bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of photovoltaic technologies in future net‐zero emissions scenarios
Authors: Urbina Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotovoltaic installed cumulative capacity reached 849.5 GW worldwide at the end of 2021, and it is expected to rise to 5 TW by 2030. The sustainability of this massive deployment of photovoltaic modules is analysed in this article. A literature review, completed with our own research for emerging technologies has been carried out following life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology complying with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. Different impact categories have been analysed for five commercial photovoltaic technologies comprising more than 99% of current market (crystalline silicon ~94% and thin film ~6%) and a representative of an emerging technology (hybrid perovskite). By using data from LCA inventories, a quantitative result for 15 impact categories has been calculated at midpoint and then aggregated in four endpoint categories of damage following ReCiPe pathways (global warming potential, human health damage, ecosystems damage and resources depletion) in order to enable a comparison to other renewable, fossil fuel and nuclear electricity production. In all categories, solar electricity has much lower impacts than fossil fuel electricity. This information is complemented with an analysis of the production of minerals with data from the British Geological Survey; the ratio of world production to photovoltaic demand is calculated for 2019 and projected to 2030, thus quantifying the potential risks arising from silver scarcity for c‐Si technology, from tellurium for CdTe technology and from indium for CIGS and organic or hybrid emerging technologies. Mineral scarcity may pose some risk for CdTe and CIGS technologies, while c‐Si based technology is only affected by silver dependence that can be avoided with other metals replacement for electrodes. When the risks grow higher, investment in recycling should boost the recovery ratio of minerals and other components from PV module waste.
Evaluating the rationale and evidence supporting executive functions skills instruction in the classroom: A critical review
Authors: D'Intino Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExecutive functions are widely considered as an umbrella term for the higher order cognitive processes that contribute to goal‐directed behavior. In addition, executive functions are highly correlated with positive academic outcomes. To promote the development of executive functions among youth within educational settings, some theorists and clinicians have proposed methods of explicitly instructing executive functioning skills, such as planning, organization, time management, and self‐regulation skills. This critical review serves to evaluate the theoretical rationale and the supporting evidence of the six most cited handbooks for improving executive functions skills among elementary and high school students via class‐wide instruction. Research that cited these handbooks and that addressed whole‐class instruction of executive skills was evaluated and critiqued according to the four levels of the Every Students Succeeds Act. The overall evidence supporting each handbook was then critiqued as lacking, emerging, or sufficient. Although the handbooks are informed by theory and clinical experience, the supporting research is limited to mostly Level 3 and 4 evidence, as defined by the ESSA framework, including only a handful of case studies and small sampled quasi‐experimental studies. Overall, the evidence supporting the explicit instruction of executive functioning skills through a class‐wide approach is lacking and more rigorous research is still required. Best practices for instructing executive functioning skills to students and directions for future research are discussed.
Sustainable production of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Mediterranean region to support the European Green Deal
Authors: Ferreira Inês , Corrêa Ana , Cruz Cristina 
Published: October 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe planet faces a climate crisis with severe health, economic and environmental consequences. Political actions such as the European Green Deal aim to mitigate climate change by shifting production and consumption patterns, and the production of mycorrhizal sporocarps—the fruiting body of fungi—is no exception. The production of mycorrhizal sporocarps has a high economic, cultural and environmental impact in the Mediterranean region. With a key role in forest ecosystems, ectomycorrhizal fungi provide services and goods essential to maintain soil quality, ecosystem functions and food, contributing to the achievement of sustainable production and the European Green Deal goals—a climate‐neutral Europe.SummaryEctomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) cultivation is an important economic activity in the Mediterranean region. Sporocarps from ECMF species such as Terfezia claveryi, Tuber melanosporum, Tuber aestivum and Lactarius delicious have been successfully cultivated. Due to biotechnological advances, a considerable evolution in ECMF cultivation techniques was observed in the last decade. New technologies and intensified Research and Development allow for a better understanding of the physiology of the plant‐fungi symbioses and how climate change affects them. Studying forest management practices is also essential to optimise the natural production of ectomycorrhizal sporocarps and help develop sustainable production practices. This knowledge revealed the importance of ECMF and their role in the rural bioeconomy and highlighted the need to establish sustainable cultivation practices. A successful example of ECMF cultivation is the production of Terfezia species, namely, Terfezia claveryi and Terfezia boudieri. Terfezia truffles are traditional delicacies with high socioeconomic relevance and numerous biotechnological applications. Furthermore, these Mediterranean native species are an important tool to develop the bioeconomy in rural areas by creating new production strategies. Furthermore, exploiting these and other native Mediterranean species can promote sustainable practices in line with new European Green Deal strategies, such as the Farm to Fork strategy, the EU Biodiversity strategy for 2030 and the Climate Law. This work reviews ECMF cultivation practices and forest management studies, presenting the case of Terfezia cultivation and how the sustainable production of wild and planted ECMF may contribute to achieving the European Green Deal objectives and to a more resilient Europe.
