bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apical-to-basal graded ROS metabolism in intact Hydra leads to distinct levels of injury-induced ROS signaling in apical and basal regenerating tips
Authors: Suknovic Nenad , Reiter-Karam Silke , Chara Osvaldo , Buzgariu Wanda , Martinvalet Denis , Galliot Brigitte 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAfter mid-gastric bisection, Hydra regenerates a head from the lower half and a basal disc from the upper one. What signals elicit two distinct regenerative responses in bisected Hydra remains unknown. A mathematical modeling approach based on quantitative data linked to MAPK activation and injury-induced cell death predicts an immediate release of a locally restricted short-lived signal in apical-regenerating tips. We found that Reactive oxygen species (ROS) fulfill this role as evidenced by the injury-induced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), three-fold higher in apical-regenerating tips than in basal ones. By contrast, mitochondrial superoxide (mtO2.-) is similarly produced on each side of the cut, playing a positive role on wound healing as mtO2.- scavenging delays healing whereas knocking-down Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) leads to mtO2.- accumulation and acceleration of wound-healing. In intact Hydra, the ROS-processing enzyme activities are inversely graded along the body column, basal-to-apical for SOD and apical-to-basal for catalase, explaining the asymmetrical levels of H2O2 after bisection. High H2O2 levels trigger injury-induced cell death via paracrine signaling in apical-regenerating tips, where NOX4 and CYBB enzymes amplify them. Hence, the asymmetrical regulation of H2O2 levels immediately after amputation is crucial to activate two distinct regenerative responses in Hydra.
The impact of COVID-19 on food rescue organisations in Aotearoa New Zealand and future crisis management
Authors: Clare Grace , Mirosa Miranda , Bremer Phil 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe study analyses the resilience of food rescue organisations’ operating as “essential services” in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) in Aotearoa New Zealand. It explores the impact of COVID-19 on the organisations’ operation, preparedness, and potential positive impacts.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with 19 out of 23 active food rescue organisations across the country. Interview participants included CEOs, founders, managers, and coordinators.FindingsThe study identifies six impact areas experienced by food rescue organisations during COVID-19, policy and preparedness, funding, operation - logistics and personnel, supply continuity, food security and sector collaboration. Despite these impacts, the organisations showcased admirable resilience through innovation, adaptability, and collaborative practices, enabling the continuation of their services during the crisis.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a three-stage crisis management framework to guide the development and implementation of a crisis management plan to improve the resilience and preparedness of food rescue organisations’ response to future crises. The framework is flexible and adaptable to each food rescue organisation’s unique operation and capacity.Originality/valueThis paper offers a retrospective analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on 83% of food rescue organisations in Aotearoa New Zealand. It is the first paper to study the impact of COVID-19 on food rescue organisations.
A hybrid framework to model resilience in the generic medicine supply chain of MSMEs
Authors: Shweta Shweta , Kumar Dinesh , Chandra Dheeraj 
Published: October 2022

PurposeOne of the most important components of healthcare is the timely delivery of pharmaceutical products, such as life-saving medicines. However, disruptions like COVID-19 bring new challenges and risks to the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) and healthcare organizations that impact their operational performance. This study focuses on mitigating risks in India's generic medicine supply chain (GMSC) as a result of various disruptions, which can assist policymakers develop appropriate plans and strategies to build resilience in the Jan Aushadhi Scheme (JAS) of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in order to improve their overall performance.Design/methodology/approachRisk-causing vulnerabilities and resilience capabilities are identified from the literature review and expert's opinions. Following that, the vulnerabilities are classified into cause-and-effect vulnerabilities, and supply chain resilient capabilities (SCRCs) are measured using a hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL and best worst method (FDEMATEL-BMW) framework.FindingsThe outcome of the study reveals that transportation breakdown, loss of human resources and loss of suppliers are the potential risk-causing vulnerabilities that lead to vulnerabilities like shortages of medicines, loss of in-hand stock qualities and loss of sales/revenue. In addition, the analysis suggests that the sustainability of an organization with maximum weightage is the critical factor for building resilience in GMSC followed by flexibility, agility and visibility.Practical implicationsThe integration of resilience into Jan Aushadhi GMSC can help in managing disruptions efficiently and effectively to mitigate risk and optimize MSMEs overall performance.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work will be the first of its kind to model resilience in GMSC of MSMEs using a hybrid framework.
