bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swine Manure: A Geochemical Perspective
Authors: Fonstad Terry A. 
Published: October 2022

HighlightsGeochemistry of swine manure has not been previously characterized as a point source for groundwater contamination.Earthen manure storages contain a solution composed of mainly ammonium and bicarbonate.Earthen manure storages have a low redox potential resulting in ammonium as the main form of nitrogen.Abstract. This study characterized the solution chemistry of seven swine manure storages in Saskatchewan, Canada. Manure storages are considered a point source for potential contaminant transport studies and modeling. A variety of earthen manure storages at hog production facilities in Saskatchewan were sampled, including two earthen manure storages servicing farrow to finish operations, two servicing farrows to wean operations, and three servicing finishing operations. In terms of manure seepage, the species of most common concern is nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen is one of the most abundant ions studied in the earthen manure storage effluent. Potassium and sodium may be cations of concern as they will likely compete with ammonium for soil exchange sites, which will affect ammonium’s attenuation. Bicarbonate and chloride are the most abundant anions (bicarbonate &gt;&gt; chloride). High bicarbonate concentrations will likely affect the precipitation of carbonaceous minerals and may affect solution pH within seepage plumes. Earthen manure storages contain a solution composed of, as a percentage of total molal concentration, 36% ammonium, 36% bicarbonate, 8% potassium, 6% chloride, 5% sodium plus sulfate, calcium, magnesium, and other nutrients. The solution also contains approximately 6,000 mg/L organic carbon and 9,000 mg/L inorganic carbon and has a near neutral pH. As a result, the solution has low redox (Eh), resulting in nitrogen remaining in the ammonium-N form. Keywords: Geochemistry, Nutrient content, Swine manure.
Status of Spray Penetration and Deposition in Dense Field Crop Canopies
Authors: Womac Alvin R. , Ozkan Erdal , Zhu Heping , Kochendorfer John , Jeon Hongyoung 
Published: October 2022

HighlightsCrop production practices, spray drift control, and sprayer productivity affect spray penetration into dense crop canopies.Question is raised whether airflows near foliar surfaces or within the canopy can assist spray penetration under windy conditions.Current structural descriptions of canopies do not accommodate droplet trajectories to improve spray application.New nozzle tip designs, sensors, and air-assisted spraying need tuning to improve spray penetration and deposition.Abstract. The objective of this study was to review representative publications for improved knowledge of spraying dense field crop canopies to augment the current understanding of the interaction between target foliage characteristics, spray practices, and the environment. Emphasis was placed on measured deep-canopy spray deposits made by full-scale sprayers and studies of airflow within and around crop canopies. Airflow could act as a spray droplet carrier and/or indicator of the internal canopy structure that restricts droplet penetration. High variation in natural airflows was noted in several studies. Crop canopy descriptions for spray studies were generally limited to overall canopy/row dimensions, descriptions of individual plant structures, leaf shapes, and leaf area index. Few studies evaluated the internal canopy “openness” with characteristic shape and size of internal volumes that would accommodate spray droplet trajectories. There have been significant increases in available spray tip designs with multiple orifices, discharge configurations, and droplet sizes that offered the applicator many choices. Advanced sprayer technologies ranging from nozzle control to sensor navigation are available, provided that suitable algorithms can be developed in a timely manner that pertain to a wide variety of spray and crop conditions. The air-assist technique provides a dynamic alternative to traditional over-the-top sprays for increasing spray penetration and deposit, advocating that the specifics of air discharge, spray droplet sizes, and canopy structure can be integrated. The complexity of the spraying process needs an extensive collaborative effort of many stakeholders to develop solutions for sprays to penetrate foliage that is subject to diseases and pests. Keywords: Air-assisted sprayer, Airflow, Boom sprayer, Canopy openness, Droplet trajectory, Foliar canopy, Foliar density, Row crops, Spray blockage, Spray coverage, Spray deposit, Spray nozzles.
The Effects of Multiple Parameters on Initial Apparent Viscosity and Rheological Behavior in a Liquid-Phase Paddy Field
Authors: Sun Lunqing , Pan Yuxuan , Wang Yongwei , Xiao Keling , Wang Jun , Zhao Yiyang , Liao Yangxuan 
Published: October 2022

