bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEEP OILS IN THE SOUTHERN GAFSA BASIN, SW TUNISIA: REASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
Authors: Dadi Kamel , Ahmadi Riadh , Mohamed Anis Belhaj , Khalfi Chaouki , Mbarki Najwa , Ouali Jamel Abdennaceur 
Published: September 2022

The recent discovery of surface oil seeps in the Tamerza area in the west‐central Gafsa Basin (southern Tunisia) has prompted a re‐evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of the region. In this paper, we report the results of analyses of seep oils by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis (n = 6) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (n = 4). The goals of the study were to assess the composition of the seep oils, to investigate the relationship between the seep oils and potential source rocks, and to highlight the significance of the seep oils for oil exploration in the region.In the Tamerza area, surface oil seeps have been recorded in numerous formations ranging between the Upper Cretaceous Abiod Limestone Formation and the lower Miocene Sehib Siltstone Formation. The results of this study showed that all the seep oil samples analysed in general had a similar geochemical fingerprint: for example, Pr/Ph values are lower than 1; a plot of Pr/n‐C17 (0.27‐ 0.36) versus Ph/n‐C18 (0.3‐0.8) indicates a marine source rock deposited under reducing anoxic conditions; and Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratios indicate that the source rock was thermally mature. Correlation studies suggest that the oils originated from Cenomanian‐Turonian shales corresponding to the informally‐named Bahloul equivalent formation. Oil expulsion from this source rock at the seep locations is inferred to have ended by middle Miocene time. However the main phase of folding occurred here in the Pliocene – early Quaternary, and the resulting anticlinal folds are not therefore prospective structural traps for hydrocarbons because they developed after migration had already ceased. Stratigraphic traps and salt structures in the region may be of greater exploration interest.A surface oil seep sample was also recovered from the Quaternary upper Segui Formation at Jebel Orbata in the east of the Gafsa Basin. Analysis of this oil sample showed that it has similar geochemical characteristics to the seep oils from the Tamerza area, but that it appears to have had a much more recent migration history. In the eastern Gafsa Basin, Pliocene – early Quaternary anticlinal structures could therefore constitute effective structural traps charged by the same Bahloul equivalent formation source rock.
Impacts of malt protein removal on yeast fermentation efficiency
Authors: Xu Nan , Ma Fuhao , Yin Hua , Yu Wenwen , Zhang Cui , Zhan Shengnan , Huang Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of malt protein removal by Neutrase using Canadian and French commercial malts (Malt 1 and Malt 2) on mashing efficiency, and production of violate compounds during fermentation were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (HS‐SMPE‐GC–MS). HPLC results showed that for Malt 1 containing lower free‐ and total‐β‐amylase but higher α‐amylase enzyme activity, Neutrase significantly increased the content of maltose, glucose and maltotriose, whereas for Malt 2, only glucose content increased. For Malt 1, the increased glucose/maltose ratio after Neutrase addition led to higher ethanol concentration than that with no Neutrase (4.06% vs. 2.09%), whereas for Malt 2, no significant differences were observed (2.92% vs. 3.09%). HS‐SPME‐GC–MS showed that for Malt 1 and Malt 2, Neutrase not influenced the violate compounds composition, whereas reduced their contents. This suggests that malt protein removal by Neutrase impairs the production of volatile compounds.
Effect of inhaled albuterol on whole blood potassium concentrations in dogs
Authors: Ogrodny Andrzej , Jaffey Jared A. , Kreisler Rachael , Acierno Mark , Jones Teela , Costa Renata S. , da Cunha Anderson , Westerback Emily 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlbuterol by inhalation (IH) is a common treatment for hyperkalemia in humans but its effect on blood potassium concentrations in dogs is unknown.ObjectiveDetermine whether albuterol (IH) decreases blood potassium concentrations in healthy normokalemic dogs and if effects are dose‐dependent.AnimalsTen healthy dogs.MethodsProspective, crossover experimental study. Albuterol sulfate was administered at a low‐dose (90 μg) in phase I and, 7 days later, high‐dose (450 μg) in phase II. Blood potassium and glucose concentrations (measured via blood gas analyzer) and heart rates were obtained at baseline and then 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 360 minutes after inhaler actuation.ResultsBlood potassium concentrations decreased rapidly after albuterol delivery with a significant reduction compared to baseline within 30 minutes in both phases (P = .05). The potassium nadir concentration of phase I occurred at 60 minutes (mean, SD; 4.07 mmol/L, 0.4) and was significantly decreased from baseline, (4.30 mmol/L, 0.3; t(9) = 2.40, P = .04). The potassium nadir concentration of phase II occurred at 30 minutes (mean, SD; 3.96 mmol/L, 0.39) and was also significantly decreased from baseline, (4.33 mmol/L, 0.4; t(9) = 2.22, P = .05). The potassium nadir concentration decreased by 0.1 mmol/L for each 10 μg/kg increase in dose of albuterol (P = .01). Five dogs had ≥1 hyperglycemic measurement (ie, >112 mg/dL). No median heart rate was tachycardic nor was any mean blood glucose concentration hyperglycemic at any time point.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAlbuterol IH decreases blood potassium concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner without clinically meaningful alterations to heart rate or blood glucose concentrations in healthy dogs. The mean decrease in potassium concentration at the high‐dose of albuterol was modest (0.38 mmol/L).
