bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-Based Participatory Research to Improve Cardiovascular Health Among US Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups
Authors: Haynes Norrisa , Kaur Amanpreet , Swain JaBaris , Joseph Joshua J. , Brewer LaPrincess C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review

This review aims to assess the contemporary community-based participatory research (CBPR) literature seeking to improve the cardiovascular health of racial and ethnic minority groups in the USA with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors and social determinants of health. It summarizes recent CBPR studies based on the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) framework, delineating seven modifiable health behaviors and clinical factors to promote cardiovascular health.

Recent Findings
Although limited in quantity, studies demonstrated preliminary effectiveness in improving individual and a composite of LS7 indicators by employing strategies centered around fortifying social networks, integrating group activities, leveraging technology, incorporating faith-based and spiritual practices, and implementing changes to the built environment.

Summary
Future directions for investigators engaged in CBPR include building on the existing body of evidence through more comprehensive studies, scaling effective interventions, and translating CBPR findings to influence health policy to better address health disparities.
Current Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Tsai Andrew S. H. , Acaba-Berrocal Luis , Sobhy Myrna , Cole Emily , Ostmo Susan , Jonas Karyn , Campbell J. Peter , Chiang Michael F. , Chan R. V. Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to provide an update on the recent major advances in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Recent Findings
There have been a number of major advances in our understanding and management of ROP over the last decade: (1) The advent of improved imaging techniques and technological infrastructure has led to the increased use of telemedicine and potential use of artificial intelligence to enhance access to care for children at risk of developing ROP; (2) the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) 3rd edition has provided updates in classification of ROP and response of ROP to treatment; and (3) the treatment paradigm has shifted from laser therapy exclusively to now having the option of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. This has led to greater interest in trying to better understand the possible adverse events related to systemic and local VEGF suppression.

