bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Two-Dose Vaccination Toward the Reduction of COVID-19 Cases, ICU Hospitalizations and Deaths in Chile Assessed Through Explanatory Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape
Authors: Reyes Humberto , Diethelm-Varela Benjamin , Méndez Constanza , Rebolledo-Zelada Diego , Lillo-Dapremont Bastián , Muñoz Sergio R. , Bueno Susan M. , González Pablo A. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the initial two-dose-schedule mass vaccination campaign in Chile toward reducing adverse epidemiological outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsPublicly available epidemiological data ranging from 3 February 2021 to 30 September 2021 were used to construct GAMLSS models that explain the beneficial effect of up to two doses of vaccination on the following COVID-19-related outcomes: new cases per day, daily active cases, daily occupied ICU beds and daily deaths.ResultsAdministered first and second vaccine doses, and the statistical interaction between the two, are strong, statistically significant predictors for COVID-19-related new cases per day (R2 = 0.847), daily active cases (R2 = 0.903), ICU hospitalizations (R2 = 0.767), and deaths (R2 = 0.827).ConclusionOur models stress the importance of completing vaccination schedules to reduce the adverse outcomes during the pandemic. Future work will continue to assess the influence of vaccines, including booster doses, as the pandemic progresses, and new variants emerge.Policy ImplicationsThis work highlights the importance of attaining full (two-dose) vaccination status and reinforces the notion that a second dose provides increased non-additive protection. The trends we observed may also support the inclusion of booster doses in vaccination plans. These insights could contribute to guiding other countries in their vaccination campaigns.
Association of sex with the global burden of vision impairment caused by neonatal preterm birth: An analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Ye Xin , Wang Jun , Zhong Xiaxing , Qiu Wangli , Yang Shangchao , He Shucheng , Lou Lixia , Shen Lijun 
Published: July 2022

AimsTo investigate the sex-specific global burden of neonatal preterm birth (NPB) vision impairment by year, age, and socioeconomic status using years lived with disability (YLDs).MethodsThe global, regional, and national sex-specific YLD numbers, crude YLD rates, and age-standardized YLD rates of NPB-related moderate and severe vision loss and blindness were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Wilcoxon test and linear regression were used to investigate the relationship between sex difference in age-standardized YLD rates and the Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsBetween 1990 and 2019, the gender disparity in age-standardized YLD rates for NPB-related vision impairment remained stable, increasing from 10.2 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 6.7–14.6] to 10.4 (95% UI 6.9–15.0) for men and 10.3 (95% UI 6.8–14.7) to 10.7 (95% UI 7.2–15.1) for women, with women consistently having higher age-standardized YLD rates. Between the ages of 25 and 75, women had higher YLD rates than males, with the biggest disparity in the 60–64 age group. In 2019, sex difference in age-standardized YLD rates across 195 nations was statistically significant. Women had higher age-standardized YLD rates than men in both low (Z = −3.53, p &lt; 0.001) and very high HDI countries (Z = −4.75, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, age-standardized YLD rates were found to be adversely associated with HDI (male: Standardized β = −0.435, female: Standardized β = −0.440; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionDespite advancements in worldwide NPB health care, sexual differences in NPB-related vision impairment burden showed little change. Female had higher burden than male, particularly in low and very high socioeconomic status countries.
