bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Growth of Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes using Cobalt Disilicide
Authors: Liu Qidong , Yang Feng , Zhang Yan , Zhao Xue , Zhang Zeyao , Zhu Sheng , Li Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAfter chirality‐specified growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was realized by tungsten‐based intermetallic compound catalysts, here we developed a different kind of intermetallic compound, cobalt disilicide (CoSi2), as catalysts to selective grow carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). By using methane as carbon source, we obtained (11, 7) tubes with the selectivity of ∼24% and semiconducting SWCNTs (s‐SWCNTs) with the purity of ∼93% simultaneously. Because of the sensitivity of CoSi2 toward the oxygen‐containing environment at high temperatures, ethanol is not a good carbon feedstock. Our results not only expand the chirality library and catalyst database in the chirality‐selective synthesis of SWCNTs, but also further demonstrate the feasibility of intermetallic compound catalysts.
Real‐world data prognostic model of overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors as second‐line monotherapy
Authors: Julian Cristina , Machado Robson J. M. , Girish Sandhya , Chanu Pascal , Heinzmann Dominik , Harbron Chris , Gershon Anda , Pfeiffer Shannon M. , Zou Wei , Quarmby Valerie , Zhang Qing , Chen Yachi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and aimThe objective of this retrospective, observational, noninterventional cohort study was to investigate prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) and to develop a novel prognostic model.MethodsA total of 4049 patients with aNSCLC diagnosed between January 2011 and February 2020 who received atezolizumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab as second‐line monotherapy were selected from a real‐world deidentified database to build the cohort. Patients could not have received first‐line treatment with clinical study drug(s) nor immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 therapies.ResultsPatients had a median age of 69 years; 45% were female, 75% White, 70% had stage IV at initial diagnosis, and 70% had nonsquamous histology. A Cox proportional hazards model with lasso regularization was used to build a prognostic model for OS using 18 baseline demographic and clinical factors based on the real‐world data cohort. The risk‐increasing prognostic factors were abnormally low albumin and chloride levels, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≥ 2, and abnormally high levels of alkaline phosphatase and white blood cells. The risk‐decreasing prognostic factors were PD‐L1 positivity, longer time from advanced diagnosis to start of first‐line therapy, and higher systolic blood pressure. The performance of the model was validated using data from the OAK trial, and the c‐index for the OAK trial validation cohort was 0.65 and 0.67 for the real‐world data cohort.ConclusionsBased on baseline demographic and clinical factors from a real‐world setting, this prognostic model was developed to discriminate the risk of death in patients with aNSCLC treated with checkpoint inhibitors as second‐line monotherapy, and it performed well in the real‐world data and clinical trial cohorts.
Parallel CPU–GPU computing technique for discrete element method
Authors: Skorych Vasyl , Dosta Maksym 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of the simulations with the discrete element method (DEM) is significantly improved using a novel computational strategy. The new method is developed with a focus on platforms equipped with multi‐core central processing units (CPU) and general‐purpose graphics processing units (GPU). The DEM calculations are performed in parallel on the CPU and on the GPU using pre‐calculated Verlet lists with a posteriori analysis of their consistency. The operations related to the search for possible contacts are performed on the CPU, whereas the processing of interactions, and integration of motion, are executed on the GPU. Performance analysis done for various types of tasks has shown that the new method allows to significantly decrease the average computational time and to utilize available computational resources more efficiently compared to the sequential CPU–GPU execution mode. Furthermore, due to more efficient calculations, the overall energy requirement for the proposed strategy does not exceed the demand for conventional sequential CPU–GPU computations.
Circular CPM promotes chemoresistance of gastric cancer via activating PRKAA2‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Fang Lang , Lv Jialun , Xuan Zhe , Li Bowen , Li Zheng , He Zhongyuan , Li Fengyuan , Xu Jianghao , Wang Sen , Xia Yiwen , Jiang Tianlu , Zhang Lu , Wang Linjun , Zhang Diancai , Xu Hao , Yang Li , Xu Zekuan , Wang Weizhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy can significantly improve the disease‐free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is frequently applied in the clinic, acting as a first‐line chemotherapy drug of advanced GC, which could be used alone or combining platinum drugs. However, its efficacy is significantly attenuated by chemoresistance, which is associated with patients’ poor survival. Recently, there is evidence suggesting that dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to drug resistance in cancer, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) also take part in chemoresistance. However, whether circRNAs participate in 5‐FU chemoresistance through autophagy remains largely unknown.MethodsRNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis were performed in GC. Sanger sequencing, Actinomycin D assay and RNase R assay confirmed the circular structure of circular CPM (circCPM). Various cell line models and animal models were used to explore related functions in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative Real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization, ribonucleic acid; (RNA) pulldown assays, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays and Luciferase reporter assays were applied to explore involved pathways.ResultscircCPM was up‐regulated in 5‐FU resistant GC cell lines and tissue. Moreover, high circCPM expression is positively associated with poor survival. Silencing circCPM greatly improved chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, it directly binds to miR‐21‐3p in the cytoplasm and therefore increases the expression of PRKAA2, contributing to the activation of autophagy and chemoresistance.ConclusionOur results reveal that circCPM has a crucial role in regulating GC autophagy and 5‐FU resistance by targeting PRKAA2. It may function as a new theory basis for assessing the curative effect of GC and reversing 5‐FU chemoresistance.
Ameloblastoma with adenoid features: Case report with cyto‐histopathologic correlation and molecular findings
Authors: Jofre Sebastian A. , Roth Maxwell , Lahouti Arash H. , Gersten Adam , Azad Abul Kalam , Kelsch Robert D. , Asiry Saeed , Goldstein Yitzchak , Naeem Rizwan , Rao Rema 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmeloblastomas are benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumors that commonly present as expansile lesions in the tooth‐bearing areas. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of ameloblastomas are rare in clinical practice, and only a handful of case reports and series have described their cytologic features. We present the case of a 70‐year‐old woman with a large and disfiguring maxillary sinus soft tissue mass sampled via transcutaneous FNA. Aspirate smears were composed of small clusters of cohesive and monotonous basaloid cells. The accompanying cellblock showed similar clusters of basaloid cells in gland‐like, or “adenoid,” configurations, eliciting a differential diagnosis that included sinonasal and salivary gland neoplasms. Excisional surgery material was consistent with ameloblastoma with adenoid morphology. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis demonstrated FGFR2 and SMO pathogenic variants. This case exemplifies several uncommonly described features of ameloblastomas in cytology, including cyto‐histologic correlation, adenoid morphology, and NGS findings. Awareness of the cytologic features of this neoplasm are important for cytopathologists confronted with maxillary sinus lesions.
Assessing severity, treatment response, and phenotype in HS
Authors: Buechler Connor R. , Daveluy Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent abscesses, nodules, tunnels, and scarring in intertriginous areas. However, disease presentation and phenotype can vary widely, leading to unique challenges in determining disease burden and response to therapy. Over three dozen severity measures have been used at various times to provide static staging and track response to clinical interventions, and there are at least five proposed classification systems for clinical phenotypes, derived by either statistical methods or expert opinion. As yet, no single staging, outcome‐measurement, or phenotyping schema has proven to be far superior to the others in clinical practice, and very few studies have attempted to map proposed phenotypes to either outcome or clinical response to therapy. In this review, we discuss proposed phenotype schemas as well as provider‐scored, patient‐scored, and composite scoring systems that have been proposed for grading HS severity. We include relevant benefits and drawbacks to their routine use, with a focus on the most popular and recently developed systems, in the hope of providing a framework upon which future studies can be built to ensure the best possible care for those suffering from this debilitating disease.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Magnoshinin and (+)‐Merrilliaquinone: Application of a Late‐Stage Oxidative Functionalization Protocol
Authors: Salam Abdus , Kumar Dileep , Sahu Tonish Kumar , Khan Rahimuddin , Khan Tabrez 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA unified approach for the first enantioselective total synthesis of magnoshinin and merrilliaquinone is reported. The key feature of the synthesis is the DDQ assisted chemoselective late‐stage oxidative functionalization of the polyoxygenated chiral tetralin core accessed by utilizing the relayed asymmetric induction strategy. Then, the follow‐up of chemoselective redox chemistry facilitates the synthesis of (−)‐magnoshinin (28.2 % overall yield) and (+)‐merrilliaquinone (20.6 % overall yield) along the shortest route, starting from the known 3‐(2,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
Gold micro‐particles for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rasmussen Sten , Kjær Petersen Kristian , Kristiansen Martin Kaae , Skallerup Jakob , Aboo Christopher , Thomsen Mikkel Eggert , Skjoldemose Emilie , Jørgensen Nia Kristine , Stensballe Allan , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis exploratory study investigates if intra‐articular injected gold microparticles in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) reduce immunomodulatory‐based pain via proteomic changes in the synovial fluid (SF) and serum.MethodsThirty patients with moderate KOA were included. Intraarticular injections with 20 mg gold microparticles (72.000 particles, 20–40 µm in diameter) using the patient's synovial fluid (SF) as carrier were performed. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscores for pain, stiffness, and function were assessed at inclusion, 8 weeks and 2 years The PainDetect questionnaire, pain pressure threshold (PPT), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and pain diary were assessed at inclusion and 8 weeks. Proteome analysis was performed on SF and blood samples before and after 8 weeks of treatment.ResultsA decrease in WOMAC scores (pain (p = 0.0001), stiffness (p = 0.0088), activity (p = 0.0001)), PainDetect (p = 0.0002) and increase in PPT (p = 0.001) and CPM (p = 0.021) and a decrease in TS (p = 0.03) were found after 8 weeks compared to inclusion assessments. At 2 years follow‐up compared to baseline there was a decrease in WOMAC scores (pain (p = 0.0001), stiffness (p = 0.007), activity (p = 0.0001)) and PainDetect (p = 0.0001). In SF, 28 different proteins were downregulated and 11 upregulated (p < 0.05) mainly associated immune response. Similarly, 31 proteins were downregulated and 1 upregulated in serum (p < 0.05) reflecting key immune response and anatomical structure development processes. No adverse effects related to the treatment were recorded.ConclusionsGold microparticles injected intra‐articular in KOA joints may provide pain relief and an inflammatory modulatory effect based on proteome changes found in SF and serum. A randomized, controlled, double‐blind study is needed to infer a conclusion.SignificanceThis study indicates that intra‐articular gold may provide advantages in clinical practice for managing knee osteoarthritic pain. The use of intraarticular gold can add new knowledge to the treatment of inflammation and pain.
Serotonin receptors in epilepsy: Novel treatment targets?
Authors: Sourbron Jo , Lagae Lieven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the availability of over 30 antiseizure medications (ASMs), there is no “one size fits it all,” so there is a continuing search for novel ASMs. There are divergent data demonstrating that modulation of distinct serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) receptors subtypes could be beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy and its comorbidities, whereas only a few ASM, such as fenfluramine (FA), act via 5‐HT. There are 14 different 5‐HT receptor subtypes, and most epilepsy studies focus on one or a few of these subtypes, using different animal models and different ligands. We reviewed the available evidence of each 5‐HT receptor subtype using MEDLINE up to July 2021. Our search included medical subject heading (MeSH) and free terms of each “5‐HT subtype” separately and its relation to “epilepsy or seizures.” Most research underlines the antiseizure activity of 5‐HT1A,1D,2A,2C,3 agonism and 5‐HT6 antagonism. Consistently, FA, which has recently been approved for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome, is an agonist of 5‐HT1D,2A,2C receptors. Even though each study focused on a distinct seizure/epilepsy type and generalization of different findings could lead to false interpretations, we believe that the available preclinical and clinical studies emphasize the role of serotonergic modulation, especially stimulation, as a promising avenue in epilepsy treatment.
Immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta on RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Liu Zhidong , Liu Zhifang , Li Laihao , Zhang Junjie , Zhao Qiancheng , Lin Na , Zhong Wenzhu , Jiang Mei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta (SCP‐1‐1) in RAW264.7 cells. SCP‐1‐1 with a molecular weight of 440.0 kDa consisted of glucose and mannose. The immunomodulatory assay results showed that SCP‐1‐1 could significantly enhance phagocytic ability, NO production, and some cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) secretion of RAW264.7 cell in a dose‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis results demonstrated that SCP‐1‐1 could regulate the expression levels of the key proteins in the signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cell and might associated with NF‐κβ and PI3K signaling pathway. These findings could contribute to elucidate the immunomodulatory activities of the polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta.
Quantified integrated hepatitis B virus is related to viral activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Erken Robin , Loukachov Vladimir , van Dort Karel , van den Hurk Anne , Takkenberg R. Bart , de Niet Anniki , Jansen Louis , Willemse Sophie , Reesink Henk , Kootstra Neeltje 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
HBV can integrate in the host genome of the hepatocyte and recent findings suggest that integrated HBV contributes to the persistent production of viral proteins. Here, we quantified the levels of integrated HBV in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and analyzed the relation between HBV integration, virological activity (plasma HBV DNA and HBsAg levels), and clinical outcomes.

Approach and Results
We developed and validated a multistep Arthrobacter luteus (Alu)‐PCR that specifically amplifies integrated HBV and RT‐Alu‐PCR detecting mRNA transcripts derived from integrated HBV. Pretreatment liver biopsy samples and baseline characteristics of 124 patients with CHB either treated for 48 weeks with pegylated interferon plus adefovir or tenofovir or receiving no treatment were available for analysis. Integrated HBV sequences containing open reading frame S and X (but not C) and S and X mRNA transcripts derived from integrated HBV could be detected and quantified in liver biopsies. Integrated HBV levels correlated with HBV DNA, HBsAg, alanine aminotransferase plasma levels, and the liver histology activity index but not to levels of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), plasma pregenomic RNA, or hepatitis B core‐related antigen. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that lower baseline HBV integration levels were independently associated with HBsAg loss (functional cure) within 5 years follow‐up.

Conclusions
Integrated HBV levels are strongly correlated with surrogate markers for virological activity but not to cccDNA levels and are predictive for HBsAg loss. Our data suggest that integrated HBV is closely related to HBV replication and may therefore be an important tool in the evaluation and development of treatment modalities aiming to cure CHB.
Metastatic tumor antigen 1 contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis posttranscriptionally through RNA‐binding function
Authors: Li Yung‐Tsung , Liu Chun‐Jen , Kao Jia‐Horng , Lin Li‐Feng , Tu Hui‐Chu , Wang Chih‐Chiang , Huang Po‐Hsi , Cheng Huei‐Ru , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Wu Hui‐Lin 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
Both nuclear and cytoplasmic overexpression of metastatic tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) contributes to tumorigenesis of HCC. Most studies have focused on nuclear MTA1 whose function is mainly a chromatin modifier regulating the expression of various cancer‐promoting genes. By contrast, the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic MTA1 in carcinogenesis remain elusive. Here, we reveal a role of MTA1 in posttranscriptional gene regulation.

Approach and Results:
We conducted the in vitro and in vivo RNA‐protein interaction assays indicating that MTA1 could bind directly to the 3′‐untranslated region of MYC RNA. Mutation at the first glycine of the conserved GXXG loop within a K‐homology II domain‐like structure in MTA1 (G78D) resulted in the loss of RNA‐binding activity. We used gain‐ and loss‐of‐function strategy showing that MTA1, but not the G78D mutant, extended the half‐life of MYC and protected it from the lethal‐7–mediated degradation. The G78D mutant exhibited lower activity in promoting tumorigenesis than wild‐type in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA‐immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis demonstrated that MTA1 binds various oncogenesis‐related mRNAs besides MYC. The clinical relevance of cytoplasmic MTA1 and its interaction with MYC were investigated using HBV‐HCC cohorts with or without early recurrence. The results showed that higher cytoplasmic MTA1 level and MTA1‐MYC interaction were associated with early recurrence.

