bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells in acute HIV infection and following early antiretroviral therapy initiation
Authors: Yero Alexis , Shi Tao , Routy Jean-Pierre , Tremblay Cécile , Durand Madeleine , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesBesides CD4 regulatory T-cells (Tregs), immunosuppressor FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells are emerging as an important subset of Tregs, which contribute to immune dysfunction and disease progression in HIV infection. However, FoxP3+ CD8 T-cell dynamics in acute HIV infection and following early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation remain understudied.MethodsSubsets of FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells were characterized both prospectively and cross-sectionally in PBMCs from untreated acute (n=26) and chronic (n=10) HIV-infected individuals, early ART-treated in acute infection (n=10, median of ART initiation: 5.5 months post-infection), ART-treated in chronic infection (n=10), elite controllers (n=18), and HIV-uninfected controls (n=21).ResultsAcute and chronic infection were associated with increased total, effector memory, and terminally differentiated FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells, while early ART normalized only the frequencies of total FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells. We observed an increase in FoxP3+ CD8 T-cell immune activation (HLADR+/CD38+), senescence (CD57+/CD28-), and PD-1 expression during acute and chronic infection, which were not normalized by early ART. FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells in untreated participants expressed higher levels of immunosuppressive LAP(TGF-β1) and CD39 than uninfected controls, whereas early ART did not affect their expression. The expression of gut-homing markers CCR9 and Integrin-β7 by total FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells and CD39+ and LAP(TGF-β1)+ FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells increased in untreated individuals and remained higher than in uninfected controls despite early ART. Elite controllers share most of the FoxP3+ CD8 T-cell characteristics in uninfected individuals.ConclusionsAlthough early ART normalized total FoxP3+ CD8 T-cells frequencies, it did not affect the persistent elevation of the gut-homing potential of CD39+ and LAP(TGF-β1)+ FoxP3+ CD8 T-cell, which may contribute to immune dysfunction.
Optimisation of at-sea culture and harvest conditions for cultivated Macrocystis pyrifera: yield, biofouling and biochemical composition of cultured biomass
Authors: Biancacci C. , Visch W. , Callahan D. L. , Farrington G. , Francis D. S. , Lamb P. , McVilly A. , Nardelli A. , Sanderson J. C. , Schwoerbel J. , Hurd C. L. , Evans B. , Macleod C. , Bellgrove A. 
Published: July 2022

Seaweed cultivation is gaining interest world-wide for both food and non-food applications. Global seaweed aquaculture production currently exceeds 32 Mt WW per annum but is dominated (86% of total) by Asian countries. To meet future demand for seaweed products, regions beyond Asia with aquaculture production potential are being explored. The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of the native kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales), for aquaculture in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia. M. pyrifera was cultivated on seeded twine on loops (1 – 5 m depth) along 100-m longlines at two sites (Okehampton Bay and Great Taylor Bay) from April-November 2020. Temporal and spatial variability in (1) yield (kg m-1, WW), (2) biofouling (% coverage), and (3) biochemical composition (including proximate composition, fatty acids, dietary minerals, heavy metal profiling, C, N, H, S concentrations and C:N ratio, antioxidants (phenolic compounds), and pigments (Chl-a, Chl-c, fucoxanthin)) was compared amongst the two cultivation sites, at two depths (1 and 5 m) from harvests between July – November 2020. Yield (kg m-1, WW) did not significantly change across harvest times, but was greater at a depth of 1 m compared to 5 m. Biofouling on the kelp blades increased significantly in early spring (September). The biochemical composition of the cultured biomass varied over time, between sites and with depth for most of the compounds analysed. Higher lipid, protein and ash content was reported for cultures cultivated at Okehampton Bay compared to Great Taylor Bay and at 5 m compared to 1 m depth, and levels of these macronutrients decreased during the harvest period. The iodine content was slightly above the tolerable content for dried seaweed products in Australia and New Zealand. The combined results of yield, biofouling, and biochemical composition suggest that, for an April deployment at the sites investigated, M. pyrifera should be harvested in July-August (mid to late winter) to optimise yield and quality of the cultured kelp biomass. These findings provide a better understanding of the variation in growth and quality of cultivated M. pyrifera biomass in the region, and inform future management and development of kelp aquaculture in south-eastern Australia and in a global context.
