bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of acid–base imbalances, clinicopathologic alterations, and prognostic factors in hospitalized calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea
Authors: Urgibl-Bauer Andrea , Lorch Annette , Badura Dana , Zablotski Yury , Constable Peter D. , Trefz Florian M. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAfter the neonatal period Eimeriosis is one of the most common causes of large intestinal diarrhea in calves. In contrast to neonatal calves with diarrhea, there are very few reports about the clinicopathological alterations in affected animals, which are mainly based on experimental data. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize acid–base and related clinicopathologic alterations in calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea and to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical and clinicopathologic findings extracted from medical records of 118 calves aged 1 to 5 months admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital.ResultsSeverely affected calves were profoundly hyponatremic and hypochloremic, with a strong correlation between plasma sodium and chloride concentrations (Spearman’s rs = 0.90). Acidemia was found in 57.6% of calves and was associated with hyperphosphatemia, hyper-L-lactatemia, and the presence of unidentified strong ions. Forty-seven calves (39.8%) did not survive to hospital discharge. Classification tree analysis indicated that hospital mortality was associated with plasma ionized calcium concentrations &lt;1.05 mmol/L, initial leukocyte counts &gt;16 × 109 cells/L, and a poor or cachectic body condition. The resulting sensitivity and specificity for predicting non-survival of this model was 59.6 and 90.1%, respectively. In addition to plasma ionized calcium [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.011] and leukocyte concentrations (OR = 1.08), recumbency (OR = 6.1), albumin (OR = 0.90), and decreased strong ion difference (OR = 0.91) were associated with mortality in a second modeling approach (sensitivity 78.7%, specificity 71.8%).ConclusionCalves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea can develop profound clinicopathologic derangements. The identified prognostic factors suggest that advanced disease severity, indicated by an inability to stand and reduced body condition, is associated with a lower chance of survival.
Uveitis and blindness in a closed herd of Equidae following leptospiral infection
Authors: Gerras J. , Young K. , Roberts D. , Waldman G. , Salmon J. H. , Gilger B. C. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo describe the ocular findings, chronology of disease, and serum leptospiral titers in a group of horses, mules, and donkeys following an outbreak of leptospirosis.MethodsFifty Equidae in central North Carolina had ophthalmic examinations and serum leptospiral microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titers performed every 3–6 months for 24 months followed by a final examination at 34 months.ResultsThroughout the nearly three-year study period, 17 horses (34%; 17/49 horses) developed signs of uveitis; 20 eyes (20/34; 58.8%) of these 17 horses were visual at the initial examination, but only four eyes (11.8%) remained visual at the final examination. Serum titers (serogroups Pomona and Bratislava) in horses with uveitis were significantly elevated compared to Equidae without uveitis (p &lt; 0.02). In the 32 horses, donkeys, and mules that did not develop uveitis, a subgroup of 11 horses and one donkey had negative or low serum leptospiral titers (titers ≤1:800) while a second subgroup of 16 horses, three mules, and one donkey had high leptospiral titers (&gt;1:800) but never developed uveitis. Water sources in the pasture were found to have high levels of leptospira.ConclusionApproximately 1/3 of horses on a farm exposed to Leptospira developed uveitis and blindness. Serum titers to L. Pomona and L. Bratislava were significantly elevated in horses with uveitis. However, despite exposure, some horses, even with very high serum titers, never developed ocular disease. These data indicates that further research is warranted to investigate the genetic and immunological aspects of the pathogenesis and susceptibility of leptospiral-associated uveitis.
