bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of observable nonlinearities in solar cycle modulation
Authors: Talafha M. , Nagy M. , Lemerle A. , Petrovay K. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Two candidate mechanisms have recently been considered with regard to the nonlinear modulation of solar cycle amplitudes. Tilt quenching (TQ) comprises the negative feedback between the cycle amplitude and the mean tilt angle of bipolar active regions relative to the azimuthal direction. Latitude quenching (LQ) consists of a positive correlation between the cycle amplitude and average emergence latitude of active regions.
Aims. Here, we explore the relative importance and the determining factors behind the LQ and TQ effects.
Methods. We systematically probed the degree of nonlinearity induced by TQ and LQ, as well as a combination of both using a grid based on surface flux transport (SFT) models. The roles played by TQ and LQ are also explored in the successful 2×2D dynamo model, which has been optimized to reproduce the statistical behaviour of real solar cycles.
Results. The relative importance of LQ versus TQ is found to correlate with the ratio u0/η in the SFT model grid, where u0 is the meridional flow amplitude and η is the diffusivity. An analytical interpretation of this result is given, further demonstrating that the main underlying parameter is the dynamo effectivity range, λR, which is, in turn, determined by the ratio of equatorial flow divergence to diffusivity. The relative importance of LQ versus TQ is shown to scale as $ C_1+C_2/\lambda_R^2 $. The presence of a latitude quenching effect is seen in the 2×2D dynamo, contributing to the nonlinear modulation by an amount that is comparable to TQ. For other dynamo and SFT models considered in the literature, the contribution of LQ to the modulation covers a broad range – from entirely insignificant to serving as a dominant source of feedback. On the other hand, the contribution of a TQ effect (with the usually assumed amplitude) is never shown to be negligible.
Seltene Ursache eines Lungentumors – Fallbericht einer pulmonalen Infektion mit Hafnia alvei
Authors: Briegel Ignaz , Trautnitz Michael , Behr Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungBei Verdacht auf maligne Erkrankung ist die rasche Abklärung tumorverdächtiger pulmonaler Raumforderungen geboten. Im vorgestellten Fall gelang mehrmals kein Nachweis von Malignität. Erst die testgerechte antibiotische Behandlung eines inital als Verunreinigung gewerteten Darmkeimes brachte den Therapieerfolg mit Totalremission. Hierbei war die Behandlung mit dem Breitspektrumpenicillin Piperacillin/Tazobactam ineffektiv und erst die Gyrasehemmer Ciprofloxacin bzw. Levofloxacin brachten den Therapieerfolg.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic Diketones to β,γ-Unsaturated α-Keto Esters Catalyzed by Squaramide Organocatalyst
Authors: Ma Zhi-Wei , Wang Chuan-Chuan , Lv Quan-Jian , Chen Xiao-Pei , Li Ai-Qin , Tao Jing-Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new tertiary amine-squaramide organocatalyst has been developed and applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic diketones to β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters. The catalyst system performed well with a low catalyst loading of 1 mol% under mild reaction conditions. A series of synthetically and pharmaceutically useful chiral bicyclic compounds were obtained in high yields (up to 97%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). Furthermore, this catalytic system can be used efficiently in large-scale reactions with the yields and enantioselectivities being maintained.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of N,N-Dimethyl Arylpyranopyrimidinedione Derivatives
Authors: Velmathi Sivan , Prabhakaran Srinivasan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of N,N-dimethyl arylpyranopyrimidinedione derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethamine (NMSM) and 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst, is reported. The reaction mechanism involves a Knoevenagel condensation, followed by Michael addition and intramolecular O-cyclization reaction sequence. The synthesized compounds were docked with human kinesin Eg5 protein to calculate binding energy, inhibition constant and H-bond interaction. All the compounds show good binding affinity towards the protein, with significant docking score.
Comparison of Collagen and Human Amniotic Membrane Nerve Wraps and Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Repair in Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Wolfe Erin M. , Mathis Sydney A. , Ovadia Steven A. , Panthaki Zubin J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Collagen and human amniotic membrane (hAM) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biomaterials that can be used as nerve wraps or conduits for repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Both biomaterials have been shown to reduce scarring and fibrosis of injured peripheral nerves. However, comparative advantages and disadvantages have not been definitively shown in the literature. The purpose of this systematic review is to comprehensively evaluate the literature regarding the roles of hAM and collagen nerve wraps and conduits on peripheral nerve regeneration in preclinical models.
Methods The MEDLINE database was queried using the PubMed search engine on July 7, 2019, with the following search strategy: (“amniotic membrane” OR “amnion”) OR (“collagen conduit” OR “nerve wrap”)] AND “nerve.” All resulting articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Nerve type, lesion type/injury model, repair type, treatment, and outcomes were assessed.
Results Two hundred and fifty-eight articles were identified, and 44 studies remained after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventeen studies utilized hAM, whereas 27 studies utilized collagen wraps or conduits. Twenty-three (85%) of the collagen studies utilized conduits, and four (15%) utilized wraps. Six (35%) of the hAM studies utilized conduits and 11 (65%) utilized wraps. Two (9%) collagen studies involving a conduit and one (25%) involving a wrap demonstrated at least one significant improvement in outcomes compared with a control. While none of the hAM conduit studies showed significant improvements, eight (73%) of the studies investigating hAM wraps showed at least one significant improvement in outcomes.
Conclusion The majority of studies reported positive outcomes, indicating that collagen and hAM nerve wraps and conduits both have the potential to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. However, relatively few studies reported significant findings, except for studies evaluating hAM wraps. Preclinical models may help guide clinical practice regarding applications of these biomaterials in peripheral nerve repair.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Efficacy of Unipedicular Vertebroplasty as Compared to Bipedicular Vertebroplasty
Authors: Dwivedi Mahendra Kumar , Bhende Vikrant , Panchbhaiyye Dnyaneshwar Narayanrao , Bayaskar Madhura Vijay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Percutaneous vertebroplasty has been used for treatment of intractable painful fractures of vertebral bodies. With the help of refined procedures and standard techniques, the interventional radiologist can now offer help to orthopedics and neurosurgeons in these cases, which include treatment of vertebral compression fracture. Vertebroplasty is aimed at reducing the pain induced by collapse. Vertebroplasty is the standard mode of treatment for vertebral collapse, and in our study, bipedicular vertebroplasty was compared with unipedicular approach as bipedicular vertebroplasty is the routinely used approach.
Aim To compare efficacy of unipedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty with that of bipedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty.
Material and Methods A total of 52 vertebroplasties were done over a period of 2 years. Out of 52 patients, 28 patients underwent unipedicular vertebroplasty and 24 patients underwent bipedicular vertebroplasty. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were used to assess the pain prior to vertebroplasty and after vertebroplasty. Efficacy of the two procedures were assessed by comparing VAS scores.
Results There was no statistically significant difference observed in the preprocedure and postprocedure VAS scores (p-value < 0.0001, < 0.0001, respectively). The mean procedure time was lesser in unipedicular vertebroplasty (41.9 ± 3.90) than bipedicular vertebroplasty (54.5 ± 3.4).
Conclusion Unipedicular vertebroplasty is as effective as bipedicular vertebroplasty, as there is insignificant difference in postprocedure VAS scores between the unipedicular and bipedicular vertebroplasty.
Nasosinusal Endoscopic Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: Simoncello Lívia Miotta , Antonio Gabriel Farias , Pereira Barbara Casalecchi , Portela Júnior Estevan Martin , Silva Marcelo Nery 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present article focuses on the analysis of the nasal cavity's anatomy succinctly and descriptively. This essay was carried out through a bibliographic review, directed to the detailed anatomy of the nasal cavity, and the structures that form its sinuses. We have identified the need for more studies directed to the related anatomical area so that the improved knowledge of this region ensures a nasoendoscopic treatment with better effectiveness and no complications.
Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: 15 Years of Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Keilin Charles A. , VanKoevering Kyle K. , McHugh Jonathan B. , McKean Erin L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNECs) are among the rarest paranasal sinus cancers. Consensus guidelines for therapy are difficult to develop due to limited data regarding the natural history and successful treatment of these tumors. This study presents 15 years of experience treating SNEC at a single institution and a review of the literature.
Design Retrospective review.
Setting Academic medical center in the United States.
Participants Patients diagnosed with primary SNEC.
Main Outcome Measures Overall survival.
Results Thirteen patients were identified and included. Overall estimated survival was 74.6% at 5 years. Ten of 13 (76.9%) patients were diagnosed with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and three (23.1%) with intermediate or low grade. All three patients with low- or intermediate-grade cancer survived more than 10 years from their initial diagnosis (median survival: 11.6 years) and are currently alive. The four patients who died had high-grade carcinoma, and estimated overall 5-year survival for all patients with high-grade carcinomas was 65.6%. Five patients, all with high-grade carcinoma, of seven who completed primary chemoradiation therapy (CRT) required salvage resection, and 60% are alive without disease.
Conclusion This cohort has a higher overall rate of survival than many recent case series and reviews. There is consensus that multimodal therapy is preferred over monotherapy, but approaches to treatment vary widely. Our approach of surgical resection as primary therapy for low-grade tumors and primary CRT for high-grade SNEC has been successful, and could indicate hope for improved survival among these patients.
Evolution in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma Management
Authors: Richa Tony , Lee Alice , Cohen Marc A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Surgical resection with clear margins, when possible, remains the treatment of choice. Radiation therapy is generally used in the adjuvant setting with improved rates of local control following complete resection. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents do not improve the rates of locoregional control or survival. Immunotherapy has been used with some responders but with overall relatively poor outcomes. These outcomes highlight the need for new agents and more prospective trials in this space. We provide a unique case report of a patient with an advanced sinonasal mucosal melanoma and an overview of the recent literature pertaining to the management of this disease.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Dutch Cohort of Very Preterm Infants: Prevalence, Mortality, and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Imren Ceren , Vlug Lotte E. , de Koning Barbara A. E. , Diertens Tessa , Snel Heleen E. , Suurland Jill , Swarte Renate M. C. , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Keyzer-Dekker Claudia M. G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction To improve counseling of parents and to guide care strategies, we studied the disease course and outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) up to 2 years of corrected age (CA) from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in preterm infants (birth weight < 1,500 g, gestational age < 32 weeks), diagnosed with NEC (Bell's stage ≥ II) from 2008 through 2020. Data on prevalence, mortality, surgery, intestinal failure (IF), growth, and neurodevelopment at 2-year follow-up were separately analyzed for medically and surgically treated children.
Results Of 3,456 preterm infants, 200 (6%) were diagnosed with NEC, of whom 135 developed an indication for surgery within 7 days after the diagnosis; 28/135 died before surgery, and 37/107 died after an open-and-close procedure. An enterostomy was constructed in 62 patients and an end-to-end anastomosis in 15. The postoperative course was described for 77 patients, of whom 23 developed surgical complications (12/23 incisional hernias, 9/23 anastomotic strictures), 13/77 a short bowel, and 25/77 IF. Sixty-day survival after birth for medical NEC patients was 88% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.698; p = 0.318), and for surgically treated NEC patients was 40% (HR: 3.729; p < 0.001). At 2-year follow-up, one patient received parenteral nutrition. Severe delay in weight for age, motor, and cognitive development was seen in 3, 6, and 2%, respectively.
Conclusion In this cohort, the mortality rate was high, especially in surgically treated NEC patients. The surgical complication rate is comparable to previous studies, but in surviving patients, persisting IF and severe delay in growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years CA were relatively rare.
Cylindrical metal liner implosion at extremes of pressure and material velocity on an intense pulsed power facility-FP-2
Authors: Sun Qizhi , Jia Yuesong , Zhang Zhengwei , Qin Weidong , Zhang Nanchuan , Zhou Rongguo , Liu Wei , Chi Yuan , Tian Qing , Wei Bing , Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Zhengfen 
Published: January 2022

Highly precise and controllable liner implosions driven by a pulsed power facility have extensive applications in exploration of advanced hydrodynamics at the extremes of pressure and material velocity. In this paper, we describe a new pulsed power facility developed in China named FP-2 (a series of facilities for Fluid Physics investigations—the second generation) for liner implosions. Benefiting from the reliable and stable operation of 48 rail gap switches, the FP-2 facility can steadily transmit a current of 10.5 MA to a dummy load of 10 nH in the case of a charging voltage of ±40 kV. The first quarter cycle is 5.5 µs, and the percentage shot-to-shot deviation of the current history is less than 1%. When the aluminum liners of 60 mm in height and 0.6 mm in thickness are adopted, the maximum velocity of 4.5 and 7.5 km/s has been achieved with the liner diameter of 90 and 60 mm, respectively, at the diameter of 10 mm. Experimental results show that the percentage shot-to-shot deviation of the liner velocity history is less than 1%. As impact on the target, the maximum of the impact time deviation measured from four perpendicular fiber pins is less than 20 ns. Due to the modular design of FP-2, it is convenient for a future upgrade. The confirmation of high-quality implosion on FP-2, such as high repeatability, high reliability, and high symmetry, makes it a bright prospect to explore the advanced hydrodynamic problems at extremes of pressure and material velocity in the future.
Terahertz microscope with oblique subwavelength illumination: design principle
Authors: Minin O.V. , Minin I.V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is shown that the image contrast in the air when using a microscope based on dielectric microparticles with a size of the order of wavelength can be significantly enhanced with the help microparticles that provide the formation of the radiation localisation region at an angle to the direction of radiation incidence (at an angle to the optical axis). For this purpose, a screen is placed in front of the particle, which blocks part of the incident beam, forming a photonic hook or a photonic jet (terajet) with oblique illumination in the near field.
Age-related changes in the viscoelasticity of rabbit lens characterised by surface wave dispersion analysis
Authors: Zhang H. , Singh M. , Zvietcovich F. , Larin K. , Aglyamov S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of the young and mature rabbit lensesin situare evaluated using wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE). Surface waves in the crystalline lens are generated using acoustic radiation force (ARF) focused inside the eyeball. Surface-wave dispersion is measured with a phase-stabilised optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The Young’s modulus and shear viscosity coefficient are quantified based on a Scholte wave model. The results show that both elasticity and viscosity are significantly different between the young and mature lenses. The Young’s modulus of the lenses increased with age from 7.74 ± 1.56 kPa (young) to 15.15 ± 4.52 kPa (mature), and the shear viscosity coefficient increased from 0.55 ± 0.04 Pa s (young) and 0.86 ± 0.13 Pa s (mature). It is shown that the combination of ARF excitation, OCE imaging, and dispersion analysis enables nondestructive quantification of lenticular viscoelasticityin situand shows promise forin vivoapplications.
Theranostics of skin neoplasms based on luminescence diagnostics in combination with photodynamic therapy in the absorption band of porphyrin
Authors: Shilov I.P. , Gorshkova A.S. , Ivanov A.V. , Rumyantseva V.D. , Danielyan G.L. , Kashin V.V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report the results of developing a technique for theranostics of skin neoplasms based on luminescence diagnostics in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the absorption band of porphyrin. It is shown that the therapeutic effect is achieved exclusively due to PDT, without the participation of the hyperthermia process, which occurs at temperatures above 42°C. The Fluroscan gel [based on the dipotassium salt of the ytterbium complex of 2,4-di-(α-methoxyethyl)deuteroporphyrin IX (Yb-DMDP)] is used as a preparation for theranostics. The main photophysical properties and possible mechanisms of accumulation of nanosized low-toxic photosensitisers based on this compound are studied. It is shown that the Yb-DMDP compound in a DMSO solution (30 % aqueous DMSO) enhances photophysical characteristics (luminescence lifetime 5 – 10 μs, luminescence quantum yield up to 1 %, extinction coefficient ∼1.96 × 105 M−1 cm−1 at a wavelength of 398 nm). Experimental animals are used to test the proposed technique for theranostics of tumours using the Fluroscan gel and a fibre-optic laser fluorimeter.
