bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Cluster‐Wise Typhoon Rainfall Forecasting Model Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models Over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Uddin Md. Jalal , Li Yubin , Sattar Md. Abdus , Liu Mingyang , Yang Nan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThough large amounts of work with artificial intelligence are used in typhoon rainfall forecasting, the predictive skills of existing models are unsatisfactory. To address this problem, this study aims to propose an improved cluster‐wise typhoon rainfall forecasting model that integrates the grid‐search cross‐validation method with machine learning and deep learning (DL) models including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short‐term memory (LSTM). Grid‐search cross‐validation is a modified parameterization technique that helps to find the best parameters for machine/DL models. In the first stage, a second‐order polynomial regression model was used to cluster the typhoon track; and in the second stage, cluster‐wise typhoon rainfall was recognized within a 500 km radius from each typhoon center. After that, a modified cluster‐wise typhoon rainfall forecasting model was proposed using cluster‐wise antecedent hourly typhoon rainfall within this distance for 1–6 hr lead time. Results show that the proposed model based on the SVM, RF, AdaBoost, CNN, and LSTM is capable of providing more accurate forecasts (the efficiency of the forecast is increased by 45%–90%) than the existing typhoon rainfall forecasting models that are based on SVM with a genetic algorithm, RF, artificial neural network, multilayer perceptron network, and deep neural network. Therefore, the current study recommends using cluster‐wise typhoon rainfall forecasting model with a grid‐search cross‐validation method for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Single-cell system using monolithic PMUTs-on-CMOS to monitor fluid hydrodynamic properties
Authors: Ledesma Eyglis , Zamora Iván , Yanez Jesús , Uranga Arantxa , Barniol Núria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, a single cell capable of monitoring fluid density, viscosity, sound velocity, and compressibility with a compact and small design is presented. The fluid measurement system is formed by a two-port AlScN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) with an 80 μm length monolithically fabricated with a 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The electrode configuration allows the entire system to be implemented in a single device, where one electrode is used as an input and the other as an output. Experimental verification was carried out by exploiting the features of piezoelectric devices such as resonators and acoustic transducers, where a frequency shift and amplitude variation are expected because of a change in density and viscosity. A sensitivity of 482 ± 14 Hz/kg/m3 demonstrates the potential of the system compared to other dual-electrode PMUTs. In addition, according to the acoustic measurement, the sound velocity, fluid compressibility, and viscosity coefficient can be extracted, which, to the best of our knowledge, is novel in these PMUT systems.
Personalized treatment supported by automated quantitative fluid analysis in active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)—a phase III, prospective, multicentre, randomized study: design and methods
Authors: Coulibaly Leonard M. , Sacu Stefan , Fuchs Philipp , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Faustmann Georg , Unterrainer Christian , Reiter Gregor S. , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) the exact amount of fluid and its location on optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been defined as crucial biomarkers for disease activity and therapeutic decisions. Yet in the absence of quantitative evaluation tools, real-world care outcomes are disappointing. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a practical option for clinicians to enhance point-of-care management by analysing OCT volumes in a short time. In this protocol we present the prospective implementation of an AI-algorithm providing automated real-time fluid quantifications in a clinical real-world setting.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicentre, randomized (1:1) and double masked phase III clinical trial. Two-hundred-ninety patients with active nAMD will be randomized between a study arm using AI-supported fluid quantifications and another arm using conventional qualitative assessments, i.e. state-of-the-art disease management. The primary outcome is defined as the mean number of injections over 1 year. Change in BCVA is defined as a secondary outcome.DiscussionAutomated measurement of fluid volumes in all retinal compartments such as intraretinal fluid (IRF), and subretinal fluid (SRF) will serve as an objective tool for clinical investigators on which to base retreatment decisions. Compared to qualitative fluid assessment, retreatment decisions will be plausible and less prone to error or large variability. The underlying hypothesis is that fluid should be treated, while residual persistent or stable amounts of fluid may not benefit from further therapy. Reducing injection numbers without diminishing the visual benefit will increase overall patient safety and relieve the burden for healthcare providers.Trial-registrationEudraCT-Number: 2019-003133-42
Inferring the epidemiological benefit of indoor vector control interventions against malaria from mosquito data
Authors: Sherrard-Smith Ellie , Ngufor Corine , Sanou Antoine , Guelbeogo Moussa W. , N’Guessan Raphael , Elobolobo Eldo , Saute Francisco , Varela Kenyssony , Chaccour Carlos J. , Zulliger Rose , Wagman Joseph , Robertson Molly L. , Rowland Mark , Donnelly Martin J. , Gonahasa Samuel , Staedke Sarah G. , Kolaczinski Jan , Churcher Thomas S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe cause of malaria transmission has been known for over a century but it is still unclear whether entomological measures are sufficiently reliable to inform policy decisions in human health. Decision-making on the effectiveness of new insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and the indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) have been based on epidemiological data, typically collected in cluster-randomised control trials. The number of these trials that can be conducted is limited. Here we use a systematic review to highlight that efficacy estimates of the same intervention may vary substantially between trials. Analyses indicate that mosquito data collected in experimental hut trials can be used to parameterize mechanistic models for Plasmodium falciparum malaria and reliably predict the epidemiological efficacy of quick-acting, neuro-acting ITNs and IRS. Results suggest that for certain types of ITNs and IRS using this framework instead of clinical endpoints could support policy and expedite the widespread use of novel technologies.
Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and fisheries production in 72 tropical coastal communities
Authors: Cinner Joshua E. , Caldwell Iain R. , Thiault Lauric , Ben John , Blanchard Julia L. , Coll Marta , Diedrich Amy , Eddy Tyler D. , Everett Jason D. , Folberth Christian , Gascuel Didier , Guiet Jerome , Gurney Georgina G. , Heneghan Ryan F. , Jägermeyr Jonas , Jiddawi Narriman , Lahari Rachael , Kuange John , Liu Wenfeng , Maury Olivier , Müller Christoph , Novaglio Camilla , Palacios-Abrantes Juliano , Petrik Colleen M. , Rabearisoa Ando , Tittensor Derek P. , Wamukota Andrew , Pollnac Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, especially below national scales, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys of 3,008 households and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries (Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Tanzania). Our study reveals three key findings: First, overall potential losses to fisheries are higher than potential losses to agriculture. Second, while most locations (> 2/3) will experience potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, climate change mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing that double burden. Third, potential impacts are more likely in communities with lower socioeconomic status.
Spatial regulation of AMPK signaling revealed by a sensitive kinase activity reporter
Authors: Schmitt Danielle L. , Curtis Stephanie D. , Lyons Anne C. , Zhang Jin-fan , Chen Mingyuan , He Catherine Y. , Mehta Sohum , Shaw Reuben J. , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energetics which coordinates metabolism by phosphorylating a plethora of substrates throughout the cell. But how AMPK activity is regulated at different subcellular locations for precise spatiotemporal control over metabolism is unclear. Here we present a sensitive, single-fluorophore AMPK activity reporter (ExRai AMPKAR), which reveals distinct kinetic profiles of AMPK activity at the mitochondria, lysosome, and cytoplasm. Genetic deletion of the canonical upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) results in slower AMPK activity at lysosomes but does not affect the response amplitude at lysosomes or mitochondria, in sharp contrast to the necessity of LKB1 for maximal cytoplasmic AMPK activity. We further identify a mechanism for AMPK activity in the nucleus, which results from cytoplasmic to nuclear shuttling of AMPK. Thus, ExRai AMPKAR enables illumination of the complex subcellular regulation of AMPK signaling.
Detection of relativistic fermions in Weyl semimetal TaAs by magnetostriction measurements
Authors: Cichorek T. , Bochenek Ł. , Juraszek J. , Sharlai Yu. V. , Mikitik G. P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThus far, a detection of the Dirac or Weyl fermions in topological semimetals remains often elusive, since in these materials conventional charge carriers exist as well. Here, measuring a field-induced length change of the prototype Weyl semimetal TaAs at low temperatures, we find that its c-axis magnetostriction amounts to relatively large values whereas the a-axis magnetostriction exhibits strong variations with changing the orientation of the applied magnetic field. It is discovered that at magnetic fields above the ultra-quantum limit, the magnetostriction of TaAs contains a linear-in-field term, which, as we show, is a hallmark of the Weyl fermions in a material. Developing a theory for the magnetostriction of noncentrosymmetric topological semimetals and applying it to TaAs, we additionally find several parameters characterizing the interaction between the relativistic fermions and elastic degrees of freedom in this semimetal. Our study shows how dilatometry can be used to unveil Weyl fermions in candidate topological semimetals.
Co-occurrence networks reveal more complexity than community composition in resistance and resilience of microbial communities
Authors: Gao Cheng , Xu Ling , Montoya Liliam , Madera Mary , Hollingsworth Joy , Chen Liang , Purdom Elizabeth , Singan Vasanth , Vogel John , Hutmacher Robert B. , Dahlberg Jeffery A. , Coleman-Derr Devin , Lemaux Peggy G. , Taylor John W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant response to drought stress involves fungi and bacteria that live on and in plants and in the rhizosphere, yet the stability of these myco- and micro-biomes remains poorly understood. We investigate the resistance and resilience of fungi and bacteria to drought in an agricultural system using both community composition and microbial associations. Here we show that tests of the fundamental hypotheses that fungi, as compared to bacteria, are (i) more resistant to drought stress but (ii) less resilient when rewetting relieves the stress, found robust support at the level of community composition. Results were more complex using all-correlations and co-occurrence networks. In general, drought disrupts microbial networks based on significant positive correlations among bacteria, among fungi, and between bacteria and fungi. Surprisingly, co-occurrence networks among functional guilds of rhizosphere fungi and leaf bacteria were strengthened by drought, and the same was seen for networks involving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. We also found support for the stress gradient hypothesis because drought increased the relative frequency of positive correlations.
