bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of intravenous brivaracetam in pediatric patients with epilepsy: An open‐label trial
Authors: Farkas Mark Kristof , Kang Harriet , Fogarasi Andras , Bozorg Ali , James Gareth D. , Krauwinkel Walter , Morita Diego , Will Edgar , Elshoff Jan‐Peer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) as 15‐min intravenous (IV) infusion and bolus (≤2‐min injection).MethodsEP0065 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03405714) was a Phase 2, multicenter, open‐label trial in patients ≥1 month to <16 years of age with epilepsy. Patients received up to 5 mg/kg/day BRV (not exceeding 200 mg/day). Enrollment was sequential by descending age, depending on safety review. Outcomes included BRV plasma concentrations before and after IV administration, treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and discontinuations due to TEAEs.ResultsFifty patients were enrolled, received BRV, and completed the trial. Twenty‐six patients (52.0%) received 15‐min infusions and 24 (48.0%) received bolus injections. Most patients (80.0%) received one IV dose. In the 15‐min infusion group, geometric mean (GeoMean) BRV concentrations 15 (±2) min (n = 21) and 3 h (±15 min) (n = 21) post dose were 1903.0 ng/mL (geometric coefficient of variation [GeoCV]: 60.7%) and 1130.3 ng/mL (58.8%), respectively. In the bolus group, GeoMean BRV concentrations 15 (±2) min (n = 19) and 3 h (±15 min) (n = 21) post dose were 1704.8 ng/mL (GeoCV: 74.5%) and 1383.9 ng/mL (85.0%), respectively. Overall, 14 patients (28.0%) had TEAEs (15‐min infusion: 8 [30.8%]; bolus: 6 [25.0%]), most commonly (≥5% of patients) somnolence (3 [6.0%]). Ten patients (20.0%) had drug‐related TEAEs (15‐min infusion: 6 [23.1%]; bolus: 4 [16.7%]). No patients discontinued due to TEAEs, and no deaths occurred.SignificanceIV BRV (up to 200 mg/day) was well tolerated in patients ≥1 month to <16 years of age, regardless of whether BRV was administered as 15‐min infusion or bolus. No unexpected safety or pharmacokinetic differences were observed between patients receiving 15‐min infusions or bolus, and plasma concentrations were in the expected range. Safety results were consistent with the known safety profile of oral BRV, with no new safety concerns identified.
Semiautomated classification of nocturnal seizures using video recordings
Authors: Peltola Jukka , Basnyat Pabitra , Armand Larsen Sidsel , Østerkjærhuus Tim , Vinding Merinder Torsten , Terney Daniella , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a semiautomated classification of nocturnal seizures using a hybrid system consisting of an artificial intelligence‐based algorithm, which selects epochs with potential clinical relevance to be reviewed by human experts.MethodsConsecutive patients with nocturnal motor seizures admitted for video‐electroencephalographic long‐term monitoring (LTM) were prospectively recruited. We determined the extent of data reduction by using the algorithm, and we evaluated the accuracy of seizure classification from the hybrid system compared with the gold standard of LTM.ResultsForty consecutive patients (24 male; median age = 15 years) were analyzed. The algorithm reduced the duration of epochs to be reviewed to 14% of the total recording time (1874 h). There was a fair agreement beyond chance in seizure classification between the hybrid system and the gold standard (agreement coefficient = .33, 95% confidence interval = .20–.47). The hybrid system correctly identified all tonic–clonic and clonic seizures and 82% of focal motor seizures. However, there was low accuracy in identifying seizure types with more discrete or subtle motor phenomena.SignificanceUsing a hybrid (algorithm–human) system for reviewing nocturnal video recordings significantly decreased the workload and provided accurate classification of major motor seizures (tonic–clonic, clonic, and focal motor seizures).
Transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of the young in a Thoroughbred yearling
Authors: Cock Gemma , Felippe M. Julia B. , Blair Armon , DeNotta Sally 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA 12‐month‐old Thoroughbred colt was presented for chronic recurrent respiratory disease characterised by persistent nasal discharge, intermittent pyrexia and coughing of several months' duration. These episodes were responsive to empirical antimicrobial therapy but returned once therapy was discontinued. History, physical examination and initial diagnostics were suggestive of bacterial pneumonia and possible underlying immunodeficiency. Serum immunoglobulin analysis and peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping revealed low serum IgG and IgM concentrations. In this 12‐month‐old colt, low serum IgG concentration was the most diagnostic parameter and supported a presumptive diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of the young. The colt responded favourably to repeated treatment with antimicrobials for bacterial pneumonia, and serial immunologic testing over the following months showed gradual increase in serum IgG and IgM concentrations, supporting the diagnosis of delayed development of humoral immunity in this patient.
Single‐cell transcriptomics in human skin research: available technologies, technical considerations and disease applications
Authors: Theocharidis Georgios , Tekkela Stavroula , Veves Aristidis , McGrath John A. , Onoufriadis Alexandros 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle‐cell technologies have revolutionized research in the last decade, including for skin biology. Single‐cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool allowing the dissection of human disease pathophysiology at unprecedented resolution by assessing cell‐to‐cell variation, facilitating identification of rare cell populations and elucidating cellular heterogeneity. In dermatology, this technology has been widely applied to inflammatory skin disorders, fibrotic skin diseases, wound healing complications and cutaneous neoplasms. Here, we discuss the available technologies and technical considerations of single‐cell RNA sequencing and describe its applications to a broad spectrum of dermatological diseases.
Mycosis fungoides in pediatric population: comprehensive review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management
Authors: Kothari Rohit , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Bagot Martine , Sandhu Sunmeet , Patil Anant , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. However, it is rare in pediatric population. Most of the cases of pediatric MF present with hypopigmented patches and/or various other forms, which may often mimic common childhood dermatoses, thereby causing a delay in the diagnosis. There are no established treatment guidelines for pediatric MF. As the progression of childhood MF is extremely rare and it has an indolent course, it is usually diagnosed at an early stage (IA, IB, IIA), and hence phototherapy with a response rate of >80% is a well‐established effective treatment in children. However, as recurrences are frequently seen on stopping the therapies, a maintenance regimen and long‐term follow‐up is equally important. This article reviews the epidemiological factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and various treatment modalities used in pediatric MF. We analyzed and compared the data of almost 616 childhood MF cases from various studies undertaken from 1988 to 2021.
Sustaining the Australian respiratory workforce through the COVID‐19 pandemic: a scoping literature review
Authors: Stone Emily , Irving Louis B. , Tonga Katrina O. , Thompson Bruce 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in late 2019 and in 2020 presented challenges to healthcare workers (HCW) around the world that were unexpected and dramatic. The relentless progress of infection, starting in China and rapidly spreading to Europe, North America and elsewhere gave more remote countries, like Australia, time to prepare but also time for unease. HCW everywhere had to readjust and change their work practices to cope. Further waves of infection and transmission with newer variants pose challenges to HCW and health systems, even after mass vaccination. Respiratory medicine HCW found themselves at the frontline, developing critical care services to support intensive care units and grappling with unanticipated concerns about safety, risk and the need to retrain. Several studies have addressed the need for rapid changes in the healthcare workforce for COVID‐19 and the impact of this preparation on HCW themselves. In this paper, we present a scoping review of the literature on preparing HCW for the pandemic, explore the Australian experience of building the respiratory workforce and propose evidence‐based recommendations to sustain this workforce in an unprecedented high‐risk environment.
Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: A cross‐sectional survey of Nurses' attitudes and experiences in adult intensive care units
Authors: Song Yi , Zhao Qian , Yang Mei , Xie Xiaohua , Gong Min , Chen Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe adult intensive care nurses' experiences and attitudes towards intrahospital transport (IHT) of critically ill patients and to assess the relationship between nurses' characteristics, attitudes and experiences.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsFactor analysis identified factors within the attitudinal and experience domains. Univariate analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship between attitudinal and experience factors and demographic and professional characteristics of the participants. Multiple regression equations were applied to determine associations between nurses' experiences and attitudes. The study took place from July to August 2019.ResultsA total of 480 nurses from 12 adult intensive care units in China participated, with a response rate of 65%. Most respondents had a baccalaureate nursing degree (75%). The majority (80%) had participated in IHT of critically ill more than five times in the previous 12 months and 90% agreed that checklists led to an improvement in patient safety during transport. However, 75% of respondents expressed that transport increased the workload of the nurses who accompany patients off unit and those who remained in the intensive care unit (66%). Variables that were associated with a favourable perception of transport competency and checklists/tool use were nurses' prior transport experiences and knowledge/training.ConclusionNurses perceived IHT was a sourse of stress and increased workload. Checklists and training were beneficial for patient safety during IHT.ImpactThe findings point out a clear need for ICU nurse training, standardised policy/procedure and customisation of existing intrahospital transfer checklists according to hospital procedures and local circumstances. New research is needed to evaluate the impact of novel IHT interventions on patient safety and nurses' stress.
Lacunae rostralis: A new structure on the rostrum of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus
Authors: Häge Jan , Hansen Matthew J. , Pacher Korbinian , Dhellemmes Félicie , Domenici Paolo , Steffensen John F. , Breuker Michael , Krause Stefan , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Fritsch Guido , Bach Pascal , Sabarros Philippe S. , Zaslansky Paul , Mahlow Kristin , Schauer Maria , Müller Johannes , Krause Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent comparative studies of billfishes (Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) have provided evidence of differences in the form and function of the rostra (bill) among species. Here, we report the discovery of a new structure, lacuna rostralis, on the rostra of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus, which is absent on the rostra of swordfish Xiphias gladius, striped marlin Kajikia audax and blue marlin Makaira nigricans. The lacunae rostralis are small cavities that contain teeth. They were found on the ventral rostrum surface of all I. platypterus specimens examined and dorsally in half of them. Ventrally, the lacunae rostralis were most prominent in the mid‐section of the rostrum. Dorsally, they occurred closer to the tip. The density of lacunae rostralis increased towards the rostrum tip but, because they are smaller in size, the percentage of rostrum coverage decreased. The teeth located within the lacunae rostralis were found to be different in size, location and orientation from the previously identified micro‐teeth of billfish. We propose two potential functions of the lacunae rostralis that both relate to the use of the bill in feeding: mechanoreception of prey before tapping it with the bill and more efficient prey handling via the creation of suction, or physical grip.
Egg incubation temperature influences the population‐specific outmigration rate of juvenile brown troutSalmo trutta
Authors: Jonsson Bror , Greenberg Larry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present experiment tested if temperature during embryogenesis and parental heritage affected the migratory behaviour of young brown troutSalmo trutta. Two parental forms were used, a freshwater resident form and an anadromous form, both from the same river system but geographically isolated since 1993–95. Four groups of youngS. truttawere produced and reared from (a) freshwater resident parents spawning in a tributary to the River Imsa, Norway, (b) anadromous parents spawning in the main stem of the same river system, (c) resident male × anadromous female parents and (d) resident female × anadromous male parents. The eggs were incubated until first exogenous feeding in River Imsa water, either unheated or heatedc. 2.7°C above ambient temperature. Thereafter, all fish experienced the same ambient river temperature until release. Groups were released below an impassable waterfall 900 m upstream of the mouth of the River Imsa, either as age‐0 in October 2019 or as age‐1 in May 2020. About 7.5% of the released fish moved downstream and were captured in a trap at the outlet. For any given body size, the proportion of warm incubated trout that moved downstream was greater than the proportion of cold incubated trout. It was also found that most emigrants of the October‐releasedS. truttawere caught within a month of release. Also, most May‐releasedS. truttaemigrated in October. The offspring of the freshwater resident parents emigrated to a larger extent than offspring of anadromous parents. Thus, the difference in emigration with regard to embryonic temperature was phenotypically plastic and may be associated with an epigenetic effect of the thermal conditions during early development. The effect of parental origin suggests there may be genetic divergence between the geographically isolated populations.
Physical restraint practices in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective observational study
Authors: Alostaz Ziad , Rose Louise , Mehta Sangeeta , Johnston Linda , Dale Craig 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesTo conduct a diagnostic evaluation of physical restraint practice using the integrated‐Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i‐PARIHS) framework.BackgroundEvidence indicates that physical restraints are associated with adverse physical, emotional and psychological sequelae and do not consistently prevent intensive care unit (ICU) patient‐initiated device removal. Nevertheless, physical restraints continue to be used extensively in ICUs both in Canada and internationally. Implementation science frameworks have not been previously used to diagnose, develop and guide the implementation of restraint minimisation interventions.DesignA prospective observational study of restrained patients in a 20‐bed, academic ICU in Toronto, Canada.MethodsData collection methods included patient observation, electronic medical record review, and verbal check with the point‐of‐care nurses. Data were collected pertaining to framework domains of unit culture (restraint application/removal), evaluation capacity (documentation) and leadership (rounds discussion). The reporting of this study followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsA total of 102 restrained patients, 67 (66%) male and mean age 58 years (SD 1.92), were observed. All observed devices were wrist restraints. Restraint application and removal time was verified in 83 and 57 of 102 patients respectively. At application, 96.4% were mechanically ventilated and 71% sedated/unarousable. Nurses confirmed 71% were prophylactically restrained; 7.2% received restraint alternatives. Restraint removal occurred after interprofessional team rounds (87%), during daytime (79%) and following extubation (52.6%). Of the 923 discrete patient observation of physical restraint use, 691 (75%) were not documented. Of the 30 daytime interprofessional team rounds reviewed, physical restraint was discussed at 3 (10%).ConclusionIn this single‐centre study, a culture of prophylactic physical restraint was observed. Future facilitation of restraint minimisation warrants theoretically informed implementation strategies including leadership involvement to advance interprofessional collaboration.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings draw attention to the importance of a preliminary diagnostic study of the context prior to designing, and implementing, a physical restraint minimisation intervention.
Plant–insect chemical communication in ecological communities: An information theory perspective
Authors: Zu Peng‐Juan , García‐García Reinaldo , Schuman Meredith C. , Saavedra Serguei , Melián Carlos J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCross‐species communication, where signals are sent by one species and perceived by others, is one of the most intriguing types of communication that functionally links different species to form complex ecological networks. Global change and human activity can affect communication by increasing fluctuations in species composition and phenology, altering signal profiles and intensity, and introducing noise. So far, most studies on cross‐species communication have focused on a few specific species isolated from ecological communities. Scaling up investigations of cross‐species communication to the community level is currently hampered by a lack of conceptual and practical methodologies. Here, we propose an interdisciplinary framework based on information theory to investigate mechanisms shaping cross‐species communication at the community level. We use plants and insects, the cornerstones of most ecosystems, as a showcase and focus on chemical communication as the key communication channel. We first introduce some basic concepts of information theory, then we illustrate information patterns in plant–insect chemical communication, followed by a further exploration of how to integrate information theory into ecological and evolutionary processes to form testable mechanistic hypotheses. We conclude by highlighting the importance of community‐level information as a means to better understand the maintenance and workings of ecological systems, especially during rapid global change.
Retention and Attrition in Early‐Career Foreign Language Teachers in Austria and the United Kingdom
Authors: SULIS GIULIA , BABIC SONJA , MAIRITSCH ASTRID , MERCER SARAH , JIN JUN , KING JIM 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe issue of early‐career teacher attrition is a pressing concern across a variety of educational settings. Research in predominantly anglophone contexts has shown that rates of foreign language teachers leaving the profession are particularly high. Noting the important role that well‐being plays in fostering teacher retention, this study examines factors affecting the well‐being of early‐career foreign language teachers in the United Kingdom and Austria, and the subsequent possible consequences for their decision to leave or remain in the profession, drawing a comparison across the 2 settings. In‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 early‐career foreign language teachers at secondary schools in Austria (n = 6) and the United Kingdom (n = 8). Inductive data analysis revealed an interplay among intrapersonal, societal, and contextual factors in relation to well‐being, which might contribute to shaping participants’ decision to remain or leave the profession across the 2 settings. These factors include perfectionism, self‐efficacy, work–life spillover, self‐regulation, relationships within the school, and foreign language teacher status. Our findings suggest the need for systematic approaches toward improving teacher well‐being, not only for surviving in the profession but also for flourishing and thriving in the long term.
A pilot study comparing the efficiency of a novel asymmetric cellulose triacetate (ATA) dialyser membrane (Solacea‐190H) to a standard high flux polysulfone dialyser membrane (FX‐80) in the setting of extended hours haemodialysis
Authors: Kameshwar Kamya , Damasiewicz Matthew J. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Kerr Peter G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo compare small, middle and large‐middle molecule clearance; and expression of markers of inflammation, between Solacea‐190H (asymmetric cellulose triacetate [ATA]) and FX‐80 dialysers in long‐hour haemodialysis patients.MethodsThis pilot, randomized cross‐over trial recruited 10 home haemodialysis patients. The total study duration was 8 weeks, using each dialyser for 4 weeks. Removal of small (urea, phosphate, creatinine and indoxyl sulfate [IS]), middle and large‐middle molecules (beta‐2 microglobulin [β2M], albumin), markers of inflammation (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], malondialdehyde‐modified low density lipoprotein [MDA‐LDL] and alpha‐1 microglobulin [α1M]), was evaluated in serum and dialysate samples.ResultsReduction ratios [RR] were calculated for variables at the fourth week of each dialyzer sequence and results expressed as difference in mean RR between dialyzers. There was no difference in clearance of small molecules, with difference in mean RR for urea −2.43 (95% CI ‐6.44, 1.57; p = .19), creatinine −1.82 (95% CI ‐5.50, 1.85; p = .28) and phosphate −2.61 (95% CI −12.45, 7.23; p = .55); clearance of middle and large‐middle molecules with difference in mean RR (range) for β2M 2.2 (95% CI −3.2, 7.7; p = .35), IS 1.8 (95% CI −9.5, 13; p = .72) and albumin −0.6 (95% CI −5.5, 4.2; p = .77). There was lack of induction of markers of inflammation, including IL‐6 15.2 (95% CI −31.9, 62.2; p = .47), MDA‐LDL −8.1 (95% CI ‐22.1, 5.8; p = .21) and α1M −3.50 (95% CI −29.2, 22.2; p = .76). Dialysate removal results were concurrent.ConclusionThis study showed no difference in clearance of small, middle and large‐middle molecules, nor expression of markers of inflammation between dialysers.