bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Predictability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Wei , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Jianping , Sun Cheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe identified an interdecadal modulation of the potential predictability (measured by the signal‐to‐noise ratio) of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) by the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). The EASM potential predictability is relatively high during the warm phase of the IPO, but relatively low during the cold phase. The IPO has been in a cold phase since the late 1990s and this has coincided with a decrease in the potential predictability of the EASM, which has posed a severe challenge to the seasonal forecasting of the EASM in recent decades. The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐EASM relationship is stronger in the warm phase of the IPO than in the cold phase, resulting in an enhanced influence of the ENSO on the EASM and a stronger external signal of predictability for the EASM in the warm phase of the IPO. Changes in the ENSO‐EASM relationship can be attributed to a significant difference in the amplitude of the variability of the ENSO during the IPO cold and warm phase. The latter was found to have contributions from the modulation of the IPO on the El Niño and La Niña frequency asymmetry. These results imply that the phase of the IPO should be considered when assessing the prediction skill of the EASM.
Evaluation of Eddy Covariance Footprint Models Through the Artificial Line Source Emission of Methane
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liu Gang , Zhang Mi , Sun Yufang , Fang Shuangxi , Zhen Xiaojie , Feng Zhaozhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of footprint models through a line source (LS) system releasing methane (CH4) measured by an eddy covariance (EC) system in a rice‐wheat rotation agro‐ecosystem. Two footprint models namely Kormann and Meixner (KM) and Flux Footprint Prediction (FFP), are used. The “line source width (LW)” was introduced, which could highly impact the model estimation, leading to an error of ∼500% for the FFP and ∼200% for the KM. The surface roughness length (z0) also affects the FFP estimation, which is much weaker than the effect of LW with a 15% error. An overestimation of 217.8% is observed when the LS is close to the EC system, which reduces to 12.2% when the source stays distant. The analysis of different experimental configurations illustrated that the estimated emission calculated based on footprint model improves with increasing emission height, averaging period, and emission rate. The most accurate estimations are achieved by the configurations of canopy level (CL; 5.5% overestimation), 15 min averaging period (1% underestimation), and moderate emission (ME; 1.9% underestimation), respectively. For KM, the CL‐ME‐30 min setup leads to the best performance, while SL (soil level)‐ME‐15 min is the best configuration for the FFP estimation. A multivariate regression model is proposed to provide preliminary guidance for the footprint model application. The designed LS system is valuable for validating the performance of flux measurements in the specific ecosystems (e.g., grassland, sand land, and forest) as well as other greenhouse gases (e.g., N2O and NH3).
The Role of Mid‐latitude Westerly Jet in the Impacts of November Ural Blocking on Early‐Winter Warmer Arctic‐Colder Eurasia Pattern
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun , Outten Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on statistical analysis using observations and idealized model simulations, previous studies have revealed the potential response of early‐winter atmospheric circulation and temperature anomalies to November Ural blocking (UB) anomalies. Using a large number of coupled simulations, this study found that the response is sensitive to the intensity of November mid‐latitude westerly jet over Eurasia. Stronger‐than‐normal November UB without a significantly weakened westerly jet could not cause significant atmospheric response in early‐winter. By contrast, stronger‐than‐normal November UB with a significantly weakened jet would be followed by a warmer Arctic‐colder Eurasia (WACE) pattern in December. The significantly weakened westerly jet favors stronger upward propagation of planetary waves, which causes stronger weakening and longer persistence of the stratospheric polar vortex. This stratospheric response persists into December and propagates downward into the troposphere interfering with planetary waves (especially wavenumber‐1). The lead‐lag UB‐WACE linkage modulated by mid‐latitude jet may have implications for sub‐seasonal predictability.
