bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of some types of punishment in the context of changes to the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Matyushenko O. 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of changes to the Penal Code of Ukraine, which are connected with some types of punishment.
It was stated that from 24.02.2022 to 24.07.2022, 31 sanctions of the current criminal law were amended as a result of the adoption of 12 laws of Ukraine, which were concerned with the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The most significant changes have been made to the sanctions, which provide punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities, confiscation of property, deprivation of liberty, and life imprisonment.
The article states that punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities as the main punishment is provided in 2 sanctions, which is 6.45% of the total number of sanctions, which are supplemented with the provisions of the current Penal Code from 02.24.2022 to 07.01.2022 year, in the amount of 10 to 15 years; as an additional punishment, this type of punishment is prescribed in 12 sanctions, which is 38.7%, of which in 6 cases, the amount of this type of punishment is set from 10 to 15 years.
It was defined that confiscation of property is prescribed as a mandatory additional punishment in 5 cases (16.13%), as an optional additional punishment in 10 cases (32.26%).
It has been discovered that the Penal Code of Ukraine has introduced absolutely defined sanctions, which prescribe the punishment in the form of imprisonment for a term of 15 years. It is pointed out the correctness of the actions of the legislator about the inadmissibility of constructing the sanction as having no alternative, which is manifested in the introduction of an alternative type of punishment in the form of life imprisonment in the specified cases.
A conclusion was made regarding the need to take into account the expressed proposals when improving the provisions of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely: finalize the norms regarding the application of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities and bring the provisions of some criminal sanctions into compliance with the requirements of part 2 of Article 59 of the Criminal Code regarding the appointment of confiscation of property as an additional type of punishment.
Legal investigation of crime trace tracks: facilitating effective detection and prevention of crimes
Authors: Kopcha V. , Fridmanskyi R. , Kopcha N. 
Published: December 2022

This article is devoted to the coverage of legal research of traces at the crime scene, which contribute to the effective detection and prevention of crimes, and determine the development and functioning of trasology.
The authors point to the research and organization of the volume. Their main functions are manifested in the accumulation of achievements of trasological research in theory and practice, the optimal development of trasology and dactyloscopy, which contribute to the effective detection and prevention of crimes. These are the most important starting points that underlie its construction and development.
The commission of many crimes is accompanied by certain changes in the environment. Such changes are called traces of a crime. The trace is a reflection of criminal acts, individual elements of a criminal act. In the forensic sense, the value of traces is due to the existing relationship between the crime and its reflection (traces).
In modern criminology, the concept of trace should be considered in several aspects. In a broad sense, it should be the result of any material change in the primary situation as a result of the crime: the appearance or disappearance of certain objects, violation of the original position, location, condition of various objects (eg, lost property at the scene, fragments broken window glass). At the present stage of development of criminology as traces are considered: sound traces, odor traces, traces-microparticles, traces-substances, traces of the genetic code of man.
Traditionally, trasology studies traces only in a narrow sense, namely, materially fixed reflections of the external structure of one object on another (traces-reflections). Traces-reflections arise as a result of interaction of two objects and have rather wide distribution: these are traces of human hands, feet, footwear, teeth, vehicles, tools and tools, etc. Traces-reflection is the main subject of study in trasology.
The role of social entrepreneurship in the formation of the social state
Authors: Mikhailina T. , Hotsulyak Yu. , Gel A. 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the essence of social entrepreneurship and its role in building a social state.
The results of the study refute the thesis that any state is socially in its essence. Although social policy can be implemented by different methods, and the existence of different models of the social state is a recognized fact, however, different methods and ways may form the essence of the state, which generally corresponds to its social direction.
The conducted research allows to state the multidimensional role of social entrepreneurship: 1) as a tool for increasing entrepreneurial activity; 2) as an institution of civil society and a means of self-organization of individuals to solve pressing social problems; 3) as a basis for building a social state.Attention is focused on the fact that the institution of social entrepreneurship can be recognized as intersectoral and located on the border of economic, social and legal systems. As an institution of the economic system, social entrepreneurship is a type of entrepreneurship as such, contributes to increasing economic potential and implementing entrepreneurial initiative. As an institution of the social system, social entrepreneurship is aimed at self-organizing individuals to jointly solve the problems of a particular community, since on the ground the problems and needs of the community are much more obvious. At the same time, in the legal system, social entrepreneurship can be considered: 1) in the aspect of civil society, as one of themany means for building a social state governed by the rule of Law; 2) as a component of the subject of legal regulation in economic law.
It is noted that now the legislation of Ukraine does not provide a legal definition of Social Entrepreneurship, its features are not highlighted and the procedure for carrying out such activities is not regulated. Regulation of social entrepreneurship is carried out within the framework of general regulation of entrepreneurial activity, which does not contribute to its effectiveness, since its purpose and the procedure for using income differ significantly.
It is concluded that in order to activate social entrepreneurship in wartime and during the country’s recovery from military aggression, the state needs to minimize the use of coercive mechanisms in the economic sphere, expanding the use of legal incentives as much as possible.
