bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of IV immunoglobulins on depressive symptoms and self-injury: A case report
Authors: Silva A. , Politi P. , Brondino N. , Olivola M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSome studies in literature highlight the correlation between immune-mediated inflammatory processes and psychiatric pathologies. However, there are few studies about the efficacy of IV immunoglobulins in psychiatric features (1). (1) ZUNSZAIN, Patricia A.; HEPGUL, Nilay; PARIANTE, Carmine M. Inflammation and depression. In: Behavioral neurobiology of depression and its treatment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012. p. 135-151.ObjectivesCase report: a 39 year patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and myasthenia was hospitalized for self-injury ideation, acting out and depressive episode treated with acid valproic, aripiprazole, gabapentin; flare-up of myasthenia that needed treatment.MethodsClinical and test evaluation was performed in three stages: before (t0), immediately after (t1) and 3 weeks after (t2) the administration of the IgEV without other treatment modifications. We have used: - Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) - Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11) - Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) - Alexian Brothers Urge to Selfe-Injure Scale (ABUSI)ResultsThe patient has a score of 79 at BIS-11. She used to have a huge number of acting aout as we see on ISAS (Fig.1).Figure 1Figure 2ConclusionsWe observed a reduction in non-suicidal self-injurious ideation, the suspension of acting-out, a complete remission of depressive symptoms with mild persistence of anxious symptoms immediately after the administration of immunoglobulins, and the remission continue until one month after the administration (Fig.2).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Melancholia. Historical evolution through a case report
Authors: Limeres P. Coucheiro , Lega L. Amaya , Soler A. Franco , Del Campo A. Cerame 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe diagnosis of psychotic depression has its origin in the millennial term of Melancholia.ObjectivesA case of psychotic depression is presented to highlight its psychopathological characteristics and to make a historical overview of its origins.MethodsWe present the case of a 40-year-old male patient with a history of dysthymic mood who developed a major depressive mood, loss of self-care, decreased apetite, insomnia and repetitive speech with ideas of guilt and ruin of psychotic characteristics.ResultsMelancholy is a term used since the time of Hippocrates, who spoke of it as the state that appears after the prolongation of an intense period of sadness. It was extolled and self-attributed by authors such as Montaigne and branded as selfish by authors such as Cicero in the days when reason and madness formed a whole and distinguishing their limits was a complex task. Esquirol changed his name to Lypemania to get rid of its poetic nuances and framed it within partial insanity. Both he and the rest of the psychopathologists of the XIX century and early XX considered the melancholic as the great tormented, the one who despises himself and blames all ills, who suffers from apathy and above all presents a strong pain of the soul.ConclusionsLater it was Falret and Baillarger who unified melancholy with mania in what they nominate as circular and dual-form insanity. This gave way to the Krapelinian entity of manic-depressive insanity, the direct predecessor of the current Bipolar Disorder, which includes the diagnosis of our clinical case.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A delusion of pregnancy in man with hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Aissa A. , Ghabi H. , Khattech D. , Meddouri S. , Ouali U. , Nacef F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA delusion of pregnancy in men has been rarely reported in psychiatric disorders. The literature on this delusion in male schizophrenia is limited. It was reported especially in medical conditions. In psychiatric disorders, it has been explained for a long time by psychodynamic theories.ObjectivesTo present a case of a pregnancy delusion in man associated temporally to neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia and a review of literature of medical and psychological etiologies of this symptomMethodsWe presented a case of a pregnancy delusion in man associated temporally to neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia and we elucidated through a review of literature of medical and psychological etiologies of this symptom.ResultsCase report A 46-year-old man, unmarried, who had a mild intellectual disability and a 22-year history of schizophrenia. He was admitted to our hospital for psychotic relapse due to the interruption of his medication. This patient had been treated for years with long action