bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A path to gigantism: Three‐dimensional study of the sauropodomorph limb long bone shape variation in the context of the emergence of the sauropod bauplan
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi , Houssaye Alexandra , Mallison Heinrich , Cornette Raphaël , Allain Ronan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSauropodomorph dinosaurs include the largest terrestrial animals that ever lived on Earth. The early representatives of this clade were, however, relatively small and partially to totally bipedal, conversely to the gigantic and quadrupedal sauropods. Although the sauropod bauplan is well defined, notably by the acquisition of columnar limbs, the evolutionary sequence leading to its emergence remains debated. Here, we aim to tackle this evolutionary episode by investigating shape variation in the six limb long bones for the first time using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. The morphological features of the forelimb zeugopod bones related to the sauropod bauplan tend to appear abruptly, whereas the pattern is more gradual for the hindlimb zeugopod bones. The stylopod bones tend to show the same pattern as their respective zeugopods. The abrupt emergence of the sauropod forelimb questions the locomotor abilities of non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs inferred as quadrupeds. Features characterizing sauropods tend to corroborate a view of their locomotion mainly based on stylopod retraction. An allometric investigation of the shape variation in accordance with size highlight differences in hindlimb bone allometries between the sauropods and the non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs. These differences notably correspond to an unexpected robustness decrease trend in the sauropod hindlimb zeugopod. In addition to forelimb bones that appear to be proportionally more gracile than in non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs, sauropods may have relied on limb architecture and features related to the size increase, rather than general robustness, to deal with the role of weight‐bearing.
Information and counselling needs of patients with major low anterior resection syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Pape Eva , Decoene Elsie , Debrauwere Mieke , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Pattyn Piet , Feryn Tom , Pattyn Paul R. L. , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann ,   the Belgian LARS collaborative group
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim was to explore the information and counselling needs of rectal cancer survivors confronted with major low anterior resection syndrome.BackgroundRectal cancer survivors are often confronted with bowel problems after surgery. This is called low anterior resection syndrome. Patients are unsure what to expect after treatment and healthcare professionals often underestimate the impact of low anterior resection syndrome on patients’ lives.DesignA qualitative study with a grounded theory approach was conducted.MethodsPatients were recruited between 2017 and 2019 in three hospitals, and a call was distributed in two patients’ organisations. Semi‐structured interviews with patients confronted with major low anterior resection syndrome were performed. An iterative process between data collection and data analysis was used. Data analysis was done using the constant comparative method, and investigators’ triangulation was applied. Qualitative data were reported following COREQ guidelines. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04896879.ResultsA total of 28 patients were interviewed until theoretical data saturation. Before surgery patients’ need for information varied according to their individual coping mechanisms. Some patients required information before surgery, while others considered this too overwhelming. When confronted with LARS, patients desired that healthcare professionals recognised its impact and clarified its expected evolution. A proactive counselling with an easy accessible and approachable healthcare professional was beneficial.ConclusionPatients expressed several needs regarding the information before rectal cancer surgery and counselling of low anterior resection syndrome after surgery.Relevance to clinical practiceBetter knowledge and understanding of major low anterior resection syndrome and its challenges by healthcare professionals are crucial. Especially the impact on quality of life is significant for patients and underestimated by healthcare professionals. Information before surgery and counselling when confronted with major low anterior resection syndrome should be optimised and tailored to patients’ needs.
Genetic ablation of the Bsx homeodomain transcription factor in zebrafish: Impact on mature pineal gland morphology and circadian behavior
Authors: Carstensen Mikkel Bloss , Medvetzky Adar , Weinberger Alon , Driever Wolfgang , Gothilf Yoav , Rath Martin Fredensborg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pineal gland is a neuroendocrine structure in the brain, which produces and secretes the hormone melatonin at nighttime and is considered a key element in the circadian clock system. Early morphogenesis of the gland is controlled by a number of transcription factors, some of which remain active in adult life. One of these is the brain‐specific homeobox (Bsx), a highly conserved homeodomain transcription factor with a developmental role in the pineal gland of several species, including zebrafish, and regulatory roles in mature pinealocytes of the rat. To determine the role of Bsx in circadian biology, we here examined the effects of a bsx loss‐of‐function mutation on the pineal gland in adult zebrafish and on behavioral circadian rhythms in larvae. In pineal cell type‐specific Gfp/Egfp reporter zebrafish lines, we did not detect fluorescence signals in the pineal area of homozygous (bsx−/−) mutants. Interestingly, a nonpigmented area on the dorsal surface of the head above the gland, known as the pineal window, was pigmented in the homozygous mutants. Furthermore, a structure corresponding to the pineal gland was not detectable in the midline of the adult brain in histological sections analyzed by Nissl staining and S‐antigen immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the levels of pineal transcripts were greatly reduced in bsx−/− mutants, as revealed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Notably, analysis of locomotor activity at the larval stage revealed altered circadian rhythmicity in the bsx mutants with periods and phases similar to wildtype, but severely reduced amplitudes in locomotor activity patterns. Thus, Bsx is essential for full development of the pineal gland, with its absence resulting in a phenotype of morphological pineal gland ablation and disrupted circadian behavior.
