bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
99mTc‑labeled single-domain antibody for SPECT/CT assessment of HER2 expression in diverse cancer types
Authors: Altunay Betül , Goedicke Andreas , Winz Oliver H. , Hertel Fabian , von Mallek Dirk , Meszaros Levente K. , Chand Gitasha , Biersack Hans-Jürgen , Stickeler Elmar , Krauss Katja , Mottaghy Felix M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cancer predicts response to HER2-targeted therapy. Therefore, its accurate determination is of utmost importance. In recent years, there has been an increase in research on noninvasive techniques for molecular imaging, as this method offers the advantages of a more accurate determination of HER2 status without the need for multiple biopsies. The technetium-labeled single-domain antibody RAD201, previously known as 99mTc-NM-02, has been shown to be safe for use in breast cancer imaging with reasonable radiation doses, favorable biodistribution, and imaging characteristics.

Methods
A total of six HER2-positive, heavily pretreated patients with different cancer types aged between 42 and 69 years (5 women and 1 man; the median age of 55.5) have been examined. In six of seven scans, the patients were administered 500 ml of Gelofusine® solution (40 mg/ml) for radiation protection before the tracer injection (434 ± 42 MBq). Planar scans were acquired with the patient supine at 10 min, 60 min, 160 min, 20 h, and 24 h after injection. A CT scan was acquired at 95 min, followed by local tomographic SPECT imaging.

Results
One patient was scanned twice with RAD201, 3 months apart, resulting in a total of seven scans for six patients. Here, we show that the use of RAD201 in our patient group shows the same favorable biodistribution as in a previous study with RAD201 (NCT04040686) and that the radiation dose to the critical organ kidney can be reduced by the application of the plasma expander Gelofusine® by almost 50%.

Conclusion
RAD201 appears safe for use in humans and is a promising noninvasive tool for discriminating HER2 status in metastatic (breast) cancer, regardless of ongoing HER2-targeted antibody treatment.
Multidimensional evaluation of teaching strategies adopted in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Molina-Carmona Rafael , Guillem Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a multidimensional social open model to evaluate the teaching strategies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic by assessing the decisions made by teachers by a group of teachers acting as evaluators. Based on the analysis of previous studies on teaching, this study aims to propose a formal model for the evaluation of teaching strategies in four dimensions: sustainability, usability, accessibility, and creativity. The use of information technologies to measure teaching strategies can bring decisive advantages. This work has been inspired by social rating systems of social networks to propose a measurement system in which a potential large number of evaluators with different levels assess the strategies. In addition, the proposal also includes the evaluation of the evaluators' own work, assigning confidence levels that are based on their experience but also on their evaluations. In this way, we have a social measurement system, in the sense that participation is open to a large number of evaluators. A large community of teacher evaluators will increase the objectivity of the measurement. The outcome of the system will be a characterization of the teaching strategies that will allow to decide in the future which ones should be adopted according to the needs of each one.
Clinicopathological features, genetic alterations, and BRCA1 promoter methylation in Japanese male patients with breast cancer
Authors: Shimomura Akihiko , Yoshida Masayuki , Kubo Takashi , Yamashita Satoshi , Noguchi Emi , Nagayama Aiko , Hanamura Toru , Okazaki Miki , Mukohara Toru , Tsuruga Asako , Tanaka Kiyo , Kawamura Yukino , Higuchi Toru , Takahashi Yoko , Kurozumi Sasagu , Hayashida Tetsu , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Ushijima Toshikazu , Suto Akihiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare cancer accounting for only 1% of all male cancers and is, therefore, poorly studied. We aimed to characterize the subtypes of MBC in Japanese patients based on genetic profiling, the presence of tumor-infiltrating cells, and the expression of immunohistochemical markers.

Methods
This retrospective study included 103 patients with MBC diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2019 at various hospitals in Japan. Clinicopathological patient characteristics were obtained from medical records, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were analyzed for histological markers, mutations of 126 genes, BRCA1 methylation, and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Results
The median patient age was 71 (range 31–92) years. T1-stage tumors were the most frequent (47.6%), and most were node negative (77.7%). The majority of tumors were positive for estrogen receptor (98.1%), progesterone receptor (95.1%), and androgen receptor (96.1%), and BRCA2 was the most frequently mutated gene (12.6%). The most common treatment was surgery (99.0%), either total mastectomy (91.1%) or partial mastectomy (7.0%). Survival analysis showed a 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 64.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.7–88.8) and a 5-year overall survival rate of 54.3% (95% CI 24.1–100.0).

