bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of High‐Density Polyethylene through the Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate Using RAFT Technique and Preparation of Its Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites**
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Abbasian Mojtaba , Ghodsi Leila , Karaj‐Abad Saber Ghasemi , Acar Metin Hayri , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh , Jaymand Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA well‐defined method for discovering an easy and effective strategy through graft copolymer derived from poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as a monomer, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and its organoclay nanocomposite with physicochemical and mechanical properties was successfully prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and factors organoclay (Cloisite® 20 A) on the terminal features of the obtained graft copolymer were investigated. First, maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted onto HDPE directed by, the inauguration of an anhydride chain with ethanolamine to develop a hydroxylated high‐density polyethylene (HDPE‐OH). After that, the hydroxyl masses were esterified by using RAFT agent, 4‐cyano‐4‐[(phenyl carbon thionyl) sulfanyl valeric acid to obtain HDPE‐CTA macroinitiator. Then, the MMA monomer was grafted onto HDPE via the RAFT method to obtain the HDPE‐g‐PMMA graft copolymer. In the end, HDPE‐g‐PMMA/clay nanocomposite by a solution intercalation method was synthesized. The structures of the, copolymer and nanocomposite were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It explores for the synthesis of HDPE‐g‐PMMA/clay nanocomposites, disclosed a foliated structure. Based on the thermic behavior, synthesized HDPE‐g‐PMMA/clay nanocomposites can display the above thermic solidity with just some extent (5) of organoclay.
Thermal Behavior and Photovoltaic Application of NiII and CoIII Complexes with Substituted o‐Iminobenzoquinone Ligands
Authors: Pashanova Kira I. , Lazarev Nikolay M. , Kukinov Andrey A. , Zolotukhin Alexey A. , Kovylina Tatyana A. , Trofimova Olesya Yu. , Petrov Boris I. , Piskunov Alexandr V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe thermal properties and an opportunity for photovoltaic applications were studied for a series of transition metal complexes derived on functionalized o‐aminophenols ‐ mixed‐valent CoIII compounds and bis‐o‐iminobenzosemiquinonato NiII complexes. TGA and DSC explored the thermal behavior of compounds in the solid state. EI‐MS established the vapor phase composition. The temperature dependences of a saturated vapor pressure were measured by the Knudsen effusion method with the weight registration of the sublimated substance. Based on the volatility study data, the thermodynamic parameters of a sublimation process were calculated. A high absorptivity distinguishes metal complexes under investigation at visible and NIR regions (i. e., vis/NIR dyes) and, thus, were tested as photosensitizers in the fabricated dye‐sensitized solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) was estimated for devices with the NiII derivatives. The CoIII complexes demonstrated the absence of photovoltaic potential.
Configuring subsidiary performance in ambidextrous networks: The role of top management team diversity and autonomy
Authors: Dahms Sven , Cabrilo Sladjana , Kingkaew Suthikorn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubsidiaries are at the frontline of value creation in modern multinational enterprises. This research is among the first to apply an asset bundling framework to investigate how foreign‐owned subsidiaries achieve higher performance outcomes via ambidextrous network management, that is, with strong exploitative (intraorganizational) as well as strong explorative (interorganizational) network relationships, in emerging markets. Ambidextrous network management may be supplemented by decision‐making autonomy and top management team national diversity. The framework is tested on a sample of subsidiaries located in both Thailand and Singapore. The analysis revealed several configurations that make subsidiaries with ambidextrous networks become successful. Our findings demonstrate to subsidiary managers that exploitation and exploration are complementary for long‐term success in a subsidiary, but that the relative balance between the two is likely to vary according to the nature of subsidiary context‐specific assets.
The role of the diaspora in international sport entrepreneurship
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSport is one of the most international industries in the world and relies on entrepreneurship to ensure its competitiveness. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the sport industry had to rapidly change and adjust to international border closures and reduced physical contact activity. Many people involved in the sport industry are located outside of their home country and form part of the diaspora network of sport professionals. The diaspora is highly active in the sport industry in terms of disseminating ideas and utilizing their social networks for international entrepreneurial purposes. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the diaspora on international sport entrepreneurship thereby contributing a novel approach to the international entrepreneurship, sport entrepreneurship and diaspora entrepreneurship fields in a way that has not been contemplated before. A qualitative research methodology is employed to interview sport entrepreneurs about their diaspora and international entrepreneurship activities. This enables a holistic understanding about the role of international public/private partnerships for the success of innovative and futuristic entrepreneurial sport activity. A theoretical framework based on the interview data was developed that incorporated a three‐level process of international drivers, diaspora types and sport entrepreneurship outcomes. A number of research propositions were then derived from the data that highlight how the sport industry is highly international and relies on internationalization to foster new business activity. Policy and managerial implications about the role of diaspora for international sport entrepreneurship are highlighted together with future research suggestions.
Is lead‐free .22 long rifle ammunition worth a shot?
