bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albumin and C-reactive protein relate to functional and body composition parameters in patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation after acute hospitalization: findings from the RESORT cohort
Authors: Van Ancum Jeanine M. , Tuttle Camilla S. L. , Koopman René , Pijnappels Mirjam , Meskers Carel G. M. , Paul Sanjoy K. , Lim Wen Kwang , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Lynch Gordon S. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) are non-specific markers of inflammation, which could affect muscle tissue during acute hospitalization. We investigated the association between albumin and CRP during acute hospitalization with functional and body composition parameters in patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation.

Methods
The REStORing Health of Acutely Unwell AdulTs (RESORT) cohort includes geriatric rehabilitation patients assessed for change in activities of daily living (ADL, using the Katz index) during acute hospitalization, and subsequently for Katz ADL, gait speed (GS), handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) at geriatric rehabilitation admission. Albumin and CRP average (median), variation (interquartile range), and maximum or minimum were collected from serum samples, and were examined for their association with functional and body composition parameters using multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and length of acute hospital stay.

Results
1769 Inpatients were included for analyses (mean age 82.6 years ± 8.1, 56% female). Median length of acute hospitalization was 7 [IQR 4, 13] days and median number of albumin and CRP measurements was 5 [IQR 3, 12] times. ADL declined in 89% of patients (median − 3 points, IQR − 4, − 2). Lower average albumin, higher albumin variation and lower minimum albumin were associated with larger declines in ADL and with lower ADL, GS, HGS and SMI at geriatric rehabilitation admission. Higher average and maximum CRP were associated with lower GS.

Conclusion
Inflammation, especially lower albumin concentrations, during acute hospitalization is associated with lower physical function at geriatric rehabilitation admission.
Release mechanisms and waves interaction during liquified CO2 depressurization in a double-membrane conical vessel
Authors: M. Ibrahim Osama , Hansen Per Morten , Bjerketvedt Dag , Vågsæther Knut 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An unintended release of liquid CO2 during its transport results in depressurization with rapid phase transitions, evaporation, and expansion. Such progression may lead to catastrophic container failure with boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE). Therefore, to design safe CO2 transport structures, it is essential to investigate the processes associated with CO2 depressurization. This paper presents a new test rig combining a divergent cross-sectional test vessel with a double-membrane rupturing system. The rig is designed to study the effect of diverging cross sections on phase transition rates and wave propagation during liquid CO2 depressurization. The apparatus has a high-pressure (HP) conical-shaped vessel and a medium-pressure slip-on flange section (MPS) that separates two membranes. The main contribution is examining rupturing methods and subsequent generated waves behavior to evaluate the installation performance. Pressure histories and high-speed video recordings were utilized to analyze the wave pattern and membrane rupturing mechanisms by increasing or decreasing the MPS pressure. A comparison of these two techniques demonstrates that decreasing the MPS pressure requires an extended period between diaphragms rupture and has a lower evaporation wavefront velocity than increasing the MPS pressure. Increasing the MPS pressure method has better reliability and simplicity and provides a more controllable operating system. Increasing the MPS pressure avoids a complicated wave pattern in the test section and prolonged rupturing time.

ArticleHighlights

The conical vessel with a double membrane shows the wave structure during saturated liquid CO2 depressurization.

During liquified CO2 decompression, the double-membrane rupturing sequence affects the expansion wave pattern and evaporation rate.

By decreasing the medium-section pressure, slower wave propagation and complex reflected waves are
observed in the test section.
Of Tax, Crime, and Happiness. An Interdisciplinary Research Review on Social Inequality
Authors: Pleinen Jenny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reviews research literature on inequality from economics, sociology and political science from a historiographic perspective. The literature covered here mainly focusses on the development of Western societies between 1970 and 2010 and is organised in terms of research concepts such as tax competition, educational attainment gaps, educational assortative mating, opportunity hoarding, happiness inequality, politics of resentment, welfare chauvinism and nature versus nurture.
On the Provision of Services With UAVs in Disaster Scenarios: A Two-Stage Stochastic Approach
Authors: Colajanni Gabriella , Daniele Patrizia , Sciacca Daniele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a two-stage stochastic optimization model for the provision services in a multi-tiered network, consisting in user or devices on the ground requiring services to controller UAVs in flight. The requested services are executed by a fleet of pre-existing and additional UAVs. The possible occurrence of disaster scenarios and the related uncertainty and severity could cause an unexpected and sudden increase in demand. Hence, the aim of the proposed model is to optimize the management of the pre-existing and additional resources in order to maximize the total profit of service providers and, simultaneously, minimize the expected loss related to a possible unmet demand. A variational approach is proposed, and some numerical examples are performed to validate the effectiveness of our model.
An ontological modelling of multi-attribute criticality analysis to guide Prognostics and Health Management program development
Authors: Polenghi Adalberto , Roda Irene , Macchi Marco , Pozzetti Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDigital technologies are becoming more pervasive and industrial companies are exploiting them to enhance the potentialities related to Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). Indeed, PHM allows to evaluate the health state of the physical assets as well as to predict their future behaviour. To be effective in developing PHM programs, the most critical assets should be identified so to direct modelling efforts. Several techniques could be adopted to evaluate asset criticality; in industrial practice, criticality analysis is amongst the most utilised. Despite the advancement of artificial intelligence for data analysis and predictions, the criticality analysis, which is built upon both quantitative and qualitative data, has not been improved accordingly. It is the goal of this work to propose an ontological formalisation of a multi-attribute criticality analysis in order to i) fix the semantics behind the terms involved in the analysis, ii) standardize and uniform the way criticality analysis is performed, and iii) take advantage of the reasoning capabilities to automatically evaluate asset criticality and associate a suitable maintenance strategy. The developed ontology, called MOCA, is tested in a food company featuring a global footprint. The application shows that MOCA can accomplish the prefixed goals; specifically, high priority assets towards which direct PHM programs are identified. In the long run, ontologies could serve as a unique knowledge base that integrate multiple data and information across facilities in a consistent way. As such, they will enable advanced analytics to take place, allowing to move towards cognitive Cyber Physical Systems that enhance business performance for companies spread worldwide.
The nth-Darboux Transformation and Explicit Solutions of the PT-Symmetry Second-Type Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Liu Jiapeng , Chen Siran , Yao Yuqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon-local problems have become one of the research hotspots in recent years since Ablowitz–Musslimani constructed an integrable non-local nonlinear $$\hbox {Schr}\ddot{\mathrm{o}}\hbox {dinger}$$

Schr

o
¨

dinger

(NLS) equation in 2013. In this paper, we first derive the PT-symmetry second derivative nonlinear $$\hbox {Schr}\ddot{\mathrm{o}}\hbox {dinger}$$

Schr

o
¨

dinger

(PT-DNLSII) equation. Then we present the nth-Darboux transformation (DT) of the PT-DNLSII equation. As applications, starting from the zero seed solution and non-zero periodic seed solution, the explicit expressions of the multi-soliton solutions, bright soliton solution, dark soliton solution and breather soliton solution of the PT-DNLSII equation are worked out.
The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, Women and Digital ID in Kenya: A Decolonial Perspective
Authors: Mutung’u Grace 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInspired by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the international development community is driving digital ID programmes in low and middle income countries (LMICs) such as Kenya. Kenya has had experience with state-issued identity registration such as that proposed in digital ID programmes for over a century. Identity registration has gendered impacts, stemming from the historical exclusion of women in the system, lack of recognition of their contribution to new uses of the system, as well as lack of engagement with women regarding remedies. Digital ID risks continuing and exacerbating these injustices, as it is based on the existing system. This article uses the ‘protect, respect, remedy’ framework of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to analyse how decolonial approaches could be applied in digital ID to untangle it from colonial legacies, check the ever-increasing power of businesses involved in digital ID systems, and broaden intersectional understanding of human rights.
Reframing Corporate Subjectivity: Systemic Inequality and the Company at the Intersection of Race, Gender and Poverty
Authors: Samaradiwakera-Wijesundara Charmika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper I use South Africa as a reference point to discuss the company as a juristic person and its relationship to natural persons through the concepts of subjectivity and personhood. I do this in an attempt to reveal that granting of juristic personality as ‘the company’ is not a neutral, organic or inevitable product of the law and economy but a construct symbiotically bound to the colonial state. Underlying this juristic personhood is colonial ideology which perpetuates racialized and gendered poverty and inequality as systemic oppression, in order to deliberately facilitate and maintain conditions of domination and exploitation. Rather than taking the conventional business and human rights starting point that accepts the corporate structure without critique, it is argued that by reorienting away from juristic personality as purportedly ‘neutral’ and reframing the construct, the powers of the company might be curtailed, thereby interrupting these continuing colonial logics.
Conservation after Sovereignty: Deconstructing Australian Policies against Horses with a Plea and Proposal
Authors: Castelló Pablo P. , Santiago-Ávila Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConservation scholarship and policies are concerned with the viability of idealized ecological communities constructed using human metrics. We argue that the discipline of conservation assumes an epistemology and ethics of human sovereignty/dominion over animals that leads to violent actions against animals. We substantiate our argument by deconstructing a case study. In the context of recent bushfires in Australia, we examine recent legislation passed by the parliament of New South Wales (NSW), policy documents, and academic articles by conservationists that support breaking communities of horses and/or killing 4,000 horses in Kosciuszko National Park (KNP), NSW. Theoretically framing our deconstruction against human sovereignty over animals and anthropocentrism, we affirm an intersectional, ecofeminist approach that values animals as relational and vulnerable agents. We uncover first the epistemic violence of categorizing horses as “pests,” and the anthropocentric nature of recently passed legislation in NSW. We analyze next the deficient ethics of NSW's government, and the argument that killing animals is justifiable when they suffer from starvation and dehydration. We close with a realistic proposal that does not involve breaking horses’ communities and/or killing horses, and a plea to the government of NSW and conservationists not to harm any horses in KNP.
Nursing home-associated bloodstream infection: A scoping review
Authors: Mylotte Joseph M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To update a 2005 review of nursing home–associated bloodstream infection (NHABSI) regarding sources, organisms, antibiotic resistance, and outcome.Methods:A scoping review of studies of NHABSI identified by searching Google Scholar and Medline with OVID for the period January 1, 2004, to June 30, 2021, was conducted.Results:Overall, 6 studies of NHABSI were identified. Only 1 study was conducted with residents in North American facilities whereas in the 2005 review all studies were conducted in North America. Escherichia coli was the most common blood isolate, the urinary tract was the most common source of NHABSI; and the case-fatality rates ranged from 21% to 28%. These findings were comparable to those in the 2005 review. However, the proportion of NHABSI episodes due to antibiotic-resistant organisms increased substantially compared to the 2005 review. The most common antibiotic-resistant organisms were extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. The 2 studies that evaluated the relationship between appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy and outcome came to different conclusions.Conclusions:The only major difference between the 2 reviews in the epidemiology of NHABSI was the marked increase in antibiotic resistance among blood isolates. Despite the increased antibiotic resistance, the case fatality rates in the current review were comparable to those reported in the 2005 review. However, the impact of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy on outcome of NHABSI remains unclear.
Inclusion body myositis and dysphagia. Presentation, intervention and outcome at a swallowing clinic
Authors: Shrivastava M , Harris C , Holmes S , Brady S , Winter S 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study reviewed patients with inclusion body myositis who were referred for assessment of dysphagia at a tertiary swallow clinic. It describes symptoms at presentation, imaging and management strategies.MethodA retrospective review of electronic patient records was performed between 2016 and 2020.ResultsTwenty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 72 years. Baseline modified Sydney Swallow Questionnaires identified problems with hard or dry food, food sticking, and repeated swallowing. Twenty-two patients had a Reflux Symptom Index score that could indicate significant reflux. Video swallow identified specific problems, including tongue base retraction (96 per cent) and residual pharyngeal pooling (92 per cent). Seven patients (30 per cent) had features of aspiration on imaging despite a median penetration-aspiration scale score of 2. Four patients received balloon dilatation, and two patients underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy.ConclusionThis study helped to profile features of dysphagia in patients with inclusion body myositis. More evidence is needed to determine the most effective management pathway for these patients.
Body mass index in the middle-aged offspring of parents with severe mental illness
