bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demystifying speckle field interference microscopy
Authors: Ahmad Azeem , Jayakumar Nikhil , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDynamic speckle illumination (DSI) has recently attracted strong attention in the field of biomedical imaging as it pushes the limits of interference microscopy (IM) in terms of phase sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolution compared to conventional light source illumination. To date, despite conspicuous advantages, it has not been extensively implemented in the field of phase imaging due to inadequate understanding of interference fringe formation, which is challenging to obtain in dynamic speckle illumination interference microscopy (DSI-IM). The present article provides the basic understanding of DSI through both simulation and experiments that is essential to build interference microscopy systems such as quantitative phase microscopy, digital holographic microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Using the developed understanding of DSI, we demonstrated its capabilities which enables the use of non-identical objective lenses in both arms of the interferometer and opens the flexibility to use user-defined microscope objective lens for scalable field of view and resolution phase imaging. It is contrary to the present understanding which forces us to use identical objective lenses in conventional IM system and limits the applicability of the system for fixed objective lens. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the interference fringes are not washed out over a large range of optical path difference (OPD) between the object and the reference arm providing competitive edge over low temporal coherence light source based IM system. The theory and explanation developed here would enable wider penetration of DSI-IM for applications in biology and material sciences.
Cancer incidence and mortality in Poland in 2019
Authors: Didkowska Joanna , Wojciechowska Urszula , Michalek Irmina Maria , Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to offer the most important epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms in Poland for the year 2019. In 2019, the Polish National Cancer Registry received information on almost 171.2 thousand new cancer cases and 100.3 thousand cancer deaths. The most common male cancers were prostate (20.6%), lung (16.1%), colon (6.8%), bladder (6.4%), and rectal (4.2%) cancers. Age-standardized incidence rates were at 118 per 100,000 for prostate, 89 for lung, 40 for colon, 38 for bladder, and 23 for the rectum. The most prevalent female cancers encompassed breast (22.9%), lung (9.9%), corpus uteri (7.0%), colon (5.9%), and ovary (4.3%). Age-standardized incidence rate was at 95 per 100,000 for breast cancer, 40 for lung 40, 29 for corpus uteri, 24 for colon, and 18 for ovarian cancer. The five leading causes of male cancer deaths were cancer of the lung (27.4%), prostate (10.3%), colon (8.0%), bladder (5.8%), and stomach (5.7%). Age-standardized mortality rates were 100 per 100,000 for lung, 46 for prostate, 32 for colon, 24 for urinary bladder, and 22 for stomach cancer. Most female deaths due to cancer were caused by lung (17.9%), breast (15.1%), colon (7.7%), ovary (6.0%), pancreas (5.7%), and corpus uteri (4.0%) cancers. Age-standardized mortality rates were 39 per 100,000 for lung, 33 for breast, 17 for colon, 13 for ovarian, 13 for pancreatic, and 9 for corpus uteri cancer.
Saliva changes in composition associated to COVID-19: a preliminary study
Authors: Muñoz-Prieto Alberto , Rubić Ivana , Gonzalez-Sanchez Juan Carlos , Kuleš Josipa , Martínez-Subiela Silvia , Cerón José Joaquín , Bernal Enrique , Torres-Cantero Alberto , Vicente-Romero María Rosario , Mrljak Vladimir , Tvarijonaviciute Asta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2), is usually associated with a wide variety of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to severe cases. The use of saliva as a diagnostic and monitoring fluid has gained importance since it can be used to investigate the immune response and to direct quantification of antibodies against COVID-19. Additionally, the use of proteomics in saliva has allowed to increase our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of diseases, bringing new perspectives on diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. In this work, we compared the salivary proteome of 10 patients with COVID-19, (five patients with mild and five patients with severe COVID-19) and ten control healthy patients. Through the application of proteomics, we have identified 30 proteins whose abundance levels differed between the COVID-19 groups and the control group. Two of these proteins (TGM3 and carbonic anhydrase-CA6) were validated by the measurement of gGT and TEA respectively, in 98 additional saliva samples separated into two groups: (1) COVID-19 group, integrated by 66 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 (2) control group, composed of 32 healthy individuals who did not show any sign of disease for at least four weeks and were negative for COVID-19 in RT-PCR. In the proteomic study there were observed upregulations in CAZA1, ACTN4, and ANXA4, which are proteins related to the protective response against the virus disturbance, and the upregulation of TGM3, that is correlated to the oxidative damage in pulmonary tissue. We also showed the downregulation in cystatins and CA6 that can be involved in the sensory response to stimulus and possibly related to the presence of anosmia and dysgeusia during the COVID-19. Additionally, the presence of FGB in patients with severe COVID-19 but not in mild COVID-19 patients could indicate a higher viral aggregation and activation in these cases. In conclusion, the salivary proteome in patients with COVID-19 showed changes in proteins related to the protective response to viral infection, and the altered sensory taste perception that occur during the disease. Moreover, gGT and TEA could be potential biomarkers of respiratory complications that can occurs during COVID 19 although further larger studies should be made to corroborate this.
Transdiagnostic symptom dynamics during psychotherapy
Authors: O’Driscoll C. , Epskamp S. , Fried E. I. , Saunders R. , Cardoso A. , Stott J. , Wheatley J. , Cirkovic M. , Naqvi S. A. , Buckman J. E. J. , Pilling S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPsychotherapy is an effective treatment for many common mental health problems, but the mechanisms of action and processes of change are unclear, perhaps driven by the focus on a single diagnosis which does not reflect the heterogeneous symptom experiences of many patients. The objective of this study was to better understand therapeutic change, by illustrating how symptoms evolve and interact during psychotherapy. Data from 113,608 patients from psychological therapy services who completed depression and anxiety symptom measures across three to six therapy sessions were analysed. A panel graphical vector-autoregression model was estimated in a model development sample (N = 68,165) and generalizability was tested in a confirmatory model, fitted to a separate (hold-out) sample of patients (N = 45,443). The model displayed an excellent fit and replicated in the confirmatory holdout sample. First, we found that nearly all symptoms were statistically related to each other (i.e. dense connectivity), indicating that no one symptom or association drives change. Second, the structure of symptom interrelations which emerged did not change across sessions. These findings provide a dynamic view of the process of symptom change during psychotherapy and give rise to several causal hypotheses relating to structure, mechanism, and process.
Phenotypic decanalization driven by social determinants could explain variance patterns for glycemia in adult urban Argentinian population
Authors: Petino Zappala María Alejandra , Folguera Guillermo , Benitez-Vieyra Santiago 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes, one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, is characterized by problems in the homeostasis of blood glucose. Current preventive policies focus mainly on individual behaviors (diet, exercise, salt and alcohol consumption). Recent hypotheses state that the higher incidence of metabolic disease in some human populations may be related to phenotypic decanalization causing a heightened phenotypic variance in response to unusual or stressful environmental conditions, although the nature of these conditions is under debate. Our aim was to explore variability patterns of fasting blood glucose to test phenotypic decanalization as a possible explanation of heightened prevalence for type 2 diabetes in some groups and to detect variables associated with its variance using a nation-wide survey of Argentinian adult population. We found patterns of higher local variance for fasting glycemia associated with lower income and educational attainment. We detected no meaningful association of glycemia or its variability with covariates related to individual behaviors (diet, physical activity, salt or alcohol consumption). Our results were consistent with the decanalization hypothesis for fasting glycemia, which appears associated to socioeconomic disadvantage. We therefore propose changes in public policy and discuss the implications for data gathering and further analyses.
