bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultracompact multifunctional metalens visor for augmented reality displays
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Shuyi , Liang Haowen , Ren Xiuying , Luo Lingcong , Ling Yuye , Liu Shuxin , Su Yikai , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have found widespread applications in education, engineering, healthcare, and entertainment. However, these near-eye displays are often bulky and heavy, and thus are not suitable for long-term wearing. Metalenses, with an ultra-thin formfactor, subwavelength modulation scale, and high modulation flexibility, are promising candidates to replace the conventional optics in AR display systems. In this work, we proposed and fabricated a novel reflective dielectric metalens-visor based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase with see-through capability. It achieves diffraction-limited focusing behavior for the reflected red light, while keeping a good transmission spectrum in the visible region. Hence, this single piece metalens-visor can perform the function of two integrated elements simultaneously: an eyepiece and an optical combiner, which in turn greatly reduces the weight and the size of an AR display. We have implemented a proof-of-concept AR display system employing the metalens-visor, and experimentally demonstrated color AR images with good image quality. This work reveals the great potential of multi-functional metasurface devices which enables optical integration in interdisciplinary applications including wearable displays, biological imaging, and aeronautic optical instruments.
Illumination modelling for reconstructing machined surface topography
Authors: Shi Weichao , ZHENG JianMing , SHENG Qiang , WANG Qilong , WANG Lijie , LI Qi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Illumination estimation is crucial for surface detection method based on visual image reconstruction. The existing illumination models which depend on the macro-surface geometric features and reflection characteristics are difficult to accurately describe the luminance of machined surface topography with desertification fractal structure. Therefore, machined surface topography illumination model under coaxial light microscopic vision is proposed in this paper for the needs of on-line detection of complex surface and special functional surface topography in manufacturing field. Based on the light scattering theory, the luminance of surface topography is studied under the coaxial light microscopic vision, the influencing factors of luminance of surface topography are revealed, and the illumination model of machined surface topography is established. The experimental results show that the proposed illumination model has less calculation error and can more accurately describe the luminance of machined surface topography. The research results will lay a foundation for on-line detection and monitoring of machined surface.
Morphomertic analysis of sub-watersheds to evaluate relative tectonic activity. a case study of the Northeastern Algeria. (Tebessa)
Authors: Taib Hassan , Benabbas Chaouki , Khiari Abdelkader , Dinar Haythem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A neo-tectonic analysis was published using remote sensing technical and a geographical information system (GIS) to better understand the characteristics and evolution geomorphometric of the immense Morsot-Tebessa-El Hammamet watershed. This study extracted geomorphometric indices such as integral hypsometry (HI), the sinuosity of mountain fronts (Smf) and the valley width index. (Vf), and drainage anomalies by defining the Asymmetry Factor (Af) and the topographic factor (T) to analyze tectonic activity and its implications for the development of relief and flow characteristics.The extracted index data was aggregated and integrated into a GIS to create a new index named the Relative Tectonic Activity Index (IRAT). The mean of these geomorphometric indices was used to estimate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area. Thus, the relative distribution of tectonic activity in this zone to determine the degree of IRAT, we created four classes: class 1 very high (1 IRAT 1.5); class 2 high (1 IRAT 1.5); class 2 medium (1.5 IRAT 1.9); and class 3 low (IRAT > 2).We were able to identify the highly deformed areas associated with active tectonic anomalies and conclude that the reactivation of underground faults, which coincides in space with the mapped faults in the outcrops activated from the since Miocene, influences the migration of sub-basin hydrographic systems in two dominant directions.The geographic correlation between these faults and subbasin geometry, the change in river sinuosity when crossing these limits, and a high concentration of tectonic lineaments along these limits all support this explanation. As a result of this research, iIt was possible to (1) determine the regions morphotectonic evolution and the correlation between the increase in this index and the degree of accentuated terrain deformation, (2) provide geometric details for some previously unknown tectonics. and (3) present a new diagram on the spatial evolution of morpho-structural structures in close relation to recent tectonic activity in the region.
Influences of High content of sodium doping at Cu site of Bi(Pb)2212
Authors: Bouaïcha Faiza , Mosbah Mohamed-Fayçal. , Ozyuzer Lutfi. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study here, the effect of high content of sodium doping on structural and electrical properties of Bi(Pb)2212 superconducting. The X-ray analysis results showed that all the prepared samples mainly belong to the superconducting tetragonal phase Bi-(Pb)2212. SEM micrographs show that the grains are closely related and have a characteristic flat shape for the superconductor Bi (Pb) 2212. For the undoped sample, the grains are randomly distributed with a size of 5 µm. For doped samples, the morphology changes with sodium concentration. Resistivity measurements show that all samples have a superconducting character.
Apoptosis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells is induced by the combination of PI3K and autophagy inhibitors
Authors: DONG YU QING , SUN NI , YANG XIANG CHOU , HE MU QING , HUANG HE , GUO WEN JIAN , LIN XIAOJI 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and various PI3K inhibitors have been reported in antitumor. However, PI3K inhibitors can induce autophagy and activation of autophagy can promote drug resistance of tumor cells or improve cell survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the PI3K inhibitor PX-866 or PI-103 combined with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on the apoptosis of acute T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells lines CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells. Methods and results: We found PX-866 and PI-103 treatment significantly reduced cell viability whilst also greatly increasing apoptosis in CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells. The efficacy of this treatment was further enhanced when combined with 3-MA. The phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR in CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells were significantly suppressed by the introduction of PX-866 or PI-103, the effects of which were reversed by co-treatment with 3-MA. In addition, the expression of LC3, ATG5, ATG12 and Beclin-1 were found to be significantly upregulated by PX-866 or PI-103 treatment and were markedly downregulated by the co-administration of 3-MA. TEM results revealed that the number of autophagic vacuoles in CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells was increased by PX-866 and PI-103 treatment, which was reversed by 3-MA co-treatment. Conclusions: The combination of PI3K and autophagy inhibitors reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. This discovery provided a new way to improve the effectiveness of anti-tumor strategies in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Effect of urea on lens protein of multilamellar bodies in senile nuclear cataract
Authors: Fahmy Hassan L. , Hosny Ghada , Sayed Sally A. , Saleh Mohamed G.A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Addressing the biochemical and physical changes leading to development of cataract and reversal of this process is a research target for ophthalmologists. Currently the only way to treat cataract is by surgical intervention which entails a big economic and logistic burden especially in underdeveloped nations and is not risk free. This study aims at demonstrating the effect of urea solution on the cataractous lens.Methods: In this ex vivo experiment, we injected urea solution in a concentration of 96 mmol/L in hard cataractous nuclei removed by cataract surgery. Results showed that urea restored transparency of these opaque nuclei. Electron microscopic examination of those lenses before and after injection showed disorganization of lamellar bodies (hallmark sign of cataract) with restoration of the regular pattern of extracellular spaces within the lens and hence better light transmission. Conclusion Injection of urea solution, 0.96 mol/L, in human hard cataract nuclei in an ex vivo experiment leads to changes in the electron microscopic characteristics of cataractous lens mainly affecting lamellar bodies, namely via biochemical changes leading to changes in protein structure, which contributes to restoring lens transparency.This observation may carry the potential for us to be able to develop a way to prevent and perhaps reverse cataract by simply administering urea eye drops.
Phosphorylation in liquid sulphur dioxide under prebiotically plausible conditions
Authors: Sydow Constanze , Seiband Christiane , Siegle Alexander , Trapp Oliver 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In nature, organophosphates provide key functions such as information storage and transport, structural tasks, and energy transfer. Since condensation reactions are unfavourable in water and the nucleophilic attack at phosphate is kinetically inhibited, various abiogenesis hypotheses for the formation of organophosphate are discussed. In recent studies, the application of water soluble phosphite salts as phosphorylation agent showed promising results. However, elevated temperatures and additional reaction steps are required to obtain organophosphates. Here we show that in liquid sulphur dioxide, which acts as reaction medium and oxidant, efficient organophosphate formation is enabled. Phosphorous acid (H3PO3) yields up to 32.6% 5’ nucleoside monophosphate, 3.6% 5’ nucleoside diphosphate and the formation of nucleoside triphosphates and dinucleotides in a single reaction step at room temperature. In addition to the phosphorylation of organic compounds, we observed dipeptide formation. Thus, we suggest volcanic environments as reaction sites for efficient biopolymer formation on Early Earth.
A novel method of bayesian regularization based solar charging station employing maximum power point tracking for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Veerappan Prasanna Moorthy , V Dineshraj , S Elangovan , V Deepika , Ramachandran Meenakumari , Panchal Hitesh , Lamba Ravita , Thangaraj Kokilavani , Muthusamy Suresh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Any growing country's business development relies on the availability of electricity. Recent years have seen an increase in the development and marketing of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric cars due to environmental concerns and increasing oil costs (HEV). Electric vehicles are becoming more popular, and their accompanying equipment has become a necessary part of the equation. One module where this has been tried is the charging station. As part of the proposed work, ANN-based MPPT is utilized to monitor the solar panel's maximum power. This approach has the benefit of being more precise. ANN uses the Bayesian Regularization technique for maximum power point tracking. The neural network accustomed to manage the DC-DC converter's duty cycle is trained using this approach. Solar PV, energy storage, and the grid are all included in this electric car charging station. In case of an emergency, the PV and storage systems may draw electricity from the grid. The proposed method's efficiency is simulated and tested using the MATLAB/Simulink programme.
The effectiveness of CBL in teaching specialized courses to undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Shohani Masoumeh , Bastami Mohammadreza , Gheshlaghi Leili Abedi , Nasrollahi Abbas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Case-based learning (CBL) is an effective teaching-learning strategy that provides a learning environment similar to actual practice. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of CBL in teaching specialized nursing courses on the learning and satisfaction of nursing students.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 in School of Nursing and Midwifery in Ilam and all 128 undergraduate nursing students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th semesters of nursing who had selected “Adult and Geriatric Nursing” and “Critical Care Nursing” courses were enrolled in the study using a census method. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 20 questions based on the Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 22.
Results
More than two thirds of the students (81.3%) found the CBL method better than lectures. 60% of male students and 62% of female students stated that the CBL method increased their self-confidence compared to the traditional lecture-based learning (p < 0.03). Students were very satisfied with the CBL method (9.1 ± 1.1 out of 10). There was no significant relationship between gender-related features and marital status, and the mean score of students' satisfaction with the CBL method (p > 0.05). However, 4th semester students were more satisfied than other students (P = 0.02).
Conclusion
The results show that as a novel teaching-learning technique, CBL is effective in teaching specialized nursing courses and increases students' satisfaction and self-confidence.
Laser Shock Forging — A novel in-situ method designed towards controlling residual stresses in Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Cai Shupeng , Yang Zhifan , Qiu Ming , Wang Zhengang , Wu Pingping , Xue Chi , Huo Xiaojian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid in-situ additive manufacturing (AM) method —Laser Shock Forging (LSF), which combines laser shock peening (LSP) with laser melting deposition (LMD). Based on the classical Bar-frame model and inherent strain theory, the mechanisms of the effects of pretreatment and post-treatment on AM process has been firstly elaborated. Towards controlling tensile residual stress (TRS) in the as-built (AB) state of AM parts which has a detrimental effect on their fatigue life, we then developed LSF to introduce tensile inherent strains in LMD built parts in an in-situ manner, which will convert TRS to compressive residual stress (CRS). The laser beam used for shock peening can be adjusted to move synchronously with the laser beam used for metal deposition at a certain distance, ensuring the laser shock peening to act on the region where the material temperature cools down to the forging temperature range. Then experimental works have been conducted on 316L stainless steel, residual stress distributions of the AB, LSP and LSF treated specimens were compared, results show that LSF increases both the magnitude and depth of CRS compared with conventional LSP treatment, thus providing a promising application in enhancing fatigue life in AM process.
Active Compounds and Potential Targets of Shuganning Injection in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Network Pharmacology and in vitro Validation
Authors: Han Xiao , Huang Jiayan , Lu Jia , He Feng , Wang Fang , Li Shuangfeng , Zhong Hao , Yu Haiyang , Pu Weiling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Shuganning Injection (SGNI), a TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) injection with good hepato-protective effects, exerted therapeutic effects on HCC. However, the active compounds and effects of SGNI on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. To investigate the active compounds and potential targets of SGNI in the treatment of HCC, and explore the molecular mechanisms of main compounds. Network pharmacology was applied to predict the active compounds and targets of SGNI on cancer. The interaction between active compounds and target protein were validated by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and pull-down assay. The in vitro test of the effects and mechanism of vanillin and baicalein was elucidated by MTT, Western blot, immunofluorescence and apoptosis analysis. According to compound characteristics, targets, etc., two typical active ingredients (vanillin and baicalein) were selected as representatives to explore the effects on HCC. Vanillin (an important food additive), bound to NF-κB1 and baicalein (a bioactive flavonoid) bound to FLT3 (FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3) were confirmed in this study. Vanillin and baicalein were both inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis of Hep3B and Huh7 cells. In addition, both vanillin and baicalein could enhance the activation of p38/MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathway, which may partially explain the anti-apoptosis effects of the two compounds. In conclusion, two active compounds of SGNI, baicalein and vanillin, promoted apoptosis of HCC cells via binding with NF-κB1 or FLT3, and regulating the p38/MAPK pathway. Baicalein and vanillin may be good candidates for HCC treatment on drug development.
