bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal problems and expressed practices of body mechanics among nursing officers at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: SAINI Subhash Kumar , PANDEY Vandna , KUMAR Ashok , ELHENCE Abhay 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify musculoskeletal problems (MSPs) among nursing officers.

Materials and Methods:
A nonexperimental research design was used. Two hundred and seventy nursing officers were selected by purposive sampling technique. The standardized Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the MSPs and self-structured three-point rating scale was used to assess expressed practice of body mechanics of nursing officers.

Results:
The study findings revealed that 64.4% of nursing officers suffered from MSP such as ache, pain, and discomfort during the past 12 months and 43.7% during the past 7 days. The problem in the low back and the neck were highest 45.1% and 22.2%, respectively. This was followed by MSP of the upper back (14.0%), ankles (13.7%), knees (10.7%), shoulder (10.3%), hip/thighs (5.9%), wrists (4.4%), and elbows (3.3%). Around 49.2% complained that MSPs limit their work. There was significant association of MSP with selected personal variables like body mass index (P = 0.001) and family history (P = 0.02). There were also significant association of expressed practices of body mechanics with gender (P = 0.01), area of current work (P = 0.00), professional experience (P = 0.03) and physical activity (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:
The study indicates the large number of nursing officers had MSPs with the two most common sites being the lower back and the neck. This creates a need for prompt hospital education programs aimed to create awareness among nursing officers on the prevalence of MSPs.
Operations of school health program assessment at selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: OSIAN Eunice Amaechi , IGBINOBA Osagumwenro , OLORUNFEMI Olaolorunpo , AGBONKPOLOR Monday Ugiagbe 
Published: March 2022

Background:
School health program (SHP) is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen. In spite of this, the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard. Therefore, this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area (LGA), Benin City, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA. A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviation.

Results:
This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness, the actualization of its objective was found to be poor, and this was found to be related with the lack of government support, lack of needed personnel and materials, lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.

Conclusion:
In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP. The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services, and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.
Covishield™ (ChAdOx1) Vaccine Effectiveness and Epidemiological Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection among Frontline Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic, New Delhi
Authors: Maramraj Kiran Kumar , Ray Sougat , Roy Kaushik , Gopinath Ajit , Naidu Sudeep , Chawla Naveen 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Frontline workers were the first cohorts vaccinated with Covishield™ (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine with dose-interval of 4–6 weeks. We evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of Covishield and studied epidemiological risk factors associated with COVID-19 during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
We conducted a 1:3 case-control community-based study, as per WHO protocol. We identified case-patients from COVID-19 surveillance system and recruited controls from the same community as per the WHO protocol. Information was obtained through questionnaire; and all potential confounders were identified to evaluate VE.

Results:
We enrolled 243 case-patients and 712 controls. Adjusted VE of fully vaccinated was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–86%) against infection and 91% (95% CI: 78%–97%) against moderately severe disease. Pre-infection high-risk exposure events such as ccontact with COVID-19-positive patient, visit to a crowded place, and attending social-gathering in confined space were significantly associated with contracting infection, with odds ratios 10.1 (95% CI: 5.6–18.3), 6.0 (95% CI: 1.8–20.2) and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.4–10.5) respectively. The use of double-mask and past COVID-19 infection was 60% and 70% protective, respectively.

Conclusion:
Covishield vaccine is highly effective against infection and mainly against disease-severity during high-transmission settings. We recommend three-layer shield to minimize breakthrough and re-infections comprising of vaccination, double-masking, and avoiding “pre-infection high-risk exposure events.”
Choosing the Optimum Method of Treatment for Extra-Articular Distal Radius Colles' Type Fractures in Adult
Authors: Majhi Soumendra Kumar , Gupta Ashis Kumar , Das Sabyasachi , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Nanda Debi Prasad , Hansdah Laxman 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Distal radius fractures are often encountered in orthopedic outpatient department, mostly managed with a below-elbow cast though malunion is the commonest known complication. Many researches had already been conducted comparing cast with various surgical methods; however, conclusive results yet to be ascertained. While choosing the treatment, we retrospectively analyzed the results of different methods to reach a conclusion.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 92 patients with unilateral extra-articular or partially articular distal radius fracture were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 2 years, 30 of which managed conservatively and 62 with various surgical techniques (plate 27, external fixation 24, and K-wires 11). Functional results were recorded by PRWE score and radiological union was assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Unpaired t-test was used for numerical value and Chi-square test for categorical values, and analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons among the groups.

Results:
PRWE pain score, PRWE functional score, and means of individual radiological parameters measurements did not show any significant association among the study groups, P > 0.05. However, Chi-square test of association showed a significant correlation between radiology and function, P < 0.001.

Conclusions:
There is no difference between surgical and nonsurgical methods as a whole so as to say which one is better, thus nonsurgical methods still hold a good option today and should be the first choice while dealing with such injuries. Anatomical reduction should always be tried irrespective of methods of treatment as excellent to good function was seen with undisplaced or minimally displaced or well-reduced fractures.
Indications of Implant Removal
Authors: Prashanth G. , Mahendra Kumar K. L. , Shivaprakash S. S. , Dushyantha M. C. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Metallic implant inserted for orthopedic fracture fixation may be removed for a variety of reasons. There is little consensus if such implant be removed routinely after fracture union. Hence, in our study, we would like to determine the indications for implant removal.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of all cases of implant removal at the Orthopaedic Department of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India, from January 2019 to December 2020. Relevant information of patients were extracted and analyzed.

Results:
The study included 217 patients; there are 161 males and 56 females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.87. The peak age group is 16–30 years with a mean age group of 36.2 years. Distal tibia/ankle (15.66%) is the most common site for implant removal. Tibia (35.4%) is the most common bone. Plates and screws (38.7%) is the most common implant. Patients' request (31.7%) is the most common indication followed by surgeon request (25.8%), prominent hardware (21.6%), infection (17.5%), and failure (3.4%). About 37.7% of implants were removed before 12 months.

Conclusion:
Patients' request was the most common indication as they wanted implant to be removed and long-term effects of internal implant were not known. Surgeon request is the second most common indication, especially in the pediatric age. Prominent hardware was the third most common indication group as implants were impinging. Infection and implant failure were the other mandatory indications for implant removal.
Density of Arithmetic Representations of Function Fields
Authors: Esnault Hélène , Kerz Moritz 
Published: March 2022

We propose a conjecture on the density of arithmetic points in the deformation space of representations of the \'etale fundamental group in positive characteristic. This? conjecture has applications to \'etale cohomology theory, for example it implies a Hard Lefschetz conjecture. We prove the density conjecture in tame degree two for the curve $\mathbb{P}^1\setminus \{0,1,\infty\}$. v2: very small typos corrected.v3: final. Publication in Epiga.Comment: 18 pages
VIX KORKU ENDEKSİ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKE BORSALARI ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: MÜNYAS Turgay 
Published: March 2022

Korku Endeksi (VIX), finansal piyasalarda sermaye piyasası araçlarının gelecekte beklenen hareketlerinin tahmini için kullanılan önemli göstergelerden biridir.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı [01.01.2009-01.06.2020] aylık veriler için Korku Endeksi (VIX) endeksinin gelişmekte olan ülkeler olan Türkiye (BİST 100), Hindistan (BSE Sensex 30), Brezilya (Bovespa-BVSP), Rusya (MOEX Russia) ve Çin (Shanghai Composite-SSEC) borsaları ile ilişkisini uzun ve kısa dönem için analiz etmektir.
Yöntem: Durağanlık testleri için Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) ve Phillips-Perron (PP) testleri uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönem ilişkinin incelenmesi için Bayer-Hanck (2013) Eşbütünleşme Analizi uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönemde birlikte hareket eden değişkenlerin kısa dönem dinamiklerini araştırmak amacıyla hata düzeltme modeli (Vector Error Correction Model: VECM) tahmin edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonucunda, Korku Endeksi (VIX) endeksinin gelişmekte olan ülke borsalarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. İncelemeye konu olan borsalardan Korku Endeksi (VIX) endeksindeki değişimden en çok etkilenen borsa Türkiye (BİST100) endeksi olmuştur. En az etkilenen borsa ise Brezilya (Bovespa-BVSP) endeksi olmuştur. Korku Endeksi (VIX) endeksinin borsalar üzerindeki etkisi kısa dönemde daha yüksek, uzun dönemde ise biraz daha azalarak devam etmektedir
Özgünlük: Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, genellikle Korku Endeksi (VIX) çeşitli finansal göstergeler ve BİST 100 endeksi üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, kapsam geniş tutularak korku ikliminin gelişmekte olan ülke borsaları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Development and Evaluation of Elisa Kits Based on Proteomics Technology for Detection and Semi-Quantification of Meat Species Adulteration
Authors: Ahmed Manal Mohamed Elsayed , Nazmy Walid , Noureen Asmaa 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop ELISA kits for the detection of meat species adulteration in raw and processed meat and evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.
Method: We identify the unique peptide markers based on the proteomics approach. Subsequently, we prepared specific antisera for beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and developed ELISA kits.
Results: Evaluation of the developed kits in testing crooked reference sample mixtures revealed that the developed ELISA kits showed 100% specificity with no cross-reactivity detected for the non-target species. In terms of sensitivity, the developed ELISA kits were able to consistently detect pork in the sample mixtures and horses at levels down to 5% w/w. Although sheep and chicken were detected at levels as low as 1% w/w. The beef-specific ELISA test showed greater sensitivity.

Conclusions: It is concluded that the developed ELISA kits are a promising tool but further studies are still required for validation of the developed kits and comparing its results with the commercially used kits before entry into the production phase.
Applying an Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Detect Dietary Habits of Breast Cancer Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Mst. Farzana , Sathi Shahnaj Sultana , Akter Ayesha , Ullah Mohammad Ohid 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The study aims to examine the association between food habits/lifestyle and breast cancer using an unsupervised machine approach.
Method: The dataset was collected from the hospitals of eight divisional cities in Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical tools and an unsupervised machine learning approach- Factor Analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The highest numbers of breast cancer patients were observed in the Sylhet division, followed by the Dhaka and Khulna divisions. It is noted that, overall, left breast cancer patients outnumber right breast cancer patients. We found that betel nuts, beverages, beef/mutton, etc. are high commonalities, which indicates that these food habits are highly associated with breast cancer. Moreover, most of the patients can’t bear the cost of treatment.
Conclusions: It is concluded that most breast cancer patients are used to taking betel nuts and beverages that may cause this disease. Therefore, we should avoid unhealthy and junk foods.
Klorofil-a dan kaitannya terhadap Produktifitas Primer Perairan Laut Banda pada Fenomena La Nina
Authors: Uneputty Brian Abraham Salmon , Tubalawony Simon , Noya Yunita Anganetjie 
Published: March 2022

Perairan Laut Banda merupakan perairan terbuka yang memiliki dinamika dan karakteristik perairan yang sangat kompleks. Perairan tersebut memiliki topografi bawah laut yang beragam dan dikelilingi oleh banyak pulau baik pulau besar maupun kecil. Selain itu perairan ini juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh fenomena ENSO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola sebaran Klorofil A di Perairan Laut selama periode La Nina dan Tingkat Produktivitas Primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bulanan klorofil a tahun 2010, dari satelit MODIS AQUA yang kemudian diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Surfer-12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pola variasi sebaran klorofil a di Perairan Laut banda selama fenomena El nino dan La Nina.
Comparative Study of Double Gate and Silicon on Insulator MOSFET by Varying Device Parameters
Authors: Patel Dax , Sojitra Soham , Kadia Jay , Chaudhary Bhavik , Parekh Rutu 
Published: March 2022

A comparative study of the single gate MOSFET (SG MOSFET), double-gate MOSFET (DG MOSFET) and silicon-on-insulator MOSFET (SOI MOSFET) is done using MOSFET simulation tool. Device simulation is done by varying different physical parameters of the device structure such as oxide thickness, channel length, temperature and different gate electrodes. Contour plots of SOI and DG MOSFET for electron concentration and potential at initial and final bias are simulated. The drain current vs gate voltage (Id-Vg) characteristics performance simulations show that DG MOSFET is better than SOI MOSFET for different oxide thickness and channel length. It was further noticed that with an increase in the oxide thickness, drain current decreases for DG and SOI MOSFETs. When oxide thickness is reduced from 10 to 7 nm keeping all other parameters same, in DG MOSFET drain current increased by 49.49 % and in SOI MOSFET drain current increased by 66.6 %. When channel length is reduced from 80 to 75 nm in DG MOSFET drain current increased by 1.35 % and in SOI MOSFET drain current increased by 2 %. The performance simulations show that aluminium (Al) gate electrode is better than n+ poly silicon (Si) and tungsten (W) for every MOSFET devices. With respect to aluminium gate electrode in DG MOSFET, for n+ poly Si and tungsten, drain current decreased by 3.89 and 30.5 %, respectively and in SOI MOSFET, for n+ poly Si and tungsten, drain current decreased by 3.84 and 34.61 %, respectively.
HIGHLIGHTS

Comparative study of Double Gate and Silicon on Insulator MOSFET
Simulation of DG and SOI MOSFET using MOSFET simulation tool on nanohub.org
Performance analysis of DG and SOI MOSFET by varying different physical parameters like oxide thickness, channel length, temperature and gate electrodes
Drain current vs gate voltage (Id-Vg) characteristics performance simulation of DG and SOI MOSFET
Contour plot for electron concentration and potential

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Local correlation-based transition models for high-Reynolds-number wind-turbine airfoils
Authors: Jung Yong Su , Vijayakumar Ganesh , Ananthan Shreyas , Baeder James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Modern wind-turbine airfoil design requires robust performance predictions for
varying thicknesses, shapes, and appropriate Reynolds numbers. The airfoils of
current large offshore wind turbines operate with chord-based Reynolds numbers
in the range of 3–15 million. Turbulence transition in the airfoil boundary
layer is known to play an important role in the aerodynamics of these airfoils
near the design operating point. While the lack of prediction of lift stall
through Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) is well known, airfoil design using CFD requires the accurate prediction
of the glide ratio (L/D) in the linear portion of the lift polar. The
prediction of the drag bucket and the glide ratio is greatly affected by the
choice of the transition model in RANS CFD of airfoils. We present the
performance of two existing local correlation-based transition
models – one-equation model (γ− SA) and two-equation model
(γ-Reθt‾- SA) coupled with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA)
RANS turbulence model – for offshore wind-turbine airfoils operating
at a high Reynolds number. We compare the predictions of the two transition
models with available experimental and CFD data in the literature in the
Reynolds number range of 3–15 million including the AVATAR project
measurements of the DU00-W-212 airfoil. Both transition models predict a
larger L/D compared to fully turbulent results at all Reynolds numbers. The
two models exhibit similar behavior at Reynolds numbers around 3 million. However, at higher Reynolds numbers, the one-equation model fails to
predict the natural transition behavior due to early transition onset. The
two-equation transition model predicts the aerodynamic coefficients for
airfoils of various thickness at higher Reynolds numbers up to 15 million
more accurately compared to the one-equation model. As a result, the
two-equation model predictions are more comparable to the predictions from
eN transition model.
However, a limitation of this model is observed at very high Reynolds numbers
of around 12–15 million where the predictions are very sensitive to the
inflow turbulent intensity. The combination of the two-equation transition
model coupled with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) RANS turbulence model is a
good method for performance prediction of modern wind-turbine airfoils
using CFD.
THE BEST OF ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS, TRANSWORLD DEPRAVITY AND THE PROBLEM OF CHOICE
Authors: Фатиев Никита Игоревич 
Published: March 2022

