bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity displacement gas kick law in fractured carbonate formation
Authors: Tang Ming , Yao Genghua , He Shiming , Huajun Li , Liu Sen , Lu Junan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe gravity displacement gas kick often occurs due to the fractures developed in fractured carbonate formation. The improper control of the gravity displacement gas kick is prone to blowout accidents. In this study, the gravity displacement gas–liquid two-phase flow law was simulated by CFD software, and the variation of fracture gravity displacement rate under two boundary conditions was obtained. Besides, the simplified gravity displacement models were established for fractures with two boundaries based on the gas–liquid two-phase flow theory. The analysis results of the influence factors related to the gravity displacement gas kick revealed that the gravity replacement rate of a fracture with an inclination angle of 90° was almost three times that with an inclination angle of 30°. When the wellhead backpressure was not applied, the gravity replacement rate was 0.35 m3/h; while, after the wellhead backpressure of 12 MPa was applied, the gravity replacement rate decreased to 0.22 m3/h. When the consistency coefficient was larger than 1.0 Pa sn, the fluidity index was larger than 0.6. In conclusion, the gravity displacement gas kick will inevitably occur under large inclination closure fractures. The larger the inclination and opening of the fracture, the smaller the wellhead backpressure, and the more serious the gravity displacement gas kick. During field operations, the gravity displacement overflow can be alleviated under low density and high viscosity drilling fluid by applying wellhead backpressure.
Exploring Associations between Stressors and Burnout in Trainee Doctors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK
Authors: Zhou Anli Yue , Hann Mark , Panagioti Maria , Patel Mumtaz , Agius Raymond , Van Tongeren Martie , Esmail Aneez , Bower Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The authors examined associations between stressors and burnout in trainee doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
An anonymous online questionnaire including 42 questions on general and pandemic-specific stressors, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey (MBI-HSS), was sent to 1000 randomly selected trainee doctors in North-West England. Main outcomes were burnout scores that were stratified into Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalisation (DP), and reduced Personal Accomplishment (PA) and associations between stressors and burnout using stepwise regression analysis.

Results
A total of 362 complete responses were received giving a response rate of 37%. Mean scores for EE, DP, and PA derived from the MBI-HSS were 27.7, 9.8, and 34.3 respectively. Twenty-three stressors were found to be associated with burnout dimensions. “Increase in workload and hours due to COVID-19,” “Poor leadership and management in the National Health Service,” and “Not feeling valued” were found to have strong associations with burnout dimensions. Only “Not confident in own abilities” was found to be associated with all burnout dimensions.

Conclusions
Associations with burnout were found to be identified in a range of work, pandemic, and non-work-related stressors, supporting the need for multi-level interventions to mitigate burnout.
The first fossil record of the genus Phycosoma (Araneae, Theridiidae) from the lower Miocene Mexican amber, with the description of a new species
Authors: García-Villafuerte Miguel Ángel , Carbot-Chanona Gerardo , Rivera-Velázquez Gustavo , Pineda-Diez de Bonilla Esteban , Matamoros Wilfredo A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTheridiidae is a family of spiders with the fourth highest richness of extant species worldwide. Fossil Theridiidae is also the family of spiders with the largest number of Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene representatives. Phycosoma Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 is a theridiid genus without a fossil representative. In this study, we describe a new fossil species of Phycosoma, P. icti† n. sp., from an adult male specimen found in a piece of amber from the lower Miocene (ca. 23 Ma), from the Montecristo mines near Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico. Phycosoma icti† n. sp. can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma males except P. corrugum by the long embolus partly covered by the conductor. In addition, it can be distinguished from P. corrugum by the oblique and constricted median apophysis; the narrow and pointed conductor; the long, curved, and bent theridiid tegular apophysis in its distal portion; and the prosoma ringed in the middle and along the ventral margin. Phycosoma icti† n. sp. represents the oldest recovered record of the genus. Extant Phycosoma species are still present in Chiapas, suggesting an extended evolutionary history of the genus in the region despite major geological changes over this time span in North America.UUID: http://zoobank.org/28d74f14-0f80-405d-a165-f24749e15d05
