bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine and terrestrial nitrifying bacteria are sources of diverse bacteriohopanepolyols
Authors: Elling Felix J. , Evans Thomas W. , Nathan Vinitra , Hemingway Jordon D. , Kharbush Jenan J. , Bayer Barbara , Spieck Eva , Husain Fatima , Summons Roger E. , Pearson Ann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHopanoid lipids, bacteriohopanols and bacteriohopanepolyols, are membrane components exclusive to bacteria. Together with their diagenetic derivatives, they are commonly used as biomarkers for specific bacterial groups or biogeochemical processes in the geologic record. However, the sources of hopanoids to marine and freshwater environments remain inadequately constrained. Recent marker gene studies suggest a widespread potential for hopanoid biosynthesis in marine bacterioplankton, including nitrifying (i.e., ammonia‐ and nitrite‐oxidizing) bacteria. To explore their hopanoid biosynthetic capacities, we studied the distribution of hopanoid biosynthetic genes in the genomes of cultivated and uncultivated ammonia‐oxidizing (AOB), nitrite‐oxidizing (NOB), and complete ammonia‐oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, finding that biosynthesis of diverse hopanoids is common among seven of the nine presently cultivated clades of nitrifying bacteria. Hopanoid biosynthesis genes are also conserved among the diverse lineages of bacterial nitrifiers detected in environmental metagenomes. We selected seven representative NOB isolated from marine, freshwater, and engineered environments for phenotypic characterization. All tested NOB produced diverse types of hopanoids, with some NOB producing primarily diploptene and others producing primarily bacteriohopanepolyols. Relative and absolute abundances of hopanoids were distinct among the cultures and dependent on growth conditions, such as oxygen and nitrite limitation. Several novel nitrogen‐containing bacteriohopanepolyols were tentatively identified, of which the so called BHP‐743.6 was present in all NOB. Distinct carbon isotopic signatures of biomass, hopanoids, and fatty acids in four tested NOB suggest operation of the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle in Nitrospira spp. and Nitrospina gracilis and of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle for carbon fixation in Nitrobacter vulgaris and Nitrococcus mobilis. We suggest that the contribution of hopanoids by NOB to environmental samples could be estimated by their carbon isotopic compositions. The ubiquity of nitrifying bacteria in the ocean today and the antiquity of this metabolic process suggest the potential for significant contributions to the geologic record of hopanoids.
In‐house validation and application of UHPLC‐MS/MS method for the quantification of pyrrolizidine and tropane alkaloids in commercial honey bee‐collected pollen, teas and herbal infusions purchased on Italian market in 2019–2020 referring to recent European Union regulations
Authors: Martinello Marianna , Manzinello Chiara , Gallina Albino , Mutinelli Franco 
Published: January 2022

SummaryTwo analytical methods for the quantification of pyrrolizidine (PAs) and tropane alkaloids (TAs) in honey bee‐collected pollen, teas and herbal infusions have been in‐house validated using the UHPLC‐MS/MS technique. These methods showed good linearity, good accuracy and robustness. The methods have been applied to a preliminary investigation of forty‐seven pollen samples and thirty‐three packs of tea‐bags in light of Commission Regulations (EU) 2020/2040 and 2021/1408 regarding maximum limits of PAs and TAs in foodstuffs, respectively. About half of the pollen samples contained searched PAs but in concentrations significantly lower than the maximum limit established; two samples were contaminated with TAs. One third of teas or herbal infusions contained PAs or TAs, one sample exceeded the EU limits for PAs and one for TAs. Despite the final consumer’s health does not seem threatened, these results recommend accurate analytical methods and broader investigations for PAs and TAs in foods.
Comparative evaluation of the quality of red globe grape juice fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Sheng Jie , Shan Chunhui , Liu Yuanye , Zhang Panling , Li Jingjing , Cai Wenchao , Tang Fengxian 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBasic analysis, electronic senses and HS‐SPME/GC‐MS were used to evaluate the effects of single and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus‐26 and Lactobacillus plantarum‐56 on the quality of fermented red globe grape (RGG) juice. The results showed that mixed culture fermentation was superior to single strain fermentation in terms of viable bacteria counts, consumption of total sugar (TS), total soluble solids, pH, functionality, and antioxidant properties of RGG juice (RGGJ). Whereas the aroma profiles of developing juices were dominated by abundant esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. Compared with the single inoculation, co‐inoculation of the two species induced lactic acid fermentations, leading to accumulation of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and 2‐hexenol significantly. Moreover, higher concentrations of ethyl acetate, benzoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid, sorbic acid, 2‐phenylethanol, and 2‐hexenol represented the characteristic flavours of juices. To sum up, these findings suggested that L. acidophilus‐26 and L. plantarum‐56 could be used as fermented strains to ferment and improve the quality of RGGJ.
Reviewing the effects of vacuum frying on frying medium and fried foods properties
Authors: Sosa‐Morales María Elena , Solares‐Alvarado Ana Paola , Aguilera‐Bocanegra Sandra Paola , Muñoz‐Roa José Fernando , Cardoso‐Ugarte Gabriel Abraham 
Published: January 2022

SummaryVacuum frying (VF) is a process developed at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, in which lower temperatures are employed to remove moisture from the food and reduce the oil content in the final product. Diverse studies have been published for VF or assisted with microwave and ultrasound, facing the challenges of accomplishing the physical and sensory properties appreciated in fried products. The studied matrices under VF include mainly vegetable origin foods (apple, banana, carrot, donuts, kiwi, mushroom, pea, pear, potato and sweet potato) and some animal origin products (chicken nuggets, fish fillets and surimi products). This review aimed to show recent and relevant findings of the application of VF, analysing both the effects on the frying medium and the impact on the fried foods. The inclusion of microwave and ultrasound technologies aids in the obtention of high‐quality products in terms of sensory and textural attributes, oil content as well as reduced oil degradation. This technique may provide safer and stable fried foods with lower oil content aiding in improving the diet of consumers and reducing production costs.
Effect of amylose/amylopectin ratio and extent of processing on the physical properties of expanded maize starches
Authors: Beech Daniel , Beech John , Gould Joanne , Hill Sandra 
Published: January 2022

SummaryLow‐density expanded starchy products are often desirable, particularly in the snack food industry. Levels of shear and amylose are often deemed crucial factors for expansion. In this study, maize starches containing low (waxy), normal and high levels of amylose were compared after processing. Low shear processing used a popping head (similar to a rice‐cake machine), while high shear (~450 kJ kg−1) samples (pellets and directly expanded) were created using twin‐screw thermomechanical extrusion. Native starches and ground extruded materials (<106 µm) were popped using the same conditions (230 °C, 4 s, water content 12% wwb). All samples tested created fused aerated cakes, which had little or no remaining crystallinity, except for the directly popped waxy sample, which retained ~17% of its original crystallinity. Water absorbances and solubilities were influenced greatly by the starch source and marginally by the amount of processing. On processing, waxy samples showed increased solubility while those with normal amylose content had greater absorption. The densities of all the popped samples were similar despite marked differences in shear regime history and the major variations in the amylose and amylopectin ratios. These results challenge the expected relationships between shear and different starches’ potential to expand.
Postharvest treatments with radio frequency for 10 and 20 kg batches of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Carbajal‐Padilla Daliana , Cerón‐García Abel , Gómez‐Salazar Julián Andrés , Rojas‐Laguna Roberto , Sosa‐Morales María Elena 
Published: January 2022

SummaryRadio frequency (RF) heating has been considered an alternative to conventional postharvest disinfestation methods in stored agricultural products. RF treatments at pilot scale (12 kW, 27.12 MHz) were applied in black beans (batches of 10 and 20 kg), until reach the target temperature for weevil mortality (50 °C). Temperature was held by 1 min, and then beans were cooled by forced air. During the protocol, the temperatures were followed by thermal images. For the 10 kg batch, the average heating time was 2.72 min, while for the 20 kg batch, only 1.29 min were required to reach the target temperature of 50 °C. This reduction in heating time is due to dielectric heating provides rapid and volumetric heating. Average cooling time was 14.75 and 26.75 min for batches of 10 and 20 kg respectively. The heating uniformity index values (λ) were close to zero (0.025 for 10 kg batch and 0.023 for 20 kg), indicating even heating. Water absorption capacity, density and viability of beans were not affected by the RF treatments (P > 0.05). Due to volumetric heating, better results were obtained for 20 kg batch, demonstrating the feasibility of RF technology for disinfestation purposes in relatively large batches of black beans.
New insights into the central sympathetic hyperactivity post‐myocardial infarction: Roles of METTL3‐mediated m6A methylation
Authors: Qi Lei , Hu Hui , Wang Ye , Hu Hesheng , Wang Kang , Li Pingjiang , Yin Jie , Shi Yugen , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuepeng , Lyu Hangji , Feng Meng , Xue Mei , Li Xinran , Li Yan , Yan Suhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) triggers by sympathetic nerve hyperactivity contribute to sudden cardiac death in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Microglia‐mediated inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is involved in sympathetic hyperactivity after MI. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA and epigenetic modification, is critical for mediating cell inflammation. We aimed to explore whether METTL3‐mediated m6A modification is involved in microglia‐mediated sympathetic hyperactivity after MI in the PVN. MI model was established by left coronary artery ligation. METTL3‐mediated m6A modification was markedly increased in the PVN at 3 days after MI, and METTL3 was primarily located in microglia by immunofluorescence. RNA‐seq, MeRIP‐seq, MeRIP‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, heart rate variability measurements, renal sympathetic nerve activity recording and programmed electrical stimulation confirmed that the elevated toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression by m6A modification on TLR4 mRNA 3'‐UTR region combined with activated NF‐κB signalling led to the overwhelming production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the PVN, thus inducing the sympathetic hyperactivity and increasing the incidence of VAs post‐MI. Targeting METTL3 attenuated the inflammatory response and sympathetic hyperactivity and reduced the incidence of VAs post‐MI.
Thermal Cycling Effect on Locator System Retention and Metal Surface Roughness
Authors: Perlis Vladimir , Mtanis Tarek , Biadsee Ameer , Ormianer Zeev 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the effects of the thermal cycling (TC) process on the metal surfaces of Locators, as well as retention loss, and the correlation between them.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five new Locator R‐Tx were included in the study. Four areas were marked on each Locators’ patrix metal surface and scanned using a confocal scanner (μsurf explorer; NanoFocus). Three surface roughness parameters were measured in the scans: Sa (average distance of peaks from the central plain of the area), Vmp (volume of the peaks in the area), and Spc (mean curvature of the peaks describing the degree of their sharpness). Retention test was performed using Instron® 4500 compression tension tensile tester at a speed of 10 mm/min. The retention tests were done using a working model made of two acrylic blocks in which the Locator system parts were inserted. The surface parameters measurements and the retention tests were performed 2 times, once before and once after TC. The Locators were subjected to 15,000 TC cycles by investing them into 2 tubs with different water temperatures, 55°C and 5°C. During each 60‐second cycle, the Locators were submerged in each tub for 20 seconds, with a 10 second transition time between the tubs. The post‐TC retention and surface parameters measurements were compared with those prior to TC and the prior to TC measurements served as controls. Changes in parameters before and after TC were analyzed by a two‐way ANOVA nested model with random intercept and slope by restricted maximum likelihood method. Correlation between retention and surface parameters was quantified and examined using Kendall's correlation test. The findings were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in retention of 16.6N at the second retention test (p < 0.001). A significant statistical decrease in surface parameters were measured after TC process, Sa and Vmp (18 ×10–3 μm, p = 0.041 and 0.94 ×10–3 1/μm, p = 0.001, respectively). A significant statistical increase in Spc of 6.4 ×10–3 μm3/μm2 (p = 0.023) was noticed. The correlation between retention decreases and surface changes was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe TC process causes a substantial reduction in retention to the Locator system over time. In addition, TC causes significant but minor changes to the Locator surface area. Most of the changes are in the horizontal dimension.
Adaptive potential of Coffea canephora from Uganda in response to climate change
Authors: de Aquino Sinara Oliveira , Kiwuka Catherine , Tournebize Rémi , Gain Clément , Marraccini Pierre , Mariac Cédric , Bethune Kévin , Couderc Marie , Cubry Philippe , Andrade Alan C. , Lepelley Maud , Darracq Olivier , Crouzillat Dominique , Anten Niels , Musoli Pascal , Vigouroux Yves , de Kochko Alexandre , Manel Stéphanie , François Olivier , Poncet Valérie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding vulnerabilities of plant populations to climate change could help preserve their biodiversity and reveal new elite parents for future breeding programmes. To this end, landscape genomics is a useful approach for assessing putative adaptations to future climatic conditions, especially in long‐lived species such as trees. We conducted a population genomics study of 207 Coffea canephora trees from seven forests along different climate gradients in Uganda. For this, we sequenced 323 candidate genes involved in key metabolic and defence pathways in coffee. Seventy‐one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be significantly associated with bioclimatic variables, and were thereby considered as putatively adaptive loci. These SNPs were linked to key candidate genes, including transcription factors, like DREB‐like and MYB family genes controlling plant responses to abiotic stresses, as well as other genes of organoleptic interest, such as the DXMT gene involved in caffeine biosynthesis and a putative pest repellent. These climate‐associated genetic markers were used to compute genetic offsets, predicting population responses to future climatic conditions based on local climate change forecasts. Using these measures of maladaptation to future conditions, substantial levels of genetic differentiation between present and future diversity were estimated for all populations and scenarios considered. The populations from the forests Zoka and Budongo, in the northernmost zone of Uganda, appeared to have the lowest genetic offsets under all predicted climate change patterns, while populations from Kalangala and Mabira, in the Lake Victoria region, exhibited the highest genetic offsets. The potential of these findings in terms of ex situ conservation strategies are discussed.
