bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can strontium replace calcium in bioactive materials for dental applications?
Authors: Pelepenko Lauter Eston , Marciano Marina Angelica , Francati Tamires Melo , Bombarda Gabriela , Bessa Marconato Antunes Thiago , Sorrentino Francois , Martin Richard A. , Boanini Elisa , Cooper Paul Roy , Shelton Richard Michael , Camilleri Josette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe substitution of calcium with strontium in bioactive materials has been promising but there has been some concern over the material instability and possible toxicity. The aim of this research was the synthesis and characterization of calcium and strontium substituted bioactive materials and assessment of interactions with local tissues and peripheral elemental migration in an animal model. A bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite and hydraulic calcium silicate with 50% or 100% calcium substitution with strontium were developed and the set materials were characterized immediately after setting and after 30 and 180‐days in solution. Following subcutaneous implantation, the local (tissue histology, elemental migration) and systemic effects (elemental deposition after organ digestion) were assessed. The strontium‐replaced silicate cements resulted in the synthesis of partially substituted phases and strontium leaching at all‐time points. The strontium silicate implanted in the animal model could not be retrieved in over half of the specimens showing the high rate of material digestion. Tissue histology showed that all materials caused inflammation after 30 days of implantation however this subsided and angiogenesis occurred after 180 days. Strontium was not detected in the local tissues or the peripheral organs while all calcium containing materials caused calcium deposition in the kidneys. The tricalcium silicate caused elemental migration of calcium and silicon in the local tissues shown by the elemental mapping but no deposition of calcium was identified in the peripheral organs verified by the assessment of the digested tissues. Strontium can substitute calcium in bioactive materials without adverse local or systemic effects.
Risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated with carriage of BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McGarry Jennifer L. , Creavin Ben , Kelly Michael E. , Gallagher Tom K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGermline BRCA1/2 mutations lead to malfunction of DNA damage repair pathways and predispose to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study is to synthesise the available research on this topic. Four studies reporting risk ratio (RR) were included in the final meta‐analysis to minimise misrepresenting our results by combining separate risk estimates. Our meta‐analysis revealed a statistically significant increased risk of PDAC in BRCA carriers overall (RR: 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.43–4.91, p = 0.002).
Evaluation of substance P and bradykinin levels in nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis with and without sensitivity to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Matković Svjetlana , Barać Aleksandra , Vukadinović Tijana , Čvorović Ljiljana , Vojvodić Danilo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe role of neurogenic inflammation in pathogenesis of chronic rhinitis is well known. However, very little is known about its importance in pathogenesis of nasal polyposis (NP), especially in form of NP which appears as a part of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). The aim of this study was to examine the concentrations of neuropeptides substance P (SP) and bradykinin (BK) in nasal secretions of patients with NP.MethodsFourteen patients with NP as a part of AERD with mild persistent asthma, 14 patients with NP without aspirin sensitivity, and 14 control subjects without nasal inflammation (C) entered this cross‐sectional study. Clinical parameters (symptoms, endoscopic, and radiological findings) were assessed. The concentrations of SP and BK were measured in the nasal secretion samples using commercial human enzyme immunoassay kits.ResultsThe concentration of SP in nasal secretions was significantly higher in NP patients without aspirin sensitivity and AERD patients compared to controls (p = .022; p < .0001, respectively), but higher in AERD than in non‐AERD patients (p = .018). The level of BK in nasal fluid was higher in non‐AERD and AERD NP patients than in controls (p < .0001; p < .0001, respectively), but also higher in AERD than in non‐AERD patients (p < .0001). We found high positive correlations between BK in nasal fluid and Lund–Mackay computed tomography (CT) score in both non‐AERD and AERD groups of NP patients.ConclusionOur results suggest more intense release of SP and BK from the nasal mucosa in patients with AERD than in patients with NP who do not have aspirin sensitivity. The strong correlation between concentration of BK in nasal secretions and CT score suggests that BK in nasal fluid could be used as a marker for disease severity as measured by the Lund–Mackay score.
