bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: rectal hyposensitivity in patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome and constipation—authors' reply
Authors: Fikree Asma , Vollebregt Paul F. , Choudhary Anisa , Aziz Qasim , Scott S. Mark 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Choudhary et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17104 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17134
Renal impairment and DPD testing: Watch out for false‐positive results!
Authors: Carriat Laure , Quaranta Sylvie , Solas Caroline , Rony Maelle , Ciccolini Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Measuring uracil (U) levels in plasma is a convenient surrogate to establish dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) status in patients scheduled with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or capecitabine. To what extent renal impairment could impact on U levels and thus be a confounding factor is a rising concern. Here, we report the case of a cancer patient with severe renal impairment scheduled for 5‐FU‐based regimen. Determination of his DPD status was complicated because of his condition and the influence of intermittent haemodialysis when monitoring U levels. The patient was initially identified as markedly DPD‐deficient upon U measurement (i.e., U = 40 ng/mL), but further monitoring between and immediately after dialysis showed mild deficiency only (i.e., U = 34 and U = 19 ng/mL, respectively). Despite this discrepancy, a starting dose of 5‐FU was cut by 50% upon treatment initiation. Tolerance was good and 5‐FU dosing was next shifted to 25% reduction, then further shifted to normal dosing at the 5th course, with still no sign for drug‐related toxicities. Further DPYD genotyping showed none of the four allelic variants usually associated with loss of DPD activity. Of note, the excellent tolerance upon standard dosing strongly suggests that this patient was actually not DPD‐deficient, despite U values always above normal concentrations. This case report highlights how critical is the information regarding the renal function of patients with cancer when phenotyping DPD using U plasma as a surrogate, and that U accumulation in patients with such condition is likely to yield false‐positive results.
Asset integration and risk‐taking in the laboratory
Authors: Morrison William G. , Oxoby Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report on a laboratory experiment designed to assess risk preferences in a decision environment where real losses can occur. Specifically, we utilize an asset integration protocol designed to ensure that cash provided to treatment group participants by the experimenter is fully integrated into each individual's wealth. This cash is placed at stake in an incentivized risk‐preference elicitation task based on the well‐known Holt and Laury (2002, 2005) methodology. Our experimental design allows us to distinguish between the predictions of expected utility and prospect theory. We find that features consistent with expected utility theory, constant relative risk aversion and rank dependent expected utility functions, are insufficient to explain our experimental results. However, preference functions based on prospect theory, accounting specifically for loss aversion, capture the observed behaviour of participants in the experiment.
Overheard evaluative comments: Implications for beliefs about effort and ability
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Yingying , Qin Wen , Amemiya Jamie , Fang Fang , Compton Brian J. , Heyman Gail D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research examined the effects of overhearing an adult praise an unseen child for not needing to work hard on an academic task. Five‐year‐old Han Chinese children (total N = 270 across three studies; 135 boys, collected 2020–2021) who heard this low effort praise tended to devalue effort relative to a baseline condition in which the overheard conversation lacked evaluative content. In Study 3, low effort praise increased children's endorsement of essentialist beliefs about ability and their interest in becoming the kind of person who does not need to work hard to succeed. The findings show that overhearing evaluative comments about other people, a pervasive feature of daily life, can have a systematic effect on young children's beliefs about achievement.
Connectivity of corticostriatal circuits in nonmanifesting LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P carriers
Authors: Zhang Dongling , Yao Junye , Ma Jinghong , Gao Linlin , Sun Junyan , Fang Jiliang , He Hongjian , Wu Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies have shown that the functional connectivity (FC) of corticostriatal circuits in nonmanifesting leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation carriers mirrors neural changes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast, neural network changes in LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P mutations are unclear. We aimed to investigate the FC of corticostriatal circuits in nonmanifesting LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P mutation carriers (NMCs).MethodsTwenty‐three NMCs, 28 PD patients, and 29 nonmanifesting noncarriers (NMNCs) were recruited. LRRK2 mutation analysis was performed on all participants. Clinical evaluation included MDS‐UPDRS.ResultsWhen compared to NMNCs, NMCs showed significantly reduced FC between the caudate nucleus and superior frontal gyrus and cerebellum, and between the nucleus accumbens and parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, and insula. We also found increased striatum‐cortical FC in NMCs.ConclusionsAlthough the corticostriatal circuits have characteristic changes similar to PD, the relatively intact function of the sensorimotor striatum‐cortical loop may result in less possibility of developing parkinsonian motor symptoms for the NMCs. This study helps explain why LRRK2 G2385R and R1628P mutations are risk factors rather than pathogenic mutations for PD and suggests that various LRRK2 mutations have distinct effects on neural networks.
Everyday Parameters for Episode‐to‐Episode Dynamics in the Daily Music of Infancy
Authors: Mendoza Jennifer K. , Fausey Caitlin M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExperience‐dependent change pervades early human development. Though trajectories of developmental change have been well charted in many domains, the episode‐to‐episode schedules of experiences on which they are hypothesized to depend have not. Here, we took up this issue in a domain known to be governed in part by early experiences: music. Using a corpus of longform audio recordings, we parameterized the daily schedules of music encountered by 35 infants ages 6–12 months. We discovered that everyday music episodes, as well as the interstices between episodes, typically persisted less than a minute, with most daily schedules also including some very extended episodes and interstices. We also discovered that infants encountered music episodes in a bursty rhythm, rather than a periodic or random rhythm, over the day. These findings join a suite of recent discoveries from everyday vision, motor, and language that expand our imaginations beyond artificial learning schedules and enable theorists to model the history‐dependence of developmental process in ways that respect everyday sensory histories. Future theories about how infants build knowledge across multiple episodes can now be parameterized using these insights from infants’ everyday lives.
The risks and rewards of community science for threatened species monitoring
Authors: Soroye Peter , Edwards Brandon P. M. , Buxton Rachel T. , Ethier Jeffrey P. , Frempong‐Manso Acacia , Keefe Hannah E. , Berberi Albana , Roach‐Krajewski Maisy , Binley Allison D. , Vincent Jaimie G. , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Cooke Steven J. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFinding ways of efficiently monitoring threatened species can be critical to effective conservation. The global proliferation of community science (also called citizen science) programs, like iNaturalist, presents a potential alternative or complement to conventional threatened species monitoring. Using a case study of ~700,000 observations of >10,000 IUCN Red List Threatened species within iNaturalist observations, we illustrate the potential risks and rewards of using community science to monitor threatened species. Poor data quality and risks of sending untrained volunteers to sample species that are sensitive to disturbance or harvesting are key barriers to overcome. Yet community science can expand the breadth of monitoring at little extra cost, while indirectly benefiting conservation through outreach and education. We conclude with a list of actionable recommendations to further mitigate the risks and capitalize on the rewards of community science as a threatened species monitoring tool.
Black Economic Empowerment and Quota Allocations in South Africa's Industrial Fisheries
Authors: Vilakazi Thando , Ponte Stefano 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPower asymmetries in the governance of value chains mean that inequalities in access to resources and share of value added are skewed against smaller players. Policies enforcing market rules and ensuring fairness are ineffective when power is deeply entrenched, necessitating different rules to address such inequalities. South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies and competition laws target economic redress and inclusion of historically disadvantaged people in business ownership and control of economic activities. BEE criteria have been embedded in many industry charters and implementation codes, and competition law is well established and effectively implemented. Yet, the impacts of these instruments have been limited and slow, especially in sectors where a few companies dominate. This article examines the interactions between value chain dynamics and industrial fishery quota allocations, BEE policy and competition dynamics in the hake deep‐sea trawl fishery sector. It shows that, even in one of the most regulated sectors of South Africa's economy, large incumbents retain a disproportionate amount of power vis‐à‐vis smaller players. The article concludes that if rules protect incumbency, inequality will be sustained. Quota allocations, transformation and competition regulation should go hand in hand to facilitate the effective participation of black‐owned businesses as competitors in value chains.
Greed and fear: Competitive and charitable priming in a threshold volunteer's dilemma
Authors: Mago Shakun D. , Pate Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the “k‐volunteer's dilemma” benefit accrues to all members if at least k members volunteer, and receive nothing otherwise. We use experiments to examine (a) volunteering behavior when threshold k increases from 1 to 2, and (b) whether volunteering behavior shifts toward norms associated with one of two primed identities—charitable or competitive. We find that increasing the threshold increases an individual's probability of volunteering, but the likelihood of good provision is lower. Neither priming affects volunteering behavior when k = 1, but competitive priming effectively increases volunteering when k = 2. Both greed and fear of non‐provision appear to affect volunteering.
Presidential Address1 and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2022
Authors: Clifford Nigel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the Society's 191st Annual General M, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Nigel Clifford offered some thoughts on the value of geography today and presented his ambitions for his presidency of the society. In particular, he reflected on the skills that geography provides for all industries and workplaces, and the need to make the Society both more representative of the wider community, and more agile so that it can respond to, and remain relevant within, the changing world that surrounds us.
