bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sagittal imbalance of the spine is associated with poor sitting posture among primary and secondary school students in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Zhao Yuqi , Yu Zhenghui , Han Xu , Lin Xiang , Wen Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-term poor posture may affect the morphological development of the spine. However, there is no definite answer as to how writing posture affects students’ spine. This study attempted to compare the sagittal curvature of the spine between sitting and standing postures in adolescents to reveal the variation rule of spinal sagittal curvature of students with learning posture, and to discover the key factors that may affect students’ spinal health.

Methods
1138 participants (male, 604; female, 534; age range, 6–18 years) from three schools in Tianjin, China, including 570 primary school students and 568 secondary school students. This study used SpineScan and PA200 Station Posture Assessment System to assess the sagittal curvature of the spine for three postures: sitting on a chair in upright position, seated at a desk while reading/writing, and standing in natural relaxed position. Analyze the difference between spine angle of the three postures and the correlation between the sagittal plane angle of the spine and body posture.

Results
The mean sagittal angle of the spine changed when the participants were in reading/writing position compared to standing position, with the lumbar lordosis angle significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the thoracic kyphosis angle significantly increased (p < 0.05). The TKA and LLA angles were abnormal in 33 and 52% of students in reading/writing posture respectively. There was a significant correlation between sitting posture and standing spinal Angle and were positively correlated with the height of the teenager (p < 0.05). By contrast, a higher percentage of TKA and LLA subjects in the standard reading/writing posture reference range maintained normal spinal shape while standing.

Conclusions
The angle of thoracic kyphosis significantly increased from standing posture to upright sitting, reading/writing posture, while lumbar lordosis significantly decreased or even disappeared. There was a significant correlation between sagittal angle of spine in different postures. The poor sitting posture associated with sagittal angle abnormalities impact the shape of the spine such that sagittal imbalance was also observed when students in natural standing posture. Height is an important factor affecting the sitting spine shape of students.
Prognostic factors for the occurrence of post-operative shoulder stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review
Authors: Stojanov Thomas , Modler Linda , Müller Andreas M. , Aghlmandi Soheila , Appenzeller-Herzog Christian , Loucas Rafael , Loucas Marios , Audigé Laurent 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-operative shoulder stiffness (POSS) is one of the most frequent complications after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Factors specifying clinical prediction models for the occurrence of POSS should rely on the literature and expert assessment. Our objective was to map prognostic factors for the occurrence of POSS in patients after an ARCR.

Methods
Longitudinal studies of ARCR reporting prognostic factors for the occurrence of POSS with an endpoint of at least 6 months were included. We systematically searched Embase, Medline, and Scopus for articles published between January 1, 2014 and February 12, 2020 and screened cited and citing literature of eligible records and identified reviews. The risk of bias of included studies and the quality of evidence were assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool and an adapted Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. A database was implemented to report the results of individual studies. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020199257).

Results
Seven cohort studies including 23 257 patients were included after screening 5013 records. POSS prevalence ranged from 0.51 to 8.75% with an endpoint ranging from 6 to 24 months. Due to scarcity of data, no meta-analysis could be performed. Overall risk of bias and quality of evidence was deemed high and low or very low, respectively. Twenty-two potential prognostic factors were identified. Increased age and male sex emerged as protective factors against POSS. Additional factors were reported but do require further analyses to determine their prognostic value.

Discussion
Available evidence pointed to male sex and increased age as probable protective factors against POSS after ARCR. To establish a reliable pre-specified set of factors for clinical prediction models, our review results require complementation with an expert's opinion.
Airway obstruction requiring tracheal intubation after fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland: a case report
Authors: Kousaka Junko , Imai Tsuneo , Saito Masayuki , Banno Hirona , Ito Yukie , Ido Mirai , Goto Manami , Ando Takahito , Mouri Yukako , Fujii Kimihito , Nakano Shogo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There have been no reports of tracheal intubation for airway obstruction after acute thyroid swelling following fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old woman with a 22 mm × 13 mm right hypervascular thyroid nodule underwent FNA once with a 22G needle under ultrasonographic guidance. Shortly after the aspiration, ultrasound revealed hypoechoic swelling with a crack-like pattern. The patient was observed under bed rest in the Fowler position and received intravenous steroids. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed swelling not only of the thyroid but also of the retropharyngeal space, and the patient complained of difficulty swallowing saliva. Laryngeal fiberscopy revealed protrusion of the posterior pharyngeal wall, edematous changes in the mucosa of the pharynx and epiglottis, and retention of saliva. The patient was intubated awake and hydrocortisone was administered every 8 h. She was extubated 3 days after FNA and discharged without any complications.

