bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of reference voltage sources circuit in lasers
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Xie Yonghao , Huang Jianping , Mo Chong , Mu Dawei , Li Mingbao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor the design of reference voltage source circuits in lasers, there is a problem of low accuracy using general design approach, this paper proposes an improved high‐precision voltage source circuit design. Firstly, a suitable reference voltage source chip is selected, then the excitation source circuit with better stability is designed, a high‐order filter is designed for filtering, and finally a compensation circuit is designed to improve the accuracy of the lasers voltage source. The effect of the designed voltage source circuit was verified, and the simulation results showed that the designed voltage source circuit was improved in output voltage accuracy, stability, and noise level, achieving a voltage noise level of 0.978 μV/Hz1/2 at 0.1 mHz at an input voltage of 2V. The validity of the voltage source circuit used for the lasers is verified, providing a high reference value for improving the lasers accuracy in laser spectroscopy.
Deformability of ascending thoracic aorta aneurysms assessed using ultrafast ultrasound and a principal strain estimator: In vitro evaluation and in vivo feasibility
Authors: Wang Diya , Chayer Boris , Destrempes François , Gesnik Marc , Tournoux François , Cloutier Guy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive vascular strain imaging under conventional line‐by‐line scanning has a low frame rate and lateral resolution and depends on the coordinate system. It is thus affected by high deformations due to image decorrelation between frames.PurposeTo develop an ultrafast time‐ensemble regularized tissue‐Doppler optical‐flow principal strain estimator for aorta deformability assessment in a long‐axis view.MethodsThis approach alleviated the impact of lateral resolution using image compounding and that of the coordinate system dependency using principal strain. Accuracy and feasibility were evaluated in two aorta‐mimicking phantoms first, and then in four age‐matched individuals with either a normal aorta or a pathological ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm (TAA).ResultsInstantaneous aortic maximum and minimum principal strain maps and regional accumulated strains during each cardiac cycle were estimated at systolic and diastolic phases to characterize the normal aorta and TAA. In vitro, principal strain results matched sonomicrometry measurements. In vivo, a significant decrease in maximum and minimum principal strains was observed in TAA cases, whose range was respectively 7.9 ± 6.4% and 8.2 ± 2.6% smaller than in normal aortas.ConclusionsThe proposed principal strain estimator showed an ability to potentially assess TAA deformability, which may provide an individualized and reliable evaluation method for TAA rupture risk assessment.
Differences in Population Characteristics and Modeled Response to Harvest Regulations in Reestablished Appalachian Walleye Populations
Authors: Smith Dustin M. , Hilling Corbin D. , Welsh Stuart A. , Wellman David I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Historically, the Monongahela, Tygart, and Cheat River watersheds in West Virginia were impaired by acidification from acid mine drainage and Walleye Sander vitreus were extirpated from these watersheds by the 1940s. Walleye were reestablished after water quality improvements following passage of environmental legislation and subsequent reintroduction efforts. We compared population characteristics, with emphasis on growth, of Walleye and used modeling to predict the potential effects of harvest regulations in the Monongahela River and two main-stem reservoirs in the Cheat River and Tygart River watersheds. Statistical comparisons of von Bertalanffy growth curves and relative growth indices indicated that Walleye growth significantly differed across all water bodies. Relative growth index results suggested that Walleye growth was above average in Cheat Lake, average in the Monongahela River, and below average in Tygart Lake relative to other North American populations. Growth was negatively correlated with Walleye relative abundance and positively correlated with estimates of productivity (total phosphorus, chlorophyll a). Walleye diets significantly differed across all water bodies, with diets dominated by Yellow Perch Perca flavescens and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum in Cheat Lake, where growth was fastest. Population modeling suggested that effects of exploitation on yield, spawning potential, and size structure were similar under regulations of no length limit and a minimum length limit (381 mm). Models suggested that removing length limits in Tygart Lake could increase angler harvest opportunities and pose minimal threat to the fishery. Models suggested that a protected slot limit could provide increased protection to the spawning potential of Cheat Lake and the Monongahela River populations. Additionally, models predicted that a protected slot limit could increase the number of large (&gt;630-mm) Walleye in these waters. Our findings demonstrate the different characteristics that Walleye populations can develop after reestablishment based on abiotic and biotic conditions and the need for watershed-specific management.
Functional variants in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A) are enriched in Southwest American Indian individuals and associate with obesity
Authors: Day Samantha E. , Traurig Michael , Kumar Pankaj , Piaggi Paolo , Koroglu Cigdem , Kobes Sayuko , Hanson Robert L. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify genetic variants enriched in Southwest American Indian (SWAI) individuals that associate with BMI.MethodsWhole genome sequencing data (n = 296) were used to identify potentially functional variants that are common in SWAI individuals (minor allele frequency ≥10%) but rare in other ethnic groups (minor allele frequency < 0.1%). Enriched variants were tested for association with BMI in 5,870 SWAI individuals. One variant was studied using a luciferase reporter, and haplotypes that included this variant were analyzed for association with various measures of obesity (n = 917‐5,870), 24‐hour energy expenditure (24‐h EE; n = 419), and skeletal muscle biopsy expression data (n = 207).ResultsA 5′ untranslated region variant in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A), rs548402150, met the enrichment criteria and associated with increased BMI (β = 2%, p = 0.004). Functionally, rs548402150 decreased luciferase expression by 30% (p = 0.003) and correlated with decreased skeletal muscle CYB5A expression (β = −0.5 SD, p = 0.0008). Combining rs548402150 with two splicing quantitative trait loci in CYB5A identified a haplotype carried almost exclusively in SWAI individuals that associated with increased BMI (β = 3%, p = 0.0003) and decreased CYB5A expression, whereas the most common haplotype in all ethnic groups associated with lower BMI and percentage of body fatness, increased 24‐h EE, and increased CYB5A expression.ConclusionsFurther studies on the effects of CYB5A on 24‐h EE and BMI may provide insights into obesity‐related physiology.
Bladder function after conservative surgery and high‐dose rate brachytherapy for bladder–prostate rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Lobo Sara , Gaze Mark N. , Slater Olga , Hoskin Peter , Sands Gordon , Sullivan Tracy , Cho Alexander , Eminowicz Gemma , Smeulders Naima 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundConservative surgery (CS) brachytherapy (BT) techniques for local therapy in bladder–prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (BP‐RMS) seek to retain organ function. We report bladder function after high‐dose rate (HDR) BT combined with targeted CS for any vesical component of BP‐RMS.ProcedureProspective cohort of all BP‐RMS patients between 2014 and 2019 receiving HDR‐BT (iridium‐192, 27.5 Gy in five fractions) with/without percutaneous endoscopic polypectomy (PEP) or partial cystectomy (PC). Functional assessment included frequency–volume chart, voided volumes, post‐void residual, flow studies, continence status and ultrasound scanning; abnormalities triggered video urodynamics.ResultsThirteen patients (10 male), aged 9 months to 4 years (median 23 months), presented with localised fusion‐negative embryonal BP‐RMS measuring 23–140 mm (median 43 mm) in cranio‐caudal extent. After induction chemotherapy, local treatment consisted of PC+BT in three, PEP+BT in four and BT alone in six. At a median 3.5 years (range 21 months to 7 years) follow‐up, all were alive without relapse. At a median age of 6 years (4–9 years), the median bladder capacity was 86% (47%–144%) of that expected for age, including 75% (74%–114%) after PC. Radiation dose to the bladder was associated with urinary urgency, but not bladder capacity or nocturnal enuresis. Complications occurred in two: one urethral stricture and one vesical decompensation in a patient with pre‐existing high‐grade vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR). The remaining patients were dry by day; five with anticholinergic medication for urinary urgency. Three patients are enuretic.ConclusionsDay‐time dryness at a median 3.5 years after CS‐HDR‐BT was achieved in 92%, with 85% voiding urethrally, and 62% attaining day‐and‐night continence aged 4–9 years. We report reduced open surgery with minimally invasive percutaneous surgery, with HDR‐BT or BT alone being suitable for many.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with Emanuel syndrome: Results of ultrasound examination and invasive genetic testing
