bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing rainfall data estimation—an approach to investigate different methods: case study of Baghdad
Authors: Abdullah Mukhalad , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe missing of the meteorological data in Iraq is common due to malfunction of measuring devices, security status, and human effects. The study tested 17 missing precipitation data estimation methods in Baghdad city as a case study, where, all the surrounding stations around Baghdad experienced the missing of data for various reasons, and some of the missing data are for a full year record. The methods examined in this study are based on different approaches, some of the methods are based upon the distances to the targeted station, others are upon regression factors, and there are also methods that combine several factors. There are also other types of missing data filling methods which depend on imputation and artificial intelligence. The investigation of the most accurate method to find the missing data will assist researchers and decision makers to fill the gap in their analysis in one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of drought and climate changes impacts. Results showed that Expectation Maximization (EM) method utilization has the best results with the least errors, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method was ranked the second best method. In general, all of the applied methods had resulted acceptable interpolations, and it was clear that the combined methods have low significance on the results in comparison with others. All of these findings are limited to the study area meteorological and spatial conditions.
Learning from Gobind Khorana: “The difficult we do today, the impossible tomorrow”
Authors: Subramaniam Sriram 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProf. Har Gobind Khorana was one of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century. Drawing on his strong roots in organic chemistry, he had a remarkable ability to select and focus his intellect on successfully addressing some of the most important challenges in modern biology in a career spanning nearly 6 decades. His pioneering contributions in gene synthesis and protein structure–function studies, and more broadly in what he termed “chemical biology,” continue to have a major impact on modern biomedical science.
Antitumor Effect of Traditional Drugs for Neurological Disorders: Preliminary Studies in Neural Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Doello Kevin , Mesas Cristina , Quiñonero Francisco , Rama Ana R. , Vélez Celia , Perazzoli Gloria , Ortiz Raúl 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite new treatments developed including immunomodulation using vaccines and cell therapies, mortality remains high due to the resistance mechanisms presented by these tumor cells and the function of the blood–brain barrier that prevents the entry of most drugs. In this context of searching for new glioblastoma therapies, the study of the existing drugs to treat neurological disorder is gaining great relevance. The aim of this study was to determine, through a preliminary in vitro study on human glioblastoma (A172, LN229), anaplastic glioma (SF268) and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cell lines, the possible antitumor activity of the active principles of several drugs (levomepromazine, haloperidol, lacosamide, valproic acid, levetiracetam, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, biperiden and dextromethorphan) with the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and that are commonly used in neurological disorders. Results showed that levetiracetam, valproic acid, and haloperidol were able to induce a relevant synergistic antitumor effect when associated with the chemotherapy currently used in clinic (temozolomide). Regarding the mechanism of action, haloperidol, valproic acid and levomepromazine caused cell death by apoptosis, while biperiden and dextromethorphan induced autophagy. Fingolimod appeared to have anoikis-related cell death. Thus, the assayed drugs which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier could represent a possibility to improve the treatment of neural tumors, though future in vivo studies and clinical trials will be necessary to validate it.
Impact of pulping routes of rice straw on cellulose nanoarchitectonics and their behavior toward Indigo dye
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work deals with emphasizing the relation between particle dimension distribution of nanocellulose (PDD) particles with its efficiency as stabilizing/adsorbent agent of Indigo dye. In this respect, different pulping reagents were used in preparation of Rice straw pulps as precursors for nanocelluloses using acid hydrolysis and oxidizing agents [(KMnO4 and NH4)2S2O8] methods. The PDD was estimated by indirect method through processing the TEM images using the software ImageJ. The resulting nanocelluloses were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) together with sulfate ester and carboxyl contents. The data showed the effective role of pulping reagent on PDD. The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from NaOH-AQ pulp, with the longest crystal length (204.4 ± 107.8 nm) and the lowest diameter (6.7 ± 2.3 nm), exhibited most stabilized suspension of dye; however, the highest adsorption capacity was accompanied the oxidized nanocellulose (Ox-NC) from neutral RS pulp with lowest PDD (4.98 ± 1.6 and 90.5 ± 3.14), together with highest COO content (476.46 μmol/g).
Synthetic SN Curve of Steel Beams with Web Opening
Authors: Yossef N. M. , Elboghdady A. , El-Boghdadi M. H. , Dabaon M. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSteel beams with web opening have become a popular structural element nowadays owing to their several structural and architectural benefits. This study numerically investigates a study of the behavior of steel beams with a web opening subjected to fatigue loading using the finite element software ANSYS. Simply supported I-section steel beams with a single web opening were studied under a fully reversed, uniformly distributed vertical load. Fatigue loading, material properties, and boundary conditions are discussed in detail. Finite element analysis was used to determine the effect of the web opening on the normal stress induced in the steel beam and consequently on fatigue stress life. Then, a parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of two geometric parameters (opening size $$\alpha $$
α
and opening location $$\beta $$
β
). In addition, suitable fatigue categories were suggested to guarantee safety against fatigue failures. Further, an analytical method for predicting the synthetic SN curves for steel beams with web opening was introduced. The proposed method was validated using SN curves obtained from FE results and was proven safe and slightly conservative for steel beams with a single web opening of various sizes and locations, as well as spans.
Existence and regularity results for a class of parabolic problems with double phase flux of variable growth
Authors: Arora Rakesh , Shmarev Sergey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the equation $$\begin{aligned} u_t-{\text {div}}\left( \mathcal {F}(z,\nabla u)\nabla u\right) =f, \quad z=(x,t)\in Q_T=\Omega \times (0,T), \end{aligned}$$

u
t

-
div

F
(
z
,
∇
u
)
∇
u

=
f
,

z
=

(
x
,
t
)

∈

Q
T

=
Ω
×

(
0
,
T
)

,

where $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

, is a bounded domain with $$\partial \Omega \in C^2$$

∂
Ω
∈

C
2

, and $$\mathcal {F}(z,\xi )=a(z)\vert \xi \vert ^{p(z)-2}+b(z)\vert \xi \vert ^{q(z)-2}$$

F

(
z
,
ξ
)

=

a

(
z
)

|
ξ
|

p
(
z
)
-
2

+
b

(
z
)

|
ξ
|

q
(
z
)
-
2

. The variable exponents p, q and the nonnegative modulating coefficients a, b are given Lipschitz-continuous functions. It is assumed that $$\frac{2N}{N+2}<p(z),\ q(z)$$

2
N

N
+
2

<
p

(
z
)

,

q

(
z
)

, and that the modulating coefficients and growth exponents satisfy the balance conditions $$\begin{aligned} a(z)+b(z)\ge \alpha >0,\quad \vert p(z)-q(z)\vert <\frac{2}{N+2}\hbox { in }\overline{Q}_T \end{aligned}$$

a

(
z
)

+
b

(
z
)

≥

α
>
0
,

|
p

(
z
)

-
q

(
z
)

|
<

2

N
+
2

in

Q
¯

T

with $$\alpha =const$$

α
=
c
o
n
s
t

. We find conditions on the source f and the initial data $$u(\cdot ,0)$$

u
(
·
,
0
)

that guarantee the existence of a unique strong solution u with $$u_t\in L^2(Q_T)$$

u
t

∈

L
2

(

Q
T

)

and $$a\vert \nabla u\vert ^{p}+b\vert \nabla u\vert ^q\in L^\infty (0,T;L^1(\Omega ))$$

a
|
∇
u
|

p

+
b

|
∇
u
|

q

∈

L
∞

(
0
,
T
;

L
1

(
Ω
)

)

. The solution possesses the property of global higher integrability of the gradient, $$\begin{aligned} \vert \nabla u\vert ^{\min \{p(z),q(z)\}+r}\in L^1(Q_T)\quad \text {with any }r\in \left( 0,\frac{4}{N+2}\right) , \end{aligned}$$

|
∇
u
|

min
{
p
(
z
)
,
q
(
z
)
}
+
r

∈

L
1

(

Q
T

)

with any

r
∈

0
,

4

N
+
2

,

which is derived with the help of new interpolation inequalities in the variable Sobolev spaces. The global second-order differentiability of the strong solution is proven: $$\begin{aligned} D_i\left( \sqrt{\mathcal {F}(z,\nabla u)}D_j u\right) \in L^{2}(Q_T),\quad i=1,2,\ldots ,N. \end{aligned}$$

D
i

F
(
z
,
∇
u
)

D
j

u

∈

L
2

(

Q
T

)

,

i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
N
.

The same results are obtained for the equation with the regularized flux $$\mathcal {F}(z,\sqrt{\epsilon ^2+(\xi ,\xi )})\xi $$

F
(
z
,

ϵ
2

+

(
ξ
,
ξ
)

)
ξ

.
Patientenzufriedenheit mit Anästhesieleistungen – Überarbeitung und Validierung eines Fragebogens
Authors: Vetter Luzia , Conca Antoinette , Richter Dirk 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Patientenzufriedenheit wird als ein Qualitätsindikator im Gesundheitswesen angesehen. Bisherige Zufriedenheitsinstrumente in der Anästhesie bilden die Leistungen der Pflege nicht hinreichend ab, obwohl diese essenziell für die Teamleistung sind.

Ziel
Überarbeitung und Validierung eines Instruments zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit mit Anästhesieleistungen.

Methode
Zur Erfassung der Patientenzufriedenheit mit den Anästhesieleistungen in einer Querschnittstudie an 2 Kliniken wurde der „Heidelberg Peri-anaesthetic Questionnaire“ überarbeitet und mittels einer explorativen Faktoranalyse auf Validität überprüft. Prädiktoren für die Patientenzufriedenheit wurden mittels Regressionsanalyse herausgearbeitet.

Ergebnisse
Die überarbeitete Version des Fragebogens mit 27 Fragen zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit mit den Anästhesieleistungen zeigte eine Einfaktorlösung der Dimension „Betreuung und Vertrauen“ auf. Mit einem Cronbachs α von 0,955 weist dieser Fragebogen eine hohe interne Konsistenz auf. In der Regressionsanalyse zeigen sich, dass das Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten (OR 1,02, 95 %-KI 1,01–1,04), die mündliche Befragung (OR 2,49, 95 %-KI 1,28–4,87) und das weibliche Geschlecht (OR 0,58, 95 %-KI 0,39–0,87) einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Patientenzufriedenheit mit den Anästhesieleistungen haben. Die Bildung, der Gesundheitszustand und das Spital zeigten sich nicht als Prädiktoren für die Patientenzufriedenheit mit den Anästhesieleistungen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Der Luzerner/Heidelberger Fragebogen ist zur Messung von Patientenzufriedenheit, einschließlich der Pflegeleistungen, geeignet und kann in der Praxis im deutschsprachigen Raum eingesetzt werden.
Keyhole TIG welding of newly developed nickel-based superalloy VDM Alloy 780
Authors: Ariaseta Achmad , Sadeghinia Nima , Andersson Joel , Ojo Olanrewaju 
Published: November 2022

