bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical resection of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm in the biliary system: a report of two cases
Authors: Tamaki Ayano , Tani Yuma , Sato Hiroki , Yoshida Ryuichi , Yasui Kazuya , Horiguchi Shigeru , Kuise Takashi , Umeda Yuzo , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Fuji Tomokazu , Kumano Kenjiro , Takagi Kosei , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MINEN) is a rare disease and there is scarce literature on its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We encountered two unusual cases of MINEN in the biliary tract, one in the ampulla of Vater and the other in the distal bile duct. In this report, we describe the clinical course of these two cases in detail.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 69-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of epigastric pain. When endoscopic sphincterotomy and retrograde biliary drainage were performed for gallstone pancreatitis, an ulcerated lesion was found in the ampulla of the Vater. Based on the biopsy results, the lesion was diagnosed as the ampulla of Vater carcinoma and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD) was performed. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, consistent with the diagnosis of MINEN. In addition, lymph node metastasis was found on the dorsal side of the pancreas and the metastatic component was adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was administered for 6 months, and presently the patient is alive without recurrence 64 months after surgery. Case 2: A 79-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of anorexia. Cholangiography showed severe stenosis of the distal bile duct. A biopsy was conducted from the stenotic lesion and it revealed the lesion to be adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of distal bile duct carcinoma was made, and SSPPD was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, and the tumor was confirmed as MINEN of the distal bile duct. No adjuvant chemotherapy was administered due to the poor performance status. 7 months later, the patient was found to have a liver metastasis.

Conclusion
We experienced two valuable cases of biliary MINEN. To identify better treatments, it is important to consider the diversity of individual cases and to continue sharing a variety of cases with different presentations.
Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in a Jehovah’s Witness patient: strategies for minimizing blood loss and maximizing safety
Authors: O’Connor Michaela K. , Emanuelli Elisa , Garg Ravi K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Watch Tower Society, the main governing organization of the Jehovah’s Witness (JW) faith, introduced the doctrine to refuse blood in 1945 and has been enforcing it since 1961. A member can be expelled for accepting prohibited blood components. Many reconstructive surgeries place patients at an increased risk for blood loss. There have been attempts at reducing the rate of transfusions in craniofacial surgery, even in patients not opposed to it.

Presentation
A 15-year-old female patient, who refused blood transfusion due to her faith, presented with a class III malocclusion, transverse maxillary constriction, and a lateral open bite. Surgery was deferred until the patient reached 18 years of age and had undergone preoperative orthodontics. A two-piece Le Fort I osteotomy was performed. Erythropoietin, oral iron, and tranexamic acid were used to minimize intraoperative blood loss.

Conclusion
Here we discuss preoperative and intraoperative management strategies to ensure a transfusion-free environment for patients with religious objections to blood transfusions undergoing operations with increased bleeding risk.
Central nervous system regeneration: the roles of glial cells in the potential molecular mechanism underlying remyelination
Authors: Quan Lili , Uyeda Akiko , Muramatsu Rieko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlial cells play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) injuries and diseases. However, the roles of these cells and the molecular mechanisms toward regeneration in the CNS have not been fully understood, especially the capacity of them toward demyelinating diseases. Therefore, there are still very limited therapeutic strategies to restore the function of adult CNS in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination, a spontaneous regeneration process in the CNS, requires the involvement of multiple cellular and extracellular components. Promoting remyelination by therapeutic interventions is a promising novel approach to restore the CNS function. Herein, we review the role of glial cells in CNS diseases and injuries. Particularly, we discuss the roles of glia and their functional interactions and regulatory mechanisms in remyelination, as well as the current therapeutic strategies for MS.
Building organizational readiness: initial field testing of an expert-informed typology of implementation strategies
Authors: Vax Sigal , Farkas Marianne , Mueser Kim T. , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Russinova Zlatka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Organizational readiness is a known barrier to implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in community mental health services. A robust methodology for enhancing organizational readiness for implementation (ORI) has the potential to improve implementation outcomes of EBPs and ensure better services for people with a psychiatric disability. Prior work established a framework of implementation strategies targeting ORI enhancement by asking a group of implementation experts from various fields to categorize strategies from the “Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change” (ERIC) Project into three readiness stages, consistent with the pre-action stages of the Transtheoretical Model of behavioral change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, and Preparation. The current study provides initial confirmation and refinement to this expert-driven typology based on community mental health field experiences.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in a recent EBP implementation project. Participants included staff (n=9) from four community mental health agencies and the implementation team who facilitated the project (n=3). Their pre-implementation experiences were compared with the experts’ typology to identify consistencies and discrepancies.

Results
The participants’ experiences were congruent with two thirds of the strategies identified by the experts for specific ORI stages. The refinements included 12 strategies used in additional stages beyond the experts’ classification, four strategies from the ERIC list that were not included in the ORI typology, and five new strategies.

Conclusions
This study provides initial confirmation and refinements to the previously published ORI typology. The results offer guidance as to how ORI could be enhanced in the community mental health field.
The impact of conservative soft orthotic intervention with strapping on thoracic kyphotic posture and spinal mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized control trial
Authors: El-Kafy Ehab Mohamed Abd , El-Shamy Shamekh Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study mainly aimed to evaluate the influences of Thera Togs orthotic undergarment with its strapping system on dorsal kyphotic posture and spinal mobility in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The study also investigated the impact of the modulation of thoracic kyphosis on balance and risk of falls in these children.

Study design
This study was a randomized control trial.

Participants
Forty children with diplegic cerebral palsy, aged from 8 to 10 years were met the inclusion criteria and participated in this study. Only 38 children completed the study.

Methods
The children in the control group received 2 h of conventional exercise protocol aiming for modulating thoracic kyphotic posture. The treatment program was conducted 3 times/week, for 12 successive weeks. Children in the study group wore TheraTogs orthoses with the strapping system for 8 h every day in combination with the conventional exercise program.

Outcome measures
For both groups, the primary outcome measures (thoracic kyphotic angle, and thoracic flexion and extension range of motion), and the secondary outcomes (the overall stability index of fall risk test, and the pediatric balance scale score) were recorded at baseline and after completion of the treatment. T test was used to compare the changes within-and between-groups in all measured variables, at baseline and immediately after 12 weeks of treatment.

Results
Children in the study group showed significant improvements in the scores of all primary and secondary measures post-treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Conservative treatment composed of TheraTogs orthotic system with conventional exercise treatment is effective in modulating thoracic kyphosis and improving dorsal range of motion in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. This improvement has a positive influence on postural balance performance and reduces the risk of fall in these children.

Trial registration
The ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT05063175). 30 September 2021—retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05063175
Cannulated screw fixation for Garden I and II intracapsular hip fractures
Authors: Boktor Joseph , Badurudeen Abdul , Rijab Agha Manhal , Lewis Peter M. , Roberts Gareth , Hills Robert , Johansen Anthony , White Simon 
Published: March 2022

Aims In UK there are around 76,000 hip fractures occur each year 10% to 15% of which are undisplaced intracapsular. There is considerable debate whether internal fixation is the most appropriate treatment for undisplaced fractures in older patients. This study describes cannulated hip screws survivorship analysis for patients aged ≥ 60 years with undisplaced intra-capsular fractures. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients aged ≥ 60 years who had cannulated screws fixation for Garden I and II fractures in a teaching hospital between March 2013 and March 2016. The primary outcome was further same-side hip surgery. Descriptive statistics were used and Kaplan-Meier estimates calculated for implant survival. Results A total of 114 operations were performed on 112 patients with a mean age of 80.2 years (SD 8.9). The 30-day and one-year mortality were 1% (n = 1) and 13% (n = 15), respectively. Median follow-up was 6.6 years (interquartile range 6.0 to 7.3). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a survivorship of 95% at one year and 90% at five years (95% confidence interval 84% to 95%) for cannulated screws. Nine patients underwent further hip surgery: four revision to total hip arthroplasty, one revision to hemiarthroplasty, three removals of screws, and one haematoma washout. Posterior tilt was assessable in 106 patients; subsequent surgery was required in two of the six patients identified with a posterior angle > 20° (p = 0.035 vs angle < 20°). Of the 100 patients with angle < 20°, five-year survivorship was 91%, with seven patients requiring further surgery. Conclusion This study of cannulated hip screw fixation for undisplaced fractures in patients aged ≥ 60 years reveals a construct survivorship without further operation of 90% at five years. Cannulated screws can be considered a safe reliable treatment option for Garden I and II fractures. Caution should be taken if posterior tilt angle on lateral view exceeds 20°, due to a higher failure rate and reoperation, and considered for similar management to Garden III and IV injuries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):182–188.
Interferometric technique with a reference scale
Authors: Postnikov A. V. 
Published: March 2022

A double interferometer technique is presented. One interferometer generates a reference scale, while the other one is used as a measuring tool. The presented apparatus makes it possible to overcome

2
π

ambiguity by monitoring the phase difference at short time or space intervals. The phase unwrapping procedure is very simple due to a homodyne reference scale time interval method. The accuracy of the method is of 1 nm. The drift of the laser power and unequal gain of the photodetectors do not affect the system performance. The precision of the technique can be improved significantly by using a high-resolution time interval analyzer. The application of the method for determining the profile of a curved surface is demonstrated.
Soliton mode-locked Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 laser
Authors: Zeng Huang-Jun , Lin Zhang-Lang , Xue Wen-Ze , Zhang Ge , Chen Yujin , Pan Zhongben , Petrov Valentin , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Zhao Yongguang , Lin Haifeng , Wang Li , Chen Weidong 
Published: March 2022

We report on a soliton mode-locked Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 laser at ∼1.06 µm stabilized by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. Pumping with a single-transverse mode, fiber-coupled laser diode at 976 nm, the Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 laser delivers soliton pulses as short as 39 fs at a central wavelength of 1059.2 nm with an average output power of 70 mW and a pulse repetition rate of ∼67.3 MHz.
Ethische KI? Datenbasierte Systeme (DS) mit Ethik
Authors: Kirchschläger Peter G. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext digitaler Transformation und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) ergeben sich neue ethische Fragen. Grundsätzlich kommen zunächst Zweifel auf, ob der Begriff „künstliche Intelligenz“ adäquat ist dafür, worum es sich bei KI handelt, oder ob nicht der Begriff „datenbasierte Systeme (DS)“ präziser zu bezeichnen vermag, was Maschinen eigentlich leisten können und was technisch machbar ist. Darüber hinaus wäre die Möglichkeit zu prüfen, ob Menschen ethische Fragen und Probleme an Maschinen delegieren könnten. Schliesslich stellt sich auf der Basis der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Fragen die Herausforderung, angesichts der Komplexität von Ethik, die ethischen Potenziale von DS entsprechend einzuordnen und zu verstehen, und damit verbunden die Verantwortung von Menschen für das Design, die Entwicklung, die Nutzung von „human rights based DS“ (HRBDS) (menschenrechtsbasierten DS) bzw. für den ethisch begründeten Verzicht von menschenrechtsverletzenden und/oder umweltzerstörenden, nicht nachhaltigen DS zu bestimmen.
Wertbasiertes Design von Entscheidungsunterstützungssystemen
Authors: Lüthi Nick , Matt Christian , Myrach Thomas 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch fortgeschrittenere Algorithmen in Entscheidungsunterstützungssystemen (DSS) bieten sich Unternehmen neue Möglichkeiten, um kognitive Belastungen bei Entscheidungsprozessen zu senken und bessere Ergebnisse zu erreichen. Allerdings mahnen Stimmen aus Forschung und Praxis vor damit einhergehenden Gefahren. Im Raum stehen etwa die systematische Fehlbeurteilung bestimmter Personengruppen, fehlerhafte Einschätzungen von (unternehmerischen) Risiken sowie unklare Verantwortlichkeiten im Falle personeller oder materieller Schäden. Der besseren Berücksichtigung von Werten wird diesbezüglich zunehmend Beachtung geschenkt, denn Algorithmen und die darauf aufbauenden DSS sind keine neutralen Artefakte; sie werden durch aus dem Entstehungsprozess hervorgehenden Wertvorstellungen und Wertannahmen geprägt. Das sogenannte Value Sensitive Design (VSD) wird genutzt, um dieser „Wertgeladenheit“ Rechnung zu tragen, indem Wertetabellen erhoben werden, die Nutzern und Entwicklern in Bezug auf ein DSS als wichtig erscheinen. Fernab konzeptioneller Überlegungen mangelt es aktuell allerdings noch an konkreten praktischen Operationalisierungen solcher Werttabellen. Am Beispiel der algorithmenbasierten Gefahrenerkennung beim Predictive Policing zeigen wir auf, wie sich eine Wertetabelle beim Design eines DSS konkretisieren lässt und welche Schwierigkeiten dabei auftreten können. Das vorgeschlagene dreistufige Operationalisierungsverfahren bietet Praktikern klare Richtlinien, um die Wertgeladenheit und dadurch hervorgehende Problematiken bereits bei der Entwicklung von DSS zu berücksichtigen.
Exposure to oil pollution and maternal outcomes: The Niger Delta prospective cohort study
Authors: Oghenetega Onome B. , Okunlola Michael A. , Ana Godson R. E. E. , Morhason-Bello Oludare , Ojengbede Oladosu A. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Maternal exposure to oil pollution is an important public health concern. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effects of maternal exposure to oil pollution on maternal outcomes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to determine the effect of maternal exposure to oil pollution on maternal outcomes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Methods
Prospective cohort study design involving 1720 pregnant women followed from pregnancy to delivery was conducted. The participants were 18–45 years old at a gestational age of less than 17 weeks, who attended randomly selected health facilities in the areas with high exposure and low exposure to oil pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of medical records from April 2018 to April 2019. Multivariate log-binomial model was used to examine the effect of maternal exposure to oil pollution on the risk of adverse maternal outcomes adjusting for sociodemographic, maternal and lifestyle characteristics.

Results
A total of 1418 women completed the follow-up and were included in the analysis. Women in high exposure areas had a higher incidence of premature rupture of membrane (PROM), caesarean section (CS) and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) compared to women in areas with low exposure to oil pollution. After adjusting for cofounders, women in high exposure areas also had a higher risk of PROM (ARR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.24–3.10) and PPH (ARR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.28–3.36) in Model I–III when compared to women in areas with low exposure to oil pollution. However, pregnancy-induced hypertension and CS had no association with maternal exposure area status to oil pollution.

Conclusion
Women in high exposure areas are at a higher risk of PROM and PPH. This calls for policies and intervention toward reducing maternal exposure to oil pollution in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers in healthcare personnel
Authors: Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena , Rivera-Salinas Diego , Hernández-Ruíz Yodira Guadalupe , Armendariz-Vázquez Ana Gabriela , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Barco-Flores Irene Antonieta , González-Facio Rosalinda , Montelongo-Cruz Laura Patricia , Del Rio-Parra Gerardo Francisco , Garza-Herrera Mauricio René , Leal-Meléndez Jessica Andrea , Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2022

Background
Vaccination is our main strategy to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the decrease in quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers three months after the second BNT162b2 dose, healthcare workers received a third booster six months after completing the original protocol. This study aimed to analyze the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers and the safety of the third dose.

Material and methods
A prospective longitudinal cohort study included healthcare workers who received a third booster six months after completing the BNT162b2 regimen. We assessed the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers 21–28 days after the first and second dose, three months after the completed protocol, 1–7 days following the third dose, and 21–28 days after booster administration.

Results
The cohort comprised 168 participants aged 41(10) years old, 67% of whom were female. The third dose was associated with an increase in quantitative antibody titers, regardless of previous SARS-CoV-2 history. In cases with a negative SARS-CoV-2 history, the median (IQR) antibody titer values increased from 379 (645.4) to 2960 (2010) AU/ml, whereas in cases with a positive SARS-CoV-2 history, from 590 (1262) to 3090 (2080) AU/ml (p<0.001). The third dose caused a lower number of total (local and systemic) adverse events following immunization (AEFI) compared with the first two vaccines. However, in terms of specific symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, and adenopathy, the proportion was higher in comparison with the first and second doses (p<0.05). The most common AEFI after the third BNT162b2 vaccine was pain at the injection site (n = 82, 84.5%), followed by fatigue (n = 45, 46.4%) of mild severity (n = 36, 37.1%).

Conclusion
The third dose applied six months after the original BNT162b2 regimen increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers. The booster dose was well tolerated and caused no severe AEFI.
Composition of early life leukocyte populations in preterm infants with and without late-onset sepsis
Authors: Hibbert Julie , Strunk Tobias , Nathan Elizabeth , Prosser Amy , Doherty Dorota , Simmer Karen , Richmond Peter , Burgner David , Currie Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Background
Composition of leukocyte populations in the first month of life remains incompletely characterised, particularly in preterm infants who go on to develop late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Aim
To characterise and compare leukocyte populations in preterm infants with and without LOS during the first month of life.

Study design
Single-centre prospective observational cohort study.

Participants
Infants born <30 weeks gestational age (GA).

Outcome measures
Peripheral blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of life. Leukocyte populations were characterised using 5-fluorophore-6-marker flow cytometry. Absolute leukocyte counts and frequency of total CD45+ leukocytes of each population were adjusted for GA, birth weight z-scores, sex and total leukocyte count.

Results
Of 119 preterm infants enrolled, 43 (36%) had confirmed or clinical LOS, with a median onset at 13 days (range 6–26). Compared to infants without LOS, the adjusted counts and frequency of neutrophils, basophils and non-cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generally lower and immature granulocytes were higher over the first month of life in infants who developed LOS. Specific time point comparisons identified lower adjusted neutrophil counts on the first day of life in those infants who developed LOS more than a week later, compared to those without LOS, albeit levels were within the normal age-adjusted range. Non-cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts and/or frequencies were lower in infants following LOS on days 21 and 28 when compared to those who did not develop LOS.

Conclusion
Changes in non-cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurred following LOS suggesting sepsis-induced immune suppression.