bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variety of the drift pumice clasts from the 2021 Fukutoku‐Oka‐no‐Ba eruption, Japan
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Tamura Yoshihiko , Sato Tomoki , Hanyu Takeshi , Usui Yoichi , Chang Qing , Ono Shigeaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPumice rafts that arrived at the Nansei Islands, Japan, provided a unique opportunity to investigate the Fukutoku‐Oka‐no‐Ba (FOB) eruption of August 2021. Despite drifting for 2 months for ~1300 km, the drift pumice raft had a large volume and contained a variety of pumice clasts, some of which were deposited during a high tide in a typhoon, while others were washed up on a sandy beach. Most of the drift pumice clasts are gray in color, vesicular, and have a groundmass containing black enclaves. Rare black pumice and the main gray pumice components have similar trachytic compositions, with SiO2 = 61–62 mass% and total alkalis = 8.6–10 mass% (on an anhydrous basis). Both pumice types contain clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and rare olivine phenocrysts. Thin‐section observations show that the gray pumice has more elongated vesicles as compared with the black pumice that has spherical vesicles, even where the two types of pumice are in the same clast. The glass in the black pumice is transparent and brown in color, while that in the gray pumice is colorless. No micro or nano‐crystals were observed during electron and optical microscopy. Raman spectra of the brown‐colored glass exhibit a clear magnetite peak, suggesting magnetite nanolites cause the brown color. High‐Mg olivine in the black pumice has an equilibrium temperature of c. 1200 °C and a rim diffusion profile indicative of re‐equilibration with the surrounding melt over a period of hours to days. The textural relationships between the gray and black pumice suggest that the black pumice had become black and viscous before the two types of pumice mixed. Therefore, crystallization of magnetite nanolites and a corresponding increase in melt viscosity were important in the eruption preparation process, which then resulted in a large‐scale Plinian eruption.
Elimination of pyrochlore phase in high‐concentration Sm3+‐doped PMN‐PT piezoelectric ceramics by excessive MgO
Authors: Yang Yixiao , Sun Enwei , Xu Zhimin , Zheng Huashan , Yang Bin , Zhang Rui , Cao Wenwu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUndesirable pyrochlore phase often appears in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT)‐based ceramics with high rare‐earth ion (RE3+) doping concentration, which greatly limits their development. In this study, 0–5 mol% Sm3+‐doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐29PbTiO3 (PMN‐29PT:0‐5Sm) ceramics were first synthesized using traditional precursor method. In the X‐ray diffraction spectra and scanning electron microscope images of PMN‐29PT:3‐5Sm ceramics, the diffraction peaks of pyrochlore phase and pyrochlore grains with octahedral morphology were observed, respectively. The reason for the appearance of the pyrochlore phase is that Sm3+ doping causes the Nb‐rich regions. To eliminate the pyrochlore phase, PMN‐29PT:3‐5Sm ceramics were resynthesized by an improved precursor method in which an excess of 4 mol% MgO was added to the reactants before pre‐sintering. After adding an excess of 4 mol% MgO, the concentration ratio of Nb5+ and Mg2+ in the pyrochlore grains returned to the value in the perovskite grains, and the pyrochlore phase was transformed into the perovskite phase PMN. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and electromechanical properties were compared before and after eliminating the pyrochlore phase. The results show that the comprehensive performance of the ceramics is improved after eliminating the pyrochlore phase.
2021 international consensus statement on optical coherence tomography for basal cell carcinoma: image characteristics, terminology and educational needs
Authors: Fuchs C.S.K. , Ortner V.K. , Mogensen M. , Rossi A.M. , Pellacani G. , Welzel J. , Mosterd K. , Guitera P. , Nayahangan L.J. , Johnsson V.L. , Haedersdal M. , Tolsgaard M.G. ,   OCT‐BCC expert panel
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widespread use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging of keratinocyte carcinoma, we lack an expert consensus on the characteristic OCT features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), an internationally vetted set of OCT terms to describe various BCC subtypes, and an educational needs assessment.ObjectivesTo identify relevant BCC features in OCT images, propose terminology based on inputs from an expert panel and identify content for a BCC‐specific curriculum for OCT trainees.MethodsOver three rounds, we conducted a Delphi consensus study on BCC features and terminology between March and September 2020. In the first round, experts were asked to propose BCC subtypes discriminable by OCT, provide OCT image features for each proposed BCC subtypes and suggest content for a BCC‐specific OCT training curriculum. If agreement on a BCC‐OCT feature exceeded 67%, the feature was accepted and included in a final review. In the second round, experts had to re‐evaluate features with less than 67% agreement and rank the ten most relevant BCC OCT image features for superficial BCC, nodular BCC and infiltrative and morpheaphorm BCC subtypes. In the final round, experts received the OCT‐BCC consensus list for a final review, comments and confirmation.ResultsThe Delphi included six key opinion leaders and 22 experts. Consensus was found on terminology for three OCT BCC image features: (i) hyporeflective areas, (ii) hyperreflective areas and (iii) ovoid structures. Further, the participants ranked the ten most relevant image features for nodular, superficial, infiltrative and morpheaform BCC. The target group and the key components for a curriculum for OCT imaging of BCC have been defined.ConclusionWe have established a set of OCT image features for BCC and preferred terminology. A comprehensive curriculum based on the expert suggestions will help implement OCT imaging of BCC in clinical and research settings.
Comparative efficiency of carbohydrates on the biofilm‐forming ability of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Pathak Richa , Vergis Jess , Chouhan Garima , Kumar Manesh , Malik Satyaveer Singh , Barbuddhe Sukhadeo Baliram , Rawool Deepak Bhiwa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biofilm‐forming ability of microbes is often correlated with drug resistance; however, this association among enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains remains naïve. Moreover, the investigations exploring uptake and assimilation of sugars either qualitatively or quantitatively by the biofilm‐forming EAEC strains have not yet been documented. Hence, this study investigated the role of various categories of sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide) on the biofilm‐forming ability of three each of multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) as well as non‐MDR typical EAEC strains. The EAEC strains exhibited black colonies on congo red agar (CRA) with monosaccharides and disaccharides, whereas all the strains exhibited red colonies on CRA with the polysaccharide. Although significant (p < 0.001) biofilm‐forming ability was observed by all the EAEC strains in sugar‐dependent microtiter plate assay, color change from pink to orange and yellow was noticed in presence of monosaccharides and disaccharide, while absent in polysaccharides. Besides, significantly higher bacterial counts were observed in presence of monosaccharides and disaccharides (p < 0.01); however, such significant bacterial counts were not noticed with the polysaccharide. Further, the real‐time PCR data exhibited comparatively higher relative expression of biofilm‐associated fis gene among EAEC strains grown in presence of monosaccharides, followed by disaccharide and polysaccharide, respectively that concurred with the flow cytometry data. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the biofilm‐forming ability between MDR‐ and non‐MDR EAEC strains. This study illustrated the role of carbohydrates on the biofilm‐forming ability of EAEC and warranted utmost attention concerning the usage of carbohydrates in food processing industries, for its incorporation as functional food additives.
Specialized endoplasmic reticulum‐derived vesicles in plants: Functional diversity, evolution, and biotechnological exploitation
Authors: Li Xie , Li Xifeng , Fan Baofang , Zhu Cheng , Chen Zhixiang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTA central role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the synthesis, folding and quality control of secretory proteins. Secretory proteins usually exit the ER to enter the Golgi apparatus in coat protein complex II (COPII)‐coated vesicles before transport to different subcellular destinations. However, in plants there are specialized ER‐derived vesicles (ERDVs) that carry specific proteins but, unlike COPII vesicles, can exist as independent organelles or travel to the vacuole in a Golgi‐independent manner. These specialized ERDVs include protein bodies and precursor‐accumulating vesicles that accumulate storage proteins in the endosperm during seed development. Specialized ERDVs also include precursor protease vesicles that accumulate amino acid sequence KDEL‐tailed cysteine proteases and ER bodies in Brassicales plants that accumulate myrosinases that hydrolyzes glucosinolates. These functionally specialized ERDVs act not only as storage organelles but also as platforms for signal‐triggered processing, activation and deployment of specific proteins with important roles in plant growth, development and adaptive responses. Some specialized ERDVs have also been exploited to increase production of recombinant proteins and metabolites. Here we discuss our current understanding of the functional diversity, evolutionary mechanisms and biotechnological application of specialized ERDVs, which are associated with some of the highly remarkable characteristics important to plants.
Utility of a flexed neck sagittal magentic resonance imaging sequence for the assessment of cerebellomedullary cistern in dogs
Authors: Sivolapenko Dafni , Duncan Juliet , Eivers Caroline , Liuti Tiziana , Marioni‐Henry Katia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection from the cerebellomedullary cistern (CM) of dogs with congenital or acquired cerebellar herniation could lead to serious complications. It is anecdotally more challenging in large brachycephalic breeds possibly due to the increased distance between the skin and CM. The first objective of this study was to assess whether flexed‐neck sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences would assist in the decision‐making process of collecting CSF from the CM. The second objective was to examine the dimensions of the CM measured in extended and flexed views, and whether cranial index (CI), skull height and body weight correlated with the distance of the CM from the skin surface. Forty‐one dogs of various breeds were included in the study. Measurements were performed on T2‐weighted sagittal sequences acquired in extended and flexed‐neck positions, and transverse sequences acquired in an extended‐neck position. Mild cerebellar herniation was detected in 23/41 (56%) of the flexed‐neck views versus none in the extended views. The CM area was significantly larger in flexed‐neck views than in extended views (p < 0.05). In 29% of the cases (12/41), the trajectory of the needle intersected the cerebellar vermis. There was a positive correlation between the distance of the CM from the skin and body weight (p < 0.05) and skull height (p < 0.05), but not with the CI (p = 0.23). These findings suggest that a flexed‐neck sagittal MRI sequence helps with assessment of the size of the CM and degree of cerebellar herniation, and that skull height and body weight, but not cranial index, affect the distance of the CM from the skin surface.
The power of public choice in law and economics
Authors: Torgler Benno 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper I discuss how Law and Economics can benefit from incorporating some insights from Public Choice into their analyses. Within this argument, I examine the evolution of experimental methods by looking at laboratory, field, and natural experiments; and conducting a very simple scientometrics analysis on the relative frequency of experimental studies in journals such asPublic Choice, European Journal of Political Economy, Constitutional Political Economy, Journal of Law and Economics, andJournal of Law, Economics and Organizationcompared with top economics journals such asAmerican Economic Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Econometrica, orReview of Economic Studies. I also refer to the connectivity of Behavioral Law and Economics and Behavioral Public Choice. The paper then finishes with a discussion of a selected number of topics covering areas such as corruption, tax compliance, shitstorms/firestorms, constitutional choices, globalization, and international organizations; all of which present scientific challenges when applying pure Law and Economics approaches without also implementing a Public Choice analysis.
Effect of prior olaparib maintenance therapy for platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer on response to subsequent platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Nagao Shoji , Narita Moyu , Shibutani Takashi , Jimi Tomoatsu , Yano Hiroko , Kitai Miho , Shiozaki Takaya , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimSeveral years have passed since olaparib maintenance therapy was approved in patients with platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC). We speculated that the response to platinum‐based chemotherapy (PBC) would be impaired at the time of recurrence after olaparib maintenance therapy. We conducted a noninterventional retrospective study to clarify this clinical question in a single institution.MethodsWe included all patients with PSROC who received olaparib after second or later line of PBC between April 18, 2018, and August 31, 2021. We evaluated the effect of olaparib maintenance therapy on PBC after progression.ResultsWe identified 42 patients who received olaparib maintenance therapy after second or later line of PBC. Twenty‐four patients relapsed after olaparib maintenance therapy, and 17 patients received PBC again. Four of 17 patients (complete response 2, partial response 2) responded to the PBC. The median progression‐free survival was longer in patients with platinum‐free interval ≥12 months than platinum‐free interval of 6–12 months (9.7 vs 2.6 months, hazard ratio, 0.20: 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.90; p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn the patients with PSROC who experienced disease progression after olaparib maintenance therapy, especially in those with platinum‐free interval of 6–12 months, the response to subsequent PBC was extremely poor. The efficiency of re‐administration of PBC for PSROC patients with a short‐term recurrence after olaparib treatment may need to be reconsidered.
Health‐related quality of life and menstrual problems in adolescents
Authors: Pogodina Anna , Dolgikh Olga , Astakhova Tatyana , Klimkina Juliana , Khramova Elena , Rychkova Lyubov 
Published: February 2022

AimTo evaluate whether the health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) scores would be different for adolescents with menstrual problems as compared to those with normal menstruation after taking into account clinical, socio‐demographic and life‐style factors.MethodsThe Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 scale was used to assess HRQoL in 126 schoolgirls of 16 ± 0.4 years old. The adolescents completed semi‐structured questionnaires containing information on social and demographic characteristics, life‐style features and menstrual questionnaires that included the following: age of menstruation, menstrual cycle length, duration of production, the number of pads used per day, menstrual pain and drug administration to relieve dysmenorrhea. The menstrual problems were classified into three main groups: dysmenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Anthropometric measurements were performed by a physician. Medical history was obtained from school medical charts.ResultsNinety‐seven (77%) girls had menstrual problems. Dysmenorrhoea (n = 92, 73%) was the most frequent of these, followed by oligomenorrhoea (n = 13, 10.3%) and heavy menstrual bleeding (n = 6, 4.8%). Thirteen (10.3%) girls had combined disorders. A multivariate analysis adjusted for life‐style factors found an independent association of any menstrual problems, oligomenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea with low HRQoL scores in the emotional functioning domain. For adolescents with oligomenorrhoea, an association with low total scale scores was also shown but it did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThe prevalence of menstrual problems is high among schoolgirls. Medical professionals working with adolescents should know that girls with menstrual problems are highly likely to have a poor quality of life, especially those with oligomenorrhoea.
Method to detect and quantify colonization of anthracnose causal agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex in strawberry by real‐time PCR
Authors: Yang Jing , Duan Ke , Liu Ya , Song Lili , Gao Qing‐Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthracnose, a destructive disease in strawberry worldwide, is caused by the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum ssp.. To date, numerous studies focusing on its identification, pathogenicity and biological characteristics have been published. However, research on quantifying the colonization of this pathogen is still lacking, which is crucial to the study of anthracnose resistance. In this study, we developed a sensitive primer pair targeting the cutinase gene that is capable of distinguishing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) species complex, the main species causing strawberry anthracnose in China, including C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. aenigma and C. siamense, from other Colletotrichum species and typical fungal pathogens. On this basis, we established a quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) assay to accurately quantify pathogen amounts from both pure cultures and infected strawberries, with detection limits of 105–101 copies. Using this method, we characterized quantitative traits of C. fructicola colonization in strawberry leaves and discovered differences in pathogen populations at different positions. Moreover, monitoring of pathogen growth during infection showed a dynamic change in the amount of C. fructicola. Finally, a comparison of the absolute and relative quantification results further proved this method's validity. Therefore, we propose that this specific PCR method enables rapid detection and quantification of C. gloeosporioides species complex colonization in strawberry and will be a useful tool for anthracnose management and strawberry resistance studies.
Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations
Authors: Osdaghi Ebrahim , van der Wolf Jan M. , Abachi Hamid , Li Xiang , De Boer Solke H. , Ishimaru Carol A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) caused by the gram‐positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus is an important quarantine disease threatening the potato industry around the globe. Since its original description in 1906 in Germany, management of ring rot has been a major problem due to the seedborne nature (via seed tubers not true seeds) of the pathogen allowing the bacterium to be transmitted long distances via infected tubers.Disease symptomsOn growing potato plants: interveinal chlorosis on leaflets leading to necrotic areas and systemic wilt. On infected tubers: vascular tissues become yellowish brown with a cheesy texture due to bacterial colonization and decay.Host rangePotato is the main host of the pathogen, but natural infection also occurs on eggplant, tomato, and sugar beet.Taxonomic status of the pathogenClass: Actinobacteria; Order: Actinomycetales; Family: Microbacteriaceae; Genus: Clavibacter; Species: Clavibacter sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff 1914) Li et al. 2018.Synonyms (nonpreferred scientific names)Aplanobacter sepedonicus; Bacterium sepedonicum; Corynebacterium sepedonicum; Corynebacterium michiganense pv. sepedonicum; Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus.Microbiological propertiesGram‐positive, club‐shaped cells with creamy to yellowish‐cream colonies for which the optimal growth temperature is 20–23°C.DistributionAsia (China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, South Korea, Uzbekistan, the Asian part of Russia), Europe (Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, European part of Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine), and North America (Canada, Mexico, USA).Phytosanitary categorizationCORBSE: EPPO A2 list no. 51. EU; Annex designation I/A2.
Absence of tissue transglutaminase reduces amyloid‐beta pathology in APP23 mice
Authors: Wilhelmus Micha M. M. , Chouchane Osoul , Loos Maarten , Jongenelen Cornelis A. M. , Brevé John J. P. , Jonker Allert , Bol John G. J. M. , Smit August B. , Drukarch Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by amyloid‐beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Targeting Aβ aggregates is a major approach for AD therapies, although attempts have had little to no success so far. A novel treatment option is to focus on blocking the actual formation of Aβ multimers. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is abundantly expressed in the human brain and plays a key role in post‐translational modifications in Aβ resulting in covalently cross‐linked, stable and neurotoxic Aβ oligomers.In vivo absence of TG2 in the APP23 mouse model may provide evidence that TG2 plays a key role in development and/or progression of Aβ‐related pathology.MethodsHere, we compared the effects on Aβ pathology in the presence or absence of TG2 using 12‐month‐old wild type, APP23 and a crossbreed of the TG2−/− mouse model and APP23 mice (APP23/TG2−/−).ResultsUsing immunohistochemistry, we found that the number of Aβ deposits was significantly reduced in the absence of TG2 compared with age‐matched APP23 mice. To pinpoint possible TG2‐associated mechanisms involved in this observation, we analysed soluble brain Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and/or Aβ40/42 ratio, and mRNA levels of human APP and TG2 family members present in brain of the various mouse models. In addition, using immunohistochemistry, both beta‐pleated sheet formation in Aβ deposits and the presence of reactive astrocytes associated with Aβ deposits were analysed.ConclusionsWe found that absence of TG2 reduces the formation of Aβ pathology in the APP23 mouse model, suggesting that TG2 may be a suitable therapeutic target for reducing Aβ deposition in AD.