Bees on the run: Nosema spp. (Microsporidia) in Apis mellifera and related products, Italy
Authors: Sgroi Giovanni , D’Auria Luigi Jacopo , Lucibelli Maria Gabriella , Mancusi Andrea , Proroga Yolande Thérèsa Rose , Esposito Mauro , Rea Simona , Signorelli Daniel , Gargano Federica , D’Alessio Nicola , Manoj Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari , Khademi Peyman , Rofrano Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe decline of the European/western honeybee (Apis mellifera) population is on account of a plethora of microorganisms, such as Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, two microsporidian fungi responsible of nosemosis that affects welfare and production of the bee industry. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the presence of both pathogens in bees, pollen and honey from apiaries in Southwestern Italy.MethodsFrom March to July 2022 and 2023, apiaries (n = 10) were selected and classified as High Impact Areas (HIAs, n = 5) and Low Impact Areas (LIAs, n = 5) according to a 5-point environmental risk index based on factors affecting bee health sand related productions. Bee, pollen and honey samples, were collected and tested for Nosema spp. DNA by specific PCR protocols targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Signs/symptoms of nosemosis were monitored and collected by the cooperation of beekeepers.ResultsOut of 10 apiaries, 6 (i.e., 60%, 95% CI: 31.3–83.2) tested positive for at least one sample to Nosema spp. DNA, being 2 positives for N. apis, 2 for N. ceranae and 2 co-infected (i.e., 20%, 5.7–51.0). Based on the biological samples, honey was positive for N. apis in one apiary, pollen for N. ceranae in two apiaries, and bees for N. apis in 3 apiaries, N. ceranae in 1 apiary, and both species in 1 apiary. In all the apiaries positive to N. apis and N. ceranae, high mortality and low honey production were observed. A higher risk of infection was observed in apiaries from HIAs (OR = 6.00). The sequences of N. apis and N. ceranae had 99.5–100% homology with those in the GenBank database. Whereas all sequences of N. apis were identical to each other, four sequences types of N. ceranae characterized by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. The computation of polymorphisms revealed high haplotype diversity (i.e., Hd = 1.000) and low nucleotide diversity (i.e., Pi = 0.00913) of N. ceranae sequence types.DiscussionThis study reveals a high circulation of N. apis and N. ceranae in Southwestern Italy, indicating the need for improved monitoring of these microsporidia to protect bee welfare and bee industry.
Exploring Spatial Inequalities in COVID-19 Mortality and Their Association With Multidimensional Poverty in Colombia: A Spatial Analysis Study
Authors: Birchenall-Jiménez Claudia , Jiménez-Barbosa Wilson Giovanni , Riascos-Ochoa Javier , Cosenz Federico 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe objective is to examine spatial inequalities in COVID-19 mortality rates in Colombia in relation to the spatial distribution of multidimensional poverty.MethodsA retrospective spatial epidemiological study was conducted in Colombia from 2020 to 2022. Spatial statistics such as Moran’s I index, LISA analysis, and simultaneous autoregressive conditional (SAC) regression models were used.ResultsThe Moran’s I index for different years was as follows: 2020: 0.3 (p = 0.0001), 2021: 0.27 (p = 0.0001), and 2022: 0.26 (p = 0.0001). In 2020, the significant variables were low educational achievement, barriers to early childhood care, child labor, school non-attendance, informal employment, lack of health insurance, inadequate floor material, and critical overcrowding. In 2021, the significant variables were low educational achievement, critical overcrowding, inadequate excreta disposal, and lack of access to water sources. In 2022, the significant variables were school lag and inadequate excreta disposal.ConclusionThis study revealed that in Colombia, a series of socioeconomic and health factors are interconnected and contribute to COVID-19 mortality. These changes may reflect various socioeconomic, political, and environmental dynamics that shifted during the pandemic years.
Anti-ceramide antibody and sphingosine-1-phosphate as potential biomarkers of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bűdi Lilla , Hammer Dániel , Varga Rita , Müller Veronika , Tárnoki Ádám Domonkos , Tárnoki Dávid László , Mészáros Martina , Bikov András , Horváth Péter 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesSpingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that influence cancer cell fate. Anti-ceramide antibodies might inhibit the effects of ceramide. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of circulating S1P and anti-ceramide antibody as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe recruited 66 subjects (34 controls and 32 patients with NSCLC). Patient history and clinical variables were taken from all participants. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate plasma biomarkers. If bronchoscopy was performed, bronchial washing fluid (BWF) was also analyzed. We measured the levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody with ELISA.ResultsS1P levels were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (3770.99 ± 762.29 ng/mL vs. 366.53 ± 249.38 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Anti-ceramide antibody levels were significantly elevated in the NSCLC group (278.70 ± 19.26 ng/mL vs. 178.60 ± 18 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p = 0.007). Age or BMI had no significant effect on anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels. BWF samples had higher levels of anti-ceramide antibody (155.29 ± 27.58 ng/mL vs. 105.87 ± 9.99 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Overall survival (OS) was 13.36 months. OS was not affected by anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels.ConclusionHigher levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody were associated with active cancer. These results suggest that sphingolipid alterations might be important features of NSCLC.
On the Static Stability and Seakeeping Performance of a Submerged Floating Tunnel Module in Wet Tow
Authors: Lee Ikjae , Jin Chungkuk , Kim Sung-Jae , Kim Moohyun 
Published: January 2025

A case study is conducted for a submerged floating tunnel module (SFTM) in wet tow conditions. Inspired by the successful wet tow operations of spar platforms, a wet tow scenario is examined where a tunnel module, floating horizontally with a half-diameter draft, is towed by tugboats using towlines. To evaluate the static stability of the SFTM during wet tow, numerical static offset tests are performed at varying tow speeds to determine the equivalent system stiffness. These static offset tests consider surge, sway, roll, and yaw motions. Statistical analyses are subsequently performed based on the encounter-frequency approximation with varying equivalent stiffnesses. The most probable extreme motion analysis for 3 h under sea state 4 (HS=2.44 m and TP=8.1 s) shows that the beam sea condition causes the largest heave (0.6 m), and the stern sea (30 deg.) leads to the largest yaw response (0.85 deg.), which is likely to cause an instantaneous decrease in towing stability.
MANFAAT TERAPI BEKAM BASAH DALAM UPAYA PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MILITUS TIPE 2 DI KLINIK HOLISTIC CARE
Authors: Indriani Ninis , Nazmi Annisa Nur 
Published: January 2025

Kadar gula dalam darah yang tinggi akan berdampak komplikai seperti jantung, stroke, infeksi kaki yang berat dan gagal ginjal. Sangat perlu mengendalikan kadar gula yang tinggi untuk menghindari sebuah komplikasi DM. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi bekam basah terhadap penurunan kadar gula pada pasien diabetes melitus di Klinik Holistic Care Kalibaru Banyuwangi tahun 2023. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi exsperimental dengan design one group pretest-postestdengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 responden dan menggunakan tekhnik accidental sampling yang memiliki kadar gula darah tinggi di atas 200mg/dl dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Wilcoxon sign rank p> α = 0,05. Hasil Penelitian diperoleh nilai signifikan p<0,5 maka 0,000 < 0,05 yang bermakna Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan Terapi Bekam Basah Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Klinik Holistic Care. Terapi bekam basah dapat dijadikan alternatif terapi non farmakologi pada seseorang yang memiliki kadar gula darah tinggi sehingga dapat memperbaiki keseimbangan kadar gula dalam darah
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS BANGKALA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Rosnania Rosnania , Afrida Afrida , Nur Muhammad Nur Said 
Published: January 2025

Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan pengobatan TB Paru di Puskesmas Bangkala Kota Makassar.
Metodologi : desain penelitian ini adalah analisis korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 Mei – 20 Juli 2024 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 41 responden dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner.
Hasil Penelitian : Hasil Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan faktor kepatuhan minum obat dengan keberhasilan pengobatan TB Paru dengan p-value 0,000. Tidak Ada hubungan faktor PMO dengan keberhasilan pengobatan TB Paru dengan p-value 0,708. Tidak Ada hubungan faktor ketersediaan obat dengan keberhasilan pengobatan TB Paru dengan p-value 0,708.
OPTIMASI PENGGUNAAN ARANG AKTIF DARI LIMBAH BAGLOG JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) DALAM PENGOLAHAN MINYAK GORENG BEKAS: STUDI PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK
Authors: Ronae Meryam  , Sri Sunarsih*  , Eka Sulistyaningsih  
Published: January 2025