Metaproteomics reveals enzymatic strategies deployed by anaerobic microbiomes to maintain lignocellulose deconstruction at high solids
Authors: Chirania Payal , Holwerda Evert K. , Giannone Richard J. , Liang Xiaoyu , Poudel Suresh , Ellis Joseph C. , Bomble Yannick J. , Hettich Robert L. , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEconomically viable production of cellulosic biofuels requires operation at high solids loadings—on the order of 15 wt%. To this end we characterize Nature’s ability to deconstruct and utilize mid-season switchgrass at increasing solid loadings using an anaerobic methanogenic microbiome. This community exhibits undiminished fractional carbohydrate solubilization at loadings ranging from 30 g/L to 150 g/L. Metaproteomic interrogation reveals marked increases in the abundance of specific carbohydrate-active enzyme classes. Significant enrichment of auxiliary activity family 6 enzymes at higher solids suggests a role for Fenton chemistry. Stress-response proteins accompanying these reactions are similarly upregulated at higher solids, as are β-glucosidases, xylosidases, carbohydrate-debranching, and pectin-acting enzymes—all of which indicate that removal of deconstruction inhibitors is important for observed undiminished solubilization. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms by which natural microbiomes effectively deconstruct and utilize lignocellulose at high solids loadings, informing the future development of defined cultures for efficient bioconversion.
Potentiating hypoxic microenvironment for antibiotic activation by photodynamic therapy to combat bacterial biofilm infections
Authors: Xiu Weijun , Wan Ling , Yang Kaili , Li Xiao , Yuwen Lihui , Dong Heng , Mou Yongbin , Yang Dongliang , Wang Lianhui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditional antibiotic treatment has limited efficacy for the drug-tolerant bacteria present in biofilms because of their unique metabolic conditions in the biofilm infection microenvironment. Modulating the biofilm infection microenvironment may influence the metabolic state of the bacteria and provide alternative therapeutic routes. In this study, photodynamic therapy is used not only to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in the normoxic condition, but also to potentiate the hypoxic microenvironment, which induces the anaerobic metabolism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and activates the antibacterial activity of metronidazole. Moreover, the photodynamic therapy-activated chemotherapy can polarize the macrophages to a M2-like phenotype and promote the repair of the biofilm infected wounds in mice. This biofilm infection microenvironment modulation strategy, whereby the hypoxic microenvironment is potentiated to synergize photodynamic therapy with chemotherapy, provides an alternative pathway for efficient treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
Multi-year El Niño events tied to the North Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Ding Ruiqiang , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Shi Liang , Li Jianping , Yu Jin-Yi , Wang Chunzai , Sun Cheng , Luo Jing-Jia , Ha Kyung‑Ja , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Li Feifei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti-year El Niño events induce severe and persistent floods and droughts worldwide, with significant socioeconomic impacts, but the causes of their long-lasting behaviors are still not fully understood. Here we present a two-way feedback mechanism between the tropics and extratropics to argue that extratropical atmospheric variability associated with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is a key source of multi-year El Niño events. The NPO during boreal winter can trigger a Central Pacific El Niño during the subsequent winter, which excites atmospheric teleconnections to the extratropics that re-energize the NPO variability, then re-triggers another El Niño event in the following winter, finally resulting in persistent El Niño-like states. Model experiments, with the NPO forcing assimilated to constrain atmospheric circulation, reproduce the observed connection between NPO forcing and the occurrence of multi-year El Niño events. Future projections of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6 models demonstrate that with enhanced NPO variability under future anthropogenic forcing, more frequent multi-year El Niño events should be expected. We conclude that properly accounting for the effects of the NPO on the evolution of El Niño events may improve multi-year El Niño prediction and projection.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the developing mouse inner ear identifies molecular logic of auditory neuron diversification
Authors: Petitpré Charles , Faure Louis , Uhl Phoebe , Fontanet Paula , Filova Iva , Pavlinkova Gabriela , Adameyko Igor , Hadjab Saida , Lallemend Francois 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifferent types of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are essential for auditory perception by transmitting complex auditory information from hair cells (HCs) to the brain. Here, we use deep, single cell transcriptomics to study the molecular mechanisms that govern their identity and organization in mice. We identify a core set of temporally patterned genes and gene regulatory networks that may contribute to the diversification of SGNs through sequential binary decisions and demonstrate a role for NEUROD1 in driving specification of a Ic-SGN phenotype. We also find that each trajectory of the decision tree is defined by initial co-expression of alternative subtype molecular controls followed by gradual shifts toward cell fate resolution. Finally, analysis of both developing SGN and HC types reveals cell-cell signaling potentially playing a role in the differentiation of SGNs. Our results indicate that SGN identities are drafted prior to birth and reveal molecular principles that shape their differentiation and will facilitate studies of their development, physiology, and dysfunction.
High output mode-locked laser empowered by defect regulation in 2D Bi2O2Se saturable absorber
Authors: Liu Junting , Yang Fang , Lu Junpeng , Ye Shuai , Guo Haowen , Nie Hongkun , Zhang Jialin , He Jingliang , Zhang Baitao , Ni Zhenhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtomically thin Bi2O2Se has emerged as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with an ultrabroadband nonlinear optical response, high carrier mobility and excellent air stability, showing great potential for the realization of optical modulators. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond solid-state laser at 1.0 µm with Bi2O2Se nanoplates as a saturable absorber (SA). Upon further defect regulation in 2D Bi2O2Se, the average power of the mode-locked laser is improved from 421 mW to 665 mW, while the pulse width is decreased from 587 fs to 266 fs. Moderate Ar+ plasma treatments are employed to precisely regulate the O and Se defect states in Bi2O2Se nanoplates. Nondegenerate pump-probe measurements show that defect engineering effectively accelerates the trapping rate and defect-assisted Auger recombination rate of photocarriers. The saturation intensity is improved from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 12.8 ± 0.6 MW cm−2 after the optimized defect regulation. The enhanced saturable absorption and ultrafast carrier lifetime endow the high-performance mode-locked laser with both large output power and short pulse duration.
Atomic-scale insights on hydrogen trapping and exclusion at incoherent interfaces of nanoprecipitates in martensitic steels
Authors: Zhang Binglu , Zhu Qisi , Xu Chi , Li Changtai , Ma Yuan , Ma Zhaoxiang , Liu Sinuo , Shao Ruiwen , Xu Yuting , Jiang Baolong , Gao Lei , Pang Xiaolu , He Yang , Chen Guang , Qiao Lijie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen is well known to embrittle high-strength steels and impair their corrosion resistance. One of the most attractive methods to mitigate hydrogen embrittlement employs nanoprecipitates, which are widely used for strengthening, to trap and diffuse hydrogen from enriching at vulnerable locations within the materials. However, the atomic origin of hydrogen-trapping remains elusive, especially in incoherent nanoprecipitates. Here, by combining in-situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we unveil distinct scenarios of hydrogen-precipitate interaction in a high-strength low-alloyed martensitic steel. It is found that not all incoherent interfaces are trapping hydrogen; some may even exclude hydrogen. Atomic-scale structural and chemical features of the very interfaces suggest that carbon/sulfur vacancies on the precipitate surface and tensile strain fields in the nearby matrix likely determine the hydrogen-trapping characteristics of the interface. These findings provide fundamental insights that may lead to a better coupling of precipitation-strengthening strategy with hydrogen-insensitive designs.
Interrogating breast cancer heterogeneity using single and pooled circulating tumor cell analysis
Authors: Rothé Françoise , Venet David , Peeters Dieter , Rouas Ghizlane , Rediti Mattia , Smeets Dominiek , Dupont Floriane , Campbell Peter , Lambrechts Diether , Dirix Luc , Sotiriou Christos , Ignatiadis Michail 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle cell technologies allow the interrogation of tumor heterogeneity, providing insights into tumor evolution and treatment resistance. To better understand whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could complement metastatic biopsies for tumor genomic profiling, we characterized 11 single CTCs and 10 pooled CTC samples at the mutational and copy number aberration (CNA) levels, and compared these results with matched synchronous tumor biopsies from 3 metastatic breast cancer patients with triple-negative (TNBC), HER2-positive and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Similar CNA profiles and the same patient-specific driver mutations were found in bulk tissue and CTCs for the HER2-positive and TNBC tumors, whereas different CNA profiles and driver mutations were identified for the ER+ tumor, which presented two distinct clones in CTCs defined by mutations in ESR1 Y537N and TP53, respectively. Furthermore, de novo mutational signatures derived from CTCs described patient-specific biological processes. These data suggest that tumor tissue and CTCs provide complementary clinically relevant information to map tumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution.