bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding patient and physician responses to various cost-sharing programs for prescription drugs in South Korea: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Son Kyung-Bok , Lee Eui-Kyung , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPatient and/or physician responses are a pivotal issue in designing rational cost-sharing programs under health insurance systems.ObjectivesThis study aims to understand patient and/or physician responses to cost-sharing programs designed for prescription drugs in South Korea.MethodsAs a framework, we took advantage of a tiered cost-sharing program, including from copayment to coinsurance (threshold 1) and reduced coinsurance (threshold 2). Given the hierarchical structure of prescriptions nested within patients, we utilized a multilevel analysis to assess effects of various cost-sharing programs on patient and/or physician responses using National Health Insurance claims data from 2018.ResultsWe found that a tiered cost-sharing program was effective in changing the behaviors of patients and/or physicians. Threshold 1 was found to be more effective than threshold 2 in changing their behaviors. At the prescription level, sensitivity to cost-sharing programs was associated with prescribed days of treatment and locations of prescription. In a similar vein, sensitivity to cost-sharing programs was associated with gender and age group of patients.ConclusionA simplified cost-sharing program with extended intervals should be considered to rationalize cost-sharing programs. Specifically, a cost-sharing program designed for long-term prescriptions for chronic diseases together with an emphasis on cost transparency is required to better guide price-conscious decisions by patients and/or physicians.
Determination of dielectric properties and predictive modeling for designing radio-frequency heating of ground beef
Authors: Purohit Anuj , Kumari Ankanksha , Roy Anupam , Mohan Anand 
Published: August 2022

Dielectric properties of ground beef as affected by the variation of fat content (73/27, 80/20, and 85/15 lean/fat) and temperature (0–90 °C) were determined using a parallel plate LCR meter and liquid test fixture at the radiofrequency (RF) of 27.12 MHz. The values of dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε'') of ground beef significantly increased with temperature (p &lt; 0.05) whereas the values of penetration depth (dp) decreased with temperature (p &lt; 0.05) up to the respective points of local extrema. Values of both ε′ and ε'' were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) for the leaner blend 85/15 and conversely, penetration depth was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) for the leaner blend. As temperature increased beyond the point of maximum for ε′ and ε'' and point of minimum for dp, there was no significant difference in the dielectric properties between the different lean/fat blends. Predictive equations of second order in temperature and fat content were developed for the dielectric properties which explained 74, 93, and 98% variation in ε′, ε'', and for dp respectively, based on R2 values. The dielectric properties and their fitted models can be utilized for designing pilot and mass scale RF processes for heating ground beef.
Unusually large paraganglioma complicated with successive catecholamine crises: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Huang Zhenhui , Liang Guojian , Shen Hua , Hong Chuyuan , Yin Xuexia , Zhang Shi 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundParagangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that could secret catecholamines. Hypertension and heart failure caused by the catecholamine crisis are fatal cardiovascular events. However, silent paragangliomas that lack typical symptoms of catecholamine pose a significant diagnostic challenge.Case summaryA 45-year-old woman who presented with more than 1-year history of abdominal discomfort was suspected of having a gastrointestinal stromal tumor by a local hospital since a vast metastatic mass occupied her left abdomen. Thus, she was recommended to our hospital. After completing the gastroscopy, she unexpectedly developed acute heart failure and was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where the initial diagnosis of paraganglioma was considered through path. However, a second catecholamine crisis due to constipation led to acute heart failure again. After anti-heart failure therapy and rigorous preoperative preparation, surgery was arranged to remove the tumor. Postoperative pathology conﬁrmed the paraganglioma, and the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition.ConclusionWe reported a rare case of huge retro-peritoneal paraganglioma with successive catecholamine crises and acute heart failure. This was probably the largest retro-peritoneal paraganglioma since the 1980s. Besides, we were the first to use surgical drawing to illustrate its complex anatomical adjacent relationship of retro-peritoneal paraganglioma. Our case emphasizes the inclusion of extra-adrenal paraganglioma in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors. In suspected paragangliomas, catecholamine testing is preferable to invasive procedures including gastroscopy and biopsy to avoid triggering a catecholamine crisis. Surgical resection is the primary treatment. We highlight the priority of dealing with the venous reflux branches of the tumor to prevent the release of catecholamines into the blood. In particular, preoperative preparation plays a vital role in managing paraganglioma. Moreover, it is necessary to schedule genetic testing and clinical follow-up due to the metastatic potential of paragangliomas.
