bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
King of Infinite Space: The Talisman and the Temple
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAD Editor Neil Spiller investigates the long‐running ‘Temple Island’ project by Archigram member Michael Webb. Honed over decades, it is beautifully transcribed, creating one of the great enigmatic works of this era, and much revered and respected by any architect with an interest in drawing, the rules of perspective and sheer artifice. Spiller writes a paean to both its Arcadian yet mechanised beauty and its creator.
Moments – On the Dissecting Table.
Authors: Tschapeller Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCanadian architect Mark West breeds extraordinary architectural images using a mixture of techniques. He is equally at home drawing, using the computer, casting concrete or tying fabric together. Wolfgang Tschapeller, Head of the Institute of Art and Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, looks at West's methods and aspirations, revealing how these most radical representations are concocted and why.
A Band of Colours: Spectral Assemblies
Authors: Karlsson Ulrika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince scanners became a common tool in architecture schools around ten years ago, the tendency has been to record what is there in the built environment in an attempt to discover the interrelationships between spaces obscured by the materiality of building. However, architects are now starting to speculate using these new technologies. Founding member of architecture firms Brrum and servo stockholm, and Professor of Architecture at the KTH School of Architecture, Stockholm, Ulrika Karlsson investigates this through the work conducted by Michael Young, co‐founder of New York‐based practice Young & Ayata.
High frequency of genetic/epigenetic disorders in short stature children born with very low birth weight
Authors: Freire Bruna Lucheze , Homma Thais Kataoka , Lerario Antônio Marcondes , Seo Go Hun , Han Heonjong , de Assis Funari Mariana Ferreira , Gomes Nathalia Lisboa , Rosemberg Carla , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , de Andrade Vasques Gabriela , Malaquias Alexsandra Christianne , de Lima Jorge Alexander Augusto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost infants born with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g) show spontaneous catch‐up growth in postnatal life. The reasons for the absence of catch‐up growth are not entirely understood. We performed a comprehensive investigation of 52 children born with VLBW. Ten children had a history of an external cause that explained the VLBW and five refused genetic evaluation. Twenty‐three cases were initially evaluated by a candidate gene approach. Patients with a negative result in the candidate gene approach (n = 14) or without clinical suspicion (n = 14) were assessed by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and/or whole‐exome sequencing (WES). A genetic condition was identified in 19 of 37 (51.4%) patients without an external cause, nine by candidate gene approach, and 10 by a genomic approach (CMA/WES). Silver–Russell syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis (n = 5) and the remaining patients were diagnosed with other rare monogenic conditions. Almost all patients with a positive genetic diagnosis exhibited syndromic features (94.4%). However, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorders, major malformation, or facial dysmorphism were also frequently observed in children with an external cause. In conclusion, a significant proportion of children born with VLBW with persistent short stature have a genetic/epigenetic condition.
Modification of Pyrroloisoquinolines with 2‐Bromoketones and Dimethyl Sulfoxide through Bromination
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Hui , Li Wan‐Zhen , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhao‐Dong , Cui Hai‐Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBromination of various dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines have been reached in moderate to good yields by the use of alkylacyl bromides and dimethyl sulfoxide as brominating reagent. Other N‐containing heterocycles of interest such as pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and multisubstituted pyrroles can also be brominated successfully under the current reaction system. Distinct reactivities between alkylacyl and arylacyl bromides resulting in bromination and dicarbonylation respectively have been investigated.
The impact of alpha male replacements on reproductive seasonality and synchrony in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus imitator)
Authors: Brasington Lauren F. , Kulick Nelle K. , Hogan Jeremy D. , Fedigan Linda M. , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesReproductive seasonality is typically associated with ecological factors, but it can also be related to social factors, such as alpha male replacements (AMR). Such events can produce distinct birth peaks outside of the ecological peak, potentially increasing hardship for mother and infant and ultimately reducing fitness. We examined the impact of AMRs on birth seasonality, birth synchrony, and infant survival in the Santa Rosa population of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus imitator).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 33 years of data on seven capuchin groups to test whether AMRs and births occur seasonally and whether birth seasonality changes following AMRs. Using sliding window analysis, we tested whether ecological conditions predict births in future months. We also tested whether birth period affects infant survival and likelihood of infanticide.ResultsAMRs shift birth seasonality from the ecological birth peak in the early wet season (late May–July) to a social birth peak during the late dry season (March–May), but they do not affect synchrony. In addition, we found that being born in the social peak significantly decreases infant survival relative to individuals born in the ecological and nonpeak periods.DiscussionThese findings suggest that Santa Rosa's predictable seasons can provide conception cues for female capuchins, but AMRs disrupt this ecological timing of conceptions. We suggest the increased infant mortality associated with the social birth peak is related to seasonal factors, including water scarcity and varying resource availability, and increased risk of infanticide, as the social birth peak overlaps with the AMR peak.
High‐Field NMR, Reactivity, and DFT Modeling Reveal the γ‐Al2O3Surface Hydroxyl Network**
Authors: Merle Nicolas , Tabassum Tarnuma , Scott Susannah L. , Motta Alessandro , Szeto Kai , Taoufik Mostafa , Gauvin Régis Michaël , Delevoye Laurent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAluminas are strategic materials used in many major industrial processes, either as catalyst supports or as catalysts in their own right. The transition alumina γ‐Al2O3is a privileged support, whose reactivity can be tuned by thermal activation. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of γ‐Al2O3at three different dehydroxylation temperatures. The principal [AlOH] configurations are identified and described in unprecedented detail at the molecular level. The structures were established by combining information from high‐field1H and27Al solid‐state NMR, IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, as well as selective reactivity studies. Finally, the relationship between the hydroxyl structures and the molecular‐level structures of the active sites in catalytic alkane metathesis is discussed.
Ligand‐Enabled β‐C(sp3)−H Lactamization of Tosyl‐Protected Aliphatic Amides Using a Practical Oxidant
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Liu Shuang , Cheng Jin‐Tang , Yeung Kap‐Sun , Qiao Jennifer X. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of C(sp3)−H functionalization reactions that use common protecting groups and practical oxidants remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a monoprotected aminoethyl thioether (MPAThio) ligand‐enabled β‐C(sp3)−H lactamization of tosyl‐protected aliphatic amides usingtert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as the sole oxidant. This protocol features exceedingly mild reaction conditions, reliable scalability, and the use of practical oxidants and protecting groups. Further derivatization of the β‐lactam products enables the synthesis of a range of biologically important motifs including β‐amino acids, γ‐amino alcohols, and azetidines.
Enhanced Solar Evaporation Using a Scalable MoS2‐Based Hydrogel for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination
Authors: Liu Pan , Hu Yi‐bo , Li Xiao‐Ying , Xu Lei , Chen Chen , Yuan Baoling , Fu Ming‐Lai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterfacial photo‐vapor conversion has been suggested as a cost‐effective and sustainable technology for seawater desalination. However, the conversion performance was still limited by some drawbacks, like salt accumulation and poor mechanical stability. Herein, a scalable MoS2‐based porous hydrogel (SMoS2‐PH) with good mechanical stability and salt resistance was successfully constructed through a crosslinking foaming polymerization method. With the high porosity (92.63 %), the SMoS2‐PH performed an impressive evaporation rate of 3.297 kg m−2 h−1 and photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.4 % under 1‐sun illumination. Most importantly, the SMoS2‐PH could maintain high and stable photothermal properties for 15 days on the surface of seawater. We believe that the excellent salt resistance, the high photothermal conversion efficiency, the ease of scale preparation method and the available commercial MoS2 make the SMoS2‐PH a promising device for full‐scale seawater desalination.
Dentistry students' opinion toward Biochemistry course and its relevance in clinical practice in Chennai, India
Authors: Ramalingam Mathangi , Jayesh Raghavendra , Parthasarathi Sowmiya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiochemistry is a subject that is essential to understand the molecular basis of a disease, its diagnosis, and prognosis. However, study of biochemistry in dentistry at the undergraduate level is considered to be much teacher‐oriented and the students show a lackluster attitude toward the subject. This questionnaire study is carried out to understand the perception of dental students in studying biochemistry and its relevance in dental practice. A pre‐set questionnaire was sent to Bachelor of Dental Surgery students from first to final year and the responses were recorded. Although students are positive about liking biochemistry as a theory subject, still many are wary of the detailed study of complex reactions and metabolic pathways, which hampers the extensive study of the subject and its application in clinical practice.
Plasmid‐to‐plasmid Southern blot analysis validates the presence of nucleotide binding site (nbs) sequences in cloned plasmids
Authors: Chang Ming‐Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSouthern blot analysis is an important molecular biology technique for identifying a specific sequence in DNA samples. Although it is no longer used extensively in recent years, the steps and underlying principles of Southern blot are applicable to modern biology. High sensitivity and limited background are keys to successful Southern blots, whereas obtaining good quality and quantity of genomic DNA as starting materials and detecting a single/low copy target sequence in the genome can be challenging. To ensure student success in performing the technique for the first time, a modified “plasmid‐to‐plasmid” Southern blot was implemented to confirm the presence of grape nucleotide‐binding site (nbs) sequences in cloned plasmids like those described previously. The plasmid DNA and a control plasmid, pSCA7 (T1‐T3‐W6) containing a known grape nbs sequence, were digested with restriction enzymes, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA band corresponding to the nbs sequence of the pSCA7 (T1‐T3‐W6) was extracted from the gel for PCR digoxigenin (DIG) probe synthesis. At the same time, the cloned plasmid DNA and its digested DNA fragments were blotted from the gel onto nylon membranes to be hybridized with the DIG probe followed by the detection for nbs sequences. Students successfully performed Southern blots to confirm the presence of nbs sequences in their cloned plasmids and wrote up the results following the format of scientific research papers. They learned the principles and applications of Southern blot and gained hands‐on experience with associated techniques.
The Total Synthesis of Glycolipids from Streptococcus pneumoniae and a Re‐evaluation of Their Immunological Activity**
Authors: Sadraei Seyed Iraj , Yousif Greg , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Kosar Maryam , Mehri Samaneh , Alolabi Raghd , Igbokwe Emmanuel , Toma Jason , Rahim Mir Munir A. , Trant John F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvariant natural killer (iNK) T cells, Type I iNKTs, are responsible for the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines which induce a systemic immune response. They are distinctive in possessing an semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, a protein closely related to the class I major histocompatibility complex, conserved across multiple mammalian species in a class of proteins well‐renowned for their high degree of polymorphism. This receptor's first potent identified antigen is the α‐galactosylceramide, KRN7000, a synthetic glycosphingolipid closely related to those isolated from bacteria that were found on a Japanese marine sponge. A corresponding terrestrial antigen remained unidentified until two specific diacylglycerol‐containing glycolipids, reported to activate iNKT cells, were isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae. We report the total synthesis and immunological re‐evaluation of these two glycolipids. The compounds are unable to meaningfully activate iNKT cells. Computational modelling shows that these ligands, while being capable of interacting with the CD1d receptor, create a different surface for the binary complex that makes formation of the ternary complex with the iNKT T‐cell receptor difficult. Together these results suggest that the reported activity might have been due to an impurity in the original isolated sample and highlights the importance of taking care when reporting biological activity from isolated natural products.
Engineering of Cascade Reactions and Alditol Oxidase for High‐Yielding Synthesis of (R)‐Phenylethanolamine from Styrene, l‐Phenylalanine, Glycerol or Glucose
Authors: Wang Zilong , Li Xirui , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract(R)‐phenylethanolamine (PEA) is a useful and valuable chiral chemical and requires enantioselective and efficient synthesis method. A novel SMO‐StEH‐AldO‐CvTA‐catalyzed cascade reaction was established to convert styrene to (R)‐PEA via epoxidation‐hydrolysis‐oxidation‐amination. The key transformation of (R)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol to (R)‐PEA in the cascade was achieved in 94 % conversion via AldO‐CvTA. The limiting enzyme AldO was engineered through directed evolution, yielding a mutant AldO(MVIK) with 3‐fold enhanced catalytic efficiency. The use of AldO(MVIK) in the 4‐enzyme cascade significantly increased the productivity than the use of AldO, yielding 34.6 mM (R)‐PEA with >99 % ee. By incorporating deamination and decarboxylation enzymes, a 6‐enzyme cascade was engineered to produce 23.7 mM (R)‐PEA from l‐phenylalanine. Coupling of l‐phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway with 6‐enzyme cascade enabled synthesis of (R)‐PEA from glycerol or glucose, producing 6.8 mM and 6.5 mM (R)‐PEA, respectively. The developed cascade biotransformations provide direct synthesis of (R)‐PEA from either simple chemicals or renewable feedstocks.
Photocatalytic Activities of Siliceous Termite Hill‐Based Composites in Dye Degradation
Authors: Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru , Ajayi Olusegun Ayoola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, ZnO/termite hill (ZnO‐TH) and TiO2/termite hill (TiO2‐TH) composites were prepared, characterized by various techniques, and tested in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under solar irradiation. Increased surface area, formation of ZnO and TiO2 on the TH surface, dominance of active surface functional groups, and reduced bandgap energy all contributed to the outstanding performance of the photocatalysts, as validated by the characterization results. The degradation of MB dye in aqueous solution followed the pseudo‐first‐order approximation of the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model. Experimental apparent rate constants revealed that TiO2‐TH is 1.5 times more efficient for MB degradation than ZnO‐TH.
New Synthetic Route to Water‐Soluble Prism[5]arene Hosts and Their Molecular Recognition Properties**
Authors: Zhai Canjia , Isaacs Lyle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report that the direct macrocyclization of naphthalene monomers bearing ethyl ester functional groups delivers prism[5]arene derivatives, which can be deprotected to yield water‐soluble prism[5]arenes (H1 and H3). 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that dicationic guests bind with the hydrophobic cores buried inside the anisotropic magnetically shielding cavity. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements showed that H1 and H3 are high‐affinity hosts in PBS‐buffered water with Ka values exceeding 109 M−1 for a select guest. The complexation events are driven by the non‐classical hydrophobic effect, CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and electrostatic interactions. Host H1 displays somewhat higher affinity toward a common guest than pillar[6]arene bearing carboxylic acid functional groups but is significantly less potent than pillar[6]arene bearing sulfate groups. H1 and H3 should be considered alongside other high affinity hosts for a variety of chemical and biological applications.
Large ∣k∣ Behavior of Complex Geometric Optics Solutions to d‐bar Problems
Authors: Klein Christian , Sjöstrand Johannes , Stoilov Nikola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComplex geometric optics solutions to a system of d‐bar equations appearing in the context of electrical impedance tomography and the scattering theory of the integrable Davey‐Stewartson II equations are studied for large values of the spectral parameter k. For potentials for some , it is shown that the solution converges as the geometric series in . For potentials q being the characteristic function of a strictly convex open set with smooth boundary, this still holds with s = 3/2, i.e., with instead of . The leading‐order contributions are computed explicitly. Numerical simulations show the applicability of the asymptotic formulae for the example of the characteristic function of the disk. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Vascular and microstructural markers of cognitive pathology
Authors: Coffin Claudia , Suerken Cynthia K. , Bateman James R. , Whitlow Christopher T. , Williams Benjamin J. , Espeland Mark A. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Cleveland Maryjo , Yang Mia , Rogers Samantha , Hayden Kathleen M. , Baker Laura D. , Williamson Jeff , Craft Suzanne , Hughes Timothy M. , Lockhart Samuel N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionArterial stiffness may play a role in the development of dementia through poorly understood effects on brain microstructural integrity and perfusion.MethodsWe examined markers of arterial stiffness (carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in relation to cognitive function and brain magnetic resonance imaging macrostructure (gray matter [GM] and white matter [WM] volumes), microstructure (diffusion based free water [FW] and fractional anisotropy [FA]), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in WM and GM in models adjusted for age, race, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E ε4 status.ResultsAmong 460 participants (70 ± 8 years; 44 dementia, 158 mild cognitive impairment, 258 normal cognition), higher cfPWV and SBP were independently associated with higher FW, higher WM hyperintensity volume, and worse cognition (global and executive function). Higher SBP alone was significantly associated with lower WM and GM CBF.DiscussionArterial stiffness is associated with impaired WM microstructure and global and executive cognitive function.
Retinal arteriolar parameters as a surrogate marker of intracranial vascular pathology
Authors: Abdelhak Ahmed , Solomon Isaac , Montes Shivany Condor , Saias Alexandra , Cordano Christian , Asken Breton , Fonseca Corrina , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Staffaroni Adam M. , Kramer Joel H. , Geschwind Michael , Miller Bruce L. , Elahi Fanny M. , Green Ari J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDevelopment of novel diagnostic tools is a top research priority in vascular dementia. A major obstacle is the lack of a simple, non‐invasive method to visualize cerebral arteriolar walls in vivo. Retinal arterioles offer a window into the cerebral circulation.MethodsIntensity‐based retinal arteriolar visualization in optical coherence tomography (I‐bRAVO) was applied to evaluate mean wall thickness (MWT) and wall‐to‐lumen ratio (WLR) in 250 subjects with sporadic and genetic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), non‐vascular neurodegenerative diseases (NVND), and healthy controls (HC) in association with imaging and cognitive markers.ResultsMWT and WLR were higher in CSVD, associated with severity of vascular white matter lesions, and correlated with magnetic resonance imaging‐based intracranial arteriolosclerosis score. WLR correlated with gray and white matter volume and differentiated asymptomatic sporadic CSVD from HC (area under the curve = 0.82).DiscussionI‐bRAVO is a rapid, non‐invasive tool. MWT and WLR were associated with imaging markers of CSVD and could contribute to early identification of sporadic CSVD.
The extinction time under mutational meltdown driven by high mutation rates
Authors: Lansch‐Justen Lucy , Cusseddu Davide , Schmitz Mark A. , Bank Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMutational meltdown describes an eco‐evolutionary process in which the accumulation of deleterious mutations causes a fitness decline that eventually leads to the extinction of a population. Possible applications of this concept include medical treatment of RNA virus infections based on mutagenic drugs that increase the mutation rate of the pathogen. To determine the usefulness and expected success of such an antiviral treatment, estimates of the expected time to mutational meltdown are necessary. Here, we compute the extinction time of a population under high mutation rates, using both analytical approaches and stochastic simulations. Extinction is the result of three consecutive processes: (a) initial accumulation of deleterious mutations due to the increased mutation pressure; (b) consecutive loss of the fittest haplotype due to Muller's ratchet; (c) rapid population decline toward extinction. We find accurate analytical results for the mean extinction time, which show that the deleterious mutation rate has the strongest effect on the extinction time. We confirm that intermediate‐sized deleterious selection coefficients minimize the extinction time. Finally, our simulations show that the variation in extinction time, given a set of parameters, is surprisingly small.
Using an affinity analysis to identify phytoplankton associations
Authors: Zhu Weiju , Ding Zhaojian , Pan Yangdong , Wang Quanxi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton functional traits can represent particular environmental conditions in complex aquatic ecosystems. Categorizing phytoplankton species into functional groups is challenging and time‐consuming, and requires high‐level expertise in species autecology. In this study, we introduced an affinity analysis to aid the identification of candidate associations of phytoplankton from two data sets comprised of phytoplankton and environmental information. In the Huaihe River Basin with a drainage area of 270,000 km2 in China, samples were collected from 217 selected sites during the low‐water period in May 2013; monthly samples were collected during 2006–2011 in a man‐made pond, Dishui Lake. Our results indicated that the affinity analysis can be used to define some meaningful functional groups. The identified phytoplankton associations reflect the ecological preferences of phytoplankton in terms of light and nutrient acquisition. Advantages and disadvantages of applying the affinity analysis to identify phytoplankton associations are discussed with perspectives on their utility in ecological assessment.