bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Evidence-based Care of Febrile Neonates: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Yu Lily , Bensman Rachel S. , Hariharan Selena L. , McAneney Constance M. , Ovalle Victoria Wurster , Kurowski Eileen Murtagh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Our emergency department updated our care algorithm to provide evidence-based, standardized care to 0- to 60-day-old febrile neonates. Specifically, we wanted to increase the proportion of visits for which algorithm-adherent care was provided from 90% to 95% for infants 0–28 days, and from 67% to 95% for infants 29–60 days, by June 30, 2020.

Methods:
Our emergency medicine team outlined our theory for improvement and used multiple plan-do-study-act cycles to test interventions aimed at key drivers. Interventions included constructing an updated care algorithm, clinician, and nurse education, integrating an updated opt-out order set, and streamlined discharge instructions. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patient encounters in which clinicians ordered algorithm-adherent care. In addition, our quality improvement team manually reviewed all failures to determine the reasons for failure and inform further interventions.

Results:
We evaluated 2,248 visits between January 2018 and October 2021. Algorithm-adherent care for 29- to 60-day-old infants improved from 67% to 92%. Algorithm-adherent care for 0- to 28-day infants improved from 90% to 96%. We sustained these improvements for 22 months. Failure to adhere to the algorithm in the 29- to 60-day-old infant group was primarily due to clinicians not ordering procalcitonin.

Conclusions:
Using quality improvement methods, we successfully increased algorithm-adherent evaluation of febrile neonates 0–60 days old in our pediatric emergency departments. Education and opt-out order sets were keys to implementing our new algorithm.
Sustained Reduction in Intravenous Pump Turnaround Time Using Lean Methodology
Authors: Neogi Smriti , Schneider Glenn , Schaffzin Joshua K. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Intravenous pumps provide essential, life-sustaining medications to patients. Pumps must be in working order and available on short notice to be effective. We identified inefficiencies in our pump management process that inflated the cost and time to complete repairs.

Methods:
Our multidisciplinary team completed a 60-day before-after trial that followed the Toyota Production System Lean methodology and evaluated the sustainability of our improvements for the following 48 months. We used value stream mapping and manual time studies to identify areas for improvement. Device turnaround time (TAT) was the number of days from receiving a device for repair to its return to service. Interventions included: establishing a reliable system to receive and track repair requests, creating a better organized, more efficient workroom, streamlining the inventory of repair parts, and tracking delivery systems reliably.

Results:
We reduced mean intravenous pump TAT by 89% and sustained TAT at 74%–97% below baseline for 4 years, including during the COVID pandemic.

Conclusions:
We used Lean methodology to create a system to receive, track, and provide safe, functional equipment to providers promptly. Both clinical and nonclinical healthcare professionals can use Lean to produce a sustainable improved system.
Successful Implementation of Single Urine Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Evaluating Suspected Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates
Authors: Manzar Shabih , Pichilingue-Reto Patricia , Bhat Ramachandra 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Overuse of laboratory investigations is viewed as medical waste. In the past, to diagnose congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, consecutive urine culture samples were obtained. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, 1 urine specimen should be enough. We conducted this quality improvement study to look at the effect of a practice change from 3 to 1 urine specimen for PCR testing.

Methods:
The authors instituted a single PCR urine test for CMV in their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in May 2021. We reviewed the data on all the urine CMV PCRs obtained on neonates for 1 year, May 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021 (Epoch 1), and compared it with the data obtained from May 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022 (Epoch 2).

Results:
A total of 3,612 neonates were born during the study period—1,816 infants were born during Epoch 1 and 1,796 infants during Epoch 2. A total of 97 neonates (5.3%) were evaluated for congenital CMV infection during Epoch 1 and 149 infants (8.2%) during Epoch 2. The single urine sample CMV evaluation rate during Epoch 1 was 53.6% (52 infants out of 97 infants evaluated), which increased to 98.6% in Epoch 2 (147 infants out of 149 infants), P < 0.001. The monthly average cost per infant declined from a mean value of 70.1 dollars to a mean value of 39.5 dollars.

Conclusions:
We increased the single specimen urine CMV PCR test from 53.6% to 98.6%. The intervention resulted in reducing waste and improving resource utilization.
Micro-cracks and micro-fractures reveal radular tooth architecture and its functional significance in the paludomid gastropodLavigeria grandis
Authors: Krings Wencke , Brütt Jan-Ole , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: August 2022

Most molluscan taxa forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth. The teeth are the actual interfaces between the animal and its ingesta and serve as load-transmitting regions. During foraging, these structures have to withstand high stresses without structural failure and without a high degree of wear. Mechanisms contributing to this failure- and wear-resistance were well studied in the heavily mineralized teeth of Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, but for the rather chitinous teeth of non-limpet snails, we are confronted with a large gap in data. The work presented here on the paludomid gastropodLavigeria grandisaims to shed some light on radular tooth composition and its contribution to failure- and wear-prevention in this type of radula. The teeth were fractured and the micro-cracks studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy, revealing layers within the teeth. Two layers of distinct fibre densities and orientations were detected, covered by a thin layer containing high proportions of calcium and silicon, as determined by elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of failure- and wear-prevention mechanisms in snail radulae without the involvement of heavy mineralization—rendering this an example of a highly functional biological lightweight structure.This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the impact behaviour of pristine and patch-repaired composite laminates
Authors: Liu H. , Brooks R. A. , Hall Z. E. C. , Liu J. , Crocker J. W. M. , Joesbury A. M. , Harper L. T. , Blackman B. R. K. , Kinloch A. J. , Dear J. P. 
Published: August 2022

The present paper investigates the impact behaviour of both pristine carbon-fibre-reinforced-plastic (CFRP) composite laminates and repaired CFRP laminates. For the patch-repaired CFRP specimen, the pristine CFRP panel specimen has been damaged by cutting out a central disc of the CFRP material and then repaired using an adhesively bonded patch of CFRP to cover the hole. Drop-weight, impact tests are performed on these two types of specimens and a numerical elastic-plastic, three-dimensional damage model is developed and employed to simulate the impact behaviour of both types of specimen. This numerical model is meso-scale in nature and assumes that cracks initiate in the CFRP at a nano-scale, in the matrix around fibres, and trigger sub-micrometre intralaminar matrix cracks during the impact event. These localized regions of intralaminar cracking then lead to interlaminar, i.e. delamination, cracking between the neighbouring plies which possess different fibre orientations. These meso-scale, intralaminar and interlaminar, damage processes are modelled using the numerical finite-element analysis model with each individual ply treated as a continuum. Good agreement is found between the results from the experimental studies and the predictions from the numerical simulations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nanocracks in nature and industry’.
10 years of research on toughness enhancement of structural ceramics by graphene
Authors: Ramírez Cristina 
Published: August 2022

Over the past decade, a new family of ceramic matrix composites has been developed from the incorporation of homogeneously dispersed graphene-based fillers (graphene nanoplatelets/GNP, graphene oxide sheets/rGO or graphene nanoribbons/GNR) into the ceramic matrices. These composites have shown a significant increment of their fracture toughness accompanied by other electrical and thermal functionalities, which make them potentially attractive for a wide range of applications. Here, the main methods for testing the fracture toughness of these composites are described, then the principal observations on the reinforcing mechanisms responsible for this improvement are briefly reviewed, and we discuss the relation with graphene platelets type, morphology and alignment.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.
Incivility experienced by immigrants struggling with acculturation: exploring buffering effects of holding behaviors by mentors
Authors: Ghosh Rajashi , Reio Jr Thomas G. , Manongsong Ague Mae 
Published: August 2022

PurposeChallenges with acculturation in organizations may make employees an easy target of workplace incivility and awareness of what constitutes uncivil behaviors at work can influence the association between acculturation and incivility. The current study examined the links between acculturation, incivility and tested mentor holding behavior as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data including responses to incivility vignettes were collected from 163 full-time first- and second-generation immigrant employees in the southeastern United States. The data were analyzed through moderated hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsThe results indicated that those experiencing separation or marginalization in trying to acculturate into the dominant culture reported experiencing uncivil behaviors from supervisors and coworkers. Also, one's awareness of incivility moderated the positive relationship between experience of separation and experiences of incivility, such that this relationship was stronger for those who had higher awareness of what constitutes uncivil behavior. Additionally, the effect of marginalization on reported incivility was dampened with higher levels of mentor holding behavior.Originality/valueThis study’s findings extend the application of the selective incivility theory beyond the minoritized categories of race and gender to the immigrants struggling with acculturation in organizations. Also, our study lends support to widening the theoretical lens for mentoring to include relational systems theory.
The larger, the fitter, the better: clans' evolution, social capital and effectiveness
Authors: Li Yiqi , Bartley Nathan , Sun Jingyi , Williams Dmitri 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTeam social capital (TSC) has been attracting increasing research attention aiming to explore team effectiveness through within- and cross-team resource conduits. This study bridges two disconnected theories – TSC and evolutionary theory – to examine gaming clans and analyzes mechanisms of the clans' TSC building from an evolutionary perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis research draws longitudinal data from a sample of gaming teams (N = 1,267) from anonymized player data from the game World of Tanks spanning 32 months. The authors explored teams' evolutionary patterns using hidden Markov models and applied longitudinal multilevel modeling to test hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that teams of different sizes and levels of evolutionary fitness vary in team closure and bridging social capital. The authors also found that larger teams are more effective than smaller ones. The positive association between team-bridging social capital and effectiveness is more substantial for smaller teams.Originality/valueThis research advances the theoretical development of TSC by including the constructs of teams' evolutionary status when analyzing strategic social capital building. Adding to existing literature studying the outcome of TSC, this research also found a moderating effect of team size between TSC and effectiveness. Finally, this study also contributes to a longitudinal view of TSC and found significant evolutionary patterns of teams' membership, TSC, and effectiveness.
The impact of IFRS convergence on market liquidity: evidence from India
Authors: R. Saravanan , Firoz Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of IFRS convergence on market liquidity and to analyze the firm-level heterogeneity in liquidity effects based on reporting incentive, firm size, ownership structure and firm leverage.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis is based on firm-fixed effect regression using several proxies of market liquidity as dependent variables. The sample consists of 337 firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) who shifted to IFRS from the financial year 2016–2017.

Findings
The empirical findings indicate that IFRS convergence has contributed to the significant increase in market liquidity in a weaker enforcement country, i.e. India. Additionally, when the study performs the heterogeneity test of IFRS impact, the results indicate the presence of significant cross-sectional differences in such liquidity effects across firms. Thus, altogether the findings suggest that both accounting convergence and firm-level factors are likely to be the mechanism underlying the observed improvement in market liquidity.

Originality/value
In the current literature, there is an ongoing debate about whether the observed post-IFRS effects are driven by the change in accounting standard per se or by other related factors. Therefore, by studying the liquidity effects of IFRS convergence in India, this study provides evidence regarding the sources of the documented IFRS effects. Moreover, the study indicates the significance of firm-level factors in determining the observed liquidity outcomes around IFRS adoption, which is unique to the literature.
Dimensions of e-return service quality: conceptual refinement and directions for measurement
Authors: Saxena Shilpi , Chawla Vaibhav , Tähtinen Jaana 
Published: August 2022

PurposeResearch regarding the quality of e-tailers’ service during product returns is sparse and the little that has been performed treats returns as recovery from failure. However, that view is outdated. E-tailers' product return practices have substantially evolved and customers' return behavior has considerably increased, in turn, influencing expectations of customers. Thus, a need arises to revise the understanding of how customers evaluate the quality of e-tailers' service during product returns. This study conceptualizes customer-perceived e-return service quality, identifies e-return's current dimensions, and offers directions for measurement.Design/methodology/approachThis study is conducted in two stages. The first stage follows an abductive approach, with a continuous back-and-forth movement between existing theory and two qualitative data sets to identify the dimensions of e-return service quality. Scale development process is started in the second stage to offer directions for measurement based on the empirically grounded dimensions.FindingsThe conceptualization of e-return service quality identifies six dimensions: (1) owning of responsibility, (2) return convenience, (3) return remedies, (4) service team support, (5) site's return friendliness, and (6) returns diligence. The factor analysis supports the six-factor solution that can be employed for developing a valid scale in future.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that e-tailers who are looking to differentiate themselves through superior e-return service quality should focus on customizing their service through excellent performance on these dimensions.Originality/valueThe paper updates and refines the understanding of service quality in the context of product returns service provided by e-tailers and thus offers a novel contribution.
Diagnostic significance of lactate dehydrogenase in measles virus reinfection cases
Authors: Nishijima Haruna , Ogawa Tomoko , Shirasawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in measles virus (MeV) reinfection cases for the diagnosis of measles have not been extensively studied. Thus, we evaluated the significance of serum LDH in the immune response of patients with MeV reinfection in comparison with those of patients with primary infection. Among 70 patients who tested positive for MeV‐RNA, 42 with high MeV–specific IgG avidity (HA) were suspected as cases of reinfection and 28 with low MeV–specific IgG (LA) were suspected as cases of primary infection. The viral loads in the HA group were also lower than those in the LA group (P < 0.001). The titers of MeV‐specific IgM and IgG in the HA group were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than those in the LA group (P < 0.001). The total LDH and LDH isozyme levels were elevated in the LA group compared with those in the HA group (P < 0.001). Through receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, we determined that the area under the curve of total LDH level was 0.87 (95% CI 0.74–1.00) and that the discriminatory accuracy was high for total LDH and all isozymes. By stepwise binary logistic regression analysis considering MeV‐specific IgG avidity, we developed a model using IgG, IgM, and total LDH as explanatory variables, which was optimal for distinguishing the LA and HA groups (adjusted R2 = 0.773, P < 0.001). Thus, the serum LDH level in addition to IgM and IgG may be useful parameters for differentiating MeV reinfection from primary infection.
Biodegradable active materials containing phenolic acids for food packaging applications
Authors: Ordoñez Ramón , Atarés Lorena , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of new materials for food packaging applications is necessary to reduce the excessive use of disposable plastics and their environmental impact. Biodegradable polymers represent an alternative means of mitigating the problem. To add value to biodegradable materials and to enhance food preservation, the incorporation of active compounds into the polymer matrix is an affordable strategy. Phenolic acids are plant metabolites that can be found in multiple plant extracts and exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Compared with other natural active compounds, such as essential oils, phenolic acids do not present a high sensorial impact while exhibiting similar minimal inhibitory concentrations against different bacteria. This study summarizes and discusses recent studies about the potential of both phenolic acids/plant extracts and biodegradable polymers as active food packaging materials, their properties, interactions, and the factors that could affect their antimicrobial efficiency. The molecular structure of phenolic acids greatly affects their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity, as well as their specific interactions with polymer matrices and food substrates. These interactions, in turn, can lead to plasticizing or cross‐linking effects. In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different biodegradable films with phenolic acids have been described, as well as the main factors affecting the active properties of these films as useful materials for active packaging development. More studies applying these active materials in real foods are required.
A review of recent progress in improving the bioavailability of nutraceutical‐loaded emulsions after oral intake
Authors: Chen Xing , Chen Yan , Liu Yikun , Zou Liqiang , McClements David Julian , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing awareness of the health benefits of specific constituents in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other whole foods has sparked a broader interest in the potential health benefits of nutraceuticals. Many nutraceuticals are hydrophobic substances, which means they must be encapsulated in colloidal delivery systems. Oil‐in‐water emulsions are one of the most widely used delivery systems for improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of these nutraceuticals. The composition and structure of emulsions can be designed to improve the water dispersibility, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability of the encapsulated nutraceuticals. The nature of the emulsion used influences the interfacial area and properties of the nutraceutical‐loaded oil droplets in the gastrointestinal tract, which influences their digestion, as well as the bioaccessibility, metabolism, and absorption of the nutraceuticals. In this article, we review recent in vitro and in vivo studies on the utilization of emulsions to improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. The findings from this review should facilitate the design of more efficacious nutraceutical‐loaded emulsions with increased bioactivity.
Changes in scientific characteristics of abstracts accepted to the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, 1990–2020
Authors: Camargo Carlos A. , Boggs Krislyn M. , Cash Rebecca E. , Doshi Vishal P. , Isaacson Henry H. , Hasegawa Kohei , Raja Ali S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince its founding in 1989, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) has accepted thousands of abstracts for presentation at its annual meeting. We reviewed abstracts to characterize temporal changes in study design, abstract topics, quality scores, and proportion of abstracts published as manuscripts.MethodsIn this serial cross‐sectional study, we compiled accepted SAEM abstracts at 5‐year intervals (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) and then randomly selected 100 abstracts from each year for review by two investigators. We documented each abstract's study design, sample size, and whether it was a single‐center or multicenter study. We assigned each abstract to the most appropriate topic category. Applying SAEM's abstract scoring system from 2020, we calculated the mean overall quality score per year. Finally, we searched PubMed to determine if abstracts from 1990–2015 meetings were published as manuscripts.ResultsThe number of accepted abstracts increased from 180 in 1990 to 879 in 2020 (+388%). The most common study design changed from laboratory study in 1990 (22%) to cohort study in 2020 (44%; p < 0.001). The median study sample size increased over time, from 105 (interquartile range [IQR] 25–389) in 1990 to 544 (IQR 102–2067) in 2020 (p < 0.001). Multicenter studies have become more common (19% in 1990 vs. 40% in 2020; p = 0.001). The most common topic categories also changed from cardiology/pulmonary/airway (40%) and orthopedic/trauma/burn (17%) in 1990 to health services research/health policy/operations (25%) and cardiology/pulmonary/airway (22%) in 2020. There was a 20% increase in overall quality scores (p < 0.001). Between 37% and 49% of the abstracts reviewed from each year were later published as manuscripts, with no significant change over time (p = 0.33).ConclusionsOver the past 30 years, there have been significant changes to the study designs, topics, and quality scores of SAEM meeting abstracts. However, conversion of abstracts to published manuscripts remains a challenge.