bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A participative system methodology to model pest dynamics in an agricultural setting
Authors: Blanco Martha , Montes Felipe , Borrero-Echeverry Felipe , Solano-Blanco Alfaima L. , Gomez Camilo , Zuluaga Paola , Rivera-Trujillo Hugo Fernando , Rincon Diego F. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aims to identify the most relevant causal factors and the feedback loops of the dynamics between Tuta absoluta incidence in tomato crops and farmers' reactions to the problem. The authors seek to develop a conceptual model based on farmers' know-how to address crop damage by T. absoluta at a local and regional levels in order to determine how to confront this problem in the tomato-growing region of Sáchica, Colombia.Design/methodology/approachCommunity-Based System Dynamics (CBSD) is a participatory research methodology in which a group of stakeholders identifies relevant variables and the cause-effect relations among them which are then arranged into a causal loop diagram. The authors implemented this methodology in a workshop, focused on the farmers' insights related to the pest situation at the local and regional level, to achieve a causal loop diagram that explained pest dynamics and their potential management.FindingsThe relevant factors for the presence of T. absoluta, seen in the causal loop diagram, vary regionally and locally. At the local level, the pest impacts tomato production, farmers' well-being and their cash flow, while at the regional level, it affects market dynamics and environment and promotes regional coordination among farmers. Farmers propose product innocuity as a key regional objective. They also proposed establishing a planting calendar and census of greenhouses to control the pest throughout the region and the tomato supply.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the synthesized model could not be validated with the farmers due to the COVID 19 epidemic. However, the authors held sessions with experts to analyze each result. Second, decision-makers from the local government did not participate in the workshop. Nevertheless, the approach of the workshop was aimed at understanding the mental models of the farmers since they are the ones who decide how pests are managed. Finally, even though farmers showed interest in projects aimed at proposing area-wide, long-term and wide pest control strategies, there is a risk that they will not adopt the proposed changes, due to risk aversion.Originality/valueCBSD has not been applied to agricultural systems to analyze impacts from pests at the local and regional levels. The results of this study contribute to designing future interventions for pest control in the region, along with the factors which may turn out to be “side effects” or unwanted results. To design pest control interventions at a regional level, a sound understanding of the variables or factors that control the system dynamics at various levels is required. This study represents the first step towards that end.
An empirical study on the impact of learning theory on gamification-based training programs
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen , Gokhale Prayag , Satish Y.M. , Tigadi Basavaraj 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate gamification-based training program through the lens of self-determination theory and in the context of corporate training programs. It integrates the self-determination theory, game elements and learning outcomes in gamified training programs to derive insights.

Design/methodology/approach
Data is sourced from software development companies operating in the city of Bangalore in India. It applies the partial least square structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between the self-determination learning theory and game elements and the impact it has on learning outcomes.

Findings
As a precursor to the development of a game-like learning ecosystem, the authors study the perception of trainers and human resource managers toward game-based training programs in the organization. The authors find that game-based learning makes training more engaging, immersive and contextual for the learners.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on a specific sector, i.e. software development companies, and so the results may lack in generalizability. Future research, therefore, may consider other industrial sectors such as manufacturing, banking and telecom to understand the relationship between the constructs.

Practical implications
This study provides insights for the trainers, human resource managers and academicians on the effectiveness of gamification-based training programs. It also provides information on how the learning theory can be leveraged to understand gamification-based training programs.

Social implications
This work fulfills an identified need of the training industry to understand new methods of training with an aim to improve the learning outcomes among the learners.

Originality/value
This study provides a deep understanding on the effectiveness of training tools such as gamified training programs in enhancing and improving the learning outcomes among the learners.
Contribution of proteases to the hallmarks of aging and to age‐related neurodegeneration
Authors: Rai Mamta , Curley Michelle , Coleman Zane , Demontis Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein quality control ensures the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins. Derangement of proteostasis is a primary cause of aging and age‐associated diseases. The ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy‐lysosome play key roles in proteostasis but, in addition to these systems, the human genome encodes for ~600 proteases, also known as peptidases. Here, we examine the role of proteases in aging and age‐related neurodegeneration. Proteases are present across cell compartments, including the extracellular space, and their substrates encompass cellular constituents, proteins with signaling functions, and misfolded proteins. Proteolytic processing by proteases can lead to changes in the activity and localization of substrates or to their degradation. Proteases cooperate with the autophagy‐lysosome and ubiquitin–proteasome systems but also have independent proteolytic roles that impact all hallmarks of cellular aging. Specifically, proteases regulate mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, cellular senescence, nutrient sensing, stem cell properties and regeneration, protein quality control and stress responses, and intercellular signaling. The capacity of proteases to regulate cellular functions translates into important roles in preserving tissue homeostasis during aging. Consequently, proteases influence the onset and progression of age‐related pathologies and are important determinants of health span. Specifically, we examine how certain proteases promote the progression of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and/or Parkinson's disease whereas other proteases protect from neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, cleavage by proteases can lead to the degradation of a pathogenic protein and hence impede disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, proteases can generate substrate byproducts with increased toxicity, which promote disease progression. Altogether, these studies indicate the importance of proteases in aging and age‐related neurodegeneration.
Paediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy in a rural setting: a retrospective study over a period of 6‐years
Authors: Key Seraphina , Alnimri Feras , Ney Blair , De Freitas Ryan , Paddle Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSwan Hill District Health (SHDH) provides Otolaryngological services to outer regional Victoria. A preoperative checklist determines eligibility for tonsillectomy, and the role of preoperative investigations such as oximetry. Visiting specialists who provide T&A also remain on‐site for 24 h post‐surgery. Management of post‐discharge complications is supported by SHDH's Emergency Department. Unstable patients are transferred to tertiary care hospitals. This study examines the safety outcomes associated with rural Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy (T&A) and the impact of peri‐operative protocols on these outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all paediatric (2–18 years old) patients undergoing T&A from August 2014 to June 2020 at SHDH. Four external hospital databases which accept patient transfers from SHDH were searched for T&A‐related complications. The primary outcome was complication incidence. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, and rates of hospital readmissions, return to theatre and inter‐hospital transfer.ResultsTwo hundred and four patients were included, with median age 6 years old; 68.1% (n = 139/204) had obstructive sleep apnoea, or sleep disordered breathing, wherein 36.0% (n = 50/139) had documented evidence of normal/inconclusive oximetry. The complication rate is 6.9% (n = 14/204), with two intraoperative, five perioperative and seven post‐discharge complications. All intra‐ and peri‐operative complications were managed locally. All post‐discharge complications presented to outer regional EDs. Two patients required inter‐hospital transfer for monitoring of post‐tonsillectomy bleeds in a specialist unit.ConclusionsPatients who pass a preoperative risk checklist can safely undergo T&A in selected rural settings which adhere to strict patient selection criteria and implement safety measures to address complications.
Nap effects on preschool children’s learning of letter‐sound mappings
Authors: Wang Hua‐Chen , Nation Kate , Gaskell M. Gareth , Robidoux Serje , Weighall Anna , Castles Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored whether a daytime nap aids children's acquisition of letter‐sound knowledge, which is a fundamental component for learning to read. Thirty‐two preschool children in Sydney, Australia (Mage = 4 years;3 months) were taught letter‐sound mappings in two sessions: one followed by a nap and the other by a wakeful period. Learning was assessed by explicit letter‐sound mappings (“Which sound does this letter make?”) and knowledge generalization tasks (“Here's Tav and Cav, which one is /kav/?”). Results from the knowledge generalization task showed better performance after a nap than after wake. However, no nap benefit was found for explicit letter‐sound knowledge. This study provides initial evidence that naps could be beneficial for preschool children's learning of letter‐sound mappings.
The association between family routines and parents' different working hour schedules
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Yuen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper adopts hierarchical regression and ANOVA techniques to analyse the data from ‘Child Well‐being Study in Greater Taipei’ in view of examining the association between the practice of family routines and different work schedules for parents with children in primary school. The findings conclude that family routines are relatively unstable when parents work atypical hours, with this association more significant for mothers than for fathers. Moreover, the practice of family routines becomes more unstable when the number of parents working atypical hours increases, while there is no significant change when more parents take jobs with flexible working hours.
The Bigh Daddy Show: The potentiality and shortcomings of countering Islamic State through animated satire
Authors: Mustafa Balsam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the following question: how can animated satire constitute a tool of resistance against terrorist groups and their extremist narratives? To answer this question, I examine an Iraqi animated satirical show produced from late 2015 to 2017 to support the military campaign against Islamic State (IS) by turning the self‐proclaimed caliph and other IS terrorists into objects of derision, detached from Iraq and Islam. Engaging with critical approaches to satire and counter/alternative narratives, I argue that the case under analysis has possibilities and limitations. On the one hand, the show attempted to alienate IS from Iraqis and Muslims and unite them in one front in the fight against the group by highlighting the Iraqi identity and exposing contradictions in its narratives. On the other hand, it reinforced problematic conspiracy theory discourses about IS's origin, as well as racial and gender stereotypes, ironically producing another set of contradictions.
