bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time dependent analysis of rat microglial surface markers in traumatic brain injury reveals dynamics of distinct cell subpopulations
Authors: Gottlieb Assaf , Toledano-Furman Naama , Prabhakara Karthik S. , Kumar Akshita , Caplan Henry W. , Bedi Supinder , Cox Charles S. , Olson Scott D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a cascade of cellular responses, which produce neuroinflammation, partly due to the activation of microglia. Accurate identification of microglial populations is key to understanding therapeutic approaches that modify microglial responses to TBI and improve long-term outcome measures. Notably, previous studies often utilized an outdated convention to describe microglial phenotypes. We conducted a temporal analysis of the response to controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rat microglia between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres across seven time points, identified microglia through expression of activation markers including CD45, CD11b/c, and p2y12 receptor and evaluated their activation state using additional markers of CD32, CD86, RT1B, CD200R, and CD163. We identified unique sub-populations of microglial cells that express individual or combination of activation markers across time points. We further portrayed how the size of these sub-populations changes through time, corresponding to stages in TBI response. We described longitudinal changes in microglial population after CCI in two different locations using activation markers, showing clear separation into cellular sub-populations that feature different temporal patterns of markers after injury. These changes may aid in understanding the symptomatic progression following TBI and help define microglial subpopulations beyond the outdated M1/M2 paradigm.
Mechanical and thermal characterizations of nanoporous two-dimensional boron nitride membranes
Authors: Pham Van-Trung , Fang Te-Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a promising 2D material due to its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. In the present study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of porosity and temperature on the mechanical characteristics of h-BN based on uniaxial and biaxial tensions. Meanwhile, the progression of the microstructure of h-BN up to fracture is studied in order to clarify its fractures mechanism during the tension process. Our results reveal that depending on the porosity and tensile direction, the phase transition occurs more or less. The strength, and Young's modulus of h-BN membranes reduce as increasing porosity. Due to the presence of the pores, the most substantial stresses will be centred around the pores site in the tensile test. Then the fracture starts on the pore edge and spreads preferentially along the zigzag direction of h-BN. Furthermore, fracture strain, strength, and Young's modulus decrease when the temperature rises. In addition, the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations are performed to investigate the influence of various porosities and temperatures on the thermal conductivity of h-BN membranes. The results reveal that the thermal conductivity is greatly reduced by nanoporous. The higher the porosity, the lower the thermal conductivity. The vibration density of states of h-BN membranes is calculated; the result suggests that the defects might reduce the phonon mean free path because of the high collision of the phonons. These alterations represent the scattering influence of defects on phonons, which reduces phonon life and considerably lowers thermal conductivity. Moreover, the findings also proved that as temperature increases, the intrinsic thermal conductivity of h-BN decreases. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the pristine h-BN thin film are interestingly equivalent in the zigzag and armchair orientations.
Investigating role of abiotic side and finding optimum abiotic condition for improving gas biodesulfurization using Thioalkalivibrio versutus
Authors: Peighami Reza , Motamedian Ehsan , Rasekh Behnam , Yazdian Fatemeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a super toxic substance that produces SOx gases when combusted. Therefore, it should be removed from gas streams. Biodesulfurization is one of the developing methods for removing sulfide. Gas biodesulfurization must be accelerated to be competitive with chemical processes. This process has two sides: biotic and abiotic sides. To increase the rate of sulfide removal, this substance should be given to the bacteria in the maximum amount (Max. − RHS B). Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the rate of adverse abiotic reactions of sulfide (Min. − RHS A). Minimizing the sulfide reaction with biosulfur and oxygen and thiosulfate generation (Min. − RHS thio2) was assessed in de-microbized medium. It was concluded that the pH should be kept as low as possible. The kinetics of thiosulfate formation from sulfide oxidation (− RHS thio1) are strongly dependent on the sulfide concentration, and to minimize this reaction rate, sulfide should be gently injected into the culture. To minimize sulfide reduction to hydrogen sulfide (Min. − RHS rev), the pH should be kept as high as possible. Using the Design Expert v.13, a model was driven for the abiotic side to obtain optimum condition. The pH value was found to be 8.2 and the sulfide concentration to 2.5E−05 M. Thioalkalivibrio versutus cultivation under identified abiotic conditions resulted in biological removal of sulfide up to 1.5 g/h. The culture was not able to remove 2 g/h input sulfide, and to increase this, the biotic side should be studied.
Wrinkle force microscopy: a machine learning based approach to predict cell mechanics from images
Authors: Li Honghan , Matsunaga Daiki , Matsui Tsubasa S. , Aosaki Hiroki , Kinoshita Genki , Inoue Koki , Doostmohammadi Amin , Deguchi Shinji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombining experiments with artificial intelligence algorithms, we propose a machine learning based approach called wrinkle force microscopy (WFM) to extract the cellular force distributions from the microscope images. The full process can be divided into three steps. First, we culture the cells on a special substrate allowing to measure both the cellular traction force on the substrate and the corresponding substrate wrinkles simultaneously. The cellular forces are obtained using the traction force microscopy (TFM), at the same time that cell-generated contractile forces wrinkle their underlying substrate. Second, the wrinkle positions are extracted from the microscope images. Third, we train the machine learning system with GAN (generative adversarial network) by using sets of corresponding two images, the traction field and the input images (raw microscope images or extracted wrinkle images), as the training data. The network understands the way to convert the input images of the substrate wrinkles to the traction distribution from the training. After sufficient training, the network is utilized to predict the cellular forces just from the input images. Our system provides a powerful tool to evaluate the cellular forces efficiently because the forces can be predicted just by observing the cells under the microscope, which is much simpler method compared to the TFM experiment. Additionally, the machine learning based approach presented here has the profound potential for being applied to diverse cellular assays for studying mechanobiology of cells.
Spontaneous self-propulsion and nonequilibrium shape fluctuations of a droplet enclosing active particles
Authors: Kokot Gašper , Faizi Hammad A. , Pradillo Gerardo E. , Snezhko Alexey , Vlahovska Petia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActive particles, such as swimming bacteria or self-propelled colloids, spontaneously assemble into large-scale dynamic structures. Geometric boundaries often enforce different spatio-temporal patterns compared to unconfined environment and thus provide a platform to control the behavior of active matter. Here, we report collective dynamics of active particles enclosed by soft, deformable boundary, that is responsive to the particles’ activity. We reveal that a quasi two-dimensional fluid droplet enclosing motile colloids powered by the Quincke effect (Quincke rollers) exhibits strong shape fluctuations with a power spectrum consistent with active fluctuations driven by particle-interface collisions. A broken detailed balance confirms the nonequilibrium nature of the shape dynamics. We further find that rollers self-organize into a single drop-spanning vortex, which can undergo a spontaneous symmetry breaking and vortex splitting. The droplet acquires motility while the vortex doublet exists. Our findings provide insights into the complex collective behavior of active colloidal suspensions in soft confinement.
TheGaia-ESO Survey: Chemical tagging in the thin disk
Authors: Spina L. , Magrini L. , Sacco G. G. , Casali G. , Vallenari A. , Tautvaišienė G. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Feltzing S. , Jeffries R. D. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , Smiljanic R. , Carraro G. , Morbidelli L. , Zaggia S. 
Published: April 2022

Context.The chemical makeup of a star provides the fossil information of the environment where it formed. Under this premise, it should be possible to use chemical abundances to tag stars that formed within the same stellar association. This idea – known as chemical tagging – has not produced the expected results, especially within the thin disk where open stellar clusters have chemical patterns that are difficult to disentangle.Aims.The ultimate goal of this study is to probe the feasibility of chemical tagging within the thin disk population using high-quality data from a controlled sample of stars. We also aim at improving the existing techniques of chemical tagging and giving some kind of guidance on different strategies of clustering analysis in the elemental abundance space.Methods.Here we develop the first blind search of open clusters’ members through clustering analysis in the elemental abundance space using the OPTICS algorithm applied to data from theGaia-ESO survey. First, we evaluate different strategies of analysis (e.g., choice of the algorithm, data preprocessing techniques, metric, space of data clustering), determining which ones are more performing. Second, we apply these methods to a data set including both field stars and open clusters attempting a blind recover of as many open clusters as possible.Results.We show how specific strategies of data analysis can improve the final results. Specifically, we demonstrate that open clusters can be more efficaciously recovered with the Manhattan metric and on a space whose dimensions are carefully selected. Using these (and other) prescriptions we are able to recover open clusters hidden in our data set and find new members of these stellar associations (i.e., escapers, binaries).Conclusions.Our results indicate that there are chances of recovering open clusters’ members via clustering analysis in the elemental abundance space, albeit in a data set that has a very high fraction of cluster members compared to an average field star sample. Presumably, the performances of chemical tagging will further increase with higher quality data and more sophisticated clustering algorithms, which will likely became available in the near future.
