bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressiveness of care in the last days of life in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Korea
Authors: Kim Jung Sun , Lee Sun Young , Lee Min Sung , Yoo Shin Hye , Shin Jeongmi , Choi Wonho , Kim Yejin , Han Hyung Sook , Hong Jinui , Keam Bhumsuk , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh-quality end-of-life (EOL) care requires both comfort care and the maintenance of dignity. However, delivering EOL in the emergency department (ED) is often challenging. Therefore, we aimed to investigate characteristics of EOL care for dying patients in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who died of disease in the ED at a tertiary hospital in Korea between January 2018 and December 2020. We examined medical care within the last 24 h of life and advance care planning (ACP) status.ResultsOf all 222 disease-related mortalities, 140 (63.1%) were men, while 141 (63.5%) had cancer. The median age was 74 years. As for critical care, 61 (27.5%) patients received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, while 80 (36.0%) received mechanical ventilation. The absence of serious illness (p = 0.011) and the lack of an advance statement (p < 0.001) were both independently associated with the receipt of more critical care. Only 70 (31.5%) patients received comfort care through opioids. Younger patients (< 75 years) (p = 0.002) and those who completed life-sustaining treatment legal forms (p = 0.001) received more comfort care. While EOL discussions were initiated in 150 (67.6%) cases, the palliative care team was involved only in 29 (13.1%).ConclusionsPatients in the ED underwent more aggressive care and less comfort care in a state of imminent death. To ensure better EOL care, physicians should minimize redundant evaluations and promptly introduce ACP.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations
Authors: Stiller Mariella , Bärnighausen Till , Wilson Michael Lowery 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate Partner violence (IPV) among pregnant women is a significant problem of public health importance. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies which have examined the phenomenon in sub-Saharan settings. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the prevalence, perpetrators, and associated factors of IPV during pregnancy in Kenya.

Methods
We were making use of the 2014 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data and included women and girls of reproductive age (15–49 years) who have ever been pregnant ($$n=4331$$

n
=
4331

). A weighted sample of respondents who have experienced violence during pregnancy ($$n=397$$

n
=
397

) were selected for further bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses in order to examine the association between IPV and socio-demographic factors.

Results
The prevalence of violence among pregnant women in Kenya was 9.2%, perpetrated mostly by the current husband or partner (47.6%), followed by the former husband or partner (31.5%). Physical violence was the most common (78.6%), followed by emotional (67.8%) and sexual (34.8%). Having one or two children ($$\hbox {aOR} =0.68$$

aOR
=
0.68

; $$\hbox {CI} = 0.53{-}0.88$$

CI
=
0.53
-
0.88

), having secondary or higher education ($$\hbox {aOR} = 0.53$$

aOR
=
0.53

; $$\hbox {CI} = 0.40{-}0.69$$

CI
=
0.40
-
0.69

) and being 18 years and above at first cohabitation ($$\hbox {aOR} = 0.75$$

aOR
=
0.75

; $$\hbox {CI}= 0.60{-}0.94$$

CI
=
0.60
-
0.94

) and at sexual debut ($$\hbox {aOR} = 0.65$$

aOR
=
0.65

; $$\hbox {CI}=0.53{-}0.80$$

CI
=
0.53
-
0.80

) were significantly associated with fewer reports of violence during pregnancy. Pregnant women who were divorced, separated or widowed ($$\hbox {aOR} = 1.91$$

aOR
=
1.91

; $$\hbox {CI} =1.47{-}2.47$$

CI
=
1.47
-
2.47

), who were employed ($$\hbox {aOR} = 1.34$$

aOR
=
1.34

; $$\hbox {CI} =1.06{-}1.70$$

CI
=
1.06
-
1.70

), who had witnessed their fathers beat their mothers ($$\hbox {aOR} = 1.59$$

aOR
=
1.59

; $$\hbox {CI} = 1.28{-}1.97$$

CI
=
1.28
-
1.97

) and who had primary education ($$\hbox {aOR} = 1.53$$

aOR
=
1.53

; $$\hbox {CI} = 1.11{-}2.14$$

CI
=
1.11
-
2.14

) were significantly more likely to experience violence.

