bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Contract, the Game of Life and the Shadow of the Future
Authors: Skyrms Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ken Binmore’s (1994, 1998) treatment of his Game of Life as a bargaining game and his treatment of morality as an equilibrium selection device for that game, are examined in the context of repeated games with both infinite and finite horizon. With a finite horizon, there are three different viable approaches. They differ in the way they impact his treatment of morality.
Amending a tropical Arenosol: increasing shares of biochar and clay improve the nutrient sorption capacity
Authors: Beusch Christine , Melzer Dennis , Cierjacks Arne , Kaupenjohann Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTropical Arenosols may be challenging for agricultural use, particularly in semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of increasing shares of biochar and clay on the nutrient sorption capacity of a tropical Arenosol. In batch equilibrium experiments, the sorption of ammonium-N ($$\hbox {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$

NH

4

+

-N

), nitrate-N ($$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$

NO

3

-

-N

), potassium ($$\text {K}^{+}$$

K
+

), and phosphate-P ($$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$

PO

4

3
-

-P

) was quantified for mixtures of an Arenosol with increasing shares of biochar and clay (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 100%) and the unmixed Arenosol, biochar, and clay. The mid-temperature biochar was produced from Prosopis juliflora feedstock; the clayey material was taken from the sedimentary parent material of a temporarily dry lake. Only the Arenosol–biochar mixture with 10% biochar addition and the biochar increased the $$\text {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$

NH

4

+

-N

maximum sorption capacity ($$q_{max}$$

q

max

) of the Arenosol, by 34% and 130%, respectively. The $$q_{max}$$

q

max

of $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$

PO

4

3
-

-P

slightly increased with ascending biochar shares (1–10%) by 14%, 30%, 26%, and 42%, whereas the undiluted biochar released $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$

PO

4

3
-

-P

. Biochar addition slightly reduced $$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$

NO

3

-

-N

release from the Arenosol but strongly induced $$\text {K}^{+}$$

K
+

release. On the other hand, clay addition of 10% and clay itself augmented $$q_{max}$$

q

max

of $$\text {NH}_{4}^{+}{\text{-N}}$$

NH

4

+

-N

by 30% and 162%; ascending clay rates (1–100%) increased $$q_{max}$$

q

max

for $$\text {PO}_{4}^{3-}{\text{-P}}$$

PO

4

3
-

-P

by 78%, 130%, 180%, 268%, and 712%. Clay rates above 5% improved $$\text {K}^{+}$$

