bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural evolution, and dielectric properties of a new perovskite solid solution (Pb0.5Sr0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3
Authors: Dong Wenhan , Wang Bi‐Xia , Yuan Yi , Wu Hua , Bokov Alexei A. , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo explore lead‐reduced dielectric materials in the SrTiO3–PbTiO3–PbZrO3 ternary system, a novel solid solution between relaxor ferroelectric (Pb0.5Sr0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 and ferroelectric PbTiO3, namely (1 − x)(Pb0.5Sr0.5) (Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3–xPbTiO3 (lead–strontium–zirconate–titanate [PSZT]–PT), has been synthesized in the perovskite structure by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method in the form of ceramics. The crystal structure and phase symmetry of the materials synthesized were analyzed and resolved based on X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) data through both the Pawley and Rietveld refinements. The results of the structural refinements indicate that at low PT‐concentration end of the solid solution system, for example, x = 0.05, the PSZT–PT solid solution exhibits a cubic structural symmetry (with the space group Pm‐3m). As the PT concentration (x) increases, the structure of (1 − x)PSZT–xPT gradually transforms from the cubic to a tetragonal (P4mm) phase. In the composition range of x = 0.10–0.25, a mixture of the cubic and tetragonal phases was identified. As the concentration of PT increases, the proportion of the tetragonal phase increases at the expense of the cubic phase. For a composition of x > 0.25, a pure tetragonal phase is observed. The dielectric properties of the materials were studied by measuring the permittivity as a function of temperature at various frequencies. For the composition of x = 0.05, the temperature dependence of dielectric constant shows typical relaxor behavior. For x = 0.35, the dielectric peaks indicate a normal ferroelectric phase transition. Overall, a structural transformation from a central‐symmetric, nonpolar cubic phase to a non‐centrosymmetric, polar tetragonal phase is induced by the substitution of PT for PSZT in the pseudo‐binary solid solution of (1 − x)PSZT–xPT, which also reveals an interesting relaxor to ferroelectric crossover phenomenon.
Activity of poly(methacrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles on fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains: Synergistic and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Falcão Cecília Maria Cruz , Andrade Audrey , Holanda Vanderlan Nogueira , de Figueiredo Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz , Ximenes Eulália Azevedo , Gomes Anderson Stevens Leonidas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
To synthesize and evaluate the antifungal activity of poly(methacrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles (PMAA-AgNPs) against nine Candida albicans isolated from clinical specimens.

Methods and Results
The effects of PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was analysed by checkerboard methodology. The synergistic potential of PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole was determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The inhibition of germ tube formation and the determination of PMAA-AgNPs cytotoxicity were also performed. All C. albicans strains were susceptible to PMAA-AgNPs and resistant to fluconazole. PMAA-AgNPs at subinhibitory concentrations restored the susceptibility of resistant C. albicans to fluconazole, whose FICI ranged from 0.3 to 0.5. The synergistic interaction of the combination was observed in eight of nine strains. The PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was also able to inhibit the germ tube formation. PMAA-AgNPs showed a dose-dependent decrease in viability for cells tested, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of 6.5, 4.9 and 6.8 μg ml−1 for macrophages, fibroblasts and Vero cells, respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that, in general, PMAA-AgNPs acts synergistically in combination with fluconazole, inhibiting fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was also able to inhibit germ tube formation, an important virulence factor. Inhibitory effect of PMAA-AgNPs alone or in combination was higher in C. albicans than in mammalian cells.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study shows the potential of PMAA-AgNPs combined with fluconazole to inhibit fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains.
Novel “late potential map” algorithm: Abnormal potentials and scar channels detection for ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Cortez‐Dias Nuno , Lima da Silva Gustavo , Nunes‐Ferreira Afonso , Nakar Elad , Francisco Raquel , Pereira Mariana , Carpinteiro Luís , Pinto Fausto J. , de Sousa João 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutomated systems for substrate mapping in the context of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation may annotate far‐field rather than near‐field signals, rendering the resulting maps hard to interpret. Additionally, quantitative assessment of local conduction velocity (LCV) remains an unmet need in clinical practice. We evaluate whether a new late potential map (LPM) algorithm can provide an automatic and reliable annotation and localized bipolar voltage measurement of ventricular electrograms (EGMs) and if LCV analysis allows recognizing intrascar conduction corridors acting as VT isthmuses.MethodsIn 16 patients referred for scar‐related VT ablation, 8 VT activation maps and 29 high‐resolution substrate maps from different activation wavefronts were obtained. In offline analysis, the LPM algorithm was compared to manually annotated substrate maps. Locations of the VT isthmuses were compared with the corresponding substrate maps in regard to LCV.ResultsThe LPM algorithm had an overall/local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA) annotation accuracy of 94.5%/81.1%, which compares to 83.7%/23.9% for the previous wavefront algorithm. The resultant maps presented a spatial concordance of 88.1% in delineating regions displaying LAVA. LAVA median localized bipolar voltage was 0.22 mV, but voltage amplitude assessment had modest accuracy in distinguishing LAVA from other abnormal EGMs (area under the curve: 0.676; p < .001). LCV analysis in high‐density substrate maps identified a median of two intrascar conduction corridors per patient (interquartile range: 2–3), including the one acting as VT isthmus in all cases.ConclusionThe new LPM algorithm and LCV analysis may enhance substrate characterization in scar‐related VT.