Heterologous vaccination interventions to reduce pandemic morbidity and mortality: Modeling the US winter 2020 COVID-19 wave
Authors: Hupert Nathaniel , Marín-Hernández Daniela , Gao Bo , Águas Ricardo , Nixon Douglas F. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Control of the COVID-19 pandemic has been impeded by the slow global uptake of targeted vaccines, emergence of more transmissible variants, and resistance to continuation of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Commonly used vaccines can have nonspecific immune effects, and several have been shown to have beneficial heterologous effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is no science-based guidance on effective implementation of such heterologous vaccine interventions (HVIs) to counter the current or future pandemics. We modeled the effect of different HVI strategies on the winter 2020 COVID-19 wave in the United States, finding that targeting both elderly and nonelderly populations and intervening during pandemic growth phases (i.e., effective reproduction number > 1) led to the greatest reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Ship traffic connects Antarctica’s fragile coasts to worldwide ecosystems
Authors: McCarthy Arlie H. , Peck Lloyd S. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Ship movements related to fishing, tourism, research, and supply expose the Antarctic continent to human impacts. Until now, only rough estimates or industry-specific information have been available to inform evidence-based policy to mitigate the introduction of nonnative marine species. Antarctica’s Southern Ocean supports a unique biota and represents the only global marine region without any known biological invasions. However, climate change is removing physiological barriers to potential invasive nonnative species and increasing ship activities are raising propagule pressure. The successful conservation of iconic Antarctic species and environments relies on addressing both climate change and direct, localized human impact. We have identified high-risk areas for introduced species and provide essential data that will underpin better evidence-based management in the region.
Multivalency enables unidirectional switch-like competition between intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Berlow Rebecca B. , Dyson H. Jane , Wright Peter E. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Intrinsically disordered proteins must frequently compete for binding to shared interaction hubs to perform their cellular functions. Here, we describe the mechanism by which two disordered proteins that regulate the transcriptional response to hypoxia compete for binding to the folded TAZ1 domain of the transcriptional coactivators CBP and p300. CITED2, a negative feedback regulator of HIF-1α, displaces HIF-1α from TAZ1 in a unidirectional, switch-like manner. Efficient competition for binding of the TAZ1 domain is highly dependent on the flexibility and multivalency of the HIF-1α and CITED2 activation domains. Differences in the strength of coupling of the CITED2 and HIF-1α binding motifs are key determinants of unidirectionality and underscore the role of multivalency in regulation of cellular processes by disordered proteins.
Dengue virus infection modifies mosquito blood-feeding behavior to increase transmission to the host
Authors: Wei Xiang Benjamin Wong , Saron Wilfried A. A. , Stewart James C. , Hain Arthur , Walvekar Varsha , Missé Dorothée , Thomas Fréderic , Kini R. Manjunatha , Roche Benjamin , Claridge-Chang Adam , St. John Ashley L. , Pompon Julien 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceBecause dengue viruses are spread by mosquitoes during biting, transmission capacity depends on mosquito-biting behavior. For this reason, it is critical to understand how infection in mosquitoes influences biting. To answer this question, we deployed a multidisciplinary approach including high-resolution, multivariate biting behavior monitoring on mice, in vivo transmission assay, and mathematical modeling. We demonstrated that infected mosquitoes are more attracted to mice and bite more often to get the same amount of blood as uninfected mosquitoes. While the effect of increased attraction to host on transmission capacity is trivial, we showed that increased number of bites results in successive transmission. Eventually, we calculated that the infection-induced behavior changes tripled transmission capacity of mosquitoes.