bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polynomial Recurrent Neural Network-Based Adaptive PID Controller With Stable Learning Algorithm
Authors: Hanna Youssef F. , Khater A. Aziz , El-Nagar Ahmad M. , El-Bardini Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel structure of a polynomial weighted output recurrent neural network (PWORNN) for designing an adaptive proportional—integral—derivative (PID) controller. The proposed adaptive PID controller structure based on a polynomial weighted output recurrent neural network (APID-PWORNN) is introduced. In this structure, the number of tunable parameters for the PWORNN only depends on the number of hidden neurons and it is independent of the number of external inputs. The proposed structure of the PWORNN aims to reduce the number of tunable parameters, which reflects on the reduction of the computation time of the proposed algorithm. To guarantee the stability, the optimization, and speed up the convergence of the tunable parameters, i.e., output weights, the proposed network is trained using Lyapunov stability criterion based on an adaptive learning rate. Moreover, by applying the proposed scheme to a nonlinear mathematical system and the heat exchanger system, the robustness of the proposed APID-PWORNN controller has been investigated in this paper and proven its superiority to deal with the nonlinear dynamical systems considering the system parameters uncertainties, disturbances, set-point change, and sensor measurement uncertainty.
The weak link of democracy and the challenges of educating toward global citizenship
Authors: Dominici Piero 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBefore discussing the prospects for educating young people toward becoming global citizens, we must ask ourselves: is global citizenship reality or illusion? What can be stated is that plain citizenship itself can no longer be considered merely a legal or judicial question. Today, citizenship is only partially linked to rights and duties deriving from the recognition of an individual as belonging to a community (local, national or international). Future citizens of the digitally hyper-connected global village face two dangers: simulation of participation and the illusion of having a less asymmetrical relationship to power. The rules of engagement are not being written by legislators but by agencies producing and sharing knowledge; citizenship (global or otherwise) is intimately correlated with access to quality education. Three concepts form the basis for educating toward global citizenship: awareness that citizenship and education are inseparable, awareness that democracy and education are inseparable, and awareness that democracy is complexity.
A machine learning model for non-invasive detection of atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm
Authors: Rostam-Alilou Ali A. , Safari Marziyeh , Jarrah Hamid R. , Zolfagharian Ali , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Atherosclerosis plays a significant role in the initiation of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). Although the treatment options for this kind of vascular disease are developing, there are challenges and limitations in both selecting and applying sufficient medical solutions. For surgical interventions, that are novel therapies, non-invasive specific patient-based studies could lead to obtaining more promising results. Despite medical and pathological tests, these pre-surgical investigations require special biomedical and computer-aided engineering techniques. In this study, a machine learning (ML) model is proposed for the non-invasive detection of atherosclerotic CAA for the first time.

Methods
The database for study was collected from hemodynamic analysis and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 80 CAAs from 61 patients, approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The proposed ML model is formulated for learning by a one-class support vector machine (1SVM) that is a field of ML to provide techniques for outlier and anomaly detection.

Results
The applied ML algorithms yield reasonable results with high and significant accuracy in designing a procedure for the non-invasive diagnosis of atherosclerotic aneurysms. This proposed method could be employed as a unique artificial intelligence (AI) tool for assurance in clinical decision-making procedures for surgical intervention treatment methods in the future.

Conclusions
The non-invasive diagnosis of the atherosclerotic CAAs, which is one of the vital factors in the accomplishment of endovascular surgeries, is important due to some clinical decisions. Although there is no accurate tool for managing this kind of diagnosis, an ML model that can decrease the probability of endovascular surgical failures, death risk, and post-operational complications is proposed in this study. The model is able to increase the clinical decision accuracy for low-risk selection of treatment options.
Nozzle Designs in Powder-Based Direct Laser Deposition: A Review
Authors: Guner Ahmet , Bidare Prveen , Jiménez Amaia , Dimov Stefan , Essa Khamis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaser-based Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) is one of the most commonly employed metal additive manufacturing technologies. In L-DED, a laser beam is employed as a heat source to melt the metal powder that is deposited on a substrate layer by layer for the generation of a desired component. The powder is commonly fed through a nozzle into the molten pool by means of a carrier gas and therefore, a nozzle design that ensures optimal deposition of the material is of critical importance. Additionally, its design also affects the powder and gas flows that arise in the nozzle and during the deposition. This, in turn will affect the characteristics of the generated clad and the performance of the whole deposition. Therefore, an optimization of deposition nozzle geometry can be as important as the controlling of deposition process parameters in order to obtain best component qualities. In this context, the present review work is aimed at analysing the different nozzle designs employed in powder-based L-DED processes and the influence of different geometrical features and configurations on the resulting powder and gas flows. Concretely, the main characteristics of each design, their advantages and their possible shortcomings are analysed in detail. Additionally, a review of most relevant numerical models employed during the development of new and optimised nozzle designs are also addressed.
