bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant hydraulic modelling of leaf and canopy fuel moisture content reveals increasing vulnerability of a Mediterranean forest to wildfires under extreme drought
Authors: Ruffault Julien , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Pimont François , Dupuy Jean‐Luc , De Càceres Miquel , Cochard Hervé , Mouillot Florent , Blackman Chris J. , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Parsons Russell A. , Moreno Myriam , Delzon Sylvain , Jansen Steven , Olioso Albert , Choat Brendan , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Fuel moisture content (FMC) is a crucial driver of forest fires in many regions world‐wide. Yet, the dynamics of FMC in forest canopies as well as their physiological and environmental determinants remain poorly understood, especially under extreme drought.

We embedded a FMC module in the trait‐based, plant‐hydraulic SurEau‐Ecos model to provide innovative process‐based predictions of leaf live fuel moisture content (LFMC) and canopy fuel moisture content (CFMC) based on leaf water potential (). SurEau‐Ecos‐FMC relies on pressure–volume (p‐v) curves to simulate LFMC and vulnerability curves to cavitation to simulate foliage mortality.

SurEau‐Ecos‐FMC accurately reproduced and LFMC dynamics as well as the occurrence of foliage mortality in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest. Several traits related to water use (leaf area index, available soil water, and transpiration regulation), vulnerability to cavitation, and p‐v curves (full turgor osmotic potential) had the greatest influence on LFMC and CFMC dynamics. As the climate gets drier, our results showed that drought‐induced foliage mortality is expected to increase, thereby significantly decreasing CFMC.

Our results represent an important advance in our capacity to understand and predict the sensitivity of forests to wildfires.
Leaf, plant, to canopy: A mechanistic study on aboveground plasticity and plant density within a maize–soybean intercrop system for the Midwest, USA
Authors: Pelech Elena A. , Evers Jochem B. , Pederson Taylor L. , Drag David W. , Fu Peng , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlants have evolved to adapt to their neighbours through plastic trait responses. In intercrop systems, plant growth occurs at different spatial and temporal dimensions, creating a competitive light environment where aboveground plasticity may support complementarity in light‐use efficiency, realizing yield gains per unit area compared with monoculture systems. Physiological and architectural plasticity including the consequences for light‐use efficiency and yield in a maize‐soybean solar corridor intercrop system was compared, empirically, with the standard monoculture systems of the Midwest, USA. The impact of reducing maize plant density on yield was investigated in the following year. Intercropped maize favoured physiological plasticity over architectural plasticity, which maintained harvest index (HI) but reduced light interception efficiency (ɛi) and conversion efficiency (ɛc). Intercropped soybean invested in both plasticity responses, which maintained ɛi, but HI and ɛc decreased. Reducing maize plant density within the solar corridor rows did not improve yields under monoculture and intercrop systems. Overall, the intercrop decreased land‐use efficiency by 9%–19% and uncoordinated investment in aboveground plasticity by each crop under high maize plant density does not support complementarity in light‐use efficiency. Nonetheless, the mechanistic understanding gained from this study may improve crop cultivars and intercrop designs for the Midwest to increase yield.
Wisdom from the crowd: Can recommender systems predict employee turnover and its destinations?
Authors: Min Hanyi , Yang Baojiang , Allen David G. , Grandey Alicia A. , Liu Mengqiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCan algorithms that predict customer movie and shopping preferences also predict which employees are likely to leave and where they are likely to go, thus helping to retain talent? This study applies a type of machine learning (ML) technique, collaborative filtering (CF) recommender system algorithms, to investigate the comparison between satisfaction with the current job and potential satisfaction with job alternatives, which is inherent in theorizing about individual turnover decisions. The comparison of those anticipated ratings along with employee's current job satisfaction creates two operationalizations: the quantity of more desirable job alternatives and the quality (or extent of desirability) of job alternatives. To test the effectiveness of this novel approach, we applied recommender system algorithms to a longitudinal archival dataset of employees and had three main findings. First, the recommender system algorithms efficiently predicted job satisfaction based on just two sources of information (i.e., work history and job satisfaction in previous jobs), providing construct validity evidence for recommender systems. Second, both the quantity and the quality of more desirable job alternatives compared to the current job positively correlated with employees’ future turnover behavior. Finally, our CF recommender system algorithms predicted where employees moved to, and even more effectively if constraining the alternative jobs to the same occupation. We conclude with implications how recommender system algorithms can help scholars effectively test theoretical ideas and practitioners predict and reduce turnover.
Police Encounters for Behavioral Health‐Related Reasons in Rural and Remote Communities: A Canadian Study☆
Authors: David Jean‐Denis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests police officers are increasingly called upon to respond to incidents related to mental health issues, emotional problems, and substance abuse. Many have raised concerns regarding their involvement in such incidents. Yet, little is known about these encounters in rural and remote communities despite evidence suggesting that the context of non‐urban areas should matter. Accordingly, this article proposes to examine variations in self‐reported encounters with the police for behavioral health‐related reasons across urban, rural, and remote communities. Using data from the 2014 General Social Survey, a representative sample of the Canadian population, we assess these self‐reported encounters from two different angles: encounters for one's own behavioral health crisis and encounters for a family member's behavioral health needs. While findings on the former are inconclusive, those examining police contacts for a family member suggest that living in rural or remote communities is significantly associated with a greater probability of experiencing such situations relative to living in urban areas. Furthermore, this probability increases with the relative geographical isolation of communities. These results are discussed in light of the rising concerns regarding our reliance on the police for such incidents and the need to account for the situation of rural and remote communities.
Arabidopsis cyclin‐dependent kinase C2 interacts with HDA15 and is involved in far‐red light‐mediated hypocotyl cell elongation
Authors: Chen Chia‐Yang , Chang Chung‐Han , Wu Chien‐Han , Tu Yi‐Tsung , Wu Keqiang 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYHistone deacetylases (HDAs) regulate many aspects of plant development and responses to environmental changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA15 is a positive regulator in far‐red (FR) light‐mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, HDA15 can be phosphorylated and its enzymatic activity is negatively regulated by phosphorylation. However, the kinases that can phosphorylate HDA15 are still unknown. Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) are a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases and have been identified as major regulators of the cell cycle and transcription. In this study, we show that the cyclin‐dependent kinase CDKC2 interacts with HDA15 both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro kinase assays show that CDKC2 phosphorylates HDA15. Genetic evidence suggests that HDA15 acts downstream of CDKC2 in hypocotyl elongation under FR light. Furthermore, HDA15 and CDKC2 function synergistically in the regulation of FR‐mediated cell elongation. The expression of cell wall organization‐ and auxin signaling‐related genes under FR light is increased in hda15 and cdkc2/hda15 mutants. Taken together, our study indicates that CDKC2 can phosphorylate HDA15 and plays an important role in FR light‐regulated hypocotyl elongation.
Destabilising geographies in Colombia: Trajectories and perspectives
Authors: Ulloa Astrid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColombia has recently witnessed the emergence of new geographies, which opens new scenarios of analysis and political contexts leading to a better understanding of the multiplicity of humans–non‐humans and their territories, territorialities and their rights. These geographies enter dialogue with other disciplinary trajectories and Indigenous and Afro‐descendant perspectives. These new perspectives also interact with critical, feminist and decolonial geographies. These encounters have led to the arrival of new approaches, which I call destabilising geographies. The proposals positioned from these new perspectives look to decolonise the founding binary categories of geography. They are perspectives and proposals that destabilise institutionalised visions of geography because they emerge with and from social processes and movements that require political spaces and the recognition of territorial and environmental rights. These geographies propose an opening to other ontologies and epistemologies that contribute to the complexity of the categories of territory, body‐territory, human–non‐human territories, the political and the collective. They also reveal the racial territorial processes of extractive dynamics and armed conflict. In this text, I develop the following emergences: dissident feminist geographies, geographies of racialised extractivism, Black geographies and Indigenous relational spatialities. These reflections are based on my experience of over 16 years of teaching in the geography programme at Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Mechanics of Interfacial Delamination in Deep-Sea Soft Robots Under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Shao Xianmin , Cai Yijie , Yin Shunyu , Li Tiefeng , Jia Zheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing demand for ocean exploration, deep-sea soft robots featuring better environmental adaptability, lighter weight, and less energy consumption relative to traditional robots have emerged. Considering that deep-sea soft robots usually contain components composed of dissimilar materials in the form of layered structures, interfacial delamination is likely to occur under extreme hydrostatic pressure, which may significantly impact robot operation. Moreover, traditional numerical methods to analyze interfacial delamination with J-integral have limitations in analyzing interfacial delamination in abyssal environments due to the hydrostatic pressure exerted on delaminated interfaces. To address this largely unexplored issue, this paper proposes a numerical method suitable for calculating the energy release rate for interfacial delamination in a film-substrate structure under hydrostatic pressure and systematically studies the factors influencing the energy release rate in deep-sea soft robots with dimensional analysis. It can be found that a larger elastic mismatch between the film and the substrate will lead to a larger driving force for interfacial delamination. The failsafe maps are also obtained based on the proposed calculation method, through which it can be observed very intuitively whether the structure with various material parameters has a tendency of interfacial delamination at different water depths.
