bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shallow Magmatic Plumbing System of the Deccan Traps, Evidence from Plagioclase Megacrysts and Their Host Lavas
Authors: Marzoli Andrea , Renne Paul R , Andreasen Rasmus , Spiess Richard , Chiaradia Massimo , Ruth Dawn C S , Tholt Andrew J , Pande Kanchan , Costa Fidel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the shallow plumbing system of the Deccan Traps Large Igneous Province using rock and mineral data from Giant Plagioclase Basalt (GPB) lava flows from around the entire province, but with a focus on the Saurashtra Peninsula, the Malwa Plateau, and the base and top of the Western Ghats (WG) lava pile. GPB lavas in the WG typically occur at the transition between chemically distinct basalt formations. Most GPB samples are evolved basalts, with high Fe and Ti contents, and show major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions generally similar to those of previously studied Deccan basalts. Major element modeling suggests that high-Fe, evolved melts typical of GPB basalts may derive from less evolved Deccan basalts by low-pressure fractional crystallization in a generally dry magmatic plumbing system. The basalts are strongly porphyritic, with 6–25% of mm- to cm-sized plagioclase megacrysts, frequently occurring as crystal clots, plus relatively rare olivine and clinopyroxene. The plagioclase crystals are mostly labradoritic, but some show bytownitic cores (general range of anorthite mol%: 78–55). A common feature is a strong Fe enrichment at the plagioclase rims, indicating interaction with an Fe-rich melt similar to that represented by the matrix compositions (FeOt up to 16–17 wt%). Plagioclase minor and trace elements and Sr isotopic compositions analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry show evidence of a hybrid and magma mixing origin. In particular, several plagioclase crystals show variable 87Sr/86Sri, which only partially overlaps with the 87Sr/86Sri of the surrounding matrix. Diffusion modeling suggests residence times of decades to centuries for most plagioclase megacrysts. Notably, some plagioclase crystal clots show textural evidence of deformation as recorded by electron back-scatter diffraction analyses and chemical maps, which suggest that the plagioclase megacrysts were deformed in a crystal-rich environment in the presence of melt. We interpret the plagioclase megacrysts as remnants of a crystal mush originally formed in the shallow plumbing system of the Deccan basalts. In this environment, plagioclase acquired a zoned composition due to the arrival of chemically distinct basaltic magmas. Prior to eruption, a rapidly rising but dense Fe-rich magma was capable of disrupting the shallow level crystal mush, remobilizing part of it and carrying a cargo of buoyant plagioclase megacrysts. Our findings suggest that basaltic magmas from the Deccan Traps, and possibly from LIPs in general, are produced within complex transcrustal magmatic plumbing systems with widespread crystal mushes developed in the shallow crust.
Roads and Loans
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Mukherjee Abhiroop , Naaraayanan S Lakshmi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDoes financing respond to changes in productive opportunities, even for the world’s poor? We answer this question by examining the response of private bank financing to an infrastructure program that brought road access to unconnected Indian villages. This program prioritized roads for villages above specific population thresholds, allowing us to exploit the resultant discontinuities for identification. Using detailed data from a large bank, we find that 75$\%$ more villagers get loans, and the average amount lent to them is 30$\%$–35$\%$ higher, in villages just above these thresholds. District-level analyses further suggest that roads and loans are complements in the growth process.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Influences on the Genetic Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Schizophrenia: The Role of the Externalizing Spectrum
Authors: Wormington Briar , Thorp Jackson G , Scott James G , Derks Eske M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The nature of the robust association between cannabis use and schizophrenia remains undetermined. Plausible hypotheses explaining this relationship include the premise that cannabis use causes schizophrenia, increased liability for schizophrenia increases the risk of cannabis use initiation (eg, self-medication), or the bidirectional causal hypothesis where both factors play a role in the development of the other. Alternatively, factors that confound the relationship between schizophrenia and cannabis use may explain their association. Externalizing behaviors are related to both schizophrenia and cannabis use and may influence their relationship.

Study Design
This study aimed to evaluate whether externalizing behaviors influence the genetic relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia. We conducted a multivariate genome-wide association analysis of 6 externalizing behaviors in order to construct a genetic latent factor of the externalizing spectrum. Genomic structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the influence of externalizing behaviors on the genetic relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia.

Results
We found that externalizing behaviors partially explained the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia by up to 42%.

Conclusions
This partial explanation of the association by externalizing behaviors suggests that there may be other unidentified confounding factors, alongside a possible direct association between schizophrenia and cannabis use. Future studies should aim to identify further confounding factors to accurately explain the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia.
Childhood Drownings: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Akinkuotu Adesola C , Purcell Laura N , Varela Carlos , Hayes Andrea , Charles Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Drowning is a public health problem that is under-reported in Africa. We sought to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for drownings in Malawi.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric (≤15 years old) patients who presented following a drowning incident to Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, from 2009–19. Demographics and outcomes were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with increased odds of mortality.

Results
There were 156 pediatric drowning victims during the study period. The median age at presentation was 3 (IQR: 2–7 years). Survivors were younger [median age: 2 years (IQR: 2–5) vs. 5 years (IQR: 2–10), p = 0.004], with a higher proportion of drownings occurring at home (85.6% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.001) compared to non-survivors. Patients who had a drowning event at a public space had increased odds of mortality (OR 8.17, 95% CI 2.34–28.6). Patients who were transferred (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.003–0.25) and had other injuries (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.70) had decreased odds of mortality following drowning.

Conclusion
Over half of pediatric drowning victims at a tertiary-care facility in Malawi survived. Drowning survivors were significantly younger, more likely to have drowned at home, and transported by private vehicles and minibus than non-survivors. There is a need for scalable, cost-effective drowning prevention strategies that focus on water safety education and training community members and police officers in basic life support and resuscitation.
Safety of Booster Doses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine in Pregnancy in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Moro Pedro L. , Olson Christine K. , Zhang Bicheng , Marquez Paige , Strid Penelope 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate and summarize reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national spontaneous reporting system, in pregnant people who received a booster dose of mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.

METHODS:
We searched VAERS for U.S. reports of adverse events in pregnant people who received a booster dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine from September 22, 2021, to March 24, 2022. Clinicians reviewed reports and available medical records.

RESULTS:
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System received 323 reports of adverse events in pregnant people who received a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine; 178 (55.1%) after BNT162b2 from Pfizer–BioNTech and 145 (44.9%) after mRNA-1273 from Moderna. Seventy-two (22.3%) reports were coded as serious. One neonatal death was reported, but no maternal deaths occurred. Pregnancy-specific outcomes included 56 (17.3%) spontaneous abortions (before 20 weeks of gestation), eight (2.5%) episodes of vaginal bleeding, five (1.5%) stillbirths (at or after 20 weeks of gestation), four (1.2%) episodes of preeclampsia, and two (0.6%) preterm deliveries. Reporting rates for stillbirth and preterm delivery were below background rates. Ten instances of adverse events in neonates were reported, which included two reports of birth defects. Non–pregnancy-specific adverse events (n=207; 64.1%) were mostly systemic (eg, headache, fatigue) and local reactions and occurred in proportions comparable with those seen in pregnant people who received the primary COVID-19 vaccination series and reported to VAERS during the same period.

CONCLUSION:
Review of reports after a booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant people in VAERS found their safety profile was comparable with that of published reports after primary COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant people.
MUC5AC genetic variation is associated with tuberculosis meningitis CSF cytokine responses and mortality
Authors: Sabo Michelle C. , Thuong Nguyen T.T. , Chang Xuling , Ardiansyah Edwin , Tram Trinh T.B. , Hai Hoang T. , Nghia Ho D.T. , Bang Nguyen D. , Dian Sofiati , Ganiem A. Rizal , Kumar Vinod , Li Zheng , Hibberd Martin , Khor Chiea Chuen , Thwaites Guy E. , Heemskerk Dorothee , van Laarhoven Arjan , van Crevel Reinout , Dunstan Sarah J. , Shah Javeed A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTRationaleLung mucins are an understudied component of the mucosal immune response and may influence tuberculosis pathogenesis and outcomes.ObjectivesTo assess if variants in lung mucins MUC5B and MUC5AC are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune responses, susceptibility, and outcomes.MethodsWe characterized four haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MUC5B and MUC5AC for association with log2 TNF concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from TBM patients. SNPs associated with CSF TNF concentrations were carried forward for analyses of pulmonary and meningeal TB susceptibility and TBM mortality.Measurements and Main ResultsMUC5AC SNP rs28737416 T allele was associated with lower CSF concentrations of TNF(p=1.8*10−8) and IFNγ(p=2.3*10−6), and higher TBM, but not pulmonary TB, susceptibility (OR 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.49; p=0.021). Mortality from TBM was higher among participants with the rs28737416 T/T and T/C genotype (35/119, 30.4%) versus the C/C genotype (11/89, 12.4%; log-rank p=0.005) in a Vietnamese cohort (N=211). This finding was confirmed in an independent Vietnamese validation cohort (N=87; 9/87, 19.1% vs 1/20, 2.5%; log-rank p=0.02) and an Indonesian validation cohort (N=468, 127/287, 44.3% vs 65/181, 35.9%, log-rank p=0.06).ConclusionsThe MUC5AC rs28737416 T/T and T/C genotypes were associated with higher susceptibility and mortality from TBM and lower CSF concentrations of TNF and IFNγ compared to the C/C genotype, suggesting that MUC5AC contributes to immune changes that influence TBM outcomes.
Completeness and consistency of ethnicity categorisations in administrative data: A comparison between linked health and education datasets
Authors: Wickersham Alice , Das-Munshi Jayati , Ford Tamsin , Stewart Robert , Downs Johnny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEthnicity data are critical for identifying inequalities in the population, but previous studies suggest that it is not consistently recorded between different administrative datasets. With researchers increasingly leveraging cross-domain data linkages, we aimed to investigate the completeness and consistency of ethnicity data in two linked health and education datasets.MethodsWe used an existing individual-level data linkage between South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust de-identified electronic health records, accessed via the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS), and the National Pupil Database (NPD) (2007-2013). For a cohort of children and adolescents referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, we used descriptive statistics to summarise the availability of ethnicity data from each source and explore how aggregate ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Other) compared between the sources. We also conducted unadjusted logistic regression analyses to estimate how ethnicity was associated with two key educational and clinical outcomes (educational attainment and neurodevelopmental disorder) when coding ethnicity from each source.ResultsOf the n=30,426 available linked records, ethnicity data was available for 79.3% from the NPD, 87.0% from CRIS, 97.3% from either source and 69.0% from both sources. Among those who had ethnicity data from both, the two data sources agreed on 87.0% of aggregate ethnicity categorisations overall, but with high levels of disagreement in Mixed and Other ethnic groups. Strength of the associations between ethnicity, educational attainment and neurodevelopmental disorder varied according to which data source was used to code ethnicity. For example, as compared to White pupils, a significantly higher proportion of Asian pupils achieved expected educational attainment thresholds only if ethnicity was coded from the NPD (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.48 to 2.31, p<0.001), not if ethnicity was coded from CRIS (OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.97 to 1.44, p=0.099).ConclusionsData linkage has the potential to minimise missing ethnicity data, and overlap in ethnicity categorisations between CRIS and the NPD was generally high. However, choosing which data source to primarily code ethnicity from can have implications for analyses of ethnicity, mental health, and educational outcomes. Users of linked data should exercise caution in combining and comparing ethnicity between different data sources.
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Microparticle Formulation Reverses Muscle Hyperalgesia in Mouse Model of Widespread Muscle Pain
Authors: Lesnak Joseph B. , Nakhla David S. , Plumb Ashley N. , McMillan Alexandra , Saha Sanjib , Gupta Nikesh , Xu Yan , Phruttiwanichakun Pornpoj , Rasmussen Lynn , Meyerholz David K. , Salem Aliasger K. , Sluka Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrently, there is a need for the generation of non-opioid analgesics for treating chronic pain. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the analgesic effects of testosterone. However, treatment with testosterone is not feasible due to adverse effects. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) were developed to overcome these limitations by minimizing activation of androgenic side effects. First, we demonstrate SARM administration alleviates widespread muscle pain in male and female mice. We then developed a SARM-loaded PLGA microparticle formulation that reverses widespread muscle pain in two injections. In vitro and in vivo release kinetics demonstrate the microparticle formulation had sustained SARM release for 4 weeks. Antagonism of androgen receptors blocked the analgesic effects of the SARM microparticles. SARM treatment had no effect on cardiac or liver enzymes, cardiac histology, and did not produce rewarding behavior. These studies demonstrate SARM microparticles as a potential therapeutic for chronic muscle pain.One Sentence SummaryA selective androgen receptor modulator microparticle formulation alleviates widespread muscle pain in male and female mice while being non-toxic.
Regulation of Auditory Sensory Neuron Diversity by Runx1
Authors: Shrestha Brikha R , Wu Lorna , Goodrich Lisa V 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFunctional heterogeneity among sensory neurons is a cardinal property of the vertebrate auditory system, yet it is not known how this heterogeneity is established to ensure proper encoding of sound. Here, we show that the transcription factor Runx1 controls the composition of molecularly and physiologically diverse sensory neurons (Ia, Ib, Ic) in the murine cochlea, which collectively encode a wide range of sound intensities. Runx1 is enriched in Ib and Ic spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) precursors by late embryogenesis. Loss of Runx1 from embryonic SGNs (Runx1CKO) shifted the balance of subtype identities without affecting neuron number, with more SGNs taking on Ia identities at the expense of Ib/Ic identities, as shown by single cell RNA-sequencing. This conversion was more complete for genes linked to neuronal function than for those related to connectivity. Accordingly, although synaptic position did not change, synapses in the Ib/Ic location took on Ia-like properties. Suprathreshold responses to sound were enhanced in the auditory nerve of Runx1CKO mice, confirming an expansion of neurons behaving functionally like Ia SGNs. Fate-mapping experiments further showed that deletion of Runx1 shortly after birth also redirected Ib and Ic SGNs towards Ia identity, indicating that SGN subtype identities remain plastic postnatally. Altogether, these findings show that diverse neuronal identities essential for normal auditory stimulus coding arise in a hierarchical fashion that remains malleable during postnatal development.
Amygdala hyperactivation relates to eating behavior: a potential indicator of food addiction in Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Strelnikov Kuzma , Debladis Jimmy , Salles Juliette , Valette Marion , Cortadellas Julie , Tauber Maithé , Barone Pascal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder involving nutritional, endocrine /metabolic, emotional and behavior dimensions. There is evidence for impaired hypothalamic development and function in PWS, involving oxytocin and ghrelin, which can account for the typical PWS phenotype. Hyperphagia with addiction-like behavior is one of the common features of PWS and is a consequence of the hypothalamic dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesized that brain regions associated with compulsive eating behavior would be abnormally activated by food-related odors in PWS, as these can stimulate the appetite and induce hunger-related behavior.MethodsWe used a classic olfactory discrimination test to verify that olfaction was normal in patients with PWS. In an fMRI scanner, we presented two odors, a tulip and a caramel odor, which have a different hedonic valence and a different capacity to arouse hunger-related behavior.ResultsThere was a five-fold higher activation in the right amygdala for the caramel odor compared with the tulip odor in patients with PWS (n=14). No such hyperactivation was found in age-matched controls (n=11). Cluster analysis of clinical hyperphagia scores in patients with PWS revealed a link with the right amygdala hyperactivation.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence for functional alteration of the right amygdala in PWS, which is part of the brain reward network involved in food addiction. This finding may relate to dysfunction of the ghrelin and oxytocin systems in PWS, as these are involved in addictive behavior, appetite, and olfactory bulb regulation.
Current state of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in informal health centers in Douala and Ebolowa, Cameroon
Authors: Amboua-Schouamé Lydie Audrey , Bigna Jean Joel , Schouamé Isacar Lucel , Nolna Sylvie Kwedi , Socpa Antoine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInformal health care providers are key actors for health care provision in developing countries for poor populations. Thus, in Cameroon, in 2017, there were more than 3,000 Informal Health facilities. In a context of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, we describe the offer of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in informal health centers.MethodsThis two-phase cross-sectional study was carried out in two cities in Cameroon notably Douala and Ebolowa. The first step was conducted from March 2019 to July 2019 in 110 informal health centers and the second from August 2019 to January 2020 with 183 Health Providers in these informal health centers. Standardized questionnaires were administered. Data collected were entered in kobo Collect software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression at a level of significance of 5% were used.ResultsOf the 110 informal health centers, 109 integrated HIV testing into the antenatal check-up package. Among them, 43% (47/109) reported giving antiretroviral treatment to HIV infected pregnant women, while the remaining referred them to formal HIV care centers. Regarding delivery services, 52% (53/101) of those who offered them referred HIV exposed newborn for further PMTCT care. Knowledge of PMTCT was insufficient among 51% (94/183) of health providers and 90% (165/183) had insufficient PMTCT practices. Health providers with no PMTCT experience were more likely to have insufficient knowledge of PMTCT (aOR= 32.04, 95%CI: 6.29 to 163.10, p<0.001) whereas, those without any formal PMTCT training were more at risk of having insufficient knowledge (aOR= 3.02, 95%CI: 1.06 to 8.64, p=0.03) and insufficient practices (OR= 4.35, 95%CI: 1.44 to 13.09, p=0.009) towards PMTCT.ConclusionGiven their proximity to the populations and the PMTCT activities they conduct most often; particular attention should be paid to PMTCT in informal health centers.
Rationally designed Gla-domainless FXa as TFPI bait in hemophilia
Authors: Dagher Marie-Claire , Ersayin Atanur , Seyve Landry , Castellan Mathieu , Moreau Cyril , Choisnard Luc , Thielens Nicole , Marlu Raphaël , Polack Benoît , Thomas Aline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGla-domainless factor Xa (GD-FXa) was proposed as a trap to the endogenous anticoagulant Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) to restore thrombin generation in hemophilia. Using computational chemistry and experimental approaches, we previously showed that S195A GD-FXa also binds TFPI and restores ex vivo coagulation in hemophilia plasmas.To design a GD-FXa variant with improved anti-TFPI activity and identify suitable sites for mutagenesis, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. The calculations identified residues R150FXa and K96FXa as cold-spots of interaction between GD-FXa and the K2 domain of TFPI. In the three-dimensional model, both residues are facing TFPI hydrophobic residues and are thus potential candidates for mutagenesis into hydrophobic residues to favor an improved protein-protein interaction.Catalytically inactive GD-FXa variants containing the S195A mutation and additional mutations as K96Y, R150I, R150G and R150F were produced to experimentally confirm these computational hypotheses. Among these mutants, the R150FFXA showed increased affinity for TFPI as theoretically predicted, and was also more effective than S195A GD-FXa in restoring coagulation in FVIII deficient plasmas. Moreover, the R150 mutants lost interaction with antithrombin, which is favorable to extend their half-life.