bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction Is Associated With Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zeng Haixia , Liu Jianmo , Chen Zheng , Yu Peng , Liu Jianping 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundEvidence on the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) combined with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rare. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between heart rate variability and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression in diabetes patients.MethodOverall, 747 T2DM patients who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University underwent 24-hour dynamic electrocardiograms for HRV analysis. Time-domain HRV measures included mean heart rate, standard deviation of the R-R interval (SDNN), SDNN index, root mean squared difference of successive RR intervals (RMSSD), and percent of adjacent RR intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (PNN50). Frequency-domain measures included low frequency (LF), very low frequency (VLF), high frequency (HF) components and LF-to-HF ratio. The risk of DKD progression was determined by combining ACR and eGFR and stratified as low risk (Group A), moderately increased risk (Group B), high risk (Group C), and very high risk (Group D) based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines.ResultThere were significant differences in HRV parameters among the four risk groups (SDNN: 113 ms vs 109 ms vs 101 ms vs 81 ms, P&lt;0.01; LF: 240.2 ms2 vs 241.1 ms2 vs 155.2 ms2 vs 141.9 ms2, P&lt;0.01; LF-to-HF ratio: 1.70 vs 1.24 vs 1.12 vs 0.93, P&lt;0.01; VLF: 723.7 ms2 vs 601.1 ms2 vs 446.4 ms2 vs 356.3 ms2, P&lt;0.01). A very high risk of DKD progression was significantly associated with a lower SDNN (β=-19.5, 95% CI: -30.0 to -10.0, P&lt;0.01), and moderately increased, high, and very high risks were associated with lower LF-to-HF ratio and VLF (P&lt;0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that group D had a higher risk of reduced SDNN, LF-to-HF ratio, and VLF compared with group A after adjusting for systolic blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and age (odds ratio (95% CI): 0.989 (0. 983–0.996), 0.674 (0.498–0.913), and 0.999 (0.999–1.000), respectively).ConclusionCardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with a risk of DKD progression in adults with T2DM, and reduced heart rate variability increased such risk. Thus, HRV screening may be necessary in patients with T2DM, especially those with high proteinuria.
Phthalate Acid Esters in Soil, Plastic Shed Film, and Ginseng Tissues of Different Ages From Farmland: Concentration, Distribution, and Risk Assessment
Authors: Lu Yu-Shun , Xu Yan-Yang , Zhang Yan-Ting , Liu Zheng-Bo , Li Wei , Sun Yin-Shi 
Published: July 2022

Plastic shed film used in ginseng cultivation could increase phthalate acid esters (PAEs) residues in ginseng and its planting soil. This study recorded the situation of 19 PAEs in ginseng, soil, and plastic shed film samples from eight ginseng cultivation bases in Jilin Province, China. The results showed that 6 PAEs are omnipresent contaminants in ginseng cultivation bases. The Σ19 PAEs residue ranged from 0.69 to 3.30 mg kg−1 in the soil and from 32.40 to 96.20 mg kg−1 in the plastic shed film. Plastic shed film is possibly one source of PAEs in ginseng bases. In addition, PAEs concentrations in different ginseng tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). The residues of Σ19 PAEs in ginseng roots and stems were 0.71–2.10 mg kg−1 [dry weight (dw)] and 1.56–4.69 mg kg−1 (dw), respectively, lower than 2.37–6.82 mg kg−1 (dw) in leaves (p &lt; 0.05). PAEs more readily accumulated in ginseng leaves than in roots and stems. Cultivation age also influenced PAEs accumulation in ginseng. PAEs residues in 3-year-old ginseng plants were higher than those in annual and biennial ginseng (p &lt; 0.05). The noncancer and carcinogenic risk assessments of the target PAEs in ginseng indicated acceptable levels for adult intake. This study provides data for understanding the concentration, distribution, and potential risk of PAEs in ginseng and its cultivated soil.
Polymorphisms and AR: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Xiang Feng , Zeng Zhen , Wang Lu , Yang Ye Peng , Zhang Qin Xiu 
Published: July 2022

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an especially common disorder associated with both environmental and genetic factors, and a lot of researchers have attempted to find polymorphisms which predisposed to the disease. We conducted a meta-analysis of the most frequently researched polymorphisms to find those genes which may be susceptible to AR and then may be of value in diagnosis.Methods: Pubmed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to screen out eligible studies focusing on the correlation between polymorphisms and AR susceptibility, and then polymorphisms cited in at least 3 studies were selected.Results: The 142 papers originally selected cited 78 genes. Twelve genes (coinciding with 23 polymorphisms) were reported in more than three papers. Twenty-three polymorphisms were involved in the meta-analysis. Among the 23 polymorphisms, only 4 were found to be related to the risk of AR: IL-13 rs20541, CTLA-4 rs11571302, IL-4R RS1801275 and ACE (I/D). The remaining 19 of the 23 polymorphisms were not associated with AR.Conclusion: We found polymorphisms that could be used for AR diagnosing and those that were unrelated to AR. This may be the first step in detecting polymorphic combinations susceptible to AR (IL-13 RS20541, CTLA-4 RS11571302, IL-4R RS1801275 and ACE (I/D). In addition, our results may improve AR diagnosis and contribute to the intensive study of AR.
Prognosis Prediction Through an Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA-Sequencing Data in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiangru , Chen Hanghang 
Published: July 2022

Background: Genomic and antigenic heterogeneity pose challenges in the precise assessment of outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the cardinal genes related to cell differentiation and tumor malignant grade to advance the prognosis prediction in TNBC patients through an integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data.Methods: We collected RNA-seq and microarray data of TNBC from two public datasets. Using single-cell pseudotime analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among trajectories from 1534 cells of 6 TNBC patients were identified as the potential genes crucial for cell differentiation. Furthermore, the grade- and tumor mutational burden (TMB)-related DEGs were explored via a weighted correlation network analysis using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium dataset. Subsequently, we utilized the DEGs to construct a prognostic signature, which was validated using another independent dataset. Moreover, as gene set variation analysis indicated the differences in immune-related pathways between different risk groups, we explored the immune differences between the two groups.Results: A signature including 10 genes related to grade and TMB was developed to assess the outcomes of TNBC patients, and its prognostic efficacy was prominent in two cohorts. The low-risk group generally harbored lower immune infiltration compared to the high-risk group.Conclusion: Cell differentiation and grade- and TMB-related DEGs were identified using single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data. A 10-gene signature for prognosis prediction in TNBC patients was constructed, and its performance was excellent. Interestingly, the signature was found to be closely related to tumor immune infiltration, which might provide evidence for the crucial roles of immune cells in malignant initiation and progression in TNBC.
High Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Subunit Alpha 3 Expression as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Niu Xiaoji , Ren Liman , Wang Shoumei , Gao Dong , Ma Mingyue , Hu Aiyan , Qi Hongjun , Zhang Shuhui 
Published: July 2022

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate and is particularly prevalent in China. The extracellular matrix protein, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 (P4HA3), has been implicated in various cancers. We aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of P4HA3 in GC and investigate its correlation with immune cell infiltration.Methods: The present study used microarray data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze the association of P4HA3 expression with clinicopathological features. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used for validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of P4HA3 in GC. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of P4HA3 on overall survival (OS) rates. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated and functional enrichment evaluated. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was conducted to correlate P4HA3 expression with immune cell infiltration. The correlation between P4HA3 and immune check point genes was studied.Results: P4HA3 was over-expressed in GC, along with 15 other types of cancer, including breast invasive carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. P4HA3 showed high diagnostic and prognostic value in GC and was an independent prognostic factor. P4HA3, TNM (tumor, node, metastases) stage, pathological stage and age all correlated with OS rates. Genes related to P4HA3 were enriched in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and included procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity. P4HA3 expression correlated with numbers of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, immature dendritic cells (iDC), mast cells, eosinophils, effective memory T cells (Tem), T-helper 1 (Th1) cells and dendritic cells (DC). P4HA3 was positively correlated with hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2).Conclusion: P4HA3 is a potential independent biomarker for prognosis of GC and may be an immunotherapy target in the treatment of GC.
SCG2: A Prognostic Marker That Pinpoints Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Weng Siyuan , Liu Zaoqu , Ren Xiaofeng , Xu Hui , Ge Xiaoyong , Ren Yuqing , Zhang Yuyuan , Dang Qin , Liu Long , Guo Chunguang , Beatson Richard , Deng Jinhai , Han Xinwei 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy regimens are indispensable in the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the heterogeneity of treated individuals and the severe adverse effects of chemotherapy results in limited overall benefit.MethodsFirstly, Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules tightly associated with chemotherapy response. Then, the in-house cohort and prognostic cohorts from TCGA and GEO were subjected to Cox proportional hazards model and survival analysis to ascertain the predictable function of SCG2 on the prognosis of CRC patients. Finally, we performed In vitro experiments, functional analysis, somatic mutation, and copy number variation research to explore the biological characteristics of SCG2.ResultsWe identified red and green as the modules most associated with chemotherapy response, in which SCG2 was considered a risky factor with higher expression predicting poorer prognosis. SCG2 expression in the APC non-mutation group was remarkably higher than in the mutation group. The mutation frequencies of amplified genes differed significantly between different SCG2 expression subgroups. Besides, CRC cell lines with SCG2 knockdown have reduced invasive, proliferative, and proliferative capacity. We discovered that the SCG2 high expression subgroup was the immune hot type and considered more suitable for immunotherapy.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the clinical significance and biological characteristics of SCG2, which could serve as a promising biomarker to identify patients who may benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
The Role of Neutrophils as a Driver in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cancer Growth
Authors: Kaltenmeier Christof , Yazdani Hamza O. , Handu Sanah , Popp Brandon , Geller David , Tohme Samer 
Published: July 2022

The innate immune system plays an essential role in the response to sterile inflammation and its association with liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Liver IRI often manifests during times of surgical stress such as cancer surgery or liver transplantation. Following the initiation of liver IRI, stressed hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which promote the infiltration of innate immune cells which then initiate an inflammatory cascade and cytokine storm. Upon reperfusion, neutrophils are among the first cells that infiltrate the liver. Within the liver, neutrophils play an important role in fueling tissue damage and tumor progression by promoting the metastatic cascade through the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETs are composed of web-like DNA structures containing proteins that are released in response to inflammatory stimuli in the environment. Additionally, NETs can aid in mediating liver IRI, promoting tumor progression, and most recently, in mediating early graft rejection in liver transplantation. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of innate immune cells, with a focus on neutrophils, and their role in mediating IRI in mouse and human diseases, including cancer and transplantation. Moreover, we will investigate the interaction of Neutrophils with varying subtypes of other cells. Furthermore, we will discuss the role and different treatment modalities in targeting Neutrophils and NETs to prevent IRI.
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets Predict the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miao Kang , Zhang Xiaotong , Wang Hanping , Si Xiaoyan , Ni Jun , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Xu Yan , Chen Minjiang , Pan Ruili , Wang Mengzhao , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNon–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has entered the era of immunotherapy. However, only partial patients were able to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Currently, biomarkers for predicting patients’ response to ICIs are primarily tumor tissue dependent and have limited accuracy. There is an urgent need to explore peripheral blood-based biomarkers to predict the efficacy and safety of ICI therapy.MethodsTo explore the correlation between lymphocyte subsets and the efficacy and safety of ICIs, we retrospectively analyzed peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and survival prognosis data of 136 patients with stage IV NSCLC treated with ICIs.ResultsThe two factors that had the greatest impact on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs were CD4+CD45RA− T cell (HR = 0.644, P = 0.047) and CD8+ T/lymphocyte (%) (HR = 1.806, P = 0.015). CD4+CD45RA− T cell showed excellent predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.854) for ICIs monotherapy, with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 91.7% using CD4+CD45RA− T cell &gt;311.3 × 106/L as the threshold. In contrast, CD8+ T/lymphocyte (%) was only associated with the prognosis but had no predictive role for ICI efficacy. CD4+ T cell and its subsets were significantly higher in patients with mild (grades 1–2) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) than those without irAEs. CD8+CD38+ T cell was associated with total irAEs and severe (grades 3–4) irAEs but was not suitable to be a predictive biomarker.ConclusionPeripheral blood CD4+CD45RA− T cell was associated with the prognosis of patients with NSCLC applying ICIs, whereas CD8+CD38+ T cell was associated with irAEs and severe irAEs.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Mg2+ and Al3+ Co-Doped CoCr2O4 Inorganic Pigments With High Near-Infrared Reflectance
Authors: Wei Xueling , Zou Xiangyu , Deng Zhifeng , Bao Weiwei , Ai Taotao , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2022

A new class of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance pigments based on Co1−xMgxCr2−yAlyO4 (x = 0–1 and y = 0–2) was synthesised using the Pechini-type sol-gel process. The developed powders were characterised by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and colour Commission Internationale del'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 (L*a*b*) colour scales. The XRD patterns revealed characteristic peaks of the spinel structure with good crystallinity. Substituting Mg2+ for Co2+ ions in the tetrahedral positions and Al3+ for Cr3+ ions in the octahedral positions of CoCr2O4 reduces the cost and changes the colour of the pigment (green to yellow and then blue). Moreover, the synthesised pigments exhibited high NIR solar reflectance in the 780–2,500 nm wavelength range. The thermal and chemical stability of the pigments was also studied. Our findings demonstrate the potential for applying these pigments in cool colourants.
Phototherapy for Cognitive Function in Patients With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Genying , Tong Qifeng , Ye Xiangming , Li Juebao , Zhou Liang , Sun Peng , Liang Feng , Zhong Shuchang , Cheng Ruidong , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDementia is a major health burden worldwide. As numerous pharmacological trials for dementia have failed, emerging phototherapy studies have evaluated the efficacy of alternative therapies for cognition.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between phototherapy and changes in cognitive deficits in patients with dementia.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 27 March 2022. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials of phototherapy interventions reporting pre-post changes in global cognitive function and subdomains in patients with dementia. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and pooled in random-effects models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to investigate the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsOur analyses included 13 studies enrolling a total of 608 participants. Phototherapy showed significant associations with improvements of global cognitive function (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.94; P &lt; 0.001) and subdomains, especially with respect to attention, executive function, and working memory. Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) photobiomodulation (SMD, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.46–1.36; P &lt; 0.001) and lasers (SMD, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.56–1.43; P &lt; 0.001) showed more significant associations with improved cognitive functions when compared with normal visible light. In addition, the effect sizes of short-term effects (SMD, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.33–0.94; P &lt; 0.001) were larger than effects assessed in long-term follow-up (SMD, 0.49; 95% CI, -0.24–1.21; P = 0.189).ConclusionIn this meta-analysis, phototherapy interventions were associated with cognitive improvement in patients with dementia. NIR LEDs and lasers had advantages over normal visible light. Domain-specific effects were indicated for attention, executive function, and working memory. Short-term improvement after phototherapy was supported, while evidence for long-term benefits was lacking. Stronger evidence for individualized parameters, such as optimal dosing, is needed in the future.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=267596], identifier [CRD42021267596].
A Presurgical Unfavorable Prediction Scale of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Jingwei , Zhu Wencheng , Zhou Junshan , Yun Wenwei , Li Xiaobo , Guan Qiaochu , Lv Weiping , Cheng Yue , Ni Huanyu , Xie Ziyi , Li Mengyun , Zhang Lu , Xu Yun , Zhang Qingxiu 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a prognostic prediction model of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) induced by large-vessel occlusion (LVO), this study applied machine learning classification model light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to construct a unique prediction model.MethodsA total of 973 patients were enrolled, primary outcome was assessed with modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days, and favorable outcome was defined using mRS 0–2 scores. Besides, LightGBM algorithm and logistic regression (LR) were used to construct a prediction model. Then, a prediction scale was further established and verified by both internal data and other external data.ResultsA total of 20 presurgical variables were analyzed using LR and LightGBM. The results of LightGBM algorithm indicated that the accuracy and precision of the prediction model were 73.77 and 73.16%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.824. Furthermore, the top 5 variables suggesting unfavorable outcomes were namely admitting blood glucose levels, age, onset to EVT time, onset to hospital time, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (importance = 130.9, 102.6, 96.5, 89.5 and 84.4, respectively). According to AUC, we established the key cutoff points and constructed prediction scale based on their respective weightings. Then, the established prediction scale was verified in raw and external data and the sensitivity was 80.4 and 83.5%, respectively. Finally, scores &gt;3 demonstrated better accuracy in predicting unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionPresurgical prediction scale is feasible and accurate in identifying unfavorable outcomes of AIS after EVT.
Systolic Blood Pressure Variability When Transitioning From Intravenous to Enteral Antihypertensive Agents in Patients With Hemorrhagic Strokes
Authors: Alshaya Abdulrahman I. , Alghamdi Meshari , Almohareb Sumaya N. , Alshaya Omar A. , Aldhaeefi Mohammed , Alharthi Abdullah F. , Almohaish Sulaiman 
Published: July 2022

Background/ObjectiveSystolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality. SBPV is a strong predictor of poor functional outcomes in patients with ICH. Intravenous (IV) antihypertensive agents are commonly used to achieve sustained target blood pressure goals; however, this is not a feasible long-term option. The transition from IV to enteral antihypertensives is not yet well established in patients with ICH and SAH. This study aimed to assess the effect of the number of antihypertensive agents and overlap time during the transition period from IV to enteral route on SBPV in patients with ICH and SAH.MethodsThis retrospective single-center study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were extracted from electronic medical records after obtaining Institutional Review Board approval. Patients were included if they were &gt;18 years old, admitted with spontaneous ICH or SAH, and received continuous infusion antihypertensives prior to transitioning to the enteral route. The major outcome was the effect of the number of antihypertensive agents and overlap time on SBPV during the transition process. Minor outcomes included the effect of the number of antihypertensive agents and overlap time on heart rate variability and the incidence of AKI on day 7.ResultsAfter the screening, we included 102 patients. Based on our regression model, the number of enteral antihypertensive agents upon transitioning from IV to enteral antihypertensive therapy had no effect on SBPV in the intensive care unit (ICU) among our patients (p-value = 0.274). However, the prolonged overlap was associated with reduced SBPV in the ICU (p-value = 0.012). No differences were observed between the groups in heart rate variation or AKI rate.ConclusionsIn patients with ICH and SAH, prolonged overlap of enteral antihypertensive agents to overlap with intravenous antihypertensive therapy may result in lower SBPV. This finding needs to be confirmed on a larger scale with more robust study designs for patients with ICH and SAH.