bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costos para la Región de Arica y Parinacota incurridos por el cumplimiento del Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1904 y otras facilidades concedidas por Chile a Bolivia
Authors: Thomson Ian , Bradanovich Pozo Tomás 
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se describen los costos para la Región de Arica y Parinacota, como consecuencia de la ejecución de las normas del Tratado de Paz y Amistad del año 1904, firmado entre las repúblicas de Chile y Bolivia, además de otros compromisos, no obligatorios, asumidos por Chile a favor de Bolivia. En particular, se presenta la problemática de las dos vías de transporte de carga desde Arica hacia Bolivia: la ruta 11-CH entre Arica y Tambo Quemado y el Ferrocarril Arica-La Paz.
Se ha calculado, en base a información de los años 2001 al 2008, un costo mínimo de US$ 6,12 por tonelada de carga movilizada a través de la Ruta 11-CH. Se muestra el gran aumento de las inversiones en esta ruta, actualmente en ejecución y programadas hasta el año 2023, que significarán costos mucho más altos a futuro. Finalmente, se mencionan otras externalidades negativas no evaluadas monetariamente. Este cálculo no incluye la compensación de almacenamiento por parte del fisco a la empresa concesionaria Terminal Portuaria Arica (TPA) y otros costos para el Estado de Chile, como tarifas preferenciales y exenciones impositivas.
Las fronteras desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional
Authors: Infante Caffi María Teresa 
Published: July 2022

El estudio de la frontera nacional en el Derecho Internacional, abarca un ámbito propio del Estad y su componente territorial. La frase clave según la cual una vez acordado un límite este permanece –en cuanto otra fórmula afectaría el principio de la estabilidad de la frontera−, trae a consideración
cuestiones relativas al título y su consolidación, y al valor de la geografía, la política y la historia en la comprensión del fenómeno limítrofe.
Perception of teachers towards NEP 2020
Authors: Abraham Mathew Saji , Pai Devika Krishna V. , Preetha R. 
Published: July 2022

The NEP 2020 is a visionary policy of the Government of India that promises to transform education for all. NEP 2020 lays impartial to potential of each and every individual and to cultivate ingenuity and skills development. Education is necessary in all aspect of the economy to ensure better growth, employment opportunities, promote innovation, democratic progress, strengthen rule of law, invigorate civic values etc. Teachers are one of the major stakeholders in education. This research is a descriptive study on the perception of college teachers towards the important features of NEP 2020 and brings out suggestions thereby. This study analyses the agreement and disagreement of teachers towards the highlighted features of NEP 2020 on Indian Higher education. Quantitative techniques were used in this analysis and draw conclusion. This research paper analyses the crucial part of policy that aim Indian higher education system like – research culture, use of regional language, privatisation, workload, Establishment of NPST (National Professional Standards for Teachers), training etc. Study is focused on college teachers of southern Kerala and sampling was done through stratified sampling technique.
Approach of analytical quality by design and regulatory need
Authors: Mahapatra Asmita , Meyyanathan S. N. 
Published: July 2022

This paper gives idea about the Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) and describes use of Quality by Design to ensure quality of Pharmaceuticals. Quality cannot be tested into products but quality should be built in by design. The concept of QbD can be extended to analytical methods. The emphasis of AQbD approach is on understanding of the operation and the variables affecting Analytical Methods employed in product development. The variables which affect the output are identified and subjected to thorough risk assessment employing various tools and techniques discussed in the article, after which the variables are optimized. The final method is validated and a control strategy is put in place. Pharmaceutical firms increased the number of product development by using scientific tools such as QbD (Quality by Design). ICH Q11 guidelines clearly discussed QbD approach for API synthesis with examples. It is a current trend among pharmaceutical industry to implement analytical quality by design (AQbD) in method development process as a part of risk management, pharmaceutical development, and pharmaceutical quality system (ICH Q10). QbD has its perspectives to contribute the drug design, development, and manufacture of high-quality drug products.
Colloids and Nanoparticles: Implications for Hydrothermal Precious Metal Ore Formation
Authors: Saunders James A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Research on nanoscale processes is expanding in many scientific and technical disciplines, and economic geology is no exception. The idea that colloidal gold particles (or nanoparticles) may have played a significant role in ore formation was initially based on textural evidence from high-grade epithermal veins. More recently, the discovery of gold nanoparticles in some present-day geothermal systems and several orogenic gold deposits suggests that their formation could be a common process in gold-supersaturated hydrothermal solutions. Rare laboratory studies indicate that gold nanoparticles typically aggregate to form dendritic clusters. Over time, these dendrites perhaps can evolve to form coarser-grained crystals as subsequent annealing and recrystallization occurs. Due to the ephemeral nature and later recrystallization of dendrites, evidence of their former existence is commonly obscured. However, newer nanoscale imaging technologies have resulted in an increased recognition of their presence in hydrothermal gold ores, and thus their role in ore-forming processes merits further research. In particular, does their nucleation and deposition lead to forming higher-grade ores?
Lay Town Court Judges in Nineteenth-Century Finland: The Case of Kuopio and Vaasa
Authors: Vasara-Aaltonen Marianne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines lay judges at the town courts of Kuopio and Vaasa during the nineteenth century. Even after the annexation to Russia in 1809, the Finnish judiciary—traditionally lay-dominated—continued functioning largely in the same way as it had during the Swedish period. This meant, among other things, that laymen continued functioning as judges at small town courts. However, especially during the second half of the century, Finnish society changed in many ways. After the Diet began convening again after 1863, many legal reforms were also carried out, paving the way for legal modernization. This article examines Finnish town court judges in the context of the societal and legal changes of the nineteenth century. The backgrounds and careers of lay judges as well as their activities in the town courts are investigated. Finally, the article argues that despite the budding legal modernization and the profound changes that took place in Finnish society, the changes to the judiciary in small towns remained limited. Laymen continued to play an important role in small town courts, and the cases as well as the legal procedure remained simple.
Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Unexpected Culture-positive Cutibacterium acnes (Formerly Propionibacterium acnes) in Open Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Sanderson Brent R. , Saini Atul , Chiang Emerald , Linton Kristen , Brien Earl W. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The clinical significance and treatment recommendations for an unexpected positive Cutibacterium acnes (C acnes) culture remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a C acnes positive culture in patients undergoing open orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:
Patients with a minimum of one positive C acnes intraoperative culture were retrospectively reviewed over a 7-year period. True C acnes infection was defined as culture isolation from ≥1 specimens in the presence of clinical or laboratory indicators of infection.

