bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and study protocol for We-PAP: a randomized pilot/feasibility trial of a couples-based intervention to promote PAP adherence and sleep health compared to an educational control
Authors: Baron Kelly Glazer , Gilles Allyson , Sundar Krishna M. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Duff Kevin , Troxel Wendy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious health condition that affects approximately 30-50% of older adults and contributes to risk for cardiometabolic disorders and dementia. Despite the well-documented role of partners in treatment seeking and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP), treatments for OSA have nearly exclusively focused on the patient and current treatments for OSA do not address co-existing sleep problems such as insomnia that are prevalent in both patients with OSA and their partners. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop and test a novel couples-based sleep health intervention to promote adherence to PAP and improve sleep health of the couple.

Methods
We are conducting a two-arm, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled pilot/feasibility trial to compare our novel couples-based sleep health intervention (We-PAP) to an information control group (IC). We-PAP is based on a transdiagnostic model and uses a dyadic approach including increasing effective partner support, communication skills, and couple-level goal-setting. We-PAP involves 3 sessions and delivered via telehealth in weekly sessions. The IC includes standardized patient educational materials. Both groups receive the usual follow-up with their medical team. The study involves assessments at pre-treatment, post-intervention (approximately 1 month after starting PAP and completing We-PAP sessions or IC) and 3 months after starting PAP. Our main outcomes are feasibility and acceptability ratings. Secondary outcomes include comparing We-PAP to IC for PAP adherence, sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive measures.

Discussion
We-PAP is the first couples-based transdiagnostic sleep health intervention for patients with OSA and their partners. Results of this study will be used to inform the design of a subsequent fully powered clinical trial. If successful, this intervention could significantly advance current clinical practice in the treatment of OSA and sleep health more comprehensively in older adults. Moreover, this intervention may be useful for improving sleep in other aging populations with multiple sleep and other health problems, including patients with chronic illnesses or those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers.

Trial registration
NCT04759157. Date of registration: February 8, 2021. URL of trial registry record.
Endovascular management of a congenital hepatic arterioportal malformation in a low resource setting
Authors: Loyal Poonamjeet , Sagoo Ravjit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Arterioportal malformations, a rare type of vascular malformation, have significant associated morbidity and mortality. Management requires a carefully thought out approach by a multidisciplinary team. Low resource settings have an added challenge of limited treatment options and consumables.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 14-month-old male with failure to thrive due to a congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula. He was successfully treated via an endovascular approach with metallic coil embolization.

Conclusion
Hepatoportal fistula, a rare hepatic vascular malformation, has limited treatment options which can further be restricted by overall patient wellness. Minimally invasive endovascular treatment options can offer a high rate of success and reverse the morbidity associated with the disease as was seen with our case.
The prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B among Egyptian adults: a further analysis of a country-representative survey
Authors: Raslan Eman , AbdAllah Mohamed , Soliman Saeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major worldwide healthcare problem with subsequent serious complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, taking cognizance of HBV impact is critical for future planning of its control and prevention.

Objectives
To assess the prevalence of HBV in Egypt, analyse the demographic characteristics of HBV-infected patients and examine the common routes of its transmission.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of data from the Egyptian Health Issues Survey (EHIS), which employed a nationally representative sample of 16,004 individuals. The survey participants were categorized into two groups: group A, HBV positive, and group B, HBV negative. Comparative analysis was performed to identify demographic features and define possible risk factors.

Results
The total number of participants included in the study was 16,004. The mean age (± SD) was 33.5 (± 12.4) years. The prevalence of HBV was 1.52%. Demographic analysis showed that HBV was more prevalent among males, married people, people with jobs and smokers (P = 0.0011, 0.002, < 0.001 and 0.0036) respectively. Employing an adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, we observed an increased likelihood of HBV infection in married adults who received cupping without blood and who did not know if they had schistosomiasis injection therapy.

Conclusion
The application of special screening programs to highly susceptible patients and treatment optimization is recommended for the elimination of HBV. EHIS indicates the likely success of the previous Egyptian control plan for viral hepatitis through reducing several risk factors.
Decomposition of the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth in Ghana
Authors: Oteng-Abayie Eric Fosu , Asaki Foster Awindolla , Eshun Maame Esi , Abokyi Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study analysed the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in Ghana, specifically by analysing Ghana's decoupling status from 1990 to 2018. The Tapio elasticity method and the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition technique were used in the study to find out what causes CO2 emissions in Ghana to change over time. The analysis revealed that CO2 emissions and economic growth have increased over the study period, with economic growth driven mostly by the services and industrial sectors in the last decade. The decoupling index analysis shows that weak decoupling status dominated the period 1990–2018, interspersed with strong decoupling and expansive negative decoupling status. Economic structure and energy intensity, instead, were found to promote the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth. From the decomposition analysis, CO2 emissions in Ghana are driven on the average by economic activities, emission factors, and population growth. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 13, the study suggests that policies to cut CO2 emissions should focus on economic activities, factors that affect emissions, and population growth. Also, to decouple CO2 emissions from economic growth, the implementation of policies that change the structure of the economy and energy intensity towards renewable sources should be intensified in Ghana.
Pharmacologic Weight Management in the Era of Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Raman Vandana , Gupta Anshu , Ashraf Ambika P , Breidbart Emily , Gourgari Evgenia , Kamboj Manmohan , Kohn Brenda , Krishnan Sowmya , Lahoti Amit , Matlock Kristal , Mehta Shilpa , Mistry Sejal , Miller Ryan , Page Laura , Reynolds Danielle , Han Joan C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Pediatric obesity is a serious health problem in the United States. While lifestyle modification therapy with dietary changes and increased physical activity are integral for the prevention and treatment of mild to moderate obesity in youth, only a modest effect on sustained weight reduction is observed in children and young adults with severe obesity. This underscores the need for additional evidence-based interventions for children and adolescents with severe obesity, including pharmacotherapy, before considering invasive procedures such as bariatric surgery.

Evidence Acquisition
This publication focuses on recent advances in pharmacotherapy of obesity with an emphasis on medications approved for common and rarer monogenic forms of pediatric obesity.

Evidence Synthesis
We review medications currently available in the United States, both those approved for weight reduction in children and “off-label” medications that have a broad safety margin.

Conclusion
It is intended that this review will provide guidance for practicing clinicians and will encourage future exploration for successful pharmacotherapy and other interventions for obesity in youth.
Alveolar osteitis: the current state of knowledge
Authors: Dryla Aleksandra , Szymoniuk Michał , Rogatko Kamil , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:
Alveolar osteitis, also known as dry socket is a common complication after tooth extraction, especially third molar extraction. Taking into consideration only third molar extractions, the prevalence of dry socket reaches even 45%. The aim of this literature review was to describe current knowledge about etiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of dry socket.
State of knowledge:
The symptoms of alveolar osteitis most frequently are reported between the first and third post-extraction days and they include discomfort, lancing, and intense pain which radiates to the neck and ear. The etiopathogenesis of dry socket remains unclear. However, the currently accepted hypothesis describes a loss of formed after an extraction blood clot from the alveolar socket as the main cause of this pathology. Several factors may increase the risk of dry socket and include smoking, oral hygiene, female gender, oral contraceptive drugs, and anesthesia. In the treatment of alveolar osteitis, irrigation of the socket with chlorhexidine gluconate, iodopovidone, or physiological saline followed by filling the socket with intra-alveolar dressing constitute a current fundamental procedure. Plenty of substances are currently used as an intra-alveolar dressing. Part of them exhibits only pain-decreasing features, whereas some drugs can also stimulate the regeneration of treated tissue. In the prevention, the use of alveolar osteitis warm saline, antibiotics, chlorhexidine, ozone gas, or autologous platelet therapy may be useful maneuvers.
Conclusion:
This literature review summarizes the current state of knowledge about causes, risk factors, and therapeutic and preventive methods with regard to alveolar osteitis.
Miranda Pacheco, S. (2021). La caída de Tenochtitlan y la posconquista ambiental de la cuenca y ciudad de México.
Authors: Arreguín Rodríguez Andrea Lizette 
Published: August 2022

México: Dirección General de Publicaciones y Fomento Editorial, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Colección México 500, volumen 14). 111 pp., ISBN 978-607-30673-2.
The “National Political Elites” and the Disintegration of the SFRY, 1970 - 1991
Authors: Obradovic Marija , Novakovic Nada 
Published: August 2022

The goal of this paper is research into the role of the "national polititical elites", religious and ethnic identies of the working class in the didintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1991. The article is based on the hypothesis that the "national political elites" in Yugoslavia, in conditions marked by the process of the historical collapse of the socialist social-economic system in Eastern Europe, through the manipulation of power, i.e. by means of propaganda of nationalistic ideology, exploited the ethnic and religious identites of the working class in Yugoslavia and converted that political pover through war into economic power by the expropriation of public property. Therefore, relying on the historical method of economics, this paper analyses the process of the founding of the conservative "national political elites" from the League of Communist of Yugoslavia's nomenclature during the process of the elemental and uncontrolled borrowings of various Yugoslavian subjects on the international financial market in the period between 1970 and 1980 and the "debt crisis" during the 1980's. The second hypothesis researched is based on the political economy approsch that the basic cause for the disintegration of the SFRY were economic factors (international and local) and not ethnic conflicts.
Quality control of natural cork stoppers by image analysis and oxygen transmission rate
Authors: Díaz-Maroto María Consuelo , López-Viñas Manuel , Loarce Lucía , del Álamo Sanza María , Nevares Ignacio , Alañón María Elena , Pérez-Coello María Soledad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents the evaluation of the porosity by image analysis, the quantitative analysis of the cell morphology from images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of natural corks of different visual quality grades. Due to the natural variability of cork stoppers, statistically significant differences could not be established in the porosity of the corks according to their commercial quality. However, the determination of the surface porosity coefficient by image analysis in the tangential and axial sections of the corks allowed us to distinguish between high, medium and low quality classes. The cells in the tangential section were shaped between circular and hexagonal, with very regular perimeters regardless of the cork quality. While the cells of the radial and axial sections showed a square and rectangular shape, with more irregular perimeters, mainly in the lowest quality corks and in the axial section. Corks commercially classified as “flower”, “second” and “third” had the lowest OTR values and presented a similar statistical distribution in their cell perimeters in the axial section. While the corks with higher OTR values (superior and fourth qualities) corresponded with those with greater cell perimeters and greater dispersion in their distribution.
The crystal structure of (4-(2-bromoethoxy)-phenyl)(phenyl)methanone, C15H13BrO2
Authors: Xu Bofan , Ren Yuxing , Zuo Zhenyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C15H13BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.6574(9) Å, b = 9.7821(16) Å, c = 24.251(4) Å, β = 93.265(4)°, V = 1339.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0428, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0930, T = 273 K.
‘NO GO’: Artists, Trespass and the Aftermath of Occupation
Authors: Gough Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the relationship between site, memory and fine art practices, as viewed from the perspectives of a practitioner informed by the discourses of commemoration and the aftermath of conflict. Through an exploration of art works derived from encounters with displaced spaces, peripheries and edgelands, Gough situates his practice – and that of several selected artists – as a conversation between “place”, “space” and the geopolitical. Artists have long employed the notions of ambiguity, transition and the hybrid in their work. Framed within the discourses of liminality and aftershock, practitioners have explored various strategies to address rites of in-betweenness to evoke a sensation of transition and displacement. To explore these ideas, Gough posits a number of his artworks as ‘provocations’, and draws attention to other contemporary artists and practitioners similarly drawn to the aftermath of constructed places and re-constructed histories. The paper draws upon two suites of Gough’s work each addressing aspects of the aftermath, and each to a degree addressing issues of transgression. The first is a series of site-specific photographs take on the decrepit and abandoned British army bases in former West Germany where Gough’s family was garrisoned during the Cold War. They speak of an abjectness and blankness tempered by the depth of familial association. The second suite of practice use frottage, rubbings and photographic collage, to assemble a cycle of triptych forms drawn from prolonged site visits to the sites of twentieth century battle in Turkey, France, Belgium and Macedonia: locations richly associated with transgressive military intervention and now comprised of preserved terrain, military cemeteries and rhetorical topography that has long informed Gough’s practice.
Books, Broadcasters and the BBC: The Conversations Among British Modern Literature, Media and the Law
Authors: Barleben Dale 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
I argue that the BBC, rather than exacerbating the sensationalism so prevalent in the British press at the turn of the century, worked steadfastly to curtail the rampant affronts to character that became commonplace in media representations of celebrity. The BBC’s efforts to “enculturate” its listeners became an incubator for the literary and legal culture of the age. As such, it blurred boundaries between elites and lower-class cultures. The BBC, founded in 1922, combated loose and sensational reporting, while it struggled with financing and legal identity. In 1927, the company was wound-up and the government established a new entity, under Royal Charter. This was crucial to the legal autonomy of the corporation, and differentiated it from those established under parliamentary statute. It also gave the BBC a monopoly over broadcasting. I will focus on these differences as I argue that while the voice of the new BBC was, by legal mandate, to be “unbiased,” the effects of John Reith’s management curtailed any hope of this goal in program content. I argue that while, pursuant to further government mandate, the BBC “may neither editorialize nor carry advertising,” Reith’s control and attempts to educate became points of contention to the legal mandate of the BBC. In effect, the BBC suffered an identity crisis at its inception, on one hand an unbiased instrument of government, reporting the proceedings of Parliament, for example, and on the other, a protected and autonomous legal entity under Charter. Alongside the Royal Charter and legal precedent surrounding the BBC’s inception and operation, my examination touches on the following primary texts: Ezra Pound’s The Testament of François Villon (1931), The BBC Talks of E.M. Forster, 1929 – 1960 (2008), Shaw’s Radio Plays, and some of the interviews conducted by the BBC with T.S. Eliot.
Development of Underwater Mortar Using Belitic Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement
Authors: Ortega Gonzalez Anazaria J. , Bernhardt-Barry Michelle L. , Murray Cameron D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rapid-setting belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement has established advantages compared to portland cement in terms of environmental benefits, lower shrinkage, and faster strength gain. There is a dearth of experimental studies on practical applications of this cement. The aforementioned fast setting and low shrinkage of BCSA cement make it an ideal cement for underwater applications such as repairs or rapid construction. This study details preliminary mixture design guidance for proportioning an underwater repair mortar with BCSA cement that can self-consolidate underwater and achieve a compressive strength exceeding 28 MPa in 3 hours or less. By varying the sand-to-cement ratio (s/c) and water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, an acceptable mixture was achieved at a w/c of 0.42 and an s/c of 1.25. Observations on the effect of mix parameters on flow, compressive strength gain, and physical appearance of the specimens are also reported. Future work should investigate the interaction of this cement with different water-reducing and viscosity-modifying admixtures, as this was out of the scope of this study.
Dissimilar Friction Stir Joining of Aluminum Alloy and Stainless Steel: A Study on the Intermetallic Compound Formation, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of the Joints
Authors: Pankaj Pardeep , Tiwari Avinish , Dhara Lakshmi Narayan , Medhi Tanmoy , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study employed the friction stir welding technique to find the optimal tool traverse speed for successfully joining the 304 stainless steel with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. For this purpose, five different traverse speeds at a constant rotational speed of 875 rpm were considered. The welded joints were characterized based on the mechanical properties, micro/macrographs, and quantification of steel fragments and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) inside the stir zone (SZ). The composition and phase of the IMCs at the interface, SZ, and intercalated structure were confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. It is observed that the traverse speed of 90 mm/min produced the highest tensile strength with an IMC layer thickness of 1.47 ± 0.23 μm. At this traverse speed, the area fraction of IMCs and steel fragments is around 0.023 % and 6.05 % of the SZ area, respectively. Furthermore, the defects increased by reducing the traverse speed from 90 to 30 mm/min because of a higher fraction of IMCs (i.e., Al3Fe) and steel fragments inside the SZ. The traverse speed higher than 90 mm/min generated the cracks at the interface because of insufficient stirring at low heat input. The hardness improved by decreasing the traverse speed because of grain refinement in SZ and thermomechanically affected zone. The intercalated structure acted as the hardest zone because of the formation of IMCs, namely Al3Fe + AlFe at 30–70 mm/min, and Al3Fe + AlFe + AlFe3 at 90 and 120 mm/min.
A New Preventive Sock for People with Diabetes
Authors: Cüreklibatır Encan Berna , Marmaralı Arzu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting more than 450 million people throughout the world. One of the most encountered complications of diabetes is diabetic foot. This study aimed to determine the proper fiber type and fabric structure to be used in a preventive sock for diabetic patients. Three fiber types (cotton, acrylic, and polyester) and three fabric structures (jersey, piquet, and terry) were determined for this investigation. Samples were tested for fabric thickness, thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, coefficient of friction, abrasion resistance, recovery after compression, and longitudinal elasticity. Acquired data were evaluated, and a preventive sock for diabetic patients was developed accordingly. The developed sock was compared with various diabetic sock samples procured from the market in terms of effectiveness.