bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
∆8-THC, THC-O Acetates and CBD-di-O Acetate: Emerging Synthetic Cannabinoids Found in Commercially Sold Plant Material and Gummy Edibles
Authors: Holt Alaina K , Poklis Justin L , Peace Michelle R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Presented is the analysis of four cannabinoid-based products. These products were part of a case involving visual and auditory hallucinations that precipitated the commission of a felony and subsequent arrest. The products were labeled to contain ∆8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8-THC) or THC acetate (THC-O-A). Primary reference materials were not available for ∆8-THC-O-A, ∆10-THC-O-A, cannabidiol di-acetate (CBD-di-O-A) or respective deuterated internal standards. THC-O-A and CBD-di-O-A standards were prepared by derivatizing ∆8-THC, ∆9-THC, ∆10-THC, CBD, ∆9-THC-d3 and CBD-d3 using acetic anhydride. The cannabinoid-based products were determined to contain ∆8-THC, ∆8-THC-O-A, ∆9-THC-O-A and CBD-di-O-A and/or other phytocannabinoids using three different analytical techniques. Direct analysis in real-time–time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for identifying exact masses. A gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer was used for the identification of compounds and to quantitate THC-O-As in the products. A liquid chromatograph–tandem mass spectrometer was used to identify and quantitate phytocannabinoids and CBD-di-O-A in the products. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report involving the identification of THC-O-As and CBD-di-O-A in commercially available products. Minimal clinical/pharmacological data is available for these emerging synthetic cannabinoids/novel psychoactive substances.
A weight optimization method for chemical safety evaluation indicators based on the bipartite graph and random walk
Authors: Du Junwei , Jing Guanghui , Hu Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the chemical safety evaluation system, the optimization of indicator weights needs to take both experts’ evaluations and the feedback on accident influences into account. Thus, this paper proposes a comprehensive weighting method based on the association bipartite graph (ABG). The accident influences and correlation intensity between the accident and the evaluation indicators are calculated on the ABG. A random walk algorithm, which integrates the objective influences of the accidents and the subjective evaluations of experts, is designed to realize the weight optimization. Experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed method from the perspectives of weight ranking and fitting degree.
Stress-induced higher vein density in the C3–C4 intermediateMoricandia suffruticosaunder drought and heat stress
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyi , Liu Jun , Sun Xingchao , Kuang Chen , Liu Hongfang , Zhang Liang , Zheng Qiwei , Liu Jing , Li Jun , Wang Hanzhong , Hua Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe evolution of C4 photosynthesis involved multiple anatomical and physiological modifications, yet our knowledge of the genetic regulation involved remains elusive. In this study, systematic analyses were conducted comparing the C3–C4 intermediate Moricandia suffruticosa and its C3 relative Brassica napus (rapeseed). We found that the leaves of M. suffruticosa had significantly higher vein density than those of B. napus, and the vein density was further increased in M. suffruticosa under drought and heat stress. Moreover, the bundle sheath distance, as the mean distance from the outer wall of one bundle sheath to the outer wall of an adjacent one, decreased and the number of centripetal chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells was found to be altered in M. suffruticosa leaves under drought and heat treatments. These results suggest that abiotic stress can induce a change in an intermediate C3–C4 anatomy towards a C4-like anatomy in land plants. By integrating drought and heat factors, co-expression network and comparative transcriptome analyses between M. suffruticosa and B. napus revealed that inducible auxin signaling regulated vascular development, and autophagy-related vesicle trafficking processes were associated with this stress-induced anatomical change. Overexpressing three candidate genes, MsERF02, MsSCL01, and MsDOF01, increased leaf vein density and/or enhanced photosynthetic assimilation and drought adaptability in the transgenic lines. The findings of this study may improve our understanding of the genetic regulation and evolution of C4 anatomy.
Correlates of Dietary Behaviors Among Young Emirati Males Completing Compulsory Military Service
Authors: Malkawi Ahmad M , Meertens Ree M , Kremers Stef P J , van der Borgh-Sleddens Ester F C , Picknell Gareth C , Al Shehhi Mouza 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is important to understand the correlates of different dietary behaviors in a military context in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to guide intervention development to prevent and treat obesity as it has a significant impact at the country and regional level. This study aimed to assess different dietary behaviors and their association with potential correlates including age, marital status, educational level, smoking status, screen time, dietary knowledge, eating self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy.

Materials and Methods
The study used a cross-sectional design and included 153 (M = 25.9 years, SD = ± 3.2) military recruits completing their basic training at a single military camp in the UAE. Dietary behaviors of these recruits were measured using the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study. Other potential correlates included dietary knowledge, general self-efficacy, and eating efficacy. The ethical approval was obtained from the research ethics committee in the UAE university.

Results
Daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and breakfast was reported by 14.4%, 25.5%, and 22.9% of the military recruits, respectively. Almost half of the recruits (46.4%) consumed sugar-sweetened drinks more than 3 times a week, 39.2% consumed fast food more than 3 times a week, and 37.3% consumed sweets/chocolates more than 3 times a week. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that eating self-efficacy was positively associated with breakfast and dairy food consumption, although it was inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and French fries intake. Age was significantly and inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and energy drink intake. Moreover, nutrition knowledge was significantly and positively correlated with vegetable intake and negatively correlated with energy drink consumption. Multiple regressions showed that lower age and lower eating self-efficacy were found to be the main predictors for sugar-sweetened drinks (adjusted R2 = 0.112) and fast-food intake (adjusted R2 = 0.084). Also, a higher dietary knowledge score was a predictor of vegetable intake (adjusted R2 = 0.093), although age and smoking predict energy drink intake (adjusted R2 = 0.225).

Conclusions
The results show that unhealthy eating patterns are common among new recruits in the UAE military. The study suggests that age, eating self-efficacy, and nutrition knowledge are the main correlates of selected dietary behaviors. Interventions are advised to target these correlates to achieve healthier dietary habits inside the military.
Chromatin accessibility analysis from fresh and cryopreserved human ovarian follicles
Authors: Shannon Jennifer , Sundaresan Aishwarya , Bukulmez Orhan , Jiao Zexu , Doody Kaitlin , Capelouto Sarah , Carr Bruce , Banaszynski Laura A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how gene regulatory elements influence ovarian follicle development has important implications in clinically relevant settings. This includes understanding decreased fertility with age and understanding the short-lived graft function commonly observed after ovarian tissue cryopreservation and subsequent autologous transplantation as a fertility preservation treatment. The Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a powerful tool to identify distal and proximal regulatory elements important for activity-dependent gene regulation and hormonal and environmental responses such as those involved in germ cell maturation and human fertility. Original ATAC protocols were optimized for fresh cells, a major barrier to implementing this technique for clinical tissue samples which are more often than not frozen and stored. While recent advances have improved data obtained from stored samples, this technique has yet to be applied to human ovarian follicles, perhaps due to the difficulty in isolating follicles in sufficient quantities from stored clinical samples. Further, it remains unknown whether the process of cryopreservation affects the quality of the data obtained from ovarian follicles. Here, we generate ATAC-seq data sets from matched fresh and cryopreserved human ovarian follicles. We find that data obtained from cryopreserved samples are of reduced quality but consistent with data obtained from fresh samples, suggesting that the act of cryopreservation does not significantly affect biological interpretation of chromatin accessibility data. Our study encourages the use of this method to uncover the role of chromatin regulation in a number of clinical settings with the ultimate goal of improving fertility.
Military service and alcohol use: a systematic narrative review
Authors: Osborne A K , Wilson-Menzfeld G , McGill G , Kiernan M D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite research highlighting the role of alcohol in military life, specifically in relation to mental health and certain combat experiences, there is no synthesised evidence looking at the relationship between military service and alcohol use.

Aims
To synthesize and examine evidence exploring the relationship between military service and alcohol use.

Methods
Six databases were examined across a 10-year period. Papers were included if they involved a military population and focused on alcohol use. From 4046 papers identified, 29 papers were included in the review.

Results
Military characteristics and experience were linked to high levels of alcohol use across military populations. Societal and cultural factors also played a role in alcohol use in military populations. Predatory behaviour of alcohol establishments, pressures to conform, an acceptance of alcohol use, and the role of religious services and military affiliated social networks were all considered. Excessive drinking impacted physical and mental health. Those diagnosed with PTSD and associated symptoms appeared to have greater alcohol use.

Conclusions
This review identified certain characteristics and experiences of military service that are associated with higher levels of alcohol use. It is important to identify risk factors for alcohol misuse to develop appropriate policy, targeting prevention.
The apple BTB protein MdBT2 positively regulates MdCOP1 abundance to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Kang Hui , Zhang Ting-Ting , Li Yuan-Yuan , Lin-Wang Kui , Espley Richard V , Du Yuan-Peng , Guan Qing-Mei , Ma Feng-Wang , Hao Yu-Jin , You Chun-Xiang , Wang Xiao-Fei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) plays a central role in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the upstream regulatory factors of COP1 remain poorly understood, particularly in horticultural plants. Here, we identified an MdCOP1-interacting protein, BROAD-COMPLEX, TRAMTRACK AND BRIC A BRAC2 (MdBT2), in apple (Malus domestica). MdBT2 is a BTB protein that directly interacts with and stabilizes MdCOP1 by inhibiting self-ubiquitination. Fluorescence observation and cell fractionation assays showed that MdBT2 increased the abundance of MdCOP1 in the nucleus. Moreover, a series of phenotypic analyses indicated that MdBT2 promoted MdCOP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the MdMYB1 transcription factor, inhibiting the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin accumulation. Overall, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which MdBT2 positively regulates MdCOP1, providing insight into MdCOP1-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Development of a nonhuman primate model for mammalian bornavirus infection
Authors: Schlottau Kore , Feldmann Friederike , Hanley Patrick W , Lovaglio Jamie , Tang-Huau Tsing-Lee , Meade-White Kimberly , Callison Julie , Williamson Brandi N , Rosenke Rebecca , Long Dan , Wylezich Claudia , Höper Dirk , Herden Christiane , Scott Dana , Hoffmann Donata , Saturday Greg , Beer Martin , Feldmann Heinz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Until recently, it was assumed that members of the family Bornaviridae could not induce severe disease in humans. Today, however, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), as well as the more recently emerged variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), are known as causative agents of lethal encephalitis in humans. In order to establish animal models reflecting the pathogenesis in humans and for countermeasure efficacy testing, we infected twelve rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) either with VSBV-1 or with BoDV-1. For each virus, three monkeys each were inoculated with 2 × 104 focus forming units by the intracerebral route or by multiple peripheral routes (intranasal, conjunctival, intramuscular, and subcutaneous; same dose in total). All BoDV-1 and VSBV-1 intracerebrally infected monkeys developed severe neurological signs around 5 to 6 or 8 to 12 weeks postinfection, respectively. Focal myoclonus and tremors were the most prominent observations in BoDV-1 and VSBV-1-infected animals. VSBV-1-infected animals also showed behavioral changes. Only one BoDV-1 peripherally infected animal developed similar disease manifestations. All animals with severe clinical disease showed high viral loads in brain tissues and displayed perivascular mononuclear cuffs with a predominance of lymphocytes and similar meningeal inflammatory infiltrates. In summary, rhesus macaques intracerebrally infected with mammalian bornaviruses develop a human-like disease and may serve as surrogate models for human bornavirus infection.
Long-term preservation of biomolecules in lake sediments: potential importance of physical shielding by recalcitrant cell walls
Authors: Han Xingguo , Tolu Julie , Deng Longhui , Fiskal Annika , Schubert Carsten Johnny , Winkel Lenny H E , Lever Mark Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Even though lake sediments are globally important organic carbon (OC) sinks, the controls on long-term OC storage in these sediments are unclear. Using a multiproxy approach, we investigate changes in diatom, green algae, and vascular plant biomolecules in sedimentary records from the past centuries across five temperate lakes with different trophic histories. Despite past increases in the input and burial of OC in sediments of eutrophic lakes, biomolecule quantities in sediments of all lakes are primarily controlled by postburial microbial degradation over the time scales studied. We, moreover, observe major differences in biomolecule degradation patterns across diatoms, green algae, and vascular plants. Degradation rates of labile diatom DNA exceed those of chemically more resistant diatom lipids, suggesting that chemical reactivity mainly controls diatom biomolecule degradation rates in the lakes studied. By contrast, degradation rates of green algal and vascular plant DNA are significantly lower than those of diatom DNA, and in a similar range as corresponding, much less reactive lipid biomarkers and structural macromolecules, including lignin. We propose that physical shielding by degradation-resistant cell wall components, such as algaenan in green algae and lignin in vascular plants, contributes to the long-term preservation of labile biomolecules in both groups and significantly influences the long-term burial of OC in lake sediments.
Barriers to Participation in Workplace Wellness Programs for People With Disabilities
Authors: Gillespie Megan E. , Nguyen Vinh , Demaya Diego , Frieden Lex 
Published: June 2022

Objective
As workplace wellness programs become increasingly popular, many concerns have been raised that these programs are inaccessible or infringe upon the legal rights of people with disabilities. In response to those concerns, we investigated the experiences of workers with disabilities with barriers to access for workplace wellness programs.

Methods
We disseminated an electronic survey and conducted a descriptive statistical analysis assessing the demographics, behavior, and attitudes of people with disabilities toward workplace wellness programs.

Results
We found that the largest barriers to workplace participation are lack of access to careers dominated by large employers who offer more employee benefits and issues regarding barriers to access within those employers.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that there are significant barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully participating in the workplace.
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Large Midwestern Healthcare System
Authors: Rivelli Anne , Fitzpatrick Veronica , Copeland Kenneth , Richards Jon 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with breakthrough infection among a cohort of Midwestern healthcare personnel (HCP).

Methods
SARS-CoV-2–positive test results between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2021, were collected from electronic medical records of HCP to identify breakthrough infections.

Results
Healthcare personnel who were younger than 35 years, received the Pfizer vaccine, and worked in COVID clinical units had greater adjusted odds of breakthrough infection. COVID infection before full vaccination was associated with reduced odds of breakthrough infection.

Conclusions
Our study concluded that the most vulnerable HCP are younger, working in COVID-19 clinical units, and received Pfizer-BioNTech primary series vaccines. Healthcare personnel who had COVID before vaccination were at reduced risk of breakthrough infection, indicating that supplemental immunity could better protect at-risk HCP groups.
Transanal Irrigation in Children: Treatment Success, Quality of Life, Adherence, Patient Experience, and Independence
Authors: Baaleman Desiree F. , Wegh Carrie A. M. , Hoogveld Maxime T. A. , Benninga Marc A. , Koppen Ilan J. N. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the clinical effectiveness and patient experience of transanal irrigation (TAI) in children with constipation or fecal incontinence.

Methods:
Combined retrospective and cross-sectional study including pediatric patients who used a Navina TAI system. We retrospectively collected baseline characteristics and data on treatment success at 1- and 6-month follow-up (FU). Treatment success was defined as defecating at least 3 times per week and having less than 1 episode of fecal incontinence per week. We cross-sectionally assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL), treatment adherence, treatment satisfaction (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication [TSQM]), illness perceptions, medication beliefs, and patient empowerment with validated questionnaires.

Results:
Thirty-four patients were included (median age at start TAI: 11 years old [range, 6–18]), 32 in the retrospective review, and 26 in the cross-sectional survey (median of 3 years after initiation). Most patients were diagnosed with functional constipation (n = 26; 76%) or a neurogenic bowel disorder (n = 6; 18%). Treatment success rates significantly improved at each FU compared with baseline (baseline: 4/25 [16%]; 1-month FU: 12/16 [75%], P = 0.008; 6-month FU: 11/18 [61%], P = 0.016; cross-sectional FU: 13/26 [50%], P = 0.008). HRQoL scores were high (PedsQL median, 73 [IQR, 54–85]). Adherence (defined as Medication Adherence Report Scale [MARS] ≥ 23) was low (36%), whereas TSQM effectiveness scores were high (median, 69 [IQR, 47–86]). The majority of children (61%) reported an increase in independence since TAI treatment. Patient empowerment (GYPES) levels were similar to those reported in children with other chronic conditions.

Conclusions:
TAI with a Navina system is an effective bowel management system for children with intractable constipation or fecal incontinence.
Trichomonas vaginalis and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a High-Risk Obstetric Cohort in Atlanta, GA
Authors: Young Marisa R. , Wall Kristin M. , Dude Carolynn M. , Burdette Emily R. , Jamieson Denise J. , Ofotokun Igho , Haddad Lisa B. 
Published: June 2022

Background

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally, but routine screening is not recommended in HIV-negative individuals. There is a significant racial/ethnic health disparity in TV infection rates. Evidence regarding the association between TV and adverse perinatal outcomes is conflicting, but a recent large meta-analysis found a modest increased risk of preterm birth with TV infection (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.50). The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether TV infection increases the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in a high-risk obstetric cohort in Atlanta, GA.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women delivering at a safety-net hospital in Atlanta between July 2016 and June 2018. Women delivering a singleton live fetus at >20 weeks' gestation were included. The diagnosis of TV was by nucleic acid amplification testing. The outcome of interest was sPTB before 37 weeks' gestation. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the effect of TV on sPTB, controlling for confounding variables, including clinical and demographic characteristics. Several sensitivity analyses were undertaken.

Results
There were 3723 deliveries during the study period, and approximately half (46%) were screened for TV with nucleic acid amplification testing. After exclusions, the analytic cohort included 1629 women. Median age was 26 years (interquartile range, 22–31 years), and 70% of participants were listed as non-Hispanic Black in the electronic medical record. The prevalence of TV was 16% (n = 257). The sPTB rate was 7% (n = 112). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling, TV infection was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of sPTB (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–2.13; P = 0.22). Factors associated with sPTB included history of PTB, adequate plus or transfer of prenatal care (vs. adequate/intermediate prenatal care utilization using the Kotelchuck index), recreational substance use, and Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosed during the current pregnancy. Results were not substantively different in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
The prevalence of TV was high in this cohort. Its infection was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of sPTB. Nevertheless, the magnitude of effect is consistent with prior meta-analyses.