bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WENO schemes with adaptive order for Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Abedian Rooholah 
Published: November 2022

In this work, a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme based on Legendre polynomials is constructed for simulating Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) equations in a finite difference framework. The new reconstruction is a convex combination of a fourth-degree polynomial and two quadratic polynomials in WENO-Z fashion. This reconstruction uses the same six-point information as the original fifth-order WENO scheme [G.-S. Jiang and D. Peng, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21, 2126 (2000)] and could obtain smaller absolute truncation errors and the same accuracy order in the smooth region, while it has less computational time. A detailed analysis of the approximation order of the designed WENO scheme is prepared. Some benchmark tests in one-dimensional and multi-dimensional space are considered to display the capability of the new proposed scheme.
Appraisal and Simulation on Codynamics of Pneumonia and Meningitis with Vaccination Intervention: From a Mathematical Model Perspective
Authors: Kotola Belela Samuel , Gebru Dawit Melese , Alemneh Haileyesus Tessema 
Published: November 2022

The membranes that encompass the brain and spinal cord become inflamed by the potentially fatal infectious disease called pneumococcal meningitis. Pneumonia and meningitis “coinfection” refers to the presence of both conditions in a single host. In this work, we accounted for the dynamics of pneumonia and meningitis coinfection in communities by erroneously using a compartment model to analyze and suggest management techniques to stakeholders. We have used the next generation matrix approach and derived the effective reproduction numbers. When the reproduction number is less than one, the constructed model yields a locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium point. Additionally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine how different factors affected the incidence and transmission rate, which revealed that both the pneumonia and meningitis transmission rates are extremely sensitive. The performance of our numerical simulation demonstrates that the endemic equilibrium point of the pneumonia and meningitis coinfection model is locally asymptotically stable when

max

R

1

,

R

2

>
1

. Finally, as preventative and control measures for the coinfection of pneumonia and meningitis illness, the stakeholders must concentrate on reducing the transmission rates, reducing vaccination wane rates, and boosting the portion of vaccination rates for both pneumonia and meningitis.
Aortic Distensibility Measured by Automated Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Events in UK Biobank
Authors: Cecelja Marina , Ruijsink Bram , Puyol‐Antón Esther , Li Ye , Godwin Harriet , King Andrew P. , Razavi Reza , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: November 2022

Background
Automated analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images provides the potential to assess aortic distensibility in large populations. The aim of this study was to compare the prediction of cardiovascular events by automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance with those of other simple measures of aortic stiffness suitable for population screening.

Methods and Results

Aortic distensibility was measured from automated segmentation of aortic cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance using artificial intelligence in 8435 participants. The associations of distensibility, brachial pulse pressure, and stiffness index (obtained by finger photoplethysmography) with conventional risk factors was examined by multivariable regression and incident cardiovascular events by Cox proportional‐hazards regression. Mean (±SD) distensibility values for men and women were 1.77±1.15 and 2.10±1.45 (
P
<0.0001) 10
−3
mm Hg
−1
, respectively. There was a good correlation between automatically and manually obtained systolic and diastolic aortic areas (
r
=0.980 and
r
=0.985, respectively). In regression analysis, distensibility associated with age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, weight, and plasma glucose but not male sex, cholesterol or current smoking. During an average follow‐up of 2.8±1.3 years, 86 participants experienced cardiovascular events 6 of whom died. Higher distensibility was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 per log unit of distensibility;
P
=0.016). There was no evidence of an association between pulse pressure (adjusted HR 1.00;
P
=0.715) or stiffness index (adjusted HR, 1.02;
P
=0.535) and risk of cardiovascular events.

