bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proactive discontinuation of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after urethroplasty
Authors: Hanasaki Takeshi , Kanematsu Akihiro , Yamamoto Shingo 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the clinical significance of an antimicrobial administration protocol, in which postoperative prophylaxis was proactively discontinued.MethodsWe included 81 adult urethroplasties performed at our institution in the study. Preoperative bacteriuria was treated using an appropriate antimicrobial agent 2–5 days before surgery. All patients were treated with intravenous antimicrobial agents until postoperative day 2, and thereafter without prophylaxis. Antibiotics were resumed from the day before the urethrogram for urethral catheter removal, 2–3 weeks postoperatively. The relationships between pre‐ and postoperative positive urine culture and postoperative infectious complications, along with factors influencing surgical success rate were examined retrospectively.ResultsOf the 81 patients, 60 underwent anastomotic repair and 21 underwent substitution repair. Positive preoperative urine cultures were more frequent in patients having suprapubic cystostomy tube than in those without (P < 0.0001), but such a difference was not noted postoperatively between the two groups, and approximately half of the patients had a positive urine culture postoperatively. Wound infections and symptomatic urinary tract infections rates were 3.7% and 2.5%, respectively, similar to previous studies with longer prophylaxis, and no significant correlation was noted with pre‐ and postoperative positive urine culture, treated by this antibiotic protocol. The overall clinical and objective success rates were 96.3% and 79.0%, respectively, and no significant impact of pre‐ or postoperative positive urine culture was noted. The only significant parameter for objective success was patient age.ConclusionPerioperative management of urethroplasty is feasible using the antimicrobial protocol described in this study.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission‐based precautions on inpatient management of general medical patients
Authors: Stratton Hayley , Buntine Paul , Ng Reginald Bo Ren , Fu Joy Jiayu , Joshi Neetima , Yip Gary , Guy Stephen , Chean Roy , Newnham Evan , Lau Jillian S. Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis audit reviewed the impact on access to routine medical care and adverse outcomes in patients with suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 infection managed on a ‘COVID‐19’ (CV) ward compared with a general medicine ward at Box Hill Hospital, Victoria. Data were collected at two time points to capture changes associated with onsite testing. We found no healthcare delays from admission to CV wards and observed faster exits from CV wards with improved testing efficiency. This critical finding is relevant as Victoria manages a third wave of infections.
Layers, broiler chickens and their F1 cross develop distinctly different caecal microbial communities when hatched and reared together
Authors: Willson Nicky-Lee , Hughes Robert J. , Hynd Philip I. , Forder Rebecca E. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the caecal microbiota of layer, broiler, and intermediate F1 layer × broiler cross birds with the hypothesis that significant differences in caecal microbial composition would persist between the three groups when host and environmental interactions were minimized.Methods and ResultsCaecal contents were characterized using 16S rRNA for males of broiler (n = 12), layer (n = 12) and F1 layer × broiler cross (n = 9) birds that were hatched and reared under the same conditions. The microbial community structure differed significantly between the three groups of birds at phylum, genus and OTU levels, with clear separation of the groups observed. Firmicutes was the phylum most represented across samples; however, the high abundance of Proteobacteria in the layer birds at d28 post-hatch was unexpected, and driven by a higher abundance of E. coli.ConclusionsThe microbiota phylotype between broilers, layers and their F1 cross significantly differed in community structure, diversity and relative abundance in the absence of environmental confounding, which is generally difficult to avoid in microbial studies.Significance and Impact of StudyThe results provide a unique comparison and evidence that there is a strong genetic component driving microbial composition within poultry strains, despite the embryonic development occurring in ovo.
Stereotype content of occupational groups in Germany
Authors: Friehs Maria‐Therese , Aparicio Lukassowitz Felicia , Wagner Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe stereotype content model (SCM) is a prominent model of social perception proposing two dimensions of evaluation: Warmth and competence. Occupational stereotypes have rarely been assessed in this model, especially in the German context, albeit their important impact on how individuals experience gainful occupation and navigate everyday social interactions. Responding to recent methodological critiques regarding the SCM's scale performance, we developed a context‐adapted, well‐performing German‐language SCM scale and assessed warmth and competence ratings of 13 occupational groups in a heterogeneous sample (N = 425). Using the alignment optimization procedure to allow for more reliable latent mean value comparisons, we found occupational stereotypes to differ substantially on both dimensions, with Firefighters presenting the most favorable and Politicians and Unemployed people showing the least favorable evaluations. We discuss our findings in terms of their content‐wise and methodological meaning as well as their implications for research and in occupational contexts.
Cardioneuroablation for vasovagal syncope and atrioventricular block: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Gupta Dhiraj , D'Avila Andre , Morillo Carlos A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatheter‐based cardioneuroablation is increasingly being utilized to improve outcomes in patients with vasovagal syncope and atrioventricular block due to vagal hyperactivity. There is now increasing convergence among enthusiasts on its various aspects, including patient selection, technical steps, and procedural end‐points. This pragmatic review aims to take the reader through a step‐by‐step approach to cardioneuroablation: we begin with a brief overview of the anatomy of intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system, before focusing on the indications, preprocedure and postprocedure management, necessary equipment, and its potential limitations.
Longitudinal QTc stability and impact of baseline cardiac rhythm on discharge dose in dofetilide‐treated patients
Authors: Khan Zeryab A. , LaBreck Megan E. , Luli Jordan , Roberts Chelsea , Smith Alexander , El‐Zein Rayan , Tyler Jaret D. , Fu Eugene Y. , Billakanty Sreedhar R. , Amin Anish K. , Chopra Nagesh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDofetilide suppresses atrial fibrillation (AF) in a dose‐dependent fashion. The protective effect of AF against QTc prolongation induced torsades de pointe and transient post‐cardioversion QTc prolongation may result in dofetilide under‐dosing during initiation. Thus, the optimal timing of cardioversion for AF patients undergoing dofetilide initiation to optimize discharge dose remains unknown as does the longitudinal stability of QTc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of baseline rhythm on dofetilide dosing during initiation and assess the longitudinal stability of QTc‐all (Bazzett, Fridericia, Framingham, and Hodges) over time.MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent preplanned dofetilide loading at a tertiary care center between January 2016 and 2019 were reviewed.ResultsA total of 198 patients (66 ± 10 years, 32% female, CHADS2‐Vasc 3 [2–4]) presented for dofetilide loading in either AF (59%) or sinus rhythm (SR) (41%). Neither presenting rhythm, nor spontaneous conversion to SR impacted discharge dose. The cumulative dofetilide dose before cardioversion moderately correlated (r = .36; p = .0001) with discharge dose. Postcardioversion QTc‐all prolongation (p < .0001) prompted discharge dose reduction (890 ± 224 mcg vs. 552 ± 199 mcg; p < .0001) in 30% patients. QTc‐all in SR prolonged significantly during loading (p < .0001). All patients displayed QTc‐all reduction (p < .0001) from discharge to short‐term (46 [34–65] days) that continued at long‐term (360 [296–414] days) follow‐ups. The extent of QTc‐all reduction over time moderately correlated with discharge QTc‐all (r = .54–0.65; p < .0001).ConclusionDofetilide initiation before cardioversion is equivalent to initiation during SR. Significant QTc reduction proportional to discharge QTc is seen over time in all dofetilide‐treated patients. QTc returns to preloading baseline during follow‐up in patients initiated in SR.
Effects of combined high pressure and temperature on solubility, foaming, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin
Authors: Xie Jing‐Jie , Li Yan‐Ping , Qu Xiao‐Qing , Kang Zhuang‐Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of combined high pressure (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) and temperature (25 and 50°C) on the solubility, aggregation, conformation, foaming, emulsifying capacity, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin. The foaming stability, particle size, free sulfhydryl groups content, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, and shear stress of soy 11S globulin were decreased significantly (p ≤ .05) compared with that of 0.1 MPa‐treated sample, but the solubility, surface hydrophobicity, foaming capacity, and apparent viscosity were increased significantly (p ≤ .05), except the sample treated at 400 MPa and 50 ± 2°C. The solubility, surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl groups content of soy 11S globulin decreased significantly (p ≤ .05) with increasing pressure and temperature, which caused the decrease of the foaming capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, shear stress, and apparent viscosity. Overall, the use of high‐pressure and thermal treatments combined could change the foaming, emulsifying, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin through the increase/decrease of protein solubility, aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and free sulfhydryl groups content.Practical applicationsThis study provides a method of high‐pressure and thermal treatments combined, which can change the solubility, foaming, and rheological properties soy 11S globulin, and its use should be expanded in food processing.
Unusual suspects: Glial cells in fertility regulation and their suspected role in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Desroziers Elodie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing‐hormone (GnRH) neurons sitting within the hypothalamus control the production of gametes and sex steroids by the gonads, therefore ensuring survival of species. As orchestrators of reproductive function, GnRH neurons integrate information from external and internal cues. This occurs through an extensively studied neuronal network known as the “GnRH neuronal network.” However, the brain is not simply composed of neurons. Evidence suggests a role for glial cells in controlling GnRH neuron activity, secretion and fertility outcomes, although numerous questions remain. Glial cells have historically been seen as support cells for neurons. This idea has been challenged by the discovery that some neurological diseases originate from glial dysfunction. The prevalence of infertility disorders is increasing worldwide, with one in four couples being affected; therefore, it remains essential to understand the mechanisms by which the brain controls fertility. The “GnRH glial network” could be a major player in infertility disorders and represent a potential therapeutic target. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common infertility disorder of reproductive aged women worldwide, the brain is considered a prime suspect. Recent studies have demonstrated pathological neuronal wiring of the “GnRH neuronal network” in PCOS‐like animal models. However, the role of the “GnRH glial network” remains to be elucidated. In this review, I aim to propose glial cells as unusual suspects in infertility disorders such as PCOS. In the first part, I state our current knowledge about the role of glia in the regulation of GnRH neurons and fertility. In the second part, based on our recent findings, I discuss how glial cells could be implicated in PCOS pathology.
Connecting locally: An examination of the role of service providers in supporting the social inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in their neighbourhoods
Authors: Boland Geraldine , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArticle 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities calls for all people with disabilities to live independently and be included in their community. Adults with intellectual disabilities may live in neighbourhoods, but often have limited experience of social connectedness. This study aimed to examine the role of service provider organisations in supporting social inclusion in neighbourhoods of adults with intellectual disabilities. The understanding of social inclusion locally for adults with intellectual disabilities was explored and whether organisational policies (if any) had been drawn up to guide the support actions of staff. A mixed methods design was employed, with CEOs/service leaders of 40 service provider organisations completing an online survey. Follow‐up telephone interviews were completed with a randomised sample. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Service leaders understood social inclusion to encompass purposeful engagement that moved beyond mere physical presence. Individuals having a sense of connection to place and belonging to people who live locally included fostering mutually supportive connections with neighbours. Equality of access to local services and supports were underscored. Active citizenship and service provider/staff supports for a socially included life were highlighted. Almost all service leaders rated the role of service providers at organisational/strategic level as important. However, their values and beliefs revealed contrasting views on the appropriate level of visibility of service providers when supporting individuals. Close to two‐thirds of service providers did not have an organisational policy regarding social inclusion in neighbourhoods. Developing specific service policies on social inclusion in neighbourhoods, based on the UNCRPD, and reflecting relevant national disability policies is proposed. This may enhance strategic planning and service providers decision‐making on targeted resource allocation. Further implications for policy, practice and research arising from this study are discussed.
The associations of parental COVID‐19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia with child insomnia during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Zhan Nalan , Zhang Yeqing , Xie Dongjie , Geng Fulei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on sleep health have been studied extensively. However, little is known about sleep problems within the family system during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on insomnia in both adults and children, and to explore whether parental COVID‐19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia were associated with child insomnia. A total of 1355 parent–child dyads (39.2% fathers, mean age 38.37 years, SD = 5.34; 52.7% boys, mean age 12.47 years, SD = 1.67) were recruited from Jiangxi province in China from 4 to 18 February 2020. Data on insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were collected using online questionnaires. Path analysis showed that COVID‐19 related worries and screen time were positively associated with insomnia in both parents and children; while children's physical activity was negatively related to children's insomnia. Parents' insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were positively associated with children's insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time, respectively. Bootstrap tests showed that parents' worries were positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's worries; parents' physical activity was negatively associated with children's insomnia via children's physical activity, parents' screen time was positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's screen time. Both parental and child sleep are affected by the pandemic. Parental insomnia, stress reaction, and lifestyles contribute to child insomnia. Child sleep health may be maintained or improved by family bonds, home exercise, and sleep schedules.
The Nash bargaining solution in labor market analysis
Authors: Skillman Gilbert L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo alternative strategic foundations have been identified for applications of the Nash bargaining solution in economic modelling. However, neither interpretation is consistent with treating “threat point” or disagreement payoffs as individual outside options, a salient feature of bargaining relationships in most labor market settings. This paper uses a matching and strategic bargaining model to examine the determination of bargaining power weights and threat points in the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution. The key result establishes a strategic foundation for applying this solution to market settings with endogenously determined outside options, and shows that bargaining weights depend on outside market conditions only when the matching prospects of one side of the market or the other are relatively high.
Nuclear envelope myopathy
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNuclear envelope (NE) is a term of the structure surrounding each nucleus of the cell and has many important functions including maintaining chromatin organization. Mutations in the genes encoding NE proteins are known to cause several diseases including myopathies. The age at onset and clinical features of NE myopathy are quite variable, but careful management of associated cardiac symptoms including lethal arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy is critical for the prognosis. In this review, clinical characteristics of NE myopathies together with recent advances of their management is described.
Obesity‐related glomerulopathy: Current approaches and future perspectives
Authors: Martínez‐Montoro José Ignacio , Morales Enrique , Cornejo‐Pareja Isabel , Tinahones Francisco J. , Fernández‐García José Carlos 
Published: April 2022

SummaryObesity‐related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a silent comorbidity which is increasing in incidence as the obesity epidemic escalates. ORG is associated with serious health consequences including chronic kidney disease, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and increased mortality. Although the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of ORG are not fully understood, glomerular hemodynamic changes, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivation, insulin‐resistance, inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation seem to play a major role. Despite albuminuria being commonly used for the non‐invasive evaluation of ORG, promising biomarkers of early kidney injury that are emerging, as well as new approaches with proteomics and metabolomics, might permit an earlier diagnosis of this disease. In addition, the assessment of ectopic kidney fat by renal imaging could be a useful tool to detect and evaluate the progression of ORG. Weight loss interventions appear to be effective in ORG, although large‐scale trials are needed. RAAS blockade has a renoprotective effect in patients with ORG, but even so, a significant proportion of patients with ORG will eventually progress to ESRD despite therapeutic efforts. It is noteworthy that certain antidiabetic agents such as sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) could be useful in the treatment of ORG through different pleiotropic effects. In this article, we review current approaches and future perspectives in the care and treatment of ORG.
Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Impacted Third Molar Tooth into Neuron‐like Cells
Authors: Mohammadi Farnoush , Bahrami Naghmeh , Nazariyan Mahya , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Hakimiha Neda , Nazariyan Abolfazl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve damages are among the most important consequences of dental and maxillofacial procedures. Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising method to manage such injuries. Moreover, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can enhance this treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of PBMT on differentiation of MSCs derived from dental follicle (DF) into neurons. MSCs were isolated from an impacted tooth follicle by digestion method. The stem cells were cultured, and differentiated into neurons. The cells received two sessions of PBMT with 810 or 980 nm diode laser (100 mW, 4 J cm−2) in either DMEM or neural inductive medium. Phenotypic characterization of the cells was determined using flow cytometry. In addition, β‐tubulin and MAP2 genes expression level changes were analyzed using RT‐PCR and western blot technique. After 14 days, flow cytometry analysis confirmed the mesenchymal nature of cells. RT‐PCR and western blot affirmed the expression of β‐tubulin and MAP2 genes and proteins respectively. PBMT with both wavelengths significantly increased β‐tubulin and MAP2 expression in neural inductive medium with highest expression mean in 980 nm group. PBMT with 810 and 980 nm lasers could be a promising adjunctive method in differentiation of DF‐originated MSCs into neural cells.
Elucidating connections between the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid production and root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Richmond Bethany L. , Coelho Chloe L. , Wilkinson Helen , McKenna Joseph , Ratchinski Pélagie , Schwarze Maximillian , Frost Matthew , Lagunas Beatriz , Gifford Miriam L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) are the most recently discovered phytohormones, and their roles in root architecture and metabolism are not fully understood. Here, we investigated four MORE AXILLARY GROWTH (MAX) SL mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, max3‐9, max4‐1, max1‐1 and max2‐1, as well as the SL receptor mutant d14‐1 and karrikin receptor mutant kai2‐2. By characterising max2‐1 and max4‐1, we found that variation in SL biosynthesis modified multiple metabolic pathways in root tissue, including that of xyloglucan, triterpenoids, fatty acids and flavonoids. The transcription of key flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including TRANSPARENT TESTA4 (TT4) and TRANSPARENT TESTA5 (TT5) was downregulated in max2 roots and seedlings, indicating that the proposed MAX2 regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis has a widespread effect. We found an enrichment of BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) targets amongst genes specifically altered in the max2 mutant, reflecting that the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis likely occurs through the MAX2 degradation of BES1, a key brassinosteroid‐related transcription factor. Finally, flavonoid accumulation decreased in max2‐1 roots, supporting a role for MAX2 in regulating both SL and flavonoid biosynthesis.