Continuity or change? How the onset of COVID‐19 affected internal migration in Australia
Authors: Perales Francisco , Bernard Aude 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite anecdotal evidence of a COVID‐19 induced decline in the intensity of interstate migration in Australia, population‐level evidence is limited. The recent release of the 2020 wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey provides a unique opportunity to robustly assess the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the level, direction, determinants, and reasons for migration in Australia. By applying a series of regression models to individual‐level longitudinal microdata, and measuring migration at a range of spatial scales, this paper shows that COVID‐19 has somewhat accelerated the long‐term decline in the intensity of internal migration—particularly for residential mobility, short‐distance migration, and migration due to employment and involuntary reasons. The socio‐demographic determinants of migration have remained broadly stable, despite a slight increase in the deterring effect of duration of residence and a reduction in the impact of education. Finally, we show that the increase in net migration gains in regional areas is underpinned by a decrease in outflows. Juxtaposing these results with aggregate‐level migration statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics from 2021, we conclude that the effect of COVID‐19 on internal migration to date has been minimal and is likely to be short‐lived. However, it may still be too soon to make a definitive judgement, as shifts in work patterns stemming from the pandemic may further transform the level, direction, and composition of internal migration.
Comparison of ultrasound scanning for scoliosis assessment: Robotic versus manual
Authors: Victorova Maria , Lau Heidi Hin Ting , Lee Timothy Tin‐Yan , Navarro‐Alarcon David , Zheng Yongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US) imaging for scoliosis assessment is challenging for a non‐experienced operator. The robotic scanning was developed to follow a spinal curvature with deep learning and apply consistent forces to the patient's back.MethodsTwenty three scoliosis patients were scanned with US device both, robotically and manually. Two human raters measured each subject's spinous process angles on robotic and manual coronal images.ResultsThe robotic method showed high intra‐ (ICC > 0.85) and inter‐rater (ICC > 0.77) reliabilities. Compared with the manual method, the robotic approach showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) when measuring coronal deformity angles. The mean absolute deviation for intra‐rater analysis lies within an acceptable range from 0 to 5° for the minimum of 86% and maximum 97% of a total number of the measured angles.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that scoliosis deformity angles measured on ultrasound images obtained with robotic scanning are comparable to those obtained by manual scanning.
Unexpected High‐Performance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Co@NCNT@ZnIn2S4 Triggered by Directional Charge Separation and Transfer
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Huang Chao , Yu Chengye , Li Cui , Yin Ruowei , Liu Chuanbao , Dong Wenjun , Meng Huimin , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Gao Lei , Lu Qipeng , Bai Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe structural design of photocatalysts is highly related to the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, which is essential for the improvement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Here, the hybrid photocatalyst M@NCNT@ZIS (M: Fe, Co, Ni; NCNT: nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube; ZIS: ZnIn2S4) with a hierarchical structure is rationally designed and precisely synthesized. The unique hollow structure with a large specific surface area offers abundant reactive sites, thus increasing the adsorption of reactants. Importantly, the properly positioned metal nanoparticles realize the directional charge migration from ZIS to M@NCNT, which significantly improves the efficiency of charge separation. Furthermore, the intimate interface between M@NCNT and ZIS effectively facilitates charge migration by shortening the transfer distance and providing numerous transport channels. As a result, the optimized Co@NCNT@ZIS exhibits a remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency (43.73 mmol g−1 h−1) without Pt as cocatalyst. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect between hydrogen adsorption and interfacial charge transport is of great significance for improving photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.
