bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a near-surface geophysical testing laboratory For Visualizing Subsoil Structure Using Geo-electrical methods
Authors: Aziz Akram 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Near-surface geophysics uses the investigational methods of geophysics to study the nature of the outermost part of the earth’s crust. Man interacts with this part of the earth’s crust: he walks on it; he drills and excavates into it; he constructs structures on and in it; he utilizes its water and mineral resources, and his wastes are stored on and in it and seep into it.Near-surface geophysics investigations include numerous and varied application areas and both basic and applied research in support of those applications (National Research Council, 2000). These application areas are characterized by various descriptors, e.g., engineering, geotechnical, environmental, groundwater, mining, archaeological, and forensic. Some typical examples of these application areas are Engineering and geotechnical geophysics, Environmental, Groundwater exploration, Mining, Archaeological prospecting, and Forensic research.The near-surface geophysics application areas listed above are characterized and distinguished by their shallow depths of investigation or interest requirements for high resolution, both vertically and horizontally. The near-surface geophysics application requires extensive laboratory execution, which may help in planning fieldwork and instrumental testing. Lastly, confirmation, verification, or validation of filed results are needed for interpretation and presentation that are subject to public health and safety concerns and constrained by legal and regulatory considerations.The aim of our research is to establish a testing lab for experimental geophysical measurements. Geophysical laboratory measurements provide information on the physical properties of bedrock and soil. These measurements and tests are vital for geophysical interpretation and modeling. The lab can also be used to demonstrate various near-surface geophysical applications to geology students, and provide a good simulation environment for various geophysical applications, which has been mentioned in the previous section. In this work, we will focus on how establishing a testing lab for resistivity measurements.
The non-native plant invader in the beech forest does not make nematode communities less structural
Authors: Renčo Marek , Jurová Jana , Čerevková Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Invasive plants are capable of homogenizing the above and belowground biota and are together with climate change recognized as one of the biggest threats to global biodiversity. Soil nematode communities reflect the surroundings they inhabit and they are used as biological indicators of soil condition. In this study, we evaluated soil properties and nematode communities in the beech forest floor covered by dense vegetation of invasive Impatiens parviflora (small balsam) and compared them with uninvaded sites. We assumed that the invasion of I. parviflora could be influencing soil fauna through their litter and also could be changing several soil properties which consequently affect soil nematode communities. A total of 52 nematode species were found in the soil samples. The mean number of species varied from 18 to 31, but did not significantly differ between invaded and uninvaded plots across all sampling dates. Nevertheless, redundancy analysis indicated that the nematode community in plots with small balsam differed significantly from that in uninvaded plots, reflecting different proportions of genera in the two communities. Small balsam invasion significantly enhanced the relative abundance of bacterivores whereas the decreased abundance of plant parasites and root-fungal feeders, mainly in spring and summer sampling dates. Ordination of nematode species along the structure index and enrichment index trajectories revealed maturing food web, low to moderately disturbed in the I. parviflora invaded soils as well as uninvaded forest plots. Decomposition channels of soil food webs in both plots were balanced, fungal-bacterial mediated, nonetheless low values of channel index suggesting prevailing bacterial decomposition. Our study reveals, that expansion of I. parviflora moderates influenced composition of nematode communities, and the soil food web, increased soil nitrogen, carbon and C/N ratio, whereas did not modify soil acidity.
Preoperative circulating tumor DNA level is associated to poor overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Dobilas Arturas , Chen Yilun , Alcaide Miguel , Brueffer Christian , Leandersson Pia , Saal Lao H , Borgfeldt Christer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which is shed from tumor cells into the blood, is a promising minimal-invasive method for cancer diagnostics and monitoring. The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative ctDNA levels in the plasma of patients with ovarian cancer and correlate the levels to clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome.
Methods
Tumor DNA was extracted from ovarian tumor tissue from 41 patients. Targeted sequencing using a panel of 127 genes recurrently mutated in cancer was performed to identify candidate somatic mutations in the tumor DNA. SAGAsafe digital PCR (dPCR) assays targeting the candidate mutations were used to measure ctDNA levels in patient plasma samples, obtained prior to surgery, to evaluate ctDNA levels in terms of mutant copy number/mL and variant allele frequency.
Results
Somatic mutations were found in 24 tumors, of which seven were from patients with borderline, and 17 with invasive cancer diagnosis. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene. Fifteen of 24 patients had detectable ctDNA levels in pre-operative plasma. Plasma ctDNA mutant concentration increased with higher stage (ptrend <0.001). Cancer patients with more than 10 ctDNA mutant copies/mL in plasma prior to surgery had significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.008).
Conclusions
Measuring ctDNA in pre-operative plasma may be useful as a predictive biomarker for tumor staging and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients.
Crosslinked ion diffusion inhibitors stabilize 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures for efficient and stable photovoltaics
Authors: Luo Long , Zeng Haipeng , Wang Zaiwei , Li Min , You Shuai , Chen Bin , Maxwell Aidan , Wang Chao , Li Shangzhi , Cai Xueqing , Li Weixi , Li Lin , Guo Rui , Huang Rong , Liang Wenxi , Rong Yaoguang , Sargent Edward , Li Xiong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D modifications of 3D perovskite active layers have contributed to advances in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, the ionic diffusion between the surface 2D and bulk 3D perovskites leads to the degradation of the 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure and limits the long-term stability of PSCs. Here we incorporate a crosslinked ion diffusion inhibitor (CDI) on the top of a 3D perovskite layer, and then deposit a 2D perovskite layer via a vapor-assisted two-step process to form a 3D/CDI/2D perovskite heterostructure. Photoluminescence spectra and thickness-profiled elemental analysis indicate that it is by inhibiting ion diffusion between the 2D and 3D perovskites that the CDI stabilizes the heterostructures. Based on carbon electrodes, we report small-area devices with an efficiency of 21.17%, and mini-modules with an efficiency of 19.56%. After 4,390-hours operation under maximum power point tracking and one-sun illumination at elevated temperature, devices retain 90% of initial performance.
Rotational symmetry and rotating waves in planar integro-difference equations
Authors: LeBlanc Victor G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mathematical models often possess symmetries, either because of actual symmetries of the situation being modelled, or as approximations. It is well-known that these symmetries often impose restrictions on the solutions to these models. In this paper, we investigate the role of rotational symmetry in certain integro-difference equations, and study the existence of rotating wave solutions to these equations. We perform explicit computations in the case where the integration kernel is a Gaussian distribution, which often occurs in applications.
Patients with STAT1 gain-of-function mutations display increased IFNα-induced T cell apoptosis and upregulation of interferon signature that are responsive to ruxolitinib treatment.
Authors: Dotta Laura , Todaro Francesca , Giacomelli Mauro , Pinelli Marinella , Cortesi Manuela , Moratto Daniele , Ferraro Rosalba , Giliani Silvia , Badolato Raffaele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) gain of function (GOF) syndrome accounts for most cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis but is characterized by a broader clinical phenotype that may include bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory manifestations, vascular complications, or malignancies. The spectrum of immunological abnormalities may vary and influence the infectious morbidity.
Methods. We investigated the mechanisms that may determine T lymphopenia in STAT1-GOF patients and evaluate the interferon signature in patients exhibiting autoimmunity.
Results. STAT1-GOF patients may manifest T lymphopenia particularly by adult age. We observed how the hyperactivation of STAT1 associated with a disrupted pattern of apoptosis as the stimulation with IFNα increased the expression of markers of apoptosis via caspase activation and significantly increased the apoptosis of T cells in STAT1-GOF patients. The use of a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was effective in controlling the hyperphosphorylation of STAT1 and reducing T cells apoptosis. This effect was translated in vivo to the increase of lymphocyte count in two treated adult patients. Similarly, ruxolitinib modulated the activation of interferon signature following IFNα stimulation, that may correlate with autoimmune complications.
Conclusion. In STAT1-GOF patients, the hyperactivation of IFNα-mediated response may contribute to T lymphopenia throughout increased cellular apoptosis and determine immunedysregulation manifestations. Our results support the use of JAK inhibitor to revert the pathogenesis of T lymphopenia thus reducing the risk of life-threatening infections and suggest the evaluation of interferon score in STAT1-GOF patients as a marker to monitor the risk of autoimmune manifestations.
Radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomal circ_0012381 induce M2 polarization of microglia to promote the growth of glioblastoma by CCL2/CCR2 axis
Authors: Zhang Chunzhi , Zhou Yuan , Gao Ya , Zhu Ze , Zeng Xiangliang , Liang Weizi , Sun Songwei , Chen Xiuli , Wang Hu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy is the primary therapeutic option for glioblastoma. Some studies proved that radiotherapy increased the release of exosomes from cells. The mechanism by which these exosomes modify the phenotype of microglia in the tumor microenvironment to further determine the fate of irradiated glioblastoma cells remains to be elucidated.
Methods
We erected the co-culture system of glioblastoma cells and microglia. After radiation, we analyzing the immunophenotype of microglia and the proliferation of glioblastoma. By whole transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed of circRNAs in exosomes from glioblastoma cells and HMC3 cells. We used some methods, which included RT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter, et al., to identify how circ_0012381 from radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes regulated the immunophenotype of microglia to further affect the proliferation of glioblastoma.
Results
Radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes markedly induced M2 polarization in microglia. These M2-polarized microglia promoted the proliferation of irradiated glioblastoma cells. Circ_0012381 expression was increased in the irradiated glioblastoma cells, and circ_0012381 entered the microglia via exosomes. circ_0012381 induced M2 polarization in microglia by sponging with miR-340-5p to increase ARG1 expression. M2-polarized microglia suppressed phagocytosis and promoted the growth of the irradiated glioblastoma cells by CCL2/CCR2 axis. Compared with the effects of radiotherapy alone, the inhibition of exosomes significantly inhibited the growth of irradiated glioblastoma cells in a zebrafish model.
Conclusions
Our data suggested that the inhibition of exosome secretion might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma.
Cytotoxicity of combinations of the pan-KRAS SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 against pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Plangger Adelina , Rath Barbara , Stickler Sandra , Hochmair Maximilian , Lang Clemens , Weigl Lukas , Funovics Martin , Hamilton Gerhard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
KRAS is mutated in approximately 25% of cancer patients and first approved KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors showed promising responses. Pancreatic cancer has the highest frequency of KRAS mutations but the prevailing KRAS G12D mutation is difficult to target. Inhibition of the GTP exchange factor (GEF) SOS1 – KRAS interaction impairs oncogenic signaling independently of the specific KRAS mutations. In general, cell lines exhibiting KRAS mutations show specific alterations in respect to glucose utilization, signal transduction and stress survival. The aim of this investigation was to check the putative synergy of the SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 with modulators targeting specific vulnerabilities of KRAS-mutated cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxicity of BAY-293 combinations was tested against MIA PaCa-2 (G12C), AsPC1 (G12D) and BxPC3 (KRAS wildtype) cell lines using MTT tests and calculation of the combination indices (CI) according to the Chou-Talalay method. The results show that BAY-293 synergizes with modulators of glucose utilization, inhibitors of the downstream MAPK pathway and several chemotherapeutics in dependence of the specific KRAS status of the cell lines. In particular, divergent responses for Bay-293 combinations between pancreatic and NSCLC cell lines were observed for Linsitinib, superior inhibitory effects of Trametinib and PD98059 in NSCLC, and lack of activity with Doxorubicin in case of the pancreatic cell lines. Phosphoproteome analysis revealed inhibition of distinct signaling pathways by Bay-293 for MIA PaCa-2 on the one hand and for Aspc1 and BH1362 on the other hand. In conclusion, BAY-293 exhibits synergy with drugs in dependence of the tumor type and specific KRAS mutation.
Study on the potential risks under a hazardous gas leakage accident: Effects of source characteristics and ambient wind velocities
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Zhang Guangwei , Wu Mei , Wu Zhengwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, a full scale storage tank was established to investigate the potential risks of leakage accident. We have developed a series of leak scenarios that close to real accidents, and have divided the ambient areas according to relevant regulations. Considering the variety and complexity of real-life accident scenarios, the presented work revealed the combined effect of source release intensity and ambient wind speed on dispersion features by classifying leakage scenarios into active or passive release. The Environmental hazards in each area is evaluated under various leak scenarios. The results show that when the approaching wind speed is low, the leakage on the windward side is the most dangerous release pattern. With the increase of the wind speed, the case with jet angle perpendicular to the incoming wind produces the largest cloud volume. Top release is the least dangerous way among the studied leak scenarios. However, the results illustrate that under some release angles, the cloud volume near the tank is not sensitive to wind speed. In leak accidents, quantitatively analysis reveals that the commonly used dimensionless concentrations (Kc) cannot be used as a suitable parameter to discuss the concentration field except under top/leeward passive release conditions. This study will be beneficial to on-site rescue and decision-making when leakage accidents occur, and provide reasonable suggestions for subsequent research on the environmental impact of container leakage and the diffusion of pollutants.
Effectiveness of Maternal Referral System in Tanzania: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Bugomola Monica Alex , Leshabari Sebalda , Mkoka Dickson , Mbekenga Columba K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Poor accessibility of emergency obstetric care services contributes to severe morbidity and high maternal mortality. Variations in the capacity of providing Emergency obstetric care by different levels of public health facilities highlights the fundamental role of maternal referral system. There has being no significant changes in the maternal mortality for the past 15 years despite the feasibility of interventions within the limited resources hospital settings. There is still a paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of the obstetric referral process in reducing maternal mortality. This study was conducted to determine referral reasons, referral delays and communication barriers influencing referrals of women with obstetric complications in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal referral system.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design employing mixed methods approach was used to evaluate effectiveness of the maternal referral system. A 7 weeks prospective study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital. Quantitative data were collected through reviewing referral slips of 426 women referred from various health facilities due to obstetric complications in the peripartum period and admitted in the labour ward, postnatal ward, ICU and high dependant ward. Analysis was done using SPSS. Qualitative data was collected using 9 semi-structured in-depth interviews with nurse-midwives and obstetricians who were selected purposively, and data was analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results: A total of 426 records of referred women with obstetric complications were reviewed. Most documented reasons for referral were hospital based (62%), which included theatre being busy (25.1%), unavailability of blood (11.3%) and lack of equipment and inadequate supplies (10.3%). 60.3% accounted for delayed referrals. The study identified referral-receiver communication barriers which include inconsistent use of phones before referral, unsatisfactory referral form documentation and inadequate feedback mechanism.Conclusion: The study demonstrates lack of both human and non-human resources required for provision of health care services in the referring facilities. It identifies high proportion of late referrals and deficiencies in the referral process which illustrate ineffective referral system.
Machine learning-derived gut microbiome signature predicts fatty liver disease in the presence of insulin resistance
Authors: Ryu Dongryeol , Kang Baeki E , Park Aron , Yang Hyekyung , Jo Yunju , Oh Tae Gyu , Jeong Seung Min , Ji Yosep , Kim Hyung-Lae , Kim Han Na , Auwerx Johan , Nam Seungyoon , Park Cheol-Young 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A simple predictive biomarker for fatty liver disease is required for individuals with insulin resistance. Here, we developed a machine learning-based classifier for fatty liver disease using faecal 16S rDNA sequencing data. Based on the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital cohort (n = 777), we generated a random forest classifier to predict fatty liver diseases in individuals with or without insulin resistance (n = 166, n = 611, respectively). The model performance was evaluated based on metrics such as accuracy, area under receiver operating curve (AUROC), kappa, and F1-score. The developed classifier for fatty liver diseases performed better in individuals with insulin resistance (AUROC = 0.80). We further optimized the classifiers using genetic algorithm. The improved classifier for insulin resistance, consisting of 10 microbial genera, presented an advanced classification (AUROC = 0.88), whereas the improved classifier for insulin-sensitive individuals failed to distinguish participants with fatty liver diseases from the healthy. The classifier for individuals with insulin resistance was comparable or superior to previous methods predicting fatty liver diseases (accuracy = 0.88, F1-score = 0.93, and kappa = 0.54), such as the fatty liver index. We identified the 10 genera as a core set from the human gut microbiome, which could be a diagnostic biomarker of fatty liver diseases for insulin resistant individuals. Collectively, these findings indicate that the machine learning classifier for fatty liver diseases in the presence of insulin resistance is comparable or superior to commonly used methods.
Nutritional Intake of Sport Undergraduates in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rupasinghe W. A.W.S. , Perera T. S.H. , Silva K. D.R. , Samitha S. , Wickramaratne Merita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Nutritional intake plays an important role in determining energy availability which is vital to health, wellbeing, and sports performance in an active population. This research assessed the sports undergraduates' nutritional intake compared to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and nutrition goals provided by WHO.
METHODS
A total of one hundred and one (n = 101) sports undergraduates aged between 20 to 23 years were recruited and the nutrient intake was assessed by the three-day food diary method and quantified the macro and micronutrients by the food composition database.
RESULTS
Though most undergraduates were able to meet the dietary requirements in carbohydrates, they were deficient in their protein intake and excess in fats intake. Further, both male and female students were deficient in their daily energy intake (1723kcal, 1607 kcal) and dietary fiber intake (8 g, 11 g). The fat intake as saturated fat was met by all students’ intake a 20% of males and 21% of females was higher than the recommendations (< 10%). The micronutrient intake of vitamins such as C, B1, B2, B9, and B12 and minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium, were significantly below the recommendations (p < 0.05) except for vitamin B3 niacin.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that Sri Lankan sports undergraduates do not have an adequate daily intake of energy, proteins, and micronutrients. Hence, it is recommended that the students must be provided with proper nutritional guidance and further increase their accessibility to cafeterias and food outlets that provide nutritionally valuable meals which are essentially required to maintain both the physical and mental fitness of the students.