bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming Airbnb Locally: Analysing Regulations in Amsterdam, Berlin and London
Authors: Hübscher Marcus , Kallert Till 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEuropean cities have responded differently to the growing number of short‐term rentals (such as Airbnb) and proposed a variety of regulations, although little is known about their efficiency. This paper contributes to filling the gap by analyzing both policy documents and spatial distributions of Airbnb listings between 2015 and 2020 using Amsterdam, Berlin, and London as case studies. We also compare the results with those of nine other European capitals. Our results show that cities follow highly individualized approaches. According to the strictness of each regulation, we see different intensities in the growth (and drop) of Airbnb listings, the share of multi‐hosts, and the share of apartments withdrawn from the regular housing market. There is also a spatial dispersion of listings from the center to the periphery. Our numbers insinuate that dynamically changing regulations force hosts to adapt continuously–which tames an uncontrolled proliferation, but more research is necessary.
Porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV): A threat for xenotransplantation?
Authors: Mueller Nicolas J. , Denner Joachim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe potential for a donor‐derived transmission of porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) to the recipient has been recognized since pigs were considered candidate donors for xenotransplantation. This review gives a short description of the viral properties and summarizes the current evidence of the effects of PCMV/PRV transmission in preclinical xenotransplantation. Despite evidence that PCMV/PRV does not infect human and non‐human primate cells, activation in the transplanted organ and detrimental systemic complications have been described. As PCMV/PRV is a herpesvirus able to establish latency, the importance of adequate screening of donor pigs is emphasized, as no efficient treatment is available. Furthermore, easy and successful ways of elimination of PCMV/PRV from pig herds are indicated.
Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome outbreaks in China using R‐INLA
Authors: Teng Jiaqi , Ding Shuzhen , Zhang Huiguo , Wang Kai , Hu Xijian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a category B infectious disease caused by Hantavirus infection, which can cause acute kidney injury and has a high mortality rate. At present, China is the country most severely afflicted by HFRS in the world, and it is critical to carry out efficient HFRS prevention and management in a scientific and accurate manner. The study used data on the incidence of HFRS in mainland China from 2015 to 2018, built a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal distribution model, and applied the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation algorithm to analyse the factors influencing the development of HFRS, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and the threshold exceedance locations. The results revealed that the woodland and grassland area (RR = 1.357, 95% CI: 1.005–1.791), economic level (RR = 1.299, 95% CI: 1.007–1.649), and traffic level (RR = 2.442, 95% CI: 1.825–3.199) were all significantly and positively associated with the development of HFRS, with traffic level having the strongest promoting effect. The seasonal cycle was obvious in time, with peaks in May–June and October–December each year, most notably in November. Spatially, there was a south‐heavy north‐light trend, with a high risk of incidence largely in places rich in mountain and forest vegetation, of which Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Jiangxi provinces continuing to have a high incidence in recent years, and the evolution of the epidemic in Hubei and Hunan was becoming more serious. When the early warning threshold was set at 0.2, the detection impact was best, and Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan, and Tianjin were positioned near the critical point of the exceedance threshold with the highest risk of incidence. It is recommended that the relevant managers call for active vaccination of outdoor workers, such as those working in agriculture and construction sites, implement rat prevention and extermination before winter arrives, and warn high‐risk and medium‐high‐risk areas to conduct early outbreak surveillance. Move the prevention and control gates forward based on the exceedance threshold for doing preventive and control detection and epidemic research and judgement work.
Estimation of Simulated Left Ventricle Elastance Using Lumped Parameter Modelling and Gradient-Based Optimization With Forward-Mode Automatic Differentiation Based on Synthetically Generated Noninvasive Data
Authors: Laubscher Ryno , Van Der Merwe Johan , Herbst Philip , Liebenberg Jacques 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluates a parameter discovery approach based on a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system in conjunction with optimization to approximate important cardiac parameters, including simulated left ventricle elastances. Important parameters pertaining to ventricular function were estimated using gradient optimization and synthetically generated measurements. Forward-mode automatic differentiation was used to estimate the cost function-parameter matrices and compared to the common finite differences approach. Synthetic data of healthy and diseased hearts were generated as proxies for noninvasive clinical measurements and used to evaluate the algorithm. Twelve parameters including left ventricle elastances were selected for optimization based on 99% explained variation in mean left ventricle pressure and volume. The hybrid optimization strategy yielded the best overall results compared to 1st order optimization with automatic differentiation and finite difference approaches, with mean absolute percentage errors ranging from 6.67% to 14.14%. Errors in left ventricle elastance estimates for simulated aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation were smallest when including synthetic measurements for arterial pressure and valvular flow rate at approximately 2% and degraded to roughly 5% when including volume trends as well. However, the latter resulted in better tracking of the left ventricle pressure waveforms and may be considered when the necessary equipment is available.
