bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive privacy-preserving batch retrieval of lung CT image sequences based on edge-cloud collaborative computation
Authors: Zhuang Yi , Jiang Nan 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundA computer tomography image (CI) sequence can be regarded as a time-series data that is composed of a great deal of nearby and similarCIs. Since the computational and I/O costs of similarity measure, encryption, and decryption calculation during a similarity retrieval of the largeCIsequences (CIS) are extremely high, deploying all retrieval tasks in the cloud, however, will lead to excessive computing load on the cloud, which will greatly and negatively affect the retrieval performance.MethodologiesTo tackle the above challenges, the paper proposes a progressive privacy-preservingBatchRetrieval scheme for the lungCISs based on edge-cloud collaborative computation called theBRSmethod. There are four supporting techniques to enable theBRSmethod, such as: 1)batch similarity measure for CISs, 2)CIB-based privacy preserving scheme, 3)uniform edge-cloud index framework, and 4)edge buffering.ResultsThe experimental results reveal that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of efficiency and scalability, drastically reducing response time by lowering network communication costs while enhancing retrieval safety and accuracy.
Diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automatic white matter hyperintensity segmentation for classification of the Fazekas scale and differentiation of subcortical vascular dementia
Authors: Joo Leehi , Shim Woo Hyun , Suh Chong Hyun , Lim Su Jin , Heo Hwon , Kim Woo Seok , Hong Eunpyeong , Lee Dongsoo , Sung Jinkyeong , Lim Jae-Sung , Lee Jae-Hong , Kim Sang Joon 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To validate the diagnostic performance of commercially available, deep learning-based automatic white matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentation algorithm for classifying the grades of the Fazekas scale and differentiating subcortical vascular dementia.

Methods
This retrospective, observational, single-institution study investigated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning-based automatic WMH volume segmentation to classify the grades of the Fazekas scale and differentiate subcortical vascular dementia. The VUNO Med-DeepBrain was used for the WMH segmentation system. The system for segmentation of WMH was designed with convolutional neural networks, in which the input image was comprised of a pre-processed axial FLAIR image, and the output was a segmented WMH mask and its volume. Patients presented with memory complaint between March 2017 and June 2018 were included and were split into training (March 2017–March 2018, n = 596) and internal validation test set (April 2018–June 2018, n = 204).

Results
Optimal cut-off values to categorize WMH volume as normal vs. mild/moderate/severe, normal/mild vs. moderate/severe, and normal/mild/moderate vs. severe were 3.4 mL, 9.6 mL, and 17.1 mL, respectively, and the AUC were 0.921, 0.956 and 0.960, respectively. When differentiating normal/mild vs. moderate/severe using WMH volume in the test set, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.4%, 89.9%, and 91.7%, respectively. For distinguishing subcortical vascular dementia from others using WMH volume, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 83.3%, 84.3%, and 84.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
Deep learning-based automatic WMH segmentation may be an accurate and promising method for classifying the grades of the Fazekas scale and differentiating subcortical vascular dementia.
Sickness absence in relation to first childbirth in nulliparous women, employed in the education and care branches in the public or private sectors: A Swedish longitudinal cohort study
Authors: László Krisztina D. , Svedberg Pia , Lindfors Petra , Lidwall Ulrik , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: September 2022

Background
Pregnancy and childbirth entail increased risks of sickness absence (SA). Many women work in education and care, two branches characterised by high SA levels; it is not known if the link between childbirth and SA in these branches differs between private and public sectors. We examined SA and disability pension (DP) in relation to childbirth among women working in the education and care branches, and if these patterns differed between public and private sectors.

Methods
We performed a Swedish register-based cohort study. Study participants were nulliparous women living in Sweden in December 2004 and employed in education or care (n = 120,013). We compared SA/DP in the three years before and after 2005 among women who had no childbirth during follow-up (B0), had one childbirth in 2005 and no more (B1), and had one childbirth in 2005 and at least one more during follow-up (B1+). Analyses were performed for all and by public or private sector.

Results
Of all studied women, 70% worked in the public sector. Women in B1 and B1+ had, except for the year before childbirth, comparable or lower mean combined SA/DP days than women in the B0 group; women in the B1+ group had, except for the year before childbirth, the lowest mean level of SA/DP. We observed no substantial differences in these patterns between public and private sectors.

Conclusions
Patterns of SA/DP among nulliparous women who did or did not give birth did not differ substantially between public and private sectors among women in the educational and care branches.
An innovative strategy to identify new targets for delivering antibodies to the brain has led to the exploration of the integrin family
Authors: Cegarra Céline , Cameron Béatrice , Chaves Catarina , Dabdoubi Tarik , Do Tuan-Minh , Genêt Bruno , Roudières Valérie , Shi Yi , Tchepikoff Patricia , Lesuisse Dominique 
Published: September 2022

Background
Increasing brain exposure of biotherapeutics is key to success in central nervous system disease drug discovery. Accessing the brain parenchyma is especially difficult for large polar molecules such as biotherapeutics and antibodies because of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated a new immunization strategy to identify novel receptors mediating transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.

Method
We immunized mice with primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells to obtain antibodies. These antibodies were screened for their capacity to bind and to be internalized by primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells and Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell clone D3. They were further evaluated for their transcytosis capabilities in three in vitro blood-brain barrier models. In parallel, their targets were identified by two different methods and their pattern of binding to human tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry.

Results
12 antibodies with unique sequence and internalization capacities were selected amongst more than six hundred. Aside from one antibody targeting Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and one targeting Striatin3, most of the other antibodies recognized β1 integrin and its heterodimers. The antibody with the best transcytosis capabilities in all blood-brain barrier in vitro models and with the best binding capacity was an anti-αnβ1 integrin. In comparison, commercial anti-integrin antibodies performed poorly in transcytosis assays, emphasizing the originality of the antibodies derived here. Immunohistochemistry studies showed specific vascular staining on human and non-human primate tissues.

Conclusions
This transcytotic behavior has not previously been reported for anti-integrin antibodies. Further studies should be undertaken to validate this new mechanism in vivo and to evaluate its potential in brain delivery.
Heart rate variability during head‐up tilt shows inter‐individual differences among healthy individuals of extreme Prakriti types
Authors: Rani Ritu , Rengarajan Prathiban , Sethi Tavpritesh , Khuntia Bharat Krushna , Kumar Arvind , Punera Deep Shikha , Singh Deepika , Girase Bhushan , Shrivastava Ankita , Juvekar Sanjay K. , Pesala Bala , Mukerji Mitali , Deepak Kishore Kumar , Prasher Bhavana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutonomic modulation is critical during various physiological activities, including orthostatic stimuli and primarily evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV). Orthostatic stress affects people differently suggesting the possibility of identification of predisposed groups to autonomic dysfunction‐related disorders in a healthy state. One way to understand this kind of variability is by using Ayurvedic approach that classifies healthy individuals into Prakriti types based on clinical phenotypes. To this end, we explored the differential response to orthostatic stress in different Prakriti types using HRV. HRV was measured in 379 subjects(Vata = 97, Pitta = 68, Kapha = 68, and Mixed Prakriti = 146) from two geographical regions(Vadu and Delhi NCR) for 5 min supine (baseline), 3 min head‐up‐tilt (HUT) at 60°, and 5 min resupine. We observed that Kapha group had lower baseline HRV than other two groups, although not statistically significant. The relative change (%Δ1&2) in various HRV parameters in response to HUT was although minimal in Kapha group. Kapha also had significantly lower change in HR, LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF than Pitta in response to HUT. The relative change (%Δ1) in HR and parasympathetic parameters (RMSSD, HF, SD1) was significantly greater in the Vata than in the Kapha. Thus, the low baseline and lower response to HUT in Kapha and the maximum drop in parasympathetic activity of Vata may indicate a predisposition to early autonomic dysfunction and associated conditions. It emphasizes the critical role of Prakriti‐based phenotyping in stratifying the differential responses of cardiac autonomic modulation in various postures among healthy individuals across different populations.
Biochemical indicators of euthyroid sick syndrome in critically ill children
Authors: Besci Tolga , Besci Özge , Arslan Gazi , Ilgaz Hande , Prencuva Pınar , Özdemir Göktuğ , Abacı Ayhan , Demir Korcan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in pediatric intensive care, and to establish a link between thyroid function tests and mortality.MethodsBetween January 2015 and March 2020, children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and tested for free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were included. Patients with decreased fT3, with normal or decreased fT4, and normal or decreased TSH levels were assigned to the ESS group. The association between biochemical indicators and ESS, as well as the relationship between fT3 and mortality, were examined.ResultsA total of 141 (36%) of 386 children included to study were classified in the ESS group. The ESS group had a higher rate of 28-day mortality (12 [8.5%] vs. 9 [3.7%]). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, platelet, lactate, and pediatric index of mortality 3 [PIM3 (%)] were significantly associated with ESS (odds ratios in order: 1.024, 0.422, 0.729, 1.208, 1.013). Multivariate regression analysis showed that BUN, albumin, platelet, and lactate were independently associated with ESS progression. The area under curve (AUC [95%CI]) for fT3 was 0.644 (0.555–0.789) to detect mortality. Children with a fT3 level lower than 2.31 pg/mL had significantly higher 28-day mortality (log rank test, p=0.001).ConclusionsOur study identified BUN, albumin, lactate, and platelet count as independent risk factors for ESS progression in children. Furthermore, our findings indicated a correlation between fT3 and mortality, which makes fT3 an ideal candidate to be included in mortality indices.
Pharmacological Manipulations of Physiological Arousal and Sleep-Like Slow Waves Modulate Sustained Attention
Authors: Pinggal Elaine , Dockree Paul M. , O'Connell Redmond G. , Bellgrove Mark A. , Andrillon Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Sustained attention describes our ability to keep a constant focus on a given task. This ability is modulated by our physiological state of arousal. Although lapses of sustained attention have been linked with dysregulations of arousal, the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear. An emerging body of work proposes that the intrusion during wakefulness of sleep-like slow waves, a marker of the transition toward sleep, could mechanistically account for attentional lapses. This study aimed to expose, via pharmacological manipulations of the monoamine system, the relationship between the occurrence of sleep-like slow waves and the behavioral consequences of sustained attention failures. In a double-blind, randomized-control trial, 32 healthy human male participants received methylphenidate, atomoxetine, citalopram or placebo during four separate experimental sessions. During each session, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure neural activity while participants completed a visual task requiring sustained attention. Methylphenidate, which increases wake-promoting dopamine and noradrenaline across cortical and subcortical areas, improved behavioral performance whereas atomoxetine, which increases dopamine and noradrenaline predominantly over frontal cortices, led to more impulsive responses. Additionally, citalopram, which increases sleep-promoting serotonin, led to more missed trials. Based on EEG recording, citalopram was also associated with an increase in sleep-like slow waves. Importantly, compared with a classical marker of arousal such as α power, only slow waves differentially predicted both misses and faster responses in a region-specific fashion. These results suggest that a decrease in arousal can lead to local sleep intrusions during wakefulness which could be mechanistically linked to impulsivity and sluggishness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe investigated whether the modulation of attention and arousal could not only share the same neuromodulatory pathways but also rely on similar neuronal mechanisms; for example, the intrusion of sleep-like activity within wakefulness. To do so, we pharmacologically manipulated noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin in a four-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled trial and examined the consequences on behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) indices of attention and arousal. We showed that sleep-like slow waves can predict opposite behavioral signatures: impulsivity and sluggishness. Slow waves may be a candidate mechanism for the occurrence of attentional lapses since the relationship between slow-wave occurrence and performance is region-specific and the consequences of these local sleep intrusions are in line with the cognitive functions carried by the underlying brain regions.
Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Astrocytes Regulate Nociceptive Sensation and Emotional Motivation in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Yang Lan , Lu Jingshan , Guo Jianpeng , Chen Jian , Xiong Fangfang , Wang Xinyao , Chen Li , Yu Changxi 
Published: September 2022

