bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penebusan Rut Oleh Boas Sebagai Tipologi Penebusan Kristus Dan Refleksi Bagi Teologi Misi Masa Kini
Authors: Diana Ruat , Zaluchu Sonny Eli , Triastanti Deni 
Published: May 2022

This article deals with Boaz's redemption of Ruth as an Old Testament typology in explaining Christ's redemption in the New Testament. The formulation of the research problem is how is the relationship between the redemption of Ruth in the Old Testament and the redemption of Christ and the reflection of today's mission theology? The author uses historical methods (Historical Research) and descriptive methods (Descriptive Research), namely literature studies through supporting books and journals, regarding the redemption of Ruth by Boaz in the Old Testament and explaining Christ's redemption in the New Testament. From the context of redemption (go'el) in the Old Testament, the redeemer must have more ability or strength than someone who is redeemed. Because people who are redeemed are often described as weak or slave. Meanwhile, the context of redemption in the New Testament was immediately carried out by the Lord Jesus Christ through Christ's death on the cross and His resurrection to reveal redemption to all tribes, nations, who exist on earth as weak and sinful creatures, which is also the basis of mission theology for the message. The gospel for all sinners. The redemption made by Christ is not only for one tribe of Israel, but all people have the same right to salvation and redemption to live in union with Christ. Artikel ini membahas tentang penebusan Rut oleh Boas sebagai tipologi Perjanjian Lama dalam menjelaskan penebusan Kristus dalam PerjanjianBaru. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kaitan penebusan Rut dalam Perjanjian Lama dan penebusan Kristus dan refleksi teologi misi masa kini? Penulis menggunakan metode historis (Historical Research) dan metode deskriptif (Descriptive Research) yaitu studi pustaka melalui buku-buku dan jurnal yang mendukung, tentang penebusan Rut oleh Boas dalam Perjanjian Lama dan menjelaskan penebusan Kristus dalam Perjanjian Baru. Dari konteks penebusan (go’el) di dalam Perjanjian Lama,penebusharus memiliki kemampuan atau kekuatan lebih dari seseorang yang ditebus. Karenaorang yang ditebussering digambarkan sebagai orang yang lemah atau budak. Sedangkan konteks penebusan di dalam Perjanjian Baru langsung dilakukan Tuhan Yesus Kristus melalui kematian Kristus di kayu salib dan kebangkitan-Nya untuk menyatakan penebusan kepada semua suku, bangsa, yang ada di bumi sebagai mahkluk yang lemah dan berdosa, yang sekaligus sebagai dasar teologi misi bagi pekabaran Injil bagi semua manusia berdosa. Penebusan yang dilakukan oleh Kristus bukan hanya kepada satu suku Israel saja, tetapi semua orang memiliki hak yang sama untuk mendapatkan keselamatan dan penebusan untuk hidup bersatu dengan Kristus.
Implementasi Penetapan Harga Diskon dalam Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Sepatu (Studi Kasus Sepatu Crocodile di Matahari Departement Store Citylink)
Authors: Noviyanti Nisa 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_ Untuk mengetahui bagaimana penetapan harga diskon pada sepatu Crocodile dalam mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Desain/Metode_Jenis studi yang di gunakan dari penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif.
Temuan_Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Selain harga diskon faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk crocodile yaitu kualitas barang yang baik, dimana konsumen akan tetap membeli produk crocodile berdasarkan kualitas barang, meskipun tidak ada program diskon yang di berikan.Impikasi_ Hasil penelitian ini bisa di jadikan literasi bagi Pihak Crocodile sebagai bentuk bahan rujukan untuk bisa meningkatkan kembali strategi penetapan harga Komunikasi agar lebih bisa menarik minat beli konsumen setiap tahunnya.Originalitas_Penelitian ini di lakukan di Matahari departemen store Citilink BandungTipe Penelitian_Studi Literatur
Dampak Penerapan Manajemen Konflik Terhadap Pencapaian Kinerja Kantor Hukum DR. Roely Panggabean. S.H M.H. & Rekan
Authors: Fatahillah Yusuf , Purwoko Sigit Djalu 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya dampak konflik Manajer mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja karyawan kantor hukum DR. Roely Panggabean, S.H., M.H. & Rekan.