Generative Transformers for Design Concept Generation
Authors: Zhu Qihao , Luo Jianxi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Generating novel and useful concepts is essential during the early design stage to explore a large variety of design opportunities, which usually requires advanced design thinking ability and a wide range of knowledge from designers. Growing works on computer-aided tools have explored the retrieval of knowledge and heuristics from design data. However, they only provide stimuli to inspire designers from limited aspects. This study explores the recent advance of the natural language generation (NLG) technique in the artificial intelligence (AI) field to automate the early-stage design concept generation. Specifically, a novel approach utilizing the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is proposed to leverage the knowledge and reasoning from textual data and transform them into new concepts in understandable language. Three concept generation tasks are defined to leverage different knowledge and reasoning: domain knowledge synthesis, problem-driven synthesis, and analogy-driven synthesis. The experiments with both human and data-driven evaluation show good performance in generating novel and useful concepts.
A Novel Heat-Assisted Three-Roll Incremental Rolling System for Flexible Rolling
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Zeng Qiang , Anderoglu Osman , Maloy Stuart , Ehmann Kornel F. , Cao Jian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The increasing demand for customized products and rapid prototyping triggers the development of dieless forming process where the need of part-specific dies is eliminated compared to conventional forming processes. This paper presents a heat-assisted three-roll incremental rolling system capable of producing rods and tubes of various diameters without the need for die/tool replacement. The system incorporates two possible heating mechanisms, namely, an induction heater and a high-current power supply for electrically assisted forming. Due to its high flexibility and hot forming ability, this rolling system is ideal for low volume production or scientific research. The newly fabricated rolling machine was initially evaluated using low carbon steel rods. The experiments have shown that the machine can produce metallic rods down to 6 mm in diameter without apparent spiral marks on the outer surface of the rolled product using multiple passes. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the reaction moment, depth of the spiral marks, and the effect of axial feeding speed on the spiral marks. The simulation model predicted the results of the experiments with less than a 10% error. The work established a flexible rolling platform for possible future research, which can include the study of interface behavior in the thermo-mechanical rolling processes, and the study of material behavior in this multi-axial multi-physics environment.
Influence of Purge Flow Injection on the Performance of an Axial Turbine With Three-Dimensional Airfoils and Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring
Authors: Schäflein Lukas , Janssen Johannes , Brandies Henri , Jeschke Peter , Behre Stephan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present the evaluation of the aerodynamic robustness to rim seal purge flow of an optimized 1.5-stage axial turbine configuration with a bowed stator profile and endwall contouring. Performance maps obtained by experiments and numerical simulations show that the efficiency benefit gained by this optimized configuration is partially reduced, but not eliminated, by the injection of purge flow through the cavity downstream of the first stator. Measurements with five-hole probes and hot-wire probes, as well as unsteady RANS simulations, give detailed insights into the physical effects of the purge flow inside the rotor passage. There, when no purge flow is injected, the optimized configuration diminishes the formation of loss-inducing secondary flow structures near the hub and the casing. When purge flow is injected, however, new strong secondary flow structures are induced near the hub. These vortices generate additional losses and thereby partially negate the efficiency benefits gained by the optimization. From the data, we found that this influence of the purge flow is limited to the lower half of the channel height. The data also show that the optimized configuration is able to reduce the vorticity near the casing regardless of the purge flow injection, which in turn leads to an efficiency increase in this area. Together, these effects lead to a reduction of the previously gained efficiency benefit by the optimized configuration when it is subjected to purge flow injection. However, compared to a baseline configuration with cylindrical endwalls also subject to purge flow injection, the overall efficiency is still increased by 0.38%.
Automated Design of Packaging Cushions for Withstanding Drop Tests
Authors: So David , Hildebrand Lisa , Campbell Matthew I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A method is described to automate the design of foam packaging cushions to ensure that the packaged product does not fail when subjected to dropping. This methodology includes CAD instructions to automatically create packaging shapes and an iterative search for optimal cushion thickness using Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. The FEA is correlated to real drop-test data and the foam material is modeled in its interaction with the product. While the entire process takes over 2 hours, the result can save engineers significant time to find packaging solutions and can produce solutions that are smaller than conventionally over-designed packaging solutions. The paper presents the detailed steps of the methodology and shows results for two example products.
Proposal of Defining Exploration and Exploitation in Engineering Design and Evaluating the Degree of Exploration by Natural Language Processing
Authors: Okamoto Masahiro , Murakami Tamotsu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recently, in the field of business administration, the idea that ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation is necessary for organizations to continue to generate value in a sustainable manner has been attracting attention. Although the balance between exploration and exploitation is also considered to be important in engineering research and development and design, research from such a perspective has not been conducted. We have been analyzing the ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation from the perspective of design, and developing a method to evaluate the degree of ambidexterity objectively and quantitatively. In this paper, the definitions of exploration and exploitation in design, a quantitative evaluation method for the degree of exploration based on the definitions, and the results of the verification of this method are presented. The evaluation method is developed on the basis of the definition that focuses on whether the design object has changed qualitatively or quantitatively as a result of the organization’s activity. In this method, words related to the functions of the target product are extracted from the design documents, and their similarity to those in past documents is evaluated. As a result of applying the proposed method to the descriptions of past products, for which the relationship between exploration and exploitation has been clarified, it is shown that the proposed method can be appropriate as an evaluation method for exploration.
Experimental Validation of Origami’s Reservoir Computing Power and an Mechano-Intelligent Task of Payload Identification
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Suyi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Animals’ excellent capability to achieve complex locomotion and manipulation behaviors benefits from their unique body morphology, distributed sensory system, and direct connection with the environment, creating intelligence embodied directly in their bodies. This presents a significantly more flexible control strategy than most engineered robots that rely solely on a centralized control unit. A computing frame called physical reservoir computing is put forward to mimic the animal’s embodied intelligence, enabling many mechanical structures and materials to accomplish complex computation tasks. In this paper, we experimentally verify the computing capability of Miura-ori sheets using emulation tasks and find strategies to improve the computing performance by optimizing their physical and computational designs. Comprehensive parametric studies show that designing an unevenly distributed nodal mass and fine-tuning the origami folding designs are the most effective approach for improving computing performance. We also demonstrate the potential of using the origami reservoir to achieve an intelligent task: predicting the payload magnitude. In other words, the nonlinear dynamics of origami can be utilized to ‘feel’ the weight of objects on top of it. The results of this paper can pave the way to enable more advanced mechano-intelligence in origami-based structures and robots.
Design and Nonlinear Analysis of an Overconstraint Based Constant Amplification Ratio Compliant Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Jiaxiang , Hao Guangbo , Liu Tinghao , Li Haiyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compliant mechanism based amplifiers have been extensively studied with particular attentions to achieving a high amplification ratio. However, a constant amplification ratio is less investigated, which is much desired for a simple and quick prediction of outputs. In this research, we aim to address this need. Thereby, we present an overconstraint based constant amplification ratio compliant mechanism (OCARCM) that alleviates the change of the amplification ratio. Comparative analysis is provided between the proposed OCARCM and the widely-used bridge-type compliant amplifier in terms of the ability to remain constant amplification ratio with and without payload. The free-body diagram (FBD) combined with the beam constraint model (BCM) method is employed to obtain the closed-form solutions that accurately and insightfully elaborate the nonlinearities in the force-displacement characteristics of the OCARCM. The closed-form results are verified by the nonlinear finite element results (FEA) with a maximum error of 1%. Both models reveal that the amplification ratio of the proposed OCARCM decreases by 1%, while the amplification ratio of the bridge-type amplifier decreases by approximately 14% under the same conditions. An experiment based on the 3D-printed prototype is conducted, which provides some insights into the characteristics of the design and the potential for future improvement.
Biodynamic Response of Seated Human Body to Random and 1 Hz Lateral-Roll Dual-Axis Vibration
Authors: Lin Zefeng , Zhang Junhong , Li Meng , Ni Guangjian , Lin Jiewei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
People are exposed to whole-body vibration involving multiple directions during daily life especially travelling in vehicles. This study carries out experimental research on human response to dual-axis lateral and roll vibration. Random and sinusoidal vibration defined at 1 Hz are employed as the stimuli. Corresponding apparent inertia and root mean square of human response are measured to investigate the effect of phase difference as well as the vibration intensity. As a result, the symmetrical effect of the phase difference on the human response is detected. The intensity of roll and lateral vibration shows opposite effects. Partial coherence analysis is conducted, and the dominance of lateral vibration is confirmed. Hence, to improve the ride comfort, the lateral vibration needs a higher priority to be controlled compared to the roll one. The compensation effect of the roll vibration provides an effective way to reduce human response around the resonance frequency as long as the magnitude of it is carefully controlled.