bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chaperones on Amyloid Formation of Аβ Peptide
Authors: Galzitskaya O.V. , Selivanova O.M. , Dzhus U.F. , Marchenkov V.V. , Suvorina M. Yu. , Surin A.K. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
An extensive study of the folding and stability of proteins and their complexes
has revealed a number of problems and questions that need to be answered. One of them is the
effect of chaperones on the process of fibrillation of various proteins and peptides.

Methods:
We studied the effect of molecular chaperones, such as GroEL and α-crystallin, on the fibrillogenesis
of the Aβ(1-42) peptide using electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance.

Results:
Recombinant GroEL and Aβ(1-42) were isolated and purified. It was shown that the assembly
of GroEL occurs without the addition of magnesium and potassium ions, as is commonly believed.
According to the electron microscopy results, GroEL insignificantly affects the fibrillogenesis of the
Aβ(1-42) peptide, while α-crystallin prevents the elongation of the Aβ(1-42) peptide fibrils. We have
demonstrated that GroEL interacts nonspecifically with Aβ(1-42), while α-crystallin does not interact
with Aβ(1-42) at all using surface plasmon resonance.

Conclusion:
The data obtained will help us understand the process of amyloid formation and the effect
of various components on it.
Functional Connectivity, Physical Activity, and Neurocognitive Performances
in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia
Authors: Chang Ya-Ting , Liu Chun-Ting , Hsu Shih-Wei , Lee Chen-Chang , Huang Pei-Ching 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (VCIND) is a key stage at
which early intervention will delay or prevent dementia. The pathophysiology of VCIND posits
that a lesion in a single location in the brain has the ability to disrupt brain networks, and the subsequent abnormal Functional Connectivity (FC) of brain networks leads to deficits in corresponding neurobehavioral domains. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that disrupted anterior cingulate cortex and striatal networks mediated the effects of Physical Activity (PA) on neurobehavioral function.

Methods:
In 27 patients with VCIND, FC within the brain networks and neurobehavioral dysfunction were assessed. The relationship between the cognitive scores, FC, and PA was studied. The Fitbit Charge 2 was used to measure step counts, distance, and calories burned. In patients with VCIND, a cross-sectional Spearman’s correlation to analyze the relationship among patient-level measures of PA, cognitive function scores, and FC strength within the brain networks.

Results:
Average step counts and average distance were associated with Trail Making Test B (TM-B) time to completion (seconds) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score (P <0.05). The average calories burned were associated with IADL score (P = 0.009). The FC within the brain networks anchored by left caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) seeds (x= -5, y= 0, z= 36) and (x= -5, y= -10, z= 47) were positively correlated with average step counts and average distance, were negatively correlated with TMB time to completion (seconds), and were positively correlated with IADL score (P < 0.05). The FC within the brain networks anchored by left subgenual ACC seed (x= -5, y= 25, z= -10) were negatively correlated with average step counts and average distance were positively correlated with TMB time to completion (seconds), and were negatively correlated with IADL score (P < 0.05). The FC within the striatal networks was positively correlated with average calories burned and IADL score (P < 0.05).
Enantioselective Michael Addition of Pyrazolin-5-ones to Nitroalkenes
Catalyzed by Novel Squaramide Organocatalyst
Authors: Ma Zhi-Wei , Liu Xiao-Feng , Chen Xiao-Pei , Wang Chuan-Chuan , Tao Jing-Chao , Lv Quan-Jian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
A new tertiary amine-thiourea organocatalyst has successfully been developed and applied
into the asymmetric Michael addition of pyrazolin-5-one to nitroalkenes. The catalyst system
performed well with a low catalyst loading of 5 mol% under mild reaction conditions. A series of
synthetically and pharmaceutically useful chiral pyrazolone derivatives was obtained in high yields
(up to 95%) with good enantioselectivities (up to 88 % ee).
Efficient Monoalkylation of Anilines with Chalcones using Microwave-Assisted aza-Michael Addition
Authors: Iida Hirokazu , Okawa Mitsuki , Leeanansaksiri Siriwat , Takahashi Kie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The aza-Michael addition is an attractive methodology for synthetic organic chemistry because
the resulting β-aminocarbonyl compounds are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of
pharmaceutically useful compounds. However, monoalkylation of aniline and its derivatives is quite
difficult because anilines are poor nucleophiles compared to monoalkylated ones. Since the publication
of pioneering articles in 1986, the development of microwave-assisted organic synthesis has been remarkable.
Therefore, we began by investigating the monoalkylation of aniline and its derivatives under
microwave irradiation. Because of the ready formation of bisalkylated products, the monoalkylation
reaction between anilines and Michael acceptors is quite difficult. To overcome the difficulty, we investigated
the effect of microwave irradiation for the alkylation of anilines with chalcones as Michael
acceptors. Microwave-assisted aza-Michael addition proceeded smoothly to obtain mainly the monoalkylated
Michael adduct. The substitution effects of both chalcone and aniline concerning the yield were
also studied. We supposed that dimer formation by two monoalkylated compounds produces a bulky
environment around the amino group, which prevents monoalkylated compounds from undergoing a
second alkylation. We confirmed a highly efficient and rapid method for preparing monoalkylated anilines
using microwave-assisted aza-Michael addition between anilines and chalcones.
Synthesis of Isatin Derivatives Exhibiting Antibacterial, Antifungal and
Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Ahmad Maqbool , Mehmood Rana Farhat , Shaheen Afifa , Qaiser Shama , Niaz Shah Iram , Ali Muhammad , Irshad Misbah , Mehmood Sajid , A. Abubshait Samar , A. Abubshait Haya , Imran Muhammad , Rauf Abdur , Ali Omar M. , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The current objective was to synthesize biologically active Isatin derivatives. For this purpose, six (06) chemical entities of Isatin derivatives such as 3a-3c and 4a-4c were syn-thesized from Isatin substrate.

Methods:
The pure compounds were characterized with the help of 1H-NMR, FT-IR, EIMS spectro-scopic techniques. The synthesized amines 3a-3c and hydrazones 4a-4c were evaluated for their toxicity potential with the help of brine shrimp bioassay.

Results:
The obtained results revealed that 3c exhibited promising toxicity (LD50 = 1.03 × 10-5 M) against Artemia salina. The pure chemical entities such as compounds 3a-3c and 4a-4c were evalu-ated against four Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. flexneri) and two Gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) bacteriae. The compound 3a displayed significant activity against two bacte-rial strains; i.e. P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, compound 3c demonstrated significant activity against P. aeruginosa. Compound 4b was the most active against S. typhi, displaying a greater diameter of the growth of inhibition zone (GIZ) than the standard drug. Compound 4c exhibited significant activity against P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. Compounds 3a-3c and 4a-4c exhibited moderate to significant antibacterial activity against three out of five strains. Only Compound 3c revealed promising toxici-ty (LD50 = 1.03 × 10-5 M) against Artemia salina. Antifungal studies of the compounds 3a-3c and 4a-4c against six fungal cultures; T. longifusus, C. albicans, A. flavus, M. canis, F. solani, and C. glabrata. All the compounds were active against one or more pathogens having inhibition (10-90 %). Compound 3a exhibited significant inhibition i.e. 90 % against M. canis, 70 % against T. longifusus, Compound 4b further displayed significant inhibition (90 %) against A. flavus and thus proved to be the most active member of the series.

Conclusion:
All compounds showed better antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities, which may provide a ground to prepare enhanced molecules with much higher antibacterial activities.
Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism of Plant-mediated Synthesis of
Silver Nanoparticles – A Review
Authors: Singh Sushila , Dalal Ritu , Sangwan Seema , Moond Monika , Beniwal Rajita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
In the past few decades, metal nanoparticles have received a great deal of attention from
researchers. Particularly, silver nanoparticles have great potential in a wide range of applications such
as antimicrobials, drug delivery carriers, sensors, optoelectronics, and attractive gadgets. Designing a
systematic and natural or environmentally-friendly method for blending metal nanoparticles could be
a principal step within the field of nanotechnology. Awareness of “green nanotechnology” in nanoparticle
synthesis is developing amongst scientists. In the recent decade, more than a hundred different
plant extract sources for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been described. The majority
of publications focused on the union and characterization of several plant parts; however, a few
articles focused on the role of biomolecules in plants and the working conditions involved in the
amalgamation. This review highlights the potential of plant extracts in the synthesis of AgNPs with a
special focus on the biochemical and molecular mechanism involved in the synthesis of AgNPs using
plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. The present review also includes the characterization of
AgNPs and the physical parameters affecting the size and shape of AgNPs.
Thermal Reactions Leading to the Emission Waves in Different Parts of
the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Authors: Khudyakov Igor V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Thermal reactions accompanied by emission of light (UV-Vis, IR, radio waves) are briefly
reviewed. The Boltzmann law requires that molecules (atoms, ions, radicals, radical-ions) have distribution
of energy levels according to the exponential law. Criteria for observation of emission of
light quanta are presented. The well-known example is chemiluminescence, where a thermally “hot”
molecular product returns to the ground state emitting light. Other types of similar reactions are presented.
The observation of microwave emission is discussed.
CT Imaging Findings of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Eroglu Atilla , Ogul Hayri , Aydin Yener 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis in
the metacestode stage. The disease involves the liver in almost all cases, and additionally, lung involvement
is accompanied in approximately 13% of the cases. Due to the low incidence of pulmonary
alveolar echinococci, there are few case reports of lung involvement in the literature. In this study,
computed tomography (CT) findings related to pulmonary involvement in alveolar echinococcosis
cases, which have increased worldwide in recent years, were evaluated.
Health Beneficial Aspect and Therapeutic Potential of Cirsimaritin in the
Medicine for the Treatment of Human Health Complications
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Herbal plants have been used in medicine for the treatment of numerous
human health complications. Plant-derived products, including extract, botanicals, and preparations,
have been used in medicine and other allied health sectors since a very early age and have
been available in the market for several decades. Flavonoids have been a well-known class of phytochemicals
in medicine due to their anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and
hepatoprotective potential.

Method:
In order to know the medicinal importance and therapeutic benefit of cirsimaritin in
medicine, in the present investigation, scientific research data have been collected and analyzed
from various literature data sources, including Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed,
and Scopus. Detailed pharmacological activities of cirsimaritin have been analyzed to know the biological
potential of cirsimaritin. However, for the standardization of plant material, numerous analytical
techniques have been developed in the scientific field, and analytical data of cirsimaritin
have been collected and analyzed in the present work.

Results:
Cirsimaritin, also called 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, is a flavonoidal class phytochemical
found to be present in the medicinal plant. It has been utilised in medicine to address a
wide range of human health issues. Through the analysis of scientific data, it was found that cirsimaritin
has numerous health beneficial aspects due to its vast pharmacological activities. Its medicinal
importance is mainly due to its anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Further data analysis revealed the therapeutic effectiveness of cirsimaritin on breast cancer, gallbladder
carcinoma, central nervous system disorders, diabetes mellitus, melanogenesis, immune responses,
human erythrocytes, and respiratory burst. The importance of GC-MS, LC-MS, HSSPME,
FTIR, ICP-OES, MS, NMR, LC/ESI-MS/MS, HPLC, reversed-phase HPLC, and TLC techniques
for the analysis of cirsimaritin has been revealed.

Conclusion:
The biological importance of cirsimaritin for the treatment of human health complications
was revealed; it could also be used for the development of effective medicine against human
disorders.
Gallium Components-Based Drug Delivery: A Potential Treatment for
COVID-19
Authors: Torabi Sara , Bahreini Farbod , Rezaei Nima 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) showing new characteristics
and manifesting new variants, the efficacy of vaccination can be reduced. In the meanwhile,
no SARS-CoV-2-specific drug has been introduced in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) yet, and currently used drugs have also shown serious side effects in patients under
treatment. Thus, it is pivotal to continue researching potential therapeutics to treat COVID-19. Recently,
studies have shown that Gallium maltolate disrupts the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and therefore
has antiviral activity against this virus. Nevertheless, as Gallium compounds have manifested
serious side effects in the human body (e.g., hemoglobin synthesis dysfunction and pulmonary complications),
drug delivery methods should be recruited to minimize the possible side effects and to optimize
the efficacy of the drug in the fight against COVID-19. Liposomes, as nanocarriers, not only
increase the half-life of the conjugated compound but also have shown promising features in the delivery
of COVID-19-specific drugs to the target tissue. Herein, we propose that conjugation of Gallium
maltolate with liposome nanocarriers can be beneficial to target tissues infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Humanin Ameliorates Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aged Male Rats
Authors: El Kattawy Hany A. , Abozaid Eman R. , Abdullah Doaa M. 
Published: January 2022

Background:The potential to reproduce declines with age. Late-onset hypogonadism is characterized by reduced serum testosterone. Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide encoded by short open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome. It may protect against some age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis by its cytoprotective effects.Objective:The study aimed to investigate the potential anti-aging effects of humanin on the testicular architecture, oxidative stress, some apoptotic and inflammatory markers in the hypogonadal aged male rats.Methods:Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: normal adult controls, aged vehicle- treated group, aged testosterone-treated group, and aged humanin-treated group. Twenty-month- old male rats with declined serum testosterone were selected to be the animal models of lateonset hypogonadism. Testicular weights, serum testosterone, and some sperm parameters were measured. Testicular tissue IL-6 and TNF-α, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were assessed. The activity of caspase-3, BCL2, PCNA, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element pathway were evaluated. Testes were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Statistical analysis was executed using One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post hoc (LSD) test to compare means among all studied groups.Result:Humanin treatment significantly improved serum testosterone, sperm characteristics, and antioxidant defenses. It decreased active caspase-3, pro-apoptotic BAX expression, and increased antiapoptotic BCL2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) possibly via activating the (Nrf2- ARE) pathway.Conclusion:Humanin might be a promising therapeutic modality in late-onset hypogonadism as it ameliorated some age-related testicular and hormonal adverse effects.
Evaluation of the Effect of Isobutyl Paraben and 2-ethyl Hexyl Paraben on
P-glycoprotein Functional Expression in Rats: A Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y. , Ghraiybah Nour F. Al , I. Al-Azzam Sayer 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Pharmaceutical excipients have been shown to influence drug disposition
through modulating transport protein.

Objectives:
This study assessed the effect of single dose administration of parabens on the pharmacokinetics
(PK) of digoxin, a probe substrate of p-glycoprotein (p-gp), in vivo. Also, the effect of
multiple dosing of parabens on p-gp expression was examined.

Methods:
Rats were randomized into four groups that received either the vehicle, 25 mg/ kg verapamil,
100 mg/ kg isobutyl paraben, or 100 mg/ kg 2-ethyl hexyl paraben, which was followed by
giving 0.2 mg/ kg digoxin via oral gavage. Blood samples were collected at different time points,
digoxin concentration was measured using LC/MS-MS, and digoxin PK parameters were estimated.
Another set of rats received multiple doses of parabens for 14 days, followed by measuring intestinal
and hepatic mRNA expression of p-gp using qRT-PCR.

Results:
Single dose administration of verapamil significantly increased Cmax (by 60.4 %) and
AUC0-t (by 61.7 %) of digoxin compared to the control group, while the PK parameters of digoxin
in rats exposed to parabens were not significantly different from the control. Consistently, the mRNA
expression of p-gp in the intestine and liver was not affected by parabens treatment.