HighlightsSoil rheological properties in the liquid phase under various clay contents, moisture contents, and settling times were investigated.A numerical model of the initial apparent viscosity was established and verified.The change in soil rheological behavior at different rotating speeds was analyzed.Abstract. It is particularly important to study the rheological properties and rheological behavior of liquid-phase paddy soil to improve the working efficiency of power machinery in paddy fields. In this research, a rotational rheometer was used to record the shear stress, shear rate, and apparent viscosity of the soil during the test. Additionally, a numerical model was established to explore the effects of soil clay content, moisture content, and settling time on soil rheological properties. Through single factor analysis, the contribution rate of each factor to the change in the initial apparent soil viscosity was ranked as follows: moisture content (X2) &gt; soil clay content (X1) &gt; settling time (X3). Subsequently, the variations in shear stress and apparent viscosity at different shear rates were explored. The changing trend of soil rheological behavior was mainly related to soil texture, in which silty loam was thixotropic and clay loam was gelatinous. The prediction models for the initial apparent viscosity were validated, and the results showed great agreement. The research evaluated and predicted the rheological behavior of liquid-phase paddy field soil and provides a reference for the design, development, and use of paddy field power machinery. Keywords: Apparent viscosity, Clay content, Moisture content, Rheology, Settling time, Shear stress.
Advanced stage presentation and its determinant factors among colorectal cancer patients in Amhara regional state Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Wassie Mulugeta , Beshah Debrework Tesgera , Tiruneh Yenework Mulu 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Nowadays, the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasing in the world, particularly in developing nations. This could be related to the poor prognosis of the disease due to late presentation at diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. In Ethiopia, studies related to the stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis and its determinants are limited. Therefore, the study was intended to assess advanced stage presentation and its associated factors among colorectal cancer patients in northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based retrospective study was conducted among 367 CRC patients at two oncologic centers (the University of Gondar and Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospitals) from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. Data were entered into EPi-data 4.2.0.0 and transferred to STATA version 14 statistical software for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. All variables with P-value < 0.2 during bi-variable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05.

Results
The magnitude of advanced stage presentation of colorectal cancer was 83.1%. Being rural dwellers (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.8,7.2), not medically insured (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.9,7.8), patients delay (AOR = 6.5; 95% CI:3.2, 13.3), recurrence of the disease (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1,4.7), and no comorbidity illness (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.1, 9.1) were predictors of advanced stage presentation of CRC.

Conclusion
The current study revealed that the advanced-stage presentation of colorectal cancer patients was high. It is recommended that the community shall be aware of the signs and symptoms of the disease using different media, giving more emphasis to the rural community, expanding health insurance, and educating patients about the recurrence chance of the disease. Moreover, expansion of colorectal treatment centers and screening of colorectal cancer should be given emphasis.
Cortical auditory evoked potential in cochlear implant users: An objective method to improve speech perception
Authors: Távora-Vieira Dayse , Wedekind Andre , Ffoulkes Ellen , Voola Marcus , Marino Roberta 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate if cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) measures can be used to verify the cochlear implant (CI) map and consequently improve CI outcomes in adults with bilateral hearing loss.DesignCAEPs were measured in CI recipients using the speech tokens /m/, /g/, /t/ and /s/. If CAEP responses were present for all speech tokens, the participant’s map was considered “satisfactory”. If CAEP responses were absent, the CI map was considered “unsatisfactory” and therefore adjusted and CAEP measures repeated. This was repeated until auditory potentials were seen in response to all four speech tokens. Speech testing was conducted pre-CI, as well as before and after CAEP-guided map adjustments.Results108 adult unilateral CI users participated, whose sound processors were previously programmed using subjective methods. 42 CI users elicited a CAEP response to all four speech tokens and therefore no further mapping adjustments were made. 66 subjected lacked a CAEP response to at least one speech token and had their CI map adjusted accordingly. Of those, 31 showed a CAEP response to all four speech tokens, and the average speech score significantly improved after CI map adjustments based on CAEP responses.ConclusionCAEP’s are an objective tool that can be used to guide and verify CI mapping in adults CI users. Significant improvement in speech scores was observed in participants who had their CI map adjusted based on CAEP responses.
Frailty independently predicts unfavorable discharge in non-operative traumatic brain injury: A retrospective single-institution cohort study
Authors: Sastry Rahul A. , Feler Josh R. , Shao Belinda , Ali Rohaid , McNicoll Lynn , Telfeian Albert E. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Weil Robert J. , Gokaslan Ziya L. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes in traumatically injured geriatric patients but has not been well-studied in geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Objective
To assess relationships between frailty and outcomes after TBI

Methods
The records of all patients aged 70 or older admitted from home to the neurosurgical service of a single institution for non-operative TBI between January 2020 and July 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was adverse discharge disposition (either in-hospital expiration or discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF), hospice, or home with hospice). Secondary outcomes included major inpatient complication, 30-day readmission, and length of stay.

Results
100 patients were included, 90% of whom presented with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) 14–15. The mean length of stay was 3.78 days. 7% had an in-hospital complication, and 44% had an unfavorable discharge destination. 49% of patients attended follow-up within 3 months. The rate of readmission within 30 days was 13%. Patients were characterized as low frailty (FRAIL score 0–1, n = 35, 35%) or high frailty (FRAIL score 2–5, n = 65, 65%). In multivariate analysis controlling for age and other factors, frailty category (aOR 2.63, 95CI [1.02, 7.14], p = 0.005) was significantly associated with unfavorable discharge. Frailty was not associated with increased readmission rate, LOS, or rate of complications on uncontrolled univariate analyses.

Conclusion
Frailty is associated with increased odds of unfavorable discharge disposition for geriatric patients admitted with TBI.
Numerical Modeling of Biogeochemical Carbon Cycles in Swamp Ecosystems
Authors: Dyukarev E.A. , Semenov S.P. 
Published: October 2022

A dynamic model of biogeochemical carbon cycles in swamp ecosystems is proposed. There are fast and slow biogeochemical cycles. Fast cycles operate in the biosphere and include photosynthesis, vegetative growth, and decomposition. Swamp ecosystems are one of the significant reservoirs of biogeochemical cycles. It is known that huge reserves of carbon in the form of slightly decomposed organic matter are preserved in the swamps. They are active sources of methane and carbon dioxide runoff from the atmosphere.
Mathematical models of dynamic processes in ecology can be divided into two categories: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative models, as a rule, are aimed at solving problems of predicting numerical indicators of the dynamics of real systems. They must be modified to consider specific climatic conditions, special types of swamp vegetation, and hydrological regime for their successful application.
Qualitative models written as systems of differential equations assume the finding of singular points, their classification and study for stability, the construction of phase portraits, etc. Such models rarely lend themselves to quantitative verification, but provide important knowledge and understanding of processes in nature. A qualitative study of the system of ordinary differential equations describing carbon cycles is carried out, the types of singular points are investigated, integral curves and phase portraits are constructed.
On Some Properties of a Quadrilateral Whose Vertices are Remarkable Points of the Triangle
Authors: Maltsev Yu.N. , Petrov E.P. 
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the geometry of a triangle, in particular, to the study of the relative position of well-defined remarkable points of a non-isosceles triangle ABC, where H, I, G, O, N are the orthocenter of the triangle, the center of the inscribed circle, the center of gravity, the center of the circumscribed circle, respectively, and the Nagel point. We prove the following main results: the quadrilateral HNOI is a trapezoid whose diagonals intersect at the point G, HN is parallel to IO, HI is not parallel to NO, and angle HIO > 90°; in the trapezoid HNOI one of the angles is equal to 90° if and only if p2 = 2R2 + 10Rr - r2, wherep, r, R are respectively the semiperimeter, radii of the inscribed and circumscribed circles; necessary and sufficient conditions are found when a circle can be described near the trapezoid HNOI; a circle cannot be inscribed in the trapezoid HNOI; the trapezoid HNOI is not orthodiagonal; the area of the trapezoid HNOI is found, expressed in terms of the parameters p, r, R of the original triangle ABC. The results obtained in the article can be used when reading various courses in Olympiad mathematics, can be useful for high school students and teachers of gymnasiums with in-depth study of mathematics.
A Sufficient Condition for a Curve to Belong to Boundary of its Own Convex Hullin An
Authors: Polikanova I.V. 
Published: October 2022

The paper discusses some generalizations of the convex curve and the relationship between the classes of curves they define.
The main result concerns the curves in n-dimensional affine space An: a non-degenerate curve in An lies on the boundary of its convex hull if any hyperplane intersects it in at most n points. It is justified by the theory of convex sets. This statement generalizes an earlier (2014) result of the author concerning the curves that are compact sets in An. V. Gustin proved in 1947 a stronger theorem for a Euclidean space En of dimension n: a connected set intersected by any hyperplane at no more than n points is a simple continuous curve lying on the boundary of a convex set. Note that in a projective space of dimension n the requirement that the curve intersects all planes at no more than n points is included in the definition of a convex curve. Thus, the established fact, together with the result of V. Gustin, shows the contiguity of the concepts of convexity in all three spaces.
Siyasal akımlarda yaşam boyu öğrenme
Authors: Birkök M. Cüneyt 
Published: October 2022

ÖzetYaşam boyu öğrenme esasen bireyin tüm hayatını ve alanları kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda siyasal alanda da yaşam boyu öğrenimin nasıl gerçekleştirildiği araştırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada siyasal yelpaze üzerinde çeşitli akımlar gösterilerek içerikleri itibariyle yaşam boyu eğitim açısından değerlendirmeleri yapılmaktadır. Sosyal gelişme ile birlikte yaşam boyu öğrenme ihtiyacı giderek artmaktadır. Bu olgunun en somut göstergelerinden biri siyasal akımların da giderek demokratikleşmesi ve liberalleşmesidir. Bireyin eğitim kurumları dışında ve sosyal hareketler içinde bir öğrenmenin gerçekleşmesi tarihsel bir olgudur.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Siyasal Akımlar; Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme; Demokrasi, Bireysellik

Abstract
Lifelong learning essentially covers the whole life and fields of the individual. In this context, how lifelong learning is realized in the political sphere should be investigated. In this study, various movements on the political spectrum are presented and evaluated in terms of lifelong learning in terms of their content. The need for lifelong learning is increasing parallel to social development. One of the most concrete indicators of this phenomenon is the increasing democratization and liberalization of political movements. The realization of learning outside educational institutions and within social movements is a historical phenomenon.
Keywords: Political Movements; Lifelong Learning; Democracy, Individuality
Norwid według Krasińskiego, czyli zawód nieproszonego wychowawcy
Authors: Fiećko Jerzy 
Published: October 2022

