bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Goldilocks Principle of JAKs and STATs: Gain-of function mutations, loss-of-function mutations, and their clinical consequences
Authors: Ott Nils , Faletti Laura , Heeg Maximilian , Andreani Virginia , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway plays a key role in cytokine signalling and is involved in development, immunity, and tumorigenesis for nearly any cell. At first glance, the JAK-STAT signalling pathway appears to be straight forward. However, on closer examination, there are many different factors influencing the JAK and the STAT proteins, which even so cannot sufficiently explain the wide variety of the cell's responses to the large number of cytokines. The JAK-STAT signalling pathway has been, and still is, subject of basic research and offers an enormous potential for the development of new methods of personalised medicine and thus the translation of basic molecular research into clinical practice beyond the use of JAK inhibitors. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the two immunologically particularly relevant signal transducers STAT1 and STAT3 present themselves through individual phenotypic clinical pictures. This review is intended to provide an overview of these specific syndromes and to summarise current findings on pathomechanism, symptoms, immunological features and therapeutic options of STAT1, STAT3, JAK1 and JAK3 loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigation Fluids on Smear Layer Removal, Root Canal Sealant Penetration Effect and Mechanical Properties of Human Dentin
Authors: Zhang Lan , Zhao Ting , He Lina , Pan Shuang , Wang Ranxu , Li Yanping , Niu Yumei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare the removal of smear layer from root canal wall with different irrigation solutions in vitro and evaluate the penetration of root canal sealers into dentinal tubules and their effects on the mechanical properties of dentin.Methods: 69 human single-rooted premolars and 36 human molars were selected and randomly divided into 5 experimental groups and negative control group according to different irrigation regimens. 5.25%NaClO (A),6%MCJ (B),17%EDTA (C),5.25%NaClO + 17%EDTA (D),6%MCJ + 17%EDTA (E) and negative control group (Distilled water) (DW). Each group were selected for scanning electron microscopy, hot gutta-percha vertical compression filling and micro-hardness testing randomly (n=4). Each group were selected for flexural strength, compressive strength, and ultimate tensile strength testing (UTS), randomly (n=6).Results: The removal effect of smear layer in groups D and E was better than that in groups A, B and the control group (P < 0.05). The maximum depth and penetration rate of root canal sealer penetration were significantly greater in groups D and E than the control group (P < 0.05). Group B and E significantly reduced the mechanical properties of dentine (micro-hardness, flexural strength, compressive strength and UTS) (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The combination of MCJ and EDTA could better remove the smear layer and promote the penetration of root canal sealers. Furthermore, they had less detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of dentin than the combination of NaClO and EDTA.Clinical Significance: Because traditional Chinese medicine root canal irrigation Morinda citrifolia has good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties and less adverse effects on the mechanical properties of dentin than NaClO, it is expected to replace NaClO as an ideal root canal irrigating solution in clinical practice.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bioplastic Film Obtained From Orange Peel
Authors: Cadenas-González María T. , Leo-Avelino Gabriela , Hernández-Córdova Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Agro-industrial waste represent an important source of natural polymers for bioplastic obtention, intended for the replacement of materials derived from oil. Polysaccharides, as pectin from orange peel has the potential to be used as raw material for plastic industry, besides an additional value could be obtained from the orange peel that is a waste. In this work, we assessed mechanical and thermal properties of a film obtained from orange peel. Scanning electron microscopy showed a heterogeneous surface with grooves, owed to fibrous materials residues from orange peel. Elastic modulus stayed in the range 7.7–29.9 MPa, according to plasticizer content. By thermogravimetric analysis, we identified up to five events, according to film composition. These results indicate that pectin obtained possess suitable properties to be used as raw material for bioplastic fabrication.
