bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivar Variation in Fruit Set and Number of Flowers per Cluster in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Lyrene P. M. , Goldy R. G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eleven cultivars of Vaccinium ashei Reade in a 10-year-old planting were compared for number of flowers per inflorescence and for percentage of the flowers that set fruit on bagged and open-pollinated branches. Mean flower number per cluster ranged from 7.6 for ‘Bluegem’ to 5.3 for Florida-M. Mean percentage of fruit set on open-pollinated branches ranged from 75% for ‘Southland’ to 36% for ‘Tifblue’. On branches bagged to exclude bees, the range was from 21% for ‘Beckyblue’ to 3% for Tifblue.
Effects of Chilling on Respiration and Ethylene Production of ‘Hass’ Avocado Fruit at 20°C
Authors: Eaks Irving L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of chilling ‘Hass’ avocado fruit at 0° or 5°C on the respiratory rates, rates of ethylene production, ripening, and chilling injury symptoms at 20° were compared with the same responses of fruit exposed to a nonchilling temperature (10°) and fruit placed directly at 20°. Fruit held at 10° for 2 weeks were beginning the climacteric and ripened after about 4 days at 20°. Longer exposures at 10° resulted in ripe or overripe fruit. Fruit held for 2 weeks at 0° or 5° displayed normal climacteric patterns and ethylene production at 20°, and developed no significant chilling injury symptoms. Exposures of 4 and 6 weeks at 0° or 5° resulted in the development of chilling injury symptoms, abnormal ripening, atypical respiratory rate patterns, and reduced ethylene production rates which peaked after 2 days at 20° and showed a declining rate thereafter, with no increase in the rate of ethylene production associated with fruit softening.
Viability, Vigor, and Electrolytic Leakage of Muskmelon Seeds Subjected to Accelerated Aging
Authors: Pesis Edna , Ng Timothy J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of 2 cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were subjected to accelerated aging at 45°C and 100% relative humidity (RH) for periods up to 288 hours. In general, longer periods of aging resulted in greater declines in seed quality as measured by laboratory, greenhouse, and field emergence and germination. Seeds of ‘Iroquois’ were more sensitive to aging than ‘Hale’s Best #36’. Significant declines in germination occurred prior to any significant increases in electrolytic leakage from decorticated seeds indicating that electrolytic leakage is not a suitable test for seed quality with muskmelon.
‘Resisto’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. , Schalk J. M. , Hamilton M. G. , Mullen M. A. , Baumgardner R. A. , Paterson D. R. , Boswell T. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ‘Resisto’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam.] developed jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, combines high yield and excellent baking and canning quality with resistances to disease and insect pests not available in present cultivars.
Red Raspberry Breeding In British Columbia
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Southwestern British Columbia, specifically the Lower Fraser Valley, is one of the world's leading producers of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). About 2500 hectares produce the highest yields per unit area of any region in the world today. Production has increased in recent years because of the demands for red raspberry-derived products such as jam, yogurt, and juice as well as increased demand for fresh market berries.
The Effects of Three Analytical Systems on the Interpretation of Nutrient “Availability” in Pine Bark Growing Media
Authors: Wilkerson D. C. , O’Rourke E. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An amended pine bark growing medium was extracted for varying lengths of time using modified Spurway, Louisiana State Univ. (LSU), and double acid analytical systems. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg were then determined in the filtrate. As the extraction time was lengthened, the quantity of P, K, Ca, and Mg removed from the medium increased for each system. The concentration and type of nutrients removed varied according to the composition and action of the extractant.
In Vitro Propagation of Lythrum virgatum
Authors: Heuser Charles W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture propagation of Lythrum virgatum L. cv. Morden Pink was achieved from shoot tips using a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) high salts medium. 6-Benzylamino purine (BA) at 3.0 mg/liter and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.1 mg/liter were optimal for shoot production. Proliferated shoots rooted and established 96% in a soilless medium under high humidity.