Desain/Metode_ penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang fenomena yang ada di Kantor Hukum Roely Panggabean S.H M.H. & Rekan berdasarkan peristiwa, sikap, pemikiran orang secara individu maupun kelompok.
Temuan_ ketidaktepatan pengambilan keputusan manajer kantor hukum menyebabkan kualitas karyawaan menurun.
Implikasi_hasil penelitian konflik manajer mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja karyawan kantor hukum DR. Roely Panggabean munculnya pertentangan yang diekspresikan diantara dua pihak yang saling tergantung mengenai objek, sehingga mengurangi motivasi kerja berkurang.Kesalahan pengambilan keputusan di sebabkan oleh informasi yang tidak tersedia sehingga penerapannya tidak sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada di kantor hukum
Originalitas_menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa tulisan skripsi/ artikel ini benar benar karya sendiri, bukan pengambilan tulisan orang lain atau pimikiran orang lain.
Tipe Penelitian_Studi Empiris
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Nibra’s Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Survey pada Nibra’s House Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Maryono Dicky , Herawati Siska 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_ Untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran produk Nibra’s di Nibra’s House Kabupaten Bandung, menganalisis media yang digunakan Nibra’s House Bandung dalam memasarkan dan mempromosikan produknya dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang dialami Nibra’s House dalam memasarkan produknya.
Desain/Metode_ Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskritif analitis. Data yaang diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.
Temuan_ alam pemasarannya, Nibra’s House menerapkan strategi dalam hal segmentasi, targeting dan positioning yang baik. Strategi pemasaran yang dilakukan Nibra’s House Bandung terkait dengan 4P.
Implikasi_ Secara teoritis, penelitian ini memberikan implikasi khazanah keilmuan tentang pemasaran di bidang muslim. Secara paraktis, berimplikasi pada Nibra’s House Bandung dalam mengembangkan pemasarannya agar lebih efektif. Jarang penelitian tentang pemasaran di bidang busana muslim, karena itu penelitian tentang busana muslim memiliki originalitas dan keunikan tersendiri.
Originalitas_ Pada penelitian ini obyek penelitiannya spesifik pada produk fashion busana muslim Nibra’s di Kabupaten Bandung
Tipe Penelitian_Studi Empiris
Riding to Arms
Authors: Caramello Charles 
Published: May 2022

Horses and horsemen played central roles in modern European warfare from the Renaissance to the Great War of 1914-1918, not only determining victory in battle, but also affecting the rise and fall of kingdoms and nations. When Shakespeare's Richard III cried, "A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse!" he attested to the importance of the warhorse in history and embedded the image of the warhorse in the cultural memory of the West.
In Riding to Arms: A History of Horsemanship and Mounted Warfare, Charles Caramello examines the evolution of horsemanship—the training of horses and riders—and its relationship to the evolution of mounted warfare over four centuries. He explains how theories of horsemanship, navigating between art and utility, eventually settled on formal manège equitation merged with outdoor hunting equitation as the ideal combination for modern cavalry. He also addresses how the evolution of firepower and the advent of mechanized warfare eventually led to the end of horse cavalry.
Riding to Arms tracks the history of horsemanship and cavalry through scores of primary texts ranging from Federico Grisone's Rules of Riding (1550) to Lt.-Colonel E.G. French's Good-Bye to Boot and Saddle (1951). It offers not only a history of horsemen, horse soldiers, and horses, but also a survey of the seminal texts that shaped that history.
Christianity and Citizens’ Participation in the Electoral Process: A Case of the Seventh Day Adventist Church in Southern Province of Zambia
Authors: Chilufya Lewis B. , Milanzi Peggy M. , Magasu Oliver 
Published: May 2022

This article assesses the influence that the Christian religious beliefs and practices of the Seventh Day Adventist Church (hereinafter SDA) in Zambia’s nascent democracy. By employing a comparative theoretical approach, it highlights religious motivations that are meant to drive the levels of participation of members of the SDA in the electoral process such as campaigns and voting. Furthermore, it identifies secular factors that influence their civic participation as well as the emergent trends that have become characteristic of SDA political involvement. In this light, the article argues that secular factors have increasingly become more predominant than Christian motivations in SDA members’ political involvement. This trend was evidenced by electoral results in Southern province of Zambia, which holds the stronghold of the Church’s membership. Thus, the article recommends, among other things, that leaders of the SDA Church should offer clear teachings and consistent guidance on members’ participation in politics. This will require, at least in the Zambian context, recalibrating the Church’s religious education on civic matters.
Study of Early Lactate Clearance as an Independent Predictor of Survival in Patients with Presumed Sepsis
Authors: Patel Parth , Shah Naimesh , Shukla Dipak 
Published: May 2022

Aim: Measurement of serial serum lactate levels in patients presenting with sepsis and correlating with 1. early lactate clearance with mortality. 2. Early lactate clearance vs. first (baseline) lactate level in mortality prediction. 3. Early lactate clearance vs. ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II score in mortality prediction. 4. Early lactate clearance vs. non lactate clearance in mortality prediction.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, SMIMER, Surat, Gujarat between December 1st 2017 and November 25th 2019.
Methodology: 50 patients (36 male, 14 females; age more than 18 years) Patient with sepsis were selected from Medicine ICU by using ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II score ≥ 12 points. Lactate levels at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours were measured by using ABG done by ABL 800 basic analyzer. ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II score was calculated on admission. Lactate clearance was calculated (<10% OR >10%) and was correlated with mortality (< 7 days or > 7 days).
Results: Among 50 patients studied, 39 patients were in lactate clearance group and 11 patients were in lactate non-clearance group. In lactate clearance group 35 (89%) patients survived and 4 (11%) patients expired. In lactate non-clearance group 9 (81%) patients expired and 2 (19%) patients survived. On observing the lactate trend, Serial serum lactate levels were decreasing in survived patients while serial serum lactate levels were static or increasing in expired patients. There was no correlation between serum lactate at 0 hour and mortality in the study group (p value > 0.05). There was correlation between serum lactate at 6, 12, and 24 hours with mortality (p value <0.05). There was strong correlation between serum lactate clearance and mortality (p value < 0.01).
Conclusion: Study confirmed the prognostic value of serial serum lactate monitoring and its clearance for prediction of mortality. We concluded that early lactate clearance could be used as an independent predictor of survival in patients with presumed sepsis.
The Acceptance of Rubber Dam Isolation by Patients undergoing Endodontic Treatment and Its Feedback: A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Handa Aashish , Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur , Kaur Sumandeep , Batra Diksha , Grover Jasneel Singh , Malhotra Shantun , Kaur Rupam 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The study was done to evaluate the average time taken by the operators to apply the rubber dam, procedure time and the acceptability or rejection of placement of rubber dam by the patients during endodontic treatment procedures.
Design: The study was carried out on 450 patients requiring endodontic treatment reported at department during the time interval of May, 2021 to August, 2021. Out of 450 patients, 180 patients were randomly selected for the study by lottery method. All the endodontic procedures were performed under rubber dam isolation and rubber dam application time and time for isolation was determined. Further, a questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate the patient’s acceptance or rejection of procedures rubber dam and various reasons for rejection.
Results: The highest number of respondents belonged to 21-30 years of age group i.e. 26.6% followed by 31-40 years i.e. 26.11%. Average rubber dam application time and procedure time were estimated as 4.04 and 44.07 minutes respectively. More than 90 % of the participants were willing to accept the procedure under rubber dam isolation in future. However, on contrary, only 9.44 % of the participants rejected the procedure under rubber dam isolation and the most common reasons for rejection were uneasiness felt by the patient and difficulty in breathing.
Conclusions: The acceptability of rubber dam isolation while performing endodontic procedures/ treatments was quite significant among the patients. Very few patients had allergy to the latex material of rubber dam sheets and respiratory disorders.
The effects of L‐carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gürlek Adalet , Tutar Eralp , Akçil Ethem , Dinçer İrem , Erol Çetin , Kocatürk Pelin A. , Oral Derviş 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe studied the effects of l‐carnitine on left ventricular systolic function and the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in 51 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. They all previously were under the treatment of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, digitalis and diuretics. Patients were randomized into two groups. In group I (n = 31), 2 g/day l‐carnitine was added to therapy. l‐Carnitine was not given to the other 20 patients (Group II). In group I (mean age 64.3 ± 7.8 years), 27 of the patients were men, and four were women. In group II (mean age 66.2 ± 8.7 years), 17 of the patients were men, and three were women. Twenty age‐matched healthy subjects (mean age: 60.1 ± 5.3 years) constituted the control group. In each group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography and red cell superoxide dismutase activity by spectrophotometric method were measured initially and after 1 month of randomisation. Compared with normal healthy subjects (n = 20), patients (n = 51) had significantly higher red cell SOD activity (5633 ± 1225 vs. 3202 ± 373 U/g Hb, P < 0.001). At the end of 1 month of l‐carnitine therapy, red cell SOD activity showed an increase in group I (5918 ± 1448 to 7218 ± 1917 U/g Hb, P < 0.05). In group II, red cell SOD activity showed no significant change after 1 month of randomisation (5190 ± 545 to 5234 ± 487 U/g Hb, P = 0.256). One month after randomisation there was a significant increase in LVEF in both groups I and II (37.8–42.3%, P < 0.001 in group I; 41.5–43.8%, P < 0.001 in group II). The improvement in LVEF was more significant in the l‐carnitine group (4.5% vs. 2.3%, P < 0.01). We conclude that, as a sign of increased free radical production, superoxide dismutase activity was further increased in patients with l‐carnitine treatment. l‐Carnitine treatment in combination with other traditional pharmacological therapy might have an additive effect for the improvement of left ventricular function in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients recruited into the assessment of treatment with lisinopril and survival study
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Armstrong P. , Horowitz J.D. , Massie B. , Packer M. , Poole‐Wilson P.A. , Rydén L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:The beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors on mortality has been established in a series of trials. However, in clinical practice, ACE inhibitors are commonly administered in doses much lower than those shown to be effective in the landmark trials.Aims:This report describes the baseline characteristics of the patients recruited into the ATLAS study by age and gender sub‐groups.Methods:The ATLAS study compared the effects of ‘low’ dose (2.5–5.0 mg/day) to ‘high’ dose (32.5–55.0 mg/day) lisinopril in a double‐blind study of 5164 patients with moderate to severe heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction < 30% during a mean follow‐up period of 46 months. The primary end‐point was all cause mortality and the principal secondary end‐point a composite of all‐cause hospitalisation or all‐cause mortality.Results:Among patients with heart failure selected for the presence of left ventricular systolic function there were few differences among age groups or between genders. Older patients were not so heavy, were more likely to have ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and atrial fibrillation contributing to their heart failure and had a higher blood urea. Women were not so heavy as men. Age and gender had no major influence on mean ejection fraction or baseline treatment in the ATLAS study.Conclusions:Weight and renal function may alter the plasma concentration of any given dose of an ACE inhibitor. Potential interactions between dose of lisinopril, weight and renal function will be explored after the study is completed.
GC‐MS Analysis of Amino Acids Rapidly Provides Rich Information for Isotopomer Balancing
Authors: Dauner Michael , Sauer Uwe 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is a rapid method that provides rich information on isotopomer distributions for metabolic flux analysis. First, we established a fast and reliable experimental protocol for GC‐MS analysis of amino acids from total biomass hydrolyzates, and common experimental pitfalls are discussed. Second, a suitable interface for the use of mass isotopomer data is presented. For this purpose, a general, matrix‐based correction procedure that accounts for naturally occurring isotopes is introduced. Simulated and experimentally determined mass distributions of unlabeled amino acids showed a deviation of less than 3% for 89% of the analyzed fragments. Third, to investigate general properties of GC‐MS‐based isotopomer balancing, altered flux ratios through glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway and/or exchange fluxes were simulated. Different fluxes were found to exert specific and significant influence on the mass isotopomer distributions, thus indicating that GC‐MS data contain valuable information for metabolic flux analysis. Fourth, comparison of different methods revealed that GC‐MS analysis provides the largest number of independent constraints on amino acid isotopomer abundance, followed by correlation spectroscopy and fractional enrichment analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance.
Coupling of Surface Carboxyls of Carboxymethylcellulase with Aniline via Chemical Modification: Extreme Thermostabilization in Aqueous and Water‐Miscible Organic Mixtures
Authors: Bokhari Saleem A. , Afzal A. Jawaad , Rashid M. Hamid , Rajoka M. Ibrahim , Siddiqui Khawar S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe wish to report the attainment of the highest ever Topt by introducing approximately two aromatic rings through chemical modification of surface carboxyl groups in carboxymethylcellulase from Scopulariopsis sp. with concomitant decrease in Vmax, Km, and optimum pH! This extraordinary enhancement in thermophilicity of aniline‐coupled CMCase ( Topt = 122 °C) by a margin of 73 °C as compared with the native enzyme ( Topt = 49 °C) is the highest reported for any mesophilic enzyme that has been modified either through chemical modification or site‐directed mutagenesis. It is also reported for the first time that aniline coupled CMCase (ACC) is simultaneously thermostable in aqueous as well as water‐miscible organic solvents. The Topt of native CMCase and ACC were 25 and 90 °C, respectively, in 40% (v/v) aqueous dioxan. The modified enzyme was also stabilized against irreversible thermal denaturation. Therefore, at 55 °C, ACC had a half‐life of 136 min as compared with native CMCase whose half‐life was only 5 min. We believe that the reasons for this elevated thermostability and thermophilicity are surface aromatic–aromatic interactions and aromatic interactions with the sugar backbone of the substrate, respectively.
Effect of pH on High‐Temperature Production of Bacterial Penicillin Acylase in Escherichiacoli
Authors: Huang S.‐W. , Lin Y.‐H. , Chin H.‐L. , Wang W.‐C. , Kuo B.‐Y. , Chou C. P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHigh‐temperature‐oriented production of bacterial penicillin acylase (PAC), which is usually expressed at low temperatures (less than 30 °C), was demonstrated in this study via heterologous expression of the Providencia rettgeri ( P. rettgeri) pac gene in Escherichia coli ( E. coli). While it is possible to produce PAC at a temperature as high as 37 °C, the environmental condition (specifically, culture pH) critically affected culture performance. Production of PAC at 37 °C was feasible only when culture pH was close to neutral (i.e., 6.5–7.5). Outside this pH range, cell physiology for the host/vector system was seriously affected, resulting in poor culture performance. In acidic culture environments, temperature significantly affected the pac expression level and specific PAC activity decreased with an increase in culture temperature. In basic culture environments, cell growth was seriously inhibited though the pac expression level was minimally affected by temperature. Such unusual types of pH and temperature effects on pac expression were never reported for bacterial PACs. The results suggest that culture pH should be precisely controlled for the current host/vector systems being applied on the overproduction of P. rettgeri PAC in E. coli at high temperatures.
Purification of Antibodies from Protein Mixtures and Mouse Ascites Fluid Using Zeolite X
Authors: Yu Y. C. , Huang Y. C. , Lee T. Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractZeolite A and calcium phosphate modified Zeolite A have been shown to be a new effective packing material in ion exchange chromatography for the purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from binary mixtures and mouse ascites fluid. This study was to determine the effectiveness of purifying IgG using Zeolite X and dealuminated Zeolite X with twice the pore size of Zeolite A. Binary mixtures (IgG−albumin and IgG−transferrin) and a mouse ascites fluid were purified in Zeolite X (in Na+, K+, or NH4+ form) chromatographic columns and with dealuminated Zeolite X under a variety of operational conditions. The biological activity of the purified IgG from the mouse ascites fluid was confirmed by ELISA. The characteristics of zeolites in the present study suggest that functional groups of a protein displace the cations of zeolites near the crystal surfaces and create a different strength of affinity. The study demonstrated that Zeolite X and dealuminated Zeolite X are also promising new packing materials for the purification of IgG from biological materials.