Authors: McTee Michael , Ramsey Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScavengers may ingest lead bullet fragments embedded in carcasses and offal left behind from hunting. Most studies focus on big game hunting as a primary source of lead exposure. Yet, millions of small mammals are shot annually for damage control and recreation. Ammunition manufacturers have responded to new regulations and accompanying hunter demand for lead‐free bullets by introducing new products. Yet, few lead‐free bullets are commercially available for the .22 long rifle, despite being the most popular cartridge in the world. We measured the precision of lead‐free CCI Copper‐22 ammunition fired from 5 rifles. At 46 m (50 yards), the Copper‐22 achieved comparable group sizes to lead‐based ammunition for 4 of the 5 rifles. Average group sizes of the Copper‐22 ranged from 17 mm to 53 mm (0.7–2.1 in), depending on the rifle. Our testing indicates the Copper‐22 bullets offer suitable precision for hunting and shooting small mammals.
Postmodern Air Power and the Western Way of War
Authors: Osinga Frans 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArguably, while the Western way of war has come to be defined and dominated by the employment of advanced airpower capabilities, how airpower is generated, which logic and considerations inform air operations, and which command processes are involved in planning and conducting air operations are generally poorly understood. Through the lens of the evolution of air warfare, this chapter offers a discussion of air operations: those activities that produce air power. Informed by a Western perspective, it traces the evolution of air power through the decades of interstate warfare to the first decade after the Cold War. These decades of experience spawned current procedures for conducting air operations. This is followed by an overview of developments since 9/11, showing how air operations are now effective in engaging small groups of non-state actors. It concludes with signifying what, as a result of advances in the past three decades, is currently considered the potential military and political value of precision age air operations.
Player Reception of Change and Stability in Character Mechanics
Authors: Välisalo Tanja , Ruotsalainen Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChange is a constant element of online games, and Overwatch as well as its playable characters have been through multiple changes since the launch of the game in 2016. In this chapter, we examine the relationships players have with the playable characters of Overwatch and specifically the role that character mechanics have in these relationships. Changes to game characters are a topic of avid discussion in Overwatch communities and evoke articulations of the meaning of game characters for the players.
A Region of Contenders: Overwatch in Brazil
Authors: Caetano Mayara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the perceptions of Overwatch (Blizzard 2016) in the context of fragile Brazilian esports structures. Applying content and sentiment analysis to media materials published on Brazilian competitive Overwatch, this chapter provides insight into the scene’s working conditions, infrastructural issues, and the community. In conclusion, the argument is that the infrastructural particularities of the country combined with careless decisions and neglectful organizational attitudes compromised the potential of the game’s local esports scene, transforming competitive Overwatch into an unpleasant experience for the majority of Brazilian players. This culminated in the shutdown of the official Contenders competition in 2021.
Returned, Yet Still Not Back: The ‘Status Paradox’ of International Female Migrants Returning to Albania
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the group of women who migrated internationally. To distinguish them from the women who migrated abroad for education (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-92092-0_7) but to avoid limiting this group to only women who migrated for work purposes, I refer to them as international migrant women. Common to this whole group is that after their international migration experience, they returned to Tirana instead of their hometowns. The majority of the women in this group are married, while two are single, and two are divorced. The women who form the core of this chapter are the following:
International Student Returnees: Nowhere at Home
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I explore the experiences of female migrants who migrated to undertake undergraduate or graduate studies rather than specifically for economic or work reasons. I analyse a group of female student migrants who returned to Tirana after their international migratory trajectories. Unlike the other group of international migrants introduced in Chap. 5 all the women in this group migrated with regular student visas and documents, and their destination countries are not limited to Greece and Italy but encompass a wider area.
Scattering amplitudes in the Regge limit and the soft anomalous dimension through four loops
Authors: Falcioni Giulio , Gardi Einan , Maher Niamh , Milloy Calum , Vernazza Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using rapidity evolution equations we study two-to-two gauge-theory scattering amplitudes in the Regge limit. We carry out explicit computations at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy through four loops and present new results for both infrared-singular and finite contributions to the amplitude. New techniques are devised in order to derive the colour structure stemming from three-Reggeon exchange diagrams in terms of commutators of channel operators, obtaining results that are valid for any gauge group, and apply to scattered particles in any colour representation. We also elucidate the separation between contributions to the Regge cut and Regge pole in the real part of the amplitude to all loop orders. We show that planar contributions due to multiple-Reggeon exchange diagrams can be factorised as a Regge pole along with the single-Reggeon exchange, and when this is done, the singular part of the gluon Regge trajectory is directly determined by the cusp anomalous dimension. We explicitly compute the Regge cut component of the amplitude through four loops and show that it is non-planar. From a different perspective, the new results provide important information on soft singularities in general kinematics beyond the planar limit: by comparing the computed corrections to the general form of the four-loop soft anomalous dimension we derive powerful constraints on its kinematic dependence, opening the way for a bootstrap-based determination.
Outcome of laparotomy and conservative treatment of patients with acute mesenteric venous ischemia with viable bowel
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Elmetwally Ahmed Magdy , AbdelMawla Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is one of the most serious abdominal emergencies. Predicting the onset of bowel necrosis that warrants surgical intervention is of paramount importance in AMI. The present study aimed to investigate the outcome of patients with AMI secondary to mesenteric venous occlusion (MVO) and the consequence of non-therapeutic exploratory laparotomy.

Methods
The records of 132 patients with AMI were retrospectively reviewed. The outcome of patients with acute mesenteric venous ischemia (AMVI) and viable bowel was analyzed based on the method of treatment: conservative versus surgical. The impact of non-therapeutic laparotomy on the outcome of patients with AMVI in terms of morbidity, readmission, and mortality was analyzed.

Results
Forty-seven patients (34 male) with AMVI had viable bowel. Of the 47 patients with viable bowel, 8 (17%) had an exploratory non-therapeutic laparotomy, whereas 39 patients were treated conservatively. Patients who had non-therapeutic laparotomy had significantly higher complication (50 vs 5.1%, p = 0.005) and readmission rates (37.5 vs 5.1%, p = 0.03) and longer hospital stay (8.5 vs 7 days, p = 0.02) than those treated conservatively. Patients with bowel necrosis who had a therapeutic laparotomy had slightly lower rates of morbidity and mortality as compared to patients with viable bowel who underwent a non-therapeutic laparotomy.

Conclusion
Careful assessment and informed decision-making in patients with AMVI are crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention that can result in higher rates of complications and readmission and extended hospital stay.
Immuntherapien in der Uroonkologie
Authors: Burger Ralph , Jarczyk Jonas , Westhoff Niklas , Worst Thomas S. , Herrmann Jonas , Merx Kirsten , Weidner Anja , Unglaub Petra , Müller Markus , Nuhn Philipp , Michel Maurice Stephan , von Hardenberg Jost 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) sind seit wenigen Jahren in der Uroonkologie zugelassen. Real-world-Erfahrung zu Nutzen und Risiken bei neuartigen Nebenwirkungen liegt kaum vor.

Material und Methoden
In einer retrospektiven Analyse wurden an zwei Krankenhäusern in Deutschland von 2016–2021 Patienten erfasst, die aufgrund eines metastasierten Nierenzell- (NCC) oder Urothelkarzinoms (UCA) eine ICI-Therapie erhielten. Es wurde das radiologische Ansprechen, das progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS) sowie Nebenwirkungen, die zu einer Therapieunterbrechung führten, erhoben. Das onkologische Ansprechen wurde den Zulassungsstudien gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse
Bei 145 Patienten (111 Männer [77 %] und 34 Frauen [23 %]) wurden 1185 ICI-Zyklen appliziert. 64 (44,1  %) Patienten mit NCC und 81 (55,9 %) Patienten mit UCA erhielten eine ICI-Therapie. Von 141 Patienten mit Verlaufsbildgebung wurde ein objektives Ansprechen bei 21,3 % (n = 13) der Patienten mit NCC und 20,0 % (n = 16) mit UCA beobachtet (mediane Ansprechdauer 14,9 (3,0–51,3) Monate). Das PFS betrug bei Patienten mit NCC im Median 5,3 Monate und mit UCA 4,8 Monate. ICI-assoziierte Nebenwirkungen mit der Notwendigkeit einer Therapieunterbrechung wurden bei 17,2 % der NCC- und 20,9  % der UCA-Patienten beobachtet. Hierbei handelte es sich am häufigsten um renale (5,5 %: Nephritis) und gastrointestinale (4,8 %: Kolitis, Diarrhö) Nebenwirkungen. 22 (15,1 %) Patienten mussten deshalb hospitalisiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Real-world-Erfahrung kann die patientenzentrierte Beratung in der Therapieentscheidung unterstützen. Weitere Studien zu prognostischen Faktoren sind notwendig. Therapieunterbrechungen sind häufig und das Nebenwirkungsspektrum erfordert eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung.
Inflation expectations and consumer spending: the role of household balance sheets
Authors: Lieb Lenard , Schuffels Johannes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch interest in the reaction of consumption to expected inflation has increased in recent years due to efforts by central banks to kick-start demand by steering inflation expectations. We contribute to this literature by analysing whether various components of households’ balance sheets determine how consumption reacts to expected inflation. Two channels in particular are conceivable: an increase in inflation expectations can raise consumption through direct increases in expected real wealth, e.g. for households with nominal financial liabilities. By affecting the real interest rate, expected inflation can interact with wealth if only those households can adapt their consumption to current real interest rates that are not budget-constrained or sufficiently liquid to shift funds between consumption and savings. We investigate these channels empirically using household-level information on balance sheets, durable consumption and inflation expectations from the Dutch Central Bank’s Household Survey. We find that investments in risky assets as well as net worth moderates the relation between expected inflation and durable spending decisions. The net worth effect is most pronounced for households with fixed interest rate mortgages.
Pelvic and spinal postural changes between standing-sitting positions following lumbosacral fusion: a pilot study
Authors: Borgeaud Thomas , Le Huec Jean-Charles , Faundez Antonio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prospective pre-operative and post-operative comparative analysis of radiographic spino-pelvic parameters between sitting versus standing positions of patients with LS fusion, to detect adaptation mechanisms around fused spinal segments.

Methods
Sixteen patients aged 53.9 ± 15.9 who underwent LS fusion between L3 and S1 were extracted from the database of an ongoing prospective study. Different spino-pelvic parameters were evaluated on full spine X-rays, standing, then sitting straight. Parameters were compared pre-operative versus post-operative, and on standing versus sitting X-rays.

Results
Preliminary results revealed a significantly greater pre-operative pelvic tilt (PT) in sitting than standing posture, (p = 0.020) but not in post-operative (p = 0.087). After surgery, PT was lower in sitting compared to pre-operative (p = 0.034) but not in standing (p = 0.245). L4–S1 lordosis was lower in sitting than standing in pre-operative (p = 0.014) and post-operative (p = 0.021). Surgery decreased segmental lordosis above the fusion (PSL, proximal sagittal lordosis) in sitting (p = 0.039) but not in standing (p = 0.193). No significant differences in thoracic kyphosis (TK) were observed. Fusions down to L5 versus S1 showed no significant differences for PT and PSL, neither in sitting versus standing, nor pre-operative versus post-operative.

Conclusion
Before fusion, compared to standing, PT increases in sitting straight posture (pelvic retroversion), and the lumbar spine adapts by decreasing its lordosis, mainly at L4–S1. After fusion, the segments adjacent to the instrumented section, adapt in flexion at lumbosacral and thoracolumbar junctions, i.e. just below and above (PSL). This might have mechanical implications for the occurrence of adjacent segment disease.
Study of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical behavior of PVDF/PEO blend incorporated with nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. , Ismail A. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPure nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs) were prepared by the solvothermal method. Different concentrations of NiFe2O4 were added to PVDF/PEO blend to prepare the PVDF/PEO-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite films. The films were characterized using different techniques in detail. Pure NiFe2O4 NPs images have a semispherical shape and roundness of the edges, with average particle size ~ 4.3–8.8 nm, and polycrystalline structure. Pure NiFe2O4 NPs show that micrometrical agglomeration suggests the presence of pore-free crystallites on the surface. The spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, FTIR, and UV–visible have confirmed the interaction between PVDF/PEO and NiFe2O4 NPs. Still, the nanocomposites exhibit a smooth surface with typical spherulitic clusters revealing the semi-crystalline structure of the PVDF/PEO-NiFe2O4 nanocomposites. The values of ε′ and ε″ were increased as an increase of NiFe2O4 due to the high value of dielectric permittivity of NiFe2O4. The appearance of semi-circles in the plot of M″ with Log confirms the single phase of the samples. The dielectric measurements show that M′ is inversely proportional to ε′. At higher temperatures, M′ levels off at frequencies higher than those at lower temperatures because the relaxation processes were spread over a range of frequencies. The values of saturation magnetization of PVDF/PEO-NiFe2O4 films were linearly increased as an increase of NiFe2O4 indicates improvement in the magnetic vector arrangement. Due to the enhancement of the magnetic properties, they can further exploit the films for magnetic applications.