using 12 different search term combinations in the area of ‘yoga and work stress’ was carried out till the period January 2022 following the PRISMA guidelines to select the relevant English-language peer-reviewed SCImago Ranked articles for review. Two broad classification areas were considered to understand the research question of interest in this study: (i) consequences of work stress [which includes—(a) behavioural; (b) physical; and (c) psychological] and; (ii) schools of thought in yoga for work stress management [which includes—(a) Hatha yoga (HY); (b) Vini yoga (VY); (c) Dru yoga (DY); (d) Integrated yoga (IY); (e) Kundalini yoga (KUY); (f) Kripalu yoga (KRY); (g) Iyengar yoga; (h) Ashtanga yoga (AY); (i) Power yoga (PY); and (j) Yoga (General)]. The main contribution of this study is that it is the first of its kind comprehensive review in the area of ‘yoga and its role in managing the consequences of work stress’ collating the dispersed knowledge in this area by indicating the various understudied stand-alone and combined consequences of work stress and the less researched schools of thought in yoga and yoga practices administered to manage these consequences of work stress, to provide promising avenues for further examination for the development of this research field.
We have reached a dead end for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy
Authors: Gleicher Norbert , Barad David H , Patrizio Pasquale , Orvieto Raoul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hypothesis of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) was first proposed 20 years ago, suggesting that during IVF elimination of aneuploid embryos prior to transfer will improve implantation rates of remaining embryos and, therefore, increase pregnancy and live birth rates, while also reducing miscarriages. Subsequently, unvalidated and increasingly unrestricted clinical utilization of PGT-A called for at least one properly randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess cumulative live birth rates following a single oocyte retrieval, utilizing all fresh and frozen embryos of an IVF cycle. Only recently two such RCTs were published, however both, when properly analysed, not only failed to demonstrate significant advantages from utilization of PGT-A, but actually demonstrated outcome deficits in comparison to non-use of PGT-A, when patient selection biases in favour of PGT-A were reversed. Moreover, because of high embryo mosaicism at the blastocyst stage and, therefore, high false-positive rates from trophectoderm biopsies, large numbers of chromosomal-normal embryos with normal pregnancy potential are unnecessarily left unused or discarded, indisputably causing harm to affected couples. We, therefore, strongly call for restricting PGT-A to only research protocols and, as of this point in time, encourage professional societies in the field to follow suit with appropriate practice guidelines.
The Viability of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Grafts after Cryopreservation Does Not Predict Delayed Engraftment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Fadeyi Emmanuel , Mamo Yafet T , Saha Amit K , Wilson Emily , Pomper Gregory 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, more peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) allogeneic grafts are being frozen and infused thawed. Our objective was to study the influence of graft viability on engraftment outcome in patients treated with PBSCs.MethodsUsing trypan blue stain, we compared total nucleated cell (TNC) viability of both fresh and thawed grafts in allogeneic PBSCs.ResultsThe viability of thawed PBSC grafts median was 74%, and fresh was 99.0%. The median number of CD34 + cells/kg infused thawed was 6.3 × 106/kg and median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 17.5 and 20 days. Median number of CD34 + cells/kg infused fresh was 5.1 × 106/kg and median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 18 and 19 days. There were no statistically significant differences in the time to engraftment between the 2 groups.ConclusionA low TNC viability of thawed PBSC grafts does not have an effect on time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment when more than 2.85 × 106 CD34 + cells/kg are infused.
Game equivalence and expressive power of game description languages: a bisimulation approach
Authors: Jiang Guifei , Perrussel Laurent , Zhang Dongmo , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yuzhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBisimulations are a key notion to study the expressive power of a modal language. This paper studies the expressivity of Game Description Language (GDL) and its epistemic extension Epistemic GDL (EGDL) through a bisimulation approach. We first define a notion of bisimulation for GDL and prove that it coincides with the indistinguishability of GDL formulas. Based on it, we establish a characterization of the definability of GDL in terms of $k$-bisimulations. Then we design novel notions of bisimulation for EGDL and obtain characterizations of the expressive power of EGDL in terms of them. These characterizations provide a powerful tool to identify the expressive power of game description languages. Finally, we demonstrate with real games that bisimulation can be generalized to capture a wide range of game equivalence.