bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife in climate refugia: Mammalian diversity, occupancy, and tiger distribution in the Western Himalayas, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Kanchan , Subba Samundra Ambuhang , Thapa Gokarna Jung , Dewan Karun , Acharya Bishnu Prasad , Bohara Dabal , Subedi Suman , Karki Madhuri Thapa , Gotame Bharat , Paudel Gautam , Bhatta Shiv Raj , Jnawali Shant Raj , Malla Sabita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic land‐use change continues to be predicated as a major driver of terrestrial biodiversity loss for the rest of this century. It has been determined that the effect of climate change on wildlife population will accelerate the rate and process of decline of global vertebrate populations. We investigated wildlife composition, occupancy, and activity pattern along the larger climate resilient forests that serve as microrefugia for a wide range of species under the escalating climate change. We used camera trap survey covering 250 km2 of climate microrefugia in Dadeldhura hills in far western region of Nepal. We used 62 trapping locations accumulating 1800 trap nights taking 98,916 photographs in 62 days‐survey period during the summer season of 2020. We photographed 23 mammalian species with estimated species richness of 30 species (95% CI: 25–34) based on multi‐species occupancy model. We estimated overall species occupancy ψ(SE(ψ)) to be 0.87 (0.09) in climatic microrefugia. While human activity predominated throughout the day, the majority of animals was found to exhibit nocturnal temporal patterns. Tiger and hyaena, two of the top predators, were newly discovered in the western Himalayan range of Nepal, with their discovery at the 34 highest elevations of 2511 meters and 2000m, respectively. In Nepal, high‐altitude tiger range is characterized by tiger distribution above a 2000 m cutoff representing habitats in the physiographic zone of high mountains and above. Our findings establish a baseline and show that the climatic microrefugia that have been identified have high levels of species richness and occupancy, which characterize the Dadeldhura hill forest ranges as biologically varied and ecologically significant habitat. These areas identified as climatic microrefugia habitats should be the focus of conservation efforts, particularly efforts to reduce human disturbance and adapt to climate change.
Winter gifts for river ecosystems: A massive supply of earthworms in early winter
Authors: Futamura Ryo , Furusawa Chiharu , Okamiya Hisanori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTerrestrial resource pulses can significantly affect the community dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. Previously, its effect on the river community is considered to be stronger in summer, whereas weaker in winter when terrestrial invertebrates are less abundant. The movement of the terrestrial earthworms is triggered in winter, so they may be supplied to winter rivers as terrestrial resource pulse, but little is known about it. Here, we report that the massive numbers of the terrestrial earthworms were supplied intensively to an upstream of the small river in early winter. In particular, we found large numbers of megascolecid earthworms were supplied in an upstream of the small river in Northern Japan. Furthermore, we observed that supplied earthworms were consumed by salmonid fish species (masu salmon, white spotted char and rainbow trout) and aquatic invertebrates (gammarid amphipod, planarian flatworm, and stonefly larvae). These findings suggest that the terrestrial earthworms may play a key role in ecosystem functioning in winter when severe and other resources are scarce.
A sustainable network design of a hybrid biomass supply chain by considering the water–energy–carbon nexus
Authors: Rasekh Abolfazl , Hamidzadeh Farhad , Sahebi Hadi , Pishvaee Mir Saman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNowadays, with population growth, rising global energy demand, increasing water consumption, carbon emissions, and excessive use of fossil fuels, the world faces a major challenge. Biomass is one of the most attractive sources of energy production, with positive effects on the economy, environment, and society, which can decrease the world's reliance on fossil fuels and deal with this universal challenge. Consequently, the biomass supply chain network design has received more attention in recent decades. Since energy and water are two significant sources for society's sustainable development and carbon emissions are essential for environmental health, the study of the water–energy–carbon (WEC) nexus is essential. In this study, a multiobjective multiperiod model for designing a sustainable supply chain network based on hybrid second‐generation (i.e., Jatropha, agricultural waste, and animal waste) and third‐generation (i.e., microalgae) biomasses is presented. The proposed multiobjective model consists of five objective functions that maximize the total energy produced and the number of jobs created and minimize the total water consumed, carbon emitted, and total costs. Case study results demonstrate the performance of the model utilizing the MINMAX goal programming approach. Based on the results, energy production from Jatropha is more appropriate in comparison with energy production from microalgae, agriculture waste, and animal waste. The findings also show that the proposed model in this research considering the WEC nexus performs significantly better than the classical model without considering the WEC nexus.
Medicaid Expansion and mental health treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Ortega Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study uses a difference‐in‐differences design within an event‐study framework to examine how state decisions to expand Medicaid following the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected mental health treatment. The findings suggest that expansion states experienced increased admissions to mental health treatment facilities and Medicaid‐reimbursed prescriptions for medications used to treat common forms of mental illness. The results also indicate an increase in admissions with trauma, anxiety, conduct, and depression disorders. There is also suggestive evidence of an increase in the number of mental health treatment facilities accepting Medicaid as a form of payment. Lastly, as with previous studies, I find weak evidence of a decrease in suicides in Medicaid expansion states. These findings highlight the vital role of the ACA in providing access to mental health treatment for low‐income Americans.
Indolyl Phosphine Nickel(II) Fluorido Complexes: Synthesis and Intermediates in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: He Ouchan , Cula Beatrice , Braun Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe C−F bond activation of pentafluoropyridine and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoropyridine at [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in the presence of the phosphine PPh2(Ind) (Ind=3‐methyl‐2‐indolyl) led to the formation of the nickel(II) fluorido bis(phosphine) complexes trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5NF4){PPh2(Ind)}2] and trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5HNF3){PPh2(Ind)}2]. The complexes are characterized by the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the NH group of the phosphine ligands and the fluorido ligand. Stochiometric model reactions of nickel(II) fluorido complexes with PhB(OH)2 revealed that the former can be considered as intermediates in Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Catalytic experiments were attempted using 10 mol‐% of trans‐[Ni(F)(2‐C5NF4){PPh2(Ind)}2] as catalyst and the activities of the PPh2(Ind) complex were compared to the ones of an analogous nickel(II) fluorido complex, bearing PPh3 instead of PPh2(Ind) as ligands. The latter exhibited a somewhat lower catalytic activity suggesting a slight influence of the H‐bonds in the outer coordination sphere.
Disease patterns and clinical outcomes of medical admissions at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Sadiq Abid M. , Njau Rosalia E. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe burden of noncommunicable diseases is increasing in developing countries and in settings with an existing communicable burden. The study aim was to identify the disease pattern, length of stay, and clinical outcome of medical admissions.MethodsA retrospective observational study of patients admitted to medical wards between 1st July 2019 and 30th June 2020, excluding those admitted for chemotherapy. The outcome measures were the pattern of disease, length of stay, and clinical outcome.ResultsA total of 3930 patients were analyzed. A total of 53.5% were males, and 42.9% were aged 51–75 years, with a median age of 57 years (IQR 41–71). A total of 41.3% had health insurance, 21.7% died, and the median length of stay was 6 days (IQR 4–9). Cardiovascular diseases were the most common diagnosis (26.8%) on admission and cause of death (27.9%). The common causes of death were stroke (15.1%), chronic kidney disease (11.1%), and heart failure (9.0%). Noninsured patients had a high mortality risk (odds ratios [OR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–1.96), which was also seen among patients aged more than 75 years (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.08–1.57), patients with communicable diseases (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23–1.68), and weekend admissions (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.08–1.55). The 72‐h admission window is critical due to a very high mortality risk (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.58–3.56).ConclusionCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of hospital admissions and deaths in a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. Lifestyle modification, health education, and community resources are needed to combat the growing burden of cardiovascular and renal disease.
Epidemiology and predictors of multimorbidity in Kharameh cohort study: A population‐based cross‐sectional study in southern Iran
Authors: Moftakhar Leila , Rezaeianzadeh Ramin , Ghoddusi Johari Masoumeh , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Rezaianzadeh Abbas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimMultimorbidity is one of the problems and concerns of public health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with multimorbidity based on the data of the Kherameh cohort study.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed on 10,663 individuals aged 40–70 years in the south of Iran in 2015 to 2017. Demographic and behavioral characteristics were investigated. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more of two chronic diseases in a person. In this study, the prevalence of multimorbidity was calculated. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of multimorbidity.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity was 24.4%. The age‐standardized prevalence rate was 18.01% in males and 29.6% in females. The most common underlying diseases were gastroesophageal reflux disease with hypertension (33.5%). Multiple logistic regression results showed that the age of 45–55 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.38), age of over 55 years (ORadj = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.06–1.37), obesity (ORadj = 3.65, 95% CI, 2.55–5.24), and overweight (ORadj = 2.92, 95% CI, 2.05–4.14) were the risk factors of multimorbidity. Also, subjects with high socioeconomic status (ORadj = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.1–1.45) and very high level of socioeconomic status (ORadj = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.31–1.79) had a higher chance of having multimorbidity. The high level of education, alcohol consumption, having job, and high physical activity had a protective role against it.ConclusionThe prevalence of multimorbidity was relatively high in the study area. According to the results of our study, age, obesity, and overweight had an important effect on multimorbidity. Therefore, determining interventional strategies for weight loss and control and treatment of chronic diseases, especially in the elderly, is very useful.
The rate of cesarean delivery changes after internal audit based on the Robson Ten Group Classification System in Lebanon
Authors: Abdallah Wael , Abi Tayeh Georges , Kesrouani Assaad , Nassar Malek , Finan Ramzi , Mansour Fersan , Attieh Elie , Suidan Joe , Bou Saba Camille , El Kassis Nadine , Yaghi Nancy , Aouad Norma , Atallah David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficiency of the Robson classification as an internal clinical audit and feedback of the high rate of cesarean delivery at Hotel Dieu de France, a tertiary referral hospital.MethodsA pre‐post study was conducted, with a retrospective approach in 2018 and 2019, identified as the pre‐period (before the implementation of the Robson classification), and with a prospective approach in 2020 and 2021, labeled the post‐period.ResultsThe total number of deliveries during the study period was 2560; 1305 patients were included in the pre‐period and 1255 patients delivered in the post‐period. No significant differences between the two groups were found. No significant difference was found in the overall rate of cesarean delivery between the first and second periods (57.86% vs 56.72%; P = 0.2). However, a significant decrease in the absolute contribution of groups 3 and 4 (multiparous women without a previous uterine scar with a single cephalic pregnancy, ≥37 weeks of gestation, with spontaneous labor or induced labor) in the overall rate of cesarean delivery was remarked (P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe Robson classification seems to be appropriate to monitor and audit the rate of cesarean delivery, but not sufficient to decrease the rate and change the practice.
Triboelectric nanogenerators for smart agriculture
Authors: Dai Shufen , Li Xunjia , Jiang Chengmei , Ping Jianfeng , Ying Yibin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid iterations of sensing, energy, and communication technologies transform traditional agriculture into standardized, intensive, and smart modern agriculture. However, the energy supply challenge for the plentiful sensors or other microdevices constraints the extensive application of intelligent technologies in agriculture. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which efficiently converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through contact electrification and electrostatic induction, is considered a promising way to build next‐generation intelligent energy supply networks. By efficiently harvesting low‐frequency mechanical energy from the agricultural environment, including wind, rain, and water flow energy, TENGs can be a strong contender for distributed power for microdevice networks in smart agriculture. In addition, highly customizable TENGs can be combined with microdevices in agriculture to enable self‐powered agricultural monitoring and production strategy adjustment. By deeply exploring the application potential of TENG in agriculture, it is conducive to further promoting unmanned production, refinement, and intelligence of agricultural production and enhancing agriculture's ability to combat natural risks.image
Biodistribution and toxicology evaluation of a recombinant measles Schwarz‐based Lassa vaccine in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Schrauf Sabrina , Tomberger Yvonne , Nambulli Sham , Duprex W. Paul , Tschismarov Roland , Tauber Erich , Ramsauer Katrin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMV‐LASV is an investigational measles Schwarz‐based vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. A repeated‐dose toxicity study in cynomolgus macaques was performed to assess the biodistribution and local and systemic toxicological effects. Monkeys received three immunizations of MV‐LASV or saline intramuscularly with a 2‐week interval. An increase in anti‐measles antibodies confirmed the reaction of the immune system to the vaccine backbone. Clinical observations, body weight, body temperature, local tolerance, electrocardiogram parameters, various clinical pathology parameters (hematology, coagulation urinalysis, serum chemistry, and C‐reactive protein) were monitored. Gross pathology and histopathology of various tissues were evaluated. MV‐LASV induced a mild increase in fibrinogen and C‐reactive protein concentrations. This coincided with microscopic inflammation at the injection sites which partially or fully resolved following a 3‐week recovery period. Viral RNA was found in secondary lymphoid organs and injection sites and gall bladder. No viral shedding to the environment was observed. Overall, the vaccine was locally and systemically well tolerated, supporting a first‐in‐human study.
Parental migration and self‐efficacy among rural‐origin adolescents in China: Patterns and mechanisms
Authors: Wen Ming , Wang Weidong , Ahmmad Zobayer , Jin Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale rural‐to‐urban migration has shaped the socialization contexts of rural adolescents in China and can potentially impact their developmental outcomes. In this study, using data from the first wave of the China Education Panel Study collected in 2013, we focused on self‐efficacy, an important but under‐studied facet of noncognitive development, and assessed how it was influenced by family migration status. We also explored the mediating role of family and school resources. We compared three groups of rural‐origin adolescents with different family migration statuses: rural left‐behind children (LBC), rural not‐left‐behind children (NLBC), and rural‐to‐urban migrant children (MC). Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate the main effects of rural‐origin groups on self‐efficacy and the mediating effects of family income, family social capital, and school social capital for the significant group effects on self‐efficacy. We found similar levels of self‐efficacy among MC and NLBC, who in turn, exhibited greater self‐efficacy than LBC. Discrepancies in family and school resources mediated the self‐efficacy gaps between LBC and their MC and NLBC counterparts. Notably, when their disadvantages in family and school resources were controlled for, LBC were more efficacious than MC and NLBC, indicating LBC's resilience and the potential for promoting self‐efficacy in LBC by providing adequate resources and support.
