bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized multicenter phase II trial of prophylactic irradiation of para‐aortic lymph nodes in advanced cervical cancer according to tumor hypoxia: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 07‐01) study
Authors: Yoon Meesun , Lee Hyo Kyung , Park Eun Young , Kim Jin Hee , Lee Jong Hoon , Kim Young Seok , Kim Hak Jae , Kim Hunjung , Yoo Chong Woo , Lee Sun , Hong Eun Kyung , Kim Tae Hyun , Kim Tae‐Sung , Seo Sang‐soo , Kang Sokbom , Chang Suk‐Joon , Shin Hye Jin , Uong Tung Nguyen Thanh , Lee Semin , Kim Joo‐Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe conducted a prospective phase II study on whether extended‐field irradiation (EFI) confers survival benefits depending on hypoxic markers in locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (LAUCC). RNA‐seq was performed to identify immune and hypoxic gene signatures. A total of 288 patients were randomized to either EFI or pelvic radiotherapy (PRT). All patients completed chemoradiotherapy. Overall, significantly higher 5‐year para‐aortic recurrence free survival (PARFS) rate occurred in EFI (97.6%) than in PRT group (87.2%), with marginal tendency to improve disease‐free survival (DFS; 78% vs 70%, P = .066). Subgroup analyses were performed based on carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)‐only positive, CA9/hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) double positive and CA9 negative. In the CA9‐only positive, EFI successfully increased 5‐year PARFS (100% vs 76.4%, P = .010), resulting in significantly improved long‐term DFS (85.7% vs 54.7%, P = .023) compared to the PRT, while there was no such benefit of EFI in the CA9/HIFs double positive. RNA‐seq analysis identified distinct immunehigh subgroup with negative correlation with hypoxia gene signatures (R = −.37, P < .01), which showed a higher 5‐year DFS than the immunelow (P = .032). Hypoxia‐related genes were upregulated in the CA9/HIFs double positive compared to CA9 negative (P < .05). Only 17.4% of patients in CA9‐negative group showed immunelow signatures, while 40.0% of patients in the double‐positive group exhibited immunelow signatures. In conclusion, EFI improved PARFS significantly in all patients, but therapeutic efficacy of EFI in terms of improved DFS was solely observed in CA9‐only positive LAUCC, and not in CA9/HIFs double‐positive subgroup. RNA‐seq analysis suggested that hypoxia‐induced immunosuppression may be related to treatment resistance in LAUCC.
Progressive dysbiosis of human orodigestive microbiota along the sequence of gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hao Yuhan , Karaoz Ulas , Yang Liying , Yachimski Patrick S. , Tseng Wenzhi , Nossa Carlos W. , Ye Weimin , Tseng Mengkao , Poles Michael , Francois Fritz , Traube Morris , Brown Stuart M. , Chen Yu , Torralba Manolito , Peek Richard M. , Brodie Eoin L. , Pei Zhiheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) has drastically increased in the United States since 1970s for unclear reasons. We hypothesized that the widespread usage of antibiotics has increased the procarcinogenic potential of the orodigestive microbiota along the sequence of gastroesophageal reflux (GR), Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EA phenotypes. This case control study included normal controls (NC) and three disease phenotypes GR, BE and EA. Microbiota in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach, and rectum were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, we discovered 44 significant pairwise differences in abundance of microbial taxa between the four phenotypes, with 12 differences in the mouth, 21 in the esophagus, two in the stomach, and nine in the rectum. Along the GR→BE→EA sequence, oral and esophageal microbiota were more diversified, the dominant genus Streptococcus was progressively depleted while six other genera Atopobium, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Ralstonia, Burkholderia and Lautropia progressively enriched. In NC, Streptococcus appeared to control populations of other genera in the foregut via numerous negative and positive connections, while in disease states, the rich network was markedly simplified. Inferred gene functional content showed a progressive enrichment through the stages of EA development in genes encoding antibiotic resistance, ligands of Toll‐like and NOD‐like receptors, nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway and acetaldehyde metabolism. The orodigestive microbiota is in a progressive dysbiotic state along the GR‐BE‐EA sequence. The increasing dysbiosis and antibiotic and procarcinogenic genes in the disease states warrants further study to define their roles in EA pathogenesis.
Pregnancy duration and ovarian cancer risk: A 50‐year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Husby Anders , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA woman's reproductive history is strongly associated with her risk of ovarian cancer. However, it is unclear how pregnancies of different duration impact a woman's ovarian cancer risk, and therefore, what part of a pregnancy explains the protective effect. Using a cohort of all Danish women followed from 1968 to 2018, with prospectively registered information on reproductive history (eg, gestational duration of pregnancies, tubal ligation and resection and hormonal pharmaceutical use), we investigated the effect of pregnancy duration on ovarian cancer risk. We adjusted for potential confounders, such as age at pregnancy and time since pregnancy, using log‐linear Poisson regression to isolate the effect of pregnancy duration on ovarian cancer risk. Among 2.5 million Danish women with 4.4 million pregnancies, a pregnancy was associated with a reduction of ovarian cancer risk of 21% (95% CI, 14%‐28%), 26% (95% CI, 21%‐31%), 12% (95% CI, 7%‐17%) and 3% (95% CI, −5% to 11%) compared to one less, for the first, second, third and fourth pregnancy, respectively (P < .001 for heterogeneity), with similar effects of induced abortions, spontaneous abortions and childbirths. Sensitivity analysis of age at pregnancy, time since pregnancy and other potential confounders did not change these findings. The reduced ovarian cancer risk associated with pregnancy is primarily driven by the first three pregnancies, with similar effects of induced abortion, spontaneous abortions and childbirth, suggesting that mainly exposure to early pregnancy factors, and not pregnancy duration, protect against ovarian cancer.
Methods of induction of labor after cesarean with no prior vaginal delivery—Perinatal outcomes
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Tsur Abraham , Burke Yechiel Z. , Meyer Raanan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between the method of induction of labor (IOL) and perinatal outcomes, among women undergoing labor after cesarean (LAC) with no prior vaginal delivery.MethodA retrospective study including all women with no prior vaginal delivery undergoing IOL for LAC between March 2011 and January 2021. Oxytocin administration following prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), oxytocin administration only, extra‐amniotic balloon, and amniotomy were compared.ResultsOverall, 363 women met the inclusion criteria: extra‐amniotic balloon (157, 43.3%), oxytocin following PROM (95, 26.2%), amniotomy (72, 19.8%), and oxytocin (39, 10.7%). LAC success rate did not differ among study groups (P = 0.114), varying between 62.1% and 79.5%. There were three uterine ruptures (0.8%) in the entire cohort. The rate of uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, and the composite of both were similar in all study groups. Neonatal outcomes did not differ between study groups, with composite adverse neonatal outcomes varying between 7.4% in the oxytocin following PROM to 1.9% in the extra‐amniotic balloon group (P = 0.141). The following factors were independently associated with LAC success: taller maternal height, lower body mass index, earlier gestational age, and epidural analgesia.ConclusionsAll examined IOL methods with an unfavorable cervix carried similar outcomes. The clinical practice should be individualized.
Recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after simultaneous radical nephrectomy and cadaver renal transplant
Authors: Inoue Shinya , Shioya Akihiro , Kunii Kenshirou , Suga Kodai , Morita Nobuyo , Chikazawa Ippei , Tanaka Tatsuro , Miyazawa Katsuhito 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionGenerally, renal transplantation is contraindicated in cancer patients, and a certain follow‐up period is required. We report a case of late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma in a patient who underwent simultaneous radical nephrectomy and cadaver renal transplantation due to renal cell carcinoma observed during renal transplantation after 12 years.Case presentationIncidental renal cell carcinoma was found in a 48‐year‐old man during kidney transplantation who subsequently underwent simultaneous cadaver kidney transplantation and radical nephrectomy. Twelve years after transplantation, he developed an anterior mediastinal tumor, a lung tumor which was resected and a right adrenal gland mass which was resected along with the right kidney. Currently, he is being treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors owing to the metastasis in the left adrenal gland.ConclusionIn patients with metastatic carcinoma undergoing renal transplant, the indications for surgical procedures and choice of immunosuppressants should be carefully considered.
