bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for thermal evaluation of automotive gearbox packages taking into account load point-dependent oil distribution
Authors: Uerlich Roland , Koch Theo , Theising Heiner , Eckstein Lutz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe spread of all-electric drives is steadily increasing in all sectors of road transport. Due to the constantly increasing demands on efficiency and performance by legislation and customers, it is necessary to continuously push the system limits of the powertrains. This paper presents an approach that performs an initial thermal system analysis based on a first gearbox configuration and efficiency calculation. Here, the componentwise loss calculation is used to identify thermal hotspots within the gearbox stage. The basis of this analysis is the thermal network method. For the approach, the gearbox elements gear, bearing, shaft, seal and housing are broken down into standard thermal elements to be created automatically for any subsequent gearbox configuration. The linking of these elements to each other is also standardised and automated comparably. An extensive simulation study is carried out using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to consider the load point-dependent oil distribution, which enables an initial estimate of the oil distribution. The thermal network filled in this way is then solved on a time-step basis, allowing dynamic load cases to be considered. The quality of the method is validated within the paper using the VW ID 3 gearbox as an example. Due to the use of a series gearbox, the validation was carried out on the basis of the accessible housing temperatures. These already show good convergence of the method compared to other existing approaches, which reinforces the necessity of conducting further experimental studies.
A computational fluid dynamics study of flame gas sampling in horizontal dilution tubes
Authors: Mätzing Hartmut , Vlavakis Petros , Trimis Dimosthenis , Stapf Dieter 
Published: June 2022

The performance of horizontal dilution tubes is investigated by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large-eddy simulations. The flame gas enters the dilution tube through a pinhole. The orifice flow and the dilution process inside the tube are studied. The volume flow through the orifice is shown to be proportional to the square root of the pressure drop. The discharge coefficient is 0.9 ± 0.3 in the cold air (calibration) case and drops to 0.35 under hot (flame) conditions. The resulting dilution ratio is roughly a factor of five below typical literature data. The gas sample remains in the wall boundary layer and the mixing process is not complete at the end of the dilution tube. Turbulence decays rapidly behind the tube inlet, which shifts the flow into the laminar to turbulent transition regime. Turbulence increases significantly in the outlet section which has much smaller pipe cross-sections. Despite its relatively low Reynolds number, the outlet flow to the particle sizer (or to the gas analyzer) is clearly turbulent, and interactions with the wall are probable. The results are in agreement with previous findings from laminar jets in cross-flow. Guidelines for optimization of the sampling conditions are suggested.
Multi-decadal basal slip enhancement at Saskatchewan Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Stevens Nathan T. , Roland Collin J. , Zoet Lucas K. , Alley Richard B. , Hansen Dougal D. , Schwans Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlacier motion responds dynamically to changing meltwater inputs, but the multi-decadal response of basal sliding to climate remains poorly constrained due to its sensitivity across multiple timescales. Observational records of glacier motion provide critical benchmarks to decode processes influencing glacier dynamics, but multi-decadal records that precede satellite observation and modern warming are rare. Here we present a record of motion in the ablation zone of Saskatchewan Glacier that spans seven decades. We combine in situ and remote-sensing observations to inform a first-order glacier flow model used to estimate the relative contributions of sliding and internal deformation on dynamics. We find a significant increase in basal sliding rates between melt-seasons in the 1950s and those in the 1990s and 2010s and explore three process-based explanations for this anomalous behavior: (i) the glacier surface steepened over seven decades, maintaining flow-driving stresses despite sustained thinning; (ii) the formation of a proglacial lake after 1955 may support elevated basal water pressures; and (iii) subglacial topography may cause dynamic responses specific to Saskatchewan Glacier. Although further constraints are necessary to ascertain which processes are of greatest importance for Saskatchewan Glacier's dynamic evolution, this record provides a benchmark for studies of multi-decadal glacier dynamics.
Richness, Insecurity and the Welfare State
Authors: HECHT KATHARINA , BURCHARDT TANIA , DAVIS ABIGAIL 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcross many countries, increases in inequality driven by rising top incomes and wealth have not been accompanied by growing popular concern. In fact, citizens in unequal societies are less concerned than those in more egalitarian societies. Understanding how the general public perceive richness is an essential step towards resolving this paradox. We discuss findings from focus group research in London, UK, a profoundly and visibly unequal city, which sought to explore public perceptions of richness and the rich. Participants from diverse socio-economic backgrounds discussed their views of the ‘wealthy’ and the ‘super rich’ with reference to both vast economic resources and more intangible aspects, including, crucially, security. High levels of wealth and income were perceived to be necessary for achieving security for oneself and one’s family. The security of the rich was discussed in contrast to participants’ own and others’ insecurity in the context of a (neo)liberal welfare regime – specifically, insecurity about housing, personal finances, social security, health care and the future of the welfare state. In unequal countries, where insecurity is widespread, lack of confidence in collective welfare state provision may serve in the public imagination to legitimate private wealth accumulation and richness as a form of self-protection.
Effects of distributed practice on the acquisition of verb-noun collocations
Authors: Yamagata Satoshi , Nakata Tatsuya , Rogers James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiven the importance of collocational knowledge for second language learning, how collocation learning can be facilitated is an important question. The present study examined the effects of three different practice schedules on collocation learning: node massed, collocation massed, and collocation spaced. In the node-massed schedule, three collocations for the same node verb were studied on the same day. In the collocation-massed schedule, three collocations for the same node verb were studied in different weeks. In the collocation-spaced schedule, participants encountered multiple collocations for the same node verb within a single day; at the same time, multiple collocations for the same node verb were repeated each week. To examine whether the knowledge of studied collocations could be transferred to unstudied collocations containing the same node, posttests included novel collocations that were not encountered during the treatment. Results suggested that the collocation-spaced schedule led to the largest gains for both studied and unstudied collocations.
Would the “Optional Protocol” Effectuate India's Due Diligence Obligation Under the Women's Convention?
Authors: SHRITHA Vasudevan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndia acceded to the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women with a Declaration (CEDAW) to Article 5(a) stating that it will implement the principle on gender-based equality only to the extent of non-interference in the personal affairs of its religious communities. The due diligence obligation in the CEDAW, which was adopted through General Recommendation No. 19 in 1992, normatively expanded Article 5 to imply an obligation on nation states to redress traditional cultural attitudes that cause gender-based violence. This article argues that the cultural nature of GBV in India converts the Declaration of India into an inconsistent reservation under public international law. This implies that India's Declaration is an egregious breach of the CEDAW's due diligence obligation. Accession to the CEDAW's Optional Protocol is advocated as a solution to this serious breach. Theoretical implications for the three-stage norm life cycle and epiphenomenal norms are presented.
The Glyphosate Saga Continues: ‘Dissenting’ Member States and the European Way Forward
Authors: Leonelli Giulia Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA decision will soon have to be taken regarding the renewal of approval of glyphosate at the European Union (EU) level; this pesticidal active substance, however, is more controversial than ever. This article critically assesses various strategies pursued by EU Member States and regional authorities which challenge the EU approach to glyphosate and aim to safeguard their higher levels of public health and environmental protection. It reflects on the prospects of success of these strategies, and their compatibility with EU law. The analysis includes the action for the annulment of glyphosate's 2017 reapproval brought by the Brussels-Capital Region, the Austrian attempt to enact a blanket ban on glyphosate-based pesticidal formulations, and the more sophisticated strategies pursued by Luxembourg and France. The article concludes that the French strategy is effective in risk regulation terms, and compatible with EU law. Nonetheless, adopting the French approach may prove rather difficult for other Member States, as a result of both structural-regulatory and practical constraints. Rather, an EU-wide strategy on glyphosate is urgently needed.
Investigation of Kinetic Ballooning Instability in 2D Harris Sheet Equilibrium With Finite Normal Bz Field
Authors: Khan Abdullah , Ikram Muhammad , Khan Majid , Zafar Abdullah , Abid Abid Ali , Esmaeili Amin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubstorm onset is believed to be a fundamental process for magnetic and plasma energy transport in both magnetosphere and ionosphere. In this regard, the ballooning instability is considered to be one of the key trigger mechanism for the substorm onset scenario in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. Here, the kinetic ballooning instability (KBI) in the near‐Earth magnetotail is analyzed using the two‐dimensional (2D) generalized Harris sheet and Voigt equilibrium models. The corresponding kinetic ballooning mode is unstable in the intermediate range of perpendicular wave number (ky) and the equatorial beta (βeq). We further note that the growth rate of the ballooning mode reduces significantly with the increase in electron‐to‐ion temperatures ratio (Te/Ti) and wave number ky. The kinetic ballooning mode is found to be most unstable in a thin current sheet region at the equatorial location xe ∼ (8.5 − 10)RE, where the ballooning drive term (βeq/LpRc) is dominant on stiffening effect due to minimum in normal magnetic field. Because of the stabilizing effect as caused by the field line stiffening and the strong field line stabilization, the ballooning mode is stable (marginally unstable) close (away) from the Earth. The magnitude of the KBI growth rates as a function of the equatorial beta βeq and location xe for a wide and thin current sheets using the Voigt equilibrium model are smaller than the Harris sheet counterpart, which are used for modeling the near‐Earth plasma sheet configuration for the slow and fast substorm growth phases, respectively. The results suggest that the excitation of KBI through the local current sheet thinning may also be an effective trigger mechanism for the substorm onset in the near‐Earth magnetotail.
Acoustic Wave Velocities of Ferrous‐Bearing MgSiO3 Glass up to 158 GPa With Implications for Dense Silicate Melts at the Base of the Earth's Mantle
Authors: Mashino Izumi , Murakami Motohiko , Kitao Shinji , Mitsui Takaya , Masuda Ryo , Seto Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe conducted in situ high‐pressure acoustic‐wave velocity measurements of Fe2+‐bearing MgSiO3 glass up to 158 GPa by Brillouin scattering spectroscopy to clarify the effect of iron on the elasticity and structural evolution of silicate melts in the lower mantle. The change in trend of the VS profile, likely induced by the structural transition of Si‐O coordination number from 6 to 6+ proposed in previous studies of silicate glasses, was confirmed to be located at ∼106 GPa. Given the iron contents of partial melts derived from a pyrolitic or chondritic mantle, the transition pressure would be at around 84–97 GPa, which is well within the lowermost‐mantle pressure regime. Our data show the substitution of 12 mol% Fe in MgSiO3 glass decreases the VS by ∼5.5%. This implies that iron affects the buoyancy relations between melts/crystals and the melts at the lowermost mantle will have the higher coordination number than 6.
Variability of Snow and Rainfall Partitioning Into Evapotranspiration and Summer Runoff Across Nine Mountainous Catchments
Authors: Sprenger Matthias , Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Dennedy‐Frank James , Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. , Newcomer Michelle E. , Brown Wendy , Newman Alexander , Beutler Curtis , Bill Markus , Hubbard Susan S. , Williams Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the partitioning of snow and rain contributing to either catchment streamflow or evapotranspiration (ET) is of critical relevance for water management in response to climate change. To investigate this partitioning, we use endmember splitting and mixing analyses based on stable isotope (18O) data from nine headwater catchments in the East River, Colorado. Our results show that one third of the snow partitions to ET and 13% of the snowmelt sustains summer streamflow. Only 8% of the rainfall contributes to the summer streamflow, because most of the rain (67%) partitions to ET. The spatial variability of precipitation partitioning is mainly driven by aspect and tree cover across the sub‐catchments. Catchments with higher tree cover have a higher share of snow becoming ET, resulting in less snow in summer streamflow. Summer streamflow did not contain more rain with higher rainfall sums, but more rain was taken up in ET.
Endowing universal CAR T-cell with immune-evasive properties using TALEN-gene editing
Authors: Jo Sumin , Das Shipra , Williams Alan , Chretien Anne-Sophie , Pagliardini Thomas , Le Roy Aude , Fernandez Jorge Postigo , Le Clerre Diane , Jahangiri Billal , Chion-Sotinel Isabelle , Rozlan Sandra , Dessez Emilie , Gouble Agnes , Dusséaux Mathilde , Galetto Roman , Duclert Aymeric , Marcenaro Emanuela , Devillier Raynier , Olive Daniel , Duchateau Philippe , Poirot Laurent , Valton Julien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUniversal CAR T-cell therapies are poised to revolutionize cancer treatment and to improve patient outcomes. However, realizing these advantages in an allogeneic setting requires universal CAR T-cells that can kill target tumor cells, avoid depletion by the host immune system, and proliferate without attacking host tissues. Here, we describe the development of a novel immune-evasive universal CAR T-cells scaffold using precise TALEN-mediated gene editing and DNA matrices vectorized by recombinant adeno-associated virus 6. We simultaneously disrupt and repurpose the endogenous TRAC and B2M loci to generate TCRαβ- and HLA-ABC-deficient T-cells expressing the CAR construct and the NK-inhibitor named HLA-E. This highly efficient gene editing process enables the engineered T-cells to evade NK cell and alloresponsive T-cell attacks and extend their persistence and antitumor activity in the presence of cytotoxic levels of NK cell in vivo and in vitro, respectively. This scaffold could enable the broad use of universal CAR T-cells in allogeneic settings and holds great promise for clinical applications.
Inherited basis of visceral, abdominal subcutaneous and gluteofemoral fat depots
Authors: Agrawal Saaket , Wang Minxian , Klarqvist Marcus D. R. , Smith Kirk , Shin Joseph , Dashti Hesam , Diamant Nathaniel , Choi Seung Hoan , Jurgens Sean J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Philippakis Anthony , Claussnitzer Melina , Ng Kenney , Udler Miriam S. , Batra Puneet , Khera Amit V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor any given level of overall adiposity, individuals vary considerably in fat distribution. The inherited basis of fat distribution in the general population is not fully understood. Here, we study up to 38,965 UK Biobank participants with MRI-derived visceral (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT), and gluteofemoral (GFAT) adipose tissue volumes. Because these fat depot volumes are highly correlated with BMI, we additionally study six local adiposity traits: VAT adjusted for BMI and height (VATadj), ASATadj, GFATadj, VAT/ASAT, VAT/GFAT, and ASAT/GFAT. We identify 250 independent common variants (39 newly-identified) associated with at least one trait, with many associations more pronounced in female participants. Rare variant association studies extend prior evidence for PDE3B as an important modulator of fat distribution. Local adiposity traits (1) highlight depot-specific genetic architecture and (2) enable construction of depot-specific polygenic scores that have divergent associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. These results – using MRI-derived, BMI-independent measures of local adiposity – confirm fat distribution as a highly heritable trait with important implications for cardiometabolic health outcomes.
Promoting biomass electrooxidation via modulating proton and oxygen anion deintercalation in hydroxide
Authors: He Zuyun , Hwang Jinwoo , Gong Zhiheng , Zhou Mengzhen , Zhang Nian , Kang Xiongwu , Han Jeong Woo , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe redox center of transition metal oxides and hydroxides is generally considered to be the metal site. Interestingly, proton and oxygen in the lattice recently are found to be actively involved in the catalytic reactions, and critically determine the reactivity. Herein, taking glycerol electrooxidation reaction as the model reaction, we reveal systematically the impact of proton and oxygen anion (de)intercalation processes on the elementary steps. Combining density functional theory calculations and advanced spectroscopy techniques, we find that doping Co into Ni-hydroxide promotes the deintercalation of proton and oxygen anion from the catalyst surface. The oxygen vacancies formed in NiCo hydroxide during glycerol electrooxidation reaction increase d-band filling on Co sites, facilitating the charge transfer from catalyst surface to cleaved molecules during the 2nd C-C bond cleavage. Consequently, NiCo hydroxide exhibits enhanced glycerol electrooxidation activity, with a current density of 100 mA/cm2 at 1.35 V and a formate selectivity of 94.3%.
Effect of vaccination on household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern
Authors: Lyngse Frederik Plesner , Mølbak Kåre , Denwood Matt , Christiansen Lasse Engbo , Møller Camilla Holten , Rasmussen Morten , Cohen Arieh Sierra , Stegger Marc , Fonager Jannik , Sieber Raphael Niklaus , Ellegaard Kirsten Maren , Nielsen Claus , Kirkeby Carsten Thure 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffective vaccines protect individuals by not only reducing the susceptibility to infection, but also reducing the infectiousness of breakthrough infections in vaccinated cases. To disentangle the vaccine effectiveness against susceptibility to infection (VES) and vaccine effectiveness against infectiousness (VEI), we took advantage of Danish national data comprising 24,693 households with a primary case of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Delta Variant of Concern, 2021) including 53,584 household contacts. In this setting, we estimated VES as 61% (95%-CI: 59-63), when the primary case was unvaccinated, and VEI as 31% (95%-CI: 26-36), when the household contact was unvaccinated. Furthermore, unvaccinated secondary cases with an infection exhibited a three-fold higher viral load compared to fully vaccinated secondary cases with a breakthrough infection. Our results demonstrate that vaccinations reduce susceptibility to infection as well as infectiousness, which should be considered by policy makers when seeking to understand the public health impact of vaccination against transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Improving the odds together: a framework for breast cancer research scientists to include patient advocates in their research
Authors: Stires Hillary , Bado Igor , Brown Thelma , Carlson Martha , Chan Isaac S. , Echeverria Gloria V. , Ewald Andrew J. , Lim Bora , Lloyd Carla , Maues Julia , Oesterreich Steffi , Riter Robert N. , Shanahan Kelly , Welm Alana L. , Newby Josh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncluding patient advocates in basic cancer research ensures that breast cancer research is intentional, supports effective communication with broader audiences, and directly connects researchers with those who they are striving to help. Despite this utility, many cancer research scientists do not work with patient advocates. To understand barriers to engagement and build a framework for enhanced interactions in the future, we hosted a workshop with patient advocates and researchers who do engage, then discussed findings at an international metastatic breast cancer conference to solicit additional feedback and suggestions. Findings demonstrate that researchers are uncertain about how to initiate and maintain relationships with advocates. We offer actionable steps to support researchers working with patient advocates to improve cancer research and accomplish our collective goal of improving lives of those who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. We hope that this initiative will facilitate such collaborative efforts.
Post-quantum steering is a stronger-than-quantum resource for information processing
Authors: Cavalcanti Paulo J. , Selby John H. , Sikora Jamie , Galley Thomas D. , Sainz Ana Belén 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present the first instance where post-quantum steering is a stronger-than-quantum resource for information processing – remote state preparation. In addition, we show that the phenomenon of post-quantum steering is not just a mere mathematical curiosity allowed by the no-signalling principle, but it may arise within compositional theories beyond quantum theory, hence making its study fundamentally relevant. We show these results by formulating a new compositional general probabilistic theory – which we call Witworld – with strong post-quantum features, which proves to be a intuitive and useful tool for exploring steering and its applications beyond the quantum realm.
Phase-locking matter-wave interferometer of vortex states
Authors: Kong Lingran , Gao Tianyou , Nie Longzhi , Zhang Dongfang , Li Ruizong , Han Guangwen , Zhan Mingsheng , Jiang Kaijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMatter-wave interferometer of ultracold atoms with different linear momenta has been extensively studied in theory and experiment. The vortex matter-wave interferometer with different angular momenta is applicable as a quantum sensor for measuring the magnetic field, rotation, geometric phase, etc. Here we report the experimental realization of a vortex matter-wave interferometer by coherently transferring the optical angular momentum to an ultracold Bose condensate. We use the angular interference technique to measure the relative phase of two vortex states. For a lossless interferometer with atoms only populating two spin states, the difference between the relative phases in the two spin states is locked to π. We also prove the robustness of this out-of-phase relation, not sensitive to the angular-momentum difference between two vortex states, constituent of Raman optical fields and expansion of the condensate. The experimental results agree well with the calculation from the unitary evolution of wave packet in quantum mechanics. This work opens a new way to build a quantum sensor based on the vortex matter-wave interference.