K
+

sorption; however, no $$q_{max}$$

q

max

values could be derived. Sorption of $$\text {NO}_{3}^{-}{\text{-N}}$$

NO

3

-

-N

remained unaffected by clay amendment. Overall, clay addition proved to enhance the nutrient sorption capacity of the Arenosol more effectively than biochar; nonetheless, both materials may be promising amendments to meliorate sandy soils for agricultural use in the semi-arid tropics.
TaxoMulti: Rule-Based Expert System to Customize Product Taxonomies for Multi-Channel E-commerce
Authors: Angermann Heiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTaxonomies are used as product categories to facilitate users navigating through an e-commerce portal with the help of hierarchically structured concepts. However, the identical taxonomy is shown to each customer regardless of the channel used. This is challenging for the customers in terms of user experience, as the screen size is rigid, and has not a flexible format like a printed catalog. Simply reducing the taxonomy as suggested in existing works is not sufficient, as it leads to semantic misrepresentation of the product domain. To overcome the inflexibility of product taxonomies, the rule-based expert system TaxoMulti is presented in this paper. The main objectives of our descriptive research are the formulation of the taxonomy over- and undersize problem in multi-channel context, before different types of flexible mediator concepts are discussed that allow overcoming these challenges. Using our novel method, marketing experts can now provide different taxonomies including the same semantics to be shown on different channels. The method is implemented using logic programming, allowing the integration of an inference engine utilizing background knowledge without changing the underlying logic of the used information (management) system. The comprehensive experiments on three public and private databases highlight the improvement when adding different types of mediator concepts for the adaption process. Compared to existing best performing works in related fields, TaxoMulti has achieved an improvement of + 26.31 % for the reduction of the taxonomy, + 60 % for the enlargement of the taxonomy, and + 21.21 % in terms of flexibility.
Liquiritin Relieves Oxygen-Glucose Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Injury via Inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liao Liangying , Zhang Zhanwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn traditional Chinese medicine, liquiritin, an active component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Fabaceae, has several pharmacological effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to explore the protective functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of liquiritin on nerve injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with varying concentrations of liquiritin for different periods of time, and 3-(45)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-35-di-phenytetrazoliumromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were employed to determine the levels of cell viability and damage. Subsequently, cells were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation to establish an ischemia/reperfusion injury model. The results revealed that liquiritin protected SH-SY5Y cells from oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced damage by improving viability and reducing apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Liquiritin inhibited activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, treatment with a p38MAPK-specific agonist reversed the protective effects of liquiritin.
Graphical abstract
Variability in the psychological impact of four waves of COVID-19: a time-series study of 60 000 text-based counseling sessions
Authors: Chan Christian S. , Yang Chi-Ting , Xu Yucan , He Lihong , Yip Paul S. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous exposure to stressors can lead to vulnerability and, in some cases, resilience. This study examined the variation in its psychological impact across the first four waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.MethodsTranscripts from Open Up, an online text-based counseling service, between January 2019 and January 2021 were analyzed (N= 60 775). We identified COVID-19 mentioned sessions using keywords and further categorized them into those that also mentioned symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) and those that did not. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to analyze the associations between the severity of the outbreak and the mention of COVID-19 and CMDs.ResultsResults revealed that the pandemic led to increased psychological distress. Compared to prior to its advent, more people sought help in the initial months of the outbreak. Furthermore, associations were found between the severity of the outbreak and the number of help-seeker mentioning the pandemic, as well as between the outbreak severity and the number of help-seekers disclosing psychological distress. However, these relationships were not uniform across the four waves of outbreaks; a dissociation between outbreak severity and help-seekers' concern was found in the fourth wave.ConclusionAs the pandemic waxes and wanes, people may become habituated to its psychological toll. This may be interpreted as a form of resilience. Instead of worsening with time, the psychological impact of COVID-19 may reduce with repeated exposure.
Uranium Isotopic Composition and Constraints on the Provenance of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau's Surface Dust
Authors: Jiao Xiaoyu , Dong Zhiwen , Parteli Eric J. R. , Brahney Janice , Wei Ting , Augusto Marcelli , Nie Junsheng , Ren Jiawen , Qin Xiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe production and emission of aeolian dust can provide key information on the contemporary and historical links between geological evolution and climate. Here we use 234U/238U isotope ratios and the uranium (U) comminution age method on samples collected from Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (TP) surface dust and glacier snowpack/cryoconites to determine the erosion and potential transport provenance of the dust, regardless of petrological origin. The spatial variation of the (234U/238U) isotope ratios of TP dust showed relatively high values in the Songpan‐Ganzi‐Hoh Xil, Himalayan and the Kunlun‐Qaidam‐Qilian terranes, while showing relatively low (234U/238U) values in Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes, but among all samples the highest value appeared in the glaciation zone. Dust collected from nearby glacial areas with rugged terrain (e.g., the Qilian and Himalayan Mountains) have higher (234U/238U) values than those collected in the topologically flat non‐glacial areas. These differences are consistent with elevated erosion