bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of γ‐Ca2P2O7
Authors: Sauskojus Wolfgang , Wied Jan K. , Litterscheid Christian F. , Mangstl Martin , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree polymorphs of calcium pyrophosphate, Ca2P2O7, are known. Here the crystal structure of γ‐Ca2P2O7 is described for the first time. The crystal structure could be solved from powder X‐ray data. The results were confirmed by 31P high‐resolution solid‐state NMR spectroscopy measurements and by quantum chemical calculations under period boundary conditions. With the help of spin‐echo experiments the 2J(31P,31P) coupling for the P−O−P bonds could be determined. The different polymorphs can unambiguously be identified from 31P magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy. The 31P NMR chemical shift parameters of α‐, β‐ and γ‐Ca2P2O7 were determined from magic‐angle‐spinning experiments at slow spinning frequencies, while a peak assignment was achieved on the basis of gipaw‐calculations and confirmed by the observed J‐coupling values. The polymorph γ‐Ca2P2O7 belongs to the structure type of Cd2P2O7 in the space group
(a=6.6660 (2) Å, b=6.7220 (2) Å, c=6.7374 (2) Å, α=65.113 (2)°, β=87.763 (2)°, γ=85.076 (2)°).
Adoption of Safe Systems in the United States
Authors: Michael Jeffrey P. , Shahum Leah , Paniati Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSafe Systems are in early phases of implementation in the US. Adoption of these concepts in the USA has been slower than in a number of other nations, including Sweden, The Netherlands, UK and Australia. Whereas adoption in other nations began as early as the late 1990s, interest in Safe Systems in the USA followed by about a decade. One factor associated with this delay is the success that the USA experienced with public safety and compliance methods, such as high-visibility traffic law enforcement, during the period in which the Safe System movement took hold in other countries.National road safety professional organizations were among the first in the USA to shift toward zero-focused strategies. City and state governments followed and the federal government took steps in this direction after local and state efforts were well underway. By 2020, discussion of Safe Systems was taking place in national professional associations and early steps had been taken toward federal institutional support.Although implementation in the USA is not yet widespread, lessons have been learned in building public and political support for Safe Systems. Managing public expectations regarding short-term safety benefits is likely to be a key to longer-term Safe Systems support. Increased efforts are needed to inform political leaders at the local, state and national levels of the benefits of Safe Systems and Vision Zero as well as additional education for safety practitioners.
Microfocus computed tomography for fetal postmortem imaging: an overview
Authors: Docter Daniël , Dawood Yousif , Jacobs Karl , Hagoort Jaco , Oostra Roelof-Jan , van den Hoff Maurice J. B. , Arthurs Owen J. , de Bakker Bernadette S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging has increased in popularity for both diagnostic and research purposes. Micro-CT imaging could be a substitute for autopsy, particularly in very early gestation fetuses for whom autopsy can be technically challenging and is often unaccepted by parents. This article provides an overview of the latest research in fetal postmortem micro-CT imaging with a focus on diagnostic accuracy, endovascular staining approaches, placental studies and the reversibility of staining. It also discusses new methods that could prove helpful for micro-CT of larger fetuses. While more research is needed, contrast-enhanced micro-CT has the potential to become a suitable alternative to fetal autopsy. Further research using this novel imaging tool could yield wider applications, such as its practise in imaging rare museum specimens.
Fotobasierte Untersuchung auf diabetische Augenveränderungen in einer deutschen Augenarztpraxis ohne direkten Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt
Authors: König Susanna F. , Spital Georg , Ziemssen Focke , Stahl Andreas , Guthoff Rainer , Wolf Armin , Glück Stephanie , Navarette Navarrete Orozco Rodrigo , Ulbig Michael , Schuster Alexander K. , Kortuem Karsten U. 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine regelmäßige ophthalmologische Untersuchung ist für immer mehr Menschen mit Diabetes gefordert, sei es zur Früherkennung und Kontrolle einer diabetischen Retinopathie. In manchen Ländern kommen bereits automatische Verfahren der Bildauswertung zur Detektion einer behandlungsbedürftigen diabetischen Retinopathie zur Anwendung. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Früherkennung diabetischer Augenerkrankungen ohne direkten Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt in Deutschland zu evaluieren und mögliche Barrieren für Patienten zu erkennen.

Material und Methoden
In dieser prospektiven monozentrischen Studie wurden bisher 93 Patienten eingeschlossen, die sich für ein Screening auf eine diabetische Retinopathie vorstellten. Die Studienteilnehmer nahmen ein Angebot zu einer Untersuchung (Visuserhebung, non-mydriatische kamerabasierte Fundusuntersuchung) ohne Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt wahr. Mittels Fragebogen wurde die Zufriedenheit der Patienten erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Das durchschnittliche Alter der eingeschlossenen Patienten (n = 93; 49,5 % weiblich) betrug 53,5 Jahre (29 bis 76 Jahre, SD: 13,6 Jahre). Bei 17 Augen (18,3 %) wurde mittels kamerabasierter Fundusuntersuchung eine diabetische Retinopathie festgestellt. In der Stichprobe musste sich kein Patient aufgrund schlechter Bildqualität erneut vorstellen. Insgesamt berichteten die Patienten eine hohe bis sehr hohe Zufriedenheit. Die Akzeptanz des Untersuchungsangebots war hoch.

Diskussion
In dieser Studie konnte mit einer Screeninguntersuchung ohne direkten Arztkontakt eine hohe Akzeptanz erreicht werden. Qualifiziertes Fachpersonal ermöglichte eine hohe Bildqualität der erhobenen Fundusbilder, sodass der Einsatz von automatischen Algorithmen (künstliche Intelligenz) das Potenzial hat, die bisherigen Angebote zu ergänzen.
Understanding Sophia? On human interaction with artificial agents
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) create an increasing similarity between the performance of AI systems or AI-based robots and human communication. They raise the questions:whether it is possible to communicate with, understand, and even empathically perceive artificial agents;whether we should ascribe actual subjectivity and thus quasi-personal status to them beyond a certain level of simulation;what will be the impact of an increasing dissolution of the distinction between simulated and real encounters.(1) To answer these questions, the paper argues that the precondition for actually understanding others consists in the implicit assumption of the subjectivity of our counterpart, which makes shared feelings and a „we-intentionality” possible. This assumption is ultimately based on the presupposition of a shared form of life, conceived here as „conviviality.”(2) The possibility that future artificial agents could meet these preconditions is refuted on the basis of embodied and enactive cognition, which links subjectivity and consciousness to the aliveness of an organism.(3) Even if subjectivity is in principle impossible for artificial agents, the distinction between simulated and real subjectivity might nevertheless become increasingly blurred. Here, possible consequences are discussed, especially using the example of virtual psychotherapy. Finally, the paper makes case for a mindful appproach to the language we use to talk about artificial systems and pleads for preventing a systematic pretense of subjectivity.
Modelling the response of larch growth to age, density, and elevation and the implications for multifunctional management in northwest China
Authors: Tian Ao , Wang Yanhui , Webb Ashley A. , Yu Pengtao , Wang Xiao , Liu Zebin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlantations of Rupprecht’s larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) have been widely established in the drylands of northwest and north China under traditional fast-growing plantation management strategies. These strategies and the long-term logging ban have led to over-populated stands with lower structural and functional stability, less economic benefit and higher water consumption. To guide the sustainable management of larch plantations, field surveys and historical data compilation were undertaken in the Liupan Mountains of northwest China. The main influencing factors (stand structure and site condition) and their effects on mean tree height, mean DBH and timber volumes were determined based on up-boundary line analysis. Tree growth models coupling the effects of tree age, stand density, and elevation were established. Both height and DBH markedly increased initially and then slowly with tree age, decreased with stand density, and showed unimodal change with elevation. The coupled growth models accounted for 72–78% of the variations in tree height, DBH and timber growth. Recommendations for future plantation management are: (1) prolong the rotation to at least 60 years to produce large-diameter, high-quality timber and maintain greater carbon stocks; (2) zone the target functions of stands by elevation; and, (3) reduce stand density for balanced supply of multiple ecosystem services. The growth models developed can predict growth response of larch plantations to density alteration under given ages and elevations, and assist the transformation from traditional management for maximum timber production to site-specific and multifunctional management with longer rotations and moderate tree density.
How people higher on social dominance orientation deal with hierarchy-attenuating institutions: the person-environment (mis)fit perspective in the grammar of hierarchies
Authors: Tesi Alessio , Aiello Antonio , Pratto Felicia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterweaving Social Dominance theory with Person-Environment (P-E) fit theory, the present study examines how people higher on social dominance orientation (SDO, i.e., those who generally favor group hierarchies and inequalities) can deal with belonging to institutions that culturally sustain group equality (i.e., hierarchy-attenuating institutions). We enrolled two cohorts of first year students majoring in social work (Sample 1, N = 296; Sample 2, N = 117), a typical hierarchy-attenuating setting. Participants’ belonging to a hierarchy-attenuating institution was primed before administering a self-report questionnaire for measuring the study’s variables. Results of mediation analyses showed that people higher in SDO experienced higher P-E misfit with the institution in both samples. In turn, P-E misfit was positively associated with the intention to leave the social work faculty and with a higher pro-self hierarchy-enhancing motivation (i.e., agreeing that “I am enrolled in a Social work faculty primarily to have more chances to gain money and success in the future”). These results show that people higher in SDO can deal with the dissonant condition of P-E misfit with a hierarchy-attenuating institution by leaving such institution (i.e., differential attrition process) and/or by adopting a framework for their presence in a hierarchy-attenuating institution that aligns with their own’s socially dominant beliefs (i.e., motivational shaping process). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Structure of spirituality among high-school students differs depending on relationship with someone or something Greater (RSG)
Authors: Ohata Kensho , Gonokami Takuya , Kinjo Shunpei , Kato Sadao , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the structure of spirituality among teenagers, who live in a secular country, employing a QoL assessment, the EORTC QLQ-SWB32. Methods: Japanese high-school students, 15 to 17 years of age, answered EORTC QLQ-SWB32, which had 5 scales: Relationships with Others, Relationship with Self (RS), Existential, Relationship with Someone or Something Greater (RSG), and Change. It had “skip” items 22 and 23 (score range:0–200), which distinguished non-believers (score:0), light believers (score:33–66), and deep believers (score:100–200). Cronbach’s alpha and principal component analysis (PCA) were investigated. Correlations between item-32 (global spiritual well-being (SWB)) scores and 5 scale-scores were estimated. Global SWB scores were compared among groups via one-way ANOVA. Results: Among 283 male students, there were 142 non-believers (50%), 98 light believers (35%), and 43 deep believers (15%). Cronbach’s alpha values of the five scales were above 0.7 for deep believers. However, RSG did not show internal consistency for non-believers and light believers. PCA showed that the RSG items constructed a RSG scale for deep believers but did not make any scale for non-believers and light believers. The correlation coefficients between global SWB and RSG increased in order of non-believers (r = 0.295), light believers (r = 0.399), and deep believers (r = 0.559). RS correlated with global SWB in non-believers and light believers (r<- 0.4). Among groups, light believers had significantly better global SWB than non-believers and deep believers (p = 0.0312). Conclusion: The structure of spirituality among high-school students differs depending on RSG. And RS might be critical for students without sense of RSG. Trial registration number: This observation study was retrospectively registered on 2nd November 2021 (UMIN 000045962).
Dose–response Relationship of Reported Lifetime Meditation Practice with Mental Health and Wellbeing: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bowles Nicholas I. , Davies Jonathan N. , Van Dam Nicholas T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Meta-analyses of meditation studies have revealed mixed modest evidence of benefits across a range of outcomes. However, because this evidence-base is predominantly from brief interventions, it is unclear whether it accurately reflects how contemporary meditators practice or the dose–response relationship between amount of practice and outcome. This study sought to characterize how contemporary meditators practice, examine any possible dose–response relationships between historical practice and measures of psychological wellbeing, and explore which characteristics of practice most strongly predict favorable psychological outcomes.

Methods
One thousand six hundred and sixty-eight meditators (M = 1095 h practice, SD = 2365) responded to advertisements in meditation practice communities and social media. We explored associations between demographics, meditation practice characteristics, and outcomes including positive and negative affect, psychological distress, and life satisfaction in a cross-sectional study design.

Results
Historical meditation practice (accumulated lifetime hours) was significantly associated with favorable psychological outcomes (|r| ranging from .18 to .28). Model fit was optimized with a generalized additive model (average increase in R2 = 2.22), indicating non-linear effects. The strength of association between practice time and outcomes was generally strongest for approximately the first 500 h, before plateauing. Several practice types including Vipassana (as taught by S.N. Goenka) and cultivating practices (e.g. compassion, lovingkindness) were more strongly predictive of favorable psychological outcomes.

Conclusions
Benefits of meditation accrue over time in a non-linear manner, and show variation based on practice context. These results highlight the importance of understanding how the benefits of meditation accrue over longer time durations than typical standardized programs.
Co-creating Through Win and Quick: the Role of Type of Contest and Constraints on Creativity
Authors: Cardamone Ernesto , Marozzo Veronica , Miceli Gaetano “Nino” , Raimondo Maria Antonietta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous literature has highlighted that open innovation contests are important innovation tools for companies that wish to involve users in the product development process to generate creative ideas. Contests can have different characteristics, but it is not clear which formats allow companies to obtain the most creative suggestions from their customers. In this article, we hypothesize that evaluative (vs. luck-based) open innovation contests lead to the generation of more creative products, but only in presence of time constraints. In addition, we hypothesize that design variety mediates this effect. The results of an experimental study, based on a customization toolkit, provide support for our theoretical framework. Our research contributes to the literature on open innovation contests by identifying the ideal conditions to stimulate consumer creativity and offers a series of managerial implications on contest design.
A flexible framework for multiple-role discovery in real networks
Authors: Liu Shu , Toriumi Fujio , Nishiguchi Mao , Usui Shohei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn complex networks, the role of a node is based on the aggregation of structural features and functions. However, in real networks, it has been observed that a single node can have multiple roles. Here, the roles of a node can be defined in a case-by-case manner, depending on the graph data mining task. Consequently, a significant obstacle to achieving multiple-role discovery in real networks is finding the best way to select datasets for pre-labeling. To meet this challenge, this study proposes a flexible framework that extends a single-role discovery method by using domain adversarial learning to discover multiple roles for nodes. Furthermore, we propose a method to assign sub-networks, derived through community extraction methods, to a source network and a validation network as training datasets. Experiments to evaluate accuracy conducted on real networks demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy and more stable results.
Differences in Tropical Peat Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Under Different Land Uses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kunarso Adi , Bonner Mark T. L. , Blanch Ewan W. , Grover Samantha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drainage and conversion of natural peatlands, which increases fire frequency, haze air pollution and carbon emissions, also affects the physical and chemical properties of peat soils. Although there has been continued interest in research on tropical peat soil properties, no attempt has yet been made to synthesise these results. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of sixty-six papers published in English language academic literature to explore the current state of knowledge of peat soil properties of Southeast Asia and to compare physical and chemical peat properties (e.g. bulk density, carbon content, pH) under different land uses and depths. Most of these studies were undertaken in Indonesia (56.1%) and Malaysia (28.8%), where substantial tracts of peat soils occur. We extracted data from these papers to calculate the mean of each peat property and compare results between land uses and depths. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test the significance of land use and depth on each peat property. We found that bulk density (44 papers), carbon (C) content (43 papers), pH (42 papers) and nitrogen (N) content (39 papers) were the most widely reported, while other properties remain less studied. Bulk density, pH, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) showed significant differences between land uses and depths. Fibre fraction, potassium (K), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) levels showed a significant difference between land uses only, while N differed significantly only between soil depths. Other physical properties such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity, woody fraction, amorphic fraction and chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), C, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), available nitrogen (available N), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), sulphur (S) and silicon (Si) showed no significant differences between land uses or depths. This review identifies key research gaps, including underrepresented geographic areas and peat properties and highlights the need for standardised methodologies for measuring peat soil properties.
Investigating mandatory and non-mandatory trip patterns based on socioeconomic characteristics and traffic analysis zone features using deep neural networks
Authors: Mirzahossein Hamid , Bakhtiari Ali , Kalantari Navid , Jin Xia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForecasting travel demand is a classic problem in transportation planning. The models made for this purpose take the socioeconomic characteristics of a subset of a population to estimate the total demand, mainly using random utility models. However, with machine learning algorithms fast becoming key instruments in many transportation applications, the past decade has seen the rapid development of such models for travel demand forecasting. As these algorithms are independent of assumptions, have high pattern recognition ability, and often offer promising results, they can be effective alternatives to discrete choice models for forecasting trip patterns. This paper aimed to predict mandatory and non-mandatory trip patterns using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithm. A dataset containing Metropolitan Washington Council of Government Transportation Planning Board (MWCGTPB) 2007–2008 survey data and a dataset containing traffic analysis zones’ characteristics (TAZ) were prepared to extract and predict these patterns. After the modeling phase, the models were evaluated based on accuracy and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The estimates of mandatory and non-mandatory trips were found to have an accuracy of 70.87% and 50.02%, respectively. The results showed that a DNN could find the relationship between socioeconomic factors and trip patterns. This can be helpful for transportation planners when they are trying to predict travel demand.
Progress in Preclinical Research on Uterus Bioengineering That Utilizes Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Uterine Tissue
Authors: Sehic Edina , Brännström Mats , Hellström Mats 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the last decade, uterus transplantation has evolved as the first treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility, caused by absence of a functional uterus. Current challenges in the area of uterus transplantation are organ shortage and side effects of immunosuppression. These hurdles may be solved with novel tissue engineering technologies to produce a uterus from stem cells. For example, the development of patient-specific grafts using a biomaterial together with the patient’s own cells might be utilized for a partial uterus repair therapy or a whole bioengineered uterus might be developed to replace an allogeneic graft in a uterus transplantation setting. During recent years, uterus bioengineering strategies with scaffolds based on decellularized tissue have been particularly assessed. Decellularization protocols were established for both small and large animal models, including the human uterus. Promising in vivo results using such scaffolds to repair a partially injured uterus showed restoration of fertility in rodent models. Scaffold generation protocols and recellularization methodologies including various cell sources are currently being optimized and translated to more clinically relevant injury models in large animals. This review provides a summary of the progress made to date, based on use of decellularized uterine tissue for uterus repair.