bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation characteristics of water and sediment of managed aquifer recharge with the Yellow River water in the piedmont sand gravel channel in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Xu Donglai , Wang Weiping , Liu Shuai , Qu Shisong , Meng Yujie , Sun Xiuxiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional sand tank model was designed to investigate the water distribution and sediment clogging of the Yellow River water during the seepage recharge process of the piedmont sand gravel channel in the North China Plain. Due to the high permeability of the sand gravel medium, only infiltration deep runoff (IDR) and surface runoff (SR) occurred in the sand tank experiment. The increase in water released did not improve the effective recharge. The IDR accounted for 65–85% of the water released. After clogging appeared, the value decreased to 15–30%. More than 96% of suspended solids were deposited in the surface and upper areas of the sand tank, among which the sand gravel surface covered by the thin clay layer formed by suspended particles was the main cause of the change in the distribution of IDR and SR. A rubber dam can promote the conversion of high velocity SR to low velocity lateral shallow runoff (LSR) by 25–30% while increasing the deposition mass of suspended particles in the sand tank. The rationality of the sand tank model was verified by the numerical model, and the fitting degree between the simulated and the measured results was greater than 0.9.
Effect of irrigation commutative flow technology on reducing deposition and improving anticlogging performance of a flat labyrinth drip pipe
Authors: Wang Chang , Bai Dan , Li Yibo , Zhang Qian , Ma Xin , Wu Shanshan , Lei Jianhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a commutative flow technology of drip irrigation in a looped pipe network. Switching the flow direction of the drip irrigation pipe can improve the flow velocity in the lateral, consequently washing up the sediment deposited in the lateral and flow channel of the emitter. Thus, this technology can reduce sediment deposition and prevent blockage of the drip irrigation pipe. To verify the effectiveness of the commutative flow technology, the drip irrigation experiment was conducted, and the unidirectional flow technology experiment was the control. At the end of the tests, the emitter average relative discharge (Dra) of the commutative and unidirectional flow drip irrigation pipes decreased to 92.8 and 62.9%, the emitter blocking rate was 7.7 and 35.9%, respectively; the total amount of sediment deposited in the commutative flow lateral was 37.5% of that in the unidirectional flow lateral. Compared with the unidirectional flow technology, the commutative flow technology could significantly mitigate the decline rate of flow discharge, and effectively reduce the emitter blockage rate and the lateral sediment amount. Thus, the application of the commutative flow technology in the drip irrigation field pipe network can improve irrigation quality and promote the development of muddy water drip irrigation.
Assessment of DRAINMOD-NII model for prediction of nitrogen losses through subsurface drained sandy clay under cultivation in south west Punjab, India
Authors: Dar Mehraj U Din , Singh J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the DRAINMOD-NII model was calibrated for the years 2018–2019 and validated for the period 2019–2020 over the two cropping years. The model simulations were statistically evaluated by comparing the measured drain flows and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) with the model simulated drain outflows and nitrate loss. The study results depicted closer agreement between the simulated and observed results for both the calibration and validation periods. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the drainage rate was 8.88 cm more than observed data, 15.41, 0.53 and 0.57 cm were the values recorded for PBIAS, modelling efficiency (NSE) and R2. The similar parameter values for nitrogen load were recorded to be 0.14, 2.76, 0.84 and 0.88 respectively during the calibration period for the rice-wheat system. The model was statistically tested during the validation period also, confirming DRAINMOD-NII has the capability to simulate nitrogen losses from the area subjected to subsurface drainage system.
Treatment of organic pollutants in coke plant wastewater by micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation, A/A/O and reverse osmosis membrane
Authors: Feng Ningning , Wang Guozhen , Kang Xinke , Hu Tao , Wu Haiyan , Xie Jianping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coking wastewater has a complex and highly concentrated chemical composition which is toxic and does not biodegrade easily. Treating the organic pollutants in this wastewater is very challenging. The toxic substances in this wastewater make traditional biotechnological treatments inefficient. Current wastewater treatment studies are based on unit processes, and no full process studies could be found. This study used the micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation process as a pretreatment unit, and reverse osmosis membrane treatment as a depth processing unit to improve the effect of the coking wastewater degradation. The micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation pretreatment greatly improves the biodegradability of the coking wastewater and promotes the coking wastewater degradation in the anoxia/anaerobic/oxic (A/A/O) system. The integrated coagulation air flotation-micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation-A/A/O–reverse osmosis membrane system can remove 98% of the chemical oxygen demand, which meets the direct emission standard of the new national standard (China). The dominant genera in the A/A/O biochemical reactor were Thioalkalimicrobium, Proteiniphilum, Azoarcu, Bacillus, Fontibacter, and Taibaiella. This work provides a novel approach for the degradation of high-concentration organic wastewater and lays a solid foundation for the restoration of environmental water bodies.
The removal of veterinary antibiotics in the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor: continuous and batch studies
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Zheng Ping , Kang Da , Li Wenji , Xu DongDong , Chen Wenda , Pan Chao , Guo Leiyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics in swine wastewater has drawn great public attention. The removal processes of sulfamethizole (SMZ), enrofloxacin (ENR) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were investigated in the high-rate anaerobic process. The continuous experiments demonstrated that in 3 L working volume and with the organic loading rate 5 kg/(m3·d) rised to 20 kg/(m3·d), the average removal efficiencies of the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor for SMZ, ENR and CTC were 0, 54 and 100%, respectively. By using fixed-bed adsorption models, the saturation time of SMZ, ENR and CTC were 4 hydraulic retention time (HRT) (24 h), 8 HRT (48 h) and 372 HRT (2,232 h). In the batch experiments, the adsorption and biodegradation characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge were determined. In the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor, SMZ removal process mainly relied on the adsorption but it was very weak; ENR removal process was based on the adsorption and biodegradation; CTC removal process was based to a large extent on the adsorption because of the big capacity of AnGS. These results were helpful to create a rational basis for designing more suitable treatment systems as feasible barriers to the release of antibiotics into the environment.
