bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency characterization of Si$$_3$$N$$_4$$ dielectrics for artificial magnetoelectric devices
Authors: Vijayakumar Jaianth , Gaspar Marcos , Maurel Laura , Horisberger Michael , Nolting Frithjof , Vaz C. A. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCharge mediated magnetoelectric coupling mechanism in artificial multiferroics originates from interfacial charge modulation or ionic movement at a magnetic/dielectric interface. Despite the existence of several dielectric/ferroelectric systems that can be used in charge mediated artificial multiferroic systems, producing suitable systems with fast time responses still remains a challenge. Here we characterize the frequency response of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric (low strain) Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

thin film membranes, which can potentially be used as the dielectric layer in magnetoelectric devices, to determine the impact of depletion layers, charge traps and defect mobility on the high frequency (up to 100 MHz) interfacial charge modulation via screening. We find that the dielectric/magnetoelectric properties are largely dominated by extrinsic doping due to point defects. In particular, we find that non-stoichiometric Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

has a dielectric behaviour that is dominated by charge traps and/or mobile ions. However, stoichiometric Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

membranes show a reversible response to the applied bias electric field consistent with a doped semiconductor behaviour; at high frequencies, the intrinsic dielectric behaviour is reached, indicating that it may be suitable for high frequency magnetoelectric device applications. Our results show that minimising the impact of defects on the dielectric properties of magnetoelectric heterostructures is an important prerequisite for obtaining a high frequency magnetoelectric response.
Integrating dispersal, breeding and abundance data with graph theory for the characterization and management of functional connectivity in amphibian pondscapes
Authors: Reyes-Moya Ismael , Sánchez-Montes Gregorio , Martínez-Solano Íñigo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextRobust assessment of functional connectivity in amphibian population networks is essential to address their global decline. The potential of graph theory to characterize connectivity among amphibian populations has already been confirmed, but the movement data on which modelled graphs rely are often scarce and inaccurate. While probabilistic methods that account for intraspecific variability in dispersal better reflect the biological reality of functional connectivity, they must be informed by systematically recorded individual movement data, which are difficult to obtain for secretive taxa like amphibians.ObjectivesOur aim is to assess the applied potential of probabilistic graph theory to characterize overall connectivity across amphibian pondscapes using fine-scale capture-recapture data, and to inform conservation management based on the role of ponds on functional connectivity.MethodsWe monitored an amphibian community in a pondscape located in a Spanish “dehesa” for 2 years. Photoidentification was used to build capture histories for individuals of six species, from which dispersal kernels and population sizes were estimated to model probabilistic graphs.ResultsWe obtained kernels of variable robustness for six species. Node importance for connectivity varied between species, but with common patterns such as shared road crossing areas and the presence of coincident interconnected pond clusters.ConclusionsThe combination of photoidentification, capture-recapture data and graph theory allowed us to characterize functional connectivity across the pondscape of study accounting for dispersal variability and identify areas where conservation actions could be most efficient. Our results highlight the need to account for interspecific differences in the study and management of amphibian pondscapes.
Vulnerable consumers: marketing research needs to pay more attention to the brain health of consumers
Authors: Javor Andrija , Koller Monika , Lee Nick , Breiter Hans 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose here that marketing research should increase consideration of the brain health of consumers, and argue that it would help both extend our current knowledge of vulnerable and other marginalised groups, as well as extend generalizability and external validity of marketing research in general. We show that such a focus would help enrich methodology, especially around causal inference, as well as impact on our understanding of a number of key emerging themes in marketing research. We particularly focus on the consumer behaviour around digitalisation, as well as compulsive buying behaviour. Further, we show that increasing consideration of consumer brain health will further efforts towards inclusivity of marketing, and help continue progress towards marketing research as a force for good.
Time’s entanglements: Beauvoir and Fanon on reductive temporalities
Authors: Stendera Marilyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSimone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon both argue that oppression fundamentally constrains the subject’s relationship to and embodied experience of time, yet their accounts of temporality are rarely brought together. This paper will explore what we might learn about the operation of different types of reductive temporality if we read Beauvoir and Fanon alongside each other, focusing primarily on the early works that arguably lay out the central concerns of their respective temporal frameworks. At first glance, it seems that these two models of temporality have radically different emphases. While Beauvoir suggests that reductive temporalities work to sever the future from the past and present, Fanon locates this destructive operation in the heightening of their entanglement. However, I will contend that there are deep affinities between these accounts: For both Beauvoir and Fanon, freedom is bound up with futurity, with its lack therefore cashed out in terms of stagnation, repetition, and the entrapment within a hollow moment that prevents authentic projection. Both resist teleological perspectives; problematize the endeavor to describe the structures of lived temporality in neutral terms; and show that temporality is crucial to the pursuit of a political phenomenology. These resonances, however, should only serve to recast rather than dissolve the tension between their approaches; ultimately, we need to acknowledge the distinctiveness of their differing concerns and aims.
Void space and secondary oriented attachment mechanisms in cerium oxide nanorods
Authors: Brambila C. , Nutter J. , Molinari M. , Sayle D. C. , Sakthivel T. , Seal S. , Möbus G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo new processes occurring during nanorod annealing of ceria are disclosed, both belonging to the wider “oriented attachment” (OA) scheme of crystal growth, which commonly drives nanoparticles growing into nanorods. The first new process is an inversion of the standard OA, where the usual solid particles are replaced by well-facetted shape-equilibrated voids inside larger single crystals. The internal facetted voids are then found to aggregate during dry heat treatment into rod-shaped elongated voids growing eventually towards nanotubes. For the case of CeO2, a perfect equivalence is found between positive OA, involving cuboctahedral {111}/{100} nanoparticles turning into {110}/{100} nanorods, and negative or void space OA, where cuboctahedral voids turn into negative tubular rods of same indexing. The second OA process (“secondary OA”) concerns aggregation of small nanorod segments into larger, double, or quadruple sized nanorods, with perfection of alignment and bonding exceeding simple van der Waals forces. Eventually, the new rods merge into single crystal grain boundary–free larger rods, but with an external shape, including double-ended rods, indicating their origin from several rods. Both processes are found on identical samples and occur in parallel.
Rising Wages and Intra-Country Industry Relocation: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Yuting , Mau Karsten , Xu Mingzhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyze how rising labor costs contribute to economic restructuring in China. In a panel of prefectural cities and industries, spanning the years 1999-2007, we employ instrumental variables to identify the effect of increasing local wage levels. We find adverse effects on performance of (low-skilled) labor intensive industries in China’s advanced regions. Consistent with cost-saving industry relocation, such industries expand in other locations, where wages are comparatively low. Comparing locations where such industries expand to those where they do not, we find that both economic complexity and subsequent per capita income increased faster in the former group.
The accuracy of navigated versus freehand curettage in bone tumors: a cadaveric model study
Authors: van Steenbergen Thomas R. F. , Nijsink Han , Eggen Thomas G. E. , Janssen Dennis , Rovers Maroeska M. , van der Geest Ingrid C. M. , Fütterer J. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Navigation has been suggested to guide complex benign bone tumor curettage procedures, but the contribution of navigation to the accuracy of curettage has never been quantified. We explored the accuracy of navigated curettage in a cadaveric observational pilot study, comparing navigated to freehand curettage, performed independently by an expert and a novice user.

Methods
The expert performed curettage on 20 cadaveric bones prepared with a paraffin wax mixture tumor, 10 freehand and 10 navigated. We re-used 12 bones for the novice experiments, 6 freehand and 6 navigated. Tumor and curettage cavity volumes were segmented on pre- and post-cone-beam CT scans. Accuracy was quantified using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), and with remaining tumor volume, bone curettage volume, maximal remaining width and procedure times compared between navigation and freehand groups for both users.

Results
There were little differences in curettage accuracy between a navigated (DSC 0.59[0.17]) and freehand (DSC 0.64[0.10]) approach for an expert user, but there were for a novice user with DSC 0.67(0.14) and 0.83(0.06), respectively. All navigated and freehand procedures had some amount of remaining tumor, generally located in a few isolated spots with means of 2.2(2.6) cm3 (mean 20% of the tumor volume) and 1.5(1.4) cm3 (18%), respectively, for the expert and more diffusely spaced with means of 5.1(2.8) cm3 (33%) and 3.0(2.2) cm3 (17%), respectively, for the novice.

Conclusions
In an explorative study on 20 cadaveric bone tumor models, navigated curettage in its current setup was not more accurate than freehand curettage. The amount of remaining tumor, however, confirms that curettage could be further improved. The novice user was less accurate using navigation than freehand, which could be explained by the learning curve. Furthermore, the expert used a different surgical approach than the novice, focusing more on removing the entire tumor than sparing surrounding bone.
Screening and management of major endocrinopathies during pregnancy: an update
Authors: Paschou Stavroula A. , Bletsa Evanthia , Papazisi Maria , Mili Nikoletta , Kanouta Fotini , Kassi Georgia N. , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Lambrinoudaki Irene 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndocrinopathies during pregnancy constitute a challenging issue, being prevalent and requiring appropriate management to avoid maternal and fetal complications. This review aims to summarize and present major endocrine problems during pregnancy, the appropriate screening, maternal monitoring and management, fetal monitoring, and follow-up. Glucose metabolism, thyroid function, as well as calcium and vitamin D metabolism are the main endocrine domains that should be screened and monitored during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent endocrine disease during pregnancy, followed by thyroid disorders. Specific recommendations are provided for the optimal clinical care of pregnant women and their offspring for GDM, thyroid disorders, and calcium and vitamin D disorders.
Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in paediatric patients in Europe: results from the EuroPedHp Registry
Authors: Le Thi Thu Giang , Werkstetter Katharina , Kotilea Kallirroi , Bontems Patrick , Cabral José , Cilleruelo Pascual Maria Luz , Kori Michal , Barrio Josefa , Homan Matjaž , Kalach Nicolas , Lima Rosa , Tavares Marta , Urruzuno Pedro , Misak Zrinjka , Urbonas Vaidotas , Koletzko Sibylle ,   for the Helicobacter pylori Special Interest Group of ESPGHAN, Sykora Josef , Miele Erasmo , Krahl Andreas , Klemenak Martina , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Chiaro Andrea , Ugras Meltem Korkut , de Laffolie Jan , Matusiewics Krzysztof , Rea Francesca , Casswall Thomas , Roma Eleftheria , Banoub Hany , Cseh Aron , Rogalidou Maria , Lopes Ana Isabel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The EuroPedHp-registry aims to monitor guideline-conform management, antibiotic resistance, and eradication success of 2-week triple therapy tailored to antibiotic susceptibility (TTT) in Helicobacter pylori-infected children.

Methods
From 2017 to 2020, 30 centres from 17 European countries reported anonymized demographic, clinical, antibiotic susceptibility, treatment, and follow-up data. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with treatment failure.

Results
Of 1605 patients, 873 had follow-up data (53.2% female, median age 13.0 years, 7.5% with ulcer), thereof 741 (85%) treatment naïve (group A) and 132 (15%) after failed therapy (group B). Resistance to metronidazole was present in 21% (A: 17.7%, B: 40.2%), clarithromycin in 28.8% (A: 25%, B: 51.4%), and both in 7.1% (A: 3.8%, B: 26.5%). The majority received 2-week tailored triple therapy combining proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin with clarithromycin (PAC) or metronidazole (PAM). Dosing was lower than recommended for PPI (A: 49%, B: 41%) and amoxicillin (A: 6%, B: 56%). In treatment naïve patients, eradication reached 90% (n = 503, 95% CI 87–93%) and 93% in compliant children (n = 447, 95% CI 90–95%). Tailored triple therapy cured 59% patients after failed therapy (n = 69, 95% CI 48–71%). Treatment failure was associated with PAM in single clarithromycin resistance (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.10–5.53), with PAC in single metronidazole resistance (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.47–8.08), and with low compliance (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 2.49–13.95).