Autor przedstawia rozwój relacji między Zygmuntem Krasińskim i Cyprianem Norwidem, eksponując i komentując przede wszystkim punkt widzenia pierwszego z tych pisarzy, wyrażany w listach do wielu adresatów. Wskazuje na przyczyny rozczarowania Krasińskiego, który próbował zająć w stosunku do Norwida postawę mentora literackiego i duchowego przewodnika. Autor Irydiona wywierał presję na rzecz zmiany stylu u młodszego przyjaciela, zarzucał mu nadmiar wieloznaczności, „ciemność mowy”, która utrudnia zrozumienie sensu myślowego ambitnych dzieł poetyckich. Norwid tę krytykę odrzucił, bronił prawa do indywidualizacji stylu i języka, przyjmował założenie, że literatura musi zmuszać czytelnika do wysiłku indywidualnego i czynnego odbioru dzieła sztuki. Autor stawia tezę, iż w sporze tym ujawniły się fundamentalne różnice w podejściu do reguł tworzenia, Krasiński odwoływał się bowiem do idei poety-wieszcza i przewodnika, charakterystycznej dla pierwszej generacji romantyków, natomiast Norwid wykraczał poza romantyczny standard.
Stability of the ball under volume preserving fractional mean curvature flow
Authors: Cesaroni Annalisa , Novaga Matteo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider the volume constrained fractional mean curvature flow of a nearly spherical set and prove long time existence and asymptotic convergence to a ball.
The result applies in particular to convex initial data under the assumption of global existence.
Similarly, we show exponential convergence to a constant for the fractional mean curvature flow of a periodic graph.
An uncertainty measure based on Pearson correlation as well as a multiscale generalized Shannon-based entropy with financial market applications
Authors: Koushki Ali , Osoolian Mohammad , Sadeghi Sharif Seyed Jalal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this research, we intended to employ the Pearson correlation and a multiscale generalized Shannon-based entropy to trace the transition and type of inherent mutual information as well as correlation structures simultaneously. An optimal value for scale is found to prevent over smoothing, which leads to the removal of useful information. The lowest Singular Value Decomposition Multiscale Generalized Cumulative Residual Entropy (SVDMWGCRE), or SVD Entropy (SVDE), is obtained for periodic–chaotic series, generated by logistic map; hence, the different dynamic, correlation structures, and intrinsic mutual information have been characterized correctly. It is found out that the mutual information between emerging markets entails higher sensitivity, and moreover emerging markets have demonstrated the highest uncertainty among investigated markets. Additionally, the fractional order has synergistic effects on the enhancement of sensitivity with the multiscale feature. According to the logistic map and financial time series results, it can be inferred that the logistic map can be utilized as a financial time series. Further investigations can be performed in other fields through this financial simulation. The temporal evolutions of financial markets are also investigated. Although the results demonstrated higher noisy information for emerging markets, it was illustrated that emerging markets are getting more efficient over time. Additionally, the temporal investigations have demonstrated long-term lag and synchronous phases between developed and emerging markets. We also focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and compared the reactions of developing and emerging markets. It is ascertained that emerging markets have demonstrated higher uncertainty and overreaction to this pandemic.
circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
Authors: Li Ya , Li Fangfang , Wang Yaya , Song Fangyu , Qi Lin , Hu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to unveil the detailed role and new mechanism of circ-LIMK1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression of circ-LIMK1, miR-512-5p, and HMGA1. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay was employed to test the half maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin (DDP). Western blot was used to measure the expression of HMGA1, multidrug resistance protein 1, mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and tube formation assay were performed to analyze cell functions. Animal models were established to assay the role of circ-LIMK1 in vivo. The expression of circ-LIMK1 was up-regulated in DDP-resistant tumor tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ-LIMK1 reduced DDP resistance, impaired cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. circ-LIMK1 targeted miR-512-5p, and HMGA1 was targeted by miR-512-5p. MiR-512-5p absence could restore the repressive effects of circ-LIMK1 knockdown on lung adenocarcinoma cell phenotypes. Overexpression of HMGA1 could restore the inhibitory effects of miR-512-5p enrichment on lung adenocarcinoma cell malignant phenotypes. Knockdown of circ-LIMK1 could reduce growth of DDP-resistant tumors in vivo. Collectively, circ-LIMK1 regulated DDP resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis.