Les journalistes et leurs sources, un renfort mutuel
Authors: Buduchev Vitaly 
Published: January 2022

FR. La construction des informations internationales est une affaire collective. Un grand nombre d’acteurs coopèrent afin que l’article parlant d’un événement médiatique survenu quelque part dans le monde puisse voir le jour. L’élection présidentielle en Biélorussie de 2010 est le produit d’une coopération de multiples acteurs ayant leurs propres intérêts, qui sont pour partie convergents, partiellement divergents, mais jamais antagonistes. La compatibilité des intérêts des acteurs qui prennent part dans la production commune fait en sorte que les chaînes de coopération se constituent, afin de raconter la Biélorussie aux lecteurs russes et français. Les journalistes veulent des informations équilibrées et pertinentes, les sources souhaiteraient que leur vision de la Biélorussie s’installe sur les pages des journaux moscovites et parisiens. Ainsi, le journaliste constituant les chaînes, accordant de la valeur à telle source locale, et écartant tel autre acteur biélorusse, se trouve, comme ses interlocuteurs, pris dans les chaînes qu’il initie. Voulant dominer la Biélorussie d’un regard de journaliste étranger et normalement distancié, il s’engage malgré lui sur un terrain miné par les violences ordonnées par les autorités toutes puissantes et les attitudes des opposants sans défense livrés à leur tortionnaire. Ainsi les reporters se font séduire par les opposants, deviennent leur personnel de renfort, finissent par s’impliquer et laissent finalement circuler le discours opposant sur les pages des journaux, non pour défendre la cause des victimes, mais au nom des principes de base collectivement partagés, dénonçant les violences. Ces implications sur le terrain nous font oublier la différence entre les reporters russes et français, qui se retrouvent côte à côte, enchaînés dans les affaires biélorusses, dans les mêmes conditions, dans les mêmes lieux, entourés des mêmes personnes, s’impliquant conventionnellement contre les injustices vues et vécues, ayant des objectifs semblables et produisant des informations sous un angle convergent. Il s’avère dans cette situation que, sans se concerter, les reporters russes et français font naître une équipe transnationale professionnelle.

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EN. Producing international news is a collective endeavor. Numerous actors must cooperate to make it possible to publish an article about a media event that occurred somewhere in the world. Coverage of the 2010 presidential election in Belarus was the result of cooperation between multiple actors, each with their own interests; some convergent, some divergent, but never antagonistic. The compatibility of actors’ interests involved in joint news production ensured that channels of cooperation were set up to shed light on Belarus for Russian and French readers. Journalists want balanced and relevant news, but their sources want their own vision of Belarus to appear on the pages of Moscow and Paris newspapers. Thus, the journalists who establish channels, attributing value to a particular local source and excluding others, find themselves, like their interlocu- tors, caught up in the channels they have created. Though wanting to portray Belarus from a foreign and rationally distanced perspective, journalists unwittingly set off down a path hewn by violence inflicted by all-powerful authorities and the attitudes of the defenceless opponents handed over to their torturers. Reporters are seduced by the opposition, become its mouthpiece, end up getting involved and finally let the opposition discourse circulate on the pages of the newspapers, not to defend the cause of the victims, but in the name of the basic principle collectively shared, which is to denounce violence. These realities make us forget the difference between Russian and French reporters, who find themselves side by side, embroiled in Belarusian affairs, under the same conditions, in the same places, surrounded by the same people, involved in a conventional manner against injustices seen and experienced, with similar objectives and producing news from convergent viewpoints. It appears in this context that, without consulting each other, Russian and French reporters create a professional transnational team.

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PT. A construção de notícias internacionais é um processo coletivo. Um grande número de atores coopera para que uma matéria sobre um evento de mídia em qualquer lugar do mundo possa ser publicada. A eleição presidencial de 2010 na Bielorrússia é o produto da cooperação de múltiplos atores com seus próprios interesses que são, em parte, convergentes, parcialmente divergentes, mas nunca antagônicos. A compatibilidade dos interesses dos atores envolvidos na produção coletiva significa que os canais de cooperação se constituem a fim de informar a Bielorrússia aos leitores russos e franceses. Os jornalistas querem informações equilibradas e relevantes, as fontes gostariam que sua visão da Bielorrússia se estabelecesse nas páginas dos jornais moscovitas e parisienses. Assim, o jornalista que se torna um canal, ne medida em que atribui valor a uma fonte e dispensa determinado ator do meio bielorrusso, encontra-se, junto com seus interlocutores, preso à essa cadeia. Querendo dominar a Bielorrússia com o olhar de um jornalista estrangeiro e normalmente distanciado, ele está comprometido com campo minado pela violência ordenada pelas poderosas autoridades locais e pelas as atitudes de opositores indefesos entregues a seu torturador. Assim, os repórteres são seduzidos pelos opositores, tornam-se parte da sua rede de colaboradores, acabam se envolvendo e finalmente deixam um discurso contrário circular nas páginas dos jornais, não para defender a causa das vítimas, mas em nome dos princípios básicos, coletivamente partilhados, de denúncia à violência. As implicações desse processo colocam em segundo plano as diferenças entre os repórteres russos e franceses, que se encontram lado a lado, acorrentados a assuntos bielorrussos, nas mesmas condições, nos mesmos lugares, cercados pelas mesmas pessoas, envolvendo-se convencionalmente contra injustiças vistas e experimentadas, tendo objetivos semelhantes e produzindo informações de um ângulo convergente. Acontece nesta situação que, sem consultar um ao outro, os repórteres russos e franceses criam uma equipe profissional transnacional.

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