bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open reading frame correction using splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Michaels Wren E. , Pena-Rasgado Cecilia , Kotaria Rusudan , Bridges Robert J. , Hastings Michelle L. 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceFrameshift and nonsense mutations pose a major problem for disease therapeutic development. Eliminating these mutations from the messenger RNA by inducing exon skipping is a relatively unexplored treatment approach, though it has shown promise for some diseases. Here, we show that eliminating a common stop mutation associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), by inducing the skipping of the exon it is located in, results in a restoration of the open reading frame and recovers CFTR protein function in a manner expected to be therapeutic in CF patients who don’t currently have effective treatment options. These results are an important advancement for the CF community but also have implications for other diseases where terminating mutations are responsible for dysfunction.
MICROSCOPE: systematic errors
Authors: Rodrigues Manuel , Touboul Pierre , Métris Gilles , Robert Alain , Dhuicque Océane , Bergé Joel , André Yves , Boulanger Damien , Chhun Ratana , Christophe Bruno , Cipolla Valerio , Danto Pascale , Foulon Bernard , Guidotti Pierre-Yves , Hardy Emilie , Huynh Phuong-Anh , Lebat Vincent , Liorzou Françoise , Pouilloux Benjamin , Prieur Pascal , Reynaud Serge , Torresi Patrizia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The MICROSCOPE mission aims to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP) in orbit with an unprecedented precision of 10−15 on the Eötvös parameter thanks to electrostatic accelerometers on board a drag-free micro-satellite. The precision of the test is determined by statistical errors, due to the environment and instrument noises, and by systematic errors to which this paper is devoted. Systematic error sources can be divided into three categories: external perturbations, such as the residual atmospheric drag or the gravity gradient at the satellite altitude, perturbations linked to the satellite design, such as thermal or magnetic perturbations, and perturbations from the instrument internal sources. Each systematic error is evaluated or bounded in order to set a reliable upper bound on the WEP parameter estimation uncertainty.
A novel piezoelectric RF-MEMS resonator with enhanced quality factor
Authors: Li Jinchao , Chen Zeji , Liu Wenli , Yang Jinling , Zhu Yinfang , Yang Fuhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work presents a novel ultra-high frequency Lamb mode Aluminum nitride piezoelectric resonator with enhanced quality factors (Q). With slots introduced in the vicinity of the tether support end, the elastic waves leaking from the tether sidewalls can be reflected, which effectively reduces the anchor loss while retaining size compactness and mechanical robustness. Comprehensive analysis was carried out to provide helpful guidance for obtaining optimal slot designs. For various resonators with frequencies ranging from 630 MHz to 1.97 GHz, promising Q enhancements up to 2 times have all been achieved. The 1.97 GHz resonator implemented excellent f × Q product up to 6.72 × 1012 and low motional resistance down to 340 Ω, which is one of the highest performances among the reported devices. The devices with enhanced Q values as well as compact size possess potential application in advanced radio frequency front end transceivers.
Compact transition enabled broadband propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons based on the equivalent circuit model
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Liu Xin , Sun Yaxiu , Zhang Kuang , Wu Qun , Li Yingsong , Jiang Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a strategy to develop a compact transition of the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission line (TL) is proposed. First, an equivalent distributed circuit model is employed for the theoretical analysis and optimization design of the SSPP unit. The mapping relation between the unit performance and the geometric parameters is deduced from the transmission matrix. The calculated results are compared with the numerical ones from the three-dimensional (3D) simulations for validation. Then, a compact transition (only 0.26λ
g) is built with only two matching units and a tapered strip through optimizations. The optimizations are implemented with the circuit simulations based on the equivalent model, which can remarkably save time in comparison with the 3D simulations. The transition principle is also explained by quantitatively extracting the dispersion properties and impedance characteristics. Finally, a prototype of the proposed SSPP TL is fabricated and measured for demonstration. The measured operating band (0–7.7 GHz) is almost up to the cut-off frequency (about 8 GHz), which remains the inherent broadband low-pass transmission characteristics. Meanwhile, the measured in-band return loss is almost higher than 10 dB, which verifies the high-efficiency propagation. This work can pave the way for building up a new SSPP-based framework of microwave circuits.
Large magnetodielectric coupling in the vicinity of metamagnetic transition in 6H–perovskite Ba3GdRu2O9
Authors: Chhillar S , Mukherjee K , Yadav C S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The 6H-perovskites Ba3RRu2O9 (R = rare earth element) demonstrate the magnetodielectric (MD) coupling as a manifestation of 4d–4f magnetic interactions. Here, a detailed study of the structural, magnetic, heat capacity, and MD properties of the 6H-perovskite Ba3GdRu2O9 is reported. The signature of long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering ∼14.8 K (T
N) is evident from the magnetization and heat capacity studies. The T
N shifts towards the lower temperature side, apart from splitting in two with the application of the magnetic field. Field-dependent magnetization at 2 K shows three metamagnetic transitions with the opening of small hysteresis in different regions. A new transition at T
1 emerges after the onset of the first metamagnetic transition. Complex magnetic behavior is observed in different magnetic field regions whereas these field regions themselves vary with the temperature. Dielectric response recorded at zero and 80 kOe field exhibits the development of MD coupling well above T
N. The MD coupling (∼4.5% at 10 K) is enhanced by 25% as compared to the Dy counterpart. Effect of complex magnetic behavior is also conveyed in the MD results where the maximum value of MD coupling is observed in the vicinity of 10 K (onset of T
1) and near the second metamagnetic transition. Our investigation suggests that both Gd and Ru moments align simultaneously at T
N. Short-range magnetic ordering is possibly responsible for MD coupling above T
N.
Performance enhancement of a scanning electron microscope using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Panchal Suresh , Datar Suwarna , Gopinathan Unnikrishnan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report noise reduction and image enhancement in scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging while maintaining a fast scan rate during imaging, using a deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN). SEM images of non-conducting samples without a conducting coating always suffer from charging phenomenon, giving rise to SEM images with low contrast or anomalous contrast and permanent damage to the sample. One of the ways to avoid this effect is to use fast scan mode, which suppresses the charging effect fairly well. Unfortunately, this also introduces noise and gives blurred images. The D-CNN has been used to predict relatively noise-free images as obtained from a slow scan from a noisy, fast scan image. The predicted images from D-CNN have the sharpness of images obtained from a slow scan rate while reducing the charging effect. We show that by using the proposed method it is possible to increase the scanning rate by a factor of about seven with an output of image quality comparable to that of slow scan mode. We present experimental results in support of the proposed method.
Median line-gram and its application in the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
Authors: Wang Xinglong , Zheng Jinde , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The level selection of frequency band division structure relies on prior information in most gram approaches that capture the optimal demodulation frequency band (ODFB). When an improper level is specified in these approaches, the fault characteristic information contained in the produced ODFB may be insufficient. This study proposes a unique approach, termed median line-gram, to tackle the level selection problem. To divide the frequency domain signal into a series of demodulation frequency bands, a spectrum median-line segmentation model based on Akima interpolation is first created. The level and boundary of the segmentation model can be adaptively identified by this means. Second, the acquired frequency bands are quantized using the negative entropy index, and the ODFB is defined as the frequency band with the largest value. Third, the envelope spectrum is used to determine the ODFB characteristic frequency to pinpoint the bearing fault location. Finally, both simulation and experimental signal analysis are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested method. Furthermore, the proposed method extracts more defect feature information from the ODFB than existing methods.
Simulating intergranular hydrogen enhanced decohesion in aluminium using density functional theory
Authors: Wilson Benjamin T , Robson Joseph D , Shanthraj Pratheek , Race Christopher P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Materials modelling at the atomistic scale provides a useful way of investigating the widely debated fundamental mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement in materials like aluminium alloys. Density functional theory based tensile tests of grain boundaries (GBs) can be used to understand the hydrogen enhanced decohesion mechanism (HEDE). The cohesive zone model was employed to understand intergranular fracture from energies obtained in electronic structure calculations at small separation increments during ab initio tensile tests of an aluminium Σ11 GB supercell with variable coverages of H. The standard rigid grain shift (RGS) test and a quasistatic sequential test, which aims to be faster and more realistic than the RGS method, were implemented. Both methods demonstrated the effects of H on the cohesive strength of the interface. The sequential method showed discrete structural changes during decohesion, along with significant deformation in general compared to the standard rigid approach. H was found to considerably weaken the GB, where increasing H content led to enhanced embrittlement such that, for the highest coverages of H, GB strength was reduced to approximately 20% of the strength of a pure Al GB—it is proposed that these results simulate HEDE. The possibility of finding H coverages required to induce this effect in real alloy systems is discussed in context by using calculations of the heat of segregation of H.
Advancement in fabrication of carbon nanotube tip for atomic force microscope using multi-axis nanomanipulator in scanning electron microscope
Authors: Kanth Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Anjli , Park Byong Chon , Song Woon , Ruh Hyun , Hong Jaewan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have constructed a new nanomanipulator (NM) in a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) tip to precisely adjust the length and attachment angle of CNT onto the mother atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. The new NM is composed of 2 modules, each of which has the degree of freedom of three-dimensional rectilinear motion x, y and z and one-dimensional rotational motion θ. The NM is mounted on the stage of a FE-SEM. With the system of 14 axes in total which includes 5 axes of FE-SEM and 9 axes of nano-actuators, it was possible to see CNT tip from both rear and side view about the mother tip. With the help of new NM, the attachment angle error could be reduced down to 0° as seen from both the side and the rear view, as well as, the length of the CNT could be adjusted with the precision using electron beam induced etching. For the proper attachment of CNT on the mother tip surface, the side of the mother tip was milled with focused ion beam. In addition, electron beam induced deposition was used to strengthen the adhesion between CNT and the mother tip. In order to check the structural integrity of fabricated CNT, transmission electron microscope image was taken which showed the fine cutting of CNT and the clean surface as well. Finally, the performance of the fabricated CNT tip was demonstrated by imaging 1-D grating and DNA samples with atomic force microscope in tapping mode.
Thermodynamic formalism for transient dynamics on the real line
Authors: Gröger M , Jaerisch J , Kesseböhmer M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We develop a new thermodynamic formalism to investigate the transient behaviour of maps on the real line which are skew-periodic

Z

-extensions of expanding interval maps. Our main focus lies in the dimensional analysis of the recurrent and transient sets as well as in determining the full dimension spectrum with respect to α-escaping sets. Our results provide a one-dimensional model for the phenomenon of a dimension gap occurring for limit sets of Kleinian groups. In particular, we show that a dimension gap occurs if and only if we have non-zero drift and we are able to precisely quantify its width as an application of our new formalism.
Alpha particle microdosimetry calculations using a shallow neural network
Authors: Wagstaff Peter , Gabiña Pablo Mínguez , Mínguez Ricardo , Roeske John C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A shallow neural network was trained to accurately calculate the microdosimetric parameters, 〈z
1〉 and 〈z
1
2〉 (the first and second moments of the single-event specific energy spectra, respectively) for use in alpha-particle microdosimetry calculations. The regression network of four inputs and two outputs was created in MATLAB and trained on a data set consisting of both previously published microdosimetric data and recent Monte Carlo simulations. The input data consisted of the alpha-particle energies (3.97–8.78 MeV), cell nuclei radii (2–10 μm), cell radii (2.5–20 μm), and eight different source-target configurations. These configurations included both single cells in suspension and cells in geometric clusters. The mean square error (MSE) was used to measure the performance of the network. The sizes of the hidden layers were chosen to minimize MSE without overfitting. The final neural network consisted of two hidden layers with 13 and 20 nodes, respectively, each with tangential sigmoid transfer functions, and was trained on 1932 data points. The overall training/validation resulted in a MSE = 3.71 × 10−7. A separate testing data set included input values that were not seen by the trained network. The final test on 892 separate data points resulted in a MSE = 2.80 × 10−7. The 95th percentile testing data errors were within ±1.4% for 〈z
1〉 outputs and ±2.8% for 〈z
1
2〉 outputs, respectively. Cell survival was also predicted using actual versus neural network generated microdosimetric moments and showed overall agreement within ±3.5%. In summary, this trained neural network can accurately produce microdosimetric parameters used for the study of alpha-particle emitters. The network can be exported and shared for tests on independent data sets and new calculations.
Collisional radiative model for the evaluation of the thermal helium beam diagnostic at ASDEX upgrade
Authors: Wendler D , Dux R , Fischer R , Griener M , Wolfrum E , Birkenmeier G , Stroth U 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The thermal helium beam diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade is used to infer the electron density n

e
and temperature T

e
in the scrape-off layer and the pedestal region from the emission of visible lines of the locally injected helium. The link between n

e
and T

e
and the emission is provided by a collisional radiative model, which delivers the evolution of the populations of the relevant excited states as the He atoms travel through the plasma. A computationally efficient method with just three effective states is shown to provide a good approximation of the population dynamics. It removes an artificial rise of T

e
at the plasma edge when using a simple static model. Furthermore, the re-absorption of the vacuum ultra-violet resonance lines has been introduced as an additional excitation mechanism being mainly important in the region close to the injection point. This extra excitation leads to a much better fit of the measured line ratios in this region for larger puff rates.
Progress in researching the implosion of nested arrays of mixed composition and the generation of soft x-ray power pulse
Authors: Mitrofanov K N , Aleksandrov V V , Branitski A V , Grabovskiy E V , Gritsuk A N , Oleinik G M , Frolov I N , Samokhin A A , Olkhovskaya O G , Gasilov V A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The results of experiments on the study of plasma compression of nested wire arrays of mixed composition and the generation of powerful pulses of soft x-ray radiation (SXR), carried out on a pulse power facility Angara-5-1 at a current level of up to 3 MA, are presented. Based on the latest experimental data on the intensity of plasma formation of various substances

m
˙

(in μg(cm2 ns)−1) (Mitrofanov et al 2020 Plasma Phys. Rep.
46 1150–80) and on the features of the dynamics of plasma compression in nested arrays (Mitrofanov et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Rep.
44 203–35), a nested wire array design has been developed which makes it possible to obtain a high peak SXR power in comparison with the known designs of single and nested tungsten wire arrays. During the implosion of nested arrays of mixed composition, consisting of plastic fibers and tungsten wires, shorter and more powerful SXR pulses were obtained with a maximum peak power P
SXR
max∼ 10 TW with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) duration of ∼5 ns compared to the parameters of SXR pulses upon compression of single tungsten arrays: P
SXR
max∼ 5 TW and FWHM ∼ 10 ns. Thus, under the conditions of our experiments, we have shown the possibility of a twofold increase in the peak SXR power during compression of nested arrays by optimizing their design.
Linear bounded potential model for semiconductor band bending
Authors: Villavicencio F , Ferreyra J M , Bridoux G , Villafuerte M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose a simple but unexplored model for the semiconductor band bending with the aim to obtain a relatively simple expression to calculate the energy spectrum for the confined levels and the analytical expressions for wave-functions. This model consists of a linear potential but it is bounded or trimmed in energy unlike the well known wedge potential (WP) model. We present exact solutions for this potential in the frame of the effective mass approximation and they are valid for electron or hole confinement potential. This model provides a more adequate physical scenario than the WP since it takes into account the charge balance involved in the band bending potential. These results allow to treat confined potential problems as in the case of a two-dimensional electron gas in a simplified way. We discuss the application of this approximation to the recombination time of electrons an holes and for the Franz–Keldysh effect.
Self-generated quantum gauge fields in arrays of Rydberg atoms