Conclusions
Guideline-conform 2-weeks therapy with PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin or metronidazole tailored to antibiotic susceptibility achieves primary eradication of ≥ 90%. Higher failure rates in single-resistant strains despite tailored treatment indicate missed resistance by sampling error.
Understanding, Idealization, and Explainable AI
Authors: Fleisher Will 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany AI systems that make important decisions are black boxes: how they function is opaque even to their developers. This is due to their high complexity and to the fact that they are trained rather than programmed. Efforts to alleviate the opacity of black box systems are typically discussed in terms of transparency, interpretability, and explainability. However, there is little agreement about what these key concepts mean, which makes it difficult to adjudicate the success or promise of opacity alleviation methods. I argue for a unified account of these key concepts that treats the concept of understanding as fundamental. This allows resources from the philosophy of science and the epistemology of understanding to help guide opacity alleviation efforts. A first significant benefit of this understanding account is that it defuses one of the primary, in-principle objections to post hoc explainable AI (XAI) methods. This “rationalization objection” argues that XAI methods provide mere rationalizations rather than genuine explanations. This is because XAI methods involve using a separate “explanation” system to approximate the original black box system. These explanation systems function in a completely different way than the original system, yet XAI methods make inferences about the original system based on the behavior of the explanation system. I argue that, if we conceive of XAI methods as idealized scientific models, this rationalization worry is dissolved. Idealized scientific models misrepresent their target phenomena, yet are capable of providing significant and genuine understanding of their targets.
Temporal trends in postoperative and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the United States
Authors: Metersky Mark L. , Wang Yun , Klompas Michael , Eckenrode Sheila , Mathew Jasie , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine change in rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in the United States during 2009–2019.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Patients:Patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, a chart-abstraction–derived database including 21 adverse-event measures among patients hospitalized in the United States. Changes in observed and risk-adjusted rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia were derived.Results:Among 58,618 patients undergoing major surgical procedures between 2009 and 2019, the observed rate of postoperative pneumonia from 2009–2011 was 1.9% and decreased to 1.3% during 2017–2019. The adjusted annual risk each year, compared to the prior year, was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96). Among 4,007 patients hospitalized for any of these 4 conditions at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia during 2009–2019, we did not detect a significant change in observed or adjusted rates. Observed rates clustered around 10%, and adjusted annual risk compared to the prior year was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95–1.02).Conclusions:During 2009–2019, the rate of postoperative pneumonia decreased statistically and clinically significantly in among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures in the United States, but rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia did not change.
Exposure to Foreign Languages through Live Interaction Can Facilitate Children’s Acceptance of Multiple Labeling Conventions across Languages
Authors: LEE Hyuna , SONG Hyun-joo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current research examined whether children’s expectations about labeling conventions can be influenced by limited exposure to a foreign language. Three- to four-year-old Korean children were presented with two speakers who each assigned a novel label either in Korean or Spanish to a novel object. Children were asked whether both labels were acceptable for the object. Children who had more exposure to a foreign language through live social interaction, but not through media, were more likely to accept both Korean and Spanish labels. These findings indicate the influence of social interaction in foreign language exposure on children’s understanding of different labeling conventions.
A scoping review: urinary markers of metabolic maturation in infants with CHD and the relationship to growth
Authors: Marino Luise V. , Paulson Simone , Ashton James J. , Weeks Charlotte , Young Aneurin , Pappachan John V.P. , Swann John R. , Johnson Mark J. , Beattie R. Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground:Growth failure in infants born with CHD is a persistent problem, even in those provided with adequate nutrition.Objective:To summarise the published data describing the change in urinary metabolites during metabolic maturation in infants with CHD and identify pathways amenable to therapeutic interventionDesign:Scoping review.Eligibility criteria:Studies using qualitative or quantitative methods to describe urinary metabolites pre- and post-cardiac surgery and the relationship with growth in infants with CHD.Sources of evidence:NICE Healthcare Databases website was used as a tool for multiple searches.Results:347 records were identified, of which 37 were duplicates. Following the removal of duplicate records, 310 record abstracts and titles were screened for inclusion. The full texts of eight articles were reviewed for eligibility, of which only two related to infants with CHD. The studies included in the scoping review described urinary metabolites in 42 infants. A content analysis identified two overarching themes of metabolic variation predictive of neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with anaerobic metabolism and metabolic signature associated with the impact on gut microbiota, inflammation, energy, and lipid digestion.Conclusion:The results of this scoping review suggest that there are considerable gaps in our knowledge relating to metabolic maturation of infants with CHD, especially with respect to growth. Surgery is a key early life feature for CHD infants and has an impact on the developing biochemical phenotype with implications for metabolic pathways involved in immunomodulation, energy, gut microbial, and lipid metabolism. These early life fingerprints may predict those individuals at risk for neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
First Activation of the WHO Emergency Medical Team Minimum Data Set in the 2019 Response to Tropical Cyclone Idai in Mozambique
Authors: Kubo Tatsuhiko , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Cossa Matchecane , Ussene Isse , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Yumiya Yui , Kayano Ryoma , Salio Flavio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction:During a disaster, comprehensive, accurate, timely, and standardized health data collection is needed to improve patient care and support effective responses. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Minimum Data Set (MDS) as an international standard for data collection in the context of disasters and public health emergencies. The EMT MDS was formally activated for the first time in 2019 during the response to Cyclone Idai in Mozambique.Study Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze data collected through the EMT MDS during Cyclone Idai of 2019 and to identify the benefits of and opportunities for its future use.Methods:The EMT MDS was used for data collection. All 13 international EMTs deployed from March 27 through July 12 reported data in accordance with the EMT MDS form. The collected data were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 18,468 consultations, including delivery of 94 live births, were recorded. For children under-five and those five-years and older, the top five reasons for consultation were minor injuries (4.5% and 10.8%, respectively), acute respiratory infections ([ARI] 12.6% and 4.8%, respectively), acute watery diarrhea (18.7% and 7.7%, respectively), malaria (9.2% and 6.1%, respectively), and skin diseases (5.1% and 3.1%, respectively). Non-disaster-related health events accounted for 84.7% of the total health problems recorded. Obstetric care was among the core services provided by EMTs during the response.Conclusion:Despite of challenges, the EMT MDS reporting system was found to support the responses and coordination of EMTs. The role of the Mozambican Ministry of Health (MOH), its cooperation with EMTs, and the dedicated technical support of international organizations enabled its successful implementation.