bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe co‐administration of direct‐acting antivirals and direct oral anticoagulants among patients with hepatitis C virus infection: An international multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: McDaniel Kathryn , Utz Alyssa E. , Akbashev Mikhail , Fuller Katherine G. , Boyle Alison , Davidson Katherine , Marra Fiona , Shah Sital , Cartwright Emily J. , Arora Aakriti A. , DuPont Sarah , Miller Lesley S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTreatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) is advantageous over previous treatment options due to high efficacy, short treatment duration, and relatively few drug interactions. Similarly, direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are generally preferred over warfarin for the management of thrombosis and atrial fibrillation due to a favourable safety profile. Direct‐acting antivirals inhibit DOAC transport through P‐glycoprotein inhibition leading to a theoretical increase in bleeding risk. We evaluated the incidence of bleeding in patients who received concurrent DAA and DOAC therapy and stratified the analysis based on the patient's cirrhosis status. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study to evaluate bleeding in patients with HCV and cirrhosis compared to patients with HCV without cirrhosis. Patients receiving at least 1 month of overlapping DAA and DOAC therapy between May 2017 and August 2020 at 11 medical centers in the United Kingdom and three medical centers in the United States were included. Charts were manually reviewed to identify baseline characteristics as well as thromboembolic or bleeding events. Bleeding events were categorized as major bleeding (MB) and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding (CRNMB). Of 204 total patients, 36 patients (18%) had cirrhosis and 168 patients (82%) did not have cirrhosis. The majority of patients were male (79%) and Caucasian (75%). Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (32%) and rivaroxaban (57%) were the most commonly prescribed DAA and DOAC, respectively. Leading indications for anticoagulation included thrombosis (75%) and atrial fibrillation (21%). There were three MB events (1.5%) all of which occurred in patients with additional risk factors (age over 65 and on antiplatelet therapy) and no CRNMB occurred while on DOAC and DAA therapy. Of the three MB, one occurred in a patient with cirrhosis and two in patients without cirrhosis, RR 1.23 (0.56–2.76). In conclusion, in this multicenter cohort study of concurrent DAA and DOAC use, MB was uncommon and there was no CRNMB. There was no significant difference in bleeding events among patients with cirrhosis compared to those without cirrhosis. These findings support the use of DAA among patients requiring DOAC.
Mary Wortley Montagu and the metaphors of journey
Authors: Duran Jane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the work of Cynthia Lowenthal, Barbara Taylor, and others is adduced to support the notion that Lady Mary Wortley Montagu accomplished something remarkably progressive in her Turkish letters and her British “Spectatress” letters; part of the conclusion is that feminist work may proceed by metaphor as well as by argument and debate. Some of the innovation of her work is signaled by her use of comparison and contrast in describing her travels: she does not hesitate to juxtapose unusual items and situations. In addition, Lady Mary's work is briefly contrasted with that of Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft.
To stripe or not to stripe: the origin of a novel foliar pigmentation pattern in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)
Authors: LaFountain Amy M. , McMahon Hayley E. , Reid Noah M. , Yuan Yao‐Wu 
Published: September 2022

Summary

The origin of phenotypic novelty is one of the most challenging problems in evolutionary biology. Although genetic regulatory network rewiring or co‐option has been widely recognised as a major contributor, in most cases how such genetic rewiring/co‐option happens is completely unknown.

We have studied a novel foliar pigmentation pattern that evolved recently in the monkeyflower species Mimulus verbenaceus. Through genome‐wide association tests using wild‐collected samples, experimental crosses of laboratory inbred lines, gene expression analyses, and functional assays, we identified an anthocyanin‐activating R2R3‐MYB gene, STRIPY, as the causal gene triggering the emergence of the discrete, mediolateral anthocyanin stripe in the M. verbenaceus leaf.

Chemical mutagenesis revealed the existence of upstream activators and repressors that form a ‘hidden’ prepattern along the leaf proximodistal axis, potentiating the unique expression pattern of STRIPY. Population genomics analyses did not reveal signatures of positive selection, indicating that nonadaptive processes may be responsible for the establishment of this novel trait in the wild.

