bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freestanding high-aspect-ratio gold masks for low-energy, phase-based x-ray microscopy
Authors: Makarova Olga V , Divan Ralu , Moldovan Nicolaie , Czaplewski David A , Esposito Michela , Endrizzi Marco , Tang Cha-Mei , Ferrara Joseph D , Olivo Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-resolution, x-ray phase contrast microscopy, a key technique with promising potential in biomedical imaging and diagnostics, is based on narrow-slit high-aspect-ratio gold gratings. We present the development, fabrication details, and experimental testing of the freestanding 10 μm thick gold membrane masks with an array of 0.9–1.5 μm void slit apertures for a novel low-energy x-ray microscope. The overall mask size is 4 mm × 4 mm, with a grating pitch of 7.5 μm, 6.0–6.6 μm wide gold bars are supported by 3 μm wide crosslinks at 400 μm intervals. The fabrication process is based on gold electroplating into a silicon mold coated with various thin films to form a voltage barrier, plating base, and sacrificial layer, followed by the mold removal to obtain the freestanding gold membrane with void slit apertures. We discuss key aspects for the materials and processes, including gold structures homogeneity, residual stresses, and prevention of collapsing of the grid elements. We further demonstrate the possibility to obtain high-resolution, high contrast 2D images of biological samples using an incoherent, rotating anode x-ray tube.
Rh metallene with functionalized polypyrrole surface for hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Deng Kai , Mao Qiqi , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Interface engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by conductive polymer modification is one of the valid methods to promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, we report a simple and universal strategy for the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) modified Rh metallene (Rh@PPy metallene) towards an efficient pH-universal HER. Due to the unique ultrathin 2D metallene structure and the optimized electronic structure between the metallene-PPy surfaces, the as-prepared Rh@PPy metallene not only exhibits excellent HER activity with low overpotentials of 16, 39 and 42 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4, 1 M KOH, and 1 M phosphate buffer solution at current density of 10 mA cm−2, but also displays outstanding stability and durability. This work provides a well-founded pathway to constructe metallene-organic interfaces for various electrocatalytic applications.
An empirical study of modified beat SQI based majority voting fusion method for heart-rate estimation in noisy multimodal cardiovascular signals
Authors: Rankawat Shalini A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives. Most existing heartbeat-detection algorithms rely heavily on cardiovascular signals, namely electrocardiogram (ECG) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), which are often corrupted by noise, leading to unreliable heart-rate estimates. Simultaneously recorded non-cardiovascular (NC) signals help with reliable heart-rate estimates when both cardiovascular signals are corrupted by noise. This study aims to: (i) propose a modified beat signal quality index-based majority voting fusion (MMVF) method to deal with extremely noisy cardiovascular signals; (ii) generate synthetic noise datasets from standard PhysioNet datasets by adding different types of ECG noises, i.e. baseline wander (bw), electrode motion (em), muscle artifact (ma), and realistic artificial ABP noises in clean or low-noise ECG and ABP signals, respectively; and (iii) analyze the effectiveness of the MMVF method for heart-rate estimation with different combinations of beat detectors. Approach. The modified beat signal quality index in the proposed method can identify the quality of the signal even when it contains long durations of noise. The MMVF method assigns uniform weights to the beats detected from all multimodal physiological signals, thus enabling effective participation of beats from NC signals when both cardiovascular signals are corrupted. Results. Fusion of the NC signals with noisy cardiovascular signals using the MMVF method improves heart-rate estimation accuracy over that of single ECG beat detectors like gqrs, epltd, and slope sum function and Teager–Kaiser energy (SSF-TKE) up to 98.81%, 97.95%, and 87.98%, respectively. This method has yielded robust heart-rate estimation within clinically acceptable error limits in concurrently highly noisy cardiovascular signals (ECG: up to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −70 dB and ABP: up to 100% noise duration in noisy segments) by their fusion with NC signals. Significance. This study serves as empirical evidence for the robustness of the MMVF method in scenarios where there are extremely noisy cardiovascular signals and NC signals with ECG R-peak artifacts.
Design and performance evaluation of electromechanical impedance instrumented quantitative corrosion measuring probe based on conical rods
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Wen Lijie , Liu Zhishun , Luo Mingzhang , Jia Sihui , Li Weijie , Lan Chengming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Previous study has proved that using electromechanical impedance instrumented bar-type corrosion measuring probe can realize the quantitative assessment of the corrosion amount. To gain more insights into the working mechanism and design better probes, this work examined a new type of corrosion measuring probe based on the conical rod, and evaluated their performance. Theoretical model of this type of new probes was established based on one dimensional piezo-elasticity theory, and the electrical impedance was derived to obtain first resonant and anti-resonant frequencies in longitudinal vibration mode. Two experiments were performed to validate the feasibility of the probe for corrosion measurement, including the artificial uniform corrosion experiment and the accelerated corrosion test. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results from the artificial uniform corrosion experiment were made, and good agreement was found. Effects of piezoelectric patch thickness and cone angle on first resonant and anti-resonant frequencies were also analyzed. In addition, a wireless impedance measurement system was preliminarily realized, which is very promising in developing the low cost and high accuracy online real-time monitoring technology for the pipeline corrosion monitoring.
Numerical analysis of the contact resistance in a no-insulation layer-wound coil with a simplified electromagnetic–mechanical model
Authors: Li Dongke , Tang Yunkai , Liu Donghui , Yong Huadong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An increase in the contact resistance of a no-insulation (NI) high-temperature superconducting coil was observed in high-field tests, which may be related to the mechanical deformation and the separation between adjacent turns in the coil. The large electromagnetic force generated in the high magnetic field can causeseparation between adjacent turns of the NI coil, which can affect the contact resistance of the magnet. An electromagnetic–mechanical model is built to study the effect of separation on the contact resistance and field delay time of an NI layer-wound coil. The numerical results show that the large electromagnetic force generated in the high field leads to the local separation between adjacent turns and the increase in contact resistance of the NI layer-wound coil. Moreover, a higher external field or target current can result in a larger area of separation, a higher contact resistance and a shorter characteristic field delay time. An overband can restrain the mechanical deformation and separation between turns of the NI coil in the high field, which suppresses the increase of turn-to-turn contact resistance.
The effects of pressure on the lattice of the rare-earth-based perovskite-type oxides SmAlO3 and NdAlO3
Authors: Li Hui , Ma Shuailing , Ye Jili , Li Nana , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the behavior of SmAlO3 and NdAlO3 when they are subject to high pressures. This work is undertaken using angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy at pressures up to 24.2 and 39.0 GPa, respectively. It is found that SmAlO3 undergoes an orthorhombic (Pnma) to rhombohedral (R-3c) structure transition at around 10 GPa; this transition is induced by the rotation of the AlO6 octahedra toward that of the ideal perovskite structure when the material is subject to high pressures. The tilting of the AlO6 octahedra also decreases at high pressures in NdAlO3. It is found that NdAlO3 maintains its original rhombohedral structure for pressures of up to 39.0 GPa. The structural changes observed in these compounds help establish the electrical and magnetic properties of RAlO3 (R = Sm or Nd) at high pressures.
Parametric control of Meissner screening in light-driven superconductors
Authors: Homann Guido , Cosme Jayson G , Mathey Ludwig 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate the Meissner effect in a parametrically driven superconductor using a semiclassical U(1) lattice gauge theory. Specifically, we periodically drive the z-axis tunneling, which leads to an enhancement of the imaginary part of the z-axis conductivity at low frequencies if the driving frequency is blue-detuned from the plasma frequency. This has been proposed as a possible mechanism for light-enhanced interlayer transport in YBa2C3O7−δ
(YBCO). In contrast to this enhancement of the conductivity, we find that the screening of magnetic fields is less effective than in equilibrium for blue-detuned driving, while it displays a tendency to be enhanced for red-detuned driving.
Lattice Boltzmann method with effective correction of phonon properties for nano/microscale heat transfer
Authors: Huang Yufeng , Hou Chaofeng , Ge Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The significant self-heating effect severely restricts the performance and reliability of nano-electronic devices. Accordingly, it is very important to understand the process and mechanism of nano/microscale heat transfer for thermal management and thermal design of devices. In this work, we propose a new Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) scheme with effective correction of phonon mean free path (MFP) and relaxation time to study phonon heat transfer in silicon thin films and silicon medium with defects, where the correction factor is dependent on the lattice structure of LBM. The transformation analysis of phonon transfer mechanism at different scales shows that the size effect of cross-plane thermal conductivity is more remarkable than that of in-plane thermal conductivity. And the thermal conductivity of silicon medium with defects decreases exponentially as defect density increases. The proposed new LBM scheme can generate more accurate results than the traditional ones in the heat conduction simulations of different nano/microscale structures.
Analysis of Landau–Lifshitz and neo-Hookean models for static and dynamic acoustoelastic testing
Authors: Melnikov Andrey , Malcolm Alison E , Poduska Kristin M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A comparison of three different isotropic non-linear elastic models uncovers subtle but important differences in the acoustoelastic responses of a material slab that is subjected to dynamic deformations during a pump-probe experiment. The probe wave deformations are small and are superimposed on larger underlying deformations using three different models: Landau–Lifshitz (using its fourth-order extension), compressible neo-Hookean model (properly accounting for volumetric deformations), and an alternative neo-Hookean model (fully decoupled energies due to distortional isochoric and volumetric deformations). The analyses yield elasticity tensors and respective expressions for the propagation speeds of P-wave and S-wave probes for each model. Despite having many similarities, the different models give different predictions of which probe wave types will have speeds that are perturbed by different pump wave types. The analyses also show a conceptual inconsistency in the Landau–Lifshitz model, that a simple shear deformation induces a stress and a shear wave probe speed that depend on the second-order elastic constant λ, which controls resistance to volumetric changes and thus should not be present in the expressions for shear stress and shear wave probe speeds. Thus, even though the Landau–Lifshitz model is widely used, it may not always be the best option to model experimental data.
A study of anisotropic thermoelectric properties of bulk Germanium Sulfide in its Pnma phase: a combined first-principles and machine-learning approach
Authors: Rakshit Medha , Nath Subhadip , Chowdhury Suman , Mondal Rajkumar , Banerjee Dipali , Jana Debnarayan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work reports a detailed and systematic theoretical study of the anisotropic thermoelectric properties of bulk Germanium Sulfide (GeS) in its orthorhombic Pnma phase. Density functional theory (DFT), employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), has been used to examine the structural and electronic band structure properties of bulk GeS. Electronic transport properties have been studied by solving semiclassical Boltzmann transport equations. A machine-learning approach has been used to estimate the temperature-dependent lattice part of thermal conductivity. The study reveals that GeS has a direct band gap of 1.20 eV. Lattice thermal conductivity is lowest along crystallographic a-direction, with a minimum of ∼0.98 Wm
−1
K
−1 at 700 K. We have obtained the maximum figure of merit (ZT) ∼ 0.73 at 700 K and the efficiency ∼7.86% in a working temperature range of 300 K–700 K for pristine GeS along crystallographic a-direction.
Leakage of gravitational waves into an extra dimension in the DGP model
Authors: Khlopunov M. , Gal'tsov D.V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the DGP model, the graviton is unstable, which leads to a modification of gravity at cosmological distances. In particular, this leads to the leakage of gravitational waves from the brane into an extra dimension at large distances from the source. However, the calculation of the gravitational wave leakage intensity is a non-trivial task due to the violation of the Huygens principle in the five-dimensional bulk of the DGP setup. The odd dimension of the bulk makes it difficult to extract the radiated part of the field. In this paper, we consider a simplified problem of scalar radiation from a point charge localized on a brane in the framework of the scalar field analog of the DGP model. In this model, the scalar field on the brane can be represented as a continuous spectrum of Kaluza-Klein massive modes. To extract the emitted part of such a field, we generalize the Rohrlich-Teitelboim approach to radiation to the case of a massive four-dimensional field, using its connections to massless fields in four and five dimensions. In the case of a charge moving along a circular trajectory, we obtain the dependence of the radiation energy flux through a 2-sphere localized on the brane on the sphere radius, which provides the intensity of leakage of scalar radiation from the brane. Consistent with the infrared transparency of the bulk, the leakage intensity is found to be higher for low frequency signals. We are also analyzing the possibility of detecting this leak by current and future gravitational-wave observatories.
Analyses and optimizing of bidirectional quantum teleportation using a five-qubit cluster state as quantum channel
Authors: Yuan Hao , Liu Xiang-Yuan , Pan Guo-Zhu , Kong Min , Zhang Gang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using a five-qubit cluster state as quantum channel, a novel bidirectional quantum teleportation protocol has been proposed by Wang and Li (2022 Quantum Inf. Process.
21 44) recently in which there are two legitimate parties, Alice and Bob. Alice can teleport a two-qubit pure entangled state to Bob, simultaneously Bob can teleport a single-qubit state to Alice. In this paper, based on the same five-qubit cluster state as quantum resource, we put forward an optimized protocol. A comparison with Wang and Li’s protocol is made which reveals distinct advantages of the optimized protocol in reducing the classical resources and degrading the complexity of necessary quantum operations, as well as increasing the inherent efficiency. Additionally, some mistakes in Wang and Li’s protocol are pointed out and amended.
Statistical numerical investigation of translational-rotational ultrafast image-based dynamic light scattering to measure a bimodal Gaussian sample of cylindrical nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao A Y , Wang J J , Han Y P , Aihoon F , Yang H , Briard P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a translational-rotational ultrafast image-based dynamic light scattering (TR-UIDLS) experiment, nanoparticles in Brownian motion in a solvent are illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam and scatter the light toward a camera. If both vertical-vertical and vertical-horizontal polarization geometries are recorded at the same time, using a polarization camera, a distribution of “equivalent cylindrical particles” is determined from the cross-correlation coefficients between the pairs of pictures recorded by the camera in both polarization geometries. The equivalent cylindrical particles are the monodisperse cylindrical particles that scatter the same light fluctuations as the polydisperse particles in the measurement volume. The distribution of equivalent cylindrical particles is not strictly the distribution of the particles in the sample, and our purpose is to measure characteristic information about the size and shape of the particles in the sample from the distribution of the equivalent cylindrical particles. With this purpose, we propose in the present paper a model of numerical simulation of the TR-UIDLS experiment for polydisperse arbitrary distributions of cylindrical particles. The TR-UIDLS has been simulated for the bimodal Gaussian distribution of gold cylindrical nanorods immersed in water. In view of these simulations, a strategy is discussed to retrieve characteristic information about the bimodal Gaussian distribution of cylindrical particles.
Composition and pharmacological analysis of loach mucus
Authors: Li Ning , Qian Hao , Zhuo Qinghua , Xu Jiyun , Yu Kaihuan , Zheng Rongquan , Jin Genqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydrogel plays an important role in the composition of biological tissue. Muscle, cell membrane, blood vessel wall, hair and cartilage in human body can be regarded as hydrogel. The mucus on the surface of natural living organisms such as loach, andrias davidianus and earthworm is natural hydrogel. This kind of mucus with peculiar smell is produced by living organisms due to external stimulation of body surface stress response. It is a kind of self-protection. And this mucus has certain effects of antibacterial, antifatigue and enhancing immunity. The main component of mucus is collagen with shorter molecular structure and molecular weight is relatively small, and the content of collagen can reach about 40 ∼ 60 % in mucus. It has a certain bonding effect on skin surface damage, and plays the function of quickly closing wounds and killing bacteria. Hyaluronic acid (HA), active structure in oligosaccharide peptide and collagen peptide extracted from mucus, particularly type II collagen, play important roles in skin repair. This function of this natural hydrogel may open a new approach for the development of secondary functions of such organisms.
Increased Central European forest mortality explained by higher harvest rates driven by enhanced productivity
Authors: Scheel Marieke , Lindeskog Mats , Smith Benjamin , Suvanto Susanne , Pugh Thomas A M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Increasing tree growth and mortality rates in Europe are still poorly understood and have been attributed to a variety of drivers. This study explored the role of climate drivers, management and age structure in driving changes in tree mortality rates in six Central European countries from 1985 to 2010, using the process-based vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. Simulations show a strong positive trend in canopy mortality rates in Central Europe, consistent with satellite observations. This trend was explained by an assumed increase in managed thinning in response to a modelled increase in forest productivity caused by climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Simulated rates of canopy mortality were highly sensitive to the minimum tree size threshold applied for inclusion in the rate calculation, agreeing with satellite observations that are likely to only capture the loss of relatively large trees. The calculated trends in mortality rate also differed substantially depending on the metric used (i.e. carbon, stem or canopy mortality), highlighting the challenge of comparing tree mortality trends from different observation types. We conclude that changes in forest productivity and management in combination can profoundly affect regional-scale patterns of tree mortality. Our findings underscore the fact that increasing forest mortality can occur without reductions in forest growth when mediated by management responses to increasing productivity.
Sesame oil as an effective, environmentally friendly synergist for insecticidal compositions based on neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Mukovoz P , Dankovtseva E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To prevent the resistance of insect pests to insecticides, various methods are used - the rotation of the drugs used, the joint application of drugs from different chemical groups, the use of the fumigation method of biologically active compounds, as well as the inclusion of synergistic substances in insecticidal compositions that enhance the biological activity of the main active substance. The use of synergistic substances can significantly increase the effectiveness of insecticides at a lower consumption rate of the drug. The aim of the work was to develop effective insecticidal pyrotechnic compositions, including environmentally friendly synergistic substances based on sesame oil. As a result, effective insecticidal compositions were developed based on neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds and sesame oil, which provides a significant synergistic effect of active substances on insect pests of agricultural crops - greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). It was shown that during the treatment by spraying, the composition containing 24% of sesame oil, as well as 86% of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphorus compounds had the greatest insecticidal effect (27% death of insects). When carrying out the treatment by fumigation, the compositions containing 23–24% of sesame oil, as well as 87–86% of these insecticides, had the greatest insecticidal effect (more than 90% of insect death). It is shown that the developed compositions can be used both by spraying agricultural plants and by fumigation, by burning a pyrotechnic composition mixed with a composite base. Fumigation has been found to be the most effective method of delivering insecticidal compositions to pests of agricultural plants.
Comparative spectral analysis of Gatchina water sources and melted snow as their possible contaminator
Authors: Molodkina L M , Sukhareva A V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using the methods of spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry, samples of five Gatchina water sources and samples of melted snow taken in a residential area, the city center and near the central highway were studied in the paper. Both methods have demonstrated their informativeness in the analysis of differences in pollution of different water sources. Contamination of samples of melted snow with oil products is clearly shown in the analysis of the registration and excitation fluorescence spectra. To detect pollution of water sources by oil products contained in melted snow, it is proposed to determine the ratios of fluorescence intensity in the spectra of registration and excitation at certain wavelengths.