bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising functional strategies and trait space of freshwater macroinvertebrates
Authors: Schmera Dénes , Heino Jani , Podani János 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examined the functional strategies and the trait space of 596 European taxa of freshwater macroinvertebrates characterized by 63 fuzzy coded traits belonging to 11 trait groups. Principal component analysis was used to reduce trait dimensionality, to explain ecological strategies, and to quantify the trait space occupied by taxa. Null models were used to compare observed occupancy with theoretical models, and randomization-based analyses were performed to test whether taxonomic relatedness, a proxy of phylogenetic signal, constrains the functional trait space of freshwater macroinvertebrates. We identified four major strategies along which functional traits of the taxa examined show trade-offs. In agreement with expectations and in contrast to existing evidence we found that life cycles and aquatic strategies are important in shaping functional structure of freshwater macroinvertebrates. Our results showed that the taxonomic groups examined fill remarkably different niches in the functional trait space. We found that the functional trait space of freshwater macroinvertebrates is reduced compared to the range of possibilities that would exist if traits varied independently. The observed decrease was between 23.44 and 44.61% depending on the formulation of the null expectations. We demonstrated also that taxonomic relatedness constrains the functional trait space of macroinvertebrates.
Rapid high-resolution volumetric imaging via laser ablation delayering and confocal imaging
Authors: Phoulady Adrian , May Nicholas , Choi Hongbin , Suleiman Yara , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Tavousi Pouya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcquiring detailed 3D images of samples is needed for conducting thorough investigations in a wide range of applications. Doing so using nondestructive methods such as X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has resolution limitations. Destructive methods, which work based on consecutive delayering and imaging of the sample, face a tradeoff between throughput and resolution. Using focused ion beam (FIB) for delayering, although high precision, is low throughput. On the other hand, mechanical methods that can offer fast delayering, are low precision and may put the sample integrity at risk. Herein, we propose to use femtosecond laser ablation as a delayering method in combination with optical and confocal microscopy as the imaging technique for performing rapid 3D imaging. The use of confocal microscopy provides several advantages. First, it eliminates the 3D image distortion resulting from non-flat layers, caused by the difference in laser ablation rate of different materials. It further allows layer height variations to be maintained within a small range. Finally, it enables material characterization based on the processing of material ablation rate at different locations. The proposed method is applied on a printed circuit board (PCB), and the results are validated and compared with the X-ray CT image of the PCB part.
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-derived reactive oxygen species stimulate ATP release via TRPA1 in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Orimoto Ai , Kitamura Chiaki , Ono Kentaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are involved in calcium signaling in odontoblasts and dental pain. The resin monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), used in dental restorative procedures, is related to apoptotic cell death via oxidative stress. Although the TRPA1 channel is highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the effect of HEMA-induced ROS on ATP release to the extracellular space and the TRPA1 channel has not been clarified in human dental pulp. In this study, we investigated the extracellular ATP signaling and TRPA1 activation by HEMA-derived ROS in immortalized human dental pulp cells (hDPSC-K4DT). Among the ROS-sensitive TRP channels, TRPA1 expression was highest in undifferentiated hDPSC-K4DT cells, and its expression levels were further enhanced by osteogenic differentiation. In differentiated hDPSC-K4DT cells, 30 mM HEMA increased intracellular ROS production and ATP release, although 3 mM HEMA had no effect. Pretreatment with the free radical scavenger PBN (N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone) or TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 suppressed HEMA-induced responses. These results suggest that ROS production induced by a higher dose of HEMA activates the TRPA1 channel in human dental pulp cells, leading to ATP release. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of tertiary dentin formation and pain in response to dental biomaterials.
Effect of β-resin of binderless coke on mechanical properties of high-density carbon blocks at high molding pressure
Authors: Park Seungjoo , Lee Seon Ho , Lee Song Mi , Jung Doo-Hwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh-density carbon blocks have excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. In particular, these blocks are applied in various fields while maintaining excellent physical properties even in harsh environments. In this study, binderless coke manufactured under certain conditions was used to form green bodies (GBs) under various pressure conditions of 50 to 250 MPa, and the bodies were carbonized to form a high-density carbon block (CB). Then, the effect of the β-resin and oxygen functional groups of binderless coke on the mechanical properties of the high-density carbon block according to molding pressure was considered. When molding at a pressure of under 200 MPa, the ratio of O and C (O/C) has a greater effect, and the larger the O/C, the higher the mechanical properties. On the other hand, when molding at a high pressure of 250 MPa, the β-resin content has a greater effect and steadily increases when the β-resin content is low and when the mechanical properties are sufficiently reduced. In particular, in the case of CB-N7A3–250, which has the highest β-resin content of 3.7 wt%, the density was 1.79 g/cm3, the flexural strength was 106 MPa, and the shore hardness was 99 HSD.
A Delphi consensus statement for digital surgery
Authors: Lam Kyle , Abràmoff Michael D. , Balibrea José M. , Bishop Steven M. , Brady Richard R. , Callcut Rachael A. , Chand Manish , Collins Justin W. , Diener Markus K. , Eisenmann Matthias , Fermont Kelly , Neto Manoel Galvao , Hager Gregory D. , Hinchliffe Robert J. , Horgan Alan , Jannin Pierre , Langerman Alexander , Logishetty Kartik , Mahadik Amit , Maier-Hein Lena , Antona Esteban Martín , Mascagni Pietro , Mathew Ryan K. , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Neumuth Thomas , Nickel Felix , Park Adrian , Pellino Gianluca , Rudzicz Frank , Shah Sam , Slack Mark , Smith Myles J. , Soomro Naeem , Speidel Stefanie , Stoyanov Danail , Tilney Henry S. , Wagner Martin , Darzi Ara , Kinross James M. , Purkayastha Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of digital technology is increasing rapidly across surgical specialities, yet there is no consensus for the term ‘digital surgery’. This is critical as digital health technologies present technical, governance, and legal challenges which are unique to the surgeon and surgical patient. We aim to define the term digital surgery and the ethical issues surrounding its clinical application, and to identify barriers and research goals for future practice. 38 international experts, across the fields of surgery, AI, industry, law, ethics and policy, participated in a four-round Delphi exercise. Issues were generated by an expert panel and public panel through a scoping questionnaire around key themes identified from the literature and voted upon in two subsequent questionnaire rounds. Consensus was defined if >70% of the panel deemed the statement important and <30% unimportant. A final online meeting was held to discuss consensus statements. The definition of digital surgery as the use of technology for the enhancement of preoperative planning, surgical performance, therapeutic support, or training, to improve outcomes and reduce harm achieved 100% consensus agreement. We highlight key ethical issues concerning data, privacy, confidentiality and public trust, consent, law, litigation and liability, and commercial partnerships within digital surgery and identify barriers and research goals for future practice. Developers and users of digital surgery must not only have an awareness of the ethical issues surrounding digital applications in healthcare, but also the ethical considerations unique to digital surgery. Future research into these issues must involve all digital surgery stakeholders including patients.
Tracking carrier and exciton dynamics in mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite thin films
Authors: Chang Qing , Bao Di , Chen Bingbing , Hu Hongwei , Chen Xiaoxuan , Sun Handong , Lam Yeng Ming , Zhu Jian-Xin , Zhao Daming , Chia Elbert E. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskites simultaneously possess structural stability and high power conversion efficiency. A thorough study of both carrier and exciton dynamics is needed to understand the photophysical properties that underpin its superior photovoltaic performance. By utilizing a broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we observe the carrier and exciton dynamics in a FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3 (FCPIB) perovskite by simultaneously resolving the carrier and exciton contribution to the transient change of the absorption spectra, from which the carrier density and exciton oscillator strength can be determined. Our data reveal a quick and significant conversion of the photogenerated carriers to excitons, on top of the usual carrier recombination process. Moreover, the decay of carrier density shows a change of kinetics from a second-order recombination at high pump fluence to a third-order recombination at low pump fluence. Our analysis utilizes band anharmonicity, presents an independent determination of electronic temperature and quasi-Fermi energy, and reveals an interesting interplay among the processes of carrier cooling, exciton formation/decay and carrier recombination, all as a function of time after photoexcitation. Our work demonstrates the use of pump fluence as a knob to tune the relative populations of carriers and excitons in halide perovskite materials.
A multi-technique approach to unveil the redox behaviour and potentiality of homoleptic CuI complexes based on substituted bipyridine ligands in oxygenation reactions
Authors: Centrella Barbara , Deplano Gabriele , Damin Alessandro , Signorile Matteo , Tortora Mariagrazia , Barolo Claudia , Bonomo Matteo , Bordiga Silvia 
Published: July 2022

The reaction of CuI(bpy)2 complexes with tBuOOH was followed by a multi-technique approach (DFT-supported lab-scale or synchrotron spectroscopies and electrochemistry). The findings evidence the formation of a CuIIOH species as reactive intermediate.
Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Richardson Kelly , Huber Jessica E. , Kiefer Brianna , Snyder Sandy 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of two voice intervention approaches for hypophonia secondary to Parkinson's disease (PD) on self-reported measures of physical demand, mental demand, and vocal performance.

Method:

Thirty-four persons with hypophonia secondary to PD were assigned to one of three groups: Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) LOUD (
n
= 12), SpeechVive (
n
= 12), and nontreatment clinical control (
n
= 10). The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants received 8 weeks of voice intervention following the standardized protocol previously described for each approach. To confirm the effectiveness of each voice intervention, sound pressure level (dB SPL) data were analyzed for the experimental and control participants for a monologue sample obtained pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment. During the voice intervention period, the LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants were instructed to complete a modified version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index rating scale to indicate the mental and physical demand required to complete the intervention activities, and to indicate how well they performed in completing the assigned vocal tasks.

