bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Norton William G. , Pearson Robert , Devlin Joanne , Nicholson Michael L. , Hosgood Sarah A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a promising new tool in kidney transplantation to improve the outcome of marginal donor kidney transplantation. This review examines the current evidence for NMP in clinical practice and considers how the technology may be used in the future.

Recent Findings and Summary
There is emerging evidence to suggest that NMP has the potential to expand the donor pool of transplantable organs. The safety and feasibility of NMP have been established in a number of clinical studies but more research is needed to optimise the perfusion conditions. NMP shows promise as a viability assessment tool with particular focus on biomarkers and imaging techniques which provide real-time information to facilitate transplantation decision-making. Moreover, the exciting development of new potential therapeutics such as cell and gene-based therapies which are deliverable during NMP may also improve and recondition grafts prior to implantation.
Prevention of high body mass index and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Le Long Khanh-Dao , Tan Eng Joo , Perez Joahna Kevin , Chiotelis Oxana , Hay Phillipa , Ananthapavan Jaithri , Lee Yong Yi , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (EDs) and high body mass index (BMI) are two important public health issues with significant health and cost impacts. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to establish whether interventions are effective in preventing both issues.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched up to 10 May 2021. Studies were included if they were randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that evaluated a preventive intervention (regardless of its aim to prevent ED, high BMI or both) and reported both EDs and BMI-related outcomes. Both narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were used to synthesise the results. Publication bias was also investigated.

Results
Fifty-four studies were included for analysis. The primary aim of the studies was ED prevention (n = 23), high BMI prevention (n = 21) and both ED and high BMI prevention (n = 10). Meta-analysis results indicated that preventive interventions had a significant effect on several ED outcomes including dieting, shape and weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, eating disorder symptoms and internalization, with effect sizes ranging from – 0.16 (95% CI – 0.27, – 0.06) to – 0.61 (95% CI – 0.29, – 0.04). Despite several studies that demonstrated positive impacts on BMI, there was no significant effect on BMI-related measures in the meta-analysis. The risk of publication bias was low for the majority of the pooled effect results.

Conclusion
Preventive interventions were effective for either high BMI or EDs. However, there is limited evidence to show that current preventive interventions were effective in reducing both outcomes. Further research is necessary to explore the risk factors that are shared by these weight-related disorders as well as effective prevention interventions.

Level of evidence
Level I: systematic review.
Anti-nuclear autoantibodies in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Lanzolla G. , Puccinelli L. , Giudetti M. , Comi S. , Menconi F. , Maglionico M. N. , Posarelli C. , Figus M. , Marcocci C. , Marinò M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveA relationship between thyroid and non-organ-specific autoimmunity could be relevant for Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), which affects connective tissue. We investigated the association between GO and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs).MethodsRetrospective investigation was conducted in 265 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 158 with and 107 without GO. Primary outcome was: prevalence of ANAs in GO vs no-GO. Secondary outcomes were: (1) relationship between ANAs and GO features; (2) prevalence of ANAs in GD compared with non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism [(78 patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG)]; (3) distribution of ANA patterns.ResultsANAs were detected in 212 (80%) GD patients, but prevalence did not differ between GO (79.7%) and no-GO (80.3%). Higher ANA titers (1:160) were more common in GO (51.5 vs 38.3%), but only nearly significantly (OR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–1;P = 0.059). Proptosis was lower in ANA-positive patients (mean difference: − 1.4 mm; 95% CI from − 2.5 to − 0.3;P = 0.011), in whom nearly significantly lower CAS (Mann–WhitneyU: 1.5;P = 0.077) and eyelid aperture (mean difference: − 0.9 mm; 95% CI from − 2 to 0;P = 0.062) were observed. Prevalence of ANAs in GD was lower than in TNG (80 vs 91%; OR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.9;P = 0.028), but nuclear speckled pattern was more frequent (OR 22.9; 95% CI 1.3–381.3;P = 0.028).ConclusionsAlthough ANAs are not more frequent in GO, they seem to exert a protective role on its severity and on development of GD. A switch of T cell population in ANA-positive patients, resulting in a different phenotype, may be responsible. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms.
Teaching Mathematical Modelling and Programming with GAMS in Dual Management Master Curricula Using Flipped Classrooms and Open Book Exams
Authors: Jahr Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a flipped classroom based teaching concept and related open book exam for Master’s courses in the field of Operational Research while paying particular attention to dual curricula management students. The characteristics of dual curricula include that students study part-time complemented by practical stages in cooperating firms. As a consequence, there is a limited number of lectures available compared to full-time programs. Hence, adequate course structures are needed to facilitate learning and encourage students to explore the research field further. We present an illustrative teaching concept focusing on the well-known Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) and GAMS programming. Moreover, we demonstrate how self-study phases and classroom trainings are systematically combined to support the management students’ autonomous programming activities culminating in 24-h open book exams.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on composition, carbon fraction and abiotic stability of straw biochars: correlation and quantitative analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Yang Xueqi , Yuan Xiangru , Tian Sicong , Wang Xinlei , Zhang Hehu , Han Lujia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiochar provides an important pathway for the global response to climate change. The abiotic stability of biochar is important for its application in carbon capture and sequestration. To systematically illustrate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on composition, carbon fraction and abiotic stability of straw biochar, four kinds of straw biochars were prepared at pyrolysis temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. The ultimate and proximate compositions, different carbon fractions and abiotic stability of prepared biochar were characterized, and their qualitative and quantitative relationships were established by Kendall correlation analysis, factor analysis and different regression analysis methods. Results showed that pyrolysis temperature influenced compositions and carbon fractions directly, which affected the abiotic stability of biochar (p < 0.01). The higher the pyrolysis temperature (up to 500 °C), the higher the abiotic stability of biochar. The different abiotic stability indicators, including thermal stability (ratios of volatile matter and fixed carbon, hydrogen and organic carbon, oxygen and organic carbon, and thermal stability index R50), dissolution stability and chemical oxidation-resistant stability of biochar, all followed exponential functions with pyrolysis temperature. Unitary and binary linear regression equations among compositions, carbon fractions and the abiotic stability evaluation indicators were established. We hope that the results are scientifically valuable for a better understanding of the inherent properties of straw biochar, and thus help simplify the screening of appropriate indicators for evaluating the properties and abiotic stability of biochar.
Graphical Abstract
Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, and Potential Trajectories of Future Change
Authors: Zolkos Scott , Tank Suzanne E. , Kokelj Steven V. , Striegl Robert G. , Shakil Sarah , Voigt Carolina , Sonnentag Oliver , Quinton William L. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Zona Donatella , Lafleur Peter M. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Ueyama Masahito , Billesbach David , Cook David , Humphreys Elyn R. , Marsh Philip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntensifying permafrost thaw alters carbon cycling by mobilizing large amounts of terrestrial substrate into aquatic ecosystems. Yet, few studies have measured aquatic carbon fluxes and constrained drivers of ecosystem carbon balance across heterogeneous Arctic landscapes. Here, we characterized hydrochemical and landscape controls on fluvial carbon cycling, quantified fluvial carbon fluxes, and estimated fluvial contributions to ecosystem carbon balance across 33 watersheds in four ecoregions in the continuous permafrost zone of the western Canadian Arctic: unglaciated uplands, ice‐rich moraine, and organic‐rich lowlands and till plains. Major ions, stable isotopes, and carbon speciation and fluxes revealed patterns in carbon cycling across ecoregions defined by terrain relief and accumulation of organics. In previously unglaciated mountainous watersheds, bicarbonate dominated carbon export (70% of total) due to chemical weathering of bedrock. In lowland watersheds, where soil organic carbon stores were largest, lateral transport of dissolved organic carbon (50%) and efflux of biotic CO2 (25%) dominated. In watersheds affected by thaw‐induced mass wasting, erosion of ice‐rich tills enhanced chemical weathering and increased particulate carbon fluxes by two orders of magnitude. From an ecosystem carbon balance perspective, fluvial carbon export in watersheds not affected by thaw‐induced wasting was, on average, equivalent to 6%–16% of estimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In watersheds affected by thaw‐induced wasting, fluvial carbon export approached 60% of NEE. Because future intensification of thermokarst activity will amplify fluvial carbon export, determining the fate of carbon across diverse northern landscapes is a priority for constraining trajectories of permafrost region ecosystem carbon balance.
Environmental Calibration of Coral Luminescence as a Proxy for Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration in Tropical Coastal Oceans
Authors: Kaushal Nikita , Tanzil Jani T. I. , Zhou Yongli , Ong Maria Rosabelle , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Martin Patrick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe riverine flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM) to the ocean is a significant contributor to the global carbon cycle. In response to anthropogenic drivers the flux is expected to increase. This may impact the availability of sunlight in coastal ecosystems, and the seawater carbonate system and coastal CO2 fluxes. Despite its significance, there are few long‐term and high‐resolution time series of tDOM parameters. Corals incorporate fluorescent tDOM molecules from the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) pool in their skeletons. The resulting coral skeletal luminescence variability has traditionally been used to reconstruct hydroclimate variation. Here, we use two replicate coral cores and concurrent in‐situ biogeochemical data from the Sunda Shelf Sea in Southeast Asia, where peatlands supply high tDOM inputs, to show that variability in coral luminescence green‐to‐blue ratios (coral G/B) can be used to quantitatively reconstruct terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) concentration. Moreover, coral G/B can be used to reconstruct the CDOM absorption spectrum from 230 to 550 nm, and the specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) of the DOM pool. Comparison to a core from Borneo shows that there may be site‐specific offsets in the G/B–CDOM absorption relationship, but that the slope of the relationship is very similar, validating the robustness of the proxy. By demonstrating that corals can be used to estimate past changes in coastal tDOC and CDOM, we establish a method to study drivers of land–ocean tDOM fluxes and their ecological consequences in tropical coastal seas over decadal to centennial time scales.
Rocket Measurements of Electron Energy Spectra From Earth's Photoelectron Production Layer
Authors: Collinson Glyn A. , Glocer Alex , Chornay Dennis , Michell Robert , Pfaff Rob , Cameron Tim , Uribe Paulo , Frahm Rudy A. , Rosnack Traci , Pirner Chris , Gass Ted , Clemmons Jim , Barjatya Aroh , Martin Steven , Akbari Hassanali , Debchoudhury Shantanab , Conway Rachel , Eparvier Francis , Zesta Eftyhia , Paschalidis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrons are crucial to atmospheric physics. They heat the atmosphere, strengthen planetary ambipolar electric fields, and enhance the outflow of ions to space. However, there exist only a handful of measurements of their energy spectrum near the peak of photoproduction. We present calibrated energy spectra of pristine photoelectrons at their source by a prototype Dual Electrostatic Analyzer (DESA) instrument flown on 11 July 2021 aboard the Dynamo‐2 sounding rocket (NASA № 36.357). Photopeaks arising from 30.4 nm He‐II spectral line were observed throughout the flight above 120 km. DESA also successfully resolved the rarely observed N2 absorption feature. Below 10 eV observations were in good agreement with the GLOW suprathermal electron. Above 10 eV fluxes substantially deviated from the model by as much as an order of magnitude.
New Observations of Recently Active Wrinkle Ridges in the Lunar Mare: Implications for the Timing and Origin of Lunar Tectonics
Authors: Nypaver C. A. , Thomson B. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe variety of tectonic features on the Moon indicates that the lunar lithosphere has undergone a complex deformational history. Lobate scarps and wrinkle ridges are two such tectonic features that have resulted from compressional stresses. The crisp morphologies and cross cutting relations associated with a global population of lobate scarps have been cited as evidence for their recent (<1.0 Ga) formation, but observations of recently active wrinkle ridges have not been made on a similar scale. Here, we present new observations of 1,116 recently active (∼0.056–1.5 Ga) wrinkle ridge segments on the lunar maria. Our results indicate that clusters of recently active wrinkle ridges are distributed across ∼90% of nearside mare basins. Spatial correlations were noted between wrinkle ridge orientations with predicted stress fields from both orbital recession and global contraction as well as ongoing reactivation of a residual set of structures associated with the South Pole–Aitken basin.
Atmospheric Circulation Constraints on 21st Century Seasonal Precipitation Storylines for the Southwestern United States
Authors: Grise Kevin M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrecipitation is vital for the water‐limited region of the southwestern United States. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 global climate models project 21st century precipitation trends of varying sign for this region, even if forced by an identical anthropogenic emissions scenario. This study investigates the role of the present‐day and future atmospheric circulation in driving the disparity in precipitation trends among models. The wettest model projections are linked to the development of an anomalous mid‐tropospheric trough over the eastern North Pacific Ocean, which depends in part on future unpredictable internal variability. By contrast, future precipitation trends are also linked to models' representation of the present‐day climatological mid‐tropospheric ridge over western North America. Models that fail to properly simulate this ridge in the present‐day climatology are responsible for the most extreme outlier precipitation scenarios for the Southwest for the 21st century: extreme drying in winter and extreme wetting in summer.
Evidence for Anthropogenic Organic Aerosols Contributing to Ice Nucleation
Authors: Tian Ping , Liu Dantong , Bi Kai , Huang Mengyu , Wu Yangzhou , Hu Kang , Li Ruijie , He Hui , Ding Deping , Hu Yaqiong , Liu Quan , Zhao Delong , Qiu Yan , Kong Shaofei , Xue Huiwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe role of organic aerosols (OA) as ice nucleating particles (INPs) deserves attention because of their high atmospheric abundance. The low concentration of INPs poses challenges in identifying the ice nucleation (IN) of OA among a mix of aerosol types in ambient environment. This study coupled a catalytic stripper system (350°C heating) with a continuous flow diffusion chamber to online investigate the immersion INPs of ambient particles at −30°C at a suburban site. Significant reduction (71 ± 25%) of INP concentrations after evaporation suggested that INPs can be significantly contributed by volatile OA. In addition, nonvolatile OA were more efficient INPs than black carbon. Oxygenated OA by photooxidation and lower ambient promoted the IN activity at noon, when the OA may be more viscous. These results hereby present the first field evidence that OA in anthropogenically influenced regions can be efficient INPs well above the homogeneous IN temperature.