SKMAT‐U‐Net architecture for breast mass segmentation
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S. R. , Rajaguru Harikumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeing a deadly disease, breast cancer provides higher global mortality among women. The challenge in employing ultrasound imaging for breast cancer diagnosis lies in the segmentation part. Thus, the work intends to segment the breast cancer ultrasound images using the deep learning approach. The U‐shaped convolution neural network, U‐Net, has become popular and efficient for biomedical image segmentation. Specifically, the paper proposes an improved version, SKMAT‐U‐Net, where a selective kernel (SK) utilizes an attention mechanism to adjust the receptive fields of the network and combine feature maps extricated with dilated and standard convolution operations. Next, based on the conventional cross‐entropy loss function, four attention loss functions are integrated to form the Mixed Attention Loss Function (MAT) based U‐Net. Thus, the SKMAT‐U‐Net model is proposed to segment the lesions effectively in breast ultrasound images. The results obtained indicated that the proposed U‐Net model provides a better Dice score (0.929) than others.
Microscopic investigations of Ocotea paranaensis―A Brazilian endemic and endangered species
Authors: Gribner Caroline , Barbosa Vanessa , Monteiro Luciane Mendes , Swiech Juliane Nadal Dias , Raman Vijayasankar , Manfron Jane , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Montrucchio Deise Prehs , de Fátima Gaspari Dias Josiane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article describes the morpho‐anatomies of the leaves and stems of Ocotea paranaensis Brotto, Baitello, Cervi & Santos (Lauraceae) using light and scanning electron microscopy. The main anatomical features characterizing the species are the presence of simple non‐glandular trichomes in the leaves and stems, large secretory cells in the leaves, flat‐convex petioles with two small lateral ribs, brachysclereids in the stem cortex and pith, and the presence of starch grains and various types of calcium oxalate crystals in the pith. Histochemical tests indicated the presence of lignin in stone cells, fibers, and xylem. Lipophilic contents were found in the secretory cells. Phenolic compounds were detected in the epidermis, hypodermis, phloem, and xylem. The present study's findings can contribute to the taxonomy and authentication of O. paranaensis.Research highlights
This article is the first morpho‐anatomical study of Ocotea paranaensis.
Anatomy and histochemistry of the leaves and stems were studied by light microscopy, FESEM and EDS.
The findings of this study would aid in the species identification and taxonomy.
Formation potential and source contribution of secondary organic aerosol from volatile organic compounds
Authors: Jookjantra Peemapat , Thepanondh Sarawut , Keawboonchu Jutarat , Kultan Vanitchaya , Laowagul Wanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA), a key constituent of fine particulate matter, can be formed through the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, information on its relevant emission sources remains limited in many cities, especially concerning different types of land use. In this study, VOC concentration in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, was continuously collected for 24 h by 6‐L evacuated canister and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry following USEPA TO15, and the formation of SOA was evaluated through the comprehensive direct measurements and speciation of ambient VOCs. Finally, source contribution of VOCs to SOA formation was characterized using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. The results revealed the abundant group of VOCs species in the overall BMR was oxygenated VOCs, accounting for 49.97–57.37%. The SOA formation potential (SOAP) ranged from 1,134.33 to 3,143.74 μg m−3. The VOC species contributing to the highest SOAP was toluene. Results from the PMF model revealed the dominant emission source of VOCs that greatly contributed to SOA was vehicle exhaust emission. Industrial combustion was the main source of VOC emission contributing to SOA in industrial areas. Sources of fuel evaporation, biomass burning, and cooking were also found in the study areas but in small quantities. The results of this study elucidated that different emission sources of VOCs contribute to SOA with respect to different types of land use. Findings of this study highlight the necessity to identify the contribution of potential emission sources of SOA precursors to effectively manage urban air pollution.
Figures do matter: A literature review of 4587 robotic pancreatic resections and their implications on training
Authors: Levi Sandri Giovanni B. , Abu Hilal Mohammed , Dokmak Safi , Edwin Bjørn , Hackert Thilo , Keck Tobias , Khatkov Igor , Besselink Marc G. , Boggi Ugo ,   for the E‐AHPBA Innovation & Development Committee
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of robotic assistance in minimally invasive pancreatic resection is quickly growing.MethodsWe present a systematic review of the literature regarding all types of robotic pancreatic resection (RPR). Our aim is to show for which procedures there is enough experience to permit safe training and provide an estimation of how many centers could serve as teaching institutions.ResultsSixty‐four studies reporting on 4587 RPRs were analyzed. A total of 2598 pancreatoduodenectomies (PD) were reported by 28 centers from Europe (6/28; 21.4%), the Americas (11/28; 39.3%), and Asia (11/28; 39.3%). Six studies reported >100 robot PD (1694/2598; 65.2%). A total of 1618 distal pancreatectomies (DP) were reported by 29 centers from Europe (10/29; 34.5%), the Americas (10/29; 34.5%), and Asia (9/29; 31%). Five studies reported >100 robotic DP (748/1618; 46.2%). A total of 154 central pancreatectomies were reported by six centers from Europe (1/6; 16.7%), the Americas (2/6; 33.3%), and Asia (3/6; 50%). Only 49 total pancreatectomies were reported. Finally, 168 enucleations were reported in seven studies (with a mean of 15.4 cases per study). A single center reported on 60 enucleations (35.7%). Results of each type of robotic procedure are also presented.ConclusionsExperience with RPR is still quite limited. Despite high case volume not being sufficient to warrant optimal training opportunities, it is certainly a key component of every successful training program and is a major criterion for fellowship accreditation. From this review, it appears that only PD and DP can currently be taught at few institutions worldwide.
Recurrent metabolic alkalosis following ketone body treatment of adult mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: A case report
Authors: Stolwijk Nina N. , Langeveld Mirjam , Jacobs Bart A. W. , Vogt Liffert , Haverkamp Jorien A. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Hollak Carla E. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies have reported the potential for the therapeutic use of ketones in the form of ketone salts (KSs) in pediatric patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs). We report a case of ketone salt administration in an adult patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD), an ultra‐rare inborn error of the fatty acid metabolism. This patient was treated with oral KSs during an episode of sepsis of unknown origin. Before KS supplementation was initiated, he had developed severe rhabdomyolysis as well as a respiratory insufficiency that did not respond to emergency treatment aimed at stabilizing the metabolic decompensation by promoting anabolism. Therefore, KS supplementation was attempted twice to support his energy production and help regain metabolic stability. In both instances, KS supplementation led to a considerable metabolic alkalosis, which prompted its discontinuation. This adverse event could have been caused by an increase in extracellular sodium load due to KS administration. Therefore, the clinical applicability of KSs in adults may be limited. Alternative chemical forms of beta‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB), such as ketone esters, might provide a more acceptable safety profile for future research into the therapeutic benefits of ketone body supplementation in adult patients with FAODs.
Impaired serological response to COVID‐19 vaccination following anticancer therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Kefu , Wei Zhiying , Wu Xi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOwing to the high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related morbidity and fatality rate among patients with cancer, the introduction of COVID‐19 vaccines is of profound significance in this fragile population. Accumulating data suggested that oncologic patients, especially those with anticancer therapy have an impaired immune response to COVID‐19 vaccination. However, the exact effect of anticancer treatments on postvaccination response has not been elucidated yet. We, therefore, conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the impact of treatments on response to COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with cancer. A total of 39 studies were finally included comprising 11 075 oncologic patients. Overall, we found the humoral response was significantly decreased in patients undergoing anticancer treatments (odds ratio [OR] = 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–3.18) compared with those without active treatment. The seroconversion rates were significantly lower in patients with chemotherapy (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.28–4.05), targeted therapy (OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.18–7.01) and steroid usage (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.57–3.07), while there was no significant association between immunotherapy or hormonal therapy and seroconversion after vaccination. Subgroup analyses showed therapies with anti‐CD20 antibody (OR = 11.28, 95% CI: 6.40–19.90), B‐cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor (OR = 5.76, 95% CI: 3.64–9.10), and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (OR = 6.86, 95% CI: 4.23–11.15) were significantly correlated with the risk of negative humoral response to vaccination. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that specific oncologic therapies may significantly affect serological response to COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with cancer. Thus, an adapted vaccination strategy taking the influence of active treatment into account is in need, and further research on the effect of the third dose of vaccine and the role of postvaccination cellular response in oncologic patients is also needed.
Instrumental and sensory analyses of fruit quality attributes of grafted grape tomatoes in high tunnel organic production systems
Authors: Gong Tian , Zhang Xuelian , Brecht Jeffrey K. , Serrano Tamara , Sims Charles A. , Colee James , Zhao Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Vegetative’ and ‘generative’ tomato rootstock types have been proposed based on their different effects on tomato scion growth performance; however, their impacts on fruit quality have not been characterized. No study has been conducted in which the effects of rootstock on grape tomato quality attributes were assessed using sensory and instrumental methods of evaluation. Here, we conducted two experiments to examine the influence of ‘DR0141TX’, ‘Estamino’, and ‘Multifort’ rootstocks (vegetative, generative, and uncharacterized, respectively) on fruit quality properties of determinate and indeterminate grape tomato scions under organic production in high tunnels, including color, size, firmness, dry matter content, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and consumer sensory attributes.RESULTSIn both experiments, grafting ‘Sweet Hearts’ indeterminate grape tomato onto ‘DR0141TX’, ‘Estamino’, or ‘Multifort’ increased fruit size and led to negligible effects on sensory attributes and instrumental measurements of fruit quality attributes. For ‘BHN 1022’ determinate grape tomato, rootstocks did not exhibit any major impact on fruit quality attributes in Experiment 1. However, fruit quality was compromised by grafting per se and rootstocks, especially ‘Multifort’, in Experiment 2, as reflected by reduced SSC, TA, and SSC/TA and lower scores for overall appearance, overall acceptability, tomato flavor, overall texture, and sweetness.CONCLUSIONIn general, ‘vegetative’ and ‘generative’ rootstocks showed comparable effects on sensory evaluations and instrumental measurements of grape tomato quality attributes for both indeterminate and determinate scions. More research is needed to better characterize rootstock effects on fruit quality, including the flavor‐related compounds under different growing conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of desertification and its driving mechanism in Hexi region
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guan Qingyu , Du Qinqin , Ni Fei , Mi Jimin , Luo Haiping , Shao Wenyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvestigating the spatio‐temporal patterns of desertification and its driving mechanisms is crucial for efforts to improve the ecology and environment and combat desertification. Based on meteorological and satellite remote sensing data, this paper analyzed the dynamic characteristics of desertification in the Hexi region of arid and semiarid land in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 using a dimidiate pixel model; revealed the relationship between desertification evolution characteristics and climatic variations and anthropogenic events based on the change characteristics of net primary productivity (NPP); and then clarified the response of desertification to climatic variations and anthropogenic events using a geodetector model. Outcomes show that: (1) overall desertification in Hexi region is at a serious level, but during the study period, severe desertification decreased, mainly concentrated in the east and southwest, and non‐desertification increased, mainly near the Qilian Mountains and Shule River basin; (2) there were both spatial and temporal dynamics during the study period, with severe desertification decreasing by 11% and moderate, light, and non‐desertification increasing by 3%, 5%, and 3% respectively; (3) during 2000–2005, human activities, climate change, and their joint contribution to desertification reversal were similar, i.e., 23%, 40%, and 36%, and the former two contributed equally to desertification expansion, 38% and 41%, respectively; climate change predominated in desertification reversal in 2005–2010 and 2015–2018, while human activities predominated in desertification expansion; human activities predominated in desertification reversal and climate change predominated in desertification expansion in 2010–2015. This research can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for ecological and environmental management and sustainable socio‐economic development in arid and semiarid regions.