bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling for Variable Transposition Rate with an Age-Adjusted Site Frequency Spectrum
Authors: Horvath Robert , Menon Mitra , Stitzer Michelle , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recognition of the important role of transposable elements (TEs) in eukaryotic genomes quickly led to a burgeoning literature modeling and estimating the effects of selection on TEs. Much of the empirical work on selection has focused on analyzing the site frequency spectrum (SFS) of TEs. But TE evolution differs from standard models in a number of ways that can impact the power and interpretation of the SFS. For example, rather than mutating under a clock-like model, transposition often occurs in bursts which can inflate particular frequency categories compared with expectations under a standard neutral model. If a TE burst has been recent, the excess of low-frequency polymorphisms can mimic the effect of purifying selection. Here, we investigate how transposition bursts affect the frequency distribution of TEs and the correlation between age and allele frequency. Using information on the TE age distribution, we propose an age-adjusted SFS to compare TEs and neutral polymorphisms to more effectively evaluate whether TEs are under selective constraints. We show that our approach can minimize instances of false inference of selective constraint, remains robust to simple demographic changes, and allows for a correct identification of even weak selection affecting TEs which experienced a transposition burst. The results presented here will help researchers working on TEs to more reliably identify the effects of selection on TEs without having to rely on the assumption of a constant transposition rate.
Rapid Detection of Neutral Faces Associated With Emotional Value Among Older Adults
Authors: Saito Akie , Sato Wataru , Yoshikawa Sakiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies using visual search paradigms have provided inconsistent results regarding rapid detection of emotional faces among older adults. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the emotional significance of the faces contributes to efficient searches for emotional faces due to the possible confounding effects of visual saliency. We addressed this issue by excluding the influence of visual factors and examined older adults’ ability to detect faces with emotional meaning.

Method
We used an associative learning procedure in which neutral faces were paired with monetary reward or punishment, such that the neutral faces acquired positive or negative emotional value. Older participants completed the associative learning task and then engaged in a visual search task, in which previously learned neutral faces were presented as discrepant faces among newly presented neutral distractor faces. Data of young adults from a previous study that used identical experimental procedures were also analyzed.

Results
Older participants exhibited lower learning ability than young participants. However, older adults who were successful at learning were able to detect neutral faces associated with reward or punishment more rapidly than those without monetary outcomes, similar to the pattern observed for young adults.

Discussion
The results suggest that acquired emotional value promotes the detection of value-associated neutral faces among older adults who succeed at learning. It is therefore possible that the ability to detect faces that evoke emotions is preserved in older adults.
Older Adults’ Internal Migration Toward Faraway Siblings
Authors: Artamonova Alyona , Gillespie Brian Joseph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Research on the role of siblings in older adult migration lags behind a growing number of studies on adult children as a mobility attraction. We attend to this gap by examining (a) to what extent the absence of partners and/or adult children influences older adults’ (age 70–84) migration toward faraway siblings (at least 50 km away) and (b) how these migrations are patterned by the location of other family members (children, other siblings, and nephews/nieces).

Methods
We use multinomial logistic regression models and analyze dyads of older adults and all distant siblings from the Swedish population register data between 2012 and 2016 (N = 1,743,234). We control for several characteristics of older adults and their siblings that may affect the decision to move closer, including sociodemographic characteristics and measures of location-specific capital.

Results
Widowed, divorced, and never-married older adults were more likely to move closer to distant siblings than those with a partner. Not having children was associated with a higher likelihood of moving toward a sibling. Living near adult children or other siblings deterred relocation toward siblings, while family clustered at a distance reinforced the location’s attractiveness for migration.

Discussion
As declines in fertility broadly reflect people’s decisions to have fewer children or forego having families, siblings might emerge as more active players in the family networks of older adults. Our research indicates that siblings can be a destination for migration and, therefore, should be considered as important members of social networks of older adults, especially those who do not have partners and/or adult children available.
Narcissism, Social Experiences, and Mood in Late Life
Authors: Zhang Shiyang , Kim Yijung K , Fingerman Karen L , Birditt Kira S , Charles Susan T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Social ties increase in importance in late life and narcissism may be deleterious to these ties. More narcissistic older adults may have more frequent social encounters than less narcissistic people and may prefer weak ties (e.g., acquaintances) over close ones (e.g., family, close friends). They may benefit more from these encounters due to their need for adulation. This study examined how daily social experiences and mood varied by narcissism among older adults.

Methods
Older adults aged 65–92 years (N = 303) completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 and completed ecological momentary assessments in which they reported number, type, and quality of social contacts and positive and negative mood every 3 h for 5–6 days.

