bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Collins Katherine A. , Ross Leanna M. , Slentz Cris A. , Huffman Kim M. , Kraus William E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, identifying the most appropriate preventive treatment early in the development of disease is an important public health matter. In general, lifestyle interventions incorporating exercise and weight loss via caloric restriction improve cardiometabolic risk by impacting several key markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, variations in the effects of specific types of exercise interventions on these markers have led to conflicting results surrounding the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise for optimal effects. Moreover, the addition of weight loss via caloric restriction to exercise interventions appears to differentially impact changes in body composition, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity compared to exercise alone. Determining the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise having the most beneficial impact on glycemic status is both: (1) clinically important to provide guidelines for appropriate exercise prescription; and (2) physiologically important to understand the pathways by which exercise—with and without weight loss—impacts glycemic status to enhance precision lifestyle medicine. Thus, the purposes of this narrative review are to: (1) summarize findings from the three Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials regarding the differential effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on insulin action and glucose homeostasis markers; and (2) compare the STRRIDE findings to other published dose–response exercise trials in order to piece together the various physiologic pathways by which specific exercise interventions—with or without weight loss—impact glycemic status.
Towards a standardisation for digital inputs and outputs of protection functions in IEC 60255 series
Authors: Leitloff Volker , Chen Hao , Chen Dehui , Bonetti Andrea , Xu Lei , Mohamed Ahmed , Byman Carl ,   IEC TC95 WG2
Published: July 2022

AbstractFully digitalized substations using IEC 61850 process bus are being introduced all over the world. Numerous utilities have featured pilot projects, demonstrators or even industrial scale deployment of these Fully Digital Protection, Automation and Control Systems (FD-PACS). Product standards such as profiles for Instrument Transformers have been developed and published (IEC 61869-6 and IEC 61869-9 by TC 38—Instrument Transformers). This raises the question about the standards for digitally interfaced protection functions. In 2016, IEC TC 95 (Measuring relays and protection equipment) charged a working group to investigate this subject and to elaborate recommendations concerning requirements and testing of protection IED with digital inputs and outputs for protection standards (IEC 60255-1xx series). For protection functions, publisher/subscriber based data streams are supposed to comply with IEC 61850 and IEC 61869 standards. This holds in particular for Sampled Values (SV) representing energising inputs of the protection function, and is also applicable to Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) which can be used for input or output of protection functions. Quality attributes of published data depend on the operational and connection status of the function and the hosting IED. In addition, protection functions have to take into account the information regarding the time synchronisation of the received SV and other parameters. This paper gives an overview of these features and the proposed way to take them into account in the IEC 60255 standard series. It describes the progress of WG 2 and relates it to existing standardization documents.
Autopsy findings of pediatric COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Octavius Gilbert Sterling , Wijaya Jeremiah Hilkiah , Tan Alexa Ovilia , Muljono Michelle Patricia , Chandra Shally , Juliansen Andry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known how COVID-19 is affecting children. Autopsies help gain an understanding of the pathophysiology of new and developing diseases. Numerous post-mortem studies had been conducted in adults with COVID-19, but few in children. Thereby, this systematic review aims to investigate the autopsy findings from pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Results
There were a total of 15 patients from eight studies. COVID-19 mainly affects the heart and lungs. Pathology findings from the heart of COVID-19 pediatric patients include diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, myocarditis, cardiomyocyte necrosis, pericarditis, and interstitial edema. Histopathology abnormalities observed in the lungs are diffuse alveolar damage, cytopathic changes, thrombi in arterioles and septal capillaries, lung congestion, focal acute hemorrhage and edema, focal exudative changes, and mild pneumocyte hyperplasia. In addition, pathological findings from other organs, such as the liver, kidney, brain, bone marrow, lymph node, skin, spleen, muscle, colon, parotid gland, and adrenal of COVID-19 pediatric patients are also included in this review.

Conclusion
Cardiomyocyte necrosis, interstitial edema, lung congestion, and diffuse alveolar damage are the most significant pathologic findings of the heart and lung in pediatric COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 in autopsy findings and to determine the exact cause of death since it could be related to COVID-19 or other comorbidities.
Effect of different lethal temperature assay methods on thermal tolerance plasticity of three different breeds of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)
Authors: Chatterjee Manojit , Ray Nilay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) is one of the best-studied insect models, regularly used as a type specimen for thermal tolerance experiments on insects. Still, the upper lethal limit of this lepidopteran has never been explored extensively using any sort of conventional lethal assay method. The present study deals with the employment of different lethal assay protocols for the study of survivorship of three different breeds of mulberry silkworm (B. mori) exposed to different temperatures (30–50 °C) and durations of stress (1–3 h) on different days (day 2, 4, and 6) of the fifth instar stage for formulating an extensive upper lethal temperature (ULT50 and ULT25) index.

Results
Among treatment temperatures 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C had a significant (p =  < 0.0001) impact on the high-temperature survival rate of the silkworm. Among duration—1 h and 2 h influenced the survival rate significantly (p =  < 0.0001). Plunging, one-way ramping, and two-way ramping assay methods seemed to exert a non-significant (Wald χ2 = 3.253, p = 0.197) influence on silkworm survival. F1 hybrid was found to exhibit the highest survivorship across different temperatures, followed by the multivoltine Nistari plain and then by the bivoltine breeds. In F1 hybrid silkworms, the upper lethal temperatures ULT50, varied within the range of 37 °C to 44 °C and ULT25 varied within the range of 40–47 °C. The mean upper lethal limit—ULT0 for all three breeds of mulberry silkworm, across all experimental groups, was computed to be ~ 49 °C.

Conclusions
Ultimately the overall thermal tolerance of mulberry silkworm exhibited a significant inter-breed variation based on the heterogeneous thermal plasticity of the three different breeds. The outcome of the present study in the form of upper lethal temperature ranges of the breeds under consideration can form the basis of future thermal stress experiments in mulberry silkworms.
Normal Table of Xenopus development: a new graphical resource
Authors: Zahn Natalya , James-Zorn Christina , Ponferrada Virgilio G. , Adams Dany S. , Grzymkowski Julia , Buchholz Daniel R. , Nascone-Yoder Nanette M. , Horb Marko , Moody Sally A. , Vize Peter D. , Zorn Aaron M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Normal tables of development are essential for studies of embryogenesis, serving as an important resource for model organisms, including the frog Xenopus laevis. Xenopus has long been used to study developmental and cell biology, and is an increasingly important model for human birth defects and disease, genomics, proteomics and toxicology. Scientists utilize Nieuwkoop and Faber's classic ‘Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)’ and accompanying illustrations to enable experimental reproducibility and reuse the illustrations in new publications and teaching. However, it is no longer possible to obtain permission for these copyrighted illustrations. We present 133 new, high-quality illustrations of X. laevis development from fertilization to metamorphosis, with additional views that were not available in the original collection. All the images are available on Xenbase, the Xenopus knowledgebase (http://www.xenbase.org/entry/zahn.do), for download and reuse under an attributable, non-commercial creative commons license. Additionally, we have compiled a ‘Landmarks Table’ of key morphological features and marker gene expression that can be used to distinguish stages quickly and reliably (https://www.xenbase.org/entry/landmarks-table.do). This new open-access resource will facilitate Xenopus research and teaching in the decades to come.
Postnatal eye size in mice is controlled by SREBP2-mediated transcriptional repression of Lrp2 and Bmp2
Authors: Mai Shuyi , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Wan Esther Yi Ching , Wu Shengyu , Yonathan Jesslyn Nagalin , Wang Jun , Li Ying , Ma Jessica Yuen Wuen , Zuo Bing , Tse Dennis Yan-yin , Lo Pui-Chi , Wang Xin , Chan Kui Ming , Wu David M. , Xiong Wenjun 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Eye size is a key parameter of visual function, but the precise mechanisms of eye size control remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) has an unanticipated function in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to promote eye size in postnatal mice. SREBP2 transcriptionally represses low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (Lrp2), which has been shown to restrict eye overgrowth. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is the downstream effector of Srebp2 and Lrp2, and Bmp2 is suppressed by SREBP2 transcriptionally but activated by Lrp2. During postnatal development, SREBP2 protein expression in the RPE decreases whereas that of Lrp2 and Bmp2 increases as the eye growth rate reduces. Bmp2 is the key determinant of eye size such that its level in mouse RPE inversely correlates with eye size. Notably, RPE-specific Bmp2 overexpression by adeno-associated virus effectively prevents the phenotypes caused by Lrp2 knock out. Together, our study shows that rapid postnatal eye size increase is governed by an RPE-derived signaling pathway, which consists of both positive and negative regulators of eye growth.
FGF8–FGFR1 signaling regulates human GnRH neuron differentiation in a time- and dose-dependent manner
Authors: Yellapragada Venkatram , Eskici Nazli , Wang Yafei , Madhusudan Shrinidhi , Vaaralahti Kirsi , Tuuri Timo , Raivio Taneli 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), acting through the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), has an important role in the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons (GnRH neurons). We hypothesized that FGF8 regulates differentiation of human GnRH neurons in a time- and dose-dependent manner via FGFR1. To investigate this further, human pluripotent stem cells were differentiated during 10 days of dual-SMAD inhibition into neural progenitor cells, followed either by treatment with FGF8 at different concentrations (25 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml) for 10 days or by treatment with 100 ng/ml FGF8 for different durations (2, 4, 6 or 10 days); cells were then matured through DAPT-induced inhibition of Notch signaling for 5 days into GnRH neurons. FGF8 induced expression of GNRH1 in a dose-dependent fashion and the duration of FGF8 exposure correlated positively with gene expression of GNRH1 (P&lt;0.05, Rs=0.49). However, cells treated with 100 ng/ml FGF8 for 2 days induced the expression of genes, such as FOXG1, ETV5 and SPRY2, and continued FGF8 treatment induced the dynamic expression of several other genes. Moreover, during exposure to FGF8, FGFR1 localized to the cell surface and its specific inhibition with the FGFR1 inhibitor PD166866 reduced expression of GNRH1 (P&lt;0.05). In neurons, FGFR1 also localized to the nucleus. Our results suggest that dose- and time-dependent FGF8 signaling via FGFR1 is indispensable for human GnRH neuron ontogeny.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic assemblies and interactomes of the mammalian CTLH E3 ligase complex
Authors: Onea Gabriel , Maitland Matthew E. R. , Wang Xu , Lajoie Gilles A. , Schild-Poulter Caroline 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex is a newly discovered multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase and its cellular functions are poorly characterized. Although some CTLH subunits have been found to localize in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells, differences between the compartment-specific complexes have not been explored. Here, we show that the CTLH complex forms different molecular mass complexes in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Loss of WDR26 severely decreased nuclear CTLH complex subunit levels and impaired higher-order CTLH complex formation, revealing WDR26 as a critical determinant of the nuclear stability of the CTLH complex. Through affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry of endogenous RanBPM (also called RANBP9), a CTLH complex member, from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, we identified over 170 compartment-specific interactors involved in various conserved biological processes, such as ribonucleoprotein biogenesis and chromatin assembly. We validated the nuclear-specific RanBPM interaction with macroH2A1 and the cytoplasm-specific interaction with tankyrase-1/2 (encoded by TNKS and TNKS2). Overall, this study provides critical insights into CTLH complex function and composition in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Operando Ce K-edge XANES Study of Low-loading Ni/CeO2 in Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Miyazaki Shinta , Li Zirui , Maeno Zen , Toyao Takashi , Ito Masahiro , Nakajima Yasushi , Shimizu Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, operando Ce K-edge XANES measurements of CeO2-supported Ni (Ni/CeO2) catalysts for chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CLDRM) were performed. Low-loading Ni/CeO2 was effective for selectively promoting the partial oxidation of CH4 and suppressing coke deposition. Operando XANES measurements confirmed the redox state of Ce oxide in CLDRM and revealed that the reoxidation of reduced Ce oxide during CO2 reduction was faster than the reduction of Ce oxide during CH4 oxidation.
Performance comparison of quantitative metrics for analysis of in vivo Cherenkov imaging incident detection during radiotherapy
Authors: Decker Savannah M , Alexander Daniel A , Bruza Petr , Zhang Rongxiao , Chen Erli , Jarvis Lesley A , Gladstone David J , Pogue Brian W 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Examine the responses of multiple image similarity metrics to detect patient positioning errors in radiotherapy observed through Cherenkov imaging, which may be used to optimize automated incident detection. Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom mimicking patient vasculature, a biological marker seen in Cherenkov images, was simulated for a breast radiotherapy treatment. The phantom was systematically shifted in each translational direction, and Cherenkov images were captured during treatment delivery at each step. The responses of mutual information (MI) and the γ passing rate (%GP) were compared to that of existing field-shape matching image metrics, the Dice coefficient, and mean distance to conformity (MDC). Patient images containing other incidents were analyzed to verify the best detection algorithm for different incident types. Results: Positional shifts in all directions were registered by both MI and %GP, degrading monotonically as the shifts increased. Shifts in intensity, which may result from erythema or bolus-tissue air gaps, were detected most by %GP. However, neither metric detected beam-shape misalignment, such as that caused by dose to unintended areas, as well as currently employed metrics (Dice and MDC). Conclusions: This study indicates that different radiotherapy incidents may be detected by comparing both inter- and intrafractional Cherenkov images with a corresponding image similarity metric, varying with the type of incident. Future work will involve determining appropriate thresholds per metric for automatic flagging. Advances in knowledge: Classifying different algorithms for the detection of various radiotherapy incidents allows for the development of an automatic flagging system, eliminating the burden of manual review of Cherenkov images.
A Difference Subgridding Method for Solving Multiscale Electro-Thermal Problems
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Ruilong , Zhan Aiyun 
Published: July 2022

Because of less memory costs and time consumption, a finite difference subgrid technique can effectively deal with multiscale problems in electromagnetic fields. When used in Maxwell equation, symmetric elements of the matrix are required; otherwise, the algorithm will be unstable. Usually, the electro-thermal problem also contains multiscale structures. However, the coefficient matrix of the heat transfer equation is asymmetric because the parameters of the equation vary with temperature and the Robbin boundary condition is used as well. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) finite difference subgridding method is proposed to simulate the electro-thermal coupling process of the multiscale circuits. The stability condition of the algorithm is deduced with a matrix method. And the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed subgridding approach are verified through square- and n-shaped resistances. Compared with the results of the COMSOL software and the traditional finite difference method (FDM), the proposed subgridding method has less unknowns and faster speed.
Analysis of Nonlinear Characteristics and the Factors Affecting the Operation of the Active Magnetic Bearings Rotor System Considering Alford Force
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Zhou Jin , Han Xiaoming , Ma Yanchao 
Published: July 2022

Based on a test rig supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs), this paper focuses on the study of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and the factors affecting the operation of a rotor system under the coupling of magnetic bearing force and Alford force. In order to solve the nonlinear dynamic response of rotor system, a dynamic equation of the rotor which introduces Alford force and the electromagnetic force of the AMBs controlled by PID is established. By changing the control parameters (kPP and kDD), operation parameters (rotational speed), and structural parameters (clearance between impeller and volute), the equation is solved by using Runge−-Kutta method. The results show that the rotor system exhibits complex nonlinear dynamic characteristics under the coupling action of Alford force and magnetic bearing force. The rotor system appears different dynamic behaviors such as single period, multi multi-period, and quasi quasi-period when changing the control parameters. Among all the control parameters, adjusting kDD is more effective to ensure system stability. The amplitude of rotor increases from 8.2 μμm to 11.9 μμm with the increase of speed from 6000 rpm to 10,000 rpm, while that decreases from 9.6 μμm to 8.2 μμm with the increase of clearance between impeller and volute from 1mm to 4 mm. Therefore, under the influence of Alford force, apart from the control parameters, the operation parameters and structural parameters of magnetic bearings also affect the operation of the rotor system supported by the AMBs.
Guided-mode resonance pressure sensor based on a stretchable low-density polyethylene film
Authors: Kuo Wen-Kai , Lin Jing-Xuan , Tongpakpanang Jaturon , Liu Day-Shan 
Published: July 2022

In this study, we demonstrate a method to fabricate a guided-mode resonance (GMR) device on a flexible and transparent low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film and present the measurement results of this device as a pressure sensor. A simple thermal-nanoimprinting process was used to fabricate a grating structure on the LDPE film substrate. This very flexible film was attached to a glass plate using an adhesive and sacrificial layer for coating high-refractive-index titanic oxide on the grating surface to form the GMR device. The LDPE-GMR device was equipped with a gas chamber to act as a pressure sensor. When the pressure inside the chamber was increased, the grating period of the GMR sensor also increased, resulting in a shift in the resonance angle of the GMR device. Owing to the higher flexibility of the LDPE film, a better pressure detection sensitivity and resolution can be obtained. Using the transmitted-intensity detection approach, we show that the transmitted laser power changes proportionally with the pressure increase. The experimental results showed that the LDPE-GMR pressure sensor could achieve a sensitivity of 8.27 µW/mbar and a limit of detection of 0.012 mbar at a power meter noise of 0.1 µW.
Design of binocular stereo vision optical system based on a single lens and a single sensor
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qu Zheng , Zhong Xing , Chen Qingrong , Zhang Xi 
Published: July 2022

To reduce the number of detectors used in conventional binocular stereo cameras, while improving the measurement accuracy and compactness of the system, this paper proposes a design method for a binocular stereo vision optical system based on a single lens and a single sensor. First, based on the design principle of the traditional binocular optical system, to the best of our knowledge, a novel method of designing a framing lens array at the optical stop of the optical system is proposed to image two images on one detector simultaneously. Second, we propose a dual-frame lens array design method at the aperture stop position of the optical system that can image two images on one detector simultaneously. Then, the design principle of the method is analyzed theoretically, as well as a detailed analysis of the imaging position layout and the stray light elimination method of the dual-channel optical system. Finally, a single-lens binocular optical system with a focal length of 20 mm and a full field of view of 30° is designed using the method in this paper, and the analysis results demonstrate that the system has the advantages of good imaging quality and compact construction and provides a design idea for the design of a binocular stereo vision optical system.