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a diabetes complication experienced by many patients. Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) neurons are essential mediators of the descending pain modulation system, yet the role of vlPAG astrocytes in DNP remains unclear. The present study applied a multidimensional approach to elucidate the role of these astrocytes in DNP. We verified the activation of astrocytes in different regions of the PAG in male DNP-model rats. We found that only astrocytes in the vlPAG exhibited increased growth. Furthermore, we described differences in vlPAG astrocyte activity at different time points during DNP progression. After the 14th day of modeling, vlPAG astrocytes exhibited obvious activation and morphologic changes. Furthermore, activation of Gq-designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug (Gq-DREADDs) in vlPAG astrocytes in naive male rats induced neuropathic pain-like symptoms and pain-related aversion, whereas activation of Gi-DREADDs in vlPAG astrocytes in male DNP-model rats alleviated sensations of pain and promoted pain-related preference behavior. Thus, bidirectional manipulation of vlPAG astrocytes revealed their potential to regulate pain. Surprisingly, activation of Gi-DREADDs in vlPAG astrocytes also mitigated anxiety-like behavior induced by DNP. Thus, our results provide direct support for the hypothesis that vlPAG astrocytes regulate diabetes-associated neuropathic pain and concomitant anxiety-like behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany studies examined the association between the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and neuropathic pain. However, few studies have focused on the role of vlPAG astrocytes in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and DNP-related emotional changes. This work confirmed the role of vlPAG astrocytes in DNP by applying a more direct and robust approach. We used chemogenetics to bidirectionally manipulate the activity of vlPAG astrocytes and revealed that vlPAG astrocytes regulate DNP and pain-related behavior. In addition, we discovered that activation of Gi-designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug in vlPAG astrocytes alleviated anxiety-like behavior induced by DNP. Together, these findings provide new insights into DNP and concomitant anxiety-like behavior and supply new therapeutic targets for treating DNP.
Comparative Effectiveness of Dexamethasone Versus Prednisone in Children Hospitalized With Acute Croup
Authors: Jiang Wen , Hall Matt , Berry Jay G. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone versus prednisone or prednisolone on hospital resource utilization for children hospitalized with acute croup.

METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort study of the Pediatric Health Information System database on children aged 6 months to &lt;6 years who were hospitalized with acute croup between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. Children with a chronic complex condition, transferred from outside hospital, and/or received direction admission to ICU were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to compare length of stay (in hours), escalation of care to ICU, and the need for bronchoscopy with exposure to dexamethasone versus prednisone or prednisolone. We also compared rates of 7 day return to the emergency department and readmissions.

RESULTS
A total of 11 740 hospitalizations met inclusion criteria; dexamethasone was used in 95.9%; prednisone or prednisolone was used in 4.1%. In the matched cohort (n = 960), the length of stay was not significantly different between the dexamethasone and prednisone or prednisolone groups (21.3 vs 18.5 hours, P = .35). Although the rates bronchoscopy did not differ between the 2 groups, the dexamethasone cohort was more likely to require ICU transfer (P = .007). The rates of 7-day emergency department returns (2.3% vs 1.3%, P = .24) and readmissions (3.1% vs. 2.1%, P = .37) were low and not statistically different.