Atmospheric Radiative and Oceanic Biological Productivity Responses to Increasing Anthropogenic Combustion‐Iron Emission in the 1850–2010 Period
Authors: Rathod S. D. , Hamilton D. S. , Li L. , Mahowald N. M. , Matsui H. , Pierce J. R. , Bond T. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic emission is an important component of the present‐day iron cycle yet its long‐term impacts on climate are poorly understood. Iron mineralogy strongly affects its radiative and oceanic interactions and was unrepresented in previous studies. We perform simulations using a mineralogy‐based inventory and an atmospheric transport model and estimate the 1850–2010 global mean direct radiative forcing (DRF) to be +0.02 to +0.10 W/m2. We estimate that the CO2 sequestration of 0.2–13 ppmv over the last 150 years due to enhanced phytoplankton productivity by anthropogenic iron deposition causes an avoided CO2 forcing of −0.002 to −0.16 W/m2. While globally small, these impacts can be higher in specific regions; the anthropogenic DRF is +0.5 W/m2 over areas with more coal combustion and metal smelting, and anthropogenic soluble iron sustains >10% of marine net primary productivity in the high‐latitude North Pacific Ocean, a region vulnerable to stratification due to climate change.
Elastic Anomalies Across the α‐β Phase Transition in Orthopyroxene: Implication for the Metastable Wedge in the Cold Subduction Slab
Authors: Li Luo , Sun Ningyu , Shi Weigang , Mao Zhu , Yu Yingxin , Zhang Yanyao , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle‐crystal elasticity of both α‐ and β‐orthopyroxene was determined up to 20 GPa and 300 K by Brillouin scattering. Using the derived full elastic moduli (Cij), we investigated the contribution of the metastable pyroxene to the seismically observed 3%–5% low‐velocity anomalies along the subducting slab in the top transition zone. Our modeled results show that a harzburgite wedge with a 1000‐K colder geotherm and metastable α‐orthopyroxene and olivine displays compressional (VP) and shear‐wave (VS) velocities 3.0%–3.6(6)% and 2.0%–2.8(6)% lower than the surrounding mantle at 410–460 km depth, respectively. At deeper depth up to 520 km, VP and VS of this metastable wedge with β‐orthopyroxene and olivine are 3.6%–4.4(6)% and 2.8%–4.3(6)% lower than the pyrolitic mantle, respectively. The presence of both metastable orthopyroxene and olivine instead of metastable olivine alone helps better explain the origin of the low‐velocity anomalies within the subduction slab in the top transition zone.
Three‐Dimensional Measurements of Air Entrainment and Enhanced Bubble Transport During Wave Breaking
Authors: Ruth Daniel J. , Néel Baptiste , Erinin Martin A. , Mazzatenta Megan , Jaquette Robert , Veron Fabrice , Deike Luc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the depth distributions and dynamics of air bubbles entrained by breaking waves in a wind‐wave channel over a range of breaking wave conditions using high‐resolution imaging and three‐dimensional bubble tracking. Below the wave troughs, the bubble concentration decays exponentially with depth. Patches of entrained bubbles are identified for each breaking wave, and statistics describing the horizontal and vertical transport are presented. Aggregating our results, we find a stream‐wise transport faster than the associated Stokes drift and modified Stokes drift for buoyant particles, which is an effect not accounted for in current models of bubble transport. This enhancement in transport is attributed to the flow field induced by the breaking waves and is relevant for the transport of bubbles, oil droplets, and microplastics at the ocean surface.
Seismic Evidence for Crustal Modification Across the Tanlu Fault Zone in Eastern China
Authors: Lü Ziqiang , Lei Jianshe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe continental collision and subduction between the North China Craton and Yangtze Plate resulted in complex multistage tectonic episodes of the Tanlu fault zone. To adequately understand the geodynamic processes of the continental collision, we construct a high‐resolution shear‐wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle using full‐wave ambient noise tomographic method based on a new broadband dense seismic array across the Tanlu fault zone. Our tomographic model reveals the uniquely alternating high‐velocity and low‐velocity anomalies from the lower crust to uppermost mantle across the Tanlu fault zone, which may result from the vertical slab tear of the subducted Yangtze Plate and the subsequent upwelling of hot asthenospheric materials. A prominent mid‐crustal detachment zone is observed along the Tanlu fault zone, which provides direct seismic evidence for the Tanlu fault zone that occurred strongly left‐lateral shearing deformation and may influence the uneven distribution of the strong earthquakes.
“Double Door” Opening of the Japan Sea Inferred by Pn Attenuation Tomography
Authors: Yang Geng , Zhao Lian‐Feng , Xie Xiao‐Bi , He Xi , Lü Yan , Yao Zhen‐Xing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe extension of back‐arc basins and formation of marginal seas following the subduction of oceanic lithosphere are usually attributed to the rollback of subducting slabs and distorted mantle convection. However, for the Japan Sea, the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific, its opening is unlikely only resulted from the subduction of the Pacific plate because of the coeval Philippine plate subduction and the arcuate arc volcanic zone. Therefore, the present‐day thermal structure in the uppermost mantle, which can be directly constrained by strong Pn‐wave attenuation, plays a vital role in understanding the Japan Sea opening. Here, we observe two belts of strong Pn attenuation beneath the Japan Sea; their strikes are generally consistent with local Pn anisotropy and the retreat directions of the Pacific and Philippine trenches. Hence, there seem to be two divergent mantle flows in the uppermost mantle, pushing a “double door” for the Japan Sea opening.
Wake Vortices and Dissipation in a Tidally Modulated Flow Past a Three‐Dimensional Topography
Authors: Puthan Pranav , Pawlak Geno , Sarkar Sutanu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLarge eddy simulations are employed to investigate the role of tidal modulation strength on wake vortices and dissipation in flow past three‐dimensional topography, specifically a conical abyssal hill. The barotropic current is of the form Uc + Ut sin(Ωtt), where Uc and Ut are the mean and oscillatory components, respectively, and Ωt is the tidal frequency. A regime with strong stratification and weak rotation is considered. The velocity ratio R = Ut/Uc is varied from 0 to 1. Simulation results show that the frequency of wake vortices reduces gradually with increasing R from its natural shedding frequency at R = 0 to Ωt/2 when R ≥ 0.2. The ratio of R and the excursion number, denoted as , controls the shift in the vortex frequency. When , vortices are trapped in the wake during tidal deceleration, extending the vortex shedding cycle to two tidal cycles. Elevated dissipation rates in the obstacle lee are observed in the lateral shear layer, hydraulic jet, and the near wake. The regions of strong dissipation are spatially intermittent, with values exceeding during the maximum‐velocity phase, where D is the base diameter of the hill. The maximum dissipation rate during the tidal cycle increases monotonically with R in the downstream wake. Additionally, the normalized area‐integrated dissipation rate in the hydraulic response region scales with R as (1 + R)4. Results show that the wake dissipation energetically dominates the internal wave flux in this class of low‐Froude number geophysical flows.
Estimation of the Global Distribution of Phytoplankton Light Absorption From Pigment Concentrations
Authors: Soja‐Woźniak Monika , Clementson Lesley , Wojtasiewicz Bożena , Baird Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight absorption by phytoplankton drives marine primary production and determines ocean color. Phytoplankton absorption is a function of the pigment composition, wavelength, intracellular pigment concentration, and the cells' type. This paper presents phytoplankton absorption spectra reconstructed from in situ pigment concentration and a library of pigment‐specific absorption coefficients from 32 individual pigment standards, including chlorophylls, caretonoids and phycobilins. The samples dominated by small phytoplankton show no significant difference between calculated absorption and that measured by a spectrophotometer. The component of absorption due to large cells, determined by diagnostic pigments analysis, required correction for the package effect. For the global ocean, the reconstructed phytoplankton absorption was overestimated by 16% at 443 nm and underestimated by 13% over the range between 400 and 700 nm. Following our reconstruction protocol, this approach allows the estimation of phytoplankton absorption spectra from many locations where pigment concentration has been measured, but no directly observed phytoplankton absorption measurements are available.
Dissolved Methane in the World's Largest Semi‐Enclosed Estuarine System: The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada)
Authors: Li Y. , Xie H. , Scarratt M. G. , Damm E. , Galbraith P. S. , Lambert N. , Geng L. , Wallace D. W. R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report the first water‐column dissolved methane data set from the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL). Per surface‐water methane concentration and sea‐to‐air flux, the upper estuary behaved like a typical shallow macrotidal estuary, while the lower estuary and the gulf resembled outer shelf seas and ocean slopes, respectively. The EGSL emitted 166.3 (71.5–214.4) × 106 mol CH4 year−1 to the atmosphere, representing 0.3% (0.1%–0.4%) of the total emission from global estuarine environments. A net production of 11.7 × 107 mol CH4 year−1 was required to sustain this emission. Methane distributions in the upper estuary were dominated by physical mixing, while those in the lower estuary and the gulf bore characteristic subsurface maxima and deep minima shedding light on the methane consumption and production pathways. Elevated but highly variable near‐bottom methane concentrations (10.4–695.3 nmol L−1) transpired over pockmarks on the seabed of the lower estuary, inferring an upward diffusive flux of up to ∼700 mmol CH4 m2 d−1. Hypoxia in the lower estuary bottom water had little influence on methane concentrations. Lab incubations yielded methane cycling rates from a net production of 0.0068 nmol L−1 d−1 to net consumption with turnover times of 33.3–263 days. Methane in the EGSL was isotopically enriched with 13C (δ13CCH4: −40.9‰ to −27.4‰ relative to Peedee Belemnite). This study reveals that the EGSL is a smaller proportional contributor to methane emission from estuarine environments and that complex physical‐biogeochemical interactions control methane cycling and isotopic composition in this vast estuarine system.
Effects of Fire Diurnal Variation and Plume Rise on U.S. Air Quality During FIREX‐AQ and WE‐CAN Based on the Multi‐Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICAv0)
Authors: Tang Wenfu , Emmons Louisa K. , Buchholz Rebecca R. , Wiedinmyer Christine , Schwantes Rebecca H. , He Cenlin , Kumar Rajesh , Pfister Gabriele G. , Worden Helen M. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Apel Eric C. , Tilmes Simone , Gaubert Benjamin , Martinez‐Alonso Sara‐Eva , Lacey Forrest , Holmes Christopher D. , Diskin Glenn S. , Bourgeois Ilann , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B. , Hair Johnathan W. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Montzka Denise D. , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Campos Teresa L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyze the effects of the diurnal cycle of fire emissions (DCFE) and plume rise on U.S. air quality using the MUSICAv0 (Multi‐Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols Version 0) model during the FIREX‐AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) and WE‐CAN (Western wildfire Experiment for Cloud chemistry, Aerosol absorption and Nitrogen) field campaigns. To include DCFE in the model, we employ two approaches: a DCFE climatology and DCFE derived from a satellite fire radiative power product. We also implemented two sets of plume‐rise climatologies, and two plume‐rise parameterizations. We evaluate the model performance with airborne measurements, U.S. EPA Air Quality System surface measurements, and satellite products. Overall, including plume rise improves model agreement with observations such as aircraft observations of CO and NOx for FIREX‐AQ and WE‐CAN. Applying DCFE also improves model performance, such as for surface PM2.5 in fire‐impacted regions. The impact of plume rise is larger than the impact of DCFE. Plume rise can greatly enhance modeled long‐range transport of fire‐emitted pollutants. The simulations with plume‐rise parameterizations generally perform better than the simulations with plume‐rise climatologies during FIREX‐AQ, but not for WE‐CAN. The 2019 Williams Flats Fire case study demonstrates that DCFE and plume rise change fire impacts because fire emissions are subject to different meteorology and chemistry when emitted at different times of a day and altitudes. Moreover, DCFE and plume rise also impact local‐to‐regional meteorology and chemical reaction rates. DCFE and plume rise will be included in future MUSICA versions.
Water Vapor Flux‐Profile Relationship in the Stable Boundary Layer Over the Sea Surface
Authors: Ma Yubin , Cheng Xueling , Li Qilong , Wu Lin , Zeng Qingcun , Jin Jiangbo , Shao Shiyong , Li Junmin , Han Chenghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComprehensive marine atmospheric turbulence observation data, meteorological sounding and sea surface conditions in the South China Sea were employed to analyze and parameterize the vapor profile in the stable marine atmospheric boundary layer. The observations involved a three‐dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, water vapor carbon dioxide analyzer, radiosonde, and buoy. This paper theoretically determined that the water vapor profile function φq differs from the temperature profile function φh and that φq should be independently parameterized. A linear relationship existed between the dimensionless water vapor gradient and stability parameters based on the observation results, and φq was then obtained as φq(z/L) = az/L + b, in which the stability covered the stability range (z/L > 1). This result was applied in the Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere Coupled‐Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment bulk flux algorithm, and the simulation of the latent heat flux was improved.
Vegetation Index‐Based Partitioning of Evapotranspiration Is Deficient in Grazed Systems
Authors: Raghav Pushpendra , Wagle Pradeep , Kumar Mukesh , Banerjee Tirtha , Neel James P. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPartitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into its primary components, that is, evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (T), is needed in a range of hydrometeorological applications. Using vegetation index (VI) to obtain spatially resolved T:ET ratio over large areas has emerged as a promising approach in this regard. Here, we assess the effectiveness of this approach in differently managed wheat systems. Results show a weak relation between T:ET and VI in disturbed (i.e., grazed) systems. Furthermore, flux partition based on a canonical T:ET versus VI relation or the relation derived in a neighboring undisturbed wheat system introduce large errors in disturbed systems, thus underscoring the limits on the transferability of the VI‐based ET partitioning approach. The effectiveness of the VI‐based approach is found to be related to the strength of correlation between VI and vapor pressure deficit and/or radiation. This correlation metric can help identify settings where the approach is likely to be effective.
A proof of concept for targeting the PrPC - Amyloid β peptide interaction in basal prostate cancer and mesenchymal colon cancer
Authors: Mouillet-Richard Sophie , Martin-Lannerée Séverine , Le Corre Delphine , Hirsch Théo Z. , Ghazi Alexandre , Sroussi Marine , Pilati Camilla , de Reyniès Aurélien , Djouadi Fatima , Vodovar Nicolas , Launay Jean-Marie , Laurent-Puig Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cellular prion protein PrPC partners with caveolin-1 (CAV1) in neurodegenerative diseases but whether this interplay occurs in cancer has never been investigated. By leveraging patient and cell line datasets, we uncover a molecular link between PrPC and CAV1 across cancer. Using cell-based assays, we show that PrPC regulates the expression of and interacts with CAV1. PrPC additionally controls the expression of the amyloid precursor protein APP and of the Aβ generating enzyme BACE1, and regulates the levels of Aβ, whose accumulation is a central event in Alzheimer’s disease. We further identify DKK1 and DKK3, involved in both Alzheimer’s disease and cancer progression, as targets of the PrPC-dependent axis. Finally, we establish that antibody-mediated blocking of the Aβ-PrPC interaction delays the growth of prostate cancer cell line-derived xenografts and prevents the development of metastases. Our data additionally support an enrichment of the Aβ-PrPC-dependent pathway in the basal subtype of prostate cancer, associated with anti-hormonal therapy resistance, and in mesenchymal colon cancer, associated with poor prognosis. Thus, based on a parallel with neurodegenerative diseases, our results bring to light an Aβ-PrPC axis and support the potential of targeting this pathway in patients with selected subtypes of prostate and colon cancer.
A miR-34a-guided, tRNAiMet-derived, piR_019752-like fragment (tRiMetF31) suppresses migration and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells via targeting PFKFB3
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Dongping , Ilnytskyy Yaroslav , Kovalchuk Igor , Kovalchuk Olga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough we recently demonstrated that miR-34a directly targets tRNAiMet precursors via Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-mediated cleavage, consequently attenuating the proliferation of breast cancer cells, whether tRNAiMet fragments derived from this cleavage influence breast tumor angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, using small-RNA-Seq, we identified a tRNAiMet-derived, piR_019752-like 31-nt fragment tRiMetF31 in breast cancer cells expressing miR-34a. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) as a potential target of tRiMrtF31, which was validated by luciferase assay. tRiMetF31 was downregulated, whereas PFKFB3 was overexpressed in cancer cell lines. Overexpression of tRiMetF31 profoundly inhibited the migration and angiogenesis of two breast cancer cell lines while slightly inducing apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of tRiMetF31 restored PFKFB3-driven angiogenesis. miR-34a was downregulated, whereas tRNAiMet and PFKFB3 were upregulated in breast cancer, and elevated PFKFB3 significantly correlated with metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that tRiMetF31 profoundly suppresses angiogenesis by silencing PFKFB3, presenting a novel target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.