bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Kacang Ratu BW) supplementation for reducing cholesterol and improving quality of carcass and meat of hybrid duck
Authors: Suwignyo Bambang , Rini Eprilia Aristia , Wahyudi Ukad , Suryanto Edi , Rusman  , Suhartanto Bambang 
Published: November 2022

Context Duck meat is a good source of protein (21.4%) but it is high in cholesterol, with a standard range of 125–200 mg/dL. Alfalfa is a legume that contains saponins, which have been shown to reduce the cholesterol content of meat. Aim We aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa on the weight of the internal organs and carcass, the physicochemical quality of meat, and the cholesterol of hybrid ducks in Indonesia. Methods Ninety 1-day-old Indonesian hybrid ducks were fed basal rations supplemented with 0% (control), 3%, or 6% fresh alfalfa (n = 5 per group), calculated on a dry matter basis. Five replicates were made for each dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were administered to the ducks from 8 to 35 days of age. The parameters measured were the internal organ weight, carcass quality (live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat), physicochemical quality of meat (water content, crude protein, crude fat, pH, water holding capacity [WHC], cooking loss, and tenderness), and the cholesterol content of the liver, breast meat, thigh meat, and blood (including the high-density lipoprotein/HDL and low-density lipoprotein/LDL). Analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests determined the significance of results. Key results Supplementation of rations with up to 6% of alfalfa did not significantly affect the weight of the internal organs, but reduced the cholesterol content in the liver, meat, and blood. In addition, the physicochemical parameter of alfalfa supplementation in the rations, up to a level of 6%, had no effect on carcass quality, moisture content, crude protein or pH of hybrid duck meat. Moreover, supplementation with 6% of alfalfa significantly reduced the LDL levels while increasing the HDL and affecting crude fat, WHC, cooking loss, and tenderness of hybrid ducks. Conclusions Supplementation with up to 6% of alfalfa did not affect the weight of key internal digestive organs, but reduced the cholesterol content, and increased the HDL levels of blood. Alfalfa supplementation affected the physicochemical quality of hybrid duck meat. However, the optimum level (production parameters observation) of alfalfa supplementation in the diet was at 3%. Implications Hybrid duck meat exhibits lower cholesterol, higher HDL, and lower LDL when the diet is supplemented with alfalfa, whereas other parameters were largely unchanged.
Response particles and verbal identity
Authors: Lipták Anikó 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper revisits theVerbal Identity Requirementon V-stranding ellipsis in Hungarian, and argues that verb movement out of an ellipsis site does not require the verb to be lexically identical to its antecedent in contexts where emphasis is on the polarity. By showing that lexical identity need not be satisfied in case V-stranding is accompanied by a response particle, we argue that whenever the response particle is missing the preference for identity is not triggered by ellipsis in this language, but is due to a pragmatic inference.
The legal status of languages / ‘languages’ that emerged from Serbo-Croatian
Authors: Djordjević Ljubica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the break-up of Yugoslavia, and following the ideology of nationalism and the aspired match between state, nation, and language, Serbo-Croatian fragmented into four languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The paper deals with the legal aspects of the fragmentation of Serbo-Croatian in the four countries concerned, exploring the impacts of provisions relating to the official language on the status of the languages in question and their speakers. The central argument is that by fully ignoring mutual intelligibility (or even the same linguistic foundation) between the four languages, the legal provisions are inadequate to deal with this specific linguistic situation; in essence, they are intolerant and exclusive (thus underpinning ethnic divisions in the region), and they also lead to some trivial situations such as ‘translation’ in official communications. The paper pleads for a more sophisticated approach, which while acknowledging the symbolic aspects of language and existing ethnic diversity, at the same time is able to accommodate the linguistic reality.
When language rights are not enough
Authors: McDermott Philip , Nic Craith Mairéad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article posits a new framework in relation to language rights in post-conflict settings, giving a key position to dialogue, which we see as a multidimensional process central in most reconciliation processes. Yet this notion is seldom utilised with regard to language rights, and subsequently in language policies. Instead, powerful stakeholders such as governments or transnational organisations often consider the introduction of language rights as ‘enough’ to resolve language disputes. We discuss the impact of this in a variety of settings, arguing that a static interpretation of language rights, such as in the text of a peace agreement or a constitution, is not sufficient. The application of language rights without follow-on dialogue can antagonise rather than reconcile the very disputes they claim to settle. We argue that a more fluid consideration is required that captures the complex and changing dynamics of linguistic identities in the volatile context of a peace process. A neglected aspect in the debate on language rights in post-conflict settings is the way dialogue can, over time, alter the relationship language communities have with their own language and potentially with the language of their ‘other’. We draw on international examples that indicate dialogue should be a central consideration in post-conflict settings at all levels, from transnational organisations to governments’ national policies, and finally to grassroots initiatives within and across communities.
Language policies as a conflict prevention tool
Authors: Rotta Alessandro , Balan Slava 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article outlines the approach of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to matters related to the use of language, assessing its consistency. Language is a major identity marker and as such can become a contentious issue in multi-ethnic societies. Questions revolving around the use of language can catalyse fights around distribution of power within States. They can also become a source of conflict and tensions between States, requiring the attention of international organizations such as the OSCE. Conversely, sound language policies can be instrumental in defusing tensions and strengthen the cohesion of diverse societies. Since its inception thirty years ago, the HCNM has devised a framework for developing balanced language policies as an instrument for conflict prevention. In the HCNM experience, the promotion and use of minority languages needs to be balanced by the adoption and promotion of one or more official languages. The article argues that the HCNM approach relies on the ‘positive’ securitization of linguistic rights, and proves that through its thematic recommendations the HCNM has embarked on a mission of addressing languages and minorities through inclusion and integration, as an approach to build a win-win model of global and regional security.
Mixed methods research in ISLA
Authors: Sato Masatoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the potential of mixed methods research (MMR) for conducting robust ISLA research to understand complex second language (L2) learning phenomena in instructed settings. MMR provides researchers with a pragmatic framework to answer research questions by mixing quantitative and qualitative approaches during data collection, analysis, and integration. In this chapter, I will first discuss how MMR can counter ISLA’s unique methodological challenges by zeroing in on the importance of the relationship between research and practice. I will then examine the three core MMR designs proposed by Creswell and Plano Clark (2018): convergent, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential. As a key to successful MMR, I will focus on integration of quantitative and qualitative components in writing a manuscript for publication. In conclusion, I argue that a successful MMR ISLA study carefully balances internal and ecological validity to maintain its scientific rigor, while incorporating teachers’ and students’ voices and experiences into the study.
Contributing to the advancement of the field:
Authors: Kim YouJin , Gurzynski-Weiss Laura 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this final chapter, we share suggestions for developing ISLA research that informs pedagogy and vice-versa, particularly focusing on the importance of training ISLA researchers, promoting collaboration among various stakeholders, and disseminating ISLA research to a larger audience. First, we highlight the importance of connecting ISLA research and L2 pedagogy. We argue for the benefits of collaboration between ISLA researchers, program directors, teacher trainers, and classroom teachers, and share practical guidelines for promoting mutual benefits. Second, we share insights into how to disseminate ISLA research meaningfully both within and beyond academia. In terms of washback of ISLA research, we discuss answers to the “so what?” question, which include steps to follow after conducting ISLA research. We also provide detailed guidance with examples on how to write up ISLA research manuscripts and discuss various venues to share your research with the purpose of making an impact in the real world. We end the chapter and thus the volume with future directions for ISLA research in terms of different research methodologies and ways to maximize the robustness of your design and therefore the impact of your ISLA research on L2 pedagogy, our ultimate aim in the field.
Interaction between grammatical accuracy and syntactic complexity at different proficiency levels
Authors: Thewissen Jennifer , Anishchanka Alena V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This learner corpus study tracks the development and interactional dynamics between grammatical accuracy (GrA) and syntactic complexity (SC) at four Common European Framework proficiency levels (intermediate and advanced levels B1/B2/C1/C2). Data from the International Corpus of Learner English (Granger et al. 2020) were error-tagged and submitted to the automatic L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (Lu 2010). Interaction between B1 and B2 is characterised by a competitive relationship between GrA and SC, with the most marked improvement displayed in accuracy. Development between B2 and C1 displays subtle shifts, with GrA improving slightly and SC showing mild signs of reorganisation. Between C1 and C2, a more supportive relationship appears: SC shows the most marked signs of development, with GrA continuing to subtly improve.
Effect of sound pressure levels on problem-solving abilities with the mediation of personality traits
Authors: Fallah Madvari Rohollah , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Jafari Nodoushan Mahdi , Askari Jafar , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Raiszade Dashtaki Marziye 
Published: November 2022

Objective
Noise can cause distraction and mental dysfunction. In examining the effects of noise, it is important to pay attention to personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise exposure on problem-solving ability with the mediating role of personality type.

Method
This laboratory study was performed on 40 students. For this study, the recorded noise from the industry environment was broadcast to the volunteers and the students were exposed to different sound pressure levels (33, 75, 85 and 95 dBA). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to assess personality type. Problem-solving abilities of students were assessed using the London Tower test. Data analysis was performed in version 22 of SPSS software.

Results
The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between different levels of noise pressure and students’ problem-solving ability so with increasing sound pressure level, problem-solving ability decreases (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between personality type and problem-solving ability (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Considering the effect of noise on mental performance, noise control in work positions that require attention and processing of mental information is necessary.
Thermally induced fluctuations of spin accumulation in lateral spin-valve structures and impact on noise
Authors: Strelkov Nikita , Vedyaev Anatoly , Ryzhanova Natalia , Dieny Bernard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gradient of spin accumulation in spintronic devices such as lateral spin-valves allows to generate pure spin-current without charge-current. Spin accumulation is an out-of-equilibrium magnetization in which thermal fluctuations can occur. These fluctuations may constitute a source of noise in lateral spin-valve structures. In this study, the thermally induced fluctuations of the vector of spin-accumulation were investigated theoretically in diffusive regime. It is shown that paramagnetic resonance may arise in the spin-current carrying channel due to electron-electron interactions and exchange splitting induced by the spin-accumulation. This leads to an effect that was not previously considered: resonant increase of the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic channel material and an associated decrease in signal-to-noise ratio around the resonance frequency. Frequency dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated analytically in the case of a specific T-shaped lateral spin-valve structures. It was shown however that this noise caused by thermally induced fluctuations in spin-accumulation is generally negligible in comparison to other sources of noise present in lateral spin-valves such as Johnson noise or thermal fluctuations of magnetization in the magnetic electrodes.
Band-gap and strain engineering in GeSn alloys using post-growth pulsed laser melting
Authors: Steuer O , Schwarz D , Oehme M , Schulze J , Mączko H , Kudrawiec R , Fischer I A , Heller R , Hübner R , Khan M M , Georgiev Y M , Zhou S , Helm M , Prucnal S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The pseudomorphic growth of Ge1−x
Sn
x
on Ge causes in-plane compressive strain, which degrades the superior properties of the Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloys. Therefore, efficient strain engineering is required. In this article, we present strain and band-gap engineering in Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloys grown on Ge a virtual substrate using post-growth nanosecond pulsed laser melting (PLM). Micro-Raman and x-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the initial in-plane compressive strain is removed. Moreover, for PLM energy densities higher than 0.5 J cm−2, the Ge0.89Sn0.11 layer becomes tensile strained. Simultaneously, as revealed by Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy investigations and XRD the crystalline quality and Sn-distribution in PLM-treated Ge0.89Sn0.11 layers are only slightly affected. Additionally, the change of the band structure after PLM is confirmed by low-temperature photoreflectance measurements. The presented results prove that post-growth ns-range PLM is an effective way for band-gap and strain engineering in highly-mismatched alloys.
Biaxial strain improving carrier mobility for inorganic perovskite: ab initio Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Cao Shuo , Su Ye , Song Ke-Ke , Qian Ping , Yan Yu , Shi Li-Bin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskites have attracted interest due to their high efficiency and low cost. Considering the uncertainty of experimental measurements, it was important to predict the upper limit of carrier mobility. In this study, the ab initio Boltzmann transport equation, including all electron–phonon interactions, was used to accurately predict the mobilities of CsPbI3, CsSnI3, CsPbBr3, and CsSnBr3. Using the iterative Boltzmann transport equation (IBTE), the calculated mobility for CsPbI3 is µ

e
= 512/µ

h
= 379 cm2 V−1 s−1, and Sn-based perovskite exhibited high hole mobility. The longitudinal optical phonons associated with the stretching between halogen anions and divalent metal cations were revealed to be the dominant scattering source for the carriers. Furthermore, the effect of biaxial strain on mobility was investigated. We observed that biaxial compressive strain could improve the mobility of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3. Surprisingly, under a compressive strain of

−
2
%

, the mobilities of CsPbI3 using IBTE approach were improved to µ

e
= 1176/µ

h
= 936 cm2 V−1 s−1. It was revealed that the compressive strain could decrease the effective mass of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3.
Transmission across non-Hermitian

-symmetric quantum dots and ladders
Authors: Soori Abhiram , Sivakumar M , Subrahmanyam V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A non-Hermitian (NH) region connected to semi-infinite Hermitian lattices acts either as a source or as a sink and the probability current is not conserved in a scattering typically. Even a

-symmetric region that contains both a source and a sink does not lead to current conservation plainly. We propose a model and study the scattering across a NH

-symmetric two-level quantum dot (QD) connected to two semi-infinite one-dimensional lattices in a special way so that the probability current is conserved. Aharonov–Bohm type phases are included in the model, which arise from magnetic fluxes (

ℏ

ϕ

L

/

e
,

ℏ

ϕ

R

/

e

) through two loops in the system. We show that when

ϕ
L

=

ϕ
R

, the probability current is conserved. We find that the transmission across the QD can be perfect in the

-unbroken phase (corresponding to real eigenenergies of the isolated QD) whereas the transmission is never perfect in the

-broken phase (corresponding to purely imaginary eigenenergies of the QD). The two transmission peaks have the same width only for special values of the fluxes (being odd multiples of

π
ℏ

/

2
e

). In the broken phase, the transmission peak is surprisingly not at zero energy. We give an insight into this feature through a four-site toy model. We extend the model to a

-symmetric ladder connected to two semi-infinite lattices. We show that the transmission is perfect in unbroken phase of the ladder due to Fabry–Pérot type interference, that can be controlled by tuning the chemical potential. In the broken phase of the ladder, the transmission is substantially suppressed.
Predicting defect stability and annealing kinetics in two-dimensional PtSe2 using steepest entropy ascent quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Younis Aimen , Baniasadi Fazel , von Spakovsky Michael R , Reynolds Jr William T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework was used to calculate the stability of a collection of point defects in 2D PtSe2 and predict the kinetics with which defects rearrange during thermal annealing. The framework provides a non-equilibrium, ensemble-based framework with a self-consistent link between mechanics (both quantum and classical) and thermodynamics. It employs an equation of motion derived from the principle of steepest entropy ascent (maximum entropy production) to predict the time evolution of a set of occupation probabilities that define the states of a system undergoing a non-equilibrium process. The system is described by a degenerate energy landscape of eigenvalues, and the entropy is found from the occupation probabilities and the eigenlevel degeneracies. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to identify the structure and distribution of point defects observed experimentally in a 2D PtSe2 film. A catalog of observed defects includes six unique point defects (vacancies and anti-site defects on Pt and Se sublattices) and twenty combinations of multiple point defects in close proximity. The defect energies were estimated with density functional theory, while the degeneracies, or density of states, for the 2D film with all possible combinations or arrangements of cataloged defects was constructed using a non-Markovian Monte-Carlo approach (i.e. the Replica–Exchange–Wang–Landau algorithm (Vogel et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
110 210603)) with a q-state Potts model. The energy landscape and associated degeneracies were determined for a 2D PtSe2 film two molecules thick and

30
×
30

unit cells in area (total of 5400 atoms). The SEAQT equation of motion was applied to the energy landscape to determine how an arbitrary density and arrangement of the six defect types evolve during annealing. Two annealing processes were modeled: heating from 77 K (−196

∘

C) to 523 K (250 ∘C) and isothermal annealing at 523 K. The SEAQT framework predicted defect configurations, which were consistent with experimental STM images.
In situ monitoring the productivity of ultra-small gold nanoparticles generated by pulsed-laser ablation of a high-speed rotating gold target in pure water
Authors: Mansour Yehia , Battie Yann , Naciri Aotmane En , Chaoui Nouari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the productivity of ultra-small gold nanoparticles generated by pulsed-laser ablation in liquid of a high-speed rotating gold target as functions of laser ablation time and rotation speed of the target in the range 90–3000 rpm. These experiments were performed by in situ monitoring the extinction spectra of the gold colloidal suspension. The time evolution of the gold volume fraction in the colloidal suspension of the target was determined by modeling the extinction spectra using the shape distribution effective medium theory. The time dependence of the ablation rate, deduced from that of the volume fraction, shows an initial exponential decay followed by a steady-state value at longer ablation time. The influence of the laser-induced roughening of the target surface on the time evolution of the ablation rate is clearly demonstrated. The experimental results also reveal the dependence of the time evolution of the ablation rate of the target on its rotation speed. The effect of the liquid flow on the ablation rate of the target is analyzed and discussed.
Influence of anti-reflection coatings on double GaAs/Si heterojunction layers in Si solar cells
Authors: Singh Bhim , Gupta Vivek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, a c-Si solar cell with double GaAs/Si heterojunction layers is simulated using PC1D simulation software. Optimization of the thickness and doping concentration of different layers of the solar cell is carried out. The impact of six different anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) on solar cell efficiency is investigated. Texturing of the front surface is carried out before studying the effect of ARCs. The simulation shows an increase in efficiency around 1.87% is achieved after applying an ARC of optimum thickness. Double-layer ARCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 17.41% in solar cells, which was about 15.54% without the coating. The effects of ARCs on the voltage, current, efficiency and reflectance are also studied in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 1200 nm. The maximum voltage, current and efficiency of the cells are achieved when the thicknesses of the ARCs are optimized at a wavelength of 600 nm.