bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0215 Impact of sleep inertia on visual search performance during combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment
Authors: Adkins Matthew , Schreiber Austin , Sprecher Kate , Burke Tina , Ritchie Hannah , Wright Kenneth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Circadian phase and homeostatic sleep drive affect selective visual attention during sleep inertia (SI), a period of cognitive performance decrement upon awakening that dissipates with time. This study examined the combined effects of circadian misalignment and sleep restriction on visual search performance during SI.

Methods
Twenty adults (mean±standard deviation [SD] age 25.7±4.2 years; 12M, 8F) completed a 39-day protocol. Prior to a 4-day in-laboratory visit, participants maintained habitual 8h sleep schedules for 2 weeks at home. In-laboratory sleep opportunities (1 per day) were timed to induce varying levels of both circadian misalignment and sleep restriction: 8h on night 1, 3h on night 2, and 3h on mornings 3 and 4. After 3 days of recovery sleep at home (unscheduled), participants repeated the entire protocol. SI was assessed with the Serial Visual Search Task, a measure of selective visual attention, ~ 1, 16, and 31 min after electroencephalogram (EEG) verified awakening following each 3h sleep opportunity. The task required participants to determine whether a target was present or absent among nontarget distractors. Outcomes included median reaction times (RT) and number of missed targets. Sleep opportunities with ≥4.5 min of EEG-verified wakefulness in the 30 min prior to scheduled awakening were excluded from analysis. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVA.

Results
Mean±SD average amount of wakefulness in the 30 min and 10 min prior to SI testing was 1.2±0.11 and 0.43±0.06 minutes, respectively. Following all sleep opportunities, median RT for overall correct responses and for correct response to target absent trials improved with time since awakening (all p&lt;0.05). In contrast, median RT for correct responses to target present trials improved and number of missed targets worsened with time since awakening following the morning 3 sleep opportunity only (all p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Reaction speed was impaired during SI regardless of circadian timing or level of homeostatic sleep drive, whereas missing targets appears to be dependent upon circadian phase and the level of homeostatic sleep debt. These findings have important implications for military and first responders.

Support (If Any)
Office of Naval Research MURI N00014-15-1-2809; NIH TR001082; Undergraduate Research Opportunities Grant, University of Colorado Boulder.
0222 A shift in the circadian timing of calories and an increase in sleep variability are associated with changes in cardiometabolic health in a real-world setting
Authors: McHill Andrew , Velasco Josie , Gillingham Melanie , Shea Steven , Olson Ryan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity and cardiovascular disease are commonplace in industrialized societies, particularly in nightshift workers. To investigate whether a shift in the circadian timing of energy intake or an increase in sleep variability may be mechanisms for adverse cardiometabolic health, we leveraged a natural experiment that occurs in newly-hired bus operators as they transition from a regularly-timed training schedule into an erratically-timed (i.e., early-morning or late evening) work schedule.

Methods
Twenty-one newly-hired bus operators (8 females, 37.1y±6.4y [mean±SD]) were studied in an ~90-day protocol. During dayshift training (i.e., baseline), participants underwent a battery of in-laboratory cardiometabolic health assessments (i.e., blood pressure [BP], blood draw, body fat percentage), and a salivary dim-light melatonin assessment (DLMO). Participants then completed daily sleep-wake diaries and recorded all food and beverages consumed using a photographic time-stamped phone application (MealLoggerTM) for one week. These measurements were repeated ~30 and ~90 days after starting their new work schedules operating a bus. Caloric intake was determined via registered dieticians and DLMO was defined using a 3pg/ml threshold. As indices of caloric timing we used the time when participants consumed 50% of daily calories (caloric midpoint), and the percent of daily calories consumed within 4h of DLMO. Sleep variability was measured as the standard deviation of sleep onset timing. Associations were calculated using Pearson’s correlations.

