bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro culture of Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P. Smirn as a method of conservation and expanding its biodiversity
Authors: Khromov A V , Yu Cherednichenko M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P. Smirn (2n = 4) is an insufficiently explored model plant and its research prospects are wide. At the same time, it is included in the Red List of Russia due to the narrow ecological amplitude of the species. During the work for the first time for this species, the conditions for the induction of callusogenesis and somatic organogenesis were studied. Aseptic plants were obtained by sterilization with 5 % sodium hypochlorite solution; seed stratification increased seed germination rate. Since rooting is often a problem by in vitro cultivation, various concentrations of the main components of MS nutrient medium were studied. It was found that for the induction of root formation the optimal composition of the nutrient medium contains 1/8-1/2 concentrations of mineral salts and vitamins according to the recipe MS. The study of the possibility of induction of callus formation was carried out on seeds and on leaf explants. For induction of callusogenesis on seeds, the greatest effectiveness was shown by MS with the addition of 4 mg/l 2,4-D, for further reproduction of callus - MS with the addition of 0.1-0.5 mg/l 2,4-D; however, it was not possible to achieve callus formation on leaf explants. The highest frequency of somatic organogenesis in callus tissue was achieved on MS with the addition of 1 mg/l BAP and 1/12 mg/l IAA.
Groundwater Vulnerability Zones Mapping Using DRASTIC and GOD Methods in Krendowahono Village, Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Koesuma Sorja , Rosidah Umi , Handono Ramelan Ari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Krendowahono Village is located in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. During the dry season, several hamlets in Krendowahono Village experience a shortage of clean water. So an attempt must be made to maintain the quality and protect groundwater sources in areas of Krendowahono Village with fresh groundwater supplies. Analysing the vulnerability of groundwater is one of the attempts that can be made. The DRASTIC and GOD methods were used to conduct a vulnerability analysis of groundwater. The DRASTIC and GOD vulnerability assessments were then validated using water samples taken from resident wells. Groundwater vulnerability assessment utilizing the DRASTIC method resulted in the identification of two vulnerability classes: low vulnerability and medium vulnerability. While the GOD method generates three vulnerability classes for groundwater, they are low vulnerability class, medium vulnerability class, and high vulnerability class. The maximum correlation value between the results of the GOD method and the test of water samples with parameters of free ammonia, total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity was obtained when the results of the GOD method and the test of water samples were validated using Spearman’s correlation. The correlation value associated with the pH parameter was the highest in the DRASTIC method. Likewise, the GOD method produced favourable performance in regional studies. This is demonstrated by the significant correlation between the GOD susceptibility test findings and the water sample test results.
Identification of aquifer zone in the southern part of Sukoharjo Regency using VES method as a means of irrigation of agricultural land
Authors: Maulana Rahma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sukoharjo is one of the regencies in Indonesia that is famous for its agricultural land. Sukoharjo itself has 12 sub districts spread evenly throughout. In recent years, there have been many conflicts of irrigation water shortages for agricultural land. Therefore, research was conducted on the aquifer zone of the southern district of Sukoharjo. The research was conducted by Vertical Electrical Sounding method to determine the structure of soil in order to improve the efficiency of deep groundwater drilling for irrigation. The study used Schlumberger’s configuration with a target zone of deep aquifers for agricultural irrigation. The length of the track used is 275-300 meters. As a result of the study, it is suspected that the aquifer zone in southern Sukoharjo Regency has a depth of about 11.54-83.93 meters below the subsurface. The soil structure in south of Sukoharjo is dominated by sandy clay layers, limestone layers, and sedimentary layers.
Artificial neural network for landslide vulnerability mapping in Leitimur Peninsula Ambon Island
Authors: Puturuhu Ferad , Danoedoro Projo , Sartohadi Junun , Srihadmoko Danang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used in remote sensing to classify the various types of data. Moreover, it provides better accuracy results than statistical methods. In this study, AAN was applied to map landslide vulnerability zone in Leitimur Peninsula Ambon where landslide has frequently occurred in the period 2012 until now resulting in losses to community. The objective of this study was to determine the landslide vulnerability level zones of the study area. The method used was the logistic regression and ANN. The results showed that the largest zone (9957.33ha) or 65.47% of the study area is in low landslide vulnerability level, while the best result of the accuracy test is the ANN analysis with the value of 72.55%.
ICT application in CBDRM in Karangtengah village Bantul Regency
Authors: Mahendra S T , Pratomo A H , Paripurno E T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted in Karangtengah Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The landslide incident that occurred in the Karangtengah Village area on November 28, 2017 then prompted several groups to take the initiative to install an early warning system and several other supporting tools at the scene. This study aims to identify what Information and Communication Technology tools already exist in the Karangtengah Village area that can support landslide hazard monitoring activities, and see how residents manage these tools. This research was conducted with a qualitative method using a Participatory Rural Appraisal tool. The results of this study show that the presence of Information and Communication Technology tools requires the community to have the capacity to synergize with existing tools and manage them independently so that there is no failure of the role of Information and Communication Technology in supporting the work of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in Karangtengah Village. Access to data generated by existing Information and Communication Technology tools will also be useful for residents to monitor phenomena or conditions around them.
Deriving a Measure of Social Recovery Capital From the Important People and Activities Instrument: Construction and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Francis Meredith W , Bourdon Jessica L , Chan Grace , Dick Danielle M , Edenberg Howard J , Kamarajan Chella , Kinreich Sivan , Kramer John , I-Chun Kuo Sally , Pandey Ashwini K , Pandey Gayathri , Smith Rebecca L , Bucholz Kathleen K , McCutcheon Vivia V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aim
This study presents a measure of Social Recovery Capital (SRC) derived from the Important People and Activities instrument (IPA).

Methods
The sample comprised young adults who participated in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder (N = 2472). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified influential items and factor structure, adjusting for family relatedness. The final scale was tested for reliability and validity.

Results
Factor analysis retained 10 items loading on three factors (Network Abstinence Behaviors, Basic Network Structure and Network Importance) that together explained 42% of the variance in SRC. The total model showed adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.95; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.05) and acceptable reliability (α = 0.60; McDonald’s ω = 0.73) and correlated with validation measures mostly in the weak to moderate range. Due to variable factor scores for reliability and validity, we only recommend using the total score.

Conclusion
The SRC-IPA is a novel measure of SRC derived from the IPA that captures social network data and has applications in research and clinical work. Secondary data analyses using the SRC-IPA in studies that collected the IPA can further demonstrate the interaction of SRC with a wide variety of clinical indicators and demographic characteristics, making it a valuable addition to other measures of SRC.
Community schools and community development: São Paulo’s Unified Education Centres seen from the other side of the street
Authors: Burgos Fernando , Exner Marina Katurchi , Spink Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent debate on the importance of education for socioeconomic development has largely focussed on school achievement, as measured by international rankings. The pressures from governments to improve results has led to concerns about the consequences for teachers and students, and to counter proposals to value schools that promote the general good of the surrounding community and, in doing so, return to the idea of community schools that was much debated in the 1970s in the developing and developed world. In 2001, the São Paulo city government began building a network of Unified Education Centres (CEUs) in vulnerable areas. In addition to enhanced educational and sports facilities, they all have a theatre, library, swimming pools, a computer centre, and spaces for workshops and community meetings. Evaluation studies have mainly focussed on the experience of education staff in learning how to deal with the broader inter-sectorial aspects of the Centres. We look at the Centres from the outside; from the position of those who live and/or work in the surrounding streets and neighbourhoods. Based on 68 street level conversations, the analysis concentrated on four dimensions: the use made of the CEU in the day to day; new perspectives for the young; the CEU as a space for sport, leisure, and culture in a peripheral region; and the socioeconomic impact. Results show that whilst the impact of the Centres ‘in the surrounding community’ is significant, there is still much to be learned for them to be seen as part ‘of the community’.
Rapid processing of threatening faces in the amygdala of nonhuman primates: subcortical inputs and dual roles
Authors: Inagaki Mikio , Inoue Ken-ichi , Tanabe Soshi , Kimura Kei , Takada Masahiko , Fujita Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A subcortical pathway through the superior colliculus and pulvinar has been proposed to provide the amygdala with rapid but coarse visual information about emotional faces. However, evidence for short-latency, facial expression-discriminating responses from individual amygdala neurons is lacking; even if such a response exists, how it might contribute to stimulus detection is unclear. Also, no definitive anatomical evidence is available for the assumed pathway. Here we showed that ensemble responses of amygdala neurons in monkeys carried robust information about open-mouthed, presumably threatening, faces within 50 ms after stimulus onset. This short-latency signal was not found in the visual cortex, suggesting a subcortical origin. Temporal analysis revealed that the early response contained excitatory and suppressive components. The excitatory component may be useful for sending rapid signals downstream, while the sharpening of the rising phase of later-arriving inputs (presumably from the cortex) by the suppressive component might improve the processing of facial expressions over time. Injection of a retrograde trans-synaptic tracer into the amygdala revealed presumed monosynaptic labeling in the pulvinar and disynaptic labeling in the superior colliculus, including the retinorecipient layers. We suggest that the early amygdala responses originating from the colliculo–pulvino–amygdalar pathway play dual roles in threat detection.
Oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation at low stroke risk: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Komen Joris J , Pottegård Anton , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Forslund Tomas , Hjemdahl Paul , Wettermark Björn , Hallas Jesper , Olesen Morten , Bennie Marion , Mueller Tanja , Carragher Raymond , Karlstad Øystein , Kjerpeseth Lars J , Klungel Olaf H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
There is currently no consensus on whether atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at low risk for stroke (one non-sex-related CHA2DS2-VASc point) should be treated with an oral anticoagulant.

Methods and results
We conducted a multi-country cohort study in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Scotland. In total, 59 076 patients diagnosed with AF at low stroke risk were included. We assessed the rates of stroke or major bleeding during treatment with a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or no treatment, using inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) Cox regression. In untreated patients, the rate for ischaemic stroke was 0.70 per 100 person-years and the rate for a bleed was also 0.70 per 100 person-years. Comparing NOAC with no treatment, the stroke rate was lower [hazard ratio (HR) 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.94], and the rate for intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) was not increased (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.54–1.30). Comparing VKA with no treatment, the rate for stroke tended to be lower (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.59–1.09), and the rate for ICH tended to be higher during VKA treatment (HR 1.37; 95% CI 0.88–2.14). Comparing NOAC with VKA treatment, the rate for stroke was similar (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70–1.22), but the rate for ICH was lower during NOAC treatment (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42–0.94).

Conclusion
These observational data suggest that NOAC treatment may be associated with a positive net clinical benefit compared with no treatment or VKA treatment in patients at low stroke risk, a question that can be tested through a randomized controlled trial.
Association between state-level malpractice environment and clinician electronic health record (EHR) time
Authors: Holmgren A Jay , Rotenstein Lisa , Downing Norman Lance , Bates David W , Schulman Kevin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinicians spend significant time working in the electronic health record (EHR). The US is an outlier in EHR time, suggesting that EHR-related work may be driven in part by the legal environment and threat of malpractice. To assess this, we evaluate the association between state-level malpractice climate and clinician time spent in the EHR.Materials and MethodsWe use EHR metadata from 351 ambulatory care health systems in the United States using Epic from January–August 2019 combined with state-level data on malpractice incidence and payouts. We used descriptive statistics to measure variation in clinician EHR time, including total EHR time, documentation time per day, and after-hours EHR time per day. Multi-variable regression evaluated the association between clinicians in high malpractice states and EHR use.ResultsWe found no association between location in a state in the top-quartile of malpractice payouts and time spent in the EHR per day, time spent in the EHR outside of scheduled hours, or time spent documenting per day, except for a subgroup of the clinicians in the highest malpractice specialties, where there was a small increase in EHR time per day (B = 6.08 min, P &lt; 0.001) and time spent documenting notes (B = 2.77 min, P &lt; 0.001).DiscussionState-level differences in malpractice incidence are unlikely to be a significant driver of EHR work for most clinicians.ConclusionPolicymakers seeking to address EHR documentation burden should examine burden driven by other socio-technical demands on clinician time, such as billing or quality measurement.
Established Facts in an ‘Age of Misinformation’
Authors: Trifunović Jana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The contemporary significance of the doctrine of judicial notice has been overlooked. As a means of proving fact without hearing evidence, judicial notice has remained relevant vis-à-vis international criminal justice’s crucial objective of trial expediency. However, today’s fragmented information landscape demands a revision of the doctrine’s traditional understanding. This article presents a legal expressivist reading of the key judicial notice decision in Karemera and explores the epistemic potential of judicial notice in an ‘age of misinformation’. It argues that the act of establishing facts of ‘common knowledge’ inevitably elicits dialogue between international criminal tribunals and their relevant audiences. Accordingly, judicial notice is cautiously presented as a promising legal principle that, beyond judicial economy and factual uniformity, may serve a third policy consideration related to broader goals of international criminal justice.
