bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Specialty Choices of Dental Students
Authors: EDEBAL Zehra , DOĞAN Salih 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career plans and self-perception of knowledge levels of undergraduate dental students. In this multicentre cross-sectional study, a multiple-choice survey was taken by students from three different universities in two countries in 2020. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to determine statistically significant differences. Of the 755 students that participated in our study, 66% had fear of being at risk for contagion and only 46% claimed to have adequate knowledge about occupational infections and the methods to protect themselves. Utilization of credible publications, guidelines (57% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), and online education (19% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in students claiming to have adequate knowledge. 11% of the students debated dropping out of dental education because of the COVID-19 pandemic. These students had a markedly elevated rate of fear of being at risk for contagion because of the COVID-19 pandemic (80% vs. 64%, p = 0.011). 76% of the students were aiming for a dental specialty. 18% changed their desired specialty and 22% were in search of a specialty that requires less close contact procedures because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing students with sufficient information from trustworthy sources through distance education, as well as psychological support when needed has crucial importance for a successful dental education and career planning.
Predictive ANN modelling of Thermorheological properties of Iron-Oxide yield stress nanofluid
Authors: DHAR SURAJ Narayan , Hassan M.A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe intent of the research is to find the dependency of the volume fraction of nanoparticle (φ) and the temperature on the absolute viscosity (µnf) of Fe3O4nanoparticles in Carbopol polymer gel. Rheological and stability analysis of the solution is identified. A total of 48 viscosity values has been calculated from experiments using two different base fluid concentrations and two different nanofluid concentrations at eight different temperatures. The data gathered are used for the training of an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) to observe results in a predefined range of two input criteria. It uses a feed-forward perceptron ANN with a temperature input, a volume concentration input, and a viscosity output. The topology was established by trial and error, and the two-layer model having ten neurons in the hidden layer that used the tansig function produced the best results. Ten training functions were utilized to analyze the best result for nf prediction, and the trainbr algorithm was found to be the best ANN. Due to the trained ANN, the anticipated value of viscosity is obtained from each temperature and volume concentration combination. The best results were witnessed with trainlm algorithm with an MSE value of 5.92e-4 and a R2value of 0.9988 for forecasting of viscosity. Nanoparticle volume concentration increases with viscosity, while temperature increases cause viscosity to decrease. As the temperature rises from 15°C to 50°C, the shear stress value drops with a corresponding shear rate. The shear stress value of the associated shear rate decreases as the nanoparticle concentration rises.
Transcriptome-based mining and expression profiling of low-Nitrogen-responsive transcription factors in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)
Authors: Sun Jingliang , Jin Chunyi , Zou Jixiang , Li Xinlin , Wang Mei , Yang Chengchao , Li Linlin , Jin Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency affects various pathways in plants, while transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in regulating metabolic processes. However, there is restricted information about the activation of TFs in trees subjected to low-N stress. We assessed these functions by identifying and predicting TFs in yellowhorn, a high-quality raw material for the production of biodiesel, under low-N stress. We performed comparative transcriptome analysis to study the overall expression of TFs in yellowhorn under different N concentrations. A total of 56 TF families, including 1,873 TF genes, were identified. Among them, 410 (approximately 22%) TFs were detected at significantly higher or lower differential expression levels in both N deficiency treatments than in normal N conditions. We then sorted eight TF families (593 TFs) related to N stress based on previous studies and determined whether they respond to low-N stress. Further phylogenetic and conservative analyses showed that TFs in yellowhorn were clustered according to their phylogenetic affinity, providing a better understanding of their functional diversity. Protein interaction and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses predicted that TFs mainly functioned in hormone conduction, oxidative stress and defense responses. In addition, some TFs involved in salicylic acid signaling, jasmonic acid signaling and antioxidant stress pathways were significantly expressed, implying that these components may help yellowhorn adapt to N deficiency. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex mechanism of TFs in response to low-N stress in yellowhorn and lays a foundation for exploring yellowhorn TFs genes involved in low-Nitrogen-responsive.
Immunotherapy of multi-drug resistant hematologic malignancies with IL-2-activated intentionally mismatched lymphocytes
Authors: Slavin Shimon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Donor lymphocyte infusion using IL-2 activated donor lymphocytes following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) can sometimes eliminate multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cells and result in a cure. We hypothesized that more effective and faster immunotherapy could be accomplished by non-engrafting Intentionally Mismatched IL-2 Activated Killer cells (IMAK) with no prior SCT, avoiding the risks of GVHD due to consistent spontaneous rejection of killer cells after induction of cancer cytotoxicity. IMAK was applied for the compassionate treatment of 33 patients with MDR hematological malignancies following mild immunosuppressive conditioning. IMAK infusion was followed by low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 injections for ≤ 5 days for in vivo activation of donors’ and patients’ lymphocytes. Cumulative experience confirmed major anti-cancer responses following treatment with IMAK including in patients relapsing after myeloablative SCT. Treatment of relatively low tumor burden resulted in cure (> 5 to > 28 years unmaintained disease-free survival). Treatment was reasonably well-tolerated or manageable with no grade IV toxicity. Circulating donor lymphocytes were undetected beyond day + 6, confirming that early spontaneous rejection prevented the risk of GVHD-like toxicity. Immunotherapy potentially resulting in cure could be accomplished in patients with resistant hematologic malignancies when treated with relatively low tumor burden by transient circulation of IMAK. Since MRD can be accomplished in most patients with hematologic malignancies following successful first-line or high-dose chemotherapy, eradication of MRD in otherwise incurable patients could possibly be accomplished by IMAK. Prospective randomized clinical trials are indicated to confirm our working hypothesis.
Effects of biofertilization with plant growth promoting bacteria in micropropagation of Jacaranda mimosifolia
Authors: Salotti Ariel Horacio , Yarte Mauro Enrique , Larraburu Ezequiel Enrique 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Jacaranda mimosifolia(Bignoniaceae) is an important economic, ecological and ornamental tree native to South America. It is cultured in squares, parks and gardens throughout America, Europe, South Africa and Asia. During plant-microbe interactions,
plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) could optimize plant production by mitigating undesirable features which trouble ex vitro transferring. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of biofertilization with A. brasilense Az39 (as reference strain), Methylobacterium sp. L10 and Stenotrophomonas sp. L20 on micropropagation of Jacaranda mimosifolia. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) was used for seeds germination whereas Murashige and Skoog salts with Gamborg vitamins (MSG) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) were used in multiplication stage and supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) were used in rooting stage. All stages were inoculated or not with Az39, L10 or L20. Culture system, bacteria inoculation in each micropropagation stage and their interaction were significant. Methylobacterium sp. L10 and Stenotrophomonas sp. L20 decreased fungal contamination at initial establishment by seeds. In addition, Methylobacterium sp. L10 inoculation increased the multiplication rate by 94% relative to non-inoculated shoots. Stenotrophomonas sp. L20 inoculation in combination with a pulse with 30 μM IBA increased in vitro and ex vitro rooting percentage. In the acclimatization stage, 95% of ex vitro-rooted plants inoculated with Stenotrophomonassp. L20 survived. The strains used at this work could act as biological control agents and could be used for biofertilizers development.
A secondary analysis evaluating retention in care among HIV-positive infants diagnosed at birth using centralized laboratory and point-of-care testing in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Christie Michael , Mazanderani Ahmad Haeri , Moyo Faith , Sherman Gayle , du Plessis Nicolette 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
Birth HIV PCR Point-of-Care (POC) testing can potentially augment the early infant diagnosis (EID) program. Data on the clinical benefits of birth POC testing in South Africa is limited. We compared attrition rates and six-month outcomes of HIV-positive infants diagnosed at birth using POC or laboratory-based testing.
Methods:
From 2018 to 2019, HIV-exposed infants underwent a birth POC test at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. They were compared with a historical control born between 2014 and 2016 who received only laboratory-based testing. Both groups received similar care. Variables associated with attrition and the impact thereof, after six-months post HIV diagnosis, were compared. Attrition was defined as patients no longer in care at the end of the study period.
Results:
Overall, 52 HIV-positive infants were enrolled (POC group, n=23; control group, n=29).Most mother-infant pair (MIP) attrition occurred in the neonatal period post antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (30.4% vs. 20.6%, p=0.24); although not statistically significant, recent maternal ART initiation (<3 months) was associated with higher attrition (1.17, 95% CI 0.22-6.22). More POC MIPs were admitted (19 vs. 14, p=0.02), eight MIPs were admitted for ART initiation. Six-month outcomes demonstrated similar retention rates (65.2% vs. 58.5%, p=0.77).
Conclusion:
Attrition rates of HIV-positive infants post-initiation remain high irrespective of diagnostic method used. Although POC led to earlier engagement with HIV-positive MIPs, this did not translate to improved retention in care. Greater emphasis should be placed on reducing attrition by identifying and remedying any potential antenatal and postnatal risk factors.
