bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Role of CCR6+ T Cells in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: van Uden Denise , Koudstaal Thomas , van Hulst Jennifer A. C. , van den Bosch Thierry P. P. , Vink Madelief , Bergen Ingrid M. , Lila Karishma A. , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Bresser Paul , Kool Mirjam , von der Thüsen Jan H. , Hendriks Rudi W. , Boomars Karin A. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown an increase of T cells and chemokines in vascular lesions of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, detailed characterization of these T cells is still lacking, nor have treatment effects been evaluated.MethodsWe included 41 treatment-naive CTEPH patients at diagnosis, 22 patients at 1-year follow-up, and 17 healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood T cells were characterized by flow cytometry for subset distribution, cytokine expression and activation marker profile. We used multiplex immunofluorescence to identify CCR6+ T cells in endarterectomy tissue from 25 patients.ResultsAt diagnosis, proportions of CCR6+ CD4+ T cells were increased in CTEPH patients compared with HCs. Patients displayed a significantly reduced production capacity of several cytokines including TNFα, IFNγ, GM-CSF and IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and TNFα and IFNγ in CD8+ T cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed increased expression of the immune checkpoint protein CTLA4. Multivariate analysis separated CTEPH patients from HCs, based on CCR6 and CTLA4 expression. At 1-year follow-up, proportions of CCR6+CD4+ T cells were further increased, IFNγ and IL-17 production capacity of CD4+ T cells was restored. In nearly all vascular lesions we found substantial numbers of CCR6+ T cells.ConclusionThe observed increase of CCR6+ T cells and modulation of the IFNγ and IL-17 production capacity of circulating CD4+ T cells at diagnosis and 1-year follow-up – together with the presence of CCR6+ T cells in vascular lesions - support the involvement of the Th17-associated CCR6+ T cell subset in CTEPH.
Distribution of the Mesozooplankton Community in the Western Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area During Late Summer Bloom
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Kim Bo Kyung , Lee Boyeon , Son Wuju , Jo Naeun , Lee Junbeom , Lee Sang Heon , Ha Sun-Yong , Kim Jeong-Hoon , La Hyoung Sul 
Published: April 2022

The spatio-temporal distributions of the epipelagic mesozooplankton community in the western Ross Sea region marine protected area (RSR MPA) were investigated. Mesozooplankton surveys were conducted in February 2018, January 2019, and March 2020 from an approximate depth of 200 m to address the essential environmental factors influencing the mesozooplankton community structure. Our results showed that the mesozooplankton community of the western RSR MPA could be affected by the various ecological factors, depending on their temporal and spatial variations. The community structure in 2018 was distinguished by its chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration during the summer bloom phase in the late summer. Taxa observed in 2019 were divided into four significantly different groups according to the body size of the community composition. This differentiation could be derived from predation pressure, inducing a trophic cascade. Taxa in the 2020 samples were separated into five different groups based on temperature; during the 2020 survey, the water temperature was low and sea ice covered the whole continental shelf in the Ross Sea. Additionally, comparing the results from the three interannual surveys, although the communities clustered according to the survey period, the continental shelf groups were quite dissimilar despite overlapping geographically. Taken all together, the mesozooplankton community of the western RSR MPA changed according to changes in several ecological factors, such as temperature, Chl-a concentration, and predation pressure. The occurrence of summer blooms and the decline in water temperature mainly regulated the mesozooplankton community structure in the late summer.
Biopolymer Nanocomposites for Sustainable UV Protective Packaging
Authors: Gore Anil H. , Prajapat Amrutlal L. 
Published: April 2022

The development of green, eco-friendly and sustainable packaging materials is a major challenge in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Advancements in the designing biopolymeric nanocomposites for packaging applications have been established by considering features like biodegradability, environmental friendliness, mechanical properties, cost, safety, etc. Other properties such as thickness, weight, transparency, practicability, recyclability, antimicrobial, porosity, leaching effect, light protective capability, etc. need to be considered during the fabrication of next-generation packing materials for multifaceted applications. Of these, the ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the designed nanocomposites for sustainable packaging applications are extremely important. The UV protective properties of the packaging materials can be modulated by adding a minute amount of biocompatible nanomaterials with maximum absorption properties in the UV region (200–400 nm). UV light absorption is very important to avoid loss or changes in intrinsic chemical, physical, and biological properties/content of foods, pharmaceuticals, beverages, and so forth during storage and transportation. In the current review, we highlight the principle of UV light protection, the selection of nanomaterials, and the design of nanocomposite films, including the properties and applications of biopolymeric nanocomposite materials for UV protective sustainable packaging. Lastly, the current challenges and prospects of sustainable UV protective packaging are also discussed to provide insights into the future of next-generation packaging technologies.
