bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology in pediatric patients: An international, multi‐institutional study
Authors: Maleki Zahra , Saoud Carla , Viswanathan Kartik , Kilic Irem , Tommola Erkka , Griffin Daniel T. , Heider Amer , Petrone Gianluigi , Jo Vickie Y. , Centeno Barbara A. , Saieg Mauro , Mikou Panagiota , Fadda Guido , Ali Syed Z. , Kholová Ivana , Wojcik Eva M. , Barkan Güliz A. , Eisele David W. , Bellevicine Claudio , Vigliar Elena , Wiles Austin B. , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Allison Derek B. , Dixon Glen R. , Chandra Ashish , Walsh Jonathan M. , Baloch Zubair W. , Faquin William C. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Rossi Esther Diana , Pantanowitz Liron , Troncone Giancarlo , Callegari Fabiano M. , Klijanienko Jerzy 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUNDPediatric salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is uncommon with a higher frequency of inflammatory lesions and a small proportion of malignancies. This international, multi‐institutional cohort evaluated the application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category.METHODSPediatric (0‐ to 21‐year‐old) salivary gland FNA specimens from 22 international institutions of 7 countries, including the United States, England, Italy, Greece, Finland, Brazil, and France, were retrospectively assigned to an MSRSGC diagnostic category as follows: nondiagnostic, nonneoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP), suspicious for malignancy (SM), or malignant. Cytology‐histology correlation was performed where available, and the ROM was calculated for each MSRSGC diagnostic category.RESULTSThe cohort of 477 aspirates was reclassified according to the MSRSGC as follows: nondiagnostic, 10.3%; nonneoplastic, 34.6%; AUS, 5.2%; benign neoplasm, 27.5%; SUMP, 7.5%; SM, 2.5%; and malignant, 12.4%. Histopathologic follow‐up was available for 237 cases (49.7%). The ROMs were as follows: nondiagnostic, 5.9%; nonneoplastic, 9.1%; AUS, 35.7%; benign neoplasm, 3.3%; SUMP, 31.8%; SM, 100%; and malignant, 100%. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignancy (18 of 237; 7.6%), and it was followed by acinic cell carcinoma (16 of 237; 6.8%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (95 of 237; 40.1%).CONCLUSIONSThe MSRSGC can be reliably applied to pediatric salivary gland FNA. The ROM of each MSRSGC category in pediatric salivary gland FNA is relatively similar to the ROM of each category in adult salivary gland FNA, although the reported rates for the different MSRSGC categories are variable across institutions.
Comparisons of outcomes between ProKnife injection endoscopic submucosal dissection and conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for large gastric lesions in ex vivo porcine model study: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Ihara Eikichi , Esaki Misato , Nishioka Kei , Kimura Yusuke , Hata Yoshitaka , Tsuru Hirotaka , Wada Masafumi , Minoda Yosuke , Bai Xiaopeng , Shoguchi Yoshihisa , Nasu Takayuki , Nagatomo Shuzaburo , Muta Kazumasa , Ogino Haruei , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare treatment outcomes between injection endoscopic submucosal dissection using ProKnife (P‐ESD) and conventional ESD (C‐ESD) for gastric lesions.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, we compared treatment outcomes of P‐ESD and C‐ESD for simulated gastric lesions ≥3 cm in resected porcine stomachs. Predictive factors associated with ESD difficulties were investigated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsSeventy lesions were screened; however, two lesions were excluded. A total of 12 endoscopists performed 68 ESDs: 34 P‐ESDs and 34 C‐ESDs. The ESD procedure time of P‐ESD (36.3 [28.4–46.8] min) was significantly shorter than that of C‐ESD (46 [36.4–64.6] min; p = 0.0014). The technical success rates did not differ between the P‐ESD and C‐ESD groups (en bloc resection rate, 100% in both groups; complete resection rate, 94.1% and 85.3%, respectively; p = 0.23). The number of injections during P‐ESD (7.5 [6–10] times) was significantly higher than during C‐ESD (4 [3–5] times; p < 0.001), but the total volume of injected solution during P‐ESD (20 [16–26.3] ml) was significantly smaller than during C‐ESD (27.5 [20–31.5] ml; p = 0.0019). In multivariate analysis, less ESD experience (odds ratio [OR], 3.9) and selection of C‐ESD as the ESD method (OR, 3.8) were independent predictive factors associated with ESD difficulties.ConclusionsCompared with C‐ESD, P‐ESD had a shorter procedure time but also allowed for notable technical success and safety.
Covid‐19 lockdown showed a likely beneficial effect on diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Bonnet Jean‐Baptiste , Macioce Valérie , Jalek Abdulkader , Bouchdoug Karim , Elleau Cécile , Gras‐Vidal Marie‐Françoise , Pochic Julie , Avignon Antoine , Sultan Ariane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsDuring the Covid‐19 epidemic, many countries imposed population lockdown. This study aimed to analyse diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) evolution of outpatients between the lockdown period and 1 month after its end.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational, single‐centre study without modification of care. All patients who followed up for a DFU in the study centre between 15 April 2020 and 11 May 2020 were included. The baseline assessment occurred 4 weeks after the beginning of lockdown and the follow‐up visit 4–6 weeks after easing of lockdown. The primary analysis was based on the Site, Ischaemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial infection, Area, Depth (SINBAD) classification.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were included, median 69.4 years, and 25 were followed‐up at easing of lockdown. The median SINBAD score was 2 (interquartile range 1; 3) at inclusion and 1 (1; 2) at easing of lockdown, with a mean change of −0.32 (95% confidence interval −0.93; 0.29). Seventy‐two percent of the population had a stable or improved score between the two visits. The proportion of patients using off‐loading footwear was higher among those whose SINBAD score improved compared to those whose score worsened or remained stable (72%, 44% and 28%, respectively). Diabetes type was linked to DFU prognosis. Five patients (20%) were hospitalized during the follow‐up period.ConclusionLockdown appears to have had a positive effect on DFU if patients remain under the care of their expert wound centre. We believe this effect is related to better compliance with offloading. The wide use of tele‐medicine seems relevant for the follow‐up of DFU.
The association between serum selenium level and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Tang Yiwei , Ji Ye , Yu Haitao , Li Yueting , Piao Chunji , Xie Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between serum selenium level and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is controversial. The purpose is to update and summarize previous studies to understand the relationship in more detail.MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of science, CNKI, WANFANG DATA and Cqvip were searched for studies published up to 3 September 2021. The random‐effects model was used to measure the combined estimation. The overall effect was reported in a standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). All data were analysed by Review Manager 5.4.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies involving 1588 patients with GDM and 2450 healthy pregnant women contributed to this meta‐analysis. Selenium level was significantly lower in women with GDM than those without GDM (SMD = −1.29; 95% CI: −1.60 to −0.97, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses showed that such trend was consistent within the non‐European population (Asia: SMD = −1.44; 95% CI: −1.79 to −1.08, p < 0.00001; Africa: SMD = −2.62; 95% CI: −4.50 to −0.74, p = 0.006) and in the second and third trimesters (the second trimester: SMD = −1.41; 95% CI: −1.82 to −0.99, p < 0.00001; the third trimester: SMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.09 to −0.98, p < 0.00001), but not within the European population (SMD = −0.47; 95% CI: −1.09 to 0.16, p = 0.14) or in the first trimester (SMD = −0.52; 95% CI: −1.13 to 0.10, p = 0.10).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed that the serum selenium level of patients with GDM was lower than that in healthy pregnant women, especially within the non‐European population and in the second and third trimesters.
Investigating population dynamics from parentage analysis in the highly endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis
Authors: Peyran Claire , Boissin Emilie , Morage Titouan , Nebot‐Colomer Elisabet , Iwankow Guillaume , Planes Serge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding dispersal patterns is a major focus for conservation biology as it influences local survival and resilience in case of local disturbance, particularly for sessile species. Dispersal can be assessed through parentage analyses by estimating family structure and self‐recruitment. This study documents the family structure of a pelagic spawner, Pinna nobilis, which is facing a major crisis that threatens its survival as most of its populations have been decimated by a parasite, Haplosporidium pinnae. In this context, we focused on a single population (Peyrefite, Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France) where 640 individuals were sampled in 2011, 2015, and 2018 and genotyped for 22 microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity was high and homogeneous among years, with mean allele numbers ranging between 13.6 and 14.8 and observed heterozygosities (Ho) between 0.7121 and 0.7331. Low, but significant, genetic differentiations were found between 2011–2015 and 2015–2018. A parentage analysis described 11 clusters, including one prevailing, and revealed that 46.9% of individuals were involved in half‐sib relationships, even between years, suggesting that source populations were recurrent year after year. There were few individuals resampled between years (30 in 2015 and 14 in 2018), indicating a rapid turnover. Considering the large number of half‐sib relationships but the low number of relations per individual, we conclude that P. nobilis exhibit homogeneous reproductive success. Self‐recruitment was not detected, making this population highly vulnerable as replenishment only relies on connectivity from neighboring populations. In the context of the pandemic caused by H. pinnae, these results will have to be considered when choosing a location to reintroduce individuals in potential future rescue plans.
Pieces in a global puzzle: Population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Hardenstine Royale S. , He Song , Cochran Jesse E. M. , Braun Camrin D. , Cagua Edgar Fernando , Pierce Simon J. , Prebble Clare E. M. , Rohner Christoph A. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Sinclair‐Taylor Tane H. , Skomal Gregory B. , Thorrold Simon R. , Watts Alexandra M. , Zakroff Casey J. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe whale shark Rhincodon typus is found throughout the world's tropical and warm‐temperate ocean basins. Despite their broad physical distribution, research on the species has been concentrated at a few aggregation sites. Comparing DNA sequences from sharks at different sites can provide a demographically neutral understanding of the whale shark's global ecology. Here, we created genetic profiles for 84 whale sharks from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea and 72 individuals from the coast of Tanzania using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial sequences. These two sites, separated by approximately 4500 km (shortest over‐water distance), exhibit markedly different population demographics and behavioral ecologies. Eleven microsatellite DNA markers revealed that the two aggregation sites have similar levels of allelic richness and appear to be derived from the same source population. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region to produce multiple global haplotype networks (based on different alignment methodologies) that were broadly similar to each other in terms of population structure but suggested different demographic histories. Data from both microsatellite and mitochondrial markers demonstrated the stability of genetic diversity within the Saudi Arabian aggregation site throughout the sampling period. These results contrast previously measured declines in diversity at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Mapping the geographic distribution of whale shark lineages provides insight into the species’ connectivity and can be used to direct management efforts at both local and global scales. Similarly, understanding historical fluctuations in whale shark abundance provides a baseline by which to assess current trends. Continued development of new sequencing methods and the incorporation of genomic data could lead to considerable advances in the scientific understanding of whale shark population ecology and corresponding improvements to conservation policy.
Directed endozoochorous dispersal by scavengers facilitate sexual reproduction in otherwise clonal plants at cadaver sites
Authors: Arnberg Mie Prik , Frank Shane C. , Blaalid Rakel , Davey Marie Louise , Eycott Amy Elizabeth , Steyaert Sam M. J. G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The regeneration niche of many plant species involves spatially and temporally unpredictable disturbances, called recruitment windows of opportunity. However, even species with clear dispersal adaptations such as fleshy berries may not successfully reach such elusive regeneration microsites. Ericaceous, berry‐producing species in the northern hemisphere demonstrate this dispersal limitation. They are said to display a reproductive paradox owing to their lack of regeneration in apparently suitable microsites despite considerable investment in producing large quantities of berries.

Cadavers generate vegetation‐denuded and nutrient‐rich disturbances termed cadaver decomposition islands (CDIs). Cadavers attract facultative scavengers with considerable capacity for endozoochorous seed dispersal. We hypothesize that CDIs facilitate recruitment in berry‐producing ericaceous species due to endozoochorous dispersal directed toward favorable microsites with low competition.

We examined seedling establishment within a permanent, semi‐regular 10 × 10 m grid across an ungulate mass die‐off on the Hardangervidda plateau in southeastern Norway. Competing models regarding the relative importance of factors governing recruitment were evaluated, specifically cadaver location (elevated seed rain) and microsite conditions (competition).

We found that CDIs did facilitate seedling establishment, as cadaver density was the best predictor of seedling distribution. Other important factors governing seedling establishment such as percentage cover of soil and vascular plants alone were inadequate to explain seedling establishment.

Synthesis: This study provides a novel understanding of sexual reproduction in species with cryptic generative reproduction. The directed nature of endozoochorous dispersal combined with long‐distance dispersal abilities of medium to large vertebrate scavengers toward cadavers allows plants to exploit the advantageous but ephemeral resource provided by CDIs.
