bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment and bioactivities of polyphenols of crude extract by deep eutectic solvent extraction from foxtail millet bran
Authors: Zheng Bailiang , Ding Yana , Johnson Joel B. , Xiang Jinle , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Youyang , Luo Denglin 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe adsorption and desorption capabilities of eight types of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) for polyphenols from foxtail millet bran (FMB) extract were investigated. The D101 resin demonstrated the highest adsorption and desorption capacity, followed by the AB‐8, DM301 and ADS‐17 resins. The reaction kinetics for the adsorption of FMB polyphenols onto MARs accorded with a pseudo‐first‐order model (R2 > 0.99), with an apparent adsorption rate constant (K) of 1.225 × 10−2 g/mg·min. The adsorption process of FMB polyphenols onto D101 resin could be best described with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 > 0.99). The phenolic fractions were separated using silica gel column chromatography, and their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), anti‐glycosylation activity and acetylcholinesterase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were compared. Fraction 4 had the highest abundance of phenolic compounds, with N′‐p‐coumaroyl‐N″‐feruloylspermidine (461.65 ± 0.79 μg/g) and N′,N″‐di‐feruloylspermidine (578.46 ± 2.56 μg/g) being the predominant phenolics, the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and anti‐glycosylation activity. Fraction 5 contained the highest apigenin‐C‐dihexoside, and therefore showed the best performance of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. Fractions 4 and 5 displayed high antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and anti‐diabetic potential, indicating that these two fractions should be targeted for further high‐value utilisation of free polyphenols from FMB.
Effects of deep frying vegetable oils rich in PUFAs on gut microbiota in rats
Authors: Ruan Mengcheng , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Xuemei , Zhou Ruijie , Zhang Shijie , Tian Yu , Li Xueyin , Li Na , Liu Zhiguo , Zhu Rui , Wang Hualin 
Published: October 2022

SummaryVegetable oils rich in PUFAs are widely used in daily cooking and food industry, and PUFAs could be utilised by gut microbiota and present prebiotic effects. However, PUFAs are unstable in high‐temperature cooking like frying. In the current study, we aimed to explore the influence of thermally oxidised oils rich in PUFA on gut microbiota. Two vegetable oils: omega‐3 alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA)‐rich perilla oil or omega‐6 linoleic acid‐rich sunflower oil were heated at 180 °C for 10 h, and then fed to male SD rats for 14 weeks. Administration of heated perilla oil dramatically increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a recent identified probiotics which may weaken intestinal mucus barrier, and inhibited the expression of several tight junction‐related genes including occludin and claudin‐1 in colon. Consumption of thermally oxidised sunflower oil stimulated the proliferation of Bifidobacterium. Our findings suggested that thermally processing has complicated effects on the prebiotic effects of vegetable oils rich in PUFAs, and perilla oil fried foods may be potential sources to stimulate Akkermansia proliferation in gut.
Chilo suppressalis heat shock proteins are regulated by heat shock factor 1 during heat stress
Authors: Dong Chuan‐Lei , Feng Zhu , Lu Ming‐Xing , Du Yu‐Zhou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeat shock factor 1 (HSF1) functions to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis by regulating the expression of target genes, including those encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the present study, the gene encoding HSF1 was cloned from the rice pest Chilo suppressalis, and designated Cshsf1. The deduced protein product, CsHSF1, contained conserved domains typical of the HSF1 family, including a DNA‐binding domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat domains, and a C‐terminal transactivation domain. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that Cshsf1 was highly expressed in hemocytes. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsf1 was most highly expressed in male adults. RNAi‐mediated silencing of Cshsf1 expression reduced C. suppressalis survival at high temperatures. To investigate the regulatory interactions between Cshsf1 and Cshsps, the promoters and expression patterns of 18 identified Cshsps in C. suppressalis were analysed; four types of heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in promoter regions including canonical, tail–tail, head–head, and step/gap. The expression of Cshsp19.0, Cshsp21.7B, Cshsp60, Cshsp70 and Cshsp90 was positively regulated by Cshsf1; however, Cshsp22.8, Cshsp702, Cshsp705 and Cshsp706 gene expression was not altered. This study provides a foundation for future studies of HSF1 in insects during thermal stress.
Pediatric nurse‐sensitive outcomes: A systematic review of international literature
Authors: Amatt Natalie G. , Marufu Takawira C. , Boardman Rachel , Reilly Lesley , Manning Joseph C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse‐sensitive outcomes are measures for improvement and evaluation of the quality of nursing care delivered. The specific outcomes that need to be measured will be determined by the patient population, as well as the field and scope of practice, in which nursing care is being delivered. Currently, there is no internationally agreed upon set of nurse‐sensitive outcomes for pediatric nursing, which provides specialist care to infants, children, and young people.AimTo identify and evaluate nurse‐sensitive outcomes for pediatric nursing.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases (British Nursing Index, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and EMCARE) were searched in the period up to February 2022. Studies were selected for inclusion using title and abstract screening using predetermined criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used for quality assessment. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed.ResultsA total of 633 studies were identified from online searches, with 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies had moderate to high methodological strength. A total of 57 nurse‐sensitive outcomes were identified from all included studies. Using the nurse‐sensitive outcome conceptual analysis framework, 25 (45%) of the items were classified as outcome attributes, 20 (35%) as process attributes, and 13 (23%) as structure attributes. The most frequently reported nurse‐sensitive outcomes included pressure ulcers, nosocomial infections, hospital‐acquired infections, peripheral intravenous infiltration, failure to rescue, and staffing levels.ConclusionsThis review provides an up‐to‐date and comprehensive list of nurse‐sensitive outcomes for use in pediatric nursing and describes their frequency of use. However, further work is required to achieve consensus for an international core nurse‐sensitive outcome set for pediatric nursing with policy recommendations to ensure agreed‐upon minimum standards.Implications for nursing and health policyPolicy initiatives and guideline recommendations on nurse‐sensitive outcome frameworks as part of patient safety should be a part of key priorities for policy makers. The commonly reported nurse‐sensitive outcomes should be incorporated into daily bedside pediatric clinical nursing practice as a mechanism to evaluate and improve the quality of care, enhancement of patient safety, and better outcomes.
Influence of composition on structural evolution of high‐entropy zirconates—cationic radius ratio and atomic size difference
Authors: Hutterer Patrick , Lepple Maren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTen different high‐entropy rare‐earth zirconates with the general formula of A2Zr2O7 were synthesized using reverse coprecipitation. Thereby, five cations were mixed on the A sublattice, and their composition was varied systematically regarding cation size to vary the cationic radius ratio rA/rB and the atomic size difference δA. Phase and chemical composition as well as morphology of the synthesized materials were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. Additionally, their phase stability was investigated using high‐temperature XRD and differential scanning calorimetry. Single‐phase materials were obtained when δA was below 4.5%. This threshold value was determined and verified using additional data taken from literature. The single‐phase compositions formed pyrochlore or defect fluorite structure depending on their rA/rB with a threshold value of 1.46 being the same as for binary zirconates. Furthermore, the single‐phase compositions remained stable up to high temperatures.
Parasites and prey of the nursehound sharkScyliorhinus stellaris(Linnaeus, 1758): Insights into hidden trophic web interactions in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Santoro Mario , Bellisario Bruno , Fernández‐Álvarez Fernando Ángel , Crocetta Fabio , Palomba Marialetizia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe metazoan parasite community and the stomach contents of the nursehound sharkScyliorhinus stellarisfrom the Gulf of Naples (central Mediterranean Sea) were studied. The nursehound shark harboured a poor parasite community composed of a species of gill monogenean (Hexabothrium appendiculatum) and three intestinal cestode taxa (Acanthobothrium coronatumand two unidentified species of the generaYamaguticestusandScyphophyllidium), all represented by adult stages. Hosts were mostly parasitized by individuals ofA. coronatum, which was the most abundant species and contributed to almost 80% of the total number of parasites found. Conversely, other trophically transmitted parasites (i.e.,Yamaguticestussp. andScyphophyllidiumsp.) showed low prevalence and abundance. The parasite infracommunity was poor, showing low values of species richness, total mean abundance, and diversity indices. Overall, 52 prey items belonging to 13 taxa were identified in the stomach contents. Cephalopods were the most important prey items (represented by nine taxa) and the most diverse and abundant group. In the multivariate space provided by a principal component of mixed data (PCAmix), nursehound sharks distributed along two main axes, related to individual traits (first axis) and stomach contents (including empty ones, second axis). A logistic regression based on the first two axes of the PCAmix showed a significant influence of host individual traits and, to a lesser extent, of stomach contents, regarding the probability of being infected byA. coronatum. Alongside specific traits already associated with parasites transmission, our results highlight the importance of cephalopods in transferring cestode infections through trophic web interactions in the top‐predator nursehound shark.
Single centre retrospective review of outcome of 177Lu‐DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the treatment of progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumours: Survival, toxicity, and prognostic factors
Authors: Alsadik Shahad , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Chen Luohai , Quigley Ann‐Marie , Mandair Dalvinder , Toumpanakis Christos , Caplin Martyn , Navalkissoor Shaunak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 177Lu‐DOTATATE therapy in advanced metastatic disease. A retrospective analysis of 395 patients (180 female, 215 males, mean age 62) with progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) who were treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE was performed. Overall, 115 patients had less than four cycles and 280 completed four cycles of treatment. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Analysis of survival predictors was performed using Cox regression model. Toxicity was defined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5 (CTCAE 5.0). The percentage of patients with liver and skeletal metastases were 91 and 57%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were calculated at 33 months (95% CI: 29–37 months) and 46 months (95% CI: 48–56 months), respectively. End of treatment response assessment was performed using cross sectional imaging demonstrated partial response in 22%, stable disease in 64% and progressive disease in 14% of patients. Overall, grade 3 and 4 bone marrow toxicity was seen in 8%. One patient (0.3%) developed irreversible grade 4 nephrotoxicity. Myelodysplastic disease was recorded in one patient (0.3%). Univariate analysis of PFS predictors showed that body mass index (BMI), baseline chromogranin A (CgA) >400 ng/l, baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >130 mg/dl, liver tumour volume and overall tumour burden were significant. On multivariate analysis only Ki67, high CgA and low BMI retained significance. 177Lu‐DOTATATE is an effective treatment in advanced NETs with generally high‐volume metastases. It is well‐tolerated. Ki‐67, CgA and BMI appear to be predictors for PFS.
Case of anti‐NT5c1A antibody‐seropositive inclusion body myositis associated with severe dysphagia and prominent forearm weakness
Authors: Matsui Naoko , Takahara Mika , Yamazaki Hiroki , Takamatsu Naoko , Osaki Yusuke , Kaji Ryuji , Nishino Ichizo , Yamashita Satoshi , Izumi Yuishin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a case of an 82‐year‐old woman with inclusion body myositis (IBM), who presented with severe dysphagia, finger flexor weakness, and respiratory dysfunction. In addition, the patient showed prominent forearm weakness with quadriceps sparing and was seropositive for the anti‐cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (NT5c1A) antibody. The presence of the anti‐NT5c1A antibody is presumably associated with dysphagia. We speculate that the anti‐NT5c1A antibody is associated with the large discrepancy between distal upper limb weakness and proximal lower limb weakness in IBM.
Critical water contents at leaf, stem and root level leading to irreversible drought‐induced damage in two woody and one herbaceous species
Authors: Trifilò Patrizia , Abate Elisa , Petruzzellis Francesco , Azzarà Maria , Nardini Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant water content is a simple and promising parameter for monitoring drought‐driven plant mortality risk. However, critical water content thresholds leading to cell damage and plant failure are still unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether whole‐plant or a specific organ water content is the most reliable indicator of mortality risk. We assessed differences in dehydration thresholds in leaf, stem and root samples, hampering the organ‐specific rehydration capacity and increasing the mortality risk. We also tested eventual differences between a fast experimental dehydration of uprooted plants, compared to long‐term water stress induced by withholding irrigation in potted plants. We investigated three species with different growth forms and leaf habits i.e., Helianthus annuus (herbaceous), Populus nigra (deciduous tree) and Quercus ilex (evergreen tree). Results obtained by the two dehydration treatments largely overlapped, thus validating bench dehydration as a fast but reliable method to assess species‐specific critical water content thresholds. Regardless of the organ considered, a relative water content value of 60% induced significant cell membrane damage and loss of rehydration capacity, thus leading to irreversible plant failure and death.
Scaffolding knowledge
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article I argue that often propositional knowledge is acquired and retained by extensive reliance on physical and social scaffolds that create an environment or niche conducive to knowledge. It is incumbent on epistemologists to subject these aids to epistemic assessments. I show that several of the activities involved in the creation of niches within which inquiry can thrive are carried out by whole cultures. New generations benefit from inheriting these niches whilst being able to improve upon them to the advantage of their descendants. Finally, I highlight that the growth of human epistemic achievements is often due to increased outsourcing of cognitive effort and epistemic powers onto impersonal physical and social structures so that human beings can succeed more by contributing less to the solution of problems.
Online non‐technical skills faculty training
Authors: Phillips Emma Claire , Hamilton Ailsa Lauren , Clarke Ben , Kerins Joanne , Tallentire Victoria Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Medical Students Non‐Technical Skills (Medi‐StuNTS) system is a behavioural marker system (BMS) designed to identify and debrief non‐technical skills (NTS) for medical students during immersive simulation. Educators must be adequately trained in using the BMS. This study aimed to design and implement an online platform to deliver a faculty development course on using Medi‐StuNTS and evaluate the feasibility of this platform in training faculty to identify and debrief NTS.ApproachThe online platform was developed by faculty with expertise in NTS, based on guidance for faculty training programme requirements and the multimodal model for online education. Content was arranged in modules, using presentations, videos of simulation scenarios and interactive discussion boards.EvaluationFifteen participants completed the course and feedback over a two‐month period. A feedback form was completed to assess feasibility, based on a feasibility framework. The areas of focus were acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, integration, expansion and limited efficacy. Feedback indicated that the course shows promise in improving the ability of faculty to identify and debrief NTS.ImplicationsThe platform was successfully developed and implemented and was able to reach a national audience due to its online nature. Specific strengths include increased flexibility and accessibility compared to in‐person training. Feasibility assessment suggests that this newly developed online platform can work as an effective method for faculty development in order to increase skills in identifying and debriefing NTS using Medi‐StuNTS. Future work will focus on expansion of the online platform and dissemination to an international audience.
Single muscle fibre contractile function with ageing
Authors: Grosicki Gregory J. , Zepeda Carlos S. , Sundberg Christopher W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgeing is accompanied by decrements in the size and function of skeletal muscle that compromise independence and quality of life in older adults. Developing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate these changes is critical but requires an in‐depth mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiology. Over the past 25 years, studies on the contractile mechanics of isolated human muscle fibres have been instrumental in facilitating our understanding of the cellular mechanisms contributing to age‐related skeletal muscle dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to characterize the changes that occur in single muscle fibre size and contractile function with ageing and identify key areas for future research. Surprisingly, most studies observe that the size and contractile function of fibres expressing slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) I are well‐preserved with ageing. In contrast, there are profound age‐related decrements in the size and contractile function of the fibres expressing the MHC II isoforms. Notably, lifelong aerobic exercise training is unable to prevent most of the decrements in fast fibre contractile function, which have been implicated as a primary mechanism for the age‐related loss in whole‐muscle power output. These findings reveal a critical need to investigate the effectiveness of other nutritional, pharmaceutical or exercise strategies, such as lifelong resistance training, to preserve fast fibre size and function with ageing. Moreover, integrating single fibre contractile mechanics with the molecular profile and other parameters important to contractile function (e.g. phosphorylation of regulatory proteins, innervation status, mitochondrial function, fibre economy) is necessary to comprehensively understand the ageing skeletal muscle phenotype.
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Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor-Squeeze Film Damper-Support System Excited by Base Harmonic Excitations Using MHB-AFT Method
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Xi , Xiang Fengguang , Gan Xiaohua , Ren Guangming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When operating at high speed, aeroengines mounted on the aircrafts also perform complicated maneuvering flights along with the aircrafts. The engine rotor systems will undergo forced motions excited by base movements and mass unbalance, which may lead to severe vibrations. Squeeze film damper (SFD) is generally used for vibration damping in aeroengine, but it also introduces structural nonlinearity like bistable jump. Moreover, the reliability of SFD is also affected by base excitations. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotor-SFD-support system excited by base motions. Taking a muti-disk rotor shaft supported by two SFDs with squirrel cages as the research object to simulate a gas generator in a turboshaft engine, the steady-state responses of the rotor system were calculated by multidimensional harmonic balance combined with alternating frequency/time domain method (MHB-AFT). The effects of base harmonic rotations and mass unbalance on steady-state responses of rotor system were investigated. The results indicate that the time-varying parametric excitations of base motions have strong effects on amplitude–frequency response of transverse displacement of rotor system. The critical speeds and resonant amplitudes of responses change with the magnitude and frequency of several base harmonic rotations. The variation of the frequency of base harmonic motion has the most significant impact on the amplitude–frequency response of transverse displacement of rotor system. The increase of base harmonic frequency will lead to multiple local peaks in the response curves, especially in the case of base harmonic rolling motion. In addition, the combination of base harmonic rotation around pitching and yawing axes results in significantly different response characteristics. Therefore, the influence of base harmonic motions should be considered during the structural design and damping optimization of SFDs.