bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting Serum C-Peptide Level May not be Low in Young-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Hosen Mobarak , Sultana Nusrat , Hasan Mashfiqul , Jahan Sharmin , Jahangir-Alam Mohammad , Islam Shadequl , Rahman Saifur , Tanvi Noor E Jannat , Fariduddin Mohammad , Hasanat Muhammad A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the growing health problems among the young population. Secretory defect of insulin is an important cause, and it can be assessed by measuring fasting serum C-peptide level.

Aim:
The aim of this article is to assess fasting serum C-peptide in young-onset DM individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from March 2015 to February 2017. For this purpose, 40 individuals with DM (irrespective of DM type; age range: 11–29 years) were enrolled as case and an equal number of young healthy individuals as control. Demographic profiles, clinical profiles, and serum C-peptide were recorded in a standard and pre-tested structured datasheet. C-peptide was measured by the chemiluminescent immunometric assay.

Results:
Median fasting C-peptide was 2.67 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.06–4.07, range 0.12–20.0] ng/mL in diabetes individuals, whereas it was 2.19 (IQR 1.36–2.94, range 0.44–9.85) ng/mL in the control group; the difference was insignificant (P = 0.331). Waist circumference (WC) was significantly higher in the young diabetes group in comparison to that of control subjects and so were the plasma glucose values and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05 for all). Diabetic participants with low C-peptide group had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and WC and higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c in comparison to others (P < 0.05 for all); whereas the high C-peptide group had opposite body indices (higher BMI and WC) and glycemic parameters (lower FPG and HbA1c) (P < 0.05 for all). The classic hyperglycemic symptoms were more common in the low C-peptide group (P = 0.029). In participants with diabetes, C-peptide positively correlated with BMI and WC, whereas it showed a negative correlation with age (P < 0.05 for all). In the control group, C-peptide positively correlated with WC only (P = 0.018).

Conclusion:
The level of fasting serum C-peptide in diabetic subjects was similar to healthy controls, and it was higher in those subjects who had higher BMI, WC, and lower age.
Bioequivalence Study of Two Different Dapagliflozin Tablet Formulations in Healthy Adult Indian Volunteers
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Bhattacharya Supratik 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To assess the bioequivalence of 10 mg dapagliflozin tablets compared with that of 10 mg Farxiga® (dapagliflozin) tablets of AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, USA in healthy, adult volunteers under fasting conditions.

Materials and Methods:
This was an open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, oral bioequivalence study. Volunteers were randomized to receive either test product or reference product of 10 mg dapagliflozin tablets under the fasting condition with a nine-day washout period. The primary pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) at time t (AUCt), and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf). Adverse events were assessed as safety endpoints. The bioequivalence was assessed to evaluate that the two formulations are not different from one another if the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the geometric least square means falls completely within the predefined range of 80–125%.

Results:
Fifty-two healthy adult volunteers were randomized, and 47 completed the study. The mean values for Cmax, AUCt, and AUCinf were almost identical for test and reference products after administration to healthy human volunteers under fasting conditions. A total of 14 adverse events were reported by 10 volunteers during the study. All adverse events were mild to moderate in nature and did not cause study withdrawal.

Conclusion:
The test product dapagliflozin 10 mg was bioequivalent with the reference product in healthy, adult, human volunteers under fasting conditions. The availability of the affordable generic dapagliflozin has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in millions of patients in India because of its renoprotective, cardioprotective, and glucose-lowering effects.
Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes of Branchial Cleft Cyst at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study
Authors: AlMutairi Nasser K. , AlMofada Hesham S. , AlaEdin Jebreel B. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Branchial cleft anomalies are the second-most common congenital malformation in the head-and-neck region. They arise from persistent ruminants of pharyngeal clefts and pouches and are classified into four distinct types; the most prevalent one is type 2, which involves the sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM). The definitive treatment for the four types is complete surgical excision of the anomaly.

Objective:
The present study describes the clinical features and surgical outcomes for both unilateral and bilateral branchial cleft cysts at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Design and Setting:
This retrospective study involved collecting data from patients' records of King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia, who had surgical excision for branchial cleft cyst in the duration between January 2010 and September 2020. The collected data included patients' demographics, characters of the branchial anomaly, complications, and characters of the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v. 20. for both descriptive and comparative analysis.

Results:
A total of 18 cases were eligible for inclusion. Of the whole cohort, 55.6% were females. All cases were type 2, with the majority being in the anterior border of sternoclenomastoid (83.3%) and unilateral (77.8%). Discharge was reported as the most common complication, occurring among half of the patients. The diagnostic investigation was only performed in situations of recurrence (22.2%). The prevalence of the bilateral cyst is 22.2%. There was no statistically significant association between the associated genetic disease and the unilateral or bilateral cysts (P = 0.054).

Conclusion:
Type 2 unilateral cysts are the most prevalent for the examined population, specifically on the anterior border of SCM. A low recurrence rate and low incidence of complications propose an effective management strategy.
Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: J Mafiana Joy , Dhital Sushma , Halabia Mohamednour , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Nigeria. The Visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy "see and treat" screening approach is a feasible and effective method that can be implemented in low resource settings like Nigeria; however, screening utilization is still low.
Objective: This systematic review aims at offering a comprehensive synthesis of studies that assessed the barriers preventing women from utilizing cervical cancer screening services in Nigeria.
Methods: Electronic data search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and quality assessment was conducted for the included studies. Data were extracted independently by two authors and thematically analysed for barriers to cervical cancer screening utilization.
Results: Fifteen studies, consisting of 9,995 women aged 15 and above published between 2007 and 2020, were included. Frequently reported barriers to cervical screening include lack of knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, health service factors, screening is unnecessary, fear of outcome and procedure, and financial constraints.
Conclusion: Lack of adequate information about cervical cancer is a significant hindrance to screening; this factor is strongly associated with the numerous misconceptions and negative perceptions. The study highlights the need for further assessment of the sociodemographic determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in Nigeria. Preventive strategies should be targeted at improving the dissemination of valid information, reducing the knowledge gap among women, and addressing the financial and health service factors.
Keywords: Cervical cancer screening; barriers; uptake; Nigeria; systematic review.
Exploring the use of p53 protein expression as an indicator of oesophageal cancer severity from a high incidence rural area of Africa
Authors: J Ndebia Eugene , Ngonyama Thandazile , Molaoa Steve 
Published: August 2022

Background: The expression of p53 has been associated with the severity of other types of cancer. There is scanty information when it comes to oesophageal cancer.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the use of p53 protein expression as an indicator of oesophageal cancer severity from a high-risk incidence in the African rural population.
Methods: Fifty-one patients newly diagnosed with oesophageal cancer were recruited from the endoscopic unit at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in Mthatha, South Africa. The serological expression of p53 was measured using the ELISA method and the severity of oesophageal cancer expressed in grade was obtained from the histopathology report from patient’s oesophageal biopsies.
Results: We found that the expression of p53 was equally distributed among the histological grades of cancer with the value of 2495 pg/mL ± 1736 pg/ mL for lower grades and 2520 ± 1539 pg/mL for higher grades. Furthermore, we found that the level of p53 expression was equally distributed in patients from grade 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Conclusion: The expression of p53 protein does not vary according to the histological grade of oesophageal cancer in the given population, therefore may not be helpful as a prognostic factor.
Keywords: p53 protein expression; aoesophageal cancer; Africa.
Outcome and prognostic markers of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients admitted to a hepatology ICU in a tertiary care university hospital
Authors: Abdellatif Zeinab , Eletreby Rasha , Samir Reham , Abdallah Mohamed , Lithy Rania , Zayed Naglaa 
Published: August 2022

Background and aim: Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis are not given priority for ICU admission in the settings of limited place availability. Recently, advances in medical care led to improvement in their survival. Our aim is to study the outcome of patients admitted to our hepatology ICU.
Methods: We retrieved the data of patients admitted to the Endemic Medicine Department ICU at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital in the period from November 2014 to May 2018. We included 498 patients who had complete clinical and outcome data in this analysis. The primary outcome was ICU mortality and its predictors.
Results: The overall mortality was 48.1% in the liver cirrhosis versus 52.9% in the non-cirrhosis group. The most common presentations of cirrhotic patients were hepatic encephalopathy and hypovolemic shock. The SOFA score and sepsis independently predicted mortality in the overall cohort.
Conclusion:The mortality of cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU is not higher than non-cirrhotic patients. SOFA score is a good prognostic indicator in patients with cirrhosis.
Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; ICU; SOFA score; mortality.
Regulation of male sex hormones strongly heightens copulation behavior indices in rat’s model administered Cocos nucifera husks extract
Authors: Bolaji Odigie Efosa , Emosho Atoigwe Blessing , Francis Blessing , Kehinde Lawal Monsurat , Ogie Erameh Theophilus , Nwaobi Anthony , Precious Arugba Ewamazino 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cocos nucifera (Coconut, Arecaceae family) is consumed as dietary fruit but little is known of it as sex enhancer.
Objective: To investigate male sex hormones and copulation behavior indices in male Wistar rats administered husks extract.
Materials and Methods: Rats were grouped into control A, and treatment B to E (n=4); and administered husks extract at varying doses: 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 375mg/kg and 500mg/kg for 48days by oral intubation. Copulation behavior was assessed by introducing female rats to males (1:1) in a rectangular Plexiglas chamber and monitored by veterinary Anatomists. Blood samples for male sex hormones were collected and assayed by ELISA method.
Results: Copulation behavior (500mg/kg treatment): mounting (9.66±0.79 to 29.08±2.16), ejaculation (7.66±0.38 to 16.93±0.76), intromission (22.01±1.67 to 38.11±3.35) frequencies, and ejaculation latency (7.92±0.43 to 12.28±0.41) increased remarkably (Group E). Correspondingly, mounting (133.31±1.18 to 93.39±0.43) and, intromission (88.13±3.12 to 74.55±1.19) latencies; post-ejaculation (3.16±0.14 to 2.18±0.34), inter-intromission (19.48±0.26 to 14.32±1.65) intervals reduced significantly (P≤0.05). Testosterone levels (Group E) increased: 3.82±0.6ng/dL to 5.14±0.3ng/dL while, LH and FSH values reduced: 2.92±0.6IU/L to 2.13±0.3IU/L and 2.28±0.7IU/L to 1.58±0.3IU/L significantly (p ≤ 0.05) while changes were dose-related.
Conclusion: C. nucifera husks extract improves sexuality indices by regulating male sex hormones in male Wistar rats.
Keywords: Cocos nucifera; coconut husk; Coconut fibre; copulation behaviour; male sex hormones; mating profile; hormonal indices; libido; natural sex enhancer; medicinal values.
Subclinical hypothyroidism among infertile women at a tertiary hospital in South-West Nigeria
Authors: E Jagun Olusoji , A Andu Babatunde , O Olawale Olatunbosun 
Published: August 2022

