bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Drilling Operations with Well Path Analysis using Borehole Torsion and Well Curvature
Authors: Turner William , Al Adawi Samaa Saif Salim , Li Yongfeng , Pryporov Maksym , Lightfoot Jonathan , Samuel Robello 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years multiple papers on borehole torsion, well curvature, and well profile energy have been published, highlighting the potential value in describing the well path with these new indices. (Samuel et al. 2021; Samuel and Zhang 2019; Samuel and Liu 2009; Samuel et al. 2005) In practice, these well path calculations have proven more challenging to calculate in comparison to more common measures such as dogleg severity. To enable the use of these new metrics, a web application was developed to make the outputs accessible to drilling engineers globally. Once available, the use of torsion and curvature aids in interpreting and anticipating downhole trajectory related issues and assists in differentiating between borehole cleaning and trajectory problems. This paper presents an overview of the web application, the method used for calculation, and two case studies demonstrating the real time application of torsion and torsion/curvature ratio representing how they provide additional insight beyond what is available from evaluating dogleg severity alone.
A real-time methodology has been implemented by combining operational experience with multiple trajectory metrics. Proactive wellpath evaluation proved to be key in identifying measured depth intervals with higher likelihood for operational challenges during casing running and tripping operations in Permian Delaware Basin laterals.
Progress Toward an Open-Source Drilling Community: Contributing and Curating Models
Authors: Shor Roman J. , Kandala Shanti Swaroop , Gildin Eduardo , Noynaert Sam F. , Losoya Enrique Z. , Kesireddy Vivek , Vishnumolakala Narendra , Kim Inho , Ng James , Wilson Josh K. , Cayeux Eric , Dixit Rajat , Payette Gregory S. , Cunningham Ty , Pastusek Paul E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a follow-up to the challenge set forth by (Pastusek et al, 2019) to create an open-source drilling community for modelling and data, this paper presents the charter, contribution methods, workflows, and interoperability standards of the open source drillstring modelling community. A series of examples, ranging from simple drillstring and fluids models to coupled drillstring dynamics models are included. They demonstrate the coding styles, validation, and verification necessary to submit a model to the repository. These models include a torsional drillstring model, a coupled axial-torsional drillstring dynamics model with integrated control system responses, an advanced fluid model for drilling fluids, and a bottomhole assembly dynamics model. The drillstring modelling and overall optimization communities are invited to make use of these models and contribute their own to create an active ecosystem that promotes progress.
Optical Modelling Of Gaas/Gasb Core-Shell Cone Topped Octagonal Faced Nanopillar Array With Periodic Trapezoidal Textured Cut For High Photon Trapping Efficiency
Authors: Baruah Smriti , Bora Joyatri , Borah Janmoni , Maity Santanu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Proficiency in light reflectance mitigation is the most crucial factor for high photodetector performance.In this respect light trapping mechanism based on nanostructures or microstructures such as nanopillars,nanocones,nanopyramids have emerged as the most promising candidate for reducing overall light reflectance. This could be attributed to its effective large irradiation area, multiple scattering of incident light as well as increased path length of incident rays in these nanostructures.This paper proposes an optical modelling of a GaAs/GaSb material based vertically oriented core-shell cone topped octagonal shaped nanopillar structure with periodical trapezoidal nanotexturization over it to be deployed over a circular planar detector’s surface of radius 50um.The geometrical analytical investigation of the proposed model exhibits a 0.999 overall absorbance and 0.995A/W photoresponsivity along with 87% EQE at 1um operating wavelength.
The ‘study walk-through': a method to help translate your protocol into an accurate and successful study
Authors: Lang Trudie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The operational planning and delivery of a clinical study determines whether it can answer the question that it has set. Strong methodology is needed to ensure that the study endpoints are measured accurately, safely and ethically. The study walk-through is a method to ensure that every step in a study protocol is carefully considered in its operational context, and that those responsible for undertaking the step are tasked with overseeing it appropriately. This article describes the study walk-through approach, with the aim of informing others about its use.
Methods
To implement the study walk-through method, the entire study team is gathered as early as possible in the planning of the study. An overview of the study protocol is presented, focusing on the primary endpoints and how these will be measured. One team member then leads the process of describing the study step-by-step, as it would be operated at the study centres. Each team member is encouraged to imagine each step from the participant’s perspective. The process covers steps from community engagement and recruitment, through each visit, until the end of the study. The processes and data collected are discussed in the context of actions that relate specifically to the participants, e.g. clinical assessments. The coordinator leads the discussion of each study step, which is recorded as the discussion flows.
