bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer symptoms: do patients, family caregivers and professionals agree?
Authors: Perin Melissa , de Souza Andressa , Boniatti Márcio Manozzo 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the level of agreement among patients, their family caregivers and health professionals regarding the symptoms presented by patients with cancer.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in patients with cancer admitted to a hospital in Brazil from December 2019 to July 2020. One family caregiver for each patient was included in the study. In addition, nurses and physicians involved in patient care were included. Patients, family caregivers and health professionals responded to the Palliative Outcome Scale (POS).ResultsSixty-one patients with their family caregivers, 18 nurses and 8 physicians were included. Physicians reported a lower mean POS score than patients (p=0.008). In general, physicians and nurses underestimated the anxiety of the patient and the anxiety of the family caregivers and how much the patient feels that his or her life is worthwhile. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed moderate and good levels of agreement between patients’ and family caregivers’ responses (0.61). Agreement between patient and nurse (0.02) and physician (0.21) responses was poor.ConclusionsThe level of agreement between patients and healthcare professionals was very poor regarding patients’ symptoms. However, the caregiver’s perception of the patient’s symptoms can be a reliable source of information.
Tobacco industry presence and practices in Mozambique: a ‘chaotic’ but worthy market
Authors: Nguenha Nicole , Bialous Stella , Matavel Joaquim , Lencucha Raphael 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMozambique has experienced a series of tobacco industry consolidations both in tobacco leaf buying and processing, and in cigarette manufacturing and marketing. The growth of the tobacco industry presence in Mozambique was followed by an increase in tobacco industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. This is the first paper to describe the history of tobacco industry activities in Mozambique, a party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).MethodsWe reviewed industry documents and associated web-based information. Industry documents (1990–2021) were identified through University of California San Francisco’s Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library. We followed with a search of web-based sources pertaining to the tobacco industry in Mozambique. We complemented our analysis with select media sources to identify statements by government officials in relation to the tobacco industry. We mapped major tobacco industry players, industry partnerships and corresponding CSR activities.ResultsTobacco production increased substantially in Mozambique in the 1990s when tobacco companies began targeting African countries. The increased attention to tobacco production, trade and sales in Mozambique was coupled with greater industry involvement in CSR activities. We identified 10 tobacco industry CSR programmes in Mozambique. Most of the CSR programmes focus on health including HIV/AIDS, social issues and environmental issues.ConclusionsSimilar to other tobacco-growing countries, the industry facilitated an increase in tobacco production and continues efforts to increase the tobacco consumption market while engaging in CSR activities focused on social and environmental issues. As in other countries, CSR initiatives in Mozambique enhance industry’s reputation. Importantly, these CSR programmes and partnerships breach national laws and the provisions of the FCTC. The continuation of these programmes suggests limited attention within government to protect public policy from industry interference in compliance with Article 5.3 of the FCTC.
Are you scared yet? Variations to cue indices elicit differential prey behavioral responses even when gape-limited predators are relatively small
Authors: Wagner Madison J. , Moore Paul A. 
Published: June 2022

Anti-predator behavior is often evoked based on measurements of risk calculated from sensory cues emanating from predators independent of physical attack. Yet, the exact sensory indices of cues used in risk assessment remain largely unknown. To examine how different predatory cue indices of information are used in risk assessment, we presented prey with various cues from sublethal gape-limited predators. Rusty crayfish ( Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)) were exposed to predatory odors from sublethal-sized largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides (Lacepѐde, 1802)) to test effects of changing predator abundance, relative size relationships, and total predator length in flow through mesocosms. Foraging, shelter use, and movement behavior were used to measure cue effects. Foraging time depended jointly upon predator abundance and total predator size ( p = 0.030). Specifically, high predator abundance resulted in decreased foraging efforts as gape ratio increased. Similarly, sheltering time depended on the interaction between predator abundance and gape ratio when predator abundance was highest ( p = 0.020). Crayfish significantly increased exploration time when gape ratio increased ( p = 0.010). Thus, this study shows crayfish can use different indices of predatory cues, namely total predator abundance and relative size ratios, in risk assessment but do so in context-specific ways.
Fundamental length scale and the bending of light in a gravitational field
Authors: Tee Philip , Jafari Nosratollah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe canonical approach to quantizing quantum gravity is understood to suffer from pathological non-renomalizability. Nevertheless in the context of effective field theory, a viable perturbative approach to calculating elementary processes is possible. Some non-perturbative approaches, most notably loop quantum gravity and combinatorial quantum gravity imply the existence of a minimal length. To circumvent the seeming contradiction between the existence of a minimum length and the principle of special relativity, Double Special Relativity introduces modified dispersion relationships that reconcile the conflict. In this work, we combine these dispersion relationships with an effective field theory approach to compute the first post Newtonian correction to the bending of light by a massive object. The calculation offers the prospect of a directly measurable effect that rests upon both the existence of a quantized gravitational field and a minimal length. Experimental verification would provide evidence of the existence of a quantum theory of gravity, and the fundamental quantization of spacetime with a bound on the minimal distance.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Burnout Aspects in Medical Students: Iranian Research
Authors: Shariatpanahi Ghazal , Asadabadi Mahsa , Rahmani Ashkan , Effatpanah Mohammad , Ghazizadeh Esslami Golnaz 
Published: June 2022

