bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WIMP and FIMP dark matter in singlet-triplet fermionic model
Authors: Bélanger Geneviève , Choubey Sandhya , Godbole Rohini M. , Khan Sarif , Mitra Manimala , Roy Abhishek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present an extension of the SM involving three triplet fermions, one triplet scalar and one singlet fermion, which can explain both neutrino masses and dark matter. One triplet of fermions and the singlet are odd under a Z2 symmetry, thus the model features two possible dark matter candidates. The two remaining Z2-even triplet fermions can reproduce the neutrino masses and oscillation parameters consistent with observations. We consider the case where the singlet has feeble couplings while the triplet is weakly interacting and investigate the different possibilities for reproducing the observed dark matter relic density. This includes production of the triplet WIMP from freeze-out and from decay of the singlet as well as freeze-in production of the singlet from decay of particles that belong to the thermal bath or are thermally decoupled. While freeze-in production is usually dominated by decay processes, we also show cases where the annihilation of bath particles give substantial contribution to the final relic density. This occurs when the new scalars are below the TeV scale, thus in the reach of the LHC. The next-to-lightest odd particle can be long-lived and can alter the successful BBN predictions for the abundance of light elements, these constraints are relevant in both the scenarios where the singlet or the triplet are the long-lived particle. In the case where the triplet is the DM, the model is subject to constraints from ongoing direct, indirect and collider experiments. When the singlet is the DM, the triplet which is the next-to-lightest odd particle can be long-lived and can be probed at the proposed MATHUSLA detector. Finally we also address the detection prospects of triplet fermions and scalars at the LHC.
Emergent de Sitter cosmology near black hole horizon
Authors: Rasulian Ida M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose an effective model for an exponentially expanding universe in the brane-world scenario. The setup consists of a 5D black hole and a brane close to the black hole horizon. In case the brane acquires a specific configuration, which we deduce from stability arguments, the induced metric outside the black hole horizon on the brane becomes de Sitter in static coordinates. Studying the Einstein equations perturbatively we find the effective gravity on the brane at this level and derive the 4D gravitational constant. Considering a homogeneous and isotropic fluid in the corresponding FLRW coordinates we find that the bulk fluid density inside the brane, which has the same equation of state as the fluid on the brane, contributes to the energy density in the Friedmann equation and therefore in late time may be attributed to dark matter. Studying the stability of the setup we observe that the brane becomes stabilized, in the presence of matter on the brane, with a de Sitter length that is qualitatively of the order of Schwarzschild radius of the universe due to matter. We briefly discuss effects that can bound the de Sitter lifetime. In particular this model can provide a lifetime compatible with Trans-Planckian Censorship conjecture for the current de Sitter phase.
ATM phosphorylates PP2A subunit A resulting in nuclear export and spatiotemporal regulation of the DNA damage response
Authors: Sule Amrita , Golding Sarah E. , Ahmad Syed F. , Watson James , Ahmed Mostafa H. , Kellogg Glen E. , Bernas Tytus , Koebley Sean , Reed Jason C. , Povirk Lawrence F. , Valerie Kristoffer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine–threonine protein kinase and important regulator of the DNA damage response (DDR). One critical ATM target is the structural subunit A (PR65–S401) of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), known to regulate diverse cellular processes such as mitosis and cell growth as well as dephosphorylating many proteins during the recovery from the DDR. We generated mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing PR65-WT, -S401A (cannot be phosphorylated), and -S401D (phospho-mimetic) transgenes. Significantly, S401 mutants exhibited extensive chromosomal aberrations, impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and underwent increased mitotic catastrophe after radiation. Both S401A and the S401D cells showed impaired DSB repair (nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination repair) and exhibited delayed DNA damage recovery, which was reflected in reduced radiation survival. Furthermore, S401D cells displayed increased ERK and AKT signaling resulting in enhanced growth rate further underscoring the multiple roles ATM–PP2A signaling plays in regulating prosurvival responses. Time-lapse video and cellular localization experiments showed that PR65 was exported to the cytoplasm after radiation by CRM1, a nuclear export protein, in line with the very rapid pleiotropic effects observed. A putative nuclear export sequence (NES) close to S401 was identified and when mutated resulted in aberrant PR65 shuttling. Our study demonstrates that the phosphorylation of a single, critical PR65 amino acid (S401) by ATM fundamentally controls the DDR, and balances DSB repair quality, cell survival and growth by spatiotemporal PR65 nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling mediated by the nuclear export receptor CRM1.
Changes in the moisture contribution over global arid regions
Authors: Wang Chenghai , Li Jiamin , Zhang Feimin , Yang Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArid regions have deficient precipitation, understanding the sources and transportation of moisture for precipitation are crucial. This study examined the major moisture contributions for global six arid regions, which are classified as inland arid region (China-Mongolia) and coastal arid regions (North Africa, West Asia, West United States, South Africa, South Africa and Australia). Results indicated that, the moisture for precipitation in coastal arid regions originates mostly from the ocean, which is influenced by the general circulation, particularly by the sinking branch of the Hadley cell. For inland arid region (China–Mongolia), the surrounding mountains supply more than 150 mm of moisture in wet months due to the ablation of glacial and snow melting. In arid regions, the moisture for precipitation is mostly contributed by advection of large-scale circulation, while the contribution of local moisture recycling is secondary. The moisture available for precipitation in wet and dry months depends on the general circulation. Moisture transportation in wet months is 10 times more than that in dry months, and the moisture sources differ greatly in wet and dry months. In both wet and dry months, the external moisture transported into arid regions has significantly decreasing trend during the period 1990–2019. The decreasing trend of precipitation recycling ratio in arid regions are greater than that in the globe. The decreased precipitation and moisture in arid regions suggest a potential drying trend.
Effect of time of diagnosis to surgery on outcome, including long-term neurodevelopmental outcome, in necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Duric Bea , Gray Cecilia , Alexander Allen , Naik Shivani , Haffenden Verity , Yardley Iain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA systematic review of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was carried out to determine if time from diagnosis to surgery affects outcomes in necrotising enterocolitis. The study was registered on the PROSPERO website. Studies reporting both time to surgery and at least one clinical outcome measure in infants undergoing surgery for NEC were included. The initial search returned 1121 articles. After removing duplicates, title, and abstract screening, 49 remained for full-text review. Of these, only two reported both timing of surgery for NEC and at least one clinical outcome. The total number of neonates included was 202. Outcomes reported were death and/or parenteral nutrition use 28 days post surgery in one study and white matter brain injury in the other. No statistically significant association was found between any of the outcomes reported and timing of surgery. There were, however, significant differences associated with non-modifiable risk factors, such as age and gestation, at presentation. However, very few studies report this as a variable. Given the continuing poor outcomes and heterogeneous nature of NEC and its treatments, further large-scale prospective studies are required to examine the impact of timing of surgery, alongside other, potentially modifiable factors on outcome in NEC.
Maternal anxiety forecasts shorter prolongation of pregnancies complicated by early-onset preeclampsia
Authors: van Esch Joris J. A. , Bolte Antoinette C. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Vandenbussche Frank P. H. A. , de Weerth Carolina , Beijers Roseriet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In early-onset preeclampsia, each additional day of pregnancy prolongation reduces offspring infant mortality about 9%. We evaluated if maternal stress at admission to hospital for early-onset preeclampsia predicted admission-to-delivery intervals in days.

Methods
This prospective, longitudinal cohort-study involved 15 singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of preeclampsia before 34 weeks gestation with intended expectant management. Upon hospital admission, maternal psychological stress was assessed with questionnaires and physiological stress with hair cortisol. Hair samples were analyzed in three hair segments representing the preconception period, and the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

Results
Mean pregnancy prolongation was 16.2 days. Higher maternal anxiety at hospital admission significantly correlated with shorter admission-to-delivery intervals (r = − 0.54, p = 0.04). Chronically increased hair cortisol concentrations (i.e. from preconception through the second trimester) of pregnancy tended to be related to shorter admission-to-delivery intervals (p <. 10).

Conclusion
Higher reported anxiety is, and chronically high hair cortisol tended to be, related with fewer days of prolongation from admission to delivery in women with early-onset preeclampsia. These findings suggest that maternal stress might be a potential determinant of disease progression. Future research into early innovative stress-reducing interventions for early-onset preeclampsia may shed more light on the etiology and treatment of this disease.
Present and future of the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Preziosa Paolo , Arnold Douglas L. , Barkhof Frederik , Harrison Daniel M. , Maggi Pietro , Mainero Caterina , Montalban Xavier , Sechi Elia , Weinshenker Brian G. , Rocca Maria A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved considerably. The 2017 McDonald criteria show high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting a second clinical attack in patients with a typical clinically isolated syndrome and allow an earlier diagnosis of MS. They have been validated, are evidence-based, simplify the clinical use of MRI criteria and improve MS patients’ management. However, to limit the risk of misdiagnosis, they should be applied by expert clinicians only after the careful exclusion of alternative diagnoses. Recently, new MRI markers have been proposed to improve diagnostic specificity for MS and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis. The central vein sign and chronic active lesions (i.e., paramagnetic rim lesions) may increase the specificity of MS diagnostic criteria, but further effort is necessary to validate and standardize their assessment before implementing them in the clinical setting. The feasibility of subpial demyelination assessment and the clinical relevance of leptomeningeal enhancement evaluation in the diagnostic work-up of MS appear more limited. Artificial intelligence tools may capture MRI attributes that are beyond the human perception, and, in the future, artificial intelligence may complement human assessment to further ameliorate the diagnostic work-up and patients’ classification. However, guidelines that ensure reliability, interpretability, and validity of findings obtained from artificial intelligence approaches are still needed to implement them in the clinical scenario. This review provides a summary of the most recent updates regarding the application of MRI for the diagnosis of MS.
Honeybees affect floral microbiome composition in a central food source for wild pollinators in boreal ecosystems
Authors: Hietaranta Elsi , Juottonen Heli , Kytöviita Minna-Maarit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBasic knowledge on dispersal of microbes in pollinator networks is essential for plant, insect, and microbial ecology. Thorough understanding of the ecological consequences of honeybee farming on these complex plant–pollinator–microbe interactions is a prerequisite for sustainable honeybee keeping. Most research on plant–pollinator–microbe interactions have focused on temperate agricultural systems. Therefore, information on a wild plant that is a seasonal bottleneck for pollinators in cold climate such asSalix phylicifoliais of specific importance. We investigated how floral visitation by insects influences the community structure of bacteria and fungi inSalix phylicifoliainflorescences under natural conditions. Insect visitors were experimentally excluded with net bags. We analyzed the microbiome and measured pollen removal in open and bagged inflorescences in sites where honeybees were foraging and in sites without honeybees. Site and plant individual explained most of the variation in floral microbial communities. Insect visitation and honeybees had a smaller but significant effect on the community composition of microbes. Honeybees had a specific effect on the inflorescence microbiome and, e.g., increased the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the bacterial order Lactobacillales. Site had a significant effect on the amount of pollen removed from inflorescences but this was not due to honeybees. Insect visitors increased bacterial and especially fungal OTU richness in the inflorescences. Pollinator visits explained 38% variation in fungal richness, but only 10% in bacterial richness. Our work shows that honeybee farming affects the floral microbiome in a wild plant in rural boreal ecosystems.
The Complexity of Two Colouring Games
Authors: Andres Stephan Dominique , Dross François , Huggan Melissa A. , Mc Inerney Fionn , Nowakowski Richard J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider two variants of orthogonal colouring games on graphs. In these games, two players alternate colouring uncoloured vertices (from a choice of $$m\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

m
∈
N

colours) of a pair of isomorphic graphs while respecting the properness and the orthogonality of the partial colourings. In the normal play variant, the first player unable to move loses. In the scoring variant, each player aims to maximise their score, which is the number of coloured vertices in their copy of the graph. We prove that, given an instance with partial colourings, both the normal play and the scoring variant of the game are PSPACE-complete. An involution $$\sigma $$
σ
of a graph G is strictly matched if its fixed point set induces a clique and $$v\sigma (v)\in E(G)$$

v
σ
(
v
)
∈
E
(
G
)

for any non-fixed point $$v\in V(G)$$

v
∈
V
(
G
)

. Andres et al. (Theor Comput Sci 795:312–325, 2019) gave a solution of the normal play variant played on graphs that admit a strictly matched involution. We prove that recognising graphs that admit a strictly matched involution is NP-complete.
Retrospektive Auswertung elektronisch erhobener Patientenfragebögen einer universitären Schmerzambulanz mit dem painDETECT®-Fragebogen
Authors: Foadi N. , Winkelmann I. , Rhein M. , Karst M. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Psychometrische Tests können wichtige Hinweise für Diagnostik und Verlauf bei chronischen Schmerzpatienten geben. Zwischen 2008 und 2018 wurde in der Schmerzambulanz der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) das elektronische System painDETECT® eingesetzt. Die vorliegende retrospektive Arbeit verfolgte das Ziel, die mittels painDETECT® erfassten Daten zur Schmerzsymptomatik und die in Anspruch genommenen Therapieverfahren der in einem Zeitraum von 15 Monaten untersuchten Patientenkohorte zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine statistische Analyse der erfassten schmerzbezogenen Parameter zum Zeitpunkt des Studieneinschlusses sowie im Therapieverlauf unter Einbeziehung der Ambulanzakten.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten Baseline-Daten von 459 Patienten (66 % Frauen) ausgewertet werden. Die häufigsten Krankheitsbilder waren Schmerzen im Bereich der Wirbelsäule, Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerzen und somatoforme Störungen bei meist langjähriger Vortherapie. Ca. 40 % zeigten Hinweise für neuropathische Schmerzkomponenten oder zentrale Sensibilisierung. Bei einer durchschnittlichen Schmerzintensität von VAS 6 (0–10) lag ein überwiegend hoher Chronifizierungsgrad vor. Ca. ein Drittel zeigte eine hochgradige schmerzbedingte Funktionseinschränkung. Etwas mehr als die Hälfte zeigte Hinweise auf eine klinisch relevante Depression. Ca. 80 % wiesen klinisch relevante Schlafstörungen auf. Daten zur Verlaufsbeobachtung lagen für 145 Patienten (31,6 %) vor. Der Anteil der Patienten, die eine nichtmedikamentöse Therapieform erhielten, erhöhte sich im Beobachtungszeitraum um 44,1 % (Physiotherapie) bzw. um 24,1 % (Psychotherapieverfahren). Die Verwendung von Koanalgetika stieg im Verlauf um ca. 30 %.