Effect of Rib Width and Cathode Thickness on the Performance of MOLB-Type SOFC
Authors: Yang Lei , Fan Shengliang , Liu Pengwei , Han Xu , Liu Yang , Jin Zunlong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a typical three-dimensional model of single channel mono-block-layer build solid oxide fuel cell (MOLB-type SOFC) was developed. The effects of rib width and cathode thickness on the species concentration distribution, electrochemical performance, and temperature distribution of MOLB-type SOFC were investigated. The results show that adapting a smaller rib width can improve the uniformity of gas distribution, decrease the concentration polarization, and improve the output performance of SOFC. The performance of the cell can be significantly improved by thickening the cathode electrode. When the cathode thickness is 0.45 mm, the maximum output power density is improved by 53.69% compared with that at 0.15 mm. With the increase of the cathode thickness, the enhancement of the cell performance by increasing the cathode thickness gradually decreases. In addition, as the cathode thickness increases, the concentration polarization and temperature gradient of the cell gradually rise, while the activation polarization gradually decreases.
Fused Deposition Modeling Fabrication Evaluation of a Ti-6Al-4V Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Warner Justin , Celli Dino , Scott-Emuakpor Onome , George Tommy , Tomlin Trevor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Centrifugal compressors have a critical impact on the performance of a jet engine and can be made out of aluminum, steel, or titanium alloy. However, if made out of Ti-6Al-4V, it would be more lightweight than if steel were used and stronger than if aluminum were used. Compressors manufactured using traditional techniques can be relatively expensive to manufacture, therefore, fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) can help reduce the cost while maintaining structural integrity. FDM/FFF usually prints polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) layer-by-layer using an extruder with a spool of material feeding into the extruder. Recently, metal-polymer filaments have become commercially available using this same printing apparatus as common “hobby-class” FDM printers. Using FDM with a metal-polymer matrix allows for a lower cost of production because of the intricate designs it can accomplish with little to no machining involved. Even with the benefits of printing a spool of material using FDM, there has been very little research done of Ti-6Al-4V printed in a FDM format. This document records the feasibility of using Ti-6Al-4V for a centrifugal compressor using FDM by incorporating a three-dimensional structured blue light scanner before heat treatments while also analyzing manufacturing capabilities at the tips of blades as well as the base. This analysis is a first-stage to quantify FDM metal print characteristics and properties.
Improvement of Silicon Nitride Turbine Blade Impact Resistance Under Uniaxial Compression Loading
Authors: Beauchamp Francis , Dubois Patrick K. , Plante Jean-Sébastien , Picard Mathieu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inside-out ceramic turbine (ICT), a novel microturbine rotor architecture, uses monolithic ceramic turbine blades held in compression by a rotating structural shroud instead of traditional superalloy turbine blades in order to increase its maximum turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and cycle efficiency. Previous work has shown that this microturbine architecture has potential to be viable for long-term operation in normal operating conditions. However, foreign object damage (FOD) has been a major concern for ceramic turbine rotor past development efforts, and its effects on the ICT ceramic turbine blades lifespan have not been studied thus far. An experimental approach was used to characterize the effect of the ICT configuration on ceramic turbine blade impact resistance: spherical steel impactors were fired toward silicon nitride specimens simulating blade boundary conditions for both traditional and inside-out turbine layouts. Preload levels ranging from 100 MPa to 400 MPa were applied on the inside-out layout specimens to determine its effect on impact resistance. Results indicate that the inside-out turbine configuration increases the resistance to FOD over a traditional turbine configuration. For the specific conditions of this study, the specimens resisted to over five times the impactor energy when fixed at both ends. Also, results show that applying a higher compression preload on the specimens helps to resist higher energy impacts by about 50% when far from the buckling limit.
Expression of Ki67 as detected by MIB-1 and its association with histopathological high-risk factors among patients with retinoblastoma tumour: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vuhahula Edda AM , Jumanne Shakilu , Yahaya James 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the expression of Ki67 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma tumour (RbT) as well as determining its association with histopathological high-risk factors (HHRFs).Methods and analysisRetrospectively, a total of 194 eyeball specimens from 163 children with RbT were reviewed at Muhimbili National Hospital between 2009 and 2013. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 using MIB-1 antibody (Abcam, batch ab93680, Cambridge, UK) was determined and correlated with the conventional HHRFs. The predictors of Ki67 expression were determined using binary logistic regression model in multivariate analysis. A two-tailed p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMajority (67.5%) of the patients had leukocoria and extraocular disease was found in 20.9% of all the patients. High expression of Ki67 was present in 63.8% of the 80 eyeballs that were tested. Massive choroidal invasion (adjusted OR (AOR)=9.32, 95% CI=2.82 to 10.89), positive retrolaminar optic nerve invasion (AOR=3.01, 95% CI=4.43 to 9.11), positive surgical margin (AOR=7.10, 95% CI=1.63 to 11.40) and pT4 (AOR=7.49, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.89) were the potential HHRFs that were associated with Ki67 overexpression.ConclusionOverexpression of Ki67 may be of prognostic value for patients with RbT as it has been shown in the present study that high expression was common in tumours with massive choroidal invasion, positive retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, positive surgical margin and advanced tumour stage, which are the conventional HHRFs associated with prognosis of RbT.