Background. Burnout is a psychological syndrome identified by different degrees of emotional exhaustion depersonalization and a low sense of personal accomplishment, which is an increasing problem among medical students. Emotional intelligence is a set of noncognitive skills that propagates an individual’s capability to encounter environmental complications, particularly burnout, successfully. This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic burnout among medical students. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 136 medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Data were collected by a demographic checklist, Siberia Schering’s Emotional Intelligence questionnaire, and Bresso Academic Burnout questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS22 software using descriptive methods and linear regression tests. The significance level was set at a

P

value <0.05. Results. The study enrolled 136 medical students, including 70 (51.5%) men and 66 (48.5%) women, with an average age of 24.94 (SD = 1.03). Besides, 112 students were single (82.4%), and 24 were married (17.6%). Most students’ emotional intelligence and academic burnout were moderate (89% and 69.1%, respectively). According to the results, none of the burnout dimensions significantly correlated with age and gender. Among emotional intelligence dimensions, students possessing higher self-motivation experienced more significant academic fatigue. Students with higher self-awareness and self-regulation experienced lower academic fatigue, academic apathy, academic inefficiency, and academic burnout. In general, medical students with higher scores on emotional intelligence experienced significantly lower academic fatigue, academic apathy, academic inefficiency, and academic burnout. There was a significant negative association between emotional intelligence and burnout (β = −0.496,

P

< 0.001). Conclusion. Emotional intelligence appeared as a significant factor in protecting medical students against academic burnout, so enhancing emotional intelligence through training may be an essential intervention for reducing burnout.
Immunodominant MHC-II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II) Restricted Epitopes in Human Apolipoprotein B
Authors: Roy Payel , Sidney John , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Armstrong Suthahar Sujit Silas , Billitti Monica , Rubiro Paul , Marrama Daniel , Drago Fabrizio , Vallejo Jenifer , Suryawanshi Vasantika , Orecchioni Marco , Makings Jeffrey , Kim Paul J. , McNamara Coleen A. , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro , Ley Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Background:

CD (cluster of differentiation) 4
+
T-cell responses to APOB (apolipoprotein B) are well characterized in atherosclerotic mice and detectable in humans. CD4
+
T cells recognize antigenic peptides displayed on highly polymorphic HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-II. Immunogenicity of individual APOB peptides is largely unknown in humans. Only 1 HLA-II-restricted epitope was validated using the DRB1*07:01-APOB
3036
–3050
tetramer. We hypothesized that human APOB may contain discrete immunodominant CD4
+
T-cell epitopes that trigger atherosclerosis-related autoimmune responses in donors with diverse HLA alleles.

Methods:

We selected 20 APOB-derived peptides (APOB
20
) from an in silico screen and experimentally validated binding to the most commonly occurring human HLA-II alleles. We optimized a restimulation-based workflow to evaluate antigenicity of multiple candidate peptides in HLA-typed donors. This included activation-induced marker assay, intracellular cytokine staining, IFNγ (interferon gamma) enzyme–linked immunospot and cytometric bead array. High-throughput sequencing revealed TCR (T-cell receptor) clonalities of APOB-reactive CD4
+
T cells.

Results:

Using stringent positive, negative, and crossover stimulation controls, we confirmed specificity of expansion-based protocols to detect CD4
+
T cytokine responses to the APOB
20
pool. Ex vivo assessment of AIM
+
CD4
+
T cells revealed a statistically significant autoimmune response to APOB
20
but not to a ubiquitously expressed negative control protein, actin. Resolution of CD4
+
T responses to the level of individual peptides using IFNγ enzyme–linked immunospot led to the discovery of 6 immunodominant epitopes (APOB
6
) that triggered robust CD4
+
T activation in most donors. APOB
6
-specific responding CD4
+
T cells were enriched in unique expanded TCR clonotypes and preferentially expressed memory markers. Cytometric bead array analysis detected APOB
6
-induced secretion of both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines. In clinical samples from patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease, APOB
6
stimulation induced higher activation and memory phenotypes and augmented secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and IFNγ, compared with patients with low coronary artery disease.

