bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does perceived stress mediate the relationship between financial status, depression, and anxiety in caregivers at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Authors: Smith J , Mcneely C , Chung ML , Miller JL , Biddle M , Schuman DL , Rayens MK , Lennie TA , Hammash M , Mudd-Martin G , Moser DK 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National Institutes of Health National Institute of Nursing Research

Background/Introduction
Caregivers are at high risk of anxiety and depression, and caregiver mental health is linked to higher CVD risk in caregivers over their non-caregiving peers. Most research focuses on caregiver burden as a primary cause for caregiver’s emotional distress, such as anxiety and depression. Other stressors like financial burden are less emphasized, despite widespread documentation of financial burden as a key social determinant of health. We hypothesize financial status predicts anxiety and depression through perceived stress.

Purpose
To identify the relationship between financial status and caregiver anxiety and depression and determine if it is mediated by perceived stress.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Rural Intervention for Caregiver’s Heart Health study. Anxiety was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory – Anxiety subscale (range 0 -3.5) and depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire –9 (range 0 - 27). Financial status was measured with one item that asked participants to rank their financial situation by level of comfort (not enough to make ends meet, enough to make ends meet, and comfortable), and perceived stress measured with Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale – 4. Analysis was performed separately for the two mental health outcomes using OLS regression and, to test mediation, the PROCESS macro for SPSS and the bootstrapping procedure with 5,000 samples. We included age, gender, marital status, number of people in the household, body mass index, smoking status, and caregiver burden as covariates.

Results
Of the 287 participants, average age was 54 ± 13; 76% were female, 95.8% were Caucasian, and 70.4% were married. Controlling for covariates, caregivers with not enough to make ends meet reported substantially greater depressive symptoms (b=2.22, 95% CI = 0.48 – 3.96) and marginally greater anxiety (b=0.23, 95% CI = -0.02 – 0.47) compared to caregivers who were financially comfortable. These associations were not mediated by perceived stress as hypothesized.

Conclusions
Among caregivers who are at risk for CVD, financial status was important in reporting both depression and to a lesser extent, anxiety however perceived stress does not mediate this relationship. This is interesting as perceived stress is often a target for interventions that focus on reducing depression and anxiety in this population however our analysis emphasizes the importance of financial status alone. When designing interventions to reduce the CVD risk factors of anxiety and depression, more attention should be paid to relieving financial burden.
Effect of aerobic exercise on functional capacity in post operative breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy
Authors: Bhise A , Amarsheda S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Adjuvant therapy in patients with early stage breast cancer can increases patients’ overall health and survival rate but it also has some unwanted changes in patients’ life. Of all the symptoms experienced by patients due to adjuvant therapy, decreased physical activity is common which is having impact on their overall well-being and quality of life. Aerobic exercise training mostly involves activities with intensity that is light to moderate which sufficiently stimulate the aerobic metabolism so activities can be performed for prolonged period of time.

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of aerobic exercise training with conventional exercise on functional capacity in postoperative breast cancer patients who are receiving adjuvant therapy.

Method
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on stage I-III post operative breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy. Outcome measurement was 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) for functional capacity. Group A participants received aerobic exercise with conventional exercise for 8 weeks and Group B participants received conventional exercise alone daily for 8 weeks. Group A received training 3 times in a week with two supervised sessions and one unsupervised session for 8 weeks.

Result
Total of 55 participants were analyzed using appropriate test after testing for normal distribution. Changes in outcome measure was analysed within the group as well as between the groups. Group A participants (n=27) have shown significant improvement in functional capacity after the intervention. Group B participants (n=28) have shown no improvement in functional capacity. There was significant improvement in functional capacity in aerobic exercise group compared to conventional exercise group.

Conclusion
Aerobic exercise is effective for the management of functional capacity in post-operative breast cancer women receiving adjuvant therapy.
The first national program of remote cardiac rehabilitation - goal achievements, adherence, and responsiveness in elderly patients
Authors: Nabutovsky I , Breitner D , Heller A , Klempfner Y , Nachshon A , Yeshayahu S , Gang N , Klempfner R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Sheba medical center

Background
Remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) after myocardial infarction is an innovative program in the field of telemedicine. RCR is included in the health basket. Many believe that telemedicine programs better fit younger patients, whose technological literacy is higher than older patients. Older patients are also thought to have difficulty consuming technology-based programs and meeting program goals. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) To study patterns of physical activity, goal achievement, and improvement in functional level among RCR participants over 65 compared with younger patients. 2) To study the variables that can predict better patient adherence and compliance with the rehabilitation program.

