bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lentivirus‐mediated subcutaneous JAM‐A modification promotes skin wound healing in a mouse model by strengthening the secretory function and proliferation of fibroblasts
Authors: Gong Teng , Wu Minjuan , Fan Xiaoming , Chen Zhaohong , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA better understanding of the molecular regulation of wound healing may provide novel therapeutic targets. A previous study revealed that junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM‐A)‐modified mesenchymal stem cells promoted wound healing. However, whether direct JAM‐A modification in the skin wound edge area accelerates the wound repair process is not clear. We determined whether JAM‐A modification at the skin wound edge accelerated the wound healing process. We established JAM‐A modification mouse wound models and mouse primary fibroblast cell models. Wound pictures were taken to compare the wound size. H&E staining was performed to monitor the morphology of the wound and quality of the newborn skin. CCK‐8 assays and immunofluorescence (IF) for Ki67 were used to measure the cell proliferation of mouse primary fibroblasts. Quantitative real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry, IF, and Western blot analysis were used to detect bFGF and EGF expression in vivo and in vitro. The JAM‐A‐overexpressing group exhibited a smaller residual wound size than the control group at Day 7. Thicker epidermal layers and more hair follicle‐like structures were found in the JAM‐A‐overexpressing group at Day 21. Cell proliferation capacity was higher in JAM‐A‐modified mouse fibroblasts. Elevated levels of bFGF and EGF were found in the JAM‐A‐modified group in vivo and in vitro. JAM‐A modification significantly promoted fibroblast proliferation and wound healing. Increased levels of bFGF and EGF growth factors may be part of the mechanism.
Mental health, welfare or justice: An introductory global overview of differences between countries in the scale and approach to secure placements of children and young people
Authors: Souverein Fleur , Hales Heidi , Anderson Philip , Argent Sarah Elizabeth , Bartlett Annie , Blower Aileen , Delmage Enys , Enell Sofia , Eske Henriksen Ann‐Karina , Koomen Kate , Oostermeijer Sanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimates suggest that over a million children per year are deprived of their liberty across the world. Little is known about the types, ethos or distribution of secure beds in which they are detained.AimThis study aims to provide quantitative data with background information, to explore similarities and differences across jurisdictions, and to inform critical inquiry into key concepts and practices.MethodsData was obtained using an opportunistic sample of affluent countries, derived from an emerging academic/practice network of senior professionals. Depending on jurisdiction, data was already in the public domain or specifically requested. Data requests were related to the nature and size of health, welfare and criminal justice elements of secure beds and recent occupancy. Key professionals working in child secure settings, within jurisdictions, provided commentary on local approaches.ResultsData was incomplete but allowed for comparisons between 10 jurisdictions. The proportions of the populations of children and young people detained varied by jurisdiction as did their distribution across variations of secure settings. Not all jurisdictions had all three kinds of secure settings. Definitions of secure beds varied depending on the use of relational, procedural or physical security.ConclusionFindings are tentative but suggestion solely considering numerical descriptions of children's detention is misleading; our study highlights ways in which comparative studies may be improved. Within reported jurisdictions, the framework of health, welfare and justice was meaningful but this may not hold true with a wider international application of this method. Open interrogation of this data would be enhanced by the inclusion of children's perspectives.
Transcatheter closure of fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm in children: Feasibility and long‐term results
Authors: Mahmoud Heba Talat , Gaio Gianpiero , Giordano Mario , Pizzuto Alessandra , Cuman Madgalena , Abdel Wahab Mohammed Abdel Kader , Palladino Maria Teresa , Russo Maria Giovanna , Santoro Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, extensive experience in transcatheter closure of fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in the pediatric population is limited.MethodsTo report on procedural feasibility, efficacy, and long‐term outcome, we enrolled all children submitted to an attempt of transcatheter closure of fenestrated ASA at two, large volume, pediatric cardiology units (Naples and Massa, Italy) between April 2000 to May 2020.ResultsThis retrospective study included 139 patients (median age 9 years [range 2–18] and weight 36 kg [range 10–102]); 19 (13.7%) children were ≤20 kg (range 10–20) and 14 (10.1%) were ≤5 years old. Single perforation was observed in 28 patients (20.1%), while 111 patients (79.9%) had multifenestrated ASA. The median size of the main defect was 15 mm (range 6–34) and 25 patients (18%) had a defect ≥20 mm. The procedural success rate was 99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.9–99.8) using a single device in 75 (69%), two devices in 31 (28%), and three devices in 3 (3%) cases. Early minor adverse events (AEs) occurred in four patients (2.8%). Late minor AEs were recorded in one patient (0.7%) over a median follow‐up of 5 years ([range 0–18 years; total 890.2 person‐years, and with 30 patients (22%) followed ≥10 years). Neither mortality nor major AEs were recorded. Freedom from AEs was 99.1% at 10–15 years (95% CI: 93.5–99.8%), without any difference according to atrial septum anatomy or patient age and weight.ConclusionTranscatheter closure of fenestrated ASA is technically feasible and effective in children with excellent long‐term outcomes.
