bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a variational Jordan–Lee–Preskill quantum algorithm
Authors: Liu Junyu , Li Zimu , Zheng Han , Yuan Xiao , Sun Jinzhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rapid developments of quantum information technology show promising opportunities for simulating quantum field theory in near-term quantum devices. In this work, we formulate the theory of (time-dependent) variational quantum simulation of the

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dimensional

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quantum field theory including encoding, state preparation, and time evolution, with several numerical simulation results. These algorithms could be understood as near-term variational quantum circuit (quantum neural network) analogs of the Jordan–Lee–Preskill algorithm, the basic algorithm for simulating quantum field theory using universal quantum devices. Besides, we highlight the advantages of encoding with harmonic oscillator basis based on the Lehmann—Symanzik—Zimmermann reduction formula and several computational efficiency such as when implementing a bosonic version of the unitary coupled cluster ansatz to prepare initial states. We also discuss how to circumvent the ‘spectral crowding’ problem in the quantum field theory simulation and appraise our algorithm by both state and subspace fidelities.
Estimating the Long-Term Causal Effects of Attending Historically Black Colleges or Universities on Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Thyden Naomi Harada , McGuire Cydney , Slaughter-Acey Jaime , Widome Rachel , Warren John Robert , Osypuk Theresa L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Racism is embedded in society, and higher education is an important structure for patterning economic and health outcomes. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were founded on antiracism while predominantly White institutions (PWIs) were often founded on white supremacy. This contrast provides an opportunity to study the association between structural racism and health among Black Americans. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to estimate the long-term causal effect of attending an HBCU (vs. PWI) on depressive symptoms among Black students in the United States from 1994–2018. While we found no overall association with attending an HBCU (vs. PWI) on depressive symptoms, we found that this association varied by baseline mental health and region, and across time. For example, among those who attended high school outside of the South, HBCU attendance was protective against depressive symptoms 7 years later, and the association was strongest for those with higher baseline depressive symptoms. We recommend equitable state and federal funding for HBCUs, and that PWIs implement and evaluate antiracist policies to improve mental health of Black students.
Moving towards a taxonomy of cognitive impairments in epilepsy: application of latent profile analysis to 1178 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Reyes Anny , Hermann Bruce P , Busch Robyn M , Drane Daniel L , Barr William B , Hamberger Marla J , Roesch Scott C , McDonald Carrie R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn efforts to understand the cognitive heterogeneity within and across epilepsy syndromes, cognitive phenotyping has been proposed as a new taxonomy aimed at developing a harmonized approach to cognitive classification in epilepsy. Data- and clinically driven approaches have been previously used with variability in the phenotypes derived across studies. In our study, we utilize latent profile analysis to test several models of phenotypes in a large multicentre sample of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and evaluate their demographic and clinical profiles. For the first time, we examine the added value of replacing missing data and examine factors that may be contributing to missingness. A sample of 1178 participants met the inclusion criteria for the study, which included a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy and the availability of comprehensive neuropsychological data. Models with two to five classes were examined using latent profile analysis and the optimal model was selected based on fit indices, posterior probabilities and proportion of sample sizes. The models were also examined with imputed data to investigate the impact of missing data on model selection. Based on the fit indices, posterior probability and distinctiveness of the latent classes, a three-class solution was the optimal solution. This three-class solution comprised a group of patients with multidomain impairments, a group with impairments predominantly in language and a group with no impairments. Overall, the multidomain group demonstrated a worse clinical profile and comprised a greater proportion of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis, a longer disease duration and a higher number of anti-seizure medications. The four-class and five-class solutions demonstrated the lowest probabilities of a group membership. Analyses with imputed data demonstrated that the four-class solution was the optimal solution; however, there was a weak agreement between the missing and imputed data sets for the four-Class solutions (κ = 0.288, P &lt; 0.001). This study represents the first to use latent profile analysis to test and compare multiple models of cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy and to determine the impact of missing data on model fit. We found that the three-phenotype model was the most meaningful based on several fit indices and produced phenotypes with unique demographic and clinical profiles. Our findings demonstrate that latent profile analysis is a rigorous method to identify phenotypes in large, heterogeneous epilepsy samples. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of examining the impact of missing data in phenotyping methods. Our latent profile analysis-derived phenotypes can inform future studies aimed at identifying cognitive phenotypes in other neurological disorders.
