bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analytic two-loop soft function for leading-jet pT
Authors: Abreu Samuel , Gaunt Jonathan R. , Monni Pier Francesco , Szafron Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the calculation of the two-loop soft function for the transverse momentum distribution of the leading jet produced in association with any colour-singlet system (e.g. a Higgs or a Z boson). This constitutes a central ingredient for the resummation of the above distribution as well as the jet-vetoed cross section at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order, both of which play an important role in the precision physics programme at the Large Hadron Collider. The calculation is performed in soft-collinear effective theory with an appropriate regularisation of the rapidity divergences that occur in the phase-space integrals. We obtain analytic results by employing an exponential regulator and by taking a Laurent expansion in the jet radius R. All expressions are presented as supplementary material attached to this article.
Schwarzschild-like topological solitons
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Heidmann Pierre , Weck Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We construct the first class of topological solitons in gravity that are supported by internal electromagnetic flux with vanishing net charges. The solutions are obtained in a six-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with a three-form flux, and admit an uplift to type IIB supergravity on T4. They are asymptotic to a torus fibration over four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. An interesting class corresponds to solitons with a BPS particle and its anti-BPS partner held apart by a vacuum bubble. In type IIB, they correspond to bound states of BPS and anti-BPS D1-D5 extremal black holes. These metrics are a particular limit of a larger class of axially symmetric metrics that we construct and that describe smooth horizonless topological solitons. They correspond to bound states of three non-BPS bubbles on a line. An important achievement is that the outer bubbles can carry arbitrary D1-D5 charges that we can tune to vanishing net charges. We discuss their properties and compare them to a four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole of the same mass. We show that they have a long throat with a large redshift, and that they are ultra-compact with a characteristic size of 1.52 times the Schwarzschild radius.
Spin-charge induced scalarization of Kerr-Newman black-hole spacetimes
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that Reissner-Nordström black holes in composed Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field theories can support static scalar field configurations with a non-minimal negative coupling to the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant of the charged spacetime. We here reveal the physically interesting fact that scalar field configurations with a non-minimal positive coupling to the spatially-dependent Maxwell electromagnetic invariant $$ \mathcal{F} $$
F
≡ FμνFμν can also be supported in black-hole spacetimes. Intriguingly, it is explicitly proved that the positive-coupling black-hole spontaneous scalarization phenomenon is induced by a non-zero combination a ∙ Q ≠ 0 of both the spin a ≡ J/M and the electric charge Q of the central supporting black hole. Using analytical techniques we prove that the regime of existence of the positive-coupling spontaneous scalarization phenomenon of Kerr-Newman black holes with horizon radius r+(M, a, Q) and a non-zero electric charge Q (which, in principle, may be arbitrarily small) is determined by the critical onset line (a/r+)critical = $$ \sqrt{2} $$

2

− 1. In particular, spinning and charged Kerr-Newman black holes in the composed Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field theory are spontaneously scalarized by the positively coupled fields in the dimensionless charge regime $$ 0<\frac{Q}{M}\le \sqrt{2\sqrt{2}-2} $$
0
<

Q
M

≤

2

2

−
2

if their dimensionless spin parameters lie above the critical onset line $$ \frac{a(Q)}{M}\ge {\left[\frac{a(Q)}{M}\right]}_{\mathrm{critical}}=\frac{1+\sqrt{1-2\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right){\left(Q/M\right)}^2}}{2\sqrt{2}} $$

a

Q

M

≥

a

Q

M

critical

=

1
+

1
−
2

2
−

2

Q
/
M

2

2

2

.
Unitarity bounds for all symmetry-constrained 3HDMs
Authors: Bento Miguel P. , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Models with three Higgs doublets (3HDM) are the source of much recent activity, for they are key components of many solutions to the problems of the Standard Model; from extra sources of CP violation to Dark Matter candidates. We compute explicitly the theoretical bounds for all symmetry-constrained 3HDM arising from the perturbative unitarity of two-to-two scattering amplitudes. In addition, we propose a method based on principal minors that foregoes diagonalization and which is preferable in all models (not only 3HDM) dealing with large scattering matrices.
The free field realisation of the BVW string
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Naderi Kiarash , Sriprachyakul Vit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The symmetric orbifold of 𝕋4 was recently shown to be exactly dual to string theory on AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 with minimal (k = 1) NS-NS flux. The worldsheet theory is best formulated in terms of the hybrid formalism of Berkovits, Vafa & Witten (BVW), in terms of which the AdS3× S3 factor is described by a $$ \mathfrak{psu} $$
psu
(1, 1|2)k WZW model. At level k = 1, $$ \mathfrak{psu} $$
psu
(1, 1 2)1 has a free field realisation that is obtained from that of $$ \mathfrak{u} $$
u
(1, 1 2)1 upon setting a $$ \mathfrak{u} $$
u
(1) field, often called Z, to zero. We show that the free field version of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 generators of BVW (whose cohomology defines the physical states) does not give rise to an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 algebra, but is rather contaminated by terms proportional to the Z-field. We also show how to overcome this problem by introducing additional ghost fields that implement the quotienting by Z.
Misfolded protein oligomers induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+ causing an escalation of reactive oxidative species
Authors: Fani Giulia , La Torre Chiara Ester , Cascella Roberta , Cecchi Cristina , Vendruscolo Michele , Chiti Fabrizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation in the brain of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in the form of senile plaques. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the aggregation process of Aβ also generates smaller soluble misfolded oligomers that contribute to disease progression. One of the mechanisms of Aβ oligomer cytotoxicity is the aberrant interaction of these species with the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes, with a consequent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels, flowing from the extracellular space, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we investigated the relationship between the increase in Ca2+ and ROS levels immediately after the exposure to misfolded protein oligomers, asking whether they are simultaneous or instead one precedes the other. Using Aβ42-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) and type A HypF-N model oligomers (OAs), we followed the kinetics of ROS production and Ca2+ influx in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and rat primary cortical neurons in a variety of conditions. In all cases we found a faster increase of intracellular Ca2+ than ROS levels, and a lag phase in the latter process. A Ca2+-deprived cell medium prevented the increase of intracellular Ca2+ ions and abolished ROS production. By contrast, treatment with antioxidant agents prevented ROS formation, did not prevent the initial Ca2+ flux, but allowed the cells to react to the initial calcium dyshomeostasis, restoring later the normal levels of the ions. These results reveal a mechanism in which the entry of Ca2+ causes the production of ROS in cells challenged by aberrant protein oligomers.
Low-Power Low-Area Near-Lossless Image Compressor for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Turcza Pawel , Duplaga Mariusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the concept of a low-power, low-area, near-lossless image compressor for resource-constrained devices such as wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). The compressor directly processes the raw data from the Bayer Color Filter Array (CFA) imager to avoid the high cost of color interpolation. To improve the efficiency of the compressor in terms of energy consumption, silicon area and compression ratio, the main part of the compressor, i.e., the entropy encoder, uses the existing correlations between the color components of a captured CFA image. The proposed image compressor requires only 12.4% of the memory needed by other high-quality CFA compressors based on the JPEG-LS standard. Despite this significant reduction in memory size, the proposed image compressor outperforms other state-of-the-art coding schemes on capsule endoscopy images. At the same time, it offers only slightly lower performance on standard test images. The proposed image compressor has been implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core using two different low-cost CMOS processes. The design, implemented in UMC 180 nm CMOS process, requires a very low silicon area (534 $$\times $$
×
426 $$\upmu $$
μ
m$$^{2}$$

2

) and consumes very low energy (22 $$\upmu $$
μ
J per a single 512 $$\times $$
×
512 image frame). Even higher energy efficiency (12 $$\upmu $$
μ
J per the same image frame) has the IP core implemented in the TSMC 130 nm CMOS process. Both of the selected technologies are low-cost and well-suited to implement a radio frequency transmitter and a low-power successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter in addition to the compressor to provide a cost-effective System on Chip for resource-constrained devices like WCE or wireless camera sensor network.
Structural variants in the barley gene pool: precision and sensitivity to detect them using short-read sequencing and their association with gene expression and phenotypic variation
Authors: Weisweiler Marius , Arlt Christopher , Wu Po-Ya , Van Inghelandt Delphine , Hartwig Thomas , Stich Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Key message
Structural variants (SV) of 23 barley inbreds, detected by the best combination of SV callers based on short-read sequencing, were associated with genome-wide and gene-specific gene expression and, thus, were evaluated to predict agronomic traits.

Abstract
In human genetics, several studies have shown that phenotypic variation is more likely to be caused by structural variants (SV) than by single nucleotide variants. However, accurate while cost-efficient discovery of SV in complex genomes remains challenging. The objectives of our study were to (i) facilitate SV discovery studies by benchmarking SV callers and their combinations with respect to their sensitivity and precision to detect SV in the barley genome, (ii) characterize the occurrence and distribution of SV clusters in the genomes of 23 barley inbreds that are the parents of a unique resource for mapping quantitative traits, the double round robin population, (iii) quantify the association of SV clusters with transcript abundance, and (iv) evaluate the use of SV clusters for the prediction of phenotypic traits. In our computer simulations based on a sequencing coverage of 25x, a sensitivity > 70% and precision > 95% was observed for all combinations of SV types and SV length categories if the best combination of SV callers was used. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) association of gene-associated SV clusters with global gene-specific gene expression. Furthermore, about 9% of all SV clusters that were within 5 kb of a gene were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the gene expression of the corresponding gene. The prediction ability of SV clusters was higher compared to that of single-nucleotide polymorphisms from an array across the seven studied phenotypic traits. These findings suggest the usefulness of exploiting SV information when fine mapping and cloning the causal genes underlying quantitative traits as well as the high potential of using SV clusters for the prediction of phenotypes in diverse germplasm sets.
Different patient and activity-related characteristics result in different injury profiles for patients with anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Kaarre Janina , Zsidai Bálint , Winkler Philipp W. , Narup Eric , Horvath Alexandra , Svantesson Eleonor , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Musahl Volker , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare patient characteristics including patient sex, age, body mass index (BMI), activities at the time of injury and injury profiles in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. Two study groups were created: (1) index ACL reconstruction (ACL group) and (2) index PCL reconstruction (PCL group). Between-group differences were investigated using Fisher’s exact test and Fisher’s non-parametric permutation test for dichotomous variables and continuous variables, respectively.

Results
Of 39,010 patients, 38,904 were ACL injuries. A larger proportion of patients with combined injuries to the PCL, meniscus and cartilage were female, aged > 25 years and with a BMI of > 35 kg/m2 compared with patients with combined injuries to the ACL, meniscus and cartilage. An isolated ACL injury was more commonly found in males, while all other injury profiles of ACL, including combined injuries with meniscus, cartilage and collateral ligament injuries, were more frequently observed in females. The PCL injuries were sustained either during pivoting sports, non-pivoting sports or were traffic-related.

Conclusion
Different patient characteristics (BMI, age and sex), and activities at the time of injury (sport- versus traffic-related activities), resulted in distinct injury profiles for the ACL and PCL groups. These findings provide valuable information of the way specific injury patterns of cruciate ligament injuries occur, and subsequently may help clinicians with the diagnostic process of ACL and PCL injuries.

Level of evidence
III.
Fourier restriction for smooth hyperbolic 2-surfaces
Authors: Buschenhenke Stefan , Müller Detlef , Vargas Ana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove Fourier restriction estimates by means of the polynomial partitioning method for compact subsets of any sufficiently smooth hyperbolic hypersurface in $$\mathbb {R}^3.$$

R

3

.

Our approach exploits in a crucial way the underlying hyperbolic geometry, which leads to a novel notion of strong transversality and corresponding “exceptional” sets. For the division of these exceptional sets we make crucial and perhaps surprising use of a lemma on level sets for sufficiently smooth one-variate functions from a previous article of ours.
Diagnostic yield of emergency MRI in non-traumatic headache
Authors: Happonen Tatu , Nyman Mikko , Ylikotila Pauli , Merisaari Harri , Mattila Kimmo , Hirvonen Jussi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Non-traumatic headache is one of the most common neurological complaints in emergency departments. A relatively low diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among outpatients has been previously reported, but studies of emergency patients are lacking. We sought to determine the diagnostic yield of emergency MRI among outpatients presenting to the emergency department with non-traumatic headache.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed emergency MRI referrals in a tertiary hospital for non-traumatic headache over a five-year period. We recorded patient characteristics, relevant clinical information from the referrals, and imaging outcomes.

Results
In total, 696 emergency patients with non-traumatic headache underwent MRI, most within 24 h of presentation. Significant findings related to headache were found in 136 (20%) patients, and incidental findings in 22% of patients. In a multivariate model, the predisposing factors of the significant findings were age, smoking, nausea, and signs/symptoms of infection. The protective factors were numbness and history of migraine. A predictive clinical score reached only moderate performance.

Conclusion
Although emergency MRI shows headache-related findings in one in five patients, accurate prediction modeling remains a challenge, even with statistically significant predictors and a large sample size.
Exploration of k-edge-deficient temporal graphs
Authors: Erlebach Thomas , Spooner Jakob T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA temporal graph with lifetime L is a sequence of L graphs $$G_1, \ldots ,G_L$$

G
1

,
…
,

G
L

, called layers, all of which have the same vertex set V but can have different edge sets. The underlying graph is the graph with vertex set V that contains all the edges that appear in at least one layer. The temporal graph is always connected if each layer is a connected graph, and it is k-edge-deficient if each layer contains all except at most k edges of the underlying graph. For a given start vertex s, a temporal exploration is a temporal walk that starts at s, traverses at most one edge in each layer, and visits all vertices of the temporal graph. We show that always-connected, k-edge-deficient temporal graphs with sufficient lifetime can always be explored in $$O(kn \log n)$$

O
(
k
n
log
n
)

time steps. We also construct always-connected, k-edge-deficient temporal graphs for which any exploration requires $$\varOmega (n \log k)$$

Ω
(
n
log
k
)

time steps. For always-connected, 1-edge-deficient temporal graphs, we show that O(n) time steps suffice for temporal exploration.
Optimized cell growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis from saponified spent coffee grounds oil
Authors: Ingram Haydn Rhys , Martin Risto John , Winterburn James Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Spent coffee ground (SCG) oil is an ideal substrate for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Cupriavidus necator. The immiscibility of lipids with water limits their bioavailability, but this can be resolved by saponifying the oil with potassium hydroxide to form water-soluble fatty acid potassium salts and glycerol. Total saponification was achieved with 0.5 mol/L of KOH at 50 °C for 90 min. The relationship between the initial carbon substrate concentration (C0) and the specific growth rate (µ) of C. necator DSM 545 was evaluated in shake flask cultivations; crude and saponified SCG oils were supplied at matching initial carbon concentrations (C0 = 2.9–23.0 g/L). The Han-Levenspiel model provided the closest fit to the experimental data and accurately described complete growth inhibition at 32.9 g/L (C0 = 19.1 g/L) saponified SCG oil. Peak µ-values of 0.139 h−1 and 0.145 h−1 were obtained with 11.99 g/L crude and 17.40 g/L saponified SCG oil, respectively. Further improvement to biomass production was achieved by mixing the crude and saponified substrates together in a carbon ratio of 75:25% (w/w), respectively. In bioreactors, C. necator initially grew faster on the mixed substrates (µ = 0.35 h−1) than on the crude SCG oil (µ = 0.23 h−1). After harvesting, cells grown on crude SCG oil obtained a total biomass concentration of 7.8 g/L and contained 77.8% (w/w) PHA, whereas cells grown on the mixed substrates produced 8.5 g/L of total biomass and accumulated 84.4% (w/w) of PHA.

Key points
• The bioavailability of plant oil substrates can be improved via saponification.
• Cell growth and inhibition were accurately described by the Han-Levenpsiel model.
• Mixing crude and saponified oils enable variation of free fatty acid content.
Reducing cardiac implantable electronic device–induced artefacts in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Vuorinen Aino-Maija , Lehmonen Lauri , Karvonen Jarkko , Holmström Miia , Kivistö Sari , Kaasalainen Touko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)–induced metal artefacts possibly significantly diminish the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly cardiac MR (CMR). Right-sided generator implantation, wideband late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique and raising the ipsilateral arm to the generator during CMR scanning may reduce the CIED-induced image artefacts. We assessed the impact of generator location and the arm-raised imaging position on the CIED-induced artefacts in CMR.

Methods
We included all clinically indicated CMRs performed on patients with normal cardiac anatomy and a permanent CIED with endocardial pacing leads between November 2011 and October 2019 in our institution (n = 171). We analysed cine and LGE sequences using the American Heart Association 17-segment model for the presence of artefacts.

Results
Right-sided generator implantation and arm-raised imaging associated with a significantly increased number of artefact-free segments. In patients with a right-sided pacemaker, the median percentage of artefact-free segments in short-axis balanced steady-state free precession LGE was 93.8% (IQR 9.4%, n = 53) compared with 78.1% (IQR 20.3%, n = 58) for left-sided pacemaker (p < 0.001). In patients with a left-sided implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, the median percentage of artefact-free segments reached 87.5% (IQR 6.3%, n = 9) using arm-raised imaging, which fell to 62.5% (IQR 34.4%, n = 9) using arm-down imaging in spoiled gradient echo short-axis cine (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Arm-raised imaging represents a straightforward method to reduce CMR artefacts in patients with left-sided generators and can be used alongside other image quality improvement methods. Right-sided generator implantation could be considered in CIED patients requiring subsequent CMR imaging to ensure sufficient image quality.

Key Points
• Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)–induced metal artefacts may significantly diminish the diagnostic value of an MRI, particularly in cardiac MRIs.
• Raising the ipsilateral arm relative to the CIED generator is a cost-free, straightforward method to significantly reduce CIED-induced artefacts on cardiac MRIs in patients with a left-sided generator.
• Right-sided generator implantation reduces artefacts compared with left-sided implantation and could be considered in CIED patients requiring subsequent cardiac MRIs to ensure adequate image quality in the future.
Future directions in systemic treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Kenneth , Kostos Louise , Azad Arun A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The landscape of advanced prostate cancer treatment has evolved tremendously in past decades. The treatment paradigm has shifted from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone to doublet combinations comprising ADT with docetaxel or an androgen receptor inhibitor, and now triplet therapy involving all 3 classes of agents. Robust clinical data has demonstrated survival benefits with this strategy of upfront treatment intensification. Subgroup analysis has alluded to the importance of tailoring treatment according to metastatic disease burden. However, defining the volume of disease is becoming increasingly controversial due to the advent of next generation molecular imaging. Several trials testing established agents in the castrate-resistant setting are now underway in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer patients. As the treatment milieu is enriched earlier in the disease trajectory, future studies should elucidate biomarkers to further define specific patient populations who will benefit most from treatment intensification and/or de-escalation, with what agents and for what duration.