bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omadacycline and Clostridioides difficile: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Garey Kevin W. , Rose Warren , Gunter Kyle , Serio Alisa W. , Wilcox Mark H. 
Published: June 2022

Objective The objective of this systematic review is to summarize in vitro, preclinical, and human data related to omadacycline and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Data Sources PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for “omadacycline” AND (“ Clostridium difficile” OR “ C difficile” OR “ Clostridioides difficile”) for any studies published before February 15, 2022. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (AERS) was searched for omadacycline (for reports including “ C. difficile” or “CDI” or “gastrointestinal infection”). The publications list publicly available at Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Web site was reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction Publications presenting primary data on omadacycline and C. difficile published in English were included. Data Synthesis Preclinical and clinical evidence was extracted from 14 studies. No case reports in indexed literature and no reports on FDA AERS were found. Omadacycline has potent in vitro activity against many C. difficile clinical strains and diverse ribotypes. In phase 3 studies, there were no reports of CDI in patients who received omadacycline for either community-acquired bacterial pneumonia or acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice Omadacycline should be considered a low-risk antibiotic regarding its propensity to cause CDI. Conclusions Reducing the burden of CDI on patients and the health care system should be a priority. Patients with appropriate indications who are at heightened risk of CDI may be suitable candidates for omadacycline therapy. In these patients, omadacycline may be preferable to antibiotics with a high CDI risk.
Evaluation of Opportunities for Oral Antibiotic Therapy in Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: Bhagat Hita , Sikka Monica K. , Sukerman Ellie S. , Makadia Jina , Lewis James S. , Streifel Amber C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: The OVIVA trial suggests oral antibiotics are an alternative to intravenous antibiotics to treat bone and joint infections (BJI). A shift in practice to treatment with oral antibiotics would eliminate the need for central vascular access, improve patient satisfaction, and reduce overall healthcare costs. Objective: The primary objective was to identify the proportion of patients treated for BJIs with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) who would have qualified for oral antibiotics based on microbiological data. The secondary objective was to conduct a cost-analysis to estimate potential cost-savings had eligible patients been treated with oral antibiotics. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of adult patients in the United States treated with intravenous antibiotics for BJIs from January 2018 to April 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria matched the OVIVA trial. Patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, endocarditis, or other high-risk features were excluded. Results: 281 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most had prosthetic joint infections (56%). Infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (25%) were most common, followed by S. aureus (23%) and polymicrobial infections (22%). 69 (25%) patients required a switch during their OPAT course to an alternate antibiotic agent. Thirteen patients (5%) experienced vascular access complications, and 6 patients (2%) developed Clostridiodes difficile infections. Oral therapy could have resulted in an estimated average savings per patient of $3,270.69 USD. Conclusion and Relevance: Most patients treated with OPAT for BJIs were candidates for oral antibiotics. A change in practice would result in cost-savings to the U.S. healthcare system.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia in a patient with long-term carbamazepine exposure: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that develops in a patient who has been using carbamazepine for a long time
Authors: Sayin Serhat , Bagci Metin 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder. Hematological effects that may develop with this anticonvulsant; agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, eosinophilia, or pancytopenia. Case report In this article, we wanted to present a case diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after long-term use of carbamazepine because of epilepsy. Management and outcome Bone marrow smear was evaluated and blastic cell infiltration was observed. The carbamazepine treatment was discontinued and standard chemotherapy was started for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CALGB protocol). Levetiracetam was started for epilepsy. Discussion Carbamazepine is an iminostilbene derivative. Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug that exhibits a number of side effects such as headache, abdominal pain, high blood pressure, as well as hematological disorders. In addition to causing thrombocytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, leukopenia, and neutropenia, it can have serious effects such as agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, leukemia, or DRESS syndrome. The incidence of serious side effects from carbamazepine pharmacotherapy is low, and their exact mechanism of action is still unknown.
Promotion of Smoking Cessation Using the Transtheoretical Model: Short-Term and Long-Term Effectiveness for Workers in Coastal Central Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Ming-Feng , Huang Chia-Chen , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw , Tsay Ming-Daw , Chang Yu-Kang , Juan Chun-Lin , Hsu Fang-Chi , Wong Ruey-Hong 
Published: June 2022