Frequently Transmission and Close Relationship Among Immigrants in the China–Myanmar Border Region Indicated by Molecular Transmission Analysis From a Cross-Sectional Data
Authors: Hu Zhili , Liu Yingjie , Wang Jibao , Meng Zhefeng , Leuba Sequoia I. , Wei Jie , Duan Xing , Chu Zhenxing , Chen Min , Shang Hong , Xu Junjie 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAccurate identification of molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) and understanding the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are necessary to develop targeted interventions to prevent HIV transmission. We evaluated the characteristics of antiretroviral therapy-naïve individuals who belonged to HIV-1 MTCs in the China–Myanmar border region to inform targeted effective HIV intervention.MethodsPhylogenetic analyses were undertaken on HIV-1 pol sequences to characterize subtypes or circulating recombinant forms and identify MTCs. MTCs were defined as those with 2 or more sequences having bootstrap support &gt; 80% and a pairwise gene distance less than or equal to 0.03. Factors correlated with MTCs were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The chi-square test was used to compare differences between Chinese and Burmese participants belonging to MTCs.ResultsA total of 900 people had their pol gene successfully sequenced. Twenty-one MTCs were identified and included 110 individuals (12.2%). Individuals in MTCs were more likely to be Burmese [aOR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.33, 3.79), P = 0.003], be younger [aOR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.58), P &lt; 0.001 for age 26–50 vs. 25 years or younger], have a lower CD4 T cell count [aOR = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.34, 6.11), P = 0.007 for &lt; 200 vs. 350 or greater], and have subtypes CRF07_BC or C [CRF07_BC: aOR = 7.88 (95% CI: 3.55, 17.52), P &lt; 0.001; C: aOR = 2.38 (95% CI: 1.23, 4.62), P = 0.010 compared to CRF01_AE]. In MTCs, Burmese were younger (89.7 vs. 57.7% for age 25 years or younger), had a lower education level (41.0 vs. 8.5% for illiterate), were more likely to be infected through injection drug use (35.9 vs. 12.7%), and had a higher proportion of subtype BC (33.3 vs. 15.5%) and CRF01_AE (20.5 vs. 8.5%) compared to Chinese (P &lt; 0.05 for all).ConclusionBurmese participants were more likely to belong to MTCs, and most MTCs had both Burmese and Chinese participants. These data highlight the bidirectional transmission of HIV-1 frequently transmission and close relationship among immigrants in the China–Myanmar border region. Local health departments should pay more attention to HIV screening and intervention to immigrants Burmese with the characteristics of younger age, having lower CD4 T cell count and infected with HIV subtypes CRF07_ BC or C.
The Incidence of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and the Need of Dialysis in Patients Receiving Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Mei-Yi , Lo Wei-Cheng , Wu Yun-Chun , Lin Tsu-Chen , Lin Chun-Hung , Wu Mai-Szu , Tu Yu-Kang 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe risk of dialysis following contrast exposure is unclear. We aimed to examine the overall risk of contrast induced nephropathy and the need of dialysis based on a systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the electronic database including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 October, 2020 with predetermined search term to identify relevant studies. Observational studies investigating the association between contrast induced nephropathy after angiography and the need of dialysis were included, and summary risks were estimated. Two independent reviewers extracted the data, followed with random effects model to calculate the overall pooled incidence of contrast induced nephropathy and the need of dialysis after angiography. Subgroup-analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess heterogeneity of incidence across studies.ResultsOf 2,243 identified articles, 259 met our inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis after screening. Pooled effect estimates had the following summary incidence proportion for contrast induced nephropathy after angiography: 9.06% (95% CI: 8.53–9.58%; derived from 120 studies) and 0.52% (95% CI: 0.37–0.70%; derived from 110 studies) for the need of dialysis, respectively. The stratified summary incidence proportion of contrast induced nephropathy after contrast administration via intra-arterial route was 9.60% (95% CI: 9.0–10.2%; derived from 106 studies) and was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.40–0.80%; derived from 100 studies) for the need of dialysis, respectively. Our meta-regressions found that the amount of contrast medium exposure was associated with contrast-induced nephropathy.ConclusionThe potential risk of dialysis needs to be communicated to patients undergoing procedures requiring contrast, especially via intra-arterial exposure.Systematic Review Registration[https://reurl.cc/8Wrlry], identifier [CRD42020170702].
