bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND ADDED VALUE OF INFECTION BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH POSSIBLE SEPSIS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Christensen Erik E. , Binde Christina , Leegaard Marianne , Tonby Kristian , Dyrhol-Riise Anne-Ma , Kvale Dag , Amundsen Erik K. , Holten Aleksander R. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Biomarkers for early recognition of infection are warranted. The hypothesis of this study was that calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and procalcitonin (PCT), alone or in combination, provide clinically useful information to the clinicians for early identification of infection in patients with possible sepsis in the emergency department (ED). Biomarker dynamics in the first week of hospitalization were explored. Methods: Adult patients in rapid response teams in the ED were included in a prospective observational study (n = 391). Patients who received antibiotics after biomarker availability were excluded. The ED clinician (EDC) decision whether to start antibiotics was registered. Calprotectin, CRP, IL-6, and PCT were analyzed in blood samples drawn within 15 min after ED arrival and in a subgroup for 1 week. Infection likelihood was evaluated post hoc. Results: In identifying patients with infection, CRP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.913) and IL-6 (AUC, 0.895) were superior to calprotectin (AUC, 0.777) and PCT (AUC, 0.838). The best regression model predicting infections included EDC, CRP, and IL-6. Using optimal cutoff values, CRP and IL-6 in combination reached 95% positive and 90% negative predictive values for infection. The EDC undertreated or overtreated 65 of 391 patients (17%), and CRP and IL-6 optimal cutoff values could correct this in 32 of 65 patients (49%). Longitudinal samples revealed that IL-6 peaked in the ED, whereas CRP and PCT peaked later. Conclusion: C-reactive protein and IL-6 were superior to calprotectin and PCT for recognizing infection in patients with possible sepsis in the ED. Combining these two biomarkers with different dynamics improved recognition of infection and could aid clinical management in rapid response teams in the ED.
Building blocks that govern spontaneous and programmed pattern formation in pre-compressed bilayers
Authors: Shen Jiajia , Pirrera Alberto , Groh Rainer M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Surface wrinkling in stiff-film/soft-substrate bilayers is a common phenomenon in biological systems and is increasingly being exploited in thin-film technology. While the onset of surface wrinkling in end-compressed bilayers is well understood, questions remain with regards to the evolution of the wrinkling pattern in the intermediate and deep post-wrinkling regimes, especially when the substrate is strongly pre-compressed. Here, we explore the bifurcation landscape of end-compressed bilayers with strongly pre-compressed substrates, using hyperelastic, plane strain finite-elements and generalized path-following algorithms. After bifurcating from a flat into a sinusoidally wrinkled state, bilayers undergo further
n
-tupling bifurcations into stable wrinkling patterns of longer wavelength whose periodicity

n
=
{
4
,
…
,
8
}

is a function of overall bilayer length. These five
n
-tupling wrinkling patterns are shown to be independent localizations of the deformation mode and are accordingly identified as stable ‘building blocks’ that govern the intermediate post-wrinkling regime. Additional end-shortening into the deep post-wrinkling regime then leads to further period doubling and coalescence of the building blocks. Beyond a certain length threshold, a bilayer can form a combinatorial side-by-side arrangement of the five building blocks. In the limit of an infinitely long bilayer, this leads to the phenomenon known as spatial chaos with the emergence of an infinite set of possible wrinkling patterns. In reality, though, the precise side-by-side arrangement of the building blocks is governed by the initial conditions. We show that the morphological evolution of the wrinkling pattern can be programmed by a judicial placement of manufactured dents in the thin film, creating new manufacturing capabilities for textured bilayers.
Adeno-associated virus type 2 in children from the United States with acute severe hepatitis
Authors: Servellita Venice , Gonzalez Alicia Sotomayor , Lamson Daryl M. , Foresythe Abiodun , Huh Hee Jae , Bazinet Adam L. , Bergman Nicholas H. , Bull Robert L. , Garcia Karla Y. , Goodrich Jennifer S. , Lovett Sean P. , Parker Kisha , Radune Diana , Hatada April , Pan Chao-Yang , Rizzo Kyle , Bertumen J Bradford , Morales Christina , Oluniyi Paul E. , Nguyen Jenny , Tan Jessica , Stryke Doug , Jaber Rayah , Leslie Matthew T. , Lyons Zin , Hedman Hayden , Parashar Umesh , Sullivan Maureen , Wroblewski Kelly , Oberste M. Steven , Tate Jacqueline E. , Baker Julia M. , Sugerman David , Potts Caelin , Lu Xiaoyan , Chhabra Preeti ,   CDC Pediatric Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Working Group, Ingram L. Amanda , Shiau Henry , Britt William , Gutierrez Sanchez Luz Helena , Ciric Caroline , Rostad Christina A. , Vinjé Jan , Kirking Hannah L. , Wadford Debra A. , Raborn R. Taylor , George Kirsten St. , Chiu Charles Y. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAs of August 2022, cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children have been reported from 35 countries, including the United States. Here we used PCR testing, viral enrichment based sequencing, and agnostic metagenomic sequencing to analyze 27 samples, including nasopharyngeal swab, stool, plasma, and/or whole blood, from 16 such cases from 6 states (Alabama, California, Florida, Illinois, North Carolina, and South Dakota) presenting from October 1, 2021 to May 22, 2022, in parallel with whole blood samples from 45 controls. Among the 13 cases for whom whole blood was available, adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) sequences were detected in 92% (12 of 13) (p<0.001), while adenovirus sequences were detected in 100%, of which 11 (84.6%) were genotyped as human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), one as HAdV-40, and one as HAdV-2. Co-infections of herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and/or enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) were also detected in all 13 cases. In contrast, AAV2 and HAdV-41 were not detected in any control, and EBV, HHV-6, or EV-A71 were each only detected in one or two of 45 controls (p<0.001). Analysis of assembled AAV2 viral genome sequences identified 35 coding mutations relative to the AAV2 reference genome, predominantly located in the VP1 capsid and assembly-activating protein (AAP) proteins, and AAV2 genomes from cases clustered together by phylogenetic analysis. Our findings of a distinct AAV2 strain in nearly all cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in conjunction with one or more infecting helper viruses suggest that disease pathogenesis and/or severity may be related to co-infection with AAV2.
Disentangling rural-urban modern contraceptive utilization disparity among sexually active women of reproductive age in Sierra Leone: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis
Authors: Luwedde Mary , Katantazi Nehemiah , Sserwanja Quraish , Mukunya David , Kamara Kassim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSierra Leone has one of the world’s highest rates of maternal mortality. Preventing unintended pregnancies reduces the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, 25% of reproductive-age women do not have access to modern contraceptive services, and the proportion of demand met for modern contraception remains low at 46% in Sierra Leone. Rural Sierra Leonean women use modern contraception less frequently than urban women. This study aimed to quantify the rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use among Sierra Leonean women of reproductive age and to identify factors that explain it.MethodData from 2019 Sierra Leone demographic health survey was used. Participants were sexually active women aged 15 to 49 (n=13,975). Modern contraceptive use was the outcome variable. Explanatory variables were grouped into materialistic, behavioral/cultural, and psychosocial theoretical perspectives. Descriptive statistics, intermediary analysis, and blinder Oaxaca decomposition analysis were used to summarize and identify the factors that explain inequalities in modern contraceptive use between rural and urban women. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0.ResultsThere was a rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use of 18 percentage points favoring urban women. The exposure variables explained 68% of this disparity. Education (76%), marital status (39%), hearing about family planning on the radio (16%), age of respondent (13%), problems with distance to a healthcare facility (12%), and problems getting permission to seek treatment (9%) made a significant contribution to the explanation of the modern contraceptive use disparity between urban and rural women.ConclusionsThere was a large rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use in Sierra Leone that favoured urban women. Material, behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic explanatory factors jointly explained 68% of the disparity in modern contraceptive utilization between rural and urban women. To close the rural-urban disparity in modern contraceptive use, policy makers must address inequities in education, mass media (radio), and healthcare access. Rural women should be empowered to have the autonomy to access healthcare. Educating men about modern contraceptives and involving them in contraceptive programs can increase rural women’s ability to get permission to seek care hence increasing modern contraceptive utilization and consequently bridging the rural-urban gap.
Closed-loop spinal cord stimulation is superior in restoring locomotion in rodent models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rees Benjamin , Borda Eleonora , Nicolelis Miguel A. L. , Yadav Amol P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDorsal column stimulation (DCS) of the spinal cord is emerging as a promising new technology to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, optimal stimulation settings that maximize its therapeutic effect on PD symptoms are yet to be determined. Here we demonstrate a closed-loop DCS (CLDCS) paradigm – a substantial advancement from previously tested continuous high-frequency DCS – in a bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rodent model of PD. Firstly, CLDCS, triggered by corticostriatal beta frequency oscillations facilitated a pro-locomotion brain state that restored locomotion and reduced akinesia. Secondly, CLDCS was better at disrupting ongoing beta oscillations and achieved it with lesser overall charge delivery than continuous open-loop stimulation. These results indicate that CLDCS is markedly better than traditional spinal cord stimulation methods and can potentially be highly effective in treating PD symptoms. We envision that the CLDCS approach can be beneficial in the treatment of other neurological disorders which showcase similar pathological neuronal oscillations.
DEED: A Dataset for Dream-related Emotion Research
Authors: Liu Wanqiu , Zhang Yupeng , Ma Pengcheng , Zheng Lei , Zhou Di , Chen Zhengbo , Shen Mingming , Cai Yongchun , Lu Zhengyi , Liu Qiao , Luo Junwen , Wang Xiaoan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmotion is closely related to human cognition and behaviour. In recent years, scholars have conducted extensive research on emotion in waking state based on electroencephalography (EEG) and achieved certain results. However, Emotional activity continues after sleep, with a concentrated response of sleep emotions in dreams. Sleep emotions are concentrated in dreams, which can better reflect a series of real physical and psychological states of the human body. Currently, there is no publicly available dataset for the assessment of dream mood. Therefore, we present a physiological dataset Dream Emotion Evaluation Dataset (DEED) for the assessment of dream mood, which recorded EEG signals from 38 participants over 89 whole sleep nights and 533 dream segments(after exclusion of unqualified nights, those dream segments are extracted from 82 whole sleep nights). We studied the correlations between the subjective ratings and the EEG signals and brain network patterns for dream emotions. In addition, the relationship between the asymmetry of left and right brain bands and positive and negative dream emotions was studied. The machine learning algorithm was also used to classify different emotional EEG, which confirmed the validity of the dataset. In the meantime, we encourage other researchers to explore the underlying neural mechanisms involved in sleep.
Extraordinary selection on the human X chromosome associated with archaic admixture
Authors: Skov L. , Coll Macià M. , Lucotte E. , Cavassim M.I.A. , Castellano D. , Schierup M.H. , Munch K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe X chromosome in non-African human populations shows less diversity and less Neanderthal introgression than expected under the standard neutral model. We analyzed 162 X chromosomes from human males worldwide and discovered 14 chromosomal regions where haplotypes of several hundred kilobases rapidly rose to high frequencies in non-Africans. These observations cannot be explained by neutral genetic drift in realistic demographic scenarios and are only consistent with partial selective sweeps produced by strong selection. Using an approach for inferring individual Neanderthal-derived haplotypes, which do not rely on an archaic reference genome, we further discover that the swept haplotypes are devoid of the archaic ancestry otherwise typical of the affected chromosomal regions. The ancient Ust’-Ishim male carries its expected proportion of these haplotypes, implying that the sweeps must have occurred between 45,000 and 55,000 years ago. Finally, we find that the chromosomal positions of sweeps overlap previously reported hotspots of selection in great ape evolution. We propose that this puzzling combination of observations points to a general mechanism of positive selection unique to the X chromosome.
Synaptic scale dopamine disruption in Huntington’s Disease model mice imaged with near infrared catecholamine nanosensors
Authors: Yang Sarah J. , del Bonis O’Donnell Jackson Travis , Giordani Francesca , Wang Jeffery , Lui Alison , Piekarski David , Irrinki Ashvin , Schaffer David V. , Landry Markita P. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDopamine neuromodulation is a critical process that facilitates learning, motivation, and motor control. Disruption of these processes has been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders including Huntington’s Disease (HD). While several treatments for physical and psychiatric HD symptoms target dopaminergic neuromodulation, the mechanism by which dopaminergic dysfunction occurs during HD is unknown. This is partly due to limited capability to visualize dopamine dynamics at the spatiotemporal resolution of both neuromodulator release (ms) and dopaminergic boutons (µm). Here we employ near-infrared fluorescent catecholamine nanosensors (nIRCats) to image dopamine release within the brain striatum of R6/2 Huntington’s Disease Model (R6/2) mice. We find that stimulated dorsal striatal dopamine release decreases with progressive motor degeneration and that these decreases are primarily driven by a decrease in the number of dopamine hotspots combined with decreased release intensity and decreased release fidelity. Using nIRCat’s high spatial resolution, we show that dopamine hotspots in late HD show increased ability to add new dopamine hotspots at high extracellular calcium concentrations and track individual dopamine hotspots over repeated stimulations and pharmacological wash to measure dopamine hotspots release fidelity. Compellingly, we demonstrate that antagonism of D2-autoreceptors using Sulpiride and direct blocking of Kv1.2 channels using 4-Aminopyradine (4-AP) increases the fidelity of dopamine hotspot activity in WT striatum but not in late HD striatum, indicating that D2-autoreceptor regulation of dopamine release through Kv1.2 channels is compromised in late HD. These findings, enabled by nIRCats, provide a more detailed look into how dopamine release is disrupted and dysregulated during Huntington’s Disease to alter the coverage of dopamine modulation across the dorsal striatum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuntington’s Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Dysfunction of dopamine signaling is known to deteriorate in HD but has not been studied at the spatial level of individual release sites. Here, we image dopamine release from individual hotspots in brain slices from R6/2 HD mice at early and late disease timepoints with dopamine nanosensors. We track single dopamine hotspots and find that dopamine hotspot number, release intensity, and release fidelity decrease in HD, and demonstrate that changes in D2-autoreceptor regulation manifest through changes in hotspot release fidelity thus compromising dopamine coverage across the dorsal lateral striatum. These findings highlight dopaminergic neurons in cortico-striatal signaling during HD as a promising new therapeutic target for HD treatment.
Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 in Adolescents in PREVENT-19: A Randomized, Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Áñez Germán , Dunkle Lisa M. , Gay Cynthia L. , Kotloff Karen L. , Adelglass Jeffrey M. , Essink Brandon , Campbell James D. , Cloney-Clark Shane , Zhu Mingzhu , Plested Joyce S. , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Greninger Alexander L. , Patel Nita , McGarry Alice , Woo Wayne , Cho Iksung , Glenn Gregory M. , Dubovsky Filip ,   the 2019nCoV-301 – Pediatric Expansion Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver 20% of cases and 0.4% of deaths from Covid-19 occur in children. Following demonstration of safety and efficacy of the adjuvanted, recombinant spike protein vaccine NVX-CoV2373 in adults, the PREVENT-19 trial enrolled adolescents.METHODSSafety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 were evaluated in adolescents aged 12 to <18 years in an expansion of PREVENT-19, a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United States. Participants were randomized 2:1 to two doses of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo 21 days apart, and followed for a median of 2 months after second vaccination. Primary end points were serologic non-inferiority of neutralizing antibody (NA) responses compared with young adults (18 to <26 years) in PREVENT-19, protective efficacy against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, and assessment of reactogenicity/safety.RESULTSAmong 2,247 participants randomized between April–June 2021, 1,491 were allocated to NVX-CoV2373 and 756 to placebo. Post-vaccination, the ratio of NA geometric mean titers in adolescents compared to young adults was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.7). Twenty Covid-19 cases (all mild) occurred: 6 among NVX-CoV2373 and 14 among placebo recipients (vaccine efficacy [VE]: 79.5%, 95% CI, 46.8 to 92.1). All sequenced viral genomes (11/20) were identified as Delta variant (Delta variant VE: 82.0% [95% CI: 32.4 to 95.2]). Reactogenicity was largely mild-to-moderate, transient, and more frequent in NVX-CoV2373 recipients and after the second dose. Serious adverse events were rare and evenly distributed between treatments.CONCLUSIONSNVX-CoV2373 was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in the prevention of Covid-19 and those cases caused by the Delta variant in adolescents.(Funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health; PREVENT-19 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04611802).
Gabapentin for Postoperative Pain Management in Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Perez Eli A , Ray Emanuel , Park Brian J , Gold Colin J , Carnahan Ryan M , Banks Matthew , Sanders Robert D. , Olinger Catherine R , Mueller Rashmi N , Woodroffe Royce W 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTStudy DesignRetrospective cohort studyObjectivesTo investigate the effect of perioperative gabapentin administration on postoperative pain and opioid use in elderly patients after elective posterior lumbar fusion.MethodsThis was a single-center study of patients over the age of 65 who underwent elective posterior lumbar fusion. The cohort was stratified into two groups based on perioperative gabapentin administration defined as use both in the immediate preoperative period and postoperatively during hospitalization. Mean daily visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and mean daily morphine equivalent dosage (MED) during the postoperative hospital stay were compared between these groups using traditional regression and inverse probability weighting.ResultsThere were 350 patients who received gabapentin perioperatively and 78 patients who did not receive gabapentin. Multivariate regression did not demonstrate a difference in daily MED (ß=-6.6 mg, p=0.816) or daily pain scores (ß=0.04, p=0.257) averaged over the first seven postoperative days. Sub-analysis stratifying by each individual postoperative day also did not demonstrate a difference in MED or pain scores.ConclusionThis study did not find perioperative gabapentin administration to be beneficial in reducing postoperative VAS pain scores or opioid use in the acute postoperative period for elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion. These findings are consistent with recent literature suggesting gabapentin is of minimal benefit in postoperative multimodal analgesia regimens.Level of Evidence3
Automated Classification of Fat-infiltrated Axillary Lymph Nodes on Screening Mammograms
Authors: Song Qingyuan , diFlorio-Alexander Roberta M. , Sieberg Ryan T. , Dwan Dennis , Boyce William , Stumetz Kyle , Patel Sohum D. , Karagas Margaret R. , Mackenzie Todd A. , Hassanpour Saeed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesFat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (LNs) are unique sites for ectopic fat deposition. Early studies showed a strong correlation between fatty LNs and obesity-related diseases. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results but this is hampered by the scarcity of labeled data. With the long-term goal of developing a rapid and generalizable tool to aid data labeling, we developed an automated deep learning (DL)-based pipeline to classify the status of fatty LNs on screening mammograms.MethodsOur internal dataset included 886 mammograms from a tertiary academic medical institution, with a binary status of the fat-infiltrated LNs based on the size and morphology of the largest visible axillary LN. A two-stage DL model training and fine-tuning pipeline was developed to classify the fat-infiltrated LN status using the internal training and development dataset. The model was evaluated on a held-out internal test set and a subset of the Digital Database for Screening Mammography.ResultsOur model achieved an accuracy of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-0.99) on 264 internal testing mammograms and an accuracy of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86) on 70 external testing mammograms. The model successfully extracted meaningful LN-related features from the mammograms.ConclusionThis study confirmed the feasibility of using a DL model for fat-infiltrated LN classification. The model provides a practical tool to identify fatty LNs on mammograms and to allow for future large-scale studies to evaluate the role of fatty LNs as an imaging biomarker of obesity-associated pathologies.Advances in knowledgeOur study is the first to classify fatty LNs using an automated DL approach.