Authors: Hao Xiulan , Wu Jianzhu , Fu Wenting , Zhang Rui , Zhong Shilin , Deng Yuqing , Zhu Yunxiao , Ye Yanchou , Fang Qun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate prenatal manifestations of Emanuel syndrome (ES) by retrospectively analyzing the results of prenatal diagnosis.MethodsThirteen fetuses were collected from five hospitals, of which six were confirmed with 47,der(22)t(11;22; ES) by karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Seven were diagnosed with 46,t(11;22) balanced translocations by karyotype, including one de novo mosaic 46,XX,t(11;22). In 3/7, CMA was performed but did not identify chromosomal imbalances. The results of prenatal diagnoses were reviewed, including ultrasound examinations and genetic testing.ResultsIn ES fetuses, the derivative 22 was consistently inherited from the mother, while in the balanced translocation group, the t(11;22) chromosome was of paternal origin in 3/6 cases, All ES fetuses presented with multiple abnormalities by ultrasound examinations. Diaphragm hernia (3/6), Dandy‐Walker complex (3/6), and kidney aplasia (3/6), were the most common ultrasound findings. Sonographic soft markers such as increased nuchal translucency, increased nuchal fold thickness appeared in 3 cases and all of these were associated with other anomalies. However, none of the ultrasound findings differentiated ES from other genetic syndromes during fetal period.ConclusionsIn this series, in fetuses with a der(22), the derivative chromosome was consistently of maternal origin. In contrast, 46,t(11;22) balanced translocations were of maternal or paternal origin. The results contribute to the literature regarding the fetal phenotype of ES. Due to the absence of specific features distinguishing ES from other genetic syndromes, confirming the diagnosis through invasive genetic testing is necessary.
Erythropoietin for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Jing , Hao Qingfei , Chen Haoming , Cheng Xiuyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) has erythropoiesis and anti‐inflammatory properties that might help reduce lung injury in preterm infants.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the possible role of rEPO in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of rEPO for the prevention of BPD in preterm infants.ResultsFourteen studies (3199 infants) were included. Our results could not demonstrate a significant effect of rEPO on the incidence of BPD36 (risk ratio [RR]: 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–1.09, p = 0.63, I2 = 0, 12 RCTs, high‐quality evidence), BPD28 (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.91–1.79, p = 0.15, I2 = 17%, three RCTs, low‐quality evidence) and oxygen dependence days. The test for subgroup analysis by administration route of rEPO showed similar outcomes above. Some of the included trials reported a significant effect of intravenous rEPO on reduction of sepsis (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96, p = 0.01, I2 = 0, high‐quality evidence) and any stage necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94, p = 0.01, I2 = 0, moderate‐quality evidence). The incidence of mortality and stage II or higher NEC was comparable in rEPO and control infants.ConclusionOur results suggest that rEPO does not affect the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants. Adequately powered RCTs are required to further confirm these findings.
Smartglass augmented reality‐assisted targeted prostate biopsy using cognitive point‐of‐care fusion technology
Authors: Sparwasser Peter , Haack Maximilian , Epple Stefan , Frey Lisa , Zeymer Steffen , Dotzauer Robert , Jungmann Florian , Böhm Katharina , Höfner Thomas , Tsaur Igor , Haferkamp Axel , Borgmann Hendrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionMRI‐guided targeted biopsy has become standard of care for diagnosis of prostate cancer, with establishment of several biopsy techniques and platforms. Augmented reality smart glasses have emerged as novel technology to support image‐guided interventions. We aimed to investigate its usage while prostate biopsy.MethodsMRI with PIRADS‐lesions ≥3 was uploaded to smart glasses (Vuzix BladeR) and augmented reality smart glasses‐assisted targeted biopsy (SMART‐TB) of the prostate was performed using cognitive fusion technology at the point of care. Detection rates were compared to systematic biopsy. Feasibility for SMART‐TB was assessed (10 domains from bad [1] to excellent [10]).ResultsSMART‐TB was performed for four patients. Prostate cancer detection was more likely for SMART‐TB (46%; 13/28) than for systematic biopsy (27%; 13/48). Feasibility scores were high [8–10] for practicality, multitasking, execution speed, comfort and device weight and low [1–4] for handling, battery and image quality. Median execution time: 28 min; Investment cost smart glass: 1017 USD.ConclusionFirst description of SMART‐TB demonstrated convenient feasibility. This novel technology might enhance diagnosis of prostate cancer in future.
Analysis of composite endpoints with component‐wise censoring in the presence of differential visit schedules
Authors: Eaton Anne A. , Zabor Emily C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComposite endpoints are very common in clinical research, such as recurrence‐free survival in oncology research, defined as the earliest of either death or disease recurrence. Because of the way data are collected in such studies, component‐wise censoring is common, where, for example, recurrence is an interval‐censored event and death is a right‐censored event. However, a common way to analyze such component‐wise censored composite endpoints is to treat them as right‐censored, with the date at which the non‐fatal event was detected serving as the date the event occurred. This approach is known to introduce upward bias when the Kaplan‐Meier estimator is applied, but has more complex impact on semi‐parametric regression approaches. In this article we compare the performance of the Cox model estimators for right‐censored data and the Cox model estimators for interval‐censored data in the context of component‐wise censored data where the visit process differs across levels of a covariate of interest, a common scenario in observational data. We additionally examine estimators of the cause‐specific hazard when applied to the individual components of such component‐wise censored composite endpoints. We found that when visit schedules differed according to levels of a covariate of interest, the Cox model estimators for right‐censored data and the estimators for cause‐specific hazards were increasingly biased as the frequency of visits decreased. The Cox model estimator for interval‐censored data with censoring at the last disease‐free date is recommended for use in the presence of differential visit schedules.
Transition Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Aryl Secondary and Primary Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds in Open Air
Authors: Wang Xuerong , Gao Yu , Chen Ying , Sun Huilin , Li Caicui , Pang Chaohai , Gao Yanan , Zhang Xiaolin , Cheng Ruijing , Xu Huanjun , Wang Jinhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ketones and benzoic acids are very useful chemicals as the precursors and intermediates in both laboratory and synthetic industrial applications, which are usually obtained by selective catalytic oxidation of alcohols using a amount of certain expensive oxidants or metal catalysts. Here, an efficient and practical oxidation the aryl secondary and primary alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds using NaOtBu in open air at room temperature has been developed. And utilizing NaOtBu/air/ toluene, a series of ketones or benzoic acids were obtained from secondary and primary alcohols in high yields, respectively. More importantly, most of the substrates with electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups could be converted to the corresponding products in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the practicality of the reaction was demonstrated through 1.0 gram‐scale reaction with excellent yield.
An Ab‐initio Study of the C18 nanocluster for Hazardous Gas Sensor Application
Authors: Vadalkar Shardul , Chodvadiya Darshil , Som Narayan N. , Vyas Keyur N. , Jha Prafulla K. , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction mechanism of CO, NO, and NH3 gas molecules with cyclo[18]carbon (C18 nanocluster) is important in developing C18 nanocluster based sensors for hazardous gas detection. In this work, the adsorption performance of these gases with C18 nanocluster was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. We have analyzed structural, electronic and sensing properties of C18 along with Raman spectra to understand the sensing behaviour. We observed that the CO and NO molecules show chemisorption whereas NH3 molecule shows physisorption towards C18 nanocluster. The decrement of HOMO‐LUMO gap after adsorption shows increment in conductivity, which is a good sign for sensor application. The fast recovery time of C18 nanocluster (nanosecond to femtosecond) for CO and NO adsorption makes it portable and its abundance in nature as low‐cost gas sensors. In a nutshell, the analysis of adsorption and electronic properties suggest that the C18 nanocluster can be used as the ultra‐fast hazardous gas sensor.
Analysis of Small RNA Sequencing Data in Plants
Authors: Garg Vanika , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been employed extensively for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of small RNAs. Several bioinformatics tools are available for aiding biologists to extract meaningful information from enormous amounts of data generated by NGS platforms. This chapter describes a detailed methodology for analyzing small RNA sequencing data using different open source tools. We elaborate on various steps involved in analysis, from processing the raw sequencing reads to identifying miRNAs, their targets, and differential expression studies.
Climate Change Risk and Adaptation
Authors: Tamura Makoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change is considered by many to be the most critical issue of our time, posing a threat to security and socio-economic prosperity at the global level (MFAJ 2017). Asia is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, as more than 60% (approximately 4.5 billion) of the world’s people live in the region, making it a growth center of the world (UNDESA 2017).
Sharing Interlocal Adaptation Lessons
Authors: Tamura Makoto , Ito Tetsuji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs seen in the previous chapters, Asia is one of the regions most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, as it represents more than 60% of the world’s population, making it the growth center of the world. The climate in East and Southeast Asia is incredibly diverse and includes many climate zones, from tropical to subarctic. The impacts of and adaptations to climate change is this region are also diverse. A variety of adaptation practices have already employed to minimize the risk of climate change among the countries in this area, and a number of similarities and ongoing challenges are apparent. Therefore, to adapt more effectively to climate change, it is essential for these countries to share their knowledge and experiences with each other.
The Southeast Asia Research-Based Network on Climate Change Adaptation Science (SARNCCAS) -Weaving the Wisdom of Climate Change Adaptation into Glocal Networks-
Authors: Ito Tetsuji , Kotera Akihiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the twenty-first century, the problems caused by climate change are becoming increasingly apparent, especially in developing countries such as those in Southeast Asia. As scientists, we have been hoping to strengthen our academic relationship on this thesis to cooperate and fight against such global problems. Nevertheless, the effects of climate change are not the same in any region of the world. Therefore, attention must be paid to each individual, and it is vital to connect them interlocally. If we could relativize the problems of each country and region, and analyze and examine them more objectively from different angles by networking such research bases, we would likely be able to produce significant results in regard to the sustainable development of this region.
Mixing Grey and Green Infrastructures for Coastal Adaptation in Vietnam
Authors: Tamura Makoto , Pham Oanh Thi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVietnam has approximately 5600 km of coastline and is among the countries most vulnerable to future sea level rise (SLR). In terms of risk of inundation and affected population, Vietnam is one of the countries most at risk from climate change (MONRE 2016; Tamura et al. 2019). According to tide gauge readings, mean sea level increased 2.45 mm/year between 1960 and 2014; satellite data indicates a 3.50 ± 0.7 mm/year rise between 1993 and 2014 (MONRE 2016). As sea levels continue to rise, those living in and near coastal areas face a serious threat.
Climate Change Adaptation Practices Towards Sustainable Watershed Management: The Case of Abuan Watershed in Ilagan City, Philippines
Authors: Balderama Orlando F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the Philippines, it is the local government units (LGUs) who are at the forefront in implementing initiatives related to disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in their respective jurisdictions. The legal framework governing DRRM and CCA devolves to the LGUs the responsibility to prepare and integrate local CCA and DRRM into locally mandated plans, particularly into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Comprehensive Development Plans (CDP). The legal framework governing the country’s climate change and disaster risk reduction and management policies are as follows: