bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses in thermal tolerance and daily activity rhythm to urban stress in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Sato Ayame , Takahashi Yuma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCities experience changes in abiotic factors, such as warming, increases in noise and light. These changes can lead to phenotypic changes. Several studies have revealed that altered environments change phenotypes in plants and animals in cities. However, limited studies have isolated evolutionary from nongenetic changes. Here, we analyzed the evolution of thermal tolerance and diurnal activity patterns in the urban population of the fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii. Urban and rural isofemale lines were reared under constant conditions. We compared the lower and upper thermal limits (CTmin and CTmax, respectively), and effects of temperature exposure on the thermal limits of urban and rural populations. Common garden experiments showed that urban populations exhibit a lower CTmin than rural populations, suggesting genetic difference in CTmin among populations. On the other hand, the difference in CTmax between urban and rural populations was not significant. Exposure to cold temperature did not affect CTmin in both urban and rural populations. In contrast, exposure to hot temperature increased CTmax especially in urban population, suggesting that urban populations evolved in response to urban heat. We also investigated the daily activity patterns of urban and rural populations and the effect of lifelong artificial light at night on daily activity. We found that night‐time light (dim light) reduced the total amount of activity compared to dark night condition. In addition, dim light at night altered the daily rhythm of activity and increased the activity rate at night. The effect of night light on total activity was less in urban than that in rural populations, suggesting that populations in cities evolved to mitigate decreased activity under night light. Our results showed that environmental temperature and artificial light at night evolutionarily and plastically influence ecologically important traits, such as temperature tolerance and diurnal activity.
Prospective multicenter cohort study of possible psychogenic nonepileptic seizure cases—Results at 1‐year follow‐up examinations
Authors: Kanemoto Kousuke , Tadokoro Yukari , Motooka Hiromichi , Kawasaki Jun , Horinouchi Toru , Tsuji Tomikimi , Fukuchi Toshihiko , Tomohiro Oshima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe primary purpose of this prospective multicenter study was to examine clinical and demographic feature differences according to the diagnostic level of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and then clarify whether prognosis may also differ accordingly.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐two consecutive patients strongly suspected of having PNES attacks were invited to participate, of whom 52 did not consent or contact was lost. At the 1‐year follow‐up examination, PNES diagnosis was reconsidered in nine patients. In 96 patients, the diagnostic level remained the same (P‐group), with that in 43 considered to be clinically established (CE‐group) and in 42 documented (D‐group). The Qolie‐10 and NDDI‐E questionnaires were examined at both the study entry and the follow‐up examination.ResultsMultiple regression analysis of quality of life (QoL) score (n = 173; R2 = 0.374; F = 7.349; P < 0.001) revealed NDDI‐E score (t = −6.402; P < 0.001), age of PNES onset (t = −3.026; P = 0.003), and ethnic minority status (t = 3.068; P = 0.003) as significant contributors. At entry, the P‐group showed the lowest PNES attack frequency (P < 0.000), the lowest rate of antiseizure, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medication (P < 0.000; P = 0.031; P = 0.013, respectively), and the lowest proportion of psychosis (P = 0.046). At follow‐up, PNES attack frequency (P < 0.000), number of admittances to emergency room (P < 0.000), and scores for QoL (P < 0.000) as well as depression (P = 0.004) were found to be significantly improved together with other collateral indicators, such as rate of antiseizure medication prescription (P = 0.001) and psychiatric symptoms (P = 0.03). Multiple regression analysis of a sample limited to patients with intellectual disability (ID) (n = 44; R2 = 0.366; F = 4.493; P = 0.002) revealed continued psychotherapy at follow‐up (t = 2.610, P = 0.013) and successful reduction in antiseizure medication (t = 2.868; P = 0.007) as positively related with improved QoL.SignificanceClinical and the socio‐psychological constellation of possible, clinically established, and documented PNES were found to differ greatly. Unexpectedly, significant effects of the continuous psychotherapeutic intervention were confirmed in PNES patients with ID.
Reproductive outcomes of neonatal exposure to betamethasone in male and female rats
Authors: Figueiredo Thamiris Moreira , de Barros Jorge Willian Franco , dos Santos Borges Cibele , Pacheco Tainá Louise , de Lima Rosa Josiane , Anselmo‐Franci Janete Aparecida , Kempinas Wilma De Grava 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBetamethasone (BM) is the drug of choice for antenatal corticosteroid therapy for women at risk of preterm delivery because it induces fetal lung maturation and enhances survival after birth. However, our group reported evidence of fetal programming and impaired reproductive development and function in rats exposed during the critical window of genital system development. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of BM on the sexual development of rats in the period that corresponds to antenatal corticosteroid therapy in humans. Male and female rats were exposed subcutaneously to BM at 0.1 μg/g of pups' body weight or to a NaCl 0.9% solution (control) on postnatal days 1–3. It was observed that neonatal exposure to BM decreased body weight and weight gain in male and female rats during treatment. The estrous cycle was deregulated and LH level was decreased in female rats. In male rats, the sperm concentration in the caput–corpus of the epididymis was decreased, whereas the sperm transit time and sperm concentration in the cauda of the epididymis were increased. Our results demonstrated that neonatal exposure to BM impaired body growth of male and female rats, deregulated the estrous cycle of female rats, and altered sperm quality of male rats. Therefore, BM exposure from postnatal days 1 to 3 corroborated results previously observed after prenatal exposure to this drug. Despite the recognized importance of human antenatal corticosteroid therapy, the findings of this study should encourage further studies in order to minimize possible adverse postnatal effects.
Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India
Authors: Tandale Babasaheb V. , Khude Poornima M. , Deshmukh Pravin S. , Narang Rahul , Qazi Mohiuddin S. , Padmaja Goteti V. , Jain Manish , Jain Dipty , Guduru Vijay Kumar , Deshmukh Pradeep R. , Raut Abhishek V. , Narlawar Uday W. , Jha Punam Kumari , Rajderkar Shekhar S. ,   Japanese Encephalitis Epidemiology Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractJapanese encephalitis (JE) disease among children continues in central India despite vaccination implemented in the routine immunization program. Therefore, we planned to estimate the JE vaccination effectiveness among children by undertaking a 1:2 individually‐matched population‐based case‐control study from August 2018 to October 2020. The laboratory‐confirmed JE cases aged 1–15 years were enrolled along with neighborhood controls without fever and encephalitis matched on the residence area, age and sex. The JE vaccination history was enquired from parents and verified independently from the vaccination cards available at home and records at health facilities. We enrolled 35 JE cases and 70 matched controls. The vaccination effectiveness of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.8–94.7) was estimated on the per‐protocol analysis of 31 case‐control sets. The screening method provided an effectiveness of 89.5% (CI: 78.9–94.7) on using the population vaccination coverage of 90% reported earlier in the same area. In conclusion, JE vaccination offered a moderate level of protection among children in JE medium‐endemic central India, similar to reports from high‐endemic areas in India. The operational aspects of vaccination program implementation need to be evaluated to assess the impact of vaccination on the disease burden of JE in medium‐endemic regions of India.
Five‐year survival outcomes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma following transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Turner Brooke , MacKay Colin , Taylor S. Mark , Rigby Matthew Hall 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the 5‐year survival outcomes of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral laser microsurgery at our institution.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study of all cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer or clinically unknown primaries diagnosed at our institution between September 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019, treated with primary transoral laser microsurgery were analyzed. Patients with a previous history of head and neck radiation were excluded from analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to estimate 5‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, local control, and recurrence free survival rates in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsOf 142 patients identified, 135 met criteria and were included in the survival analysis. Five‐year local control rates in p16 positive and negative disease were 99.2% and 100%, respectively, with one locoregional failure in the p16 positive cohort. Five‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and recurrence free survival in p16 positive disease were 91%, 95.2%, and 87% respectively (n = 124). Five‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and recurrence free survival in p16 negative disease were 39.8%, 58.3%, and 60%, respectively (n = 11). The permanent gastrostomy tube rate was 1.5% and zero patients received a tracheostomy at the time of surgery. One patient (0.74%) required a return to the OR for a post‐operative pharyngeal bleed.ConclusionTransoral laser microsurgery is a safe primary treatment option for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with high 5‐year survival outcomes, notably in p16 positive disease. More randomized trials are needed to compare survival outcomes and associated morbidity in transoral laser microsurgery compared to treatment with primary chemoradiation.Level of Evidence3
Analytical approach for calculation of aperture efficiency enhancement of horn antennas using a thin metal cylinder
Authors: Ordek Sezgin , Kizilay Ahmet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to increase horn antenna gain and aperture efficiency in a way that are compatible with aperture electric field distribution similar to TE10 rectangular waveguide mode using analytical calculation method. The proposed analytical approach can be useful to calculate the performance of a horn antenna design with thin (r«λ) perfect electric conductor (PEC) cylinder placed on the antenna aperture dividing H‐plane. In the analytical solution, the aperture field distribution is obtained by solving the electromagnetic scattering from an infinitely long cylinder placed in front of the aperture. This structure not only improves the aperture electric field amplitude distribution but also corrects phase errors in the horn antenna. An X‐band pyramid horn antenna is manufactured by using three‐dimensional (3‐D) printer and coated with aluminum tape. The measurement results of the 3‐D printed antenna are also compared with the simulation results. The antenna gain is measured with and without the PEC cylinder on the aperture. It is found that, the antenna gain is increased by 1 dB. The results of the proposed analytical calculation method are compared with the simulation and measurement results and justified.
2‐step process for 5.4% CuGaSe2 solar cell using fluorine doped tin oxide transparent back contacts
Authors: Thomere Angélica , Placidi Marcel , Guc Maxim , Tiwari Kunal , Fonoll‐Rubio Robert , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Perez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Li‐Kao Zacharie Jehl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs single‐junction solar cells are approaching theoretical limits, multijunction solar cells are becoming increasingly relevant, and low‐cost wider bandgap light harvesters in tandem with silicon are the next frontier in thin film photovoltaic research. Cu‐based chalcogenide compounds have achieved great success as standard absorbers, but performance for bandgaps above 1.5 eV is still lacking. Additionally, the use of transparent back contacts remains challenging for this class of materials. In this work, we report on the fabrication of wide bandgap CuGaSe2 absorbers by a combination of metallic sputtering and reactive thermal annealing grown on transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide‐coated glass substrate. The annealing temperature is carefully tuned in regard to material and photovoltaic device properties. The introduction of an ultrathin Mo interlayer at the CuGaSe2/back interface favors a higher contact's ohmicity and results in an important improvement of all figures of merit. A record conversion efficiency of 5.4% is obtained, which is the highest value reported for this class of absorber on transparent back contact. Fundamental material characterization of the as‐grown CuGaSe2 films reveals a better homogeneity in Cu distribution throughout the absorber's thickness when using a Mo interlayer, along with an enhanced crystalline quality. The sub‐bandgap transparency of the final device remains perfectible, and improvement pathways are proposed using transfer matrix‐based optical modeling, suggesting to use more specular interfaces to enhance optical transmission.