Incident and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in relation to comorbidities: Prediction of outcomes using machine‐learning algorithms
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Genaidy Ash , Tran George , Marroquin Patricia , Estes Cara , Shnaiden Tatiana , Bayewitz Ariel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, incident and recurrent MI remains a major health issue worldwide, and efforts to improve risk prediction in population health studies are needed. This may help the scalability of prevention strategies and management in terms of healthcare cost savings and improved quality of care.MethodsWe studied a large‐scale population of 4.3 million US patients from different socio‐economic and geographical areas from three health plans (Commercial, Medicare, Medicaid). Individuals had medical/pharmacy benefits for at least 30 months (2 years for comorbid history and followed up for 6 months or more for clinical outcomes). Machine‐learning (ML) algorithms included supervised (logistic regression, neural network) and unsupervised (decision tree, gradient boosting) methodologies. Model discriminant validity, calibration and clinical utility were performed separately on allocated test sample (1/3 of original data).ResultsIn the absence of MI in comorbid history, the overall incidence rates were 0.442 cases/100 person‐years and in the presence of MI history, 0.652. ML algorithms showed that supervised formulations had incrementally higher discriminant validity than unsupervised techniques (e.g., for incident MI outcome in the absence of MI in comorbid history: logistic regression “LR” – c index 0.921, 95%CI 0.920–0.922; neural network “NN” – c index 0.914, 95%CI 0.913–0.915; gradient boosting “GB” – c index 0.902, 95%CI 0.900–0.904; decision tree “DT” – c index 0.500, 95%CI 0.495–0.505). Calibration and clinical utility showed good to excellent results.ConclusionML algorithms can substantially improve the prediction of incident and recurrent MI particularly in terms of the non‐linear formulation. This approach may help with improved risk prediction, allowing implementation of cardiovascular prevention strategies across diversified sub‐populations with different clusters of complexity.
Intrahousehold moral hazard frictions and household poverty traps in rural India
Authors: Pattison‐Williams John K. , Marcoul Philippe , Mohapatra Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe empirically study the role of assets held by women in the creation of household wealth using data from rural India. We design a streamlined model of intrahousehold project funding where moral hazard frictions between spouses and women's asset control are the main ingredients. As predicted by the model, the data show that household asset accumulation depends on women's asset control in a non‐monotonic way. Results indicate no presence of multiple equilibrium poverty traps, but do show that exogenous negative shocks will trigger assets aggregation within households where both spouses are present. This resilience mechanism is, however, not found in female headed household as these households have a monotonic relationship between women's wealth control and asset creation. We thus argue that policies to support women's empowerment need to distinguish women based on their individual wealth levels and headship status to enhance household well‐being in remote Indian communities.
Chest computer tomography is safe without additional interrogation or monitoring for modern cardiac implantable electrical devices
Authors: Tsutsui Kenta , Kato Ritsushi , Mori Hitoshi , Kawano Daisuke , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Matsumoto Kei , Tanaka Naomichi , Hoya Hiroki , Seki Kaname , Yokoyama Shinji , Yoshida Yuzuru , Iida Shinichiro , Yamamoto Keiji , Nakano Shintaro , Iwanaga Shiro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Matsumoto Kazuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhether diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is safe in recent models remains unknown.MethodsA two‐centers observational study. Over 14 years, consecutive 2362 chest CT scans (1666 pacemakers [PMs], 145 cardiac resynchronization therapy PM, 316 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, and 233 cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator) were interrogated and monitored upon imaging.ResultsElectromagnetic interference occurred only in a few old models: InSync 8040 (n = 14), InSync III Marquis (n = 1), and Kappa (n = 4), which resulted no adverse events.ConclusionCIEDs, especially recent ones, are confirmed safe on chest CT.
Characterization of genome‐wide long terminal repeat retrotransposons provide insights into trait evolution of four grapevine species
Authors: He Guang‐Qi , Jin Hui‐Ying , Cheng Yi‐Zhe , Yu Yi‐He , Guo Da‐Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrapevine is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Although long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are thought to have played an important role in plants, its distribution in grapevine is not clear. Here, we identified genome‐wide intact LTR retrotransposons in a total of six high‐quality grapevine genomes from Vitis vinifera L., Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel., Vitis riparia Michx. and Vitis amurensis Rupr. with an average of 2938 per genome. Among them, the Copia superfamily (particularly for Ale) is a major component of the LTR retrotransposon in grapevine. Insertion time and copy number analysis revealed that the expansion of 70% LTR retrotransposons concentrating on approximately 2.5 Ma was able to drive genome size variation. Phylogenetic tree and syntenic analyses showed that most LTR retrotransposons in these genomes formed and evolved after species divergence. Furthermore, the function and expression of genes inserted by LTR retrotransposons in V. vinifera (Pinot noir) and V. riparia were explored. The length and expression of genes related to starch metabolism and quinone synthesis pathway in Pinot noir and environmental adaptation pathway in V. riparia were significantly affected by LTR retrotransposon insertion. The results improve the understanding of LTR retrotransposons in grapevine genomes and provide insights for its potential contribution to grapevine trait evolution.
