bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving student achievement through professional cultures of teaching in Flanders
Authors: Placklé Inge , Könings Karen D. , Jacquet Wolfgang , Libotton Arno , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Engels Nadine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudent performance in general subjects such as language and mathematical skills is poor in secondary vocational education. A professional culture of teaching—including recruitment of well qualified teachers, effective teacher collaboration and effective teaching practice—could be the key to success. To what extent is there a professional culture of teaching in vocational education? Do differences in the professional culture of teaching affect student achievement? National achievement tests on functional language skills, mathematical skills and information processing were administered to third grade students (N = 3,381) in 116 secondary schools offering vocational education across Flanders. Their teachers (N = 184) completed an online questionnaire about their collaboration and teaching practice. We found evidence that teacher collaboration and effective teaching practices are strongly correlated. Positive correlations were found between combinations of characteristics of a professional culture of teaching and student achievement. However, in many schools a professional culture of teaching is not yet a reality. Our findings demonstrate a need for continually providing support within a professional culture of teaching to prevent teachers from leaving. Improving professional growth for teachers and their teaching teams is also needed, as well as a shift in education policies to support these needs.
Leaf trait network architecture shifts with species‐richness and climate across forests at continental scale
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Congcong , Sack Lawren , Xu Li , Li Mingxu , Zhang Jiahui , He Nianpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariation in the architecture of trait networks among ecosystems has been rarely quantified, but can provide high resolution of the contrasting adaptation of the whole phenotype. We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) from 35 structural, anatomical and compositional leaf traits for 394 tree species in nine forests from tropical to cold‐temperate zones in China. Our analyses supported the hypothesis that LTNs would increase in modular complexity across forests in parallel with species‐richness and climatic warmth and moisture, due to reduced phenotypic constraints and greater opportunities for niche differentiation. Additionally, we found that within LTNs, leaf economics traits including leaf thickness would have central importance, acting as hub traits with high connectivity due to their contributions to multiple functions. Across the continent, the greater species richness and trait diversity observed in forests under resource‐rich climates enable greater complexity in whole phenotype structure and function as indicated by the trait network architecture.
Physicians' decision‐making when managing pediatric patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: A qualitative study
Authors: Merlo Federica , Malacrida Roberto , Hurst Samia , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Albanese Emiliano , Fadda Marta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAdvances in medicine have resulted in treatments that can extend the survival of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) for several years. However, several diagnostic and prognostic uncertainties remain, particularly in the care of pediatric patients. In the absence of international guidelines, we aimed to explore physicians' decision‐making when managing pediatric patients with PDOC.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semistructured, individual interviews and employed an inductive thematic analytical approach to explore physicians' subjective experiences and decision‐making when managing pediatric patients with PDOC. We recruited a purposive sample of 19 Italian‐speaking physicians currently or previously employed in intensive care units or pediatric, internal medicine, or neurology departments in Switzerland.ResultsParticipants stated that making clinical decisions involving pediatric patients with PDOC is extremely challenging, because the decisional process requires finding a balance between several contending factors. We found that physicians experienced ambivalence in three domains of care (time, goals of care, and target of care), and that they were aware of the risk of self‐fulfilling prophecies for both prognosis and main clinical outcomes.ConclusionsOur study confirmed that experienced clinicians acknowledge the complex nature and challenge of clinical decision‐making in the care of pediatric patients with PDOC. More research is warranted to improve and expand existing guidelines aimed at assisting and facilitating clinical and ethical decision‐making, and improving physicians' awareness of the factors affecting their decisions when dealing with patients with PDOC.
Bangladeshi women migrants amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic: Revisiting globalization, dependency and gendered precarity in South–South labour migration
Authors: Ansar Anas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented societal disruption and disproportionately affected global mobility dynamics. Within such a troubled and intensifying crisis, the intersection of migration and gender is even more unsettling. Since the pandemic outbreak, Bangladesh witnessed a colossal crisis among millions of Bangladeshi migrants working overseas—a considerable section of them are women. By highlighting the plight of the Bangladeshi women migrants in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, this study expands the emerging literature that addresses the nexus among migration, pandemic fallout and gendered labour. Redrawing our understanding of globalization from below, the study attempts to further advance the theoretical perspectives on the predicaments of globalization and gendered precarity in contract labour migration. The study argues that the focus on the power asymmetry between the host and sending countries remains too limited to provide a comprehensive understanding of how inequalities are reproduced and transformed. Instead, it suggests that the challenges and disadvantages women migrants endure are embedded in the asymmetries of deep‐rooted economic and social structures in tandem with the systemic practice of otherness and exclusion.
Race, gender and slavery in early Islamicate history
Authors: Urban Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSlavery was practiced in parts of the Islamicate world from the 7th through 21st centuries. Until the late 20th century, many authors claimed that Islamicate slavery was relatively benign and free from racism. However, recent scholarship has found evidence of race‐thinking in Islamicate history—particularly anti‐Black racism and an association between Blackness and enslavement—tracing back at least to the ninth‐century CE. Scholars still contest what racial categories or forms of race‐thinking existed in the first centuries of Islamicate history. The Quran is free from overt race‐thinking, but the Islamic conquests of the seventh and eighth centuries seem to have precipitated the articulation of new racialized categories and the application of old ones from the Biblical and Greek traditions. Considerations of gender further complicate the picture, as most of those enslaved in early Islamicate history were women, and many enslaved concubines bore children for their enslavers. The identity of these children was contested in the seventh century, but they seem to have defined themselves as full Arabs by the mid‐eighth century. Ultimately, the intersection of race, gender, and slavery in early Islamicate history is not a linear narrative, but a complex story of negotiation and contestation.
Information retrieval at the point of care of community family physicians in Arab countries
Authors: Antoun Jumana , Lapin Jennifer , Beck Dennis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study is based on Jumana Antoun's PhD thesis at Walden University, USA examining the information retrieval behaviour of 72 community family physicians' at the point of care in eight Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. The key findings were that participants looked for digital clinical information at the point of care on average 14.0 times per week with the majority (80.3%) using a mobile phone. Clinical information about medication dosage and side effects was the most sought clinical question, and patient education was the least. Almost half of the participants considered that they often found relevant (55.6%), useful (56.9%) and unbiased (58.3%) information. Whilst none of the factors examined predicted the physicians' self‐reported effectiveness and efficiency at information retrieval, the implication for practice points clearly to the barriers and the need for curricula to focus on search strategies using free resources at the point of care.
Anaesthetic efficacy of incorporating different additives into lidocaine for the inferior alveolar nerve block: A systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Iranmanesh Pedram , Khazaei Saber , Nili Mahsa , Saatchi Masoud , Aggarwal Vivek , Kolahi Jafar , Khademi Abbasali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncorporating an additive into lidocaine is a method to enhance the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in mandibular posterior teeth.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of incorporating additives into lidocaine in the success rate of IANB for teeth with the diagnosis of normal pulp (NP) or symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the incorporation of additives into lidocaine on the pulpal anaesthesia success rate of mandibular posterior teeth were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, EBSCO, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to 1 December 2021. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A random‐effects model was employed to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using STATA 16. The trial sequential analysis (TSA) was applied to calculate the required information size (RIS). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.ResultsOf 6966 records retrieved initially, 14 trials (8 for NP and 6 for SIP groups) were included in qualitative and quantitative syntheses. All trials were categorized as low and unclear RoB for NP and SIP groups, respectively. In the NP group, with 307 participants, no significant effect was observed for additives incorporated into lidocaine (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.53‒1.32; I2 = 98%). Subgroup analysis revealed that adding mannitol led to a higher success rate (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15–1.34; I2 = 7.16%). In the SIP group, with 434 participants, no significant effect was shown when the additives were incorporated (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 0.98–1.52; I2 = 0%). Likewise, in subgroup analysis, incorporating mannitol or sodium bicarbonate demonstrated no significant effect (RR = 1.76; 95% CI: 0.93–3.32; I2 = 18.41% and RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.65–1.72; I2 = 53.5%, respectively).DiscussionTSA revealed that the outcome was “inconclusive” for each group. The certainty of the evidence was graded as “very low” and “low” for NP and SIP groups, respectively.ConclusionsThe very low to low certainty of evidence indicated that incorporating additives into lidocaine did not increase the efficacy of IANB and supplemental injections are still necessary to help practitioners achieve painless dentistry.RegistrationPROSPERO database (CRD42020132585).
Hanford low‐activity waste glass composition‐temperature‐melt viscosity relationships
Authors: Heredia‐Langner Alejandro , Gervasio Vivianaluxa , Cooley Scott K. , Lonergan Charmayne E. , Kim Dong‐Sang , Kruger Albert A. , Vienna John D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study developed a model for predicting viscosity of alkali‐alumino‐borosilicate glass melts as functions of composition and temperature. The model is based on a total of 3935 viscosity‐temperature data from 574 glasses with viscosity values ranging from 2.53 to 7260 Poise (P) in the temperature range of 900–1260°C. Several different model forms were surveyed, including those based on Arrhenius, Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann, Avramov‐Milchev, and Mauro‐Yue‐Ellison‐Gupta‐Allen. For each of these models, combinations of the temperature‐independent parameters were fitted to composition. It was found that generally fitting more than one temperature‐independent parameter as functions of composition resulted in overfitting. The Avramov‐Milchev‐based model was found to best represent the Hanford low‐activity waste glass melt viscosity data based on model fit and validation statistics. A 21‐term partial quadratic mixture model was recommended for use. This model predicts melt viscosity with a root‐mean square error of .1736 ln(P), which is similar to the error in viscosity measurements from replicate glass analyses of .1383 ln(P). Viscosity was found to be most increased by SiO2 > Al2O3 > ZrO2 > SnO2 and most decreased by Li2O > Na2O > B2O3 > CaO > K2O > MgO, at temperatures from 900 to 1260°C.
Facial demodicosis in the immunosuppressed state: a retrospective case series from a tertiary referral center
Authors: Amitay‐Laish Iris , Solomon‐Cohen Efrat , Feuerman Hana , Didkovsky Elena , Davidovici Batya , Leshem Yael A. , Pavlovsky Lev , Reiter Ofer , Mimouni Daniel , Hodak Emmilia , Segal Rina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on Demodex in the immunosuppressed state is limited, focusing mainly on patients with human immunodeficiency virus and hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to describe the manifestations of facial demodicosis in diverse immunosuppressive states.MethodsThe medical records of all patients followed at a Demodex outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical center from January 2008 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on patients who were immunosuppressed while with demodicosis were retrieved.ResultsThe cohort included 28 patients (17 women and 11 men; median age, 58 years). Types of immunosuppression included treatments with hydroxyurea for polycythemia vera/essential thrombocytosis, mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus, and prednisone for liver and/or kidney transplantation, prednisone with cyclosporine/methotrexate/azathioprine/rituximab mainly for autoimmune diseases, mercaptopurine with/without anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) for Crohn's disease, chemotherapy for neoplasms, anti‐TNF‐α for psoriasis, and Cushing's syndrome. The clinical types of demodicosis included: papulopustular, erythematotelangiectatic and fulminant rosacea, hyperpigmented, pityriasis folliculorum, pustular folliculitis, and dermatitis. The diverse clinical presentations led to various differential diagnoses. Topical treatment with ivermectin (monotherapy/combination with other treatments) was effective.ConclusionClinicians treating immunosuppressed patients should be familiar with the different forms of demodicosis and include them in the differential diagnosis of facial eruptions.
Mechanism of interactions between egg protein–derived tri‐peptides and cellular membrane by molecular dynamic simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Ji Huizhuo , Zhao Wenzhu , Yu Zhipeng , Wu Sijia 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPoor understanding of the absorption of food‐derived angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides across the membrane limits their application in regulating and preventing hypertension. This study investigated the interaction of egg‐derived ACE inhibitory tri‐peptides ADF, FGR and MIR with the membrane using molecular dynamic simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The structural variations in peptides during absorption were analysed. The effect of peptides on the properties of membranes was also calculated during simulation. The binding mechanism between peptides and membrane was further characterised using ITC. The results showed that the structures of peptides were stable during simulation. Amino acid residues Arg, Phe and Met contributed to the absorption of peptides across the membrane. Hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions stabilised the interaction of peptides with the membrane. The absorption of peptides ADF, FGR and MIR into the membrane increased the membrane thickness of 0.78, 0.82 and 0.80 nm, respectively, and increased lipid lateral diffusion. The ITC results showed that peptides FGR and MIR binding to the membrane were spontaneous, entropy driven and hydrophobic residues Phe and Met of peptides might contribute to peptides‐membrane interactions, which was consistent with molecular dynamic simulation results.
