bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical structural variability of diurnal internal tides inside a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy based on single virtual-moored Slocum glider observations
Authors: Lim Gyuchang , Park JongJin 
Published: August 2022

The vertical structural variability of the diurnal internal tide (DIT) with a mode-1 wavelength of ~420 km inside a mesoscale baroclinic anticyclonic eddy was examined based on observations by a single virtual-moored (VM) Slocum glider. During the glider observational period from 10 to 19 September 2018, the eddy traveled northward at approximately 50 km, allowing the glider to scan a cross section of 50 km wide and 800 m deep inside the eddy. VM observations showed that DIT experienced a noticeable vertical structural variability near the eddy center. In a range of 30 km horizontally from the eddy center (inner center), DIT’s vertical displacements were significantly intensified in the 400–800-m depth below the eddy. In the range of 30–50 km from the eddy center (outer center), DIT was almost uniformly distributed from the surface to 800-m depth. Owing to the spatiotemporally restricted dataset by the glider, the significance of DIT’s modulation observed inside the eddy can be questionable. As a result of comparing DIT’s vertical structural variability in two domains in terms of available potential energy (APE) and horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) using CTDs inside the eddy and ADCPs outside the eddy, DIT’s vertical structure inside the eddy was significantly distinguished from that outside the eddy. The relative vorticity inside the eddy was estimated based on the satellite dataset; it was negatively great in the inner center (approximately 0.35 – 0.25f) and small in the outer center (approximately 0.2 – 0.1f). These observational behaviors indicate a close relationship between them; the vorticity-dependent modulation of the DIT seems to be observationally confirmed inside the eddy. Further, in order to examine the energy transferring behavior in low vertical modes, a wavenumber spectral analysis was performed on the DIT displacements and the lowest four wavenumbers, Kz (1) through Kz (4), showed a similar behavior to those observed in DIT’s vertical structural variability inside of the eddy; the relative power of the sum of Kz (2) ~ Kz (4) with respect to Kz (1) was strong in the inner center and weakened in the outer center. These results seem to support that the wave–eddy interaction is non-uniform inside the eddy and partially depends on the relative vorticity.
Metagenomic-based characterization of the gut virome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Huang Liansha , Wu Xiaoling , Guo Shumin , Lv Ying , Zhou Peng , Huang Guangrong , Duan Zuzhen , Sun Wen 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disease that afflicts women of reproductive age, and its pathological mechanism has not been well explained. The gut microbiota is believed to be closely related to the development of PCOS. Although an important component of the gut microbiome, the role of the gut virome in the development of PCOS is still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we profiled and compared the gut viral community of 50 patients with PCOS and 43 healthy women based on the analysis of their fecal whole-metagenome dataset.ResultsThe gut virome of PCOS patients exhibited a significant decrease in within-sample viral diversity and a remarkable alteration of the overall virome composition compared with that of healthy controls. At the family level, Siphoviridae was significantly depleted in the gut virome of patients, while Quimbyviridae was enriched. We identified 1,089 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) that differed in relative abundance between the two groups, of which 455 vOTUs were enriched in PCOS patients (including numerous Bacteroidaceae phages) and 634 were enriched in controls (including numerous viruses predicted to infect Oscillospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae). Functional comparison of the PCOS-enriched and control-enriched vOTUs uncovered the viral functional signatures associated with PCOS. Furthermore, we demonstrated gut viral signatures for disease discrimination and achieved an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.938, demonstrating the potential of the gut virome in the prediction of PCOS.ConclusionOur findings reveal specific alterations in viral diversity and taxonomic and functional compositions of the gut virome of PCOS patients. Further studies on the etiology of PCOS and the gut viral community will offer new prospects for treating and preventing PCOS and its related diseases.
Long-term-video monitoring EEG and 18F-FDG-PET are useful tools to detect residual disease activity in anti-LGI1-Abs encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Cornacchini Sara , Farina Antonio , Contento Margherita , Berti Valentina , Biggi Martina , Barilaro Alessandro , Massacesi Luca , Damato Valentina , Rosati Eleonora 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe use of CD20-depleting monoclonal antibodies has shown to improve the long-term outcome of patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibodies (anti-LGI1-Abs) encephalitis after first-line immunotherapy, but currently predictive markers of treatment response and disease activity are lacking.Case presentationA 75-year-old man presented cognitive impairment and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), with mild abnormalities at electroencephalography (EEG), normal brain magnetic resonance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Anti-LGI1-Abs were detected in serum and CSF, and corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins were administered. Despite partial cognitive improvement, 18F-fluoridesoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) showed the persistence of temporo-mesial hypermetabolism, and FBDS were still detected by long-term monitoring video EEG (LTMV EEG). Rituximab was therefore administered with FBDS disappearance, further cognitive improvement, and resolution of 18F-FDG-PET temporo-mesial hypermetabolism.ConclusionsOur experience supports the use of 18F-FDG-PET and LTMVEEG as useful tools to measure disease activity, evaluate treatment response and guide therapeutic decisions in the long-term management of anti-LGI1-antibody encephalitis.
