bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal kernel of green rice leafhopper estimated from truncated data
Authors: Andow David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCharacterizing dispersal kernels from truncated data is important for managing and predicting population dynamics. We used mark‐recapture data from 10 previously published replicated experiments at three host plant development stages (seedling, tillering, and heading) to estimate parameters of the normal and exponential dispersal kernels for green rice leafhopper,Nephotettix cincticeps(Uhler). We compared classic statistical methods for estimating untruncated distribution parameters from truncated data with maximum likelihood (MLE) and the method of statistical moments for simulated and empirical data. Simulations showed that both methods provided accurate parameter estimates with similar precision. The method of moments is algebraically complex, but simple to calculate, while the MLE methods require numerical solutions of nonlinear equations. Simulations also showed that accurate, precise estimates of the parameters of the untruncated distributions could be attained even under severe truncation with sufficient numbers of recaptures. Both diffusivity and the exponential mean were higher with later plant growth stage, showing that insects moved farther and faster at the heading stage. Precision of the estimates was not strongly related to percent capture, size of the experimental field, or the number of leafhoppers captured. The leptokurtic exponential kernel fit the data better than the normal kernel for all the experiments. These results support an alternative explanation for the strong density‐dependent population regulation of this species at the heading stage. Instead of leafhopper density per se, the increase in movement at this stage could integrate the populations in the separate fields, leveling densities throughout the landscape.
Thermoelectrics: From Thermoelectric Figure of Merit to Device Design
Authors: Xu Congcong , Liang Zhongxin , Song Shaowei , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermoelectrics is defined as direct energy conversion between the heat and electricity associated with thermoelectric power generation and refrigeration. Significant progress has been made in the theoretical understanding, materials and device preparation technology, and performance improvement of thermoelectrics since the Seebeck effect was found 200 years ago. Herein, the article starts with the basic physics concepts underlying the thermoelectric phenomenon, and the key descriptor for evaluating thermoelectric performance, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), is introduced. The corresponding issues and strategies for pursuing higherZTare discussed in detail, and a brief introduction of organic thermoelectric materials is given. The leading engineering challenges from the material to the device are further elaborated based on the state‐of‐the‐art device design. This article aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the scope of activities related to this area of scientific endeavor.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Lin Ching‐Wei , Liu Te‐I , Quiroz Carlos J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vivo fluorescence imaging is an essential tool for many biomedical researches and clinical applications. It provides intuitive, direct evidence to help researchers understand complicated biological phenomena and clinicians to make better decisions. In this article, we will introduce important tissue optical properties that determine the performance of in vivo fluorescence images. Besides the biological specimen itself, imaging methods and fluorophores are the two key components that determine its performance and capabilities. Several types of imaging methods, suitable cameras, and the currently available fluorophores will be described. In the last section, we focus on the clinical applications, mainly image‐guided surgeries. The future development of in vivo fluorescence imaging tackles the challenge of deep tissue imaging, and short‐wave infrared fluorescence will be our new solution. Therefore, we will also comment on the recent developments of SWIR techniques in each topic discussed.
Flexible Biofuel Cell‐In‐A‐Tube (iezTube): An Entirely Self‐Contained Biofuel Cell for Wearable Green Bio‐energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Jingjuan , Sun Mimi , Pei Xinyi , Zheng Long , Ma Chongbo , Liu Jian , Cao Mengzhu , Bai Jing , Zhou Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWearable biofuel cells (BFCs) technologies have the potential to address the challenge of on‐body energy supply of wearable electronics. However, previous wearable BFCs primarily focus on “worn‐on‐skin” sweat ones, which can hardly directly generate steady and nonintermittent electricity under certain but almost ineluctable wearable circumstances (e.g., intermittent sweating, perspiration biofuel concentration fluctuation, and dynamic contact between wearable BFCs and epidermal sweat). Here, in an alternative “worn‐close to‐skin” manner, the first example of a flexible BFC‐in‐a‐tube (named iezTube) as an entirely self‐contained wearable BFC (ESW‐BFC) for wearable energy generation by integrating a single‐layer fluff pulp (FP)‐based microfluidic module for the efficient sampling/utilization of biofuel fluids and the steady contact between biofuel fluids and wearable BFC with a flexible nano‐engineered BFC‐based BFC module for real‐time bio‐energy generation, along with an air‐breathing module that is based on a breathable and waterproof non‐woven tapes covered centrifuge tube‐based for continuous oxidizer supply, is reported. Through the seamless system integration, effective series‐connection pattern, and diverse readily accessible biofuel fluids pre‐collection, the iezTube demonstrates an exceptional capability to steadily and nonintermittently power wearable electronics under some certain but nearly ineluctable wearable circumstances and holds considerable and inimitable prospects as an ESW‐BFC for wearable electronics.
