bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemically exploitative bullshit: A Sartrean account
Authors: Szanto Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel conceptualization of a type of untruthful speech that is of eminent political relevance but has hitherto been unrecognized: epistemically exploitative bullshit (EEB). Speakers engaging in EEB are bullshitting: they deceive their addressee regarding their unconcern for the very difference between truth and falsity. At the same time, they exploit their discursive victims: they oblige their counterparts to perform unacknowledged and emotionally draining epistemic work to educate the speakers about the addressees' oppression, only to discredit their epistemic trustworthiness. I argue that EEB is irreducible to various recently discussed untruthful speech, and in particular to Frankfurtian bullshit, as well as to epistemic exploitation or other epistemic injustices. Taking inspiration from Sartre's analysis of anti‐Semitic discourse, where bullshitting and epistemic exploitation are essentially interlinked, I instead suggest that recognizing the distinctiveness of EEB allows for a more refined conceptualization of these discursive phenomena. Specifically, I show how bad faith and the ensuing collective diffusion and delegation of epistemic responsibility play a so far neglected but key role here. I ultimately demonstrate that with Sartre's help, we can grasp how the existential, interpersonal and institutional dimensions involved in the negotiation of truth seamlessly intersect better than we would with the lens of analytic or critical epistemology alone.
The Gallery Visitor: Initiating Participation through Play
Authors: Ward Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUpon entering the gallery, we are met with directives, narratives, and impositions set forth by an authoritative presence. Please remove your backpack. Do not run. Do not speak too loudly. Do not touch. Do not stand too close to the artworks. The presence of security guards or invigilators enforce these instructions on how it is assumed we are to behave in such a space. But do these instructions restrict participation for the visitor? Or do they enable another type of engagement; play? Once perplexed by the visitor behaviour associated with the “museum selfie” culture, this paper will suggest the value of play in the gallery, as an initiative of the visitor to curate their own participation and engagement. In order to demonstrate these ideas of the gallery and their visitors, I will exemplify the participatory practices of Erwin Wurm's One Minute Sculptures (2017), Eva Rothschild's Boys and Sculpture (2012) and Yayoi Kusama's Infinity Rooms, to illustrate the inherent connection between play, learning and embodiment and the gallery visitor.
Spinner dolphin residency in tropical atoll lagoons: Diurnal presence, seasonal variability and implications for nutrient dynamics
Authors: Letessier T. B. , Johnston J. , Delarue J. , Martin B. , Anderson R. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMobile predators serve important ecological functions, including acting as nutrient vectors between different ecosystems. In coral reefs, pelagic nutrient subsidies are believed to play an increasingly important role under ongoing and projected environmental changes. Here, we combine visual sightings with passive acoustic monitoring to report habitat use and behaviour by cetaceans within atoll lagoons in the Maldives and Chagos archipelagoes. We demonstrate that spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) are the most widely distributed and numerically abundant cetacean inside these atolls (>90% of all individual cetaceans by numbers). Our visual and acoustic observations both provide evidence of a regular diurnal behaviour, where dolphins enter the lagoons during the morning, for day‐time resting, and exit during the afternoon, for night‐time foraging offshore. Using standard metabolic models and timing of lagoonal residencies, we estimate that a dolphin pod would deposit approximately 288 ± 17 kg year−1 of nitrogen of primarily mesopelagic origin inside the lagoons. The nitrogen deposited inside an atoll lagoon by a dolphin pod resident year‐round will therefore likely enhance coral reef productivity and resilience and suggests that these dolphins play a role in making pelagic energy and nutrients available to coral reefs. The absence of any acoustic detections following the reversal of the monsoon winds suggests that the short‐to‐medium‐term residency of the dolphins is sensitive to seasonal productivity dynamics.
Concordant patterns of morphological, stable isotope and genetic variation in a recent ecological radiation (Salmonidae: Coregonus spp.)
Authors: Bernal Moisés A. , Yule Daniel L. , Stott Wendylee , Evrard Lori , Dowling Thomas E. , Krabbenhoft Trevor J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGroups of sympatric taxa with low interspecific genetic differentiation, but considerable ecological differences, offer great opportunities to study the dynamics of divergence and speciation. This is the case of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, which are characterized by a complex evolutionary history and are commonly described as having undergone an adaptive radiation. In this study, morphometrics, stable isotopes and transcriptome sequencing were used to study the relationships within the Coregonus artedi complex in western Lake Superior. We observed general concordance for morphological, ecological and genomic variation, but the last was more taxonomically informative as it showed less overlap among species in multivariate space. Low levels of genetic differentiation were observed between individuals morphologically identified as Coregonus hoyi and C. zenithicus, which could be evidence of incomplete lineage sorting or recent hybridization between the two groups. Transcriptome‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibited significant divergence for genes associated with vision, development, metabolism and immunity among species that occupy different habitats. This study highlights the importance of using an integrative approach when studying groups of taxa with a complex evolutionary history, as individual‐level analyses of multiple independent data sets can provide a clearer picture of the patterns and processes associated with the origins of biodiversity.