Scanning electron microscopy of Escherichia coli encapsulated in a spacerized graphene sandwich
Authors: Sasaki Yuki , Hirayama Satoru , Nakao Ryoma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electron microscopy of biological materials such as bacteria allows multifaceted analysis to understand their structure and function with high resolution, which is difficult to achieve with optical microscopy. However, the samples are damaged or broken by electron beam irradiation and by the vacuum environment. Here, we observed bacteria in a suspension encapsulated in a graphene sandwich that prevents electron beam damage without the need for fixation. Specifically, we demonstrated in situ scanning electron microscopy observation of Escherichia coli in a graphene sandwich containing a perforated membrane as a spacer, encapsulating non-immobilized E. coli between the graphene layers. However, E. coli activity, such as division, was not observed, although the irradiated cells grew slightly when resuspended under optimal culture conditions. Our findings suggest that the graphene sandwich methodology enables the observation of wet E. coli cells by electron microscopy but requires refinement to allow the live imaging of biological materials.
The Art of Conversation in Cancer Care
Authors: McQuellon Richard P. , Cowan Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Art of Conversation in Cancer Care: Lessons for Caregivers, is organized around the themes of mortal time and healing conversation with patients and their caregivers. Mortal time is not so much a specific period, but rather, the psychological experience encountering mortality that accompanies the diagnosis of cancer. The book has three major sections. In part I, the many ways people experience mortal time are articulated. These include a range of adaptive and less adaptive methods such as dysfunctional avoidance. In part II, the basic elements of healing conversation are described, with an emphasis on the hope that can spring from talking with a trusted companion. We discuss empathy, listening carefully and responding thoughtfully and compassionately. In Part III, the topic is guidance for caregivers. This section includes material on the risks and costs of caregiving as well as personal virtues that help a person navigate the demands of mortal time with their loved one. We discuss resilience and the consequences of absorbing suffering including empathy shift where the cancer caregiver becomes less empathic with minor illnesses in others. We conclude with the power of healing conversation in mortal time as a source of hope. The book includes numerous patient vignettes that illustrate the art of conversation in cancer medicine.
Lymphoma
Authors: Cheow Heok , Hoskin Peter , Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 discusses lymphoma, which covers a broad spectrum of disease entities that is reflected in a wide range of imaging involved in its diagnosis and management. Whilst the pathological subtypes are of considerable importance in disease management, they do not greatly influence the staging processes in which imaging is used, although the two main groups, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have very different patterns of disease distribution which can influence imaging strategies. Discussion on various imaging modalities, in particular the use of positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET-CT) for staging and post therapy assessment. This chapter also includes international working group consensus response evaluation criteria in lymphoma.
Hepatic and biliary tumours
Authors: Reinius Marika , Godfrey Edmund , Basu Bristi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers represent a dynamic area of oncology, with rapidly rising global incidence rates, but also with a fast-evolving therapeutic landscape in recent years. This chapter covers the essential anatomical and radiological principles that underpin classification, diagnosis, and management of these tumours. Typical radiological appearances are highlighted, to allow the reader to appreciate imaging features of primary malignant disease, as well as differentiating these from benign pathologies and secondary metastatic disease from other primary sites. Current diagnostic and staging approaches are summarized for each primary tumour of the hepatobiliary system (including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma), with illustrative examples. The roles of different imaging modalities in the therapeutic assessment and follow-up are also explored, and further contextualized through discussion of current management strategies, including interventional radiology (ablative or transcatheter) techniques as well as systemic therapeutic approaches.
Pancreatic tumours
Authors: Bowden David , Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Approximately 90% of primary pancreatic tumours are ductal adenocarcinomas, which usually occur in the head and neck of the pancreas. This chapter discusses the role of different imaging modalities in the staging, assessment of operability, and therapeutic response assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Current role of radiotherapy for PDAC is summarized. Most guidelines recommend consideration for radical chemo-radiotherapy or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) if there is at least stable localized disease after 3–4 months of chemotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy is given for pain relief or bleeding into the duodenum. The role of different imaging modalities in the planning for conventional radiotherapy and SABR techniques is highlighted. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are uncommon and are discussed in in Chapter 19.
Gynaecological cancers
Authors: Lankester Kate , Vitta Lavanya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 15 covers gynaecological cancers, including, uterine, cervical, and vaginal and vulval cancers. Ovarian cancer has not been included, as radiotherapy has only a limited role in its management. MRI is the preferred imaging modality for local staging and follow-up of uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers due to its superior tissue contrast and delineation of anatomy and pathology. The use of intravenous gadolinium and diffusion weighted imaging provides more accurate characterization of the tumour. Contrast enhanced CT is used for assessment of distant metastasis and FDG PET/CT has a role in selected cases. Most vulval cancers are treated surgically with initial clinical assessment of the primary tumour, but for more advanced cases, MRI can help assess tumour extent and involvement of regional nodes.