bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular health trajectories among adolescents enrolled in the SI Program in Spain: a longitudinal study
Authors: Martinez-Gomez J , De Cos-Gandoy A , Santos-Beneit G , Tresserra-Rimbau A , Bodega P , De Miguel M , Laveriano-Santos EP , Ramirez-Garza SL , Fernandez-Alvira JM , Orrit X , Carvajal I , Estruch R , Lamuela-Raventos RM , Fuster V , Fernandez-Jimenez R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): 1. Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de Salud Carlos III2. SHE Foundation and “la Caixa” Foundation.

Background
There is a paucity of data on adolescents’ cardiovascular health (CVH) profiles and longitudinal trajectories.

Purpose
To identify CVH trajectories in a large cohort of Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their relationship with sociodemographic variables.

Methods
This study collected data at approximately 12, 14 and 16 years of age from 1078 adolescents attending 24 secondary schools enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain [1]. The status (non-ideal = 0 points; ideal = 1 point) of each CVH individual metric (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, dietary habits, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) was determined following the criteria established by the American Heart Association [2]. An overall CVH score was constructed summing the number of ideal CVH metrics (ranged thus from 0 to 7 points), and poor, intermediate, or ideal overall CVH score was defined as ≤3, 4-5, or 6-7 ideal metrics, respectively [3]. CVH trajectories were identified using latent class trajectory modeling with the Stata command traj [4]. Next, individuals were assigned to the trajectory group they were most likely to belong based on the posterior predictive probabilities of group membership.

Results
Among 1078 adolescents with a baseline mean (SD) age of 12.5 (0.4) years, 48.5% girls, four distinct CVH trajectory groups were identified: low-stable (56 adolescents [5.0%]), low-rise (232 [21.3%]), intermediate-decline (136 [18.2%]) and intermediate-stable (654 [55.5%]) (Figure 1). Adolescents belonging to the intermediate-stable and the low-stable trajectories showed the highest and lowest overall CVH mean (SD) scores at baseline [4.8 (0.8) and 2.6 (0.9), respectively] (Figure 2). Similar differences were observed for the analysis of overall CVH score as a categorical variable (poor, intermediate, ideal). Sociodemographic differences between CVH trajectories were identified, with the highest proportion of girls, high-income and non-migrant families within the intermediate-stable trajectory.

Conclusions
In a large cohort of adolescents, ~55% of adolescents showed an intermediate CVH score at baseline and did not decline over time. The characterization of distinct CVH trajectories and sociodemographic differences between them may help tailoring health promotion programs for adolescents.
No association between serum phytosterols and inflammatory marker levels in a population-based study
Authors: Stanasila L , Marquez Vidal PM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation

Background
The association between inflammation and dietary sterols remains poorly assessed at the population level.

Aims
To assess the possible association between serum levels of various phytosterols (PS) and inflammatory markers.

Methods
Serum levels of six PS (campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, sitostanol, brassicasterol), four cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol, lanosterol, desmosterol, dihydrolanosterol) and one cholesterol absorption marker (cholestanol) were measured together with levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in two cross-sectional surveys of a population-based, prospective study.

Results
PS levels and their ratios to cholesterol were significantly positively correlated to other PS and cholesterol absorption marker and negatively correlated to cholesterol synthesis markers, with a good agreement between follow-ups. Bivariate correlations showed a generally negative, sometimes significant, association between PS levels (or PS:total cholesterol ratio) and CRP in both follow-ups. The association between PS (or PS:total cholesterol) and IL6 or TNF alpha was mostly negative and, for some PS, significant in the second follow-up (Figure). These associations did not withstand adjusting for confounding factors such as sex, age, BMI and statin administration.

Conclusion
In this population-based study, PS serum levels were not significantly associated with inflammatory markers.
The level of the awareness of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan about the levels of cholesterol, glucose in the blood, as well as about the factor of heredity
Authors: Mukhtarkhanova D , Junusbekova G , Tundybayeva M , Baglanova L , Leonovich T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
The prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is very high, including in Kazakhstan: obesity, high cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, as well as impaired glucose tolerance. That is why it is important to urge the population to be aware of and control the levels of cholesterol and glucose in the blood, as well as the hereditary factor.

Purpose
To assess the awareness of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan about the levels of cholesterol, glucose in the blood, as well as about the factor of heredity.

Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study with the sample of 1374 adults was conducted from August 2021 to November 2021 in four regions of Kazakhstan. There were both sexes (838 women (61%) and 536 men (39%)) of mean age - 39±10 years. Respondents were questioned by the special questionnaire performed to assess cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure and heart rate measurements. Statistical test was performed by the StatTech, Russia.

Results
According to the data obtained, a 488 female respondents (58.2%) and 235 male respondents (43.8%) are aware of blood glucose levels, while 44 (5.3%) women and 39 (7.3%) men are aware of an increase in indicators, it should be noted that the majority of men (262, 48.9% ) do not know the glucose level (p &lt;0.001).
Regarding blood cholesterol parameters, there is no statistically significant difference between women and men: most female and male respondents are unaware of their cholesterol levels: 474 (56.6%) and 329 (61.4%), respectively (p = 0.077).
However, with regard to the factor of heredity for cardiovascular diseases, it was not possible to establish a statistically significant difference between the sexes: the overwhelming majority of both women and men are aware of their hereditary history, while 297 female (35.4%) and 176 male (32.8%), respectively, report aggravated heredity.
There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among male and female respondents (p = 0.875): 47 (5.6%) among women and 29 (5.4%) among men.

Conclusion
There is significant difference between female and male regarding to awareness about glucose blood levels; women are more likely to be aware about their own health. The overwhelming majority of both men and women are aware of the heredity factor.
Gaming for better health? Comparison of cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses of exergaming with moderate endurance exercise
Authors: Ketelhut S , Ketelhut R , Kircher E , Roeglin L , Hottenrott K , Martin-Niedecken AL , Ketelhut K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Exergames are interactive video games that require the player to move their body to progress through the game. Even though numerous studies have determined a higher exercise intensity in exergames compared to sedentary videogames, the literature remains equivocal as to whether exergames elicit intensity levels that result in relevant physiological responses. The aim of the present study was to assess whether an exergaming session (ES) in an innovative exergame represents a physiological relevant exercise stimulus capable of producing favorable hemodynamic responses similar to moderate endurance exercise (MEE). Therefore, cardiovascular responses during and after an ES and an ET were assessed and compared.

Methods
Twenty-seven healthy young adults aged 25±4 years (48% female; BMI 23.0±2.1 kg/m2) participated in the study. The Maximum heart rate (HRmax) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were determined during a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill. Furthermore, participants completed both a typical MEE (35 minutes, 65% of HRmax) on a treadmill and an ES (28 minutes). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption were recorded during both training sessions. Both before and during the 45 minutes after the training sessions, the peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) were assessed.

Results
HR and oxygen consumption were significantly higher during ES than during MEE (p&lt;0.001). Throughout the ES, the participants achieved a mean HR of 86±4 % of HRmax. Mean oxygen consumption reached 66±5 % of VO2max. 45 Minutes after the ES, there was a significant decrease in peripheral systolic (-6.2±2.9 mmHg; p&lt;0.001) and diastolic (-4.8±5.7 mmHg; p&lt;0.001), as well as in central systolic (-4.9±5.4 mmHg; p&lt;0.001) and diastolic (-4.8±5.2 mmHg; p&lt;0.001) BP compared to baseline. After MEE, only the peripheral diastolic (-2.3±3.4 mmHg; p=0.003), and central diastolic (-2.2±3.8 mmHg; p=0.006) pressure were significantly lower than the resting values before the exercise. The interaction effects showed significant differences in peripheral and central systolic BP as well as in peripheral diastolic BP (p=0.05).

Conclusion
The ES represents a vigorous exercise stimulus that triggers relevant peripheral and central BP reactions that are more pronounced than after an MEE. Exergaming may therefore be a promising tool for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Prevention of heart failure in type 2 diabetes by exercise intervention: protocol and design of the PROTECTION study
Authors: Michielsen M , Gojevic T , De Craemer M , Claessen G , Cornelissen V , Hansen D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): research Foundation - Flanders (FWO)

Introduction
Cardiac dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to increased risk of cardiac morbidity and premature death. Previous research underscored the high prevalence of a disturbed global longitudinal strain (GLS), a marker to predict this cardiac dysfunction, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic T2DM patients. Exercise-based therapy is recommended in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unclear i) which type of exercise therapy to have the biggest effect on GLS and ii) which factors modify the effect of exercise therapy on GLS.

Purpose
The PROTECTION study will i) investigate the impact of exercise volume and intensity on GLS to optimize exercise prescription in T2DM and will ii) assess which patient-specific factors influence the change in GLS and physical fitness as a result of exercise intervention in T2DM.

