bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Tumor Therapy With Abdominal Imaging Transducer
Authors: Morrison Ryan G. , Karmacharya Mrigendra B. , Sehgal Chandra M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A diagnostic ultrasound machine add-on module (AOM) was created to enable an off-the-shelf abdominal imaging transducer to perform contrast-enhanced therapeutic ultrasound. The AOM creates plane-wave ultrasound through an abdominal imaging transducer targeting intravascular microbubbles within tumors. This therapeutic antivascular ultrasound (AVUS) causes heating and cavitation effects that destroy tumor vasculature and starves it of nutrients. The AOM can switch between therapeutic and imaging modes for monitoring AVUS treatment. The therapeutic capability of the AOM was validated in murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) grown in adult mice. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging performed before and after the therapeutic treatment evaluated the AVUS response to the treatment. The peak enhancement (PE), perfusion index (PI), and area under the curve (AUC) were measured for the control and AOM treatment groups. The AOM group showed a substantial decrease in these parameters compared to the control group. The difference between the pre- and post-therapy was significant, (p &lt; 0.001) for the AOM group and not significant (p &gt; 0.5) for the control group. Tumor temperatures increased markedly for the AOM group with a thermal dose (CEM43) of 124.8 (±2.5). Histochemical analysis of the excised HCC samples revealed several hemorrhagic pools in tumors from the AOM group, absent in the tumors of the control group. These results demonstrate the theranostic potential of the AOM to induce and monitor vascular disruption within murine tumors.
The Combined Impact of Thermal Radiation and Thermophoresis on Buoyancy-Driven Flow Near an Inclined Porous Plate
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Samaila Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This report presents a similarity solution for the buoyancy-driven flow of viscous incompressible fluid past an inclined porous plate influenced by nonlinear thermal radiation and thermophoresis. The boundary layer equations are reduced to some set of ODEs through similarity variables. Furthermore, the ODEs are converted to IVP through the shooting technique. The numerical solution is obtained through the Runge–Kutta algorithm in Maple software. The impact of the emergence parameters present in the mathematical model is explained through graphs and tables. Results obtained showed that with combined effects of suction/injection and nonlinear thermal radiation, the heat transfer rate is directly proportional to the angle of inclination but inversely proportional to plate shear stress and mass transfer rate. Furthermore, it was observed that the heat transfer rate declines with higher buoyancy force but enhances the plate shear stress. Also, the mass transfer rate could be enhanced with a higher thermophoresis effect. Suction propagates the velocity and temperature profiles whereas it decreases the rate of particle concentration, while the contrast is true for injection. In addition, nonlinear thermal radiation complements the fluid temperature, particle concentration, and fluid transport.
Aquatic Aerobic and Combined Training in Management of Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes and Aquatic Training Study (DATS): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti , Reichert Thais , Bracht Cláudia Gomes , Lisboa Salime Donida Chedid , Marson Elisa Corrêa , Costa Rochelle Rocha , Kanitz Ana Carolina , Bones Vitória , Stein Ricardo , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins 
Published: July 2022

Background: To compare the effects of aquatic aerobic and combined (aerobic more resistance) training on glycemic control and other cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients were randomized to an aquatic aerobic training (AERO, n = 19; 57.5 [7.4] y; 9 [47%] women), or an aquatic combined training (COMBI, n = 19; 60.9 [7.4] y; 10 [53%] women), or an aquatic active procedure control (n = 19; 58.6 [9.7] y; 10 [53%] women) in 3 weekly sessions (50 min each), during 15 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin was the primary outcome, whereas insulin resistance markers, lipid profile, systemic inflammation, renin concentration, blood pressure, physical activity levels, and sitting time were secondary outcomes. Results: Glycated hemoglobin was reduced in all groups (P = .021), although changes were more marked in AERO (−0.36%) and COMBI (−0.44%) than in active control (−0.26%) group. Lipid profile was similarly modified in all groups. Diastolic blood pressure and renin concentration were also reduced in all groups; however, renin showed more marked reductions in AERO (−17.7 uIU/mL) and COMBI (−15.1 uIU/mL) than in active control (0.2 uIU/mL) group. Fasting insulin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, walking time, and sitting time on weekends were not modified. Conclusion: AERO and COMBI presented similar effect to improve glycemic control and some cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
An overview of the main messages from key data on young people’s health in the UK
Authors: Hagell Ann , Wortley Lizzie , McKeown Rachael 
Published: July 2022

Having access to good data on the health of 10–24 year olds is essential for targeting services and improving health outcomes for this age group. We identify the main UK population level data compendiums that include young people, outline some clear messages those data tell us about the state of youth health and suggest what this means for setting priorities for policy and practice.Although 10–24 year olds in the UK are generally in good health, the data reveal some trends that suggest the need for more prevention and early intervention during adolescence and early adulthood to protect their health now, their future health and the health of their own families later down the line. Particular concerns include preventable mortality, mental health trends, rates of obesity and the need to promote self-management of long-term conditions arising in the transition to adulthood.
Clinical course and treatment of archipelago keratitis: aHerpesviridaekeratitis subtype
Authors: Guindolet Damien , Gemahling Anna , Rousseau Antoine , Nguyen Kim Pauline , Azar Georges , Martin Gilles C , Cochereau Isabelle , Labetoulle Marc , Gabison Eric E 
Published: July 2022

PurposeArchipelago keratitis (ApK) is a subtype ofHerpesviridaestromal keratitis that consists of subepithelial nummular inflammatory infiltrates arranged in a radial centripetal pattern. This rare and poorly described form is not often recognised early. We report the first large series of ApK, with an analysis of clinical settings at presentation, evolution of the disease with time and a description of factors associated with recurrence.MethodsThe clinical records of 82 patients (83 eyes) with a diagnosis of ApK between 2011 and 2021 in two centres were reviewed.ResultsThe median age of the 82 patients at referral was 37±28 years. ApK was unilateral in all but one case. A total of 76% of patients had at least one second diagnostic criteria suggesting a herpetic aetiology. Overall, 44 (53%) eyes exhibited least one recurrence after a median of 12 months. Recurrence was frequently associated with neovascularisation (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.9; p=0.02) and tapering corticosteroids (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.1; p<0.01) or valaciclovir use (HR=2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.6; p=0.01). Antiviral treatment was used in all patients, whereas local anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and/or ciclosporin were used in 73 (88%) cases.ConclusionApK is aHerpesviridaestromal keratitis that is typically unilateral in presentation and features a high risk of recurrence. Combined treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs are usually required over the long term. Topical ciclosporin can be useful as a corticosteroid-sparing treatment.
Prediction of visual impairment in retinitis pigmentosa using deep learning and multimodal fundus images
Authors: Liu Tin Yan Alvin , Ling Carlthan , Hahn Leo , Jones Craig K , Boon Camiel JF , Singh Mandeep S 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe efficiency of clinical trials for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) treatment is limited by the screening burden and lack of reliable surrogate markers for functional end points. Automated methods to determine visual acuity (VA) may help address these challenges. We aimed to determine if VA could be estimated using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) imaging and deep learning (DL).MethodsSnellen corrected VA and cSLO imaging were obtained retrospectively. The Johns Hopkins University (JHU) dataset was used for 10-fold cross-validations and internal testing. The Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC) dataset was used for external independent testing. Both datasets had the same exclusion criteria: visually significant media opacities and images not centred on the central macula. The JHU dataset included patients with RP with and without molecular confirmation. The AUMC dataset only included molecularly confirmed patients with RP. Using transfer learning, three versions of the ResNet-152 neural network were trained: infrared (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and combined image (CI).ResultsIn internal testing (JHU dataset, 2569 images, 462 eyes, 231 patients), the area under the curve (AUC) for the binary classification task of distinguishing between Snellen VA 20/40 or better and worse than Snellen VA 20/40 was 0.83, 0.87 and 0.85 for IR, OCT and CI, respectively. In external testing (AUMC dataset, 349 images, 166 eyes, 83 patients), the AUC was 0.78, 0.87 and 0.85 for IR, OCT and CI, respectively.ConclusionsOur algorithm showed robust performance in predicting visual impairment in patients with RP, thus providing proof-of-concept for predicting structure-function correlation based solely on cSLO imaging in patients with RP.
