bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the FEEDS toolkit of parent-delivered interventions for eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties in young children with neurodisability: findings from a Delphi survey and stakeholder consultation workshops
Authors: Taylor Helen , Pennington Lindsay , Morris Christopher , Craig Dawn , McConachie Helen , Cadwgan Jill , Sellers Diane , Andrew Morag , Smith Johanna , Garland Deborah , McColl Elaine , Buswell Charlotte , Thomas Julian , Colver Allan , Parr Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundYoung children with neurodisability commonly experience eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties (EDSD). Little is documented about which interventions and outcomes are most appropriate for such children. We aimed to seek consensus between parents of children with neurodisability and health professionals on the appropriate interventions and outcomes to inform future clinical developments and research studies.MethodsTwo populations were sampled: parents of children aged up to 12 years with neurodisability who experienced EDSD; health professionals working with children and young people (aged 0–18 years) with neurodisability with experience of EDSD. Participants had taken part in a previous national survey and were invited to take part in a Delphi survey and/or consultation workshops. Two rounds of this Delphi survey sought agreement on the appropriate interventions and outcomes for use with children with neurodisability and EDSD. Two stakeholder consultation workshops were iterative, with the findings of the first discussed at the second, and conclusions reached.ResultsA total of 105 parents and 105 health professionals took part. Parents and health professionals viewed 19 interventions and 10 outcomes as essential. Interventions related to improvement in the physical aspects of a child’s EDSD, behavioural changes of the child or parent, and changes in the child or family’s well-being. Both parents and health professionals supported a ‘toolkit’ of interventions that they could use together in shared decision making to prioritise and implement timely interventions appropriate to the child.ConclusionsThis study identified interventions viewed as essential to consider for improving EDSD in children with neurodisability. It also identified several key outcomes that are valued by parents and health professionals. The Focus on Early Eating, Drinking and Swallowing (FEEDS) Toolkit of interventions to improve EDSD in children with neurodisability has been developed and now requires evaluation regarding its use and effectiveness.
Sociodemographic correlates and associated factors of depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja, Nigeria
Authors: Ugbe Ugbe Maurice-Joel , Esu Ekpereonne Babatunde , Efut Joseph Ajah , Bisongedam Marvin Muji , Awa Theresa Mark , Ekpo Ofem Irom 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDisplaced persons in Nigeria experience various difficulties at different stages of their displacement, including mental and physical problems. These experiences have been associated with different types of mental disorders.AimsThis study sought to identify sociodemographic correlates and other factors associated with depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja, Cross River State, Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability and probability sampling techniques. Internally displaced adults (n=335) were identified in Ogoja locations with a high prevalence of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Their mental health symptoms were assessed using the Common Mental Disorder Questionnaire, and a semistructured questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic and displacement-related characteristics. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ2analysis and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of subtypes was 66.0% for anxiety disorder and 73.4% for depression. Factors found to be significant in each bivariate χ2analysis were modelled for each outcome. The multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged displacement (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.64; p=0.048), reduced family size (AOR=0.28; p<0.001) and fears of reprisal attacks (AOR=4.19; p=0.004) were significantly associated with anxiety disorder. Male gender (AOR=2.09; p=0.015), prolonged displacement (AOR=3.55; p=0.020), reduced family size (AOR=0.55; p=0.049), financial strain (AOR=5.43; p=0.023) and loss of loved ones (AOR=1.92; p=0.040) were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionsThe implications of the findings underline the complex aetiology of these two mental problems and the need to cater to the well-being of those at risk who have been exposed to trauma-related events. Accessible and affordable mental health services should be provided for these persons while also considering a social welfare scheme that covers their health expenses. Moreover, socioeconomic conditions targeting IDPs in the Ogoja Local Government Area should be improved by conducting large-scale mapping to identify this population.
White matter hyperintensity progression is associated with incident probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Sheth Kevin N , Yeatts Sharon D , Turan Tanya N , Prabhakaran Shyam 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) on brain MRI is associated with developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but WMH progression over time has not been fully investigated as an independent risk factor.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial - Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT MIND) trial. The primary outcome was incident probable dementia or MCI (dementia/MCI) before the follow-up MRI at 48 months from enrolment. The primary predictor was WMH progression, defined as the Z score difference between the follow-up and baseline WMH volumes. The secondary predictor was a binary WMH progression threshold (≥1.4 mL vs <1.4 mL).ResultsAmong the 433 included patients, 33 (7.6%) developed dementia/MCI. There were 156 (36.0%) patients who met the WMH progression threshold of ≥1.4 mL, in whom the rate of dementia/MCI was 12.8% (20/156) vs 4.7% (13/277) of patients with <1.4 mL WMH progression (p=0.002). In multivariable logistic regression, the Z score of WMH progression was associated with dementia/MCI (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.04, p=0.007) as was the WMH progression threshold of ≥1.4 mL (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.81, p=0.015).ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND, WMH progression over 48 months was associated with the development of probable dementia or MCI.
Further results on Vanishing Coefficients in infinite products of the form (qb,qp−b;qp)∞3(qjb,q2p−jb;q2p)∞
Authors: Laughlin James Mc , Zimmer Peter 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the phenomenon of coefficients that vanish in a class of infinite products related to those first examined by Hirschhorn, and later by Tang, Baruah and Kaur, and the first author of this paper. Several infinite families of vanishing coefficient phenomena are found. In particular, it is shown that if p is a prime in one of several arithmetic progressions modulo 24, then there exist integer values for j, v and w such that if b is any integer (or in same cases, any odd integer, or any even integer), then a result of the following type holds: If the sequence [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] for all n.
Beta-Agonist, Ractopamine Hydrochloride, Improves Growth, Alters Body Composition, and Suppresses Gonadal Maturation in All-Female Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Rahman Md. Moshiur , Salin Krishna R. , Tsusaka Takuji W. , Yakupitiyage Amararatne 
Published: April 2022

All-female giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii has a significant growth limitation due to its early sexual maturity. A 60-day trial was carried out to determine the effect of beta-agonist, ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC), on the growth performance, body composition, and gonadal maturation of all-female prawns. Prawn juveniles (

4.39
±
0.40

g initial weight) were stocked at 10 prawns/m2 in 15 plastic tanks (1000 liters each) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and a control (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) in triplicate. The significantly (

p
<
0.05

) highest values of final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in the female prawns fed with the diet containing 10 mg/kg RAC, while the lowest values were found in the control tank. Similarly, survival rate, feed conversion rate (FCR), and condition factors were observed among all treatments, which were significantly better than the control (0 mg/kg). Significantly greater yield and lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) values were obtained in prawns fed with a 10 mg/kg RAC-containing diet than in all other treatments, except for the diet containing 15 mg/kg RAC, while the lowest yield was produced by the control tank. A diet containing 10 mg/kg RAC had significantly improved the whole-body protein content in prawns, while diets containing 10 and 15 mg/kg RAC exhibited lower lipid content in prawns than in the other treatments. A significant increase in the number of Stage 1 (virgin) females (up to 54% at 10 mg/kg RAC diet) was found in all RAC treatments, while the control had a significantly higher number of females at various maturity stages, indicating that RAC administration effectively suppresses gonadal maturity. Residue analysis of whole prawn samples at the end of the trial indicated no trace of ractopamine. The quadratic regression analysis of weight gain, SGR, FCR, and yield revealed that the optimum dietary ractopamine level for all-female prawn culture should be between 10 and 15 mg/kg.
Composition and dynamics of mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil
Authors: Luz Gustavo Silveira da , Carvalho Fernando , Zocche Jairo José 
Published: April 2022

Mixed flocks are associations of two or more species that are formed and maintained through mutual behavioral responses, with advantages such as maximizing foraging and protecting against predation. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, temporal dynamics, and presence of core species in mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of the Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in the Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Data collection took place from October 2016 to September 2017 through monthly campaigns, consisting of three consecutive observation days, with sampling sessions of six hours per day, resulting in a total effort of 216 h of observations. For each contact with the flocks, we recorded the species and number of individuals, stratum of occurrence, substrates of search, and agonistic interactions. We recorded 152 mixed flocks, with a total of 76 species belonging to 24 families, and five orders, with Thraupidae, Tyrannidae, Furnariidae, and Rhynchocyclidae being the richest. The flocks had an average of 4.5 ± 2.7 species and 8.7 ± 5.8 individuals, with richness and the number of individuals being positively correlated (R² = 0.8). Mixed flocks occurred throughout the year. There was a great variation in the number of contacts from October to February (from 5 to 20 contacts). Meanwhile from March to September, the coldest period of the year in the region, the number of contacts did not vary (from 9 to 14 contacts). However, there was no difference in the number of contacts between these months (z = 0.37; p = 0.691). Basileuterus culicivorus and Habia rubica were the core species because, in addition to their high participation (46.7 and 32.9%, respectively), they showed frequent and conspicuous movement and vocalization. Thus, a high capacity to enlist a greater number of individuals from different species for the flocks was demonstrated.
Evolução das ocupações no Brasil no crescimento e na crise: um estudo dos subgrupos principais no período 2003/2017
Authors: Saboia João , Kubrusly Lucia 
Published: April 2022

O artigo acompanha a evolução do mercado de trabalho brasileiro no período 2003/2017 sob o enfoque das ocupações. As variáveis utilizadas são emprego, salários e suas respectivas taxas de crescimento no período. Houve forte crescimento do emprego para um conjunto de profissionais de nível superior e técnicos de nível médio. Houve também crescimento do emprego para ocupações do comércio e serviços. O aumento salarial beneficiou principalmente ocupações de menores salários, provavelmente beneficiadas pela política de valorização do salário mínimo. Foi desenvolvida uma análise multivariada de agrupamento, sendo identificados sete grupos ocupacionais. Dois grupos de ocupações do setor terciário se destacaram em termos de volume do emprego. Outros dois grupos de profissionais de nível superior e técnicos de nível médio, por seus altos salários e crescimento do emprego.
Fallacy of Median Door‐to‐ECG Time: Hidden Opportunities for STEMI Screening Improvement
Authors: Yiadom Maame Yaa A. B. , Gong Wu , Patterson Brian W. , Baugh Christopher W. , Mills Angela M. , Gavin Nicholas , Podolsky Seth R. , Salazar Gilberto , Mumma Bryn E. , Tanski Mary , Hadley Kelsea , Azzo Caitlin , Dorner Stephen C. , Ulintz Alexander , Liu Dandan 
Published: May 2022

Background
ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guidelines recommend screening arriving emergency department (ED) patients for an early ECG in those with symptoms concerning for myocardial ischemia. Process measures target median door‐to‐ECG (D2E) time of 10 minutes.

Methods and Results

This 3‐year descriptive retrospective cohort study, including 676 ED‐diagnosed patients with STEMI from 10 geographically diverse facilities across the United States, examines an alternative approach to quantifying performance: proportion of patients meeting the goal of D2E≤10 minutes. We also identified characteristics associated with D2E>10 minutes and estimated the proportion of patients with screening ECG occurring during intake, triage, and main ED care periods. We found overall median D2E was 7 minutes (IQR:4–16; range: 0–1407 minutes; range of ED medians: 5–11 minutes). Proportion of patients with D2E>10 minutes was 37.9% (ED range: 21.5%–57.1%). Patients with D2E>10 minutes, compared to those with D2E≤10 minutes, were more likely female (32.8% versus 22.6%,
P
=0.005), Black (23.4% versus 12.4%,
P
=0.005), non‐English speaking (24.6% versus 19.5%,
P
=0.032), diabetic (40.2% versus 30.2%,
P
=0.010), and less frequently reported chest pain (63.3% versus 87.4%,
P
<0.001). ECGs were performed during ED intake in 62.1% of visits, ED triage in 25.3%, and main ED care in 12.6%.

Conclusions
Examining D2E>10 minutes can identify opportunities to improve care for more ED patients with STEMI. Our findings suggest sex, race, language, and diabetes are associated with STEMI diagnostic delays. Moving the acquisition of ECGs completed during triage to intake could achieve the D2E≤10 minutes goal for 87.4% of ED patients with STEMI. Sophisticated screening, accounting for differential risk and diversity in STEMI presentations, may further improve timely detection.
How to Complicate a Simple Case: The Judgment on the Merits in Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya)
Authors: Lando Massimo , Joly Hébert Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On 12 October 2021, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) issued its judgment on the merits in Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya). The judgment raises questions of significance in respect of two issues upon which this comment elaborates. First, the Court failed to distinguish adequately between the notions of acquiescence and tacit agreement, which were at the basis of Kenya’s claim for an agreed boundary running along a parallel of latitude. Second, in drawing the boundary as requested by Somalia, the Court departed from its usual approach concerning the adjustment of the provisional equidistance line established in the first stage of its three-stage delimitation process.
The International Prosecutor: Reconsidering an Almighty Saviour? On International Criminal Law’s Obsession with Individuals
Authors: Kastner Philipp 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
International institutions, like the United Nations and the International Criminal Court (icc), promote peace, democracy and justice. However, these intergovernmental institutions are typically governed through vertical structures and strict hierarchies, with little to no room for popular control and democratic participation of the wider society. The internal structures of these institutions are also revealing: individual high officials, from Secretary-Generals to Chief Prosecutors, play a crucial role, and great importance is attached to their personality and individual leadership skills. This article takes the recent and highly contested election process of the third icc Prosecutor, Karim Khan, who was appointed for a period of nine years in 2021, as a case study to reconsider the well-known yet enduring problem of the democratic deficit of international institutions and their at times undemocratic, or even authoritarian-like, decision-making processes. It starts by demonstrating the great attention given to the Prosecutor as an individual, both in the statute of the icc and in legal-political discourses more generally. This will lay the groundwork to develop the argument that this strong focus on certain individuals is highly problematic and does not contribute to increasing the legitimacy of the Court, whatever the reputation, skills and actual conduct of the official in question. As it will be argued, this disconnect can explain some of the deep-seated challenges and criticisms that the icc, and in particular its Prosecutors, have encountered since its establishment in 2002. Finally, the article seeks inspiration from democracy theory, in particular relevant research that has engaged with international institutions, to suggest that the Office of the Prosecutor could be directed not by an almighty chief, but rather by a panel of prosecutors.
Responsibility and Risk-Sharing in Climate Adaptation: a Case Study of Bushfire Risk in Australia
Authors: McDonald Jan , McCormack Phillipa C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
‘Shared responsibility’ for managing risk is central to Australian adaptation and disaster-resilience policies, yet there is no consensus on what this term means or how it is discharged by various actors at each phase of the risk-management process. This has implications for both equity and effectiveness, because shared responsibility assumes that individuals have capacity and that the decisions they make will not conflict with other public values. This article explores how law assigns responsibility for climate adaptation by examining its approach to a specific climate impact in Australia: the increasing frequency and severity of bushfire. Australia faces heightened bushfire risk from the interplay of climate change effects and demographic shifts. While planning laws attempt to limit exposure of new communities to fire risks, adapting existing communities involves hazard mitigation across the landscape, through fuel reduction – accomplished by controlled burning or clearing of brush and timber – and the construction of fuel breaks. Most Australian jurisdictions impose some form of obligation on land managers or owners to mitigate fire risk. However, the effectiveness of shifting responsibility onto individual landholders, measured in terms of bushfire risk mitigation, is not established. The shifting of responsibility also has implications for equity because shared responsibility for fire management assumes that individuals know what must be done and have the capacity to do it themselves or pay others to. The law also privileges bushfire protection above other public values, including the protection of biodiversity and cultural values. To account for the complexity of adaptation decision-making, bushfire mitigation laws should avoid creating inequities and should include mechanisms for resolving trade-offs between competing values.
Getting Article 22(1) TRIPS Right: A Commentary on the Definition of ‘Geographical Indication’ from a European Union Perspective with a Focus on Wines
Authors: Zappalaglio Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article conducts an in-depth analysis of Article 22(1) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights that provides the definition of ‘Geographical Indication (GI)’, focusing specifically on the field of wine. Particularly, the research analyses: (1) the concept of ‘indication’; (2) the words ‘quality, reputation or other characteristic’ and (3) the adverb ‘essentially’. Building upon the text of the Agreement; its drafting history and adopting the EU GI regime as a case study, the research concludes that: first, the concept of ‘indication’, in spite of its literal meaning and historical origin, can be subject to a very broad interpretation; second, wine remains a product characterised by a qualitative link with its area of production, although the importance of the ‘reputational link’ is growing; and, lastly, that the adverb ‘essentially’ introduces a margin of flexibility, thus allowing products that are not ‘exclusively’ related to a specific area to qualify for GI protection nonetheless.
Wage Theft and Work Safety: Immigrant Day Labor Jobs and the Potential for Worker Rights Training at Worker Centers
Authors: Takasaki Kara , Kammer-Kerwick Matt , Yundt-Pacheco Mayra , Torres Melissa I.M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Immigrant day laborers routinely experience exploitative behaviors as part of their employment. These day laborers perceive the exploitation they experience in the context of their immigration histories and in the context of their long-term goals for better working and living conditions. Using mixed methods, over three data collection periods in 2016, 2019 and 2020, we analyze the work experiences of immigrant day laborers in Houston and Austin, Texas. We report how workers evaluate precarious jobs and respond to labor exploitation in an informal labor market. We also discuss data from a worker rights training intervention conducted through a city-sponsored worker center. We discuss the potential for worker centers to be a convening and remediation space for workers and employers. Worker centers offer a potential space for informal intervention into wage theft and work safety violations by regulating the hiring context where day laborers meet employers.
Kant and Strasbourg on Mandatory Vaccinations
Authors: Gragl Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mandatory vaccination raises important questions of human rights, especially if moral norms are given effect in legal provisions. I argue – assuming the safety and efficacy of vaccines – that we are under a moral obligation to vaccinate. Although Kant himself was hostile towards vaccinations, his Categorical Imperative exhorts us to respect the autonomy and dignity of others, and if these ‘others’ are the most vulnerable members of society who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons, we can only protect them by vaccinating ourselves. The ECtHR (implicitly) follows this reasoning in its case law, particularly in its most recent relevant decision, in Vavřička, in which it maintained that even though mandatory vaccination interferes with certain Convention rights, this can be justified in terms of social solidarity and the weighing of interests. We consequently see that in this context, the echr system is very much in line with Kant’s notion of morality.