bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing treatment benefit in the presence of placebo response using the sequential parallel comparison design
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Kim Chanmin , Han Zifei , Lim Pilar , Roychoudhury Satrajit , Fava Maurizio , Doros Gheorghe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn clinical trials, placebo response is considered a beneficial effect arising from multiple factors, including the patient's expectations for the treatment. Its presence makes the classical parallel study design suboptimal and can bias the inference. The sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD), a two‐stage design where the first stage is a classical parallel study design, followed by another parallel design among placebo subjects from the first stage, was proposed to address the shortcomings of the classical design. In SPCD, in lieu of treatment effect, a weighted average of the mean treatment difference in Stage I among all randomized subjects and the mean treatment difference in Stage II among placebo non‐responders was proposed as the efficacy measure. However, by linking two possibly different populations, this weighted average lacks interpretability, and the choice of weight remains controversial. In this work, under the principal stratification framework, we propose a causal estimand for the treatment effect under each of three clinically important principal strata: Always Responders, Never Responders, and Drug‐only Responders. To make the stratum treatment effect identifiable, we introduce a set of assumptions and two sensitivity parameters. By further considering the strata as latent characteristics, the sensitivity parameters can be estimated. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the operating characteristics of the proposed method. Finally, we apply our method on the ADAPT‐A study data to assess the benefit of low‐dose aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressant therapy treatment.
Pooling random forest and functional data analysis for biomedical signals supervised classification: Theory and application to electrocardiogram data
Authors: Maturo Fabrizio , Verde Rosanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScientific progress has contributed to creating many devices to gather vast amounts of biomedical data over time. The goal of these devices is generally to monitor people's health conditions, diagnose, and prevent patients' diseases, for example, to discover cardiovascular disorders or predict epileptic seizures. A common way of investigating these data is classification, but these instruments generate signals often characterized by high dimensionality. Learning from these data is definitely a challenging task due to many issues, for example, the trade‐off between complexity and accuracy and the course of dimensionality. This study proposes a supervised classification method based on the joint use of functional data analysis, classification trees, and random forest to deal with massive biomedical data recorded over time. For this purpose, this research suggests different original tools to extract features and train functional classifiers, interpret the classification rules, assess leaves' quality and composition, avoid the classical drawbacks due to the COD, and improve the accuracy of the functional classifiers. Focusing on ECG data as a possible example, the final purpose of this study is to offer an original approach to identify and classify patients at risk using different types of biomedical signals. The results confirm that this line of research is exciting; indeed, the interpretative tools show evidence to be very useful for understanding classification rules. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed functional classifier, in terms of accuracy, is excellent because the latter breaks the previous classification record regarding a well‐known ECG dataset.
Boosting Electrochemical Activity of Porous Transparent Conductive Oxides Electrodes Prepared by Sequential Infiltration Synthesis
Authors: Ko Minkyung , Kim Hyeong‐U , Jeon Nari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an emerging technique for producing inorganic–organic hybrid materials and templated inorganic nanomaterials. The application space for SIS is expanding rapidly in areas such as lithography, filtration, photovoltaics, antireflection, and triboelectricity, but not in the field of electrochemistry. This study performs SIS for the fabrication of porous, transparent, and electrically conductive films of indium zinc oxide (IZO) to evaluate their potential as an electrode for electrochemistry. The electrochemical activity of IZO‐coated electrodes is evaluated when their surfaces are modified with ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), a model redox molecule. Results show a 25‐fold enhancement in peak current densities mediated by an Fc/Fc+ redox couple for an IZO‐coated electrode in comparison with bare electrodes; this is afforded by the porous morphology of the IZO film and the enhanced binding efficiency of FcCOOH on the IZO film. The results confirm the potential of SIS for the preparation of porous transparent conducting oxide electrodes, which will enable the application of SIS‐derived materials in various electrochemical fields.
Robust Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries Enabled by a Sandwich‐Structured MXene@C/Polyolefin/MXene@C Dual‐functional Separator
Authors: Wang Chaozhi , Wu Kaihang , Cui Jingqin , Fang Xiaoliang , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT‐Na‐S) batteries are attracting increased attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low‐cost. However, the traditional RT‐Na‐S batteries assembled with glass fiber (GF) separators are still hindered by the polysulfide shuttle effect and sodium dendrite growth, limiting the battery's capacity and cycling stability. Here, a facile and effective method toward commercial polyolefin separators for constructing stable RT‐Na‐S batteries is presented. By coating commercial polypropylene membrane with core‐shell structured MXene@C nanosheets, a powerful dual‐functional separator with improved electrolyte wettability that can inhibit polysulfide migration and induce uniform sodium disposition is developed. More importantly, the modified separator can also accelerate the conversion kinetics of sodium polysulfides. Benefiting from these characteristics, the as‐prepared RT‐Na‐S battery exhibits a remarkably enhanced capacity (1159 mAh g‐1 at 0.2 C) and excellent cycling performance (95.8% of capacity retention after 650 cycles at 0.5 C). This study opens a promising avenue for the development of high‐performance Na‐S batteries.
Chiroptical Transitions of Enantiomeric Ligand‐Activated Nickel Oxides
Authors: Lin Jiaying , Liu Rulin , Zhu Xi , Wei Alexander , Xu Xiaoqian , He Tingchao , Cheng Jiaji , Li Yiwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLigand‐induced chirality in transition‐metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures have great potential for designing materials with tunable chiroptical effects. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to prepare chiroptical active nickel‐oxide hybrids combined with pH adjustment, and the redox treatment results in ligand transformation, which is attributable to multiple optical transitions in the TMO nanostructures. The theoretical calculation also explains the chiral origins based on their complex models based on empirical analysis. It is also shown that enantiomeric TMO nanoparticles can be used as chiral inducers for chiroptical sensitive polymerization. These results demonstrate that TMO nanostructures can provide rational control over photochemical synthesis and chiral transfer of inorganics nanoarchitecture chirality.
A novel strategy for producing high‐performance continuous regenerated fibers with wool‐like structure
Authors: Cao Guang Sheng , Zhang Ze Ping , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe proposed a novel approach to prepare high‐performance continuous regenerated keratin fibers with wool‐like structure by using the cortical cells and linear keratin from wool waste as reinforcement and adhesive, respectively. The spindle‐shaped cortical cells were taken from wool waste based on the different responses of cortical cells and mesenchyme in wool to the treatments of H2O2 oxidation and ultrasonication. The linear keratin was yielded through dissolving wool waste in the green solution consisting of starch derived dithiothreitol and protein denaturant sodium dodecyl sulfate. The recycled keratin fibers were produced by wet‐spinning of the mixture solution comprising of cortical cells, linear keratin and toughener poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde and 4,4′‐methylenebis‐(phenyl isocyanate). The cortical cells were aligned along the regenerated fibers axis and retained quite a few α‐helical crystals of the intermediate filaments, benefitting improvement of mechanical properties. Consequently, the valuable chemical compositions and hierarchical microstructures of wool were largely inherited. Their mechanical properties, thermal stability, dyeing property, moisture absorption capability, and antistatic resistance resembled those of wool. The regenerated fibers contained 93.3 wt.% components of wool, and the amount of synthetic chemicals in the regenerated fibers was controlled to as low as 6.7 wt.%.
Recent Progress in Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Oil and Water Emulsions
Authors: Baig Nadeem , Salhi Billel , Sajid Muhammad , Aljundi Isam H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOily wastewater has become one of the leading causes of environmental pollution. A massive quantity of oily wastewater is released from industries, oil spills, and routine activities, endangering the ecosystem's sustainability. Due to the enormous negative impact, researchers put strenuous efforts into developing a sustainable solution to treat oily wastewater. Microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes are considered an efficient solution to treat oily wastewater due to their low cost, small footprint, facile operation, and high separation efficiencies. However, membranes severely fouled during the separation process due to oil's adsorption and cake layer formation, which shortens the membranes’ life. This review has critically discussed the microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane synthesizing methods and their emulsion's separation performance. In the end, key challenges and their possible solutions are highlighted to provide future direction to synthesize next‐generation membranes.
Dysregulated pseudogene BNIP3P1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in preeclampsia by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for BNIP3
Authors: Zheng Haoyu , Shi Mengna , Chi Zhenjing , Wang Haidong , Wang Hairong , Xu Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as critical modulators in many diseases including preeclampsia. Since the association between lncRNA BNIP3P1 and its cognate gene BNIP3 in preeclampsia has been revealed previously, this study aimed to further explore the function and mechanism of BNIP3P1 in preeclampsia. EdU and TUNEL assays revealed that BNIP3P1 or BNIP3 overexpression inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis in preeclampsia. As suggested by western blot analysis, the protein levels of apoptotic markers in the cells were affected by BNIP3P1 or BNIP3 overexpression. The binding between miR‐128‐3p and BNIP3P1 (or BNIP3) was explored by luciferase reporter assays. Mechanistically, BNIP3P1 bound to miR‐128‐3p to upregulate BNIP3 expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Importantly, BNIP3P1 was found to inactivate the mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, BNIP3P1 inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis in preeclampsia by targeting the miR‐128‐3p/BNIP3/mTOR signaling pathway.
Use of meshed skin grafts to treat bilateral, circumferential skin defects of the antebrachium in a pygmy goat wether
Authors: Williams Natasha J. , Holter Donald L. , Boileau Melanie J. , Dugat Danielle R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 7‐month‐old pygmy goat wether was presented for severe, chronic, bilateral forelimb wounds of unknown inciting cause and duration. Full‐thickness circumferential skin wounds extended from distal to the elbow joints to the carpi, with varying depths of underlying tissue exposed, including tendons and muscles. Prolonged wound care was performed over a 4‐week period, including frequent tissue debridement and dressing changes. Following this, full‐thickness skin grafts were harvested from the thoracic trunk, stripped of subcutaneous tissue, meshed and transplanted to the prepared recipient beds. After 6 weeks of subsequent bandage management, the wether was discharged from the hospital. The major complication during postoperative care was laxity of the flexor tendons secondary to the prolonged confinement and limb bandaging, which resolved with the use of custom‐made supportive prosthetic wedged hoof blocks with heel extensions. This is the first report of the use of full‐thickness meshed skin grafts in a caprine species.
Removal of naproxen from wastewater using chitosan–aerogel–activated carbon biocomposites: Theory, equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, and process optimization
Authors: Ozcan Nazli , Saygi Yalcin Berrin , Bilgin Simsek Esra , Saloglu Didem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the performance of chitosan–aerogel–activated carbon (CHT:AEO:AC) biocomposite as an adsorbent for the removal of naproxen from wastewater. Naproxen removal in % was 99, 33, 62, and 90 using 300 mg of raw AC, raw CHT, CHT:AEO, and CHT:AEO:AC, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), and Temkin isotherm models were used to obtain adsorption isotherms. Chi‐squared (χ2) and correlation coefficients (R2) values showed that the parameters of the Freundlich, Temkin, and D–R models were more suitable for naproxen adsorption than the Langmuir model for raw CHT, CHT:AEO, and CHT:AEO:AC, whereas the Langmuir model fitted well for raw AC. The adsorption of naproxen onto biocomposites was defined by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and adsorption rate constants were 0.245, 0.036, 0.075, and 0.147 mg g−1 min−1 for raw AC, raw CHT, CHT:AEO, and CHT:AEO:AC, respectively. The impact of optimum process conditions on naproxen adsorption was explored using response surface methodology. The optimum independent variables were 288.94 mg, 29.64°C, and 372.5 min, leading to a rate of naproxen removal onto CHT:AEO:AC of 90.29%.Practitioner Points
Naproxen adsorption from wastewater using chitosan–aerogel–activated carbon biocomposite (CHT:AEO:AC) was investigated.
The effects of the amount of biocomposite, temperature, and time on the adsorption were investigated.
Optimization of the process conditions was carried out using the response surface methodology.
On the light-ray algebra in conformal field theories
Authors: Korchemsky Gregory P. , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We analyze the commutation relations of light-ray operators in conformal field theories. We first establish the algebra of light-ray operators built out of higher spin currents in free CFTs and find explicit expressions for the corresponding structure constants. The resulting algebras are remarkably similar to the generalized Zamolodchikov’s W∞ algebra in a two-dimensional conformal field theory. We then compute the commutator of generalized energy flow operators in a generic, interacting CFTs in d > 2. We show that it receives contribution from the energy flow operator itself, as well as from the light-ray operators built out of scalar primary operators of dimension ∆ ≤ d − 2, that are present in the OPE of two stress-energy tensors. Commutators of light-ray operators considered in the present paper lead to CFT sum rules which generalize the superconvergence relations and naturally connect to the dispersive sum rules, both of which have been studied recently.
External leg corrections as an origin of large logarithms
Authors: Bahl Henning , Braathen Johannes , Weiglein Georg 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The appearance of large logarithmic corrections is a well-known phenomenon in the presence of widely separated mass scales. In this work, we point out the existence of large Sudakov-like logarithmic contributions related to external-leg corrections of heavy scalar particles which cannot be resummed straightforwardly using renormalisation group equations. Based on a toy model, we discuss in detail how these corrections appear in theories containing at least one light and one heavy particle that couple to each other with a potentially large trilinear coupling. We show how the occurrence of the large logarithms is related to infrared singularities. In addition to a discussion at the one-loop level, we also explicitly derive the two-loop corrections containing the large logarithms. We point out in this context the importance of choosing an on-shell-like renormalisation scheme. As exemplary applications, we present results for the two-loop external-leg corrections for the decay of a gluino into a scalar top quark and a top quark in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model as well as for a heavy Higgs boson decay into two tau leptons in the singlet-extended Two-Higgs-Doublet Model.
Nano ist groß!
Authors: Surber Christian , Plautz James , Osterwalder Uli 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit den 1950er-Jahren sind anorganische Sonnenschutzmittel mit mikronisiertem Titandioxid (TiO2) und Zinkoxid (ZnO) erhältlich. Deren kosmetische Akzeptanz blieb beschränkt, da sie als weiße Paste auf der Haut zurückbleiben. Durch Verkleinerung der Partikel in den Nanobereich unter 100 nm wurde deren optische Eigenschaft, sichtbares Licht zu reflektieren, verringert. Nach 2000 wurden auch organische Filter in dieser Größenordnung entwickelt. Die damals herrschende Begeisterung für Nanotechnologie übertrug sich nicht auf Sonnenschutzmittel mit nanopartikulären Filtern. Verbraucher vermuten, dass die Partikel durch die Haut dringen, vom Blut aufgenommen werden, sich im Körper verteilen und Krankheiten verursachen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund von Druck der Öffentlichkeit wurden Kosmetika – zu denen auch Sonnenschutzmittel gehören – das erste Produktsegment, in dem nanopartikuläre Stoffe strengen Regeln unterworfen wurden. Trotz fortschrittlicher Regulierung und strenger Zulassungsverfahren für nanopartikuläre Filter blieben Vorbehalte bestehen. Mögliche Gründe dafür sind mangelnde Kenntnisse über die geltenden Rechtsvorschriften oder Misstrauen gegenüber diesen, unklare Vorstellungen über das Verhalten von Nanopartikeln in Sonnenschutzmitteln und infolgedessen eine unklare Wahrnehmung von Gefahr, Risiko und Exposition. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden das Wesen und Verhalten von nanopartikulären Filtern in Sonnenschutzmitteln auf der Haut und potenziell in der Haut sowie der Regulierungsrahmen, der sicherstellt, dass nanopartikuläre Filter und die sie enthaltenden Sonnenschutzmittel sicher in der Anwendung sind, diskutiert.
Improved Sobolev regularity for linear nonlocal equations with VMO coefficients
Authors: Nowak Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work is concerned with both higher integrability and differentiability for linear nonlocal equations with possibly very irregular coefficients of VMO-type or even coefficients that are merely small in BMO. In particular, such coefficients might be discontinuous. While for corresponding local elliptic equations with VMO coefficients such a gain of Sobolev regularity along the differentiability scale is unattainable, it was already observed in previous works that gaining differentiability in our nonlocal setting is possible under less restrictive assumptions than in the local setting. In this paper, we follow this direction and show that under assumptions on the right-hand side that allow for an arbitrarily small gain of integrability, weak solutions$$u \in W^{s,2}$$u∈Ws,2in fact belong to$$W^{t,p}_{loc}$$Wloct,pforany$$s \le t < \min \{2s,1\}$$s≤t<min{2s,1}, where$$p>2$$p>2reflects the amount of integrability gained. In other words, our gain of differentiability does not depend on the amount of integrability we are able to gain. This extends numerous results in previous works, where either continuity of the coefficient was required or only an in general smaller gain of differentiability was proved.
A Rigorous Construction of the Supersymmetric Path Integral Associated to a Compact Spin Manifold
Authors: Hanisch Florian , Ludewig Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe give a rigorous construction of the path integral in $${\mathcal {N}}=1/2$$

N
=
1
/
2

supersymmetry as an integral map for differential forms on the loop space of a compact spin manifold. It is defined on the space of differential forms which can be represented by extended iterated integrals in the sense of Chen and Getzler–Jones–Petrack. Via the iterated integral map, we compare our path integral to the non-commutative loop space Chern character of Güneysu and the second author. Our theory provides a rigorous background to various formal proofs of the Atiyah–Singer index theorem for twisted Dirac operators using supersymmetric path integrals, as investigated by Alvarez-Gaumé, Atiyah, Bismut and Witten.
Synthetic CT for the planning of MR-HIFU treatment of bone metastases in pelvic and femoral bones: a feasibility study
Authors: Lena Beatrice , Florkow Mateusz C. , Ferrer Cyril J. , van Stralen Marijn , Seevinck Peter R. , Vonken Evert-Jan P. A. , Boomsma Martijn F. , Slotman Derk J. , Viergever Max A. , Moonen Chrit T. W. , Bos Clemens , Bartels Lambertus W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Visualization of the bone distribution is an important prerequisite for MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRI-HIFU) treatment planning of bone metastases. In this context, we evaluated MRI-based synthetic CT (sCT) imaging for the visualization of cortical bone.

Methods
MR and CT images of nine patients with pelvic and femoral metastases were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The metastatic lesions were osteolytic, osteoblastic or mixed. sCT were generated from pre-treatment or treatment MR images using a UNet-like neural network. sCT was qualitatively and quantitatively compared to CT in the bone (pelvis or femur) containing the metastasis and in a region of interest placed on the metastasis itself, through mean absolute difference (MAD), mean difference (MD), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and root mean square surface distance (RMSD).

Results
The dataset consisted of 3 osteolytic, 4 osteoblastic and 2 mixed metastases. For most patients, the general morphology of the bone was well represented in the sCT images and osteolytic, osteoblastic and mixed lesions could be discriminated. Despite an average timespan between MR and CT acquisitions of 61 days, in bone, the average (± standard deviation) MAD was 116 ± 26 HU, MD − 14 ± 66 HU, DSC 0.85 ± 0.05, and RMSD 2.05 ± 0.48 mm and, in the lesion, MAD was 132 ± 62 HU, MD − 31 ± 106 HU, DSC 0.75 ± 0.2, and RMSD 2.73 ± 2.28 mm.

Conclusions
Synthetic CT images adequately depicted the cancellous and cortical bone distribution in the different lesion types, which shows its potential for MRI-HIFU treatment planning.

Key Points
• Synthetic computed tomography was able to depict bone distribution in metastatic lesions.
• Synthetic computed tomography images intrinsically aligned with treatment MR images may have the potential to facilitate MR-HIFU treatment planning of bone metastases, by combining visualization of soft tissues and cancellous and cortical bone.