Elucidation of radical- and oxygenate-driven paths in zeolite-catalysed conversion of methanol and methyl chloride to hydrocarbons
Authors: Cesarini Alessia , Mitchell Sharon , Zichittella Guido , Agrachev Mikhail , Schmid Stefan P. , Jeschke Gunnar , Pan Zeyou , Bodi Andras , Hemberger Patrick , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding hydrocarbon generation in the zeolite-catalysed conversions of methanol and methyl chloride requires advanced spectroscopic approaches to distinguish the complex mechanisms governing C–C bond formation, chain growth and the deposition of carbonaceous species. Here operando photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy enables the isomer-selective identification of pathways to hydrocarbons of up to C14 in size, providing direct experimental evidence of methyl radicals in both reactions and ketene in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction. Both routes converge to C5 molecules that transform into aromatics. Operando PEPICO highlights distinctions in the prevalence of coke precursors, which is supported by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, providing evidence of differences in the representative molecular structure, density and distribution of accumulated carbonaceous species. Radical-driven pathways in the methyl chloride-to-hydrocarbons reaction(s) accelerate the formation of extended aromatic systems, leading to fast deactivation. By contrast, the generation of alkylated species through oxygenate-driven pathways in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction extends the catalyst lifetime. The findings demonstrate the potential of the presented methods to provide valuable mechanistic insights into complex reaction networks.
Ab-initio calculations of shallow dopant qubits in silicon from pseudopotential and all-electron mixed approach
Authors: Ma Hongyang , Hsueh Yu-Ling , Monir Serajum , Jiang Yue , Rahman Rajib 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObtaining an accurate first-principle description of the electronic properties of dopant qubits is critical for engineering and optimizing high-performance quantum computing. However, density functional theory (DFT) has had limited success in providing a full quantitative description of these dopants due to their large wavefunction extent. Here, we build on recent advances in DFT to evaluate phosphorus dopants in silicon on a lattice comprised of 4096 atoms with hybrid functionals on a pseudopotential and all-electron mixed approach. Remarkable agreement is achieved with experimental measurements including: the electron-nuclear hyperfine coupling (115.5 MHz) and its electric field response (−2.65 × 10−3 μm2/V2), the binding energy (46.07 meV), excited valley-orbital energies of 1sT2 (37.22 meV) and 1sE (35.87 meV) states, and super-hyperfine couplings of the proximal shells of the silicon lattice. This quantitative description of spin and orbital properties of phosphorus dopant simultaneously from a single theoretical framework will help as a predictive tool for the design of qubits.
Subjective quality assessment of synthesized videos for windowed six degrees of freedom video system
Authors: Zou Wenhui , Peng Zongju , Ma Xiaoyan , Chen Fen , Jiang Gangyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor synthesized videos, view synthesis and compression are two main types of artefacts influencing the perceived quality. Moreover, vertical disparity co‐exists with horizontal disparity in windowed six degrees of freedom (6DoF) system, and the viewers have some possible movement when exploring the content. This letter constructs a windowed 6DoF synthesized video quality database involving 128 distorted videos, using four sequences, four levels of compression, and four rendering schemes. The impact of two navigation trajectories on the perceived quality of windowed 6DoF videos is studied subjectively. The authors also evaluate the performances of several objective quality metrics on the proposed database; the results reveal the effectiveness and necessary of our database.
Analysis and implementation of an interleaved high step‐up converter with reduced voltage stress an interleaved high step‐up DC‐DC converter with ZVS
Authors: Kargaran Mohamad Javad , Raraei Hosein Jafari , Nouri Tohid , Shaneh Mahdi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new symmetrical structure of the interleaved converter type is proposed in this paper to obtain high voltage gain. The proposed converter delivers a very high voltage ratio using the coupled inductor technique and switched capacitor, and all this happens at a moderate duty cycle. Furthermore, the MOSFETs have low voltage stresses. Therefore, MOSFETs with low conductivity resistance can be used to reduce the conduction losses. The input current has a small ripple because the input side uses the interleaved operation. Furthermore, zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) is obtained for MOSFETs, and the problem of reverse‐recovery for diodes is confined. Moreover, the passive clamp circuit recycles the energy of the leakage inductances which avoids high voltage spikes across the switches. Performance of the proposed converter along with the small‐signal analysis is discussed in detail. Finally, a laboratory prototype is developed with 30 V input and 400 V output to verify the proposed converter.
HDAC1 Promotes Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by
Inhibiting BMP-7 Transcription Through Histone Deacetylation
Authors: Ouyang Chun , Huang Lei , Ye Xiaoqiang , Ren Mingming , Han Zhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) constitutes a primary cause of
mortality in diabetic patients. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition can
alleviate diabetes-associated myocardial injury. This study investigated the
mechanism of HDAC1 on myocardial fibrosis (MF) in DCM.
Methods A murine model of DCM was established by a high-fat diet and
streptozotocin injection. The bodyweight, blood glucose, serum insulin, and
cardiac function of mice were analyzed. Lentivirus-packaged sh-HDAC1 was
injected into DCM mice and high glucose (HG)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs).
The pathological structure of the myocardium and the level of myocardial
fibrosis were observed by histological staining. HDAC1 expression in mouse
myocardial tissues and CFs was determined. Collagen I, collagen III,
alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin levels in CFs were
detected, and CF proliferation was tested. HDAC activity and histone acetylation
levels in tissues and cells were measured. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7)
expression in myocardial tissues and CFs was determined. Functional rescue
experiments were conducted to confirm the effects of histone acetylation and
BMP-7 on myocardial fibrosis.
Results DCM mice showed decreased bodyweight, elevated blood glucose and
serum insulin, and cardiac dysfunction. Elevated HDAC1 and reduced BMP-7
expressions were detected in DCM mice and HG-induced CFs. HDAC1 repressed BMP-7
transcription through deacetylation. HDAC1 silencing alleviated MF, reduced CF
proliferation and decreased collagen I, -III, α-SMA, and vimentin
levels. However, reducing histone acetylation level or BMP-7 downregulation
reversed the effects of HDAC1 silencing on CF fibrosis.
Conclusion HDAC1 repressed BMP-7 transcription by enhancing histone
deacetylation, thereby promoting MF and aggravating DCM.
Voluntary Increase of Minute Ventilation for Prevention of Acute
Mountain Sickness
Authors: Drago Sebastian , Campodónico Juan , Sandoval Mario , Berendsen Remco , Buijze Geert Alexander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of voluntary sustained
hyperventilation during rapid ascent to high altitude for the prevention of
acute mountain sickness (AMS). Study subjects (n=32) were volunteer
participants in a 2-day expedition to Mount Leoneras (4954 m), starting at 2800m
(base camp at 4120 m). Subjects were randomized to either: 1) an intervention
group using the voluntary hyperventilation (VH) technique targeting an end-tidal
CO2 (ETCO2)<20 mmHg; or 2) a group using
acetazolamide (AZ). During the expedition, respiratory rate (28±20 vs.
18±5 breaths/min, mean±SD, P<0.01) and
SpO2 (95%±4% vs.
89%±5%, mean±SD, P<0.01) were higher,
and ETCO2 (17±4 vs. 26±4 mmHg, mean±SD,
P<0.01) was lower in the VH group compared to the AZ group – as
repeatedly measured at equal fixed intervals during the ascent – showing
the feasibility of the VH technique. Regarding efficacy, the incidence of 6
(40%) subjects registering an LLS score≥3 in the VH group was
non-inferior to the 3 (18%) subjects in the acetazolamide group
(P=0.16, power 28%). Voluntary increase in minute ventilation is
a feasible technique, but – despite the underpowered non-inferiority in
this small-scale proof-of-concept trial – it is not likely to be as
effective as acetazolamide to prevent AMS.
An in-Depth Analysis of Ovarian Cancer: Pathogenesis and Clinical
Manifestation
Authors: Mahima Mahima , Mahmood Tarique , Ved Akash , Siddiqui Mohammed Haris , Ahsan Farogh , Shamim Arshiya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Ahmad Afroz , Kashyap Monu Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer is characterized by the establishment of tolerance, the recurrence
of disease, as well as a poor prognosis. Gene signatures in ovarian cancer cells
enable cancer medicine research, therapy, prevention, & management
problematic. Notwithstanding advances in tumor puncture surgery, novel
combinations regimens, and abdominal radiation, which can provide outstanding
reaction times, the bulk of gynecological tumor patients suffer from side
effects & relapse. As a consequence, more therapy alternatives for
individuals with ovarian cancer must always be studied to minimize side effects
and improve progression-free and total response rates. The development of cancer
medications is presently undergoing a renaissance in the quest for descriptive
and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers. Nevertheless, abnormalities in the
BRCA2 or BRCA1 genes, a variety of hereditary predispositions, unexplained onset
and progression, molecular tumor diversity, and illness staging can all
compromise the responsiveness and accuracy of such indicators. As a result,
current ovarian cancer treatments must be supplemented with broad-spectrum
& customized targeted therapeutic approaches. The objective of this
review is to highlight recent contributions to the knowledge of the
interrelations between selected ovarian tumor markers, various perception signs,
and biochemical and molecular signaling processes, as well as one’s
interpretation of much more targeted and effective treatment interventions.
Predictive Factors for Postoperative Opioid Use in Elective Skull Base Craniotomies
Authors: Potter Tamia , Soni Pranay , Krywyj Maria , Obiri-Yeboah Derrick , Oyem Precious , Momin Arbaz , Easley Kathryn , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective In 2017, the United States officially declared opioid overuse a public health emergency. Due to a paucity of published benchmark data in skull base neurosurgery, we quantified postoperative opioid use in patients undergoing skull base craniotomies and identified factors that influence postoperative opioid use.Setting Tertiary academic medical center.
Participants Patients who underwent elective craniotomies by two skull base neurosurgeons between January 2015 and May 2020.Main Outcome Measures Demographic and perioperative data were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record. Surgical approaches were categorized as having either “significant” or “minimal” muscle dissection. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of postoperative opioid use at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Results We included 300 craniotomies, 206 were supratentorial and 94 were infratentorial. This included 195 women and 105 men, with a mean age of 54.9 years. In multivariable analysis, a history of anxiety or depression, preoperative opioid use, and a history of migraines independently predicted a significantly greater opioid use at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Increased age and minimal muscle dissection independently predicted lower opioid consumption. Sex, infratentorial versus supratentorial approach, length of surgery, and postoperative steroid use did not impact total opioid use.
Conclusion Younger age, history of anxiety or depression, preoperative opioid consumption, preexisting history of migraines, and significant intraoperative muscle dissection were associated with higher postoperative opioid consumption. These risk factors provide insight on potential targets for minimizing postoperative opioids in craniotomies.
Survey on Primary and Young Permanent Tooth Pulp Therapy as Practiced by Pediatric Dentists in Karnataka
Authors: Lakhotia Richa , Urs Pallavi , Jenny Anisha , Raghunath Vatsala N. , Nagar Priya , Ninawe Nupur 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Maintaining the function of primary teeth until their natural exfoliation is important. Pulp therapy can save the tooth and is always a calculated risk. This study aims to enquire about the current knowledge, attitude, and practice of various pulp therapy options and awareness about it among pediatric dentists of Karnataka.
Method A questionnaire, consisting 21 questions formulated on various pulp therapy techniques, was formulated and forwarded to pediatric dentists through electronic media. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate software.
Results The results showed 81.2% of participants preferred calcium hydroxide for an indirect pulp-capping base, while only 37.6% preferred calcium hydroxide for direct pulp capping. For pulpectomy, 70.4% preferred iodoform for obturating material. And the most preferred material for apexification and apexogenesis was Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), that is, 61.4 and 52.3%, respectively.
Conclusion The introduction of newer materials for pulp therapy has increased the quality of treatment. Many differences of opinion still exist in the areas of pulp therapy techniques and procedure selection criteria.