bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infections and implications for hepatitis C virus elimination in Germany
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Blach Sarah , Tacke Frank , Berg Thomas , Cornberg Markus , Kautz Achim , Manns Michael , Razavi Homie , Sarrazin Christoph , Serfert Yvonne , van Thiel Ingo , Zeuzem Stefan , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2014, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology and disease burden in Germany. Since then, there have been considerable developments in HCV management such as the implementation of direct acting antivirals. The aim of this analysis was to assess the recent data available for Germany, establish an updated 2020 HCV prevalence and cascade of care and evaluate the impact of what‐if scenarios on the future burden of disease using modelling analysis. A dynamic Markov model was used to forecast the HCV disease burden in Germany. Model inputs were retrieved through literature review, unpublished sources and expert input. Next, three “what‐if” scenarios were developed to evaluate the status quo, COVID‐19 pandemic, and steps needed to achieve the WHO targets for elimination. At the beginning of 2020, there were 189,000 (95% UI: 76,700–295,000) viremic infections in Germany, a decline of more than 85,000 viremic infections since 2012. Annual treatment starts went down since 2015. Compared with 2019, the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a further 11% decline in 2020. If this continues for two years, it could result in 110 excess HCC cases and 200 excess liver related deaths by 2030. To achieve the WHO targets, 81,200 people need to be diagnosed, with 118,600 initiated on treatment by 2030. This could also avert 1,020 deaths and 720 HCC cases between 2021 and 2030. Germany has made strides towards HCV elimination, but more efforts are needed to achieve the WHO targets by 2030.
Formation of chondrule fine‐grained rims from local nebular reservoirs
Authors: Pinto Gabriel A. , Marrocchi Yves , Jacquet Emmanuel , Olivares Felipe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChondrules are commonly surrounded by fine‐grained rims (FGRs) whose origin remains highly debated; both nebular and parent body settings are generally proposed. Deciphering their origin, however, is of fundamental importance as they could clarify the matrix–chondrule relationship and thus constrain the formation and transport conditions of chondrules in the circumsolar disk. Here, we report a systematic survey of FGRs in CO, CM, CV, and CR chondrites; we compare (i) the thickness of FGRs to the size of their host chondrules and (ii) the frequency of FGRs to the modal abundance of matrix in the respective host chondrites. Although FGRs show textural variations depending on the petrologic type of the considered chondrites, our data show a positive correlation between apparent rim thickness and the radius of the host chondrule in all chondrite groups. We also found a positive correlation between the evaluated percentages of rimmed chondrules and the modal abundance of matrix material in the chondrites. We show that this relationship could not result from parent body processes, whether matrix compaction or FGR fragmentation. Therefore, we propose that FGRs were accreted under warm conditions at the end of chondrule‐forming events. Our results thus support (i) a nebular origin for FGR, whose abundances are directly related to the abundance of available dust in regions of chondrite accretion; and (ii) the accretion of chondrites from locally formed chondrules and matrix, suggesting limited radial transport in the protoplanetary disk.
Visual functions associated with on‐road performance by older drivers evaluated by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist
Authors: Swain Thomas A. , McGwin Gerald , Owsley Cynthia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess associations between visual function and on‐road driving performance evaluated by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist (CDRS).MethodsAdults aged 70 and older enrolled and completed assessments of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual processing speed, visual field sensitivity, motion perception and spatial ability. At follow‐up, on‐road driving performance was evaluated on a 15‐mile route. Age‐adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to associate worse CDRS composite score and CDRS global rating for those with poorer visual function compared to those with better scores and ratings.ResultsFor the 144 participants who enrolled, completed vision testing and the on‐road driving evaluation, the mean age was 79.2 (5.1) and 45.8% were female. The odds of worse CDRS global rating and composite score were significantly associated with moderately and severely impaired visual processing speed under divided attention (all p < 0.05). Those with poorer motion perception were at greater odds of a worse CDRS composite score (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.14–6.26).ConclusionsThe CDRS composite score of on‐road driving performance by older adults was associated with slowed visual processing and impaired motion perception, suggesting that older driver performance, as rated by a CDRS, relies on visual skills. The CDRS global rating was also associated with impaired visual processing speed. The literature suggests impairments in these same visual functions elevate crash risk. While the results provide additional evidence suggesting these functional measures are associated with driving, further work is needed to identify and assess visual measures most closely related to driving safety and performance among older adults to better inform interventions, policy and future research.
Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome associated with severe hypocalcemia in a newborn
Authors: Dykman Morgan , Voller Lindsey Marie , Boull Christina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome is rare X‐linked dominant syndrome associated with stippled epiphyseal calcifications, congenital cataracts, Blaschkoid ichthyosiform scaling, and follicular atrophoderma. This case describes a novel finding of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism in an infant with Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome.
Enhanced nitrate reductase activity offers Arabidopsis ecotype Landsberg erecta better salt stress resistance than Col‐0
Authors: Lee S. , Choi J. H. , Truong H. A. , Lee Y. J. , Lee H. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

The nitrogen utilization efficiency of plants varies depending on the plant species. In modern agriculture, nitrogen fertilizer is used to increase crop production, with the amount of fertilizer addition increasing steadily worldwide.

This study included the two most used ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Col‐0, which were used to identify differences at the molecular level. We found that the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and salt stress resistance differed between these two ecotypes of the same species.

We demonstrated distinct salt stress resistance between Ler and Col‐0 depending on the differences in nitrate level, which was explained by different regulation of the NIA2 gene expression in these two ecotypes.

Our results demonstrate that the genes and promoters regulate expression of these genes and contribute to trait differences. Further studies are required on genes and promoter elements for an improved understanding of the salinity stress resistance mechanism in plants.
For whom the bell tolls: Party mediation effects on economic voting in a large democratic federation
Authors: Fernandes Ivan Filipe , Fernandes Gustavo Andrey De Almeida Lopes , Zimerman Artur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the effect of economic growth on executive elections in the context of a multilevel governance structure and how party ties across federal, state, and local levels affect the relationship, using data from Brazilian municipalities. We test the hypothesis that the president is the main politician accountable for economic performance, measured by local growth, and that party politics moderates the evaluation of the economic performance of state governors and the president. Our research shows that there is a high degree of interdependence between levels of government in the evaluation of economic performance. We highlight how party alliances strongly moderate the economic performance effects at the different levels. Using aggregate local level‐municipality panel data and fixed effects estimations, we show that the previous year's economic growth positively impacts the percentage of votes obtained by the incumbent in the presidential elections and that those effects are higher in states whose governors are allied to the president.Related ArticlesOndetti, Gabriel. 2008. “Up and Down with the Agrarian Question: Issue Attention and Land Reform in Contemporary Brazil.”Politics & Policy36(4): 510–41.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00120.xSegatto, Catarina Ianni, and Daniel Béland. 2018. “The Limits of Partisanship: Federalism, the Role of Bureaucrats, and the Path to Universal Health Care Coverage in Brazil.”Politics & Policy46(3): 416–41.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12252Zimerman, Artur, and Flávio Pinheiro. 2020. “Appearances can be Deceptive: Political Polarization, Agrarian Policy, and Coalitional Presidentialism in Brazil.”Politics & Policy48(2): 339–71.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12345
Adolescents and young adults differ in their neural response to and recognition of adolescent and adult emotional faces
Authors: Sandre Aislinn , Morningstar Michele , Farrell‐Reeves Alison , Dirks Melanie , Weinberg Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeer relationships become increasingly important during adolescence. The success of these relationships may rely on the ability to attend to and decode subtle or ambiguous emotional expressions that are common in social interactions. However, most studies examining youths’ processing and labeling of facial emotion have employed adult faces and faces that depict emotional extremes as stimuli. In this study, 40 adolescents and 40 young adults viewed blends of angry‐neutral, fearful‐neutral, and happy‐neutral faces (e.g., 100% angry, 66% angry, 33% angry, neutral) portrayed by adolescent and adult actors as electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants also labeled these faces according to the emotion expressed (i.e., angry, fearful, happy, or neutral). The Late Positive Potential (LPP), an event‐related potential (ERP) component that reflects sustained attention to motivationally salient information, was scored from the EEG following face presentation. Among adolescents, as peer‐age faces moved from ambiguous (33%) to unambiguous (100%) emotional expression, the LPP similarly increased. These effects were not found when adolescents viewed emotional face blends portrayed by adult actors. Additionally, while both adolescents and young adults showed greater emotion labeling accuracy as faces increased in emotional intensity from ambiguous to unambiguous emotional expression, adolescent participants did not show greater accuracy when labeling peer‐compared to adult‐age faces. Together, these data suggest that adolescents attend more to subtle differences in peer‐age emotional faces, but they do not label these emotional expressions more accurately than adults.
A Compound Droplet Undergoing Thermocapillary Migration Passing Through a Constricted Tube
Authors: Nguyen Vinh T. , Vu Truong V. , Nguyen Phan H. , Nguyen Hoe D. , Pham Binh D. , Vu Hung V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we numerically investigate the dynamics of a compound droplet driven by surface tension variation induced by a thermal gradient in a sinusoidal constriction tube. Initially, the compound droplet with a concentric inner core is spherical and placed in the constriction's upstream region at a low temperature. As time progresses, it migrates downstream with a high temperature. Due to the constriction, the droplet is slowed down in the upstream region and accelerated again right after passing the constriction. This acceleration maximizes the eccentricity. However, the constriction results in an increase in the maximum eccentricity when increasing its depth to a value corresponding to the size of the tube neck, which is greater than or equal to the droplet size. Effects of various parameters, e.g., the Marangoni number Ma, the capillary number Ca, and the radius ratio Rio, are studied. It is found that increasing the Ma number or decreasing the Ca number reduces the maximum eccentricity and prolongs the travel time, i.e., the arrival time, from the upstream to the downstream. A similar reduction in the maximum eccentricity also occurs with the increased Rio ratio. Effects of these parameters on the migration velocity are also revealed.
A student-led, interprofessional care, community-based healthcare service: Student, clinical educator and client perceptions of interprofessional care and education
Authors: Beckman Emma M , Mandrusiak Allison , Forbes Roma , Mitchell Leander , Tower Marion , Cunningham Brent , Lewis Peter 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Interprofessional clinical placements present an opportunity for students to enhance their competence in interprofessional practice. Student-led clinics have been shown to be effective for a variety of outcomes, but the experience of students in relation to their development of skills and the perspectives of clinical educators and clients are unknown. This study aimed to investigate student, clinical educator and client experiences, along with perspectives of interprofessional care and interprofessional education in an interprofessional, community-based health service.Methods: This study implemented a mixed methods design through the administration of self-report surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders, including students undertaking full-time placements, clinical educators and clients, in 2019. Survey data were analysed quantitatively, and qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis.Results: Students reported increased confidence to deliver interprofessional care and attributed this in part to their clinical educators. Clinical educators felt equipped and prepared to deliver interprofessional education activities and displayed high levels of confidence in their ability to provide feedback. Clients were confident in the students’ abilities to be involved in their care and understood the role of the educators. Clients also acknowledged an appreciation of teamwork between students.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate an interprofessional student-led clinical placement increased student confidence in their ability to deliver interprofessional care and emphasised the role of the clinical educator. The perspectives of clients in this paper provide a unique and important viewpoint when considering models of clinical placements that are interprofessional in nature.
Differences in Performance Assessments Conducted Indoors and Outdoors in Professional Cyclists
Authors: Lipski Elliot S. , Spindler David J. , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Myers Tony D. , Sanders Dajo 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between typical performance tests among elite and professional cyclists when conducted indoors and outdoors. Methods: Fourteen male cyclists of either UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) Continental or UCI World Tour level (mean [SD] age 20.9 [2.8] y, mass 68.13 [7.25] kg) were recruited to participate in 4 test sessions (2 indoors and 2 outdoors) within a 14-day period, consisting of maximum mean power testing for durations of 60, 180, 300, and 840 seconds. Results: Across all maximum mean power test durations, the trimmed mean power was higher outdoors compared with indoor testing (P < .05). Critical power was higher outdoors compared with indoors (+19 W, P = .005), while no difference was observed for the work capacity above critical power. Self-selected cadence was 6 rpm higher indoors versus outdoors for test durations of 60 (P = .038) and 300 seconds (P = .002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that maximal power testing in indoor and outdoor settings cannot be used interchangeably. Furthermore, there was substantial individual variation in the difference between indoor and outdoor maximum mean powers across all time durations, further highlighting the difficulty of translating results from indoor testing to outdoor on an individual level in elite populations.
Strength and Athletic Adaptations Produced by 4 Programming Models: A Velocity-Based Intervention Using a Real-Context Routine
Authors: Martínez-Cava Alejandro , Hernández-Belmonte Alejandro , Pallarés Jesús G. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To compare the strength and athletic adaptations induced by 4 programming models. Methods: Fifty-two men were allocated into 1 of the following models: linear programming (intensity increased while intraset volume decreased), undulating programming (intensity and intraset volume were varied in each session or set of sessions), reverse programming (intensity decreased while intraset volume increased), or constant programming (intensity and intraset volume kept constant throughout the training plan). All groups completed a 10-week resistance-training program made up of the free-weight bench press, squat, deadlift, prone bench pull, and shoulder press exercises. The 4 models used the same frequency (2 sessions per week), number of sets (3 per exercise), interset recoveries (4 min), and average intensity throughout the intervention (77.5%). The velocity-based method was used to accurately adjust the planned intensity for each model. Results: The 4 programming models exhibited significant pre–post changes in most strength variables analyzed. When considering the effect sizes for the 5 exercises trained, we observed that the undulating programming (mean effect size = 0.88–2.92) and constant programming (mean effect size = 0.61–1.65) models induced the highest and lowest strength enhancements, respectively. Moreover, the 4 programming models were found to be effective to improve performance during shorter (jump and sprint tests) and longer (upper- and lower-limb Wingate test) anaerobic tasks, with no significant differences between them. Conclusion: The linear, undulating, reverse, and constant programming models are similarly effective to improve strength and athletic performance when they are implemented in a real-context routine.
National rates and disparities in childhood vaccination and vaccine-preventable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: English sentinel network retrospective database study
Authors: Hoang Uy , de Lusignan Simon , Joy Mark , Sherlock Julian , Williams John , Bankhead Clare , Howsam Gary , Thomas Mark , Snape Matthew D , Hobbs F D Richard , Pollard Andrew J 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo describe rates and variation in uptake of pneumococcal and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines in children and associated change in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) across the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRetrospective database study of all children aged <19 registered with a general practice in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre English national sentinel surveillance network between 2 November 2015 and 18 July 2021.ResultsCoverage of booster dose of pneumococcal vaccine decreased from 94.5% (95% CI 94.3% to 94.7%) at its height on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) week 47 (2020) to 93.6% (95% CI 93.4% to 93.8%) by the end of the study. Coverage of second dose of MMR decreased from 85.0% (95% CI 84.7% to 85.3%) at its height on ISO week 37 (2020) to 84.1% (95% CI 83.8% to 84.4%) by the end of the study. The break point in trends for MMR was at ISO week 34 (2020) (95% CI weeks 32–37 (2020)), while for pneumococcal vaccine the break point was later at ISO week 3 (2021) (95% CI week 53 (2020) to week 8 (2021)). Vaccination coverage for children of white ethnicity was less likely to decrease than other ethnicities. Rates of consultation for VPDs fell and remained low since August 2020.ConclusionChildhood vaccination rates started to fall ahead of the onset of the second wave; this fall is accentuating ethnic, socioeconomic and geographical disparities in vaccine uptake and risks widening health disparities. Social distancing and school closures may have contributed to lower rates of associated VPDs, but there may be increased risk as these measures are removed.
Association of kyphotic posture with loss of independence and mortality in a community-based prospective cohort study: the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS)
Authors: Hijikata Yasukazu , Kamitani Tsukasa , Sekiguchi Miho , Otani Koji , Konno Shin-ichi , Takegami Misa , Fukuhara Shunichi , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between kyphotic posture and future loss of independence (LOI) and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTwo Japanese municipalities.ParticipantsWe enrolled 2193 independent community-dwelling older adults aged≥65 years at the time of their baseline health check-up in 2008. Kyphotic posture was evaluated using the wall-occiput test (WOT) and classified into three categories: non-kyphotic, mild (>0 and ≤4 cm) and severe (>4 cm).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was mortality and the secondary outcomes were LOI (new long-term care insurance certification levels 1–5) and a composite of LOI and mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted HRs (aHRs).ResultsOf the 2193 subjects enrolled, 1621 were included in the primary analysis. Among these, 272 (17%) and 202 (12%) were diagnosed with mild and severe kyphotic postures, respectively. The median follow-up time was 5.8 years. Compared with the non-kyphotic group, the aHRs for mortality were 1.17 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.96) and 1.99 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.30) in the mild and severe kyphotic posture groups, respectively. In the secondary analysis, a consistent association was observed for LOI (mild: aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.55; severe: aHR 2.08, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.10) and the LOI-mortality composite (mild: aHR 1.27, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.79; severe: aHR 1.83, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.56).ConclusionKyphotic posture was associated with LOI and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Identifying the population with kyphotic posture using the WOT might help improve community health.