Implementing two national responsibilities of the revised UNICEF/WHO Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative: A two‐country case study
Authors: Mukuria‐Ashe Altrena , Klein Alyssa , Block Charlotte , Nyambo Kanji , Uyehara Malia , Mtengowadula George , Nyirongo Godwin , Mansimov Adil , Okenov Samat , Alvey Jeniece 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2018 implementation guidance for the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) recommends institutionalising the ten Steps through nine national responsibilities for universal coverage and sustainability. As countries adapt BFHI programmes to this paradigm shift away from traditional designation programmes, documenting and sharing policy and programme experience are critical and currently sparse. This qualitative case study included desk reviews of published and grey literature on BFHI programming, national plans and policy documents specific to the selected national responsibilities for universal coverage and key informant (KI) interviews across a range of actors. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the case study explored responsibility 5, development and implementation of incentives and/or sanctions, and responsibility 6 in Malawi, providing technical assistance (TA). In both countries, the three sustainability responsibilities (national monitoring [7] communication and advocacy [8] and financing [9]) as they relate to the universal coverage of the targeted responsibilities were also explored. Thirty‐eight respondents in the Kyrgyz Republic described approaches that were used in the health system, including BFHI designation plaques, performance‐based financing and financial sanctions. However, currently, there are no formal incentives and sanctions. In Malawi, TA was utilised for national planning and to introduce quality improvement processes. Forty‐seven respondents mostly described provisions of TA in building and strengthening the capacity of providers. More programmatic evidence to demonstrate which types of incentives or sanctions can be effective and sustained and more documentation of how TA is provided across multiple aspects of implementation are needed as countries institutionalise BFHI.
Domestication‐associated PHYTOCHROME C is a flowering time repressor and a key factor determining Setaria as a short‐day plant
Authors: Wang Hailong , Jia Guanqing , Zhang Ning , Zhi Hui , Xing Lihe , Zhang Haoshan , Sui Yi , Tang Sha , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Haijin , Feng Baili , Wu Chuanyin , Diao Xianmin 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Phytochromes play vital roles in the regulation of flowering time, but little is known in Panicoideae species, especially the C4 model Setaria.

Here, genomic variations of PHYTOCHROME C (PHYC) between wild and cultivated Setaria gene pools were analysed and three SiphyC mutants were identified. The function of SiPHYC was verified by CRISPR‐Cas9 approach and transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, efficiency of indoor cultivation of SiphyC mutants were systematically evaluated.

An extreme purified selection of PHYC was detected in wild to cultivated domestication process of Setaria. SiphyC mutants and knockout transgenic plants showed an early heading date and a loss of response to short‐day photoperiod. Furthermore, variable expression of SiFTa, SiMADS14 and SiMADS15 might be responsible for promoting flowering of SiphyC mutants. Moreover, SiphyC mutant was four times that of the indoor plot ratio of wild‐type and produced over 200 seeds within 45 d per individual.

Our results suggest that domestication‐associated SiPHYC repressed flowering and determined Setaria as a short‐day plant, and SiphyC mutants possess the potential for creating efficient indoor cultivation system suitable for research on Setaria as a model, and either for maize or sorghum as well.
Genetic analyses of root traits: Implications for environmental adaptation and new variety development: A review
Authors: Mathew Isack , Shimelis Hussein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe root system is vital for anchorage, mobilizing water and nutrients and symbiosis with soil microbes, which influence adaptation and crop performance. However, root traits are not widely used in crop variety development because root phenotyping is difficult and there is limited understanding of the genetics of root traits. The available genetic variation and emerging root phenotyping and genotyping technologies present opportunities for integrating root traits in breeding. Selection efficiency for root traits can be enhanced by integrating shovelomics, digital imaging, crop modelling and gene sequencing systems. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to discuss critical root traits and their vital functions, genetic variation present for root traits, opportunities and challenges in root phenotyping and integration of genomic tools in breeding for improved root systems. The information presented in the paper will guide crop breeders in developing a new generation of crop varieties with desirable yield and root traits.
The influence of ecocultural contexts on Grandmaternal caregiving and Grandmother–Grandchild relationships
Authors: Schmidt Wiebke Johanna , Keller Heidi , Rosabal‐Coto Mariano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines the cultural concept of grandmothers as caregivers and potential attachment figures for their grandchildren in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specifically, we examined the influence of the grandmaternal co‐residence with grandchildren on their caregiving involvement and on the dyad's relationship formation. Semi‐structured interviews with 19 grandmothers of 14–28 months old infants were conducted. Findings revealed close grandmother–grandchild relationships and high grandmaternal involvement in child care, ranging from regular babysitting to functional parent roles. Co‐residing grandmothers shared most caregiving responsibilities with mothers and can represent important attachment figures for their grandchildren. Non‐co‐residing grandmothers were less involved and reported distributed responsibilities between grandmother and parents with clearly defined caregiving tasks and times. The results demonstrate the importance of the context when defining children's caregiving and attachment networks.
Ceratocystis lukuohia‐infested ambrosia beetle frass as inoculum for Ceratocystis wilt of ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha)
Authors: Hughes Marc A. , Roy Kylle , Harrington Thomas C. , Brill Eva , Keith Lisa M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) trees in Hawaiʻi are dying from two distinct diseases, collectively referred to as rapid ‘ōhi‘a death (ROD), caused by Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia. Boring dust (frass) released when ambrosia beetles attack and colonize infected trees has been suspected as a transmission source. We sampled ambrosia beetle frass from six locations on Hawaiʻi Island and screened samples for Ceratocystis DNA and fungal viability. Ceratocystis DNA was detected in 79% of frass samples and 61% were viable. To assess the infectivity of C. lukuohia‐colonized frass, M. polymorpha seedlings were wound‐inoculated with frass in growth chamber trials. Wilt incidence was 40% in the first trial and 15% in the second. Frass particles naturally infested with C. lukuohia were treated with a cytoplasmic stain and microscopically examined; thick‐walled chlamydospores were found in all samples. The chlamydospores appeared to be derived from aleurioconidia. Ceratocystis survival in frass was assessed in a baiting experiment conducted under varying environmental regimes; viability decreased with increasing temperature, frass age and decreasing humidity. After 6 months, 90% of the samples exhibited viable C. lukuohia at the lowest temperatures. Results confirmed that C. lukuohia chlamydospores are the fungal inoculum within ambrosia beetle frass and can induce wilt when introduced to M. polymorpha wounds. Although ambrosia beetles or other insects may serve as vectors, the present work supports the hypothesis that Ceratocystis species may be dispersed in frass, which can inform ongoing efforts to manage ROD across Hawaiʻi's native forests.
Internet use and consumption diversity: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Vatsa Puneet , Li Junpeng , Luu Phong Quoc , Botero‐R Julio Cesar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Internet is integral to modern living. While the Internet is ubiquitous in China's urban areas, its uptake is still lagging in the country's rural regions—the development potential of the Internet remains untapped, and despite China's steep economic growth during the 21st century, the living standards in its rural regions remain low. The Internet can accelerate rural development in China. This study is focused on analyzing whether and to what extent Internet use affects consumption diversity, an indicator of the quality of life, in rural China. To this end, we employ the instrumental‐variable‐based two‐stage endogenous treatment regression model to analyze the 2018 China Family Panel Studies survey data. The modeling approach allows us to account for the endogeneity of Internet use. The results show that consumption diversity is positively associated with Internet use. Furthermore, it rises with household income, household size, and wealth. Whether the Internet is accessed via smartphones or computers has no bearing on household consumption diversity. We also find that education, household income, and wealth increase one's predicted probability of using the Internet. The results also point to regional differences in consumption diversity and the likelihood of using the Internet.
Burn depth assessment by dual‐wavelength light emitting diodes‐excited photoacoustic imaging in rats
Authors: Tsunoi Yasuyuki , Sato Naoto , Nishidate Izumi , Ichihashi Fumiyuki , Saitoh Daizoh , Sato Shunichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate burn depth assessment is crucial to determine treatment plans for burn patients. We have previously proposed a method for performing burn depth assessments based on photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and we have demonstrated the validity of this method, which allows the successful detection of PA signals originating from the blood under the bloodless burned tissue, using rat burn models. Based on these findings, we started a clinical study in which we faced two technical issues: (1) When the burn depth was shallow, PA signals due to skin contamination and/or melanin in the epidermis (surface signals) could not be distinguished from PA signals originating from the blood in the dermis; (2) the size of the system was too large. To solve these issues, we propose a burn depth diagnosis based on dual‐wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs)‐excited PA imaging. The use of LEDs rendered the system compact compared to the previous one that used a conventional solid‐state laser. We replicated human burned skin by applying a titrated synthetic melanin solution onto the wound surface in albino rat burn models and measured their burn depths by PA excitation at 690 and 850 nm, where melanin and haemoglobin show greatly different absorption coefficients. As a result, the surface signals were eliminated by subtracting the PA signals at 690 nm from those at 850 nm. The resultant estimated burn depths were strongly correlated with the histological assessment results. The validity of the proposed method was also examined using a burn model of rats with real melanin.
ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF DJ-1 PROTEIN IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Authors: Mussakhmetov A. , Utepbergenov D. , Khassenov B. 
Published: September 2022

Parkinson's disease is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease, and oxidative stress is an important mediator in its pathogenesis. Loss of neurons in the midbrain region (Substantia nigra) causes dopamine deficiency and leads to the formation of intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein aggregates. Both of these phenomena are considered neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease. Although the clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of bradykinesia and other major motor signs, Parkinson's disease is associated with many non-motor symptoms that contribute and complicate the disease. The underlying molecular pathogenesis involves several pathways and mechanisms: α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, disturbances in calcium homeostasis, and neuroinflammation.
Mutations in the PARK7 gene resulting in loss of function of the encoded DJ-1 protein have been identified as the cause of one of several forms of the inherited form of Parkinson's disease. The DJ-1 protein is attributed the role of an antioxidant based on experiments in cellular model systems. The active site of DJ-1 contains a highly reactive cysteine residue (Cys106) which is oxidized under oxidative stress. It is assumed that Cys106 plays a critical role in the biological function of DJ-1, regulating antioxidant protection depending on the oxidation state of Cys106, i.e. acts as a sensor of oxidative stress. Thus, the level of oxidized DJ-1 (oxDJ-1) may serve as a possible biomarker of oxidative stress.
HYDROLYSIS OF PLANT BIOMASS USING RECOMBINANT ALPHA-AMYLASE FROM BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS AND XYLANASE FROM BACILLUS SONORENSIS
Authors: Kiribayeva A. , Silayev D. , Abdullayeva A. , Shamsiyeva Yu. , Ramankulov Ye. , Khassenov B. 
Published: September 2022

With the reduction of fossil hydrocarbon sources and the increasing need for energy, chemical resources and food, the use of biomass as a renewable source is of great importance. This, in turn, necessitates efficient enzymes for bioconversion of biomass. Enzymes are important in industry because they are biocatalysts for complex chemical processes. The conversion of plant biomass into sugars requires a complex of enzymes whose composition must be adapted to the type of biomass and а pretreatment method. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis can be increased by optimizing the composition of the enzymatic complex, increasing the catalytic activity and stability of the enzymes included in it. A large number of microbial amylases are now commercially available, and they have almost completely replaced chemical starch hydrolysis in the processing industry. The use of bacterial xylanases is a key step in the conversion of lignocellulosic polysaccharides into fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels and value-added products. Enzyme complexes containing both α-amylases and xylanases have found applications in the pulp and paper industry and feed production.
Recombinant α-amylase and xylanase from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sonorensis, respectively, were obtained using recombinant DNA technology. These enzymes were purified by metal affinity chromatography from the lysate of induced cultures of recombinant strains. Enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch and birch xylan with these recombinant enzymes was performed. The hydrolysis products of these polysaccharides were studied by thin-layer chromatography. It was found that the products of hydrolysis of potato starch using recombinant α-amylase were maltose and maltooligosaccharides and a small amount of glucose. Xylan was isolated from birch sawdust and hydrolyzed by recombinant xylanase. Detection of the hydrolysis products of xylan showed that xylan is hydrolyzed to oligoxylans with a degree of polymerization of at least 2 monomers. No xylose was detected among the hydrolysis products. The results indicate that α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis are endoenzymes.
Simulation and Property Characterization of Nanoparticle Thermal Conductivity for a Microscale Selective Laser Sintering System
Authors: Grose Joshua , Dibua Obehi G. , Behera Dipankar , Foong Chee S. , Cullinan Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Current additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are typically limited by the minimum feature sizes of the parts they can produce. This issue is addressed by the microscale selective laser sintering system (μ-SLS), which is capable of building parts with single micrometer resolutions. Despite the resolution of the system, the minimum feature sizes producible using the μ-SLS tool are limited by unwanted heat dissipation through the particle bed during the sintering process. To address this unwanted heat flow, a particle scale thermal model is needed to characterize the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticle bed during sintering and facilitate the prediction of heat affected zones. This would allow for the optimization of process parameters and a reduction in error for the final part. This paper presents a method for the determination of the effective thermal conductivity of copper nanoparticle beds in a μ-SLS system using finite element simulations performed in ansys. A phase field model (PFM) is used to track the geometric evolution of the particle groups within the particle bed during sintering. Computer aided design (CAD) models are extracted from the PFM output data at various time-steps, and steady-state thermal simulations are performed on each particle group. The full simulation developed in this work is scalable to particle groups with variable sizes and geometric arrangements. The particle thermal model results from this work are used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the copper nanoparticles as a function of the density of the particle group.