bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective efficacy and the built environment*
Authors: Lanfear Charles C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCollective efficacy is a prominent explanation for neighborhood crime concentrations. Just as crime is concentrated in particular neighborhoods, within‐neighborhoods crime is concentrated in particular criminogenic locations. Research suggests criminogenic locations are determined by features of the built environment. This study links collective efficacy with situational opportunity to propose that collective efficacy facilitates the removal of criminogenic features of the built environment. I test this by examining associations 1) between past collective efficacy and present criminogenic features of the built environment, as well as 2) between those built environment features and crime, net of present collective efficacy. These are modeled using piecewise structural equations with generalized linear mixed‐effect regressions on data from 1,641 blocks in 343 Chicago neighborhoods. Four types of police‐reported crime are modeled using eight block‐level built environment features in the 2003 Chicago Community Area Health Study (CCAHS; N = 3,074) and neighborhood collective efficacy from the CCAHS and the 1995 Project in Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Community Survey (N = 7,672). Findings suggest neighborhoods with high collective efficacy maintain low rates of crime in part by limiting criminogenic built environment features, in particular, abandoned buildings. This crime control pathway is important because changes to the built environment are long lasting and reduce the need for future interventions against crime.
GC–MS analysis of chemical constituents and determination of the total antioxidant capacity of adult powder of Periplaneta americana
Authors: Yang Zhen , Xie Jiqin , Huang Feiyun , Yang Yu , Zhang Xiuyue , Yue Bisong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEdible insects are alternative sources of high protein. Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, and Europe have recorded edible insects and, especially in Europe and America, there are factories that produce insects as food. In some areas of China, there has also been the habit of eating insects since ancient times. Periplaneta americana is an insect with the homology of medicine and food. In recent years, its medicinal and nutritional functions have attracted extensive attention and research. Its adult powder has been certified as a health product. It not only contains a variety of proteins but also is rich in fatty acids. The composition and antioxidant function of adult powder extract was analyzed in this study. Using adult P. americana powder as the raw material, it was extracted with n‐Hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) removed a total of 60 compounds, and many active components were extracted from P. americana powder for the first time. The parts and relative content of each extracted sample were obtained, and the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) of each extracted piece was determined, among which the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate was the highest.
Quantifying Streamflow Depletion from Groundwater Pumping: A Practical Review of Past and Emerging Approaches for Water Management
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Farmer William H. , Brookfield Andrea , Ajami Hoori , Reeves Howard W. , Wardropper Chloe , Hammond John C. , Gleeson Tom , Deines Jillian M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroundwater pumping can cause reductions in streamflow (“streamflow depletion”) that must be quantified for conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources. However, streamflow depletion cannot be measured directly and is challenging to estimate because pumping impacts are masked by streamflow variability due to other factors. Here, we conduct a management‐focused review of analytical, numerical, and statistical models for estimating streamflow depletion and highlight promising emerging approaches. Analytical models are easy to implement, but include many assumptions about the stream and aquifer. Numerical models are widely used for streamflow depletion assessment and can represent many processes affecting streamflow, but have high data, expertise, and computational needs. Statistical approaches are a historically underutilized tool due to difficulty in attributing causality, but emerging causal inference techniques merit future research and development. We propose that streamflow depletion‐related management questions can be divided into three broad categories (attribution, impacts, and mitigation) that influence which methodology is most appropriate. We then develop decision criteria for method selection based on suitability for local conditions and the management goal, actionability with current or obtainable data and resources, transparency with respect to process and uncertainties, and reproducibility.
Morphological importance of coronary ostia in sheep and swine