This study demonstrates that the origin of phenotypic novelty requires at least two separate phases, potentiation and actualisation. The foliar stripe pattern of M. verbenaceus provides an excellent platform to probe the molecular details of both processes in future studies.
Systemic control of plant regeneration and wound repair
Authors: Omary Moutasem , Matosevich Rotem , Efroni Idan 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPlants have a broad capacity to regenerate damaged organs. The study of wounding in multiple developmental systems has uncovered many of the molecular properties underlying plants' competence for regeneration at the local cellular level. However, in nature, wounding is rarely localized to one place, and plants need to coordinate regeneration responses at multiple tissues with environmental conditions and their physiological state. Here, we review the evidence for systemic signals that regulate regeneration on a plant‐wide level. We focus on the role of auxin and sugars as short‑ and long‐range signals in natural wounding contexts and discuss the varied origin of these signals in different regeneration scenarios. Together, this evidence calls for a broader, system‐wide view of plant regeneration competence.
Osa‐miR160a confers broad‐spectrum resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice
Authors: Feng Qin , Wang He , Yang Xue‐Mei , Hu Zhang‐Wei , Zhou Xin‐Hui , Xiang Ling , Xiong Xiao‐Yu , He Xiao‐Rong , Zhu Yong , Li Guo‐Bang , Zhao Jing‐Hao , Ji Yun‐Peng , Hu Xiao‐Hong , Pu Mei , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Huang Yan‐Yan , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming , Li Yan 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Rice production is threatened by multiple pathogens. Breeding cultivars with broad‐spectrum disease resistance is necessary to maintain and improve crop production. Previously we found that overexpression of miR160a enhanced rice blast disease resistance. However, it is unclear whether miR160a also regulates resistance against other pathogens, and what the downstream signaling pathways are.

Here, we demonstrate that miR160a positively regulates broad‐spectrum resistance against the causative agents of blast, leaf blight and sheath blight in rice. Mutations of miR160a‐targeted Auxin Response Factors result in different alteration of resistance conferred by miR160a. miR160a enhances disease resistance partially by suppressing ARF8, as mutation of ARF8 in MIM160 background partially restores the compromised resistance resulting from MIM160.

ARF8 protein binds directly to the promoter and suppresses the expression of WRKY45, which acts as a positive regulator of rice immunity. Mutation of WRKY45 compromises the enhanced blast resistance and bacterial leaf blight resistance conferred by arf8 mutant.

Overall, our results reveal that a microRNA coordinates rice broad‐spectrum disease resistance by suppressing multiple target genes that play different roles in disease resistance, and uncover a new regulatory pathway mediated by the miR160a‐ARF8 module. These findings provide new resources to potentially improve disease resistance for breeding in rice.
Minimally Invasive Full‐endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy: Introducing a Simple and Useful Localization Technique of the “V” Point
Authors: Zhong Guibin , Feng Fan , Su Xinjin , Chen Xiuyuan , Zhao Junduo , Shen Hongxing , Chen Jianwei , Lao Lifeng 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveConventional localization technique of V point for full‐endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy and discectomy (FPCD) required repeated fluoroscopies, especially in patients with short and thick necks. To address this issue, the present study aimed to introduce a new localization technique of V point, and further evaluate its efficacy.MethodsA K‐wire was inserted and fixed at the pedicle eye under A/P fluoroscopy, then a working channel was established quickly along with it. Thirty‐four patients who underwent minimally invasive FPCD assisted by the new technique were included in this study. The clinical and radiological data were collected and analyzed, including radiation dose, operative time, positioning time, visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, neck disability index (NDI) scores, Cobb angle of operative level and range of motion of the cervical spine.ResultsAll operations were performed successfully, and no iatrogenic nerve or vascular injury occurred. None of the patients needed to be transferred to open surgery or revision surgery. The mean radiation dose was found to be1.68 ± 0.36 mSv. The mean positioning time observed was 10.68 ± 5.42 min and the average operation time was 81.18 ± 10.87 min. The operation time significantly declined as the number of patients increased. A significant difference in operation time between the first (96.22 ± 10.36 min) and last quartile (75.00 ± 3.84 min) of cases was observed (t = 4.82, P < 0.001). The VAS scores for neck and arm pain, and NDI scores were significantly improved after surgery (PVAS−Neck<0.0001, PVAS−Arm<0.0001, PNDI<0.0001). Based on MacNab criteria, the excellent plus good rate was 91.17%. The Cobb angle of operative level and range of motion of the cervical spine were significantly improved postoperatively (t = 2.846, POA = 0.015; t = 2.232, PROM−CA = 0.026).ConclusionThe new image‐assisted V point localization technique is simple and useful with little radiation exposure and short positioning time. FPCD assisted by the new technique could be a safe and effective alternative on properly selected patients.
Distal Humerus Morphological Analysis of Chinese Individuals: A Statistical Shape Modeling Approach
Authors: Zhao Wei , Guo Yao , Xu Chuangye , Pei Guoxian , Basnet Shiva , Pei Yanjun , Su Xiuyun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveA detailed analysis of the morphology of distal humeral articulation can help in the creation of anatomic prostheses of hemiarthroplasty. This study used statistical shape modeling to evaluate the 3D morphology of the distal humerus in healthy Chinese individuals and to investigate the proper articular morphology differences.MethodsA statistical shape model (SSM) of the distal humerus was created using CT scans of 106 survey‐confirmed nonpathologic elbows. In addition, the articular components of each principal component (PC) were selected and fitted on the mean mode. The Euclidean point‐to‐mesh distance of articular modes was calculated as a measurement the proper change in the morphology of the articulation.ResultsThe first seven PCs jointly accounted for 80.9% of the total variation (44.4%, 12.2%, 7.9%, 5.9%, 4.1%, 3.4% and 3%, respectively). In the mean model, the distance between the medial and lateral epicondyles was 57.4 mm, the width of the articulation was 42.1 mm, and the angle of the transepicondylar line (TEL) and C line was 4.8°. The articular surface differences of the first PC were significant (RMS: 1.43 mm in the −3 SD model and 2.38 mm in the +3 SD model), whereas under other conditions, the differences were not remarkable despite the maximum deformation not exceeding 1 mm.ConclusionA novel method (SSM) was used to evaluate the 3D morphology of the distal humerus in healthy Chinese individuals and investigate the proper articular shape differences. We found the proper shape of articular surface basically transformed into one variation pattern which was relevant to the bone size, even though the morphology of distal humerus possessed complicated variation modes. The findings of this study can be helpful to design the next generation of elbow hemiarthroplasty in the future.
A pragmatic approach to infant feeding for food allergy prevention
Authors: McWilliam Vicki , Venter Carina , Greenhawt Matthew , Perrett Kirsten P. , Tang Mimi L. K. , Koplin Jennifer J. , Peters Rachel L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly introduction of allergenic foods into an infant's diet is currently the most promising strategy to prevent food allergy, with infant guidelines around the world shifting from promoting avoidance to actively encourage the introduction of allergenic foods in the infant diet. Infant feeding guidelines vary according to regional public health priorities, and knowledge gaps remain, resulting in ongoing challenges for clinicians and families to translate guidelines into practical strategies for the introduction of complementary foods for food allergy prevention. Evidence from Australia demonstrates high community support and uptake of revised guidelines with most parents introducing allergenic foods in the first year of life, although this has not had the expected impact on substantially reducing food allergy prevalence. To uptake of guidelines from other countries is less clear, and several barriers have been noted in infant feeding RCTs, which may warrant intervention strategies. Further research is needed to understand additional strategies for food allergy prevention, particularly in infants who develop food allergy prior to when they are developmentally ready to commence solids. Several RCTs are underway investigating preventative strategies that target the window before allergen ingestion, such as vitamin D supplementation, emollient use, and immunizations that prime the immune response away from a Th2‐driven allergic phenotype. Further research is also needed to understand the role of the environment and the host environment in the development of tolerance to foods.
