bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring Mechanisms of Auditory Attentional Modulation with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Kuo Ting-Yu , Liao Yuanda , Li Kai , Hong Bo , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Humans have an exceptional ability to extract specific audio streams of interest in a noisy environment; this is known as the cocktail party effect. It is widely accepted that this ability is related to selective attention, a mental process that enables individuals to focus on a particular object. Evidence suggests that sensory neurons can be modulated by top-down signals transmitted from the prefrontal cortex. However, exactly how the projection of attention signals to the cortex and subcortex influences the cocktail effect is unclear. We constructed computational models to study whether attentional modulation is more effective at earlier or later stages for solving the cocktail party problem along the auditory pathway. We modeled the auditory pathway using deep neural networks (DNNs), which can generate representational neural patterns that resemble the human brain. We constructed a series of DNN models in which the main structures were autoencoders. We then trained these DNNs on a speech separation task derived from the dichotic listening paradigm, a common paradigm to investigate the cocktail party effect. We next analyzed the modulation effects of attention signals during all stages. Our results showed that the attentional modulation effect is more effective at the lower stages of the DNNs. This suggests that the projection of attention signals to lower stages within the auditory pathway plays a more significant role than the higher stages in solving the cocktail party problem. This prediction could be tested using neurophysiological experiments.
“Good and Faithful Slave”
Authors: Manomi Dogara Ishaya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The parable of the talents in Matt 25:14–30 has been often interpreted using either the lens of social identity or virtue ethics, respectively. However, a careful integrative analysis indicates the intrinsic interrelation of social identity and virtue in four aspects. Through such an integration of social identity and the notions of virtue and the good life, Matthew redefines social identity for the Matthean in-group from a social status to a virtue status, from the quantity of one’s giftings to the quality of one’s character, and from a mere sense of belonging to a pursuit of human flourishing through virtue.
New taxonomic information of Cryphodera kalesari (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
Authors: Singh Sorokhaibam Mexico , Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Singh Mayanglambam Ojit Kumar , Singh Samandram Sushilkumar , Couvreur Marjolein , Bert Wim , Meitei Naorem Mohilal 
Published: September 2022

Summary
A population consisting of only second-stage juveniles of Cryphodera kalesari (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) was detected in the rhizosphere of bamboo in a forest in Mizoram state of India. New taxonomical information is provided for the juveniles, including the first light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. The juveniles are characterised by a body length of 0.3-0.4 mm, lateral field with three longitudinal incisures forming two areolated bands, a well-sclerotised and offset lip region with three lip annuli, a robust and strong stylet measuring 25-28 μm in length, anteriorly flat to slightly concave knobs, a secretory-excretory pore often at isthmus level, a conoid tail 47-52 μm long tapering to a narrow rounded terminus, a pore-like phasmid, and a distinct hyaline portion of the tail occupying roughly half of the tail length. The first molecular data of C. kalesari (sequences of 18S and D2-D3 of 28S rRNA genes and COI gene of mtDNA) were found to be almost identical to that of an unidentified Cryphodera sp. reported from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, indicating that C. kalesari is widespread across south-east Asia.
The Protection of Displaced Persons from Ukraine in Portugal
Authors: de Sousa Constança Urbano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The war in Ukraine has caused a massive influx of people seeking protection in the European Union and has led to the activation, for the first time, of the Temporary Protection Directive. Although this influx mainly affects neighbouring countries, such as Poland and Romania, Portugal triggered, as early as 1 March 2022, the national temporary protection regime, thus granting immediate protection to people who were arriving because of the war. This article analyses this temporary protection regime, as well as the measures adopted to allow the rapid integration of those displaced persons, such as simplifying the recognition of professional qualifications, essential for their access to the labour market. Being special measures that only benefit citizens affected by the war in Ukraine, their compatibility with the constitutional principle of equality is questioned, as other foreigners equally affected by war and violation of human rights are excluded.
Disgraceful! Maimonides’ Use of Qabīḥ in the Guide
Authors: Harvey Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Maimonides (d. 1204) employs three different sets of terms for good and bad in his Guide of the Perplexed I, 2: one Hebrew set (from Gen. 3:5), ṭov and raʿ; and two Arabic sets, al-ḫayr and al-šarr, and al-ḥasan and al-qabīḥ. Guide I, 2 is one of the betterknown chapters of the book – one of the first chapters the beginning student of the Guide encounters and one whose important teachings have been the subject of many valuable studies. Curiously, leading translators and scholars do not see any meaningful distinction between the two sets of Arabic terms despite Maimonides’ well-known declaration that “the diction of this Treatise has not been chosen at haphazard” (see below, n. 19). This article seeks to understand and explain why Maimonides employs two different sets of Arabic terms here for the concepts of good and bad, with special focus on qabīḥ, a key term for him in this chapter and in others in the book.
