bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mechanistic Study on the Formation of Acetone (CH3COCH3), Propanal (CH3CH2CHO), Propylene Oxide (c-CH3CHOCH2) along with Their Propenol Enols (CH3CHCHOH/CH3C(OH)CH2) in Interstellar Analog Ices
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Fabian Kleimeier N. , Eckhardt André K. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carbonyl-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs) in the interstellar medium (ISM) are of significant importance due to their role as potential precursors to biomolecules. Simple aldehydes and ketones like acetaldehyde, acetone, and propanal have been recognized as fundamental molecular building blocks and tracers of chemical processes involved in the formation of distinct COMs in molecular clouds and star-forming regions. Although previous laboratory simulation experiments and modeling established the potential formation pathways of interstellar acetaldehyde and propanal, the underlying formation routes to the simplest ketone—acetone—in the ISM are still elusive. Herein, we performed a systematic study to unravel the synthesis of acetone, its propanal and propylene oxide isomers, as well as the propenol tautomers in interstellar analog ices composed of methane and acetaldehyde along with isotopic-substitution studies to trace the reaction pathways of the reactive intermediates. Chemical processes in the ices were triggered at 5.0 K upon exposure to proxies of Galactic cosmic rays in the form of energetic electrons. The products were detected isomer-selectively via vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In our experiments, the branching ratio of acetone (CH3COCH3):propylene oxide (c-CH3CHOCH2):propanal (CH3CH2CHO) was determined to be (4.82 ± 0.05):(2.86 ± 0.13):1. The radical–radical recombination reaction leading to acetone emerged as the dominant channel. The propenols appeared only at a higher radiation dose via keto–enol tautomerization. The current study provides mechanistic information on the fundamental nonequilibrium pathways that may be responsible for the formation of acetone and its (enol) isomers inside the interstellar icy grains.
Classifying Unidentified X-Ray Sources in the Chandra Source Catalog Using a Multiwavelength Machine-learning Approach
Authors: Yang Hui , Hare Jeremy , Kargaltsev Oleg , Volkov Igor , Chen Steven , Rangelov Blagoy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The rapid increase in serendipitous X-ray source detections requires the development of novel approaches to efficiently explore the nature of X-ray sources. If even a fraction of these sources could be reliably classified, it would enable population studies for various astrophysical source types on a much larger scale than currently possible. Classification of large numbers of sources from multiple classes characterized by multiple properties (features) must be done automatically and supervised machine learning (ML) seems to provide the only feasible approach. We perform classification of Chandra Source Catalog version 2.0 (CSCv2) sources to explore the potential of the ML approach and identify various biases, limitations, and bottlenecks that present themselves in these kinds of studies. We establish the framework and present a flexible and expandable Python pipeline, which can be used and improved by others. We also release the training data set of 2941 X-ray sources with confidently established classes. In addition to providing probabilistic classifications of 66,369 CSCv2 sources (21% of the entire CSCv2 catalog), we perform several narrower-focused case studies (high-mass X-ray binary candidates and X-ray sources within the extent of the H.E.S.S. TeV sources) to demonstrate some possible applications of our ML approach. We also discuss future possible modifications of the presented pipeline, which are expected to lead to substantial improvements in classification confidences.
The X–shooter/ALMA Sample of Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization. II. Black Hole Masses, Eddington Ratios, and the Formation of the First Quasars
Authors: Farina Emanuele Paolo , Schindler Jan-Torge , Walter Fabian , Bañados Eduardo , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , Eilers Anna-Christina , Fan Xiaohui , Hennawi Joseph F. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Meyer Romain A. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Volonteri Marta , Wang Feige , Worseck Gábor , Yang Jinyi , Gutcke Thales A. , Venemans Bram P. , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Costa Tiago , Rosa Gisella De , Drake Alyssa B. , Onoue Masafusa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present measurements of black hole masses and Eddington ratios (λ
Edd) for a sample of 38 bright (M
1450 < −24.4 mag) quasars at 5.8 ≲ z ≲ 7.5, derived from Very Large Telescope/X–shooter near–IR spectroscopy of their broad C iv and Mg ii emission lines. The black hole masses (on average, M
BH ∼ 4.6 × 109
M
⊙) and accretion rates (0.1 ≲ λ
Edd ≲ 1.0) are broadly consistent with that of similarly luminous 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 2.3 quasars, but there is evidence for a mild increase in the Eddington ratio above z ≳ 6. Combined with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the [C II] 158 μm line from the host galaxies and VLT/MUSE investigations of the extended Lyα halos, this study provides fundamental clues to models of the formation and growth of the first massive galaxies and black holes. Compared to local scaling relations, z ≳ 5.7 black holes appear to be over-massive relative to their hosts, with accretion properties that do not change with host galaxy morphologies. Assuming that the kinematics of the T ∼ 104 K gas, traced by the extended Lyα halos, are dominated by the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo, we observe a similar relation between black hole mass and circular velocity as reported for z ∼ 0 galaxies. These results paint a picture where the first supermassive black holes reside in massive halos at z ≳ 6 and lead the first stages of galaxy formation by rapidly growing in mass with a duty cycle of order unity. The duty cycle needs to drastically drop toward lower redshifts, while the host galaxies continue forming stars at a rate of hundreds of solar masses per year, sustained by the large reservoirs of cool gas surrounding them.
Luminous Supernovae: Unveiling a Population between Superluminous and Normal Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Gomez Sebastian , Berger Edo , Nicholl Matt , Blanchard Peter K. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae can be divided into two broad classes: the common Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c), powered by the radioactive decay of 56Ni, and the rare superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), most likely powered by the spin-down of a magnetar central engine. Up to now, the intermediate regime between these two populations has remained mostly unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive study of 40 luminous supernovae (LSNe), SNe with peak magnitudes of M