Pulsed Laser Excited Photoacoustic Effect for Disease Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhixiong , Zhan Meixiao , Hu Xianglong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPulsed laser can excite light absorber to generate photoacoustic (PA) effect, that is, when the absorber is irradiated with pulsed laser, the absorbed light energy is converted into local heat to cause rapid thermoelastic expansion and generate acoustic wave. The generated PA signal has been widely employed for the diagnosis of many diseases with superb contrast, high penetrability and sensitivity. In addition, with the increase of pulsed laser energy, the resulting PA shockwave and cavitation can promote efficient drug release at lesion sites to potentiate the resulting therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the PA shockwave/cavitation can mechanically inhibit disease and produce reactive species. In this Concept article, the principle and research status of pulsed laser excited disease theranostics are briefly summarized, extra suggestions are proposed to inspire extensive PA probes and photodynamic materials as well as novel methodologies.
Site Occupancies, Electron–Vibration Interaction and Energy Transfer of CaMgSi2O6: Eu2+, Mn2+ Phosphors for Potential Temperature‐Sensing and Anti‐counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Su Fang , Yang Yunlin , Ou Yiyi , Zhou Weijie , Ma Fengkai , Zhang Jianhui , Brik Mikhail G. , Liang Hongbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEu2+‐, Mn2+‐ and Eu2+−Mn2+‐doped CaMgSi2O6 phosphors have been prepared by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Systematic investigation of the concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent luminescence of Mn2+ showed that Mn2+ ions occupy two distinct sites in CaMgSi2O6. Electron–vibration interaction (EVI) analyses of Mn2+ ions revealed Huang–Rhys factors of 4.73 and 2.82 as well as effective phonon energies of 313 and 383 cm−1 for the two sites. Eu2+−Mn2+ energy transfer is also discussed, and its efficiency is estimated by lifetime and luminescence spectra. The different thermal quenching behaviours of Eu2+ and Mn2+, the distinct emission colours of Eu2+ (blue, band peak at ∼451 nm) and Mn2+ (yellow–red range, band peaks at ∼583 and 693 nm) endow the co‐doped samples with potential applications in luminescence thermometry and temperature‐/excitation wavelength‐responsive dual anti‐counterfeiting.
Broad‐Spectrum Antidote Discovery by Untangling the Reactivation Mechanism of Nerve‐Agent‐Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Lindgren Cecilia , Forsgren Nina , Hoster Norman , Akfur Christine , Artursson Elisabet , Edvinsson Lotta , Svensson Richard , Worek Franz , Ekström Fredrik , Linusson Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReactivators are vital for the treatment of organophosphorus nerve agent (OPNA) intoxication but new alternatives are needed due to their limited clinical applicability. The toxicity of OPNAs stems from covalent inhibition of the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which reactivators relieve via a chemical reaction with the inactivated enzyme. Here, we present new strategies and tools for developing reactivators. We discover suitable inhibitor scaffolds by using an activity‐independent competition assay to study non‐covalent interactions with OPNA‐AChEs and transform these inhibitors into broad‐spectrum reactivators. Moreover, we identify determinants of reactivation efficiency by analysing reactivation and pre‐reactivation kinetics together with structural data. Our results show that new OPNA reactivators can be discovered rationally by exploiting detailed knowledge of the reactivation mechanism of OPNA‐inhibited AChE.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclobutenes through Desulfinative Spirocyclisation of gem‐Bis(triflyl)cyclobutenes
Authors: Hoshikawa Shoki , Yanai Hikaru , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA two‐step synthesis of less accessible spiro[cyclobutene‐1,9′‐fluorene] compounds from biaryl‐alkynes and 2‐(2‐fluoropyridin‐1‐ium‐1‐yl)‐1,1‐bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)ethan‐1‐ide, which serves as a potent precursor for outstandingly electrophilic Tf2C=CH2, has been developed. This synthetic methodology includes selective formation of gem‐bis(triflyl)cyclobutenes from biaryl‐alkynes and Tf2C=CH2 followed by desulfinative spirocyclisation mediated by 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIP). Besides, on the basis of the chameleonic reactivity of sulfone functionality, several derivatisations of triflylated spiro[cyclobutene‐1,9′‐fluorene] products have been successfully achieved.
Numerical study of the stress state on the oral mucosa and abutment tooth upon insertion of partial dentures in the mandible
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anantha Narayanan , Röhrle Oliver , Ludtka Christopher , Varghese Roshan , Koehler Josephine , Kiesow Andreas , Schwan Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe introduction of a removable partial denture onto the dental arch significantly influences the mechanical stress characteristics of both the jawbone and oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to analyze the stress state caused by biting forces upon insertion of partial dentures into the assembly, and to understand the influence of the resulting contact pressure on its retention behavior. For this purpose, a numerical model of a removable partial denture is proposed based on 3D models developed using computer tomography data of the jawbone and the removable partial denture. The denture system rests on the oral mucosa surface and three abutment teeth. The application of bite forces on the denture generated a stick condition on the loaded regions of the denture‐oral mucosa interface, which indicates positive retention of the denture onto the oral mucosa surface. Slip and negative retention were observed in the regions of the contact space that were not directly loaded. The contact pressures observed in the regions of the oral mucosa in contact with the denture were below the clinical pressure pain threshold value for soft tissue, which potentially lowers the risk of pain being experienced by denture users. Further, the variation of the retention behavior and contact pressures across different regions of the denture assembly was observed. Thus, there is a need for adhesives or restraining mechanisms for the denture system in order to avoid bending and deformation of sections of the denture as a consequence of the applied bite force.
Confinement‐Enhanced Selective Oxidation of Lignin Derivatives to Formic Acid Over Fe‐Cu/ZSM‐5 Catalysts Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Han Peijie , Li Leisu , Zhang Xindi , Cheng Xiaojie , Lin Jingdong , Wan Shaolong , Xiong Haifeng , Wang Yong , Wang Shuai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAqueous‐phase oxidation by H2O2, known as the Fenton‐type process, provides an attractive route to convert recalcitrant lignin derivatives to valuable chemicals under mild conditions. The development of this technology is, however, limited by the uncontrolled selectivity, resulting from the highly reactive nature of H2O2 and the thermodynamically favored deep oxidation to form CO2. This study demonstrated that formic acid could be produced with a high selectivity (up to 80.3 % at 313 K) from the Fenton‐type oxidation of guaiacol and several other lignin derivatives over a bimetallic Fe−Cu catalyst supported on a ZSM‐5 zeolite. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations unveiled that the micropores of the zeolite support, which contained active metal sites, preferred to adsorb C2−C4 intermediates over formic acid because of its stronger dispersive interaction with the larger guest molecules. This confinement effect significantly suppressed the secondary oxidation of formic acid, accounting for the uniquely high formic acid selectivity over Fe−Cu/ZSM‐5.
Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides by Using Tetramethylthiuram Monosulfide (TMTM) as Organosulfur Source: A Practical C(sp2)−S Bond Construction
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Jin‐Quan , Yang Xing‐Xing , Hao Er‐Jun , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA protocol for synthesizing symmetrical thioethers by using a cheap organosulfur reagent (tetramethylthiuram monosulfide: TMTM) was developed. Both iodobenzenes and phenylboronic acids react well with TMTM, giving the target products with good to excellent yields. This method features simple performance, wide functional group tolerance, and good to excellent yields, showing a potential application value for the synthesis of drug molecules.
Fabricating MOF‐derived Co3O4 Materials with Co‐catalysis Centers Matching 2‐reaction Sites of Dopamine for Extremely Low Limit of Detection
Authors: Kaiyue Zhang , Juan Li , Lulu Xiong , Wei Sun , Ming Chang Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA hollow Co3O4 turtle shell‐like structure (HS−Co3O4) was synthesized from ZIF‐67 and further employed for the first time to electrochemically real‐time monitor dopamine (DA) released from living cells. X‐ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical methods were used to study its physical and chemical properties and electrocatalytic behaviours. The as‐prepared DA HS−Co3O4 sensor accomplishes an outstanding limit of detection (LOD) of 3 nM, a broad linear range of 0.01–360 μM, good stability and high selectivity. It was further used to successfully real‐time monitor DA released from living cells, demonstrating its great potential in practical applications in clinic diagnosis and bioscience research. The great sensing enhancement mechanism is investigated, revealing that the unique nanostructure not only provides a high density of active centers, but also more interestingly renders a unique mechanism by creating an atomic match between the adjacent Co ions catalysis centers and the two reaction atomic sites of DA for a fast 2‐electron transfer path.
Capture and analysis of double‐stranded DNA with the α‐hemolysin nanopore: Fundamentals and applications
Authors: Denuga Shekemi , Whelan Donal E. , O'Neill Shane P. , Johnson Robert P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe α‐hemolysin nanopore has attracted much attention as a tool for the single‐molecule analysis of DNA due to its potential as an ultra‐sensitive, specific, and label‐free sensing technique. The vast majority of DNA sensing research with the α‐hemolysin nanopore has focused on interrogating single‐stranded DNA. Nevertheless, the structure of the α‐hemolysin pore, specifically the circa 32.6 cubic nanometer vestibule, is of sufficient size for a short section of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) to reside before unzipping into its single‐stranded constituents. In this review, we describe past and current literature relating to the rich information that can be obtained from the interrogation of dsDNA while residing within the α‐hemolysin nanopore vestibule, and the subsequent voltage‐driven unzipping of the residing DNA into its single‐stranded constituents. Applications for dsDNA interrogation and unzipping that have been implemented include DNA sequencing, disease diagnosis, and the identification of epigenetic modifications.
New insights on rocking of rigid blocks: Analytical solutions and exact energy‐based overturning criteria
Authors: Charalampakis Aristotelis E. , Tsiatas George C. , Tsopelas Panos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the underlying energy flow in rocking dynamics of rigid blocks is utilized to elucidate their response details and overturning conditions. Based merely on the law of the conservation of energy, the exact criteria for a rigid block to overturn in the free vibration regime are established for the first time in the context of both nonlinear and linear theory. That is, if the initial conditions of the free oscillation fall within the prescribed stable libration region, then it is a priori determined that the block will not overturn and vice versa. The analytical solution to the nonlinear free rocking problem is also derived, utilizing integration techniques originating from the solution of the nonlinear pendulum. Regarding the forced rocking problem, an approximate analytical solution is presented based on a Taylor series expansion of the equation of motion. Moreover, employing the newly derived overturning criterion richer pulse‐type overturning spectra are constructed, revealing stability and instability regions that had never been shown before in the literature. The new characteristics of the overturning spectra are elucidated using color maps. Finally, some new results concerning the design of solid blocks against rectangular and half‐sine acceleration pulses are presented.
Topographic controls on ice flow and recession for Juneau Icefield (Alaska/British Columbia)
Authors: Davies Bethan , Bendle Jacob , Carrivick Jonathan , McNabb Robert , McNeil Christopher , Pelto Mauri , Campbell Seth , Holt Tom , Ely Jeremy , Markle Bradley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobally, mountain glaciers and ice caps are losing dramatic volumes of ice. The resultant sea‐level rise is dominated by contributions from Alaska. Plateau icefields may be especially sensitive to climate change due to the non‐linear controls their topography imparts on their response to climate change. However, Alaskan plateau icefields have been subject to little structural glaciological or regional geomorphological assessment, which makes the controls on their present and former mass balance difficult to ascertain.We inventoried 1050 glaciers and 368 lakes in the Juneau Icefield region for the year 2019. We found that 63 glaciers had disappeared since the 2005 inventory, with a reduction in glacier area of 422 km2 (10.0%). We also present the first structural glaciological and geomorphological map for an entire icefield in Alaska. Glaciological mapping of >20 800 features included crevasses, debris cover, foliation, ogives, medial moraines and, importantly, areas of glacier fragmentation, where glaciers either separated from tributaries via lateral recession (n = 59), or disconnected within areas of former icefalls (n = 281). Geomorphological mapping of >10 200 landforms included glacial moraines, glacial lakes, trimlines, flutes and cirques. These landforms were generated by a temperate icefield during the Little Ice Age (LIA) neoglaciation. These data demonstrate that the present‐day outlet glaciers, which have a similar thermal and ice‐flow regime, have undergone largely continuous recession since the LIA. Importantly, disconnections occurring within glaciers can separate accumulation and ablation zones, increasing rates of glacier mass loss. We show that glacier disconnections are widespread across the icefield and should be critically taken into consideration when icefield vulnerability to climate change is considered.
Shared trust of resident physicians in top‐management and professional burnout: A cross‐sectional study towards capacity for patient‐focussed care, peer support and job expectations
Authors: Gabay Gillie , Netzer Doron , Elhayany Asher 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationalHospitals desire to achieve the strategy of patient‐centred care but burnout inhibits its implementation. Management has a role in responding to needs of patients, junior professional staff, and the hospital, in the present and future.AimTo test the association between shared organisational trust (OT) of resident physicians in top‐management, a systemic organisational process, and professional burnout among residents.MethodsParticipants in this cross‐sectional study, are 316 residents assigned to 31 internal medicine departments at eight out of 15 academic Israeli general public hospitals in various locations and sizes. All measures were published: Burnout, patient‐focussed care, shared trust in top‐management, and antecedents of organisational trust, which are: peer support, clinical autonomy, meeting expectations, and value congruence. Structural Equation Modelling was performed.ResultsThe structural equation modelling model was recursive, explaining 14% of the variance in burnout. Shared trust in top‐management was the strongest antecedent of burnout. The facilitation of patient‐focussed care created shared trust in top‐management which reduced burnout.DiscussionTo achieve patient‐centred care, management is called upon to reduce burnout by aligning organisational processes with patient‐focussed care. Shared trust in top‐management may reduce burnout and enhance residents' sense of meaningfulness, engagement, and well‐being.