bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defending workers' rights on social media: Chinese seafarers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tang Lijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the power dynamics in the process of Chinese seafarers' labour rights defence activities on social media during the crew change crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. It shows that while exercising symbolic power is at the core of such activities, the effectiveness of symbolic power depends on the networking/distributing power of hub nodes and associational power of the maritime community to help generate visibility. The hub nodes, however, are subject to tight control in China, and as such, their ability to deploy networking/distributing power is constrained. This suggests that worker power is conditioned by sociopolitical factors.
Retracted: Constructing civic identity among ethnic groups residing in enclaves
Authors: Musabaeva Ainur , Baigabylov Nurlan , Tlespaeva Almash , Uasheva Aizhan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn contemporary world conditions, characterised by rapidly developing social processes, the problem of the study of civic identity as part of social identity is becoming increasingly relevant. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a cross‐sectional study of the factors of constructing the civic identity of residents of the Maktaaral district of Kazakhstan—an enclave in the territory of Uzbekistan. The study involved 350 people from Myrzakent, the administrative centre of the Maktaaral district. The scientific novelty of the study lies in highlighting the main indicators of civic identity that are inherent in citizens of Kazakhstan living in the Maktaaral district in isolation from the parent state. The practical significance of the study is to identify the features of constructing civic identity among residents of this enclave formation. It was found that their civic identity was formed at the level of citizenship, the level of civic consciousness, and the level of patriotism. It was concluded that the territorial isolation of enclaves does not significantly affect the construction of civic identity construction.
A meta‐analysis comparing efficiency of limb‐salvage surgery vs amputation on patients with osteosarcoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed A , Parambi Della G T , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alzarea Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Hassan Ahmed HM , Abdelrahim Mohamed E.A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteogenic sarcoma is the central malignant bone neoplasm affecting the bones of arms and legs and rarely the soft tissues outside the bones. Historically, amputation was the chief surgical technique; currently, the popular standard is limb salvage surgery (LSS), although both procedures' effect on 5‐year‐event survival, 5‐year disease‐free survival rates (DFS) and the local recurrence is uncertain. Therefore, this meta‐study aimed to establish the relationship between the effect of LSS and amputation in subjects with osteogenic carcinoma. A systematic survey till January 2021 to know the effect of LLS vs amputation with subjects treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was conducted. Clinical studies were identified with 9760 subjects with osteosarcoma of the extremities at the beginning of the trial; 7095 of them were managed with limb salvage surgery and 2611 with amputation. This study tried to compare the effects of LSS vs amputation in subjects with osteogenic sarcoma in the extremities. The dichotomous method in statistical analysis was used as a tool for establishing odds ratio (OR) at a confidence interval of 95% (CI) to assess the efficiency of LSS and amputees with osteosarcoma of the extremities with a fixed or random‐effect model. Although patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities managed with LSS were significantly related to a higher local recurrence rate than those treated with amputation, they were also associated with higher 5‐year overall survival (OS) than amputation. Patients showed no significant difference in a 5‐year DFS rate between LSS vs amputation. The subjects who have undergone LSS for osteosarcoma of the extremities may have a higher risk of local recurrence than amputees. However, LSS may increase 5‐year OS compared to amputees. These results depict that local recurrence of osteosarcoma does not influence survival rate. However, more studies are needed to validate this finding.
