bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOXD1 is required for 3D patterning of the kidney interstitial matrix
Authors: Lipp Sarah N. , Jacobson Kathryn R. , Schwaderer Andrew L. , Hains David S. , Calve Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of proteins and glycosaminoglycans and provides structural and biochemical information during development. Our previous work revealed the presence of transient ECM‐based structures in the interstitial matrix of developing kidneys. Stromal cells are the main contributors to interstitial ECM synthesis, and the transcription factor Forkhead Box D1 (Foxd1) is critical for stromal cell function. To investigate the role of Foxd1 in interstitial ECM patterning, we combined 3D imaging and proteomics to explore how the matrix changes in the murine developing kidney when Foxd1 is knocked out.ResultsWe found that COL26A1, FBN2, EMILIN1, and TNC, interstitial ECM proteins that are transiently upregulated during development, had a similar distribution perinatally but then diverged in patterning in the adult. Abnormally clustered cortical vertical fibers and fused glomeruli were observed when Foxd1 was knocked out. The changes in the interstitial ECM of Foxd1 knockout kidneys corresponded to disrupted Foxd1+ cell patterning but did not precede branching dysmorphogenesis.ConclusionsThe transient ECM networks affected by Foxd1 knockout may provide support for later‐stage nephrogenic structures.
Isolation controls reestablishment mechanisms and post‐drying community structure in an intermittent stream
Authors: Fournier Robert J. , de Mendoza Guillermo , Sarremejane Romain , Ruhi Albert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiota in disturbance‐prone landscapes have evolved a variety of strategies to persist long term, either locally (resistance) or by regional recolonization (resilience). Habitat fragmentation and isolation can limit the availability of recolonization pathways, and thus the dynamics of post‐disturbance community reestablishment. However, empirical studies on how isolation may control the mechanisms that enable community recovery remain scarce. Here, we studied a pristine intermittent stream (Chalone Creek, Pinnacles National Park, California) to understand how isolation (distance from a perennial pool) alters invertebrate community recolonization after drying. We monitored benthic invertebrate reestablishment during the rewetting phase along a ~2‐km gradient of isolation, using mesh traps that selected for specific recolonization pathways (i.e., drift, flying, swimming/crawling, and vertical migration from the hyporheic). We collected daily emigration samples, surveyed the reestablished benthic community after 6 weeks, and compared assemblages across trap types and sites. We found that isolation mediated migration dynamics by delaying peak vertical migration from the hyporheic by ca. 1 day on average per 250 m of dry streambed. The relative importance of reestablishment mechanisms varied longitudinally–with more resistance strategists (up to 99.3% of encountered individuals) in the upstream reaches, and increased drift and aerial dispersers in the more fragmented habitats (up to 17.2% and 18%, respectively). Resistance strategists persisting in the hyporheic dominated overall (88.2% of individuals, ranging 52.9%–99.3% across sites), but notably most of these organisms subsequently outmigrated downstream (85.6% on average, ranging 52.1%–96% across sites). Thus, contrary to conventional wisdom, resistance strategists largely contributed to downstream resilience as well as to local community recovery. Finally, increased isolation was associated with a general decrease in benthic invertebrate diversity, and up to a 3‐fold increase in the relative abundance of drought‐resistant stoneflies. Our results advance the notion that understanding spatial context is key to predicting post‐disturbance community dynamics. Considering the interaction between disturbance and fragmentation may help inform conservation in ecosystems that are subject to novel environmental regimes.
Predator dispersal influences predator distribution but not prey diversity in pitcher plant microbial metacommunities
Authors: Cuellar‐Gempeler Catalina , terHorst Casey P. , Mason Olivia U. , Miller Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe spatial distribution of predators can affect both the distribution and diversity of their prey. Therefore, differences in predator dispersal ability that affect their spatial distribution, could also affect prey communities. Here, we use the microbial communities within pitcher plant leaves as a model system to test the relationship between predator (protozoa) dispersal ability and distribution, and its consequences for prey (bacteria) diversity and composition. We hypothesized that limited predator dispersal results in clustered distributions and heterogeneous patches for prey species, whereas wide predator dispersal and distribution could homogenize prey metacommunities. We analyzed the distribution of two prominent bacterivore protozoans from a 2‐year survey of an intact field of Sarracenia purpurea pitcher plants, and found a clustered distribution of Tetrahymena and homogeneous distribution of Poterioochromonas. We manipulated the sources of protozoan colonists and recorded protozoan recruitment and bacterial diversity in target leaves in a field experiment. We found the large ciliate, Tetrahymena, was dispersal limited and occupied few leaves, whereas the small flagellate Poterioochromonas was widely dispersed. However, the bacterial communities these protozoans feed on was unaffected by clustering of Tetrahymena, but likely influenced by Poterioochromonas and other bacterivores dispersing in the field. We propose that bacterial communities in this system are structured by a combination of well dispersed bacterivores, bacterial dispersal, and bottom‐up mechanisms. Clustered predators could become strong drivers of prey communities if they were specialists or keystone predators, or if they exerted a dominant influence on other predators in top‐down controlled systems. Linking dispersal ability within trophic levels and its consequences for trophic dynamics can lead to a more robust perspective on trophic metacommunities.
Association of post‐vaccination adverse reactions after influenza vaccine with mortality and cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients with high‐risk cardiovascular disease: the INVESTED trial
Authors: Peikert Alexander , Claggett Brian L. , Kim KyungMann , Udell Jacob A. , Joseph Jacob , Desai Akshay S. , Farkouh Michael E. , Hegde Sheila M. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Gaziano J. Michael , Talbot H. Keipp , Yancy Clyde , Anand Inder , Mao Lu , Cooper Lawton S. , Solomon Scott D. , Vardeny Orly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsInfluenza vaccination is associated with reduced cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality among patients with heart failure or recent myocardial infarction. The immune response to vaccination frequently results in mild adverse reactions (AR), which leads to vaccine hesitancy. This post hoc analysis explored the association between vaccine‐related AR and morbidity and mortality in patients with high‐risk cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsThe INVESTED trial randomized 5260 patients with recent heart failure hospitalization or acute myocardial infarction to high‐dose trivalent or standard‐dose quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. We examined the association between vaccine‐related AR and adverse clinical outcomes across both treatment groups in propensity‐adjusted models. Among 5210 participants with available information on post‐vaccination symptoms, 1968 participants (37.8%) experienced a vaccine‐related AR. Compared to those without AR, post‐vaccination AR, most commonly injection site pain (60.3%), were associated with lower risk for the composite of all‐cause death or cardiopulmonary hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.92, p < 0.001), cardiopulmonary hospitalizations (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.76–0.95], p = 0.003), all‐cause death (HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.62–0.96], p = 0.02), cardiovascular hospitalizations (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.78–0.99], p = 0.03) and non‐cardiopulmonary hospitalizations (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.69–0.92], p = 0.003). While mild (76.4%) and moderate (20.6%) AR were most common and together associated with lower risk for the primary outcome (HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.74–0.90], p < 0.001), severe AR (2.9%) were related to increased risk (HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.17–2.42], p = 0.005).ConclusionMild to moderate post‐vaccination reactions after influenza vaccine were associated with reduced risk of cardiopulmonary hospitalizations and all‐cause mortality in patients with high‐risk cardiovascular disease, while severe reactions may indicate increased risk. Mild to moderate AR to influenza vaccination may be a marker of immune response and should not deter future vaccinations.
Modeling multiphase fluid flow, mass transfer, and chemical reactions in bioreactors using large‐eddy simulation
Authors: Hanspal Navraj , DeVincentis Brian , Thomas John A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a transient large eddy simulation (LES) modeling approach for simulating the interlinked physics describing free surface hydrodynamics, multiphase mixing, reaction kinetics, and mass transport in bioreactor systems. Presented case‐studies include non‐reacting and reacting bioreactor systems, modeled through the inclusion of uniform reaction rates and more complex biochemical reactions described using Contois type kinetics. It is shown that the presence of reactions can result in a non‐uniform spatially varying species concentration field, the magnitude and extent of which is directly related to the reaction rates and the underlying variations in the local volumetric mass transfer coefficient.
The association between sexual orientation and eating disorders‐related eating behaviours in adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Zhangqi , Cini Erica , Pellegrini Dario , Fragkos Kostantinos C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexual orientation is usually developed during the adolescence, which coincides with the eating disorders peak onset. This paper aims to explore existing literature to identify whether there is an association between sexual orientation and eating disorder‐related eating behaviours (EDrEBs) in this age‐group.MethodsThis review was based on the PRISMA guidelines, covering the published articles between 1990 and 2021. A meta‐analysis of the proportion of sexual orientation and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confident intervals was reported.ResultsTen studies (412,601 participants) were included in this review. The results demonstrated adolescents identified as minority sexual orientation, particularly homosexual males were with higher OR of EDrEBs, as follows: Homosexual (binge eating: M = 7.20, F = 2.14; purging: M = 5.40, F = 2.41; diet pills use: M = 3.50, F = 2.59; dieting: M = 3.10, F = 1.75); Bisexual (binge eating: M = 4.60, F = 2.26; purging: M = 4.44, F = 2.37; diet pills use: M = 3.42, F = 2.30; dieting: M = 2.36, F = 1.86).ConclusionsAdolescents who were of a minority sexual orientation were more vulnerable to EDrEBs than their heterosexual peers. Healthcare professionals and sexual minority communities should be primed to facilitate earlier recognition and access to services in these vulnerable groups.
Comprehensive assessment of heat pump dryers for drying agricultural products
Authors: Loemba Aldé B. T. , Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFruits and vegetables are agricultural products that require preservation to enhance and protect shelf life, encapsulate natural flavour, and retain nutritional content. Globally, agricultural products are preserved by a range of means, the most prevalent of which is the heat pump dryer, which produces the best results even in unfavourable climatic conditions. Heat pump dryers come in different types and their performance varies depending on the type. This study aims to evaluate recently developed heat pump dryers based on key performance indicators, impacts on food colour and nutritional content, techno‐economic, exergoeconomic, and environmental issues associated with the development of heat pump dryers, which are underrepresented in most of the existing heat pump dryers' reviews. This study also discusses mathematical drying kinetic models, and regulation or policy aspects related to the development of heat pump dryers. In the present study, the results on performance analysis indicate that heat pump dryers examined were effective in reducing drying time and obtaining high coefficients of performance ranging from 1.94 to 5.338 and specific moisture extraction rate ranging from 0.156 to 9.25 kg/kWh, as well as significantly reducing energy consumption by up to 80%. The nutritional composition and colour results show that heat pump dryers maintain the maximum nutrient content while also improving colour. The expansion valve has the lowest exergoeconomic factor of all heat pump dryer components, whereas the compressor has the highest cost of exergy destruction in general, according to the results of exergoeconomic analysis. Techno‐economic analysis results demonstrated that most developed heat pump dryers have short payback periods ranging from 1.6 to 3.6 years. However, due to a lack of research in this field, the environmental implications of heat pump dryers are unknown. As per the findings of this study, future research in this field should focus on the design of simple and low‐energy heat pump dryers, life cycle, techno‐economic, and exergoeconomic assessments.
Investigation of a vertical closed‐loop geothermal system for heating an educational building
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Bercesi Gabor , Toth Laszlo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is related to the thermal engineering aspect of the hybrid heating unit that can be operated either by shallow geothermal heat or natural gas. The thermal investigation is related to determining the fluctuation in the energy requirement if the unit is coupled with the gas boilers. Therefore, the given system was independently driven by both sources, and the conclusion was based on the comparative merit/demerit of renewable energy over the conventional power supply. The analysis assumed the steady‐state energy flow processes. The heat capacity of the source and sink was assumed to be infinitely large as compared to the working fluid. The leastangle regression algorithm was adopted to establish a mathematical relationship between thermodynamic parameters. The average COP of the closed‐loop geothermal unit was estimated to be 2.07. The overall exergy efficiency of the installed geothermal facility is 3%, whereas it is 33.55% for the gas boilers operated by natural gas. A square meter of the area of the building will get 26.25 W·h of useful convective heat energy from an installed geothermal unit and 28.59% of the total received will be dissipated through the structure. Similarly, the system driven by natural gas provided 21.88 W·h of the net useful convective heat energy, while the convective loss amounted to 23.06%. The net annual energy saving of 502.99 kW·h was expected from the geothermal site.
Propagation characteristics and quantification analysis of harmonic current in large‐scale wind farms
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Chen Wei , Wei Zhanhong , Pei Xiping , Sun Xuebo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThese days, the harmonic problem of wind power grid‐connected systems is becoming increasingly prominent due to the increase in the number of large‐scale centralized grid‐connected wind farms and the gradual trend of high‐proportion power electronics for source‐grid loads. The harmonic oscillation caused by power electronic equipment provides large‐scale propagating in the system, and the harmonic interaction makes the harmonic propagation more complex. First, the harmonic interaction of the system is simplified into the radiation relationship between the wind farm and each branch to solve the harmonic current propagation problem caused by the interaction in the multiple wind farms. Then, the branch harmonic current propagation analysis method is used to transfer harmonic impedance and generate the branch harmonic current decoupling. Second, a harmonic current propagation coefficient is proposed to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the harmonic current of the wind farm and the branch. Thereby, the quantitative analysis of the propagation characteristics for the wind farm harmonic current in the system branch is obtained. Finally, abundant simulations verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Sensitivity analysis of avoidable and unavoidable exergy destructions in a parallel double‐effect LiBr–water absorption cooling system
Authors: Zendehnam Arman , Pourfayaz Fathollah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA parametric study has been carried out based on advanced exergy assessment for a parallel double‐effect LiBr–water absorption chiller. The advanced exergy method provides the real potential of the equipment for improvement in the system by recognizing the avoidable irreversibilities. The sensitivity analysis of various parts of the exergy destruction (endogenous avoidable, endogenous unavoidable, exogenous avoidable, and exogenous unavoidable) in system components and the overall performance (coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, and modified exergy efficiency) of the system has been done to identify the actual potential of different components of the system to improve the overall performance of the system relative to operational parameters. Operational parameters include the heat source temperature, heat sink temperature, and the difference between the absorption and condensation temperature. The results showed that by modifying and improving the performance of components, 18.5% of the total exergy destruction of the system could be reduced. The modified exergy efficiency reduces sharply (nearly 40%) with the rising heat sink temperature. The endogenous exergy destruction increases in all system components except the condenser and evaporator by the heat source temperature increase. With the increase in the heat sink temperature, the avoidable part of the total exergy destruction in the system increases due to the significant rise in the avoidable exogenous exergy destruction in the components, and the unavoidable endogenous exergy destruction decreases (more than 200%) in the absorber. Increasing the condensation temperature reduces the unavoidable endogenous exergy destruction in the components except for the low‐temperature heat exchanger.
Guest editorial
Authors: Declercq Peter J.M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAgainst the broad background of existing “Earth law”, this article aims to provide an initial assessment of existing “Space law” to start the conversation about what is still needed from a legal perspective to best facilitate the ongoing “commercialisation of Outer Space”. This article considers the ongoing commercialisation of Outer Space primarily from a legal perspective, investigating the rol law (Earth law as well as Space law) and so‐called “space lawyers” may be able to play in it. The focus of the article is to, first and foremost, raise some key questions that need (legal) consideration, without attempting to already provide answers to any of those questions. The article starts by addressing the relevance now of commercialisation of Outer Space and therefore the question asked in the title. It then goes on to briefly explore the existing Space law, highlighting separately the most relevant Space Treaties and Space Principles. Against that background, the article then reflects on what (if any) guidance this provides on the key concept of Space Property. In addition, the article also briefly addresses the 2001 Cape Town Convention on international interests in mobile equipment and explains why this convention, and in particular its Space Protocol, are also very relevant to consider in the context of the commercialisation of Outer Space. Finally, the article provides its initial assessment and ends with a number of concluding remarks.
The link between technological innovation and financial development: Evidence from selected OECD countries
Authors: Çeştepe Hamza , Çetin Murat , Avcı Pınar , Bahtiyar Bersu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFinancial development is a main goal for developing and developed countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of technological innovation on financial development over the period 1990–2018 for 21 OECD countries. The study integrates economic growth, natural resources and financial globalisation into the financial development equation as other explanatory variables. To estimate the long‐run coefficients, the Driscoll‐Kraay standard errors, panel corrected standard errors and feasible generalised least squares estimators are applied. The Dumitrescu‐Hurlin bootstrap causality test is used to examine the causal linkages among the variables. It is found that there exists cointegration between the variables. It is also found that technological innovation, economic growth and financial globalisation positively affect financial development while natural resources decrease it in the long run. The findings reveal that technological innovation and financial development cause each other. The study will present some policy recommendations to accelerate financial sector development in OECD countries.
The optimization of PLGA knitted mesh reinforced‐collagen/chitosan scaffold for the healing of full‐thickness skin defects
Authors: Pan Xuanliang , You Chuangang , Wu Pan , Wang Xingang , Han Chunmao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCollagen‐based scaffolds reveals promising to repair severe skin defects. The mechanical strength of collagen‐based scaffold (CCS) limited its clinical application. Embedding poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) knitted mesh into CCS improves the mechanical strength of the scaffold. This study was conducted to optimize the configuration of PLGA knitted mesh‐collagen‐chitosan scaffold (PCCS), and explore possible mechanisms. PLGA knitted mesh was embedded in CCS through freeze‐drying method. With the PLGA knitted mesh located at the bottom, middle, or both bottom and top layers of the CCS, three kinds of PCCS were developed. A full‐thickness skin wound model was established in Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the therapeutic effects of different PCCS against CCS. The properties and healing effect of the scaffolds were investigated. Several growth factors and chemotactic factors, that is, VEGF, PDGF, CD31, α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, and TGF‐β3 were analyzed and evaluated. Re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis were observed in all animal groups with the treatment of three kinds of PCCS scaffolds and the CCS scaffold (control). The protein and gene expression of VEGF, PDGF, CD31, α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, and TGF‐β3 showed different dynamics at different time points. Based on the healing effects and the expression of growth factors and chemotactic factors, scaffold with the PLGA knitted mesh located at the bottom layer of the CCS demonstrated the best healing effect and accelerated re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis among all the scaffolds evaluated. PCCS with the PLGA mesh located in the bottom layer of the scaffold accelerated wound healing by creating a more supportive environment for re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis.