bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Excessive Alcohol Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 64 Years, 2015 to 2019
Authors: Esser Marissa B. , Leung Gregory , Sherk Adam , Bohm Michele K. , Liu Yong , Lu Hua , Naimi Timothy S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceAlcohol consumption is a leading preventable cause of death in the US, and death rates from fully alcohol-attributable causes (eg, alcoholic liver disease) have increased in the past decade, including among adults aged 20 to 64 years. However, a comprehensive assessment of alcohol-attributable deaths among this population, including from partially alcohol-attributable causes, is lacking.ObjectiveTo estimate the mean annual number of deaths from excessive alcohol use relative to total deaths among adults aged 20 to 64 years overall; by sex, age group, and state; and as a proportion of total deaths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study of mean annual alcohol-attributable deaths among US residents between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, used population-attributable fractions. Data were analyzed from January 6, 2021, to May 2, 2022.ExposuresMean daily alcohol consumption among the 2 089 287 respondents to the 2015-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was adjusted using national per capita alcohol sales to correct for underreporting. Adjusted mean daily alcohol consumption prevalence estimates were applied to relative risks to generate alcohol-attributable fractions for chronic partially alcohol-attributable conditions. Alcohol-attributable fractions based on blood alcohol concentrations were used to assess acute partially alcohol-attributable deaths.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAlcohol-attributable deaths for 58 causes of death, as defined in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Alcohol-Related Disease Impact application. Mortality data were from the National Vital Statistics System.ResultsDuring the 2015-2019 study period, of 694 660 mean deaths per year among adults aged 20 to 64 years (men: 432 575 [66.3%]; women: 262 085 [37.7%]), an estimated 12.9% (89 697 per year) were attributable to excessive alcohol consumption. This percentage was higher among men (15.0%) than women (9.4%). By state, alcohol-attributable deaths ranged from 9.3% of total deaths in Mississippi to 21.7% in New Mexico. Among adults aged 20 to 49 years, alcohol-attributable deaths (44 981 mean annual deaths) accounted for an estimated 20.3% of total deaths.Conclusions And RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that an estimated 1 in 8 total deaths among US adults aged 20 to 64 years were attributable to excessive alcohol use, including 1 in 5 deaths among adults aged 20 to 49 years. The number of premature deaths could be reduced with increased implementation of evidenced-based, population-level alcohol policies, such as increasing alcohol taxes or regulating alcohol outlet density.
The link between exposure to violent media, normative beliefs about aggression, self‐control, and aggression: A comparison of traditional and cyberbullying
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Wei Xinyi , Jiang Huaibin , Tuo Anxie , Lu Guizhi , Liang Hanyu , Xiao Na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdolescence is a high‐risk age for exposure to violent media (EVM) and bullying. Some previous theories and empirical studies have highlighted a moderated mediating model that normative beliefs about aggression (NBA) as a mediator and self‐control (SC) as a moderator for the link between EVM and aggressive behaviors (including bullying behaviors). However, most previous studies analyzed traditional bullying (TB) and cyberbullying (CB) separately, which is not conducive to finding the differences between the two bullying behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences between risk prediction models of TB and CB among adolescents. A total of 777 Chinese adolescent students (336 girls; Mage = 13.57 ± 0.98) completed questionnaires including EVM, NBA, TB, CB, and SC. The results showed that: (1) EVM was positively related to adolescent TB/CB; (2) NBA mediated the above relations; and (3) SC buffers the direct effect of EVM on TB and the effect of NBA on TB. However, SC buffers the effect of NBA on adolescent CB but not buffers the direct effect of EVM on CB. This study highlights the necessity of distinguishing offline and online situations in aggressive behavior research. We suggested “online disinhibit hypothesis” would be adopted to explain why protector factors (e.g., SC) do not buffer the link between aggression‐related risk factors (e.g., EVM) and online aggression (e.g., CB).
Association between air pollution and CSF sTREM2 in cognitively normal older adults: The CABLE study
Authors: Li Meng , Ma Ya‐Hui , Fu Yan , Liu Jia‐Yao , Hu He‐Ying , Zhao Yong‐Li , Huang Liang‐Yu , Tan Lan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAmbient air pollution aggravates the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Currently, the exact inflammatory mechanisms underlying these links from clinical research remain largely unclear.MethodsThis study included 1,131 cognitively intact individuals from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE database with data provided on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers (amyloid beta‐peptide 42 [Aβ42], total tau [t‐tau], and phosphorylated tau [p‐tau]), neuroinflammatory (CSF sTREM2), and systemic inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and peripheral immune cells). The 2‐year averaged levels of ambient fine particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at each participant's residence. Multiple‐adjusted models were approached to detect associations of air pollution with inflammatory markers and AD‐related proteins.ResultsAmbient 2‐year averaged exposure of PM2.5 was associated with changes of neuroinflammatory markers, that is, CSF sTREM2 (β = −0.116, p = 0.0002). Similar results were found for O3 exposure among the elderly (β = −0.111, p = 0.0280) or urban population (β = −0.090, p = 0.0144). No significant evidence supported NO2 related to CSF sTREM2. For potentially causal associations with accumulated AD pathologies, the total effects of PM2.5 on CSF amyloid‐related protein (CSF Aβ42 and p‐tau/Aβ42) were partly mediated by CSF sTREM2, with proportions of 14.22% and 47.15%, respectively. Additional analyses found inverse associations between peripheral inflammatory markers with PM2.5 and NO2, but a positive correlation with O3.InterpretationThese findings demonstrated a strong link between PM2.5 exposure and microglial dysfunction. Furthermore, CSF sTREM2 as a key mediator modulated the influences of PM2.5 exposure on AD amyloid pathologies.
Prologue: Drawing an Argument for Refusal
Authors: Saloojee Ozayr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe way an architectural drawing is composed and formatted is underwritten by its reliance on Western, modernist protocols of space‐making and construction. Guest‐editor of this issue and faculty in architecture at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ozayr Saloojee describes his drawing practice as a way to destabilise these assumptions and introduce in his work more social and political issues not prevalent in the western cannon.
Shebeen Operations: Navigating Deviance
Authors: Govender Thireshen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThireshen Govender founded Johannesburg‐based design‐research studio UrbanWorks as a means to read, speculate and intervene in urban situations. Here he illustrates how to look and decipher in a manner that provides tangible evidence for radical and realisable architectures in order to shift the trajectory of urban life in volatile contexts by deploying space and architecture as a political instrument.
Asymmetric Soft‐Structure Functional Surface for Intelligent Liquids’ Distinction, Transportation, and Reaction Mixer
Authors: Sun Siqi , Miao Jiaqi , Tan Rong , Zhang Tieshan , Li Gen , Shen Yajing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStructured surfaces have attracted wide attention because of their great potential in directional transport, liquid collection or separation, microfluidics, etc. However, it remains a big challenge to design a surface that can distinguish various liquids, utilize their inherent properties to control their transportation, and realize functional applications. Herein, it is presented an asymmetric soft‐structure functional surface (ASFS) with arrayed curvature units that can make the Laplace pressure as a driving force to determine the preferential spreading direction and show abundant transport behaviors for liquids with different surface tensions. With good deformability, the proposed ASFS can directionally transport liquids along complex terrains, e.g., 1D‐tilted, 2D‐curved, and 3D‐helical trajectories. It is also demonstrated that the ASFS can achieve synchronous or asynchronous liquid mixing by choosing appropriate liquids. Moreover, the intelligent response ability allows the ASFS to be a portable contact angle discriminator. This study proposes a new strategy to manipulate liquids via their intrinsic properties and opens new avenues for application‐oriented liquid operation surfaces.
Controlled Synthesis of Multicolor Carbon Dots Assisted by Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Jiao , Luo Jun Bo , Hu Mu Yuan , Zhou Jun , Huang Cheng Zhi , Liu Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention and applications in recent years due to their remarkable characteristics of tunable emission wavelength, high stability, and a variety of synthetic raw materials. Since the formation process and photoluminescence properties of CDs are affected by multiple factors, the luminescence regulation of CDs has always been a troublesome problem. Furthermore, it is still a lack of appropriate approaches to reveal the hidden rules between the synthesis conditions and the luminescence properties of CDs. Inspired by machine learning (ML) applications in molecular and materials science, herein, a data‐driven ML strategy is proposed to multi‐dimensionally investigate the correlation between reaction parameters and the photoluminescence properties of CDs. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that reaction parameters and solvent properties have different influences on the fluorescence properties of CDs, and the intelligently optimizing synthesis route of CDs is achieved using ML algorithms. CDs with excellent luminescent properties screened by ML are further applied to high‐capacity colorful information encryption. This study provides an efficient ML‐assisted strategy to guide the synthesis of multicolor CDs, helping researchers to quickly and easily obtain CDs according to experimental requirements.
Rational Design of Sulfonamide‐Based Additive Enables Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Reversible Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Huang Cong , Huang Fei , Zhao Xin , Hao Yisu , Yang Yujie , Qian Yang , Chang Ge , Zhang Yan , Tang Qunli , Hu Aiping , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐forming additives strategy is of great significance for improving the cycle stability of zinc (Zn) anodes. Although various additives have been reported, the relationship between their molecular structures and SEI chemistries is poorly understood. Herein, a molecular design principle for sulfonamide‐containing additives that endow Zn anodes with a robust SEI layer is proposed. The incorporation of the benzene ring and amino group (−NH2) leads to high adsorption energy, low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and a small highest occupied molecular orbital‐LUMO (HOMO‐LUMO) gap, facilitating the reduction process of sulfanilamide (SA) additives. Coupled with SA/ZnSO4 electrolytes, Zn|Zn symmetric cells deliver an ultralong cycle life of 4800 h (200 days) at 2 mA cm−2 and 2 mAh cm−2. Additionally, a high cumulative plated capacity (CPC) of 6000 mAh cm−2 and 2700 mAh cm−2 is also achieved at a capacity per cycle of 10 mAh cm−2 and 30 mAh cm−2, respectively. More importantly, the versatility of SA additives is also demonstrated in Zn‐V2O5, Zn‐I2, and Zn‐MnO2 full cells at a low N/P ratio (the theoretical capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode) of 5.3, 8.3, and 4.5, respectively. This molecular structure strategy provides a promising path to develop effective SEI‐forming additives.
Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with Partially Solvating Diluent for Lithium/Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries
Authors: Liu Xu , Diemant Thomas , Mariani Alessandro , Dong Xu , Di Pietro Maria Enrica , Mele Andrea , Passerini Stefano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of Li/sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) batteries requires electrolytes that can form stable electrolyte/electrode interphases simultaneously on lithium‐metal anodes (LMAs) and SPAN cathodes. Herein, a low‐flammability locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte (LCILE) employing monofluorobenzene (mFBn) as the diluent is proposed for Li/SPAN cells. Unlike non‐solvating diluents in other LCILEs, mFBn partially solvates Li+, decreasing the coordination between Li+ and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−). In turn, this triggers a more substantial decomposition of FSI− and consequently results in the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganic compounds, which enables a remarkable Coulombic efficiency (99.72%) of LMAs. Meanwhile, a protective cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), derived mainly from FSI− and organic cations, is generated on the SPAN cathodes, preventing the dissolution of polysulfides. Benefiting from the robust interphases simultaneously formed on both the electrodes, a highly stable cycling of Li/SPAN cells for 250 cycles with a capacity retention of 71% is achieved employing the LCILE and only 80% lithium‐metal excess.
Stable Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with Well‐Resolved Emission from a Planar Conformational Chain of Polydiarylfluorenes via Alternating Copolymerization
Authors: Yang Jinghao , Zheng Yingying , Wang Shengjie , Liu Bin , Gong Huaqiang , Yu Ningning , Zhang Yahui , Li Mengyuan , Sun Lili , Chen Wenyu , Liu Heyuan , Wang Yunhao , Bai Lubing , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractControl of the secondary conformational behavior of light‐emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs) is essential to obtain deep‐blue emission with a narrowband and stable color purity. Naturally π–π interactions induced by the planar aromatic segments may be easily observed in liner‐type LCPs, which lead to reduced emission efficiency, color purity, and energy bandgap. Herein, an alternating copolymerization strategy is proposed to obtain the singlet exciton behavior of a planar conformational segment from polydiarylfluorenes‐copolymers (P7‐6DPF, P7‐8DPF, and P7‐9DPF) toward deep‐blue polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). Compared to the highly crystalline capacity of P7DPF, P7‐8DPF, and P8DPF, alternative P7‐6DPF and P7‐9DPF present a feature and well‐resolved emission from a planar conformational segment of polyfluorene without obvious polaron features and charge transfer states. More interestingly, P7‐6DPF and P7‐9DPF show thickness‐independent electroluminescence (EL) behavior with a stable deep‐blue color purity, which is the precondition to fabricate large‐scale and high‐quality PLEDs. Finally, compared to control devices, PLEDs based on the P7‐6DPF and P7‐9DPF planar (β) conformational films present a well‐resolved and narrowband emission, stable EL spectra, high brightness (two‐ to threefold), and high current efficiency (1.3‐fold). Therefore, optimizing hierarchical structure via alternating copolymerization is an effective strategy to improve the performance and stability of deep‐blue PLEDs.
Fast and Highly Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Pb‐Free Sn‐Based Perovskite with Additive Engineering
Authors: Yun Kwang‐Ro , Lee Tae‐Ju , Kim Su‐Kyung , Kim Jong‐Ho , Seong Tae‐Yeon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely investigated for the fabrication of photodetectors because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the toxicity of Pb‐based perovskites and the lack of manufacturing technology in air limits the commercialization of perovskite‐based photodetectors. Tin halide perovskite (THP) is a promising candidate to replace Pb‐based perovskites due to its low toxicity and potential commercialization. However, THP suffers poor stability in air because Sn2+ is easily oxidized to Sn4+. This “self‐doping” effect not only degrades device performance rapidly, but also makes it difficult to fabricate THP‐based devices in air. Here, Pb‐free Sn‐based 2D perovskite PEA2SnI4 films with tin fluoride (SnF2) additive are prepared in air using a nitrogen quenching hot casting method. The photodetectors with an optimal SnF2 concentration of 20% exhibit a fast response speed of 0.56 ms and an excellent specific detectivity of 6.32 × 1013 Jones, the best combination of THP‐based photodetectors reported hitherto. The SnF2 additive is found to suppress the formation of Sn vacancies and improve the crystallinity of PEA2SnI4 films. The work provides an air‐processing technology of Pb‐free perovskite, which is easy to commercialize, and SnF2 additive engineering offering an effective way to demonstrate high performance photodetectors and image recognition applications.
Multiple‐Resonance‐Type TADF Emitter as Sensitizer Improving the Performance of Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yaxiong , Guo Runda , Ying Ao , Di Kaiyuan , Chen Linya , Gu Honggang , Liu Shiyuan , Duan Yalei , Su Hanrui , Gong Shaolong , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the limitation of donor and acceptor group selection, the efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) type sensitizer used for blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is rare. Multiple resonance (MR) type TADF emitters can easily achieve efficient blue emission. And the compounds exhibit small Stokes shift and lower absorption energy under the same emission color compared with traditional TADF, mitigating the damage of high‐energy absorption of sensitizer on material stability. However, their characteristics as sensitizers have not been explored. In this work, a deep‐blue MR‐TADF compound (3tPAB) is selected as a sensitizer for both blue traditional fluorescence and MR‐TADF OLED. Given the improved photoluminescence quantum yield and the utilization of triplet excitons, the TADF‐sensitized fluorescent device using 3tPAB as sensitizer presents a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 14.4%, showing ≈2.4 times increase compared with the device without sensitizer. More impressively, TADF‐sensitized TADF (TST) device using 3tPAB as sensitizer and MR‐TADF compound PhDMAC‐BN as emitter exhibits EQEmax of 33.9%. And in TST device, efficient Förster energy transfer is demonstrated, thus, the device can maintain high color purity. The work first demonstrates the feasibility of MR‐TADF as a sensitizer and provides a new strategy for developing high‐performance blue OLED with high color purity.