Impact of workflow interruptions on baseline activities of the doctors working in the emergency department
Authors: Mobeen Asyia , Shafiq Muhammad , Aziz Muhammad Haris , Mohsin Muhammad Junaid 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundWorkflow interruptions are common in the emergency department (ED) of the hospitals for physicians, leading to an increased risk of errors.PurposeThis study aims to understand the baseline activities of the ED doctors and how these are affected by workflow interruptions.MethodsThe study was conducted in two phases to collect the doctor’s perspective (through questionnaire survey) and observer’s perspective (through workflow observation study) about ED doctors’ baseline activities and workflow interruptions. Two different perspectives were obtained to make the insights clearer and more valuable. The point of view of the 223 doctors working in ED of the hospitals was recorded through a questionnaire survey. In the second phase, the observer’s point of view (authors) was obtained through a workflow observation study, and 13 doctors were observed for 160 hours.ResultsDirect communication with patients (37.1%) and ‘documentation and prescription’ (22.7%) were found to be the most frequent activities. The most common interruptions were visual and auditory distractions, rumination (mind-wandering) and intrusion (by co-workers). Also, the time consumed on indirect patient care (6.6%) was higher than direct patient care (4. 2%). Interruptions increase the chances of errors by making it hard for a doctor to resume a primary task after facing interruptions.ConclusionInterruptions increase the chances of errors and make it difficult for the doctors to resume primary tasks (after facing such incidents).
PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of three randomised trials
Authors: Meng Xiangjiao , Chen Yu , Xing Ligang , Liu Xinchao , Zhao Kaikai , Jiang Liyang , Zhang Li , Zhou Caicun , Yu Jinming 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTo date, none of randomised trials aim to compare the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This analysis pooled prospective data to compare the survival benefits of the two regimens for advanced NSCLC without targetable genetic mutations.MethodsData were pooled from three randomised phase III clinical trials:NCT03607539,NCT03134872andNCT02954172. 466 patients received PD-1 inhibitor (200 mg) plus pemetrexed (500 mg/m²) and platinum (cisplatin 75 mg/m2or carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 5 mg/mL/min), while 432 patients received bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) plus paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 6 mg/mL/min). Propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio was performed to balance baseline characteristics of the two arms. The endpoints of this analysis were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR).ResultsIn total, 375 patients in each arm were matched. With a median follow-up of 23 months (IQR 21–26), results showed that median PFS was significantly prolonged in the PD-1 inhibitor arm than in the bevacizumab arm (10.1 vs 7.4 months; HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.73, p<0.001). Improved OS was also demonstrated in the PD-1 inhibitor arm (27.9 vs 20.2 months; HR 0.75 95% CI 0.61 to 0.91, p=0.004). ORR in the PD-1 inhibitor arm was 56.8%, while that in the bevacizumab arm was 45.1%. However, exploratory subgroup analysis indicated that median PFS and median OS of the two arms were comparable in patients with negative programmed death ligand 1 expression or in patients aged ≥65 years old.ConclusionsPD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy was associated with significant survival benefits compared with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC, which provides evidence support to guide clinical practice. Nonetheless, the comparative survival outcomes in several subgroups indicated that bevacizumab plus chemotherapy still mattered.
Selection of patients for mechanical circulatory support for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Linde Louise , Mørk Sivagowry Rasalingam , Gregers Emilie , Andreasen Jo Bønding , Lassen Jens Flensted , Ravn Hanne Berg , Schmidt Henrik , Riber Lars Peter , Thomassen Sisse Anette , Laugesen Helle , Eiskjær Hans , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Christensen Steffen , Tang Mariann , Moeller-Soerensen Hasse , Holmvang Lene , Kjaergaard Jesper , Hassager Christian , Moller Jacob Eifer 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo describe characteristics of patients admitted with refractory cardiac arrest for possible extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and gain insight into the reasons for refraining from treatment in some.MethodsNationwide retrospective cohort study involving all tertiary centres providing ECPR in Denmark. Consecutive patients admitted with ongoing chest compression for evaluation for ECPR treatment were enrolled. Presenting characteristics, duration of no-flow and low-flow time, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), lactate and pH, and recording of reasons for refraining from ECPR documented by the treating team were recorded. Outcomes were survival to intensive care unit admission and survival to hospital discharge.ResultsOf 579 patients admitted with refractory cardiac arrest for possible ECPR, 221 patients (38%) proceeded to ECPR and 358 patients (62%) were not considered candidates. Median prehospital low-flow time was 70 min (IQR 56 to 85) in ECPR patients and 62 min (48 to 81) in no-ECPR patients, p<0.001. Intra-arrest transport was more than 50 km in 92 (42%) ECPR patients and 135 in no-ECPR patients (38%), p=0.25. The leading causes for not initiating ECPR stated by the treating team were duration of low-flow time in 39%, severe metabolic derangement in 35%, and in 31% low ETCO2. The prevailing combination of contributing factors were non-shockable rhythm, low ETCO2, and metabolic derangement or prehospital low-flow time combined with low ETCO2. Survival to discharge was only achieved in six patients (1.7%) in the no-ECPR group.ConclusionsIn this large nationwide study of patients admitted for possible ECPR, two-thirds of patients were not treated with ECPR. The most frequent reasons to abstain from ECPR were long duration of prehospital low-flow time, metabolic derangement and low ETCO2.
Evaluation of road safety policies and their enforcement in Mexico City, 2015–2019: an interrupted time-series study
Authors: Quintero Valverde Carolina , Perez-Ferrer Carolina , Chías Becerril Luis , Martínez Santiago Armando , Reséndiz Lopez Héctor , Prado Galbarro Javier , Quistberg D. Alex , Diez Roux Ana V , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMexico City approved new road safety policies in 2015, which included lower speed limits and higher fines for traffic offences. In 2019, economic fines were replaced by a point penalty system among other changes. This study evaluates these policies on road traffic collisions, injuries and deaths.MethodsCollisions data came from insurance collision claims (January 2015 to December 2019) and road traffic deaths from vital registrations (January 2013 to December 2019). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for each outcome using negative binomial regression models with an offset of insured vehicles (collisions) or total population (deaths). Then, we classified the 16 municipalities in the city into enforcement and no-enforcement groups based on presence or absence of automated traffic enforcement devices and conducted a controlled interrupted time series analysis.ResultsThe 2015 road safety policies had no effect on total collisions and collisions resulting in injury but were associated with a 0.2% (95% CI −0.3 to 0.0) decline in the mortality trend. The 2019 policies had no effect on total collisions but were associated with a 1.5% increase in the trend of collisions resulting in injuries and with a 2.7% (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5) increase in the mortality trend. Postpolicy trends in enforcement versus no-enforcement municipalities were not significantly different.ConclusionPolicies that included high economic penalties for speeding and dangerous behaviours were effective in decreasing traffic mortality while removing economic penalties and replacing them with a point penalty system were associated with an increase in collisions, resulting in injury and mortality.
Prenatal and postnatal correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in midlife: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Blodgett Joanna M , Norris Thomas , Stamatakis Emmanuel , O'Donovan Gary , Pinto Pereira Snehal M , Hamer Mark 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIt is hypothesised that lifelong physical activity behaviours are established in early life, however there is minimal, and contradictory, evidence examining prenatal and postnatal factors in relation to adulthood physical activity. We investigated associations between prospectively ascertained prenatal/postnatal factors and device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in midlife.MethodsAnalyses included 5011 participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study, a birth cohort study of individuals born within the same week. At birth, the following factors were ascertained: socioeconomic position (SEP), maternal age, number of previous pregnancies, maternal smoking, maternal diabetes, gestational age, birth weight, breastfeeding status and infant health concerns. MVPA was captured at age 46 with a thigh-worn accelerometer device following a 24-hour protocol over 7 days.ResultsIn sex-adjusted models, lower SEP (−6.7 min/day (95% CI: −9.0 to –4.4) in those with a partly or unskilled paternal occupation), younger maternal age (0.4 min/day (0.2 to 0.5) per additional year of maternal age), maternal smoking during pregnancy (−2.5 min/day (−4.0 to –1.0)) and post-term gestational age (−7.4 min/day (−11.5 to –3.4); boys only) were associated with lower MVPA at age 46. In the mutually adjusted model, associations did not change but there was some evidence that birth weight may also be associated with MVPA levels.ConclusionsSEP, maternal age, maternal smoking, post-term birth in boys and birth weight were associated with MVPA in midlife, indicating that midlife physical activity behaviours may be partially established at birth. Early interventions in disadvantaged environments may have a positive impact on physical activity throughout the life course.