bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF INTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DUCT IN CADAVERIC LIVER
Authors: Khatiwada Sushma , Adhikari Budhi Nath , Shrestha Iju 
Published: May 2022

Background: Hepatobiliary system has many variations. Use of cadavers, intraoperative data and various imaging modalities are the commonly employed techniques for determining the anatomy of intrahepatic bile ducts. The vivid picture of hepatobiliary system is a must for hepatobiliary surgery and identification of frequency distribution of typical and atypical pattern and different types of atypical pattern are vital. This study aimed to uncover its frequency distribution and also to recognize the variations therein.
Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014 by taking 50 complete human cadaveric livers without evidence of injuries or previous operations. Livers were dissected, duct traced, colored, photographed and the findings were entered in a proforma.
Results: Out of 50 dissected livers, 32 showed typical pattern (Type A, 64%) whereas 18 liver showed atypical pattern of confluence (36%). The type B pattern was seen in 6 (12%) and type C was seen in 8 of them (16%). Of these 8 cases, subtype C1 was observed in 6 livers (12%) and subtype C2 was found in 2 livers (4%). Type D was seen in 3 livers (6%). and all of them were of the subtype D1. There were no cases of subtype D2 and of type E. Type F was observed in a single case (2%).
Conclusions: An accurate knowledge of the anatomical variations of the intrahepatic biliary tree is important for a successful hepatobiliay surgery.
LUNG ULTRASOUND SCORE BEFORE AND AFTER EXTUBATION FOR PREDICTING WEANING OUTCOME
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Pal Anusmriti , Pant Chiranjibi , Shrestha Bishow 
Published: May 2022

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an emerging, essential, safe and easily repeatable bed­side tool being used for the management of critically ill patients in ICUs. Weaning off the ventilator and decide to extubate require right decision and appropriate timing to avoid ex­tubation failure. The study aimed to perform LUS in planned extubation patients who passed SBT, for the assessment of lungs, before and after extubation.
Methods: A single-centre, observational study at medical ICU of a tertiary level hospital in Nepal was conducted on invasive mechanically ventilated patients. LUS was performed be­fore extubation on those who were planned to extubate and repeat scan done after 24 hours of extubation. LUS scores were calculated at both times. p-value 0.05 was considered statisti­cally significant.
Results: Twenty-eight patients were included after passing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), one patient had extubation failure. Mean LUS score before and after extubation came to be 16.15 ± 7.00 and 13.15 ± 4.59 respectively with high degree of correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.896, P <0.001). The mean difference in LUS scores before and after extubation was signifi­cant (Mean difference: 3.00 ± 3.54, t = 4.402, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Lung ultrasound is very useful additive tool in predicting extubation failure eas­ily and timely. Its use after extubation also helps in early prediction of post-extubation failure by assessing aeration changes and other lung pathology.
RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MENTAL FORAMEN IN CHITWAN POPULATION
Authors: Thakur Smriti Narayan , Mishra Meena Kumari , Pandey Basuraj , Singh Harendra , Mishra Shrijhana 
Published: May 2022

