bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of water phase near the poles of the Moon from gravity aspects
Authors: Kletetschka Gunther , Klokočník Jaroslav , Hasson Nicholas , Kostelecký Jan , Bezděk Aleš , Karimi Kurosh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur Moon periodically moves through the magnetic tail of the Earth that contains terrestrial ions of hydrogen and oxygen. A possible density contrast might have been discovered that could be consistent with the presence of water phase of potential terrestrial origin. Using novel gravity aspects (descriptors) derived from harmonic potential coefficients of gravity field of the Moon, we discovered gravity strike angle anomalies that point to water phase locations in the polar regions of the Moon. Our analysis suggests that impact cratering processes were responsible for specific pore space network that were subsequently filled with the water phase filling volumes of permafrost in the lunar subsurface. In this work, we suggest the accumulation of up to ~ 3000 km3 of terrestrial water phase (Earth’s atmospheric escape) now filling the pore spaced regolith, portion of which is distributed along impact zones of the polar regions of the Moon. These unique locations serve as potential resource utilization sites for future landing exploration and habitats (e.g., NASA Artemis Plan objectives).
Spirometry has added value over electrodermal activity as a physiological marker of mental load in male subjects
Authors: Neukirchen Tobias , Stork Moritz , Hoppe Matthias W. , Vorstius Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective distinction of different types of mental demands as well as their intensity is relevant for research and practical application but poses a challenge for established physiological methods. We investigated whether respiratory gases (oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output) are suitable to distinguish between emotional stress and cognitive load. To this end, we compared the application of spirometry with an established procedure, namely electrodermal activity (EDA). Our results indicate that electrodermal activity shows a strong responsivity to emotional stress induction, which was highly correlated with its responsivity to cognitive load. Respiratory gases were both sensitive and specific to cognitive load and had the advantage of being predictive for cognitive performance as well as self-reported emotional state. These results support the notion that respiratory gases are a valuable complement to common physiological procedures in the detection and discrimination of different mental demands.
Research on integrated simulation platform for urban traffic control connecting simulation and practice
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhao Qi , Yu Pei , Li Jing , Yao Di , Wang Xinzhe , Wang Li , Zhang Lingyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThough effective in theoretical simulation, the established traffic control models and optimization algorithms will result in model mismatch or even control strategy failure in actual application. However, they are commonly adopted in traffic signal control research, resulting in the unavailability of many exceptional control algorithms in practice. Simulation should function as a bridge between theoretical research and actual application, allowing the gap between the two to be communicated and made up for. However, an effective connection between the two has yet to be established to enable simulation methods in existing traffic control research. To this end, we designed and developed a simulation platform for "Online Application—HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation)—Practice" integration over traffic signal control. In this paper, the architecture and characteristics of the integrated simulation platform were described. Besides, the function of each module of the platform was detailed, followed by listing simulation examples for six complex scenarios, with the active control scenario being selected for simulation comparison analysis. The findings demonstrated extensive road network simulation with the integrated simulation platform, multidimensional control variables, control strategies with support, as well as stable and reliable operation. It can be used to verify several sorts of traffic control simulation with variable dimensions.
Rapid DNA visual detection of polymicrobial bloodstream infection using filter paper
Authors: Song Yajing , Gyarmati Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBloodstream infection (BSI) is a major complication in patients with cancers due to therapy-induced neutropenia and underlying conditions, which increases hospitalization time and mortality rate. Targeted and timely antimicrobial management is crucial to save the patients’ lives and reduce the social and economic burdens. Blood culture is a routine clinical diagnostic method of BSI with a long turnaround time, and generally identifies monomicrobial BSI. Thus, polymicrobial BSI often goes undetected although it occurs more frequently in these patients and results in more severe outcomes compared to monomicrobial BSI. In this work, we apply glutaric anhydride, N-hydroxysuccinimide and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to fabricate a functional surface on cellulose filter paper. Targeting three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human cytomegalovirus) commonly occurring in BSI in neutropenic patients, we demonstrate rapid and accurate triplex pathogen DNA detection using the functionalized paper. All three pathogen DNA was identified in 1–5 min with a detection limit of 0.1–0.5 ng/µL. The developed test tool has the potential to provide rapid polymicrobial BSI diagnosis in support of timely, accurate antimicrobial treatment, and could be integrated into an automatic sample-to-result portable equipment.
In-vivo functional and structural retinal imaging using multiwavelength photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy
Authors: Hosseinaee Zohreh , Pellegrino Nicholas , Abbasi Nima , Amiri Tara , Simmons James A. Tummon , Fieguth Paul , Haji Reza Parsin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany important eye diseases as well as systemic disorders manifest themselves in the retina. Retinal imaging technologies are rapidly growing and can provide ever-increasing amounts of information about the structure, function, and molecular composition of retinal tissue in-vivo. Photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) is a novel imaging modality based on all-optical detection of photoacoustic signals, which makes it suitable for a wide range of medical applications. In this study, PARS is applied for in-vivo imaging of the retina and estimating oxygen saturation in the retinal vasculature. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a non-contact photoacoustic imaging technique is applied for in-vivo imaging of the retina. Here, optical coherence tomography is also used as a well-established retinal imaging technique to navigate the PARS imaging beams and demonstrate the capabilities of the optical imaging setup. The system is applied for in-vivo imaging of both microanatomy and the microvasculature of the retina. The developed system has the potential to advance the understanding of the ocular environment and to help in monitoring of ophthalmic diseases.
Operational parameters optimization for remediation of crude oil-polluted water in floating treatment wetlands using response surface methodology
Authors: Rehman Khadeeja , Arslan Muhammad , Müller Jochen A. , Saeed Muhammad , Anwar Samina , Islam Ejazul , Imran Asma , Amin Imran , Mustafa Tanveer , Iqbal Samina , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an innovative nature-based solution for the remediation of polluted water. The rational improvement of water treatment via FTWs is typically based on multifactorial experiments which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here, we used the response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of FTW’s operational parameters for the remediation of water polluted by crude oil. The central composite design (CCD) of RSM was used to generate the experimental layout for testing the effect of the variables hydrocarbon, nutrient, and surfactant concentrations, aeration, and retention time on the hydrocarbon removal in 50 different FTW test systems planted with the common reed, Phragmites australis. The results from these FTW were used to formulate a mathematical model in which the computational data strongly correlated with the experimental results. The operational parameters were further optimized via modeling prediction plus experimental validation in test FTW systems. In the FTW with optimized parameters, there was a 95% attenuation of the hydrocarbon concentration, which was very close to the 98% attenuation predicted by the model. The cost-effectiveness ratio showed a reduction of the treatment cost up to $0.048/liter of wastewater. The approach showed that RSM is a useful strategy for designing FTW experiments and optimizing operational parameters.
Numerical solution for circular tunnel excavated in strain-softening rock masses considering damaged zone
Authors: Li Jinwang , Shen Caihua , He Xiufeng , Zheng Xiangtian , Yuan Jiaojiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the extensive investigation on the stress and displacement distributions in tunnels, few have considered the influences of the damaged zone around a tunnel on the strength and stiffness parameters of the surrounding rock, including the gradual variation in the damaged factor D and dimensionless damaged radius $$\rho^{{\text{d}}}$$

ρ
d

, under the effect of excavation disturbance. In this paper, a numerical solution is presented for the stresses and displacement of a circular tunnel excavated in a Hoek–Brown rock mass considering the progressive destruction of the damaged zone. First, the results obtained using the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained using other numerical solutions, demonstrating a high degree of accuracy through some examples. Second, the influences of the damaged factor $$D$$
D
and dimensionless damaged radius $$\rho^{d}$$

ρ
d

on the stresses, radial displacement, plastic radii, and ground response curve are investigated. The results show that, as the damaged factor D increases, the radial displacement and plastic radius increase, whereas the tangential stress decreases. Both the plastic radius and displacement decrease with decreasing $$\rho^{{\text{d}}}$$

ρ
d

. This shows that the damaged factor D has a significant effect on tunnel convergence.
Optimizing the sensitivity and resolution of hyaluronan analysis with solid-state nanopores
Authors: Rivas Felipe , DeAngelis Paul L. , Rahbar Elaheh , Hall Adam R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) is an essential carbohydrate in vertebrates that is a potentially robust bioindicator due to its critical roles in diverse physiological functions in health and disease. The intricate size-dependent function that exists for HA and its low abundance in most biological fluids have highlighted the need for sensitive technologies to provide accurate and quantitative assessments of polysaccharide molecular weight and concentration. We have demonstrated that solid state (SS-) nanopore technology can be exploited for this purpose, given its molecular sensitivity and analytical capacity, but there remains a need to further understand the impacts of experimental variables on the SS-nanopore signal for optimal interpretation of results. Here, we use model quasi-monodisperse HA polymers to determine the dependence of HA signal characteristics on a range of SS-nanopore measurement conditions, including applied voltage, pore diameter, and ionic buffer asymmetry. Our results identify important factors for improving the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and sensitivity of HA analysis with SS-nanopores.
Potassium permanganate dye removal from synthetic wastewater using a novel, low-cost adsorbent, modified from the powder of Foeniculum vulgare seeds
Authors: Bani-Atta Suhair. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, Seeds powder of Foeniculum vulgare was used to prepare a novel adsorbent, the modification of the prepared adsorbent was done by each of ZnCl2, oxalic acid, and CuS, all samples have been characterized by different techniques and examined for Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) adsorption. Among the four modified and unmodified adsorbents, the sample modified by oxalic acid has the highest percentage removal for KMnO4 adsorption (%R = 89.36). The impact of KMnO4 concentration, adsorbent dose, contact temperature, contact time, and solution pH on the adsorption performance was also investigated. The experimental data of this adsorption was analyzed by different kinetic and isotherm models. As Constants of thermodynamic ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° have been also evaluated. Surface area, pore volume, and pore size of the modified oxalic acid F. vulgare seeds powder adsorbent were determined as 0.6806 m2 g−1, 0.00215 cm3 g−1, and 522.063 Å, as pHZPC also was stated to be 7.2. The R2 values obtained from applying different isotherm and kinetic models (0.999 and 0.996) showed that the adsorption performance of KMnO4 follows the Langmuir and Pseudo 2nd order models. Furthermore, high adsorption capacities of 1111.11, 1250.00, and 1428.57 mg g−1 were achieved at three temperatures that were used in this study. Constants of thermodynamic ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values indicate chemical and spontaneous adsorption at the adsorbent surface. Therefore, the modified adsorbent can be used to remove KMnO4 dye from pollutant water samples.
Factors related to the location of pigment epithelial detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Kang Edward , Oh Jaeryung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPigment epithelial detachment (PED) is common in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), which is almost always associated with PED, is found in a higher proportion than previously expected. Using en-face optical coherence tomography, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the PED location in relation to various geometric landmarks including the foveal centre (FC), greatest choroidal thickness (GCT) point and optic disc centre. In a total of 98 eyes, the distance from the FC to PED centroid was correlated with the ratio of GCT to subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.278, P = 0.006) and the distance from the FC to GCT point (r = 0.371, P < 0.001). Eyes with CNV had a shorter distance between the PED centroid and FC (700 ± 439 μm) than those without (1191 ± 964 μm, P = 0.001). Analysis of covariance showed that the distance from the FC to the PED centroid was significantly correlated with the distance from the FC to the GCT point (P = 0.009) and the PED group with and without CNV (P = 0.020). This result suggests that the development of complicated PED with CNV can be related to both choroidal vascular abnormalities and retinal pigment epithelial insufficiency.
Exploring interactions between maturity status and playing time with fluctuations in physical fitness and hormonal markers in youth soccer players
Authors: Eskandarifard Ebrahim , Nobari Hadi , Sogut Mustafa , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Figueiredo António José 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the differences in functional capacities and hormonal indices according to biological maturity and seasonal playing time status in young soccer players. Twenty-three male under-15 players (14.6 ± 0.2 years) were divided into two groups, based on their maturity status and seasonal playing time. They were measured for anthropometrics, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1), seven repeated sprint test (7RST), countermovement jump (CMJ), skeletal age, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level. Age at peak height velocity (APHV) was determined to estimate the maturity timing. The results revealed that players who advanced in maturation were significantly heavier (p = 0.029) and had higher values in skeletal age (p < 0.001), sitting height (p = 0.005), CMJ (p = 0.038), and IGF-1 (p = 0.013). Players given greater playing time exhibited significantly lower fatigue index (p = 0.012), but higher CMJ (p = 0.003) and IGF-1 (p = 0.001) values. The overall results highlighted that early-maturing players and players with greater playing time obtained higher values in both CMJ and IGF-1. The findings may provide an insight on the coaches’ evaluation of players and on the possible factors that may affect the future playing status of young male soccer players.
A case study of petrophysical rock typing and permeability prediction using machine learning in a heterogenous carbonate reservoir in Iran
Authors: Mohammadian Erfan , Kheirollahi Mahdi , Liu Bo , Ostadhassan Mehdi , Sabet Maziyar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPetrophysical rock typing (PRT) and permeability prediction are of great significance for various disciplines of oil and gas industry. This study offers a novel, explainable data-driven approach to enhance the accuracy of petrophysical rock typing via a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods. 128 core data, including porosity, permeability, connate water saturation (Swc), and radius of pore throats at 35% mercury injection (R35) were obtained from a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in Iran and used to train a supervised machine learning algorithm called Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The algorithm output was a modified formation zone index (FZIM*), which was used to accurately estimate permeability (R2 = 0.97) and R35 (R2 = 0.95). Moreover, FZIM* was combined with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (K-means clustering) to find the optimum number of PRTs. 4 petrophysical rock types (PRTs) were identified via this method, and the range of their properties was discussed. Lastly, shapely values and parameter importance analysis were conducted to explain the correlation between each input parameter and the output and the contribution of each parameter on the value of FZIM*. Permeability and R35 were found to be most influential parameters, where Swc had the lowest impact on FZIM*.
Self-assembly growth of electrolytic silver dendrites
Authors: Tsai Wen-Chieh , Lin Kwang-Lung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe atomic level assembly of silver dendrite has never been disclosed despite the numerous studies published on fractal dendrite structures. We report for the first time an HRTEM investigation of the formation of atomic embryos (< 5 nm) and the self-assembly of atoms on an atomic plane of the tip of a dendrite arm. The mechanism of dendrite formation proceeds via the sequence of amorphous embryos aggregates (5–10 nm), nuclei, crystallites (10–20 nm), dendritelets (50–100 nm) and submicron dendrite protypes. The atomic plane is an entirely atomic-level zig-zag structure with d-spacing kink steps. The zig-zag structure triggers the self-assembly of atoms and thus directional growth to produce a dendrite arm with a high aspect ratio.
Positive selection acts on regulatory genetic variants in populations of European ancestry that affect ALDH2 gene expression
Authors: Schaschl Helmut , Göllner Tobias , Morris David L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractALDH2 is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that protects cells from acetaldehyde toxicity. Using iHS, iSAFE and FST statistics, we identified regulatory acting variants affecting ALDH2 gene expression under positive selection in populations of European ancestry. Several SNPs (rs3184504, rs4766578, rs10774625, rs597808, rs653178, rs847892, rs2013002) that function as eQTLs for ALDH2 in various tissues showed evidence of strong positive selection. Very large pairwise FST values indicated high genetic differentiation at these loci between populations of European ancestry and populations of other global ancestries. Estimating the timing of positive selection on the beneficial alleles suggests that these variants were recently adapted approximately 3000–3700 years ago. The derived beneficial alleles are in complete linkage disequilibrium with the derived ALDH2 promoter variant rs886205, which is associated with higher transcriptional activity. The SNPs rs4766578 and rs847892 are located in binding sequences for the transcription factor HNF4A, which is an important regulatory element of ALDH2 gene expression. In contrast to the missense variant ALDH2 rs671 (ALDH2*2), which is common only in East Asian populations and is associated with greatly reduced enzyme activity and alcohol intolerance, the beneficial alleles of the regulatory variants identified in this study are associated with increased expression of ALDH2. This suggests adaptation of Europeans to higher alcohol consumption.
Learning accurate personalized survival models for predicting hospital discharge and mortality of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Qi Shi-ang , Kuan Li-Hao , Sun Weijie , Zhang Jianfei , Greiner Russell 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince it emerged in December of 2019, COVID-19 has placed a huge burden on medical care in countries throughout the world, as it led to a huge number of hospitalizations and mortalities. Many medical centers were overloaded, as their intensive care units and auxiliary protection resources proved insufficient, which made the effective allocation of medical resources an urgent matter. This study describes learned survival prediction models that could help medical professionals make effective decisions regarding patient triage and resource allocation. We created multiple data subsets from a publicly available COVID-19 epidemiological dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of various combinations of covariates—age, sex, geographic location, and chronic disease status—in learning survival models (here, “Individual Survival Distributions”; ISDs) for hospital discharge and also for death events. We then supplemented our datasets with demographic and economic information to obtain potentially more accurate survival models. Our extensive experiments compared several ISD models, using various measures. These results show that the “gradient boosting Cox machine” algorithm outperformed the competing techniques, in terms of these performance evaluation metrics, for predicting both an individual’s likelihood of hospital discharge and COVID-19 mortality. Our curated datasets and code base are available at our Github repository for reproducing the results reported in this paper and for supporting future research.
Integrative analysis reveals the functional implications and clinical relevance of pyroptosis in low-grade glioma
Authors: Shen Lin , Li Yanyan , Li Na , Zhao Yajie , Zhou Qin , Shen Liangfang , Li Zhanzhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (training dataset) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (validation dataset), we found that low-grade gliomas can be divided into two molecular subclasses based on 30 pyroptosis genes. Cluster 1 presented higher immune cell and immune function scores and poorer prognosis than Cluster 2. We established a prognostic model based on 10 pyroptosis genes; the model could predict overall survival in glioma and was well validated in an independent dataset. The high-risk group had relatively higher immune cell and immune function scores and lower DNA methylation levels in pyroptosis genes than the low-risk group. There were no marked differences in pyroptosis gene alterations between the high- and low-risk groups. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network uncovered the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation patterns of the different risk groups in low-grade glioma. Five pairs of target genes and drugs were identified. In vitro, CASP8 silencing inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells. The expression of pyroptosis genes can reflect the molecular biological and clinical features of low-grade glioma subclasses. The developed prognostic model can predict overall survival and distinguish molecular alterations in patients. Our integrated analyses could provide valuable guidelines for improving risk management and therapy for low-grade glioma patients.