bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of annual groundwater changes from InSAR‐derived land subsidence
Authors: Ali Muhammad Zeeshan , Chu Hone‐Jay , Tatas  , Burbey Thomas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the extent and quantity of groundwater drawdown is critical for developing a mitigation strategy for water management. This study illustrates that the data‐driven model can be used for the spatial estimation of groundwater drawdown using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)‐based deformation data. Here, InSAR derived from Sentinel‐1 imagery is used to estimate surface deformations in the Choshui river alluvial fan, Taiwan, between 2016 and 2018. Spatial regression (SR) is applied to estimate the annual groundwater drawdown with a calculated R‐square of 0.96, which is shown to be superior to a nonspatial model. This study demonstrates the potential of the satellite‐based groundwater drawdown map prediction using InSAR‐derived land deformation. In predication, the SR model can reliably catch the patterns of annual predicted drawdown without requiring detailed groundwater observations.
On the Influence of Ball Milling Time on the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of (Sn71Co29)50C50 wt% Anodes for Li-Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Srinivas M. , Srinivas Kumar A. , Neelakantan Lakshman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ball milled SnCoC composites are an attractive commercial anode material to conventional graphite due to their higher specific capacity and low temperature performance. The effect of ball milling time on the structure and electrochemical properties of the (Sn71Co29)50C50 wt% composite anodes are studied to understand the reasons for the non-realization of the theoretical capacity. Structural analysis reveals the damage of graphite structure with increasing ball milling time from 10 h to 60 h. The cyclic voltammetry and differential capacity measurements indicate the decreasing contribution to capacity from graphite and increasing contribution from Sn with increase in the milling time. The charge-discharge cycling of the anodes at different C rates indicates that though the specific capacity does not improve with longer milling time, the rate capability improves significantly. The damage in the graphite structure during high energy ball milling is found to reduce the capacity of the SnCoC anodes. Based on the investigations, it can be concluded that 10 h of milling time is optimum to realize high specific capacity, whereas longer durations of milling are desirable for high rate discharge characteristics.
Analysis and Application of a New Hybrid Drill Bit for Use in Hard Rocks
Authors: Chengcheng Niu , Chuanliang Yan , Deshuai Zheng , Xutian Hou , Yang Li , Hui Zhang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit has advantages, such as a fast drilling rate and long drilling footage, but its abrasive resistance is low. Although an impregnated diamond bit has a high abrasive resistance, the corresponding rate of penetration (ROP) is low. In view of the difficulties of rock breaking in hard rocks and the characteristics of each cutter type, it is necessary to design a new hybrid drill bit with multiple cutting functions. Through laboratory experimentation and analysis, this study investigated a conical PDC cutter with a strong penetration capacity, abrasive resistance, and impact resistance, and developed a new diamond-impregnated block embedded with natural diamonds, with consideration of its matrix formulation and diamond grades, sizes, and concentrations. Moreover, this research optimized the crown shape, blades, cutters’ position, and number with a reinforced hydraulic structure. The combination of three cutters with different structures enables the drill bit to adapt to drilling in hard rocks and greatly improves the rock-breaking efficiency and service life of the drill bit. The drilling test was conducted of the well Jingu 1-1HF in the Jinshan gas field and drill bit demonstrated excellent performance.
Modified Duke/European Society of Cardiology 2015 clinical criteria for infective endocarditis: time for an update?
