bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Atmosphere‐aerosol Model ICON‐A‐HAM2.3–Initial Model Evaluation and Effects of Radiation Balance Tuning on Aerosol Optical Thickness
Authors: Salzmann M. , Ferrachat S. , Tully C. , Münch S. , Watson‐Parris D. , Neubauer D. , Siegenthaler‐Le Drian C. , Rast S. , Heinold B. , Crueger T. , Brokopf R. , Mülmenstädt J. , Quaas J. , Wan H. , Zhang K. , Lohmann U. , Stier P. , Tegen I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Hamburg Aerosol Module version 2.3 (HAM2.3) from the ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3 global atmosphere‐aerosol model is coupled to the recently developed icosahedral nonhydrostatic ICON‐A (icon‐aes‐1.3.00) global atmosphere model to yield the new ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 atmosphere‐aerosol model. The ICON‐A and ECHAM6.3 host models use different dynamical cores, parameterizations of vertical mixing due to sub‐grid scale turbulence, and parameter settings for radiation balance tuning. Here, we study the role of the different host models for simulated aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and evaluate impacts of using HAM2.3 and the ECHAM6‐HAM2.3 two‐moment cloud microphysics scheme on several meteorological variables. Sensitivity runs show that a positive AOT bias over the subtropical oceans is remedied in ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 because of a different default setting of a parameter in the moist convection parameterization of the host models. The global mean AOT is biased low compared to MODIS satellite instrument retrievals in ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 and ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3, but the bias is larger in ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 because negative AOT biases over the Amazon, the African rain forest, and the northern Indian Ocean are no longer compensated by high biases over the sub‐tropical oceans. ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 shows a moderate improvement with respect to AOT observations at AERONET sites. A multivariable bias score combining biases of several meteorological variables into a single number is larger in ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 compared to standard ICON‐A and standard ECHAM6.3. In the tropics, this multivariable bias is of similar magnitude in ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 and in ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3. In the extra‐tropics, a smaller multivariable bias is found for ICON‐A‐HAM2.3 than for ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3.
Using Ensemble Data Assimilation to Estimate Transient Hydrologic Exchange Flow Under Highly Dynamic Flow Conditions
Authors: Chen Kewei , Chen Xingyuan , Song Xuehang , Briggs Martin A. , Jiang Peishi , Shuai Pin , Hammond Glenn , Zhan Hongbin , Zachara John M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantifying dynamic hydrologic exchange flows (HEFs) within river corridors that experience high‐frequency flow variations caused by dam regulations is important for understanding the biogeochemical processes at the river water and groundwater interfaces. Heat has been widely used as a tracer to infer steady‐state flow velocities through analytical solutions of heat transport defined by the diurnal temperature signals. Under sub‐daily dynamic flow conditions, however, such analytical solutions are not applicable due to the violation of their fundamental assumptions. In this study, we developed a data assimilation‐based approach to estimate the sub‐daily flux under highly dynamic flow conditions using multi‐depth temperature observations at a 5‐min resolution. If the hydraulic gradient is measured, Darcy's law was used to calculate the flux with permeability estimated from temperature responses below the riverbed. Otherwise, flux was estimated directly by assimilating multi‐depth temperature data at 1‐ or 2‐hr time intervals assuming one‐dimensional flow and heat transport governing equation. By comparing estimated fluxes with model‐generated synthetic truth, we demonstrated that both schemes have robust performance in estimating fluxes under highly dynamic flow conditions. This data assimilation‐based flux estimation method was able to capture the vertical sub‐daily fluxes using multi‐depth high‐resolution temperature data alone, even in the presence of multi‐dimensional flow. This approach has been successfully applied to real field temperature data collected at the Hanford site, which experiences highly dynamic HEFs. Our study shows the promise of adopting distributed 1‐D temperature monitoring to capture spatial and temporal exchange dynamics in river corridors at a watershed scale or beyond.
Ab initio studies of magnetism and topology in solid Pd-rich $${\varvec{a}}$$-PdSi alloys
Authors: Rodríguez Isaías , Valladares Renela M. , Valladares Alexander , Hinojosa-Romero David , Valladares Ariel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 1965 Duwez et al. reported having generated an amorphous, stable phase of palladium-silicon in the region 15 to 23 atomic percent, at.%, silicon. These pioneering efforts have led to the development of solid materials that are now known as Bulk Metallic Glasses, BMG. In 2019 Rodríguez et al. discovered, computationally, that bulk amorphous Pd becomes magnetic, and so does porous/amorphous Pd. Puzzled by these results, the study of several solid binary systems in the Pd-rich zone was undertaken; in particular, the study of the glassy metallic alloy a-Pd$$_{100-c}$$

100
-
c

Si$$_{c}$$

c

, for $$0 \le c \le 22$$

0
≤
c
≤
22

, (c in at.%) to see what their topology is, what their electronic properties are and to inquire about their magnetism. In this work it is shown that this metallic glass is in fact magnetic in the region $$0 \le c < 15$$

0
≤
c
<
15

. Collaterally $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\beta$$
β
magnetization curves are shown where the net magnetic moment is presented. The topology and the position of the first few peaks of the pair distribution functions, which agrees well with experiment, are also discussed. The BMGs produced experimentally so far are limited in size, but despite this limitation, recent industrial efforts have developed some useful devices that may revolutionize technology.
THz-photonics transceivers by all-dielectric phonon-polariton nonlinear nanoantennas
Authors: Leon Unai Arregui , Rocco Davide , Carletti Luca , Peccianti Marco , Maci Stefano , Della Valle Giuseppe , De Angelis Costantino 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe THz spectrum (spanning from 0.3 to 30 THz) offers the potential of a plethora of applications, ranging from the imaging through non transparent media to wireless-over-fiber communications and THz-photonics. The latter framework would greatly benefit from the development of optical-to-THz wavelength converters. Exploiting Difference Frequency Generation in a nonlinear all dielectric nanoantenna, we propose a compact solution to this problem. By means of a near-infrared pump beam (at $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

), the information signal in the optical domain (at $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

) is converted to the THz band (at $$\omega _3=\omega _2-\omega _1$$

ω
3

=

ω
2

-

ω
1

). The approach is completely transparent with respect to the modulation format, and can be easily integrated in a metasurface platform for simultaneous frequency and spatial moulding of THz beams.
Morphine-induced modulation of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Reymond Sandrine , Vujić Tatjana , Schvartz Domitille , Sanchez Jean-Charles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMorphine is one of the most potent opioid analgesic used for pain treatment. Morphine action in the central nervous system requires crossing the blood–brain barrier. Due to the controversial relationship between morphine and oxidative stress, the potential pro- or antioxidant effects of morphine in the blood–brain barrier is important to be understood, as oxidative stress could cause its disruption and predispose to neurodegenerative diseases. However, investigation is scarce in human brain endothelial cells. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of morphine exposure at three different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 µM) for 24 h and 48 h on primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. A quantitative data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry strategy was used to analyze proteome modulations. Almost 3000 proteins were quantified of which 217 were reported to be significantly regulated in at least one condition versus untreated control. Pathway enrichment analysis unveiled dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway involved in oxidative stress response. Seahorse assay underlined mitochondria dysfunctions, which were supported by significant expression modulations of relevant mitochondrial proteins. In conclusion, our study revealed the dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway and mitochondria dysfunctions after morphine exposure, highlighting a potential redox imbalance in human brain endothelial cells.
A photoelectrochemical sensor based on β‐cyclodextrin‐modified MoS2 quantum dots‐WS2 nanosheet composites for the detection of benzo [a]pyrene
Authors: Shi Jian‐Jun , Wang Zhe , Wang Yan , Shu Rui‐Wen , Yang Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA photoelectrochemical sensor has been developed for the detection of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant benzo [a]pyrene (BaP). An n‐butyl lithium intercalation stripping method is applied to prepare tungsten disulphide nanosheets (WS2 NSs). WS2 NSs and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐modified MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) are then compounded by hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups. After assembly on an indium tin oxide electrode, the energy level matching and synergistic photoelectric effect between β‐CD‐MoS2 QDs and WS2 NSs reduced the combination of photogenerated electrons and holes and an enhanced photocurrent signal is observed. As a result of the host–guest interaction between β‐CD and BaP, BaP could bind to the β‐CD‐MoS2 QDs in the nanocomposites, which hinders the electron migration to the electrode and weakened the photocurrent signal. Thus, the trace detection of BaP is realized. The rate of photocurrent change is also related to the BaP concentration from 1 to 20 nmol/L with a detection limit of 0.33 nmol/L. In summary, a highly sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of BaP is successfully constructed.
Using birefringent elements and imaging Michelsons for the calibration of high-precision planet-finding spectrographs
Authors: Schou J. 
Published: March 2022

Context. One of the main methods used for finding extrasolar planets is the radial velocity technique, in which the Doppler shift of a star due to an orbiting planet is measured. These measurements are typically performed using cross-dispersed echelle spectrographs. Unfortunately, such spectrographs are large and expensive, and their accurate calibration continues to be challenging.
Aims. The aim is to develop a different way to provide a calibration signal.
Methods. A commonly used way to introduce a calibration signal is to insert an iodine cell in the beam. Disadvantages of this include that the lines are narrow, do not cover the entire spectrum, and light is absorbed. Here I show that inserting a birefringent element or an imaging Michelson, combined with Wollaston prisms, eliminates these three shortcomings while maintaining most of the benefits of the iodine approach.
Results. The proposed designs can be made very compact, thereby providing a convenient way of calibrating a spectrograph. Similar to the iodine cell approach, the calibration signal travels with the stellar signal, thereby reducing the sensitivity to spectrograph stability. The imposed signal covers the entire visible range, and any temperature drifts will be consistent and describable by a single number. Based on experience with similar devices that were used in a different configuration by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, it is shown that the calibration device can be made stable at the 0.1 m/s level over a significant wavelength range on short to medium timescales.
Conclusions. While the design is promising, many details still need to be worked out. In particular, a number of laboratory measurements are required in order to finalize a design and estimate actual performance, and it would be desirable to make a proof of concept.
Exploring multiple generations of planetary embryos
Authors: Voelkel Oliver , Klahr Hubert , Mordasini Christoph , Emsenhuber Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Context. Global models of planet formation tend to begin with an initial set of planetary embryos for the sake of simplicity. While this approach gives valuable insights into the evolution of the initial embryos, the initial distribution itself is staked on a bold assumption. Limiting the study to an initial distribution may neglect essential physics that either precedes or follows such an initial distribution.
Aims. We wish to investigate the effect of dynamic planetary embryo formation on the formation of planetary systems.
Methods. The presented framework begins with an initial disk of gas, dust, and pebbles. The disk evolution, the formation of plan-etesimals and the formation of planetary embryos is modeled consistently. Embryos then grow by pebble accretion, followed by planetesimal and, eventually, gas accretion. Planet-disk interactions and N-body dynamics, along with a consideration of other simultaneously growing embryos, are included in the framework.
Results. We show that the formation of planets can occur in multiple consecutive phases. Earlier generations grow massive by pebble accretion but are subject to fast type I migration and, thus, by accretion to the star. The later generations of embryos that form grow too much smaller masses by planetesimal accretion, as the amount of pebbles in the disk has vanished.
Conclusions. The formation history of planetary systems may be far more complex than an initial distribution of embryos could reflect. The dynamic formation of planetary embryos needs to be considered in global models of planet formation to allow for a complete picture of the system’s evolution.
A probabilistic method for detecting solar-like oscillations using meaningful prior information
Authors: Nielsen M. B. , Hatt E. , Chaplin W. J. , Ball W. H. , Davies G. R. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Current and future space-based observatories such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and PLATO are set to provide an enormous amount of new data on oscillating stars, and in particular stars that oscillate similar to the Sun. Solar-like oscillators constitute the majority of known oscillating stars and so automated analysis methods are becoming an ever increasing necessity to make as much use of these data as possible.
Aims. Here we aim to construct an algorithm that can automatically determine if a given time series of photometric measurements shows evidence of solar-like oscillations. The algorithm is aimed at analyzing data from the TESS mission and the future PLATO mission, and in particular stars in the main-sequence and subgiant evolutionary stages.
Methods. The algorithm first tests the range of observable frequencies in the power spectrum of a TESS light curve for an excess that is consistent with that expected from solar-like oscillations. In addition, the algorithm tests if a repeating pattern of oscillation frequencies is present in the time series, and whether it is consistent with the large separation seen in solar-like oscillators. Both methods use scaling relations and observations which were established and obtained during the CoRoT, Kepler, and K2 missions.
Results. Using a set of test data consisting of visually confirmed solar-like oscillators and nonoscillators observed by TESS, we find that the proposed algorithm can attain a 94.7% true positive (TP) rate and a 8.2% false positive (FP) rate at peak accuracy. However, by applying stricter selection criteria, the FP rate can be reduced to ≈ 2%, while retaining an 80% TP rate.
Morphological Representation of C1q in the Aging Central Nervous
System
Authors: Rupprecht Christian , Sarker Rim S. J. , Rammes Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction The complement protein C1q is essential for the innate immune
system and neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. To gain more
insight into these functions in the CNS, a comprehensive understanding of the
morphological representation, especially of its cellular and subcellular target
structures, is of great importance.
Methods For a free-floating preparation, the brains of wild-type and
ArcAβ mice were cut into 100 μm slices. Living slices were
incubated in Ringer’s solution and then fixed in 4%
paraformaldehyde (PFA) and stained with different primary and secondary
antibodies or methoxy-X04.
Results C1q was abundant in the entire brain. Interestingly, C1q
accumulated around cell nuclei, with a perineuronal localization around neuronal
somata and a paraneuronal accumulation around non-neuronal cells, e. g.,
microglia. Moreover, dendritic-like, linear, branched C1q signals were observed
in the area between the dentate gyrus and the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Complementary staining revealed an overlap with β-amyloid accumulation
reflected by the deposition of C1q within plaques and modified basal C1q levels
in the brains of transgenic ArcAβ animals.
Discussion The applied free-floating approach is suitable for C1q
immunofluorescence imaging. The consistent colocalization of the complement
protein C1q with β-amyloid plaques may reflect an activated immune
response, whereas the accumulation of C1q around neuronal structures such as
somata and dendrites is still a matter of debate. Intriguingly, C1q surrounds
those structures in older brains of both wild-type and ArcAβ mice. Our
results also indicate an involvement of C1q in neurophysiological and
neurodegenerative processes.
Passagere Prostatabeschwerden unklarer Genese
Authors: Grätz Joachim-F. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Autor beschreibt die erfolgreiche homöopathische Behandlung einer
unklaren Prostata-Blasen-Erkrankung bei einem Mann mittleren Alters, die sich
seit über 5 Jahren manifestiert hatte und etwa 40 Schul- und
Alternativmediziner vor ein Rätsel stellte, da sie nur sporadisch
auftrat – mit monatelangen beschwerdefreien Perioden. Dabei wird die
langjährige Anamnese ausführlich beschrieben und gewertet.
Männermedizin: Medorrhinum
Authors: Trebin Ernst 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungUrogenitale Erkrankungen sind das Terrain vorwiegend der Sykose, Medorrhinum ist
also hierfür eine wichtige Arznei. Aber auch andere Aspekte dieser
Nosode müssen berücksichtigt werden wie die Koronare
Herzerkrankung oder die hereditär-gonorrhoische Monarthritis des
Kniegelenks.
Abelmoschus moschatus – Einheit als Schutz
Authors: Kellinghaus Heinz 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf einer modifizierten Methode der Arzneifindung nach Zippermayr
stellt der Autor die erfolgreiche Verschreibung von Abelmoschus moschatus dar.
Die Auffindung des Grundmotivs der Patientin gab den entscheidenden Hinweis auf
das Simile.Auch die Familienanamnese mit dem Auffinden einer Analogie erwies sich als
wichtig, denn der Auslöser für die Grundangst der Patientin
wurde schon 2 Generationen vorher gelegt. Alle Krankheiten und psychosomatischen
Symptome der Patientin sind Ausdruck und Folge der Kompensation, der Verdeckung
dieses Grundmotivs. Die Intuition half in diesem Fall sehr, das zentrale Thema
der Patientin zu finden.Nach Scholten streben Abelmoschus und alle Malvaceae nach Verbundenheit und
Einheit. Bei dieser Patientin jedoch ist die Verbundenheit nur ein Mittel zum
Schutz vor der bedrohlichen Umwelt. Ihr Antrieb ist das Vermeiden der
Bedrohungsangst, nicht das Streben nach Einheit.
Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds by Gold-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: He Lin , Cao Yanwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, carbonylation reactions has experienced rapid progress and has become the essential and efficient strategies for the large-scale preparation of carbonyl compounds. Although palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and cobalt are the dominating catalysis in carbonylation reactions, the gold has emerged as a selectable catalysis in some specific carbonylation reactions in the past two decades. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous gold catalysis have been studied in carbonylation reactions. Herein, we briefly reviewed the history of gold-catalyzed carbonylation reactions, including carbonylation of olefins, methanol, and amines. It also highlights our recent works on synergistic Au/Cu-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of amines.1	Introduction2	Carbonylation of Olefins3	Carbonylation of Methanol4	Carbonylation of Amines4.1	Gold Catalysis4.2	Bimetallic Au–M catalysis5	Conclusion and Outlook
Photocatalytic Approach to α,α-Difluoroalkyl Alcohols
Authors: Werłos Mateusz , Kachkovskyi Georgii , Cieślak Marcin , Graczyk Piotr , Zawadzki Przemysław , Kalinowska-Tłuścik Justyna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA convenient approach to previously poorly accessible α,α-difluoroalkyl alcohols by visible light-mediated photocatalysis was developed. Broad scope of the transformation together with experimental simplicity and scalability using flow techniques open good prospects for further studies of properties (including biological) of these novel products.
Coracoid Process—A Hub of Shoulder Ligaments
Authors: Desai Sanjay , Patil Nandakishore G. , Kapoor Tushar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoracoid process is a hook-like structure connected with multiple ligaments. The complexity and its close relations often create confusion. The aim of this study is to identify the ligaments attached to the coracoid process as discrete structures on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This is a retrospective observational study. One-hundred twenty MRI shoulder studies performed during November and December 2019 at Dept of Radiology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, were evaluated. These were obtained on 3T MRI (Siemens, Pennsylvania, United States) machine. All scans were evaluated by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. The ligaments studied were coracohumeral (CHL), coracoclavicular (CCL), coracoacromial (CAL), and coracoglenoid (CGL) ligaments. Mean age of cohort was 56.3 years with 59.2% males and 56.2% right shoulder studies. Pain was the main presenting symptom (49%) followed by instability (35%). Reader 1 identified CHL in 106 out of 120 and reader 2 identified 108 out of 120 on all 3 planes. Substantial interobserver agreement (κ =0.65) was noted for sagittal T1 and proton density fat saturated (PDFS) sequences. Both readers could identify CCL and CAL ligaments in all three sequences with better confidence on nonfat saturated sagittal images. Reader 1 identified CGL in 9 on axial and 12 on sagittal images among 120 cases. Reader 2 identified CGL in 13 on axial and 16 on sagittal images among 120 cases. With a κ = 0.702 for the axial PDFS and κ = 0.72 for sagittal T1 and PDFS sequence, substantial interobserver agreement was noted. Sagittal images were better in the evaluation of CGL. Identifying ligaments attached to coracoid on MRI helps in managing associated pathological states.
Robots as models of evolving systems
Authors: Wang Gao , Phan Trung V. , Li Shengkai , Wang Jing , Peng Yan , Chen Guo , Qu Junle , Goldman Daniel I. , Levin Simon A. , Pienta Kenneth , Amend Sarah , Austin Robert H. , Liu Liyu 
Published: March 2022

Significance
We present a fully realized adaptive resource landscape with diploid three-gene robots presenting interacting roles of population dynamics, mutations, breeding, death, and birth. Although modeling and theory serves as a guide here, the inherent complexity of our robobiology world makes it an experiment in exploring rules of Darwinian natural selection at a level difficult to simulate. We find that the lower the genetic diversity, the lower the survival probability of the robot population. We propose that diploid gene robots can act as avatars of diploid mammalian cells to explore novel programs of administration of drugs.