bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-GlcNAc transferase regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy
Authors: Luo Rongjin , Li Gaocai , Zhang Weifei , Liang Huaizhen , Lu Saideng , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Zhang Teng , Tu Ji , Liu Hui , Liao Zhiwei , Ke Wencan , Wang Bingjin , Song Yu , Yang Cao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) and endoplasmic reticulum-phagy (ER-phagy) are well-characterized conserved adaptive regulatory mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis and function in response to various stress conditions. Abnormalities in O-GlcNAcylation and ER-phagy have been documented in a wide variety of human pathologies. However, whether O-GlcNAcylation or ER-phagy is involved in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of O-GlcNAcylation and ER-phagy and the related underlying mechanisms in IDD. We found that the expression profiles of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were notably increased in degenerated NP tissues and nutrient-deprived nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. By modulating the O-GlcNAc level through genetic manipulation and specific pharmacological intervention, we revealed that increasing O-GlcNAcylation abundance substantially enhanced cell function and facilitated cell survival under nutrient deprivation (ND) conditions. Moreover, FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy activation was regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, and suppression of ER-phagy by FAM134B knockdown considerably counteracted the protective effects of amplified O-GlcNAcylation. Mechanistically, FAM134B was determined to be a potential target of OGT, and O-GlcNAcylation of FAM134B notably reduced FAM134B ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Correspondingly, the protection conferred by modulating O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis was verified in a rat IDD model. Our data demonstrated that OGT directly associates with and stabilizes FAM134B and subsequently enhances FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy to enhance the adaptive capability of cells in response to nutrient deficiency. These findings may provide a new option for O-GlcNAcylation-based therapeutics in IDD prevention.
A novel progressive wave gyroscope based on acousto-optic effects
Authors: Tian Lu , Shen Qiang , Chang Honglong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose and numerically investigate a brand-new, high-sensitivity progressive wave gyroscope based on acousto-optic effects for the measurement of rotational angular velocity. Unlike the traditional surface acoustic wave (SAW) gyroscope, which uses shifts in the SAW frequency to characterize the rotational angular velocity, this study uses acousto-optic effects to detect changes in refractive index caused by mechanical strain, measuring the angular velocity by the output optical power intensity of the optical waveguide. The three-dimensional finite element analysis method is utilized to build an SAW excitation model and optical detection model. We show that the sensitivity of the SAW gyroscope is highly dependent upon geometric parameters of the structure and that the mechanical strain induced by the progressive wave of the SAW can be effectively measured by the optical power intensity under the action of external angular velocity. The superiority of the proposed structure is substantiated by its achievement of a theoretical sensitivity of 1.8647 (mW/m2)/(rad/s) and high impact resistance of 220,000 g. By means of normalization, the sensitivity of the proposed structure can be enhanced by four orders of magnitude compared to the traditional SAW gyroscope. The novel structure combines the advantages of both conventional microscale vibrating gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes, providing a powerful solution for performance enhancement of SAW gyroscopes and, thereby, enabling application in the field of inertial devices.
Integrated analysis reveals FOXA1 and Ku70/Ku80 as targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer
Authors: Lv Shidong , Wu Zeyu , Luo Mayao , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Jianqiang , Pascal Laura E. , Wang Zhou , Wei Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIvermectin is a widely used antiparasitic drug and shows promising anticancer activity in various cancer types. Although multiple signaling pathways modulated by ivermectin have been identified in tumor cells, few studies have focused on the exact target of ivermectin. Herein, we report the pharmacological effects and targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer. Ivermectin caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage, and decreased androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells. Further in vivo analysis showed ivermectin could suppress 22RV1 xenograft progression. Using integrated omics profiling, including RNA-seq and thermal proteome profiling, the forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair executer Ku70/Ku80 were strongly suggested as direct targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer. The interaction of ivermectin and FOXA1 reduced the chromatin accessibility of AR signaling and the G0/G1 cell cycle regulator E2F1, leading to cell proliferation inhibition. The interaction of ivermectin and Ku70/Ku80 impaired the NHEJ repair ability. Cooperating with the downregulation of homologous recombination repair ability after AR signaling inhibition, ivermectin increased intracellular DNA double-strand breaks and finally triggered cell death. Our findings demonstrate the anticancer effect of ivermectin in prostate cancer, indicating that its use may be a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
Nintedanib induces senolytic effect via STAT3 inhibition
Authors: Cho Hyun-Ji , Hwang Jeong-A , Yang Eun Jae , Kim Eok-Cheon , Kim Jae-Ryong , Kim Sung Young , Kim Young Zoon , Park Sang Chul , Lee Young-Sam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSelective removal of senescent cells, or senolytic therapy, has been proposed to be a potent strategy for overcoming age-related diseases and even for reversing aging. We found that nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, selectively induced the death of primary human dermal fibroblasts undergoing RS. Similar to ABT263, a well-known senolytic agent, nintedanib triggered intrinsic apoptosis in senescent cells. Additionally, at the concentration producing the senolytic effect, nintedanib arrested the cell cycle of nonsenescent cells in the G1 phase without inducing cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the mechanism by which nintedanib activated caspase-9 in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway differed from that of ABT263 apoptosis induction; specifically, nintedanib did not decrease the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins in senescent cells. Moreover, nintedanib suppressed the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which caused the drug-induced death of senescent cells. STAT3 knockdown in senescent cells induced caspase activation. Moreover, nintedanib reduced the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive senescent cells in parallel with a reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation and ameliorated collagen deposition in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Consistently, nintedanib exhibited a senolytic effect through bleomycin-induced senescence of human pulmonary fibroblasts. Overall, we found that nintedanib can be used as a new senolytic agent and that inhibiting STAT3 may be an approach for inducing the selective death of senescent cells. Our findings pave the way for expanding the senolytic toolkit for use in various aging statuses and age-related diseases.
Tuning the density of zero-field skyrmions and imaging the spin configuration in a two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 magnet
Authors: Ding Bei , Li Xue , Li Zefang , Xi Xuekui , Yao Yuan , Wang Wenhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the advent of ferromagnetism, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have attracted particular attention in exploring topological spin textures, such as skyrmions used for next-generation spintronic devices. The discovery of magnetic skyrmions in Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) has sparked interest in investigating the spin configurations of skyrmions in FGT. Here, we used an in situ Lorentz microscope to directly demonstrate the generation and sustainability of Bloch-type skyrmions in a zero magnetic field over a wide temperature range in 2D vdW FGT. By tuning the value of the external magnetic field, the highest-density hexagonal skyrmion lattice emerges after reducing the magnetic field to zero. Moreover, by tilting the FGT nanosheet, we found that the field-free Bloch-type skyrmions in FGT can also represent an invisible contrast when the tilt angle is zero, but a reversed magnetic contrast emerges at a high tilt angle. On the basis of our experiments, we discuss the possible mechanisms for such variable magnetic contrast. These findings offer valuable insights into the spin configurations of skyrmions in 2D vdW FGT and shed light on the identification of spin configurations via Lorentz microscopy.
Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity
Authors: Sabatini Francesco Maria , Jiménez-Alfaro Borja , Jandt Ute , Chytrý Milan , Field Richard , Kessler Michael , Lenoir Jonathan , Schrodt Franziska , Wiser Susan K. , Arfin Khan Mohammed A. S. , Attorre Fabio , Cayuela Luis , De Sanctis Michele , Dengler Jürgen , Haider Sylvia , Hatim Mohamed Z. , Indreica Adrian , Jansen Florian , Pauchard Aníbal , Peet Robert K. , Petřík Petr , Pillar Valério D. , Sandel Brody , Schmidt Marco , Tang Zhiyao , van Bodegom Peter , Vassilev Kiril , Violle Cyrille , Alvarez-Davila Esteban , Davidar Priya , Dolezal Jiri , Hérault Bruno , Galán-de-Mera Antonio , Jiménez Jorge , Kambach Stephan , Kepfer-Rojas Sebastian , Kreft Holger , Lezama Felipe , Linares-Palomino Reynaldo , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel , N’Dja Justin K. , Phillips Oliver L. , Rivas-Torres Gonzalo , Sklenář Petr , Speziale Karina , Strohbach Ben J. , Vásquez Martínez Rodolfo , Wang Hua-Feng , Wesche Karsten , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional ‘scaling anomalies’ (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.
Context-dependent function of TSLP and IL-1β in skin allergic sensitization and atopic march
Authors: Segaud Justine , Yao Wenjin , Marschall Pierre , Daubeuf François , Lehalle Christine , German Beatriz , Meyer Pierre , Hener Pierre , Hugel Cécile , Flatter Eric , Guivarch Marine , Clauss Laetitia , Martin Stefan F. , Oulad-Abdelghani Mustapha , Li Mei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma, affect a large proportion of the population, with increasing prevalence worldwide. AD often precedes the development of asthma, known as the atopic march. Allergen sensitization developed through the barrier-defective skin of AD has been recognized to be a critical step leading to asthma, in which thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was previously shown to be critical. In this study, using a laser-assistant microporation system to disrupt targeted skin layers for generating micropores at a precise anatomic depth of mouse skin, we model allergen exposure superficially or deeply in the skin, leading to epicutaneous sensitization or dermacutaneous sensitization that is associated with a different cytokine microenvironment. Our work shows a differential requirement for TSLP in these two contexts, and identifies an important function for IL-1β, which is independent of TSLP, in promoting allergen sensitization and subsequent allergic asthma.
The Holocene temperature conundrum answered by mollusk records from East Asia
Authors: Dong Yajie , Wu Naiqin , Li Fengjiang , Zhang Dan , Zhang Yueting , Shen Caiming , Lu Houyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeasonal biases (the warm-season contribution) of Holocene mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions from geological records were proposed as a possible cause of the mismatch with climate simulated temperature. Here we analyze terrestrial mollusk assemblages that best reflect seasonal signals and provide quantitative MAT and four-season temperature records for northern China during the past 20,000 years. The MAT estimated from the seasonal temperatures of a four-season-mean based on mollusks shows a peak during ~9000–4000 years ago, followed by a cooling trend. In general, the contribution of summer and winter temperature to MAT is significantly greater than that of spring and autumn temperatures. The relative contribution of each season varies over time and corresponds roughly with the seasonal insolation in each season. This independent evidence from mollusk records from the mid-latitudes of East Asia does not support the Holocene long-term warming trend observed in climate simulations and the seasonal bias explanation.
Small, correlated changes in synaptic connectivity may facilitate rapid motor learning
Authors: Feulner Barbara , Perich Matthew G. , Chowdhury Raeed H. , Miller Lee E. , Gallego Juan A. , Clopath Claudia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnimals rapidly adapt their movements to external perturbations, a process paralleled by changes in neural activity in the motor cortex. Experimental studies suggest that these changes originate from altered inputs (Hinput) rather than from changes in local connectivity (Hlocal), as neural covariance is largely preserved during adaptation. Since measuring synaptic changes in vivo remains very challenging, we used a modular recurrent neural network to qualitatively test this interpretation. As expected, Hinput resulted in small activity changes and largely preserved covariance. Surprisingly given the presumed dependence of stable covariance on preserved circuit connectivity, Hlocal led to only slightly larger changes in activity and covariance, still within the range of experimental recordings. This similarity is due to Hlocal only requiring small, correlated connectivity changes for successful adaptation. Simulations of tasks that impose increasingly larger behavioural changes revealed a growing difference between Hinput and Hlocal, which could be exploited when designing future experiments.
Biodiversity, environmental drivers, and sustainability of the global deep-sea sponge microbiome
Authors: Busch Kathrin , Slaby Beate M. , Bach Wolfgang , Boetius Antje , Clefsen Ina , Colaço Ana , Creemers Marie , Cristobo Javier , Federwisch Luisa , Franke Andre , Gavriilidou Asimenia , Hethke Andrea , Kenchington Ellen , Mienis Furu , Mills Sadie , Riesgo Ana , Ríos Pilar , Roberts Emyr Martyn , Sipkema Detmer , Pita Lucía , Schupp Peter J. , Xavier Joana , Rapp Hans Tore , Hentschel Ute 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the deep ocean symbioses between microbes and invertebrates are emerging as key drivers of ecosystem health and services. We present a large-scale analysis of microbial diversity in deep-sea sponges (Porifera) from scales of sponge individuals to ocean basins, covering 52 locations, 1077 host individuals translating into 169 sponge species (including understudied glass sponges), and 469 reference samples, collected anew during 21 ship-based expeditions. We demonstrate the impacts of the sponge microbial abundance status, geographic distance, sponge phylogeny, and the physical-biogeochemical environment as drivers of microbiome composition, in descending order of relevance. Our study further discloses that fundamental concepts of sponge microbiology apply robustly to sponges from the deep-sea across distances of >10,000 km. Deep-sea sponge microbiomes are less complex, yet more heterogeneous, than their shallow-water counterparts. Our analysis underscores the uniqueness of each deep-sea sponge ground based on which we provide critical knowledge for conservation of these vulnerable ecosystems.
Early warning signal for a tipping point suggested by a millennial Atlantic Multidecadal Variability reconstruction
Authors: Michel Simon L. L. , Swingedouw Didier , Ortega Pablo , Gastineau Guillaume , Mignot Juliette , McCarthy Gerard , Khodri Myriam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtlantic multidecadal variability is a coherent mode of natural climate variability occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean, with strong impacts on human societies and ecosystems worldwide. However, its periodicity and drivers are widely debated due to the short temporal extent of instrumental observations and competing effects of both internal and external climate factors acting on North Atlantic surface temperature variability. Here, we use a paleoclimate database and an advanced statistical framework to generate, evaluate, and compare 312 reconstructions of the Atlantic multidecadal variability over the past millennium, based on different indices and regression methods. From this process, the best reconstruction is obtained with the random forest method, and its robustness is checked using climate model outputs and independent oceanic paleoclimate data. This reconstruction shows that memory in variations of Atlantic multidecadal variability have strongly increased recently—a potential early warning signal for the approach of a North Atlantic tipping point.
Super-resolution laser probing of integrated circuits using algorithmic methods
Authors: Ravikumar V. K. , Chin Jiann Min , Lua Winson , Linarto Nathan , Ranganathan Gopinath , Trisno Jonathan , Pey K. L. , Yang Joel K. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLaser probing remains invaluable to the semiconductor industry for isolating and diagnosing defects in silicon transistors in integrated circuits during electrical stress tests. However, continuous device miniaturization below the 20 nm technology node has crammed multiple transistors within the focal spot of the laser beam, resulting in signal crosstalk, poor beam positioning accuracy and degraded fault isolation capabilities. The challenge is analogous to focusing attention to a single speaker in a crowd despite the multiple simultaneous conversations in the background. Through algorithms introduced in this patented work, consisting of cross-correlations, clustering, and our previously developed combinational logic analysis, we achieved beam positioning accuracy to better than 10 nm, extracted electrooptic waveforms from a node of a group of transistors (~18 times beyond the optical resolution limit), and applied this to isolate and identify an actual fault on a defective device. While problems associated with probing with shorter wavelength lasers continue to be addressed, our approach enhances and enables the continued probing of ICs using sub-bandgap photon energies without hardware modification to existing technology at semiconductor technology nodes below 10 nm.
Ultrafine nanoporous intermetallic catalysts by high-temperature liquid metal dealloying for electrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Song Ruirui , Han Jiuhui , Okugawa Masayuki , Belosludov Rodion , Wada Takeshi , Jiang Jing , Wei Daixiu , Kudo Akira , Tian Yuan , Chen Mingwei , Kato Hidemi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntermetallic compounds formed from non-precious transition metals are promising cost-effective and robust catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. However, the development of monolithic nanoporous intermetallics, with ample active sites and sufficient electrocatalytic activity, remains a challenge. Here we report the fabrication of nanoporous Co7Mo6 and Fe7Mo6 intermetallic compounds via liquid metal dealloying. Along with the development of three-dimensional bicontinuous open porosity, high-temperature dealloying overcomes the kinetic energy barrier, enabling the direct formation of chemically ordered intermetallic phases. Unprecedented small characteristic lengths are observed for the nanoporous intermetallic compounds, resulting from an intermetallic effect whereby the chemical ordering during nanopore formation lowers surface diffusivity and significantly suppresses the thermal coarsening of dealloyed nanostructure. The resulting ultrafine nanoporous Co7Mo6 exhibits high catalytic activity and durability in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions. This study sheds light on the previously unexplored intermetallic effect in dealloying and facilitates the development of advanced intermetallic catalysts for energy applications.
Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave
Authors: Wu Kai , Liu Jing-Jing , Ding Yu-jiang , Wang Wei , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian-Chun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpeeding up the transmission of information carried by waves is of fundamental interest for wave physics, with pivotal significance for underwater communications. To overcome the current limitations in information transfer capacity, here we propose and experimentally validate a mechanism using multipath sound twisting to realize real-time high-capacity communication free of signal-processing or sensor-scanning. The undesired channel crosstalk, conventionally reduced via time-consuming postprocessing, is virtually suppressed by using a metamaterial layer as purely-passive demultiplexer with high spatial selectivity. Furthermore, the compactness of system ensures high information density crucial for acoustics-based applications. A distinct example of complicated image transmission is experimentally demonstrated, showing as many independent channels as the path number multiplied by vortex mode number and an extremely-low bit error rate nearly 1/10 of the forward error correction limit. Our strategy opens an avenue to metamaterial-based high-capacity communication paradigm compatible with the conventional multiplexing mechanisms, with far-reaching impact on acoustics and other domains.
Proximity-magnetized quantum spin Hall insulator: monolayer 1 T’ WTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Li Junxue , Rashetnia Mina , Lohmann Mark , Koo Jahyun , Xu Youming , Zhang Xiao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Jia Shuang , Chen Xi , Yan Binghai , Cui Yong-Tao , Shi Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures offer great versatility to tailor unique interactions at the atomically flat interfaces between dissimilar layered materials and induce novel physical phenomena. By bringing monolayer 1 T’ WTe2, a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator, and few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, an insulating ferromagnet, into close proximity in an heterostructure, we introduce a ferromagnetic order in the former via the interfacial exchange interaction. The ferromagnetism in WTe2 manifests in the anomalous Nernst effect, anomalous Hall effect as well as anisotropic magnetoresistance effect. Using local electrodes, we identify separate transport contributions from the metallic edge and insulating bulk. When driven by an AC current, the second harmonic voltage responses closely resemble the anomalous Nernst responses to AC temperature gradient generated by nonlocal heater, which appear as nonreciprocal signals with respect to the induced magnetization orientation. Our results from different electrodes reveal spin-polarized edge states in the magnetized quantum spin Hall insulator.