Background: Knowledge about the type & position of mental foramen is very much important landmark for dentists to perform any surgical procedure in the vicinity of mental foramen. The pur­pose of this study was to determine the most frequently occurring type & position of the mental foramen in Chitwan population using digital Panoramic Radiograph.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on 500 (250 Male& 250 Female) digital panoramic radiograph which were collected from the department of Oral Medicine & Radi­ology. The type & position of Mental Foramen was analysed with Dicom viewer. The data obtained was statistically analyzed by with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 20.
Result: The most common type of mental foramen was Type 3 (diffuse with a distinct border of the foramen) & the test showed significant difference by gender. The most common position of mental foramen was position 4 (in line with second premolar) followed by position 3 (Between the first & second premolar) with no significant difference with gender with p-value <0.05.
Conclusions: This study shows that the most frequent appearance of mental foramen lies in the line of second premolar. So this finding is used as a guide line in Chitwan population to perform various type of dental surgical procedure safely in mental foramen region but the accurate radio­graphic identification of mental foramen is paramount.
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG ADULTS IN CENTRAL PART OF NEPAL
Authors: Sedhain Arun , Sapkota Abja , Shrestha Bidhan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterized by pathological invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Majorities of organisms causing UTI are gram negative bacteria, most common of which is E. coli. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to isolate the organism and to identify the susceptible drug of choice for appropriate treatment. This hospital-based study was carried out to analyze the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms causing UTI.
Methods: A retrospective study was done to analyze the results of urine culture and sensitivity test done at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two and half years. Standard guideline and protocol were used to collect the urine sample and to perform the test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.
Result: Out of 12, 925 urine samples submitted for culture and sensitivity test during the study period, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 3, 173 (24.54%) samples, which was significantly higher among females (28%) than the males (17%). The most common organism isolated on the culture was E. coli (68.5%) followed by Klebsiella (18.4%). Sensitivity of the uropathogens was seen highest with colistin (79.2%) followed by teicoplanin (64.58%), Aztreonam (63.25%) and Ni­trofurantoin (61.16%). Most common antibiotics that showed resistance to the microorganisms in this study were Ampicillin (60.93%), Cotrimoxazole (53.72%), Cefixime (40.57%) and Levofloxacin (32.93%).
Conclusions: This study has found a usual pattern of UTI with higher prevalence among females and E. coli being the most common organism. Nitrofurantoin has been found to have a good sus­ceptibility for the treatment of UTI.
OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING SPACING AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Pradhan Megha , Dhital Shweta , Dahal Sirjana , Joshi Ujjwal , Sherchan Prabesh , Pokhrel Prafen 
Published: May 2022

Background: Understanding the association between morphological aspects in the primary dentition and its transition to the permanent dentition provides the possibility of predicting the final permanent occlusion. Study on the occlusal characteristics in deciduous dentition in Nepalese population is limited. This study was aimed to assess the occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition in preschool children.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 preschool children around Kathmandu valley after getting permission from Institutional Review Committee of Kath­mandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Each child fulfilling the inclusion criteria was enrolled on the study only after their assent and their parent’s consent. The primary molar relation, canine relation, overjet, overbite was assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria with the teeth in centric occlusion. Primate and physiological spaces were assessed. Data was collected and analysis was done in SPSS version 16.
Results: Among the participants, (51.9%) were male and (48.1%) female. Primate spaces was seen to be absent on157 (36.3%) children. Physiological space was seen among 190 (44%) children. Flush terminal plane molar relationship was more prevalent among 294 (68%) chil­dren. Class I canine relationship was found in 257(59.5%) children. Ideal overjet was seen in 333 (77.1%) children and ideal overbite was seen among 337(78%) children.
Conclusions: Favorable characteristics traits were seen in the studied population yet longi­tudinal studies are recommended to predict the possible outcome in permanent dentition.
CARACTERIZACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA DEL BONO DEMOGRÁFICO DE LA ZONA URBANA DE LA CIUDAD DE CORONEL OVIEDO, AÑO 2019
Authors: Recalde Gayoso Alejandra Raquel , Recalde Hugo Alfredo , Rojas Aquino Arnaldo Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo describe la caracterización socioeconómica del bono demográfico de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Coronel Oviedo, año 2019. El abordaje del tema se debe a que el actual bono demográfico del país debe ser impulsado para generar crecimiento y desarrollo económico. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la característica socioeconómica del bono demográfico de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Coronel Oviedo en el año 2019. El propósito ha sido conseguido con base en una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo y no experimental, para lo cual se aplicó una encuesta estructurada con preguntas cerradas y abiertas, a una población de 781 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 28 años, tomando como muestra a 270 (doscientos setenta) personas dentro de ese margen de edad de la población económica activa (PEA). El resultado de la investigación comprueba que el bono demográfico se encuentra presente, de los cuales un 57% son mujeres y un 43% hombres, con un 80% que está en un nivel de educación superior o terciaria, con una condición socioeconómica favorable, ya que el 68% indica estar empleado, de los que un 70% trabajan en el sector privado, lo que demuestra que tienen una condición socioeconómica estable. Esto es favorable para el crecimiento económico de la ciudad.
Palabras clave: Crecimiento. Población. Socioeconómico. Demografía. ABSTRACT
This paper describes the socioeconomic characterization of the demographic dividend of urban area of the city of Coronel Oviedo, year 2019. The approach to the topic is due to the fact that the current demographic dividend of the country must be boosted to generate growth and economic development. The objective of the research was, to analyze the socioeconomic characteristic of the demographic dividend of urban area of the city of Coronel Oviedo in the year 2019. The purpose has been achieved based on a quantitative approach research, descriptive and non-experimental type, for which a structured survey with closed and open questions was applied, with a population of 781 young people aged between 18 and 28 years, taking as a sample 270 (two hundred and seventy) people within that age range of the economically active population (EAP). The result of the investigation proves that the demographic dividend is present, of which 57% are women and 43% are men, with 80% of them in a higher or tertiary education level, with a favorable socioeconomic condition since 68% indicate to be employed, of which 70% work in the private sector, which shows that they have a stable socioeconomic condition, which favors the economic growth of the city.
Keywords: Growth. Population. Socioeconomic. Demographic.
Primeros pasos en la elaboración de un baremo regional del test de Raven para adolescentes posadeños
Authors: M. M Pernía 
Published: May 2022

Los tests de inteligencia constituyen un indicador fundamental del desarrollo mental y del rendimiento cognitivo. Sus resultados se utilizancomo base para la toma de importantes decisiones en ámbitos clínicos, escolásticos y laborales, y para la predicción científica de comportamientos y habilidades. Por tal motivo resulta crucial asegurar la validez y confiabilidad de sus puntuaciones y su correcta interpretación. Cuando los test son de tipo normativo (como es el caso del Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven-TMPR); la interpretación de las puntuaciones de un individuo se realiza en base a los resultados obtenidos por otros individuos de la misma población (grupo normativo). De esta manera, las normas proporcionan un estándar que permite situar en contexto las puntuaciones individuales y derivar un significado interpretativo de ellas. Un aspecto importante a tener en cuenta sobre este punto es que las normas no son absolutas, permanentes ni aplicables a todas las poblaciones. Esto implica que las mismas deben ser actualizadas con cierta regularidad y adaptadas a las características geosociales de determinados grupos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los primeros pasos en el desarrollo de un baremo regional del TMPR- Escala General, para adolescentes posadeños. Este proyecto, de tipo descriptivo-transversal, se ejecuta en el marco de la Facultad de Psicología, Educación y Relaciones Humanas de la Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata-Argentina, con el propósito de brindar a la comunidad científica una estandarización del test que facilite la interpretación válida de las habilidades intelectuales de los adolescentes de la región. Palabras-claves: Inteligencia. Test de Matrices Progresivas- Escala General de Raven. Adolescentes argentinos. Baremo.
Cómo se enseña Matemática
Authors: Vega José M. 
Published: May 2022

El objeto de estudio fue caracterizar las prácticas de enseñanza de la matemática en la escuela secundaria y la unidad de análisis estará conformada específicamente por tales prácticas en una escuela secundaria. Bajo el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el proceso, se obtuvo que las concepciones de los profesores de matemática manifiesten una tendencia investigativa, aunque la práctica lo contradice al observarse una tendencia tradicional. Entonces, ¿hasta qué punto se debe llegar en estos cursos para modificar estas creencias?, de manera más general, ¿cuáles serían esos factores que logran modificar las creencias de los profesores? No importa la formación inicial, los profesores tienden a superponer sus creencias por encima de sus concepciones, por tanto, dichas creencias caracterizan la práctica docente.Palabras claves: Formación Inicial, prácticas de enseñanza, matemática, concepciones, tendencias.
THỰC TRẠNG KÊ ĐƠN VÀ SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH CHO BỆNH NHÂN NGOẠI TRÚ CÓ BẢO HIỂM Y TẾ TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ QUẬN LONG BIÊN, HÀ NỘI NĂM 2020
Authors: Quý Nguyễn Trần 
Published: May 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Kê đơn chính xác và sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý là một vấn đề cấp thiết hiện nay. Bức tranh thực trạng sử dụng kháng sinh sẽ giúp các nhà điều hành, nhân viên y tế phần nào thực hiện tốt việc sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý.
Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng thực hiện các quy định về kê đơn và thực trạng sử dụng kháng sinh cho bệnh nhân ngoại trú có bảo hiểm y tế tại Trung tâm y tế quận Long Biên, Hà Nội năm 2020.
Phương pháp: mô tả cắt ngang.
Kết quả: 100% số đơn thuốc ghi đầy đủ họ tên, chẩn đoán, ngày chẩn đoán của bệnh nhân; 16,6% số đơn thuốc ghi đầy đủ địa chỉ của bệnh nhân. 100% số đơn ghi đầy đủ số lượng, hàm lượng thuốc và liều dùng. 86,2% số đơn ghi rõ đường dùng. 75,8% ghi cụ thể thời gian và 78,4% ghi rõ thời điểm dùng. 72,2% số đơn có 1 kháng sinh. 12 loại kháng sinh được sử dụng chia làm 6 nhóm và nhóm kháng sinh được sử dụng nhiều nhất là nhóm β-lactam.
Kết luận và khuyến nghị: Phổ biến quy định kê đơn thuốc ngoại trú về việc ghi địa chi cụ thể của bệnh nhân và thời gian dùng thuốc đến các bác sỹ trong bệnh viện.
THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC, THỰC HÀNH VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN PHÒNG CHỐNG BỆNH SỐT XUẤT HUYẾT CỦA NGƯỜI DÂN PHƯỜNG TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO, HẢI DƯƠNG
Authors: Đức Nguyễn Hoàng Việt 
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng kiến thức, thực hành và một số yếu tố liên quan đến phòng chống bệnh sốt xuất huyết của người dân tại phường Trần Hưng Đạo, thành phố Hải Dương, tỉnh Hải Dương năm 2021. Phương pháp : Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trên 382 người dân tham gia nghiên cứu từ 18 tuổi trở lên tại phường Trần Hưng Đạo, thành phố Hải Dương, tỉnh Hải Dương vào năm 2021. Kết quả : Tỷ lệ người dân có kiến thức/ thực hành đạt về phòng chống bệnh sốt xuất huyết dengue lần lượt là 50,8% và 53,1%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức và thực hành bao gồm nghề nghiệp và trình độ học vấn. Người có kiến thức về phòng chống sốt xuất huyết dengue đạt có thực hành đạt cao gấp 4,44 lần ngưởi có kiến thức không đạt. Kết luận và khuyến nghị: Tỷ lệ người dân phường Trần Hưng Đạo, thành phố Hải Dương có kiến thức và thực hành phòng chống bệnh sốt xuất huyết chưa cao. Vì vậy, cần tăng cường công tác truyền thông cho người dân và đẩy mạng các hoạt động phòng chống bệnh trong cộng đồng.
Perspective Chapter: Malnutrition and Air Pollution in Latin America – Impact of Two Stressors on Children’s Health
Authors: Kurtz Melisa , Lezon Christian , Boyer Patricia , Tasat Deborah 
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, the evolution of the concept of nutrition has acquired a notion of three concurrent dimensions. Nutrition was considered an exclusively biological process while now, it comprises social and ecological aspects. Inadequate nutrition and air pollution are two major nongenetic environmental factors known to cause serious public health problems worldwide. Air pollution does not impact in the same way on the population at large, being particularly the children one of the most vulnerable subpopulations. Additionally, the nutritional status may modify the susceptibility to air pollution exposure and cause a wide range of acute and chronic cardio-respiratory diseases. Moreover, undernutrition is identified as a major health problem with devastating healthcare effects on the individual, social, and economic development. On a global scale, chronic undernourishment affects 144 million children younger than 5 years. However, the mechanism linking undernutrition and air pollution exposure still remains unclear. At present, only few epidemiological studies have been reported associating child malnutrition and air pollution. Therefore, a better understanding of the interactions between undernutrition and air pollution exposure is needed to guide action by individuals and governments.
An improved two-stage label propagation algorithm based on LeaderRank
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Yang Jinyun , Guo Jingfeng , Chen Jing , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To solve the problems of poor stability and low modularity (Q) of community division results caused by the randomness of node selection and label update in the traditional label propagation algorithm, an improved two-stage label propagation algorithm based on LeaderRank was proposed in this study. In the first stage, the order of node updating was determined by the participation coefficient (PC). Then, a new similarity measure was defined to improve the label selection mechanism so as to solve the problem of label oscillation caused by multiple labels of the node with the most similarity to the node. Moreover, the influence of the nodes was comprehensively used to find the initial community structure. In the second stage, the rough communities obtained in the first stage were regarded as nodes, and their merging sequence was determined by the PC. Next, the non-weak community and the community with the largest number of connected edges were combined. Finally, the community structure was further optimized to improve the modularity so as to obtain the final partition result. Experiments were performed on nine classic realistic networks and 19 artificial datasets with different scales, complexities, and densities. The modularity and normalized mutual information (NMI) were used as evaluation indexes for comparing the improved algorithm with dozens of relevant classic algorithms. The results showed that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance, and the results of community partitioning obtained using the improved algorithm were stable and more accurate than those obtained using other algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm always performs well in nine large-scale artificial data sets with 6,000 to 50,000 nodes and three large realistic network datasets, which verifies its computational performance and utility in community detection for large-scale networks.
Hospital-level characteristics of the standardised mortality ratio for ischemic heart disease: a retrospective observational study using Japanese administrative claim data from 2012 to 2019
Authors: Onishi Ryo , Hatakeyama Yosuke , Matsumoto Kunichika , Seto Kanako , Hirata Koki , Wu Yinghui , Hasegawa Tomonori 
Published: May 2022

Background
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and imposes a heavy burden on patients. Previous studies have indicated that the optimal care for IHD during hospitalisation may reduce the risk of in-hospital mortality. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) is an indicator for assessing the risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality ratio based on case-mix. This indicator can crucially identify hospitals that can be changed to improve patient safety and the quality of care. This study aimed to determine the hospital-level characteristics of the SMR for IHD in Japan.

Methods
This study was designed as a retrospective observational study using the Japanese administrative claim data from 2012 to 2019. The data of all hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of IHD (ICD-10, I20-I25) were used. Patients with complete variables data were included in this study. Hospitals with less than 200 IHD inpatients in each 2-year period were excluded. The SMR was defined as the ratio of the observed number of in-hospital deaths to the expected number of in-hospital deaths multiplied by 100.The observed number of in-hospital deaths was the sum of the actual number of in-hospital deaths at that hospital, and the expected number of in-hospital deaths was the sum of the probabilities of in-hospital deaths. Ratios of in-hospital mortality was risk-adjusted using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the logistic models. Changes in SMRs in each consecutive period were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results
A total of 64,831 were admitted patients with IHD in 27 hospitals as complete submission data. The SMRs showed wide variation among hospitals, ranging from 35.4 to 197.6, and analysis models indicated good predictive ability with a c-statistic of 0.93 (95% CI [0.92–0.94]) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test of 0.30. The results of chi-square tests and t-tests for all variables to assess the association with in-hospital mortality were P < 0.001. In the analysis of trends in each consecutive period, the SMRs showed positive correlations.

Conclusions
This study denoted that the SMRs for IHD could be calculated using Japanese administrative claim data. The SMR for IHD might contribute to the development of more appropriate benchmarking systems for hospitals to improve quality of care.