bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Evidence-based Dentistry among Dental Professionals in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aboalshamat Khalid , Alharbi Raghad , Alharbi Ahad , Alfozan Aram , Alahdal Sally , Aldehri Sarah , Nassar Afnan Anas 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused extraordinary changes in dental practices, including evidence-based dentistry (EBD). Despite dental practitioners' positive attitudes toward EBD, implementation has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of EBD among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia and explore the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on perceptions of EBD.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed electronically to dentists and dental students in Saudi Arabia. Multiple linear regression and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:
The mean knowledge score was 48.33 ± 13.63 out of 70 points, with 37.31% to 60.45% awareness of EBD components. Only 37% were aware of the Cochrane Collaboration. Specialist/consultants and participants from the central region had significantly better knowledge scores. Lack of time (75.60%) was the most significant barrier to EBD. Only 36.60% of participants used EBD for treatment procedures. Most (72.4%–80.6%) believed the pandemic increased EBD's importance, 67.70% believed that EBD should be mandatory, and 62.90% believed all decisions in dental clinics will follow EBD in the future. However, 53.50% reported that EBD material was difficult to follow during COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The level of knowledge about EBD among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia is relatively acceptable. It is difficult to put EBD to practice due to the overwhelming flow of information. More educational and organizational efforts should be implemented to advocate for EBD.
Effect of Dietary Amino Acids L-Arginine and Lysine on Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Ramanathan Visalakshi , Venugopalan Suresh , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Ramadoss Ramya , Kumar Satish M , Kannan R Kamala , Jayakumar Arun , Duraisamy Revathy 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Low protein diets have been linked to decreased bone strength in humans. Arginine and lysine can help improve the healing process and stimulate growth factors.

Aim:
To evaluate if dietary arginine and lysine combination aids in reducing the time frame for osseo-integration process and bone formation in animal models.

Materials and Methods:
Controls (Group I) and Experimental (Group II) consisted of twelve New Zealand rabbits. Animals in the experimental group were fed a conventional pellet food, water, and the amino acids L-Lysine and L-Arginine (Biovea, USA), whereas those in the control group were offered a standard diet. In both groups of animals, titanium implants measuring 2.5mm* 6mm were implanted in each tibial osteotomy. At the end of two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks, the animals were euthanized. The tibial bone was removed and preserved in 1% formalin. The samples were analysed histologically for presence or absence of Necrosis, presence or absence of clot formation, Vascularization, Fibroblast, Osteoblasts and Osteoid Bone growth.

Results:
Histological outcomes on vascularization, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoid bone growth inferred no significant variation between the control and experimental groups after 8 weeks (P>.05).

Conclusion:
Vascularity, clot organisation, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoid bone production in the protein fed experimental group animals were better in initial stages of healing when compared to control groups.
Comparison of Chlorhexidine and Hydrogen Peroxide as Preprocedural Mouthrinse during Ultrasonic Scaling
Authors: Nisha Swet , Karmakar Shaswata , Das Srijita , Jana Debapratim , Ali Nada Musharraf , Shashikumar Pratibha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Every year, around 2 million people suffer from hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Aerosols are produced while performing ultrasonic scaling. They are potential source of infection and cross contamination. It can result in spread of several infections including hepatitis, HIV, SARS CoV 2, etc. Preprocedural rinse before scaling is considered an effective measure to reduce the microbial load in aerosols.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial performed on 90 participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Random allocation of participants into three groups, i.e., Group-1, Group-2, and Group-3, was done, wherein 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and distilled water (DW) were used, respectively, as preprocedural mouthrinse. The participants of each group were instructed to perform mouthrinse for 60 s before the start of ultrasonic scaling sessions. Blood agar plates were kept at three locations, i.e., operator's chest area, patient's chest area, and assistant's chest area for aerosol collection after scaling. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted for microbiological analysis.

Results:
Least number of CFUs was found in the CHX group, followed by HP and DW groups. Location wise, the patient's chest area had the highest CFU count and the least was at the assistant's chest area. CFU count between the groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Preprocedural rinse using HP can effectively be used as a method to reduce dental aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling.
Evaluation of Efficiency of Dyes in Detection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Ravindranath Kolla V. , Karpe Tanveer , Gabhale Sanjay D. , Dutta Smita D. , Tiwari Rahul V.C. , Javed Muhammad Q. , Tiwari Heena D. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The early detection of the cancer will dramatically improve the prognosis. There are many diagnostic aids that can be employed for screening. Hence, in our study, we aim to evaluate the efficiency of dyes in detection of cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a prospective clinical study among 30 subjects to detect the efficiency of two dyes—Lugol's iodine and toluidine blue. They were grouped equally for potentially malignant and malignant lesions. The areas were analyzed for the diagnostic accuracy of the dyes using the histopathological examination and compared using chi square test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed that both the dyes showed a diagnostic accuracy of over 90% when used alone or in combination. Both the dyes had greater sensitivity while specificity was 20%.

Conclusion:
The combination of these two dyes can be used as an efficient screening aid for the identification of the cancer cells.
The Design, Development, and Calibration of Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs Probe for Measurement of Cervical Abrasion
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Although a common dental problem, there are no simple instruments or reliable methods to measure cervical abrasion.

Aim:
To study the design, development, calibration, efficacy, and compliance of usage of a novel Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Need (CAITN) probe to measure cervical abrasion.

Settings and Design:
The ex-vivo study was conducted as a part of comprehensive study for the development of standardized CAITN probe and index with a standard methodology for recording the abrasion.

Materials and Methods:
The compliance and usage of the probe were assessed by a standardized set of questionnaires to the interns followed by an ex-vivo study in 100 subjects. Gold standard comparisons with Vernier caliper, inter-examiner, and intra-examiner reliability were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
Data from the questionnaire indicate that 100% of examiners had no difficulty in handling the instrument or measuring and reading the values. Comparison between the CAITN probe and the gold standard was statistically significant indicating a correlation for cervical abrasion measurement between the two methods (p < 0.001). The mean difference between the two measurements using the CAITN probe and gold standard method was calculated with paired t-test and was insignificant (p > 0.05). High statistical significant correlation was also found for intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability measurement of CAITN probe (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The design and structure of the CAITN probe are standardized with a fair gold standard comparison and that the novel probe can be used as an effective tool to measure the depth of cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
Assessment of Utility of Lycopene, Selenium, and Vitamin E in Management of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Manas Abhigyan , Venkateswararao CH , Vaid Shivali , Dhakray Khanna Vidhi , Muhaseena M , Alvi Sadaf 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To assess the utility of lycopene, selenium, and vitamin E in the management of leukoplakia.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional observational prospective study, 52 patients of oral leukoplakia were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients were prescribed 6 mg of lycopene, 400 I.U. of vitamin E, and 200 μg of selenium twice a day. Group II patients were prescribed a placebo capsule. The clinical improvement was recorded in both groups.

Results:
The mean pretreatment size of lesion in group I was 9.24 cm2 and in group II was 8.52 cm2. Post treatment size was 1.52 cm2 in group I and 6.28 cm2 in group II. There was a significant reduction in the size of lesion in group I compared to group II (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The treatment with a combination of lycopene, selenium, and vitamin E is useful and effective in managing the cases of oral leukoplakia.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Hubballi Propolis against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans One of the Major Causative Organisms of Perimplantitis
Authors: Srinivas Sowmya , Ravi M. B. , Ram Keerthi , Jaishankar Homberhalli HP , Nagaraja Manjunatha S , Gowrav M. P. , Ramesh KSV 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Peri-implantitis can be attributed to many underlying causes, one of the chief ones being due to infection caused by oral micro flora and particularly Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Antibiotics are administered along with mechanical debridement to control the infection. The side effect of conventional antibiotic therapy and drug resistance has led to the necessity for alternate approaches to handle infections. Natural products are being investigated because of their multi-target activity and structurally different from the normal antibiotics. Propolis a product by Apis Mellifera bees as a wound healing and bone regenerating effect along with antimicrobial effect. One of the important features of Propolis is the chemical properties of Propolis changes with the different locations of procurement. Antimicrobial activity of Hubballi propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is not been reported in the literature.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the Hubballi Propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Methods:
The two solvents used for the study were water and 70% Aq ethanol. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were tested.

Results:
Hubballi Propolis sample showed antimicrobial effect against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with MIC range from 0.1 mg/ml to 0.25 mg/ml.

Conclusion:
Hubballi Propolis is effective against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection thus may help in treating peri-implantitis. Propolis extracted with water as solvent showed better MIC, higher TPC and TFC than the propolis extracted using alcohol as solvent. This feature is noteworthy as the formulations produced using water extract is favorable than alcohol extract of propolis which irritates the mucosa and hence difficult for its application in dentistry.
Influence of Domestic Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Women's Periconceptional Stage and Associated Risk of Oral Cleft in Offspring
Authors: Ravi M. B , Srinivas Sowmya , Swamy K. N Raghavendra , Anupama A , Roy Akanksha , Gowrav MP , Achar Raghu Ram 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of chemicals with an omnipresence in the environment and our surroundings. With their genotoxicity and carcinogenic nature, it has been proven to be monstrous in our daily life and, especially for pregnant women and their newborn.

Aim:
This questionnaire study was done to verify the influence of domestic exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons on women's periconceptional stage and risk of oral cleft in offspring in the suburban and the rural population of Mysore.

Methodology:
Two hundred pregnant women as patients from four different hospitals in Mysore were given a questionnaire to be filled with 24 parameters ranging from the knowledge to various means of exposure to the pregnant women with the PAH and the severity and the extent of the orofacial defect in the newborn.

Results:
It was determined that exposure of pregnant women to the smoke emanating from the method of cooking or heating to smoking (first or passive) and the direct inhalation of gas had the maximum effects on the association of cleft palate (60.7%) in unilateral followed by 90.9% in bilateral, 65.0% in soft tissue, and 76.2% in hard tissue cleft palate.

Conclusion:
The deleterious effects of the cooking and water heating measures practiced in the suburban and the rural population predisposed the pregnant women to significantly higher chances of offspring with the varied extent of the orofacial defect. There is an influence of domestic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on women's periconceptional stage and risk of oral cleft in offspring.
An Establishment of Various Cephalometric Parameters in an Urban Setup in Odisha and Linking it with the Discernment of Pleasant Profiles by Lay Persons
Authors: Bhushan Vidya , Mohanty Pritam , Dash Samarendra , Bindhani Bikash Ranjan , Dash Sonika , Rai Shilpa 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To evaluate cephalometric parameters of orthodontic population in an urban setup in Odisha using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis and compare it with the established Caucasian norms.

Methodology:
Pre-treatment patient records from a dental hospital were collected. Lateral cephalograms of the normal and supernormal sample were traced. Cephalometric features relating to various facial hard tissue that determine balance and harmony were measured using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis. The values obtained were compared with the established Caucasian norms. Comparison of mean values were done via independent sample t test and ANOVA. Subsequently post hoc Tukey's was used to establish the significance of the mean difference of all the variables used.

Results:
Significant differences were obtained for lower incisor to NB, mandibular plane angle, FMA, FMIA, articular angle, basal plane angle, inclination angle, Rakosi Jarabak ratio and interincisal angle.

Conclusion:
Fundamental variations were seen in various parameters. Perception of lay persons can be of aid to the clinician in assembling commendations for alternative treatment plans.
Determination of Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Sukanya D. , Upasana L. , Deepak T. A. , Abhinethra M. S. , Choudary Sailaja 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is chronic, scarring disease of the oral cavity. Cytokines and growth factors produced by inflammatory cells play a major role in its pathogenesis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) application, which has an anti-inflammatory, was used to determine the improvement in mouth opening.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) in OSMF treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients who were diagnosed with OSMF after obtaining consent form and ethical clearance were included. LLLT was applied for 4 cycles for 15 s each in the left and right buccal mucosa. Therapy was done on day 0, 3, 7, and 15 and measurements were done immediately after each LLLT application. Patients were recalled after 1, 3, and 6 months from the commencement of the therapy for follow-up measurements.

Results:
The mean increase in mouth opening following application of LLLT from day 0 to day 15 was 9.91 ± 3.34, and day 1–6 months was 14.29 ± 6.82, which was statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The study shows significant improvements in the mouth opening of the OSMF patient during treatment and postoperatively. Thus, our study confirms LLLT can be used as one of the modality in OSMF management.
Assessment of Healing and Pain Response at Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Sites with and Without Pre- and PostOperative Photobiomodulation at Red and Near-Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Gururaj Soumya Bardvalli , Shankar Shrinidhi Maji , Parveen Fathima , Chidambar Chethana Kunthur , Bhushan Kala , Prabhudev Chaitra Magnur 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Photobiomodulation (PBM), formerly known as low-level laser therapy, has been successfully used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in postoperative care. It is also known to have a positive effect on healing and regeneration, at an appropriate power and wavelength.

Aim:
The main objective was to assess the effect of preoperative as well a postoperative irradiation with low power of 100 milliwatts (mW) and 810-nanometer (nm) (near-infrared) and 660-nanometer(nm) (red) wavelengths on healing as well pain at mandibular third molar extraction sockets.

Methodology:
Twenty-six patients who were scheduled for mandibular third molar extractions were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The experimental group consisted of 13 patients who were subjected to 810-nm irradiation at 100 MW at the site immediately before and after the extraction was completed. In addition, they also received a transcutaneous irradiation of 660-nm wavelength light 1-day postoperatively. The control group received no irradiation immediately after postextraction or the day after. Pain and healing were assessed using the visual analog scale and Turnbull and Howley's Index for soft-tissue healing on the 7th and the 21st days. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
The results showed clinically significant improvements in healing index scores and pain scores of the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
PBM at an appropriate wavelength is a potential tool for the management of pain and accelerating healing at mandibular third molar extraction sites.
To Check the Reliability of Various Cephalometric Parameters used for Predicting the Type of Malocclusions and Growth Patterns
Authors: Pawar Ranjit Omprakash , Mane Dipali Raghunath , Patil Chetan Dilip , Bhalerao Snehal Vijay , Parkar Aameer Fazluddin , Agarwal Shivam 
Published: July 2022

Background:
There are many different types of malocclusions that may result from the sagittal, vertical, or transverse deviations in normal craniofacial development. When it comes to orthodontic problems, malocclusions in the sagittal plane may have a considerable impact on a person's self-esteem as well as their ability to speak and eat properly. Sagittal anomalies in the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue systems may now be accurately diagnosed using a universally accepted standard lateral cephalogram (SLCE).

Methods and Materials:
The principal investigator manually traced the cephalograms, identified skeletal landmarks, and measured the following data. The ANB angle (normal range: 0° to 4°) is the angle framed by the point A, Nasion, and B. Estimated oppositely from point A and B on the functional occlusal plane, with Wits evaluation: AO-to-BO direct distance. AB plane angle : the angle formed by the AB and the Npog plane (normal range = -9° to 0°). Beta angle: the angle framed by the A-CB and AB lines, with a typical range of 27° to 35°. W angle: this is the angle created by the opposite line from M to the S-G line and the M-G line, with a typical range of 51 to 55 degrees. The angle of convexity: the angle between N-point A and A-Pog. (Normal range: -8.5 to 10 degree)

Results:
We utilised Pearson correlation to see how well the different skeletal studies correlated with one another. Wits and the ANB angle of convexity exhibited an excellent relationship with each other, with r = 0.831 and Downs angle of convexity (both r = 0.823 and P = 0.01) being statistically significant. This study used Kappa statistics to assess the degree of agreement between several cephalometric diagnostic criteria. The agreement between the ANB and final groups was strong (k = 0.802, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
There was a strong link between all of the cephalometric measures. The cephalometric landmark and valid indication was determined to be the most dependable in evaluating malocclusion and development pattern.
Success of Dental Implant Influenced by Abutment Types and Loading Protocol
Authors: Mayuri Sneha , Irfan Ahamed KA , Raj Ritu , Sen Amrita , Malik Rajvir , Bandgar Subhash , Rangari Priyadarshini 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Dental implants are considered better, latest, and most advanced technique of teeth replacement in present times with more teeth loss and increased related concerns.

Aims:
The present clinical trial was carried out to assess marginal bone loss and implant failure in immediate and delayed loading implants. The study also evaluated healing using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the effect of risk factors on marginal bone loss.

Materials and Methods:
The 44 subjects were randomly divided into two groups with immediate loading and delayed loading protocols. Various soft-tissue parameters were seen clinically. Quantitative PCR was done to detect biomarkers. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation with a level of significance at P < 0.05 and the results were formulated.

Results:
Concerning marginal bone loss, it was seen that for delayed loading, the bone loss at the implant level was 1.52 ± 0.14, 0.19 ± 0.11, and 0.40 ± 0.12, respectively, at placement, 1 and 2 years. Plaque and mucosal bleeding scores were low at the time of placement with respective values of 0.96 ± 0.12 and 28.42 ± 3.15 for the delayed loading group and 0.98 ± 0.11 and 30.24 ± 3.15 for the immediate loading group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) showing remodeling was high at 3 months in delayed loading (13.3 ± 8.5). Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was highest in delayed loading at 3 months (25.2 ± 7.7) and immediate loading at 2 days (32.6 ± 13).

Conclusion:
Both immediate loading and delayed loading implants show similar results in terms of bone loss, soft-tissue parameters, and biomarkers in sulcular fluids with relatively few and manageable complications.
Assessment of Efficiency of Diode Laser in Root Canal Disinfection
Authors: Maiti Niladri , Benedicenti Stefano , Henna  , Ambesh Sahitya , Gudapati Swapnika , Mustafa Mohammed , Agarwal Kishan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
For the complete removal of the intracanal debris and the infectious agents, the intracanal irrigation plays a significant role. Hence, in our study, we assessed the efficiency of diode laser in root canal disinfection.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted an in vitro study on 45 extracted single noncarious teeth. We equally divided the teeth into controls, Endovac, and diode laser. Later the mean colony-forming units (MCFU) of the Enterococcus faecalis were calculated and compared statistically.

Results:
We observed that the MCFU in the controls, Endovac, and diode laser was 108/ml, 104/ml, and 0, respectively, after the incubation.

Conclusion:
We can conclude that diode laser can be successful in irrigation of the root canals.