Abstract The influence of keyhole TIG (K-TIG) welding parameters on the weld geometry and defects of a new nickel-based superalloy VDM Alloy 780 alloy were investigated using a statistical design of experiment, and the microstructures of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) of the K-TIG-welded VDM Alloy 780 were characterized. No cracks are found in the FZ and HAZ. Travel speed significantly influences the minimum weld width (Wm), face and root excess weld metal, face underfill, and average pore diameter. Welding current and the interaction current*travel speed significantly influence the face and root excess weld metals, respectively. Interdendritic microconstituents in the FZ are identified as (Nb,Ti)C particles and γ/Laves eutectic constituents based on SEM–EDS analysis. In addition, plate-like precipitates likely to be δ/η phase are observed surrounding the interdendritic Laves eutectics, and γ′ precipitates are found to be inhomogeneously precipitated in the FZ. In the partially melted zone (PMZ), (Nb,Ti)C, Laves phase, and plate-like particles are found in the liquated and resolidified regions. Constitutional liquation of (Nb,Ti)C in HAZ is observed where the liquated (Nb,Ti)C appears to be associated with the γ/Laves eutectic as a resolidified product.
Cogging Torque Minimization of PMBLDC Motor for Application in Battery Electric Vehicle
Authors: Bansal Rupam , Marwaha Sanjay , Verma Chaman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince the beginning, researchers have focused globally on the automotive industry, which recently yielded a notable increase in the development of electric vehicles. The cogging torque of the motor is the leading cause of acoustic noise and vibration. Therefore, this paper aims to reduce the cogging torque of Brushless DC motors in electric vehicles. The power rating of the two-wheeler battery electric vehicle is determined with kinematic dynamic equations. The choice of material and the combination of pole slots impact the vehicle’s overall performance, particularly in raising the average torque of the motor. Finite element based Ansys Maxwell electromagnetic field simulation software has been used to design and analyze the electric and magnetic field parameters of BLDC motor using several rotor poles embrace factor values. The findings of this study are expected to reduce vibration and noise in electric vehicles with increased average torque.
Whither Prussia? Berlin's Humboldt Forum and the Afterlife of a Vanished State
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrom its very conception some thirty years ago, Berlin's Humboldt Forum has been one of contemporary Germany's most controversial cultural initiatives. One aspect of this controversy has been the role of the Prussian past in reunified Germany. Housed in a reconstruction of the Prussian Royal Palace destroyed by the East German communist government in 1950, the visual symbolism of the project spurred a long struggle over the appropriate urban aesthetic for the country's capital city. In the view of many critics, the structure symbolizes the triumph of a particular conservative narrative of national memory that excludes the GDR, downplays National Socialism, and uncritically celebrates the Prussian past. This article traces how public debates about the structure of the Humboldt Forum have served as a vehicle for reflection on Prussian history and its relevance (or irrelevance) for reunified Germany.
Tc-rich M stars: platypuses of low-mass star evolution
Authors: Shetye Shreeya , Van Eck Sophie , Jorissen Alain , Siess Lionel , Goriely Stephane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe technetium-rich (Tc-rich) M stars reported in the literature (Little-Marenin & Little 1979; Uttenthaler et al. 2013) are puzzling objects since no isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than a few million years, and 9999Tc, the longest-lived isotope along the s-process path, is expected to be detected only in thermally-pulsing stars enriched with other s-process elements (like zirconium). Carbon should also be enriched, since it is dredged up at the same time, after each thermal pulse on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). However, these Tc-enriched objects are classified as M stars, meaning that they neither have any significant zirconium enhancement (otherwise they would be tagged as S-type stars) nor any large carbon overabundance (in which case they would be carbon stars).Here we present the first detailed chemical analysis of a Tc-rich M-type star, namely S Her. We first confirm the detection of the Tc lines, and then analyze its carbon and s-process abundances, and draw conclusions on its evolutionary status. Understanding these Tc-rich M stars is an important step to constrain the threshold luminosity for the first occurrence of the third dredge-up and the composition of s-process ejecta during the very first thermal pulses on the AGB.
The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse from the VLT/VLTI
Authors: Montargès M. , Cannon E. , Lagadec E. , de Koter A. , Kervella P. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Paladini C. , Cantalloube F. , Decin L. , Scicluna P. , Kravchenko K. , Dupree A. K. , Ridgway S. , Wittkowski M. , Anugu N. , Norris R. , Rau G. , Perrin G. , Chiavassa A. , Kraus S. , Monnier J. D. , Millour F. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Haubois X. , Lopez B. , Stee P. , Danchi W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrom November 2019 to April 2020, the prototypical red supergiant Betelgeuse experienced an unexpected and historic dimming. This event was observed worldwide by astrophysicists, and also by the general public with the naked eye. We present here the results of our observing campaign with ESO’s VLT and VLTI in the visible and infrared domains. The observations with VLT/SPHERE-ZIMPOL, VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS, VLTI/GRAVITY and VLTI/MATISSE provide spatially resolved diagnostics of this event. Using PHOENIX atmosphere models and RADMC3D dust radiative transfer simulations, we built a consistent model reproducing the images and the photometry.
Detailing evolved star wind complexity: comparing maser and thermal imaging
Authors: Richards A.M.S. , Assaf K.A. , Baudry A. , Decin L. , Etoka S. , Gray M.D. , Pimpanuwat B. ,   the ATOMIUM collaboration
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaser properties can be measured with milli-arcsec precision over multiple epochs using ALMA, cm- and mm-wave VLBI and e-MERLIN. This allows: (i) Tracing SiO maser proper motions in the pulsation-dominated zone; (ii) Quantifying clumpiness, variability and asymmetry of the wind traced by masers; (iii) Contrasting behaviour from OH masers even at similar distances from the star; (iv) Measuring magnetic fields. Mass lost from the star, traced by SiO masers, is likely to take decades to reach ∼5 stellar radii. At 5–50 stellar radii, once dust is well formed, 22-GHz H2O masers show the wind accelerating through the escape velocity; its overall direction is away from the star but the velocity field is complex. In a few cases (so far), highly-directed, localised ejecta are seen. Magnetic fields appear to be stellar-centred and strong enough to influence wind kinematics. Recent ALMA and other observations have shown that otherwise inconspicuous companions shape a majority of evolved star winds, whilst advanced models demonstrate how, for some situations, this is compatible with masers showing negligible rotation proper motions. The long-term monitoring achievable at radio frequencies complements the multi-transition maser studies and analysis of thermal lines and dust at shorter wavelengths.
Morpho-kinematics around cool evolved stars Unveiling the underlying companion
Authors: El Mellah I. , Bolte J. , Decin L. , Homan W. , Keppens R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBecause they lose tremendous amounts of mass, cool evolved stars are major sources of dust and molecules for the interstellar medium. Spectro-imaging of the dust-driven winds around these stars has enabled us to identify recurring nonspherical patterns (e.g. spirals, arcs, compressed wind). We use radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of dust-driven winds to study the imprints left in the wind by an orbiting stellar or sub-stellar companion. We designed 3D numerical setup to solve the wind dynamics beyond the dust condensation radius and follow the flow up to several hundreds of stellar radii. Non-uniform grids enable us to capture small scale features such as shocks or disks forming around the orbiting object. Depending on its mass and orbital parameters, we reproduced typical non-spherical features such as arcs, spirals, petals and orbital density enhancements, and identified patterns associated to eccentric orbits.
The inner dust shell of Betelgeuse seen with polarimetry
Authors: Haubois Xavier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe origin of red supergiant mass loss still remains to be understood. Characterizing the formation zone and the dust distribution within a few stellar radii above the surface is key to understanding the mass loss phenomenon. With its angular diameter of about 42 mas in the optical, Betelgeuse makes an ideal target to resolve the inner structures that represent potential signatures of dust formation. Past polarimetric observations reveal a dust environment in the first stellar radii. Depending on their characteristics and composition, dust grains could interact with the stellar radiation, trigger mass loss by momentum transfer from photons to dust to gas. Using spatially-resolved polarimetric observations of Betelgeuse, we detect a quasi-symmetric inner dust shell centered at ∼0.5 stellar radii above the photosphere and attempt at constraining its dust population.
Control of the Air‐Sea Oxygen to Heat Flux Ratio During Deep Convection Events
Authors: Sun Daoxun , Ito Takamitsu , Bracco Annalisa , Deutsch Curtis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarth System Models project a decline of dissolved oxygen in the oceans due to climate warming. Observational studies suggest that the ratio of O2 inventory to ocean heat content is several fold larger than what can be explained by solubility alone, but the ratio remains poorly understood. In this work, models of different complexity are used to understand the factors controlling the air‐sea O2 flux to heat flux ratio (O2/heat flux ratio) during deep convection. Our theoretical analysis based on a one‐dimensional convective adjustment model indicates that the vertical stratification and distribution of oxygen before the convective mixing determines the upper bound for the O2/heat flux ratio. Two competing rates, the mean entrainment rate of deeper waters into the mixed layer and the rate of air‐sea gas exchange, determine how much the actual ratio departs from the upper bound. The theoretical predictions are tested against the outputs of a regional ocean model. The model sensitivity experiments broadly agree with the theoretical predictions. Our results suggest that the relative vertical gradients of temperature and oxygen at sites of deep water formation are an important local metric to quantify the marginal changes between years with high and lower heat loss.