bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Por uma Arqueologia anti-colonialista: a ocupação Kayapó Meridional no Triângulo Mineiro e a colonização de guerra.
Authors: Denardo Thandryus Augusto Guerra Bacciotti 
Published: January 2022

O Projeto Quebra-Anzol realizou, nas últimas quatro décadas, pesquisas intensivas e sistemáticas de campo na região do Triângulo Mineiro, a fim de buscar estabelecer a história de longa duração da ocupação territorial Kayapó Meridional. Particularmente, o sítio Santa Luzia, localizado em Pedrinópolis/MG, representa o sítio lito-cerâmico mais antigo, com datações de cerca de 1830 ± 183 anos AP. A cultura material local revela o grande domínio da paisagem, bem como um grande adensamento populacional decorrente da agricultura. Assim, é possível contrapor o discurso colonialista, que ora justificou as então chamadas “guerras justas”, ora justificou outras formas de dominação, como os aldeamentos. A análise de documentos históricos, como legislação, cartas, ou mesmo levantamentos corográficos, juntamente com os dados arqueológicos, permite compreender a história de longa duração a partir de diversos momentos. Utilizando a agência dos objetos se realiza então um projeto de descentramento, do colonizador para o colonizado, dos portugueses para os indígenas. A Arqueologia se constitui como uma ciência de destruição, de morte, mas também de resistência de vida dos povos indígenas, que lutam ainda hoje diante de uma colonização que persiste, por exemplo, nas invasões de terras indígenas por latifundiários. Colonização esta que, sob o olhar não-colonial, não é nem de exploração e nem de povoamento, como aparece nos livros didáticos, mas sim de invasão, de guerra.
MiR-150 Attenuates Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling Mediated by Long Noncoding RNA MIAT and Directly Represses Profibrotic
Hoxa4
Authors: Aonuma Tatsuya , Moukette Bruno , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Barupala Nipuni P. , Sepúlveda Marisa N. , Frick Kyle , Tang Yaoliang , Guglin Maya , Raman Subha V. , Cai Chenleng , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Nakagawa Shinichi , Kim Il-man 
Published: January 2022

Background:
MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) plays a protective role in heart failure (HF). Long noncoding RNA, myocardial infarction–associated transcript (MIAT) regulates miR-150 function in vitro by direct interaction. Concurrent with miR-150 downregulation, MIAT is upregulated in failing hearts, and gain-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MIAT are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in humans. Despite the correlative relationship between MIAT and miR-150 in HF, their in vivo functional relationship has never been established, and molecular mechanisms by which these 2 noncoding RNAs regulate cardiac protection remain elusive.

Methods:

We use MIAT KO (knockout),
Hoxa4
(homeobox a4) KO, MIAT TG (transgenic), and miR-150 TG mice. We also develop DTG (double TG) mice overexpressing MIAT and miR-150. We then use a mouse model of MI followed by cardiac functional, structural, and mechanistic studies by echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome profiling, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, we perform expression analyses in hearts from patients with HF. Lastly, we investigate cardiac fibroblast activation using primary adult human cardiac fibroblasts and in vitro assays to define the conserved MIAT/miR-150/HOXA4 axis.

Results:

Using novel mouse models, we demonstrate that genetic overexpression of MIAT worsens cardiac remodeling, while genetic deletion of MIAT protects hearts against MI. Importantly, miR-150 overexpression attenuates the detrimental post-MI effects caused by MIAT. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of MIAT null mouse hearts identifies
Hoxa4
as a novel downstream target of the MIAT/miR-150 axis.
Hoxa4
is upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from ischemic myocardium and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation.
HOXA4
is also upregulated in patients with HF. Moreover,
Hoxa4
deficiency in mice protects the heart from MI. Lastly, protective actions of cardiac fibroblast miR-150 are partially attributed to the direct and functional repression of profibrotic
Hoxa4
.

Conclusions:

Our findings delineate a pivotal functional interaction among MIAT, miR-150, and
Hoxa4
as a novel regulatory mechanism pertinent to ischemic HF.
Comparison of Intracoronary Epinephrine and Adenosine for No-Reflow in Normotensive Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome (COAR Trial)
Authors: Khan Kamran Ahmed , Qamar Nadeem , Saghir Tahir , Sial Jawaid Akbar , Kumar Dileep , Kumar Rajesh , Qayyum Danish , Yasin Umamah , Jalbani Javed , Karim Musa 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Intracoronary epinephrine has been effectively used in treating refractory no-reflow, but there is a dearth of data on its use as a first-line drug in normotensive patients in comparison to the widely used adenosine.

Methods:
In this open-labeled randomized clinical trial, 201 patients with no-reflow were randomized 1:1 into intracoronary epinephrine as the treatment group and intracoronary adenosine as the control group and followed for 1 month. The primary end points were improvement in coronary flow, as assessed by TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) flow, frame counts, and myocardial blush. Secondary end points were in-hospital and short-term mortality and major adverse cardiac events.

Results:

In all, 101 patients received intracoronary epinephrine and 100 patients received adenosine. Epinephrine was generally well tolerated with no immediate table death or ventricular fibrillation. No-reflow was more effectively improved with epinephrine with final TIMI III flow (90.1% versus 78%,
P
=0.019) and final corrected TIMI frame count (24±8.43 versus 26.63±9.22,
P
=0.036). However, no significant difference was observed in final grade III myocardial blush (55.4% versus 45%,
P
=0.139), mean reduction of corrected TIMI frame count (−25.71±11.79 versus −26.08±11.71,
P
=0.825), in-hospital and short-term mortality, and major adverse cardiac events.

Conclusions:
Epinephrine is relatively safe to use in no-reflow in normotensive patients. A significantly higher frequency of post-treatment TIMI III flow grade and lower final corrected TIMI frame count with relatively better achievement of myocardial blush grade III translate into it displaying relatively better efficacy than adenosine.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04699110.
Bin Yang on the Global History of Cowries
Authors: Flynn Dennis O. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bin Yang correctly states that cowrie shells (250 species) and cowrie monies (two species mostly) deserve far more attention in global histories than they have received. He provides the most comprehensive view of the global history of cowries and cowrie monies to date. Multiple shell monies proliferated worldwide, but they did not concentrate within China (except Yunnan) nor within Europe. Why did specific cowries accumulate only in certain specific geographical locations? Yang establishes a general answer: cultural preferences for holding specific objects, including specific monies, determined where the shells were concentrated. He offers global evidence that, I argue, contradicts mainstream economic theory, which is based upon conceptual aggregation of diverse monies into amorphous stocks of (national or regional) money (singular). Yang demonstrates repeatedly that distinct market locations and distinct market prices existed for specific cowrie and other shell monies (plural) throughout global history. His evidence starkly demonstrates inadequacies of mainstream monetary theory (although he does not say as much). The relentless evidence of the existence of monetary disaggregation, evidence highlighted throughout Yang’s volume, demonstrates an urgent need for alternative monetary theories that portray prices and stocks of individual monies in conformity with empirical evidence provided by archival historians.
Cephalic arch stenosis in the arteriovenous fistula: A retrospective analysis of predisposing factors
Authors: Burnett Cameron Thomas , Nicholls Gemma , Swinbank Amy , Hughes Ian , Titus Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cephalic Arch Stenosis (CAS) is a frequently observed complication in brachiocephalic and radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) associated with high morbidity and healthcare expenditure. The predisposing factors and preventative strategies for CAS remain unclear. Our aim was to examine predisposing factors for CAS development in the AVF. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed at Gold University Coast Hospital on patients with AVFs created from 2009 to 2018 with ⩾18 months follow-up. CAS was defined as a >50% narrowing on angiographic assessment with clinically significant symptoms (dialysis dysfunction, arm swelling, prolonged bleeding after access). Results: About 187 patients with AVF were included in the analysis (36 brachiocephalic, 151 radiocephalic). CAS developed in 22 of 36 (61%) of brachiocephalic AVF and 9 of 151 (6%) of radiocephalic AVFs. Brachiocephalic AVF were ⩾12 times more likely to develop CAS than radiocephalic AVF (Hazard Ratio (HR) 12.7, 95% CI [5.6–28.3], p < 0.001). Each 1 mL/min increase in flow rate through the AVF, correlated with a 0.07% increase in the probability of development of CAS (HR 1.0007, 95% CI [1.0001–1.0012], p = 0.011). Brachiocephalic AVFs with CAS were associated with a higher number of interventional procedures per access-year compared with their non-CAS counterparts (Median [Interquartile range]: 1.76 [0.74, 3.97] vs 0.41 [0.27, 0.67], p = 0.003). Conclusion: Brachiocephalic AVF with higher access flow rates are more likely to develop CAS and earlier than radiocephalic AVF, and in a dose dependent fashion. AVF flow rate is a major factor in CAS development within brachiocephalic AVF and has potential utility in surveillance thresholds for prophylactic blood flow reduction procedures. AVFs with CAS are associated with a greater number of interventional procedures per access-year, heralding higher patient morbidity and healthcare expenditure. Further prospective studies will help define an AVF access flow rate threshold in the implementation of prophylactic strategies for CAS.
Perceived Stress Levels and Associated Factors Among SARS-CoV-2-Affected Young Adults Under Home Isolation—A Cross-Sectional Study From Kerala, India
Authors: Nair Anjana Nalina Kumari Kesavan , Nair Jisharaj Vijayakumari Rajasekharan , Swarnabai Siji Vincent , Sudha Reshma Rajan , Mendez Alice Metilda , Amma Leela Itty 
Published: January 2022

