bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immigrant wage gap and assimilation in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Chulhee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the size of the initial wage disadvantage and the patterns of subsequent labor-market assimilation for immigrant workers in South Korea. We find that immigrants to Korea earn 17–29 percent less upon arrival than natives with similar characteristics, and the wage gap diminishes by 1.55 percent per year spent in the country. The patterns of assimilation differ by both gender and country of origin. Males and Asian immigrants generally follow the patterns of all foreign workers. However, females experience a smaller initial wage difference and no convergence, while immigrants from non-Asian countries and Japan initially earn higher wages than natives, but they then experience a relative decline in wages over time. The results of our out-migration analysis suggest that the negative assimilation of non-Asian and Japanese immigrants may be due to positively selected out-migration.
Widespread Gene Expression Divergence in Butterfly Sensory Tissues Plays a Fundamental Role During Reproductive Isolation and Speciation
Authors: Wu Ningning , Evans Elizabeth , van Schooten Bas , Meléndez-Rosa Jesyka , Ortiz Yadira , Planas Soto-Navarro Silvia M , Van Belleghem Steven M , Counterman Brian A , Papa Riccardo , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neotropical Heliconius butterflies are well known for their intricate behaviors and multiple instances of incipient speciation. Chemosensing plays a fundamental role in the life history of these groups of butterflies and in the establishment of reproductive isolation. However, chemical communication involves synergistic sensory and accessory functions, and it remains challenging to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioral differences. Here, we examine the gene expression profiles and genomic divergence of three sensory tissues (antennae, legs, and mouthparts) between sexes (females and males) and life stages (different adult stages) in two hybridizing butterflies, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno. By integrating comparative transcriptomic and population genomic approaches, we found evidence of widespread gene expression divergence, supporting a crucial role of sensory tissues in the establishment of species barriers. We also show that sensory diversification increases in a manner consistent with evolutionary divergence based on comparison with the more distantly related species Heliconius charithonia. The findings of our study strongly support the unique chemosensory function of antennae in all three species, the importance of the Z chromosome in interspecific divergence, and the nonnegligible role of nonchemosensory genes in the divergence of chemosensory tissues. Collectively, our results provide a genome-wide illustration of diversification in the chemosensory system under incomplete reproductive isolation, revealing strong molecular separation in the early stage of speciation. Here, we provide a unique perspective and relevant view of the genetic architecture (sensory and accessory functions) of chemosensing beyond the classic chemosensory gene families, leading to a better understanding of the magnitude and complexity of molecular changes in sensory tissues that contribute to the establishment of reproductive isolation and speciation.
MEPP: more transparent motif enrichment by profiling positional correlations
Authors: Delos Santos Nathaniel P , Duttke Sascha , Heinz Sven , Benner Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Score-based motif enrichment analysis (MEA) is typically applied to regulatory DNA to infer transcription factors (TFs) that may modulate transcription and chromatin state in different conditions. Most MEA methods determine motif enrichment independent of motif position within a sequence, even when those sequences harbor anchor points that motifs and their bound TFs may functionally interact with in a distance-dependent fashion, such as other TF binding motifs, transcription start sites (TSS), sequencing assay cleavage sites, or other biologically meaningful features. We developed motif enrichment positional profiling (MEPP), a novel MEA method that outputs a positional enrichment profile of a given TF’s binding motif relative to key anchor points (e.g. transcription start sites, or other motifs) within the analyzed sequences while accounting for lower-order nucleotide bias. Using transcription initiation and TF binding as test cases, we demonstrate MEPP’s utility in determining the sequence positions where motif presence correlates with measures of biological activity, inferring positional dependencies of binding site function. We demonstrate how MEPP can be applied to interpretation and hypothesis generation from experiments that quantify transcription initiation, chromatin structure, or TF binding measurements. MEPP is available for download from https://github.com/npdeloss/mepp.