Results
In multilevel models, narcissism did not predict the number or pleasantness of social encounters. But more narcissistic older adults reported a greater percentage of stressful discussions with weak ties. With regard to mood, more narcissistic people reported higher negative mood if they had more encounters with weak ties and when discussing something stressful with weak ties. Less narcissistic people reported lowered positive mood after they discussed something stressful with close ties.

Discussion
The findings present a nuanced understanding of how the self-centeredness of narcissism may be manifest in late life. More narcissistic people may be less sensitive to close partner’s (e.g., family, friends) distress, but their mood may be more susceptible to negative social events, especially with weak ties (e.g., acquaintances).
Superwoman Schema, Racial Identity, and Cellular Aging Among African American Women
Authors: Thomas Marilyn D , Mendez Rebecca M , Zhang Youchuan , Wang Yijie , Sohail Saba , Chae David H , Márquez-Magaña Leticia , Sellers Rob , Woods-Giscombé Cheryl L , Allen Amani M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
African American women experience faster telomere shortening (i.e., cellular aging) compared with other racial–gender groups. Prior research demonstrates that race and gender interact to influence culturally specific norms for responding to socially-relevant stress and other stress-coping processes, which may affect healthy aging.

Research Design and Methods
Data are from African American Women’s Heart & Health Study participants who consented to DNA extraction (n = 140). Superwoman Schema (SWS) was measured using 5 validated subscales: presenting strength, emotion suppression, resisting vulnerability, motivation to succeed, and obligation to help others. Racial identity was measured using 3 subscales from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity: racial centrality, private regard, and public regard. Relative telomere length (rTL) was measured using DNA extracted from blood samples. Path analysis tested associations and interactions between SWS and racial identity dimensions with rTL.

Results
For SWS, higher resistance to being vulnerable predicted longer telomeres. For racial identity, high private regard predicted longer telomeres while high public regard predicted shorter telomeres. Interactions were found between public regard and 2 SWS dimensions: among women with high public regard, emotion suppression (β = 0.20, p &lt; .05) and motivation to succeed (β = 0.18, p &lt; .05) were associated with longer rTL. The interaction between high centrality and emotion suppression predicted shorter rTL (β = −0.17, p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
Culturally specific responses to gendered racism and racial identity, developed early in life and shaped over the life course, are important psychosocial determinants of cellular aging among African American women.
On a Class of Orthogonal-Invariant Quantum Spin Systems on the Complete Graph
Authors: Ryan Kieran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study a two-parameter family of quantum spin systems on the complete graph, which is the most general model invariant under the complex orthogonal group. In spin $S=\frac {1}{2}$ it is equivalent to the XXZ model, and in spin $S=1$ to the bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg model. The paper is motivated by the work of Björnberg, whose model is invariant under the (larger) complex general linear group. In spin $S=\frac {1}{2}$ and $S=1$ we give an explicit formula for the free energy for all values of the two parameters, and for spin $S&gt;1$ for when one of the parameters is non-negative. This allows us to draw phase diagrams and determine critical temperatures. For spin $S=\frac {1}{2}$ and $S=1$, we give the left and right derivatives as the strength parameter of a certain magnetisation term tends to zero, and we give a formula for a certain total spin observable, and heuristics for the set of extremal Gibbs states in several regions of the phase diagrams, in the style of a recent paper of Björnberg, Fröhlich, and Ueltschi. The key technical tool is expressing the partition function in terms of the irreducible characters of the symmetric group and the Brauer algebra. The parameters considered include, and go beyond, those for which the systems have probabilistic representations as interchange processes.
