bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aboveground carbon accumulation by second‐growth forests after deforestation in Hawai'i
Authors: Hughes Richard Flint , Grossman Dennis , Sowards Travis G. , Marshall Jonathan D. , Mueller‐Dombois Dieter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuccessional processes ultimately determine and define carbon accumulations in forested ecosystems. Although primary succession on wholly new substrate occurs across the globe, secondary succession, often following storm events or anthropogenic disturbance, is more common and is capable of globally significant accumulations of carbon (C) at a time when offsets to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are critically needed. In Hawai'i, prior studies have investigated ecosystem development during primary succession on lava flows, including estimates of C mass accumulation. Yet relatively little is known regarding secondary succession of Hawaii's native forests, particularly regarding C mass accumulation. Here we documented aboveground C mass accumulation by native‐ and nonnative‐dominated second‐growth forests following deforestation of mature native lowland rainforests in the Puna District of Hawai'i Island. We characterized species composition and stand structure of three distinct successional forest stand types: those dominated by the native tree, Metrosideros polymorpha (ʻŌhiʻa), and those dominated by invasive nonnative trees, Falcataria moluccana (albizia) and Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava). We compared M. polymorpha‐dominated and F. moluccana‐dominated second‐growth forests to adjacent mature M. polymorpha‐dominated forests as well as young M. polymorpha‐dominated forests undergoing initial stages of primary succession on 36‐years‐old lava fields. Aboveground carbon density (ACD) values of mature primary forest stands (171 Mg/ha) were comparable to those of mature continental tropical forests. M. polymorpha‐dominated second‐growth stands attained nearly 50% of ACD values of mature primary forests after less than 30 years of post‐disturbance succession and exhibited aboveground carbon accumulation rates of ~3 Mg C·ha−1·year−1. Such rates were comparable to those of second‐growth forests in continental tropics. Rates of ACD accumulation by second‐growth forests dominated by nonnative F. moluccana stands were similar, or slightly greater than, those of M. polymorpha‐dominated stands. However, M. polymorpha individuals were virtually absent from stands dominated by either P. cattleianum or F. moluccana. Taken together, results demonstrated that re‐establishment and rapid accumulation of C mass by M. polymorpha stands during secondary succession is certainly possible, but only where populations of nonnative species have not already colonized areas during early stages of secondary succession.
Establishing a chromatographic fingerprint using tandem UV/charged aerosol detection and similarity analysis for Shengmai capsule: A novel method for natural product quality control
Authors: Wu Linlin , Gong Xingchu , Pan Jianyang , Qu Haibin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionShengmai San, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat coronary heart diseases and myocardial infarction. The complex composition and complicated mechanism of the Shengmai preparations bring a significant challenge in the development of a suitable quality control method.ObjectivesThis work aims to establish a chromatographic fingerprinting method and propose a weighting algorithm for application in fingerprint similarity analysis to ensure consistent quality of the Shengmai capsule.MethodologyA chromatographic fingerprint method was established using tandem UV/charged aerosol detection (CAD) for Shengmai capsule quality control. After method verification, the developed method was applied to analyze 15 batches of the samples. Then a weighting algorithm of the fingerprint peak was proposed and used for the fingerprint similarity analysis.ResultsAn HPLC‐UV/CAD fingerprint method was successfully developed for the Shengmai capsules. Chromatographic conditions of the HPLC‐UV/CAD method were optimized with a definitive screening design, and the optimized ranges of operating parameters were obtained with a Monte Carlo simulation method. The combined use of the proposed weighting algorithm and similarity analysis on fingerprint data improves the sensitivity of distinguishing batch‐to‐batch quality differences.ConclusionThe developed HPLC‐UV/CAD fingerprint method is robust, reliable, and efficient. The proposed weighting algorithm combined with similarity analysis is promising and meaningful for the quality consistency assessment of HPLC‐UV/CAD fingerprints.