Amorphous silica nanoparticles cause abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation through dysfunction of the centralspindlin complex and microfilaments
Authors: Xiao Liyan , Pang Jinyan , Qin Hua , Dou Liyang , Yang Man , Wang Ji , Zhou Xianqin , Li Yang , Duan Junchao , Sun Zhiwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: With the large-scale production and application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs), it’s the adverse health effects that are more worthy of our attention. Our previous research has demonstrated for the first time that aSiNPs induced cytokinesis failure, which resulted in abnormally high incidences of multinucleation in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was firstly to explore whether aSiNPs induced multinucleation in vivo, and secondly to investigate the underlying mechanism of how aSiNPs caused abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation.Methods: Male ICR mice with intratracheal instillation of aSiNPs were used as an experimental model in vivo. Human hepatic cell line (L-02) was introduced for further mechanism study. Results: In vivo, histopathological results showed that the rate of multinucleation was significantly increased in liver and lung tissue after aSiNPs treatment. In vitro, immunofluorescence results manifested that aSiNPs directly caused microfilaments agglomeration. Following mechanistic studies indicated that aSiNPs not only induced excessive ROS and down-regulation of the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway, but also inhibited the expression of centralspindlin subunits MKLP1 and CYK4 as well as downstream cytokines regulation related proteins Ect2, Cep55, CHMP2A and RhoA. Meanwhile, the particles caused abnormal co-localization of the key mitotic regulatory kinase Aurora B and the centralspindlin complex, which resulted in incomplete cytokinesis. To further clarify the role of PI3K inhibition and excessive ROS in cytokinesis failure induced by aSiNPs, PI3K activator IGF and ROS inhibitors NAC were selected. In the aSiNPs treated group, IGF increased the phosphorylation level of Aurora B and improved the relative ratio of the centralspindlin cluster; and NAC reduced the ratio of multinucleation, alleviated the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway inhibition, and then increased the expression of MKLP1, CYK4 and cytokinesis-related proteins, whilst it simultaneously directly restored the clustering of the centralspindlin.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that aSiNPs led to multinucleation formation both in vivo and in vitro. aSiNPs exposure caused microfilaments agglomeration and inhibited the PI3k 110β / Aurora B pathway through excessive ROS, which then hindered the centralspindlin cluster as well as restrained the expression of centralspindlin subunits and cytokinesis-related proteins, which ultimately created cytokinesis failure and the formation of multinucleation.
Miter bend polarizers in CW ECRH systems: groove design, ohmic loss, and cooling in numerical analyses
Authors: Taheri Jawad , Iraji Davoud 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polarizer miter bends are important components in the transmission lines of electron cyclotron resonance heating systems, as they create a desired polarization for the electron cyclotron wave before coupling in the fusion plasma. Normally, a pair of grooved mirrors with different groove depths is enough to form a universal polarizer made of polarization twister and elliptical polarizer. The groove shape, and how the grooved mirror tolerates in a modern high-power system with continuous wave operation, can influence the entire operation of the system. This work contains various investigations on the grooved mirror including the parametric groove design, low ohmic loss, and effective cooling with an appropriate design of the cooling channel. Since the rounded trapezoidal grooves have some advantages over rectangular and sinusoidal grooves, the study is mainly dedicated to the trapezoidal grooves in both polarizer mirrors. The steady-state thermal analysis is carried out for 1 MW power at 110 GHz.
Financing Care for Severe Stigmatizing Skin Diseases (SSSDs) in Liberia: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Smith John Solunta , Diaconu Karin , Witter Professor Sophie , Weiland Stefanie , Zaizay F. Zeela , Dean Laura , Theobald Professor Sally , McCollum Rosalind , Kollie Karsor , Kollie Jerry , Berrian Hannah , Hotopf India , Sempe Lucas , Tate Wede 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
IntroductionNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are an important global health challenge, however, little is known about how to effectively finance NTD related services. Integrated management in particular, is put forward as an efficient and effective treatment modality. This is a background study to a broader health economic evaluation, seeking to document the costs of integrated care management of NTDs versus standard care in Liberia. In the current study, we document barriers and facilitators to NTD care from a health financing perspective.MethodsWe carried out key informant interviews with 86 health professionals and 16 national health system policymakers. 46 participants were active in counties implementing integrated case management and 40 participants were active in counties implementing standard care. We also interviewed 16 patients and community members. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using the thematic framework approach. FindingsWe found that decentralization for NTD financing is not yet achieved – financing and reporting for NTDs is still centralized and largely donor-driven as a vertical programme; government involvement in NTD financing is still minimal, focused mainly on staffing, but non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or international agencies are supporting supply and procurement of medications. Donor support and involvement in NTDs are largely coordinated around the integrated case management. Quantification for goods and budget estimations are specific challenges, given the high donor dependence, particularly for NTD related costs and the government’s limited financial role at present. These challenges contribute to stockouts of medications and supplies at clinic level, while delays in payments of salaries from the government compromise staff attendance and retention. For patients, the main challenges are high transportation costs, with inflated charges due to fear and stigma amongst motorbike taxi riders, and out-of-pocket payments for medication during stockouts and food/toiletries (for in-patients).ConclusionOur findings contribute to the limited work on financing of SSSD services in West African settings and provide insight on challenges and opportunities for financing and large costs in accessing care by households, which is also being exacerbated by stigma.
Mitigating BOT-based Methods for Email Address Harvesting and Spamming
Authors: Sheikh Shafiya A. , Banday M. Tariq 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Email databases are continually being updated with the inclusion of active email addresses collected from different sources by hackers and spammers for their illicit purpose, including spamming and sharing. The presence of multiple valid email addresses in the headers of chain and multi-recipient email messages increases the chances of successful harvesting. This paper investigates and exposes a bot-based technique for email address harvesting from email messages, including chain email messages and emails sent to multiple recipients. Experimentation results demonstrate the designed Bot's effectiveness in misusing technologies to collect email addresses from the header and body of email messages. Also, the experimented method and user studies demonstrated the XOAuth authentication mechanism's inefficiency in blocking mailbox access and email address harvesting. The comprehensive illustration of the design shall be beneficial to design techniques for detecting and mitigating such bots. The paper also suggests a few mechanisms that can be put in place to prevent this type of email address harvesting significantly and also designs a mitigation method to detect and mitigate the designed Bots of this nature.
Lead-free Inorganic Perovskite Cs-Cu-I Embedded Waterproof Nanofiber Films for White Color Emission
Authors: Lee Yongju , Cha Ji-Hyun , Kim Heejin , Lee Ja Yeon , Lee Min Wook , Jang Ho Seong , Jung Duk-Young 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Organic polymers can enhance the environmental stability of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) by encapsulation. We fabricated lead-free IPNCs embedded in waterproof and luminous polymer fibers. The encapsulated CsCu2I3 and Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals within polystyrene (PS) polymers, CsCu2I3@PS (Y-fiber) and Cs3Cu2I5@PS (B-fiber) were prepared by one-step electrospinning of the precursor solutions containing the precursors (CsI and CuI) and PS. The embedded nanocrystals had highly uniform sizes, spatial distribution, well-developed crystal structure, and pure phases. The Y-fibers and B-fibers showed bright yellow and blue color emission under ultraviolet (UV) light, respectively, and a white emission fiber layer was fabricated via dual-nozzle co-electrospinning using yellow-emissive CsCu2I3, and blue-emissive Cs3Cu2I5 precursor solutions. The as-prepared B-fibers exhibited improved water stability without changing crystal structure and PL emission in deionized water for 20 days. To enhance environmental stability and mechanical properties, the transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films containing IPNCs@PS fibers presented strong PL emission without a shift in PL emission wavelength under 100% tensile strain, indicating highly flexible and humidity-durable characteristics.
Phytoremediation An Effective Technique for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Harne Kailash , Joshi Himanshu , Wankhade Rajan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phytoremediation in the form of constructed wetlands is an effective method of treatment of municipal as well as industrial wastewater. The efficacy of this method has already been tested in European and American countries and found to be the best method of wastewater treatment. The efforts have been made in the present work to check the efficacy of phytoremediation in the form of constructed wetlands under Indian climatic conditions. A pilot plant of constructed wetlands has been constructed on the premises of Uttaranchal Jal Nigam Sewage treatment plant and municipal wastewater has been allowed to pass through the constructed wetland. It has been observed that BOD removal at 24 0C is governed by the equation Ce/Co = e-1.0042 x t and the removal rate constant of BOD has been observed to be 0.795 d-1 at 20 oC. It has been observed that the pilot constructed wetland is bringing effluent BOD and TSS up to 20 mg/l and 30 mg/l respectively consistently for the duration under study. The values of hydraulic retention time, hydraulic loading, and organic loading for achieving this performance are found to be 1.75 days,13.22 cm/d, and 142.78 Kg/ha. d respectively. Performance study of constructed wetland and the existing activated sludge treatment has shown that the percent removal for the parameters TSS, BOD, COD, and Fecal Coliforms is near to the same order except for TN and TP, where the activated sludge process unit shows higher removal than the constructed wetland.
Effects of Shading on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Metabolism of Cigar Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Yang Rongzhou , Yu Jun , Yang Jinpeng , Li Nanfen , Wang Sheliang , Yang Chunlei , Xu Fangsen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shading is a conventional cultivation method in crop production. However, the effects of shading on photosynthesis and metabolism of cigar leaves remain unclear. Here, the effects of shading on tobacco photosynthesis characteristics and metabolome were studied by setting light transmittance of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60%. The soluble sugar concentration and soluble protein concentration of cigar leaves at 70% and 60% shading treatments increased by 149.18% and 117.98%, and 174.48% and 195.91%, respectively, compared with that at 100% light transmittance at mature stage. A total of 702 differential metabolites were detected in cigar leaves among the different shading treatments. The metabolites mainly contain flavonoids, such as lignin, sesquiterpenoids, Metabolic pathways are enriched in amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. Six key metabolites are detected: Chlorogenic Acid, D-Glucosaminide, D-Urobilin, Farnesylcysteine, Hydroxyatrazine and Sucrose. Token together, our study showed that shading could significantly affect the photosynthesis and metabolism of cigar leaves, resulting in the accumulation of primary metabolites, soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves, which was beneficial to cigar plant growth and quality formation.
Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in elderly people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on Multi-level model: take the east coastal area of China as an example
Authors: WAN Leping , YANG Guangmei , LIANG Xiaoxiao , DONG Haiying , HE Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly patients in the eastern coastal regions of China, which correspond to socio-demographic conditions, comorbidities and health outcomes.
Methods
From September 2021 to December 2021, 750 participants with HTN and T2DM over the age of 60 were recruited through multi-stage stratified sampling to conduct a cross-sectional study in the eastern coastal region of China. HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The multi-level model was developed to analyze the effects of patients' own factors and regional factors on HRQoL in patients with HTN and T2DM, using patients as level 1 and regions as level.
Results
The percentage of co-morbidity of HTN and T2DM in community-dwelling older adults was 14.3%, with a health utility index (0.778 ± 0.270). The multi-level model showed that the ICC was 0.797 and 0.815, respectively, which means that about 79.7% of the variance in EQ-5D health utility index was due to older adults' own factors and 20.3% of the variance was from urban level aggregation; about 81.5% of the variance in EQ-VAS scores was due to own factors and 18.5% of the variance was from urban level aggregation. Multi-level model results show that age, marital status, monthly income, number of chronic diseases, and alcohol consumption (P < 0.05) were significantly related to HrQoL in elderly patients with HTN and T2DM.
Conclusion
The HRQoL of older adults with HTN and T2DM is significantly lower than that of the general population, and emphasis should be placed on the prevention and management of older adults with the disease. Meanwhile, a central aspect to the management of HTN and T2DM is promoting a healthy lifestyle, and health-related knowledge should be promoted more, with emphasis on patients' mental health, to improve the HTN and T2DM of older adults.
Intraoperative Intravenous versus Periarticular Injection of Glucocorticoids in improving clinical outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Study
Authors: Li Qing-tian , Liao Wei-hong , Chen Bin-long , Yang Yu-hui , Fu Guang-tao , Liao Jun-xing , Ma Yuan-chen , Zheng Qiu-jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoids have been widely used in perioperative period for postoperative pain relief and the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal administration protocols of glucocorticoids remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids between intravenous and periarticular injection on clinical outcomes.Methods: A total of 114 patients were randomly assigned, and 46 patients in intravenous (IV) group and 47 patients in periarticular injection (PI) group were included in the final statistical analysis. The IV group received 10 mg dexamethasone intravenously, and the PI group received periarticular injection of cocktail including 10 mg dexamethasone during the procedure. The clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the knee society score (KSS), range of motion (ROM), knee swelling, inflammation markers and complications for all patients after TKA.Results: Patients in the IV group had similar VAS score at rest and during walking at 6 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th days, 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively when compared to the PI group. The ROM of knee in the affected leg at post- operative 3 months was less in the IV group compared with the PI group (110.1°± 11.9°vs 115.4°± 13.5°, P = 0.047), but without a statistically significant difference at 3rd days and 2 weeks postoperatively. The knee swelling and KSS function score were not statistically different. The level of IL-6, CRP and ESR at postoperative 1st days and 3rd days were also similar in two groups. Vomiting and other complications occurrence were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: The intraoperative intravenous and periarticular injection of glucocorticoids have similar clinical outcomes, including postoperative pain management, prevention of PONV, inflammation, knee swelling, knee function recovery and the incidence of complications following primary TKA.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000033490. Date of registration: June 2, 2020.
In vitro rejuvenation of nodal segment explants for clonal propagation of Rauvolfia serpentina (L) Benth ex Kurz
Authors: Isah Tasiu , Zafar Nadia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Rauvolfia serpentina (L) Benth ex Kurz is an endangered medicinal woody species, widely distributed in Asia and used in several traditional medicine systems. Application of in vitro clonal propagation offers alternative strategies for biomass production useful in the production of pharmaceuticals but, difficulty in explant selection and low response to clonal production are impediment to the success. The present study evaluated efficiency of in vitro rejuvenation of nodal segment explants derived from basal offshoots and terminal buds collected across growth seasons and effect of serial subcultures on shoot morphogenesis in R. serpentina. Effect of culture medium strength (quarter, half and full strength MS) on shoot morphogenesis and proliferation through four (4) subcultures were also evaluated. Of the PGRs tested, BAP was more efficient over Kin and TDZ, and addition of NAA (0.5 mg L− 1) to the PGRs promoted shoot morphogenesis. Rhizogenesis was achieved using half basal MS medium added with IBA, NAA and IAA with IBA been the most efficient over other auxins tested. However, lower concentration of the IBA showed most appropriate results on good root differentiation. As a result, IBA has been the most efficient over other auxins tested but, lower concentration is the most appropriate for good root differentiation. Differential accumulation of pigment molecules and cellular osmolytes in response to the culture condition were evaluated in the dark-green and pale-green leaf morpho-types observed in the shoot cultures. Results of the present experiment suggests that explants collection season and PGRs influenced in vitro rejuvenation of nodal segment explants through physiological and biochemical changes essential for shoot morphogenesis.