bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air pollution and CHD-related hospital visits in Beijing, China: time-series analysis using a generalized additive model
Authors: Gao Yuan , Sheng Weixuan , Yang Yongtao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate correlations between environmental and meteorological factors and frequency of presentation for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Beijing.Methods Daily measurements of levels of six atmospheric pollutants were made, data relating to meteorological conditions collected and CHD-related outpatient visits recorded from January 2015 to December 2019 in Beijing. A time-series analysis was made, using a generalized additive model with Poisson distribution, and R 3.6.3 software was used to estimate relationships among levels of atmospheric pollutants, ambient temperature and visits occasioned by CHD. Results were controlled for time-dependent trend, other weather variables, day of the week and holiday effects. RStudio software was used to generate Spearman correlation coefficients in descriptive statistical analysis. Lag-response curves were plotted for specific and incremental cumulative effects of relative risk (RR). The aim was to correlate meteorological-environmental factors and the daily number of CHD-related hospital visits and to quantify the degree of correlation to identify any pathological associations.. Response diagrams and three-dimensional diagrams of predicted exposure lag effects were constructed in order to evaluate relationships among the parameters of air pollution，temperature and daily CHD visits. The fitted model was employed to predict the lag RR and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for specific and incremental cumulative effects of random air pollutants at random concentrations. This model may then be used to predict effects on the outcome variable at any concentration of any defined pollutant, giving flexibility for public health purposes.Results The overall lag-response RR curves for the specific cumulative effects of the pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2, were statistically significant and for PM2.5, PM10, CO and NO2, the overall lag-response RR curves for the incremental cumulative effect were statistically significant. When PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 concentrations were above threshold values and the temperature was below 45°F (reference value 70°F), the number of CHD-related hospital visits increased with a time lag effect.Conclusion Elevated PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 concentrations in the atmosphere combined and low ambient temperature increased the risk of CHD with a time lag effect.
Impact assessment of crude oil mix, electricity generation mix and vehicle technology on road freight emission reduction in China
Authors: Jiang Zhijuan , Yan Rui , Gong Zaiwu , Guan Gaofeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to achieve net zero emissions, the global transportation sector needs to reduce emissions by 90% from 2020 to 2050, and road freight has a significant potential to reduce emissions. In this context, emission reduction paths should be explored for road freight over the fuel life cycle. Based on panel data from 2015 to 2020 in China, China's version of the GREET model was established to evaluate the impact of the crude oil mix, electricity mix, and vehicle technology on China's reduction in road freight emissions. The results show that the import share of China's crude oil has increased from 2015 to 2020, resulting in an increase in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of ICETs in the well-to-tank (WTT) stage by 7.3% in 2020 compared with 2015. Second, the share of China's coal-fired electricity in the electricity mix decreased from 2015 to 2020, reducing the GHG emission intensity of battery electric trucks (BETs), which is approximately 6.5% lower in 2020 than in 2015. Third, different vehicle classes and types of BETs and fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs) have different emission reduction effects, and their potential for energy-saving and emission reduction at various stages of the fuel lifecycle are different. In addition, in a comparative study of the vehicle technology, the results show that: (1) for medium-duty truck (MDT) and heavy-duty truck (HDT), FCETs have lower GHG emission intensity than BETs, and replacing diesel-ICETs can significantly reduce GHG emissions from road freight; (2) for light-duty truck (LDT), BETs and FCETs have the highest GHG emission reduction potential; thus, improving technologies such as electricity generation, hydrogen fuel production, hydrogen fuel storage, and transportation will help to improve the emission reduction capabilities of BETs and FCETs. Therefore, policymakers should develop emission standards for road freight based on vehicle class, type, and technology.
Proof-of-principle studies on a strategy to enhance nucleotide imbalance specifically in cancer cells
Authors: Lain Sonia , Alkasalias Twana , Zhang Juan , Madapura Harsha , Dalaroun Basile , Reina Oscar Bedoya , Lewensohn Rolf , Viktorsson Kristina , Salihi Abbas , Darekar Suhas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Highly specific and potent inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an essential enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis pathway, are in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases, viral infections and cancer. However, because DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are immunosuppressants they may reduce the anticancer activity of the immune system. Therefore, there may be a need to improve the therapeutic index of DHODHi in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to find strategies to protect activated T cells from DHODHi and to identify cancer types hypersensitive to these inhibitors. First, we observed that like uridine supplementation, adding cytidine to the culture medium protects T cells from DHODH blockage. Next, we identified tumor types with altered expression of pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis enzymes. In this regard, we detected that the expression of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which converts cytidine into uridine, is low in an important proportion of cancer cell lines and consistently low in neuroblastoma samples and in cell lines from neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. This suggested that in the presence of a DHODHi, an excess of cytidine would be deleterious for low CDA expressing cancer cell lines. We show that this was the case (as could be seen almost immediately after treatment) when cells were cultured with fetal bovine serum but, was significantly less evident when cultures contained human serum. One interesting feature of CDA is that aside from acting intracellularly, it is also present in human plasma/serum. Altogether, experiments using recombinant CDA, human serum, pharmacologic inhibition of CDA and T cell/cancer cell co-cultures suggest that the therapeutic index of DHODHi could be improved by selecting patients with low-CDA expressing cancers in combination with strategies to increase cytidine or the cytidine/uridine ratio in the extracellular environment. Collectively, this proof-of-principle study warrants the discovery of agents to deplete extracellular CDA.
