bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocultural conservation systems in the Mediterranean region: the role of values, rules, and knowledge
Authors: Plieninger Tobias , Abunnasr Yaser , D’Ambrosio Ugo , Guo Tianyu , Kizos Thanasis , Kmoch Laura , Topp Emmeline , Varela Elsa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Mediterranean Basin is a global biodiversity hotspot, but formal conservation approaches have not been wholly effective to halt species and ecosystem losses in this world region. There is wide agreement that maintaining traditional and diverse land-use systems is key to conserving biodiversity across the Mediterranean region. Biocultural approaches provide a perspective to understand and manage the interplay of nature and culture in various contexts. To develop biocultural systems as positive alternatives to unsustainable land-use systems requires an understanding of the decision-making contexts that enable such approaches. The aim of this synthesis study is therefore to compare how four biocultural conservation systems in the Mediterranean are shaped by values, rules, and knowledge. Our study is based on a synthesis of the literature published on agdal (Morocco), communal forests (Spain), sacred natural sites (Greece), and hima (Lebanon). Our synthesis shows that instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values are all fundamental components of the systems studied. Instrumental values, such as the provision of fodder or firewood, are central, and are often the result of a careful adaptation to the uncertainty inherent to Mediterranean climatic conditions. Systems like agdal and hima have originally been shaped by informal rules (often with the primary motivation to ensure equitable resource use and frequently involving taboos) and were then formalized to varying degrees. All four systems are strongly driven by local knowledge. We conclude that biocultural systems in the Mediterranean represent “people and nature” approaches that support linkages between nature and human well-being. Fostering biocultural conservation in the Mediterranean requires navigating multiple interlinkages between values, rules, and knowledge in decision-making.
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Postsurgical Outcomes in a Bariatric Surgery Cohort
Authors: Raphelson Janna R. , Schmickl Christopher N. , Sonners Christine , Kreitinger Kimberly , Grunvald Eduardo , Horgan Santiago , Malhotra Atul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with obesity and elevated serum bicarbonate suggesting obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) undergoing bariatric surgery may represent a unique subgroup. Information regarding surgical outcomes in this population remains limited. We sought to test the hypothesis that an elevated bicarbonate would be an important predictor of perioperative complications (i.e., length of hospital stay) and postsurgical outcomes (i.e., weight loss at 1 year).

Materials and Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing bariatric surgery between January 2015 and December 2018 were included. Patients with a preoperative serum bicarbonate ≥ 27 mEq/L were classified as suspected OHS.

Results
Of 297 patients, the prevalence of suspected OHS based on an elevated bicarbonate was 19.5% (95% CI: 15.3 to 24.6%). Length of hospital stay was similar in the suspected OHS and non-OHS control group (1.50 vs 1.49 days, P = 0.98). The achieved weight loss from peak preoperative weight to 1 year post-surgery was less in the suspected OHS vs the control group (4.2% [95% CI 1.6 to 6.8]; P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Patients with serum bicarbonate ≥ 27 mEq/L as a surrogate marker for OHS experienced weight loss that was significantly less than their normal serum bicarbonate counterparts, but still achieved weight loss deemed clinically important by current guidelines. We observed no significant difference in length of hospital stay at time of surgery.

Graphical abstract
Diagnosis and Management of Stroke in Adults with Primary Brain Tumor
Authors: Komlodi-Pasztor Edina , Gilbert Mark R. , Armstrong Terri S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article reviews the risk factors, clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and the types of strokes frequently seen in patients with primary brain neoplasms. This includes a discussion of approaches with a review of the available literature and provides recommendations for primary and secondary prevention specific to this patient population.

Recent Findings
Strokes in patients with brain tumors are often multifactorial. However, tailored approaches to stroke care are necessary to achieve optimal patient outcomes, AHA/ASA stroke guidelines provide little information on the management of stroke in cancer patients. A comprehensive algorithm for diagnosis for stroke in primary CNS tumor patients is proposed.

Summary
Understanding the potential complex etiology of stroke in patients with brain tumors is essential to provide appropriate treatment and initiate optimal prevention measures early in the cancer treatment program. Optimal care therefore requires a comprehensive approach including a variety of specialists and healthcare providers.
Spectroscopic-Based Prediction of Milk Foam Properties for Barista Applications
Authors: Christin Brettschneider Kim , Zettel Viktoria , Sadeghi Vasafi Pegah , Hummel Darius , Hinrichs Jörg , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe important quality parameters of cow’s milk for barista applications are frothability and foam stability. In the past, quality assessment was very time-consuming and could only be carried out after milk treatment had been completed. Since spectroscopy is already established in dairies, it could be advantageous to develop a spectrometer-based measurement method for quality control for barista applications. By integrating online spectroscopy to the processing of UHT (ultra-high temperature processing) milk before filling, it can be checked whether the currently processed product is suitable for barista applications. To test this hypothesis, a feasibility study was conducted. For this purpose, seasonal UHT whole milk samples were measured every 2 months over a period of more than 1 year, resulting in a total of 269 milk samples that were foamed. Samples were frothed using a self-designed laboratory frother. Frothability at the beginning and foam loss after 15 min describe the frothing characteristics of the milk and are predicted from the spectra. Near-infrared, Raman, and fluorescence spectra were recorded from each milk sample. These spectra were preprocessed using 15 different mathematical methods. For each spectrometer, 85% of the resulting spectral dataset was analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and nine different variable selection (VS) algorithms. Using the remaining 15% of the spectral dataset, a prediction error was determined for each model and used to compare the models. Using spectroscopy and PLS modeling, the best results show a prediction error for milk frothability of 3% and foam stability of 2%.
Influence of Seminal Metals on Assisted Reproduction Outcome
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Rubí , Blanes-Zamora Raquel , Vaca- Sánchez Rebeca , Gómez-Rodríguez Jorge , Hardisson Arturo , González-Weller Dailos , Gutiérrez Ángel J. , Paz Soraya , Rubio Carmen , González-Dávila E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreased levels of metal ions in human seminal fluid have a significant correlation with male fertility. Few publications explain the effect of metals in semen and their influence on assisted reproductive treatments. Semen parameters and the levels of twenty-two metals were measured in the seminal fluid of 102 men attended in a Reproductive Unit. Metals were determined by optical emission spectrophotometry. A statistical relationship was found between spermiogram and iron, which was lower than expected in pathological spermiograms (p = 0.032); zinc (p = 0.066), calcium (p = 0.047), and magnesium (p = 0.048) mean levels were higher in normozoospermics. More days of sexual abstinence correlates with higher seminal zinc (p = 0.001) and magnesium levels (p = 0.002). Lower vanadium values were found to be associated with higher fertilization rates (p = 0.039). Higher values of lead (p = 0.052) and vanadium (p = 0.032) were obtained in patients who did not reach 100% embryo cleavage rate. Aluminium (p = 0.042) and sodium (p = 0.002) were found in lower amounts associated with better blastocyst rates. The implantation rate shows an inverse association with women’s age and iron and calcium content, compared to magnesium and sodium which presented a significant direct association with this percentage. A significant direct relationship was found between the positive evolution of pregnancy and the values of zinc (p = 0.004), calcium (p = 0.013), potassium (p = 0.002), and magnesium (p = 0.009). The study confirms that zinc, iron, calcium, sodium, aluminium, magnesium, vanadium, and lead have positive–negative effects on reproduction and support the analysis of metals in semen as a new line of study on male fertility with implications for reproductive outcomes.
Validation Through Collaboration: Encouraging Team Efforts to Ensure Internal and External Validity of Computational Models of Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Fitzpatrick Richard , Stefan Melanie I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComputational modelling of biochemical reaction pathways is an increasingly important part of neuroscience research. In order to be useful, computational models need to be valid in two senses: First, they need to be consistent with experimental data and able to make testable predictions (external validity). Second, they need to be internally consistent and independently reproducible (internal validity). Here, we discuss both types of validity and provide a brief overview of tools and technologies used to ensure they are met. We also suggest the introduction of new collaborative technologies to ensure model validity: an incentivised experimental database for external validity and reproducibility audits for internal validity. Both rely on FAIR principles and on collaborative science practices.
How does mass loss compare with total body score when assessing decomposition of human and pig cadavers?
Authors: Dawson Blake M. , Wallman James F. , Barton Philip S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProviding accurate and reliable measures of decomposition is paramount for forensic research where decomposition progress is used to estimate time of death. Mass loss is routinely used as a direct measure of biomass decomposition in ecological studies, yet few studies have analysed mass loss in a forensic context on human cadavers to determine its usefulness for modelling the decomposition process. Mass loss was examined in decomposing human and pig cadavers, and compared with other common decomposition metrics, such as total body score (TBS). One summer and one winter field decomposition experiment was conducted using human and pig cadavers, as pigs are often used as proxies for human cadavers in forensic research. The two measures of decomposition revealed two contrasting patterns of decomposition on pigs and humans, particularly in winter where TBS stabilised at similar values, but mass loss differed greatly. Mass loss was found to be faster in pigs than humans during early decomposition. Pigs lost 75% of their mass in winter, while humans lost less than 50%; however, in summer, both lost around 80% of their mass. TBS displayed similar patterns in both experiments, with TBS increasing more rapidly in pigs compared with humans but both eventually reaching similar TBS values in late decomposition. Measuring mass loss can provide additional information about decomposition progress that is missed if using TBS only. Key differences in decomposition progress between cadaver types were also observed, suggesting caution when extrapolating data from pigs to humans for forensic research and decomposition modelling.
Relationen zwischen Theorie, Empirie und normativen Ansprüchen
Authors: Kraus Björn 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Aufsatz soll einen Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Relationen von Theorie, Empirie und normativen Ansprüchen innerhalb einer Wissenschaft der Sozialen Arbeit leisten. Die Spannbreite der Perspektiven auf die Bedingungen der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnung ist weit. Das Feld reicht von der Frage, ob unter dem Diktat der Drittmittel eine zweite empirische Wende maßgeblich zur „theorie- und erklärungsarmen“ Produktion von „Datenfriedhöfen“ beiträgt, bis hin zu der Frage, ob Theorieentwicklungen dem dialektischen Schein erliegen, auch ohne Empirie zu welthaltigen Aussagen gelangen zu können. Ähnlich weit ist das Feld der vorhandenen, möglichen und/oder notwendigen Relationen zwischen Wissenschaft und normativen Ansprüchen, die entweder Gegenstand der Wissenschaft sein können oder die als Ansprüche an Wissenschaft gestellt werden. Bei der Klärung dieser Fragen wird deutlich, dass nicht nur die Relationen dringend bestimmungsbedürftig sind, sondern auch die zu relationierenden Begriffe. Denn die Begriffe Theorie, Empirie und normative Ansprüche werden keineswegs immer präzise bestimmt und theoretisch begründet verwendet.Als Grundlage der Verhältnisbestimmungen werden zunächst die Begriffe Theorie, Empirie und normative Ansprüche diskutiert. Daran an schließt die Erörterung möglicher Verhältnisbestimmungen dieser Begriffe, sowohl hinsichtlich der Theoriebildung im Allgemeinen als auch der Theoriebildung in der Sozialen Arbeit im Speziellen. Deutlich werden soll dabei zumindest exemplarisch die Spannbreite möglicher und vorliegender Antworten in den Fachdiskursen, schließlich aber auch meine eigene relational-konstruktivistische Position. Insofern wird auch kritisch erörtert, welche Konsequenzen sich aus konstruktivistischen Grundlagen für die Möglichkeiten wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und normativer Entscheidungen ergeben.
Evaluation of Greener Corrosion-Inhibiting Admixtures for Steel Reinforcements in Concrete
Authors: Ramesh Thiruman , Suji Dhanraj , Quraishi M. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, corrosion of thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) rebars with and without 3.5% NaCl for various concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) of green corrosion inhibitors, namely glucosamine and stevioside, was systematically studied in simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS). Open-circuit potential measurements revealed that inhibited system showed passive behaviour compared with control system in SCPS. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that inhibitor stevioside offers more than 88% inhibition efficiency at 0.3% concentration in SCPS containing 3.5% NaCl. Similarly, linear polarization resistance and impedance measurements showed higher polarization resistance and charge transfer resistance values, respectively, at 0.3% concentration for inhibited systems when compared with control (without inhibitor).In the second part, the optimized concentration of glucosamine and stevioside showed better performance against corrosion of rebar in the solution study admixed into concrete. The corrosion of TMT rebar embedded in concrete with and without inhibitors is subjected to simulated marine exposure for a period of 180 days and evaluated the corrosion inhibition. Gravimetric weight loss and electrochemical techniques were employed to study the efficacy of inhibitors in SCPS and concrete medium. It is found that the time taken for corrosion-induced cracking in concrete admixed with stevioside inhibitor is approximately 20 times that of control concrete and that stevioside inhibitor is relatively better corrosion inhibitor than other inhibitor reported.
Autonomous ships and the collision avoidance regulations: a licensed deck officer survey
Authors: Hannaford Elspeth , Maes Pieter , Van Hassel Edwin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
International interest in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is on the rise. This exploratory research presents insights of a sample of licensed deck officers (LDOs) regarding the potential future of the Collision Avoidance Regulations (COLREGs) with the implementation of MASS. At present, there is much discussion in the maritime industry on if and how the COLREGs will need to be amended to be able to be applied to MASS. Limited research is published from the key perspective of the LDO. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used, including a literature review and a multiple-choice survey. Data is analyzed via descriptive statistics, and commonalities within the results are investigated as well as years of experience with practicing the COLREGs. Results show that many barriers exist when applying the COLREGs to MASS, and minor amendments to certain terms and definitions are recommended. Moreover, the COLREGs should not be quantified, and MASS should be identifiable from other vessels. LDOs with more experience with practicing the COLREGs are found to be slightly more open to changing the rules versus LDOs with less experience. When compared to the results of the International Maritime Organization’s regulatory scoping exercise, the results of this study are found to be in congruence. This research provides valuable insights for the ongoing discussion of the future of MASS operation in the maritime industry.
Effects of pellet surface roughness and pre-oxidation temperature on CMAS corrosion behavior of Ti2AlC
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Guang , Wu Jing , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCalcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) corrosion is a serious threat to thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Ti2AlC has been proven to be a potential protection layer material for TBCs to resist CMAS corrosion. In this study, the effects of the pellet surface roughness and temperature on the microstructure of the pre-oxidation layer and CMAS corrosion behavior of Ti2AlC were investigated. The results revealed that pre-oxidation produced inner Al2O3 layer and outer TiO2 clusters on the pellet surfaces. The content of TiO2 decreased with decreasing pellet surface roughness and increased along with the pre-oxidation temperature. The thickness of Al2O3 layer is also positively related to the pre-oxidation temperature. The Ti2AlC pellets pre-oxidized at 1050 °C could effectively resist CMAS corrosion by promoting the crystallization of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) from the CMAS melt rapidly, and the resistance effectiveness increased with the pellet surface roughness. Additionally, the CMAS layer mainly spalled off at the interface of CaAl2Si2O8/Al2O3 layer after thermal cycling tests coupled with CMAS corrosion. The Al2O3 layer grown on the rough interface could combine with the pellets tightly during thermal cycling tests, which was attributed to obstruction of the rough interface to crack propagation.
High-entropy rare-earth zirconate ceramics with low thermal conductivity for advanced thermal-barrier coatings
Authors: Liu Debao , Shi Baolu , Geng Liyan , Wang Yiguang , Xu Baosheng , Chen Yanfei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high-entropy rare-earth zirconate ((La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7, 5RE2Zr2O7 HEREZs) ceramics were successfully prepared by a new high-speed positive grinding strategy combined with solid-state reaction method. The microstructure, crystal structure, phase composition, and thermophysical and mechanical properties of the samples were systematically investigated through various methods. Results indicate that the samples have a single-phase defect fluorite-type crystal structure with excellent high-temperature thermal stability. The as-prepared samples also demonstrate low thermal conductivity (0.9–1.72 W·m−1·K−1 at 273–1273 K) and high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, 10.9 × 10−6 K−1 at 1273 K), as well as outstanding mechanical properties including large Young’s modulus (E = 186–257 GPa) and high fracture toughness (KIC). Furthermore, the formation possibility of the as-prepared samples was verified through the first-principles calculations, which suggested the feasibility to form the 5RE2Zr2O7 HE-REZs in the thermodynamic direction. Therefore, in view of the excellent multifunctional properties exhibited by the as-prepared 5RE2Zr2O7 HE-REZs, they have great potential applications in next-generation thermal-barrier coatings (TBCs).
Influence of Global Operating Parameters on the Reactivity of Soot Particles from Direct Injection Gasoline Engines
Authors: Koch S. , Hagen F. P. , Büttner L. , Hartmann J. , Velji A. , Kubach H. , Koch T. , Bockhorn H. , Trimis D. , Suntz R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of global operating parameters, e.g., engine speed, brake mean effective pressure, and air–fuel ratio, of a turbocharged 4-cylinder GDI engine on the reactivity of soot particles against oxidation. The knowledge of soot reactivity is crucial for optimizing gasoline particulate filter regeneration strategies and is, consequently, a key parameter for reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In this work, time-resolved in-cylinder soot concentrations and exhaust particle size distributions are measured by using two-color pyrometry, engine exhaust particle sizer and smoke meter, respectively. Reactivity against oxidation by molecular oxygen is determined by temperature programmed oxidation analysis. To derive a physicochemical explanation for varying soot reactivity, the morphological and nanostructural primary particle structure of collected samples is analyzed using high-resolution electron microscopy and image analysis algorithms. The results reveal that engine operating parameters affect soot reactivity differently. While engine speed has only a slight effect, a reduction of air/fuel ratio (λ < 1.0) or an increase of BMEP > 10 bar significantly reduces the soot oxidation reactivity. These findings give evidence, that the quality of the fuel/air mixture is a significant parameter influencing soot reactivity. Measured soot concentrations substantiate the hypothesis that low-sooty homogeneous premixed combustion of a homogeneous fuel/air mixture favors formation of high-reactive soot particle fractions. Reactive soot particle aggregates are composed of multiple soot fractions of different reactivity. Reactive primary particles are composed of short graphene-like layers and vice versa, providing a physicochemical explanation for varying soot reactivity depending on engine operating conditions.
Constructing self-supporting surfaces with planar quadrilateral elements
Authors: Ma Long , Yao Sidan , Zheng Jianmin , Liu Yang , Zhou Yuanfeng , Xin Shi-Qing , He Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a simple yet effective method for constructing 3D self-supporting surfaces with planar quadrilateral (PQ) elements. Starting with a triangular discretization of a self-supporting surface, we first compute the principal curvatures and directions of each triangular face using a new discrete differential geometry approach, yielding more accurate results than existing methods. Then, we smooth the principal direction field to reduce the number of singularities. Next, we partition all faces into two groups in terms of principal curvature difference. For each face with small curvature difference, we compute a stretch matrix that turns the principal directions into a pair of conjugate directions. For the remaining triangular faces, we simply keep their smoothed principal directions. Finally, applying a mixed-integer programming solver to the mixed principal and conjugate direction field, we obtain a planar quadrilateral mesh. Experimental results show that our method is computationally efficient and can yield high-quality PQ meshes that well approximate the geometry of the input surfaces and maintain their self-supporting properties.