An evaluation of groundwater vulnerability assessment methods in a rapidly urbanizing city: evidence from Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Pouye Abdoulaye , Faye Seynabou Cissé , Diédhiou Mathias , Gaye Cheikh Becaye , Taylor Richard G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn rapidly growing cities in the tropics, unregulated urban development presents a major risk to groundwater quality. Here, we assess the vulnerability of an unconfined aquifer of Quaternary sands in the Thiaroye area of Dakar (Senegal) to contamination using four GIS-based indices (DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N, SINTACS, SI). Our correlation of assessed vulnerability to observed impact is semi-quantitative, relating observed groundwater quality, based on nitrate concentrations and tryptophan-like fluorescence to vulnerability degrees (i.e. coincidence rates). We show that considerably more of the Thiaroye area has a “very high vulnerability” according to SI (36%) relative to DRASTIC (5%) and SINTACS (9%); “high vulnerability” is estimated using DRASTIC_N (100%), DRASTIC (66%) and SINTACS (69%). Single-parameter sensitivity tests show that groundwater depth, soil, topography, land use and redox parameters strongly influence assessments of groundwater vulnerability. Correlation with observed nitrate concentrations reveals aquifer vulnerability is better represented by SI (coincidence rates of 56%) relative to DRASTIC_N (43%), SINTACS (38%) and DRASTIC (34%). The underestimation of groundwater vulnerability in Dakar using DRASTIC, DRASTIC_N and SINTACS is attributed to their reliance on an assumed capacity of the unsaturated zone to attenuate surface or near-surface contaminant loading, which in the low-income (Thiaroye) area of Dakar is thin and affords limited protection. The inclusion of a land-use parameter in SI improves the characterization of groundwater vulnerability in this low-income, rapidly urbanizing area of Dakar.
Unsupervised video object segmentation: an affinity and edge learning approach
Authors: Muthu Sundaram , Tennakoon Ruwan , Hoseinnezhad Reza , Bab-Hadiashar Alireza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach, called TMNet, to solve unsupervised video object segmentation (UVOS) problem. The UVOS is still a challenging problem as prior methods suffer from issues like generalization errors in unseen test videos, over reliance on optic flow, and capturing fine details at object boundaries. These issues make the UVOS an ill-defined problem, particularly in presence of multiple objects. Our focus is to constrain the problem and improve the segmentation results by fusion of multiple available cues such as appearance and motion, as well as image and flow edges. To constrain the problem, instead of predicting segmentation directly, we predict affinities between neighbouring pixels for being part of the same object and cluster those to obtain category agnostic segmentation. To further improve the segmentation, we fuse multiple-sources of information through a novel Temporal Motion Attention (TMA) module that uses neural attention to learn powerful spatio-temporal features. In addition, we also design an edge refinement module (using image and optic flow edges) to refine and improve the accuracy of object segmentation boundaries. The overall framework is capable of segmenting and finding accurate objects’ boundaries without any heuristic post processing. This enables the method to be used for unseen videos. Experimental results on challenging DAVIS16 and multi object DAVIS17 datasets show that our proposed TMNet performs favorably compared to the state-of-the-art methods without post processing.
Evolution of Melt Pool and Porosity During Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V Alloy: Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Ransenigo Chiara , Tocci Marialaura , Palo Filippo , Ginestra Paola , Ceretti Elisabetta , Gelfi Marcello , Pola Annalisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for metals. In this work, the discrete element method (DEM) was used to reproduce a powder bed of particles distributed in a random way to be as close as possible to reality. Single and multiple scan tracks simulations were performed for Ti6Al4V alloy using a commercial CFD software, FLOW-3D AM®. The output from the numerical simulations was elaborated to obtain shape and size of melt pools, morphology of scan track surfaces and porosity content. In particular, a specific model was used in order to predict air entrainment in the melt pool and, therefore, to estimate gas porosity content, as an innovative approach to predict such defects. Results from simulations were compared with experimental data from Ti6Al4V samples produced by L-PBF in terms of melt pools size and morphology, as well as density. The good agreement between calculated and experimental results indicates that simulation of L-PBF can represent a powerful tool not only for the optimization of process parameters, but also for the prediction of porosity level.
