bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Worms and Aphids of Cabbage, 1981
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of ‘Eastern Ballhead’ cabbage transplanted on Jun 15, on the Robert WIggin Farm, Stratham, NH was utilized. Spray treatments were applied on Jul 30, Aug 6, 13, 20, 27, Sep 3, 11 and 21, to plots consisting of 20 ft rows replicates 4times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made to both sides of the row using a B & G CO2- pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. Combination treatments applied at the same time were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on 5 plants per replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 9. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1 = slight or trace holes; 2 = less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3 = severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4 = severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5 = severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on Sep 9, by determining the percentage of plants per plot with at least 1 established aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on Oct 19.
Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1981
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on May 7, in Sunderland, MA. Twenty plants were transplanted to each plot. Ammonium nitrate at 135 lb/acre was applied on May 3. Treflan (6E) at 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied on May 1 and disced in for weed control. The soil type ws a fine sandy loam and had a pH of 7.0. There were two 25 ft rows per treatment, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 36 inch row spacing. All insecticidal treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer in 150 gal water/acre. Single applications of Dyfonate (4EC) at 1 lb ai/acre, Amaze (6E) at 0.5 lb ai/acre and 1 lb ai/acre were applied on May 14. The remaining treatments were applied on May 14, May 31, and Jun 12. Evaluations were made on Jun 29. Plant mortality due to cabbage maggot was calculated for each treatment. In addition, 5 roots/treatment/replicate were removed. This included a core of soil 3 inches wide X 5 inches deep. Roots and soil were rinsed through a screen to extract pupae and larvae. The total number of pupae plus larvae and cabbage maggot feeding tunnels were recorded. Due to high plant mortality in the control plots, insufficient data were available for analysis of pupal/larval and tunnel counts.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1980
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Sun-up’ cabbage was transplanted to a field in Sunderland, MA on May 9. Trifluran was applied and disced into the soil on May 7 for weed control. Fertilizer (5-10-10) was applied to the field on May 8. The soil type was a fine sandy loam and had a pH of ca 6.5. Each treatment consisted of two 6.1 m rows. This was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a gallon stainless steel backpack sprayer at 150 gal of water/acre. A single application of Amaze was made on May 12. All other treatments were applied May 12, 20, 30 and Jun 6. Evaluations were made on Jun 10. For each plot the number of surviving plants was recorded and 20 plants/treatment/rep were harvested. The roots of these plants were inspected for damage. A scale of 1-4 was employed: no damage, slight feeding, extensive feeding and root destroyed, respectively. A root damage index was calculated by multiplying the number of plants at each damage level by the damage level number. Hence, 12 plants at stage 3 would be equivalent to a root damage index of 36. A mean index of root damage/10 plants/treatment/rep was then calculated and submitted to an analysis of variance.
Variegated Cutworm Egg Mortality, 1981
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. A. , Otto M. A. , Love A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Variegated cutworm eggs from a lab reared culture were transferred to cellophane tape, dusted with talcum powder to cover excess stickiness, taken to the field and attached to celery leaves on Sep 2. Three plants from each plot were marked and a group of 17-25 eggs was attached to one leaf of each plant. The tapes containing the eggs were stapled to the underside of the leaves in locations similar to those where natural oviposition might occur. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Each plot was 3 rows by 25 ft long. Egg masses were placed in the center of the middle rows, to insure the best coverage of insecticide. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer with drop nozzles at 30 gpa, on Sep 2. Egg masses remained under field conditions till Sep 11, when they were removed from the plants and brought into the lab. Egg masses were checked for % hatch, dead larvae (outside the eggs) and % egg loss (eaten by predators?), compared with initial numbers of eggs.
Celery Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Grafius E. , Otto M. A. , Love A. P. , May T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted May 18 (Standak plot transplanted on May 25). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Each plot was 3 rows by 25 ft long. Treatments (except for Standak) were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer at 20 gpa (early in the season) or 40 pga with drop nozzles (beginning Jul 11). Standak was applied just prior to transplanting in an 8 inch band and rototilled in to a depth of 4-6 inches. Sweep samples were taken weekly from each plot and numbers of pest and beneficial insects were recorded. Plots were surveyed periodically for possible phytotoxicity and aster yellow disease.
European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Fletcher-Howe G. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The corn was planted on Jun 23 in Sunderland, MA using a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Rows were 3 ft apart, 25 ft long, and plants were spaced 10 inches apart in the row with 4 rows per plot. Standard fertilization procedures were employed including a Jul 24 sidedressing with ammonium sulphate at 160 lb/acre. Atrazine was applied at 1.0 lb/acre on Jun 29. Insecticides were applied using a tractor-drawn sprayer with drop nozzles, at 60 psi pressure and 160 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied on Aug 11, 14, 18, 25 and 28, except for Lannate (DPX-3247) which was applied on Aug 11, 14 and 21. On Sep 3, 25 ears and 25 stalks were harvested from each plot and rated either damaged or undamaged. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Use of Entomogenous Fungi on Eggplant for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Special Hibush’ eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 20. Micrgplots consisted of screen cages 20 inches x 15 inches x 14 inches arranged with 2 plants/cage. Beauvariabassiana (WP, 80 x 108 spores/gm) and Metarhiziumanisopiiae (formulated on rice, spore concentration unknown) were formulated and supplied by BioControl International. Methods of application with B. bassiana were soil surface spray (1.5 g/100 ml), soil mix (1.5 g/100 ml/kg soil), foliar spray (25 g/500 ml with spreader sticker) and dilute foliar spray (same as foliar spray diluted 1:10); methods of application with M. anisopliae were soil mix broadcast (40 gm/kg soil) and soil broadcast (40 gm/2,000 sq. cm). All sprays were applied with a CO2-operated bicycle sprayer with 3 nozles/row calibrated to deliver 45 gal/acre at 40 psi. Twenty adult Colorado potato beetles were buried 2 inches below the soil surface in the center of the microplot and covered with soil just prior to treatment application (May 27); cages were than placed over each microplot. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 replications.
Insect Control on Eggplant in Florida, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Sep 8, 18 inches apart on 2.5 ft wide by 8 inch high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at ca 120 gpa using a 2.5 gal hand hald stainless steel sprayer with a single adjustable cone nozzle at 40 psi. Sprays were applied Sep 16, 22, 29; Oct 6, 13, 20, 27; Nov 3, 10, 19, 24; and Dec 1. On Nov 5 the number of green peach aphids and leafmines on the lowest leaf of 5 plants were counted. Plant height was also recorded as a reflection of phytotoxicity. Plots were harvested Nov 7, 14, 21 and Dec 1, and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and number of fruit damaged by lepidopterous larvae determined.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Mungbean Insect Pests, 1981
Authors: Venugopal M. S. , Litsinger J. A. , Apostol R. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides as seed treatments at 10 g ai/100 kg seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering mungbean insect pests. Mungbean seeds (100 kg/ha) were shaken in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25$ gum arabic before sowing to 5 m plots on Feb 26 in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plant stand was thinned to 300,000 plants/ha after emergence. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperthermic, Typic Hapludolls) -- pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand -- averaged 39° and 28°C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing.
Thrips Damage and Control in Onions, 1981
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. A. , Russell J. , Love A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications (blocks). The plots were 6 rows wide and 25 ft long. An untreated row was left as a buffer between treatments. Insecticides were applied on Jul 16, 22, 29; aug 5, 12 and 25 with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Each week 10 randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for numbers of thrips (adults and larvae) present. Spraying was withheld until an average of 5-7 thrips per plant were counted, total weight and mean weight per bulb were taken on Sep 24 for 15 row ft. On Oct 14 an additional 2 middle rows of the plots were harvested, to have a 45 row ft total sample.
Onion Maggot Control, 1981
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted May 1 in muck soil near Potter, NY on the Palermo Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All treatments were applied in the seed furrow with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gpa through a gravity fed system. Dithane M-45 (80WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment at 2.4 lb ai/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken May 29. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plats ca twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on Sep 16. Yield data were taken by pulling, topping, and weighing the onions in each 20 ft row.
Insect Control in Cabbage, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , May A.W. , Otto M.E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted into 4-ft rows on 2 Aug. at the M.S.U. Hortic. Exp. Stn., Sodus, Mich. (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications (= blocks). Each plot was three rows wide (12 ft) and 15 ft long. Treatments were applied 18 and 26 Aug., 6, 13, and 23 Sept., and 10 Oct. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Efficacy was determined by examining (approximately weekly) two entire plants from the center of each plot for insects. Weekly counts and total number of insects observed during the season were analyzed.
Cabbage, Efficacy, and Yield Response Determinations of Furadan Treatments, 1983
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
F1 Stonehead cabbage plants were transplanted 6 May on the VPI & SU Hortic. Farm, Montgomery Co., Va. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Each plot consisted of three 30-ft rows with 20 plants per row (18-in. spacing). Row placement was 3 ft with 5 ft alleys between replicates. Two rates of Furadan 4F (1.0 lb and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre)were applied 9 May . A compressed air sprayer equipped with 1 fan-type nozzle (Teejet 8003) and delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 lb/in.2 was used for placement of the insecticide over each treated row of plants.
Control of Caterpillars on Cabbage, 1983
Authors: Shelton A.M. , Wilsney W.T. , North R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 18 July at the Veg. Res. Farm, near Geneva, N.Y. Plots consisted of one 9-ft row on 36-in centers with 16-in plant spacing. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, having three nozzles per row and delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 lb/in2, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Treatments were applied on 29 Sept. and evaluated 6 Oct. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting three plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting larval populations.
Control of Cabbage Caterpillars, 1983
Authors: Tuttle A.F. , Ferro D.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 1 June, 1983 for this trial. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb (AI)/acre at planting. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. Each plot was a 15-ft row and each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3-ft row spacing. All applications were made with a CO2, pressurized sprayer delivering ca. 60 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2.
Leafminer Control on Carrot with Trigard, Winter, 1982-83
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pak Mor’ carrots were planted 15 Nov. in Montverde muck on a commercial vegetable farm in Zellwood, Fl. The carrots were planted in two, four-row bands (each band was 4-in wide), 10-in apart on raised beds on 48-in centers. Because there were two bands per bed, spraying was based on 24-in centers. A plot consisted of 15 ft of one bed. Plots were separated by one unsprayed bed. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied as a band over the top of each band of carrots at 40 lb/in2 and 2 mph. The volume of spray for the first and second applications was 25 and 63 gal/acre, respectively. The volume for the remaining treatments was 50 gal/acre. All rates were applied on 9 Dec. The 0.125 and 0.500 rates were applied again on 15, 22, and 28 Dec. One meter of carrot tops was collected from each of the two bands in each plot on 5 Jan. The samples were maintained at 25 ± 1°C in rearing containers until all the larvae exited the leaves. The rearing container consisted of a 9-in by 12 1/4-in by 4 1/8-in deep clear plastic box, with lid, containing a 1/4-in wire cloth to support the foliage and lined with a paper towel to soak up excess moisture. The puparia were collected and held in pill cups until the adults emerged and died. The number of adults, normal and deformed puparia, unemerged puparia, and parasites were recorded.
Seasonlong Collards Insect Control, 1992
Authors: Sorensen K.A. , Johnson E.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Morris Heading’ collards were transplanted 18 May near Benson, N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in. centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2. Applications were made on 1, 9, 16, 23, and 30 June, 7, 14, 21, and 28 July, and 4 Aug. Biweekly evaluations for target pests were conducted beginning on 1 June.
Tank Mixes for Control of Cabbage Worm Complex, Spring 1982
Authors: Sorensen K.A. , Johnson E.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Morris Heading’ collards were transplanted 18 May near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 Ib/in2 Applicaions were made on 1, 9, 16, 23, and 30 June, 7, 14, 21, and 28 July, and 4 Aug. Biweekly evaluations for target pests were conducted beginning on 1 June.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted on 5 May on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, N. H. Each plot consisted of a single 30-foot row of corn and each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized block design. The treatments were applied at the whorl stage when signs of leaf feeding injury were detected. Spray applications were made using a B & G CO2, pressurized hand sprayer at 40 lb/in2. and a volume of 29 gal/acre. The granular applications were directed into the whorls using a Gandy plot application. Evaluation for insect damage was conducted at harvest time on 3 Aug. by examining all stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage of injury resulting from European corn borer feeding.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopteran Larvae on Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted 14 July to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were four rows wide on 30-in. centers and 25 ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle centered over the row calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with four nozzles per row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 220 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2. Whorl treatments were applied 23 and 31 Aug. Foliar sprays at silking were applied 16, 19, and 29 Sept. Twenty plants from the middle two rows were evaluated on 6 Sept. for armyworm damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: 0, no damage; 1, slight damage; 2, 10% damage; 3, moderate damage, 25% of whorl destroyed; 4, heavy damage, 50% of whorl destroyed; and 5, severe damage, skeletonized, whorls destroyed. At harvest (1 Oct.) 20 ears from the middle two rows of each plot were evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “none” (clean-no damage), “tip” (less than 1.5-in. tip damage) and “side” (culls). On 10 Oct., 20 stalks from the middle two rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface; each inch of European corn borer damage was recorded as one cavity.
Striped Cucumber Beetle Control on Pickling Cucumber, 1983
Authors: Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cucumber seeds were planted on 20 May in Sunderland, Mass., at 8 in between plants and 5 ft between rows. Soil type was a sandy loam and the pH was 6.4. Fertilizer (1,000 lb lOn: lOp: lOk/acre) was broadcast and incorporated before planting. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Each plot was two rows wide and 20 ft long. A single application of all insecticides was made on 15 June. There was an average of 3.75 feeding holes per plant on 15 June when the plants were in the three true leaf stage. The preapplication count included feeding damage to the cotyledons and the true leaves and most of the feeding damage was to the cotyledons. The postapplication count on 20 June only included damage to the true leaves and the plants in the four true leaf stage.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Eggplant, 1983
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , Lashomb James H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Florida Market’ eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 3 June. Single row plots were 15 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2. Treatments were applied 24 June, 15 and 27 July, and 5 and 22 Aug. Colorado potato beetle counts were recorded 19 July and 24 Aug. Mature fruit were harvested on 25 July, 8 Aug., 8 Sept., and 7 Oct. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by Colorado potato beetle feeding. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Insect Control on Eggplant, 1983
Authors: Reed D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Dusky’ eggplants were seeded in a Lyles sandy loam soil at the Southwestern Purdue Agrie. Cent, at Vincennes, Ind., on 20 June. Plots were 9 m long and 2 m wide arranged in a randomized complete block with three replicates and four treatments. Foliar sprays were applied with a “Hamby” tractor utilizing a one-row sprayer. Drop nozzles on either side and a nozzle over the row ensured complete coverage. Pressure was maintained at 70 lb/in2 to deliver 19 gal/acre. Applications were made at weekly intervals on 25 July, 4, 11, 18, 24, and 31 Aug., and 8 Sept. Damage from FB was recorded on 29 Aug. by applying a 2.5 cm2 template over five randomly selected leaves per plant using 10 plants per treatment, and counting the number of FB holes. CPB were counted at weekly intervals during the duration of the experiment. Yield samples were taken 29 Aug. and 9 Sept., picking all marketable fruit. Unmarketable consisted of undersize fruit less than 150 g.
Efficacy of Dyfonate on Kohlrabi for Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1981
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Early White Vienna’ kohlrabi was seeded into 25-ft, 2-row beds having 22-in row and 16-in interplant spacing on 8 May. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) soil had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. Dyfonate was broadcast at 1, 2, and 4 lb (AI)/acre and then incorporated 4- to 6-in deep by rototilling on 8 May, in the preplant application. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were sprinkler irrigated as needed at a rate of 0.375 acre-in/h. Efficacy was determined at harvest by examining 16 roots/plot for insect damage. Phytotoxicity (stand loss) was determined at thinning, ca. 6 weeks after planting.
Mushroom Phorid Control with Pounce, 1981
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Snetsinger R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight mushroom growing trays (0.37 m2 by 0.15 m), each containing 18 kg of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure compost (70% water) were individually spawned with 110 g of mushroom spawn (PSU#348) and placed into each of three small mushroom production rooms. A total of 8,928 adult female phorids per m2 of production surface were released into each production room beginning 7 days after spawning (DAS). Pounce 3.2 EC and 2% Dust were applied at the active rates of 0.0625 lb and 0.06 lb per 35,000 ft3 into each of two production rooms, respectively, for 20 daily applications beginning 7 DAS. Both formulations were applied an additional 10 times, with two applications between each break of mushrooms. The third production room served as an infested check. A Pestolite Insect Trap (Model RD-lP), equipped with blacklight fluorescent bulb, was used to monitor fly populations in each room. Mushroom culture conditions were similar to the commercial mushroom industry.