FRACTIONAL TYPE MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRAL AND ITS COMMUTATOR ON NONHOMOGENEOUS SPACES
Authors: LU GUANGHUI 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to establish the boundedness of fractional type Marcinkiewicz integral
$\mathcal {M}_{\iota ,\rho ,m}$
and its commutator
$\mathcal {M}_{\iota ,\rho ,m,b}$
on generalized Morrey spaces and on Morrey spaces over nonhomogeneous metric measure spaces which satisfy the upper doubling and geometrically doubling conditions. Under the assumption that the dominating function
$\lambda $
satisfies
$\epsilon $
-weak reverse doubling condition, the author proves that
$\mathcal {M}_{\iota ,\rho ,m}$
is bounded on generalized Morrey space
$L^{p,\phi }(\mu )$
and on Morrey space
$M^{p}_{q}(\mu )$
. Furthermore, the boundedness of the commutator
$\mathcal {M}_{\iota ,\rho ,m,b}$
generated by
$\mathcal {M}_{\iota ,\rho ,m}$
and regularized
$\mathrm {BMO}$
space with discrete coefficient (=
$\widetilde {\mathrm {RBMO}}(\mu )$
) on space
$L^{p,\phi }(\mu )$
and on space
$M^{p}_{q}(\mu )$
is also obtained.
PHILO OR PHILIO OF LARISSA?
Authors: Fleischer Kilian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article argues that the genuine first name of Philo of Larissa was in fact ‘Philio’. This claim is based on two new readings ‘Philio’ in our earliest (certain) source for the name, Philodemus’ Index Academicorum, which put other early evidence into perspective. Three other essentially independent and reliable witnesses have the reading ‘Philio’ too. Furthermore, several Cicero manuscripts preserve various examples of the alternative reading ‘Philio’. The reading ‘Philo’ in some other sources might be a mistake or a kind of nickname.
Taxing the Disposition Effect: The Impact of Tax Awareness on Investor Behavior
Authors: Bazley William J. , Moore Jordan , Murren Vosse Melina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStandard portfolio choice models predict that investors consider the tax implications of trading. However, individuals are disposed toward realizing gains and holding losing investments, behaviors that worsen their performance. We show, in an experimental market, that increasing tax salience reduces the disposition effect between 22% and 47%, leading to higher portfolio balances without increasing total trading activity. Using field data, we find that investors’ disposition is sensitive to taxes around tax rate changes when taxes are likely salient. Our analysis demonstrates that increasing tax awareness can affect households’ portfolio choices, which suggests policy implications for improving financial decision-making.
Do antidepressants prevent transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR-P)? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raballo Andrea , Poletti Michele , Preti Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmerging meta-analytical evidence indicates that baseline exposure to antipsychotics in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is associated with a higher risk of an imminent transition to psychosis. Despite their tolerability profile and potential beneficial effects, baseline exposure to antidepressants (AD) in CHR-P has surprisingly received far less attention as a potential risk modulator for transition to psychosis. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to fix such a knowledge gap.MethodsSystematic scrutiny of Medline and Cochrane library, performed up to 1 August 2021, searching for English-language studies on CHR-P reporting numeric data about the sample, the transition outcome at a predefined follow-up time and raw data on AD baseline exposure in relation to such outcome.ResultsOf 1942 identified records, 16 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. 26% of the participants were already exposed to AD at baseline; at the end of the follow-up 13.5% (95% CI 10.2–17.1%) of them (n = 448) transitioned to psychosis against 21.0% (18.9 to 23.3%) of non-AD exposed CHR-P (n = 1371). CHR-P participants who were already under AD treatment at baseline had a lower risk of transition than non-AD exposed CHR-P. The RR was 0.71 (95% CI 0.56–0.90) in the fixed-effects model (z = −2.79; p = 0.005), and 0.78 (0.58–1.05) in the random-effects model (z = −1.77; p = 0.096; tau-squared = 0.059). There was no relevant heterogeneity (Cochran's Q = 18.45; df = 15; p = 0.239; I2 = 18.7%).ConclusionsOngoing AD exposure at inception in CHR-P is associated to a reduced risk of transition to psychosis at follow up.
