bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XET activity determination in powdered wood samples as an indicator of tension wood, tested on juvenile Populus x euramericana exposed to severe long-term static bending
Authors: Prokopijević Miloš , Simonović Radosavljević Jasna , Spasojević Dragica , Vojisavljević Katarina , Radotić Ksenija , Mitrović Aleksandra Lj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Leaning stems of woody plants form reaction wood, in hardwood trees termed tension wood (TW). Typical TW fibers, gelatinous fibers (G-fibers), are characterized by an inner gelatinous cell wall layer (G-layer). Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) was proposed as the essential enzyme in cell wall modifications in TW, by making xyloglucan (XG) cross-links between G- and S2-layers in G-fibers, and thus maintaining their contact. The determination of TW presence in a sample is of great importance for the forest products industry, biofuel production, and tree physiology studies. However, TW is not easy to detect visually. The colorimetric assay for XET activity determination as an indicator of TW presence in a sample was tested on powdered stem segments of juvenile Populus x euramericana trees exposed to severe long-term static bending. In parallel, histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of stem samples of bent and control trees was performed. The tested colorimetric assay for XET activity determination could be suggested as a useful and easily applicable tool for fast screening of powdered wood samples for the presence of TW.
Desiderata for a Performative Hybrid Immersive Drawing Platform
Authors: Olivero Lucas Fabian , Araújo António Bandeira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discuss the design requirements of a software platform for constructing immersive environments through handmade spherical perspective drawings in a performative setting, with concurrent interactive live feed of the spherical drawing’s VR visualization. We investigate current best practices and available software in order to extract functionalities, requirements, improvements, possible integrations and future developments.
We map the base requirements of the software from three sources: the state of the art of drawing techniques for spherical perspectives (equirectangular, azimuthal equidistant and cubical), the available software for their practice and the experimentation with novel hybrid artefacts. For the latter, we use a node-based program that allows us to prototype the workflow before entering a pure coding stage.
The desired software platform should integrate well within digital art practices, stimulate and facilitate the practice of anamorphic handmade spherical drawings, and expand spherical perspectives’ applications through the emerging media of Hybrid Immersive Models (HIMs).
Preserving Memories of Contemporary Witnesses Using Volumetric Video
Authors: Schreer Oliver , Worchel Markus , Diaz Rodrigo , Renault Sylvain , Morgenstern Wieland , Feldmann Ingo , Zepp Marcus , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Volumetric Video is a novel technology that enables the creation of dynamic 3D models of persons, which can then be integrated in any 3D environment. In contrast to classical character animation, volumetric video is authentic and much more realistic and therefore ideal for the transfer of emotions, facial expressions and gestures, which is highly relevant in the context of preservation of contemporary witnesses and survivors of the Holocaust. Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute (HHI) is working on two projects in this cultural heritage context. In a recent project between UFA and Fraunhofer HHI, a VR documentary about the last German survivor of the Holocaust Ernst Grube has been produced. A second project started in collaboration with the University Munich, faculty of languages and literature and Geschwister-Scholl-institute for political science, creating a concept for a VR experience together with Dr. Eva Umlauf, the youngest Jewish survivor in the concentration camp in Auschwitz. This paper presents key aspects of volumetric video and details about both projects including a discussion about the user perspective in such a VR experience.
Reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 and match outcomes among senior osteopathic students in 2020
Authors: Nikolla Dhimitri A. , Stratford Chad V. , Bowers Kaitlin M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is not required for osteopathic students to match into postgraduate programs; however, it is unknown if taking the test improves their chances of matching.

Objectives
Our objective was to determine the association between taking the USMLE Step 1 and matching into the applicant’s preferred specialty for senior osteopathic students applying to the 10 specialties to which students applied most in 2020.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of the free and publicly available 2020 National Residency Match Program (NRMP) published match report for senior osteopathic students. First, we determined the number of senior osteopathic students that matched into their preferred specialty vs those that did not and stratified them by reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 within each specialty. Next, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) within each specialty for senior osteopathic students matching into their preferred specialty with and without the USMLE Step 1 utilizing the Fisher’s exact test. Finally, we repeated the analysis with only senior osteopathic students who had reported USMLE Step 1 scores in ranges including or below the mean for those who matched in their specialty.

Results
For senior osteopathic students, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine (OR 3.3 [95% confidence interval 2.07 to 5.48]), Emergency Medicine (2.1 [1.35 to 3.17]), Pediatrics (4.4 [1.38 to 18.63]), Psychiatry (2.5 [1.34 to 4.98]), Anesthesiology (3.4 [1.57 to 7.32]), and General Surgery (3.1 [1.56 to 6.14]). After repeating the analysis with only senior osteopathic students who reported low USMLE Step 1 scores, the association remained significant for those who applied to Internal Medicine (2.5 [1.49 to 4.28]), Anesthesiology (2.6 [1.17 to 5.54]), and General Surgery (2.5 [1.24 to 5.04]).

Conclusions
In 2020, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 by senior osteopathic students was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and General Surgery. In addition, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 with a low score was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology, and General Surgery.
Berry–Esseen inequalities for the fractional Black–Karasinski model of term structure of interest rates
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Black–Karasinski model is a one-factor non-affine interest rate model as it describes interest rate movements driven by a single source of randomness and the drift function is a nonlinear function of the interest rate. The drift parameters represent the
level and the speed of mean reversion of the interest rate. It belongs to the class of no-arbitrage models. The
paper introduces some new approximate minimum contrast estimators of
the mean reversion speed parameter in the
model based on discretely sampled data which are efficient and studies
their asymptotic distributional properties with precise rates of
convergence.
Logical and algebraic properties of generalized orthomodular posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Generalized orthomodular posets were introduced recently by D. Fazio, A. Ledda and the first author of the present paper in order to establish a useful tool for studying the logic of quantum mechanics. They investigated structural properties of these posets. In the present paper, we study logical and algebraic properties of these posets. In particular, we investigate conditions under which they can be converted into operator residuated structures. Further, we study their representation by means of algebras (directoids) with everywhere defined operations. We prove congruence properties for the class of algebras assigned to generalized orthomodular posets and, in particular, for a subvariety of this class determined by a simple identity. Finally, in contrast to the fact that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of an orthomodular poset need not be an orthomodular lattice, we show that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of a stronger version of a generalized orthomodular poset is nearly an orthomodular lattice.
Performance evaluation of a high-performance offshore cementing wastes accelerating agent
Authors: Hou Haiou , Ma Chunxu , Guo Xiaoxuan , Li Xinyu , Song Maolin , Fan Zhenzhong , Wang Biao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reports a quick-setting agent named AS-G1. In the current offshore oil exploitation, there are usually wastes mixed with the drilling fluid, completion fluid, cement slurry, etc. To protect the marine environment, offshore construction workers need to weakly solidify these wastes so that they can be transported to land for disposal. The accelerating agent can reduce the fluidity of offshore cementing wastes and achieve the effect of solidifying wastes. Compare the time for the three cement slurries to lose fluidity with the addition of accelerating agents. Evaluate the setting time of cement slurry under the action of the accelerating agent after adding two drilling fluids. The solidification effect of this kind of accelerating agent on cementing waste is verified. It can be applied to waste treatment in oil fields.
Modification of kaolinite/muscovite clay for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media
Authors: Tetteh Samuel , Ofori Albert , Quashie Andrew , Jääskeläinen Sirpa , Suvanto Sari 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Natural clay extracted from the Central Region of Ghana was used for this study. Energy dispersive X-ray and powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed the composition of the clay to be 67.5% kaolinite and 32.5% muscovite. The samples were successfully modified by H2SO4 and NaOH activation. They were also characterized by scanning electron microscopic and Fourier transformed-infrared spectrophotometric techniques. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the samples are effective adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media. Factors studied include contact time, pH, effect of ionic strength and the mass of adsorbent. Generally, the alkali activated samples had the highest adsorptive capacity followed by the acid activated clay. The kinetics of the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second order model and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir as well as the Freundlich models. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature (303 K).
Nudging in der Prävention: Was ist möglich, was ist vertretbar?
Authors: Loss Julika , von Sommoggy Julia 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Durch „Nudging“ (englisch „to nudge” = anstupsen) soll die spontane Entscheidungsfindung hin zu einem gesünderen Verhalten beeinflusst werden. Kritisch daran zu sehen ist die paternalistische Tendenz des Ansatzes und die Vernachlässigung der Gesundheitskompetenz des Einzelnen. Für eine ethische Legitimität wäre es wünschenswert, „Nudges“ transparent einzusetzen. Geplante Nudging-Maßnahmen müssen jeweils im Hinblick auf Kontext und Zielgruppe ethisch hinterfragt werden.
Welche Ethik ist als Public Health-Ethik tauglich?
Authors: Hainz Tobias 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Public Health und Ethik stehen in einem Zusammenhang insofern, als politische und andere Entscheidungen, die auf Erkenntnissen aus der Public Health-Forschung basieren, oft einer ethischen Rechtfertigung bedürfen. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, welche ethische Theorie überhaupt als Public Health-Ethik tauglich sei. Aus Kernmerkmalen von Public Health lassen sich Tauglichkeitskriterien ableiten, die, wie sich zeigt, insbesondere von einem subjektiven Regel-Utilitarismus erfüllt werden.
Does spirituality mitigate critical carers’ moral distress and strengthen their resilience? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Große Greta , Frick Eckhard , Schütte-Nütgen Katharina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective

The objective of this scoping review (Registration DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/UYV9G) is to understand how critical care professionals’ (CCP) moral distress and spiritual resources impact on their resilience.

Introduction

Previous reviews failed in obtaining evidence for tailored intervention reducing CCPs’ moral distress. Although frequently mentioned, spiritual resources were not thoroughly explored.

Inclusion criteria

In order to describe elements of the inclusion criteria, the PCC-framework (Population, Concept, Context) will be applied. Participants are all CCP (nurses, physicians, physiotherapists, psychologists …). The concept is resilience, taking into account moral distress and spirituality. The context is critical care (preclinical emergency care, emergency room, intensive care unit). Other contexts such as palliative care wards are excluded.

Methods

We will search 13 databases and grey literature published in 2020–2022. A two-stage screening process by at least two independent reviewers will be used. First titles and abstracts will be scanned and then a full-text review of relevant articles will be done. The extracted data will be independently discussed by at least two reviewers.

Ethics and Dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for scoping reviews. Dissemination will include submission to peer-reviewed journals and presentations in conferences and workshops in the area of critical care.
„Florida-Rolf“ lässt grüßen
Authors: Rieger Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Während der Debatte um die Agenda 2010 erhob die Bild-Zeitung den in Florida ansässigen Sozialhilfeempfänger Rolf J. zum Symbol sozialstaatlicher Dysfunktionalität, um dem Ruf nach Reformen Nachdruck zu verleihen. Nach einer historischen Rekonstruktion der Auslandssozialhilfe als deutscher sozialstaatlicher Sonderpraxis analysiert Bernhard Rieger die von Bild initiierte Kampagne gegen „Florida-Rolf“ und andere „Sozialschmarotzer“. Der Fokus auf erwerbslose, häufig in unkonventionellen Familienverhältnissen lebende Männer verstärkte den Eindruck, bestehende Sozialgesetze ließen konventionelle Männlichkeitsnormen erodieren, verstärkten eine bedrohliche Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft und bedürften zur Stärkung der Arbeitsethik einer grundsätzlichen Reform.
Bildungsaufstiege in der Wissenschaft. Zur Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit beim Übergang von der Junior- auf die Lebenszeitprofessur
Authors: Zimmer Lena M. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag wendet sich einem in Bildungs- und Ungleichheitssoziologie weitgehend vernachlässigten Phänomen zu: Wie lässt sich die Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit in einer bereits stark selektierten Population erklären? Untersucht wird, welche Faktoren dazu beitragen, dass Juniorprofessor*innen sog. bildungsferner Herkunft auf eine Lebenszeitprofessur berufen werden. Dieser Frage wird mit eigenen Befragungsdaten nachgegangen, die 2015 unter Juniorprofessor*innen erhoben wurden; die Ungleichheitssoziologie Bourdieus gibt die analytische Perspektive vor. Die Analysen zeigen, dass soziale Aufstiege durch (1) einen Mangel an bürgerlicher Gelassenheit, (2) einen ungerichteten Arbeitseifer und (3) eine asketische Lebensführung der Aufsteiger*innen erklärt werden können. Der Beitrag ergänzt eine eher defizitorientierte Ungleichheitsforschung dahingehend, dass mit einer sog. bildungsfernen Herkunft nicht nur Mängel und Benachteiligungen identifiziert werden, sondern auch Ressourcen, die den sozialen Aufstieg begünstigen.
Disposition bei schwankendem Bedarf
Authors: Friemuth Ulrich , Hartweg Elmar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die artikelspezifische Auswahl von Prognoseverfahren ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für eine differenzierte Disposition. Um diese Zielsetzung zu realisieren, müssen für einzelne Artikel entsprechend ihrem Bedarfsverlauf geeignete Prognoseverfahren ausgewählt werden.
Motivation, ohne zu motivieren
Authors: Bullinger Hans-Jörg , Korge Axel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zahlreiche Unternehmen haben in jüngster Zeit überaus positive Erfahrungen mit einer Form der Motivation gemacht, die allen bisherigen Erkenntnissen und dem „gesunden Menschenverstand“ zu widersprechen scheint. Der Ansatz industrieller Praktiker ist ganz einfach: Gestalte das Unternehmen wirklich menschengerecht, und eine Motivierung mittels Druck und Anreizen ist nicht erforderlich.
Innovationen im Bereich wissensbasierter Diagnostik
Authors: Ziegler Susanne , Schwingeler Sabine , Malsch Thomas , Bamberger Stefan , Puppe Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Störungssuche, Fehlerdiagnose und Reparatur komplexer technischer Anlagen konfrontieren das zuständige Personal mit hohen Anforderungen. Wissensbasierte Diagnosesysteme waren bisher kaum in der Lage, die Maschinenexperten bei der Akquisition komplexen anlagendiagnostischen Wissens angemessen zu unterstützen. Im Rahmen der Implementierung eines wissensbasierten Diagnose- und Informationssystems in einem Maschinenbauunternehmen hat eine interdisziplinäre Forschungsgruppe neue Werkzeuge und Konzepte zur System- und Organisationsentwicklung erarbeitet.
Belgium’s Chairmanship of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict (2019-2020)
Authors: Verstichel Annelies 
Published: March 2022

Children’s rights in general and the UN’s Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) Agenda in particular have been a foreign policy priority of the Government of Belgium for decades, both in financial and in policy terms. As a result, awarding Belgium the chairmanship of the Security Council Working Group on CAAC (SCWG-CAAC) was the logical result of this commitment and a unanimous decision by the UNSC members when distributing chairmanships of subsidiary bodies to the incoming non-permanent UNSC members at the end of 2018.This article looks at the objectives of Belgium’s chairmanship of the SCWG-CAAC (2019-2020) and to what extent they were achieved. It furthermore analyzes the SCWG-CAAC conclusions, their structure, and the traditionally challenging points in the negotiations. Finally, the article concludes by reflecting on gaps and opportunities moving forward.
Christopher Moseley. Atlas de las Lenguas del Mundo en Peligro
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita 
Published: March 2022

El Atlas de las lenguas del Mundo en Peligro, reeditado por la UNESCO, gracias al respaldo económico del gobierno noruego, aparece al finalizar la primera década del siglo XXI, con datos actualizados de alrededor de 2,500 lenguas, distribuidas en las distintas regiones del planeta, listadas y clasificadas de acuerdo a un criterio que torna en cuenta seis niveles o escalas de vitalidad, que van desde las que están 'a salvo' hasta las ya 'extintas y, a la vez, han utilizado el criterio de trasmisión intergeneracional para lograr una mejor medición del grado de funcionalidad. Se trata de un trabajo bastante exhaustivo desarrollado por un equipo de lingüistas de amplia trayectoria en esta línea de investigación.
Pulsating hydromagnetic flow of Au-blood micropolar nanofluid in a channel with Ohmic heating, thermal radiation and heat source/sink
Authors: Rajkumar Devendiran , Subramanyam Reddy Anala 
Published: March 2022

The current work deals with the pulsating flow of Au-blood micropolar nanofluid with the existence of thermal radiation and Joule heating. Micropolar fluid is addressed as blood (base fluid) and Au (gold) as a nanoparticle. The flow has been mathematically modeled, resulting in a delicate system of partial differential equations (PDEs). A perturbation technique is used to convert the PDE system into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are subsequently solved by using the shooting method with the Runge–Kutta fourth-order scheme. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, and heat transfer rate of Au-blood nanofluid are graphically depicted and explored successively. The obtained findings bring out that the velocity of nanofluid decreases over a rise in the coupling parameter, magnetic field, and nanoparticle volume fractions. The temperature is reducing with an increment of radiation parameter, frequency parameter, coupling parameter, magnetic field, and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Further, the results show that the Nusselt number against frequency distribution increasing with the rising values of the Eckert number.
Near Infrared Metal-insulator-metal Surface Plasmon Resonances for Refractive Index Sensors
Authors: Hoang Cam Thi Hong , Ha Tuan Minh , Pham Van Dai , Ngo Quang Minh 
Published: March 2022

This work reports the optical properties of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based on the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure towards a refractive index sensor. The MIM-SPR structure operating near infrared region consists of lateral periodicity of subwavelength gold patterns placed on a stack of thin silica spacer and silver film (acting as a reflector) on a silicon substrate. The reflection spectra and the electric field distributions of MIM-SPR structures can be tuned by modifying the geometrical properties and have been numerically investigated by using Lumerical’s finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions. The square lattice configuration of 1200 nm to 1400 nm pitch of gold micro-disks of thickness from 80 nm to 120 nm have been conducted. The size of these considered gold patterns, i.e., the diameter of the micro-disks is in the range of 900 nm to 1000 nm. The proposed MIM-SPR structure possessing sensitivity of 370 nm per refractive index unit (RIU), can be applicable for a wide variety of plasmonic sensing, in particular for refractometric biosensors.
Assessing L2 Portuguese writing: idea density and sentence complexity
Authors: Lopes Ângela Filipe , Pinto Maria da Graça Lisboa Castro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Idea density and grammatical complexity were proposed as writing assessment parameters by Snowdon et al. (1996) and by Kemper et al. (2001) in the Nun Study (Snowdon 2001). The same parameters are used here to assess advanced Portuguese L2 writing in a learning context (C1/C2) in order to confirm them as valid assessment measures in a L2. Quality in writing is expected to translate into lexical precision and richness as well as sentence complexity. Results confirmed that reading has an influence on writing quality, insofar as the students who usually read are the ones who got the highest scores in both parameters. Results were nevertheless highly variable due to the heterogeneity of the group of participants. Both measures, idea density and grammatical complexity, were found to be correlated in two writing tasks, a synthesis and a writing prompt, which led to the conclusion that participants who write with lexical precision and richness also produce higher complexity sentences regardless of language and writing task variability.

Keywords: idea density; grammatical complexity; assessing writing; Portuguese L2.

Keywords: dyslexia; educational measurement; learning disabilities; validation study; psychometrics.