bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silica-based mesoporous ion-imprinted fluorescent sensors for the detection of Pb2+ in aqueous environments
Authors: Xu Qingming , Lv Jie , Wu Tongfei , Hu Bo , Li Yunhui , Zeng Fanming , Zhu Jianwei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, an environment-friendly core–shell material based on CDs@SiO2 as the core and mesoporous ion-imprinted layer as the shell was reported. As a highly sensitive and accurate fluorescent sensor for the detection of Pb2+ in environmental water, the composition combined ion imprinting technology with quantum dots to selectively quench the fluorescence of CDs by metal coordination in the presence of Pb2+, and the visual change of gradually weakening blue color could be observed by the naked eye for visual detection. The mesoporous structure significantly improved the detection recognition rate of CDs@SiO2@MIIPs.The molecularly imprinted sensor presented a favorable linear relationship over a Pb2+ concentration range from 10 nmol l−1 to 100 nmol l−1 and a detection limit of 2.16 nmol l−1 for Pb2+. The imprinting factor of the CDs@SiO2@MIIPs was 5.13. The sensor has a fast detection rate, is highly selective in the identification of Pb2+, and can be reused up to 10 times. The applicability of the method was evaluated by the determination of Pb2+ in spiked environmental water samples with satisfactory results.
Electric current-assisted manipulation of liquid metals using a stylus at micro-and nano-scales
Authors: Shastri Vijayendra , Majumder Sukanya , Ashok Anuj , Roy Kaustav , Pratap Rudra , Kumar Praveen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A novel methodology, based on wetting and electromigration, for transporting liquid metal, over long distances, at micro-and nano-scale using a stylus is reported. The mechanism is analogous to a dropper that uses ‘suction and release’ actions to ‘collect and dispense’ liquid. In our methodology, a stylus coated with a thin metal film acts like the dropper that collects liquid metal from a reservoir upon application of an electric current, holds the liquid metal via wetting while carrying the liquid metal over large distances away from the reservoir and drops it on the target location by reversing the direction of electric current. Essentially, the working principle of the technique relies on the directionality of electromigration force and adhesive force due to wetting. The working of the technique is demonstrated by using an Au-coated Si micropillar as the stylus, liquid Ga as the liquid metal to be transported, and a Kleindiek-based position micro-manipulator to traverse the stylus from the liquid reservoir to the target location. For demonstrating the potential applications, the technique is utilized for closing a micro-gap by dispensing a minuscule amount of liquid Ga and conformally coating the desired segment of the patterned thin films with liquid Ga. This study confirms the promising potential of the developed technique for reversible, controlled manipulation of liquid metal at small length scales.
Joint estimation of interaction position and energy deposition in semiconductor SPECT imaging sensors using fully connected neural network
Authors: Yang Can , Zannoni Elena Maria , Meng Ling-Jian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Pixelated semiconductor detectors such as CdTe and CZT sensors suffer spatial resolution and spectral performance degradation induced by charge-sharing effects. It is critical to enhance the detector property through recovering the energy-deposition and position estimation. Approach. In this work, we proposed a fully-connected-neural-network-based charge-sharing reconstruction algorithm to correct the charge-loss and estimate the sub-pixel position for every multi-pixel charge-sharing event. Main results. Evident energy resolution improvement can be observed by comparing the spectrum produced by a simple charge-sharing addition method and the proposed energy correction methods. We also demonstrate that sub-pixel resolution can be achieved in projections obtained with a small pinhole collimator and an innovative micro-ring collimator. Significance. These achievements are crucial for multiple-tracer SPECT imaging applications, and for other semiconductor detector-based imaging modalities.
Fabrication of multi-filament(Ba,A)Fe2As2 (A: Na, K) HIP round wires and a small superconducting coil
Authors: Pyon Sunseng , Ito Takamasa , Sakagami Ryosuke , Tamegai Tsuyoshi , Awaji Satoshi , Kito Hijiri , Ishida Shigeyuki , Eisaki Hiroshi , Yoshida Yoshiyuki , Kajitani Hideki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report the fabrication and systematic characterizations of multi-filament (Ba,A)Fe2As2 (A: Na, K) round wires processed under high pressure. The evaluated transport and magnetic critical current density show clear core-number dependence. This trend originates from degradation of the superconducting core during the wire-drawing process, degradation of the concentric texturing of the core, and the enhanced sausaging effect of the core (revealed by x-ray tomography) as the number of cores increases. Details of the characterizations and suggestions for the improvement of the fabrication process are discussed. We constructed a superconducting magnet using seven-filament (Ba,K)Fe2As2 hot-isostatic pressed round wires. The generated magnetic field and critical current (I
c) of the coils at 4.2 K are 1.0 kOe and 18 A, respectively. Measurements of the I
c of short segments picked up from the coil show that there is enough room for improvements.
Vector beams encoded by diverse orthogonal polarization states and their generation based on metasurfaces
Authors: Yue Zhiyuan , Lu Peiyao , Xu Jilian , Li Zhong , Teng Shuyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vector beams with spatially varying polarization states have wide application prospects. Convenient and feasible generation of compact vector beams become important for the applications in integrated optics and optical communication. Based on the superposition of orthogonal polarization vortex beams and the metasurface design, this paper studies systematically vector beams with hybrid states of polarization in diverse orthogonal polarization encoding. The spatial polarization of vector beam can be controlled through choosing the polarization types and adjusting the contributions of two orthogonal polarized beams. The generated vector beams based on metasurfaces verify the output of diversity polarization states in the transverse plane. The high polarization sensitivity of vector beam is beneficial to the polarization multiplexing and the utilization of optical metasurface realizes the polarization manipulation in nanometer scale. This work lays the foundation for the construction of complex vector beams and it is helpful for expanding the applications of vector beams.
Dark conduction mechanisms of PTQBDT based heterojunction diode
Authors: Gullu H H , Yıldız D E , Hacioglu S O , Cirpan A , Toppare L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAl:LiF/PTQBT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass organic-based diode is fabricated with different weight ratios in PTQBT:PCBM active layer. The diodes D1, D2 and D3 are prepared using the precursor solution for spin coating process as 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. Under dark, main diode parameters are extracted by conventional thermionic emission theory using the results ofI−Vmeasurements. Parasitic resistance contribution, non-ideal barrier height formation and high values of ideality factor indicate possible effects of space charge limited current flow mechanism on forward biasedI−Vcharacteristics. At saturated voltage region, series resistances are calculated and the results are evaluated according to Cheung’s method. The possible voltage sharing between interface layer and depletion region are also investigated by analysis of density of interface states. In addition, field effect is found in a major role on the reverse current flow and the mechanism is evaluated according to Schottky-Richardson model.
Comparative studies of terahertz-based optical properties in transmission/reflection modes of GaSe: S and measurement of its scattering losses due to surface roughness for efficient terahertz generation
Authors: Ghorui Chandan , Kidavu Arjun V , Kumar P Naveen , Das S , Chaudhary A K , Andreev Yu M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper reports the efficient terahertz generation using nonlinear optical rectification process and comparative studies of optical, dielectric, and surface scattering properties of 1.0 mm thin GaSe: S crystal in transmission/reflection modes. We employed 800 nm wavelength of 140 fs and 50 fs pulse durations obtained from Ti: Sapphire oscillator and amplifier systems at 80 MHz and 1 kHz repetition rates, respectively, and evaluated the THz generation potential and optical properties such as refractive index, absorption coefficients, relative permittivity in transmission mode. In the next step, the crystal was subjected to a commercial THz system of 0.3 picosecond pulses at 100 MHz repetition rate in reflection geometry and once again recorded the similar parameters and compared with the transmission mode data. In addition, these data were used to measure the scattering losses from the surface of the crystal in terms of surface roughness, optical impedance, and Fresnel’s reflection coefficients. The maximum generated THz power was of the order of 4.5 μW with conversion efficiency (η) ∼ 2.2 × 10−3%. The measured THz efficiency was found equivalent to 20 mm thick GaSe crystal used in the difference frequency mixing technique. Finally, we have measured the Rayleigh roughness factor (g) of the crystal surface at different THz frequencies. When g < 1 (for small roughness) the Fresnel reflection loss factor becomes 0.75 at 1.4 THz frequency range which helps to enhance the generated signal.
Dissecting kinetically coupled quintessence: phenomenology and observational tests
Authors: Teixeira Elsa M. , Barros Bruno J. , Ferreira Vasco M.C. , Frusciante Noemi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate an interacting dark energy model which allows for the kinetic term of the scalar field to couple to dark matter via a power-law interaction. The model is characterised by scaling solutions at early times, which are of high interest to alleviate the coincidence problem, followed by a period of accelerated expansion. We discuss the phenomenology of the background evolution and of the linear scalar perturbations and we identify measurable signatures of the coupling in the dark sector on the cosmic microwave background, the lensing potential auto-correlation and the matter power spectra. We also perform a parameter estimation analysis using data of cosmic microwave background temperature, polarisation and lensing, baryonic acoustic oscillations and supernovae. We find that the strength of the coupling between the dark sectors, regulated by the parameter α, is constrained to be of order 10-4. A model selection analysis does not reveal a statistical preference between ΛCDM and the Kinetic model.
Highly efficient exchange of orbital angular momentum of light via electron spin coherence
Authors: Alkawak Omar A , Faisal Raheem Al-Behadili , Yasin Yaser , Ibrahim Wessim Salahaddin , Ruhaima Ali Abdul Kadhim , Hassan Ward Zahraa , Hadrawi Salema K , Kong H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this letter we analysed the efficient exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light in a double V-type semiconductor quantum well via electron spin coherence. We found that due to the four-wave mixing (FWM) mechanism the OAM state of the vortex light can transfer from applied lights to a new generated signal beam when the efficiency of the FWM processes is enough high. We also shown that the absorption spectrum of the new generated light depends on the OAM number and azimuthal angle of the optical vortex light. We realized that for some specific parametric conditions the absorption spectrum of the generated light becomes negative which corresponds to the lasing without inversion.
Numerical simulation and experiment on morphology control of grooves processed by a picosecond laser on TC11 titanium alloy
Authors: Hua Xijun , Wang Changguo , Xu Sheng , Xie Xuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The chief aim of this paper is to control groove morphology precisely. In this paper, a 2D temperature field model for ultrafast picosecond laser grooving was set up on the foundation of the two-temperature model coupled with the phase change model. Then, a series of simulations were executed to investigate the influence of laser parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and repetition rate on ultrafast picosecond laser grooving. Finally, a number of experiments were performed to verify the model. The results suggest that the laser power has an obvious influence on the groove width and depth because the heat-affected zone area and single-pulse laser energy increase when the laser power varies from 2 W to 5 W. Obvious impacts of scanning speed on the groove depth and quality are observed in the present simulation due to the variation of overlap between sequential pulses and pulse numbers. The groove width and quality depend on the repetition rate. This is because the increase in the repetition rate has a certain contribution to increasing the temperature of heat residue and pulse number. This research contributes to present theoretical guidance on laser grooving.
Accuracy and precision of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Nieminen Aino E , Nieminen Jaakko O , Stenroos Matti , Novikov Pavel , Nazarova Maria , Vaalto Selja , Nikulin Vadim , Ilmoniemi Risto J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces an electric field (E-field) in the cortex. To facilitate stimulation targeting, image-guided neuronavigation systems have been introduced. Such systems track the placement of the coil with respect to the head and visualize the estimated cortical stimulation location on an anatomical brain image in real time. The accuracy and precision of the neuronavigation is affected by multiple factors. Our aim was to analyze how different factors in TMS neuronavigation affect the accuracy and precision of the coil–head coregistration and the estimated E-field. Approach. By performing simulations, we estimated navigation errors due to distortions in magnetic resonance images (MRIs), head-to-MRI registration (landmark- and surface-based registrations), localization and movement of the head tracker, and localization of the coil tracker. We analyzed the effect of these errors on coil and head coregistration and on the induced E-field as determined with simplistic and realistic head models. Main results. Average total coregistration accuracies were in the range of 2.2–3.6 mm and 1°; precision values were about half of the accuracy values. The coregistration errors were mainly due to head-to-MRI registration with average accuracies 1.5–1.9 mm/0.2–0.4° and precisions 0.5–0.8 mm/0.1–0.2° better with surface-based registration. The other major source of error was the movement of the head tracker with average accuracy of 1.5 mm and precision of 1.1 mm. When assessed within an E-field method, the average accuracies of the peak E-field location, orientation, and magnitude ranged between 1.5 and 5.0 mm, 0.9 and 4.8°, and 4.4 and 8.5% across the E-field models studied. The largest errors were obtained with the landmark-based registration. When computing another accuracy measure with the most realistic E-field model as a reference, the accuracies tended to improve from about 10 mm/15°/25% to about 2 mm/2°/5% when increasing realism of the E-field model. Significance. The results of this comprehensive analysis help TMS operators to recognize the main sources of error in TMS navigation and that the coregistration errors and their effect in the E-field estimation depend on the methods applied. To ensure reliable TMS navigation, we recommend surface-based head-to-MRI registration and realistic models for E-field computations.
Firing behavior of single motor units of the tibialis anterior in human walking as non-invasively revealed by HDsEMG decomposition
Authors: Yokoyama Hikaru , Kaneko Naotsugu , Sasaki Atsushi , Saito Akira , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Investigation of the firing behavior of motor units (MUs) provides essential neuromuscular control information because MUs are the smallest organizational component of the neuromuscular system. The MUs activated during human infants’ leg movements and rodent locomotion, mainly controlled by the spinal central pattern generator (CPG), show highly synchronous firing. In addition to spinal CPGs, the cerebral cortex is involved in neuromuscular control during walking in human adults. Based on the difference in the neural control mechanisms of locomotion between rodent, human infants and adults, MU firing behavior during adult walking probably has some different features from the other populations. However, so far, the firing activity of MUs in human adult walking has been largely unknown due to technical issues. Approach. Recent technical advances allow noninvasive investigation of MU firing by high-density surface electromyogram (HDsEMG) decomposition. We investigated the MU firing behavior of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during walking at a slow speed by HDsEMG decomposition. Main results. We found recruitment threshold modulation of MU between walking and steady isometric contractions. Doublet firings, and gait phase-specific firings were also observed during walking. We also found high MU synchronization during walking over a wide range of frequencies, probably including cortical and spinal CPG-related components. The amount of MU synchronization was modulated between the gait phases and motor tasks. These results suggest that the central nervous system flexibly controls MU firing to generate appropriate force of TA during human walking. Significance. This study revealed the MU behavior during walking at a slow speed and demonstrated the feasibility of noninvasive investigation of MUs during dynamic locomotor tasks, which will open new frontiers for the study of neuromuscular systems in the fields of neuroscience and biomedical engineering.
Towards a statistical physics of dating apps
Authors: Olmeda Fabrizio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over the last ten years, a sharp rise in the number of dating apps has broadened the spectrum of how one can get in contact with new acquaintances. A common feature of such apps is a swipe, enabling a user to decide whether to like or dislike another user. As is the case in real life, a user may be more or less popular, which implies that the distribution of likes among different users is broad. In this paper, we show how likes are distributed across users, based on different decision-making strategies, app settings and their feedback. We apply theoretical methods originally developed in non-equilibrium statistical physics to investigate the dynamics of dating app networks. More specifically, we show that whenever a dating app differentially displays users with respect to their popularity, users are split into two categories: a first category including users who have received the most likes and a second category, referred to as a condensate, which in long-term will be reduced to a small fraction of likes or to no likes at all. Finally, we explore realist models based on a rating system of the users, known as Elo. These models will turn out to exhibit behaviour typical of gelating systems, characterized by a bimodal distribution of likes among the users with broad tails. Altogether, we provide a minimal theoretical framework to infer statistical observables in social networks governed by coupled internal states.
First passage statistics of active random walks on one and two dimensional lattices
Authors: Jose Stephy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the first passage statistics of active continuous time random walks with Poissonian waiting time distribution on a one dimensional infinite lattice and a two dimensional infinite square lattice. We study the small and large time properties of the probability of the first return to the origin as well as the probability of the first passage to an arbitrary lattice site. It is well known that the occupation probabilities of an active particle resemble that of an ordinary Brownian motion with an effective diffusion constant at large times. Interestingly, we demonstrate that even at the leading order, the first passage probabilities are not given by a simple effective diffusion constant. We demonstrate that at late times, activity enhances the probability of the first return to the origin and the probabilities of the first passage to lattice sites close enough to the origin, which we quantify in terms of the Péclet number. Additionally, we derive the first passage probabilities of a symmetric random walker and a biased random walker without activity as limiting cases. We verify our analytic results by performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of an active random walker in one and two dimensions.
Comparative study of the polar region ionospheric NmF2 and IRI-2016 models
Authors: Liao Xiaoqian , Xu Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The propagation of radio waves can be significantly affected by the ionosphere, which have a serious impact on broadcasting, communication, positioning and navigation. The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) provides multiple ionospheric parameters for given location, time and date. In order to study the applicability of the IRI-2016 model in polar ionosphere, long-term observations from the dynasonde at Tromso (TRO), EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) at Longyearbyen (LYB) and digisonde DPS-4 at Zhongshan (ZHS) were used to analyze the prediction accuracy of IRI model, with the help of mathematical statistics, correlation coefficients and time series. The data of F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) are sorted as monthly medians of NmF2 for each hours, months, and solar activities. The results show that there is a good correlation between IRI prediction and observations during solar minimum years, with the correlation coefficients larger than 0.8 except winter at Longyearbyen, better than that during solar maximum years. The correlation decreases as latitude increases. It is the best at Tromso, and better at Zhongshan than at Longyearbyen. This suggests that the IRI-2016 model is mostly applicable at the auroral latitude station Tromso. But the IRI-2016 model has poor applicability at the cusp latitude station, both Zhongshan and Longyearbyen.
Research on Automatically Correlation Technology of Virtual Terminals in Intelligent Substation Based on Standard Function Coding
Authors: Chen Pan , Xiao Zhihong , Yan Peili , Feng Teng , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Liang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The virtual terminals correlation is one of the main contents of the secondary system design in intelligent substations. The traditional manual method of virtual terminals correlation has a large workload and a high error rate. To improve efficiency and accuracy, we proposed a virtual terminals automatically correlation technology based on standard function coding. By coding the external function loop of the secondary device, the standard virtual terminals which are independent of the manufacturers are obtained. And then referring to the standard virtual terminals associating template library, the automatic correlation of the virtual terminals of secondary devices could be completed. The proposed method can effectively solve the problem that the definition of virtual terminals is difficult to unified among the domestic manufacturers, and significantly improve the matching rate of the virtual terminals automatically correlation.