Citizen scientists contributing to alien species detection: the case of fishes and mollusks in European marine waters
Authors: Kousteni Vasiliki , Tsiamis Konstantinos , Gervasini Eugenio , Zenetos Argyro , Karachle Paraskevi K. , Cardoso Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCitizen science (CS) expands the spatial and temporal scale of alien species records. As such, it has been recognized as a complementary tool in alien species management and large‐scale biodiversity conservation. The present study assessed the contribution of CS to the recording of marine alien fishes and mollusks in European marine waters by reviewing data available through the European Alien Species Information Network, portals, public databases, and scientific literature. In total, 8,513 CS records were retrieved, following a filtering procedure, and assessed. A positive relationship was found between CS records and time, with most of records being reported during the last decade. The presence of alien fishes was recorded by citizens in seven out of nine Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) subregions, while mollusks were recorded in all MSFD subregions. Most of the CS records of fishes were reported in the Mediterranean Sea and mostly in the Aegean‐Levantine Sea. Conversely, most of the CS records of mollusks were reported in NE Atlantic Ocean, mostly in the Greater North Sea. A key finding is that eight species were documented for the first time in European marine waters and other three were recorded outside of their known distribution range. The majority of CS reporting was funneled through scientific surveys in which the nature of CS participation was limited to data collection only. The main categories of citizen scientists included school children, students, divers, naturalists, and various volunteers. Overall, 88.5% of marine alien fishes and mollusks recorded by citizens were validated by taxonomical experts, and only 15.8% out of the validated records were supplemented with pictures. CS can contribute to early detection and enhance cost‐effectiveness of monitoring and surveillance programs regarding alien species in European seas. Still, it requires proper scientific support and adequate validation tools mechanisms.
Effects of aerial adulticiding for mosquito management on nontarget insects: A Bayesian and community ecology approach
Authors: Rochlin Ilia , White Greg , Reissen Nadja , Martheswaran Tarun , Faraji Ary 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiseases transmitted by mosquitoes are emerging across the globe in a broad range of urbanized, rural, and natural environments inhabited by their vector species. Because applications of insecticides remain the most effective, and often the only available tool to prevent or control mosquito‐borne disease outbreaks, their use and scope continue to expand. However, the effects of multiple insecticide applications targeting adult mosquitoes on nontarget insect communities remain poorly characterized. To remedy this knowledge gap, we conducted an evaluation of five aerial insecticide applications on insect communities in a natural environment near Salt Lake City, Utah. Employing a before–after–control–impact approach, we assessed abundance and community composition changes over the study period utilizing Bayesian and community ecology analytical methods. We observed no discernible effects on most insect taxa, and there were no changes in the overall insect community composition. The abundance of Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera declined in control and treatment sites, Odonata increased over the period of the study, and Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera remained similar, suggesting seasonal trends rather than treatment effects. The only consistently detectable treatment effect was on nonbiting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), that are closely related to mosquitoes taxonomically and have similar body size and diel activity. Midge abundance declined by 79.9% (95% credible interval: 58.4–91.9). Overall posttreatment abundance decline of 62.2% (95% credible interval: 22.5–87.8) was also detected for leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), but, these declines were inconsistent and may be attributed to natural variability rather than the treatment effect. Treatment frequency, location, life‐stage targeting, and application techniques may mitigate the effects of mosquito control on nontarget insects to allow protecting human health while limiting environmental impacts.
Positive contribution of macrofaunal biodiversity to secondary production and seagrass carbon metabolism
Authors: Rodil Iván F. , Lohrer Andrew M. , Attard Karl M. , Thrush Simon F. , Norkko Alf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoastal vegetated habitats such as seagrasses are known to play a critical role in carbon cycling and the potential to mitigate climate change, as blue carbon habitats have been repeatedly highlighted. However, little information is known about the role of associated macrofauna communities on the dynamics of critical processes of seagrass carbon metabolism (e.g., respiration, turnover, and production). We conducted a field study across a spatial gradient of seagrass meadows involving variable environmental conditions and macrobenthic diversity to investigate (1) the relationship between macrofauna biodiversity and secondary production (i.e., consumer incorporation of organic matter per time unit), and (2) the role of macrofauna communities in seagrass organic carbon metabolism (i.e., respiration and primary production). We show that, although several environmental factors influence secondary production, macrofauna biodiversity controls the range of local seagrass secondary production. We demonstrate that macrofauna respiration rates were responsible for almost 40% of the overall seafloor community respiration. Macrofauna represented on average >25% of the total benthic organic C stocks, high secondary production that is likely to become available to upper trophic levels of the coastal food web. Our findings support the role of macrofauna biodiversity in maintaining productive ecosystems, implying that biodiversity loss due to ongoing environmental change yields less productive seagrass ecosystems. Therefore, the assessment of carbon dynamics in coastal habitats should include associated macrofauna biodiversity elements if we aim to obtain robust estimates of global carbon budgets required to implement management actions for the sustainable functioning of the world's coasts.