Role of father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and father’s work hours in social-emotional behavioral outcomes of children in the Pakistani cultural context
Authors: khawaja maham , Malik Tamkeen Ashraf , Masood-ul-Hassan Samara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationship between father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and social-emotional behaviors of children in the collectivistic, patriarchal societal context of Pakistan. The study is a correlational study that was conducted on children and adolescents ages 4-17. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data from 160 fathers, who gave information about their involvement in child-rearing activities, co-parenting relationship quality with their wives, and child social-emotional behaviors. The results indicated that father involvement has a negative correlation (r= .11; P= .07) with child problem behaviors, and a significant positive correlation with child pro-social behaviors (r= .15; P= .04). Whereas, co-parenting relationship quality had a significant negative correlation of (r= .30; P=.00) with child problem behaviors and a significant positive correlation of (r= .29; P=.00) with child pro-social behaviors. Results of the moderated mediational analysis showed that co-parenting relationship quality does not mediate the relationship (B= .014, p= .74) between father involvement and child pro-social behavior, but working hours of father do moderate the relationship (B= .014, p= .02). In conclusion, it can be stated that flexibility in the work hours of fathers and helping them be involved with their families can aid the healthy development of children and families in Pakistan.
Single planar photonic chip with tailored angular transmission for multiple-order analog spatial differentiator
Authors: Liu Yang , Huang Mingchuan , Chen Qiankun , Zhang Douguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Analog spatial differentiation is used to realize edge-based enhancement, which plays an important role in data compression, microscopy, and computer vision applications. Here, a planar chip made from dielectric multilayers is proposed to operate as both first- and second-order spatial differentiator without any need to change the structural parameters. Third- and fourth-order differentiations that have never been realized before, are also experimentally demonstrated with this chip. A theoretical analysis is proposed to explain the experimental results, which furtherly reveals that more differentiations can be achieved. Taking advantages of its differentiation capability, when this chip is incorporated into conventional imaging systems as a substrate, it enhances the edges of features in optical amplitude and phase images, thus expanding the functions of standard microscopes. This planar chip offers the advantages of a thin form factor and a multifunctional wave-based analogue computing ability, which will bring opportunities in optical imaging and computing.
The effect of chitosan-assembled graphene oxide on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposites
Authors: Shahsavar Fahimeh , Babaei Amir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study explores the effect of chitosan-assembled graphene oxide on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposites. To this end, firstly, CS-assembled graphene oxide sheets were synthesized, subsequently, the effect of the addition of various amounts of GO-CS nanohybrid and also GO sheets on the rheological, and mechanical performance of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposites was investigated. It was observed that the incorporation of GO sheets caused dual roles based on the amount of addition: the motion-limiting role and the lubricating role. Additionally, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PCL nanocomposite films containing GO-CS nanohybrid and GO sheets increased as compared to pure PCL while its influence in terms of elongation at break was the opposite. Chitosan assembly to conventional nanoparticles (e.g., GO) was found as an interesting approach for the simultaneous enhancement of mechanical performance and processability of polymer matrices for a vast range of applications, especially in packaging and tissue engineering.
Morphometry of Neogene mass transport deposits of the continental slopes of Cabo Frio High, frontier region of Santos and Campos basins
Authors: Dionisio Giuliana , Pandolpho Bruna Teixeira , Klein Antonio Henrique Fontoura , Machado Arthur Antônio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines the pattern and dimensions of Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs). Multichannel seismic samples data was used for describing the morphology of MTDs as well as the morphometric architecture and genesis of deposits. The study area is dominated by the strong halokinesis and flow of the Brazil Current and in between the Campos and Santos Basins (SW Atlantic upper slope). Results show that this area presents mass transport deposits over single and multiple events (i.e., Mass Transport Complex) deposited since the Neogene and extended throughout an area of nearly 68 km2. The majority of the MTDs are characterized by chaotic and/or transparent internal seismic facies, which it is interpreted as signs of slumps and debris flow deposits. Also, the combination of morphometric parameters and local geological controls allowed us to recognize the possible triggers. Although it cannot determine the exact triggering mechanisms, these deposits are related to local gravitational instabilities such as seismicity and diapir reactivation.