injection medication. On admission he was disorganized, verbalizing a poorly-systematized fuzzy delirium. And he believed he was pregnant. Serum prolactin levels was 38 ng/ml (3-25ng/ml). He was put on Haldol decanoate 150mg/month, chlorpromazine 150mg/day, and diazepam 15mg/day.ConclusionsThe presentation of a delusion of pregnancy in man is rather infrequent. The delusion may have many social, psychological, and biological determinants to its genesis. This case highlights the importance of medical investigations notably the assay of prolactin in the assessment of patients who present with delusions of pregnancy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Reduced sensitivity to situational change in individuals with autism spectrum condition
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIndividuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) frequently report difficulties in detecting changes in social situations, which considerably hinder interpersonal communications.ObjectivesTo better understand the features of detecting changes in social situations among individuals with ASC.MethodsIndividuals with ASC (N=24) and typical development (TD) (N=24) were included. To examine participants’ sensitivity to situational contexts, we conducted an economic-game task: a modified computer version of the ultimatum game (mod-UG). In UG, two players were offered a chance to win 10 coins after dividing it amongst themselves. The proposer suggests how to split the sum and the responder can accept or reject the deal. After practice, all participants played the role of responders with an imaginary proposer. Participants had to decide whether to accept or reject proposers’ fair/unfair offers. In our mod-UG, additional condition was included that involved intentionality considerations: Unfair offers were displayed with another identical unfair offer. This emphasized the proposers’ inevitable situation of unfair offers. Subsequently, we conducted a 2×2 repeated-measures ANOVA (unfair offers with/without additional cues)×(ASC/TD).ResultsParticipants indeed accepted unfair offers significantly more frequently when the other player’s unfair proposal was unavoidable in cue-added conditions, when compared to unfair offers in no-cue conditions. This suggested that participants considered their opponent’s perspective more attentively in cue-added conditions. However, this effect was significantly decreased in the ASC-group (p<0.05; group-condition interaction).ConclusionsDecreased sensitivity to situational changes among ASC-individuals may be partly due to diminished or inflexible shifting of perspective. Whether this systematized decision-making associates with attentional-bias and stereotyped-behaviors requires further investigation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Delusional infestation: Two case reports
Authors: Peixoto C. , Rego D. , Bicho M. , Coelho J. Mendes , Medeiros H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDelusional infestation (DI), also known as delusional parasitosis or Ekbom syndrome, is a rare disorder, characterised by fixed belief that the skin, body or immediate environment is infested by small pathogens, despite the lack of any medical evidence for it.ObjectivesTo describe and discuss two clinical cases of DI, in order to show two different ways of presenting in this entity.MethodsTwo case report and non-systematic review.ResultsWe present the case of a 76-year-old woman, without psychiatric history, with an DI with 5 years of evolution, referred to a psychiatric consultation by a dermatologist. The second case, is a 41-year-old woman with a history of multiple substance use disorder, with an DI with a month of evolution, who resorted to the emergency department. DI is not a single diagnostic entity. The classic form, as represented in the first case,is a primary form, which develops without any known cause or underlying disease, corresponding to a persistent delusional disorder. However, about 60% of patients have secondary forms of DI, in the context of substance misuse, some medications or in the course of physical or psychiatric diseases (e.g. stroke, delirium, dementia, depression, schizophrenia).ConclusionsDI can occur as a primary delusional disorder or secondary to several other medical conditions. An in-depth clinical history is essential in order to make the correct diagnosis. A multidisciplinary approach is also important, to exclude any possible organic etiology, not forgetting that many patients may turn to other medical specialities first.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Temporality, lived time and psychopathology of everyday life
Authors: Carneiro M. , Nascimento S. , Rocha T. Coelho , Cunha J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSince Ancient Times, Man has tried to analyze the passage of time, looking for repetitions, relating them to space to build a notion of a mechanical and chronological time. The idea and problem of time play a central role in both modern philosophy and psychiatry. Many authors contributed to the notion of “lived time” and placed the focus on how time is lived and perceived by the individual. Even though the notion of “time assimilated in space” has an important role in psychiatric nosology, the “lived time” has a psychopathological impact and is a field of study and debate.ObjectivesThis work aims to acknowledge the relevance of the experience of temporal structures (past, present and future) and how they relate to psychopathology.MethodsWe did a non-systematic literature revision in the main databases.ResultsPhenomenological psychopathology has been profoundly interested in the philosophical discussions on the nature of time and its relation with the subject’s experience and condition. For instance, the melancholic experience, the maniac experience and the schizophrenic experience constitute changes in how time structures are perceived and lived by the individual.ConclusionsTemporality has drawn attention to researchers from many different areas of study, having as of this day many approaches possible. It is important to know those contributions and conceptualizations in order to improve as a clinician.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Delusional disorders with religious content
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Kaleda V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDelusional Disorders with Religious Content (DDRC) require careful study concerning their prevalence, psychopathological heterogeneity and the risk of destructive behavior.ObjectivesTo classify the clinical forms of DDRCMethodsBy clinical-psychopathological, follow-up and statistical approaches 2523 cases of patients with mental disorders who received inpatient care in a state clinic for year were analyzed; in 225 cases of total 2523 delusional disorders in schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20.0, F20.01, F20.02) were diagnosed.ResultsThe comparative analysis of delusional disorders (225 cases, 100%) with religious (70 cases -31.1%) and non-religious content (155 cases - 69.9%) revealed prevalence of DDRC in non-believers (p <0.01). Delusional destructive behavior occurred in 47.1% of 70 cases in patients with DDRC (15% of total 225).Delusional disorders 225 cases (100%)DDRC (70 cases, 31,1%)Delusional disorders with non-religious content (155 cases - 69.9%)BelieversNon-believers
BelieversNon-believers
Total Cases18 (8%)52 (23,1%)4 (1,8%)151 (67,1%)With Destructive behavior10 (4,4%)23 (10,2%)061 (27,1%)33 (14,6 %)61 (27,1%)The predominant content of DDRC (among the Delusions of Possession, Sinfulness/guilt, Messianism, Manichaean and the End-world Delusions) was the Delusions of Possession - 36.8%. Psychopathological heterogeneity of DDRC was identified and specific types of DDRC were described.ConclusionsDDRC is associated with the development of massive psychopathological symptoms and significant severity, and often accompanied by various forms of destractive behavior. This circumstance requires constant and careful management of these patients, collection of their religious history and asks for specific therapeutic approaches.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Iatrogenesis in mental health care
Authors: Revuelta M. Sánchez , Matsuura J. , Villarroel C. Martín , Garcia L. Carpio , Cutanda J. Dominguez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe need for preventive mechanisms in psychiatric pathology has been raised, therefore authors talk about primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. However, this emphasis on those preventive aspects has tended to ignore an essential part: quaternary prevention.ObjectivesReflecting the importance of avoiding ignoring iatrogenic forms of psychopathology by studying a clinical case and reviewing available literature.MethodsWe will present a clinical case of a patient with residual schizophrenia who undergoes an escalation of pharmacological interventions that lead to functional deterioration after initiating behavioral alterations. We will also review available literature about quaternary prevention.ResultsM. is an institutionalized patient who was taking a combination of three neuroleptics, anxiolytics and stabilizers for the treatment of behavior problems such as heteroaggressiveness. When the patient was referred to psychiatry consultations after being hospitalized, he could not move, had lost sphincter control and had serious communication problems. However, treatment was suspended and only one neuroleptic was maintained. The patient regained sphincter control and kept a residual but communicative delusional speech.ConclusionsIt is important to see how sometimes we can get into therapeutic escalation without correcting the underlying problem by focusing on a symptom, because behavioral alterations will persist regardless of pharmacological treatment changes. Sometimes clinical fluctuations make us confuse basal state and decompensation, ignoring the fact that we lack the way to modify the course. Authors believe that a rational approach to treatment should take into account the balance between potential benefits and side effects applied to an individual patient.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lorazepam causing drug-induced liver injury : Rare entity
Authors: Sellami S. , Mami H. , Moalla M. , Oumaya M. , Bouzid R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLorazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative that is globally used for the therapy of anxiety and insomnia.ObjectivesThe objective of our work was to show that Lorazepam can be a cause of unexpected liver injury even though it is a rare entity.MethodsWe reported the case of a patient who had a Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) under Lorazepam. We performed a literature review based on a PubMed search with the following keywords: “Lorazepam,DILI”.ResultsA 20 year-old-Tunisian woman was hospitalized in the psychiatry department of the hospital of Nabeul in Tunisia for a brief psychotic episode.She had a DILI under Olanzapine, Chlorpromazine and Lorazepam, which conducted us to interrupt her treatments except for the Lorazepam(5mg/day). The hepatic tests went back to normal even under Lorazepam. Few days later, the liver enzymes increased again to reach very high levels. Extensive workup was negative for other causes of liver injury, including viral hepatitis A, B, C and E.; capillary electrophoresis of serum proteins was normal; Exhaustive immunological tests were performed searching for auto immune hepatitis(anti-smooth muscle antibodies, anti-LKM1, anti-LC1, anti-SLA/LP) primary biliary cholangitis(anti-mitochondrial antibodies, anti-GP210, anti-sp100) and other antibodies like antinuclear antibodies were negative. Liver biopsy showed polymorphic inflammatory infiltrate including some eosinophilic polynuclear cells and rare vaguely epitheloid macrophages, with necrotico-inflammatory foci in the lobules, all of which were consistent with DILI. Lorazepam was discontinued and within 10 days her liver enzymes decreased and completely normalized.ConclusionsLorazepam, with an unknown action mechanism, can be a cause of DILI.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Therapeutic effect of qinghuanling on negative symptoms and cognitive function of schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Y. , Cui X. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTherapeutic effect of Qinghuanling on negative symptoms and cognitive function of schizophreniaObjectivesTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Qinghuanling on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and to provide basis for clinical medication.Methods24 male patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into study group and control group. The study group was given quetiapine fumarate combined with Qinghuanling, and the control group was given quetiapine fumarate. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and adverse event response scale (TESS) were evaluated regularly.Results
The PANSS score of the study group was significantly lower than the control group from 6th week (64.10 ± 7.64 vs 72.31 ± 11.16; 51.60 ± 7.40 vs 63.23 ± 7.08, P < 0.05). Among them, the score of negative factor in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the end of 6 and 8 weeks (2.16 ± 0.40 vs 2.75 ± 0.38; 1.65 ± 0.42 vs 2.38 ± 0.43, P < 0.01); the score of cognitive factor in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the end of the 8th week (1.87 ± 0.20 vs 2.12 ± 0.27, P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, PANSS score and symptom cluster factor score of the two groups were significantly decreased from the 2nd weekend to the 8th weekend (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe combined use of Qinghuanling can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of schizophrenia, especially for the symptom cluster score of negative factors and cognitive factors, with high safety.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy and tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate as monotherapy in patients of newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
Authors: Saxena S. , Singh S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEslicarbazepine Acetate, a novel anti-epileptic drug has been approved as monotherapy in focal onset seizures, with/without secondary generalization in adults. Eslicarbazepine has many advantages over older anti-epileptic drugs and is useful in patients of new onset focal epilepsy.Objectives