13C-sucrose breath test for the non-invasive assessment of environmental enteropathy in Zambian adults
Authors: Schillinger Robert J. , Mwakamui Simutanyi , Mulenga Chola , Tembo Mizinga , Hodges Phoebe , Besa Ellen , Chandwe Kanta , Owino Victor O. , Edwards Christine A. , Kelly Paul , Morrison Douglas J. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesEnvironmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical disorder highly prevalent in tropical and disadvantaged populations and is thought to play a role in growth faltering in children, poor responses to oral vaccines, and micronutrient deficiencies. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a non-invasive breath test based on stable isotopes for evaluation of impaired digestion and absorption of sucrose in EE.MethodsWe optimized a 13C-sucrose breath test (13C-SBT) in 19 young adults in Glasgow, United Kingdom. In a further experiment (in 18 adults) we validated the 13C-SBT using Reducose, an intestinal glucosidase inhibitor. We then compared the 13C-SBT to intestinal mucosal morphometry, immunostaining for sucrose-isomaltase (SI) expression, and SI activity in 24 Zambian adults with EE.ResultsFully labeled sucrose (0.3 mg/kg) provided clear breath enrichment signals over 2–3 h in both British and Zambian adults, more than fivefold higher than naturally enriched sucrose. Reducose dramatically impaired 13C-sucrose digestion, reducing 4 h 13CO2 breath recovery by &gt; 50%. Duodenal biopsies in Zambian adults confirmed the presence of EE, and SI immunostaining was present in 16/24 adults. The kinetics of 13CO2 evolution were consistently faster in participants with detectable SI immunostaining. Although sucrase activity was strongly correlated with villus height (r = 0.72; P &lt; 0.05) after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, there were no correlations between 13C-SBT and villus height or measured sucrase activity in pinch biopsies.ConclusionA 13C-SBT was developed which was easy to perform, generated clear enrichment of 13CO2 in breath samples, and clearly reports sucrase activity. Further work is needed to validate it and understand its applications in evaluating EE.
A clinical Pseudomonas juntendi strain with blaIMP−1 carried by an integrative and conjugative element in China
Authors: Zheng Lin , Zhang Xinfang , Zhu Lingwei , Lu Gejin , Guan Jiayao , Liu Mingwei , Jing Jie , Sun Shiwen , Wang Ying , Sun Yang , Ji Xue , Jiang Bowen , Chen Jun , Liu Jun , Chen Ping , Guo Xuejun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo precisely determine the species of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas strain 1809276 isolated from the urine of a Chinese patient and analyze its integrative and conjugative element (ICE) 1276 formation mechanism.MethodsSingle-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was carried out on strain 18091276 to obtain the complete chromosome and plasmid (pCN1276) sequences, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) was used for precise species identification. The ICEs in GenBank with the same integrase structure as ICE 1276 were aligned. At the same time, the transfer ability of blaIMP−1 and the antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas juntendi 18091276 were tested.ResultsThis bacterium was P. juntendi, and its drug resistance mechanism is the capture of the accA4' gene cassette by the Tn402-like type 1 integron (IntI1-blaIMP−1) to form In1886 before its capture by the ΔTn4662a-carrying ICE 1276. The acquisition of blaIMP−1 confers carbapenem resistance to P. juntendi 18091276.ConclusionThe formation of blaIMP−1-carrying ICE 1276, its further integration into the chromosomes, and transposition and recombination of other elements promote bacterial gene accumulation and transmission.
