bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does predation risk affect spatial use in an introduced ungulate species? The case of a Mediterranean mouflon alpine colony
Authors: Tizzani Paolo , Bessone Mattia , Rossi Luca , Meneguz Pier Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPredation risk is known to affect the spatial use of prey species, imposing a trade-off between feeding requirements and predation avoidance. As a result, prey species can leave high-quality forage areas to use sub-optimal, but safer, habitat patches, defined as “refuge areas.” In this study, we describe changes in the spatial use of an introduced ungulate species, the Mediterranean mouflon Ovis aries musimon, following the recolonization (in 1996) of wolves Canis lupus into the Albergian Hunting Estate (Italian Western Alps). Since 1988, we monitored the mouflon population by spring counts from vantage points. We georeferenced all observations and recorded the size and structure of the spotted groups. Finally, we identified available refuges by selecting patches characterized by (i) the presence of rocks and (ii) high values of steepness and ruggedness. We found that mouflons significantly reduced the average distance from refuge areas over the years, with the yearly average distance from refuges being 56% lower after wolves recolonized the area (i.e., 93.8 ± 32.1 vs. 213.1 ± 40.9 m). The analysis of orographic parameters showed that mouflons used patches with higher values in elevation, slope, ruggedness, and a significant difference in all three parameters when comparing years pre and post wolf return. Both sexes were significantly affected, but ewes were particularly sensitive and selected patches closer to refuge areas (75.8 ± 30.3 m) than males (131.0 ± 53.6 m). Our results suggest that the presence of new predators can alter the distribution of an introduced species such as the Mediterranean mouflon, triggering the resurgence of anti-predation behavior.
Competitive interactions affect larval survival of two root-boring weed biological control candidates of Rumex spp
Authors: Klötzli Julie , Suter Matthias , Lüscher Andreas , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Schaffner Urs 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn weed biocontrol, the release of multiple candidates has been proposed as a way to increase herbivore load and thus impact on the target weed. However, the use of multiple herbivorous species may reduce overall herbivore load due to interspecific interactions. We assessed whether a combined application of two Pyropteron spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with root-boring larvae can increase larval infestation rate and impact on two Rumex weeds (Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae). In a laboratory assay (‘behavioural experiment’), interference competition was assessed by comparing the survival of a single larva (no competition), of four conspecific larvae (intraspecific competition) and of two larvae of each species (interspecific competition). In a common garden study (‘infestation and impact experiment’), the outcomes of competitive interactions were assessed on potted plants with single and mixed species applications of the two Pyropteron species using a replacement design. In the behavioural experiment, larval survival was similarly reduced under intra- and interspecific competition compared to no competition, suggesting strong interference competition among larvae independent of the Pyropteron species. In the infestation and impact experiment, mixed application did only scarcely increase herbivore load. Increased herbivore load was found to increase root decay when applied in an inundative approach by placing eggs directly on Rumex plants. However, a joint application of two Pyropteron species did not increase the impact. We propose that detailed behavioural and impact studies be conducted to assess the likely outcome of using multiple candidates in biocontrol programs to minimize associated risks with multiple species introductions.
Exploring association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and ocular aging
Authors: Rumelaitiene Ugne , Speckauskas Martynas , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Radisauskas Ricardas , Peto Tunde , Larsen Morten Bøgelund , Zaliūniene Dalia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Within a population-based follow-up study, to examine the 10-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), possible risk factors for PEX and its association with ocular aging of the cornea, lens and retina.

Methods
The baseline examination was conducted in 2006 on a random sample of 1,033 adult participants from Kaunas city (Lithuania) population of whom 631 had ophthalmic examination data at attendance of the 10-year follow-up in 2016. Detailed examination of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye was carried out. After diagnostic mydriasis PEX was diagnosed by the presence of typical grayish-white exfoliation material on the anterior capsule surface of the lens. The participants were divided to PEX and non-PEX groups.