Five stories: international scientists in China
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
A large number of Chinese scientists are working overseas, especially in the USA and Europe, where scientific communities are highly internationalized and diverse. In contrast, international scientists working in China are fewer, naturally generating some curiosity about them—why do they come to China, and how are their experiences in China? In this article, we introduce five such scientists and their stories.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury through activating PI3K/Akt‐eNOS signaling via α2 adrenoreceptors in renal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Shan Xisheng , Zhang Jiaxin , Wei Xiang , Tao Wenhui , Peng Ke , Liu Huayue , Wang Yiqing , Liu Hong , Meng Xiaowen , Ji Fuhai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRenal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs), which are closely related to regulation of vascular reactivity and modulation of inflammation, play a crucial role in the process of renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have reported the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against renal I/R injury, but little is known about the role of DEX on RMECs. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX alleviated renal I/R injury via acting on the RMECs. Mice underwent bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h, and the cultured neonatal mice RMECs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation (H/R) for 24 h. The results suggest that DEX alleviated renal I/R injury in vivo and improved cell viability of RMECs during H/R injury in vitro. Gene sequencing revealed that the PI3K/Akt was the top enriched signaling pathway and the endothelial cells were widely involved in renal I/R injury. DEX activated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, increased eNOS expression, and attenuated inflammatory responses. In addition, the results confirmed the distribution of α2 adrenoreceptor (α2‐AR) in RMECs. Furthermore, the protective effects of DEX against renal I/R injury were abolished by α2‐AR antagonist (atipamezole), which was partly reversed by the PI3K agonist (740 Y‐P). These findings indicated that DEX protects against renal I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt‐eNOS pathway and inhibiting inflammation responses via α2‐AR in RMECs.
Evidence for a fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) mRNA gain‐of‐function toxicity mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of fragile X‐associated premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Rosario Roseanne , Stewart Hazel L. , Choudhury Nila Roy , Michlewski Gracjan , Charlet‐Berguerand Nicholas , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFragile X‐associated premature ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) is among a family of disorders caused by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat sequence located in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome. Women with FXPOI have a depleted ovarian follicle population, resulting in amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and loss of fertility before the age of 40. FXPOI is caused by expansions of the CGG sequence to lengths between 55 and 200 repeats, known as a FMRI premutation, however the mechanism by which the premutation drives disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Two main hypotheses exist, which describe an mRNA toxic gain‐of‐function mechanism or a protein‐based mechanism, where repeat‐associated non‐AUG (RAN) translation results in the production of an abnormal protein, called FMRpolyG. Here, we have developed an in vitro granulosa cell model of the FMR1 premutation by ectopically expressing CGG‐repeat RNA and FMRpolyG protein. We show that expanded CGG‐repeat RNA accumulated in intranuclear RNA structures, and these aggregates were able to cause significant granulosa cell death independent of FMRpolyG expression. Using an innovative RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry‐based approach we have identified proteins that are specifically sequestered by CGG RNA aggregates in granulosa cells in vitro, and thus may be deregulated as consequence of this interaction. Furthermore, we have demonstrated reduced expression of three proteins identified via our RNA pulldown (FUS, PA2G4 and TRA2β) in ovarian follicles in a FMR1 premutation mouse model. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the contribution of an mRNA gain‐of‐function mechanism to FXPOI disease biology.
Degeneration of biological heart valve grafts in a rat model of superoxide dismutase‐3 deficiency
Authors: Assmann Alexander , Schmidt Vera , Lepke Caroline , Sugimura Yukiharu , Assmann Anna Kathrin , Barth Mareike , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile oxidative stress is known as key element in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease, its role in the degeneration of biological cardiovascular grafts has not been clarified yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the impact of oxidative stress on the degeneration of biological cardiovascular allografts in a standardized chronic implantation model realized in rats exhibiting superoxide dismutase 3 deficiency (SOD3(−)). Rats with SOD3 loss‐of‐function mutation (n = 24) underwent infrarenal implantation of cryopreserved valved aortic conduits, while SOD3‐competent recipients served as controls (n = 28). After a follow‐up period of 4 or 12 weeks, comparative analyses addressed degenerative processes, hemodynamics, and evaluation of the oxidative stress model. SOD3(−)rats presented decreased circulating SOD activity (p = .0079). After 12 weeks, 58% of the implant valves in SOD3(−)rats showed regurgitation (vs. 31% in controls,p = .2377). Intima hyperplasia and chondro‐osteogenic transformation contributed to progressive graft calcification (p = .0024). At 12 weeks, hydroxyapatite deposition (p = .0198) and the gene expression of runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) (p = .0093) were significantly enhanced in group SOD3(−). This study provides the first in vivo evidence that impaired systemic antioxidant activity contributes to biological cardiovascular graft degeneration.
RNA m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes metastasis of triple‐negative breast cancer via SLIT2 repression
Authors: Jiang Tongtong , He Xinyi , Zhao Zhining , Zhang Xiao , Wang Ting , Jia Lintao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of fatal malignancies characterized by high metastatic capacity, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. We have found here that insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is highly expressed in TNBC and correlates clinically with distant metastasis‐free survival of TNBC patients. IGF2BP3 promotes the migration and invasion capabilities of TNBC cells dependent upon cellular RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 binds to and destabilizes m6A–methylated mRNA of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, SLIT2, impairs its downstream signaling via the cognate receptor ROBO1, and consequently triggers the activation of canonical PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. The IGF2BP3/SLIT2 axis is critically involved in the regulation of TNBC metastasis in vivo. These findings shed light into the regulatory network of distant metastasis of breast cancer and provide rationale for targeting the m6A machinery in the treatment of TNBC.
circBGN accelerates gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion via activating IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Chenghui , Peng Xiang , Peng Zhiyong , Yan Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs participate in the pathogenesis of various tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated the role of circBGN in regulating proliferation and invasion of GC cells and elucidated the mechanism. The expression of circBGN was assessed by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, loss‐ and gain‐of‐function investigations in vitro and in vivo were performed to determine the biological functions of circBGN. Luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments were applied to investigate the interaction between circBGN and miR‐149‐5p as well as the relationship between miR‐149‐5p and IL6. Our results showed that circBGN expression was significantly elevated in GC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circBGN dramatically suppressed GC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Xenograft experiments revealed that knockdown of circBGN delayed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, circBGN can directly bind to miR‐149‐5p, thereby preventing miR‐149‐5p from binding to its target mRNA [IL6 mRNA], thus activating IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Rescue assays indicated that circBGN regulates GC cell proliferation and invasion by upregulating miR‐149‐5p/IL6 axis output. Taken together, our investigation indicates that circBGN supports GC progression by activating IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus pointing to a new possible therapeutic target in GC.
Toward Drainless Breast Reconstruction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Patel Harsh , Kulber David , Ray Edward 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Implant-based breast reconstruction with immediate tissue expander placement is the predominant form of breast reconstruction in the United States. Closed-suction drains are frequently employed to minimize seroma accumulation, although they carry the risk of serving as a port of entry for bacteria, posing a concern in the presence of implanted materials such as breast implants or acellular dermal matrix. Introduction of a dual-port tissue expander designed to facilitate the collection and removal of seroma fluid provides a new way of performing breast reconstruction without external drains.

Methods:
We conducted a pilot study using the AlloX2 dual-port expander on five consecutive patients to demonstrate feasibility of this approach at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center by the two senior authors (E.R. and D.K.).

Results:
Patients averaged seven clinic visits before they were ready for expander exchange, totaling a mean of 137.5 days. Patients averaged 1.9 clinic visits before output was less than 40cm3 (1.6 for right breasts and 2.2 for left breasts), with two of the patients never reaching that output. There was one complication; a single patient had unilateral flap necrosis and implant exposure due to excessively large breasts and thin skin flaps, necessitating expander removal and latissimus flap reconstruction. The other four patients underwent successful implant reconstruction.

Conclusions:
This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of breast reconstruction without external drains using a dual-port expander with built-in seroma reservoir. From these results, it is apparent that dual-port tissue expanders with built-in seroma reservoir offer a safe and effective way to perform breast reconstruction without drains in appropriately selected patients. A larger prospective cohort will be needed to definitively demonstrate lower infection and reconstructive failure rates.
Spare Part Reconstruction of Distal Pediatric Thumb Amputation
Authors: Tadisina Kashyap Komarraju , Teixeira Robert , Kells Amy 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Thumb tip amputations can be reconstructive challenges, particularly in pediatric patients. Reconstruction using composite grafting and local flap options has been described for tip amputations in the adult population. The authors describe the use of a spare part reconstruction using autologous bone graft and a reverse cross finger flap to preserve length and function for a distal thumb tip amputation in a young man.
An Update and Report Failure of Surgical Syndactyly Repair in Harlequin Ichthyosis
Authors: Kahan Elias H. , Temple Brian , Carr Logan , Zellner Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare congenital skin disorder caused by irregular epidermal differentiation. Syndactyly in HI is associated with thick hyperkeratotic skin flexion and angulation deformity of the hand and fingers resulting in limited function of the upper extremity. Traditional syndactyly release is limited as full-thickness skin grafts typically used in reconstruction are composed of diseased skin and require donor sites in a patient predisposed for adverse wound healing. This case report is a follow-up to a previous viewpoint written about digital escharotomies in a newborn with HI and outlines a second and fourth webspace syndactyly release with a dermal substitute. Despite early evidence of adequate release and improved hand function, recurrence of syndactyly was observed within 4 months of surgical release. Our experience described within this case report may suggest the limitations and possible alternatives of surgical release of syndactyly in the HI population.
Large Mammary Paget Disease without Underlying Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Chirappapha Prakasit , Adireklarpwong Lakkana , Sornmayura Pattana , Lertsithichai Panuwat , Rattadilok Chayanoot 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Mammary Paget disease is an uncommon type of breast cancer. Redness, scaling, and thickness involving the nipple and areola are common clinical symptoms. Invasive breast cancer was found in nearly 90% of these patients. Only a few cases of mammary Paget disease with no underlying cancer have been described, with a better prognosis. Treatment options include wide excision or mastectomy. However, if the lesion is very extensive, breast reconstruction may be required. We reported a rare case of extensive Paget disease in a 65-year-old woman who had a 7-year history of a 14 × 19 cm progressively enlarging erythematous scaling lesion that covered her entire left breast. No evidence of related malignancy or metastatic lesion was seen. A left mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and immediate pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction was chosen. There is uncertainty about axillary node metastasis since multiple enlarged and palpable left axillary lymph nodes were seen. She had axillary lymph node dissection instead. A histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Paget disease of the nipple in the absence of underlying breast cancer and there was no evidence of axillary lymph node metastasis. This article emphasizes the need to pay close attention to diagnosis, progression, and treatment of the disease.
Aberrant sensorimotor coupling and movement planning in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Floegel Mareike , Steinmetz Sebastian , Dimova Violeta , Kell Christian A. , Birklein Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by inflammation and a failure of multimodal signal integration in the central nervous system (CNS). Central nervous system reorganization might account for sensory deficits, pain, and motor symptoms in CRPS, but it is not clear how motor control is affected by CNS mechanisms. The present study characterized the motor performance and related cortical activity of 16 CRPS patients and 16 control participants during the planning of visually guided unimanual grips, in patients with either the unaffected left or the affected right hand, and investigated resting-state sensorimotor coupling in MRI. Patients started isometric movements further in advance of the “go” cue and earlier than control participants. Even when accounting for this different timing, results showed side-independent overactivation in planning-related sensorimotor regions in CRPS during manual grips and increased functional coupling between those regions at rest. Fear of movement or individual pain scores contributed only marginally to the observed effects. The study suggests that changes in planning-related sensorimotor CNS regions may explain difficulties with force exertion and motor control in CRPS.

Perspective: Functional changes in motor planning-related brain regions might indicate that feedback-enhanced functional motor training may be effective for CRPS rehabilitation.
Subcutaneous Emphysema Risk Following Indwelling Pleural Catheter Insertion During Rigid Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy
Authors: Ajmal Syed , Stockbridge Alison , Johnstone Sarah , Tufail Muhammad , Panchal Rakesh K. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Local anesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) is important in the diagnosis of unilateral pleural effusions. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) can be inserted during LAT if a nonexpandable lung is suspected. Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a known complication and is associated with increased morbidity and length of stay. It is unclear however if the incidence of SCE is affected if IPC is inserted through a separate incision to the LAT port. We aim to establish the incidence and grading of SCE when IPC is inserted during LAT and to determine if the site of IPC placement influences this.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of LAT electronic records and radiology images over 8 years in a University Hospital. The incidence of SCE was assessed during admission and follow-up with the severity of SCE graded 0 to 4 (0 none; 1 at IPC site; 2 ipsilateral chest wall; 3 ipsilateral neck; 4 contralateral chest wall).

Results:
55 combined LAT and IPC procedures were performed. In 28 patients the IPC was inserted through the LAT port and in 27 the IPC was inserted in a separate intercostal space (ICS) to the LAT port. On day zero, the incidence of any SCE was lower if the IPC was inserted using a separate ICS to the LAT port compared with the same site as the LAT port(P=0.01). This was similarly reduced on discharge chest radiographs and subsequent follow-up.

Conclusion:
IPC insertion at LAT using a separate ICS to the LAT port is associated with a reduction in the incidence of SCE during admission and follow-up.
The current therapeutic approach for anaemia after kidney transplant
Authors: Nissaisorakarn Voravech , Nissaisorakarn Pitchaphon , Kantachuvesiri Surasak 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of reviewAnaemia after kidney transplantation is a common finding with no uniform management guideline. Most approaches are derived from the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Recent advances for the treatment of anaemia in patients with CKD/End stage renal disease include hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHi), a novel class of oral erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs). We present relevant studies of HIF-PHi in the transplant population and its implications on the management of posttransplant anaemia.Recent findingsData on HIF-PHi use in the kidney transplant population are promising. Limited data demonstrate a significant increase in haemoglobin, with a comparable safety profile to epoetin. Reported adverse effects include overcorrection and low iron stores.SummaryCurrent therapeutic approaches to anaemia in the kidney transplant population is mostly derived from the CKD population. More studies are needed on HIF-Phi, a novel class of ESAs that has thus far demonstrated promise in the kidney transplant population.