bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent fault warning method of rotating machinery with intraclass and interclass infographic embedding
Authors: Sun Zejin , Wang Youren , Gao Jiahao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rotating machinery is widely used in industrial production facilities, and once a failure occurs, it can be catastrophic. Alerting to potential defects in time to prevent further equipment degradation is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel two-stage fault warning framework is proposed for early fault warning of rotating machinery. Specifically, a new method based on intra-class and inter-class neighborhood information graph embedding orthogonal discriminant projection is firstly adopted in this framework to extract the global distribution feature information and local geometric structure information of the data so that the homogeneous distance is compressed and the heterogeneous distance is distanced. Secondly, the minimum quantization error between the sample to be measured and the optimal winning neuron weight vector is calculated by self-organizing map to characterize the health state change, and combined with the Beta distribution self-learning technique to establish the fault warning threshold to circumvent the defects brought by the traditional fixation and it. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the bearing and planetary gearbox test cases, and exciting conclusions are obtained under different working conditions in the gearbox case.
Comparison of 126 MeV antiproton and proton—a FLUKA-based microdosimetric approach
Authors: Chattaraj Arghya , Selvam T P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. This study aims at comparing dosimetric parameters of 126 MeV antiprotons and protons using microdosimetric approach. Approach. Microdosimetric distributions of 126 MeV proton and antiproton beams at 1 μm site size are calculated using the Monte Carlo-based FLUKA code. The distributions are calculated at various depths along the central axis in water phantom as well as at different off-axis locations. The study also includes calculations of secondary radiations produced by antiprotons and protons. Mean quality factor,

Q
¯

is calculated using the ICRP 60 and ICRU 40 recommendations. The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of HSG tumour cell at 10% survival level is calculated based on Microdosimetric Kinetic Model. Main results.

Q
¯

I
C
R
P
,

Q

¯

ICRU

and RBE for antiprotons are higher by a factor of about 3.60, 3.41 and 1.24, respectively, at Bragg-peak and higher by a factor of about 1.41, 1.76 and 1.05, respectively, at plateau region of depth-dose profile when compared to protons. At 15 cm depth along the central axis,

Q

¯

ICRP

,

Q

¯

ICRU

and RBE for protons are higher by a factor of about 1.42, 1.66 and 1.26, respectively, when compared to antiprotons. At the off-axis distance (Ld
) of 6 cm (at 11.5 cm depth in water),

Q

¯

ICRP

and

Q

¯

ICRU

of protons are higher than that of antiproton whereas the trend is opposite at off-axis distance of 4 cm. At Ld

= 4 cm (at 11.5 cm depth in water), RBE of antiprotons is higher by about 4% than protons whereas at Ld
= 6 cm, RBE of protons is higher by about 13% than antiprotons. Significance. The study shows that antiproton radiotherapy is advantageous as compared to protons considering enhancements in the absorbed dose and RBE-weighed dose values at the Bragg-peak.
Defect regulation of AlN films based on Al-rich AlN targets
Authors: Wen DanDan , Shen Yue , Sun PeiYang , Huang Jian , Gu Feng , Wang Linjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) films with low defect concentration were fabricated on Si substrates via RF magnetron sputtering system based on Al-rich AlN (Al-AlN) targets. The effects of Al-rich content on structure, defects and photoelectric properties of AlN films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low temperature photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible spectra, current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics. In particular, the defects of AlN films were investigated by XPS and low-temperature PL analyses, indicating that Al-rich AlN targets can help to reduce the defects of Al vacancy and O impurity of AlN films with an optimal Al-rich content of 1.5 wt. % (A1.5). Schottky contact behavior between AlN films and Ti/Al/Ni/Au multi-layer electrodes were revealed from I–V curves of all samples based on parallel electrodes, and AlN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) devices prepared by A1.5 films exhibited the lowest leakage current of 2.43 × 10−8 A at the bias of 5 V. C–V tests indicate the less defect density and lower carrier concentrations of vertical structure of A1.5 devices. This work offers a feasible approach to regulate the defects of AlN films for practical application.
Numerical studies on saturated kink and sawtooth induced fast ion transport in JET ITER-like plasmas
Authors: Bonofiglo P.J. , Podestà M. , Vallar M. , Gorelenkov N.N. , Kiptily V. , White R.B. , Giroud C. , Brezinsek S. , Contributors JET 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This presentation examines the energetic particle transport induced by saturated kink modes and sawtooth crashes in JET deuterium plasmas. It is known that kink mode-resonant transport and phase-space redistribution from sawtooth crashes can drive strong fast ion transport with dependencies on particle pitch and energy. Measurements with JET’s Faraday cup fast ion loss detector array have shown that the internal kink growth phase preceding sawtooth crashes produces substantial fast ion losses. This report will numerically investigate the dominant energetic particle transport mechanism with a detailed examination of the fast ion phase-space dependencies, resonances, orbit topology changes, induced losses, and redistribution associated with the long-lived, resonant, kink mode and non-resonant sawtooth crash. The ORBIT-kick model forms the basis of the transport studies with realistic fast ion distributions produced from TRANSP. A recently created reduced model for sawtooth induced transport is used while the saturated kink modes are modeled with ideal magnetohydrodynamic codes. The simulations were further validated against experiment with a newly developed synthetic Faraday cup fast ion loss detector in addition to scintillator probe and neutron measurements.
Thick interface size effect on dislocation transmission in nanolaminates
Authors: Xu S , Cheng J Y , Mara N A , Beyerlein I J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent experimental studies have reported that thick interfaces in nanolaminates can lead to greater strengths than conventionally sharp interfaces without sacrificing deformability. Using a multi-phase phase-field dislocation dynamics model, dislocation transmission across a compositionally graded, nanoscale thick interface is investigated. Thicker interfaces over a finite range are found to lead to greater resistance to transmission. The limit interface thickness at which the peak resistance is reached, and the strengthening capacity of the interface are greater when the dislocation is dissociated, as in a face-centered cubic lattice, than when it is compact, as in a body-centered cubic lattice. The composition transitions within the interface are treated with multiple sublayers, and it is found that the interface transmission barrier is as strong as its most resistance composition.
Local deformation mechanisms in metal systems with a tailored grain size distribution
Authors: Godfrey A , Gao W Q , Le G M , Zhang C L , Zhu K N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A large change in yield strength and ductility takes place in metals with a recrystallized average grain size in the near-micrometer grain size regime. This has been utilized to explore the influence of grain size heterogeneity on plastic deformation for recrystallized grains in aluminum prepared by spark plasma sintering, where tailoring of the grain size distribution and spatial arrangement can be achieved by selecting powder sizes and mixing conditions prior to sintering. The spatial variation of plastic deformation has been explored by digital image correlation (DIC), either at the sample scale or at the grain scale. For the latter colloidal SiO2 markers also allow repeated collection of electron backscatter diffraction data over the same area during in-situ deformation, proving correlated information on local displacement gradients and crystal lattice rotations. For samples prepared from well-mixed powders only small deviations from a rule-of-mixtures in the yield strength are observed. A mesoscale pattern of strain distribution is observed from DIC investigations where this is related to, but not fully consistent with, the spatial arrangement of fine and coarse grains. In the case of macroscopically layered arrangements of coarse and fine grains, deformation is dominated by development of local strain concentrations, which take place preferentially in the fine grain regions.
Crystallographic Variability in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Fonda Richard W. , Rowenhorst David J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The crystallographic textures produced during additive manufacturing can be understood, predicted, and manipulated by varying the grain nucleation and growth processes. The resultant textures are primarily dictated by the melt pool geometry, which defines the local thermal gradient and thus the preferred crystal growth directions, as well as the scan strategy, which controls the propagation of grain orientations into subsequent layers. This texture can be diluted through heterogeneous nucleation of new grain orientations, which can occur through a variety of mechanisms. This ability to control the texture during additive manufacturing can enable the location-specific control of properties as a function of position in the build.
Grain growth in thin film under strong temperature gradients
Authors: Zöllner Dana , Pantleon Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Grain growth in thin films has attracted lots of attention due to the numerous applications of polycrystalline films, on one hand, and modified properties due to changes in the microstructure caused by thermal effects, on the other hand. While the phenomenon of grain growth is well understood in general, effects of e.g. temperature gradients leave questions open still today. In the present study, we investigate the influence of strong temperature gradients on grain growth in thin films. To that aim, a modified three-dimensional Potts model algorithm is employed, where the annealing temperature depends on the position within the sample leading to spatial heterogeneities in the grain boundary network. As a consequence of different mobilities, a drag effect occurs on the boundary network evolution that has serious consequences for the microstructures evolving during grain growth.
Grain boundary evolution in nanograined metals: from relaxation to Schwarzation
Authors: Li X , Lu K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High density of grain boundaries (GBs) in nanograined metals may become unstable and evolve in various ways such as migration, sliding, or relaxation under thermal or mechanical stimuli. In this report, we will present our recent studies on structural evolution of GBs in nanograined Cu during intensive plastic deformation. As the grain size decreased below 200 nm, GB migration become obvious assisted by dislocation activities. Below 70 nm, accompanied by a transition in dominant deformation mechanism from full dislocations to partials, GB migration decays gradually, while the GB structures relax into lower energy states through their interactions with partials. The population of low-energy GBs increases with a decreasing grain size. Below 10 nm, further refinement of grains results in a violent structural evolution of the GB network into a 3-dimensional periodic minimal surface structure, Schwarz-D, through a phase-transformation-like process, which is termed as Schwarzation.
Characterization of hierarchical lath martensite microstructure in low carbon steels using ultra-high voltage TEM and SEM-EBSD analysis
Authors: Sugiyama M , Takei M , Sekida S , Maruyama N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lath martensite is a heterogenous microstructure in low carbon steels and plays an important part in microstructure for the high strength steels. The complex martensitic structure has been clarified as the hierarchical block and packet structures using SEM observations and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. As the result of variant analysis, it is found that the block consists of sub-blocks and the block size and distribution seem to be new key factors to control the mechanical properties. Each block is further subdivided by laths, which are the finest structural units in lath martensite. The morphology of laths and their variants in low carbon steels has been further investigated using the ultra-high voltage TEM (UHVEM) with 3MeV in accelerated voltage. Based on a comparison of UHVEM and SEM observations for the same field of view, it is found that the laths have a further hierarchical organization with twinned morphology and the fragmented structure within the laths. Two plane crystal analysis of the twin in a lath has been carried out using SEM-EBSD analysis after Xe-FIB large area fabrication process, resulting in the identification of the twin morphology such as the {112} twin plane perpendicular to the {110} habit plane and along the <111> direction. Although several types of twinned morphology such as the long and short length are observed in the lath microstructure under TEM observations, the twinning structure observed in various forms is explained by a simple model in the present study.
Laboratory-scale gas atomizer for the manufacturing of metallic powders
Authors: del Rio D C , Juul Jensen D , Yu T , Tiedje N S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metallic powders for additive manufacturing (AM) processes are primarily produced by gas atomization, which consists of three steps: melting, atomization and cooling. In the present work, we report on the refurbishing of a laboratory-scale gas atomizer. The equipment facilitates small-scale atomization, useful for developing powders tailored specifically to metal AM processes (e.g. binder jetting, laser powder-bed fusion and direct energy deposition). The refurbished atomizer is operated by an in-house measurement and control system, fully equipped with pressure, oxygen, gas-flow and temperature sensors that allow the user to experiment with the input parameters, and thus, understand how they affect the physical and chemical properties of powders. In this paper, the working principle of the laboratory-scale gas atomizer is presented and the main characteristics of the newly refurbished equipment are described.
In-situ X-ray microtomography of interface between additively manufactured aluminium bronze and H13 tool steel
Authors: Linga Håkon , Zhang Yubin , Brøtan Vegard , Ren Xiaobo , Westermann Ida , Holmedal Bjørn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Directed energy deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing process category where material is melted as it is deposited, often powder melted with a focused laser. In this work aluminium bronze was deposited onto H13 tool steel using this technique, forming a mixing zone between the two metals. This mixing zone was examined with X-ray microtomography to obtain a three dimensional perspective that is unrealizable with conventional microscopy. Both the shape of the melt pools, the microstructure within, and processing defects could be discerned due to varying absorption of the radiation. In addition to characterizing the microstructure, the sample was also strained in three steps; the first step was to approximately 2.5 % strain, the second to 10.5 % and finally until fracture of the sample. The sample was scanned between each step, including a scan of the fracture surface. The ultimate tensile strength was found to be approximately 850 MPa and the fracture was observed to originate from cracks between the H13 substrate and the mixing zone. These cracks appeared to form in the second step of the straining. Additionally, local strains were estimated by utilizing pores in the sample as tracking points.
Registration of data from a multimodal investigation of particle stimulated nucleation in aluminum
Authors: Knipschildt E F F , Lei X , Zhang Y B , Yu T , Fæster S , Liu W , Sanders R E , Juul Jensen D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nucleation of recrystallization at large second phase particles during annealing is essential in many industrially relevant aluminum alloys. To adequately quantify the spatial distribution of such particles and their impact on nucleation in bulk materials, 3D investigations are needed. This study presents a multimodal characterization method to investigate particle stimulated nucleation in a heavily deformed AA5182 alloy. To map the spatial distribution of large second phase particles, conventional laboratory absorption contrast X-ray tomography is used, while the recrystallization nuclei are revealed by Laue micro-diffraction using synchrotron X-rays. The registration of data obtained by the two different non-destructive high-resolution experimental techniques is described. Finally, some preliminary results are presented.
Corrosion Performance of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel by Binder Jetting
Authors: Kaae P H , Eikeland E Z 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of microstructural defects on the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L additively manufactured with Metal Binder Jetting in high Cl- environments were studied herein. A comprehensive metallographic examination was conducted to identify microstructural defects followed by a corrosion study with electrochemical techniques with the aim of finding correlations between impurities in the microstructure and preferential nucleation sites. Despite, the high number of inclusions in the microstructure of the studied samples, none of the conducted corrosion tests showed a clear indication that they resulted in a decreased corrosion resistance as compared to areas with few inclusions. However, a significant higher pitting potential was observed on the as-printed samples compared to samples grinded with 600 grit SiC paper which will be discussed further.
Scaffold microarchitecture regulates angiogenesis and the regeneration of large bone defects
Authors: Eichholz Kian F , Freeman Fiona E , Pitacco Pierluca , Nulty Jessica , Ahern Daniel , Burdis Ross , Browe David C , Garcia Orquidea , Hoey David A , Kelly Daniel J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emerging 3D printing technologies can provide exquisite control over the external shape and internal architecture of scaffolds and tissue engineering (TE) constructs, enabling systematic studies to explore how geometric design features influence the regenerative process. Here we used fused deposition modelling (FDM) and melt electrowriting (MEW) to investigate how scaffold microarchitecture influences the healing of large bone defects. FDM was used to fabricate scaffolds with relatively large fibre diameters and low porosities, while MEW was used to fabricate scaffolds with smaller fibre diameters and higher porosities, with both scaffolds being designed to have comparable surface areas. Scaffold microarchitecture significantly influenced the healing response following implantation into critically sized femoral defects in rats, with the FDM scaffolds supporting the formation of larger bone spicules through its pores, while the MEW scaffolds supported the formation of a more round bone front during healing. After 12 weeks in vivo, both MEW and FDM scaffolds supported significantly higher levels of defect vascularisation compared to empty controls, while the MEW scaffolds supported higher levels of new bone formation. Somewhat surprisingly, this superior healing in the MEW group did not correlate with higher levels of angiogenesis, with the FDM scaffold supporting greater total vessel formation and the formation of larger vessels, while the MEW scaffold promoted the formation of a dense microvasculature with minimal evidence of larger vessels infiltrating the defect region. To conclude, the small fibre diameter, high porosity and high specific surface area of the MEW scaffold proved beneficial for osteogenesis and bone regeneration, demonstrating that changes in scaffold architecture enabled by this additive manufacturing technique can dramatically modulate angiogenesis and tissue regeneration without the need for complex exogenous growth factors. These results provide a valuable insight into the importance of 3D printed scaffold architecture when developing new bone TE strategies.
Effects of magnesium on microstructure, properties and degradation behaviors of zinc-based alloys prepared by selective laser melting
Authors: Ning Jie , Ma Zheng-Xiong , Zhang Lin-Jie , Wang Di-Pin , Na Suck-Joo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) technology was employed to manufacture Zn-3%Mg alloy and the effects of the addition of Mg elements on the density, microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of Zn-based alloy additively manufactured parts was investigated. Experiment results demonstrate that the density of pure Zn-based additively manufactured parts under optimal parameters can be up to 96.7%. With the same parameters, Zn–3Mg alloy was prepared by SLM additive manufacturing technology to obtain additively manufactured parts of Zn–3Mg alloy with the density of 96.0%. Compared with pure Zn, the average grain size in horizontal sections of additively manufactured parts added with 3 wt% Mg reduces from about 21.1 μm to about 2.1 μm and columnar crystals in vertical sections are transformed into equiaxed crystals. The microhardness of Zn–3Mg alloy is 2.6 times higher than that of pure Zn and tensile strengths in both the horizontal and vertical directions of Zn–3Mg alloy are twice as high as that of pure Zn. Moreover, the yield strength of Zn–3Mg alloy under compressive load is more than three times higher than that of pure Zn. After immersing pure Zn and Zn–3Mg alloy in simulated body field (SBF) for 7 days, their corrosion rates tend to be stable, i.e. about 0.13 and 0.09 mm·year−1 respectively, that is, the corrosion rate of Zn–3Mg alloy is about 70% that of pure Zn.