bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proper Head Rotation when Performing Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: An Orthometric Consideration Based on Preoperative MRI
Authors: Ko Hak-cheol , Lee Seung Hwan , Shin Hee Sup 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The classic surgical position for microvascular decompression (MVD) is lateral decubitus with the head rotated 10 degrees away from the affected side. In this study, we measured the angles of the posterior fossa, specifically focusing on the surgical corridors used in MVD surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS), to identify the proper surgical position.
Method The following parameters were assessed on preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI): petrous angle (PA), sigmoid angle (SA), sigmoid diameter (SD), and root exit zone–sigmoid sinus edge angle (REZ-SEA).
Results The mean PA was 59.7 ± 5.6 degrees, SA was 16.8 ± 8.6 degrees, SD was 13.4 ± 3.5 mm, and the mean REZ-SEA was 59.6 ± 5.8 degrees. The difference between the maximum SA to avoid cerebellar hemisphere injury and the minimum REZ-SEA required to verify the facial nerve REZ is assumed to be the usable range of angles for the operative microscope; the average midpoint of this range was 38.2 ± 6.4 degrees.
Conclusion Turning the patient's head 10 degrees away from the affected side was generally appropriate for performing MVD surgery because it provided a mean microscope angle of 48 degrees. However, some patients had corner values for the sigmoid angle, REZ-SEA, and sigmoid sinus diameter. Rotating a patient's head based on precise calculations from preoperative MRI helps to achieve successful surgery.
Formation of a Naphthalene Framework by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Double C–H Functionalization of Arenes with Alkynes: Impact of a Supporting Ligand and an Acid Additive
Authors: Loginov Dmitry A. , Kharitonov Vladimir B. , Muratov Dmitry V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of larger condensed arenes from aromatic hydrocarbons and internal alkynes. This protocol uses readily available [CpRhI2]n as a catalyst and Cu(OAc)2 as an oxidant and proceeds smoothly through undirected double C–H activation. The addition of trifluoroacetic acid has a crucial positive impact on the reaction selectivity and the yields of the target products. In contrast to the previously reported catalytic systems, the new conditions allow the use of both dialkyl- and diarylacetylenes with the same high efficiency.
Severe Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Authors: Stieferman Addison E. , Mazi Patrick , Burnham Jason P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSkin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) are a common reason for hospital admission. Severe SSTIs, particularly necrotizing infections, often require intensive care. Source control (often with surgical debridement) and broad-spectrum antimicrobials are paramount for minimizing significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnostic tests may help in selection and de-escalation of antimicrobials for SSTIs. Besides early source control and early effective antimicrobial therapy, other patient-level factors such as comorbidities and immune status play a role in clinical outcomes. Intravenous immunoglobulin continues to be studied for severe SSTI, though recruitment in trials continues to be an issue. Severe SSTIs are complex to manage, due in part to regional variation in predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns, as well as variations in host immune responses. This review includes descriptions of source control, antimicrobial therapies, intravenous immunoglobulin, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as host factors in severe SSTIs.
The Effect of Periodontal Therapy on the Level of MMP-8 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Sopi Mirlinda , Koçani Ferit , Bardhoshi Merita , Meqa Kastriot 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective The complete removal of bacterial plaque and their endotoxins in deeper areas of periodontal pockets is often difficult to achieve with conventional methods such as periodontal pocket curettage. An alternative to these methods that recently gained popularity in periodontology is the diode laser, with its antibacterial effect, angiogenesis promotion as advantages.
Materials and Methods This study included 100 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, with periodontal pockets up to 6 mm, and who were divided into two groups: patients treated with basic therapy and diode laser application, and patients treated with basic therapy and with flap surgery. The clinical periodontal evaluation was done before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as an inflammatory indicator in gingival exudate was done with dipstick immunoassay test before the treatment and 6 months later.
Results This study showed a more pronounced improvement of periodontal clinical parameters, as well as a decrease in MMP-8 values in gingival exudate in the laser-treated group compared with the surgically treated group.
Conclusion The results of this study are encouraging for the use of the diode laser as a noninvasive method in the treatment of periodontal pathologies.
External Limiting Membrane, Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Disruption, and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Alterations in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mishra Nibha , Kaur Gurkiran , Saxena Sandeep 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of preventable blindness. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides cross-sectional and topographical imaging of the retina. SD-OCT resolves outer retinal layers into three hyperreflective bands—external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this article, we have studied the role of these outer retinal layers in structural and molecular changes taking place in DR.

Materials and Methods
Articles with clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DR were thoroughly studied. Articles were searched on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2020. Studies focusing on the role of ELM, EZ, and RPE in pathogenesis of DR based on SD-OCT were included.

Results
The long-standing hyperglycemia leads to protein glycosylation resulting in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs have an impact through their effect on retinal microvasculature, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, nitrosative and oxidative stress, and vitamin D and calcium metabolism. All these factors have been linked with disruption of outer retinal layers. AGEs lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction and release of proangiogenic factors by increasing the expression of VEGF in retinal pericytes and RPE cells. This leads to leakage and fluid accumulation resulting in diabetic macular edema (DME). In DME, there is sequential disruption of ELM and EZ and decrease in visual acuity (VA). The RPE alterations have been reported to be associated with the severity of DR and decrease in VA. Anti-VEGF therapy, most common treatment of DME, leads to restoration of barrier effect of ELM, it was found to be restored first followed by EZ restoration. Newer anti-AGEs agents and their receptor blockers are being developed which have a positive effect on maintaining the health of RPE.

Conclusion
A complex molecular association exists between the structural changes in ELM, EZ, and RPE in DR. SD-OCT is an indispensable tool to study these changes as integrity of these outer layers of retina is essential for maintaining visual function of retina in DR.
Discriminatory Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Physicians
Authors: Jiwnani Sabita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of gender and women's traditional roles in society has been particularly pronounced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted an online survey to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic responsibilities among Indian physicians to look for gender-based differences by collecting data regarding domestic work and childcare, changes in work patterns, and lack of domestic help during the pandemic and the resultant nationwide lockdown. Through this study, we reported the results of a nationwide survey and showed how gender gaps exist, even within highly qualified professionals such as physicians, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has widened this gap. Our study showed statistically higher contribution by women physicians as compared to men not only in the increased domestic work, but also when it came to childcare and education. More women than men were forced to take additional leave and quit their jobs due to the increased domestic responsibilities.In addition to highlighting the difficulties faced by the physician community as a whole due to nonavailability of domestic help and childcare facilities, this survey demonstrated the intense challenges women physicians face as they try to navigate the work–life balance dilemma by providing care to their families as well as patients. Our study highlighted the need to re-examine the specific challenges faced by women physicians and identify means to support and empower them.
Multiple Linear Filling Defects in Coronary Artery: Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Shah Hetan C. , Jyotsna M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 60-year-old male, diabetic, nonhypertensive, tobacco chewer, presented with a history of inferior wall myocardial infarction in 2007. Patient underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stent to right coronary artery in 2007, but no reports available. Now, patient was admitted with new onset crescendo angina for the last 1 month.
A high-throughput technique to map cell images to cell positions using a 3D imaging flow cytometer
Authors: Zhang Zunming , Tang Rui , Chen Xinyu , Waller Lauren , Kau Alston , Fung Anthony A. , Gutierrez Bien , An Cheolhong , Cho Sung Hwan , Shi Lingyan , Lo Yu-Hwa 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThis article demonstrates a high-throughput technique to map cell images to cell positions. The technology uses a three-dimensional (3D) imaging flow cytometer to record multiparameter 3D cell images at a throughput of 1,000 cells/s and a cell placement robot to place the exiting cells from the imaging system on a filter plate in a first-in–first-out manner so the cells on the plate have the same order as the cells that are imaged. Innovative algorithms were developed to match the cell sequences from the imaging and placement modules to detect and eliminate errors to ensure high accuracy. The technology forms an unprecedented bridge between single-cell molecular analysis and single-cell image analysis to connect phenotype and genotype analysis with single-cell resolution.
Picard subject clitics
Authors: Auger Julie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper argues that the analysis of Picard subject clitics and lexical subjects greatly benefits from considering syntax, phonology, and prosody. Specifically, the status of pronominal clitics as arguments or agreement markers must be determined on the basis of syntactic criteria, while the determination of their status as clitics or affixes necessitates phonological arguments. My analysis shows that Picard subject clitics behave like agreement markers but that they retain the status of clitics, thus providing evidence for the Clitic Group as proposed by Nespor & Vogel (1986). I also provide evidence that other grammatical monosyllables do not create clitic groups.
A child’s view of Romance modification
Authors: Pérez-Leroux Ana Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Languages vary as to what kind of phrasal categories allow recursive iteration of self-same embedding. Children first learn an embedding rule, then must learn whether the rule can apply recursively or not. However, direct experience of recursive embedding is rare in the input. A study of recursive nominal modification in Spanish show children acquire different types of modification (possession, part-whole relations) at different times even if these are expressed with the same preposition de. This suggest that the domain of rule formulation is narrower than syntactic category (PPs) or even lexical particle (de). Bilingual children show delays in acquiring a first level of embedding rule but not in allowing the rule to be recursive. This suggests that learning recursive modification is not sensitive to the concomitant reductions in input in bilingual contexts. I argue that children learn that embedding rules are recursive by inference from the productivity of simple embedding rules. The evidence on the acquisition of recursive nominal modification points to the limitations of the parameter setting model of syntactic development.
Definite determiners in Romance
Authors: Isac Daniela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The definite article in Eastern Romance (ER) is overtly expressed as a suffix on the noun. However, with objects of prepositions (Ps) the definite article can be null, unless the P object is modified, in which case the definite article must be overt. In order to account for this variation in the overtness of the definite article, I propose that definite Ds must undergo M-merge in ER and that the definite D is spelled out overtly only if D M-merges with a head that bears a definiteness ([def]) feature. ER languages display micro-variation with respect to which particular item in the DP can host the definite article, and with respect to whether the definite article in unmodified objects of Ps must, or simply can, be null. Micro-variation is accounted for by (i) the feature content of the Number head, and (ii) whether the M-merge rule applies strictly locally or not.
Same EPP, different null subject type
Authors: Doner Julianne , Bilgin Çağrı 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that all languages with Extended Projection Principle (EPP) type X will have null subject language (NSL) type Y, and vice versa (see Holmberg 2005, inter alia). We argue that although EPP type and NSL type interact, they are not co-extensive. We demonstrate that General Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, and French have different NSL types (consistent, partial, and non-NSLs, respectively), but share the same EPP type (DP EPP). We also argue that both Brazilian Portuguese and Dominican Spanish underwent a change in EPP type, followed by the loss of agreement and a change in NSL type. Crucially, EPP type and NSL type did not change simultaneously. It therefore follows that EPP and NSL type cannot be co-extensive.
On (un)grammatical sequences of ses in Spanish
Authors: MacDonald Jonathan E. , Vázquez-Lozares Almike 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We discuss the ungrammaticality of Spanish impersonal se (Impse) in combination with another se in control structures. Our main goal is to critically evaluate Martins & Nunes’s (2017) account of parallel phenomena in European Portuguese, who, adopting a movement theory of control, claim that Impse merges in the external argument of the non-finite embedded verb and moves to the matrix clause. When Impse and the other se are transferred within the same phase, the result is ungrammaticality due to an identity violation. We illustrate that their approach cannot be extended to Spanish. Instead, we put forth MacDonald & Vázquez-Lozares’s (2021) proposal as an alternative, which as we show allows for an extension to ungrammatical contexts in which the identity of se cannot be appealed to.
Interpreting reduplicated numerals in Old Ibero-Romance
Authors: Corr Alice 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Old Ibero-Romance reduplicated numerals in transfer and possession constructions force a distributive reading at the sentential level (OSp. los pecheros deben tres tres meajas “the taxpayers owe three meajas each”). I argue that the distributive construction is best accounted for at the clausal level by an applicative structure (Pylkkänen 2008), where the reduplicated numeral is the internal argument and is encoded at the nominal level by a dedicated distributive layer in the extended functional structure. This analysis captures differences in the construction’s interpretation—a low ApplP for distribution over individuals, and a high ApplP for distribution over events—within a more general theory of event structure, and situates the distributive construction with a wider taxonomy of (independently-motivated) Ibero-Romance applicative structures.
Value and cardinality in the evaluation of bare singulars in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Lima Suzi , Oliveira Cristiane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have explored two semantic features – cardinality and volume – to shown that bare singulars such as banana in Eu comi banana (I ate banana) allows a count and a mass interpretation in Brazilian Portuguese. In this chapter we explore whether other features such as value impact the interpretation of such nouns. The results of our priming and judgment studies indicate that cardinality is grammatically more relevant than value when interpreting Brazilian Portuguese bare singulars. However, we found a significant increase in reaction times when value was primed early. Therefore, value plays a role in the processing of bare singulars.
Cyclical change in affixal negation
Authors: Gibert-Sotelo Elisabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a contrastive analysis of the negative prefix iN- in Latin and Romance that shows that this element has undergone a reanalysis throughout the evolution. In particular, it is proposed that iN- has evolved from an adjunct to a categorizing affix, a change that partially fits the negative cycle ‘adjunct > specifier > head > affix’ (van Gelderen 2011). The proposed analysis builds, on the one hand, on Newell’s (2008) morphophonological approach to English negative prefixes; and, on the other hand, on De Clercq’s (2013) and De Clercq & Vanden Wyngaerd’s (2017) work on affixal negation. Alongside, the paper endeavors to show the advantages of using the Nanosyntax model when dealing with diachronic variation at the syntax-lexicon interface.
Instances of direct speech, authentic and imaginary, in Old Frisian
Authors: Vries Oebele 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper offers a descriptive account of direct speech in texts written in Old Frisian (extending till 1550). A distinction is made between two types of this stylistic device: imaginary, as found in narrative texts, and authentic, which regards recordings of sentences spoken in a conversation or an allocution. Fixed formulaic phrases in legal texts, though having the appearance of direct speech, were obviously excluded from this investigation.
The number of instances found is small, while true dialogues are even entirely lacking. The percentage of direct speech quotes in narrative texts – scarce as they are – turns out to be about the same as in some Old English narrative poems. About twenty specimens of authentic direct speech could be gathered from witness depositions and witness testimonies. Although they are perhaps somewhat less lively than might be expected, they still convey an impression of the spoken form of the late Old Frisian vernacular.
Modeling in nuclear physics: a visual approach to the limitations of the semi-empirical mass formula
Authors: Hein Miriam , Pusch Alexander , Heusler Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF) is a phenomenological model describing nuclear binding energies with high accuracy. We present different realizations and applications of this model based on 3D-printing and animations. A central new contribution is a visualization not only of the energy landscape provided by the SEMF, but also a comparison with actual experimental data. Our visualization of this difference energy landscape reveals limitations of the phenomenological model, and at the same time shows the special importance of the so-called magic numbers which have been explained in the shell model, introduced much later than the liquid drop model. This provides an excellent opportunity to discuss limits and merits of models in general in the context of physics education.
An asymptotical regularization with convex constraints for inverse problems
Authors: Zhong Min , Wang Wei , Tong Shanshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the method of asymptotical regularization for the stable approximate solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems F(x) = y in Hilbert spaces. The method consists of two components, an outer Newton iteration and an inner scheme providing increments by solving a local coupling linearized evolution equations. In addition, a non-smooth uniformly convex functional has been embedded in the evolution equations which is allowed to be non-smooth, including L
1-liked and total variation-like penalty terms. We establish convergence properties of the method, derive stability estimates, and perform the convergence rate under the Hölder continuity of the inverse mapping. Furthermore, based on Runge–Kutta (RK) discretization, different kinds of iteration schemes can be developed for numerical realization. In our numerical experiments, four types iterative scheme, including Landweber type, one-stage explicit, implicit Euler and two-stage RK are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Numerical investigation of eco-friendly MASnI3 perovskite-based solar cell: effect of defect density and hole transport layer
Authors: Mouhib Haytam , Ait hssi Abderrahim , Ait Wahmane Youssef , Atourki Lahoucine , Elfanaoui Abdeslam , Ihlal Ahmed , Bouabid Khalid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Eco-friendly lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3) based solar cell device was simulated using the one-dimensional solar capacitance tool (SCAPS 1D). In this work, we investigate the effect of several parameters such as the thickness and the defect density in the absorber layer. We focus on the effect of defect densities at the TiO2/MASnI3, MASnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD interfaces on the photovoltaic performances. Our results show that the best performances were obtained with an absorber thickness layer kept of 1.1 μm, and for low defect densities in the active layer and at the TiO2/MASnI3 interface. In addition, we have studied the effect of various hole transport layers (HTL) compounds such as Cu2O, CuO, CuI, CuSCN, PTAA, PEDOT: PSS, and MEH-PPV. Our results show the significant impact of valence band offset and hole mobility on device performances. The champion device has a power conversion efficiency of 27.77%, a current density (J
sc) of 34.6 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage (V
oc) of 0.96 V and a fill factor of 83.34%. This work can provide imperative guidelines to researchers for the design of efficient eco-friendly perovskite solar cells.