bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmotic Regulation in Germinating Tomato Seedlings1
Authors: Taylor A. G. , Motes J. E. , Kirkham M. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of water deficits were examined on osmotic regulation of germinating seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Campbell 1327). Seed were germinated in aerated water and then grown for an additional 2 days in Petri dishes. The germinated seeds were then transferred to water potentials of 0 to −6 bars in 2-bar increments. Mannitol and water was used to obtain the desired water potential of the media. Water relations, growth rates and reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, amino acids, proline, nitrates, phosphates, potassium, and electrical conductivity were determined for roots and shoots at different water stresses. As water stress increased, osmotic adjustment occurred in the roots which accounted for the maintenance of turgor and growth. During the same period, little adjustment occurred in the shoots and consequently growth decreased. Turgor potential was highly correlated with growth rates for both plant parts. All solutes measured, except proline, generally increased in the roots and decreased in the shoots as water stress increased. Proline increased in both plant parts during the same period. Thus, solute regulation occurred during water deficits. Osmotic regulation in germinating tomato seedlings appears to be an adaptive feature during periods of water stress.
Growth Regulator Effects on Fruit Set and Fruit Size in Navel Orange1
Authors: Southwick Stephen M. , Davies Frederick S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whole-tree sprays of gibberellic acid (GA) plus calcium dihydrophosphate Ca(H2PO4)2 increased fruit set of navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] during 1979 and 1980. Gibberellic acid alone or a combination with Ca(H2PO4)2 or 6-benzylamino purine (BA) increased fruit set in 1980. Benzylamino purine did not increase fruit set or the fruit-setting effectiveness of GA. Calcium dihydrophosphate increased fruit set for approximately 5.5 weeks in 1980 even though leaves did not show signs of calcium deficiency. However, no increase in fruit set was observed 8.5 weeks after application. Fruit sprayed with GA were smaller than untreated fruit initially; however, no size differences were noted 8.5 weeks after full bloom.
Stability of Potato Tuber Isozymes under Different Storage Regimes1
Authors: Staub Jack E. , Kuhns L. J. , Grun P. , May B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extracts from freshly harvested tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) held at different temperatures and extracts taken from stored tubers were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. Storage of tubers at 10°C for up to 70 days or storage of extracts at −60° for 70 days did not affect isozyme banding patterns. Storage of fresh extracts for 14 days at 5° produced blurring of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) bands, altered isozyme mobility of malic enzyme, and added a band to glucosephosphateisomerase (GPI) zymograms. It did not affect the mobility or resolution of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Addition of 0.1 m mercaptoethanol did not restore original resolutions or mobilities.
Distribution and Persistence of Trunk-injected Oxytetracycline in Blight-affected and Healthy Citrus1
Authors: Timmer L. W. , Lee R. F. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blight-affected sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock were injected with high concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) (10–30 g a.i./tree) under high pressure (1300–1700 kPa) in an attempt to induce remission of blight symptoms. OTC activity, determined by bioassay with Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, was distributed in 70–95% of the twigs sampled 3 weeks after injection. Activity persisted in the twigs and mature leaves for 3 to 5 months and in a few twigs as long as 7 to 8 months after a single injection. No activity was detected in small roots and downward movement appeared to be limited. Distribution and persistence of OTC in healthy trees was similar to that in blight trees. Trees with mild blight symptoms injected once with OTC continued to decline and had moderate to severe blight 2 years later. Of 16 healthy trees injected with OTC 4 times over 2 years, 1 became severely blighted and several others developed mild symptoms. Our trunk injection work with OTC does not support the hypothesis that blight is caused by a tetracycline-sensitive organism, but does not eliminate that possibility.
Effect of Root Zone Heating on Growth of Poinsettia1
Authors: Janes Harry W. , McAvoy Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cvs. Annette Hegg Supreme, V-10, and Brilliant Annette Hegg) were grown on heated benches and exposed to root zone temperatures between 18° and 29° C. Increasing media temperatures affected bract size and development, internode length, fresh and dry weight of stems, leaves, and bracts, as well as the number of axillary shoots of cultivars differentially. In general, plants grown at higher temperatures were shorter, had more prominent axillary shoots, and developed anthocyanin sooner than unheated controls.
Effect of Mineral Nutrient Sprays on Photosynthesis and Stomatal Opening of Water-stressed and Unstressed Apple Seedlings I. Complete Nutrient Sprays1
Authors: Swietlik Dariusz , Faust Miklos , Korcak R. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solution cultures altered with polyethylene glycol to induce a water stress of− 1.0 bar decreased net photosynthesis (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Cs) in the leaves of ‘York Imperial’ apple seedlings (Malm domestica Borkh.). Sprays with a complete nutrient solution produced similar responses and further decreased Pn and Cs in water-stressed plants. It appeared from the mesophyll conductance (Cm) calculation that reduction in Pn rate in water-stressed, as well as sprayed trees, was not caused solely by a stomatal factor. It is not known, however, whether nonstomatal limitation of Pn reflects a decreased capacity for CO2 fixation or increased light respiration, since mesophyll conductance was calculated assuming constant (zero) sink CO2 concentration in the leaf. In another experiment, decreasing to − 1.0 bar water potential of nutrient solution reduced daily water consumption and fresh weight of ‘York Imperial’ apple seedlings. Sprays with complete nutrient solution also tended to decrease daily water consumption of plants. Water stress decreased leaf Ca and root K and Mg concentrations, indicating that water stress may lower the absorptive capacity of the roots. However, water-stressed plants contained more Ca in the roots than unstressed plants, suggesting that lower leaf Ca concentration in stressed plants was caused by suppressed transport. Leaf sprays with complete nutrient solution increased Mg concentration in the leaves and stems and Ca concentration in the leaves.
Postharvest Variation in Composition of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Fruit in Relation to Respiration and Ethylene Production1
Authors: Paull Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Total soluble solids, ethanol insoluble fraction, pH, titratable acidity, total phenols, total ethanol-soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, respiration, and ethylene production were determined sequentially in individual soursop fruits from the day of harvest until the start of fruit breakdown. Total soluble solids increased from about 10° Brix to near 16° Brix during 3 days of ripening. Fruit pulp pH declined from 5.8 to 3.6 with a concomitant increase in titratable acidity over the same ripening period. Penetration force was high, generally greater than 7.5 kg, in the preclimacteric stage and then declined to less than 0.5 kg during ripening. Total phenols declined during ripening to one-third of the preclimacteric levels, while total ethanol-soluble sugars and ascorbic acid increased twofold and elevenfold, respectively. The maximum respiration rate was 108 ml/kg·hr. Ethylene production increased 24–48 hr after the fruit climacteric was initiated. The optimum eating stage occurred at day 5 to 6 from harvest at the peak of ethylene production. At a later stage, the fruit was more bland with a slight off-odor; this correlated with a decline in the titratable acidity and total phenols.
Genotype, Soil, and Climate Effects on Sensory and Objective Components of Carrot Flavor1
Authors: Simon P. W. , Peterson C. E. , Lindsay R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The flavor of raw carrots (Daucus carota L.) was largely influenced by genetic variation, with dominance for desirable flavor attributes (high sweetness, low harsh flavor). Quality characteristics of plants grown under controlled temperature, relative humidity, daylength, and light intensity were comparable to those of plants grown in the simulated natural climate. Climate had a major influence on carotenoid levels. Terpinolene was the most abundant volatile terpenoid, and it affected harsh flavor, sweetness, and preference. Total sugar levels also influenced sweetness.
Ethanol, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, and Pyruvate Decarboxylase in Storage Roots of Four Sweet Potato Cultivars during Simulated Flood-damage and Storage1
Authors: Chang Ling A. , Hammett Larry K. , Pharr David M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flood-damage was simulated by submerging freshly harvested storage roots of 4 cultivars of sweet potato (lpomoea batatas (L.) Lam) under water for 48 hours. Root ethanol accumulation (μmoles/g fresh weight) for each cultivar was: ‘Centennial’, 38.6; ‘Jasper’, 42.9; ‘Jewel’, 48.8; and ‘Caromex’, 74.4. Storage losses due to rotting and accelerated weight loss were highest in ‘Caromex’ and second highest in ‘Jewel’. The amount of ethanol formed was not correlated with the apparent activity of either pyruvate decarboxylase or alcohol dehydrogenase. Cultivars differed upon removal from anaerobic conditions in their ability to metabolize accumulated ethanol. Cured roots of the 2 tolerant cultivars eliminated ethanol earlier than those of the 2 susceptible cultivars after anaerobic treatment. Thus, flood-damage to sweet potato storage roots may involve at least 2 factors, the rate of ethanol accumulation due to anaerobic treatment and the subsequent lag period and extent of metabolism of accumulated ethanol upon removal of anaerobic conditions.