The future of public administration research: An editor's perspective
Authors: McDonald Bruce D. , Hall Jeremy L. , O'Flynn Janine , van Thiel Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch in the field of public administration has changed and advanced significantly in recent years. These advancements concern both how we engage in research—such as the methods we apply, the interdisciplinary nature of the theories we use, and the research questions we ask. Increasingly, we are witnessing a shift in public‐sector values away from efficiency and effectiveness and toward a paradigm that highlights equity. In this article, we reflect on these changes from our position as editors‐in‐chief of some of the leading journals in the field. In addition to describing the progress of this discipline, we explore emerging windows of opportunity for new research. One such window is research on ways to incorporate interdisciplinary perspectives and methods. We also see the need for work in such areas as social equity, comparative administration, artificial intelligence, and climate change. Finally, we argue for a more proactive approach in disseminating research to those involved in the day‐to‐day decision‐making processes of public organizations.
Positive selection of immune repertoires: A short further history
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe importance of the negative selection of self‐reacting cells from immune repertoires was easily recognized since it would militate against autoimmune disease. However, while the existence of positive selection in the auditioning of newly formed immune cells is now recognized, it is taking longer to understand its role. With the removal or suppression by negative selection of a subset of immune cells that self‐react, would the specificities of remaining immune cells range widely to confront the universe of ‘non‐self’ antigens, including some borne by potential microbial pathogens? Alternatively, from among those remaining immune cells, could some be picked out (positively selected) based on ‘advanced knowledge’ of some character likely to be common to those pathogens? To exploit ‘holes’ created by negative selection, it was predicted that pathogens would attempt to mimic their hosts by progressive stepwise mutation towards host ‘self’—a process entailing passage through a host anti‐‘near‐self‐reactivity’ arena. Anticipating this, those hosts that over evolutionary time ‘learned’ to positively select from developing immune repertoires, cells with reactivities against ‘near‐self’, would be advantaged by natural selection. The benefits of this narrowing of the range of host immune reactivities are now clearer and may solve Burnet's paradox, which concerns the ability of an organism's immune cells to attack its own cancer cells. However, while supporting this in the context of T cell immunity, Manczinger and his colleagues now suggest that some wily pathogens may be exploiting their hosts' narrow defence foci by ‘seeking’, through mutation, dissimilarity from host ‘self’.
Lithium Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on Multi-Kernel Support Vector Regression With Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Hao , Fu Lijun , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accurately and reliably predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium battery is very important for the lithium battery health management system. However, most of the existing methods rely on complex multidimensional input features, which require a large number of sensors, increase the application cost and introduce redundant measurement errors. Therefore, this paper, only based on the battery capacity curve itself, proposes a method to construct a prediction model of support vector regression (SVR) by fusing multiple kernel functions. The linear equation coefficients of multiple kernel function combinations are optimized by the hybrid optimization algorithm. It is found that the hybrid kernel function can effectively overcome the problem that the single-kernel function is not capable of mapping the capacity fading trend of lithium battery. Hybrid optimization algorithm can avoid the problems of local optimization and global search ability deficiency. The proposed method is validated by experiments using the battery attenuation datasets from NASA, the University of Maryland, and a high-rate lithium battery in the laboratory stage. It can be seen from the experimental results that the prediction accuracy of this method is high. The mean prediction error, mean RMSE, and mean MAE are 2%, 0.0198, and 0.0157.
Attitudes of medical professionals towards patient-centredness: a cross-sectional study in H City, China
Authors: Song Weijian , Hao Yanhua , Cui Yu , Zhao Xiaowen , Liu Wei , Tao Siyi , Xue Yuxin , Liu Chaojie , Zhang Qiao , Jiao Mingli , Xu Weilan , Sun Hong , Li Ye , Shan Linghan , Zhao Juan , Liang Libo , Wu Qunhong 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesPatient-centred communication improves patient experiences and patient care outcomes. This study aimed to assess the preference of medical professionals in China towards patient-centred communication under the context of the deteriorating doctor–patient relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of medical professionals was conducted in January and February 2018 in H City of Heilongjiang province, the northeast of China. The Chinese-Revised Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (CR-PPOS) was adopted to measure the individual preference of respondents towards patient-centredness in clinical communication. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to identify the sociodemographic (gender, age, marital status and educational attainment) and work experience (years of working, seniority, satisfaction with income, daily workload and perceived doctor–patient relationship) predictors of the preference towards patient-centredness.Patient and public involvementNot applicable.ResultsA total of 618 valid questionnaires were returned. The CR-PPOS demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Overall, a low level of preference towards patient-centredness in clinical communication was found. Relatively higher scores on ‘caring for patients’ (20.42±4.42) was found compared with those on ‘information/responsibility sharing’ (15.26±4.21). Younger age, higher educational attainment, lower daily workload and a perception of harmonious doctor–patient relationship were associated with a higher preference towards patient-centredness in clinical communication.ConclusionsA low level of preference towards patient-centredness in clinical communication was found in medical professionals in the northeast of China, which may further jeopardise the efforts to improve doctor–patient relationship.