Results
The study walk-through method has been applied and refined in highly varied clinical studies over 20 years. Across the three examples presented, which span malaria, podoconiosis and Ebola virus research, the method was used to anticipate and address a diverse range of operational issues. These included issues relating to protocol design, the recruitment and retention of study participants, randomisation, maintaining study blinding, primary endpoint measurement, transporting samples, data entry and follow-up.
Conclusions
This effective method ensures that each team member fully understands the protocol and research question, allowing them to identify elements of their role that are key to the study outcome. This process also uses the experience of each team member to inform the design and operational planning of the study, thereby raising standards and reducing errors.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Kaneta Anri , Sasada Hirotaka , Matsumoto Takuma , Sakai Tsuyoshi , Sato Shuichi , Hara Takashi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. Early cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with acute cholecystitis. However, emergency surgery may not be indicated due to complications and disease severity. Patients requiring drainage are usually treated with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), whereas patients with biliary duct stones undergo endoscopic stones removal followed by endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD). Herein, we investigated the efficacy of EGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis.Methods. Overall, 101 patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy between September 2019 and September 2020 in our department were retrospectively analyzed.Results. The patients (n = 101) were divided into three groups: control group that did not undergo drainage (n = 67), a group that underwent EGBD (n = 7), and a group that underwent PTGBD (n = 27). Average surgery time was 124.0, 191.9, and 150.7 minutes, respectively. Control group had a significantly shorter surgery time, whereas it did not significantly differ between EGBD and PTGBD groups. The average amount of bleeding was 11.8 g, 7.1 g, and 30.6 g, respectively, and control group had significantly less bleeding than PTGBD group. We further divided patients into the following subgroups: patients requiring a 5-mm clip to ligate the cystic duct, patients requiring a 10-mm clip due to the thickness of the cystic duct, patients requiring an automatic suturing device, and patients undergoing subtotal cholecystectomy due to impossible cystic duct ligation. There was no significant difference between EGBD and PTGBD regarding the clip used or the need for an automatic suturing device and subtotal cholecystectomy.Conclusion. There was no significant difference between EGBD and PTGBD groups regarding surgery time or bleeding amount when surgery was performed after gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Therefore, EGBD was considered a useful preoperative drainage method requiring no drainage bag.
The relationship between the status of hypertension and lifestyle risk factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a case-control study
Authors: Yan Xiwu , Meng Ting , Liu Huaijun , Liu Jinfeng , Du Jun , Chang Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
In epidemiological studies, hypertension is related to the difference in the incidence of cognitive impairment, but the evidence is currently inconsistent regarding the association of disease duration, treatment, control, and life risk factors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with hypertension.
METHODS
We selected 572 patients with hypertension treated in six medical centers in Nanjing from 2017 to 2020. The cognitive function of participants was assessed using MoCA. Potential risk factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire. Risk factors associated with the conversion of MCI occurring in hypertension were analyzed using multifactorial regression analysis.
RESULTS
MCI was observed in 256 of 572 individuals. MCI was more likely with increasing age (OR=1.15, 95%CI 1.10-1.20), and high education was better at preventing MCI (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.32-0.71) among baseline clinical characteristics. Risk factors independently associated with MCI were diabetes (OR=2.40, 95%CI 1.53-3.76), Hyperlipidemia (OR=1.49, 95%=1.01-2.16), high salt diet (OR=2.27, 95%CI 1.34-3.84), and physical activity:༞2h/week (OR=0.65, 95%0.44-0.94). Controlling blood pressure to target values helped prevent MCI(OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.30-0.65), and these results were similar when stratified by age.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that it is necessary to popularize hypertension knowledge and a healthy lifestyle, and optimize treatment to achieve the goal of preventing cognitive decline in the middle-aged and elderly.
Use Recognizable Digital twin in Virtual Measurement for General Both Evaluation of Additive &amp; Subtractive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Chang Han-Jui , Zhang Guang-Yi , Lu Shu-Zhou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: "Subtractive manufacturing" and "additive manufacturing" are inseparable mechanical processing manufacturing processes, and must be carried out at the same time is an established processing concept. In order to achieve continuous improvement, production machine tools are required to effectively identify the causes of possible defects. Therefore, the uncertainty of performance prediction is a very important subject. Methods: Combination of Digital Twin、RPE and VM is used to make the quantized value close to the true overall average value, which can be used with other algorithm theorems. Results: Final Total σ (sigma) represents the σ control value after comparing the DT value of these types of "reduced additive manufacturing" with the experimental value of ET. It shows result of overall additive manufacturing is 53 σ, and Table 5 shows that of overall subtractive manufacturing is 64 σ. It can be evaluate the performance of the concept of adding or subtracting material manufacturing and processing to promote the subsequent development of artificial intelligence (AI).Conclusions: The combined RPE method is not limited to cutting test parts of any geometry, and can be designed that the cutting test parts also collect sufficient statistical data. The detailed information about machine tool analysis considers the advantages and disadvantages of each machine tool. Designers must continue to improve the performance of adding and subtracting materials, and objectively give evaluation qualified performance indicators, in order to continuously correct the improvement and perform performance evaluation.
