bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental musculoskeletal anatomy education in a shortened medical school curriculum
Authors: Syros Alina , Donato Zachary , Luxenburg Dylan , Landau Rebecca , Pandya Shivani , Tandron Marissa , Hernandez Giselle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo address anatomy knowledge gaps exacerbated by the education constraints of a new shortened medical school curriculum and the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group (OSIG) created a novel hybrid anatomy curriculum for students interested in orthopedic surgery. The main objectives were to determine (1) Does this elective supplement to the curriculum improve students' perceived confidence with regard to orthopedic anatomy? (2) What are the students' preferred formats for receiving this elective supplement to the curriculum? To determine this, we used a prospective study design to determine the impact of the OSIG's student‐led hybrid anatomy sessions. A survey with a five‐point Likert scale (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4) Agree; (5) Strongly agree; was used to quantify responses. Chi‐squared tests, Fisher's exact tests and T‐tests were used when appropriate. Our results show that participants without prior anatomy experience rated the course higher on average when compared with those with prior anatomy experience (4.27 vs. 3.67, respectively; p = 0.168). Most students (88.2%) prefer for anatomy sessions to be held more frequently and 76.4% enjoyed having virtual components. 82.4% of participants reported that this course improved their self‐confidence regarding orthopedic anatomy, and 100% would recommend it to other students. Most students enjoyed the course and reported improved self‐perceived anatomy knowledge after participating. Medical schools that have a shortened anatomy curriculum can consider using the present study as a model for an optional musculoskeletal anatomy supplement at their institution.
The predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and body composition prior to and during immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Willemsen Anna C. H. , De Moor Nina , Van Dessel Jeroen , Baijens Laura W. J. , Bila Michel , Hauben Esther , van den Hout Mari F. C. M. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Hoeben Ann , Clement Paul M. , Schols Annemie M. W. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundResponse rates of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) are low.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective multicentre cohort study evaluates the predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and changes in body composition prior and during therapy. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 98 patients were retrieved, including neutrophil and platelet‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR and PLR). Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression was determined on residual material. Cachexia was defined according to Fearon et al. (2011). Skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were evaluated on computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebrae level. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed for 6 months progression free survival (PFS6m) and overall survival (OS).ResultsSignificant early weight loss (>2%) during the first 6 weeks of therapy was shown in 34 patients (35%). This patient subgroup had a significantly higher NLR and PLR at baseline. NLR and PLR were inversely correlated with SM and VAT index. Independent predictors of PFS6m were lower World Health Organization performance status (HR 0.16 [0.04–0.54] p = 0.003), higher baseline SAT index (HR 1.045 [1.02–1.08] p = 0.003), and weight loss <2% (HR 0.85 [0.74–0.98] p = 0.03). Baseline cachexia in combination with >2% early weight loss remained a predictor of OS, independent of PD‐L1 expression (HR 2.09 [1.11–3.92] p = 0.02, HR 2.18 [1.13–4.21] p = 0.02).ConclusionWe conclude that the combination of cachexia at baseline and weight loss during ICI therapy is associated with worse OS in R/M HNSCC patients, independent of PD‐L1 expression.
Highly Oxygenated Labdane Diterpenoids from Stevia rebaudiana and Their Anti‐Atherosclerosis Activities
Authors: Cheng Bin , Fang Fei , Zhou Qin‐Tao , Li Yan , Wu Xue‐Wen , Zhao Xue‐Rong , Bi De‐Wen , Zhang Xing‐Jie , Zhang Rui‐Han , Ji Xu , Li Xiao‐Li , Cao Guang , Xiao Wei‐Lie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFive unknown labdane diterpenoids Stevelins A–E (1–5), three known labdane diterpenoids (6–8) and three labdane norditerpenoids (9–11) were isolated from the Stevia rebaudiana. The structures were determined primarily via NMR spectroscopic data and HR‐ESI‐MS experiments. X‐ray crystallography using CuKα radiation was used to determine the absolute configurations of 1, and the absolute configurations of 2–5 were deduced by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The potential anti‐atherosclerosis activities of all compounds were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on the macrophage foam cell formation. As a result, most isolated compounds could significantly inhibit oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that these compounds may be promising candidates in the treatment for atherosclerosis.
Ansatz zur Quantifizierung der mechanischen Festigkeit eines Staubkuchens
Authors: Horst David , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBei der Oberflächenfiltration zur Staubabscheidung ist die mechanische Festigkeit von Staubkuchen von großer Bedeutung für das Betriebsverhalten des Oberflächenfilters. Durch verschiedene Konditionierungsmethoden lässt sich diese signifikant beeinflussen. Eine einfache Messmethode, die Festigkeit des Staubkuchens quantifizierbar zu machen, exisiert derzeit nicht. Ein Ansatz zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Kuchenfestigkeit mit Messergebnissen zum Vergleich von Staubkuchen mit modifizierter Packungsstruktur, die durch eine Rohgaskonditionierung mittels hygroskopischer Salzpartikeln erzeugt sind, wird vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Robuste Fördertechnik im Salzlager
Authors: Deininger Sabrina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDie Betriebsingenieure des K+S‐Salzlager in Borth hatten immer wieder mit Ausfällen der Förderanlagen zu kämpfen. Es war ein verfahrbarer Bandabsetzer im Einsatz, der mit einem Direktantrieb der Räder über einen Getriebemotor und eine Rollenkette angetrieben wurde. Ein Umbau des Antriebssystems der Förderanlage wurde zwingend notwendig.
Wenn aus dem Kann ein Muss wird
Authors: Simon Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnergieeffizienz ist ein globaler Megatrend der heutigen Zeit, der tiefgreifende Veränderungen mit sich bringen und die Welt in Zukunft prägen wird. Eine zentrale Rolle bei der Senkung des Energieverbrauchs kommt in der Industrie hocheffizienten Motoren und Frequenzumrichtern zu.
Salz speichert Solarstrom
Authors: Herrling‐Tusch Ursula , Maffert Jörg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDie wichtigsten erneuerbaren Energiequellen, Sonne und Wind, sind unendlich verfügbar ‐ allerdings abhängig von Witterungsverhältnissen, Tages‐ und Jahreszeit. Speichermöglichkeiten, die diese Schwankungen ausgleichen, spielen deshalb künftig eine entscheidende Rolle für eine ebenso verlässliche wie effiziente Energieversorgung rund um die Uhr. Concentrated Solar Power‐(CSP)‐Solarkraftwerke bieten die Möglichkeit, tagsüber thermische Salzschmelzespeicher mit Sonnenenergie kostengünstig aufzuladen und nach Sonnenuntergang Strom auf Abruf zu erzeugen. Durch diese von der verfügbaren Sonneneinstrahlung entkoppelte, bedarfsgerechte Stromerzeugung gelten sie als ein zentraler Schlüssel zur Energiewende. Mit MAN Energy Solutions und Dillinger arbeiten zwei in diesem Bereich langjährig erfahrene und bedeutende Unternehmen gemeinsam an Antworten auf die Kernherausforderung der Energiewende: erneuerbare Energien in großer Menge zu produzieren und intelligent in eine zuverlässige Erzeugung von Strom oder Dampf für Industrieprozesse zu integrieren.
Associations between social determinants of health and 10‐year change in everyday functioning within Black/African American and White older adults enrolled in ACTIVE
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Clay Olivio J. , Owens Joshua , Fiala Jacob , Crowe Michael , Marsiske Michael , Thomas Kelsey R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionGiven prior work showing racial differences on baseline social determinants of health (SDoH) and 10‐year trajectories of everyday functioning, we examined associations between SDoH and longitudinal everyday functioning performance in Black/African American and White older adults.MethodsParticipants were 2505 older adults (Mage = 73.5; 28% Black/African American) without dementia. SDoH included economic stability/status, education access/quality, health‐care access, neighborhood/built environment, and social/community contexts. The Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL) measured everyday functioning and was administered at baseline and 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year visits.ResultsAcross the sample, social and community context and economic stability/status were associated with steeper age‐related OTDL declines (βs = 0.05 to 0.07, Ps < 0.001). Lower levels of social and community context (β = 0.08, P = 0.002) and economic stability/status (β = 0.07, P = 0.04) were associated with OTDL linear age declines in Black/African American participants, but not in White participants (Ps > 0.30).DiscussionInequities across SDoH accelerate age‐related declines in everyday functioning among Black/African American older adults.
Carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation of the parotid gland: The brief report of cytomorphology and review of the literature
Authors: Uchiyama Tomoko , Terada Chiyoko , Tachibana Yuma , Nishiura Hirokazu , Takeda Maiko , Fujii Tomomi , Kimura Takahiro , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Ohbayashi Chiho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHere, we report an extremely rare case of carcinoma with thymus‐like differentiation (CASTLE) of the parotid gland. CASTLE is a rare malignant epithelial tumor with thymic epithelial differentiation that arises in the thyroid gland or perithyroidal soft tissue. CASTLE of salivary gland origin is rare, with only nine published case reports to date (reported as “CASTLE” or “thymic carcinoma”). It is critical to diagnose salivary gland tumors using fine needle aspiration cytology. However, this tumor is rare, and there have been few studies on its cytomorphological features. Therefore, it is important to understand the cytological diagnostic characteristics of CASTLE. Herein, we review the cytological features and diagnostic characteristics of salivary gland CASTLE. We also report the genotype results obtained using targeted exome sequencing, which we analyzed with DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue.
Lessons from linking bio‐ and ecological traits to stoichiometric traits in stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Beck Miriam , Billoir Elise , Felten Vincent , Meyer Albin , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Danger Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcologists rely on various functional traits when investigating the functioning of ecological systems and its responses to global changes. Changing nutrient levels, for example, can affect taxa expressing different trait combinations in various ways, e.g., favoring small, fast‐growing species under high phosphorus conditions. Stoichiometric traits, describing the elemental composition of organism body tissues, can help in understanding the mechanisms behind such functional shifts. So far, mainly life‐history traits have been related to body stoichiometry (e.g., the growth rate hypothesis) on a limited number of taxa, and there is little knowledge of the general link between stoichiometric and other functional traits on a taxonomically large scale. Here, we highlight this link in the freshwater macroinvertebrates, testing predictions from underlying trait‐based and Ecological Stoichiometry Theory (EST) in >200 taxa belonging to eight larger taxonomic groups. We applied a series of multivariate analyses on six of their stoichiometric traits (%C, %N, %P, C:N, C:P, and N:P) and 23 biological and ecological traits. We found significant relationships between stoichiometric traits and other types of traits when analyzing single‐trait and multi‐trait profiles. Patterns found within traits related to organism development or nutrient cycling were in line with our assumptions based on EST, e.g., traits describing predators were associated with high %N; traits suggesting a fast development (small maximum body size and high molting frequency) with high %P. Associations between ecological traits and body stoichiometry could be explained by the longitudinal stream gradient: Taxa preferring headwater habitats (i.e., high altitude, coarse substrate, and cold temperature) exhibited high %N and %P. Demonstrating the link between stoichiometric and both bio‐ and ecological traits on a large diversity of taxa underlines the potential of integrating stoichiometric traits into ecological analyses to improve our understanding of taxonomic and functional responses of communities—and ecosystems—to changing environmental conditions worldwide.
Tunnel excavation material and circular economy in Austria – general requirements, current situation and further developments from the waste management perspective
Authors: Starke Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExcavation material from tunnel constructions, which is generally regarded as waste, has to be disposed of properly, but is good input material for producing recycling aggregates or for on‐site reclaiming or recycling action. Due to the large mass and potential contaminations from rock formations and/or tunnelling process, reclaiming or recycling has to be monitored. The waste law provides standardized examination methods and parameters, limit values, quality classes and requirements. In the course of the revision of the Austrian landfill ordinance and the Austrian circular economy strategy by the Federal Ministry Republic of Austria Climate action, environment, energy, mobility, innovation anf technology (BMK), adaptions regarding the promotion of circular economy for this material should be developed. This study provides a description of the technical and legal requirements, actual challenges and an outlook to possible changes of the requirements.
On oscillatory rotating convection of a couple‐stress fluid with helical force
Authors: Nagaraju Jangalla , Babu Kasba Ramesh , Reddy Gundlapally Shiva Kumar , Ragoju Ravi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLinear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of thermosolutal convection in a couple‐stress fluid with effects of helical force and rotation are performed. The governing nondimensional equations are solved using the normal modes. We have shown the effect of the helical force parameter, solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, Taylor number, and Prandtl number on stationary and oscillatory convection regions and presented graphically. Solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, and Taylor number have a stabilizing effect on the system whereas the helical force parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system. To study heat transport by convection we have derived the Ginzburg–Landau equation.
Sensitive Chirality Measurements with Electrical Readout Utilizing the CISS Effect
Authors: Yochelis Shira , Paltiel Yossi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChirality is a fundamental chemical property that can be found in almost all aspects of life. Generally, in nature chirality exists in only one of the possible enantiomeric forms. Bitter experience showed that chiral drugs having the same chemical composition but opposite chirality may have extremely different biological effects. It is therefore that detecting and quantifying chirality is important in multiple fields ranging from analytical and biological chemistry to pharmacology, biotechnology, and fundamental physics. To date, the most widely used analytical methods for chiral detection, remain the traditional approaches of measuring circular dichroism and optical rotation. However, these methods suffer from low signal‐to‐noise due to large time‐dependent backgrounds and require complicated optical setups. Recent works associate circular dichroism measurements with the Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) spin current measurements. The CISS effect relates the probability of electron spin transmission through chiral molecules to chirality. Depending on the handedness of the molecule, electrons of a certain spin can traverse the molecule more easily in one direction than in the other. It is therefore that the CISS effect could be utilized to electronically measure chirality using spin currents and spin induced dipoles. The review summarizes the different approaches for utilizing the CISS effect for electrical measurements of chirality. Starting with a Hall device that can measure the chirality of the lowest energetic CD band of a monolayer in dry or wet systems. Presenting an enhancement of the effect as well as achieving a wider CD spectrum using electrical gating. Going down to 100 molecules limit with full spectrum response utilizing electro‐optical nano floret devices.
Comparative pulmonary and genotoxic responses to inhaled nickel subsulfide and nickel sulfate in F344 rats
Authors: Oller Adriana R. , Buxton Samuel , March Thomas H. , Benson Janet M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInhalation studies with nickel (Ni) subsulfide (Ni3S2) and Ni sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4·6H2O) investigated differences in mode of action that could explain why the former induced lung tumors in rats and the latter did not. Male rats were exposed to ≤0.22 mg Ni/m3 NiSO4·6H2O or 0.44 mg Ni/m3 Ni3S2, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 and 13 weeks; subsets of the rats exposed for 13 weeks were held for an additional 13 weeks. Analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, isolated cells, and whole lung tissue were conducted to compare the extent and persistence of any induced lung effects. Histological findings were qualitatively identical for both compounds and consistent with lesions reported in earlier studies. After 13 weeks of exposure, the incidence and severity of pulmonary inflammation and epithelial cell hyperplasia were greater among Ni3S2‐exposed rats, whereas the reverse response was seen for apoptosis. Only Ni3S2 exposure significantly increased epithelial and non‐epithelial cell proliferation after 13 weeks of exposure. Both compounds induced DNA damage in isolated lung cells and DNA hypermethylation of whole lung tissue after 13 weeks of exposure at the highest exposure concentrations. Increases in cell proliferation, DNA damage, and tissue DNA hypermethylation did not persist during the 13‐week recovery period. In summary, the highest concentrations of each compound produced marked pulmonary toxicity, but the lowest concentrations produced minimal or no effects. Differences in the proliferative and apoptotic responses between the two compounds may help explain differences in carcinogenicity, whereas the identification of no observed adverse effect concentrations (NOAECs) contributes to the risk characterization for inhalation exposure to nickel compounds.
Synthesis and odor characteristics of N‐substituted pyrrolyl ketones derived from N‐substituted acetylpyrroles and alcohols
Authors: Zhao Mingqin , Hu Jingyi , Ji Xiaoming , Han Lu , Li Mengxiao , Lai Miao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA transition‐metal and ligand free base‐mediated a radical condensation reaction to form N‐substituted pyrrolyl ketones with water as the side product is developed. The transformation is performed with t‐BuOK, and a broad range of N‐substituted acetylpyrroles and alcohols are well tolerated under the optimized conditions. Preliminary studies indicate that the radical anion of the benzylic alcohol is proposed as the key intermediate, which undergoes coupling with the enolate of the acetylpyrrole to form the new CC bond. Subsequently, the corresponding pyrrolyl chalcones are obtained by elimination, and the enone intermediate is reduced to afford N‐substituted pyrrolyl ketones. The odor characteristics of the pyrrolyl ketones obtained were evaluated by gas‐chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry (GC–MS–O). The pyrrolyl ketones present varied characteristic odors, which are usually distinct from those of the corresponding acetylpyrroles and alcohols. Among them, compounds of 3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl) propan‐1‐one (3c′) and 5,9‐dimethyl‐1‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl) dec‐8‐en‐1‐one (3g′) were not decomposed under high temperature, according to the results of pyrolysis–GC/MS.
Bullous pemphigoid in a patient with psoriasis after mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Merilleno Arbie Sofia P. , Quizon Mae R. , Legaspi Kristine Natalee M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBullous pemphigoid and psoriasis are two well‐characterised chronic autoimmune diseases that may be triggered by drugs, infections or vaccines. The coexistence of the two is a rare event but is more extraordinary if incited by messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID‐19 vaccination. A 62‐year‐old Filipino male experiencing a flare‐up of his long‐standing psoriasis vulgaris presented with new onset tense blisters on the legs 2 days after his first booster dose of mRNA (Pfizer‐BioNTech) vaccination. The clinical, skin punch biopsy, direct immunofluorescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were consistent with bullous pemphigoid. Complete resolution of the vesicles and bullae with no new lesions and flattening of psoriasis plaques were observed after 1 month of treatment of systemic corticosteroids and corticosteroid‐sparing agents. An association may exist between bullous pemphigoid development and mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination.