bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current practice of early leak detection methods for underground storage tanks
Authors: murad H. , Abu Husain M.K. , Zaki N.I. Mohd , Mukhlas N.A. , Ahmad S.Z.A. Syed , Soom E. Mat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article aims to provide general review on current practice of leak detection methods of underground storage tanks (UST). Fuel (i.e. gasoline and diesel oil) leakage from UST can contaminate groundwater and drinking water with various hydrocarbon contaminants. These leaks create ponds of fuel that spill into the land and aquifers, polluting and seriously destroying habitats. Numerous efforts have been focused on the development of leak detection to the tanks. However, without the opportunity to conduct fault intensity calibration and estimate a product’s lifetime, there is a lack of information provided to consider the condition of previous underlying leakage. As a result, it is too late whether the harm has already been done. There are methods of detection that have been studied for the past ten years. Many approaches have been practised to detect leakage. Specific sensing devices will combine with additional applications that analyse and interpret the data to detect storage tank leaks. Various methods will provide different results depending on the feature chosen. Some approaches will use machine learning to analyse the provided data and provide the best leak detection result. This paper will explore the best leak detection techniques to improve underground tanks’ structural integrity. At the end, this paper will give some overview on current practice early detection methods on underground storage tanks for future research.
Evaluation of hybrid ocean thermal energy conversion system plantwide performance
Authors: Azam Kamil Hafizudin Kamal , Abidin Mohd Zaki Zainal , Husain Mohd Khairi Abu , Jaafar A Bakar , Zaki Noor Irza Mohd , Aziz Farah Nora Aznieta Abd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a renewable energy source in which energy is produced by converting the heat stored in the sea or the ocean thermal energy into valuable work, based on the temperature difference between the warm surface seawater and the cold deep seawater. One of the OTEC system requirements is to have a seawater temperature difference at a minimum of 20 °C within a depth of 1000 m below sea level. Recognizing the importance of optimum sea water temperature, several studies have been conducted to optimize the OTEC system. However, none of these studies was attempted under a hybrid ocean thermal energy conversion (H-OTEC) setup. A H-OTEC system is a combination of closed-cycle and open-cycle OTEC system. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the H-OTEC process system based on the impact of seawater temperature variation by simulating H-OTEC process system. Aspen HYSYS was used as a chemical process simulation platform for conducting this study. After the model was completed, verification test was conducted before the simulated data was recorded. The data for the pump work input and the turbine work output were acquired to determine the net power output and system efficiency. The net power output, Carnot efficiency, and thermal efficiency were recorded approximately 1.39 kW, 5.7%, and 1.45%. The data for net power output and the efficiencies of the system was recorded for every 1 °C of increment in surface seawater temperature. The results showed that the net power output increased slightly by 0.5kW, with efficiency difference for both Carnot cycle and actual cycle, recorded to be less than 3% and 0.1% respectively.
Preparation and pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid and cell transmembrane peptides modified with liposomes for liver targeted-delivery