Methods
A retrospective study of post-myocardial infarction patients enrolled in six-month RCR program. The activity of the patients was monitored using a smart watch. The data were collected and analyzed by a special telemedicine system. RCR program goals were: (i)150 minutes of aerobic activity per week; (ii) 120 minutes of the activity within the target heart rate; (iii) 8000 steps per day. Predictive models were created to evaluate variables predicting adherence and compliance with the program.

Results
306 participants, 80 of them were elderly (average age 70 ± 3.38). At the end of the program, there was a significant improvement (p &lt;0.001) in the functional capacity of all participants. The elderly improved from 8.11 ± 2.8 to 11.25 ± 12.6 METs, while the final METs results in the elderly group were similar to other participants. During all program months, the elderly showed better achievement of program goals compared to younger ones (p &lt;0.01). We found that age of patients is a clear predictor (p &lt;0.01) of early dropout from the program and goals achievements – the higher the age, the fewer dropouts and better achievement.

Conclusions
Elderly can successfully participate in telemedicine rehabilitation programs, and such programs are beneficial for them. Age is not a limitation, but a predictor for better achievement of goals and compliance with the RCR program.
The digital profile of cardiac patients anno 2021
Authors: Bonneux C , Dendale P , Coninx K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): EU funded project H2020 IA CoroPrevention,Special Research Fund (BOF) of Hasselt University

Background
The usage of technology and digital applications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is increasing rapidly. When designing health applications, it is important to take into account the digital literacy and profile of the target users. However, few studies assess cardiac patients’ digital profile and willingness to use health applications, though often concerns are raised regarding usability in this target population.

Purpose
We investigated the digital profile of cardiac patients, including their technology usage and interest in using health applications.

Methods
In the context of a European project, we launched a call in the local media (radio and newspaper) to recruit participants for a usability study for applications supporting secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. As part of the formative usability study, all patients filled in a custom-made background questionnaire that assessed their socio-demographical information and technology usage.

Results
Of all respondents to the call in the local media, 56 cardiac patients (47 male, 9 female) participated in the usability study in the local rehabilitation centre. The age distribution was quite diverse, ranging from people below 30 years until people older than 70 years, with 75% of the participants being 60 years or older. Most participants liked (53,57%) or strongly liked (28,57%) to use technology and applications. 58,93% of the participants had already prior experience with health applications and none of them disliked using health applications. The most frequently used device was a smartphone (Figure 1), being used by almost all participants (96,43%) on a daily basis, followed by a computer or laptop (80,36%). When looking at the newest technology, such as smartwatches and activity trackers, half of the participants use a smartwatch or activity tracker. In general, most technology usage was for personal purposes. The participants used technology for varying purposes, predominantly communication and information seeking, but also for games, music, social networking sites, and videos and pictures (as depicted in Figure 2).

Conclusion
The technology usage of cardiac patients and their familiarity with health applications is increasing rapidly, indicated by high possession of different types of technology and using these devices for varying purposes. This provides opportunities for telehealth applications supporting cardiovascular disease prevention. As a minor limitation, we should note that there is a possibility for bias in favour of the participants being tech-savvy, due to the way in which we recruited our participants. Nevertheless, a substantial number of participants still had no prior experience with health applications.
Role of telecardiology in prevent mortality and improve quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Prana Jagannatha G , Dwi Adelia Yasmin AAA , Gita Raditya Sanjiwani NP , Surya Pradnyana IWA , Kamardi S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction
Patients with heart failure (HF) usually have limited functional capacity which ultimately reduces the quality of life and increases mortality rates that burden the health care system, HF currently has the highest readmission rate among all medical conditions. Telecardiology is a modern method based on long-distance telecommunications that are practical to implement and has the potential to improve the outcome of HF patients.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of telecardiology on mortality and quality of life of patients with HF

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library with the journal publication period was 2010-2021. The primary outcomes of this study were mortality and quality of life (QoL). Secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), rehospitalization, and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Telecardiology in this study covers telephone-based, software-based, and monitoring with devices. Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% CI was calculated using a random-effect model, and the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to combine RR.