The effects of robot-assisted gait training combined with non-invasive brain stimulation on lower limb function in patients with stroke and spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kuwahara Wataru , Sasaki Shun , Yamamoto Rieko , Kawakami Michiyuki , Kaneko Fuminari 
Published: August 2022

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) therapy combined with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on lower limb function in patients with stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI).Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched.Study selectionRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) published as of 3 March 2021. RCTs evaluating RAGT combined with NIBS, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), for lower limb function (e.g., Fugl-Meyer assessment for patients with stroke) and activities (i.e., gait velocity) in patients with stroke and SCI were included.Data extractionTwo reviewers independently screened the records, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias.Data synthesisA meta-analysis of five studies (104 participants) and risk of bias were conducted. Pooled estimates demonstrated that RAGT combined with NIBS significantly improved lower limb function [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.99] but not lower limb activities (SMD = −0.13; 95% CI = −0.63–0.38). Subgroup analyses also failed to find a greater improvement in lower limb function of RAGT with tDCS compared to sham stimulation. No significant differences between participant characteristics or types of NIBS were observed.ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that RAGT therapy in combination with NIBS was effective in patients with stroke and SCI. However, a greater improvement in lower limb function and activities were not observed using RAGT with tDCS compared to sham stimulation.
Quantitative proteomics on the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalus in neonatal bacterial meningitis
Authors: Chen Juncao , Huang Weiben , Zhang Hong , Peng Xiangwen , Yang Jun , Yang Yong , Su Jinzhen , Wang Siyao , Zhou Wei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveHydrocephalus in bacterial meningitis (BM) is a devastating infectious neurological disease and the proteins and pathways involved in its pathophysiology are not fully understood.Materials and methodsLabel-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics analyses was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from infants with hydrocephalus and bacterial meningitis (HBM group, N = 8), infants with bacterial meningitis (BM group, N = 9); and healthy infants (N group, N = 11). Bioinformatics analysis was subsequently performed to investigate Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched signaling pathways of these DEPs. Six proteins (AZU1, COX4I1, EDF1, KRT31, MMP12, and PRG2) were selected for further validation via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCompared with BM group and N group, HBM group had a higher whole CSF protein level (5.6 ± 2.7 vs. 1.7 ± 1.0 vs. 1.2 ± 0.5 g/l) and lower whole CSF glucose level (0.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 3.3 ± 0.8 mmol/l) (both P &lt; 0.05). Over 300 DEPs were differentially expressed in HBM group compared with BM group and BM compared with N group, of which 78% were common to both. Cluster analysis indicated that the levels of 226 proteins were increased in BM group compared with N group and were decreased in HBM group compared with BM group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the involvement of the cell adhesion, immune response and extracellular exosome signaling were significantly enriched in HBM compared with BM group and BM compared with N group. 267 DEPs were identified between HBM group with N group, KEGG analysis indicated that DEPs mainly involved in filament cytoskeleton and immune response. The ELISA results further verified that the expression levels of AZU1 were significantly different from among three groups (both P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first reported characterization of quantitative proteomics from the CSF of infants with HBM. Our study also demonstrated that AZU1 could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in bacterial meningitis.
Protective effect of quercetin on cadmium-induced renal apoptosis through cyt-c/caspase-9/caspase-3 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Ruxue , Ding Lulu , Ye Ying , Wang Ke , Yu Wenjing , Yan Bingzhao , Liu Zongping , Wang Jicang 
Published: August 2022

Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, has harmful effects on animal and human health, and it can also obviously induce cell apoptosis. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant and other biological activities. To investigate the protective effect of Que on Cd-induced renal apoptosis in rats. 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. They were treated as follows: control group was administered orally with normal saline (10 ml/kg); Cd group was injected with 2 mg/kg CdCl2 intraperitoneally; Cd + Que group was injected with 2 mg/kg CdCl2 and intragastric administration of Que (100 mg/kg); Que group was administered orally with Que (100 mg/kg). The experimental results showed that the body weight of Cd-exposed rats significantly decreased and the kidney coefficient increased. In addition, Cd significantly increased the contents of Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine and Uric acid. Cd also increased the glutathione and malondialdehyde contents in renal tissues. The pathological section showed that Cd can cause pathological damages such as narrow lumen and renal interstitial congestion. Cd-induced apoptosis of kidney, which could activate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were significantly increased. Conversely, Que significantly reduces kidney damage caused by Cd. Kidney pathological damage was alleviated by Que. Que inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis and decreased Cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 proteins and mRNA expression levels. To sum up, Cd can induce kidney injury and apoptosis of renal cells, while Que can reduce Cd-induced kidney damage by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Que in the prevention and treatment of cadmium poisoning.
