bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐node assumed strain Mindlin plate finite elements
Authors: Grbac Marin , Ribarić Dragan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo new three‐node Mindlin plate finite elements are presented, both based on the two‐node Timoshenko beam element with problem‐dependent cubic linked interpolation. They are developed by generalising a constant shear strain expression of the Timoshenko beam element with rotational fields either derived in a way that makes the whole formulation kinematically consistent, or interpolated independently. Results from the numerical examples indicate robustness and high performance of the presented elements, with no shear locking, which makes them suitable for the analysis of very thin to thick plate cases. Furthermore, one of the presented elements passes the patch test for the constant bending state regardless of the element size. Ultimately, the presented elements are effective and suitable for practical application.
How Do EQ-5D-5L Value Sets Differ?
Authors: Roudijk Bram , Janssen Bas , Olsen Jan Abel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to explore the differences in EQ-5D-5L value sets between countries/areas, and to investigate whether common patterns can be identified between them. EQ-5D-5L value sets for 25 countries/areas were extracted from published literature. These national value sets were compared on key characteristics, such as: the relative importance of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions; the value scale length and the distribution of values over the value scale. Using these characteristics, distinct preference patterns were identified for Asian, Eastern European and Western countries/areas. The Asian countries/areas were split into East Asian and Southeast Asian countries/areas, as these subgroups shared similar characteristics. Using mean values for countries/areas with similar preference patterns, several aggregate value sets were generated. These aggregate value sets describe mean values for all 3125 health states described by the EQ-5D-5L for countries/areas with similar preference patterns. Applying these values to EQ-5D-5L profile data for 7933 respondents in an international survey showed that these aggregate value sets represent the individual national value sets relatively well. This chapter identified large differences between value sets, yet was able to identify common preference patterns between selected countries/areas.
Where Next for EQ-5D-5L National Value Sets and the EQ-VT Protocol?
Authors: Norman Richard , Devlin Nancy , Stolk Elly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the future of EQ-5D-5L valuation studies, going beyond the value sets summarised in this book. This includes a number of linked themes. First, the EQ-5D-5L valuation research programme has allowed the continued evolution of methods, as methodological studies have demonstrated that aspects of the EQ-VT protocol could be strengthened or improved. This chapter describes some of the key candidates for future refinement of the methods for valuing EQ-5D-5L. Second, while the standardisation of valuation methodology is important, it is anticipated that many countries may require a less resource-intensive, but still rigorous version of the valuation protocol. This chapter outlines the progress towards developing a ‘lite’ version of the EQ-VT protocol, and considers the future possibility of valuation protocols based exclusively on discrete choice experiments, with accompanying strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the ‘shelf-life’ of value sets is considered, along with how demographic and other societal changes may manifest in how people value health, and the implications of that for the need to update EQ-5D-5L value sets.
Quantifying Explainability in Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring
Authors: Stevens Alexander , De Smedt Johannes , Peeperkorn Jari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe growing interest in applying machine and deep learning algorithms in an Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring (OOPPM) context has recently fuelled a shift to use models from the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) paradigm, a field of study focused on creating explainability techniques on top of AI models in order to legitimize the predictions made. Nonetheless, most classification models are evaluated primarily on a performance level, where XAI requires striking a balance between either simple models (e.g. linear regression) or models using complex inference structures (e.g. neural networks) with post-processing to calculate feature importance. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of predictive models with varying intrinsic complexity are measured based on explainability with model-agnostic quantitative evaluation metrics. To this end, explainability is designed as a symbiosis between interpretability and faithfulness and thereby allowing to compare inherently created explanations (e.g. decision tree rules) with post-hoc explainability techniques (e.g. Shapley values) on top of AI models. Moreover, two improved versions of the logistic regression model capable of capturing non-linear interactions and both inherently generating their own explanations are proposed in the OOPPM context. These models are benchmarked with two common state-of-the-art models with post-hoc explanation techniques in the explainability-performance space.
Probability Estimation of Uncertain Process Trace Realizations
Authors: Pegoraro Marco , Bakullari Bianka , Uysal Merih Seran , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProcess mining is a scientific discipline that analyzes event data, often collected in databases called event logs. Recently, uncertain event logs have become of interest, which contain non-deterministic and stochastic event attributes that may represent many possible real-life scenarios. In this paper, we present a method to reliably estimate the probability of each of such scenarios, allowing their analysis. Experiments show that the probabilities calculated with our method closely match the true chances of occurrence of specific outcomes, enabling more trustworthy analyses on uncertain data.
Interactive Process Mining Applied in a Cardiology Outpatient Department
Authors: Lull Juan José , Cid-Menéndez Adrián , Ibanez-Sanchez Gema , Sanchez Pedro Luis , Bayo-Monton Jose Luis , Traver Vicente , Fernandez-Llatas Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiology departments receive many outpatients from primary care services and it is necessary to differentiate which patients need special attention. One-stop clinics were deployed in a hospital in Salamanca (Spain) to triage such patients, separating those who needed further examination and those who were discharged.Data (covering December 2018—August 2020) was explored and there was an iterative process in which clinicians, process miners and technical staff at the hospital interacted in special interviews or Data Rodeos. Interactive Process Indicators (IPIs) were generated. During Data Rodeos data quality problems arose and were tackled, input data was cleaned and preconditioned, process activities were discovered and modelled.The original assumption that the iterative implementation of the IPI would allow clinicians and managers to have a deeper understanding of the one-stop cardiology clinics process, was evaluated and validated by them. After each iteration, they found that the IPI was more useful and near to the reality they see everyday.The final IPI was easy to interpret by the clinicians. In the end, many key indicators were extracted, but most importantly, clinicians had a comprehensive tool that they could use by themselves, without technical assistance, to extract and interpret different indicators at any time, providing a high-quality source of information to improve patient-centered daily medical care.
Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Process Mining: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Pery Andrew , Rafiei Majid , Simon Michael , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe premise of this paper is that compliance with Trustworthy AI governance best practices and regulatory frameworks is an inherently fragmented process spanning across diverse organizational units, external stakeholders, and systems of record, resulting in process uncertainties and in compliance gaps that may expose organizations to reputational and regulatory risks. Moreover, there are complexities associated with meeting the specific dimensions of Trustworthy AI best practices such as data governance, conformance testing, quality assurance of AI model behaviors, transparency, accountability, and confidentiality requirements. These processes involve multiple steps, hand-offs, re-works, and human-in-the-loop oversight. In this paper, we demonstrate that process mining can provide a useful framework for gaining fact-based visibility to AI compliance process execution, surfacing compliance bottlenecks, and providing for an automated approach to analyze, remediate and monitor uncertainty in AI regulatory compliance processes.
Analyzing Multi-level BOM-Structured Event Data
Authors: Brockhoff Tobias , Uysal Merih Seran , Terrier Isabelle , Göhner Heiko , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the advent of Industry 4.0, increasing amounts of data on operational processes (e.g., manufacturing processes) become available. These processes can involve hundreds of different materials for a relatively small number of manufactured special-purpose machines rendering classical process discovery and analysis techniques infeasible. However, in contrast to most standard business processes, additional structural information is often available—for example, Bills of Materials (BOMs), listing the required materials, or Multi-level Manufacturing Bills of Materials (M2BOMs), which additionally show the material composition. This work investigates how structural information given by Multi-level Bills of Materials (M2BOMs) can be integrated into a top-down operational process analysis framework to improve special-purpose machine manufacturing processes. The approach is evaluated on industrial-scale printer assembly data provided by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
Knowing, Unknowing, and Re-knowing
Authors: Hoeyer Klaus , Winthereik Brit Ross 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost technologies are knowledge-intensive, and contemporary knowledge production is often technology-intensive. Hence, knowledge practices are a central theme for a handbook for the anthropology of technology. Knowledge about knowing has mostly been considered a branch of philosophy or alternatively of theology. In this section we argue that the study of knowledge practices is part of both the foundation of the anthropological discipline and its future as we attend to technology-mediated forms of knowing, unknowing, and re-knowing. The section highlights the variations and multiplicities of knowing. It shows that studying knowledge and forms of knowing implies exploring forms of unknowing and ignorance. The seven contributions to this section present research on processes through which knowledge is made, what becomes silenced in the process, and how anthropology often holds a special role in bringing such lost insights or alternative forms of knowing back into the light. Each of the chapters presents a unique take on human engagement with knowledge and technologies of knowing, thereby continuing a long tradition of studying the production of knowledge as socially embedded and materially ingrained.
Lightcone bootstrap at higher points
Authors: Antunes António , Costa Miguel S. , Gonçalves Vasco , Boas João Vilas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Higher-point functions of scalar operators are a rich observable in CFTs, as they contain OPE data involving multiple spinning operators. We derive the lightcone blocks for five- and six-point functions in the snowflake channel and use them to bootstrap these correlators in the lightcone limit. As a result we determine the large spin expansion of OPE coefficients involving two or three spinning operators. We verify our results by comparing to the block decomposition of higher-point functions in generalized free theory and in theories with a cubic coupling.
Deconfining $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs or the art of brane bending
Authors: Etxebarria Iñaki García , Heidenreich Ben , Lotito Matteo , Sorout Ajit Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We introduce a systematic approach to constructing $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lagrangians for a class of interacting $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs. We analyse in detail the simplest case of the construction, arising from placing branes at an orientifolded ℂ2/ℤ2 singularity. In this way we obtain Lagrangian descriptions for all the R2,k theories. The rank one theories in this class are the E6 Minahan-Nemeschansky theory and the C2 × U(1) Argyres-Wittig theory. The Lagrangians that arise from our brane construction manifestly exhibit either the entire expected flavour symmetry group of the SCFT (for even k) or a full-rank subgroup thereof (for odd k), so we can compute the full superconformal index of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs, and also systematically identify the Higgsings associated to partial closing of punctures.
Bootstrapping boundary-localized interactions II. Minimal models at the boundary
Authors: Behan Connor , Di Pietro Lorenzo , Lauria Edoardo , van Rees Balt C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We provide evidence for the existence of non-trivial unitary conformal boundary conditions for a three-dimensional free scalar field, which can be obtained via a coupling to the m’th unitary diagonal minimal model. For large m we can demonstrate the existence of the fixed point perturbatively, and for smaller values we use the numerical conformal bootstrap to obtain a sharp kink that smoothly matches onto the perturbative predictions. The wider numerical analysis also yields universal bounds for the spectrum of any other boundary condition for the free scalar field. A second kink in these bounds hints at a second class of non-standard boundary conditions, as yet unidentified.
Classical and quantum gravitational scattering with Generalized Wilson Lines
Authors: Bonocore D. , Kulesza A. , Pirsch J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The all-order structure of scattering amplitudes is greatly simplified by the use of Wilson line operators, describing eikonal emissions from straight lines extending to infinity. A generalization at subleading powers in the eikonal expansion, known as Generalized Wilson Line (GWL), has been proposed some time ago, and has been applied both in QCD phenomenology and in the high energy limits of gravitational amplitudes. In this paper we revisit the construction of the scalar gravitational GWL starting from first principles in the worldline formalism. We identify the correct Hamiltonian that leads to a simple correspondence between the soft expansion and the weak field expansion. This allows us to isolate the terms in the GWL that are relevant in the classical limit. In doing so we devote special care to the regularization of UV divergences that were not discussed in an earlier derivation. We also clarify the relation with a parallel body of work that recently investigated the classical limit of scattering amplitudes in gravity in the worldline formalism.
Strategien und Effekte digitaler Interventionen bei der Übergewichts- und Adipositastherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein systematischer Review
Authors: Pawellek Sabine , Ziegeldorf Alexandra , Wulff Hagen 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Steigende Adipositasprävalenzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind geprägt von ungesunden Lebensweisen wie geringer Bewegung durch hohen Medienkonsum. Neueste Studien nutzen die Erreichbarkeit dieser Zielgruppe durch digitale Medien, womit Technologien neue Ansätze in der Interventionsgestaltung der Gewichtsreduktion darstellen. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, welche digitalen Kombinationen und methodischen Programmkonzepte effektive Body-Mass-Index(BMI)-Veränderungen bedingen.

Ziel
Um Erkenntnisse über effektive Maßnahmengestaltung und Medieneinsatz zu gewinnen, sollen digitale Interventionsstrategien zur BMI-Reduktion übergewichtiger Kinder und Jugendlicher analysiert und bewertet werden.

Methoden
Ein systematischer Review wurde in den Datenbanken Medline via PubMed, Science Direct und Web of Science zur Analyse von Studien aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2021 über Veränderungen im BMI und BMI-Z-Score von übergewichtigen und adipösen 6‑ bis 18-Jährigen durchgeführt. Die methodische Studienqualität wurde nach den Richtlinien des Cochrane Risk of Bias bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Aus 3974 Studien wurden 7 Artikel identifiziert, die den Einsatz von Fitnessarmbändern, Smartphones und computerbasierten Programmen beschreiben. Alle Medien erzielten BMI-Reduktionen, wobei Smartphoneinterventionen via Anrufe und Nachrichten die signifikantesten Veränderungen bewirkten.

Diskussion
Smartphones bieten als Anbieter digitaler Programme (z. B. Apps) effektive Ansatzpunkte zur Adipositasreduktion. Auf Basis der Datenlage bestätigt sich neben der Auswahl und der Kombination mehrerer Medien die Relevanz des Familieneinbezugs und die methodische Fundierung der Maßnahmen. Aufgrund des jungen Alters der Teilnehmenden müssen mediale Interventionen zielgruppengerecht zugänglich gemacht werden.
Lattice structures in stainless steel 17-4PH manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM) process: dimensional accuracy, satellites formation, compressive response and printing parameters optimization
Authors: Bertocco Alcide , Iannitti Gianluca , Caraviello Antonio , Esposito Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy the term, lattice structures are intended topologically ordered open-celled structures consisting of one or more repeating unit cells. Technological development and especially the growth of the additive manufacturing (AM) industry allows innovative structural design, including complex lattice structure. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an AM process that enables the manufacture of space filling structures. This work investigated the influence of the most important process parameter settings on lattices printability, focusing on the geometrical accuracy, the quantity of powders adhered to the main frame (satellites) and their compression behaviour. The process parameters such as the laser power, scan speed and layer height affect vigorously the design, quality and mechanical properties of the part. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how different parameter combinations affect the cellular structures’ printing. Twenty-four lattice structures with cubic and rhombic dodecahedron unit cells made of stainless steel 17-4PH (AISI-630) were printed using different combinations of SLM process parameters. Each structure was analysed considering its geometrical, topological and mechanical properties. Finally, the best parameter combination was evaluated comparing results achieved. Although this work investigated the 17-4PH stainless steel, physical principles related to the printing process described are generally true for the SLM process. Therefore, the adopted approach could still be suitable also for all the other materials commonly used with this AM technology.
Bonding integrity of hybrid 18Ni300-17-4 PH steel using the laser powder bed fusion process for the fabrication of plastic injection mould inserts
Authors: Chan Yuk Lun Simon , Diegel Olaf , Xu Xun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process for fabricating high-performance functional parts and tools in various metallic alloys, such as titanium, aluminium and tool steels. One specific AM application is fabricating conformal cooling channels (CCC) in plastic injection moulding tool inserts to improve cooling efficiency. This article reports the development of a novel hybrid powder-wrought alloy steel combination intended for injection mould inserts use. In this investigation, cylindrical parts made of 18Ni300 steel powder and wrought 17-4 PH steel were additively fabricated using a hybrid-build LPBF AM technique, followed by various post-build heat treatments. Standard mechanical and microstructural techniques were employed to examine the bonded powder-substrate interface. Microstructure analysis revealed defect-free, fully dense, homogenous powder-substrate fusion across a 280-µm-thick region. Tensile tests confirmed strong powder-substrate bonding due to solid solution strengthening within the region. All tensile fractures were ductile under all heat treatment conditions and occurred about 8 mm from the interface, at the side where the materials were of lower strength. The hybrid-built parts exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 1009–1329 MPa, with 16.1–17.4% elongation at fracture. Hardness values on the AM-deposited and substrate sides were 31–55 HRC and 32–43 HRC, respectively. A direct post-build 490 °C/1 h age-hardening treatment achieved the best combination of hardness, tensile strength and ductility. The overall result demonstrates that hybrid-built powder 18Ni300-wrought 17-4 PH steel can be a material choice for manufacturing durable and high-performance injection mould inserts for high-volume production.
Changes in the lipid profile of hamster liver after Schistosoma mansoni infection, characterized by mass spectrometry imaging and LC–MS/MS analysis
Authors: Wiedemann Katja R. , Peter Ventura Alejandra , Gerbig Stefanie , Roderfeld Martin , Quack Thomas , Grevelding Christoph G. , Roeb Elke , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis, caused by the human parasiteSchistosoma mansoni, is one of the WHO-listed neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and it has severe impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Not only the adult worms but also their eggs are responsible for health problems. Up to 50% of the eggs produced by the female worms are not excreted with the feces but are trapped in the host tissue, such as the liver, where they provoke immune responses and a change in the lipid profile. We built up a database with 372 infection markers found in livers ofS. mansoni-infected hamsters, using LC–MS/MS for identification, followed by statistical analysis. Most of them belong to the lipid classes of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and triglycerides (TGs). We assigned some of these markers to specific anatomical structures by applying high-resolution MALDI MSI to cryosections of hamster liver and generating ion images based on the marker list from the LC–MS/MS experiments. Furthermore, enrichment and depletion of several markers were visualized.Graphic Abstract