bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of harmful traditional practices during pregnancy and associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaye Melkamsew , Solomon Nahom , Getachew Dawit , Biru Yemisrach Belete 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of harmful traditional practices during pregnancy and associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingSouthwest Ethiopia.Participants667 women who were pregnant at the time of the study or gave birth 2 years prior to the study have participated.Outcome of the studyHarmful traditional practices during pregnancy (yes/no). Harmful traditional practices during pregnancy include abdominal massage, herbal intake or food taboos done on/by pregnant women without health professionals’ instruction.ResultsThe prevalence of harmful traditional practices in the study area was 37%, 95% CI (33.4% to 40.8%). The most commonly practised activities were abdominal massage (72.9%), intake of herbs (63.9%) and food taboos (48.6%). Monthly income (AOR=3.13, 95% CI (1.83 to 5.37), p<0.001), having had no history of child death (AOR=2.74, 95% CI (1.75 to 4.29), p<0.001), women with no formal education (AOR=4.81, 95% CI (2.50 to 9.23), p<0.001), women who had antenatal care (ANC) visits during their last pregnancy (AOR=0.24, 95% CI (0.10 to 0.59), p=0.002) and being multipara (AOR=0.47, 95% CI (0.27 to 0.80), p=0.003) were significantly associated with harmful traditional practices during pregnancy.ConclusionOur study showed that more than one-third of women in Southwest Ethiopia practised harmful traditional practices while they were pregnant. The practices were more common among primiparas, women who had lower educational and financial status, women with no ANC visits, and women with no history of child death. Health education should be given to the community about the complications of harmful traditional practices during pregnancy.
Opioid PrEscRiptions and usage After Surgery (OPERAS): protocol for a prospective multicentre observational cohort study of opioid use after surgery
Authors:   TASMAN Collaborative
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPostoperative pain is common and frequently addressed through opioid analgesia. This practice must balance the benefits of achieving adequate pain relief against the harms of adverse effects such as opioid-induced ventilatory impairment and opioid use disorder. This student and trainee-led collaborative study aims to investigate and compare the prescription versus consumption of opioids at 7 days postdischarge after common surgical procedures and their impact on patient-reported outcomes regarding postoperative pain.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multicentre observational cohort study of surgical patients in Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand and select international sites, conducted by networks of students, trainees and consultants. Consecutive adult patients undergoing common elective and emergency general, orthopaedic, gynaecological and urological surgical procedures are eligible for inclusion, with follow-up 7 days after hospital discharge. The primary outcome will be the proportion of prescribed opioids consumed by patients at 7 days postdischarge. Secondary outcomes will include patient-reported quality of life and satisfaction scores, rate of non-opioid analgesic use, rate of continuing use of opioids at follow-up, rates of opioid prescription from other sources and hospital readmissions at 7 days postdischarge for opioid related side-effects or surgery-related pain. Descriptive and multivariate analyses will be conducted to investigate factors associated with opioid requirements and prescription-consumption discrepancies.Ethics and disseminationOPERAS has been approved in Australia by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol 2021/ETH11508) and by the Southern Health and Disability Ethics Committee (2021 EXP 11199) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Results will be submitted for conference presentation and peer-reviewed publication. Centre-level data will be distributed to participating sites for internal audit.Trial registration numberANZCTR (ID: ACTRN12621001451897p)
Investigating the association between IL-6 antagonist therapy and blood coagulation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre study
Authors: Kovács Emőke Henrietta , Rottler Máté , Dembrovszky Fanni , Ocskay Klementina , Szabó László , Hegyi Péter , Molnár Zsolt , Tánczos Krisztián 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHypercoagulation is one the main features of COVID-19. It is induced by the hyperinflammatory response that shifts the balance of haemostasis towards pro-coagulation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy has been recommended in certain subgroups of critically ill patients with COVID-19 to modulate inflammatory response. The interaction between immune response and haemostasis is well recognised. Therefore, our objective is to evaluate whether the modulation of the inflammatory response by IL-6 antagonist inflicts any changes in whole blood coagulation as assessed by viscoelastic methods in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Methods and analysisIn this prospective observational study, we are going to collect data on inflammatory parameters and blood coagulation using the ClotPro®device. The primary outcome is the change of the fibrinolytic system measured by the Lysis Time and Lysis onset time before and after immunomodulation therapy. Data will be collected before the IL-6 antagonist administration at baseline (T0) then after 24, 48 hours, then on day 5 and 7 (T1-4, respectively). Secondary outcomes include changes in other parameters related to inflammation, blood coagulation and biomarkers of endothelial injury.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was given by the Medical Research Council of Hungary (1405-3/2022/EÜG). All participants provided written consent. The results of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05218369; Clinicaltrials.gov.
MPrEP+ study protocol: a prospective cohort study assessing the feasibility and acceptability of an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategy for male clients of female sex workers in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Mantell Joanne , Franks Julie , Zerbe Allison , Lamb Matthew R , Reed Domonique M , Omollo Dan , Lahuerta Maria , Naitore Doris , El-Sadr Wafaa M , Agot Kawango 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionMale clients (MCs) are integral to sex work-driven HIV transmission dynamics as sexual partners of female sex worker (FSW). MCs contribute disproportionately to incident HIV globally and in sub-Saharan Africa, with 27% of new infections attributed to MCs of FSW and other partners of key populations. Gaps in coverage of HIV testing and prevention services for men, including MCs, are well-documented, yet research and innovative interventions to improve MC uptake of effective prevention services, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), are scarce.Methods and analysisMPrEP+ is a cohort study designed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a PrEP-focused HIV prevention strategy providing daily oral tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in combination with three adherence self-management interventions: (1) use of a validated point-of-care urine drug-level assay with real-time feedback and tailored self-management counselling; (2) frequent HIV self-testing; and (3) weekly one-way text messaging. This package of interventions is being delivered to 120 MCs enrolled in the study in Kisumu, Kenya over a 6-month period. The primary outcome is PrEP adherence at 6 months as measured by PrEP drug levels. Bivariate and multivariable regression models will be used to identify predictors of PrEP adherence. We will also explore associations of sociodemographic characteristics and PrEP beliefs with PrEP adherence.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Columbia University Irving Medical Center Institutional Review Board and the Maseno University Ethical Review Committee. Study enrolment was initiated in November 2021 with participant follow-up planned through August 2022. Study results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Summaries and infographics of study findings will be developed and distributed to MC, FSW and stakeholders working in HIV prevention and support for people who sell and buy sex, including Kenya’s Ministry of Health.Trial registration numberNCT04898699; Registered on 24 May 2021.
How are declarations of interest working? A cross-sectional study in declarations of interest in healthcare practice in Scotland and England in 2020/2021
Authors: McCartney Margaret , Bergeron Hartman Raphaella , Feldman Harriet , MacDonald Ronald , Sullivan Frank , Heneghan C , McCutcheon Calum 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo understand arrangements for healthcare organisations’ declarations of staff interest in Scotland and England in the context of current recommendations.DesignCross-sectional study of a random selection of National Health Service (NHS) hospital registers of interest by two independent observers in England, all NHS Boards in Scotland and a random selection of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England.SettingNHS Trusts in England (NHSE), NHS Boards in Scotland, CCGs in England, and private healthcare organisations.ParticipantsRegisters of declarations of interest published in a random sample of 67 of 217 NHS Trusts, a random sample of 15 CCGs of in England, registers held by all 14 NHS Scotland Boards and a purposeful selection of private hospitals/clinics in the UK.Main outcome measuresAdherence to NHSE guidelines on declarations of interests, and comparison in Scotland.Results76% of registers published by Trusts did not routinely include all declaration of interest categories recommended by NHS England. In NHS Scotland only 14% of Boards published staff registers of interest. Of these employee registers (most obtained under Freedom of Information), 27% contained substantial retractions. In England, 96% of CCGs published a Gifts and Hospitality register, with 67% of CCG staff declaration templates and 53% of governor registers containing full standard NHS England declaration categories. Single organisations often held multiple registers lacking enough information to interpret them. Only 35% of NHS Trust registers were organised to enable searching. None of the private sector organisations studied published a comparable declarations of interest register.ConclusionDespite efforts, the current system of declarations frequently lacks ability to meaningfully obtain complete healthcare professionals’ declaration of interests.
Patient experiences of codesigned rehabilitation interventions in hospitals: a rapid review
Authors: McKercher Jonathan P , Slade Susan C , Jazayeri Jalal A , Hodge Anita , Knight Matthew , Green Janet , Woods Jeffrey , Thwaites Claire , Morris Meg E 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCodesign strengthens partnerships between healthcare workers and patients. It also facilitates collaborations supporting the development, design and delivery of healthcare services. Prior rehabilitation reviews have focused mainly on the clinical and organisational outcomes of codesign with less focus on the lived experience of rehabilitation patients.ObjectiveTo explore patient experiences of codesigned hospital rehabilitation interventions.DesignRapid review and evidence synthesis of the literature.Data sourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane were searched from 1 January 2000 to 25 April 2022.Study selectionStudies reporting patient experiences of codesigned rehabilitation interventions in hospitals.Results4156 studies were screened, and 38 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Seven studies were included in the final rapid review. Five out of the seven studies involved neurological rehabilitation. All eligible studies used qualitative research methods. The main barriers to codesign were related to staffing and dedicated time allocated to face-to-face patient-therapist interactions. High-quality relationships between patients and their therapists were a facilitator of codesign. Thematic synthesis revealed that codesigned rehabilitation interventions can enable a meaningful experience for patients and facilitate tailoring of treatments to align with individual needs. Personalised rehabilitation increases patient involvement in rehabilitation planning, delivery and decision-making. It also promotes positive feelings of empowerment and hope.ConclusionThis rapid review supports the implementation of codesigned rehabilitation interventions to improve patient experiences in hospitals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021264547.
Assessing the development status of intraoperative fluorescence imaging for anatomy visualisation, using the IDEAL framework
Authors: Ishizawa Takeaki , McCulloch Peter , Stassen Laurents , van den Bos Jacqueline , Regimbeau Jean-Marc , Dembinski Jeanne , Schneider-Koriath Sylke , Boni Luigi , Aoki Takeshi , Nishino Hiroto , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sekine Yasuo , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi , Yeung Trevor , Berber Eren , Kahramangil Bora , Bouvet Michael , Diana Michele , Kokudo Norihiro , Dip Fernando , White Kevin , Rosenthal Raul J 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIntraoperative fluorescence imaging is currently used in a variety of surgical fields for four main purposes: visualising anatomy, assessing tissue perfusion, identifying/localising cancer and mapping lymphatic systems. To establish evidence-based guidance for research and practice, understanding the state of research on fluorescence imaging in different surgical fields is needed. We evaluated the evidence on fluorescence imaging used to visualise anatomical structures using the IDEAL framework, a framework designed to describe the stages of innovation in surgery and other interventional procedures.DesignIDEAL staging based on a thorough literature review.SettingAll publications on intraoperative fluorescence imaging for visualising anatomical structures reported in PubMed through 2020 were identified for five surgical procedures: cholangiography, hepatic segmentation, lung segmentation, ureterography and parathyroid identification.Main outcome measuresThe IDEAL stage of research evidence was determined for each of the five procedures using a previously described approach.Results225 articles (8427 cases) were selected for analysis. Current status of research evidence on fluorescence imaging was rated IDEAL stage 2a for ureterography and lung segmentation, IDEAL 2b for hepatic segmentation and IDEAL stage 3 for cholangiography and parathyroid identification. Enhanced tissue identification rates using fluorescence imaging relative to conventional white-light imaging have been documented for all five procedures by comparative studies including randomised controlled trials for cholangiography and parathyroid identification. Advantages of anatomy visualisation with fluorescence imaging for improving short-term and long-term postoperative outcomes also were demonstrated, especially for hepatobiliary surgery and (para)thyroidectomy. No adverse reactions associated with fluorescent agents were reported.ConclusionsIntraoperative fluorescence imaging can be used safely to enhance the identification of anatomical structures, which may lead to improved postoperative outcomes. Overviewing current research knowledge using the IDEAL framework aids in designing further studies to develop fluorescence imaging techniques into an essential intraoperative navigation tool in each surgical field.
Cost comparison of oral, transnasal and magnet assisted capsule endoscopy in the examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with dyspepsia
Authors: Tai Foong Way David , Healy Ailish , Thokala Praveen , Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Sidhu Reena , McAlindon Mark 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionConventional oral upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy can obe uncomfortable. By comparison, transnasal endoscopy (TNE) and magnet assisted capsule endoscopy (MACE) have superior tolerability. A cost comparison of competing upper GI endoscopic modalities have yet to be performed.MethodsWe performed a cost comparison study of oral, TNE and MACE by a combination of activity-based costing and averaging of fixed costs over 24 481 upper GI endoscopies performed for dyspepsia over a 10-year period.ResultsOn average, 9.4 procedures were performed daily. TNE was cheapest at €125.90 per procedure, costing 30% less than oral endoscopy at €184.10 and threefold cheaper than MACE at €407.10. Flexible endoscope reprocessing cost €53.80. TNE was cheaper than oral endoscopy as sedation was not required. Oral endoscopies have a further rate of infectious complications, estimated to cost €16.20 per oral procedure in inpatient admissions. Oral and TNE equipment are more expensive to purchase and maintain than MACE costing €79 330 and €81 819, respectively compared with MACE at €15 420 per annum. However, capsule endoscopes cost significantly more per procedure at €369.00 than the consumables for flexible endoscopy (per oral €12.30, TNE €5.30).ConclusionsTNE cost less to perform than conventional per oral endoscopy. The cost of capsule endoscopes will need to be reduced significantly if routine use is to be expected.
Application of the Moser–Trudinger inequality in the construction of global solutions to a strongly degenerate migration model
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: November 2022

