bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrable fractional modified Korteweg–deVries, sine-Gordon, and sinh-Gordon equations
Authors: Ablowitz Mark J , Been Joel B , Carr Lincoln D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inverse scattering transform allows explicit construction of solutions to many physically significant nonlinear wave equations. Notably, this method can be extended to fractional nonlinear evolution equations characterized by anomalous dispersion using completeness of suitable eigenfunctions of the associated linear scattering problem. In anomalous diffusion, the mean squared displacement is proportional to t

α
, α > 0, while in anomalous dispersion, the speed of localized waves is proportional to A

α
, where A is the amplitude of the wave. Fractional extensions of the modified Korteweg–deVries (mKdV), sine-Gordon (sineG) and sinh-Gordon (sinhG) and associated hierarchies are obtained. Using symmetries present in the linear scattering problem, these equations can be connected with a scalar family of nonlinear evolution equations of which fractional mKdV (fmKdV), fractional sineG (fsineG), and fractional sinhG (fsinhG) are special cases. Completeness of solutions to the scalar problem is obtained and, from this, the nonlinear evolution equation is characterized in terms of a spectral expansion. In particular, fmKdV, fsineG, and fsinhG are explicitly written. One-soliton solutions are derived for fmKdV and fsineG using the inverse scattering transform and these solitons are shown to exhibit anomalous dispersion.
Interfacial charge transfer and Schottky barriers at c-Si/a-In heterojunctions
Authors: Fang Piet Xiaowen , Nihtianov Stoyan , Sberna Paolo , de Wijs Gilles A , Fang Changming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metal-Semiconductor (M/S) heterojunctions, better known as Schottky junctions play a crucial role in modern electronics. At present, the mechanisms behind the M/S junctions are still a subject of discussion. In this work, we investigate the interfaces between semiconducting crystalline Si and amorphous metallic indium, Si{0 0 1}/a-In and Si{1 1 1}/a-In using both ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and a Schottky-Mott approach. The simulations reveal the formation of a distinct border between the Si substrates and amorphous In at the interfaces. The In atoms adjacent to the interfaces exhibit atomic ordering. Charge transfer occurs from In to Si, forming c-Si−q/a-In+q charge barriers at the interfaces. This indicates that a crystalline p-Si/a-In heterojunction will have rectifying properties, which agrees with an analysis using the Schottky-Mott model which predicts a Schottky barrier height of 1.3 eV for crystalline p-Si/a-In using the calculated work function for a-In (3.82 eV). We further discuss the interfacial charge transfer, related hole-depletion regions in Si adjacent to the interfaces and the Schottky-Mott approximations.
Severe acute ischaemic stroke early after wedge resection in middle-aged patients: analysis and endovascular treatment
Authors: Zhang Chong , Meng Di , Xu Jinming , Cao Jinlin , Hu Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Severe acute ischaemic stroke early after wedge resection is very rare in healthy middle-aged patients. Here, we reviewed the data and characteristics of 9 cases. The infarction resulted from embolism in intracranial arteries, severely impacting the quality of life. In the first 2 patients, the onset symptom was confused with residual anaesthetic effects early after surgery. Drawing from the initial 2 cases, the following 7 patients received accurate diagnosis and emergent endovascular thrombus aspiration with good outcome due to immediate reperfusion. Furthermore, we discuss the principal causes of severe acute stroke in healthy middle-aged patients and the efficacy of endovascular thrombus aspiration.
Characterizing the interfacial fracture energy of stiff islands on stretchable films
Authors: Lin Jui-Chi , Tsai Jia-Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study characterized the interfacial fracture energy of stiff islands deposited on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film. The film can deform by &gt;200%. The film was stretched using a designed fixture, and the fracture behaviors of the islands were observed using a microscope. The island–substrate interface debonding lengths associated with different levels of substrate strain were determined in the stretching tests. Because the stretchable film was a nonlinear material, the Ogden model was employed to characterize the nonlinear constitutive relation. Through the tensile tests, the material parameters in the Ogden model were determined using the reduced-gradient optimization method. On the basis of the measured debonding lengths, a finite element model was generated for the nonlinear properties of the film, and the energy release rates at the crack tip were calculated using the J-integral method. The energy release rates, representing the interfacial fracture energy, were calculated on the basis of the arrested crack associated with different crack lengths. Results reveal that the interfacial fracture energy increased from 0.14 to 0.91 kJ/m2 as the debonding length increased. The behavior is related to the rising resistance curve in TPU materials. In addition, the shearing-dominated mode slightly decreased as the debonded length increased in the stretching tests.
Stylometric similarity in literary corpora: Non-authorship clustering andDeutscher Novellenschatz
Authors: Päpcke Simon , Weitin Thomas , Herget Katharina , Glawion Anastasia , Brandes Ulrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA distant-reading task in literary corpus analysis is to group stylometrically similar texts. Since there are many ways to define writing style, the result not only depends on the clustering method but even more so on the measure of similarity. With authorship attribution, the predominant application of stylometry, as its benchmark much research has addressed the utility of methods for measuring similarity. We use a corpus of German-language novellas to demonstrate that one may be interested in very different meaningful groups of texts simultaneously, and that these can be recovered from stylometric clustering if the measure is chosen accordingly. As can be expected, different measures do better at recovering groups associated with, for instance, subgenre, author gender, or narrative perspective. As a consequence, it is suggested that corpus analyses should not be based on what is currently considered the most refined measure of stylometric similarity, but rather break down the decisions that yield a specific measure and provide substantively justified arguments for them.
Development and transdifferentiation into inner hair cells require Tbx2
Authors: Bi Zhenghong , Li Xiang , Ren Minhui , Gu Yunpeng , Zhu Tong , Li Shuting , Wang Guangqin , Sun Suhong , Sun Yuwei , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Atoh1 is essential for the development of both outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) in the mammalian cochlea. Whereas Ikzf2 is necessary for OHC development, the key gene required for IHC development remains unknown. We found that deletion of Tbx2 in neonatal IHCs led to their transdifferentiation into OHCs by repressing 26.7% of IHC genes and inducing 56.3% of OHC genes, including Ikzf2. More importantly, persistent expression of Tbx2 coupled with transient Atoh1 expression effectively reprogrammed non-sensory supporting cells into new IHCs expressing the functional IHC marker vGlut3. The differentiation status of these new IHCs was considerably more advanced than that previously reported. Thus, Tbx2 is essential for IHC development and co-upregulation of Tbx2 with Atoh1 in supporting cells represents a new approach for treating deafness related to IHC degeneration.
Case Report: Erroneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Diagnosis in a Pregnant Woman Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Hastie Elizabeth , Stangl Lisa , Deutsch Karen , Yin Jeffrey , Hull Andrew , Spector Stephen A , Blumenthal Jill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We describe a case of a pregnant cisgender woman diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 using the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic algorithm who subsequently had her diagnosis overturned after additional testing outside of the algorithm, including an HIV-1 proviral deoxyribonucleic acid test that was negative.
The impact of transformational leadership on risk management and Dubai police performance
Authors: Zaher Omair Juma Abdulla Ahmed , Batool Mewish , Ali Salsabeel , Perumal Puvanasvaran A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effective leadership is essential to manage potential risks facing the mission of law enforcement and improve the performance of police departments. While risk management by itself does not provide an adequate guarantee for an effective police operation, transformational leaders motivate, and inspire police officers to display high performance. Hence, the absence of effective risk management and transformational leadership may weaken police performance and potentially increase the risk to the work of police officers. Accordingly, this research aims to inspect the direct relationships between transformational leadership on risk management and police performance. Quantitative methods have been used to measure the strength of associations between these variables, simple random sampling has been adopted for the survey on a sample consisting of 307 police officers in the Dubai police department. The outcomes of the study showed that transformational leadership has a substantial effect on risk management and police performance, while age (moderator) has a significant impact on the choice of transformational leadership by the leader. These outcomes show the significance of the transformational leadership approach in the work of policing and explain why many law enforcement organizations increasingly rely on transformational leaders to reduce crime rates and improve the performance of the police.
Anaphylaxis across Europe: are pollen food syndrome and lipid transfer protein allergy so far apart?
Authors: Olivieri Bianca , Stoenchev Kostadin V. , Skypala Isabel J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Traditionally pollen-food syndrome (PFS) is considered to be a mild cross-reacting food allergy affecting only Northern Europe, with lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergy being more severe and mainly occurring in Southern Europe. This review seeks to update the reader on both types of plant food allergy and to determine whether the stereotypical presentations of these plant food allergies remain the same, with a particular focus on reaction severity.

Recent findings
Recent findings suggest that both these types of plant food allergy occur in children and adults. Although it is true that PFS allergy is more prevalent in Northern Europe and LTP allergy is more well known in Southern Europe, these conditions are not hidebound by geography, and the increasing spread and allergenicity of pollen due to global warming continues to change their presentation. Both conditions have a spectrum of symptom severity, with PFS sometimes presenting with more severe symptoms, including anaphylaxis and LTP allergy with milder reactions.

Summary
It is important to consider that in many parts of Europe, reactions to plant foods, especially fruits or vegetables, could be mediated either by pollen cross-reactivity or primary sensitization to LTP allergens. All those presenting with symptoms to plant foods will benefit from a detailed clinical history and appropriate tests so that an accurate diagnosis can be made, and correct management implemented.
Highlights mild traumatic brain injury 2021
Authors: van der Naalt Joukje , Jacobs Bram 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity worldwide. Patients at risk of unfavourable outcome may benefit from additional attention and help but identification of these patients necessitates the development of diagnostic methods to assess indices of brain injury at an early stage. The aim of this overview is to highlight studies that reflect the growing scientific attention to the early diagnosis and prognostication of mild TBI.

Recent findings
The value of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of TBI severity has been acknowledged in recent studies. The diagnostic and prognostic utility of several biomarkers of brain injury, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, and of inflammation, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, holds promise for application in daily clinical practice in a point-of-care platform. Besides head CT imaging, early advanced MRI brain imaging has been reported as a tool for assessment of injury severity and prognostication. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has raised new challenges for the treatment of intracranial traumatic haemorrhage at the Emergency Department.

Summary
Promising findings of new diagnostic markers of brain injury severity highlight the potential prognostic value of serum biomarkers and early MRI imaging. The accurate assessment of patients at risk of incomplete recovery after mTBI will enhance more timely and individualized treatment.
The Utility of Transcranial Stimulated Motor-Evoked Potential Alerts in Cervical Spine Surgery Varies Based on Preoperative Motor Status
Authors: Funaba Masahiro , Kanchiku Tsukasa , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Go , Machino Masaaki , Yamada Kei , Shigematsu Hideki , Tadokoro Nobuaki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Takahashi Masahito , Yamamoto Naoya , Morito Shinji , Kawabata Shigenori , Fujiwara Yasushi , Ando Muneharu , Taniguchi Shinichirou , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Wada Kanichiro , Yasuda Akimasa , Hashimoto Jun , Takatani Tsunenori , Ando Kei , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Imagama Shiro 
Published: August 2022

Study Design.
A prospective multicenter observational study.

Objective.
The aim was to investigate the validity of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (Tc-MEP) in cervical spine surgery and identify factors associated with positive predictive value when Tc-MEP alerts are occurred.

Summary of Background Data.
The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-MEP for detecting motor paralysis are high; however, false-positives sometimes occur.

Materials and Methods.
The authors examined Tc-MEP in 2476 cases of cervical spine surgeries and compared patient backgrounds, type of spinal disorders, preoperative motor status, surgical factors, and the types of Tc-MEP alerts. Tc-MEP alerts were defined as an amplitude reduction of more than 70% from the control waveform. Tc-MEP results were classified into two groups: false-positive and true-positive, and items that showed significant differences were extracted by univariate analysis and detected by multivariate analysis.

Results.
Overall sensitivity was 66% (segmental paralysis: 33% and lower limb paralysis: 95.8%) and specificity was 91.5%. Tc-MEP outcomes were 33 true-positives and 233 false-positives. Positive predictive value of general spine surgery was significantly higher in cases with a severe motor status than in a nonsevere motor status (19.5% vs. 6.7%, P=0.02), but not different in high-risk spine surgery (20.8% vs. 19.4%). However, rescue rates did not significantly differ regardless of motor status (48% vs. 50%). In a multivariate logistic analysis, a preoperative severe motor status [P=0.041, odds ratio (OR): 2.46, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03–5.86] and Tc-MEP alerts during intradural tumor resection (P<0.001, OR: 7.44, 95% CI: 2.64–20.96) associated with true-positives, while Tc-MEP alerts that could not be identified with surgical maneuvers (P=0.011, OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.073–0.71) were associated with false-positives.

Conclusion.
The utility of Tc-MEP in patients with a preoperative severe motor status was enhanced, even in those without high-risk spine surgery. Regardless of the motor status, appropriate interventions following Tc-MEP alerts may prevent postoperative paralysis.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer
Authors: Nooij Linda , Schaake Eva , Reyners Anna , Zijlmans Henry , Amant Frédéric 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Studies on treatment options for patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer (LAVC) are scarce, and high-level evidence for a primary treatment choice is lacking. Furthermore, current treatment options are associated with extensive morbidity and high complication rates. More effective treatment options are urgently needed. This review describes current treatment possibilities, focusing on literature regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery.

Recent findings
Although data are heterogeneous and limited, NACT followed by surgery might be an effective and well tolerated treatment alternative associated with lower morbidity compared with current treatment options, such as excenterative surgery or definitive chemoradiation.

Summary
Up until now, several studies describe an overall response rate of 40–86%. Surgery turned out to be possible in 40–90% of the LAVC patients who received NACT. Prospective studies on the efficacy and safety of NACT followed by surgery with a homogeneous chemotherapy regimen are urgently awaited. NACT should, at this point, still be considered investigational.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Have Clinical Activity in Patients With Recurrent Chordoma
Authors: Bishop Andrew J. , Amini Behrang , Lin Heather , Raza Shaan M. , Patel Shreyaskumar , Grosshans David R. , Ghia Amol , Farooqi Ahsan , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Mitra Devarati , Akdemir Kadir C. , Lazar Alexander J. , Wang Wei-Lien , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Bird Justin , Rhines Laurence D. , Somaiah Neeta , Conley Anthony P. 
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and tolerance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for patients with recurrent chordoma. We reviewed the records of 17 patients with recurrent chordomas who received ICIs for progressing disease as part of their treatment between 2016 and 2020. Response was assessed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1 criteria. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Clinical benefit was defined as having stable disease (SD), a partial response, or a complete response. The median follow-up from the start of ICIs was 29 months [interquartile range (IQR): 13–35 m]. The majority received pembrolizumab (n=9, 53%), and the median number of cycles delivered was 8 (IQR: 7–12). The 1-year OS was 87%, and the 1-year PFS was 56% with a median PFS of 14 months (95% CI, 5–17 mo). After ICI initiation, most patients (n=15, 88%) had clinical benefit consisting of a complete response (n=1, 6%), partial response (n=3, 18%), and stable disease (n=11, 65%). Among all responders (n=15), the median duration of response was 12 months. Toxicities were limited: 2 (12%) patients having grade 3/4 immune-related toxicities (colitis, grade 3; myocarditis, grade 4). We observed a high rate of clinical benefit and favorable durability from ICI use for patients with recurrent chordoma. These data provide support for the integration of ICIs as a standard first-line systemic therapy option for patients with recurrent chordoma. Prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate efficacy and enhance response rates.
Essential tremor-Parkinson's disease syndrome: clinical characteristics and subtypes using cluster analysis
Authors: Hou Yanbing , Han Qin , Ou Ruwei , Liu Kuncheng , Lin Junyu , Yang Tianmi , Shang Huifang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common movement disorders. ET-PD syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of PD in patients with a previous history of ET, which may be an independent phenotype distinct from PD. This study aims to identify clinical characteristics and subtypes in ET-PD.

Methods:
A total of 93 newly diagnosed ET-PD patients and 93 newly diagnosed PD patients matched for age, sex, education, and disease duration of PD were selected using propensity score matching analysis. The K-means cluster analysis was performed for 11 variables derived from the ET-PD group, and cluster profiles were established through statistical analysis of demographic and clinical variables.

Results:
The ET-PD group consisted of a high number of patients with a family history of ET exhibiting evident tremor with milder hypokinesia and postural instability symptoms, as compared to the PD group. Through the cluster analysis, two clusters of ET-PD patients were identified. The ET-PD cluster 1 (n = 34) had a shorter ET duration before PD onset, lower number of patients with a family history of ET, higher unified PD rating scale instability scores, higher non-motor symptoms scores (non-motor symptoms scale D1 scores, Hamilton depression scale scores, Hamilton anxiety scale scores, and PD sleep scale-2 scores), and higher Chinese version of the PD questionnaire-39 scores relative to the ET-PD cluster 2 (n = 59).

Conclusion:
ET-PD patients had significantly different characteristics for motor symptoms as compared to PD patients, and may be distinctly divided into two clinical subtypes, namely, the ET-PD complex type and the ET-PD simple type.
Clinical impact and mechanisms in hepatitis B virus infection concurrent with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tong Xin , Song Yu , Yin Shengxia , Wang Jian , Huang Rui , Wu Chao , Shi Junping , Li Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is an important threat to global health despite the administration of vaccines and the use of antiviral treatments. In recent years, as the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with CHB has become more common. Both diseases can lead to liver fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, but the risk of dual etiology, outcome, and CHB combined with NAFLD is not fully clear. In this review, we assess the overlapping prevalence of NAFLD and CHB, summarize recent studies of clinical and basic research related to potential interactions, and evaluate the progressive changes and treatments for CHB patients with NAFLD. This study increases the understanding of the relationship and mechanisms of interaction between steatosis and hepatitis B virus infection, and it provides new strategies for the future clinical management and treatment of CHB combined with NAFLD.