Epigenome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Prenatal Maternal Stressful Life Events and Newborn DNA Methylation
Authors: Brunst Kelly , Ruehlmann Anna K , Sammallahti Sara , Hidalgo Andrea P Cortes , Bakulski Kelly , Binder Elisabeth , Campbell Meghan , Caramaschi Doretta , Cecil Charlotte , Colicino Elena , Cruceanu Cristiana , Czamara Darina , Dieckmann Linda , Dou John , Felix Janine , Frank Josef , Haberg Siri , Herberth Gunda , Hoang Thanh , Houtepan Lotte , Huels Anke , Koen Nastassja , London Stephanie , Magnus Maria , Mancano Giulia , Mulder Rosa , Page Christian , Räikkönen Katri , Roder Stefan , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Send Tabea , Sharp Gemma , Stein Dan , Streit Fabian , Tuhkanen Johanna , Witt Stephanie , Zar Heather , Zenclussen Ana , Zhang Yining , Zillich Lea , Wright Rosalind , Lahti Jari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prenatal maternal stressful life events are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Biologic mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, but DNA methylation likely plays a role. This meta-analysis included twelve datasets from ten pregnancy cohorts (N=5,496) within the international Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium to examine maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and DNA methylation in cord blood. Children whose mothers reported higher levels of cumulative maternal stressful life events during pregnancy exhibited differential methylation of cg26579032 in ALKBH3. Stressor-specific domains of conflict with family/friends, abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), and death of a close friend/relative were also associated with differential methylation of CpGs in APTX, MyD88, and both UHRF1 and SDCCAG8, respectively; these genes are implicated in neurodegeneration, immune and cellular functions, regulation of global methylation levels, metabolism, and schizophrenia risk. Thus, differences in DNA methylation at these loci may provide novel insights into potential mechanisms of neurodevelopment in offspring.
Titanium Mesh Scaffolding Iliac Crest Bone Grafts to Reconstruct Unilateral Large-Sized Mandibular Contour Defects: A New Approach of an Old Concept
Authors: Al-Watary Mohammed Qasem , He Yingyou , Wang Peng , Chu Yuxian , Wang Yu , Li Jihua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives The reconstruction of unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects with no loss of continuity and good occlusion has been a challenge. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of using patient-specific titanium mesh scaffolding avascular pure iliac bone graft in reconstructing these defects.Materials and Methods From December 2017 to December 2020, thirteen patients with unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects treated in Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery Center of West China Stomatology Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patient-specific titanium meshes and mandible models were designed and manufactured by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing based on reverse engineering after mirroring the unaffected mandibular side. Linear and angular measurements comparing preoperative and postoperative mandibular CT scans were used to analyze the symmetries of mandibular contour postoperatively.Results The measurements showed satisfactory 3D symmetries of mandibular contour with significant improvement of the facial symmetry as a whole compared to the preoperative status of all participating patients.Conclusion Titanium mesh scaffolding iliac crest bone graft is a successful and feasible combination for reconstructing unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects. Clinical Relevance This approach can be added to surgeons’ armamentarium improving the reconstruction outcomes that will improve patients’ quality of life.Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic study
Multilayer composite Ti-6Al-4V/Cp-Ti alloys produced by Laser Direct energy Deposition
Authors: Gushchina Marina , Kuzminova Yulia O. , Dubinin Oleg N. , Evlashin Stanislav A. , Vildanov Arthur M. , Klimova-Korsmik Olga G. , Turichin Gleb A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Titanium alloys are one of the most used materials in the medicine, aviation and automotive industry. However, Ti-alloys usually possess poor impact characteristics. One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is to develop graded materials with different mechanical characteristics in different layers. Herein, мultilayer titanium composite comprising alternating Ti-6Al-4V and Cp-Ti layers were produced by laser direct energy deposition. The impact toughness, layer microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. Multilayer composites were heat treated using temperatures 800, 850, 900 ℃. The influence of the sample orientation on the total energy of fracture, the energy of crack initiation and the energy of crack propagation was analyzed. The results, which show a change in multilayer composites impact strength, are attributed to the influence on ductile Cp-Ti layers and fracture energy dissipation at the expense of crack deviation while crossing the interfaces. The results of mechanical tests show the intermediate strength and ductility of composite material in comparison with homogeneous materials of Ti-6Al-4V and Cp-Ti. The developed material demonstrates a practical interest in the development of new types of materials with improved impact loads.
Anatomy of the buccal fat pad for structures at risk during bichatectomy
Authors: Moreno-Salinas Andrea , Treviño-González José Luis , Casas-Murillo Claudio A , Aguilar-Morales Kouatzin , Pinales-Razo Ricardo , Parra-Marquez Miguel De La , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , Guzman-Lopez Santos , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the volume of the buccal fat pad (BFP), and its relationship with the upper 2nd molar and the facial artery (FA). Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study. Computed tomography was used to obtain 3D images to determine volume, length, and width. Distances from the 2nd molar to each extension, and the nearest distance to the FA. Results: A total of 106 BFP (70 male) were included. The mean age was 51±21. The mean volume, length, and width were 13.8±5.4mL, 72.9±10.7mm, and 21.4±5.6mm, respectively. The BFP extends mainly cephalic and caudally from the second molar, reaching upto 8.5 cm and 32mL. The mean distance between the second molar and FA was 12.9mm, but as close as 3mm. The FA had a mean distance of 2.1mm to the nearest BFP extension, with 42.5% in intimate contact, and another 9.4% crossing the center of the masseter extension. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. Conclusions: The BFP has a dynamic shape with highly variable size and volume. Although removed for cosmetic procedures or reconstructive purposes, the FA is often at risk of damage during procedures due to its proximity. Procedures must be performed by highly trained medical professionals with anatomical knowledge of its morphometry and variability.
Characteristics of proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with postoperative vitreous hemorrhage after small-gauge vitrectomy
Authors: Zhao Meng , Chandra Aman , Xu Jun , Li Jipeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The role of anticoagulation or antiplatelet on post vitrectomy vitreous hemorrhage (POVH) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is rarely investigated in small-gauge vitrectomy era. We investigate the relationship between long-term use of those medications and post vitrectomy POVH in a group of PDR patients.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a group of PDR patients who underwent small-gauge vitrectomy in our center. The baseline data on diabetes, diabetic complications, anticoagulation or antiplatelet medications, ocular findings, and vitrectomy details were collected. The occurrence of POVH was recorded during the first three-month follow-up. Factors related to POVH were analyzed using logistic analysis.Results: During a median follow-up of 16 weeks, 5% (11/220) patients had persistent vitreous hemorrhage. Among 75 patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy, 34 patients were on aspirin, 5 were on heparin, 1 was on dabigatran, 15 were on dual antiplatelet therapy, and 7 were on combined therapy. The occurrence of POVH was not different between patients whose previous therapy was adjusted and whose was continued (0/22, 11/53, p=0.06).Factors related to persistent POVH were the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents (5.98, 1.75-20.45, p=0.004), the presence of myocardial revascularization (130.65, 3.53-4834.50, p=0.08), the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with medicine (56.52, 1.99–1604.06, p=0.018), and younger age (0.86, 0.77-0.96, p=0.012)..Conclusions: We identified long-term use of anticoagulation or antiplatelet medication, the presence of CAD, and younger age as three independent factors related to POVH. In PDR patients on long-term antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications, particular attention should be given to controlling intraoperative bleeding, and follow-up for POVH should be scheduled.
Research on hydroforming of 5A06 aluminum alloy semi-ellipsoid shell with differential thickness
Authors: Mo Chen , Xu Yongchao , Yuan Shijian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the purpose of eliminating the annular welding seam of welding structures with a differential thickness, a hydroforming method with a flexible auxiliary plate was proposed to form an integrated semi-ellipsoid shell with a differential thickness. A 5A06 aluminum alloy plate with a radial differential thickness combined with a polyurethane plate was applied to form the integrated shell. The circular 5A06 aluminum alloy plate with a radial differential thickness was designed with a thin thickness in the middle and a thick thickness in the periphery. In the forming process of plates with a differential thickness, concentrated deformation and fracture may occur in the thin zone. According to the size of the target specimen, the testing plates were obtained by mechanical processing with two types of thickness ratios. Further, by means of deep drawing experiments, the thickness and strain of the drawn specimens were analyzed under different thickness ratios and hydraulic pressure. Compared to conventional deep drawing, the formability of 5A06 aluminum alloy plates with a differential thickness can be effectively improved by hydroforming. Under the hydraulic pressure of 10 MPa, the integrated semi-ellipsoid shells with the thickness ratios of 2/3 and 1/2 were obtained with the maximum thinning ratio of 8.5% and 10.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the increased hydraulic pressure can effectively reduce the maximum thinning ratio of the thin zone, and further the superior uniformity of thickness distribution can be achieved.