Ultra‐high‐temperature piezoelectric responses and ultra‐high thermal stability of piezoelectricity in ceramic PbZr0.54Ti0.46O3
Authors: Pu Tao , Chen Hao , Xing Jie , Luo Yaxia , Fan Shibo , Liu Hong , Chen Qiang , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo date, most piezoceramics with a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33 > 500 pC/N) and a high Curie temperature (TC around 400°C) are BiScO3‐PbTiO3‐based (BS‐PT‐based) systems, containing the rare‐earth element Sc, whose high cost hinders mass production. We investigated the effect of Nd‐doping on the morphotropic phase boundary and synthesized low‐cost Nd‐doped PbZr0.54Ti0.46O3 (PZT) piezoceramics, achieving high piezoelectric performance. At room temperature, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 reached 550 pC/N with a TC = 375°C and this changed by only 3.6% over a broad temperature range (30–260°C). The d33 value reached an ultra‐high value of 941 pC/N at 345°C, which is higher than that of a BS‐PT‐based ceramic (810 pC/N at 350°C). The developed PZT ceramic material has a superior electrostrictive strain of 0.45% at 40 kV/cm, and a room temperature piezoelectric coefficient d33* of 1312 pm/V at 20 kV/cm. Our research provides a new paradigm for designing piezoceramics that can be used over a wide temperature range.
Dupilumab ocular side effects in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Neagu N. , Dianzani C. , Avallone G. , Dell’Aquila C. , Morariu S.‐H. , Zalaudek I. , Conforti C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that most frequently occurs in children, but it can also affect adults. Even though most AD cases can be managed with topical treatments, moderate‐to‐severe forms require systemic therapies. Dupilumab is the first human monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of AD. Its action is through IL‐4 receptor alpha subunit inhibition, thus blocking IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling pathways. It has been shown to be an effective, well‐tolerated therapy for AD, as well as for asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, an increasing incidence of dupilumab‐induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) has been reported in patients treated with dupilumab, as compared to placebo. The aim of this study was to summarize scientific data regarding DIOSD in AD patients treated with dupilumab. A search of PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases was performed. There was no limit to study design. All AD cases were moderate‐to‐severe. DIOSD was either dermatologist‐, allergist‐, or ophthalmologist‐assessed. Evidence shows that DIOSD occurs most frequently in patients with atopic dermatitis and not in other skin conditions, neither in patients with asthma, CRSwNP, nor EoE who are on dupilumab treatment. Further studies are warranted in order to establish a causal relationship between dupilumab and ocular surface disease. Nevertheless, ophthalmological evaluations prior to dupilumab initiation can benefit AD patients with previous ocular pathology or current ocular symptomatology. Also, patch testing for ocular allergic contact dermatitis might be advantageous in patients with a history of allergic conjunctivitis. Furthermore, TARC, IgE, and circulating eosinophils levels might be important biomarkers for a baseline assessment of future candidates to dupilumab treatment. However, TARC measurements should be resumed for research purposes only.
Postoperative surgical site infection rate in patients with diabetes following Mohs micrographic surgery: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Hansen T. , Gangal A. , Hijab E. , Barrett D. , Yeung H. , Cao Y. , Switchenko J. , Blalock T.W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of surgical site infection (SSI) following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) amongst patients with diabetes is largely unknown.ObjectiveEvaluate diabetes as a potential SSI risk factor in MMS by comparing SSI incidence in a cohort of patients with and without diabetes.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective review to determine SSI rate in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. SSI incidence in patients with diabetes was further compared by A1c, and the impact of antibiotics on SSI rate was also examined.ResultsOverall rate of SSI was 1.47% (53/3597 cases). SSI rate amongst patients with diabetes was 1.95% (14/719 cases) compared to 1.35% (39/2878 cases) in patients without diabetes, with a non‐significant odds ratio for SSI of 1.45 (95% CI = 0.78–2.68, P = 0.241). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed no difference in SSI. Stratification of diabetic patients by A1c into ≥7.0 and <7.0 compared to patients without diabetes yielded no statistically significant difference in SSI amongst all groups (P = 0.815). Whether an antibiotic was prescribed did not significantly impact SSI rate between groups.ConclusionNo significant difference in postoperative SSI was found in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes following MMS regardless of degree of glycaemic control.
