bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trusted authority based session key agreement and authentication algorithm for smart grid networks
Authors: Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed , Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Nabih Zaki Rashed Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe information exchanged over the smart grid networks is sensitive and private. As such, proper mechanisms must be put in place to protect these messages from security and privacy violations. Although many schemes have been presented in literature to address these challenges, a number of them rarely consider concurrent authentication of smart meters, while some are inefficient or still lack some of the smart grid network security and privacy requirements. In this article, a novel concurrent smart meters authentication algorithm is presented, based on some trusted authority. Formal security analysis of this algorithm is executed using Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham logic, which shows that this algorithm provides strong authentication among the smart meter, utility service provider and trusted authority. In addition, session keys are independently computed and verified between the smart meter and utility service provider with the help of the trusted authority. Informal security analysis shows that this algorithm provides device anonymity, perfect forward key secrecy, strong mutual authentication and is resilient against replay, de‐synchronization, privileged insider, impersonation, eavesdropping, side‐channel, and traceability attacks. In terms of performance, the proposed algorithm exhibits the least communication and computation overheads when compared with other related schemes.
Low noise amplifier design with enhanced noise and gain performance using transformer boosting method for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Gupta Manish , Kumar Manish 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn low noise amplifier (LNA) design, achieving minimum noise figure (NF) and enhanced gain is equally important in the field of communication. The major aim of this design with previous methods are those having implemented in the topology of design like metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor at common source connection topology, pole‐based transformer boosting, and dual feedback technique. However, these methods fail to reach the desired performance due to their low NF and low gain. In order to overcome these failures and their causes, this article presented a topology in LNA design using a transformer as boosting component to improve the performance of NF and gain for millimeter‐wave applications. It has three common gate stages connected in cascode form, and three transformers are acquired to link the drain to the input signal. Transformers permit radio frequency feeding signal from drain to source, and output from the previous stage is connected to the input of the next stage. This connection increases the gain of the circuit and an enlarged coupling coefficient of value “1,” which minimizes noise. The unilateral coefficient remains to be 1, to make the circuit stable throughout execution. NF value can be minimized by properly selecting conductance coefficient and S‐parameter values. Since the transformer is used to provide feedback in this circuit, stability condition has to be analyzed carefully. Output load value is selected optimum as it creates an impact on the stability of LNA. This topology implemented in LNA design helps to increase the gain by boosting the signal input, and hence, in turn, it increases overall gain performance. Similarly, while executing this optimal LNA design using transformer boosting technique in CADENCE software, this LNA exhibits a minimum NF of 3 dB at 30 GHz and power gain of 12.2 dB at 50 GHz in measurement. Comparatively, the proposed LNA design overruns conventional methods and consumes a power supply of 1.1 V.
Reporting delays and the information content of off‐market trades
Authors: Frino Alex , Galati Luca , Gerace Dionigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of reporting delays in off‐market trades on informed trading and information efficiency. We examine this issue using a natural experiment in Financial Times Stock Exchange futures contracts provided by the Intercontinental Exchange, which eliminated the ability of market participants to request a delay in reporting smaller sized off‐market trades in 2018. We find that, while reporting delays increase the time taken to release information to the market by the length of the reporting delay, thereby prima facie reducing information efficiency, such delays encourage informed trading and potentially increase the informativeness of trading and, therefore, information efficiency.
Primary renal sarcoma with SS18::POU5F1 gene fusion
Authors: Argani Pedram , Matoso Andres , Gross John M. , Zhang Yanming , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Gagan Jeffrey , Antonescu Cristina R. , Palsgrove Doreen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report the first case of a primary renal undifferentiated sarcoma harboring an SS18::POU5F1 gene fusion. The patient was a 38 year‐old male diagnosed with a 5 cm renal tumor which invaded the adrenal gland and extended into the renal vein. Microscopically, the neoplasm had a predominantly undifferentiated round cell morphology, with areas of rhabdoid and spindle cell growth. Similar to the previously reported cases with this fusion, by immunohistochemistry the neoplasm expressed S100 protein and epithelial markers (diffuse EMA, focal cytokeratin), suggesting the possibility of a myoepithelial phenotype. This report documents another example of a fusion‐positive undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma occurring as a primary renal neoplasm, adding to the already broad list of such entities. It highlights the crucial role of molecular analysis in establishing a specific diagnosis given the overlapping morphology and immunophenotypes such entities may exhibit.
Tonic excitation of nucleus reuniens decreases prefrontal‐hippocampal coordination during slow‐wave states
Authors: Hauer Brandon E. , Pagliardini Silvia , Dickson Clayton T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) is an important node between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Previously, we have shown that its mode of activity and its influence in mPFC–HPC communication is dependent upon brain state. During slow‐wave states, RE units are closely and rhythmically coupled to the ongoing mPFC‐slow oscillation (SO), while during activated (theta) states, RE neurons fire in an arrhythmic and tonically active manner. Inactivating the RE selectively impoverishes coordination of the SO between mPFC and HPC and interestingly, both mPFC and RE stimulation during the SO cause larger responses in the HPC than during theta. It is unclear if the activity patterns within the RE across states may play a role in both phenomena. Here, we optogenetically excited RE neurons in a tonic fashion to assess the impact on mPFC‐HPC coupling. This stimulation decreased the influence of mPFC stimulation in the HPC during SO states, in a manner similar to what is observed across state changes into theta. Importantly, this type of stimulation had no effect on evoked responses during theta. Perhaps more interestingly, tonic optogenetic excitation of the RE also decreased mPFC‐HPC SO coherence. Thus, it may not be the integrity of the RE per se that is responsible for efficient communication between mPFC and HPC, but rather the particular state in which RE neurons find themselves. Our results have direct implications for how distant brain regions can communicate most effectively, an issue that is ultimately important for activity‐dependent processes occurring during slow‐wave sleep‐dependent memory consolidation.
A neural network‐based framework to understand the type 2 diabetes‐related alteration of the human gut microbiome
Authors: Guo Shun , Zhang Haoran , Chu Yunmeng , Jiang Qingshan , Ma Yingfei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe identification of microbial markers adequate to delineate the disease‐related microbiome alterations from the complex human gut microbiota is of great interest. Here, we develop a framework combining neural network (NN) and random forest, resulting in 40 marker species and 90 marker genes identified from the metagenomic data set (185 healthy and 183 type 2 diabetes [T2D] samples), respectively. In terms of these markers, the NN model obtained higher accuracy in classifying the T2D‐related samples than other methods; the interaction network analyses identified the key species and functional modules; the regression analysis determined that fasting blood glucose is the most significant factor (p < 0.05) in the T2D‐related alteration of the human gut microbiome. We also observed that those marker species varied little across the case and control samples greatly shift in the different stages of the T2D development, suggestive of their important roles in the T2D‐related microbiome alteration. Our study provides a new way of identifying the disease‐related biomarkers and analyzing the role they may play in the development of the disease.
Diagnosis and management of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats
Authors: Hardy Jon , Gajanayake Isuru 
Published: May 2022

Background: Food allergies are not as common as clients believe, although they are commonly self diagnosed by pet owners. This phenomenon is also seen in human medicine, where self and parenteral diagnoses of food allergies far outnumber actual diagnoses by trained medical professionals. Adverse food reactions (AFRs) in dogs and cats can manifest with a diverse array of clinical signs; therefore, the diagnosis requires a careful and systematic approach, including the exclusion of many other conditions that can mimic AFRs.Aim of the article: This article outlines the approach to diagnosing AFR in cats and dogs and the diet options available for diet trials and management of food allergies and intolerances.
Microanalysis of the stomach of southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor): Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic studies
Authors: Almasi Maryam , Goodarzi Nader 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to provide more detailed knowledge on the stomach histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). Two animals were used in the present work. Periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) and Alcian blue were used for histochemical purposes. SOX9, gastrin, serotonin, and glucagon markers were traced immunohistochemically. The mucosa was extremely folded in the fundus with numerous opening of glands. The body and pylorus mucosa were almost smooth and equipped with gastric gland openings. A simple columnar epithelium covered the stomach entirely. Cardiac glands region was mucus secreting with both positive and negative reactions to PAS. Fundic mucosa was contained cardiac glands near to the cardia, and toward the body it was divided into the light and dark zones. These zones and body contained proper gastric gland, which constituted of parietal, chief, and mucous neck cells. These glands contained PAS‐positive cells on their basal portions. The pyloric glands were mucus secreting but negative for PAS. All gastric glands were Alcian blue‐negative, but epithelium showed moderate reaction especially in the pylorus. SOX and gastrin were express highly in the body and fundus. The expression of serotonin and glucagon was rare. Comparatively, some similarities between the stomach of hedgehog and dog can be assumed. The present findings provide additional information concerning the histochemical characteristics and endocrine cells distribution in the stomach of the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). Further detailed studies are required to enhance the current knowledge on histophysiology of the digestive system in this species as a pet and exotic animal.Highlights
The stomach was simple glandular type.
The fundus was divided into light and dark zones similar to the dog.
The proper gastric glands were periodic acid Schiff's positive at their basal parts.
Effectiveness of washing in reducing lead concentrations of lettuce grown in urban garden soils
Authors: Egendorf Sara Perl , Li Emily , He Elise , Cheng Zhongqi , Spliethoff Henry M. , Shayler Hannah A. , Russell‐Anelli Jonathan , King Thomas , McBride Murray B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUrban gardeners contribute to sustainable cities and often take great care to limit exposure to soil contaminants like lead (Pb). Although best management practices (BMPs) like mulching to reduce soil splash can limit crop contamination, they may not eliminate all contamination for leafy greens, which trap soil particles. How effective is washing at removing Pb contamination from leafy greens when using BMPs? Are certain washing techniques more effective than others? We present results from two experiments addressing these questions. We grew lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in homogenized high‐Pb (∼1,150 mg kg–1) and low‐Pb (∼90 mg kg–1) soils in Brooklyn, NY, and Ithaca, NY. Our results show that washing can remove 75–94% of Pb from lettuce, including that remaining after the use of contamination‐reducing BMPs. It was estimated that washing removed 97% of Pb deposited by splash, which is the dominant source of Pb, and removed 91% deposited by downward deposition. All washing techniques were effective at reducing Pb levels, with differences in effectiveness ranked as: commercial soak > vinegar soak > water soak (and water rinse not significantly different from vinegar or water soak). Washing crops grown in low‐Pb soils is also important. Without washing, lettuce grown in low‐Pb soil may still have Pb levels above the European Commission comparison value. We offer these empirical findings and recommendations in support of urban growers.
An efficient strategy for synthesis of new functionalized furo[3,2‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one derivatives under mild conditions
Authors: Tao Jiahao , Li Chunmei , Zhou Kaini , Huan Yongcan , Yuan Yongjie , Liu Ali , Zhang Furen , Qi Chenze , Shen Zhenlu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we prepared a series of 5‐alkyl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐3‐arylfuro[3,2‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one derivatives via the reaction of 1‐substitued 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones with various nitrostyrenes using triethylamine as catalyst. This strategy not only provided various new 5‐alkyl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐3‐arylfuro[3,2‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐ones, but also expanded the scope of application of active intermediate nitrostyrenes. Meanwhile, this method has the advantages of inexpensive and easily available starting materials, step economy, metal‐free catalytic system, good to excellent yields and operational simplicity. A total of 22 heterocyclic compounds were obtained to exhibit a broad substrate scope of the strategy.
The efficacy of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and CoronaVac vaccines in patients with cancer
Authors: Simsek Melih , Yasin Ayse I. , Besiroglu Mehmet , Topcu Atakan , Sucuoglu Isleyen Zehra , Seker Mesut , Turk Haci Mehmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough vaccination is efficacious and prevents infection in the general population, there is limited data about Coronavirus disease‐19 (Covid‐19) occurrence after vaccination in cancer patients. It was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and CoronaVac vaccines against Covid‐19 in patients with cancer. In this single‐center, retrospective, cross‐sectional, and descriptive study, the data of cancer patients referred to the medical oncology clinic of a university hospital were analyzed. The sample of the study consisted of cancer patients who had Covid‐19 or were vaccinated against Covid‐19. A total number of 2578 patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 2000 have never been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and 578 patients have had a positive reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for Covid‐19. It was found that 2094 patients (81.2%) were fully vaccinated, and 484 patients (18.8%) did not receive full‐dose vaccination. A statistically significant difference in Covid‐19 occurrence was found between the patients who had full‐dose vaccination or not (p = 0.000). In in‐group comparisons of full‐dose vaccinated patients, while no difference was observed between two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and three doses of CoronaVac (p = 0.432), a statistically significant difference was observed between all other groups (p < 0.005). When the data of 578 patients who experienced Covid‐19 was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups who were full‐dose vaccinated and those who were not (p = 0.000). It is recommended that this vulnerable patient group should be prioritized in vaccination programs, and full‐dose vaccination (at least two doses of vaccines) should be completed as soon as possible.
Influence of cyanobacterial inoculants, elevated carbon dioxide, and temperature on plant and soil nitrogen in soybean
Authors: Sanyal Shravani , Chakrabarti Bidisha , Prasanna Radha , Bhatia Arti , Kumar Soora N. , Purakayastha Tapan J. , Joshi Ritika , Sharma Abhilasha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change affects nitrogen dynamics in crops and diazotrophic microorganisms with carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestering potential such as cyanobacteria can be promising options. The interactions of three cyanobacterial formulations (Anabaena laxa, Calothrix elenkinii and Anabaena torulosa–Bradyrhizobium japonicum biofilm) on plant and soil nitrogen in soybean, were investigated under elevated CO2 and temperature conditions. Soybean plants were grown inside Open Top Chambers under ambient and elevated (550 ± 25 ppm) CO2 concentrations and elevated temperature (+2.5–2.8°C). Interactive effect of elevated CO2 and cyanobacterial inoculation through A. laxa and Anabaena torulosa–B. japonicum biofilm led to improved growth, yield, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and seed N in soybean crop. Nitrogenase activity in nodules increased in A. laxa and biofilm treatments, with an increase of 55% and 72%, respectively, over no cyanobacterial inoculation treatment. Although high temperature alone reduced soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, and soil available N, the combined effect of CO2 and temperature were stimulatory; cyanobacterial inoculation further led to an increase under all the conditions. The highest seed N uptake (758 mg plant−1) was recorded with cyanobacterial biofilm inoculation under elevated CO2 with control temperature conditions. The positive interactions of elevated CO2 and cyanobacterial inoculation, particularly through A. laxa and A. torulosa–B. japonicum biofilm inoculation highlights their potential in counteracting the negative impact of changing climate along with enhancing plant and soil N in soybean.
A comparison of methods for enriching network meta‐analyses in the absence of individual patient data
Authors: Proctor Tanja , Zimmermann Samuel , Seide Svenja , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring drug development, a biomarker is sometimes identified as separating a patient population into those with more and those with less benefit from evaluated treatments. Consequently, later studies might be targeted, while earlier ones are performed in mixed patient populations. This poses a challenge in evidence synthesis, especially if only aggregated data are available. Starting from this scenario, we investigate three commonly used network meta‐analytic estimation methods, the naive estimation approach, the stand‐alone analysis, and the network meta‐regression. Additionally, we adapt and modify two methods, which are used in evidence synthesis to combine randomized controlled trials with observational studies, the enrichment‐through‐weighting approach, and the informative prior estimation. We evaluate all five methods in a simulation study with 32 scenarios using bias, root‐mean‐squared‐error, coverage, precision, and power. Additionally, we revisit a clinical data set to exemplify and discuss the application. In the simulation study, none of the methods was observed to be clearly favorable over all investigated scenarios. However, the stand‐alone analysis and the naive estimation performed comparably or worse than the other methods in all evaluated performance measures and simulation scenarios and are therefore not recommended. While substantial between‐trial heterogeneity is challenging for all estimation approaches, the performance of the network meta‐regression, the enriching‐through weighting approach and the informative prior approach was dependent on the simulation scenario and the performance measure of interest. Furthermore, as these estimation methods are drawing slightly different assumptions, some of which require the presence of additional information for estimation, we recommend sensitivity‐analyses wherever possible.
Soil mineral nitrogen regulation by a novel porous material in structurally degraded soils
Authors: Xu Lingying , Yu Quanbo , Wang Meiyan , Yang Jizhou , Xu Shengxiang , Shi Xuezheng , Xie Xinqiao , Zhao Xu , Gao Jichao , Zhang Yanyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe availability of soil nitrogen (N) decreases as the structure of agricultural soils degrades. Traditional methods focus on organic amendments that indirectly affect the porosity and N content of soil. Due to the low efficiency of such amendments, new materials, particularly highly porous materials, are needed to improve the quality of soil, which has opened new directions.RESULTSThe addition of 2 to 7 mm of porous clay ceramic (PLC) significantly increased the fresh weight of Brassica chinensis. The soil aeration porosity (>50 μm) increased by 0.69% on average in response to 1% PLC application. Soil NO3−‐N, NH4+‐N and mineral N increased by 3.3, 1.3 and 4.6 mg kg−1 on average, respectively, following a 1% PLC application rate. The initial N content of the high PLC treatments was the lowest in the incubation experiment. The parameters of soil N mineralization, i.e. potentially mineralizable N (N0), the first‐order rate constant (k) and the mineralization composite index (N0 × k), increased obviously as the amount of PLC increased. Porosities larger than 1000 μm were significantly more positively correlated with the parameters of soil N mineralization than those <500 μm. The Pearson correlation coefficients suggested that high porosity, mineral N and N0 values had significant positive relationships with the fresh weights in double seasons.CONCLUSIONThe application of PLC increased soil aeration and enhanced the availability of soil N, which yielded large vegetable harvests in clayey soils in the short term. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.