Conclusions:
Using 3 cohorts, each with ≈20 donors, we discovered and validated 6 immunodominant, HLA-II–restricted APOB epitopes. The immune response to these APOB epitopes correlated with coronary artery disease severity.
Hospital‐Level Variation in Ticagrelor Use in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ozaki Aya F. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Chong Alice , Sud Maneesh , Fang Jiming , Austin Peter C. , Ko Dennis T. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Despite improved outcomes associated with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), many studies have demonstrated slow adoption of ticagrelor in the United States because of its increased cost. Less is known about how ticagrelor is adopted when there is no added cost consideration. Our objectives were to determine patterns of use of ticagrelor, hospital‐level adoption of ticagrelor use, and factors associated with its use after ACS in a publicly funded health care system.

Methods and Results
We conducted a population‐based cohort study including patients (≥65 years) hospitalized with their first ACS from April 2014 to March 2018 in Ontario, Canada. We determined temporal trends in ticagrelor use and hospital‐level adoption of its use post‐ACS discharge. Using hierarchical regression models, we identified significant predictors of ticagrelor use. There were 23 962 patients with ACS (mean age 76.3 years, 59.7% men) hospitalized in 156 hospitals. Overall ticagrelor use increased from 32.6% in 2014/2015 to 51.8% in 2017/2018. There was substantial variation in ticagrelor use post‐ACS across hospitals, with hospital‐specific prescribing rates ranging from 0% to 83.6%. Lower odds of ticagrelor use was associated with advanced age and the presence of comorbidities. Besides patient factors, being admitted to a rurally located hospital more than halved the odds of being prescribed ticagrelor (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32–0.77). Being managed by a cardiologist during the index ACS hospitalization was associated with higher odds of having a ticagrelor prescription after ACS (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.36–3.33).

Conclusions
Ticagrelor use rates varied substantially across hospitals and were strongly associated with physician and hospital factors independent of patient characteristics.
Diastolic Filling Time, Chronotropic Response, and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction With Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Kagami Kazuki , Obokata Masaru , Harada Tomonari , Kato Toshimitsu , Wada Naoki , Adachi Takeshi , Ishii Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Background
Exercise‐induced high heart rate may impair exercise tolerance by reducing diastolic filling time and ventricular filling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Given the importance of chronotropic response, we hypothesized that reduction in diastolic filling time because of exercise‐induced increased heart rate would not impair cardiac output reserve and exercise capacity. We sought to determine the association between heart rate, diastolic filling time, hemodynamics, and exercise capacity in HFpEF.

Methods and Results

Patients with HFpEF (n=66) and controls without HF (n=107) underwent bicycle exercise echocardiography with simultaneous expired gas analysis to measure oxygen consumption. Diastolic filling time was assessed by the overlap time between mitral E‐ and A‐waves (longer overlap time indicates shorter diastolic filling duration). Overlap time increased (ie, diastolic filling time shortened) in HFpEF and controls as heart rate increased with exercise, and the relationship was similar between the groups. Greater heart rate response correlated with higher cardiac output (
r
=0.51,
P
<0.0001) and oxygen consumption (
r
=0.50,
P
<0.0001) during peak exercise. Shorter diastolic filling time, as assessed by longer overlap time, was correlated with higher cardiac output (
r
=0.47,
P
<0.0001) and peak oxygen consumption (
r
=0.38,
P
=0.007), not with E/e′ or right ventricular‐pulmonary artery uncoupling. Longer overlap time was associated with mitral A velocity (
r
=0.53,
P
<0.0001) and left atrial booster pump strain (
r
=0.42,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Shortening of diastolic filling interval in tandem with increased heart rate during exercise does not limit cardiac output reserve or exercise capacity in HFpEF.
Association Between High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein and Prognosis in Different Periods After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Jiejie , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) and prognosis over time after stroke onset.

Methods and Results

In this prespecified prospective substudy of the Third China National Stroke Registry, a total of 9438 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and measured hsCRP were included. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the sampling time after index onset (<24 hours, 24–72 hours, 72 hours–8 days). The outcomes consisted of stroke recurrence and combined vascular events within 1 year, and dependence or death defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6 at 1 year. The associations between hsCRP and outcomes in different groups were analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models. The median levels of hsCRP within 24 hours, between 24 and 72 hours and between 72 hours and 8 days were 2.01, 1.72, and 1.72 mg/L, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Compared with the bottom quartile, patients in the top quartile measured within 72 hours were at increased risk of recurrent stroke (<24 hours: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.57 [95% CI, 1.05–2.35],
P
= 0.03; 24–72 hours: adjusted HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.18–2.17],
P
= 0.003). Association was attenuated after further adjusting for the Org 10 172 test in the Treatment of Acute Stroke classification (<24 hours: adjusted HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.01–2.27];
P
= 0.05; 24–72 hours: adjusted HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.14–2.10];
P
= 0.01). The association only existed in patients with large‐artery atherosclerosis (adjusted HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.06–2.64];
P
= 0.03). However, the association was not found in the hsCRP level measured between 72 hours and 8 days. Similar results were found for the outcome of combined vascular events. Additionally, hsCRP levels measured between 24 and 72 hours were associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes.

Conclusions
Elevated levels of hsCRP measured in the first 72 hours after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack but not 72 hours to 8 days, were associated with an increased risk of 1‐year stroke recurrence.
A Metrological Perspective on Reproducibility in NLP*
Authors: Belz Anya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReproducibility has become an increasingly debated topic in NLP and ML over recent years, but so far, no commonly accepted definitions of even basic terms or concepts have emerged. The range of different definitions proposed within NLP/ML not only do not agree with each other, they are also not aligned with standard scientific definitions. This article examines the standard definitions of repeatability and reproducibility provided by the meta-science of metrology, and explores what they imply in terms of how to assess reproducibility, and what adopting them would mean for reproducibility assessment in NLP/ML. It turns out the standard definitions lead directly to a method for assessing reproducibility in quantified terms that renders results from reproduction studies comparable across multiple reproductions of the same original study, as well as reproductions of different original studies. The article considers where this method sits in relation to other aspects of NLP work one might wish to assess in the context of reproducibility.
Stability of Anti-thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody in Whole Blood and Serum: Caution Required for Reflective and Batch Testing
Authors: Hepburn Sophie , Ifrahim Rizwan , Cordle Jane 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) stability is stated as 7h at 20–25°C in the Roche Elecsys assay kit insert. The purpose of this study was to determine TRAb stability in whole blood and serum to assess the suitability of samples for reflective and weekly batch testing (with a single freeze-thaw cycle). Methods In the first study, blood from n = 5 volunteers was used to assess: (1) stability in whole blood at room temperature up to 24h, and (2) stability in serum at 4–8°C up to 72h. In the second study, n = 21 patient samples were analysed in serum stored at 4–8°C for two and five days post-preliminary analysis. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in TRAb concentration caused by the single freeze-thaw cycle of −8.9% ± 5.2% ( p = 0.03). TRAb concentration decreased in whole blood between 0 and 24h by −16.5% ±9.2%, and declined in serum over time by −11.6% ±6.6% (at 12h). In the patient samples, serum TRAb concentration decreased over time by −4.6% ± 2.5% at day two and −6.5% ± 4.0% at day five. Conclusion TRAb concentration decreases over time in both whole blood at room temperature and serum samples stored at 4–8°C. A single freeze-thaw cycle also has a statistically significant effect on TRAb concentration.
Multireader image quality evaluation of dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion imaging with a novel four-dimensional noise reduction filter
Authors: Sliwicka Olga , Swiderska-Chadaj Zaneta , Snoeren Miranda , Brink Monique , Salah Khibar , Peters-Bax Liesbeth , Stille Tip , van Amerongen Martinus Johannes , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Habets Jesse 
Published: June 2022

Background Dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a novel technique able to depict cardiac ischemia. Purpose To evaluate the impact of a four-dimensional noise reduction filter (similarity filter [4D-SF]) on image quality in dynamic CTP imaging, allowing for substantial radiation dose reduction. Material and Methods Dynamic CTP datasets of 30 patients (16 women) with suspected coronary artery disease, acquired with a 320-slice CT system, were retrieved, reconstructed with the deep learning-based algorithm of the system (DLR), and filtered with the 4D-SF. For each case, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in six regions of interest (33–38mm2) were calculated before and after filtering, in four-chamber and short-axis views, and t-tested. Furthermore, six radiologists of different expertise evaluated subjective image preference by answering five visual grading analysis-type questions (regarding acceptable level of noise, absence of artifacts, natural appearance, cardiac contour sharpness, diagnostic acceptability) using a 5-point scale. The results were analyzed using visual grade characteristics (VGC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Mean SNR in four-chamber view (unfiltered vs. filtered) were: septum=4.1 ± 2.1 versus 7.6 ± 5.6; lateral wall=4.5 ± 2.0 versus 8.0 ± 4.9; CNRseptum=16.6 ± 8.9 versus 31.7 ± 28; lateral wall=16.2 ± 8.9 versus 31.3 ± 28.9. Similar results were obtained in short-axis view. The perceived filtered image quality indicated decreased noise (VGCAUC=0.96) and artifacts (0.65), improved natural appearance (0.59), cardiac contour sharpness (0.74), and diagnostic acceptability (0.78). The inter-observer variability was excellent (ICC=0.79). All results were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Similarity filtering after DLR improves image quality, possibly enabling dose reduction in dynamic CTP imaging in patient with suspected chronic coronary syndrome.