Eosinophilic peritonitis in children undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kenan Bahriye Uzun , Büyükkaragöz Bahar , Leventoğlu Emre , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEosinophilic peritonitis (EP) constitutes a significant number of culture‐negative peritonitis cases that can affect 16–60% of the patients who are treated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although it is mainly considered to be the hypersensitivity response of the peritoneum to foreign substances, it can also develop following culture‐positive peritonitis attacks. Besides the presence of more than 100 white blood cells (WBC)/ml, the diagnosis is made with the high number of eosinophils in the dialysate fluid (>10%), usually accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. In this study, a 12‐year‐old male patient, who was diagnosed as EP as early as in the first week of PD catheter placement and treated with systemic antihistamines was reported. Additionally, clinical aspects and treatment modalities of EP are presented with a detailed literature review. Although EP is usually a self‐limiting clinical manifestation with a benign outcome, it can be overlooked due to the lack of a routine reporting of the count and percentage of peritoneal eosinophils in most centers. For this reason, a detailed examination in culture‐negative peritonitis cases for EP in order to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use for these patients should be the strategy.
Melatonin supplementation for the treatment of infantile spasms: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial
Authors: Sun Yulin , Feng Weiwei , Chen Jian , Liu Miao , Shi Xiuyu , Wang Jing , Zou Liping , Xu Tao , Yang Guang 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionInfantile spasms (IS) is a type of severe epileptic encephalopathy that occurs in infancy and early childhood. IS is characterised clinically by epileptic spasms, often accompanied by sleep disorder and abnormal circadian rhythm. The endogenous circadian rhythm disorder, in turn, can make spasms worse. Melatonin has also been found to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties by adjusting the circadian rhythm. However, there are lack of relevant studies on controlling IS by using melatonin. This study aims to analyse the therapeutic effect of melatonin supplementation for the treatment of IS.Methods and analysisThis is a triple-blinded (trial participant, outcome assessor and the data analyst), prospective, randomised controlled trial to be conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China from November 2020. Patients (n=70) aged 3 months to 2 years with IS will be recruited in this study after receiving written consent from their parents or guardians. Patients will be randomly divided into two equal groups and treated with a combination of adrenocorticotropic hormone, magnesium sulfate and either melatonin or placebo. Clinical data from the patients in the two groups before and after the treatment will be collected and compared. The primary outcome will be assessed 2 weeks later by seizure diaries and reported as the average reduced rate of spasms frequency. Secondary outcomes include the response rate (the rate of spasms-free), electroencephalogram hypsarrhythmia assessment and the psychomotor development assessment (Denver Developmental Screening Test). Sleep quality and safety will also be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (reference number S2020-337-01) and was reported according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statement. Findings of this research will be disseminated through national and international meetings, conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000036208.
Breaking the myth: the association between the increasing incidence of labour induction and the rate of caesarean delivery in Finland - a nationwide Medical Birth Register study
Authors: Kruit Heidi , Gissler Mika , Heinonen Seppo , Rahkonen Leena 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the association between the rate of labour induction and caesarean delivery.DesignMedical Birth Register-based study. We used data from the nationwide Medical Birth Register collecting data on delivery outcomes on all births from 22+0 weeks and/or birth weight of at least 500 g.SettingFinland.Participants663 024 live births in Finland from 2008 to 2019.Main outcome measuresThe rates of labour induction and caesarean delivery.ResultsThe rate of labour induction increased from 17.8% to 30.3%; p<0.001, during the study. The total caesarean delivery rate was 16.5% (n=109 178). An increase of approximately 0.5% in the caesarean delivery rate occurred during the study period. The rate of caesarean delivery following labour induction slightly decreased (15.41% vs 15.35%; p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, induction of labour was associated with a reduced risk for caesarean delivery (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.74). The frequency of advanced maternal age (18.0% vs 23.5%; p<0.001), obesity (11.4% vs 15.1%; p<0.001) and gestational diabetes (9.8% vs 23.3%; p<0.001) increased during the study.ConclusionsThe 70% increase in the rate of labour induction in Finland has not led to a significant increase in the rate of caesarean delivery, which has remained one of the lowest in the world. Pregnant women in Finland are more frequently obese, older and diagnosed with gestational diabetes, which may partly explain the increase in the rate of labour induction.
Efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy versus peripheral iridectomy plus goniotomy in advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma: study protocol for a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial (the TVG study)
Authors: Gao Xinbo , Lv Aiguo , Lin Fengbin , Lu Ping , Zhang Yi , Song Wulian , Zhu Xiaomin , Zhang Hengli , Liao Mengfei , Song Yunhe , Hu Kun , Zhang Yingzhe , Peng Yuying , Tang Li , Yuan Huiping , Xie Lin , Tang Guangxian , Nie Xin , Jin Ling , Fan Sujie , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPrimary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major subtype of glaucoma that accounts for most bilateral glaucoma-related blindness globally. Filtering surgery is a conventional strategy for PACG, yet it has a long learning curve and undesirable disastrous complications. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) plays an increasing role in the management of glaucoma due to its safer and faster recovery profile; cataract surgery-based MIGS is the most commonly performed such procedure in PACG. However, for patients with a transparent lens or no indications for cataract extraction, incorporation of MIGS into PACG treatment has not yet been reported. Therefore, this multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled clinical trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy versus peripheral iridectomy plus an ab interno goniotomy in advanced PACG with no or mild cataracts.Methods and analysisThis non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised controlled trial will be conducted at seven ophthalmic departments and institutes across China. Eighty-eight patients with no or mild cataracts and advanced PACG will be enrolled and randomised to undergo trabeculectomy or peripheral iridectomy plus ab interno goniotomy. Enrolled patients will undergo comprehensive ophthalmic examinations before and after surgery. The primary outcome is intraocular pressure (IOP) at 12 months postoperatively. The secondary outcomes are cumulative success rate of surgery, surgery-related complications and number of IOP-lowering medications. Participants will be followed up for 36 months postoperatively.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the ethical committees of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, China (ID: 2021KYPJ191) and of all subcentres. All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated in international academic meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05163951.
Cannabis consumption in young adults with cancer: descriptive study
Authors: Donovan Kristine A , Dolan Alex , Lubrano di Ciccone Barbara B , Babilonia Margarita Bobonis , Skinner Amber , Reed Damon R , Portman Diane G 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveIn the USA, the increase in state-sanctioned medical and recreational cannabis consumption means more young adults (YA) with cancer are using cannabis. Data and information are needed to characterise this use and frame much needed discussions about the role of cannabis in cancer care. To that end, this study’s objective was to describe consumption of cannabis in YA with cancer.MethodsFour hundred seventy-six patients with cancer ages 18–39 years at a large comprehensive cancer centre responded to a survey about their cannabis consumption. The survey was administered online between July 2019 and June 2020, and respondents were anonymous.ResultsFifty-two per cent (n=247) of respondents endorsed use within the last year; of these, half reported using cannabis prior to their diagnosis. Consumption was about equally distributed between smoking/inhalation and eating/drinking cannabis products. Seventy-five per cent of consumers used cannabis at least weekly. Top five primary reasons for use were pain, anxiety, nausea, sleep and recreation. More frequent consumption was associated with greater perceived improvement in certain symptoms. Cannabis products tended to be sourced from friends and family and information from non-medical sources. Most YA reported being comfortable discussing their consumption with providers.ConclusionsMany YA are using cannabis frequently to manage their cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms. Findings support the need for providers to consider cannabis use in treatment planning and symptom management with YA. Findings should help frame patient and provider discussions and herald much needed research on the effect of cannabis consumption on patient outcomes.
Revisiting Chaplygin gas cosmologies with the recent observations of high-redshift quasars
Authors: Zheng Jie , Cao Shuo , Lian Yujie , Liu Tonghua , Liu Yuting , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we use the latest observations of quasars covering the redshift range of $$0.04<z<5.1$$

0.04
<
z
<
5.1

to investigate a series of Chaplygin gas models as candidates for unified dark matter and dark energy. Based on different combinations of available standard candle and standard ruler data, we put constraints on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG), modified Chaplygin gas (MCG), new generalized Chaplygin gas (NGCG) and viscous generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) models. Moreover, we apply Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD), statefinder diagnostics, and the deviance information criterion (DIC) to distinguish these CG models, based on the statistical results derived from Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The results show that (1) The standard ruler data could provide more stringent constraints on the cosmological parameters of different CG models considered in this analysis. Interestingly, the matter density parameter $$\varOmega _{m}$$

Ω
m

and Hubble constant $$H_{0}$$

H
0

derived from the available data are well consistent with those from the Planck 2018 results; (2) Based on the statistical criteria JSD, our findings demonstrate the well consistency between Chaplygin gas and the concordance $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model. However, in the framework of statefinder diagnostics, the GCG and NGCG models cannot be distinguished from $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM, while MCG and VGCG models show significant deviation from $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM in the present epoch; (3) According to the the statistical criteria DIC, we show that the MCG and VGCG models have substantial observational support from high-redshift quasars, whereas the GCG and NGCG models miss out on the less observational support category but can not be ruled out.
High radiative recombination in GaN-based yellow light-emitting diodes
Authors: Khan Sibghatullah , Usman Muhammad , Ali Shazma , Rasheed Saad , Saeed Sana 
Published: July 2022

The radiative recombination rate is greatly enhanced by the conversion of GaN last quantum barrier (LQB) into aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) LQB and further into graded AlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) in GaN-based yellow light-emitting diode (LED) with emission between 510 nm and 580 nm. Our simulation results reveal an increase in carrier concentration and, therefore, reduction in electron-hole asymmetry in multiple quantum wells (MQWs). The proposed structure demonstrates that in MQWs, the chance of the electron-hole (e-h) overlapping increases. When compared to conventional LED, the radiative recombination increases by 70%, while the hole concentration increases by 20%. In our proposed structure, the turn-on voltage is also decreased from 3.2 V to 2.9 V
Subfertile patients underestimate their risk factors of reprotoxic exposure
Authors: Nouiakh Nadia , Sunyach Claire , Jos Sarah-Lyne , Sari-Minodier Irène , Metzler-Guillemain Catherine , Courbiere Blandine , Bretelle Florence , Perrin Jeanne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Exposure of men and women to environmental reprotoxic agents is associated with impaired fertility and pregnancy rates after assisted reproductive treatment (ART). Nevertheless, such exposures are generally not systematically assessed in current practice before ART and subfertile men are generally less explored than women. Our objective was to study subfertile men and women’s level of knowledge about reprotoxic agents, their perception of their own risk factors and the correlation between perceived and identified circumstances of exposure.

Results
In our public university hospital, 390 subfertile patients (185 men and 185 women) requiring assisted reproduction technique (ART) treatment, completed a self-report questionnaire before consultation, in order to assess patients’ knowledge of reprotoxic exposures, sources of information about them and perception of their own circumstances of exposure. Then a standardized questionnaire was used by the physician during the consultation to estimate domestic, environmental and occupational risk factors of reprotoxic exposures (RFRE). We compared the patients’ perception of exposure with the estimated RFRE.
The reprotoxic agents knowledge score of patients was 61%. Their main sources of information were the media (40%), the internet (22%) and gynecologists (15%). The standardized questionnaire identified RFRE in 265/390 patients (68%); risk factor was statistically more frequent in men (77%) than in women (59%) (p < 0.05). In total, 141 of the 265 patients with identified RFRE (53%) were aware of their risk factor of reprotoxic exposure.

Conclusion
We identified risk factors of reprotoxic exposures in the majority of subfertile patients, more frequently in men than in women, and half of patients were not aware of their exposures. Patients’ main sources of information were extra medical. Efforts should be made to inform patients, especially men, about potential reprotoxic exposure and to enhance medical training about reprotoxic agents, as recommended by international guidelines. The detection and correction of environmental exposures in subfertile men could improve their fecundity, but also their general health, which has been shown to be poorer than health of fertile men.