Results:
Forty-eight patients had a positive intraoperative C acnes culture. 4.2% had a C acnes monoinfection, and 12.5% of the patients had a coinfection. The remainder was classified as indeterminate. Significant differences were identified between the indeterminate and true C acnes infection groups, specifically in patients with surgery history at the surgical site (P = 0.04), additional antibiotic therapy before surgery (P < 0 .001), and postoperative clinical signs of infection (P < 0 .001).

Discussion:
Suspicion for true C acnes infection should be raised in patients with surgery site history, antibiotic therapy before surgery, and clinical infectious signs. The indeterminate unexpected positive culture patients had a low risk of developing a true clinical infection that required antibiotic therapy.
Patient Experience and Perspective on Medical Cannabis as an Alternative for Musculoskeletal Pain Management
Authors: Mangual-Pérez Danny , Tresgallo-Parés Ruben , Ramírez-González Manuel , Torres-Lugo Norberto J. , Rivera-Dones Asdrúbal , Rivera-Rodríguez Gustavo , Claudio-Marcano Alexandra , Lojo-Sojo Luis 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The current rate of opioid prescription is disquieting because of their high abuse potential, adverse effects, and thousands of overdose deaths. This situation imposes urgency in seeking alternatives for adequate pain management. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the experience and the perceived analgesic efficacy of medical cannabis in managing the pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods:
A 28-question survey was distributed to patients at a major medical cannabis center in Puerto Rico for 2 months. Demographics, medical history, cannabis usage, cannabis use perspective, and analgesic efficacy were assessed in the questionnaire.

Results:
One hundred eighty-four patients completed our survey. The majority (67%) were males, and the participants' average age was 38 years. This study showed an average pain reduction score of 4.02 points on the Numeric Rating Scale among all the participants. Those with musculoskeletal conditions reported a notable average pain reduction score of 4.47 points. In addition, 89% of the participants considered medical cannabis to be more effective than narcotics for adequate pain management.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that the use of medical cannabis among patients with musculoskeletal conditions effectively reduced pain levels based on their Numeric Rating Scale reported scores.
Reproductive Health Knowledge with Academic Context: A Study on Teenaged High School Girls of Pabna municipality
Authors: Begum Mst. Fatema , Md. Awal Kabir  , Islam Md Jahidul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Regarding human development context adolescence period have a significant role in human life. On this time the teenager specially, the teenaged girl has to suffer on some physical change. That means a girl going on development on reproduction. Unconsciousness, shy feeling, use of unhygienic equipment, lack of sharing is responsible for different type of health complexity like; urinary tract infection, cervical cancer, multiple sexually transmitted disease, unwanted pregnancy, toxic shock syndrome etc. If these knowledge and consciousness spreads in adolescent girls in school stage then it can play an important role to eliminate multiple complexity in adolescent period. Healthy knowledge about adolescent period like puberty, sharing, menstruation, maintained sanitary condition, early marriage, sexually transmitted disease etc could be included in text book. In this situation government, effective step can help to reducing adolescent complexity by recruiting well trained teacher. By educating adolescent girls and maintaining healthy relation between teachers and students can contribute to reduce complexity of teenagers. In this context Pabna municipality contained numbers of government and non-government school where teenaged girls (13-19 years) are studying specially 8th to 10thclass girls considered for research respondent and this collected data uphold the scenario of reproductive health knowledge among adolescent girls. On the basis of data analysis finally, a set of recommendations have been made for adolescent girls to reduce reproductive health complexity and maintained sound health at adolescent period.

Keywords: Reproductive health knowledge, academic context, teenager.
ANALISIS KEBAKARAN TANGKI TIMBUN TIPE ALUMINIUM GEODESIC DOME ROOF
Authors: Kukuh wibawa Tatang 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

A Storage tank at oil refinery caught fire on Saturday, November 13, 2021 at 20.00 Wib. The burnt tank with a capacity of about 31,000 kiloliters (kl) was fully filled, the impact caused by the fire was in the form of direct losses, damage to surrounding infrastructure and other losses. The research method is to examine the level of damage to the condition of the storage tank due to fire by examining the parts of the tank to determine the location of the first fire location. The second is to carry out a thorough inspection of data and technical information on the tank, operations and systems. The third is carrying out inspection and data analysis, technical information on the installed tank, testing and measuring in the tank. Then the four carry out an analysis of the fire process and conclude from the overall results of the inspection.The results of the fire/explosion was the ignition of Pertalite type hydrocarbon liquid vapor which had reached the flammable range and the explosion limit in the Northwest Part of the Aluminum Geodesic Dome Roof Tank by a lightning strike which could cause tear/melt on the Aluminum Geodesic Dome Roof and damage to the Seal (Seal Hub Cover Gusset and Batten Gasket Sturt) Tank and the inability of the bounding grounding system of the roof cover to the wall and GT (Ground Tank) 1-8 transferring lightning strike currents.

ABSTRAK

Sebuah tangki pada kilang minyak terbakar pada Sabtu, 13 November 2021 pukul 20.00 Wib. Tangki yang terbakar dengan kapasitas sekitar 31.000 kiloliter (kl) terisi penuh, dampak yang diakibatkan kebakaran berupa kerugian langsung, kerugian infrastruktur sekitar yang terdampak dan kerugian lainnya. Metode penelitian ini pertama melakukan pemeriksaan tingkat kerusakan kondisi tangki timbun akibat kebakaran dengan memeriksa bagian-bagian tangki untuk menentukan lokasi api pertama kebakaran. Kedua melaksanakan pemeriksaan data dan keterangan teknis menyeluruh terhadap tangki, operasional dan sistem nya. Ketiga melaksanakan pemeriksaan dan analisa data keterangan teknis terhadap tangki yang terpasang, pengujian dan pengukuran di tangki. Kemudian keempat melaksanakan analisa proses terjadinya kebakaran dan menyimpulkan dari keseluruhan hasil pemeriksaan. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan penyebab terjadinya kebakaran/ledakan adalah tersulutnya uap cairan hidrokarbon jenis Pertalite yang sudah mencapai batas mudah terbakar (flammable range) dan explosion limit di Bagian Barat Laut pada Aluminium Geodesic Dome Roof Tangki Timbun oleh sambaran petir yang dapat menyebabkan sobekan/pelelehan pada Aluminium Geodesic Dome Roof dan kerusakan pada Seal (Seal Hub Cover Gusset dan Batten Gasket Sturt) Tangki Timbun serta ketidakmampuan sistem bounding grounding tutup atap terhadap dinding GT (Ground Tank) 1-8 dalam mentransfer arus sambaran petir.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Innovation (EDI 2021)
Authors: Deng Xinrong , Wang Pin , Liu Juan 
Published: July 2022

We are delighted to present this Conference Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Innovation (EDI 2021). EDI 2021 was held from December 11-12, 2021 in Hong Kong by Hubei University of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, and Hubei XueErSheng Cultural Communication Co., Ltd.
The aim of EDI conference series is to provide a platform for educators, teachers, policy makers, publishers, scholars, and graduate students, etc. from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in all fields of Economic Development and Innovation. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.
This EDI received 107 manuscripts, and 46 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to EMI, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the conference committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript.
Xinrong Deng (Hubei University of Economics)
Pin Wang (Guangzhou College of Commerce)
Juan Liu (Shandong University of Finance and Economics)
Conference Committees
La evaluación para los Aprendizajes Significativos en Estudiantes de primer año de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Tecnológica de Chile- INACAP
Authors: Millaquén Silvana Marisel 
Published: July 2022

Determinar la presencia de la evaluación para los aprendizajes significativos en estudiantes de primer año de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Tecnológica de Chile INACAP de la Sede Copiapó durante el año 2018. Se aplicó un método con enfoque cuantitativo desde un paradigma positivista, en donde se elaboró una encuesta que se aplicó a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de primer año. Se midió la evaluación para los aprendizajes significativos centrándose en el rol activo de los(as) estudiantes, los tipos de evaluaciones (por agentes y momentos), los tipos de instrumentos de evaluación y los tipos de retroalimentaciones efectivas aplicadas a los(as) estudiantes. Se evidenció el significativo nivel de influencia que tiene el rol de los mismos estudiantes como responsables de sus aprendizajes, de la autoevaluación, de las pruebas como instrumento de evaluación y de la retroalimentación vinculada a la autorregulación. Se comprobó la necesidad de potenciar los niveles de influencia en los aprendizajes significativos enfocados en la relación alumno(a) y profesor(a), las coevaluaciones, las evaluaciones formativas, las rúbricas como instrumentos de evaluación y, por último, potenciar la retroalimentación vinculada al proceso.
COVID-19 status and its prevention among Indonesian adults
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Dewi Setyawati Asih 
Published: July 2022

Background: The world has now impacted by COVID-19. Indonesia is one of the countries predicted to be affected over a longer period. The rapidly screening of COVID-19 status among Indonesians is important to prevent the massive spread of COVID-19.
Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the covid status, and its prevention among Indonesians.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among Indonesians using a web-based survey that was randomly distributed using social media after a year of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indonesia. There were 247 respondents enrolled this study. An emerging COVID-19 tool was utilised for data collection. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were applied with the significance value of 0.05.
Results: From a total of 247 participants, 89 respondents had a travel history to the red zone area of COVID-19. 33% of them felt good but isolating after COVID-19 exposure. Most of them used facemasks (50.2%) and washing hands (36%) as health prevention during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Conclusions: Identification of Covid status is important to prevent COVID-19 exposure.
Effective Training Methodology for BCS (Administration) A COMPARISON OF SOUTH & EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Md Anawar Uj Jaman , Md Shahadat Hossain 
Published: July 2022

Training Methodology is very crucial in view of preparing civil servants to formulate and implement appropriatepolicies of government and also render service to people efficiently and effectively. In spite of having an updatedtraining contents, BCS Administration Academy (BCSAA) cannot ensure an effective training for the officers of BCS(Administration) cadre. It is mostly because of inability of existing training methodologies to engage trainee officials in training. Though present training methods mostly include one-way lecture, exercise, discussion and workshops etc. in black and white, in practice, lecture incorporates a huge portion of teaching trainees. This ineffective method of lecture is against the principle of adult learning and time spaced learning. Consequently, trainees, at the end of training, learn nothing new from five-month long Law and Administration Course (LAC). On the other hand, most of the countries of South-East Asia who have world-class civil servants have brought about a massive change in their training methods. They are no longer dependent on lecture based methods of training rather they have adopted modern training methods. These methods provide them with comparative advantage. In this research, responses from trainees and trainers have been taken through survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews regarding the effectiveness of existing training methods. Most of them irrespective of trainees and trainers were in the same opinion that training methods in use are obsolete, inadequately planned and ineffective. These methods barely help them learning the skills and knowledge needed for the workplace. So, it is a demand of time to restructure the training methods used by BCSAA in LAC and add in most modern methods of training civil servants.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Pengaruhnya terhadap Kompetensi, Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru serta Implikasinya pada Kinerja Guru
Authors: Mahri A Jajang W. 
Published: July 2022

The problem in this study is that the vocational teachers in Indonesia have not been able to demonstrate the adequate work performance. The phenomenon of high and low performance of teachers is predicted by variables that affect it, such as teacher competence, work motivation and job satisfaction, all of which are driven by the variable of principal’s leadership. This study used survey approach with the type of explanation verification research on 366 teachers.
Data analysis and interpretation of the results used descriptive analysis and verification (SEM). The result of descriptive analysis indicate that: (a) task-oriented behavior is more prominent in the leadership of principals than relationship-oriented behavior, (b) Not all teachers have a standard of professional competence, (c) Not all teachers demonstrate aspects of the high valence and instrumentality in supporting their performance, (d) There is still a gap between the actual conditions of high employment and expectations about the job in supporting the performance of teachers, mainly due to the dissatisfaction of teachers with the reward system, (e) The performance of teachers has not been fully demonstrated commitment to students and students’ learning, professional knowledge, teaching practice, leadership and school community, and continued professional learning.
Results of verification analysis show that the principal’s leadership has a direct impact on teacher competence, work motivation of teachers, and teacher job satisfaction. However, the principal’s leadership does not imply directly to the performance of teachers, but through teacher competence, work motivation of teachers, and teacher job satisfaction. In this way, the principal’s leadership may act more as a driver or enabler that allows an increase in competence, motivation and job satisfaction of teachers so that in turn it would improve teacher the performance.