2D Zn‐Porphyrin‐Based Co(II)‐MOF with 2‐Methylimidazole Sitting Axially on the Paddle–Wheel Units: An Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Bioassay for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Li Yi‐Xuan , Li Jing , Zhu Dunru , Wang Ju‐Zheng , Shu Guo‐Fang , Li Junji , Zhang Sheng‐Li , Zhang Xue‐Ji , Cosnier Serge , Zeng Hai‐Bo , Shan Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh electrocatalytic activity with tunable luminescence is crucial for the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores. In this study, a porphyrin‐based heterobimetallic 2D metal organic framework (MOF), [(ZnTCPP)Co2(MeIm)] (1), is successfully self‐assembled from the zinc(II) tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine (ZnTCPP) linker and cobalt(II) ions in the presence of 2‐methylimidazole (MeIm) by a facile one‐pot reaction in methanol at room temperature. On the basis of the experimental results and the theoretical calculations, the MOF 1 contains paddle–wheel [Co2(‐CO2)4] secondary building units (SBUs) axially coordinated by a MeIm ligand, which is very beneficial to the electron transfer between the Co(II) ions and oxygen. Combining the photosensitizers ZnTCPP and the electroactive [Co2(‐CO2)4] SBUs, the 2D MOF 1 possesses an excellent ECL performance, and can be used as a novel ECL probe for rapid nonamplified detection of the RdRp gene of SARS‐CoV‐2 with an extremely low limit of detection (≈30 aM).
Improved Solubility in Metavalently Bonded Solid Leads to Band Alignment, Ultralow Thermal Conductivity, and High Thermoelectric Performance in SnTe
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Zhang Xuemei , Nan Pengfei , Zou Bo , Zhang Qingtang , Hou Yunxiang , Li Shuang , Gong Yaru , Liu Qingfeng , Ge Binghui , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Yu Yuan , Zhang Yongsheng , Chen Guang , Wuttig Matthias , Tang Guodong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSnTe is an emerging Pb‐free thermoelectric compound that has drawn significant attention for clean energy conversion. Chemical doping is routinely used to tailor its charge carrier concentration and electronic band structures. However, the efficacy of dopants is often limited by their small solubility. For example, only 0.5% Ag can be incorporated into the SnTe matrix. Yet, significantly more Ag (>7%) can be dissolved if SnTe is alloyed with AgSbTe2. This large enhancement of solubility can be understood from a chemical bonding perspective. Both SnTe and AgSbTe2 employ metavalent bonding as identified by an unusual bond‐rupture in atom probe tomography. Density functional theory calculations show that upon Ag doping the energy offset of the upmost two valence bands decreases significantly. This induces band alignment in SnTe, which results in an enhanced power factor over a broad temperature range. Moreover, the increased concentration of point defects and associated lattice strain lead to strong phonon scattering and softening, contributing to an extremely low κL of 0.30 Wm−1K−1. These synergistic effects contribute to a peak ZT of 1.8 at 873 K and a record‐high average ZT of ≈1.0 between 400 and 873 K in Sn0.87Mn0.08Sb0.08Te–5%AgSbTe2 alloy.