Conclusions
Automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐derived aortic distensibility may be incorporated into routine clinical imaging. It shows a similar association to cardiovascular risk factors as other measures of arterial stiffness and predicts new‐onset cardiovascular events, making it a useful tool for the measurement of vascular aging and associated cardiovascular risk.
Template-based Abstractive Microblog Opinion Summarization
Authors: Bilal Iman Munire , Wang Bo , Tsakalidis Adam , Nguyen Dong , Procter Rob , Liakata Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduce the task of microblog opinion summarization (MOS) and share a dataset of 3100 gold-standard opinion summaries to facilitate research in this domain. The dataset contains summaries of tweets spanning a 2-year period and covers more topics than any other public Twitter summarization dataset. Summaries are abstractive in nature and have been created by journalists skilled in summarizing news articles following a template separating factual information (main story) from author opinions. Our method differs from previous work on generating gold-standard summaries from social media, which usually involves selecting representative posts and thus favors extractive summarization models. To showcase the dataset’s utility and challenges, we benchmark a range of abstractive and extractive state-of-the-art summarization models and achieve good performance, with the former outperforming the latter. We also show that fine-tuning is necessary to improve performance and investigate the benefits of using different sample sizes.
Neuron-level Interpretation of Deep NLP Models: A Survey
Authors: Sajjad Hassan , Durrani Nadir , Dalvi Fahim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The proliferation of Deep Neural Networks in various domains has seen an increased need for interpretability of these models. Preliminary work done along this line, and papers that surveyed such, are focused on high-level representation analysis. However, a recent branch of work has concentrated on interpretability at a more granular level of analyzing neurons within these models. In this paper, we survey the work done on neuron analysis including: i) methods to discover and understand neurons in a network; ii) evaluation methods; iii) major findings including cross architectural comparisons that neuron analysis has unraveled; iv) applications of neuron probing such as: controlling the model, domain adaptation, and so forth; and v) a discussion on open issues and future research directions.
The survival of the optative in New Testament Greek
Authors: Bianconi Michele , Magni Elisabetta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article offers new insights on the status of the optative in New Testament Greek, mapping it against the diachronic encoding of modality in Ancient Greek in light of typology and pragmatics. Virtually all available scholarship on the subject focusses on the ‘decline’ of the optative; in this article, we choose to focus on its survival in fixed expressions and specific types of speech acts. Through a comprehensive reanalysis of the New Testament data, we argue that the optative is ‘pushed out’ of the strict domain of modality and syntax and into that of illocution and pragmatics. Evidence from ancient grammatical thought, sociolinguistics, and language contact corroborates this view.
“And Every Language that Has Been Voiced Became a Millet”: A Genealogy of the late Ottoman Millet
Authors: Sigalas Nikos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article outlines the history of the polysemous word millet from early Ottoman times up to the reign of Mahmud ii (r. 1808–39), challenging the view that the Ottoman term millet had an exclusively religious meaning before the nineteenth century. In the early Ottoman era, millet had at least three different meanings: in theological discourse, it was used as an abstract concept related to dīn and sharīʿa; when pertaining to religious groups, it meant “a people shaped through belief”; and, in a more vernacular register, it was used in the sense of “a people”. The article examines how these meanings shifted over the longue durée of Ottoman history. In the process, it addresses major social, political, and cultural changes that affected the sociolinguistics of Ottoman Turkish: the development of an elaborate imperial language grounded on shariatic ethics from the mid-sixteenth century; the Ottoman Porte’s growing acquaintance with Westphalian diplomacy from the early eighteenth century; and the development of an Ottoman confessional policy from the mid-eighteenth century, notably under Mahmud ii. I conclude that the meaning of millet in two registers has shifted in modern times to the modern concepts of “nation” and “confession”, thereby combining two arguably antithetical aspects of Ottoman secularisation in one polysemous word.
Covid-19, Fatwas, and Socio-religious Praxis
Authors: Nubowo Andar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper highlights Muhammadiyah’s religious and social engagement and praxis in dealing with the pandemic in Indonesia. As Indonesia’s largest modernist Islamic organisation with approximately 30 million members, Muhammadiyah has been challenged to prove its progressive understanding of Islam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since March 2020, the organisation has issued religious fatwas and policies to adjust their worship and social activities during the outbreak. However, conservative elements oppose these fatwas and policies by stating that Covid-19 is a global conspiracy to destroy Islam. Through its networks and resources, Muhammadiyah keeps issuing fatwas to boost public awareness of the virus’s dangers and mortality and protect and save lives. Thus, the paper seeks to discover why and how the organisation adopts new practices in their rituals and new sites of worship and, at the same time, fights against religious ignorance and hoaxes around the Covid-19. It also seeks to determine how Muhammadiyah mobilises its networks and resources to deal with the outbreak and opposition. Finally, it examines the organisation’s relationship with state and non-state actors, nationally and internationally, to face the impacts of such a contagious virus. Drawing upon Muhammadiyah’s official fatwas, policies, statements, and socio-religious praxis, this paper finds that Muhammadiyah’s social mission, caring, and engagement during the pandemic are based on its progressive and rational belief system.
Victory in the Time of COVID
Authors: Bauman Chad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 required significant ritual adjustment in churches worldwide, particularly the larger ones. It has also provoked theological reflection on the origins on the virus, as well as on what God’s Word had to say in response. This article investigates the adjustments and reflections at one Indian megachurch, Bangalore’s Full Gospel Assembly of God (FGAG), with special reference to its utilization of a victory-oriented and defiant gospel of divine care, protection, and health. The question that animates this investigation is: Can a gospel of victory and health survive a global pandemic? The answer, somewhat counterintuitively (but in another sense – for those familiar with prosperity theology – not at all) is that it not only survives, but thrives. The article attempts to account for this thriving with reference to two distinctive characteristics of the soft version of the prosperity gospel that are manifest in FGAG’s victory gospel, both of which are inculcated through ritual repetition and performance: 1) Its paradoxically simultaneous insistence that the faithful are, by God, already victorious, and that miraculous reversals await those who aren’t, and 2) its boldly defiant response to evidence that all is not well..
Refocusing Body, Mind and Community Interconnections
Authors: Fisker-Nielsen Anne Mette 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper explores responses to COVID-19 by the Buddhist organisation Soka Gakkai in Japan. Sōka means ‘value-creation’, but what kind of ‘value’ was created amidst a global pandemic? So-called ‘new religions’ in the context of Japan are typically presumed to embody a ‘flight from the human world’ into the exotic and remote. SG’s response, however, encouraged people to stay very much within a ‘human-bound world’. How did SG differ compared to other popular responses in Japan that drew on yōkai (or ‘spirits’) for comfort in defeating the soon objectified virus ‘monster’? SG may be well-built for responding to disaster in its extensive grassroots networks and its daily newspaper to provide information. Responding with a renewed focus on study, chanting and outreach also highlights, however, how the meaning of ‘hope’ and ‘well-being’ were generated by internal change while structurally working to realise the SDG s as part of more long-term solutions.
Three new species of Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Seno Christalle Beatriz N. , Delocado Emmanuel D. , Freitag Hendrik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Three new species of the genus Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 from Greater Mindanao are described: A. kalasan sp. n., A. manobo sp. n., and A. zamboangaensis sp. n. Illustrations of habitus and line drawings of genitalia are presented. Molecular species delimitation using COI mtDNA barcodes supports the morphological species concept.
Consequences of aberrated DNA methylation in Colon Adenocarcinoma: a bioinformatic-based multi-approach
Authors: Moradi Arash , Shahsavari Milad , Gowdini Erfan , Mohammadian Kamal , Alizamir Aida , Khalilollahi Mohammad , Abgarmi Zahara Mohammadi , Ganji Shahla Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is remained to be elucidated. Numerous genetic and epigenetic modifications are in concert to create and progress CRC. DNA methylation as a principal epigenetic factor has gained increased attention and could be utilized for biological studies. This study aims to find novel methylated and downregulated genes with a focus on HAND2 in CRC and decipher the biological consequences.

Material and method
Data on DNA methylation from GEO and SMART databases and the expression GEPIA2 database were downloaded. Afterward, a set of hypermethylated and downregulated genes in CRC was chosen by overlapping genes. Consequently, HAND2 was selected as a key gene for further investigation and confirmed with cell lines methylation and expression data. The functions of HAND2 were further analyzed using gene ontology analyses and the protein–protein interaction network.

Results
The methylation (p < 0.01) and expression (p < 0.01) of HAND2 are significantly varied in CRC compared to normal control. The correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient = -0.44, p = 6.6e-14) conveys that HAND2 significantly downregulated and has a reverse correlation with the methylation status of CpG islands. The biological process analysis of HAND2 target genes conveyed that disruption in HAND2 expression could dysregulate ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathways.

Conclusion
Together, the findings showed that DNA hypermethylation of HAND2 was critical evidence in CRC. Further validation and prospective studies are needed to utilize HAND2 methylation as a promising biomarker.
SlS5H silencing reveals specific pathogen-triggered salicylic acid metabolism in tomato
Authors: Payá C. , Minguillón S. , Hernández M. , Miguel S. M. , Campos L. , Rodrigo I. , Bellés J. M. , López-Gresa M. P. , Lisón P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSalicylic acid (SA) is a major plant hormone that mediates the defence pathway against pathogens. SA accumulates in highly variable amounts depending on the plant-pathogen system, and several enzyme activities participate in the restoration of its levels. Gentisic acid (GA) is the product of the 5-hydroxylation of SA, which is catalysed by S5H, an enzyme activity regarded as a major player in SA homeostasis. GA accumulates at high levels in tomato plants infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd), and to a lesser extend uponPseudomonas syringaeDC3000 pv.tomato(Pst) infection.ResultsWe have studied the induction of tomatoSlS5Hgene by different pathogens, and its expression correlates with the accumulation of GA. Transient over-expression ofSlS5HinNicotiana benthamianaconfirmed that SA is processed by SlS5H in vivo.SlS5H-silenced tomato plants were generated, displaying a smaller size and early senescence, together with hypersusceptibility to the necrotrophic fungusBotrytis cinerea. In contrast, these transgenic lines exhibited an increased defence response and resistance to both CEVd andPstinfections. Alternative SA processing appears to occur for each specific pathogenic interaction to cope with SA levels. InSlS5H-silenced plants infected with CEVd, glycosylated SA was the most discriminant metabolite found. Instead, inPst-infected transgenic plants, SA appeared to be rerouted to other phenolics such as feruloyldopamine, feruloylquinic acid, feruloylgalactarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate.ConclusionUsingSlS5H-silenced plants as a tool to unbalance SA levels, we have studied the re-routing of SA upon CEVd andPstinfections and found that, despite the common origin and role for SA in plant pathogenesis, there appear to be different pathogen-specific, alternate homeostasis pathways.
Effect of inpatient antibiotic treatment among older adults with delirium found with a positive urinalysis: a health record review
Authors: Joo Pil , Grant Lars , Ramsay Tim , Nott Caroline , Zvonar Rosemary , Jia Jason , Yadav Krishan , Mollanji Eisi , He William , Eagles Debra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Among older adults with delirium and positive urinalysis, antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection is common practice, but unsupported by literature or guidelines. We sought to: i) determine the rate of antibiotic treatment and the proportion of asymptomatic patients (other than delirium) in this patient population, and ii) examine the effect of antibiotic treatment on delirium resolution and adverse outcomes.

Methods
A health record review was conducted at a tertiary academic centre from January to December 2020. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65, positive delirium screening assessment, positive urinalysis, and admission to general medical units. Outcomes included rates of antibiotic treatment, delirium on day 7 of admission, and 30-day adverse outcomes. We compared delirium and adverse outcome rates in antibiotic-treated vs. non-treated groups. We conducted subgroup analyses among asymptomatic patients.

Results
We included 150 patients (57% female, mean age 85.4 years). Antibiotics were given to 86%. The asymptomatic subgroup (delirium without urinary symptoms or fever) comprised 38% and antibiotic treatment rate in this subgroup was 68%. There was no significant difference in delirium rate on day 7 between antibiotic-treated vs. non-treated groups, (entire cohort RR 0.94 [0.41–2.16] and asymptomatic subgroup RR 0.69 [0.22–2.15]) or in 30-day adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
Older adults with delirium and positive urinalysis in general medical inpatient units were frequently treated with antibiotics – often despite the absence of urinary or other infectious symptoms. We failed to find evidence that antibiotic treatment in this population is associated with delirium resolution on day 7 of admission.
Building engagement to support adoption of community-based substance use prevention initiatives
Authors: Halsall Tanya , Mahmoud Kianna , Pouliot Annie , Iyer Srividya N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystem-level approaches that target social determinants of health are promising strategies to support substance use prevention, holistic youth development and wellbeing. Yet, the youth services system is largely based on individual-focused programs that do not adequately account for social determinants of health and place the responsibility for wellness on the individual. There is a need to understand how to enhance adoption of complex system-level approaches that support comprehensive youth development. The Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) represents a collaborative initiative that takes an ecological, system-level approach to prevent substance use and promote wellness in youth. This research was designed to examine key stakeholder perceptions to better understand social motivations and contextual complexities that influence stakeholder support to garner community-level adoption of the IPM in a rural Canadian community.MethodsThis research applies a case study approach using qualitative interviews to explore strategies to support uptake in the early stages of IPM adoption associated with developing community buy-in and acceptance. A thematic analysis was applied using QSR NVivo.ResultsNine interviews were conducted with community partners leading the implementation of the IPM. Three over-arching themes emerged from the data: 1) Motivating influences 2) Strategies to develop buy-in, and 3) Resistance to the adoption of the IPM. Findings reflect issues that affect behaviour change in system transformation in general as well as upstream prevention and the IPM, in particular.ConclusionsThe findings from this research describe critical insight derived from implementing community-driven initiatives that are designed to support health promotion. It contributes new scientific knowledge related to implementation of complex system-level innovations and practical information that is useful for communities interested in implementing the IPM or following similar approaches to prevent substance use.