bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Turkish Beauveria bassiana isolates for the management of the polyphagous planthopper, Orosanga japonica Melichar 1898 (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)
Authors: Erper Ismail , Ak Kibar , Turkkan Muharrem , Yildirim Elif , Alkan Mehtap , Ozer Goksel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Entomopathogenic fungi are a potential biological control agent for many pests. In this study, 14 native Beauveria bassiana isolates were molecularly identified and assessed for their virulence and mortality against adults of the polyphagous planthopper Orosanga japonica, Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) a polyphagous sap-feeding insect, under laboratory conditions.

Results
Isolates obtained from naturally infected adults O. japonica were molecularly identified as B. bassiana by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer and 26S large subunit of ribosomal DNA. In the bioassay, the radial growth and sporulation of isolates significantly differed (P < 0.05). Concentration–time bioassays demonstrated that all isolates had a lethal effect on adult O. japonica at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia ml–1. The lethal times LT50 and LT90 values for each B. bassiana isolate, which indicate the time required to kill O. japonica, ranged between 2.44–3.19 and 3.78–5.01 days, respectively, at 20 °C, while their values were 1.74–2.76 and 2.76–4.10 days, respectively, at 25 °C depending on the native isolates. The concentration–mortality response showed a statistically significant difference between some isolates B. bassiana tested against adult O. japonica individuals (P < 0.05). With an LC50 value of 2.29 × 106 conidia ml–1, the lowest effective EPF isolate for O. japonica was KA-78-14. The isolates caused 100% adult mortality in O. japonica within five days, while the mortality in the control group was less than 10%.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that some B. bassiana isolates were more virulent on O. japonica and may play an important role in the biocontrol of O. japonica in Turkey.
A case of late-onset spondylodiscitis within the longest duration: 9 years after posterior instrumentation
Authors: Kurtulus Yunus , Baskurt Ozan , Yavuz Ahmed Yasin , Avci Idris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Spondylodiscitis is infections of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral body with insidious onset. These infections are primarily haematogenous in origin. Early spinal infections after posterior spinal instrumentation usually occur within 3 months after surgery, whereas late infections may occur up to 8 years after surgery but are rare with an incidence of 1.9%.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who complained of febrile back pain and developed late-onset spondylodiscitis 9 years after pedicle screw fixation, which is the longest-onset case. She was treated with surgical instrument removal and thorough debridement of the infected tissue with long-term antimicrobial treatment, with excellent results.

Conclusions
If there is radiculopathy and fever associated with spinal surgery in the history, it should be remembered that evaluation of lumbar spine MRI and acute phase reactions is crucial, and spondylodiscitis should also be considered in the preliminary diagnosis even after 9 years.
Towards water literacy: an interdisciplinary analysis of standards for teaching and learning about humans and Water
Authors: Mostacedo-Marasovic Silvia-Jessica , Mott Brooke Colleen , White Holly , Forbes Cory T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater is critical to sustain human existence. Water literacy involves understanding the interactions within and between natural and human dimensions of water systems to support informed decision-making, an important outcome for learners of all ages. It is therefore critical to foster water literacy in today’s global citizens, particularly through formal education. The purpose of this study, in tandem with a parallel study focusing on natural dimensions of water systems (Mostacedo-Marasovic et al., in press), is to examine water-related K-12 standards for teaching and learning about human dimensions of water systems to develop a comprehensive and transdisciplinary perspective on water education. Our overarching question is, “What do disciplinary standards specify as outcomes for students’ learning about water and humans?”. Our research questions are: i) “To what extent do these water-related standards address recognized domains of learning?” and ii) “What thematic outcomes for students’ learning are apparent across grades in these water-related standards?”. We use chi-square statistics and a conventional qualitative content analysis method complemented by processes from grounded theory to analyze water-related education standards (N = 341) from 12 education-oriented, governmental and non-governmental organizations based in the United States. Our results indicate that first, water-related standards emphasize the cognitive domain, including declarative and procedural knowledge. The affective domain and its social and emotional components are much less prevalent. Second, the water-related standards illustrate five categories which encompass human dimensions of water spanning K-12 grade bands, including human settlements; the nexus between water, food, and energy; public health; impacts of human activities on water quality and quantity; and water resources management. Overall, the study contributes to a more holistic and comprehensive perspective of water and human systems that can help inform teaching and learning to cultivate water literacy, including curriculum development and classroom pedagogy.
A genetic study of the association of six polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis in the Egyptian population
Authors: Ibrahim Alaa M. , Hassan Nada M. , Saad Mohamed N. , Mabrouk Mai S. , Shaker Olfat G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the tissues of the joints by mistake. Different factors—either genetic or environmental—affect the development of the RA disease in patients. A lot of studies aimed to examine the genetic associations with this disease in different populations. This research aspires to perform a genetic association study between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RA disease in the Egyptian population with 49 controls and 52 patients. The SNPs that are included in this study are MIR146A rs2910164 (C:G), MIR499/MIR499A rs3746444 (T:C), MTMR3 rs12537(C:T), MIR155HG rs767649 (A:T), IRAK1 rs3027898 (A:C) and PADI4 rs1748033 (C:T).

