bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (Lasik) Versus Trans Epithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (T-Prk) In Astigmatic Patients
Authors: Qasim Mahar Safdar Ali , Sarwar Muhammad Suhail , Qasim Maher Mustansar Ali 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To compare the results of LASIK versus Trans Epithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (T-PRK) in correcting astigmatic refractive error.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Lahore Medicare Hospital from January to October 2018.
Methods: One hundred and twenty six eyes of 63 patients, age 18 to 35 years, either gender, presenting with astigmatism were enrolled in this study. Myopes with spherical equivalent (SE) ? -13.0 diopter sphere (DS), hyperopes with SE ? +5.0 DS and astigmatism ? 1.5 D with visual acuity better or equal to 0.3 LogMAR were included. Astigmatic eyes with < 1.5D and with any other ocular pathology were excluded. Refractive status was assessed by Canon Autorefractor and Heine Retinoscope. Average reading of both methods was taken. Patients were divided into two groups (31: LASIK; 32: trans-PRK) by spin of a coin method. Refractive surgery was done in both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Normality of quantitative data was checked by Shapiro Wilk test. Mann Whitney-U test was used for non-parametric data. P-value ? 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 25.83 ± 3.09 years. The difference in residual sphere, amount of cylinder, axis of cylinder and CCT (central corneal thickness) after surgery in two groups was insignificant. P values were as follows; for sphere p = 0.85, amount of cylinder p = 0.22, axis of cylinder P = 0.46 and CCT p = 0.07.
Conclusion: Both techniques are equally good in correcting astigmatism (p = 0.22). LASIK or T?PRK can be done alternatively in patients with astigmatism.
Key Words: LASIK, Trans epithelial PRK, Astigmatism.
Sutureless Manual Extracapsular Cataract Extraction with Club
Authors: Hussain Mahfooz , Khan Homaira Iqbal , Ali Tahir , Aftab Muhammad , Alam Adnan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cataract extraction through small pupil with the help of a specially designed instrument called club.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Euro eye clinic from January 2019 to December 2019.
Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with pupil diameter of <4mm after maximal pharmacological dilatation were recruited for study. Inclusion criteria was patients with less than 4mm pupil size after maximum pharmacological dilation. Patient with previous anterior segment surgery and small pupil with posterior synechea were excluded. The instrument (club) was originally designed for breaking posterior synechae. Sutureless Manual Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (SMECE), more commonly known as MSICS, was performed in all cases. After tunnel formation and capsulotomy, club was used to bring lens edge out in pupillary margin. Lens was then maneuvered into anterior chamber and expressed out.
Results: All 17 patients had successful SMECE. In one patient pupil was stretched before applying instrument. None of the patients had posterior capsular rupture or hyphaema.
Conclusion: This instrument designed in Center of Ophthalmic Instrument and Equipment Designing (COIED) is very useful, safe and cost effective. In Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) or SMECE, surgeons usually do keyhole iridotomy, mechanical stretching or multiple sphincterotomies for managing small pupil. With this new instrument, cataract extraction can be done without surgical trauma to the pupil, thus preserving pupil shape.
Key Words: Sutureless Manual Extra capsular Cataract Extraction (SMECE), Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS), Miosis.
A National Survey of Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis during Cataract Surgery in Pakistan: A 2020 Perspective
Authors: Scantling-Birch Yarrow , Naveed Hasan , Khan Hira , Sheikh Ijaz , Zia Rashid 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To assess national endophthalmitis prophylaxis practice patterns during phacoemulsification surgery in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye units registered with the British Pakistani Ophthalmic Society (BPOS) between September and November 2020.
Methods: A survey-based cross sectional study was conducted in Pakistan between September and November 2020. A proforma was designed using a survey client (Survey Monkey) and distributed to the eye units registered with the British Pakistani Ophthalmic Society (BPOS). The survey explored demographic factors, current antibiotic prophylaxis practice during cataract surgery and audit practice in Pakistan.
Results: A total of 339 respondents completed the survey. The survey was representative of ophthalmic surgeons working in the major provinces of Pakistan. A small majority of ophthalmic surgeons provided some form of routine antibiotic prophylaxis (n = 140, 53.8%). Povidone iodine 5% (PVP-I) solution on skin and in the conjunctival sac proved the most popular protocol (n = 163, 66.3%). This was followed by immediate postoperative topical antibiotics (n = 101, 41.1%). Intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis accounted for less than half of current antibiotic practice during cataract surgery in Pakistan (n=99, 40.3%). Most of the respondents did not conduct any audit regarding endophthalmitis (n = 119, 55.6%).
Conclusion: Our survey provides an up-to-date view on the state of antibiotic prophylaxis during cataract surgery in Pakistan and highlights several areas for improvement. This includes policy changes to increase adherence to gold standard antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines, improvement in transparency of surgical outcomes and to audit current postoperative outcomes.
Key Words: Acute postoperative endophthalmitis, Surgical wound infection, Antibiotic, Cataract, Pakistan.
Outcomes of Maximum Levator Resection in Severe Upper Eyelid Ptosis at a Tertiary Oculoplastic Service
Authors: Idris Mohammad , Yaqoob Hassan , Sabir Hadia , Faheem Hera , Jamshed Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcomes of maximum Levator resection in cases of severe upper eyelid ptosis at a tertiary oculoplastic service.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Reading Hospital, Medical Teaching Hospital, Peshawar January 2013 to December 2017.
Methods: One hundred and twenty three eyes of 107 patients, who underwent maximum levator resection for severe congenital ptosis were included. Patients with missing or incomplete notes, patients with previous ptosis surgery and ptosis other than congenital were excluded. Maximum levator resection of the muscle above the Whitnall ligament was performed under local/general anesthesia. All patients had a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 5 years followup. The postoperative complications were recorded and followed. Post operative followup was done at day one, week one and at four weekly intervals till the end of the study.
Results: Out of 123 eyes, satisfactory results (excellent or good) were obtained in 111 (90.1%) eyes. Majority of the patients (56.09%) were females. Mean Preoperative Levator function was 2.3 ± 1.1mm. Mean Preoperative MRD1 was ?0.1 ± 1.5 mm and mean postoperative MRD1 was 3.9 ± 01.0 mm. The commonest complication was over correction which occurred in 5 (4.06%) cases, under correction in 4 (3.25%), crease abnormality in 2 (1.62%) cases and entropion was seen in only one (0.81%) case. Success rate was 90.1% at 6 months to 5-years followup.
Key Words: Blepharoptosis; Levator resection; Levator function.
Comparison of Peri-lesional Triamcinolone Acetonide versus Incision and Curettage in the Treatment of Primary Chalazion
Authors: Imtiaz Hafiza Sadia , Jabran Aamna , Anam Amna , Ghous Wasim 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To compare the results of peri-lesional Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) with incision and curettage in the treatment of primary chalazia.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye department of District Head Quarter/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala, from June 2018 to May 2019.
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with primary chalazion, either gender and age between 10–30 years, were enrolled in this study. They were equally divided into two groups. In group A, incision and curettage was done. In group B, perilesional TA (40 mg/ml) was given. Followup was done at 5th day, 14th day, 1 month and 3 months. Lesion resolution or recurrence and complications were recorded. IOP monitoring was also carried out at each followup.
Results: Mean age was 18.0 ± 2.14 years with range of 10 – 30 years. There were 45.0% females and 55.0% males. No statistically significant difference was found in age, gender and complication rates between the two groups. Complete resolution was seen in 95.0% in group A and 88.3% cases in group B. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant regarding small and medium sized chalazia. In case of large chalazia, 23 out of 24 patients in group A and 19 out of 23 patients in group B showed complete resolution and the difference in success rate of two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.014).
Conclusion: Incision and curettage and perilesional TA injection are equally effective in treating small and medium primary chalazia. While for large chalazia, Incision and curettage offered superior results.
Key words: Chalazion, incision and curettage, triamcinolone Acetonide,
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Diabetic Retinopathy among Medical Students
Authors: Dareshani Shehla , Farooq Fiza , Ali Mir Amjad , Khan Nusrat Shah , Sultan Zaheer 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The study was conducted with the aim to decipher knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic retinopathy among MBBS students of a medical college.
