bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extract of Codiaeum luzonicum Merr. overcomes multidrug resistance in human colon cancer cells by modulating P-glycoprotein
Authors: Ferrer Regina Joyce , Ong Marc Justin , Jacinto Sonia D. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To investigate anti-multidrug resistance (MDR) activity and safety of the bioactive fraction (CL11) from Codiaeum luzonicum crude leaf extract.

Methods:
Cytotoxic activity of CL11 against MDR and non- resistant colon cancer cells was assessed using MTT assay. Mode of cell death was investigated by annexin V-propidium iodide staining, TUNEL, and JC-1 assays. To examine mechanism of action, the effect on the expression and function of the MDR-implicated protein P-glycoprotein was tested using Western blotting and calcein assay, respectively.

Results:
CL11 had an EC50 of 0.18, 1.03 and 38.52 μg/mL against HCT-15, HCT-15/Dox and HCT116, respectively. Cytotoxicity was mediated by inhibition of P-glycoprotein function and expression. The mode of cell death involved mitochondrial membrane depolarization and was mostly non-apoptotic at EC50 concentrations against HCT-15 and HCT-15/Dox.

Conclusions:
Fraction CL11 of Codiaeum luzonicum induces non- apoptotic cell death in MDR cancer cells by overcoming MDR through inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression and function.
Significance of Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability in Differentiating Malignant and Benign Effusions
Authors: Deshmukh Abhay Vilas , Yadav Akshay Sudhir , Shivkumar Vitaladevuni Balasubramanyam 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Chromosomal instability (CI) is critical for carcinogenesis. The morphological markers of CI include multipolar mitosis (MPM), chromatin bridge (CB), micronuclei (MN), and nuclear bud (NB). These represent an underlying genetic instability and can be studied in routine cytological specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of morphological markers of CI in differentiating malignant and benign effusion smears.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective observational pilot study, 25 cases of benign and 25 cases of malignant effusion smears were selected. All of the malignant cases were reconfirmed by histopathology for primary sites. One thousand cells in May–Grunwald–Giemsa-stained smears were counted for MPM, CB, MN, and NB. The significance of these markers of CI was compared between the benign and malignant cases.

Results:
The mean numbers of MPM, CB, MN, and NB in malignant cases were 10.52, 7.72, 1.36, and 0.40 per 1000 cells counted, compared to 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, and 0 per 1000 cells counted in benign cases, respectively. The Student's t-test showed highly significant differences between the benign and malignant effusion smears for the CI markers, with P < 0.000001, < 0.000001, and <0.00001 for MN, NB, and MPM, respectively.

Conclusion:
There were significant differences in the scores of morphological markers of CI in cytological smears between malignant and benign effusions. This is a convenient and reliable method to differentiate between malignant and benign effusions and can be used in conjunction with cytomorphology if a larger study is able to establish the significance in effusions.
Parental knowledge and awareness about measures taken by the dentist and attitude of parents toward bringing their children to dental hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thimmegowda Umapathy , Pai K. Soumya , Krishnamurthy Navin Hadadi , Chikkanarasaiah Nagarathna 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In the early 2020, the world witnessed an enormous spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2). It is common for parents to be frightened and their attitudes toward dental visits to change, given COVID-19's high contagion and fast spread.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the parents' knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 and measures taken by the dentist and to evaluate their attitudes/fears about bringing their children for dental visits during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A structured questionnaire was developed in English and local language Kannada, which was applied to a sample of 400 parents of children aged between 4 and 12 years, of different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Results:
Regarding the knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic among parents, 94% were aware about the present situation. 66% of parents perceived the dental hospital to be more dangerous when compared to public places. Regarding the attitude of parents in bringing their children to the dental clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic, 87.5% of the parents were comfortable in bringing their child to the hospital on following the COVID safety protocol.

Conclusion:
Majority of the parents remained well aware of the current situation about the pandemic. Patients were unlikely to take their children to the dentist except for an emergency and perceived the dental clinic as a risky place for contracting the virus. However, on providing reassuring information about infection control measures taken at the dental hospital, they were more comfortable in bringing their child to the dental hospital.
Effects of preprocedural mouth rinse on microbial load in aerosols produced during the ultrasonic scaling
Authors: Das Swarga Jyoti , Kharbuli Darimeka , Alam Syed Tanwir 
Published: September 2022

Background:
During ultrasonic scaling, the harbored microorganisms in the oral cavity get aerosolized, which have important impacts on air quality and can cause a serious health threat to the clinician, patients, and the surroundings. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate whether preprocedural mouth rinse has any effect on bacterial load in aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and randomly grouped into four comprising twenty in each. The groups were based on the use of preprocedural mouth rinse: no rinse group (control) (A), and test groups with preprocedural mouth rinse with water (B), 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (C), and herbal mouthwash (D). The aerosol produced during ultrasonic scaling was collected on blood agar plates positioned at the chest area of patients, operators, and assistants. Aerosol collected in the operatory before the procedure was considered as baseline. Colonies on the blood agar plates were counted after incubating at 37°C for 24 h. Pairwise comparisons involving positions and mouth rinses on microbial colonies were conducted using independent sample t-test and Tukey's test for post hoc analysis considering 0.05 as the significance level.

Results:
Microbial colonies were significantly reduced with chlorhexidine gluconate compared to that of others (P < 0.001), followed by herbal mouthwash and water. Again, microbial colonies were highest at the chest area of the operator and lowest at the chest area of the assistant.

Conclusions:
0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate is superior in reducing the microbial load in aerosols produced during ultrasonic scaling.
Local delivery of hyaluronic acid as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers
Authors: Vajawat Mayuri , Rao Deepika Pawar Chandrashekara , Kumar G. S. Vijay , Rajeshwari Kempireddygaripalli Gangulappa , Hareesha Manohar Sharma 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to assess the effects of adjunctive use of hyaluronic acid (HA), clinically and microbiologically in smokers and nonsmokers, in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Material and Methods:
48 sites from 24 chronic periodontitis patients, including smokers and nonsmokers with probing depth >5 mm, were selected for the study. A split-mouth design was followed. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed for all the patients. The test sites received 0.8% HA gel whereas the control site received placebo gel. The clinical parameters plaque, gingival and bleeding indices, Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, 1 and 3 months. Microbiological parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1 month.

Results:
The results showed reduction in PPD and gain in CAL in both smokers and nonsmokers at the end of 3rd month. The improvements in the test sites were statistically significant when compared with that of control sites. The microbiological analysis showed a significant reduction in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis at the test sites when compared to the controls in both the groups.

Conclusion:
The findings in both groups suggest that the use of locally delivered 0.8% HA gel may be valuable as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Comparative assessment of periodontal status and genotoxicity in orthodontic patients on fixed mechanotherapy with and without adjunct chlorhexidine mouthrinse
Authors: Akhtar Farheen , Khan Saif , Tariq Mohammad , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Adjunct chlorhexidine mouthrinse is used routinely in orthodontic clinical practice for plaque control. However, chlorhexidine has genotoxic effects on the oral cells. Moreover, orthodontic appliance leach Ni, Cr metals ions into saliva causing toxicity of surrounding mucosa. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the periodontal status and genotoxicity in orthodontic patients on fixed mechanotherapy with and without adjunct chlorhexidine using micronucleus (MN) test.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized control clinical trial was conducted in 30 patients who were on fixed mechanotherapy. The patients were randomly assigned into two treatment groups; Group-A (Control Group): Included 15 patients who are on fixed orthodontic therapy with mechanical plaque control measures only., Group-B (Experimental Group:) included 15 patients on fixed orthodontic therapy with mechanical plaque control and adjunct chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.2%) for 2 weeks. Periodontal status and genotoxicity using MN test were done at following time points; T0: Just before start of the orthodontic treatment., T1: 2 weeks after start of the orthodontic treatment., T2: 6 weeks after start of the orthodontic treatment., T3: 12 weeks after start of the orthodontic treatment.

Results:
Plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were significantly decreased in Group B as compared to Group A in the time intervals; T0-T2, T0-T3, T1-T3 (P < 0.05). Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment level (CAL) showed no significant change in both the groups. The genotoxicity assessed by MN test was significantly increased in Group B than Group A at time intervals; T0-T1, T0-T2 and T0-T3.

Conclusion:
Adjunct chlorhexidine resulted in decreased PI and BOP scores but nonsignificant change in PPD and CAL. However, the genotoxicity increased significantly in both the groups but more with adjunct chlorhexidine.
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of plasma cell gingivitis- A retrospective study
Authors: Gupta Vandana , Kaur Harpreet , Yadav Vikender Singh , Kala Sunny , Mishra Deepika 
Published: September 2022

Background:
This study aims to describe the demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of the cases of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) reported in our institute, supported by a review of pertinent literature. Further, we investigated the role of the cluster of differentiation CD138, Ki67, CD56, and CD117 immunoexpression in the differential diagnosis of PCG from plasma cell dyscrasias.

Materials and Methods:
All histopathologically confirmed cases of PCG, whose relevant details could be obtained, were included in this study. They were subjected to panel of immunohistochemical markers to exclude plasma cell malignancies. Further, published English literature for PCG since 1970–2020 was reviewed.

Results:
Nine histopathologically confirmed cases of PCG, were retrieved from the archives of our department. The cases comprised 3 males and 6 females with their ages ranging between 14 and 82 years. The plasma cells exhibited equivocal reactivity for kappa and lambda; and immunonegativity for CD56, CD117 with low Ki67 proliferation index. Published literature in English showed 43 cases of PCG were predominantly female; the diffuse involvement of maxilla and mandible was a common finding.

Conclusion:
In addition to kappa lambda reactivity, an immunoprofile of CD138, Ki67, CD56, and CD117 may be used as a diagnostic adjunct to exclude malignant plasma cell lesions in confusing cases.
Biological reactions of dental pulp stem cells cultured in presence of new xenograft bone substitutes from different sources
Authors: Lafzi Ardeshir , Saravi Najmeh Sadat Valed , Amid Reza , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Shojaei Narges 
Published: September 2022

Aims:
This study aimed to compare the biological reactions of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on new xenograft bone substitutes derived from camel and bovine bones.

Materials and Methods:
DPSCs were cultured and placed on different xenograft materials including Bone Plus (bovine), Camel Bone, and demineralized bovine bone matrix. The viability and proliferation of cells were evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay after 24, 48, and 72 h. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test and Alizarin red staining were performed at 7 and 21 days to assess the osteoblastic differentiation of cells. Osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression was evaluated qualitatively at 3-, 7- and 14-days using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Semi-quantitative PCR was also performed using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test.

Results:
The cell proliferation rate was significantly different among the three xenograft bone substitutes at 24-, 48- and 72 h (P < 0.05). The ALP activity of DPSCs in all three xenograft bone substitute groups was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining showed no significant difference in the formation of calcified nodules among the groups. Qualitative and semi-quantitative PCR displayed that the expression of OCN gene in the Camel Bone and Bone Plus groups was higher than that in the demineralized bovine bone matrix group.

Conclusions:
The Camel Bone xenograft caused a high proliferation rate and optimal osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs qualitatively and semi-quantitatively in vitro. Further studies are required on this xenograft bone substitute.
Early Outcomes of Ultra-congruent Insert in Cruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jaura Sandeep Singh , Tiwari Punit , Kaur Harmeet , Bansal Nitish 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The exponents of cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) assert that the retention of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) preserves more normal knee kinematics, femoral rollback on the tibia during flexion, greater stabilization of the prosthesis, and improved position sense as compared to PCL resection TKA. However, one has to shift to the posterior stabilized (PS) femoral component with box and accompanying cam postpolyethylene, especially in cases where PCL is too attenuated to be functional or too tight predisposing to accelerated polyethylene wear. To minimize both the cam mechanism polyethylene wear and the bone sacrifice due to the intercondylar box cut, the ultra-congruent (UC) inserts have been developed that are characterized by a high anterior wall and a deep-dished plate, promising good stability without cam mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
We did a prospective study to clinically evaluate the short-term results of the patients who underwent TKA using cemented posterior CR implants and UC inserts. PCL was required to be released either partially or completely in all the study patients. Thirty patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 12 months with the new Knee Society Knee Scoring System (2011) and the findings were statistically analyzed.

Results:
There was a statistically significant postoperative improvement in flexion (from mean of 87.69° to 111.53°, P = 0.000), objective knee indicators (33.53 ± 8.51–70.84 ± 4.91, P = 0.000), patient satisfaction scores (7.48 ± 2.12–21.53 ± 4.26, P = 0.000), and the functional activities score (32.53 ± 5.12–69.02 ± 6.36, P = 0.000). We did not note any disadvantage of CR TKA with UC insert and no patient underwent an early revision for instability.

Conclusion:
Using UC insert in CR TKA is a reliable procedure that has decreased the dependence on the PS designs.
Functional Assessment of Surgically Managed Ankle Fractures
Authors: Kiran Kumar K. K. , Lalithmohan C. , Pradeep K. Sai , Chandrashekhar P. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Civilization has made man more prone to injuries. Ankle fractures are one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study is to assess the functional outcome in surgically managed ankle fractures.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients were included in this study with ankle fractures that were surgically treated at NIMS Hospital, Hyderabad.

Observations:
The study had a male preponderance of 66.6%, with road traffic accidents being the major cause of injury. Supination-external rotation was the most common mechanism of injury and Weber's type B fractures were the most common type of fracture. The associated fractures and injuries noted and the comorbidities seen in these patients have been enumerated. Open reduction and internal fixation under image intensifier control was done in all patients. Postoperatively, patients were immobilized with a plaster splint for a period of 3–6 weeks and were followed up with full weight-bearing walking and active range of movement of ankle exercises. The final outcome as per the Weber's radiological criteria was 66.6% good, 26.6% fair, and 6.8% poor result which showed a good correlation between the immediate postoperative radiological score and the final radiological outcome. The factors that affected the final poor outcome were late presentation, patients with fracture subluxation, post massaging, the presence of long-standing and uncontrolled diabetes, and old age.

