bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of high-stability Ni-PSF@PAO40 microcapsules and their lubricating properties in polyamide 6
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Qi Xiaowen , Yang Xiao , Dong Yu , Fan Bingli , Liang Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel Ni-PSF@PAO40 microcapsules (NPPMS) with high stability were prepared by using a combined processing method of electroless nickel plating and solvent volatilization. The results indicate that Ni is completely assembled on the surfaces of PSF/PAO40 microcapsules with the encapsulation capacity of NPPMS achieved at 50%. Organic solvents immersion shows that NPPMS have an excellent chemical stability. Macro thermal stability tests reveal that the softening temperature of NPPMS is increased up to over 400 °C while it becomes lower than 200 °C for PSF/PAO40 microcapsules. Furthermore, NPPMS were embedded into polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare PA6/NPPMS composites. The cross-sectional morphology shows that NPPMS are intact in PA6 matrices. The microhardness of PA6 is effectively improved with the incorporation of NPPMS. As compared with neat PA6, the coefficient of friction (COF) for PA6/NPPMS composites with 10% NPPMS could be reduced by 87.7% (from 0.49 to 0.06) and the wear rate could be decreased by 96.8% (from 1.29×10−5 to 4.15×10−7 mm3/(N·m)). Further studies confirmed that increasing test loads and test temperatures was beneficial to improve the lubrication performance of NPPMS despite the opposite trend occurred when increasing the sliding speeds. It has been demonstrated that synergistic effects between PAO40 and Ni layer play an important role in improving the tribological properties of PA6. Therefore, NPPMS significantly improve the ability of microcapsules to resist a harsh environment, which has important scientific significance for expanding the use of microcapsules more practically in self-lubricating composites.
Ionic liquids on uncharged and charged surfaces: In situ microstructures and nanofriction
Authors: An Rong , Wei Yudi , Qiu Xiuhua , Dai Zhongyang , Wu Muqiu , Gnecco Enrico , Shah Faiz Ullah , Zhang Wenling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn situ changes in the nanofriction and microstructures of ionic liquids (ILs) on uncharged and charged surfaces have been investigated using colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Two representative ILs, [BMIM][BF4] (BB) and [BMIM][PF6] (BP), containing a common cation, were selected for this study. The torsional resonance frequency was captured simultaneously when the nanoscale friction force was measured at a specified normal load; and it was regarded as a measure of the contact stiffness, reflecting in situ changes in the IL microstructures. A higher nanoscale friction force was observed on uncharged mica and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces when the normal load increased; additionally, a higher torsional resonance frequency was detected, revealing a higher contact stiffness and a more ordered IL layer. The nanofriction of ILs increased at charged HOPG surfaces as the bias voltage varied from 0 to 8 V or from 0 to —8 V. The simultaneously recorded torsional resonance frequency in the ILs increased with the positive or negative bias voltage, implying a stiffer IL layer and possibly more ordered ILs under these conditions. MD simulation reveals that the [BMIM]+ imidazolium ring lies parallel to the uncharged surfaces preferentially, resulting in a compact and ordered IL layer. This parallel “sleeping” structure is more pronounced with the surface charging of either sign, indicating more ordered ILs, thereby substantiating the AFM-detected stiffer IL layering on the charged surfaces. Our in situ observations of the changes in nanofriction and microstructures near the uncharged and charged surfaces may facilitate the development of IL-based applications, such as lubrication and electrochemical energy storage devices, including supercapacitors and batteries.
Hierarchical self-assembled structure and frictional response of phthalocyanine molecules
Authors: Qiao Yijun , Song Jian , Shi Hongyu , Wang Hongdong , Wen Shizhu , Liu Yuhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid evidence is needed to demonstrate the effect of molecular orientation and structure on the frictional property of boundary lubricants. In this work, the frictional properties of phthalocyanine self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with face-on (aromatic cores parallel to the substrate) and edge-on (aromatic cores stand on the substrate) orientations have been compared and the in situ structural variation of edge-on SAMs under frictional shear has been revealed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Face-on oriented SAMs show lower adhesion, lower friction, and stronger wear resistance, compared with edge-on oriented SAMs. Hierarchical structures of edge-on oriented SAMs have been revealed by frictional topography, which are consisted of nanoscale columns, micron-scale stripes, and centimeter-scale monolayer. The column structure deforms under increasing load force, leading to a stepwise friction force curve and a transition among three friction states (ordered friction, collapsed friction, and worn friction). The structural deformation depends on both the order degree and anisotropic stiffness of columns. Columns in phthalocyanine SAMs show a larger stiffness when shearing against molecular plane than shearing along the molecular plane. The presented study on the interfacial structure and frictional mechanism promisingly supports the designing of novel boundary lubricants and their application in engineering.
