bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
regO, a Novel Locus in the Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Mansour Manar Mahmoud , Abou-Aisha Khaled 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: A new locus, regO, involved in the regulation of photosynthesis gene expression in response to oxygen and light, has been studied in Rhodosprillum rubrum ATCC1117 (Rsp. rubrum) for identification of its function. Methods: Inactivation of regO by interposon mutagenesis resulted in the inability of cells to grow photosynthetically, (i.e. become PS–). Also Protein domain analysis of RegO was done using BLAST engine was also performed. Results: The mutant strain was able to grow only anaerobically in the dark in presence of DMSO as an external electron acceptor. Under these conditions, the mutant produced substantially lower amounts of photosynthetic membranes, indicating that regO is involved in photosynthetic gene expression in response to anaerobiosis. The Rsp. rubrum REGO– disrupted mutant recovered the synthesis of photosynthetic membranes, and retained regulation by light and/or oxygen tension, when wild type the regO gene was provided in-trans.Protein domain analysis of RegO revealed that it encodes a multi-domain sensor histidine kinase (HK). The signal-input, PAS domains, bear strong similarities to putative heme-bound sensors involved in sensing light, redox potential and/or oxygen. The output HK domain exhibits strong homology to sensor domains from bacterial two-component systems involved in signal transduction in response to the same environmental signalsConclusion: regO is sensor histidine kinase that belong to bacterial two-component systems responsible for signal transduction in response to light and oxygen in particularly absence of oxygen. It is belived to be involved in the regulation of terapyroll biosynthesis, which was shown as a lack of photosynthetic membranes in the mutant strain regO. Unlike other sensor kinase homologues from related anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial species, RegO is predicted to lack transmembrane domains and is thus expected to be a cytosolic member of a two-component signal transduction system.
Identification of disinfection by-product precursors by natural organic matter fractionation: a review
Authors: Dejaeger Karlien , Criquet Justine , Vanoppen Marjolein , Vignal Cécile , Billon Gabriel , Cornelissen Emile R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During water disinfection, natural organic matter reacts with chlorinated reagents to produced harmful byproducts, yet the formation and nature of those byproducts are poorly known. Therefore, scientists have focused on the fractionation of natural organic matter with membranes or resins to better understand how and which organic matter fractions react during chlorination. Here we compared the reactivity of disinfection by-products for various organic fractions with a meta-analysis of data from 400 water samples published in 80 publications, with focus on chlorination time and dose, (SUVA254) and the column capacity factor used during resin fractionation. SUVA254 refer to specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm divided by the organic matter concentration. We found that hydrophobic compounds have 10–20% higher reactivity to both trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation, compared to hydrophilic compounds in waters with high SUVA254 above 2 L/(mg∙m), while hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds have equal reactivity in waters with low SUVA254. On the other hand, hydrophilic compounds are 20–80% more reactive towards emerging disinfection by-products, regardless of SUVA254. Chlorination time and dose does not influence the reactivity ratio between the different fractions. An increase in column capacity factor can shift the reactivity ratio from hydrophobic to hydrophilic fractions. Dead-end, stirred cell ultrafiltration membrane fractionation might not always produce sharply separated fractions, which is mainly due to fouling. Therefore, no clear correlation could be found between membrane fractions and all investigated disinfection by-product groups.
Altered muscle recruitment patterns during isometric shoulder abduction in individuals with chronic upper trapezius pain : a cross sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyun-a , Kwon Oh-yun , Yi Chung-hwi , Jeon Hye-seon , Choi Woochol Joseph , Weon Jong-hyuck 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Upper trapezius (UT) pain with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can affect movement at the glenohumeral joint as well as at the scapulothoracic joint. The investigation of muscle recruitment patterns can discern motor control strategies. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and muscle activity according to various loads between individuals with and without chronic UT pain.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, twenty-four subjects that had UT pain with MTrPs and sex, age, body weight matched 24 controls with no UT pain were recruited. Surface EMG electrodes were attached to the UT, the serratus anterior (SA), the lower trapezius (LT) and the middle deltoid (MD). All subjects performed isometric shoulder abduction with a load of 25%, 50%, or 75% of the maximum strength at 60° of shoulder abduction. The EMG activity, the activity ratio (SA/UT, LT/UT, MD/UT), and the relative contribution of each muscle activity were calculated.
Results
MD activity was significantly decreased in the UT pain group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). The EMG activity ratio of SA/UT (p < 0.025) and the relative contribution of SA activity to shoulder abduction (p < 0.05) were significantly greater in the UT pain group than in the control group in the 25% loading condition .
Conclusion
It was investigated that the UT pain group had altered recruitment patterns and decreased MD activity at low loads. The results of present study suggest that UT pain with MTrPs may increase the relative contribution of SA activity. Altered SA/UT recruitment patterns can decrease the MD activity during shoulder abduction in the 25% loading condition. Clinicians should consider altered recruitment patterns when managing UT pain.
Trial registration:
Clinical Research information Service: CRIS (KCT0007370; 08/06/2022).
Controlling Diastereodivergent Light-Driven Processes: The Impact of the Light Source and Steric Factors on the Paternò-Büchi Reaction
Authors: Mateos Javier , Rigodanza Francesco , Costa Paolo , Natali Mirco , Vega-Peñaloza Alberto , Fresch Elisa , Collini Elisabetta , Bonchio Marcella , Sartorel Andrea , Dell'Amico Luca 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
By conducting in-depth mechanistic investigations to rationalize reaction manifolds, chemists can expand the generality of synthetic processes and discover novel reactivities. The challenge is to use the resulting information to control the selectivity of a given synthetic process. A particular challenge for organic chemists is to use an external stimulus to switch a reactivity on or off. Here, we mechanistically investigated light-driven [2+2] heterocycloadditions (Paternò-Büchi reactions) between indoles and ketones. We used ground-state UV-Vis absorption and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) at ns and fs timescale, together with DFT and TD-DFT calculations. We found that the reaction can proceed via an exciplex or electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex manifold, which are key intermediates in determining the reaction’s stereoselectivity. We used this discovery to control the reaction’s diastereoselectivity, gaining access to previously inaccessible diastereoisomeric variants. When moving from 370 to 456 nm irradiation, the EDA complex is increasingly favored, and the diastereomeric ratio dr (en-do:exo) moves from >99:<1 up to 47:53. In contrast, a simple Methyl-to-iPropyl favors the exciplex, reversing the dr from 89:11 to 16:84. Our study shows how light and steric parameters can be rationally used to control the diastereoselectivity of syn-thetically relevant photoreactions, creating new mechanistic pathways to previously inaccessible stereochemical variants.
On-chip spin-photon entanglement based on single-photon scattering
Authors: Chan Ming Lai , Tiranov Alexey , Appel Martin , Wang Ying , Midolo Leonardo , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas , Ludwig Arne , Sørensen Anders , Lodahl Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The realization of on-chip quantum gates between photons and solid-state spins is a key building block for quantum-information processors, enabling, e.g., distributed quantum computing, where remote quantum registers are interconnected by flying photons. Self-assembled quantum dots integrated in nanostructures are one of the most promising systems for such an endeavor thanks to their near-unity photon-emitter coupling and fast spontaneous emission rate. Here we demonstrate an on-chip entangling gate between an incoming photon and a stationary quantum-dot spin qubit. The gate is based on sequential scattering of a time-bin encoded photon with a waveguide-embedded quantum dot and operates on sub-microsecond timescale; two orders of magnitude faster than other platforms. Heralding on detection of a reflected photon renders the gate fidelity fully immune to spectral wandering of the emitter. These results represent a major step in realizing a quantum node capable of both photonic entanglement generation and on-chip quantum logic, as demanded in quantum networks and quantum repeaters.
A retrospective evaluation of short-term results from colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant intestinal obstruction
Authors: Chongjing Mu , Lei Chen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The efficacy and safety of self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) placement as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgercy to treat malignant intestinal obstruction is debated. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with malignant intestinal obstruction treated using different procedure.
Methods
Subjects admitted to the authors’ department with colonic obstruction (n = 87) were studied. They underwent colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery (SEMS group: n = 14) or emergency surgery (ES group:n = 22).Their demographic characteristics, stoma rate, laparoscopy rate and postoperative complications were analyzed, and the potential risk factors of postoperative complications and the optimal time interval from SEMS implantation to elective surgery were explored.
Results
The stoma rate was 15.4% in the SEMS group versus 60.0% in the ES group (P = 0.015), and the postoperative co mplication rate was 7.7% in the SEMS group versus 40.0% in the ES group (P = 0.042). The proportion of patients undergoing laparoscopy in SEMS group was significantly higher than that in ES group (69.2% vs. 15.0%; P = 0.003).The effect of ASA gradeification on postoperative complications was statistically significant (OR = 24.565; P = 0.008). The Receiving operating characteristic(ROC) curve could not determine the optimal time interval between SEMS implantation and elective surgery (AUC = 0.466).
Conclusions
SEMS implantation has the advantages of lower temporary stoma rate, less postoperative complications and higher laparoscopy rate compared with ES in the treatment of left malignant intestinal obstruction. ASA grade is a risk factor for postoperative complications. However, larger sample size prospective randomized controlled trials(RCT) are still needed to confirm long-term oncological outcomes.
Characterization of EGFR-reprogrammable temozolomide-resistant cells in a model of glioblastoma
Authors: Gong Lingli , Yin Ying , Chen Cheng , Wan Quan , Xia Die , Wang Mei , Pu Zhening , Zhang Bo , Zou Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma (GBM). O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mediated DNA damage repair is a key mechanism for TMZ resistance. However, MGMT-null GBM patients remain resistant to TMZ, and the process for resistance evolution is largely unknown. Here, we developed an acquired TMZ resistant xenograft model using serial implantation of MGMT-null U87 cells, allowing the extraction of stable, TMZ resistant (TMZ-R) tumors and primary cells. The derived tumors and cells exhibited stable multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Functional experiments, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), indicated that TMZ treatment induced cellular heterogeneity including quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TMZ-R tumors. A subset of these were labeled by NES+/SOX2+/CADM1+ and demonstrated significant advantages for drug resistance. Further study revealed that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) deficiency and diminished downstream signaling may confer this triple positive CSCs subgroup’s quiescent phenotypes and chemoresistance. Continuous EGF treatment improved the chemosensitivity of TMZ-R cells both in vitro and in vivo, mechanically reversing cell cycle arrest and reduced drug uptake. Further, EGF treatment of TMZ-R tumors favorably normalized the response to TMZ in combination therapy. Here, we characterize a unique subgroup of CSCs in MGMT-null experimental glioblastoma, identifying EGF + TMZ therapy as a potential strategy to overcome cellular quiescence and TMZ resistance, likely endowed by deficient EGFR signaling.
Can educational video resources improve learning when used to augment traditional teaching of clinical examination? A randomized control trial of novice medical students.
Authors: Flatt Ellie , Brewer Paul , Racy Malek , Mushtaq Faisal , Ashworth Rachael , Ali Fazal , Tomlinson James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Good clinical examination skills can both increase the quality of patient care and reduce its cost. A previous study by our group demonstrated that face-to-face training is the gold standard for teaching these skills. It is unclear if high quality educational videos can augment this teaching.
Methods
42 Medical Students naïve to large joint examination were recruited and block randomised to two groups. The control group had face-to-face teaching alone. The intervention group had their teaching augmented with a custom educational video accessed via a web portal. Participants were assessed on their examination of a large joint using a previously standardised assessment tool at baseline and seven days post intervention. Assessors were blinded to intervention type.
Results
There was no significant difference in the mean baseline scores. Mean baseline scores were 3.35 (11.2%, SD = 2.2, SE = 0.49) for the face-to-face only group and 2.65 (8.8%, SD = 1.39, SE = 0.31) for the video adjunct group [p = 0.137]. There was a significant difference in the improvement in score after intervention between each group. The mean improvement in score was 15.42 (SD = 5.64, SE = 1.29) for the face-to-face only group and 20.68 (SD = 4.33,SE = 0.99) for the video adjunct group [p = 0.005].
Conclusion
A custom-made educational video significantly improves the teaching of clinical examination skills and there is a role for these resources in augmenting traditional teaching methods.
Dust cloud convections in inhomogeneously heated plasmas in microgravity
Authors: Schmitz Andreas S. , Schulz Ivo , Kretschmer Michael , Thoma Markus H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Convection is a phenomenon that often occurs in the presence of temperature gradients. In micro-gravity, free convection can not occur due to the lack of buoyancy. However, during parabolic flights we observed convections of microparticles in a gas discharge within the cylindrical plasma chamber of the setup PK-4. The microparticles and the plasma were exposed to a thermal gradient caused by a heating ring attached to the outer wall of the plasma chamber, which is made of glass. Because of the thermophoretic force caused by the thermal gradient the microparticles were stopped in front of the heater. There, the cloud convections and dust waves were observed. Analysis by tracking the microparticles’ trajectories showed that the vortices were induced by thermal creep, a gas flow that commonly occurs in gases with low pressures at inhomogeneously heated solid interfaces. This effect has driven a gas convection which in turn caused the convection of the microparticle cloud.
Photocatalyst-free, single nickel catalysis: a general method to access diverse carbon-heteroatom bonds
Authors: Luo Hang , Wang Guohua , Feng Yunhui , Zheng Wanyao , Kong Lingya , Ma Yunpeng , Matsunaga Shigeki , Lin Luqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
State-of-the-art photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is a powerful strategy for the rapid assembly of complex scaffolds but requires expensive and highly reactive photosensitizers to shuttle energy or electrons. Single nickel catalysis, which performs dual roles of light-harvesting and organometallic catalysis, avoids these issues associated with photocatalysts. Herein, we report visible light-promoted single nickel catalysis for diverse carbon-heteroatom couplings under mild conditions. This mild, general, and robust method to couple diverse nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with an aryl(heteroaryl)/alkenyl iodides/bromides exhibits a wide range of functional group tolerance and is applicable to late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. Based on preliminary mechanistic studies, a NiI/NiIII cycle was proposed via the generation of active NiI complexes that appear from homolysis of NiII-I rather than NiII-aryl bond.
Co-design of an oral health intervention (HABIT) delivered by health visitors for parents of children aged 9-12 months
Authors: Owen Jenny , Gray-Burrows Kara A , Eskytė Ieva , Wray Faye , Bhatti Amrit , Zoltie Timothy , Staples Annalea , Giles Erin , Lintin Edwina , West Robert , Pavitt Sue , McEachan Rosemary RC , Marshman Zoe , Day Peter F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Dental caries (tooth decay) in children is a national public health problem with impacts on the child, their family and wider society. Toothbrushing should commence from the eruption of the first primary tooth. Health visitors are a key provider of advice for parents in infancy and are ideally placed to support families to adopt optimal oral health habits. HABIT is a co-designed complex behaviour change intervention to support health visitors’ oral health conversations with parents during the 9–12-month universal developmental home visit.
Methods
A seven stage co-design process was undertaken: (1) Preparatory meetings with healthcare professionals and collation of examples of good practice, (2) Co-design workshops with parents and health visitors, (3) Resource development and expert/peer review, (4) Development of an intervention protocol for health visitors, (5) Early-phase testing of the resources to explore acceptability, feasibility, impact and mechanism of action, (6) Engagement with wider stakeholders and refinement of the HABIT intervention for wider use, (7) Verification, Review and Reflection of Resources.
Results
Following preparatory meetings with stakeholders, interviews and co-design workshops with parents and health visitors, topic areas and messages were developed covering six key themes. The topic areas provided a structure for the oral health conversation and supportive resources in paper-based and digital formats. A five-step protocol was developed with health visitors to guide the oral health conversation during the 9–12 month visit. Following training of health visitors, an early-phase feasibility study was undertaken with preliminary results presented at a dissemination event where feedback for further refinement of the resources and training was gathered. The findings, feedback and verification have led to further refinements to optimise quality, accessibility, fidelity and behaviour change theory.
Conclusion
The co-design methods ensured the oral health conversation and supporting resources used during the 9–12 month visit incorporated the opinions of families and Health Visitors as well as other key stakeholders throughout the development process. This paper provides key learning and a framework that can be applied to other healthcare settings. The structured pragmatic approach ensured that the intervention was evidence-based, acceptable and feasible for the required context.
Trial Registration:
ISRCTN55332414, Registration Date 11/11/2021
Using Team-Based Learning to optimize undergraduate Family Medicine clerkship training - mixed methods study
Authors: Jackson Lisa , Otaki Farah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTeam-Based Learning (TBL) is an established educational strategy which has become increasingly popular for use in preparation for careers in healthcare. Plenty of efforts have been directed to find incentives for new medical graduates to choose Family Medicine (FM) training. There is a shortage of studies looking at TBL as a strategy for improving students’ impression of the FM discipline.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the perception of students regarding a TBL intervention, that was designed and implemented in alignment with a constructivist learning theory (Situated Learning Theory), and their impressions regarding the FM discipline.MethodsA convergent mixed methods study design was utilized to develop a thorough understanding of the students’ perceptions. qualitative and quantitative data were concurrently collected and independently analyzed. The output of thematic analysis was merged with the quantitative descriptive and inferential analyses using the iterative joint display analysis process.ResultsThe qualitative findings shed light on the perceived efficacy of the TBL in FM, and the interplay between team cohesion and the engagement with the course. The percentage of the total average of the TBL in FM perceived efficacy score was 88.80%. As for changes in impressions of FM discipline, the percentage of the total average was 83.10%. The perception of team cohesion, with a mean of agreement of 8.62(1.34), seemed to be significantly associated with the perception of the team test phase component, only (P<0.05). As for the perception of level of engagement with the course, with a mean of agreement of 9.29(0.84), it turned out to be significantly associated with the changes in impressions of FM disciplines (P<0.05). Lastly, the joint display analysis showed how the quantitative and qualitative data built upon each other.ConclusionThe current study has shown that TBL embedded in a Family Medicine clinical clerkship rotation is efficacious, tends to be well received by students, and holds the potential to contribute to improving the image of Family Medicine among medical students.