The association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults in rural China and its gender differences: Evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Authors: Yu Changyong , Liang Hang , Wang Boyu , Liang Fei , Liu Erpeng , Xiang Nan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFew studies have examined the association between reproductive history and the multidimensional health of older adults with more diverse reproductive histories and poorer health status in rural China. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of parity, sex ratio of children and late childbearing on multidimensional health and its gender differences.MethodsThe analytical sample consisted of 3,377 older adults in rural China who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018. Linear regression models were applied to estimate the relationship between reproductive history and multidimensional health, with separate models for each indicator of health outcomes.ResultsOlder adults in rural areas with greater parity were more likely to have better cognitive function (β = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.255–0.563), fewer Activities of Daily Living (ADL) limitations (β = −0.085, 95% CI: −0.137 to −0.034) and symptoms of depression (β = −0.396, 95% CI: −0.577 to −0.216). The social mechanism of intergenerational support from children later in life partly explained the positive effect of parity. Late childbearing had negative effects on cognitive function (β = −1.220, 95% CI: −1.895 to −0.545), ADL (β = 0.253, 95% CI: 0.028–0.478) and symptoms of depression (β = 1.025, 95% CI: 0.237–1.812). Women were more likely to be influenced by the positive effect of parity; the association between late childbearing and health was only significant in the male group.ConclusionsParity and late childbearing are associated with cognitive function, activities of daily living, and symptoms of depression in the older adults in rural China. Older adults with more children might be in better health, and this finding is especially significant in women. However, late childbearing had a negative effect on multidimensional health, especially for men. The social mechanism and gender differences between reproductive history and health need to be further explored.
Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in pediatric living-related liver transplantation: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cui Ling-Li , Yang Wen-He , Xue Fu-Shan , Zhu Zhi-Jun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is largely unavoidable during liver transplantation (LT). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenergic agonist, exerts a variety of organ-protective effects in pediatric populations. However, evidence remains relatively limited about its hepatoprotective effects in pediatric living-related LT.MethodsA total of 121 pediatric patients undergoing living-related LT from June 2015 to December 2018 in our hospital were enrolled. They were classified into DEX or non-DEX groups according to whether an infusion of DEX was initiated from incision to the end of surgery. Primary outcomes were postoperative liver graft function and the severity of HIRI. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were performed to identify any association.ResultsA 1:1 matching yielded 35 well-balanced pairs. Before matching, no significant difference was found in baseline characteristics between groups except for warm ischemia time, which was longer in the non-DEX group (44 [38–50] vs. 40 [37–44] min, p = 0.017). After matching, the postoperative peak lactic dehydrogenase levels decreased significantly in the DEX group than in the non-DEX group (622 [516–909] vs. 970 [648–1,490] IU/L, p = 0.002). Although there was no statistical significance, a tendency toward a decrease in moderate-to-extreme HIRI rate was noted in the DEX group compared to the non-DEX group (68.6% vs. 82.9%, p = 0.163). Patients in the DEX group also received a significantly larger dosage of epinephrine as postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) treatment (0.28 [0.17–0.32] vs. 0.17 [0.06–0.30] µg/kg, p = 0.010). However, there were no significant differences between groups in PRS and acute kidney injury incidences, mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit, and hospital lengths of stay. Multivariate analysis revealed a larger graft-to-recipient weight ratio (odds ratio [OR] 2.657, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.132–6.239, p = 0.025) and intraoperative DEX administration (OR 0.333, 95% CI, 0.130–0.851, p = 0.022) to be independent predictors of moderate-to-extreme HIRI.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that intraoperative DEX could potentially decrease the risk of HIRI but was associated with a significant increase in epinephrine requirement for PRS in pediatric living-related LT. Further studies, including randomized controlled studies, are warranted to provide more robust evidence.
Case report: Image guidance retrieval of a foreign body in retropharyngeal space
Authors: Wu Xingmei , Wang Yongquan , Sun Wei , Zhu Xiaolin 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIngested foreign bodies fully embedded in retropharyngeal space present a unique challenge, as they can be difficult to locate and visualize via classic transoral laryngoscopy or the transcervical approach.MethodsWe retrieved a complete extraluminal chicken bone located in the patient's retropharyngeal space at the level of the C4-C5 spine through a well-designed transcervical approach with a combination of image-guided neck navigation.ConclusionA combined use of image-guided neck navigation and a dedicated transcervical approach for location of a foreign body in the retropharyngeal space is practical and available for clinical application.
Testing for COVID-19 is Much More Effective When Performed Immediately Prior to Social Mixing
Authors: Wells Chad R. , Gokcebel Senay , Pandey Abhishek , Galvani Alison P. , Townsend Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:To quantify the utility of RT-PCR and rapid antigen tests in preventing post-arrival transmission based on timing of the pre-departure test.Methods:We derived analytical expressions to compute post-arrival transmission when no test is performed, and when either an RT-PCR or any of 18 rapid antigen tests is performed at specified times before arrival. We determined the diagnostic sensitivity of the rapid antigen tests by propagating their RT-PCR percent positive agreement onto known RT-PCR diagnostic sensitivity.Results:Depending on the rapid antigen test used, conducting a rapid antigen test immediately before departure reduces post-arrival transmission between 37.4% (95% CrI: 28.2%–40.7%) and 46.7% (95% CrI:40.0%–49.3%), compared to a 31.1% (95% CrI: 26.3%–33.5%) reduction using an RT-PCR 12 h before arrival. Performance of each rapid antigen test differed by diagnostic sensitivity over the course of disease. However, these differences were smaller than those engendered by testing too early.Conclusion:Testing closer to arrival—ideally on the day of arrival—is more effective at reducing post-arrival transmission than testing earlier. Rapid antigen tests perform the best in this application due to their short turnaround time.
Application of Trichoderma Hz36 and Hk37 as Biocontrol Agents against Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Chen Xingfu , Cheng Jiasen , Xie Jiatao , Lin Yang , Jiang Daohong , Fu Yanping , Chen Tao 
Published: July 2022

Clubroot, a soil-infective disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious disease affecting cruciferous plants around the world. There is no effective control measure to completely remove this pathogen from fields after infection. Here, we screened and identified two strains (Hz36, Trichoderma guizhouense; Hk37, Trichoderma koningiopsis) of Trichoderma from the gall of clubroot in rapeseed fields with biocontrol potential for clubroot. The fermentation broth of Hz36 could significantly inhibit the germination of resting spores of P. brassicae, and promote the seed germination and root growth of rapeseed. The biocontrol efficiency of Hz36 strain on clubroot for rapeseed and Arabidopsis thaliana was 44.29% and 52.18%, respectively. The qPCR results revealed that strain Hz36 treatment could significantly reduce the content of P. brassicae in root cells, and paraffin section analysis revealed that it could delay the development of P. brassicae. Strain Hk37 showed similar effects to strain Hz36, whose biocontrol efficiency of clubroot could reach 57.30% in rapeseed and 68.01% in A. thaliana. These results indicate that strains Hz36 and Hk37 have the potential for the biocontrol of clubroot.
3D-QSAR, ADME-Tox In Silico Prediction and Molecular Docking Studies for Modeling the Analgesic Activity against Neuropathic Pain of Novel NR2B-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists
Authors: El fadili Mohamed , Er-rajy Mohammed , Imtara Hamada , Kara Mohammed , Zarougui Sara , Altwaijry Najla , Al kamaly Omkulthom , Al Sfouk Aisha , Elhallaoui Menana 
Published: July 2022

A new class of selective antagonists of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B have been developed using molecular modeling techniques. The three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study, based on comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) models, indicate that steric, electrostatic and hydrogen bond acceptor fields have a key function in the analgesic activity against neuropathic pain. The predictive accuracy of the developed CoMFA model (Q2 = 0.540, R2 = 0.980, R2 pred = 0.613) and the best CoMSIA model (Q2 = 0.665, R2 = 0.916, R2 pred = 0.701) has been successfully examined through external and internal validation. Based on ADMET in silico properties, L1, L2 and L3 ligands are non-toxic inhibitors of 1A2, 2C19 and 2C9 cytochromes, predicted to passively cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and have the highest probability to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular docking results indicate that the active ligands (L1, L2 and L3) interact specifically with Phe176, Glu235, Glu236, Gln110, Asp136 and Glu178 amino acids of the transport protein encoded as 3QEL. Therefore, they could be used as analgesic drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Assessment of Ecosystem Services: Spatio-Temporal Analysis and the Spatial Response of Influencing Factors in Hainan Province
Authors: Ren Binyu , Wang Qianfeng , Zhang Rongrong , Zhou Xiaozhen , Wu Xiaoping , Zhang Qing 
Published: July 2022

The impact of human activities on ecosystems is receiving increasing attention because their mechanisms of action are complex; the spatial response of ecosystem service drivers still needs to be explored further. This study evaluated three ecosystem services—water yield, soil conservation, and carbon storage—in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2020; we analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of the ecosystem services, and the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors. The results were as follows: (1) The average water yield, soil conservation and carbon storage of Hainan Province from 2000 to 2020 were 42.36 billion, 8.01×108 t and 1.52 × 107 t, respectively. Overall, the ecosystem services were relatively weak at lower elevations. (2) There were obvious hot spots and cold spots in the water yield and soil conservation, and the hot spot distribution of carbon storage was not obvious. (3) There were differences between the ecosystem services for different land use types; trade-off relationships only appeared between unused land and ecosystem services. (4) The precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index and elevation factors had great impacts on the ecosystem services. Most of the human activity factors showed a significant nonlinear enhancement effect during their interaction. Population and elevation had obvious spatial differentiation effects on the water yield and carbon storage services.
Trend Kebijakan Pembangunan Pagar Pembatas Perbatasan di Negara-Negara Eropa Timur
Authors: Mulyadi Daffa Satria , Nuraeni Nuraeni 
Published: July 2022

The refugee crisis that took place within the European Union in 2015 has caused a lot of pressure on the bordering countries of the European Union due to the Dublin Regulation policy and the principle of sharing responsibilities that must be carried out by all EU countries. Unfortunately the countries that feel most disadvantaged are increasingly leaving the existing forms of policy, one of which is by choosing a policy of building the border fences in their border areas where refugees and asylum seekers usually pass. This article will look at how Eastern European countries such as Greece, Hungary and Bulgaria are carrying out a policy of building border fences at their borders in response to their disappointment with the European Union and to kee the refugees and asylum out from entering their territories. This article will give a description of how the policy was taken and illustrate the existence of the supporting factors behind the decision such as populist governement factors, geographical factors, and historical factors. Finally, this article is also considered important to see how a policy can become a trend towards other countries due to the momentum, even though the policy may not be the best.
Kepentingan Siber Ofensif Iran Terhadap Arab Saudi Dalam Kasus Virus Shamoon Tahun 2012
Authors: Hidayat Ananty 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepentingan siber ofensif yang dilakukan oleh Iran terhadap kilang minyak Arab Saudi yakni Saudi Aramco dengan menggunakan virus Shammon. Selain itu, menemukan makna mengenai kepentingan serangan Virus Shamoon Tahun 2012, dilatarbelakangi oleh pengalihan mitra minyak Iran ke Arab Saudi atas embargo ekonomi yang dijatuhkan kepada Iran tahun 2012 karena pengayaan nuklir Iran dan serangan siber Iran ditujukan atas eksistensi dan kepemimpinan Iran di negara - negara kawasan Timur Tengah menjadi landasan bagi serangan siber Iran untuk upaya menciptakan perimbangan kekuatan dalam bentuk fenomena hubungan internasional dengan menggunakan siber ofensif.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka. Teknik triangulasi data merupakan teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisa data – data penelitian.
Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa siber ofensif Iran tidak hanya ditujukan atas perlawanan terhadap embargo ekonomi yang dijatuhkan terhadap Iran, melainkan terdapat kepentingan lain yang ditujukan pada eksistensi kekuatan siber Iran menimbulkan situasi ketegangan dan atas hegemoni kawasan Timur Tengah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian terkait siber ofensif Iran terhadap Arab Saudi dengan menggunakan virus Shamoon yakni kapabilitas dari kekuatan siber dapat memberikan dampak kerusakan bagi infrastruktur vital Arab Saudi. Kerentanan diruang maya dimanfaatkan sebagai senjata dalam upaya mencapai kepentingan nasional, khususnya bagi negara Iran.
Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia Melalui Program Kelas Bahasa Dalam Upaya Memperkenalkan Indonesia Di Laos Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Faiza Nadya Nur , Surya Aelina , Dinesia Inke Hilarie 
Published: July 2022

Diplomasi Budaya sekarang ini memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dalam menjalin hubungan dengan negara lain serta memper-erat hubungan bilateral maupun multilateral, pendeketan ini dinilai sangat efektif karena sekarang ini pendekatan menggunakan softpower diplomacy lebih banyak diminati dibanding menggunakan pendekatan hardpower diplomacy. Kelas Bahasa yang di selenggarakan di Laos, Vientiane tepatnya di KBRI Vientiane dan Gedung Wonderful Indonesia Center menjadi media dan wadah untuk melaksanakan diplomasi budaya terhadap masyarakat Laos sehingga masyarakat Laos mengenal lebih dekat mengenai Indonesia.
Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan adalah dari hasil wawancara dan literatur serta didukung oleh studi pustaka, penelusuran data online, jurnal, ataupun laporan dan dokumen dari instansi terkait seperti PPSDK dan KBRI Vientiane, dokumentasi dan observasi yang kemudian di analisis dengan pendekatan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional.
Penelitian dilakasanakan melalui wawancara terhadap instansi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kelas Bahasa Indonesia yang diselenggarakan di KBRI Vientiane dan WIC memiliki peranan yang penting dalam upaya memperkenalkan Indonesia di Laos melalui diplomasi budayanya. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari berbagai faktor yang salah satunya adalah respon dari masyarakat Laos itu sendiri, dan kerja sama yang terlaksana serta dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hubungan people-to-people contacts Indonesia dan Laos dari berbagai acara yang telah terselenggara.
Penerapan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Uni Eropa Dalam Ekspor Minyak Sawit Indonesia Tahun 2009 - 2019
Authors: Pramana Andrian 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pembangunan berkelanjutan Uni Eropa dalam ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia tahun 2009-2018. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, peneliti melakukan analisa hubungan keterkaitan arahan pengembangan energi terbarukan sebagai paramater dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, yang memiliki hubungan dengan ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan datadata peneliti melakukan studi lapangan dengan wawancara, studi pustaka, penelusuran online dan menggunakan teknik purposive untuk menentukan narasumber. Sedangkan teknik untuk menganalisis data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah hubungan regulasi yang dikeluarkan Uni Eropa sebagai bentuk penerapan pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia, dengan menggunakan paramater regulasi pengembangan energi terbarukan Uni Eropa. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara berbagai kebijakan dan regulasi Uni Eropa di sektor energi terbarukan seperti EU-RED, Resolusi Kelapa Sawit dan Deforestasi Hutan Hujan, ILUC. Sedangkan upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam merespon regulasi yang dikeluarkan adalah upaya diplomasi dan negosiasi dalam bentuk kunjungan kerja pemerintah Indonesia, negosiasi di forum internasional, negosiasi oleh organisasi non pemerintah Indonesia yakni IASI, dan penguatan standar ISPO untukdapat diterima di pasar Uni Eropa.
Diplomasi Indonesia sebagai Anggota Tidak Tetap DK PBB 2019-2020 dalam Mempromosikan Program Prison Deradicalization
Authors: Sudirman Arfin , Putri Rafidha Dinda 
Published: July 2022

Terrorism remains as an urgent and important matter to be discussed. It has been realized that a comprehensive strategy is needed to deal with what happened to the terrorist after they’re caught, since there’s a high possibility of radicalism and recruitment of new member might happen inside the prisons. Moreover, along with the increasing concern of foreign terrorist fighters and human rights issues, using merely hard approaches in dealing with terrorism is no longer sufficient, hence, Indonesia proposed a soft approach using deradicalization program. This research attempts to elaborate the details of Indonesia’s diplomacy as UNSC non-permanent member in 2019-2020 in promoting and encouraging the development of a comprehensive strategy to tackle the problems of terrorism more efficiently and effectively. Descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach was used to arrange this research, with supporting information that was gathered through interviews, official documents and repots, also other literature study. The result shows how Indonesia is using this chance to enhance its role in decision-making process on international forum and increasing its influence as a middle power country in the international community.
Keywords : Diplomacy, Deradicalization, Indonesia, Terrorism, UNSC