bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Repellency of Selected Plants to Adult Anopheles gambiea complex (Gilles) in the Laboratory
Authors: Ajelara K. O. , Alafia A.O. , Denloye A. A. , Matanmi O. S. 
Published: June 2022

Aims: The study evaluated the repellency effects of some tropical plants and shrubs found in semi- rural communities of Badagry Area of Lagos state; which are acclaimed to have the potentials of repelling mosquitoes from human dwellings. The repellency effects of Moringa oleifera, Morinda lucida, Magnifera indica and Phyllanthus muellerianus to adult Anopheles gambiea was evaluated in the Laboratory.
Study Design: The study was carried out at Central Research Laboratory of Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria and Central Research Laboratory of University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. Powdered of dried test plants were prepared and admix with coconut husk as inert, different concentrations were rubbed on the forearm of volunteers and repellency to blood starved female Anopheles mosquitoes was observed.
Methodology: Test plants were collected from Badagry area of Lagos State, they were identified at University of Lagos Herbarium and given numbers. They were dried between 10 and 14 days at temperature of 25-27oC and powdered. Different concentrations of the powder mixed with powdered coconut husk was used to treat volunteers forearms and they were exposed to 0-2 two day old adult unfed mosquitoes in an aluminum glass cage fitted with net as arm entrance and repellency was observed for a period of 180 minutes, with landing counts taken every 30 minutes. The test plants were also subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis at University of Lagos Central Research Laboratory.
Results: Results showed that all test plants were able to repel Anopheles mosquitoes in the study, repellency was shown in descending order Moringa oleifera with 88%, Magnifera indica 83%, Phyllantus muellerianuss 80% and Morinda lucida 72%. There was no statistical significance in percentage repellency at 95% CL. The result of phytochemical screening of the test plants showed that only M .indica indicated presence of saponing (36.99%). While M.oleifera has highest phenol content (45.6%3), Alkaloid (38.68%), steroid (24.89%) and Tannin (33.19%). Flavonoid and reducing sugar quantity was highest in M. indica (39.39%) and (55.18%) respectively.
Conclusion: The plants were able to show repellency to Anopheles gambiae a nuisance malaria vector of serious medical importance. These plants are available in all tropical areas of Africa, they can therefore be used to prevent nuisance and painful mosquito bites which could be a sustainable way to prevent mosquito vectored diseases.
Gender
Authors: Berg Ria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cultural gender, as differentiated from biological sex, has become an important tool for analysing social hierarchies and power structures in ancient societies. The gender system, which in antiquity was essentially patriarchal, is visible in all aspects of society: language, family, legislation, economy, religion, education, and medicine. As a fundamental aspect of personal identity, it is materialized on the body surface through clothing and adornment and performed through gestures.
A real‐time freehand 3D ultrasound imaging method for scoliosis assessment
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Chen Xianting , Yu Chaohao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReal‐time 3D ultrasound has gained popularity in many fields because it can provide interactive feedback to help acquire high‐quality images or to conduct timely diagnosis. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on such an imaging method for scoliosis evaluation due to the complexity of this application. Meanwhile, the use of radiation‐free assessment of scoliosis is becoming increasingly popular. This study developed a real‐time 3D ultrasound imaging method for scoliosis assessment based on an incremental imaging method. In vivo experiments involving 36 patients with scoliosis were performed to test the performance of the proposed method. This new imaging method achieved a mean incremental frame rate of 82.7 ± 11.0 frames/s. The high repeatability of the intra‐operator test (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92) and inter‐operator test (ICC = 0.91) demonstrated that the new method was very reliable. The result of spinous process angles obtained by the new method was linearly correlated (y = 0.97x, R2 = 0.88) with that obtained by conventional 3D reconstruction. These results suggested that the newly developed imaging method can provide real‐time ultrasound imaging for scoliosis evaluation while preserving the comparative image quality of the conventional 3D reconstruction method.
