bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to increase catch-up vaccination among migrants: a qualitative study and rapid review
Authors: Deal A , Crawshaw AC , Salloum M , Hayward SE , Knights F , Goldsmith LP , Carter J , Rustage K , Mounier-Jack S , Hargreaves S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
WHO’s Immunization Agenda 2030 has placed renewed focus on catch-up vaccination across the life course to meet global targets for reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases through increased vaccine coverage, including among migrant groups who may require catch-up vaccination to align them with host country vaccination schedules.

Methods
We did a global rapid review (01/2010 to 04/2022) to explore drivers of vaccine hesitancy among migrants followed by an in-depth qualitative study (semi-structured, telephone interviews) among recently arrived adult migrants (foreign-born, &gt;18 years old, residing in the UK &lt; 10 years). Interviews explored views on routine vaccination including accessibility, confidence and awareness. Data were analysed iteratively using thematic analysis.

Results
63 papers were included in the rapid review, including data from 22 countries/regions. Multiple factors driving under-immunisation and hesitancy in migrants were reported, including language barriers, low health literacy, social exclusion, low cultural competency and accessibility in healthcare systems. Our qualitative study recruited 40 migrants (mean age: 36.7 years; 62.5% female) resident in the UK (6 refugees, 19 asylum-seekers, 8 undocumented, 7 labour migrants). Major barriers to catch-up vaccination included a lack of provider recommendation and low awareness, with vaccination viewed as only relevant to children. Hesitancy around specific vaccines, such as MMR, was often influenced by misinformation. Participants suggested that novel strategies such as walk-in or mobile access points, consistent provider recommendations, and translation of information into relevant languages, may enhance accessibility and uptake of routine vaccinations.

Conclusions
Targeted and tailored information campaigns, versatile and proactive access pathways and education for healthcare staff on cultural competency will be needed to ensure uptake of catch-up vaccination among marginalised migrant groups.

Key messages
• Newly arrived adult migrants face barriers to catch-up vaccination in host countries, which may hinder immunisation coverage and increase the risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.
• Health systems must develop novel mechanisms to proactively offer culturally competent and accessible catch-up vaccination services to adult migrants on and after arrival.
Walk the path of cervical cancer elimination in Italy: current scenario and shared recommendations
Authors: de Waure C , Riccardi MT , D'Ambrosio F , Castagna C , Sapienza M , Millevolte R , Pellacchia A , de Vincenzo RP , Calabrò GE 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue/problem
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for the elimination of cervical cancer. In order to get it, vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV), screening of cervical cancer and treatment of high-grade cervical disease and cancer must be implemented at country level.

Description of the problem
Italy has implemented HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening for many years. Nevertheless, nationwide data show that both vaccination coverage and adherence to screening programs are unsatisfactory as compared to the WHO 90 and 70 targets, namely 90% of girls fully vaccinated by the age of 15 years and 70% of women screened with a high-performance test (i.e., HPV-DNA test) by age 35 and again by 45.

Results
In order to address the progress of vaccination and screening at regional level in Italy, a project was conducted in 2021-2022 in order to collect data on relevant indicators and issues. In particular, information was collected on both coverage indicators (for both vaccination and screening) adherence (for screening) and history and characteristics of the vaccination offer (e.g., targets, gratuity) and of screening (e.g., presence of clinical pathways, type of tests used). Collected data were shared with a multidisciplinary panel of experts on HPV-related diseases to issue recommendations to foster the elimination of cervical cancer in Italy. For this purpose, a survey was also conducted to identify potential actions in respect to vaccination, screening and treatment.

Lessons
A great heterogeneity across Italian regions was observed. The following actions were identified to implement vaccination, screening and treatment: educational campaigns, reminders and active calls for both vaccination and screening and more interoperability of data and definition of clinical pathway involving a multidisciplinary medical team for the proper management of all HPV-related diseases.

Key messages
• Actions are requested at national level to achieve the goals set by the global strategy for cervical cancer elimination with respect to vaccination, screening and treatment.
• Actions identified to foster cervical cancer elimination in Italy includes educational campaigns, reminders and active calls, better interoperability of data and integrated medical team.
Building capacity to use legal tools to address climate change through a public health lens
Authors: Patterson D , Garde A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
EPH Conferences have an increased focus on the health impacts of climate change. However, until 2021 EPHC abstracts did not address opportunities to challenge government inaction in national and international courts. ASPHER’s European List of Core Competences for the Public Health Professional (2018) only mentions NCDs and data protection law. Yet litigation to address environmental degradation and climate change is well-developed in Europe and beyond. International environmental law was presciently framed as part of global health law by Joaquin Cayon in Laaser U. and Beluli F. A Global Public Health Curriculum. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (2016).

