bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive changes in descriptive discourse in First Episode Schizophrenia: a longitudinal computational semantics study
Authors: Alonso-Sánchez Maria Francisca , Ford Sabrina D. , MacKinley Michael , Silva Angélica , Limongi Roberto , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputational semantics, a branch of computational linguistics, involves automated meaning analysis that relies on how words occur together in natural language. This offers a promising tool to study schizophrenia. At present, we do not know if these word-level choices in speech are sensitive to the illness stage (i.e., acute untreated vs. stable established state), track cognitive deficits in major domains (e.g., cognitive control, processing speed) or relate to established dimensions of formal thought disorder. In this study, we collected samples of descriptive discourse in patients experiencing an untreated first episode of schizophrenia and healthy control subjects (246 samples of 1-minute speech; n = 82, FES = 46, HC = 36) and used a co-occurrence based vector embedding of words to quantify semantic similarity in speech. We obtained six-month follow-up data in a subsample (99 speech samples, n = 33, FES = 20, HC = 13). At baseline, semantic similarity was evidently higher in patients compared to healthy individuals, especially when social functioning was impaired; but this was not related to the severity of clinically ascertained thought disorder in patients. Across the study sample, higher semantic similarity at baseline was related to poorer Stroop performance and processing speed. Over time, while semantic similarity was stable in healthy subjects, it increased in patients, especially when they had an increasing burden of negative symptoms. Disruptions in word-level choices made by patients with schizophrenia during short 1-min descriptions are sensitive to interindividual differences in cognitive and social functioning at first presentation and persist over the early course of the illness.
Determination of acrolein generation pathways from linoleic acid and linolenic acid: increment by photo irradiation
Authors: Kato Shunji , Shimizu Naoki , Otoki Yurika , Ito Junya , Sakaino Masayoshi , Sano Takashi , Takeuchi Shigeo , Imagi Jun , Nakagawa Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2-Propenal (acrolein) is a toxic aldehyde generated from the thermal degradation of edible oils. While previous studies have suggested that linolenic acid (LnA) is the origin of acrolein formation in edible oils, these studies were performed under thermal conditions where only the fatty acid hydroperoxide (FAOOH) isomers derived from radical oxidation were formed. In this study, we reinvestigated the acrolein generation pathway through another oxidation mechanism involving singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation (type II photo-oxidation). Standards of the main FAOOH isomers (oleic acid hydroperoxide, linoleic acid hydroperoxide (HpODE), and linolenic acid hydroperoxide (HpOTE)) found in edible oils were prepared, and their decomposition products, including those derived from1O2 oxidation (i.e., 10- and 12-HpODE) were analyzed by GC-EI-MS. We found that 1O2 oxidation products of linoleic acid (LA) and LnA but not OA, are significant sources of acrolein formation. The amount of acrolein formed from edible oils high in LA (e.g., rice bran oil) increased by photo irradiation. Further investigation into the mechanism of acrolein generation demonstrated that the amount of acrolein derived from 1O2 oxidation-specific HpOTE isomers (i.e., 10- and 15-HpOTE) was two times greater than that of other HpOTE isomers (i.e., 9-, 12-, 13-, and 16-HpOTE). The results of the present study provide a new pathway of acrolein formation from type II photo-oxidation. This information can be used to inform on oil storage and processing conditions to reduce exposure and dietary intake of acrolein.
Recent developments in hazardous pollutants removal from wastewater and water reuse within a circular economy
Authors: Ahmed Menatalla , Mavukkandy Musthafa O. , Giwa Adewale , Elektorowicz Maria , Katsou Evina , Khelifi Olfa , Naddeo Vincenzo , Hasan Shadi W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent advances in wastewater treatment processes have resulted in high removal efficiencies for various hazardous pollutants. Nevertheless, some technologies are more suitable for targeting specific contaminants than others. We comprehensively reviewed the recent advances in removing hazardous pollutants from industrial wastewater through membrane technologies, adsorption, Fenton-based processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOP), and hybrid systems such as electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactors (eMBRs), and integrated eMBR-adsorption system. Each technology’s key features are compared, and recent modifications to the conventional treatment approaches and limitations of advanced treatment systems are highlighted. The removal of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals from wastewater is also discussed.
China’s provincial process CO2 emissions from cement production during 1993–2019
Authors: Liao Shiming , Wang Dong , Xia Changyou , Tang Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China’s cement production process have increased rapidly in recent decades, comprising the second-largest source of CO2 emissions in the country, next only to fossil fuel combustion. However, there used to lack high-quality data to estimate provincial process-related CO2 emissions from the cement industry of China. It has been recognised that many previous publications have adopted cement-based accounting methods or national average emission factors to estimate them. This study assembles fundamental provincial clinker production data and provincial clinker emission factors from multiple official statistics sources, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology (A clinker-based estimation methodology), to develop a high-quality panel dataset of China’s provincial process-related cement emissions during 1993–2019. In 2019, the gross cement process emissions of China amounted to 818.2 Mt CO2, and the cumulative emissions between 1993–2019 were estimated to be approximately 12.5 Gt CO2. There are significant differences in provincial process-related CO2 emissions. The dataset is crucial to provincial cement process emission characterisation and emissions reduction policy-making in China.
Developing a large-scale dataset of flood fatalities for territories in the Euro-Mediterranean region, FFEM-DB
Authors: Papagiannaki Katerina , Petrucci Olga , Diakakis Michalis , Kotroni Vassiliki , Aceto Luigi , Bianchi Cinzia , Brázdil Rudolf , Gelabert Miquel Grimalt , Inbar Moshe , Kahraman Abdullah , Kılıç Özgenur , Krahn Astrid , Kreibich Heidi , Llasat Maria Carmen , Llasat-Botija Montserrat , Macdonald Neil , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Mercuri Michele , Pereira Susana , Řehoř Jan , Geli Joan Rossello , Salvati Paola , Vinet Freddy , Zêzere José Luis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis data paper describes the multinational Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region FFEM-DB that hosts data of 2,875 flood fatalities from 12 territories (nine of which represent entire countries) in Europe and the broader Mediterranean region from 1980 to 2020. The FFEM-DB database provides data on fatalities’ profiles, location, and contributing circumstances, allowing researchers and flood risk managers to explore demographic, behavioral, and situational factors, as well as environmental features of flood-related mortality. The standardized data collection and classification methodology enable comparison between regions beyond administrative boundaries. The FFEM-DB is expandable, regularly updated, publicly available, and with anonymized data. The key advantages of the FFEM-DB compared to existing datasets containing flood fatalities are its high level of detail, data accuracy, record completeness, and the large sample size from an extended area.
Unique evidence of fluid alteration in the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite
Authors: Baziotis I. P. , Ma C. , Guan Y. , Ferrière L. , Xydous S. , Hu J. , Kipp M. A. , Tissot F. L. H. , Asimow P. D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeteorites preserve evidence of processes on their parent bodies, including alteration, metamorphism, and shock events. Here we show that the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite (OC) preserves both shock-melt veins and pockets of detrital grains from a brecciated and altered object, including corundum, albite, silica, fayalite, forsterite, and margarite in a Pb- and Fe-rich matrix. Preservation of the observed mineralogy and texture requires a sequence of at least two impacts: first, a high-velocity collision formed the shock melt veins containing the high-pressure minerals ringwoodite, wadsleyite, majorite, and albitic jadeite; later, a low-velocity impact formed fractures and filled them with the detrital material. Oxygen and Pb isotope ratios suggest an OC origin for these detrital minerals. Although fluid alteration is common in carbonaceous chondrites, the discovery of margarite with an OC oxygen isotopic signature is novel. Kakowa extends both the impact and alteration history of L6 ordinary chondrites in general.
Longitudinal in-vivo quantification of tumour microvascular heterogeneity by optical coherence angiography in pre-clinical radiation therapy
Authors: Allam Nader , Jeffrey Zabel W. , Demidov Valentin , Jones Blake , Flueraru Costel , Taylor Edward , Alex Vitkin I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging cancer treatment due to its logistical and potential therapeutic benefits as compared to conventional radiotherapy. However, its mechanism of action is yet to be fully understood, likely involving the ablation of tumour microvasculature by higher doses per fraction used in SBRT. In this study, we hypothesized that longitudinal imaging and quantification of the vascular architecture may elucidate the relationship between the microvasculature and tumour response kinetics. Pancreatic human tumour xenografts were thus irradiated with single doses of $$10$$

10

, $$20$$

20

and $$30$$

30

Gy to simulate the first fraction of a SBRT protocol. Tumour microvascular changes were monitored with optical coherence angiography for up to $$8$$

8

weeks following irradiation. The temporal kinetics of two microvascular architectural metrics were studied as a function of time and dose: the diffusion-limited fraction, representing poorly vascularized tissue $$>150$$

>
150

μm from the nearest detected vessel, and the vascular distribution convexity index, a measure of vessel aggregation at short distances. These biological metrics allowed for dose dependent temporal evaluation of tissue (re)vascularization and vessel aggregation after radiotherapy, showing promise for determining the SBRT dose–response relationship.
QSAR analysis on a large and diverse set of potent phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) inhibitors using MLR and ANN methods
Authors: Sadeghi Fereydoun , Afkhami Abbas , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Ghavami Raouf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhosphorylation of PI3Kγ as a member of lipid kinases-enzymes, plays a crucial role in regulating immune cells through the generation of intracellular signals. Deregulation of this pathway is involved in several tumors. In this research, diverse sets of potent and selective isoform-specific PI3Kγ inhibitors whose drug-likeness was confirmed based on Lipinski’s rule of five were used in the modeling process. Genetic algorithm (GA)-based multivariate analysis was employed on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of them. In this way, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, were used to QSAR models construction on 245 compounds with a wide range of pIC50 (5.23–9.32). The stability and robustness of the models have been evaluated by external and internal validation methods (R2 0.623–0.642, RMSE 0.464–0.473, F 40.114, Q2LOO 0.600, and R2y-random 0.011). External verification using a wide variety of structures out of the training and test sets show that ANN is superior to MLR. The descriptors entered into the model are in good agreement with the X-ray structures of target-ligand complexes; so the model is interpretable. Finally, Williams plot-based analysis was applied to simultaneously compare the inhibitory activity and structural similarity of training, test and validation sets.
Organic residue analysis reveals the function of bronze age metal daggers
Authors: Caricola Isabella , Charles Alasdair , Tirillò Jacopo , Charlton Fraser , Barton Huw , Breglia Francesco , Rossi Alberto , Deflorian Maria Chiara , De Marinis Anna Maria , Harris Susanna , Pellegrini Alessio , Scacchetti Federico , Boccuccia Paolo , Miari Monica , Dolfini Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article discusses results of organic residue analysis performed on ten copper-alloy daggers from Bronze Age Pragatto, Italy, c.1550–1250 BCE. Metal daggers are widespread in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Europe, yet their social and practical roles are still hotly debated. Are they symbolic or functional? Are they tools or weapons? How were they used? For what tasks and on what materials? The research addresses these questions through a novel application of biochemical staining and SEM–EDX analysis. The method has proved successful in extracting and identifying animal residues located on cutting edges including bone, muscle, and tendons. These are interpreted as evidence of prehistoric carcass butchering and carving. Further residues were observed on blade faces and hafting plates or tangs; these are interpreted as remnants of bone handles and sheaths, the latter made of either wood fibers or processed hide and fur. The readings proposed in the article are validated by original experiments with replica daggers, as detailed in the Supplementary Materials. The analysis and experiments shed new light on Bronze Age metal daggers, showing that they were fully functional tools (and perhaps tool-weapons) primarily utilized for the processing of animal carcasses. This original research result contributes significant knowledge towards interpreting an under-studied, yet socially salient, prehistoric metal artifact.
A weakly supervised deep learning-based method for glioma subtype classification using WSI and mpMRIs
Authors: Hsu Wei-Wen , Guo Jing-Ming , Pei Linmin , Chiang Ling-An , Li Yao-Feng , Hsiao Jui-Chien , Colen Rivka , Liu Peizhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate glioma subtype classification is critical for the treatment management of patients with brain tumors. Developing an automatically computer-aided algorithm for glioma subtype classification is challenging due to many factors. One of the difficulties is the label constraint. Specifically, each case is simply labeled the glioma subtype without precise annotations of lesion regions information. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid fully convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method for glioma subtype classification using both whole slide imaging (WSI) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imagings (mpMRIs). It is comprised of two methods: a WSI-based method and a mpMRIs-based method. For the WSI-based method, we categorize the glioma subtype using a 2D CNN on WSIs. To overcome the label constraint issue, we extract the truly representative patches for the glioma subtype classification in a weakly supervised fashion. For the mpMRIs-based method, we develop a 3D CNN-based method by analyzing the mpMRIs. The mpMRIs-based method consists of brain tumor segmentation and classification. Finally, to enhance the robustness of the predictions, we fuse the WSI-based and mpMRIs-based results guided by a confidence index. The experimental results on the validation dataset in the competition of CPM-RadPath 2020 show the comprehensive judgments from both two modalities can achieve better performance than the ones by solely using WSI or mpMRIs. Furthermore, our result using the proposed method ranks the third place in the CPM-RadPath 2020 in the testing phase. The proposed method demonstrates a competitive performance, which is creditable to the success of weakly supervised approach and the strategy of label agreement from multi-modality data.
Quantitative phase velocimetry measures bulk intracellular transport of cell mass during the cell cycle
Authors: Pradeep Soorya , Zangle Thomas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransport of mass within cells helps maintain homeostasis and is disrupted by disease and stress. Here, we develop quantitative phase velocimetry (QPV) as a label-free approach to make the invisible flow of mass within cells visible and quantifiable. We benchmark our approach against alternative image registration methods, a theoretical error model, and synthetic data. Our method tracks not just individual labeled particles or molecules, but the entire flow of bulk material through the cell. This enables us to measure diffusivity within distinct cell compartments using a single approach, which we use here for direct comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic diffusivity. As a label-free method, QPV can be used for long-term tracking to capture dynamics through the cell cycle.
Non-destructive crystallinity assessment of indomethacin in tablets made from smartFilms® using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Ornik Jan , Heidrich Lara , Schesny Robert , Castro-Camus Enrique , Keck Cornelia M. , Koch Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) to assess the crystalline state of indomethacin (IM) when loaded in smartFilms®. We found that smartFilms favour the amorphous IM (A-IM) for low loading concentrations. For higher concentrations, IM recrystallizes in its $$\alpha$$
α
- crystalline form and the amount of A-IM in the smartFilms reduces. Both, $$\alpha$$
α
- and A-IM are preferred over the more common $$\gamma$$
γ
- crystalline form, as they exhibit better water solubility, which can increase the oral bioavailability of the drug.
Porosity induced by dislocation dynamics in quartz-rich shear bands of granitic rocks
Authors: Précigout Jacques , Ledoux Estelle , Arbaret Laurent , Spriet Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe production of micro-pores is a driving mechanism for fluids to interact with deep environment and influence rock properties. Yet, such a porosity still remains misunderstood to occur in viscous rocks and may be attributed to either grain boundary sliding (GBS), dissolution effects or sub-grain rotation. Here we focus on quartz-rich shear bands across the Naxos western granite (Aegean Sea, Greece), where we document sub-micron pores at quartz boundaries. While most of these pores are observed along grain boundaries, some of them occur at intra-grain boundaries, which excludes dissolution or GBS to produce them, but instead involves the dynamic of dislocations. We then confirm that quartz is dominated by dislocation creep with evidence of a moderate to strong lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) and numerous tilt/twist boundaries, including at the pluton margin where rocks embrittled. These features coincide with (1) randomly oriented ‘inclusion’ quartz grains along tilt/twist boundaries and (2) a partial dependency of the LPO strength on grain size. Our findings suggest that pores arise from coalescing dislocations at boundaries of rotating sub-grains, providing nucleation sites for new grains to be precipitated during plastic flow. Fluid infiltration, rock embrittlement and related implications are also expected through pores accumulation with increasing strain.
3D visualization of microwave electric and magnetic fields by using a metasurface-based indicator
Authors: Baghdasaryan Zhirayr , Babajanyan Arsen , Parsamyan Henrik , Friedman Barry , Kim Seungwan , Lee Jung-Ha , Lee Kiejin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVisualizations of the microwave electric and magnetic near-field distributions of radio-frequency (RF) filters were performed using the technique of thermoelastic optical indicator microscopy (TEOIM). New optical indicators based on periodic dielectric-metal structures were designed for electric field visualization. Depending on the structure orientation, such metasurface-based indicators allow separately visualization of the Ex and Ey components of the in-plane electric field. Numerical simulations were conducted to examine the working principle of the designed indicator structures, and the results were compared to the experimental, showing good agreement. In addition, the 3D visualization of the microwave near-field distribution was built, to show the field intensity and distribution dependencies on the distance from the RF filter.
Crossed Andreev reflection in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon based ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet junctions
Authors: Li Ruigang , Chen Lei , Liu Jun-Feng , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the crossed Andreev reflection in zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon based ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet junction. Only edge states, which are entirely detached from the bulk gap, involved in the transport processes. The perfect crossed Andreev reflection, with the maximal nonlocal conductance $$-2e^{2}/h$$

-
2

e
2

/
h

, is addressed by setting the electric potentials of the leads and device properly. At this situation, the local Andreev reflection and the electron tunneling are completely eliminated, the incoming electrons can only be reflected as electrons or transmitted as holes, corresponding to the electron reflection and the crossed Andreev reflection respectively.The nonlocal conductance oscillates periodically with the length and the electric potential of the superconductor. Our study shows that the phosphorene based junction can be used as the quantum device to generate entangled-electrons.
A comprehensive strategy for exploring corrosion in iron-based artefacts through advanced Multiscale X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Bernabale Martina , Cognigni Flavio , Nigro Lorenzo , Rossi Marco , de Caro Tilde , De Vito Caterina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe best strategy to tackle complexity when analyzing corrosion in iron artefacts is to combine different analytical methods. Traditional techniques provide effective means to identify the chemistry and mineralogy of corrosion products. Nevertheless, a further step is necessary to upgrade the understanding of the corrosion evolution in three dimensions. In this regard, Multiscale X-ray Microscopy (XRM) enables multi-length scale visualization of the whole object and provides the spatial distribution of corrosion phases. Herein, we propose an integrated workflow to explore corrosion mechanisms in an iron-nail from Motya (Italy) through destructive and non-destructive techniques, which permit the extraction of the maximum information with the minimum sampling. The results reveal the internal structure of the artefact and the structural discontinuities which lead the corrosion, highlighting the compositional differences between the tip and the head of the iron nail.