In Vitro Propagation of Nandina domestica
Authors: Smith Roberta H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lateral and terminal buds from Nandina domestica Thunb. ‘Purpurea’ (dwarf nandina) developed into shoots on a basal medium (Gamborg’s B5 modified salts, sucrose, activated charcoal, and agar) supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Shoot multiplication rates of 4–5 per 6–8 weeks could be obtained by transfer to the same medium without charcoal. Shoots were rooted by transfer onto a 1/3-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing activated charcoal. Rooted plants were successfully established in a sphagnum peatmoss–perlite mix.
Regeneration of Plants from Cell Suspensions of Lactuca saligna, Lactuca sativa, and Lactuca serriola
Authors: Alconero R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Black Seeded Simpson’, ‘Buttercrunch’, and ‘New York 12’ lettuce.(Lactuca sativa L.), Plant Introductions (PI) 261653 of Lactuca saligna L., and Acc. No. 500–4 of L. serriola L. regenerated plants from cell suspensions originated from leaf callus. Liquid cultures of these Lactuca spp. in either B5 or Murashige and Skoog (MS) basic medium amended with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) developed roots, shoots, and complete plants when transferred to agar plates of B5 with several concentrations of BA under 16 hr of fluorescent illumination. Shoots were induced to produce a root system when cultured in B5 agar medium amended with NAA. Variation in response between cultivars and between species was observed, with L. serriola and ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ responding best to treatments.
In Vitro Shoot-tip Grafting to Eliminate Citrus Viruses and Virus-like Pathogens Produces Uniform Budlines
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Roistacher C. N. , Carson T. L. , Murashige T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Individual shoot-tip-grafted budlines of ‘Willowleaf mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and ‘Temple’ tangor [C. reticulata × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were grown to fruiting for evaluation. Fruits of both cultivars were highly uniform among shoot-tip cultures, indicating that this technique for producing disease-free citrus germplasm is reliable and does not increase the production of variant budlines.
Cultivar Variation in Yield Components of Strawberries
Authors: Hancock J. F. , Siefker J. H. , Schulte N. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Differences were observed both within and between strawberry cultivars in the relative importance of yield components. Most cultivars had high coefficients among yield, crown density at harvest, and fruit number/crown, but there was variation among cultivars in the coefficients between yield and fruit weight.
The Effect of Artificial Shading on Cold Hardiness of Peach and Sour Cherry
Authors: Flore J. A. , Howell G. S. , Sams C. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shade treatments giving 36% full sun or less reduced both hardiness and shoot cross-sectional area of one-year-old sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven]. Shade significantly reduced soluble carbohydrate in ‘Redhaven’.
Air Rooting of Peach Semihardwood Cuttings
Authors: Coston D. C. , Krewer G. W. , Owings R. C. , Denny E. G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Semihardwood peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cuttings were successfully rooted when the bases and tops were misted intermittently with water. Rooting was not affected by cultivar or type of cutting (basal vs. terminal). Closer proximity of the bases of the cuttings to the mist line and overhead misting improved rooting percentage.
Hoeing and Hand-held Wiper Application of Glyphosate for Weed Control in Vegetables
Authors: Harrison Howard F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hoeing and glyphosate (N-(phosphomomethyl)glycine) application with a hand-held wiper were compared for weed control in mixed vegetable plantings. Weed control with wiper-applied glyphosate required significantly less labor and expense than hoeing. Vegetable yields were similar in hoed and wiper-weeded plots and both methods increased the yields of some vegetable species over yields from unweeded plots. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) shoot populations were reduced significantly by wiper weeding but not by hoeing.
Phloem Development in Sweet Potato Cultivars
Authors: De Calderon Celmira , Acock Mary , Garner J. O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phloem cross-sectional areas (PCSA) in main stems and storage root stalks were determined for 3 cultivars of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] for 98 days, starting 14 days after transplanting at 10-day intervals. As the number of storage roots increased, the total amount of phloem in the storage root stalks available for translocation was greater than that in the main stem. For the last 3 harvest periods, ‘Jasper’ was the only cultivar with less phloem in the storage root stalks than in the main stem. The correlation between PCSA of the storage root stalks and storage root weight was nonsignificant for ‘Jasper’ and ‘ Porto Rico’ but significant for ‘Centennial’, which suggested that the amount of phloem tissue is not critical for storage root development.
Screening for Chilling Resistance in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Patterson Brian D. , Payne Linda A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of a high-altitude form of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. were able to develop the first true leaf when grown at a night temperature of 0°C (16 hours) and a day temperature of 20° (8 hours). Cultivars of L. esculentum Mill, developed poorly or not at all beyond the cotyledon stage under these conditions. The species were crossed and some selections from the second backcross to L. esculentum also were able to develop first true leaves when exposed to the low night temperatures. These gave progeny which approached or equalled the performance of the wild species, indicating that this cold resistance can be transferred from L. hirsutum to L. esculentum using low night temperature as a nondestructive screening technique.
Parthenocarpy in Gynoecious Cucumber as Affected by Chlorflurenol, Genetical Parthenocarpy, and Night Temperatures
Authors: Dean Bill B. , Baker L. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate (chlorflurenol) effectively promoted parthenocarpic fruit development in gynoecious pickling cucumbers, Cucumis sativus L. Treatment with chlorflurenol increased yields of fruits under both greenhouse and open-field conditions. Yields were dependent on the degree of genetic parthenocarpy for each cultivar. Parthenocarpic yields following chlorflurenol treatment were higher with night temperatures of 16° and 21°C than with 27°.
Rooting of Poinsettia Cuttings Treated with Various Fungicides in IBA-Talc Powder
Authors: Lee Leland W. , Sanderson Kenneth C. , Williams John C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) treated with a basal dip of 0.1% indolebutyric acid (IBA) alone (control) or in combination with 5% ferbam (ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate), benomyl [methyl 1-(butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimida-zole-carbamate], metalaxyl [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester], PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene), and ethazol (5-ethoxy-3-tricloromethyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole) did not differ in rooting index or weight. Increasing the percentage of fungicide above 5% generally reduced rooting. However, rooting was similar to the control with combinations of ferbam at 5% to 67% or metalaxyl at 20%. Fenaminosulf (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate) at 5% to 67% reduced rooting.
Growth and Flowering of Exacum affine at Three Radiant Energy Levels
Authors: Williams Sharon , Wolf Susan , Holcomb E. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exacum affine Balb. plants grown at 85, 183, or 345 μE m-2s-1 from fluorescent and incandescent lamps flowered most rapidly at 345 μE m-2s-1. Plants grown at 183 μE m-2s-1 energy level were slower to flower, but plant forms were more acceptable commercially.
Yellow Nutsedge Control in Gladiolus
Authors: Stewart P. A. , Talbert R. E. , Wallinder C. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Preliminary greenhouse and field experiments showed that alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were noninjurious to gladiolus (Gladiolus × hortulanus) and had potential for control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). In subsequent field experiments both herbicides at 2.2 and 4.5 kg a.i./ha preplant-incorporated gave good nutsedge control for 6 weeks. When alachlor and metolachlor at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha preplant-incorporated were repeated at 6 weeks, nutsedge control was extended for longer than 3 months. Little or no injury resulted from either herbicide applied once or repeated. Neither herbicide nor application method affected gladiolus height or flower production.
Flowering of Aglaonema commutatum ‘Treubii’ following Treatment with Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Henny R. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aglaonema commutatum Schott ‘Treubii’ sprayed once with 100, 200, or 400 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3) in December flowered about 143 days after treatment. Significantly more flowers were produced at the 400-mg/liter treatment than at 100 or 200 mg/liter.
Science for Agriculture:Implications for Horticultural Research
Authors: Lyman J. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A little more than a year ago, 15 scientists and policymakers met informally at the Winrock International Conference Center in Arkansas to discuss critical issues in American agricultural research. The participants were drawn from government, academic, and private-sector institutions concerned with agricultural research. The purpose of the meeting was to initiate constructive debate about the problems facing the agricultural sector and its supporting research community and to formulate recommendations toward their resolution. I brought perspectives from horticulture and plant breeding to the meeting; I also helped draft the group’s report, Science for Agriculture, known informally as the “Winrock Report” (1).
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Drake S. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mechanical harvesting of fruits and vegetables has become an economic necessity. Lack of and cost of hand labor is prohibitive in today’s competitive markets. There are many problems besides cost associated with hand-harvesting that have to be dealt with, even if labor is available. Labor unrest and rough handling can be detrimental to a steady flow of produce from the field to the consumer. Harvest mechanization is the primary alternative, thus helping fruit and vegetable growers to cope with labor and other economic concerns. Harvest mechanization of fruits and vegetables has therefore become a major research thrust in many universities.
Influence of Mechanical Harvesting on Citrus Quality: Cannery vs. Fresh Fruit Crops
Authors: Grierson W. , Wilson W. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mechanical harvesting has, of course, long been standard for many annual crops, the “combine harvester” for wheat being an early, and successful, example. In some instances (e.g., tomato, plant breeders have “tailor made” cultivars to adapt them to mechanical harvesting. Typically, such annuals are destroyed in harvesting. The plant must be preserved with perennial crops, although sometimes considerable injury to the plant can be acceptable when (as for grapes or raspberries) the plant is severely pruned annually. Substantial damage to the plant (tree) is not acceptable, in mechanical harvesting of tree crops, but leaf damage is of minor consequence for deciduous tree crops, and the fruit is biologically destined to abscise; if it is not harvested. Damage to the product is not a problem, it will soon fall naturally for some deciduous tree crops (particularly nuts of various kinds). In contrast, mechanical harvesting of citrus fruits involves quite extraordinary problems. The tree is evergreen and substantial leaf damage is not acceptable. The fruit has no clearly defined abscission period. The same grapefruit that might be picked in October can hang on the tree until May. Citrus fruits are extremely subject to decay. ‘Valencia’ (an important cannery orange cultivar) takes 12 to 18 months from bloom to acceptable maturity to complicate matters further. Thus, there are 2 crops on the tree at harvest time; mature fruit that are to be harvested and immature fruit that must not be damaged or removed. It is apparent after 20 years and millions of dollars spent in Florida that the problem (particularly for ‘Valencia’) is as much biological as it is mechanical. The fruit, but not the leaves, must be made to abscise and, for ‘Valencia’, the tree must retain the immature crop while releasing the mature fruit.
Influence of Harvesting Methods on Quality of Deciduous Tree Fruits
Authors: Kader Adel A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quality of deciduous tree fruits is determined by several factors, including appearance (size, shape, color, absence of decay and other defects), texture, flavor, and nutritive value. Harvesting methods, especially those involving a once-over procedure, may determine uniformity of maturity at harvest, which, in turn, influences these quality attributes. Maturity also affects susceptibility of the fruit to water loss and mechanical injury.
Influence of Mechanical Harvesting on Quality of Small Fruits and Grapes
Authors: Morris Justin R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There has been a revolution in recent years in the area of small fruit and grape harvesting. Hand labor has become both scarce and costly, thus invention and development of mechanical harvesters have become important research objectives for research scientists in Land-Grant Institutions, in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in private industry.
Performance and Costs of an Outdoor Propagating Structure Heated with Circulating Groundwater
Authors: Regulski F. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Groundwater (20°C) circulated through in-bed pipes under winter propagation structures maintained root zone temperatures within 1° of the desired temperature of 13° during periods of – 8° ambient air temperature. Structure air temperatures were held 15° warmer than the minimum ambient air temperature. Rhododendron ‘G.G. Gerbing’ cuttings sustained no cold damage in the water-circulated structures but 40–-50% were severely damaged in the structure with no water circulation. Daily heating costs of the groundwater-circulated structure were calculated to be 50% less than an electrically heated structure of equal size. Similarly, the heating cost of a propane-heated fiberglass greenhouse of comparable growing area was 6 times greater than a water-circulated structure. Groundwater-circulated structures performed successfully at a 20° temperature differential such as those which occur in hardiness zone 9 and part of zone 8.