Summary
There is a greater understanding in the diagnosis and treatment of ROP and its response to treatment. The advent of anti-VEGF therapy has provided ROP providers with a treatment modality that may lead to improved visual outcomes without the need for peripheral retinal ablation. However, there remain questions regarding systemic and local adverse events. Laser photocoagulation continues to be an effective primary therapy and may also be needed after or in conjunction with anti-VEGF treatment.
Application of an iron-based shape memory alloy for post-tensioning glass elements
Authors: Silvestru Vlad-Alexandru , Deng Zhikang , Michels Julien , Li Lingzhen , Ghafoori Elyas , Taras Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious research has evidenced that by adding a ductile reinforcement on the tension side of a glass beam, for instance by adhesive bonding, its post-cracking behaviour and redundancy were improved, while an additional pre-stressing of this reinforcement further helped to increase the initial cracking resistance. Past investigations used steel tendons or stainless steel strips, which required rather complex setups and procedures for mechanical pre-stressing. This study aims to introduce an easier-to-apply procedure with strips made of an iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA), which has the property of remembering its initial shape after a phase transformation from austenite to martensite. The Fe-SMA strips can be anchored to a parent structure as pre-strained strips, in case of a glass substrate by adhesive bonding. After activation of the Fe-SMA through a heating and cooling process, a tensile stress is generated in the strip, which applies a compressive stress field into the parent structure. This work discusses the results from first feasibility investigations dealing with the choice of adhesive and identifying a suitable activation procedure for Fe-SMA strips adhesively bonded to glass elements. The effective bond length, which needs to be considered when defining the anchorage length, was determined for two structural adhesives. While for the high-strength, brittle 2c-epoxy adhesive SikaPower®-1277, shorter bond lengths of a little more than 120 mm were sufficient, for the more ductile 2c-methacrylate adhesive Araldite® 2047-1, longer bond lengths were necessary for the same load level (more than 240 mm). Furthermore, an activation procedure by electrical resistive heating was applied, which (i) allowed sufficient heating of the Fe-SMA for activation, (ii) avoided too high instant temperature changes in the glass and (iii) did not affect the required anchorage bond length.
Bildungsforschung als Zugang zur Erschließung gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeit
Authors: Gieseke Wiltrud , Robak Steffi 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel platziert und leitet Programmforschung als eigenständigen Beitrag einer erwachsenenpädagogisch begründeten Bildungsforschung her. Im Zentrum steht die Spezifizierung der Bedeutung von Programmforschung als eine Bildungsforschung, die eine eigenständige Forschungsmethodik entwickelt, komplexe Bildungswirklichkeiten analysiert und diese über pädagogische Begriffsbildungen sichtbar macht und theoretisch entwickelt. Die Reife von Programmforschungen und ihrer Beiträge zur Entfaltung einer disziplinkonstitutiven Bildungsforschung werden anschließend am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Codesystemen und ihrer bildungsrelevanten Bezüge für die zentrale Methode der Programmanalyse sowie an Beispielen der Entwicklung des Forschungsarrangements der Perspektivverschränkung betrachtet.
Who shapes the energy transition? National regulatory styles and societal involvement in renewable energy policy
Authors: Brendler Viktoria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes a comparative perspective on societal involvement in the energy transition that considers (i) both the policymaking and the policy implementation stage as well as (ii) contribution opportunities for different types of actors (corporate actors vs. the public). Contrasting the concept of persistent national regulatory styles with the concept of a shift towards new modes of governance and/or participation, I examine societal involvement in national renewable energy policy following the formulation of the European 20-20-20 targets in Spring of 2007. My main research question is whether the condition of high reform pressure lead to a change in sector-specific regulatory traditions. In a comparative case study, I highlight (1) a corporatist setting with new players (Germany), (2) a large-scale public consultation in the shadow of established interests (France), (3) a liberal approach building on agreements (Netherlands) as well as (4) repeated consultations with paternalistic decision-making (United Kingdom). My results indicate both a persistence of overall regulatory styles as well as limited additions to involved actors and/or utilised formats. Societal involvement in policymaking proved rather inconsequential in most cases under study. Regarding societal contributions to policy implementation, convergence tendencies towards a two-pronged approach, addressing both corporate actors and the public, were observable despite the persistence of differential regulatory styles.
Influences of Reinforcement and Choice Histories on Choice Behavior in Actor-Critic Learning
Authors: Katahira Kentaro , Kimura Kenta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReinforcement learning models have been used in many studies in the fields of neuroscience and psychology to model choice behavior and underlying computational processes. Models based on action values, which represent the expected reward from actions (e.g., Q-learning model), have been commonly used for this purpose. Meanwhile, the actor-critic learning model, in which the policy update and evaluation of an expected reward for a given state are performed in separate systems (actor and critic, respectively), has attracted attention due to its ability to explain the characteristics of various behaviors of living systems. However, the statistical property of the model behavior (i.e., how the choice depends on past rewards and choices) remains elusive. In this study, we examine the history dependence of the actor-critic model based on theoretical considerations and numerical simulations while considering the similarities with and differences from Q-learning models. We show that in actor-critic learning, a specific interaction between past reward and choice, which differs from Q-learning, influences the current choice. We also show that actor-critic learning predicts qualitatively different behavior from Q-learning, as the higher the expectation is, the less likely the behavior will be chosen afterwards. This study provides useful information for inferring computational and psychological principles from behavior by clarifying how actor-critic learning manifests in choice behavior.