Methods and analyses
The PROTECTION study is composed of two work packages (WP). In WP 1, 100 T2DM adults (50% male, aged 30-75 years) will be randomized to a usual care group or one of the three supervised exercise intervention groups (see Table 1) for a duration of 26 weeks. Outcome measures will be performed at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcomes are GLS and cardiac dimensions. Secondary outcomes include health-related physical fitness, blood biomarkers and physical activity behavior. Data will be analyzed by two-way ANOVA repeated measures. A two-tailed P-value &lt;0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Parallel with the randomized controlled trial, a longitudinal intervention study (WP2) involving 107 adults (50% male, aged 30-75 years) with T2DM will be conducted. All participants will engage in a supervised intervention for 26 weeks, including a high volume of moderate intense physical activity (see Table 1). The main objective of this work package is to define determinants of change in GLS during an exercise intervention. Moreover, the interaction between diet-exercise, habitual physical activity-exercise and phenotype-exercise on change in GLS will be studied in great detail. Patient-specific data will be analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. A two-tailed P-value &lt;0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Conclusion
It is anticipated that the PROTECTION study will contribute to a better understanding on i) which exercise characteristics are preferred to maximally improve GLS in T2DM and on ii) the determinants of the responsiveness of GLS and physical fitness to exercise in T2DM.
Coronary computed tomography angiography improves coronary risk prediction in general population
Authors: Vilades D , Degano IR , Subirana I , Descalzo M , Padilla M , Mundet X , Carreras F , Alomar X , Camps-Vilaro A , Elosua R , Marrugat J , Leta R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development FundAgency for Management of University and Research Grants

Introduction
In the next decades, it is expected an increasing incidence of acute coronary syndrome in the Spanish population. Identify high-risk patients could be the most cost-effective way to reduce its incidence and morbi-mortality burden. We studied the effect of adding coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the extent of atherosclerotic disease (SIS score) to classical cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in coronary risk prediction.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of 325 asymptomatic patients recruited between 2013-2017. Demographic characteristics and CV risk factors were obtained and all participants underwent a coronary computed tomography angiography exam in which CAC and SIS were determined. The cohort was followed-up (median= 4 years) for a composite endpoint that included CV death, myocardial infarction, coronary angiography and/or revascularization. Improvement in discrimination and in reclassification by the inclusion of CAC/SIS in the Framingham-REGICOR function were examined with the Sommer's D index and with the Net reclassification index (NRI) (categorical and continuous), respectively.

Results
Nine of the 251 individuals included in the study had an event in the follow-up. Of the included participants, 94 had a CAC = 0 and 85 a SIS = 0. These participants had no events. The addition of SIS or of SIS and CAC scores to the Framigham-REGICOR risk function increased significantly the discrimination capacity from 0.71 to 0.88 (Table 1). Reclassification measured by the continuous NRI also improved significantly from 69.5 to 112.4/115.5 when SIS or both scores were included (Table 2).

Conclusions
CAC and SIS scores were associated to 4-year CV event incidence, independently of coronary risk estimation. Discrimination and reclassification of the Framigham-REGICOR coronary function were significantly improved by both indexes, but SIS overrode the effect of CAC.
Relationship of 5-year changes in inflammatory, metabolic and oxidative biomarkers with cardiovascular diseases incidence at 10-years
Authors: Camps-Vilaro A , Subirana I , Fito M , Ramos R , R Degano I , Marrugat J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund Government of Catalonia through the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants

Background
Early stratification of cardiovascular (CV) risk saves thousands of lives every year. There is a debate about the value of determining genetic or plasma biochemical biomarkers, related to atherosclerosis process, to improve the prediction of an incident CV disease. While, single measurements of some of these biomarkers have been associated with an increased risk of CV disease, the change of the levels of these biomarkers over time could also improve the prediction of CV events and drive the identification of new biological pathways and therapeutic targets.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the relationship between 5-year change in the levels of biomarkers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1, and CRP), glucidic metabolism (adiponectin, leptin, and insulin) and oxidation (GHS-Px), and the incidence of CV events at 10 years in a population without previous CV disease.

Methods
This was a cohort study nested in a large population cohort. Participants were randomly selected from the REGICOR cohort (North-Eastern Spain) recruited in 2005 (6.352 participants). Biomarkers were measured at baseline and in a re-examination in 2010. Participants were followed until 2020 for a composite CV disease endpoint including fatal and non-fatal first occurrence of coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Baseline characteristics were compared between participants with and without CV events with standard parametric and non-parametric methods, as required. We used Cox regression to analyse the effect of the 5-year change of the biomarker levels on the occurrence of the composite endpoint adjusted for age, sex, baseline levels of each biomarker and classical CV risk factors.

Results
We included 419 individuals aged 35 to 74 years. Overall, 6.2% developed an incident CV disease within the 10-year follow-up. Characteristics of participants, who had or not a CV event, are compared in Table 1. Cases had a more adverse CV and anthropometric risk profile. Compared to individuals with sustained IL-6 and insulin levels, those with increased IL-6 or insulin after five years were at higher independent risk of CV disease at ten years. After adjusting for potential confounders, an increased IL-6 and insulin at the 5-year follow-up were independently associated with CV disease at 10-years (Table 2). Each rise of IL-6 or insulin in 1pg/mL or 10pg/mL, respectively, increased 32% (IL-6) and 2% (insulin) the risk of developing a CV event at 10-years.

Conclusions
Increasing IL-6 and insulin levels over five years indicates a higher risk of CV disease ten years thereafter, independently of classical risk factors.
Prognostic role of advanced retinopathy of vascular etiology in coronary artery disease in very long-term follow-up
Authors: Aguila Gordo D , Marina Breysse M , Piqueras Flores J , Mateo Gomez C , Cubides Novoa AF , Soto Perez M , Negreira Caamano M , Munoz Garcia M , Arizon Munoz JM , Salas Bravo D , Martinez Del Rio J , Moron Alguacil A , Blanco Lopez E , Soto Martin P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Although an association between some forms of vascular retinopathy and cardiovascular disease has been described, its predictive role in ischemic heart disease has not been sufficiently clarified.

Methods
Prospective cohort of 107 patients with medical indication for coronary angiography who underwent funduscopic examination to assess the presence of retinopathy. We recorded the occurrence of new acute coronary syndromes, the detection of perfusion defects in ischemia tests, the need for new catheterization and revascularization, and hospital readmission for cardiovascular causes with a median follow-up of 10 years.

Results
The median age was 67 years. A total of 39.3% were women, and 91.2% presented some cardiovascular risk factor, the most frequent being arterial hypertension in 78.5%, followed by dyslipidemia in 57% and diabetes in 32.7%. At the start of follow-up, 84.1% had some type of vascular retinopathy, with 46.3% of patients having high-grade retinopathy. In coronary angiography, up to 55% presented significant coronary artery disease, and angioplasty was performed in 39% of cases. During follow-up, only 2.9% of patients suffered ACS, 15% presented pathological myocardial SPECT, up to 14% underwent a new coronary angiography and 6.5% required new myocardial revascularization. The presence of advanced vascular retinopathy was associated with a higher rate of defects on Tc99 perfusion scintigraphy (p=0.002); a higher rate of coronary angiography (p=0.001) and myocardial revascularization (p=0.045). In addition, in the survival analysis, ischemia development was observed in earlier SPECT (103.13±4 vs 116.3±1.9 p=0.01), as well as earlier myocardial revascularization (109.72±3.5 vs 118.8±0.1 p=0.03) than in the rest of patients.

Conclusions
High-grade vascular retinopathy is associated with more and earlier inducible ischemia as well as more need for revascularization. The performance of fundus imaging in patients with suspected ischemic heart disease may be useful for long-term stratification.
Cardiovascular risk scores and vascular age before and after concurrent exercise training in adults with schizophrenia: CORTEX-SP study
Authors: Maldonado-Martin S , Tous-Espelosin M , Iriarte-Yoller N , Sanchez PM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness “Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Insti-tuto de Salud Carlos III”

Background
Individuals with schizophrenia (SP) have a greater risk for cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This risky profile may be explained by the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications and an unhealthy lifestyle (i.e., low physical activity, smoking and poor diet). In the general population, physical activity has been shown to be the optimal strategy to improve both cardiometabolic parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. These findings strongly suggest that targeting a comprehensive approach that includes non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise and/or cognitive rehabilitation, could be effective and beneficial in the evolution of the disease.

Purpose
To estimate cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) and vascular age (VA) profiles before and after a concurrent exercise training intervention in adults with schizophrenia.

Methods
Participants (n=97, 20.4% women, 41.3±10.0 yr old) with SP had their CVR and VA determined using the SCORE2, relative risk and the Framingham method (FHS). The participants were randomly assigned into a control group (usual care) or a supervised exercise group (concurrent training, 3 days/week, 20-weeks). The variables for the CVR determination were: age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), non high-density lipoprotein (non HDL-C) cholesterol, HDL-C, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive medication, and smoking status.

Results
At baseline, exercise group presented lower values (P&lt;0.05) compared to control group in SBP (113.4 vs. 120.5 mmHg), whereas in the rest of the values no significant between-groups differences were found (P&gt;0.05). In accordance with guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, considering SCORE2, both groups were classified as low risk; but taking into account FHS and relative chart, were considered to have moderate risk. At follow-up, there was no overall change for either group and between groups in the magnitude of change in any of the studied variables.

Conclusion(s)
People with SP presented a moderate CVR. A comprehensive approach including not only exercise but also nutrition intervention could be more effective in managing CVR in this population.