Net Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Sun- and Shade-grown Ficus benjamina Leaves1
Authors: Fails Barbara S. , Lewis A. J. , Barden J. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Suitable conditions for determining net photosynthesis (Pn) of individual sun- and shade-grown leaves of weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) were 21°C dew point and an air flow rate between 1 and 3 liters/min. A diurnal trend in Pn occurred for sun leaves, with maximum rates between 0800 and 1200 hr; shade leaves did not decline in Pn until mid-afternoon. Leaves which originated from nodes 4 through 10 (from the shoot apex) did not differ in Pn, transpiration (Tr), specific leaf weight (SLW), or leaf water content. Shade-grown leaves had a photosynthetic advantage over sun-grown leaves at levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) below 77 μE m−2s−1, whereas at PAR levels above 100 μE m−2s−1 the reverse was true. Sun-grown leaves had higher Tr rates than shade grown leaves at all PAR levels used.
Uptake and Translocation of [14C-ethyl] Labeled (2-chloroethyl)methylbis(phenylmethoxy)silane [CGA-15281] in the Peach1
Authors: Couvillon G. A. , Seeley S. D. , Kays S. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
[14C-ethyl] labeled (2-chloroethyl)methylbis(phenylmethoxy)silane (CGA-15281) was applied to fruit and leaves of 4-year-old ‘Bicentennial’ peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Virtually none of the parent material moved into the fruit or was taken up and transported in vegetative tissue. Of the small amount found within the vegetative tissue, there was equal distribution between acropetal and basipetal movement. The compound appears to act through the release of ethylene which penetrates the tissue rather than uptake of the parent molecule and subsequent release.
Regulation of Growth and Flowering in Aguilegia × hybrida Sims1
Authors: Shedron Karen G. , Weiler T. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold temperature treatments stimulated inflorescence formation of Aguilegia × hybrida at the 12-leaf stage. Long photoperiods slightly advanced flowering further, but caused petiole elongation. Sprays of butanedioic acid mono-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) at 2,000 mg/liter effectively prevented petiole elongation.
Sink Strength of Fruits of Two Tomato Genotypes Differing in Total Fruit Solids Content1
Authors: Hewitt J. D. , Dinar M. , Stevens M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mobilization of carbohydrates to fruits of 2 genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in total fruit solids content, LA 1563 (1563) and ‘VF145B-7879’ (‘7879’), was investigated. On the basis of 2 separate studies, fruits of 1563, the higher solids genotype, appeared to be stronger sinks for assimilates than fruits of ‘7879’. LA 1563 partitioned a significantly larger percentage of 14C to the fruits than ‘7879’. Fruits of 1563 took up more 14C-sucrose from agar medium than ‘7879’ fruits, both on the basis of total uptake and specific activity. Starch was found at higher levels in fruits of 1563 than in those of ‘7879’ from 10–30 days after anthesis. No starch was detectable in either genotype 50 days after anthesis. Fruit sucrose levels tended to be lower in 1563 than in ‘7879’ throughout fruit development. The possible physiological relationships between carbon metabolism and the rate of import of assimilates by fruits are discussed.
In Vitro Production of Cacoa Seed Lipids1
Authors: Janick Jules , Wright Daniel C. , Hasegawa P. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Asexual embryos of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao), initiated from zygotic embryos and grown in nutrient medium with increasing sucrose concentrations, synthesized lipids with fatty acid and triglyceride composition similar to those of zygotic embryos maturing in vitro. Oleo-palmitostearin, the major triglyceride in cocoa butter, was identified in developing asexual embryos cultured in vitro. In vitro culture of asexual embryos of cacao may be a feasible system for the production of cocoa butter.
The Effect of the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus Pezizella ericae (Read) on the Growth and Nutrition of Seedlings of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)1
Authors: Powell Conway L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blueberry seedlings were inoculated with Pezizella ericae and grown in peat and pumice potting mix at 3 fertilizer treatments. Fungal inoculation stimulated shoot growth and dry matter production most at 1 application of fertilizer and increased N, S, and Ca shoot concentrations by 17, 47, and 14%, respectively. Increasing application of fertilizer tended to depress mycorrhizal infection levels in inoculated plants.
Selection and Inbreeding in Amphidiploid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae)1
Authors: Bobisud C. A. , Kamemoto H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inbred progenies originating from the amphidiploid Dendrobium × Jaquelyn Thomas ‘Y166-1’ were produced through sellings, sibmatings, and backcrosses. An outcross was also included. Selection and inbreeding were effective in increasing flower size and improving color purity. The characters of flower size, flower color, scape length, total initiated flowers, vase life, and bud drop were primarily influenced by parental genotypes since inbreeding decline was not apparent. Continued inbreeding of individuals selected for larger, whiter flowers led to decreased numbers of racemes and shorter plants.
Leaf Nitrogen Content and CO2 Assimilation Capacity in Peach1
Authors: DeJong T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Differences in the photosynthetic capacity of leaves of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Golden Glory] were investigated in conjunction with their leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation expressed on a leaf area basis, mesophyll conductance, and leaf conductance to water vapor were all linearly related to leaf nitrogen content expressed on a leaf area basis (R2 = 0.908, 0.921, 0.685, respectively). Leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations tended to decrease slightly with increasing CO2 assimilation rates and leaf N contents, indicating that CO2 assimilation was not being restricted by low intercellular CO2 concentrations and leaf conductances in leaves with lower assimilation capacity. CO2 assimilation, mesophyll conductance, and leaf conductance to water vapor were also linearly related to leaf phosphorus content, but these relationships were not as clear as for leaf nitrogen content. (R2 = 0.601, 0.687, 0.324, respectively). The maximum CO2 assimilation rate per unit of leaf nitrogen for peach leaves in this experiment was between 6.0 and 7.0 nmol CO2 mg N−1 s−1.
Factors Affecting in Vitro Propagation of Rose1
Authors: Bressan P. H. , Kim Y.-J. , Hyndman S. E. , Hasegawa P. M. , Bressan R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The node position from which axillary buds were isolated from shoots of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) markedly affected their growth and development in culture. Those buds nearest to and furthest from the apex either failed to develop or took the longest time to develop in culture compared to those buds in the middle portion of the stem. Benzylamino purine (BA) at low concentrations (0.03 to 0.3 mg/liter) stimulated the development of the axillary buds of ‘Gold Glow’ but not of ‘Improved Blaze’. A photon flux density (400-700 nm) of 17μE m−2 s−1 for 12 to 24 hours daily was optimum for the stimulation of shoot multiplication, while 66 μE mm−2s−1 for 12 to 24 hr was optimum for root initiation and for subsequent successful transplantation to soil of tissue culture-derived plants. A constant temperature of 21°C resulted in the highest rate of shoot multiplication and root initiation. Plants which initiated roots at 16, 21, or 26° had the highest level of transplant survival. An alteration in the temperature of the 8-hr dark period from 21° did not increase shoot multiplication, although root initiation was enhanced by lowering the night temperature to 11 or 16°. Histological analysis indicated that shoot multiplication of rose shoots occurs through the growth and development of axillary buds. The development of axillary buds is apparently under the repressive influence of the shoot apex, because physical excision of the apex or application to the shoot apex of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) facilitated axillary bud development. Root initiation was affected markedly by the length of time that cultures had been maintained on shoot multiplication medium prior to transfer to rooting medium. This effect may be attributable to the BA in the shoot multiplication medium which may have accumulated in the tissue. If the endogenous cytokinin level is too high, root initiation may be inhibited and if it is too low the shoot undergoes senescence before it becomes cytokinin-autonomous, which occurs after root initiation.
Effects of Irrigation Practices on Vine Growth, Yield, and Quality of Muskmelons1
Authors: Pew W. D. , Gardner B. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Higher yields, larger fruit size, and earlier maturity were achieved in muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) by irrigating when soil moisture tensions at the 25-cm depth reached 50 and 75 kPa compared with tensions of 25 kPa. More fruits were culled in the wet treatment due to decay while the drier treatments produced more fruits with growth cracks. Melons from the drier treatments were higher in soluble solids. Irrigation did not affect the other storage and shipping quality factors measured. A prethinning irrigation caused restricted root development, vine growth, fruit size, and yield.
Simulated Acid Rain Effects on Zinnia as Influenced by Available Nutrients1
Authors: Keever G. J. , Jacobson J. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse-grown plants of Zinnia elegans Jacq. were exposed to simulated sulfuric acid rain 30 minutes per day twice a week for 6 weeks at pH 2.8, 4.0, and 5.6. Injury occurred primarily to older, mature leaves and cotyledons at pH 2.8 and 4.0 and to ray flowers at pH 2.8. Plants supplied with higher levels of Hoagland’s nutrient solution grew more rapidly, contained greater quantitities of foliar K, P, and Ca, and exhibited more foliar injury after exposure to acidic simulated rain (SR). Dry weight of plants given full-strength nutrient solution (highest level) was depressed at pH 2.8 and increased at pH 4.0 relative to pH 5.6. Loss of 86Rb by leaching from foliage was significantly increased at pH 2.8, but no differences in total foliar content of K, P, and Ca were detected.
Axis Elongation from Tissue-culture-generated Bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Stimart Dennis P. , Ascher Peter D. , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Up to 50% of bulblets generated in vitro at 30°C from bulbscale explants of Lilium longiflorum ‘Ace’ produced an elongated axis in the 14 weeks after removal from tissue culture and potting in vermiculite. None of the ‘Ace’ bulblets produced in vitro at 25° and none of the ‘Nellie White’ bulblets produced in vitro at either 25° or 30° formed an elongated axis. Increased length of time that ‘Ace’ bulbs were stored at 4° before explanting as well as immersing bulblets generated in vitro at 30° in water at 45° for 1 hour before potting increased the percentage of bulblets with an elongated axis. Axis elongation was not related to bulblet size or to position of scale used for explanting (inner vs. outer bulb scale). Exposing ‘Ace’ bulblets generated at 30° to 3 or more weeks at 4° reduced the percentage of bulblets with an elongated axis to zero. Treatment of chilled bulblets for 2 hours in water at 45° did not reverse the effect of cold.
Factors Affecting the Recovery of Juice and Anthocyanin from Cranberries1
Authors: Sapers G. M. , Jones S. B. , Maher G. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Factors affecting anthocyanin recovery in juice from pressed cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Anthocyanin recovery was unaffected by cultivar, total anthocyanin content, or juice yield. Variability in anthocyanin recovery was attributed to the heterogeneity of berry samples analyzed for total and juice anthocyanin and to differences in the efficiency of pigment extraction by juice liberated during pressing. Freeze-thaw treatment of cranberries increased juice yield by as much as 50% and juice anthocyanin content by as much as 15-fold. Microscopic observation of changes at the cellular level resulting from freeze-thaw treatment supported the juice yield and pigment recovery data. Anthocyanin recovery could be increased by double pressing and by tissue homogenization.
Rootstock Influence on Growth, Yield, and Survival of ‘Loring’ Peach Trees on an Old Peach Site1
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Carlton C. C. , Short K. C. , Snell J. M. , McGuire J. A. , Evans C. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three rootstock—Elberta seedling (Elb), Lovell seedling (Lov), and Vila Fria seedling (VF)—were evaluated on an old peach-orchard site to determine their susceptibility to nematodes and their effect on growth, yield, survival, and foliar nutrient content of ‘Loring’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. During the first 6 years of the orchard's life, mortality rates of the trees were 18% (Elb), 21% (Lov), and 47% (VF). Rootstock did not affect tree height, spread, trunk circumference, or yield the first 3 crop years. However, Lov produced higher yields the 4th crop year and had a greater cumulative yield for the first 4 crop years than Elb or VF. When tree loss was taken into account, tree yield per hectare did not differ with Lov and Elb but was lower with VF. Rootstock did not affect nutrient level in the foliage. Nematode populations were low in the orchard and were unaffected by rootstock. Tree loss, yield differences, and cropping efficiency of trees on the different rootstock could not be accounted for by foliar nutrient levels, nematode populations, tree vigor, or size.