bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero‐inflated Poisson model with clustered regression coefficients: Application to heterogeneity learning of field goal attempts of professional basketball players
Authors: Hu Guanyu , Yang Hou‐Cheng , Xue Yishu , Dey Dipak K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough basketball is a dynamic process sport, played between two sides of five players each, learning some static information is essential for professional players, coaches, and team managers. In order to have a deep understanding of field goal attempts among different players, we propose a zero‐inflated Poisson model with clustered regression coefficients to learn the shooting habits of different players over the court and the heterogeneity among them. Specifically, the zero‐inflated model captures a large portion of the court with zero field goal attempts, and the mixture of finite mixtures model captures the heterogeneity among different players based on clustered regression coefficients and inflated probabilities. Both theoretical and empirical justification through simulation studies validate our proposed method. We apply our proposed model to data from the National Basketball Association (NBA), for learning players' shooting habits and heterogeneity among different players over the 2017–2018 regular season. This illustrates our model as a way of providing insights from different aspects.
Exploring links from sensory perception to movement and behavioral motivation in the caudal nidopallium of female songbirds
Authors: Bloomston Natalie A , Zaharas Kristina , Lawley Koedi , Fenn Thomas , Person Emily , Huber Holly , Zhang Zhaojie , Prather Jonathan F 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecision making resides at the interface between sensory perception and movement production. Female songbirds in the context of mate choice are an excellent system to define neural circuits through which sensory perception influences production of courtship behaviors. Previous experiments by our group and others have implicated secondary auditory brain sites, including the caudal nidopallium (NC), in mediating behavioral indicators of mate choice. Here, we used anterograde tracer molecules to define projections that emerge from NC in female songbirds, identifying pathways through which NC influences downstream sites implicated in signal processing and decision making. Our results reveal that NC sends projections into the arcopallium, including the ventral intermediate arcopallium (AIV). Previous work revealed that AIV also receives input from another auditory area implicated in song preference and mate choice (caudal mesopallium, CM), suggesting that convergent input from multiple auditory areas may play important roles in initiating mate choice behaviors. In the present results, NC projects to an area implicated in postural and locomotory control (dorsal arcopallium, Ad), suggesting that NC may play a role in directing those forms of copulatory behavior. NC projections also systematically avoid a vocal motor region of the arcopallium that is innervated by CM (robust nucleus of the arcopallium). These results suggest a model in which both NC and CM project to arcopallial pathways implicated in behavioral motivation. These brain regions may exert different influences on pathways through which auditory information can direct different facets of behavioral responses to information detected in those auditory signals.
Impact of COVID‐19 social distancing measures on routine mental health care provision and treatment outcome for common mental disorders in the Netherlands
Authors: de Beurs Edwin , Blankers Matthijs , Peen Jaap , Rademacher Clara , Podgorski Alicja , Dekker Jack 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe uptake of digital interventions in mental health care (MHC) has been slow, as many therapists and patients believe that in‐person contact is essential for establishing a good working relationship and good outcomes in treatment. The public health policies regarding social distancing during the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic forced an abrupt transformation of MHC provisions for outpatients: Since mid‐March 2020, nearly all in‐person contact was replaced with videoconferencing. The COVID‐19 crisis offered a unique opportunity to investigate whether MHC with videoconferencing yields inferior results as compared to in‐person interventions.MethodIn a large urban MHC facility in the Netherlands, measurement‐based care is routine practice. Outcome data are regularly collected to support shared decision making and monitor patient progress. For this study, pretest and post‐test data were used to compare outcomes for three cohorts: treatments performed prior to, partially during and entirely during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Outcomes were compared in two large data sets: Basic MHC (N = 1392) and Specialized MHC (N = 1040).ResultsTherapeutic outcomes appeared robust for COVID‐19 conditions across the three cohorts: No differences in outcomes were found between treatments that were conducted during lockdown compared to in‐person treatments prior to COVID‐19, or treatments which started in‐person, but needed to be continued by means of videoconferencing.DiscussionVideoconferencing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic had similar outcomes compared to traditional in‐person care. These real‐world results corroborate findings of previous randomized controlled studies and meta‐analyses in which videoconferencing and in‐person care has been directly compared in terms of clinical effectiveness.
A Simple Method for Fabrication of Self‐sharpened Silicon Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy Applications
Authors: Bagur Rudrappa Deepu , Bhat Venkatramana Venu , Ahmed Saleem , Sharma Avnish , Purakkat Savitha , Yeriyur Basavaiah Basavaraju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA simple and high yield method is presented for the bulk generation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes with self‐sharpened silicon tips. The experimental setup includes a controlled chemical etching environment at a constant temperature with continuous recirculation and filtration. A KOH solution is considered cost‐effective as the etchant and stabilized to the required concentration (55%, v/v) and temperature (40 °C), so as to provide an etch rate of 40 nm min−1 and yield a smooth etch profile. A high density of silicon tips is fabricated, with yield up to 90%, and a consistent tip radius of ≈12.73 ± 1.51 nm. These tips can be successfully integrated with AFM cantilevers, resulting in AFM probes. Further, such AFM‐probes are well characterized using laser Doppler vibrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The result shows a resonance frequency of 1.2–1.4 MHz and a high‐quality factor of ≈708.8. In addition, the AFM probes produced images are comparable in quality to those obtained from commercially available probes.
A variable fractional‐order inductor design
Authors: Zhang Li , Kartci Aslihan , Bagci Hakan , Salama Khaled N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, interest in fractional‐order inductors (FOIs) has increased since they allow for accurate and robust models of dynamical systems to be designed. However, practical implementation of these models has not been possible due to the lack of single FOI realizations. To address this challenge, in this work, we propose a simple‐to‐realize fractional‐order inductor design with variable constant phase angle (CPA). The design relies on characteristics of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode propagating on a coaxial structure filled with conductive material, more specifically NaCl‐water solution and flour‐based mixtures. The CPA of the resulting FOI can be tuned by changing the conductivity of the dough mixture. Analysis of the proposed FOI design show that the CPA can vary in a range from 0° to 90°. Two of these CPA values are verified against experiments in the frequency band changing from 1 to 10 MHz.
Classic indicators and diel dissolved oxygen versus trend analysis in assessing eutrophication of potable‐water reservoirs
Authors: Burkholder JoAnn M. , Kinder Carol A. , Dickey David A. , Reed Robert E. , Arellano Consuelo , James Jennifer L. , Mackenzie Linda M. , Allen Elle H. , Lindor Nicole L. , Mathis Joshua G. , Thomas Zachary T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPotable source‐water reservoirs are the main water supplies in many urbanizing regions, yet their long‐term responses to cultural eutrophication are poorly documented in comparison with natural lakes, creating major management uncertainties. Here, long‐term discrete data (June 2006–June 2018) for classical eutrophication water quality indicators, continuous depth‐profile data for dissolved oxygen (DO), and an enhanced hybrid statistical trend analysis model were used to evaluate the eutrophication status of a potable source‐water reservoir. Based on classical indicators (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P concentrations and ratios; phytoplankton biomass as chlorophyll a, chl a; and trophic state indices), the reservoir was eutrophic to hypereutrophic and stoichiometrically imbalanced. Anoxia/hypoxia occurred for 7–8 months annually systemwide, even throughout the water column for days to weeks in some years; and elevated total ammonia (up to ~900 μg tNH3 L−1) in surface waters from late summer/fall through late winter/early spring suggested substantial internal legacy nutrient loading. These surprising DO and tNH3 phenomena may characterize many reservoirs in urbanizing areas, and the associated cascade of negative impacts may increasingly affect them under global warming. Total organic carbon (TOC), seasonally influenced by phytoplankton biomass, commonly exceeded 6 mg L−1, which is problematic for potable‐water treatment, and significantly trended up over time. Wet‐year inflow dilution influenced an apparent decreasing trend in nutrients within the hypereutrophic upper reservoir, which receives most tributary inputs. Nevertheless, significant reservoirwide trends (increasing total phosphorus [TP], phytoplankton chl a, TOC) and mid‐ and/or lower region trends (increasing total nitrogen [TN], tNH3, decreasing TN:TP ratios) suggest that water quality degradation from eutrophication has worsened over time. These findings support broadly applicable recommendations to strengthen protection of potable source‐water reservoirs in urbanizing watersheds: (1) protective numeric water quality criteria are needed for TOC as well as TN, TP, and chl a; (2) continuous diel data capture more realistic DO conditions than traditional sampling, and can provide important insights for water treatment managers; and (3) assessment of reservoir eutrophication status to track management progress over time should emphasize classic indicators equally as statistical trends, which are highly sensitive to short‐term meteorological forcing
Similar cost of Hamiltonella defensa in experimental and natural aphid‐endosymbiont associations
Authors: Kaech Heidi , Jud Stephanie , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEndosymbiont‐conferred resistance to parasitoids is common in aphids, but comes at a cost to the host in the absence of parasitoids. In black bean aphids (Aphis fabae), costs in terms of reduced lifespan and lifetime reproduction were demonstrated by introducing 11 isolates of the protective symbiont Hamiltonella defensa into previously uninfected aphid clones. Transfection of H. defensa isolates into a common genetic background allows to compare the costs of different endosymbiont isolates unconfounded by host genetic variation, but has been suggested to overestimate the realized costs of the endosymbiont in natural populations, because transfection creates new and potentially maladapted host–symbiont combinations that would be eliminated by natural selection in the field. In this experiment, we show that removing H. defensa isolates from their natural host clones with antibiotics results in a fitness gain that is comparable to the fitness loss from their introduction into two new clones. This suggests that estimating cost by transfecting endosymbiont isolates into a shared host genotype does not lead to gross overestimates of their realized costs, at least not in the two recipient genotypes used here. By comparing our data with data reported in previous publications using the same lines, we show that symbiont‐induced costs may fluctuate over time. Thus, costs estimated after extended culture in the laboratory may not always be representative of the costs at the time of collection in the field. Finally, we report the accidental observation that two isolates from a distinct haplotype of H. defensa could not be removed by cefotaxime treatment, while all isolates from two other haplotypes were readily eliminated, which is suggestive of variation in susceptibility to this antibiotic in H. defensa.
Light and thermal niches of ground‐foraging Amazonian insectivorous birds
Authors: Jirinec Vitek , Rodrigues Patricia F. , Amaral Bruna R. , Stouffer Philip C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsectivores of the tropical rainforest floor are consistently among the most vulnerable birds to forest clearing and fragmentation. Several hypotheses attempt to explain this pattern, including sensitivity to extreme microclimates found near forest borders, particularly brighter and warmer conditions. Importantly, this “microclimate hypothesis” has additional implications for intact forest under global climate change that could be evaluated through direct assessment of the light and temperature environment of terrestrial insectivores. In this study, we harness novel technology to directly quantify the light and thermal niches of 10 species of terrestrial insectivores in undisturbed Amazonian rainforest. Loggers placed on birds (N = 33) and their environment (N = 9) recorded nearly continuous microclimate data from 2017 to 2019, amassing >5 million measurements. We found that midday light intensity in tree fall gaps (~39,000 lux) was >40 times higher than at the ground level of forest interior (950 lux). Light intensity registered by sensors placed on birds averaged 17.4 (range 3.9–41.5) lux, with species using only 4.3% (0.9%–10.4%) of available light on the forest floor. Birds therefore selected very dark microhabitats—the light environment was >2200 times brighter in tree fall gaps. Bird thermal niche was a function of ambient temperature as well as body temperature, which averaged >40.5°C but varied among species. Forest floor temperature peaked daily at 27.0°C, whereas bird loggers averaged 35.1°C (34.5–35.7°C) at midday. The antpitta Myrmothera campanisona and the antthrush Formicarius colma used thermal conditions closest to their body temperatures, whereas leaftossers (Sclerurus spp.) and Myrmornis torquata occupied relatively cool microclimates. We found no general link between abundance trends and variation in species‐specific light and thermal niches. However, all species occupied markedly dim and cool microclimates. Because such conditions are rare outside the interior of primary forest, these results support the microclimate hypothesis in disturbed landscapes. Moreover, strong avoidance of conditions that are becoming more common under climate change highlights the vulnerability of terrestrial insectivores even in the absence of disturbance and may be the reason for enigmatic declines in Amazonia and elsewhere.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Ferrocenyl β‐Ketoamines FcC(O)CH=C(NH(C6H4‐4‐R‘))R
Authors: Mahrholdt Julia , Kovalski Eduard , Rüffer Tobias , Vrček Valerije , Lang Heinrich 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFcC(O)CH=C(OH)R (1, R=Me; 2, R=Fc; Fc=Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)) reacts with 1‐H2N‐4‐R’‐C6H4 (3 a, R‘=Me; 3 b, R‘=OMe; 3 c, R‘=C≡N; 3 d, R‘=F) producing β‐ketoamines FcC(O)CH=C(NH(C6H4‐4‐R‘))R (4 a–d, R=Me; 5 a–d, R=Fc). Electrochemistry shows that 4 a–d possess one (4 a: E°′=90 mV; 4 b: E°′=80 mV; 4 c: E°′=145 mV; 4 d: E°′=95 mV) and 5a–d two (5 a: E°′1,2=90, 305 mV; 5 b: E°′1,2=85, 305 mV; 5 c: E°′1,2=155, 360 mV; 5 d: E°′1,2=105, 325 mV) reversible redox processes. In 5 a–d electrostatic interactions occur among Fc/[Fc]+ as oxidation progresses, as evidenced by UV/vis‐NIR spectroscopy. Compounds 4 a,d and 5 b,c display an irreversible N‐oxidation at 1100–1450 mV, while 4 b owns a reversible event at 910 mV. A linear relationship between the σ Hammett constants and the E°′1 values exists.
A finite difference Hermite RBF‐WENO scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Abedian Rooholah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the best ideas for controlling the Gibbs oscillations in hyperbolic conservation laws is to apply weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes. The traditional WENO and Hermite WENO (HWENO) schemes are based on the polynomial interpolation. In this research, a non‐polynomial HENO and HWENO finite difference scheme in order to enhance the local accuracy and convergence is proposed. The idea of the reconstruction in HWENO schemes is derived from traditional WENO schemes, with the difference that in traditional WENO schemes only function values are evolved and used, while in HWENO schemes both the values of the function and the first derivative of the function are evolved in time and used. The Hermite radial basis functions (RBFs) interpolation offers the flexibility to control the local error by optimizing the free parameter. The numerical results demonstrate that the developed Hermite RBF‐ENO and RBF‐WENO schemes enhance the local accuracy and give sharper solution profile than the Hermite ENO and WENO schemes based on the polynomial interpolation.
Intersubject correlation analysis reveals the plasticity of cerebral functional connectivity in the long‐term use of social media
Authors: Hu Bo , Yu Ying , Yan Lin‐Feng , Qi Guo‐Qing , Wu Dong , Li Yu‐Ting , Shi An‐Ping , Liu Chen‐Xi , Shang Yu‐Xuan , Li Ze‐Yang , Cui Guang‐Bin , Wang Wen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to the limitations of cross‐sectional studies, it is unclear whether social media induce brain changes, or if individuals with certain biological traits are more likely to use social media. Functional connectivity (FC) can reflect cerebral functional plasticity, and if social media can influence cerebral FC, then the FC of light social media users should be more similar to that of heavy users after they “heavily” used social media for a long period. We combined longitudinal study design and intersubject correlation (ISC) analysis to investigate this similarity. Thirty‐five heavy and 21 light social media users underwent cognitive tests and functional MRIs. The 21 light social media users underwent another functional MRI scan after completing an additional four‐week social media task. We conducted the ISC at the group, individual, and brain‐region levels to investigate the similarity of FC and locate the brain regions most affected by social media. The FC of light social media users was more similar to that of heavy social media users after they completed the four‐week social media task. Then, social media had an impact on half of the brain, involving almost all brain networks. Finally, cerebral FC that mostly affected by social media was associated with selective attention. We concluded that the impact of social media use on cerebral functional connectivity changes is revealed by ISC method and longitudinal design, which may provide guidance for clinical practice. The methods used in the current research could also be applied to similar domains.
Stability analysis on dual solutions of MHD Casson fluid flow with thermal and chemical reaction over a permeable elongating sheet
Authors: Dey Debasish , Borah Rupjyoti , Khound Ardhendu Sekhar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe endeavor of this study is to explore the nature of dual solutions (steady and unsteady) for the Casson fluid flow with the simultaneous consequences of both thermal and mass transmissions. The flow passes above an absorbent elongating sheet in the existence of a constant magnetic field. The supported leading equations are remodeled into a set of solvable forms with the assist of suitable similarity variables and hence deciphered utilizing the “MATLAB routine bvp4c scheme.” Due to the sudden changes in the surface with time, the temperature and flow behavior over the sheet also change, and hence dual‐type flow solutions exist. Stability scrutiny is implemented to examine the less (more) stable and visually achievable solutions. From this study, we have achieved many interesting facts, among them, we can use magnetic and Casson fluid parameters to control the motion of the fluid and to enlarge of thermal transmission of the fluid. This flow model has many important applications in different physical fields, such as engineering sciences, medical sciences, and different industrial processes. One of the most important results, which has been achieved from this investigation, is that the Prandtl number enriches the heat transfer rate of the fluid at the surface during the time‐independent case under the suction environment. Also, the chemical reaction parameter helps to enhance the mass accumulation rate of the fluid in both cases.
The effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the credit risk of US commercial banks
Authors: Orden‐Cruz Carmen , Paule‐Vianez Jessica , Lobão Júlio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on the credit risk of US commercial banks considering their size, profitability and solvency. To achieve this goal, a sample of 2994 US commercial banks was selected for the period 2017–2019. Using panel data, the results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between EPU and credit risk of US commercial banks. Banks of less profitability and less solvency were found to be more vulnerable to the effect of EPU on credit risk. No conclusive results were found regarding the impact of bank size on vulnerability to EPU. Overall, our evidence suggests that policy makers and bank managers should consider the effect of EPU on their decisions.
Tunable Ru‐Ru2P heterostructures with charge redistribution for efficient pH‐universal hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Ding , Yu Ruohan , Lu Ruihu , Pu Zonghua , Wang Pengyan , Zhu Jiawei , Ji Pengxia , Wu Dulan , Wu Jinsong , Zhao Yan , Kou Zongkui , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesigning synergistic heterogeneous catalytic interfaces is the key to developing highly compatible pH‐universal electrocatalysts for complex chemical environments. Our theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the Ru‐Ru2P heterointerface can not only promote the redistribution of charges, but also reduce the d‐band center, and then enhances the adsorption capacity of the key intermediate. However, in situ and facile synthesis of Ru‐Ru2P heterostructures is severely limited by thermodynamic obstacles. Herein, we propose a molten salt‐assisted catalytic synthesis scheme, and successfully build a series of homologous metallic Ru‐Ru2P heterostructure catalysts with different molar ratios of Ru to P under atmospheric pressure and low‐temperature (400°C). The resultant Ru‐Ru2P with rich heterostructures show the Pt‐like HER performance in different pH media. Particularly, it is prominent under alkaline conditions (18 mV @ 10 mA cm−2), which outperforms the Pt catalyst (37 mV @ 10 mA cm−2). Furthermore, Ru‐Ru2P heterostructures also show certain potential in the electrolysis of seawater to produce hydrogen. This work represents a significant supplement of high‐efficiency pH‐universal HER catalysts, and provides a new light on interface engineering in energy technology fields and beyond.