bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐conversion materials for organic solar cells: Progress, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Datt Ram , Bishnoi Swati , Lee Harrison Ka Hin , Arya Sandeep , Gupta Sonal , Gupta Vinay , Tsoi Wing Chung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational lifetime have made remarkable progress during the last decade by improving the active layer materials and introducing new interlayers. The newly developed wide bandgap organic donor and low bandgap acceptor molecules covered the absorption from the visible to the near‐infrared region. Whereas the incident high energy region (UV) is not in favor of OSCs. Its absorption causes thermalization losses and photoinduced degradation, which hinders the PCE and lifetime of OSCs. Recently, lanthanide and non‐lanthanide‐based down‐conversion (DC) materials have been introduced, which can effectively convert the high‐energy photons (UV) to low‐energy photons (visible) and resolve the spectral mismatch losses that limit the absorption of OSCs in high energy incident spectrum. Furthermore, the DC materials also protect the OSCs from UV‐induced degradation. The DC materials were also proposed to cross the Shockley‐Queisser efficiency limit of the solar cell. In this review, the need for DC materials and their processing method for OSCs have been thoroughly discussed. However, the main emphasis has been given to developing lanthanides and non‐lanthanides‐based DC materials for OSCs, their applications, and their impact on photovoltaic device performance, stability, and future perspectives.
Water‐dispersible and soluble porous organic polymers for biomedical applications
Authors: Tian Jia , Lin Furong , Yu Shang‐Bo , Yu Junlai , Tang Qingxuan , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) have become an emerging class of advanced porous organic materials owing to their structural diversity and tailored functions in solid state and organic media. Creating water‐soluble and related water‐dispersible POPs is still very challenging in the research area of porous organic materials. Their porosity‐based functions with diverse topological architectures in aqueous media offer promising platforms in bio‐related fields. This review highlights recent progress on water soluble or dispersible POPs for biomedical applications including bioimaging and biosensing, nanocarriers for drug delivery and tumor targeting, phototherapeutics, protein and gene delivery, biomacromolecule encapsulation and discrimination, and anti‐microbial activity.
Ergonomic demands and fetal loss in women in welding and electrical trades: A Canadian cohort study
Authors: Cherry Nicola , Beach Jeremy , Galarneau Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the relationship between ergonomic demands of the job at conception and fetal loss (miscarriage or stillbirth).MethodsWomen with a welding or electrical trade apprenticeship were identified across Canada for the Women's Health in Apprenticeship Trades–Metal and Electrical study. They completed a reproductive and employment history at recruitment and every 6 months for up to 5 years to provide details on pregnancies and work demands. Job at conception was identified and fetal loss examined in relation to ergonomic exposures/demands, allowing for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 885 women were recruited; 447 in welding and 438 in electrical trades. Of these, 574 reported at least one pregnancy. Analysis of 756 pregnancies since the woman started in her trade suggested no increased risk of fetal loss in those choosing welding rather than electrical work. Among 506 pregnancies conceived during a period working in a trade, 148 (29.2%) ended in fetal loss: 31.2% (73/234) in welding, and 27.6% (75/272) in electrical work. Detailed exposure information was available for 59% (299/506) of these pregnancies. In welders, the risk of fetal loss was increased with whole‐body vibration (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–3.31) and hand‐arm vibration for > 1 hour/day (PR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.33–3.49). In electrical workers risk increased with more than 8 days working without a rest day (PR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.25–4.17). Local exhaust ventilation reduced risk in welders.ConclusionsThere was no significant increase in fetal loss in welding trades compared to electrical work. Vibration, largely from grinding, and extended work rotations appear to be potentially modifiable factors of some importance.
Creating communities of care: Sex estimation and mobility histories of adolescents buried in the cemetery of St. Mary Magdalen leprosarium (Winchester, England)
Authors: Filipek Kori Lea , Roberts Charlotte A. , Montgomery Janet , Gowland Rebecca L. , Moore Joanna , Tucker Katie , Evans Jane A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the biological sex and geographical origins of adolescents buried at the St Mary Magdalen leprosarium (Winchester, UK). The data are combined with archaeological and palaeopathological evidence to broaden the understanding of mobility and its relationship to leprosy and leprosaria in Medieval England.Materials and MethodsNineteen individuals (~10–25 at death) with skeletal lesions diagnostic of leprosy were analyzed using standard osteological methods. Amelogenin peptides were extracted from five individuals whose biological sex could not be assessed from macroscopic methods. Enamel samples were analyzed to produce87Sr/86Sr and δ18O values to explore mobility histories.ResultsAmelogenin peptides revealed three males and two females. Tooth enamel samples provided an87Sr/86Sr ratio range from 0.7084 to 0.7103 (mean 0.7090, ±0.0012, 2σ). δ18OPvalues show a wide range of 15.6‰–19.3‰ (mean 17.8 ± 1.6‰ 2σ), with corresponding δ18ODWvalues ranging from −9.7‰ to −4.1‰ (mean −6.3 ± 2.4‰ 2σ).DiscussionAmelogenin peptide data reveal the presence of adolescent females with bone changes of leprosy, making them the youngest confirmed females with leprosy in the archaeological record. Results also show at least 12 adolescents were local, and seven were from further afield, including outside Britain. Since St. Mary Magdalen was a leprosarium, it is possible that these people traveled there specifically for care. Archaeological and palaeopathological data support the notion that care was provided at this facility and that leprosy stigma, as we understand it today, may not have existed in this time and place.
Distinct Roles of Rodent Thalamus and Corpus Callosum in Seizure Generalization
Authors: Brodovskaya Anastasia , Batabyal Tamal , Shiono Shinnosuke , Sun Huayu , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveBilateral synchronous cortical activity occurs during sleep, attention, and seizures. Canonical models place the thalamus at the center of bilateral cortical synchronization because it generates bilateral sleep spindle oscillations and primarily generalized absence seizures. However, classical studies suggest that the corpus callosum mediates bilateral cortical synchronization.MethodsWe mapped the spread of right frontal lobe‐onset, focal to bilateral seizures in mice and modified it using chemo and optogenetic suppression of motor thalamic nucleus and corpus callosotomy.ResultsSeizures from the right cortex spread faster to the left cortex than to the left thalamus. The 2 thalami have minimal monosynaptic commissural connections compared to the massive commissure corpus callosum. Chemogenetic and closed‐loop optogenetic inhibition of the right ventrolateral thalamic nucleus did not alter inter‐hemispheric seizure spread. However, anterior callosotomy delayed bilateral seizure oscillations.InterpretationThalamocortical oscillations amplify focal onset motor seizures, and corpus callosum spreads them bilaterally. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:682–696
Unprecedented Mushroom Polyketide Synthases Produce the Universal Anthraquinone Precursor
Authors: Löhr Nikolai A. , Eisen Frederic , Thiele Wiebke , Platz Lukas , Motter Jonas , Hüttel Wolfgang , Gressler Markus , Müller Michael , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(Pre‐)anthraquinones are widely distributed natural compounds and occur in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and animals, with atrochrysone (1) as the key biosynthetic precursor. Chemical analyses established mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius—the webcaps—as producers of atrochrysone‐derived octaketide pigments. However, more recent genomic data did not provide any evidence for known atrochrysone carboxylic acid (4) synthases nor any other polyketide synthase (PKS) producing oligocyclic metabolites. Here, we describe an unprecedented class of non‐reducing (NR‐)PKS. In vitro assays with recombinant enzyme in combination with in vivo product formation in the heterologous host Aspergillus niger established CoPKS1 and CoPKS4 of C. odorifer as members of a new class of atrochrysone carboxylic acid synthases. CoPKS4 catalyzed both hepta‐ and octaketide synthesis and yielded 6‐hydroxymusizin (6), along with 4. These first mushroom PKSs for oligocyclic products illustrate how the biosynthesis of bioactive natural metabolites evolved independently in various groups of life.
Building a Beyond Concentrated Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Anode‐Free Rechargeable Sodium Batteries
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Yang Huijun , Yang Quan‐Hong , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow‐cost and scalable sodium ion (Na‐ion) batteries serve as an ideal alternative to the current lithium‐ion batteries. To compensate for the shortage of energy density, the most accessible solution is developing a high‐voltage anode‐free configuration comprising a lightweight Al current collector on the anode and a high‐voltage sodiumized cathode. However, it imposes stringent Na reversibility and high‐voltage stability requirements on the electrolyte. A 3A zeolite molecular sieve film is rationally designed, and a highly aggregated solvation structure is constructed through the size effect. It suppresses the trace but continuous oxidative decomposition and extends the oxidative stability to 4.5 V without sacrificing the Na reversibility of the anode (99.91 %). Thus, we can make anode‐free cells with high energy density of 369 and 372 W h kg−1 for 4.0 and 4.25 V class cells, respectively. Furthermore, this strategy enables a long lifespan (250 cycles) for 4.0 V‐class anode‐free cells.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Erectones A and B, and the Revised Structure of Hyperelodione D
Authors: Franov Liam J. , Hart Jacob D. , Pullella Glenn A. , Sumby Christopher J. , George Jonathan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of biomimetic synthesis seeks to apply biosynthetic hypotheses to the efficient construction of complex natural products. This approach can also guide the revision of incorrectly assigned structures. Herein, we describe the evolution of a concise total synthesis and structural reassignment of hyperelodione D, a tetracyclic meroterpenoid derived from a Hypericum plant, alongside some biogenetically related natural products, erectones A and B. The key step in the synthesis of hyperelodione D forms six stereocentres and three rings in a bioinspired cascade reaction that features an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction, an intramolecular Prins reaction and a terminating cycloetherification.
Functionalization and Hydrogenation of Carbon Chains Derived from CO**
Authors: Batuecas Maria , Kong Richard Y. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelective reactions that combine H2, CO and organic electrophiles (aldehyde, ketones, isocyanide) to form hydrogenated C3 and C4 carbon chains are reported. These reactions proceed by CO homologation mediated by [W(CO)6] and an aluminum(I) reductant, followed by functionalization and hydrogenation of the chain ends. A combination of kinetics (rates, KIEs) and DFT calculations has been used to gain insight into a key step which involves hydrogenation of a metallocarbene intermediate. These findings expand the extremely small scope of systems that combine H2 and CO to make well‐defined products with complete control over chain length and functionality.
Hydrostatic pressure dependence in tensile and compressive behavior of an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer
Authors: Verbeeten Wilco M. H. , Sánchez‐Soto Miguel , Maspoch Maria Lluisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe strain‐rate dependence of a commercial grade ABS copolymer has been analyzed in both compression and tension. By measuring in two loading geometries, the hydrostatic pressure‐dependence on the material's deformation behavior can be established. An alternative method to determine pressure‐dependence, based on the difference in strain‐rate dependence for various loading geometries, has been presented. It was shown to be an effective technique, both for thermorheologically simple materials such as ABS, as well as thermorheologically complex materials, for example, PMMA. A yield criterion, based on an Eyring‐type pressure‐modified rate equation, has been compared to finite element simulations using the Eindhoven Glassy Polymer (EGP) constitutive model. Although both methods give quantitatively similar results for the yield stress prediction, only the fully 3D EGP model is able to represent the large‐strain deformation behavior.
Modular Approach to Benzofurans, 2H‐Chromenes and Benzoxepines via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Access to Phenylpropanoids
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Solanke Balaji U. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBenzofurans, 2H‐chromenes and benzoxepines are key structural elements present in several natural products and pharmaceuticals. Here, we describe an easy‐to‐execute strategy for the synthesis of benzofurans, 2H‐chromenes and benzoxepines, by employing Claisen rearrangement and ring‐closing metathesis as key steps. A variety of phenols were converted into useful oxacycles in good to excellent yields. The ring‐closing metathesis approach has been used to produce phenylpropanoid natural products. Examples described here include, the naturally occurring benzofurans such as 7‐methoxywutaifuranal, 7‐methoxywutaifuranol, 7‐methoxywutaifuranate and the O‐prenylated natural products like boropinic acid, boropinols A and C.
Recent developments of lipase immobilization technology and application of immobilized lipase mixtures for biodiesel production
Authors: Abdulmalek Saadiah A. , Yan Yunjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLipases are considered the most widely used industrial biocatalysts, and play a significant role in diverse industrial and biotechnological applications such as in biodiesel. Biodiesel is a renewable and ecologically friendly biofuel, and has received significantly increased attention in recent years. The reaction media of biodiesel synthesis via the transesterification process of fats and oils could be considered cascade reactions. The use of a mixture of immobilized lipases as biocatalysts in biodiesel reactions has received much consideration since it is a ‘greener technique’ and has several advantages over free lipases. The selection of appropriate carrier materials and immobilization techniques fundamentally affects the immobilized lipases’ catalytic performance for biodiesel production. Hence, this review discusses the recent developments for carrier materials and techniques for lipase immobilization as well as the current status of immobilized lipases mixtures and their application for biodiesel synthesis. The initial part of this review presents a brief introduction of lipases and their application for biodiesel preparation. New carrier materials and different basic and recent lipase immobilization techniques are also evaluated. Most significantly, studies carried out on mixtures of immobilized lipase‐catalyzed biodiesel for the last 15 years (2006–2021) are summarized. The economic and environmental evaluation of enzymatic biodiesel production is also presented. In the future, the application of mixed and co‐immobilized lipases may be enlarged to other enzymes and processes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID‐19 suggestion
Authors: Scarpellini Emidio , Balsiger Lukas M. , Maurizi Valentina , Rinninella Emanuele , Gasbarrini Antonio , Giostra Nena , Santori Pierangelo , Abenavoli Ludovico , Rasetti Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroelements represent an emerging resource for medicine and its preventive branch. Zinc is the second most abundant element in our organism with peculiar physiologic functions and pathophysiologic implications in systemic and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It interacts very often with gut microbiota (GM) and can affect natural course of GI diseases through a bidirectional relationship with intestinal bugs. We aimed to review literature data regarding zinc chemistry, role in health, and GI diseases in man with a special focus on its interaction with GM. We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta‐analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: zinc, microelements, gut microbiota, gut health, and COVID‐19. Zinc has a rapid and simple metabolism and limited storage within our body. Its efficacy on immune system modulation reflects on improved response to pathogens, reduced inflammatory response, and improved atopic/allergic reactions. Zinc is also involved in cell cycle regulation (namely, apoptosis) with potential anti‐cancerogenic effects. All these effects are in a “symbiotic” relationship with GM. Finally, zinc shows preliminary viral antireplicative effects. Zinc seems to gain more and more evidences on its efficacy in allergic, atopic and infectious diseases treatment, and prevention. COVID‐19 can be the booster for research on future applications of zinc as perfect “postbiotic” in medicine.
