bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Cell Competition in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Cultures
Authors: Price Christopher J. , Barbaric Ivana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCell‐cell interactions are required for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms from insects to mammals. A critical process governed by these interactions is cell competition, which functions throughout development to control tissue composition by eliminating cells that possess a lower fitness status than their neighbors. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a key biological tool in modeling human development and offer further potential as a source of clinically relevant cell populations for regenerative medicine applications. Recently, cell competition has been demonstrated in hPSC cultures and during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. In turn, these findings suggest that hPSCs can be used as a tool to study and model cell‐cell interactions during different stages of development and disease. Here, we provide a panel of protocols optimized for hPSCs to investigate the potential role that cell competition may have in determining the fate and composition of cell populations during culture. The protocols entail assessment of the competitive phenotype and the mode through which cell competition may lead to elimination of less‐fit cells from mosaic cultures with fitter counterparts. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Electroporation of hPSCs to establish a fluorescent reference cell lineSupport Protocol 1: Single‐cell dissociation of hPSCsSupport Protocol 2: Single‐cell cloning of fluorescently labeled hPSCsBasic Protocol 2: Separate culture and co‐culture proliferation assaysBasic Protocol 3: Assessing levels of apoptosis in hPSC cultures using flow cytometryBasic Protocol 4: Transwell assaySupport Protocol 3: Immunohistochemistry and image quantification of cleaved caspase‐3Basic Protocol 5: Cell confrontation assayBasic Protocol 6: Cell compression assayBasic Protocol 7: Time‐lapse imaging to assess mechanical extrusion
Integration of mark–recapture and acoustic detections for unbiased population estimation in animal communities
Authors: Jarrett Crinan , Haydon Daniel T. , Morales Juan M. , Ferreira Diogo F. , Forzi Francis Alemanji , Welch Andreanna J. , Powell Luke L. , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbundance estimation methods that combine several types of data are becoming increasingly common because they yield more accurate and precise parameter estimates and predictions than are possible from a single data source. These beneficial effects result from increasing sample size (through data pooling) and complementarity between different data types. Here, we test whether integrating mark–recapture data with passive acoustic detections into a joint likelihood improves estimates of population size in a multi‐guild community. We compared the integrated model to a mark–recapture‐only model using simulated data first and then using a data set of mist‐net captures and acoustic recordings from an Afrotropical agroforest bird community. The integrated model with simulated data improved accuracy and precision of estimated population size and detection parameters. When applied to field data, the integrated model was able to produce, for each bird guild, ecologically plausible estimates of population size and detection parameters, with more precision compared with the mark–recapture model. Overall, our results show that adding acoustic data to mark–recapture analyses improves estimates of population size. With the increasing availability of acoustic recording devices, this data collection technique could readily be added to routine field protocols, leading to a cost‐efficient improvement of traditional mark–recapture population estimation.
Effects of fluid slippage on pressure‐driven electrokinetic energy conversion in conical nanochannels
Authors: Qian Fang , Guo Panpan , Zhang Wenyao , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of fluid slippage on the pressure‐driven electrokinetic energy conversion in conical nanochannels are systematically investigated in this paper. We present a multiphysical model that couples the Planck–Nernst–Poisson equations and the Navier–Stokes equation with a Navier slip condition to fulfill this purpose. We systematically look into the variation of various performance indicators of electrokinetic energy conversion, for example, streaming current, streaming potential, generation power, energy conversion efficiency, regulation parameter, and enchantment ratio, with the conicity of nanochannels and the slip length for two pressure differences of the same magnitude but opposite directions. Particularly, enhancement ratios related to streaming current, streaming potential, generation power, and energy conversion efficiency are defined to comprehensively measure the enhancement of the performance of electrokinetic energy conversion due to the slip length. The results demonstrate that a combination of large slip length and small conicity enhances the electrokinetic energy conversion performance significantly. Furthermore, the fluid slippage‐induced enhancement of the electrokinetic energy conversion in the backward pressure difference mode is stronger than that in the forward pressure difference mode. Our results provide design and operation guidelines for pressure‐driven electrokinetic energy conversion devices.
Using the Daphnia magna Transcriptome to Distinguish Water Source: Wetland and Stormwater Case Studies
Authors: Jankowski Mark D. , Fairbairn David J. , Baller Joshua A. , Westerhoff Benjamin M. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A major challenge in ecotoxicology is accurately and sufficiently measuring chemical exposures and biological effects given the presence of complex and dynamic contaminant mixtures in surface waters. It is impractical to quantify all chemicals in such matrices over space and time, and even if it were practical, concomitant biological effects would not be elucidated. Our study examined the performance of the Daphnia magna transcriptome to detect distinct responses across three water sources in Minnesota: laboratory (well) waters, wetland waters, and storm waters. Pyriproxyfen was included as a gene expression and male neonate production positive control to examine whether gene expression resulting from exposure to this well-studied juvenoid hormone analog can be detected in complex matrices. Laboratory-reared (&lt;24 h) D. magna were exposed to a water source and/or pyriproxyfen for 16 days to monitor phenotypic changes or 96 h to examine gene expression responses using Illumina HiSeq 2500 (10 million reads per library, 50-bp paired end [2 × 50]). The results indicated that a unique gene expression profile was produced for each water source. At 119 ng/L pyriproxyfen (~25% effect concentration) for male neonate production, as expected, the Doublesex1 gene was up-regulated. In descending order, gene expression patterns were most discernable with respect to pyriproxyfen exposure status, season of stormwater sample collection, and wetland quality, as indicated by the index of biological integrity. However, the biological implications of the affected genes were not broadly clear given limited genome resources for invertebrates. Our study provides support for the utility of short-term whole-organism transcriptomic testing in D. magna to discern sample type, but highlights the need for further work on invertebrate genomics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2107–2123. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Learning under social versus nonsocial uncertainty: A meta‐analytic approach
Authors: Martinez‐Saito Mario , Gorina Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMuch of the uncertainty that clouds our understanding of the world springs from the covert values and intentions held by other people. Thus, it is plausible that specialized mechanisms that compute learning signals under uncertainty of exclusively social origin operate in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we scoured academic databases for neuroimaging studies involving learning under uncertainty, and performed a meta‐analysis of brain activation maps that compared learning in the face of social versus nonsocial uncertainty. Although most of the brain activations associated with learning error signals were shared between social and nonsocial conditions, we found some evidence for functional segregation of error signals of exclusively social origin during learning in limited regions of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and insula. This suggests that most behavioral adaptations to navigate social environments are reused from frontal and subcortical areas processing generic value representation and learning, but that a specialized circuitry might have evolved in prefrontal regions to deal with social context representation and strategic action.
Baseline cluster of differentiation 22 fluorescent intensity correlates with patient outcome after Inotuzumab Ozogamicin treatment
Authors: Sartor Chiara , Arpinati Mario , Chirumbolo Gabriella , Dozza Luca , Cristiano Gianluca , Nanni Jacopo , Marconi Giovanni , Robustelli Valentina , Vigliotta Ilaria , Parisi Sarah , Terragna Carolina , Testoni Nicoletta , Paolini Stefania , Martinelli Giovanni , Curti Antonio , Cavo Michele , Papayannidis Cristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntigen‐directed target therapy for B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is now the standard of care for relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease. A comprehensive determination of the target itself is mandatory to aid physician's choice. We determined baseline Cluster of differentiation 22 (CD22) expression percentage and fluorescent intensity on lymphoblasts of 30 patients with R/R B‐ALL treated with anti‐CD22 immunoconjugate drug Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (INO) and analyzed the impact of both parameters on patient outcome. Most patients (24/30, 80%) had a high leukemic blast CD22‐positivity defined as ≥90%. We did not observe a benefit in terms of complete remission, overall survival (OS) and duration of response (DoR) for patients with CD22 ≥ 90% versus CD22 < 90%. Concerning CD22‐FI quartile analysis we appreciated a trend for superior response rates in higher quartiles (Q2‐Q4) compared to Q1 and a significant benefit in terms of OS and DoR for patients with higher CD22‐FI. INO demonstrates to be effective also in patients with lower CD22 expression, but therapeutical benefits are more evident in patients with higher CD22‐FI. The evaluation of both CD22 percentage and CD22‐FI of the leukemic blast may help physicians in therapeutic choices for R/R B‐ALL patients when multiple treatment options are available, although no CD22 expression threshold can currently be identified below which INO should be considered not effective.
A machine learning approach to water quality forecasts and sensor network expansion: Case study in the Wabash River Basin, United States
Authors: Balson Tyler , Ward Adam S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMidwestern cities require forecasts of surface nitrate loads to bring additional treatment processes online or activate alternative water supplies. Concurrently, networks of nitrate monitoring stations are being deployed in river basins, co‐locating water quality observations with established stream gauges. However, tools to evaluate the future value of expanded networks to improve water quality forecasts remains challenging. Here, we construct a synthetic data set of stream discharge and nitrate for the Wabash River Basin—one of the United States’ most nutrient polluted basins—using the established Agro‐IBIS and THMB models. Synthetic data enables rapid, unbiased and low‐cost assessment of potential sensor placements to support management objectives, such as near‐term forecasting. Using the synthetic data, we established baseline 1‐day forecasts for surface water nitrate at 12 cities in the basin using support vector machine regression (SVMR; RMSE 0.48–3.3 ppm). Next, we used the SVMRs to evaluate the improvement in forecast performance associated with deployment of additional nitrate sensors. We identified the optimal sensor placement to improve forecasts at each city, and the relative value of sensors at each candidate location. Finally, we assessed the co‐benefit realized by other cities when a sensor is deployed to optimize a forecast at one city, finding significant positive externalities in all cases. Ultimately, our study explores the potential for machine learning to make near‐term predictions and critically evaluate the improvement realized by expanding a monitoring network. While we use nitrate pollution in the Wabash River Basin as a case study, this approach could be readily applied to any problem where the future value of sensors and network design are being evaluated.
Generation of Self‐Assembled Structures Composed of Amphipathic, Charged Tripeptides for Intracellular Delivery of Pro‐Apoptotic Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Sivagnanam Subramaniyam , Das Kiran , Sivakadatcham Vijay , Mahata Tarun , Basak Madhuri , Pan Ieshita , Stewart Adele , Maity Biswanath , Das Priyadip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs remain the most efficacious treatment options for a many human cancers. However, the inability to deliver these drugs directly to cancerous cells often results in dose limiting and sometimes life‐threatening adverse effects. Rather than developing new chemical moieties, researchers have begun focusing on the development of drug carriers, which are specifically designed to shuttle chemotherapeutics into malignant cells while sparing healthy cells. Charged nanoparticles have emerged as effective delivery platforms for several xenobiotic classes including anticancer agents, oligonucleotides and antibodies. Notably, peptide‐based self‐assembled nanostructures are of particular interest due to their biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity, and potential for customization for cell‐specific targeting. We synthesized and studied the self‐assembling properties of two charged, cell penetrating tri‐peptides: H2N−Arg−Leu−Phe−OMe (S1) with Arg as cationic amino acid and Boc−Phe−Leu−Glu−OH (S2) with Glu as negatively charged amino acid. The fibrils and spherical self‐assembled structures formed by S1 and S2, respectively, can encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin and facilitate intracellular drug delivery via endocytosis. Furthermore, S1‐ and S2‐encapsulated Doxorubicin (Dox‐S1, Dox‐S2), like the unencapsulated drug, induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, activated the ATM/p53 signaling cascades, and triggered apoptosis in cancer cells. Thus, while the surface charge of molecular building blocks used to generate supramolecular assemblies influences the morphology of generated nanostructures, both cationic and anionic peptide‐based assemblies are capable of functioning as drug delivery vehicles.
Minimizing freshwater usage for quality improvement of saline soils in semi‐arid regions
Authors: Asadi Kapourchal Safoora , Homaee Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater supply and its proper management play a significant role in establishing an optimal water policy in semi‐arid regions. Also, soil plays a key role in earth as an environmental interface. However, soil salinity is usually a large‐scale problem, which adversely affects the environment resulting in many environmental difficulties. The practice of leaching is the inevitable method for improving saline soils. However, due to the diminishing trend of available freshwater resources, as well as the necessity of allocating good quality water for many ecological and environmental demands, leaching must be optimized towards using a minimum amount of water. This study aimed to (i) quantify the optimal water required for efficient salt leaching and (ii) derive a simple practical model for estimating leaching requirements. A large area of 33 000 ha with extreme salinity was selected and two field plot‐scale leaching experiments were conducted. Different mathematical schemes were derived. The derived logarithmic model provided better performance. Results indicated that one pore volume of water is sufficient to leach out 85% of salts from the soil profile of the studied areas. Applying this quantity of water will sustain and secure the environment from the main environmental problems resulting from soil salinization.
Development of a simple and flexible enzyme‐based platform for the colorimetric detection of multiple biomarkers in non‐conventional biofluids
Authors: Ornelas‐González Alonso , González‐González Mirna , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnzyme‐based colorimetric systems are inexpensive, simple, adaptable and sensitive methods that allow specific quantification of a substrate. In the clinical field, their use has been the basis for the development of equipment and devices that today are key for disease detection. The objective of this project was to demonstrate the flexibility of a previously developed multi‐enzyme system for colorimetric glucose quantification by adapting and optimizing it for the detection and quantification of other clinically relevant biomolecules, such as galactose, uric acid and 1,5‐anhydroglucitol in buffer conditions.ResultsThe obtained calibration curves for galactose, uric acid and 1,5‐anhydroglucitol show remarkable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997), precision (CV ≤ 2.38%) and sensitivity with detection and quantification limits of 3.96 and 12.01 μmol L−1; 0.16 and 0.48 μmol L−1; and 0.08 and 0.25 μmol L−1, respectively. In addition, it was found that the three systems are capable of quantifying different concentrations of their respective substrate, showing low variability (CV < 3.3%) and notable recovery percentages (99.21–103.39%).ConclusionsThe results obtained with the three optimized enzyme‐based colorimetric systems demonstrate the platform flexibility by modifying parameters such as pH buffer, incubation time, enzyme and concentration of the reducing agent under buffer conditions. All results together demonstrate the great potential of this multi‐enzyme platform for the quantification of various substrates in non‐conventional biofluids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Responding to emerging oral healthcare needs with CARE: Design of the CARE curriculum model
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Shazib Muhammad , Cromartie Jazmin , Cain Kevin W. , De Rossi Scott S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe release of the National Institutes of Health report, Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges, in 2022 identified a pressing concern about oral healthcare and that “the job is far from finished.” The High Point University Workman School of Dental Medicine utilized this report as inspiration to facilitate the design of the Clinician‐Advocate‐Researcher‐Entrepreneur Curriculum. The aspiration was to create a novel curriculum and experiential model to prepare learners for the future of dental medicine, including addressing these public oral healthcare needs. This article describes how we conducted this process in three steps: defining the curriculum philosophy, outcomes, and structure. We present this example for those interested in curriculum design and modifications. Our goal is to encourage educators to explore opportunities to enhance dental education as a critical component of the complex system that impacts oral healthcare broadly.
Engineering graduate students’ mental health: A scoping literature review
Authors: Bork Sarah Jane , Mondisa Joi‐Lynn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental health issues reported among college‐aged individuals have increased. Prevalence of these issues has an established impact on students' personal, professional, and academic outcomes. Graduate students experience unique stressors that impact their mental health. In particular, engineering graduate students have lower help‐seeking tendencies, which can impact the severity and length of their mental health problems.PurposeWe investigate the literature concerning engineering graduate students' mental health, focusing on academic outcomes, mental health measures, and mental health findings, to highlight gaps in current literature and the need for further research.Scope/MethodFive research databases, EBSCO: CINAHL, EBSCO: PsycINFO, ProQuest: ERIC, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched in a scoping literature review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during the screening process. Peer‐reviewed publications (i.e., articles and conference papers) were identified and coded for study focus, keywords, participants and institution(s), journal discipline, study type, methods used, and work referenced, in addition to academic outcomes, mental health measures, and mental health findings.ResultsNineteen of the 4,826 unique studies identified were included in the review. Ten academic outcomes and 13 mental health measures were discussed. Mental health findings were grouped into five themes: social support and sense of belonging; student–advisor relationship; cultural barriers faced by international students; gender and racial stereotypes; and generalized findings.ConclusionsResearch on engineering graduate students' mental health is limited. Given that mental health has direct ties to students' well‐being and ultimately their success, engineering education researchers should focus on studying students' experiences, sharing these findings, and communicating best practices for all stakeholders.
Development of photoluminescent artificial nacre‐like nanocomposite from polyester resin and graphene oxide
Authors: Hameed Ahmed , Snari Razan M. , Alaysuy Omaymah , Alluhaybi Ahmad A. , Alhasani Mona , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong‐lasting phosphorescent nacre‐like material was simply prepared from a nanocomposite of inorganic and organic materials. Low molecular weight unsaturated polyester (PET), graphene oxide (GO), and nanoparticles of rare‐earth activated aluminate pigment were used in the preparation process of an organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite. Using methylethylketone peroxide (MEKP) as a hardener, we were able to develop a fluid solution that hardens within minutes at room temperature. Covalent and hydrogen bonds were introduced between the polyester resin and graphene oxide nanosheets. The interface interactions of those bonds resulted in toughness, excellent tensile strength, and high durability. The produced nacre substrates demonstrated long‐persistent and reversible luminescence. The excitation of the produced nacre substrates at 365 nm resulted in a 524 nm emission. After being exposed to UV light, the photoluminescent nacre substrates became green. The increased superhydrophobic activity of the produced nacre substrates was achieved without affecting their physico‐mechanical properties.Highlights
Colorless photoluminescent smart nacre‐like nanocomposites were prepared.
Graphene oxide and polyester were mixed with phosphor nanoparticles at 25°C.
Photostable long‐persistent phosphorescence lighting was observed in the dark.
Photochromic change to green emission was detected under ultraviolet light.
The nacre‐like composites exhibit improved hardness and hydrophobicity.