bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the mechanisms governing the texture and microstructure evolution during static recrystallization and grain growth of low alloyed zirconium sheets (Zr702)
Authors: Dewobroto N. , Bozzolo N. , Barberis P. , Wagner F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low alloyed zirconium sheets (Zr702) have been cold-rolled up to 80% thickness reduction and submitted to various isothermal treatments. The aim was to identify the mechanisms which produce microstructure and texture changes during recrystallization and grain growth. XRD and texture analysis, FEG–SEM with EBSD as well as TEM were used to analyze the various specimens. Three types of substructures were observed in the initial deformed material. Accordingly, the nucleation starts in the most deformed areas and continues in the somewhat less deformed areas, which corresponds to a non oriented nucleation and results in a set of new grains, the size of which is very rapidly stabilized. In the last stage of recrystallization, the grains which have resisted the recrystallization disappear progressively by several mechanisms including in situ recrystallization. Therefore, the texture at the end of the recrystallization resembles the one of the deformed state. Normal grain growth leads to a moderate grain size increase due to the precipitates which slow down the grain boundary motion. This is also the stage where the texture changes due to the size advantage, after recrystallization, of grains in some specific orientations.
The Na–H system: from first-principles calculations to thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Qiu Caian , Opalka Susanne M. , Olson Gregory B. , Anton Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Na–H system thermodynamic properties were assessed using Gibbs free energy model parameters obtained from best fit optimizations to combined experimental and first-principles predicted data. The first-principles finite temperature thermodynamic property predictions, based upon density functional theory ground state minimizations and direct method lattice dynamics, were used to supplement the Na–H dataset wherever experimental information was unavailable or unattainable. The predictions proved to be important for extending the evaluation of the heat capacity of the stable NaH phase to cover the complete 0 – 2000 K temperature range. The predicted thermodynamic properties of the hypothetical NaH3 end-member representing complete interstitial H substitution in solid body-centered cubic Na, provided a physical basis for modeling H dissolution in the Na lattice. The modeling also showed satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements of NaH enthalpies of formation, NaH decomposition pressures, and H solubility in liquid Na.
Comparing the thermodynamic behaviour of Al(l) + ZrO2(4% Y2O3) and Al(l) + Al2O3
Authors: Copland Evan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In an effort to better determine the thermodynamic properties of Al(g) and Al2O(g) the vapour in equilibrium with Al(l) + 4 at.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was compared to the vapour in equilibrium with Al(l) + Al2O3(s) over the temperature range 1197 – 1509 K. This comparison was made directly by Knudsen effusion-cell mass spectrometry with an instrument configured for a multiple effusion-cell vapour source (multi-cell KEMS). Second-law enthalpies of vaporization of Al(g) and Al2O(g) together with activity measurements show that Al(l) + YSZ is thermodynamically equivalent to Al(l) + Al2O3(s), indicating that Al(l) remained pure and Al2O3(s) was present in the YSZ-cell. Subsequent observation of the Al(l)/YSZ and vapour/YSZ interfaces revealed a thin Al2O3-layer had formed, separating the YSZ-cell from Al(l) and Al(g) + Al2O(g), effectively transforming it into an Al2O3 effusion-cell. This behaviour agreed with observations made for β-NiAl(Pt) alloys measured in YSZ effusion-cell.
Failure-mode dependence of the strengthening effect in Ti3AlC2/10 vol.% Al2O3 composite
Authors: Chen Jixin , Liu Mingyue , Bao Yiwang , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The high-temperature mechanical properties of both Ti3AlC2 and Ti3AlC2/10 vol.%Al2O3 composite, including compressive strength, bending strength, and fracture behavior, were investigated. The strengthening effect caused by Al2O3 strongly depended on the mode of failure: significant enhancement in strength was only observed under the brittle mode of failure; whereas under the ductile mode of failure the strengthening effect was impaired due to Ti3AlC2 matrix softening and stress relaxation.
Novel combinatorial microstructures in Ti-6Al-4V alloy achieved by an electric-current-pulse treatment
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Wei-song , Li Dou-xing , Sui Man-ling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An electric-current-pulse (ECP) treatment was employed to rapidly heat a dogbone-shaped Ti-6Al-4V sheet. After the treatment, the alloy was modified from a single micrometer-sized structure to a shape-associated combinatorial counterpart. Coexisting with the original equiaxed coarsegrained α-Ti and the intergranular β-Ti, two kinds of novel ultrafine structures, nanometer-sized lamellar twins of β-Ti martensites and refined bimodal structure have been produced in the different parts of the bulk sample. Formation of the novel microstructures during the ECP treatment was systematically investigated. This work demonstrated that the ECP rapid heating treatment is a promising method to tailor the microstructures of the metallic alloys basically by designing the shape-associated distribution of the current density and offer a new possibility for improving the conventional alloys.