Numerische Analyse von Zweifeld‐Sandwichträgern unter Punktlasten
Authors: Ardelmann Niklas , Naujoks Bernd , Kischkewitz Fabian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSandwichelemente aus außenliegenden dünnwandigen Stahldeckschichten mit innenliegendem Dämmkern stellen mittlerweile die Standardlösung für den Raumabschluss im Hallenbau dar. Für die Wandverkleidung werden üblicherweise Elemente mit beidseitig flachen Deckschichten verwendet. Bei Dachelementen ist mindestens eine Deckschicht profiliert. In der Praxis werden sowohl Wand‐ als auch Dachelemente als Mehrfeldträger verlegt, um die Bauausführung zu beschleunigen und die Anzahl der Fugen zu reduzieren. Im Folgenden soll nun das Tragverhalten von zweifeldrigen Sandwich‐Dachelementen unter Punktlasten, welche bspw. infolge von Photovoltaikaufbauten (PV) auftreten, numerisch untersucht werden. Hierzu werden Modellierungsvarianten für das auf Querdruck und Biegung belastete Mittelauflager sowie der Einfluss verschiedener Kerneigenschaften verglichen. Ziel soll es sein, die Querschnittsaktivierung infolge der lokalen Belastung zu quantifizieren und rein rechnerische Nachweise für PV auf Sandwich‐Dachelementen zu ermöglichen.
Digitalisierung im Metallleichtbau
Authors: Mehrtens Peter , Kuhnhenne Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie Digitalisierung der Planung, Konstruktion und Bauausführung führt zu einer Transformation des Berufsbilds bei Architekten und Ingenieuren. In diesen Fachbereichen unterstützen digitale Werkzeuge schon seit vielen Jahren die Entwurfs‐ und Designprozesse, doch gerade in der heutigen Zeit wird der Einsatz effizienter, digitaler und innovativer Technologien auf allen Arbeitsbereichen als unabdingbar betrachtet. Das Lehr‐ und Forschungsgebiet Nachhaltigkeit im Metallleichtbau an der RWTH Aachen University untersucht den Mehrwert des integrativen Einsatzes solcher Technologien im Metallleichtbau. Dieser Aufsatz gibt in diesem Kontext einen Einblick in Forschung und Lehre und stellt Projekte aus der Praxis vor.
“The Road Not Taken” in Language Testing: Sociocultural Implications of Test and Teaching Contents
Authors: Noori Mahdieh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShifting focus of asocial language tests toward social considerations recalls their ideological basis (Mirhosseini, De Costa, 2020). The recurrent exposure to and involvement in discursive constructions of high stakes' contents, may bring along certain sociocultural conceptualizations and values by test audiences (van Dijk, 1998). Thus, unless a clear perception of their contents is gained, any discussions on test misuses, fairness, and negative consequences seem ungrounded. To complement prior findings on sociocultural meanings of the IELTS test contents (Noori & Mirhosseini, 2021), and as another phase of triangulated approach to my dissertation study, the mediated contents through IELTS teachings were recorded through a micro‐ethnography of 22 online IELTS classes offered by an IELTS center in Iran. Bridging critical views of language testing and critical discourse analysis, qualitative content analysis was conducted in search of reflected topics. The emerging 89 codes sat together in four prominent categories outlining the whole content of IELTS pedagogical practices: Entertainment, Money, Education, Immigration, and a Miscellaneous set of minor topics. The findings reflected a homogeneous conceptual flow through inclusion/exclusion/contrast of certain limited value‐laden topics restricted to core communities in the contents of IELTS tests, preparation materials, and pedagogical practices. I suggest inclusion of sociocultural content‐wise considerations in language teaching and testing contents including test and content validity perspectives, and as new test facet to be accounted for in washback, fairness, and consequential validity frameworks. Reconsideration of test content validity is also put forwarded in terms of included test topics and their value implications. These perspectives which account for inclusive views and long wished glocalization, will manifest“the road not taken”(Frost, 1916, p.9)/wrongly takenin language assessment and teaching and will further their literacy.
Solution of variable‐order partial integro‐differential equation using Legendre wavelet approximation and operational matrices
Authors: Biswas Chetna , Das Subir , Singh Anup , Altenbach Holm 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with developing a method to find a numerical solution of a one‐dimensional variable‐order non‐linear partial integro‐differential equation (PIDE) viz., reaction–advection–diffusion equation with initial and boundary conditions. The proposed numerical scheme shifted Legendre collocation method is based on operational matrices. The operational matrices using one‐dimensional wavelets are derived to solve the said variable‐order model. First operational matrices have been introduced for integration and variable‐order derivatives using one‐dimensional Legendre wavelets (LWs). After that, using the shifted Legendre collocation points, the model is reduced to a system of algebraic equations, which are solved using Newton–Cotes method. The error is then calculated by comparing the numerical solution obtained from the system of algebraic equations and the known exact solution of an existing problem to validate the efficiency of the proposed numerical scheme. The main contribution of the article is the graphical exhibitions of the solution profile for different variable order derivatives in presence of different values of the parameters.
The radial distribution function reveals the underlying mesostructure of the AdS black hole
Authors: Liu Conghua , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the equations of state, one can infer the underlying interaction potentials among the black hole molecules in the case of Schwarzschild-AdS and charged AdS black holes. The microscopic molecules with the interaction potential arrange in a specific way to form the mesostructure, whose size is between the macro (black hole system) and the micro (black hole molecules). As a result, the mesostructure leads to the emergence of the macroscopic phase. However, the information about the mesostructure of the AdS black hole are still elusive. In this paper, the radial distribution function is introduced to probe the mesostructure of the AdS black hole. We find that the mesostructure of the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole behaves as the ideal gas when the temperature is high. Furthermore, we find the mesostructure for the liquid-like (gas-like) phase of the small (large) charged AdS black hole. A sudden change of the mesostructure emerges from the liquid-like phase to the gas-like phase when the charged AdS black hole undergoes a phase transition from the small to large black hole, consistent with the viewpoint that the phase transition of the charged AdS black hole is reminiscent of that of the vdW fluid. This study provides a new angle towards understanding the black hole from its mesostructure.
Gründerzeit. Hightech und Alternativen der Wissenschaft in West-Berlin
Authors: Stadler Max 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungZu den diversen Unternehmungen sozialbewegter „Gegenwissenschaft“, die um 1980 auf der Bildfläche der BRD erschienen, zählte der 1982 gegründete Berliner Wissenschaftsladen e. V., kurz WILAB – eine Art „alternatives“ Spin-off der Technischen Universität Berlin. Der vorliegende Beitrag situiert die Ausgründung des „Ladens“ im Kontext zeitgenössischer Fortschritte der (regionalen) Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik. Gezeigt wird, wie der deindustrialisierenden Inselstadt, qua „innovationspolitischer“ Gegensteuerung, dabei sogar eine gewisse Vorreiterrolle zukam: über die Stadtgrenzen hinaus sichtbare Neuerungen wie die GründermesseBIG TECHoder das 1983 eröffneteBerliner Innovations- und Gründerzentrum(BIG), der erste „Incubator“ [sic] der BRD, etwa gingen auf das Konto der 1977/78 lancierten Technologie-Transferstelle der TU Berlin,TU-transfer.Anders gesagt: tendenziell bekam man es hier nun mit Verhältnissen zu tun, die immer weniger mit den Träumen einer „kritischen“, nicht-fremdbestimmten (Gegen‑)Wissenschaft kompatibel waren. Latent konträr zur historiographischen Prominenz des wissenschaftskritischen Zeitgeists fristeten „alternativen“ Zielsetzungen verpflichtete Unternehmungen wie „WILAB“ ein relativ marginalisiertes Nischendasein. Dennoch wirft das am WILAB verfolgte, so gesehen wenig aussichtsreiche Anliegen, eine andere, nämlich „humanere“ Informationstechnologie in die Wege zu leiten, ein instruktives Licht auf die Aufbrüche „unternehmerischer“ Wissenschaft in der BRD um 1980.
Korneale Endothelzellfotografie: Vergleich von Smartphones
Authors: Wiedenmann Cornelius Jakob , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas , Wacker Katrin 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Dokumentation ophthalmologischer Befunde mittels Smartphone-Fotografie kann in der ambulanten Patientenversorgung Diagnosen sichern und Verlaufsbeurteilungen ermöglichen. Die korneale Endothelzellfotografie (EZF) mittels Smartphone an der Spaltlampe ist sowohl für Smartphone als auch Untersucher*in komplex. Smartphone-Modelle unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit, schnell und sicher Aufnahmen des Hornhautendothels anzufertigen.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Smartphone-Modelle hinsichtlich ihrer Einsatzfähigkeit für die korneale EZF vorgestellt und Erfolgsfaktoren für gute Smartphone-Aufnahmen beschrieben.

Material und Methoden
In einer Querschnittstudie wurde eine Auswahl von 16 verschiedenen Smartphone-Modellen bezüglich des Einsatzes in der kornealen EZF miteinander verglichen. Die Smartphones wurden mittels eines verstellbaren Adapters am Okular der Spaltlampe befestigt. Es wurde getestet, ob innerhalb von 3 min qualitativ hochwertige EZF von gesunden Probanden mit der Standard-Foto-App des jeweiligen Smartphones gelang. Zusätzlich wurde die subjektive Schwierigkeit der Erstellung der Aufnahme erfasst. Faktoren, die zu einer erfolgreichen EZF beitragen, wurden in einer Abbildung zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Es zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede bei der EZF hinsichtlich Durchführbarkeit und Qualität der generierten Aufnahmen. Nicht jedes Smartphone eignet sich gleich gut für die EZF.
Hysterectomy in benign conditions: a 20-year single-center retrospective on the development of surgical techniques
Authors: Buderath Paul , Kimmig Rainer , Dominowski Lisa , Mach Pawel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Minimally invasive (MI) surgery has long been established as a standard for hysterectomy in benign conditions. Robotic surgery is generally seen as equivalent to conventional laparoscopy in terms of patient outcome. However, robotics might facilitate an MI approach even in complex patients, rendering laparotomy unnecessary for almost all patients.

Materials and methods
We identified 1939 patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions between 2002 and 2020 at the University Hospital of Essen. Peri- and postoperative data as well as patient characteristics were collected retrospectively.

Results
Robotic surgery, implemented at our institution in 2010, was the most common approach (n = 771; 39.8%). 60.2% of all hysterectomies (1168/1938) were performed using MI techniques. However, there was a significant shift in the methods used for hysterectomy over time. While in 2002 51.4% of all hysterectomies were performed via an open abdominal approach, this percentage dropped to 1.4% in the year 2020. Accordingly, the use of MI approaches increased from 18.9% in 2002 to 98.6% in 2020. The introduction of robotic surgery in 2010 marked a significant shift towards more MI procedures. MI surgery resulted in shorter hospital stay and less postoperative complications compared to laparotomy.
On a special note, our cohort includes the largest uterus myomatous uterus in the scientific literature with a specimen weight of 54.8 kg.

Conclusion
Our data support the hypothesis that the implementation of robotic surgery leads to an improved capability to perform MI surgery and avoid laparotomy in almost all patients. The known benefits of MI surgery could be confirmed.