Trends in advance care planning and end‐of‐life care among persons living with dementia requiring surrogate decision‐making
Authors: Gotanda Hiroshi , Walling Anne M. , Reuben David B. , Lauzon Marie , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated positive impacts of advance care planning (ACP) on end‐of‐life (EOL) care. We sought to examine trends in ACP and EOL care intensity among persons living with dementia who required surrogate decision‐making in their final days of life.MethodsWe analyzed the participants of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative longitudinal panel study of U.S. residents, with dementia 70 years and older who required surrogate decision‐making in the final days of life and died between 2000 and 2014. Based on surrogate reports after the death of a participant, our study measured the completion of three specific types of patient‐engaged ACP (written EOL care instructions, assignment of a durable power of attorney for healthcare, patient engagement in EOL care discussions) and four measures of EOL care in the final days of life (death in hospital, receipt of life‐prolonging treatments, limiting or withholding certain treatments, and receipt of comfort‐oriented care). All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of HRS.ResultsAmong 870 adults (weighted N = 2,812,380) with dementia who died in 2000–2014 and required surrogate decision‐making at EOL, only 34.8% of patients participated in all three aspects of ACP, and there was not a significant increase in ACP completion between 2000 and 2014. The receipt of life‐prolonging treatments in the final days of life has increased over time (adjusted change per year, 1.4 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.2 pp; P‐for‐trend = 0.002), while the percentage of death in hospital, limiting or withholding certain treatments, or comfort‐oriented care did not change.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the rates of ACP completion have not increased over time despite its potential benefits and life‐prolonging treatments are still common among PLWD who require surrogate decision‐making, a population who might benefit greatly from early ACP.
Ontogenetic changes to metacarpal trabecular bone structure in mountain and western lowland gorillas
Authors: Deckers Kim , Tsegai Zewdi J. , Skinner Matthew M. , Zeininger Angel , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe trabecular bone morphology of adult extant primates has been shown to reflect mechanical loading related to locomotion. However, ontogenetic studies of humans and other mammals suggest an adaptive lag between trabecular bone response and current mechanical loading patterns that could result in adult trabecular bone morphology reflecting juvenile behaviours. This study investigates ontogenetic changes in the trabecular bone structure of the third metacarpal of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei; n = 26) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla; n = 26) and its relationship to expected changes in locomotor loading patterns. Results show that trabecular bone reflects predicted mechanical loading throughout ontogeny. Bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular number are low at birth and increase with age, although degree of anisotropy remains relatively stable throughout ontogeny. A high concentration of bone volume fraction can be observed in the distopalmar region of the third metacarpal epiphysis in early ontogeny, consistent with the high frequency of climbing, suspensory and other grasping behaviours in young gorillas. High trabecular bone concentration increases dorsally in the epiphysis during the juvenile period as terrestrial knuckle‐walking becomes the primary form of locomotion. However, fusion of the epiphysis does not take place until 10–11 years of age, and overall trabecular structure does not fully reflect the adult pattern until 12 years of age, indicating a lag between adult‐like behaviours and adult‐like trabecular morphology. We found minimal differences in trabecular ontogeny between mountain and western lowland gorillas, despite presumed variation in the frequencies of arboreal locomotor behaviours. Altogether, ontogenetic changes in Gorilla metacarpal trabecular structure reflect overall genus‐level changes in locomotor behaviours throughout development, but with some ontogenetic lag that should be considered when drawing functional conclusions from bone structure in extant or fossil adolescent specimens.
Air‐toxin technique: Introduction and analysis of effect using a photoimaging system
Authors: Kang Seung Hoon , Han Yujin , Kim Hei Sung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs an alternative to other approaches to facial rejuvenation, the air‐toxin technique (dermal injection of air with micro‐doses of botulinum toxin) is a promising method. We aimed to describe this novel technique and assess the overall safety and efficacy of the air‐toxin technique in facial rejuvenation.Materials and methodsA retrospective chart review was performed on cases treated with the air‐toxin technique. A total of 47 Korean patients underwent a single treatment session. Treatment efficacy was assessed objectively with serial VISIA® (Canfield Scientific, NJ, USA) skin analysis data and subjectively based on the patients’ assessment scores at Week 12.ResultsA significant improvement in wrinkle (p < 0.001), UV spot (p < 0.001), and porphyrin (p = 0.005) was objectively seen at 12 weeks follow‐up. Patients noted improvement in the categories wrinkle (p < 0.01), redness (p = 0.029), texture (p < 0.001), dilated pore (p < 0.001), and lifting (p < 0.001) at Week 12 compared to baseline. No major adverse event was reported.ConclusionsOur data show that the air‐toxin technique is efficacious in facial rejuvenation as shown by improved skin analysis parameters and patient assessment scores. Notably, there was some discrepancy between the objective and subjective parameters of improvement.
Glandular odontogenic cysts: A collaborative investigation of 22 cases and proteins related to invasiveness
Authors: da Silva Karine Duarte , Neutzling Gomes Ana Paula , Balbinot Karolyny Martins , Sena Yasmim Rodrigues , Mosconi Carla , de Mendonça Elismauro Franscisco , Chaves Tarquinio Sandra Beatriz , de Melo Alves Junior Sérgio , de Jesus Viana Pinheiro João , de Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) has an intriguing, aggressive behaviour whose mechanisms have not yet been clarified.ObjectiveTo conduct a collaborative cross‐sectional study on the clinical, demographic, microscopic and immunohistochemical characteristics of GOCs, emphasizing the histopathological characteristics and expression of proteins related to invasiveness.MethodsTwenty‐two cases of GOC from three oral and maxillofacial pathology services in Brazil were selected from 1988 to 2018. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Histopathological features were evaluated in detail. Sixteen cases of GOC were also submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect MT1‐MMP, TKS4, TKS5 and cortactin, the key regulators of invadopodia formation.ResultsGlandular odontogenic cysts were primarily seen in men over 40 years of age, in the posterior mandible and the anterior maxilla as a unilocular, radiolucent lesion. All cases presented hobnail cells, clear cells and variable thickness of the lining epithelium, 3 of the 10 key histopathological parameters to be evaluated in GOCs. Immunohistochemistry revealed a greater expression of the studied proteins in the GOCs than in the controls (p < 0.0001).ConclusionOverexpression of proteins that regulate cell invasiveness was identified, and the present study's findings suggest that invadopodia activity is a possible mechanism used by GOCs to promote local invasion, which could partly explain its intriguing biological behaviour.
Predictors of parent's knowledge of hospital‐based pediatric falls
Authors: Sheppard‐Law Suzanne , Brogan Frances , Usherwood Frances , Hunstead Paul , Shala Danielle‐Ritz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to validate and to determine the individual characteristics and demographic factors associated with parents’ knowledge of hospital‐based pediatric falls and to identify parent populations more likely to report low levels of falls‐related knowledge.DesignValidation of a questionnaire and a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsParents (n = 200) of hospitalized children admitted to a tertiary specialist pediatric hospital in Australia completed an online questionnaire. Parents were asked to rate their hospital‐based falls knowledge using a Likert scale (1–5). The questionnaire was administered to parents across six hospital wards, 1 day a week, from May to August 2019. Validation of the questionnaire involved factor analyses and reliability tests. Finally, descriptive analysis measured parents' knowledge, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis reported factors associated with parents’ falls knowledge. All data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V27). Ethical approval was received for all stages.ResultsThe final version of the parent knowledge of falls (PKOF) questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across five domains (Cronbach α = .929–.70). Parents’ knowledge of hospital‐based falls ranged from 2.5 to 4.5, while knowledge that children may fall during parental presence rated the lowest score. Knowledge of inpatient falls was higher if their child had a high risk of falls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1, p = .04) and they were Australian‐born parents (OR: 1.9, p = .05).Practice ImplicationsThe PKOF questionnaire is an evidence‐based instrument developed for a pediatric hospital setting. Findings highlight knowledge gaps and parent groups with the highest risk of having inadequate hospital‐based falls knowledge. The questionnaire enables pediatric nurses and educators to measure parents' knowledge of hospital‐based falls accurately and consistently, and so to identify gaps and, subsequently, develop, implement, and evaluate falls education using an evidence‐based approach.
Soluble inflammatory mediators identify HCV patients who may be cured with four weeks of antiviral treatment
Authors: Khera Tanvi , Madsen Lone Wulff , Du Yanqin , Lillevang Søren Thue , Christensen Peer Brehm , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoluble inflammatory mediators (SIM) can be predictive of treatment outcome in antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Recently, it was shown that a subgroup of patients can be cured with four weeks of therapy. We here profiled patients for 70 SIM before and during treatment of hepatitis C with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) +/− ribavirin. Proximity extension assay was performed in a total of 32 patients. Pre‐treatment SIM profiles did not distinguish patients achieving an SVR (n = 21) from patients experiencing antiviral relapse (n = 11). However, after 4 weeks of therapy, eight markers were identified that could distinguish patients with SVR from the relapsed group, namely MMP‐10, CCL20, CXCL11, FGF‐23, TNF, MCP‐2, IL‐18R1 and CXCL10. Thus, this study shows that a distinct on‐treatment immune profile is associated with cure of HCV infection after ultrashort treatment.
Temporal changes in pathogen diversity in a perennial plant–pathogen–hyperparasite system
Authors: Stauber Lea , Croll Daniel , Prospero Simone 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHyperparasites can affect the evolution of pathosystems by influencing the stability of both pathogen and host populations. However, how pathogens of perennial hosts evolve in the presence of a hyperparasite has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated temporal changes in genetic diversity of the invasive chestnut blight pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica in the presence of its parasitic mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). The virus reduces fungal virulence and represents an effective natural biocontrol agent against chestnut blight in Europe. We analysed genome‐wide diversity and CHV1 prevalence in C. parasitica populations in southern Switzerland that were sampled twice at an interval of about 30 years. Overall, we found that both pathogen population structure and CHV1 prevalence were retained over time. The results suggest that recent bottlenecks have influenced the structure of C. parasitica populations in southern Switzerland. Strong balancing selection signals were found at a single vegetative incompatibility (vic) locus, consistent with negative frequency‐dependent selection imposed by the vegetative incompatibility system. High levels of mating among related individuals (i.e., inbreeding) and genetic drift are probably at the origin of imbalanced allele ratios at vic loci and subsequently low vc type diversity. Virus infection rates were stable at ~30% over the study period and we found no significant impact of the virus on fungal population diversity. Consequently, the efficacy of CHV1‐mediated biocontrol was probably retained.
Immunity functions of Arabidopsis pathogenesis‐related 1 are coupled but not confined to its C‐terminus processing and trafficking
Authors: Pečenková Tamara , Pejchar Přemysl , Moravec Tomáš , Drs Matěj , Haluška Samuel , Šantrůček Jiří , Potocká Andrea , Žárský Viktor , Potocký Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis‐related 1 (PR1) proteins are members of the cross‐kingdom conserved CAP superfamily (from Cysteine‐rich secretory protein, Antigen 5, and PR1 proteins). PR1 mRNA expression is frequently used for biotic stress monitoring in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms of its cellular processing, localization, and function are still unknown. To analyse the localization and immunity features of Arabidopsis thaliana PR1, we employed transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of the tagged full‐length PR1 construct, and also disrupted variants with C‐terminal truncations or mutations. We found that en route from the endoplasmic reticulum, the PR1 protein transits via the multivesicular body and undergoes partial proteolytic processing, dependent on an intact C‐terminal motif. Importantly, only nonmutated or processing‐mimicking variants of PR1 are secreted to the apoplast. The C‐terminal proteolytic cleavage releases a protein fragment that acts as a modulator of plant defence responses, including localized cell death control. However, other parts of PR1 also have immunity potential unrelated to cell death. The described modes of the PR1 contribution to immunity were found to be tissue‐localized and host plant ontogenesis dependent.