bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of the photodermatoses with meta‐analysis of the prevalence of polymorphic light eruption
Authors: Burfield Laura , Rutter Kirsty J. , Thompson Bridie , Marjanovic Elizabeth J. , Neale Rachel E. , Rhodes Lesley E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInformation about the prevalence of photodermatoses is lacking, despite their substantial impact on life quality. Our objective was to systematically review the literature to establish what is known regarding prevalence and incidence of photodermatoses. We searched Medline, CINAHL and Embase from inception to 2021 to identify original population‐based studies in English literature reporting the prevalence and/or incidence of photodermatoses. Information was extracted according to geographical location and risk of bias was assessed using a 10‐point risk of bias tool for prevalence studies. Primary outcome was the population prevalence of photodermatoses. Prevalence data for polymorphic light eruption (PLE) were used to calculate the global pooled prevalence of PLE. Twenty‐six studies were included; 15 reported prevalence of photodermatoses based on samples of the general population and 11 on prevalence and/or incidence from national and international registry data. The general population studies involved PLE (nine studies), unspecified photosensitivity (2), actinic prurigo (2), juvenile spring eruption (1), chronic actinic dermatitis (1) and variegate porphyria (1), while registry studies reported on cutaneous porphyrias and genophotodermatoses (nine and two studies, respectively). Worldwide the prevalence of PLE between countries ranged from 0.65% (China) to 21.4% (Ireland). The pooled estimated prevalence of PLE was 10% (95% CI 6%–15%) among the general population (n = 19,287), and PLE prevalence increased with distance from the equator (r = 0.78,p < 0.001). While several photodermatoses are rare, photosensitivity can be prevalent at wide‐ranging world locations, including Egypt where photosensitivity was found in 4% of children and 10% of adults. This study showed that PLE is highly prevalent in many populations and that its prevalence shows a highly significant correlation with increasing northerly or southerly latitude. Available population‐based studies for photodermatoses suggest they can be prevalent at a range of world locations; more attention is required to this area.
Skin microbiome and its association with host cofactors in determining atopic dermatitis severity
Authors: Rauer Luise , Reiger Matthias , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Brunner Patrick M. , Krueger James G. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Neumann Avidan U. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory skin disease linked to skin microbiome dysbiosis with reduced bacterial diversity and elevated relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the yet incompletely understood association between the skin microbiome and patients' demographic and clinical cofactors in relation to AD severity.MethodsThe skin microbiome in 48 adult moderate‐to‐severe AD patients was investigated using next‐generation deep sequencing (16S rRNA gene, V1–V3 region) followed by denoising (DADA2) to obtain amplicon sequence variant (ASV) composition.ResultsIn lesional skin, AD severity was associated with S. aureus relative abundance (rS = 0.53, p < 0.001) and slightly better with the microbiome diversity measure Evenness (rS = −0.58, p < 0.001), but not with Richness. Multiple regression confirmed the association of AD severity with microbiome diversity, including Shannon (in lesional skin, p < 0.001), Evenness (in non‐lesional skin, p = 0.015) or S. aureus relative abundance (p < 0.012), and with patient's IgE levels (p < 0.001), race (p < 0.032), age (p < 0.034) and sex (p = 0.012). The lesional model explained 62% of the variation in AD severity, and the non‐lesional model 50% of the variation.ConclusionsOur results specify the frequently reported “reduced diversity” of the AD‐related skin microbiome to reduced Evenness, which was in turn mainly driven by S. aureus relative abundance, rather than to a reduced microbiome Richness. Finding associations between AD severity, the skin microbiome and patient's cofactors is a key aspect in developing new personalized AD treatments, particularly those targeting the AD microbiome.
Metagenomic reveals succession in the bacterial community and predicts changes in raw milk during refrigeration
Authors: Guo Rong , Ju Ning , Wang Yuanyuan , Gou Meng , Li Puyu , Luo Yulong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, metagenomics was used to analyze microbial succession and predict changes in raw milk during 6 days of storage at 4°C, aimed at determining how microorganisms drive the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk. The microbial community in raw milk changed significantly with an extension of refrigeration time (p < .01). The dominant bacterial genera gradually evolved from Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, and Anaplasma to Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus. KEGG annotation results indicated that the main role of the bacterial community included amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and functioning as an ABC transporter. Additionally, lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were significantly expressed at the beginning, middle, and end of refrigeration, respectively. Refrigeration time is an important factor affecting the composition of the microbial flora in raw milk. The results of this study illustrate the role of microorganisms in the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk.
Experiential Training Workshops for Group Antenatal Care in Malawi
Authors: Gresh Ashley , Abrams Elizabeth T. , Chirwa Ellen , Jere Diana L. , Chodzaza Elizabeth , Chorwe‐Sungani Genesis , Kafulafula Ursula , Kapito Esnath , Patel Dhruvi R. , Jeremiah Rohan D. , Klima Carrie S. , MacDonald Amy , Norr Kathleen F. , Patil Crystal L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe positive effects of the CenteringPregnancy group antenatal care (ANC) model on perinatal outcomes in the United States has led to its adaptation and implementation in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Facilitative discussions are a core component of this group ANC model. Facilitator training lays a critical foundation for delivery of this paradigm‐shifting model as practitioners learn to adapt their approach to health education from didactive to facilitative. However, there is little rigorous research focused on best practices for training group health care facilitators and none that is guided by a theoretical framework. Kolb's experiential learning theory offers a theoretical framework to guide the development of training workshops that allow trainees to experience, reflect on, and practice the facilitation skills needed to deliver this evidence‐based intervention. This article describes an experiential learning‐based training workshop that was implemented as part of an ongoing effectiveness‐implementation trial of a Centering‐based group ANC model in Blantyre District, Malawi. We provide a blueprint for conducting group ANC facilitator trainings that, in addition to imparting knowledge, effectively builds confidence and buy‐in to this paradigm‐changing approach to ANC delivery. This blueprint can be adapted for use in designing and implementing group health care across settings in the United States and globally.
Strengthening Interprofessional Collaboration to Improve Transfers Between a Freestanding Birth Center and an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Danhausen Kathleen , Diaz Hannah L. , McCain Manola A. , McGinigle Madeleine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe number of individuals choosing to give birth in a freestanding birth center has doubled since 2004. As many as half of all pregnant persons planning for a birth center birth ultimately develop medical complications and are unable to give birth outside of the hospital. Integrating birth centers into their regional perinatal health care system optimizes outcomes by establishing predetermined pathways for antepartum and intrapartum transfers of care and facilitates ongoing communication and cooperation among clinicians. The Vanderbilt Birth Center is a freestanding birth center that is operated by an academic medical center and partners with a hospital‐based midwifery practice that cares for patients transferring from the birth center. Since the inception of the birth center in 2015, the entire perinatal team has worked to improve the process and experience of patient transfer from birth center to hospital care. This article will present strategies implemented through the ongoing collaboration between birth center and hospital health care providers. These include adopting a shared electronic health record, clinical practice guidelines that align across birth sites, preparing birth center patients prenatally for the possibility hospital transfer, the presentation of a united team across birth sites, clear and widely disseminated communication pathways for hospital admission and patient handoff, and ongoing opportunities for interteam communication, collaboration, and education. These strategies may benefit similar midwifery practice models as they seek to partner with larger health care systems and improve the transfer experience for their patients.
Labour/data justice: a new framework for labour/regulatory datafication
Authors: MCCANN DEIRDRE , CRUZ‐SANTIAGO ARELY 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLabour datafication – the accelerating quantification of working life, encompassing data use that extracts additional value from workers – is increasingly recognized as a dimension of the future of work. This article proposes a notion of ‘labour/data justice’ to capture both the deterioration of working life at the labour/data nexus and datafied strategies for effective regulation. We examine ‘labour/regulatory datafication’, focusing on conduits to unacceptable work, and argue that data justice scholarship provides interlinked contributions that are vital to a labour/data justice framework. We identify key components of this framework: a global perspective, the centring of human agency, an interest in the datafied pursuit of labour rights, and methodologies that value the agency of research participants and support collaboration and the co‐production of knowledge.
Genetic and pathogenic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains isolated in Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré Oumarou , Wonni Issa , Cellier Gilles , Boro Fousseni , Allibert Agathe , Zombré Cyrille Tinlé , Ouédraogo Léonard Somgnogdin , Somda Irénée 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a disease that negatively affects the cultivation of Solanaceae crops in Burkina Faso. Knowledge of the pathogen diversity is essential to deploy locally adapted control methods. In this study, diseased plants showing typical bacterial wilt symptoms were collected in the three main agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso for the detection of RSSC isolates. Strain characterization was achieved through a phylogenetic and pathogenicity diversity assessment. A total of 102 isolates were sampled, and Phylotype I (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum) was predominant (n = 101; sequevars 14, 31, 34, and 46). The remaining isolate was characterized as Phylotype IIA‐35 (Ralstonia solanacearum). Phylotypes I‐31 and I‐46 were predominant and both characterized as the most the aggressive group of strains amongst a subset of 33 representative isolates. Our findings provide valuable information as regard RSSC diversity that breeders and resistance programme should target in order to fight this pathogen in Burkina Faso and around the world.
A phase II, single‐center, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous melatonin in surgical patients with severe sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Mansilla‐Roselló Alfonso , Hernández‐Magdalena Jorge , Domínguez‐Bastante Mireia , Olmedo‐Martín Carmen , Comino‐Pardo Ana , Escames Germaine , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo determine whether IV melatonin therapy improves redox status and inflammatory responses in surgical patients with severe sepsis, a unicenter, phase II double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was carried out. The study included patients with severe sepsis marked by infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), associated with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension requiring surgical intervention. IV melatonin at a daily dose of 60 mg, which was dissolved in 500 ml of 5% dextrose serum, was continuously administered to the patients for over 30 min starting on the day of the diagnoses during a 5‐day period. A total of 14 patients received a placebo treatment and 15 melatonin doses. Redox status decreased in melatonin‐treated patients during the 5 days of treatment as compared to the placebo‐treated patients. Procalcitonin performed better in the melatonin group, whose neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was also significantly reduced, resulting in an improved evolution of the disease. Moreover, hospital stays decreased by 19.60% from 26.64 days for the placebo group to 21.42 days for the melatonin group. The placebo group recorded five mortalities, as compared to three for the melatonin group. IV melatonin administration improved the course of the disease in surgical patients with severe sepsis, with no side effects. Additional studies with higher doses of melatonin and a long duration of therapy need to be carried out to assess its clinical use.
Intracranial medulloblastoma as the cause of progressive ataxia in a 6‐month‐old draft horse cross gelding
Authors: Palmisano Megan , Bender Susan , Johnson Amy L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe describe the unique clinical presentation of a central nervous system neoplasm in a 6‐month‐old draft horse cross gelding. Based on the neurologic examination at admission, neurolocalization was most consistent with a mildly asymmetric cervical, multifocal, or diffuse myelopathy. Mild vestibular involvement also was considered, but no cranial nerve deficits were observed. The gelding was negative forSarcocystis neuronaorNeospora hughesibased on paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples analyzed, with no evidence of cervical compression based on contrast myelography. The horse was euthanized because of progression of clinical signs. At necropsy, a mass was identified associated with the cerebellum, and histopathology was consistent with medulloblastoma, which has not been reported previously in the horse.
On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks
Authors: Shipilina Daria , Pal Arka , Stankowski Sean , Chan Yingguang Frank , Barton Nicholas H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype‐based inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and linked‐read sequencing technologies.
High similarities in dorsal fin ratios of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Niño‐Torres Carlos A. , Olvera‐Gómez Jose A. , Ramos Eric , Castelblanco‐Martínez Delma N. , Blanco‐Parra María P. , May‐Collado Laura J. , Sellares Rita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDorsal fins, one of the most notable dolphin's physical features, play important kinematic and hydrodynamic roles and are related to physiological and environmental adaptation processes. Differences in dorsal fin shape have been recently associated with geographic variation, habitat specialization between ecotypes, and ontogenetic factors. We studied dorsal fin variation across several common bottlenose dolphin populations in the Caribbean. A total of 252 dorsal fin photographs from eight coastal regions in the Caribbean were selected for analysis. Dolphin dorsal fin proportions were compared among regions and compared with data previously collected from Holbox, Mexico. Dorsal fin models were constructed for each region. We found that across the Caribbean, coastal bottlenose dolphins exhibit low variation in dorsal fin shape, with the most common dorsal fin pattern having low and triangular shapes, two traits that greatly contrast with the oceanic ecotype. Also, significant differences in overall dorsal fin proportions found among some adjacent groups support the hypothesis that subgroups could be present even within extremely short geographical distances ‐ as has been previously documented. The results of this study can be implemented in population monitoring efforts worldwide, as it uses free software and provides a step‐by‐step guideline to analyze the data.
Evaluating a brief online compassion‐focused intervention for intensive care nurses
Authors: Corrigan J. P. , Browne Dympna , Gilsenan Jane , Irons Chris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh levels of stress have been found within health care staff, particularly in the nursing population, which is somewhat attributed to the Covid‐19 pandemic. The development of self‐compassion, a protective psychological construct, may promote well‐being in the health care staff population. As part of a service development project, the authors delivered and evaluated a brief online compassion‐focused intervention with nurses working within Intensive Care Units (ICUs).AimsAims were to explore feasibility within the ICU nursing population and consider potential benefits to psychological well‐being.MethodsICU nurses registered for an online, 4 week, compassion‐focused intervention as part of a service development project. Measures of compassion, burnout, trauma, and the emotional climate of their work environment were analysed in two groups; those who completed the intervention and those who did not. Baseline and post‐intervention measures were analysed to infer the potential benefits of the intervention.ResultsCompared with their baseline scores, those who completed the intervention showed improvements on measures of compassion, soothing in emotional climate, and reductions in burnout, trauma and threat in emotional climate. At baseline, those who did not complete the intervention scored lower on measures of compassion and soothing within their emotional climate, as well as higher levels of trauma and threat within the emotional climate, compared with those who engaged with the intervention.ConclusionsBrief online compassion‐focused interventions may be a useful platform to promote well‐being in ICU nurses, but possibly only for those who have a pre‐established level of self‐compassion.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study demonstrates the value of offering online interventions to improve the mental health of nursing staff. The findings suggest that nurses may benefit from being offered online interventions as welll as traditional psychological interventions. This may shape further service provision by offering nurses who require support a wider range of treatment options.
Changes in cognitive function after thoracoscopic and catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Herman Dalibor , Javůrková Alena , Raudenská Jaroslava , Budera Petr , Rizov Vitalii , Kačer Petr , Peisker Tomáš , Malý Marek , Osmančík Pavel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundComparative data regarding the effect of percutaneous and thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cognitive function are very limited. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effect of both types of ablations on patient cognitive functions in the mid‐term.MethodsPatients with AF indicated for ablation procedure were included. Forty‐six patients underwent thoracoscopic, off‐pump ablation using the COBRA Fusion radiofrequency system, followed by a catheter ablation three months afterward (Hybrid group). A comparative cohort of 53 AF patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation only (PVI group). Neuropsychological examinations were done before and nine months after the surgical or catheter ablation procedure. Neuropsychological testing comprised 13 subtests of seven domains, and the results were expressed as post‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) nine months after the procedure.ResultsPatients in both groups were similar with respect to the baseline clinical characteristics; only non‐paroxysmal AF was more common in the hybrid group (98% vs. 34%). Major POCD was present in eight (17.4%) of hybrid patients versus three (5.7%) of PVI patients (p = 0.11), combined (major/minor) worsened cognitive decline was present in 10 (21.7%) hybrid patients versus three (5.6%) PVI patients (p = 0.034). On the other hand, combined (major/minor) improvement was present in 15 (32.6%) hybrid patients versus nine (16.9%) patients in the PVI group (p = 0.099).ConclusionHybrid ablation, a combination of thoracoscopic and percutaneous ablation, is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline compared to sole percutaneous ablation.
Susceptibility of UK oat (Avena sativa) varieties to infection by Fusarium species and subsequent HT‐2 and T‐2 toxin contamination
Authors: Edwards Simon G. , Stancic Tijana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of oats to Fusarium langsethiae infection, as measured by combined HT‐2 and T‐2 mycotoxin concentration (HT2 + T2) in harvested oat grain samples. Over 10 years (2004–2013), samples from single replicates of each UK Recommended List oat trial were analyzed for HT‐2 and T‐2. For spring oats, there were small but statistically significant differences between varieties, whereas for winter oats, they had a broader range and higher mean of HT2 + T2 concentration compared with spring oats. For winter oats, the short‐strawed varieties had consistently high HT2 + T2 levels compared with other varieties, whereas naked varieties were at the lower end of the range, and short, naked varieties had intermediate levels. A separate set of harvested oat grain samples of eight common varieties from 17 field experiments were analyzed by modified joint regression analysis. Results showed that environment had the strongest impact on HT‐2 and T‐2 concentrations but that the varietal susceptibility to HT‐2 and T‐2 contamination was highly stable across environments. This methodology can be used to calculate a Fusarium (HT2 + T2) resistance score for oats to aid grower selection of suitable varieties, as is available for Fusarium (DON) resistance for wheat varieties in many countries.