bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating protein copy numbers with interaction networks to quantify stoichiometry in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Duan Daisy , Hanson Meretta , Holland David O. , Johnson Margaret E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProteins that drive processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) are expressed at copy numbers within a cell and across cell types varying from hundreds (e.g. auxilin) to millions (e.g. clathrin). These variations contain important information about function, but without integration with the interaction network, they cannot capture how supply and demand for each protein depends on binding to shared and distinct partners. Here we construct the interface-resolved network of 82 proteins involved in CME and establish a metric, a stoichiometric balance ratio (SBR), that quantifies whether each protein in the network has an abundance that is sub- or super-stoichiometric dependent on the global competition for binding. We find that highly abundant proteins (like clathrin) are super-stoichiometric, but that not all super-stoichiometric proteins are highly abundant, across three cell populations (HeLa, fibroblast, and neuronal synaptosomes). Most strikingly, within all cells there is significant competition to bind shared sites on clathrin and the central AP-2 adaptor by other adaptor proteins, resulting in most being in excess supply. Our network and systematic analysis, including response to perturbations of network components, show how competition for shared binding sites results in functionally similar proteins having widely varying stoichiometries, due to variations in both abundance and their unique network of binding partners.
Millimeter-scale focal length tuning with MEMS-integrated meta-optics employing high-throughput fabrication
Authors: Han Zheyi , Colburn Shane , Majumdar Arka , Böhringer Karl F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMiniature varifocal lenses are crucial for many applications requiring compact optical systems. Here, utilizing electro-mechanically actuated 0.5-mm aperture infrared Alvarez meta-optics, we demonstrate 3.1 mm (200 diopters) focal length tuning with an actuation voltage below 40 V. This constitutes the largest focal length tuning in any low-power electro-mechanically actuated meta-optic, enabled by the high energy density in comb-drive actuators producing large displacements at relatively low voltage. The demonstrated device is produced by a novel nanofabrication process that accommodates meta-optics with a larger aperture and has improved alignment between meta-optics via flip-chip bonding. The whole fabrication process is CMOS compatible and amenable to high-throughput manufacturing.
Comparative mitogenomics of freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus, obligatory vectors of Schistosoma haematobium, causative agent of human urogenital schistosomiasis
Authors: Zhang Si-Ming , Bu Lijing , Lu Lijun , Babbitt Caitlin , Adema Coen M. , Loker Eric S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong the snail genera most responsible for vectoring human-infecting schistosomes,Bulinus, Biomphalaria, and Oncomelania, the former is in many respects the most important. Bulinid snails host the most common human blood fluke,Schistosoma haematobium,responsible for approximately two-thirds of the estimated 237 million cases of schistosomiasis. They also support transmission of schistosomes to millions of domestic and wild animals. Nonetheless, our basic knowledge of the 37Bulinusspecies remains incomplete, especially with respect to genome information, even including mitogenome sequences. We determined complete mitogenome sequences forBulinus truncatus,B. nasutus, andB. ugandae, and three representatives ofB. globosusfrom eastern, central, and western Kenya. A difference of the location oftRNA-Aspwas found between mitogenomes from the three species of theBulinus africanusgroup andB. truncatus. Phylogenetic analysis using partialcox1sequences suggests thatB. globosusis a complex comprised of multiple species. We also highlight the status ofB. ugandaeas a distinct species with unusual interactions with theS. haematobiumgroup parasites deserving of additional investigation. We provide sequence data for potential development of genetic markers for specific or intraspecificBulinusstudies, help elucidate the relationships amongBulinusspecies, and suggest ways in which mitogenomes may help understand the complex interactions betweenSchistosomaandBulinussnails and their relatives.
Antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses for long term prognosis of corneal infection by cytomegalovirus in immunocompetent subjects
Authors: Uotani Ryu , Miyazaki Dai , Shimizu Yumiko , Ohtani Fumie , Haruki Tomoko , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Koyama Ayumi , Inoue Yoshitsugu , Suzutani Tatsuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOcular cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompetent individuals are rare, but its activation can cause chronic and relapsing inflammation in anterior segment of the eye resulting in loss of corneal clarity and glaucoma. Fifty five patients with anterior segment CMV infection were assessed for their clinical characteristics, and CMV corneal endotheliitis was found to cause significant loss of corneal endothelial cells. The disease duration with recurrences was significantly correlated with the maximum intraocular level of CMV DNA. To examine why CMV is activated in healthy immunocompetent individuals and causing corneal endothelial cell damage, assays of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) which directly target infected corneal endothelial cells were performed for 9 HLA-matched CMV corneal endotheliitis patients (HLA-A*2402). When the cell loss was analyzed for associations with CTL responses, CMV-induced endothelial cell damage was mitigated by pp65-specific CTL induction. The recurrence-free time was also prolonged by pp65-specific CTL induction (hazard ratio (HR): 0.93, P = 0.01). In contrast, IE1-specific CTL was associated with endothelial cell damage and reduced the time for corneal transplantation (HR: 1.6, P = 0.003) and glaucoma surgery (HR: 1.5, P = 0.001). Collectively, induction of pp65-specific CTL was associated with improved visual prognosis. However, IE1-specific CTL without proper induction of pp65-specific CTL can cause pathological damage leading to the need of surgical interventions.
Raman scattering enhancement of dielectric microspheres on silicon nitride film
Authors: Ogura Toshihiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCirculating light in the total internal reflection within dielectric spheres or disks is called the whispering gallery mode (WGM), which by itself is highly sensitive to its surface and capable of detecting viruses and single atomic ions. The detection site of the sensors using WGM is created by the evanescent light from the circulating light inside spheres. Here we report anomalous Raman scattering enhancement in dielectric microspheres on a silicon nitride (SiN) film. This Raman enhancement occurs at the periphery of the spheres, and a similar ring of light was also observed under a fluorescence microscope. This is caused by the light circulating around the dielectric spheres as in the WGM. We observed anomalously enhanced Raman spectrum at the periphery of 3 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) microspheres on a SiN film using confocal laser Raman microscopy. The wavelength intensity of this enhanced Raman spectrum was accompanied by periodic changes due to interference. These features may lead to the development of high-sensitive sensors and optical devices.
In-plane current induced nonlinear magnetoelectric effects in single crystal films of barium hexaferrite
Authors: Popov Maksym , Zavislyak Igor , Qu Hongwei , Balbashov A. M. , Page M. R. , Srinivasan G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis report is on the observation and analysis of nonlinear magnetoelectric effects (NLME) for in-plane currents perpendicularly to the hexagonal axis in single crystals and liquid phase epitaxy grown thin films of barium hexaferrite. Measurements involved tuning of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 56–58 GHz in the multidomain and single domain states in the ferrite by applying a current. Data on the shift in the resonance frequency with input electric power was utilized to estimate the variations in the magnetic parameter that showed a linear dependence on the input electric power. The NLME tensor coefficients were determined form the estimated changes in the magnetization and uniaxial anisotropy field. The estimated NLME coefficients for in-plane currents are shown to be much higher than for currents flowing along the hexagonal axis. Although the frequency shift of FMR was higher for the single domain resonance, the multi-domain configuration is preferable for device applications since it eliminates the need for a large bias magnetic field. Thus, multidomain resonance with current in the basal plane is favorable for use in electrically tunable miniature, ferrite microwave signal processing devices requiring low operating power.
Enhancing osseointegration and mitigating bacterial biofilms on medical-grade titanium with chitosan-conjugated liquid-infused coatings
Authors: Villegas Martin , Zhang Yuxi , Badv Maryam , Alonso-Cantu Claudia , Wilson David , Hosseinidoust Zeinab , Didar Tohid F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanium alloys, in particular, medical-grade Ti-6Al-4 V, are heavily used in orthopaedic applications due to their high moduli, strength, and biocompatibility. Implant infection can result in biofilm formation and failure of prosthesis. The formation of a biofilm on implants protects bacteria from antibiotics and the immune response, resulting in the propagation of the infection and ultimately resulting in device failure. Recently, slippery liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) have been investigated for their stable liquid interface, which provides excellent repellent properties to suppress biofilm formation. One of the current limitations of LIS coatings lies in the indistinctive repellency of bone cells in orthopaedic applications, resulting in poor tissue integration and bone ingrowth with the implant. Here, we report a chitosan impregnated LIS coating that facilitates cell adhesion while preventing biofilm formation. The fabricated coating displayed high contact angles (108.2 ± 5.2°) and low sliding angles (3.56 ± 4.3°). Elemental analysis obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the availability of fluorine and nitrogen, indicating the presence of fluorosilane and chitosan in the final coating. Furthermore, our results suggest that chitosan-conjugated LIS increased cell adhesion of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and significantly promoted proliferation (a fourfold increase at 7-day incubation) compared to conventional titanium liquid-infused surfaces. Furthermore, the chitosan conjugated LIS significantly reduced biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by up to 50% and 75% when compared to untreated titanium and chitosan-coated titanium, respectively. The engineered coating can be easily modified with other biopolymers or capture molecules to be applied to other biomaterials where tissue integration and biofilm prevention are needed.
Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Echinacea purpurea contained nanoparticles on meniscal/ligamentous injury induced osteoarthritis in obese male rats
Authors: Johnson Athira , Huang Yu-Chia , Mao Chien-Feng , Chen Chun-Kai , Thomas Sabu , Kuo Hsiang-Ping , Miao Song , Kong Zwe-Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease associated with age, mechanical stress, and obesity. Echinacea purpureais a medicinal plant that shows good anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. In this study,Echinacea purpureaethanol extract nanoparticles (Nano-EE) were prepared by encapsulatingEchinacea purpureaethanol extract (EE) in chitosan-silica nanoparticles. Obesity (OB) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was induced by fed 40% high-fat diet and then anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injury were performed to induce OA. The rats got different doses of samples by oral gavage. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of Nano-EE were 69.1% and 36.1%, respectively. The average size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of the Nano-EE were 145 ± 11 nm, 0.24 ± 0.01, − 4.57 ± 0.44 mV, respectively. Furthermore, electron microscopic images showed that the particles were spherical and were slightly agglomerated. Moreover, it showed that the leptin content, expression of MMPs, cytokines level, NF-κB level, and iNOS production were decreased whereas collagen II expression was increased after treatment. Besides, Nano-EE ameliorated the pain caused by OA and reduced the proteoglycan loss in cartilage. These results indicated that encapsulated EE (Nano-EE) can ameliorate OA with a low dosage and are more effective than unencapsulated EE.
Effect of contact resistance on the electrical conductivity of polymer graphene nanocomposites to optimize the biosensors detecting breast cancer cells
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the contact regions among neighboring nanoparticles in polymer graphene nanocomposites by the extension of nanosheets. The resistance of graphene and the contact zones represent the total resistance of the prolonged nanosheets. Furthermore, the graphene size, interphase depth, and tunneling distance express the effective volume portion of graphene, while the onset of percolation affects the fraction of percolated nanosheets. Finally, a model is developed to investigate the conductivity of the samples using the graphene size, interphase depth, and tunneling size. In addition to the roles played by certain factors in conductivity, the experimental conductivity data for several samples confirm the conductivity predictions. Generally, the polymer sheet in tunnels determines the total resistance of the extended nanosheets because graphene ordinarily exhibits negligible resistance. In addition, a large tunnel positively accelerates the onset of percolation, but increases the tunneling resistance and attenuates the conductivity of the nanocomposite. Further, a thicker interphase and lower percolation threshold promote the conductivity of the system. The developed model can be applied to optimize the biosensors detecting the breast cancer cells.
Improving thermal stability of LiNbO3 based electro‐optical electric field sensor by depositing a TiO2 film
Authors: Wang She , Wang Hai , Li Chanxiao , Zhuang Chijie , Zeng Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectro‐optic electric field sensors based on LiNbO3 are widely used for the measurement of electric fields or transient voltages. However, the working bias of the sensor is influenced by the temperature due to the thermo‐optic effect of LiNbO3. An athermal electro‐optic electric field sensor was demonstrated by coating a thin layer of TiO2 film which has a negative thermo‐optic coefficient, on the common‐path interferometer based sensor to compensate LiNbO3's positive thermo‐optic coefficient. Both calculation and experimental studies were conducted. The experimental results reasonably agree well with the calculated values, and the results show the sensor coated with a 640 nm thick TiO2 film has a much smaller temperature dependence of 0.011°/°C compared to the initial value of 0.1°/°C.
Complications, Length of Hospital Stay, and Cost of Care after Surgery for Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis
Authors: Abboud Tammam , Melich Patrick , Scheithauer Simone , Rohde Veit , Schatlo Bawarjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Infectious Spondylodiscitis is a heterogeneous disease usually affecting a fragile patient population with multiple comorbidities. Therefore, surgical and medical complications are important considerations before initiating treatment.
Methods This retrospective analysis included data of 218 patients who underwent surgical treatment for pyogenic Spondylodiscitis between 2008 and 2016. Groups were divided into length of hospital stay (LOS) (group I ≤21 days and group II>21 days). Analysis included patient age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, smoking, obesity, osteoporosis, colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria, preoperative neurologic deficit, pre- and postoperative inflammation markers (CRP and WBC), duration of surgery, number of operated segments, vertebrectomy, and postoperative medical and surgical complications. The case value for each patient expressed in Euro was retrieved from hospital records and included in the analysis.
Results Duration of stay after surgical treatment of Spondylodiscitis was ≤21 days (range: 4–21 days; mean: 16 days) in 41% of patients and >21 days (range: 22–162 days; mean: 41 days) in 59% of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that both medical complications (odds ratio [OR]: 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–5.56; p=0.012) and surgical site infection (OR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.35–15.51; p<0.001) were independently associated with a long hospital stay. Case values averaged at €21,667±1,579 (minimum: €2,888; maximum: €203,802) and correlated significantly with the length of hospital stay (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.681; p<0.05). The occurrence of a postoperative complication increased the cost of care significantly from €17,790 to 24,527 on average (p=0.025).
Conclusions This study provides benchmark data for patients treated surgically for Spondylodiscitis. Surgical site infection and medical complications are the main drivers of prolonged hospital stays and cost of care.
Physiologic Osseous Remodeling of the Anterior Wall of the Spinal Canal after Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ni Haofei , Mao Wei , Li Hailong , Dong Youhai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) has been widely used in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), cervical trauma, and other cervical diseases, but few studies have reported the osseous and physiologic remodeling of the anterior wall of the spinal canal following ACCF. In this study, we analyze that remodeling process and its influence on titanium mesh cage (TMC) subsidence.
Methods We performed a clinical and radiologic analysis of consecutive patients treated with ACCF. Growth rates (GRs) reflecting the extent of remodeling of the remnants of the resected vertebral bodies were measured. We compared the computed tomography (CT) scans taken immediately and at least 1 year after surgery, and a literature review was conducted.
Results In all, 48 patients underwent ACCF at a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.0 years. The median follow-up was 36 months, and 159 CT images were analyzed. The GR values of the remnants of the vertebral bodies on CT images immediately and 1 year after surgery were 0.505 ± 0.077 and 0.650 ± 0.022 (p < 0.001), respectively, and the GR value at ≥4 years was 1. Axial CT scans showed that remodeling starts from the lateral remnants of the resected vertebral bodies, finally reaching the center. When fusion of the vertebral bodies and the titanium cage was complete during the first year after ACCF, osteogenesis and remodeling were initiated in the osseous anterior wall of the spinal canal. The remodeling of the osseous anterior wall of the spinal canal was completed at the fourth year after surgery, without recompressing the spinal cord, as seen on both axial and lateral CT scans. According to the literature review, there was no TMC subsidence at more than 4 years after surgery.
Conclusion The anterior wall of the spinal canal undergoes osseous remodeling after ACCF. The process is complete in the fourth year after surgery and prevents TMC subsidence.
A Data-Driven Assessment of the U.S. Health Informatics Programs and Job Market
Authors: Patel Jay S. , Vo Hoa , Nguyen An , Dzomba Bari , Wu Huanmei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Health Informatics (HI) is an interdisciplinary field, integrating health sciences, computer science, information science, and cognitive science to assist health information management, analysis, and utilization. As the HI field is broad, it is impossible that a student will be able to master all the diverse HI topics. Thus, it is important to train the HI students based on the offering of the various HI programs and needs of the current market. This project will study the U.S. HI programs, training materials, HI job market, the skillset required by the employers, competencies taught in HI programs, and comparisons between them.
Methods We collected the training information for the 238 U.S. universities that offered MS, PhD, or postbaccalaureate certificate programs in HI or related professions. Next, we explored the HI job market by randomly checking 200 jobs and their required skillsets and domain knowledge. Then, we compared these skillsets with those offered by the HI programs and identified the gaps and overlaps for program enhancements.
Results Among the 238 U.S. universities, 94 universities offer HI programs: 92 universities with MS (Master of Science), 43 with doctoral, 42 with both MS and doctoral, and 54 with certificate programs. The most offered HI courses are related to practicum, data analytics, research, and ethics. For the HI job postings, the three most technical skillsets required in HI job posting are data analysis, database management, and knowledge of electronic health records. However, only 58% of HI programs offer courses in database management and analytics. Compared with American Medical Informatics Association's recommended 10 fundamental domains, the HI curriculum generally lacks training in socio-technical systems, social-behavioral aspects of health, and interprofessional collaborative practice.
Conclusion There are gaps between the industry expectations of HI and the training received in HI programs. Advance level technical courses are needed in HI programs to meet industry expectations.
Perceived impacts of short-term rentals in the local community in the UK.
Authors: Miguel Cristina , Lutz Christoph , Alonso-Almeida María del Mar , Jones Brian , Majetić Filip , Perez-Vega Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This study explores the perceived impacts of short-term rentals (STRs) in the UK through a quantitative analysis. A 57-item questionnaire covering sociocultural, economic, political, environmental and technological impacts of STRs was distributed online among guests, hosts and aware non-users. Apart from descriptive statistics, the data analysis included a principal component analysis to explore the dimensionality of the perceived impacts, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess differences in the community-related dimensions among the included groups. The results reveal that: (i) STRs are perceived relatively ambivalently but slightly more positively than negatively; (ii) environmental care, urban transformation, social capital and lifestyle, housing, infrastructure and events, and antisocial behaviour and crime are the key dimensions of the perceived impact; and (iii) stakeholder groups who were more involved in STRs perceived the impact of such rentals positively. We discuss the findings in the light of the literature on community resilience.