CONCLUSIONS
Hospital resource utilization did not differ significantly for children receiving dexamethasone or prednisone or prednisolone for acute croup. Both corticosteroids may be considered reasonable choices for the treatment of children hospitalized with acute croup.
The Geodetic Centroid (gCent) Catalog: Global Earthquake Monitoring with Satellite Imaging Geodesy
Authors: Shea Hannah N. , Barnhart William D. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Remote sensing geodetic observations (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [InSAR] and optical correlation [“pixel tracking”]) serve an increasingly diverse and important role in earthquake monitoring and response. This study introduces the Geodetic Centroid (gCent) catalog—an earthquake catalog derived solely from space-based geodetic observations—and analysis of 74 earthquakes (Mw 4.3–7.4) imaged from 1 August 2019 to 01 February 2022. For gCent, we use InSAR and optical correlation observations derived from the Sentinel-1 satellites and various publicly available optical satellites to systematically image all global earthquakes Mw 5.5 or larger and shallower than 25 km, Mw 7.0 or larger at any depth, and other high-impact earthquakes or seismic events of special interest. We invert surface displacements from successfully imaged earthquakes for the location, orientation, and dimensions of a single slipping fault patch that describes the centroid characteristics of the earthquake. These centroid models, in turn, are compiled into a catalog and used in U.S. Geological Survey/Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) operational earthquake response products such as ShakeMaps and finite-fault models. We provide a comparison of the gCent catalog to the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog and Global Centroid Moment Tensor (Global CMT) catalog to compare reported locations, depths, and magnitudes. We find that global earthquake catalogs not only generally provide reasonably comparable locations (within 10 km on average), but also they systematically overestimate depth that may have implications for earthquake shaking predictions based solely on earthquake origin information. Geodetic magnitudes are comparable to seismically inferred magnitudes, indicating that gCent models are unlikely to be systematically biased by the presence of postseismic deformation. We additionally highlight limitations of the gCent catalog induced by both the limitations of remote sensing imaging of earthquakes and our imposition of a simplified earthquake source description that does not include spatially distributed slip.
Geolocalization of Large-Scale DAS Channels Using a GPS-Tracked Moving Vehicle
Authors: Biondi Ettore , Wang Xin , Williams Ethan F. , Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geolocalization of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array channels represents a crucial step whenever the technology is deployed in the field. Commonly, the geolocalization is performed using point-wise active-source experiments, known as tap tests, conducted in the vicinity of the recording fiber. However, these controlled-source experiments are time consuming and greatly diminish the ability to promptly deploy such systems, especially for large-scale DAS experiments. We present a geolocalization methodology for DAS instrumentation that relies on seismic signals generated by a geotracked vehicle. We demonstrate the efficacy of our workflow by geolocating the channels of two DAS systems recording data on dark fibers stretching approximately 100 km within the Long Valley caldera area in eastern California. Our procedure permits the prompt calibration of DAS channel locations for seismic-related applications such as seismic hazard assessment, urban-noise monitoring, wavespeed inversion, and earthquake engineering. We share the developed set of codes along with a tutorial guiding users through the entire mapping process.
La devolución etnográfica cómo dispositivo metodológico: la producción simultánea de un documental etnográfico y un video promocional en etnoempresas turísticas en la selva central peruana
Authors: Álvarez Castillo Luz María 
Published: September 2022

El objetivo principal este trabajo, es reconocer y analizar la materialidad, agendas y recorridos de los objetos (primero en proceso y posteriormente terminados) resultantes de una producción audiovisual como metodología para la investigación académica. Así mismo, considerar la devolución (siguiendo la lógica del intercambio de Mauss) hacia nuestros colaboradores como un dispositivo de intervención en terreno. El referente empírico del análisis es una aproximación etnográfica a proyectos de etno-turismo autogestionados por un grupo de emprendedores indígenas en la Selva Central Peruana, quienes mientras impulsan el etno-turismo en la región, reelaboran su propia indigeneidad. La metodología central de la investigación fue producir de manera simultanea un audiovisual de corte etnográfico y un video promocional a manera de devolución. Encontramos que la cámara, así como los audiovisuales son objetos que pasan a ser extensión del cuerpo y experiencia del antropólogo-cineasta, investigador/productor, deviniendo en agentes que condicionan y determinan el campo de investigación.