bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobbies in education
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are still several types of high school in Italy. Students from low-income families are likely to attend technical schools, which are supposed to prepare students for lower-income technical jobs. Why is this the case? Why is an egalitarian society so far away from equal opportunities for all, regardless of family background? To answer this question, we must acknowledge the simple truth that egalitarianism, as practised in Italy, is the opposite of the concept of equal opportunities. The pursuit of equal opportunities in a modern society requires that virtually the entire population has the opportunity to enrol in tertiary education. Instead, the education system is the result of the other major force that shaped Italian institutions: lack of meritocracy as a means of self-preservation for a conservative elite. For this same false egalitarian culture, no one has ever succeeded in creating top-level universities where only the best students and best scholars can have access. If there are top-level universities, there must also be universities that are not top. However, in the current prevailing culture, not only among many students and professors but also in political establishments, all universities should be equal.
Egalitarianism and labour
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA powerful egalitarian drive—the opposite of meritocracy—has guided trade unions’ action. Nationwide collective contracts in each sector account for the bulk of the average wage and do not allow for differentiation in line with productivity developments in companies or territories. Specific company-level contracts are not used, except for a few medium- to large companies, usually accounting for a relatively small proportion of overall wages. In practice, they can only add to national contracts and never derogate from them. Whether national or local, collective agreements do not only fix a minimum wage, but they fix wages for all categories of workers, whether blue or white collared. Various laws introduced over the past two decades have provided fiscal incentives to firms and workers who agreed to set up company-level contracts to increase productivity instead of relying on national contracts. The results have been disappointing so far, and the proportion of productivity-related add-ons is relatively tiny. All this has critical implications. Companies have few margins with which to legally reward the more productive workers and almost no possibility of punishing unproductive workers. And there is no relation between wages and productivity across regions of Italy, which is one of the causes of high unemployment in the South because both productivity and the cost of living are lower in that area. In addition, trade unions have always tried to protect the worker on the job instead of in the market; skilling, reskilling, and active labour market policies have been neglected.
Summing up on Italy
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly this century, Italy and Germany were labelled ‘the two sick nations’ of the advanced world because of their low growth. Both tried to deal with such a situation with reforms. Italy started introducing reforms in the early 1990s, and never stopped trying. However, more than thirty years of attempted reforms did not produce the expected results. According to the prevailing narrative, Germany made a new beginning after the round of reforms enacted from 2003 to 2005. Maybe the government made it clear that the nation was in a corner, calling for a robust boost to competitiveness. At any rate, the consequence was a long period of wage moderation, which gave Germany a solid competitive edge in exports and import-competing sectors. In today’s Italy, the tragedy of Covid-19 may be conducive to making Italians more aware of the importance of helping themselves, taking risks, and creating new activities. There may be similarities with the entrepreneurial spirit and reward for merit that animated the country in the first two decades after the war. After all, Italy is still the second industrial country in Europe. It has a group of small multinationals that have managed to withstand the challenges of international markets and thrive. And maybe the new apparently calm and constructive political climate around Mario Draghi might help make the reforms needed to create the right incentives for a genuinely new beginning. But, for now, it is just hope.
Lessons
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe book’s main take is that meritocracy is fundamental to economic prosperity, especially when a country needs to switch from imitation-led growth to endogenous frontier growth: ‘No Silicon Valley without Stanford University’. It is challenging for a country without excellent research to change from imitation to endogenous frontier innovation. The book shows how and why meritocracy was left out of Italian universities in favour of a semi-feudal system based on personal loyalty to the ‘barons’ who dominate the field. According to the anti-meritocratic egalitarian culture that has prevailed since the 1970s, money should not reward the best departments but help the laggard to catch up. To the critics of meritocracy, the book points out that there is more social mobility in the USA than in Italy: the offspring of a family in which neither parent has attained a high-school degree has a 6 per cent probability of obtaining a university degree, one of the lowest in the OECD. Instead, they have a 64 per cent probability of attaining only a lower secondary degree or less; this number is a record, in the sense that it is the highest in the OECD, except for Turkey. In the USA, the equivalent numbers are 13 per cent (more than twice as much as Italy) and 28 per cent (less than half as much as Italy). In light of these numbers, it is difficult to argue that Ivy League-plus universities are the killer of equal opportunity. On the contrary, they are likely to contribute to equal opportunities.