Course and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Presence of New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Kokov L. S. , Petrikov S. S. , Pisankina M. M. , Dashevsky E. A. , Popugayev K. A. , Parkhomenko M. V. , Kuzmina I. M. , Babayan I. S. , Vorontsova K. I. , Khamidova L. T. , Klychnikova E. V. , Goncharov S. P. , Spassky A. A. , Kramarenko A. I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the clinical condition of patients with COVID-19 of varying severity, changes in instrumental and laboratory parameters, and assessed the impact of the severity of the course of a new coronavirus infection on the outcomes of acute coronary syndrome.AIM OF STUDYTo study the mutual influence of acute coronary syndrome and the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the nature of the course and outcomes of the disease.Materia l and methodsIn March 21, 2020 – May 31, 2021, 3 625 patients were treated for COVID-19, including 131 patients with acute coronary syndrome due to COVID-19 disease. All patients underwent a number of studies: computed tomography of the chest, electrocardiography, echocardiography, monitoring of biomarkers of myocardial damage, diagnostic coronary angiography and, if necessary, intracoronary therapeutic intervention.ResultsData on the distribution of patients with COVID-19 according to the presence or absence of ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and the degree of lung tissue damage, as well as information on mortality in these groups, are presented. The role of troponin I in the assessment of myocardial ischemia was analyzed. The direct dependence of its level on the volume of lung damage was found. The inverse relationship was shown between the degree of damage to the lung tissue and the indices of oxygen saturation in the blood. A poor prognostic value of low left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with COVID-19 disease has been described.ConclusionsThe development of acute coronary syndrome in the course of COVID-19 significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease, which requires the development of algorithms for providing medical care to patients in this category, as well as maximum vigilance in their treatment.
On the Treatment of Acute Poisoning With Paracetamol
Authors: Simonova A. Yu. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Belova M. V. , Ilyashenko K. K. , Kulabuhov V. V. , Stolbova N. Y. , Klyuev A. E. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND Currently, despite the optimization of diagnostic methods in order to predict the development of liver damage, improvement of treatment protocols, paracetamol poisoning is a serious problem in medicine, being the most common cause of acute liver failure worldwide.AIM OF STUDY To determine the indications for the use of acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning and evaluate the effectiveness of the 21-hour protocol for its administration.MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 20 patients with acute paracetamol poisoning (15 women and 5 men), the median age was 21.5 (19.8–32.3) years. ALT and AST were assessed during the entire period of stay in the hospital, the time period from the moment of taking paracetamol to hospitalization and the beginning of the administration of ACC, the concentration of paracetamol in the blood, and mortality. According to the level of ALT and AST in the blood, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I consisted of 14 patients, in whom the concentration of ALT and AST during the entire observation period did not exceed 50 U/L; in Group II (6 patients), an increase in the level of ALT and AST in the blood of more than 50 U/L was observed. To assess the risk of liver lesion, the Rumack-Matthew nomogram was used. To compare the concentrations of paracetamol in the blood of patients, the paracetamol index was used.RESULTS It was found that in 10 patients with a high risk of liver damage, who were treated with a 21-hour regimen of ACC administration, no hepatotoxic effect was found. The use of ACC according to a 21-hour protocol in patients with initially elevated ALT and AST levels of more than 50 U/L (n = 4) (25%) led to a rapid positive dynamics of laboratory and clinical parameters. It was found that in 2 patients, despite the introduction of ACC, the development of liver damage was observed. At the same time, the level of paracetamol in their blood was 6.6 and 10.6 fold higher than the “therapeutic” line of the nomogram, and the time from the moment of taking the drug to the beginning of the administration of ACC was 8 and 20 hours. High risk factors for the development of hepatotoxic effect in case of paracetamol poisoning are the time range from the moment of taking the drug to the beginning of the administration of ACC and the value of the paracetamol index.CONCLUSION Indications for the use of acetylcysteine in acute poisoning with paracetamol is a high risk of liver damage. Its criteria are high doses, increased concentrations of ALT and AST when patients are admitted to the hospital; if it is possible to determine the concentration of paracetamol in the blood, an increase in the value of the paracetamol index is more than 1. The use of a 21-hour protocol of intravenous administration of acetylcysteine is effective in case of paracetamol poisoning and its early use in the complex of treatment almost always prevents the development of acute liver failure.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Iatrogenic Ruptures of the Trachea
Authors: Mironov A. V. , Danielyan S. N. , Tarabrin E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract Respiratory tract trauma is not only the result of injuries to the chest and neck, but may be iatrogenic as well. Diagnosis of iatrogenic damage to the trachea is based on data from clinical and instrumental studies. Among the instrumental diagnostic measures, preference is given to early fibrobronchoscopy.The aim of the study is to assess the possibilities of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of iatrogenic tracheal injuries. Materials and methods. This study analyzed the use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 51 patients with suspected iatrogenic damage to the trachea. For iatrogenic ruptures of the trachea, the location on the posterior (membranous) wall and the longitudinal direction (100%), as well as location in the lower and middle thoracic sections of the trachea (71.4%), are typical.Conclusion Bronchoscopy is a direct method for diagnosing this type of damage, which allows the location, size of the defect and tactics to be accurately determined.
Combined Double-Segment Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia With Fixation of the Epidural Catheter in the Subcutaneous Canal Using a Modified Spinal Needle
Authors: Protsenko D. N. , Yamshikov O. N. , Marchenko A. P. , Yemelyanov S. A. , Marchenko R. A. , Kolobova E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Aim of study To develop a new safe and reliable method of fixing an epidural catheter (EC), to study and compare the results of this method of fixing EC in the subcutaneous canal using a modified spinal needle (MSN) and an adhesive tape with a standard method of fixing an EC using only an adhesive tape when performing the combined double-segment spinal-epidural anesthesia (CDSEA) in the surgical treatment of fractures of the bones of the lower limb.Material and methods A comparative study of two methods of EC fixation was carried out in patients undergoing CDSEA during the surgical treatment of fractures of the bones of the lower limb. The patients were divided into two groups. The Group 1 (comparison, n=65), where EC was fixed at the site of epidural access with adhesive tape and the Group 2 (study, n=65), where EC was fixed in the subcutaneous canal using MSN and adhesive tape at the site of EC exit on the skin.Results In the study group, where EC was fixed in the subcutaneous canal using MSN and adhesive tape at the site of EC exit to the skin, there were 32.3% fewer cases with clinically significant dislocation (more than 15 to 30 mm) than in the comparison group, where EC was fixed at the site of epidural access only with adhesive tape.Conclusions A used spinal needle in a modified version can be used to perform EC in the subcutaneous canal. The dimensions of the MSN allow tunneling of the EC less traumatic and at a great distance from the site of the epidural access, which provides more reliable fixation of the EC, the number of cases with clinically significant + dislocation decreases, this allows for a longer and better postoperative epidural analgesia. This method does not solve all the problems of EC fixation; it is required to develop new methods of EC fixation, including fixation in the subcutaneous canal.
Features of Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Extraorganic Hematomas of the Soft Tissues of the Neck and Chest
Authors: Vladimirova E. S. , Tarabrin E. A. , Popova I. E. , Popugayev K. A. , Kramarenko A. I. 
Published: September 2022

The possibilities of computed tomography in the diagnosis of spontaneous hematomas (sh) of the soft tissues of the neck and chest and the features of their treatment are shown. Computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast enhancement is the main method for diagnosing sh, which allows you to specify its exact localization, distribution, determine the structure and volume of the hematoma, the contrast agent exiting the contours of the vessel, and, taking into account the data obtained and the clinic, determines the tactics of treatment.Stable sh does not require surgical treatment. In the case of a large volume of chest hematoma, compression syndrome, hemothorax, drainage is indicated. Unstable sh dictate the need for angiography and, if necessary, endovascular embolization.
Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on Leaf Vegetables Farmers Use of Agro-Chemicals in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Enwerem Vitus Ayo , Osuagwu Olivia Chizoma , Okereke-Ejiogu Eucaria Ngozi , Ajaero Joseph Onyewuchi , Osugiri Irenaeus Iro , Ohajianya Donatus Otuiheoma 
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to analyze the effects of agricultural extension services on leaf vegetables farmers’ use of agro-chemicals in Imo State, Nigeria. The study described socioeconomic characteristics of leaf vegetables farmers that use agro-chemicals, ascertained the role of extension services on use of agro-chemicals by leaf vegetable farmers, ascertained the sources of information on the use of agro-chemicals among leaf vegetable farmers, determined the influence of extension services on agro-chemicals use by leaf vegetable farmers and determined the extension variables influencing use of agro-chemicals by leaf vegetables farmers. Data were collected in 2021 with structured and validated questionnaire from 128 proportionately and randomly selected leaf vegetables farmers that use agro-chemicals in Imo State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency distribution and percentages as well as econometric tools of bivariate and logit regression models. Major roles of extension services in farmers’ use of agro-chemicals for leaf vegetables production were acting as catalyst to speed up adoption rate, technology transfer and source of information. The major sources of information to the leaf vegetables farmers on agro-chemicals use were fellow farmers association and traders on vegetables. Extension services positively and significantly influenced leaf vegetables farmers’ use of agro-chemicals. The agricultural extension variables influencing use of agro-chemicals by leaf vegetables farmers were availability of certain communication media, extension agents familiarity, relevance of subject matter, size of extension staff, size of audience, frequency of use of familiar teaching methods, farmers’ satisfaction with extension information, perceived usefulness of extension information, perceived quality of extension staff and relative cost of the extension teaching methods. There is need for extension services to intensify efforts at visiting and training leaf vegetable farmers on the appropriate application techniques of agro-chemicals to their vegetables to minimize the hazardous effects of the agro-chemicals on farmers’ health and the environment and consequently increase productivity and farm income.
Keywords: Extension services, leaf vegetables, farmers, agro-chemicals, Imo State.
General Limit Formulae Involving Prime Numbers
Authors: Farhadian Reza , Jakimczuk Rafael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Let p

n
be the n th prime number. In this note, we study strictly increasing sequences of positive integers A

n
such that the limit lim
n

→∞ (A
1
A
2
· · · A

n
)1

/pn
= e holds. This limit formula is in fact a generalization of some previously known results. Furthermore, some other generalizations are established.
Deepest Nodes in Marked Ordered Trees
Authors: Prodinger Helmut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A variation of ordered trees, where each rightmost edge might be marked or not, if it does not lead to an endnode, is investigated. These marked ordered trees were introduced by E. Deutsch et al. to model skew Dyck paths. We study the number of deepest nodes in such trees. Explicit generating functions are established and the average number of deepest nodes, which approaches

5
3

{5 \over 3}

when the number of nodes gets large. This is to be compared to standard ordered trees where the average number of deepest nodes approaches 2.
Temporal Variations in Hematological, Immunological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Acclimated to High-Saline Water in the Northern Aegean Sea
Authors: Buyukates Yesim , Kesbiç Osman , Yigit Murat , Yilmaz Sevdan , Ergün Sebahattin , Bulut Musa , Ozalp Baris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the health status of rainbow trout (30.24±5.34 g) acclimated to high-saline water (28‰). Among adaptation procedures, gradually-acclimated (for 48 h) fish showed best performance, which were then introduced to the offshore cage-farm for further monitoring of fish health in marine environment over a long-term period of 100 days, until harvest weight of 319.9±48.51 g. Fish health and welfare was evaluated by means of biochemical parameters (viscerasomatic index, hepatosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, and spleen somatic index), hematological parameters (serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin), and immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst and potential killing values). Gradual acclimation to high-saline water did not show any adverse effects on health parameters. No significant differences were found in biometric measures (P>0.05). However, a time-dependent increase was recorded in hematology markers (P<0.05) after seawater transfer, and the health status improved over long term from March 7 to June 14, 2018. All serum biochemical markers, except the total protein showed significant alterations (P<0.05) in long term but without detrimental influence by day 100. Therefore, it seems possible to expand trout farms from brackish water sites to higher saline environments up to 28‰ salinity, with no detrimental impacts on fish health, that in turn may significantly contribute to the extension of potential aquaculture sites to wider areas.