Electronic Characterization of Vis–NIR Absorbing Noninnocent Ruthenium Oxyquinolate–merocyanine Complexes and their Photoacoustic Emission in Aqueous Micellar Solution†
Authors: Catsoulis Peter , Wang Shengwei , Yelleswarapu Chandra , Rochford Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electronic and photophysical properties for a series of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl dyes are presented where a π‐accepting 5‐(vinyl‐cyanine)‐8‐oxyquinolate class of ligand is incorporated to yield an improved vis–NIR absorption. A combination of computational, UV–vis–NIR absorption, phosphorescence emission and cyclic voltammetry studies are used to probe the influence of these ligands on complex electronic and photophysical properties. To assess their potential as vis–NIR photoacoustic contrast agents, select complexes were formulated in a PBS buffer/Tween® 20 solvent system. The p‐quinolin‐1‐ium, 1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium and 1,1,3‐trimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐3‐ium acceptor groups each impart a strong 680 nm optical absorption and photoacoustic emission on par with the performance exhibited by both the methylene blue and cryptocyanine commercial dyes.
Does federal flood hazard mitigation assistance affect community rating system participation?
Authors: Frimpong Eugene , Reilly Allison C. , Niemeier Deb 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the inexorable march of climate change, increased flooding is inevitable. Understanding the feedback between federal flood mitigation policies and the ways in which local governments build flood resilience is a significant gap in the literature. In particular, the effect that federal flood mitigation grants have on the intensity of local flood mitigation is nonexistent. This work measures flood risk mitigation by using the level of participation in FEMA's Community Rating System (CRS). Communities that participate in the CRS and undertake mitigation are awarded points; more points imply a higher level of participation. Since its inception in 1990, CRS communities have received considerably more federal pre‐disaster flood mitigation grants compared to non‐CRS communities. This study assesses the effect of federal pre‐disaster flood mitigation grants on the level of participation in the CRS program. We use data on Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs and CRS participation data between 2010 and 2015. We link these data to flood risk and socioeconomic information. Our results indicate (i) federal pre‐disaster flood mitigation grants do not appear to significantly influence the level of CRS participation, (ii) the effect of flood risk and socioeconomic factors on the level of CRS participation are mixed, and (iii) the current level of CRS participation is influenced by the previous level of CRS participation, which is not tied to federal pre‐disaster flood mitigation grant. These findings add to the growing discussions on the drivers and barriers of local flood risk mitigation.
Genetic background of anti‐Xga producers in Japanese blood donors
Authors: Watanabe‐Okochi Naoko , Uchikawa Makoto , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Ogasawara Kenichi , Shiraishi Risako , Masuno Atsuko , Onodera Takayuki , Tsuno Nelson‐Hirokazu , Muroi Kazuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Xg blood group is composed of two antigens, Xga (XG1) and CD99 (XG2 and MIC2). The XG and CD99 are homologous genes located on pseudoautosomal region 1 of the X and Y chromosomes. The expressions of Xga and CD99 are co‐regulated by a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs311103) in the GATA‐1 binding region. Another mechanism of the Xg(a−) phenotype is the genomic deletion of approximately 114 kb, including the XG gene. Anti‐Xga seems to be naturally occurring by detection in males who have never been transfused.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we identified 23 anti‐Xga producers among 580,115 donors (0.004%). Additional 12 anti‐Xga producers were also identified from a separate cohort.ResultsAll 35 anti‐Xga producers were male. Genomic DNA was obtained from 34 of 35 producers, and all 34 producers were confirmed to carry the XG‐gene‐deficient allele (XGdel). The breakpoints of all 34 producers were identical. The XGdel was also identified in 12 non‐producers of anti‐Xga among 860 donors who have no antibodies against RBCs, and the breakpoints were also identical with the anti‐Xga producers.ConclusionOur results will serve as the basis for a more complete understanding of Xg blood group polymorphisms.
Modeling, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Bifurcation Analysis of the Rotor–Seal System Using a Subharmonic Sampling Strategy
Authors: Vashisht Rajiv Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rotors are used to transfer power from one component to the other component in various rotor dynamics applications like steam turbines, aerospace systems, and power generators. In certain applications, the seal is an important and inevitable component of the rotor dynamic system. The linear dynamics of the rotor is converted into nonlinear in the presence of a seal. The presence of a seal, can sometimes, trigger self-excited vibrations in rotor/seal systems. Generally, the amplitude of vibration during such vibrations is several times higher than normal steady-state vibrations. Due to this, other faults like transverse crack initialization and rotor/stator rub get accelerated. The rotating machinery working at high spinning speeds is more prone to this type of instability. Hence, the stability limits of the rotor/seal system must be known in advance for the safe operation of the rotating machinery. The dynamic behavior of such a system qualitatively varies corresponding to different system parameters of the rotating machinery. Cumbersome analytical methods have been used in the past for bifurcation analysis of rotor/seal systems. In the present work, system bifurcations have been investigated using a subharmonic sampling rate strategy. The proposed method is easy to implement and numerically efficient. The effect of various parameters like the spinning speed of the rotor, unstable mass, and seal clearance is investigated for the stability of the rotor/seal system. Experimental testing is done to verify the simulation results.
The Effect of Self-Rewetting Fluids and Surface Wettability Modification on the Thermal Performance of a Two-Phase Flat-Shaped Thermosyphon
Authors: Kalantarpour Raha , Vafai Kambiz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two-phase flat-shaped thermosyphons have been studied to optimize their thermal performance and reduce the hot spot temperature. A two-dimensional model was employed to observe the evaporation and condensation process in the thermosyphon. Simulating the phase change process was achieved through an in-house user-defined function (UDF), which obtains mass and energy source terms, added to ansysfluent code. Utilizing 1-Buthanol aqueous solution instead of water as the working fluid induces a Marangoni flow to a hotter region and prevents the dry-out phenomenon in the evaporator section. Also, employing a super hydrophilic evaporator makes the liquid spread on the evaporator more evenly, and hinders drying out. Using a super hydrophobic condenser accelerates the detachment of the condensed liquid from the condenser and reduces the accumulation of liquid on the condenser. Furthermore, it accelerates the return of the liquid to the evaporator section to recharge the liquid and prevent the dry-out phenomenon. It has been observed that by using the 1-Buthaol solution, the condensed liquid is more likely to fall back on the center part of the evaporator, which has the highest temperature. Altering the working fluid to 1-Buthanol aqueous solution yields a temperature drop of 10 K for the maximum temperature for a 100 W heat input. The temperature drop increased to 39 K by utilizing a super hydrophobic condenser and super hydrophilic evaporator instead of a bare copper. It has been observed that increasing the filling ratio in the thermosyphon increases the thermal inertia and reduces the hot spot temperature.
Outcomes of incoming and outgoing second opinions from a UK liver transplant centre
Authors: Parente Alessandro , Boyd Alexander , Mahgoub Sara , Morris Sean , Webb Kerry , Neuberger James , Armstrong Matthew J , Rajoriya Neil 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveSecond transplant centre opinions (STCOs) for patients declined for liver transplantation are infrequent. We aimed to identify STCOs outcomes from a tertiary transplant centre.DesignReferrals between 2012 and 2020 to Birmingham Unit were reviewed. Incoming: all referrals from out-of-region centres were collated. Outgoing: patients not listed in Birmingham were reviewed to identify referrals for STCOs to the other UK centres (A–F).Results2535 patients were assessed for liver transplantation during the study period. Incoming: among 1751 referrals, 23 STCOs (17 unit A, 3 unit B, 1 unit C, 1 unit D and 1 unit E) were provided by Birmingham. Of the STCOs, 13/23 (57%) patients remained unsuitable for transplantation. Therefore, 10/23 (43%) underwent a second liver transplant assessment, of whom five (50%) were still deemed unsuitable, three (30%) listed (one transplanted) and two (20%) died preassessment. Outgoing: among 426 patients not listed, eight (1.8%) patients were referred for STCO (4 unit E, 2 unit B, 1 unit D, 1 unit A). Three (38%) were listed, two (25%) were assessed and declined, two (25%) were unsuitable for assessment and one (12.5%) died while waiting. Combining incoming and outgoing Birmingham STCOs (n=31), six (19%) of STCOs were listed in a second centre.ConclusionSecond transplant centre opinions are rare with the majority still deemed unsuitable for liver transplantation. This highlights potential resource implications especially when undergoing a full second formal assessment. A streamlined STCO process with sharing of investigations and use of telemedicine in appropriate patients may allow for greater transparency, quicker decision making and less use of labour-intensive resources.