bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM to textural problems of coated high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Obst Bernhard , Nast Rainer , Schlachter Sonja , de Boer Bernd , Holzapfel Bernhard , Nemetschek Ralf , Prusseit Werner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
YBa2Cu3O7– δ (YBCO) is a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) with unique characteristics for use in electrical engineering. The structure and the transport properties of the cuprate superconductor are reviewed. The key issues in HTS wire technology, viz. texture tailoring and grain boundary engineering of the polycrystalline material to be used in technical devices, are discussed. A production route is described to fabricate long lengths of highly aligned YBCO films on cube-textured nickel and nickel alloy substrates. Electron backscatter diffraction in the scanning electron microscope is used to control the process → texture relationship in developing the sheet material as well as the epitaxy and phase stability of the YBCO film.
Microstructure, surface topography and mechanical properties of slip cast and powder injection moulded microspecimens made of zirconia
Authors: Auhorn M. , Kasanická B. , Beck T. , Schulze V. , Löhe D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Investigations on ceramic microspecimens made of Y2O3- stabilized ZrO2 produced by slip casting or micro powder injection moulding are introduced. During the production of the microspecimens, feedstocks and sintering conditions were varied. Differently moulded specimens were examined with respect to their microstructure and surface topography using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal white light microscopy. Additionally, the mechanical characteristics were investigated by three-point bending tests using a micro universal testing device. The statistical analysis was realised by means of the Weibull theory and interpreted by the aid of SEM images of fracture surfaces. This research allowed to understand correlations between different feedstocks used, process parameters like the sintering conditions applied and the resulting characteristics as well as material properties of the microspecimens. These results could be used to improve the production process.
Tailoring nanocrystalline materials towards potential applications
Authors: Klassen T. , Bohn R. , Fanta G. , Oelerich W. , Eigen N. , Gärtner F. , Aust E. , Bormann R. , Kreye H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high interface area in nanocrystalline materials leads to advanced structural and functional properties that are interesting for a variety of applications and products. Three distinct examples for potential applications are given: Nanocrystalline and submicron-sized light-weight intermetallics based on γ-TiAl exhibiting favourable deformation behaviour at reduced temperatures, nanocrystalline cermet coatings produced by thermal spray process exhibiting improved hardness and wear resistance, and nanocrystalline Mg hydride-based composites for hydrogen storage in future mobile applications exhibiting extremely high, reversible storage capacity and fast kinetics.
Nanoskalige Schutzschichten für hochbeanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile
Authors: Holleck H. , Leiste H. , Stüber M. , Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanoskalige Schichten für tribologische Anwendungen können unterteilt werden in nanostrukturierte Viellagenschichten, nanomodulierte Übergitterschichten, nanokristalline metastabile Schichten, nanostabilisierte Ein- und Mehrlagenschichten sowie nanogradierte Filme. Grenzflächenanteile, Korngröße, Einzellagendicke, Grenzflächenenergie, Textur, und Spannungsverteilung sind neben der Stoffauswahl und Herstellungstechnologie maßgebend für Eigenschaften und Verhalten dieser Schutzschichten. Durch ein funktionales und strukturelles Design können so maßgeschneiderte Schichten für hochbeanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile erhalten werden. Durch Einfrieren metastabiler Zustände bei der Gasphasenabscheidung erhält man neuartige Filmmaterialien mit multifunktionalen Eigenschaften. Eine thermodynamische und kinetische Modellierung des Stoffsystems und der Abscheideparameter ergibt hierbei die Möglichkeit, Schichten in Bezug auf Konstitution, Eigenschaften und Verhalten gezielt zu optimieren. Verschiedene nanoskalige Schichtverbunde und Verbundkonzepte, die in jüngster Zeit entwickelt bzw. hergestellt wurden, werden beschrieben und diskutiert.
From atomistics to macro-behavior: structural superplasticity in micro- and nano-crystalline materials
Authors: Padmanabhan K. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over a period of time, what started off as a phenomenological analysis for structural superplasticity in micro-grained materials has been developed into a mechanistic model and later extended to explain the quasi-viscous deformation of nanostructured materials. Regardless of the number of grain sizes, temperatures and stresses employed in the stress–grain size–temperature–strain rate space, it is now possible to account for the viscous deformation of structural superplastics and nanostructured materials in the optimal range (defined as the range from the slowest strain rate to the point of inflection on the sigmoidal log stress – log strain rate iso-thermal, iso-structural plot) with the help of 5 empirical constants. Of these, four constants can be calculated, in principle, ab initio.
Interface stress in nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Birringer R. , Hoffmann M. , Zimmer P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on a generalization of a capillary equation for solids, we develop a method for measuring the absolute value of grain-boundary stress in polycrystalline samples having a large interface-to-volume ratio. The grain-boundary stress in nanocrystalline Pd is calculated from X-ray diffraction measurements of the average grain size and the residual-strain-free lattice spacings, yielding a value of 1.2 ± 0.1 N /m. The random distribution of crystallite orientations in the sample in conjunction with calorimetric data for the area-averaged interfacial energy and knowledge of the grain-boundary misorientation distribution function suggest that this value is characteristic of random high-angle grain boundaries in Pd.
Microstructure, frequency and localisation of pseudo-elastic fatigue strain in NiTi
Authors: Hornbogen E. , Heckmann A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fatigue is due to accumulation of undesired defects by repeated loading cycles. Classical fatigue leads to the formation of localised strain and nucleation and propagation of cracks. In shape memory alloys, there are additional fatigue phenomena: 1. Thermal cycling plays a role mainly for the two-way effect; 2. Pseudo-elastic fatigue can precede classical fatigue. Pseudo-elastic fatigue consists in deterioration of the hysteresis and consequently the loss of damping ability and transformability. It is related to the localisation of the martensitic transformation reaction.
Nanoceramics by chemical vapour synthesis
Authors: Winterer Markus , Hahn Horst 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanopowders is in principle not difficult. Consequently, various methods on a laboratory and industrial scale have been developed in the last century. However, in the last decades it became obvious that the control of synthesis and processing is required to develop nanocrystalline materials with novel functional properties leading to specific applications. The potential of nanostructures was recognized through the pioneering work of Gleiter in the early 80’s [1]. In this review, we show that chemical vapour synthesis allows the production of nanostructured materials with tailored microstructures and properties.
Simulations of the inert gas condensation processes
Authors: Krasnochtchekov Pavel , Albe K. , Averback R. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Inert gas condensation of metallic and covalently bonded nanoparticles has been investigated using molecular-dynamics computer simulations. Using Ge as an example, the different phases of particle growth, nucleation, monomeric growth, and cluster aggregation, have been identified and the kinetics of each described. In addition, the evolutions of the morphologies of the different types of nanoparticles have been studied. It is shown that while covalently bonded nanoparticles tend toward a ramified structure, metallic nanoparticles remain compact, owing to deformation in the crystallized state. Finally, the strong influence of surface segregation on the structure of alloy nanoparticles is illustrated using a model system.
Structure relations in the family of the solid solution Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2
Authors: Nentwich Melanie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 is a potentially ferroelectric material with great perspectives in semiconductor applications, due to its compatibility with silicon technologies and its low toxicity. Despite its chemical simplicity, the solid solution Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 comprises a large variety of different phases. We compiled a complete list of experimentally and theoretically reported Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 structures. All of them are symmetrically related to the common aristotype with Fluorite type structure. The symmetry relationships between those structures have been determined and are presented in a Bärnighausen-like tree. Interestingly, not all symmetry reductions follow the conventional group-subgroup relations and involve severe atomic shifts. Further, the structures were compared to each other in detail regarding the dimensionality of atomic shifts and the accompanied lattice distortions. Finally, the information provided by the Bärnighausen-like tree was used to transform the indices of a reflection before and after a phase transition. This conversion allows the study of (dis)appearing reflections during phase transitions.
Clinico-bacteriological study of acute and chronic dacryocystitis cases in tertiary eye care centre in Southern Assam
Authors: Khangembam Priya Lakshmi , Thakur Nilanjan Kaushik , Chakravarty Atanu , Dutta Saura Kamal 
Published: February 2022

To identify the microbiological spectrum of acute and chronic dacryocystitis and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates. A prospective analysis on 304 patients with acute and chronic dacryocystitis were conducted during the period from November 2015 to October 2019. The posterior lacrimal flap was used as the sample in operated cases and swab of the regurgitation fluid in un-operated cases. In cases where patients presented with acute form sample was collected from purulent discharge from ulcerated area or it has been collected after performing incision and drainage of lacrimal abscess. The specimens were cultured in Microbiology department of Silchar Medical College and Hospital and results were analysed. Data was recorded and analysed in MS Office 2007 Total of 304 adult patients were included in the study among them 116 were males and 188 were females. Of the 304 specimens received from the patients 116(38.16%) showed growth of organisms and 188 were sterile. The growth consisted of gram positive, gram-negative bacteria and mixed growth. Majority of chronic dacryocystitis cases in this part of the country are caused by Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas the acute cases mostly showed infection by Staphylococcus and mixed flora in others. Majority of chronic dacryocystitis cases in this part of the country are caused by Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas the acute cases mostly showed infection by Staphylococcus and mixed flora in others.
Games for Science Education: is this technique effective for developing students' creativity and scientific competence?
Authors: Daniyarova Akmaral , Suad Alwaely , Vecherinina Elena , Seluch Marina , Ananishnev Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

The authors examine the pros and cons of games in the context of increasing students' creativity and scientific competence. Research materials and methods consisted of two tests. The first included the use of 7 pedagogical methods that are valid for the mental diagnosis of students: speed of thinking; method of thinking flexibility; method of determining the level of imagination and others. After the first testing, the training program included techniques for playing chess (in the classroom and online) and sand animation (in the classroom). Re-testing was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the programs. The study results showed that play activities improve the quality of student learning both in the classroom and online and enhance the functioning of many processes, including the speed and flexibility of thinking, memory capacity and attentiveness. This study demonstrates that play activities used in the educational process can play a positive role in teaching students. Further research needs to focus on studying the role of age, gender and race in play activities and determine how these factors affect performance.

Keywords: chess, cognitive processes, natural science education, pedagogical methods, performance, play activity, thinking
Professional development of teachers in the context of the lifelong learning model: The role of modern technologies
Authors: Abdalina Larisa , Bulatova Elena , Gosteva Snezhana , Kunakovskaya Ludmila , Frolova Olesya 
Published: February 2022

The relevance of this research is due to the need to study the possibilities of lifelong learning in modern educational settings. Its central aim was to consider the influence of modern technologies on the level of professionalism of teachers in the process of lifelong learning. For this, a specially developed model aimed at increasing student motivation was introduced, and corresponding pre- and post-surveys were conducted. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the demand for lifelong learning in the modern learning environment and the active use of modern technologies. In the meantime, the outcomes of the repeated survey demonstrated the expansion of the list of motivation factors. Prospects for further research are seen in the possibility of applying the results obtained when analyzing the features of lifelong learning in other countries in the context of the modern education system in a comparative aspect. Apart from this, future studies use the achieved findings to scrutinize the influence of pedagogical innovations on lifelong learning effectiveness.

Keywords: Education system, lifelong learning, modern technologies, pedagogical innovation,; professionalism.
Digital literacy model to empower women using community-based education approach
Authors: Kusumawardani Erma , Tristanti Tristanti , Kusumawardani Erma 
Published: February 2022

Women have a strategic role in managing and exploiting environmental potential. However, women particularly in tourism still face many obstacles in terms of capital resources, transformation and information, as well as the knowledge and skills of managing local potential. Through the action research method, this activity attempted to investigate whether digital literacy-based information technology can be used as an empowerment model for women in tourist villages. The study showed that technology may be used by women in tourist villages to expose their culinary products. This action was community based and it was found that it could trigger a group of women to continue learning and adapting with the current trends of marketing. The technology used to increase women’s skills in tourist villages was through the introduction and examples of several social media applications that can be used for tourist attraction. It can be concluded that women should be encouraged to be digitally literate and able to access a wide range of learning resources.

Keywords: community-based education, digital literacy, empowerment
Trends in the development of technological education and advanced vocational training of students in the context of technological education
Authors: Sedov Sergei , Kashfrazyeva Gulnara 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to study the trends in the development of technological education and advanced vocational training of students in the context of technological education. Based on the retrospective analysis, the authors identified the most significant problems arising in the process of reforming technological education. The problems are as follows: problems related to determining the result of technological education; problems related to the content; problems related to the facilities; problems related to the human resource, which correlates with the survey of students studying to be teachers in the technological field, to determine the most important aspects of the organization of advanced professional training of schoolchildren. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific cognition methods, including analysis and synthesis (as a general methodological approach), comparison, generalization, and methods of systemic, complex, logical, structural, comparative, statistical analysis.

Keywords: advanced training, technological education; vocational education; technology; school education
Evaluasi Kejadian Efek Samping pada Pasien Rheumatoid Arthritis yang Menggunakan DMARDs di Rumah Sakit di Banjarmasin
Authors: Srikartika Valentina Meta , Anwar Khoerul , Amalia Amalia 
Published: February 2022

Rheumatoid Arthritis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis dengan pembengkakan, nyeri, dan kerusakan sendi. Obat yang digunakan pasien rheumatoid arthritis (RA) termasuk dalam Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drugs (DMARDs) yang dilaporkan menyebabkan berbagai efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kejadian efek samping dalam penggunaan DMARDs serta hubungan karakteristik pasien dan pola penggunaan DMARDs terhadap kejadian efek samping. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektive. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien RA yang memenuhi kriteria yang berobat rawat jalan di poli sub spesialis Rheumatology pada salah satu Rumah Sakit di Banjarmasin. Pasien RA yang mengalami efek samping pada penggunaan DMARDs berjumlah 45 pasien (80,36%). Efek samping yang terbanyak pada pasien RA ialah alopesia yaitu sebesar 26 kejadian (23,21%) serta yang terkecil ialah diare 6 kejadian (5,36%) dan retinopati sebesar 6 kejadian (5,36%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian alopesia (p-value = 0,004), jenis obat dengan kejadian diare (p-value = 0,003), dan lama pengobatan dengan kejadian ruam (p-value = 0,038). Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas pasien rawat jalan RA yang menggunakan DMARDs mengalami berbagai efek samping dan terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik dengan kejadian efek samping tertentu. Kata Kunci: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drugs (DMARDs), Efek samping, Karakteristik pasien, Alopesia, Diare, Retinopati Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory-disease characterized by joint’s swelling, pain, and damage. The drug used to treat patients with RA is categorised as Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drugs (DMARDs) that has been reported has various side-effects. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of side-effect DMARDs use and the relationship of patient characteristics and DMARDs use to the incidence of adverse events. This study used cross sectional study design with retrospective data collection. The population were all RA outpatients that met the criteria treated in the poly sub-specialist Rheumatology Hospital in Banjarmasin. RA patients experienced adverse events on the use of DMARDs were 45 patients (80,36%). Most adverse events in RA patients were alopecia 26 events (23,21%) and the smallest was diarrhea 6 events (5,36%) and retinopathy of 6 events (5,36%). There was significant relation between sex and alopecia occurrence (p-value = 0,004), drug type and diarrhea occurrence (p-value = 0,003), and duration of treatment and rash occurrence (p-value = 0,038). It can be concluded that the majority of RA outpatients who use DMARDs experienced various side-effects and there was significant relationship between patient characteristics and particular side-effects.
Robust Feature Selection by Filled Function and Fisher Score
Authors: Hamidzadeh Javad , kelidari Mahsa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Feature selection is essential in high-dimensional data analysis and filter algorithms, and due to their simplicity and fast speed, they have increasingly been drawing attention in recent years. Retaining all features in machine learning tasks is not only inefficient but the irrelevant and redundant features may have an adverse impact on the classification accuracy rate. Feature selection is an optimization problem which aims to transform the dataset’s high-dimensional space to a lower-dimensional space by utilizing the relevant and suited features. Feature selection is a time-consuming task, while it is very effective in saving the time devoted to the learning algorithm. In feature selection algorithms, filter algorithms are increasingly attractive due to their simplicity and fast speed. In this paper, we are going to introduce a supervised filter feature selection using filled function and fisher score (FFFS). Based on this criterion, we try to find a feature subset resulting in the least classification error rate. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, Extensive experiments have been conducted on 20 high-dimensional real-world datasets. Experimental results reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm to state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of minimum classification error rate. Results validated through statistical analysis indicated that the proposed algorithm is able to outperform the reference algorithms by minimizing the redundancy of the selected features. So, the selected feature subset can avoid serious negative impacts on the classification process in real-world datasets. In addition, this paper proves the ability of the proposed algorithm in selecting the most relevant features for classification tasks by applying different noise rates to the datasets. According to the experiments, the FFFS is less affected by noisy attributes in comparison with other algorithms. Thus, it is a reasonable solution in handling noise and avoiding serious negative impacts on the classification error rate in real-world datasets.
Segmentation and Classification of Retinal Fundus Images using Convolutional Neural Networks: A systematic review of methods and latest trends
Authors: Ilesanmi Ademola , Ilesanmi Taiwo , Idowu Oluwagbenga P. , Torigian Drew A. , Udupa Jayaram K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The retina fundus images are critical diagnostic tools for the early detection of ophthalmic problems. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of eye-related problems are important to prevent blindness or vision loss. Recently, CNN algorithms have become effective in tasks relating to recognition, delineation, and classification. Therefore we propose a review to summarize different CNN algorithms for segmenting and classifying retinal fundus images. This review systematically searches different repositories for methods that use CNN for the segmentation and classification of retinal fundus images. A thorough screening of abstracts and titles to ascertain their relevance was done. A total of fifty-two studies were included in our review, with content such as database usage, disadvantages, and advantages. A comparison of two accuracies was also carried out with a graph depicting database usage. Important insights, limitations, observations, and future directions were elucidated. Finally, findings suggest that CNN algorithms produce good accuracies despite their limitations.