bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of scapula size and shape in Carnivora: locomotor habits and differential shape scaling
Authors: Gálvez-López Eloy , Casinos Adrià 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of size, phylogeny, and locomotor habit, on shape was tested in 213 scapulas from 101 carnivoran species using 3D geometric morphometric methods. The sampled species spanned the whole size range and locomotor patterns in Carnivora. The results of the present study indicate that, in this order, scapula shape responds to the complex interaction of allometric, phylogenetic, and functional effects. Furthermore, evidence for differential scaling in the shape of the carnivoran scapula was found, which might be related to scaling differences among carnivoran families. Additionally, most allometric shape variation in the carnivoran scapula was related to size changes along phyletic lines. Locomotor-related shape differences were assessed using canonical variate analysis. Most locomotor habits could be significantly separated from each other based on scapula shape, although high misclassification rates were obtained when comparing semiarboreal and semifossorial carnivorans to other locomotor types. Locomotor indicators in the scapula shape of extant carnivorans seemed independent of size or shared ancestry and could be related to muscular function. These locomotor indicators were then used to infer the locomotor habits of several internal nodes of the carnivoran phylogeny, whose scapular size and shape was reconstructed using weighted square-change parsimony. According to scapula size and shape, the carnivoran ancestor was a medium-sized scansorial animal (i.e., it spent most of its time on the ground, but was a good climber).
Transcriptomics sheds light on N2-fixation strategies employed by a thermophilic member of theMethanococcales
Authors: Maslać Nevena , Sidhu Chandni , Teeling Hanno , Wagner Tristan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome marine thermophilic methanogens are able to perform energy-consuming nitrogen fixation despite deriving only little energy from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. We studied this process inMethanothermococcus thermolithotrophicusDSM 2095, a methanogenic archaeon of the orderMethanococcales, that contributes to the nitrogen pool in some marine environments. We successfully grew this archaeon under diazotrophic conditions in both batch and fermenter cultures, reaching the highest cell density reported so far. Diazotrophic growth depended strictly on molybdenum and, in contrast to other diazotrophs, was not inhibited by tungstate or vanadate. This suggests an elaborate control of metal uptake and a specific metal recognition system for the insertion into the nitrogenase cofactor. Differential transcriptomics ofM. thermolithotrophicusgrown under diazotrophic conditions with ammonium-fed cultures as controls revealed upregulation of the nitrogenase machinery including chaperones, regulators, and molybdate-importers, as well as simultaneous upregulation of an ammonium-transporter and a putative pathway for nitrate/nitrite utilization. The organism thus employs multiple synergistic strategies for uptake of nitrogen nutrients during the early exponential growth phase without altering transcription levels for genes involved in methanogenesis. As a counterpart, genes coding for transcription and translation processes were downregulated, highlighting the maintenance of an intricate metabolic balance to deal with energy constraints and nutrient limitations imposed by diazotrophy. This switch in the metabolic balance included unexpected processes, such as upregulation of the CRISPR-Cas system, probably caused by drastic changes in transcription levels of putative mobile and virus-like elements.ImportanceThe thermophilic anaerobic archaeon,M. thermolithotrophicus, is a particularly suitable model organism to study the coupling of methanogenesis to diazotrophy. Likewise, its capability to simultaneously reduce N2/CO2into NH3/CH4with H2makes it a viable target for biofuel production. We optimizedM. thermolithotrophicuscultivation, resulting in considerably higher cell yields and enabling the successful establishment of N2-fixing bioreactors. Improved understanding of the N2-fixation process would provide novel insights into metabolic adaptations that allow this energy-limited extremophile to thrive under diazotrophy, for instance by investigating its physiology and uncharacterized nitrogenase. We demonstrate that diazotrophic growth ofM. thermolithotrophicusis exclusively dependent on molybdenum, and complementary transcriptomics corroborated the expression of the molybdenum nitrogenase system. Further analyses of differentially expressed genes during diazotrophy across three cultivation time points revealed insights into the response to nitrogen limitation and the coordination of core metabolic processes.
A novel instructional approach: the effect of computer-assisted simulation learning games (CASLGs) on social studies students' scholarly learning outcomes
Authors: Obro Sunday 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the article is (1) to find out whether students instructed with Computer-Assisted Simulation Learning Games (CASLGs) will improve in their scholarly learning outcomes and (2) to ascertain if the biological construct of sex will affect students scholarly learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study was experimental. The study sample comprised 120 students from four schools. The study instrument was the Scholarly Learning Outcomes Test (SLOT), drawn from the school syllabus. The study lasted six weeks. Before the experimentation, the students were pre-tested using the Scholarly Learning Outcomes Test (SLOT. After which, students were posttested to ascertain students' scholarly learning outcomes. The statistical mean was employed to analyse data generated from the pretest and posttest to provide answers for the research questions, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistics was utilised to test the hypotheses.Findings The results show that CASLGs improved students' scholarly learning outcomes more than the face-to-face instructional approach and the biological construct of sex is of no effect on students' scholarly learning outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, in performing the study, the regular instructors/teachers were utilized. The personalities of these instructors were not considered or scrutinized; this might have impacted the research outcomes.Implications for future studies: One advantage is that it is part of a bigger initiative in which there are extra sources of data to study. This information or data from this study would help to throw further light on the predictors of student scholarly learning outcomes in the near future. One implication of this study rests on the confirmation that activity-based strategies such as CASLGs enhance students' scholarly learning outcomes.Originality/valueThis study is a product of the author’s doctoral thesis. It is the outcome of the investigation carried out by the author for the award of PhD; therefore, it is original. The study’s results are of immense value because they contributed to knowledge in the area of computer-based learning games.
Strategy making in hyper uncertainty: towards a conceptual framework from the seaport industry during Brexit
Authors: Kearney Arthur , Harrington Denis , Rajwani Tazeeb 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to systematically review strategy making in the seaport context during a period of hyper uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review using the context, intervention, method and outcome (CIMO) framework is conducted in the domains of strategy making and the port sector taking account of hyper uncertainty caused by Brexit.