The effect of perceived financial risk on purchase intention in Pakistan
Authors: Khokhar Shahid , Shahid Maayda , Hafeez Sana , Tufail Muhammad Shahid 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose is to understand the fundamental mechanism of the consumer decision-making process and how perceived financial risk of search and experience goods influences electronic word-of-mouth adoption (e-WOMA) on social networking sites (SNSs), which will lead to purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on information processing theory, the study conceptualizes a moderated mediation model to investigate the underlying influence of perceived financial risk and online social ties on e-WOMA and the subsequent effect on online purchase intention. Survey data from 275 individuals were analyzed through statistical tools using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe results revealed that e-WOMA mediates the effect of perceived financial risk of search and experience goods on online purchase intention. Strength of online social ties on SNSs positively moderates the electric word of mouth adoption for both the experience and search goods.Research limitationsThe limitation of this study was about the researcher's restrictions related to the length of the survey. Moreover, causal explanations can't be deduced as this is a cross-sectional study.Practical implicationsThis research offers insight into the consumers that allow marketers to dive into the target market. Marketers should focus on social ties importance while selling products/services of markets online.Originality/valueThe study is novel in the context of an emerging economy to educate marketers on the product categorization of search goods and experience goods based on financial risk.
Bird extinctions and introductions are causing taxonomic and functional homogenization in oceanic islands
Authors: Soares Filipa C. , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Rodrigues Ana S. L. , Cardoso Pedro , de Lima Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Humans are quickly reshaping species assemblages through the loss and gain of species at multiple scales. Extinctions and introductions are non‐random events known to be contributing to taxonomic homogenization. However, it is not yet clear if they also promote functional homogenization. Here, we assess whether extinctions and introductions are leading to taxonomic and functional homogenization of 64 oceanic island bird assemblages, belonging to 11 archipelagos.

Based on island lists of extinct and extant, native and introduced species and on species traits, we use probabilistic hypervolumes in trait space to calculate functional beta‐diversity before and after extinctions and introductions. Bird extinctions and introductions promoted taxonomic and functional homogenization on most oceanic islands. These results follow our expectations, considering previous studies on taxonomic homogenization, the predictable link between taxonomic and functional diversity, and the trait similarity of many introduced species, often adapted to anthropogenic habitats, linked to the non‐randomness of bird introductions on islands.

Taxonomic homogenization was more common across than within archipelagos, also corroborating previous studies describing stronger homogenization on islands that are further apart and thus had distinctive native assemblages. Surprisingly, the widespread loss of species with similar traits, namely large flightless birds, often led to functional differentiation across archipelagos. However, this differentiation effect tended to be offset by the homogenizing effect of introductions.

Functional homogenization increases the vulnerability to global changes, by reducing the variability of responses to disturbance and thus the resilience of ecosystem services, posing a threat to human societies on islands. Our results highlight subtle variations in taxonomic and functional beta‐diversity of bird assemblages in oceanic islands, providing important insights to allow a better assessment of how anthropogenic changes might alter ecosystem functioning, which is vital to develop effective long‐term conservation strategies.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
How effective is a fat subsidy? Evidence from edible oil consumption in India
Authors: Jumrani Jaya , Meenakshi J. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTaxes on fats and sugar‐sweetened beverages are deployed in the developed world to encourage healthier diets. How effective might such fiscal instruments be in emerging economies? We evaluate the impacts of a subsidy for palm oil, introduced as part of the public distribution system in three Indian states. Using variants of the difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that palm oil consumption increased, particularly in rural areas, as a result of the subsidy, and traditional oils were displaced by cheaper palm oil. However, the intervention did not significantly alter overall edible oil consumption. These results are robust to different specifications, alternative estimation samples, and the exclusion of households who may have been potential beneficiaries of other interventions. Impacts were higher in Tamil Nadu than in other states, and were higher for vegetarian households in rural areas. There was only weak evidence of spillover income effects on other food groups. Given India's dual burden of malnutrition, our analysis suggests that fiscal policy interventions have the potential to effectively nudge consumer choices towards healthier edible oil consumption.
Influence of airway trolley organization on efficiency and team performance: A randomized, crossover simulation study
Authors: Sturesson Louise W. , Persson Karolina , Olmstead Richard , Bjurström Martin F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailed management of unanticipated difficult airway situations contributes to significant anesthesia‐related morbidity and mortality. Optimization of design and layout of difficult airway trolleys (DATs) may influence outcomes during airway emergencies. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate whether a difficult airway algorithm‐based DAT with integrated cognitive aids improves efficiency and team performance in difficult airway scenarios.MethodsIn a crossover design, 16 teams (anesthetist, nurse anesthetist, assistant nurse) completed two high‐fidelity simulated unanticipated difficult airway scenarios. Teams used both an algorithm‐based DAT and a comparison, standard DAT, in the scenarios and were randomized to order of trolley type. Outcome measures included objective efficiency parameters, team performance assessment and subjective user‐ratings. Linear mixed models ANOVA, including DAT type and order of condition as main factors, was utilized for the primary analyses of the team results.ResultsUsage of the algorithm‐based DAT was associated with fewer departures from the difficult airway algorithm (p = .010), and reduced number of unnecessary drawer openings (p = .002), but no significant differences in time to retrieval of airway devices or time to first effective ventilation, compared to the standard DAT. There were no significant differences in team performance, although participants expressed strong preference for the algorithm‐based DAT (all user‐rated measures p < .0001). Higher percentage of female members of the team improved adherence to the difficult airway algorithm (p = .043).ConclusionsAlgorithm‐based DATs with integrated cognitive aids may improve efficiency in difficult airway situations, compared to traditional DATs. These findings have implications for improvement of anesthetic practice.
The emperor has no clothes: a synthesis of findings from the Transformative Research on the Alcohol industry, Policy and Science research programme
Authors: McCambridge Jim , Mitchell Gemma , Lesch Matthew , Filippou Andreas , Golder Su , Garry Jack , Bartlett Andrew , Madden Mary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Transformative Research on the Alcohol industry, Policy and Science (TRAPS) programme investigates the alcohol industry, with an innovative focus on public health sciences. TRAPS adds to an under‐developed literature on the study of alcohol industry influence on alcohol science and policymaking. This paper provides a synthesis of TRAPS findings to inform future research.MethodsWe conducted an interpretive review of TRAPS research findings across its component studies, identifying and integrating the key contributions made by individual studies to the literature on alcohol policymaking and science, and identifying areas where TRAPS progress was limited. This produced themes for consideration in future research agenda setting.ResultsTRAPS explored the interventions of the alcohol industry in science and policymaking using various methods, including systematic reviews and qualitative interviews. These studies identified the industry’s activities in several key areas, such as the debate over minimum unit pricing (MUP), cardiovascular health and alcohol research and a long‐running public relations programme developed in close connection with the tobacco industry. Collectively, the research shows that alcohol policymaking has involved a contest between the research community and alcohol industry actors about whether and how science should be used to inform policy.ConclusionsThe TRAPS programme demonstrates the need for a transdisciplinary approach to understand the nature of corporate political activity; the crucial role industry involvement in science plays in the development of corporate political power; and how public health actors have successfully overcome industry opposition to evidence‐based policies. Advances in alcohol policy should be underpinned by strong, reflexive public health sciences, alert to the role of industry in the alcohol harms under study and thorough in their investigation of the alcohol industry as an object of study in itself.
Gap volume and sealer penetration of C‐shaped root canals obturated with cold hydraulic technique and calcium silicate sealer
Authors: Wisawawatin Dheparit , Yanpiset Kallaya , Banomyong Danuchit , Jantarat Jeeraphat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study compared the gap volume and sealer penetration in C‐shaped root canals prepared with adaptive core rotary files and obturated with cold hydraulic compaction using calcium‐silicate sealer, warm vertical hybrid compaction, or lateral compaction using epoxy‐resin sealer. Thirty‐six extracted mandibular molars with pulpal floor configuration Types I and III were used. The teeth were prepared using XP‐Shaper and XP‐Finisher and obturated with: group 1: cold hydraulic compaction/calcium silicate, group 2: warm vertical hybrid compaction/epoxy resin, or group 3: lateral compaction/epoxy resin. The gap volume was evaluated using μ‐CT. The sealer penetration depth and area were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The gap volume in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 0.82%, 0.24%, 0.80%, respectively, which were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The gap volumes in the obturated C‐shaped canals were not significantly different among the CHC/CSBS, WHC/ERS, or LC/ERS groups. CHC/CSBS was the most convenient technique.
Lower tacrolimus time in therapeutic range is associated with inferior outcomes in adult liver transplant recipients
Authors: Song Wei , Lao Qianying , Hu Jinwei , Li Danying , Du Yao , Zhu Huaijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious studies on solid organ transplantation have reported that a low time in therapeutic range (TTR) of tacrolimus increases the risk of poor outcomes. However, the reproducibility of the findings in liver transplantation has not yet been confirmed. The TTR, coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for 207 adult liver transplant patients from the date of transplantation until the first episode of acute rejection (AR), graft loss, acute kidney injury (AKI), biliary complications, infection or the last follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank tests and Cox regression analyses were performed. Sixty‐one (29.5%) patients reached the composite endpoint of AR, biliary complications and graft loss. The log‐rank test indicated that the low TTR group had an increased risk of the composite endpoint (P < 0.001), AKI (P < 0.001) and infection (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that a 10% decrease in TTR was associated with an increased hazard for composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.185, P = 0.010), AKI (HR: 1.355, P < 0.001) and infection (HR: 1.357, P < 0.001). Unexpectedly, SD and CV demonstrated no association with the above‐mentioned inferior outcomes. Compared with SD and CV, the TTR of tacrolimus was more correlated with inferior outcomes and may be a novel indicator for predicting the prognosis of liver transplantation.
Electronic effect‐dependent intramolecular non‐covalent interactions on the activity of 4,4‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐one pharmacophore‐based androgen receptor antagonists
Authors: Yaragani Muralikrishna , Yadlapalli Prasad , Raghavan Sriram , Giridhar Thota , Mandava Venkata Basaveswara Rao , Singh Ravindra Vikram , Kottapalli Rajasekhara Prasad , Chinnusamy Saravanan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBecause androgen receptor (AR) signalling is important for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC), AR antagonists are utilized in clinical practices to treat PC and are referred to as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, continued administration of AR antagonists often results in the development of resistance, known as castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite castration, it has been demonstrated that AR signalling continues to be fundamental to tumour growth. In this regard, a series of readily synthesizable 4,4‐dimethylimidazolidine‐2‐one pharmacophore‐based AR antagonists (FAR01‐FAR11) were designed and synthesized. Androgen‐dependent LNCaP PC cell line was used to test the AR‐antagonist activity of these compounds in vitro and compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved second‐generation enzalutamide. In our previous work, rigid thiohydantoin pharmacophore in enzalutamide is replaced by the flexible 4,4‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐one. In order to improve the flexibility further, one methylene group is introduced between the pharmacophore and one of the aromatic ring. Despite the fact that the amide functional group is a crucial characteristic for building AR antagonists, this class of molecules lacks one. FAR06 has the exact same activity as enzalutamide (IC50: 0.782 μM) with an IC50 value of 0.801 μM among the series of compounds.
The use and ethical assessment of medical photos taken by physicians
Authors: Demir Karabulut Seyhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the increased use of technology, the use of medical photography has also increased, especially for secondary purposes. Secondary use only results in a benefit for clinicians and is considered a one‐way process. This, in turn, raises several potential ethical issues, despite the numerous benefits of medical photography. The descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with 82 physicians who took medical photos, in Ankara, Turkey. The mean age of the participants was 44.7 years. Of the participants, 95.1% reported using their personal mobile phones for photographing and 84.1% reported taking medical photos for “use in clinical trainings (clinical seminars, student and patient trainings, etc.)”. Among physicians who took photos for research purposes, 29.3% reported obtaining only verbal consent. In addition, 53.7% of physicians reported storing medical photos on their personal computers. It seems that there is no consensus among physicians regarding taking, storing, and using medical photos, and these results cause ethical problems.
Re‐emphasis on the role of echocardiography in diagnosis of aortic root surgery complications
Authors: Nakhaee Akram , Parkhideh Roya , Rahmanian Mehrzad , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Sardari Akram , Larti Farnoosh , Badkoubeh Roya Sattarzadeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAortic pseudoaneurysm is an infrequent complication of ascending aorta surgery.CasesThis is a report of two cases that underwent the Bentall procedure that presented with large pseudoaneurysms.ConclusionUse of multimodality imaging after Bentall surgery has been advocated for the detection of surgical complications. Although 3D CT angiography has the highest diagnostic accuracy, familiarity with transthoracic echocardiographic finding in these patients will lead to earlier diagnosis.
Oceanic giants dance to atmospheric rhythms: Ephemeral wind‐driven resource tracking by blue whales
Authors: Ryan John P. , Benoit‐Bird Kelly J. , Oestreich William K. , Leary Paul , Smith Kevin B. , Waluk Chad M. , Cade David E. , Fahlbusch James A. , Southall Brandon L. , Joseph John E. , Margolina Tetyana , Calambokidis John , DeVogelaere Andrew , Goldbogen Jeremy A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrophic transfer of energy through marine food webs is strongly influenced by prey aggregation and its exploitation by predators. Rapid aggregation of some marine fish and crustacean forage species during wind‐driven coastal upwelling has recently been discovered, motivating the hypothesis that predators of these forage species track the upwelling circulation in which prey aggregation occurs. We examine this hypothesis in the central California Current Ecosystem using integrative observations of upwelling dynamics, forage species' aggregation, and blue whale movement. Directional origins of blue whale calls repeatedly tracked upwelling plume circulation when wind‐driven upwelling intensified and aggregation of forage species was heightened. Our findings illustrate a resource tracking strategy by which blue whales may maximize energy gain amid ephemeral foraging opportunities. These findings have implications for the ecology and conservation of diverse predators that are sustained by forage populations whose behaviour is responsive to episodic environmental dynamics.