bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of choir singing on complex auditory encoding in the aging brain: An ERP study
Authors: Pentikäinen Emmi , Kimppa Lilli , Makkonen Tommi , Putkonen Mikko , Pitkäniemi Anni , Salakka Ilja , Paavilainen Petri , Tervaniemi Mari , Särkämö Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAging is accompanied by difficulties in auditory information processing, especially in more complex sound environments. Choir singing requires efficient processing of multiple sound features and could, therefore, mitigate the detrimental effects of aging on complex auditory encoding. We recorded auditory event‐related potentials during passive listening of sounds in healthy older adult (≥ 60 years) choir singers and nonsinger controls. We conducted a complex oddball condition involving encoding of abstract regularities in combinations of pitch and location features, as well as in two simple oddball conditions, in which only either the pitch or spatial location of the sounds was varied. We analyzed change‐related mismatch negativity (MMN) and obligatory P1 and N1 responses in each condition. In the complex condition, the choir singers showed a larger MMN than the controls, which also correlated with better performance in a verbal fluency test. In the simple pitch and location conditions, the choir singers had smaller N1 responses compared to the control subjects, whereas the MMN responses did not differ between groups. These results suggest that regular choir singing is associated both with more enhanced encoding of complex auditory regularities and more effective adaptation to simple sound features.
Non‐sebaceous lymphadenoma‐like mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Sakamoto Shinnichi , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Ando Toshinori , Fujihara Megumu , Nakaguro Masato , Nagao Toshitaka , Ogawa Ikuko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐sebaceous lymphadenoma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor comprised of non‐sebaceous epithelial cells and lymphoid tissue. Although its clinicopathological features have been described, its histogenesis and genetic background have not yet been elucidated. MAML2 rearrangement and the resultant CRTC1/3‐MAML2 fusion gene are well‐known specific genetic changes in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Here, we present a case of lymphoepithelial tumor characterized by histomorphology of the non‐sebaceous lymphadenoma and CRTC1‐MAML2 fusion gene. The patient was an 83‐year‐old woman with an 8‐year history of a solid, well‐circumscribed tumor in the parotid gland. Histologically, the tumor was surrounded by thin fibrous connective tissue and was composed of tubular‐cystic and solid nests of epithelial cells equally distributed in the lymphoid tissue. The histological features were suggestive of non‐sebaceous lymphadenoma. Although the histomorphology was not consistent with mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a diagnosis of non‐sebaceous lymphadenoma‐like mucoepidermoid carcinoma was made based on the presence of the CRTC1‐MAML2 fusion gene. The histological features alone could not establish the diagnosis, and ancillary molecular analysis was required.
Hot Populism? Affective Responses to Antiestablishment Rhetoric
Authors: Schumacher Gijs , Rooduijn Matthijs , Bakker Bert N. 
Published: May 2022

Populist rhetoric is often portrayed as deeply emotional, aimed at provoking gut‐level, affective responses. It clearly enthuses some voters, while other voters clearly resent it. Yet we know very little about the affective responses that populist rhetoric actually evokes. For whom is populist rhetoric, particularly its antiestablishment component, arousing, and who has positive or negative affective responses? To analyze this, we study affective responses to antiestablishment and proestablishment rhetoric. We follow the circumplex model and conceptualize affective responses as arousal (measured with skin‐conductance levels) and valence (measured with facial electromyography [fEMG]). We use data (N = 343) collected at different sites (a music festival, the university lab, a religious gathering, a biker festival, a museum, and a fair) and our analyses are based on a preregistered analysis plan. We find no overall differences in affective responses to antiestablishment versus proestablishment rhetoric. We do find, however, that affective responses are conditional on vote choice and education level. Specifically, the lower educated respond with more arousal, and those who vote for the populist radical right also respond with more negative valence. These effects only manifest themselves vis‐à‐vis proestablishment rhetoric and, hence, suggest an incongruency effect. This raises the question of what constitutes the populist counterframe.
The effects of fullerene on photosynthetic apparatus, chloroplast‐encoded gene expression, and nitrogen assimilation in Zea mays under cobalt stress
Authors: Ozfidan‐Konakci Ceyda , Alp Fatma Nur , Arikan Busra , Balci Melike , Parmaksizoglu Zeynep , Yildiztugay Evren , Cavusoglu Halit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon nanostructures, such as the water‐soluble fullerene (FLN) derivatives, are considered perspective agents for agriculture. FLN can be a novel nano‐agent modulating plant response against stress conditions. However, the mechanism underlying the impacts of FLN on plants in agroecosystems remains unclear. Zea mays was exposed to exogenous C60‐FLN applications (FLN1: 100; FLN2: 250; and FLN3: 500 mg L−1) with/without cobalt stress (Co, 300 μM) for 3 days (d). In the maize chloroplasts, Co stress disrupted the photosynthetic efficiency and the expression of genes related to the photosystems (psaA and psbA). FLNs effectively improved the efficiency and photochemical reaction of photosystems. Co stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as confirmed by ROS‐specific fluorescence in guard cells. Co stress increased only chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). Stress triggered oxidative damages in maize chloroplasts, measured as an increase in TBARS content. In Co‐stressed seedlings exposed to FLN1 and FLN2 exposures, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was scavenged through the nonenzymes/enzymes‐related to the AsA‐GSH cycle by preserving ascorbate (AsA) conversion, as well as GSH/GSSG and glutathione (GSH) redox state. Also, the alleviation effect of FLN3 against stress could be attributed to increased glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity and AsA regeneration. FLN applications reversed the inhibitory effects of Co stress on nitrogen assimilation. In maize chloroplasts, FLN increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), nitrite reductase (NiR), and glutamine synthetase (GS), which provided conversion of inorganic nitrogen (N) into organic N. The ammonium (NH4+) toxicity was removed via GS and GDH but not glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The increased NAD‐GDH (deaminating) and NADH‐GDH (aminating) activities indicated that GDH was needed more for NH4+ detoxification. Therefore, FLN exposure to Co‐stressed maize plants might play a role in N metabolism regarding the partitioning of N assimilates. Exogenous FLN conceivably removed Co toxicity by improving the expressions of genes related to reaction center proteins of photosystems, increasing the level of enzymes related to the defense system, and improving the N assimilation in maize chloroplasts.
Unknowns, Black Swans, and Bounded Rationality in Public Organizations
Authors: Feduzi Alberto , Runde Jochen , Schwarz Gary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract“Unknowns” and “Black Swans” have become familiar terms in the public administration literature but tend to be used in different and often conflicting ways. This article provides a typology of the terms, develops a framework for thinking about how their elements relate, and distinguishes four varieties of the Black Swan. Using the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster, 9/11, the international withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the trade boycott associated with the Danish cartoon controversy as examples, we examine how these four varieties may arise in public sector organizations. We offer recommendations on how such organizations might reduce psychological and organizational barriers to uncovering unknowns before they can go on to become Black Swans.
How can organic farmers be good farmers? A study of categorisation in organic farmers’ talk
Authors: Lähdesmäki Merja , Vesala Kari Mikko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConversion from conventional to organic farming is considered to indicate changes in farmers’ professional identities—more specifically, in their perceptions of the idea of a ‘good farmer’. In this study, we focus on this theme by analysing how ‘good farmer’ ideals appear when farmers who have converted to organic agriculture make sense of the differences between conventional and organic farming. Through the discursive analysis of interviews with organic farmers, we show how they categorise farmers, producing and using an evaluative division in which both organic and conventional farmers fall into two subcategories, namely, ‘practical organic farmer’, ‘idealistic organic farmer’, ‘conservative conventional farmer’ and ‘rational conventional farmer’. We argue that this categorisation, as a way to define a ‘good farmer’, enables organic farmers to create a coherent identity as ‘good farmers’ in regard to both their former conventional self and current organic self. Our study further contributes to the theoretical discussion on ‘good farmer’ by highlighting that, in addition to productivist symbols and economic viability, organic farmers also view a practical and open‐minded attitude to managing the farm as a criterion of a ‘good farmer’, thus critically distancing themselves from conservative and ideological ideals.
Determiner removal in Balinese nonpivot agents
Authors: Driemel Imke , Tebay Sören E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatient‐voice clauses within the symmetric voice system of Balinese disallow any extraction from the external‐argument position, while definite external arguments are blocked from occurring altogether. The former fact is traditionally taken as evidence for syntactic ergativity in Austronesian. The latter fact has recently been argued to provide evidence for postsyntactic case licensing via adjacency with the verb. In this article, we offer a simple alternative explanation for the in‐situ properties of patient‐voice agents in Balinese—one that does not make reference to case. We argue that patient‐voice heads come with a feature that triggers removal of the external argument's DP shell, resulting in the loss of a determiner and a category‐D feature that would otherwise enable extraction.