Authors: Ohler Simon , Kiefer-Emmanouilidis Maximilian , Browaeys Antoine , Büchler Hans Peter , Fleischhauer Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As shown in recent experiments (Lienhard et al 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 021031), spin–orbit coupling in systems of Rydberg atoms can give rise to density-dependent Peierls phases in second-order hoppings of Rydberg spin excitations and nearest-neighbor repulsion. We here study theoretically a one-dimensional zig-zag ladder system of such spin–orbit coupled Rydberg atoms at half filling. The second-order hopping is shown to be associated with an effective gauge field, which in mean-field approximation is static and homogeneous. Beyond the mean-field level the gauge potential attains a transverse quantum component whose amplitude is dynamical and linked to density modulations. We here study the effects of this to the possible ground-state phases of the system. In a phase where strong repulsion leads to a density wave, we find that as a consequence of the induced quantum gauge field a regular pattern of current vortices is formed. However also in the absence of density–density interactions the quantum gauge field attains a non-vanishing amplitude. Above a certain critical strength of the second-order hopping the energy gain due to gauge-field induced transport overcomes the energy cost from the associated build-up of density modulations leading to a spontaneous generation of the quantum gauge field.
X-ray flares raising upon magnetar plateau as an implication of a surrounding disk of newborn magnetized neutron star
Authors: Zheng Tian-Ci , Li Long , Zou Le , Wang Xiang-Gao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The X-ray flares have usually been ascribed to long-lasting activities of the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), e.g., fallback accretion. The GRB X-ray plateaus, however, favor a millisecond magnetar central engine. The fallback accretion can be significantly suppressed due to the propeller effect of a magnetar. Therefore, if the propeller regime cannot resist the mass flow onto the surface of the magnetar efficiently, the X-ray flares raising upon the magnetar plateau would be expected. In this work, such peculiar cases are connected to the accretion process of the magnetars, and an implication for magnetar-disc structure is given. We investigate the repeated accretion process with multi-flare GRB 050730, and give a discussion for the accretion-induced variation of the magnetic field in GRB 111209A. Two or more flares exhibit in the GRB 050730, 060607A and 140304A; by adopting magnetar mass M = 1.4 M
⊙ and radius R = 12 km, the average mass flow rates of the corresponding surrounding disk are 3.53 × 10−4
M
⊙ s−1, 4.23 × 10−4
M
⊙ s−1, and 4.33 × 10−4
M
⊙ s−1, and the corresponding average sizes of the magnetosphere are 5.01 × 106 cm, 6.45 × 106 cm, and 1.09 × 107 cm, respectively. A statistic analysis that contains eight GRBs within 12 flares shows that the total mass loading in single flare is ∼ 2 × 10−5
M
⊙. In the lost mass of a disk, there are about 0.1% used to feed a collimated jet.
Spatially resolved properties of supernova host galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Zhang Hong-Xuan , Chen Yan-Mei , Shi Yong , Bao Min , Yu Xiao-Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We crossmatch galaxies from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory with the Open Supernova Catalog, obtaining a total of 132 SNe within MaNGA bundle. These 132 SNe can be classified into 67 Type Ia and 65 Type CC. We study the global and local properties of supernova host galaxies statistically. Type Ia SNe are distributed in both star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies, while Type CC SNe are all distributed along the star-forming main sequence. As the stellar mass increases, the Type Ia/CC number ratio increases. We find: (1) there is no obvious difference in the interaction possibilities and environments between Type Ia SN hosts and a control sample of galaxies with similar stellar mass and SFR distributions, except that Type Ia SNe tend to appear in galaxies which are more bulge-dominated than their controls. For Type CC SNe, there is no difference between their hosts and the control galaxies in galaxy morphology, interaction possibilities as well as environments; (2) compared to galaxy centers, the SN locations have smaller velocity dispersion, lower metallicity, and younger stellar population. This is a natural result of radius gradients for all these parameters. The SN location and its symmetrical position relative to the galaxy center, as well as regions with similar effective radii have very similar [Mg/Fe], gas-phase metallicity, gas velocity dispersion and stellar population age.