bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical biomarkers in oral submucous fibrosis: A scoping review
Authors: Kavitha Loganathan , Ranganathan Kannan , Shyam Sivasamy , Fathima Jaffer Hussain Shazia , Umesh Wadgave , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis scoping review was done to study the immunohistochemical biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), in literature published from 2010 to 2021.MethodThe protocol was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual (2017), and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews.ResultsEighty‐six studies included in this review reported 84 immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers in OSF: 10 epithelial markers, 28 connective tissue markers, 22 proliferative markers, and 24 other biomarkers that are transcription factors, cancer stem cell markers, cell signaling markers, proteins, and enzymes. The commonly reported IHC biomarkers were alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and E‐cadherin (seven articles each) followed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 (six articles each), p53, p63, and Ki67 (five articles each). α‐SMA, Ki67, CD105, and hTERT were significantly increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in a background of OSF (OSCC‐OSF) compared with OSF and normal subjects.ConclusionThe identified surrogate IHC biomarkers reported in OSF in this scoping review require validation with long‐term prospective studies to facilitate early diagnosis, for use in risk assessment, and plan appropriate treatment for OSF in clinical practice.Open Science Framework ID: osf.io/epwra
Quantitative proteomic study reveals differential expression of matricellular proteins between fibrous dysplasia and cemento‐ossifying fibroma pathogenesis
Authors: Duarte‐Andrade Filipe Fideles , Pereira Thais dos Santos Fontes , Vitório Jéssica Gardone , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Amorim Larissa Stefhanne Damasceno , Nawrocki Arkadiusz , Felicori Liza Figueiredo , De Marco Luiz , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri , Larsen Martin R. , Melo‐Braga Marcella Nunes , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFibrous dysplasia (FD) and cemento‐ossifying fibroma (COF) are the most common gnathic fibro‐osseous lesions. These diseases exhibit remarkable overlap of several clinicopathological aspects, and differential diagnosis depends on the combination of histopathological, radiographic, and clinical aspects. Their molecular landscape remains poorly characterized, and herein, we assessed their proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles.MethodsThe quantitative differences in protein profile of FD and COF were assessed by proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples. Pathway enrichment analyses with differentially regulated proteins were performed.ResultsFD and COF exhibited differential regulation of pathways related to extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, and platelet and erythrocytes activities. Additionally, these lesions demonstrated distinct abundance of proteins involved in osteoblastic differentiation and tumorigenesis and differential abundance of phosphorylation of Ser61 of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1).ConclusionsIn summary, despite the morphological similarity between these diseases, our results demonstrated that COF and DF present numerous quantitative differences in their proteomic profiles. These findings suggest that these fibro‐osseous lesions trigger distinct molecular mechanisms during their pathogenesis. Moreover, some proteins identified in our analysis could serve as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis of these diseases after further validation.
CAD‐CAM Fabricated Denture Base Resins: In Vitro Investigation of the Minimum Acceptable Denture Base Thickness
Authors: Alaseef Nawarah , Albasarah Sara , Al Abdulghani Hanan , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. , Gad Mohammed M. , Akhtar Sultan , Khan Soban Q. , Ateeq Ijlal Shahrukh , al‐Qarni Faisal D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of reducing material thickness on flexural properties of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) denture base resins.Materials and methodsFour CAD‐CAM denture base acrylic resin materials were selected; two were made via the subtractive method (AvaDent and IvoCad) and two were made with the additive method (FormLabs and NextDent). One heat‐polymerized denture base material was used as a control. Specimens were fabricated with varying thicknesses (n = 10/group): 3.3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2 mm, or 1.5 mm. Flexural strength was evaluated via a three‐point bending test. One‐ and two‐way ANOVA were used for data analysis along with Tukey's post hoc comparison (α = 0.05).ResultsReducing the thickness of materials made via the subtractive method did not influence flexural strength up to 2 mm (p > 0.05). However, the difference was significant at a 1.5 mm thickness (p ˂ 0.001). For materials made via the additive method, NextDent specimens had no significant decrease in flexural strength when the thickness was reduced to 2 mm (p = 0.58). FormLabs specimens showed a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.001), although the values of flexural strength were clinically acceptable. During testing, specimens manufactured via the additive method at a 1.5 mm thickness bent without fracturing and were therefore excluded. All materials showed a reduction in elastic modulus as the thickness decreased (p ˂ 0.001).ConclusionHeat‐polymerized, AvaDent, and IvoCad materials may be used for denture base fabrication at a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. FormLabs and NextDent may be fabricated at a 2 mm minimum thickness, with clinically acceptable flexural properties.
Flight and echolocation evolved once in Chiroptera: comments on ‘The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis’
Authors: Gardner Nicholas M. , Dececchi T. Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnderson and Ruxton (Mammal Review, 2020) reviewed the evolution of powered flight and laryngeal echolocation in bats. They hypothesised that powered flight and laryngeal echolocation evolved in separate lineages of handwing gliders. We note that fossil, character evolution, and developmental evidence contradicts their hypothesis, and we test their handwing gliding model, finding it aerodynamically implausible. We conclude that the traditional view of bat evolution (that flight and laryngeal echolocation evolved in the common ancestor of all bats, with the latter being lost in pteropodids) is more plausible than the proposed novel hypothesis.
Acitretin: Could it be a new therapeutic player in the field of onychomycosis?
Authors: Nasr Mohamed , Abd‐Elhamid Nahla , Abd‐Allah Dina , Elkholy Basma 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis represents a therapeutic challenge. The complete cure rate with itraconazole pulse therapy remains unsatisfactory implying the need for an effective therapeutic regimen. Given the successful treatment of recurrent dermatophytosis with isotretinoin and itraconazole, we investigated the therapeutic use of acitretin in onychomycosis.AimTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of combined itraconazole and acitretin versus monotherapy with each in onychomycosis.Patients and MethodsThe study included 135 adult patients with finger‐ and/or toenail onychomycosis. They were equally subdivided into 3 groups: itraconazole pulse therapy, acitretin and combined itraconazole/acitretin therapy. The drugs were administered for 3 months. Evaluation of severity was done by onychomycosis severity index score. Potassium hydroxide microscopy and culture were performed at baseline and at the end of the study.ResultsMycological and complete cure of onychomycosis was observed in 51.1% and 20% of the itraconazole group, 28.9% and 28.9% of the acitretin group, and 80% and 53.3% of the combined group. There was a statistically significant difference between groups in favour of the combined itraconazole/acitretin therapy (P ≤ .05).LimitationsSmall sample and short therapy duration.ConclusionsAcitretin could be a powerful therapeutic player in the field of onychomycosis, with greater efficacy when combined with itraconazole.
The structure of analog representation
Authors: Lee Andrew Y. , Myers Joshua , Rabin Gabriel Oak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a theory of analog representation. We first argue that the mark of the analog is to be found in the nature of a representational system's interpretation function, rather than in its vehicles or contents alone. We then develop therulebound structure theoryof analog representation, according to which analog systems use interpretive rules that map syntactic structural features onto semantic structural features. The theory involves three degree‐theoretic measures that capture three independent ways in which a system can be more or less analog. We explain how our theory improves upon prior accounts of analog representation, provides plausible diagnoses for novel challenge cases, extends to hybrid systems that are partially analog and partially symbolic, and accounts for some of the advantages and disadvantages of representing analogically versus symbolically.
Biological mechanisms underlying complications related to implant site preparation
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImplant site preparation is a critical stage of implant surgery that may underpin various complications related to implant surgery. This review discusses the latest available scientific information on risk factors related to implant site preparation. The role of the drilling process in relation to the density of the available alveolar bone, the effects of insertion torque on peri‐implant osseous healing, and implant‐related variables such as macrodesign and implant‐abutment connection are all factors that can influence implant success. Novel information that links osteotomy characteristics (including methods to improve implant initial stability, the impact of drilling speed, and increase of the implant insertion torque modifying the bone‐implant interface) with the appropriate instrumentation techniques will be discussed, as well as interactions at the bone‐biomaterial interface that may lead to biologic complications mediated by implant dissolution products.
Complications in bone‐grafting procedures: Classification and management
Authors: Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Ortiz‐Vigón Alberto , Molina Ana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBone‐regenerative interventions aiming to restore deficient alveolar ridges, such as the use of block grafts or through the application of guided bone‐regeneration principles, have reported positive outcomes in the published scientific literature. These interventions, however, are invasive, and hence, intraoperative and/or postoperative complications may occur. The types of complications and their severity may vary from the exposure of the biomaterial (membrane or graft) to postsurgical infections, neurosensorial disturbances, occurrence of hemorrhage, and pain, etc. The aim of the present narrative review was to search the available scientific evidence concerning the incidence of these complications, their effect on treatment outcomes, their clinical management and, finally, strategies aimed at prevention. Exposure of the barrier membrane or the block graft is the most common complication associated with oral regenerative interventions. To manage these complications, depending on the extent of the exposure and the presence or absence of concomitant infections, therapeutic measures may vary, from the topical application of antiseptics to the removal of the barrier membrane or the block graft. Regardless of their treatment, the occurrence of these complications has been associated with patient selection, with compliant patients (eg, nonsmokers) having a lower reported incidence of complications. Similarly, surgical factors such as correct flap elevation and a tensionless closure are of obvious importance. Finally, to prevent the incidence of complications, it appears prudent to utilize whenever possible less invasive surgical interventions.
Safety on demand: Post‐hypnotic suggestions of safety reduce neural signals of reward sensitivity with long‐term beneficial effects
Authors: Böhmer Justin , Schmidt Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreased reward sensitivity has been proposed as an important transdiagnostic feature for a series of disorders, including addictive behaviors. Earlier studies suggest that a positive affective state characterized by the feeling of safety could reduce an individual’s reward sensitivity. A promising technique to establish a feeling of safety on demand is to utilize post‐hypnotic suggestions. We hypothesized that the feeling of safety elicited by post‐hypnotic suggestions reduces neural signals of reward sensitivity. To test our predictions, we hypnotized 24 highly suggestible participants, suggested them to feel safe and coupled this feeling of safety to a post‐hypnotic trigger that reactivates the feeling of safety outside the hypnotic state. Participants then played a risk game both in a safety condition using the post‐hypnotic safety trigger and in a control condition using a neutral trigger. Simultaneously, we recorded their EEG. Participants reported significantly higher ratings of safety in the safety condition compared to the control condition. Even several weeks after the main experimental session, the post‐hypnotic safety trigger still elicited a significantly stronger feeling of safety compared to the control condition. Moreover, the Reward Positivity (RewP) was significantly reduced in the safety condition. As the RewP amplitude has been proposed as a psychophysiological marker for reward sensitivity, we conclude that the suggestion of safety by post‐hypnotic suggestions turns participants into a quiescence motivational state that makes them less reward sensitive. Therefore, we discuss implications of the post‐hypnotic safety trigger for the treatment of disorders associated with increased reward sensitivity such as addictive behaviors.
Three‐dimensional elastic beam frames: Rigid joint conditions in variational and differential formulation
Authors: Berkolaiko Gregory , Ettehad Mahmood 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider three‐dimensional elastic frames constructed out of Euler–Bernoulli beams and describe a simple process of generating joint conditions out of the geometric description of the frame. The corresponding differential operator is shown to be self‐adjoint. In the special case of planar frames, the operator decomposes into a direct sum of two operators, one coupling out‐of‐plane displacement to angular (torsional) displacement and the other coupling in‐plane displacement with axial displacement (compression). Detailed analysis of two examples is presented. We actively exploit the symmetry present in the examples and decompose the operator by restricting it onto reducing subspaces corresponding to irreducible representations of the symmetry group. These “quotient” operators are shown to capture particular oscillation modes of the frame.
A People's Abolition: How policed communities describe and enact liberatory futures
Authors: Chaudhary Mihir , Prowse Gwen , Weaver Vesla M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examine discourse from highly policed communities to understand how people employ ideas and practices in everyday life that resonate with abolitionism.MethodsUsing a civic infrastructure that connects people across cities, Portals, we draw from an archive of 415 dialogues centered on policing in five cities collected between 2016 and 2018. Using grounded theory, we identified and analyzed dialogues conveying an abolitionist perspective.ResultsThis article identifies three abolitionist themes in the dialogues: (1) A broad critique of safety rhetoric and ideology that participants believe is deployed to sanctify and expand policing; (2) An argument for existing communal structures as critical anchors in the broader transformation of their neighborhoods away from policing and toward alternative systems of justice grounded in relationality and reciprocity; and (3) Material and cultural autonomy as essential to futurist visioning and, ultimately, police abolition. Beyond documenting an abolitionist politic across the full set of dialogues, we analyze three conversations in‐depth to locate these themes in their full conversational complexity.ConclusionThe Portals dialogues expand our understanding of police abolition by grounding it in everyday conversation and in the people and places most impacted by policing.
Interleukin‐15 receptor subunit alpha regulates interleukin‐15 localization and protein expression in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Yoshida Shino , Fujimoto Taku , Takahashi Toshimasa , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Tanaka Minoru , Huang Yibin , Yasunobe Yukiko , Xie Keyu , Ohnishi Yuri , Minami Tomohiro , Takami Yoichi , Yamamoto Koichi , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
How are the dynamics of interleukin (IL)‐15 and its receptors altered during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, and how is IL‐15 regulated?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The mRNA levels of IL‐15 and interleukin‐2 receptor subunits beta and gamma increase during skeletal muscle differentiation, whereas interleukin‐15 receptor subunit alpha (IL‐15RA) exhibits different kinetics. IL‐15RA regulates the localization and expression of IL‐15 at the protein level.

AbstractInterleukin‐15 (IL‐15) is a myokine in the interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) family that is generated in the skeletal muscle during exercise. The functional effect of IL‐15 involves muscle regeneration and metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle. Reports have indicated that interleukin‐15 receptor subunit alpha (IL‐15RA) acts by regulating IL‐15 localization in immune cells. However, the dynamics of IL‐15 and its receptors, which regulate the IL‐15 pathway in skeletal muscle differentiation, have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IL‐15 regulation using a mouse skeletal muscle cell line, C2C12 cells. We found that the mRNA expression of IL‐15, interleukin‐2 receptor subunit beta (IL‐2RB; CD122) and interleukin‐2 receptor subunit gamma (IL‐2RG; CD132) increased, but that IL‐15RA exhibited different kinetics as differentiation progressed. We also found that IL‐15, mainly present in the cytosol, pre‐assembled with IL‐15RA in the cytosol and fused to the plasma membrane. Moreover, IL‐15RA increased IL‐15 protein levels. Our findings suggest that genes involved in the IL‐15 signalling complex are enhanced with the differentiation of myotubes and that IL‐15RA regulates the protein kinetics of IL‐15 signalling in skeletal muscle.
Interdisciplinary, internet-based trans health care (i²TransHealth): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nieder Timo O. , Renner Janis , Zapf Antonia , Sehner Susanne , Hot Amra , König Hans-Helmut , Dams Judith , Grochtdreis Thomas , Briken Peer , Dekker Arne 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLiving in an area with no or deficient structures for trans health care is disadvantageous for trans people. By providing an internet-based health care programme, i²TransHealth aims at reducing structural disadvantages for trans people living in areas lacking specialised care. The e-health intervention consists of video consultations and a 1:1 chat with a study therapist. Additionally, the i²TransHealth network cooperates with physicians, who especially offer crisis intervention close to the participants’ place of residence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness of the internet-based health care programme for trans people compared with a control (waiting) group. The following research questions will be examined with a sample of 163 trans people: Does a 4-month treatment with the i²TransHealth internet-based health care programme improve patient-reported health-outcomes? Is i²TransHealth cost-effective compared with standard care from a societal or health care payers’ perspective? Does the participation in and support by i²TransHealth lead to an increase of trans-related expertise in the physician network?Methods and analysisIn a randomised controlled trial, the outcomes of an internet-based health care programme for trans people will be investigated. In the intervention group, participants are invited to use i²TransHealth for 4 months. Participants allocated to the control group will be able to start with their transition-related care after 4 months of study participation. The primary outcome measure is defined as the reduction of psychosomatic symptoms, as assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, 4 months after using the i²TransHealth programme. Participants in both groups will undergo an assessment at baseline and 4 months after using i²TransHealth.Ethics and disseminationPositive ethical approval was obtained from the Hamburg Medical Association (PV7131). The results will be disseminated to service users and their families via media, to health care professionals via professional training and meetings and to researchers via conferences and publications.Trial registration numberNCT04290286.Protocol version22 December 2021 (V.1.0)
Temporal shifts in HIV-related risk factors among cohorts of adolescent girls and young women enrolled in DREAMS programming: evidence from Kenya, Malawi and Zambia
Authors: Mathur Sanyukta , Heck Craig J , Patel Sangram Kishor , Okal Jerry , Chipeta Effie , Mwapasa Victor , Chimwaza Wanangwa , Musheke Maurice , Mahapatra Bidhubhusan , Pulerwitz Julie , Pilgrim Nanlesta 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess temporal shifts in HIV risk factors among adolescent girls (AG, aged 15–19 years) and young women (YW, aged 20–24 years) in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia.DesignProspective cohorts with two time points (Kenya: 2016/2017, 2018; Malawi: 2017, 2018; Zambia: 2016/2017, 2018)SettingCommunity-based programming.Participants1247 AG (Kenya: 389, Malawi: 371, Zambia: 487) and 1628 YW (Kenya: 347, Malawi: 883, Zambia: 398)InterventionDetermined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe (DREAMS), a multisectoral approach to reduce AGYW’s HIV vulnerability by delivering a package of tailored, multilayered activities and services.Primary and secondary outcome measures: HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptom experience, number of sexual partners, condom use (consistently, at last sex), transactional sex, experience of physical violence (from intimate partners) and sexual violence (from intimate partners and strangers/non-partners).ResultsChanges in HIV-related risk behaviours among DREAMS participants varied by age group and country. Among AG, HIV testing increased (Kenya and Zambia) and sexual violence from partners (in Kenya and Malawi) and non-partners (in Malawi) decreased. Among YW, HIV testing increased and STI experience decreased in Malawi; consistent condom use decreased in Kenya; transactional sex increased in Kenya and Zambia; and physical violence (in Malawi) and sexual violence from partners (in Kenya and Malawi) and non-partners (all three countries) decreased over time.ConclusionsImprovements in HIV testing and reductions in experiences of sexual violence were coupled with variable shifts in HIV-related risk behaviours among DREAMS participants in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia. Additional consideration of AGYW’s risk circumstances during key life transitions may be needed to address the risk heterogeneity among AG and YW across different contexts.