Objectives
1. Clarify the role of litigation in achieving environmental and climate goals
2. Highlight the role of public health practitioners (PHP) in documenting evidence of harms
3. Propose ways to build PHP capacity to use litigation to address related public health challenges

Results
In 2021 EUPHA-LAW, EUPHA-ENV, the Faculty of Public Health (FPH) (UK) and partners co-hosted a multi-stakeholder, interdisciplinary, open-access webinar on public health, climate change and litigation with experts from WHO, Greenpeace, ClientEarth, Lancet Countdown and the Groningen Centre for Health Law (GCHL). A related workshop was held at the 14th EPHC. In March 2022, EUPHA-LAW, FPH, GCHL and the University of Liverpool hosted a webinar on climate action in the European Court of Human Rights. [Patterson et al, Post COP26: legal action now part of public health’s environment and climate change toolbox, EJPH 31/5/2022.] EUPHA-LAW is preparing a toolkit for public health practitioners and a conference on public health litigation in 2023.

Conclusions
There is keen interest in the public health community to better understand how litigation can address public health challenges including climate change and environmental degradation. Capacity building is needed.

Key messages
• Climate litigation supported by interdisciplinary collaboration can strengthen government resolve and accountability for action to address environmental and climate commitments.
• Litigation can advance public health objectives even without a favourable court decision. Its value also includes the publicity and awareness generated and engagement of multiple stakeholders.
Introduction to the AQ-WATCH Project and the AQ-WATCH Toolkit to fight air pollution
Authors: Li C , Brasseur G , Granier C , Sofiev M , Timmermans R , Basart S , Pfister G , Kumar R , Caillard B , Boose Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
WHO states that 9 out of 10 persons in the world do not breath clean air and 8 million people die prematurely from air pollution each year. The problem is well understood, but actions to mitigate it are lacking. The purpose of the EU-funded AQ-WATCH Project is precisely to develop effective tools based on the most advanced science technologies to help decision-makers in government and the private sector to address air pollution issues in regions of the world where they operate.

Objectives
AQ-WATCH aims to develops a supply chain to generate innovative downstream products for improving air quality forecasts and attribution based on existing space/in-situ observations to improve public health and to optimize renewable energy in regions of the world. The project consortium includes research and business-oriented partners, who brings together the required expertise to define the optimal functionalities of these products to bring them to the market.

Results
The AQ-WATCH products are organized into 5 modules: (1) Air quality atlas, (2) Air quality attribution & mitigation, (3) Dust and fire forecast, (4) Fracking analysis, and (5) Air quality forecast. They are developed for 3 target regions (Beijing, Colorado and Santiago de Chile) and are integrated into a unified user-interface, the AQ-WATCH Toolkit. Product developers and prime users in the target regions are constantly interacting, and the user feedback is collected, analyzed and included during the product development.

Conclusions
Collaborative work done in AQ-WATCH shows strategic interaction between our research and business-oriented partners. Contributions from local parties are proven to be valuable for regional adaption of the products. A throughout dissemination including regional workshops is essential to ensure proper knowledge uptake by the target audience. Constant exchange with the private sector is required for a smooth transfer from scientific results to commercialized marketable products.

Key messages
• The AQ-WATCH Project follows EU’s initiative to utilize its space observations with added values to develop easily-accessible tools to fight air pollution applicable to regions of the world.
• The AQ-WATCH Toolkit is developed with iterative feedback exchanges between product developers and local users to address air pollution issues, and will be eventually exploited to the market.
Impact of seasonality on physical activity: a systematic review
Authors: Faubel R , Garriga A , Sempere-Rubio N , Molina-Prados MJ 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the available scientific evidence of the impact of seasonality on physical activity (PA). PA refers to walking, biking, sports and/or active recreation.

Methods
The systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Embase. All publications from January 2015 to September 2020 assessing seasonal variations on physical activity development in adults were selected.

Results
A total of 1159 articles were identified, of which 26 fulfilled the selection criteria involving 9300 participants from 18 different countries. The results obtained suggest that seasonality affects PA independently of the countries, pathologies of the participants and the tool to collect PA information.

Conclusions
PA level varies across the seasons, with higher PA level in summer compared with other seasons, especially in winter. Sedentary behavior follows the opposite trend. Impact of seasonality variations should be considered in clinical research involving PA as a primary outcome as well as in interventions on PA promotion.