Networks of cortical activity in infants with epilepsy
Authors: Auno Sami , Jonsson Henna , Linnankivi Tarja , Tokariev Anton , Vanhatalo Sampsa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpilepsy in infancy links to a significant risk of neurodevelopmental delay, calling for a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Here, we studied cortical activity networks in infants with early-onset epilepsy to identify network properties that could pre-empt infants’ neurodevelopmental course. We studied high-density (64 channel) electroencephalogram during non-rapid eye movement (N2) sleep in n = 49 infants at 1 year of age after being diagnosed with epilepsy during their first year of life. We computed frequency-specific networks in the cortical source space for two intrinsic brain modes: amplitude–amplitude and phase–phase correlations. Cortical activity networks of all frequency bands and connectivity modes were compared between the syndrome groups as well as between the three categories of neurocognitive development. The group differences were studied at three spatial levels: global, regional, and individual connections. Cortical mechanisms related to infant epilepsy were further compared with physiological networks using an automatic spindle detection algorithm. Our results show that global connectivity does not significantly differ between epilepsy syndromes; however, it co-varies with neurocognitive development. The largest network differences were observed at the lowest (&lt;1 Hz) and mid-range (10–15 Hz) frequency bands. An algorithmic removal of sleep spindles from the data partially reduced the mid-range frequency network’s strength. The centrocentral and frontocentral networks at the spindle frequencies were found to be strongest in infants with a persistent age-typical neurocognitive performance, while their low-frequency (&lt; 1 Hz) networks were weaker for both amplitude-amplitude [P = 0.008, effect size = 0.61] and phase–phase correlations (P = 0.02, effect size = 0.54) at low (&lt; 1 Hz). However, subjects with persistent mild neurocognitive delay from 1 to 2 years of age had higher amplitude–amplitude (P = 0.02, effect size = 0.73) and phase–phase (P = 0.06, effect size = 0.59) at low frequencies than those that deteriorated from mild to severely delayed from 1 to 2 years of age. Our findings suggest that cortical activity networks reflect the underlying clinical course of infants’ epilepsy, and measures of spectrally and spatially resolved networks might become useful in better understanding infantile epilepsy as a network disease.
Interplay of Atherogenic Particle Number and Particle Size and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Pencina Karol M , Pencina Michael J , Lawler Patrick R , Engert James C , Dufresne Line , Ridker Paul M , Thanassoulis George , Mora Samia , Sniderman Allan D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
We examined the interplay of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and LDL particle size, approximated by the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)/apoB ratio, on the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods
Participants without cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 308 182), the Women’s Health Study (WHS; n = 26 204), and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 2839) were included. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationship between apoB and LDL-C/apoB ratio and incidence of CHD (14 994 events). Our analyses were adjusted for age, sex (except WHS), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and smoking.

Results
In all 3 studies, there was a strong positive correlation between apoB and LDL-C (correlation coefficients r = 0.80 or higher) and a weak inverse correlation of apoB with LDL-C/apoB ratio (−0.28 ≤ r ≤ −0.14). For all 3 cohorts, CHD risk was higher for higher levels of apoB. Upon multivariable adjustment, the association between apoB and new-onset CHD remained robust and statistically significant in all 3 cohorts with hazard ratios per 1 SD (95% CI): 1.24 (1.22–1.27), 1.33 (1.20–1.47), and 1.24 (1.09–1.42) for UKB, WHS, and FHS, respectively. However, the association between LDL-C/apoB and CHD was statistically significant only in the FHS cohort: 0.78 (0.64–0.94).

Conclusions
Our analysis confirms that apoB is a strong risk factor for CHD. However, given the null association in 2 of the 3 studies, we cannot confirm that cholesterol-depleted LDL particles are substantially more atherogenic than cholesterol-replete particles. These results lend further support to routine measurement of apoB in clinical care.
Estivation and Postestivation Development of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) at Different Temperatures
Authors: Limbu Samita , Keena Melody A , Dietschler Nicholas , O’Connor Katharine , Whitmore Mark C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is the most important pest of hemlocks in the eastern United States, where it completes three generations a year. We investigated the impact of temperature (8, 12, 16, and 20°C) on the estivation and postaestivation stages of the A. tsugae sistens generation. Temperature significantly impacted development and survival of this generation. The highest mortality occurred at the coolest temperature (8°C). Adelges tsugae developed rapidly as the temperature increased and optimum temperatures for development ranged between 17 and 22°C for the different instars. The estimated lower temperature threshold was 0°C for second instar nymphs and 3 –5°C for the other instars and the preoviposition period. Estivating first-instar sistentes resumed development (as evidenced by segments becoming visible) after 40–100 d at the constant temperatures (fastest at 16°C) then required only 105 degree-days (DD) for 50% of the individuals to molt. Subsequent instars developed rapidly (another 470 DD total to reach adult), and oviposition began at ~623 DD from the time the first instars resumed development. This study provides valuable data required to develop an annual phenology model for A. tsugae which will assist in timing monitoring and control treatments.
Normative values of the aortic valve area and Doppler measurements using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: results from the Multicentre World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography Study
Authors: Cotella Juan I , Miyoshi Tatsuya , Mor-Avi Victor , Addetia Karima , Schreckenberg Marcus , Sun Deyu , Slivnick Jeremy A , Blankenhagen Michael , Hitschrich Niklas , Amuthan Vivekanandan , Citro Rodolfo , Daimon Masao , Gutiérrez-Fajardo Pedro , Kasliwal Ravi , Kirkpatrick James N , Monaghan Mark J , Muraru Denisa , Ogunyankin Kofo O , Park Seung Woo , Tude Rodrigues Ana Clara , Ronderos Ricardo , Sadeghpour Anita , Scalia Gregory , Takeuchi Masaaki , Tsang Wendy , Tucay Edwin S , Zhang Mei , Prado Aldo D , Asch Federico M , Lang Roberto M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAortic valve area (AVA) used for echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) has been traditionally interpreted independently of sex, age and race. As differences in normal values might impact clinical decision-making, we aimed to establish sex-, age- and race-specific normative values for AVA and Doppler parameters using data from the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Study.Methods and resultsTwo-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic studies were obtained from 1903 healthy adult subjects (48% women). Measurements of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter and Doppler parameters, including AV and LVOT velocity time integrals (VTIs), AV mean pressure gradient, peak velocity, were obtained according to ASE/EACVI guidelines. AVA was calculated using the continuity equation. Compared with men, women had smaller LVOT diameters and AVA values, and higher AV peak velocities and mean gradients (all P &lt; 0.05). LVOT and AV VTI were significantly higher in women (P &lt; 0.05), and both parameters increased with age in both sexes. AVA differences persisted after indexing to body surface area. According to the current diagnostic criteria, 13.5% of women would have been considered to have mild AS and 1.4% moderate AS. LVOT diameter and AVA were lower in older subjects, both men and women, and were lower in Asians, compared with whites and blacks.ConclusionWASE data provide clinically relevant information about significant differences in normal AVA and Doppler parameters according to sex, age, and race. The implementation of this information into clinical practice should involve development of specific normative values for each ethnic group using standardized methodology.
Welfare Cuts and Crime: Evidence from the New Poor Law
Authors: Melander Eric , Miotto Martina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The New Poor Law reform of 1834 induced dramatic and heterogeneous reductions in welfare spending across English and Welsh counties. Using the reform in a difference-in-differences instrumental variables strategy, we document a robust negative relationship between the generosity of welfare provision and criminal activity. Results are driven by non-violent property crimes and are stronger during months of seasonal agricultural unemployment, highlighting the particularly criminogenic combination of welfare cuts and precarious work opportunities for the economically vulnerable.
Violin-making in Rome, 1700−1830: new archival investigations
Authors: Barbieri Patrizio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Roman production in the lutherie sector focused almost exclusively on plucked-string instruments: in the numerous workshop inventories that have come down to us, the various members of the viola family are very rare indeed, while violins are almost entirely absent. Again in Rome, the profession of violin-maker (‘violinaro’) starts to appear only in the second quarter of the 18th century; unlike the situation with the luthiers of the two previous centuries, only one workshop inventory has previously been described from this type of maker: that of the ‘violinaro’ Crescenzio Ugar (1791), which unfortunately provides very little information about the maker’s effective production.
This article aims to help to fill the gap, which is all the more serious since it concerns a class of instruments that (unlike those of the plucked-string type) was the most valued from the 18th century onwards—not only from a musical point of view, but also from a purely economic perspective. I refer in particular to three previously unpublished inventories of the stock of well-known violinari operating in Rome: Francesco Emiliani (1736), Giulio Cesare Gigli (1794) and Giovanni Maria Valenzano (1826). To these we may add Magno Longo (1704), one of just two guitar-makers (‘chitarrari’) of German origin, from whose workshop we also find documentation concerning the production of violins. I also present a review of the instruments played by several Roman violinists during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Impact of Lactobacillus-originated metabolites on enterohemorrhagic E. coli in rumen fluid
Authors: Aditya Arpita , Rahaman Shaik O , Biswas Debabrata 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rumen is one of the richest microbial ecosystems naturally harboring many zoonotic pathogens. Controlling the colonization of cattle originated zoonotic pathogens in rumen, particularly enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), is critical in reducing foodborne enteric diseases in humans. In this study, we aimed to inhibit the growth of EHEC in a simulated rumen system with collected rumen fluids (RFs) using live probiotics, synbiotics, and their metabolites. EHEC inoculated RF was treated with live wild type Lactobacillus casei (LCwt), LCwt with 0.5% peanut flour (LCwt+PF), an engineered LC capable of overexpressing linoleate isomerase (LCCLA), and their metabolites collected in cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSwt, CFCSwt+PF, and CFCSCLA) at various time points. A growth stimulatory effect toward Lactobacillus spp. was exerted by all CFCS, while the EHEC was suppressed. Among other treatments only LCwt+PF reduced EHEC by 2.68 logs after 72 h. This observation was also supported by metataxonomic analysis. A reduction in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria while increase in Firmicutes was observed at 48 h by the presence of CFCSs as compared to the control. Our observation implies probiotic-originated metabolites modulate rumen microbiota positively which can be deployed to control the transmission of cattle-borne pathogens specifically EHEC.
A chromosome-length genome assembly and annotation of blackberry (Rubus argutus, cv. “Hillquist”)
Authors: Brůna Tomáš , Aryal Rishi , Dudchenko Olga , Sargent Daniel James , Mead Daniel , Buti Matteo , Cavallini Andrea , Hytönen Timo , Andrés Javier , Pham Melanie , Weisz David , Mascagni Flavia , Usai Gabriele , Natali Lucia , Bassil Nahla , Fernandez Gina E , Lomsadze Alexandre , Armour Mitchell , Olukolu Bode , Poorten Thomas , Britton Caitlin , Davik Jahn , Ashrafi Hamid , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Borodovsky Mark , Worthington Margaret 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Blackberries (Rubus spp.) are the fourth most economically important berry crop worldwide. Genome assemblies and annotations have been developed for Rubus species in subgenus Idaeobatus, including black raspberry (R. occidentalis), red raspberry (R. idaeus), and R. chingii, but very few genomic resources exist for blackberries and their relatives in subgenus Rubus. Here we present a chromosome-length assembly and annotation of the diploid blackberry germplasm accession “Hillquist” (R. argutus). “Hillquist” is the only known source of primocane-fruiting (annual-fruiting) in tetraploid fresh-market blackberry breeding programs and is represented in the pedigree of many important cultivars worldwide. The “Hillquist” assembly, generated using Pacific Biosciences long reads scaffolded with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing, consisted of 298 Mb, of which 270 Mb (90%) was placed on 7 chromosome-length scaffolds with an average length of 38.6 Mb. Approximately 52.8% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements. The genome sequence was highly collinear with a novel maternal haplotype-resolved linkage map of the tetraploid blackberry selection A-2551TN and genome assemblies of R. chingii and red raspberry. A total of 38,503 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 72% were functionally annotated. Eighteen flowering gene homologs within a previously mapped locus aligning to an 11.2 Mb region on chromosome Ra02 were identified as potential candidate genes for primocane-fruiting. The utility of the “Hillquist” genome has been demonstrated here by the development of the first genotyping-by-sequencing-based linkage map of tetraploid blackberry and the identification of possible candidate genes for primocane-fruiting. This chromosome-length assembly will facilitate future studies in Rubus biology, genetics, and genomics and strengthen applied breeding programs.
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome associated with genetic defects in the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase
Authors: Picard Jean-Yves , Morin Gilles , Devouassoux-Shisheboran Mojgan , Van der Smagt Jasper , Klosowski Serge , Pienkowski Catherine , Pierre-Renoult Peggy , Masson Cécile , Bole Christine , Josso Nathalie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Can mutations of genes other than AMH or AMHR2, namely PPP1R12A coding myosin phosphatase, lead to persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The detection of PPP1R12A truncation mutations in five cases of PMDS suggests that myosin phosphatase is involved in Müllerian regression, independently of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling cascade.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Mutations of AMH and AMHR2 are detectable in an overwhelming majority of PMDS patients but in 10% of cases, both genes are apparently normal, suggesting that other genes may be involved.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
DNA samples from 39 PMDS patients collected from 1990 to present, in which Sanger sequencing had failed to detect biallelic AMH or AMHR2 mutations, were screened by massive parallel sequencing.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
To rule out the possibility that AMH or AMHR2 mutations could have been missed, all DNA samples of good quality were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Twenty-four samples in which the absence of AMH or AMHR2 biallelic mutations was confirmed were subjected to whole-exome sequencing with the aim of detecting variants of other genes potentially involved in PMDS.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Five patients out of 24 (21%) harbored deleterious truncation mutations of PP1R12A, the gene coding for the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase, were detected. In addition to PMDS, three of these patients presented with ileal and one with esophageal atresia. The congenital abnormalities associated with PMDS in our patients are consistent with those described in the literature for PPP1R12A variants and have never been described in cases of AMH or AMHR2 mutations. The role of chance is therefore extremely unlikely.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The main limitation of the study is the lack of experimental validation of the role of PPP1R12A in Müllerian regression. Only circumstantial evidence is available, myosin phosphatase is required for cell mobility, which plays a major role in Müllerian regression. Alternatively, PPP1R12A mutations could affect the AMH transduction pathway.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The study supports the conclusion that failure of Müllerian regression in males is not necessarily associated with a defect in AMH signaling. Extending the scope of molecular analysis should shed light upon the mechanism of the initial steps of male sex differentiation.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study was funded by la Fondation Maladies Rares, GenOmics 2021_0404 and la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, grant EQU201903007868. The authors report no conflict of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.