Background Smoking cessation reduces the risk of severe illnesses in the long run and contributes to improving health. This study evaluated the short-term and long-term effectiveness of workplace smoking cessation intervention implemented using the transtheoretical model. Methods Participants were assessed at baseline before the intervention and after 6 months and 4 years of follow-ups. Data on changes in participants’ perception of smoking prohibition in the workplace, knowledge of the hazards of smoking, attitude towards quitting smoking, and behavior related to tobacco harm prevention were collected. Results Results showed the prevalence of smoking cessation was 31.5% (95% CI: 25.4-38.1%) after 6 months and 10.7% (95% CI: 6.9-15.6%) after 4 years. At the abovementioned time points, the prevalence of second-hand smoke exposure, and the proportion of people who demonstrated correct knowledge of smoke hazards initially decreased and then increased. The proportion of participants who had seen or received information about tobacco harm prevention provided in the workplace increased from 75.6% at baseline to 95.6% (increased by 20.0%) after 6 months and finally to 97.2% (increased by 21.6%) after 4 years ( P < .001). However, the percentage of participants who hoped their workplace continued to provide smoking cessation services rose from 80.0% at baseline to 93.6% (increased by 13.6%) after 6 months and then fell to 78.0% (decreased by 2.0%) after 4 years ( P < .001). Conclusion The short-term effectiveness of the transtheoretical model in promoting workplace smoking cessation is substantial, but in the long-term, effectiveness weakens.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sweden and Italy: The role of trust in authorities
Authors: Raffetti Elena , Mondino Elena , Di Baldassarre Giuliano 
Published: June 2022

Background: The success of vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 infection is vital for moving from a COVID-19 pandemic to an endemic scenario. We aimed to unravel the influence of the risk perception of epidemics along with individual and contextual factors on adherence to COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in Italy and Sweden. Methods: We compared the results of two nationwide surveys carried out in August 2021 across four domains of epidemic risk perception: perceived likelihood, perceived impact on the individual and perceived individual and authority knowledge. The roles of individual and contextual determinants were also explored. Results: The survey included 2144 participants in Sweden (52.3% women) and 2010 in Italy (52.6% women). In both countries, we found that trust in authorities was one of the main drivers of this process, with two-fold increased odds of being vaccinated. Being highly educated and having a higher relative income were associated with a higher adherence to the vaccination campaign (for relative income OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.23–1.67 in Sweden and OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34 in Italy; for education OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.77 in Sweden and OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.09–1.97 in Italy), whereas a right and centre-right compared with a left and centre-left political orientation was negatively related to vaccination adherence (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.67 in Sweden and OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.68 in Italy). Conclusions: Increasing trust in authorities, along with an equal global distribution of vaccine doses, can contribute to accelerating vaccination campaigns around the world and, in turn, to move towards an endemic scenario.
Lifestyle Medicine in Diabetes Care: The Lifedoc Health Model
Authors: Nieto-Martinez Ramfis , Neira Claudia , de Oliveira Diana , Velasquez-Rodriguez Andrés , Neira Andres , Velasquez-Rodriguez Pedro , Garcia Gabriela , González-Rivas Juan P. , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Velasquez-Mieyer Pedro 
Published: June 2022

Introduction The relevance of lifestyle medicine in diabetes treatment is now incorporated in clinical practice guidelines but finding an exemplar for the creation of a Lifestyle Medicine Program (LMP) is a difficult task. Aim To use Lifedoc Health (LDH) as a LMP exemplar by describing their multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to diabetes care along with tactics to address sustainability challenges. Results The LDH model facilitates early activation of patients with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors, MDT approaches, and protocols/policies that are able to overcome barriers to equitable healthcare in the community. Specific programmatic targets are clinical outcomes, effective dissemination, economic viability, and sustainability. Infrastructure centers on patient-driven problem-based visits, shared medical appointments, telemedicine, and patient tracking. Further discussions on program conceptualization and operationalization are provided. Conclusion Even though strategic plans for LMPs that specialize in diabetes care are well represented in the literature, implementation protocols, and performance metrics are lacking. The LDH experience provides a starting point for those healthcare professionals interested in translating ideas into action.
Using the technology acceptance model to examine acceptance of telemedicine by cancer patients in an ambulatory care setting
Authors: Chan Zhi Yao , Lim Chen Fang , Leow Jo Lene , Chium Feng Yong , Lim Su Wen , Tong Charlotte Hui Min , Zhou Jessie Jie Xi , Tsi Moses Min Yuan , Tan Ryan Ying Cong , Chew Lita Sui Tjien 
Published: June 2022

Background: Telemedicine has demonstrated benefits for cancer patients including the potential to improve care coordination and patient outcomes. Since June 2020, teleconsultations have been implemented in the National Cancer Centre Singapore. Objectives: This study aims to assess cancer patients acceptance of telemedicine as a complement to traditional in-person care and identify factors affecting their acceptance. Methods: An online self-administered questionnaire was designed using a modified technology acceptance model (TAM) previously validated to predict acceptance of telemedicine by patients and factors affecting acceptance. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data on demographic factors and TAM construct scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine how demographics factors and TAM constructs influenced acceptance. Results: Respondents ( n = 278; mean age 59 years) were mostly female (67.6%), Chinese (86.3%) and received parenteral chemotherapy (72.6%). Technology access and confidence were generally moderate to high, while past telemedicine use was low (18%). Overall, more than half (59.7%) expressed acceptance. The odds of acceptance were significantly higher if respondents agreed that their healthcare access would improve by using telemedicine (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.71–10.16) or they would have the necessary resources for using telemedicine (OR 4.54, 95% CI 2.30–8.97). Conclusion: Acceptance of telemedicine was high amongst respondents. Facilitating conditions such as having necessary resources and perceived improved access were identified as main predictors of high acceptance. Telemedicine services should work to improve these aspects, leverage on advantages and address disadvantages brought up by patients.
Celiac Disease and Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Literature
Authors: Richard Logan , Mocanu Valentin , Verhoeff Kevin , Cheung Ka Man , Kung Janice Y. , Birch Daniel W. , Switzer Noah J. , Karmali Shahzeer 
Published: June 2022

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a clinical entity increasingly recognized in the severe obese population and its impact on outcomes following bariatric surgery is not currently understood. We aimed to systematically review the nutritional and clinical outcomes for patients with obesity and CD following bariatric surgery. Methods: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in September 2021. Study followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating adult patients with CD undergoing bariatric surgery were included. Outcomes were descriptive due to limited studies. Results: Our literature review produced 9 studies with 152 patients. The weighted mean age of included patients was 44.2 years (±9.55 years) and 98% (n = 149) were female. Patients diagnosed with CD post-operatively appear to experience substantial perioperative and nutritional complications following bariatric surgery. However, pre-operative diagnosis may allow patient optimization and current studies suggest similar bariatric surgery outcomes can be achieved in these patients when the diagnosis is known. However, this study also highlights a scarcity of evidence evaluating the rate of CD and outcomes for these patients after bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Current literature lacks quality, comparative studies investigating the short- and long-term surgical complications and nutritional outcomes of bariatric surgery within patients who have co-diagnoses of obesity and CD. Despite these limitations, our group recommends pre-operative CD screening in patients experiencing either classical GI symptoms of CD including diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating, or undifferentiated abdominal pain.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant isolates from vaccinated individuals
Authors: Brinkac Lauren , Diepold Sheila , Mitchell Shane , Sarnese Stephanie , Kolakowski Lee F. , Nelson William M. , Jennings Katharine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was first identified in the U.S. in March 2021 and has rapidly become the predominant lineage across the U.S. due to increased transmissibility, immune evasion and vaccine breakthrough. The aim of this study was to better understand the genetic diversity and the potential impact of mutations observed in SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the U.S. in vaccinated individuals.

Results
Whole genome sequencing was performed on thirty-four SARS-CoV-2 positive samples using the Oxford Nanopore MinION. Evolutionary genomic analysis revealed two novel mutations, ORF1b:V2354F and a premature stop codon, ORF7a:Q94*, identified in a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 Delta isolates collected from vaccinated individuals in Colorado. The ORF1b:V2354F mutation, corresponding to NSP15:V303F, may induce a conformational change and result in a disruption to a flanking beta-sheet structure. The premature stop codon, ORF7a:Q94*, truncates the transmembrane protein and cytosolic tail used to mediate protein transport. This may affect protein localization to the ER-Golgi. In addition to these novel mutations, the cluster of vaccinated isolates contain an additional mutation in the spike protein, at position 112, compared to the Delta variant defining mutations. This mutation, S112L, exists in isolates previously obtained in the U.S. The S112L mutation substitutes a bulky hydrophobic side chain for a polar side chain, which results in a non-conservative substitution within the protein that may affect antibody-binding affinity. Additionally, the vaccinated cluster of isolates contains non-synonymous mutations within ORF8 and NSPs which further distinguish this cluster from the respective ancestral Delta variant.

Conclusions
These results show there is an emerging sub-lineage of the ancestral Delta variant circulating in the U.S. As mutations emerge in constellations, those with a potentially beneficial advantage to the virus may continue to circulate while others will cease.
Immunological characteristics of MAV/06 strain of varicella-zoster virus vaccine in an animal model
Authors: Shin Duckhyang , Shin Younchul , Kim Eunmi , Nam Hyojung , Nan Haiyan , Lee Jaewoo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogen that causes chickenpox and shingles in humans. Different types of the varicella vaccines derived from the Oka and MAV/06 strains are commercially available worldwide. Although the MAV/06 vaccine was introduced in 1990s, little was known about immunological characteristics.

Results
Here, we evaluated B and T cell immune response in animals inoculated with the Oka and MAV/06 vaccines as well as a new formulation of the MAV/06 vaccine. A variety of test methods were applied to evaluate T and B cell immune response. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay were conducted to measure the MAV/06 vaccine-induced antibody activity against various VZVs. Glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) was used to compare the degree of the antibody responses induced by the two available commercial VZV vaccines and the MAV/06 vaccine. Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (IFN-γ ELISpot) assays and cytokine bead array (CBA) assays were conducted to investigate T cell immune responses. Antibodies induced by MAV/06 vaccination showed immunogenicity against a variety of varicella-zoster virus and cross-reactivity among the virus clades.

Conclusions
It is indicating the similarity of the antibody responses induced by commercial varicella vaccines and the MAV/06 vaccine. Moreover, VZV-specific T cell immune response from MAV/06 vaccination was increased via Th1 cell response. MAV/06 varicella vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune response via Th1 cell mediated response.
Applicability and effectiveness of ultrasound combined with nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block in the supine versus lateral position during surgeries for lower limb fracture-a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Yuting , Song Jie , Xia Xiaoqiong , Hu Xianwen , Li Yawen , Yu Yongbo , Wang Liang , Tao Zhiguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with lower limb fracture often have acute pain and discomfort from changes in position, and such pain affects early postoperative recovery. This study aimed to compare the applicability and effectiveness of ultrasound combined with nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block (LSPB) in the supine versus lateral position during lower limb fracture surgery.

Methods
We included 126 patients who underwent elective internal fixation for lower limb fracture who were divided into the S group and the L group by the random number table method and underwent LSPB guided by ultrasound combined with a nerve stimulator in the supine and lateral positions, respectively. The primary outcome was the dose of sufentanil used in surgery. The secondary outcomes were the maximum VAS (visual analogue scale) pain score at position placing for LSPB, the time of position placing, the time for nerve block,the number of puncture attempts,the haemodynamic indicators, the VAS score at 1, 12, and 24 h following surgery, postoperative satisfactory degree to analgesia and adverse events related to nerve block.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in dose of sufentanil used between the two groups(P = 0.142). The maximum VAS pain score at position placing(P < 0.01), the time of position placement(P < 0.01), the time for lumbar plexus block and the time of puncture attempts were significantly lower in the S group than in the L group (P < 0.01). However, the time for sacral plexus block was higher in the S group than in the L group (P = 0.029). There was no significant difference in haemodynamic indicators,number of puncture attempts for the sacral plexus, postoperative VAS scores, postoperative satisfactory degree to analgesia or adverse events related to nerve block between the two groups (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study provides a more comfortable and better accepted anaesthetic regimen for patients undergoing lower limb fracture surgery. LSPB in the supine position is simple to apply and has definite anaesthetic effects. Additionally, it has a high level of postoperative analgesia and therefore should be widely applied.

Trial registration
The trial was registered prior to patient enrolment at the Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (Date:11/03/2021 Number: ChiCTR2100044117).
Decreased flow-mediated dilation in healthy Chinese adolescent with a family history of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yingwei , Li Guangxia , Qi Jing , Gong Ting , Li Xiudong , Liu Fanghe , Bi Xuejing , Zhao Yang , Liang Meihua , Zheng Xiaodong , Qiao Yuandong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Endothelial dysfunction appears early in the development of cardiovascular disease and is associated with type 2 diabetes. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is already present in healthy Chinese adolescent participants at risk of type 2 diabetes and associates with physical activity.

Methods
We investigated the flow-mediated dilation in 65 first-degree relatives (normal tension, normal glucose tolerance) and 62 age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls without a family history of type 2 diabetes by ultrasound. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionaire and type 2 diabetes family history through self-reporting. The association between physical activity and flow-mediated dilation was evaluated by Pearson correlations and multiple regressions in adolescents with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Results
Female adolescents display better flow-mediated dilation than males. Adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes had significantly impaired flow-mediated dilation than healthy controls. Among the parameter detection in the blood, the flow-mediated dilation is only positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, but not others. Interestingly, flow-mediated dilation is positively corrected with physical activity scores in both the male and female adolescents, while slightly impaired but not significant in adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion
Studies in adolescents are important to understand the early pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Findings of this investigation suggest that family history of type 2 diabetes may play a role in regulating the vascular function in Chinese adolescents. Given the impaired flow-mediated dilation in individuals with family history and the effects of physical activity in improved flow-mediated dilation, people with a family history of type 2 diabetes may need higher physical activity levels to attenuate their susceptibility to impaired flow-mediated dilation.