bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonization‐dominated synergistic behaviors of ammonium hypophosphite/EG composite in improving flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Qiu Yong , Xi Baoan , Qian Lijun , Liu Anqi , Gao Lun‐Bagen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) with good anti‐ignition and self‐extinguishing performance is the fundamental way to prevent fire hazards in application. A binary composite system containing ammonium hypophosphite (NHP) and expandable graphite (EG) was applied to prepare flame‐retardant FPUF. The co‐action of NHP and EG exhibited high‐efficiency synergistic effect in improving the anti‐ignition, self‐extinguishing, and carbonization performance of FPUF. The analysis of micromorphology, element retention and chemical structure character on charring residue, reveals the physical–chemical synergistic carbonization mechanism of NHP/EG composite. The real‐time tracing on thermal‐decomposition volatiles, discloses the behaviors of NHP/EG composite in suppressing volatile fuel supply and toxic fume production. With an addition of 11 wt.% NHP and 7 wt.% EG, 11NHP/7EG achieved a limited oxygen index value of 30.3%, passed horizontal burning class HF‐1, and retained 55.6 wt.% charring residue. The peak of heat release rate and total heat release of 11NHP/7EG were both reduced by more than 50%, compared with that of pristine FPUF. The synergistic flame‐retardant mechanism of NHP/EG composite provides a valuable reference for high‐performance flame‐retardant FPUF manufacturing.
A way to enhance the mechanical performance and UV visible‐light barrier of polyethylene terephthalate packaging material: Synthesis and application of takedaite (Ca3B2O6)
Authors: Kocayavuz Ozden , Demirel Bilal , Yaraş Ali , Akkurt Fatih , Daver Fugen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/takedaite (Ca3B2O6) composite bottles, an innovative packaging material with better performance. For this, Ca3B2O6 was firstly synthesized by sol–gel route and then it was incorporated to PET at five rates by extrusion. Finally, preform and PET bottles were produced by injection and stretch‐blow‐molding processes, respectively. The results showed that the use of Ca3B2O6 significantly improved the mechanical performance and UV transmittance of PET. Compared to pure PET, the load‐carrying capacity and burst strength enhanced by 133.66% and 54.16%, respectively. Environmental stress cracking (ESC) time increased from 0.3 to 18 min at 0.8% Ca3B2O6 concentration. Moreover, UV transmittance (~85%) of PET decreased to approximately ~18% in the visible region with the incorporation of 0.8 wt% Ca3B2O6. In terms of chemical degradation, Ca3B2O6 incorporation did not change the diethylene glycol (DEG) and isophthalic acid (IPA) rates, however it played an enhancing and reductive role in acetaldehyde (AA) and carboxylic acid (COOH) degradations, respectively. Accordingly, this novel product offers the opportunity to minimize the problems that may occur due to transportation/storage and photocatalytic degradation of food and beverages in PET packaging.
Second‐level global sensitivity analysis of numerical simulators with application to an accident scenario in a sodium‐cooled fast reactor
Authors: Meynaoui Anouar , Marrel Amandine , Laurent Béatrice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerical simulators are widely used to model physical phenomena and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) aims at studying the global impact of the input uncertainties on the simulator output. To perform GSA, statistical tools based on inputs/output dependence measures are commonly used. We focus here on the Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC). Sometimes, the probability distributions modeling the uncertainty of inputs may be themselves uncertain and it is important to quantify their impact on GSA results. We call it here the second‐level global sensitivity analysis (GSA2). However, GSA2, when performed with a Monte Carlo double‐loop, requires a large number of model evaluations, which is intractable with CPU time expensive simulators. To cope with this limitation, we propose a new statistical methodology based on a Monte Carlo single‐loop with a limited calculation budget. First, we build a unique sample of inputs and simulator outputs, from a well‐chosen probability distribution of inputs. From this sample, we perform GSA for various assumed probability distributions of inputs by using weighted HSIC measures estimators. Statistical properties of these weighted estimators are demonstrated. Subsequently, we define 2nd‐level HSIC‐based measures between the distributions of inputs and GSA results, which constitute GSA2 indices. The efficiency of our GSA2 methodology is illustrated on an analytical example, thereby comparing several technical options. Finally, an application to a test case simulating a severe accidental scenario on nuclear reactor is provided.
