bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant and Lindahl*
Authors: Roemer John E. , Silvestre Joaquim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 1896 and 1919, respectively, Wicksell and Lindahl analyzed the public provision of public goods through parliamentary negotiation. Later, Roemer applied Kant's 1785 imperatives to the private provision of public goods by voluntary contributions. Our focal equilibrium notions are the balanced linear cost‐share equilibrium for the Wicksell–Lindahl approach and the multiplicative Kantian equilibrium in the Kant–Roemer modeling. These turn out to be fundamentally equivalent, being defined by the same individual optimization problem. These notions fit well with the idea that technology is publicly owned, but we also extend them to cover private‐ownership economies with exogenously given profit shares. We show that the equivalence between the Wicksell–Lindahl and Kant–Roemer notions carries over to them.
Bile acids regulate the epithelial Na+ channel in native tissues through direct binding at multiple sites
Authors: Wang Xue‐Ping , Tomilin Viktor , Nickerson Andrew J. , Tian Runze , Ertem Merve , McKernan Abagail , Lei Xiaoguang , Pochynyuk Oleh , Kashlan Ossama B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBile acids, originally known to emulsify dietary lipids, are now established signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes. Signalling targets several proteins that include the ion channels involved in regulating intestinal motility and bile viscosity. Studies show that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured cell models and heterologous expression systems. ENaC plays both local and systemic roles in regulating extracellular fluids. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in native tissues. We found that taurocholic acid and taurohyodeoxycholic acid regulated ENaC in both the distal nephron and distal colon. We also tested the hypothesis that regulation occurs through direct binding. Using photoaffinity labelling, we found evidence for specific binding to both the β and γ subunits of the channel. In functional experiments, we found that the α subunit was sufficient for regulation. We also found that regulation by at least one bile acid was voltage‐sensitive, suggesting that one binding site may be closely associated with the pore‐forming helices of the channel. Our data provide evidence that bile acids regulate ENaC by binding to multiple sites to influence the open probability of the channel.
imageKey points
Recent studies have shown that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in vitro. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC in native tissues and whether bile acids directly bind the channel.
We found that bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in the mouse cortical collecting duct and mouse colon by modulating open probability.
Photoaffinity labelling experiments showed specific binding to the β and γ subunits of the channel, while channels comprising only α subunits were sensitive to taurocholic acid in functional experiments using Xenopus oocytes.
Taurocholic acid regulation of ENaC was voltage‐dependent, providing evidence for binding to pore‐forming helices.
Our data indicate that bile acids are ENaC regulatory effectors that may have a role in the physiology and pathophysiology of several systems.
Upside-down vision: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Yap Joshua Anthony 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundReversal of vision metamorphopsia (RVM) is a rarely reported disorder characterised by rotation of vision, 180 degrees in the coronal plane. A systematic review and analysis of all available reports of RVM was undertaken to identify the clinical picture, underlying aetiology and proposed pathophysiology and to define anatomical localisation.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and used Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, Medline, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL databases to search for articles about RVM. The available articles were published from 1974 to 2022. We summarised the evidence, analysed the data and represented anatomical localisation to provide information on the clinical patterns for diagnostics and management.ResultsTwenty-eight articles fulfilled the selection criteria, providing 52 cases of reported RVM. Reports focused on the clinical picture and evaluation of neurological signs and symptoms. The most common underlying aetiology was a posterior circulation stroke or interruption of the vestibular system. In the analysis, we demonstrated statistically significant differences between ischaemic and vestibular aetiology in the duration of episodes (p=0.03, Z=2.13) and vomiting (p=0.02, Z=2.28) subgroups. Insults present on brain imaging have been mapped via two-dimensional graphical representations (n=16).ConclusionsThis review intends to raise awareness of this unusual phenomenon. Swift recognition of this disorder is paramount and appropriate management should be tailored to the individual aetiology. Brain mapping and analysis of cases may elucidate the anatomical localisation of the central integrator of visuospatial orientation. We suggest that sensory information may be synthesised by a multinucleated visuospatial system to form a visual representation of extrapersonal verticality.
Unsteady MHD stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over a spinning sphere with Joule heating
Authors: Mahmood Zafar , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Khan Umar , Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Galal Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2022

