bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ray tracing Particle Image Velocimetry – Challenges in the application to a packed bed
Authors: Velten Christin , Ebert Mirko , Lessig Christian , Zähringer Katharina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ray tracing Particle Image Velocimetry (RT-PIV) is a novel technique for high resolution velocity measurements in challenging optical systems, such as transparent packed beds, that uses ray tracing to correct for distortions introduced by transparent geometries. The ray tracing based correction is a post processing step applied to PIV particle images before classical PIV evaluation. In this study, RT-PIV is performed in the top layer of a body centred cubic (bcc) sphere packing with gaseous flow, where optical access is generated by the use of transparent N-BK7 glass balls with a diameter of d = 40mm. RT-PIV introduces new challenges, for example a limited field of view, illumination difficulties, a very large required depth of field and high sensitivity to geometric parameters used in the ray tracing correction. These challenges are discussed in the present work as well as the validation of the ray tracing reconstruction step and the finally obtained corrected vector fields.
Middle and long-term effects of modified release technique in rheumatic mitral valve repair
Authors: Chong Hoshun , Gao Yaxuan , Xue Yunxing , Zhu Xiyu , Li Jie , Wang Junxia , Zhang He , Wang Dongjin , Cao Hailong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: Repair or replacement remains debatable in rheumatic heart disease. To regain optimal mean transvalvular pressure gradients and end-diastolic peak flow velocity, the modified release technique combined peeling in the anterior leaflet and separated the shortened chordal. In the end, the mid and long-term outcomes of the modified release technique were evaluated.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 128 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, from January 2018 to July 2021 in our center. All patients undergoing mitral valve repair were using the modified release technique. The effect of mitral valve repair was evaluated by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography.
Results: All the 128 patients successfully repaired the mitral valve. The intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed trivial or mild regurgitation. The aortic valve was repaired without obvious regurgitation in 12 cases, 5 cases received an aortic valve replacement, 89 cases underwent tricuspid annuloplasty. There were no blood transfusions in most patients, no deaths nor complications during peri-operation, also, no deaths and adverse events were observed during the follow-up period from 3 to 42 months. During the follow-up, 122 cases had no mitral valve regurgitation and 2 cases of moderate regurgitation, 4 cases of mild to moderate regurgitation. The mean peak flow velocity was 1.2 ± 0.3 m / s, no new-onset stenosis occurred.
Conclusion: Modified release technique is safe and feasible. Its durability is acceptable in the long-term, with no new-onset stenosis during the follow-up.
Construction of nursing quality evaluation index system for kidney transplant patients: a Delphi method
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Chang Tiantian , Wang Jing , Xie Jianwei , Miao Qi , Zhang Xu , Liu Sainan , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaofei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective: To construct a nursing quality evaluation index system for kidney transplant patients after.
Background:At present, there is no scientific, sensitive, practical, and targeted nursing quality evaluation index system for kidney transplant patients in China.
Methods:Based on the "structure-process-outcome" three-dimensional quality model, a first draft of the nursing quality evaluation index system for renal transplant patients was developed through literature review, theoretical references, and semi-structured interviews, followed by a combination of Delphi and analytic hierarchy process to derive an authoritative index system and the weight of each level index.
Results:A total of 30 experts from 11 provinces participated in this study. Two rounds of the Delphi questionnaire resulted in a recovery rate of 100 % and 95.8%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.846 and 0.852. The Kendall coefficient was 0.281, 0.296. Furthermore, a total of 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 65 third-level indicators were obtained. The results of the weighted calculation showed that the index “Qualification rate of skills and knowledge training related to renal transplantation” (0.0926) was the highest, followed by “Implementation rate of medication guidance” (0.0655), “Development and update of the specific training program for renal transplantation” (0.0589), and “Implementation rate of postoperative dietary guidance” (0.0496).
Conclusion:By constructing a nursing quality evaluation index system for renal transplant patients, specific and targeted evaluation criteria for the quality of care in the renal transplantation department are proposed, which can more efficiently respond to nursing care errors and provide promotion value.
Implications for nursing management: As one of the tools to evaluate the quality of nursing, the nursing quality indicators for renal transplantation play a guiding role in nursing management and can determine the direction of nursing behavior adjustment, directly affecting the nursing quality. Establishing a scientific, sensitive, and practical nursing quality evaluation index can provide a reliable basis for evaluating hospital nursing quality.
Automatic Detection of Pneumonia using Concatenated Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Al-Taani Ahmad T. , Al-Dagamseh Ishraq T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pneumonia is a life-threatening disease and early detection can save lives, many automated systems have contributed to the detection of this disease and currently deep learning models have become one of the most widely used models for building these systems. In this study, two deep learning models are combined: DenseNet169 and pre-activation ResNet models and used for automatic detection of pneumonia. DenseNet169 model is an extension of the ResNet model, while the second is a modified version the ResNet model, these models achieved good results in the field of medical imaging. Two methods are used to deal with the problem of unbalanced data: class weight, which enables to control the percentage of data to be used from the original data for each class of data, while the other method is resampling, in which modified images are produced with an equal distribution using data augmentation. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using a balanced dataset consists of 5856 images. Achieved results were promising compared to several previous studies. The model achieved a precision value of 98%, an area under curve (AUC) based on ROC of 97%, and a loss value of 0.23.
Changes in the antioxidant activity and metabolite analysis of black elephant garlic
Authors: Nam Se-Hyun , Han Young-Sil , Sim Ki-Hyeon , Yang Seung-Ok , Kim Myung-Hyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the aging period on the black elephant garlic manufacturing process. Black elephant garlic is a processed elephant garlic product prepared by high temperature and high humidity treatment for 40 days. The proximate composition (moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, and ash), minerals, color values, reducing sugars, pH, and antioxidant activities of elephant garlic and black elephant garlic were evaluated. The browning intensity of elephant garlic increased with the aging period, but the browning reaction terminated after aging for 30 days, showing the same browning level. Reducing sugars increased with increasing the aging period until 20 days, then decreased with the aging period, in contrast to the pH, which decreased from 6.47 to 3.68 with the increasing aging period. Antioxidant components, including the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of black elephant garlic, increased significantly until day 30 of aging. Through metabolite profiles from GC/MS analysis, it was confirmed that primary metabolites related to antioxidant components, such as lactic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid, were generated during the aging process of elephant garlic.
Research on monitoring and protection technology of oil drilling rig ringing lock
Authors: Wang Yanyuan , Zhang Zhenzhong , Wei Guo , Liu Hao , You Lichun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new structure of the elevator latch device based on torque regulation control is proposed for single lifting ring accidents caused by the latches being not inserted in place in oil drilling. The device uses wireless intelligent sensing latches, and uses encoder to detect the running status and height of the traveling block. Once the system detects that the latches are not in place when the drawworks are up lifting, it will immediately take protective measures to limit the torque output of the drawworks motor from the power source of the electrical drive, so that the drawworks cannot drag the drilling tools to lift, achieving the purpose of preventing the occurrence of single lifting ring accidents. The sensors communicate with the controller in real time and are monitored through the Human Machine Interaction (HMI). The friendly interactive interface makes it more convenient for control. The latch is designed as a sliding adjustable structure, which effectively solves the problem of inconvenience of inserting the traditional latch due to the restricted space of the upper part of the socket after the lifting ring is buckled into the latch.
Static Friction Coefficient Depends on the External Pressure and Block Shape due to Precursor Slip: Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Iwashita Wataru , Matsukawa Hiroshi , Otsuki Michio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Amontons' law states that the maximum static friction force on a solid object is proportional to the loading force and is independent of the apparent contact area. This law indicates that the static friction coefficient does not depend on the external pressure or object shape. Here, we numerically investigate the sliding motion of a 3D viscoelastic block on a rigid substrate using the finite element method (FEM). The macroscopic static friction coefficient decreases with an increase in the external pressure, length, or width of the object, which contradicts Amontons' law. Precursor slip occurs in the 2D interface between the block and substrate before bulk sliding. The decrease in the macroscopic static friction coefficient is scaled by the critical area of the precursor slip before bulk sliding. A theoretical analysis of the simplified models reveals that bulk sliding results from the instability of the quasi-static precursor slip caused by velocity-weakening local friction. We also show that the critical slip area determines the macroscopic static friction coefficient, which explains the results of the FEM simulation.
Computational Analysis of the Sequence-Structure Relation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein using Protein Contact Networks
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Paola Luisa Di , Puccio Barbara , Lomoio Ugo , Giuliani Alessandro , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The structure of proteins impacts directly on the function they perform.Mutations in the primary sequence can provoke structural changes with consequent modification of functional properties. SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins have been extensively studied during the pandemic. Thus, a considerable body of data related to sequence and structure is available, enabling joint sequence-structure analysis. In this work, we focus on the SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike) protein and therelations between sequence mutations and structure variations, in order toshed light on the structural changes stemming from the position ofmutated amino acid residues in three different SARS-CoV-2 strains. We propose the use of Protein Contact Network (PCN) formalism able to: (i) get aglobal structural metric space and to compare various molecular entities and (ii) givea mechanistic explanation of the observed phenotype.PCNs have been used to compare sequence and structure of the α, δ and Omicron SARS-COV2 variants, and we found that omicron has a unique non random mutational Pattern that determines remarkable changes in structural properties.
Determining the Precise Extent of Sentinel Basins During Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Oh Sung Eun , An Ji Yeong , Min Jae-Seok , Jeong Sang-Ho , Ryu Keun Won 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
By analyzing sentinel basin dissection (SBD) data from the SEntinel Node ORIented Tailored Approach (SENORITA) trial, we sought to determine the precise extent of the sentinel basin (SB) without a tracer.
Materials and Methods
This study investigated SB length in patients (n = 25) who underwent laparoscopic SBD for early gastric cancer (EGC) in the SENORITA trial. SB length along the greater curvature (GC) and lesser curvature (LC) was measured intraoperatively before performing SBD.
Results
In all 25 cases, along the LC of the stomach the lengths of the SB were 3.4 ± 0.9 cm (mean ± SD) proximally and 3.2 ± 0.8 cm distally; along the GC side, the lengths of SB were 7.0 ± 1.9 cm proximally and 6.5 ± 1.7 distally from the tumors. SB length at the GC or LC side was not significantly different between subgroups categorized by tumor depth, size, and longitudinal location. When tumors were located at the anterior wall of the stomach, the length of proximal SB (10.0 ± 1.4 cm) at the GC side was longest. In cases with several sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), the lengths of SB at the GC side were significantly longer than those with fewer SLNs. However, the lengths of the SB were similar on the LC side regardless of the number of SLNs.
Conclusions
The SB length presented in this study could be a draft for simplifying procedures in laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery for stomach preservation in EGC.
Effectiveness of gene-expression connectivity analysis for evaluating treatment effects of frequent medicines on kidney in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Ji , Zhou Qiongxiu , Zheng Yu , You Xiaohan , Jin LingWei , Chen Chaosheng , Pan Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. It is still challenging to assess the treatment effects of frequently used IgAN drugs.
Methods We collected gene-expression profiles of renal tissues from eligible IgAN studies in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The IgAN drugs were identified by InChIKey from Connectivity Map (CMap) L1000 to construct a reference dataset of perturbational signatures. Dr Insight method of gene-expression connectivity analysis was performed to find effective drugs. Then, potential molecular mechanisms and target genes were explored using bioinformatic methods to assess the robustness of these results.
Results Six eligible IgAN studies were collected from GEO, and 92 compounds of drugs were identified from CMap L1000. Four types of calcium channel blockers and two glucocorticoids were identified as the most negatively connected to IgAN. The biological processes of mitosis and response to stimulus were enriched for involvement in the kidney injury of IgAN, and SMC4, TIPARP, TSC22D3, and ZFP36, were the important targets in the process.
Conclusions Our results indicated that gene-expression connectivity analysis was useful for evaluating the treatment effects of IgAN drugs, and more attention should be paid to SMC4, TIPARP, TSC22D3, and ZFP36 genes in IgAN.
“Caudal to Cranial” Versus “Medial to Lateral” Approach in Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy with Complete Mesocolic Excision for the Treatment of Stage II and III Colon Cancer: Perioperative Outcomes and 5-Year Prognosis
Authors: Yi Xiaojiang , Liao Weilin , Zhu Bosen , Feng Xiaochuang , Chen Zhaoyu , Li Hongming , Wang Jiahao , Lin Jiaxin , Lu Xinquan , Chen Chuangqi , Ouyang Manzhao , Diao Dechang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the “caudal to cranial” (CC) versus “medial to lateral” (ML) approach for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.
Methods Pertinent data from all patients with stage II and III between January 2015 and August 2017 were entered into a retrospective database.
Results A total of 175 patients underwent the ML (n = 109) or CC approach (n = 66). Patient characteristics were equivalent between groups. The CC group showed a shorter surgical time 170.00 (145.00, 210.00) vs. (206.50 (178.75, 226.25) min) than the ML group (p＜0.001). The time to oral intake was shorter in the CC group than in the ML group ((3.00 (1.00, 4.00) vs. 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) days; p=0.007). For the total harvested lymph nodes, there was no statistical significance between the CC group 16.50 (14.00, 21.25) and the ML group 18.00 (15.00, 22.00) (p = 0.327), and no difference was found in the positive harvested lymph nodes (0 (0, 2.00) vs. 0 (0, 1.50); p=0.753). Meanwhile, no differences were found in other perioperative or pathological outcomes, including blood loss and complications. For 5-year prognosis, overall survival rates were 75.76% in the CC group and 82.57% in the ML group (HR 0.654, 95% CI 0.336–1.273, p = 0.207); progress-free survival rates were 80.30% in the CC group and 85.32% in the ML group (HR 0.683, 95% CI 0.328–1.422, p = 0.305).