Authors: Pereira Vitor Pires , Prates Bianca Machado , Seyfert Carlos Eduardo , de Morais‐Pinto Luciano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aortic valve was investigated in 58 sheep and 60 swine without heart disease. After fixation in 4% formalin, the distance between the ostia and the elements of the right/left aortic sinuses was measured. For the left coronary ostium (LCO), it was found that in sheep 81% were below and 19% at the level of intercomissural line (IL). In pigs, 88.3% were below and 11.7% at the IL level. In sheep, the OCL was close to the right valve commissure (CVR) in 98.3% and close to the left valve commissure (CVV) in 1.7%. In pigs, it was close to RVC at 83.3% and close to LVC at 16.7%. Regarding to RCO, it was found that in sheep 69% was below, 1.7% was above and 29.3% at the IL level. In pigs, 20% were below, 15% above and 65% at the IL level. The distance of the RCO in relation to the valve commissures was 56.9% close to LVC and 43.1% close to RVC in sheep. In pigs, 81.7% were close to LVC and 18.3% close to RVC. The position of LCO was balanced between sheep and swine, while the RCO in swine was closer to CVE when compared with sheep. The accessory coronary ostium was observed in 18.6% of sheep and 10% of pigs. Thus, it is concluded that in sheep and swine the left coronary artery is perfused only in ventricular diastole. Perfusion of the right coronary artery occurs more frequently in diastole and less frequently in ventricular systole.
A Survey of Asian Family Business Research*
Authors: Bennedsen Morten , Lu Yi‐Chun , Mehrotra Vikas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe survey the literature on family firms with a focus on Asian countries. We begin with identifying three key motivational drivers of international research on family business—their dominance, relative performance, and extent of family embeddedness in the business. Second, we provide a brief survey of family firms in eight Asian economies with a focus on the history and current challenges faced by family firms in each country. Third, we document the variety of family firm definitions used in the literature and the resulting difficulty in drawing inferences due to a lack of definitional consistency. Fourth, we discuss the strategic advantages family assets such as legacy and networks bring to family firms in the Asian context. Fifth, we identify some unique challenges family firms face in their countries, and provide examples of how ownership and succession structures mitigate these challenges. We close this survey by suggesting some open research questions relevant for Asian family firms.
Effect of pre‐operative oral paracetamol on gastric residual volume andpHin young children in the context of a 1‐hour clear fluid fast: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Saffer E. , Nielsen D. P. D. , Warwick E. , Stilwell A. , Webb C. , Chow G. , Place M.‐K. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryHigh gastric residual volume and low pH are associated with increased mortality following pulmonary aspiration in animal studies. The use of pre‐operative oral paracetamol has not been investigated in younger children and infants in the context of a prescriptive 1‐h clear fluid fast aimed at reducing the risk of pulmonary aspiration while improving patient experience. Children aged 1 month up to a weight of 25 kg and scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive a prescribed 3.6 ml.kg‐1drink of water alone (water group) or 3 ml.kg‐1water and oral Infant Calpol® syrup (24 mg.ml‐1concentration, equivalent volume 0.6 ml.kg‐1, paracetamol group) 1 h before the induction of anaesthesia. Following induction, a nasogastric tube was used to aspirate gastric contents and the volume and pH were recorded. Ninety‐seven children, median (IQR [range]) age 24 (12–45 [1–96]) months and weight 12.4 (9.7–16.0 [2.9–27.0]) kg, were analysed. Median time from drink to induction was 54 (45–60 [21–113]) min. There was no significant difference in gastric residual volume (p = 1) or pH (p = 0.99) between the water and the paracetamol groups. Sub‐group analysis revealed no significant difference in gastric residual volume or pH for 29 children who weighed < 10 kg compared with > 10 kg. Using a prescriptive fluid regime of 3 ml.kg‐1of water, the addition of oral paracetamol syrup did not significantly alter gastric residual volume or pH in the context of a 1‐h fast in infants and young children.
Assessment of machine perfusion conditions for the donation after circulatory death heart preservation