Long‐term changes in aberrant DNA methylation and gastritis after Helicobacter pylori eradication focused on metachronous gastric cancer
Authors: Tanaka Ikko , Ono Shoko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Oikawa Ritsuko , Matsumoto Shogo , Kubo Marina , Nishimura Yusuke , Shimoda Yoshihiko , Ono Masayoshi , Yamamoto Keiko , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA persistently high methylation level in gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is presumed to be a risk for metachronous gastric cancer (MGC); however, long‐term changes in aberrant DNA methylation and histological gastritis have been unclear. Our aim was to examine changes in DNA methylation and histological gastritis according to the occurrence of MGC.MethodsSubjects were classified into three groups: 25 patients in whom MGCs occurred after the initial endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer and H. pylori eradication (MGC group), 17 patients in whom MGC did not occur for more than 5 years after the initial ER and H. pylori eradication (non‐MGC group) and 29 patients without a history of gastric cancer who succeeded in eradication more than 5 years ago (HP group). Aberrance of DNA methylation in three genes (miR‐124a‐3, EMX1, NKX6‐1) and histological score of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were evaluated using biopsy samples before and more than a mean of 5 years after H. pylori eradication. Also, the mean Z‐score was calculated using Z‐score values of the three genes.ResultsThe methylation level of miR‐124a‐3 in the HP group and non‐MGC group and that of EMX1 in the HP group significantly decreased in the long term after eradication. In the MGC group, H. pylori eradication did not improve aberrant methylation, and the mean Z‐score significantly increased. There were significant positive correlations between methylation levels in miR‐124a‐3 and EMX1 and histological findings after eradication.ConclusionsA persistently high methylation level after H. pylori eradication reflected precancerous mucosal conditions and led to long‐term MGC.
Serum angiopoietin‐2 levels predict regression of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer‐based liver fibrosis after hepatitis C virus eradication by direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Matsuura Kentaro , Nagura Yoshihito , Ogawa Shintaro , Fujiwara Kei , Nojiri Shunsuke , Watanabe Takehisa , Kataoka Hiromi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimIt is desirable to identify predictors of regression of liver fibrosis after achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) by direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to antihepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. Here, we retrospectively investigated the serum angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) level as a predictive indicator of regression of liver fibrosis after successful HCV eradication by DAA therapy.MethodsThe study subjects were recruited from a historical cohort of 109 chronically HCV‐infected patients who had achieved SVR by DAA therapy and whose serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels at baseline (before DAA therapy) were ≥2.0 the cut‐off index (COI). We defined patients with M2BPGi levels <1.76 and ≥1.76 COI at 2 years after the end of treatment (EOT) as the regression (R, n = 69) and nonregression (NR, n = 40) groups, respectively.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that the Ang‐2 level at baseline and the Ang‐2 level, albumin–bilirubin score, and FIB‐4 index at 24 weeks after the EOT were significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the Ang‐2 level at 24 weeks after the EOT had the largest area under the curve values (0.859). The same results were obtained even when the serum M2BPGi levels were aligned by propensity score matching and in patients with advanced M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis: M2BPGi levels ≥3.3 COI at baseline.ConclusionsThe serum Ang‐2 level at 24 weeks after the EOT is a feasible predictor of regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis after achieving SVR by DAA therapy.
Serum levels of immunoglobulin M‐free inhibitors of macrophage/CD5L as a predictive and early diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Okanoue Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Shima Toshihide , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Mizuno Masayuki , Katayama Takayuki , Seko Yuya , Moriguchi Michihisa , Umemura Atsushi , Itoh Yoshito , Miyazaki Toru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is usually associated with the immunoglobulin M (IgM) pentamer in the blood and is dissociated from IgM in various diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to elucidate whether IgM‐free AIM (fAIM) is useful for detecting latent HCC in NASH.MethodsThis research consisted of two cohort studies. The levels of serum fAIM, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and des‐gamma carboxy prothrombin (DCP) of 18 NASH patients who developed HCC were measured during the follow‐up period before HCC diagnosis (median, 4.7 years). In total, 199 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were included in the HCC survey. The serum fAIM levels were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsIn the cohort of 18 patients with HCC, 12 had high fAIM at the time of the initial blood sample, three had normal fAIM levels throughout the follow‐up period, and three had fAIM elevated from normal to positive. The positive ratio of fAIM prior to HCC diagnosis remained significantly higher than that of AFP and DCP, and the fAIM ratio gradually increased. In a survey of 199 non‐HCC NAFLD patients, a Cox regression analysis using independent variables, such as AFP, fAIM, age, albumin, bilirubin, and fibrosis stage, revealed that fAIM and AFP were significantly associated with the incidence of HCC.ConclusionsDuring the development of NASH‐HCC, AIM activation in blood appears to start even before HCC is diagnostically detectable. Thus, the serum IgM‐free AIM levels could be a new, sensitive biomarker for latent NASH‐HCC.
UNTHEORIZING DISCOURSE
Authors: Feldman Karen S. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA New Philosophy of Discourse: Language Unbound, by Joshua Kates, examines a range of philosophical, literary, and literary‐theoretical approaches in attempting to formulate a view of language sheerly as individual events. Kates considers works from philosophers including Martin Heidegger and Hans‐Georg Gadamer in the Continental tradition; Donald Davidson and W. V. O. Quine in the analytic tradition of philosophy of language; and such “crossovers” (an arguable categorization) as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Stanley Cavell, Cora Diamond, and Martha Nussbaum. The book also investigates the work of literary scholars including Mary Poovey, Charles Altieri, Paul de Man, Walter Benn Michaels, and Steven Knapp, among others. In each instance, the thinkers under scrutiny offer some support for the new philosophy of discourse that Kates proposes but fall short of the radicality of his anti‐foundational, anti‐structural approach. Kates coins the term “talk!” as a way to refer to language in an anti‐foundational vein. The new philosophy of “talk!” proposed here emphasizes the shortcomings of the wide range of authors with respect to thinking of language as only its instances, begging the question of what avenues of thought the new philosophy opens.
HAYDEN WHITE'S ENTHUSIASM FOR HEGEL
Authors: CHEN HSIN‐CHIH 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis article traces the formation of Hayden White's chapter on Hegel in Metahistory by comparing it with his earlier essay titled “Hegel: Historicism as Tragic Realism.” It also analyzes White's review of George Armstrong Kelly's Idealism, Politics and History and White's well‐known essay titled “The Burden of History.” This article argues that White's main concerns in his review essay and in Metahistory were (1) to respond to the existentialist challenge, posed especially by Camus, that history does not matter and (2) to use Hegel to articulate an answer regarding how historical consciousness and action can be combined. White created his version of Hegel early in “Hegel: Historicism as Tragic Realism” by absorbing (probably) Josiah Royce's interpretation of the Absolute and (more certainly) Erich Auerbach's idea of tragic realism. However, White's idea of tragedy, which focuses on the consequences of action, is not the same as Auerbach's idea, which concerns treating the psychological depth of characters seriously. In his review of Idealism, Politics and History and in Metahistory, White further injected the Kantian philosophy of history—as interpreted by Lucien Goldmann and Lewis White Beck—into Hegel's idea of tragedy and comedy. In doing so, White affirmed the philosophical activist's ability not only to recognize the tragic circumstance of the past and the present but also to hold on to the hope for a better, comic future.
Gender‐Based Differences in Academic Achievement in a University Design Program
Authors: Crowther Philip , Briant Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a significant amount of research into gender differences in academic performance in the science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) fields. This has identified important differences between the academic achievement of men and women as measured through grade point averages and time to completion. However, the specific STEM fields of design have not been thoroughly explored. This research investigates the long‐term academic performance of a large group of architecture, industrial design, interior design and landscape architecture students at a major Australian university. The study followed the progress of 472 students over an 11‐year period. In most fields the academic achievement of students follows expected patterns; the difference in academic grades for male and female students reduces over time. However, in interior design, there are significant differences that increase with time, to the favour of women. A range of social, cultural and contextual influences are discussed including the signature pedagogy of the design studio and the hidden curriculum of design education.
Optimal cut‐off value for endocardial bipolar voltage mapping using a multipoint mapping catheter to characterize the scar regions described in cardio—CT with myocardial thinning
Authors: Ene Elena , Halbfaß Philipp , Nentwich Karin , Sonne Kai , Berkovitz Artur , Cochet Hubert , Jais Pierre , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Foldyna Borek , Deneke Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate whether the current standard voltage cut‐off of <0.5 for dense scar definition on endocardial bipolar voltage mapping (EBVM), using a high‐resolution multipoint mapping catheter with microelectrodes (HRMMC), correctly identifies the actual scar area described on CT with myocardial thinning (CT MT).MethodsForty patients (39 men; 67.0 ± 9.0 y/o) with a history of transmural myocardial infarction (mean time interval since MI 15.0 ± 7.9 years) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were consecutively enrolled. A CT MT was performed in each patient before VT ablation. The CT MT 3D anatomical model, including MT layers, was merged with the 3D electroanatomical and EBVM. Different predefined cut‐off settings for scar definition on EBVM were used to identify the optimal ones, which showed the best overlap in terms of scar area with the different MT layers.ResultsA cut‐off value of <0.2 mV demonstrated the best correlation in terms of scar area with the 2 mm thinning on CT MT (p = .04) and a cut‐off of <1 mV best overlapped with the 5 mm thinning (p = .003). The currently used <0.5 mV cut‐off for scar definition on EBVM proved to be the best area correlation with 3 mm thinning (p = .0002).ConclusionIn order to better identify the real extent of scar areas after transmural MI as described on preprocedural CT MT, higher cut‐off values for scar definition should be applied if the EBVM is performed using a HRMMC.