bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting small-scale fluctuations in α-attractor models of inflation
Authors: Iacconi Laura , Assadullahi Hooshyar , Fasiello Matteo , Wands David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCosmologicalα-attractors stand out as particularly compelling models to describe inflation in the very early universe, naturally meeting tight observational bounds from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. We investigateα-attractor potentials in the presence of an inflection point, leading to enhanced curvature perturbations on small scales. We study both single- and multi-field models, driven by scalar fields living on a hyperbolic field space. In the single-field case, ultra-slow-roll dynamics at the inflection point is responsible for the growth of the power spectrum, while in the multi-field set-up we study the effect of geometrical destabilisation and non-geodesic motion in field space. The two mechanisms can in principle be distinguished through the spectral shape of the resulting scalar power spectrum on small scales. These enhanced scalar perturbations can lead to primordial black hole (PBH) production and second-order gravitational wave (GW) generation. Due to the existence of universal predictions inα-attractors, consistency with current CMB constraints on the large-scale spectral tilt implies that PBHs can only be produced with masses smaller than 108g and are accompanied by ultra-high frequency GWs, with a peak expected to be at frequencies of order 10 kHz or above.
Induced gravitational waves from the cosmic coincidence
Authors: Balaji Shyam , Silk Joseph , Wu Yi-Peng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The induced gravitational wave (GW) background from enhanced primordial scalar perturbations is one of the most promising observational consequences of primordial black hole (PBH) formation from inflation. We investigate the induced GW spectrum ΩIGW from single-field inflation in the general ultra-slow-roll (USR) framework, restricting the peak frequency band to be inside 10-3-1 Hz and saturating PBH abundance to comprise all dark matter (DM) in the ultralight asteroid-mass window. By invoking successful baryogenesis driven by USR inflation, we verify the viable parameter space for the specific density ratio between baryons and PBH DM observed today, the so-called “cosmic coincidence.” We show that the cosmic coincidence requirement bounds the spectral index n
UV in the high frequency limit, ΩIGW(f ≫ 1) ∝ f
-2n
UV
, into 0 < n
UV < 1, which implies that baryogenesis triggered by USR inflation for PBHs in the mass range of 10-16-10-12 M⊙ can be tested by upcoming Advanced LIGO and Virgo data and next generation experiments such as LISA, Einstein Telescope, TianQin and DECIGO.
A note on hidden quantum discord in two- and three-qubit systems under local filtering operations
Authors: Yang Chunyan , Xiao Youwang , Wang Jing , Li Ming , Li Lei , Shen Shuqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the primary goal of quantum information theory is to understand and quantify the various correlations that exist in quantum systems. Quantum correlation is broader than quantum entanglement, and quantum discord has always attracted more attention. In this paper, we investigate the hidden properties of quantum discord. In particular, for a class of two-qubit states, we prove the existence of hidden quantum discord under local filtering operations and give sufficient conditions for the absence of hidden quantum discord. For a class of three-qubit states, we investigate hidden geometric discord and analyze its dynamic behavior under several conditions. Furthermore, by comparing two- and three-qubit systems, we discover the inconsistency of hidden discord for

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Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation modulated by platinum ditelluride nanosheets
Authors: Hu Jianbang , Yang Lingling , Chen Longlong , Huang Jing , Zhu Hao , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We demonstrated the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared (MIR) pulse from an Er3+-doped ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF (ZBLAN) fiber laser modulated by platinum ditelluride nanosheets experimentally. The platinum ditelluride nanosheets exhibit strong nonlinear absorption with the saturation intensity 46.5 GW cm−2 and modulation depth 27.8% at 2.8 μm wavelength, respectively. With the saturable absorber mirror fabricated by depositing the platinum ditelluride nanosheets on a gold mirror, we have obtained the stable Q-switched pulses with repetition rate of 173.4 kHz and pulse duration of 600 ns at 2.8 μm wavelength under the pump power of 5.6 W. In addition, the maximum average output power and pulse energy reach 591 mW and 3.41 μJ, respectively. The experimental results confirm that the platinum ditelluride nanosheets exhibit excellent nonlinear optical behavior towards the MIR spectral range, and may make inroads towards MIR photonics with group-10 transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Predicting Supermassive Black Hole Mass with Machine Learning Methods
Authors: He Yi , Guo Qi , Shao Shi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is crucial to measure the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in understanding the co-evolution between the SMBHs and their host galaxies. Previous methods usually require spectral data which are expensive to obtain. We use the AGN catalog from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey project Data Release 7 (DR7) to investigate the correlations between SMBH mass and their host galaxy properties. We apply the machine learning algorithms, such as Lasso regression, to establish the correlation between the SMBH mass and various photometric properties of their host galaxies. We find an empirical formula that can predict the SMBH mass according to galaxy luminosity, colors, surface brightness, and concentration. The root-mean-square error is 0.5 dex, comparable to the intrinsic scatter in SMBH mass measurements. The 1σ scatter in the relation between the SMBH mass and the combined galaxy properties relation is 0.48 dex, smaller than the scatter in the SMBH mass versus galaxy stellar mass relation. This relation could be used to study the SMBH mass function and the AGN duty cycles in the future.
