bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directly Measured vs. Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Does Not Identify Additional Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes at Higher Risk of Adverse Events: Insight From a Large Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Cohort in Asia
Authors: Shi Boqun , Wang Hao-Yu , Liu Jinpeng , Cai Zhongxing , Song Chenxi , Jia Lei , Yin Dong , Wang Hongjian , Dou Ke-Fei , Song Weihua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe objective of our study was to assess whether calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is inferior to direct LDL-C (dLDL-C) in identifying patients at higher risk of all-cause mortality, recurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE).MethodsA total of 9,751 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Fuwai PCI registry were included. DLDL-C was measured by the selective solubilization method (Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan). Correct classification was defined as the proportion of estimated LDL-C in the same category as dLDL-C based on dLDL-C levels: less than 1.4, 1.4–1.8, 1.8–2.6, 2.6–3.0, and 3.0 mmol/L or greater.ResultsUnderestimation of LDL-C was found in 9.7% of patients using the Martin/Hopkins equation, compared with 13.9% using the Sampson equation and 24.6% with the Friedewald equation. Cox regression analysis showed compared the correct estimation group, underestimation of LDL-C by the Martin/Hopkins equation did not reduce all-cause mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI: 0.72–2.20, P = 0.4), recurrent AMI (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.69–2.21, P = 0.5), and MACE (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83–1.26, P = 0.9). Similarly, the overestimated group did not exacerbate all-cause mortality (HR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.45–1.77, P = 0.8), recurrent AMI (HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.28–1.44, P = 0.3), and MACE (HR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.86–1.32, P = 0.6). The results of the diabetes subgroup analysis were similar to those of the whole population.ConclusionCompared with dLDL-C measurement, misclassification by the Martin/Hopkins and Sampson equations was present in approximately 20% of patients. However, directly measured vs. calculated LDL-C did not identify any more individuals in the PCI population with increased risk of all-cause mortality, recurrent AMI, and MACE, even in high-risk patients such as those with diabetes.
Investigating Biases Associated With Dietary Starch Incorporation and Retention With an Oral Biofilm Model
Authors: Bartholdy Bjørn Peare , Henry Amanda G. 
Published: July 2022

Dental calculus has proven to contain a wealth of information on the dietary habits of past populations. These insights have, to a large extent, been obtained by the extraction and identification of starch granules contained within the mineralised dental plaque from a wide range of regions and time periods. The scope of previous studies have been limited to microfossil extraction and identification to reconstruct dietary preferences from the archaeological record, and few studies have attempted to address the biases of starch retention in dental calculus. Those that have considered this problem have been limited to in vivo studies on modern humans and non-human primates. Here, we present a multispecies oral biofilm model, which allows experimental research on starch incorporation and retention to be conducted on in vitro dental calculus in a controlled laboratory setting. The biofilms were exposed to treatment solutions with known quantities of dietary starches (wheat and potato) during the 25 days growth period. After this, the starch granules were extracted from the mature biofilm (by dissolution in EDTA), and counted. We show that the granule counts extracted from the model dental calculus represented a low proportion (ranging from 0.06% to 0.16%) of the total number of granules exposed to the biofilms throughout the experiment. Additionally, we found that the ratios of granule sizes from the extracted starch granules differed from the original treatment solutions, with large granules (&gt;20 μm) consistently being under-represented. We also found a positive correlation between the absolute granule counts and dry-weight of the biofilm (r = 0.659, 90%CI[0.463, 0.794]), meaning the absolute quantity of starch granules will increase as the size of the calculus deposit increases. A similar, but weaker correlation was found between the concentration (count per mg) of granules and dry-weight (r = 0.3, 90%CI[0.0618, 0.506]). Our results complement and reinforce previous in vivo studies suggesting that dental calculus presents a very small, and partly biased picture of the original dietary intake of starches, with an over-representation of plants producing granules smaller than 20 μm in size. The experimental model presented here is well-suited to address the need for further validation of methods and biases associated with dietary research on dental calculus.
Shallow Overpressure Formation in the Deep Water Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, China
Authors: Ren Jinfeng , Xu Litao , Shi Wanzhong , Yang Wei , Wang Ren , He Yulin , Du Hao 
Published: July 2022

The scarcity of drilling in the deep water area of Qiongdongnan Basin restricts the cognition and prediction of overpressure. In this paper, a shallow zone of overpressure at the depth of 900–1,200 m below the sea floor in the deep water area was found by analyzing electronic logs, mud pressure (Mud pressure is a product of the height of the column of mud, density and gravity acceleration) and test pressure from drill stem testing (DST) and modular dynamic testing (MDT), and the interpretation of anomalous seismic interval velocities. The shallow overpressure is a newly observed geological phenomenon in the South China Sea for which the generation mechanisms are not well understood, despite similar observations and analyses elsewhere in the world. Two representative wells, one each located in the shallow water and the deep water areas, respectively were selected to investigate the vertical distribution of the shallow overpressure. The top of the overpressure in Well A in the shallow water area is about 2,111 m below sea floor, while the top of the overpressure in Well B in the deep water area is about 1,077 m below sea floor. A pressure coefficient (i.e., ratio of pore pressure to the normal hydrostatic pressure measured from the sea surface) profile was constructed from the shallow water area to the deep water area using the calibrated relationship between seismic interval velocities and pressure data from 30 wells. The distance between the top of the overpressure and the seabed is predicted to be between 900 and 1,200 m in the deep water area Basin. Disequilibrium compaction is the interpreted primary cause of the shallow overpressure and the results of basin modeling indicate that the shallow overpressure was generated since 5.5 Ma.
Comparisons of the Relationships Between Multiple Lipid Indices and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lu Chun-feng , Liu Wang-shu , Chen Zhen-hua , Hua Ling-yan , Wang Xue-qin , Huang Hai-yan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Growing evidences have shown that compared with the traditional lipid parameters, some lipid ratios may provide additional information of lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate which lipid index was most related to DKD.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study that enrolled patients with T2D from January 2021 to October 2021. Each participant was screened for DKD, and the diagnostic criterion for DKD is estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g for 3 months. Fasting blood was collected to determine lipid profiles by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and lipid ratios were calculated based on corresponding lipid parameters. Spearman’s correlation analyses were conducted to assess the correlations between lipid indices and kidney injury indices, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between lipid indices and the risk of DKD.ResultsA total of 936 patients with T2D were enrolled in the study, 144 (15.38%) of whom had DKD. The LDL-C/Apo B ratios were positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.146, p &lt; 0.05) and inversely correlated to cystatin C and UACR (r = -0.237 and -0.120, both p &lt; 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that even after adjusting for other clinical covariates, the LDL-C/Apo B ratios were negatively related to DKD, and the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.481 (0.275–0.843). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that compared with patients with normal lipid profiles and a high LDL-C/Apo B ratio, the odds ratio of DKD in patients with normal lipid metabolism and a low LDL-C/Apo B ratio was 2.205 (1.136-4.280) after adjusting for other clinical covariates.ConclusionIn patients with T2D, the LDL-c/Apo B ratio was most closely associated with DKD among various lipid indices, and a lower LDL-C/Apo B ratio was associated with increased risks of DKD among patients with T2D.
Costs and Its Determinants in Pituitary Tumour Surgery
Authors: Dekkers Alies J. , de Vries Friso , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , van der Hoeven Emmy M. , Verstegen Marco J. T. , Pereira Alberto M. , van Furth Wouter R. , Biermasz Nienke R. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeValue-based healthcare (VBHC) provides a framework to improve care by improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. To support value-based decision making in clinical practice we evaluated healthcare costs and cost drivers in perioperative care for pituitary tumour patients.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed financial and clinical data for surgical treatment up to the first year after surgery of pituitary tumour patients treated between 2015 and 2018 in a Dutch tertiary referral centre. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of higher costs.Results271 patients who underwent surgery were included. Mean total costs (SD) were €16339 (13573) per patient, with the following cost determinants: surgery time (€62 per minute; 95% CI: 50, 74), length of stay (€1331 per day; 95% CI 1139, 1523), admission to higher care unit (€12154 in total; 95% CI 6413, 17895), emergency surgery (€10363 higher than elective surgery; 95% CI: 1422, 19305) and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (€14232; 95% CI 9667, 18797). Intradural (€7128; 95% CI 10421, 23836) and combined transsphenoidal/transcranial surgery (B: 38494; 95% CI 29191, 47797) were associated with higher costs than standard. Further, higher costs were found in these baseline conditions: Rathke’s cleft cyst (€9201 higher than non-functioning adenoma; 95% CI 1173, 17230), giant adenoma (€19106 higher than microadenoma; 95% CI 12336, 25877), third ventricle invasion (€14613; 95% CI 7613, 21613) and dependent functional status (€12231; 95% CI 3985, 20477). In patients with uncomplicated course, costs were €8879 (3210) and with complications €17551 (14250).ConclusionsLength of hospital stay, and complications are the main drivers of costs in perioperative pituitary tumour healthcare as were some baseline features, e.g. larger tumors, cysts and dependent functional status. Costs analysis may correspond with healthcare resource utilization and guide further individualized care path development and capacity planning.
Study on the Potential Mechanism of Tonifying Kidney and Removing Dampness Formula in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Li Xuewen , Chen Hongyan , Yang Hongyan , Liu Jian , Li Yang , Dang Yue , Wang Jiajing , Wang Lei , Li Jun , Nie Guangning 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundManagement of menopausal dyslipidemia is the main measure to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Tonifying Kidney and Removing Dampness Formula (TKRDF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that ameliorates dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women. This study applied network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vitro experiments to investigate the underlying mechanism of TKRDF against postmenopausal dyslipidemia.MethodsNetwork pharmacology research was first conducted, and the active compounds and targets of TKRDF, as well as the targets of postmenopausal dyslipidemia, were extracted from public databases. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to identify the potential targets and signaling pathways of TKRDF in postmenopausal dyslipidemia. Molecular docking was then performed to evaluate the combination of active compounds with principal targets. Finally, an ovariectomized rat model was used for the in vivo experiment and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells treated with palmitic acid were used for the in vitro experiments to provide further evidence for the research.ResultsBased on network pharmacology analysis, we obtained 78 active compounds from TKRDF that acted on 222 targets of postmenopausal dyslipidemia. The analysis results indicated that IL6, TNF, VEGFA, AKT1, MAPK3, MAPK1, PPARG and PIK3CA, etc., were the potentially key targets, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the possibly crucial pathway for TKRDF to treat postmenopausal dyslipidemia. Molecular docking suggested that the active compounds have good binding activity with the core targets. The in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TKRDF ameliorates postmenopausal dyslipidemia by regulating hormone levels, inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting lipid synthesis, which appear to be related to TKRDF’s regulation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.ConclusionThis study clarified the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of TKRDF for treating postmenopausal dyslipidemia. It also provided a feasible method to uncover the scientific basis and therapeutic mechanism for prescribing TCM in the treatment of diseases.
Interactive Affection of Pre-Pregnancy Overweight or Obesity, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Glucose Tolerance Test Characteristics on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lin Li-hua , Lin Juan , Yan Jian-ying 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo examine the combined effect of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and glucose tolerance status on the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsA observational study including 5529 gestational diabetes mellitus patients was performed. Logistic regression were used to assess the independent and multiplicative interactions of overweight or obese, excessive gestational weight gain, abnormal items of oral glucose tolerance test and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additive interactions were calculated using an Excel sheet developed by Anderson to calculate relative excess risk.ResultsOverall 1076(19.46%) study subject were overweight or obese and 1858(33.60%) women gained weight above recommended. Based on IADPSG criteria, more than one-third women with two, or three abnormal glucose values. Preconception overweight or obesity, above recommended gestational weight gain, and two or more abnormal items of oral glucose tolerance test parameters significantly increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, separately. After accounting for confounders, each two of overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, two or more abnormal items of OGTT parameters, the pairwise interactions on adverse pregnancy outcomes appear to be multiplicative. Coexistence of preconception overweight or obesity, above recommended gestational weight gain and two or more abnormal items of oral glucose tolerance test parameters increased the highest risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. No additive interaction was found.ConclusionsPre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, two or more abnormal items of OGTT parameters contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes independently among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the combined effect between these three factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes appear to be multiplicative. Interventions focus on maternal overweight or obesity and gestational weight gain should be offered to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Generalization in Patients With Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Ruan Zhe , Sun Chao , Lang Yanlin , Gao Feng , Guo Rongjing , Xu Quan , Yu Liping , Wu Songdi , Lei Tao , Liu Yu , Zhang Min , Li Huanhuan , Tang Yonglan , Gao Ting , Gao Yanwu , Lu Xiaodan , Li Zhuyi , Chang Ting 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting 1- and 2-year generalization probabilities in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG).MethodsIn total, 501 eligible patients with OMG treated at seven tertiary hospitals in China between January 2015 and May 2019 were included. The primary outcome measure was disease generalization. A nomogram for predicting 1- and 2-year generalization probabilities was constructed using a stepwise Cox regression model. Nomogram performance was quantified using C-indexes and calibration curves. Two-year cumulative generalization rates were analyzed using the Kaplan−Meier method for distinct nomogram-stratified risk groups. The clinical usefulness of the nomogram was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultThe eligible patients were randomly divided into a development cohort (n=351, 70%) and a validation cohort (n=150, 30%). The final model included five variables: sex, onset age, repetitive nerve stimulation findings, acetylcholine receptor antibody test results, and thymic status. The model demonstrated good discrimination (C-indexes of 0.733 and 0.788 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively) and calibration, with good agreement between actual and nomogram-estimated generalization probabilities. Kaplan−Meier curves revealed higher 2-year cumulative generalization rates in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group. DCA demonstrated a higher net benefit of nomogram-assisted decisions compared to treatment of all patients or none.ConclusionThe nomogram model can predict 1- and 2-year generalization probabilities in patients with OMG and stratified these patients into distinct generalization risk groups. The nomogram has potential to aid neurologists in selecting suitable patients for initiating immunotherapy and for enrolment in clinical trials of risk-modifying treatments.
Comparing Patterns in Antimicrobial Use During Global Point Prevalence Study at a Single Tertiary Hospital in Ghana: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme
Authors: Enimil Anthony , Agbedinu Kwabena , Yeboah Michael , Pauwels Ines , Goossens Herman , Ansong Daniel , Mensah Nicholas , Vesporten Ann 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe Global Point Prevalence Study (PPS) provides a platform for institutions to register and add clinical information on antimicrobial usage and determine variables related to proper antimicrobial stewardship.ObjectiveTo assess the trends in antimicrobial usage and quality indicators in antimicrobial prescriptions at our hospital.MethodWe retrospectively compared data collected at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) during the Global PPS in 2015 and 2019. Both surveys took place on a day in September of the respective year. Medical records of all in-patients on admission at 0800 hours on a specific day were reviewed for antimicrobial use in the survey. Data on antibiotic use, including indications for use and the presence of quality indicators, were recorded.ResultsThe total number of patients on admission in 2015 and 2019 were 386 and 630, respectively. The proportion of patients on at least one antimicrobial was 64% (247/386) and 58.4% (368/630) in 2015 and 2019, respectively. Pneumonia was the most common medical condition for which antimicrobial was prescribed for 2015, 30(16.9%) and 2019, 44(23.0%), respectively. There was a decrease in Hospital-acquired infections from 2015, 6.2% (24/386) to 4.8% (30/630) in 2019. The use of biomarkers increased from 4.9% (12/247) to 7.6% (28/368).ConclusionOver 50% of hospitalised patients were on antimicrobials for both years. The inauguration of the antimicrobial stewardship committee at KATH will improve these quality indicators.
Length-Weight Relationships and Otolith-Based Growth Curves for Brushtooth Lizardfish off Taiwan With Observations of Region and Aging–Material Effects on Global Growth Estimates
Authors: Chang Shui-Kai , Chou Yuan-Tian , Hoyle Simon D. 
Published: July 2022

Establishing appropriate aging procedures and growth models are two important steps for estimating reliable growth curves and in developing proper stock assessments. Lizardfishes have a strong influence on the structures of epibenthic communities and are important to the trawl fisheries of many coastal countries. For brushtooth lizardfish,Saurida undosquamis, the major species in the lizardfish catches of Taiwan, three issues were investigated. First, we used generalized additive models to explore factors (e.g., sex, data source, season) affecting the length-weight relationship (LWR), and to estimate suitable parameters. Second, we identified suitable procedures for otolith preparation (sagittal or transverse sections), validated the periodicity of ring increments using marginal increment analysis (MIA) with discussions of the appropriateness of the analysis, and determined the “best-fit” growth modelviamulti-model inference. Lastly, we compared growth estimates from this study with those published globally and developed an overview of global variation and the main associated variables through hierarchical cluster analysis and random forest modeling. Results suggested the following. (1) A suitable LWR for the stock was BW = 6.269 × 10-3· FL3.144for females and BW = 6.439 × 10-3· FL3.144for males. The allometric coefficient varied among samples and data sources and through the season. (2) Aging precision may be higher using transverse sections rather than sagittal sections. MIA indicates that otolith ring marks are formed annually during the active spawning season at the end of winter and the beginning of spring (from February). The Von Bertalanffy Growth Model was selected and the parameters (L∞,K, andt0) were: 46.4 cm, 0.12 year-1, and -2.12 year for sex-combined; 38.6 cm, 0.15 year-1, -2.06 year for males; and, 42.0 cm, 0.16 year-1, -1.53 year for females. (3) Globally, 86 sets of growth parameters were compiled from the literature. Region and aging material were the most important sources of variation in global estimates, which indicates the importance of using reliable aging material.