bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically activated Co-Prussian blue analogue derived amorphous CoB nanostructures: an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tripathy Rajat K. , Samantara Aneeya K. , Behera J. N. 
Published: January 2022

A series of cobalt borides (CoBs) have been prepared by reducing the Co-PBA with NaBH4 coupled with annealing in the temperature range of 300 °C to 650 °C. After electrochemical activation in alkaline medium, CoB@300 catalyses the OER efficiently.
Simple inorganic base promoted polycyclic construction using mucohalic acid as a C3 synthon: synthesis and AIE probe application of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Zhi-Xi , Zhou Yong-Jun , Chen Qi , Yu Shi-Wei , Luo Shi-He , Wang Zhao-Yang 
Published: January 2022

Using mucohalic acid as C3 synthon via a transition metal-free multicomponent reaction, an eco-friendly protocol to synthesize C1-functionalized benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines which can be applied as fluorescence probe for picric acid is described.
Multiple current amplifier‐based gate driving for parallel operation of discrete SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Aretxabaleta Iker , Martínez de Alegría Iñigo , Garate Jose Ignacio , Ugalde Unai , Martín José Luis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe shorter switching times of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs enable power converters to operate at higher frequencies than with silicon IGBTs. However, because SiC MOSFET die sizes are still relatively small, several devices have to be connected in parallel to cope with the high current ratings demanded. For the total current to be evenly distributed among all the MOSFETs, the gate circuit and power layout must meet stringent symmetry requirements. However, space limitations on the circuit surface hinders the achievement of full symmetries on both the power and gate layouts because they constrain one another. This paper proposes a solution for safely paralleling discrete SiC MOSFETs while decoupling the gate and power layout designs. It requires placing one BJT‐based fast current amplifier as close as possible to each MOSFET rather than using just one to feed all the MOS gates. This reduces the noise in the received gating signals and, more importantly, reduces the sensitivity of driver‐gate path geometric / electric mismatches. This makes it possible to safely relax the symmetry requirements for the gating circuitry, thereby providing designers with more freedom to achieve better symmetry in the power layout.
The effect of spiral arms on the Sérsic photometry of galaxies
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

Context.The Sérsic profile is a widely used model for describing the surface brightness distribution of galaxies. Spiral galaxies, however, are qualitatively different from a Sérsic model.Aims.The goal of this study is to assess how accurately the total flux and half-light radius of a galaxy with spiral arms can be recovered when fitted with a Sérsic profile.Methods.I selected a sample of bulge-dominated galaxies with spiral arms. Using photometric data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, I estimated the contribution of the spiral arms to their total flux. Then I generated simulated images of galaxies with similar characteristics, fitted them with a Sérsic model, and quantified the error on the determination of the total flux and half-light radius.Results.Spiral arms can introduce biases on the photometry of galaxies in a way that depends on the underlying smooth surface brightness profile, the location of the arms, and the depth of the photometric data. A set of spiral arms accounting for 10% of the flux of a bulge-dominated galaxy typically causes the total flux and the half-light radius to be overestimated by 15% and 30%, respectively. This bias, however, is much smaller if the galaxy is disk-dominated.Conclusions.Galaxies with a prominent bulge and a non-zero contribution from spiral arms are the most susceptible to biases in the total flux and half-light radius when fitted with a Sérsic profile. If photometric measurements with high accuracy are required, then measurements over finite apertures are to be preferred over global estimates of the flux.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Our Experience of Consecutive 50 Cases at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Vemula Ramesh Chandra Venkata , Prasad BCM , Kumar Kunal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of the various neurosurgical pathologies where endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was used and to evaluate the outcome and prognosis.
Methods The retrospective data collection was done for the patients who underwent ETV with or without other adjunct procedures; the results were prepared for clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical approach, and surgical goal; and success rate and prognosis were analyzed and compared with other studies.
Results A total of 50 patients were included in the study, with overall success rate of ETV as 88%; aqueductal stenosis was the most common indication where ETV was used; headache and vomiting were the most common presenting complaints followed by ataxia and visual blurring; and ETV provided flexibility in its use with biopsy, abscess drainage, temporary external ventricular drain placement, etc.
Conclusion ETV being superior to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus provides flexibility in its use and possibly is a useful adjunct to prevent postoperative hydrocephalus after endoscopic intraventricular surgery; proper case selection in accordance to ETV success score yields a better success rate. In experienced hands with proper precautions, perioperative complications can be kept at minimum. Wherever possible, in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, especially in patients >1 year of age, ETV should be the treatment of choice. We recommend a proper case selection, including preoperative detailed reading of sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scan, to improve the success rate with less complication.