Condensation transition in large deviations of self-similar Gaussian processes with stochastic resetting
Authors: Smith Naftali R , Majumdar Satya N 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the fluctuations of the areaA(t)=∫0tx(τ)dτunder a self-similar Gaussian processx(τ) with Hurst exponentH> 0 (e.g., standard or fractional Brownian motion, or the random acceleration process) that stochastically resets to the origin at rater. Typical fluctuations ofA(t) scale as∼tfor largetand on this scale the distribution is Gaussian, as one would expect from the central limit theorem. Here our main focus is on atypically large fluctuations ofA(t). In the long-time limitt→ ∞, we find that the full distribution of the area takes the formPrA|t∼exp−tαΦA/tβwith anomalous exponentsα= 1/(2H+ 2) andβ= (2H+ 3)/(4H+ 4) in the regime of moderately large fluctuations, and a different anomalous scaling formPrA|t∼exp−tΨA/t2H+3/2in the regime of very large fluctuations. The associated rate functions Φ(y) and Ψ(w) depend onHand are found exactly. Remarkably, Φ(y) has a singularity that we interpret as a first-order dynamical condensation transition, while Ψ(w) exhibits a second-order dynamical phase transition above which the number of resetting events ceases to be extensive. The parabolic behavior of Φ(y) around the originy= 0 correctly describes the typical, Gaussian fluctuations ofA(t). Despite these anomalous scalings, we find that all of the cumulants of the distributionPrA|tgrow linearly in time,⟨An⟩c≈cnt, in the long-time limit. For the case of reset Brownian motion (corresponding toH= 1/2), we develop a recursive scheme to calculate the coefficientscnexactly and use it to calculate the first six nonvanishing cumulants.
Activation of water in the downstream of low-pressure ammonia plasma discharge
Authors: Rathore Vikas , Desai Vyom , Jamnapara Nirav I. , Nema Sudhir Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work, we study the physicochemical changes that arise in water named plasma processed water (PPW) when it is exposed to the downstream low-pressure discharge of ammonia (NH3) gas. Optical emission spectroscopy and voltage-current characteristics of NH3 plasma are studied to identify species formed in NH3 plasma along with plasma characterization. A three-way full factorial design of experiment is performed to study the effect of process parameters named applied voltage, post-discharge gas-water interaction time, and NH3 gas pressure on physicochemical properties of PPW. The obtained results are analyzed using analysis of variance, standardized effect estimation, regression analysis, and response surfaces. The optimum values of these properties and PPW process parameters are estimated using MATLAB fmincon solver with experimental constraints. The emission spectrum of NH3 plasma showed strong intensity N2
+ lines along with weak intensity N2, NH, and N+ lines. The obtained results showed the post-discharge gas-water interaction time and applied voltage had a significant impact on physicochemical properties and ammonium ions concentration in PPW. The obtained optimum value of voltage and time is 550 V and 15 min with given experimental constraints.
