bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring first‐time mothers' experiences and knowledge about behavioural risk factors for stillbirth
Authors: Escañuela Sánchez Tamara , Matvienko‐Sikar Karen , Meaney Sarah , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundModifiable factors such as substance use, lack of attendance at antenatal care, overweight or obesity and sleeping position are associated with a higher risk of stillbirth. This qualitative study aimed to explore women's experiences of modifiable factors during pregnancy and their awareness of stillbirth.MethodsPurposive sampling was implemented by hospital staff in a large tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland between November 2020 and March 2021. Women were approached during their stay in the hospital and were invited to participate in a semistructured interview 3–5 months later. Eligible women were primiparous, >18 years of age and had an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Eighteen women who consented to be followed up were interviewed at 3–5 months postpartum. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour themes were identified: attitudes towards behaviour change, awareness regarding stillbirth and risk factors, the silence around stillbirth and risks, and attitudes towards receiving information about stillbirth. Women spoke about behaviour change in terms of outcomes, and most changes (e.g., ceasing alcohol consumption) were perceived as easy to manage. Awareness of stillbirth was limited among the women interviewed, and the association between risk behaviours and stillbirth was not known by any woman. Results suggest that there is a silence around stillbirth, including in antenatal care, which hinders information provision. However, most women highlighted the value of receiving information and extra education about modifiable risk factors and stillbirth.ConclusionThere is a general lack of understanding of the link between behavioural risk factors and potential pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth. Providing further information to women about stillbirth and providing additional support with behaviour change might contribute to enhancing preventive efforts.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in this study by providing their experiences of antenatal care which were used as primary data.
A national questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists on active surveillance for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kato Takuma , Tohi Yoichiro , Honda Tomoko , Matsuda Iori , Osaki Yu , Naito Hirohito , Matsuoka Yuki , Okazoe Homare , Taoka Rikiya , Tsunemori Hiroyuki , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo conduct a national questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists on active surveillance (AS) for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 922 Japanese Urological Association Teaching Base Hospitals. The items included were years of experience as a urologist, sex, workplace, treatment equipment owned, specialty area of daily practice, specialty area of urological cancer, and six hypothetical cases of AS. The cases were categorized by the following Gleason scores: 3 + 3 low risk of PCa, 3 + 4 intermediate risk, and 4 + 3 intermediate risk, with or without comorbidities for each case. Comorbidities were defined as cardiovascular diseases or illnesses warranting anticoagulant therapy.ResultsAltogether, 1962 questionnaires were analyzed. Responses were almost equally distributed among all age groups. Workplaces included general hospitals (49.4%), university hospitals (40.3%), and cancer centers (4.2%). Percentages of proposed AS for low risk/no comorbidity, low risk/with comorbidity, intermediate‐risk 3 + 4/no comorbidity, intermediate risk 3 + 4/with comorbidity, intermediate risk 4 + 3/no comorbidity, and intermediate risk 4 + 3/with comorbidity were 90.5%, 90%, 39.5%, 48.7%, 15%, and 22%, respectively. Analysis of the correspondents' backgrounds showed that the more the urologists' years of experience, the less they were to advise AS of low‐risk patients. In the presence of comorbidities, urologists across all age groups tended to propose AS, even in the same Gleason grade group. Cancer center urologists recommended AS more often than their counterparts at general and university hospitals.ConclusionsApproximately 40% of urologists proposed AS for intermediate‐risk cases, confirming that AS for intermediate‐risk patients is being considered in Japan.
How Migrant Resource Centres affect migration decisions: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan
Authors: Dennison James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) have been set up in South Asia jointly by national governments of origin and destination countries. Their objectives include encouragement of potential migrants to seek regular rather than irregular routes and to ensure the safety of those migrating, regardless of status. Of theoretical note, their activities utilise innovative, highly personalised counselling. This article provides quasi‐experimental evidence of the effect of four activities – telephone and online counselling, and college outreach and pre‐departure sessions – on 2215 randomly allocated users of the MRCs' services across six MRCs in four countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan. The effects are a large reduction in self‐reported likelihood of migrating irregularly, and a strong increase in awareness of safe options and who to contact for assistance whilst migrating. The effects are consistent across activity type and MRC location, although magnitudes vary. These findings have implications for our understanding of how the decision to migrate is made, what interventions are effective and why.
Acoustic seascape partitioning through functional data analysis
Authors: Ariza Alejandro , Lebourges‐Dhaussy Anne , Nerini David , Pauthenet Etienne , Roudaut Gildas , Assunção Ramilla , Tosetto Everton , Bertrand Arnaud 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimWater column acoustic backscatter is regularly registered during oceanographic surveys, providing valuable information on the composition and distribution of pelagic life in the ocean. We propose an objective approach based on functional data analysis to classify these acoustic seascapes into biogeographical regions.LocationTropical South Atlantic Ocean off northeastern Brazil.TaxonSound‐scattering pelagic fauna detected with acoustic echosounders, principally small fish, crustaceans, squid and diverse gelatinous life‐forms.MethodsWe use acoustic backscatter as a function of depth, simultaneously at three frequencies, to numerically describe the vertical distribution and composition of sound‐scattering organisms in the water column. This information is used to classify the acoustic seascape through functional principal component analysis. The analysis routine is tested and illustrated with data collected at 38, 70 and 120 kHz in waters affected by contrasting environmental conditions.ResultsAcoustic seascape partitioning mirrored the distribution of current systems, fronts and taxonomically based regionalization. The study area was divided between slope‐boundary and open‐ocean waters, and between spring and fall hydrological regimes.Main ConclusionsThe acoustic seascape consistency and the spatiotemporal coherence of the regions classified show that the method is efficient at identifying homogeneous and cohesive sound‐scattering communities. Comparisons against hydrological and biological regionalization prove that the method is reliable at delineating distinct pelagic ecosystems in a cost‐efficient and non‐intrusive way.
Racial disparities among older adults with acute myocardial infarction: The SILVER‐AMI study
Authors: Demkowicz Patrick C. , Hajduk Alexandra M. , Dodson John A. , Oladele Carol R. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite an aging population, little is known about racial disparities in aging‐specific functional impairments and mortality among older adults hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsWe analyzed data from patients aged 75 years or older who were hospitalized for AMI at 94 US hospitals from 2013 to 2016. Functional impairments and geriatric conditions were assessed in‐person during the AMI hospitalization. The association between race and risk of mortality (primary outcome) was evaluated with logistic regression adjusted sequentially for age, clinical characteristics, and measures of functional impairment and other conditions associated with aging.ResultsAmong 2918 participants, 2668 (91.4%) self‐identified as White and 250 (8.6%) as Black. Black participants were younger (80.8 vs 81.7 years; p = 0.010) and more likely to be female (64.8% vs 42.5%; p < 0.001). Black participants were more likely to present with impairments in cognition (37.6% vs 14.5%; p < 0.001), mobility (66.0% vs 54.6%; p < 0.001) and vision (50.1% vs 35.7%; p < 0.001). Black participants were also more likely to report a disability in one or more activities of daily living (22.4% vs 13.0%; p < 0.001) and an unintentional loss of more than 10 lbs in the year prior to hospitalization (37.2% vs 13.0%; p < 0.001). The unadjusted odds of 6‐month mortality among Black participants (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.8) attenuated to non‐significance after adjustment for age, clinical characteristics (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.7, 1.2–2.5), and functional/geriatric conditions (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.2).ConclusionsBlack participants had a more geriatric phenotype despite a younger average age, with more functional impairments. Controlling for functional impairments and geriatric conditions attenuated disparities in 6‐month mortality somewhat. These findings highlight the importance of systematically assessing functional impairment during hospitalization and also ensuring equitable access to community programs to support post‐AMI recovery among Black older adults.
Phylogenomics and the flowering plant tree of life
Authors: Guo Cen , Luo Yang , Gao Lian‐Ming , Yi Ting‐Shuang , Li Hong‐Tao , Yang Jun‐Bo , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe advances accelerated by next‐generation sequencing and long‐read sequencing technologies continue to provide an impetus for plant phylogenetic study. In the past decade, a large number of phylogenetic studies adopting hundreds to thousands of genes across a wealth of clades have emerged and ushered plant phylogenetics and evolution into a new era. In the meantime, a roadmap for researchers when making decisions across different approaches for their phylogenomic research design is imminent. This review focuses on the utility of genomic data (from organelle genomes, to both reduced representation sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing) in phylogenetic and evolutionary investigations, describes the baseline methodology of experimental and analytical procedures, and summarizes recent progress in flowering plant phylogenomics at the ordinal, familial, tribal, and lower levels. We also discuss the challenges, such as the adverse impact on orthology inference and phylogenetic reconstruction raised from systematic errors, and underlying biological factors, such as whole‐genome duplication, hybridization/introgression, and incomplete lineage sorting, together suggesting that a bifurcating tree may not be the best model for the tree of life. Finally, we discuss promising avenues for future plant phylogenomic studies.
Petrochronology of polygenetic white micas (Naxos, Greece)
Authors: Villa Igor M. , Glodny Johannes , Peillod Alexandre , Skelton Alasdair , Ring Uwe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNaxos in the Greek Cyclades preserves a type example of polymetamorphism. The southern and northern parts of the island record different Tertiary P–T histories between Eocene and Miocene times, including a blueschist facies event, one or more amphibolite/greenschist facies overprint(s) and contact metamorphism. Age attributions for these events are inconsistent in the literature. Here, we propose a new approach that combines electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) characterization of the white mica (WM) with 39Ar‐40Ar–Rb‐Sr multichronometry. Textural–petrographic–compositional observations reveal that the polygenetic WM consists of five different generations: pre‐Eocene relicts, paragonite, high‐Si phengite, low‐Si phengite and muscovite. EPMA mapping of four WM samples, previously analysed by Rb‐Sr, reveals major element compositions heterogeneous down to the μm scale. Each WM consists of chemically distinct generations, documenting submicron‐scale retrogression of high‐pressure (HP) phengite grains to muscovite. Four WM samples from a N‐S traverse across the island were analysed by 39Ar‐40Ar stepheating, comparing coarse and fine sieve size fractions to obtain overdetermined K‐Ar systematics. Fine sieve fractions are richer in Cl than coarse ones. Linear arrays in Cl/K‐age isotope correlation diagrams show two predominant WM generations (one Cl‐poor at ca. 38 Ma and one Cl‐rich at <20 Ma). A lower‐grade sample from southern Naxos was less pervasively recrystallized, provides older ages and preserves at least three WM generations, including a relict WM with a pre‐Palaeocene K‐Ar age, consistent with the high Ar retentivity of WM in the absence of complete recrystallization. The age of the Cl‐poor end‐member WM approximates the age of the HP event, 38 Ma. Ar inheritance in Cretaceous mica relicts is heterogeneous at the single‐grain scale. Comparing the degassing rates of the WM fractions rules out ‘multidomain’ diffusion. As no sample is monomineralic, the degassing rate of each polygenetic mica is instead controlled by the mass balanced sum of the unrelated rate constants of its constituent minerals. Given the commonness of zoned and composite micas, the approach detailed here is potentially useful for reconstructing polyphase metamorphic histories worldwide.
Individual differences in revising the life story—Personality and event characteristics influence change in the autobiographical meaning of life events
Authors: Peters Isabel , Kemper Nina F. , Schmiedek Florian , Habermas Tilmann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveRepeated autobiographical narratives have recently received increased attention as measures of the stability of narrative identity. We propose that one way to map change in life narratives is to rate the degree to which the autobiographical meaning of renarrated events changes. We aimed to test the influence of age, traits (openness, extraversion), and event characteristics on how much autobiographical meaning changes.MethodIn waves 3 and 4 of theMainLifestudy, 123 participants (15–72 years) narrated their lives twice, 4 years apart. Life events that were told both times were rated for change in autobiographical meaning (n = 531). Multilevel models tested individual and event characteristics as predictors.ResultsAutobiographical meaning changed more the more individuals were open to experience, the more recently the events had happened, and the more negative emotions the event narratives contained. It was unrelated to extraversion and to the use of autobiographical arguments. A decrease in change with age was due to older individuals narrating older events.ConclusionOur findings add to understanding how traits and life story are related and underscore the need to further study the role of event characteristics for stability and change in narrative identity.
Procyanidins regulate colonic metabolome, inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity in lambs fed a high‐concentrate diet
Authors: Mu Chuntang , Zhang Xuanzi , Zhang Jianxin , Hao Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explored the mechanism by which grape seed procyanidins (GSPs) alleviate colon inflammatory injury induced by a high‐concentrate diet in lambs. Forty‐eight 1/2 Dorper (♂) × 1/2 Small thin‐tailed (♀) crossed male lambs were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (CON), fed with a high‐concentrate diet (concentrate:forage = 7:3) and three GSPs groups fed a high‐concentrate diet + 10 (LGSP), 20 (MGSP) and 40 (HGSP) mg/kg body weight (BW) GSPs per day, respectively. The results showed that the levels of interleukin (IL)−1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in plasma of lambs of the MGSP (0.155 and 38.52 pg/ml) and HGSP (0.165 and 39.60 pg/ml) groups were significantly lower than those in the CON (0.248 and 48.74 pg/ml) and LGSP (0.245 and 50.52 pg/ml) group (p < 0.05), and levels of IL‐1β in colon tissue in the MGSP (28.49 ng/g) and HGSP (26.67 ng/g) groups were also lower (p < 0.05) than that in CON (40.55 ng/g). Metabonomics analysis of colon tissue showed that differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in the arachidonic acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signalling pathway (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GSPs alleviate the colonic epithelium inflammatory response induced by a high‐concentrate diet by increasing energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant metabolism and inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism.
Understanding the Diversity of Catholic Higher Education: A New Empirical Guide for Evaluating the Influence of Catholic Identity
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Cockle Theodore F. , Martin Jessica , Alexander Scott 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough scholars have often described faith‐based universities in America as “church‐related,” we argue this classification tells us virtually nothing about how the Catholic identity influences the mission, rhetoric, curriculum, or policies of Catholic institutions. Although Morey and Piderit (2006, Catholic higher education: A culture in crisis) created a more sophisticated four‐part typology of Catholic institutions, we find that students, parents, administrators, and scholars, particularly scholars interested in institutional secularization, need a better means of empirical analysis to determine the degree to which the Catholic identity of an institution influences key administrative decisions of the university. Thus, we propose a method of content analysis that can quantify how the Catholic identity shapes key administrative, curricular, and cocurricular decisions and thereby places Catholic institutions upon a continuum. We then apply our new Operationalizing Faith Identity Guide (OFIG) to Catholic institutions in the United States to demonstrate the helpfulness of its application.Replication: The data needed to duplicate and replicate the findings in the paper will be made available immediately following publication.
A novelMRI‐based three‐dimensional model of stomach volume, surface area, and geometry in response to gastric filling and emptying
Authors: Bertoli Davide , Mark Esben Bolvig , Liao Donghua , Brock Christina , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastric motility and accommodation have a critical role in maintaining normal gastrointestinal homeostasis. Different modalities can be adopted to quantify those processes, that is, scintigraphy to measure emptying time and intragastric Barostat for accommodation assessment. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assess the same parameters noninvasively without ionizing radiation. Our study aimed to develop a detailed three‐dimensional (3D) MRI model of the stomach to describe gastric volumes, surface areas, wall tension distribution, and interobserver agreement.MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers underwent an MRI protocol of six axial T2‐weighted acquisitions. Each dataset was used to construct a 3D model of the stomach: First, the volumes of the whole stomach, gastric liquid, and air were segmented. After landmark placing, a raw 3D model was generated from segmentation data. Subsequently, irregularities were removed, and the model was divided into compartments. Finally, surface area and 3D geometry parameters (inverse curvatures) were extracted. The inverse curvatures were used as a proxy for wall tension distribution without measuring the intragastric pressure.Key ResultsThe model was able to describe changes in volume and surface geometry for each compartment with a distinct pattern in response to filling and emptying. The surface tension was distributed nonhomogeneously between compartments and showed dynamical changes at various time points.Conclusion & InferencesThe presented model offers a detailed tool for evaluating gastric volumes, surface geometry, and wall tension in response to filling and emptying and will provide insights into gastric emptying and accommodation in diseases such as diabetic gastroparesis.
Statins and oral biofilm: Simvastatin as a promising drug to control periodontal dysbiosis
Authors: Parolina de Carvalho Rafaela D. , de Andrade Moreno Jéssica , Roque Sindy Magri , Chan Daniel Cheuk Hong , Torrez Willy Bustillos , Stipp Rafael Nóbrega , Bueno‐Silva Bruno , de Lima Patricia Oliveira , Cogo‐Müller Karina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated antimicrobial activity of atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin against oral bacteria, and the interaction of simvastatin with standard antimicrobials (amoxicillin and metronidazole).MethodsMinimal inhibitory concentration assays were performed with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii; checkerboard microdilution assays between simvastatin and standard antimicrobials; monospecies and multispecies biofilms.ResultsSimvastatin showed the best antimicrobial activity against most species (MIC range from 3.12 to 25 μg/ml), highlighting the sensitivity of P. gingivalis. In the checkerboard assay, synergistic interaction was found between simvastatin and amoxicillin against S. oralis and S. sanguinis. P. gingivalis biofilm was inhibited by simvastatin at 10 and 50× Minimal inhibitory concentration, with similar effects to metronidazole. For multispecies biofilm, SMV reduced the biofilm metabolic activity (79%) and total counts (87%), comparable to amoxicillin. Simvastatin also reduced bacterial counts of Veilonnella parvula, P. gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, P. intermedia, and Capnocytophaga ochracea in the multispecies biofilm.ConclusionsSimvastatin showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against oral bacteria and may contribute to the control of dysbiosis, and may be considered in clinical studies as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.