bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular assessment and management
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Singh Niraj Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The objective of the present study was to find out the current practices in evaluating and managing vestibular disorders across the country by Audiologists in India.

Method
An e-survey was performed. A total of 31 questions were prepared for the survey. The survey questionnaire was circulated among 400 Audiologists. Out of 400 participants, 248 participants responded to the survey.

Results
Out of 248 participants, 111 participants reported performing vestibular testing. Most of the professionals worked in a corporate setup. Total patients with vestibular disorders reported to these setups ranged from 1-2 per month to 100–120 patients/month. Regarding the clinical tests, most participants reported performing the Romberg test, Fukuda stepping test, tests for cerebellar functioning and HINTS/HINTS plus in their setup for vestibular assessment and management. Regarding the barriers to vestibular assessment and management, most participants indicated that the lack of necessary training and experience to conduct vestibular assessment and management procedures was significant.

Conclusions
There is a lot of variability in assessment and management procedures among the professionals. There is a need to make uniform protocol across the country, and the vestibular assessment and management should be included as a separate course in their curriculum.
Cryo-FIB for TEM investigation of soft matter and beam sensitive energy materials
Authors: Long Daniel M , Singh Manish Kumar , Small Kathryn A , Watt John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Primarily driven by structural biology, the rapid advances in cryogenic electron microscopy techniques are now being adopted and applied by materials scientists. Samples that inherently have electron transparency can be rapidly frozen (vitrified) in amorphous ice and imaged directly on a cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), however this is not the case for many important materials systems, which can consist of layered structures, embedded architectures, or be contained within a device. Cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) lift-out procedures have recently been developed to extract intact regions and interfaces of interest, that can then be thinned to electron transparency and transferred to the cryo-TEM for characterization. Several detailed studies have been reported demonstrating the cryo-FIB lift-out procedure, however due to its relative infancy in materials science improvements are still required to ensure the technique becomes more accessible and routinely successful. Here, we review recent results on the preparation of cryo-TEM lamellae using cryo-FIB and show that the technique is broadly applicable to a range of soft matter and beam sensitive energy materials. We then present a tutorial that can guide the materials scientist through the cryo-FIB lift-out process, highlighting recent methodological advances that address the most common failure points of the technique, such as needle attachment, lift-out and transfer, and final thinning.
Scattering and fusion reaction dynamics of O + Zr system around Coulomb barrier
Authors: Dash C. , Swain R. R. , Tripathy G. , Naik I. , Sahu B. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A partial wave scattering matrix for the total effective complex potential of nucleus nucleus collisions is proposed to easily analyze the angular variations of elastic scattering and fusion cross-sections simultaneously with a unique potential. The expectation value of the imaginary part of the potential calculated using the distorted waves from the full potential in the elastic channel accounts for

. This is equated to the sum of the cross-sections due to absorption in different regions of the potential where the imaginary part is actively present. The potential is taken as energy independent and features a weakly absorbing nature, which supports the resonance states in various partial wave trajectories. Therefore, these resonances show oscillatory behavior changes with respect to energy

. In this paper, we discuss elastic scattering and fusion cross-sections in conjunction with the results of

