bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and analysis of an energy harvester of piezoelectric cantilever beam based on nonlinear magnetic action
Authors: Gu Xiangfeng , He Lipeng , Yu Gang , Liu Lei , Zhou Jianwen , Cheng Guangming 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester is developed based on rotational motion applications. It consists of the pedestal, the piezoelectric beam, the connection mass, the tip magnetic mass, the revolving host, the support frame, and the bolts. This device drives the intermittent magnetic vibration between the magnet and the tip magnetic mass to generate electric energy, avoids mechanical collision and wear, and extends the service life of the device. The working principle and vibration model of the proposed energy harvester are studied theoretically. The displacement state of the piezoelectric beam under a magnetic force is simulated and analyzed. In addition, a series of experiments verify the simulation results. With two driving magnets, 5 g tip magnetic mass, and 10 mm radial excitation distances, a piezoelectric energy harvester can capture energy efficiently. The results demonstrate that the piezoelectric energy harvester produces four resonance frequencies of 4, 11, 15, and 19 Hz. When the rotation frequency is 4 Hz, the maximum open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester is 96.87 V. The piezoelectric energy harvester gets the maximum average power of 8.97 mW when the external resistance is 300 kΩ. At this time, the voltage across the resistance is 51.87 V.
Customizing Web 2.0 tools to writing pedagogy
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Nabi , Asadnia Fatemeh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we explored L2 writing teachers’ professional
development in terms of Web 2.0-mediated writing pedagogy within the
technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework. Using
reflective journals and in-depth interviews, we found that in an online L2
writing teacher education course, the writing teachers learned that, for
their instruction to be effective, they need to purposefully design Web
2.0-mediated writing tasks, guide learners’ use of Web 2.0 tools, and
develop collaborative writing procedures for Web 2.0-based task completion.
The participants further highlighted the importance of adaptive L2 writing
instruction/assessment, learner-oriented writing instruction, their
mediatory roles as writing facilitators, selection of Web 2.0 tools for
writing pedagogy, and digital tools as writing e-portfolios.
Cross-jurisdictional linguistic cooperation in multilingual federations
Authors: von Busekist Astrid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Political federations or quasi-federations characterised by linguistic diversity have developed various strategies to strike a balance between mobility and inclusion of (internal and external) migrants. This chapter first looks at the comparative performance of linguistic management and coordination between the central state and federal entities, mainly comparing Canada and the US, while exploring possible comparisons with India, in order to provide the EU with examples of language policies in large economic and political unions. We show that the experimental potential of sub-state entities, the cooperation between the public and the private sector, and reciprocity among sub-units are key to achieving linguistic non domination (Section 1). It then suggests mobility and inclusion equilibria via linguistic subsidiarity and reciprocity for the EU (Section 2). It concludes by introducing a new tool, a ‘language passport’ we have called Linguapass (Section 3). The expected benefits of Linguapass on an individual level are to recognise and document the linguistic skills of migrants in official and non-official languages and hence to facilitate their mobility and inclusion; on a collective level, commitment to equal and reciprocal accreditation and funding of Linguapass by the EU as a whole, as well as by European regions and some large existing language clusters, is a novel form of equitable and feasible language cooperation and coordination.
Justifying language policies in mobile societies
Authors: Carey Brian , Shorten Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A conception of linguistic justice refers to a set of moral principles that can provide guidance about a society’s language policies. By the lights of a recently prominent strand of liberal political theory, such a conception will be legitimate if and only if it meets certain standards of public justification. Amongst other things, this means that it must be arrived at by way of a legitimate procedure and its principles must be ones that no one could reasonably reject. This chapter explores the potential of this ideal for mobile and multilingual societies in Europe by developing three arguments. First, we argue that in order to be legitimate, a conception of linguistic justice must be justifiable to a relevant constituency and that, in EU member states, this includes mobile Europeans as well as the citizens of member states. Second, we argue that, in circumstances of linguistic diversity, the requirements of public justification generate a presumption in favour of multilingual deliberative procedures. Third, we argue that when selecting principles of justice we ought to prioritise the interests of the least advantaged, and that doing so will often mean that only a multilingual language regime is acceptable.
Language use in international retirement migration
Authors: Gustafson Per , Laksfoss Cardozo Ann Elisabeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most research on migration and language has examined labour, refugee or family migrants. International retirement migration provides a different perspective on mobility, inclusion and multilingualism. The present chapter examines language use, linguistic challenges and linguistic strategies in the context of retirement migration from Scandinavia to the Alicante province in Spain. Interviews with retired migrants and local key persons showed that retirees often found it difficult to learn the local language, but that a range of other linguistic strategies were available to them. These strategies involved using either their native language or English. Use of the native language occurred in expatriate communities and in settings where interpretation or translation was available. Intercomprehension among retirees speaking different Scandinavian languages was also observed. A final native language strategy was exit – a temporary or in some cases permanent return to the retiree’s (former) home country. The chapter summarises these observations in a typology of linguistic strategies. It also highlights a number of context-specific conditions for these strategies in the case under study – the presence of well-established expatriate communities, the association between retirement migration and tourism, and the widespread use of English as a lingua franca. Given this particular linguistic landscape, Scandinavian retirees were mostly able to manage everyday communication without knowing much Spanish. Serious language-related problems appeared in specific situations, mainly related to health and elderly care, contacts with legal authorities, certain housing-related matters, and emergencies.
Quaternionic Grassmannians and Borel classes in algebraic geometry
Authors: Panin I. , Walter C. 
Published: January 2022

The quaternionic GrassmannianH Gr⁡(r,n)\operatorname {H Gr}(r,n)is the affine open subscheme of the usual Grassmannian parametrizing those2r2r-dimensional subspaces of a2n2n-dimensional symplectic vector space on which the symplectic form is nondegenerate. In particular, we haveHPn=H Gr⁡(1,n+1)\operatorname {HP}^n = \operatorname {H Gr}(1,n+1). For a symplectically oriented cohomology theoryAA, including oriented theories but also the HermitianK\operatorname {K}-theory, Witt groups, and algebraic symplectic cobordism, we haveA(HPn)=A(pt)[p]/(pn+1)A(\operatorname {HP}^n) = A(\operatorname {pt})[p]/(p^{n+1}). Borel classes for symplectic bundles are introduced in the paper. They satisfy the splitting principle and the Cartan sum formula, and they are used to calculate the cohomology of quaternionic Grassmannians. In a symplectically oriented theory the Thom classes of rank22symplectic bundles determine Thom and Borel classes for all symplectic bundles, and the symplectic Thom classes can be recovered from the Borel classes.

The cell structure of theH Gr⁡(r,n)\operatorname {H Gr}(r,n)exists in cohomology, but it is difficult to see more than part of it geometrically. An exception isHPn\operatorname {HP}^nwhere the cell of codimension 2i2iis a quasi-affine quotient ofA4n−2i+1\mathbb {A}^{4n-2i+1}by a nonlinear action ofGa\mathbb {G}_a.
Refashioning the uneasy relationship between older people and geriatric medicine
Authors: O’Neill Desmond 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A notable feature of most medical specialties is close joint working between patient advocacy groups and specialist societies in furthering improvements in policy and services. While growing old is not a disease, nor too is being a child, and the engagement of advocacy and international bodies such as UNICEF with paediatricians is well established and recognised. Yet almost eight decades after the founding of geriatric medicine, it is clear that this type of relationship does not hold for the advocacy bodies representing those we serve, as well as the wider constituency of older people.
Geriatricians are an extraordinary resourceful and imaginative group, and a more effective promotion of our role as guardians of the longevity dividend is vital to a more positive and mutually beneficial relationship with older people and society. This will require a redirection of our focus to a more critical stance on our origins as a discipline, our relationship with ageing across the lifespan and with older people and a fuller engagement with the broader concepts of gerontology in training and research to develop a refreshed articulacy for, the opportunities arising from gerontologically attuned healthcare.
Characterization of biofilm structure and properties via processing of 2D optical coherence tomography images in BISCAP
Authors: Narciso Diogo A C , Pereira Ana , Dias Nuno O , Melo Luis F , Martins F G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Processing of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) biofilm images is currently restricted to a set of custom-made MATLAB scripts. None of the tools currently available for biofilm image processing (including those developed for Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy—CLSM) enable a fully automatic processing of 2D OCT images.

Results
A novel software tool entitled Biofilm Imaging and Structure Classification Automatic Processor (BISCAP) is presented. It was developed specifically for the automatic processing of 2D OCT biofilm images. The proposed approach makes use of some of the key principles used in CLSM image processing, and introduces a novel thresholding algorithm and substratum detection strategy. Two complementary pixel continuity checks are executed, enabling very detailed pixel characterizations. BISCAP delivers common structural biofilm parameters and a set of processed images for biofilm analysis. A novel biofilm ‘compaction parameter’ is suggested. The proposed strategy was tested on a set of 300 images with highly satisfactory results obtained. BISCAP is a Python-based standalone application, not requiring any programming knowledge or property licenses, and where all operations are managed via an intuitive Graphical User Interface. The automatic nature of this image processing strategy decreases biasing problems associated to human-perception and allows a reliable comparison of outputs.