Robust tracking and consensus control of a MEMS gyroscope multi-agent systems with H-infinity performance: A transfer function approach
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Ahmed Zahoor , Aslam Muhammad Muzamil , Du Liping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices face unique issues of control and measurement in contrast to conventional devices due to smaller size, lower manufacturing cost, and less power utilization. A MEMS gyroscope multi-agent system is one example of a MEMS device which have many industrial applications. Despite the significant industrial applications of MEMS gyroscope multi-agent systems such as airbag filling systems, stabilization of image, etc., it faces problems of stability and performance due to the existence of external disturbances, noise, and variations in the parameters. So, designing a consensus controller in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances is a challenging task. The basic purpose of this work is to investigate the issues faced by the MEMS gyroscope multi-agent system and propose a non-linear robust tracking and consensus control technique for the drive axis of the multi-agent system MEMS gyroscope. For this purpose, a controller is designed for the robust tracking and consensus control of MEMS gyroscope multi-agent system by the combination of H∞ consensus control and dynamic surface control approaches. The proposed H∞ consensus controller minimizes the external disturbance effects, makes the drive axis achieve resonance, and a tuning method is derived to tune the output response of the drive axis to the desired level. Further, we simulated a closed-loop system to discuss the controller features. In the last part of the paper, simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller in the presence of uncertainties
Extended least square homotopy method for solving nonlinear systems of fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Thabet Hayman , Kendre Subhash , Peters James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several methods have been developed to solve fractional Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), most of which provide approximate solutions. Exact analytical solutions, however, are important for the proper understanding of the qualitative features of the concerned phenomena and processes. This paper introduces new effective, analytical, and computational extensions of the least square homotopy method (LSHM) for solving nonlinear systems of fractional PDEs. Moreover, the convergence theorem of the solution is also shown. A significant result of the proposed method is that this method yields exact solutions for some models of space-time fractional PDEs. The Graphical representations of solutions are also shown.
What do economic damage estimates tell us about financing loss and damage?
Authors: Tavoni Massimo , Andreoni Pietro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Loss and damages is a key topic in international negotiations, but computing the financial claims associated with climate risks is complex. We show that climate-economic impact functions can be used to estimate the size of loss and damages. A fund equalizing climate risks and responsibilities is estimated at 380 USD Billion/yr by 2025, rising over time. We discuss a research agenda that can advance the policy debate.
Designing Molecules to Treat Neurologic and Ophthalmologic Diseases Caused by Sorbitol Excess: Engineering the Agrobacterium Vitis Protein
Authors: Sharma Shonit Nair , Hojati Ashkhan , Yerrabelli Rahul S. , Gnanasambandam Bhargavee , Brozek Joshua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work presents the design of a new protein based on the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter solute binding protein (SBP). The Protein Data Bank in Europe's dictionary of chemical components was utilized to identify sorbitol and D-allitol. Allitol bound to an ABC transporter SBP was identified in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB). Wizard Pair Fitting and Sculpting tools in PyMOL were used to replace bound allitol with sorbitol. PackMover Python code was used to induce mutations in the ABC transporter SBP’s binding pocket, and changes in free energy for each protein-sorbitol complex were identified. The results indicate that charged side chains form polar bonds with sorbitol in the binding pocket, thus increasing its stabilization. In theory, the novel protein can be used as a molecular sponge to remove sorbitol from tissue and therefore treat conditions affected by sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency.
Training Effectiveness (TREF) Provided by Ethiopian Ministry of Revenues Training Centre
Authors: KASSAW MOGES MENGSTU 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate and construct a valid and reliable instrument to measure the training effectiveness (TREF) of the training program provided by the Ethiopian Ministry of Revenues Training Center to their tax officers and officials. The research was done through three TREF measures including satisfaction, learning performance, and behavioral change measures. The development of TREF was applied using descriptive statistics average variance explained (AVE), Composite Reliability (CR), and reliability. Data were analyzed using reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through Stata and Jamovi software. Significantly, the TREF as produced in this research can be used as an instrument to measure the effectiveness of training in the private and public sectors. Subsequently, this effort will support the improvement of quality human resources in the public sector for effective national policy implementation.
Risk Factors and Molecular Epidemiology of Fecal Carriage of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Patients with Liver Disease
Authors: Tian Fangbing , Li Yin , Wang Yue , Yu Bing , Song Jianxin , Ning Qin , Jian Cui , Ni Ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization is a risk factor for CRE infection. CRE infection results in an increase in mortality in patients with cirrhosis. However, minimal data regarding the prevalence of CRE colonization in patients with liver disease yet without liver transplantation are available. The present study aimed to investigate risk factors and molecular epidemiology characteristics of CRE fecal carriage among patients with liver disease.
Methods
Stool specimens from 574 adult inpatients with liver disease were collected from December 2020 to April 2021. CRE were screened using selective chromogenic agar medium and identified by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Carbapenemase genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN) isolates and Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia Coli (CR-ECO) isolates.
Results
The total number of stool specimens (732) were collected from 574 patients with liver disease. 43 non-duplicated CRE strains were isolated from 39 patients with a carriage rate of 6.79% (39/574). The carriage rate increased to 15.18% (17/112) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Multivariate analysis indicated that ACLF (P = 0.022), the history of pulmonary infection within past 3 months (P = 0.001) and the use of third generation cephalosporin/β-lactamases inhibitor within past 3 months (P = 0.000) were independent risk factors of CRE colonization in patients with liver disease. Klebsiella Pnuemoniae (KPN) (51.28%) and Escherichia coli (ECO) (30.77%) were main strains in these patients. All CRE strains showed high resistance to most antibiotics except for polymyxin B and tigecycline. Most (83.72%, 36/43) of the CRE carried carbapenemase genes. blaKPC-2 was the major carbapenemase gene. The molecular epidemiology of KPN were dominated by ST11, while the STs of ECO were scattered.
Conclusions
The present study revealed the prevalence of CRE fecal carriage in patients with liver disease without liver transplantation. Regular CRE screening for hospitalized patients with liver disease should be conducted to limite the spread of CRE strain.
A 258 year-long annual tropical glacial retreat record suggesting warming may not be related to atmospheric CO2 increase
Authors: Milana Juan , Olivares Yanira Rosales 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Glaciers receive more attention in the climate change debate given their high susceptibility to warming. Long records of direct measurements of glacial processes, however, are limited; as a result, reliable annual mass balance records usually cover less than a century. Tropical examples that are believed to be more sensitive to climate change are among the least studied glaciers worldwide. We present the longest known annual glacial retreat record extending to the present, based on annual moraines formed at the retreating terminus of the Tarija Glacier, in the Bolivian Andes. The availability of high-resolution satellite imagery confirms how these ridges form, substantiating a 258-year glacial retreat history. The annual retreat record is validated by correlation with Lake Titicaca surface level evolution: the highest ablation rate matches the highest lake level (1986-1987). Glacial retreat also matches well with a large Pampean foreland lake level evolution (Mar Chiquita), suggesting this glacier reflects continental-scale climate trends. There is, however, no correlation with CO2 concentration curves. The departure of the glacial retreat chronology, considered to be related to warming, from the CO2 evolution over the last 3 centuries, suggests CO2 does not contribute a primary effect on warming, as most models assume. However, small scale climate shifts may be related to a delayed effect of solar irradiance suggesting that the relation between solar irradiance and its impact on Earth’s surface systems needs to be better understood for a critical examination of the climate change paradigm.
On-line determination of the trace amount of cobalt(II) in real samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry method after pre-concentration by modified polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Bagherian Ghadamali , Farahani Tahere Zarnoushe , Chamjangali Mansour Arab , Ashrafi Motahare 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work reports a simple and sensitive on-line solid-phase extraction system for the pre-concentration and determination of a trace amount of Co(II (ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). This method is based on the on-line retention of cobalt ions with polyvinyl chloride modified by 3-(2-thiazolylazo)-2,6-diaminopyridine (TADAP) in a mini-column system. The retained Co(II) ions were eluted with 1.0 mol L-1 HCl, and direct aspiration to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for an accurate determination of it. The important experimental parameters such as the solution pH, length of column (adsorbent mass), sample flow rate, solvent eluent, type and concentration of the eluent, and co-existing ion effects were investigated in detail and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the concentration range of 2-150 µg L-1 for pre-concentration of 10.0 mL of the sample solution. The interassay precession (n = 6) was in the range of 1.8-5.2% at the concentration levels of 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, and 140.0 µg L-1. The limit of detection and enrichment factor were 1.3 µg L-1 and 40, respectively. The method was applied for determination of trace levels of Co(II) ions in different real samples such as tap water, waste water, vegetable, fruit, and drug with satisfactory results.