Self‐Assembled Supercrystals Enhance the Photothermal Conversion for Solar Evaporation and Water Purification
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Yin Xiaomeng , Zhang Changbo , Li Yiming , Xiang Kunjiao , Luo Wenlei , Qiao Xuezhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotothermal materials can convert renewable solar energy into thermal energy and have great potential for solar water evaporation. Copper sulfide (Cu2−xS) is an easily available and inexpensive plasmonic material with a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can be applied to solar evaporation and water purification. Monodispersed Cu7S4 nanoparticles (NPs) and supercrystalline self‐assembled superparticles are obtained via wet chemical synthesis and micelle self‐assembly. The photothermal properties of the superstructures are investigated using the finite difference time domain method and laser radiation photothermography. The results show that the electromagnetic field intensity and photothermal efficiency of the self‐assembly are significantly higher than those of isolated NPs, which is due to the plasmonic coupling of the NPs. The evaporation efficiency of the superstructure is significantly higher than that of isolated NPs, the metal salt ion and total organic carbon concentrations in the waterbody significantly decrease after evaporation, and the water polluted by high salt and organic dye concentrations is purified. The water quality significantly improves after the lake water from Fuxian Lake in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau of China is used for solar evaporation. The color changes from pale yellow to colorless and the ion and total organic carbon contents significantly decrease.
Solution‐Processed Perovskite/Metal‐Oxide Hybrid X‐Ray Detector and Array with Decoupled Electronic and Ionic Transport Pathways
Authors: Jin Peng , Tang Yingjie , Xu Xuehui , Ran Peng , Wang Yan , Tian Yue , Huang Yong , Zhu Bowen , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLead halide perovskites possess heavy elements and excellent mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product, becoming desirable candidates for X‐ray detectors. However, current perovskite photoconduction detectors (PCDs) with vertical geometry, where electronic signals and mobile ions share the same conduction path, are facing with extremely challenging ion‐migration issue. Herein, a hybrid X‐ray detector device structure, in which perovskite is vertically stacked onto an indium oxide (In2O3) transistor with lateral transport geometry is designed, perovskite mainly acts as X‐ray sensitizer to activate In2O3 conduction channel, the actual electrical signal is conducted and collected in the lateral metal‐oxide device. With the decoupled ionic and electronic transportation, hybrid detectors are insensitive to the ionic motion of perovskite, hence demonstrating no hysteresis and almost no shifting of baseline that are often observed in PCDs, hybrid detectors also exhibit reduced dark current, improved response time, and four times higher photocurrent signals. Finally, array integration of hybrid detectors and preliminary X‐ray imaging is realized. The work provides an effective device strategy in addition to the mere material alternations to attain high‐performance perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors and arrays.
Creep relaxation in nonlinear viscoelastic twisted rods
Authors: Sevastyanov Georgiy M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe solution to the problem of stress relaxation in a twisted nonlinear viscoelastic isotropic incompressible rod is presented. We address the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into reversible (elastic) and irreversible (creep) parts. The elastic potential and the creep potential can be chosen arbitrarily. In particular, the creep law can take into account both the nonlinearity of the relationship between the strain rate and the effective stress, and time‐hardening or softening. We consider two variants of creep constitutive relations. One is based on the Tresca equivalent stress, the other is based on the von Mises equivalent stress. The first of them leads to a significant simplification of the governing equations because in this case a radial elastic strain vanishes. In this framework, we obtain a closed‐form solution in elementary functions for the coupling of Mooney–Rivlin elastic model and linear creep law. For the von Mises material, numerical‐analytical results are obtained. The results are compared with the known small‐strain solutions.
Numerical study of natural convection dissipative electro‐magnetic non‐Newtonian flow through a non‐Darcy channel
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Bég O. Anwar , Leonard Henry John , Kuharat Sireetorn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInspired by simulating duct thermal processing of novel functional polymers, a novel mathematical model is developed for buoyancy‐driven heat transfer in non‐Newtonian Williamson fluid flow in a vertical parallel plate duct containing a permeable medium, under mutually orthogonal electrical and magnetic fields. The momentum equation features electrical and magnetic body force terms, and the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer mode is used for non‐Darcy effects. The energy balance equation includes thermal buoyancy (natural convection body force) and a modified viscous dissipation term. The conservation equations with associated boundary conditions are reframed into a system of coupled non‐linear ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity transformations. The emerging dimensionless boundary value problem is then solved with a differential transform method (DTM). Validation of DTM solutions with the bvp4c MATLAB collocation solver is included. The influence of key parameters on velocity, temperature and average Nusselt number, are computed and illustrated graphically. With elevation in Weissenberg (non‐Newtonian) number, velocity and temperature are reduced. Velocity is suppressed with increasing non‐Darcian parameter (Forchheimer effect) whereas it is enhanced with increment in buoyancy convection parameter. With increasing Forchheimer, Darcy number and Hartmann number, the average Nusselt number is boosted whereas it is decreased with higher values of buoyancy convection parameter, Brinkman number and Weissenberg number. A strong reduction in temperature is computed with increment in ratio of Joule electrical heating to heat conduction parameter. DTM is shown to be an exceptionally accurate and versatile approach for simulating non‐Newtonian electromagnetohydrodynamic transport in ducts.
Glocal Challenges in the Present and the Future
Authors: Mihr Anja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change, digitalization, and urbanization are key global challenges that can only be dealt with glocally, namely by finding individual and community-based solutions and apply internationally and globally agreed norms, for example agreed reduction of emission to lower global heating. The user, citizen, and consumer are the main stakeholder and problem solver in respect to glocal challenges. The challenges is how we transform the state-based International Human Rights Regime, Democracy and Rule of Law into a glocal one, beyond national and territorial and administrative powers and the classical concept of statehood. Principles of good governance, universal jurisdiction, and customary international human rights law are principle and practices that help to glocalize governance in all aspects of life.
“Seafarers should be navigating by the stars”: barriers to usability in ship bridge design
Authors: Danielsen Brit-Eli , Lützhöft Margareta , Haavik Torgeir Kolstø , Johnsen Stig Ole , Porathe Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNavigating a ship is a complex task that requires close interaction between navigators and technology available on the ship’s bridge. The quality of this interaction depends on human and organisational factors, but also on technological design. This is recognized by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the SOLAS V/15 regulation that requires human factor considerations in bridge design. The objective of this paper is to investigate how tensions between the main stakeholders’ interests and perspectives in ship bridge design may influence the achievement of the goals set forth in the SOLAS V/15 regulation. This objective is explored through a qualitative study in the maritime industry, involving seafarers, shipowners, and equipment manufacturers. We find suboptimal ship bridge design usability to be connected to structural characteristics of the maritime sector, where different aims and perspectives between core stakeholders impairs alignment with respect to conception of work-as-done in the operative environment. We also find that profitability is a major driver for the blunt end stakeholders, for whom the relation between usability and profitability is perceived as a trade-off rather than of synergy. We conclude that there is a need to develop processes, enablers, and management tools to (1) update the understanding of the professional competence needed in the technology dense work environment on ship bridges today; (2) strengthen the maritime stakeholders’ awareness of the advantages of human-centred design (HCD) which are both operator well-being and system performance; (3) enable implementation of HCD into existing design and development processes; (4) provide metrics for business cases enabling informed ergonomic investment decisions.
Mechanisms behind context-dependent role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer progression
Authors: Butz Henriett , Patócs Attila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs), mostly dexamethasone (dex), are routinely administered as adjuvant therapy to manage side effects in breast cancer. However, recently, it has been revealed that dex triggers different effects and correlates with opposite outcomes depending on the breast cancer molecular subtype. This has raised new concerns regarding the generalized use of GC and suggested that the context-dependent effects of GCs can be taken into potential consideration during treatment design. Based on this, attention has recently been drawn to the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize the different mechanisms behind different context-dependent GC actions in breast cancer by applying a multilevel examination, starting from the association of variants of the GR-encoding gene to expression at the mRNA and protein level of the receptor, and its interactions with other factors influencing GC action in breast cancer. The role of GCs in chemosensitivity and chemoresistance observed during breast cancer therapy is discussed. In addition, experiences using GC targeting therapeutic options (already used and investigated in preclinical and clinical trials), such as classic GC dexamethasone, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators, the GC antagonist mifepristone, and GR coregulators, are also summarized. Evidence presented can aid a better understanding of the biology of context-dependent GC action that can lead to further advances in the personalized therapy of breast cancer by the evaluation of GR along with the conventional estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the routine diagnostic procedure.
Improving Parent–Child Relationships for Young Parents in the Shadow of Complex Trauma: A Single-Case Experimental Design Series
Authors: Kemmis-Riggs Jacqueline , Dickes Adam , Rogers Kris , Berle David , McAloon John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
The Validation of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire for Use in the Dutch Population
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Chaya , Ensink Judith B. M. , Güldner Max G. , Kan Kees Jan , De Jonge Maretha V. , Lindauer Ramón J. L. , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder in children/adolescents, characterized by the absence of speaking in specific social situations, mostly at school. The selective mutism questionnaire (SMQ) is a parent report, internationally used to assess SM symptomatology and treatment outcomes. Since no assessment instrument for SM was available in the Netherlands, our aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the SMQ, through reliability, confirmatory factor, and ROC analyses conducted on data obtained in 303 children (ages 3–17 years; clinical SM group n = 106, control group n = 197). The SMQ turned out to be highly reliable (α = 0.96 in the combined sample; 0.83 within the clinical group) and followed the expected factor structure. We conclude that the Dutch version of the SMQ is a reliable and valid tool both as a screening and clinical instrument to assess SM in Dutch speaking children.
MY11 exerts antitumor effects through activation of the NF-κB/PUMA signaling pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Ye Qun , Jiang Ziwei , Xie Ying , Xu Yuanhong , Ye Yiyi , Ma Lei , Pei Lixia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and the discovery of new effective breast cancer therapies with lower toxicity is still needed. We screened a series of chalcone derivatives and found that MY11 ((E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one) had the strongest anti-breast cancer activity. MY11 inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis, through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. PDTC (Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium), a specific inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, abolished the inhibitory effect of MY11 treatment. NF-κB has been shown to regulate PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that MY11 promoted breast cancer cell apoptosis by activating the NF-κB/PUMA/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (including Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-9). MY11 also inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model by inducing apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, importantly, with minimal toxicity. In addition, MY11 was found by docking analysis to bind to p65, which might enhance the stability of the p65 protein. Taken together, our findings indicate that MY11 exerts a significant anticancer effect in breast cancer and that it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
Computer games and the study of terminology: An application to national accounts
Authors: Melchor-Ferrer Elias , Davia-Rodriguez Maria Angeles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

This paper introduces a computer application, based on The Alphabet Game, designed to assist students of all disciplines understand the key academic concepts used in their respective fields, with specific application to economics and the study of national accounts. This approach offers a valuable contribution, in view of the difficulties often encountered in presenting key national accounting concepts in a dynamic and appealing manner. Due to the flexibility of the application, it can also be adapted to other fields of knowledge requiring the use of specialized or technical concepts. To assess the game’s impact on enhancing learning, students of national accounts in economics were asked to assess their participation by means of an attitudinal survey focusing on motivation, quality of learning, and the effective use of time. The survey was completed by 60 students from two Spanish universities. The overall assessment of the game was strongly correlated with its contribution to the memorization of concepts, usefulness, and enjoy ability. The second evaluation assessed the impact of the game through measurement of its effect on academic performance, with students´ academic records related to the scores from both individual and group gameplay. The assessment was done using a multivariate analysis consisting of a set of semi-logarithmic regression models in which the exam score was the dependent variable and a combination of game results according to the version played (individual, group, or both) were the explanatory variables. All combinations indicated that the individual game is much more strongly related to overall academic performance than the group score. However, to better assess the game, a control group, homogeneous samples, or pre- and post-tests should be used. Finally, to improve the game’s impact on learning, it can be used as a compulsory scoring activity, or a badge system could be implemented. Nonetheless, this tool should only be understood as an inextricable part of other assessment and learning activities.
Surrogate modeling of the effective elastic properties of spherical particle-reinforced composite materials
Authors: García-Merino José Carlos , Calvo-Jurado Carmen , García-Macías Enrique 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the development of a surrogate model to predict the macroscopic elastic properties of polymer composites doped with spherical particles. To this aim, a polynomial chaos expansion based Kriging metamodeling technique has been developed. The training experimental design is constructed through a dataset of numerical representative volume elements (RVEs) considering randomly dispersed spherical particles. The RVEs are discretized using finite elements, and the effective elastic properties are obtained by implementing periodic boundary conditions. Parametric analyses are reported to assess the convergence of the scale of the RVE and the mesh density. The accuracy of the proposed metamodelling approach to bypass the computationally expensive numerical homogenization has been evaluated through different metrics. Overall, the presented results evidence the efficiency of the proposed surrogate modelling, enabling the implementation of computationally intensive techniques such as material optimization.