Identification of risk factors for 1-year mortality among critically ill older adults with hip fractures surgery: A single medical center retrospective study
Authors: Luo Taijun , Zhang Juxia , Zhou Haibin , Xu Tao , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Geng 
Published: August 2022

AimThe purpose of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors for mortality 1 year after hip fracture surgery in critically ill older adults.MethodsWe reviewed 591 critically ill older adults who underwent hip surgery at our institution from January 2018 to April 2021. We collected baseline demographics, clinical information, and 1-year survival status of the sample patients by means of medical record systems and follow-up phone calls. Patients were divided into survival and mortality groups based on survival within 1 year after surgery.ResultsBased on the results of the 1-year postoperative follow-up of patients, we obtained 117 cases in the death group and 474 cases in the survival group, and this led to a 1-year mortality rate of 19.8% (117/591) after hip fracture in critically ill older adults at our hospital. The risk factors that influenced the 1-year postoperative mortality were identified as advanced age (HR:1.04, 95%, 1.01–1.06), preoperative arrhythmia (HR: 1.95, 95%, 1.26–2.70), high level of NLR (HR:1.03, 95%, 1.01–1.06), respiratory failure (HR: 2.63, 95%, 1.32–5.23), and acute cardiovascular failure. 5.23) and acute cardiovascular events (HR: 1.65, 95%, 1.05–2.59).ConclusionAdvanced age, preoperative arrhythmias, high levels of NLR, postoperative respiratory failure, and acute cardiovascular events were independent risk factors for survival of critically ill older adults with hip fracture at 1 year after surgery. Therefore, laboratory tests such as high levels of preoperative NLR can be an important indicator of patient prognosis.
Conservation of Resources, Psychological Distress, and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Egozi Farkash Hadas , Lahad Mooli , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Leykin Dima , Aharonson-Daniel Limor 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The Conservation of Resources (COR) theory suggests that stress results from threatened or actual loss of resources following significant life events. This study used COR theory as the framework to explore the reflection of loss of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological distress and resilience, in an adult Jewish Israeli population.Methods: We examined the association between background variables, stress, loneliness, concern, COVID-19-related post traumatic symptoms (PTS), resilience factors and COR via an online survey among 2,000 adults during April 2020.Results: Positive relationships were identified between resource loss and PTS (r = 0.66, p &lt; 0.01), and between resource gain and resilience (r = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01). Psychological variables were significantly associated with PTS and explained 62.7% of the variance, F (20, 1,413) = 118.58, p &lt; 0.001.Conclusion: Loss of resources, stress, loneliness and concern were found to be risk factors for distress and PTS, whereas resilience factors played a protective role. We thus recommend using the COR theory to explore COVID-19 effects elsewhere.
From Public Health Policy to Impact for COVID-19: A Multi-Country Case Study in Switzerland, Spain, Iran and Pakistan
Authors: Tavakkoli Maryam , Karim Aliya , Fischer Fabienne Beatrice , Monzon Llamas Laura , Raoofi Azam , Zafar Shamsa , Sant Fruchtman Carmen , de Savigny Don , Takian Amirhossein , Antillon Marina , Cobos Muñoz Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: With the application of a systems thinking lens, we aimed to assess the national COVID-19 response across health systems components in Switzerland, Spain, Iran, and Pakistan.Methods: We conducted four case studies on the policy response of national health systems to the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Selected countries include different health system typologies. We collected data prospectively for the period of January–July 2020 on 17 measures of the COVID-19 response recommended by the WHO that encompassed all health systems domains (governance, financing, health workforce, information, medicine and technology and service delivery). We further monitored contextual factors influencing their adoption or deployment.Results: The policies enacted coincided with a decrease in the COVID-19 transmission. However, there was inadequate communication and a perception that the measures were adverse to the economy, weakening political support for their continuation and leading to a rapid resurgence in transmission.Conclusion: Social pressure, religious beliefs, governance structure and level of administrative decentralization or global economic sanctions played a major role in how countries’ health systems could respond to the pandemic.