Key messages
• Impact of seasonality variations should be considered in clinical research involving PA as a primary outcome as well as in interventions on PA promotion.
• Seasonality affects PA independently of the countries, pathologies of the participants and the tool used to collect PA with higher PA level in summer compared with other seasons, especially in winter.
Health promotion and disease prevention with digital technologies for older people: Scoping review
Authors: De Santis KK , Mergenthal L , Christianson L , Zeeb H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the aging world digital technologies are needed to target the health needs of older people. This study aimed to identify digital technologies for health promotion and disease prevention for older people by performing a scoping review.

Methods
A search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SCOPUS on 09.03.2022 identified 2150 studies. The inclusion criteria were: 1) Population: older people, 2) Concept: any digital health technology, 3) Context: health promotion and disease prevention in home or community settings. Preliminary study selection was performed automatically using the smart groups function in EndNote. Studies were clustered by digital technology type, health target, study design and study focus. Final study selection and data coding will be performed manually by two authors.

Results
Of the 2150 studies, 1874 studies were excluded, 159 studies met the inclusion criteria 1) and 2), but addressed different contexts (digital competence, digital technology development, disease management) or setting (care) and 117 studies were included. Digital technology types were: 1) any technologies (digital, virtual, video, eHealth or telehealth), 2) internet websites accessed via computer, 3) SMS or mobile phones, 4) exergaming or 5) smartphones or wearables. Health targets were: 1) physical activity, 2) mental health and wellness, 3) nutrition or 4) cognitive functioning. Study designs included primary studies (randomized-controlled trials) or reviews (systematic or scoping). Study focus was on effectiveness, feasibility or evaluation of digital technologies.

Conclusions
The health needs of older people are addressed by older technologies. Newer studies use heterogeneous terminology when referring to digital technologies. Future studies should focus on multiple aspects of healthy aging beyond mobility. More work is also needed to understand if and how a shift towards newer technologies occurs and if that is associated with health benefits in older people.

Key messages
• Older digital technologies (computers and mobile phones) address the health needs of older people.
• Mobility is the main health target of digital technologies for older people in the context of health promotion and disease prevention.
Moving a youth trauma support group online: participatory adaption, usability and pilot test
Authors: Perez Aronsson A , Thell M , Lampa E , Gupta Löfving S , Tokes A , Torakai N , Ibrahim K , Aljeshy R , Warner G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Posttraumatic stress poses a significant threat to a young person’s development. Internet-based delivery could ameliorate barriers to care, but has mostly been tested with adults. This project aimed to (i) adapt the group intervention Teaching Recovery Techniques for online delivery through a participatory process, (ii) investigate the usability of the online format and (iii) pilot the new format.

Methods
Adaption recommendations were generated through participatory workshops with service users and providers, and consultation with an advisory panel with professionals and parents. Usability testing was conducted with intervention leaders (n = 5) and youth (n = 5). The public involvement in the project was assessed through a multi-method approach including behavioural observations, questionnaires and field notes. A pilot study (n = 14) is ongoing.

Results
The workshops focused on safety, participation and learning. Recommendations included an emergency response protocol, communication strategies, and guidance on intervention delivery. Whilst the advisory panel largely agreed, points of disagreement included workshop ideas around personalisation, where the panel conveyed the importance of consistency in manualised interventions. Usability testing highlighted the need for explicit guidance, particularly on safety processes.

Conclusions
Online delivery of trauma group support requires adaptions to ensure positive group dynamics, learning and safety. Yet, some adaptions resulting from the usability testing were also relevant to the original format, pointing to the need for more extensive use of usability testing across intervention manuals. The young people, parents and professionals involved in the project provided rich and varied perspectives, illustrating the value of broad stakeholder engagement. The ongoing pilot study explores the feasibility of online delivery, including youth perceptions of the format.

Key messages
• The varied perspectives in the participatory process highlighted the importance of broad stakeholder engagement for interventions to be equally evidence-based and adapted to the target population.
• The current pilot study explores the feasibility of online delivery, including youth perceptions of the format, in order to assess the potential for scale up.
Childhood adversity and risk of later labor market marginalization in young employees in Sweden
Authors: Björkenstam E , Helgesson M , Mittendorfer-Rutz E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The present study examined the independent and combined effects of childhood adversity (CA) and occupational class on the risk of future labor market marginalization (LMM) in young employees in Sweden. Occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) was also explored as a potential mediator.

Methods
This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 556,793 employees, 19-29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. CAs included parental death, parental mental and somatic disorders, parental separation, household public assistance, single-parent household and residential instability. Measures of LMM included long-term unemployment (LTU), long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension (DP). Estimates of risk of each LMM measure, between 2010 and 2016 were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a Cox regression analysis.

Results
Those exposed to CA had an elevated risk for all measures of LMM. Manual workers with a history of household public assistance had the highest risk estimates compared to non-manual workers with no CAs (adjusted HR spanning from 1.59 (LTSA) to 2.50 (LTU). Regardless of occupational class, the risk of LMM grew higher with increasing number of CAs (e.g. adjusted HR of LMM in manual workers with 3+ CAs: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.81-1.94). These patterns persisted after adjustments for a range of confounders, including psychiatric and somatic morbidity. Last, we found a small but significant mediating effect of occupational class in the association between CA and LMM.

Conclusions
Information on CAs are important determinants of LMM in young adults, and especially in manual workers.

Key messages
• Those exposed to childhood adversity had an elevated risk of labor market marginalization, in terms of long-term unemployment, long-term sickness absence and disability pension.
• Information on childhood adversity is an important determinant of labor market marginalization in young adults, and especially in manual workers.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of herpes zoster
Authors: Lecrenier N , Parikh R , Wang C , Curran D , Widenmaier R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
There have been several case reports of herpes zoster (HZ) following COVID-19 disease and vaccination. We conducted a non-systematic literature search to elucidate the global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of HZ.

Methods
The literature search was performed in October 2021 using PubMed and Embase. The search string was herpes zoster AND COVID-19. Publications were manually reviewed; case reports were removed.

Results
Three retrospective studies reported the risk of HZ following COVID-19 disease. One study (Bhavsar, 2021) used two US databases and found higher risk of HZ following COVID-19 disease (relative risk [RR]=1.15) and COVID-19 hospitalisation (RR = 1.21), respectively. A strong association between HZ and COVID-19 disease (RR = 5.27) was also reported in a study of the University of Florida patient registry (Katz, 2021). The third study (Barda, 2021) reported no association between COVID-19 disease and risk of HZ (RR = 0.82). In two of the three observational studies in Israel (Furer, 2021 and Barda, 2021), the incidence of HZ was increased following COVID-19 vaccination. The third study (Shasha, 2021) found no association (RR = 1.07). Other studies included a report in Brazil (Maia, 2021) that demonstrated a 35% increase in HZ diagnoses during the pandemic versus pre-pandemic and a published model (La, 2021) that estimated the declining uptake of recombinant zoster vaccine in the US may result in 63,117 avoidable HZ cases in those who remain unvaccinated in 2021.

Conclusions
Emerging data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the risk of HZ and negatively impacted HZ vaccine uptake. Therefore, there is an important need to increase awareness of HZ and HZ vaccination during the pandemic.

Key messages
• There is a need to increase awareness of HZ and HZ vaccination during the COVID-19 era.
• Further studies are needed to fully understand the impact of COVID-19 on the risk of HZ.
Future trends of overweight and obesity in Belgium using Bayesian age-period-cohort models
Authors: De Pauw R , Claessens M , Gorasso V , Drieskens S , Faes C , Devleesschauwer B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Considering the current overweight and obesity epidemic and its associated increase in non-communicable diseases and healthcare costs, the current study aimed to project the trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Belgium using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (APC) model to support policy planning.

Methods
Height and weight of 58,369 adults aged 18+ years, collected in six consecutive cross-sectional health interview surveys between 1997 and 2018, were evaluated. Criteria used for overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, and BMI ≥ 30. A Bayesian APC model was applied to evaluate past trends and associated socio-demographic risk factors, and to forecast trends to 2019-2029. All analyses were performed based on integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and took the complex survey design into account.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased between 1997 and 2018. If current trends continue, it is likely to that a further increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population will be seen by 2029 with a probability of growth of 51.2% and 73.3%, respectively. Forecasts indicated a potential prevalence of 50.1% [16.2%; 84.4%] in 2029 for overweight, and 21.4% [9.0%; 43.4%] for obesity. Among survey participants, middle-aged men with no higher education and a middle income showed the highest risk of overweight and obesity.

Conclusions
We projected an alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. A decrease in cases seems very unlikely. There is an urgent need to target younger age groups for prevention and implementation of public educational programs to limit the increasing trend in overweight and obesity.

Key messages
• The occurence of obesity is likely to increase in the following 10 years.
• Projection of trends can serve as a useful tool for policy planning on the mid- and longer term.