bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Set free: an evaluation of two break-away mechanisms for tracking collars
Authors: Povh Leticia F. , Willers Nicole , Fleming Patricia A. 
Published: November 2022

Context One of the welfare and ethical challenges with tracking animals is ensuring that the tracking device is removed from the animal at the conclusion of the study. However, for animals that are not readily re-trapped, the impact of devices and alternatives for their retrieval are rarely examined. Aims We compared the retention time of two types of break-away mechanisms for tracking collars deployed on mainland quokkas (Setonix brachyurus). Methods We tested a cotton thread (CT) weak-link, where the collar was cut and then a looping stitch was made to link the cut ends of the collar. We compared collar retention time of this simple mechanism with a lightweight automatic micro timed-release device (mTRD, Sirtrack). Key results Of the 17 radio collars with CT, the fates of 15 collars contributed to retention time data. Seven collars released: six fell off and were recovered 148 ± 64 (s.d.) days after deployment and another collar fell off 136 days after deployment but could not be recovered. Eight quokkas were recaptured (161 ± 109 days after deployment) and collars removed. Two quokkas were each tracked for over a year but then disappeared. Of the 11 GPS collars fitted with a mTRD, the fates of nine collars contributed to retention time data. Two released early at 16 and 29 days and were recovered. Seven fell off around the scheduled release date. There were two unknown fates. Re-trapped collared quokkas did not show evidence of injuries from wearing collars or any significant change in body mass (P = 0.442). Conclusions The timing of release for the CT weak-link was unpredictable, with a third of the collars releasing within 1 year and 7/15 lasting only about 6 months. Over two-thirds (7/9) of the GPS collars fitted with timed-release device released on schedule while 2/9 released early. Implications Tracking devices equipped with break-away mechanisms are essential for safeguarding animal welfare outcomes for species where the chance of recapture is not certain. For both break-away types examined in this study, the release timing was unpredictable and poor collar recovery rates show the importance of adding camera traps to monitor the outcomes for collared animals.
Short-term response of research activities on white shark behaviour
Authors: Niella Yuri , Simes Brett , Fox Andrew , Wright Andrew , Waller Matt , Riley Madeline , Meyer Lauren , Drew Michael , Pederson Hugh , Huveneers Charlie 
Published: November 2022

Context Researchers studying animals need to ensure that sampling procedures and the methods they use are as harmless and non-disruptive as possible, particularly when their focal species are threatened or protected. White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List, protected globally, and are frequently studied by marine ecologists. Aims To assess white shark responses to research activities (i.e. tagging and biopsy procedures, and electric deterrent trials) conducted at the Neptune Islands Group Marine Park (South Australia, Australia). Methods Trends in shark residency following research activities were assessed by comparing shark abundance (number of sharks detected by acoustic receivers and sighted by cage-diving operators) before, during, and after scientific expeditions, and to natural fluctuations in the absence of research activities using 8 years (2013–2021) of acoustic tracking and daily sighting reports from a wildlife tourism industry. Key results Number of white sharks and residency decreased after sampling. However, changes observed following research activities were similar to natural fluctuations, suggesting that these changes reflected natural variations rather than being due to sharks responding negatively to the research activities. Conclusions Our study showed that external tagging, biopsies, or deterrent trials do not affect short- and long-term residency or abundance of white sharks, probably owing to the research activities being minimally intrusive and to sharks having efficient immune systems and remarkable ability to heal from injuries. Implications Re-evaluating study methods forms part of the researcher’s responsibilities to ensure best practice and to abide by national and international codes for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes.
Animal names applied to a person in Maasai society
Authors: Sane Eliakimu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article
explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the
theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analyzed information from an ethnographic exploration through
observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and
avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal
cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and
women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and
semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.
The performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Xinren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study explores the performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts. The
analysis of both interactional data and post-event interview data indicates that the detection of moral transgression and moral
identification may outweigh the power relationship and social distance in the interactional practice, and that toast intervention,
by default, is relationally constructive even in seemingly conflictive situations. As a complement to previous research on ritual
communication, such as countering the heckler and bystander intervention which focus on genuine aggression, this study sheds light
on the ritual act of toast intervention as ‘mock intervention’, which is a form of ‘mock moral aggression’ similar to ritual
teasing. Thus, this study reveals the greater significance of moral identification compared to other contextual factors, and its
role in explaining the relational consequences of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts.
2.7 μm GaSb-based distributed feedback lasers with laterally coupled gratings
Authors: Han Shixian , Yan Jinyi , Cao Chun-fang , Yang Jing , Zhao Xuyi , Yu Wenfu , Antian Du , Liu Ruotao , Hu Wenxin , Chen Yuanyu , Wang Hailong , Gong Qian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report on a high-performance GaSb-based quantum well laterally coupled distributed feedback laser emitting at wavelength of 2.7 μm. The first-order grating structure of chromium(Cr) is designed to obtain the maximum coupling coefficient, and is defined alongside the ridge waveguide by electron beam lithography. The DFB laser emits an output power of 4.3 mW in a single-mode operation at a heat-sink temperature of 20 °C. Continuous wavelength tuning has been obtained by varying the injection current at a tuning rate of 0.012 nm mA−1. The mixmum side mode suppression ratio is as high as 54.9 dB, which is the highest value ever reported at the wavelength region of 2.7 μm. In addition, the loss margin introduced by Cr gratings is estimated to be 5.02

±
0.33

cm

−
1

.
Investigating the structural, optical, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the facile sol-gel technique for dye degradation
Authors: Soleimani Farshad , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconducting metal oxides has received a lot of interest recently. In this work, TiO2, SnO2, and TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites with different SnO2 contents were synthesized via the facile and cost-effective sol-gel method and fully characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis indicated that the crystallite size reduced remarkably and the transformation of anatase to rutile phase accelerated significantly with increasing the SnO2 content. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the XRD results. Electron microscope images revealed that the TiO2/SnO2 composites have composed of semi-spherical fused particles, where increasing the SnO2 content causes the reduction of the particles’ size. The addition of SnO2 caused the photoluminescence (PL) intensity reduction due to the easy migration of photoelectrons from the TiO2 to the SnO2 conduction band, leading to a decrease in the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Catalytic activity was tested by methylene blue under 360 nm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Intrinsic TiO2 showed better photocatalytic activity than pure SnO2, but the color degradation was still less than 50% after 90 min. UV irradiation. Increasing the SnO2 content in the TiO2 produced nanocomposites with higher color degradation rates of about 73% after 90 min. UV irradiation, suggesting the binary metal oxide TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst as a promising candidate for effluent dye removal.
Study of magnetized multi-component plasma sheath containing charged dust particles in presence of oblique magnetic field: a fluid approach
Authors: Shaw A K , Sanyasi A K , Kar S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of low-temperature magnetized multi-component dusty plasma sheath structures have been investigated with finite ion temperature in presence of an oblique magnetic field using the one-dimensional multi-fluid model. The parametric changes inside the sheath are estimated in presence of charged dust species having nano-meter (nm) sizes. In presence of charged dust inside the sheath, the ions are found to get accumulated near the sheath edge, hence the ion density is decreased towards the wall. Further, with the increase in magnetic field strength, the peaking of ion densities near the sheath edge has been found to be intensified. The magnetic field orientation has also played a crucial role in the bunching of the ions near the sheath edge. An increase in the magnetic field obliqueness has also contributed to intensifying the ion bunching. It has also been observed that the sheath potential is substantially changed. In addition, we also investigated and presented the influence of dust species presence on the electron density inside the sheath. A qualitative explanation of the phenomenon that occurs due to the presence of dust species is presented.
Rapid simulations of halo and subhalo clustering
Authors: Berner Pascale , Refregier Alexandre , Sgier Raphael , Kacprzak Tomasz , Tortorelli Luca , Monaco Pierluigi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The analysis of cosmological galaxy surveys requires realistic simulations for their
interpretation. Forward modelling is a powerful method to simulate galaxy clustering without the
need for an underlying complex model. This approach requires fast cosmological simulations with a
high resolution and large volume, to resolve small dark matter halos associated to single
galaxies. In this work, we present fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations based on the
Lagrangian perturbation theory code PINOCCHIO, which generates halos and merger
trees. The subhalo progenitors are extracted from the merger history and the survival of subhalos
is modelled. We introduce a new fitting function for the subhalo merger time, which includes a
redshift dependence of the fitting parameters. The spatial distribution of subhalos within their
hosts is modelled using a number density profile. We compare our simulations with the halo finder
ROCKSTAR applied to the full N-body code GADGET-2. The subhalo velocity function
and the correlation function of halos and subhalos are in good agreement. We investigate the
effect of the chosen number density profile on the resulting subhalo clustering. Our simulation is
approximate yet realistic and significantly faster compared to a full N-body simulation combined
with a halo finder. The fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations offer good prospects for
galaxy forward models using subhalo abundance matching.
Thermal Hall conductivity with sign change in the Heisenberg–Kitaev kagome magnet
Authors: Li Kangkang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Heisenberg–Kitaev (HK) model on various lattices has attracted a lot of attention because it may lead to exotic states such as quantum spin liquid and topological orders. The rare-earth-based kagome lattice (KL) compounds

Mg

2

RE

3

Sb

3

O

14

(
RE
=
Gd
,

Er
)

and

(
RE
=
Nd
)

have
q
= 0, 120° order and canted ferromagnetic (CFM) order, respectively. Interestingly, the HK model on the KL has the same ground state long-range orders. In the theoretical phase diagram, the CFM phase resides in a continuous parameter region and there is no phase change across special parameter points, such as the Kitaev ferromagnetic (KFM) point, the ferromagnetic (FM) point and its dual FM point. However, a ground state property cannot distinguish a system with or without topological nontrivial excitations and related phase transitions. Here, we study the topological magnon excitations and related thermal Hall conductivity in the HK model on the KL with CFM order. The CFM phase can be divided into two regions related by the Klein duality, with the self dual KFM point as their boundary. We find that the scalar spin chirality, which is intrinsic in the CFM order, changes sign across the KFM point. This leads to the opposite Chern numbers of corresponding magnon bands in the two regions, and also the sign change of the magnon thermal Hall conductivity.
Dimensional crossover of a Rabi-coupled two-component Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice
Authors: Li Kangkang , Liang Zhaoxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dimensionality is a central concept in developing the theory of low-dimensional physics. However, previous research on dimensional crossover in the context of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has focused on the single-component BEC. To our best knowledge, further consideration of the two-component internal degrees of freedom on the effects of dimensional crossover is still lacking. In this work, we are motivated to investigate the dimensional crossover in a three-dimensional (3D) Rabi-coupled two-component BEC. The spin degrees of freedom consist of the Rabi-like and inter- and intra- interaction coupling constants. The dimensional crossovers from 3D to 2D or 1D are controlled by the continuous increase of 1D or 2D lattice depth respectively. Then we analyze how the dimensionality of the model system combined with spin degrees of freedom can affect quantum fluctuations. Accordingly, the analytical expressions of the ground-state energy and quantum depletion of the system are obtained. Our results show that the dimensional crossover induces a characteristic 3D to quasi-2D or 1D crossover in the behavior of quantum fluctuations, with an emphasis on the separated effects of Rabi-like and inter- and intra- interaction coupling constants on the quantum fluctuations. Conditions for possible experimental realization of our scenario are also discussed.
Time-resolved mode analysis in Er-doped self-sweeping ring fiber laser
Authors: Poddubrovskii N R , Lobach I A , Podivilov E V , Kablukov S I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present here a detailed study of the mode composition of an Er-doped ring self-sweeping fiber laser. Time-resolved heterodyne measurements prove that the radiation consists of slightly overlapping rectangular mode packets, each of which corresponds to generation of individual longitudinal modes. Optical frequency of each following packet sequentially increases by two free spectral ranges of the laser cavity. The presence of parametric processes during sequential growth of the neighboring mode packets is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a self-sweeping laser. Instantaneous linewidth of the laser radiation does not exceed 4 kHz during every step of single longitudinal mode generation, which is also accompanied by a small change of the optical frequency (chirp) of ∼40 kHz associated with an integral change of the laser cavity refractive index. The results are useful for calculations and modeling of laser systems based on dynamic gratings.
Contributions of Rotation, Expansion and Line Broadening to the Morphology and Kinematics of the Inner CSE of Oxygen-rich AGB Star R Hya
Authors: Nhung Pham Tuyet , Hoai Do Thi , Darriulat Pierre , Diep Pham Ngoc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Thai Tran Thi , Tuan-Anh Pham 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We use archival ALMA observations of the CO(2–1) and SiO(5–4) molecular line emissions of AGB star R Hya to illustrate the relative contributions of rotation, expansion and line broadening to the morphology and kinematics of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) within some ∼70 au (∼0.″5) from the centre of the star. We give evidence for rotation and important line broadening to dominate the inner region, within ∼14 au (∼100 mas) from the centre of the star. The former is about an axis that projects a few degrees west of north and has a projected rotation velocity of a few km s−1. The latter occurs within some 7–14 au (50–100 mas) from the centre of the star, with the line width reaching two to three times its value outside this region. We suggest that it is caused by shocks induced by stellar pulsations and convective cell granulation. We show the importance of properly accounting for the observed line broadening when discussing rotation and evaluating the radial dependence of the rotation velocity.
Parameter measurement and optimization for a 3/6 dual-energy electron linear accelerator with industrial and inspection applications
Authors: Moogooei Hamid , Ayoobian Navid , Shirani Babak 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electron linear accelerator (LINAC) is a high-energy X-ray
generator with extensive industrial, inspection, and medical
applications. The studied LINAC uses a 2.6 MW magnetron as its RF
generator derived with a Marx modulator. An electron gun of filament
voltage 6 V and current 2.2 A connected to the accelerator tube is
applied to establish electron current inside the drift tube. For
this purpose, 9 kV and 25 kV voltages are applied to the cathode
and anode of the electron gun pulse by pulse, generating dual-energy
x-ray beams as outputs. An Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) system
is designed for studied LINAC so that variation of output dose rate
is lower than 2% and the required time to achieve the maximum
output dose rate is lower than 1 s. Optimizing the Marx modulator's
switching algorithm, the ripple in the output beam has been lower
than 5%. The half-value layer (HVL) of steel has been measured for
high and low energies equal to 6 MeV and 3 MeV, respectively. The
output pulse of the electron beam and dose rate have been measured
using a linear detector array (LDA) and dosimeter, respectively,
with a pulse frequency of 35–400 Hz and pulse width of
2–4 μs.
Electrical breakdown in Thick-GEM based WELL detectors
Authors: Jash A. , Moleri L. , Bressler S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of electrical discharges in gas detectors restricts their dynamic range and degrades their performance. Among the different methods developed to mitigate discharge effects, the use of resistive materials in the detector assembly was found to be very effective. In this work, we present the results of a comparative study of electrical discharges in Thick-GEM-based WELL-type detectors — with and without resistive elements. We present a new method to measure discharges in the resistive-detector configurations; it allows demonstrating, for the first time, the occurrence of discharges also in the Resistive-Plate WELL detector configuration. It also provides direct evidence for the Raether limit.
AquaClimber: a limbed swimming and climbing robot based on reduced order models
Authors: Austin Max , Chase Ashley , Van Stratum Brian , Clark Jonathan E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many legged robots have taken insight from animals to run, jump, and climb. Very few, however, have extended the flexibility of limbs to the task of swimming. In this paper, we address the study of multi-modal limbed locomotion by extending our lateral plane reduced order dynamic model of climbing to swimming. Following this, we develop a robot, AquaClimber, which utilizes the model’s locomotive style, similar to human freestyle swimming, to propel itself through fluid and to climb vertical walls, as well as transition between the two. A comparison of simulation and model results indicate that the simulation can predict how hand design, arm compliance, and driving frequency affect swimming speed and behavior. Using this reduced order model, we have successfully developed the first limbed aquatic-scansorial multi-modal robot.
Financial risks to coal value chain from a cost-conscious shift to renewables in India
Authors: Köberle Alexandre C , Shrimali Gireesh , Mittal Shivika , Jindal Abhinav , Donovan Charles 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A realignment of the financial sector is necessary to both enable the energy system transformation and manage financial risks implied by a transition to net-zero emissions. These include transition risks stemming from policies that limit or price greenhouse gas emissions. The financial sector has turned to scenarios developed by the research community for information on how transitions may unfold. Emerging methodologies linking transition scenarios to risk assessment are in their early stages but are key to enable financial institutions (FIs) to carry out the task at hand. Commercial FIs are exposed to transition risks primarily through their portfolio holdings and how assets therein may fare in a transition. Understanding this counterparty risk is key for development and interpretation of climate-financial scenarios. FIs will need to consider how the firms in a portfolio—the counterparties—will react to the transition and their capacity to navigate the changes involved. Here we apply a transparent and flexible framework to explore transition risks to corporate firms from low-carbon transition scenarios. We show that considering firms’ strategic responses to the changes in their operating environment is an important determinant of the resulting transition risk estimates. We provide an illustrative case study of the coal value chain in India to demonstrate how the framework can be applied to both risk assessment and business strategy setting.