bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Repair Cost Simulation for RC Structures Repaired With Bacteria Coating Material Under Sulfate Attack
Authors: Yoon Hyun-Sub , Kwon Seung-Jun , Yoon Yong-Sik , Yang Keun-Hyeok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConcrete sewage structures are difficult to maintain since they are constructed under the ground and their surfaces inside are exposed to various deteriorations such as acid and sulfate ingress. In this study, their repair costs were evaluated both deterministically and probabilistically considering the extended service life through repairing of conventional repair mortar and a newly developed bacteria repair material. Unlike the conventional deterministic method, the probabilistic manner evaluates repair cost continuously, taking into account variations in the initial service life and extended service life through repair. For the work, variations in the sulfate ion diffusion coefficient and protection parameters (cover depth and repair layer thickness) were obtained experimentally. Based on the target service life (60 years), the repair cost increased to 123% as the maintenance-free period (MFP) decreased by half, and decreased to 77% as the MFP increased to 1.5 times. As the extended service life through repair decreased by half, the repair cost increased to 180% due to the increasing repair frequency. When the repair-extended service life increased to 1.5 times, the repair cost decreased to 73%. Considering exterior sulfate concentrations (120 and 200 ppm) and entire sewage pipelines (3268 m), the bacteria repair material showed the lowest repair cost (1376 K$ and 1498 K$ with the deterministic and probabilistic method, respectively) since the repair-service life increased from 10.4 to 25.3 years and the number of repairs decreased from 9 to 4 due to the low diffusion coefficient of the bacteria repair material.
Mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Adedire O. , Ndam Joel N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research, a mathematical model consisting of non-pharmaceutical control measures is formulated. The developed model helps to examine the transmission of COVID-19 infection in Plateau State, Nigeria, using face masks$$c_{f}$$cfand social distancing$$c_{d}$$cdas control measures. Data used for the simulation of the developed model were obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control which was fitted to the system of ordinary differential equations using nonlinear least squares method. Results at baseline values$$c_{f} = 0.1$$cf=0.1and$$c_{d} = 0.2$$cd=0.2of control measures indicate 2.3 estimation as basic reproduction number which suggests that COVID-19 in Plateau State tends towards endemic state. However, above about 40% in the use of face masks in the population and corresponding above 50% adherence to social distancing could as well bring down the basic reproduction number to a value below 1 necessary for disease eradication. The results at baseline values further indicate that the peak of the COVID-19 had been reached in less than 250 days from the first detection date after about 476,455 undetected asymptomatic individuals, 92,168 undetected symptomatic individuals and 83,801 detected quarantined individuals have been fully infectious. Therefore, the policymakers in Plateau State have the possibility of eradicating the disease with further strict non-pharmaceutical control measures provided that the present conditions of analysis remain fairly the same.
Deportable to Nowhere: Stateless Children as Challenges to State Logics of Immigration Control
Authors: Cheong Amanda R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study draws on ethnographic fieldwork with undocumented and stateless families in Sabah, Malaysia to examine how deportability shapes children's relationships with the Malaysian state. By centering the perspectives of children and their families, the author argues that the figure of the stateless child challenges state logics of immigration control in two ways. First, born in Malaysia but without proper identity documentation or legal status from any nation, stateless youth in the study were “deportable to nowhere.” Second, Malaysian immigration control inadvertently transforms stateless children into the very “illegal” migrants that the government seeks to deter: for some, expulsion to their ancestral country and eventual illicit return to Malaysia marked the first times they had crossed an international border. The article concludes by discussing the implications of stateless children for the nation-state system's organizational principles more broadly.
Responses of differentDrosophilaspecies to temperature changes
Authors: Huda Ainul , Omelchenko Alisa A. , Vaden Thomas J. , Castaneda Allison N. , Ni Lina 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTemperature is a critical environmental variable that affects the distribution, survival and reproduction of most animals. Although temperature receptors have been identified in many animals, how these receptors respond to temperature is still unclear. Here, we describe an automated tracking method for studying the thermotactic behaviors of Drosophila larvae and adults. We built optimal experimental setups to capture behavioral recordings and analyzed them using free software, Fiji and TrackMate, which do not require programming knowledge. Then, we applied the adult thermotactic two-choice assay to examine the movement and temperature preferences of nine Drosophila species. The ability or inclination to move varied among these species and at different temperatures. Distinct species preferred various ranges of temperatures. Wild-type D. melanogaster flies avoided the warmer temperature in the warm avoidance assay and the cooler temperature in the cool avoidance assay. Conversely, D. bipectinata and D. yakuba did not avoid warm or cool temperatures in the respective assays, and D. biarmipes and D. mojavensis did not avoid the warm temperature in the warm avoidance assay. These results demonstrate that Drosophila species have different mobilities and temperature preferences, which will benefit further research in exploring molecular mechanisms of temperature responsiveness.
Vocal tract allometry in a mammalian vocal learner
Authors: de Reus Koen , Carlson Daryll , Lowry Alice , Gross Stephanie , Garcia Maxime , Rubio-Garcia Ana , Salazar-Casals Anna , Ravignani Andrea 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Acoustic allometry occurs when features of animal vocalisations can be predicted from body size measurements. Despite this being considered the norm, allometry sometimes breaks, resulting in species sounding smaller or larger than expected for their size. A recent hypothesis suggests that allometry-breaking mammals cluster into two groups: those with anatomical adaptations to their vocal tracts and those capable of learning new sounds (vocal learners). Here, we tested which mechanism is used to escape from acoustic allometry by probing vocal tract allometry in a proven mammalian vocal learner, the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). We tested whether vocal tract structures and body size scale allometrically in 68 young individuals. We found that both body length and body mass accurately predict vocal tract length and one tracheal dimension. Independently, body length predicts vocal fold length while body mass predicts a second tracheal dimension. All vocal tract measures are larger in weaners than in pups and some structures are sexually dimorphic within age classes. We conclude that harbour seals do comply with anatomical allometric constraints. However, allometry between body size and vocal fold length seems to emerge after puppyhood, suggesting that ontogeny may modulate the anatomy–learning distinction previously hypothesised as clear cut. We suggest that seals, and perhaps other species producing signals that deviate from those expected from their vocal tract dimensions, may break allometry without morphological adaptations. In seals, and potentially other vocal learning mammals, advanced neural control over vocal organs may be the main mechanism for breaking acoustic allometry.
Fluorescent Hydrogel Based on Self-assembling Acridonylalanine-phenylalanine
Authors: Araki Yuzuha , Shirakata Hiroki , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Ubukata Takashi , Yokoyama Yasushi , Kawamura Izuru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A new dipeptide with an acridone chromophore, namely 2-acridonylalanine-phenylalanine (AAP) was synthesized, and a fluorescent hydrogel was produced under physiological pH conditions by the AAP self-assembly process. The hydrogel exhibited a blue emission and reasonable thermoresponsiveness. Therefore, dipeptides containing an acridone side chain of the first residue were found to be effective hydrogelators.
Subnuclear localisation is associated with gene expression more than parental origin at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus
Authors: Mashoodh Rahia , Hülsmann Lisa C. , Dearden Frances L. , Takahashi Nozomi , Edwards Carol , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. 
Published: April 2022

