bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary school children: protocol for a cross-sectional, feasibility study in Luxembourg city (EARLIE)
Authors: Becker Marianne , Adamski Aurélie , Fandel Françoise , Vaillant Michel , Wagner Kerstin , Droste Dirk Wolfgang , Ziade Bechara , Hein Steve , Mendon Priyanka , Bocquet Valéry , de Beaufort Carine 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent (1:300) autosomal dominantly inherited condition which causes premature (women <60 years, men <55 years) cardio–cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Early detection and initiation of treatment can prevent the development of CVD and premature death. Our pilot study aims to investigate the prevalence of FH, the feasibility and efficacy of a screening based on a capillary blood test performed during a school medicine visit in primary school children.Methods and analysisIn this cross-sectional study, all children (n=3200) between 7 and 12 years, attending primary school in the city of Luxembourg and invited for their mandatory medical school examinations between 2021 and 2023 are invited to participate. A study nurse performs a capillary blood test to analyse the lipid profile. Families receive the result including an interpretation and invitation to seek medical advice if indicated. If FH is confirmed, a reverse cascade screening in that family will be proposed. The child will receive standard care. Primary outcome is the occurrence of confirmed FH in the study population. Secondary outcomes include the percentage of children screened, percentage of children with abnormal lipid values, percentage of families screened and percentage of families with additionally identified members suffering from hypercholesterolaemia. A health economic analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval (reference number 202108/01) has been obtained from the National Research Ethics Committee (CNER (Luxembourg)) and was authorised by the ministry of health in Luxembourg. Families receive written information with an informed consent form. Participation requires an informed consent form signed by the parents. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and by public media to the general public.Trial registration numberNCT05271305.
What is the relationship between deprivation, modifiable factors and childhood deaths: a cohort study using the English National Child MortalityDatabase
Authors: Odd David , Stoianova Sylvia , Williams Tom , Odd Dawn , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Wolfe Ingrid , Luyt Karen 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this analysis is to identify the patterns of social deprivation and childhood mortality; and identify potential points where public health, social and education interventions, or health policy may be best targeted.DesignDecile of deprivation and underlying population distribution was derived using Office for National Statistics data. The risk of death was then derived using a Poisson regression model, calculating the increasing risk of death for each increasing deprivation decile.SettingEngland.Participants2688 deaths before 18 years of age reviewed between April 2019 and March 2020.Main outcome measuresThe relationship between deprivation and risk of death; for deaths with, and without modifiable factors.ResultsThere was evidence of increasing mortality risk with increase in deprivation decile, with children in the least deprived areas having a mortality of 13.25 (11.78–14.86) per 100 000 person-years, compared with 31.14 (29.13–33.25) in the most deprived decile (RR 1.08 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.10)); with the gradient of risk stronger in children who died with modifiable factors than those without (RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.15)) vs (RR 1.07 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.08)). Deprivation subdomains of employment, adult education, barriers to housing and services, and indoor living environments appeared to be the most important predictors of child mortalityConclusionsThere is a clear gradient of increasing child mortality across England as measures of deprivation increase; with a striking finding that this varied little by area, age or other demographic factor. Over one-fifth of all child deaths may be avoided if the most deprived half of the population had the same mortality as the least deprived. Children dying in more deprived areas may have a greater proportion of avoidable deaths. Adult employment, and improvements to housing, may be the most efficient place to target resources to reduce these inequalities.
Reporting of and explanations for under-recruitment and over-recruitment in pragmatic trials: a secondary analysis of a database of primary trial reports published from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Nevins Pascale , Nicholls Stuart G , Ouyang Yongdong , Carroll Kelly , Hemming Karla , Weijer Charles , Taljaard Monica 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the extent to which pragmatic trials underachieved or overachieved their target sample sizes, examine explanations and identify characteristics associated with under-recruitment and over-recruitment.Study design and settingSecondary analysis of an existing database of primary trial reports published during 2014–2019, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, self-labelled as pragmatic and with target and achieved sample sizes available.ResultsOf 372 eligible trials, the prevalence of under-recruitment (achieving <90% of target sample size) was 71 (19.1%) and of over-recruitment (>110% of target) was 87 (23.4%). Under-recruiting trials commonly acknowledged that they did not achieve their targets (51, 71.8%), with the majority providing an explanation, but only 11 (12.6%) over-recruiting trials acknowledged recruitment excess. The prevalence of under-recruitment in individually randomised versus cluster randomised trials was 41 (17.0%) and 30 (22.9%), respectively; prevalence of over-recruitment was 39 (16.2%) vs 48 (36.7%), respectively. Overall, 101 025 participants were recruited to trials that did not achieve at least 90% of their target sample size. When considering trials with over-recruitment, the total number of participants recruited in excess of the target was a median (Q1–Q3) 319 (75–1478) per trial for an overall total of 555 309 more participants than targeted. In multinomial logistic regression, cluster randomisation and lower journal impact factor were significantly associated with both under-recruitment and over-recruitment, while using exclusively routinely collected data and educational/behavioural interventions were significantly associated with over-recruitment; we were unable to detect significant associations with obtaining consent, publication year, country of recruitment or public engagement.ConclusionsA clear explanation for under-recruitment or over-recruitment in pragmatic trials should be provided to encourage transparency in research, and to inform recruitment to future trials with comparable designs. The issues and ethical implications of over-recruitment should be more widely recognised by trialists, particularly when designing cluster randomised trials.
Access to medicine among asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants across the migratory cycle: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Aljadeeah Saleh , Kielmann Karina , Michielsen Joris , Payedimarri Anil Babu , Ravinetto Raffaella 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMigration creates new health vulnerabilities and exacerbates pre-existing medical conditions. Migrants often face legal, system-related, administrative, language and financial barriers to healthcare, but little is known about factors that specifically influence migrants’ access to medicines and vaccines. This scoping review aims to map existing evidence on access to essential medicines and vaccines among asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants who aim to reach Europe. We will consolidate existing information and analyse the barriers that limit access at the different stages of the migratory phases, as well as policies and practices undertaken to address them.MethodsWe follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework for knowledge synthesis of research, as updated by Levacet al. For reporting the results of our search and to synthetise evidence, we will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extended reporting guideline for scoping reviews. This scoping review consists of five iterative stages. Bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus) and grey literature databases (Open Grey, Grey Literature Report and Google Scholar, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, non-governmental organisations and United Nations agency websites) will be searched for relevant studies.Dissemination and ethicsThis review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed article in a scientific open-access journal and conference presentations. Furthermore, findings will be shared at workshops of research and operational stakeholders for facilitating translation into research and operational practices. Since it consists of reviewing and collecting data from publicly available materials, this scoping review does not require ethics approval.
Immune responses against shared antigens are common in esophago-gastric cancer and can be enhanced using CD40-activated B cells
Authors: Thelen Martin , Keller Diandra , Lehmann Jonas , Wennhold Kerstin , Weitz Hendrik , Bauer Eugen , Gathof Birgit , Brüggemann Monika , Kotrova Michaela , Quaas Alexander , Mallmann Christoph , Chon Seung-Hun , Hillmer Axel M , Bruns Christiane , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Garcia-Marquez Maria Alejandra , Schlößer Hans Anton 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundSpecific immune response is a hallmark of cancer immunotherapy and shared tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are important targets. Recent advances using combined cellular therapy against multiple TAAs renewed the interest in this class of antigens. Our study aims to determine the role of TAAs in esophago-gastric adenocarcinoma (EGA).MethodsRNA expression was assessed by NanoString in tumor samples of 41 treatment-naïve EGA patients. Endogenous T cell and antibody responses against the 10 most relevant TAAs were determined by FluoroSpot and protein-bound bead assays. Digital image analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of TAAs and T-cell abundance. T-cell receptor sequencing, in vitro expansion with autologous CD40-activated B cells (CD40Bs) and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were applied to determine specific expansion, clonality and cytotoxic activity of expanded T cells.Results68.3% of patients expressed ≥5 TAAs simultaneously with coregulated clusters, which were similar to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=505). Endogenous cellular or humoral responses against ≥1 TAA were detectable in 75.0% and 53.7% of patients, respectively. We found a correlation of T-cell abundance and the expression of TAAs and genes related to antigen presentation. TAA-specific T-cell responses were polyclonal, could be induced or enhanced using autologous CD40Bs and were cytotoxic in vitro. Despite the frequent expression of TAAs co-occurrence with immune responses was rare.ConclusionsWe identified the most relevant TAAs in EGA for monitoring of clinical trials and as therapeutic targets. Antigen-escape rather than missing immune response should be considered as mechanism underlying immunotherapy resistance of EGA.
A note on (ψ+,ψ−)-derivations of Banach–Jordan systems with nonzero socle
Authors: Marhnine Hassan , Zarhouti Chafika 
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this research paper consists in introducing the concept of [Formula: see text]-derivations acting on Banach–Jordan pairs and Banach–Jordan algebras and giving an automatic continuity result of the operators in question under some algebraic conditions. Concretely, we prove that [Formula: see text] -derivations defined from a Banach–Jordan pair [Formula: see text] into a strongly prime Banach–Jordan pair [Formula: see text] are automatically continuous under the assumptions that the socle [Formula: see text] is nonzero and [Formula: see text] is an isomorphism from [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text]. Similar results for Banach–Jordan algebras hold to be true.
HSP70 and TNF Loci Polymorphism Associated with the Posner-Schlossman Syndrome in a Southern Chinese Population
Authors: Bai Wei , Huang Xiaosheng , Shen Xiaoli , Ye Ye , Peng Shiming , Zhu Tianhui , Mei Shaoyi , Kuang Jiajie , Yu Sejie , Ma Xiaochen , Zhao Jun 
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have shown that HLA gene polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of the Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). This study was aimed at evaluating the associations between HLA-III gene polymorphisms and PSS in a southern Chinese Han population. A total of 150 PSS patients and 183 healthy controls were included in this study. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HLA-III genes (including HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-hom, TNF-α, TNF-β, C2, and CFB) were genotyped using the SNaPshot technique. Our study showed that the frequencies of G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β in the patient group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (Corrected

P

P

c

=
0.040

,

OR
=
1.45

;

P

c

=
0.033

,

OR
=
1.45

;

P

c

=
0.045

,

OR
=
1.58

, respectively). The frequency of T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 was significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (

P

c

=
0.018

and

OR
=
0.10

). The frequencies of the CCT haplotype of HSP70-1 gene (rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359) and the ACCCTTT haplotype of HSP70 gene (rs2227956-rs1043618-rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359-rs2763979-rs6457452) were significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (

P

c

=
0.024

,

OR
=
0.10

;

P

c

=
0.048

,

OR
=
0.10

, respectively). In conclusion, the G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β gene might be risk factors for PSS, while the T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 gene and specific haplotypes of the HSP70-1 and HSP70 genes might be protective factors for PSS.
Timing to intubation COVID-19 patients: can we put it off until tomorrow?
Authors: Sternlicht Juliana Martes , Alencar Júlio Cesar Garcia de , Mauá Denis Deratani , Souza Heraldo Possolo de 
Published: December 2022

Background: The decision to intubate COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support is challenging, requiring a fine balance between early intubation and risks of invasive mechanical ventilation versus the adverse effects of delaying intubation. Objective: Analyze the relationship between intubation day and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A unicentric retrospective cohort study considering all adult laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection consecutively admitted at a tertiary hospital between March 2020 and August 2020 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days after intubation, and a Cox model was used to evaluate the effect of time from onset of symptoms to intubation in mortality Results: A total of 592 (20%) adult consecutive patients out of 3020 admitted with COVID-19 were intubated during the study period. The median time from admission to intubation was one day (interquartile range, 0-3), and 310 patients (52%) who were intubated and mechanically ventilated deceased 28 days after intubation. Each additional day between the onset of symptoms and intubation was significantly associated with higher in-hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.005-1.03). Conclusion: Among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were intubated and mechanically ventilated, delaying intubation in the course of symptoms may be associated with higher mortality.
Patient Preferences for Pharmaceutical and Device-Based Treatments for Uncontrolled Hypertension: Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Kandzari David E. , Weber Michael A. , Poulos Christine , Coulter Joshua , Cohen Sidney A. , DeBruin Vanessa , Jones Denise , Pathak Atul 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Discrete choice experiment is a survey method used to understand how individuals make decisions and to quantify the relative importance of features. Using discrete choice experiment methods, we quantified patient benefit–risk preferences for hypertension treatments, including pharmaceutical and interventional treatments, like renal denervation.

Methods:
Respondents from the United States with physician-confirmed uncontrolled hypertension selected between treatments involving a procedure or pills, using a structured survey. Treatment features included interventional, noninterventional, or no hypertension treatment; number of daily blood pressure (BP) pills; expected reduction in office systolic BP; duration of effect; and risks of drug side effects, access site pain, or vascular injury. The results of a random–parameters logit model were used to estimate the importance of each treatment attribute.

Results:
Among 400 patients completing the survey between 2020 and 2021, demographics included: 52% women, mean age 59.2±13.0 years, systolic BP 155.1±12.3 mm Hg, and 1.8±0.9 prescribed antihypertensive medications. Reduction in office systolic BP was the most important treatment attribute. The remaining attributes, in decreasing order, were duration of effect, whether treatment was interventional, number of daily pills, risk of vascular injury, and risk of drug side effects. Risk of access site pain did not influence choice. In general, respondents preferred noninterventional over interventional treatments, yet only a 2.3 mm Hg reduction in office systolic BP was required to offset this preference. Small reductions in office systolic BP would offset risks of vascular injury or drug side effects. At least a 20% risk of vascular injury or drug side effects would be tolerated in exchange for improved BP.

Conclusions:
Reduction in systolic BP was identified as the most important driver of patient treatment preference, while treatment-related risks had less influence. The results indicate that respondents would accept interventional treatments in exchange for modest reductions in systolic BP compared with those observed in renal denervation trials.
Utilizing Clinical Trial Data to Assess Timing of Surgical Treatment for Emphysema Patients
Authors: Alimohammadi Maryam , Chaovalitwongse W. Art , Vesselle Hubert J. , Zhang Shengfan 
Published: December 2022

Background Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and medical therapy are 2 available treatment options in dealing with severe emphysema, which is a chronic lung disease. However, or there are currently limited guidelines on the timing of LVRS for patients with different characteristics. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the timing of receiving LVRS in terms of patient outcomes, taking into consideration a patient’s characteristics. Methods A finite-horizon Markov decision process model for patients with severe emphysema was developed to determine the short-term (5 y) and long-term timing of emphysema treatment. Maximizing the expected life expectancy, expected quality-adjusted life-years, and total expected cost of each treatment option were applied as the objective functions of the model. To estimate parameters in the model, the data provided by the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were used. Results The results indicate that the treatment timing strategy for patients with upper-lobe predominant emphysema is to receive LVRS regardless of their specific characteristics. However, for patients with non–upper-lobe–predominant emphysema, the optimal strategy depends on the age, maximum workload level, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second level. Conclusion This study demonstrates the utilization of clinical trial data to gain insights into the timing of surgical treatment for patients with emphysema, considering patient age, observable health condition, and location of emphysema. Highlights Both short-term and long-term Markov decision process models were developed to assess the timing of receiving lung volume reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema. How clinical trial data can be used to estimate the parameters and obtain short-term results from the Markov decision process model is demonstrated. The results provide insights into the timing of receiving lung volume reduction surgery as a function of a patient’s characteristics, including age, emphysema location, maximum workload, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second level.
Risk factors for fracture in patients with fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Xu Ming , Yu Xiuchun 
Published: December 2022

Objective The primary aim of this retrospective observational clinical study was to explore the risk factors for fracture in patients with fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the proximal femur. Methods We investigated body mass index, bilateral radiographs on both sides, femoral neck shaft angle measurements, and markers of bone metabolism in patients with FD of the proximal femur according to whether or not they had sustained a hip fracture. Nine clinical parameters (age, sex, clinical classification, anatomic classification, femoral neck shaft angle, and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin levels) were selected for univariate analysis. Factors that were significant in univariate analysis were then subjected to multivariate logistic analysis. Results Clinical classification, anatomic classification, femoral neck shaft angle, and the osteocalcin level were identified to be statistically significant risk factors for fracture in univariate analysis. Anatomic classification, femoral neck shaft angle, and the osteocalcin level remained significant risk factors in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Anatomic classification, femoral neck shaft angle, and the osteocalcin level are important risk factors for fracture in patients with FD of the proximal femur and could be used to guide implementation of a fracture prevention strategy in these patients.
Clinical value of offering multiple chemotherapy lines to a luminal-like metastatic breast cancer: A case report with eribulin
Authors: Valsecchi Anna Amela , Paparo Jessica , Pirro Valeria , Manfredi Matteo , Di Maio Massimo , Dionisio Rossana 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The achievement of complete response with chemotherapy after multiple treatment lines in metastatic breast cancer and the chemosensitivity in a luminal-like breast cancer are two important issues as it is often asked whether there is a potential limit to the number of therapeutic lines offered and what clinical value they may have. In this setting, eribulin mesylate is a chemotherapy option available. Several randomized and observational studies demonstrated eribulin’s meaningful improvement on prolongation of survival, chronicling the disease and preventing the onset of new metastases, although the rate of complete responses is rather limited. Case description: We report the five-year history of a luminal A breast cancer, stage IV at diagnosis, metastasized to bone and brain. After undergoing four chemotherapy lines and several radiotherapy sessions with partial response as the best response on bone and with a complete response on brain, our patient finally achieved a metabolic complete response also on bone after about a year of fifth-line treatment with eribulin. Currently the patient is in close clinical and radiological follow-up. Conclusions: This case report aims to emphasize the clinical value of a chronic chemotherapy treatment also in heavily pretreated and luminal-like metastatic breast cancer, supporting eribulin as a good choice to consider.