bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children’s Hospital
Authors: Lyu Shuang , Shi Wei , Dong Fang , Xu Bao ping , Liu Gang , Wang Quan , Yao Kai hu , Yang Yong hong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The epidemiological data of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates are important for the practice of treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric S. pneumoniae isolated from outpatients and inpatients.
Methods: S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined by diagnostic pneumococcal antisera, and resistance against 13 antibiotics was tested by either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The sequence types (STs) were analyzed with multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results: The five dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F(32.9%), 19A(20.7%), 23F(10.7%), 6A(10.0%), and 14 (8.6%), while those in the outpatients were 19F (13.6%), 23F (12.9%), 6A (10.0%), 6B (10.0%), and 19A (7.9%). The coverage rates of the 7-, 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine formulations were high. The non-susceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates were 7.1%, 92.8%, 65.7%, 100%, and 85.0%, respectively, while those among the outpatient isolates were 0.7%, 50.0%, 38.6%, 96.4%, and 65.7%, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was more prevalent in inpatients.
Conclusions: The pneumococcal vaccine related serotypes were still prevalent either in inpatient department or in outpatient department, which with serious antibiotic resistance. These results might be helpful forunderstanding the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in Beijing. Therefore, universal immunization of PCVs should be implemented to prevent the spread of vaccine related serotypes of S. pneumoniae.
GNSS-IR applied to vineyard moisture
Authors: Garrido-Villén Natalia , Berné José Luis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multipath is one of the most severe station-dependent error sources in static GNSS positioning, yet it can be used to conduct several studies. The Global Navigation Satellite System – interferometry and reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has been widely used to study soil moisture and snow depth. In this work, GNSS-IR is used to find the correlation between vineyard leaf moisture and GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The GNSS data have been collected during the leafy period in a vineyard when water content varies significantly. Only data from low satellite elevation angles (between 5º and 30º) have been taken into consideration and the azimuth has been studied because trellis plantation was used in the vineyard. The amplitudes of the SNR data correlate with the water content in vineyard leaves. Both GPS and Galileo signals were evaluated, but a lack of signals prevented full use of the Galileo system. Our study shows that the L2C signal is better for the analysis of humidity as there is a greater correlation. Finally, the results show that with the latest GPS, L2C, and L5 signals, the SNR can be used more reliably for multipath reflectometry. GPS L5 signal will become more important because of the increasing compatibility and interoperability of global satellite navigation systems.
Neuroendoscopic Surgery versus Stereotactic Aspiration in the treatment of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Shuwen , Huang Xin , Fei Xiaobin , Gong Kai , Zhou Xinmin , Gao Heng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
No consensus has been reached on the superiority between Neuroendoscopic Surgery (NS) versus Stereotactic Aspiration (SA) in the treatment of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, this study conducted in-depth analysis and aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NS versus SA for supratentorial ICH.
Methods
We searched for the all-relevant studies systematically from English databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Two independent researchers identified and selected these literatures that met the inclusion criteria. Then we evaluated the quality of these studies according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RevMan 5.4 statistical software was used to conduct this meta-analysis.
Results
Fifteen studies, including 2600 supratentorial ICH patients, were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that NS could effectively reduce the postoperative mortality (P < 0.00001) and increase the hematoma evacuation rate (P < 0.00001). However, no significant difference was found between NS and SA in improving the functional prognosis (P = 0.15). In the aspect of hospital stays (P < 0.00001), no enough evidence could support that SA could shorten the hospital stays better than NS. However, SA had more advantages in shortening operation time (P < 0.00001) and reducing intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.00001). In the aspect of complications, NS could have a positive effect on preventing intracranial infection (P = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis, we found that Initial GCS might be a risk factor affecting prognosis and hematoma volume might be an important factor affecting mortality.
Conclusion
NS might have more advantages than SA in the treatment of supratentorial ICH. However, SA was also an effective alternative for middle-aged and elderly patients. More high-quality studies were needed to verify our conclusions in the future.
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Beams Strengthened by CFRP
Authors: Dawood Malak H. , AL-asadi Ali K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flexural behavior of concrete beams containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and strengthened externally by CFRP sheets was discussed in this paper. In the experimental program, twelve concrete beams, 150×200 mm in cross-section over an effective span of 1100 mm, with a tensile reinforcement ratio of 0.9%, with four-point load tested. The beams were subdivided into two groups. The first group consists of four beams, one of them is a control beam with natural aggregate (NA), and the others with different RCA ratios (30%, 50%, and 70%), whereas the second group consists of eight beams with a 50% RCA and uses CFRP sheets to strengthen them in various techniques. The externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) method and externally bonded reinforcement on the groove (EBROG) method were both compared. Generally, the test results showed that the flexural strength of RCA beams decreased significantly from 3% to 10.5% as RCA content increased. While the utilization of CFRP sheets to strengthen specimens led to an increase in the flexural strength of RCA beams, where the rate of increase ranged from 5% to 45.6% for the EBR method and 30.5% to 40.4% for the EBROG method.
Photopatternable and electrically conductive exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet-reinforced SU-8 nanocomposites for electrical lead micropatterning
Authors: Woo Seungpyo , Song Sehwan , Lee Youlim , Lee Woochul , Yoon Sang-Hee 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand for polymer-based electrical leads patterned on polymer substrates of any shape to connect two electrical components. Much, however, still remains challenging about electrical leads made of polymer nanocomposites that have high affinity to polymer substrates and outstanding applicability to curved surfaces, unlike metals. This leads to the need for development of photopatternable and electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites and, by extension, comprehensive understanding of the constituent and processes involved in their development. Here, a set of polymer nanocomposites incorporating exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP) into SU-8, xGnP/SU-8 nanocomposites, are developed as photopatternable and electrically conductive nanocomposites for electrical lead micropatterning. The inclusion of xGnP, carbon-based conductive nanofiller, is intended to provide electrical conductivity and the use of SU-8, photocurable host polymer, is designed to achieve both patternability and strong adhesion to polymer surfaces. First, the patterning characteristics of xGnP/SU-8 nanocomposites are explored with regard to patterning thickness and patterning error; The dependence of patterning characteristics on xGnP content and UV exposure dose are extensively investigated. Next, we explore an evolution in the electrical conductivity of xGnP/SU-8 nanocomposites with variation of xGnP content to understand their electrical behavior. Finally yet importantly, the applicability of xGnP/SU-8 nanocomposites to electrical lead micropatterning is demonstrated by photopatterning an electrical circuit for light emitting diode (LED) chips using the xGnP/SU-8 nanocomposites on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The findings of this study will contribute to a significant growth of polymer-based electrical leads and better understanding of photopatternable and electrically conductive nanocomposites.
Total Iron and Different Iron Forms Contents Affecting by Soil Characteristics in Vertisols, SE Turkey
Authors: Büyükkılıç Tuba Çınar , Seyrek Ali , Yanardağ Asuman Büyükkılıç , Yanardağ İbrahim Halil , Mermut Ahmet , Cano Angel Faz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Iron (Fe) in the soil is a very important element for agricultural applications and the development of plants, which have different forms. The presence of Fe in the rhizosphere is controlled by the activity of Fe forms in the soil and the microorganisms and surrounding root-soil interaction of plants and roots. The objectives of this study were to identify, and to examine their interaction with soil properties in vertisols. The results showed that; FeT contents ranged from 1.17 and 47.71 g kg-1, mean 13.81 g kg-1 › FeD contents 0.18 to 17.85 g kg-1 and mean 7.23 g kg-1 › FeO contents 0.01–0.31 g kg-1 mean 0.18 g kg-1 › FeDTPA contents 0.00–0.17 g kg-1 mean 0.04 g kg-1 › FeP contents 0.00–0.02 g kg-1 mean 0.01 g kg-1. Clay-silt fractions and organic matter had a very powerful impression on Fe forms distribution. FeD, FeDTPA, FeO ve FeP had low quantities. This is thought to be due to insufficient rainfall and some soil characteristics (including high pH, low organic matter, clay texture, and high lime content), as iron is not easily dissolved in the soil. There was a very important relation between clay content, organic matter, silt fractions, and Fe forms in the studied area. There was a positive correlation between soil organic carbon and DTPA-extractable Fe. There was a negative correlation between DTPA-extractable Fe and soil pH, also calcium carbonate content. When total Fe was rised, clay-silt content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased in the soil profiles. Especially in Zone 3 has more Fe and Fe contents, the results showed that; There was a very good balance between the different Fe fractions and soil properties. Zone 3 had more total iron contents than the other zones, because of their soil properties. Fe bound by organic sites, water-soluble plus exchangeable Fe and Fe were adsorbed onto oxides (amorphous surfaces) and were positively correlated with the DTPA-extractable Fe.
Interrelationship among substrate utilization, metabolic productions, and housekeeping-related gene expression levels in Mortierella alpina CBS 754.68
Authors: samadlouie hamid reza , Gharanjik Shahrokh , Vatandost Abdolah , Tarvigi Side Maryam Ghasemi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mortierella alpina has been well-known for producing a substantial amount of lipid with considerable amounts of long poly unsaturated fatty acid. A combination of excess carbon with nitrogen-limited substrates supplemented with magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) were used to assay their effects on lipid and dry weight biomass of Mortierella alpina CBS 754.68 productions and subsequently, the expressions of 10 possible candidate housekeeping genes during the fermentation time. The results indicated that proteins were completely used up over the early stage of the fermentation and, as a result, DWB steadily declined at the end of the fermentation time, while in medium with MgONPs, Mortierella alpina stayed at the growth phase during the fermentation time. GeNorm and BestKeeper software were used to analyze statistically the data of Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) of 10 possible candidate housekeeping genes. Ultimately, actin was rated as a best housekeeping gene candidate when Mortierella alpina experienced both growth and death phases, on the other hand dihydropteridine reductase and 28s were realized as suitable ones when Mortierella alpina stayed in a growth phase.
Selective detection of Fe 3+ ion using Zn 2 TiO 4 through fluorescence quenching probes
Authors: JOSEYPHUS R. SELWIN , PUSHPARAJAN J. , AKANSHA M. , JOHNSON K. , ANJANA P. M. , ARISH D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present work, rutile-free Zn2TiO4 has been synthesized by the solid-state method using TiO2 as hydrated titania and ZnO of 1:2 molar ratio. The reaction mixture was calcined at different temperature ranges 550 oC to 950 oC. The phase evolution was identified by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the material, which showed irregular micron-sized and aggregated particles. Upon calcination at 950 oC, rutile-free, pure cubic Zn2TiO4 was obtained as evidenced by the aforementioned spectral analysis. The optical bandgap of the calcined products was calculated using UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra, which were found to be in the range of 3.55 to 3.85 eV. The fluorescent emission characteristics of the Zn2TiO4, and their quenching effects by adding various metal ions, owing to the formation of complexes between the metal ions and the surface of the Zn2TiO4, were investigated. The sensing properties were also evaluated using the standard Stern–Volmer quenching model. The results showed that Zn2TiO4 possesses high sensitivity and selectivity towards iron ions.
Effects of a new thrombolytic compound LT3001 on acute brain tissue damage after focal embolic stroke in rats
Authors: Jiang Yinghua , Ji Yang , Zhou Iris Yuwen , Liu Ning , Sun Phillip Zhe , Ning Mingming , Dumont Aaron S. , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
LT3001 is a novel synthetic small molecule with thrombolytic and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, we tested the effects of LT3001 as a potential alternative thrombolytic in focal embolic ischemic stroke rat model. Stroke rats received intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg LT3001 or tPA at 1.5, 3 or 4.5 hours after stroke, respectively, and all outcomes were measured at 24 hours after stroke. We performed multi-parametric MRI, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and neurological severity score. Lastly, we assessed the effect of LT3001 on tPA activity in vitro, international normalized ratio (INR), and serum levels of active tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). LT3001 treated at 1.5 hours after stroke is neuroprotective by reducing the CBF lesion size, lowering diffusion and T2 lesion size measured by MRI. Non-TTC-stained infarction was also reduced. When treated at 3 hours after stroke, LT3001 had significantly better therapeutic effects regarding reduction of infarct size, swelling rate and hemorrhagic transformation compared to tPA. When treated at 4.5 hours after stroke, tPA, but not LT3001, significantly increased brain swelling and intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation. Lastly, LT3001 did not interfere tPA activity in vitro, or significantly alter INR, serum levels of active tPA and PAI-1 in vivo. Our data suggests that LT3001 is neuroprotective in focal embolic stroke rat model. It might have thrombolytic property, not interfere tPA/PAI-1 activity, and cause less risk of hemorrhagic transformation compared to conventional tPA. Taken together, LT3001 might be developed as a novel reagent for treating thrombotic ischemic stroke or combination thrombolytic therapy with tPA.
Comparison of three artificial rumen systems for rumen microbiome modeling
Authors: Shaw Claire A , Park Yuna , Gonzalez Maria , Pandey Pramod K , Brooke Charles G , Hess Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The rumen contains a complex mixture of microbes, which are crucial for ruminant health and feed fermentation. During the fermentation process some of the feed-derived carbon becomes carbon dioxide and methane, which are released into the atmosphere where they act as greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change. There is growing interest in reducing the loss of feed-derived carbon and making it available to the animal, improving animal productivity, while also reducing the carbon footprint of the ruminant industry. To this end, artificial rumen systems (ARS) have been used for evaluating novel feed additives for their effect on the rumen microbiome and rumen function prior to conducting resource intensive animal trials. Whereas ARS are capable of predicting the response of the rumen and its microbiome, it is unclear how accurately different in vitro systems simulate the natural system and how results compare between the artificial systems that are being employed. Here we evaluated physical, chemical and microbiome metrics of three ARS over five days and compared them to those metrics in the in vivo rumen.
Results
Over a 48 hrs sampling period, the batch style platform (Ankom) was able to replicate pH, volatile fatty acid profile, and bacterial and fungal microbiome of the in vivo rumen, but its accuracy of mimicking in vivo metrics dropped significantly beyond 48 hrs. In contrast, the semi-continuous RUSITEC models, RUSITEC PP and RUSITEC prime, were able to mimic the volatile fatty acid profile and microbiota of the in vivo rumen for up to 120 hrs of rumen simulation. Comparison of gas production across vessel types demonstrated that the semi-continuous RUSITEC platforms display less variability among vessel replicates and time compared to the Ankom system.
Conclusions
In this study, we found that three widely used ARS were able to simulate the rumen ecosystem adequately for the first 48 hrs, with predictions from the more advanced semi-continuous ARS being more accurate when simulations extended over 48 hrs. Findings of this study will help to select the appropriate in vitro system for evaluating the response of the complex rumen microbiome to feed additives. Further work is necessary to improve the capabilities of these platforms and to standardize the methodology for large-scale application.
The Crosstalk Between CTNNB1 Mutation and M2 Macrophages Contribute to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Suppressive Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Luo Yong-gang , Xu Zhong-neng , Wang Qi , Zhao Jian-qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective:Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene was the second most common mutation after TP53 in HCC. However, the CTNNB1 mutation and tumor immune microenvironment of HCC have not been clarified.
Materials and Methods: We compared the CTNNB1 mutation frequency and hotspot site in China Pan-cancer (OrigiMed2020) and TCGA PanCancer Atlas cohort via cBioPortal database. The differentially expressed genes and corresponding function enrichment analysis between CTNNB1 mutation and non-mutation was detected by DESeq2 and MetaScape database, respectively. We also analyzed the association between CTNNB1 mutation status and drug sensitivity based on the RNAactDrug and DREIMT database.
Furthermore, we explored the genetic alteration score, infiltration of immune cell, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy under CTNNB1 mutation status by means of IPS and TIDE methods. Besides, gene module associated with CTNNB1 mutation and M2 immune cell were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Besides, we integrated differently expressed genes and gene modules associated crosstalk CTNNB1 mutation and M2 immune cell to seek targeted genes for CTNNB1-mutated HCC.
Results:There are obvious differences in CTNNB1 mutation frequency and mutation hotspots between European-American and Chinese patients with HCC. CTNNB1 mutation significantly altered Wnt signaling pathway score and he sensitivity to drugs, such as Nutlin-3 and PHA-665752. High TMB, microsatellite instability, neoantigen loads, intratumor heterogeneity score, number of segments, and homologous recombination defects score were significantly increased in CTNNB1 mutations group. Besides, Cibersort, EPIC, quantiseq, and xcell immune method suggested M2-type macrophages are significantly enriched in CTNNB1-mutated HCC. Interestingly, CTNNB1-mutated HCC showed a low level in immune checkpoint signature score.
11 gene modules were identified by WGCNA. Of them, we focused on MEmagenta (Gene modules positively correlated to CTNNB1 mutation and M2 macrophage) and MEbrown gene module (Gene modules negatively correlated to CTNNB1 mutation and M2 macrophage). Targeting pathways such as Wnt signaling and leukocyte activation were promising therapeutic strategy for CTNNB1-mutant HCC.
Conclusion:CTNNB1 plays an important role in the initiation and progression of HCC. Our results may provide novel insights for the selection of immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for CTNNB1-mutant HCC.
CD8α+ cDC1s integrate cell death signals to initiate inflammatory T cell immunity to dietary antigens following reovirus infection
Authors: Jabri Bana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most gastrointestinal viral infections are cleared without disrupting homeostatic responses and promoting immunopathology. However, there are also reports showing that viral infections promote loss of oral tolerance to dietary antigens and the development of celiac disease (CeD)1,2. We identified two strains of reovirus, T1L, and T3D-RV, that infect the gut and induce protective immunity, but differ in their capacity to induce pathogenic responses to dietary antigens as assessed by inhibition of peripheral regulatory T cell differentiation (pTregs) and induction of T-helper-1 (TH1) immunity1. Taking advantage of this infection model, we sought to define the mechanisms through which reovirus T1L infection blocks pTreg differentiation and induces TH1 cells to dietary antigens. At homeostasis, migratory conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) are the key DC subset instructing tolerogenic responses to dietary antigens. Here, we report that following T1L infection, the migratory CD8α+ cDC1 subset is central to the development of TH1 immunity to dietary antigens upon sensing necroptotic epithelial cells via the C-type lectin domain family 9 member (Clec9a). Furthermore, we identified the viral determinants required for the induction of TH1 and discovered that the development of TH1 immunity to dietary antigens is more tightly controlled than the loss of differentiation of pTregs. More specifically, while type-I interferon signaling was sufficient to block differentiation of pTregs, IL-12 production induced upon sensing of necroptotic cells was additionally required for initiation of TH1 immunity. Overall, our work demonstrates a non-redundant role for necroptosis and the migratory CD8α+ cDC1 subset in initiating inflammatory responses to normally innocuous dietary antigens in the context of viral infection.