bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of early arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid enteral supplementation in very preterm infants
Authors: Álvarez Patricia , Ramiro-Cortijo David , Montes María Teresa , Moreno Bárbara , Calvo María V. , Liu Ge , Esteban Romero Ana , Ybarra Marta , Cordeiro Malaika , Clambor Murube Marina , Valverde Eva , Sánchez-Pacheco Aurora , Fontecha Javier , Gibson Robert , Saenz de Pipaon Miguel 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in blood long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) and oxylipin concentrations in very preterm infants from birth to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (WPA) after providing an emulsified arachidonic acid (ARA):docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement at two different concentrations.Study designThis prospective, randomized trial assigned infants to receive a supplement (1) 80:40 group (80 mg/kg/day ARA and 40 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9) or (2) 120:60 group (120 mg/kg/day ARA and 60 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9). Infants received supplement daily from birth until 36 WPA. At baseline, 21 days of life and 36 WPA, the LCPUFAs were measured in plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Additionally, LCPUFAs and oxylipins were analyzed in whole blood by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a sample of oral mucosa was obtained to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the FADS1 gene by PCR.ResultsGestational age was similar between groups (80:40 = 28+6 [27+3; 30+3] completed weeks+days; 120:60 = 29+6 [27+3; 30+5] completed weeks+days, p = 0.83). At 36 WPA, the change in plasma ARA was significantly different between groups (80:40 group = 0.15 [−0.67; 0.69] %nmol, 120:60 = 1.68 [1.38; 3.16] %nmol, p = 0.031). In whole blood, the levels of ARA-derived oxylipins (5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 15-HETE and 8,9-EET) and EPA-derived oxylipins (18-HEPE) significantly increase from baseline to 36 WPA in the 120:60 group than the 80:40 group.ConclusionSupplementation at high doses (120:60 mg/kg/day) increased levels of ARA, and EPA- and ARA-derived oxylipins compared to low doses (80:40 mg/kg/day). Differences were detected in EPA metabolites without a significant increase in plasma DHA.
High Speed RGB-Based Duobinary-Encoded Visible Light Communication System Under the Impact of Turbulences
Authors: Li Lin , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

Recent gains in the pervasiveness of Visible Light Communication due to its ability to simultaneously provide lighting and communication solutions make it the best candidate for enabling smart city infrastructure to have seamless connectivity. The fundamental challenge of this technology is to ensure high data rate communication while meeting the lighting requirements of smart cities. This work is focused on providing high data rate capacity using visible light communication. To realize this, diffused channel modeling and channel modeling are considered. A total of six channels, each carrying 10 Gbps data are multiplexed using polarization division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing transmitted over a diffused channel of 1.3 m, while the ranges of 8 m under clear conditions and 5 m under heavy attenuation are reported with modeling. The reported results show the successful transmission of data in terms of bit error rate and eye diagram.
Paths to positive growth in parents bereaved by drug-related death: A mixed-method study
Authors: Titlestad Kristine Berg , Kristensen Pål , O'Connor Maja , Hystad Sigurd , Dyregrov Kari 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionDrug-related deaths (DRDs) are a major public health challenge. Losing a child to a DRD can be a very stressful life event, which places parents at risk of mental and physical health problems. However, traumatic experiences like losing a child to DRD can paradoxically also lead to positive psychological changes. A mixed-method approach was used to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth experienced by parents following a DRD.MethodBy combining data from a survey (n = 89) and interviews (n = 14), we explored positive growth experiences among Norwegian parents. We conducted descriptive analyses of the sample’s demographic characteristics and mean scores for Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) items. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the influence of the ability to perform daily activities (WSAS), self-efficacy (GSE-SF), social support (CSS), and symptoms of prolonged grief (PG-13) on the outcome variable of post-traumatic growth (PTGI-SF). Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to analyze the qualitative data. Finally, we integrated the results of the survey and the interviews.ResultsFor items measuring post-traumatic growth, parents scored highest on the item “I discovered that I’m stronger than I thought I was” and lowest on the item “I am able to do better things with my life.” Self-efficacy and social support had a statistically significant relation with post-traumatic growth. Two themes were generated from the interviews: (I) new perspectives on life and (II) new paths in life. Even though the “New Possibilities” subscale had the lowest mean score for the PTGI-SF, new paths in life were important for many of the interviewed parents.DiscussionParents described traumatic stressors associated with having a child who uses narcotics and hence experienced positive changes even before losing their child. We argue that on an individual level, the consequences of spillover stigma, low self-efficacy, and intrusive rumination can hinder potential post-traumatic growth. On a group level, enhancing network support may increase post-traumatic growth experiences. Hence, parents who have experienced a DRD can benefit from help to activate their social networks and strengthen their self-efficacy.
Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorated sleep disorder and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction in subjects with major depression
Authors: Chen Xing , Jiang Fei , Yang Qun , Zhang Peiyun , Zhu Haijiao , Liu Chao , Zhang Tongtong , Li Weijun , Xu Jian , Shen Hongmei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to explore the effectiveness of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on depressive symptoms and dysfunction of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Materials and methodsOne hundred and thirty-six adults with MDD were administrated drugs combined with 3 weeks of active rTMS (n = 68) or sham (n = 68) treatment. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) was to elevate depression severity at baseline and weeks 4. To test the influence of rTMS on the HPA axis, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum cortisol (COR) were detected in pre- and post-treatment.ResultsNo statistical significance was found for the baseline of sociodemographic, characteristics of depression, and psychopharmaceutical dosages between sham and rTMS groups (p &gt; 0.05). There was a significant difference in the HAMD-17 total score between the two groups at end of 4 weeks after treatment (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the sham group, the rTMS group demonstrated a more significant score reduction of HAMD-17 and sleep disorder factor (HAMD-SLD) including sleep onset latency, middle awakening, and early awakening items at end of 4-week after treatment (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, total score reduction of HAMD-17 was correlated with a decrease in plasma ACTH, not in COR, by rTMS stimulation (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionBilateral rTMS for 3 weeks palliated depression via improvement of sleep disorder, and plasma ACTH is a predictor for the efficacy of rTMS, especially in male patients with MDD.
Systematic evaluation for the causal effects of blood metabolites on osteoporosis: Genetic risk score and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yu Xing-Hao , Cao Rong-Rong , Yang Yi-Qun , Zhang Lei , Lei Shu-Feng , Deng Fei-Yan 
Published: August 2022

PurposeOsteoporosis is associated with metabolic alterations, but the causal roles of serum metabolites on osteoporosis have not been identified.MethodsBased on the large individual-level datasets from UK Biobank as well as GWAS summary datasets, we first constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) for 308 of 486 human serum metabolites and evaluated the effect of each GRS on 2 major osteoporosis phenotypes, i.e., estimated bone miner density (eBMD) and fracture, respectively. Then, two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) was performed to validate the casual metabolites on osteoporosis. Multivariable MR analysis tested whether the effects of metabolites on osteoporosis are independent of possible confounders. Finally, we conducted metabolic pathway analysis for the metabolites involved in bone metabolism.ResultsWe identified causal effects of 18 metabolites on eBMD and 1 metabolite on fracture with the GRS method after adjusting for multiple tests. Then, 9 of them were further validated with MR as replication, where comprehensive sensitive analyses proved robust of the causal associations. Although not identified in GRS, 3 metabolites were associated with at least three osteoporosis traits in MR results. Multivariable MR analysis determined the independent causal effect of several metabolites on osteoporosis. Besides, 23 bone metabolic pathways were detected, such as valine, leucine, isoleucine biosynthesis (p = 0.053), and Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (p = 0.076), and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe systematic causal analyses strongly suggested that blood metabolites have causal effects on osteoporosis risk.
The detection rate and influencing factors of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease in Anhui, China: A cross-sectional study of 99,821 residents
Authors: Xing Xiu-Ya , Wang Zhi-Xin , Cao Ya-Wen , Wang Xin-Yi , Zhang Luan , Chen Ye-Ji , Wang Hua-Dong , Xu Jing-Qiao , Niu Mi-Xue , Liu Zhi-Rong , Tao Sha-Sha 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the detection rate and influencing factors of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease in Anhui province.MethodsFrom March 2017 to August 2019, the residents aged 35–75 years old were selected using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in 8 counties and districts of Anhui Province, and questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurement, and collection of biological samples were carried out among them.ResultsA total of 99,821 residents in Anhui Province were finally investigated, and among them 21,426 residents were detected to be high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease. The detection rate of high-risk groups was 21.46%. According to the high-risk types, the high-risk groups can be clustered. 74.57% of them had only one high-risk type, 22.57% of them had two high-risk types, and 2.86% had three or more high-risk types. The results of Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) showed that male, age ≥45 years old, not married, occupation as a farmer, annual family income &lt;25,000 yuan, drinking, overweight and obesity, pre-central obesity and central obesity, snoring, feeling fatigued, sleepiness, and self-reported history of diabetes were more likely to be risk factors of cardiovascular disease (all P value &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe detection rate of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease in Anhui Province is relatively high. Individualized intervention measures as well as comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be adopted focusing on the distribution characteristics of risk factors of high-risk groups.
Variability of body mass index and risks of prostate, lung, colon, and ovarian cancers
Authors: Sun Yangyang , Zhou Lingling , Shan Tao , Ouyang Qiong , Li Xu , Fan Yuanming , Li Ying , Gong Hang , Alolga Raphael N. , Ma Gaoxiang , Ge Yuqiu , Zhang Heng 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWe investigated the association between cancer incidence and body mass index (BMI) variability calculated from the recall of weight at decades of age by participants in the USA Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.MethodsA total of 89,822 individuals' BMI were recorded as recalled the participant's aged 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 years, and baseline. BMI variability was assessed using four indices: SD, coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability (ARV). The multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of these measures for incident cancers and corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 11.8 years, there were newly diagnosed 5,012 cases of prostate cancer, 792 cases of lung cancer, 994 cases of colon cancer, and 132 cases of ovarian cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) group, the highest quartile (Q4) group of BMI variability indices was associated with increased lung cancer risk, including BMI_SD (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.17–2.12), BMI_CV (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10–1.94), BMI_VIM (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.33–2.25), and BMI_ARV (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.62–2.91). Associations between BMI variability and prostate, colon, and ovarian cancer incidences were of limited significance.ConclusionThe findings imply that maintaining a stable weight across adulthood is associated with a decreased incidence of lung cancer.
Fall risks and the related factors for the homebound older people with dementia: Evidence from East China
Authors: Dong Xiaoxin , Liu Guanjun , Yin Xiaoxu , Min Rui , Hu Yueming 
Published: August 2022

PurposeFalls are a major public health problem, especially for older people. This research aimed to provide a direct illustration of fall risks among the homebound older people with dementia in China, and to identify the risk factors associated with it.MethodsIn 2020, a questionnaire-based field survey was used to assess 1,042 people aged over 60 years in Ningbo, Eastern China. The Morse Fall Risk Scale's result was employed as the dependent variable, while the basic health problems, living environment difficulties, social support problems, and behavioral awareness issues were utilized as the independent variables; subsequently, chi-squared tests and four multivariate ordinarily ordered logistic regression models were performed.ResultsOverall, nine hundred and thirty-one older people with dementia were included in this study (the effective rate was 89.34%), with the majority of them having severe dementia (27.9%). Furthermore, 16.2% had fallen in the past 3 months, and 16.8% were at a high risk of falling. The risk factors for the older people's cognitive function included 80–90 years old, vascular dementia, marital status, and history of falls (P &lt; 0.05); the kinds of chronic diseases, the activities of daily living, living environment, caregiver burden, caregiver knowledge, the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory results, and the Clinical Dementia Rating were the protective factors for the risk of falls in them (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe risk of falling of the Chinese homebound older people with dementia was high. Their caregivers, such as relatives, need to pay attention to these risk factors and perform appropriate measures to prevent falls.
Multi-sector stakeholder's perceptions of determinants of successful implementation of a pediatric weight management intervention
Authors: Persaud Alicia , Castro Ines , Simione Meg , Smith Justin D. , O'Connor Giselle , Sharifi Mona , Perkins Meghan , Torres Shioban , Taveras Elsie M. , Kuhlthau Karen , Fiechtner Lauren 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMulti-sector stakeholder engagement is essential in the successful implementation, dissemination, and sustainability of pediatric weight management interventions (PWMI), particularly in low-income settings where sustainability relies on external policies and reimbursement. The objective of this study was to engage stakeholders (1) to inform the creation of the intervention with adaptations needed for a successful PWMI in a primary care and community setting and (2) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation and dissemination.MethodsWe sought to examine the perspectives of local, state, and national clinic and community stakeholders during the pre-implementation period of a two-arm, randomized trial of a Health Weight Clinic PWMI conducted in two health centers and a modified—Healthy Weight and Your Child PWMI at two local YMCAs that serve a predominantly lower income, Hispanic community. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research interview guide served as a template for the study but was modified to fit the PWMIs and the various professional roles. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the framework analysis approach and themes were linked to the CFIR domains and constructs.ResultsTwenty-six stakeholders perceived the following as needed components of a PWMI: a formal curriculum with illustrative examples, a patient- and family-centered program, group visits, and high-quality multidisciplinary personnel. These findings led to the creation of a group visit curriculum, implementation trainings and cross-site collaborative technical assistance. Additionally, creating partnerships between community and clinical organizations, and addressing patient barriers and unmet social needs (i.e., transportation, food) were identified as facilitators to successful implementation. These results led to the creation of community resource guides, connections to community organizations, and screening and referring for unmet social needs. Perceived facilitators of dissemination included proving cost-effectiveness of the PWMI to inform insurance reimbursement for long-term sustainability. Therefore, we collected cost data and engaged with Medicaid officials to discuss reimbursement.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of engaging multi-sector stakeholders pre-implementation to ensure the components valued are included, ensuring the program minimizes barriers to participation, considering how staff training can improve implementation and how collected outcomes can inform sustainability and dissemination of PWMIs in clinic and community settings.
Comparing the effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with multiple daily insulin injection for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus evaluated by retrospective continuous glucose monitoring: A real-world data analysis
Authors: Keyu Guo , Jiaqi Li , Liyin Zhang , Jianan Ye , Li Fan , Zhiyi Ding , Qin Zhou , Xia Li , Lin Yang , Zhiguang Zhou 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveRegarding the effects and practical application of insulin pumps on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the real-world evidence is limited especially concerning the incidence of hypoglycemia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy with multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy on glycemic metrics evaluated by retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in Chinese patients with T1DM.MethodsIn total, 362 T1DM Chinese patients from the outpatient department of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, who underwent intensive insulin therapy and used a retrospective CGM system were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Comprehensive analysis of clinical and biological features and retrospective CGM derived-metrics was performed on the 362 enrolled T1DM patients who underwent CSII (n = 61) or MDI (n = 301) therapy (defined as 4 or more insulin injections per day).ResultsOur findings demonstrated that patients who underwent CSII therapy, compared with those who received MDI therapy, had lower levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose; moreover, CSII therapy was associated with better glycemic outcomes in terms of increasing time in range (TIR), decreasing time above range (TAR), and achieving CGM-associated targets of TIR ≥70% and TAR &lt;25%. However, patients who underwent CSII therapy did not experience decreasing time below range (TBR), achieving CGM-associated targets of TBR &lt;4%, and reduction of the risk of hypoglycemia as evidenced by comparing TBR and low blood glucose index (LBGI) between the two treatment regimens. The parameters of glycemic variability, such as standard deviation of glucose (SD), mean amplitude glycemic excursion (MAGE), and large amplitude glycemic excursion (LAGE) in T1DM patients who underwent CSII therapy outperformed.ConclusionOur results provided further evidence that CSII therapy is safe and effective for management of Chinese T1DM patients, which was confirmed by a lower HbA1c level and better CGM-derived metrics but no demonstration of improvment in the risk of hypoglycemia. To achieve more satisfactory glycemic outcomes through the utilization of CSII therapy for Chinese T1DM patients, a strong physician-patient relationship is essential.
Canadian dentists' views on the first dental visit for children
Authors: Alai-Towfigh Hamideh , Schroth Robert J. , Hu Ralph , Lee Victor H. K. , Olatosi Olubukola 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionEarly dental visits set children on an upward trajectory, toward a lifetime of optimal oral health. The purpose of this study was to analyze data from a survey of Canadian dentists to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding first dental visits.MethodsThe Canadian Dental Association (CDA) surveyed general and pediatric dentists regarding the timing of the first dental visit. Demographic and practice information was collected. Analyses included descriptive analyses, bivariate analyses, and multiple logistic regression with forward stepwise selection. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsOverall, 3,232 dentists participated. The majority were male (58.5%), general dentists (96.6%), in non-metropolitan areas (50.5%), and practiced for 20.6 ± 12.8 years. The mean age recommended for first visits was 20.4 ± 10.8 months. Only 45.4% of dentists recommended a first visit ≤ 12 months. A majority (59.5%) knew that the correct age recommended for first visits was no later than 12 months. Most dentists who had seen a patient ≤ 12 months before did not typically do so (82.3%). General dentists were 61% less likely to recommend first visits by 12 months (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.91). Dentists in Central Canada (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.32); dentists who typically saw patients ≤ 12 months (OR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.41, 4.83); those who echoed the importance of visits by 12 months (OR = 19.3; 95% CI: 8.2, 45.71); dentists with staff that encouraged infant/toddler care (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.31); and those who knew official North American recommendations for first visits (OR = 5.28; 95% CI: 4.13, 6.76) were all more likely to recommend first visits by 12 months.ConclusionsA majority of Canadian dentists did not recommend first visits by 12 months of age, despite it being the CDA's official position. Provider characteristics can influence the age that is recommended for first visits. Findings from this study may inform educational campaigns on early childhood oral health targeted toward dentists.