Conclusion
Japanese MBC is characterized by a high rate of hormonal receptor positivity and BRCA2 somatic mutation. Due to the observed clinicopathological differences in MBC between the Western countries and Japan, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the most suitable treatment strategies.
The contributions of study abroad to home countries: an agential perspective
Authors: Oldac Yusuf Ikbal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContributions to home country after international higher education (IHE) have long been considered within the traditional frameworks of brain drain or brain circulation. However, recent scholarship has hinted at more nuances into this issue than what has been predominantly discussed. This study focuses on IHE graduate agency to investigate the contributions of studying abroad to a home country. It builds from international-comparative fieldwork that included interviews with 50 recent Turkish IHE graduates who studied in four purposefully selected countries—Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Germany and the UK—and who either stayed or returned to their home country afterwards. The findings highlight the role of agency in IHE graduates’ contributions to their home country. Returning to the home country does not equate to contributing to it, as some participants expressed that they contribute better from abroad while others refuse to contribute even after returning. The study also demonstrates that combining individual agency with push–pull factors emanating from the home country provides a more holistic explanation, as the home country dynamics have been found to be influential on agential stances regarding contributions.
A perspective study of the possible impact of obeticholic acid against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Youssef Fadia S. , El-Sherbeni Suzy A. , Negm Walaa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe causative agent of CoV disease 2019 is a new coronavirus CoV type 2, affecting the respiratory tract with severe manifestations (SARS-CoV-2). Covid-19 is mainly symptomless, with slight indications in about 85% of the affected cases. Many efforts were done to face this pandemic by testing different drugs and agents to make treatment protocols in different countries. However, the use of these proposed drugs is associated with the development of adverse events. Remarkably, the successive development of SARS-CoV-2 variants which could affect persons even they were vaccinated, prerequisite wide search to find efficient and safe agents to face SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obeticholic acid (OCA), which has anti-inflammatory effects, may efficiently treat Covid-19. Thus, the goal of this perspective study is to focus on the possible medicinal effectiveness in managing Covid-19. OCA is a powerful farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist possessing marked antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. FXR is dysregulated in Covid-19 resulting in hyper-inflammation with concurrent occurrence of hypercytokinemia. Interestingly, OCA inhibits the reaction between this virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) receptors. FXR agonists control the expression of ACE2 and the inflammatory signaling pathways in this respiratory syndrome, which weakens the effects of Covid-19 disease and accompanied complications. Taken together, FXR agonists like OCA may reveal both direct and indirect impacts in the modulation of immune reaction in SARS-CoV-2 conditions. It is highly recommended to perform many investigations regarding different phases of the discovery of new drugs.
Welfare type and income inequality: an income source decomposition including in-kind benefits and cash-transfers entitlement
Authors: Giangregorio Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to understand whether a shift towards a more balanced cash transfer and service-based welfare system is valuable in terms of reducing income inequality and what factors mostly contribute to the income inequality evolution. To examine this, I first impute the monetary values of in-kind benefits and then reassess Gini coefficients across countries and welfare regimes. I also compare the role of cash transfers by functions and, more importantly, by how they are allocated. By means of factor source decomposition, the elasticities confirm wages as being the income source that creates most inequalities, while taxes play the most equalising role together with cash transfers. However, universal services such as healthcare and compulsory education outperform most of the cash transfers included in the analysis, with a stronger effect in the Mediterranean countries. Although in-kind services play a marginal role in explaining the changes in the Gini coefficient between 2008 and 2017, results suggest that a coordinated view of cash transfers and public services, as well as increasing the share of non-contributory means tested transfers, can reduce income inequality in all welfare regimes.
Misuse of co-authorship in Medical PhD Theses in Scandinavia: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Helgesson Gert , Holm Søren , Bredahl Lone , Hofmann Bjørn , Juth Niklas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Several studies suggest that deviations from proper authorship practices are commonplace in medicine. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of and attitudes towards the handling of authorship in PhD theses at medical faculties in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Methods
Those who defended their PhD thesis at a medical faculty in Scandinavia during the second half of 2020 were offered, by e-mail, to participate in an online survey. Survey questions dealt with experiences of violations of the first three of the ICMJE authorship criteria and misuse of authorship order in the thesis articles, as well as respondents’ attitudes to these matters. Both questions with fixed response alternatives and questions with free-text responses were used. Quantitative data were analysed statistically using the Table functions in SPSS 25 and Chi-2 tests. Free-text responses were analysed qualitatively using manifest content analysis.

Results
287 valid questionnaires were returned (response rate: 34.1%). Almost half (46.0%) of the respondents reported that the ICMJE authorship criteria were not fully respected in at least one of the papers in their thesis, while a vast majority (96.7%) found it important that authorship is handled according to the ICMJE authorship criteria. 24.4% reported inadequate handling of authorship order in at least one paper. The qualitative results provide a wide spectrum of examples of how the ICMJE authorship criteria are circumvented.

Conclusion
Despite increasing educational efforts to reduce deviations from good research practice at Scandinavian universities, the handling of authorship in medical papers remains problematic.
Effect of Ethanol Post-Treatments over Sericin Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Arango Maria C. , Osorio Yuliet Montoya , Osorno John Bustamante , Parra Santiago Betancourt , Alvarez-López Catalina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProtein-based biomaterials are excellent candidates for biomedical applications since they have similar properties to the extracellular matrix. Recently, the use of sericin (SS), a protein present in the silk cocoon, can be used as biomaterial. To improve their properties, SS biomaterials must be subject to treatments after their manufacturing. Ethanol post-treatments by immersion and solvent vapor, are used for increasing their crystallinity, mechanical and water stability. In this work, the effect of ethanol post-treatment on the properties of SS scaffolds elaborated by the lyophilization technique was evaluated. Four post-treatments were carried out on the samples: immersed in absolute ethanol for 5 min (SS/EtOH 5 min) and for 1 h (SS/EtOH 1 h); and exposition in a saturated ethanol vapor environment for 1 h (SS/VapEtOH 1 h) and for 24 h (SS/VapEtOH 24 h). The scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption, degradation in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, sericin release from the scaffolds, and the cytotoxicity test. The ATR-FTIR results showed an increment in the relative content of β-sheet structures and an increment in the crystallinity. SEM images revealed that the post-treatment process induces changes in treated materials to present morphological changes. The treatment materials were more water-stable. The excipients of the SS scaffolds evaluated in human epithelial fibroblasts do not generate an acute cytotoxic effect. The results suggest that ethanol post-treatments induce conformational transitions and morphological changes, which should be considered for selecting the post-treatment conditions according to developing materials for wound regeneration.
Auto-regressive extractive summarization with replacement
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Hua Wen , Qu Jianfeng , Hosseini Saeid , Zhou Xiaofang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAuto-regressive extractive summarization approaches determine sentence extraction probability conditioning on previous decisions by maintaining a partial summary representation. Despite its popularity, the framework has two main drawbacks: 1) the partial summary representation is irresolutely denoted by a weighted summation of all the processed sentences without any filtering, resulting in a noisy representation and degrading the effectiveness of extracting subsequent sentences; 2) earlier sentences are biased towards a higher extraction probability due to the sequential nature of sequence tagging. To address these two problems, we propose the Auto-regressive Extractive Summarization with Replacement (AES-Rep), a novel auto-regressive extractive summarization model. In particular, the AES-Rep model consists of two main modules: the extraction decision module that determines whether a sentence should be extracted, and the replacement locater module that enables extracted deficient sentences to be replaced with latter sentences by comparing their expressiveness with respect to the main idea of the document. These modules update the partial summary with explicit actions using elaborated multidimensional guidance. We conduct extensive experiments on the benchmark CNN and DailyMail datasets. Experimental results show that AES-Rep can achieve better performance compared with various strong baselines in terms of multiple ROUGE metrics.
Fuller’s Clock: A Case for Legal Non-Positivism in Artefactual Theory of Law1
Authors: Jędrczak Stanisław 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article covers the traditional problems of the philosophy of law: the controversies between realism and normativism, on the one hand, and positivism and non-positivism, on the other. The author, adopting the ontological perspective of the artefactual theory of law, attempts to attain two research aims. First, he argues that artefactual theory of law paves the way towards a moderate position overcoming realism-normativism duality. Second, he advocates the thesis that the supposedly ontological difference between positivist and non-positivist views might be dispelled and described as merely conceptual. Therefore, the opposite points of view could be considered as metaphysically equivalent ways of grasping the same social reality. According to the crucial premise of the argument law is a meliorative thick concept. The essay was inspired by an analogy between the philosophy of law and the philosophy of science first discussed by Lon L. Fuller.
Calibration of conceptual rainfall-runoff models by selected differential evolution and particle swarm optimization variants
Authors: Napiorkowski Jaroslaw J. , Piotrowski Adam P. , Karamuz Emilia , Senbeta Tesfaye B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe performance of conceptual catchment runoff models may highly depend on the specific choice of calibration methods made by the user. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) are two well-known families of Evolutionary Algorithms that are widely used for calibration of hydrological and environmental models. In the present paper, five DE and five PSO optimization algorithms are compared regarding calibration of two conceptual models, namely the Swedish HBV model (Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenavdelning model) and the French GR4J model (modèle du Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier) of the Kamienna catchment runoff. This catchment is located in the middle part of Poland. The main goal of the study was to find out whether DE or PSO algorithms would be better suited for calibration of conceptual rainfall-runoff models. In general, four out of five DE algorithms perform better than four out of five PSO methods, at least for the calibration data. However, one DE algorithm constantly performs very poorly, while one PSO algorithm is among the best optimizers. Large differences are observed between results obtained for calibration and validation data sets. Differences between optimization algorithms are lower for the GR4J than for the HBV model, probably because GR4J has fewer parameters to optimize than HBV.
A Review on Constraint Handling Techniques for Population-based Algorithms: from single-objective to multi-objective optimization
Authors: Rahimi Iman , Gandomi Amir H. , Chen Fang , Mezura-Montes Efrén 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost real-world problems involve some type of optimization problems that are often constrained. Numerous researchers have investigated several techniques to deal with constrained single-objective and multi-objective evolutionary optimization in many fields, including theory and application. This presented study provides a novel analysis of scholarly literature on constraint-handling techniques for single-objective and multi-objective population-based algorithms according to the most relevant journals and articles. As a contribution to this study, the paper reviews the main ideas of the most state-of-the-art constraint handling techniques in population-based optimization, and then the study addresses the bibliometric analysis, with a focus on multi-objective, in the field. The extracted papers include research articles, reviews, book/book chapters, and conference papers published between 2000 and 2021 for analysis. The results indicate that the constraint-handling techniques for multi-objective optimization have received much less attention compared with single-objective optimization. The most promising algorithms for such optimization were determined to be genetic algorithms, differential evolutionary algorithms, and particle swarm intelligence. Additionally, “Engineering,” “Computer Science,” and “ Mathematics” were identified as the top three research fields in which future research work is anticipated to increase.
The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North
Authors: van den Berg Mathilde , Wallen Henri , Salmi Anna-Kaisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reindeer are the only domestic cervid and have formed the cosmologies and practical daily lives of numerous peoples in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. The questions of when, how, and where reindeer domestication originated and how it developed remain one of the scientific enigmas of our time. The practice of reindeer castration is an essential feature of all communities practicing reindeer herding today. It has probably been one of the most important interventions in the reindeer’s life cycle and biology that marked the start of domesticating human-reindeer relationships long ago. Castration is and has been essential for reindeer taming, control, training, herd management, and ritual practices. Unsuitably, to this present day, there are no methods zooarchaeologists can employ to distinguish a reindeer gelding from a reindeer bull in the archaeological record. In this current paper, we outline a new method that presents the possibility of differentiating between full males, castrated males, and females based on osteometric features. We measured the leg bones and pelvis of the complete or partial skeletons of 97 adult modern domestic reindeer individuals to determine the precise effects castration has on skeletal size and morphology. We explored our osteometric dataset with different statistical methods. We found a clear separation of the two male groups in the radioulna, humerus, and femur but in the tibia and metapodials to a lesser extent. Osteometric depth and width were generally more affected than the longitudinal axis. Females were easily distinguishable from castrates and full males based on nearly every bone measurement. Our analysis shows that reindeer castration can be proven through osteometric analysis.