Authors: Li Li , Chen Anqi , Liu Bingmi , Pan Hao , Yu Yanjie , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article presents a hepatocellular carcinoma cell surface-specific ligand glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) with good cell membrane penetration to modify the anti-tumor drug pingyangmycin (PYM) liver delivery system, which achieve targeted delivery of drugs and improve anti-tumor efficiency. In this study, we synthesized the pingyangmycin liposome modified by glycyrrhetinic acid and cell penetrating peptide(GA-TAT-PYM-L) and evaluated the anti-tumor effect of GA-TAT-PYM-L in vitro. Using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenylte-trazolium bromidecell proliferation method, GA-TAT-PYM-L had a stronger inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells than the free drug PYM at the same concentration. Acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining assays showed that GA-TAT-PYM-L had stronger apoptosis promotion effects on HepG2 cells in comparison to PYM. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that, compared with PYM, GA-TAT-PYM-L enhanced mean residence time (MRT0–∞) and area under curve (AUC0–∞) by about 2.79-fold and 2.45-fold. The T
1/2 was prolonged to 140.23 ± 14.13 min. Tissue distribution results showed that the PYM concentrations in livers from the GA-TAT-PYM-L group were always higher than other tissues at each monitoring period after 5 min, indicating that GA-TAT-PYM-L can achieve liver targeting.
Making the US national forest inventory spatially contiguous and temporally consistent
Authors: Yu Yifan , Saatchi Sassan , Domke Grant M , Walters Brian , Woodall Christopher , Ganguly Sangram , Li Shuang , Kalia Subodh , Park Taejin , Nemani Ramakrishna , Hagen Stephen C , Melendy Lindsay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to annually report economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions and removals, including the forest sector. National forest inventory (NFI) is considered the main source of data for reporting forest carbon stocks and changes to UNFCCC. However, NFI samples are often collected asynchronously across regions in intervals of 5–10 years or sub-sampled annually, both introducing uncertainties in estimating annual carbon stock changes by missing a wide range of forest disturbance and recovery processes. Here, we integrate satellite observations with forest inventory data across the conterminous United States to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of NFI for estimating annual carbon stocks and changes. We used more than 120 000 permanent plots from the US forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data, surveyed periodically at sampling rate of 15%–20% per year across the US to develop non-parametric remote sensing-based models of aboveground biomass carbon density (AGC) at 1 ha spatial resolution for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2016, and 2017. The model provided a relatively unbiased estimation of AGC compared to ground inventory estimates at plot, county, and state scales. The uncertainty of the biomass maps and their contributions to estimates of forest carbon stock changes at county and state levels were quantified. Our results suggest that adding spatial and temporal dimensions to the forest inventory data, will significantly improve the accuracy and precision of carbon stocks and changes at jurisdictional scales.
Saturation characteristics of low voltage ionization chamber filled with argon or xenon
Authors: LI Chaozhi , HU Liqun , ZHANG Jizong , CHEN Kaiyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Argon and xenon are both attractive working gas for low voltage ionization chamber (LVIC), which is a promising candidate for ITER X-ray detectors. In this work, the performances of Ar-filling LVIC (Ar-LVIC) and Xe-filling LVIC (Xe-LVIC) as well as the impacts of operation parameters were investigated. Saturation curves of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC with pressure from 0.4 to 1.2 bar were measured with a tungsten X-ray source. The minimum voltage of saturation region (

V

min

) of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC, the relationship between

V

min

and saturation current, the ideal operating voltage in ITER and impacts of pressure on saturation current were studied. It was found that Ar-LVIC had smaller

V

min

and saturation currents which decreased with the drop of pressure from 1.2 to 0.4 bar; Xe-LVIC had larger

V

min

and saturation currents which did not obviously decrease with the same pressure drop. It is envisaged that ITER can take advantage of the larger saturation current and lower pressure of Xe-LVIC in the non-nuclear operation phase, and flexibility of pressure and low sensitivity to neutron/gamma radiation of Ar-LVIC in the nuclear operation phase.
Ferris-wheel-assisted parylene-C dielectric deposition for improving organic thin-film transistor uniformity
Authors: Guo Taoming , Geng Jian , Zhong Yilun , Li Chenyang , Liu Bowen , Qin Yaoshan , Tang Wei , Yang Huazhong , Liu Yuanyuan , Jiang Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Organic thin film transistor is one of the most promising electronic device technologies for flexible and printed electronics, but device uniformity remains a challenge for large-scale integration circuit design. Despite the advances in semiconductor layers, the quality of dielectric layers is equally important. Parylene-C dielectric has good intrasample thickness uniformity, but demonstrates significant variation among samples fabricated at the same time, thus causing device non-uniformity. In this study, we present a two-dimensional (2D) sample rotation method using a Ferris wheel to improve the thickness uniformity of parylene-C dielectrics. The Ferris wheel averages the deposition rate of parylene-C dielectric on different samples over an identical spherical space, rather than over different horizontal planes by the conventional one-dimensional sample rotation with a rack. The dielectrics fabricated on different cabins of the Ferris wheel demonstrate better thickness uniformity than those fabricated on different floors of the rack, and thus better uniformity of transistors. Specifically, using the 2D rotation Ferris wheel, the coefficient of variation of dielectric thickness is lowered to 0.01 from 0.12 (which uses the conventional rack); the coefficients of variation for the on-state drain current, process transconductance parameter, and threshold voltage of the fabricated transistors are improved to 0.15, 0.16 and 0.08, from 0.33, 0.20 and 0.14, respectively. The improved device uniformity has the potential in complicated flexible circuit design for advanced applications such as edge intelligence.
Examining Depression as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in People with HIV: A Systematic Review
Authors: Polanka Brittanny M , Gupta Samir K , So-Armah Kaku A , Freiberg Matthew S , Zapolski Tamika C B , Hirsh Adam T , Stewart Jesse C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not fully accounted for by traditional or HIV-specific risk factors. Successful management of HIV does not eliminate this excess risk. Thus, there is a need to identify novel risk factors for CVD among people with HIV (PWH).PurposeOur objective was to systematically review the literature on one such candidate CVD risk factor in PWH—depression.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL was performed to identify published English-language studies examining associations of depression with clinical CVD, subclinical CVD, and biological mechanisms (immune activation, systemic inflammation, altered coagulation) among PWH between the earliest date and June 22, 2021.ResultsThirty-five articles were included. For clinical CVD (k = 8), findings suggests that depression is consistently associated with an increased risk of incident CVD. For subclinical CVD (k = 5), one longitudinal analysis reported a positive association, and four cross-sectional analyses reported null associations. For immune activation (k = 13), systemic inflammation (k = 17), and altered coagulation (k = 5), findings were mixed, and there was considerable heterogeneity in sample characteristics and methodological quality across studies.ConclusionsDepression may be an independent risk factor for CVD among PWH. Additional research is needed to confirm depression’s association with clinical CVD and to determine whether depression is consistently and meaningfully associated with subclinical CVD and biological mechanisms of CVD in HIV. We propose a research agenda for this emerging area.
Experiences, Perceptions of Risk, and Lasting Impacts of COVID-19 for Employees in the Public Transport Sector
Authors: Gartland Nicola , Coleman Anna , Fishwick David , Johnson Sheena , Armitage Christopher J , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Age-standardized mortality rates for taxi drivers, chauffeurs, bus and coach drivers show that public transport workers were at high risk at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the public transport sector was required to continue services throughout the pandemic.

Objectives
This paper aims to develop a better understanding of the experiences of organizational leaders and workers within the UK public transport sector (bus, rail, and tram). Specifically, it aims to explore the perceived balance of risk and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, report on their perceptions of safety in public transport during the pandemic and in the future, and consider how these perceptions and changes impact on long-term worker health and wellbeing.

Methods
This study formed part of a larger stakeholder engagement with the public transport sector. Organizational leaders and workers were recruited (n = 18) and semi-structured interviews carried out between January and May 2021. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
Overarching and subthemes were identified. Themes relating to perceptions and impacts of risk of COVID-19 for employees included: acceptability of risk for workers, perceptions of risk mitigation effectiveness, changes to working practices and their impact on morale and wellbeing, issues with compliance to mitigations such as social distancing and face coverings in passenger and co-worker groups alongside a lack of power to challenge behaviour effectively, and the roles of leadership and messaging. Themes related to long-lasting impacts of COVID-19 on working practices and effects on health and wellbeing included: continuing mitigations, impact of increasing passenger numbers, impact of vaccination programme, and impact of changes to business structure.

Conclusions
Most public transport employees reported feeling safe, related to the extent to which their role was public-facing. However, data were collected during a time of very low passenger numbers. Current mitigation measures were thought effective in reducing the risk of viral transmission, although measures may have a detrimental effect on worker morale and wellbeing. Issues relating to non-compliance with guidance and ‘in-group’ behaviour were identified. Impacts on wider business sustainability and individual wellbeing of staff should be considered when developing responses to any future pandemics. Recommendations are made for prioritizing employee engagement with colleagues, and the importance of strong leadership and clear messaging in promoting adherence to behavioural mitigations.
Effect of storage after heating on odor of muscles of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)
Authors: Mukojima Kaori , Yoshii Minami , Tone Aki , Mabuchi Ryota , Furuta Ayumi , Tanimoto Shota 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Effects of storage after heating on the odor of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata muscle was investigated. Sensory evaluation demonstrated odor degradation during storage of ordinary muscle (OM) as well as dark muscle (DM). First, different volatile profiles between OM (dorsal and ventral) and DM; their profiles were also different between non-stored samples (raw samples and just-heated samples) and stored samples except for a part of stored OM. Although the dorsal and ventral OM s differed in lipid content, their volatile profiles were similar to each other. The aforementioned differences were due to increased levels of lipid oxidation compounds (e.g., aldehydes and alcohols) during storage after heating. However, none of the muscle parts showed significant changes in the intensity of each odor perceived by gas chromatography–olfactometry and trimethyl amine during storage. These findings suggested multiple volatile components may contribute to the odor deterioration of heated yellowtail muscle during cold storage.
Potential clinical value of in vitro spermatogenesis
Authors: Li Laihua , Yuan Yan , Sha Jiahao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfertility has become the third most common disease threatening human health, immediately after tumors and cardiovascular diseases. Male infertility is primarily caused by spermatogenesis disorders that may be classified as either genetic or non-genetic. For part of non-genetic disorders, in vitro spermatogenesis can be induced by adjusting the microenvironment of the testis culture. Establishing the in vitro spermatogenic induction system helps to clarify the critical molecular mechanisms in spermatogonia self-renewal, spermatocyte meiosis, and sperm formation during spermatogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of in vitro sperm cells induction. Therefore, we hope to provide ideas and solutions for the clinical treatment of male infertility.
Citizen Science as an Ecosystem of Engagement: Implications for Learning and Broadening Participation
Authors: Allf Bradley C , Cooper Caren B , Larson Lincoln R , Dunn Robert R , Futch Sara E , Sharova Maria , CAVALIER Darlene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The bulk of research on citizen science participants is project centric, based on an assumption that volunteers experience a single project. Contrary to this assumption, survey responses (n = 3894) and digital trace data (n = 3649) from volunteers, who collectively engaged in 1126 unique projects, revealed that multiproject participation was the norm. Only 23% of volunteers were singletons (who participated in only one project). The remaining multiproject participants were split evenly between discipline specialists (39%) and discipline spanners (38% joined projects with different disciplinary topics) and unevenly between mode specialists (52%) and mode spanners (25% participated in online and offline projects). Public engagement was narrow: The multiproject participants were eight times more likely to be White and five times more likely to hold advanced degrees than the general population. We propose a volunteer-centric framework that explores how the dynamic accumulation of experiences in a project ecosystem can support broad learning objectives and inclusive citizen science.
Bowlby, Attachment and the Potency of a ‘Received Idea’
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This year marks the sixtieth anniversary of a report from the World Health Organisation (WHO) that furnished a mostly coruscating account of John Bowlby’s work on child attachment and maternal deprivation. Despite the WHO critique and a range of other critical interrogations, Bowlby contributions still constitute a ‘received idea’ within the discourse of social work. If criticisms are made of Bowlby, and what has been dubbed the ‘Bowlby School’, the reference point tends to be cogent feminist critiques emerging in the final quarter of the twentieth century. This article aims to excavate critical appraisals from the 1950s and 1960s. It will also be argued that endeavours to ‘retrofit’ Bowlby for our contemporary times present problems.
A prediction model with lifestyle factors improves the predictive ability for renal replacement therapy: a cohort of 442 714 Asian adults
Authors: Tsai Min-Kuang , Gao Wayne , Chien Kuo-Liong , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wen Chi-Pang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
There are limited renal replacement therapy (RRT) prediction models with good performance in the general population. We developed a model that includes lifestyle factors to improve predictive ability for RRT in the population at large.

Methods
We used data collected between 1996 and 2017 from a medical screening in a cohort comprising 442 714 participants aged 20 years or over. After a median follow-up of 13 years, we identified 2212 individuals with end-stage renal disease (RRT, n: 2091; kidney transplantation, n: 121). We built three models for comparison: model 1: basic model, Kidney Failure Risk Equation with four variables (age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria); model 2: basic model + medical history + lifestyle risk factors; and model 3: model 2 + all significant clinical variables. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to construct a points-based model and applied the C statistic.

Results
Adding lifestyle factors to the basic model, the C statistic improved in model 2 from 0.91 to 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.94, 0.95). Model 3 showed even better C statistic value i.e., 0.95 (0.95, 0.96). With a cut-off score of 33, model 3 identified 3% of individuals with RRT risk in 10 years. This model detected over half of individuals progressing to RRT, which was higher than the sensitivity of cohort participants with stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease (0.53 versus 0.48).

Conclusions
Our prediction model including medical history and lifestyle factors improved the predictive ability for end-stage renal disease in the general population in addition to chronic kidney disease population.
Kidney replacement therapy patients with COVID-19 in the vaccine era: what do we need to know?
Authors: Vehbi Sezan , Yildiz Abdullah B , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Kidney disease is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT; dialysis and kidney transplant recipients) are vulnerable to severe complications of COVID-19. As the pandemic evolves and preventive strategies, availability of healthcare facilities, treatment approaches and vaccination strategies change, studies are needed on COVID-19 epidemiology and outcomes in KRT patients that contribute to vaccination regimens, treatment protocols and immunosuppressive therapies of KRT patients with COVID-19. In their registry-based study, Quiroga et al. analyzed COVID-19 KRT patients in Spain across six pandemic waves in order to evaluate dynamic treatment approaches and outcomes as well as the efficacy of vaccination.
Long-read and chromosome-scale assembly of the hexaploid wheat genome achieves high resolution for research and breeding
Authors: Aury Jean-Marc , Engelen Stefan , Istace Benjamin , Monat Cécile , Lasserre-Zuber Pauline , Belser Caroline , Cruaud Corinne , Rimbert Hélène , Leroy Philippe , Arribat Sandrine , Dufau Isabelle , Bellec Arnaud , Grimbichler David , Papon Nathan , Paux Etienne , Ranoux Marion , Alberti Adriana , Wincker Patrick , Choulet Frédéric 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The sequencing of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been a methodological challenge for many years owing to its large size (15.5 Gb), repeat content, and hexaploidy. Many initiatives aiming at obtaining a reference genome of cultivar Chinese Spring have been launched in the past years and it was achieved in 2018 as the result of a huge effort to combine short-read sequencing with many other resources. Reference-quality genome assemblies were then produced for other accessions, but the rapid evolution of sequencing technologies offers opportunities to reach high-quality standards at lower cost.

Results
Here, we report on an optimized procedure based on long reads produced on the Oxford Nanopore Technology PromethION device to assemble the genome of the French bread wheat cultivar Renan.

Conclusions
We provide the most contiguous chromosome-scale assembly of a bread wheat genome to date. Coupled with an annotation based on RNA-sequencing data, this resource will be valuable for the crop community and will facilitate the rapid selection of agronomically important traits. We also provide a framework to generate high-quality assemblies of complex genomes using ONT.