A no-flux initial-boundary value problem for the cross-diffusion system [Formula: see text] is considered in smoothly bounded domains [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. It is shown that whenever [Formula: see text] is positive on [Formula: see text] and such that [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], for all suitably regular positive initial data a global very weak solution, particularly preserving mass in its first component, can be constructed. This extends previous results which either concentrate on non-degenerate analogs, or are restricted to the special case [Formula: see text]. To appropriately cope with the considerably stronger cross-degeneracies thus allowed through [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is large, in its core part the analysis relies on the use of the Moser–Trudinger inequality in controlling the respective diffusion rates [Formula: see text] from below.
Geophysical assessment for deep structuring mapping and water resources perspectivity in semi-arid land region (northeastern Tunisia, Mediterranean Basin)
Authors: Kortas Oussama , Gabtni Hakim 
Published: November 2022

In Mediterranean semi-arid regions, shallow aquifers are generally over-exploited. However, several deeper groundwater boreholes exhibit serious problems of low hydraulic yield and dry wells. The existence of reliable information about the regional geological structure can enhance the success of deep well programmes.
Geophysics has proved very useful as a fast and efficient tool to understand the structuring of deep hydrogeology aquifers. Indeed, the identification and characterization of the deep structures of the Bir Drassen–Sidi Toumi region (Cap-Bon, northeastern Tunisia) contribute to a better quantification of the groundwater potential, allowing more sustainable management. This province can be considered as the SW extension of the NE–SW Jebel Abderrahman Atlasic anticline, one of the most prominent geological structures in northeastern Tunisia. To identify the Miocene and Oligocene reservoirs, a geophysical study was carried out using advanced gravity analysis, supported by boreholes, and seismic and geoelectrical calibration.
Different gravity filters were applied to reveal the sub-basin architecture and faulting network in the region. By calculating the maxima of the total horizontal gravity derivative and the distribution solutions for Euler's equations, a set of deep faults of different directions was divulged. Time-domain electromagnetic mapping illustrated the influence of these fault zones on the regional arrangement of sub-basin aquifers and their recharge processes.
Finally, a 3D residual gravity inversion was carried out to better image the tectonically controlled depocentres associated with prolific thick fluvial–deltaic reservoirs. These ‘deep aquifer valley’ can be suggested as strategic targets for deep hydrogeological exploration planning.
Effect of Dietary Administration of Green Macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis) on Mucosal and Systemic Immune Parameters, Antioxidant Defence, and Related Gene Expression in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Rouhani Elaheh , Safari Roghieh , Imanpour Mohammad Reza , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Yazici Metin , El-Haroun Ehab 
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of adding green macroalgae gutweed (Ulva intestinalis) powder to zebrafish (Danio rerio) feed at different levels on innate immune responses, antioxidant defence, and gene expression. A total of 600 zebrafish (

0.3
±
0.08

g) were randomly allocated to 12 aquariums in four treatments with three replicates (50 fish per aquarium). Zebrafish were fed with different levels of U. intestinalis powder 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for eight weeks. Whole-body extract (WBE) immune parameters including total protein level, globulin level, and lysozyme activity were evaluated and revealed statistically significant increased in all U. intestinalis supplemented groups compared to the control (

P
<
0.05

). However, mucus immune parameters (total protein, globulin, and lysozyme) were statistically different in only 1% gutweed supplemented groups from other groups. While glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with the addition of gutweed (

P
<
0.05

), catalase (CAT) did not change (

P
>
0.05

). The study results showed that dietary gutweed remarkably upregulated immune-related genes such as lysozyme (Lyz) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Antioxidant-related genes (SOD and CAT) and growth-related genes, including growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), were remarkably upregulated with gutweed treatment (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, dietary U. intestinalis showed beneficial effects on immunity, and same effects were observed in case of antioxidant and growth related genes expression in zebrafish.