bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation and correlation in the timing of breeding of North Atlantic seabirds across multiple scales
Authors: Keogan Katharine , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah , Phillips Richard A. , Alvarez David , Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Barrett Robert T. , Bech Claus , Becker Peter H. , Berglund Per‐Arvid , Bouwhuis Sandra , Burr Zofia M. , Chastel Olivier , Christensen‐Dalsgaard Signe , Descamps Sebastien , Diamond Tony , Elliott Kyle , Erikstad Kjell‐Einar , Harris Mike , Hentati‐Sundberg Jonas , Heubeck Martin , Kress Stephen W. , Langset Magdalene , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Major Heather L. , Mallory Mark , Mellor Mick , Miles Will T. S. , Moe Børge , Mostello Carolyn , Newell Mark , Nisbet Ian , Reiertsen Tone Kirstin , Rock Jennifer , Shannon Paula , Varpe Øystein , Lewis Sue , Phillimore Albert B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTiming of breeding, an important driver of fitness in many populations, is widely studied in the context of global change, yet despite considerable efforts to identify environmental drivers of seabird nesting phenology, for most populations we lack evidence of strong drivers. Here we adopt an alternative approach, examining the degree to which different populations positively covary in their annual phenology to infer whether phenological responses to environmental drivers are likely to be (a) shared across species at a range of spatial scales, (b) shared across populations of a species or (c) idiosyncratic to populations.We combined 51 long‐term datasets on breeding phenology spanning 50 years from nine seabird species across 29 North Atlantic sites and examined the extent to which different populations share early versus late breeding seasons depending on a hierarchy of spatial scales comprising breeding site, small‐scale region, large‐scale region and the whole North Atlantic.In about a third of cases, we found laying dates of populations of different species sharing the same breeding site or small‐scale breeding region were positively correlated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that they share phenological responses to the same environmental conditions. In comparison, we found no evidence for positive phenological covariation among populations across species aggregated at larger spatial scales.In general, we found little evidence for positive phenological covariation between populations of a single species, and in many instances the inter‐year variation specific to a population was substantial, consistent with each population responding idiosyncratically to local environmental conditions. Black‐legged kittiwakeRissa tridactylawas the exception, with populations exhibiting positive covariation in laying dates that decayed with the distance between breeding sites, suggesting that populations may be responding to a similar driver.Our approach sheds light on the potential factors that may drive phenology in our study species, thus furthering our understanding of the scales at which different seabirds interact with interannual variation in their environment. We also identify additional systems and phenological questions to which our inferential approach could be applied.
Drivers of individual‐based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
Authors: Isla Jorge , Jácome‐Flores Miguel E. , Pareja Daniel , Jordano Pedro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Range expansion in plant populations, especially at the colonization front, can be either limited by disproportionately large effects of antagonistic interactions or facilitated by their release. How the strength of antagonistic interactions changes along successional gradients during range expansion is still poorly documented, especially when diverse assemblages of plant antagonists (rodents, invertebrates and birds) combine within interaction networks.

We study the changes in individual‐based, predispersal seed–pulp predator networks along a colonization gradient in a rapidly expanding Juniperus phoenicea population in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Additionally, we analysed the role of individual plant traits and neighbourhood attributes in network configuration by using Exponential Random Graph Models.

Seven seed–pulp consumer animal species varied significantly in their frequency of interaction and prevalence. While invertebrate species were well‐established in old and intermediately mature stands, greenfinch Chloris chloris was dominant at the colonization front. Variable species roles and spread of interactions among individual plants generated changes in the configuration of interactions during plant expansion.

Individual plant traits strongly determined the topology of these networks, although with differences between stands. Increasing individual crop size and seeds per cone increased the interaction odds of individual plants, while seed viability showed the opposite effect. The network topology at the colonization front appeared less driven by individual traits, possibly because of the short interaction history of this recently established area. The disproportionately large effect of C. chloris in these recently established stands, potentially resulted in large seed losses during range expansion.

Synthesis. Turnover of antagonistic interactions, characterized the colonization front, resulting in more heterogeneous interaction strengths among individual plants. We found no evidence for a complete or sizeable antagonistic release of J. phoenicea at the colonization front promoting this rapid expansion. It becomes necessary to explore interactions with seed dispersers to understand how antagonistic and mutualistic plant–animal interactions balance during range expansion. Our study highlights the importance of an individual‐based approach in understanding how interactions are structured and driven in natural changing landscapes.
The introduction of team‐based learning into the clinical pharmacology section of the endodontics clinical course
Authors: Chen Dong , Yue Haitang , Liu Shengbo , Meng Lang , Yin Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTeam‐based learning (TBL) has been widely applied and evaluated to produce better student outcomes. TBL has been introduced into the clinical pharmacology section of the endodontics clinical course at the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University since 2021. Here, the teaching experience in this course was summarized. The TBL course consisted of a knowledge assignment, intrateam and interteam discussion, practicing, evaluation, cases discussion and examination. The topics of the TBL class included cavity preparation and filling for treatment of dental caries, disinfection, and shaping and filling of root canal for root canal therapy. A total of 64 students participated in the TBL course. The students completed course work and hands‐on practice to the satisfaction of the instructor. Furthermore, most participants held positive attitudes toward the TBL course because TBL provided the opportunity for teamwork to enable them to acquire and understand the therapeutic drug and material more quickly and made them more confident in the following practice. Our experience suggested that the application of the TBL contributed to the authentic practice of the endodontics clinical course.
The next mission: Inequality and service‐to‐civilian career transition outcomes among 50+ military leavers
Authors: Wang Wen , Bamber Matthew , Flynn Matt , McCormack John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine the Service‐to‐Civilian career transition for Military leavers aged 50 and above (50+). The exit age of our sampled group means that it is more likely that they hold senior‐ranked positions across both Officer and Soldier career pathways. Despite both groups having access to similar transition opportunities and resources, we find that their work‐lives are underpinned with economic, social, and structural inequality. This inequality has substantive effects on their employment transition outcomes. Our focus group data suggest that Soldiers have unequal access to formal (e.g., Career Transition Partnership programmes) and informal (e.g., social networks) transition support resources compared to Officers. Employing a structural equation modelling approach to analyse 183 survey responses, we found that Soldiers are more likely to apply for, and subsequently take, civilian work that is below their skills level. In turn, Soldiers are significantly less satisfied with their civilian work than Officers.
Cornus officinalis vinegar reduces body weight and attenuates hepatic steatosis in mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cao Li , Wu Ying , Li Wenwen , Zhang Zengmiao , Niu Yaping , Li Chenchen , Gu Shaobin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the main bioactive components of Cornus officinalis vinegar (COV) and assess the effects of COV on the body weight (BW) and hepatic steatosis in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Seven‐week‐old KM female mice were divided into five treatment groups: (1) Normal control (NC) group, (2) high fat diet (HFD) group, (3) low concentration treatment group (3.5% COV), (4) medium concentration treatment group (5.0% COV), and (5) high concentration treatment group (6.5% COV). Mice in the NC group were fed with a normal chow diet, and those in the other four groups were fed with a HFD known for causing obesity for 10 weeks. Then, mice in the three COV treatment groups were orally administered with COV once a day for 6 weeks. Results showed that the contents of loganin and morroniside in COV reached 16.82 and 51.17 µg/ml, respectively, and COV also contained multiple organic acids. COV significantly reduced BW, abdominal fat weight, liver weight, and the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of serum and increased the levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of serum (p < 0.05). COV also improved the liver function and anti‐oxidant activity of liver (p < 0.05). COV treatments increased the interleukin‐10 expression and reduced the tumor necrosis factor‐α expression in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice (p < 0.05). Histopathological observation revealed that COV suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. The results suggest that COV may contribute to the alleviation of NAFLD and obesity.
Fabrication of electrospun nanofibers with moisture‐triggered carvacrol release in fresh produce packaging
Authors: Wong Chun Hong , Tan Ming Yan , Li Xu , Li Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers, a moisture‐controlled system was developed in the release of carvacrol to the food package headspaces. With the use of electrospinning technology, an optimized solution (80:20 [PLA:PEG] polymer mixture incorporated with a carvacrol content of 20% [w/w polymer]) generated nanofibers with excellent encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and controlled release of carvacrol at different humidity levels. Carvacrol was prevented from release when the fibers were kept in dry states. When placed in food packaging with high humidity levels, the nanofibers manifested high and continuous release of carvacrol into the headspace. The shelf life of strawberries determined by visual inspection was extended for 2 extra days when packaged with the optimized nanofibers and had a significantly lower yeasts and mold counts (4.28 ± 0.34 log CFU/g) compared to strawberries packaged without nanofibers (5.22 ± 0.47 log CFU/g) 3 days after applying the nanofibers (p < 0.05).Practical ApplicationThe nanofibers with PEG content as developed in this study represent a step forward in practical application of the electrospinning technology to enhance food quality in food preservation.
Confronting our Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control Policy Problem
Authors: Stephenson Kurt , Shabman Leonard , Shortle James , Easton Zachary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFederal and state agricultural and environmental agencies have spent enormous sums since the 1990s to reduce nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution from agriculture. Yet, water quality problems are pervasive, and agriculture is a major cause. The lack of progress is often attributed to insufficient funding for pollution control practices relative to the scale of the problem. However, we attribute the lack of progress to shortcomings in agricultural NPS pollution control policy. We illustrate our argument after considering nearly four decades of federal, state, and local efforts to reduce agricultural NPS pollution to the Chesapeake Bay. Additional funding for current programs, absent fundamental program reform, is unlikely to produce reductions from agriculture needed to achieve desired water quality outcomes.
Ephemeral Stream Network Extraction from Lidar‐Derived Elevation and Topographic Attributes in Urban and Forested Landscapes
Authors: Metes Marina J. , Jones Daniel K. , Baker Matthew E. , Miller Andrew J. , Hogan Dianna M. , Loperfido J.V. , Hopkins Kristina G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder‐representations of headwater channels in digital stream networks can result in uncertainty in the magnitude of headwater habitat loss, stream burial, and watershed function. Increased availability of high‐resolution (<2 m) elevation data makes the delineation of headwater channels more attainable. In this study, elevation data derived from light detection and ranging was used to predict ephemeral stream networks across a forested and urban watershed in the Maryland Piedmont USA. A method was developed using topographic openness (TO) and wetness index to remotely predict the extent of stream networks. Predicted networks were compared against a comprehensive field survey of the ephemeral network in each watershed to evaluate performance. Comparisons were also made to the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and a flow accumulation approach where a single drainage area threshold defined channel initiation. Although the NHD and flow accumulation methods resulted in low commission errors, omission errors were highest in these networks. The TO‐based networks detected a larger number of ephemeral channels, but with higher commission error. Small ephemeral channels with less defined banks or originating at groundwater seeps were difficult to detect in all methods. Comparisons between forested and urban watersheds also highlight the difficulty of identifying headwater channels using topographic attributes in human‐modified landscapes.
Acute kidney injury in intensive care patients: Incidence, time course, and risk factors
Authors: Mo Skule , Bjelland Thor W. , Nilsen Tom I. L. , Klepstad Pål 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent and influences the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, time‐course, risk factors, and mortality of AKI among unselected ICU patients.MethodsAll adult ICU patients admitted to the ICU at the University Hospital in Central Norway from 2010 to 2015 with a stay of 24 h or more were included in the study. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. All patients were followed with respect to reversal of AKI. Risk factors for AKI were analyzed using Cox regression.ResultsAmong 2325 ICU patients, 1245 developed AKI during the ICU stay, corresponding to an incidence of 53.5 % (CI, 51.5–55.5). The incidence according to KDIGO AKI stages 1, 2, and 3 was 26.2, 11.7, and 15.7%, respectively. The median duration of AKI was 24 (CI 19–24), 32 (CI 26–39), and 101 (CI 75–164) hours for AKI KDIGO stage 1, 2, and 3, respectively. AKI was transient, persistent, or AKD in 73.4, 16.5, and 10.0% of the patients with a known outcome. AKI reversal was observed in 72.9% of all AKI patients. Independent risk factors for AKI in a multivariate analysis were hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and higher body weight. Episodes of mean arterial pressure below 73 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of AKI.ConclusionsIn our material, the incidence of AKI was comparable to what has been reported previously. Risk factors for the development of AKI were a MAP below 73, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and higher body weight. Most AKI patients regain their kidney function during the ICU stay, particularly in the KDIGO AKI stages 1 and 2.
Randomised controlled trial of maternal infant‐directed reading among hospitalised preterm infants
Authors: Mayne Julia , McGowan Elisabeth C. , Chiem Adrian , Nwanne Ogochukwu , Tucker Richard , Vohr Betty R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimA randomised trial to study the impact of a maternal‐driven, infant‐directed reading intervention on preterm infant language compared with matched controls.MethodsInfants born at 22–32 weeks in Women & Infants Neonatal Intensive Care were gestationally stratified to a reading intervention (n = 33) or standard care (n = 34). At 32‐, 34‐ and 36‐weeks postmenstrual age, 16‐h language recordings were obtained in the hospital. Bivariate group comparisons and regressions adjusting for gestational age and multiples were run to predict word counts and conversational turns. Longitudinal analyses were conducted by negative binomial models containing intervention, randomised gestation group, recording number (1–3), an intervention × recording number interaction term and multiple birth adjustment by generalised estimating equations.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, by 36‐weeks postmenstrual age, infants in the reading group had twice the number of conversational turns as infants receiving standard care (Rate ratio 1.98, 95% CI 1.33–2.93, p < 0.05). In longitudinal analyses, only infants in the reading group had a significant increase in the conversational turns between 32‐ and 36‐weeks postmenstrual age (Rate ratio 2.45, 95% CI 1.45–4.14, p < 0.05).ConclusionsA maternal infant‐directed reading curriculum in the hospital demonstrated a positive impact on interactive conversations by 36‐weeks postmenstrual age.
Generalized pustular psoriasis: overview of the status quo and results of a panel discussion
Authors: Reich Kristian , Augustin Matthias , Gerdes Sascha , Ghoreschi Kamran , Kokolakis Georgios , Mößner Rotraut , Mrowietz Ulrich , Navarini Alexander A. , Pinter Andreas , Schäkel Knut , Staubach Petra , Sticherling Michael , Thaçi Diamant , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe, potentially life‐threatening, autoinflammatory, neutrophilic skin disease that may be accompanied by fever and leukocytosis. This paper describes the current state of knowledge on GPP in terms of classification, (differential) diagnosis and prevalence. We present a comparison of the genetics and pathoimmunology of GPP and psoriasis vulgaris with the central mechanisms of autoimmunology and autoinflammation. The currently available therapeutic options, expert recommendations for therapy, and data from early clinical trials investigating targeted therapies will be summarized. We present the results of our discussion with 13 experts for psoriasis vulgaris and GPP and give an integrated overview of indication and therapy based on our personal experience and present an outlook on further research questions. Collectively, this article highlights the high unmet need in GPP, as there exists no satisfactory method of diagnosis or treatment to date and new treatment options will be of great therapeutic benefit to those affected.
Financial cost and quality of life of patients with spinal muscular atrophy identified by symptoms or newborn screening
Authors: Dangouloff Tamara , Hiligsmann Mickael , Deconinck Nicolas , D'Amico Adèle , Seferian Andreea M. , Boemer François , Servais Laurent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the societal financial costs and quality of life (QoL) of untreated patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and treated patients identified because they presented symptoms or were identified by early testing (sibling or newborn screening).MethodData from two different sources were used: data collected prospectively in untreated patients from 2016 to 2018 and data collected during a prospective follow‐up study from 2018 to 2021. Patients or their caregiver completed a questionnaire that included questions on direct medical and non‐medical costs, indirect non‐medical costs, and health‐related QoL.ResultsData (median; range) were available for 149 patients (93 untreated – 10 years; 2 years–59 years), 42 patients (6 years 3 months; 9 months–58 years) treated after presenting with symptoms, and 14 patients (1 year 7 months; 5 months–2 years) treated after early diagnosis. Total costs were lower in untreated patients due to the high cost of drugs used in treated patients. Costs were lower for treated patients who were identified by early testing than for treated patients identified because they presented with symptoms. In all groups, patients with two SMN2 copies had higher costs than those with more copies.InterpretationEarly patient identification and treatment offer the opportunity to reduce the total societal costs of SMA where treatments are available for presymptomatic and postsymptomatic patients.What this paper adds

Untreated patients with spinal muscular atrophy had lower total financial costs than treated patients.
Total financial costs were lower for treated patients identified by early screening than for treated patients identified after symptom onset.
Direct financial costs excluding treatment were much lower in treated patients identified by early screening.
Hospitalization costs were much lower in patients identified by early screening.
Predictive models aren't for causal inference
Authors: Arif Suchinta , MacNeil M. Aaron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEcologists often rely on observational data to understand causal relationships. Although observational causal inference methodologies exist, predictive techniques such as model selection based on information criterion (e.g. AIC) remains a common approach used to understand ecological relationships. However, predictive approaches are not appropriate for drawing causal conclusions. Here, we highlight the distinction between predictive and causal inference and show how predictive techniques can lead to biased causal estimates. Instead, we encourage ecologists to valid causal inference methods such as the backdoor criterion, a graphical rule that can be used to determine causal relationships across observational studies.