bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranking of Patient Preferences on Refer to Obstetrician/Gynecologist in the Private Sector Using Factor Analysis Technique
Authors: Setoodefar Masood , Etminani Kobra , Eslami Saeed , Tara Fatemeh , Tabesh Hamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Identifying patients' preferences when referring to specialist physicians is one of the key concerns in private sector marketing, which leads to the identification of new ways to attract new customers and create loyal customers. In addition, purposeful identification and fulfilment of patients' preferences leads to patient satisfaction and, subsequently, patient adherence to treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify and rank women's preferences and criteria in referring to a gynecologist/obstetrician in the private sector.
Materials & Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a 2-month period from January to February 2018. The study population consisted of 462 patients referring to private obstetrics and gynecology offices in Mashhad metropolis. The scale used to measure patients' preferences was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed in the previous phase of this project (CVI = 0.80, Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). The process of completing the questionnaire was done with the help of a questioner/investigator using a mobile application. Factor analysis technique was used to establish construct validity, eliminate the effect of common variance of items, reduce dimensions, and give weight to items. The items in the final model were ranked based on two methods: 1) a constant weight and 2) variable weights based on the factor loading of each item. Finally, the ranking results of both methods were compared with each other. Friedman ranking statistical test was used to rank items.
Results
The model obtained from factor analysis to measure patients' preferences consisted of 28 items distributed in nine factors, which explained the variance of the data by 63.63%. The model dimensions and the amount of variance explained by each dimension were as follows: behavioral and communication skills (13.9%), availability (7.8%), recommendation (6.4%), office environment (6.0%), gender (6.0%), insurance (6.0%), professionalism (5.9%), special procedure (5.6%), and accessibility (5.6%). The items "private examination", "respecting the patient during the examination", "confidentiality", and "honesty" gained the highest rank, while the "university affiliation" item gained the lowest rank in the final model.
Conclusion
Selection and referral to an obstetrician/gynecologist in the field of pregnancy and cancer is more complicated than other medical fields. By considering the differences in the importance of items that measured patients' preferences in referring to a gynecologist/obstetrician and by ranking them based on factor loadings, a comprehensive, homogeneous, and valid model was obtained for patients' preferences.
The Systemic Propolis Application Inhibits Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis Propolis For Oral Mucositis
Authors: Demirsoy Mustafa Sami , Erdil Aras , Çolak Sefa , Erdim İbrahim , Avcı Gülhan Güler , Gevrek Fikret 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dose-dependent systemic administration of propolis on a radiation-induced buccal mucositis model, which is a challenging side effect of head and neck radiotherapy.
Study Design:
The study sample comprised seven rats in the control group (G1) and 27 in the three experimental groups. In the study groups, radiotherapy (15Gy) was delivered to the head and neck regions. In addition to radiotherapy, 100 mg/kg propolis in Group 3 and 200 mg/kg propolis in the Group 4 were administered systemically for 14 days. In the harvested buccal mucosa samples, proinflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], myeloperoxidase [MPO], tumor-necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were analyzed with Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay method, and tissue samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and classified regarding the inflammation scores.
Results
The tissue levels of IL-6, MPO, and TNF-α significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in experimental groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.016, p = 0.001, respectively). Also, the inflammation scores were highest in Group 2 (p = 0.002), whereas Group 3 and 4 had the lowest (p = 0.012).
Conclusion
The systemic administration of propolis can decrease the inflammatory responses in irradiated buccal mucosa in a dose-dependent manner. However, further studies are required with various doses and routes to prove effectiveness.
Clinical Relevance:
Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) that occurs during head and neck radiotherapy can lead to life-threatening complications. Aqueous propolis extract containing high caffeic acid phenyl ester can prevent the formation of RIOM with its superior anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties.
Measurement of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness with a Deep Learning Algorithm in Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Optic Neuritis
Authors: Razaghi Ghazale , Hedayati Ehsan , Hejazi Marjaneh , Kafieh Rahele , Samadi Melika , Ritch Robert , Subramanian Prem S. , Fard Masoud Aghsaei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work aims at determining the ability of a deep learning (DL) algorithm to measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and demyelinating optic neuritis (ON). The training/validation dataset included 750 RNFL OCT B-scans. Performance of our algorithm was evaluated on 194 OCT B-scans from 70 healthy eyes, 82 scans from 28 NAION eyes, and 84 scans of 29 ON eyes. Results were compared to manual segmentation as a ground-truth and to RNFL calculations from the built-in instrument software. The Dice coefficient for the test images was 0.87. The mean average RNFL thickness using our U-Net was not different from the manually segmented best estimate and OCT machine data in control and ON eyes. In NAION eyes, while the mean average RNFL thickness using our U-Net algorithm was not different from the manual segmented value, the OCT machine data were different from the manual segmented values. In NAION eyes, the MAE of the average RNFL thickness was 1.18 ± 0.69 µm and 6.65 ± 5.37 µm in the U-Net algorithm segmentation and the conventional OCT machine data, respectively (P = 0.0001).
Effects of the combination of straw incorporation and urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield in southwestern China
Authors: Wang Hong , Yao Li , Zhang Qi , Liu Haitao , Luo Fuxiang , Lin Chaowen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The maintenance of crop residues is essential for sustainable soil management, enhancing the ammonia (NH3) volatilization loss due to fertilizer-N. Therefore, implementing the N fertilization strategies within residue straw systems is necessary to reduce N loss. This work investigated how oilseed rape straw incorporation and urease inhibitor applied with urea affected NH3 emissions, N use efficiency (NUE), and rice yields within two growing seasons. This work arranged eight treatments having three replicates, which included urea (UR), urea + 2 Mg ha− straw (UR + 2S), urea + 5 Mg ha− straw (UR + 5S), urea + 8 Mg ha− straw (UR + 8S), urea + 2 Mg ha− straw + 1% NBPT (UR + 2S + UI), urea + 5 Mg ha− straw + 1% NBPT (UR + 5S + UI), urea + 8 Mg ha− straw + 1% NBPT (UR + 8S + UI) and non-urea fertilizer (control), based on the randomized complete block method. Our results indicated that incorporating oilseed rape straw increased NH3 losses by 3.22%-21.51% in 2018 and 30.18%-51.43% in 2019 than the UR treatment, attributing to the higher NH4+-N content and pH value within floodwater. The UR + 2S + UI and UR + 8S + UI enhanced NH3 losses by 2.70%-24.00% in 2019, relative to the oilseed rape straw addition alone. However, combined application of 5 Mg ha− straw and 1% NBPT (UR + 5S + UI) reduced NH3 losses by 26.20% in 2018 and 14.60% in 2019, separately (P < 0.05) when compared with 5 Mg ha− oilseed rape straw only (UR + 5S). Based on the results, adding 1%, NBPT significantly decreased NH3 losses while 5 Mg ha− oilseed rape straw incorporation was applied. Moreover, adding straw alone or in combination with NBPT elevated rice yield by 0.78%-21.21% and NUE from 13.13–21.72%. Otherwise, yield-scaled NH3 emissions within the UR + 5S + UI treatment significantly decreased among all the treatments in 2018 and 2019. Our results indicated that optimizing the oilseed rape straw rate combined with 1% NBPT applied with urea efficiently increased rice yield and reduced NH3 emissions in southwestern China.
Enhanced adsorption–photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants via ZIF-67 derived Co-N co-doped carbon matrix catalyst
Authors: Yang Zheng , Xie Heng-Shen , Lin Wei-Yuan , Wei Xian-Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A stable and efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants has been achieved via ZIF-67 derived Co-embedded N-doped nanoporous carbon materials catalyst (Co-N/C). The catalyst features well-distributed structures, suitable specific surface areas, and more active sites according to the various characterization analysis. Photocatalytic activity of Co-N/C was evaluated by the degradation of target pollutant Rhodamine B (RhB). As a result, the RhB could establish adsorption-desorption equilibrium in dark within 30 min and thoroughly degraded into H2O and CO2 by Co-N/C under a 500 W visible light irradiation in 40 min. Moreover, radical quenching experiments and reactive oxygen species monitor were performed to further probe the plausible photodegradation mechanism of RhB. Co-N/C is also appropriate for other alternative dyes and antibiotics affording ideal removal efficiencies. After the reaction, the Co-N/C could be facile separated by an external magnetic field and reused for 8 reaction cycles without obvious deactivation of its photocatalytic properties. This work is expected to provide an instructive guideline for the design of efficient and recyclable composite photocatalysts derived from metal-organic framework for a broad range of environmental remediation.
Combination of albumin-to-globulin ratio with plasma fibrinogen is a sensitive tool for preoperatively screening infected nonunion in patients undergoing reoperation after open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Mao Hai-Jun , Xu Guang-Yue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Preoperatively accurate diagnosis of infected nonunion remains challenging. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of novel biomarkers for infected nonunion. Methods: A cohort of 311 patients having surgery for suspected septic nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation were enrolled. Preoperatively analyzed clinical parameters included white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, platelet count (PC), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity and specificity were utilized to compare the diagnostic potential of those biomarkers. Results: The WBC, CRP, ESR, NLR, MLR, PLR, PC, plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, and globulin levels in infected nonunion patients were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than aseptic patients. The albumin and AGR levels of infected nonunion group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed the diagnostic accuracy of AGR and plasma fibrinogen was good. The combination of AGR with plasma fibrinogen had the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.916). Sensitivity and specificity were 70.27% and 91.04% for AGR, and 67.57% and 84.08% for plasma fibrinogen, respectively. The combination of AGR with plasma fibrinogen showed a sensitivity of 86.49% and specificity of 92.54%. In patients with comorbidities, the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of AGR with plasma fibrinogen also performed well.Conclusion: AGR and plasma fibrinogen are promising biomarkers for improving the diagnosis of infected nonunion. The combination of AGR with plasma fibrinogen is a sensitive tool for screening infected nonunion.
Stochastic analysis of spatial variability in two-dimensional steady-state confined groundwater flow
Authors: Ni Chuen-Fa , Chang Ching-Min , Lin Chi-Ping , Lee I-Hsian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Studies of fluid flow behavior in confined aquifers of variable thickness presented in the literature assume that the thickness of the aquifer varies linearly or nonlinearly. However, natural variations, such as the thickness of the aquifer caused by complex natural events, cannot be accurately predicted. Therefore, quantifying the variability of the flow field in heterogeneous, non-uniform, confined aquifers may be done from a stochastic perspective. In this study, the spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity are considered as a stationary random process, while the spatial variations in aquifer thickness are treated as a nonstationary random process with homogeneous (stationary) increments. General expressions for the spatial covariance functions and the evolutionary power spectra of the depth-averaged hydraulic head and integrated specific discharge in the direction of x1 are derived using the Fourier-Stieltjes spectral representation approach and representation theorem. Closed-form solutions for the evolutionary power spectra of depth-averaged hydraulic head and integrated specific discharge are used to analyze the effect of variation in the thickness of the confined aquifer on the variability of depth-averaged head and integrated discharge. An application of the theory developed here to the case of random aquifer thickness fields exhibiting a power-law semivariogram is given. The stochastic theory developed here to quantify the variability of flow fields (uncertainty) in complex geologic formations under uncertainty should provide valuable information for stochastic environmental risk assessment.
Flood Hazard Mapping of Flood Inundation Area of Huluka River Catchment in Ethiopia
Authors: Emama Walabuma Oli , Hirko Deme Betele , Gudeta Milko Abishu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Floods are the most destructive of all-natural disasters in the globe, wreaking havoc on lives and property. Many locations in Ethiopia are experiencing flooding, and Ambo, like other tropical cities in Ethiopia, is experiencing a flash flood this can be minimized by giving attention to flood hazard measures. One of these measures is inundating flood hazard areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to map flood hazard maps along the Huluka River using GIS, HEC-HMS, and HEC-RAS in GIS environs. Flood Hazard mapping is used to define the zones which are more susceptible to flooding along the river when the release of a stream surpasses the bank-full stage along the river. The normal ratio approach was utilized to fill in missing values in precipitation data, and a double mass curve was used to ensure data consistency. Precipitation loss modeling, surplus precipitation translation to direct runoff, base flow modeling, and flood routing, the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number, Soil Conservation Service-Unit Hydrograph, monthly constant, and Muskingum methods were used. Performance assessment approaches such as Nash Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination were used to assess the model's performance (R2). During calibration and validation, Nash Sutcliff Efficiency was 0.77 and 0.7, respectively, while the coefficient of determination was 0.86 and 0.9, respectively. Flood frequency analysis was carried out utilizing the frequency storm method developed by HEC-HMS for 10, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods. For each return period, the peak flood was 38, 47, 55, and 61.5 m3/s, respectively. Using HEC-RAS and inundation areas of 98.9ha, 102ha, 104ha, and 106.4 ha, flood inundation mapping was modeled for a peak flood of each return period.
Application of teleseismic receiver functions and Gravity for Moho depth mapping: A case study of Western Himalayas
Authors: Salam Mohammad , Ahmed Jamil , Zafar Waqar Ali , Iqbal Muhammad Tahir , Khan Imran , Sultan Amir , Iqbal Talat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study presents the coherently stacked P-wave receiver functions and bouguer anomaly mapping ofWestern Himalayas (longitude 71◦ -74◦ E and latitude 31◦ -34◦ N ) to estimate crustal thickness. Data used for P-wave receiver function is from a local seismic network of Pakistan whereas, gravity data is extracted from Topex and available in the public domain for research. The crust thickness and average crust Vp/Vs ratio at each station of the network are obtained by coherently stacking the Ps, PpPs, PpSs + PsPs phases of 15seismic stations. The data used in this study was collected from 2012 to 2019, events with magnitudes mb ≥ 6 and epicentral distances 30◦ to 95◦ were chosen. There is a significant difference in Moho depth beneath the broadband seismic stations used for the investigations. Moho depth is 36 km in the south, on average 46 km in the center, and 52 km at the northernmost seismic station of the study area. The crust is generally dipping from South to North for the study area. In order to support this interpreted argument of moho-depth variation from the P-wave receiver function, residual calculation of Bouguer anomaly data was carried out as well. The residuals showing a variation of anomalous data from -89 to 193 mGal in the study area have presented a good correlation and favored the argument of crustal dipping as suggested by the P-wave function from the seismic network. The trend confirms that the crustal thickening and shortening are caused by the collision of Indian and Asian plates.
Wetlands' Response to Climatic Variability: Empirical Evidence from the Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin of West Africa
Authors: Jajere Ahmed Abubakar , Nabegu Aliyu Baba , Bibi Muhammed Umar , Kibon Usman Ado 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The wetlands of the Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin are the economic mainstay of the lower and mid-stream basin population, providing a wide range of ecosystem services and functions. However, series of impediments have been altering the hydrology of the sub-basin wetlands since the early 1970s. In order to understand the extent of the impact of climate variability on the basin wetlands, this study mapped the temporal variability in wetland size from 1982–2018 and examined the wetland's response to rainfall and temperature variability. The study used advanced very high resolution spectroradiometer (AVHRS) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data sets of 1982–2018 rainfall and temperature data from upstream and downstream stations. Geo-spatial technology and statistical tools were used in analysing the collected data. The findings reveal a large-scale annual increasing trend of 337km2 in wetland size between 1982 and 2018, as against the orthodox view of continuous degradation. The result of the analysis revealed that the wetland’s response to a 1% increase in downstream annual rainfall, upstream annual rainfall, Jos August rainfall and downstream temperature was by expanding by 5.2 km2, 7.5 km2, 33 km2 and shrinking by 1,456 km2, respectively. The study concluded that the basin wetlands respond significantly to any slide fluctuations in rainfall and temperature variables. Based on the findings, the research recommended proper water management strategies within the basin, especially in the Kano region. Water diversion into Tiga and Challawa dams from neighbouring basins is thus a key to the contentious existence of the basin wetlands.