Authors: Cholyway Renee , Akande Oluwatoyin , Mauro Adolfo Gabriele , Mezzaroma Eleonora , Wang Rui , Kenning Kristine , Toldo Stefano , Quader Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDonation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts requires machine perfusion preservation, the conditions of which are not well defined.MethodsTo achieve this, rat hearts were procured following a DCD or control beating‐heart donation (CBD) model, and perfused for 60 min with one of three machine perfusion solutions—St. Thomas (ST), University of Wisconsin (UW), or Polyethylene Glycol‐20k (PEG)—at one of two temperatures, 4°C or 15°C. At 15‐min intervals, perfusion pressure was measured as a marker of vascular resistance. Colored microspheres were added to capture the distribution of perfusate into the metabolically active sub‐endocardium, and the eluate was collected for troponin assays. Analyses compared groups using Wilcoxon rank‐sum and ANOVA.ResultsPerfusion pressure was significantly higher for DCD than CBD hearts at 15°C regardless of solutions. The lowest rise in perfusion pressure over time was observed with PEG at 15°C. Except for PEG at 15°C, ST and UW solutions at 4 or 15°C had decreased sub‐endocardial perfusion in DCD hearts. Troponin release from DCD hearts with UW and PEG solutions was comparable to CBD hearts but was significantly higher with ST solution at 15°C.ConclusionsOptimal preservation conditions for DCD hearts were observed with PEG machine perfusion solution at 15°C.
Resolution of dominant patient‐reported outcome at end of induction predicts clinical and endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wong Emily C.L. , Dulai Parambir S. , Marshall John K. , Jairath Vipul , Reinisch Walter , Narula Neeraj 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundIt is unclear whether improvement in patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) relative to baseline symptom burden in Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with subsequent endoscopic remission.AimTo evaluate the relationship between dominant PRO resolution post‐induction and achievement of clinical and endoscopic remission.MethodsThis post‐hoc analysis of clinical trial data from 251 participants evaluated the relationship between the resolution of the dominant PRO (most severely elevated baseline PRO) or clinical response (CDAI ≥100 reduction) after induction therapy with biologics (post‐induction) and 1‐year clinical remission (CDAI <150) and/or endoscopic remission (SES‐CD <3). Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the relationship between post‐induction‐dominant PRO resolution and 1‐year outcomes adjusted for confounders.ResultsParticipants with dominant PRO resolution post‐induction had higher odds of combined endoscopic and clinical remission compared to those without resolution (aOR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.01–3.74], P = 0.047). Combining dominant PRO resolution with post‐induction endoscopic response (SES‐CD ≥50% reduction) was associated with higher odds of 1‐year endoscopic and clinical remission (aOR: 6.89 [95% CI: 1.65–28.72], P = 0.008). Clinical and PRO2 response (≥30% decrease in stool frequency and/or ≥30% decrease in abdominal pain score and both not worse than baseline) at post‐induction did not predict these outcomes. No significant differences were observed with 1‐year endoscopic remission for post‐induction‐dominant PRO resolution, clinical or PRO2 response.ConclusionsPost‐induction resolution of dominant PRO, but not clinical or PRO2 response, was strongly associated with 1‐year endoscopic and clinical remission. Resolution of dominant baseline PRO after induction therapy may be informative for 1‐year outcomes. Further validation is required.
Student engagement in online learning in Latin American higher education during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Salas‐Pilco Sdenka Zobeida , Yang Yuqin , Zhang Zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced higher education institutions to implement online learning activities based on virtual platforms, allowing little time to prepare and train faculty members to familiarize students with digital technologies. While previous studies have looked at how students engaged with digital technologies in their learning activities, the characteristics of the student engagement in online learning remain underexplored. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature on student engagement in online learning in higher education is much needed. This article synthesizes the findings on student engagement in Latin American higher education institutions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. After reviewing the studies on online learning activities, this review examines student engagement from behavioural, cognitive and affective dimensions and identifies the main characteristics of student engagement from these tripartite dimensions. The implications of the findings for online learning in Latin American higher education are as follows: (a) to transform higher education, (b) to provide adequate professional training, (c) to improve Internet connectivity, (d) to ensure quality online learning in higher education and (e) to provide emotional support. These findings will provide valuable guidance for teachers, educational authorities and policy makers and help them make informed decisions to use effective strategies to support online learning in higher education institutions.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the normal operation of higher education institutions across Latin America, impelling a shift from face‐to‐face instruction to online teaching and learning.