Control of Oxidative Browning and in Vitro Propagation of Strelitzia reginae
Authors: Ziv Meira , Halevy A. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of tissue culture techniques for the propagation of Strelitzia reginae Banks has invariably failed due to oxidative browning of the explants. The brown exudate which diffuses into the medium is detrimental to further development of the in vitro explant, which eventually becomes necrotic and dies. S. reginae competence to respond to in vitro culture is thus dependent on minimizing and slowing down the browning of the explant. Terminal and axillary buds treated with antioxidant solution by total submergence for 24 hours, and cultured on an agar medium with charcoal, or on paper bridges in liquid medium with dithiothreitol, were found to be capable of growth and further shoot proliferation.
Foliar Applications of BA Increase Branching of ‘Welkeri’ Dieffenbachia
Authors: Wilson M. R. , Nell T. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lateral budbreak was increased significantly on ‘Welkeri’ dieffenbachia [Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don] with foliar applications of 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 500,1000, and 2000 mg/liter. Sodium 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(1-methylethylidene)-a-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (dikegulac) at 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/liter and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/liter had no effect on branching. Plant height was unaffected by application of growth regulators although moderate foliar necrosis was caused by the highest rate of BA.
Resistance of Canna Cultivars to Canna Rust and Hippeastrum Mosaic
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Reinert James A. , Donselman Henry M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fifty-two cultivars of cannas (Canna X generalis L.H. Bailey and C. indica L.) were evaluated in a field planting for relative susceptibility to Hippeastrum mosaic (HM), a disease caused by Hippeastrum mosaic virus. The cultivars ‘Mrs. Pierre S. DuPont’ and ‘Pink Gem’ were the most susceptible to HM, while 2 red-leaved cultivars, ‘Wyoming’ and ‘Ambassador’, were highly resistant. Thirty-eight cultivars of cannas grown in containers were evaluated for susceptibility to canna rust (Puccinia thaliae Dietel). The cultivars ‘Halloween’ and ‘Yellow King Humbert’ were highly susceptible to rust, while the most resistant cultivars, ‘Louis Cayeaux’ and ‘La Boheme’, were still moderately susceptible. No single cultivar exhibited good resistance to both HM and rust.
Interactive Effects of Ethylene Concentration and Storage Temperature on Budbreak and Viability of Dormant ‘Viva’ Roses
Authors: Meadows Sylvia E. , Richardson Daryl G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dormant ‘Viva’ rose bushes kept at 0° or 5°C were subjected to 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm ethylene for 4 weeks, then planted in containers and forced in the greenhouse. At planting, ethylene damage was not apparent, except to the plants exposed to the combination of 5° and 1000 ppm ethylene. However, after 5 weeks of growth, there was progressively more cane mortality and less budbreak as ethylene concentrations were increased, with more damage for the 5° than the 0° treatments.
Drip Irrigation and Tomato Yield under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Lin Steve S. M. , Hubbell J. N. , Tsou Samson C. S. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A drip-irrigation study was conducted at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) to determine its effectiveness on yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Four drip-irrigation treatments, with moisture levels maintained above 25, 50, 65, and 80% available water, produced 20% to 40% more marketable yield than the treatment with monthly furrow irrigation, and 80% more than the nonirrigated control. Plots with 25% available water produced fewer nonmarketable fruits with similar yields to other drip-irrigation treatments and required 30% less water than the furrow irrigation control. Electrical conductivity of the root-zone soil extracts was lower for drip-irrigation treatments than for the furrow-irrigated plot. Leaf chloride content during the growing stages was not significantly different among various drip-irrigation treatments but was less than the furrow-irrigation treatment. No differences in fruit quality were measured between treatments.