Optimization of micropropagation protocol and elicitation of luteolin and rutin biomolecules using phenylalanine and chitosan in root callus of Rumex hastatus D. Don
Authors: Singh Tikkam , Agrawal Veena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rumex hastatus D. Don, a traditional medicinal plant known for its, antitumorous, antiangiogenic and antibacterial potential is continuously under threat of extinction due to over exploitation and climatic changes. Phytochemical analysis of different plant parts showed that roots had the maximum quantity of two bioactive molecules, luteolin and rutin and thus was selected for establishment of aseptic culture. In vitro technology has been employed for developing an efficient micropropagation protocols for its conservation, large scale production as well elicitation of the valuable bioactive compounds. Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 5µM TDZ proved best for developing greenish-brown and compact calluses in 98% root cultures within 30 days. Such callus pieces on subculture to same but fresh medium differentiated an average of 10.50 ± 1.29 shoots which were elongated on MS basal medium. Such excised shoots, rooted in MS + 0.1 µM IBA medium with an average of 12.03 ± 2.49 roots per shoot. These plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions and fields and their genetic fidelity was evaluated employing SRAP and SCoT markers which revealed their high similarity with mother plant proving their true-to-type nature. Interestingly, the in vitro regenerants showed elevated levels of phenols, flavonoids, luteolin and rutin content and higher antioxidant activities over the mother plant as done by phosphomolybdenum and DPPH assays. For elicitation of bioactive compounds, 100 mg/L phenylalanine was best for enhancing optimum luteolin content (407.18 ± 10.58 µg/g d.w.) over control (22.10 ± 0.57 µg/g d.w.) almost, 17.42–fold, whereas for rutin, 25 mg/L chitosan proved most effective enhancing its synthesis up to 1169.07 ± 46.49 µg/g d.w. over control (312.41 ± 12.42 µg/g d.w.), i.e., 2.74–fold. To the best of our knowledge, this is our first report on micropropagation and elicitation of luteolin and rutin in Rumex hastatus through root culture.
Exposure to maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with worse short-term neonatal and neurological outcomes following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Laval Nancy , Paquette Mariane , Talsmat Hamza , Marandyuk Bohdana , Wintermark Pia , Birca Ala , Pinchefsky Elana , Tremblay Sophie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Infants of diabetic mothers are at higher risk of perinatal morbidities but the impact of maternal diabetes on neonatal and neurological outcomes of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains poorly described.
Objectives
To determine the association between maternal diabetes with outcomes following HIE.
Methods
A retrospective study including term neonates with HIE who received therapeutic hypothermia treatment between 2013–2020.
Results
Neonates with HIE and maternal diabetes exposure had lower gestational age at birth (P = 0.005) and higher birth weight (P = 0.012). Infants of diabetic mothers were ventilated longer (P = 0.0047) and had a longer neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay (P = 0.0483) as well as longer time to reach full oral feed (P = 0.0432). Maternal diabetes was associated with increased risk of death or abnormal neurological examination at discharge in neonates with HIE (OR 6.41).
Conclusion
In neonates with HIE, maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of death or short-term neonatal morbidities.