Bacillus subtilis produces (p)ppGpp in response to the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol to prevent its potential bactericidal effect
Authors: Yang Jin , Barra Jessica T. , Fung Danny K. , Wang Jue D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibiotics combat bacteria through their bacteriostatic (by growth inhibition) or bactericidal (by killing bacteria) action. Mechanistically, it has been proposed that bactericidal antibiotics trigger cellular damage, while bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress cellular metabolism. Here, we demonstrate how the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the antibiotic chloramphenicol can be attributed to an antibiotic‐induced bacterial protective response: the stringent response. Chloramphenicol targets the ribosome to inhibit the growth of the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Intriguingly, we found that chloramphenicol becomes bactericidal in B. subtilis mutants unable to produce (p)ppGpp. We observed a similar (p)ppGpp‐dependent bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol in the Gram‐positive pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. In B. subtilis, chloramphenicol treatment induces (p)ppGpp accumulation through the action of the (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA. (p)ppGpp subsequently depletes the intracellular concentration of GTP and antagonizes GTP action. This GTP regulation is critical for preventing chloramphenicol from killing B. subtilis, as bypassing (p)ppGpp‐dependent GTP regulation potentiates chloramphenicol killing, while reducing GTP synthesis increases survival. Finally, chloramphenicol treatment protects cells from the classical bactericidal antibiotic vancomycin, reminiscent of the clinical phenomenon of antibiotic antagonism. Taken together, our findings suggest a role of (p)ppGpp in the control of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antibiotics in Gram‐positive bacteria, which can be exploited to potentiate the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
A broadband bifocal conformal transmitarray antenna with wide scanning angles
Authors: Fan Yu Lu , Lin Xian Qi , Liu Shi Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransmitarray (TA) antenna has great research value based on its unique advantages of low profile, high gain, and flexible performance, especially in the field of spaceborne, airborne, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Unfortunately, traditional TA antennas are usually of flat structures, which lack conformal flexibility and installation simplicity in certain complex application scenarios. In this letter, a broadband bifocal conformal TA antenna is proposed based on a designed concave‐cylindrical‐shaped triple‐layer TA surface with phase modulation capability. The broadband bifocal conformal TA antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured by assembling the TA surface with a dual‐mode conical horn as a feed antenna. To better demonstrate the beam scanning stability of the bifocal TA antenna, a monofocal TA antenna is designed and simulated as a comparison. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed bifocal conformal TA antenna can achieve a high gain of 24.4 dBi at 30 GHz and a 3‐dB gain bandwidth of 13.3% (27.4–31.3 GHz) under normal incidence. Antenna peak gain fluctuation is less than 1 dB with a maximum beam scanning range of , which is much more stable than that of the monofocal TA antenna (3.6 dB). The proposed design can be a promising candidate in many military and civilian application scenarios.
Pflanzenölalternative: CO2‐neutral aus Hefen
Authors: Heuer Jonas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVier Hamburger Forscher erschließen als das Unternehmen Colipi eine nachhaltige Ölquelle basierend auf einem Fermentationsprozess. Wie auf diese Weise Schmierstoffe entstehen und welche Schwierigkeiten ein Start‐up in der Biotechnik erwarten.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Redoxsysteme und neue stabile Verbindungsklassen
Authors: Hansmann Max 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAduc‐Preisträger Max Hansmann erforscht neuartige organische Redoxsysteme und wie sie sich in Photokatalyse und Energiespeicherung anwenden lassen. Zudem interessieren ihn ungewöhnliche kohlenstoffbasierte Verbindungen wie polarisierte Olefine, Diazoalkene und Vinylidene.
Anti‐Bullying Laws and Suicidal Behaviors Among Teenagers
Authors: Rees Daniel I. , Sabia Joseph J. , Kumpas Gokhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe CDC reports that the association between bullying and suicides among teenagers has generated “concern, even panic,” but policies aimed at combatting bullying have received little attention from researchers. Using a difference‐in‐differences estimation strategy, we find that state‐level anti‐bullying laws (ABLs) reduce bullying victimization, depression, and suicidal ideation, with the largest estimated effects for female teenagers and teenagers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning. In addition, ABLs are associated with a 13 to 16 percent reduction in the suicide rate of female 14‐ through 18‐year‐olds. Event‐study analyses and falsification tests provide evidence that these estimates can be interpreted causally.
Buckling performance of co‐cured and stiffened composite structure with embedded multilayer damping membranes
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Zhang Junling , Guo Anfu , Liang Sen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research aims to explore the buckling performance of a co‐cured and stiffened composite structure with embedded multilayer damping membranes (CSCSEMDM) under static load. A buckling model of this structure is established theoretically by using the principle of minimum potential energy and first‐order shear deformation theory. Then, the governing equation of the structure is obtained. The critical buckling load of the structure is solved, and the finite element method is used to verify the correctness of the theoretical model and theoretical methods. Finally, the effects of various parameters on the critical buckling load are discussed on the basis of the validated model.
Surface modification of polyurethane nanocomposite films via nonsolvent‐induced phase separation accelerated by graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Mirzadeh Salman , Asefnejad Azadeh , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Jafari Seyed Hassan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) nanocomposite films were prepared through a solution casting technique slightly modified by individual and simultaneous additions of a proper nonsolvent (ethanol) and graphene nanoplatelets. To this end, different nonsolvent contents and graphene functionalizations (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) were used to modify the surface properties of PU to make it more biocompatible. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that both types of graphene had a hampering effect on crystallization of PU from solution, while nonsolvent enhanced the PU crystallinity. According to morphological results, hydrophobic graphene showed a low dispersion quality. In contrast, the hydrophilic graphene was better dispersed and mainly localized at the bulk of the film due to its association with polar urethane groups in the hard segments. Wettability analysis, performed by water and diiodomethane, was employed to demonstrate a higher surface localization of hard segments for the samples loaded with hydrophilic graphene. Cytotoxicity analysis also showed a greater extent of cell viability for the samples loaded with hydrophilic graphene, demonstrating a direct correlation between biocompatibility and polar hydrophilic groups enriching the surface. This study shows the great potential of graphene in improving the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation to achieve a more biocompatible material.
Preparation of LLM‐105‐Based Explosive Ink and Its Detonating Transfer Performance in Explosive Network
Authors: Cai Jialin , Luo Guan , Huang Hui , Liu Yousong , Di Xin , Gao Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new explosive ink based on 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) was designed and prepared. The explosive ink was deposited into micro‐size grooves by using direct ink writing (DIW) technology and its detonation properties in an explosive network were explored. The properties of impact sensitivity, detonation velocity and critical size of detonation were determined and analyzed. The results show that this explosive has a good impact safety. When the LLM‐105 content is 88 % and the density is 95 % TMD, the detonation velocity and critical size of detonation values are 7,771 m/s and 0.5×0.5 mm respectively. Moreover detonation velocity results indicated the explosive ink in micro‐size grooves loaded by DIW was uniform.
Radiation-Induced Morphea of the Breast—A Case Series
Authors: Finnegan Paula , Kiely Lisa , Gallagher Catriona , Mhaolcatha Sarah Ni , Feeley Linda , Fitzgibbon Jim , White Jessica , Bourke John , Murphy Lesley Ann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Radiation-induced morphea (RIM) is a rare but recognized late complication of radiotherapy. It was first described in 1905, not long after the initial discovery of X-rays by Roentgen. Characterized by the deposition of excess collagen in the dermis, it results in thickening of the skin. Its frequency is approximately 2 in 1000. We present a series of three cases involving patients receiving radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer, each of which subsequently developed RIM. Because of its rarity, RIM is often misdiagnosed as infection or metastatic disease. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, leading to poorer outcomes such as chronic pain issues. Early dermatological involvement and tissue sampling to examine histopathological features can avoid this, leading to better care and improved results. A variety of treatment options are available, ranging from topical to systemic, with early induction more likely to result in a positive response.
Using supervised machine learning for large‐scale classification in management research: The case for identifying artificial intelligence patents
Authors: Miric Milan , Jia Nan , Huang Kenneth G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryResearchers increasingly use unstructured text data to construct quantitative variables for analysis. This goal has traditionally been achieved using keyword‐based approaches, which require researchers to specify a dictionary of keywords mapped to the theoretical concepts of interest. However, recent machine learning (ML) tools for text classification and natural language processing can be used to construct quantitative variables and to classify unstructured text documents. In this paper, we demonstrate how to employ ML tools for this purpose and discuss one application for identifying artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in patents. We compare and contrast various ML methods with the keyword‐based approach, demonstrating the advantages of the ML approach. We also leverage the classification outcomes generated by ML models to demonstrate general patterns of AI technological innovation development.Managerial SummaryText‐based documents offer a wealth of information for researchers and business analysts. However, researchers often need to find a way to classify these documents to use in subsequent research projects. In this paper, we demonstrate how supervised ML methods can be used to automate the process of classifying textual documents into pre‐defined categories or groups. We provide an overview of when such techniques may be used in comparison to other methods, and the considerations and tradeoffs associated with each method. We apply these methods to identify AI‐based technologies from all patents in the United States, based on patent abstract text. This allows us to show interesting patterns of AI innovation development in the United States. We also provide the code and data used in this paper for future research.
Multifunctional Surface Construction for Long‐Term Cycling Stability of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Layered Oxide Cathode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Chenhui , Shao Qinong , Yao Zhihao , Gao Mingxi , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Gairong , Sun Qianwen , Sun Wenping , Liu Yongfeng , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLi‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides (LMLOs) are promising cathode material candidate for the next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) of high energy density. However, the fast capacity fading and voltage decay as well as low Coulombic efficiency caused by irreversible oxygen release and phase transition during the electrochemical process hinder their practical application. To solve these problems, in the present study, a multifunctional surface construction involving a coating layer, spinel‐layered heterostructure, and rich‐in oxygen vacancies is successfully conducted by a facile thermal reduction of the LMLO particles with potassium borohydride (KBH4) as the reducing agent. The multifunctional surface structure plays synergistic effects on suppressing the interface side reaction, reducing the dissolution of transition metal, increasing electron conductivity and lithium diffusion rate. As a result, electrochemical performances of the LMLO cathode are effectively enhanced. With optimization of the addition of KBH4, the electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 280 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, which maintains after 100 cycles. The capacity retention with respect to the initial capacity is as high as 98% at 1 C after 400 cycles. The present work provides insights into designing a highly effective functional surface structure of LMLO cathode materials for high‐performance LIBs.
Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Upgrade of n‐Valeraldehyde to Octane over Au SACs–NiMn2O4 Spinel Synergetic Composites
Authors: Qin Meichun , Fan Shiying , Li Xinyong , Niu Zhaodong , Bai Chunpeng , Chen Guohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, electrocatalytic upgrade of n‐valeraldehyde to octane with higher activity and selectivity is achieved over Au single‐atom catalysts (SACs)–NiMn2O4 spinel synergetic composites. Experiments combined with density functional theory calculation collaboratively demonstrate that Au single‐atoms occupy surface Ni2+ vacancies of NiMn2O4, which play a dominant role in n‐valeraldehyde selective oxidation. A detailed investigation reveals that the initial n‐valeraldehyde molecule preferentially adsorbs on the Mn tetrahedral site of NiMn2O4 spinel synergetic structures, and the subsequent n‐valeraldehyde molecule easily adsorbs on the Ni site. Specifically, Au single‐atom surficial derivation over spinel lowers the adsorption energy (Eads) of the initial n‐valeraldehyde molecule, which will facilitate its adsorption on the Mn site of Au SACs–NiMn2O4. Furthermore, the single‐atom Au surficial derivation not only alters the electronic structure of Au SACs–NiMn2O4 but also lower the Eads of subsequent n‐valeraldehyde molecule. Hence, the subsequent n‐valeraldehyde molecules prefer adsorption on Au sites rather than Ni sites, and the process of two alkyl radicals originating from Mn–C4H9 and Au–C4H9 dimerization into an octane is accordingly accelerated. This work will provide an avenue for the rational design of SACs and supply a vital mechanism for understanding the electrocatalytic upgrade of n‐valeraldehyde to octane.
Effect of Microwave Treatment on the Properties of Starch in Millet Kernels
Authors: Zhi Wenli , Zhou Yu , Wang Ruobing , Wang Meng , Wang Wei , Hu Aijun , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe microwave is widely applied to process cereals and grains. However, its effects on their chemical components are still not explored clearly. In this study, millet kernels are treated by microwave. The physical and chemical properties of starch in microwave‐treated millet kernels (SMM) are investigated and compared to those in untreated millet kernels (SUM). The experimental results indicate that the peak viscosity of SMM reduces with the increase of microwave time and initial moisture content of millet kernels (IMM). The peak viscosity of SUM is 831.00 BU. Compared with that of SUM, the peak viscosity of SMM decreases after microwave treatment (MT). When the IMM is 35%, the peak viscosity of SMM decreases by 66.23%. MT significantly increases (p < 0.05) the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) content of SMM, which reduces its resistant starch (RS) content. Under MT time of 150 s, the SDS of SMM is up to 35.92%. When the IMM is 35%, after MT, the RDS content of SMM reaches 52.10%. Additionally, the relative crystallinity and short‐range order of SMM are both decreased after MT. Therefore, the microwave is a useful tool for improving the properties of the starch in millet.
Family Resemblance in Variations of Contemporary Religiosity and Spirituality: Findings from a Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Nynäs Peter , Kontala Janne , Lassander Mika , Novis-Deutsch Nurit , Sjö Sofia , Stenner Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow can we make sense of religion and spirituality in a cross-cultural perspective? Is it at all possible to compare what we are used to calling ‘religion’ across different cultures? In this chapter we use findings from Faith Q-studies (FQS) in 12 different countries to investigate variance of religion and spirituality from an international perspective. Our results shed light on themes and variations and show the capacity of the FQS to systematically recognize recurring themes while also remaining sensitive to unique but significant nuances across samples. We further propose that the termfamily resemblancecatches well how to comprehend the complexity of variation and provides a conceptual contribution to the debate on universalism vs. particularism.
Searching for Uncommon Worldviews: ‘Idiosyncratic’ and ‘Divided’ Outlooks in a Global Sample of Young Adults
Authors: Kontala Janne , Lassander Mika , Novis-Deutsch Nurit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore uncommon worldviews, meaning that we take a closer look at outlier respondents in a larger international sample from 12 countries. These outliers are the ones whose personal outlooks did not match any of the major worldview types found in the national case studies. First, we identify shared patterns amongst these respondents. Second, we place these outlier outlook types on a broader worldview map. Juxtaposing the outlier outlooks with the results from other case studies allows us to identify idiosyncratic worldviews. Certain outlooks would not stand out in analyses of single case studies, but bringing them together in a cross-cultural comparison enables us to see patterns shared by individuals across different national contexts. This also reveals better such worldviews that incorporate those elements, which normally are distributed amongst opposing viewpoints. The emergence of these outlook types can support the development of a nuanced theory of religious subjectivities.