bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of VOCs and additives in Italian PET bottles and studies on potential functional aldehydes scavengers
Authors: Dattilo Sandro , Gugliuzzo Chiara , Mirabella Emanuele F. , Puglisi Concetto , Scamporrino Andrea A. , Zampino Daniela C. , Samperi Filippo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study focused on characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as contaminants and non-volatile additives in Italian PET bottles, also suggesting potential functional aldehydes scavengers. Several VOCs, such as acetic aldehyde (AA), butanal, 3-methyl butanal, 1,3-dioxolane, pentanal, hexanal, octanal, 5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, and decanal, were identified by Head Space-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) in the PET bottles used for the packaging of six Italian brands mineral waters. AA, 1,3-dioxolane, octanal, 5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, and decanal were the most abundant compounds identified. These contaminants were also identified in the PET-bottled mineral waters. Different experiments using bottle-grade PET pellets (Btlg-PET) and PET bottles’ fragments with and without the addition of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) or erucamide as lubricant/plasticizer additives, poly(m-xylene adipamide) (MXD6), and/or anthranilamide (2-aminobenzamide) as potential aldehydes scavengers were carried out. Mostly VOCs observed in the PET bottles analysed were identified in a neat ESBO sample. The presence of the ESBO additive in the PET-bottle fragments was also observed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI–TOF MS). The ESBO sub-products were not observed in the virgin btlg-PET pellets analysed by both HS-GC/MS and MALDI–TOF MS. These results suggest that the VOCs come from an ESBO additive probably loaded during the blow-moulding processes used for the manufacturing of PET bottles. Further studies established that MXD6 (1%w), an efficient oxygen scavenger, could be also used as AA scavenger even in the presence of the commonly used anthranilamide.
Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence, Length of Hospital Stay, and 30-Day Mortality in Sweden from 1998–2017: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nordström Peter , Bergman Jonathan , Ballin Marcel , Nordström Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this nationwide cohort study, we investigated trends in hip fracture incidence, hospital length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality after admission in Sweden. The cohort included all individuals in Sweden aged ≥ 50 years with a first hip fracture diagnosis during 1998–2017 (N = 313,761). The outcomes were hip fracture incidence and 30-day mortality. The results showed that the incidence of hip fracture decreased from 79.2 to 46.7/10,000 population in women and from 35.7 to 26.5/10,000 population in men. In contrast, 30-day mortality increased from 4.3% to 6.2% in women (P < 0.001) and from 8.4% to 11.1% in men (P < 0.001). Strong risk factors (P < 1 × 10–25 for all) for 30-day mortality were older age, male sex, and shorter LOS. From 1998 to 2017, LOS decreased by on average 4 days and was shorter in both male and female aged ≥ 90 years compared to those aged 80–89 (P < 0.001 for comparisons). In conclusion, despite population aging, hip fracture incidence in Sweden has decreased over the last 20 years. However, short-term mortality has increased, which to some extent may partly be explained by the fact that LOS has decreased without being adapted to important risk factors.
Imaging of neuroinflammation due to repetitive head injury in currently active kickboxers
Authors: Stormezand Gilles N. , Doorduin Janine , Rakers Sandra E. , Spikman Jacoba M. , van der Naalt Joukje , García David Vállez , van der Hoorn Anouk , van der Weijden Chris W. J. , Kremer Berry P. H. , Renken Remco J. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy refers to a neurodegenerative disease resulting from repetitive head injury of participants in contact sports. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. Limited knowledge is available regarding the neuroinflammatory consequences of repetitive head injury in currently active contact sports athletes. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) allows quantification of microglial activation in vivo, a marker of neuroinflammation.

Methods
Eleven rank A kickboxers and 11 age-matched controls underwent TSPO PET using [11C]-PK11195, anatomical MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and neuropsychological testing. Relevant imaging parameters were derived and correlated with the outcomes of the neuropsychological testing.

Results
On a group level, no statistically significant differences were detected in non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) using PET. Individually, 3 kickboxers showed increased BPNDs in widespread regions of the brain without a correlation with other modalities. Increased FA was observed in the superior corona radiata bilaterally. DTI parameters in other regions did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Despite negative results on a group level, individual results suggest that neuroinflammation may be present as a consequence of repetitive head injury in active kickboxers. Future studies using a longitudinal design may determine whether the observed TSPO upregulation is related to the future development of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Epidemiology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Brazil from 2008 to 2019 and Comprehensive Review of Nationwide Statistics Across the World
Authors: Louzada Andressa Cristina Sposato , da Silva Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino , Portugal Maria Fernanda Cassino , Stabellini Nickolas , Zerati Antonio Eduardo , Amaro Edson , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Wolosker Nelson 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudying epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms repairs is essential to prevent related deaths. Although outcomes are influenced by socioeconomic factors, there are no nationwide studies on these statistics in low‐and‐middle income countries. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate abdominal aortic aneurysms repair rates, trends, costs, and in‐hospital mortality in the Brazilian Public Health System, which exclusively insures over 160 million Brazilians.Material and MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional population‐based analysis of publicly available data referring to all abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs performed between 2008 and 2019 in Brazilian public hospitals.ResultsWe observed a total of 13,506 abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, of which 32% were emergency endovascular repairs, 20% emergency open repairs, 32% elective endovascular repairs and 16% elective open repairs. There has been a downward trend in total abdominal aortic aneurysms repairs and an increasing predominance of endovascular repair. Elective and endovascular repairs were significantly associated with lower in‐hospital mortality. For ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, we observed mortality rates of 13.8% after endovascular repair and 52.1% after open repair. For intact abdominal aortic aneurysms, we observed mortalities of 3.8% after endovascular repair and 18.6% after open repair. Procedure and mortality rates varied significantly among the Brazilian regions.ConclusionsWe observed a low and decreasing rate of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Most repairs were emergency and endovascular and there was an increasing predominance of endovascular repair. Endovascular and elective repairs were associated with lower mortality.
Sensor-based gait analyses of the six-minute walk test identify qualitative improvement in gait parameters of people with multiple sclerosis after rehabilitation
Authors: Berg-Hansen Pål , Moen Stine Marit , Austeng Andreas , Gonzales Victor , Klyve Thomas Dahl , Negård Henrik , Seeberg Trine Margrethe , Celius Elisabeth Gulowsen , Meyer Frédéric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine whether wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) could detect gait improvements across different disability groups of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) during a rehabilitation stay in a specialized rehabilitation center. Forty-six pwMS and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. They performed the 6MWT with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the feet. Thirty-two of the pwMS were retested at the end of the stay. PwMS were divided in a mild-disability and a moderate-disability group. The 6MWT was divided in six sections of 1 min each for technical analysis, and linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. The comparison between the two disability groups and HC highlighted significant differences for each gait parameter (all p < 0.001). The crossing effect between the test–retest and the two disability groups showed greater improvement for the moderate-disability group. Finally, the gait parameter with the higher effect size, allowing the best differentiation between the disability groups, was the foot flat ratio (R2 = 0.53). Gait analyses from wearable sensors identified different evolutions of gait patterns during the 6MWT in pwMS with different physical disability. The measured effect of a short-time rehabilitation on gait with 6MWT was higher for pwMS with higher degree of disability. Using IMUs in a clinical setting allowed to identify significant changes in inter-stride gait patterns. Wearable sensors and key parameters have the potential as useful clinical tools for focusing on gait in pwMS.
Surufatinib plus toripalimab in patients with advanced solid tumors: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1 trial
Authors: Cao Yanshuo , Lu Ming , Sun Yu , Gong Jifang , Li Jie , Lu Zhihao , Li Jian , Zhang Xiaotian , Li Yan , Peng Zhi , Zhou Jun , Wang Xicheng , Shen Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This phase 1 trial evaluated the safety, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of surufatinib, a small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor, combined with toripalimab, a programmed cell death protein-1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
This is an open-label, dose-escalation and expansion study in patients with solid tumors who had failed standard therapies or had no effective treatment. In the dose-escalation stage, patients were treated with surufatinib, at dose levels of 200, 250, or 300 mg once daily (QD) in combination with toripalimab 240 mg, every 3 weeks (Q3W), to estimate maximum tolerated dose. Additional patients were enrolled in the dose expansion stage to further assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics profile. Recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was determined based on the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy from dose-escalation and expansion stages.

Results
From Feb 14, 2019 to Dec 20, 2020, 33 patients were screened, of which 30 patients were enrolled. One patient in the 300 mg cohort experienced dose limited toxicity, a grade 3 hyperthyroidism. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were hypertension (20.0%), transaminases increased (13.3%), and blood bilirubin increased (13.3%). No treatment-related death or treatment discontinuation was identified. The RP2D was determined to be surufatinib 250 mg QD plus toripalimab 240 mg Q3W. Objective response rate was 24.1% (95% confidence interval 10.3‒43.5%) in this study.