Transcriptomic changes during the establishment of long‐term methyl jasmonate‐induced resistance in Norway spruce
Authors: Wilkinson Samuel W. , Dalen Lars S. , Skrautvol Thomas O. , Ton Jurriaan , Krokene Paal , Mageroy Melissa H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNorway spruce (Picea abies) is an economically and ecologically important tree species that grows across northern and central Europe. Treating Norway spruce with jasmonate has long‐lasting beneficial effects on tree resistance to damaging pests, such as the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associates. The (epi)genetic mechanisms involved in such long‐lasting jasmonate induced resistance (IR) have gained much recent interest but remain largely unknown. In this study, we treated 2‐year‐old spruce seedlings with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and challenged them with the I. typographus vectored necrotrophic fungus Grosmannia penicillata. MeJA treatment reduced the extent of necrotic lesions in the bark 8 weeks after infection and thus elicited long‐term IR against the fungus. The transcriptional response of spruce bark to MeJA treatment was analysed over a 4‐week time course using mRNA‐seq. This analysis provided evidence that MeJA treatment induced a transient upregulation of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene biosynthesis genes and downstream signalling genes. Our data also suggests that defence‐related genes are induced while genes related to growth are repressed by methyl jasmonate treatment. These results provide new clues about the potential underpinning mechanisms and costs associated with long‐term MeJA‐IR in Norway spruce.
Theoretical Analysis of a Self-Condensing CO2 Transcritical Power Cycle With Regeneration Involving Dense Particle Suspensions in a Solar Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Modi Atharva , Tariq Syed , Lahiri Kaustuv , Srinivasan Periaswamy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The choice of heat transfer fluids (HTFs) significantly dictates the thermal efficiency of the solar power plant. Presently, molten salt is widely used choice owing to its phase, low cost, and non-toxic nature. Along with other alternatives like liquid metals and multiphase fluids, these HTFs are limited to peak operating temperatures ranging from 300 to 550 °C. With the introduction of dense particle suspensions as an HTF, the highest operating temperatures in a solar thermal power plant can reach up to 700 °C, offering considerable scope for improving thermal efficiency. Due to the higher average specific heat as compared to the alternatives, CO2 is a promising working fluid in the considered range of moderately high operating temperatures. The cost of the components and size of the power block make the transcritical CO2 cycle an attractive alternative. The present work analyzes the theoretical efficiency of the proposed cycle, with the peak operating temperature ranging from 550 °C to 700 °C. The effects of the variation in the lower operating pressure and the condensation temperature have also been analyzed. It is observed that thermodynamic efficiencies as high as 40% can be reached at the maximum operating temperature. The optimum combination of the lower operating pressure and the condensation temperature is also noted.
Verification of MOOSE/Bison's Heat Conduction Solver Using Combined Spatiotemporal Convergence Analysis
Authors: Toptan Aysenur , Porter Nathan W. , Hales Jason D. , Jiang Wen , Spencer Benjamin W. , Novascone Stephen R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bison is a computational physics code that uses the finite element method to model the thermo-mechanical response of nuclear fuel. Since Bison is used to inform high-consequence decisions, it is important that its computational results are reliable and predictive. One important step in assessing the reliability and predictive capabilities of a simulation tool is the verification process, which quantifies numerical errors in a discrete solution relative to the exact solution of the mathematical model. One step in the verification process—called code verification—ensures that the implemented numerical algorithm is a faithful representation of the underlying mathematical model, including partial differential or integral equations, initial and boundary conditions, and auxiliary relationships. In this paper, the code verification process is applied to spatiotemporal heat conduction problems in Bison. Simultaneous refinement of the discretization in space and time is employed to reveal any potential mistakes in the numerical algorithms for the interactions between the spatial and temporal components of the solution. For each verification problem, the correct spatial and temporal order of accuracy is demonstrated for both first- and second-order accurate finite elements and a variety of time-integration schemes. These results provide strong evidence that the Bison numerical algorithm for solving spatiotemporal problems reliably represents the underlying mathematical model in MOOSE. The selected test problems can also be used in other simulation tools that numerically solve for conduction or diffusion.