Interfacial Effect Boosts the Performance of All‐Polymer Ionic Thermoelectric Supercapacitors
Authors: Mardi Saeed , Zhao Dan , Tybrandt Klas , Reale Andrea , Crispin Xavier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIonic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) have recently been developed for converting low‐grade waste heat into electricity. Until now, most reports of ITESCs have been focused on the development of electrolytes, which then have been combined with a specific electrode material. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrode is not only critical for electrical energy storage but also greatly affects the effective thermopower (Seff) of an ITESC. It is shown that the same ion gel can generate a positive thermopower in an ITESC when using gold nanowire (AuNW) electrodes, while generating a negative thermopower when using poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. The achieved negative sign of the Seff could be attributed to the Donnan exclusive effect from the polyanions in the PEDOT:PSS electrodes. After examining the thermovoltage, capacitance and charge retention performance of the two ITESCs, it is concluded that PEDOT:PSS is superior to AuNWs as electrodes. Moreover, a new strategy of constructing an ionic thermopile of multiple p‐ and n‐type legs is achieved by series‐connecting these legs with same electrolyte but different electrodes. Using interfacial effect at ionic gels/PEDOT:PSS electrode interface, an enhanced thermoelectric effect in ITESCs is obtained, which constitutes one more step towards efficient, low‐cost, flexible, and printable ionic thermoelectric modules for energy harvesting.
In Situ Growth of Se‐NiSx Pine‐Needle‐Like Nanowires on Nickel Foam: Boosting Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction in Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yuan Zhixuan , Li Zilong , Chen Zewei , Xu Weilong , Zhu Junmin , Li Xiulan , Xu Jinchang , Peng Yujie , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Yu Xiang , Meng Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogen production from overall water splitting assisted by organic oxidation reforming reaction is an innovative method to improve the anode behavior. Utilizing transition metal chalcogenides where the electronic states are regulated by anion modification, hexagonal Se‐NiSx pine‐needle‐like nanowires are prepared via a simple one‐pot hydrothermal reaction without any post‐processing steps. The nanowires can serve as ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) catalyst with outstanding electrocatalytic activity (j100 = 1.36 V) and long‐term durability. In the practical tests of the hybrid water splitting, the catalyst required only 1.50 V to obtain 50 mA cm−2, and worked stably for over 50 h at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 accompanied by an excellent selectivity (FE = 98.0%). These demonstrate that the introduction of Se significantly improves the catalytic performance of transition‐metal chalcogenides for EOR, indicating a new avenue for the design and improvement of other electrocatalysts.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Dopant Contrast Imaging of Phosphorus‐Diffused Silicon
Authors: Zhang Yu , Scardera Giuseppe , Wang Shaozhou , Abbott Malcolm , Payne David , Hoex Bram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhosphorous dopant diffusion profiles feature in many silicon semiconductor devices, including the vast majority of silicon solar cells. Accurate spatially resolved dopant profiling is crucial for understanding the performance of these diffused regions, however, it is very challenging to obtain such profiles in non‐planar samples. Scanning electron microscopy for dopant contrast imaging (SEMDCI), where the secondary electron (SE) image contrast is used to determine the dopant level of a semiconductor sample, is an ideal candidate for Si dopant profiling, especially for silicon samples with surface nanotexturing or black silicon (BSi) technology. However, in previous SEMDCI studies, the dopant concentration of heavily doped n‐type layers in silicon samples have shown a poor correlation with the SE signal contrast. In this work, 1) good contrast for n‐type diffused silicon without contrast‐enhancing techniques; 2) a new contrast definition to account for imaging non‐uniformities; 3) clear correlations between SE contrast and sample work function for phosphorus‐diffused planar silicon specimens across a wide range of emitter profiles; 4) implementation of an empirical baseline correction to normalize scanning electron microscopy image condition variations, are presented. This SEMDCI method is subsequently used for the first time to obtain 2D electron concentration maps for both planar and BSi samples.
High Light‐Utilization‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Windows with Over 40% Transmittance Enabled by a Printable Bionic Photonic Reflector
Authors: Wu Xueting , Liu Siqi , Li Haojie , Meng Xiangchuan , Hu Xiaotian , Guo Rui , Chen Yiwang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have promising applications in building materials, automobiles, and green windows. However, photovoltaic building materials have a requirement for transmittance, which only reaches over 40% and can satisfy the condition of energy saving. In this work, a printable bionic photonic reflector is introduced to overcome the insufficient light utilization efficiency (LUE) of ST‐OSCs. The inverse‐opal photonic crystal reflectors can enhance the secondary absorption of the active layer by adjusting the particle size to reflect the wavelength of light, which can match with the absorption of the donor. Meanwhile, it allows other wavelengths of sunlight to be passed through for transmittance. With this strategy, power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT) are simultaneously improved. As a result, the PCE is improved to 9.93% with an AVT of 40.36%, and the LUE is significantly improved from 3.63% to 4.01%, which is a great advance in the performance of ST‐OSCs reported.
A “Nonsolvent Quenching” Strategy for 3D Printing of Polysaccharide Scaffolds with Immunoregulatory Accuracy
Authors: Liao Zhencheng , Niu Yiming , Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Jiaxi , Sun Xiaoyan , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract3D printing enables the customized design of implant structures for accurately regulating host responses. However, polysaccharides, as a major biomaterial category with versatile immune activities, are typically “non‐printable” due to the collapse of their filaments extruded during printing. This challenge renders their potential as immunomodulatory scaffolds underexploited. Here, inspired by the quench hardening in metal processing, a nonsolvent quenching (NSQ) strategy is innovatively designed for the 3D printing of polysaccharides. Through rapid solvent exchanging, NSQ instantly induces surface hardening to strengthen the polysaccharide filaments upon extrusion, requiring neither chemical modification nor physical blending that alters the material properties. Tested with five polysaccharides with varying physicochemical properties, NSQ prints predesigned structures at organ‐relevant scales and a long shelf‐life over 3 months. Glucomannan scaffolds, fabricated via NSQ with different grid spacings (1.5 and 2.5 cm), induce distinct host responses upon murine subcutaneous implantation—from specific carbohydrate receptor activation to differential immunocytes accumulation and tissue matrix remodeling—as mechanistically validated in wild‐type and Tlr2−/− knockout mice. Overall, NSQ as a facile and generic strategy is demonstrated to fabricate polysaccharide scaffolds with improved shape fidelity, thereby potentially unmasking their accurate immunomodulatory activities for future biomaterials design.
Mechanically Robust Hydrogels Facilitating Bone Regeneration through Epigenetic Modulation
Authors: Yu Tingting , Zhang Lingyun , Dou Xueyu , Bai Rushui , Wang Hufei , Deng Jie , Zhang Yunfan , Sun Qiannan , Li Qian , Wang Xing , Han Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment of artificial biomaterials by mimicking extracellular matrix of bone tissue is a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Hydrogel has emerged as a type of viable substitute, but its inhomogeneous networks and weak mechanics greatly impede clinical applications. Here, a dual crosslinked gelling system is developed with tunable architectures and mechanics to promote osteogenic capacity. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is designated as a rigid core surrounded by six disulfide‐linked PEG shells and two 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) groups. Thiol‐disulfide exchange is employed to fabricate chemical network because of the pH‐responsive “on/off” function. While self‐complementary UPy motif is capable of optimizing local microstructure to enhance mechanical properties. Taking the merits of biocompatibility and high‐mechanics in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) proliferation, attachment, and osteogenesis, hybrid hydrogel exhibits outstanding osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, it is the first time that a key epigenetic regulator of ten‐eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) is discovered to significantly elevate the continuously active the WNT/β‐catenin through Tet2/HDAC1/E‐cadherin/β‐catenin signaling cascade, thereby promoting PDLSCs osteogenesis. This work represents a general strategy to design the hydrogels with customized networks and biomimetic mechanics, and illustrates underlying osteogenic mechanisms that will extend the design rationales for high‐functional biomaterials in tissue engineering.
Visualization of the Dynamics of Invasion and Intravasation of the Bacterium That Causes Lyme Disease in a Tissue Engineered Dermal Microvessel Model
Authors: Guo Zhaobin , Zhao Nan , Chung Tracy D. , Singh Anjan , Pandey Ikshu , Wang Linus , Gu Xinyue , Ademola Aisha , Linville Raleigh M. , Pal Utpal , Dumler J. Stephen , Searson Peter C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLyme disease is a tick‐borne disease prevalent in North America, Europe, and Asia. Despite the accumulated knowledge from epidemiological, in vitro, and in animal studies, the understanding of dissemination of vector‐borne pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), remains incomplete with several important knowledge gaps, especially related to invasion and intravasation into circulation. To elucidate the mechanistic details of these processes a tissue‐engineered human dermal microvessel model is developed. Fluorescently labeled Bb are injected into the extracellular matrix (ECM) to mimic tick inoculation. High resolution, confocal imaging is performed to visualize the sub‐acute phase of infection. From analysis of migration paths no evidence to support adhesin‐mediated interactions between Bb and ECM components is found, suggesting that collagen fibers serve as inert obstacles to migration. Intravasation occurs at cell–cell junctions and is relatively fast, consistent with Bb swimming in ECM. In addition, it is found that Bb alone can induce endothelium activation, resulting in increased immune cell adhesion but no changes in global or local permeability. Together these results provide new insight into the minimum requirements for Bb dissemination and highlight how tissue‐engineered models are complementary to animal models in visualizing dynamic processes associated with vector‐borne pathogens.
Toward High‐Areal‐Capacity Electrodes for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yijun , Zhao Bo , Yang Yuan , Cao Anyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, extensive nanomaterials and related techniques have been proposed to achieve high capacities surpassing conventional battery electrodes. Nevertheless, most of them show low mass loadings and areal capacities, which deteriorates the cell‐level energy densities and increases cost after the consideration of inactive components in batteries. Achieving high‐areal‐capacity is essential for those advanced materials to move out of laboratories and into practical applications, yet remains challenging due to the decreased mechanical properties and sluggish electrochemical kinetics at elevated mass loadings. In this paper, the previously reported strategies for promoting areal lithium storage performance, including material‐level designs, electrode‐level architecture optimization, and novel manufacturing techniques are reviewed. Sodium‐ion battery electrodes are discussed subsequently, emphatically on its difference with those for lithium storage. Pouch‐cell‐level energy densities based on high‐areal‐capacity electrodes with different thicknesses are also estimated. For each category of these strategies, working principles, advantages, and possible problems are analyzed, with typical examples presented in detail and a summary table comparing the structures and achieved performance. Finally, the features of the high‐areal‐capacity electrodes demonstrated in this review are concluded, and overlooked issues and potential research directions in this field are summarized.
Evaluation of breeding and growth performances of crossbreds and backcrossbreds with purebreds of Bangladeshi and Vietnamese climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Lutfar , Dipu Shamima Yeasmin , Haque Farhana , Rafiquzzaman Sheikh Mohammed , Alam Mohammad Shafiqul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to improve the growth rate of the Bangladeshi native climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) through crossbreeding with Vietnam‐originated climbing perch, which is commercially cultured in Bangladesh. Therefore, crossbred between native and Vietnam strains of A. testudineus were evaluated in the first year (F1) as T1—Native ♀ × Native ♂, T2—Vietnam ♀ × Vietnam ♂, T3—Native ♀ × Vietnam ♂, and T4—Vietnam ♀ × Native ♂. In the second year (F2), backcrosses were performed between native and F1 generations as T5—Native ♀ × F1 (T3) ♂ and T6‐F1 (T3) ♀ × Native ♂ following five replicates in each treatment group. The F1 crossbreds of T4 were irregular in size with low survivability than T3, and therefore were not used as a parent in the second‐year backcross experiment. The breeding performances were reduced in the T4 (F1) and T6 (F2) compared to purebreds (T1 and T2). The specific growth rate (0.75%/day) of T5 and T6 was substantially lower than T3 and T4 but was considerably superior to the T1 and T2 purebred. The heterosis effect was highly evident in T6 (27.94%), whereas negative heterosis was determined in the crossbreds of the F1 generation (T4). Ten morphometric characteristics were compared and the caudal fin length, pectoral fin length, eye diameter, and body depth were responsible for the variation among T1–T6 groups by the second principal component. Furthermore, the results showed that the Bangladeshi native female climbing perch is linked with better breeding performances, and the Vietnam strain male is linked with better growth performance. Finally, the current breeding programme could enhance native climbing perch growth and survivability, which may have aquaculture potential and can be used through careful artificial selection on the commercial farm.