Development of a T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen for the suppression of multiple myeloma cell growth
Authors: Huo Jianxin , Huang Yuhan , Zheng Ziying , Tay Xin Ni , Mahfut Farouq Bin , Zhang Wei , Lam Kong-Peng , Yang Yuansheng , Xu Shengli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. It has emerged as one of the next possible hematological diseases amenable to immunotherapy. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is highly expressed in MM cells and is one target with the most potential for developing MM-targeting immunotherapy. Other than the FDA-approved BCMA-targeting CAR T-cell therapy, such as Abecma and CARVYKTI, T cell-engaging multi-specific antibody is another promising therapeutic modality for BCMA-targeting MM treatment. We develop a T-cell redirecting BCMA-targeting bispecific antibody (bsAb) and evaluate its anti-MM activity.MethodsWe first generated several clones of mouse anti-human BCMA monoclonal antibodies using DNA immunization. One of the anti-BCMA antibodies was then used to design and produce a T cell-redirecting BCMA × CD3 bsAb in CHO cells. Finally, we examined the effect of the bsAb on MM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe BCMA × CD3 bsAb was designed in a FabscFv format and produced in CHO cells with good yield and purity. Moreover, the bsAb can trigger robust T cell proliferation and activation and induce efficient T cell-mediated MM cell killing in vitro. Using a MM xenograft mouse model, we demonstrate that the bsAb can effectively suppress MM cell growth in vivo.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the BCMA × CD3 bsAb in the FabscFv format can efficiently inhibit MM cell growth and have promising potential to be developed into a therapeutic antibody drug for the treatment of MM.
idenMD-NRF: a ranking framework for miRNA-disease association identification
Authors: Zhang Wenxiang , Wei Hang , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying miRNA-disease associations is an important task for revealing pathogenic mechanism of complicated diseases. Different computational methods have been proposed. Although these methods obtained encouraging performance for detecting missing associations between known miRNAs and diseases, how to accurately predict associated diseases for new miRNAs is still a difficult task. In this regard, a ranking framework named idenMD-NRF is proposed for miRNA-disease association identification. idenMD-NRF treats the miRNA-disease association identification as an information retrieval task. Given a novel query miRNA, idenMD-NRF employs Learning to Rank algorithm to rank associated diseases based on high-level association features and various predictors. The experimental results on two independent test datasets indicate that idenMD-NRF is superior to other compared predictors. A user-friendly web server of idenMD-NRF predictor is freely available at http://bliulab.net/idenMD-NRF/.
DSEATM: drug set enrichment analysis uncovering disease mechanisms by biomedical text mining
Authors: Luo Zhi-Hui , Zhu Li-Da , Wang Ya-Min , Hu Qian Sheng , Li Menglu , Zhang Wen , Chen Zhen-Xia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDisease pathogenesis is always a major topic in biomedical research. With the exponential growth of biomedical information, drug effect analysis for specific phenotypes has shown great promise in uncovering disease-associated pathways. However, this method has only been applied to a limited number of drugs. Here, we extracted the data of 4634 diseases, 3671 drugs, 112 809 disease–drug associations and 81 527 drug–gene associations by text mining of 29 168 919 publications. On this basis, we proposed a ‘Drug Set Enrichment Analysis by Text Mining (DSEATM)’ pipeline and applied it to 3250 diseases, which outperformed the state-of-the-art method. Furthermore, diseases pathways enriched by DSEATM were similar to those obtained using the TCGA cancer RNA-seq differentially expressed genes. In addition, the drug number, which showed a remarkable positive correlation of 0.73 with the AUC, plays a determining role in the performance of DSEATM. Taken together, DSEATM is an auspicious and accurate disease research tool that offers fresh insights.
Research progress and application prospects of stable porcine pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Jinying , Zhi Minglei , Gao Dengfeng , Zhu Qianqian , Gao Jie , Zhu Gaoxiang , Cao Suying , Han Jianyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) harbor the capacity of unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, which are crucial for basic research and biomedical science. Establishment of PSCs with defined features was previously reported from mice and humans, while generation of stable large animal PSCs has experienced a relatively long trial stage and only recently has made breakthroughs. Pigs are regarded as ideal animal models for their similarities in physiology and anatomy to humans. Generation of porcine PSCs would provide cell resources for basic research, genetic engineering, animal breeding, and cultured meat. In this review, we summarize the progress on the derivation of porcine PSCs and reprogramed cells and elucidate the mechanisms of pluripotency changes during pig embryo development. This will be beneficial for understanding the divergence and conservation between different species involved in embryo development and the pluripotent-regulated signaling pathways. Finally, we also discuss the promising future applications of stable porcine PSCs. Even though challenges remain in the field of porcine stem cells, these progress and viewpoints would provide guidance in future research direction.
Validating visual evoked potentials as a preclinical, quantitative biomarker for remyelination efficacy
Authors: Cordano Christian , Sin Jung H , Timmons Garrett , Yiu Hao H , Stebbins Karin , Guglielmetti Caroline , Cruz-Herranz Andres , Xin Wendy , Lorrain Daniel , Chan Jonah R , Green Ari J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many biomarkers in clinical neuroscience lack pathological certification. This issue is potentially a significant contributor to the limited success of neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies for human neurological disease—and is evident even in areas with therapeutic promise such as myelin repair. Despite the identification of promising remyelinating candidates, biologically validated methods to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy or provide robust preclinical evidence of remyelination in the CNS are lacking. Therapies with potential to remyelinate the CNS constitute one of the most promising and highly anticipated therapeutic developments in the pipeline to treat multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. The optic nerve has been proposed as an informative pathway to monitor remyelination in animals and human subjects. Recent clinical trials using visual evoked potential have had promising results, but without unequivocal evidence about the cellular and molecular basis for signal changes on visual evoked potential, the interpretation of these trials is constrained. The visual evoked potential was originally developed and used in the clinic as a diagnostic tool but its use as a quantitative method for assessing therapeutic response requires certification of its biological specificity. Here, using the tools of experimental pathology we demonstrate that quantitative measurements of myelination using both histopathological measures of nodal structure and ultrastructural assessments correspond to visual evoked potential latency in both inflammatory and chemical models of demyelination. Visual evoked potential latency improves after treatment with a tool remyelinating compound (clemastine), mirroring both quantitative and qualitative myelin assessment. Furthermore, clemastine does not improve visual evoked potential latency following demyelinating injury when administered to a transgenic animal incapable of forming new myelin. Therefore, using the capacity for therapeutic enhancement and biological loss of function we demonstrate conclusively that visual evoked potential measures myelin status and is thereby a validated tool for preclinical verification of remyelination.
Protocol for multicentre comparison of interictal high-frequency oscillations as a predictor of seizure freedom
Authors: Dimakopoulos Vasileios , Gotman Jean , Stacey William , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Jacobs Julia , Papadelis Christos , Cimbalnik Jan , Worrell Gregory , Sperling Michael R , Zijlmans Maike , Imbach Lucas , Frauscher Birgit , Sarnthein Johannes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In drug-resistant focal epilepsy, interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) recorded from intracranial EEG (iEEG) may provide clinical information for delineating epileptogenic brain tissue. The iEEG electrode contacts that contain HFO are hypothesized to delineate the epileptogenic zone; their resection should then lead to postsurgical seizure freedom. We test whether our prospective definition of clinically relevant HFO is in agreement with postsurgical seizure outcome. The algorithm is fully automated and is equally applied to all data sets. The aim is to assess the reliability of the proposed detector and analysis approach.
We use an automated data-independent prospective definition of clinically relevant HFO that has been validated in data from two independent epilepsy centres. In this study, we combine retrospectively collected data sets from nine independent epilepsy centres. The analysis is blinded to clinical outcome. We use iEEG recordings during NREM sleep with a minimum of 12 epochs of 5 min of NREM sleep. We automatically detect HFO in the ripple (80–250 Hz) and in the fast ripple (250–500 Hz) band. There is no manual rejection of events in this fully automated algorithm. The type of HFO that we consider clinically relevant is defined as the simultaneous occurrence of a fast ripple and a ripple. We calculate the temporal consistency of each patient’s HFO rates over several data epochs within and between nights. Patients with temporal consistency &lt;50% are excluded from further analysis. We determine whether all electrode contacts with high HFO rate are included in the resection volume and whether seizure freedom (ILAE 1) was achieved at ≥2 years follow-up. Applying a previously validated algorithm to a large cohort from several independent epilepsy centres may advance the clinical relevance and the generalizability of HFO analysis as essential next step for use of HFO in clinical practice.
Faecal Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jagt Jasmijn Z , Verburgt Charlotte M , de Vries Ralph , de Boer Nanne K H , Benninga Marc A , de Jonge Wouter J , van Limbergen Johan E , de Meij Tim G J 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPaediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by altered immunological and metabolic pathways. Metabolomics may therefore increase pathophysiological understanding and could develop into characterization of biomarkers for diagnosis and IBD treatment response. However, no uniform metabolomic profiles have been identified to date. This systematic review aimed to identify faecal metabolomic signatures in paediatric IBD vs controls, and to describe metabolites associated with disease activity and treatment response.MethodsA literature search was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Studies assessing faecal metabolomics in paediatric patients &lt; 18 years with IBD [de novo, active, inactive] with comparative groups [IBD vs non-IBD; responders vs non-responders] were included. The quality of included studies was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsNineteen studies were included [540 patients with IBD, 386 controls], assessing faecal short-chain fatty acids [SCFA] [five studies], amino acids [AA] [ten studies], bile acids [BA] [eight studies] and other metabolites [nine studies] using various methodologies. Significantly increased levels of AA [particularly phenylalanine], primary BA and lower levels of secondary BA were described in paediatric IBD compared to controls. Faecal SCFA results varied across studies. Additionally, responders and non-responders to exclusive enteral nutrition and infliximab showed differences in baseline faecal metabolites [based on BA, AA].ConclusionsThis systematic review provides evidence for distinct faecal metabolomic profiles in paediatric IBD. However, results varied across studies, possibly due to differences in study design and applied analytical techniques. Faecal metabolomics could provide more insight into host–microbial interactions in IBD, but further studies with standardized methodologies and reporting are needed.
Radial artery versus saphenous vein versus right internal thoracic artery for coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Audisio Katia , Di Franco Antonino , Alexander John H , Kurlansky Paul , Boening Andreas , Chikwe Joanna , Devereaux P J , Diegeler Anno , Dimagli Arnaldo , Flather Marcus , Lamy Andre , Lawton Jennifer S , Tam Derrick Y , Reents Wilko , Rahouma Mohamed , Girardi Leonard N , Hare David L , Fremes Stephen E , Benedetto Umberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe used individual patient data from 4 of the largest contemporary coronary bypass surgery trials to evaluate differences in long-term outcomes when radial artery (RA), right internal thoracic artery (RITA) or saphenous vein graft (SVG) are used to complement the left internal thoracic artery-to-left anterior descending graft.METHODSPrimary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke). Propensity score matching and Cox regression were used to reduce the effect of treatment selection bias and confounders.RESULTSA total of 10 256 patients (1510 RITA; 1385 RA; 7361 SVG) were included. The matched population consisted of 1776 propensity score-matched triplets. The mean follow-up was 7.9 ± 0.1, 7.8 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 0.1 years in the RITA, RA and SVG cohorts respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the RA versus the SVG [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.76, P = 0.003] and the RITA group (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.71, P = 0.001). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rate was also lower in the RA group versus the SVG (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.90, P = 0.04) and the RITA group (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86, P = 0.02). Results were consistent in the Cox-adjusted analysis and solid to hidden confounders.CONCLUSIONSIn this pooled analysis of 4 large coronary bypass surgery trials, the use of the RA was associated with better clinical outcomes when compared to SVG and RITA.