bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of cardiovascular profile in patients with primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Akshay Kumar  , Prabhu M. Mukhyaprana , Bhat Nitin , Weena Stanley  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Raised cardiovascular morbidity is common among patients with primary hypothyroidism. Study of electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) and correlation with lipid profile may help in early detection of cardiovascular diseases in hypothyroidism. By this study, we aimed at studying the cardiovascular profile in patients with primary hypothyroidism and correlating ECHO and ECG changes in primary hypothyroidism with the LDL cholesterol.
Materials and Methods: This was a single centre cross-sectional observational study. All patients diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism were included. The laboratory parameters pertaining to primary hypothyroidism were recorded. ECG and ECHO were noted and correlated with lipid profile.
Results: Total 240 subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which males were 25% and females 75%. Mean ± SD of LDL-C among subjects having ST-T changes was 160.98 ±14.86. Mean ± SD of LDL-C among subjects having no ST-T changes was 128±10.15. Unpaired student t test was used to compare mean of lipid profile in patient having ST-T changes with patients having no ST-T changes. A strong correlation was observed between LDL cholesterol and ST-T changes in ECG (P value =0.001)
Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction is more common than systolic dysfunction in primary hypothyroidism. LDL levels were high in patients with primary hypothyroidism who had ST-T changes in electrocardiogram. Levothyroxine replacement causes decrease in Total as well as LDL cholesterol in primary hypothyroidism. ECG changes correlated with abnormal lipid profile in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Correlation of salivary biomarkers with anthropometric indices for cardio-metabolic risk screening in professional undergraduates
Authors: Bindiya Satish  , Gowda K. M. Damodara , Mohd Ehtesham Ali Farooqui  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: The onset of cardio metabolic disorders in the later parts of adult life requires development of early screening techniques. The current study is an approach to design and evaluate the easy-to-use method for the diagnosis of cardio metabolic disorders.
Materials and Methods: The current study was performed after the institutional ethical approval. Fifty-two healthy but, obese volunteers aged 17-25 years with BMI ?25.0 were included. Salivary cortisol level was estimated by ELISA. Salivary ?-amylase was measured by kinetic enzyme assay. Data was expressed as Mean ± SD. The association between anthropometric parameters with salivary cortisol and salivary amylase was done by Pearson correlation test. p value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Salivary cortisol in male and female subjects did not show significant correlation (p>0.05) with anthropometric parameters except BMI. Similarly, salivary amylase did not show significant correlation (p>0.05) with Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), A body shape index (ABSI), Body Round Index (BRI) and Physical Fitness Index (PFI). The correlation of Waist to hip ratio (WHR) was found to be significantly correlated (p=0.01) with salivary amylase level whereas, the BMI and Body fat % was negatively correlated with salivary amylase level.
Conclusion: The newly proposed anthropometric parameters such as WHtR, ABSI, BRI, and PFI did not proved as ideal parameters for early prediction of cardio metabolic disorders in both genders.
The role of probiotic supplementation on insulin resistance in obesity associated diabetes: A mini review
Authors: Saha Seeme , Rahman S M Niazur , Alam Nazmun Nahar 
Published: September 2022

Obesity and diabetes are two metabolic disorders linked by an inflammatory process named insulin resistance (IR). Various research on the role of gut microbiota in developing obesity and its associated disorders has led to the growing interest in probiotic supplementation. Considering the life-threatening complications of diabesity this mini review explored the effects of probiotic supplementation on IR in obesity associated diabetes. This review is based on recent articles from 2005-2020, studying the role of probiotic supplementation on glucose and insulin parameters in healthy and diabetic mouse model. Probiotic supplementation altered the gut microbiota composition, increased short chain fatty acid production, and decreased pro inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, they decreased intestinal permeability, circulating lipopolysaccharides and metabolic endotoxemia, hence improved insulin sensitivity and reduced obesity. Although multi-strain probiotic supplementation showed greater benefits than single strain interventions, variations in the concentration of probiotics used and the duration of treatment also influenced the results. Probiotic supplementation could manipulate the gut microbiota by reducing intestinal permeability, inflammation and ameliorate IR and obesity associated diabetes in animal models which requires further long-term clinical studies in humans.
Analysis of smear patterns in tubercular lymphadenitis by fine needle aspiration cytology in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Amina Mukhtar  , Saldanha Crysle 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: India accounts for the highest number of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), frequently manifested as lymphadenitis. Our study is designed to evaluate cytological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis in FNAC, a rapid diagnostic procedure among patients in a tertiary care hospital presenting with lymphadenopathy. Materials and Methods: A total of 193 patients were detected with tubercular lymphadenitis in a 3-year cross-sectional study. Chi-square test was done to analyze the patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis in FNAC and its association with Acid fast bacilli staining. Results: The highest frequency of tubercular lymphadenitis was observed in cervical lymph nodes 125/193 cases (64.77%). Pattern B (epithelioid granuloma with necrosis) 94 cases (48.7%) constituted the predominant pattern. AFB positive smears were graded as follows, grade 1 +: 28.6%, grade 2 +:47.6%, grade 3+: 23.8%. Grade 3 AFB positivity was observed among HIV (four cases) positive patients. Conclusion: FNAC is a minimally invasive procedure in patients with Tuberculous Lymphadenitis, an extra pulmonary manifestation of Mycobacterial tuberculosis.
3-Nitrotyrosine (NT) levels in serum and its association with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Biomarker role of NT in the assessment of oxidative stress mediated impending vascular complications in nephropathy
Authors: Meka Farid Babu  , A.R. Srinivasan , Benerji G.V.  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: 3-Nitrotyrosine (NT) has been recognized as a marker of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. NT has also been studied in diverse metabolic conditions. The aim of our study was oriented towards the role of NT as a predictor of oxidative stress mediated impending nephropathy in diabetes mellitus and that with reference to albuminuria.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 type 2 diabetics in the age group 35 - 50 years were enrolled as three groups, comprising 50 each, based on albuminuria. 50 healthy age and gender matched subjects constituted the control group. Serum NT and Insulin were assessed by ELISA. HbA1c was quantitated by immunoturbidimetric method and microalbumin was assessed by turbilatex method. Routine biochemistry was enabled through ERBA EM-200 fully automated analyzer. Stringent quality control was affected. The study was begun following approval accorded by the competent committees.
Results: NT levels were positively correlated with albumin-creatinine ratio and insulin resistance. NT could be used as a predictor of impending vascular complications in diabetic nephropathy.
Conclusion: NT levels could act as a predictor of oxidative stress mediated diabetic nephropathy in the light of albuminuria.
Evaluation of phenol ammonium sulfate basic fuchsin and auramine O staining by pot technique for the detection of acid-fast bacilli among patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Druti Hazra  , Krithika M.  , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad , Kiran Chawla  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern with its high incidence and mortality. In developing countries, smear microscopy continues to be the primary diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of TB. Sputum samples processing under resource-limited settings could be hazardous, which urges safe and efficient smear microscopy techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different pot methods: Phenol ammonium sulfate (PhAS) auramine O and PhAS basic fuchsin in comparison to the conventional Auramine O method.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology with 74 sputum samples. All sputum samples were processed using the Auramine O method PhAS auramine O and PhAS basic fuchsin staining methods. Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to maintain and analyze all the data.
Results: A total of 8 (10.7%) samples were positive for AFB and 67 (89.3%) samples were negative, according to routine auramine O method and pot methods. Pot methods showed a 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the conventional Auramine O method. In terms of sputum smear grading, the direct smear using auramine O showed better results compared to pot methods.
Conclusion: Pot methods like PhAS basic fuchsin and PhAS auramine O are efficient to detect AFB in sputum smears by reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections.
Correlation of biomarker cortisol with fatigue and quality of life among men and women with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: S. Deepa , Kumaresan A.  , Prathap Suganthirababu  , Surya Vishnuram  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Fatigue is the prodromal symptom occurring as the earliest symptom even before motor symptoms. It has been unidentified, which also proves to be an untouched symptom for intervention. Little has been understood how men and women feel fatigued. The objective of this study is to find the correlation between fatigue and quality of life among men and women with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Materials and Methods: Recommended scale for fatigue as fatigue severity score and a biomarker salivary cortisol was correlated against the quality-of-life questionnaire as PDQ-39 among 25 PD male and female patients.
Results: Females are found to show significantly higher values compared to males in PDQ and salivary cortisol. F values are significant for PDQ and salivary cortisol only (p < 0.01) when compared to the H/Y scale (‘r’ = 0.420).
Conclusion: Females reported more fatigue and poor quality of life. Salivary cortisol can be a useful biomarker to measure and infer the level of fatigue which had been only feeling reported by the patients until now.
Comparison of various RBC indices and Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in patients with and without malaria
Authors: Pandurangi Ulka , Biswas Monalisa , Shetty Prajna P , Belle Vijetha Shenoy 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Malaria is endemic in many parts of India. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is known to protect against malaria. G6PD deficient individuals afflicted with malaria when treated with primaquine, the first line oxidant drug of malaria, encounter adverse to fatal complications due to acute precipitation of hemolytic anemia. There is a need to assess RBC indices in malaria, its implications in G6PD deficiency, and its acute manifestations. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate various RBC indices and G6PD activity in patients with and without malaria and to find a prevalence of G6PD deficiency in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out by the Biochemistry Department of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal in 363 participants (with malaria and without malaria). Mann Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank correlation were employed to assess group differences and correlation, respectively.

