bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Street-Fighting Mathematics
Authors: Mahajan Sanjoy 
Published: May 2022

An antidote to mathematical rigor mortis, teaching how to guess answers without needing a proof or an exact calculation.
In problem solving, as in street fighting, rules are for fools: do whatever works—don't just stand there! Yet we often fear an unjustified leap even though it may land us on a correct result. Traditional mathematics teaching is largely about solving exactly stated problems exactly, yet life often hands us partly defined problems needing only moderately accurate solutions. This engaging book is an antidote to the rigor mortis brought on by too much mathematical rigor, teaching us how to guess answers without needing a proof or an exact calculation.
In Street-Fighting Mathematics, Sanjoy Mahajan builds, sharpens, and demonstrates tools for educated guessing and down-and-dirty, opportunistic problem solving across diverse fields of knowledge—from mathematics to management. Mahajan describes six tools: dimensional analysis, easy cases, lumping, picture proofs, successive approximation, and reasoning by analogy. Illustrating each tool with numerous examples, he carefully separates the tool—the general principle—from the particular application so that the reader can most easily grasp the tool itself to use on problems of particular interest. Street-Fighting Mathematics grew out of a short course taught by the author at MIT for students ranging from first-year undergraduates to graduate students ready for careers in physics, mathematics, management, electrical engineering, computer science, and biology. They benefited from an approach that avoided rigor and taught them how to use mathematics to solve real problems.
Street-Fighting Mathematics will appear in print and online under a Creative Commons Noncommercial Share Alike license.
Contexto y diferencias de la experiencia sudafricana de derechos sociales para el proceso constitucional chileno
Authors: León Arzich Luis Antonio , Torrejón Correa Andrés Ignacio , León Arzich Antonella Gema 
Published: May 2022

Este artículo busca presentar a una audiencia local cómo funciona la adjudicación de derechos sociales y económicos en la Constitución sudafricana y qué lecciones podrían aplicarse al redactar la nueva Constitución chilena. Identificamos y reseñamos los dos principales factores subyacentes de todo su sistema: La diferencia notable entre las autoridades públicas en la implementación de políticas que operacionalizan estos derechos y la llamada prueba de razonabilidad. Dadas las diferencias en la cultura legal, el sistema político y las expectativas que la gente tiene de la nueva constitución, sería difícil copiar estas instituciones y trasplantarlas a Chile.
An Ultra‐Strong, Water Stable and Antimicrobial Chitosan Film with Interdigitated Bouligand Structure
Authors: Li Suiyi , Wang Haohao , Huang Dafang , Liu Jia , Chen Chuchu , Li Dagang , Zhu Mingwei , Chen Yanfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural polymeric materials are an attractive potential replacement for non‐biodegradable plastics. However, one of the main challenges for high‐end applications of these materials, is to maintain their high mechanical properties in a watery environment. Here, inspired by the reinforcement principle of multiscale architecture in natural crab exoskeletons, an ultra‐strong and hydrostable film is developed through a top‐down method directly from the crab shell. The resulting chitosan film exhibits an outstanding isotropic tensile strength of ≈220 MPa and a superior wet strength of ≈70 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of conventional polysaccharide‐based materials and many commercially used plastics. Its excellent mechanical properties are due to the realization of strong interactions between chitosan fibrils even in wet conditions through interdigitation and densification processes without other additives. Additionally, it also possesses outstanding transparency, flexibility, antimicrobial ability, and biodegradability, making it a promising high‐performance and eco‐friendly material for many potential applications.
Prediction of infinite‐dilution activity coefficients with neural collaborative filtering
Authors: Tan Tian , Cheng Hongye , Chen Guzhong , Song Zhen , Qi Zhiwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate prediction of infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ∞) for phase equilibria and process design is crucial. In this work, an experimental γ∞ dataset containing 295 solutes and 407 solvents (21,048 points) is obtained through data integrating, cleaning, and filtering. The dataset is arranged as a sparse matrix with solutes and solvents as columns and rows, respectively. Neural collaborative filtering (NCF), a modern matrix completion technique based on deep learning, is proposed to fully fill in the γ∞ matrix. Ten‐fold cross‐validation is performed on the collected dataset to test the effectiveness of the proposed NCF, proving that NCF outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art physical model and previous machine learning model. The completed γ∞ matrix makes solvent screening and extension of UNIFAC parameters possible. Taking two typical hard‐to‐separate systems (benzene/cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane/n‐hexane mixtures) as examples, the NCF‐developed database provides high‐throughput screening for separation systems in terms of solvent selectivity and capacity.