Geographical Imaginations
Authors: Acharya Indranil , Panda Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Matters of space, spatiality, geography, topography, and place have mostly remained neglected in modern scholarship and teaching because in most modern and postmodern literary criticism history and temporality have been dominating discourses. But in recent criticism, the ‘when’ and ‘what’ of literature yield place to ‘where’ as Michel Foucault declared the present time as ‘the epoch of space’. Literature reflects a spirit of place and a sense of place because place is known and given meaning when it is felt and closely experienced by human beings living in it. This humanistic geographical emphasis on human experience of place opens up the possibility of an interdisciplinary study of literature of geography. Literature creates and recreates geography in its own way and there are many ways of looking at literary representation of space and place. The book is meant to offer a good introduction to those divergent ways in which place, topography, and geography evince themselves in literature.
Literature’s Nonplaces
Authors: Acharya Indranil , Panda Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although literary place criticism since the 1970s tends to envisage literature as a platform where places find an altogether new dimension being invested with new meaning given by human experience of it, we cannot deny the immense variety of literary geography that ventures beyond the human habitat and its obvious social, cultural, and political connotations. From a very ancient time, literary imagination creates and recreates places that are not real but can only be thought of. A space without human experience attached to it cannot be called a place. But such places are found in plenty in literature. These are often known as ‘nonplaces’ in the terminology of spatial humanities. The chapter attempts to look at different nonplaces that appear in literature and seeks to locate the ways in which it recreates known geography into something unfamiliar.
Geography of Exclusion
Authors: Acharya Indranil , Panda Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The dialectical relationship between geographical core and periphery has been a focal point of literature down the ages. This core–periphery dichotomy became a major theme in postcolonial literature and several peripheral literary works belonging to the literal geographical margins of the world as well as society. With a detailed discussion of how literature addresses the life and culture of a geographical margin particularly in postcolonial texts and indigenous writings, the chapter tries to locate the ways in which a literary text gives vent to a geographical margin. It also attempts to describe how spatial segregation often leads to inhuman humiliation of the dispossessed. The discussion, from this point of view, tries to destabilize the core–periphery equation.
The Nehruvian Ideal
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Around 1958 Nehru came to Sagar, to lay foundation of the Library of the University. There was huge excitement. All roads of our town were improved and we all lined up on them to see, greet and cheer him up. But before that in 1950, sometime in early January the first President designate of India came to Sagar to deliver the convocation address at the university. Interestingly he was staying in the circuit house which was close to our house. Vajpeyi’s father was a University official and he was assigned the duty of looking after Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The day the Convocation was to take place, Vajpeyi’s father was going to the circuit house, he took his son along. Just a young 9-year-old boy, Vajpeyi could not have gone to the Convocation to look at the first President of India.
Living with a Poetic Tradition
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As Vajpeyi says in this chapter: I don’t know what a ‘typical Indian poet’ would mean. Firstly, I do not belong to those generations and there are some of them in India, who can be called disinherited generations. That is to say that they have gone into modernism in such a manner that they seem to have lost all memory of their own heritage. I have consciously avoided doing that because I do not think it is possible for a truly Indian poet to disinherit this rich heritage and face the modern dilemmas and modern experiences imaginatively and sensitively. In the Indian tradition there has always been a possibility to change within tradition. It is not like the binary created largely in the West where tradition and change are pitched against each other. In our case the change takes place within tradition. I belong to that trend where my memories, linguistic, racial, of metaphors and images and symbols of the tradition are still very eminently usable to describe, explore, enact whatever may be the so-called modern experience. For me poetry is also a civilizational matter
Levels of Consciousness
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vajpeyi has always believed in plurality. Plurality of structures, plurality of language, and plurality of even consciousness. You cannot possibly operate merely at one consistent continuous consciousness. In any case, it would continually get disrupted, subverted, added to by other forms of consciousness. And somehow, poetry must be able to resonate this. And, therefore, I have tried in some ways to take one idea and explore it in many ways. For instance, I have written a lot many poems about death, of specific persons but also death, absence in general. There was a duet of poems, one says that after death, there would be nothing, it would be the final end, which is a very modern belief. On the other hand, there is the other belief that there is another life, that you are born again and that is the other poem. And between the poems, I have not taken a position on whether this is desirable or this is not desirable, or this is true or this is not true. As a poet, it is not for me to judge. I am having both these levels of consciousness.
Painter and Poets
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Poetry does not merely exist in poetry, it is also used in paintings. So it assumes a different dimension. It is not exactly a parallel to calligraphy. There is calligraphy in China, in Japan, in Korea, which again is not because of any religious requirement, but because these languages have chosen scripts which are less of script and more of ideograms. More of little pictures, more of visual pictures of words. So there is the other kind of calligraphy. It does not have any particular religious meaning or any religious obligation under which they have evolved calligraphy.
Tradition and Innovation
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In literature or visual arts, classical or no classical, the number of people who are interested in these things is limited. Democracy, unfortunately, levels everything. The claims of popularity are forever pitched against the claims of significance. Importance of complexity in a certain sense is marginalized. The popular becomes accessible. Even the classical music is also sometimes tempted to do that. After all, the classical is music through sound and film and other forms of music are also music through sound. In India, tradition and change have never been seen as a binary. In India change is located within tradition rather than outside tradition, seldom separately.
Qawwali and the Art of Devotional Singing
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Qawwali, there is the given structure and there is this freedom or licence you can grab to add to the given composition. They call it ‘girah lagaana’, you are using the same structure and yet in between you can deviate, bring something from elsewhere and go on. This is freedom and this is an instance of individual freedom that you can choose from elsewhere. The verse is given but within the given verse you can interpolate other verses of your choice, and you are free to do that. This is acceptable. This is very much a tradition in Qawwali.
Poet as a Dissenter
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Indianness itself is such a pluralistic phenomenon as I have tried to argue in my Introduction to ‘Indian Dissents’ that dissent is almost inevitably woven into the Indian fabric, whether it is dissent from the state or dissent from tradition, from faith or belief or values. So dissent is nothing new. Except in our understanding of it and our initiation into some aspects of Indian tradition, we seem to have ignored this plurality, the plurality of dissent itself. And of existence. For instance, in the normal Indian tradition, a person who is concerned with spiritual issues will inevitably be involved with religion.
The Last Man on Earth
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vajpeyi would still prefer to be born as a poet in hopefully much better circumstances where poetry matters and poets matter. But even if they don’t, he is quite willing to accept his marginality as a category of people but he would certainly like to be reborn as a poet. Because being reborn as a poet can mean the opportunity also to be a musician, a painter, within the world of words that he can fabricate.
The Enlightened ‘Employee Unions’
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The IT implosion in all aspects of business management also has demanded appropriate levels of education and training in the skills required at all levels of an organization. Today everyone from the gate security to the salesmen is required to be computer literate to be able to manage their day-to-day organizational roles. Every workman (sorry, they need to be addressed as ‘Associates’) in today’s situation needs to be able to handle operations which are in majority of cases computer-controlled. In general this has led to an overall improvement of the educational levels at all business processes and also in understanding, the parameters which decide the business survival.
Transfer Pricing in Cross Border Taxation
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
LG India is a subsidiary company of LG Electronics Korea, which had incurred advertisement, marketing, and sales promotion expenditure on behalf of LG Electronics Income Tax. However the Transfer Pricing Officer (TPO) of the income tax department came up with a view that the said company had carried out foreign brand promotion in India for which it must have charged for such services to its foreign entity. And thus came up with a formula of cost plus 13% markup profit to determine the service price that LG should have charged to its foreign entity and pay income tax on such profits gained.
Tata Motors—The Indian Auto Giant
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This case tries to understand and analyse the marketing strategy adopted by TAMO (Tata Motors Ltd) for Tiago (Brand name of a Passenger Car from Tata Motors Stable). The practice of segmenting, targeting, and positioning of products with right choice of channels to reach out to the targeted segment is used by TAMO to strengthen the market position of their other products. The case highlights how the designers at TAMO used various platforms for developing car models right from traditional clay miniatures to life-size models to digitization of final shapes before finalizing the machining facilities. The great success behind TAMO designs is considering the role and mindset of female buyers as well as drivers which they focus more. This case study gives us insight about how TAMO turned the wheels of fortune and re-imagined the way we look at cars!
‘Beating a Dead Horse’
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite popular airlines suffering through the crippling debts, it is said that the market will boom in the coming years. The major problems suffered by the aviation industry lies in the fact that they are chasing to acquire market share and not profits. The airline has suffered years together because of its status as a public limited organization as the case of majority of the public sector undertakings in India. Lack of business attitude and aptitude dig the grave of the public sector undertaking. Air India (now taken over by the Tata Group in India) is a standing example of attempted revival strategies adopted by different governments basically due to indifference towards fast changing aviation sector scenario across the globe and lack of determination and courage to disturb the airlines which was once a national carrier and first preference of many fliers in India and abroad. Now that the current government has finally handed over the ailing airlines to a major Industrial Group known for its ability to revive sick and nearly sunk set ups back to health and normalcy. It is a wait and watch situation for now.
Indian Business Case Studies Volume II
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Case Volume II—Indian Business Case Studies is a unique blend of Business Case Studies on Indian businesses focusing on current business and economics influencing the entire business scenario. The cluster of uniquely designed and developed case studies in this volume are best suited to all aspects taught in global business schools in both UG and PG levels and business consultancy in management development projects. The expanse of the case studies in this volume covers unique issues in human resources management, financial management issues in business in all possible segments from project financing to investments, cashflow management, banking and taxation, and non-banking sectors. The three sections cover specific case studies in human resources finance management and marketing and strategic business management issues. The cases are also from relevant and current business issues such that the readers can very well correlate their search with case issues which offer the best tools for concept clarification from theoretical studies at UG and PG levels. Since there are few field search case studies (live case studies) the students and faculty can visit or refer to published data to analyse and resolve case issues. The scope of subjects of case studies is so large and relevant that they are of interest to students and faculty from any specialization and the case studies being multidisciplinary provide business sense and approach to real-life issues in business more specifically in the Indian context.
Turmoil in the Banking Landscape
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Indian banking system was initially thought to be insulated from the global financial crisis owing to heavy public ownership and cautious management. It was thus a surprise when some banks experienced deposit flight, as depositors shifted their money to government-owned banks and specifically towards the State Bank of India, the largest public bank. While there was some tendency for depositors to favour healthier banks and banks with more stable funding, the reallocation of deposits towards the State Bank of India cannot be explained by these factors alone. Rather it appears that the implicit government guarantee of the liabilities of the country’s largest public bank dominated other considerations.
Who Created the Mess?
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electrical power vehicles are the new alternative to the traditional fuel like petrol, diesel, etc. Most of the major cities in India are facing a problem of pollution due to emissions from vehicles. Specifically the metros like Delhi, Bangalore are already has recorded the highest polluted city. The demands of automobile vehicles are growing day by day. There are many reasons for it. The household income per capita is increased, intense competition ended with economic selling pricing, small segment budgeted luxury cars are available, etc. It gives boost to the automobile industry. This sector contributes largely to India’s GDP and also in terms of employment generation.
The Pains of Separation
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the more visible signs of organizational restructuring is that many firms have become flatter on the organizational chart. In search of efficiencies, some of them have removed entire layers of management to speed up communication and reduce headcount. So far so good. But what often ends up roiling the water is the prospect of employee redundancy (HP, which is headed for a split, may cut around 55,000 jobs globally), redeployments, and job separation as a company gets into the restructuring mode. A review of literature on spin-offs and demergers seems to suggest that a split in business can be organizationally disruptive as it can cause stress and broken bonds between employees who feel vulnerable and not in control of their careers. Given this, experts suggest corporate leaders must ask some fundamental questions before embarking on a demerger exercise: How can the company work to minimize the human impact of a demerger while remaining competitive? Indeed, how does the psychological contract between the worker and the employer change post a split? Above all, how can the workforce be motivated to perform better after the split? It must be understood that regardless of whether an organization conceptualizes and designates its spin-off as re-engineering or reorganization of business, the adoption and implementation of workforce reorientation strategies will inexorably produce considerable financial, organizational, and emotional effects. While some such outcomes can be anticipated and are tangible, others have unexpected, long-term consequences that are difficult to measure.