Conclusions
To prevent violence among pregnant women in Kenya, training health care providers should go hand in hand with interventions sensitising and mobilising community members, both addressing the socio-demographic drivers of IPV during pregnancy and directing a particular attention to the most vulnerable ones.
The effect of nutrition education for cancer prevention based on health belief model on nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women
Authors: Sasanfar Bahareh , Toorang Fatemeh , Rostami Sahar , Yeganeh Maryam Zarif , Ghazi Maryam Lafzi , Seyyedsalehi Monireh Sadat , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, nutrition has received an increasingly important role in the etiology of cancer. Thus, public education about dietary factors associated with cancer risk or prevention could be an important intervention for cancer prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of cancer is increasing rapidly and the access to care is limited. The age-standardized incidence of breast cancer was 35.8 among Iranian women in 2020. We aimed to study the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women towards dietary factors related to cancer.MethodsIn this interventional study, 229 women from public health centers were recruited and underwent three 75-min sessions of education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Participants were interviewed by trained interviewers using a validated and reproducible nutrition-related cancer prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire (NUTCANKAP) questionnaire designed based on the HBM. Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants were assessed through this questionnaire. Three 24-h dietary recalls (one weekend and two nonconsecutive weekdays) were also collected before and one month after the intervention.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 45.14 years, and the mean BMI was 27.2 kg/m2. After the intervention, the participants had a higher intake of whole grain (p = 0.03) and a lower fat dairy (p = 0.009) and nuts (p = 0.04). However, the intake of high-fat dairy (p = 0.001) decreased after the intervention. We indicated significant differences in knowledge (p < 0.001) and nutritional practice scores (p = 0.01) after education. In addition, after the intervention, there were significant differences in the mean score of the HBM components, except for the perceived self-efficacy.ConclusionParticipation in a nutrition education program positively impacted the knowledge and nutritional practices linked to cancer prevention.
Exploring culinary medicine as a promising method of nutritional education in medical school: a scoping review
Authors: Tan Jacqueline , Atamanchuk Levi , Rao Tanish , Sato Kenichi , Crowley Jennifer , Ball Lauren 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Dietary modifications are considered a first-line intervention for chronic disease management, yet graduating doctors still report not feeling competent to counsel patients on their diet. Research has focused on methods to address this shortfall in physician competency, including culinary medicine. Culinary medicine is an approach to education that involves hands-on food and cooking learning experiences to equip participants with tools for improving the nutrition behaviour and health of their future patients. Despite positive findings in the efficacy of these interventions, they differ markedly in approach and target, which therefore fails to provide adequate evidence that could serve to guide future culinary medicine interventions.

Objective
A scoping review to synthesize the existing literature on culinary medicine interventions that are offered during medical training.

Methods
Online databases were used to identify literature published prior to April 2022 that involve a hands-on culinary medicine component to nutrition and examine academic impact, feasibility and acceptability.

Results
Twenty-four studies met the eligibility criteria. Despite promising gains in nutrition knowledge, confidence and high acceptability of the programs, large variations exist in delivery method, setting, and course content between programs. There is a lack of program cost reporting and long-term follow up of participants, inconsistent evidence for improved nutrition attitudes amongst participants, as well as geographically limited adoption of such programs.

Conclusions
The findings of this research demonstrate a clear increase in interest in the use of hands-on culinary medicine programs as educational tools, evidence of feasibility in implementation, and improved student nutritional knowledge, skill and counseling compared to a traditional didactic curriculum. The quality of culinary medicine research studies is increasing and the aims of research are narrowing to focus on how culinary medicine can positively impact medical education. The findings from this review will aid in legitimising culinary medicine as an effective delivery method of nutritional education in medical programs.
Impact of background music on the performance of laparoscopy teams
Authors: Han Ying , Zheng Bin , Zhao Linyong , Hu Jiankun , Zhang Chao , Xiao Ran , Wang Chunyan , Pu Dan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Acoustic conditions in the operating room have different impacts on surgeon’s performance. Their effects on the performance of surgical teams are not well documented. We investigated if laparoscopic teams operating under pleasant acoustic conditions would perform better than under noisy conditions.

Methods
We recruited 114 surgical residents and built 57 two-person teams. Each team was required to perform two laparoscopic tasks (object transportation and collaborative suturing) on a simulation training box under music, neutral, and noisy acoustic conditions. Data were extracted from video recordings of each performance for analysis. Task performance was measured by the duration of time to complete a task and the total number of errors, and objective performance scores. The measures were compared over the three acoustic conditions.

Results
A music environment elicited higher performance scores than a noisy environment for both the object transportation (performance score: 66.3 ± 8.6 vs. 57.6 ± 11.2; p < 0.001) and collaborative suturing tasks (78.6 ± 5.4 vs. 67.2 ± 11.1; p < 0.001). Task times in the music and noisy environments was subtracted to produce a music-noisy difference time. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the team experience score and the music-noisy difference time on the object transportation (r = − 0.246, p = 0.046) and collaborative suturing tasks (r = − 0.248, p = 0.044).

Conclusions
As to individuals, music enhances the performance of a laparoscopy team while a noisy environment worsens performance. The negative correlation between team experience and music-noisy difference time suggests that laparoscopy teams composed of experienced surgeons are less likely affected by an acoustic distraction than the noisy teams. Team resistance to acoustic distraction may lead to a new way for assessing team skills.
Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
Authors: Bell Phil R. , Hendrickx Christophe , Pittman Michael , Kaye Thomas G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to the navel or ‘belly button’ in some placental mammals, including humans. Although ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic amniote.

Results
We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained throughout life.

Conclusions
Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all non-avian dinosaurs.
Dry season prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic Gambian children, with a comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods
Authors: Mooney Jason P. , DonVito Sophia M. , Jahateh Maimuna , Bittaye Haddy , Bottomley Christian , D’Alessandro Umberto , Riley Eleanor M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Subclinical infection with Plasmodium falciparum remains highly prevalent, yet diagnosing these often low-density infections remains a challenge. Infections can be subpatent, falling below the limit of detection for conventional thick-film microscopy and rapid diagnostic testing (RDT). In this study, the prevalence of subclinical P. falciparum infections in school-aged children was characterised at the start of the dry season in the Upper River Region of The Gambia in 2017/2018, with a goal to also compare the utility of different diagnostic tools.

Methods
In a cross-sectional survey of children living in 29 villages on the south bank of the Gambia river (median age of 10 years), matched microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT, detecting histidine-rich protein 2) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR, targeting either 18S rRNA or var gene acidic terminal sequence) were used to determine the prevalence of patent and subpatent infections and to compare the performance of the different diagnostic methods.

Results
The prevalence of var gene acidic terminal sequence (varATS) qPCR-detectable infections was 10.2% (141/1381) with a median density of 3.12 parasites/µL. Malaria prevalence was highly heterogeneous across the region, ranging from < 1% to ~ 40% prevalence in different village clusters. Compared to varATS, 18S rRNA PCR detected fewer low-density infections, with an assay sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 98.8%. Parasite prevalence in the cohort was 2.9% by microscopy and 1.5% by RDT. Compared to varATS qPCR, microscopy and RDT had sensitivities of 11.5% and 9.2%, respectively, although both methods were highly specific (> 98%). Samples that were positive by all three tests (varATS qPCR, RDT and microscopy) had significantly higher parasite densities (median = 1705 parasites/µL) than samples that were positive by varATS qPCR only (median = 2.4 parasites/µL).

Conclusions
The majority of subclinical malaria infections in school-aged children were of extremely low parasite density and detectable only by ultra-sensitive PCR analysis. Understanding the duration of these low density infections, their physiological impact and their contribution to sustained parasite transmission is necessary to inform malaria elimination strategies.
Expression and copper binding characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 11, Cox11
Authors: Salman Abdulmalik Abdullahi , Goldring J. P. Dean 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Copper is an essential metal for living organisms as a catalytic co-factor for important enzymes, like cytochrome c oxidase the final enzyme in the electron transport chain. Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells are killed by excess copper and development in erythrocytes is inhibited by copper chelators. Cytochrome c oxidase in yeast obtains copper for the CuB site in the Cox1 subunit from Cox11.

Methods
A 162 amino acid carboxy-terminal domain of the P. falciparum Cox11 ortholog (PfCox11Ct) was recombinantly expressed and the rMBPPfCox11Ct affinity purified. Copper binding was measured in vitro and in Escherichia coli host cells. Site directed mutagenesis was used to identify key copper binding cysteines. Antibodies confirmed the expression of the native protein.

Results
rMBPPfCox11Ct was expressed as a 62 kDa protein fused with the maltose binding protein and affinity purified. rMBPPfCox11Ct bound copper measured by: a bicinchoninic acid release assay; atomic absorption spectroscopy; a bacterial host growth inhibition assay; ascorbate oxidation inhibition and in a thermal shift assay. The cysteine 157 amino acid was shown to be important for in vitro copper binding by PfCox11whilst Cys 60 was not. The native protein was detected by antibodies against rMBPPfCox11Ct.

Conclusions
Plasmodium spp. express the PfCox11 protein which shares structural features and copper binding motifs with Cox11 from other species. PfCox11 binds copper and is, therefore, predicted to transfer copper to the CuB site of Plasmodium cytochrome c oxidase. Characterization of Plasmodium spp. proteins involved in copper metabolism will help sceintists understand the role of cytochrome c oxidase and this essential metal in Plasmodium homeostasis.
Integration of radiogenomic features for early prediction of pathological complete response in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and identification of potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhang Ying , You Chao , Pei Yuchen , Yang Fan , Li Daqiang , Jiang Yi-zhou , Shao Zhimin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We established a radiogenomic model to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and explored the association between high-frequency mutations and drug resistance.

Methods
From April 2018 to September 2019, 112 patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. We randomly split the study population into training and validation sets (2:1 ratio). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained at baseline and after two cycles of treatment and were used to extract quantitative radiomic features and to construct two radiomics-only models using a light gradient boosting machine. By incorporating the variant allele frequency features obtained from baseline core tissues, a radiogenomic model was constructed to predict pCR. Additionally, we explored the association between recurrent mutations and drug resistance.

Results
The two radiomics-only models showed similar performance with AUCs of 0.71 and 0.73 (p = 0.55). The radiogenomic model had a higher predictive ability than the radiomics-only model in the validation set (p = 0.04), with a corresponding AUC of 0.87 (0.73–0.91).
Two highly frequent mutations were selected after comparing the mutation sites of pCR and non-pCR populations. The MED23 mutation p.P394H caused epirubicin resistance in vitro (p < 0.01). The expression levels of γ-H2A.X, p-ATM and p-CHK2 in MED23 p.P394H cells were significantly lower than those in wild type cells (p < 0.01). In the HR repair system, the GFP positivity rate of MED23 p.P394H cells was higher than that in wild-type cells (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The proposed radiogenomic model has the potential to accurately predict pCR in TNBC patients. Epirubicin resistance after MED23 p.P394H mutation might be affected by HR repair through regulation of the p-ATM-γ-H2A.X-p-CHK2 pathway.
Stress-induced epinephrine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness of CRC through the CEBPB/TRIM2/P53 axis
Authors: Zhou Zili , Shu Yan , Bao Haijun , Han Shengbo , Liu Zhengyi , Zhao Ning , Yuan Wenzheng , Jian Chenxing , Shu Xiaogang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that chronic emotional stressors likely participate in the occurrence of cancers. However, direct evidence connecting stress and colorectal cancer development remains almost completely unexplored.MethodsChronic stress mouse model was used to investigate the influence of stress on tumorigenesis. Several major agonists and antagonists of adrenergic receptors were applied to investigate the effects of β-adrenergic signaling on the development of CRC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (CHIP) were used to investigate the binding of p53 and CEBPB to TRIM2 promoter. Mammosphere cultures, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony-formation assay, scratch wound healing assays, qPCR, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation and western blotting were used to explore the effect of stress-induced epinephrine on the CEBPB/TRIM2/P53 axis and the progress of CRC cells.ResultsIn this study, we found that stress-induced epinephrine (EPI) promotes the proliferation, metastasis and CSC generation of CRC primarily through the β2-adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, our studies also confirmed that chronic stress decreased the stability of p53 protein by promoting p53 ubiquitination. Results of transcriptome sequencing indicated that TRIM2 was overexpressed in cells treated with EPI. Further studies indicated that TRIM2 could regulate the stability of p53 protein by promoting p53 ubiquitination. Finally, we further proved that CEBPB was regulated by EPI and acts as the upstream transcription factor of TRIM2.ConclusionsOur studies proved that stress-induced EPI promotes the development and stemness of CRC through the CEBPB/TRIM2/P53 axis.
TMEM16A as a potential treatment target for head and neck cancer
Authors: Okuyama Kohei , Yanamoto Souichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) forms a plasma membrane-localized Ca2+-activated Cl- channel. Its gene has been mapped to an area on chromosome 11q13, which is amplified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In HNSCC, TMEM16A overexpression is associated with not only high tumor grade, metastasis, low survival, and poor prognosis, but also deterioration of clinical outcomes following platinum-based chemotherapy. Recent study revealed the interaction between TMEM16A and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has an indirect crosstalk in clarifying the mechanism of TMEM16A-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can modulate TMEM16A expression along with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whose phosphorylation has been reported as a potential co-biomarker of HPV-positive cancers. Considering that EGFR forms a functional complex with TMEM16A and is a co-biomarker of HPV, there may be crosstalk between TMEM16A expression and HPV-induced HNSCC. EGFR activation can induce programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) synthesis via activation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and JAK/STAT3 pathway. Here, we describe an interplay among EGFR, PD-L1, and TMEM16A. Combination therapy using TMEM16A and PD-L1 inhibitors may improve the survival rate of HNSCC patients, especially those resistant to anti-EGFR inhibitor treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to propose a biological validation that combines immune checkpoint inhibition with TMEM16A inhibition.