Results
After 90-days of working, caloric midpoint occurred 2h later than baseline (16:22±02:41 vs. 14:24±02:07; p&lt;0.01). This shift in timing was correlated with increases in systolic BP (r2=0.28; p=0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r2=0.28; p=0.03). An increase in sleep variability at 90-days was also positively correlated with systolic BP (r2=0.31; p=0.02). The change in percent of calories consumed within 4h of DLMO was positively correlated with change in percentage body fat (r2=0.27; p=0.03). Last, there was no significant correlation between the change in daily calories consumed and body fat percentage (p=0.24).

Conclusion
Changes in the timing of caloric intake relative to DLMO, along with increases in sleep variability, may be mechanisms for increased cardiometabolic risk. These behaviors are potential targets for intervention to improve cardiometabolic health.

Support (If Any)
R01HL105495, K01HL146992
0224 The implication of the understudied druggable orphan GPCRs in sleep and cardiometabolic traits
Authors: Tchio Cynthia , Saxena Richa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane receptors. They are involved in various sleep and cardiometabolic disorders; however, 150 out of 900 GPCRs remain orphans (oGPCRs) with unknown endogenous ligands; thereby, limiting our understanding of their biological function. GPCRs are targeted by 36 % of FDA-approved drugs; thus, the understudied oGPCRs are druggable and have a high potential to impact human health once disease associations are made.

Methods
This study aimed to use a genomic approach from a large dataset to deorphanize oGPCRs whose genetic variations significantly impact sleep and cardiometabolic disorders. First, we used the UK Biobank study summary statistics to identify oGPCRs loci where multiple sleep and cardiometabolic traits colocalized at a false discovery rate &lt; 5%. Next, in the metabolic disease knowledge portal, we performed PheWAS analysis of the variants to identify new phenotypic traits in other datasets of European ancestry. We then used GTex to identify quantitative trait loci to highlight variants that affect gene expression.

Results
Our study identified variants in oGPCRs GPR61, GPR146, and GPRC5B that have a pleiotropic effect in sleep and cardiometabolic traits in the UK Biobank cohort. The variant rs12044778 is an intronic variant in GPR61 associated with ease of waking up and morningness chronotype. GPR146's intronic variant rs1997243 showed an association with cholesterol level (HDL and LDL) and blood pressure; additionally, rs1997243 significantly increased the expression of GPR146 in adipose tissues. Finally, the intronic variant rs11639988 is associated with a decrease in BMI, and that it significantly decreased GPRC5B gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and adipose tissues.

Conclusion
Overall, our study provides new insight into the functions of oGPCRs genetic variants in sleep and cardiometabolic processes.

Support (If Any)
5T32HL007609-35
0231 Daily relationships between sleep and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Roles of perseverative cognition and physical activity
Authors: Baron Kelly , Shoaf Kimberley , Nicholls Connor , Tobin Selene , Halliday Tanya , Prather Aric , Qeadan Fares 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted and changed sleep as well as elevated stress levels worldwide. Previous research has demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between stress and sleep, in that stress contributes to poorer sleep and poor sleep leads to higher stress. It is hypothesized that perseverative cognition (i.e., worry, racing thoughts) is a key cognitive mechanism in this relationship. The goal of our study was to examine the relationships between stress and sleep during a major global stressor, testing key cognitive and behavioral factors that may influence this relationship.

Methods
Adults aged 18 and above were recruited to complete a text-message survey twice per day for 3 weeks over a 4-month period. Sleep duration and efficiency during the previous night and evening/overnight perseverative cognition was measured in the morning survey, daily stress levels were measured in the evening survey. Physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results were analyzed using mixed effects models controlling for age, gender and race/ethnicity.

Results
Participants included 191 adults (91 F, mean age= 43, SD= 16 years). Results demonstrate that stress ratings were associated with higher sleep duration (p= 0.04) but perseverative cognition was associated with lower sleep duration and efficiency (p values &lt;0.001). Participants who were more physically active had higher sleep duration (p=0.02) and efficiency (p&lt; 0.001). Sleep did not predict next-day stress.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that perseverative cognition is a key factor in the daily relationships between stress during the day and sleep at night. Higher physical activity was related to better sleep. These results indicate that interventions to reduce perseverative cognition may improve sleep during times of stress, including reducing the sleep-disrupting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Support (If Any)
University of Utah i3 COVID-19 pilot grant, UL1TR002538
0239 A Latent Profile Analysis of actigraphic sleep and physical activity measures among Cambodian-Americans: Relationship with specific trauma symptoms
Authors: Master Lindsay , Wagner Julie , Feinn Richard , Scully Mary , Kuoch Theanvy , Kong Sengly , Berthold S , Buckley Thomas , Buxton Orfeu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep and physical activity are related to psychological trauma. Less is known about how individuals with distinct sleep and activity profiles differ on specific clusters of trauma symptoms. Cambodian-Americans who survived the Pol Pot genocide experienced severe collective trauma. This analysis explored group differences between sleep/activity profiles on specific trauma symptoms among Cambodian-Americans.

Methods
Participants in a diabetes prevention trial for Cambodian-Americans (NCT02502929) met inclusion criteria for depression and high diabetes risk (but did not have diabetes). They wore wrist actigraphy (sleep) and hip actigraphy (physical activity) for 7 days (≥3 days to be included) and completed the 16-item trauma symptom scale of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ; N=166). Latent Profile Analyses identified profiles using 3 mean actigraphic sleep and activity variables: total nightly sleep time, sleep maintenance efficiency, and minutes in moderate-vigorous physical activity. ANOVAs explored differences between sleep/activity profiles on the HTQ, specifically total scores and the “Avoidance/Numbing” and “Re-experiencing/Hyperarousal” subscales. Models were adjusted for psychotropic medication use.

Results
Participants were predominantly women (79%), mean age 55.3, with elevated trauma symptoms (17% were higher than 2.5 cutpoint; mean±SD= 1.90±0.61). Sleep and physical activity patterns yielded a BIC best fit with 3 sleep/activity profiles: Inactive Poor Sleepers (n=30, 18%), Highly Active Short Sleepers (n=35, 21%), and Moderately Active Good Sleepers (n=101, 61%). Differences were observed between profiles on the HTQ total score (p=0.03). Tukey’s post hoc test revealed that Inactive Poor Sleepers exhibited greater HTQ scores than Highly Active Short Sleepers (p&lt;0.05), but did not differ from Moderately Active Good Sleepers. There was also a significant difference between profiles in the Avoidance/Numbing subscale (p=0.01); Inactive Poor Sleepers had higher Avoidance/Numbing than Highly Active Short Sleepers (p&lt;0.05, Cohen’s d: 0.47). There were no differences between profiles on the Re-experiencing/Hyperarousal subscale (p=.09).

Conclusion
Individuals with contrasting actigraphic sleep/activity profiles differed on trauma symptoms. Inactive Poor Sleepers may benefit from specific interventions for Avoidance/Numbing symptoms. Future analyses will evaluate how changes in sleep/activity profiles are longitudinally related to psychological health and diabetes risk following interventions.

Support (If Any)
5R01DK103663
0244 Associations among pre-sleep arousal, facets of emotion dysregulation, and sleep quality and efficiency during pregnancy
Authors: Kaliush Parisa , Baron Kelly Glazer , Williams Paula , Conradt Elisabeth , Crowell Sheila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pre-sleep arousal contributes to over 50% of pregnant people experiencing poor sleep quality and clinical insomnia. Given that poor sleep during pregnancy is associated with depression and suicide ideation, there is a critical need to identify intervention targets, such as difficulties with emotion regulation. However, emotion dysregulation is multifaceted and warrants further investigation in sleep research, particularly during pregnancy. Thus, the present study examined associations among pre-sleep arousal, various dimensions of emotion dysregulation, and sleep outcomes during pregnancy.

Methods
Participants (N = 62; Mage = 29.89, SD = 4.19 years) were recruited during pregnancy and enrolled to represent a range of scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. For 7 days during the 3rd trimester, they wore CamNtech MotionWatch-8 wrist actigraphs and completed the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale and Consensus Sleep Diary.

Results
Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that high pre-sleep arousal predicted low sleep efficiency (measured via actigraphy) above and beyond facets of emotion dysregulation (B = -.316, p = .026). High pre-sleep arousal also predicted poor sleep quality (measured via diary) above and beyond total emotion dysregulation (B = -.038, p = .010). However, an interaction emerged between pre-sleep arousal and one particular facet of emotion dysregulation: access to emotion regulation strategies (B = -.005, p = .023). Specifically, high pre-sleep arousal was associated with poor sleep quality only among those who reported limited abilities to use emotion regulation strategies. Among participants who reported that they could access effective emotion regulation strategies, pre-sleep arousal did not predict sleep quality.

Conclusion
This study indicates that high pre-sleep arousal may not always be associated with poor sleep quality during pregnancy. Equipping pregnant people with emotion regulation strategies may buffer this association and promote long-term health. It is recommended that perinatal sleep scientists continue investigating relations between facets of emotion dysregulation and sleep.

Support (If Any)
This project was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under Awards R01MH119070 (MPIs Crowell & Conradt) and F31MH124275 (PI Kaliush). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH.
0245 When do Emotions Impact Sleep? A State of the Evidence
Authors: Krizan Zlatan , Hisler Garrett , Boehm Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
While theories often highlight the bi-directional nature of sleep and emotional processes, the impact of emotions on sleep has been comparatively neglected. To appraise the state of evidence for the causal influence of emotions on sleep, a meta-analysis of the existing literature was conducted, alongside a diary study to estimate naturalistic effects.

Methods
First, a pre-registered meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines evaluated the strength, form, and context of experimental effects of emotion inductions on sleep parameters (k=27). Quality of primary experiments was evaluated by independent raters, and theoretically-relevant features were extracted and examined as moderating factors of observed effects (i.e., sleep parameter, design, sleep context, types of emotion inductions and emotions). Random-effect models were used to aggregate effects for each parameter. Second, a complementary pre-registered diary study of young adults (N=89) tracked the links of their global emotions (reported separately in the evening and morning) with actiwatch-assessed sleep across two weeks (Nobs=1,188).

Results
First, across the meta-analyzed experiments, there was a significant impact of emotion inductions on delayed sleep onset latency (D=2.80 min, 95%CI 1.01, 4.52, g = .47), but no significant effects on other sleep parameters. While there was little evidence of publication bias, the studies overall were often of weak methodological quality and the typical study could only detect moderate-to-large impacts. There was also large heterogeneity pointing to substantive differences in effects. Second, multi-level regressions of sleep parameters on emotions reported in the evening from the diary study provided some evidence for delayed sleep on evenings with higher negative affect (b = .05, p &lt; .10), with again no changes in other sleep parameters. Also, higher positive emotions predicted earlier and shorter sleep. The estimates were robust to accounting for emotions at the previous point.

Conclusion
These pre-registered investigations support the hypothesis that negative emotions delay sleep onset, but evidence regarding other sleep parameters was not conclusive. A diary study of real-life functioning partially replicated delayed sleep onset following more negative emotions, but the effect was modest. The results call for more targeted investigation that disambiguate distinct features of emotions and sleep.

Support (If Any)
0255 Sleep Hygiene Index: Associations with Sleep and Mental Health in College Students
Authors: Gibson Matelyn , Anderson Noah , Horton Alexis , Mullins Kayla , Reynolds Alexandria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Typically, college students practice unhealthy sleep hygiene behaviors, obtain too little sleep, and experience poor sleep quality. Sleep hygiene includes the routines or practices that prepare a person for the best possible night of sleep. Good sleep hygiene habits, like creating a sleep-friendly environment and making time for sleep, promote healthy duration and quality of sleep. Stress is also an important factor to consider during the college experience. Sleep and mental health are tightly connected, and stress can negatively impact the sleep and mental health of individuals. The focus of the current study was to examine habitual sleep habits in college students, in association with sleep quality and psychological health.

Methods
Participants included 51 undergraduate students (18 men, average age M=20.25 years, SD=1.78) who wore wrist actigraphs to measure their typical sleep habits for one week. After one week, participants completed questionnaires about sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and sleep hygiene practices (Sleep Hygiene Index, SHI). Higher scores on PSQI represent poorer quality; higher scores on SHI represent unhealthy sleep hygiene behaviors. Mental health symptoms were measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Results
Overall sleep duration was 6.59 hours and sleep efficiency was 82.55% as measured by actigraphy. PSQI scores (M=6.86) demonstrated poor sleep quality and SHI scores (M= 24.80) indicated overall poor sleep hygiene practices. SHI scores predicted higher PSQI scores (F(1, 50) = 18.05, p&lt;.001), but did not predict sleep duration or efficiency. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores on the DASS predicted poorer sleep hygiene (F(1, 50) = 18.05, p&lt;.001; F(1, 50) = 5.82, p=.020; F(1, 50) = 13.42, p&lt;.001; respectively).

Conclusion
As expected, college students’ sleep was short in duration, poor in efficiency, and poor in quality. Additionally, poor sleep hygiene practices predicted poorer sleep quality. Interestingly, scores that indicated worse depression, anxiety, and stress predicted poorer sleep hygiene practices, suggesting that mental health may contribute to healthy sleep practices. More research is needed to understand the complex relationship between mental health, sleep, and healthy sleep practices

Support (If Any)
None.
0258 Systemic Determinants and Consequences of Sleep Disturbance in Family Members of the Critically Ill
Authors: Pignatiello Grant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at increased risk of experiencing sleep disturbances, which in turn can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about how sociocultural determinants influence their predisposition to sleep disturbances, and how such sleep disturbances contribute to symptoms of anxiety and depression across the trajectory of the patient’s ICU stay. Therefore, we sought to: 1) identify individual and interpersonal sociocultural predictors of sleep disturbance symptoms, and 2) describe the influence of select sociocultural determinants and sleep disturbances on subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Methods
Using a repeated-measures, correlational design, we recruited family members of incapacitated, mechanically ventilated patients within four adult intensive care units at a tertiary medical center in northeast Ohio. We collected baseline data (T1) after obtaining informed consent and seven (T2) days post-baseline. We measured individual and interpersonal sociocultural determinants, as well as symptoms of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression with self-report instruments. To test our aims, we used step-wise linear regression.

Results
For aim 1 (N = 30), participants who were female, non-white, married, and had prior healthcare decision-making experience reported more severe sleep disturbance symptoms (R2 = .69, F(11,18) = 3.59, p = .008). For aim 2 (n = 20), the aforementioned determinants and T1 sleep disturbance scores significantly predicted T2 anxiety (R2 = .62, F(5,14) = 4.61, p = .01) and depression (R2 = .65, F(5,14) = 5.24, p = .006) severity. None of the predictors were statistically significant for the full anxiety model; notably, the effects of gender and prior healthcare decision-making experience were statistically significant until T1 sleep disturbance was inserted in the model. T1 sleep disturbance scores were the only statistically significant predictor in the full depression model.

Conclusion
We provide preliminary evidence that sleep disturbances among family members of ICU patient may contribute to the severity of depressive symptoms in family members of ICU patients. We encourage future researchers to replicate and expand upon these findings to understand the development of sleep disparities in this vulnerable population.

Support (If Any)
Sayre Memorial Fund; Midwest Nursing Research Society; NCATS (1KL2TR002547)