Incremental Kriging based online robust parameter design
Authors: Zhou Xiaojian , Wang Leyan , Jiang Ting , Zhou Zihan , Hu Xuelong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional robust parameter design (RPD) is a useful tool for offline quality improvement, which is mainly applied to physical experiment. If the optimal setting for controllable factors is not desirable, the offline PRD cannot utilize the new‐obtained sample to update the optimal setting. In this paper, the offline RPD is extended to online PRD; and the background for RPD is enlarged from physical experiment to computer experiment, where the Kriging model is typically utilized to create a single response surface. In the process of building the incremental Kriging (IKriging), if the optimal setting is not desirable, it can be regarded as a new‐arrival sample with the online measurements of the noise factors to update the Kriging model. While constructing the response surface with the IKriging, it is updated according to the new‐arrival sample rather than the all (n+1) samples, substantially enhancing the efficiency of constructing the response surface. In the proposed IKriging based online RPD strategy, an appropriate algorithm is designed to numerically get the next optimal setting for the controllable factors, and a criterion is established to determine the next site for the noise factors to observe the response. By employing the IKriging model, the response surface can be online constructed efficiently, and furthermore the optimal setting for the controllable factor can be obtained immediately, meeting the requirement of online quality adjustment. The proposed methodology is confirmed using five examples, which illustrate that the underlying optimal settings can be found by utilizing the proposed IKriging based online RPD strategy for the computer experiment, and the IKriging based RPD method is preferable to existing online robust design methods.
Mechanical power of ventilation is associated with mortality in neurocritical patients: a cohort study
Authors: Jiang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yanhong , Zhen Shuai , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the predictive relevance of mechanical power in the clinical outcomes (such as ICU mortality, hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, length of ICU stay, and number of ventilator-free days at day 28) of neurocritical patients. This is a retrospective cohort analysis of an open-access clinical database known as MIMIC–III. The study included patients who had sustained an acute brain injury and required invasive ventilation for at least 24 h. Demographic parameters, disease severity scores (Glasgow coma scale), comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory parameters and ventilator parameters were collected within the first 24 h of ICU admission. The main outcome was the relationship between MP and ICU mortality. A total of 529 patients were selected for the study. The critical value of MP was 12.16 J/min, with the area under the curve (AUC) of the MP was 0.678 (95% CI 0.637–0.718), and compared to the GCS scores, the MP performed significantly better in discrimination (DeLong’s test: p < 0.001). Among these patients elevated MP was associated to higher ICU mortality (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.06–1.17; p < 0.001), enhanced the risk of hospital mortality, prolonged ICU stay, and decreased the number of ventilator-free days. In the subgroup analysis, high MP was associated with ICU mortality regardless of ARDS (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, p = 0.009; OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, p = 0.018, respectively) or obesity (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, p = 0.012; OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, p < 0.001, respectively). In neurocritical care patients undergoing invasive ventilation, elevated MP is linked to higher ICU mortality and a variety of other clinical outcomes.
Parties and their environmental problem perceptions—Towards a more fundamental understanding of party positions in environmental politics
Authors: Pollex Jan , Berker Lars E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch on party differences in environmental policy, so far, has developed ambiguous results. While we, generally, assume parties to make a difference in policy-making, some scholars point to party indifferences in environmental issues. Thus, whether and how parties take different positions on the issue and whether their positions impact environmental policy output and outcome is still up for debate. To further our knowledge of party positions in this area, we propose to include parties’ perceptions of environmental problems when analysing their general stances. Based on pertinent policy analysis literature, we differentiate seven dimensions of environmental problems and develop an approach that we apply to party manifestos. By analysing the platforms of 20 parties from three European countries, we illustrate its potential contributions to established measurements based on CHES and CMP data. The analysis indicates that parties differ considerably concerning their problem perception ranging from simple to holistic views on environmental policy. Importantly, we can highlight some differences between parties otherwise omitted in existing measurements. Overall, our inquiry shows that some parties, e.g., Green parties, coherently show a holistic problem perception while others, e.g., Liberals, differ considerably, casting doubt on the assumption of clear-cut party family positions.
A survey on semantic question answering systems
Authors: Antoniou Christina , Bassiliades Nick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, many question answering systems that derive answers from linked data repositories have been developed. The purpose of this survey is to identify the common features and approaches of the semantic question answering (SQA) systems, although many different and prototype systems have been designed. The SQA systems use a formal query language like SPARQL and knowledge of a specific vocabulary. This paper analyses different frameworks, architectures, or systems that perform SQA and classifies SQA systems based on different criteria.
Nanoscale mapping of optically inaccessible bound-states-in-the-continuum
Authors: Dong Zhaogang , Mahfoud Zackaria , Paniagua-Domínguez Ramón , Wang Hongtao , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , Gorelik Sergey , Ha Son Tung , Tjiptoharsono Febiana , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Bosman Michel , Yang Joel K. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBound-states-in-the-continuum (BIC) is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications, such as hyperspectral imaging, mirror-less lasing, and nonlinear harmonic generation. As true BIC modes are non-radiative, they cannot be excited by using propagating light to investigate their optical characteristics. In this paper, for the 1st time, we map out the strong near-field localization of the true BIC resonance on arrays of silicon nanoantennas, via electron energy loss spectroscopy with a sub-1-nm electron beam. By systematically breaking the designed antenna symmetry, emissive quasi-BIC resonances become visible. This gives a unique experimental tool to determine the coherent interaction length, which we show to require at least six neighboring antenna elements. More importantly, we demonstrate that quasi-BIC resonances are able to enhance localized light emission via the Purcell effect by at least 60 times, as compared to unpatterned silicon. This work is expected to enable practical applications of designed, ultra-compact BIC antennas such as for the controlled, localized excitation of quantum emitters.
Implementation of the visual aesthetic quality of slope forest autumn color change into the configuration of tree species
Authors: Mu Yanxia , Lin Wenyue , Diao Xiuli , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jin , Lu Zijing , Guo Wencheng , Wang Yu , Hu Chunxiang , Zhao Changyou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban expansion leads to changes in the visual aesthetic quality and ecological degradation of the surrounding slope forest landscapes. Color is a crucial visual element to examine when viewing this large-scale slope forest landscape from a long distance. This is particularly true for the autumn color of slope forest, which is very attractive to the public. An exploration of the relationship between the change in color of a natural slope forest and its visual aesthetic quality enables the implementation of the configuration of superior aesthetic tree species. Therefore, it can provide aesthetic rules and a reference to configure local tree species to support their visual aesthetic quality, ecological sustainability and native biodiversity restoration in a local urban slope forest. However, such research is critically lacking. This study investigated the visual aesthetic quality of the color dynamics of a natural slope forest in Jiaozi Mountain, China in the autumn. We analyzed both the composition of tree species and the changes in color for each species of tree in nine forest sites that exhibited superior visual aesthetic quality. The results showed that the forests with superior visual aesthetic quality were more green, red, and yellow, had moderately higher saturation and value, more obvious color contrast, and diverse colors with primary and secondary contrast. Diverse and balanced color patches or a dominant color patch contrasted by many small patches with interspersed color components also highlighted the superior visual aesthetic quality of slope forest features. Different combinations of color features can result in high visual aesthetic quality. The 84 tree species in the superior visual aesthetic quality forests primarily displayed 10 types of color changes that varied as green, yellow, blue, red, withered yellow, withered red and gray.
Association between diabetes and food insecurity in an urban setting in Angola: a case–control study
Authors: Robbiati Claudia , Armando António , da Conceição Natália , Putoto Giovanni , Cavallin Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes is common in urban settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. Household food insecurity has been suggested to increase the chance of developing diabetes among adults. The relationship between diabetes and food insecurity has not been explored in Angolan urban settings so far. This case–control (1:2) study investigated the association between diabetes and food insecurity among adults attending six healthcare facilities in Luanda (Angola) between April 2019 and September 2019. All subjects with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels ≥ 126 mg/dl were included as cases. For each case, the next two subjects with FBG levels < 110 mg/dl were included as controls, to warrant the achievement of the set 1:2 ratio. Food insecurity was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). A total of 663 participants (221 cases and 442 controls) were enrolled in the study. Median FIES raw score was 7 (IQR 1–8) in cases and 5 (IQR 2–8) in controls (p = 0.09). The distribution of FIES levels (0–3; 4–6; 7–8) was different between cases and controls (p < 0.0001), with highest FIES scores (7–8) recorded in 53.0% of cases and 38.2% of controls. Our findings revealed an association between diabetes and severe food insecurity among adults attending healthcare facilities in the capital city of Angola.
Log interpretation method of resistivity low-contrast oil pays in Chang 8 tight sandstone of Huanxian area, Ordos Basin by support vector machine
Authors: Bai Ze , Tan Maojin , Shi Yujiang , Guan Xingning , Wu Haibo , Huang Yanhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResistivity low-contrast oil pays are a kind of unconventional oil resource with no obvious difference in physical and electrical properties from water layers, which makes it difficult to be identified based on the characteristics of the geophysical well logging response. In this study, the support vector machine (SVM) technology was used to interpret the resistivity low-contrast oil pays in Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir of Huanxian area, Ordos Basin. First, the input data sequences of logging curves were selected by analyzing the relationship between reservoir fluid types and logging data. Then, the SVM classification model for fluid identification and SVR regression model for reservoir parameter prediction were constructed. Finally, these two models were applied to interpret the resistivity low-contrast oil pays in the study area. The application results show that the fluid recognition accuracy of the SVM classification model is higher than that of the logging cross plot method, back propagation neural network method and radial basis function neural network method. The calculation accuracy of permeability and water saturation predicted by the SVR regression model is higher than that based on the experimental fitting model, which indicates that it is feasible to carry out logging interpretation and evaluation of the resistivity low-contrast oil pays by the SVM method. The research results not only provide an important reference and basis for the review of old wells but also provide technical support for the exploration and development of new strata.
State social distancing restrictions and nursing home outcomes
Authors: Li Yue , Cheng Zijing , Cai Xueya , Mao Yunjiao , Temkin-Greener Helena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 poses a disproportionate threat to nursing home residents. Although recent studies suggested the effectiveness of state social distancing measures in the United States on curbing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among the general population, there is a lack of evidence as to how these state orders may have affected nursing home patients or what potential negative health consequences they may have had. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated changes in state strength of social distancing restrictions from June to August of 2020, and their associations with the weekly numbers of new COVID-19 cases, new COVID-19 deaths, and new non-COVID-19 deaths in nursing homes of the US. We found that stronger state social distancing measures were associated with improved COVID-19 outcomes (case and death rates), reduced across-facility disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, and somewhat increased non-COVID-19 death rate, although the estimates for non-COVID-19 deaths were sensitive to alternative model specifications.
Manipulation of Majorana bound states in proximity to a quantum ring with Rashba coupling
Authors: Medina Fabián Gonzalo , Martínez Dunkan , Díaz-Fernández Álvaro , Domínguez-Adame Francisco , Rosales Luis , Orellana Pedro A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe quest for Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is an active field of research in condensed matter physics. In this regard, there have been many theoretical proposals; however, their experimental detection remains elusive. In this article, we present a realistic setting by considering a quantum ring with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and threaded by a magnetic flux, in contact with a topological superconducting nanowire. We focus on spin-polarized persistent currents to assess the existence of Majorana zero modes. We find that the Rashba spin-orbit coupling allows for tuning the position of the zero energy crossings in the flux parameter space and has sizable effects on spin-polarized persistent currents. We believe that our results will contribute towards probing the existence of Majorana zero modes.
Taxonomic, structural diversity and carbon stocks in a gradient of island forests
Authors: Borges Silva Lurdes C. , Pavão Diogo C. , Elias Rui B. , Moura Mónica , Ventura Maria A. , Silva Luís 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAssessment of forest ecosystems and their services is seen as a key action for the advancement of biodiversity objectives, and to inform the development and implementation of related policies and planning. The Azorean forest is important for timber production, the protection of soil and water resources, and for its recreational and aesthetic value. However, its role in carbon accumulation has not been fully addressed. We assessed plant diversity, forest structure and carbon stocks in a gradient of three forest types (Natural Forest-NF; Exotic Woodland-EW and Production Forest-PF) in three of the Azores islands. We used biodiversity indices and found that NF harbored the highest plant diversity levels and PF the lowest. Diversity levels were lower for structural than for taxonomic data, particularly for PF. The highest tree carbon stock was found at EW in one of the islands, while PF consistently exhibited relatively high tree carbon stocks in the three islands. The largest soil carbon stocks were found at EW, while leaf litter carbon stocks were higher at PF. We concluded that NF play a fundamental role as plant diversity hotspots but have lower relevance as carbon stocks what might be associated with montane environmental conditions. PFs provide economic assets and act as carbon sinks, while EWs play a major role as carbon sinks in soil, but also at tree level in the oldest forests.
Dynamic monitoring of vital functions and tissue re-organization in Saturnia pavonia (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) during final metamorphosis by non-invasive MRI
Authors: Laussmann Tim , Urspruch Paul , Flocke Vera , Windfelder Anton G. , Aberle Hermann , Lunau Klaus , Flögel Ulrich 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the key whole-body imaging technology for observing processes within a living object providing excellent resolution and contrast between soft tissues. In the present work, we exploited the non-destructive properties of MRI to track longitudinally the dynamic changes that take place in developing pupae of the Emperor Moth (Saturnia pavonia) during the last days before eclosion. While in diapause pupae, body fluid was almost homogeneously distributed over the internal compartments, as soon as wings, legs, flight muscles and the head region were fully developed, a significant redistribution of water levels occurred between thoracic and abdominal regions. During the last two days before eclosion, the developing moths transferred substantial amounts of liquid into the gut and the labial gland, and in case of females, into developing eggs. Concomitantly, the volume of the air sacs increased drastically and their expansion/compression became clearly visible in time-resolved MR images. Furthermore, besides ventilation of the tracheal system, air sacs are likely to serve as volume reservoir for liquid transfer during development of the moths inside their pupal case. In parallel, we were able to monitor noninvasively lipid consumption, cardiac activity and haemolymph circulation during final metamorphosis.