UCE Phylogenomics Resolves Major Relationships Among Ectaheteromorph Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A New Classification For the Subfamilies and the Description of a New Genus
Authors: Camacho G P , Franco W , Branstetter M G , Pie M R , Longino J T , Schultz T R , Feitosa R M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUncovering the evolutionary history of the subfamilies Ectatomminae and Heteroponerinae, or ectaheteromorphs, is key to understanding a major branch of the ant tree of life. Despite their diversity and ecological importance, phylogenetic relationships in the group have not been well explored. One particularly suitable tool for resolving phylogeny is the use of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), which have been shown to be ideal markers at a variety of evolutionary time scales. In the present study, we enriched and sequenced 2,127 UCEs from 135 specimens of ectaheteromorph ants and investigated phylogeny using a variety of model-based phylogenomic methods. Trees recovered from partitioned maximum-likelihood and species-tree analyses were well resolved and largely congruent. The results are consistent with an expanded concept of Ectatomminae that now includes the subfamily Heteroponerinae new synonym and its single tribe Heteroponerini new combination. Eleven monophyletic groups are recognized as genera: Acanthoponera, Alfariastatus revived, Boltonia Camacho and Feitosa new genus, Ectatomma, Gnamptogenys, Heteroponera, Holcoponerastatus revived, Poneracanthastatus revived, Rhytidoponera, Stictoponerastatus revived, and Typhlomyrmex. The new phylogenetic framework and classification proposed here will shed light on the study of Ectatomminae taxonomy and systematics, as well as on the morphological evolution of the groups that it comprises.
UCE Phylogenomics of New World Cryptopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Elucidates Genus Boundaries, Species Boundaries, and the Vicariant History of a Temperate–Tropical Disjunction
Authors: Branstetter Michael G , Longino John T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The genus Cryptopone Emery contains 25 species of litter and soil ants, 5 of which occur in the Americas. Cryptopone gilva (Roger) occurs in the southeastern United States and cloud forests of Mesoamerica, exhibiting an uncommon biogeographic disjunction observed most often in plants. We used phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), as well as mitogenomes and legacy markers, to investigate phylogenetic relationships, species boundaries, and divergence dates among New World Cryptopone. Species delimitation was conducted using a standard approach and then tested using model-based molecular methods (SNAPP, BPP, SODA, and bPTP). We found that Cryptopone as currently constituted is polyphyletic, and that all the South American species belong to Wadeura Weber, a separate genus unrelated to Cryptopone. A single clade of true Cryptopone occurs in the Americas, restricted to North and Central America. This clade is composed of four species that originated ~4.2 million years ago. One species from the mountains of Guatemala is sister to the other three, favoring a vicariance hypothesis of diversification. The taxonomy of the New World Cryptopone and Wadeura is revised. Taxonomic changes are as follows: Wadeura Weber is resurrected, with new combinations W. guianensis Weber, W. holmgreni (Wheeler), and W. pauli (Fernandes & Delabie); C. guatemalensis (Forel) (rev. stat.) is raised to species and includes C. obsoleta (Menozzi) (syn. nov.). The following new species are described: Cryptopone gilvagrande, C. gilvatumida, and Wadeura holmgrenita. Cryptopone hartwigi Arnold is transferred to Fisheropone Schmidt and Shattuck (n. comb.). Cryptopone mirabilis (Mackay & Mackay 2010) is a junior synonym of Centromyrmex brachycola (Roger) (syn. nov.).
Utility of InTray COLOREX Screen agar and InTray COLOREX ESBL agar for urine culture in the Lao PDR
Authors: Roberts Tamalee , Silisouk Joy , Sengdatka Davanh , Sibounheuang Bountoy , Seljuk Ranoy , Vang Xao , Sengduangphachanh Amphonesavanh , Davong Viengmon , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Malou Nada , Ferreyra Cecilia , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Simpson Andrew J. H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
There is a need for simple microbiology diagnostics to enable antimicrobial resistance surveillance in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives
To investigate the field utility of InTray COLOREX plates for urine culture and ESBL detection.

Methods
Clinical urine samples from Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR were inoculated onto chromogenic media and InTray COLOREX Screen plates between June and August 2020. Urine and isolates from other clinical specimens were inoculated onto COLOREX ESBL plates. A simulated field study investigating the field utility of the InTray COLOREX plates was also completed.

Results
In total, 355 urine samples were inoculated onto standard chromogenic agar and InTray COLOREX Screen plates, and 154 urine samples and 54 isolates from other clinical specimens on the COLOREX ESBL plates. Growth was similar for the two methods (COLOREX Screen 41%, standard method 38%) with 20% discordant results, mainly due to differences in colony counts or colonial appearance. Contamination occurred in 13% of samples, with the COLOREX Screen plates showing increased contamination rates, potentially due to condensation. ESBL producers were confirmed from 80% of isolates from the COLOREX ESBL plates, and direct plating provided rapid detection of presumptive ESBL producers. Burkholderia pseudomallei also grew well on the ESBL plates, a relevant finding in this melioidosis-endemic area.

Conclusions
The InTray COLOREX Screen and ESBL plates were simple to use and interpret, permitting rapid detection of uropathogens and ESBLs, and have the potential for easy transport and storage from field sites and use in laboratories with low capacity.
Network security situation awareness forecasting based on statistical approach and neural networks
Authors: Sokol Pavol , Staňa Richard , Gajdoš Andrej , Pekarčík Patrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe usage of new and progressive technologies brings with it new types of security threats and security incidents. Their number is constantly growing.The current trend is to move from reactive to proactive activities. For this reason, the organization should be aware of the current security situation, including the forecasting of the future state. The main goal of organizations, especially their security operation centres, is to handle events, identify potential security incidents, and effectively forecast the network security situation awareness (NSSA). In this paper, we focus on increasing the efficiency of utilization of this part of cybersecurity. The paper’s main aim is to compare selected statistical models and models based on neural networks to find out which models are more suitable for NSSA forecasting. Based on the analysis provided in this paper, neural network methods prove a more accurate alternative than classical statistical prediction models in NSSA forecasting. In addition, the paper analyses the selection criteria and suitability of time series, which do not only reflect information about the total number of security events but represent a category of security event (e.g. recon scanning), port or protocol.
RGB images-driven recognition of grapevine varieties using a densely connected convolutional network
Authors: Škrabánek Pavel , Doležel Petr , Matoušek Radomil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a pocket-size densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) directed to classification of size-normalized colour images according to varieties of grapes captured in those images. We compare the DenseNet with three established small-size networks in terms of performance, inference time and model size. We propose a data augmentation that we use in training the networks. We train and evaluate the networks on in-field images. The trained networks distinguish between seven grapevine varieties and background, where four and three varieties, respectively, are of red and green grapes. Compared to the established networks, the DenseNet is characterized by near state-of-the-art performance, short inference time and minimal model size. All these aspects qualify the network for real-time, mobile and edge computing applications. The DenseNet opens possibilities for constructing affordable selective harvesters in accordance with agriculture 4.0.
Primary small bowel adenocarcinoma with loss of nuclear expression of PMS2 after resection of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mujeeb Ullah Ateeqa , Jaysing Anna , Hashmi Hassan Raza , Sohail Amir Humza , Li Wendi , Allendorf John D , Sarkar Suparna A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mucinous cholangiocarcinoma is an extremely rare form of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that has been characterized by rapid growth, widespread metastasis and poor prognosis. These tumors have been shown to be a part of the Lynch syndrome tumor spectrum, however, the role of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in their development is poorly understood. We present the case of a 74-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma, who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and extended left hepatectomy and was diagnosed with a primary small bowel adenocarcinoma 2 years later. Immunohistochemistry testing for mismatch repair proteins was significant for the loss of nuclear expression of PMS2. Taken together, the cause of both the mucinous cholangiocarcinoma and primary small bowel adenocarcinoma with PMS2 loss in the patient presented here is likely genetic, suggestive of a cancer syndrome.
Effectiveness of Telementoring in Improving Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Competence in Managing Chronic Pain: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Flynn Diane M , Mathew Asha , McQuinn Honor , Ransom Jeffrey C , Steffen Alana D , Doorenbos Ardith Z 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Telementoring is an evidence-based approach to meet the educational needs of primary care providers (PCPs) and to improve the quality of chronic pain care. This mixed methods study evaluated the effectiveness of pain management telementoring in improving provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competence.

Materials and Methods
The study was conducted at Madigan Army Medical Center. Using a non-randomized quasi-experimental approach, 25 providers were assigned to intervention arm and control arm (14 intervention and 13 control). Providers in the intervention group attended telementoring sessions. Videoconference technology was used to deliver weekly 90-minute TelePain sessions to the PCPs in the intervention group. The first 25-30 minutes of each session consisted of a didactic presentation led by a panel of interdisciplinary pain management clinicians. During the remaining 60 minutes, all PCPs in the intervention group presented clinical histories and asked specific management questions regarding patients of their choosing. An interdisciplinary panel of pain management clinicians provided telementoring consultations. The panel included experts from pain medicine, primary care, psychology or psychiatry, chiropractic, clinical pharmacy, and nursing. Changes in provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competence were evaluated using the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, KnowPain-12, and the Perceived Competence Scale (n = 23; 12 intervention and 11 control). Qualitative interviews were conducted among a subset of providers (n = 12; 8 intervention and 4 control), and provider narratives were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Increased provider knowledge (Z = 2.0, P = .046 [KnowPain-12]) and perceived competence (Z = 2.1, P = .033) were observed among intervention group providers. Provider narratives supported more implementation of non-pharmacological pain management strategies, use of strategies to engage patients in reducing reliance on opioids, and perception of TelePain as a helpful resource especially in the context of inadequate preparation in chronic pain management during professional training.

Conclusions
Telementoring may hold significant potential to support providers in their efforts to decrease use of prescription opioids. Overall, this study provides further support for the value of telementoring in improving comprehensive chronic pain management in military settings.
Successful treatment of relapsing polychondritis with circumferential bronchial wall thickening including the tracheomembranous area with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor
Authors: Maekawa Makiko , Yoshimura Motoki , Kadowaki Masako , Nakano Miki , Moriwaki Atsushi , Ueda Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Shigeru 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
This is a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with cough and anterior chest pain. Tracheal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis (RP). Although the patient had circumferential bronchial wall thickening extending to the tracheomembranous area and was positive foRPR3-ANCA, he did not meet the diagnostic criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The patient was refractory to prednisolone + methotrexate + azathioprine and responded to adalimumab, a biologic tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor effective in RP refractory cases. Herein, we report a rare case of RP with circumferential bronchial wall thickening extending to the tracheomembranous area.