for the

system.
Probing the interaction between 2D materials and oligoglycine tectomers
Authors: Tripathi Manoj , Garriga Rosa , Lee Frank , Ogilvie Sean P , Graf Aline Amorim , Large Matthew J , Lynch Peter J , Papagelis Konstantinos , Parthenios John , Cebolla Vicente L , Jurewicz Izabela , Dalton Alan B , Muñoz Edgar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) materials using graphene and MoS2 have enabled both pivotal fundamental studies and unprecedented sensing properties. These heterosystems are intriguing when graphene and MoS2 are interfaced with 2D sheets that emulate biomolecules, such as amino-terminated oligoglycine self-assemblies (known as tectomers). The adsorption of tectomer sheets over graphene and MoS2 modulates the physicochemical properties through electronic charge migration and mechanical stress transfer. Here, we present a systematic study by Raman spectroscopy and tectomer-functionalised scanning probe microscopy to understand mechanical strain, charge transfer and binding affinity in tectomer/graphene and tectomer/MoS2 hybrid structures. Raman mapping reveals distinctive thickness dependence of tectomer-induced charge transfer to MoS2, showing p-doping on monolayer MoS2 and n-doping on multilayer MoS2. By contrast, graphene is n-doped by tectomer independently of layer number, as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interfacial adhesion between the amino groups and 2D materials are further explored using tectomer-functionalised probe microscopy. It is demonstrated here that these probes have potential for chemically sensitive imaging of 2D materials, which will be useful for mapping chemically distinct domains of surfaces and the number of layers. The facile tectomer-coating approach described here is an attractive soft-chemistry strategy for high-density amine-functionalisation of atomic force microscopy probes, therefore opening promising avenues for sensor applications.
Recent progress in synthesis and surface modification of nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Jing , Zhong Wentao , Deng Qiang , Zhang Qimeng , Yang Chenghao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nickel-rich layered oxides have been identified as the most promising commercial cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the poor cycling stability of nickel-rich cathode materials is one of the major barriers for the large-scale usage of LIBs. The existing obstructions that suppress the capacity degradation of nickel-rich cathode materials are as a result of phase transition, mechanical instability, intergranular cracks, side reaction, oxygen loss, and thermal instability during cycling. Core–shell structures, oxidating precursors, electrolyte additives, doping/coating and synthesizing single crystals have been identified as effective methods to improve cycling stability of nickel-rich cathode materials. Herein, recent progress of surface modification, e.g. coating and doping, in nickel-rich cathode materials are summarized based on Periodic table to provide a clear understanding. Electrochemical performances and mechanisms of modified structure are discussed in detail. It is hoped that an overview of synthesis and surface modification can be presented and a perspective of nickel-rich materials in LIBs can be given.
Time-dependent decrease in fault strength in the 2011–2016 Ibaraki–Fukushima earthquake sequence
Authors: Wimpenny Sam , Forrest Natalie , Copley Alex 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
Two near-identical Mw 5.8 earthquakes in 2011 and 2016 ruptured the Mochiyama Fault in the Ibaraki–Fukushima region of Japan. The unusually short repeat time between the two earthquakes provides a rare opportunity to estimate the evolution of stress on a fault through an earthquake cycle, as the stress drop in the first earthquake provides a reference value from which we can infer variations through time in the stresses required to cause earthquake rupture. By combining observations of crustal deformation from GPS, InSAR and seismology with numerical models of stress transfer due to coseismic deformation and post-seismic relaxation, we demonstrate that the rupture area on the Mochiyama Fault could only have been reloaded by up to 50–80 per cent of the 2011 earthquake stress drop (3–10 MPa) between that event and the subsequent 2016 earthquake. Most of this reloading was caused by afterslip around the rupture area driven by stress changes from the 2011 Mochiyama and Tohoku-oki earthquakes. We therefore infer that the Mochiyama Fault became weaker in the intervening 6 yr, with at least a 1–5 MPa drop in the shear stresses needed to break the fault in earthquakes. The mechanism(s) that led to this weakening are unclear, but were associated with extensive aftershock seismicity that released a cumulative moment similar to the 2011 main shock. Temporal changes in fault strength may therefore play a role in modulating the timing of moderate-magnitude earthquakes.
First insights into the ISM at z &gt; 8 with JWST: possible physical implications of a high [O iii] λ4363/[O iii] λ5007
Authors: Katz Harley , Saxena Aayush , Cameron Alex J , Carniani Stefano , Bunker Andrew J , Arribas Santiago , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bowler Rebecca A A , Boyett Kristan N K , Cresci Giovanni , Curtis-Lake Emma , D’Eugenio Francesco , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J , Maiolino Roberto , Übler Hannah , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the rest-frame optical emission line ratios for three spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at z &gt; 7.5. The galaxies were identified in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations field SMACS J0723.3 − 7327. By quantitatively comparing Balmer and oxygen line ratios of these galaxies with various low-redshift ‘analogue’ populations (e.g. Green Peas, Blueberries, etc.), we show that no single analogue population captures the diversity of line ratios of all three galaxies observed at z &gt; 7.5. We find that S06355 at z = 7.67 and S10612 at z = 7.66 are similar to local Green Peas and Blueberries. In contrast, S04590 at z = 8.50 appears to be significantly different from the other two galaxies, most resembling extremely low-metallicity systems in the local Universe. Perhaps the most striking spectral feature in S04590 is the curiously high [O iii] λ4363/[O iii] λ5007 ratio (RO3) of 0.048 (or 0.055 when dust-corrected), implying either extremely high electron temperatures, &gt;3 × 104 K, or gas densities &gt;104 cm−3. Observed line ratios indicate that this galaxy is unlikely to host an AGN. Using photoionization modelling, we show that the inclusion of high-mass X-ray binaries or a high cosmic ray background in addition to a young, low-metallicity stellar population can provide the additional heating necessary to explain the observed high RO3 while remaining consistent with other observed line ratios. Our models represent a first step at accurately characterizing the dominant sources of photoionization and heating at very high redshifts, demonstrating that non-thermal processes may become important as we probe deeper into the Epoch of Reionization.
Effects of Percutaneous and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Endogenous Pain Mechanisms in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Lagos Leonardo , Arribas-Romano Alberto , Fernández-Carnero Josué , González-Zamorano Yeray , Laguarta Val Sofía 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main aim was to determine the effects of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on endogenous pain mechanisms in patients with musculoskeletal pain.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe search was conducted on March 1, 2022, in the EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, and SCOPUS databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of transcutaneous or percutaneous electrostimulation with a placebo, control group, or standard treatment in patients with musculoskeletal pain were included. Outcome measurements were quantitative sensory testing somatosensory variables like pressure pain threshold (PPT), conditioned pain modulation, and temporal summation of pain. The pooled data were evaluated in Review Manager 5.4.ResultsTwenty-four randomized controlled trials (n = 24) were included in the qualitative analysis and 23 in the meta-analysis. The immediate effects of PENS and TENS on local PPTs were significant, with a moderate effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34 to 0.72; P &lt; 0.00001). When only studies with a lower risk of bias were analyzed, the heterogeneity decreased from I2 = 58% (P &lt; 0.00001) to I2 = 15% (P = 0.01), and a decrease in the overall effect was observed (SMD 0.33; 95% CI: 0.7 to 0.58). The short-term effects on local PPTs were not significant when compared with the control group (P = 0.13). The mid-term effects on local PPTs were significant, showing a large effect size (SMD 0.55; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.00; P = 0.02). The immediate effects on conditioned pain modulation were significant, with a large effect size (SMD 0.94; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.41; P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionPENS and TENS have a mild–moderate immediate effect on local mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with musculoskeletal pain. It appears that these effects are not sustained over time. Analyses suggest an effect on central pain mechanisms producing a moderate increase in remote PPT, an increase in conditioned pain modulation, but further studies are needed to draw clearer conclusions.
Stewardship of Patient Genomic Data: A Policy Statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)
Authors: Best Robert G. , Khushf George , Rabin-Havt Sara Schonfeld , Clayton Ellen Wright , Grebe Theresa A. , Hagenkord Jill , Topper Scott , Fivecoat Jaime , Chen Margaret , Grody Wayne W. ,   on behalf of the ACMG Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues Committee
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2022;24:509–511)
The need for genomic research is a firmly held value of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), as this can lead to discovery for the improvement of health outcomes and patient experience. However, an exchange of deidentified genomic data presents a potential opportunity for breach of privacy.
Adoptive Cell Therapy in Gynecologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Son Ji , George Goldy C. , Nardo Mirella , Krause Kate J. , Jazaeri Amir A. , Biter Amadeo B. , Hong David S. 
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2022;165:664–670)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a form of immunotherapy that has shown promising results in hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors. In ACT, autologous immune cells are extracted, expanded, and stimulated or engineered for reinfusion alongside growth factors to augment in vivo anticancer activity.
Trauma System Support to Facilitate Recovery
Authors: Stinner Daniel , Hendrickson Sarah B. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Trauma is a major public health issue. Orthopaedic trauma surgeons are skilled in the acute management of musculoskeletal injury; however, formal training and resources have not been devoted to optimizing recovery after trauma. Recovery entails addressing the biomedical aspects of injury, as well as the psychological and social factors. The purposes of this study were to describe existing programs and resources within trauma centers, developed to promote psychosocial recovery. Supporting research data will be referenced, and potential barriers to program implementation will be discussed. The American College of Surgeons has mandated screening and treatment for mental illness after trauma, which will raise the bar to highlight the importance of these social issues, likely enabling providers to develop new programs and other resources within their systems. Provider education will promote the informing of patients and families, with the intent of enhancing the efficiency and scope of recovery.
Systemic therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the second-line setting: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Yang , Hou Haifeng , Han Zhenhua , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the survival benefit and safety profile of current available second-line treatment options of metastatic renal cell carcinomav.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically researched for eligible articles which were published before July 20, 2021. Studies comparing overall/progression free survival (OS/PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and/or adverse events (AEs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomav were included.

Results:
Nine trials (with 4911 patients) were finally included for final network meta-analysis. Cabozantinib, lenvatinib, and lenvatinib plus everolimus were associated with significantly better PFS, OS, and ORR compared with everolimus, and lenvatinib plus everolimus emerged as the best option. As for grade 3 to 4 AEs, nivolumab showed significantly lower risk of AEs compared with everolimus. Other included treatments were associated with significantly increased risk of AEs. When comprehensively assessed the efficacy and safety of included treatments based on the ranking analysis of PFS, ORR, and grade 3 to 4 AEs, lenvatinib plus everolimus, cabozantinib, and nivolumab showed superior efficacy over other treatments, with relatively lower risk of grade 3 to 4 AEs.

Conclusions:
Among all included therapies, Lenvatinib plus everolimus was identified as the most effective treatment approach, with the best PFS, OS, and ORR. nivolumab was associated with decreased incidence of grade 3 to 4 AEs among included treatment therapies. When comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety of included treatment options, lenvatinib plus everolimus, cabozantinb, and nivolumab were associated with better survival benefits and lower risk of AEs. Future studies should focus on the direct comparison of different second-line treatment in real-world populations.
When modern diagnostics is challenged by a historical disease: A case report
Authors: Jankowska Marta , Mross Krystian , Pałczyński Marcin , Machowska-Sempruch Karolina , Bajer-Czajkowska Anna , Parczewski Miłosz , Masztalewicz Marta 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Syphilis is a bacterial, systemic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum spirochetes, which spread rapidly through the body affecting various organs. The term neurosyphilis (NS) refers to a CNS infection that can occur at any stage of the disease. The lack of a gold standard for the diagnosis of NS greatly hinders diagnosis, which must be based mainly on clinical assessment.

Patient concerns:
A 58-year-old man reported dizziness and headache for a week and right-sided hearing impairment, with suspected transient cerebral ischemic attack. A month later he experience transient speech disturbance and suspected cerebral ischemic stroke.

Diagnosis:
MRI showed fresh ischemic lesions with a diameter up to 10 mm in the deep brain structures on the left side and foci of subacute ischemia also in the deep structures and the brain stem. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed positive Pandy’s reaction, doubtful Noone-Apelt reaction, increased protein level and decreased glucose level. The reactive result of the USR test performed (VDRL) finally allowed the diagnosis of symptomatic CNS syphilis.

Interventions:
Empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis was administered. The patient was transferred to the Department of Infectious Diseases for further treatment.

Outcomes:
The diagnosis has been confirmed at the Department of Infectious Diseases after repeating CSF analysis including VDRL and FTA-ABS.

Lesson:
Symptoms of NS are nonspecific, hence the diagnostic process is not straightforward. Despite the availability of modern diagnostic techniques, establishing a final diagnosis was challenging, but the patient ultimately received appropriate treatment. It is important to remember that syphilis is not only a disease known from history lessons but is still present in modern times and its incidence is increasing.
Cobas HPV Genotyping of FNA Sample Supernatant and Frozen Section Scrapings of Suspected Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jones Kelly J. , Dougherty Rachel E. , Randolph Melissa , Sim Michael W. , Mesa Hector 
Published: September 2022

The human papillomavirus (HPV) status of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck is relevant for therapy planning, staging, and follow-up. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 is a surrogate marker of HPV status in oropharyngeal SCC, but not at other head and neck sites. We tested if the cobas HPV test was feasible and superior to p16-IHC on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) supernatants and frozen section (FS) scrapings of suspected SCC. A 500 μL aliquots of postcentrifugation supernatant CytoRich Red media of FNA cellblock specimens and scrapings of FS suspended in SurePath media vials were tested with the cobas HPV test and compared with p16-IHC and/or HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) performed on cellblock and/or resections. Twenty-nine (n=29) FNAs were tested for a cobas HPV test, p16, and/or HPV-ISH. The mean collection to testing time was 6.3 days (range: 0 to 24 d). Cobas yielded valid results in all cases; p16-IHC could not be interpreted in 4 (13%) cellblocks; correlation was performed on subsequent resections. Cohen κ correlation for cobas versus p16-IHC/HPV-ISH on FNA samples was 0.9, perfect agreement, sensitivity 100%, specificity 92.3%, positive predictive value 94.1%, negative predictive value 100%. Thirty-four (n=34) scrapings from FS were tested for cobas, p16, and/or HPV-ISH. The mean collection to testing time was 10.4 days (range: 1 to 28 d). Cohen κ correlation for cobas versus p16-IHC/HPV-ISH on FS scrapings was 1, perfect agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 100%. Cobas genotype was HPV-16 in 87%, HPV-18 in 3%, and HPV-other in 10%. Cobas HPV test in FNA supernatant and FS scrapings outperformed or was equivalent to p16-IHC and provided genotyping information.