Results
A total of 29 RCTs with 13,837 adult NYHA I-IV HF patients were included. The follow-up range was 1-26 months. Telecardiology resulted in statistically significant risk reduction of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.90 ; 95% CI:0.83,0.99; p=0.02), and significant improvement in quality of life based on the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) (p&lt;0.00001 ). We were also found the incidence of rehospitalization (RR: 0.94; 95% CI:0.90,0.98; p=0.004) and MACE (RR: 0.58; 95% CI:0.55,0.62; p&lt;0.00001) were significantly lower in the telecardiology population. when compared with the control population, but not significantly associated with changes in LVEF (p = 0.79).

Conclusion(s)
Telecardiology is proven to improve patient outcomes in terms of mortality and quality of life. A significant reduction in rehospitalization has the potential to reduce the national health burden.
Impact of Secondhand smoking on Dyslipidaemia among non-smokers: findings from the 2015-2016 NHANES dataset in the United States
Authors: Okekunle A , Asowata OJ , Adedokun B , Akpa OM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This research was supported by the Brain Pool Program supported through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2020H1D3A1A04081265).

Background
Dyslipidemia is a prominent risk factor of mortality globally. While active smoking has been implicated in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide, there is little understanding on the impact of subtle secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) on dyslipidaemia among non-smokers.

Purpose
This study assessed the association of SHSE with dyslipidaemia among non-smoking adults from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States.

Method
Participants for this study were 3,064 non-smoking adults (≥18years) identified through a multistage sampling method in the United States. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle and history of CVD were collected using standard operating principles. Also, fasting blood samples were collected by trained personnel to determine blood lipid profiles. SHSE was defined as exposure to smoke from a burning cigarette (exhaled by a smoker) in an indoor environment or a blood cotinine concentration ≥ 0.05 ng/ml. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Logistic regression was adopted to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between SHSE and dyslipidaemia at a two-sided P &lt; 0.05.

Results
The mean age of respondents was 46.4 ± 18.0years, 63.2% were females, 36.2% reported SHSE, and 59.6% had dyslipidemia. The aOR and 95% CI among respondents with SHSE was 1.148 (1.147-1.149) in the entire sample. Similarly, odds of dyslipidaemia in the light of SHSE was 1.130 (1.129-1.131) among those &lt; 60 years, 1.304 (1.300-1.308)] among those ≥ 60 years, 1.165 (1.163-1.167) among males and 1.214 (1.212-1.215) among females.

Conclusion(s)
SHSE was associated with higher odds of dyslipidaemia and might be an often missed risk factor in the risk of dyslipidaemia. Primary prevention strategies(s) might be necessary to reduce the impact of SHSE on the burden of dyslipidaemia and CVD worldwide.
Subcutaneous and visceral fat density is associated with long-term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Van Erck D , Moeskops P , Schoufour JD , Scholte Op Reimer WJM , Weijs PJM , Henriques JP , De Vos B , Delewi R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Amsterdam UMC

Background
Despite a technically successful procedure, not all patients with severe aortic valve stenosis benefit from Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Screening of patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes can improve treatment decisions. Studies in healthy older adults show that fat density on a Computed Tomography scan (CT) scan is a possible risk factor associated with weight loss and mortality. The association of fat density with mortality after TAVI is unknown.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the association of subcutaneous and visceral fat density with long-term mortality after TAVI, in addition to known risk factors.

Methods
Patients undergoing TAVI from January 2010 to January 2020 were included. Computed-tomography (CT) scans were made in all patients as work-up for the procedure. Deep-learning-based software was used to automatically determine subcutaneous and visceral fat density on available fat tissue at the transversal slice at the height of lumbar vertebra 3 (L3), see figure 1. Association with all-cause long-term mortality was determined with Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and adjusted Cox regression models. In all analyses, patients in the highest tertile of fat density were compared to patients in the middle and lowest tertile. Two Cox regression models were made, model one adjusted for relevant confounders: age, sex, EuroSCORE-II, New York Heart Association score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, transfemoral access route, body mass index, and chronic kidney disease; and model two additionally including muscle mass and muscle density.

Results
In total, 1,404 patients were included, mean age was 80 ± 7 years and 53% were female. Median long-term follow up was 1,093 [IQR: 639 – 1,602] days. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed that both subcutaneous fat density (Figure 2, log rank p&lt;0.01) and visceral fat density (Figure 2, log rank p&lt;0.01) were strongly associated with mortality. In the multivariate Cox regression model one, the association remained significant with a hazard ratio of 1.46 [95%CI: 1.23 – 1.73] for high subcutaneous fat density and 1.31 [95%CI: 1.09 – 1.58] for high visceral fat density. Also, in model two fat density remained significantly associated with mortality for subcutaneous fat density HR 1.52 [95%CI: 1.28 – 1.81] and visceral fat density HR 1.41 [95%CI: 1.16 – 1.71].

Conclusion
High subcutaneous and visceral fat density determined on the procedural CT-scan before the TAVI are independently associated with long-term mortality. These results show that future risk models in TAVI patients should take fat density into account.
Maternal type 1 diabetes, pre-term birth and risk of autism spectrum disorder–a prospective cohort study
Authors: Persson Martina , Reichenberg Abraham , Andersson Franko Mikael , Sandin Sven 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
It has been suggested that maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. However, it is unclear whether this risk is mediated by pre-term birth, affecting around one-third of pregnancies with T1D, and whether maternal levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) impact the risk.

Methods
A cohort of 1.4 million Swedish children born between 1998 and 2015, and their parents. Maternal T1D and HbA1c before or in early pregnancy, gestational and ASD diagnoses were obtained from Swedish national registers. Relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs of ASD were estimated by hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression or RR from log-binomial regression.

Results
Of 1 406 650 children, 8003 (0.6%) were born to mothers with T1D, 24 941 (1.8%) were diagnosed with ASD and 81 915 (5.8%) were born pre-term. The risk of ASD was increased in offspring of mothers with T1D was HR = 1.40 (1.21–1.61). The RR for each +5-mmol/mol excess HbA1c was estimated at HR = 1.03 (0.97–1.10). The T1D effect on ASD mediated through pre-term birth was estimated at RR = 1.06 (1.05 to 1.08), corresponding to 22% (16% to 41%) of the total effect. T1D in pregnancy was associated with increased ASD risk in the offspring. Twenty percent of the total effect was accounted for by pre-term birth. HbA1c was not associated with ASD risk, beyond the risk associated by the T1D diagnosis itself.

Conclusion
Awareness of ASD in the offspring of mothers with T1D may be warranted, especially considering the additional effect of pre-term birth.
Mass Media Influence on the Rapid Rise of Climate Change
Authors: Damsbo-Svendsen Søren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When a political issue rises to the top of the public agenda, it puts pressure on decision-makers, shifts power to actors engaging with the issue, and opens a window of opportunity. This article shows that online mass media contributed to the rapid rise of climate change on European public agendas in and around 2019. It also suggests that climate issue publics, that is particularly concerned and interested citizens, were influenced most. Conversely, citizens without strong climate opinions are not subject to influence from intensive media coverage. The results come from vector autoregression (VAR) models that take advantage of unique daily salience time series. The time series are constructed from weekly repeated nationally representative surveys of the public (N = 25,445) and online news articles (N = 6,905) by a dominant mass media news outlet that boasts a particularly large, trustful, and diverse audience. Traditional mass media can retain a powerful agenda-setting role even in increasingly fragmented media environments. But the target of their influence depends on the issue and the composition of corresponding issue publics, plausibly due in part to individual differences in use and processing of information about the issue.
Learning-based essential matrix estimation for visual localization
Authors: Son Moongu , Ko Kwanghee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Visual localization is defined as finding the camera pose from two-dimensional images, which is a core technique in many computer vision tasks, including robot navigation, autonomous driving, augmented/mixed/virtual reality, mapping, etc. In this study, we address the pose estimation problem from a single-color image using a neural network. We propose a coarse-to-fine approach based on a deep learning framework, which consists of two steps: direct regression-based coarse pose estimation that obtains a pose by finding a pose-based similar image retrieval and Siamese network-based essential matrix estimation to obtain a refined pose. Experimental results using the 7-scenes, Cambridge, and RobotCar datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods in terms of accuracy and stability.