Systematic review of the therapeutic use of Schwann cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries: Advancements from animal studies to clinical trials
Authors: Vallejo Frederic A. , Diaz Anthony , Errante Emily L. , Smartz Taylor , Khan Aisha , Silvera Risset , Brooks Adriana E. , Lee Yee-Shuan , Burks Stephen Shelby , Levi Allan D. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the literature on the therapeutic use of Schwann cells (SC) in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries.MethodsThe Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were searched using terms [(“peripheral nerve injury” AND “Schwann cell” AND “regeneration”) OR (“peripheral nerve injuries”)]. Studies published from 2008 to 2022 were eligible for inclusion in the present study. Only studies presenting data from in-vivo investigations utilizing SCs in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries qualified for review. Studies attempting repair of a gap of ≥10 mm were included. Lastly, studies needed to have some measure of quantifiable regenerative outcome data such as histomorphometry, immunohistochemical, electrophysiology, or other functional outcomes.ResultsA search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases revealed 328 studies. After screening using the abstracts and methods, 17 studies were found to meet our inclusion criteria. Good SC adherence and survival in conduit tubes across various studies was observed. Improvement in morphological and functional outcomes with the use of SCs in long gap peripheral nerve injuries was observed in nearly all studies.ConclusionBased on contemporary literature, SCs have demonstrated clear potential in the repair of peripheral nerve injury in animal studies. It has yet to be determined which nerve conduit or graft will prove superior for delivery and retention of SCs for nerve regeneration. Recent developments in isolation and culturing techniques will enable further translational utilization of SCs in future clinical trials.
Diagnosis and prognostic value of circDLGAP4 in acute ischemic stroke and its correlation with outcomes
Authors: Bai Ying , Ren Hui , Zhu Yi , Chen Xufeng , Yang Li , Xia Jiangyan , Shu Guofang , Han Bing 
Published: July 2022

Rationale and aimsCircular RNAs are a subclass of noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells and highly expressed in the central nervous system. Although their physiological functions are not yet completely defined, they are thought to promise as stroke biomarkers because of their stability in peripheral blood.Sample Size Estimate: 222 participants.Methods and designThe plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) (n = 111) and non-stroke controls (n = 111) from November 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled in our research. The expression of circDLGAP4 in plasma was evaluated using real-time PCR.Study outcomesIn patients with AIS, circDLGAP4 was significantly decreased in comparison with non-stroke controls. The CircDLGAP4 level had a significant AUC of 0.7896 with 91.72% sensitivity and 64.83% specificity in diagnosing AIS. Furthermore, the circDLGAP4 level was related to smoking history and previous transient ischemic attack/stroke/myocardial infarction in all samples. The change rate in circDLGAP4 within the first 7 days showed an AUC curve of 0.960 in predicting an stroke outcome.ConclusioncircDLGAP4 could serve as biomarker for AIS diagnosis and prediction of stroke outcomes.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-limb and finger function in stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Gengbin , Lin Tuo , Wu Manfeng , Cai Guiyuan , Ding Qian , Xu Jiayue , Li Wanqi , Wu Cheng , Chen Hongying , Lan Yue 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising intervention for stroke rehabilitation. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of rTMS in restoring motor function. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence of the effect of rTMS in improving upper limb function and fine motor recovery in stroke patients.MethodsThree online databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase) were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials. A total of 45 studies (combined n = 2064) were included. Random effects model was used for meta-analysis and effect size was reported as standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsrTMS was effective in improving fine motor function in stroke patients (SMD, 0.38; 95% CI 0.19–0.58; P = 0). On subgroup analyses, for post-stroke functional improvement of the upper extremity, bilateral hemisphere stimulation was more effective than unilateral stimulation during the acute phase of stroke, and a regimen of 20 rTMS sessions produced greater improvement than &lt;20 sessions. In the subacute phase of stroke, affected hemispheric stimulation with a 40-session rTMS regimen was superior to unaffected hemispheric stimulation or bilateral hemispheric stimulation with &lt;40 sessions. Unaffected site stimulation with a 10-session rTMS regimen produced significant improvement in the chronic phase compared to affected side stimulation and bilateral stimulation with &gt;10 rTMS sessions. For the rTMS stimulation method, both TBS and rTMS were found to be significantly more effective in the acute phase of stroke, but TBS was more effective than rTMS. However, rTMS was found to be more effective than TBS stimulation in patients in the subacute and chronic phases of stroke. rTMS significantly improved upper limb and fine function in the short term (0–1-month post-intervention) and medium term (2–5 months), but not for upper limb function in the long term (6 months+). The results should be interpreted with caution due to significant heterogeneity.ConclusionsThis updated meta-analysis provides robust evidence of the efficacy of rTMS treatment in improving upper extremity and fine function during various phases of stroke.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-5-0121/, identifier: INPLASY202250121.
Cerebral small vessel disease and perihematomal edema formation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Cliteur Maaike P. , Sondag Lotte , Wolsink Axel , Rasing Ingeborg , Meijer F. J. A. , Jolink Wilmar M. T. , Wermer Marieke J. H. , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Schreuder Floris H. B. M. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveBlood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The formation of perihematomal edema (PHE) is presumed to reflect acute BBB permeability following ICH. We aimed to assess the association between cSVD burden and PHE formation in patients with spontaneous ICH.MethodsWe selected patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent 3T MRI imaging within 21 days after symptom onset from a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. We rated markers of cSVD (white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes and cerebral microbleeds) and calculated the composite score as a measure of the total cSVD burden. Perihematomal edema formation was measured using the edema extension distance (EED). We assessed the association between the cSVD burden and the EED using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, (log-transformed) ICH volume, ICH location (lobar vs. non-lobar), and interval between symptom onset and MRI.ResultsWe included 85 patients (mean age 63.5 years, 75.3% male). Median interval between symptom onset and MRI imaging was 6 days (IQR 1–19). Median ICH volume was 17.0 mL (IQR 1.4–88.6), and mean EED was 0.54 cm (SD 0.17). We found no association between the total cSVD burden and EED (B = −0.003, 95% CI −0.003–0.03, p = 0.83), nor for any of the individual radiological cSVD markers.ConclusionWe found no association between the cSVD burden and PHE formation. This implies that mechanisms other than BBB dysfunction are involved in the pathophysiology of PHE.
Contrast Sensitivity and Night Driving in Older People: Quantifying the Relationship Between Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, and Hazard Detection Distance in a Night-Time Driving Simulator
Authors: Jones Pete R. , Ungewiss Judith , Eichinger Peter , Wörner Michael , Crabb David P. , Schiefer Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

Purpose(i) To assess how well contrast sensitivity (CS) predicts night-time hazard detection distance (a key component of night driving ability), in normally sighted older drivers, relative to a conventional measure of high contrast visual acuity (VA); (ii) To evaluate whether CS can be accurately quantified within a night driving simulator.Materials and MethodsParticipants were 15 (five female) ophthalmologically healthy adults, aged 55–81 years. CS was measured in a driving simulator using Landolt Cs, presented under static or dynamic driving conditions, and with or without glare. In the dynamic driving conditions, the participant was asked to simultaneously maintain a (virtual) speed of 60 km/h on a country road. In the with glare conditions, two calibrated LED arrays, moved by cable robots, simulated the trajectories and luminance characteristics of the (low beam) headlights of an approaching car. For comparison, CS was also measured clinically (with and without glare) using a Optovist I instrument (Vistec Inc., Olching, Germany). Visual acuity (VA) thresholds were also assessed at high and low contrast using the Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT) under photopic conditions. As a measure of driving performance, median hazard detection distance (MHDD) was computed, in meters, across three kinds of simulated obstacles of varying contrast.ResultsContrast sensitivity and low contrast VA were both significantly associated with driving performance (both P &lt; 0.01), whereas conventional high contrast acuity was not (P = 0.10). There was good correlation (P &lt; 0.01) between CS measured in the driving simulator and a conventional clinical instrument (Optovist I). As expected, CS was shown to decrease in the presence of glare, in dynamic driving conditions, and as a function of age (all P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionContrast sensitivity and low contrast VA predict night-time hazard detection ability in a manner that conventional high contrast VA does not. Either may therefore provide a useful metric for assessing fitness to drive at night, particularly in older individuals. CS measurements can be made within a driving simulator, and the data are in good agreement with conventional clinical methods (Optovist I).
Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia and effects on sleep processes, neural plasticity, and brain systems modulating stress: A narrative review
Authors: Palagini Laura , Bianchini Carlotta 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionInsomnia is a stress-related sleep disorder, may favor a state of allostatic overload impairing brain neuroplasticity, stress immune and endocrine pathways, and may contribute to mental and physical disorders. In this framework, assessing and targeting insomnia is of importance.AimSince maladaptive neuroplasticity and allostatic overload are hypothesized to be related to GABAergic alterations, compounds targeting GABA may play a key role. Accordingly, the aim of this review was to discuss the effect of GABAA receptor agonists, short-medium acting hypnotic benzodiazepines and the so called Z-drugs, at a molecular level.MethodLiterature searches were done according to PRISMA guidelines. Several combinations of terms were used such as “hypnotic benzodiazepines” or “brotizolam,” or “lormetazepam” or “temazepam” or “triazolam” or “zolpidem” or “zopiclone” or “zaleplon” or “eszopiclone” and “insomnia” and “effects on sleep” and “effect on brain plasticity” and “effect on stress system”. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of existing literature, we ended up with a narrative review.ResultsAmong short-medium acting compounds, triazolam has been the most studied and may regulate the stress system at central and peripheral levels. Among Z-drugs eszopiclone may regulate the stress system. Some compounds may produce more “physiological” sleep such as brotizolam, triazolam, and eszopiclone and probably may not impair sleep processes and related neural plasticity. In particular, triazolam, eszopiclone, and zaleplon studied in vivo in animal models did not alter neuroplasticity.ConclusionCurrent models of insomnia may lead us to revise the way in which we use hypnotic compounds in clinical practice. Specifically, compounds should target sleep processes, the stress system, and sustain neural plasticity. In this framework, among the short/medium acting hypnotic benzodiazepines, triazolam has been the most studied compound while among the Z-drugs eszopiclone has demonstrated interesting effects. Both offer potential new insight for treating insomnia.
Adequate 25(OH)D moderates the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiovascular health risk during the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Yin Wan-jun , Yu Li-jun , Wu Lin , Zhang Lei , Li Qiong , Dai Fei-cai , Tao Rui-xue , Jiang Xiao-min , Zhu Peng 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPro-inflammatory diets play an important role in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D has been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory effect and promote cardiovascular health (CVH). However, it is unclear whether adequate vitamin D during pregnancy protects against poor CVH caused by pro-inflammatory diets.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pro-inflammatory diets with the cardiovascular risk (CVR) among pregnant women and whether such association was modified by vitamin D status.MethodsThe study was based on a prospective birth cohort that included 3,713 pregnant women between 16 and 23 gestational weeks. In total, 25(OH)D concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured from the collected blood. The dietary inflammatory potential was evaluated using the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Gestational CVR was evaluated using the CVR score based on five “clinical” CVR metrics, including body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and smoking status.ResultsThe proportion of women with a CVR score &gt;0 was 54.3%. We observed a positive association between the EDIP score and CVR score. Compared with the lowest quartile, the CVR score (β = −0.114, 95% CI, −0.217, −0.011) and hs-CRP levels (β = −0.280, 95% CI, −0.495, −0.065) were lower in the highest quartile (P for trend &lt;0.05). Increased CVR connected with high EDIP score was observed only in women with 25(OH)D concentrations &lt;50 nmol/L (RR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.54). Mediation analysis revealed that the proportion of association between the EDIP score and CVR score mediated by 25(OH)D was 28.7%, and the proportion of the association between 25(OH)D and the CVR score mediated by hs-CRP was 21.9%.ConclusionThe higher dietary inflammatory potential was associated with an increased CVR during pregnancy by promoting inflammation. Adequate vitamin D could exert anti-inflammatory effects and modify such association.