Hyper-androgenemia and obesity in early-pubertal girls
Authors: Durá-Travé T. , Gallinas-Victoriano F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the hormonal profile in early-pubertal girls with obesity. We hypothesized that these patients might already present hormonal alterations with POCS-like features.MethodsCross-sectional study in a sample of 283 peri-pubertal girls (prepubertal and early-puberty subgroups), aged 6.1–12.0 years, diagnosed with obesity (BMI-SDS > 2.0, 97th percentile), so-called obesity group. They all underwent clinical examination and blood testing for hormonal measurements (leptin, TSH, FT4, IGF-1, IGFBP3, prolactin, insulin, FSH, LH, estradiol, ACTH, cortisol, 17-OH-P, DHE-S, androstenedione, testosterone and free testosterone). A control group was recruited: 243 healthy girls, aged 6.3–12.1 years, with normal BMI status.ResultsPrepubertal girls with obesity had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) for BMI-SDS, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR levels than control group. Early-pubertal girls with obesity also had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) for BMI-SDS, leptin, IGF-1, IGFBP3, insulin and HOMA-IR, LH, ratio LH/FSH, ACTH, DHE-S, androstenedione, testosterone and free testosterone levels than control group. In early-pubertal girls with obesity (not prepubertal girls), there was a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between leptin levels with LH, androstenedione and testosterone, and HOMA-IR with LH and testosterone levels. There was also a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between IGF-1 levels with LH, androstenedione, DHE-S and testosterone; and LH levels with testosterone.ConclusionThe results obtained support our hypothesis that an abnormal hormonal profile with POCS-like features can already be detected (insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, increased secretion of LH and ACTH, and overproduction of ovarian and adrenal androgens) in early-pubertal girls with obesity.
Goal Setting in Mental Health Rehabilitation: References to Competence and Interest as Resources for Negotiating Goals
Authors: Weiste Elina , Niska Miira , Valkeapää Taina , Stevanovic Melisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGoal setting is at the heart of mental health rehabilitation, but its joint negotiation by clinicians and clients has proven to be a challenging endeavor. This paper investigates goal setting decision-making in the context of Clubhouse Communities: non-profit organizations designed to pave the way for the recovery of individuals diagnosed with mental illnesses. Using the method of conversation analysis, we demonstrate how clinicians make and account for proposals to involve clients in the discussion as more equal partners. In these accounts, clinicians highlight the client’s potential in terms of either competence or interest. Clients, in turn, resist clinicians’ proposals by invoking the opposing factor: when clinicians highlight clients’ competence, clients appeal to their lack of interest and vice versa. In this way, clients are able to reject clinicians’ goal-proposals without disagreeing with the rationalizations of their competence or interest. By contrast, jointly formulated decisions are best reached when clinicians focus the talk on the characteristics of the desired activity rather than on the characteristics of the client. In so doing, clients are able to claim personal ownership of the goal.
Size-Dependent Oxidation-Induced Phase Engineering for MOFs Derivatives Via Spatial Confinement Strategy Toward Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Xu Hanxiao , Zhang Guozheng , Wang Yi , Ning Mingqiang , Ouyang Bo , Zhao Yang , Huang Ying , Liu Panbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecisely reducing the size of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives is an effective strategy to manipulate their phase engineering owing to size-dependent oxidation; however, the underlying relationship between the size of derivatives and phase engineering has not been clarified so far. Herein, a spatial confined growth strategy is proposed to encapsulate small-size MOFs derivatives into hollow carbon nanocages. It realizes that the hollow cavity shows a significant spatial confinement effect on the size of confined MOFs crystals and subsequently affects the dielectric polarization due to the phase hybridization with tunable coherent interfaces and heterojunctions owing to size-dependent oxidation motion, yielding to satisfied microwave attenuation with an optimal reflection loss of −50.6 dB and effective bandwidth of 6.6 GHz. Meanwhile, the effect of phase hybridization on dielectric polarization is deeply visualized, and the simulated calculation and electron holograms demonstrate that dielectric polarization is shown to be dominant dissipation mechanism in determining microwave absorption. This spatial confined growth strategy provides a versatile methodology for manipulating the size of MOFs derivatives and the understanding of size-dependent oxidation-induced phase hybridization offers a precise inspiration in optimizing dielectric polarization and microwave attenuation in theory.
Students’ Perception of Efforts by School Staff to Counteract Bullying and Its Association with Students’ Psychosomatic Problems: an Ecological Approach
Authors: Lönnfjord Victoria , Hagquist Curt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between students’ perceptions of staff efforts to counteract bullying and students’ self-reported psychosomatic problems. Using an ecological framework, the associations were investigated in the light of contextual factors related to the students’ family, school, and peer group, as well as their personal characteristics. We used cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in 2009 and 2010 among 2 582 Swedish students aged between 13 and 15 years. Our main finding was that students’ perception of efforts by school staff to counteract bullying is an important factor in relation to their self-reported psychosomatic problems. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having a higher degree of psychosomatic problems compared to lower degree of psychosomatic problems were about 2.5 times higher among students who reported that school staff members do little to counteract bullying. Analysis of interaction effects revealed that the strength of the association between students’ perception of staff efforts to counteract bullying and the students’ psychosomatic problems was not affected by different types of bullying experienced, nor was the strength of the association modified by the students’ personal characteristics or contextual situation. We conclude that social support from school staff is important in relation to students’ self-reported psychosomatic problems, irrespective of the students’ own experience of bullying. The results underline the importance of promoting a school climate and school culture that support staff members’ opportunities, abilities, and willingness to prevent bullying.
Biosurfactant, a green and effective solution for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment
Authors: Zahed Mohammad Ali , Matinvafa Mohammad Ali , Azari Aryandokht , Mohajeri Leila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen pollutants like petroleum hydrocarbons as one of the major origins of aquatic pollution, enter the environment, they alter the biological and/or physicochemical characteristics of the aforementioned sites due to their potential of bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and resistance against biodegradation besides its toxicity and carcinogenicity in nature. Thus, the importance of degradation, deterioration and remediation of these pollutants from environments such as aquatic environments via a green method such as bioremediation is undeniable. Biosurfactants as secondary metabolites of microorganisms, enhance the bioremediation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons. Using oleophilic microorganisms with the capability of biosurfactant production which this paper calls "potential microorganisms" in a bioremediation system is promising. This article reviews the effective factors on bioremediation and the share of biosurfactants on the rate of bioremediation process, chemical surfactants and their limiting factors as biosurfactant's chemical counterpart, the rising market of biosurfactant and its promising future, various types of biosurfactants, and the requirements to develop an optimized biosurfactant-base bioremediation system. Furthermore, this paper based on former studies suggests a novel in-situ biosurfactant-based bioremediation system integrated with Biochar called “Potential Microorganisms Immobilized on Biochar system” (PMIBC system) as a cost-effective in-situ bioremediation system for decontamination of aquatic environments like groundwater, lakes, marshes, etc. from petroleum hydrocarbons and oil spills which requires further study.
The observations of localize ionospheric scintillation structure by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Tri-band Beacon network
Authors: Hsiao Tung Yuan , Huang Cheng-yung , Yeh Wen-Hao , Tseng Tzu-Pang , Chen Kun-Lin , Macalalad Ernest P. , Vallar Edgar A. , Galvez Maria Cecilia D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe preliminary results of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 beacon data are presented in this paper, and the localized scintillation structure where the radio signals are affected by irregularities is recognized. Irregularities in the ionosphere will affect a radio transmission traveling through it. This study looked at a case of beacon satellite scintillation measurement from three stations in Chung-li (25.136N, 121.539E), Tsao-tun (23.981N, 120.697E), and Che-cheng (25.136N, 121.539E) (22.725N, 120.544E). The open-source coherent beacon receiver may receive beacon signals from beacon satellite systems such as the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Tri-band Beacon Transmitter (150, 400, 1066.7 MHz) or the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Tri-band Beacon Transmitter (150, 400, 1066.7 MHz) (400, 965, and 2200 MHz). In Taiwan, the three stations were located around 360 km apart in a north–south direction. We can recognize the localize scintillation position where the radio signals are affected by abnormalities by projecting the course of the satellite’s orbit. Because the maximum potential height in the F2 layer is 350 km, the height was previously believed to be 350 km. We apply a project method to approximate the realistic height and length from the 3 stations by a scintillation case near midnight in order to improve on this assumption. As a result, the height of scintillation would be confirmed using the project approach, whether in the F layer or the E layer.
The Real-World Characteristics of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Use Among Transgender People in Thailand
Authors: Ittiphisit Sakditat , Amponnavarat Salin , Manaboriboon Natnicha , Korpaisarn Sira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Most Thai transgender people (TG) do not use gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) under medical supervision.

Aim
To understand the current real-world characteristics of GAHT among TG.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire between September and December 2020. TG, who resided in Thailand for more than 1 year, were included. Self-reported demographic data and characteristics of GAHT were obtained. The reported GAHT were compared to the reference regimen recommended by the 2017 Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Outcomes
The characteristics of GAHT used among TG and factors associated with hormonal use outside the reference regimen were reported.

Results
A total of 401 TG were included in the analysis. Of these, 249 (62%) were transgender men (TM). Most TM (81%) and transgender women (88%) were using GAHT. Only 297 TG provided a complete hormone regimen. A total of 224 TG (75%) used GAHT outside the reference regimen. The main reasons in TM were using intramuscular testosterone with a higher dose per injection and less frequent intervals. In transgender women, using oral contraceptive pills and cyproterone acetate 12.5 mg/d were the two most common reasons. A univariate analysis revealed factors associated with hormonal use outside the reference regimen, including age at a survey participation (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.00–1.08, P = .047), age at hormone initiation (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.08, P = .015), TM (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.22–3.56, P = .007) and using GAHT, not under medical supervision (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.04–3.05, P = .037). The multivariate analysis showed that only living outside the capital city was solely statistically significant (AOR 1.77, 95%CI 1.02–3.05, P = .041).

Clinical Implications
Enhancing health literacy in GAHT among TG is crucial, especially TG not living in the capital city.

Strengths and Limitations
This study demonstrates a current real-world practice of GAHT use among TG, both under and not under medical care. However, the causality could not be concluded due to the nature of the cross-sectional observation study, and results come with a recall bias.

Conclusion
There is a high prevalence of GAHT use outside the reference regimen. The only factor associated with hormonal use outside the reference regimen is living outside the capital city.
Indonesia's Omnibus Law on Job Creation: Legal Hierarchy and Responses to Judicial Review in the Labour Cluster of Amendments
Authors: Mahy Petra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndonesia enacted a controversial ‘Omnibus Law’ on Job Creation in late 2020, and its implementing regulations followed in February 2021. This Law, and particularly the labour cluster of amendments within it, has been linked to Indonesia's recent ‘democratic decline’ or ‘illiberal turn’. Many of the amendments reduce worker protections with the aim of producing a more flexible labour market. While it is these obvious amendments in favour of employers’ interests that have attracted the most attention, a deeper analysis of the changes introduced by this Law reveals additional important factors at play. There has been a significant repositioning of labour regulations within Indonesia's hierarchy of legal instruments, as well as important responses to Constitutional Court judicial review cases. Overall, this deeper legal analysis produces mixed evidence for democratic decline in Indonesia.
Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’
Authors: Lv Dan , Hu Bai , Lin Xingguang , Wang Renjie , Wu Di , Long Rui , He Mengzhou , Liao ShuJie , Deng Dongrui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system ‘evolution’ as well as ‘revolution’ that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.
It Takes Three to Tango: A Behavioral Analysis of the Benefits of Having a Mediator in International Disputes
Authors: Nissioti Evangelia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores the debiasing role of the mediator in the setting of international disputes. Starting from the rational choice theory, this article examines the choices that international disputants must weigh when deciding how to proceed with their conflict. International actors are assumed to be rational and negotiate settlements that are beneficial to them. Their alternatives to a negotiated settlement include both adjudication and continuation of the conflict. Puzzlingly, despite the advantages of negotiated settlements, many international disputes are not resolved in the form of a settlement. Instead, States seem to prolong conflicts or follow costlier routes of formal adjudication. Behavioral Law and Economics insights on the biases of disputants partly explain this phenomenon. The article contributes to the behavioral discussion by examining two separate categories of biases, i.e., biases when deciding to enter negotiation and biases during negotiation. Following that, it suggests that the specific characteristics of the process of mediation and of the mediator, in particular, can act as debiasing instruments. The article concludes with normative suggestions for wider incorporation of mediation within the international dispute settlement setting.