At interphase, de-condensed chromosomes have a non-random three-dimensional architecture within the nucleus, however, little is known about the extent to which nuclear organisation might influence expression or vice versa. Here, using imprinting as a model, we use 3D RNA- and DNA-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation in normal and mutant mouse embryonic stem cell lines to assess the relationship between imprinting control, gene expression and allelic distance from the nuclear periphery. We compared the two parentally inherited imprinted domains at the Dlk1-Dio3 domain and find a small but reproducible trend for the maternally inherited domain to be further away from the periphery however we did not observe an enrichment of inactive alleles in the immediate vicinity of the nuclear envelope. Using Zfp57KO ES cells, which harbour a paternal to maternal epigenotype switch, we observe that expressed alleles are significantly further away from the nuclear periphery.
However, within individual nuclei, alleles closer to the periphery are equally likely to be expressed as those further away. In other words, absolute position does not predict expression. Taken together, this suggests that whilst stochastic activation can cause subtle shifts in localisation for this locus, there is no dramatic relocation of alleles upon gene activation. Our results suggest that transcriptional activity, rather than the parent-of-origin, defines subnuclear localisation at an endogenous imprinted domain.
Were the socio-economic determinants of municipalities relevant to the increment of COVID-19 related deaths in Brazil in 2020?
Authors: Castro-Alves Julio , Silva Lídia Santos , Lima João Paulo , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo 
Published: April 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has been showing a pattern of distribution of related deaths associated with individual socioeconomic status (SES). However, little is known about the role of SES in the distribution of the mortality rate in different population, from an ecological perspective.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of socioeconomic factors in the distribution of the COVID-19-related mortality rate among Brazilian municipalities in 2020.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, population-wide, and ecological study, using data of COVID-19-related deaths from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System database (SIVEP-Gripe) and SES from the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Geographic Index of the Socioeconomic Context and Social Studies (GeoSES), and 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE/Brazil). We computed crude, age- and sex-standardized, and the latter offset by the time of exposure to the epidemic mortality rates. To determine socioeconomic factors associated with mortality rates we used log-linear models with state codes as a random effect and Haversine variance-covariance matrix.

Results
191,528 deaths were related to COVID-19 and distributed in 4,928 (88.55%) Brazilian municipalities. Whatever the socioeconomic indexes used, the R2 were very small to explain SMRT. Consistent across all socioeconomic indexes used, high-income, more educated, and well infrastructure municipalities generally had higher mortality rates.

Conclusion
Excluding the effect of demographic structure and pandemic timing from mortality rates, the contribution of SES to explain differences in COVID-19-related mortality rates among municipalities in Brazil became very low. The impact of SES on COVID-19-related mortality may vary across levels of aggregation. Urban infrastructure, which includes mobility structures, more complex economic activities and connections, may have influenced the average municipal death rate.
Development of a conceptual model for evaluating new non-curative and curative therapies for sickle cell disease
Authors: Johnson Kate M. , Jiao Boshen , Bender M. A. , Ramsey Scott D. , Devine Beth , Basu Anirban 
Published: April 2022

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many acute and chronic complications driven by ongoing vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. It causes a disproportionate burden on Black and Hispanic communities. Our objective was to follow the SMDM/ISPOR Task Force recommendations for good practices and create a conceptual model of the progression of SCD under current clinical practice to inform cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) of promising curative therapies in the pipeline over a lifetime horizon.

Methods
We used consultations with experts, providers, and patients to identify acute events and chronic conditions in the conceptual model. We compared our model structure to previous CEA models of interventions for SCD, assessed the prevalence of the identified disease attributes in Medicaid and Medicare claims databases, and identified relevant outcomes following the 2nd Panel in CEA. We determined an appropriate modeling technique and relevant data sources for parameterizing the model.

Results
The conceptual model structure included four dimensions of disease: chronic pain, acute events, chronic conditions, and treatment complications, spanning 26 disease attributes with significant impacts on health-related quality of life and resource. We modeled chronic pain separately to reflect its importance to patients and interaction with all other disease attributes. We identified additional data sources for health state utilities and non-medical costs and benefits of SCD. We will use a microsimulation model with age- and sex-specific transitions between health states predicted by patient demographic characteristics and disease history.

Conclusion
Developing the model structure through an explicit process of model conceptualization can increase the transparency and accuracy of results. We will populate the conceptual model with the data sources described and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of curative therapies.
A streamlined method for the fast and cost-effective detection of bacterial pathogens from positive blood cultures for the BacT/ALERT blood culture system using the Vitek MS mass spectrometer
Authors: Forster Johannes , Kohlmorgen Britta , Haas Julian , Weis Philipp , Breunig Lukas , Turnwald Doris , Mizaikoff Boris , Schoen Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Background and objective
Prompt pathogen identification of blood stream infections is essential to provide appropriate antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the objective of this prospective single centre study was to establish an inexpensive, fast and accurate protocol for bacterial species identification with SDS protein-extraction directly from BacT/Alert® blood culture (BC) bottles by VitekMS®.

Results
Correct species identification was obtained for 198/266 (74.4%, 95%-CI = [68.8%, 79.6%]) of pathogens. The protocol was more successful in identifying 87/96 (91.4%, 95%-CI = [83.8%, 93.2%]) gram-negative bacteria than 110/167 (65.9%, 95%-CI = [58.1%, 73.0%]) gram-positive bacteria. The hands-on time for sample preparation and measurement was about 15 min for up to five samples. This is shorter than for most other protocols using a similar lysis-centrifugation approach for the combination of BacT/Alert® BC bottles and the Vitek® MS mass spectrometer. The estimated costs per sample were approx. 1.80€ which is much cheaper than for commercial kits.

Conclusion
This optimized protocol allows for accurate identification of bacteria directly from blood culture bottles for laboratories equipped with BacT/Alert® blood culture bottles and VitekMS® mass spectrometer.
Innovation Platforms Practices for Improving Sustainable Intensification in Several Countries and Its Implication to Indonesia: An Integrative Review of Agricultural Innovation Systems
Authors: Ayunda Winda Anestya , Purwaningsih Indah , Ariana Lutfah , Akil Husein Avicenna 
Published: April 2022

<span>The unsuccessful implementation of Innovation Platforms (IPs) occurs frequently, leading to missed opportunities where improvements could have been made on various aspects of a Sustainable Intensification. This integrative review aims to report research on the scope of productivity innovation, Natural Resource Management (NRM) innovation and institutional innovation of IPs to achieve sustainable intensification in several countries. A comprehensive database search using the search term through a range of electronic database, including Google Schoolar and Scopus from the earliest retrievable records of each database to June, 2020. The search terms used in review were “innovation platforms” and “sustainable intensification”. A total of 9 studies were included in the review. Based on the result, we propose modifications to the framework to assess both the implementation and evaluation of IPs in Indonesian agriculture systems. We also reflect on some challenges and opportunities for further research and policy- and -development investments in sustainable intensification.</span>
The Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Regional Public Hospitals as Regional Public Service Agencies
Authors: Arso Septo Pawelas , Putro Antono Suryo 
Published: April 2022

Public hospitals as mandated by regulation, managed as a public service agency, which given the flexibility on financial and resources management to perform good business practices in order to improve community services. As a public enterprise, regional hospitals must conduct good corporate governance by optimizing resources and providing quality services. The internal audit function have important role in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of internal audit in regional public hospitals as public service agencies. The research method was descriptive with qualitative approach. Research data was collected by observation of documents and in-depth interviews in 2 hospital, regional public hospital in district and regional public hospital at Central Java Province. The research subjects consisted of directors, Internal Auditor Unit ( SPI), service department, , finance and general affair. Data was processed and then content analyzed. Based on the research, internal audit unit structure were just formed to fully regulations. The internal audit team were incompetent, no training, job descriptions of staff had not been detailed and auditor team was double job as additional task. Audit function was more focused on the compliance of financial aspects and accountability. The function of performance evaluation and compliance on regulations had not been carried out. The constraints are the limited number of personnel and double jobs. Hospital directors were usually immediately aware of problems that arise even without reports from the internal audit unit. Monitoring and evaluation of internal audit unit has not been carried out intensively. Internal audit function had not been effectively performed. It is need to appoint staff with appropriate competencies, the role and function of the internal audit unit have to be improved through the establishment of specific job descriptions and the granting of broader authority to audit in all units.
Концептуальні засади впровадження моніторингу якості життя населення в практику управління територіями
Authors: Atamanchuk Pavlo 
Published: April 2022

У статті обґрунтовано концептуальні засади впровадження моніторингу якості життя населення органами публічної влади. З’ясовано, що діалог між населенням і органами публічної влади можливий тільки в тому випадку, коли об’єктом управлінського впливу стануть всі життєві процеси територіальних громад. Встановлено, що реалізація інтересів широких кіл населення деякою мірою можлива через безперервну розробку й удосконалювання критеріїв якості життя, механізмів оцінки і поліпшення, через обов’язковість їх дотримання.
На думку автора, критерії ефективності управлінської діяльності держави з підвищення якості життя населення можуть будуватися на основі чіткого визначення і підвищення соціальних норм і стандартів; наукового обґрунтування теоретичних конструкцій, що віддзеркалюють інтереси суспільства як цілого; вивчення потреб соціуму визначеного суб’єкта (суб’єктів).
Основами ефективного управління процесами формування підвищення якості життя населення можуть стати принципи системного управління: орієнтація системи органів публічної влади на обласному рівні на населення, що означає розуміння поточних і майбутніх нестатків населення, виконання його вимог і прагнення перевершити його очікування; провідна роль керівництва, що полягає в забезпеченні єдності цілей і напрямів діяльності обласної ради щодо підвищення якості життя населення; визначення місії з питань якості життя; підвищення відповідальності публічних службовців щодо поліпшення якості життя населення; процесний підхід.
Збігнєв Бжезінський і місце України у його геостратегічній концепції (кінець 1940-х - 2017 рр.)
Authors: Honcharov Hennadii , Kaplin Olexandr , Faiier Olena 
Published: April 2022

Мета. Метою статті є дослідити та розглянути процес формування геостратегічної концепції найвпливовішого американського державного і громадського діяча, політолога, соціолога, професора Збігнева Казімєжа Бжезінського (1928–2017 рр.) щодо України в період з кінця 40-х років ХХ ст. по 2017 рр. У межах поставленої мети автори націлені виявити основні етапи становлення даної концепції, визначити умови, що вчинили вирішальний вплив на її зміст, а також фактори, що зумовили необхідність внесення коригувань в окремі її положення. Зроблено спробу охарактеризувати місце України в сучасній геостратегії США.
Актуальність. Вивчення геополітичної стратегії З. Бжезінського щодо України, виявлення основних етапів її розвитку та факторів, що сприяли її коригуванню, становлять не лише академічний інтерес, а й дозволяють якнайкраще зрозуміти місце України в сучасній геостратегічній концепції США.
Методи. Джерельною базою дослідження є насамперед праці самого З. Бжезінського, які вимагають системного підходу і різних методів дослідження, таких як: генетичний, порівняльно-історичний, аналіз і синтез тощо.
Результати та висновки. У статті зроблено висновок про те, що геостратегічна концепція З. Бжезінского щодо України стала значною мірою результатом багаторічного геополітичного протиборства США і СРСР (а потім і Російської Федерації). Її ключові імперативи спочатку формувалися як засіб підриву національної єдності Радянського Союзу, а потім були об'єднані в систему стримування імперських устремлінь і геополітичних амбіцій Росії на пострадянському просторі. Саме тому основні постулати і положення цієї концепції залишалися незмінними протягом досліджуваного періоду (кінець 1940-х – 2017 рр.), у той час як окремі аспекти і тактичні підходи змінювалися і коректувалися в залежності від стану взаємин Заходу і Росії. Найбільш наочно це проявилося у питанні членства України в ЄС і НАТО.