Communicating for workplace connection: A longitudinal study of the outcomes of listening training on teachers' autonomy, psychological safety, and relational climate
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Weinstein Netta , Vinokur Eli , Yomtovian Avinoam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraining teachers to listen may enable them to experience increasingly attentive and open peer relationships at work. In the present research, we examined the outcomes of a year‐long listening training on school teachers' listening abilities and its downstream consequences on their relational climate, autonomy, and psychological safety. Teachers in two elementary schools engaged in a similar listening training program throughout the entire school year. The measures included indicators of a supportive relational climate that are known to be important to teacher well‐being, namely, autonomy, psychological safety, and relational energy. Results of growth curve modeling showed linear increases in all three outcomes, such that more listening training corresponded to a more positive relational climate. Specifically, the teachers reported increasingly higher quality listening from their group‐member teachers, felt more autonomy‐satisfied, psychologically safe, and relationally energetic. Furthermore, latent growth curve modeling indicated that the teachers' listening perception was positively and significantly associated with all three outcomes. We concluded that listening training is associated with teachers perceiving higher quality listening from their peers and, therefore, feeling more autonomy satisfied, psychologically safe, and relationally energetic and discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Correction on link relative based approach to CUSUM chart
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Khoo Michael B. C. , Nayab Ayesha , Zafar Raja Fawad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLink relative‐based approach was used in an article (see reference 1) to enhance the performance of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart. This technique involves the use of firstly, the link relative variable to convert the process observations in a relative to the mean form and secondly, optimal constants to define a new variable which is used as the plotting statistic of the link relative CUSUM chart. In this article, it is proven through simulation study that the optimal constants with fixed values, as reported in the aforementioned article, give different results. Instead, if the regression technique is used, then the same results will be obtained.
Agricultural Land Degradation in the Czech Republic
Authors: Zumr David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil degradation has been identified as a major threat to the productivity of agricultural land. In the Czech Republic, soils are threatened primarily by water and wind erosion, but compaction, loss of organic matter, loss of soil structure stability, pollution and over-fertilization, loss of biodiversity, and soil sealing are also major concerns. Poor soil health results in many off-site effects such as surface water siltation, groundwater pollution, loss of biodiversity in the countryside, and decreasing crop yields. The Czech agricultural landscape is characterized by large fields with a very small number of interrupting elements such as furrows, paths, or balks and the crop structure is rather uniform. The state has a history of land collectivization which first took place during the twentieth century. The ongoing intensive and unsustainable industrial farming, which is often focused more on high yields of certain economically valuable crops rather than the environment, speeds up soil degradation. These problems are fortunately recognized by the stakeholders, legal authorities, and the public. There has been significant debate on sustainable landscape management and agricultural practices, and many positive examples already exist in the Czech Republic.
A Solar Off-Grid Software: The Making of Infrastructures, Markets and Consumers ‘Beyond Energy’
Authors: Riedke Eva 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRiedke engages with the processes of digitization that accompany the selling of solar off-grid products to the so-called ‘unelectrified poor’. The chapter draws attention to how the selling of solar goes hand in hand with the establishment of people’s ‘credit worthiness’, aimed at advancing financial inclusion in markets beyond solar. From an ethnographic perspective, the chapter engages with a German-Kenyan solar start-up and a software it has designed to manage sales processes to keep track of current and future customers. Exploring the details of this software, the chapter contributes to our understanding of how solar power is provided to meet a basic need, a most basic level of human well-being, but simultaneously also to form new consumer subjects for new markets.
Contested Energy Futures in Hokkaido: Speculating with European Renewable Energy Models
Authors: St-Pierre Emile 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Japanese government has been drawing on the experiences and technologies of European countries to plan out its own development of a more interconnected, digitised society based on renewable energy. However, on the northern island of Hokkaido, local producers and proponents of renewable energy have been using the European models to argue for their own version of local ownership and independence, a trend accelerated by a powerful earthquake that caused a wide blackout in 2018. Biogas producers are notable for creating new digital and multispecies arrangements of sharing excess heat from the production process. These material experiments offer the possibility of speculating about a different energy future that includes the digital while mitigating the abstractions of modern infrastructure.
Existence and Uniqueness of Maximal Solutions to a 3D Navier-Stokes Equation with Stochastic Lie Transport
Authors: Goodair Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present here a criterion to conclude that an abstract SPDE possesses a unique maximal strong solution, which we apply to a three dimensional Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equation. Motivated by the work of Kato and Lai we ask that there is a comparable result here in the stochastic case whilst facilitating a variety of noise structures such as additive, multiplicative and transport. In particular our criterion is designed to fit viscous fluid dynamics models with Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) as introduced in Holm (Proc R Soc A: Math Phys Eng Sci 471(2176):20140963, 2015). Our application to the Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation matches the existence and uniqueness result of the deterministic theory. This short work summarises the results and announces two papers (Crisan et al., Existence and uniqueness of maximal strong solutions to nonlinear SPDEs with applications to viscous fluid models, in preparation; Crisan and Goodair, Analytical properties of a 3D stochastic Navier-Stokes equation, 2022, in preparation) which give the full details for the abstract well-posedness arguments and application to the Navier-Stokes Equation respectively.
Vorbereitung auf ein Physiklehren in der digitalen Welt: Weiterentwicklung eines lehramtsspezifischen Elektronikpraktikums
Authors: Andersen Jasmin , Block Dietmar , Neumann Irene , Neumann Knut , Volker Arne 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer digitale Wandel stellt Lehrkräfte im Unterricht vor neue Anforderungen. Insbesondere Physiklehrkräfte müssen für das schulische Experimentieren nicht nur spezifische Messtechnik und Software nutzen können, sondern auch Grundkenntnisse des Programmierens beherrschen. Hinzu kommt, dass die (Physik-)Lehrkräfte sich in kurzen Zeitspannen immer wieder selbstständig neue digitale Technologien erschließen müssen. In diesem Buchkapitel wird das neu konzipierte lehramtsspezifische Elektronikpraktikum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgestellt, in dem Physiklehramtsstudierende am Beispiel des Mikrocontrollers Arduino neben den Grundlagen der Elektronik auch diese digitalen Kompetenzen für ihre spätere Lehrtätigkeit entwickeln sollen. Durch die Begleitforschung im Design-based-Research-Ansatz konnte eine Reihe an konsistenten Indizien gesammelt werden, welche die Konzeption des lehramtsspezifischen Elektronikpraktikums stützen. Eine explorativ angelegte Interviewstudie zeigt, dass die Studierenden die wahrgenommene Relevanz aus einer schulpraktischen Perspektive beurteilen, Lerninhalte zur Förderung digitaler Kompetenzen erfolgreich integriert werden konnten und das Einüben selbstständigen Arbeitens das Selbstvertrauen der Studierenden fördert, sich in neue digitale Technologien einzuarbeiten.
Eine Untersuchung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung von Lehramtsstudierenden bezogen auf den Einsatz digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht aus Perspektive der Control-Value Theory
Authors: Grave-Gierlinger Frederik , Jenßen Lars , Eilerts Katja 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer lernzielorientierte Einsatz digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht stellt eine Anforderung an Lehrkräfte dar, die in der jüngeren Vergangenheit an Bedeutung gewonnen hat (Dede, 2010; Voogt & Roblin, 2012). Zugleich berichten viele Lehrkräfte in Deutschland, dass sie sich unzureichend auf die Erfüllung dieser Anforderung vorbereitet sehen (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung, 2020). Insbesondere im internationalen Vergleich zeigt sich, dass Lehrkräfte in Deutschland eine niedrige Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bezogen auf den Einsatz digitaler Technologien aufweisen (Fraillon et al., 2019). Die vorliegende quantitative Studie knüpft an diese Befunde an und untersucht die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung hinsichtlich des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht anhand der Aussagen von n = 249 Lehramtsstudierenden: Auf Grundlage der Control-Value Theory (Pekrun, 2006) werden die Effekte subjektiver Kontroll- und Werteinschätzung auf das Erleben von Freude beim Einsatz digitaler Technologien untersucht und aufbauend auf der Theorie von Bandura (1997) wird der Zusammenhang dieser drei Faktoren mit der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in den Blick genommen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass der wahrgenommenen Kontrolle über digitale Technologien erheblich größere Bedeutung zukommt als der Beurteilung des Wertes und dass das Erleben von Freude zwischen diesen beiden Einschätzungen und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung vermittelt. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für die Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften wird diskutiert.