Conclusions Both approaches were safe and feasible and resulted in excellent survival. The CC approach was beneficial in terms of the surgical time and rapid recovery after operation.
Visualization of RNA virus infection in a marine protist with a universal biomarker
Authors: Coy Samantha , Utama Budi , Spurlin James , Kim Julia , Deshmukh Harshavardhan , Lwigale Peter , Nagasaki Keizo , Correa Adrienne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Half of the marine virosphere is hypothesized to be RNA viruses (kingdom Orthornavirae) that infect abundant micro-eukaryotic hosts (e.g. protists). To test this, quantitative approaches that broadly track infections in situ are needed. Here, we describe a technique – dsRNA-Immunofluorescence (dsRIF) – that uses monoclonal antibodies to assess host infection status based on the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a replicative intermediate of all Orthornavirae infections. We show that the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama produces dsRIF signal ~1000 times above background autofluorescence when infected by the +ssRNA virus HcRNAV. dsRNA positive virocells were detected across >50% of the 48-hour infection cycle and represented up to 63% of the population. Photosynthetic and chromosomal integrity remained intact during peak replication, indicating HcRNAV avoids interrupting these processes. This work validates the use of dsRIF on marine RNA viruses and their hosts, setting the stage for quantitative environmental applications that will accelerate understanding of virus-driven ecosystem impacts.
Evolving Morphologies for Locomoting Micro-scale Robotic Agents
Authors: Uppington Matthew , Gobbo Pierangelo , Hauert Sabine , Hauser Helmut 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Designing locomotive mechanisms for micro-scale robotic systems couldenable new approaches to tackling problems such as transporting cargos,or self-assembling in to pre-programmed architectures. Morphological factors often play a crucial role in determining the behaviour ofmicro-systems, yet understanding how to design these aspects optimally is a challenge. This paper explores how the morphology of a multi-cellular micro-robotic agent can be optimised for reliable locomotion using artificial evolution in a stochastic environment. We begin by establishing the theoretical mechanisms that would allow for collective locomotion to emerge from contractile actuations in multiple connected cells. These principles are used to develop a Cellular Potts model, in order to explore the locomotive performance of morphologies in simulation. Evolved morphologies yield significantly better performance in terms of the reliability of the travel direction and the distance covered, compared to random morphologies. Finally, we demonstrate that patterns in evolved morphologies are robust to small imperfections and generalise well to larger morphologies.
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (Kushen) inhibits NSCLC by targeting miR-183-5p/EGR1 and PTEN/AKt pathway
Authors: LI Jing , Huang Yi-xian , Zuo Hua-Li , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Lin Yang-Chi-Dung , Huang Hsienda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (Kushen) is the principal herb consisting of Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), which has been approved for the clinical treatment of tumors. Although CKI has been widely used, especially on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its underlying mechanisms of Kushen regarding microRNA-target gene-pathway remain unclear.
Methods
A549 cell line was selected as the NSCLC model and treated with different concentrations of Kushen to obtain the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. Then differentially expressed (DE) genes and miRNAs were analyzed with miRTarBase, miRDB, and TargetScan 7.0. A DE miRNAs-DEGs network was finally constructed to find the critical miRNA-mRNA interaction influenced by Kushen. Furthermore, clinical significance and prognosis analysis of hub genes based on TCGA and Oncomine datasets were performed further to narrow down the hub genes and corresponding miRNAs. Finally, the effects of Kushen on critical miRNA-mRNA interaction and related pathways were verified by in vitro experiments, including qPCR, Western blot, miRNA mimic transfection assay, and dual-reporter luciferase assay.
Results
A DE miRNAs-DEGs network was constructed based on miRNA-target databases screening, with 16 DE miRs and 68 DEGs identified. With the help of clinical evaluation and qPCR experiment of hub genes, we focused on miR-183-5p/EGR1 and miR221-3p/FOS interactions. The qPCR results indicated that Kushen induced down-regulation of miR-183-5p and miR-221-3p, and up-regulation of EGR1 and FOS. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that EGR1 and FOS were direct targets of miR-183-5p and miR-221-3p in A549 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the up-regulation of EGR1 by Kushen was also accompanied by an increase in PTEN expression and a decrease in AKt expression. And the opposite effects of EGR1 on A549 were eliminated by miR-183-5p overexpression. However, the overexpression of miR-221-3p cannot induce FOS down-regulation.
Conclusions
Altogether, the above results supported that miR-183-5p /EGR1 and the PTEN/AKT pathway played a crucial role in the beneficial effects of Kushen on A549, which highlights the therapeutic potential of Kushen in the treatment of NSCLC.