Methods
Real-time PCR with TaqMan allelic discrimination assay were both used to perform the genotyping. The Odds ratio models with 95% confidence interval were used to test the associations. The used models are multiplicative, recessive, dominant and co-dominant.

Result
The demonstrated results indicated that rs2910164 and rs12537 were associated with RA, while rs3746444 showed no association in all the tested models. The remaining SNPs were excluded as they didn't pass the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test.

Conclusion
The MIR146A and MTMR3 polymorphisms showed susceptibility to RA. Moreover, MIR499/MIR499A had no role in the disease.
Hospital In Home: Evaluating Need and Readiness for Implementation (HENRI) in the Department of Veterans Affairs: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation and participatory implementation planning study
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer L. , Yousefi-Nooraie Reza , D’Arcy Derek , Levine Adele , Zimmerman Lindsey , Shin Marlena H. , Franzosa Emily , Hung William , Intrator Orna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Hospital-In-Home (HIH) program delivers patient-centered, acute-level hospital care at home. Compared to inpatient care, HIH has demonstrated improved patient safety, effectiveness, and patient and caregiver satisfaction. The VA Office of Geriatrics & Extended Care (GEC) has supported the development of 12 HIH program sites nationally, yet adoption in VA remains modest, and questions remain regarding optimal implementation practices to extend reach and adaptability of this innovation. Guided by theoretical and procedural implementation science frameworks, this study aims to systematically gather evidence from the 12 HIH programs and to develop a participatory approach to engage stakeholders, assess readiness, and develop/adapt implementation strategies and evaluation metrics.

Research design and methods
We propose a multi-phase concurrent triangulation design comprising of (1) qualitative interviews with key informants and document review, (2) quantitative evaluation of effectiveness outcomes, and (3) mixed-methods synthesis and adaptation of a Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM)-guided conceptual framework.

Results
The prospective phase will involve a participatory process of identifying stakeholders (leadership, HIH staff, veterans, and caregivers), engaging in planning meetings informed by implementation mapping, and developing implementation logic models and blueprints. The process will be assessed using a mixed-methods approach through participant observation and document review.

Discussion and implication
This study will support the continued spread of HIH programs, generate a catalog of HIH implementation evidence, and create implementation tools and infrastructure for future HIH development. The multi-phase nature of informing prospective planning with retrospective analysis is consistent with the Learning Health System framework.
Tegumental alterations and resistance of Fasciola gigantica adult worms exposed to flukicides in Egypt
Authors: Abdel‑Fatah Omima Ramadan , Arafa Waleed M. , Wahba Ahmed Anwar , El‑Dakhly Khaled Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The current study was designed to investigate the in vitro effect of commercially available fasciolicides; albendazole (40 and 400 µg/ml), triclabendazole, rafoxanide and nitroxynil (50 and 100 µg/ml, each) against Fasciola gigantica adult worms. For all, worms were incubated for 3 h. Worm's motility was macroscopically and microscopically detected. Reduction of egg deposition was estimated. Alterations of worm's cuticle post-treatments were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results
Nitroxynil had the most flukicidal effect with mild movement quickly disappeared within 15 min post-treatment. It showed the highest egg reduction (88.3% and 95% at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml, respectively). Findings of SEM showed severe furrowing and destruction of spines. In rafoxanide-treated group, the motility disappeared 75 min post-treatment, and the egg deposition was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 70% and 85% at the same concentrations. Teguments showed thickening, moderate furrowing and destruction of the spines. Albendazole showed the lowest effect: the motility of the worms was observed till 160 min post-treatment and the egg reduction was 43% and 75% at the same concentrations. Interestingly, in albendazole-treated flukes, the tegument had severe furrowing and spines were completely sloughed. Similarly, in triclabendazole-treated flukes, worms motility was observed till 160 min post-treatment and the egg reduction was 76.6% and 88.3%. The tegument showed swelling and mild furrowing with moderately damaged spines.

Conclusions
Nitroxynil was the most potent flukicide inducing evidential cuticular changes. Although albendazole induced the most potent cuticular damage, it showed the lowest flukicidal effect. Further in vivo study to investigate resistance/susceptibility of Fasciola species in cattle and buffaloes will be carried out.
The effect of fund size on mutual funds performance in Egypt
Authors: Farid Samar , Wahba Hayam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe growth of mutual funds investment and its importance to various economies has become more significant in the past few decades. There are many factors that affect the mutual fund performance one of those factors are fund size. The researcher will investigate the effect of fund size on mutual fund’s performance in Egypt. The results showed that Log Net asset value NAV (Log fund size) has a significant negative impact on mutual fund performance, Age has a significant negative impact on mutual fund performance. The researcher also concluded that the Fund type has significant effect on mutual funds’ performance. While Log total fund expense has a significant positive impact on mutual funds’ performance.
Assessment of ethmoid roof and olfactory fossa variations using Keros classification in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Naaz Shaista , Aramani Anita , Biradar Basavaraj N. , Jacob Carol 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a common surgery done in otorhinolaryngology, but it is also riddled with complications. The most dangerous complication is the injury to the skull base leading to cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis or damage to intracerebral vessels. Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate is the most common site of injury. Keros described the depth of the olfactory fossa in detail and divided them into three types.
This study aims to assess the anatomical variations of type of ethmoid roof and depth of olfactory fossa as per Keros classification

Methods
Descriptive study where CT scans were evaluated from the radiology department from 29 September 2018 to 20 May 2020. All the CT films were assessed according to the observation checklist.

Results
Our study included 256 patients. Males constituted 54.3% of patients, and 45.7% of patients were females. Type 2 Keros was the most common followed by type 1 and type 3. Type 3 was seen more in males, and it was statistically significant too.

Conclusion
The study evaluated the depth categorization of the ethmoid roof and its variations on the basis of age and gender. In our study, the most common type was Keros type 2, but there was a noteworthy difference between the two sides in the same individual. Therefore, extra care must be taken during surgery to note the type of Keros on each side.
Pattern of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in Nasser Institute, Egypt
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Abd El-Aal , Ahmed Mona Mansour , Salah Haitham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the most widespread chronic respiratory disease with rising morbidity and death is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), resulting in enormous societal and economic costs. COPD is a widespread, avoidable, and curable condition characterised by usual symptoms such as dyspnea, coughing, and/or sputum production. The goal of this study was to use a COPD questionnaire to analyse clinical, demographic, and available prescription pattern for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Results
Our findings suggest that patients’ early knowledge of COPD risk factors and symptoms and assistance in early illness detection and the provision of patient-centred treatment based on patients’ unique requirements in disease management are all necessary.

Conclusion
The major objective of COPD management is to control symptoms and limit the risk of exacerbation in order to enhance the quality of life of patients. In addition to pharmaceutical management, achieving these goals necessitates the adoption of a healthy lifestyle and the avoidance of risk factors.
Body size, richness, and abundance of Staphylinidae unaffected by landscape composition and cropping system in a push–pull maize system in Kenya
Authors: Devine Nina Garcia , Luttermoser Tim , Poveda Katja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe change from predominantly natural to agricultural landscapes has been shown to reduce pollination and biological control services and also affect the functional traits of the insects that provide such services. Research shows that increasing agricultural area at the landscape scale can have variable effects on functional traits such as body size in predators. Moreover, local factors such as farm management strategies have also been shown to affect functional traits in insects. Studies of local or landscape effects on functional traits are often contradictory in temperate regions, and absent from tropical regions. In Kenya, local pest management technologies, e.g. push–pull systems have been shown to increase biological control, but data is lacking on how local management could affect body size of natural enemies. We investigated how the proportion of natural areas in the landscape and local management (push–pull) affected the body size of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in Kenyan maize fields. Elytral and pronotal measurements were used to quantify body size, and a mixed-effects model was used to test the effect of landscape complexity and local management on the body size, richness, and abundance of rove beetles. We found no effect of landscape composition or local management on body size, richness, or abundance of rove beetles. We hypothesize that the lack of landscape effects could be caused by less plasticity in functional traits in tropical versus temperate zones. Our results demonstrate that changes in land use and local management do not always lead to changes in the diversity and functional traits of predator communities.
Is modafinil an effective adjunct to standard care in the treatment of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders?
Authors: Oyesanya Mayowa , Al-Juffali Noura 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYAntipsychotics are the cornerstone of schizophrenia management but they are not adequate in treating the negative and cognitive symptoms of the illness. The Cochrane review discussed in this commentary examines the safety and effectiveness of the wakefulness-promoting agent, modafinil, as an adjunct to standard care in the mitigation of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Add-on modafinil, compared to add-on placebo and standard treatment, did not result in a clear benefit. Due to the heterogenous body of evidence, the quality of which ranged from very low to moderate, the review's conclusions are equivocal.
Greek Women’s Habits through the Eyes of Early Travellers to Chios
Authors: Mitsi Efterpi 
Published: August 2022

Focusing on the images and interpretation of clothing in relation to geographical and cultural space, this article explores the verbal and visual representation of the women of Chios in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travel writing. The juxtaposition of text and image epitomises the women’s ambiguous depiction in relation to the growing interest in cultural differences as they are manifested through customs of dress. In Nicolas de Nicolay’s Navigations, the beauty of the women, who are compared to goddesses and nymphs, parallels the island’s wealth, fertility and glorious past. At the same time, the idealisation evident through the allusions to antiquity is counterbalanced by the women’s sexuality and extravagance, revealed through their dress, gesture and customs. In the context of the Ottoman Empire, which was seen by Nicolay and other early travellers as a realm of sexual depravation, the proliferation and reproduction of the images of Chian women suggest the ways in which gender, in particular, the dressed female body, is used to construct regional, national, and confessional identities.
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Botulinum toxin - introduction, indications and safety of usage
Authors: Kuchnicka Julia , Remjasz Klaudia , Siedlecki Wojciech , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Fabiś Mateusz 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:
This review aims to introduct botulinum toxin as a potentially efficent and safe therapeutic option in many diseases.
Material and method:
This review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed in years 2012-2021. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows “botulinum toxin”, “botox”, “bruxism”, “first bite syndrome”.
Results:
The selected studies have demonstrated that botulinum toxin usage is effective, safe and should be considered as therapeutic option in many diseases.
Conclusions:
Botulinum toxin efficiency is proven in therapy of many different types of disorders. Further studies are required to reveal its full potiential, which will most likely lead to its increasing usage in treatment.
Trigeminal Neuralgia - where are we today?
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika , Martynowicz Patrycja 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most crippling facial pain syndromes, which has a significant impact on quality of life. This chronic disorder presents as brief shock-like paroxysmal severe, stabbing pain with rapid onset in the distribution of trigeminal nerve (CNV). The aim of this article was to review the recent literature about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment methods and the important advances in all these fields.Etiology and pathomechanism: The best known and tested theory on the genesis of the trigeminal neuralgia seems to be a nerve compression at the nerve root entry-zone. However there are other theories like the trigeminal convergence-projection theory, the bioresonance hypothesis or the ignition theory that are trying to explain the etiology of TN. Treatment: Available treatment methods consist mainly of medications and surgical procedures. Surgical treatment may be divided into 2 categories: destructive and non-destructive. Among these interventions we can distinguish percutaneous rhizotomy stereotactic radiosurgery and microvascular decompression. All of them are very efficacious, however MVD is approved as the gold standard in the treatment of TN. Botulinum neurotoxin type A injections are not the first line for treatment, but it may be an attractive alternative for classic pharmaceutical or surgical therapy, as it’s safe and effective. Acupuncture is also proposed in recent studies as a valuable treatment option, even though there is little well-designed research.Conclusion: Much remains to be learned about the diagnosis, pathomechanism and methods of treatment of neuropathic pain and the efficacy of each of them. Further evidence-based studies are needed, as the amount of reliable materials is still not sufficient and lots of them have yet to be examined.
Highly efficient and tunable terahertz polarization converter based on double subwavelength metallic gratings infiltrated with liquid crystal
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Guozhen , Xu Lu , Li Ying , Deng Guangsheng , Yin Zhiping , Lu Hongbo 
Published: August 2022

In this work, a tunable cross-polarized transmission structure at the terahertz frequency was demonstrated, and the polarization state during modulation was investigated. The proposed structure can significantly enhance the polarization conversion performance of nematic liquid crystals by leveraging the formation of a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity that consists of two metal gratings. As a result, the incident waves are continuously reflected in the liquid crystal layer to complete the accumulation of polarization angle changes. From the experimental results acquired, it was concluded that the insertion loss of the cross-polarization transmission was less than 3 dB and the extinction ratio was larger than 28 dB in the frequency range of 388–426 GHz. Our work provides useful insights for improving the efficiency of cross-polarization conversion by enhancing the resonance process in a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity and, thus, significantly extending the equivalent optical path.