A simplified displacement-based procedure for design and performance evaluation of low-rise masonry infilled RC frame buildings in Pakistan
Authors: Mazhar Hamza , Najam Fawad Ahmed , Afzal Musaddiq , Irfan Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
RC frame structures with masonry infill walls represent a typical building topology in Pakistan and many countries worldwide. Burnt brick walls are commonly used in buildings as partitions and external walls. Practicing engineers often employ code-based procedures for the structural design of buildings and ignore the effects of infills, considering them as non-structural components. However, these infill walls contribute to the early strength, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the frames and thus can considerably modify the global seismic performance of buildings. This contribution can be captured using nonlinear structural models. However, in the conventional code-based design procedures (based on linear elastic modeling), the infills are generally not included in the analysis model. This study presents a simplified displacement-based design (SDBD) procedure based on the concept of equivalent linearization to overcome this issue. The SDBD procedure uses the framework of the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method to determine the equivalent linear characteristics of the nonlinear structure. The fundamental idea is that the seismic demands of a nonlinear system can be determined using an equivalent linear system of elongated period and higher damping. The proposed procedure is developed using the three case study buildings (3-, 4-, and 5-story high), and its accuracy is investigated for a 5-story high building under input ground motions. In this evaluation, the inelastic demands obtained from the nonlinear analysis procedure are employed as a benchmark. The proposed SDBD procedure is found to provide accurate estimations of local and global responses for the case study building.
Drops of capillary blood are not appropriate for hemoglobin measurement with HemoCue: A comparative study using drop capillary, pooled capillary, and venous blood samples
Authors: Cruz-Góngora Vanessa De la , Méndez-Gómez-Humarán Ignacio , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Dary Omar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Population-based surveys matched by time and in the same country, but which use different methodologies for determining hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, have shown inconsistencies in estimating anemia prevalence. This study aims to estimate measurement errors in Hb using the HemoCue 201+ in capillary blood, both in drops and pooled, compared with venous blood analyzed both with the HemoCue 201+ and clinical methodologies as references. Methods: 149 participants (children, women, and older adults) interviewed in their homes in Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico, were randomly allocated to donate either a drop of capillary blood or 350 µL of pooled capillary blood. Each group also donated 4 mL of venous blood. Hb was analyzed in duplicate using the HemoCue 201+ and by a reference method using cyanmethemoglobin. We also compared the latter method with a clinical hemocounter. We performed Bland Altman and Lyn’s concordance analyses. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (±95% CI).Results: A positive bias was found in HemoCue 201+ (0.314 g/dL) which was used as an adjustment factor. After adjustment, both venous blood (0.000±0.33 95%CI -0.649, 0.649) and pooled capillary blood (-0-02± 0.36; 95%CI -0.75, 0.70) using HemoCue reported the same average Hb concentration as that estimated using venous blood with the cyanmethemoglobin method, and within a variation below 0.7 g/dL in the same individuals. Single drops of capillary blood produced a higher positive bias (0.425±0.81; 95%CI -1.176, 2.026) despite adjustment, and the variation between duplicate of hemoglobin was ±1.6 g/dL (95%CI -1.176, 2.026), and with some results as high as 2-3 g/dL. Comparatively, the variation of the cyanmethemoglobin method and the clinical hemocounter with venous blood was ±0.3 g/dL (95%CI -0.23, 0.38 ug/dL). Conclusions: Random variation of results from drops of capillary blood cannot be corrected, affecting the accurate and precise measurement of Hb concentration from this source. Pooled capillary blood, in our hands, performed similarly to venous blood and may be useful as an alternative to venous blood when the latter is difficult to obtain. In any case, the popular use of drops of capillary blood for estimating Hb concentration both in individuals and in populations should be discontinued.
Dying, death and bereavement : developing a national survey of bereaved relatives.
Authors: Coimín Diarmuid Ó , Rohde Daniela , Foley Conor , O'Carroll Tracy , Murphy Róisín 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Assessing and measuring the experience and quality of care provided is central to the improvement of care delivery of all healthcare systems. This paper reports on the development of a survey instrument to capture the experiences of care at end of life from the perspective of bereaved relatives in the Republic of Ireland. Methods: A multi-method, multi-stakeholder, sequential approach was adopted for this study. Items for inclusion in the survey instrument bank were identified through (1) a feasibility study and scoping literature review, (2) expert panel programme board review, (3) focus groups and (4) gap analysis. The following steps were undertaken to prioritise the items for inclusion in the final survey instrument: (1) a Delphi study (2) technical expert panel review (3) cognitive interviews with bereaved relatives and an (4) expert panel programme board review. Results: Following an iterative process with key stakeholders, a survey instrument was developed with sections focusing on the provision of care at home, in the last nursing home / residential care facility, hospice and hospital, as well as care experience in the last two days of life, the relative’s experiences of care and support, the circumstances of care surrounding death and demographic information. In total, a bank of 123 questions were prioritised to be included in the National End of Life Survey instrument.Conclusion: The survey will provide a standardised national approach to capturing the experience of care of those who have died, from the perspective of bereaved relatives in the Republic of Ireland. This will allow health service providers, policy makers and regulators to gather important insights into the experiences of care at end of life and will help fulfil the requirement of healthcare services to ensure they are providing high-quality care.