Conclusions
When neck swelling is noticed after FNA, ultrasonographic findings are especially important to assess potential causes. If airway obstruction is suspected, CT findings and fiberscope observation of the pharynx provide particularly useful information.
A 7-gene signature predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Tang Fucai , Li Zhibiao , Lai Yongchang , Lu Zechao , Lei Hanqi , He Chengwu , He Zhaohui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe biomarkers have an important guiding role in prognosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer (BC). The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate a prognostic gene signature in BC patients. The gene expression profiles of BC samples and the corresponding clinicopathological data were downloaded from GEO and TCGA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R software. Univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were applied to construct the prognostic score model. A nomogram was established with the identified prognostic factors to predict the overall survival rates of BC patients. The discriminatory and predictive capacity of the nomogram was evaluated based on the concordance index (C‐index), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). A 7-gene signature (KLRB1, PLAC9, SETBP1, NR2F1, GRHL2, ANXA1 and APOL1) was identified from 285 DEGs by univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that age, lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis, metastasis and the 7-gene signature risk score was an independent predictor of BC patient prognosis. A nomogram that integrated these independent prognostic factors was constructed. The C-index (0.73, CI 95%, 0.693–0.767) and calibration curve demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram. DCA of the nomogram further showed that this model exhibited good net benefit. The combined 7-gene signature could serve as a biomarker for predicting BC prognosis. The nomogram built by risk score and other clinical factors could be an effective tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with BC.
Clinical, hormonal, and genetic characteristics of 25 Chinese patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Liu Qingxu , Yin Xiaoqin , Li Pin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a type of congenital disease caused by a variety of gene variants leading to dysfunction in the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs). Clinically, IHH can be divided into Kallmann syndrome (KS) with dysosmia and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) according to the presence or absence of an olfactory disorder.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 25 IHH patients (8 KS and 17 nIHH) who were diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology of Shanghai Children’s Hospital from 2015 to 2021. We analysed the patients’ clinical data, including their hormone levels and gene sequences.

Results
All male patients exhibited small phalli, and 35% of them exhibited cryptorchidism. A significant difference was observed in the levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation (P = 0.028) between the KS group and the nIHH group. Missense variants were the major cause of IHH, and the main pathogenic genes were FGFR1, PROKR2/PROK2, and KAl1. Nine reported and 13 novel variants of six genes were identified. De novo variants were detected in 16 IHH patients; eight patients inherited the variants from their mothers, while only three patients inherited variants from their fathers. One patient had both KAl1 and PROKR2 gene variants, and another patient had two different PROKR2 gene variants. These two patients both had the hot spot variant c.533G > C (p. Trp178Ser) of the PROKR2 gene.

Conclusion
IHH should be highly suspected in patients with a small phallus and cryptorchidism. Compared with nIHH patients, KS patients exhibited a higher level of DHT after HCG stimulation. Missense variants were the major cause of IHH, and most of the inherited variants were from their mothers who exhibited no obvious clinical symptoms. We identified 9 reported variants and 13 novel variants that led to IHH. A small proportion of patients were at risk of inheriting either the oligogenic variant or the compound heterozygous variant. The hot spot variant c.533G > C (p. Trp178Ser) of PROKR2 might be involved in oligogenic inheritance and compound heterozygous inheritance. These findings provide deeper insight into the diagnosis and classification of IHH and will contribute to its clinical assessment.
Oral health inequality among Indonesian workers in South Korea: role of health insurance and discrimination factors
Authors: Novrinda Herry , Han Dong-Hun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe health of migrant workers is becoming an important public health issue. Although there are an increasing number of migrant workers in Korea, the health status in migrant populations remains unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the association between income and self-rated oral health (SROH), and (2) to assess the role of health insurance and self-perceived discrimination in the association between income and SROH among Indonesian migrant workers in Korea.MethodsInformation about self-reported income, SROH, coverage/utilization of health insurance (HI), living difficulties related to oral health (LDROH), oral health literacy (OHL), and discrimination were obtained from Indonesian migrant workers in Korea (n = 248). The main explanatory variable was income, and SROH was an outcome variable. Logistic regression analyses were performed controlling for age, gender, HI, LDROH, OHL, and discrimination. The paths from income to SROH were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM).ResultsAmong Indonesian migrant workers, the lower income group had the highest probability of a poor SROH compared to the higher income group. The variables showing a high explanatory power were discrimination among the low income group and HI among the middle income group. In PLS-SEM, the variables such as HI, LDROH, OHL, and discrimination contributed 11% to explaining the association between income and SROH.ConclusionA monotonic gradient was revealed among migrant workers according to the association between income and SROH. Discrimination and HI contributed to oral health inequalities.
A deterministic approach for protecting privacy in sensitive personal data
Authors: Avraam Demetris , Jones Elinor , Burton Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Data privacy is one of the biggest challenges for any organisation which processes personal data, especially in the area of medical research where data include sensitive information about patients and study participants. Sharing of data is therefore problematic, which is at odds with the principle of open data that is so important to the advancement of society and science. Several statistical methods and computational tools have been developed to help data custodians and analysts overcome this challenge.