The Global Burden of Diseases attributed to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zheng Jia , Wang Jing , Zhang Yan , Xia Jiangliu , Guo Huilan , Hu Haiying , Shan Pengfei , Li Tianlang 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundTo demonstrate the real-word situation of burdens that are attributed to the risk factor of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the global, regional, national levels, among different age groups and between genders.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 related to global deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), summary exposure value (SEV), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and observed to expected ratios (O/E ratios) attributable to high LDL-C from 1990 to 2019.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, the total numbers of deaths and DALYs attributed to high LDL cholesterol were 1.47 and 1.41 times higher than that in 1990. The age-standardized deaths and DALYs rate was 1.45 and 1.70 times in males compared to females, while the age-standardized SEVs rate was 1.10 times in females compared to males. The deaths, DALYs, and SEV rates increased with age. In 2019, the highest age-standardized rates of both deaths and DALYs occurred in Eastern Europe while the lowest occurred in high-income Asia Pacific. High-income North America experienced a dramatic reduction of risk related to high LDL-C. Correlation analysis identified that the age-standardized SEV rate was positively correlated with Socio-demographic Index (SDI; r = 0.7753, P &lt; 0.001). The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized SEV rate decreased in the high SDI and high-middle SDI regions but increased in the middle SDI, low-middle SDI, and low SDI regions. High LDL-C mainly contributed to ischemic heart diseases.ConclusionHigh LDL-C contributed considerably to health burden worldwide. Males suffered worse health outcomes attributed to high LDL-C when compared to females. The burden attributed to high LDL-C increased with age. Lower SDI regions and countries experienced more health problem challenges attributed to high LDL-C as the result of social development and this should be reflected in policymaking.
Transient high latitude geomagnetic response to rapid increases in solar wind dynamic pressure
Authors: Madelaire Michael , Laundal Karl M. , Reistad Jone P. , Hatch Spencer M. , Ohma Anders 
Published: August 2022

Rapid changes in solar wind dynamic pressure can produce a transient geomagnetic response in the high latitude ionosphere. In this study we carry out a superposed epoch analysis of the geomagnetic response based on 2,058 events. The events are divided into 12 groups based on interplanetary magnetic field clock angle and dipole tilt and the magnetic perturbation field is modeled using spherical harmonics. We find that the high latitude transient current vortices associated with a sudden commencement are most clearly observed when the interplanetary magnetic field is northward during equinox and winter in the northern hemisphere. The high latitude geomagnetic response during northward interplanetary magnetic field is decomposed into a preliminary and main impulse. The preliminary impulse onset is 1–2 min prior to the onset of the low/mid latitude geomagnetic response and its rise time is 4–6 min. The main impulse onset is around 2 min after the low/mid latitude geomagnetic response and has a rise time of 6–11 min. When examining the change relative to pre-onset conditions a coherent transient geomagnetic response emerges for all IMF clock and dipole tilt angles. The current vortex associated with the main impulse on the dawnside appears at (9.3 ± 0.5 mlt, 64.8° ± 1.5° mlat) and moves westward with a velocity of 5 ± 1.4 km/s. The vortex on the duskside appears at (15.3 ± 0.9 mlt, 65.8° ± 2.5° mlat) and does not move significantly. In addition, the models were used to recreate the SMR index showing a significant mlt dependence on the magnetic perturbation above 40° mlat and below 10° mlat. The former is thought to be caused by high latitude ionospheric currents. The latter is potentially a combination of the event occurrence probability being skewed toward certain UT ranges for large dipole tilt angles and a UT dependence of the equatorial electrojet magnitude caused by the south atlantic magnetic anomaly.
Inequity in the Distribution of Non-Communicable Disease Multimorbidity in Adults in South Africa: An Analysis of Prevalence and Patterns
Authors: Roomaney R. A. , van Wyk B. , Cois A. , Pillay-van Wyk V. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:The present study examined the prevalence and patterns of non-communicable disease multimorbidity by wealth quintile among adults in South Africa.Methods:The South African National Income Dynamics Study Wave 5 was conducted in 2017 to examine the livelihoods of individuals and households. We analysed data in people aged 15 years and older (N = 27,042), including self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, stroke, heart disease and anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression and latent class analysis were used to analyse factors associated with multimorbidity and common disease patterns.Results:Multimorbidity was present in 2.7% of participants. Multimorbidity was associated with increasing age, belonging to the wealthiest quintile group, increasing body mass index and being a current smoker. Having secondary education was protective against multimorbidity. Three disease classes of multimorbidity were identified: Diabetes and Hypertension; Heart Disease and Hypertension; and Stroke and Hypertension.Conclusion:Urgent reforms are required to improve health systems responsiveness to mitigate inequity in multimorbidity patterns in the adult population of South Africa as a result of income inequality.
Aroma Profile and Biological Effects of Ochradenus arabicus Essential Oils: A Comparative Study of Stem, Flowers, and Leaves
Authors: Ullah Obaid , Shah Muddaser , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Ullah Saeed , Al-Sabahi Jamal Nasser , Alam Tanveer , Khan Ajmal , Khan Nasir Ali , Rafiq Naseem , Bilal Saqib , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

The present analysis explores the chemical constituents and determines the in vitro antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant significance of the essential oils (EOs) of the stem, leaves, and flowers of Ochradenus arabicus for the first time. The EOs of the flowers presented seventy-four constituents contributing to 81.46% of the total EOs, with the major compounds being 24-norursa-3,12-diene (13.06%), 24-norursa-3,12-dien-11-one (6.61%), and 24-noroleana-3,12-diene (6.25%). The stem EOs with sixty-one compounds contributed 95.95% of the total oil, whose main bioactive compounds were (+)-camphene (21.50%), eremophilene (5.87%), and δ-selinene (5.03%), while a minimum of fifty-one compounds in the leaves’ EOs (98.75%) were found, with the main constituents being n-hexadecanoic acid (12.32%), octacosane (8.62%), tetradecanoic acid (8.54%), and prehydro fersenyl acetone (7.27%). The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of O. arabicus stem, leaves, and flowers was assessed against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Penicillium simplicissimum and Rhizoctonia solani) via the disc diffusion assay. However, the EOs extracted from the stem were found effective against one bacterial strain, E. coli, and one fungal strain, R. Solani, among the examined microbes in comparison to the standard and negative control. The tested EOs samples of the O. arabicus stem displayed a maximum potential to cure diabetes with an IC50 = 0.40 ± 0.10 µg/mL, followed by leaves and flowers with an IC50 = 0.71 ± 0.11 µg/mL and IC50 = 10.57 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 377.26 ± 1.20 µg/mL). In addition, the EOs of O. arabicus flowers had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 106.40 ± 0.19 µg/mL) as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 73.20 ± 0.17 µg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In the ABTS assay, the EOs of the same sample (flower) depicted the utmost potential to scavenge the free radicals with an IC50 = 178.0 ± 0.14 µg/mL as compared with the ascorbic acid, having an IC50 of 87.34 ± 0.10 µg/mL the using 2,2-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The EOs of all parts of O. arabicus have useful bioactive components due to which they present antidiabetic and antioxidant significance. Furthermore, additional investigations are considered necessary to expose the responsible components of the examined biological capabilities, which would be effective in the production of innovative drugs.
Sistema de gestión de la investigación de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN) Ecuador.
Authors: Paredes Vasco Norma , Chaparro Martínez Exio , Morales Intriago Juan 
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo se centra en los CRIS (Current Research Information System) o Sistemas de Gestión de la Investigación, especialmente en los de tipo institucional. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis documental sobre los sistemas de gestión de la investigación en varias universidades. La necesidad de este trabajo se fundamenta en profundizar el estudio de los sistemas de gestión de la investigación de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN) a partir de la búsqueda bibliográfica aplicada a los sistemas de biblioteca de la institución como punto de partida. El objetivo principal de este estudio es proponer un sistema para la gestión de la investigación tomando como base trabajos, artículos, que contengan procesos claves y aspectos necesarios para la implementación y/o activación del CRIS de la EPN. La metodología aplicada consiste en una investigación cualitativa y no experimental, para definir criterios, bases y/o políticas que constituyan el enfoque principal de un Sistema de Gestión de la Investigación. Los resultados de la búsqueda y posterior propuesta determinan un eje de enfoque generalizado que incluye al personal académico, administrativo y de apoyo que desarrollen roles dentro del sistema. Como conclusión se marca el camino para proponer un sistema de gestión de la investigación para la EPN con los aspectos, criterios y/o políticas necesarias para organizar la actividad científica institucional, considerando los ejes: principales investigadores, organizaciones, proyectos y resultados de la investigación .