rates and dust comminution‐transport processes in glacial areas, which yield a major source for large quantities of fresh comminuted particles. Compared to sediments from other regions of the globe, the (234U/238U) values of the typical aeolian sinks (such as loess on the Loess Plateau and ice core dust, etc.) are generally lower in comparison to areas with high elevations where erosion rates are high. The (234U/238U) isotope values of TP dust tend to fall between the high‐elevation sites and the dust sinks, indicating the combined influence of short comminution times (tectonics, landscape dynamics, and glacial erosion) and long residence time on the TP. When compared with other central Asian dust sources, U‐Nd‐Sr isotope signatures in TP dust are distinct and can be thus used as an effective tracer of dust provenance. Using U isotopes, we show that dust originating from the TP undergoes long‐range transport and constitutes potentially significant component of the Asian and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric dust load.
Annual Variations of Isoprene and Other Non‐Methane Hydrocarbons in the Jiaozhou Bay on the East Coast of North China
Authors: Li Xiao‐Jun , Liang Hao‐Rui , Zhuang Guang‐Chao , Wu Ying‐Cui , Li Si‐Tong , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Montgomery Andrew , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and the ocean is a source of NMHCs in the atmosphere. Here, we investigated the annual variations of NMHCs concentrations and fluxes (i.e., ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and isoprene) in the semi‐enclosed shallow waters of Jiaozhou Bay from September 2016 to August 2017. Ethylene is the most abundant NMHCs, with an annual average concentration of 487.7 ± 239.3 pmol L−1. The concentrations of other NMHCs were lower; the average concentrations for ethane, propane, propylene, and isoprene were 87.0 ± 49.0, 65.7 ± 22.9, 127.4 ± 77.8, and 60.5 ± 47.1 pmol L−1, respectively. NMHCs concentrations varied largely between seasons and higher abundance were observed in summer. The correlations between NMHCs and environmental variables such as chlorophyll a (Chl‐a), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were ambiguous, and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested nutrients contributed significantly to total variation. These results indicated that the control of NMHCs could be more complex in dynamic and anthropogenically impacted estuarine systems, which could be a result of multiple processes involving phytoplankton release, photochemical production, riverine input, and so forth. The average annual sea‐to‐air fluxes of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and isoprene were 105.9–298.3, 583.5–1,337.0, 36.7–95.2, 85.2–389.6, and 25.2–182.4 nmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Although coastal and estuarine environments only account for a minor fraction of the global ocean (0.26%–0.39%), NMHC emissions from these areas could influence regional atmospheric chemistry and may be relatively important for global budgets (ethane, 1.70%; ethylene, 1.54%; propane, 1.29%; propylene, 0.87%; isoprene, 3.17%).
Light amplified oxidative stress in tumor microenvironment by carbonized hemin nanoparticles for boosting photodynamic anticancer therapy
Authors: Lin Liyun , Pang Wen , Jiang Xinyan , Ding Shihui , Wei Xunbin , Gu Bobo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light excite photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently ablate cancer cells or diseased tissue, has attracted a great deal of attention in the last decades due to its unique advantages. However, the advancement of PDT is restricted by the inherent characteristics of PS and tumor microenvironment (TME). It is urgent to explore high-performance PSs with TME regulation capability and subsequently improve the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we reported a newly engineered PS of polymer encapsulated carbonized hemin nanoparticles (P-CHNPs) via a facile synthesis procedure for boosting photodynamic anticancer therapy. Solvothermal treatment of hemin enabled the synthesized P-CHNPs to enhance oxidative stress in TME, which could be further amplified under light irradiation. Excellent in vitro and in vivo PDT effects were achieved due to the improved ROS (hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen) generation efficiency, hypoxia relief, and glutathione depletion. Moreover, the superior in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and boosted PDT effect make the P-CHNPs a potential therapeutic agent for future translational research.
A monolithically sculpted van der Waals nano-opto-electro-mechanical coupler
Authors: Zhang Tongyao , Wang Hanwen , Xia Xiuxin , Yan Ning , Sha Xuanzhe , Huang Jinqiang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zhu Mengjian , Wang Lei , Gao Jiantou , Liang Xilong , Qin Chengbing , Xiao Liantuan , Sun Dongming , Zhang Jing , Han Zheng , Li Xiaoxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems (NOEMS) are a class of hybrid solid devices that hold promises in both classical and quantum manipulations of the interplay between one or more degrees of freedom in optical, electrical and mechanical modes. To date, studies of NOEMS using van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are very limited, although vdW materials are known for emerging phenomena such as spin, valley, and topological physics. Here, we devise a universal method to easily and robustly fabricate vdW heterostructures into an architecture that hosts opto-electro-mechanical couplings in one single device. We demonstrated several functionalities, including nano-mechanical resonator, vacuum channel diodes, and ultrafast thermo-radiator, using monolithically sculpted graphene NOEMS as a platform. Optical readout of electric and magnetic field tuning of mechanical resonance in a CrOCl/graphene vdW NOEMS is further demonstrated. Our results suggest that the introduction of the vdW heterostructure into the NOEMS family will be of particular potential for the development of novel lab-on-a-chip systems.
Active swimming and transport by currents observed in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) acoustically tracked in the western North Pacific
Authors: Fukuda Nobuto , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Yokouchi Kazuki , Kurogi Hiroaki , Okazaki Makoto , Miyake Yoichi , Watanabe Tomowo , Chow Seinen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms of oceanic animal migration remain enigmatic. Adult Japanese eels start their long-distance oceanic migration from coastal areas to breed near the West Mariana Ridge. We tracked acoustically tagged eels released in the Kuroshio Current (KC) area near Japan (five silver-phase eels, three of which had impaired swim bladders) and a tropical/subtropical (TS) area near/in the spawning area (two yellow-phase and three silver-phase eels). We analyzed their active swimming and transport by water currents. The strong flow of the KC dominated the eels’ movements in the north, and TS area; their swimming influenced their movements. In the KC area, greater distances were covered at night than during the day, because eels swam in shallower layers with strong currents at night. Three and one eel in the TS and KC area in the upper 400 m showed counterclockwise and clockwise movements around the time of solar culmination, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that eels released at middle latitudes (20°–34° N) generally swam southward through currents, whereas those released at low latitudes (12°–13° N) generally swam northward through currents. Our study suggests the influence of the surrounding current and a potential effect of solar cues on the movements of Japanese eels.
Computed tomography based analyses of body mass composition in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients undergoing first line treatment with pertuzumab and trastuzumab
Authors: Palleschi Michela , Prochowski Iamurri Andrea , Scarpi Emanuela , Mariotti Marita , Maltoni Roberta , Mannozzi Francesca , Barone Domenico , Paganelli Giovanni , Casi Michela , Giampalma Emanuela , De Giorgi Ugo , Rocca Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBody composition parameters (BCp) have been associated with outcome in different tumor types. However, their prognostic value in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (BC) receiving first line treatment with dual anti-HER2 antibody blockade is unknown. Preclinical evidences suggest that adipocytes adjacent to BC cells can influence response to anti-HER2 treatments. We retrospectively analyzed Computed Tomography (CT)-based BCp from 43 patients with HER2-positive metastatic BC who received first line pertuzumab/trastuzumab-based treatment between May 2009 and March 2020. The impact of baseline CT-based BCp on progression-free survival (PFS) was tested using Kaplan–Meier estimates and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. We found a significantly worse PFS for patients with high baseline subcutaneous fat index (median 7.9 vs 16.1 months, p = 0.047, HR = 2.04, 95%CI 1–4.17) and for those with high total abdominal fat index (8.1 vs 18.8 months, p = 0.030, HR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.06–4.46). Patients with baseline sarcopenia did not show shorter PFS compared to those without sarcopenia (10.4 vs 9.2 months, p = 0.960, HR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.47–2.03). Total abdominal fat index remained a significant predictor of PFS at multivariate analysis. Our findings suggest that a high quantity of total abdominal fat tissue is a poor prognostic factor in patients receiving trastuzumab/pertuzumab-based first-line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic BC.
Optimization of cerebrospinal fluid microbial DNA metagenomic sequencing diagnostics
Authors: Olausson Josefin , Brunet Sofia , Vracar Diana , Tian Yarong , Abrahamsson Sanna , Meghadri Sri Harsha , Sikora Per , Lind Karlberg Maria , Jakobsson Hedvig E. , Tang Ka-Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfection in the central nervous system is a severe condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite ample testing, the majority of encephalitis and meningitis cases remain undiagnosed. Metagenomic sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid has emerged as an unbiased approach to identify rare microbes and novel pathogens. However, several major hurdles remain, including establishment of individual limits of detection, removal of false positives and implementation of universal controls. Twenty-one cerebrospinal fluid samples, in which a known pathogen had been positively identified by available clinical techniques, were subjected to metagenomic DNA sequencing. Fourteen samples contained minute levels of Epstein-Barr virus. The detection threshold for each sample was calculated by using the total leukocyte content in the sample and environmental contaminants found in the bioinformatic classifiers. Virus sequences were detected in all ten samples, in which more than one read was expected according to the calculations. Conversely, no viral reads were detected in seven out of eight samples, in which less than one read was expected according to the calculations. False positive pathogens of computational or environmental origin were readily identified, by using a commonly available cell control. For bacteria, additional filters including a comparison between classifiers removed the remaining false positives and alleviated pathogen identification. Here we show a generalizable method for identification of pathogen species using DNA metagenomic sequencing. The choice of bioinformatic method mainly affected the efficiency of pathogen identification, but not the sensitivity of detection. Identification of pathogens requires multiple filtering steps including read distribution, sequence diversity and complementary verification of pathogen reads.
Oceanographic setting influences the prokaryotic community and metabolome in deep-sea sponges
Authors: Steffen Karin , Indraningrat Anak Agung Gede , Erngren Ida , Haglöf Jakob , Becking Leontine E. , Smidt Hauke , Yashayaev Igor , Kenchington Ellen , Pettersson Curt , Cárdenas Paco , Sipkema Detmer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarine sponges (phylum Porifera) are leading organisms for the discovery of bioactive compounds from nature. Their often rich and species-specific microbiota is hypothesised to be producing many of these compounds. Yet, environmental influences on the sponge-associated microbiota and bioactive compound production remain elusive. Here, we investigated the changes of microbiota and metabolomes in sponges along a depth range of 1232 m. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, we assessed prokaryotic and chemical diversities in three deep-sea sponge species:Geodia barretti,Stryphnus fortis, andWeberella bursa. Both prokaryotic communities and metabolome varied significantly with depth, which we hypothesized to be the effect of different water masses. Up to 35.5% of microbial ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) showed significant changes with depth while phylum-level composition of host microbiome remained unchanged. The metabolome varied with depth, with relative quantities of known bioactive compounds increasing or decreasing strongly. Other metabolites varying with depth were compatible solutes regulating osmolarity of the cells. Correlations between prokaryotic community and the bioactive compounds inG. barrettisuggested members of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, or an unclassified prokaryote as potential producers.