Practical Applications: Numerous technical applications, including as polymer deposition, electrolysis control, medication delivery, spin-stabilized missile cooling and cooling of rotating machinery slices have sparked considerable interest in studying stagnation point flow. Nuclear power plants, photovoltaic panels and heat exchangers as well as microfluidic heating devices use them. Purpose: To better understand the unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary hybrid nanofluid stream at the stagnation zone with Joule heating, this research examines the unique prospective applicative properties. Methodology: The flow equations will be modeled. By using similarity transformation, it is possible to transform nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that are not precisely solvable into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be numerically resolved. Runge–Kutta-IV and the shooting technique in MATHEMATICA have been demonstrated to have a significant effect on the predominance of heat exchange and the mobility features of ternary hybrid nanofluids. Findings: Results show that the unsteadiness parameter influences the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity and mono nanofluid has a larger velocity than other nanofluids, while the opposite is true for the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity. Nanoparticle concentrations, magnetic and Eckert number characteristics increase the thermal distribution, whereas the unsteadiness and rotation parameter decreases it. Unsteadiness, rotation and magnetic factors all improve heat transfer, while the Eckert number parameter has the reverse effect. The ternary hybrid nanofluid also has a greater heat transfer rate than the hybrid and normal nanofluids. Originality: Unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary nanofluid stream generated by magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) in the stagnation zone was studied in detail in this study. To avoid any errors in heat transfer, it may assist other researchers in selecting critical parameters for modern industrial heat transfer and the right parameters for developing nonunique solutions.
Substrate Characterization and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Mitral Annular Disjunction
Authors: Ezzeddine Fatima M. , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Giudicessi John , Ackerman Michael J. , Killu Ammar M. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Madhavan Malini , van Zyl Martin , Vaidya Vaibhav R. , Karki Roshan , Tseng Andrew , Munger Thomas M. , McLeod Christopher J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Del-Carpio Munoz Freddy 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) has recently been recognized as an arrhythmogenic entity. Data on the electrophysiological substrate as well as the outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with MAD is limited.

Methods:
Forty patients with MAD (mean age 47±15 years; 70% female) underwent catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias. Detailed clinical, electrocardiographic, cardiac imaging, and procedural data were collected. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients who had substrate modification in the MAD area and those who did not.

Results:

Twenty-three (57.5%) patients had ablation for premature ventricular contractions, 10 (25%) patients for sustained ventricular tachycardia, and 7 (17.5%) patients for premature ventricular contraction-triggered ventricular fibrillation. Mean end-systolic MAD length was 10.58±3.49 mm on transthoracic echocardiography. Seventeen (42.5%) patients had preprocedural cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and 5 (29%) patients had late gadolinium enhancement. Among the 18 (45%) patients who had abnormal local electrograms (low voltage, long-duration, fractionated, isolated mid-diastolic potentials) during electroanatomical mapping, 10 (25%) patients had abnormal electrograms in the anterolateral mitral annulus and/or MAD area. Substrate modification was performed in 10 (25%) patients. Catheter ablation was acutely successful in 36 (90%) patients (elimination of premature ventricular contraction or noninducibility of ventricular tachycardia). After a median follow-up duration of 54.08 (interquartile range, 10.67–89.79) months, premature ventricular contraction burden decreased from a median of 9.75% (interquartile range, 3.25–14) before the ablation to a median of 4% (interquartile range, 1–7.75) after the ablation (
P
=0.03 [95% CI, 0.055–6.5]). Eight (20.5%) patients had repeat ablation for ventricular arrhythmias. Substrate modification of the MAD was associated with a trend toward lower rates of repeat ablation (0% versus 26.7%;
P
=0.16).

Conclusions:
Patients with MAD have a complex arrhythmogenic substrate, and catheter ablation is effective in reducing recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. Substrate mapping and ablation may be considered in these patients.
Pulsed Field Ablation of the Porcine Ventricle Using a Focal Lattice-Tip Catheter
Authors: Kawamura Iwanari , Reddy Vivek Y. , Wang Bingyan J. , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Chaudhry Hina W. , Santos-Gallego Carlos G , Koruth Jacob S. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Our understanding of catheter-based pulsed field ablation (PFA) of the ventricular myocardium is limited. We conducted a series of exploratory evaluations of ventricular PFA in swine ventricles.

Methods:
A focal lattice-tip catheter was used to deliver proprietary biphasic monopolar PFA applications to swine ventricles under general anesthesia, with guidance from electroanatomical mapping, fluoroscopy, and intracardiac echocardiography. We conducted experiments to assess the impact of (1) delivery repetition (2×, 3×, or 4×) at each location, (2) epicardial PFA delivery, and (3) confluent areas of shallow healed endocardial scar created by prior PFA (4 weeks earlier) on subsequent endocardial PFA. Additional assessments included PFA optimized for the ventricle, lesion visualization by intracardiac echocardiography imaging, and immunohistochemical insights.

Results:

Experiment no. 1: lesions (n=49) were larger with delivery repetition of either 4× or 3× versus 2×: length 17.6±3.9 or 14.2±2.0 versus 12.7±2.0 mm (
P
<0.01,
P
=0.22), width 13.4±1.8 or 10.6±1.3 versus 10.5±1.1 mm (
P
<0.01,
P
=1.00), and depth 6.1±2.1 or 5.1±1.3 versus 4.2±1.0 mm (
P
<0.01,
P
=0.21). Experiment no. 2: epicardial lesions (n=18) were reliably created and comparable to endocardial lesions: length 24.6±9.7 mm (n=5), width 15.6±4.6 mm, and depth 4.5±3.7 mm. Experiment no. 3: PFA (n=16) was able to penetrate to a depth of 4.8 (interquartile range, 4.5–5.4) mm in healthy myocardium versus 5.6 (interquartile range, 3.6–6.6) mm in adjacent healed endocardial scar (
P
=0.79), suggesting that superficial scar does not significantly impair PFA. Finally, we demonstrate, PFA optimized for the ventricle yielded adequate lesion dimensions, can result in myocardial activation, can be visualized by intracardiac echocardiography, and have unique immunohistochemical characteristics.

Conclusions:
This in vivo evaluation offers insights into the behavior of endocardial or epicardial PFA delivered using the lattice-tip catheter to normal or scarred porcine ventricular myocardium, thereby setting the stage for future clinical studies.
Racial Disparity in Referral for Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation at a Single Integrated Health System
Authors: Duke Jessica M. , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Song Jing , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Witting Celeste , Khan Sadiya S. , Passman Rod S. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Guidelines recommend catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AFCA) as an option for rhythm control. Studies have shown that Black patients are less likely to undergo AFCA compared with White patients. We investigated whether differences in referral patterns play a role in this observed disparity.

Methods and Results

Using an integrated repository from the electronic medical record at Northwestern Medicine, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of outpatients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Baseline characteristics by race and ethnicity were compared. Logistic regression models adjusted for socioeconomic and health factors were constructed to determine the association between race and ethnicity and binary dependent variables including referrals and visits to general cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology (EP) and AFCA. Of 5445 patients analyzed, 4652 were non‐Hispanic White (NHW) and 793 were non‐Hispanic Black (NHB). In adjusted models, NHB patients initially diagnosed with atrial fibrillation in internal medicine and primary care had a significantly greater odds of referral to general cardiology; among all patients in the cohort, there was no significant difference in the odds of referral to EP between NHB and NHW patients; and there were no differences in the odds of completing a visit in general cardiology or EP. Among patients completing an EP visit, NHB patients were less likely to undergo AFCA (odds ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.40–0.98],
P
=0.040).

Conclusions
Similar referral rates to general cardiology and EP were observed between NHB and NHW patients. Despite this, NHB patients were less likely to undergo AFCA.
Eligibility for Posthospitalization Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M. , Ratz David , McLaughlin Elizabeth S. , Horowitz Jennifer K. , Flanders Scott A. , Middleton Elizabeth A. , Grant Paul J. , Kaatz Scott , Barnes Geoffrey D. 
Published: September 2022

Background
A recent randomized trial, the MICHELLE trial, demonstrated improved posthospital outcomes with a 35‐day course of prophylactic rivaroxaban for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 at high risk of venous thromboembolism. We explored how often these findings may apply to an unselected clinical population of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.

Methods and Results
Using a 35‐hospital retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized between March 7, 2020, and January 23, 2021, with COVID‐19 (MI‐COVID19 database), we quantified the percentage of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 who would be eligible for rivaroxaban at discharge per MICHELLE trial criteria and report clinical event rates. The main clinical outcome was derived from the MICHELLE trial and included a composite of symptomatic venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolus‐related death, nonhemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular death at 35 days. Multiple sensitivity analyses tested different eligibility and exclusion criteria definitions to determine the effect on eligibility for postdischarge anticoagulation prophylaxis. Of 2016 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 who survived to discharge and did not have another indication for anticoagulation, 25.9% (n=523) would be eligible for postdischarge thromboprophylaxis per the MICHELLE trial criteria (range, 2.9%–39.4% on sensitivity analysis). Of the 416 who had discharge anticoagulant data collected, only 13.2% (55/416) were actually prescribed a new anticoagulant at discharge. Of patients eligible for rivaroxaban per the MICHELLE trial, the composite clinical outcome occurred in 1.2% (6/519); similar outcome rates were 5.7% and 0.63% in the MICHELLE trial's control (no anticoagulation) and intervention (rivaroxaban) groups, respectively. Symptomatic venous thromboembolism events and all‐cause mortality were 6.2% (32/519) and 5.66% in the MI‐COVID19 and MICHELLE trial control cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
Across 35 hospitals in Michigan, ≈1 in 4 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 would qualify for posthospital thromboprophylaxis. With only 13% of patients actually receiving postdischarge prophylaxis, there is a potential opportunity for improvement in care.
Theory, Philosophy, Film Studies, and Science: A Response to D. N. Rodowick's Philosophy's Artful Conversation and Murray Smith's Film, Art and the Third Culture
Authors: Turvey Malcolm 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two film theorists, D. N. Rodowick and Murray Smith, have recently addressed the place of the natural sciences in the study of film and art, and they reach diametrically opposed conclusions. Rodowick argues that natural-scientific explanations have little or no role to play in the study of film and art as “cultural practices,” while Smith advocates a “naturalized aesthetics of film,” which he describes as “an approach that … treats [film] as a phenomenon which is likely to be illuminated by various types of scientific as well as traditional humanistic research.”
In this paper, I argue that, while both views contain important insights, they are ultimately mistaken. Rodowick overlooks the important role the natural sciences can play in explaining the perceptual, cognitive, affective, and bodily capacities that shape and constrain our engagement with art as well as the properties of artworks that elicit and inform this engagement. Nevertheless, this does not mean, I maintain, that aesthetics should be naturalized, as Smith believes, given that the types of explanations standardly proffered in film studies and other humanistic disciplines can be autonomous from those of the natural sciences in the sense of being explanatorily self-sufficient.
Zoonotic Undemocracy