Precarious Lives Predict Culturally Deviant Psychologies: Extending the Psychology of Marginalization From Japan to the US
Authors: Norasakkunkit Vinai , Champagne Brennan , Prietto Kavika , Armour Jacqueline , Ball Carly , Bigoni Hayley , Cutuli Allison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreviously published work suggests that marginalized Japanese youth have psychologies that deviate from interdependent self‐orientations. To test whether this pattern extends to an independent self‐construal, two previous experiments originally conducted in Japan were replicated in the United States. In Study 1, risk of marginalization was measured among 109 American undergraduates according to a previously developed measure. As expected, high‐risk American undergraduates were less independent. That is, they were less motivated by success than by failure compared to low‐risk American undergraduates. Similarly, in Study 2 with 144 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) Americans, high‐risk American MTurkers were, again, less independent. That is, they were less motivated to maintain the perception of self‐consistency in their behaviours compared to the low‐risk American MTurkers. Furthermore, American MTurkers who were classified as “high risk” were also living more precarious lives in the U.S. Across cultures, the patterns of results were reversed due to opposing cultural norms according to predominant self‐construal. Thus, the tendency to be marginalized in society seems to predict the tendency to have culturally deviant psychologies: this pattern seems to be generalizable across both an interdependent society like Japan and an independent society like the United States.
Reliability in viscosity measurement of thickening agents for dysphagia management: Are results obtained by cone‐and‐plate rheometers reproducible between laboratories?
Authors: Kumai Yasuhito , Suzuki Ippei , Tousen Yuko , Kondo Takashi , Kayashita Jun , Chiba Tsuyoshi , Furusho Tadasu , Takebayashi Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractViscosity measurement using a cone‐and‐plate rheometer is considered to provide an objective and reliable evaluation of thickening agents for dysphagia management. Here, we showed its measurement uncertainty in the context of an inter‐laboratory study. Eight test samples (i.e., four viscosity standard liquids, one xanthan gum reagent powder, and three commercial thickening agent powders) were distributed to 10 laboratories in a blinded manner. According to the same standard operating procedure, each laboratory dissolved the xanthan gum or thickening agents at four concentrations (0.5–4.0 g/100 g) and then measured their viscosity (35–803 mPa∙s). As for the viscosity of the standard liquids, the grand means were 98–100% of the certified values, and the relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) were ca. 1% and ca. 5%, respectively, suggesting good accuracy in the measurement process. On the other hand, as for the viscosity of the thickening agents, RSDr and RSDR were ca. 2–6% and ca. 5–8%, respectively; however, heterogeneity in the preparation process comprising a manual dissolving step may increase these to near 60%. Furthermore, RSDr and RSDR of estimated additive concentrations to achieve targeted viscosities (50–500 mPa∙s) based on concentration‐viscosity curves were ca. 1–3% and ca. 3–5%, respectively, with a few exceptions. These findings suggest that a strictly standardized procedure provides reliable data on the viscosity measurements for thickening agents.
The role of climate and maternal manipulation in determining and maintaining reproductive mode in Liolaemus lizards
Authors: Cruz F. B. , Moreno Azócar D. L. , Perotti M. G. , Acosta J. C. , Stellatelli O. , Vega L. , Luna F. , Antenucci D. , Abdala C. , Schulte J. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvolutionary transitions in life‐history strategies, such as the shift from egg‐laying to live birth (viviparity) are of great interest to evolutionary biologists. In squamate reptiles, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain viviparity including the cold climate hypothesis, maternal manipulation hypothesis, hypoxia hypothesis, and several others. We used two approaches: first we studied 45 species of Liolaemus, a genus where nearly 50% of species are viviparous, using a diverse ecophysiological dataset to examine the cold climate and maternal manipulation hypotheses. We collected environmental thermal data (accounting for elevational differences among species), physiological traits including preferred body temperature and its coefficient of variation as an indicator of precision in thermoregulation. Additionally, we collected standard metabolic rates for 23 of the 45 species. In one clade (the darwinii group of species) with both reproductive modes, we ran our second approach. We tested for differences in thermal physiology and metabolic rates between viviparous and oviparous species during pregnancy and non‐pregnancy periods. The cold climate hypothesis received strong support because viviparous species occur in sites with colder air temperatures (including areas at both higher elevations and latitudes) compared with oviparous species. Our detailed analysis showed that the maternal manipulation hypothesis also is supported; pregnant viviparous females show lower variation in their selected temperature. Our evidence suggests that the Andean orogeny is likely to have played a key role in the diversification of Liolaemus lizards and the evolution of viviparity in this clade may have been driven by a variety of physiological advantages accrued at different stages of embryogenesis and over evolutionary time. Thus, historical climate changes may have led to egg retention and may have been accompanied by other adaptations such as thermoregulation precision.