Evaluating suitability of confined impinging jet reactor for exothermic reactions: Hydrodynamics, residence time distribution, and heat transfer
Authors: Khan Muzammilanwar S. , Mane Mayur , Kulkarni Amol A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEffect of confinement (wall proximity) of a confined impinging jet reactor (CIJR) on the flow field, residence time distribution and heat transfer are explored, through experiments and CFD simulations. Hydrodynamic characteristics are evaluated for different parameters namely confinement, impinging jet velocity, temperature gradient, and so on. For 2 mm confinement, highest values of dispersion number and overall heat transfer coefficient are observed due to interaction of turbulent eddies followed by the effect of reactor wall proximity. For the CIJR having confinements above 10 mm, jet velocity need to be greater than 3 m/s to achieve both, excellent mixing efficiency and high heat removal rate. Empirical correlations for Dispersion and Nusselt numbers as a function of Rej and L/D are obtained, over a range of and , which correspond to jet velocity of 0.5–3 m/s. The present study gives a basis for designing CIJR suitable for rapid, homogeneous, exothermic reactions.
Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2014–2017
Authors: Hendricks Kitty J. , Layne Larry A. , Schleiff Patricia L. , Javurek Angela B. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries are caused by exposures to airborne toxicants and contaminants in the workplace. A 1990s study found that US emergency department (ED)‐based inhalation injury rates were higher than those seen in the United Kingdom and Canada. This study examines 4 years of hospital ED data to estimate current rates of occupational inhalation injuries.MethodsData from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Occupational Supplement were used to identify nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US hospital EDs from 2014 to 2017. A workplace inhalation injury was defined as any worker treated in an ED as a result of inhaling a harmful substance at work.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2017, there were an estimated 2.2 occupational inhalation injuries per 10,000 full‐time equivalents (FTE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–2.8) treated in EDs, a rate nearly four times that found in Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Although men incurred 60% (95% CI: 56%–64%) of the injuries, the overall injury rates for men and women were similar at 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7–2.9) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4–2.7) per 10,000 FTE, respectively. By age group, workers less than 25 years of age were at greater risk of injury at 4.1 injuries per 10,000 FTE (95% CI: 2.8–5.3).ConclusionsThese results illustrate the burden of nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries, providing an understanding of how injuries are distributed based on demographics. While inhalation injury rates have declined over the last two decades, additional research is needed to determine whether interventions have reduced risk, or if the availability of alternate sources of medical treatment is a factor.
Subcortical brain structures and the risk of dementia in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: van der Velpen Isabelle F. , Vlasov Vanja , Evans Tavia E. , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Gutman Boris A. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , Adams Hieab H. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionVolumetric and morphological changes in subcortical brain structures are present in persons with dementia, but it is unknown if these changes occur prior to diagnosis.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2016, 5522 Rotterdam Study participants (mean age: 64.4) underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were followed for development of dementia until 2018. Volume and shape measures were obtained for seven subcortical structures.ResultsDuring 12 years of follow‐up, 272 dementia cases occurred. Mean volumes of thalamus (hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation [SD] decrease 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.43), amygdala (HR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.44–1.92), and hippocampus (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.43–1.88) were strongly associated with dementia risk. Associations for accumbens, pallidum, and caudate volumes were less pronounced. Shape analyses identified regional surface changes in the amygdala, limbic thalamus, and caudate.DiscussionStructure of the amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, and caudate is associated with risk of dementia in a large population‐based cohort of older adults.
Evaluation of triticale anaerobic digestion in a double cropping system: Relation between biomass yield, chemical composition, and biomethane production
Authors: Garuti Mirco , Soldano Mariangela , Mazzola Lorenzo , Fermoso Fernando G. , Rodriguez Antonia J. , Immovilli Alessandra , Dal Prà Aldo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor sustainable biomethane production, energy crops should not compete for land against feed and food. In response to this requirement, a set of practices for an innovative way to produce food and biomethane was developed in Italy with the Biogasdoneright™ model, which introduces the double‐cropping system along with digestate fertilization and minimum tillage. Triticale is a promising feedstock as energy crop in such systems. Ninteen varieties of triticale harvested at milk and dough development stages were evaluated. Principal component analysis showed that cellulose content positively affects methane production whereas starch content has only a very weak relation with specific methane yield and methane formation rate. Despite these relations, triticale chemical composition did not influence the profitability of bioenergy production as much as the total biomass solids yields, the total solids concentration at harvest, and the timing of growth. Triticale can be considered a suitable energy crop for biomethane targeting at least 4600 Nm3 CH4 per hectare. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the apoptosis‐inducing effect of docetaxel by comprehensive LC–MS–based metabolomics and network pharmacology approaches
Authors: Wang Dongyao , Tang Yuxiao , Feng Fei , Qi Minyu , Fang Jiahao , Zhang Ying , Chai Yifeng , Cao Yan , Lv Diya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDocetaxel is one of the clinical first‐line drugs and its combination with other chemotherapy agents for advanced or metastatic cancers has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, to promote the clinical application of docetaxel alone or in combination, a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic mechanism of docetaxel is of great importance. Here, we apply an integrative analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of docetaxel. After taking the intersection of the aforesaid two methods, five pathways including ABC (ATP‐binding cassette) transporters, central carbon metabolism in cancer, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis have been screened. Concerning the interaction network of these pathways and the anti‐apoptosis effect of docetaxel itself, the central carbon metabolism in cancer pathway was mainly focused on. This study may help delineate global landscapes of cellular protein–metabolite interactions, to provide molecular insights about their mechanisms of action as well as to promote their clinical applications.
An EPO‐loaded multifunctional hydrogel synergizing with adipose‐derived stem cells restores neurogenic erectile function via enhancing nerve regeneration and penile rehabilitation
Authors: Shao Jun , Nie Pan , Yang Wende , Guo Rui , Ding Dongbing , Liang Rongpu , Wei Bo , Wei Hongbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeurogenic erectile dysfunction (nED) is one of the most common and intractable postoperative complications of rectal and prostate cancer surgery and sometimes accompanies patients lifelong. The transplantation of stem cells has been proved a promising way for treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy is severely impaired by excessive cell loss and death and poor accumulation in the injury site along with the traditional implantation strategy. Herein, an EPO‐loaded multifunctional hydrogel was designed. The hydrogels' adhesive property and mechanical strength were enhanced by adding catechol‐catechol adducts, thus significantly improving adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) retention and rescuing cell loss in the injury site. Meanwhile, the sustained release of EPO effectively ameliorated the viability and paracrine activity of ADSC, leading to enhanced migration of Schwann cells and differentiation of PC12 cells in vivo. On a bilateral cavernous nerve injury rat model, the present stem cell‐EPO‐hydrogel implanted strategy could significantly alleviate erectile dysfunction. The higher expression of Tuj1 and lower expression of GFAP in the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) indicated the acceleration of neural differentiation while the suppressing development of astrocytes. Also, the combined therapy restored the expression levels of eNOs, nNOs, and α‐SMA in penile tissues, suggesting the rehabilitation of the penis. Further analysis of Masson trichrome staining and apoptosis evaluation of the corpus cavernosum showed the preservation of vascular endothelium content and the prevention of penile fibrosis after denervation. Overall, we believe that this combined strategy presents a promising way not only for restoring neurogenic erectile function but also for the clinical translation of stem cell therapy.
Electrically conductive carbon‐based (bio)‐nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Jalilinejad Negin , Rabiee Mohammad , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Salarian Reza , Rabiee Navid , Akhavan Omid , Zarrintaj Payam , Hejna Aleksander , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Zarrabi Ali , Sharifi Esmaeel , Yousefiasl Satar , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA proper self‐regenerating capability is lacking in human cardiac tissue which along with the alarming rate of deaths associated with cardiovascular disorders makes tissue engineering critical. Novel approaches are now being investigated in order to speedily overcome the challenges in this path. Tissue engineering has been revolutionized by the advent of nanomaterials, and later by the application of carbon‐based nanomaterials because of their exceptional variable functionality, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive biomaterials used as cell bearers provide the tissue with an appropriate microenvironment for the specific seeded cells as substrates for the sake of protecting cells in biological media against attacking mechanisms. Nevertheless, their advantages and shortcoming in view of cellular behavior, toxicity, and targeted delivery depend on the tissue in which they are implanted or being used as a scaffold. This review seeks to address, summarize, classify, conceptualize, and discuss the use of carbon‐based nanoparticles in cardiac tissue engineering emphasizing their conductivity. We considered electrical conductivity as a key affecting the regeneration of cells. Correspondingly, we reviewed conductive polymers used in tissue engineering and specifically in cardiac repair as key biomaterials with high efficiency. We comprehensively classified and discussed the advantages of using conductive biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering. An overall review of the open literature on electroactive substrates including carbon‐based biomaterials over the last decade was provided, tabulated, and thoroughly discussed. The most commonly used conductive substrates comprising graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers in cardiac repair were studied.
Tailoring the interaction of covalent organic framework with the polyether matrix toward high‐performance solid‐state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Hou Zhen , Xia Shuixin , Niu Chaoqun , Pang Yuepeng , Sun Hao , Li Zhiqi , Xu Yuxi , Zheng Shiyou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolid polymer electrolyte is one of the most promising avenues to construct next‐generation energy storage systems with high energy density, high safety, and flexibility, yet the low ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor high‐voltage tolerance have limited their practical applications. To address the above issues, we design and synthesize a highly crystalline, vinyl‐functionalized covalent organic framework (V‐COF) rationally grafted with ether‐based segments through solvent‐free in situ polymerization. V‐COF can afford a fast Li+ conduction highway along the one‐dimensional nanochannels and improve the high‐voltage stability of ether‐based electrolytes due to the rigid and electrochemically stable networks. The as‐formed solid‐state electrolyte membranes demonstrate a superior ionic conductivity of 1.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 40°C, enhanced wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V, and high Young's modulus of 92 MPa. The Li symmetric cell demonstrates ultralong stable cycling over 600 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 (40°C). The assembled solid‐state Li|LiFePO4 cells show a superior initial specific capacity of 136 mAh g−1 at 1 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1) and a high capacity retention rate of 84% after 300 cycles. This study provides a novel and scalable approach toward high‐performance solid ether‐based lithium metal batteries.
Dynamic distributed KCi‐slice data publishing model with multiple sensitive attributes
Authors: Raju N. V. S. Lakshmipathi , Naresh Vankamamidi S. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYPrivacy‐preserving data publishing (PPDP) provides scope for performing various types of analytics by the researcher on the published data without revealing the individuals' privacy. However, it is necessary to consider the data from all the available locations to obtain accurate results from the published data. Then only the derived associations from the published data are helpful to make new decisions by an organization. Existing PPDP models on multiple sensitive attributes like KC‐slice (K stands for bucket size, C stands for constant threshold), KCi‐slice (K–bucket size, Ci–variable threshold), Novel KCi‐slice, and Optimal KCi‐slice models are concentrated only when data is located at a single location. This research work introduces a new model called “distributed KCi‐slice,” which considers the data with multiple sensitive attributes from various locations to obtain accurate results. Initially, this model proposes a novel technique called a distributed algorithm to merge the different data sets into a single data set. It combines the data differently, so that it is not possible to identify any record of a specific data set from the merged data. The proposed model also uses a new bucketization algorithm named (l,m,d)*‐anonymity (l stands for distinct semantic categories of the sensitive values of a sensitive attribute in a specific bucket, m stands for the number of sensitive attributes, and d stands for different sensitive categories for the sensitive values of a sensitive attribute in each sensitive bucket) for the bucketization of the tuples into the buckets. It imposes the privacy constraints only on high sensitive values of each sensitive attribute by considering the semantic and sensitive levels of sensitive values. The distributed KCi‐slice model finally publishes the data in the form of multiple sensitive tables and one quasi table. This model is implemented based on attribute sensitiveness to enhance the utility and privacy levels of the published data.
Cell throughput contribution rate based sleep control algorithm for energy efficiency in 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Natarajan Janani , B. Rebekka 
Published: May 2022

SummaryHeterogeneous networks (HetNets) have been a trending topic of interest for researchers in 5G technology. A HetNet structure comprises a macro cell network assisted by small cell networks such as pico cells and femto cells. This additional hardware ensures distribution of the user equipment (UE) load of the main base station (MBS) at the cost of a surge in the overall system power consumption. Optimized power consumption coupled with enhanced cell throughput by dynamic small cell ON/OFF strategy improves the energy efficiency (EE) in dense HetNets. This paper proposes two algorithms to switch the small cell ON/OFF based on cell throughput contribution rate (CTCR). CTCR is the ratio of actual cell throughput to the maximum cell throughput with full utilization of the allotted bandwidth. In the first method, the threshold to decide small cell ON/OFF has been carefully defined considering two important factors—the MBS‐SBS distance and the ratio of small cell density to UE density such that less loaded small cells that are closer to the MBS are the candidates chosen for sleep mode. In the second method, a correction factor in the computation of CTCR is introduced. It is a logarithmic function of the relative distance of the small base station (SBS) to the radius of macro cell coverage. This steps up the threshold for SBS that are close to MBS. They are more suitable sleep state candidates as their UEs can be served directly by the MBS and enable large user throughput. Simulation results show that the EE of the proposed amended CTCR method is 8% more than proposed CTCR method and 30.66% better relative to conventional load‐based sleep control method.