bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Aurora on the Nightside of Mars: Occurrence Location and Probability
Authors: Fang Xiaohua , Ma Yingjuan , Schneider Nick , Girazian Zach , Luhmann Janet , Milby Zachariah , Jain Sonal , Dong Yaxue , Curry Shannon , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper represents the first attempt to predict the occurrence location and probability of discrete electron aurora on the nightside of Mars. We run a 3‐D time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamic model to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of magnetic field and plasma distributions over the course of one planetary rotation. We perform eight simulation cases under solar minimum quiet‐solar‐wind conditions (four equinox/solstice seasons, each with two interplanetary magnetic field polarities) and in an actual interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) case to assess quiet and space weather situations, respectively. The occurrence of detectable discrete aurora is subject to the combination of the probabilities that (a) the ionosphere is magnetically connected with high altitudes through open field lines and (b) precipitating energy fluxes of >30 eV electrons exceed 0.1 erg/cm2/s. Our results show that during quiet solar activity, discrete aurora occurs likely on small‐scale patches embedded inside strong crustal magnetic field regions (with a magnitude greater than 50 nT at 150 km), and the overall chance across the globe is ∼0.77%. The higher probability over strong crustal field regions is attributed to the stronger magnetic field convergence. Modeling shows the occurrence probability dramatically increases during the ICME event, particularly by more than an order of magnitude in weak crustal field regions. Our model results reasonably agree with NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN and Mars Express observations. Our study suggests that nightside discrete electron aurora is not caused by the direct entry of magnetosheath plasma in a cusp‐like process but due to the recycling of nightside magnetospheric electrons.
Secondary Geomorphic Processes and Their Influence on Alluvial Fan Morphology, Channel Behavior and Flood Hazards
Authors: Vincent L. T. , Eaton B. C. , Leenman A. S. , Jakob M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlluvial fans form through primary and secondary geomorphic processes. Primary processes comprise major geomorphic events that build the fan by transporting sediment from the watershed to the fan; these events occur at decadal time scales. Secondary processes include the smaller flood events which recruit little sediment from the watershed but can re‐mobilize and rework sediment already delivered to the fan. The experiments described herein study the effects of secondary processes on alluvial fan morphology and channel behavior. We conducted four experiments, in which alluvial fans were built by alternating between primary events, with high flows and high sediment supply, and secondary events, with moderate flows and no sediment supply. In our experiments, primary events are best described as debris floods and secondary events correspond to smaller floods with much lower sediment concentrations. The duration of the secondary events varied between experiments, but the number and duration of the primary events was held constant keeping the total volume of sediment delivered to the fan the same. We monitored fan gradient, area, channel patterns and avulsions. Experiments with longer secondary events generated larger fans with gentler gradients. In addition, longer secondary events led to increased flow channelization and centralization between primary events. These morphologic changes resulted in fewer avulsions during primary events, which occurred later during the event. These results indicate that changes to the relative duration of primary and secondary events caused by climate change can affect fan morphology, wet fraction, and avulsion frequency, with implications for potential flood hazard.
Coordinated Control Can Deliver Synergies Across Multiple Rainwater Storages
Authors: Xu Wei D. , Burns Matthew J. , Cherqui Frédéric , Smith‐Miles Kate , Fletcher Tim D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies in Real−Time Control (RTC) Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWH) have to date been limited to the control of single storages, leaving the potential benefits of operating multiple storages in a coordinated manner largely untested. In this study, we aimed to design an optimization‐based RTC strategy that can operate multiple storages in a coordinated manner to achieve multiple objectives. We modeled the long‐term performance of this coordinated approach (i.e., termed as coordinated control) across a range of storage sizes and compared it with a strategy that optimized the operation of each storage individually, ignoring the state of other stores within the system. Our results show that coordinated control delivered a synergy benefit in achieving better baseflow restoration, with almost no detriment to the water supply and flood protection (overflow reduction) performance. The efficiency achieved through coordinated control allows large storages to compensate for smaller, underperforming systems, to achieve higher overall performance. Such a finding suggests a general control principle in building coordination among multiple storages, which can potentially be adapted to mitigate flooding risks, and also applied to other stormwater control measures. This also opens up a new opportunity for practitioners to construct a future “smart rainwater grid” using a network of distributed storages, in combination with centralized large storages, to manage urban stormwater in a range of contexts and for a range of environmental objectives.
Flushing the Lake Littoral Region: The Interaction of Differential Cooling and Mild Winds
Authors: Ramón Cintia L. , Ulloa Hugo N. , Doda Tomy , Bouffard Damien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe interaction of a uniform cooling rate at the lake surface with sloping bathymetry efficiently drives cross‐shore water exchanges between the shallow littoral and deep interior regions. The faster cooling rate of the shallows results in the formation of density‐driven currents, known as thermal siphons, that flow downslope until they intrude horizontally at the base of the surface mixed layer. Existing parameterizations of the resulting buoyancy‐driven cross‐shore transport assume calm wind conditions, which are rarely observed in lakes and thereby restrict their applicability. Here, we examine how moderate winds (≲5 m s−1) affect this convective cross‐shore transport. We derive simple analytical solutions that we further test against realistic three‐dimensional numerical hydrodynamic simulations of an enclosed stratified basin subject to uniform and steady surface cooling rate and cross‐shore winds. We show cross‐shore winds modify the convective circulation, stopping or even reversing it in the upwind littoral region and enhancing the cross‐shore exchange in the downwind region. The analytical parameterization satisfactorily predicted the magnitude of the simulated offshore unit‐width discharges in the upwind and downwind littoral regions. Our scaling expands the previous formulation to a regime where both wind and buoyancy forces drive cross‐shore discharges of similar magnitude. This range is defined by the non‐dimensional Monin‐Obukhov length scale, χMO: 0.1 ≲ χMO ≲ 0.5. The information needed to evaluate the scaling formula can be readily obtained from a traditional set of in situ observations.
Scalable batch fabrication of ultrathin flexible neural probes using a bioresorbable silk layer
Authors: Cointe Clement , Laborde Adrian , Nowak Lionel G. , Arvanitis Dina N. , Bourrier David , Bergaud Christian , Maziz Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFlexible intracerebral probes for neural recording and electrical stimulation have been the focus of many research works to achieve better compliance with the surrounding tissue while minimizing rejection. Strategies have been explored to find the best way to insert flexible probes into the brain while maintaining their flexibility once positioned. Here, we present a novel and versatile scalable batch fabrication approach to deliver ultrathin and flexible probes consisting of a silk-parylene bilayer. The biodegradable silk layer, whose degradation time is programmable, provides a temporary and programmable stiffener to allow the insertion of ultrathin parylene-based flexible devices. Our innovative and robust batch fabrication technology allows complete freedom over probe design in terms of materials, size, shape, and thickness. We demonstrate successful ex vivo insertion of the probe with acute high-fidelity recordings of epileptic seizures in field potentials as well as single-unit action potentials in mouse brain slices. Our novel technological solution for implanting ultraflexible devices in the brain while minimizing rejection risks shows high potential for use in both brain research and clinical therapies.