В данной статье анализируется проблема выбора наилучшего из возможных миров в теодицее Лейбница. Автор понимает, что данная тема находится на стыке логики, теологии и моральной философии. Он показывает характер обращения к данной теме как самого Г. Лейбница, так и современных философов, логиков и теологов.
This paper analyses the search for the best possible world in Leibniz’s Theodicy. The author understands that this subject is at the crossroads of logic, theology and moral philosophy. He shows the manner of treating the subject by Leibniz, as well as modern by logicians, theologians and philosophers.
LOGIC AND DIAGRAMS. TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Боброва Ангелина Сергеевна , Сальникова Татьяна Викторовна 
Published: March 2022

В последние десятилетия университетские курсы логики довольно быстро сдают свои позиции. Исключением не являются и академические философские программы, для которых логика всегда являлась важной профильной дисциплиной. Логика оказывается слишком сложной, слишком абстрактной, а потому слишком оторванной от философии. В поисках выхода из сложившейся ситуации мы решили модифицировать курс, состоящий из привычных теорий, и включить в него диаграмматические подходы Венна, Лейбница, Пирса. Круговые схемы Эйлера при этом, разумеется, сохраняли свои позиции. Мы исходили из того, что студентам важно продемонстрировать задачи логики (те, которые предполагают вводные курсы): логика интересуется логическими отношениями, выводами и доказательствами, а не только тем, как они представлены через конкретные знаки конкретных теорий. В этой работе мы описываем результаты нашей коррекции. Безусловно, диаграммы не способны стать универсальным решением (они подходят далеко не всем), но для кого-то они могут показывать иконичность логических формул и процедуру вывода, приоткрывая тем самым природу логики. Такой вариант изложения материала обращает логику к философии и повышает ее привлекательность для ребят, которым не просто дается алгебра.
In recent years, logic courses are quickly losing ground. The introductory course of logic for philosophers, which has always been an integral part of their major, is not an exception. Logic turns out to be too complicated, too abstract, and too separated from philosophy. Trying to find a way out, we decided to modify the course by including diagrammatical approaches of Venn, Leibniz and Peirce. The set of known theories and the traditional functions of Euler’s diagrams were preserved. We reasoned that diagrams could highlight that it is more important to understand key goals of logic (logical relations, consequence, inferences, etc. studies) rather than the syntax (certain signs) of certain theories. This paper reports the results of our investigations. We agree that diagrams cannot be seen as a universal solution (they cannot be great for everyone), but they clarify both the inferential processes and essence of logic for some students. This approach can turn logic back to philosophy, and this step can increase the attraction of logic even for those who are not much of algebra fans.
Spectral properties of non- self-adjoint elliptic differential operators in the Hilbert space
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Sameripour Ali 
Published: March 2022

‎Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $R^{n}$ with smooth boundary‎ ‎$\partial\Omega$‎. ‎In this article‎, ‎we will investigate the spectral‎ ‎properties of a non-self adjoint elliptic differential operator\\‎ ‎$(Au)(x)=-\sum^{n}_{i,j=1}\left(\omega^{2\alpha}(x)a_{ij}(x)‎ ‎\mu(x)u'_{x_{i}}(x)\right)'_{x_{j}}$‎, ‎acting in the Hilbert space ‎$H=L^{2}{(\Omega)}$. with Dirichlet-type boundary conditions‎. ‎Here‎ ‎$a_{ij}(x)= \overline{a_{ji}(x)}\;\;\;(i,j=1,\ldots,n),\;\;\;‎ ‎a_{ij}(x)\in C^{2}(\overline{\Omega})$‎, ‎and the functions‎ ‎$a_{ij}(x)$ satisfies the uniformly elliptic condition‎, ‎and let $ 0‎ ‎\leq \alpha < 1$‎. ‎Furthermore‎, ‎for $\forall x \in‎ ‎\overline{\Omega}$‎, ‎the function $\mu(x)$ lie in the‎ ‎$\psi_{\theta_1\theta_2}$‎ , ‎where ${\psi_{\theta_1\theta_2}}=\{z \in‎ ‎{\bf C}:\;\pi/2<\theta_1 \leq|arg\;z| \leq \theta_2<\pi\},$‎