Guarantees of implementation and protection of the administrative and legal status of a private natural person in the public sphere
Authors: Kostyukevich S. 
Published: December 2022

It is indicated that in the theory of law there are still quite relevant discussions regarding the definition of the criteria for the relationship and delimitation of such categories as “mechanism of legal regulation” and “mechanism of implementation and protection of the legal status of a citizen”. According to separate unified approaches to the criteria for distinguishing such categories, it is emphasized that, in general, the mechanism of legal regulation should be considered as a basic element of the mechanism of implementation and protection of the legal status of a citizen. The mechanism of legal regulation establishes the general principles of the implementation and protection of human rights and freedoms in a sphere independent of social legal relations, defining the fundamental principles of human and citizen participation, establishing a system of law enforcement and human rights protection means and methods of implementation and protection of the legal status of a private person.
It has been proven that the system of guarantees for the implementation and protection of the administrative-legal status of a private natural person in the public sphere has a four-level structure, to which the level of regulatory regulation, institutional definition of the system, procedural order and the level of law enforcement are possible. At the administrative-legal level of the administrative-legal mechanism, ensuring the rights, freedoms and interests of private individuals is actually carried out with the help of a certain set of legal norms that provide guarantees for the exercise of subjective public rights in power-management relations. At the institutional level of administrative-legal regulation of the exercise and protection of subjective public rights, a private person is a certain set of state authorities and local self-government bodies (i.e., public administration bodies) that are obliged to perform the tasks of ensuring and promoting the realization of the administrative-legal status of a person and a citizen of Ukraine. The third level of the system of guarantees for the implementation and protection of the subjective public rights of a private person is the administrative-procedural (management) level, which includes a certain set of administrative procedures that allow the realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of non-authoritative subjects of administrative law.The law-enforcement level of the normative-legal mechanism for the protection of subjective public rights, freedoms and interests of individuals and legal entities includes a set of administrative and administrative-judicial procedures that allow to guarantee the realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of non-authoritative subjects of administrative law at the appropriate level of efficiency.
Peculiarities of employment of employees with family responsibilities
Authors: Stadnichenko S. 
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the provision of equality in employment, which cannot be ignored, is the prevention of discrimination on the basis of such a criterion as family responsibilities, which in today’s conditions can act as an independent reason, moreover, it applies to employees of any gender, and not only women The domestic legislation was studied, which does not provide a definition of the term «employees with family responsibilities». However, according to the norms of international acts, men and women who have family responsibilities towards their dependent children are considered to be such when such responsibilities limit their ability to train, access, participate or advance in economic activities. It was quite significant that the national legislation provided for ensuring that research groups of persons who perform or want to perform paid work, the conditions under which they could exercise their right to work, cases of discrimination would be prevented and professional duties would be harmoniously combined with family duties. The author, in the context of scientific research, proposed to reveal the category of «persons with family responsibilities» as «an association of persons related to each other by rights and obligations arising from marriage, kinship, kinship, adoption and another form of relationship (family)»
On the basis of the works of domestic scientists, the question of the availability of benefits and guarantees that apply only to women, which is related to their physiological characteristics and the period of active motherhood, and all other guarantees that can be extended not only to women, has been investigated at the level of labor legislation. and workers with family responsibilities.
Constitutional and legal forms of political activity of citizens implemented with the help of information and communication technology: concepts, tasks and functions
Authors: Afonina O.V. 
Published: December 2022

The world community’s shift from an industrial society to an information one has significantly affected all types of citizens’ political activity. More and more such forms are carried out by information and communication technologies and get constitutional and legislative foundations due to their importance for developing e-democracy and ensuring the political rights and freedoms of citizens. It is an important part of constitutional mechanisms for implementation of political rights as a part of e-democracy. The aforementioned issues are relevant not only from a theoretical point of view, but also in the praxeological aspect. To come to a common understanding of how information and communication technologies can positively support democratic processes such as improving government through engaging citizens in decision-making, this essay concerns the topic of concept and functions of constitutional and legal forms of political activity of citizens, which are implemented with ICT.
Firstly, the constitutional and legal forms of political activity of citizens implemented through ICT are an appropriate element of the functioning of e-democracy and are an expression of advisory democracy. In essence, such forms are an external expression of democracy, but given the peculiarities that they are associated with the collection, processing, storage, distribution, display and use of certain data through certain software. Such information is created in the process of communication between public authorities or local governments with citizens, and therefore the effective functioning of various ICT, which serve as a platform for political activity of citizens requires compliance with criteria such as inclusiveness, transparency, discussion through effective channels, guaranteeing citizens public affairs and cost-effectiveness of state or local budgets. Secondly, the main functions performed by the various instruments of e-democracy in the exercise of citizens' political rights are monitoring, setting the agenda and facilitating decision-making. Proper performance of these functions is possible under the conditions of preventing the use of "hate speech", providing feedback on the opinions offered by citizens and understanding and anticipation of risks as the results obtained.
Peculiarities of legal regulation of employment of young specialists
Authors: Stadnichenko S.V. 
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of employment in general and a separate category of workers - youth. The legal framework for regulating employment relations has been studied. The positive characteristics of current legal norms, mostly created on the basis of international legal standards, primarily those adopted by the ILO, are revealed. The allocation of a separate chapter XIII "Youth work" in the Labor Code of Labor and Employment once again demonstrates that minors, young specialists and other categories covered by this age limit are defined as those that require special, favorable conditions for labor activity, in particular at the stage of its initiation - employment. The article analyzes the concepts of "young specialist" and "young worker", reveals their interpretation in such normative and legal acts as the Labor Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population", the Law of Ukraine "On Basic Principles of Youth Policy". Emphasis is placed on the inconsistency of fundamental concepts, on conflicts of legislation. From this study, the author concludes that the concepts of "young specialist", "young worker" and "able-to-work youth", although close in meaning, are not identical. In the special literature, another related category is also used and disclosed - a young worker, a proposal is made to establish the term at the legislative level as "a graduate of vocational and technical educational institutions (regardless of the form of ownership), who has been assigned the qualification of a skilled worker, the need for which has been declared by enterprises , institutions, organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, or an individual, and who are employed on the basis of referral to work."
The article notes the important role of employment centers in the process of youth employment. With their participation, young people can receive free information and consulting services in professional direction to simplify the choice of the future field of activity, profession, place of work. In addition, among social services, employment centers provide the opportunity for the unemployed to undergo professional training and retraining, if the need arises.
Ensuring gender balance in family relations: national and European experience
Authors: Dynіuk A.A. , Samilyk L.O. 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of gender equality in family legal relations taking into account the European experience. The theoretical essence and place of gender issues in the family policy of Ukraine has been established.
The gender legislation, which forms the basis of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, is analyzed: the main norms of the Constitution of Ukraine in the field of gender equality; norms of the Family Code of Ukraine and other national normative legal acts that ensure the equality of men and women in the institution of the family; international documents that were ratified by Ukraine in this area.
The problem of discrimination against men according to social stereotypes and the problem of violence in the family are considered.
It is noted that the war on the territory of Ukraine has an extremely negative effect on family legal relations, as it causes such negative consequences as the absence of a father or mother in the family, a broken psyche of children, an increase in cases of deviant behavior, changeable family relations, the spread of single-parent families, etc.
European experience in solving the main problems of gender policy was studied and parallels with Ukrainian legislation were drawn.
The directions of European family policy are considered, such as: children's well-being, gender equality, combination of family life and employment. The research conducted by MORI as part of the Here and Now task in Great Britain is analyzed; Sweden's experience in regulating the equal participation of men and women in household chores and parental responsibilities; The Gender Equality Index, which represents the current state of European gender roles and their formation, through indicators relating to the dimensions of Knowledge, Work, Money, Time, Power and Health.
It is proposed to develop a national concept of family development and gender equality, based on the analysis of modern national processes and world experience.
Institutional Model of Ensuring Compliance with Advertising Rules: Current State and Prospects for Improvement
Authors: Yerohina N. 
Published: December 2022

Having studied the current state and prospects for improving the institutional mechanism of the public system of ensuring compliance with advertising rules, the author draws attention to the fact that in scientific literature is prevails the view according to which the optimal institutional model for ensuring compliance with the rules for creating and placing advertising is one that includes a specialized government agency with universal competence, as well as an agency entrusted with the state protection of competition in business activities as an entity with sectoral competence. However, as the author notes, there are sufficient reasons to consider this vision premature due to the lack of substantiation of the sufficient originality, uniformity and complexity of state regulation of legal relations related to advertising for the formation of a special regulator of the advertising services market. There is no confirmation that a separate government agency, the purview of which would include state regulation and control of the advertising services market, could surpass in efficiency the specialized structural subdivisions of government authorities that under current legislation control compliance with the legislation of Ukraine on advertising, provided that techniques and procedures for fulfillment of these function is improved and the scope of their powers is adjusted.
Reflecting on the place of local self-government bodies in the system of authorities controlling compliance with the requirements of advertising legislation, the author points out that according to the legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on this issue, bearing in mind the fact that ensuring compliance of advertising constructions with engineering and technical requirements, sanitary norms and aesthetic standards is an element of the comprehensive development of settlements, which is an integral part of the area of responsibility of local self-government bodies, these bodies are authorized to control advertisement compliance. At the same time, it is overlooked that the provisions of the government-made rules for the placement of outdoor advertising, which impose on local self-government bodies control over their compliance, are not consistent with the list of control bodies set out in the Law of Ukraine "On Advertising" and creates an extremely high probability of duplication of the powers of a specially authorized state control agency. It is also substantiated that the local self-government bodies do not have the authority to check the compliance of advertising with content requirements for advertising, since this lies outside the boundaries of comprehensive development of settlements.