Aim of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of Eslicarbazepine Acetate, observe its well-tolerated use and monitor adverse effects in newly diagnosed patients of focal epilepsy.MethodsStudy was done at Department of Psychiatry, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad. A total of 30 newly diagnosed cases of focal epilepsy between 18-60 years of age were studied for 6 months, using a Semi-structured Interview and Liverpool Adverse Events Profile.ResultsMajority of patients were males (58%), between 21-30 years. Patients with partial/focal seizures (63%) were more common than those of generalized seizures (37%). Majority of the participants had 1-2 episodes of focal seizures weekly(48%), while some had almost daily(32%). Majority were on Eslicarbazepine Acetate 800 mg in two divided doses daily (64%), while the others received 1200 mg in three divided doses(32%). The mean Liverpool Adverse Events Profile score initially was 28.34 ± 6.28 which significantly improved after 4 weeks treatment to 22.80 ± 4.35 (p < 0.05). The improvement in newly diagnosed focal seizures patients was significantly more than other patients (p < 0.05). No major side effects were observed.ConclusionsEslicarbazepine Acetate as a monotherapy is effective in treating focal epilepsy. Better results of this drug are found in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients treated with antipsychotics
Authors: Delgado A. , Velosa J. , Avelar R. , Franco J. , Heitor M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous peptide that stimulates insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion. The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) showed efficacy reducing the weight and glucose levels in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. This effect was also associated with a decreased risk of major cardiovascular events.ObjectivesOur aim is to review the role of GLP-1RA in psychiatric patients at cardio-metabolic risk due to antipsychotics treatment.Methods
We reviewed articles published in PubMed using the keywords: “GLP-1” “glucagon like peptide” “antipsychotics” and “psychiatry”.ResultsThe number need to treat (NNT) to achieve clinical meaningful weight loss was 3.8. GLP-1RA treatment was also associated with greater reductions in body mass index, fasting glucose, HbA1c and visceral fat. This effect is true for antipsychotic treatment in general and for those on clozapine and olanzapine in particular. Overall, the GLP-1RA are well tolerated with nausea being the most common related adverse effect. Other variables such as age, sex, psychosis severity, nausea or any adverse drug reaction did not affect the weight loss.ConclusionsStudies showed a promising role in the management of antipsychotics induced weight gain, particularly in clozapine and olanzapine treated patients. Although these promising results, the route of administration, with a daily or weekly subcutaneous injection, and the GLP-1RA associated financial costs, can be viewed as important factors which can limit the wide use of this type of treatment in psychiatric patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Levetirazetam psychosis
Authors: Martín C. Vilella , De La Torre López M.Á. Alonso , Vázquez P. García , Rodríguez I. Gonzalez , Sevillano S. Nuñez , García A. Serrano 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLevetirazetam is an antiepileptic drug with psychiatric adverse reactions. It includes psychosis, paranoia or hallucinations. The frequency is less than 1%.ObjectivesTo describe and study a case of Psychosis produced by LevetirazetamMethodsRetrospective review of clinical records and complementary test, including psychiatry, electrophysiology and neurology. Diagnosis schales such as Salamanca Questionnaire were used as suport.ResultsA 42-year-old woman diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis and undergoing treatment with levetirazetam acudes to the emergency department for behavioral disorders. She has presented an episode of aggression against a relative threatening him with a kitchen knife. The family reports that since the change in antiepilepticus 1 month ago, the patient has presented strange behaviors. Te Patient is conscious, uncooperative. Barely Approachable. Suspicious of her surroundings, with psychomotor restlessness, self-reference ideas and sparse speech. Auditory hallucinations seem to be present, as well as depressed and irritable mood. Psychic and somatic anxiety is found. Levetirazetam is discontinued, being replaced by valproic acid. Risperidone is started at a 3 mg dose. Treatment is well tolerated, and clinical stability is achived. Cluster A personality traits are found. Complementary test Blood and Urine simples, Imaging tests (CT and MRI), electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram show no alterationsConclusionsLevetirazetam can cause psychiatric adverse effects. it is important to make a proper diagnosis before a first psychotic outbreak in later life. Drugs that can produce psychiatric side effects should be identified and patients should be inform.DisclosureNo significant relationships.