bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial of Therapy on Trial: Inconsistent Thresholds for Discussing Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Meadow Jacqueline , Arzu Jennifer , Rychlik Karen , Henner Natalia 
Published: September 2022

Objective This study aimed to establish the degree of variability in thresholds for discussing withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (WLST) in periviable infants among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) personnel.
Study Design A vignette-style survey was administered to NICU personnel at two urban NICUs assessing likelihood of discussing WLST or support for discussing WLST (on a scale from 1, not at all likely/supportive to 10, extremely likely/supportive) in 10 clinical scenarios.
Results Response rates ranged by clinical role from 26 to 89%. Participant responses ranged from 1 to 10 in 5 out of 10 vignettes for NICU attendings, and 9 out of 10 vignettes for bedside nurses. Lower gestational age (22–23 vs. 24–25 weeks) was associated with increased likelihood to discuss WLST in some but not all scenarios.
Conclusion NICU personnel have widely variable criteria for discussing WLST which threatens the informed consent process surrounding resuscitation decisions in a “trial of therapy” framework.
Key Points
FATE: The Effect of Fetal Antenatal Testing Education on Patient Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Cai Fei , Hamm Rebecca F. , Schwartz Nadav 
Published: September 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a physician-created educational infographic on the knowledge and attitudes of patients undergoing antenatal fetal surveillance.
Study Design This single-center prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of implementing an electronic educational infographic about antenatal fetal surveillance. English-speaking women receiving antenatal surveillance between the ages of 18 to 50 years were approached for inclusion. The preimplementation group enrolled women receiving antenatal surveillance between March 8, 2021, and April 2, 2021, who received usual care. Postimplementation, from April 5 to May 6, 2021, patients at our site received the infographic about antenatal fetal surveillance at their first antenatal testing appointment. Both pre- and postimplementation groups received a 5-question multiple-choice knowledge and 12-question attitude survey between 320/7 to 336/7 weeks at baseline (prior to receipt of infographic in postimplementation group) and again between 350/7 to 366/7 weeks. Patients were included in the analysis only if they completed both surveys. Differences from initial to final survey were compared between groups.
Results Of 106 patients who completed the initial survey, 74 (69.8%) participants finished both surveys (preimplementation = 39 and postimplementation = 35). There were no significant differences in demographics between the two groups, including in baseline knowledge (p = 0.58) or attitude tests (p = 0.57). There was no significant difference in knowledge on final surveys between groups (p = 0.79). However, utilization of the infographic was associated with a significant increase in attitude survey score from initial to final survey in the postimplementation group as compared with usual care (median difference: pre = 0, interquartile rang [IQR]: [−1 to +4] vs. post = +3, IQR: [+1 to +6], p = 0.016).
Conclusion A physician-created infographic on antepartum fetal testing was associated with overall improved patient attitude toward fetal testing, showing that small education interventions can increase patient satisfaction with care.
Key Points
Automated Identification of Clinical Procedures in Free-Text Electronic Clinical Records with a Low-Code Named Entity Recognition Workflow
Authors: Macri Carmelo , Teoh Ian , Bacchi Stephen , Sun Michelle , Selva Dinesh , Casson Robert , Chan WengOnn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Clinical procedures are often performed in outpatient clinics without prior scheduling at the administrative level, and documentation of the procedure often occurs solely in free-text clinical electronic notes. Natural language processing (NLP), particularly named entity recognition (NER), may provide a solution to extracting procedure data from free-text electronic notes.
Methods Free-text notes from outpatient ophthalmology visits were collected from the electronic clinical records at a single institution over 3 months. The Prodigy low-code annotation tool was used to create an annotation dataset and train a custom NER model for clinical procedures. Clinical procedures were extracted from the entire set of clinical notes.
Results There were a total of 5,098 clinic notes extracted for the study period; 1,923 clinic notes were used to build the NER model, which included a total of 231 manual annotations. The NER model achieved an F-score of 0.767, a precision of 0.810, and a recall of 0.729. The most common procedures performed included intravitreal injections of therapeutic substances, removal of corneal foreign bodies, and epithelial debridement of corneal ulcers.
Conclusion The use of a low-code annotation software tool allows the rapid creation of a custom annotation dataset to train a NER model to identify clinical procedures stored in free-text electronic clinical notes. This enables clinicians to rapidly gather previously unidentified procedural data for quality improvement and auditing purposes. Low-code annotation tools may reduce time and coding barriers to clinician participation in NLP research.
Electron scattering with ethane adsorbed on rare gas multilayers: Hole transfer, coulomb decay, and ion dissociation
Authors: Kundu Sramana , Hu Hang , Li Xiaosong , Schaible Micah , Orlando Thomas M. 
Published: September 2022

Positive ion desorption following electron impact dissociative ionization of ethane adsorbed on Ar, Kr, and Xe multilayers has been studied as a function of incident electron energy from threshold to 100 eV. Based on the dependence of ion yields on the identity of the rare gas, it is likely that the majority of ethane molecules undergo indirect ionization following hole transfer from the ionized underlying rare gas. This has also been corroborated by density of states calculations showing the energetic alignment of the outer valence states of ethane and the condensed rare gas ionization energies. Due to the near-resonant nature of charge transfer for single-hole states, the ethane molecular ion is excited to different final ionic states on different rare gases, which leads to differences in ion desorption yields and branching ratios. The quantitative yields increase with increasing ionization energy gap between the rare gas and ethane, in the order Ar &gt; Kr &gt; Xe. The large increase in yields from 25 eV onwards for all rare gases is likely due to the formation and decay of two-hole states on neighboring rare gas and ethane molecules due to interatomic and intermolecular Coulomb decay (ICD) and not electron transfer mediated decay (ETMD). The ICD and ETMD pathways become accessible when the incoming electron has sufficient energy to excite the inner valence ns level of the rare gas to a Rydberg state or ionize it. The experimental findings are supported by calculations of thresholds, density of states for the final configurations of these processes, and coupling strengths for hole transfer between ethane and rare gases. The fragment ion branching ratios vary with energy from threshold to about 35 eV, showing the fragmentation pattern changes with the mode of hole transfer and availability of excess energy. Sigma C–C bonds are more likely to break than C–H bonds in the mid-20 eV range, and this effect is most pronounced for Xe, followed by Kr, and then Ar.
Vibrational energy levels and predissociation lifetimes of the A2Σ+ state of SH/SD radicals by photodissociation spectroscopy
Authors: Qin Yuan , Zheng Xianfeng , Song Yu , Sun Ge , Zhang Jingsong 
Published: September 2022

Photo-predissociation of SH and SD radicals in the A2Σ+ state is investigated using the high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight technique. By measuring the photoproduct translational energy distributions as a function of excitation wavelength, contributions from overlapping A2Σ+ (v′) ← X2Π (v″) transitions can be separated, and the H/D + S(3PJ) photofragment yield (PFY) spectra are obtained across various rovibrational levels (SH v′ = 0–7 and SD v′ = 0–8) of the A2Σ+ ← X2Π bands. The upper A2Σ+ state vibrational levels v′ = 5–7 of SH and v′ = 3–8 of SD are determined for the first time. The PFY spectra are analyzed with the simulation program PGOPHER [C. M. Western, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 186, 221 (2016)], which gives vibrational origins and linewidths of the rovibrational levels of the A2Σ+ state. The linewidths (≥1.5 cm−1) of the SH A2Σ+ v′ = 3–7 and SD A2Σ+ v′ = 2–8 states are characterized for the first time in this work, demonstrating that these levels undergo rapid predissociation with lifetimes on the order of picosecond. The lifetimes of the SD A2Σ+ v′ = 0, N′ = 1 and 2 levels are determined to be 247 ± 50 ns and 176 ± 60 ns by pump–probe delay measurements, respectively. The experimentally measured lifetimes are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions.
UV photodissociation action spectra of protonated formylpyridines
Authors: McKinnon Benjamin I. , Marlton Samuel J. P. , Dezalay Jordan , Soorkia Satchin , Blanksby Stephen J. , Trevitt Adam J. 
Published: September 2022

The first ππ* transition for protonated 2-, 3-, and 4-formylpyridine (FPH+) (m/z 108) is investigated by mass spectrometry coupled with photodissociation action spectroscopy at room temperature and 10 K. The photoproduct ions are detected over 35 000–43 000 cm−1, and the major product channel for 3-FPH+ and 4-FPH+ is the loss of CO forming protonated pyridine at m/z 80. For 2-FPH+, the CO loss product is present but a more abundant photoproduct arises from the loss of CH2O to form m/z 78. Plausible potential energy pathways that lead to dissociation are mapped out and comparisons are made to products arising from collision-induced dissociation. Although, in all cases, the elimination of CO is the overwhelming thermodynamically preferred pathway, the protonated 2-FPH+ results suggest that the CH2O product is kinetically driven and competitive with CO loss. In addition, for each isomer, radical photoproduct ions are detected at lower abundances. SCS-CC2/aug-cc-pVTZ Franck–Condon simulations assist with the assignment of vibrionic structure and adiabatic energies (0–0) for 2-FPH+ at 36 560 cm−1, 37 430 cm−1 for 3-FPH+, and 36 140 cm−1 for 4-FPH+, yielding an accurate prediction, on average, within 620 cm−1.
Green diatom mutants reveal an intricate biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin
Authors: Bai Yu , Cao Tianjun , Dautermann Oliver , Buschbeck Paul , Cantrell Michael B. , Chen Yinjuan , Lein Christopher D. , Shi Xiaohuo , Ware Maxwell A. , Yang Fenghua , Zhang Huan , Zhang Lihan , Peers Graham , Li Xiaobo , Lohr Martin 
Published: September 2022

Fucoxanthin is a major light-harvesting pigment in ecologically important algae such as diatoms, haptophytes, and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Therefore, it is a major driver of global primary productivity. Species of these algal groups are brown colored because the high amounts of fucoxanthin bound to the proteins of their photosynthetic machineries enable efficient absorption of green light. While the structure of these fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins has recently been resolved, the biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin is still unknown. Here, we identified two enzymes central to this pathway by generating corresponding knockout mutants of the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
that are green due to the lack of fucoxanthin. Complementation of the mutants with the native genes or orthologs from haptophytes restored fucoxanthin biosynthesis. We propose a complete biosynthetic path to fucoxanthin in diatoms and haptophytes based on the carotenoid intermediates identified in the mutants and in vitro biochemical assays. It is substantially more complex than anticipated and reveals diadinoxanthin metabolism as the central regulatory hub connecting the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle and the formation of fucoxanthin. Moreover, our data show that the pathway evolved by repeated duplication and neofunctionalization of genes for the xanthophyll cycle enzymes violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase. Brown algae lack diadinoxanthin and the genes described here and instead use an alternative pathway predicted to involve fewer enzymes. Our work represents a major step forward in elucidating the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and understanding the evolution, biogenesis, and regulation of the photosynthetic machinery in algae.
Uridylation and the SKI complex orchestrate the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis through RNA surveillance of
TKL1
in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Kong Wenwen , Wang Yuan , Wang Jinhui , Zhong Luyao , Lao Kangwen , Dong Xianxin , Zhang Dingyu , Huang He , Mo Beixin , Yu Yu , Ren Guodong 
Published: September 2022

RNA uridylation, catalyzed by terminal uridylyl transferases (TUTases), represents a conserved and widespread posttranscriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes that affects RNA metabolism. In plants, several TUTases, including HEN1 SUPPRESSOR 1 (HESO1) and UTP: RNA URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE (URT1), have been characterized through genetic and biochemical approaches. However, little is known about their physiological significance during plant development. Here, we show that HESO1 and URT1 act cooperatively with the cytoplasmic 3′–5′ exoribonucleolytic machinery component SUPERKILLER 2 (SKI2) to regulate photosynthesis through RNA surveillance of the Calvin cycle gene
TRANSKETOLASE 1
(
TKL1
) in
Arabidopsis
. Simultaneous dysfunction of
HESO1
,
URT1
, and
SKI2
resulted in leaf etiolation and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, we detected massive illegitimate short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from the
TKL1
locus in
heso1 urt1 ski2
, accompanied by reduced
TKL1/2
expression and attenuated TKL activities. Consequently, the metabolic analysis revealed that the abundance of many Calvin cycle intermediates is dramatically disturbed in
heso1 urt1 ski2
. Importantly, all these molecular and physiological defects were largely rescued by the loss-of-function mutation in
RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6
(
RDR6
), demonstrating illegitimate siRNA-mediated
TKL
silencing. Taken together, our results suggest that HESO1- and URT1-mediated RNA uridylation connects to the cytoplasmic RNA degradation pathway for RNA surveillance, which is crucial for
TKL
expression and photosynthesis in
Arabidopsis
.
A scalable framework for the discovery of functional helicase substrates and helicase-driven regulatory switches
Authors: Delaleau Mildred , Eveno Eric , Simon Isabelle , Schwartz Annie , Boudvillain Marc 
Published: September 2022

Helicases are ubiquitous motor enzymes that remodel nucleic acids (NA) and NA–protein complexes in key cellular processes. To explore the functional repertoire and specificity landscape of helicases, we devised a screening scheme—Helicase-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment)—that enzymatically probes substrate and cofactor requirements at global scale. Using the transcription termination Rho helicase of
Escherichia coli
as a prototype for Helicase-SELEX, we generated a genome-wide map of Rho utilization (
Rut
) sites. The map reveals many features, including promoter- and intrinsic terminator-associated
Rut
sites, bidirectional
Rut
tandems, and cofactor-dependent
Rut
sites with inverted G > C skewed compositions. We also implemented an H-SELEX variant where we used a model ligand, serotonin, to evolve synthetic
Rut
sites operating in vitro and in vivo in a ligand-dependent manner. Altogether, our data illustrate the power and flexibility of Helicase-SELEX to seek constitutive or conditional helicase substrates in natural or synthetic NA libraries for fundamental or synthetic biology discovery.
A consistent approach to the path integral formalism of quantum mechanics based on the maximum length uncertainty
Authors: Pramanik Souvik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have developed a proper path integral formalism consistent with the deformed version of the quantum mechanics that contains a maximum observable length scale at the order of the cosmological particle horizon, existing in cosmology. We have started by modifying the classical mechanics which shows non-minimal effects on the equation of motion of a particle. Next, we have provided representation of the deformed quantum mechanical algebra. With this algebra in hand, we have calculated the general form of the path integral propagator in this deformed background. Thereafter, as a most simple case, we have built up the explicit form of the free particle propagator. The modifications to the free particle propagator show some non-trivial effects in this case. Our formalism can be applied to analyze the quantum properties and observations emerging in the context of cosmology.
Tetragonal distortion modified magnetism and anomalous Hall effect of Mn2CoAl Heusler alloys through Ar ion irradiation
Authors: Chen Peng , Yan Zhongjie , Liu Xu , Cao Dianliang , Gao Daqiang , Gao Cunxu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tetragonal Heusler alloys have attracted increasing interest due to their great scientific and technological applications in spintronics. However, the crystal structures of most Heusler alloys are cubic. One feasible method to obtain tetragonal Heusler alloy is to manipulate the out-of-plane (OOP) distortion of cubic Heusler alloys. In this work, we report the ion irradiation-induced tetragonal distortion in Mn2CoAl Heusler films. The OOP lattice constant continuously increases from 5.84 to 6.09 Å, while the in-plane lattice constant remains nearly unchanged. Magnetic measurements show that saturation magnetization at 50 K decreases from 258 emu cc−1 to 167 emu cc−1 under Ar ion irradiation. Transport measurements show that the longitudinal resistivity decreases with increasing irradiation doses, and the anomalous Hall resistivity changes from negative to positive. Moreover, it is found that hump-like anomalies can be observed in the Hall resistivity loops at the irradiation dose of 1

×

10

14

and 1

×

10

15

cm−2, which are attributed to the irradiation-induced inhomogeneous magnetism in the surface and interface parts. This work demonstrates the considerable tunability of the structure, magnetism and transport properties of Mn2CoAl Heusler alloys by Ar ion irradiation.
Metal–insulator–metal micro-capacitors for integrated energy storage up to 105 Hz
Authors: Hourdakis E , Botzakaki M A , Xanthopoulos N J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) micro-capacitors for use in integrated energy storage applications are presented. A new, simple and batch Si processing compatible method for the creation of high aspect ratio metallic 3D structures on the surface of a Si substrate is described. The method consists of creating an array of Si nanopillars and then depositing Al at a small angle off the vertical while rotating the sample. Using this method, the effective area of the samples is increased by a factor of 3.8. Various capacitors are created using the described 3D structures as the lower electrode, with anodic alumina and atomic layer deposited HfO2 as the dielectric. Al and Cu top electrodes are also investigated. Large values of capacitance densities as high as 3.2 μF cm−2 are achieved. All capacitors are demonstrated to possess small values of series resistances and stable operation up to a frequency of 105 Hz. These results make the presented MIM capacitors exceed the state-of-the-art while maintaining a simple and integrable fabrication scheme which renders them very interesting for energy storage applications where operational frequencies larger than 1 kHz are required, as is the case in several vibrational energy harvesters.
Label-free ex vivo pathological studying on breast cancer tissue by using nonlinear multiphoton and micro-Raman spectral imaging
Authors: Xu Siyuan , Chen Xiwen , Ning Tian , Huang Xingxin , Chen Jianxin , Zhang Baoping , Chen Yishen , Wang Shuang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Raman spectral and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) were utilized in this study to understand the compositional and structural characteristics of the breast tumor microenvironment. Combining these techniques allowed us to address the pathological features of ex vivo healthy and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast tissue sections from different perspectives. MPM-based two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation offer significant advantages for large-area structural tissue imaging. Raman spectral imaging identified the compositional information from a spectroscopic perspective and visualized the specific distribution patterns of biomedical components using a multivariate imaging method (K-mean cluster analysis, KCA). The MPM results revealed the loss of collagen bundles, malignant cell invasion, basement membrane damage, and blood vessel growth in IDC. Additionally, variations in tryptophan, nucleic acid, carotenoid, protein, and lipid content were found in different tissues. The reconstructed Raman images illustrate the morphological alterations of these contents and the edge contours of the cancerous tissue. The acquired multimodal optical results, which extracted complementary information of a sample based on different contrast mechanisms, provided new label-free pathological interpretations of the tumor microenvironment and offered the experimental foundations for developing multimode optical modalities as an immediate intraoperative diagnosis method.
Honeycomb lattice iridate on the verge of Mott-collapse
Authors: Haraguchi Yuya , Katori Hiroko Aruga 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new honeycomb lattice iridate (La,Na)IrO3 (≈LaNaIr2O6) is successfully synthesized from the spin–orbit coupled Mott insulator Na2IrO3 by replacing the interlayer Na+ ions with La3+ ions. (La,Na)IrO3 shows a finite Sommerfeld term in heat capacity and a −lnT dependence of resistivity, indicating a realization of a metallic state driven by a Mott collapse. Furthermore, crystal structure analysis reveals the formation of Ir zig-zag chains with metal–metal bonding, increasing kinetic energy resulting in the Mott collapse. This observation would be due to a Mott collapse induced in a J
eff = 1/2 spin–orbit coupling Mott insulator with an Ir honeycomb lattice by topochemical control of the ionic configuration.