bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of massive hemopericardium in the electrophysiology laboratory: The double long sheath technique
Authors: Chokr Muhieddine Omar , Santos Italo Bruno dos Santos Sousa , Gouvea Fabio Cesar , Kulchetscki Rodrigo , Andere Tamer El , Hardy Carina , Pisani Cristiano , Melo Sissy , Scanavacca Mauricio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo describe a simple and useful technique for acute management of massive hemopericardium inside the Electrophysiology (EP) laboratoryMethods and resultsFive patients from a single center experience were identified, all with blood loss above 1000 ml after initial pericardiocenthesis. Using two long 8.5 F transseptal sheaths inside the pericardium space, with continuous negative pressure, allowed the complete cessation of bleeding or hemodynamic maintenance until definitive surgical repair in all patientsConclusionThe use of two long sheaths for blood drainage, instead of conventional pericardiocenthesis, might be helpful to manage massive hemopericardium inside EP lab, avoiding urgent cardiac surgery or maintaining clinical stability until surgical staff is available.
Impact of baseline left ventricular ejection fraction on long‐term outcomes in cardiac contractility modulation therapy
Authors: Yücel Gökhan , Fastner Christian , Hetjens Svetlana , Toepel Matthias , Schmiel Gereon , Yazdani Babak , Husain‐Syed Faeq , Liebe Volker , Rudic Boris , Akin Ibrahim , Borggrefe Martin , Kuschyk Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac contractility modulation (CCM), being reserved for patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) and narrow QRS complex under guideline directed medical therapy, can recover initially reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); however, the influence of pre‐implantation LVEF on long‐term outcomes is not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the effects of lower and higher preimplantation LVEF on long‐term outcomes in CCM‐therapy.MethodsOne‐hundred seventy‐two patients from our single‐centre registry were retrospectively included (2002–2019). Follow‐up data were collected up to 5 years after implantation. Patients were divided into Group 1 (baseline LVEF≤ 30%) and Group 2 (≥ 31%). Both groups were compared based on differences in survival, echocardiographic‐ and clinical parameters including LVEF, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), NYHA class or Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire‐score (MLWHFQ).Results11% of the patients did have a LVEF ≥31%. Mean LVEF ± SD for both groups were 21.98 ± 5.4 versus 35.2 ± 3.7%, respectively. MLWHFQ (47 ± 21.2 vs. 42±21.4) and mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2, 13.6 ± 4.1 vs. 12.7 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min) were comparable between both groups. LVEF‐grouping did not influence survival. Lower baseline LVEF resulted in significantly better recovery of echocardiographic parameters such as LVEF and TAPSE. Irrespective from baseline LVEF, both groups showed nearly comparable improvements for clinical parameters like NYHA‐class and MLWHFQ.ConclusionLong‐term biventricular systolic recovery potential in CCM‐therapy might be better for preimplantation LVEF values ≤30%, whereas clinical parameters such as NYHA‐class can improve irrespective from baseline LVEF.
Long‐term cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients: Effects on mineral metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac parameters
Authors: Matias Patrícia João , Laranjinha Ivo , Ávila Gonçalo , Azevedo Ana , Jorge Cristina , Ferreira Carina , Aires Inês , Amaral Tiago , Gil Célia , Ferreira Aníbal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are frequent in chronic kidney disease and are associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this 5‐year prospective study was to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on mineral metabolism, inflammation and cardiac parameters in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThe study included 97 patients. Cholecalciferol was given after HD according to 25(OH)D baseline levels measured twice (end of winter and of summer). The 25(OH)D levels, circulating bone metabolism, inflammation parameters, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), pulse pressure (PP), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were evaluated before and after supplementation.ResultsThere was a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels after supplementation (p < 0.001); however, serum calcium (p = 0.02), phosphorus (p = 0.018), and iPTH (p = 0.03) were decreased. Magnesium levels increased during the study (p = 0.03). A reduction in the number of patients under active vitamin D (p < 0.001) and in the dose and number of patients treated with darbepoetin (p = 0.02) was observed. Serum albumin increased (p < 0.001), and C‐reactive protein decreased (p = 0.01). BNP (p < 0.001), PP (p = 0.007), and LVMI (p = 0.02) were significantly reduced after supplementation.ConclusionsLong‐term cholecalciferol supplementation allowed correction of 25(OH)D deficiency, improved mineral metabolism with less use of active vitamin D, attenuated inflammation, reduced the dose of the erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent, and improved cardiac dysfunction.
Determining subgroups that exist among US firearm owners
Authors: Bond Allison E. , Bandel Shelby L. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and verify classes of firearm owners that exist within the United States and determine the sources that classes deemed credible to discuss firearm safety for suicide prevention.MethodsThe study is composed of two parts. Part 1 (N = 1018) utilizes a nationally representative sample of firearm owners. Part 2 (N = 1064) consists of firearm owners from Mississippi, Minnesota, and New Jersey.ResultsFour unique classes were identified in Sample 1: multiple firearms class, single handgun class, few firearms class, and long‐gun class. A three‐class solution was found for sample 2. Two of the classes from sample 1 replicated: multiple firearms class and single handgun class. Although many of the classes differed in the ranking of credible sources, a combination of The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, law enforcement officers, and family members was ranked as credible sources among all classes.ConclusionsFindings provide evidence of the heterogenous nature of firearm owners and can be utilized to better understand the subgroups of firearm owners. Additionally, the findings from the credible sources analyses can be leveraged to create more effective safe firearm storage messaging which may increase adherence with safe storage suggestions and ultimately reduce suicide rates.
Rethinking Rationality
Authors: Pothos Emmanuel M. , Pleskac Timothy J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe seek to understand rational decision making and if it exists whether finite (bounded) agents may be able to achieve its principles. This aim has been a singular objective throughout much of human science and philosophy, with early discussions identified since antiquity. More recently, there has been a thriving debate based on differing perspectives on rationality, including adaptive heuristics, Bayesian theory, quantum theory, resource rationality, and probabilistic language of thought. Are these perspectives on rationality mutually exclusive? Are they all needed? Do they undermine an aim to have rational standards in decision situations like politics, medicine, legal proceedings, and others, where there is an expectation and need for decision making as close to “optimal” as possible? This special issue brings together representative contributions from the currently predominant views on rationality, with a view to evaluate progress on these and related questions.
CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTOR 2 is involved in modulating the salt stress response
Authors: Keshishian Erika A. , Cliver Brannan R. , McLaughlin William F. , Hallmark H. Tucker , Plačková Lenka , Goertzen Leslie R. , Novák Ondřej , Cobine Paul A. , Leisner Courtney P. , Rashotte Aaron M. 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYCytokinin has strong connections to development and a growing role in the abiotic stress response. Here we show that CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (CRF2) is additionally involved in the salt (NaCl) stress response. CRF2 promoter‐GUS expression indicates CRF2 involvement in the response to salt stress as well as the previously known cytokinin response. Interestingly, CRF2 mutant seedlings are quite similar to the wild type (WT) under non‐stressed conditions yet have many distinct changes in response to salt stress. Cytokinin levels measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) that increased in the WT after salt stress are decreased in crf2, potentially from CRF2 regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis genes. Ion content measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) was increased in the WT for Na, K, Mn, Ca and Mg after salt stress, whereas the corresponding Ca and Mg increases are lacking in crf2. Many genes examined by RNA‐seq analysis were altered transcriptionally by salt stress in both the WT and crf2, yet interestingly approximately one‐third of salt‐modified crf2 transcripts (2655) showed unique regulation. Different transcript profiles for salt stress in crf2 compared with the WT background was further supported through an examination of co‐expressed genes by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCMA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment terms found from salt‐treated transcripts revealed most photosynthesis‐related terms as only being affected in crf2, leading to an examination of chlorophyll levels and the efficiency of photosystem II (via the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm) as well as physiology after salt treatment. Salt stress‐treated crf2 plants had both reduced chlorophyll levels and lower Fv/Fm values compared with the WT, suggesting that CRF2 plays a role in the modulation of salt stress responses linked to photosynthesis.
Evaluating validity evidence for 2 instruments developed to assess students' surgical skills in a simulated environment
Authors: Farrell Robin M. , Gilbert Gregory E. , Betance Larry , Huck Jennifer , Hunt Julie A. , Dundas James , Pope Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo gather and evaluate validity evidence in the form of content and reliability of scores produced by 2 surgical skills assessment instruments, 1) a checklist, and 2) a modified form of the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) global rating scale (GRS).Study designProspective randomized blinded study.Sample populationVeterinary surgical skills educators (n =10) evaluated content validity. Scores from students in their third preclinical year of veterinary school (n = 16) were used to assess reliability.MethodsContent validity was assessed using Lawshe's method to calculate the Content Validity Index (CVI) for the checklist and modified OSATS GRS. The importance and relevance of each item was determined in relation to skills needed to successfully perform supervised surgical procedures. The reliability of scores produced by both instruments was determined using generalizability (G) theory.ResultsBased on the results of the content validation, 39 of 40 checklist items were included. The 39‐item checklist CVI was 0.81. One of the 6 OSATS GRS items was included. The 1‐item GRS CVI was 0.80. The G‐coefficients for the 40‐item checklist and 6‐item GRS were 0.85 and 0.79, respectively.ConclusionContent validity was very good for the 39‐item checklist and good for the 1‐item OSATS GRS. The reliability of scores from both instruments was acceptable for a moderate stakes examination.ImpactThese results provide evidence to support the use of the checklist described and a modified 1‐item OSAT GRS in moderate stakes examinations when evaluating preclinical third‐year veterinary students' technical surgical skills on low‐fidelity models.
YouTube as a source of misinformation on COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic analysis
Authors: Li Heidi Oi-Yee , Pastukhova Elena , Brandts-Longtin Olivier , Tan Marcus G , Kirchhof Mark G 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionVaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been accessible to the public since December 2020. However, only 58.3% of Americans are fully vaccinated as of 5 November 2021. Numerous studies have supported YouTube as a source of both reliable and misleading information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Misinformation regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines has negatively impacted vaccination intent. To date, the literature lacks a systematic evaluation of YouTube’s content on COVID-19 vaccination using validated scoring tools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, usability and quality of the most widely viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsA search on YouTube was performed on 21 July 2021, using keywords ‘COVID-19 vaccine’ on a cleared-cache web browser. Search results were sorted by ‘views’, and the top 150 most-viewed videos were collected and analysed. Duplicate, non-English, non-audiovisual, exceeding 1-hour duration, or videos unrelated to COVID-19 vaccine were excluded. The primary outcome was usability and reliability of videos, analysed using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) score, the modifiedJournal of the American Medical Association(mJAMA) score and the COVID-19 Vaccine Score (CVS).ResultsApproximately 11% of YouTube’s most viewed videos on COVID-19 vaccines, accounting for 18 million views, contradicted information from the WHO or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Videos containing non-factual information had significantly lower mDISCERN (p<0.001), mJAMA (p<0.01) and CVS (p<0.001) scores compared with videos with factual information. Videos from government sources had higher mJAMA and CVS scores, but averaged three times the ratio of dislikes to likes, while videos containing non-factual information averaged 14 times more likes than dislikes.ConclusionAs the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, widespread adoption of vaccination is essential in reducing morbidity, mortality, and returning to some semblance of normalcy. Providing high-quality and engaging health information from reputable sources is essential in addressing vaccine hesitancy.
Anaemia and associated factors among older adults in an urban district in China: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors: Ni Wenqing , Yuan Xueli , Sun Yuanying , Zhang Hongmin , Zhang Yan , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAnaemia leads to poor health outcomes in older adults; however, most current research in China has focused on younger adults. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors in older adults in an urban district in China.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingAn urbanised region, Shenzhen, China.ParticipantsA total of 121 981 participants aged ≥65 years were recruited at local community health service centres in Shenzhen from January to December 2018.Primary outcomesThe prevalence of anaemia was analysed and potential associated factors were evaluated.ResultsThe mean haemoglobin level was 136.40±16.66 g/L and the prevalence of anaemia was 15.43%. The prevalences of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 12.24%, 2.94% and 0.25%, respectively. Anaemia was positively associated with older age, being underweight (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.06, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.20), diabetes (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.28) and chronic kidney disease (AOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.46), and inversely with higher education level, current-smoker (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.89), non-habitual drinker (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.92), habitual drinker (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87), overweight (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.70), obesity (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.61), central obesity (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89), hypertension (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.89) and dyslipidaemia (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.84).ConclusionAnaemia is prevalent among people aged 65 years and older in China. Screening of high-risk populations and treatment of senile anaemia should be a top priority in Shenzhen, and should be listed as important public health intervention measures for implementation.
Prevalence, methods and characteristics of self-harm among asylum seekers in Australia: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Hedrick Kyli , Borschmann Rohan 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionAsylum seekers are at increased risk of self-harm compared with the general population, and the experience of detention may further exacerbate this risk. Despite this, evidence regarding the prevalence, methods and characteristics of self-harm among asylum seekers in Australia (including those detained in onshore and offshore immigration detention) has not been synthesised. Such information is necessary to inform evidence-based prevention initiatives, and effective clinical and governmental responses to self-harm. This review will synthesise findings from the literature regarding the prevalence, methods and characteristics of self-harm among asylum seekers in both detained and community-based settings in Australia.Methods and analysisWe searched key electronic health, psychology and medical databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed and MEDLINE) for studies published in English between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2021. Our primary outcome is self-harm among asylum seekers held in onshore and/or offshore immigration detention, community detention and/or in community-based arrangements in Australia. We will include all study designs (except single case studies) that examine the prevalence of self-harm in asylum seekers. Studies published between 1992—the commencement of Australia’s policy of mandatory immigration detention—and 2021 will be included. We will not apply any age restrictions. The Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research scale will be used to assess the quality of included studies. If there are sufficient studies, and homogeneity between them, we will conduct meta-analyses to calculate pooled estimates of self-harm rates and compare relevant subgroups. If studies report insufficient data, or there is substantial heterogeneity, findings will be provided in narrative form.Ethics and disseminationThis review is exempt from ethics approval as it will synthesise findings from published studies with pre-existing ethics approval. Our findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal article and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020203444.
Delayed antibiotic prescribing to reduce antibiotic use: an urgent care practice change
Authors: Tonazzi Shera , Prenovost Leanne , Scheuermann Suzette 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAntibiotic overuse threatens global health, food security and human development through the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Studies suggest urgent cares exceed the national average for inappropriate antibiotic use associated with maintaining patient satisfaction.Local problemChart audits from an urgent care clinic in the southwest region of the USA revealed that antibiotics were prescribed for upper respiratory infections (URIs) routinely and without patient instruction on methods to reduce their antibiotic use. Further review, exposed that most urgent care sites do not have an Antibiotic Stewardship Plan (ASP) and little-to-no ASP training for medical staff.MethodsA quantitative quality improvement project was implemented to determine the impact of delayed antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic usage rates for adult patients with URI symptoms at an urgent care clinic in central Arizona over 4 weeks.InterventionsImplementing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s URI adult treatment guidelines for antibiotic use with follow-up phone calls 10 days post-discharge to evaluate the patient’s decision-making.ResultsAntibiotic usage rates decreased by 12% in 30 days, N=927, n=598 in the comparative and n=330 in the implementation group. A Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant reduction in antibiotic usage rates between groups (U=247, p=0.023).ConclusionSuccess in meeting the goal was a result of team and patient engagement strategies that reduced outpatient antibiotic use while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction.
A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kartal Ece , Schmidt Thomas S B , Molina-Montes Esther , Rodríguez-Perales Sandra , Wirbel Jakob , Maistrenko Oleksandr M , Akanni Wasiu A , Alashkar Alhamwe Bilal , Alves Renato J , Carrato Alfredo , Erasmus Hans-Peter , Estudillo Lidia , Finkelmeier Fabian , Fullam Anthony , Glazek Anna M , Gómez-Rubio Paulina , Hercog Rajna , Jung Ferris , Kandels Stefanie , Kersting Stephan , Langheinrich Melanie , Márquez Mirari , Molero Xavier , Orakov Askarbek , Van Rossum Thea , Torres-Ruiz Raul , Telzerow Anja , Zych Konrad ,   MAGIC Study investigators,   PanGenEU Study investigators, Benes Vladimir , Zeller Georg , Trebicka Jonel , Real Francisco X , Malats Nuria , Bork Peer 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests a role for the microbiome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aetiology and progression.ObjectiveTo explore the faecal and salivary microbiota as potential diagnostic biomarkers.MethodsWe applied shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to samples from a Spanish case–control study (n=136), including 57 cases, 50 controls, and 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the discovery phase, and from a German case–control study (n=76), in the validation phase.ResultsFaecal metagenomic classifiers performed much better than saliva-based classifiers and identified patients with PDAC with an accuracy of up to 0.84 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) based on a set of 27 microbial species, with consistent accuracy across early and late disease stages. Performance further improved to up to 0.94 AUROC when we combined our microbiome-based predictions with serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9, the only current non-invasive, Food and Drug Administration approved, low specificity PDAC diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, a microbiota-based classification model confined to PDAC-enriched species was highly disease-specific when validated against 25 publicly available metagenomic study populations for various health conditions (n=5792). Both microbiome-based models had a high prediction accuracy on a German validation population (n=76). Several faecal PDAC marker species were detectable in pancreatic tumour and non-tumour tissue using 16S rRNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridisation.ConclusionTaken together, our results indicate that non-invasive, robust and specific faecal microbiota-based screening for the early detection of PDAC is feasible.