bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1051 EMERGENCY PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION IN NONAGENARIANS: IMPACT OF FRAILTY ON OPERATOR DECISION-MAKING AND PATIENT OUTCOMES
Authors: Mahtani K , Parker M , Wang R B , Maclean E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Complete heart block (CHB) is a time-critical emergency. In frail patients with CHB, the absence of test results or a comprehensive history can challenge operator decision-making; in particular, minimal data exists as to the prognostic impact of single versus dual chamber pacing in this group. In patients over 90 years of age presenting with CHB, we examined the prognostic value of parameters obtained from bedside examination, and analysed the impact of single versus dual chamber pacemakers on mortality.

Method
Data were extracted from 2016–2019. Bedside covariates were age, sex, previous cardiac surgery, atrial rhythm, LV systolic function, syncope at presentation, QRS duration, and Rockwood frailty score. Cox-proportional hazards regression examined associations with all-cause mortality and cardiac death, determined from electronic records and death certificates (adjusted HR, 95% CI).

Results
205 patients were included (age 92.3 ± 2.3 years, 45.4% male). Mortality was 13.8% at 90 days and 27.2% at 27.1 ± 16.7 months. The independent predictors of mortality were pre-procedural QRS duration &gt;130 ms (HR 2.4 (1.4–4.1) p = 0.001), age (HR 1.07 (1.02–1.15) p = 0.004), AF (HR 2.0 (1.1–3.6) p = 0.02), and Rockwood score (HR 1.2 (1.02–2.6), p = 0.043). Sex, syncope at presentation, LV function or previous cardiac surgery did not predict mortality (all p &gt; 0.1). In a subset of 168 patients without AF, 30 (17.8%) received single chamber pacemakers. Whilst these patients were more frail than those receiving dual chamber pacemakers (Rockwood scores: 5.2 ± 1.7 vs 4.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.025), implantation of a single chamber pacemaker was independently associated with cardiac death when adjusting for frailty and co-morbidities (HR 6 (1.4–26.4), p = 0.018).

Conclusion
Nonagenarians undergoing emergency pacemaker implantation have a reasonable prognosis. Data ascertained at the bedside can help predict survival, however—when adjusting for frailty and co-morbidities—dual chamber pacing may confer an independent mortality benefit over single chamber pacing in this group.
DrawTetrado to create layer diagrams of G4 structures
Authors: Zurkowski Michal , Zok Tomasz , Szachniuk Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationQuadruplexes are specific 3D structures found in nucleic acids. Due to the exceptional properties of these motifs, their exploration with the general-purpose bioinformatics methods can be problematic or insufficient. The same applies to visualizing their structure. A hand-drawn layer diagram is the most common way to represent the quadruplex anatomy. No molecular visualization software generates such a structural model based on atomic coordinates.ResultsDrawTetrado is an open-source Python program for automated visualization targeting the structures of quadruplexes and G4-helices. It generates static layer diagrams that represent structural data in a pseudo-3D perspective. The possibility to set color schemes, nucleotide labels, inter-element distances or angle of view allows for easy customization of the output drawing.Availability and implementationThe program is available under the MIT license at https://github.com/RNApolis/drawtetrado.