Conclusions:
MTA1 is a generic RNA‐binding protein. Cytoplasmic MTA1 and its binding to MYC is associated with early recurrence in patients with HBV‐HCC. This function enables it to regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis.
Persistence of severe liver fibrosis despite substantial weight loss with bariatric surgery
Authors: Pais Raluca , Aron‐Wisnewsky Judith , Bedossa Pierre , Ponnaiah Maharajah , Oppert Jean‐Michel , Siksik Jean‐Michel , Genser Laurent , Charlotte Frederic , Thabut Dominique , Clement Karine , Ratziu Vlad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
It remains unclear to what extent and which components of advanced liver disease improve after bariatric surgery. We herein describe the histological outcome in patients with advanced NASH and its relationship with weight loss and metabolic improvement.

Approach and Results
One hundred ninety‐six patients with advanced NASH underwent bariatric surgery, 66 of whom agreed to a follow‐up liver biopsy at 6 ± 3 years (36 with advanced fibrosis [AF] and 30 with high activity [HA] grade without AF). Liver biopsies LBs were centrally read and histological response was defined as the disappearance of AF or HA. Bariatric surgery induced major histological improvement: 29% of patients had normal histology at follow‐up biopsy; 74% had NASH resolution without fibrosis progression; and 70% had ≥1 stage fibrosis regression. However, AF persisted in 47% of patients despite NASH resolution and some degree of fibrosis reversal, only evidenced by the EPoS seven‐tier staging classification. These patients had lower weight loss and reduced hypertension or diabetes remission rates. Older age and sleeve gastrectomy were the only independent predictors for persistent AF after adjustment for duration of follow‐up. All HA patients had major histological improvement: 50% normal histology, 80% NASH resolution, and 86% a ≥1 grade steatosis reduction. Patients with normal liver at follow‐up had the largest weight loss and metabolic improvement. Independent predictors of normal liver were amount of weight loss, high histological activity, and the absence of AF before surgery.

Conclusions
Although bariatric surgery successfully reverses active steatohepatitis, AF can persist for many years and is associated with lesser weight loss and metabolic improvement. Weight loss alone may not be sufficient to reverse AF.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Risk Factors in a Community‐Based Sample of Mexican‐Origin Adults
Authors: Garcia David O. , Morrill Kristin E. , Lopez‐Pentecost Melissa , Villavicencio Edgar A. , Vogel Rosa M. , Bell Melanie L. , Klimentidis Yann C. , Marrero David G. , Thomson Cynthia A. 
Published: January 2022

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highest among Mexican‐origin (MO) adults. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of NAFLD in this subpopulation, particularly by sex and age. We assessed the prevalence of NAFLD in a community sample of MO adults residing in a border region of southern Arizona and determined risk factors associated with NAFLD. A total of 307 MO adults (n = 194 women; n = 113 men) with overweight or obesity completed an in‐person study visit, including vibration‐controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) for the assessment of NAFLD status. A continuous attenuation parameter score of ≥288 dB/m (≥5% hepatic steatosis) indicated NAFLD status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD. We identified 155 participants (50%) with NAFLD, including 52% of women and 48% of men; there were no sex differences in steatosis (men, 287.8 dB/m; women, 288.4 dB/m). Sex, age, patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) risk allele carrier status, comorbidities, and cultural and behavioral variables were not associated with NAFLD status. There was some evidence for effect modification of body mass index (BMI) by sex (P
interaction = 0.08). The estimated OR for an increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 was 3.36 (95% CI, 1.90, 5.91) for men and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.40, 2.64) for women. In post hoc analyses treating steatosis as a continuous variable in a linear regression, significant effect modification was found for BMI by sex (P
interaction = 0.03), age (P = 0.05), and PNPLA3 risk allele carrier status (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions to reduce body weight, with consideration of age and genetic risk status, are needed to stem the higher rates of NAFLD observed for MO populations.