Safety and efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes in hepatobiliary cancers
Authors: Hochnadel Inga , Hoenicke Lisa , Petriv Nataliia , Neubert Lavinia , Reinhard Elena , Hirsch Tatjana , Alfonso Juan Carlos Lopez , Suo Huizhen , Longerich Thomas , Geffers Robert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Guzmán Carlos Alberto , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lenzen Henrike , Manns Michael Peter , Bruder Dunja , Yevsa Tetyana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary liver cancer (PLC) comprising hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the third deadliest cancer worldwide with still insufficient treatment options. We have previously found that CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) response is indispensable for the protection against PLC. In the present research, we aimed to test the potent inducers of Th1 responses, live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes ∆actA/∆inlB strain as preventive/therapeutic vaccine candidate in liver fibrosis, HCC, and CCA. Studies were performed using autochthonous models of HCC and CCA, highly reflecting human disease. L. monocytogenes ∆actA/∆inlB demonstrated strong safety/efficacy in premalignant and malignant liver diseases. The protective mechanism relied on the induction of strong tumor-specific immune responses that keep the development of hepatobiliary cancers under control. Combination therapy, comprising Listeria vaccination and a checkpoint inhibitor blockade significantly extended the survival of HCC-bearing mice even at the advanced stages of the disease. This is the first report on the safety and efficacy of Listeria-based vaccine in liver fibrosis, as well as the first proof of principle study on Listeria-based vaccines in CCA. Our study paves the way for the use of live-attenuated Listeria as safe and efficient vaccine and a potent inducer of protective immune responses in liver fibrosis and hepatobiliary malignancies.
USP13 promotes development and metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in a novel mouse model
Authors: Kwon Juntae , Choi Hyeongjwa , Ware Anna D. , Morillo Bernadette Cecilia , Wang Haiyang , Bouker Kerrie B. , Lu Xiongbin , Waldman Todd , Han Cecil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and one of the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 13 (USP13) gene copy is strongly amplified in human epithelial ovarian cancer, and high USP13 expression is correlated with poor survival outcomes. Yet, its pathological contribution to ovarian tumorigenesis remains unknown. We crossed a conditionalUsp13overexpressing knock-in mouse with a conditional knockout ofTrp53andPtenmouse and generated a novel ovarian cancer genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), which closely recapitulates the genetic changes driving ovarian cancer in humans. Overexpression of USP13 with deletion ofTrp53andPtenin murine ovarian surface epithelium accelerated ovarian tumorigenesis and led to decreased survival in mice. Notably, USP13 greatly enhanced peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors with frequent development of hemorrhagic ascites. The primary and metastatic tumors exhibited morphology and clinical behavior similar to human high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Co-inhibition of USP13 and AKT significantly decreased the viability of the primary murine ovarian cancer cells isolated from the GEMM. USP13 also increased the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of primary murine ovarian cancer cells in a syngeneic mouse study. These findings suggest a critical role of USP13 in ovarian cancer development and reveal USP13 as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Regulatory T-lymphocyte subsets in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia after high-dose of dexamethasone
Authors: Elsayh Khalid Ibrahim , Saad Khaled , Osman Naglaa Samy , Mahmoud Khaled Hashim , Ahmad Faisal A. , Khalaf Shaimaa M. , Sayed Noha G. , Zahran Zeinab Albadry M. , Ghandour Aliaa M. A. , Elhoufey Amira A. , Bedir Tamer , Zahran Asmaa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease. This study’s objective was to estimate the variations in the population of CD4+CD25+HighFoxP3+cells (CD4+regulatory T-lymphocytes; Tregs) in previously untreated children with chronic ITP managed in Assiut University Hospitals, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) in these patients.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the frequencies of T-lymphocyte subsets in 27 untreated children with chronic ITP.ResultsPrior to treatment, the percentages of CD4+CD25Highcells and Tregs were significantly lower in the chronic ITP group compared to the control group (p = 0.018 andp < 0.0001, respectively). After treatment with HD-DXM, Tregs and platelets were significantly increased in these patients (p < 0.0001 for both).ConclusionsOur results suggest that Tregs are deficient in children with chronic ITP and that HD-DXM immunosuppressive therapy can restore the levels of these cells.ImpactCD4+CD25Highcells and Tregs were significantly lower in children chronic ITP compared to healthy control.HD-DXM treatment led to significantly increased Tregs and platelets in these patients.Our results suggest that Tregs are deficient in children with chronic ITP and that HD-DXM immunosuppressive therapy can restore the levels of these cells.
Quantum algorithmic measurement
Authors: Aharonov Dorit , Cotler Jordan , Qi Xiao-Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has been recent promising experimental and theoretical evidence that quantum computational tools might enhance the precision and efficiency of physical experiments. However, a systematic treatment and comprehensive framework are missing. Here we initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms and interactive protocols. We use the QUALM framework to study two important experimental problems in quantum many-body physics: determining whether a system’s Hamiltonian is time-independent or time-dependent, and determining the symmetry class of the dynamics of the system. We study abstractions of these problems and show for both cases that if the experimentalist can use her experimental samples coherently (in both space and time), a provable exponential speedup is achieved compared to the standard situation in which each experimental sample is accessed separately. Our work suggests that quantum computers can provide a new type of exponential advantage: exponential savings in resources in quantum experiments.
Brain-wide visual habituation networks in wild type and fmr1 zebrafish
Authors: Marquez-Legorreta Emmanuel , Constantin Lena , Piber Marielle , Favre-Bulle Itia A. , Taylor Michael A. , Blevins Ann S. , Giacomotto Jean , Bassett Dani S. , Vanwalleghem Gilles C. , Scott Ethan K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHabituation is a form of learning during which animals stop responding to repetitive stimuli, and deficits in habituation are characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. Due to technical challenges, the brain-wide networks mediating habituation are poorly understood. Here we report brain-wide calcium imaging during larval zebrafish habituation to repeated visual looming stimuli. We show that different functional categories of loom-sensitive neurons are located in characteristic locations throughout the brain, and that both the functional properties of their networks and the resulting behavior can be modulated by stimulus saliency and timing. Using graph theory, we identify a visual circuit that habituates minimally, a moderately habituating midbrain population proposed to mediate the sensorimotor transformation, and downstream circuit elements responsible for higher order representations and the delivery of behavior. Zebrafish larvae carrying a mutation in the fmr1 gene have a systematic shift toward sustained premotor activity in this network, and show slower behavioral habituation.
A non-catalytic scaffolding activity of hexokinase 2 contributes to EMT and metastasis
Authors: Blaha Catherine S. , Ramakrishnan Gopalakrishnan , Jeon Sang-Min , Nogueira Veronique , Rho Hyunsoo , Kang Soeun , Bhaskar Prashanth , Terry Alexander R. , Aissa Alexandre F. , Frolov Maxim V. , Patra Krushna C. , Brooks Robey R. , Hay Nissim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHexokinase 2 (HK2), which catalyzes the first committed step in glucose metabolism, is induced in cancer cells. HK2’s role in tumorigenesis has been attributed to its glucose kinase activity. Here, we describe a kinase independent HK2 activity, which contributes to metastasis. HK2 binds and sequesters glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and acts as a scaffold forming a ternary complex with the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1a) and GSK3β to facilitate GSK3β phosphorylation and inhibition by PKA. Thus, HK2 functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). Phosphorylation by GSK3β targets proteins for degradation. Consistently, HK2 increases the level and stability of GSK3 targets, MCL1, NRF2, and particularly SNAIL. In addition to GSK3 inhibition, HK2 kinase activity mediates SNAIL glycosylation, which prohibits its phosphorylation by GSK3. Finally, in mouse models of breast cancer metastasis, HK2 deficiency decreases SNAIL protein levels and inhibits SNAIL-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis.
CRISPR-assisted rational flux-tuning and arrayed CRISPRi screening of an l-proline exporter for l-proline hyperproduction
Authors: Liu Jiao , Liu Moshi , Shi Tuo , Sun Guannan , Gao Ning , Zhao Xiaojia , Guo Xuan , Ni Xiaomeng , Yuan Qianqian , Feng Jinhui , Liu Zhemin , Guo Yanmei , Chen Jiuzhou , Wang Yu , Zheng Ping , Sun Jibin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDevelopment of hyperproducing strains is important for biomanufacturing of biochemicals and biofuels but requires extensive efforts to engineer cellular metabolism and discover functional components. Herein, we optimize and use the CRISPR-assisted editing and CRISPRi screening methods to convert a wild-typeCorynebacterium glutamicumto a hyperproducer ofl-proline, an amino acid with medicine, feed, and food applications. To facilitatel-proline production, feedback-deregulated variants of key biosynthetic enzyme γ-glutamyl kinase are screened using CRISPR-assisted single-stranded DNA recombineering. To increase the carbon flux towardsl-proline biosynthesis, flux-control genes predicted by in silico analysis are fine-tuned using tailored promoter libraries. Finally, an arrayed CRISPRi library targeting all 397 transporters is constructed to discover anl-proline exporter Cgl2622. The final plasmid-, antibiotic-, and inducer-free strain producesl-proline at the level of 142.4 g/L, 2.90 g/L/h, and 0.31 g/g. The CRISPR-assisted strain development strategy can be used for engineering industrial-strength strains for efficient biomanufacturing.