Treatment Strategies in Emergency Endoscopy for Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding (CHESS1905): A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Yifei , Zhang Wenhui , Xiang Huiling , Liu Yanna , Yuan Lili , Zhang Liyao , Hu Shengjuan , Xia Dongli , Li Jia , Gao Min , Wang Xing , Qi Xingsi , Peng Lijun , Song Ying , Zhou Xiqiao , Zeng Jing , Tan Xiaoyan , Deng Mingming , Fang Haiming , Qi Shenglin , He Song , He Yongfeng , Ye Bin , Wu Wei , Dang Tong , Shao Jiangbo , Wei Wei , Hu Jianping , Yong Xin , He Chaohui , Bao Jinlun , Zhang Yuening , Zhang Guo , Ji Rui , Bo Yang , Yan Wei , Li Hongjiang , Wang Yanling , Li Mengmeng , Wang Fengmei , Lian Jia , Liu Chang’en , Cao Ping , Liu Zhenbei , Liu Aimin , Zhao Lili , Li Shuang , Wu Yunhai , Gu Ye , Wang Yan , Fang Yanfei , Jiang Pan , Wu Bin , Liu Chuan , Qi Xiaolong 
Published: April 2022

Background and AimsEmergency endoscopy is recommended for patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) and their prognosis has improved markedly over past decades due to the increased specialization of endoscopic practice. The study aimed to compare outcomes following emergency endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in cirrhotic patients with acute EVB.MethodsCirrhotic patients with acute EVB who underwent emergency endoscopy were retrospectively enrolled from 2013 to 2020 across 34 university hospitals from 30 cities. The primary outcome was the incidence of 5-day rebleeding after emergency endoscopy. Subgroup analysis was stratified by Child-Pugh class and bleeding history. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 1,017 and 382 patients were included in EIS group and EVL group, respectively. The 5-day rebleeding incidence was similar between EIS group and EVL group (4% vs. 5%, P = 0.45). The result remained the same after PSM (P = 1.00). Among Child-Pugh class A, B and C patients, there were no differences in the 5-day rebleeding incidence between the two groups after PSM (P = 0.25, 0.82, and 0.21, respectively). As for the patients with or without bleeding history, the differences between EIS group and EVL group were not significant after PSM (P = 1.00 and 0.26, respectively).ConclusionThe nationwide cohort study indicates that EIS and EVL are both efficient emergency endoscopic treatment strategies for acute EVB. EIS should not be dismissed as an economical and effective emergency endoscopic treatment strategy of acute EVB. ClincialTrials.gov number NCT04307264.
Profiling the Research Landscape on Cognitive Aging: A Bibliometric Analysis and Network Visualization
Authors: Othman Zahiruddin , Abdul Halim Ahmad Shahril , Azman Khairunnuur Fairuz , Ahmad Asma Hayati , Zakaria Rahimah , Sirajudeen Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam , Wijaya Adi , Ahmi Aidi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to profile the cognitive aging research landscape from 1956 to 2021.MethodsA total of 3,779 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database for the bibliometric analysis and network visualization. By comparing each keyword’s overall connection strength (centrality), frequency (density), and average year of publication (novelty) to the calculated median values acquired from the overlay view of the VOSviewer map, the enhanced strategic diagrams (ESDs) were constructed.ResultsThe findings showed an increasing trend in the number of publications. The United States leads the contributing countries in cognitive aging research. The scientific productivity pattern obeyed Lotka’s law. The most productive researcher was Deary, I. J., with the highest number of publications. The collaborative index showed an increasing trend from 1980 onwards. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience is the most prestigious journal in the field of cognitive aging research. In Bradford core journals zone 1, the top 10 core journals of cognitive aging research provided more than half of the total articles (697, or 55.36 percent).ConclusionsFor the next decades, the trending topics in cognitive aging research include neuropsychological assessment, functional connectivity, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), decision-making, gender, compensation, default mode network, learning and memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), obesity, D-galactose, epigenetics, frailty, mortality, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), anxiety, and gait speed.
The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Cerebellar Swallowing Cortex on Brain Neural Activities: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Dong Linghui , Ma Wenshuai , Wang Qiang , Pan Xiaona , Wang Yuyang , Han Chao , Meng Pingping 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe effects and possible mechanisms of cerebellar high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing-related neural networks were studied using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).MethodA total of 23 healthy volunteers were recruited, and 19 healthy volunteers were finally included for the statistical analysis. Before stimulation, the cerebellar hemisphere dominant for swallowing was determined by the single-pulse TMS. The cerebellar representation of the suprahyoid muscles of this hemisphere was selected as the target for stimulation with 10 Hz rTMS, 100% resting motor threshold (rMT), and 250 pulses, with every 1 s of stimulation followed by an interval of 9 s. The motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the suprahyoid muscles in the bilateral cerebral cortex was measured before and after stimulation to evaluate the cortical excitability. Forty-eight hours after elution, rTMS was reapplied on the dominant cerebellar representation of the suprahyoid muscles with the same stimulation parameters. Rs-fMRI was performed before and after stimulation to observe the changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homology (ReHo) at 0.01–0.08 Hz, 0.01–0.027 Hz, and 0.027–0.073 Hz.ResultsAfter cerebellar high-frequency rTMS, MEP recorded from swallowing-related bilateral cerebral cortex was increased. The results of rs-fMRI showed that at 0.01–0.08 Hz, ALFF was increased at the pons, right cerebellum, and medulla and decreased at the left temporal lobe, and ReHo was decreased at the left insular lobe, right temporal lobe, and corpus callosum. At 0.01–0.027 Hz, ALFF was decreased at the left temporal lobe, and ReHo was decreased at the right temporal lobe, left putamen, and left supplementary motor area.ConclusionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the swallowing cortex in the dominant cerebellar hemisphere increased the bilateral cerebral swallowing cortex excitability and enhanced pontine, bulbar, and cerebellar spontaneous neural activity, suggesting that unilateral high-frequency stimulation of the cerebellum can excite both brainstem and cortical swallowing centers. These findings all provide favorable support for the application of cerebellar rTMS in the clinical practice.
Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Carotid Artery Stenosis and Stenting in Patients With Previous Cervical Radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Huang Feihong , Shi Xuan , Liu Rui , Han Yunfei , Li Min , Wang Fang , Yang Qingwen , Zhu Wusheng , Ye Ruidong , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesCervical radiotherapy can lead to accelerated carotid artery stenosis, increased incidence of stroke, and a higher rate of in-stent restenosis in irradiated patients. Our objective was to reveal the morphological characteristics of radiation-induced carotid stenosis (RICS) and the stent–vessel interactions in patients with previous cervical radiotherapy by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Materials and MethodsBetween November 2017 and March 2019, five patients with a history of cervical radiotherapy were diagnosed with severe carotid artery stenosis and underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS). OCT was conducted before and immediately after the carotid stent implantation. Two patients received OCT evaluation of carotid stenting at 6- or 13-month follow-up.ResultsThe tumor types indicating cervical radiotherapy were nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 3), cervical esophageal carcinoma (n = 1), and cervical lymphoma (n = 1). The median interval from the radiotherapy to the diagnosis of RICS was 8 years (range 4–36 years). Lesion characteristics of RICS were detected with heterogeneous signal-rich tissue, dissection, and advanced atherosclerosis upon OCT evaluation. Post-interventional OCT revealed 18.2–57.1% tissue protrusion and 3.3–13.8% stent strut malapposition. Follow-up OCT detected homogeneous signal-rich neointima and signal-poor regions around stent struts. In the patient with high rates of tissue protrusion and stent strut malapposition, the 6-month neointima burden reached 48.9% and microvessels were detected.ConclusionThe morphological features of RICS were heterogeneous, including heterogeneous signal-rich tissue, dissection, and advanced atherosclerosis. Stenting was successful in all 5 patients with severe RICS. One patient, with high rates of tissue protrusion and stent strut malapposition immediately after stenting, received in-stent neointimal hyperplasia at a 6-month follow-up.