Aristotle’s Political Theory as a Craft and Science in Politics 4–6
Authors: Inamura Kazutaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article maintains that Aristotle develops his political theory as a craft and science in Politics 4–6. The literature, however, has argued that he views political knowledge as a form of practical wisdom or prudence. This article discusses the way that Aristotle proposes political theory as a skill to help deal with unfavorable circumstances. In Greek political thought, craft and science are characterized as skills of cooperating with nature, taking up opportunities, and coping with uncertainty. Aristotle uses this conception when he develops his political theory in Politics 4–6. He understands that political theorists should advise prudent legislators on practical reforms of constitutions and help them address non-ideal situations. Serious efforts to gain causal knowledge are indispensable for statesmanship. This view of statesmanship better illustrates political theory as part of human efforts and cooperation to resolve uncertainty rather than the one that sharply distinguishes among theoretical, practical, and productive sciences.
New synonyms in the genus Diplectrona Westwood, 1840 from Southeast Asia (Hydropsychidae, Diplectroninae)
Authors: Mey Wolfram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five new species described in the genus Diplectrona from Southeast Asia were found to represent synonyms of D. fasciata and D. pseudofasciata. The male genitalia of D. fasciata are illustrated for the first time.
¿Aviso o Alerta? Developing Effective, Inclusive, and Consistent Watch and Warning Translations for U.S. Spanish Speakers
Authors: Trujillo-Falcón Joseph E. , Gaviria Pabón América R. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Bitterman Abby , Thornton Jonathan B. , Krocak Makenzie J. , Ernst Sean R. , Obeso Estilita Cassiani , Lipski John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spanish-speaking populations in the United States are more vulnerable in disaster contexts due to inequities, such as language barriers, that prevent them from receiving life-saving information. For the past couple of decades, governmental organizations have addressed these issues by translating weather watches, warnings, and advisories into Spanish. Previous studies suggest that these Spanish translations do not communicate the same level of urgency as their English counterparts. To identify whether these translated products result in inequities between English and Spanish speaker reception and comprehension of forecast information, we asked a representative sample of U.S. English (n = 1,550) and Spanish (n = 1,050) speakers to correctly identify the translations of weather watches and warnings and found significant language inequities. Additionally, we asked U.S. Spanish speakers to indicate the urgency they felt when shown different Spanish words used in weather watch and warning translations. When presented with various translations for watch and warning terminology, respondents consistently rated aviso, the current translation of warning by the NWS and FEMA, as less urgent than many other alternatives. Additionally, the current translation of advisory, advertencia, communicated more urgency than both existing watch and warning translations in Spanish. To increase the effectiveness of severe weather messaging in multilingual contexts, translations should take into consideration factors such as culture and dialects of Spanish speakers in the United States and focus on translating the meaning, not the words, of key risk statements in weather products. We recommend vigilancia for “watch” and alerta for “warning” as research-supported terminologies to communicate urgency in Spanish.
High Triglyceride–Glucose Index is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Karadeniz Fatma Özpamuk , Sancaktepe Emine Altuntaş , Karadeniz Yusuf 
Published: September 2022

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is calculated from fasting triglycerides and fasting glucose levels and is an indicator of insulin resistance. The present study investigates whether the TyG index has a role in predicting clinical outcomes in cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This retrospective study included 646 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 1048 patients with non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The association between major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) that developed in-hospital and at 60 months of follow-up and TyG index values were compared. Patients were divided into 2 groups: TyG index values of ≥8.65 and <8.65. During the hospital stay and 60 months of follow-up, 303 MACEs occurred. In both the STEMI and NSTEMI groups, as the TyG index increased, an increase was observed in MACE rates. MACE rates were also found to be highest in the group with TyG index ≥8.65 ( P < .001). TyG index, C-reactive protein, and age were independent predictors of MACEs in both the NSTEMI and STEMI groups. The present study found a significant association between higher TyG index values and increased risk of MACEs in ACS patients. The TyG index may prove useful to predict clinical outcomes in ACS patients.
Psychological distress in siblings of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jayasinghe Anuradhi , Wrobel Anna , Filia Kate , Byrne Linda K , Melvin Glenn , Berk Lesley , Berk Michael , Cotton Sue 
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterise the prevalence and/or severity of psychological distress (namely, depression and anxiety symptoms) in siblings of people with mental illness (MI) and to examine correlates of distress in siblings of people with MI. Method: Studies comparing distress in individuals with and without a sibling with MI were eligible. Studies reporting on correlates of distress in siblings were also eligible. A search of MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO and Embase was conducted up until 17 March 2022. Results: Fifteen studies comprising 2304 siblings and 2263 comparison individuals were included. Meta-analyses indicated individuals with a sibling with MI experience significantly greater depressive symptoms (Hedges’s g = 0.53, 95% CI = [0.32, 0.73], siblings n = 1962, comparison individuals n = 2248) and anxiety symptoms (Hedges’s g = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.19, 0.61], siblings n = 653, comparison individuals n = 533) than those without. The sibling relationship, siblings’ locus of control, interpersonal functioning and their appraisal of the impacts of MI were identified as important and potentially modifiable correlates. Conclusion: Individuals with a sibling with MI experience greater depressive and anxiety symptoms than those without and would likely benefit from support. Future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying distress in siblings.
Targeted community-based programmes for children’s mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Australian literature
Authors: Savaglio Melissa , Yap Marie BH , O’Donnell Renee , Skouteris Helen 
Published: September 2022

Objective: No synthesis of the Australian evidence regarding targeted prevention and early intervention for mental health concerns among young children exists. This review aimed to (1) describe the types of targeted community-based mental health programmes evaluated in Australia to support children aged 1–9 years exhibiting internalising and/or externalising symptoms and (2) examine their impact on children’s internalising and externalising symptoms and disorder diagnosis. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42021255257). Four databases (PsycINFO, PsycArticles, MEDLINE and CINAHL) were searched for Australian studies published in the past 10 years that quantitatively evaluated the impact of a targeted programme on children’s mental health. The National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tools were used to evaluate the study quality. Results: Forty-two studies were included; the majority (67%) were medium quality. The mean sample size was 142 (SD = 170), children’s average age was 5.78 years (SD = 2.44) and 58% were male. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were underrepresented. Studies evaluated 16 programmes that targeted (1) externalising symptoms ( n = 20 studies, n = 6 programmes), (2) internalising symptoms ( n = 14 studies, n = 7 programmes) or (3) both, termed transdiagnostic programmes ( n = 8 studies, n = 3 programmes). Externalising programmes achieved a significant moderate mean reduction in externalising behaviours (standardised mean differences = −0.56), internalising programmes yielded a small mean improvement in anxiety symptoms (standardised mean differences = −0.25) and 57% reduced odds of anxiety disorder diagnosis. Evidence supporting transdiagnostic programmes was inconclusive. Conclusion: Parenting-focused programmes targeting young children’s internalising or externalising behaviours have the largest local evidence base supporting their effectiveness. Limitations include a lack of engagement with fathers, triangulation of outcomes, homogeneity and implementation reporting. Greater implementation and evaluation of community-driven integrated and systemic approaches that identify, engage and support Australia’s most disadvantaged cohorts of young children and their families are needed.
Master of Public Health Education in the United States Today: Building Leaders of the Future
Authors: Meredith Genevive R. , Welter Christina R. , Risley Kris , Seweryn Steven M. , Altfeld Susan , Jarpe-Ratner Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: For decades, there have been calls to action to change the status quo of public health education in the United States to respond to workforce needs and help reinforce capacity. During the last 10 years, schools and programs of public health have planned and implemented programmatic and curricular changes. This study explored the focus of master of public health (MPH) education in the United States today. Methods: We used a 3-phase mixed-methods study to compile data to describe the current state and focus of MPH education in the United States via survey data collection (November–December 2019), semistructured interviews (January–February 2020), and document reviews. Results: Survey responses represented at least 43% (93/215) of eligible MPH programs in the United States. Most respondents (86%, 99/115) reported that the primary focus of MPH education in the United States is to prepare graduates for public health practice and employment linked to public health, and 54% (59/109) reported that their MPH programs adopted this focus in the last 5 years. MPH programs invested in student learning, competence development, and supporting workforce readiness, including a focus on leadership abilities. Programs noted that they seek to develop strategic thinkers and engaged leaders with abilities to understand and address emergent public health needs. Conclusions: Public health education in the United States is in a period of change. MPH programs reported responding to workforce needs by closing gaps in workforce capacity and developing compassionate and professional leaders who can understand needs, collaborating with communities, and facilitating action that will ameliorate health disparities and promote social injustice by practicing public health in new ways.
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Health of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander People in the United States, 2021
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , Aitaoto Nia , Li Qiuxi , Morey Brittany N. , Wu Li-Tzy , Iwamoto Derek K. , Guerrero Erick G. , Moss Howard B. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Minimal research has assessed COVID-19’s unique impact on the Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI) population—an Indigenous-colonized racial group with social and health disparities that increase their risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. To address this gap, we explored the scope of COVID-19 outcomes, vaccination status, and health in diverse NH/PI communities. Methods: NH/PI staff at partner organizations collected survey data from April through November 2021 from 319 community-dwelling NH/PI adults in 5 states with large NH/PI populations: Arkansas, California, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson χ2 tests, independent and paired t tests, and linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 30% of survey participants had contracted COVID-19, 16% had a close family member who died of the disease, and 64% reported COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Thirty percent reported fair/poor health, 21% currently smoked cigarettes, and 58% reported obesity. Survey participants reported heightened COVID-19–related psychosocial distress (mean score = 4.9 on 10-point scale), which was more likely when health outcomes (general health, sleep, obesity) were poor or a family member had died of COVID-19. Logistic regression indicated that age, experiencing COVID-19 distress, and past-year use of influenza vaccines were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake (1.06, 1.18, and 7.58 times, respectively). Conclusions: Our empirical findings highlight the acute and understudied negative impact of COVID-19 on NH/PI communities in the United States and suggest new avenues for improving NH/PI community health, vaccination, and recovery from COVID-19.
The use of patient experience feedback in rehabilitation quality improvement and codesign activities: Scoping review of the literature
Authors: Jesus TS , Stern BZ , Struhar J , Deutsch A , Heinemann AW 
Published: September 2022

Objective To characterize the literature, reported enablers, and gaps on the use of patient experience feedback for person-centered rehabilitation quality improvement and codesign activities. Design Scoping Review. Data sources Scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Rehabdata, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest), website searches (e.g. Beryl Institute), snowballing, and key-informant recommendations. Methods Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screenings and full-text reviews. Eligibility focused on English-language, peer-reviewed (all time) and gray literature (last five years) that used patient experience feedback in rehabilitation improvement activities. The aims, settings, methods, findings, implications, and reported limitations were extracted, followed by content analyses identifying reported enablers and gaps. Results Among the 901 unique references and 52 full texts reviewed, ten were included: four used patient experience surveys for improving patient experiences; six used codesign methodologies to engage patient feedback in service improvement activities. Implementation enablers included securing managerial support, having a structured methodology and facilitator, using efficient processes, engaging staff experiences, and using appreciative inquiry. Reported study gaps included limited follow-up, low sample sizes, analytical limitations, lack of reported limitations, or narrow range of perspectives (e.g. not from people with severe impairments). Conclusion Few examples of the use of patient experience feedback in quality improvement or codesign activities were found in the rehabilitation literature. Patient experience improvement activities relied exclusively on retrospective survey data, which were not combined with often more actionable forms (e.g. qualitative, real time) of patient experience feedback. Further research might consider design of activities that collect and use patient experience feedback for rehabilitation service improvements.
Prefrontal cortex and putamen grey matter alterations in cannabis and tobacco users
Authors: Daniju Yusuf , Faulkner Paul , Brandt Kaz , Allen Paul 
Published: September 2022

Background: Previous magnetic resonance imaging studies in regular cannabis users report altered grey matter volume (GMV) in brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), putamen and hippocampus. However, most studies have tended to recruit recreational users with high levels of cannabis use, and have not controlled for the possible confounding effects of tobacco use. We attempt to address these limitations in the present study. Methods: We acquired volumetric images in sex, age and IQ-matched groups of (1) regular Cannabis users who also smoke Tobacco cigarettes (‘CT’; n = 33), (2) non-cannabis-using Tobacco cigarette smokers (‘T’; n = 19) and (3) non-cannabis/tobacco-using Controls (‘C’; n = 35). GMV in bilateral PFC, putamen and hippocampal regions was compared across groups. We also examined the associations between GMV differences and levels of cannabis and tobacco use, measures of intellectual function, and of depression, anxiety and stress. Results: Relative to controls, both CT and T groups showed lower GMV in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and greater GMV in the putamen. In addition, lower GMV in the right frontal pole in the CT group (but not the T group) was associated with lifetime cannabis use, but not with cigarette use. Conclusions: Regular cannabis users who also smoked tobacco cigarettes showed altered GMV patterns relative to controls. However, a similar pattern of GMV differences was also seen between regular tobacco users that did not use cannabis. Further research is needed to disentangle the effects of cannabis and tobacco use on brain structure.