Conclusion:
The present study suggests that anatomical reduction of the ankle fracture and restoration of the joint congruity at the earliest will give a good functional outcome. The postoperative immobilization in a plaster slab up to 3–6 weeks (depending on associated injuries, fracture severity, bone quality, quality of fixation, and patient compliance) does not affect the final outcome with respect to achieving the ankle and subtalar range of movements as most of the patients had achieved full range of motion at the end of 12 weeks.
Nonunion of Clavicle Treated with Precontoured Locking Compression Plate Fixation and Bone Grafting
Authors: Shah Nissar Ahmad , Dar Nisar Ahmad , Rashid Badoo Abdul 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Plate fixation with bone grafting is the treatment of choice for nonunion of the clavicle and the use of precontoured locking compression plate (LCP) has been proposed to have an advantage of minimal hardware prominence and low rate of implant removal surgery.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective analysis was performed to assess the long-term efficacy of precontoured LCP and bone grafting in nonunion of the clavicle. Fifteen patients who had undergone the surgery were assessed retrospectively in terms of clinical and radiological outcome for 4.1 years (range 2–7 years). The outcome was assessed using clinical and functional assessment by QuickDASH scoring and visual analog scale (VAS) system, radiological assessment in terms of union, time of return to previous activities, and any adverse results during the surgery or in the postoperative follow-up.

Results:
The radiological consolidation was achieved in all patients in a mean period of 18 weeks (range14–20 weeks). All patients returned to their previous activity level in a mean period of 5.9 months (range 2.5–9 months). There was a statistically significant improvement in QuickDASH and VAS scores (P < 0.05); however, one patient had symptomatic hardware prominence.

Conclusion:
The use of precontoured LCP in nonunion clavicle is a well-tolerated surgery giving promising results with most patients returning to previous activity level with the advantage of minimal hardware prominence and low rate of implant removal surgery.
Functional Outcome of Distal End Radius Fractures Managed with Variable-Angle Locking Plates
Authors: Kumarasamy Manikandan , Kumar K. Naveen , Akashdeep A. A. , Uma Anand K. P. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Management of distal end radius intraarticular fractures is difficult to manage and these fractures account for 10% of all fractures. Multiple treatment options ranging from conservative to internal fixation, of which volar plate fixation has emerged as an effective method of internal fixation in comparison with other fixed-angle locking plates as they ensure proper restoration of the articular surfaces and anatomical alignment.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based prospective study was conducted on 14 patients with distal end radius fractures admitted in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with distal end radius fractures treated with variable-angle locking plate were included and were followed-up minimum of 6 months. The results were analyzed based on radiological parameters and Mayo Wrist Score (MWS).

Results:
Of 14 patients, 11 were male patients and three were female patients. Seven patients had right-sided fracture whereas remaining seven patients had left-sided fractures. All 14 patients were treated with variable-angle locking plate. Among 14 patients, 12 patients achieved union by 12 weeks, only two patients achieved union by 24 weeks. Ten patients had excellent results while four patients had a good outcome based on MWS. All patients in our study had painless union without any complications.

Conclusion:
The use of variable-angle locking plates in distal end radius fractures helps to maintain perfect anatomical reduction, early mobilization, and better postoperative outcome.
A comparative evaluation of oral clonidine and oral gabapentin as a premedication on postoperative analgesia duration in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia
Authors: Das Rituparna , Paul Kallol , Halder Pankaj Kumar , Choudhury Arpita , Roy Sourav , Debbarma Ambika 
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives:
Premedication with oral clonidine or gabapentin reduces the perioperative pain and decreases the requirement of analgesics. Our study aims at comparing the efficacy of oral clonidine and oral gabapentin for postoperative analgesia duration in surgeries done under spinal anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, double-blinded study was conducted in randomly selected 100 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for any surgery (excluding cesarean section). Group C received 100 μg oral clonidine and Group G received 600 mg oral gabapentin, 1 h before spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, and Spo2 were recorded at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min interval. Visual analog scale (VAS) was documented for pain assessment at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h from the time of onset of spinal anesthesia. The number of rescue analgesic doses required in 24 h postoperatively was noted. The data regarding the patient's demography, changes in the hemodynamics, VAS score, and requirement of rescue analgesia were analyzed.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the hemodynamic changes with either group. The mean VAS score in the first postoperative hour was significantly higher for Group C than Group G (P < 0.0001). The mean requirement of rescue analgesic doses per patient was 3.00 ± 0.35 and 1.84 ± 0.58 in Groups C and G, respectively (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Oral gabapentin is more effective than oral clonidine as a premedication in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II.