Authors: Gerspacher Arnaud 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On a surreal day in August 2019, smoke clouds rising from the burning Amazon plunged Sa?o Paulo into darkness. Pasture-clearing cattle industries in Brazil, largely responsible for these fires, soon became a matter of global concern. A different sort of crisis took hold half year later—the COVID-19 pandemic, which likely originated in a bat. These two events, though seemingly disconnected, involve consuming animal bodies in ways that have compromised planetary habitability—one through deforestation and greenhouse gases, the other through confinement and a novel coronavirus. This essay argues for the urgency of re-thinking politics from a posthumanist perspective, one that considers the impact of environmental harm caused by the uses of nonhuman animals. Democracy is shaped by such eco-political realities, as demonstrated in the multi-species authoritarianism of Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro's “bancadas de bi?blia, bo?i, e bala” (“senate seats filled with bibles, beef, and bullets”).
This essay focuses on Wilson Coutinho's experimental short film Cildo Meireles (1979) as well Meireles art installations that incorporate nonhuman animals. Coutinho and Meireles were prescient in their attention to the role of nonhuman animals within the histories of colonialism/neocolonialism and the immiseration of indigenous communities at the hands of such undemocratic forces as corrupt politicians and ranchers. Their work offers a multi-species analysis of global warming, biodiversity loss, racist food politics, and the incubation of zoonotic illnesses—all of which have led to a withering of democracy within Brazil's borders and beyond.
On Bolivia: A Debt to Beauty
Authors: Cruz Max Jorge Hinderer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After the coup d’état in Bolivia, in November 2019, a presidential decree was passed that potentially criminalized journalists, bloggers, and artists by holding that to the extent their work could be characterized as confusing public opinion it would be considered to constitute a danger to public health. The present text “A Debt to Beauty” offers a brief analysis of the historical relationship between silence and beauty, as well as the ethical dimension of the act of contemplating beauty in a museum—the debt one incurs, as it were, to beauty.
How to Dissect a Muppet: The Structure of Transformer Embedding Spaces
Authors: Mickus Timothee , Paperno Denis , Constant Mathieu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPretrained embeddings based on the Transformer architecture have taken the NLP community by storm. We show that they can mathematically be reframed as a sum of vector factors and showcase how to use this reframing to study the impact of each component. We provide evidence that multi-head attentions and feed-forwards are not equally useful in all downstream applications, as well as a quantitative overview of the effects of finetuning on the overall embedding space. This approach allows us to draw connections to a wide range of previous studies, from vector space anisotropy to attention weights.
Exploring the Expanding Universe of Parliaments
Authors: Konrath Christoph , Kiss Rebeka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Faculty of Public Governance and International Studies of Ludovika – University of Public Service Budapest (UPS) hosted the first Global Conference on Parliamentary Studies in cooperation with the International Journal of Parliamentary Studies on 12-13 May 2022. The conference aimed to break down the clear barriers between political science and law, science and practice, national and international approaches. More than 40 papers by speakers from 15 countries and 4 continents were presented. This included parliaments in the global south and in hybrid regimes. In this article we briefly summarises the main takeaway messages from the conference.
Investigation of inflammation-related parameters in patients with candidemia hospitalized in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tunay Burcu , Aydin Selda 
Published: September 2022

Background Candidemia is the most common invasive fungal disease in intensive care units (ICUs). Objective We aimed to investigate cases of candidemia infection developing in the ICU and factors associated with mortality due to this infection. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study including patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital ICU between January 2012 and December 2020. Patients over 18 years of age who had candida growth in at least one blood culture taken from central or peripheral samples (>48 h after admission to the ICU) without concurrent growth were evaluated. Results The study group consisted of 136 patients with candida. Eighty-seven (63.97%) patients were male, with a median age of 69.5 (59–76.5) years. The 7-day mortality rate was 35.29%, while the 30-day mortality rate was 69.11%. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age and malignancy, high APACHE II score and low platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) - were found to be significant factors in predicting both 7-day and 30-day mortality. Conclusion In this study, PLR and APACHE II scores were shown to be independent predictors of mortality in patients with candidemia in the ICU.