Research on online learning in Latin American higher education has been conducted, but the findings and their implications are yet to be widely disseminated among researchers, practitioners and decision‐makers.

What this paper adds

Providing a systematic review of research on student engagement in online learning in Latin American higher education institutions.

Analyzing the construct of student engagement in online learning from tripartite dimensions—behavioral, cognitive and affective—in the Latin American higher education context.

Identifying the characteristics associated to each dimension of student engagement in online learning.

Implications for practice and/or policy

The need to transform the higher education system in Latin America and beyond, at two levels: to improve Internet connectivity at the technological level and to ensure the quality of online education at the pedagogical level.

The urgency to offer an adequate professional training regarding the use of new technologies in online learning environments.

The significance for higher education institutions to provide emotional support for students during the COVID‐10 pandemic.
Strongly fused individuals feel viscerally responsible to self‐sacrifice
Authors: Chinchilla Juana , Vázquez Alexandra , Gómez Ángel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentity fusion is a visceral feeling of oneness that predicts extreme behaviour on behalf of the target of fusion. We propose that strongly fused individuals are characterized by feelings of visceral responsibility towards such target – unconditional, instinctive, and impulsive drive to care, protect and promote its well‐being and interests – that motivates them to self‐sacrifice. Two studies offered initial support when the target of fusion is an individual or a group (Studies 1a‐1b). A final study added causal evidence that strongly fused learning that most ingroup members did not feel visceral responsibility towards the group expressed less willingness to self‐sacrifice than those learning that ingroup members display high levels of visceral responsibility (Study 2). These findings offer novel evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of fusion on extreme behaviour on behalf of the target of fusion and the attenuation of its consequences.
Celebrating 20 years of the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network. Part 1: Developing and delivering high-quality independent clinical trials
Authors: Williams Hywel C. , McPhee Margaret J. , Layfield Carron P. ,   on behalf of the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network, Jones Stephen , Layfield Carron , Matin Rubeta , Levell Nick , Cowdell Fiona , Burton Tim , Adams Louisa May , Frankel Jez , Thomas Kim , Perera Gayathri , Sommerlad Mary , Charman Carolyn , Worboys Sarah , Young Helen , Belmo Sharon , Sach Tracey , Bradshaw Lucy , Abbott Rachel , Macbeth Abby , Shipley Debbie , Makrygeorgou Areti , McPherson Tess , DeGiovanni Claudia , Davies Evelyn , Llewellyn Rhiannon , Westmoreland Melanie , Pathak Anjali , Wainman Hannah , MacNeil Christina , Barlow Richard , Brito Marianne , Frewen John , Lalonde Anna , Sudhakaran Simi , Earp Eleanor , Steele Lloyd , Hodder Andy , Lowe Alison , Layton Alison , Lloyd-Lavery Antonia , Walton Shernaz , Sears Alison , Burden-Teh Esther , Durack Alana , Wernham Aaron , Thomson Jason , Marrouche Nadine , Ahmed Alia , Simpson Rosalind 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network (UK DCTN) was formed in 2002 with the aim of developing and supporting high-quality independent national clinical trials that address prioritized research questions for people with skin disease. Its philosophy is to democratize UK dermatological clinical research and to tackle important clinical questions that industry has no incentive to answer. The network also plays a key role in training and capacity development. Its membership of over 1000 individuals includes dermatology consultants, trainees, dermatology nurses, general practitioners, methodologists and patients. Its organizational structures are lean and include a co-ordinating team based at the Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology in Nottingham, and an executive with independent members to ensure probity and business progression. A prioritization panel and steering group enable a pipeline of projects to be prioritized and refined for external funding from independent sources. The UK DCTN has supported and completed 12 national clinical trials, attracting investment of over £15 million into UK clinical dermatology research. Trials have covered a range of interventions from drugs such as doxycycline (BLISTER), silk clothing for eczema (CLOTHES) and surgical interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa (THESEUS). Trial results are published in prestigious journals and have global impact. Genuine partnership with patients and carers has been a strong feature of the network since its inception. The UK DCTN is proud of its first 20 years of collaborative work, and aims to remain at the forefront of independent dermatological health technology assessment, as well as expanding into areas including diagnostics, artificial intelligence, efficient studies and innovative designs.
Horizontal guided bone regeneration on knife‐edge ridges: A retrospective case–control pilot study comparing two surgical techniques
Authors: Arnal Helene M. , Angioni Charles D. , Gaultier Frederick , Urbinelli Renaud , Urban Istvan A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudies evaluating guided bone regeneration (GBR) on knife‐edge ridges using absorbable membranes with staged approaches have reported various horizontal bone gains. This study compared the horizontal bone gain obtained via a conventional technique of GBR and a recently‐reported technique. Bone loss during the healing process was also measured.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent GBR on knife‐edge ridges via a conventional technique (control group) or the Sausage Technique (test group) were included in this study. GBR was performed using a collagen membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral combined with an autogenous graft at a 1:1 ratio. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed preoperatively, postoperatively, and after the patient healed. Horizontal bone width was measured on CBCT images 2 mm apical from the top of the crest. The preoperative CBCT and posthealing CBCT were superimposed to calculate the bone gain after healing, and the preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans were superimposed to calculate the bone gain after surgery. Bone loss during healing was calculated by subtracting the width of the ridge after healing from the postoperative width.ResultsThe mean horizontal bone gain was significantly lower in the control group (2.7 ± 1.8 mm; 83.2%) than in the test group (5.3 ± 2.3 mm; 216.8%) (p = 0.003). The average horizontal bone loss between regeneration and implant placement was 0.9 mm in the control group (27.9%) and 2.1 mm in the test group (29.4%). While the absolute bone loss was significantly different (p = 0.012), the percentage of bone resorption was not (p = 0.608).ConclusionThe new technique resulted in significantly more bone gain than a conventional GBR technique. The rate of graft resorption during healing was stable regardless of the amount of grafted material.
Regulation of the immune response to contact sensitizers by Nrf2
Authors: Vallion Romain , Kerdine‐Römer Saadia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe skin is frequently exposed to chemical stress by organic chemicals or metal ions that can directly or indirectly challenge its immune components and may lead to T‐cell‐mediated delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions. The disruption of the skin's homeostasis by exposure to contact sensitizers (CSs) can trigger an inflammatory immune response that results in eczema and allergic contact dermatitis. The recognition of these chemicals depends on the expression of pattern recognition receptors on sentinel skin cells, mainly the innate resident immune cells orchestrating the skin's immune response and involving both oxidative and inflammatory pathways. The main driver of these both pathways is the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, a major ubiquitous regulator of cellular oxidative and electrophilic stress, activated in various innate immune cells of the skin, including keratinocytes and epidermal Langerhans cells in the epidermis and dermal dendritic cells in the dermis. Nrf2 also shows a strong protective capacity by downregulating inflammatory pathways. In this review, the important role of Nrf2 in the regulation of the immune response to CSs will be discussed and highlighted.