Infectious complications in acute graft‐versus‐host disease after liver transplantation
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Udompap Prowpanga , Yetmar Zachary A. , Watt Kymberly D. , Aqel Bashar A. , Yang Liu , Beam Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraft‐versus‐hostdisease (GVHD) following liver transplantation (LT) is rare but can lead tosignificant mortality. The leading cause of death following GVHD diagnosis isinfectious complications. However, there is a lack of clear descriptions concerning infection and antimicrobial management patterns. Our study aims toprovide the focused details of all infectious complications of acute GVHDfollowing LT. We retrospectively reviewed all adult LT recipients with acute GVHD at Mayo Clinic's Transplant Centers from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021. Detailed characteristics of infection in each case were described. Among 4,585 LTs performed during this period, 12 (0.3%) patients developed acuteGVHD. The median time from transplantation to GVHD diagnosis was 49.0 days [IQR 31.5–99.0]. Ten (83.3%) patients developed severe infections leading tomortality. The most common cause of infection was nosocomial bacteremia fromenteric bacteria such as vancomycin‐resistant enterococci and gram‐negative bacilli. Other infections included breakthrough invasive fungal infections,cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and Clostridioides difficile colitis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies in most cases were based on the degree of neutropenia—these include levofloxacin for bacterial prophylaxis, nebulized pentamidine for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis, posaconazole for invasive fungal prophylaxis, and valganciclovir based on CMVstatus. All GVHD patients with severe infections succumbed to thesecomplications. Ourstudy reiterates that despite prophylaxis, infectious complications in GVHDfollowing LT are common and lead to exceptionally high mortality. Individualizedantimicrobial treatment, prophylaxis and monitoring strategies remain a criticalcomponent of GVHD management. Further study to optimize these practices isrequired.
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The effect of acute intradermal administration of ascorbate on heat loss responses in older adults with uncomplicated controlled hypertension
Authors: Fujii Naoto , Meade Robert D. , Schmidt Madison D. , King Kelli E. , Boulay Pierre , Ruzicka Marcel , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does acute intradermal administration of the antioxidant ascorbate augment local forearm cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating via nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent mechanisms during exercise‐heat stress in older adults with uncomplicated controlled hypertension?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Relative to the control site, ascorbate had no effect on forearm cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate, although CVC was reduced with NOS inhibition in older adults with hypertension. Acute local administration of ascorbate to forearm skin does not modulate heat loss responses during exercise‐heat stress in older adults with hypertension.

AbstractNitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to the heat loss responses of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during exercise. However, the contribution of NOS may be attenuated in individuals with uncomplicated, controlled hypertension due to elevated oxidative stress, which can reduce NO bioavailability. We evaluated the hypothesis that the acute local intradermal administration of the antioxidant ascorbate would enhance cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating via NOS‐dependent mechanisms during an exercise‐heat stress in adults with hypertension. Habitually active adults who were normotensive (n = 14, 7 females, 62 ± 4 years) or had uncomplicated, controlled hypertension (n = 13, 6 females, 62 ± 5 years) performed 30 min of moderate‐intensity (50% of their pre‐determined peak oxygen uptake) semi‐recumbent cycling in the heat (35°C, 20% relative humidity). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were assessed at four forearm skin sites continuously perfused with (1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), (2) 10 mM antioxidant ascorbate, (3) 10 mM NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), a non‐selective NOS inhibitor, or (4) a combination of ascorbate and l‐NAME. Relative to Control, no effect of ascorbate was observed on CVC or sweating in either group (P = 0.619). However, l‐NAME reduced CVC relative to Control in both groups (P ≤ 0.038). No effect of any treatment on sweating was observed (P ≥ 0.306). Thus, acute local administration of ascorbate to forearm skin does not enhance the activation of heat loss responses of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in older adults, and those with hypertension during an exercise‐heat stress.
Insights on gastrointestinal motility through the use of optogenetic sensors and actuators
Authors: Drumm Bernard T. , Cobine Caroline A. , Baker Salah A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe muscularis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and various populations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α+ (PDGFRα+) cells, as well as excitatory and inhibitory enteric motor nerves. SMCs, ICC and PDGFRα+ cells form an electrically coupled syncytium, which together with inputs from the enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates GI motility. Early studies evaluating Ca2+ signalling behaviours in the GI tract relied upon indiscriminate loading of tissues with Ca2+ dyes. These methods lacked the means to study activity in specific cells of interest without encountering contamination from other cells within the preparation. Development of mice expressing optogenetic sensors (green calmodulin fusion protein (GCaMP), red calmodulin fusion protein (RCaMP)) has allowed visualization of Ca2+ signalling behaviours in a cell specific manner. Additionally, availability of mice expressing optogenetic modulators (channelrhodopsins or halorhodospins) has allowed manipulation of specific signalling pathways using light. GCaMP‐expressing animals have been used to characterize Ca2+ signalling behaviours of distinct classes of ICC and SMCs throughout the GI musculature. These findings illustrate how Ca2+ signalling in ICC is fundamental in GI muscles, contributing to tone in sphincters, pacemaker activity in rhythmic muscles and relaying enteric signals to SMCs. Animals that express channelrhodopsin in specific neuronal populations have been used to map neural circuitry and to examine post junctional neural effects on GI motility. Thus, optogenetic approaches provide a novel means to examine the contribution of specific cell types to the regulation of motility patterns within complex multi‐cellular systems.