Improving Light Absorption in a Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cell via Light Scattering and UV‐Down Shifting by a Mixture of SiO2 Nanoparticles and Phosphors
Authors: Lee Seongha , Kim Chan Ul , Bae Sumin , Liu Yulin , Noh Young Im , Zhou Ziyu , Leu Paul W , Choi Kyoung Jin , Lee Jung‐Kun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe optical properties of a textured antireflective coating (ARC) polymeric film are engineered by combining the down‐conversion effect of large phosphor particles and the multiple scattering effect of SiO2 nanoparticles. In order to address the parasitic absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light, phosphors are added to convert UV light to visible light. However, the embedded phosphors increase the reflectance of the ARC film, due to the large particle size (>5 µm) and high refractive index (n ≈ 1.9) of phosphors. Such a backward scattering problem of phosphors is compensated by adding spherical SiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental and computational results show that SiO2 nanoparticles in the ARC film decrease the reflectance by increasing the diffuse transmittance. This optically engineered ARC film successfully promotes the light absorption of the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell, leading to the improvement of power conversion efficiency of the tandem cell from 22.48% to 23.50%.
Switchable Unipolar‐Barrier Van der Waals Heterostructures with Natural Anisotropy for Full Linear Polarimetry Detection
Authors: Deng Wenjie , Dai Mingjin , Wang Chongwu , You Congya , Chen Wenduo , Han Song , Han Jiayue , Wang Fakun , Ye Ming , Zhu Song , Cui Jieyuan , Wang Qi Jie , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolarization‐resolved photodetection in a compact footprint is of great interest for ultraminiaturized polarimeters to be used in a wide range of applications. However, probing the states of polarization (SOP) in materials with natural anisotropy are usually weak, limited by the material's natural dichroism or diattenuation. Here, a twisted unipolar‐barrier van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) to construct a bias‐switchable polarization detection for retrieval of full SOP (from 0 to 180°) for linear polarized incident light is reported. As a demonstration example, this study realizes the concept in a b‐AsP/WS2/b‐AsP vdWH relying on the natural anisotropic properties of the materials without using additional plasmonic/metasurface nanostructures to realize linear polarimetry in the mid‐infrared range. Polarimetric imaging is further demonstrated with the developed linear polarimetry by directly displaying the Jones‐vector‐described SOP distribution of certain target object. This method, with the capabilities of detecting full linear SOP, is promising for the next‐generation on‐chip miniaturized polarimeters.
A Superconducting‐Material‐Based Maglev Generator Used for Outer‐Space
Authors: Ma Zheng , Wang Qi , Wu Zhenhua , Chen Dezhi , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Dickey Michael D. , Su Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar cells are conventionally used to harvest energy in outer space, but they are ineffective in dark locations. Here, it is shown that superconducting materials—which work best in cold environments, such as those found in outer space—provide a mechanism to harvest energy that does not require light. A superconducting magnetic levitation (maglev) magnetoelectric generator (SMMG) can convert mechanical impacts to electricity at its working temperature <90 K. The SMMG device consists of a permanent magnet, a conductive coil, and a superconducting layer (SL). Owing to the existence of the SL, the permanent magnet levitates over the SL and rapidly returns to an equilibrium height after being displaced by a mechanical impact. The impact changes the gap between the levitated magnet and the coil, resulting in a variation in magnetic flux that induces electrical current in the coil. Thus, the SMMG converts low‐frequency (<3.7 Hz) mechanical energy to electricity. The output maximum peak voltage, peak power, and peak power density of the SMMG are 4.3 V, 35 mW, and 17.8 W m−2, respectively, with a load resistance of 300 Ω. The SMMG can charge a capacitor of 10 000 µF to 3.8 V with a continuous impact, which is sufficient to power critical wireless communication. The superconductor works best in cold environments and therefore is well‐suited for providing electricity to sensors and communication devices in outer space, particularly in places where the sun may not reach.