r
= −19 to −20 mag, bound by SLSNe on the bright end and by SNe Ib/c on the dim end. Spectroscopically, LSNe appear to form a continuum between Type Ic SNe and SLSNe. Given their intermediate nature, we model the light curves of all LSNe using a combined magnetar plus radioactive decay model and find that they are indeed intermediate, not only in terms of their peak luminosity and spectra, but also in their rise times, power sources, and physical parameters. We subclassify LSNe into distinct groups that are either as fast evolving as SNe Ib/c or as slow evolving as SLSNe, and appear to be either radioactively or magnetar powered, respectively. Our findings indicate that LSNe are powered by either an overabundant production of 56Ni or by weak magnetar engines, and may serve as the missing link between the two populations.
Electron Density Variations in the Interstellar Medium and the Average Frequency Profile of a Scintle from Pulsar Scintillation Spectra
Authors: Bartel N. , Burgin M. S. , Fadeev E. N. , Popov M. V. , Ronaghikhameneh N. , Smirnova T. V. , Soglasnov V. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We observed the scintillation pattern of nine bright pulsars at 324 MHz and three at 1.68 GHz and analyzed the wavenumber spectrum, which is related to electron density variations of the plasma turbulence of the interstellar medium (ISM). For all pulsars the frequency section of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the dynamic spectra to at least 45% of the maximum corresponds to predictions of scattering theories with a range of power-law exponents of the wavenumber spectrum of 3.56 ≤ α ≤ 3.97 with errors ≤0.05 and a mean with standard deviation of 3.76 ± 0.13. The range includes α = 3.67 for the Kolmogorov spectrum. Similar results, although with larger errors, were found from the Fourier transform of the ACFs down to ∼10−3 of the maximum. No clear case of a distinction between thin-screen and extended-medium scattering models was found. The average frequency profile of the scintles can be characterized for steep wavenumber spectra with α ≲ 4 by a cusp with a somewhat rounded peak. For flatter spectra, down to at least α ∼ 3.56 the cusp with its peak becomes more pronounced and its decay steepens. We discuss our findings in the context of the scattering characteristics of the ISM.
Dark Matter–admixed Rotating White Dwarfs as Peculiar Compact Objects
Authors: Chan Ho-Sang , Chu Ming-chung , Leung Shing-Chi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Discoveries of anomalous compact objects challenge our understanding of the standard theory of stellar structures and evolution, so they serve as an excellent laboratory for searching for new physics. Earlier studies on spherically symmetric dark matter (DM)–admixed compact stars could explain a handful of anomalies. In this paper, we investigate the observational signatures of DM-admixed rotating white dwarfs, and make connections to observed peculiar compact objects. We compute the equilibrium structures of DM-admixed rotating white dwarfs using a self-consistent, two-fluid method, with the DM component being a nonrotating degenerate Fermi gas. We find that admixing DM to rotating white dwarfs could: (1) account for some peculiar white dwarfs that do not follow their usual mass–radius relation; (2) allow stable rapid-rotating white dwarfs that are free from thermonuclear runaway to exist, which could explain some soft gamma-ray repeaters/anomalous X-ray pulsars; and (3) produce universal I (moment of inertia)–Love (tidal Love number)–Q (quadrupole moment) relations that span bands above those without DM admixture, thus providing an indirect way of searching for DM in white dwarfs through gravitational-wave detection. To conclude, DM-admixed rotating white dwarfs can account for some peculiar compact objects. Our results suggest a systematic approach to accounting for the unusual compact objects that upcoming surveys could discover.
Numerical Simulations of Oscillations in Solar Corona Excited by Vortex Shedding
Authors: Jelínek Petr , Belov Sofya , Karlický Marian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study transverse oscillations of plasma structures in the solar corona excited by vortex shedding solving the full set of the 3D ideal time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic equations. To present how the creation of vortices and excited oscillations depend on the initial flow speed and various values of the magnetic field, we performed a parametric study for two cases, an interaction of a steady flow with a rigid and spatially fixed cylindrical obstacle, and with a cylinder fixed at the boundaries. We show that generated vortices can excite oscillations, e.g., transverse (kink), in the solar corona, for example in coronal loops, filaments, flux ropes, or similar magnetic structures. It has been found that the oscillation period is close to the theoretically predicted value. Moreover, we study the dependence of the Strouhal number with respect to the magnetic field under the conditions of the solar atmosphere.
Insurance Status and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Initiation Among Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the CARRA Registry
Authors: Roberts Jordan E. , Williams Kathryn , Dallas Johnathan , Eckert Mary , Huie Livie , Smitherman Emily , Soulsby William D. , Zhao Yongdong , Son Mary Beth F. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivePrompt escalation to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) is recommended for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and ongoing disease activity despite treatment with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). It is unknown whether these recommendations are equitably followed for children with different insurance types. We assessed the association of insurance coverage on the odds and timing of TNFi use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of children with newly diagnosed JIA in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. We compared the odds of starting a TNFi in the first year and time from cDMARD to TNFi initiation between those with public and private insurance.ResultsWe identified 1086 children with new JIA diagnoses. Publicly insured children had significantly higher active joint counts and parent/patient global assessment scores at the enrollment visit. They were also more likely to have polyarticular arthritis compared to those with private insurance. Odds of any TNFi use in the first year did not differ between publicly and privately insured children. Publicly insured children were escalated from cDMARD to TNFi more quickly than privately insured children.ConclusionChildren who were publicly insured had more severe disease and polyarticular involvement at registry enrollment compared to those who were privately insured. Whereas overall TNFi use did not differ between children with different insurance types, publicly insured children were escalated more quickly, consistent with their increased disease severity. Further research is needed to determine why insurance coverage type is associated with disease severity, including how other socioeconomic factors affect presentation to care.
Rabat smart city, est-elle participative ?
Authors: Mouttaki Adil 
Published: December 2022