Study Design: A cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Dow Medical College, from October 2019 to March 2020.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 3rd and 4th year medical students. A total of 133 students were questioned through specific questionnaire. After informed consent, demographic details were noted. Apart from source of information of students’ knowledge, set of 14 questions were asked. In the first 7 questions information of knowledge of diabetic retinopathy was addressed. Four questions were about attitude and 3 regarding practice towards diabetic retinopathy. Windows MS Excel was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Results: The mean of the overall KAP score for all students was 53.3 ± 1.2 (maximum, 70). Male students scored better in knowledge (24.8 vs 23.7) and attitude (17.3 vs 16.5). Students scored poor in identifying correct values of HbA1c and prevalence of diabetes in our country in the knowledge section. Students also lacked in identifying proper time of followup for screening of diabetic retinopathy. Many students thought uneducated people develop diabetic retinopathy earlier than educated.
Conclusion: Our study pointed out weakness in knowledge and practice of medical students regarding prevention and management of diabetic retinopathy. Proper training and teaching of students is required for improved management and counselling of diabetic retinopathy.
Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, Medical students
Outcomes of Trabeculectomy at a Newly Established Glaucoma Clinic in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Nasir Ali Hassan , Bano Mashal , Mahsood Yousaf Jamal 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the outcomes of trabeculectomy in patients with open angle glaucoma at a newly established glaucoma clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Study Design: Retrospective chart review.
Place and Duration of Study: Glaucoma Clinic, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from May 2018 to December 2019.
Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients of 18 years age or above and who underwent trabeculectomy for open angle glaucoma, with at least one follow-up visit were included. Data was collected for age, gender, type of glaucoma, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), number of pre-operative/post-operative topical anti-glaucoma medications, indication for trabeculectomy, preoperative comorbidities and postoperative complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The student’s paired t-test was used for comparative analysis of the same group. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 20 eyes of 20 patients were included in this study, 13 (65%) patients were males, and the mean age was 54.60 ± 18.22 years. There was a statistically significant change in mean IOP postoperatively (35.60 ± 13.28 versus 11.2 ± 6.1, P < 0.001) and number of antiglaucoma medication (2.95 ± 1.19 versus 0.4 ± 0.99, P < 0.001). While there was no significant change in best-corrected visual acuity (1.35 ± 0.88 versus 1.06 ± 0.72, p = 0.36).
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy performed at the newly established glaucoma clinic showed a significant reduction in Intraocular pressure without compromising the visual acuity of the study participants.
Key Words: Trabeculectomy; Open Angle Glaucoma; Intraocular pressure.
Outcome of Amniotic Membrane Transplant in Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects
Authors: Saleem Tiabbah , Bokhari Syeda Ayesha 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the outcome of amniotic membrane transplant in patients with ocular surface disease.
Study Design: Interventional Case series study.
Place and Duration of Study: Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust Eye Hospital, Korangi 2½, Karachi, from January, 2019 to July 2019.
Methods: Patients with an age range of 20 – 45 years, either gender and who had persistent corneal epithelial defects as a consequence of keratitis, chemical injuries, bullous keratopathy and Mooren’s ulcers were included. Informed consent was obtained. Preserved amniotic membrane was used in all patients and they were followed at 1 week, 1, 3 and finally at 6 months and results were evaluated in terms of stable, healed and pain-free cornea.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 37.94 ± 6.78 years. Majority of the patients (60.0%) were less than 40 years of age. Out of 58 patients, 45 (77.6%) were males and 13 (22.4%) were females. Mean duration of injury was 7.67 ± 2.28 weeks with majority of patients i.e. 62% were with less than 8 weeks of duration. Most common cause of persistent corneal epithelial defect was bacterial keratitis (17.2%) followed by vegetative trauma (13.8%). Successful surgical outcome as healed cornea was observed in 53 (91.4%) patients.
Conclusion: Amniotic membrane transplant is an effective treatment for persistent corneal epithelial defects unresponsive to standard medical treatment. This surgical technique is effective in terms of healing and resolving the inflammation and preserving the useful vision.
Key Words: Persistant corneal epithelial defect, Amniotic Membrane, Bullous keratopathy.
SURVEI PENILAIAN PSIKOMOTOR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENJAS DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA SISWA KELAS XMia SMAN 8 AMBON
Authors: Shela Anthonia Lekalaet  , Mieke Souisa  , Jacob Anaktototy  
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penilaian psikomotor terhadap Teknik servis forehand dan servis backhand dalam permainan bulutangkis pada siswa kelas XMia SMA Negeri 8 Ambon. jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan subyek dalam penelitianini yaitu guru PJOK di SMA Negeri 8 Ambon. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan sesuai dengan kharakteristik dari penelitian deskriptif, yaitu; (1) observasi, (2) wawancara, (3) dokumentasi, (4) triangulasi. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data maka peneliti menggunakan Teknik analisis data kualitatif model alir dari Milles dan Huberman (Prastowo, 2011).
Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini antara lain; (1) Penilaian psikomotor tiidak direncanakan dengan baik oleh subyek bahkan tidak direvisi, karena rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran daring di era pandemic covid-19, adalah RPP luring sebelum pandemic. (2) Hasil penilaian psikomotor tidak sesuai dengan rubrik dalam rencana pembelajaran, melainkan berisikan nilai-nilai peserta didik yang siap dimasukan dalam laporan pendidikan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, maka kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) Kegiatan proses penilaian psikomotor siswa terkait materi keterampilan servis backhand dan Keterampilan servis Forehand dalam permainan bulutangkis pada siswa kelas X-Mia telah dilaksanakan, namun tidak tertuang dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, khususnya pada bagian rubrik penilaian. (2) Rubrik penilaian yang digunakan untuk penilaian, dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang disiapkan oleh subyek bukanlah secara daring tetapi secara luring, meskipun proses pembelajaran berlangsung secara daring. (3) Hasil penilaian psikomotor dalam proses pembelajaran, tidak sesuai dengan procedure penilaian yang sesuai dengan rubrik penilaian psikomotor.
KESIAPAN KONDISI FISIK ATLET SELAM DRAGON WIRA YUDHA DALAM PERSIAPAN SELEKSI PORPROV KOTA KEDIRI 2021
Authors: Imam Sugeng  , Rendhitya Prima Putra  
Published: January 2022

Kondisi fisik sangat berperan dalam performa terbaik atlet menyelam (finswimming). Jika anda dalam kondisi fisik yang baik, anda dapat membantu atlet berlatih dan berpartisipasi dalam kompetisi. Oleh karena itu, atlet perlu mengetahui pentingnya kebugaran jasmani sebagai indikator pencapaian prestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesegaran jasmani (endurance) atlet selam Dragon Wira Yudha Kota Kediri menuju seleksi Porprov 2021. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Dalam studi semacam itu, tidak perlu mempertimbangkan hubungan antar variabel. Sampel untuk penelitian ini termasuk 11 atlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya tahan aerobik atlet putra dan putri Naga Wira Yudha peserta seleksi Porprov Kota Kediri dalam kategori sedang dan kapasitas VO2max yaitu level 8 shuttle 5 putra dan level 9 shuttle 6 untuk atlet wanita.
ANALISIS JUMLAH PASIEN MENGGUNAKAN EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING TERHADAP EFISIENSI RAWAT INAP BERDASARKAN GRAFIK BARBER JOHNSON
Authors: Sakti Aktarim  , Achi Rinaldi  , Syazali Muhamad 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model matematika terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung tingkat efisiensi rawat inap selama dua tahun kedepan menggunakan metode exponential smoothing dan memprediksi jumlah pasien selama dua tahun kedepan berdasarkan grafik Barber Johnson di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin. Penelitian ini menggunakan data pasien dari bulan Januari 2017 sampai bulan Agustus 2021 dan empat bulan data Sensus Harian Rumah Sakit (SHRI). Perhitungan jumlah pasien dua tahun kedepan dari bulan September 2021 sampai bulan Agustus 2023 menggunakan aplikasi Studio dengan metode exponential smoothing, sedangkan metode grafik Barber Johnson untuk menentukan titik efisiensi rawat inap menggunakan microsoft excel. Model matematika yang diperoleh dari analisis data adalah dengan hasil ramalan jumlah pasien menggunakan exponential smoothing selama dua tahun kedepan dengan rata-rata 466 pasien dan grafik Barber Johnson yang menentukan titik efisensi rawat inap per bulan. Nilai rata-rata tempat tidur terpakai selama dua tahun kedepan adalah 35,46%, maka selama dua tahun kedepan tingkat efisiensi rawat inap tidak efisien kerena nilai rata-rata keterpakaian tempat tidur selama dua tahun kedepan tidak mencapai 70%.
Edukasi Penerapan Gizi Seimbang dan Aman untuk Menjaga Daya Tahan Tubuh
Authors: Sa'pang Mertien , Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Harna Harna , Kusumaningtiar Devi Angelina , Pakpahan Elisabeth Lasmaida , Sawitri Titis Retno 
Published: January 2022

Peningkaan kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia terutama untuk wilayah Jabodetabek menjadi perhatian khusus untuk dilakukannya upaya pencegahan penularan COVID-19. Salah satunya adalah meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan konsumsi gizi seimbang dan aman. Seiring berkembangnya pandemi COVID-19, masyarakat semakin sulit untuk menjaga kualitas makanan terutama pada sektor rumah tangga, karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat terkait bahan pangan berkualitas, keamanan pangan dan juga keterbatasan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi cara penerapan gizi seimbang dan aman untuk keluarga. Rangkaian kegiatan abdimas ini berlangsung sejak bulan Juni 2021 dimulai dengan tahap persiapan yang meliputi kegiatan koordinasi dengan mitra hingga kegiatan utama. Kegiatan utama abdimas yaitu pemberian edukasi penerapan gizi seimbang dan aman secara tatap muka di Kantor Kecamatan Tanah Sareal pada tanggal 01 Oktober 2021. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah perwakilan PKK setiap kelurahan di Tanah Sareal sebanyak 26 orang. Kegiatan berlangsung dengan baik dan diharapkan dapat menambah pemahaman peserta terkait pedoman gizi seimbang dan keamanan pangan.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ICT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN KELAS V SD MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KREMBUNG PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Fiani Wulan Saputri`` Okta , Tirtoni Feri 
Published: January 2022

Penerapan penggunaan media pembelajaran ICT bertujuan untuk menggiring siswa agar berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam pembelajaran secara online sehingga diharapkan dari keaktifan tersebut dapat memberikan kesan belajar yang bermakna dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn siswa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain Pre-Eksperimental One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara online dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung yang berjumlah 25 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan tes berupa soal pilihan ganda dengan jumlah 20 soal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan sebanyak dua kali yaitu sebelum adanya perlakuan (Pretest) dan sesudah adanya perlakuan (Posttest). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan teknik uji N- Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 29,2 yaitu dari nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 55 dan nilai rata-rata posttest sebesar 84,2. Dari rata-rata kedua tes tersebut dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan uji N-Gain yang diperoleh skor sebesar 0,64. Berdasarkan kategorisasi uji N-Gain, skor 0,64 merupakan pengaruh kategorisasi sedang. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan Penggunaan media pembelajaran ICT berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn kelas V SD Muhammadiyah 1 Krembung.
PENGARUH PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS DAN MUTU PENDIDIK DALAM KEGIATAN MENGAJAR DI SDN BANJAR 1
Authors: Renna Apriliana  
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the application of learning planning at SDN Banjar 1. To find out the quality of teachers in the process of teaching activities. And to find out the effect of learning planning on improving the quality and quality of educators in teaching activities at SDN Banjar 1. The research population is all educators at SDN Banjar 1, totaling 50 people. The results of the study illustrate that the professionalism of teachers at SDN Banjar 1 in teaching is classified as very good, competent and has achieved learning objectives as expected and in accordance with what has been previously determined
Keywords: Teaching Quality, Elementary School Teachers, Learning Planning

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan perencanaan pembelajaran di SDN Banjar 1. Untuk mengetahu kualitas guru-guru dalam proses kegiatan mengajar. Dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perencanaan pembelajaran terhadap peningkatan kualitas dan mutu pendidik dalam kegiatan mengajar di SDN Banjar 1. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pendidik di SDN Banjar 1 yang berjumlah 50 orang. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa bahwa profesionalisme guru di SDN Banjar 1 dalam mengajar tergolong sangat baik, berkompeten dan telah mencapai tujuan pembelajaran sesuai harapan dan sesuai dengan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya.
Kata Kunci: Kualitas Mengajar, Guru SD, Perencanaan Pembelajaran