Kinematic Representations of Linear and Power‐Law Viscoelastic Deformation Through the Earthquake Cycle
Authors: Meade Brendan J. , Mallick Rishav , Carrero‐Mustelier Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractViscoelastic deformation below the Earth's elastic crust is modulated by stresses generated by both plate tectonic and earthquake cycle processes. Rapid near‐fault deformation following large earthquakes has been interpreted as the signature of viscoelastic stress diffusion in the upper mantle and earthquake cycle models have been developed that integrated this effect throughout the duration of the earthquake cycle. Here we develop a surrogate method to approximate the upper crustal kinematics associated with time‐dependent viscoelastic deformation that does not require knowledge of nor provide constraints on subcrustal rheology. To do this we show how the effects of deformation in the viscoelastic upper mantle can be emulated by introducing a set of effective dislocations at crust‐mantle interface. The approach is shown to approximate both linear and power‐law viscoelastic rheologies and offers a way to accurately represent viscoelastic kinematics even in the case where upper mantle rheology is poorly constrained.
Generalization of Runoff Risk Prediction at Field Scales to a Continental‐Scale Region Using Cluster Analysis and Hybrid Modeling
Authors: Ford Chanse M. , Hu Yao , Ghosh Chirantan , Fry Lauren M. , Malakpour‐Estalaki Siamak , Mason Lacey , Fitzpatrick Lindsay , Mazrooei Amir , Goering Dustin C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs surface water resources in the U.S. continue to be pressured by excess nutrients carried by agricultural runoff, the need to assess runoff risk at the field scale continues to grow in importance. Most landscape hydrologic models developed at regional scales have limited applicability at finer spatial scales. Hybrid models can be used to address the scale mismatch between model simulation and applicability, but could be limited by their ability to generalize over a large domain with heterogeneous hydrologic characteristics. To assist the generalization, we develop a regionalization approach based on the principal component analysis and K‐means clustering to identify the clusters with similar runoff potential over the Great Lakes region. For each cluster, hybrid models are developed by combining National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Water Model and a data‐driven model, eXtreme gradient boosting with field‐scale measurements, enabling prediction of daily runoff risk level at the field scale over the entire region.
Observations of the First Harmonic of Saturn Kilometric Radiation During Cassini's Grand Finale
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Zarka Philippe , Lamy Laurent , Taubenschuss Ulrich , Cecconi Baptiste , Ye Shengyi , Fischer Georg , Kurth William S. , Francez Théo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClear first harmonic emissions of Saturn Kilometric Radiation are discovered during the Cassini Grand Finale orbits. Both ordinary (O) and extraordinary (X) mode fundamental emissions accompanied by X mode harmonics are observed. Analysis shows that the frequency ratio between the fundamental and harmonic emissions is 2.01 ± 0.08, and the harmonic emissions display weaker intensities than the fundamental, by 30–40 dB for the X‐X (fundamental‐harmonic) type harmonic and 10–30 dB for the O‐X type harmonic. The intensity relations between the two types of harmonics, that is, O‐X and X‐X show different patterns that we attribute to different conditions of emission at the source. Direction‐finding results shows that the fundamental and harmonic emissions are plausibly generated in the same source region. In agreement with previous studies at Earth, the generation of the two types of harmonics can be attributed to the cyclotron maser instability operating with different plasma density and electron energy distributions in the source region.
The Influence of Pine Island Ice Shelf Calving on Basal Melting
Authors: Bradley A. T. , Bett D. T. , Dutrieux P. , De Rydt J. , Holland P. R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe combination of the Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) draft and a seabed ridge beneath it form a topographic barrier, restricting access of warm Circumpolar Deep Water to a cavity inshore of the ridge, thus exerting an important control on PIIS basal ablation. In addition, PIIS has recently experienced several large calving events and further calving could significantly alter the cavity geometry. Changes in the ice front location, together with changes in ice thickness, might relax the topographic barrier and thus significantly change basal melt rates. Here, we consider the impact of past, and possible future, calving events on PIIS melt rates. We use a high‐resolution ocean model to simulate melt rates in both an idealized domain whose geometry captures the salient features of Pine Island Glacier, and a realistic geometry accurately resembling it, to explore how calving affects melt rates. The idealized simulations reveal that the melt response to calving has a sensitive dependence on the thickness of the gap between PIIS and the seabed ridge and inform our interpretation of the realistic simulations, which suggest that PIIS melt rates did not respond significantly to recent calving. However, the mean melt rate increases approximately linearly with further calving, and is amplified by approximately 10% relative to present day once the ice front reaches the ridge‐crest, taking less than one decade if calving maintains its present rate. This provides strong evidence that calving may represent an important, but as yet unexplored, contribution to the ice‐ocean sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.