Cet article entend analyser et discuter l’implication et la réception de la population locale par rapport au projet de smart city adopté par Rabat. Il s’agira en fait de déceler les répercussions de l’usage des Tics sur la gestion des services publics ainsi que la participation civique des résidents. La démarche méthodologique mobilisée est fondée sur une approche d’investigation empirique qui cherche à documenter la question digitale et à la confronter à la réalité de la science et du terrain avec des allers et retours réflexifs vers les enseignements dégagés du terrain de recherche. Le cadre théorique est envisagé via une approche appuyée sur la sociodynamique comme discipline qui tente de concilier les impératifs de l’Institution et les attentes du Corps Social (Van Laethem, 2019). Concernant les résultats, l’article conclut que la capitale n’implique pas concrètement ses habitants en particulier ceux issus des quartiers défavorisés qui, affaiblis par leur manque de maîtrise et d’usage des Tics, restent en marge du processus de définition et d’implémentation du projet digital.
Les femmes algériennes non migrantes face à l’absence de leur famille à l’étranger : quelle redéfinition dans les rôles et mobilités de ces femmes qui restent ?
Authors: Haziza Lena 
Published: December 2022

Cet article interroge une forme de socialité en contexte migratoire : les expériences de l’absence vécue par les femmes qui restent dans le pays que des membres de leur famille ont quitté. Quelle est la portée de la migration chez les personnes non-migrantes ? Tout en se focalisant sur les personnes qui restent, la grille d’analyse de l’absence permet d’appréhender le vécu de l’ensemble des personnes concernées par la migration : qu’elles aient la possibilité de communiquer entre elles, de se déplacer, ou non. Issu d’une recherche exploratoire effectuée en Algérie en 2020, cet article est étayé par les entretiens menés avec des femmes algériennes résidant dans les wilayas d’Alger et de Relizane. Dans un premier temps est étudié la façon dont les rôles sociaux à l’intérieur de la famille se réagencent dans l’absence en fonction des rapports sociaux de genre et d’âge des personnes qui partent et des femmes qui restent. Ensuite, les difficultés dans leurs nouvelles mobilités à l’extérieur induites par l’absence sont abordées.
La (sur)vie en dehors des dispositifs d’hébergement institutionnel : exemples de débrouilles quotidiennes de familles exilées dans la Métropole bordelaise
Authors: Marchiset Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Cet article se propose d’interroger de manière conjointe les vulnérabilités auxquelles sont confrontées des familles exilées vivant dans un squat de la métropole bordelaise, et les réponses formulées par ces dernières pour y faire face et se créer une place dans la société d’arrivée. À partir des trajectoires et des expériences quotidiennes de ces familles, l’accent sera mis sur les problématiques liées à la mobilité, l’habitat et l’alimentation, toutes trois au cœur des tensions entre contraintes et espaces de liberté, incarnées par ailleurs dans le couple vulnérabilité – agency (Butler, Gambetti, et Sabsay, 2016). En replaçant ces vulnérabilités à l’intérieur d’un contexte politique globalement inhospitalier à leur égard, nous verrons en quoi la création d’un « chez-soi » devient ainsi à la fois une urgence et un défi.
Analyser l’évolution et les déterminants de la présence des familles immigrées au sein des hébergements pour personnes sans domicile
Authors: Eloy Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Cet article vise à appréhender l’évolution des caractéristiques socio-démographiques de la population sans domicile et met en exergue les liens ténus entre migration et sans-abrisme. En effet, l’analyse des enquêtes quantitatives réalisées depuis le milieu des années 1990 contribue à objectiver la part croissante des familles immigrées prises en charge en hébergement institutionnel. En analysant plus spécifiquement les déterminants du recours à l’hébergement de cette population, deux types de trajectoires se distinguent : le premier concerne des familles présentes en France depuis plusieurs années et s’inscrivant dans des trajectoires résidentielles précaires. Le deuxième type regroupe des familles récemment arrivées en France et n’ayant pas ou peu de ressources sociales et économiques. Ces résultats mettent également en avant le rôle déterminant du réseau de connaissances pour les immigrés dans le recours à l’hébergement institutionnel.
Entre recours et renoncement : une analyse de l’accès aux soins des femmes migrantes sans logement hébergées à l’hôtel en Île-de-France
Authors: Poncet Lorraine , Andro Armelle 
Published: December 2022

En utilisant les données de l’enquête DSAFHIR, collectées en 2017 auprès de 469 femmes migrantes sans logement hébergées à l’hôtel en Île-de-France, cet article explore les modalités de l’accès aux soins de ces femmes en mettant en regard deux mesures de cet accès : le recours à des professionnels de santé et le renoncement aux soins. Il apparaît que les femmes interrogées ont un taux de recours au médecin généraliste (66 %) plus faible que les immigrés, hommes et femmes, de la population générale, mais un taux de recours à la consultation de gynécologie élevé, dû à des besoins de soins périnatals importants. Les analyses multivariées montrent que la couverture médicale et la possession d’une carte de transport sont des déterminants importants de l’accès aux soins dans cette population.
A-Heal® in the Management of Chronic Nonhealing Ulcers
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Azam Md. Qamar , Jagne Nilesh Y. 
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of A-Heal® in the treatment of nonhealing ulcers (NHU).

Patients and Methods:
This is a case–control study involving 12 patients who applied A-Heal® 10 mg twice a day on an NHU till the complete healing of the ulcer. The control group had the standard treatment. A-Heal® is a 13 amino acid chain, which was initially isolated from the human placenta, is now synthesized, and has shown to be a powerful angiogenesis factor. Before starting the trial, morphologic features of the ulcers were noted including, size, shape, location, and associated diseases. The follow-up period was set at 6 months.

Results:
The average age of the treated patients was 52.5 ± 5.3 years in the study group and 51.9 ± 4.7 years in the control group. The mean duration of the ulcer was 13.7 ± 5.3 weeks. All the ulcers were located in the lower limbs. In 9 (75%) patients, there was total healing of ulcers in 22 days and three patients showed signs of wound healing with a reduction in wound size and required an additional 1 week for total healing of the ulcer. Regarding the secondary outcomes of preliminary efficacy, total healing and significant reduction of the area were observed in all patients. There were no adverse events recorded.

Conclusion:
This case series shows that A-Heal® has proved to be safe with a good preliminary efficacy to heal NHUs, according to the protocol and doses used. A larger clinical trial is needed to verify our results.
Response Surface Methodology-Based Quantification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine Using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Chauhan Anjali A. , Yadav Neeti J. , Shah Aarchika G. , Shah Darshil B. , Maheshwari Dilip G. , Shah Jignesh S. 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
A novel reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine by using an experimental design approach applying the response surface technique was developed and validated using a C18 column and its application in marketed formulation. Multivariate optimization of experimental conditions was achieved using experimental design employing organic content in the mobile phase, pH, and flow rate of the mobile phase as three independent variables. The aim of this study was to apply response surface methodology and to study the effect of the independent variables on the separation and estimation of both drugs by the RP-HPLC method using a faced central composite experimental design.

Materials and Methods:
Derringer's desirability function was used to optimize the retention period of the last eluting peak and peak symmetry, and it was discovered that the optimal conditions were potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in an isocratic ratio of 55:45 w/v, pH 3.5, and 0.4 ml/min flow rate. Baseline separation of both medications with good resolution and a run time of more than 7 min was accomplished using this ideal condition.

Results:
For lamivudine and zidovudine, a linear response was seen over the concentration range of 2–12 and 4–24 μg/mL, respectively. Lamivudine's limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined to be 3.08 and 9.18 μg/mL, respectively, whereas zidovudine's values were 3.24 and 10.17 μg/mL. According to the ICH guidelines acceptance criteria for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness, the method was successfully validated.