bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of gendered psychosocial processes in eating disorder development
Authors: Springmann Marie‐Luise , Svaldi Jennifer , Kiegelmann Mechthild 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveGender and sexual identity constitute social categories that have been found to be important when identifying persons at risk for eating disorders (ED), since prevalence rates are especially high for women as well as persons of gender and sexual minorities. The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of how these social categories relate to ED development.MethodA qualitative, inductive approach was used in order to develop empirically grounded hypotheses about gendered aspects in ED development. Data are 14 narrative interviews with persons of diverse sexual and gender identities who recovered from anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Interviews were analyzed in depth using Grounded Theory Methodology and Voice Centered Listening.ResultsResults suggest that social experiences related to female gender, as well as social experiences related to non‐compliance with social gender norms, can be important for ED development. Those social experiences were described as influencing participants' self‐worth, body image and self‐regulatory strategies, which were connected to ED symptomatology.DiscussionFuture research should further validate the gendered aspects presented in this paper, since including a broader array of gendered social aspects in ED research might help to improve etiological understanding and prevention methods.Public Significance StatementThis study contributes a special perspective to research on eating disorders and gender, because it is based on first‐person perspectives of formerly affected persons and integrates the experiences of persons with different gender and sexual identities. Participants described four categories of gendered social experiences relevant for their eating disorders. We discuss the potential of these categories to guide future research on the development of eating disorders and their prevention.
Insectivorous birds reduce herbivory but do not increase mangrove growth across productivity zones
Authors: Forde Alexander J. , Feller Ilka C. , Parker John D. , Gruner Daniel S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTop‐down effects of predators and bottom‐up effects of resources are important drivers of community structure and function in a wide array of ecosystems. Fertilization experiments impose variation in resource availability that can mediate the strength of predator impacts, but the prevalence of such interactions across natural productivity gradients is less clear. We studied the joint impacts of top‐down and bottom‐up factors in a tropical mangrove forest system, leveraging fine‐grained patchiness in resource availability and primary productivity on coastal cays of Belize. We excluded birds from canopies of red mangrove (Rhizophoraceae: Rhizophora mangle) for 13 months in zones of phosphorus‐limited, stunted dwarf mangroves, and in adjacent zones of vigorous mangroves that receive detrital subsidies. Birds decreased total arthropod densities by 62%, herbivore densities more than fivefold, and reduced rates of leaf and bud herbivory by 45% and 52%, respectively. Despite similar arthropod densities across both zones of productivity, leaf and bud damage were 2.0 and 4.3 times greater in productive stands. Detrital subsidies strongly impacted a suite of plant traits in productive stands, potentially making leaves more nutritious and vulnerable to damage. Despite consistently strong impacts on herbivory, we did not detect top‐down forcing that impacted mangrove growth, which was similar with and without birds. Our results indicated that both top‐down and bottom‐up forces drive arthropod community dynamics, but attenuation at the plant‐herbivore interface weakens top‐down control by avian insectivores.
Dual Mitochondria‐ and DNA‐Targeting Coumarin‐Pt(IV) Prodrug for the Enhancement of Anticancer Performance
Authors: Tu Ying , Li Hao‐Ming , Wang Meng‐Meng , Su Yan , Liu Hong‐Ke , Su Zhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCisplatin (CDDP) was considered as the milestone anticancer agent for the cancer treatment, however, the side effects were also a huge threat to human health. Pt(IV) prodrug with functional axial decoration has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to minor the side effect. In this work, we have developed a dual mitochondrial and DNA‐targeting Pt(IV) prodrug with coumarin‐derivative decoration, and the experiment has illustrated that the prodrug Pt‐CMN could dramatically enhance the anticancer performance compared to CDDP. Prodrug Pt‐CMN could be activated in vitro by reducing reagent ascorbic acid in the periods of 6 h. Control prodrug Pt‐CM without the diethylamino group, showed much less cytotoxicity to cancer cells, which partially resulted from the hard reduction of prodrug Pt‐CM. Furthermore, prodrug Pt‐CMN could increase the Pt cellular uptake in MCF‐7 cells and destroy the functionality of mitochondria, including inducing the ROS generation, losing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and decreasing the ATP production. Moreover, prodrug Pt‐CMN could induce the intracellular DNA damage of MCF‐7 cells to activate apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. This work not only demonstrated that prodrug Pt‐CMN could be a promising anticancer agent, but also provided a new strategy to enhance the anticancer performance through the subcellular organelle targeting.
Biocatalytic Kinetic Resolution to Access Enantiomerically Enriched Dihydropyrimidinone/Thiones through Recognition of a Remote Stereocentre
Authors: Zanin Lucas Lima , Brito Matos Thiago Kelvin , Leitão Andrei , Ellena Javier , Porto André Luiz Meleiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Biginelli synthesis is a classic tricomponent reaction known to result in polyfunctionalized dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives. Herein, we described a chemo‐enzymatic strategy for obtaining enantiomerically enriched hydroxy‐DHPMs. These compounds were previously esterified with butyric or acetic anhydride and were later submitted to hydrolysis reactions catalysed by lipase B from Candida antarctica. Although the stereogenic centre is far from the reaction site (4–5 bonds), moderate to excellent enantiomeric excess values were obtained (up to 99 %). Docking studies were performed in parallel to elucidate the binding modes of some molecules with the CALB active site, and were able to provide information on the enantiospecificity of these compounds in the hydrolysis reaction.
Cyclocondensation versus Cyclocondensation Plus Dehydroxylation During the Reaction of Flavones and Hydrazine
Authors: Solis Carlos M. , Salazar Mario O. , Ramallo I. Ayelen , García Paula , Furlan Ricardo L. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConcomitant selective dehydroxylation during the transformation of flavones into pyrazoles with hydrazine is determined by the A‐ring substitution pattern and propensity to keto enol tautomerization. The obtained pyrazoles show varied tyrosinase inhibition properties, including one nanomolar inhibitor.
Photogalvanics of Dodecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide‐Quinoline Yellow‐alkali: A solar energy conversion, storage, photostability, and spectral study
Authors: Jonwal Meenakshi , Koli Pooran , Dayma Yashodhara , Kumar Pareek Ramesh , Kumar Rajendra , Dheerata  
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe technology to harness solar power has been evolving continuously with a recent focus on simultaneous power storage as well. Photogalvanic (PG) cell is a promising technology for simultaneous solar power and storage. The nature of the sensitizer, reductant, surfactant, and electrodes are the key factor determining the efficiency, stability, and power storage capacity of the PG cells. The use of a more stable dye with good diffusivity and conductivity realized through the most suitable surfactant has evaded the attention of researchers. Therefore, in the present study, the photogalvanics of the stable Quinoline Yellow (QY) dye photosensitizer in the presence of the Dodecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DTAB) surfactant, and Cellobiose reductant at an elevated pH has been studied for solar energy conversion and storage. The entirely novel and new photogalvanic system has shown abruptly enhanced electrical performance of the PG cell as potential 900 mV, current 10 000 μA, and power 989 μW. Encouraging photogalvanics may be attributed primarily to the greater QY dye‐DTAB surfactant interaction enhanced dye solubility, stability, and diffusion through the electrolyte. Spectrometric and conductometric study of the electrolyte has validated good photostability and conductivity of the electrolyte solution. Based on published literature and observed facts, a most plausible mechanism for the photogeneration of the current and power storage capacity has also been proposed. The present research does not introduce any new mechanism for the photo‐generation of the current, but a new and novel cell fabrication design with greatly enhanced electrical output in comparison to that in earlier studies.Novelty statementThe cationic Dodecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide surfactant and Quinoline Yellow (QY) anionic dye sensitizer has been exploited in the presence of Cellobiose reductant for enhanced dipole‐dipole interactions for further enhancing the photogalvanics. The hypsochromic and hypochromic shift of main band of QY in electrolyte may be attributed to the QY‐DTAB complex formation due to interaction between the anionic QY dye and cationic DTAB surfactant. The present study shows abruptly enhanced electrical output (potential 900 mV, current 10 000 μA, power 989 μW).
Recent advances in self‐powered and flexible UVC photodetectors
Authors: Nguyen Thi My Huyen , Shin Seong Gwan , Choi Hyung Wook , Bark Chung Wung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltraviolet‐C (UVC) radiation is employed in various applications, including irreplaceable applications in military and civil fields, such as missile guidance, flame detection, partial discharge detection, disinfection, and wireless communication. Although most modern electronics are based on Si, UVC detection technology remains a unique exception because the short wavelength of UV radiation makes efficient detection with Si difficult. In this review, recent challenges in obtaining ideal UVC photodetectors with various materials and various forms are introduced. An ideal photodetector must satisfy the following requirements: high sensitivity, fast response speed, high on/off photocurrent ratio, good regional selectivity, outstanding reproducibility, and superior thermal and photo stabilities. UVC detection is still in its infancy compared to the detection of UVA as well as other photon spectra, and recent research has focused on different key components, including the configuration, material, and substrate, to acquire battery‐free, super‐sensitive, ultra‐stable, ultra‐small, and portable UVC photodetectors. We introduce and discuss the strategies for fabricating self‐powered UVC photodetectors on flexible substrates in terms of the structure, material, and direction of incoming radiation. We also explain the physical mechanisms of self‐powered devices with various architectures. Finally, we present a brief outlook that discusses the challenges and future strategies for deep‐UVC photodetectors.
Heuristic thinking in the workplace: Evidence from primary care
Authors: Shurtz Ity 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study whether primary care physicians (PCPs) exercise left digit bias with respect to patients' age. Relying on a comprehensive administrative visit level data from a large Israeli HMO, we measure the intensity of patients' medical examination in visits that take place around a decadal birthday—a birthday that ends with zero—within a regression discontinuity framework. We find that in standard settings with clear patient information there is no evidence that PCPs exhibit left digit bias. However, when PCPs meet unfamiliar patients seeking immediate care, they are more likely to use basic diagnostic tests just above the decadal birthday threshold, indicating that under these circumstances, PCPs do use left digit bias.
Inhibition of nonhomologous end joining‐mediated DNA repair enhances anti‐HBV CRISPR therapy
Authors: Murai Kazuhiro , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Shimoda Akiyoshi , Fukuoka Makoto , Fukutomi Keisuke , Shigeno Satoshi , Shiode Yuto , Motooka Daisuke , Higuchi Yuichiro , Miyakawa Kei , Suemizu Hiroshi , Ryo Akihide , Tahata Yuki , Makino Yuki , Yamada Ryoko , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Current anti–hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapies have little effect on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and fail to eliminate HBV. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been reported to directly target cccDNA and exert antiviral effects. In this study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of the DNA repair machinery, which is important for the repair of CRISPR‐induced double‐strand breaks, may enhance the effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA, and we investigated the antiviral effect of potential combination therapy. The antiviral effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA (HBV‐CRISPR) was evaluated in HBV‐susceptible HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4 cells expressing Cas9 (HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9) or primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) expressing Cas9. Following HBV infection, HBV‐CRISPR reduced cccDNA levels, accompanied by decreases in pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) levels and supernatant HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen levels in HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9 cells, and PHHs. HBV‐CRISPR induced indel formation in cccDNA and up‐regulated poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in HBV‐infected HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9 cells. The suppression of PARP2‐Histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) (involved in the initial step of DNA repair) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting either PARP2 or HPF1 increased the reduction in pgRNA and cccDNA by HBV‐CRISPR in HBV‐infected HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9 cells. The suppression of DNA Ligase 4 (LIG4) (essential for nonhomologous end joining [NHEJ]) but not breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) (essential for homologous recombination) enhanced the antiviral effect of HBV‐CRISPR in HBV‐infected HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9 cells. Finally, the clinically available PARP inhibitor olaparib increased the reductions in pgRNA and cccDNA levels induced by HBV‐CRISPR in HBV‐infected HepG2‐hNTCP‐C4‐iCas9 cells and PHHs. Conclusion: The suppression of the NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair machinery enhances the effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA. The combination of CRISPR and olaparib may represent a therapy for HBV elimination.
The impact of forest‐controlled snow variability on late‐season streamflow varies by climatic region and forest structure
Authors: Currier William Ryan , Sun Ning , Wigmosta Mark , Cristea Nicoleta , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have documented how forests influence snow at fine spatial scales, but none have documented the influence that existing forest‐snow variability has on streamflow. To test how much forest‐controlled snow variability influences streamflow, a tiling parameterization based on classifications from high‐resolution (1–3 m) vegetation maps was incorporated into the Distributed Hydrology and Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM). Within each grid cell (90–150 m), the tiling parameterization simulated forest‐snow variability with four independently evolving snowpacks. Each tile had unique radiation conditions to represent conditions underneath the canopy, in exposed areas, and along north‐ and south‐facing forest edges. This tiled parameterization was used to test where and when detailed forest‐snow modelling should be considered further and where and when the impacts are too small to be worth the effort. To test this, tiled model simulations of streamflow were compared to non‐tiled model simulations in the Sierra Nevada, CA, the Jemez Mountains, NM, and the Eastern Cascades, WA. In Tuolumne, CA, the tiled model simulated little difference in grid cell average SWE, and late‐season streamflow decreased by only 3%–4% compared to the non‐tiled model. In Jemez, NM, the tiled model decreased late‐season streamflow by 18% due to increased sublimation. In Chiwawa, WA, the tiled model increased late‐season streamflow by 15% due to high shortwave radiation attenuation and less longwave radiation enhancement from the forest. Furthermore, within the Chiwawa, a substantial silvicultural practice was synthetically implemented to increase the north‐facing edge's fractional area. This silvicultural experiment, which used the same fractional forest area in all simulations increased late‐season streamflow by 35% compared to tiled model simulations that did not represent forest edges. In conclusion, representing forest‐SWE variability had an effect on late‐season streamflow in some watersheds but not in others based on the fractional area of the forest edges, forest characteristics, and climate conditions.
Effects of single‐ and multi‐site calibration strategies on hydrological model performance and parameter sensitivity of large‐scale semi‐arid and semi‐humid watersheds
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Xia , Yang Zhi , Yu Yang , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn large‐scale watersheds, only the calibration of parameters for the outlet may ignore spatial heterogeneity and fail to meet the simulation accuracy of local areas. Based on the runoff observation data of three hydrological stations (Qingyang, Yangjiaping and Zhangjiashan) in the Jinghe River Watershed, single‐ and multi‐site calibration strategies were designed to investigate the performance and applicability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in predicting the monthly runoff of nested catchments and evaluate the differences in parameter sensitivity between the upstream and downstream. (i) The two calibration strategies showed little difference in the simulation accuracy of the watershed outlet; the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were approximately 0.8 and 0.6, respectively, and the percentage of bias (PBIAS) was mostly <15%. The single‐site one‐by‐one calibration was significantly better than the multi‐site joint calibration at the interior points of the watershed. Among them, Qingyang decreased most obviously in the joint calibration with Zhangjiashan, with both NSE and R2 < 0.5, whereas Yangjiaping was >0.5 in combination with the other two sites. (ii) The sensitive parameters obtained by the two calibration strategies were different, and different parameters were effective for different‐sized catchments because hydrological processes exhibit astounding variability at all scales. The single‐site one‐by‐one calibration was mainly affected by the hydrological processes of the local catchment, whereas the multi‐site joint calibration was largely constrained by the sensitive parameters of the single‐site calibration. (iii) Parameters at different scales and locations were related to the problem of scaling and regionalization. The multi‐site joint calibration did not significantly improve the model performance of the watershed outlet but increased the capacity for synchronous identification of local sensitive parameters when compared to single‐site calibration. These findings are expected to provide experience for parameter calibration in other similar large‐scale watersheds and to lay a good foundation for the accurate identification of other related hydrological behaviours at watershed scales.
Modelling processes in infant research
Authors: Fassbender Ina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis peer commentary emphasizes the importance of implementing more sophisticated analytical techniques in infant research. It provides examples of information extracted from classical paradigms, the habituation–dishabituation paradigm, the visual pair preference task and the visual expectation paradigm, by means of models such as a latent variables mixture model. Although modelling techniques have been implemented in infant research for many years, they have always been a marginal phenomenon because infant data were mainly analysed using mean level comparisons. This commentary outlines the principal advantage of modelling infant behavioural data: there is no other way to obtain information on behaviour and its development at the individual infant level than through a model, and models can be adapted to the specific requirements of an experimental setting's data. However, there are expenses to such techniques: it takes time both to build and to understand a model for a specific experimental setting, and both data and code need to be made available (and thus readable, i.e. following certain style requirements). If as a field, we do not refrain from investing such time, modelling approaches can be a very useful tool for a more reliable infant research.
The impact of R&D investment on grain crops production in China: Analysing the role of agricultural credit and CO2 emissions
Authors: Chandio Abbas Ali , Jiang Yuansheng , Akram Waqar , Ozturk Ilhan , Rauf Abdul , Mirani Aamir Ali , Zhang Huaquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA better understanding of the dynamics involved in grain production is critical for food security and poverty reduction. To this end, several factors influence grain production, including capital (i.e. R&D investment and agricultural credit), agriculture environment (i.e. CO2 emissions), and technical progress (i.e. fertilizers and agricultural machinery). This paper analyses the combined effects of these factors on China's grain crops output from 1990 to 2017 by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The ARDL‐bounds testing approach provided the long‐run connection amid the variables. The findings include: (i) agricultural R&D spending has an encouraging and meaningful influence on grain crops yield in the long‐run and short‐run; (ii) agricultural credit significantly and positively stimulates grain crops output; (iii) CO2 emissions negatively impact grains' output in the short‐ and long‐run; (iv) area under grain crops and fertilizers used also endure a positive spur on grain crops production in the long‐run and short‐run; and (v) short‐run nexus among the variables is navigated for robustness rationale via the vector error correction model Granger causality practice. Hence, the strategy specialists should also acquaint finances through prescribed organizations on comfortable provisions and minimal interests. In addition, the Chinese Governments and agricultural extension organizations should support the easy acquisition of high‐tech cultivating machinery to harvest crops swiftly and explore substantial markets for further business.