Results
PEX prevalence increased from 9.8 to 34.2% from baseline to 10-year follow-up. Nuclear cataract was common both in the PEX group (66.7%) and in those without PEX (72.2%), but this difference did not reach statistically significantly increased risk of developing cataract in those with PEX (OR 1.2; p = 0.61). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was thinner in the PEX group (529 ± 34 μm) and in the oldest group (525 ± 36 μm) (p < 0.001). Compared to baseline, corneal curvature (CC) became flatter in both groups (7.6 ± 0.27 vs 7.7 ± 0.26 mm; p < 0.001) during the follow-up, but the difference did not reach significance between groups. Corneal astigmatism was most commonly with-the-rule in both groups (37 (50.0%) vs 148 (68.5%); p > 0.05). Age, sex and PEX had no influence on age-related macular degeneration distribution.

Conclusion
The prevalence of PEX increased significantly with age in our population, with those with PEX having thinner and flatter corneae, but no difference in cataract and age-related macular degeneration characteristics.
Pilot Study Examining Caregiver–Child and Family Functioning in PEERS® for Preschoolers
Authors: Factor Reina S. , Rea Hannah M. , Dahiya Angela V. , Laugeson Elizabeth A. , Scarpa Angela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in early childhood and often worsen. Research indicates including caregivers in social skills groups may increase generalization for child outcomes, while also benefiting caregivers by increasing their self-confidence in ability to coach their child. Further, there may be an impact on the entire family. This pilot study examined benefits to the caregiver–child relationship, caregiver self-efficacy, parenting style, and family functioning in an exploratory study of the PEERS® for Preschoolers (P4P) social skills program. The present pilot study aimed to examine the above variables with 15 children with ASD (11 boys; 66.7% white) without intellectual impairment in four groups, applying this novel intervention, informed by other PEERS® programs. Children ranged from 4 to 7 years (M = 4.87, SD = 1.25). Children and caregivers participated in groups twice weekly (i.e., 8 weeks, 16 sessions). Measures that captured specified variables were completed by caregivers as well as through an observational task. Results showed increases in parenting self-efficacy and positive caregiver–child interaction strategies, specifically in caregiver affect/animation and achievement orientation over intervention and at follow-up. Caregivers also noted improvements in overall parenting styles. Changes in family functioning were not indicated. This pilot intervention may positively impact both the child and caregiver, though more research is needed with larger samples that include a control group and apply conclusions to the larger population. Future research should address why changes to family functioning did not emerge and specific mechanisms that lead to positive caregiver-specific outcomes.
Quasi-static Decomposition and the Gibbs Factorial in Small Thermodynamic Systems
Authors: Sasa Shin-ichi , Hiura Ken , Nakagawa Naoko , Yoshida Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor a classical system consisting of N-interacting identical particles in contact with a heat bath, we define the free energy from thermodynamic relations in equilibrium statistical mechanics. Concretely, the temperature dependence of the free energy is determined from the Gibbs-Helmholtz relation, and its volume dependence is determined from the condition that the quasi-static work in a volume change is equal to the free energy change. Now, we argue the free energy difference in a quasi-static decomposition of small thermodynamic systems. We can then determine the N dependence of the free energy, which includes the Gibbs factorial N! in addition to the phase space integration of the Gibbs–Boltzmann factor.
Beyond intuitive know-how
Authors: Tsai Cheng-hung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to Dreyfusian anti-intellectualism, know-how or expertise cannot be explained in terms of know-that and its cognates but only in terms of intuition. Hubert Dreyfus and Stuart Dreyfus do not exclude know-that and its cognates in explaining skilled action. However, they think that know-that and its cognates (such as calculative deliberation and perspectival deliberation) only operate either below or above the level of expertise. In agreement with some critics of Dreyfus and Dreyfus, in this paper, I argue that know-that and its cognates are constitutive of rather than external to know-how and expertise. However, unlike those critics, who argue for this point only from a phenomenological point of view, my argument adopts a (telic) normative point of view.
Response of a grassland species to dry environmental conditions from water stable isotopic monitoring: no evident shift in root water uptake to wetter soil layers
Authors: Deseano Diaz Paulina Alejandra , van Dusschoten Dagmar , Kübert Angelika , Brüggemann Nicolas , Javaux Mathieu , Merz Steffen , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry , Dubbert Maren , Rothfuss Youri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
We aimed at assessing the influence of above- and below-ground environmental conditions over the performance of Centaurea jacea L., a drought-resistant grassland forb species.

Methods
Transpiration rate, CO2 assimilation rate, leaf water potential, instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency, temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content in one plant and root length density in four plants, all grown in custom-made columns, were monitored daily for 87 days in the lab. The soil water isotopic composition in eleven depths was recorded daily in a non-destructive manner. The isotopic composition of plant transpiration was inferred from gas chamber measurements. Vertical isotopic gradients in the soil column were created by adding labeled water. Daily root water uptake (RWU) profiles were computed using the multi-source mixing model Stable Isotope Analysis in R (Parnell et al. PLoS ONE 5(3):1–5, 2010).

Results
RWU occurred mainly in soil layer 0–15 cm, ranging from 79 to 44%, even when water was more easily available in deeper layers. In wet soil, the transpiration rate was driven mainly by vapor pressure deficit and light intensity. Once soil water content was less than 0.12 cm3 cm− 3, the computed canopy conductance declined, which restricted leaf gas exchange. Leaf water potential dropped steeply to around − 3 MPa after soil water content was below 0.10 cm3 cm− 3.

Conclusion
Our comprehensive data set contributes to a better understanding of the effects of drought on a grassland species and the limits of its acclimation in dry conditions.
Protonema induction, transient transformation, and protoplast regeneration in the peat moss Sphagnum papillosum
Authors: Lüth Volker M. , Kaltenbrunner Alena , Pascal Arnaud , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSphagnum mosses are important carbon sequesters and emerging model organisms. However, induction and long-term cultivation of thalloid protonema in several species was not achievable so far. Here, we provide protocols for a set of new tools relevant for Sphagnum molecular biology: a new way for Sphagnum protoplast isolation and regeneration, and a first protocol for transient protoplast transformation. Together, these protocols will support the emerging Sphagnum research community in basic and applied science.
Unterrichtsprogramm zur Förderung von Mental Health Literacy
Authors: Kirchhoff Sandra , Freţian Alexandra Maria , Schulenkorf Tessa , Bollweg Torsten Michael , Bauer Ullrich 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Bedeutung von Mental Health Literacy (MHL) junger Menschen für den Umgang mit psychischen Belastungen und Erkrankungen wird vermehrt betont und deren Stärkung in präventiven Maßnahmen anvisiert. Da in Deutschland kaum MHL-Programme existieren, wurde ein kanadisches, MHL-basiertes Unterrichtsprogramm adaptiert, eingesetzt und evaluiert. Zum Programm liegen international Wirksamkeitsnachweise vor (z. B. bzgl. Wissenszuwachs, Stigmaverringerung), jedoch keine Berichte, wie das Programm von der Zielgruppe angenommen wird. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Rezeption der Schüler:innen und prüft, ob sich das Programm für deutsche Schüler:innen eignet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es wird die Rezeption des Programms durch Schüler:innen dargestellt, um Akzeptanz, Eignung und Bedarfsangemessenheit zu erörtern.

Material und Methoden
Die deutsche Programmversion wurde in Bielefelder Schulen pilotiert und evaluiert. Über programmspezifische Fragen schätzten teilnehmende Schüler:innen das Programm ein.

Ergebnisse
Schüler:innen der 9 teilnehmenden Klassen bewerteten das Programm insgesamt, unterschiedliche Programmaspekte sowie die Relevanz für Schüler:innen gleichen Alters positiv. Auch die Auswertung offener Angaben bestätigt, dass das MHL-Programm an Bedarfe und Interessen zum Thema psychische Gesundheit anschließt und Schüler:innen der heterogenen Stichprobe erreicht hat.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich das adaptierte Programm für Schüler:innen an deutschen Schulen eignet. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um dies zu bestätigen. Neben Wirksamkeitsprüfungen sollten Programmevaluationen die Einschätzung der Zielgruppe integrieren, da diese Hinweise bzgl. Akzeptanz und Entwicklungspotenzial liefert.
Characterization and Comparison of Single VAR-Remelted and Double VAR-Remelted Ingots of INCOLOY ® Alloy 925
Authors: Ducoli A. , Mombelli D. , Gruttadauria A. , Febbrari A. , Barella S. , Mapelli C. , Veronesi C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alloy 925 is a nickel-based superalloy usually produced by Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), followed by Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) and Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR). It can undergo to one VAR remelting (EAF-AOD-VAR) or, if necessary due to process instabilities, two VAR remelting (EAF-AOD-VAR-VAR). The characterization of A925 ingots remelted one or two times after forging and aging was carried out to enhance differences. The VAR remelting rate of single- or double-remelted samples was correlated to metallurgical and mechanical properties. The microstructure observation revealed a higher quantity of MC, M23C6 and TiN precipitates (both inter- and intragranular) in single-remelted samples: the intergranular ones increase in quantity going from the ingot center position to the external one where cluster of titanium nitrides were detected. The higher presence of intergranular precipitates causes a high deterioration of impact toughness (71.1 ± 12.7 vs 90.5 ± 7.1 J) and lateral expansion (0.91 ± 0.18 vs 1.14 ± 0.07 mm). On the other hand, the number of remelting does not affect other tensile properties and hardness. Therefore, the different behavior of forged ingots at single and double remelting are not related to the number of remelting and remelting rate. On the other hand, the slightly lower toughness of single-remelted forged ingots can be corelated to defects derived from casting.
Parallel batching with multi-size jobs and incompatible job families
Authors: Druetto Alessandro , Pastore Erica , Rener Elena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParallel batch scheduling has many applications in the industrial sector, like in material and chemical treatments, mold manufacturing and so on. The number of jobs that can be processed on a machine mostly depends on the shape and size of the jobs and of the machine. This work investigates the problem of batching jobs with multiple sizes and multiple incompatible families. A flow formulation of the problem is exploited to solve it through two column generation-based heuristics. First, the column generation finds the optimal solution of the continuous relaxation, then two heuristics are proposed to move from the continuous to the integer solution of the problem: one is based on the price-and-branch heuristic, the other on a variable rounding procedure. Experiments with several combinations of parameters are provided to show the impact of the number of sizes and families on computation times and quality of solutions.
Computing Elements of Certain Form in Ideals to Prove Properties of Operators
Authors: Hofstadler Clemens , Raab Clemens G. , Regensburger Georg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProving statements about linear operators expressed in terms of identities often leads to finding elements of certain form in noncommutative polynomial ideals. We illustrate this by examples coming from actual operator statements and discuss relevant algorithmic methods for finding such polynomials based on noncommutative Gröbner bases. In particular, we present algorithms for computing the intersection of a two-sided ideal with a one-sided ideal as well as for computing homogeneous polynomials in two-sided ideals and monomials in one-sided ideals. All methods presented in this work are implemented in the Mathematica package .
Spatial and temporal scale of analysis alter conclusions about the effects of urbanisation on plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. , Ollerton Jeff 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBipartite networks of flowering plants and their visitors (potential pollinators) are increasingly being used in studies of the structure and function of these ecological interactions. Whilst they hold much promise in understanding the ecology of plant–pollinator networks and how this may be altered by environmental perturbations, like land-use change and invasive species, there is no consensus about the scale at which such networks should be constructed and analysed. Ecologists, however, have emphasised that many processes are scale dependent. Here, we compare network- and species-level properties of ecological networks analysed at the level of a site, pooling across sites within a given habitat for each month of surveys, and pooling across all sites and months to create a single network per habitat type. We additionally considered how these three scales of resolution influenced conclusions regarding differences between networks according to two contrasting habitat types (urban bushland remnants and residential gardens) and the influence of honey bee abundance on network properties. We found that most network properties varied markedly depending on the scale of analysis, as did the significance, or lack thereof, of habitat type and honey bee abundance on network properties. We caution against pooling across sites and months as this can create unrealistic links, invalidating conclusions on network structure. In conclusion, consideration of scale of analysis is also important when conducting and interpreting plant–pollinator networks.
Towards socially responsible public procurement
Authors: Caranta Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2014 procurement and concessions directives have clarified the possibilities that exist for referring to social considerations in public procurement (and socially responsible public procurement). Still, these rules fall, in the main, well short of being mandatory and instead leave wide margins to Member States and their contracting authorities which do not wish to consider social and human rights concerns when buying. Furthermore, concerns about ensuring the widest competition possible may limit reference to social considerations. Recently proposed reforms may however go a long way towards more sustainable production and procurement.
Soziale Arbeit in der stationären Palliativversorgung
Authors: Neupert Ingo 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungInnerhalb von multiprofessionellen Strukturen der Palliativversorgung in Krankenhäusern bedarf es eines professionellen Selbstverständnisses der Sozialen Arbeit. Der Artikel arbeitet relevante Anforderungen an professionelles Handeln von Fachkräften in diesem spezifischen Setting heraus.
Explaining gaps by parental education in children’s early language and social outcomes at age 3–4 years: evidence from harmonised data from three countries
Authors: Volodina Anna , Weinert Sabine , Washbrook Elizabeth , Waldfogel Jane , Kwon Sarah Jiyoon , Wang Yi , Perinetti Casoni Valentina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChild outcomes vary by family’s socioeconomic status (SES). Research on explanatory factors underlying early SES-related disparities has mainly focused on specific child outcomes (e.g., language skills) and selected influencing factors in single countries often with a focus on individual differences but not explicitly on early SES-related gaps. This study uses harmonised data from longitudinal large-scale studies conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, and Germany to examine parental education-related gaps in early child language and social skills. Twelve theoretically proposed family-, child-, and childcare-related factors were systematically evaluated as explanatory factors. In all countries, parental education-related gaps were particularly pronounced for early child language compared to social skills. In the decomposition analyses, the home learning environment was the only measure that significantly explained gaps in all child outcomes across all countries. Early centre-based care attendance, family income, and maternal age at childbirth contributed to gaps in child outcomes with the specific pattern of results varying across outcomes and countries. Maternal depressive feelings significantly contributed only to explaining gaps in children’s social skills. Thus, while some mechanisms found to underpin early parental education-related gaps can be generalized from single-country, single-domain studies, others are outcome- and context-specific.
Bi- and multi-objective location routing problems: classification and literature review
Authors: Tadaros M. , Migdalas A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe facility location problem and the vehicle routing problem are highly interdependent and critical parts of any efficient and cost-effective supply chain. The location of facilities heavily affects the design of distribution routes between the facilities and various demand nodes. Within locational analysis, the location-routing problem is a mathematical optimization problem that considers the underlying issues of vehicle routing and simultaneously optimizes the location of facilities and the design of distribution routes. Since, in real-life applications, it is common that decision-makers encounter more than one, often conflicting objectives, the problem can be stated in term of multi-objective optimization. This paper reviews 80 journal articles published in the field of bi- and multi-objective location-routing problems between 2014 and 2020. Included papers are classified based on several factors covering model assumptions and characteristics, objectives, solution approaches, and application area. For each application area, individual papers are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with remarks and suggestions for future research.