2D MXene Additive‐Induced Treatment Enabling High‐Efficiency Indoor Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Kim Tae Hyuk , Ahn Hyungju , Park Na Won , Park JaeHong , Choi Hyosung , Shahzad Asif , Shim Jae Won 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe surge of Internet‐of‐everything applications over the past decade demands the adoption of novel material design and device engineering strategies for the development of state‐of‐the‐art organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in low‐light indoor environments. Owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties, two‐dimensional MXenes possess outstanding potential in this regard. Herein, an unprecedented indoor power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 33.8% under light‐emitting‐diode (LED) illumination (1000‐lx) is secured by additive‐induced treatment of MXene in polymer‐donor:non‐fullerene‐acceptor‐based organic photoactive layer. The remarkable indoor performance of MXene OPVs mainly originates from the enhanced absorption, compact molecular packing, and smooth surface morphology with a reduced number of grain boundaries in the photoactive layer, resulting in an improved fill factor and balanced charge transport and extraction characteristics with suppressed recombination, thereby producing an impressive indoor PCE. In addition, the presence of MXene in the photoactive layer facilitates polaron‐pair dissociation owing to improved free‐charge generation, leading to enhanced photoconductivity. This performance represents the highest PCE among the OPVs measured under indoor illumination. This work highlights the promising prospect of 2D MXene and its composites for indoor light energy harvesting applications.
An Update on Phosphine‐Imidazolin‐2‐Imine Iridium(I) Catalysts for Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Becker Daniel , Bockfeld Dirk , Tamm Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reaction of the bidentate P,N ligand [2‐(1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazolin‐2‐imino)phenyl]di‐tert‐butylphosphine (1) with [Ir(COD)Cl]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) followed by addition of sodium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, NaBArF24, or lithium tetrakis(nonafluoro‐tert‐butoxy)aluminate, Li[Al{OC(CF3)3}4], afforded the complexes [(1)Ir(COD)][BArF24] (2 a) and [(1)Ir(COD)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (2 b). Exposure of 2 b to one atmosphere of dihydrogen gas afforded the diiridium tetrahydride [(1)2Ir2H4][Al{OC(CF3)3}4]2 (3 b). The molecular structures of 2 a, 2 b, and 3 b were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. In the latter complex, the positions of the hydrogen atoms in the Ir2H4 core could be refined freely, which had previously proved impossible for the corresponding complex 3 a containing the BArF24 anion. Since 2 a is an established catalyst for ortho‐directed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), the performance of 2 a and 2 b in deuterium labelling reactions was compared for various substrates, including phenylacetic acid derivates and nitrogen‐containing aromatic compounds.magnified image
Kraft Lignin: From Pulping Waste to Bio‐Based Dielectric Polymer for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: D'Orsi Rosarita , Irimia Cristian Vlad , Lucejko Jeannette J. , Kahraman Bilge , Kanbur Yasin , Yumusak Cigdem , Bednorz Mateusz , Babudri Francesco , Irimia‐Vladu Mihai , Operamolla Alessandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLignin is an abundant biopolymer deriving from industrial pulping processes of lignocellulosic biomass. Despite the huge amount of yearly produced lignin waste, it finds scarce application as a fine material and is usually destined to be combusted in thermochemical plants to feed, with low efficiency, other industrial processes. So far, the use of lignin in materials science is limited by the scarce knowledge of its molecular structure and properties, depending also on its isolation method. However, lignin represents an intriguing feedstock of organic material. Here, the structural and chemical‐physical characteristics of two kraft lignins,L1andL2, are analyzed. First, several molecular characterization techniques, such as attenuated total reflectance ‐ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, gel permeation chromatography, evolved gas analysis‐mass spectrometry, UV–vis,31P‐ and13C‐ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are applied to get insights into their different structures and their degree of molecular degradation. Then, their efficient application as gate dielectric materials is demonstrated for organic field‐effect transistors, finding the increased capacity ofL1with respect toL2in triggering functional and efficient devices with both p‐type and n‐type organic semiconductor molecules.