Results: 218 cases of malaria in 365 days from a tertiary care hospital in South India is an alarming incidence and annuls the fact that the malaria prevalence is relatively low in South India. Complete blood counts and red blood indices did not show any statistically significant difference between the study groups. No statistically significant correlation was found between G6PD activity and RBC indices in the present study.

Conclusion: No significant differences between hematological indicators and malaria with or without G6PD deficiency hint towards the necessity of G6PD tests for radical treatment of malaria as hematological indices are unable to predict the defective enzyme activity.
Molecular identification of intracellular survival related Brucella melitensis virulence factors
Authors: Halah abdulkaliq Awadh  , Zainab Noori Hammed  , Sahib Hamzah Sawsan , Tahreer Hadi Saleh  , Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah AL-Rubaii  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. which is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium. Brucella melitensis lacks the "traditional" virulence factors such as exotoxins or cytolysins, but is capable of persisting intracellularly and evading the immune system. This study aims to identify B. melitensis using PCR and discover genes associated with its severity for early detection and therapy.
Materials and Methods: Ten ml of unclotted blood sample was collected from each patient (n=100) suspected to be infected with brucellosis. The Castaneda technique was used to inoculate blood samples onto Brucella Basel agar with a selective supplement and tryptone soy broth in a diphasic flask. Biochemical tests were used in identifying the isolated colonies. B. melitensis isolates were further confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using, primers targeting a specific region (IS711 gene) of the genome. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the four virulence related genes (lps B, mgtA, omp25, CBG) in all positive samples.
Results: Brucella melitensis was detected in 9% (9/100) of the blood samples. Among the virulence factors, LpsB and mgtA, were detected in all the isolates while, the genes omp25 and CBG were detected in 66.6% and 55.5% of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Brucellosis could be diagnosed rapidly using molecular techniques. PCR technique could also be used in identifying the Brucella virulence related genes lpsB, mgtA, CBG, and omp25 that are crucial to the bacterium's pathogenicity in the intracellular environment.
The reliability of TIRADS classification in predicting thyroid malignancy based on ultrasound findings in Mosul city
Authors: Abeer Wali Ahmed  , Saad Muwafaq Attash  , Mohammad Harith Mohammad Zacki Al Saaty  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Ultrasound of the thyroid gland is a routine procedure. Nodules are the most common disorders seen and analyzed by ultrasound. The study purpose was to show how accurate ultrasonography was at identifying benign from malignant nodules using (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System TIRADS) categories. High-frequency ultrasonography scanning of the neck and thyroid glands offers useful information and anatomical images.
Materials and Methods: This study involved 495 patients who were subjected to a thyroid ultrasound imaging from December 2019 to December 2020. The ultrasound and evaluation was performed by a professional Radiologist by means of a transducer with linear-array (between 5 - 12 MHz) (DC-30, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd). Nodules detected were evaluated for composition, echogenicity, boundary, shape and echogenic foci. Each attribute was recorded using the standardized scoring system provided by the ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS). The scores obtained, were used in classifying the nodules as TI-RADS 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 to define risk levels of malignant nodule.
Results: TIRADS approach was used to assess the thyroid ultrasound data obtained and the nodules categorized created on ultrasound features such as irregular edges, shape, tall rather wide, hypo echogenic, calcified, and vascular. The TIRAD 3 category was the most common accounting for about 251 cases (52.73 percent of the calculated diagnostic results, which included specificity (50%), sensitivity (96.59%), positive (97.21%) and negative (55.17%) predictive values. The study revealed 26 (4.25%) of the nodules to be cancerous.
Conclusion: Since the TIRADS system of categorization is a good technique for predicting malignancies in thyroid nodules, we employ ultrasound as the first diagnostic tool for efficiently finding and classifying thyroid nodules.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the mental health status of Indian undergraduate health professional students
Authors: Thalanjeri Padmini , Balakrishnan Grrishma , Bangera Shobith , Biju Nada , Balasubramaniyam Kalpana 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: The psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and related lockdown measures among the Indian population are less known. Undergraduate students are prone to mental health problems making them more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic and its lockdown. This study sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the mental health status of undergraduate health professional students of a tertiary care setup.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried on undergraduate health professional students of a private Deemed-to-be University. 246 participants took part in this study. A questionnaire was provided as a Google form containing 26 questions. It captured the main dimensions of mental health-related issues in undergraduate students. Paired ‘t’ test was employed to compare the mental health status of the participants before and during the lockdown.
Results: A significant majority of our participants experienced stress during the lockdown. There was no significant effect of gender, the number of household members, or prior mental health challenges on the mental status of the students. COVID-19 updates on central government introduced mobile application significantly decreased stress but reports from television/radio and social media significantly contributed to stress. Students engaged in online academic activities of more than four hours per day were significantly stressed.
Conclusion: Undergraduate health professional students in our study were significantly more stressed during the lockdown as compared to the pre-lockdown period. Academic online activity also significantly contributed to stress with more than four hours of online engagement precipitating severe stress.
Vitamin B status and its impact in post-menopausal women: A review
Authors: Samuel Stefy , Manokaran Kalaivani , Nayak Kusumakshi , Rao Gayathri M , Kamath U Saritha 
Published: September 2022

Menopause is an age-related naturally occurring phenomenon in women. Women generally attain menopause between the 40-58 years of age, during which they undergo several physiological changes that have an impact on their daily activities. The deficiency of B vitamins occurs mainly due to the dietary pattern, absorption and blood loss which may leads to health problems such as cognitive decline, osteoporosis, physical and mental imbalance. This review evaluated the published evidence on the vitamin B status and its impact in post-menopausal women. Selected data sources were searched for relevant literature (2010-2020) and included as per the set criteria using Prisma guidelines. The NIH quality questionnaire tool was used to rate the articles. Finally eleven articles were included for full length review having reports on the impact of B vitamins on bone loss, cognitive decline and physical activity. Existing evidences show that there is no association between B vitamins and bone loss. Very few studies are available which concluded association of B vitamin with cognitive decline and physical health. More studies are required to address this research gap.
Association between six-minute walk tests with lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide in chronic respiratory disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shanmugapriya K.  , Parivakkam Mani Anbumaran , Gururaj Prasanth , Balakrishnan Hariprasad 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous disorder that share common clinical, radiographic, and physiological features. Most patients with ILD usually experience an exertion – induced dyspnea as first symptom. A noticeable change in oxygen saturation was noticed in ILD patients while exercise. The study objective was to ascertain the functional parameter that correlates best with ILD by comparing age, sex, and smoking history with different ILD pattern.
Materials and Methods: A proforma (including Six Minute Walk Test and Pulmonary Function Test with lung diffusion capacity) for one-year period (September 2014 - November 2015) was taken for the 40 included participants. The study includes patients with Interstitial Lung diseases diagnosed by clinical, radiological and spirometric parameters. The study tests the sensitivity and the specificity of six-minute walk test versus lung carbon monoxide diffusing ability.
Results: A total of 40 participants were included (19 were males and 21 were females). 12 were smokers and 28 were non-smokers. 20 patients belonged to Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) pattern, 14 were Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) and 6 were others. The mean±SD spirometric parameters were FEV1/FVC=101.71±16.752, FVC=55.29±17.322, FEV1=57.66 ± 20.246.
Conclusion: There was no statistical significance between age, gender, smoking and ILD patterns. Spirometer and diffusion capacity indices co-relate best with NSIP pattern of ILD in our study. In a resource limited setting, clinical and radiological assessment of ILD with six-minute walking distance and spirometry should or need not be supplemented by DLCO for severity assessment.
An Immunohistochemical study of CD83 positive dendritic cell density in human benign and malignant uterine specimens
Authors: Ramachandran Kalpana 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogenous group of accessory cells that function as specialized forms of antigen-presenting cells in human body. A thorough knowledge of the DC population of the human uterus, especially the CD83 population would be very useful for an effective understanding of the immune protection of the endometrium during different phases of menstrual cycle and in the pathological conditions of the uterus. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care referral medical college hospital in South India. Women in the age group of 35 to 50 years, who underwent hysterectomy were included in the study. Immunohistochemical study on the presence of mature CD83+DCs was carried out in the processed uterine specimens. The number of CD83 cells/20 high power fields in each of the specimen was calculated and reviewed by two independent reviewers. Results: About 43 hysterectomy specimens obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign and malignant conditions of uterus were included in the study. Fibroid uterus was the most common indication for hysterectomy. The minimum and maximum DCs were 12 and 720 DCs per 20 HPF respectively, with an overall mean of 109.28. The mean DCs amongst benign specimens was 1.2 DCs and in the malignant specimens was 22.65 DCs per HPF, with a P value of 0.0001. Conclusion: Mature dendritic cells are seen in abundance in malignant and pre-malignant tissues of human uterus. A reduction in number of CD83+ DCs was observed in patients with proliferative and secretory endometrium.