Efficacy and Safety for the Use of Half-Dosed Pegylated Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors in Preventing Febrile Neutropenia During Chemotherapy in Patients With Malignant Tumors: A Multicenter, Open-Labeled, Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Mei Qi , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Runkun , Qin Kai , Cheng Yi , Cheng Weiting , Dong Youhong , He Zhen , Li Jun , Li Ming , Tang Xi , Wang Xudong , Xiao Xuxuan , Yang Bin , Zhou Yajuan , Wang Rui , Huang Qiao , Hu Guangyuan , Li Jian 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundProphylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to effectively prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) and grade 3/4 neutropenia during myelosuppressive treatment. The present study reports the clinical efficacy and safety of the prophylactic use of G-CSF with a half dose for cancer patients with an intermediate risk of FN combined with ≥1 patient-specific risk during multiple chemotherapy.MethodsThis multicenter, one-arm, and open-label clinical study involved 151 patients [median age, 54 years old (range, 46.0–62.5); 38.4% female] with malignant tumors, including &gt;20 different cancers. These patients underwent a total of 604 cycles of chemotherapy and received a half dose of PEG-rhG-CSF administration prior to each cycle.ResultsThe incidence rate of FN was 3.3% for this cohort during chemotherapy. Chemotherapy delay occurred in 6 (4.0%) patients for 12 (2.0%) cycles. Early termination of cancer treatment occurred in 14 (9.3%) patients. In this cohort, 23 (15.2%) patients required antibiotic use during courses of chemotherapy. A total of 28 (18.5%) patients experienced clear adverse effects during cancer treatment.ConclusionThe prophylactic PEG-rhG-CSF with a half dose can both efficaciously and safely prevent neutropenia for patients of diverse cancers with an intermediate risk of FN combined with ≥1 patient-specific risk during chemotherapy.
Comparison of the Dual Therapy of Ilaprazole-Amoxicillin and the Bismuth Quadruple Therapy of Ilaprazole-Amoxicillin-Furazolidone-Bismuth Glycyrrhizinate for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Niu Min , Zhou Yan , Xie Yunqian , Li Xue , Tian Yonggang , Yao Li , Li Ximei , Gao Hengjun , Bai Feihu 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The present study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of an amoxicillin/ilaprazole regimen with a bismuth quadruple regimen as the first-line treatment for eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, single-center study involving 450 patients with untreated H. pylori infection who were randomly assigned to an Ilaprazole-amoxicillin-furazolidone-bismuth glycyrrhizinate (IAFB) quadruple therapy group for 14 days, a bismuth quadruple therapy group for 10 days, or Ilaprazole-amoxicillin (IA) dual therapy group for 14 days. The 13C urea breath test determined that H. pylori had been eliminated 4–6 weeks after treatment. For patients who failed the first treatment, mucosal tissues (two gastric antrum and one gastric body) were taken under gastroscope for the culture of H. pylori, drug sensitivity, the CYP2C19 gene, and globular degeneration.Results: In the intention-to-treat analysis, the eradication rates of H. pylori in the IAFB-14-day group, the IAFB-10-day group, and the IA-14-day group were 84.0, 79.3, and 88.0%, respectively. In the per-protocol analysis, the eradication rates in the three groups were 94.7, 87.5, and 93.0%, respectively. The resistance rates of patients who failed H. pylori eradication were 68.9% (22/32) for amoxicillin, 90.6% (29/32) for clarithromycin, 68.9% (22/32) for metronidazole, and 87.5% (28/32) for levofloxacin, and the extensive metabolizers of CYP2C19 polymorphism were 59.3% (19/32), the intermediate metabolizers were 34.4% (11/32), and the poor metabolizers were 6.3% (2/32).Conclusion: For newly treated patients with H. pylori infection in China, the efficacy of IA therapy for 14 days was similar to IAFB quadruple therapy for 10 or 14 days with better compliance and less cost. Therefore, these therapies can be considered first-line regimens for empirical treatment.Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR2100052308].