Designing Multifunctional Cobalt Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Kuhl Matthias , Henning Alex , Haller Lukas , Wagner Laura I. , Jiang Chang‐Ming , Streibel Verena , Sharp Ian D. , Eichhorn Johanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDisordered and porous metal oxides are promising earth‐abundant and cost‐effective alternatives to noble‐metal electrocatalysts. Herein, nonsaturated oxidation in plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition is leveraged to tune the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of biphasic cobalt hydroxide films, thereby tailoring their catalytic activities and chemical stabilities. Short oxygen plasma exposure times and low plasma powers incompletely oxidize the cobaltocene precursor to Co(OH)2 and result in carbon impurity incorporation. These Co(OH)2 films are highly porous and catalytically active, but their electrochemical stability is impacted by poor substrate adhesion. In contrast, long exposure times and high powers completely oxidize the precursor to Co3O4, reduce the carbon incorporation, and improve the crystallinity. While the Co3O4 films have high electrochemical stability, they are characterized by low oxygen evolution reaction activity. To overcome these competing properties, the established relation between deposition parameters and functional film properties is applied to design bilayer films exhibiting simultaneously improved electrochemical performance and chemical stability. The bilayer films combine a highly active Co(OH)2 surface with a stable Co3O4 interface layer. These coatings exhibit minimal light absorption, thus making them suitable as protective catalytic layers on semiconductor light absorbers for application in photoelectrochemical devices.
TMED3 Complex Mediates ER Stress‐Associated Secretion of CFTR, Pendrin, and SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike
Authors: Park Hak , Seo Soo Kyung , Sim Ju‐Ri , Hwang Su Jin , Kim Ye Jin , Shin Dong Hoon , Jang Dong Geon , Noh Shin Hye , Park Pil‐Gu , Ko Si Hwan , Shin Mi Hwa , Choi Jae Young , Ito Yukishige , Kang Chung‐Min , Lee Jae Myun , Lee Min Goo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder ER stress conditions, the ER form of transmembrane proteins can reach the plasma membrane via a Golgi‐independent unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. However, the targeting mechanisms of membrane proteins for UPS are unknown. Here, this study reports that TMED proteins play a critical role in the ER stress‐associated UPS of transmembrane proteins. The gene silencing results reveal that TMED2, TMED3, TMED9 and TMED10 are involved in the UPS of transmembrane proteins, such as CFTR, pendrin and SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike. Subsequent mechanistic analyses indicate that TMED3 recognizes the ER core‐glycosylated protein cargos and that the heteromeric TMED2/3/9/10 complex mediates their UPS. Co‐expression of all four TMEDs improves, while each single expression reduces, the UPS and ion transport function of trafficking‐deficient ΔF508‐CFTR and p.H723R‐pendrin, which cause cystic fibrosis and Pendred syndrome, respectively. In contrast, TMED2/3/9/10 silencing reduces SARS‐CoV‐2 viral release. These results provide evidence for a common role of TMED3 and related TMEDs in the ER stress‐associated, Golgi‐independent secretion of transmembrane proteins.
Binary Blend All‐Polymer Solar Cells with a Record Efficiency of 17.41% Enabled by Programmed Fluorination Both on Donor and Acceptor Blocks
Authors: Zhou Dehong , Liao Chentong , Peng Shaoqian , Xu Xiaopeng , Guo Yuanyuan , Xia Jianlong , Meng Huifeng , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite remarkable breakthrough made by virtue of “polymerized small‐molecule acceptor (PSMA)” strategy recently, the limited selection pool of high‐performance polymer acceptors and long‐standing challenge in morphology control impede their further developments. Herein, three PSMAs of PYDT‐2F, PYDT‐3F, and PYDT‐4F are developed by introducing different fluorine atoms on the end groups and/or bithiophene spacers to fine‐tune their optoelectronic properties for high‐performance PSMAs. The PSMAs exhibit narrow bandgap and energy levels that match well with PM6 donor. The fluorination promotes the crystallization of the polymer chain for enhanced electron mobility, which is further improved by following n‐doping with benzyl viologen additive. Moreover, the miscibility is also improved by introducing more fluorine atoms, which promotes the intermixing with PM6 donor. Among them, PYDT‐3F exhibits well‐balanced high crystallinity and miscibility with PM6 donor; thus, the layer‐by‐layer processed PM6/PYDT‐3F film obtains an optimal nanofibril morphology with submicron length and ≈23 nm width of fibrils, facilitating the charge separation and transport. The resulting PM6/PYDT‐3F devices realizes a record high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.41% and fill factor of 77.01%, higher than the PM6/PYDT‐2F (PCE = 16.25%) and PM6/PYDT‐4F (PCE = 16.77%) devices.
Speckle‐Based Optical Cryptosystem and its Application for Human Face Recognition via Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Qi , Li Huanhao , Yu Zhipeng , Woo Chi Man , Zhong Tianting , Cheng Shengfu , Zheng Yuanjin , Liu Honglin , Tian Jie , Lai Puxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFace recognition has become ubiquitous for authentication or security purposes. Meanwhile, there are increasing concerns about the privacy of face images, which are sensitive biometric data and should be protected. Software‐based cryptosystems are widely adopted to encrypt face images, but the security level is limited by insufficient digital secret key length or computing power. Hardware‐based optical cryptosystems can generate enormously longer secret keys and enable encryption at light speed, but most reported optical methods, such as double random phase encryption, are less compatible with other systems due to system complexity. In this study, a plain yet highly efficient speckle‐based optical cryptosystem is proposed and implemented. A scattering ground glass is exploited to generate physical secret keys of 17.2 gigabit length and encrypt face images via seemingly random optical speckles at light speed. Face images can then be decrypted from random speckles by a well‐trained decryption neural network, such that face recognition can be realized with up to 98% accuracy. Furthermore, attack analyses are carried out to show the cryptosystem's security. Due to its high security, fast speed, and low cost, the speckle‐based optical cryptosystem is suitable for practical applications and can inspire other high‐security cryptosystems.
Resistive Switching in Ferroelectric Bi2FeCrO6 Thin Films and Impact on the Photovoltaic Effect
Authors: Walch David S. , Yun Yeseul , Ramakrishnegowda Niranjan , Mühlenbein Lutz , Lotnyk Andriy , Himcinschi Cameliu , Bhatnagar Akash 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe multiferroic character of Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO), that is, the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, has been predicted and demonstrated in different studies. Intriguingly, the material system also exhibits a reduced band gap, in addition to bulk‐driven photovoltaic effect. The co‐existence of all these attributes in a single system is a rare occurrence and paves way to a multitude of practical applications, with ferroelectric solar cell as one of them. In this work, epitaxially grown BFCO thin films, deposited with pulsed laser deposition on single crystalline SrTiO3 (STO) substrates, reveal a self‐ordered ionic arrangement which is proven with X‐ray and transmission electron micrcoscope (TEM) measurements. A lowered band gap and a higher conductivity lead to a superior photovoltaic performance compared to a BiFeO3 (BFO) reference film. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is used to test locally the ferroelectric switching properties. Poling with electric field not only caused a reliable change in the state of polarization, but also resulted in substantial changes in the resistance of the regions. Macroscopic measurements using transparent In2O3:Sn (ITO) electrodes demonstrate a bi‐directional multi‐stage resistive switching, which in turn influences the photovoltaic performance of the heterostucture.
Cis–Trans Reisomerization Precedes Reprotonation of the Retinal Chromophore in the Photocycle of Schizorhodopsin 4
Authors: Hayashi Kouhei , Mizuno Misao , Kandori Hideki , Mizutani Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent discoveries of light‐driven inward proton‐pumping rhodopsins have opened new avenues to exploring the mechanism of unidirectional transport because these proteins transport protons in the opposite direction to conventional proton‐pumping rhodopsins, despite their similar protein structure and membrane topology. Schizorhodopsin (SzR) is a newly discovered rhodopsin family of light‐driven inward proton pumps. Here, we report time‐resolved resonance Raman spectra showing that cis–trans thermal reisomerization precedes reprotonation at the Schiff base of the retinal chromophore in the photocycle of SzR AM_5_00977. This sequence has not been observed for the photocycles of conventional proton‐pumping rhodopsins, in which reisomerization follows reprotonation, and thus provides insights into the mechanism of proton uptake to the chromophore during inward proton pumping. The present findings are expected to contribute to controlling the direction of proton transport in engineered proteins.
Amine‐Directed Formation of B−N Bonds for BN‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Multiple Resonance Emitters with Narrowband Emission
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Dai Hengyi , Huang Tianyu , Wei Jinbei , Zhou Jianping , Li Xiao , Wang Xiang , Hong Xiangchen , Yin Chen , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Yuewei , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Li Guomeng , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the remarkable multiple resonance (MR) optoelectronic properties of organic nanographenes with boron and nitrogen atoms disposedparato each other, the synthetic procedures are sophisticated with low yields and the molecular skeletons are limited. Here, a new paradigm of easy‐to‐access MR emitter is constructed by simplifying the multiborylation through amine‐directed formation of B−N bonds while introducing an additionalpara‐positioned nitrogen atom to trigger the MR effect. The proof‐of‐concept molecules exhibit narrowband emissions at 480 and 490 nm, with full width at half maxima (FWHMs) of only 29 and 34 nm. The devices based on them showed external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of >33.0 %, which remained above 24.0 % even at a high brightness of 5000 cd m−2. This is the first example of MR emitters with a B−N covalent bond, not only decreasing the synthesis difficulty but also increasing the diversity of MR skeletons for emerging new optoelectronic properties.
Inhibition of electrical trees degradation of crosslinked polyethylene at high temperatures by electron‐buffering voltage stabilizers
Authors: Hong Zelin , Chen Xiangrong , Zhu Guangyu , Awais Muhammad , Shi Yiwen , Zhu Hanshan , Li Hao , Paramane Ashish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effect of adding electron‐buffering voltage stabilizer (1 wt% m‐aminobenzoic acid) on the electrical tree‐induced degradation of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) was studied at high temperatures. The electrical tree inception, growth, and partial discharge characteristics were simultaneously analyzed at 30, 50, and 70°C, respectively. The results showed that the growth rate of electrical tree and partial discharge activity as well as the discharge repetition rate, significantly increased with the temperature for pure XLPE and XLPE stabilizer blend. However, the XLPE stabilizer blend exhibited higher tree inception voltage, lower tree growth rate, and partial discharge activity than pure XLPE. The addition of the voltage stabilizer reduced the carbon layer thickness in the tree channel and offered higher resistance to the electrical tree growth. Surface potential decay demonstrated that the voltage stabilizer addition decreased the trap energy level, but increased the shallow trap density of the XLPE. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the voltage stabilizer enhanced the ability to buffer the high‐energy electrons in the XLPE. A high‐energy electron buffering mechanism was also proposed to explain the effect of voltage stabilizer on the electrical treeing and partial discharge activity in the XLPE at high temperatures.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonamide‐based compounds as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Mancuso Francesca , Angeli Andrea , De Luca Viviana , Bucolo Federica , De Luca Laura , Capasso Clemente , Supuran Claudiu T. , Gitto Rosaria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports our continued efforts to identify inhibitors capable of targeting carbonic anhydrases (CAs) expressed in bacteria. Based on previously identified chemotypes, we designed and synthesized new analogs that were screened toward the α, β, and γ classes encoded in Vibrio cholerae (Vch). The Ki values measured in the stopped‐flow hydrase assay revealed that very simple structural modifications might induce a relevant impact on the inhibitory effects as well as the selectivity profile over ubiquitous human isozymes (hCA I/II). Unfortunately, the best active VchCA inhibitors demonstrated a dramatic loss of hCA II selectivity when compared to previously reported compounds. Among the new series of sulfonamides, several molecules proved to be about sevenfold more potent against VchCAγ than the reference compound acetazolamide, thus furnishing new insights for further development of inhibitors targeting CAs expressed in bacteria.
Proteolytic control in ciliogenesis: Temporal restriction or early initiation?
Authors: Habeck Gregor , Schweiggert Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCellular processes are highly dependent on a dynamic proteome that undergoes structural and functional rearrangements to allow swift conversion between different cellular states. By inducing proteasomal degradation of inhibitory or stimulating factors, ubiquitylation is particularly well suited to trigger such transitions. One prominent example is the remodelling of the centrosome upon cell cycle exit, which is required for the formation of primary cilia – antenna‐like structures on the surface of most cells that act as integrative hubs for various extracellular signals. Over the last decade, many reports on ubiquitin‐related events involved in the regulation of ciliogenesis have emerged. Very often, these processes are considered to be initiated ad hoc, that is, directly before its effect on cilia biogenesis becomes evident. While such a temporal restriction may hold true for the majority of events, there is evidence that some of them are initiated earlier during the cell cycle. Here, we provide an overview of ubiquitin‐dependent processes in ciliogenesis and discuss available data that indicate such an early onset of proteolytic regulation within preceding cell cycle stages.