bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between EPHA5 methylation status in peripheral blood leukocytes and the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Han Xu , Liu Tianyu , Zhai Jiabao , Liu Chang , Wang Wanyu , Nie Chuang , Wang Qi , Zhu Xiaojie , Zhou Haibo , Tian Wenjing 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Altered DNA methylation, genetic alterations, and environmental factors are involved in tumorigenesis. As a tumor suppressor gene, abnormal EPHA5 methylation was found in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and was linked to the initiation, progression and prognosis of GC. In this study, the EPHA5 methylation level in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was detected to explore its relationship with GC risk and prognosis.

Methods
A total of 366 GC cases and 374 controls were selected as the subjects of this study to collect their environmental factors, and the EPHA5 methylation status was detected through the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting method. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the associations among EPHA5 methylation, environmental factors and GC risk. Meanwhile, the propensity score (PS) was used to adjust the imbalance of some independent variables.

Results
After PS adjustment, EPHA5 Pm (positive methylation) was more likely to increase the GC risk than EPHA5 Nm (negative methylation) (ORb = 1.827, 95% CI [1.202–2.777], P = 0.005). EPHA5 Pm had a more significant association with GC risk in the elderly (ORa = 2.785, 95% CI [1.563–4.961], P = 0.001) and H. pylori-negative groups (ORa = 2.758, 95% CI [1.369–5.555], P = 0.005). Moreover, the combined effects of EPHA5 Pm and H. pylori infection (ORca = 3.543, 95% CI [2.233–5.621], P < 0.001), consumption of alcohol (ORca = 2.893, 95% CI [1.844–4.539], P < 0.001), and salty food intake (ORca = 4.018, 95% CI [2.538–6.362], P < 0.001) on increasing the GC risk were observed. In addition, no convincing association was found between EPHA5 Pm and the GC prognosis.

Conclusions
EPHA5 methylation in PBLs and its combined effects with environmental risk factors are related to the GC risk.
Trans-Arctic vicariance in Strongylocentrotus sea urchins
Authors: Addison Jason A. , Kim Jinhong 
Published: September 2022

The sea urchins Strongylocentotus pallidus and S. droebachiensis first invaded the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific following the opening of the Bering seaway in the late Miocene. While trans-Arctic dispersal during the Pleistocene is thought to have maintained species’ integrity, a recent genomic analysis identified a reproductively isolated cryptic species within S. droebachiensis. Based on previous studies, the distribution of one of these lineages (S. droebachiensis W) includes the shallow water habitats of the northwest Atlantic and Pacific, while the other (S. droebachiensis E) is found throughout the shallow habitat in the northeast but is mostly restricted to deep habitats (>65 m) in the northwest Atlantic. However, since genetic variation within S. droebachiensis has been largely unstudied in the north Pacific and Arctic oceans, the biogeography of the cryptic species is not well known, and it is difficult to identify the mechanisms driving population subdivision and speciation. Here we use population genetic analyses to characterize the distribution of each species, and to test hypotheses about the role of vicariance in the evolution of systematic and genomic divergence within the genus. We collected individuals of all three Strongylocentrotus species (n = 365) from 10 previously unsampled locations in the northeast Pacific and north Atlantic (Labrador Sea and Norway), and generated mtDNA sequence data for a 418 bp fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). To assess the biogeography of all three species, we combined our alignment with five previously published data sets (total n = 789) and used statistical parsimony and maximum likelihood to identify species and characterize their distribution within and among oceans. Patterns of haplotype sharing, pairwise FST, and hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified trans-Arctic dispersal in S. pallidus and S. droebachiensis W, but other than 5 previously reported singletons we failed to detect additional mtDNA haplotypes of S. droebachiensis E in the north Pacific. Within the Atlantic, patterns of habitat segregation suggests that temperature may play a role in limiting the distribution of S. droebachiensis E, particularly throughout the warmer coastal waters along the coast of Nova Scotia. Our results are consistent with the cycles of trans-Arctic dispersal and vicariance in S. pallidus and S. droebachiensis W, but we suggest that the evolution of Atlantic populations of S. droebachiensis E has been driven by persistent trans-Arctic vicariance that may date to the initial invasion in the late Pliocene.
Association of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Gelfand Joel M. , Shin Daniel B. , Armstrong April W. , Tyring Stephen K. , Blauvelt Andrew , Gottlieb Scott , Lockshin Benjamin N. , Kalb Robert E. , Fitzsimmons Robert , Rodante Justin , Parel Philip , Manyak Grigory A. , Mendelsohn Laurel , Noe Megan H. , Papadopoulos Maryte , Syed Maha N. , Werner Thomas J. , Wan Joy , Playford Martin P. , Alavi Abass , Mehta Nehal N. 
Published: September 2022

ImportancePsoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss.ObjectiveTo determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites in the United States. A total of 101 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were screened, 70 enrolled, 60 completed week 16, and 39 completed week 52.InterventionApremilast, 30 mg, twice daily.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAortic vascular inflammation (measured by FDG-PET/CT), 68 cardiometabolic biomarkers, and abdominal fat composition (measured by CT) at week 16 and week 52 compared with baseline.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the 70 patients was 47.5 (14.6) years, 54 were male (77.1%), 4 were Black (5.7%), and 58 were White (82.9%). There was no change in aortic vascular inflammation at week 16 (target to background ratio, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.05; P = .61) or week 52 (target to background ratio, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.01; P = .09) compared with baseline. At week 16, potentially beneficial decreases in interleukin 1b, valine, leucine, isoleucine, fetuin A, and branched-chain amino acids were observed. At week 52 compared with baseline, potentially beneficial decreases in ferritin, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and ketone bodies, with an increase in apolipoprotein A-1, were observed, but there was a reduction in cholesterol efflux. There was an approximately 5% to 6% reduction in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity at week 16 that was maintained at week 52.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that apremilast has a neutral association with aortic vascular inflammation, variable but generally beneficial associations with a subset of cardiometabolic biomarkers, and associations with reductions in visceral and subcutaneous fat, indicating that the drug may have an overall benefit for patients with cardiometabolic disease and psoriasis.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082729
Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Among Older Adults Receiving Influenza Vaccine in Taiwan
Authors: Yen Cheng-Chang , Wei Kai-Che , Wang Wen-Hwa , Huang Yu-Tung , Chang Yu-Chia 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceAlthough influenza vaccination has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the findings among studies of older adult populations are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of GBS after influenza vaccination among older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study incorporated a self-controlled case series design. Days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 after influenza vaccination were identified as risk intervals; days 8 to 180, days 15 to 180, and days 43 to 180 comprised the corresponding control interval. Population-based data were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance research database between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2021, through February 28, 2022. Adults 65 years or older who developed GBS within 180 days after influenza vaccination were enrolled.ExposureGovernment-funded seasonal influenza vaccination.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOnset of GBS during risk intervals after influenza vaccination compared with control intervals using Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsOf 13 482 122 adults aged 65 years or older who received an influenza vaccination, 374 were hospitalized for GBS. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 75.0 (6.1) years; 215 (57.5%) were men and 159 (42.5%) were women. In terms of comorbidities, 33 adults (8.8%) had cancer and 4 (1.1%) had autoimmune diseases. The IRRs for GBS during days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.55-1.61; P = .84), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.58-1.29; P = .48), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.72-1.17; P = .49), respectively. No results showed statistical significance. Similarly, no significant differences in IRRs were noted for the overall risk interval (ie, days 1-42) in subgroup analyses pertaining to different age groups (65-74 years [0.93 (95% CI, 0.66-1.31)], 75-84 years [0.85 (95% CI, 0.58-1.26)], and ≥85 years [1.10 (95% CI, 0.57-2.11)]), sex (men, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71-1.33; P = .87]; women, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.58-1.23; P = .39]), Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.03 [95% CI, 0.77-1.38; P = .84]), or comorbidities (cancer, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.28-1.64; P = .39]; autoimmune disease, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.11-10.53; P = .94]).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that influenza vaccination did not increase the risk of GBS among adults aged 65 years or older in Taiwan regardless of postvaccination period or underlying characteristics.
Space and composition of Craig Ellwood's residential buildings, focusing on structural systems
Authors: Masuoka Ryo , Suekane Shingo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the type and transformation of the spatial composition of Craig Ellwood's residential works were investigated, focusing on structural systems. The analysis addressed 28 works, evaluating the structure construction, structure of the main facade, and inner space structure. As a result, the following points were derived: In the 1950s, the order in space was created by setting directions and showing beams in inner and outer spaces. In the 1960s, the order in space was achieved by forming an architectural framework with columns and beams clearly exposed in the exterior space.
Ultraflexible and Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Organic Phototransistors for Hemispherical Biomimetic Eyes
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaoli , Tan Mingyue , Wang Bin , Zhang Mingxin , Wang Xue , Guo Sanlei , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe diverse biological eyes vision systems found in nature can provide attractive design inspiration for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging devices. Outstanding features of the retina are its concave hemisphere geometry and high‐sensitivity image acquisition, which simplify the optical complexity of the eye and improve the imaging quality of visual perception. However, developing high‐performance NIR biomimetic imaging systems with these characteristics is extremely challenging due to the limitations of their hemisphere‐like structures, constituent materials, and conventional imaging modules. Here, a hemispherical biomimetic eyes imaging system based on ultraflexible all‐polymer heterojunction NIR phototransistors is presented. The device features a self‐supporting ultrathin (≈659 nm) NIR imaging structure that can maintain stable photoelectric performance while adhering to the human body or arbitrary‐shaped objects and have extraordinary photosensitivity (≈106) under dim light conditions (0.038 mW cm−2, 808 nm). Based on the versatile NIR device array, hemispherical ultrasensitive NIR biomimetic eyes are successfully achieved and higher‐resolution imaging is realized. Results demonstrated in this work provide a new strategy for constructing ultraflexible and ultrasensitive NIR photodetectors, showing remarkable application potential in next‐generation visual prosthetics and intelligent bioimaging systems.
Large‐Area Growth of MoS2/WS2 Heterostructures by a Sequential Atomic Layer Deposition and Spin‐Coating Approach
Authors: Pareek Devendra , Gonzalez Marco A. , Grewo Nedal , Janßen Marten L. , Arunakiri Kumarahgiri , Alimi Kayode Luqman , Silies Martin , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent , Schäfer Sascha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the plethora of intriguing phenomena observed in heterostructure stacks of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (2D‐TMDC) flakes, their application in functional devices is still hampered due to the lack of reliable growth methodologies for large‐area heterostructures. Here, a scalable process for obtaining as‐grown transition metal di‐chalcogenide heterostructures by a combination of atomic layer deposition of monolayer MoS2 and solution‐based processing of ultrathin WS2 is presented. Spatially uniform optical and electrical characteristics of the individual TMDC layers and heterostructures are demonstrated down to micrometer length scales using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and light‐beam‐induced current measurements. An enhanced photogenerated current is observed for lateral MoS2–MoS2/WS2 heterostructures demonstrating the suitability of this approach for the preparation of functional devices.
Mesoporous Ultrathin g‐C3N4 with Surface Defects Activates Peroxodisulfate for Tetracycline Removal under Visible Light: Synergy and Mechanism
Authors: Song Yanhua , Wu Yansong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Chengqian , Zheng Zeen , Zhai Linzhi , Chen Hanxiang , Mo Zhao , Li Huaming , Xu Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal‐free catalysts combined with a persulfate‐based advanced oxidation process (PS‐AOP) are considered to be a promising purification technology. In this study, porous thin layers of g‐C3N4 with nitrogen defects are synthesized by a simple method. Multiple characterization methods demonstrate the porous thin layer structure and the N defects of P‐CNx‐1. Photoelectrochemistry tests show that the combination of morphological modulation and defect engineering produces an excellent photocurrent response. The P‐CNx‐1/PS/Vis system shows the best tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency degrading 74.2% of TC within 90 min, and the degradation kinetics are significantly improved. Optimal degradation conditions such as catalyst dosage, persulfate (PS) dosage, initial TC concentration, and initial pH are investigated. Cyclic and anionic experiments demonstrate the excellent stability of P‐CNx‐1 and its ability to treat complex aqueous bases. Mechanistic experiments show that ˙OH/SO4˙−/˙O2−/h+/1O2 are all involved in the degradation of TC. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) suggests possible degradation pathways for TC. This work aims to provide new ideas for the application of metal‐free g‐C3N4 in PS activation.
Algorithms and the future of work
Authors: Howard John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn algorithm refers to a series of stepwise instructions used by a machine to perform a mathematical operation. In 1955, the term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined to indicate that a machine could be programmed to duplicate human intelligence. Even though that goal has not yet been reached, the use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms has moved us closer to that goal. While algorithm‐enabled systems and devices will bring many benefits to occupational safety and health, this Commentary focuses on new sources of worker risk that algorithms present in the use of worker management systems, advanced sensor technologies, and robotic devices. A new “digital Taylorism” may erode worker autonomy, and lead to work intensification and psychosocial stress. The presence of large amounts of information on workers within algorithmic‐enabled systems presents security and privacy risks. Reliance on indiscriminate data mining may reproduce forms of discrimination and lead to inequalities in hiring, retention, and termination. Workers interfacing with robots may face work intensification and job displacement, while injury in the course of employment by a robotic device is also possible. Algorithm governance strategies are discussed such as risk management practices, national and international laws and regulations, and emerging legal accountability proposals. Determining if an algorithm is safe for workplace use is rapidly becoming a challenge for manufacturers, programmers, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners. To achieve the benefits that algorithm‐enabled systems and devices promise in the future of work, now is the time to study how to effectively manage their risks.
The development of sex differences in play in wild white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Winkler Sasha L. , Perry Susan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany mammalian species display sex differences in the frequency of play behavior, yet the animal literature includes few longitudinal studies of play, which are important for understanding the developmental timing of sex differences and the evolutionary functions of play. We analyzed social play, solitary play, and grooming using an 18‐year data set on 38 wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) followed since infancy. Rates of each behavior were measured as the proportion of point samples taken during focal follows in which the individual engaged in each behavior. To determine sex differences in these rates, we ran a series of generalized linear mixed models, considering both linear and quadratic effects of age, and chose the optimal model for each of the three behavioral outcomes based on information criteria. Rates of both social play and solitary play decreased with age, with the exception of social play in males, which increased in the early juvenile period before decreasing. Male and female capuchins had different developmental patterns of social play, with males playing more than females during most of the juvenile period, but they did not display meaningful sex differences in solitary play rates. Additionally, males and females had different patterns of grooming over the lifespan: males participated in grooming at low rates throughout their lives, while adult females participated in grooming at much higher rates, peaking around age 11 years before declining. We suggest that male and female white‐faced capuchins may adopt alternative social bonding strategies, including different developmental timing and different behaviors (social play for males vs. grooming for females). Our results were consistent with two functional hypotheses of play, the practice and bonding hypotheses. This study demonstrates that play behavior may be critical for the development of sex‐specific social strategies and emphasizes the importance of developmental perspectives on social behaviors.
A Triplet Label Extends Two‐Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy from Pico‐ to Microseconds
Authors: Brunst Hendrik , Masood Hafiz M. A. , Thun A. Rafael , Kondratiev Alexander , Wille Georg , van Wilderen Luuk J. G. W. , Bredenbeck Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn conventional two‐dimensional infrared (2D‐IR) spectroscopy, the inherently short vibrational lifetimes limit the time window to observe molecular dynamics typically to tens of picoseconds. The rather complex dynamics of organized molecular systems (e.g., glass formers, polymers, membranes, proteins), however, span a wide range of timescales from femto‐ to microseconds and beyond. Vibrationally Promoted Electronic Resonance (VIPER) 2D‐IR negates the limitations of 2D‐IR spectroscopy, for its signal decays with the electronic lifetime. Here, we present 2‐Isopropylthioxanthone as the first VIPER 2D‐IR probe to exploit intersystem crossing, thereby covering even the microsecond timescale. We achieved the required signal‐to‐noise ratio and resolution by introducing the Fourier‐transform approach to the VIPER 2D‐IR pulse sequence. Now, we are in a position to monitor dynamics via spectral diffusion several orders of magnitude beyond the vibrational lifetime of 2D‐IR labels.
Was uns die Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie über den aktiven Zustand von Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion lehrt**
Authors: Risch Marcel , Morales Dulce M. , Villalobos Javier , Antipin Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Umsetzung der chemischen Energiespeicherung für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung erfordert die wissensbasierte Verbesserung von Elektrokatalysatormaterialien, wofür ihre Beschaffenheit unter Reaktionsbedingungen aufgedeckt werden muss. Für ein besseres Verständnis von genügend vorhandenen Metalloxiden als Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) ist die Kombination von elektrochemischen (EC) Methoden und Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, XAS) sehr aufschlussreich, birgt aber noch ungenutztes Potential. In diesem Artikel werden EC und XAS kurz vorgestellt, und es wird der notwendige Rahmen geschaffen, um die Veränderungen zu erörtern, die elektrokatalytische Materialien während ihrer Herstellung und Lagerung, während des Eintauchens in einen Elektrolyten sowie während der Anwendung von Potentialen durchlaufen. Wir schließen mit einer Zusammenfassung darüber, wie EC und XAS derzeit kombiniert werden, um aktive Zustände aufzuklären, sowie mit einem Ausblick auf weitere Möglichkeiten, die Mechanismen der Elektrokatalyse mithilfe kombinierter Operando‐EC‐XAS‐Experimente zu verstehen.
Aryl Fluorosulfate Based Inhibitors That Covalently Target the SIRT5 Lysine Deacylase**
Authors: Bolding Julie E. , Martín‐Gago Pablo , Rajabi Nima , Gamon Luke F. , Hansen Tobias N. , Bartling Christian R. O. , Strømgaard Kristian , Davies Michael J. , Olsen Christian A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sirtuin enzymes are a family of lysine deacylases that regulate gene transcription and metabolism. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) hydrolyzes malonyl, succinyl, and glutaryl ϵ‐N‐carboxyacyllysine posttranslational modifications and has recently emerged as a vulnerability in certain cancers. However, chemical probes to illuminate its potential as a pharmacological target have been lacking. Here we report the harnessing of aryl fluorosulfate‐based electrophiles as an avenue to furnish covalent inhibitors that target SIRT5. Alkyne‐tagged affinity‐labeling agents recognize and capture overexpressed SIRT5 in cultured HEK293T cells and can label SIRT5 in the hearts of mice upon intravenous injection of the compound. This work demonstrates the utility of aryl fluorosulfate electrophiles for targeting of SIRT5 and suggests this as a means for the development of potential covalent drug candidates. It is our hope that these results will serve as inspiration for future studies investigating SIRT5 and general sirtuin biology in the mitochondria.