Pitfalls preventing bone union with EXOGEN Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound
Authors: Hughes Luke D. , Khudr Jamal , Gee Edward , Pillai Anand 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of EXOGEN in achieving union and common pitfalls in its use within the Manchester Foundation Trust (MFT) and Salford Royal Foundation Trust (SRFT). Method: Patients receiving EXOGEN therapy between 01/01/2017 and 31/12/2019 at hospitals within MFT and SRFT were identified using EXOGEN logbooks and hospital IT systems. An equal number of patients were included from both sites. Data were retrospectively collected from clinical documents detailing clinical presentation comorbidities, and radiographic images, determining the radiological union post EXOGEN therapy. In addition, local practices were observed and compared to EXOGEN’s standardized guidance for clinicians. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the primary review, with 9 subsequently excluded based on insufficient clinical data. 47% of patients achieved radiological union following completion of EXOGEN therapy. Outcomes of the 23 patients with persistent non-union were as follows – 18 were referred for revision surgery, 5 were prescribed further EXOGEN therapy, 2 refused or were unfit for further intervention, and 1 did not have a plan documented. No significant baseline differences were present in both outcome groups. However, at MFT and SRFT, rates of union with EXOGEN are below that previously published in the literature. Conclusion: EXOGEN has proven successful in facilitating union in established cases of non-union without the risk and cost associated with revision surgery. Centre outcome differences may be explained by failure to educate clinicians and patients on the correct use of the EXOGEN device, failure to standardize follow-up or monitor compliance, and must be addressed to improve current services.
Does ERCP position matter? A randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy and complications of left lateral versus prone position (POSITION study)
Authors: Varma Poornima , Ket Shara , Paul Eldho , Barnes Malcolm , Devonshire David A. , Croagh Daniel , Swan Michael P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is traditionally performed with patients in the prone position (PP). However, this poses a potentially increased risk of anesthetic complications. An alternative is the left lateral (LL) decubitus position, which is commonly used for endoscopic procedures. Our aim was to compare cannulation rate, time, and outcomes in ERCP performed in LL versus PP.
Patients and methods We conducted a non-inferiority, prospective, randomized control trial with 1:1 randomization to either LL or PP position. Patients > 18 years of age with native papillae requiring a therapeutic ERCP were recruited between March 2017 and November 2018 in a single tertiary center.
Results A total of 253 patients were randomized; 132 to LL (52.2 %) and 121 to PP (47.8 %). Cannulation rates were 97.0 % in LL vs 99.2 % in PP (difference –2.2 % (one-sided 95 % CI: –5 % to 0.6 %). Median time to biliary cannulation was 03:50 minutes in LL vs 02:57 minutes in PP (P = 0.62). Pancreatitis rates were 2.3 % in LL vs 5.8 % in PP (P = 0.20). There were significantly lower radiation doses used in PP (0.23 mGy/m2 in LL vs 0.16 mGy/m2 in PP, P = 0.008) without a difference in fluoroscopy times.
Conclusions Our analysis comparing LL to PP during ERCP shows comparable procedural and anesthetic outcomes, with significantly lower radiation exposure when performed in PP. We conclude that ERCP undertaken in the LL position is not inferior to PP, except for higher radiation exposure, and should be considered as a safe alternate position for patients undergoing ERCP.
Überprüfung der Radionuklidreinheit in ausgewählten Radiotherapeutika
Authors: Freudenberg Robert , Hesse Lorenz , Kotzerke Jörg 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Im Zuge der Novellierung des Strahlenschutzrechts kam es zu einer Aktualisierung von Grenzwerten, welche Auswirkungen auf die uneingeschränkte Freigabe von Reststoffen nach nuklearmedizinischer Therapie haben können. Zudem gab es in der Vergangenheit Hinweise auf langlebige Begleitnuklide in 153Sm- und 223Ra-Präparaten. Aus diesem Grund war das Ziel dieser Arbeit, eine Analyse der Radionuklidreinheit von ausgewählten Therapiepräparaten durchzuführen.
Methode Es wurden 48 Proben von insgesamt 12 verschiedenen Therapiepräparaten untersucht. Die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung der Begleitnuklide wurde an einem Halbleiterdetektor aus hochreinem Germanium (HPGe-Detektor) durchgeführt.
Ergebnis In 90Y-Citrat, 153Sm-Quadramet, 166Ho-QuiremSpheres und 169Er-Erbiumcitrat ließen sich verschiedene Europium-Isotope nachweisen, wobei der größte Anteil mit 7,0 ppm (152Eu), 8,4 ppm (154Eu) und 2,1 ppm (155Eu) in 153Sm gefunden wurde. Als deutliches Begleitnuklid in 169Er zeigte sich 169Yb (513 ppm). Im Falle von 177Lu-Präparaten zeigte sich ein deutlicher Unterschied im Gehalt von 177mLu (0,8 ppm vs. 0,0024 ppm) für zwei Hersteller. Innerhalb der Nachweisgrenzen konnten keine Begleitnuklide bei 90Y-Sphären, 223Ra und 225Ac gefunden werden.
Schlussfolgerung Für die gefundenen Begleitnuklide resultiert vielfach eine Überschreitung der Grenzwerte für die uneingeschränkte Freigabe. Das hat zur Folge, das alternative Freigabeverfahren (Verlängerung der Abklingdauer, spezifische Freigabe, Freigabe im Einzelfall) oder eine Abgabe an Landessammelstellen in Erwägung gezogen werden müssen. Zusätzlich sind technische Verfahren zur Reduktion oder Vermeidung von Begleitnukliden ein möglicher Lösungsansatz. Konsequenzen für die Strahlenexposition des Patienten konnten ausgeschlossen werden.
Long-Term Outcomes of Excimer Laser-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty Using a Commercially Available Laser System – A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Daniel Moritz Claudius , Jiang Jana , Lang Stefan J. , Lapp Thabo , Gross Nikolai , Wacker Katrin , Böhringer Daniel , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Favorable functional outcomes have been reported after excimer laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (EXL PKP). But this technique has not been widely adopted, and there
are reports on EXL PKP from only a very limited number of institutions. Some of these results refer to operations carried out with laser systems that are not commercially available. In this
retrospective case series, we report the long-term outcome of EXL PKP using the Schwind Amaris 500E laser system.
Material and Methods This retrospective consecutive case series included 30 eyes of 29 patients who had undergone EXL PKP between 2010 and 2013. Primary outcome measures were
topographic astigmatism and visual acuity. Secondary outcome measures were the rates of graft rejection and graft failure, and the rate of grafts with an endothelial cell density below 500
cells/mm2. Survival analyses were carried out for the following endpoints: visual acuity, rate of graft rejection, and rate of grafts with endothelial cell densities higher than
500 cells/mm2.
Results The median interquartile range (IQR) duration of follow-up was 45 (36) months. The indications for PKP were keratoconus (n = 21), corneal scarring (n = 6), Fuchs endothelial
dystrophy (n = 1), and corneal dystrophy other than Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (n = 2). The median (IQR) topographic astigmatism at the end of the follow-up period was 5.3 (2.9) D.
Forty-five months after surgery, 73% of all eyes had a visual acuity better than 0.3 LogMAR. The rate of graft rejection after 45 months of follow-up was 32%. All eyes maintained endothelial
cell densities higher than 500 cells/mm2. There was no graft failure.
Conclusions EXL PKP is a safe and effective surgical procedure. No general conclusions can be drawn on the refractive outcome of EXL PKP. Potential advantages, such as a higher
degree of graft-host congruity, that could possibly improve the refractive outcome should be weighed against the higher costs of EXL PKP.
Caveolins: Expression of Regulating Systemic Physiological Functions
in Various Predicaments
Authors: Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Srivastav Ritesh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCaveolins are membrane proteins which contains caveolae. They are present in the
plasma membrane. Many researchers found that caveolae have been associated with
expression of the caveolins in major physiological networks of mammalian cells.
Subtypes of caveolin including caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 have been found in
micro arteries of rat brain, while caveolin-3 has been found in astrocytes.
Caveolin-1 and caveolae play important roles in Alzheimer’s disease,
cancer, ischemic preconditioning-mediated cardio-protection, postmenopausal
alterations in women, and age-related neurodegeneration. Caveolin-1 may modify
fatty acid transmembrane flux in adipocytes. The discovery of a link between
ischemia preconditioning, cardio-protection, and endothelial nitric oxide
synthase has supported cardiovascular research tremendously. Therefore,
caveolins are effective in regulation of cellular, cardiovascular, brain, and
immune processes. They ascertain new signalling pathways and link the
functionalities of these pathways. This review paper focuses on contribution of
caveolins in various conditions, caveolin expression at the molecular level and
their physiological effects in many organ systems.
Veränderung von Teilaspekten der sehbezogenen Lebensqualität nach 3-monatiger Verwendung einer App zur Kategorisierung von Metamorphopsien
Authors: Claessens Daniela , Krüger Ronald V. , Grötzinger Lilly 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Verzerrtes Sehen (Metamorphopsie) ist ein Leitsymptom bei Netzhauterkrankungen und kann mit der App MacuFix kategorisiert werden. Die App zeigt auf einem Bildschirm
wiederholt Szenen, die aus 4 quadratischen Feldern mit einem Gittermuster aus horizontalen und vertikalen weißen Linien auf schwarzem Hintergrund bestehen. Eines der 4 Felder unterscheidet
sich durch stärker verzerrte Linien von den übrigen 3 Feldern und soll bei monokularer Betrachtung ausgewählt werden. Diese Auswahl wird wiederholt getroffen, bis ein Algorithmus den
kleinsten vom Auge korrekt detektierten Verzerrungsunterschied ermittelt hat. In dieser prospektiven, kontrollierten Pilotstudie wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss der Einsatz der App
MacuFix im Vergleich zur Anwendung des Amsler-Gitters auf die sehbezogene Lebensqualität hatte.
Patienten/Material und Methoden 45 Patienten, bei denen ein- oder beidseits Metamorphopsien bestanden, wurden für die Studie rekrutiert. Die sehbezogene Lebensqualität vor und nach
einer 3-monatigen optionalen Anwendung der App MacuFix als Heimtest bzw. des Amsler-Gitters wurde durch Anwendung des Fragebogens National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25
verglichen.
Ergebnisse 45 Teilnehmer (18 Frauen, 27 Männer) waren im Durchschnitt 68 Jahre alt (SD ± 9,7) und hatten eine mittlere bestkorrigierte Sehschärfe von 0,6 (SD ± 0,25). Von 90 Augen
wiesen 18 keine Makulopathie auf. Eine altersbedingte Makuladegeneration bestand in 52 Augen, eine epiretinale Gliose in 6, ein Makulaforamen in 1 Auge. Ein Makulaödem lag bei 2 Augen
aufgrund von Diabetes, bei 4 Augen aufgrund von Uveitis, bei 1 Auge nach retinaler Venenthrombose, bei 4 Augen aufgrund eines Irvine-Gass-Syndroms und bei 2 Augen aufgrund einer Retinopathia
centralis serosa vor. Nach 3 Monaten nutzten 35 Personen die App als Heimtest, 8 Personen setzten das Amsler-Gitter ein und 2 verwendeten keinen Test. Die App-Nutzer zeigten eine
hochsignifikante Verbesserung der sehbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Fragen zur psychischen Gesundheit und zu Sorgen um die Sehkraft sowie eine signifikante Verbesserung in Bezug auf Leistung,
Niedergeschlagenheit, Kontrolle und peinliche Situationen.
Schlussfolgerung Der Einsatz der App MacuFix kann möglicherweise Teilaspekte der sehbezogenen Lebensqualität verbessern.