Authors: Pecoraro Alfonso Jan Kemp , Herbst Philipus George , Pienaar Colette , Taljaard Jantjie , Prozesky Hans , Janson Jacques , Doubell Anton Frans 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on the modified Duke/European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2015 clinical criteria. The sensitivity of the criteria is unknown in South Africa, but high rates of blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNIE), coupled with a change in the clinical features of IE, may limit the sensitivity.MethodsThe Tygerberg Endocarditis Cohort study prospectively enrolled patients with IE between November 2019 and June 2021. A standardised protocol for organism detection, with management of patients by an Endocarditis Team, was employed. Patients with definite IE by pathological criteria were analysed to determine the sensitivity of the current clinical criteria.ResultsEighty consecutive patients with IE were included of which 45 (56.3%) had definite IE by pathological criteria. In patients with definite IE by pathological criteria, 26/45 (57.8%) of patients were classified as definite IE by clinical criteria. BCNIE was present in 25/45 (55.6%) of patients and less than three minor clinical criteria were present in 32/45 (75.6%) of patients. The elevation ofBartonellaserology to a major microbiological criterion of the modified Duke/ESC 2015 clinical criteria would increase the sensitivity (57.8% vs 77.8%; p=0.07).ConclusionThe sensitivity of the modified Duke/ESC 2015 clinical criteria is lower than expected in patients with IE in South Africa, primarily due to the high rates ofBartonella-associated BCNIE. The elevation ofBartonellaserology to a major microbiological criterion, similar to the status ofCoxiella burnetiiin the current criteria, would increase the sensitivity. The majority of patients with definite IE by pathological criteria had less than three minor criteria present.
Statins are associated with a large reduction in all-cause mortality in women from a cardiac outpatient population
Authors: Bots Sophie H , Onland-Moret N Charlotte , Jancev Milena , Hollander Monika , Tulevski Igor I , Hofstra Leonard , Somsen G Aernoud , den Ruijter Hester M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesUncertainty about the benefit of (high-intensity) statins for women remains due to under-representation of women in primary prevention trials and scarcity of sex-stratified data. This study evaluates the sex-specific relation between statin treatment and survival and the additional benefit of high-intensity statins.MethodsElectronic health record data from 47 801 patients (17 008 statin users and 30 793 non-users) without prior cardiovascular disease were extracted from thirteen Dutch outpatient cardiology clinics. Patients prescribed statins at baseline were propensity-score matched to those eligible for statin therapy (low-density lipoprotein >2.5 mmol/L) without a statin prescription. Statins were divided into low-intensity and high-intensity according to Dutch guidelines. Mortality data were obtained via linkage to the national mortality registry. Cox regression was used to evaluate the relationship between statin prescription and intensity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsPropensity score matching created a cohort of 8631 statin users and 8631 non-users. 35% of women and 28% of men received a low-intensity statin. The beneficial effect of statins on both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was stronger in women (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.74 and HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.71, respectively) than in men (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.95 and HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.08, respectively). High-intensity statins conferred modest protection against all-cause mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98) in both sexes.ConclusionsThe protective effect of primary prevention statins was stronger in women than men for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. High-intensity statins conferred a modest additional benefit in both sexes. Statins seem to be effective regardless of treatment intensity, especially in women.
Mindfulness-based intervention in patients with persistent pain in chest (MIPIC) of non-cardiac cause: a feasibility randomised control study
Authors: Mittal Tarun Kumar , Evans Emma , Pottle Alison , Lambropoulos Costas , Morris Charlotte , Surawy Christina , Chuter Antony , Cox Felicia , de Silva Ranil , Mason Mark , Banya Winston , Thakrar Diviash , Tyrer Peter 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe study evaluated the feasibility of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with non-cardiac chest pain by assessing their willingness to participate and adhere to the programme, and for these data to help further refine the content of MBCT for chest pain.Patients and methodsThis prospective 2:1 randomised controlled trial compared the intervention of adapted MBCT as an addition to usual care with just usual care in controls. Among 573 patients who attended the rapid access chest pain clinic over the previous 12 months and were not diagnosed with a cardiac cause but had persistent chest pain were invited. The intervention was a 2-hour, weekly, online guided 8-week MBCT course. Compliance with attendance and the home practice was recorded. Enrolled patients completed the Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and Euro Quality of Life–5 Dimensions–5 Level at baseline assessment and after 8-week period.ResultsPersistent chest pain was reported by 114 patients. Of these, 33 (29%) patients with a mean age of 54.2 (±12.2) years and 68% women, consented to the study. Baseline questionnaires revealed mild physical limitation (mean SAQ, 76.8±25), high levels of anxiety (76%) and depression (53%), modest cardiac anxiety (CAQ,1.78±0.61) and mindfulness score (FFMQ, 45.5±7.3). Six patients subsequently withdrew due to bereavement, caring responsibilities and ill health. Of the remaining 27 participants, 18 in the intervention arm attended an average of 5 sessions with 61% attending ≥6 sessions. Although not statistically powered, the study revealed a significant reduction in general anxiety, improved mindfulness and a trend towards improvement in SAQ scores in the intervention arm.ConclusionOne-third of patients with persistent non-cardiac chest pain were willing to participate in mindfulness-based therapy. An improvement in anxiety and mindfulness was detected in this feasibility study. A larger trial is required to demonstrate improvement in chest pain symptoms.
Use of lipid-lowering therapy after ischaemic stroke and expected benefit from intensification of treatment
Authors: Gynnild Mari Nordbø , Hageman Steven H J , Spigset Olav , Lydersen Stian , Saltvedt Ingvild , Dorresteijn Jannick A N , Visseren Frank L J , Ellekjær Hanne 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesElevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We examined use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) following ischaemic stroke, and estimated benefits from guideline-based up-titration of LLT.MethodsThe Norwegian COgnitive Impairment After STroke (Nor-COAST) study, a multicentre prospective cohort study, collected data on LLT use, dose intensity and LDL-C levels for 462 home-dwelling patients with ischaemic stroke. We used the Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease-Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (SMART-REACH) model to estimate the expected benefit of up-titrating LLT.ResultsAt discharge, 92% received LLT (97% statin monotherapy). Patients with prestroke dementia and cardioembolic stroke aetiology were less likely to receive LLT. Older patients (coefficient −3 mg atorvastatin per 10 years, 95% CI −6 to −0.5) and women (coefficient −5.1 mg atorvastatin, 95% CI −9.2 to −0.9) received lower doses, while individuals with higher baseline LDL-C, ischaemic heart disease and large artery stroke aetiology received higher dose intensity. At 3 months, 45% reached LDL-C ≤1.8 mmol/L, and we estimated that 81% could potentially reach the target with statin and ezetimibe, resulting in median 5 (IQR 0–12) months of CVD-free life gain and median 2% 10-year absolute risk reduction (IQR 0–4) with large interindividual variation.ConclusionPotential for optimisation of conventional LLT use exists in patients with ischaemic stroke. Awareness of groups at risk of undertreatment and objective estimates of the individual patient’s benefit of intensification can help personalise treatment decisions and reduce residual cholesterol risk.Trial registration numberNCT02650531.
Climate data for field trials: onsite micro stations versus ClimateNA
Authors: Ye Zhengyang , O'Neill Gregory A. , Wang Tongli 
Published: May 2022

Ecological studies in diverse environmental fields require accurate climate data for point locations that are often distant from reliable public weather stations. “Onsite” micro weather stations can be established directly at research locations, but purchase, establishment, and maintenance costs and data gaps can limit their feasibility. Alternatively, climate data for point locations can be predicted from ClimateNA, a publicly available software package, but the prediction accuracy in remote and mountainous locations is uncertain. We compared ClimateNA predictions with observations from onsite weather stations located at 11 interior spruce provenance trials in British Columbia, Canada. We found that ClimateNA predictions were highly accurate for temperature variables but moderate for precipitation variables when compared with onsite weather data. Growth response functions developed with the two data sources showed similar shapes for temperature variables. Our results suggest that (1) temperature variables can be accurately predicted at remote and mountainous locations using ClimateNA; (2) precipitation variables are more accurately predicted with ClimateNA than with onsite weather stations, which are considerably affected by random factors; and (3) response functions provide an effective, independent tool to assess alternative sources of climate data. Our results recommend the use of ClimateNA over onsite weather stations, except where highly accurate precipitation data are required, in which case, high-quality onsite weather stations must be established and carefully maintained.
Long-Term Outcomes among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Acute Leukemia: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis
Authors: Berkman Amy M. , Andersen Clark R. , Cuglievan Branko , McCall David C. , Lupo Philip J. , Parsons Susan K. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Kadia Tapan M. , Livingston J.A. , Roth Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:There is a growing population of adolescent and young adult (AYA, age 15–39 years) acute leukemia survivors in whom long-term mortality outcomes are largely unknown.Methods:The current study utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to assess long-term outcomes of AYA acute leukemia 5-year survivors. The impact of diagnosis age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and decade of diagnosis on long-term survival were assessed utilizing an accelerated failure time model.Results:A total of 1,938 AYA acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 2,350 AYA acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survivors diagnosed between 1980 and 2009 were included with a median follow-up of 12.3 and 12.7 years, respectively. Ten-year survival for ALL and AML survivors was 87% and 89%, respectively, and 99% for the general population. Survival for AYA leukemia survivors remained below that of the age-adjusted general population at up to 30 years of follow-up. Primary cancer mortality was the most common cause of death in early survivorship with noncancer causes of death becoming more prevalent in later decades of follow-up. Male AML survivors had significantly worse survival than females (survival time ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.82).Conclusions:AYA leukemia survivors have higher mortality rates than the general population that persist for decades after diagnosis.Impact:While there have been improvements in late mortality, long-term survival for AYA leukemia survivors remains below that of the general population. Studies investigating risk factors for mortality and disparities in late effects among long-term AYA leukemia survivors are needed.
Epigenetic Repression of STING by MYC Promotes Immune Evasion and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Kyung-min , Lin Chang-Ching , Servetto Alberto , Bae Joonbeom , Kandagatla Vishal , Ye Dan , Kim GunMin , Sudhan Dhivya R. , Mendiratta Saurabh , González Ericsson Paula I. , Balko Justin M. , Lee Jeon , Barnes Spencer , Malladi Venkat S. , Tabrizi Siamak , Reddy Sangeetha M. , Yum Seoyun , Chang Ching-Wei , Hutchinson Katherine E. , Yost Susan E. , Yuan Yuan , Chen Zhijian J. , Fu Yang-Xin , Hanker Ariella B. , Arteaga Carlos L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The MYC oncogene is frequently amplified in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that MYC suppression induces immune-related hallmark gene set expression and tumor-infiltrating T cells in MYC-hyperactivated TNBCs. Mechanistically, MYC repressed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression via direct binding to the STING1 enhancer region, resulting in downregulation of the T-cell chemokines CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11. In primary and metastatic TNBC cohorts, tumors with high MYC expression or activity exhibited low STING expression. Using a CRISPR-mediated enhancer perturbation approach, we demonstrated that MYC-driven immune evasion is mediated by STING repression. STING repression induced resistance to PD-L1 blockade in mouse models of TNBC. Finally, a small-molecule inhibitor of MYC combined with PD-L1 blockade elicited a durable response in immune-cold TNBC with high MYC expression, suggesting a strategy to restore PD-L1 inhibitor sensitivity in MYC-overexpressing TNBC.
Relation of Household Income to Access and Adherence to Combination Sacubitril/Valsartan in Heart Failure: A Retrospective Analysis of Commercially Insured Patients
Authors: Johnson Amber E. , Swabe Gretchen M. , Addison Daniel , Essien Utibe R. , Breathett Khadijah , Brewer LaPrincess C. , Mazimba Sula , Mohammed Selma F. , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are influenced by access and adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy. Our objective was to study the association between annual household income and: (1) the odds of having a claim for sacubitril/valsartan among insured patients with HFrEF and (2) medication adherence (measured as the proportion of days covered). We hypothesized that lower annual household income is associated with decreased odds of having a claim for and adhering to sacubitril/valsartan.

Methods:
Using the Optum de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart, patients with HFrEF and ≥6 months of enrollment for follow-up (2016–2020) were included. Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, US region, number of prescribed medications, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. Prescription for sacubitril/valsartan was defined by the presence of a claim within 6 months of HFrEF diagnosis. Adherence was defined as proportion of days covered ≥80%. We fit multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and hierarchical logistic regression accounting for covariates.

Results:
Among 322 007 individuals with incident HFrEF, 135 282 had complete data for analysis. Of the patients eligible for sacubitril/valsartan, 4.7% (6372) had a claim within 6 months of HFrEF diagnosis. Following multivariable adjustment, individuals in the lowest annual income category (<$40 000) were significantly less likely (odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76–0.90]) to have a sacubitril/valsartan claim within 6 months of HFrEF diagnosis than those in the highest annual income category (≥$100 000). Annual income <$40 000 was associated with lower odds of proportion of days covered ≥80% compared with income ≥$100 000 (odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.59–0.83]).

Conclusions:
Lower household income is associated with decreased likelihood of a sacubitril/valsartan claim and medication adherence within 6 months of HFrEF diagnosis, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Future analyses are needed to identify additional social factors associated with delays in sacubitril/valsartan initiation and long-term adherence.
How Accurately Can Warm Rain Realistically Be Retrieved with Satellite Sensors? Part I: DSD Uncertainties
Authors: Schulte Richard M. , Kummerow Christian D. , Klepp Christian , Mace Gerald G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A significant part of the uncertainty in satellite-based precipitation products stems from differing assumptions about drop size distributions (DSDs). Satellite radar-based retrieval algorithms rely on DSD assumptions that may be overly simplistic, whereas radiometers further struggle to distinguish cloud water from rain. We utilize the Ocean Rainfall and Ice-phase Precipitation Measurement Network (OceanRAIN), version 1.0, dataset to examine the impact of DSD variability on the ability of satellite measurements to accurately estimate rates of warm rainfall. We use the binned disdrometer counts and a simple model of the atmosphere to simulate observations for three satellite architectures. Two are similar to existing instrument combinations on the GPM Core Observatory and CloudSat, and the third is a theoretical triple-frequency radar–radiometer architecture. Using an optimal estimation framework, we find that the assumed DSD shape can have a large impact on retrieved rain rate. A three-parameter normalized gamma DSD model is sufficient for describing and retrieving the DSDs observed in the OceanRAIN dataset. Assuming simpler single-moment DSD models can lead to significant biases in retrieved rain rate, on the order of 100%. Differing DSD assumptions could thus plausibly explain a large portion of the disagreement in satellite-based precipitation estimates.
Interdecadal Changes of the South Asian High in CMIP5/6 and Projection of Its Future Changes
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Huang Yanyan , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Different from the significantly lifted geopotential height (H) that exhibits an enhanced South Asian high (SAH) under global warming, the eddy geopotential height (H′) can objectively reflect the decadal decline of SAH in the late 1970s. In this study, the capability of CMIP5/6 models for simulating the decadal decline of the SAH is assessed. Both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models can yield better simulations of H′ compared to H simulations with smaller model spreads. CMIP6 models demonstrate better performances than CMIP5 in the simulation of variability and decadal changes of the SAH, which is attributed to the more reasonable simulations of upper-tropospheric eddy temperature (T′) by CMIP6. There is a large uncertainty of the SAH projection, since the SAH displays obviously different variations between SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. The internal climate variability may play a more important role in influencing the decadal variations of SAH compared to the anthropogenic forcing in the future twenty-first century, although both the external forcing and internal climate variability are important for the historical decadal changes of SAH.