bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Producing Pathways to Success: New Perspectives on Social Mobility
Authors: Pott Andreas , Crul Maurice , Schneider Jens 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter sketches the state of the debate on the roles and positions of native-born children of immigrants in European countries more than half a century after the transformation of these countries into immigration societies. It focusses on the social mechanisms, potentials and effects of the increasing number of socially upwardly mobile offspring of immigrant working-class families – and the lacunae in research on them. We introduce some of the central theoretical concepts that have informed the diverse research projects within the Pathways to Success consortium and the empirical comparisons throughout this book. We describe and justify why we talk about new social mobilities in light of the extraordinary nature of this group’s social mobility. Many of the social climbers’ parents, recruited as part of ‘guest worker’ schemes, had attained levels of formal education well below the average of non-immigrant workers’ families. But having taken the risk of migrating to another country, these parents also transmitted high levels of ambition and expectations to their children. In addition to individual characteristics, we emphasize the importance of institutional arrangements by making use of the integration context theory, which offers an important framework for understanding the opportunities and obstacles put in place by educational and labour market systems and specific professional sectors.
Becoming Elite in an Egalitarian Context: Pathways to Law and Medicine Among Norway’s Second-Generation
Authors: Midtbøen Arnfinn H. , Nadim Marjan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the extent to which elite occupations such as medicine and law are open to ambitious second-generation individuals in Norway, with regard to both institutional access and social inclusion. We use population-wide registry data to study the share of second-generation individuals who have degrees in law and medicine and are working as lawyers and doctors. Drawing on 40 in-depth interviews with children of labour migrants who have managed to secure jobs as lawyers and medical doctors, we moreover explore the informants’ pathways to their current labour market positions and their experiences of both barriers and opportunities in their work contexts. Although medicine and law are elite fields characterized by occupational closure, both in their access policies and in their recruitment practices, second-generation individuals are overrepresented in both fields, especially in medicine. However, the qualitative data suggest that many have accessed these fields through second-chance options or alternative routes. Furthermore, although many informants are able to take advantage of their ethnic minority background in their working lives, some also experience the burden of feeling ‘out of place’ in work places traditionally reserved for majority individuals of elite social origins. The following chapter paints an optimistic picture of second-generation access to elite positions in institutional terms, while simultaneously suggesting that formal access does not necessarily protect against subtle processes of exclusion.
Entwicklung eines integrierten theoretischen Bezugsrahmens und Ableitung von Hypothesen zur Erklärung des Wirkungsbeitrags des Design Thinking Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg
Authors: Kiefer Iphigenie Leandra 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungWegen des zentralen Ziels der vorliegenden Arbeit, den Wirkungsbeitrag des DT Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg zu untersuchen, wurden in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln die theoretischen und konzeptionellen Grundlagen sowie die bisherigen empirischen Erkenntnisse zu den zentralen Konstrukten der MO und des DT Mindset systematisch analysiert und deren Verortung im Untersuchungskontext dargestellt. Aus dem vorgenannten Ziel ergibt sich als zentraler Anspruch an die vorliegende Untersuchung nun die Entwicklung eines integrativen Bezugsrahmens und die theoriegeleitete Ableitung von Hypothesen zur Erklärung des Wirkungsbeitrags des DT Mindsets zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg. Hierbei ist ebenso die Frage von Bedeutung, durch welche Einflussfaktoren der Wirkungszusammenhang zwischen dem DT Mindset und der MO systematisch gesteigert oder behindert wird.
Schlussbetrachtung und Ausblick
Authors: Kiefer Iphigenie Leandra 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte eine theoretisch-konzeptionelle sowie empirische Analyse des Beitrags des DT Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg. Obwohl die vorliegende Arbeit primär explikativ ausgerichtet ist, steht neben der wissenschaftlich-analytischen Durchdringung des Phänomens DT Mindset auch die branchenübergreifende, empirische Erforschung seiner unternehmensspezifischen Einflussfaktoren und Wirkungsdimensionen im Augenmerk der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die empirische Analyse liefert wertvolle Erkenntnisse, um präskriptive Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung von DT in biparadigmatischen Unternehmen ableiten zu können.
Mixing particle production for relaxion mechanism
Authors: Klangburam Tanech , Waeming Areef , Tantirangsri Predee , Samart Daris , Pongkitivanichkul Chakrit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the production of two heavy gauge bosons as a relaxation stopping mechanism. In this work, we analyse the conditions for a tachyonic mode for a linear combination of gauge bosons and show that the criteria are significantly different than the single gauge boson case. Moreover, the implementation of the mechanism on the U(1)′ model is demonstrated. We discuss various constraints for the relaxion mechanism. The phenomenology of the heavy gauge boson is also explored. We finally show a benchmark point of parameter space considering all constraints from relaxion and the U(1)′ mixing sector.
CFT correlators, $$ \mathcal{W} $$-algebras and generalized Catalan numbers
Authors: Karlsson Robin , Kulaxizi Manuela , Ng Gim Seng , Parnachev Andrei , Tadić Petar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In two spacetime dimensions the Virasoro heavy-heavy-light-light (HHLL) vacuum block in a certain limit is governed by the Catalan numbers. The equation for their generating function can be generalized to a differential equation which the logarithm of the block satisfies. We show that a similar story holds for the HHLL $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
N vacuum blocks, where a suitable generalization of the Catalan numbers plays the main role. Moreover, the $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
N blocks have the same form as the stress tensor sector of HHLL near lightcone conformal correlators in 2(N − 1) spacetime dimensions. In the latter case the Catalan numbers are generalized to the numbers of linear extensions of certain partially ordered sets.
A genome-wide cross-trait analysis identifies shared loci and causal relationships of type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Tang Bowen , Zhu Zhaozhong , Kraft Peter , Deng Qiaolin , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Jiang Xia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The link underlying abnormal glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that is independent of BMI remains unclear in observational studies. We aimed to clarify this association using a genome-wide cross-trait approach.

Methods
Summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies conducted for type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus adjusted for BMI (T2DMadjBMI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2h glucose after an oral glucose challenge (all adjusted for BMI), HbA1c and PCOS, all in populations of European ancestry, were used. We quantified overall and local genetic correlations, identified pleiotropic loci and expression–trait associations, and made causal inferences across traits.

Results
A positive overall genetic correlation between type 2 diabetes and PCOS was observed, largely influenced by BMI (rg=0.31, p=1.63×10–8) but also independent of BMI (T2DMadjBMI–PCOS: rg=0.12, p=0.03). Sixteen pleiotropic loci affecting type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits and PCOS were identified, suggesting mechanisms of association that are independent of BMI. Two shared expression–trait associations were found for type 2 diabetes/T2DMadjBMI and PCOS targeting tissues of the cardiovascular, exocrine/endocrine and digestive systems. A putative causal effect of fasting insulin adjusted for BMI and type 2 diabetes on PCOS was demonstrated.

Conclusions/interpretation
We found a genetic link underlying type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits and PCOS, driven by both biological pleiotropy and causal mediation, some of which is independent of BMI. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling fasting insulin levels to mitigate the risk of PCOS, as well as screening for and long-term monitoring of type 2 diabetes in all women with PCOS, irrespective of BMI.

Graphical abstract
Rapid aerodynamic shape optimization under uncertainty using a stochastic gradient approach
Authors: Jofre Lluís , Doostan Alireza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA common approach in aerodynamic design is to optimize a performance function—provided some constraints—defined by a choice of an aerodynamic model at nominal operating conditions. Practical experience indicates that such a deterministic approach may result in considerably sub-optimal designs when the adopted aerodynamic model does not lead to accurate predictions, or when the actual operating conditions differ from those considered in the design. One approach to address this shortcoming is to consider an average or robust design, wherein the statistical moments of the performance function, given the uncertainty in the operating conditions and the aerodynamic model, is optimized. However, when the number of uncertain inputs is large or the performance function exhibits significant variability, an accurate evaluation of these moments may require a large number of function evaluations at each optimization iteration, rendering the problem significantly expensive. To tackle this difficulty, we consider a variant of the stochastic gradient descent method where in each iteration, a stochastic approximation of the objective, constraints, and their gradients is generated. This is done via a small number of forward/adjoint solutions corresponding to random selections of the uncertainties. The methodology is applied to the robust optimization of the NACA-0012 airfoil subject to operating condition and turbulence model uncertainty. With a cost that is only a small factor larger than that of the deterministic methodology, the stochastic gradient approach significantly improves the performance of the aerodynamic design for a wide range of operating conditions and turbulence models.
Comparison of the accuracy of analytical models for basalt fiber–reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites prepared by injection molding and fused filament fabrication
Authors: Tóth Csenge , Kovács Norbert Krisztián 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe compared the accuracy of analytical models for short fiber–reinforced composites prepared by injection molding and fused filament fabrication (FFF). The microstructural features define the strength of the composites, and they are greatly dependent on the processing conditions. We collected data on fiber length, orientation, and porosity via X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and determined the critical fiber length experimentally. We used this data as input for the modified rule of mixtures and the modeling framework based on the Halpin–Tsai method, and found that the cumulative error for FFF is more than twice that for injection-molded composites. We also showed that experimentally determined matrix strength for FFF gives a lower strength limit which is applicable for engineering parts. We presented a new approach for the modeling of the tensile strength of neat FFF products, in which the printed structure is divided into contact zones and bulk material zones. The matrix strength calculated this way was found to approximate the experimental results with an error of 5%.
Neuromuscular characteristics of front and back legs in junior fencers
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Yoshimura Akane , Holobar Aleš , Yamashita Daichi , Kunugi Shun , Hirono Tetsuya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn elite fencers, muscle strength and muscle mass of the front leg (FL) are greater than those of the back leg (BL) due to characteristic physiological and biomechanical demands placed on each leg during fencing. However, the development of laterality in their neural and muscular components is not well-understood. The present study investigated neuromuscular characteristics of FL and BL in junior fencers. Nineteen junior fencers performed neuromuscular performance tests for FL and BL, separately. There were no significant differences in the isometric knee extension strength (MVC), unilateral vertical jump (UVJ), vastus lateralis muscle thickness (MT), or motor unit firing rate of the vastus lateralis muscle (MUFR) between FL and BL (p > 0.05). In subgroup analyses, a significantly greater MUFR in FL than BL was noted only in fencers with > 3 years of fencing experience, and significantly greater UVJ in FL than BL was observed solely in fencers with < 3 years of fencing experience (p < 0.05). Strong positive correlations between FL and BL were identified in MVC, MT, and MUFR in fencers with > 3 years of fencing experience, but not in those with < 3 years of experience. These findings suggest that in junior fencers, laterality in neuromuscular performance has not manifested, whereas longer fencing experience induces fencing-dependent laterality in neural components, and laterality in dynamic muscle strength is decreased with fencing experience.
Local bilinear computation of Jacobi sets
Authors: Klötzl Daniel , Krake Tim , Zhou Youjia , Hotz Ingrid , Wang Bei , Weiskopf Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel method for the computation of Jacobi sets in 2D domains. The Jacobi set is a topological descriptor based on Morse theory that captures gradient alignments among multiple scalar fields, which is useful for multi-field visualization. Previous Jacobi set computations use piecewise linear approximations on triangulations that result in discretization artifacts like zig-zag patterns. In this paper, we utilize a local bilinear method to obtain a more precise approximation of Jacobi sets by preserving the topology and improving the geometry. Consequently, zig-zag patterns on edges are avoided, resulting in a smoother Jacobi set representation. Our experiments show a better convergence with increasing resolution compared to the piecewise linear method. We utilize this advantage with an efficient local subdivision scheme. Finally, our approach is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with previous methods for different mesh resolutions and across a number of synthetic and real-world examples.
Gene expression profiling of Group 3 medulloblastomas defines a clinically tractable stratification based on KIRREL2 expression
Authors: Korshunov Andrey , Okonechnikov Konstantin , Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Delaidelli Alberto , Tonn Svenja , Mynarek Martin , Sievers Philipp , Sahm Felix , Jones David T. W. , von Deimling Andreas , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMedulloblastomas (MB) molecularly designated as Group 3 (Grp 3) MB represent a more clinically aggressive tumor variant which, as a group, displays heterogeneous molecular characteristics and disease outcomes. Reliable risk stratification of Grp 3 MB would allow for appropriate assignment of patients to aggressive treatment protocols and, vice versa, for sparing adverse effects of high-dose radio-chemotherapy in patients with standard or low-risk tumors. Here we performed RNA-based analysis on an international cohort of 179 molecularly designated Grp 3 MB treated with HIT protocols. We analyzed the clinical significance of differentially expressed genes, thereby developing optimal prognostic subdivision of this MB molecular group. We compared the transcriptome profiles of two Grp 3 MB subsets with various outcomes (76 died within the first 60 months vs. 103 survived this period) and identified 224 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between these two clinical groups (Limma R algorithm, adjusted p-value < 0.05). We selected the top six DEG overexpressed in the unfavorable cohort for further survival analysis and found that expression of all six genes strongly correlated with poor outcomes. However, only high expression of KIRREL2 was identified as an independent molecular prognostic indicator of poor patients’ survival. Based on clinical and molecular patterns, four risk categories were outlined for Grp 3 MB patients: i. low-risk: M0-1/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 low (n = 48; 5-year OS—95%); ii. standard-risk: M0-1/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 high or M2-3/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 low (n = 65; 5-year OS—70%); iii. high-risk: M2-3/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 high (n = 36; 5-year OS—30%); iv. very high risk—all MYC amplified tumors (n = 30; 5-year OS—0%). Cross-validated survival models incorporating KIRREL2 expression with clinical features allowed for the reclassification of up to 50% of Grp 3 MB patients into a more appropriate risk category. Finally, KIRREL2 immunopositivity was also identified as a predictive indicator of Grp 3 MB poor survival, thus suggesting its application as a possible prognostic marker in routine clinical settings. Our results indicate that integration of KIRREL2 expression in risk stratification models may improve Grp 3 MB outcome prediction. Therefore, simple gene and/or protein expression analyses for this molecular marker could be easily adopted for Grp 3 MB prognostication and may help in assigning patients to optimal therapeutic approaches in prospective clinical trials.
The Golgi complex: An organelle that determines urothelial cell biology in health and disease
Authors: Kreft Mateja Erdani , Mironov Alexander A. , Hudoklin Samo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Golgi complex undergoes considerable structural remodeling during differentiation of urothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. It is known that in a healthy bladder the differentiation from the basal to the superficial cell layer leads to the formation of the tightest barrier in our body, i.e., the blood–urine barrier. In this process, urothelial cells start expressing tight junctional proteins, apical membrane lipids, surface glycans, and integral membrane proteins, the uroplakins (UPs). The latter are the most abundant membrane proteins in the apical plasma membrane of differentiated superficial urothelial cells (UCs) and, in addition to well-developed tight junctions, contribute to the permeability barrier by their structural organization and by hindering endocytosis from the apical plasma membrane. By studying the transport of UPs, we were able to demonstrate their differentiation-dependent effect on the Golgi architecture. Although fragmentation of the Golgi complex is known to be associated with mitosis and apoptosis, we found that the process of Golgi fragmentation is required for delivery of certain specific urothelial differentiation cargoes to the plasma membrane as well as for cell–cell communication. In this review, we will discuss the currently known contribution of the Golgi complex to the formation of the blood–urine barrier in normal UCs and how it may be involved in the loss of the blood–urine barrier in cancer. Some open questions related to the Golgi complex in the urothelium will be highlighted.
Deep learning in the stock market—a systematic survey of practice, backtesting, and applications
Authors: Olorunnimbe Kenniy , Viktor Herna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe widespread usage of machine learning in different mainstream contexts has made deep learning the technique of choice in various domains, including finance. This systematic survey explores various scenarios employing deep learning in financial markets, especially the stock market. A key requirement for our methodology is its focus on research papers involving backtesting. That is, we consider whether the experimentation mode is sufficient for market practitioners to consider the work in a real-world use case. Works meeting this requirement are distributed across seven distinct specializations. Most studies focus on trade strategy, price prediction, and portfolio management, with a limited number considering market simulation, stock selection, hedging strategy, and risk management. We also recognize that domain-specific metrics such as “returns” and “volatility” appear most important for accurately representing model performance across specializations. Our study demonstrates that, although there have been some improvements in reproducibility, substantial work remains to be done regarding model explainability. Accordingly, we suggest several future directions, such as improving trust by creating reproducible, explainable, and accountable models and emphasizing prediction of longer-term horizons—potentially via the utilization of supplementary data—which continues to represent a significant unresolved challenge.
Attitudes Towards Evidence-Based Practice of Professionals Working with Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Bangladesh
Authors: Pervin Maleka , Hagmayer York 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLike in many lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), progress in implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been slow in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study examined professionals’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice (EBP) for children and adolescents with ASD and explored how providers’ demographic factors are related to attitudes to and adoption of EBPs in Bangladesh. The sample consisted of 150 mental health professionals and special teachers from the urban area of Dhaka. Attitudes were assessed by the Evidence-based Practice Attitude Scale-36. Findings indicated that professionals have favorable attitudes towards EBP. Their attitudes varied depending on service settings (public clinical, private clinical, and special school) and caseload per year. Professionals who work in private and special school settings claimed to be more willing to adopt an EBP when required and perceived a higher fit of EBPs and their work than those in public clinical settings. The number of different EBPs used also differed by service setting. Every type of intervention (except medication) was used by more professionals in special schools than in private and public clinical settings. Many professionals reported few barriers to the implementation of EBPs. These findings indicate conditions that are often conducive to the implementation of EBPs. However, these results do not reflect the situation in rural areas, in which poverty is more widespread and the number of specialized professionals is low.