bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruth Page
Authors: Meglin Joellen A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Ruth Page: The Woman in the Work, the Chicago ballerina emerges as a highly original choreographer who sought the iconoclastic as she transgressed boundaries of genre, gender, race, class, and sexuality in her art. Her works were often controversial—and sometimes censored—even as she succeeded in roles usually reserved for men in the ballet world: choreographer, artistic director, and impresario. From extensive dramaturgical analysis of her most famous ballets—La Guiablesse, Frankie and Johnny, Billy Sunday, Revenge, The Merry Widow, Camille, Carmina Burana, and Alice—to embodied reconstruction of an avant-garde solo performed in a “sack” designed by Isamu Noguchi, this book follows the global reach of Ruth Page’s career spanning the greater part of the twentieth century. A biography that disrupts notions that New York was the only cradle of the American ballet and George Balanchine its exponent to eclipse all others, Ruth Page explores the woman’s unique sensibility, corporeal praxis, and collaborative ethos to reveal her Chicago-centered network of creativity. In the process of discovering the woman in the work, we encounter an international cast of dancers (Anna Pavlova, Harald Kreutzberg, Frederic Franklin, Alicia Markova), composers (William Grant Still, Aaron Copland, Jerome Moross, Darius Milhaud), visual artists (Noguchi, Pavel Tchelitchew, Antoni Clavé), and companies (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, Ballets des Champs-Elysées, London Festival Ballet). But Page’s Chicago nucleus of dancers and artistic collaborators as well as Chicago institutions (Chicago Allied Arts, Federal Theatre Project, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Chicago Opera Ballet) crucially shaped her intermedial aesthetics.
“A Matter Pregnant with Great, Serious, National Consequences”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses King George’s decision to employ foreign auxiliary troops to fight in its war against the Americans. Ultimately, Britain concluded subsidy treaties with six German territories: Hessen-Kassel, Hessen-Hanau, Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Anhalt-Zerbst, Ansbach-Bayreuth, and Waldeck. Britain’s hire of thousands of German soldiers in a war against its own subjects on another continent provoked unprecedented debates about the trade in soldiers in Britain, the American colonies, and Continental Europe. A powerful critic in German-speaking Europe was King Frederick of Prussia, who worked actively to prevent Britain from hiring Germans to fight against the Americans. However, the subsidy treaties were welcome news in some German communities, not least because of the economic benefits that were associated with them.
“In General a Good Body, & Very Fit for Service”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rulers that concluded subsidy treaties with Britain struggled to raise the required number of troops for the war in America. All of the territories dealt with acts of resistance, such as the refusal by recruits to report for mustering and even a few incidents of open rebellion. In fact, every year until the end of the war in 1783, the six German rulers struggled to supply Britain with additional men or to replace soldiers in American regiments lost in battle, to disease, accident, or desertion. At the same time, there were also many reasons why a man from the Holy Roman Empire may have volunteered for service in America. Finally, the corps was accompanied by hundreds of civilians, including a large number of women and children.
“The Garden of All of North America”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the experiences of the German troops during their first few months in New York after their arrival in the summer of 1776. Most of them almost immediately joined a major military campaign. In their written accounts, they recorded their initial impressions of the enemy and what struck them as an unnatural kind of warfare. They also commented extensively on the natural environment and the people they encountered, including free and enslaved Blacks. All were amazed by the evident wealth of the colonies, especially in comparison to their home territories, and were deeply suspicious of the rebels’ motives for rising up against their king. Many German military units actively recruited Black men for various roles, including especially drummers.
“The Men Are Weary from Toil”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the experiences of the German troops in Canada in 1776 and 1777. Over the course of the fall, hundreds of them participated in a military campaign that took them as far south as Fort Crown Point in upstate New York before withdrawing to Quebec. The following year, thousands more participated in General John Burgoyne’s campaign into New York, while a few hundred troops from Hanau were part of Colonel Barry St. Leger expedition into the Mohawk Valley. In August 1777, a detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum and composed mostly of Braunschweig troops suffered a devastating defeat at Bennington. In addition to military matters, German-authored accounts of these campaigns include extensive commentary on the Canadian terrain, the climate, the habitants, and Native American customs and manners.
“Conquered Little but Lost Much”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In June 1778, the British ended their occupation of Philadelphia after less than nine months. The following year, they also evacuated Rhode Island, which had been under British control since 1776. While many of the German troops that had participated in these campaigns would eventually take part in the southern campaigns, thousands remained stationed in the New York region for the remainder of the war. Between 1778 and 1781, they engaged in numerous skirmishes and battles with the Americans, and they participated in raids along the New England and Virginia coasts. Ultimately, however, none of these activities resulted in any significant gains. Members of the German corps were struggling to understand why the British were voluntarily giving up possessions in the northern rebellious colonies they had fought hard to conquer, including Philadelphia and Rhode Island.
“We Were Once Again Onlookers and Idlers”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the experiences of German prisoners of war after Yorktown. When the Americans defeated the British at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, thousands of German troops remained in captivity in the American and Spanish colonies, and many more joined them as a result of the surrender. Several months later, the American Congress decided on a plan that would lower the number of prisoners requiring upkeep, raise revenue, and enlist additional men into the Continental Army. This chapter explores American strategies aimed at German prisoners of war, including efforts to entice them to desert, and the captives’ responses to these strategies. In addition, it discusses the fate of the prisoners after the conclusion of peace in the spring of 1783.
“I Will Always Call Them Rebels”
Authors: Baer Friederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The British army evacuated from the United States over the course of the summer and fall of 1783. The departure resented many, though not all, members of the German corps with the choice of settling in America or going home. Ultimately, a few thousand men, women, and children remained in Canada and the United States. However, the vast majority returned to Germany. They were accompanied by several hundred Americans and Canadians, including wives and children of German soldiers. In addition, at least 200 Black men, women, and children went to Europe with German regiments during or at the conclusion of the war.
Animals, pandemics, and climate change
Authors: Sebo Jeff 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship between animals, pandemics, and climate change. In the Anthropocene, human activity is increasingly responsible for harm in the world. For example, factory farming, deforestation, and the wildlife trade are all killing trillions of animals per year unnecessarily. They are also contributing to global threats such as pandemics and climate change. These global threats are, in turn, contributing to biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse, and animal suffering, both directly and indirectly. In light of these impacts, we should reduce our use of animals as part of our pandemic and climate change mitigation efforts and increase our support for animals as part of our pandemic and climate change adaptation efforts, and we should do so holistically, structurally, and comprehensively.
Limits on inclusion for animals
Authors: Sebo Jeff 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers two general objections to the claim that we have a duty to include animals in health and environmental advocacy and policy. First, the futility objection holds that including animals is futile, both because we can never achieve this goal and because, even if we did, we would likely do as much harm as good. Second, the demandingness objection holds that including animals is too demanding, both because it involves too many requirements and because it involves too many restrictions to be morally required. While these objections are reasonable, they provide us with reason to act thoughtfully, not with reason not to act. Including animals in health and environmental advocacy and policy is not as futile or demanding as we might expect. And insofar as it is, it can still be morally required.
Conclusion
Authors: Sebo Jeff 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The 2020 mink pandemic illustrated many of the themes of this book. When COVID-19 infected farmed mink populations, humans “culled” millions of farmed minks to prevent the spread of disease. Whether or not “culling” these animals was the right decision under the circumstances, we never should have been in these circumstances in the first place, and we should now do everything we can to get out. This chapter summarizes the mink pandemic, examines the ethics of the mink pandemic, and draws conclusions for future health and environmental crises. The book then closes with the observation that expanding our moral and political circle to include animals will change the world dramatically, and that we might have reason to expand our moral and political circle even farther than that.
Democracy under Fire
Authors: Jacobs Lawrence R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How did democracy become so vulnerable in America? Donald Trump is a shrill warning of the political system's fragility, but he alone is not the problem. The vulnerability is broader and deeper — and looms still. Even before Trump ran for president, his disdain for the rules and norms of democracy and the US Constitution was well-known by many prominent Republicans who were unable to stop his nomination. Trump's presidency is the culmination of a series of political decisions since the late 18th century that ceded party nominations to small cliques of ideologues.
Political Elites and the Failure to Protect Democratic Institutions, 1960s–1972
Authors: Jacobs Lawrence R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to issues relating to attempts and failures to protect democratic institutions in the 1960s and early 1970s. It traces the revival of the presidential primary in response to the convergence of elite divisions and rivalry with institutional patterning. The chapter starts by locating this unexpected turn in the conflict and elite rivalry of the 1960s that created an opening for sweeping change.
The Ills of Primary Elections and Democratic Deformation
Authors: Jacobs Lawrence R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter tracks primaries to question the heroic narratives of American history and politics. In doing so, it also reveals the broader strains and threats plaguing American democracy at a critical juncture. The chapter begins by revisiting the previous chapters to identify the barriers to changing the current course of American politics. It then catalogues the damaging consequences of primaries for political polarization, political inequality, entrenched racial disparities, and erosion of democratic authority and legitimacy.
Involvement Is Everything (1965–1967)
Authors: Tobin Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The election of Southerner John E. Hines to succeed Arthur Lichtenberger as presiding bishop in 1964 surprised many, but it soon became clear Hines would maintain his predecessor’s activist approach, particularly regarding race. This led to tensions between the national church and certain Southern bishops, notably Charles Carpenter of Alabama and John M. Allin of Mississippi. The murder of seminarian Jonathan Daniels outside Selma in 1965 became for many in the church a symbol of their commitment to racial equality as a Christian duty. This flowering of support for civil rights, however, came at a moment when mainline Protestantism was losing its authority and prestige in national life. Black Power, youth counterculture, and opposition to the Vietnam War embodied the anti-establishment sentiment gaining ground across the nation. Within Episcopalianism, James Pike challenged his fellow bishops to abandon doctrinal orthodoxy and traditional authority structures in the spirit of the times.
No Love without Justice (1970–1979)
Authors: Tobin Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
At the start of a new decade, Episcopal leaders recognized the need for reconciliation and renewal within the church. In 1973 John Hines announced his intention to step down, having staked his leadership on an increasingly unpopular empowerment program. Meanwhile, the failure of General Convention to approve women’s ordination to the priesthood led a group led by Suzanne Hiatt and Carter Heyward to seek “irregular” ordination in July 1974. This triggered a crisis among the bishops, highlighting differences among them about the relationship between institutional leadership and prophetic activism. The election of John M. Allin to succeed Hines as presiding bishop proved divisive, signaling as it did a turn away from his activist agenda to a more traditional model of church mission. By the close of the 1970s, the Episcopal Church was simultaneously more outward-looking and more inwardly troubled than ever before.
Introduction
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter rejects Western knowledge hegemony as reflected in the tendency of mainstream Eurocentric psychology to operate as a universal psychology that can speak for all persons. The basic argument of the chapter is that it is not possible for mainstream Western psychology operating from its own limited Cartesian standpoint to generate a psychological knowledge system that could adequately and effectively reflect the holistic psychology of pre- and postcolonial Africans. The chapter highlights the fundamental limitations of mainstream Western psychology and illustrates its basic insufficiency to play this role for the people of Africa. Drawing from the important writings of four prominent authors on the partiality of human knowledge, the chapter proposes the emergence of the Madiban tradition and a decolonized, postcolonial discipline of African psychology through which African scholars can have their own voice for doing meaningful and holistic study of the psychology of Africans from an Africentric paradigm.
An Africentric Theory of Human Motivation
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes a theory of five sources of human motivation recognized within the Africentric perspective. These sources include the need to protect against shame, the urge to overcome the limitations of one’s birth or background, the need to compete favorably with one’s age mates, the urge to avoid angering the ancestors, and the fear of ostracism. The theory places premium on the social nature of human motivation and, in particular, on the idea that the social world exists within the psychological makeup of each individual, thereby demonstrating the way in which the phenomenon of human motivation is indelibly linked to the influences and forces of the external world of culture and society and community norms and values. The theory is offered against the background of the current lack of attention to the contributions of culture and society in the evolution of human motivational processes in African scholarship.
Writing the Body
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 highlights an Africentric theory of the embodied gates of stress in ordinary life. Developing such a theory was deemed necessary in that, despite the existence of five or more main theories of stress recognized in mainstream Western psychology, there is a need to articulate some experience-near theories of stress that could facilitate a better understanding of the sources of stress among people in non-industrial settings, as in Africa. The chapter presents one such theory, offered from the perspective of the Africentric paradigm. In pursuing such a task, the chapter places emphasis on the metaphor of the gates of stress in order to give recognition to the determining role of the body and the spiritual view of the people in stress-related illnesses in Africans.
The Therapeutic Use of Songs in Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the social change mechanisms implemented by the oppressed majority in South Africa during the Apartheid period (1948–1991). This is offered as an alternative to the prevailing social history of ideas of Apartheid South Africa which refers to the literature of criticism and disavowal of the role played by professional psychology during Apartheid. Following that literature, several scholars have drawn attention to the negative and appalling use that was made of professional psychology by some South African psychologists such as Hendrik Verwoed, a North American-trained psychologist who was instrumental in promoting the social and political machinations of the Apartheid system. The purpose of this chapter is to showcase some samples of locally produced songs of hope, consolation, and resistance by the oppressed majority, analyze their contexts and contents, and foreground some of the sources of their psychological potency and therapeutic value.
From Mind to Relationship
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that while recognizing and appreciating the enormous work that has been done in the modern psychoanalytic literature to improve our understanding of the phenomenon and dynamics of grief and mourning, the current psychoanalytic perspective on mourning as an intersubjective phenomenon is still limited and needs to be expanded to accommodate the African perspective on grief and mourning, in which there is an emphasis on the role of culture and the community in facilitating mourning. The chapter highlights that, across the different cultural groups of Africa, bereaved persons neither grieve alone nor heal on their own; they are assisted by the community and culture to grieve and mourn the pain of their loss. To clarify and substantiate this claim, a five-stage theory of community participation in grief work in Africa is offered.
Rituals of Cleansing and Repossession
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that pathological and irreversible damage from moral injury is rare in Africa because of the presence of coherent and transformative rituals of cleansing and repossession which the indigenous African community makes available to the morally injured person(s). The balance of the discussion demonstrates that such rituals and performative experiences heal by addressing some principal aspects of the cultural memory of the victims. The central aim of the chapter is to elaborate on the content, process, symbolic meanings, and clinical potency of these rituals. The chapter suggests that the use of rituals in mental health promotion is one aspect of psychological practice in Africa that appears to uniquely distinguish it from mainstream Western approaches to mental health practice. The chapter emphasizes the need for alternative perspectives for delivering relevant psychological care to victims of moral injury from non-Western cultures.
Improving Research Transparency in the Social Sciences
Authors: Christensen Garret , Miguel Edward 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is growing interest in enhancing research transparency and reproducibility in the social sciences. We discuss existing work on these topics, and discuss the evidence suggesting that publication bias and specification searching have been widespread across disciplines. We next discuss recent progress in this area, drawing on experiences in both economics and other social sciences. We focus on the trend toward preregistration of studies and pre-analysis plans, as well as multiple testing adjustments. We discuss areas where consensus is emerging on new practices, as well as approaches that remain controversial, and speculate about the most effective ways to make social science research more credible in the future.
Is Science in Crisis?
Authors: Fanelli Daniele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The literature of all disciplines, and especially the behavioral sciences, abounds with pronouncements that science is in crisis, purportedly because studies are rife with biased and false results, publication bias and questionable research practices are pervasive, scientific misconduct is growing, and that most of these problems are caused by pressures to publish and a broken rewards system of incentives. This chapter critically reviews the evidence behind these claims and concludes that there is little empirical support for beliefs in a “crisis,” at least in the simplistic terms in which the alleged crisis is typically portrayed. Rather than a crisis, contemporary science is facing new challenges that result from its growing complexity and diversity. A renewed attention to reproducibility and integrity represents an opportunity to innovate research and academic systems and boost scientific discovery.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Corker Katherine S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Meta-analysis provides a systematic technique for summarizing results of quantitative research and assessing variability. Yet, the technique has come under scrutiny for its susceptibility to flawed conclusions stemming from problems with questionable research practices, publication bias, selection bias, and noncumulative methods and measurement. After briefly reviewing the history of meta-analysis, this chapter considers the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. It then reviews alternatives to, and supplements for, meta-analysis, including systematic review, bias-correction techniques, and large preregistered studies. These alternatives and supplements aim to address the weaknesses of meta-analysis while preserving its strengths. Many recent critiques of meta-analyses highlight persistent flaws with the technique, but ultimately, there seems to be no substitute for a well-done meta-analytic synthesis.
Questionable Interpretive Practices
Authors: Jussim Lee J. , Stevens Sean T. , Anglin Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews the role of questionable interpretive practices (QIPs) in leading to false scientific conclusions. After briefly reviewing some recent examples of scientific mythmaking, we identify four types of QIPS that are the focus of this chapter: blind spots/cherry-picking; selective calls for rigor; mythmaking; and phantom facts. The chapter then reviews examples of each QIP that can be found in the psychological and/or social science literature, and describes each in sufficient detail to convey exactly how and why the wrong conclusion was reached. We conclude by identifying both general strategies and specific practices that researchers can adopt to limit their vulnerability to QIPs and therefore improve the validity of their conclusions.