bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Over the Course of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
Authors: Gulick Elsie E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction ranks as one of the most frequent problems experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS); it is one of the first symptoms to appear at disease onset and continues throughout the course of the disease. This review, based on literature searches of Medline and PubMed, examines bowel dysfunction causes and cofactors (ie, impaired mobility, fatigue, depression and anxiety, childbirth) that occur over the course of the disease. Coverage includes management of bowel dysfunction with noninvasive methods, including diet and fluid intake, together with pharmacologic treatments for constipation and fecal incontinence as well as more advanced treatments (ie, biofeedback, abdominal massage, transanal irrigation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation), caregiver-provided treatments and extended care facilities. Bowel dysfunction problems and related cofactors impact quality of life throughout the MS disease course, requiring appropriate interventions to improve and/or maintain the quality of life of the individual with MS.
Improving Detection of Change in Motor Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis Using Video-Assisted Composite Measures
Authors: Lam Ka-Hoo , van Munster Caspar E.P. , D’Souza Marcus , Steinheimer Saskia , Kamm Christian P. , Burggraaff Jessica , Johnson Matthew , Zaykov Yordan , Dorn Jonas , Dahlke Frank , Kappos Ludwig , Killestein Joep , Uitdehaag Bernard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Assessing motor functioning is important to monitor the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Video-assisted rating of classic neurologic tests and activities of daily living may improve the detection of changes in motor functioning. We investigated the value of using video-assisted composite measures for the detection of changes in mobility and upper extremity function (UEF).

Methods:
Forty-three patients with MS were recorded performing motor function tests before and during treatment with fampridine. Patients were classified as improved or not improved on mobility composite (MOB-COM) and UEF composite (UEF-COM) measures based on neurologists’ ratings of the tests. The proportional agreements between the composite measures and the conventional measures—the Timed 25-Foot Walk test (T25FW) and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT)—were determined and compared with patient-perceived improvement, which was determined using patient-reported ratings of changes in mobility and UEF.

Results:
Agreement between MOB-COM and T25FW was 79.5%, and agreement between UEF-COM and NHPT was 82.1%. Twenty-six of 39 patients (66.7%) reported mobility improvement; 6 of these reports were confirmed by both T25FW and MOB-COM, 4 were confirmed by T25FW only, and 2 were confirmed by MOB-COM only. For UEF, 13 of 39 patients (33.3%) reported improvement; 3 of these were confirmed by the NHPT and 3 were confirmed by the UEF-COM.

Conclusions:
Compared with the conventional NHPT measure, the video-assisted composite measure of UEF detected additional patient-perceived improvement. This was less evident for mobility measures. Video-assisted composite measures may enhance the detection of treatment effects in MS clinical practice and trials.
Microbial Normal Flora: Its Existence And Their Contribution To Homeostasis
Authors: Sunarti Lusia Sri 
Published: June 2022

Aims: To describe the existence of microbial normal flora and its contribution to homeostasis, with emphasize on several major systems of the human body.
Discussion: Normal microflora are a group of various microorganisms that reside in the bodies of all humans or animals. These organisms are consistently exist, and relatively stable, with specific genera populating various body regions during particular periods in an individual's life, from shortly after birth until death. The indigeneous normal microbiota provides a first line of defense against microbial pathogens, assists in digestion, and contributes to maturation of the immune system and in general able to assists the anatomy, physiology, susceptibility to pathogens, and even morbidity of the host. Several internal factors like age and external factors like geographical position, diets habbits, the condition of stress, infection and even antibiotics consumption, are some factors that can affect the function of normal microflora.
Conclusion: Normal microbial microflora consistently inhabits some region of the body and influences the hots’s homeostasis. Several factors such as diets, stress, infection and antibiotics administration, can affect the existence and performance of normal microflora.