Coexistence of Two Dune Growth Mechanisms in a Landscape‐Scale Experiment
Authors: Lü Ping , Narteau Clément , Dong Zhibao , Claudin Philippe , Rodriguez Sébastien , An Zhishan , Gadal Cyril , Courrech du Pont Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn landscape‐scale experiments at the edge of the Gobi desert, we show that various dune types develop simultaneously under natural wind conditions. Using 4 years of high‐resolution topographic data, we demonstrate that, depending on sand availability, the same wind regime can lead to two different dune orientations, which reflect two independent dune growth mechanisms. As periodic oblique dunes emerge from a sand bed and develop to 2 m in height, we analyze defect dynamics that drive the non‐linear phase of pattern coarsening. Starting from conical sand heaps deposited on gravels, we observe the transition from dome to barchan and asymmetric barchan shapes. We identify a minimum size for arm elongation and evaluate the contribution of wind reversals to its longitudinal alignment. These experimental field observations support existing theoretical models of dune dynamics boosting confidence in their applicability for quantitative predictions of dune evolution under various wind regimes and bed conditions.
Active Ground Patterns Near Mars' Equator in the Glen Torridon Region of Gale Crater
Authors: Hallet Bernard , Sletten Ronald S. , Malin Michael , Mangold Nicolas , Sullivan Robert J. , Fairén Alberto G. , Martínez Germán , Baker Mariah , Schieber Juergen , Martin‐Torres Javier , Zorzano Maria‐Paz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn Mars, near the equator, much of the terrain in Gale Crater consists of bedrock outcrops separated by relatively smooth, uniform regolith surfaces. In scattered sites, however, distinct patterns—in the form and texture of the ground surface—contrast sharply with the typical terrain and with eolian bedforms. This paper focuses on these diverse, intriguing ground patterns. They include ∼1 to >10 m‐long linear disruptions of uniform regolith surfaces, alignments, and other arrangements of similar‐sized rock fragments and shallow, ∼0.1 m‐wide sandy troughs 1–10 m in length. Similar features were recognized early in the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, but they received only limited attention until Curiosity, the MSL rover, encountered striking examples in the Glen Torridon region. Herein, the ground patterns are illustrated with rover images. Potential mechanisms are briefly discussed in the context of the bedrock composition and atmospheric conditions documented by Curiosity. The evidence suggests that the patterns are active forms of spontaneous granular organization. It leads to the hypothesis that the patterns arise and develop from miniscule, inferred cyclic expansion and contraction of the bedrock and regolith, likely driven by oscillating transfers of energy and moisture between the atmosphere and the terrain. The hypothesis has significant implications for studies of contemporary processes on Mars on both sides of the atmosphere‐lithosphere interface. The ground patterns, as well as ripples and dunes formed by the wind, constitute remarkable extra‐terrestrial examples of granular self‐organization, complex phenomena well known in diverse systems on Earth.
Exploring the Dynamics of an Arctic Sea Ice Melt Event Using a Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean Single‐Column Model (AOSCM)
Authors: Hartung Kerstin , Svensson Gunilla , Holt Jareth , Lewinschal Anna , Tjernström Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Arctic climate system is host to many processes which interact vertically over the tightly coupled atmosphere, sea ice and ocean. The coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean Single‐Column Model (AOSCM) allows to decouple local small‐scale and large‐scale processes to investigate the model performance in an idealized setting. Here, an observed Arctic warm air intrusion event is used to show how to identify model deficiencies using the AOSCM. The AOSCM allows us to effectively produce a large number of perturbation simulations, around 1,000, to map sensitivities of the model results due to changes in physical and model properties as well as to the large‐scale tendencies. The analysis of the summary diagnostics, that is, aggregated results from sensitivity experiments evaluated against modeled physical properties, such as surface energy budget and mean sea ice thickness, reveals sensitivities to the chosen parameters. Further, we discuss how the conclusions can be used to understand the behavior of the global host model. The simulations confirm that the horizontal advection of heat and moisture plays an important role for maintaining a low‐level cloud cover, as in earlier studies. The combined cloud layers increase the energy input to the surface, which in turn enhances the ongoing melt. The clouds present an additional sensitivity in terms of how they are represented but also their interaction with the large‐scale advection and the model time step. The methodology can be used for a variety of other regions, where the coupling to the ocean is important.
The immuno-behavioural covariation associated with the treatment response to bumetanide in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li Qingyang , Zhang Lingli , Shan Haidi , Yu Juehua , Dai Yuan , He Hua , Li Wei-Guang , Langley Christelle , Sahakian Barbara J. , Yao Yin , Luo Qiang , Li Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBumetanide, a drug being studied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may act to restore gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function, which may be modulated by the immune system. However, the interaction between bumetanide and the immune system remains unclear. Seventy-nine children with ASD were analysed from a longitudinal sample for a 3-month treatment of bumetanide. The covariation between symptom improvements and cytokine changes was calculated and validated by sparse canonical correlation analysis. Response patterns to bumetanide were revealed by clustering analysis. Five classifiers were used to test whether including the baseline information of cytokines could improve the prediction of the response patterns using an independent test sample. An immuno-behavioural covariation was identified between symptom improvements in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the cytokine changes among interferon (IFN)-γ, monokine induced by gamma interferon and IFN-α2. Using this covariation, three groups with distinct response patterns to bumetanide were detected, including the best (21.5%, n = 17; Hedge’s g of improvement in CARS = 2.16), the least (22.8%, n = 18; g = 1.02) and the medium (55.7%, n = 44; g = 1.42) responding groups. Including the cytokine levels significantly improved the prediction of the best responding group before treatment (the best area under the curve, AUC = 0.832) compared with the model without the cytokine levels (95% confidence interval of the improvement in AUC was [0.287, 0.319]). Cytokine measurements can help in identifying possible responders to bumetanide in ASD children, suggesting that immune responses may interact with the mechanism of action of bumetanide to enhance the GABA function in ASD.
Unraveling function and diversity of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome
Authors: Cohen Louis J. , Han Sun M. , Lau Pearson , Guisado Daniela , Liang Yupu , Nakashige Toshiki G. , Ali Thamina , Chiang David , Rahman Adeeb , Brady Sean F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms by which commensal organisms affect human physiology remain poorly understood. Lectins are non-enzymatic carbohydrate binding proteins that all organisms employ as part of establishing a niche, evading host-defenses and protecting against pathogens. Although lectins have been extensively studied in plants, bacterial pathogens and human immune cells for their role in disease pathophysiology and as therapeutics, the role of bacterial lectins in the human microbiome is largely unexplored. Here we report on the characterization of a lectin produced by a common human associated bacterium that interacts with myeloid cells in the blood and intestine. In mouse and cell-based models, we demonstrate that this lectin induces distinct immunologic responses in peripheral and intestinal leukocytes and that these responses are specific to monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Our analysis of human microbiota sequencing data reveal thousands of unique sequences that are predicted to encode lectins, many of which are highly prevalent in the human microbiome yet completely uncharacterized. Based on the varied domain architectures of these lectins we predict they will have diverse effects on the human host. The systematic investigation of lectins in the human microbiome should improve our understanding of human health and provide new therapeutic opportunities.
The influence of Holliday junction sequence and dynamics on DNA crystal self-assembly
Authors: Simmons Chad R. , MacCulloch Tara , Krepl Miroslav , Matthies Michael , Buchberger Alex , Crawford Ilyssa , Šponer Jiří , Šulc Petr , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Yan Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe programmable synthesis of rationally engineered crystal architectures for the precise arrangement of molecular species is a foundational goal in nanotechnology, and DNA has become one of the most prominent molecules for the construction of these materials. In particular, branched DNA junctions have been used as the central building block for the assembly of 3D lattices. Here, crystallography is used to probe the effect of all 36 immobile Holliday junction sequences on self-assembling DNA crystals. Contrary to the established paradigm in the field, most junctions yield crystals, with some enhancing the resolution or resulting in unique crystal symmetries. Unexpectedly, even the sequence adjacent to the junction has a significant effect on the crystal assemblies. Six of the immobile junction sequences are completely resistant to crystallization and thus deemed “fatal,” and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that these junctions invariably lack two discrete ion binding sites that are pivotal for crystal formation. The structures and dynamics detailed here could be used to inform future designs of both crystals and DNA nanostructures more broadly, and have potential implications for the molecular engineering of applied nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and catalysis within the crystalline context.
Intercalation-driven ferroelectric-to-ferroelastic conversion in a layered hybrid perovskite crystal
Authors: Wu Zhenyue , Li Shunning , Yousry Yasmin Mohamed , Wong Walter P. D. , Wang Xinyun , Ma Teng , Chen Zhefeng , Shao Yan , Liew Weng Heng , Yao Kui , Pan Feng , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted intense interests due to their quantum well structure and tunable excitonic properties. As an alternative to the well-studied divalent metal hybrid perovskite based on Pb2+, Sn2+ and Cu2+, the trivalent metal-based (eg. Sb3+ with ns2 outer-shell electronic configuration) hybrid perovskite with the A3M2X9 formula (A = monovalent cations, M = trivalent metal, X = halide) offer intriguing possibilities for engineering ferroic properties. Here, we synthesized 2D ferroelectric hybrid perovskite (TMA)3Sb2Cl9 with measurable in-plane and out-of-plane polarization. Interestingly, (TMA)3Sb2Cl9 can be intercalated with FeCl4 ions to form a ferroelastic and piezoelectric single crystal, (TMA)4-Fe(iii)Cl4-Sb2Cl9. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the unusual mechanism of ferroelectric-ferroelastic crossover in these crystals.
Untangling the changing impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination on European COVID-19 trajectories
Authors: Ge Yong , Zhang Wen-Bin , Wu Xilin , Ruktanonchai Corrine W. , Liu Haiyan , Wang Jianghao , Song Yongze , Liu Mengxiao , Yan Wei , Yang Juan , Cleary Eimear , Qader Sarchil H. , Atuhaire Fatumah , Ruktanonchai Nick W. , Tatem Andrew J. , Lai Shengjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccination are two fundamental approaches for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the real-world impact of NPIs versus vaccination, or a combination of both, on COVID-19 remains uncertain. To address this, we built a Bayesian inference model to assess the changing effect of NPIs and vaccination on reducing COVID-19 transmission, based on a large-scale dataset including epidemiological parameters, virus variants, vaccines, and climate factors in Europe from August 2020 to October 2021. We found that (1) the combined effect of NPIs and vaccination resulted in a 53% (95% confidence interval: 42–62%) reduction in reproduction number by October 2021, whereas NPIs and vaccination reduced the transmission by 35% and 38%, respectively; (2) compared with vaccination, the change of NPI effect was less sensitive to emerging variants; (3) the relative effect of NPIs declined 12% from May 2021 due to a lower stringency and the introduction of vaccination strategies. Our results demonstrate that NPIs were complementary to vaccination in an effort to reduce COVID-19 transmission, and the relaxation of NPIs might depend on vaccination rates, control targets, and vaccine effectiveness concerning extant and emerging variants.