bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correction of congenital penile curvature in young men
Authors: Baskin  , Lue  
Published: July 2002

Objective To determine the long‐term outcome of multiple parallel plication (MPP) used for correcting congenital penile curvature (with normal urethra and corpus spongiosum), a technique which takes account of the greater force of erection in young men (mean arterial pressure ≈100 mmHg) than in neonates (≈60 mmHg).Patients and methodsAll young men who underwent surgical correction of congenital penile curvature using the multiple parallel plication technique between 1992 and 1995 were reviewed, from their charts and by a telephone survey.ResultsTen patients (mean age 22.3 years, sd 4, range 17–29) were identified, all of whom had been followed for more than one year (mean 2.8, sd 1.3, range 1.2–4.8). All 10 patients reported a preoperative curvature of 60–90°; postoperatively, eight of the 10 patients had a successful outcome, based on self‐documentation of a straighter penis (eight) and/or satisfactory intercourse (four). Two of these eight requested follow‐up plications to correct a residual curvature of 15°. All patients reported feeling the sutures as a small bump on the dorsal aspect of the penis. In one patient this was considered bothersome, but it did not interfere with intercourse. In one patient the curvature recurred 5 weeks after surgery, following intercourse. Another patient was lost to follow‐up and could not be evaluated.Conclusion The MPP technique has the following advantages; it entails no dissection of the neurovascular bundle or corpus spongiosum of the tunica, avoiding complications (such as impotence and urethral injury) that may occur with manipulation of these structures; it can be performed under local anaesthesia and can be completed within 30 min; suture cut‐through is unlikely because the dorsum (12 o’clock position) of the tunica albuginea is the thickest and hence strongest area of the corporal body; and the straightness of the penis can be determined easily because erection is sustained throughout the procedure. The disadvantages of the MPP technique are; several small bumps from the nonabsorbable sutures may be palpable, and the patient needs to be informed of this preoperatively; aspiration and phenylephrine injection may be required to prevent priapism.
Experimental human muscle pain induced by intramuscular injections of bradykinin, serotonin, and substance P
Authors: Babenko Victor , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas , Svensson Peter , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: July 2002

After intramuscular (m. tibialis anterior) injection of three different algogenic substances, the pain intensity was continuously scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS) in eight volunteers. The subject drew the distribution of the local and referred pain areas on a map. Four times within the first hour after injection, the pressure pain–thresholds (PPTs) and supra pressure–pain thresholds were assessed at the injection point, 2 cm distal from the injection site, at the arm, and at the contralateral leg. Measurements were done before and after injection of 0.5 ml of the algogenic substance [bradykinin (BKN), serotonin (5‐HT), substance P (SP)], and isotonic saline as control. Cutaneous sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was assessed with a Von Frey hair at the same location as PPT determinations.The pain intensity (VAS‐peak) after BKN (2, 4, and 10 nmol) and 5‐HT (2, 4, and 20 nmol) was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than after SP (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 nmol) and isotonic saline. The VAS‐peak after infusions of hypertonic saline was significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared with VAS‐peaks after all other substances. A significantly larger (p< 0.05) local pain area was found after BKN compared with isotonic saline. After injections of hypertonic saline, the offsets of evoked pain were significantly longer (p< 0.05) and the local and referred pain areas were significantly larger (p< 0.05) compared with all other substances. There was no dose–response relation between the pain intensity and the different doses of BKN, 5‐HT, and SP. PPTs and skin sensitivity were not affected by any of the injections.We conclude that under the present experimental conditions, BKN and 5‐HT can produce low levels of muscle pain after intramuscular injection. In the used concentrations, however, BKN, 5‐HT, and SP did not generate cutaneous or muscular hyperalgesia.
An Inhibitor of Exported Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glutamine Synthetase Selectively Blocks the Growth of Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Axenic Culture and in Human Monocytes: Extracellular Proteins as Potential Novel Drug Targets
Authors: Harth Günter , Horwitz Marcus A. 
Published: July 2002

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria export abundant quantities of proteins into their extracellular milieu when growing either axenically or within phagosomes of host cells. One major extracellular protein, the enzyme glutamine synthetase, is of particular interest because of its link to pathogenicity. Pathogenic mycobacteria, but not nonpathogenic mycobacteria, export large amounts of this protein. Interestingly, export of the enzyme is associated with the presence of a poly-l-glutamate/glutamine structure in the mycobacterial cell wall. In this study, we investigated the influence of glutamine synthetase inhibitors on the growth of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria and on the poly-l-glutamate/glutamine cell wall structure.
The inhibitor l-methionine-S-sulfoximine rapidly inactivated purified M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase, which was 100-fold more sensitive to this inhibitor than a representative mammalian glutamine synthetase. Added to cultures of pathogenic mycobacteria, l-methionine- S-sulfoximine rapidly inhibited extracellular glutamine synthetase in a concentration-dependent manner but had only a minimal effect on cellular glutamine synthetase, a finding consistent with failure of the drug to cross the mycobacterial cell wall. Remarkably, the inhibitor selectively blocked the growth of pathogenic mycobacteria, all of which release glutamine synthetase extracellularly, but had no effect on nonpathogenic mycobacteria or nonmycobacterial microorganisms, none of which release glutamine synthetase extracellularly. The inhibitor was also bacteriostatic for M. tuberculosis in human mononuclear phagocytes (THP-1 cells), the pathogen's primary host cells. Paralleling and perhaps underlying its bacteriostatic effect, the inhibitor markedly reduced the amount of poly-l-glutamate/glutamine cell wall structure in M. tuberculosis.
Although it is possible that glutamine synthetase inhibitors interact with additional extracellular proteins or structures, our findings support the concept that extracellular proteins of M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria are worthy targets for new antibiotics. Such proteins constitute readily accessible targets of these relatively impermeable organisms, which are rapidly developing resistance to conventional antibiotics.
What do societies and publishers want from publishing partnerships?
Authors: Bull David , Hezlet Susan 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis article looks at the requirements of both the society and publisher when entering into a publishing partnership. These partnerships are driven by more than just income considerations. Visibility for the product and expertise in both publishing and the academic assessment of content and publication are considered. The assumption that the society only provides academic assessment and the publisher only provides publishing skills is questioned.
Free electronic refereed journals: getting past the arc of enthusiasm
Authors: Crawford Walt 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDo free electronic refereed journals represent one viable alternative to overpriced commercial journals? This informal study looked at 104 titles listed in the 1995 Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists (published by the Association of Research Libraries) as being free, journals, and refereed. Taking five years of continuing publication as an initial sign of reasonable longevity (later raised to six years), the record shows reasonable promise. While quite a few early journals succumbed to the ‘arc of enthusiasm’, more than half are still publishing.
The closure diagram for nilpotent orbits of the split real form of 𝐸₇
Authors: Đoković Dragomir 
Published: July 2002

Let

O

1

\mathcal {O}_1

and

O

2

\mathcal {O}_2

be adjoint nilpotent orbits in a real semisimple Lie algebra. Write

O

1

≥

O

2

\mathcal {O}_1\geq \mathcal {O}_2

if

O

2

\mathcal {O}_2

is contained in the closure of

O

1

.

\mathcal {O}_1.

This defines a partial order on the set of such orbits, known as the closure ordering. We determine this order for the split real form E V of

E
7

.

E_7.
A geometric algorithm to find small but highly similar 3D substructures in proteins.
Authors: Pennec X , Ayache N 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Most biological actions of proteins depend on some typical parts of their three-dimensional structure, called 3D motifs. It is desirable to find automatically common geometric substructures between proteins to discover similarities in new structures or to model precisely a particular motif. Most algorithms for structural comparison of proteins deal with large (fold) similarities. Here, we focus on small but precise similarities. RESULTS: We propose a new 3D substructure matching algorithm based on geometric hashing techniques. The key feature of the method is the introduction of a 3D reference frame attached to each residue. This allows us to reduce drastically the complexity of the recognition. Our experimental results confirm the validity of the approach and allow us to find smaller similarities than previous methods. AVAILABILITY: The program uses commercial libraries and thus cannot be completely freely distributed. It can be found at ftp://www.inria.fr in the directory epidaure/Outgoing/xpennec/Prospect, but it requires a key to be run, available by request to xavier.pennec@sophia.inria.fr CONTACT: Xavier.Pennec@sophia.inria.fr; Nicholas.Ayache@sophia.inria.fr
FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences
Authors: Halperin Eran , Faigler Simchon , Gill-More Raveh 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Automated annotation of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) is becoming increasingly important as EST databases continue to grow rapidly. A common approach to annotation is to align the gene fragments against well-documented databases of protein sequences. The sensitivity of the alignment algorithm is key to the success of such methods.
Results: This paper introduces a new algorithm, FramePlus, for DNA–protein sequence alignment. The SCOP database was used to develop a general framework for testing the sensitivity of such alignment algorithms when searching large databases. Using this framework, the performance of FramePlus was found to be somewhat better than other algorithms in the presence of moderate and high rates of frameshift errors, and comparable to Translated Searchin the absence of sequencing errors.
Availability: The source code for FramePlus and the testing datasets are freely available at ftp.compugen.co.il/pub/research.
Contact: raveh@compugen.co.il
Variations on probabilistic suffix trees: statistical modeling

and prediction of protein families
Authors: Bejerano Gill , Yona Golan 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: We present a method for modeling protein families by means of probabilistic suffix trees (PSTs). The method is based on identifying significant patterns in a set of related protein sequences. The patterns can be of arbitrary length, and the input sequences do not need to be aligned, nor is delineation of domain boundaries required. The method is automatic, and can be applied, without assuming any preliminary biological information, with surprising success. Basic biological considerations such as amino acid background probabilities, and amino acids substitution probabilities can be incorporated to improve performance.
Results: The PST can serve as a predictive tool for protein sequence classification, and for detecting conserved patterns (possibly functionally or structurally important) within protein sequences. The method was tested on the Pfam database of protein families with more than satisfactory performance. Exhaustive evaluations show that the PST model detects much more related sequences than pairwise methods such as Gapped-BLAST, and is almost as sensitive as a hidden Markov model that is trained from a multiple alignment of the input sequences, while being much faster.
Availability: The programs are available upon request from the authors.
Contact: jill@cs.huji.ac.il; golan@cs.cornell.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
3 Address starting from January 2001: Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Dynamical characterization of residual and non‐native structures in a partially folded protein by 15N NMR relaxation using a model based on a distribution of correlation times
Authors: Ochsenbein Françoise , Neumann Jean‐Michel , Guittet Eric , Van Heijenoort Carine 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA spectral density model based on a truncated lorentzian distribution of correlation times is used to analyze the nanosecond time‐scale dynamics of the partially unfolded domain 2 of annexin I from its 15N NMR relaxation parameters measured at three magnetic field strengths. The use of a distribution of correlation times enables the characterization of the dynamical features of the NH bonds of the protein in terms of heterogeneity of dynamical states in the nanosecond range. The variation along the sequence of the two dynamical parameters introduced, namely the center and the width of the distribution, points out the different types of residual secondary structures present in the D2 domain. Moreover, it allows a physically sensible interpretation of the dynamical behavior of the different residual helices and of the non‐native structures. Also, a striking correspondence is found between the parameters obtained using an extended Lipari and Szabo model and the parameters obtained using the distribution of correlation times. This result led us to propose a specific interpretation of the model‐free order parameter for internal motions in the nanosecond range in the case of unfolded states.
Vehicular Networks and Vehicle‐to‐Infrastructure (V2I) Networking
Authors: Chen Xianhao , Zhu Guangyu , Deng Yiqin , Fang Yuguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVehicular network is an essential part of the contemporary wireless network, which plays a vital role in intelligent transportation system (ITS). Driven by the ever‐increasing needs for making our lives and cities smart, vehicular network nowadays goes beyond the information exchange among vehicles, transforming to “vehicle‐to‐everything” (V2X). In this article, we present the fundamentals of vehicular networks and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) networking, called V2X networking for simplicity. First of all, we start by discussing the emerging use cases for V2X networking, together with their service requirements. Second, we elaborate on several vehicular networking technologies and protocols, with the main focus on dedicated short‐range communications (DSRCs) and cellular V2X. At last, we provide the outlooks for future V2X networks and identify the research challenges.
Electrolyte Optimization and Interphase Regulation for Significantly Enhanced Storage Capability in Ca‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Song Huawei , Li Yan , Tian Fei , Wang Chengxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrolyte solvent, salt, and additive directly determine many battery indicators such as voltage limit, safe reliability, and temperature limit. In Ca‐metal batteries, suitable electrolyte and interphase are necessary to achieve reversible calcium plating/stripping, which is challenging for F‐based salts at room temperature. Ion transport and charge transfer in calcium batteries with Ca(BF4)2‐NaPF6 electrolyte are regulated for the first time by altering solvent and salt categories and ratios, achieving adjustable interphase species and microstructure, calcium deposition/dissolution overpotentials, and cycling stability. The optimized electrolyte of 0.1 m Ca(BF4)2‐0.9 m NaPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (7:1:6:6, v/v) contributes to the most stable Ca plating/stripping cycling and the weakest overpotential, as well as Na/Ca‐based hybrid solid electrolyte interphases including proper amount of organic matter. Ca‐metal batteries with the optimized electrolyte achieve an ultrahigh reversible capacity of ≈290 mAh g−1 (at 200 mA g−1 and 1.2–4.5 V), almost four times more than that of counterpart ones (≈65 mAh g−1), equivalent to energy/power performance of ≈616 Wh kg−1 at 429 W kg−1 among the best ones for multivalent ion rechargeable metal batteries.
Intracellular Mechanical Drugs Induce Cell‐Cycle Altering and Cell Death
Authors: Arjona María Isabel , Duch Marta , Hernández‐Pinto Alberto , Vázquez Patricia , Agusil Juan Pablo , Gómez‐Martínez Rodrigo , Redondo‐Horcajo Mariano , Amirthalingam Ezhil , Pérez‐García Lluïsa , Suárez Teresa , Plaza José A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent advances in materials science have demonstrated that extracellular mechanical cues can define cell function and cell fate. However, a fundamental understanding of the manner in which intracellular mechanical cues affect cell mechanics remains elusive. How intracellular mechanical hindrance, reinforcement, and supports interfere with the cell cycle and promote cell death is described here. Reproducible devices with highly controlled size, shape, and with a broad range of stiffness are internalized in HeLa cells. Once inside, they induce characteristic cell‐cycle deviations and promote cell death. Device shape and stiffness are the dominant determinants of mechanical impairment. Device structural support to the cell membrane and centering during mitosis maximize their effects, preventing spindle centering, and correct chromosome alignment. Nanodevices reveal that the spindle generates forces larger than 114 nN which overcomes intracellular confinement by relocating the device to a less damaging position. By using intracellular mechanical drugs, this work provides a foundation to defining the role of intracellular constraints on cell function and fate, with relevance to fundamental cell mechanics and nanomedicine.
Formation of Linear Oligomers in Solid Electrolyte Interphase via Two‐Electron Reduction of Ethylene Carbonate
Authors: Liu Yue , Wu Yu , Sun Qintao , Ma Bingyun , Yu Peiping , Xu Liang , Xie Miao , Yang Hao , Cheng Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a significant role in enhancing the stability and durability of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) by separating highly reactive lithium metal anode (LMA) from the electrolyte to avoid continuous degradation. However, the underlying reaction mechanism is still far from clear. Herein, a hybrid ab initio and reactive force field (HAIR) method is employed to extend the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to 1 ns, which provides crystal information about the reaction mechanism of elementary reactions that can explain the components and morphology evolution of SEI formation. Specifically, HAIR simulation confirms the two‐electron (2e–) reduction of ethylene carbonate (EC) by releasing CO and CO2, agreeing with phenomenal experiment observation. As the unsaturated intermediates accumulate, polymerization reactions occur, producing linear polyethylene oxide (PEO), Li2OCO2CH2CH2, Li2OCO2(CH2)4, etc., which regulate the formation of outer organic layer (OOL) that consists of linear polyethylene oxide (PEO), Li2OCO2CH2CH2, Li2OCO2(CH2)4, etc., and the inner inorganic layer (IIL) mainly consists of LiF and Li2O. Simulations at low concentration (LC, 1M) and high concentration (HC, 5M) reveal significantly different reaction pathways when HC electrolyte can significantly promote the formation of homogenous LiF that has been regarded as an important component to facilitate robust SEI.
Spontaneous Membranization in a Silk‐Based Coacervate Protocell Model
Authors: Yin Zhuping , Tian Liangfei , Patil Avinash J. , Li Mei , Mann Stephen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMolecularly crowded coacervate micro‐droplets are useful protocell constructs but the absence of a physical membrane limits their application as cytomimetic models. Auxiliary surface‐active agents have been harnessed to stabilize the coacervate droplets by irreversible shell formation but endogenous processes of reversible membranization have received minimal attention. Herein, we describe a dynamic alginate/silk coacervate‐based protocell model in which membrane‐less droplets are reversibly reconfigured and inflated into semipermeable coacervate vesicles by spontaneous self‐organization of amphiphilic silk polymers at the droplet surface under non‐neutral charge conditions in the absence of auxiliary agents. We show that membranization can be reversibly controlled endogenously by programming the pH within the protocells using an antagonistic enzyme system such that structural reconfigurations in the protocell microstructure are coupled to the trafficking of water‐soluble solutes. Our results open new perspectives in the design of hybrid protocell models with dynamical structural properties.
When influencers are not very influential: The negative effects of social media verification
Authors: Dumas Jazlyn Elizabeth , Stough Rusty Allen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs social media usage has grown over the recent past, so too has a new form of celebrity: social media influencers (SMIs). It can be difficult for consumers to know whether the influencers they are following are real. To combat this, social media sites introduced user verification. Verification, denoted by a blue checkmark badge visible in search and on one's profile, is ostensibly a way of confirming one's identity, yet only accounts with large followings are awarded verification status by the platform. In this paper, we investigate the perception of verification in the context of SMIs, a topic relatively absent from the literature despite the billions of dollars spent on partnerships. Specifically, we investigate if consumers perceive verification as more directly associated with credibility or celebrity. Further, we consider whether the fit of the influencer with the advertisement yields discrepancies in consumers' trust of the advertisement and endorser in paid partnerships on social media. Through two studies, we find that consumers associate verification most closely with celebrity, rather than authenticity and that when the influencer is advertising a product that does not fit with their brand, consumers are significantly less likely to trust verified accounts rather than unverified accounts. This study has theoretical implications for marketing researchers as well as practical implications for marketing managers. Verified influencers cost more; therefore, this research provides unique insights for brands to capitalize their ad return if they are made aware of the implications associated with verification.
Management of a radiopaque foreign body associated with a lower first premolar: A case report
Authors: Yagmoor Mohammed , Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Mandourah Olfah , Alsofi Loai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOperator mishaps significantly affects root canal treatment outcome. However, several factors affect root canal anatomy of teeth. Therefore, knowledge of teeth anatomy and the use of advanced technologies like cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnification, and illumination are crucial for better diagnostic purposes and to avoid any procedural errors. In this case report, we present a case of a 32‐year‐old male patient with a radiopaque foreign body associated with a lower first premolar tooth and how do the use of advanced technologies could affect the treatment outcome.