Introduction The impact of SARS-CoV-2 is not only on physical health but also on mental health. This pandemic raised concerns of fear, anxiety, and stress among patients affected with the disease. Quarantine and home isolation might have created psychological distress and helplessness in patients due to social and economic reasons. This study aimed in assessing the level of perceived stress and factors associated with it among SARS-CoV-2-affected young adults who were under home isolation. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 SARS-CoV-2-affected young adults who were under home isolation during June 2021 to August 2021. A semi-structured proforma was created using KoBo Toolbox for humanitarian response for data collection. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used for measurement of stress among COVID-19 patients. The questionnaire was shared in online platform. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Significance of association was tested using chi square test and independent sample t test. Logistic regression was done to predict the factors associated with perceived stress. Results Out of the 147 study participants, 56.5% were females and 43.5% were males. Symptoms were present in 94 (63.9%) of patients. The mean age of the study participants was 26 (10.5) years. The mean PSS score was 17.5 (6.4). Among the cases under home isolation, 24.5% had low stress levels, 68% had moderate stress levels, and 7.5% had severe stress levels. Feeling of loneliness during home isolation (odds ratio [OR]: 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.9-11.63], P = .008), presence of elderly or under-5 children in the same house (OR: 15.45, 95% CI [2.03-117.5], P = .001), and presence of cough ( P = .05) were found to be significantly associated with higher PSS scores. Age and sleep were negatively correlated with stress score. Conclusion One-third of the study participants had moderate to severe levels of perceived stress. Age, sleep hours, presence of cough, presence of under-5 children or elderly in the same house, and feeling of loneliness during home isolation were found to be significantly associated with high perceived stress level scores.
Esterification of naphthenic acids with various structures over tungstophosphoric acid-intercalated layer double hydroxide catalysts with various interlayer spacings
Authors: Wu Yan , He Shiang , Li Dongmei , Li Yang , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTungstophosphoric acid-intercalated MgAl layer double hydroxides (LDHs) are active catalysts for removing naphthenic acids (NAs) from petroleum via esterification. Due to their active sites being in the interlayer, the interlayer spacing of LDHs might affect their activity, particularly for NAs with various structures. Herein, two tungstophosphoric acid-intercalated MgAl LDHs with various interlayer spacings (d003 = 1.46 and 1.07 nm) synthesized by varying the ion-exchange time were used as catalysts for esterification between NAs and ethylene glycol. Six NAs with various side chains and rings were used as model compounds to investigate the effects of NA structures and d003 values on the activity of LDHs. In general, NAs with large molecule sizes and steric hindrances are less reactive over the same catalyst. The LDH with a larger d003 value favours the esterification of NAs regardless of their structure, particularly NAs with large molecule sizes and steric hindrances. However, a large d003 is less effective for esterification of NAs with conjugated carboxyl groups. An enlarged interlayer space might facilitate NA molecules to access the interlayer of LDHs so as to come into contact with the catalytic sites, making this process responsible for the enhanced reactivity. The esterification kinetics of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid over these LDHs follow a first-order reaction. The activation energies for the LDHs with large and small d003 values are 26.25 and 32.18 kJ mol–1, respectively.
Genome-wide association study on 13 167 individuals identifies regulators of blood CD34+cell levels
Authors: Lopez de Lapuente Portilla Aitzkoa , Ekdahl Ludvig , Cafaro Caterina , Ali Zain , Miharada Natsumi , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Žemaitis Kristijonas , Lamarca Arrizabalaga Antton , Thodberg Malte , Pertesi Maroulio , Dhapola Parashar , Bao Erik , Niroula Abhishek , Bali Divya , Norddahl Gudmundur , Ugidos Damboriena Nerea , Sankaran Vijay G. , Karlsson Göran , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Larsson Jonas , Stefansson Kari , Nilsson Björn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a cornerstone in the treatment of blood malignancies. The most common method to harvest stem cells for transplantation is by leukapheresis, requiring mobilization of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow into the blood. Identifying the genetic factors that control blood CD34+ cell levels could reveal new drug targets for HSPC mobilization. Here we report the first large-scale, genome-wide association study on blood CD34+ cell levels. Across 13 167 individuals, we identify 9 significant and 2 suggestive associations, accounted for by 8 loci (PPM1H, CXCR4, ENO1-RERE, ITGA9, ARHGAP45, CEBPA, TERT, and MYC). Notably, 4 of the identified associations map to CXCR4, showing that bona fide regulators of blood CD34+ cell levels can be identified through genetic variation. Further, the most significant association maps to PPM1H, encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase never previously implicated in HSPC biology. PPM1H is expressed in HSPCs, and the allele that confers higher blood CD34+ cell levels downregulates PPM1H. Through functional fine-mapping, we find that this downregulation is caused by the variant rs772557-A, which abrogates an MYB transcription factor–binding site in PPM1H intron 1 that is active in specific HSPC subpopulations, including hematopoietic stem cells, and interacts with the promoter by chromatin looping. Furthermore, PPM1H knockdown increases the proportion of CD34+ and CD34+90+ cells in cord blood assays. Our results provide the first large-scale analysis of the genetic architecture of blood CD34+ cell levels and warrant further investigation of PPM1H as a potential inhibition target for stem cell mobilization.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yamato Genki , Kawai Tomoko , Shiba Norio , Ikeda Junji , Hara Yusuke , Ohki Kentaro , Tsujimoto Shin-Ichi , Kaburagi Taeko , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Miyano Satoru , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Tomizawa Daisuke , Shimada Akira , Sotomatsu Manabu , Arakawa Hirokazu , Adachi Souichi , Taga Takashi , Horibe Keizo , Ogawa Seishi , Hata Kenichiro , Hayashi Yasuhide 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 64 pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Based on unsupervised clustering with the 567 most variably methylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites, patients were categorized into 4 clusters associated with genetic alterations. Clusters 1 and 3 were characterized by the presence of known favorable prognostic factors, such as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion and KMT2A rearrangement with low MECOM expression, and biallelic CEBPA mutations (all 8 patients), respectively. Clusters 2 and 4 comprised patients exhibiting molecular features associated with adverse outcomes, namely internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD), partial tandem duplication of KMT2A, and high PRDM16 expression. Depending on the methylation values of the 1243 CpG sites that were significantly different between FLT3-ITD+ and FLT3-ITD− AML, patients were categorized into 3 clusters: A, B, and C. The STAT5-binding motif was most frequently found close to the 1243 CpG sites. All 8 patients with FLT3-ITD in cluster A harbored high PRDM16 expression and experienced adverse events, whereas only 1 of 7 patients with FLT3-ITD in the other clusters experienced adverse events. PRDM16 expression levels were also related to DNA methylation patterns, which were drastically changed at the cutoff value of PRDM16/ABL1 = 0.10. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing of AMLs supported enhanced chromatin accessibility around genomic regions, such as HOXB cluster genes, SCHIP1, and PRDM16, which were associated with DNA methylation changes in AMLs with FLT3-ITD and high PRDM16 expression. Our results suggest that DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites are useful to support genetic alterations and gene expression patterns of patients with pediatric AML.
GRAde: a long-read sequencing approach to efficiently identifying the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 chimeric form in patients with glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism
Authors: Wu Yu-Ching , Chen Chia-I , Chen Peng-Ying , Kuo Chun-Hung , Hung Yi-Hsuan , Peng Kang-Yung , Wu Vin-Cent , Tsai-Wu Jyy-Jih , Hsu Chia-Lang ,   TAIPAI group
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA) is a form of heritable hypertension caused by a chimeric fusion resulting from unequal crossing over between 11β‐hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), which are two genes with similar sequences. Different crossover patterns of the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 chimeric genes may be associated with a variety of clinical presentations. It is therefore necessary to develop an efficient approach for identifying the differences between the hybrid genes of a patient with GRA.

Results
We developed a long-read analysis pipeline named GRAde (GRA deciphering), which utilizes the nonidentical bases in the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genomic sequences to identify and visualize the chimeric form. We sequenced the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 chimeric gene from 36 patients with GRA using the Nanopore MinION device and analyzed the sequences using GRAde. Crossover events were identified for 30 out of the 36 samples. The crossover sites appeared in the region exhibiting high sequence similarity between CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, and 53.3% of the cases were identified as having a gene conversion in intron 2. More importantly, there were six cases for whom the PCR products indicated a chimeric gene, but the GRAde results revealed no crossover pattern. The crossover regions were further verified by Sanger sequencing analysis.

Conclusions
PCR-based target enrichment followed by long-read sequencing is an efficient and precise approach to dissecting complex genomic regions, such as those involved in GRA mutations, which could be directly applied to clinical diagnosis. The scripts of GRAde are available at https://github.com/hsu-binfo/GRAde.
A case for improved assessment of gut permeability: a meta-analysis quantifying the lactulose:mannitol ratio in coeliac and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Gan Jonathan , Nazarian Scarlet , Teare Julian , Darzi Ara , Ashrafian Hutan , Thompson Alex J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA widely used method in assessing small bowel permeability is the lactulose:mannitol test, where the lactulose:mannitol ratio (LMR) is measured. However, there is discrepancy in how the test is conducted and in the values of LMR obtained across studies. This meta-analysis aims to determine LMR in healthy subjects, coeliac and Crohn’s disease.MethodsA literature search was performed using PRISMA guidance to identify studies assessing LMR in coeliac or Crohn’s disease. 19 studies included in the meta-analysis measured gut permeability in coeliac disease, 17 studies in Crohn’s disease. Outcomes of interest were LMR values and comparisons of standard mean difference (SMD) and weighted mean difference (WMD) in healthy controls, inactive Crohn’s, active Crohn’s, treated coeliac and untreated coeliac. Pooled estimates of differences in LMR were calculated using the random effects model.ResultsPooled LMR in healthy controls was 0.014 (95% CI: 0.006–0.022) while pooled LMRs in untreated and treated coeliac were 0.133 (95% CI: 0.089–0.178) and 0.037 (95% CI: 0.019–0.055). In active and inactive Crohn’s disease, pooled LMRs were 0.093 (95% CI: 0.031–0.156) and 0.028 (95% CI: 0.015–0.041). Significant differences were observed in LMR between: (1) healthy controls and treated coeliacs (SMD = 0.409 95% CI 0.034 to 0.783,p = 0.032), (2) healthy controls and untreated coeliacs (SMD = 1.362 95% CI: 0.740 to 1.984,p < 0.001), (3) treated coeliacs and untreated coeliacs (SMD = 0.722 95% CI: 0.286 to 1.157,p = 0.001), (4) healthy controls and inactive Crohn’s (SMD = 1.265 95% CI: 0.845 to 1.686,p < 0.001), (5) healthy controls and active Crohn’s (SMD = 2.868 95% CI: 2.112 to 3.623,p < 0.001), and (6) active Crohn’s and inactive Crohn’s (SMD = 1.429 (95% CI: 0.580 to 2.278,p = 0.001). High heterogeneity was observed, which was attributed to variability in protocols used across different studies.ConclusionThe use of gut permeability measurements in screening and monitoring of coeliac and Crohn’s disease is promising. LMR is useful in performing this function with significant limitations. More robust alternative tests with higher degrees of clinical evidence are needed if measurements of gut permeability are to find widespread clinical use.