Effects of social support processes during implementation of community‐based randomized controlled trials: An example from a culturally adapted replication trial for Latino families
Authors: Cobb Cory L. , Martínez Charles R. , Schwartz Seth J. , Montero‐Zamora Pablo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsLittle work has considered the effects of salient interpersonal processes on the successful implementation and receipt of community‐based interventions within randomized control trial designs.MethodUsing data from the intervention arm (n = 120) of Nuestras Familias: Andando Entre Culturas (Our Families: Walking Between Cultures)—a community‐based parent training intervention among Latino families—we assessed the effects of two common social support processes (group member and group leader support) during intervention delivery on participant satisfaction, use of intervention techniques at program termination, and longer‐term parenting outcomes.ResultsFindings indicated that group member and leader social support predicted program satisfaction, and group leader support predicted greater use of intervention techniques at termination. However, social support processes did not predict longer‐term parenting outcomes.ConclusionGroup member and leader support may help to promote higher consumer satisfaction and initial use of intervention techniques in a community intervention for Latinos.
Varying intensity of simulated infection partially affects the magnitude of the acute‐phase immune response in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum
Authors: Carrizo María C. , Zenuto Roxana R. , Luna Facundo , Cutrera Ana P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe acute phase response (APR), coordinated by a complex network of components of the immune and neuroendocrine systems, plays a key role in early immune defense. This response can be elicited by a wide variety of pathogens at different intensities (frequencies and doses), hence experimental immune challenges with antigen gradients makes it possible to evaluate sickness progression with a better representation of what occurs in natural systems. However, how infection intensity could shape the APR magnitude in wild species is still poorly understood. Here, the immune response was activated in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum with a gradient of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg of body mass). Changes in body temperature, body mass, and energetic costs were evaluated over time. We also assessed cortisol levels, white blood cells counts and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios, before and after injection. Results indicated that during the APR, C. talarum shows a hyperthermic response, which is maintained for 6 h, with slight differences among antigen doses in the pattern of thermal response and body mass change. A maximum increase in body temperature of 0.83°C to 1.63°C was observed during the first hour, associated with a metabolic cost that ranged from 1.25 to 1.41 ml O2/gh. Although no clear effects of treatment were detected on leukocyte abundance, we found increments in neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios and gradual increases in cortisol levels corresponding to the intensity of simulated infection, which may indicate redistribution of immune cells and enhancement of immune function. An evident sickness syndrome was observed even at the lowest LPS dose that was characterized by an increase in body temperature, energy expenditure, and N: L ratio, as well as a dose‐dependent increase in cortisol levels. Although in nature, other constraints and challenges could affect the magnitude and costs of immune responses, C. talarum mounts an effective APR with a low increase in their daily energy expenditure, regardless of LPS dose.
An Integrated Clinical‐MR Radiomics Model to Estimate Survival Time in Patients With Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Li Xingfeng , Marcus Diana , Russell James , Aboagye Eric O. , Ellis Laura Burney , Sheeka Alexander , Park Won‐Ho Edward , Bharwani Nishat , Ghaem‐Maghami Sadaf , Rockall Andrea G. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundDetermination of survival time in women with endometrial cancer using clinical features remains imprecise. Features from MRI may improve the survival estimation allowing improved treatment planning.PurposeTo identify clinical features and imaging signatures on T2‐weighted MRI that can be used in an integrated model to estimate survival time for endometrial cancer subjects.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFour hundred thirteen patients with endometrial cancer as training (N = 330, 66.41 ± 11.42 years) and validation (N = 83, 67.60 ± 11.89 years) data and an independent set of 82 subjects as testing data (63.26 ± 12.38 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T and 3‐T scanners with sagittal T2‐weighted spin echo sequence.AssessmentTumor regions were manually segmented on T2‐weighted images. Features were extracted from segmented masks, and clinical variables including age, cancer histologic grade and risk score were included in a Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. A group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was implemented to determine the model from the training and validation datasets.Statistical TestsA likelihood‐ratio test and decision curve analysis were applied to compare the models. Concordance index (CI) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the model.ResultsThree radiomic features (two image intensity and volume features) and two clinical variables (age and cancer grade) were selected as predictors in the integrated model. The CI was 0.797 for the clinical model (includes clinical variables only) and 0.818 for the integrated model using training and validation datasets, the associated mean AUC value was 0.805 and 0.853. Using the testing dataset, the CI was 0.792 and 0.882, significantly different and the mean AUC was 0.624 and 0.727 for the clinical model and integrated model, respectively.Data ConclusionThe proposed CPH model with radiomic signatures may serve as a tool to improve estimated survival time in women with endometrial cancer.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2