Determination of the critical tensile stress of sapphire by spherical indentation with additional lateral forces
Authors: Linss V. , Chudoba T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The comprehensive mechanical characterisation of thin films and surfaces is very important for a suitable optimisation of protection layers and layer systems. The Young’s modulus and the yield strength are widely accepted material parameters which can be determined by spherical nanoindentation in normal direction. This article reports on the determination of a further parameter, the critical tensile stress, by spherical nanoindentation with additional lateral forces. The critical tensile stress was determined for sapphire. It will be shown that the results obtained with two different nanoindentation devices equipped with spherical diamond indenters of different radii agree with less than 10% deviation.
Experimental and thermodynamic evaluation of the Co–Cr–C system
Authors: Markström Andreas , Norgren Susanne , Frisk Karin , Jansson Bo , Sterneland Thérèse 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
New experimental results on the liquid + graphite + M7C3 equilibrium are presented. The solubility of Co in the M7C3 carbide has been measured at 1523 and 1723 K. These measurements together with recently published measurements on the fcc + graphite + M7C3 equilibrium show that the solubility of Co in the M7C3 is much higher than predicted from thermodynamic calculations. A new thermodynamic description of the Co–Cr –C system is presented which accurately describes the solubility of Co in the M7C3 carbide in the temperature range 1373 – 1723 K.
Sintering of Si3N4 with Li-exchanged zeolite additive
Authors: Matovic B. , Rixecker G. , Boskovic S. , Aldinger F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the densification and phase transformation of Si3N4 with additives of Li-exchanged zeolite during pressureless sintering at significantly reduced temperatures. Dilatometric shrinkage data show that the first liquid forms as low as 1080 °C. Upon sintering at 1500 °C the bulk density increases to more than 95% of the theoretical density without phase transformation from α-S3N4 to β-Si3N4, i. e. the phase transformation lags behind the densification process. Above 1500 °C the secondary phase is completely converted into a glass and the α-to-β transformation takes place. Under these conditions the grain growth is anisotropic, leading to a microstructure which has potential for enhanced fracture toughness. The results show that a very effective low-temperature sintering additive for silicon nitride can be obtained from Li-exchanged zeolite.
The absolute thermoelectric power of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten
Authors: Brodowskya Horst , Chen Qiyuan , Xiao Zhongliang , Yin Zhoulan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In pure metals or homogeneous alloys, the number of electrons per atom as well as the pressure are constant in a temperature gradient, and the electrochemical potential of the electrons is a unique function of the temperature. That is why it is possible to obtain the thermopower of these materials not only in the conventional evaluation of the Onsager equations, which involves the calculation of two transport coefficients, but also with an alternative approach, which involves the calculation of the temperature dependence of the electrochemical potential. The method is illustrated with the calculation of the thermopower of Cr, Mo, and W from the density of states of these metals.
Re-evaluation of phase equilibria in the Al–Mo system
Authors: Eumann Markus , Sauthoff Gerhard , Palm Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phase equilibria and homogeneity ranges of the intermetallic phases in the Al –Mo system have been determined. The microstructures of samples of fixed composition and of diffusion couples were investigated by light-optical and scanning electron microscopy, the crystallographic structures and lattice constants were established by X-ray diffraction and the compositions of the phases were determined by electron probe microanalysis. In addition, transition temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis. The homogeneity ranges of the Al-rich intermetallic phases are narrow, with about 0.1 to 0.4 at.% widths. The phases and phase equilibria as established in previous studies have been confirmed with the exception of the phase Al3+xMo1– x
, which has not been detected. The congruent melting point of Al8Mo3 was found at 1546 ± 3 °C and the Al-rich phase boundary for AlMo3 has been determined between 800 and 1200 °C.
Microstructure of the “white layer” formed on nitrided Fe-7 wt.% Cr alloys
Authors: Hosmani Santosh S. , Schacherl Ralf E. , Mittemeijer Eric J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The formation of a compound, “white” layer on the surface of Fe-7 wt.% Cr alloy, by exposure to a gas mixture of ammonia and hydrogen at 580 °C, was investigated. The microstructure of the surface layer was analysed employing light and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. For the first time a quantitative (phase) analysis of such a white layer was carried out, demonstrating the presence of a dispersed CrN phase within a γ| iron-nitride matrix.
The effect of ageing on tensile behaviour, mode I and mixed mode I/III fracture toughness of 7010 aluminium alloy
Authors: Eswar Raju K. S. S. , Mukhopadhyay Ashim K. , Kamat Samir V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of ageing on the tensile behaviour, mode I fracture toughness and mixed mode I/III fracture toughness of 7010 aluminium alloy plate was investigated. It was found that the 0.2% proof stress in this alloy increased from the under-aged temper to the peak-aged (T6) temper and then subsequently decreased in the over-aged (T73) temper. On the other hand, the ductility exhibited a monotonic decrease from the under-aged temper to the over-aged temper. The Ludwigson equation was found to best describe the flow behaviour in all the three ageing tempers. Under mode I as well as mixed mode I/III loading, the highest fracture toughness was seen in the under-aged temper, whereas the fracture toughness values in the peak-aged and over-aged tempers were comparable.
Influence of process parameters on particle characteristics using a combined pressure-swirl-gas atomizer
Authors: Achelis Lydia , Uhlenwinkel Volker , Bauckhage Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper summarizes the latest results in the development of a combined pressure-swirl-gas atomizer. The main goals of this investigation are to characterize the generated metal powders in terms of spray pattern and particle size distribution. With the combined pressure-swirl-gas atomizer it is possible to create 150 kg h – 1 of tin powder with mass medians between 30 and 110 μm (tin alloys) and geometric standard deviations below 1.9 with a nitrogen consumption of 100 kg h – 1. Gas flow and melt mass flow can be varied independently of each other, while their characteristic ratio of mass flows can be held below 0.7, which opens new potential for low gas consumption in gas atomization. The experiments were conducted with water and tin melts as model fluids. The comparison of the dimensionless numbers shows that the model experiments are comparable and basically extendable to other melts as long as the material characteristics allow this.
Electrochemical characterisation of magnesium and wrought magnesium alloys
Authors: Nascimento Maria Lúcia , Fleck Claudia , Müller Wolf-Dieter , Löhe Detlef 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of magnesium and different wrought alloys, AZ31, AE42, LAE442, and ZEK100, with and without heat treatment, was examined with the Mini-cell System by linear sweep voltammetry in 0.5 wt.% and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The corrosion damage was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Magnesium and the different alloys exhibited strong differences in their electrochemical behaviour. Alloying with aluminium increases the corrosion resistance. However, the magnitude of this improvement depends on uniform sizes and distributions of the Al-rich phases. Similarly, the influence of the heat treatment on the corrosion resistance depends on the produced distribution of precipitates. Magnesium and its alloys corrode quite rapidly in comparison with other metals, and there is pronounced hydrogen development. The latter increased with increasing NaCl concentration, although no great differences in the corrosion in both concentrations were observed, except on pure magnesium and ZEK100.
Progress in understanding the metallurgy of 18% nickel maraging steels
Authors: Rao Muktinutalapati Nageswara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Maraging steels based on iron –nickel martensite constitute a very important family of high-strength steels, which distinguishes itself by demonstrating an unparalleled combination of excellent fabricability and high strength and fracture toughness after heat treatment. Heat treatment of these steels has now been perfected to ensure consistently high levels of strength, ductility, and toughness in a variety of product shapes and sizes. Cobalt-free variants have been commercialized as part of efforts to save production costs. Further knowledge has been generated on 18% nickel maraging steels regarding phases precipitating during aging, thermal embrittlement, thermal cycling and austenite reversion/retention and their effect on mechanical properties. The paper reviews the progress made over the last one and half decades.
Static, fatigue and stress-shielding analysis of the use of different PEEK based materials as hip stem implants
Authors: Gok Mustafa Guven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is a possibility that hip joints may become dysfunctional due to age, wear or some accidents, and in this case they need to be replaced with hip implants. However, after conventional hip stem implantation, the load transferred to the bone usually decreases due to the high stiffness of the metallic (most commonly Ti6Al4V, CoCr or stainless steel) hip stem implant, and as a result, mineral loss occurs in the bone which weakens. On the other hand, PEEK is an advantageous material with its low cost, ease of production, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. More importantly, it has the potential to be a good alternative to metallic materials in load-bearing bone replacements, thanks to its mechanical properties and density close to that of the bone. In this study, hip stem implants having three different commercial PEEK materials and four different metallic main spar designs were modeled. Their behavior under static and dynamic loading conditions was analyzed according to ASTM-F2996-20 and ISO-7206-4:2010 standard test methods, and the stress-shielding effect of hip stems modeled as implanted into the femur was simulated using ANSYS commercial finite element analysis software. According to the results, it was observed that CFP based hip stem models meet the five million life time criteria and increase the stress on the femur bone by up to 57%.
Influences on the mechanical properties of SRCs in a combined compacting and back injecting process
Authors: Jakob Fabian , Pollmeier Joshua , Heim Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this research paper, the effects of the combined compacting and back-injection process to produce back-injected self-reinforced composites on the mechanical properties of the self-reinforced composites (SRCs) are investigated. For this purpose, the parameters barrel temperature, time of injection and holding pressure were varied for the back injection. Tensile and bending tests were carried out on the SRCs. The results show that the mechanical properties depend to a large extent on the process parameters. The measured tensile strength varies between approx. 186 and 86 MPa, the stiffness between approx. 3500 and 2000 MPa. The flexural strength is measured between approx. 75 and 5 MPa, the flexural modulus between approx. 5480 and 650 MPa. Flexural tests are more suitable for evaluation of the consolidation, as tensile tests cannot evaluate the adhesion of the fabric layers to each other in the SRCs. Microscopic examinations show that consolidation by the back-injected melt can lead to smaller cross-sections in the SRCs compared to an area that was not back-injected. At high barrel temperatures, melting of individual fabric layers can occur, which explains, among other things, the drop in the mechanical properties of the SRCs.
Average spectral efficiency of multi-pulse position with adaptive transmissions and aperture averaging over atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Magidi Simbarashe , Jabeena Afthab 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The analysis of average spectral efficiency (ASE) of multi-pulse position modulation (MPPM) scheme with optimal rate adaptation (ORA) and channel inversion with fixed rate (CIFR) adaptation schemes over the gamma–gamma free space optical (FSO) channel has been carried out in this paper. The performance of the adaptation schemes has been analyzed in terms of the average channel capacity and has been further scrutinized under the aperture averaging effects in moderate and strong atmospheric turbulence. For the first time, closed form expressions for MPPM with ORA and CIFR transmitter adaptation schemes have been derived in terms of Meijer’s G functions. Using the derived expressions, the performance of the two adaptation policies have been compared for different transmitter power and varying FSO length, MPPM modulation order and aperture averaging. The analysis results revealed that generally, ORA performs better than CIFR under the considered turbulence strength, modulation order and aperture averaging. However, aperture averaging offers more gain in ASE in strong turbulence than moderate turbulence for both ORA and CIFR. Furthermore, the results revealed that aperture averaging effects offers much more gain in ASE when used with CIFR than ORA.
Feminizing adrenocortical oncocytoma presenting as precocious puberty: a case report and literature review
Authors: Verma Sonali , Mandelia Ankur , Jain Manoj , Bhatia Vijayalakshmi , Lal Hira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Feminizing adrenal tumors are rare in childhood. We present a case of a special category of adrenal tumor, an oncocytoma, causing isosexual peripheral precocity.

Case presentation
A 4-year old girl presented with breast development and menstrual bleeding over a period of 3–4 months. Her SMR staging was breast stage 4, pubic hair stage 3. Her bone age was advanced (6 year 10 months), stimulated LH 0.7 IU/L, estradiol 206 pmol/L and DHEAS >27.1 micromol/L. CT scan revealed a right adrenal mass with features of atypical adrenal adenoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was done and histopathology revealed oncocytoma. Lin–Weiss–Bisceglia criteria classified it as likely benign, borne out till a 2 year follow up.

Conclusions
Adrenal oncocytoma can be a cause of isosexual peripheral precocity in a young girl. Recognition and correct classification of this histological variant, which is more often benign, is important for prognostication and choice of therapy after surgery.
MI Diaries: ethical and practical challenges
Authors: Sneller Betsy , Wagner Suzanne Evans , Ye Yongqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Michigan Diaries (MI Diaries) project was developed from late March to early April of 2020, in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. MI Diaries is a longitudinal sociolinguistic project, collecting “audio diaries” from participants throughout the pandemic and beyond. As a research project designed to obtain personal narratives from a time of deep anxiety and pain, and during a time where face-to-face data collection was not feasible, MI Diaries was confronted from the outset with a substantial set of both ethical and practical considerations. In this paper, we describe some of these challenges, and our false starts and eventual solutions in response. Throughout, we highlight decisions and methods that may be applicable for future researchers conducting remote fieldwork, navigating a speech community during a disaster, or both.
Crystal structure of 9-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-pyrido [1′,2′:1,6]pyrazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline, C15H18N4O
Authors: Zhang Qiu Yu , Yu Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C15H18N4O, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.7562(5) Å, b = 9.5520(6) Å, c = 11.4227(8) Å, α = 97.206(5)°, β = 102.335(6)°, γ = 108.614(7)°, V = 667.39(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0480, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1388, T = 150 K.