Surface reaction dependence of molecular beam epitaxy grown aluminum on various orientations of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Huynh Kenny , Liao Michael E. , Mauze Akhil , Itoh Takeki , Yan Xingxu , Speck James S. , Pan Xiaoqing , Goorsky Mark S. 
Published: January 2022

An orientational dependence on the interfacial reaction between aluminum and (010), (001), and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates is addressed. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to assess the interface crystallinity, thickness, and chemical composition of the interfacial layers. At the interface, amorphous aluminum oxide is observed in all three samples with a thicknesses of 3.5 nm for (010) β-Ga2O3 and 2 nm for (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3. Aluminum oxide is formed at the interface as a result of a chemical reaction that reduces the Ga2O3 surface when aluminum is deposited. We propose that in Al on (010) β-Ga2O3, in which the thickest interfacial oxide layer is observed, diffusional pathways of consecutive octahedral Ga sites perpendicular to the interface promote increased interdiffusion in the out-of-plane direction. In contrast, the (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates exhibit alternating rows of tetrahedral and octahedral Ga sites parallel to the interface, where the rows of tetrahedral Ga sites act as increased energy barriers that impede interdiffusion of Al and β-Ga2O3. The orientational dependence of metal-oxide interlayers in β-Ga2O3 can impact electronic and thermal transport, pointing to the importance of understanding the impact of β-Ga2O3 orientation on interfacial properties.
Giant barocaloric effects in formamidinium iodide
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Huang Jianqi , Qi Ji , Liu Peng , Li Da , Yang Teng , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing 
Published: January 2022

Barocaloric effect is the thermal response of materials to the external pressures, which provides a promising alternative to the current vapor-compression refrigeration. The effect has been widely observed in a variety of materials. Here, we report giant barocaloric effects in formamidinium iodide [CH(NH2)2I] that was known as the main precursor to synthesize the hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials. The compound exhibits two successive phase transitions at 345 and 386 K, where isothermal entropy changes of about 50 J kg−1 K−1 are found under applied pressures below 60 MPa. As for the low-temperature transition with the thermal hysteresis of about 6 K, we obtain a refrigerant capacity of 179 J kg−1 under a pressure change of 100 MPa and an estimated adiabatic temperature change of about 24 K. Temperature- and pressure-dependent Raman scattering measurements indicate that the phase transitions and the barocaloric effects are attributed to influences on hydrogen bonds.
Thickness dependence of spin–orbit torques in Pt/Co structures on epitaxial substrates
Authors: Choi Gaeun , Ryu Jeongchun , Thompson Ryan , Choi Jong-Guk , Jeong Jimin , Lee Sungjun , Kang Min-Gu , Kohda Makoto , Nitta Junsaku , Park Byong-Guk 
Published: January 2022

We investigate the Pt thickness dependence of spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in Co/Pt layers grown on single crystalline SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 and amorphous SiO2 substrates. We measure the SOT-induced effective damping-like fields and spin Hall magnetoresistances of the Co/Pt (tPt) samples, where tPt varies from 0.5 to 5.5 nm. We find that the Co/Pt layers grown on the single crystalline substrates show weaker thickness dependence of the SOT than the samples on the SiO2 substrate, which cannot be explained by the conventional bulk spin Hall effect in the Pt layer. This indicates that there is a non-negligible interfacial SOT originating from the Pt/substrate interface, which is more pronounced for thinner Pt. These results provide a way to design SOT material structures with enhanced SOT efficiency by incorporating interfacial SOT.
The sound-symbolic effects of consonants on food texture
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji , Uno Ryoko , Shinohara Kazuko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study explores the sound-symbolic effects of Japanese consonants on image of food textures. Our experiment tested whether voiced vs. voiceless plosives, at various places of articulation, could affect participants’ image of the hardness of a snack. The results revealed that both voicing and place of articulation had effects and that voicing had a stronger effect. Our results support the explanation of sound symbolism based on embodied motivation, as discussed in Cognitive Linguistics. Regarding the voicing of obstruents, the acoustic account cannot explain our results, while the articulatory and the lexical accounts are compatible with them. Regarding the place of articulation, all three accounts can explain our results. These findings can provide insights for food product marketing and related fields.
The reanalysis of VO in the history of English
Authors: De Bastiani Chiara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I present empirical data about selected Early Middle English (henceforth eME) texts which show how the reanalysis of VO as the unmarked word order constitutes a uniform development from Old English (henceforth OE). I employ an antisymmetric framework, in which information structural (henceforth IS) and weight interface conditions govern the pre- and post-verbal spell-out of constituents. The dialectal provenance of the texts and their transmission history is considered, to allow for a comparative analysis of the data.
Should with non-past reference
Authors: Moessner Lilo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter combines a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the use of should with non-past reference in the historical periods Old English, Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). It is based on data from the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts and the Middle English Dictionary. The quantitative analysis detects a few late ME examples, but establishes EModE as the period when should with non-past reference became firmly established, and from the qualitative analysis the conclusion is derived that should as a competitor of the present subjunctive in mandative constructions developed as a result of its meaning extension from obligation to other shades of non-fact modality.
Speech acts in the history of English
Authors: Kohnen Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Throughout the history of the English language we find
different sets of speech-act verbs which seem to reflect the most prominent
speech acts. These inventories change across the periods of the English
language, revealing remarkable lexical gaps. This chapter investigates some
of these gaps and how they were filled in the course of history. The basic
result of this chapter is somewhat ambivalent. On the one hand it suggests
that the study of speech-act gaps and paths of evolution of speech acts,
together with a systematic study of speech-act loanwords is a highly
promising but completely unexplored area in historical pragmatics. On the
other hand, not all donor languages may have exerted a significant influence
in the long run.
Spin wave propagation in uniform waveguide: effects, modulation and its application
Authors: Zheng Lei , Jin Lichuan , Wen Tianlong , Liao Yulong , Tang Xiaoli , Zhang Huaiwu , Zhong Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnonics, or spin waves, are one of the most promising candidate technologies for information processing beyond complementary metal oxide semiconductors. Information encoded by spin waves, which uses the frequency, amplitude and/or phase to encode information, has a great many advantages such as extremely low energy loss and wideband frequency. Moreover, the nonlinear characteristics of spin waves can enhance the extra degrees of processing freedom for information. A typical spin wave device consists of a spin wave source (transmitter), spin wave waveguide and spin wave detector. The spin wave waveguide plays an important role of propagating and modulating the spin wave to fulfill the device’s function. This review provides a tutorial overview of the various effects of coherent spin wave propagation and recent research progress on a uniform spin wave waveguide. Furthermore, we summarize the methods of modulating propagation of a spin wave in a uniform waveguide, and analyze the experimental and calculated results of the spin wave propagation profile and dispersion curve under different modulation methods. This review may promote the development of information transmission technology based on spin waves.
Recent developments on the magnetic and electrical transport properties of FeRh- and Rh-based heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Xu Yang , Cao Cuimei , Shang Tian , Xie Yali , Zhan Qingfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is fascinating how the binary alloy FeRh has been the subject of a vast number of studies almost solely for a single-phase transition. This is, however, reasonable, considering how various degrees of freedom are intertwined around this phase transition. Furthermore, the tunability of this phase transition—the large response to tuning parameters, such as electric field and strain—endows FeRh huge potential in applications. Compared to the bulk counterpart, FeRh in the thin-film form is superior in many aspects: materials in thin-film form are often more technologically relevant in the first place; in addition, the substrates add extra dimensions to the tunability, especially when the substrate itself is multiferroic. Here we review recent developments on the magnetic and transport properties of heterostructures based on FeRh and its end-member Rh, with the latter providing a new route to exploiting spin–orbit interactions in functional spintronic heterostructures other than the more often employed 5d metals. The methods utilized in the investigation of the physical properties in these systems, and the design principles employed in the engineering thereof may conceivably be extended to similar phase transitions to other magnetic materials.
Mortality from various diseases of the circulatory system in the Russian Mayak nuclear worker cohort: 1948–2018
Authors: Azizova Tamara V , Bannikova Maria V , Grigoryeva Evgeniya S , Briks Ksenia V , Hamada Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on the findings from the study of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) in Russian nuclear workers of the Mayak Production Association (22 377 individuals, 25.4% female) who were hired at the facility between 1948 and 1982 and followed up until the end of 2018. Using the AMFIT module of the EPICURE software, relative risks (RRs) and excess RRs per unit absorbed dose (ERR/Gy) for the entire Mayak cohort, the subcohort of workers who were residents of the dormitory town of Ozyorsk and the subcohort of migrants from Ozyorsk were calculated based on maximum likelihood. The mean cumulative liver absorbed gamma-ray dose from external exposure was 0.45 (0.65) Gy (mean (standard deviation)) for men and 0.37 (0.56) Gy for women. The mean cumulative liver absorbed alpha dose from internal exposure to incorporated plutonium was 0.18 (0.65) Gy for men and 0.40 (1.92) Gy for women. By the end of the follow-up, 6019 deaths with DCS as the main cause of death were registered among Mayak Production Association workers (including 3828 deaths in the subcohort of residents and 2191 deaths in the subcohort of migrants) over 890 132 (622 199/267 933) person-years of follow-up. The linear model that took into account non-radiation factors (sex, attained age, calendar period, smoking status and alcohol drinking status) and alpha radiation dose (via adjusting) did not demonstrate significant associations of mortality from DCS, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease with gamma-ray exposure dose in the entire cohort, the resident subcohort or the migrant subcohort (either in men or women). For the subcohort of residents, a significant association with gamma dose was observed for mortality from ischaemic stroke in men with ERR/Gy = 0.43 (95% CI 0.08; 0.99); there were no significant associations with liver absorbed gamma dose for any other considered outcomes. As for internal exposure, for men no significant associations of mortality from any DCS with liver absorbed alpha dose were observed, but for women positive associations were found for mortality from DCS (the entire cohort and the resident subcohort) and IHD (the entire cohort). No significant associations of mortality from various types of DCS with neutron dose were observed either in men or women, although neutron absorbed doses were recorded in only 18% of the workers.