Teaching the chemical elements in biochemistry: Elemental biology and metallomics
Authors: Maret Wolfgang , Blower Philip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiochemistry primarily focuses on the non‐metal chemical elements carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus in the four groups of building blocks (sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides) and the corresponding macromolecules. However, at least 10 essential chemical elements of life are metals. This article discusses the consequences of such a bias, presents current knowledge that over 20 chemical elements are required for life, and makes a case for—and suggests benefits of—teachingelemental biologyalongside molecular biology and biochemistry, and inorganic chemistry in addition to organic chemistry. A relatively new interdisciplinary field, metallomics, has the potential to be a platform for integration when added to glycomics, lipidomics, proteomics, and genomics. It would fill a major gap in contemporary education, be relevant for many areas of science, and facilitate the teaching of important principles of chemistry in the biological sciences, thus helping students to gain a broader understanding of life processes from the molecular to the systemic biology level.
Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Peng Zi Qi , Liu Yan , Wang Si Yi , Jiang Yi Kai , Li Xiao Mao , Rong Xiao Hui , Sun Ye , Pan Juan , Guan Wei , Algradi Adnan Mohammed , Kuang Hai Xue , Yang Bing You 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne new phenylpropanoid schineolignin D (1), one new sesquiterpene (−)‐(7S,10S)‐3,11,12,13‐tetrahydroxycalamenene (2), one new quinic acid 4‐(E)‐O‐coumaroylquinic acid ethyl ester (3), and seven known compounds 4–10 were separated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis. The chemical structures of all compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopic experiments. All compounds were assessed for their neuroprotective effects on PC12 cell lines induced by H2O2. Compounds 1, 3–4, and 7 showed statistically significant neuroprotective activities with the negative control group at 12.5 μM.
Fermentative Production of Halogenated Tryptophan Derivatives with Corynebacterium glutamicum Overexpressing Tryptophanase or Decarboxylase Genes
Authors: Kerbs Anastasia , Burgardt Arthur , Veldmann Kareen H. , Schäffer Thomas , Lee Jin‐Ho , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aromatic amino acid l‐tryptophan serves as a precursor for many valuable compounds such as neuromodulators, indoleamines and indole alkaloids. In this work, tryptophan biosynthesis was extended by halogenation followed by decarboxylation to the respective tryptamines or cleavage to the respective indoles. Either the tryptophanase genes tnaAs from E. coli and Proteus vulgaris or the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase genes AADCs from Bacillus atrophaeus, Clostridium sporogenes, and Ruminococcus gnavus were expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum strains producing (halogenated) tryptophan. Regarding indoles, final titers of 16 mg L−1 7‐Cl‐indole and 23 mg L−1 7‐Br‐indole were attained. Tryptamine production led to a much higher titer of 2.26 g L−1 upon expression of AADC from B. atrophaeus. AADC enzymes were shown to be active with halogenated tryptophan in vitro and in vivo and supported production of 0.36 g L−1 7‐Br‐tryptamine with a volumetric productivity of 8.3 mg L−1 h−1 in a fed‐batch fermentation.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework as Novel Electrode Materials for Hybrid Battery‐Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Zahir Iqbal Muhammad , Amjad Nayyab , Waqas Khan Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe novel class of porous materials, metal‐organic‐framework (MOF) emerges as an efficient electrode material for energy storage applications. MOFs affirms to be effective materials for the fabrication of electrodes with unique structural diversity owing to its porosity, high surface area, and strong pore dimension control. MOF based electrodes for supercapattery are widely explored and are destined to be adapted by electrochemical energy storage devices (EEDs). Therefore, a comprehensive overview of MOFs is an utmost requirement to influence advanced research in materials for energy storage. In this regard, MOFs with dual metal (binary metal oxide), composites derived from carbon/metal oxide or graphene, and hybrid structures are promising candidates for energy storage applications and therefore discussed in this review. Numerous techniques for the synthesis of MOFs composites as well as enhancement in MOFs functionality and its utilization for energy storage devices are discussed. Later we state various MOF properties for energy storage applications. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) for various MOFs are reviewed.