Abstract 959: Non-junctional connexin43 complexing with microtubules promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sorayya Aryo , Wheeler Christina , Deaver Stacie , Young Kenneth , Zeitz Michael , Smyth James , Lamouille Samy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal process of embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, and wound healing. During EMT, epithelial cells lose apical-basal polarity, remodel intercellular junctions, and acquire migratory and invasive abilities as they become mesenchymal. Pathologically, EMT has been demonstrated to contribute to intravasation of metastatic tumor cells into the vasculature. Among the activators of EMT, TGF-β has been shown to be most prevalent and is sufficient for experimental induction of EMT. Gap junctions, comprising connexin proteins, allow direct mechanical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells, and represent a major intercellular structure altered during EMT. Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that has been implicated as both a tumor suppressor and enhancer depending on cancer stage. Our previous work revealed that despite losses in Cx43 gap junctions during EMT, mRNA and cytosolic levels of Cx43 protein increased. Such a shift of Cx43 to cytoplasmic pools has previously been observed in cancer progression and research suggests that non-junctional Cx43 can regulate the cytoskeleton, including microtubule stability. The C-terminus of Cx43 encompasses a tubulin binding domain which, while implicated in Cx43 trafficking, remains functionally poorly understood. We have identified a tumorigenic role for non-junctional Cx43 through its interaction with microtubules in glioma cancer stem cells. This led us to hypothesize that increased cytosolic Cx43 during EMT promotes Cx43-microtubule interaction to facilitate mobility and invasion of metastatic cancer cells. Using several independent TGF-β-induced EMT models, we observe increased complexing of Cx43 and microtubules during EMT by super-resolution microscopy. To study the role of Cx43 interaction with microtubules during EMT, we generated Cx43 harboring mutations in the tubulin binding domain which were ectopically expressed by adenoviral transduction in Cx43 knockout CRISPR/Cas9 epithelial cells. We find these Cx43 mutants fail to interact with microtubules compared to wild-type Cx43. Turning to TGF-β-induced EMT, ablation of the Cx43/microtubules interaction with these mutants is sufficient to decrease expression of mesenchymal markers and inhibit cell migration. We are currently investigating the effects of disrupting Cx43/microtubule complexing in vivo with a breast cancer mouse model to further elucidate effects on tumor progression and metastasis. Given the complex relationship between connexins and cancer progression, our findings support targeting this pathological ‘non-junctional’ Cx43 population specifically to limit metastatic disease, as Cx43 gap junction function is critical to normal tissue function and contributes to tumor suppression.
Citation Format: Aryo Sorayya, Christina Wheeler, Stacie Deaver, Kenneth Young, Michael Zeitz, James Smyth, Samy Lamouille. Non-junctional connexin43 complexing with microtubules promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 959.