Conclusions:
The lack of isobutylparaben and 2-ethylhexyl paraben effect on p-gp may suggest
the insignificant interaction of parabens with p-gp drug substrates, which could be considered for
safety when designing pharmaceutical formulations.
Chemical Constituents ofClusia nemorosaFruits and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ferreira Rafaela Oliveira , Galo Jéssica Colodette , Lopes Paula Monteiro , Moreno Daniela Sales Alviano , da Silva Tania Maria Sarmento , de Carvalho Mário Geraldo 
Published: January 2022

Background:Clusia nemorosa, popularly known as pororoca, is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation.Objective:The current study was conducted to isolate and identify bioactive compounds from C. nemorosa fruits and to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.Method:The isolation and structural elucidation of the substances were carried out by usual chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts of C. nemorosa fruits was measured by DPPH assay and antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Rhizopus oryzae.Results:The chemical investigation of the fruit extract of C. nemorosa led to the identification of two phenolic acids, protocatechuic acid (1) and coumaric acid (6), a flavonoid apigenin (7), glycosyl-β- sitosterol (4), glycosyl-stigmasterol (5), citric acid (3), and the trimethyl citrate ester (2). The fraction in AcOET showed the best scavenging activity of the DPPH radical, with IC50 = 23.50±1.7 μg. mL-1. The extracts were inactive against the tested microorganisms up to 2500 μg. mL-1.Conclusion:With the exception of the steroid glycosyl-β-sitosterol, the substances are described for the first time in the species, and, in addition, we report the promising free radical scavenging activity showing its potential in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress.
Microwave-assisted, [Bmim]HSO4-catalyzed the Friedländer Quinoline
Synthesis of Quinoline Under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Dung Vo Cong 
Published: January 2022

Abstact:
An efficient and green method for the Friedländer quinoline synthesis has been described.
The synthesis was performed under microwave irradiation using ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO4
as a catalyst. A diverse range of quinoline derivatives was obtained in high yields from 2-aminoaryl
aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions.
Denoising and Restoring of Infrared Image of Power Equipment Based on
l2-relaxed l0 Sparse Analysis Priors
Authors: Chen Xuejun , Ma Lin , Zhuang Jianhuang 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The infrared image of electrical equipment often contains snow or is
blurred, which makes it difficult to detect and analyze its state.

Methods:
A prior infrared image denoising and restoring method based on L2-relaxation L0 analysis
is proposed. Through the prior image estimation, the problem of image de-blurring and denoising
is transformed into the problem of solving the maximum entropy of a posteriori probability, and
then the parameters are jointly optimized to widely degrade the image, so that the image is locally
sparse from the strip and edge to the linear predictable texture, and the target object to be extracted
is obtained by using the alternative iterative solution, to achieve the purpose of denoising and restoring
of the original fuzzy infrared image with noise. Two kinds of infrared images with different
brightness levels in a 220kV booster station are used for the experiments.

Results:
Compared with BM3D, TwIST, TVL1C, TVL2C, the experimental results show that the denoising
and restoration effect of the proposed method is clearly better than the four methods. The PSNR,
ISNR, and SSIM of the proposed method are greater than the others, and the calculation time is shorter.

Conclusion:
This method can not only enhance the sparsity of the infrared image target and improve
the estimation accuracy, but also has the advantages of minimum image distortion, fast convergence
speed, and preserving the target detail edge. This method can provide a new idea for other
types of infrared image denoising and restoration.
Paso de cordilleranos en el alto andino de Putaendo en perspectiva de ruta patrimonial
Authors: Gajardo Vistoso Gonzalo Osvaldo 
Published: January 2022

La cordillera de Putaendo, es un territorio de montaña escenario de una nutrida Ruta Cultural en la que ensamblan diversos elementos Históricos – principalmente el paso del Ejército de Los Andes en 1817 – naturales, culturales y formas de vida trashumante ricas en tradición y folclore, que testimonian siglos de domesticación y humanización del alto andino.
El artículo, destaca los principales elementos Históricos y culturales sincrónicos, inscritos en la Geografía cordillerana de Putaendo, a objeto de aportar claves interpretativas para una futura declaratoria como Monumento Histórico Nacional y reconocimiento como Ruta Patrimonial con valor universal, en pro de su conservación, protección y puesta en valor