bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceedingly simplistic one-pot protocol to the synthesis of [1, 5]-benzodiazepine and [1, 5]-benzothiazepine annulated derivatives of carbazolo condensed azepinones
Authors: Agrawal Meenakshi , Yadaw Giriraj , Srivastava Anamika , Jaiswal Shivangi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: A new series of benzodiazepine and benzothiazepine annulated derivatives of carbazolo condensed azepinones were synthesized.
Methodology: Synthesis was done through a one-pot approach. The structure of these compounds was established based on their analytical IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized drugs was evaluated by the disc diffusion method.
Main Findings: The activity index and zone of inhibition were also examined in comparison to standard drugs fluconazole and streptomycin. The synthesized compound has gained much importance due to its diverse biological activities.
Implications: One-pot method is a highly innovative strategy, which has been easy to operate, requires inexpensive material and in applying to a wide range of functionalized substrates.
Disentangling the relationship between prior knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation: a bibliometric study
Authors: Espinoza-Torres Diana , Segarra-Oña Marival 
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the theoretical relationship between knowledge and entrepreneurship through a bibliometric study. Several indicators are drawn from the Web of Science database using the HistCite software for bibliometrics, including annual publications, citation density, and journals with the highest number of publications. For the empirical application, a qualitative approach was adopted through a case study of four companies located in Valencia with the application of a semi-structured interview. The Atlas.ti software was used to analyze the data. The results indicate a relationship between knowledge and entrepreneurship constructs through theoretical modeling, highlighting the importance of the origin of knowledge for new venture creation, knowledge commercialization processes through entrepreneurship opportunities, and the origin and transmission of knowledge in organizations with entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The main limitation is the dispersion of research topics and the exclusion of publications that did not address the investigated relationship directly. The theoretical model proposed in this study can be extended to different spheres to identify and generate entrepreneurship opportunities, especially in universities and incumbent firms. Future studies should further validate the model empirically
National situation COVID-19 Costa Rica: an open source implementation for online map visualization
Authors: Céspedes-Vindas Adriana , Vargas-Sanabria Daniela 
Published: May 2022

Geographic analysis tools have been used by the health sector for sanitary policy, epidemiological, surveillance and health promotion purposes. In order to track the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Health and the Technological Research and Innovation Laboratory (LIIT-UNED) of Costa Rica, launched a technological solution using open source software. The resulting web tool monitors the epidemiological behavior of the virus on a daily basis. The solution also serves to communicate epidemiological information of the virus to the general population. From April to September 2020, more than 200,000 people in more than 119 countries accessed the website. In this paper, we present the considerations of design, the workflows that followed for the implementation of the website, as well as a discussion of the type of Open Source solutions for working with geographic information systems in health.
Estrategias empresariales frente a la Pandemia COVID-19, caso Costa Rica
Authors: Lafuente-Chryssopoulos Raquel , Robles-Ramírez Andrés , Alvarado-Peña Marco Vinicio , Brenes-Bonilla Jary 
Published: May 2022

La llegada de la Pandemia COVID-19 a nuestro país y la propagación del contagio en los ciudadanos, significó un impacto económico no solo en el área de salud, si no que en todos los ámbitos de desarrollo económico. Muchos de los cambios obligaron a las empresas a redefinir el rumbo que se tenía proyectado, enmarcándose en todas aquellas acciones que fueran necesarias para enfrentar una nueva realidad que va desde la generación de protocolos de salud, la priorización de proyecto que mitigarán el impacto del COVID-19 hasta la reducción de gastos considerados necesarios solo meses anteriores.
En este documento se pretende exponer en términos generales las estrategias que adoptaron empresas de los distintos sectores productivos de Costa Rica, sirviendo como punto de análisis y principalmente como ejemplo de desarrollo de innovaciones que fueron utilizadas con el único fin de lograr la sostenibilidad y la menor afectación posible.
La investigación final se desarrolla bajo dos esquemas, en primer lugar, un análisis de las acciones por cada uno de los países que participan en la investigación y en segundo lugar un análisis comparativo entre los países participantes.
De la investigación destaca la similitud en la adopción de actividades para enfrentar la pandemia sin importar el tamaño de la empresa, al sector al que pertenece o el enfoque comercial entre ellas.
El reto educativo universitario ante la pandemia por COVID-19: propuesta de criterios pedagógicos
Authors: Amador-Solano María Gabriela , Salas-Acuña Erick Francisco 
Published: May 2022