The Impact of Listening to, Reciting, or Memorizing the Quran on Physical and Mental Health of Muslims: Evidence From Systematic Review
Authors: Che Wan Mohd Rozali Wan Nor Atikah , Ishak Ismarulyusda , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Ibrahim Farah Wahida , Abd Warif Nor Malia , Che Roos Nur Aishah 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Listening to or memorizing the Quran has been suggested to affect the psychosocial health and well-being of Muslims. Muslims who memorized Quran have a higher quality of life (QoL) and lower anxiety and stress. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the studies that assessed the effect of listening to, reciting, or memorizing the Quran on physical and mental health.Methods: This review was performed on articles published from the inception and April 2021. Databases including ProQuest, PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 19 April 2021. Keywords such as “Quran”, “al- Quran,” “al- Kareem,” “Holy Quran,” “memori,” “Tahfiz,” “Huffaz,” “listening” and “reciting” were used for databases searching. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Only 20 articles were included in data synthesis out of a total of 230.Results: The findings revealed that listening to, reciting or memorizing the Quran had a favorable effect on depression, anxiety, physiologic parameters, quality of life, quality of sleep and intelligence quotient.Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that, listening to, reciting or memorizing the Quran may be useful as an intervention to improve physical and mental health.
Aloe vera Rind Valorization to Improve the Swelling Capacity of Commercial Acrylic Hydrogels
Authors: Guancha-Chalapud Marcelo A. , Serna-Cock Liliana , Tirado Diego F. 
Published: August 2022

Acrylic hydrogels have been used in agriculture to increase the availability of water in the soil; cause faster plant growth and increase plant survival to water stress; allow controlled release of fertilizers; and, therefore, increase crop yields. On the other hand, Aloe vera gel production generates a large amount of solid waste as cuticles, which is currently underutilized despite that it is a good source of cellulose nanofibers that could be used to improve the swelling capacity of commercial acrylic hydrogels. In this work, both morphology (SEM) and particle size (TEM) of the cellulose nanofibers obtained from A. vera cuticles by the acid hydrolysis method combined with ultrasound were analyzed; as well as the presence of functional groups (FITR) and thermal stability (TGA). Then, acrylic hydrogels were synthesized by the solution polymerization method, and nanofibers were added to these hydrogels at different concentrations (0% w w−1, 3% w w−1, 5% w w−1, and 10% w w−1). These concentrations had a nonlinear relationship with the swelling capacity, and the hydrogel reinforced at 3% cellulose nanofiber was chosen as the best formulation in this work, as this one improved the swelling capacity of hydrogels at equilibrium (476 g H2O g hydrogel−1) compared to the hydrogel without nanofiber (310 g H2O g hydrogel−1), while hydrogels with 10% nanofiber had a similar swelling capacity to the non-reinforced hydrogel (295 H2O g hydrogel−1). Therefore, cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels with potential application in agriculture were developed in this work.
Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and Trichoderma Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of Astragalus mongholicus under Drought Stress
Authors: Li Min , Ren Yanfang , He Chao , Yao Jiaojie , Wei Miao , He Xueli 
Published: August 2022

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting plant growth and production, while utilizing beneficial endophytic fungi is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing plant growth and drought tolerance. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of dark septate endophyte (DSE) (Macrophomina pseudophaseolina, Paraphoma radicina) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma afroharzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum) inoculum on Astragalus mongholicus grown in sterile soil under drought stress, alone, or in combination. The addition of Trichoderma enhanced the DSE colonization in roots regardless of the water condition. Under well-watered conditions, M. pseudophaseolina inoculation significantly enhanced the biomass and root length of A. mongholicus. The two DSE and Trichoderma inoculum significantly improved calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content. However, M. pseudophaseolina + T. afroharzianum inoculation better promoted root growth, whereas co-inoculation had higher active ingredient contents compared with single inoculation, except for P. radicina + T. afroharzianum. Under drought stress, DSE and Trichoderma inoculum significantly improved root biomass, root length, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content, and activities of nitrate reductase and soil urease. P. radicina + T. afroharzianum and P. radicina + T. longibrachiatum better increased root length, and all combinations of DSE and Trichoderma had a greater impact on the increase in formononetin content compared with the single treatments. Additionally, Trichoderma relies on antioxidant enzymes, growth hormones, and the redox system (ascorbic acid–glutathione) to resist drought, while DSE strains have an additional osmotic regulation system in addition to the drought resistance function possessed by Trichoderma, and the effect of co-inoculation (especially M. pseudophaseolina + T. longibrachiatum and P. radicina + T. afroharzianum) on plant physiological parameters was greater than that of single inoculation. This study provides a new research direction for the effects of DSE and Trichoderma on medicinal plant cultivated in dryland.
Novel Experimental In-Office Bleaching Gels Containing Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kury Matheus , Hiers Rochelle D. , Zhao Yan D. , Picolo Mayara Z. D. , Hsieh Jessica , Khajotia Sharukh S. , Esteban Florez Fernando L. , Cavalli Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

The present study reports on the development and testing of novel bleaching agents containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles (NP; 0%, 5%, 10% v/w) and hydrogen peroxide (HP, 0%, 6%, 15%, and 35%). Bovine blocks (n = 200, A = 36 mm2) were obtained and randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 10/group). NPs were incorporated into gels before bleaching (3 sessions, 7 days apart, 30 min/session, irradiated with violet light-LT). Color changes (ΔE00, ΔWID), mineral content (CO32−, PO43−), and topography were assessed (spectrophotometer, ATR-FTIR, and AFM) before and after bleaching procedures (14 days). Metabolic status and three-dimensional components of non-disrupted Streptococcus mutans biofilms were investigated using a multimode reader and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that ΔE00 and ΔWID significantly increased with NPs’ concentrations and LT. The enamel’s mineral ratio was adversely impacted by HP, but alterations were less pronounced when using NP-containing gels. The enamel’s topography was not damaged by the bleaching protocols tested. The bioluminescence results show that bleaching protocols do not render latent antibacterial properties to enamel, and the confocal microscopy results demonstrate that the 3-dimensional distribution of the components was affected by the protocols. The proposed nanotechnology improved the bleaching efficacy of experimental materials independent of hydrogen peroxide or irradiation and did not adversely impact the enamel’s surface properties or its chemical content.
QUANTITATIVE AND BREED COMPOSITION OF RUSSIAN CATTLE
Authors: ЧИНАРОВ В.И. 
Published: August 2022

Игнорирование абсолютного конкурентного преимущества отечественного скотоводства — многопородности и принятие в качестве основного селекционного признака продуктивности привело к импортозависимости и стагнации молочного скотоводства в РФ, к замедлению темпов генетического улучшения пород и снижению эффективности племенного дела. Изменение численности пород в стране требует пересмотра темпов развития племенной базы, так как нарастает опасность образования существенных диспропорций между числом племенных животных и общим поголовьем породы. Породы, наиболее быстрыми темпами увеличивающие свою численность, оказались в неблагоприятном положении, что существенно повлияло на снижение темпов их разведения. Поэтому ближайшей задачей научно-исследовательских учреждений по животноводству являются обобщение и строгий научный анализ происходящих процессов изменения породного состава, обоснование правильной стратегии размещения пород на перспективу и создание проекта породного районирования крупного рогатого скота в стране. Уже сейчас необходимо принять меры к ограничению необоснованной «голштинизации» скота на основе детально разработанных планов породного районирования с учетом основных принципов крупномасштабной селекции.
Ignoring the absolute competitive advantage of domestic cattle breeding — multiplicity and acceptance of “productivity” as the main breeding feature, led to import dependence and stagnation at Russian dairy cattle breeding, to slowdown in the rate of breeds genetic improvement and to decreasing of breeding efficiency. The changes in number of breeds requires a revision for the growth rate of breeding base, as the danger of significant disproportions between the number of breeding animals and the total livestock is increasing. The breeds, which are increasing their numbers at the fastest pace, now are in an unfavorable position with significant decreasing of their genetic improvement rate. Therefore, the immediate aim for research institutions at animal husbandry is to generalize and strictly analyze the ongoing processes of the breed composition changes and to substantiate the correct strategy for the breeds placement on prospect and to create the draft plan for cattle breeds zoning at the country. Now it is necessary to take measures to limit the unjustified " holsteinization" of cattle on the basis of detailed plans for breeds zoning, taking into account the basic principles of "large-scale livestock breeding".
The Relationship between Major Depression and Perceptions of Organizational Justice
Authors: Baher Nisreen , Alkhadher Othman 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study is to examine the idea that depressed and non-depressed employees hold different perceptions regarding the justice of their organizations, and that depressed employees are more sensitive to unfairness than fairness. The study used comparative design. All participants were employees participated voluntarily in this study. They were divided evenly into two groups, diagnosed depression outpatients (n = 60) referred by their physician in one of Kuwaiti mental health center, and nondepressed participants (n = 60) visited during their work period. Both sexes were distributed evenly within these two groups. The participants completed three measures: organizational justice, organizational injustice, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Using justice and injustice measures with depressed and non-depressed employees is a new approach that could clarify the role of depression in the perception of the organizational justice. The results shows that the differences between the two groups in all justice and injustice subscales are significant at .001. The depressed group had higher injustice means; and the non-depressed group had higher justice means. The two groups separately do differentiate between justice and injustice events, especially for non-depressed group where injustice means tend to be significantly higher than the justice mean. The study concluded that the emotional state of the depressed patient might affect how he/she perceive justice and injustice events, but the opposite remains possible. Individuals estimate injustice events more than counterpart justice events, regardless of depression.