Agonistic behaviour of wild eels and depressed survival and growth of farmed eels in mixed rearing experiments
Authors: Wakiya Ryoshiro , Itakura Hikaru , Imayoshi Yuji , Kaifu Kenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo contribute to improving eel stocking procedures, the survival, growth and behaviour of farmed Japanese eels reared together with wild individuals were evaluated to learn about possible encounters of farmed‐ and stocked eels with wild eels. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the (a) effect of the presence of wild eels on survival and growth of farmed eels in experimental ponds and (b) behavioural differences between wild and farmed eels placed in a small tank. In the survival and growth experiment, significantly lower survival and growth rates of farmed eels reared with wild eels were observed compared with farmed eels reared without wild eels (control). In the behavioural observations, the authors observed significantly higher occupation rates of a refuge and more frequent biting for wild eels, indicating a dominance of wild eels over farmed eels. Because wild and farmed eels used in the current experiments belong to the same genetic population, these differences resulted within one generation through the aquaculture rearing process.
Temperature, meal size and body size effects on the gastric evacuation of rainbow trout: modelling optimum and upper thermal limits
Authors: Dürrani Ömerhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined the rate and course of gastric evacuation (GE) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to meal size, body size and temperature. The GE experiments were performed on small (mean ± 95% C.I., 17.7 ± 0.5 cm total length), medium (22. 9 ± 0.2 cm) and large (28.3 ± 0.3 cm) rainbow trout fed meals of different sizes using commercial food pellets at water temperatures T ranging from 7.8°C to 19.2°C. Estimating the shape parameter of a general power function suggested that the square root function adequately described the GE in rainbow trout independently of meal size. The effects of total body length L and weight W on gastric evacuation rate (GER) were described by simple power functions. The square root function was further expanded by a temperature function with temperature optimum to describe the effect of temperature. The expanded square root function revealed a considerable effect of body size and temperature on the GER of rainbow trout. The GER increased exponentially with rising temperature, reached an optimum at c. 18.5°C and then declined abruptly to zero at c. 21°C. The GER of rainbow trout could thus be described by (g h−1) or (g h−1), where St is the current stomach content mass (g), and at post‐prandial time t (h). These functions should prove useful to calculate total GE time as well as stomach fullness at different post‐prandial times and therefore provide valuable information to develop optimal feeding strategies for farming of rainbow trout.
Research progress on nondestructive testing technology for aquatic products freshness
Authors: Li Xinxing , Wang Biao , Xie Tianhua , Stankovski Stevan , Hu Jinyou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs one of the vital food, aquatic products help to improve diet structure and alleviate food pressure. Aquatics food has a tender taste, with protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and other nutrients. At the same time, aquatic products are highly susceptible to spoilage due to their properties in processing, transportation, and storage, which damages the economic efficiency of producers and may pose a threat to the dietary safety of consumers. Therefore, researchers have been working to developing an efficient, nondestructive, and practical technology to detect the freshness of aquatic products in real‐time and easily. This article describes the representative techniques applied in recent years for the nondestructive inspection of aquatic products' freshness in terms of working principles, application examples, and characteristics. It summarizes each technique's development prospects and challenges.Practical ApplicationsIn this article, the analysis of different nondestructive testing techniques in aquatic products inspection leads to several conclusions conducive to improving the effectiveness of the application. It is necessary to establish a long‐term cooperation mechanism and develop the technologies and equipment of aquatic products detection used in specific production links. New detection technologies should also be developed, with joint analysis of several detection technologies and the comprehensive characterization of multiple indicators. Finally, it leads to the establishment of an intelligent real‐time detection system for measuring aquatic products' freshness based on network and integration.
Factors that influence hospital nurses’ escalation of patient care in response to their early warning score: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Burke Catherine , Conway Yvonne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Early Warning Score (EWS) is a validated tool that has improved patient outcomes internationally. This scoring system is used within the hospital setting to identify potentially deteriorating patients, thus expediting referral to appropriate medical personnel. It is increasingly recognised that there are other influencing factors along with EWS, which impact on nurses’ decisions to escalate care.AimThe aim of this review was to identify and synthesise data from qualitative studies, which examined factors influencing nurses’ escalation of care in response to patients’ EWS.MethodsThe systematic search strategy and eligibility criteria were guided by the SPIDER (Sample Phenomenon of Interest Design Evaluation Type of Research) framework. Eleven databases and five grey literature databases were searched. Titles and abstracts were independently screened in line with pre‐established inclusion and exclusion criteria using the cloud‐based platform, Rayyan. The selected studies underwent quality appraisal using CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, 2017, https://www.casp‐uk.net/casp‐toolschecklists) and subsequently synthesised using Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis approach. GRADE–CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation–Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) was used to assess confidence in results. The EQUATOR listed guideline ENTREQ (Tong et al., 2012, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12) was used to synthesise and report findings.ResultsEighteen studies from seven countries including 235 nurses were identified. Following synthesis, four analytical themes were generated with eighteen derived consequent findings. The four themes identified were as follows:1) Marrying nurses’ clinical judgement with EWS 2) SMART communication 3) EWS Protocol: Blessing and a Curse 5) Hospital Domain.ConclusionNurses strive to find balance by simultaneously navigating within the boundaries of both the EWS protocol and the hospital domain. They view the EWS as a valid essential component in the system but one that does not give a definitive answer and absolute direction. They value the protocols’ ability to identify deteriorating patients and convey the seriousness of a situation to their multidisciplinary colleagues but also find it somewhat restrictive and frustrating and wish to have credence given to their own intuition and clinical judgement.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil: Adaptation and validation of mental impact and distress screening instrument and the sociodemographic profile of impact
Authors: Coscioni Vinicius , Silva‐Ferraz Brenda Fernanda , Siegmund Gerson , Lins Araújo Costa Luiza , Chang Kay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Mental Impact and Distress Scale: COVID‐19 (MIDc) was constructed and validated by one of the first pandemic‐impact research teams in February 2020 and aims to assess psychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of the present research was to determine the psychometric properties of the MIDc's Brazilian form and outline a sociodemographic profile of the pandemic's psychosocial impact in a Brazilian sample. Altogether, 1004 Brazilians living in different regions of Brazil completed an online survey. The adapted Brazilian version presented significant validity and reliability as assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha and Spearman‐Brown coefficients, and associations with related psychological measures. Even though the Brazilian version differs from a previous (Macau) version, it contains both anticipation (i.e., the mental engagement processes of managing the unknowns) and modulation (i.e., the mental processes of insulation being activated to maintain a sense of normalcy) factors. Findings indicate greater vulnerability to modulation among younger and female participants. Black participants and those with lower family income were more prone to be economically impacted. Participants living in isolation were more vulnerable to anticipation. Thus, the COVID‐19 pandemic was found to differentially affect gender, ethnic, and social groups in Brazil.
Comparison of Chinese and American subjects on the self‐administered Waterless Empirical Taste Test
Authors: Chen Jingguo , Ren Xiaoyong , Yan Huanhuan , Zhao Bingjie , Chen Jingyan , Zhu Kang , Lyu Hui , Li Zhihui , Doty Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCultural differences have been reported between the taste sensitivity of persons of Asian and European ancestry, although findings have been mixed. This study sought to determine whether American and Chinese adults perform differently on a novel taste test that requires no water, can be self‐administered, and employs a representative of umami as one of its tastants. This 53‐trial test was administered to 113 Chinese and 214 Americans. The subjects orally sampled monomer cellulose pads containing one of four dried concentrations of sucrose, citric acid, NaCl, caffeine, and monosodium glutamate and indicated whether a sweet, sour, bitter, salty, brothy, or no taste sensation was perceived. Separate gender by culture analyses of covariance with age as the covariate were performed on the total score and the scores of each taste stimulus. For all taste qualities, women outperformed men and test scores declined with age. No difference between American and Chinese subjects was found for the total taste score (p = .129) or for the sucrose (p = .129) or NaCl (p = .368) scores. However, for monosodium glutamate, the scores were 28.40% higher for the Chinese than for the American subjects (p = .024), and for citric acid and caffeine, the scores were 24.12 and 21.79% higher for the American subjects (p's = .001 and .029). The basis for these differences is unclear, although both anatomical (e.g., differences in density or distribution of taste buds) and cultural factors may be involved. Future work is needed to determine the cause of these largely novel findings and whether they generalize to other Chinese and American samples.Practical applicationsIn this study, a practical self‐administered quantitative taste test that requires no water was found to be sensitive to quality‐specific differences in test scores between Chinese and American subjects, as well as to age and gender. The Chinese subjects outperformed the American subjects in correctly identifying the quality of monosodium glutamate (umami), whereas the American subjects outperformed Chinese subjects in correctly identifying the bitter and sour qualities of caffeine and citric acid, respectively. Experiential factors related to culture‐specific cuisines may explain some of these differences. This research indicates that a relatively rapid taste test, which can be sent through the mail and which requires no test administrator or source of water, can be used in cross‐cultural studies to elucidate individual differences in taste perception.
Is intravenous magnesium sulphate safe to be administered outside the critical care setting?
Authors: de Havilland Amanda , Hariharan Gopakumar , Puvvadi Ramaa 
Published: March 2022

AimTo review current evidence regarding the safety of intravenous bolus magnesium sulphate for the treatment of children with acute severe asthma in the non‐critical care setting.MethodsMEDLINE via Ovid, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles.ResultsFour hundred and eighteen articles were identified during the initial search after removal of duplicates. Eighty full‐text articles were selected for review and 16 included as relevant to the clinical question.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that bolus intravenous magnesium sulphate is safe to be administered in non‐critical care settings provided that line of sight nursing and cardiorespiratory monitoring are available.
Photoperiod in recirculation aquaculture systems and timing of seawater transfer affect seawater growth performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Ytrestøyl Trine , Hjelle Elise , Kolarevic Jelena , Takle Harald , Rebl Alexander , Afanasyev Sergey , Krasnov Aleksei , Brunsvik Per , Terjesen Bendik Fyhn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProduction of Atlantic salmon smolts in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) is growing, and novel production protocols using continuous light in RAS are being implemented in the industry. In the present study, Atlantic Salmon parr were exposed to either a traditional protocol (short‐day winter signal [12:12 L:D] for 6 weeks) or to continuous light. Both photoperiods were applied in freshwater (FW) and brackish water RAS. Salmon from all treatments were transferred to seawater pens at 200 and 600 g and grown until slaughter size. A control group was smoltified with a 6‐week short‐day winter signal and kept in FW until sea transfer at 100 g. Continuous light gave a higher growth rate in RAS but reduced feed intake and growth and increased feed conversion ratio during the first 8 weeks in seawater. However, at slaughter, fish exposed to continuous light was bigger than fish given a winter signal because of the higher growth rate in RAS. Slaughter weight was lowest in fish transferred to sea at 600 g, despite having the highest day‐degree sum during their life span. The best performing group was the control group transferred at 100 g. All treatments handled transfer to seawater and survival and maturation were not affected by the treatments in RAS. The immune status was examined with a multigene expression assay on BioMark HD platform from parr stage to 5–7 months after seawater transfer. Overall, there was no significant effect of photoperiod or salinity on the expression of the selected immune genes. In sum, the results from this study indicate that using continuous light in RAS may have negative effects on performance shortly after transfer in fish transferred to sea at 200 g, whereas at 600 g, all treatments had reduced growth after transfer irrespective of treatment in RAS.
Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds
Authors: Deeming D. C. , Harrison S. L. , Sutton G. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBite force can provide an insight into the feeding biomechanics and ecology of vertebrates. There has been an increasing interest in bite force in birds with data being collected using force transducers although bite forces have also been calculated from the mass of the jaw musculature. Studies have sought to find ecological correlates between bite force and diet or feeding style as well as with morphology. This study collated data reported in the literature for bite force and mass of the jaw musculature in birds and explored the relationships between these variables and their relationships with body mass to test two hypotheses. First, bite force and mass of the jaw musculature would scale with body mass irrespective of the phylogeny. Second, bite force and mass of the jaw musculature would be directly related to each other and be unrelated to phylogeny. Phylogenetically controlled analyses showed that in relation to body mass there were different relationships with bite force, and with the mass of the jaw musculature, for non‐passerine (isometry and negative allometry, respectively) and passerine species (both positive allometry). By contrast, a single significantly positively allometric relationship described the relationship between jaw muscle mass and bite force. These relationships were driven in part by the diet of the species concerned but also may reflect morphological differences in jaw musculature. The few studies that compare measured and calculated bite force for the same species show that values derived from muscles were higher. Detaching muscles from their points of origin and insertion to calculate physiological cross‐sectional area may be biasing bite force calculations.