bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 antibody positivity over time and pregnancy outcomes in seven low‐and‐middle‐income countries: A prospective, observational study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , Saleem Sarah , Billah Sk Masum , Kim Jean , Moore Janet L. , Ghanchi Najia Karim , Haque Rashidul , Figueroa Lester , Ayala Alejandra , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Kavi Avinash , Somannavar Manjunath , Esamai Fabian , Mwenechanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Patel Archana , Das Prabir , Emonyi Wilfred Injera , Edidi Samuel , Deshmukh Madhavi , Hossain Biplob , Siraj Shahjahan , Mazariegos Manolo , Garces Ana L. , Bauserman Melissa , Bose Carl L. , Petri William A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Derman Richard J. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Liechty Edward A. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Peres‐da‐Silva Nalini , Nolen Tracy L. , McClure Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine COVID‐19 antibody positivity rates over time and relationships to pregnancy outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).DesignWith COVID‐19 antibody positivity at delivery as the exposure, we performed a prospective, observational cohort study in seven LMICs during the early COVID‐19 pandemic.SettingThe study was conducted among women in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population‐based study in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (two sites), and Guatemala.PopulationPregnant women enrolled in an ongoing pregnancy registry at study sites.MethodsFrom October 2020 to October 2021, standardised COVID‐19 antibody testing was performed at delivery among women enrolled in MNHR. Trained staff masked to COVID‐19 status obtained pregnancy outcomes, which were then compared with COVID‐19 antibody results.Main Outcome MeasuresAntibody status, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality and morbidity.ResultsAt delivery, 26.0% of women were COVID‐19 antibody positive. Positivity increased over the four time periods across all sites: 13.8%, 15.4%, 21.0% and 40.9%. In the final period, positivity rates were: DRC 27.0%, Kenya 33.1%, Pakistan 32.8%, Guatemala 37.0%, Zambia 37.8%, Bangladesh 47.2%, Nagpur, India 57.4% and Belagavi, India 62.4%. Adjusting for site and maternal characteristics, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, low birthweight and preterm birth were not significantly associated with COVID‐19. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for stillbirth was 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.69). Postpartum haemorrhage was associated with antibody positivity (aRR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01–2.07).ConclusionsIn pregnant populations in LMICs, COVID‐19 antibody positivity has increased. However, most adverse pregnancy outcomes were not significantly associated with antibody positivity.
‘We work in silos’: Exploring clinicians' perspectives on the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in an Australian public hospital and community health service
Authors: Mayr Hannah L. , Savill Holly , Law Lynette , Campbell Katrina L. , Hill Jan , Palmer Michelle , Hickman Ingrid J. , Kelly Jaimon T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis study explored clinicians' perspectives on roles, practices and service delivery in the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in a public health service.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 57 clinicians (21 nurses, 19 doctors, 13 dietitians and 4 physiotherapists) involved in the care of relevant patients across hospital and post‐acute community settings in a metropolitan health service in Australia. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 3 themes with 10 subthemes were identified. (a) ‘Treatment prioritisation’: important role of nutrition in risk factor management; competing priorities with complex patients; weight loss as a priority; and dietitians individualise. (b) ‘Diverse roles in providing diet advice’: a tension between nutrients, restrictions and diet quality; patients seek and trust advice from non‐dietitians; and providing nutrition information materials crosses professions. (c) ‘Dietitian access’: variable integration and resourcing; access governed by clinician discretion and perceived patient interest; and bespoke application of referral pathways.ConclusionsTime and resource constraints, variable access and referral to dietitians, and inconsistent advice were key challenges in the dietary management of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Models of care may be improved with greater investment and integration of dietitians, including to provide professional support across disciplines and disease specialties.
Verification of delay time and image compression thresholds for telesurgery
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiya , Hakamada Kenichi , Morohashi Hajime , Akasaka Harue , Ebihara Yuma , Oki Eiji , Hirano Satoshi , Mori Masaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionTelerobotic surgery relies on communication lines, causing delays, and video information requires pre‐transmission compression. Such delays and video degradation will continue to be unavoidable making communication conditions verification essential. Understanding the network specification values required for telerobotic surgery entails determining acceptable levels of delay and degradation due to the video compression and restoration processes during surgery.MethodsThe hinotori™ surgical robot from Medicaroid was used. Eight surgeons, skilled in robotic surgery, performed gastrectomy or rectal resection on pigs. Image compression (bitrate: 120, 60, 30, 20, 10 Mbps) was random, changing encoder settings during surgery, and delay times (30, 50, 100, 150 milliseconds) were pseudo‐randomly inserted, changing emulator settings. Acceptable video levels were evaluated. Subjective evaluations by surgeons and evaluators regarding image degradation and operability, and objective evaluations of image degradation and operability were given five‐point ratings.ResultsRegarding delay time, 30 and 50 millisecond periods garnered average ratings of 3.6 and 4.0, respectively, signifying that surgery was feasible. However, at 100 and 150 millisecond, average ratings were 2.9 and 2.3, respectively, indicating surgery was not feasible for the most part in these cases. The average rating for image compression was 4.0 or higher for bitrates of 20, 30, 60, and 120 Mbps, suggesting that surgery is possible even at bitrates as low as 10 Mbps, with an average rating of 4.0.ConclusionIn remote robotic surgery using the hinotori™, image compression and delay time are largely acceptable, so surgery can be safely performed.
Don't forget cord blood in non‐remission acute myeloid leukaemia!
Authors: Castagna Luca , Patti Katia , Mulè Antonino 
Published: December 2022

Transplantation from haploidentical donors is widely used, with progressive reduction of cord blood (CB) as alternative donor. The paper by Matsuda and colleagues, the largest analysing the outcome in non‐remission acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) transplanted with haploidentical donor or CB, suggests that CB is still a viable option when considering allogeneic transplantation for advanced AML.Commentary on: Matsuda et al. Comparison of transplant outcomes between haploidentical transplantation and single cord blood transplantation in non‐remission acute myeloid leukaemia: A nationwide retrospective study. Br J Haematol. 2023;201:106–113.
Distributive justice criteria and social categorization processes predict healthcare allocation bias
Authors: Madeira Filipa , Do Bú Emerson Araújo , Freitas Gonçalo , Pereira Cicero Roberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesDrawing on theories of distributive justice and intergroup discrimination, we examined how much distributive justice criterion and racial group membership contribute to bias in healthcare allocation decisions, by testing a theoretical model that specifies perceived stereotypicality and individual responsibility as a serial mediation process in the relationship between disease's contraction controllability (controllable vs. non‐controllable) and bias in medical decision‐making.MethodWhite Portuguese medical students (N = 213) participated in an online experimental study conducted in two phases. In phase 1, we manipulated the cause of disease contagion and the salience of patient's racial categorization, and measured the stereotypicality of behaviour. In phase 2, we assessed perceived responsibility and likelihood of recommending medical treatment.ResultsControllable (vs. non‐controllable) contraction behaviours in phase 1 were perceived as more stereotypic. As a spillover effect, more stereotypical behaviours in phase 1 predicted more patient's responsibility for their disease in phase 2. Importantly, controllable behaviours of disease contraction in phase 1 negatively affected recommendations for medical treatment in phase 2; and this negative effect was serially mediated by the stereotypicality of behaviour and patient responsibility. Furthermore, patients' skin colour moderated this process, meaning that perceptions of controllable behaviour as more stereotypic were stronger for Black than for White patients.ConclusionsThis research shows how stereotyping and social categorization bias allocation decisions through the patient's level of responsibility in decision‐making processes. The findings are discussed in light of principles of distributive justice and the literature on intergroup relations with respect to racial disparities in health care.
Chytrid prevalence and infection intensity in treefrogs from three environments with different degrees of conservation in Mexico
Authors: Bolom‐Huet René , Pineda Eduardo , Andrade‐Torres Antonio , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco , Muñoz Antonio L. , Galindo‐González Jorge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been related to rapid population declines and extinction in amphibians around the world. Bd has been associated with a severe decline in amphibian populations in southern Mexico. We compare the prevalence and intensity of Bd infection in two tree frogs in southern Mexico with similar life habits (Plectrohyla matudai and Ptychohyla euthysanota), inquiring if they differ across habitat types with different degrees of disturbance: preserved cloud forest, secondary cloud forest and anthropized riparian vegetation, and across three seasons. We examine the relationship between infection prevalence and intensity with biotic and abiotic variables. Infection prevalence differed between the two species, but not among environments, despite their similar life habits. Among seasons, prevalence decreased significantly at the end of the rainy season. There was no indication of significant changes in infection intensity between species, environments, and seasons. Moreover, the interaction among extrinsic factors (canopy cover, temperature, relative humidity) and factors intrinsic factors (body condition) explains the dynamics of Bd infection in the region. In our sample, we found no disease‐affected individuals, which may indicate that both species are resistant to the effects of the pathogen under field conditions. Finally, our results found no evidence to indicate that open canopies and anthropized habitats of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas are a refuge that prevents high prevalence or infection of Bd in stream breeders' amphibians.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
The value of concentration of alveolar nitric oxide in diagnosing small airway dysfunction in patients with stable asthma
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Ke , Cheng Xianliang , Chen Xiangsong , Qi Yanan , Zhao Limin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundExhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a simple, noninvasive, and reproducible test, and FeNO (50 ml/s) is often used to reflect airway inflammation. The peripheral small airway/alveolar nitric oxide (NO) concentration is derived from the output of NO at multiple flow rates. Concentration of alveolar NO (CANO), which has been reported to reflect peripheral small airway inflammation, may be related to parameters that reflect abnormal small airway function.AimThis study aims to investigate the relationship among CANO levels, clinical features, and small airway function‐related indicators in patients with stable asthma and to provide a simple method for monitoring small airway function in asthma.Design and MethodsWe recruited 144 patients with well‐controlled, stable asthma, including 69 patients with normal small airway function (normal group) and 75 patients with small airway dysfunction (abnormal group). CANO and pulmonary function were measured.ResultsCANO was significantly higher in the abnormal group ([7.28 ± 3.25] ppb) than the normal group CANO ([2.87 ± 1.50] ppb). FEF25–75%pred ([55.0 ± 16.5]%), FEF50%pred ([46.4 ± 13.2]%), and FEF75%pred ([41.9 ± 13.1]%) in abnormal group were significantly lower compared with normal group ([89.9 ± 7.5]%), ([80.9 ± 6.8]%), and ([73.8 ± 5.0]%). CANO was negatively correlated and FEF25–75%pred, FEF50%pred, and FEF75%pred (r = −0.87, P < 0.001; r = −0.82, P < 0.001; r = −0.78, P < 0.001). CANO was positively correlated with age (r = 0.27, P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.875 for CANO. The optimal cutoff point of 5.3 ppb had sensitivity and specificity values of 72% and 92% in diagnosing small airway dysfunction.ConclusionCANO has diagnostic value for small airway dysfunction, and the optimal cutoff value is 5.3 ppb. However, the diagnostic evidence is still insufficient, so it still needs further exploration for its value in detecting small airway dysfunction.
Impact of kidney transplant on post‐operative morbidity and mortality in patients with pre‐operative cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Kumar Aman , Naso Caroline , Bacon Daniel , Agala Chris B , Gerber David A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies show an increase in complications, both cardiac and non‐cardiac, and a higher mortality in patients with preexisting cardiac disease when they undergo elective surgery. Due to the high incidence of cardiac dysfunction in patients with concomitant chronic kidney disease, we wanted to determine if the same negative impact is demonstrated in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was done on 582 patients who underwent kidney transplant from a single transplant center between 2014 and 2019. Participants for this study were divided into two groups based on cardiac ejection fraction: normal EF (≥40%) (n = 540) and low EF (<40%) (n = 33); exclusion criteria included patients undergoing multi‐organ transplants (n = 9). Characteristics and outcomes of patients were compared before and after transplant using chi‐square tests for categorical measures, and either Kruskal–Wallis or paired Student's t tests for continuous measures. Overall survival (OS) between groups was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier test. We compared outcomes between the normal EF and low EF groups using logistic regression in raw data, and propensity score matched sample and inverse‐probability‐weighting to mitigate selection bias.ResultsThere was no significant difference in survival between patients in the low EF and normal EF groups (p = .33). Among patients with low EF, mean EF after transplant significantly improved (mean: 55.83% ± 5.75%) compared to mean EF before transplant (38.28% ± 7.35%), (p = < .0001). Of the patients with a low EF before transplant, 1 in 5 had a history of CAD, compared to only 1 in 10 among those patients with a normal EF, p = .0657. Post‐transplant complications were comparable between the groups.ConclusionPatients undergoing kidney transplantation with a low ejection fraction do not demonstrate an increased incidence of morbidity or mortality in the peri‐ and post‐transplant follow‐up compared with patients with a normal ejection fraction. Cardiac events post‐transplantation is also comparable between the two groups. Of note, patients with a low EF have a significantly improved EF after kidney transplant which is likely a function of improvement in their physiologic state after the kidney transplant.
GABAergic synaptic transmission and cortical oscillation patterns in the primary somatosensory area of a valproic acid rat model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fontes‐Dutra Mellanie , Righes Marafiga Joseane , Santos‐Terra Júlio , Deckmann Iohanna , Brum Schwingel Gustavo , Rabelo Bruna , Kazmierzak de Moraes Rafael , Rockenbach Marília , Vendramin Pasquetti Mayara , Gottfried Carmem , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and interaction associated with repetitive or stereotyped behaviour. Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure in rodents is a commonly used model of ASD. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to prevent interneuronal and behavioural impairments in the VPA model. We investigated the effects of prenatal VPA exposure and RSV on the GABAergic synaptic transmission, brain oscillations and on the genic expression of interneuron‐associated transcription factor LHX6 in the primary somatosensory area (PSSA). Prenatal VPA exposure decreased the sIPSC and mIPSC frequencies and the sIPSC decay kinetics onto layers 4/5 pyramidal cells of PSSA. About 40% of VPA animals exhibited absence‐like spike–wave discharge (SWD) events associated with behaviour arrest and increased power spectrum density of delta, beta and gamma cortical oscillations. VPA animals had reduced LHX6 expression in PSSA, but VPA animals treated with RSV had no changes on synaptic inhibition or LHX6 expression in the PSSA. SWD events associated with behaviour arrest and the abnormal increment of cortical oscillations were also absent in VPA animals treated with RSV. These findings provide new venues to investigate the role of both RSV and VPA in the pathophysiology of ASD and highlight the VPA animal model as an interesting tool to investigate pathways related to the aetiology and possible future therapies to this neuropsychiatric disorder.
RSPO4 is a potential risk gene of stages III–IV, grade C periodontitis through effects on innate immune response and oral barrier integrity
Authors: Chopra Avneesh , Song Jiahui , Weiner January , Keceli Huseyin G. , Dincer Pervin R. , Cruz Raquel , Carracedo Angel , Blanco Juan , Dommisch Henrik , Schaefer Arne S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimR‐spondin 4 (RSPO4) is a suggestive risk gene of stage III–IV, grade C periodontitis and upregulated in gingiva of mice resistant to bacteria‐induced alveolar bone loss. We aimed to replicate the association, identify and characterize the putative causal variant(s) and molecular effects, and understand the downstream effects of RSPO4 upregulation.Materials and MethodsWe performed a two‐step association study for RSPO4 with imputed genotypes of a German–Dutch (896 stage III–IV, grade C periodontitis cases, 7104 controls) and Spanish sample (441 cases and 1141 controls). We analysed the allelic effects on transcription factor binding sites with reporter gene and antibody electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We used CRISPR/dCas9 activation and RNA sequencing to pinpoint RSPO4 as the target gene and to analyse downstream effects.ResultsRSPO4 was associated with periodontitis (rs6056178, pmeta = 4.6 × 10−5). rs6056178 contains a GATA‐binding motif. The rs6056178 T‐allele abolished reporter activity (p = .004) and reduced GATA binding (−14.5%). CRISPRa of the associated region increased RSPO4 expression (25.8 ± 6.5‐fold, p = .003). RSPO4 activation showed strongest induction of Gliomedin (439‐fold) and Mucin 21 (178‐fold) and of the gene set “response to interferon‐alpha” (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.8, p < 5 × 10−6). The most repressed gene set was “extracellular matrix interactions” (AUC = 0.8, padj = .00016).ConclusionRSPO4 is a potential periodontitis risk gene and modifies host defence and barrier integrity.
Pain trajectories of nursing home residents
Authors: Cole Connie S. , Carpenter Janet S. , Blackburn Justin , Chen Chen X. , Jones Bobby L. , Hickman Susan E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding changes in nursing home (NH) resident pain over time would provide a more informed perspective, allowing opportunities to alter the course of illness, plan care, and set priorities. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to identify and characterize clinically meaningful, dynamic pain trajectories in NH residents.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal analysis of NH resident pain scores with a length of stay >100 days (N = 4864). Group‐based trajectory modeling was applied to Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments to identify pain trajectories. Trajectories were then characterized using unadjusted and adjusted cross‐sectional associations between residents' demographic and clinical characteristics and their pain trajectory.ResultsWe identified four distinct trajectories: (1) consistent pain absence (48.9%), (2) decreasing‐increasing pain presence (21.8%), (3) increasing‐decreasing pain presence (15.3%), and (4) persistent pain presence (14.0%). Demographics of younger age and living in a rural area were associated with the persistent pain presence trajectory. Clinical variables of obesity and intact cognition were associated with being in the persistent pain presence trajectory. A smaller proportion of residents with moderately or severely impaired cognition were in any of the trajectory groups with pain.ConclusionsWe identified and characterized four pain trajectories among NH residents, including persistent pain presence which was associated with demographic characteristics (younger, female, rural) and clinical factors (obese, fracture, contracture). Moreover, residents with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia were less likely to be in any of the three trajectories with pain, likely representing the difficulty in evaluating pain in these residents. It is important that NH staff understand, recognize, and respond to the factors associated with the identified pain trajectories to improve mitigation of potentially persistent pain (e.g., hip fracture, contracture) or improve proxy pain assessment skills for residents at risk for under reporting of pain (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease).
How Risky Are U.S. Corporate Assets?
Authors: DAVYDIUK TETIANA , RICHARD SCOTT , SHALIASTOVICH IVAN , YARON AMIR 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWe use market data on corporate bonds and equities to measure the value of U.S. corporate assets and their payouts to investors. In contrast to equity dividends, total corporate payouts are highly volatile, turn negative when corporations raise capital, and are acyclical. At the same time, corporate asset returns are similar to returns on equity, and both are exposed to fluctuations in economic growth. To reconcile this evidence, we argue that acyclical but volatile net repurchases mask the exposure of total payouts' cash components to economic growth risks. We develop an asset pricing framework to quantitatively illustrate this economic channel.