bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its impact on health-related quality of life
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Jin Ying , Xu Ping , Feng Suwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing condition affecting women worldwide. However, urinary incontinence during pregnancy was less studied. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, its impact on health-related quality of life as well as associated help-seeking behavior.

Methods
Eligible women were enrolled in the obstetric wards of a tertiary maternity hospital. Urinary incontinence, generic and specific health-related quality of life were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2), Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form (IIQ-7), respectively. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine risk factors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the impact of incontinence on health-related quality of life of pregnant women, respectively.

Results
A total of 1243 women were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy was 52.0%. Most women suffered from mild or moderate incontinence. Five risk factors were identified by multiple logistic regression. Urinary incontinence before pregnancy was the strongest predictor for incontinence during pregnancy (OR = 4.178, 95% CI = 2.690–6.490), followed by history of vaginal birth, coffee consumption, childhood enuresis and history of urinary tract infection. Urinary incontinence had significant impact on health-related quality of life during pregnancy. Only 14.8% of pregnant women sought professional help for urinary symptoms.

Conclusions
Urinary incontinence was highly prevalent in pregnant women, with a broad detrimental effect on health-related quality of life. Five factors were confirmed to be associated with increasing the risk of developing urinary incontinence during pregnancy. The help-seeking behavior during pregnancy was discouraging. Targeted interventions are warranted to facilitate the prevention of urinary incontinence and improvement of health-related quality of life in pregnant women.
Novel nomogram for predicting risk of early postoperative small bowel obstruction after right colectomy for cancer
Authors: Zheng Huida , Liu Yurong , Chen Zhenze , Sun Yafeng , Xu Jianhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) is a common complication after colorectal cancer surgery. Few studies have specifically studied risk factors for early small bowel obstruction after right colectomy, especially in establishing predictive models. The purpose of the current study was to establish an effective nomogram to predict the incidence of EPSBO after right colectomy.

Methods
The current study retrospectively analyzed data from a total of 424 patients who underwent right colectomy in a local hospital from January 2014 to March 2021. A logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors for EPSBO after right colectomy. A nomogram was established by independent risk factors, and the prediction performance of the model was evaluated using an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration chart.

Results
A total of 45 patients (10.6%) developed early small bowel obstruction after right colectomy. Male sex, history of abdominal surgery, open surgery, long operative time, anastomotic leakage, and preoperative albumin were closely related to EPSBO. Analysis of postoperative rehabilitation indices showed that EPSBO remarkably slowed the postoperative rehabilitation speed of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, open surgery, operative time, and anastomotic leakage were independent risk factors (P < 0.05), and the operation time had the greatest impact on EPSBO. On the basis of multivariate logistic regression, a nomogram was constructed, which showed moderate accuracy in predicting EPSBO, with a C-statistic of 0.716. The calibration chart showed good consistency between the predicted probability and ideal probability.

Conclusion
The current study constructed a nomogram based on the clinical data of patients who underwent right colectomy, which had moderate predictability and could provide reference value for clinicians to evaluate the risk of EPSBO.
Association between hospital and ICU structural factors and patient outcomes in China: a secondary analysis of the National Clinical Improvement System Data in 2019
Authors: Li Zhen , Ma Xudong , Gao Sifa , Li Qi , Luo Hongbo , Sun Jianhua , Du Wei , Su Longxiang , Wang Lu , Zhang Qing , Li Zunzhu , Zhou Xiang , Liu Dawei ,   China National Critical Care Quality Control Center Group, Wang Xue , Guan Xiangdong , Kang Yan , Xiong Bin , Qin Bingyu , Qian Kejian , Wang Chunting , Zhao Mingyan , Ma Xiaochun , Yu Xiangyou , Lin Jiandong , Pan Aijun , Qiu Haibo , Shen Feng , Li Shusheng , Ai Yuhang , Xie Xiaohong , Yan Jing , Wu Weidong , Duan Meili , Wan Linjun , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Jian , Xu Hang , Jiang Dongpo , Xu Lei , Chen Zhuang , Lin Guoying , Yang Zhengping , Hu Zhenjie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Hospital and ICU structural factors are key factors affecting the quality of care as well as ICU patient outcomes. However, the data from China are scarce. This study was designed to investigate how differences in patient outcomes are associated with differences in hospital and ICU structure variables in China throughout 2019.

Methods
This was a multicenter observational study. Data from a total of 2820 hospitals were collected using the National Clinical Improvement System Data that reports ICU information in China. Data collection consisted of a) information on the hospital and ICU structural factors, including the hospital type, number of beds, staffing, among others, and b) ICU patient outcomes, including the mortality rate as well as the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse the association between hospital and ICU structural factors and patient outcomes.

Results
The median ICU patient mortality was 8.02% (3.78%, 14.35%), and the incidences of VAP, CRBSI, and CAUTI were 5.58 (1.55, 11.67) per 1000 ventilator days, 0.63 (0, 2.01) per 1000 catheter days, and 1.42 (0.37, 3.40) per 1000 catheter days, respectively. Mortality was significantly lower in public hospitals (β =  − 0.018 (− 0.031, − 0.005), p = 0.006), hospitals with an ICU-to-hospital bed percentage of more than 2% (β =  − 0.027 (− 0.034, -0.019), p < 0.001) and higher in hospitals with a bed-to-nurse ratio of more than 0.5:1 (β = 0.009 (0.001, 0.017), p = 0.027). The incidence of VAP was lower in public hospitals (β =  − 0.036 (− 0.054, − 0.018), p < 0.001). The incidence of CRBSIs was lower in public hospitals (β =  − 0.008 (− 0.014, − 0.002), p = 0.011) and higher in secondary hospitals (β = 0.005 (0.001, 0.009), p = 0.010), while the incidence of CAUTIs was higher in secondary hospitals (β = 0.010 (0.002, 0.018), p = 0.015).

Conclusion
This study highlights the association between specific ICU structural factors and patient outcomes. Modifying structural factors is a potential opportunity that could improve patient outcomes in ICUs.
Sustained low disease activity measured by ASDAS slow radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis patients treated with TNF-inhibitors: data from REGISPONSERBIO
Authors: Llop Maria , Moreno Mireia , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Juanola Xavier , de Miguel Eugenio , Almodóvar Raquel , Quintana Eduardo Cuende , Sanz Jesús Sanz , Beltrán Emma , Montesinos M. Dolores Ruiz , Calvet Joan , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Gratacós Jordi ,   the Regisponserbio group, Montejo Pedro Zarco , Joven Beatriz , Almirall Miriam , Espartero Ma Cruz Fernandez , Gualda Enrique Batlle , Campos Cristina , Estevez Eduardo Collantes , Font Pilar , Poch Teresa Clavaguera , Linares Ferrando Luis F. , Lozano Carlos Rodríguez , Yoldi Beatriz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the influence of the disease activity on radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi).MethodsThe study included 101 axSpA patients from the Spanish Register of Biological Therapy in Spondyloarthritides (REGISPONSERBIO), which had clinical data and radiographic assessment available. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of TNFi treatment at baseline: (i) long-term treatment (≥4 years) and (ii) no long-term treatment (< 4 years). Radiographs were scored by two readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) with known chronology. Disease activity differences between patients’ groups at each time point were assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.ResultsRadiographic progression was defined as an increase in ≥2 mSASSS units.At inclusion, approximately half of the patients (45.5%) were receiving long-term treatment with TNFi (≥4 years). In this group of subjects, a significant difference in averaged Ankylosing Spondylitis disease Activity Score (ASDAS) across follow-up was found between progressors and non-progressors (2.33 vs 1.76,p=0.027, respectively). In patients not under long-term TNFi treatment (54.5%) though, no significant ASDAS differences were observed between progressors and non-progressors until the third year of follow-up. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in progression status, when disease activity was measured by Bath Ankylosing spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and C reactive protein (CRP).ConclusionsPatients on long-term TNFi treatment with a mean sustained low disease activity measures by ASDAS presented lower radiographic progression than those with active disease.
Discovering the key genes and important DNA methylation regions in breast cancer
Authors: Cao Yan-Ni , Li Qian-Zhong , Liu Yu-Xian , Jin Wen , Hou Rui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women. DNA methylation has an important effect on breast cancer, but the effect of abnormal DNA methylation on gene expression in breast cancer is still unclear. Therefore, it is very important to find therapeutic targets related to DNA methylation.

Results
In this work, we calculated the DNA methylation distribution and gene expression level in cancer and para-cancerous tissues for breast cancer samples. We found that DNA methylation in key regions is closely related to gene expression by analyzing the relationship between the distribution characteristics of DNA methylation in different regions and the change of gene expression level. Finally, the 18 key genes (17 tumor suppressor genes and 1 oncogene) related to prognosis were confirmed by the survival analysis of clinical data. Some important DNA methylation regions in these genes that result in breast cancer were found.

Conclusions
We believe that 17 TSGs and 1 oncogene may be breast cancer biomarkers regulated by DNA methylation in key regions. These results will help to explore DNA methylation biomarkers as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Applying the design-based learning model to foster undergraduates’ web design skills: the role of knowledge integration
Authors: Tsai Chun-Yen , Shih Wen-Ling , Hsieh Fu-Pei , Chen Yun-An , Lin Chien-Liang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to design a course based on the design-based learning (DBL) model to improve undergraduates’ web design skills, and to explore the differences in learning effectiveness of students with different levels of knowledge integration. The quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. Ninety-two participants studying general education courses in a university in southern Taiwan were selected to participate in this study. The instruments included the Web Design Skills Test and the Knowledge Integration Scale. The study found that the use of the DBL strategy in teaching could improve the web design skills of the experimental group students, especially those students with insufficient web design skills in the initial stage. In addition, students with a high level of knowledge integration had better improvement in their web design skills. The implication of this research is that DBL is a suitable web design skills training strategy for students with insufficient web design skills. If students could be reminded to integrate knowledge while studying, their learning outcomes may be better.
Capturing the patient experience in systemic lupus erythematosus: Are widely used measures fit-for-purpose and adherent to FDA PRO guidance recommendations?
Authors: Majercak Kayleigh R. , Perfetto Eleanor M. , Villalonga-Olives Ester 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The 2009 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) patient-reported outcome (PRO) guidance outlines characteristics of rigorous PRO-measure development. There are a number of widely used PRO measures for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but it is unknown how well the development processes of SLE PRO measures align with FDA guidance; including updated versions. The objective of this study was to assess how well the LupusQoL and LupusPRO, and corresponding updated versions, LupusQoL-US and LupusPROv1.8, align with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2009 patient-reported outcome (PRO) guidance.

Methods
LupusQoL and LupusPRO were selected as the most widely studied and used Lupus PROs in the UK and US. Original (LupusQoL (2007) and LupusQoL-US (2010)) and revised (LupusPROVv1.7 (2012) and LupusPROv1.8 (2018)) versions were reviewed. We used FDA PRO guidance to create evaluation criteria for key components: target population, concepts measured, measurement properties, documentation across the phases of content validity (item-generation and cognitive interviewing, separately) and other psychometric-property testing. Two reviewers abstracted data independently, compared results, and resolved discrepancies.

Results
For all measures, the target population was unclear as population characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, education, disease severity) varied, and/or were not consistently reported or not considered across the three phases (e.g., LupusQoL item-generation lacked male involvement, LupusPRO cognitive-interviewing population characteristics were not reported). The item-generation phase for both original measures was conducted with concepts elicited via patient-engagement interviews and item derivation from experts. Cognitive interviewing was conducted via patient feedback with limited item-tracking for original measures. In contrast, the revised measures assumed content validity. Other psychometric testing recommendations (reliability, construct validity, ability to detect change) were reported for both original and revised measures, except for ability to detect change for revised measures.

Conclusions
The SLE PRO measures adhere to some but not all FDA PRO guidance recommendations. Limitations in processes and documentation of the study population, make it unclear for which target population(s) the current Lupus measures are fit-for-purpose.
Impact of patient-reported outcomes on symptom monitoring during treatment with checkpoint inhibitors: health-related quality of life among melanoma patients in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tolstrup Lærke K. , Pappot Helle , Bastholt Lars , Möller Sören , Dieperink Karin B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In a randomized controlled trial, we previously investigated if melanoma patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors had fewer severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) when they reported symptoms using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) with triggered alerts as an add-on to standard care, compared to standard care alone. The aim of this study is to examine between-group differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associations between irAEs severity and HRQoL.

Methods
The study population of 138 patients completed the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L Index and FACT-M questionnaires at baseline and weeks 24 and 48. We analyzed HRQoL from all patients who completed at least one questionnaire. Missing FACT-M items were imputed following existing guidelines.

Results
There was no difference in HRQoL at baseline as measured EQ-5D-5L between the intervention and the control group. Between baseline and 48 weeks, mean EQ-5D-5L scores were unchanged among patients in the intervention group (p = 0.81) but decreased significantly among patients in the control group (p = 0.03). Consequently, patients in the intervention group had higher mean scores than those in the control group (p = 0.05) at 48 weeks. Mean FACT-M scores did not differ significantly between the two groups at any of the time points. There were observed no between-group differences in mean EQ-5D-5 and mean FACT-M scores between patients with severe irAEs and patients who had none.

Conclusion
Melanoma patients receiving CPIs who self-reported irAEs using ePRO with triggered alerts as a supplement to standard care maintained their HRQoL compared to patients who received standard care alone. Patients in the intervention group had a significantly better HRQoL measured by EQ-5D-5L than controls 48 weeks after baseline. The results suggest that including ePRO in standard care increases melanoma patients´ well-being. Further and larger studies are needed to confirm this finding and examine the impact of severe irAEs on cancer patients’ HRQoL.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03073031 Registered 8 March 2017, Retrospectively registeredhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Compositional analysis of the tonsil microbiota in relationship to Streptococcus suis disease in nursery pigs in Ontario
Authors: Niazy Maysa , Hill Sarah , Nadeem Khurram , Ricker Nicole , Farzan Abdolvahab 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe tonsil of the soft palate in pigs is the colonization site of both commensal and pathogenic microbial agents.Streptococcus suisinfections are a significant economic problem in the swine industry. The development ofS. suisdisease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the tonsillar microbiota profile in nursery pigs is altered withS. suisdisease. Here, the dynamics of the tonsillar microbiota from 20 healthy pigs and 43 diseased pigs withS. suisclinical signs was characterized.ResultsBased on the presence or absence ofS. suisin the systemic sites, diseased pigs were classified into confirmed (n = 20) or probable (n = 23) group, respectively. Microbiota composition was assessed using the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA, and results were analyzed to identify the diversity of the tonsillar microbiota. The taxonomic composition of the tonsil microbiota proved to be highly diverse between individuals, and the results showed statistically significant microbial community structure among the diagnosis groups. The confirmed group had the lowest observed species richness while the probable group had higher phylogenetics diversity level compared to the healthy group. Un-weighted Unifrac also demonstrated that the probable group had a higher beta diversity than both the healthy and the confirmed group. A Dirichlet-multinomial mixture (DMM) model-based clustering method partitioned the tonsil microbiota into two distinct community types that did not correspond with disease status. However, there was an association betweenStreptococcus suisserotype 2 and DMM community type 1 (p = 0.03). ANCOM-BC identified 24Streptococcusamplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were differentially abundant between the DMM community types.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and membership of the tonsil microbiota in nursery pigs and uncovers differences and similarities across varyingS. suisdisease status. While the overall abundance ofStreptococcuswas not different among the diagnosis groups, the unique profile of DMM community type 1 and the observed correlation withS. suisserotype 2 could provide insight into potential tonsillar microbiota involvement inS. suisdisease.
A simple method to valorize silica sludges into sustainable coatings for indoor humidity buffering
Authors: Kuok Chi-Hong , Dianbudiyanto Wahid , Liu Shou-Heng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the production of indoor humidity-buffering coatings (IHC-s) from recycling waste silica sludges by using a room-temperature sol-gel method which is a simple and energy-efficient route is reported. The properties of these IHC-s are identified by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, laser particle size analyzer, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The moisture adsorption-desorption tests show that the IHC-s have moisture buffering values of ca. 270–316 g m− 2 and moisture contents of 23.6–26.7% in the range of 50–90% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, the humidity buffering capacities, moisture adsorption-desorption rate and stability are significantly superior to commercially available coatings in the range of 50–75% RH. The enhancement may be due to the formation of porous structure in the coatings via the dispersed waste silica sludges and gypsum which transformed from bassanite by self-assembly process. Most importantly, the prepared IHC-s show surpassing antimicrobial efficacy (> 99.99%) and no detectable leaching heavy metals based on TCLP tests, which provides an economic and environmental-friendly route for recovering and valorizing industrial wastes.
Direct Evidence of Black Phosphorus Formation in Carbon Nanospaces by Quasi-high Pressure Effect
Authors: Komine Yuki , Urita Koki , Notohara Hiroo , Moriguchi Isamu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted attention as an anode material for lithium or sodium ion batteries due to its high electrical conductivity and theoretical specific capacity (2596 mAh/g). However, the synthesis of BP requires high-pressure conditions at &gt;1 GPa. We directly demonstrated that carbon nanospaces with the pore size around 4 nm are effective to synthesize BP without an external high-pressure apparatus.