Effects of early-life antibiotics on the developing infant gut microbiome and resistome: a randomized trial
Authors: Reyman Marta , van Houten Marlies A. , Watson Rebecca L. , Chu Mei Ling J. N. , Arp Kayleigh , de Waal Wouter J. , Schiering Irene , Plötz Frans B. , Willems Rob J. L. , van Schaik Willem , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , Bogaert Debby 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBroad-spectrum antibiotics for suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis (sEONS) may have pronounced effects on gut microbiome development and selection of antimicrobial resistance when administered in the first week of life, during the assembly phase of the neonatal microbiome. Here, 147 infants born at ≥36 weeks of gestational age, requiring broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of sEONS in their first week of life were randomized 1:1:1 to receive three commonly prescribed intravenous antibiotic combinations, namely penicillin + gentamicin, co-amoxiclav + gentamicin or amoxicillin + cefotaxime (ZEBRA study, Trial Register NL4882). Average antibiotic treatment duration was 48 hours. A subset of 80 non-antibiotic treated infants from a healthy birth cohort served as controls (MUIS study, Trial Register NL3821). Rectal swabs and/or faeces were collected before and immediately after treatment, and at 1, 4 and 12 months of life. Microbiota were characterized by 16S rRNA-based sequencing and a panel of 31 antimicrobial resistance genes was tested using targeted qPCR. Confirmatory shotgun metagenomic sequencing was executed on a subset of samples. The overall gut microbial community composition and antimicrobial resistance gene profile majorly shift directly following treatment (R2 = 9.5%, adjustedp-value = 0.001 and R2 = 7.5%, adjustedp-value = 0.001, respectively) and normalize over 12 months (R2 = 1.1%, adjustedp-value = 0.03 and R2 = 0.6%, adjustedp-value = 0.23, respectively). We find a decreased abundance ofBifidobacteriumspp. and increased abundance ofKlebsiellaandEnterococcusspp. in the antibiotic treated infants compared to controls. Amoxicillin + cefotaxime shows the largest effects on both microbial community composition and antimicrobial resistance gene profile, whereas penicillin + gentamicin exhibits the least effects. These data suggest that the choice of empirical antibiotics is relevant for adverse ecological side-effects.
Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals
Authors: Ward Helen , Whitaker Matthew , Flower Barnaby , Tang Sonja N. , Atchison Christina , Darzi Ara , Donnelly Christl A. , Cann Alexandra , Diggle Peter J. , Ashby Deborah , Riley Steven , Barclay Wendy S. , Elliott Paul , Cooke Graham S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPopulation antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect antibody production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individuals within the REACT-2 programme in England, which uses self-administered lateral flow antibody tests in sequential cross-sectional community samples; 71,923 (33.9%) received at least one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and 139,067 (65.6%) received ChAdOx1. For both vaccines, antibody positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after first dose and then declines. At least 21 days after second dose of BNT162b2, close to 100% of respondents test positive, while for ChAdOx1, this is significantly reduced, particularly in the oldest age groups (72.7% [70.9–74.4] at ages 75 years and above). For both vaccines, antibody positivity decreases with age, and is higher in females and those with previous infection. Antibody positivity is lower in transplant recipients, obese individuals, smokers and those with specific comorbidities. These groups will benefit from additional vaccine doses.