NATO defense demand, free riding, and the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022
Authors: George Justin , Sandler Todd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article applies the economic theory of alliances to uncover military expenditure burden sharing in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during 1991–2020, prior to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In so doing, our analysis accounts for the relative locations of NATO allies through various spatial or economic weights applied to the allies’ defense spending. Such weights include NATO membership status, contiguity, US power projection, inverse distance between members’ capitals, economic trade, and contiguity to Russia. In the post-Cold War era, we uncover allies’ free riding on the aggregate military expenditure of other allies. Free riding also included reliance on the defense spending of NATO allies in proximity to Russia. Surprisingly, NATO allies reduced their defense spending as Russia increased its defense spending. The pattern of free riding and lack of response to heightened Russian defense spending likely encouraged the Russian invasion as NATO appeared divided.
Guidelines to Foster Consumer Acceptance of Products Made from Recycled Plastics
Authors: Polyportis Athanasios , Magnier Lise , Mugge Ruth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe circular economy can reduce the environmental footprint of today’s consumption and close the resource loop through circular material flows. Companies are encouraged to follow circular principles, such as using more recycled plastic materials. This initiative seems promising; however, it will only be successful if consumers are willing to adopt products that are made from recycled plastics. Consumers often have a positive image of products made from recycled plastics; however, they are also concerned about the perceived product risks. How can companies increase the appeal of recycled plastics to consumers? In this paper, we propose a set of seven guidelines intended to highlight the value of products made from recycled plastics, tackle any perceived risks, and thereby enhance consumer acceptance of such products. Specifically, we highlight how aspects related to product design, marketing elements and business models, can increase consumer evaluations and adoption of products made from recycled plastics. The proposed guidelines provide future directions that could be inspiring for both academics and managers interested in the topics of consumer behaviour, circular economy, and sustainability.
Providing peer navigation services to women with a history of opioid misuse pre- and post-release from jail: A program description
Authors: Tillson Martha , Fallin-Bennett Amanda , Staton Michele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Justice system-involved women with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience layered health risks and stigma, yet peer navigation services during reentry may support positive outcomes. This manuscript offers a program description of a women’s peer navigation intervention delivered pre- and post-release from jail to remove barriers to women’s access to OUD treatment, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Methods:
All data were collected as part of a NIH/NIDA-funded national cooperative, the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) project. Through the larger study’s intervention, women in jail with OUD are connected via videoconference to a peer navigator, who provides an initial reentry recovery assessment and 12+ weeks of recovery support sessions post-release. Qualitative analyses examined peers’ notes from initial sessions with women (N = 50) and in-depth interviews with peers (N = 3).

Results:
Peers’ notes from initial sessions suggest that women anticipate challenges to successful recovery and community reentry. More than half of women (51.9%) chose OUD treatment as their primary goal, while others selected more basic needs (e.g. housing, transportation). In qualitative interviews, peers described women’s transitions to the community as unpredictable, creating difficulties for reentry planning, particularly for rural women. Peers also described challenges with stigma against MOUD and establishing relationships via telehealth, but ultimately believed their role was valuable in providing resource referrals, support, and hope for recovery.

Conclusions:
For women with OUD, peer navigation can offer critical linkages to services at release from jail, in addition to hope, encouragement, and solidarity. Findings provide important insights for future peer-based interventions.
The challenge of radical reform in pluralist democracies
Authors: Bagchi Aditi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMartijn Hesselink proposes a new European charter of private law that would correct the deficiencies in private law identified by Katharina Pistor. While Hesselink aims to achieve radical reform by way of radical democracy, this article argues that radical democracy is unlikely to realise a radically progressive vision of private law. Citizens of wealthy, post-industrial democracies lack certainty about both the material consequences of reform and the demands of justice. Because their caution renders them averse to far-reaching, bundled reform packages, public discourse in post-industrial societies as we find them is more likely to produce incremental than radical substantive reform.
Double Shine: Hegel's Logical Theory of Concept
Authors: Xiong Zhili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current debate surrounding Hegel's logical theory of the concept revolves around Hegel's concept of ‘double shine’. After presenting the relevant positions of the discussants and elucidating their differences, the author tries to advance the current discussion by commenting on these differences. In doing so, the author argues that the essence- and concept-logical background of ‘shine’ and ‘double shine’ respectively is crucial for the understanding of the double shine.
Filling the early Eocene gap of paguroids (Decapoda, Anomura): a new highly diversified fauna from the Spanish Pyrenees (Serraduy Formation, Graus-Tremp Basin)
Authors: Ferratges Fernando A. , Artal Pedro , van Bakel Barry W.M. , Zamora Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA highly diversified fauna of hermit crabs associated with reef environments from the Serraduy Formation (lower Eocene) in the southern Pyrenees (Huesca, Spain) is described. Other European Eocene outcrops have yielded paguroids associated with a single environment; however, the studied association represents one of the highest paguroid diversities in a single Eocene outcrop worldwide. The new material increases the diversity of known fossil paguroids, including eight species from which six are new:Clibanarius isabenaensisn. sp.,Parapetrochirus serratusn. sp.,Dardanus balaitusn. sp., ?Petrochirussp.,Eocalcinus veterisn. sp., ?Pagurussp.,Paguristes perlatusn. sp., andAnisopagurus primigeniusn. sp. We erected a new combination forPaguristes sossanensisDe Angeli and Caporiondo, 2009 andPaguristes cecconiDe Angeli and Caporiondo, 2017 and transfer them to the genusClibanarius. This association contains the oldest record of the generaEocalcinusandAnisopagurus. Our data demonstrate that paguroids were diverse by the early Eocene in coral-reef environments and fill an important gap between the poorly known Paleocene assemblages and the more diverse mid- to late Eocene ones.UUID:http://zoobank.org/091f7a79-946c-4cd9-bdad-f727695e8503
Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the diet, body weight and food security status of students of higher education: a systematic review
Authors: Jehi Tony , Khan Raihan , Halawani Reham , Dos Santos Hildemar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students’ lifestyles and placed them at a greater risk of obesity and food insecurity. The purpose of the systematic review was to consolidate evidence for the effect of Covid-19 on students’ dietary quality, dietary habits, body weight and food security status. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilising various databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Embase and Scopus to identify relevant studies. To be incorporated in this review, studies had to include higher education students, measure the prevalence of food insecurity and assess the dietary and body weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The studies showed that the diet quality of college students was compromised during the pandemic in many nations due to the decrease in the intake of whole grains, dairy products, legumes, nuts, fruits and vegetables and the increase in consumption of alcohol, confectionery products and refined grains. There was an increase in the frequency of cooking, binge eating, breakfast skipping and unhealthy snacking. These modifications, in return, were associated with body weight changes, with no less than 20 to 30 % of students gaining weight during the pandemic. The pandemic also impacted food security status of students, with over 30% being food insecure worldwide. The COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated the students’ diet quality and dietary habits and placed them under high risk of weight gain and food insecurity. Higher education institutions and governments should improve students’ access to nutritious foods and incorporate nutrition education interventions in the curricula.
ASSPLAY IN ASINARIA
Authors: Gellar-Goad T.H.M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis note argues that repeated uses of onus ‘burden’ in Plaut. Asin. 591–745 pun on Greek ὄνος ‘ass’ and, in so doing, activate a network of other puns and hints at the play's title, asses (the animal), and both homoerotic and anal sex.
Changing Svalbard: Tracing interrelated socio-economic and environmental change in remote Arctic settlements
Authors: Sokolickova Zdenka , Meyer Alexandra , Vlakhov Andrian Viktorovich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The archipelago of Svalbard is a good example of an Arctic locale undergoing rapid changes on multiple levels. This contribution is a joint effort of three anthropologists with up-to-date ethnographic data from Svalbard (mostly Longyearbyen and Barentsburg) to frame and interpret interconnected changes. The processes impacting Svalbard are related to issues such as geopolitical interests, and increasing pressure by the Norwegian government to exercise presence and control over the territory. Our interpretations are based on a bottom-up approach, drawing on experiences living in the field. We identify three great ruptures in recent years – the avalanche of 2015, the gradual phasing out of mining enterprises and the COVID-19 pandemic – and show how they further impact, accelerate or highlight preexisting vulnerabilities in terms of socio-economic development, and environmental and climate change. We discuss the shift from coal mining to the industries of tourism, education, and research and development, and the resulting changed social and demographic structure of the settlements. Another facet is the complexity of environmental drivers of change and how they relate to the socio-economic ones. This article serves as an introductory text to the collection of articles published in Polar Record in 2021/2022 with the overarching theme “changing Svalbard”. Issues discussed range from socio-economic change and its implications for local populations including identity of place, through tourism (value creation, mediation, human–environment relations, environmental dilemmas, balancing contradictory trends), to security and risk perception, and environmental and climate change issues.