Independent breakdown events of the Brassica napus Rlm7 resistance gene including via the off‐target impact of a dual‐specificity avirulence interaction
Authors: Van de Wouw Angela P. , Sheedy Elizabeth M. , Ware Andrew H. , Marcroft Stephen J. , Idnurm Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtection of many crops is achieved through the use of genetic resistance. Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease of Brassica napus, has emerged as a model for understanding gene‐for‐gene interactions that occur between plants and pathogens. Whilst many of the characterized avirulence effector genes interact with a single resistance gene in the host, the AvrLm4‐7 avirulence gene is recognized by two resistance genes, Rlm4 and Rlm7. Here, we report the “breakdown” of the Rlm7 resistance gene in Australia, under two different field conditions. The first, and more typical, breakdown probably resulted from widescale use of Rlm7‐containing cultivars whereby selection has led to an increase of individuals in the L. maculans population that have undergone repeat‐induced point (RIP) mutations at the AvrLm4‐7 locus. This has rendered the AvrLm4‐7 gene ineffective and therefore these isolates have become virulent towards both Rlm4 and Rlm7. The second, more atypical, situation was the widescale use of Rlm4 cultivars. Whilst a single‐nucleotide polymorphism is the more common mechanism of virulence towards Rlm4, in this field situation, RIP mutations have been selected leading to the breakdown of resistance for both Rlm4 and Rlm7. This is an example of a resistance gene being rendered ineffective without having grown cultivars with the corresponding resistance gene due to the dual specificity of the avirulence gene. These findings highlight the value of pathogen surveillance in the context of expanded knowledge about potential complexities for Avr–R interactions for the deployment of appropriate resistance gene strategies.
A case of treatment‐resistant membranous nephropathy associated with graft versus host disease successfully treated with daratumumab
Authors: Benoit Stefanie W. , Khandelwal Pooja , Grimley Michael S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMembranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of glomerulopathy after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), most often occurring in the setting of graft versus host disease (GVHD). Twenty percent of patients will fail to respond to standard therapy and may progress to end stage renal disease. Here we present the case of a pediatric patient who developed chronic oral GVHD more than one‐year post‐HCT, who subsequently developed nephrotic syndrome (anasarca, nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia) and had a renal biopsy consistent with MN. Treated with ibrutinib for her GVHD, and steroids, tacrolimus, and rituximab for her MN, she failed to achieve even partial remission of her kidney disease after 8 months. Due to steroid toxicity and 0% CD19 cells on lymphocyte subpopulation flow cytometry, the decision was made to trial plasma cell depletion therapy with daratumumab.MethodShe received three doses of daratumumab at weeks 1, 4, and 17.ResultsHer nephrotic syndrome resolved and her serum albumin was greater than 3.0 gm/dl by week 10. She was weaned off of both steroids and tacrolimus by week 16, at which time she had near‐complete remission of her renal disease.ConclusionDaratumumab may be an important, novel therapeutic option for post‐HCT MN patients who are not responsive to standard therapies.
Traffic Sign Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction Based on Point Clouds and Panoramic Images
Authors: Wang Minye , Liu Rufei , Yang Jiben , Lu Xiushan , Yu Jiayong , Ren Hongwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraffic signs are a very important source of information for drivers and pilotless automobiles. With the advance of Mobile LiDAR System (MLS), massive point clouds have been applied in three‐dimensional digital city modelling. However, traffic signs in MLS point clouds are low density, colourless and incomplete. This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of vertical rectangle traffic sign point clouds based on panoramic images. In this method, traffic sign point clouds are extracted based on arc feature and spatial semantic features analysis. Traffic signs in images are detected by colour and shape features and a convolutional neural network. Traffic sign point cloud and images are registered based on outline features. Finally, traffic sign points match traffic sign pixels to reconstruct the traffic sign point cloud. Experimental results have demonstrated that this proposed method can effectively obtain colourful and complete traffic sign point clouds with high resolution.
Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes relates to elasticity but is independent of cell wall thickness and photosynthesis
Authors: Perera‐Castro Alicia V. , Flexas Jaume 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMosses have been found outliers of the trade‐off between photosynthesis and bulk elastic modulus described for vascular plants. Hence, potential trade‐offs among physical features of cell walls and desiccation tolerance, water relations, and photosynthesis were assessed in bryophytes and other poikilohydric species. Long‐term desiccation tolerance was quantified after variable periods of desiccation/rehydration cycles. Water relations were analyzed by pressure–volume curves. Mesophyll conductance was estimated using both CO2 curve‐fitting and anatomical methods. Cell wall elasticity was the parameter that better correlated with the desiccation tolerance index for desiccation tolerant species and was antagonistic to higher absolute values of osmotic potential. Although high values of cell wall effective porosity were estimated compared with the values assumed for vascular plants, the desiccation tolerance index negatively correlated with the porosity in desiccation tolerant bryophytes. Neither cell wall thickness nor photosynthetic capacity were correlated with the desiccation tolerance index of the studied species. The existence of a potential evolutionary trade‐off between cell wall thickness and desiccation tolerance is rejected. The photosynthetic capacity reported for bryophytes is independent of elasticity and desiccation tolerance. Furthermore, the role of cell wall thickness in limiting CO2 conductance would be overestimated under a scenario of high cell wall porosity for most bryophytes.
Defining key metabolic roles in osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in the recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia under salt stress
Authors: Guo Qiang , Han Jiwan , Li Cui , Hou Xincun , Zhao Chunqiao , Wang Qinghai , Wu Juying , Mur Luis A. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia is of forage and medical value and can remediate saline soils. We here assess the contribution of primary/secondary metabolism to osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in Karelinia caspia under salt stress using multi‐omic approaches. Computerized phenomic assessments, tests for cellular osmotic changes and lipid peroxidation indicated that salt treatment had no detectable physical effect on K. caspia. Metabolomic analysis indicated that amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, polyamine, phenolic acids, and vitamins accumulated significantly with salt treatment. Transcriptomic assessment identified differentially expressed genes closely linked to the changes in above primary/secondary metabolites under salt stress. In particular, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis) as well as arginine and proline metabolism were observed to maintain a low osmotic potential. Chlorogenic acid/vitamin E biosynthesis was also enhanced, which would aid in ROS scavenging in the response of K. caspia to salt. Overall, our findings define key changes in primary/secondary metabolism that are coordinated to modulate the osmotic balance and ROS homeostasis to contribute to the salt tolerance of K. caspia.
Performing Rurality in Online Community Groups*
Authors: Fisker Jens Kaae , Johansen Pia Heike , Jensen Maja Theresia , Thuesen Annette Aagaard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how rurality is performed in online community groups, attending in particular to outdoor recreation and engagement with local nature. The starting point for our performative approach is that when places are digitally mediated, the technological intermediary is never innocent or neutral. Methodologically, we conducted an online ethnography in 20 rural community groups on Facebook during one full year, collecting every post and associated comment threads relating to outdoor recreation and other forms of engagement with local nature. An iterative, heuristic coding process was employed to engage with and further develop existing performative approaches to the sociological study of rural places. Distinguishing throughout between staged and quotidian performances, our findings detail how the routines, pleasures, and tasks of everyday rural life are performed online. Important distinctions that emerge from this include routines that are given vis‐à‐vis those that are in‐the‐making; pleasures based on impression and expression respectively; and tasks relating to carework and sharework. The paper contributes valuable new insights regarding the performance of rurality in the age of the everyday Internet.
Risk factors associated with the onset of lomustine‐induced neutropenia in tumour‐bearing dogs
Authors: Treggiari Elisabetta , Cossu Giovanna , Valenti Paola , Taylor Angela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLomustine (1‐[2‐chloroethyl]3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosurea, CCNU) is an oral alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass that can cause myelosuppression, with neutropenia being the main dose‐limiting toxicity. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of neutropenic events and to identify predisposing risk factors in tumour‐bearing dogs treated with CCNU. Dogs receiving CCNU for various malignancies were identified following a search of hospital databases. Variables analysed for correlation with neutropenia included signalment, body weight, tumour type, CCNU total dose, steroid use, protocol type, use of L‐asparaginase, previous anthracycline administration and use of the drug as first‐line or in the rescue setting. One‐hundred and fifteen cases were included; median age was 7 years (range 1–14 years) and median body weight 27.6 kg (range 3–74 kg). The median CCNU dose was 63.5 mg/m2(range 27.7–84.9 mg/m2). Neutropenia occurred in 75 cases (65%) and was comprised of grade 1 (28%), 2 (16%), 3 (29.3%) and 4 (26.7%) events. Tumour type (histiocytic sarcoma [HS]), use of CCNU first line, dose >70 mg/m2, absence of co‐morbidities and previous anthracycline administration, were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing neutropenia, including high‐grade events. There was a 1.7% reported mortality rate. When CCNU is used in dogs with HS, first‐line, at a starting dosage >70 mg/m2, in patients with no co‐morbidities or with a history of previous anthracycline administration, there may be an increased risk of developing neutropenia. These data may help guide treatment decisions and minimize treatment delays or potentially life‐threatening complications.