Estudo da Tecnologia de Irrigação Automatizada pela Revisão de Patentes
Authors: Oliveira Flávio André Alves de , Oliveira Marciel Castro de , Macedo Matheus Rocha de , Souza Danielle Nascimento Queiroz de , Campos Marcio Inomata , Cerqueira Gabriela Silva 
Published: June 2022

Devido à grande quantidade de áreas irrigadas no Brasil e ao desperdício que essa prática causa, a procura por soluções que amenizem o mau uso e o barateamento dos métodos de irrigação é indispensável. Este artigo tem como objetivo prospectar documentos de patentes referentes a sistemas de irrigação automatizados. Para essa prospecção tecnológica foram usadas combinações de códigos da CIP e de palavras-chave, essas informações foram obtidas por meio da base europeia Espacenet, os documentos de patentes foram classificados em e agrupados. Foi feita análises estatísticas do tempo decorrido do depósito até a publicação. Com as análises, foi possível verificar que a China, os Estados Unidos e o Japão tiveram um destaque na quantidade de patentes depositadas, representando 83,65% do total, e a maioria foi depositada por inventores individuais.
Prospecção Tecnológica em Bases de Patentes Sobre Certificação Digital e Blockchain
Authors: Lebre Oscar Carlos das Neves , Andrade Ewerton Rodrigues , Miranda Marcio Rodrigues 
Published: June 2022

A preocupação da sociedade quanto à segurança digital é fundamental em qualquer situação legal, a exemplo da posse e veracidade de um ativo formalmente certificado. Nesse contexto, este artigo evidencia a prospecção de patentes sobre certificação digital e blockchain, posto que a união dessas tecnologias abre possibilidades para tornarem mais seguras e econômicas as transações. A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados FamPat do Orbit Intelligence a partir de janeiro de 2009 até março de 2021. Foram encontradas 2.984 famílias de patentes. Constatou-se que houve expressivo aumento de depósito de patentes a partir de 2012. Os principais domínios tecnológicos são na área de engenharia elétrica, tendo maior concentração de famílias de patentes nas subclasses C06Q, H04L e C06F. A China lidera em depósito de patentes, sendo a empresa Tencent Technology Shenzhen (China), líder mundial em número de patentes. Li Maocai é o inventor com mais patentes depositadas.
Large Optical Tunability of 5d 2D Electron Gas at the Spinel/Perovskite γ‐Al2O3/KTaO3 Heterointerface
Authors: Qi Shaojin , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jine , Gan Yulin , Chen Xiaobing , Shen Baogen , Chen Yuansha , Chen Yunzhong , Sun Jirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 5d 2D electron gas (2DEG) in KTaO3‐based heterostructures exhibits stronger spin‐orbit coupling and higher superconducting transition temperature compared to the 3d SrTiO3‐based 2DEG, thus attracts much attention recently. However, compared to the intensively investigated isostructural perovskite‐type interfaces, the non‐isostructural 5d oxide interfaces remain less investigated. Herein, for the first‐time, epitaxial spinel/perovskite γ‐Al2O3/KTaO3 heterointerface is created, at a deposition temperature as low as 300 °C. Metallic 2DEG emerges at the interface when the thickness of γ‐Al2O3 overlayer exceeds a critical thickness of approximately 2.4 nm. The interface states are found to be tuned largely by the light illumination, and the maximum change in the 2DEG carrier density under the light is 3 × 1013 cm–2. The light‐tunable spin‐orbit coupling exhibits a maximum strength of Rashba spin‐orbit coupling and spin‐splitting energy of ≈ 7.93 × 10–12 eV m and ≈ 24.96 meV, respectively. Such remarkable photosensitivity of the non‐isostructural 5d 2DEG offers new opportunities for oxide optoelectronic devices.
Dynamic Chromatin States Coupling with Key Transcription Factors in Colitis‐Associated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Lin , Luo Zhihui , Zhao Chen , Li Qinglan , Geng Yingjie , Xiao Yong , Chen Ming‐Kai , Li Lianyun , Chen Zhen‐Xia , Wu Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInflammation is one of the critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms for transition from colitis to CRC remain elusive. Recently, epigenetic changes have emerged as important regulatory factors for colitis‐associated cancer. Here, a systematic epigenomic study of histone modifications is performed, including H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, in an AOM‐DSS‐induced CRC mouse model. In combination with transcriptomic data, the authors generate a dataset of 105 deep sequencing files and illustrate the dynamic landscape of chromatin states at five time points during inflammation‐cancer transition. Functional gene clusters are identified based on dynamic transcriptomic and epigenomic information, and key signaling pathways in the process are illustrated. This study's results reveal that enhancer state regions play important roles during inflammation‐cancer transition. It predicts novel transcription factors based on enhancer information, and experimentally proves OTX2 as a critical tumor suppressive transcription factor. Taken together, this study provides comprehensive epigenomic data and reveals novel molecular mechanisms for colitis‐associated cancer.
Embedded 3D Printing in Self‐Healing Annealable Composites for Precise Patterning of Functionally Mature Human Neural Constructs
Authors: Kajtez Janko , Wesseler Milan Finn , Birtele Marcella , Khorasgani Farinaz Riyahi , Rylander Ottosson Daniella , Heiskanen Arto , Kamperman Tom , Leijten Jeroen , Martínez‐Serrano Alberto , Larsen Niels B. , Angelini Thomas E. , Parmar Malin , Lind Johan U. , Emnéus Jenny 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman in vitro models of neural tissue with tunable microenvironment and defined spatial arrangement are needed to facilitate studies of brain development and disease. Towards this end, embedded printing inside granular gels holds great promise as it allows precise patterning of extremely soft tissue constructs. However, granular printing support formulations are restricted to only a handful of materials. Therefore, there has been a need for novel materials that take advantage of versatile biomimicry of bulk hydrogels while providing high‐fidelity support for embedded printing akin to granular gels. To address this need, Authors present a modular platform for bioengineering of neuronal networks via direct embedded 3D printing of human stem cells inside Self‐Healing Annealable Particle‐Extracellular matrix (SHAPE) composites. SHAPE composites consist of soft microgels immersed in viscous extracellular‐matrix solution to enable precise and programmable patterning of human stem cells and consequent generation mature subtype‐specific neurons that extend projections into the volume of the annealed support. The developed approach further allows multi‐ink deposition, live spatial and temporal monitoring of oxygen levels, as well as creation of vascular‐like channels. Due to its modularity and versatility, SHAPE biomanufacturing toolbox has potential to be used in applications beyond functional modeling of mechanically sensitive neural constructs.
Concomitant Thermochromic and Phase‐Change Effect in a Switchable Spin Crossover Material for Efficient Passive Control of Day and Night Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Resines‐Urien Esther , García‐Tuñón Miguel Ángel García , García‐Hernández Mar , Rodríguez‐Velamazán Jose Alberto , Espinosa Ana , Costa Jose Sánchez 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing environmental protection demand has prompted the development of passive thermal regulation systems that reduce temperature fluctuations in buildings. Here, it is demonstrated that the heat generated by the sun can trigger a spin crossover (SCO) in a molecule‐base material, resulting in a concomitant color variation (from pink to white) and a phase transition. This leads to a cooling effect with respect to other thermochromic materials. In addition, when the material is cooled, a dampening of the temperature decrease is produced. Therefore, these materials can potentially be implemented for passive temperature control in buildings. Furthermore, SCO materials are remarkably stable upon cycling and highly versatile, which allows for the design of compounds with properties tailored for the desired climatic conditions and comfortable temperature.
Preparation of Benzothiazoles and Heterocyclic Spiro Compounds Through Cu‐catalyzed S−S Bond Cleavage and C−S Bond Formation
Authors: Minami Keisuke , Minakawa Maki , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reaction of 2,2'‐dithiobis(benzenamine)s with various aldehydes in the presence of CuOAc catalyst under air without any additives afforded the corresponding benzothiazoles. When cycloalkylcarbaldehydes were reacted under similar conditions, benzothiazoles and heterocyclic spiro compounds were produced. Gram‐scale preparation was successfully performed in the presence of CuOAc catalyst under open‐flask conditions.
Intraindividual variation in the cross‐sectional geometry of the first metatarsal, femur, and tibia
Authors: Wollmann Jessica S. , Cameron Michelle E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe examination of cross‐sectional properties (CSP) of long bones can inform about differential activity patterns and levels of mobility. Typically, these analyses have focused on the femur and tibia, but metatarsals might also be informative. This study examines femora, tibiae, and first metatarsals to evaluate the relationships between long bone CSP within the lower limb and how this might improve our interpretations of metatarsal variability.Materials and MethodsThe study includes protohistoric Andaman Islanders (n = 26) and Later Stone Age (LSA) Southern Africans (n = 25) from approximately 10,000–500 BP. Skeletal data were acquired from past studies of these groups. Correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between CSP of lower limb bones within individuals. Principal component analyses were used to evaluate how each lower limb bone contributed to variation in CSP among individuals.ResultsThe correlations between the CSP in the femur and tibia were always strong, but the correlations with the first metatarsal are variable. Variation in femoral loading largely drove PCAs, with less influence by the first metatarsal, or loading in the opposite direction.DiscussionThe femur and tibia experience similar patterns of mechanical loading, specifically in compression and tension, but the first metatarsal does not reflect the same biomechanical patterns as the femur and tibia. Similarly, the first metatarsal often drove variation in the opposite direction as the femur, indicating differences in the mechanical loading pattern between the two bones.
A Three‐Dimensional Inorganic Analogue of 9,10‐Diazido‐9,10‐Diboraanthracene: A Lewis Superacidic Azido Borane with Reactivity and Stability
Authors: Zhang Chonghe , Liu Xiaocui , Wang Junyi , Ye Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the facile synthesis of a three‐dimensional (3D) inorganic analogue of 9,10‐diazido‐9,10‐dihydrodiboraantracene, which turned out to be a monomer in both the solid and solution state, and thermally stable up to 230 °C, representing a rare example of azido borane with boosted Lewis acidity and stability in one. Apart from the classical acid‐base and Staudinger reactions, E−H bond activation (E=B, Si, Ge) was investigated. While the reaction with B−H (9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) led directly to the 1,1‐addition on Nα upon N2 elimination, the Si−H (Et3SiH, PhMe2SiH) activation proceeded stepwise via 1,2‐addition, with the key intermediates 5int and 6int being isolated and characterized. In contrast, the cooperative Ge−H was reversible and stayed at the 1,2‐addition step.
Unveiling Hetero‐Enyne Reactivity of Aryliminoboranes: Dearomative Hetero‐Diels–Alder‐Like Reactions
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Zhang Xin , Hu Chaopeng , Chu Hongxu , Li Qianli , Ruiz David A. , Liu Liu Leo , Tung Chen‐Ho , Kong Lingbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeing isoelectronic with alkynes, iminoboranes with a polar B≡N triple bond have been exclusively investigated as a potent 1,2‐dipole in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we disclose the unprecedented reactivity of aryliminoboranes via the BNCC π conjugation, namely hetero‐enyne behavior. This allows for facile dearomative Diels–Alder‐like reactions of aryliminoboranes with aldehydes. This cycloaddition features mild conditions, is catalyst‐free, and has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Kinetic and computational studies reveal its second‐order reaction and concerted cyclization mechanism. This report unveils new synthetic application of iminoboranes beyond their classical reaction patterns.
Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile‐ versus Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Fritz Maximilian , Rupp Severine , Kiene Ciara I. , Kisan Sesha , Telser Joshua , Würtele Christian , Krewald Vera , Schneider Sven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitride complexes are key species in homogeneous nitrogen fixation to NH3via stepwise proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). In contrast, direct generation of nitrogenous organic products from N2‐derived nitrides requires new strategies to enable efficient reductive nitride transfer in the presence of organic electrophiles. We here present a 2‐step protocol for the conversion of dinitrogen to benzonitrile. Photoelectrochemical, reductive N2splitting produces a rhenium(V) nitride with unfavorable PCET thermochemistry towards ammonia generation. However,N‐benzoylation stabilizes subsequent reduction as a basis for selective nitrogen transfer in the presence of the organic electrophile and Brønsted acid at mild reduction potentials. This work offers a new strategy for photoelectrosynthetic nitrogen fixation beyond ammonia—to yield nitrogenous organic products.
Self‐Assembly of a Bis‐NHC Ligand and Coinage Metal Ions: Unprecedented Metal‐Driven Chemistry between the Tri‐ and Tetranuclear Species
Authors: Nishad Rajeev C. , Kumar Shashi , Rit Arnab 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe discrete multinuclear AgI−NHC complexes [Agn(1)n)](X)n; (n=3 or 4, X=BF4, PF6), synthesized from a bis‐NHC ligand1and AgIions via multiligand self‐assembly, were observed to be in equilibrium between two forms (tri‐ and tetranuclear) in solution on the NMR timescale, which is unprecedented in CNHC‐donor based chemistry. The existence of both the species was confirmed by various studies such as NMR (1H, VT, 2D‐DOSY) and ESI‐MS analysis along with concentration studies. Importantly, replacing AgIwith other coinage metals (AuIand CuI) was found to alter the phenomenon entirely: a slow exchange from the tetra‐ to trinuclear species was noticed for the AuIcomplexes (4 a, b), whereas no such process was detected in case of the CuIcomplexes (5 a, b).
Stabilizing Perovskite Precursor by Synergy of Functional Groups for NiOx‐Based Inverted Solar Cells with 23.5 % Efficiency
Authors: Li Mengjia , Li Haiyun , Zhuang Qixin , He Dongmei , Liu Baibai , Chen Cong , Zhang Boxue , Pauporté Thierry , Zang Zhigang , Chen Jiangzhao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells suffer from poor reproducibility due to the degradation of perovskite precursor solution. Herein, we report an effective precursor stabilization strategy via incorporating 3‐hydrazinobenzoic acid (3‐HBA) containing carboxyl (−COOH) and hydrazine (−NHNH2) functional groups as stabilizer. The oxidation of I−, deprotonation of organic cations and amine‐cation reaction are the main causes of the degradation of mixed organic cation perovskite precursor solution. The −NHNH2can reduce I2defects back to I−and thus suppress the oxidation of I−, while the H+generated by −COOH can inhibit the deprotonation of organic cations and subsequent amine‐cation reaction. The above degradation reactions are simultaneously inhibited by the synergy of functional groups. The inverted device achieves an efficiency of 23.5 % (certified efficiency of 23.3 %) with an excellent operational stability, retaining 94 % of the initial efficiency after maximum power point tracking for 601 hours.
Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C−H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Wang Tian‐Yi , Chen Xiao‐Xuan , Zhu Dong‐Xing , Chung Lung Wa , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA rhodium(I)‐diene catalyzed highly enantioselective C(sp2)−H functionalization of simple unprotected indoles, pyrroles, and their common analogues such as furans, thiophenes, and benzofurans with arylvinyldiazoesters has been developed for the first time. This transformation features unusual site‐selectivity exclusively at the vinyl terminus of arylvinylcarbene and enables a reliable and rapid synthetic protocol to access a distinctive class of diarylmethine‐bearing α,β‐unsaturated esters containing a one or two heteroarene‐attached tertiary carbon stereocenter in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest that, compared to the aniline substrate, the more electron‐rich indole substrate lowers the C−C addition barrier and alters the rate‐determining step to the reductive elimination, leading to different isotope effect.
Diastereodivergent Aldol‐Type Coupling of Alkoxyallenes with Pentafluorophenyl Esters Enabled by Synergistic Palladium/Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Wang Peixin , Zhang Qinglong , Tang Wenjun , Zi Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a fundamental and synthetically useful C−C bond formation reaction, the aldol reaction is one of the most versatile transformations in organic synthesis. However, despite extensive research on asymmetric versions of the reaction, a unified method for stereoselective access to the complementary syn and anti diastereomeric products remains to be developed. In this study, we developed a synergistic palladium/chiral Lewis base system that overcomes the inherent diastereoselectivity bias of aldol reactions and, as a result, allowed us to achieve the first diastereodivergent coupling reactions of alkoxyallenes with pentafluorophenol esters. Computational studies suggest a mechanism involving an intermolecular protonative hydropalladation pathway rather than a palladium‐hydride migratory insertion pathway. The origin of the stereochemistry for this synergistic catalysis system is rationalized by DFT calculations.