En Costa Rica, varios estudios ya han reflexionado sobre los impactos de la emergencia sanitaria por el COVID-19 y de la educación remota en la educación superior. Sin embargo, aún no se han encontrado investigaciones que aborden al profesorado como objeto de estudio o que se ubiquen en el contexto del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), por lo que la motivación para este trabajo se justifica en ese vacío investigativo. El propósito de este artículo es proponer los criterios pedagógicos y las competencias idóneas para impartir lecciones en educación remota, así como documentar un estudio de caso realizado en el contexto del ITCR durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se plantea la necesidad de que el docente utilice el Marco Común de Competencia Digital para autoevaluarse respecto a las fortalezas y debilidades en cuanto a su competencia tecnológica. El estudio de caso, basado en una investigación cualitativa, recolectó datos de 250 estudiantes universitarios de los cursos de Comunicación Escrita y Comunicación Oral, a través de dos instrumentos, una observación y una encuesta en línea semiestructurada a través de preguntas abiertas relacionadas con las ventajas y recomendaciones del uso de las consignas didácticas, estrategias y recursos. Entre los resultados obtenidos de la observación destaca la importancia de la consigna para aquellos estudiantes con una baja conectividad a quienes se les dificulta participar de las sesiones sincrónicas. En cuanto a la encuesta, un cien por ciento de los estudiantes afirma que el uso de este tipo de estrategia didáctica orienta el recorrido que se debe realizar para poder construir el conocimiento.
Lactancia materna y SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bastidas-Pacheco Gilberto , Bastidas-Delgado Daniel 
Published: May 2022

La lactancia materna es el estándar normativo para la nutrición infantil e ideal en pandemias como la ocasionada por SARS-CoV-2 por ser la forma más limpia y segura para nutrir bebés y niños pequeños. El objetivo de este escrito es develar la información existente sobre transmisión vertical materno-infantil del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Se trató de una revisión documental de información extraída de bases de datos digitales a partir de descriptores. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados y mostrados en esta investigación en dos secciones: lactancia materna y SARS-CoV-2 y conclusiones. Se concluye que la lactancia materna debe iniciarse lo antes posible y que no debe interrumpirse el contacto piel a piel, pues no se ha podido demostrar la transmisión vertical.
Legal Policy of Implementation of Organizing Umrah Worship in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Desnadya Anjani 
Published: May 2022

<p>Umrah is a worship for Muslims in the Holy Land of Mecca. The provision of umrah worship in Indonesia is stipulated in Law of Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah Worship and amended under Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The hope of being able to perform worship safely and comfortably does not always go well, because in fact there are still many problems that would have to be faced by umrah pilgrims. Referring to the Directory of Supreme Court's of Indonesia, every year there are cases registered in the Court regarding the Umrah Worship Travel Organizer, both in the civil lawsuit and criminal cases, this shows that there is still weak protection for umrah pilgrims. This research aims to explore and analyze regulations regarding the conduct of umrah worship in Indonesia, implementation of regulations, as well as the ideal arrangement of umrah worship in Indonesia. Methodology of this study is based on normative legal research which carried out several approaches such as statutory approach, case approach and comparative approach. In this paper, normative legal research is also supported by empirical research. The results of this study essencially show the potential problems in the Umrah worship arrangement that result in disadvantages for Umrah pilgrims who are not get they right to assigned to holy land Macca, the weak protection provided for Umrah worship shows potential problems in the umrah worship arrangement, therefore an alignment and amendment to the implementing regulations of the Umrah worship arrangement is required, the application of the obligation to provide insurance protection of departure certainty for all umrah pilgrims with any travel package is expected to provide protection and certainty of departure umrah.</p>
Elimination of Child Labor in Vietnam's New Generation of Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Nguyen Cuc , Ngo Phuoc Huu 
Published: May 2022

As of March 2021, Vietnam negotiated and signed the new generation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), consisting of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the European-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), and the Vietnam-Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement (VN-EAEU FTA). One of the critical issues of these agreements is non-commercial provisions, especially commitments to the elimination of child labor. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the commitment to eliminate child labor in the new generation of FTAs under the principle of pacta sunt servanda and the government's responsibility to comply with international treaties according to the 2013 Constitution. Based on the obligations arising from international treaties, Vietnam must comply with all commitments agreed upon as a state member. As a result, it is necessary to implement suitable solutions to implement these commitments properly, especially the elimination of child labor, according to the three mentioned FTAs. By using comparative and evaluated methods, this study analyzed and commented on the similarities and differences between the Vietnam labor legal system and these three agreements on eliminating child labor. This study indicated relative compatibility between regulations in three FTAs and the Vietnamese legal system. Subsequently, there is a need to improve the effective implementation of these commitments by amending the definition of children, working hours, and classifying violations against the law regarding the employment of workers under 16 years old of coercive labor into the group of crimes and criminal liabilities to commercial legal entities.
KEYWORDS: Child Labor, Free Trade Agreements, Vietnam.
Environmental Protection in the Argentinian Supreme Court Case Law
Authors: Arlettaz Fernando 
Published: May 2022

According to Article 41 of the Argentinian Constitution, all inhabitants have a right to environmental protection. Citizens have a right to a healthy and balanced environment, suitable for human development and productive activities to satisfy present needs without compromising those of future generations. The paper aims to analyze the tensions implicit in applying this constitutional norm by the Federal Supreme Court using the methodology of public law and legal theory. Indeed, the constitutional provision is broad, and its interpretation can lead to different solutions in a specific case. There are three main issues of legal interest discussed here. First, there is a delicate balance of protecting the environment against private property and economic activity, which the latter also being assured by the constitution. The point is particularly acute in Argentina, whose economy strongly depends on the primary sector. Second, there are tensions between the political branches (legislative/executive) and the judiciary. Environmental standards established by the judiciary are usually higher than those decided by the legislative branch. However, giving the judges the possibility to determine those standards in the absence of any previous legal norm (or even, sometimes, against that norm) could be a source of legal uncertainty. Finally, due to the federal nature of the Argentinian political system, the distribution of legislative and jurisdictional powers between the federal and local governments is disputed. In this equation, leaning towards the federal government may favor more homogeneity in environmental standards, which would simultaneously reduce local autonomy. This paper shows that the Supreme Court tries to balance different constitutional values in resolving these tensions. The difficulty of finding an adequate constitutional balance is usually added to the legal and factual complexity of environmental issues, and the result is not always completely satisfactory.
KEYWORDS: Argentina, Environmental Protection, Supreme Court Case Law.
Tandem repeats ubiquitously flank and contribute to translation initiation sites
Authors: Maddi Ali M.A. , Kavousi Kaveh , Arabfard Masoud , Ohadi Hamid , Ohadi Mina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: While the evolutionary divergence of cis-regulatory sequences impacts translation initiation sites (TISs), the implication of tandem repeats (TRs) in TIS selection remains elusive for the most part. Hence, here we employed the TIS homology concept to study the co-occurrence patterns of all categories of TRs with TISs. Methods: Human, as reference sequence, and 83 other species were selected, and data was extracted on the entire protein-coding genes (n=1,611,368) and transcripts (n=2,730,515) annotated for those species from Ensembl 102. Two different weighing vectors were employed to assign TIS homology, and the results were assessed in 10-fold validation. Results: On average, every TIS was flanked by 1.19 TRs of various categories within the 120 bp upstream sequence. We detected statistically significant enrichment of non-homologous TISs co-occurring with human-specific TRs. On the contrary, homologous TISs co-occurred significantly with non-human-specific TRs. 2,991 human genes had at least one transcript flanked by a human-specific TR in their upstream flanking region, and nervous system development was the top enriched ontology term across those genes. Text mining of a number of the identified genes such as MYH2, TTN, SLC6A8, CACNA1A, and EIF5AL1 yielded predominant expression and functions in the human brain and skeletal muscle. Conclusion: We conclude that TRs are abundant cis elements in the upstream sequences of TISs across species, and there may be a link between all categories of TRs and TIS selection. The potential biological consequences of this link are discussed in human as the reference sequence in this study.
Inoculation effect of Pseudomonas sp. TF716 on N2O emissions during rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil
Authors: Kim Ji-Yoon , Cho Kyung-Suk S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The demand for rhizoremediation technology that can minimize greenhouse gas emissions while effectively removing pollutants in order to mitigate climate change has increased. The inoculation effect of N2O-reducing Pseudomonas sp. TF716 on N2O emissions and on remediation performance during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or maize (Zea mays) was investigated. Pseudomonas sp. TF716 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tall fescue. The maximum N2O reduction rate of TF716 was 18.9 mmol N2O·g dry cells− 1·h− 1, which is superior to the rates for previously reported Pseudomonas spp. When Pseudomonas sp. TF716 was added to diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue, the soil N2O-reduction potential was 2.88 times higher than that of soil with no inoculation during the initial period (0 − 19 d), and 1.08 − 1.13 times higher thereafter. However, there was no enhancement in the N2O-reduction potential for the soil planted with maize following inoculation with strain TF716. In addition, TF716 inoculation did not significantly affect diesel degradation during rhizoremediation, suggesting that the activity of those microorganisms involved in diesel degradation was unaffected by TF716 treatment. Analysis of the dynamics of the bacterial genera associated with N2O reduction showed that Pseudomonas had the highest relative abundance during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue and treated with strain TF716. Overall, these results suggest that N2O emissions during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil using tall fescue can be reduced with the addition of Pseudomonas sp. TF716.
Smart root foraging strategy guides acclimation of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants to potassium heterogeneity
Authors: Ruan Li , Wang Liyuan , Cheng Hao , Wei Kang , Li Jianwu , Chang Scott X. , Ludewig Uwe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Root foraging enables plants to obtain more soil nutrients in a constantly changing nutrient environment. Little is known about the adaptation mechanism of adventitious roots of plants dominated by asexual reproduction (such as tea plants) to soil potassium heterogeneity.
Methods
We investigated root foraging strategies for K by two tea plant (low-K tolerant genotype “1511” and low-K intolerant genotype “1601”) using a multi-layer split-root system. Root exudates, root architecture and transcriptional responses to K heterogeneity were analyzed by HPLC, WinRHIZO and RNA-seq.
Results
With the higher leaf K concentrations and K biological utilization indexes, “1511” acclimated to K heterogeneity better than “1601”. For “1511”, maximum total root length and fine root length proportion appeared on the K-enriched side; the solubilization of soil K reached the maximum on the low-K side, which was consistent with the amount of organic acids released through root exudation. The cellulose decomposition genes were abundant on the K-enriched side may have promoted root proliferation for “1511”. This did not happen in “1601”.
Conclusions
The low-K tolerant tea genotype “1511” was better acclimating to K heterogeneity, which was due to a smart root foraging strategy: more roots (especially fine roots) were developed in the K-enriched side; more organic acids were secreted in the low-K side to activate soil K and the root proliferation in the K-enriched side might be due to cellulose decomposition. The present research provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the adaptation strategies of clonal woody plants to soil nutrient heterogeneity.
Antibiotic-resistant status and pathogenic clonal complex of canine Streptococcus canis-associated deep pyoderma
Authors: Imanishi Ichiro , Iyori Keita , Také Akira , Asahina Ryota , Tsunoi Manami , Hirano Ryuji , Uchiyama Jumpei , Toyoda Yoichi , Sakaguchi Yoshihiro , Hayashi Shunji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Streptococcus canis causes deep pyoderma in canines, which raises concerns about the risk of isolates from lesions acquiring an antibiotic-resistant phenotype. It is necessary to identify effective antibiotics and the characteristics of the pathogenic cluster for S. canis-associated deep pyoderma.
Results
The signalment, molecular typing, and antibiotic-resistant status of S. canis isolated from deep pyoderma lesions (27 strains) and oral cavities (25 strains) were analyzed. Older dogs tended to have S. canis-associated deep pyoderma (15 of 27 dogs over 10 years old). Veterinarians chose quinolones for 10/16 cases (62.5%), even though the rate of quinolone-resistant strains of S. canis is 38.5–59.6%. Although 71.1% of the strains showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes (37/52), 94.3% (49/52) strains showed sensitivity for penicillins. We also identified β-lactamase activity among penicillin-resistant strains of S. canis. Clonal complex 13 (CC13) was detected only in lesions and formed independent clusters in the phylogenetic tree. One strain of CC13 was resistant to the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drugs, vancomycin and linezolid.
Conclusion
Although antibiotic-resistant strains of S. canis are isolated at a high rate, they can currently be treated with β-lactamase-inhibiting penicillins. CC13 may be a pathogenic cluster with high levels of antibiotics resistance.
Research on acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines biomarkers in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) with clinical endometritis
Authors: El-Deeb Wael , Abdel-Ghani Mohammed , Alhaider Abdulrahman , Fayez Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Uterine diseases are prevalent in she-camel and lead to economic losses because of decreased fertility. The aim of this study is to look into the expression pattern of acute-phase proteins (APPs) and inflammatory cytokines in dromedary camels with clinical endometritis (CE) to highlight their role in immune-pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, to identify the use of these parameters as a complementary tool for CE screening as well as investigate the efficacy of ceftiofur antibiotic. APPs and inflammatory cytokines were estimated in camels with CE. Values of APPs (Hp, SAA, and Fg), pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and ant-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were higher in camels with CE than that of healthy control (P<0.05). The highest correlation was observed between HP and IFN-γ (r = 0.73), and IL-1β and IL-6 (r = 0.73), while the lower correlation was observed between Fg and IFN-γ (r = 0.25). Corynebacterium pyogenes and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were the most common pathogens involved in the etiology of CE. All investigated biomarkers demonstrated a high degree of recognition between CE camel and healthy controls (AUC was > 0.90). A higher proportion of camels with CE that were treated with ceftiofur (90%, P<0.0001) scored clinical cure after the first dose, while 10% required a second dose. In conclusion, CE causes increased APPs and inflammatory cytokines biomarkers indicating a significant acute phase response in diseased camels with CE. These changes in biomarkers could be beneficial for understanding immune-pathogenesis of CE in dromedary camels, clinical practice, and basic clinical research.