Background: Overt thyroid dysfunction is an accepted cause of female infertility. Its milder form, subclinical hypothyroidism have also been implicated as a contributing factor to disturbed reproductive function.
Objective: To determine the contribution of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) to the burden of infertility.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional, comparative study of One hundred and twenty women with primary or secondaryinfertility who presented for evaluation at gynaecological clinic and controls which are clients that came to access Family planning services.
Results: The prevalence of infertility among gynaecological patients seen in the clinic was 38.8% (192/495). The prevalence of SCH among the studied infertile women was 11.7% (7/60) compared with 3.3% (2/60) of the control group (p=0.222).The commonest type of infertility was secondary, 76.7% (46/60). All thestudied infertile women with SCH presented with secondary infertility. There was an observed statistically significant difference in the mean serum TSH (3.19±4.38mIU /L vs 1.60±1.22mIU /L) and FT3, FT4 (0.29±0.074ng/dl vs 0.95±0.16ng/dl and 0.33±0.071ng/dl vs 1.09±0.19ng/dl respectively)
Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be higher among infertile women but this finding was not statistically significant, therefore, the routine screening for SCH among infertile women might be unnecessary.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism; Infertility; Subclinical; TSH; Women.
Relationship of serum lipid profiles in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy, Bangladesh
Authors: Salma Umme 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this present study to investigate the lipid profile levels and basal body mass index in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in Bangladeshi women.
Material and methods: This case-control study was conducted at Sheba Hospital Kaligonj Bangladesh with 70 participants among 35 normal pregnancy (control) and 35 preeclampsia women (case) were enrolled from August 2018 to July 2019. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein by enzymatic assays and low-density lipoprotein by using Fried Ewald’s formula in between 22-36 weeks of gestation.
Results: This study found the mean age of preeclampsia and normal pregnancy women were 24.71±2.56 and 23.09±2.1 respectively with significant (P= 0.005). Basal body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein significantly higher (P=0.002), (P= 0.000), (P= 0.022) and (P=0.000) in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy respectively. While high-density lipoprotein comparatively lower in preeclampsia than normal pregnancy and consider significant as (P=0.037).
Conclusion: Abnormal lipid profile and increased body mass index is contributed to the development of preeclampsia. The frequent antenatal monitoring of lipid profiles provides the status which helps to require management and reduces the preeclampsia which enhances maternal and fetal wellbeing and fetal outcome.
Keywords: Preeclampsia; normal pregnancy; lipid profile; basal body mass index.
Significant hyperbilirubinemia among well neonates due for discharge at Kawempe-Mulago Hospital, prevalence, factors associated, and accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubinometry for screening
Authors: Nassuna Carolyn , Yaser Abdallah , Karamagi Charles , Mugalu Jamir 
Published: August 2022

Background: Neonates in low resource settings with a lack of pre-discharge screening and early intervention are at risk for complications associated with significant hyperbilirubinemia (SHB).
Objectives: To determine the prevalence, factors associated and performance of transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) in identifying well neonates with SHB.
Methods: Over a one month period 235 well neonates 24 to 72 hours of age due for discharge at Kamempe-Mulago Hospital were enrolled in this study. Visual inspection using Kramer rule, transcutaneous bilirubin over the sternum using Draeger JM103 bilirubinometer, and serum bilirubin were determined. Neonates with SHB (total serum bilirubin warranting treatment) were referred for treatment. Relevant data were analyzed. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence interval.
Results: Thirty two (13.6%) of the neonates had SHB and three (1.3%) had levels above exchange transfusion threshold. Significant hyperbilirubinemia was independently associated with CRP ≥ 10mg/l (AOR 3.96, CI 1.23-12.73, p 0.021), ABO discordance (AOR 3.67, CI 1.28-10.49, p 0.015), jaundice in a previous sibling (AOR 3.565, CI 1.10-11.51, p 0.034) and time of first feed > 1 hour (AOR 2.74, CI 1.10-6.90, p 0.007). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of TCB were 96.5%, 84.6%, 47.5% and 99.4% respectively compared to 31.2%, 98.5%, 76.9% and 90% respectively for visual assessment (Kramer grading).
Conclusions: A significant number of well neonates have SHB. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a suitable screening tool in this setting. Early initiation of feeding should be promoted. The cause for high CRP among well neonates with SHB needs to be studied further.
Keywords: Significant Hyperbilirubinemia; transcutaneous bilirubinometer.
Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing mothers attending a health care facility in a peri-urban setting in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayodeji Sokan–Adeaga Micheal , Allen Sokan–Adeaga Adewale , Deborah Sokan–Adeaga Eniola , Osibogun Akin , Edris Hoseinzadeh 
Published: August 2022

Background: The Nigerian government initiated various national infant and young child feeding programmes (1992-2005) to improve juveniles well-being. Despite these efforts, under-five children feeding related diseases and mortality still escalate. Investigating the drivers of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is exigent in tackling this menace.
Objective: To investigate maternal socio-demographic and index child variables that serve as predictors of EBF practice among nursing mother attending a healthcare facility in Lagos, western Nigeria.
Methods: One hundred and twenty (N=120) consenting nursing mothers (15-49 years) with infants between 0-24 months completed a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Scores of current practice level for EBF was computed and adjusted odd ratios (aORs) generated from a logistic regression model.
Results: Respondents mean age was 28.7 ± 2.3 years. Of 120 respondents, 82(68.3%) and 38(31.7%) had good and poor EBF practice respectively. Having an index child <6months age (aOR=5.02, 95% confidence intervalCI=1.28–15.43), being in monogamy (aOR=3.0, 95% CI=1.80–6.73), having tertiary education (aOR=3.12, 95% CI=1.39–8.96), being married (aOR=2.0, 95% CI=0.1–0.8) and vaginal delivery (aOR=2.96, 95% CI=1.75–7.48) increased the odds of EBF practice.
Conclusion: Age of index child, marriage type, maternal education, marital status and nature of delivery independently predicted EBF practice.
Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding practice; Nursing mothers; Predictors; Infant feeding; Child index.
Prevalence and correlates of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among male and female adults in Sudan: results of the first national STEPS survey in 2016
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2022

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of multiple NCD risk factors (inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, raised total cholesterol and overweight/obesity) among adults in Sudan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data. The analytic cohort included 7,722 participants who were between the ages of 18-69 years old individuals (median age=36 years) that took part in the “2016 Sudan STEPS survey.”
Results: In all, 34.2% had 0-1 NCD risk factor, 33.5% 2 risk factors, and 32.4% 3 or more NCD risk factors. In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, the odds of having a higher count of NCD risk factors increased from 2.04 to 3.52 from the age group of 35-49 years to age group of 50-69 years when compared to the younger people aged 18-34 years. Men had higher odds (1.21) of higher NCD risk factor count than women. Individuals residing in urban areas had higher odds (1.86) of higher NCD risk factor count than individuals residing in rural areas.
Conclusion: Almost one in three participants had three or more NCD risk factors and several associated variables were identified for men and women that can facilitate in designing intervention programmes.
Keywords: Multiple non-communicable diseases; sociodemographic factors; adults; Sudan.
Response of RLC network circuit with steady source via rohit transform
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Gupta Rahul , Verma Dinesh 
Published: August 2022

The electric network circuits are designed by using the elements like resistor R, inductor L, and capacitor Ϲ. There are a number of techniques: exact, approximate, and purely numerical available for analyzing the R L Ϲ network circuits. Since the application of numerical method becomes more complex, computationally intensive, or needs complicated symbolic computations, there is a need to seek the help of integral transform methods for analyzing the RLϹ network circuits. Integral transform methods provide effective ways for solving a variety of problems arising in basic sciences and engineering. In thispaper, a new integral transform Rohit transform is discussed for obtaining the response of a series RLϹ electric network circuit connected to a steady voltage source, and a parallel R L Ϲ electric network circuit connected to a steady current source. The response of a series R L Ϲ network circuit connected to a steady voltage source via the application of Rohit transform will provide an expression for the electric current, and that of a parallel R L Ϲ network circuit connected to a steady current source will provide an expression for the voltage across the parallel RLϹ electric network circuit. The nature of the response of such series (or parallel) network circuits is determined by the values of R, L, and Ϲ of the electric network circuit. The Rohit transform will come out to be a powerful technique for analyzing such series or parallel electric network circuits with steady voltage or current sources.