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Schandelmaier Stefan , Kaushal Alka , Lytvyn Lyubov , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Siemieniuk Reed A C , Agoritsas Thomas , Guyatt Gordon H , Vandvik Per O , Couban Rachel , Mollon Brent , Busse Jason W 
Published: July 2022

Objective To determine the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for healing of fracture or osteotomy.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries up to November 2016.Study selection Randomized controlled trials of LIPUS compared with sham device or no device in patients with any kind of fracture or osteotomy.Review methods Two independent reviewers identified studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. A parallel guideline committee (BMJRapid Recommendation) provided input on the design and interpretation of the systematic review, including selection of outcomes important to patients. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results 26 randomized controlled trials with a median sample size of 30 (range 8-501) were included. The most trustworthy evidence came from four trials at low risk of bias that included patients with tibia or clavicle fractures. Compared with control, LIPUS did not reduce time to return to work (percentage difference: 2.7% later with LIPUS, 95% confidence interval 7.7% earlier to 14.3% later; moderate certainty) or the number of subsequent operations (risk ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.16; moderate certainty). For pain, days to weight bearing, and radiographic healing, effects varied substantially among studies. For all three outcomes, trials at low risk of bias failed to show a benefit with LIPUS, while trials at high risk of bias suggested a benefit (interaction P<0.001). When only trials at low risk of bias trials were considered, LIPUS did not reduce days to weight bearing (4.8% later, 4.0% earlier to 14.4% later; high certainty), pain at four to six weeks (mean difference on 0-100 visual analogue scale: 0.93 lower, 2.51 lower to 0.64 higher; high certainty), and days to radiographic healing (1.7% earlier, 11.2% earlier to 8.8% later; moderate certainty).Conclusions Based on moderate to high quality evidence from studies in patients with fresh fracture, LIPUS does not improve outcomes important to patients and probably has no effect on radiographic bone healing. The applicability to other types of fracture or osteotomy is open to debate.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016050965
mHealth-community health worker telemedicine intervention for surgical site infection diagnosis: a prospective study among women delivering via caesarean section in rural Rwanda
Authors: Nkurunziza Theoneste , Williams Wendy , Kateera Fredrick , Riviello Robert , Niyigena Anne , Miranda Elizabeth , Bikorimana Laban , Nkurunziza Jonathan , Velin Lotta , Goodman Andrea S , Matousek Alex , Klug Stefanie J , Gaju Erick , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany L 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSurgical site infections (SSIs) cause a significant global public health burden in low and middle-income countries. Most SSIs develop after patient discharge and may go undetected. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of an mHealth-community health worker (CHW) home-based telemedicine intervention to diagnose SSIs in women who delivered via caesarean section in rural Rwanda.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included women who underwent a caesarean section at Kirehe District Hospital between September 2019 and March 2020. At postoperative day 10 (±3 days), a trained CHW visited the woman at home, provided wound care and transmitted a photo of the wound to a remote general practitioner (GP) via WhatsApp. The GP reviewed the photo and made an SSI diagnosis. The next day, the woman returned to the hospital for physical examination by an independent GP, whose SSI diagnosis was considered the gold standard for our analysis. We describe the intervention process indicators and report the sensitivity and specificity of the telemedicine-based diagnosis.ResultsOf 787 women included in the study, 91.4% (n=719) were located at their home by the CHW and all of them (n=719, 100%) accepted the intervention. The full intervention was completed, including receipt of GP telemedicine diagnosis within 1 hour, for 79.0% (n=623). The GPs diagnosed 30 SSIs (4.2%) through telemedicine and 38 SSIs (5.4%) through physical examination. The telemedicine sensitivity was 36.8% and specificity was 97.6%. The negative predictive value was 96.4%.ConclusionsImplementation of an mHealth-CHW home-based intervention in rural Rwanda and similar settings is feasible. Patients’ acceptance of the intervention was key to its success. The telemedicine-based SSI diagnosis had a high negative predictive value but a low sensitivity. Further studies must explore strategies to improve accuracy, such as accompanying wound images with clinical data or developing algorithms using machine learning.
Effect of home-based interventions on basic activities of daily living for patients who had a stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Ping , Cai Canxin , Chen Xuan , Wei Xijun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving the ability to do basic activities of daily living in patients who had a stroke.MethodsRandomised controlled trials were searched through MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from their inception to 31 December 2021. We included studies involving home-based intervention prescribed by professionals and implemented at patients’ homes. The characteristics of these studies were collected. Risk of bias of individual study was assessed by Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Meta-analyses were performed where studies reported comparable interventions and outcomes.ResultsIn total, 49 studies were included in the systematic review and 16 studies had sufficient data for meta-analyses. The short-term effect of home-based intervention showed no significant difference when compared with institution-based intervention (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.24, 95% CI −0.15 to 0.62, I2=0%). No significant difference was found between home-based intervention and usual care for long-term effect (SMD=0.02; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.22; I2=0%). Home-based rehabilitation combined with usual care showed a significant short-term effect on the ability to do basic daily activities, compared with usual care alone (SMD=0.55; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.87; p=0.001; I2=3%).ConclusionHome-based rehabilitation with usual care, which varied from no therapy to inpatient or outpatient therapy, may have a short-term effect on the ability to do basic activities of daily living for patients who had a stroke compared with usual care alone. However, the evidence quality is low because of the limited number of studies and participants included in the meta-analysis and the possible publication bias. Future research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based rehabilitation in groups with stratification by stroke severity and time since stroke onset, with elaboration of details of the home-based and the control interventions. Moreover, more high-quality studies are required to prove the cost-effectiveness of newly developed strategies like caregiver-mediated rehabilitation and telerehabilitation.The primary source of fundingThe Medical Research Fund of Guangdong Province (No: A2021041).
Herbal supplements in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists’ perspectives and knowledge
Authors: Jalil Banaz , Naser Abdallah Y , M Prieto Jose , Heinrich Michael 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesPharmacists are ideal partners for engaging with the needs and expectations of patients. They can play a vital role by providing information and supplying herbal medicines. In some community settings, pharmacists are also the main first point of care. This study explored Jordanian community pharmacists’ perspectives and knowledge of herbal medicines available in pharmacies.DesignA cross-sectional study using an online survey was developed, and it was distributed via social media platforms. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean knowledge scores between different demographic groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of herbal medicines knowledge.SettingJordanian community pharmacies.Participants401 Jordanian community pharmacists.ResultsHerbal supplements are sold in practically all pharmacies (98.5%). Slimming aids (14.7%), followed by sexual and sports enhancements (14%) and maintaining general health (12.1%) were most requested by Jordanian customers. While supplements for maintaining general health (12%), followed by slimming aids (11.4%) and skin conditions (9.3%) were most recommended by Jordanian pharmacists. 63.1% were not aware of potential herb–drug interactions, 95.6% did not receive complaints from customers about herbal medicines and 41.2% would not report adverse reactions to the national pharmacovigilance services. The mean knowledge score for knowledge of use, regulation, adverse reactions, and drug interactions was 3.7 (SD: 0.7), 3.5 (SD: 0.8), 3.6 (SD: 0.8), and 3.6 (SD: 0.8) (out of 5), respectively. ANOVA test showed that total pharmacists’ knowledge scores significantly differed based on the length of time practising pharmacy (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study highlights some key concerns relating to recommendations, awareness and reporting of herbal medicines among Jordanian community pharmacists. Pharmacists need enhanced education to provide objective and evidence-based information on the benefits–risks of herbal medicines. Future studies need to be carried out to confirm whether our findings are transferable to other Middle Eastern countries.
A workplace organisational intervention to improve hospital nurses’ and physicians’ mental health: study protocol for the Magnet4Europe wait list cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sermeus Walter , Aiken Linda H , Ball Jane , Bridges Jackie , Bruyneel Luk , Busse Reinhard , De Witte Hans , Dello Simon , Drennan Jonathan , Eriksson Lars E , Griffiths Peter , Kohnen Dorothea , Köppen Julia , Lindqvist Rikard , Maier Claudia Bettina , McHugh Matthew D , McKee Martin , Rafferty Anne Marie , Schaufeli Wilmar B , Sloane Douglas M , Alenius Lisa Smeds , Smith Herbert 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe increasing burden of mental distress reported by healthcare professionals is a matter of serious concern and there is a growing recognition of the role of the workplace in creating this problem. Magnet hospitals, a model shown to attract and retain staff in US research, creates positive work environments that aim to support the well-being of healthcare professionals.Methods and analysisMagnet4Europe is a cluster randomised controlled trial, with wait list controls, designed to evaluate the effects of organisational redesign, based on the Magnet model, on nurses’ and physicians’ well-being in general acute care hospitals, using a multicomponent implementation strategy. The study will be conducted in more than 60 general acute care hospitals in Belgium, England, Germany, Ireland, Norway and Sweden. The primary outcome is burnout among nurses and physicians, assessed in longitudinal surveys of nurses and physicians at participating hospitals. Additional data will be collected from them on perceived work environments, patient safety and patient quality of care and will be triangulated with data from medical records, including case mix-adjusted in-hospital mortality. The process of implementation will be evaluated using qualitative data from focus group and key informant interviews.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven, Belgium; additionally, ethics approval is obtained in all other participating countries either through a central or decentral authority. Findings will be disseminated at conferences, through peer-reviewed manuscripts and via social media.Trial registration numberISRCTN10196901.