bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White-Coat Hypertension Without Organ Damage: Impact on Long-Term Mortality, New Hypertension, and New Organ Damage
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Facchetti Rita , Vanoli Jennifer , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Seravalle Gino , Grassi Guido 
Published: February 2022

Background:
According to some guidelines, white-coat hypertension (WCH) carries little or no increase of cardiovascular risk in the absence of organ damage (OD), but no data are available on this issue.

Methods:
Using the population data from PAMELA (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni), we evaluated cardiovascular and total mortality over a median follow-up of 29 years in WCH (elevated office and normal 24-hour or home blood pressure [BP]) and normotensive controls (normal in- and out-of-office blood pressure) with no echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and no reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with sustained hypertension (SH, in- and out-of-office blood pressure elevation) and normotensive, WCH, and SH with cardiac and renal OD served as controls.

Results:

In the 1423 subjects analyzed, there were 165 cardiovascular and 526 all-cause deaths. After adjustment for confounders, no-OD WCH exhibited a risk of fatal cardiovascular events lower than that of no-OD SH but greater than that of no-ODN (hazard ratio, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.1–3.6],
P
=0.02), this being the case also for all-cause mortality. Compared with no-OD normotensive, no-OD WCH also exhibited a greater 10-year adjusted risk to develop new SH or OD. Similar findings were obtained in normotensive, WCH, and SH with OD.

Conclusions:
The present study provides the first evidence that WCH with no OD is accompanied by a noticeable increase in long-term risk of mortality, new hypertension, and new OD, thereby differing from normotension.
Acclimation to a High‐Salt Diet Is Sex Dependent
Authors: Gohar Eman Y. , De Miguel Carmen , Obi Ijeoma E. , Daugherty Elizabeth M. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Becker Bryan K. , Jin Chunhua , Sedaka Randee , Johnston Jermaine G. , Liu Pengyuan , Speed Joshua S. , Mitchell Tanecia , Kriegel Alison J. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Pollock David M. 
Published: February 2022

Background

Premenopausal women are less likely to develop hypertension and salt‐related complications than are men, yet the impact of sex on mechanisms regulating Na
+
homeostasis during dietary salt challenges is poorly defined. Here, we determined whether female rats have a more efficient capacity to acclimate to increased dietary salt intake challenge.

Methods and Results

Age‐matched male and female Sprague Dawley rats maintained on a normal‐salt (NS) diet (0.49% NaCl) were challenged with a 5‐day high‐salt diet (4.0% NaCl). We assessed serum, urinary, skin, and muscle electrolytes; total body water; and kidney Na
+
transporters during the NS and high‐salt diet phases. During the 5‐day high‐salt challenge, natriuresis increased more rapidly in females, whereas serum Na
+
and body water concentration increased only in males. To determine if females are primed to handle changes in dietary salt, we asked the question whether the renal endothelin‐1 natriuretic system is more active in female rats, compared with males. During the NS diet, female rats had a higher urinary endothelin‐1 excretion rate than males. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of RNA sequencing data identified the enrichment of endothelin signaling pathway transcripts in the inner medulla of kidneys from NS‐fed female rats compared with male counterparts. Notably, in human subjects who consumed an Na
+
‐controlled diet (3314–3668 mg/day) for 3 days, women had a higher urinary endothelin‐1 excretion rate than men, consistent with our findings in NS‐fed rats.

Conclusions

These results suggest that female sex confers a greater ability to maintain Na
+
homeostasis during acclimation to dietary Na
+
challenges and indicate that the intrarenal endothelin‐1 natriuretic pathway is enhanced in women.
Sex Differences in Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft for Left Main Disease: From the DELTA Registries
Authors: Moroni Francesco , Beneduce Alessandro , Giustino Gennaro , Briede Ieva , Park Seung‐Jung , Daemen Joost , Claude Morice Marie , Nakamura Sunao , Meliga Emanuele , Cerrato Enrico , Makkar Raj R , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Lucarelli Carla , Capranzano Piera , Tchetche Didier , Templin Christian , Kirtane Ajay , Buzman Pawel , Alfieri Ottavio , Valgimigli Marco , Mehran Roxana , Colombo Antonio , Montorfano Matteo , Chieffo Alaide , Latib Azeem M , Onuba Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W , Mieghem Nicolas M , Jegere Sanda , Erglis Andrejs , Palacios Igor F , Margey Ronan , Agnihotri Arvind , Kim Young‐Hak , Chakravarty Tarun , Sheiban Imad , Marra Sebastiano , Pavani Marco , Naber Cristoph , Fajadet Jean , Lefevre Thierry , Mangiameli Andrea , Capodanno Davide , Tamburino Corrado , Leon Martin B , Moses Jeffrey W , Tanaka Akihito , Cartier Jacques , Sawaya Fadi J , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Stefanini Giulio G , Pisaniello Marco , Benedictis Mauro , Varbella Ferdinando , Sharma Samin K 
Published: February 2022

Background
Controversy exists over whether sex has significant interaction with revascularization strategy for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Higher mortality has been reported among women treated with percutaneous coronary intervention compared with coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results

The DELTA (Drug‐Eluting Stents for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) and DELTA‐2 registries are international, multicentric registries evaluating the outcomes of subjects undergoing coronary revascularization for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. The primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accidents. The population consisted of 6253 patients, including 1689 (27%) women. Women were older and more likely to have diabetes and chronic kidney disease than men (
P
<0.05). At a median follow‐up of 29 months (interquartile range 12–49), a significant interaction between sex and revascularization strategy was observed for the primary end point (p
int
=0.012) and all‐cause death (p
int
=0.037). Among women, compared with percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with lower risk of the primary end point (event rate 9.5% versus 15.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35–0.79,
P
<0.001) and all‐cause death (event rate 5.6% versus 11.7% AHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30–0.82) and no significant differences were observed in men.

Conclusions
In women undergoing coronary revascularization for unprotected left main coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with lower risk of death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accidents whereas no significant differences between coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention were observed in men. Further dedicated studies are needed to determine the optimal revascularization strategy in women with unprotected left main coronary artery disease.
The Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph enhanced: Author name disambiguation, publication classification, and embeddings
Authors: Färber Michael , Ao Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although several large knowledge graphs have been proposed in the scholarly field, such graphs are limited with respect to several data quality dimensions such as accuracy and coverage. In this article, we present methods for enhancing the Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph (MAKG), a recently published large-scale knowledge graph containing metadata about scientific publications and associated authors, venues, and affiliations. Based on a qualitative analysis of the MAKG, we address three aspects. First, we adopt and evaluate unsupervised approaches for large-scale author name disambiguation. Second, we develop and evaluate methods for tagging publications by their discipline and by keywords, facilitating enhanced search and recommendation of publications and associated entities. Third, we compute and evaluate embeddings for all 239 million publications, 243 million authors, 49,000 journals, and 16,000 conference entities in the MAKG based on several state-of-the-art embedding techniques. Finally, we provide statistics for the updated MAKG. Our final MAKG is publicly available at https://makg.org and can be used for the search or recommendation of scholarly entities, as well as enhanced scientific impact quantification.
Center–periphery structure in research communities
Authors: Wedell Eleanor , Park Minhyuk , Korobskiy Dmitriy , Warnow Tandy , Chacko George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Clustering and community detection in networks are of broad interest and have been the subject of extensive research that spans several fields. We are interested in the relatively narrow question of detecting communities of scientific publications that are linked by citations. These publication communities can be used to identify scientists with shared interests who form communities of researchers. Building on the well-known k-core algorithm, we have developed a modular pipeline to find publication communities with center–periphery structure. Using a quantitative and qualitative approach, we evaluate community finding results on a citation network consisting of over 14 million publications relevant to the field of extracellular vesicles. We compare our approach to communities discovered by the widely used Leiden algorithm for community finding.
Identity, Diaspora and Development
Authors: Aleksanyan Yeva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Armenian diaspora started about two millennia ago. Today’s Armenian diaspora, largely formed during and after World War I, plays a prominent role in the country’s international relations, attracting foreign direct investments, sending remittances and boosting domestic demand. It has been argued that Armenians living abroad invest in Armenia, cooperate with Armenia-based businesses or send remittances because of their ethnic identity and their altruism towards family and friends. This paper discusses how Armenia can harness its diaspora’s potential through the cultivation of identity, development of certain institutions, financial tools and digital platforms. It looks at the avenues of diaspora–homeland cooperation and the critical role that the diaspora can play in the homeland’s development.
Simulation and Scaling of the Turbulent Vertical Heat Transport and Deep-Cycle Turbulence across the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue
Authors: Whitt D. B. , Cherian D. A. , Holmes R. M. , Bachman S. D. , Lien R.-C. , Large W. G. , Moum J. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrostructure observations in the Pacific cold tongue reveal that turbulence often penetrates into the thermocline, producing hundreds of watts per square meter of downward heat transport during nighttime and early morning. However, virtually all observations of this deep-cycle turbulence (DCT) are from 0°, 140°W. Here, a hierarchy of ocean process simulations, including submesoscale-permitting regional models and turbulence-permitting large-eddy simulations (LES) embedded in a regional model, provide insight into mixing and DCT at and beyond 0°, 140°W. A regional hindcast quantifies the spatiotemporal variability of subsurface turbulent heat fluxes throughout the cold tongue from 1999 to 2016. Mean subsurface turbulent fluxes are strongest (∼100 W m−2) within 2° of the equator, slightly (∼10 W m−2) stronger in the northern than Southern Hemisphere throughout the cold tongue, and correlated with surface heat fluxes (r2= 0.7). The seasonal cycle of the subsurface heat flux, which does not covary with the surface heat flux, ranges from 150 W m−2near the equator to 30 and 10 W m−2at 4°N and 4°S, respectively. Aseasonal variability of the subsurface heat flux is logarithmically distributed, covaries spatially with the time-mean flux, and is highlighted in 34-day LES of boreal autumn at 0° and 3°N, 140°W. Intense DCT occurs frequently above the undercurrent at 0° and intermittently at 3°N. Daily mean heat fluxes scale with the bulk vertical shear and the wind stress, which together explain ∼90% of the daily variance across both LES. Observational validation of the scaling at 0°, 140°W is encouraging, but observations beyond 0°, 140°W are needed to facilitate refinement of mixing parameterization in ocean models.Significance StatementThis work is a fundamental contribution to a broad community effort to improve global long-range weather and climate forecast models used for seasonal to longer-term prediction. Much of the predictability on seasonal time scales is derived from the slow evolution of the upper eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean as it varies between El Niño and La Niña conditions. This study presents state-of-the-art high-resolution regional numerical simulations of ocean turbulence and mixing in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The results inform future planning for field work as well as future efforts to refine the representation of ocean mixing in global forecast models.
The value of assimilating different ground-based profiling networks on the forecasts of bore-generating nocturnal convection
Authors: Chipilski Hristo G. , Wang Xuguang , Parsons David B. , Johnson Aaron , Degelia Samuel K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of ground-based remote sensors for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), which is sparked by their potential to address the currently existing observation gap within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Nevertheless, open questions still exist regarding the relative importance of and synergy among various instrument types. To shed light on these important questions, the present study examines the forecast benefits associated with several different ground-based profiling networks using 10 diverse cases from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. Aggregated verification statistics reveal that a combination of in situ and remote sensing profilers leads to the largest increase in forecast skill, both in terms of the parent mesoscale convective system and the explicitly resolved bore. These statistics also indicate that it is often advantageous to collocate thermodynamic and kinematic remote sensors. By contrast, the impacts of networks consisting of single profilers appear to be flow-dependent, with thermodynamic (kinematic) remote sensors being most useful in cases with relatively low (high) convective predictability. Deficiencies in the data assimilation method as well as inherent complexities in the governing moisture dynamics are two factors shown to limit the forecast value extracted from such networks.
Examination of Diffusion Patterns of Tornado Warning Using an Agent-Based Model and Simulation
Authors: Liang Daan , Cong Zhen , Cao Guofeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Timely communication of warnings is essential to protection of lives and properties during tornado outbreaks. Both official and personal channels of communication prove to have considerable impact on the overall outcome. In this study, an agent-based model is developed to simulate warning’s reception–dissemination process in which a person is exposed to, receives, and sends information while interacting with others. The model is applied to an EF5 tornado (EF indicates enhanced Fujita scale) that struck Moore, Oklahoma, in 2013. The parameters are calibrated using publicly available data or a poststorm telephone survey or were derived from literature reviews, expert judgement, and sensitivity analysis. The result shows a reasonable agreement between modeled and observed reception rates for older and younger adults and for different channels, with errors of less than 20 percentage points. Similar agreement is also seen for the average numbers of warning sources. The subsequent simulation indicates that, in the absence of tornado sirens, the overall reception rates for younger and older adults would drop from the baseline by 17 and 6 percentage points, respectively. Concurrently, there is a large decline in the number of warning sources. When a persons’ social network is enlarged, the reception rate for older adults improves from 77% to 80%, whereas for younger adults it stays unchanged. The impact of increased connectivity is more pronounced when people are not watching television or a tornado siren is not available.

Significance Statement
Every year, tornadoes cause significant property damage and numerous casualties in the United States. This study aims to understand how tornado warnings reach the at-risk public through various communication channels. Using the agent-based model and simulation, we are able to reconstruct the dynamic patterns of warning’s reception–dissemination process for older and younger adults within a historical EF5 tornado. Further analysis confirms the importance of tornado sirens in not only alerting more residents about the dangerous weather condition but also prompting protective actions. In the meantime, an increase in social connectivity among residents would compensate for the lack of exposure to television and tornado siren. Future work should investigate the robustness of this model and its parameters when applied to other tornado outbreaks.
Distinct profiles of psychological and neuropsychological functions underlying goal-directed pursuit in schizophrenia
Authors: Gerritsen Cory J , Goldberg Joel O , Kiang Michael , Remington Gary , Foussias George , Eastwood John D 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Several components are known to underlie goal-directed pursuit, including executive, motivational and volitional functions. These were explored in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to identify subgroups with distinct profiles. Methods: Multiple executive, motivational and volitional tests were administered to a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses ( n = 59) and controls ( n = 63). Research questions included whether distinct profiles exist and whether some functions are impacted disproportionately. These questions were addressed via cluster analysis and profile analysis, respectively. Results: Some such functions were significantly altered in schizophrenia while others were unaffected. Two distinct profiles emerged, one characterized by energizing deficits, reduced reward sensitivity and few subjective complaints; while another was characterized by markedly increased punishment sensitivity, intact reward sensitivity and substantial subjective reporting of avolitional symptoms and boredom susceptibility. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering distinct patterns of strengths and deficits in functions governing goal-directed pursuit in schizophrenia that demarcate identifiable subtypes. These distinctions have implications for treatment, assessment and research.
Distancing From Accountability? Governments’ Use of Soft Law in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McLeod Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article analyses how governments across Australia and the world have employed ‘soft law’ in their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than simply directing the public to the text of voluminous, complex and everchanging public health orders, executive officials have utilised a variety of non-legal soft law instruments to inform the community of their rights and obligations. These instruments are beneficial — especially in a public health crisis — as they are comprehensible, adaptable and effective. However, their non-legal nature also presents significant accountability issues which challenge the Australian conception of the separation of powers. Soft law exists independent of any parliamentary authorisation or oversight. Subsequently, those affected by soft law lack almost any ability to challenge its use in court. To remedy such issues, this article recommends a greater role for administrative complaint mechanisms (such as Ombudsman recommendations and discretionary payment schemes) in combatting abuses of soft law. It further suggests that the limited adoption of two foreign doctrines — substantive legitimate expectations and epistemic deference — into Australian judicial review could aid in addressing this dilemma.
Infectious Complications Following Cochlear Implant: Risk Factors, Natural History, and Management Patterns
Authors: Moon Peter K. , Qian Z. Jason , Ahmad Iram N. , Stankovic Konstantina M. , Chang Kay W. , Cheng Alan G. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the natural history, detail the treatment patterns, and identify the risk factors for cochlear implant (CI) infections in a large US cohort.Study DesignRetrospective study based on insurance claims.SettingOptum Data Mart database: 6101 patients who received CIs from 2003 to 2019.MethodsInfections, treatments patterns, and timelines were described. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between postoperative oral antibiotics and CI infection.ResultsThe cohort includes 4736 (77.6%) adults and 1365 (22.4%) children. Between adult and pediatric patients, rates of CI infection (5.1% vs 4.5%, P =. 18) and explantation (1.2% vs 0.8%, P =. 11) were not significantly different. Infections typically occurred within 5 months of surgery. Children were diagnosed with CI infection earlier than adults (median difference, –1.5 months; P =. 001). Postoperative oral antibiotic supply was not associated with lower risk of CI infection in either children or adults. However, among adults, otitis media was associated with higher odds of CI infection (odds ratio, 1.41; P <. 001), while higher income was associated with lower odds of CI infection (odds ratio, 0.71; P =. 03).ConclusionsPostoperative oral antibiotics were not associated with lower risk of infection or interventions. Otitis media episodes and lower income were associated with increased risk of infection among adults as well as intervention overall. Infection typically presented within the first 6 months after surgery, with children presenting earlier than adults. Overall, our findings serve as a resource for providers to consider in their care of patients with CIs.
Race, Theology, and IR: Thinking with Black Liberation Theologian James H. Cone
Authors: Blamire Paul 
Published: February 2022

This article introduces the work of black liberation theologian James H. Cone into the mutual silence between the study of race and the study of Christian theology in IR. Despite the theological roots of the colonial-modern idea of race, these areas of study in IR have mostly been approached separately. Cone’s thought responds to the complicity of white supremacy and Christianity, whilst theorising a theology of black liberation. It is thus witness and testament to the redemptive potential of a theological frame, inviting us to think beyond secular reason. Cone’s thought raises important theological questions about universality, a central stake for IR discussions of Christian theology. This article identifies supersessionism, the idea that Christianity supersedes both Judaism, and any particularity (as a potentially universal salvific community), as a key notion in the enlightenment secularisation of theological thought, and the development of a racialised colonial modernity that modelled itself in part on Christianity’s longstanding anti-Semitism. This article opens an engagement with Cone’s work for discussions of both Christian theology and race in IR, pointing to the innermost doctrines of Christianity as a site of tension at which race thinking and Christianity are connected, and at which they might be de-linked. Race, théologie et relations internationales : penser avec le théologien de la libération des Noirs James H. Cone