Habitat Fragmentation Did Not Affect the Composition of Braconid Wasp Communities in Tropical Lowland Forests of Panama
Authors: Scott Louise A. Rodríguez , Medianero Enrqiue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The forests along the eastern bank of the Panama Canal have been conserved for more than 200 years; however, in the last 171 years, these sites have been pressured by anthropic activities. Studies of the influence of habitat fragmentation on braconid wasp communities in Central America is scarce, showing the existing information gap on these communities required to implement strategic plans for ecosystem sustainability and conservation. This study investigated how fragmentation affects braconid wasp communities in three areas in Panama City: Metropolitan Natural Park, Albrook and Corozal. Two permanent Malaise Traps were installed in the center of each fragment and were reviewed weekly from May 2019 to March 2020. Similarity and fragmentation indices were used to demonstrate the influence of habitat fragmentation on braconid wasp communities.
Results
There is a decrease in the degree of fragmentation (FRAG=6.95, on a scale of 0-10). A similarity of 99% was estimated for the composition of wasp community in the fragments studied. Wasp subfamily and morphospecies assemblages were more similar between fragments of Albrook and Metropolitan Natural Park. Richness and abundance of braconid wasps observed were statistically different between the fragments studied.
Conclusion
Landscapes with an intermediate degree of fragmentation does not influence the composition of braconid wasp communities, reflected by high similarity between communities. Therefore, the fragments studied can be used as stepping stones to maintain remaining populations of braconid wasp communities. Monitoring is recommended to assess the effect of fragmentation on the remaining forests.
Plastome comparison and phylogenomic of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae): insights into detailed sequence divergence and taxonomic relationships
Authors: Li Qiu-jie , Liu Yu , Wang An-hu , Chen Qing-fu , Wang Jian-mei , Peng Lu , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) is a small plant lineage comprised of more than fifteen economically and medicinally important species. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus are not well explored, and the characteristics of Fagopyrum chloroplast genomes (plastomes) remain poorly understood so far. It restricts the comprehension of species diversity in Fagopyrum. Therefore, a comparative plastome analysis and comprehensive phylogenomic analyses are required to reveal the taxonomic relationship among species of Fagopyrum. Results: In the current study, 12 plastomes were sequenced and assembled from eight species and two varieties of Fagopyrum. In the comparative analysis and phylogenetic analysis, eight previously published plastomes of Fagopyrum were also included. A total of 49 plastomes of other genera in Polygonaceae were retrieved from GenBank and used for comparative analysis with Fagopyrum. The variation of the Fagopyrum plastomes is mainly reflected in the size and boundaries of inverted repeat/single copy (IR/SC) regions. Fagopyrum is a relatively basal taxon in the phylogenomic framework of Polygonaceae comprising a relatively smaller plastome size (158,768–159,985 bp) than another genus of Polygonaceae (158,851–170,232 bp). A few genera of Polygonaceae have nested distribution of the IR/SC boundary variations. Although most species of Fagopyrum show the same IRb/SC boundary with species of Polygonaceae, only a few species show different IRa/SC boundaries. The phylogenomic analyses of Fagopyrum supported the cymosum and urophyllum groups and resolved the systematic position of subclades within the urophyllum group. Moreover, the repeat sequence types and numbers were found different between groups of Fagopyrum. The plastome sequence similarity showed significant differences between intra-group and inter-group.Conclusions: The deletions of intergenic regions cause a short length of Fagopyrum plastomes, which may be the main reason for plastome size diversity in Polygonaceae species. Most of the Polygonaceae plastomes may have experienced gene loss events, resulting in the nested distribution of IR/SC boundary variation. The phylogenomic reconstruction combined with the characteristics comparison of plastomes supports grouping within Fagopyrum. The outcome of these genome resources may facilitate the taxonomy, germplasm resources identification as well as plant breeding of Fagopyrum.
Inbreeding depression in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) over generations
Authors: NARAYANAPUR VIJAYAKUMAR B , B Suma , S Minimol J , V Santoshkumar A , Mathew Deepu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the third important beverage from Amazon forest basin. The processed seeds are used for the production of chocolate, cocoa powder and cocoa butter. The cross pollinating nature coupled with existence of self/cross incompatibility poses much difficulty to the cocoa breeders. Variation within the population is the basis for the selection. The cocoa inbreds of various genotypes belonging to different generations, maintained at Cocoa Research Centre (CRC) were evaluated from 2016-2019. In the S1, S2, generation of M 18.7 genotype positive inbreeding depression was observed for 17 and 16 characters respectively, whereas, maximum inbreeding depression (10%) was observed for wet bean weight per pod. In the S1, S2 and S3 generation of G II 7.4 genotype, positive inbreeding depression was observed for 10,15 and 7 characters respectively, whereas, highest negative inbreeding depression (-92.45 per cent) for ridge thickness i.e., high ridge thickness was observed in S4 generation. In the S1 and S2 generation of G IV 35.7, positive inbreeding was observed in 16 and 15 characters respectively. The similar trend of inbreeding depression in various genotypes has shown both negative and positive inbreeding depression. The inbreeding depression in cocoa inbreds over generation was not stable. ridge thickness and bean thickness, yield per pod per tree, pod index and phenol content have shown negative inbreeding depression indicating that these characters are controlled by additive genes.
Rapid Cycle Training for Non-Critical Care Physicians to Meet Intensive Care Unit Staff Shortage At An Academic Training Center In A Developing Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bakhsh Abdullah , Asiri Razan , Alotaibi Hadeel , Boker Abdulaziz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe sudden unexpected increase in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), resulted in an urgent need for expanding the physician workforce. A COVID-19 Critical Care Crash Course was implemented to introduce physicians without prior critical care experience to care for critically ill COVID-19 patients. Upon successful completion of the course, physicians were recruited to work in a COVID-19 ICU under supervision of a board-certified critical care physician. The aim of this study is to describe the methods of a novel course designed specifically to teach the management critically ill COVID-19 patients, while assessing the change in knowledge, skill competency, and self-reported confidence.MethodsThe 1-day focused COVID-19 critical care crash course is composed of both virtual and practical components. Candidates may register for the practical component only after successful completion of the virtual component. We assessed knowledge acquisition using a multiple-choice question test (pre- and post-test assessment), skill competency, and self-reported confidence levels during simulated patient settings.ResultsSixty-five physicians/trainees from different specialties were included in the analysis. Knowledge significantly increased from 14.92± 3.20 (out of 20 multiple-choice questions) to 18.81± 1.40 (p< 0.01), skill competence during practical stations had a mean minimum of 2 (out of 3), and self-reported confidence during a simulated patient setting increased significantly from 4.98± 1.15 (out of 10) to 8.76± 1.10 (out of 10) (p< 0.01).ConclusionPhysicians with no prior critical care experience can acquire relevant knowledge, perform sufficient basic skills and work confidently in a team after completing a focused 1-day evidence-based course, in order to increase critical care physician workforce.
Heavy metal in honey bees, honey and pollen produced in different locations of Konya province in Turkey
Authors: Bayir Huseyin , Aygun Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigated the levels of heavy metals in honey bee, honey and pollen samples obtained from different locations of Konya City in Turkey. Five honey-bee colonies were placed in eight different locations, four of them around the city center and four in rural areas, in the province of Konya City in Turkey. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) levels were determined in honey-bee, honey, and pollen samples taken from these colonies, with comparison between samples from urban and rural areas. The values of Cd and Pb in honey samples and those of Cd in pollen samples did not differ significantly among the locations. All heavy metal values of honey bee samples were lower in rural areas than in urban areas (P < 0.05). Significant statistical differences were determined for Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn values of honey and pollen samples among the locations (P < 0.05). Heavy metal values of honey and pollen samples obtained from different locations were in agreement with the International Food Standard values.
HCMV infection activates NLRP3 inflammasome by releasing mtDNA into cytosol in human THP-1 cells
Authors: Xu Xi , Lu Yutian , Huang Kaizhao , Guo Binhan , Fang Yangyang , Lai Meimei , Lan Linhua , Peng Ying , Zheng Xiaoqun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of monocytes results in the production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The objective of the study was to explore the mechanism behind the activation of inflammation. HCMV infection activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced the secretion of IL-1β in THP-1 cells. Besides, HCMV infection caused mitochondrial dysfunction, including excessive ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial fusion. Importantly, the infection reduced the expression of TFAM protein and the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm, which may contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, our finding suggests that HCMV infection may activate NLRP3 inflammasome by releasing mtDNA into the cytosol in human THP-1 cells and provides novel insights into the innate immune response against HCMV infection.