Results:
The LSVT LOUD and the SpeechVive participants demonstrated a significant posttreatment increase in SPL (dB), in comparison to the clinical controls, thus confirming a positive intervention effect. The LSVT LOUD participants reported significantly higher ratings of physical and mental demand over the course of treatment, in comparison to the SpeechVive participants.

Conclusion:
Consideration of the mental and physical demand associated with two voice intervention approaches, commonly used for PD, may help to foster improved therapeutic compliance and treatment outcomes.
Deep image inpainting via contextual modelling in ADCT domain
Authors: Manickam Adhiyaman , Jiang Jianmin , Zhou Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPixel‐based generative image inpainting has been widely researched over recent years and certain level of success via deep learning of feature representations and hallucinations of missing pixel values from surrounding backgrounds have also been reported in the literature. However, existing approaches rely on context‐based attentions and progressive inferences to capture the pixel correlations yet such pixel‐based approaches often fail to adapt to the constantly varying ranges and distances among surrounding background pixels. On the other hand, the modelling cost is also increasingly expensive whenever correlations of those pixels at longer distance away are to be exploited. To resolve the problem, we implement the principle of learning and hallucinating frequency components rather than pixel values. Therefore, we can avoid the dilemma that, on one hand the wish is to exploit all correlated pixels inside the image no matter how far away they are spatially located, but on the other, the price of increasing the modelling cost incurred by those pixels far away from the missing regions has to be paid. Extensive experiments carried out verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which outperforms the representative existing state of the arts in terms of all assessment metrics.
Energy‐efficient train control considering the traction system efficiency
Authors: Rao Yu , Sun Pengfei , Wang Qingyuan , Feng Xiaoyun , Wang Chuanru , Wei Mi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe traction system efficiency of electrical locomotive varies with the operating conditions. To minimize the mechanical energy consumption of train does not mean that the electric energy consumption is also minimum. This paper studies the energy‐efficient train control (EETC) problem considering the dynamic traction system efficiency based on the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) method. The authors find that the necessary optimal control modes for the problem are full power (FP), constrained partial power (CPP), coast (C), partial brake (PB), and full brake (FB). Especially, the FP‐C pair is proposed to replace the unreasonable cruising phase on the other‐non‐steep hill (ONSH). A two‐layer algorithm is designed to solve the problem and case studies are presented to illustrate the results. The influence of different train weights, different overall running times, and different kinds of traction system efficiency on the optimal driving strategy is analyzed.
Underdetermined direction of arrival estimation of wideband signal based on sparse array
Authors: Wu Fan , Cao Fei , Zhang Xurong , Jiang Nan , Zhang Yanhong , Lu Shikun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo solve the problem of the mismatch of the wideband underdetermined direction of arrival (DOA) estimation under the condition of the On‐grid model, this paper extends the narrowband Off‐Grid model to wideband and proposes a new DOA estimation algorithm for Off‐Grid sources based on group sparsity. The proposed algorithm first obtains the preliminary estimation result under the current predefined discrete grid through the group sparsity wideband DOA estimation algorithm. Then, the Off‐Grid optimisation problem is adopted to calculate the Off‐Grid deviation vector. It is also assumed that the off‐grid deviation vectors of each frequency subband are exactly the same, thereby reducing the number of parameters to be estimated. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can not only maintain similar or even better estimation accuracy but also greatly reduce the computational complexity. Finally, simulation is conducted and the results verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method.
Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung – ein wichtiges Arbeitsfeld, das physiotherapeutische Kompetenz erfordert
Authors: Mohokum Melvin , Dieterich Angela V. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitstätigkeit und Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen dargestellt. Dabei werden grundlegende Ansätze der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung beschrieben. Es soll deutlich werden, welch wichtige Rolle physiotherapeutisches Know-how im Setting „Betrieb“ für die Gesunderhaltung der Beschäftigten spielt. Anhand praktischer Beispiele werden Maßnahmen der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung erläutert. Physiotherapeut*innen sind in besonderer Weise prädestiniert, ihre Expertise und ihr Können an verschiedenen Stellen einzubringen.
Arthroscopic-Assisted Toggle Rod Stabilization in Canine Coxofemoral Luxation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Rivenburg Rachel E. , Murphy Sean M. , Jones Ciaran T. , Martin Kyle W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to describe an arthroscopic-assisted technique for coxofemoral toggle rod placement, and to report on the feasibility, drill tunnel trajectory and accuracy of tunnel aperture location using this method.Study Design Cadaveric pilot study.Sample Population Eight coxofemoral joints.Methods Craniodorsal coxofemoral joint luxations were artificially created. A simulated open hip reduction and stabilization with a toggle rod were performed through a limited arthrotomy under arthroscopic guidance. Computed tomography scans were performed to evaluate drill hole trajectory across the femoral neck, and joints were disarticulated and photographed. Digital imaging software was used to determine the percent overlap of the drill hole apertures relative to the origin and insertion of the round ligament on the acetabulum and fovea.Results The exit point of the tunnel was entirely within the fovea capitis in five of eight femurs, three of eight femoral drill apertures were only partially within the target area. Of the eight acetabular bone tunnels examined, all were centred occupying the acetabular fossa.Conclusions Coxofemoral toggle rod placement can be performed under arthroscopic guidance through a limited arthrotomy. Comparable femoral tunnel accuracy with the standard open technique should be achieved with the current method prior to its clinical use.
Effect of Needle and Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation of Acupuncture Points on Equine Chronic Multilimb Lameness Using a Single-Formula Approach
Authors: Labens Raphael , Schramme Michael , Hale Josephine Nicole Sampson , Teixeira-Neto Antônio Raphael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to compare effects with conventional (needle and electroacupuncture, NAP) and shockwave stimulation of acupuncture points (SAP) on chronic multilimb lameness in horses.Study Design Randomized crossover block design; ten mature Standardbred mares with multilimb lameness (< 4/10) underwent 3-weekly point stimulations (NAP/SAP) selected on the basis of their uniform applicability. Groups were reversed following a washout period (9 weeks). Lameness at the trot was video recorded and quantified objectively using an inertial sensor-based system during a 4-week pre- and post-treatment period. Blinded expert review of recordings resulted in subjective qualitative (better, same, or worse) and quantitative outcome measures (0–10 lameness grade). Mixed effect repeated measures analyses were performed on objective quantitative gait parameters specific to fore (Vector sum [VSHead]) and hindlimb lameness (average differences in minimum [DIFFMINPelvis] and maximum pelvic height [DIFFMAXPelvis]) Qualitative data were assessed in non-parametric tests.Results SAP had no effect on forelimb but improved hindlimb lameness (DIFFMINPelvis; p < 0.001). NAP was associated with deterioration of forelimb lameness (VSHead, p < 0.001) and had no effect on hindlimb lameness. VSHead data differed between modalities when accounting for the time of observation (interaction effect; p = 0.002). For other quantitative gait parameters, a difference between modalities was not observed. SAP was associated with greater animal comfort post-treatment compared with pre-treatment assessments (p = 0.036). Typically, improvement occurred by one and deterioration by two lameness grades.Conclusion SAP and NAP were not associated with the same treatment outcome. SAP slightly improved but did not alleviate all lameness. Given the non-invasive nature of SAP, this method may have potential in the management of chronic multilimb lameness.
Awareness, Psychological State, and Coping Skills among the Frontline Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Apurva Mittal , Kumar Shishir , Prabhu Santosh , Bhat U Shrinivasa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Frontline doctors managing the current novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic work under stressful conditions due to change in workload, working pattern, and worries about the infection to themselves and families with frequently changing treatment protocols. Their psychological well-being is necessary for the effective management of the health crisis.
Objectives This study aims to assess the psychological state and worries of frontline doctors while dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, the various coping skills employed by them for maintaining their mental health, and the knowledge about illness and related myths and misinformation among them. A further objective is to compare the above between two groups of frontline doctors: the consultants and the junior residents (JR) working in the hospital.
Materials and Methods A total of 164 participants (76 consultants and 88 JRs) were cross-sectionally evaluated online using a prevalidated questionnaire within a period of 3 months after obtaining institutional ethics approval
Statistical Analysis The study sample and results were described using descriptive analysis. The association between the categorical variables was measured using chi-squared test.
Results Most participants frequently updated themselves through reliable sources (consultants = 92%, JR = 73.9%) predominantly from the hospital task force and university. Overall, 71% of consultants and 58% of JRs were worried about being infected. JRs were significantly more worried about the spread of infection due to faulty sterilization of the protective equipment as compared to the consultants (p = 0.031). Most participants were worried about their families getting infected (consultants = 79%, JR =89.8%). Both consultants (18.4%) and JRs (35.2%) had sleep disturbances. Although most did not have syndromal depressive features and COVID-19-related anxiety, tiredness (45.1%) and worrying too much (47.5%) were the most common psychological symptoms. Almost all participants (consultants = 76.3%, JR = 80.7%) used multiple coping styles, such as avoiding thinking about COVID-19, listening to music, and physical activities.
Conclusion Frontline doctors overall reported higher worries regarding their family being infected and protective equipment-related issues, whereas they had less core depressive and anxiety symptoms. They had adequate COVID-19-related awareness and used multiple coping skills.