bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate Research and the Public Humanities
Authors: Smith Jamie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article proposes that an unexplored avenue of pedagogy in undergraduate research lies in courses that merge English and the public humanities. These disciplines often have shared goals, including increased interest in the humanities and engagement with local communities, greater accessibility to scholarly materials, more research opportunities for and fewer burdens on instructors, and more frequent occasions for scholars at all levels to participate in knowledge making. Examining a course titled Writing About Public Problems, this article argues that undergraduates are capable of undertaking theoretical, creative, and practical writing and research when paired with empirical data collection on public stakeholders. Additionally, performance theory can facilitate experiential learning and a greater connection in undergraduate public humanities work between academics and the publics with which they seek to communicate.
An Enterprising Take on Undergraduate Research in English
Authors: Adams Heather Brook , Harrison Abigail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article profiles a University of North Carolina Greensboro undergraduate research digital humanities opportunity. The authors explain how their faculty-student-library team met challenges of generating a digital exhibit while overcoming typical resource constraints. They articulate three sites of applied knowledge the student gained from this research and detail the project design and efforts to call attention to invisible undergraduate research (UR). Such visibility facilitates additional course-based research opportunities and helps institutional stakeholders imagine further enterprising opportunities for UR despite time and material constraints.
Conducting Consequential Research
Authors: Fishman Jenn , Hovland Katherine , Leonhard Ali , Randhawa Sunaina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the value undergraduate research adds to writing centers in their role as anchor institutions within English and across college and university campuses. It focuses on a pilot project conducted by a team of mentored peer tutors who researched the accessibility of writing at Marquette University. Their successes and failures show how, beyond research findings, undergraduate research experience can be consequential for practitioners and their communities.
Isoform-dependent lysosomal degradation and internalization of apolipoprotein E requires autophagy proteins
Authors: Fote Gianna M. , Geller Nicolette R. , Efstathiou Nikolaos E. , Hendricks Nathan , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Reidling Jack C. , Thompson Leslie M. , Steffan Joan S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The human apolipoprotein E4 isoform (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and lysosomal dysfunction has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. We found, by examining cells stably expressing each APOE isoform, that APOE4 increases lysosomal trafficking, accumulates in enlarged lysosomes and late endosomes, alters autophagic flux and the abundance of autophagy proteins and lipid droplets, and alters the proteomic contents of lysosomes following internalization. We investigated APOE-related lysosomal trafficking further in cell culture, and found that APOE from the post-Golgi compartment is degraded through autophagy. We found that this autophagic process requires the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2 in immortalized neuron-like and hepatic cells, and in mouse brain tissue. Several macroautophagy-associated proteins were also required for autophagic degradation and internalization of APOE in hepatic cells. The dysregulated autophagic flux and lysosomal trafficking of APOE4 that we observed suggest a possible novel mechanism that might contribute to AD pathogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Towards understanding the neural origins of hibernation
Authors: Junkins Madeleine S. , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N. , Gracheva Elena O. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Hibernators thrive under harsh environmental conditions instead of initiating canonical behavioral and physiological responses to promote survival. Although the physiological changes that occur during hibernation have been comprehensively researched, the role of the nervous system in this process remains relatively underexplored. In this Review, we adopt the perspective that the nervous system plays an active, essential role in facilitating and supporting hibernation. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that the hypothalamus enters a quiescent state in which powerful drives to thermoregulate, eat and drink are suppressed. Similarly, cardiovascular and pulmonary reflexes originating in the brainstem are altered to permit the profoundly slow heart and breathing rates observed during torpor. The mechanisms underlying these changes to the hypothalamus and brainstem are not currently known, but several neuromodulatory systems have been implicated in the induction and maintenance of hibernation. The intersection of these findings with modern neuroscience approaches, such as optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging, has opened several exciting avenues for hibernation research.
Immunohistochemistry localises myosin-7a to cochlear efferent boutons
Authors: Sirko Piotr , Kozlov Andrei S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Myosin 7a is an actin-binding motor protein involved in the formation of hair-cell stereocilia both in the cochlea and in the vestibular system. Mutations in myosin 7a are linked to congenital hearing loss and are present in 50% of Type-1 Usher syndrome patients who suffer from progressive hearing loss and vestibular system dysfunction. Methods: Myosin 7a is often used to visualise sensory hair cells due to its well characterised and localised expression profile. We thus conducted myosin-7a immunostaining across all three turns of the adult rat organ of Corti to visualise hair cells. Results: As expected, we observed myosin 7a staining in both inner and outer hair cells. Unexpectedly, we also observed strong myosin 7a staining in the medial olivocochlear efferent synaptic boutons contacting the outer hair cells. Efferent bouton myosin-7a staining was present across all three turns of the cochlea. We verified this localisation by co-staining with a known efferent bouton marker, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Conclusions: In addition to its role in stereocilia formation and maintenance, myosin 7a or certain myosin-7a expression variants might play a role in efferent synaptic transmission in the cochlea and thus ultimately influence cochlear gain regulation. Our immunohistochemistry results should be validated with other methods to confirm these serendipitous findings.
A Criterion Space Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Mixed Integer Bilinear Maximum Multiplicative Programs
Authors: Mahmoodian Vahid , Dayarian Iman , Ghasemi Saghand Payman , Zhang Yu , Charkhgard Hadi 
Published: January 2022

This study introduces a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve mixed-integer bilinear maximum multiplicative programs (MIBL-MMPs). This class of optimization problems arises in many applications, such as finding a Nash bargaining solution (Nash social welfare optimization), capacity allocation markets, reliability optimization, etc. The proposed algorithm applies multiobjective optimization principles to solve MIBL-MMPs exploiting a special characteristic in these problems. That is, taking each multiplicative term in the objective function as a dummy objective function, the projection of an optimal solution of MIBL-MMPs is a nondominated point in the space of dummy objectives. Moreover, several enhancements are applied and adjusted to tighten the bounds and improve the performance of the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is investigated by 400 randomly generated sample instances of MIBL-MMPs. The obtained result is compared against the outputs of the mixed-integer second order cone programming (SOCP) solver in CPLEX and a state-of-the-art algorithm in the literature for this problem. Our analysis on this comparison shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the fastest existing method, that is, the SOCP solver, by a factor of 6.54 on average. Summary of Contribution: The scope of this paper is defined over a class of mixed-integer programs, the so-called mixed-integer bilinear maximum multiplicative programs (MIBL-MMPs). The importance of MIBL-MMPs is highlighted by the fact that they are encountered in applications, such as Nash bargaining, capacity allocation markets, reliability optimization, etc. The mission of the paper is to introduce a novel and effective criterion space branch-and-cut algorithm to solve MIBL-MMPs by solving a finite number of single-objective mixed-integer linear programs. Starting with an initial set of primal and dual bounds, our proposed approach explores the efficient set of the multiobjective problem counterpart of the MIBL-MMP through a criterion space–based branch-and-cut paradigm and iteratively improves the bounds using a branch-and-bound scheme. The bounds are obtained using novel operations developed based on Chebyshev distance and piecewise McCormick envelopes. An extensive computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Grouping design method dependence on an illumination system and large off-axis distance for an anamorphic extreme ultraviolet lithography objective
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Yanqiu , Liu Lihui , Liu Ke 
Published: January 2022

High-numerical-aperture (NA) anamorphic extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the next-generation technology to achieve a 3 nm node and below. Current EUVL anamorphic projection objectives in publications are designed with small off-axis distance of the field of view (FOV). Further, the ray path of the illumination system will be obscured by the last mirror of the objective. In fact, as the NA increases, the diameter of the last mirror of the objective becomes larger. Thus, the off-axis distance of the FOV should be larger to ensure that the ray path of the illumination system is not obscured by the objective. It is well known that the design of an anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance is very challenging. In this paper, a high-NA anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance is designed. The value of the large off-axis distance that satisfies the unobscured constraint is first analyzed. Then an

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demagnification isomorphic objective with large off-axis distance is designed by a grouping design process. Finally, the XY polynomial surface is adopted to achieve a

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demagnification perpendicular to the scanning direction. This method is implemented to design a NA 0.55 anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance. The performance of the designed objective demonstrates that this design method is very effective and will provide a good structure of the objective for the illumination system design.
Lack of knowledge is the leading key for the growing cervical cancer incidents in Bangladesh: A population based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Alam Nur E. , Islam Md. Shariful , Rayyan Fabia , Ifa Humaira Nur , Khabir Md Imam Ul , Chowdhury Kamal , Mohiuddin A. K. M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer in Bangladesh. Lack of awareness of screening methods, risk factors, and symptoms may lead to presenting most cervical cancers at an advanced stage. We investigated knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer (CCa) among females at the Sheikh Hasina Medical College (SHMC) of Tangail district in Bangladesh.

Methods
A cross sectional survey was conducted to collect data via a structured questionnaire from SHMC during the period of February 2019 to January 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with having heard and knowledge of cervical cancer. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Result
Of all the interviews conducted, only 45.2% (493/1090) had heard of cervical cancer as a disease. Women were more likely to be aware of CCa if they were lived in urban areas, had higher education (university level education) and belong to high income families. The study revealed evidence of significant association between marital, literacy, residence and socio-economic status with women’s knowledge on cervical cancer (p< 0.05).

Conclusion
This study serves to highlight that there was impoverished knowledge about cervical cancer among Bangladeshi women. Hence, this indicates the government should take proper steps to raise awareness and knowledge levels via educational programs and health counseling.
Disease characteristics and serological responses in patients with differing severity of COVID-19 infection: A longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Afroza , Ahmed Tasnuva , Tauheed Imam , Akhtar Marjahan , Rahman Sadia Isfat Ara , Khaton Fatema , Ahmmed Faisal , Ferdous Jannatul , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Kawser Zannat , Hossain Mohabbat , Khondaker Rabeya , Hasnat Mohammad Abul , Sumon Mostafa Aziz , Rashed Asif , Ghosh Shuvro , Calderwood Stephen B. , Charles Richelle C. , Ryan Edward T. , Khatri Purvesh , Maecker Holden Terry , Obermoser Gerlinde , Pulendran Bali , Clemens John D. , Banu Sayera , Shirin Tahmina , LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Chowdhury Fahima , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: January 2022

Background
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease and can cause fatal and devastating outcome in many cases. In this study, we have compared the clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters across the different disease spectrum of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi patients.

Methodology/Principal findings
This longitudinal study was conducted in two COVID-19 hospitals and also around the community in Dhaka city in Bangladesh between November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 100 patients with COVID-19 infection were enrolled and classified into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe cases (n = 25/group). In addition, thirty age and sex matched healthy participants were enrolled and 21 were analyzed as controls based on exclusion criteria. After enrollment (study day1), follow-up visits were conducted on day 7, 14 and 28 for the cases.
Older age, male gender and co-morbid conditions were the risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. Those with moderate and severe cases of infection had low lymphocyte counts, high neutrophil counts along with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at enrollment; this decreased to normal range within 42 days after the onset of symptom. At enrollment, D-dimer, CRP and ferritin levels were elevated among moderate and severe cases. The mild, moderate, and severe cases were seropositive for IgG antibody by day 14 after enrollment. Moderate and severe cases showed significantly higher IgM and IgG levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 compared to mild and asymptomatic cases.

Conclusion/Significance
We report on the clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters associated with the different severity of COVID-19 infection. We also show different profile of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in relation to disease severity, especially in those with moderate and severe disease manifestations compared to the mild and asymptomatic infection.
Gastric motility and pulmonary function in children with functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma: A pathophysiological study
Authors: Kumari Manori Vijaya , Amarasiri Lakmali , Rajindrajith Shaman , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAn association has been shown between functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and asthma. However, the exact reason for this association is obscured. The main objective of this study is to identify the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the association between FAPDs and asthma using gastric motility and lung function tests.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional comparative study that consisted of four study groups. Twenty-four children (age 7–12 years) each were recruited for four study groups; asthma only, FAPDs only, both asthma and FAPDs, and healthy controls. Asthma was diagnosed using the history and bronchodilator reversibility test. The diagnosis of FAPDs was made using Rome IV criteria. All subjects underwent ultrasound assessment of gastric motility and pulmonary function assessment by spirometry, using validated techniques.ResultsAll gastric motility parameters, gastric emptying rate, amplitude of antral contraction, and antral motility index, were significantly impaired in children with FAPDs only, children with asthma only, and children with both asthma & FAPDs, compared to controls (p<0.05). Pulmonary function parameters indicating airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate, FEF25-75%) were not impaired in children with FAPDs only compared to controls (p>0.05), but significantly impaired in children with asthma and children with both disorders. Antral motility index correlated with the FEV1/FVC ratio (r= 0.60,p= 0.002) and FEF25%-75% (r= 0.49,p= 0.01) in children with both asthma and FAPDs.ConclusionsGastric motor functions were significantly impaired in children with asthma, children with FAPDs, and children with both disorders. Motility index, measuring overall gastric motor activity, showed a significant positive correlation with lung function parameters that measure airflow limitation. Therefore, these diseases might arise as a result of primary disturbance of smooth muscle activity in the airways and gastrointestinal wall, which could be a possible pathophysiological mechanism for this association between asthma and FAPDs.
Proposal of a Dynamic Algorithm for the Maintenance and Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: López Ayala Carlos Andrés , Jurado Valbuena Wilson , Lopez Santana Eduyn Ramiro 
Published: January 2022

Context: In the context of business organizations, every process in which the product is immersed has a cost and time associated with it. The area of maintenance planning and scheduling is no exception; however, it is an aspect in which few companies specialize, tending to be outsourced. In this sense, the application of combinatorial models is a tool with a high potential to improve the overall performance of the organization through the understanding of the integral maintenance process.
Method: A two-phase (maintenance and routing) dynamic algorithm is proposed which considers a set of clients distributed in a maintenance network (distance), where each of the technicians start from the same central node (depot), which, in turn, is the endpoint of each assigned route. The objective is to minimize the total cost associated with the development of preventive and corrective maintenance of all machines to be evaluated. With this purpose, the formulation of the mathematical problem for each of the phases and its interrelation method is proposed. Then, performance measures are expressed to evaluate the achieved objectives.
Results: The results satisfy a consistent alternative for the resolution of problems of the NP-Hard type, which generates a high level of complexity to the model. That is, it proposes a tool for solving problems of these characteristics in low computational response times and with appealing results.
Conclusions: The combined maintenance and routing model using a dynamic algorithm addresses the maintenance and routing problem satisfactorily. The model shows good results with respect to the comparison optimization model in percentage gaps of performance measures lower than 5%. As for the computational time required, a reduction of up to 98% was achieved, which makes it an ideal alternative for highly complex scenarios. Finally, achieving a higher level of characterization, employing multi-objective decision criteria and a greater number of constraints to the problem, is proposed in future research.
Acknowledgements: To the High-Performance Computing Center (CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño) of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas for their support, as well as for providing us with a virtual machine to run the proposed mathematical model, which was an essential element in the results obtained.
Density and Extension of Differentiable Functions on Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: García Rafael Espínola , González Luis Sánchez 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider vector valued mappings defined on metric measure spaces with a measurable differentiable structure and study both approximations by nicer mappings and regular extensions of the given mappings when defined on closed subsets. Therefore, we propose a first approach to these problems, largely studied on Euclidean and Banach spaces during the last century, for first order differentiable functions de-fined on these metric measure spaces.
Nonlinear cosmogony of the spiral galaxy bulges
Authors: Botirov Farkhod , Nuritdinov Salakhutdin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an early idea of one of the authors (Nuritdinov 1992a,b), who was the first to propose the mechanism of instability of the warp perturbation mode on the background of a nonstationary disk. For this aim, we have studied a model of a nonlinearly non-stationary self-gravitating disk with an anisotropic velocity diagram. The model has a composite nature, or rather, it is a superposition of isotropic and anisotropic states of the disk. In the general case, it is obtained a nonstationary analogue of the dispersion equation of this composite model. We have also investigated the behavior of the domed perturbation mode, the instability of which leads to the formation of a classical bulge in the central region of the disk. In addition, we considered the critical diagrams of the dependence of the virial ratio on the rotation rate of the system for various values of the superposition parameter and the corresponding diagrams for the increments of instability.
Admission Groups and Academic Performance: A Study of Marginal Entrants in the Selection to Higher Education
Authors: Karlsson Linn , Wikström Magnus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study whether Swedish admission policies successful in selecting the best-performing students. The Swedish universities select students based on two different instruments, which each form a separate admission group. A regression model is recommended to estimate the achievement differences for the marginally accepted students between the admission groups and is applied to a sample of 9024 Swedish university entrants in four different fields of education. Marginally accepted students in the group selected by school grades on average perform better than students accepted by an admission test, suggesting that a small reallocation of study positions towards the grade admission group may increase overall academic achievement. However, the achievement difference appears to vary concerning university programme selectivity. We found that increasing selection by grades in less competitive programmes would improve overall achievement, while we do not find any effect for highly competitive programmes.