Authors: Protsenko Maria , Kerkelä Martta , Miettunen Jouko , Auvinen Juha , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Jones Peter B. , Gissler Mika , Veijola Juha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have an elevated risk of obesity but the causes and mechanisms are unclear. We explored the familial association between parental SMI and body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged offspring. Our objective was to determine if the offspring of either parent with SMI have an increased risk for obesity.MethodsThe Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 is a cohort study of offspring with expected date of birth in 1966. The data include originally 12 068 mothers and 12 231 children from the provinces of Lapland and Oulu in Finland. The final study sample included 5050 middle-aged offspring. Parental SMI was used as exposure in the study. BMI measured at the age of 46 years was used as a primary outcome.ResultsRisk for obesity was elevated in the offspring of mothers with SMI [overweight: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.93 (1.29–2.90), obese class I: 1.97 (1.20–3.25), obese classes II–III: 2.98 (1.67–5.33)]. For the offspring of either parent with SMI, statistically significant results were found in obese class I and obese classes II–III [overweight: adjusted OR 1.21 (0.94–1.54), obese class I: 1.52 (1.03–1.08), obese classes II–III: 1.53 (1.01–2.32)].ConclusionsWe found an elevated risk of obesity in the middle-aged offspring of either parent with SMI, especially in the offspring of mothers with SMI. Thus, there might be a common familial pathway leading to the co-occurrence of obesity and SMI.
Does psychological treatment of major depression reduce cardiac risk biomarkers? An exploratory randomized controlled trial
Authors: Euteneuer Frank , Neuert Marie , Salzmann Stefan , Fischer Susanne , Ehlert Ulrike , Rief Winfried 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biological cardiac risk factors are already elevated in depressed patients without existing CVD. The purpose of this exploratory trial was to examine whether treating Major Depression (MD) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is associated with improvements in cardiac risk biomarkers and whether depressive symptom severity at baseline moderates treatment effects.MethodsEighty antidepressant-free patients with MD were randomly assigned to CBT or waiting list (WL). Biological outcomes included long-term recordings (24-h, daytime, nighttime) of heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure, as well as inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. A sample of 40 age- and sex-matched non-clinical controls was also involved to verify biological alterations in MD at study entry.ResultsCompared to WL, CBT was associated with a significant increase in overall HRV, as indexed by the 24-h and daytime HRV triangular index, as well as trend improvements in 24-h low-frequency HRV and daytime systolic blood pressure. Self-rated depressive symptom severity moderated (or tended to moderate) improvements in CBT for 24-h and daytime heart rate and several indices of HRV (especially daytime measures). Inflammatory treatment effects were not observed.ConclusionsCBT increased overall HRV in patients with MD. Initially more depressed patients showed the most pronounced cardiovascular improvements through CBT. These exploratory findings may provide new insights into the biological effects of psychological treatment against depression and must be confirmed through future research.
Workspace optimization of a humanoid robotic arm based on the multi-parameter plane model
Authors: Sun Peng , Li YanBiao , Shuai Kun , Yue Yi , Wei BaoChen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the workspace-based optimization of a novel humanoid robotic arm. The eight-degree-of-freedom hybrid manipulator that conforms to the kinematics characteristics of the human arm is briefly introduced. According to the structural features of this mechanism and the requirements of tasks in the complex environment, the workspace is divided into three parts, the orientation space of the humanoid shoulder joint, the position space of the humanoid elbow joint, and the active orientation space of the end-moving platform. Moreover, a multi-parameter planar model is proposed for the optimization problem with multidimensional parameters and highly nonlinear constraints. Based on the visualized optimization result, the coupling effect of each parameter on the corresponding workspace is clearly presented. Considering the compactness and the processing and assembling technology of this mechanism, a set of structural parameters satisfying the workspace-based optimization objective is obtained. Simulation results show that the corresponding workspace of the three parts has increased significantly by the factor of 1.45, 1.68, and 1.3, respectively.
Enseñando en español: The need to support dual language bilingual education teachers' pedagogical language knowledge
Authors: Barko-Alva Katherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDual language bilingual education (DLBE) teachers, depending on the modality of the program, teach content areas (i.e., language arts, science, math, social studies) in a language other than English (LOTE) and English. DLBE teachers, who teach in Spanish, should be supported by school districts in meaningful ways. These districts should be equipped to provide the necessary academic and professional development for the DLBE teachers. This paper explores the increasing need to support DLBE teachers’ metalinguistic awareness as well as pedagogical language knowledge (see Bunch, 2013) in Spanish. Guided by Charmaz’ (2006) constructivist grounded theory, this paper analyzed ten transcribed audio interviews with a single DLBE teacher. Interview data included video-taped classroom observations (i.e., preplanning and postlesson implementation), robust field memos, and student artifacts. Data analysis suggested the need for further clarification as far as the teacher's own pedagogical language knowledge (PLK; Bunch, 2013) in Spanish. However, data also indicated that this particular educator was able to negotiate the linguistic and content demands of teaching language arts in Spanish by seeking multifaceted resources and using the full extent of her linguistic repertoire.
“I make my students' assignments bleed with red circles”: An autoethnography of translanguaging in higher education in Pakistan
Authors: Syed Hassan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the tension between official monoglossic language ideologies and the heteroglossic classroom realities in higher education in Pakistan. Pakistan has maintained an English as the only medium-of-instruction policy in higher education since independence in 1947, while the everyday classroom practices have been characterized by translanguaging, that is, a hybrid and fluid use of plurilingual resources for communication. Using an autoethnographic lens, I discuss the intuitional processes and discursive practices within which my own experiences with deficit ideologies were shaped as an English language teacher and as I journied into translanguaging. Based on my experiences, I argue that while translanguaging shows great promise to confront monoglossic language ideologies inside the classroom, it offers fewer tools to resist unjust linguistic and social structures.