Changes in lipid profiles and volatile compounds of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) submitted to different cooking methods
Authors: Wang Shanyu , Hu Mengyue , Zhao Ling , Liu Qi , Cao Rong 
Published: April 2022

SummaryHerein, the effect of three common cooking methods (boiling, baking and microwaving) on lipids and volatile compounds in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was assessed. The results revealed that contents of phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acids in the cooked shrimp significantly declined when compared to the raw shrimp. And these decreases occurred especially in the boiling and microwaving treatment. Among free fatty acids, the contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) also decreased greatly in the boiled and microwaved shrimp, while EPA and DHA enhanced in each cooked group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, microwaved samples exhibited higher levels of oxidation parameters, such as acid value (AV) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). For volatile compounds, a total of 31 volatile compounds were detected by GC‐IMS, and these contents increased after cooking. Aliphatic volatile compounds, including 1‐octen‐3‐one, pentane‐1‐ol, 1‐propanol, octanal, heptanal, pentanal and hexanal, were main flavour contributors in cooked shrimp, with higher contents observed in microwaved shrimp. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that linoleic acid was a substrate for 15 volatile compounds of cooked shrimp meat. These results indicate that microwave cooking exerts more influences on lipid profiles in shrimp and consequently caused more volatile compounds.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure pretreatment on flavour and physicochemical properties of freeze‐dried carambola slices
Authors: Zhang Sinan , Zhao Yadonga , Yao Xueshuang , Zheng Zhenhong , Zheng Chuyao , Jiang Zhuo 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRipe carambolas are hard to store and transport, while freeze‐dried ones are easy to store. However, its long production time leads to higher costs. This study shows that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment could shorten the freeze‐drying time of carambola slices. After HHP treatment (25–250 MPa), the drying time of the fresh sample can be shortened by 33.3–44.4% and the distribution of water and pigment in tissues is much uniform. With the increment of the pressure, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate are increased. At 250 MPa, the total phenolic content (TPC) increased from 11.34 to 13.36 mg GAE g−1, and the total flavonoid content (TFC) of the control sample was increased from 10.77 to 12.73 mg RE g−1. Compared with the untreated sample, HHP treatment can enhance the flavour and shorten the freeze‐drying time. This work guides the application of HHP technology for drying food processing.
Tolerance of juvenile Peruvian rock seabass (Paralabrax humeralisValenciennes, 1828) and Peruvian grunt (Anisotremus scapularisTschudi, 1846) to low‐oxygen conditions
Authors: Montero‐Taboada Rebeca , Sotil Giovanna , Dionicio‐Acedo Jhon , Rosado‐Salazar Maryandrea , Aguirre‐Velarde Arturo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypoxia is currently one of the greatest threats to coastal ecosystems worldwide, generating massive mortality of marine organisms, loss of benthic ecosystems and a decrease in fishery production. We evaluated and compared the tolerance to hypoxia of two species from different habitats of the Peruvian coast, the Peruvian rock seabassParalabrax humeralisand the Peruvian gruntAnisotremus scapularis. The effect of hypoxia was measured as a function of the exposure time (progressive and chronic) on the behavioural and physiological responses of the two species, as well as on the enzymatic activity associated with the oxidative stress response of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). The ventilatory frequency was measured at two different temperatures (16 and 22°C) under progressive hypoxia conditions to determine the ventilatory critical point (Vcp).A. scapularisshowed a higher Vcp thanP. humeralis, which was positively affected by temperature. The median lethal time ofA. scapulariswas 36 min at 60% of oxygen saturation, whileP. humeralisshowed no mortality after 31 days of exposure at 5% oxygen saturation. Different enzymatic activity (P < 0.05) between species under hypoxia was recorded, in SOD (gill and muscle) and AKP (blood). A general tendency, under hypoxia, to slightly increase LDH activity (except for blood inA. scapularis,P < 0.05) and SOD activity (mainly in muscle ofA. scapularis,P < 0.05), and decrease AKP activity (mainly in liver ofP. humeralis,P < 0.05) was observed. The response ofP. humeralisto hypoxia goes through a reduction in activity and metabolism, so this species can be considered hypoxia‐tolerant, allowing it to face hypoxia events during prolonged periods. On the other hand,A. scapularisresponse to hypoxia prioritizes avoidance mechanisms and, together with other adaptations, makes it especially vulnerable to hypoxia and able to be considered hypoxia‐intolerant.
Judges’ perceptions of facility dogs in the courtroom
Authors: Meyer Arial R. , McDermott Christine M. , Miller Monica K. , Marsh Shawn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examined judges’ perceptions of facility dogs used to comfort witnesses during testimony in courtrooms. Content analysis of an open‐ended survey question revealed that most judges support facility dog use to some degree, especially for children and in family, dependency, or juvenile courts. Perceived benefits included providing emotional support for witnesses who then could be calmer and provide better testimony (e.g., more accurate, more truthful, clearer). Perceived drawbacks included potential disruption, access issues for those allergic to or afraid of dogs, and bias. We discuss future research and implications for judges, advocates, and researchers.