Nanorod-like nanocrystalline CsSnI3 and CNT composite thin film–based hybrid photodetector
Authors: Howlader Ashraful Hossain , Li Feng , Zheng Rongkun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn experimental detail on the morphology engineering and characterizations of the all-inorganic Sn-based perovskite (here CsSnI3) thin films and their application in photodetectors are presented. In particular, we demonstrated that the chlorobenzene anti-solvent treatment during thin-film spin coating could effectively optimize the morphology properties of the obtained CsSnI3 thin film. SEM and AFM measurements showed the uniform thin film with nanorod-like nanocrystalline morphology. In addition, EDS and XPS measurements confirmed the low level of oxidation of the thin film, indicating good ambient stability. A planar photodetector was also made with the prepared thin film, and electrical characteristics were taken. The dark current and photocurrent were found in the range of 10−9 A and 10−7 A, respectively, with an on/off ratio of 102. The photoresponsivity was 10−5 AW−1. A further experiment was conducted to make composite thin films between CsSnI3 and CNTs for additional morphological engineering. The SEM measurement and Raman mapping manifested the nanonet-like morphology of the composite thin film. The quenching of the photoluminescence curve indicated the efficient photo-generated carrier extraction from the CsSnI3 matrix to CNTs. The absorption spectra also showed enhanced absorption ability of the prepared composite thin film. A hybrid photodetector made from the composite thin film showed dark current and photocurrent in the range of 10−6 A and 10−4 A, respectively, with an on/off ratio of 102. The photoresponsivity was 10−2 AW−1. Due to the combination of the CNTs with CsSnI3, the photoresponsivity increased 1000 times. At the same time, the hysteresis of the hybrid photodetector also reduced significantly compared to the pristine CsSnI3-based photodetector.
Rewild My Heart: With Pedagogies of Love, Kindness and the Sun and Moon
Authors: Costello Eamon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pressing problems we face from wars to pandemics erupt against the less dramatic background of the mundane continued destruction of our planet as a habitable realm. In education, technology can be environmentally destructive in a variety of ways. Educators may feel the urge to address these matters but we also know that EdTech solutionism can create new problems as fast as it fixes old ones. Something in the urgency of the fix may be the problem. It may be that we are too desperate to fill a hole in the world that we only see through a hole in ourselves. Hence, in order to truly escape our colonised and domesticated fates, we need to rewild our very thinking. We need to examine the underlying emotional tones and waves that cause us to act as we do against our own interests and that of our planet. This conundrum is explored here through the device of storytelling using a multimodal speculative auto-ethnography to push into realms beyond mere utility and out into conceptual wilds. No fixes or solutions are offered here for the planet. Lifeless celestial objects such as the sun and moon loom large by contrast. Both have walk-on parts in this tale, and watch us as we watch them, with whatever love and kindness we can.
Readability assessment of patient educational materials for pediatric spinal deformity from top academic orthopedic institutions
Authors: Michel Christopher , Dijanic Christopher , Abdelmalek George , Sudah Suleiman , Kerrigan Daniel , Gorgy George , Yalamanchili Praveen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudy designCross-sectional analysis of patient educational materials from top pediatric orthopedic hospital websites.ObjectiveTo assess the readability of online educational materials of top pediatric orthopedic hospital websites for pediatric spinal deformity.Summary of background dataThe internet has become an increasingly popular source of health information for patients and their families. Healthcare experts recommend that the readability of online education materials be at or below a 6th-grade reading level. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the readability of online education materials on various orthopedic topics is too advanced for the average patient. To date, the readability of online education materials for pediatric spinal deformity has not been analyzed.MethodsOnline patient education materials from the top 25 pediatric orthopedic institutions, as ranked by the U.S. News and World Report hospitals for pediatric orthopedics, were accessed utilizing the following readability assessments: Flesch–Kincaid (FK), Flesch Reading Ease, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman–Liau Index, Simple Measure of the Gobbledygook Index (SMOG), Automated Readability Index, FORCAST, and the New Dale and Chall Readability. Correlations between academic institutional ranking, geographic location, and the use of concomitant multi-media modalities with FK scores were evaluated using a Spearman regression.ResultsOnly 48% (12 of 25) of top pediatric orthopedic hospitals provided online information regarding pediatric spinal deformity at or below a 6th-grade reading level. The mean FK score was 9.0 ± 2.7, Flesch Reading Ease 50.8 ± 15.6, Gunning Fog Score 10.6 ± 3.1, Coleman–Liau Index 11.6 ± 2.6, SMOG index 11.7 ± 2.0, Automated Readability Index 8.6 ± 2.8, and Dale–Chall Readability Score 6.4 ± 1.4. There was no significant correlation between institutional ranking, geographic location, or use of multimedia with FK scores.ConclusionOnline educational material for pediatric spinal deformity from top pediatric orthopedic institutional websites are associated with poor readability.
Environmental cleaning and disinfection: Sustaining changed practice and improving quality in the community hospital
Authors: Parry Michael F. , Sestovic Merima , Renz Christopher , Pangan Abegail , Grant Brenda , Shah Asha K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Short-term improvements in hospital room cleaning can readily be achieved but are difficult to maintain. This is particularly true for high-risk, “high-touch” surfaces. Therefore, we embarked on a process to sustain improvements in surface cleaning and disinfection to reduce hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates.

Interventions:
Our environmental services (EVS) and infection prevention departments incorporated a formal education, monitoring, and feedback process for focused cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces into their routine policies and procedures in 2011. Cleaning validation was performed by infection prevention liaison nurses using a fluorescent targeting method to evaluate the thoroughness of cleaning.

Results:
Surface cleaning performance on medical-surgical units in 2011 was 74.7%, but this rate incrementally increased in response to the interventions and has been sustained at >90% for the past 6 years. Similar patterns of improvement were observed in the operating room, labor and delivery, endoscopy suite and cardiac catheterization laboratory. Conversely, HAI rates, particularly C. difficile rates, decreased by 75% and surgical site infection rates decreased by 55%.

Conclusions:
EVS training, monitoring, and feedback interventions, instituted 10 years ago have enhanced our environmental cleaning and disinfection efforts in multiple areas of the hospital and have been sustained to the present. Although other concurrent initiatives to reduce infection rates also existed, the improvements in environmental cleaning were associated with dramatic reductions in HAI rates over the 10-year period.
Development and initial validation of a multivariable predictive Early Adversity Scale for Schizophrenia (EAS-Sz) using register data to quantify environmental risk for adult schizophrenia diagnosis after childhood exposure to adversity
Authors: Di Prinzio Patsy , Björk Jonas , Valuri Giulietta , Ambrosi Taryn , Croft Maxine , Morgan Vera A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdditional to a child's genetic inheritance, environmental exposures are associated with schizophrenia. Many are broadly described as childhood adversity; modelling the combined impact of these is complex. We aimed to develop and validate a scale on childhood adversity, independent of genetic and other environmental liabilities, for use in schizophrenia risk analysis models, using data from cross-linked electronic health and social services registers.MethodA cohort of N = 428 970 Western Australian children born 1980–2001 was partitioned into three samples: scale development sample (N = 171 588), and two scale validation samples (each N = 128 691). Measures of adversity were defined before a child's 10th birthday from five domains: discontinuity in parenting, family functioning, family structure, area-level socioeconomic/demographic environment and family-level sociodemographic status. Using Cox proportional hazards modelling of follow-up time from 10th birthday to schizophrenia diagnosis or censorship, weighted combinations of measures were firstly developed into scales for each domain, then combined into a final global scale. Discrimination and calibration performance were validated using Harrell's C and graphical assessment respectively.ResultsA weighted combination of 42 measures of childhood adversity was derived from the development sample. Independent application to identical measures in validation samples produced Harrell's Concordance statistics of 0.656 and 0.624. Average predicted time to diagnosis curves corresponded with 95% CI limits of observed Kaplan–Meier curves in five prognostic categories.ConclusionsOur Early Adversity Scale for Schizophrenia (EAS-Sz), the first using routinely collected register data, predicts schizophrenia diagnosis above chance, and has potential to help untangle contributions of genetic and environmental liability to schizophrenia risk.
Relational Care, Dementia, and Communication Challenges in Long-Term Care: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Novy Christine , Thomas Roanne , Grassau Pamela , Gifford Wendy , Hosseini Marjan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFew studies examine care as a relational process in long-term care, and still fewer describe the participation of residents with dementia. In this article, our objective was to understand the development of knowledge in this area by means of a meta-ethnography. Our search and selection process resulted in six eligible articles. Each documents a qualitative study of resident–staff interactions during care activities in a residential care setting, and includes participants with dementia. Tronto’s 4 Phases of Care were used to guide the identification of relational care practices within the articles selected. We identified five translatable concepts across the six studies: (1) doing with versus doing for, (2) staff responsiveness, (3) resident agency, (4) inclusive communication, and (5) time. In our new configuration of relational care, we combine these concepts to delineate an “interactive space” in which the agency of residents and initiative of staff are equally visible.
The Annual Global Incidence Rate of Extreme Weather Event Disasters Appears Positively Correlated with World GDP, 1961–2020
Authors: Keim Mark E. , Smith Thomas More , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:This study compared the per capita annual global incidence rate of disasters caused by natural hazards with the annual world real gross domestic product, GDP (per global capita), as reported during 1961 through 2020.Methods:Sixty (60) values for the world real GDP per global capita (in constant 2015 $USD) were compared to corresponding annual values for global incidence rates for five natural disaster subgroups and then for a total of twelve individual disaster types that comprise the subgroups; each expressed as an annual global incidence rate (in terms of annual incidence per 100,000 persons). Calculations of multiple linear regression, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were performed for comparing population-adjusted values for GDP to corresponding values.Results:Four out of five hydrological and meteorological disasters were found to have a positive correlation with GDP. Results of the analysis revealed a relatively high degree of correlation between world GDP and the annual incidence of flood and storm disasters (P = 6.21 × 10−10 and P = 4.23 × 10−4, respectively). The annual incidence of heat waves and cold weather disasters also appeared to correlate with GDP (P = .002 and P = .019, respectively). In comparison, wet landslides indicated no such correlation (P = .862). No significant associations were found among the seven other individual biological, climatological, and geophysical disasters and GDP.Conclusion:The global incidence of four extreme weather (hydrometeorological) disasters appear to be positively associated with world real GDP during 1961-2020. These findings contradict previous postulates that the risk of disaster incidence is inversely associated with the capacity of the population.