Early juvenile but not mid-to-late prenatal nutrition controls puberty in heifers but neither impact adult reproductive function
Authors: Maia Tatiane S , Guimarães Higor R , Garza Viviana , Pohler Ky G , Cardoso Rodolfo C , Williams Gary L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives were to test the hypothesis that pre- and post-natal nutrition in the bovine female, independently or interactively, affect age at puberty and functional characteristics of the estrous cycle of sexually mature offspring. Brangus and Braford (n = 97) beef cows bearing a female fetus were fed to achieve body condition scores of 7.5–8 (H, obese), 5.5–6 (M, moderate), or 3–3.5 (L, thin) by the start of the third trimester and maintained until parturition. Heifer offspring were weaned and fed to gain weight at either a high (H; 1 kg/day) or a low (L; 0.5 kg/day) rate between 4 and 8 months of age, then fed the same diet during a common feeding period until puberty, which resulted in compensatory growth of heifers in the L group. Heifers (n = 95) from the H postnatal diet reached puberty 2 months earlier (12 ± 0.4 months; P = 0.0002) than those from the L postnatal diet (14 ± 0.4 months). Estrous cycles of a subgroup of postpubertal heifers (n = 53) were synchronized to evaluate antral follicle count (AFC), rate of growth and size of the pre-ovulatory follicle, size of corpus luteum and ovary, endometrial thickness, and plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17β (E2). Although there was a trend for postnatal H heifers to have greater AFC and plasma concentrations of E2 compared to L heifers, neither pre- nor post-natal nutrition affected any other physiological or hormonal variables, including short-term fertility. Postnatal nutritional effects on pubertal age remained the dominant observed feature.
Myocardial brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates cardiac bioenergetics through the transcription factor Yin Yang 1
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Manling , Xie Bingxian , Peng Zishan , Manning Janet R , Zimmerman Raymond , Wang Qin , Wei An-chi , Khalifa Moustafa , Reynolds Michael , Jin Jenny , Om Matthew , Zhu Guangshuo , Bedja Djahida , Jiang Hong , Jurczak Michael , Shiva Sruti , Scott Iain , O’Rourke Brian , Kass David A , Paolocci Nazareno , Feng Ning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is markedly decreased in heart failure patients. Both BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor (TrkB), are expressed in cardiomyocytes; however, the role of myocardial BDNF signalling in cardiac pathophysiology is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of BDNF/TrkB signalling in cardiac stress response to exercise and pathological stress.

Methods and results
We found that myocardial BDNF expression was increased in mice with swimming exercise but decreased in a mouse heart failure model and human failing hearts. Cardiac-specific TrkB knockout (cTrkB KO) mice displayed a blunted adaptive cardiac response to exercise, with attenuated upregulation of transcription factor networks controlling mitochondrial biogenesis/metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). In response to pathological stress (transaortic constriction, TAC), cTrkB KO mice showed an exacerbated heart failure progression. The downregulation of PGC-1α in cTrkB KO mice exposed to exercise or TAC resulted in decreased cardiac energetics. We further unravelled that BDNF induces PGC-1α upregulation and bioenergetics through a novel signalling pathway, the pleiotropic transcription factor Yin Yang 1.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings suggest that myocardial BDNF plays a critical role in regulating cellular energetics in the cardiac stress response.
Intra-abdominal septic complications after ileocolic resection increases risk for endoscopic and surgical postoperative Crohn’s disease recurrence
Authors: Bachour Salam P , Shah Ravi S , Rieder Florian , Qazi Taha , Achkar Jean Paul , Philpott Jessica , Lashner Bret , Holubar Stefan D , Lightner Amy L , Barnes Edward L , Axelrad Jordan , Regueiro Miguel , Click Benjamin , Cohen Benjamin L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Postoperative recurrence [POR] of Crohn’s disease following ileocolonic resection is common. The impact of immediate postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications [IASC] on endoscopic and surgical recurrence has not been elucidated.

Aims
To evaluate if IASC is associated with an increased risk for endoscopic and surgical POR.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of adult Crohn’s disease patients undergoing ileocolonic resection with primary anastomosis between 2009 and 2020. IASC was defined as anastomotic leak or intra-abdominal abscess within 90 days of the date of surgery. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard modelling were performed to assess the impact of IASC on endoscopic POR [modified Rutgeerts’ score ≥ i2b] at index postoperative ileocolonoscopy and long-term surgical recurrence.

Results
In 535 Crohn’s disease patients [median age 35 years, 22.1% active smokers, 35.7% one or more prior resection] had an ileocolonic resection with primary anastomosis. A minority of patients [N = 47; 8.8%] developed postoperative IASC. In total, 422 [78.9%] patients had one or more postoperative ileocolonoscopies, of whom 163 [38.6%] developed endoscopic POR. After adjusting for other risk factors for postoperative recurrence, postoperative IASC was associated with significantly greater odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.45 [1.23–4.97]; p = 0.01) and decreased time (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]: 1.60 [1.04–2.45]; p = 0.03] to endoscopic POR. Furthermore, IASC was associated with increased risk (aOR: 2.3 [1.04–4.87] p = 0.03) and decreased survival-free time [aHR: 2.53 [1.31–4.87]; p = 0.006] for surgical recurrence.

Conclusion
IASC is associated with an increased risk for endoscopic and surgical POR of Crohn’s disease. Preoperative optimization to prevent IASC, in addition to postoperative biological prophylaxis, may help reduce the risk for endoscopic and surgical POR.
Expression Analysis in a Dispersal-Fecundity Polyphenism Identifies Growth Regulators and Effectors
Authors: Angelini David R , Steele Joshua L , Yorsz Michael C , O'Brien Devin M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polyphenism allows organisms to respond to varying environmental conditions by adopting alternative collections of morphological traits, often leading to different reproductive strategies. In many insects, polyphenism affecting the development of flight trades dispersal ability for increased fecundity. The soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) exhibits wing polyphenism in response to juvenile nutritional resources and cohort density. Development of full-length wings and flight-capable thoracic muscles occurs more frequently in cohorts raised under low food density conditions, and these features are correlated to reduced female fecundity. Soapberry bugs represent an example of polyphenic dispersal-fecundity trade-off. Short-wing development is not sex-limited, and morphs can also differ in male fertility. We have previously shown, via a candidate gene approach, that manipulation of insulin signaling can alter the threshold for nutritional response and that changes in the activity of this pathway underlie, at least in part, differences in the polyphenic thresholds in different host-adapted populations of J. haematoloma. We now expand the examination of this system using transcriptome sequencing across a multidimensional matrix of life stage, tissue, sex, food density, and host population. We also examine the use of wing and thorax shape as factors modeling gene expression. In addition to insulin signaling, we find that components of the TOR, Hippo, Toll, and estrogen-related receptor pathways are differentially expressed in the thorax of polyphenic morphs. The transcription factor Sox14 was one of the few genes differentially expressed in the gonads of morphs, being up-regulated in ovaries. We identify two transcription factors as potential mediators of morph-specific male fertility differences. We also find that bugs respond to nutrient limitation with expression of genes linked to cuticle structure and spermatogenesis. These findings provide a broad perspective from which to view this nutrition-dependent polyphenism.
Independence Inheritance and Diophantine Approximation for Systems of Linear Forms
Authors: Allen Demi , Ramírez Felipe A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe classical Khintchine–Groshev theorem is a generalization of Khintchine’s theorem on simultaneous Diophantine approximation, from approximation of points in ${\mathbb {R}}^m$ to approximation of systems of linear forms in ${\mathbb {R}}^{nm}$. In this paper, we present an inhomogeneous version of the Khintchine–Groshev theorem that does not carry a monotonicity assumption when $nm&gt;2$. Our results bring the inhomogeneous theory almost in line with the homogeneous theory, where it is known by a result of Beresnevich and Velani [11] that monotonicity is not required when $nm&gt;1$. That result resolved a conjecture of Beresneich et al. [5], and our work resolves almost every case of the natural inhomogeneous generalization of that conjecture. Regarding the two cases where $nm=2$, we are able to remove monotonicity by assuming extra divergence of a measure sum, akin to a linear forms version of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture. When $nm=1$, it is known by work of Duffin and Schaeffer [16] that the monotonicity assumption cannot be dropped. The key new result is an independence inheritance phenomenon; the underlying idea is that the sets involved in the $((n+k)\times m)$-dimensional Khintchine–Groshev theorem ($k\geq 0$) are always $k$-levels more probabilistically independent than the sets involved the $(n\times m)$-dimensional theorem. Hence, it is shown that Khintchine’s theorem itself underpins the Khintchine–Groshev theory.
Beauville–Voisin Filtrations on Zero-Cycles of Moduli Space of Stable Sheaves on K3 Surfaces
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Ruxuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Beauville–Voisin conjecture predicts the existence of a filtration on a projective hyper-Kähler manifold opposite to the conjectural Bloch–Beilinson filtration, called the Beauville–Voisin filtration. In [13], Voisin has introduced a filtration on zero-cycles of an arbitrary projective hyper-Kähler manifold. On the moduli space of stable objects on a projective K3 surface, there are other candidates constructed by Shen–Yin–Zhao and Barros–Flapan–Marian–Silversmith in [1, 10] and more recently by Vial in [11] from a different point of view. According to the work in [11], all of them are proved to be equivalent except Voisin’s filtration. In this paper, we show that Voisin’s filtration is the same as the other filtrations. As an application, we prove a conjecture in [1].
Designing and Evaluating Iconic Gestures for Child-Robot Second Language Learning
Authors: de Wit Jan , Willemsen Bram , de Haas Mirjam , van den Berghe Rianne , Leseman Paul , Oudgenoeg-Paz Ora , Verhagen Josje , Vogt Paul , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we examine the process of designing robot-performed iconic hand gestures in the context of a long-term study into second language tutoring with children of approximately 5 years old. We explore four factors that may relate to their efficacy in supporting second language tutoring: the age of participating children; differences between gestures for various semantic categories, e.g. measurement words, such as small, versus counting words, such as five; the quality (comprehensibility) of the robot’s gestures; and spontaneous reenactment or imitation of the gestures. Age was found to relate to children’s learning outcomes, with older children benefiting more from the robot’s iconic gestures than younger children, particularly for measurement words. We found no conclusive evidence that the quality of the gestures or spontaneous reenactment of said gestures related to learning outcomes. We further propose several improvements to the process of designing and implementing a robot’s iconic gesture repertoire.
Artistic Motives in Korean Art Traditions: Self-Cultivation, Self-Enjoyment, and Self-Forgetting
Authors: Choi Dobin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this essay, I discuss Korean artists’ multi-layered, internal motives for engaging in artistic practices: their artistic devotion derives from their desires for moral self-cultivation, self-enjoyment, and self-forgetting. I speculate that these tendencies were intensified in Korean cultural traditions by distinctive sociopolitical circumstances of the Joseon period under the dominance of Neo-Confucianism, such as a fixed social hierarchy and Sino-centrist perspectives. This interpretation provides a useful lens for better understanding contemporary Korean artistic practices in both the fine and popular arts.
Linking the brightest stellar streams with the accretion history of Milky Way like galaxies
Authors: Vera-Casanova Alex , Gómez Facundo A , Monachesi Antonela , Gargiulo Ignacio , Pallero Diego , Grand Robert J J , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger , Simpson Christine M , Frenk Carlos S , Morales Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
According to the current galaxy-formation paradigm, mergers and interactions play an important role in shaping present-day galaxies. The remnants of this merger activity can be used to constrain galaxy-formation models. In this work, we use a sample of 30 hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way mass haloes, from the AURIGA project, to generate surface brightness maps and search for the brightest stream in each halo as a function of varying limiting magnitude. We find that none of the models shows signatures of stellar streams at $\mu _{r}^{\lim} \le 25$ mag arcsec−2. The stream detection increases significantly between 28 and 29 mag arcsec−2. Nevertheless, even at 31 mag arcsec−2, 13 per cent of our models show no detectable streams. We study the properties of the brightest streams progenitors (BSPs). We find that BSPs are accreted within a broad range of infall times, from 1.6 to 10 Gyr ago, with only 25 per cent accreted within the last 5 Gyrs; thus, most BSPs correspond to relatively early accretion events. We also find that 37 per cent of the BSPs survive to the present day. The median infall times for surviving and disrupted BSPs are 5.6 and 6.7 Gyr, respectively. We find a clear relation between infall time and infall mass of the BSPs, such that more massive progenitors tend to be accreted at later times. However, we find that the BSPs are not, in most cases, the dominant contributor to the accreted stellar halo of each galaxy.
All-fibre wavefront sensor
Authors: Wright T A , Yerolatsitis S , Harrington K , Harris R J , Birks T A 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on a tapered three-core optical fibre that can be used as a tip–tilt wavefront sensor. In this device, a coupled region of a few millimetres at the sensing tip of the fibre converts fragile phase information from an incoming wavefront into robust intensity information within each of the cores. The intensity information can be easily converted to linear wavefront error over small ranges, making it ideal for closed loop systems. The sensor uses minimal information to infer tip–tilt and is compatible with remote detector arrays. We explore its application within adaptive optics and present a validation case to show its applicability to astronomy.
Protective effect of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) on kidney function and filtration barrier injury in a porcine model of partial nephrectomy
Authors: Brignone Juan , Jensen Mia , Jensen Boye L , Assersen Kasper Bostlund , Goetze Jens P , Jødal Lars , Andersen Trine Borup , Magnusdottir Sigriður Olga , Kloster Brian , Jønler Morten , Lund Lars 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTKidney surgery often includes organ ischaemia with a risk of acute kidney injury. The present study tested if treatment with the combined angiotensin II–angiotensin II receptor type 1 and neprilysin blocker Entresto (LCZ696, sacubitril/valsartan) protects filtration barrier and kidney function after ischaemia and partial nephrectomy (PN) in pigs. Single kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by technetium-99m diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate clearance was validated (n = 6). Next, four groups of pigs were followed for 15 days (n = 24) after PN (one-third right kidney, 60 min ischaemia) + Entresto (49/51 mg/day; n = 8), PN + vehicle (n = 8), sham + Entresto (49/51 mg/day; n = 4) and sham + vehicle (n = 4). GFR, diuresis and urinary albumin were measured at baseline and from each kidney after 15 days. The sum of single-kidney GFR (right 25 ± 6 mL/min, left 31 ± 7 mL/min) accounted for the total GFR (56 ± 14 mL/min). Entresto had no effect on baseline blood pressure, p-creatinine, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), heart rate and diuresis. After 15 days, Entresto increased GFR in the uninjured kidney (+23 ± 6 mL/min, P &lt; .05) and reduced albuminuria from both kidneys. In the sham group, plasma MR-proANP was not altered by Entresto; it increased to similar levels 2 h after surgery with and without Entresto. Fractional sodium excretion increased with Entresto. Kidney histology and kidney injury molecule-1 in cortex tissue were not different. In conclusion, Entresto protects the filtration barrier and increases the functional adaptive response of the uninjured kidney.
Ovarian Function Suppression: A Deeper Consideration of the Role in Early Breast Cancer and its Potential Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Consensus Statement from an International Expert Panel
Authors: Arboleda Bolivar , Bartsch Rupert , de Azambuja Evandro , Hamilton Erika , Harbeck Nadia , Klemp Jennifer , Knauer Michael , Kuemmel Sherko , Mahtani Reshma , Schwartzberg Lee , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Wolff Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It has been suggested that the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) early breast cancer may be related, at least in part, to CT-induced ovarian function suppression (OFS) in this subgroup of patients. Although this hypothesis has not been directly tested in large randomized clinical trials, the observations from prospective studies have been remarkably consistent in showing a late benefit of CT among the subgroup of patients who benefit (ie, women who were close to menopause). The hypothesis has important clinical implications, as it may be possible to spare the associated adverse effects of adjuvant CT in a select group of women with early breast cancer, in favor of optimizing OFS and endocrine therapy (ET), without compromising clinical outcomes. Such an approach has the added benefit of preserving the key quality of life outcomes in premenopausal women, particularly by preventing the irreversible loss of ovarian function that may result from CT use. For this reason, we convened an international panel of clinical experts in breast cancer treatment to discuss the key aspects of the available data in this area, as well as the potential clinical implications for patients. This article summarizes the results of these discussions and presents the consensus opinion of the panel regarding optimizing the use of OFS for premenopausal women with HR+, HER2− early breast cancer.