Conclusions
Surufatinib plus toripalimab was well tolerated, with no unexpected safety signals, and showed preliminary anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03879057; registration date: March 18, 2019.
Open-vent volcanoes fuelled by depth-integrated magma degassing
Authors: Edmonds M. , Liu E.J. , Cashman K.V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOpen-vent, persistently degassing volcanoes—such as Stromboli and Etna (Italy), Villarrica (Chile), Bagana and Manam (Papua New Guinea), Fuego and Pacaya (Guatemala) volcanoes—produce high gas fluxes and infrequent violent strombolian or ‘paroxysmal’ eruptions that erupt very little magma. Here we draw on examples of open-vent volcanic systems to highlight the principal characteristics of their degassing regimes and develop a generic model to explain open-vent degassing in both high and low viscosity magmas and across a range of tectonic settings. Importantly, gas fluxes from open-vent volcanoes are far higher than can be supplied by erupting magma and independent migration of exsolved volatiles is integral to the dynamics of such systems. The composition of volcanic gases emitted from open-vent volcanoes is consistent with its derivation from magma stored over a range of crustal depths that in general requires contributions from both magma decompression (magma ascent and/or convection) and iso- and polybaric second boiling processes. Prolonged crystallisation of water-rich basalts in crustal reservoirs produces a segregated exsolved hydrous volatile phase that may flux through overlying shallow magma reservoirs, modulating heat flux and generating overpressure in the shallow conduit. Small fraction water-rich melts generated in the lower and mid-crust may play an important role in advecting volatiles to subvolcanic reservoirs. Excessive gas fluxes at the surface are linked to extensive intrusive magmatic activity and endogenous crustal growth, aided in many cases by extensional tectonics in the crust, which may control the longevity and activity of open-vent volcanoes. There is emerging abundant geophysical evidence for the existence of a segregated exsolved magmatic volatile phase in magma storage regions in the crust. Here we provide a conceptual picture of gas-dominated volcanoes driven by magmatic intrusion and degassing throughout the crust.
On 3-Coloring of ($$2P_4,C_5$$)-Free Graphs
Authors: Jelínek Vít , Klimošová Tereza , Masařík Tomáš , Novotná Jana , Pokorná Aneta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 3-coloring of hereditary graph classes has been a deeply-researched problem in the last decade. A hereditary graph class is characterized by a (possibly infinite) list of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs $$H_1,H_2,\ldots $$

H
1

,

H
2

,
…

; the graphs in the class are called $$(H_1,H_2,\ldots )$$

(

H
1

,

H
2

,
…
)

-free. The complexity of 3-coloring is far from being understood, even for classes defined by a few small forbidden induced subgraphs. For H-free graphs, the complexity is settled for any H on up to seven vertices. There are only two unsolved cases on eight vertices, namely $$2P_4$$

2

P
4

and $$P_8$$

P
8

. For $$P_8$$

P
8

-free graphs, some partial results are known, but to the best of our knowledge, $$2P_4$$

2

P
4

-free graphs have not been explored yet. In this paper, we show that the 3-coloring problem is polynomial-time solvable on $$(2P_4,C_5)$$

(
2

P
4

,

C
5

)

-free graphs.
Electrolysis energy efficiency of highly concentrated FeCl2 solutions for power-to-solid energy storage technology
Authors: Luin Uroš , Valant Matjaž 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn electrochemical cycle for the grid energy storage in the redox potential of Fe involves the electrolysis of a highly concentrated aqueous FeCl2solution yielding solid iron deposits. For the high overall energy efficiency of the cycle, it is crucial to maximize the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. Here we present a study of the influence of electrolysis parameters on the energy efficiency of such electrolysis, performed in an industrial-type electrolyzer. We studied the conductivity of the FeCl2solution as a function of concentration and temperature and correlated it with the electrolysis energy efficiency. The deviation from the correlation indicated an important contribution from the conductivity of the ion-exchange membrane. Another important studied parameter was the applied current density. We quantitatively showed how the contribution of the resistance polarization increases with the current density, causing a decrease in overall energy efficiency. The highest energy efficiency of 89 ± 3% was achieved using 2.5 mol L−1FeCl2solution at 70 °C and a current density of 0.1 kA m−2. In terms of the energy input per Fe mass, this means 1.88 Wh g−1. The limiting energy input per mass of the Fe deposit was found to be 1.76 Wh g−1.Graphical abstract
Two Mechanisms Drive Changes in Boreal Peatland Photosynthesis Following Long-Term Water Level Drawdown: Species Turnover and Altered Photosynthetic Capacity
Authors: Kokkonen Nicola , Laine Anna M. , Männistö Elisa , Mehtätalo Lauri , Korrensalo Aino , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change and the related increases in evapotranspiration threaten to make northern peatlands drier. The carbon sink function in peatlands is based on the delicate balance between the photosynthesis and decomposition. However, little is known about how existing and invading plant species will photosynthesize under drier conditions. The aim of this study is to quantify the long-term consequences of climate change-induced drying for peatland photosynthesis in the level of individual species and vegetation community. We measured the species-level photosynthesis of vascular plants and mosses characteristic for the three peatland types (rich fen, poor fen, bog) within a 16-year water level drawdown (WLD) experiment. Measurements were made in the laboratory from mesocosms collected from the field within the same day. We applied nonlinear mixed-effects models to test the impact of WLD on hyperbolic photosynthetic light response curve parameters. The model was then used to upscale photosynthesis to site-level. WLD impacted site-level photosynthesis through two mechanisms: species turnover and changes in species-level photosynthesis rate. The rich fen was the most sensitive and underwent major changes through both mechanisms; the vascular plant community shifted to woody plant dominance with higher rate of photosynthesis than the pre-treatment vegetation, and the rate of species-level photosynthesis increased significantly. The bog had a stable plant community with little change in photosynthesis, while the poor fen was an intermediate of the three peatland types. Our results suggest that vascular plants are the main drivers of site-level productivity changes, while mosses are more resistant to change. The change seems proportional to the availability of mineral nutrients, with higher nutrient status supporting vascular plant expansion.
Prevalence, Response and Management of Self-harm in School Children Under 13 Years of Age: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Townsend Michelle L. , Jain Alisha , Miller Caitlin E. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch suggests that the incidents of self-harm among young people are increasing and age of onset of self-harm is decreasing. There is limited understanding of how widespread the problem of self-harm among younger school students is, and how schools respond to these incidents. This study used an in-depth qualitative approach to understand self-harm in children under 13, and how elementary schools respond including typical actions, support for the child and parental involvement. School psychologists in New South Wales, Australia (n = 17; 78% females), completed in-depth interviews detailing types of self-harm, prevalence and frequency, and how these incidents were managed, including student intervention approaches and participation of parents. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted. Psychologists estimated the prevalence of self-harm in their schools was 6.5% and was increasing, with an average age of onset of 10.8 years. Self-harm was most often understood as a coping mechanism associated with anxiety, stress and being bullied. Six themes emerged from the interviews. School psychologists reported that self-harm occurs less frequently in primary school children than high school children, but noted these behaviours still require early intervention. Participants felt they were limited in the support they can provide students who self-harm, and wanted more training for all school staff and parents in identifying and responding to student self-harm. School psychologists are important in identification and management of self-harm, and they report they need further support in helping children who are engaging in self-harm behaviours. Upskilling teachers and parents may assist in reducing rates of self-harm among children.
Application of benchtop humidity and temperature chamber in the measurement of water vapor sorption in US shales from Mancos, Marcellus, Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp formations
Authors: Abdulelah Hesham , Negash Berihun Mamo , Yaw Atta Dennis , Al-Shami Tareq M. , Al-Yaseri Ahmed , Padmanabhan Eswaran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA benchtop humidity and temperature chamber was used to assess water vapor sorption in four US shale samples at 90 °C. Water sorption isotherms were measured at relative humidity ranging from 10 to 99% and temperature of 90 °C. Shale fractal properties were then evaluated, and capillary pressure (ranging from 1.70 to 386 MPa) was obtained using Kelvin relationship. The results show that Mancos shale, from the US, adsorbed more absorbed water due to its high clay concentration and low TOC. However, Wolfcamp shale, from the US, has the lowest TOC and clay concentration, adsorbing the lowest amount of water. There is little hysteresis between adsorption and desorption isotherms explaining water retention phenomenon in some shales. The obtained fractal dimension values ranged between 2.45 and 2.76 and average of 2.56 indicating irregular pore surface and complex pore structure. All shale sample's capillary curves were fitted to Brooks & Corey and van Genuchten models with nonlinear regression. The fitting coefficient, R2, which represents the proportion of variance for Brooks & Corey fits ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 for imbibition and 0.85 to 0.98 for drainage, while R2 for the van Genuchten model ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 for both imbibition and drainage. Thus, the proposed method can be used to measure capillary pressure–saturation relationships in gas shales.
A new integrated HPHT experimental apparatus to measure interfacial tension, swelling factor, and viscosity simultaneously
Authors: Hakim Andri Luthfi L. , Permadi Asep K. , Bae Wisup , Ryoo Won S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn experimental apparatus has been designed to investigate interaction among CO2injection parameters. It is an integrated-closed system of measurement kits that aimed to obtain interfacial tension, swelling factor, and viscosity data simultaneously. The apparatus had been successfully tested to measure properties of dead and live oils mixed with CO2in high-pressure and high-temperature environment. An experimental study was completed using samples from real fields. Results showed consistency and coherency among the parameters that can be utilized to estimate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) graphically. The MMP is taken as the pressure at the intersection between two straight lines.