Methods
In this paper, we propose a new deterministic approach for anonymising personal data. The method stratifies the underlying data by the categorical variables and re-distributes the continuous variables through a k nearest neighbours based algorithm.

Results
We demonstrate the use of the deterministic anonymisation on real data, including data from a sample of Titanic passengers, and data from participants in the 1958 Birth Cohort.

Conclusions
The proposed procedure makes data re-identification difficult while minimising the loss of utility (by preserving the spatial properties of the underlying data); the latter means that informative statistical analysis can still be conducted.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of rituximab versus natalizumab in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rezaee Mehdi , Morowvat Mohammad Hossein , Poursadeghfard Maryam , Radgoudarzi Armin , Keshavarz Khosro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for communication, are destroyed and cause physical signs and symptoms. According to studies, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have significant results in the treatment of this disease. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of rituximab against natalizumab in the patients with RRMS in southern Iran in 2020.

Methods
This is an economic evaluation including cost-effectiveness analysis in which the Markov model with a lifetime horizon was used. The study sample consisted of 120 patients randomly selected from among those referred to the MS Association and the Special Diseases Unit of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the costs were collected from a societal perspective, and the outcomes were obtained in the form of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) and the mean relapse rate. The TreeAge pro 2020 and Excel 2016 software were used for data analysis.

Results
The comparative study of rituximab and natalizumab showed that the patients receiving rituximab had lower costs ($ 58,307.93 vs. $ 354,174.85) and more QALYs (7.77 vs. 7.65). In addition, the incidence of relapse by rituximab was lower compared to natalizumab (1.15 vs. 2.57). The probabilistic one-way sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the results. The scatter plots also showed that rituximab was more cost-effective for the patients in 100% of the simulations for the threshold of < $ 37,641.

Discussion and conclusion
According to the results of this study, rituximab had higher cost-effectiveness than natalizumab. Therefore, it could be a priority for RRMS patients compared to natalizumab because it reduced treatment costs and increased effectiveness.
Chromosomally normal miscarriage is associated with vaginal dysbiosis and local inflammation
Authors: Grewal Karen , Lee Yun S. , Smith Ann , Brosens Jan J. , Bourne Tom , Al-Memar Maya , Kundu Samit , MacIntyre David A. , Bennett Phillip R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence supports an association between vaginal microbiota composition and risk of miscarriage; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We aim to investigate the vaginal microbial composition and the local immune response in chromosomally normal and abnormal miscarriages and compare this to uncomplicated pregnancies delivering at term.

Methods
We used 16S rRNA gene based metataxonomics to interrogate the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 167 women, 93 miscarriages (54 euploid and 39 aneuploid using molecular cytogenetics) and 74 women who delivered at term and correlate this with the aneuploidy status of the miscarriages. We also measured the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-10 in cervical vaginal fluid.

Results
We show that euploid miscarriage is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. deplete vaginal microbial communities compared to aneuploid miscarriage (P = 0.01). Integration of matched cervicovaginal fluid immune-profiles showed that Lactobacillus spp. depleted vaginal microbiota associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels most strongly in euploid miscarriage compared to viable term pregnancy (IL-1β; P < 0.001, IL-8; P = 0.01, IL-6; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our data suggest the vaginal microbiota plays an important aetiological role in euploid miscarriage and may represent a target to modify risk of pregnancy loss.
T7-lac promoter vectors spontaneous derepression caused by plant-derived growth media may lead to serious expression problems: a systematic evaluation
Authors: Krefft Daria , Prusinowski Maciej , Maciszka Paulina , Skokowska Aleksandra , Zebrowska Joanna , Skowron Piotr M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The widespread usage of protein expression systems in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a workhorse of molecular biology research that has practical applications in biotechnology industry, including the production of pharmaceutical drugs. Various factors can strongly affect the successful construction and stable maintenance of clones and the resulting biosynthesis levels. These include an appropriate selection of recombinant hosts, expression systems, regulation of promoters, the repression level at an uninduced state, growth temperature, codon usage, codon context, mRNA secondary structure, translation kinetics, the presence/absence of chaperons and others. However, optimization of the growth medium’s composition is often overlooked. We systematically evaluate this factor, which can have a dramatic effect on the expression of recombinant proteins, especially those which are toxic to a recombinant host.

Results
Commonly used animal tissue- and plant-based media were evaluated using a series of clones in pET vector, containing expressed Open Reading Frames (ORFs) with a wide spectrum of toxicity to the recombinant E. coli: (i) gfpuv (nontoxic); (ii) tp84_28—which codes for thermophilic endolysin (moderately toxic); and (iii) tthHB27IRM—which codes for thermophilic restriction endonuclease-methyltransferase (REase-MTase)—RM.TthHB27I (very toxic). The use of plant-derived peptones (soy peptone and malt extract) in a culture medium causes the T7-lac expression system to leak. We show that the presence of raffinose and stachyose (galactoside derivatives) in those peptones causes premature and uncontrolled induction of gene expression, which affects the course of the culture, the stability of clones and biosynthesis levels.

Conclusions
The use of plant-derived peptones in a culture medium when using T7-lac hybrid promoter expression systems, such as Tabor-Studier, can lead to uncontrolled production of a recombinant protein. These conclusions also extend to other, lac operator-controlled promoters. In the case of proteins which are toxic to a recombinant host, this can result in mutations or deletions in the expression vector and/or cloned gene, the death of the host or highly decreased expression levels. This phenomenon is caused by the content of certain saccharides in plant peptones, some of which (galactosides) may act as T7-lac promoter inducer by interacting with a Lac repressor. Thus, when attempting to overexpress toxic proteins, it is recommended to either not use plant-derived media or to use them with caution and perform a pilot-scale evaluation of the derepression effect on a case-by-case basis.
Application of Corynebacterium glutamicum engineering display system in three generations of biorefinery
Authors: Lin Kerui , Han Shuangyan , Zheng Suiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe fermentation production of platform chemicals in biorefineries is a sustainable alternative to the current petroleum refining process. The natural advantages of Corynebacterium glutamicum in carbon metabolism have led to C. glutamicum being used as a microbial cell factory that can use various biomass to produce value-added platform chemicals and polymers. In this review, we discussed the use of C. glutamicum surface display engineering bacteria in the three generations of biorefinery resources, and analyzed the C. glutamicum engineering display system in degradation, transport, and metabolic network reconstruction models. These engineering modifications show that the C. glutamicum engineering display system has great potential to become a cell refining factory based on sustainable biomass, and further optimizes the inherent properties of C. glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst. This review will also provide a reference for the direction of future engineering transformation.
The oncologic safety and accuracy of indocyanine green fluorescent dye marking in securing the proximal resection margin during totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Yoon Byung Woo , Lee Woo Yong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Securing the proximal resection margin in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer is related to curability and recurrence, while reducing the operation time is related to patient safety. This study aimed to investigate the role of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent dye marking in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, whether it is an oncologically safe and accurate procedure that can be conducted in a single centre.

Methods
The data of 93 patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (non-ICG group) or totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy using ICG (ICG group) between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. To correct for confounding factors, a propensity score matching was performed.

Results
Proximal resection margin did not vary with the ICG injection site after the propensity score matching (lower ICG, 3.84 cm vs. lower non-ICG, 4.42 cm, p = 0.581; middle ICG, 3.34 cm vs. middle non-ICG, 3.20 cm; p = 0.917), while the operation time was reduced by a mean of 34 min in the ICG group (ICG, 239.3 [95% confidence interval, 220.1–258.5 min]; non-ICG, 273.0 [95% confidence interval, 261.6–284.4] min; p = 0.006).

Conclusions
ICG injection for securing the proximal resection margin in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is an oncologically safe and accurate procedure, with the advantage of reducing the operation time of gastric cancer surgery while it has the benefit of locating the tumour or clips when it is impossible to locate the tumour during surgery due to the inability to perform an endoscopic examination or when it is hard to directly palpate the tumour or clips in the operating theatre; this can be performed at a single centre.