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Remote ischaemic preconditioning – translating cardiovascular benefits to humans
Authors: Lang James A. , Kim Jahyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by intermittent periods of limb ischaemia and reperfusion, confers cardiac and vascular protection from subsequent ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Early animal studies reliably demonstrate that RIPC attenuated infarct size and preserved cardiac tissue. However, translating these adaptations to clinical practice in humans has been challenging. Large clinical studies have found inconsistent results with respect to RIPC eliciting IR injury protection or improving clinical outcomes. Follow‐up studies have implicated several factors that potentially affect the efficacy of RIPC in humans such as age, fitness, frequency, disease state and interactions with medications. Thus, realizing the clinical potential for RIPC may require a human experimental model where confounding factors are more effectively controlled and underlying mechanisms can be further elucidated. In this review, we highlight recent experimental findings in the peripheral circulation that have added valuable insight on the mechanisms and clinical benefit of RIPC in humans. Central to this discussion is the critical role of timing (i.e. immediate vs. delayed effects following a single bout of RIPC) and the frequency of RIPC. Limited evidence in humans has demonstrated that repeated bouts of RIPC over several days uniquely improves vascular function beyond that observed with a single bout alone. Since changes in resistance vessel and microvascular function often precede symptoms and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, repeated bouts of RIPC may be promising as a preclinical intervention to prevent or delay cardiovascular disease progression.
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Effect of Different Forms of Silver on Biological Objects
Authors: Antsiferova A. A. , Kashkarov P. K. , Koval’chuk M. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Silver has been known since ancient times on account of its pronounced antiseptic properties. Currently, its antibacterial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties are highly desired in the food and cosmetic industries, in medicine, and pharmacology. Silver exhibits toxic effects not only on pathogenic organisms but also on healthy cells. Over the past 20 years, nanosilver, a new form of silver, has been introduced in various areas of industry. The transition to the nanoscale form results in the revision of standard approaches to items, including those based on this element, and the emergence of such a novel research area as nanosafety. In this review, we address the history of using different forms of silver, the mechanisms of its interaction with living cells, toxic properties, biokinetic parameters, capability for accumulation in different organs, effects on cognitive functions, and the clinically known argyrosis condition. Relevant publications are critically analyzed and conclusions are drawn. The broader incorporation of such a weakly biophilic element as silver in the biosphere and ecosphere calls for our understanding of biochemical processes underlying the interaction of this element, in its different forms, with living cells and multicellular organisms.
Carbon Nanoparticles as Promising Neuroprotectors: Pro et Contra. I. Functionalization and Toxicity
Authors: Bolshakova O. I. , Slobodina A. D. , Sarantseva S. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Such carbon structures as fullerenes, endofullerenes, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphenes, which were discovered over recent decades, possess a number of unique properties and can become the basis for the design of a new class of neuroprotective agents; however, despite years of research, this has not happened yet. In the first part of the review, the significance of the functionalization of carbon nanoparticles for their use in biology and medicine is described, and the data on their toxicity are also discussed. The second part presents the works of Russian and foreign scientists demonstrating the neuroprotective properties of carbon nanoparticles and the possibilities of their application in neurobiology and neurology. The successful experience of such experiments is described and the existing problems are indicated.
Carbon Nanoparticles as Promising Neuroprotectors: Pro et Contra. II. Application of Carbon Nanoparticles in Neurobiology and Neurology
Authors: Bolshakova O. I. , Slobodina A. D. , Sarantseva S. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Such carbon structures as fullerenes, endofullerenes, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphenes, which were discovered over the past few decades, possess a number of unique properties and could become the basis for the design of a new class of neuroprotective agents; however, despite years of research, this has not happened yet. In the first part of the review, the significance of the functionalization of carbon nanoparticles for their use in biology and medicine is described, and the data on their toxicity are also discussed. The second part presents the works of Russian and foreign scientists demonstrating the neuroprotective properties of carbon nanoparticles and the possibilities of their application in neurobiology and neurology. The proven experience of such experiments is described and the existing problems are indicated.