bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misuse of prescribed psychotropic medication and drug crime offending: A follow‐up case‐control study of former adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Kontu Mikaela , Kantojärvi Liisa , Hakko Helinä , Riala Kaisa , Riipinen Pirkko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious psychotropic prescription drugs are known to have potential for misuse. Among teenagers, non‐medical use of prescription drugs may predate illicit drug use or occur concomitantly.AimsOur aim was to examine prescriptions of psychotropic medications among drug crime offenders and non‐criminal controls in a psychiatric inpatient cohort of 13–17‐year‐olds. Our research question was: were prescribed psychotropic and potentially addictive drugs associated with later drug crime offending.MethodsOur sample was of all 60 adolescents who had been convicted of a drug crime by young adulthood with a twice‐sized control group, matched for gender, age and family‐type, from a cohort of 508 adolescents consecutively admitted to a psychiatric inpatient care in Finland between April 2001 and March 2006. Adolescence‐related information on substance use and psychiatric disorders was obtained by semi‐structured interviews. Follow‐up information on crimes and medication purchases was obtained from Finnish nationwide registers. The association of studied factors to drug crime offending was examined using stepwise binary logistic regression analysis.Results75% of drug crime offenders and 47% of non‐criminal controls had used addictive psychotropic medications during the follow‐up period (p < 0.001). 74% of all drug crime offenders' purchases of prescribed addictive drugs occurred within the year preceding drug crimes. Of addictive drugs, the use of clonazepam and gabapentinoids was most likely to associate with drug crime offending (AOR 7.77, p < 0.001). Conduct and substance use disorders diagnosed in adolescence (AOR 3.49, p = 0.010; AOR 2.34, p = 0.050) were predictors for drug crime offending.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, when treating young adults with conduct disorder and a history of substance use, physicians should prescribe addictive medications with caution, favouring instead non‐addictive medications complemented by psychosocial interventions.
Effective Maxwell−Stefan diffusion model of near ambient air drying validated with experiments on Thomson seedless grapes
Authors: Kulkarni Ameya H. , Dalvi Vishwanath H. , Deshmukh Suresh P. , Kelkar Anil K. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith 8% of the world's grapes being dried into raisins, grape drying constitutes a sizable part of agricultural revenue. The drying process in the developing regions of the world struggles with a lack of reliable drying techniques and rising energy costs. In this work, we report a systematic study to elucidate the intrinsic drying kinetics of Thomson seedless grapes. The grapes are subjected to drying by warm air (40−55°C) rather than hot air (>60°C), which has the advantage of producing the sought‐after green raisins. The air velocity is varied between 0.05 and 0.15 m/s to isolate the effect of external mass transfer resistance. A 1D mathematical model was developed that incorporates the effects of internal diffusion and external mass transfer resistance as well as the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the kinetics and driving forces. In addition, the model incorporates a novel thermodynamic model to describe the vapour pressure of water at the surface of the grape. The uniqueness of the model is that it combines thermodynamics and mass transfer in a single framework. Therefore, the parameters that describe the evaporation are the same parameters that describe the internal diffusion within the matrix, making the model robust. This robust, experiment‐trained model can be reliably transferred to develop detailed computational protocols to model cost‐effective grape drying processes in the field.
Use of cangrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Study design and interim analysis of the ARCANGELO study
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Calabrò Paolo , Chirillo Fabio , Rolfo Cristina , Menozzi Alberto , Capranzano Piera , Menichelli Maurizio , Nicolini Elisa , Mauro Ciro , Trani Carlo , Versaci Francesco , Tomai Fabrizio , Musumeci Giuseppe , Di Mario Carlo , Pepe Martino , Berti Sergio , Cernetti Carlo , Cirillo Plinio , Maffeo Diego , Talanas Giuseppe , Ferlini Marco , Contarini Marco , Lanzilotti Valerio , Scherillo Marino , Tarantini Giuseppe , Muraglia Simone , Rossini Roberta , Bolognese Leonardo ,   ARCANGELO study group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe itAlian pRospective Study on CANGrELOr (ARCANGELO) was aimed to assess the safety of using cangrelor during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the daily practice.HypothesisThe safety of cangrelor after the transition to oral P2Y12 inhibitors was evaluated as the incidence of bleeding outcomes in the 30 days following PCI according to postauthorization safety study guidelines.MethodsAdults with ACS who were treated with cangrelor in one of the 28 centers involved in the study. Patients who consented to participate were followed in the 30 days following their PCI. Bleedings (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] classification), major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and adverse events were recorded. The interim results at two‐thirds of the enrollment period are presented.ResultsA total of 17 bleedings were observed in the 320 patients who completed the study at this stage. All bleedings were classified as BARC Type 1–2, except for one case of Type 3a (vessel puncture site hematoma). Four patients experienced MACEs (2 acute myocardial infarctions, 1 sudden cardiac death, 1 noncardiovascular death due to respiratory distress, and multiorgan failure). None of the bleedings was rated as related to cangrelor.ConclusionsThe interim results of the ARCANGELO study provide a preliminary confirmation that the use of cangrelor on patients with ACS undergoing PCI is not associated with severe bleedings.
Cost‐effectiveness of three internet‐based interventions for eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rohrbach Pieter J. , Dingemans Alexandra E. , van Furth Eric F. , Spinhoven Philip , van Ginkel Joost R. , Bauer Stephanie , van den Akker‐Van Marle M. Elske 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was assessing the cost‐effectiveness of an internet‐based self‐help program, expert‐patient support, and the combination of both compared to a care‐as‐usual condition.MethodAn economic evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial. Participants aged 16 or older with at least mild eating disorder symptoms were randomly assigned to four conditions: (1) Featback, an online unguided self‐help program, (2) chat or e‐mail support from a recovered expert patient, (3) Featback with expert‐patient support, and (4) care‐as‐usual. After a baseline assessment and intervention period of 8 weeks, five online assessments were conducted over 12 months of follow‐up. The main result constituted cost‐utility acceptability curves with quality‐of‐life adjusted life years (QALYs) and societal costs over the entire study duration.ResultsNo significant differences between the conditions were found regarding QALYs, health care costs and societal costs. Nonsignificant differences in QALYs were in favor of the Featback conditions and the lowest societal costs per participant were observed in the Featback only condition (€16,741) while the highest costs were seen in the care‐as‐usual condition (€28,479). The Featback only condition had the highest probability of being efficient compared to the alternatives for all acceptable willingness‐to‐pay values.DiscussionFeatback, an internet‐based unguided self‐help intervention, was likely to be efficient compared to Featback with guidance from an expert patient, guidance alone and a care‐as‐usual condition. Results suggest that scalable interventions such as Featback may reduce health care costs and help individuals with eating disorders that are currently not reached by other forms of treatment.Public significance statementInternet‐based interventions for eating disorders might reach individuals in society who currently do not receive appropriate treatment at low costs. Featback, an online automated self‐help program for eating disorders, was found to improve quality of life slightly while reducing costs for society, compared to a do‐nothing approach. Consequently, implementing internet‐based interventions such as Featback likely benefits both individuals suffering from an eating disorder and society as a whole.
Smaller species experience mild adversity under shading in an old‐field plant community
Authors: Balfour Kelly C. , Greco Danielle A. , Gridzak Riley , Piggott Gillian , Schamp Brandon S. , Aarssen Lonnie W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant competition experiments commonly suggest that larger species have an advantage, primarily in terms of light acquisition. However, within crowded natural vegetation, where competition evidently impacts fitness, most resident species are relatively small. It remains unclear, therefore, whether the size advantage observed in controlled experiments is normally realized in habitats where competition is most intense. We characterized the light environment and tested for evidence of a size advantage in competition for light in an old‐field plant community composed of perennial herbaceous species. We investigated whether larger species contributed to reduced light penetration (i.e., greater shading), and examined the impact of shade on smaller species by testing whether their abundance and richness were lower in plots with less light penetration. Light penetration in plots ranged from 0.3% to 72.4%. Significant effects were more common when analyses focused on small plants that reached reproduction (i.e., flowering rooted units); focusing on only flowering plants (i.e., excluding nonflowering rooted units) can clarify community patterns. Plots with a greater mean species height had significantly lower light penetration, and plots with lower light penetration had significantly lower flowering abundance and richness of small species. However, the impact of shade on the flowering abundance and richness of small species was relatively small (R2 values between 8% and 15%) and depended on how we defined “small species.”Synthesis: Our results confirm that light penetration in herbaceous vegetation can be comparable to levels seen in forests, that plots with taller species cast more shade, and that flowering smaller species are less abundant and diverse in plots where light penetration is low. However, variation in mean plot height explained less than 10% of variation in light penetration, and light penetration explained between 5 and 15% of variation in the flowering abundance and richness of small species. Coupled with the fact that flowering small species were present even within the most heavily shaded plots, our results suggest that any advantage in light competition by large species is limited. One explanation is that at least some small species in these communities are shade‐tolerant. Shade tolerance in predominantly herbaceous communities, particularly among small plant species, requires further research.
Topographic and vegetation drivers of thermal heterogeneity along the boreal–grassland transition zone in western Canada: Implications for climate change refugia
Authors: Estevo Cesar A. , Stralberg Diana , Nielsen Scott E. , Bayne Erin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change refugia are areas that are relatively buffered from contemporary climate change and may be important safe havens for wildlife and plants under anthropogenic climate change. Topographic variation is an important driver of thermal heterogeneity, but it is limited in relatively flat landscapes, such as the boreal plain and prairie regions of western Canada. Topographic variation within this region is mostly restricted to river valleys and hill systems, and their effects on local climates are not well documented. We sought to quantify thermal heterogeneity as a function of topography and vegetation cover within major valleys and hill systems across the boreal–grassland transition zone.Using iButton data loggers, we monitored local temperature at four hills and 12 river valley systems that comprised a wide range of habitats and ecosystems in Alberta, Canada (N = 240), between 2014 and 2020. We then modeled monthly temperature by season as a function of topography and different vegetation cover types using general linear mixed effect models.Summer maximum temperatures (Tmax) varied nearly 6°C across the elevation gradient sampled. Local summer mean (Tmean) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures on steep, north‐facing slopes (i.e., low levels of potential solar radiation) were up to 0.70°C and 2.90°C cooler than highly exposed areas, respectively. Tmax in incised valleys was between 0.26 and 0.28°C cooler than other landforms, whereas areas with greater terrain roughness experienced maximum temperatures that were up to 1.62°C cooler. We also found that forest cover buffered temperatures locally, with coniferous and mixedwood forests decreasing summer Tmean from 0.23 to 0.72°C and increasing winter Tmin by up to 2°C, relative to non‐forested areas.Spatial predictions of temperatures from iButton data loggers were similar to a gridded climate product (ClimateNA), but the difference between them increased with potential solar radiation, vegetation cover, and terrain roughness.Species that can track their climate niche may be able to compensate for regional climate warming through local migrations to cooler microsites. Topographic and vegetation characteristics that are related to cooler local climates should be considered in the evaluation of future climate change impacts and to identify potential refugia from climate change.
Forb composition gradients and intra‐annual variation in a threatened Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie
Authors: Averett Joshua P. , Endress Bryan A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrasslands are among the most threatened and least protected terrestrial biome. Grassland forbs: (1) account for most of the floral diversity; (2) are not well studied because they have been overshadowed by grass‐centered research; and (3) have been a major source for biodiversity loss. The Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie (PNB) of North America is one of the most endangered grasslands on earth. Knowledge of vegetation community dynamics in the PNB is based primarily on bunchgrasses. There is a paucity of information related to the PNB's diverse native perennial forbs (hereafter “forbs”). Consequently, PNB forb community patterns and dynamics are largely unknown. We describe forb community structure and its relationship to environmental factors and phenology. We sampled 29 plots in the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range, northeastern Oregon, at three different times during 2016 (April; May; July). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicated that the dominant gradient in forb composition was related (R2 = 0.66) to slope and soil P and K, contrasting flat, poorly drained soils (scabflats) at one end with steep, well‐drained soils at the other end. The secondary gradient (R2 = 0.16) contrasted deeper, finer textured soils at one end with shallow, rocky soils at the other. Forb richness decreased by ~40% from April to July. NMS and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) showed that most forbs had affinities toward spring. Ubiquitous forbs (e.g., Triteleia grandiflora, Camassia quamash) were sparse to absent by July. Contradictory to general descriptions of the PNB, forb cover and richness in drought‐prone sites were comparable to mesic sites when spring data were considered. Our findings suggest that PNB grasslands contain diverse forb communities that are structured primarily by water drainage and soil depth. Conventional sampling concomitant with peak grass biomass is insufficient to characterize PNB forb communities, particularly for scabflats and the most drought‐prone soils.
The importance of fine‐scale predictors of wild boar habitat use in an isolated population
Authors: Bacigalupo Sonny A. , Chang Yu‐mei , Dixon Linda K. , Gubbins Simon , Kucharski Adam J. , Drewe Julian A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Predicting the likelihood of wildlife presence at potential wildlife–livestock interfaces is challenging. These interfaces are usually relatively small geographical areas where landscapes show large variation over small distances. Models of wildlife distribution based on coarse data over wide geographical ranges may not be representative of these interfaces. High‐resolution data can help identify fine‐scale predictors of wildlife habitat use at a local scale and provide more accurate predictions of species habitat use. These data may be used to inform knowledge of interface risks, such as disease transmission between wildlife and livestock, or human–wildlife conflict.

This study uses fine‐scale habitat use data from wild boar (Sus scrofa) based on activity signs and direct field observations in and around the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England. Spatial logistic regression models fitted using a variant of penalized quasi‐likelihood were used to identify habitat‐based and anthropogenic predictors of wild boar signs.

Our models showed that within the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in spring, in forest‐type habitats, closer to the center of the forest and near litter bins. In the area surrounding the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in forest‐type habitats and near recreational parks and less likely to be seen near livestock.

This approach shows that wild boar habitat use can be predicted using fine‐scale data over comparatively small areas and in human‐dominated landscapes, while taking account of the spatial correlation from other nearby fine‐scale data‐points. The methods we use could be applied to map habitat use of other wildlife species in similar landscapes, or of movement‐restricted, isolated, or fragmented wildlife populations.
Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload trial (ADVOR): baseline characteristics
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Dauw Jeroen , Martens Pieter , Meekers Evelyne , Nijst Petra , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Chenot Fabien , Moubayed Samer , Dierckx Riet , Blouard Philippe , Derthoo David , Smolders Walter , Ector Bavo , Hulselmans Michaël , Lochy Stijn , Raes David , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Vandekerckhove Hans , Hofkens Pieter‐Jan , Goossens Kathleen , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , De Ceuninck Michel , Gabriel Laurence , Timmermans Philippe , Prihadi Edgard A. , Van Durme Frederik , Depauw Michel , Vervloet Delphine , Viaene Els , Vachiery Jean‐Luc , Tartaglia Katrien , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Bruckers Liesbeth , Droogne Walter , Troisfontaines Pierre , Damman Kevin , Lassus Johan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Dupont Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AimsTo describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload (ADVOR) trial and compare these with other contemporary diuretic trials in acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsADVOR recruited 519 patients with AHF, clinically evident volume overload, elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and maintenance loop diuretic therapy prior to admission. All participants received standardized loop diuretics and were randomized towards once daily intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg) versus placebo, stratified according to study centre and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (≤40% vs. >40%). The primary endpoint was successful decongestion assessed by a dedicated score indicating no more than trace oedema and no other signs of congestion after three consecutive days of treatment without need for escalating treatment. Mean age was 78 years, 63% were men, mean LVEF was 43%, and median NT‐proBNP 6173 pg/ml. The median clinical congestion score was 4 with an EuroQol‐5 dimensions health utility index of 0.6. Patients with LVEF ≤40% were more often male, had more ischaemic heart disease, higher levels of NT‐proBNP and less atrial fibrillation. Compared with diuretic trials in AHF, patients enrolled in ADVOR were considerably older with higher NT‐proBNP levels, reflecting the real‐world clinical situation.ConclusionADVOR is the largest randomized diuretic trial in AHF, investigating acetazolamide to improve decongestion on top of standardized loop diuretics. The elderly enrolled population with poor quality of life provides a good representation of the real‐world AHF population. The pragmatic design will provide novel insights in the diuretic treatment of patients with AHF.
Efficient nanoparticle focusing utilizing cascade AC electroosmotic flow
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed , Yamasaki Keiichi , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Motosuke Masahiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents on‐chip continuous accumulation and concentration of nanoscale samples using a cascade alternating current electroosmosis (cACEO) flow. ACEO can generate flow motion caused by ion movement due to interactions between the AC electric field and the induced charge layer on the electrode surface, with the potential to accumulate particles, especially in low‐conductive liquid. However, the intrinsic particle diffusive motion, which is sensitive to particle size, is an essential element influencing accumulation efficiency. In this study, an electrode combining chevron and double‐gap geometry embedded in a microfluidic channel was developed to perform efficient three‐dimensional (3D) nanoparticle focusing using ACEO. The chevron electrode pattern was introduced upstream of the focusing zone to overcome particle accumulation in scattering zones near the channel sidewall. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed device for particle accumulation, three nanoparticle types were used: latex, metal, and biomaterial. Continuous 3D concentration of 50‐nm polystyrene particles was confirmed. The concentration factor, determined based on image processing, became quite high when 50‐nm gold nanoparticles were used. Moreover, nanoparticles with a 20‐nm diameter were accumulated using cACEO. Finally, we used the concentrator chip to accumulate 50‐nm liposome particles, confirming that the device could also successfully concentrate biomaterials.