Josephson junctions based on amorphous MoGe: prospects for use in superconducting electronics
Authors: Nevirkovets I P , Belogolovskii M A , Ketterson J B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have fabricated and characterized all-MoGe Josephson junctions with a very thin Al/AlO
x
/(Al) barrier, where the amorphous MoGe films exhibit superconducting transition temperatures up to 7 K. Due to the uniformity of the surface morphology of the MoGe films, the junctions demonstrate high uniformity of their tunneling properties. The experimental data on the temperature dependence of the subgap current agree well with theoretical calculations. The results obtained imply that Josephson tunnel junctions based on amorphous superconductors are promising candidates for use in superconducting electronics, especially in applications requiring multiple stacked junctions or the creation of a nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution.
Vertical nanowire/nanosheet FETs with a horizontal channel for threshold voltage modulation
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Zhu Huilong , Zhang Yongkui , Wang Xiaolei , Huang Weixing , Li Chen , Ai Xuezheng , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new type of vertical nanowire (VNW)/nanosheet (VNS) FETs combining a horizontal channel (HC) with bulk/back-gate electrode configuration, including Bulk-HC and FD-SOI-HC VNWFET, is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulation. Comparisons were carried out between conventional VNWFET and the proposed devices. FD-SOI-HC VNWFET exhibits better I
on/I
off ratio and DIBL than Bulk-HC VNWFET. The impact of channel doping and geometric parameters on the electrical characteristic and body factor (γ) of the devices was investigated. Moreover, threshold voltage modulation by bulk/back-gate bias was implemented and a large γ is achieved for wide range V
th modulation. In addition, results of I
on enhancement and I
off reduction indicate the proposed devices are promising candidates for performance and power optimization of NW/NS circuits by adopting dynamic threshold voltage management. The results of preliminary experimental data are discussed as well.
Correlation functions and transport coefficients in generalised hydrodynamics
Authors: De Nardis Jacopo , Doyon Benjamin , Medenjak Marko , Panfil Miłosz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We review the recent advances on exact results for dynamical correlation functions at large scales and related transport coefficients in interacting integrable models. We discuss Drude weights, conductivity and diffusion constants, as well as linear and nonlinear response on top of equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. We consider the problems from the complementary perspectives of the general hydrodynamic theory of many-body systems, including hydrodynamic projections, and form-factor expansions in integrable models, and show how they provide a comprehensive and consistent set of exact methods to extract large scale behaviours. Finally, we overview various applications in integrable spin chains and field theories.
Passive concentration dynamics incorporated into the library IB2d, a two-dimensional implementation of the immersed boundary method
Authors: Santiago Matea , Battista Nicholas A , Miller Laura A , Khatri Shilpa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an open-source software library that can be used to numerically simulate the advection and diffusion of a chemical concentration or heat density in a viscous fluid where a moving, elastic boundary drives the fluid and acts as a source or sink. The fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction problem of an elastic boundary in a viscous fluid is solved using Peskin’s immersed boundary method. The addition or removal of the concentration or heat density from the boundary is solved using an immersed boundary-like approach in which the concentration is spread from the immersed boundary to the fluid using a regularized delta function. The concentration or density over time is then described by the advection-diffusion equation and numerically solved. This functionality has been added to our software library,IB2d, which provides an easy-to-use immersed boundary method in two dimensions with full implementations in MATLAB and Python. We provide four examples that illustrate the usefulness of the method. A simple rubber band that resists stretching and absorbs and releases a chemical concentration is simulated as a first example. Complete convergence results are presented for this benchmark case. Three more biological examples are presented: (1) an oscillating row of cylinders, representative of an idealized appendage used for filter-feeding or sniffing, (2) an oscillating plate in a background flow is considered to study the case of heat dissipation in a vibrating leaf, and (3) a simplified model of a pulsing soft coral where carbon dioxide is taken up and oxygen is released as a byproduct from the moving tentacles. This method is applicable to a broad range of problems in the life sciences, including chemical sensing by antennae, heat dissipation in plants and other structures, the advection-diffusion of morphogens during development, filter-feeding by marine organisms, and the release of waste products from organisms in flows.