Diskussion
Im ambulanten Setting kann bei hochgradig chronifizierten Schmerzpatienten eine Therapieerweiterung gelingen. Enge strukturelle Vernetzungen mit den Kliniken für Rehabilitationsmedizin und für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der MHH können hierfür eine günstige Voraussetzung sein.
Strengthening climate research capacity in Africa: lessons from the ‘Climate impact research capacity leadership enhancement’ project
Authors: Ogega Obed M. , Lakey George , Opisa Rowland , Gyampoh Benjamin Apraku 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate Change research plays a pivotal role in Africa’s sustainable development by providing the required scientific evidence to inform the design of Africa’s development priorities. The need for enhanced climate research is heightened by the fact that Africa is one of the regions likely to be most affected by the impacts of global warming and climate change. This paper highlights some key lessons learnt from the provision of climate research support in Africa under the Climate Impact Research Capacity Leadership Enhancement (CIRCLE) project implemented by the African Academy of Sciences and the Association of Commonwealth Universities in partnership with the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office, Vitae, and the University of Greenwich’s Natural Resources Institute. The paper discusses the early-career research support landscape in Africa, the place of institutional strengthening in climate research programming, and the need for a well-coordinated community and public engagement in the climate research projects. Lessons from the CIRCLE programme provide useful insights for future climate research programme design and early-career research support initiatives in Africa.
Characterization of an advanced viable bone allograft with preserved native bone-forming cells
Authors: Gianulis Elena , Wetzell Bradley , Scheunemann Danielle , Gazzolo Patrick , Sohoni Payal , Moore Mark A. , Chen Jingsong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBone grafts are widely used to successfully restore structure and function to patients with a broad range of musculoskeletal ailments and bone defects. Autogenous bone grafts are historically preferred because they theoretically contain the three essential components of bone healing (ie, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and osteogenicity), but they have inherent limitations. Allograft bone derived from deceased human donors is one alternative that is also capable of providing both an osteoconductive scaffold and osteoinductive potential but, until recently, lacked the osteogenic component of bone healing. Relatively new, cellular bone allografts (CBAs) were designed to address this need by preserving viable cells. Although most commercially-available CBAs feature mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteogenic differentiation is time-consuming and complex. A more advanced graft, a viable bone allograft (VBA), was thus developed to preserve lineage-committed bone-forming cells, which may be more suitable than MSCs to promote bone fusion. The purpose of this paper was to present the results of preclinical research characterizing VBA. Through a comprehensive series of in vitro and in vivo assays, the present results demonstrate that VBA in its final form is capable of providing all three essential bone remodeling properties and contains viable lineage-committed bone-forming cells, which do not elicit an immune response. The results are discussed in the context of clinical evidence published to date that further supports VBA as a potential alternative to autograft without the associated drawbacks.
Vergleichende Analysen der Sicherheit neuer Medikamente in Beobachtungskohorten: Wie berücksichtigt man die Veränderung von Risiken im Zeitverlauf?
Authors: Schäfer Martin , Meissner Yvette , Huschek Doreen , Zink Angela , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Seit rund 20 Jahren werden in der Rheumatologie langfristig angelegte prospektive Beobachtungskohorten („Register“) geführt, die das Sicherheits- und Wirksamkeitsprofil aller innovativen Therapien vergleichend analysieren. Anders als in randomisierten klinischen Studien werden Patient:innen in der täglichen Praxis nicht nach dem Zufallsprinzip behandelt, sondern entsprechend ihrem klinischen Bedarf. Beim Vergleich von Therapiegruppen muss daher systematischen Unterschieden Rechnung getragen werden. Am Beispiel des in der Rheumatologie etablierten „RABBIT-Risikoscores für schwerwiegende Infektionen“ (entwickelt im Register RABBIT – „Rheumatoide Arthritis: Beobachtung der Biologikatherapie“) werden Methoden hierfür diskutiert.

Material und Methoden
Mit Hilfe von Propensity-Score (PS)-Methoden wurden die Patient:innen in den zu vergleichenden Gruppen so gewichtet, dass ihre Risikofaktoren zum entsprechenden Zeitpunkt balanciert waren. Diese Gewichtung wurde nicht nur zu Beobachtungsbeginn angewandt, sondern für jeden 6‑Monats-Zeitraum der Beobachtung, um die sich im Zeitverlauf verändernden Risiken sowohl auf individueller als auch auf Kohortenebene zu berücksichtigen.

Ergebnisse
Nach Beginn einer Biologikatherapie wird im Vergleich zur Standardtherapie ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko beobachtet, das aber im Zeitverlauf rasch abnimmt. Eine umfängliche Adjustierung in einem Poisson-Regressionsmodell kann den zeitlichen Trend erklären: Etwa ein Drittel des Rückgangs des Infektionsrisikos ist auf die unter der Therapie sinkende Krankheitsaktivität zurückzuführen, zwei Drittel begründen sich durch Kohorteneffekte wie Therapiewechsel oder Drop-out.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei Anwendung geeigneter Methoden kann in Beobachtungsdaten nicht nur für Unterschiede zu Baseline, sondern auch für Veränderungen von Risiken im Zeitverlauf adjustiert werden. Damit sind Kausalschlüsse möglich, die für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung relevant sind.