Availability and implementation
BISCAP and a collection of biofilm images obtained from OCT scans can be found at: https://github.com/diogonarciso/BISCAP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
State-dependent signatures of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: von Schwanenflug Nina , Krohn Stephan , Heine Josephine , Paul Friedemann , Prüss Harald , Finke Carsten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional static functional connectivity analyses have shown distinct functional network alterations in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Here, we use a dynamic functional connectivity approach that increases the temporal resolution of connectivity analyses from minutes to seconds. We hereby explore the spatiotemporal variability of large-scale brain network activity in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis and assess the discriminatory power of functional brain states in a supervised classification approach. We included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 57 patients and 61 controls to extract four discrete connectivity states and assess state-wise group differences in functional connectivity, dwell time, transition frequency, fraction time and occurrence rate. Additionally, for each state, logistic regression models with embedded feature selection were trained to predict group status in a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. Compared to controls, patients exhibited diverging dynamic functional connectivity patterns in three out of four states mainly encompassing the default-mode network and frontal areas. This was accompanied by a characteristic shift in the dwell time pattern and higher volatility of state transitions in patients. Moreover, dynamic functional connectivity measures were associated with disease severity and positive and negative schizophrenia-like symptoms. Predictive power was highest in dynamic functional connectivity models and outperformed static analyses, reaching up to 78.6% classification accuracy. By applying time-resolved analyses, we disentangle state-specific functional connectivity impairments and characteristic changes in temporal dynamics not detected in static analyses, offering new perspectives on the functional reorganization underlying anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Finally, the correlation of dynamic functional connectivity measures with disease symptoms and severity demonstrates a clinical relevance of spatiotemporal connectivity dynamics in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
A case report of severe cardioinhibitory reflex syncope associated with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Beil Johannes , Gatti Alessia , Leonhard Bruch , Schroer Hinrich 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. In this report, we illustrate an extraordinary case of severe cardioinhibitory reflex syncope with prolonged asystole associated with COVID-19.

Case summary
A 35-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with a 10-day history of postural syncope and fever. Electrocardiogram monitoring during positional change revealed reflex syncope with cardioinhibitory response, exhibiting sinus bradycardia, subsequent asystole, and syncope. The patient tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was admitted to the intensive care unit where temporary transvenous pacing was necessary because of prolonged episodes of asystole. Work-up included extensive cardiac and neurological diagnostic testing, but did not yield any structural abnormalities. Although temporary pacing was able to abort syncope, a decision was made to hold off on permanent pacing as the most likely aetiology was felt to be temporary cardioinhibitory reflex syncope associated with COVID-19. The patient was discharged with mild symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and responded well to education and lifestyle modification. Outpatient follow-up with repeat tilt testing after 3 and 6 months initially showed residual inducible syncope but was eventually normal and the patient remained asymptomatic.

Discussion
We believe that autonomic imbalance with a strong vagal activation due to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection played a pivotal role in the occurrence of transient syncope in this patient’s condition. Although pacemaker implantation would have been a reasonable alternative, a watch-and-wait approach should be considered in similar instances.
Hobo Economicus*
Authors: Leeson Peter T , Hardy R August , Suarez Paola A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe central implication of maximising behaviour amid competition is that rates of return tend toward equality. We test that implication in a market whose participants have the traits that behavioural economics suggests should make it hardest to find evidence of maximisation: the market for panhandling at Metrorail stations in Washington, District of Columbia. We find that stations with more panhandling opportunities attract more panhandlers and that cross-station differences in hourly panhandling receipts are statistically indistinguishable from zero. Panhandling rates of return thus tend toward equality. Extreme ‘behavioural’ traits do not prevent maximisation in this market.
Swiss Job Market Monitor: A Rich Source of Demand-Side Micro Data of the Labour Market
Authors: Buchmann Marlis , Buchs Helen , Busch Felix , Clematide Simon , Gnehm Ann-Sophie , Müller Jan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Swiss Job Market Monitor (SJMM) is a data collection of job ads for a national labour market from 1950 onwards. It is a prime example for demonstrating how to turn digital data into a high-quality social science data set. It is also exemplary for combining digital data with historically grown job ads data to provide a comparable time series covering the past 70 years. Paying close attention to sampling procedures, coverage, and key variables, the Data Brief shows how the SJMM profits from opportunities offered by computational social science and computational linguistics to navigate a wholly new set of challenges involved in creating such a data set. It closes with a discussion of new research opportunities this data set is opening for investigating the labour market as a core institution of modern society.
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction for school teachers: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bonde Emilie H , Fjorback Lone O , Frydenberg Morten , Juul Lise 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Teaching has been found to be one of the most stressful occupations. Hence, current interest in reducing stress and enhancing the well-being of teachers is strong. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is documented to be effective in reducing stress and increasing well-being. This study investigated the effectiveness of delivering MBSR to lower secondary school teachers as a part of a teacher-training programme.

Methods
This study was a nested trial within the parallel cluster-randomized controlled trial, Stress-free Everyday LiFe for Children and Adolescents REsearch (SELFCARE). Schools were recruited from all five geographical regions in Denmark between May 2018 and May 2019. One to three teachers from each school were allowed to participate. At baseline, 110 schools, representing 191 lower secondary school teachers, were cluster-randomized to intervention or a wait-list control group. The intervention group received MBSR during 2019 and the wait-list control group during 2020. Data were collected at baseline and after 3  and 6 months. The primary outcome was measured by Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect linear regression model and bootstrapped for cluster effects.

Results
At 3 months, the intervention group statistically significantly reduced their PSS score 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–3.3] points more than did the wait-list control group. At 6 months, the intervention group had statistically significantly reduced their mean PSS score 2.1 (95% CI: 0.5–3.8) points more than the wait-list control group.

Conclusion
It is possible to reduce perceived stress among lower secondary school teachers by delivering MBSR as part of a teacher-training programme.
A nonfunctional copy of the salmonid sex-determining gene (sdY) is responsible for the “apparent” XY females in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Authors: Bertho Sylvain , Herpin Amaury , Jouanno Elodie , Yano Ayaka , Bobe Julien , Parrinello Hugues , Journot Laurent , Guyomard René , Muller Thomas , Swanson Penny , McKinney Garrett , Williamson Kevin , Meek Mariah , Schartl Manfred , Guiguen Yann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many salmonids have a male heterogametic (XX/XY) sex determination system, and they are supposed to have a conserved master sex-determining gene (sdY) that interacts at the protein level with Foxl2 leading to the blockage of the synergistic induction of Foxl2 and Nr5a1 of the cyp19a1a promoter. However, this hypothesis of a conserved master sex-determining role of sdY in salmonids is challenged by a few exceptions, one of them being the presence of naturally occurring “apparent” XY Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, females. Here, we show that some XY Chinook salmon females have a sdY gene (sdY-N183), with 1 missense mutation leading to a substitution of a conserved isoleucine to an asparagine (I183N). In contrast, Chinook salmon males have both a nonmutated sdY-I183 gene and the missense mutation sdY-N183 gene. The 3-dimensional model of SdY-I183N predicts that the I183N hydrophobic to hydrophilic amino acid change leads to a modification in the SdY β-sandwich structure. Using in vitro cell transfection assays, we found that SdY-I183N, like the wild-type SdY, is preferentially localized in the cytoplasm. However, compared to wild-type SdY, SdY-I183N is more prone to degradation, its nuclear translocation by Foxl2 is reduced, and SdY-I183N is unable to significantly repress the synergistic Foxl2/Nr5a1 induction of the cyp19a1a promoter. Altogether, our results suggest that the sdY-N183 gene of XY Chinook females is nonfunctional and that SdY-I183N is no longer able to promote testicular differentiation by impairing the synthesis of estrogens in the early differentiating gonads of wild Chinook salmon XY females.
New insights into the regulatory roles of glutathione in NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated immune and inflammatory responses
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Tsutsuki Hiroyasu , Li Xiaoyan , Sawa Tomohiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol (-SH) in mammalian cells. Its synthesis and metabolism serve to maintain cellular reduction–oxidation (redox) homeostasis, which is important for multiple cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and death. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the essential roles of GSH extended far beyond its oxidant and electrophile scavenger activities and regulatory role in the lifespan of cells. Recent findings revealed that altered GSH levels are closely associated with a wide range of pathologies including bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune disorders, all of which are also characterized by aberrant activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. As a result of these findings, GSH was assigned a central role in influencing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. To expand on our recent advances in understanding this process, we discuss here the emerging roles of GSH in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the therapeutic potential of GSH in its associated pathologies.