The potential for baglog mushroom waste in Bleberan Village, Playen District, Gunungkidul Regency is very large and has not been utilized properly, as well as the potential for used cooking oil waste. In this research, activated charcoal was made which was used as an adsorbent for free fatty acids in used cooking oil. The characterization of refined cooking oil is carried out based on SNI 7709:2019 including odor, color and free fatty acids. Measurement of the effectiveness of activated charcoal adsorption was carried out by varying the concentration of NaOH activator 1 N, 2 N, 3 N, 4 N, and 5 N, varying the granule size of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mesh, and varying the mass of activated charcoal 2 g, 4 g, 6 g, 8 g and 10 g. The research results showed that optimum conditions were obtained at a NaOH activator concentration of 5 N with a grain size of 100 mesh and an activated charcoal mass of 8 g. In these conditions, used cooking oil experiences an increase in odor quality from abnormal to normal, color from brown to yellow, and a decrease in free fatty acids from 1.73 to 0.27%, so that it meets quality standards according to SNI 7709:2019
ANALISIS KINERJA MESIN AIR JET LOOM PICANOL PAT-A DI PT Z MENGGUNAKAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE)
Authors: Hefni Rosyadi  , Valentina Sri Pertiwi Rumiyati  , Bintan Oktaviani  , Viki Uswatul Khoridah  
Published: January 2025

PT Z produces gray fabric using the Picanol PAT-A Air Jet Loom. In May 2023, the company's efficiency declined, producing 56,432 meters of gray cloth, 73,15% efficiency, and a total grade C of 0,89%. The results fell short of the company's target of 67,800 meters with an 85% minimum efficiency of 85% and a 2% maximum grade C target. To address the low efficiency, research was conducted in June 2023 using overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and six big loss analyses to identify improvement areas. The research method involves direct field observation of the machine monitor and literature study. It begins by measuring machine effectiveness using the OEE method, which includes calculating availability, performance efficiency, and product quality rates, and assessing the six big losses. The average OEE value is 67,28%, below the JIPM standard of >85%. Analysis of six big losses shows reduced speed losses at 39,14, idling and minor stoppage losses at 32, 18%, breakdown losses at 16,61%, and setup and adjustment losses at 11,16%. 16% yield loss at 0,92% and rework losses at 0%. Reduced speed losses are the main factor causing losses due to low engine operational speed below the ideal. Based on a fishbone diagram analysis, the main factor of reduced speed losses is the machine factor, namely the age of the machine 32 years, continuous use, worn machine parts, and difficult to find on the market. To enhance efficiency with modifying spare parts, re-establish a replacement schedule, and document all machine damage events.
SISTEM INFORMASI PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS WEB STUDI KASUS STMIK DIAN CIPTA CENDIKIA
Authors: Ngajiyanto  , Yuli Syafitri  
Published: January 2025

Perpustakaan merupakan salah satu pusat informasi, sumber ilmu, referensi agar mahasiswa dapat mencari suatu informasi dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempermudah anggota perpustakaan dalam melakukan pencarian buku, peminjaman buku, membaca buku, dan mempermudah admin dalam mencetak laporan dengan menggunakan web. Dari data yang penulis amati pada STMIK Dian Cipta Cendikia Kotabumi sehingga dalam pencatatan peminjam buku, pencarian buku, pencatatan anggota sulit untuk ditemukan. beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dengan sistem pelayanan offline antara lain petugas perpustakaan tidak selalu berada di dalam perpustakaan dan juga ruangan yang sempit menyulitkan dalam hal pencarian buku. Demi kenyamanan dan kemudahan bagi para mahasiswa, Perpustakaan STMIK Dian Cipta Cendikia Kotabumi harus mengembangkan fasilitas pelayanan secara online. supaya para mahasiswa dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi yang terdapat pada Perpustakaan STMIK Dian Cipta Cendikia Kotabumi dalam waktu yang tak terbatas tanpa harus datang ke perpustakaan. Dengan adanya masalah ini maka penulis berniat membuat sebuah web perpustakaan untuk kampus STMIK Dian Cipta Cendikia agar mempermudah anggota saat ingin mencari buku atau peminjaman buku danmempermudah admin dalam melakukan pencatatan laporan, pemi njaman, buku, dan anggota. Penulis menggunakan metode Xtreme Programing untuk perancangan web dan sebuah software untuk membuat web seperti XAMPP, Notepad++, UML, CSS, HTML, CSS, PHP dan sebagainya. Sehingga mahasiswa bisa mendapatkan informasi yang diinginkan dengan cepat, kapanpun dan dari manapun. Informasi yang akurat, relevan dan juga tepat waktu. Informasi ini diproses melalui media komputer dan internet.
DETEKSI PENYAKIT DIABETES RETINOPATHY MENGGUNAKAN CITRA DIGITAL DENGAN METODE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN)
Authors: Nurohman  , Rudi Heriansyah  , Dwi Asa Verano  , Zaid Romegar Mair  
Published: January 2025

Diabetic retinopati (DR) merupakan komplikasi serius dari diabetes yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan jika tidak dideteksi dan diobati secara dini. Metode skrining konvensional melibatkan pemeriksaan fundus oleh tenaga medis terlatih membutuhkan waktu dan biaya yang besar. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan deteksi otomatis retinopati diabetik menggunakan citra digital fundus dan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN adalah salah satu arsitektur deep learning, dimanfaatkan untuk secara otomatis mempelajari dan mengekstraksi fitur-fitur dari citra fundus retina. Dataset yang digunakan dalam peroses deteksi dan klasifikasi mempunyai 5 kelas yauitu: mild, moderate, no_DR, proliferative, dan severe. Proses pelatihan citra menggunakan model VGG- 19 dengan pelatihan 100 epoch mendapat hasil akurasi yang cukup baik yaitu 72% dengan jumlah data 3000 citra fundus yang dibagi menjadi 70:30, 70% untuk data train dan 30% untuk data validasi. Hasil diagnosa DR sebanyak x2160 citra dan NDR sebanyak 840 citra. Pada pelatihan menggunakan rasio data 80:20 yaitu 80% data train dan 20% data validasi, rasio ini mendapat hasil akurasi 69% dengan hasil diagnosa DR sebanyak 2070 citra dan NDR sebanyak 930 citra.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHATANI MANGGIS DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Septiadi Dudi 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis biaya dan keuntungan usahatani manggis di Kabupaten lombok Barat; (2) Menganalisis kelayakan finansial usahatani manggis di Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat; dan (3) Mengalisis sensitivitas kelayakan finansial usahatani manggis terhadap perubahan harga jual, biaya produksi, dan produksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik survei. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Lingsar dan Kecamatan Narmada Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Biaya usahatani manggis di Kabupaten Lombok Barat, umur 1 hingga 20 tahun, sebesar Rp 170.045.000/ha, meliputi biaya investasi, dan biaya operasional, dengan penerimaan sebesar Rp 1.232.500.000/ha, maka diperoleh keuntungan Rp 999.782.282/ha selama periode analisis (20 Tahun); (2) Usahatani manggis di Kabupaten Lombok Barat secara finansial layak untuk dikembangkan. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil analisis kelayakan dengan discount factor 8,44% menghasilkan nilai dari kriteria investasi NPV sebesar Rp 229.875.986/ha, IRR 16,6% (> tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku) dan Payback Period 7,3 tahun (kurang dari tahun periode analisis); (3) Analisis sensitivitas usahatani manggis mengalami penurunan produksi 20% menghasilkan nilai NPV Rp 144.473.308/Ha, IRR 14,2% (> tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku) dan PP 8,4 tahun (kurang dari tahun periode analisis), penurunan harga jual 30% menghasilkan nilai NPV Rp 101.771.969/ha, IRR 12,7% (> tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku) dan PP 9,3 tahun (kurang dari tahun periode analisis), dan kenaikan biaya produksi 5,95% menghasilkan nilai NPV Rp 218.146.311/ha, IRR 16% (> tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku) dan PP 7,6 tahun (kurang dari tahun periode analisis) menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan usahatani manggis terhadap perubahan masih layak untuk diusahakan.
PENGARUH E-COMMERCE TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMILIHAN PRODUK DAN PROSES TRANSAKSI OLEH KONSUMEN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Yahya , Sahara Anisa Putri , Dwijaputra Junialdi , Rahmah Siti Yiyis 
Published: January 2025

Covid-19 merupakan suatu kondisi yang hingga kini semakin meningkat, pembatasan sosial adalah upaya mencegah tersebar luasna virus ini. Oleh karena itu, banyak aktifitas terhambat terutama aktifitas bisnis, dan E-Commerce hadir sebagai solusi dalam menghadapi keadaan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh E-Commerce terhadap efektivitas pemilihan produk dan proses transaksi oleh konsumen pada masa pandemi Covid-19 . Waktu penelitian ini dimulai dari Januari hingga bulan Mei 2022. Sebanyak 20 pertanyaan diajukan kepada seluruh responden dan didapat sample sebanyak 318 orang responden dengan menggunakan teknik sampling aksidental. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas dan reliabilitas serta pendekatan model struktural dan model fit dari Software SPSS dan AMOS versi 22. Penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa antar seluruh variabel penelitian ini memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan P-Value 0,05 dan berdasarkan uji hipotesis membuktikan bahwa dari lima hipotesis yang diajukan semua mendapat dukungan atau dapat diterima, yang dibuktikan bahwa adanya indikator serta pengaruh positif dari satu variabel terhadap variabel lainnya dengan nilai setiap CR >1,96 , sehingga penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa adanya pengaruh E-Commerce terhadap efektivitas pemilihan produk dan proses transaksi oleh konsumen pada masa pandemi Covid-19 .