Findings
Strategy making (under conditions of hyper uncertainty) is shown to evolve from both stakeholder/supply chain embedded relationships and from chief executive officer and extra organisational inputs. Through an iterative process of internal resourcing, stakeholder engagement strategy development can be seen to impact five key outcomes of an emerging strategy making under hyper uncertainty: economic returns; societal and regional impacts; deeper improved market engagement; improved environmental sensing and potential for dynamic capability development.

Research limitations/implications
The systematic review integrates the existing fragmented research landscape regarding strategy making under hyper uncertainty, provides future research trajectories and develops a framework emerging from the review.

Practical implications
The framework offers port management and policymakers a tool to improve their engagement with strategy making under hyper uncertainty and associated outcomes.

Originality/value
The systematic review consolidates the fragmented literature and presents future research trajectories. The framework of strategy making under hyper uncertainty developed from the CIMO framework develops existing knowledge and contributes to academic theory.
Public debt sustainability: a bibliometric co-citation visualization analysis
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Kumar Vikas , Sindhwani Rahul , Singh Punj Lata , Behl Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

PurposeDue to the financial disturbances created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the burden on the government exchequer, it is expected to see a rise in the knowledge base of the research corpus so far as the government's fiscal sustainability is concerned. Therefore, the present research examines a systematic quantitative analysis of public debt sustainability research by applying a bibliometric approach. Research also analyzes journals, institutions, countries and authors contributing to public debt sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis paper scrutinizes the published scientific research on public debt sustainability based on the dataset of 535 articles from 1991 to 2021 obtained from the Scopus database. Biblioshiny (R-based application) and VoSviewer software were used to perform bibliometric analysis through Performance analysis and science mapping techniques. The authors combined co-citation analysis (CCA), bibliometric analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis (KCA) and a conceptual thematic map of the most cited articles to find the intellectual structure.FindingsThe research identified three dominating clusters, e.g. fiscal sustainability and policy rules, empirical sustainability testing and debt and growth dynamics. Another finding was that most articles were analytical and empirical and few descriptive articles were found. Owing to the empirical nature of the domain, the issues concerning public debt sustainability have continued to change over the past decades for different economies, reflecting the complexity and diversity of economic structures of different economies at different times.Originality/valueThe insight of this article provides academicians and researchers with a more refined comprehension of the conceptual and intellectual structure of the research corpus. The present research complements the existing literature review studies by pushing the research towards emerging or less developed issues such as financial and debt crises.
Internet of Things (IOT) and library services
Authors: De Sarkar Tanmay 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing literature on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and to give an overview of how libraries are adopting this emerging technology to make users feel more engaging with the library resources and service provision.

Design/methodology/approach
The basic architecture of IoT with its functionality has been enumerated and its different layers have been depicted.

Findings
A conceptual library IoT model, working on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol, based on the fog-cloud computing layer of architecture has been proposed. This study also highlights the sensor-based current library services.

Originality/value
This study focuses on the existing practices of adoption of library IoT and discusses the possibilities of its future expansion in different areas.
Repeat tourists’ perceived unfavorable changes and their effects on destination loyalty
Authors: Hu Yaou , Xu Songjun 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Repeat tourists are invaluable to tourist destinations. However, their perceptions and reactions toward unfavorable destination changes remain underexplored. This paper aims to answer two important and unresolved questions: how do repeat tourists react to perceived unfavorable changes? and what are the main unfavorable destination changes for repeat tourists?

Design/methodology/approach
This research builds on the strategic memory protection theory. This paper consists of two studies (a quantitative one and a qualitative one) conducted in China. The quantitative study proposed and tested a structural equation model linking perceived unfavorable changes, tainted memories, revisit satisfaction and destination loyalty. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed on an online survey platform with 416 valid responses. The qualitative study was conducted to determine the unfavorable destination changes that repeat tourists perceive. Ninety-five valid responses were used for analysis.

Findings
This research empirically shows that perceived unfavorable changes diminish repeat tourists’ destination loyalty by tainting their initial memories and reducing revisit satisfaction. This full mediation confirms the importance of personal memories and psychology in tourism experiences. This research further uncovers two main types of unfavorable destination changes: destination mismanagement (i.e. overcommercialization, insufficient facilities, poor destination management, excessive prices and a decline in service qualities) and negative environmental changes (overtouristification, changes to natural and social environments and changes in tourist sites and activities).

Originality/value
This research adds to the destination loyalty literature by unveiling actual repeat tourists’ revisit perceptions and psychological processes toward unfavorable destination changes. This research also identifies the typical unfavorable changes perceived by repeat tourists.
Hierarchical compound topology uncovers complex structure of species interaction networks
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael B. P. , Felix Gabriel M. F. , Lewinsohn Thomas M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Nestedness and modularity have been found in many species interaction networks. Despite being conceptually distinct, negatively correlated and having different causes, these patterns often co‐occur. A realistic but seldom investigated alternative to these simple topologies is hierarchical compound networks, in which the entire network is modular, and modules are internally nested. In compound networks, nestedness is suppressed by modularity at higher network hierarchical levels, but prevails at lower levels, within modules.

The aims of this study are (i) to evaluate the prevalence of simple and hierarchical compound topologies in binary and weighted networks describing different kinds of species interactions and (ii) to probe the relationships between modularity and nestedness at different network hierarchical levels.

With a procedure that discriminates between simple and compound structures, we re‐analysed the topology of 142 well‐studied binary networks including seed dispersal, host–parasite, pollination and plant–herbivore interactions; 68 of these also had quantitative information. Additionally, we tested the relationship between robustness and topology of binary networks and compared the robustness of networks with compound topologies to different sequences of species removals.

Compound topologies were detected in 34% of binary and 71% of weighted networks of all interaction kinds. These results establish the hierarchical compound topology as a widespread network architecture, often undetected without quantitative data. Furthermore, they disentangle an apparent paradox: despite conflicting with overall nestedness, modularity usually co‐occurs with high values of low‐level nestedness. Nestedness progressively decreased, while modularity increased, from seed dispersal to host–parasite, pollination and plant–herbivore networks. There were no consistent differences in the robustness of networks with nested and compound topologies. However, compound topologies were especially vulnerable to removal sequences that accelerate the exclusion of entire modules.

Compound topologies improve the depiction of ecological networks and differentiate ecological and evolutionary processes that operate at different hierarchical levels, with the potential to advance our understanding of network dynamics, stability and response to species loss or change. Quantitative data often reveal specialization patterns that are indistinguishable in binary networks, strongly improving the detection of modular and compound topologies.
The Korea‐Vietnam trade and the bilateral exchange rate: Asymmetric evidence from commodity trade data
Authors: Baek Jungho , Yoon Jee Hee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe contribution of the current article is to detect the asymmetric impact that exchange rate fluctuations have on Korea's trade with Vietnam. To this end, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) process is applied to export and import data disaggregated by 25 commodities. We uncover that the ups and downs of exchange rates have an asymmetric impact on some, though not all, types of Korea's commodities exported to and imported from Vietnam in both the long‐ and short‐run.
The efficacy and complications of retropubic tension‐free vaginal tapes after 20 years: A prospective observational study
Authors: O'Leary Bobby D. , McCreery Alexandra , Redmond Aisling E. , Keane Declan P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term data regarding risks associated with tension‐free vaginal tapes (TVT) are sparse, and where available are limited to small numbers. We analyse patient‐reported outcomes of TVT after 16–24 years.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle‐centre study in a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit.PopulationA cohort of 350 women who had a TVT inserted between 1999 and 2004, in which 96% had urodynamically proven stress incontinence.MethodsPostal questionnaire survey using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, a visual analogue scale and a yes/no question as to whether they would have the procedure again.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was cure of stress urinary incontinence, which was assessed using the ICIQ‐FLUTS questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included overactive bladder symptoms, pain, sexual dysfunction, and patient satisfaction with the procedure.ResultsA total of 183/350 (52%) responses were received. The median age of women at follow up was 67 years (range 53–93 years) and the median follow up was 20 years (17–24 years). Stress urinary incontinence was denied by 39.3% of women. Urgency was reported by 42.1%. Bladder pain was reported either ‘never’ or ‘occasionally’ by 92.3% of women. The median satisfaction rate was 98/100 and 92.4% said they would have the TVT procedure again.ConclusionsTension‐free vaginal tape has high levels of satisfaction and cure up to 24 years after placement. Pain was uncommon and its impact on quality of life was low. Symptoms of urgency were prevalent but may be related to age. TVT is an effective treatment for SUI more than 20 years after initial placement.
The Complementarity Between Signal Informativeness and Monitoring
Authors: CHAIGNEAU PIERRE , SAHUGUET NICOLAS 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA firm that must decide whether to retain or terminate a manager can rely on several sources of information to assess managerial ability. When it relies on a performance signal and monitoring, we show that a more informative signal can surprisingly increase the value of monitoring. Then, signal precision and monitoring are complements. This happens if a more precise information system makes some signals more negative indicators of managerial ability that still do not trigger termination. When the turnover cost is high enough and the manager is more entrenched after a positive performance, an increase in signal precision increases expected monitoring. In firms with a high turnover cost, a less informative signal is compounded by worse monitoring after a disappointing performance. This “bad corporate governance trap” makes it hard for these firms to eventually improve performance.
Souvenirs of a Scandal: Commemorating the Margaret Nicholson Affair
Authors: Jamieson Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores a selection of visual and material commemorations of the Margaret Nicholson affair of 1786. Contextualizing the response to the affair within a broader story of spectacle and sensibility, it demonstrates that the cultural power and profusion of Nicholson, the would‐be assassin of King George III, were driven by her contravention of expectations surrounding gender, class, and madness. Along with visual analysis of surviving representations of Nicholson, the article questions how the commercial materialization of the Nicholson scandal related to issues surrounding eighteenth‐century experience, identity, and health.
fossilbrush: An R package for automated detection and resolution of anomalies in palaeontological occurrence data
Authors: Flannery‐Sutherland Joseph T. , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Kocsis Ádám T. , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Fossil occurrence databases are indispensable resources to the palaeontological community, yet present unique data cleaning challenges. Many studies devote significant attention to cleaning fossil occurrence data prior to analysis, but such efforts are typically bespoke and difficult to reproduce. There are also no standardised methods to detect and resolve errors despite the development of an ecosystem of cleaning tools fuelled by the concurrent growth of neontological occurrence databases.

As fossil occurrence databases continue to increase in size, the demand for standardised, automated and reproducible methods to improve data quality will only grow. Here, we present semi‐automated cleaning solutions to address these issues with a new R package fossilbrush. We apply our cleaning protocols to the Paleobiology Database to assess the prevalence of anomalous entries and the efficacy and impact of our methods.

We find that anomalies may be effectively resolved by comparison against a published compendium of stratigraphic ranges, improving the stratigraphic quality of the data, and through methods which detect outliers in taxon‐wise occurrence stratigraphic distributions. Despite this, anomalous entries remain prevalent throughout major clades, with often more than 30% of genera in major fossil groups (e.g. bivalves, echinoderms) displaying stratigraphically suspect occurrence records.

Our methods provide a way to flag and resolve anomalous taxonomic data before downstream palaeobiological analysis and may also aid in the automation and targeting of future cleaning efforts. We stress, however, that our methods are semi‐automated and are primarily for the detection of potential anomalies for further scrutiny, as full automation should not be a substitute for expert vetting. We note that some of our methods do not rely on external databases for anomaly resolution and so are also applicable to occurrences in neontological databases, expanding the utility of the fossilbrush R package.