bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Disability and Deafness in Hong Kong – Perspectives on Hong Kong Deaf Community
Authors: Leppänen Jan‐Eerik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This sociological article deals with the diversity of Deaf social reality in Hong Kong. The functions of disability associations, educational institutes and government service providers that can influence the socio‐cultural politics of deaf people to vary and serve as different platforms for social participation. An emblem of the Deaf community, sign language, differs in its acknowledgement in divergent everyday settings of deaf populations. This article tackles the following broad topics: Firstly, how the concept ‘deafness’ is understood – what are the examples from different approaches; secondly, what are different arenas for the Hong Kong Deaf community's participation can; and thirdly, what contemporary examples can illustrate the Deaf population and sign language in Hong Kong? The scope of the article is within Hong Kong. However, some policy level reference draws to Mainland China and global developments on the Deaf community, culture and identity.

Key Concepts

Deaf Community is a cultural and linguistic minority, where sign language is the primary language of communities including family members of a deaf person.

Hong Kong Sign Language is a natural sign language variety used within Hong Kong (SAR) region and distinguished as a self‐standing language from other varieties used in Mainland China.

The use of physical gestures to signify the grammar of a specific sign language or the textual expression of that language.

A set of values and shared institutions that are influenced by deafness, where sign language is the primary method of communication.

The approach to view deafness, where the focus is on a technical approach to deafness and oral teaching instead of sign language.

The approach to view deafness, where the focus is on sign language, histories and experiential aspects within the Deaf community.

The Asian SignBank is an online sign language database designed for the research and functional use of sign language, interpretation and teaching.

Education of students with diverse degrees of hearing loss or deafness. In Inclusive Deaf Education, students from different backgrounds learn from each other, side by side.
Continuous inbreeding affects genetic variation, phenology, and reproductive strategy in ex situ cultivated Digitalis lutea
Authors: Sandner Tobias M. , Gemeinholzer Birgit , Lemmer Julia , Matthies Diethart , Ensslin Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseEx situ cultivation is important for plant conservation, but cultivation in small populations may result in genetic changes by drift, inbreeding, or unconscious selection. Repeated inbreeding potentially influences not only plant fitness, but also floral traits and interactions with pollinators, which has not yet been studied in an ex situ context.MethodsWe studied the molecular genetic variation of Digitalis lutea from a botanic garden population cultivated for 30 years, a frozen seed bank conserving the original genetic structure, and two current wild populations including the source population. In a common garden, we studied the effects of experimental inbreeding and between‐population crosses on performance, reproductive traits, and flower visitation of plants from the garden and a wild population.ResultsSignificant genetic differentiation was found between the garden population and the wild population from which the seeds had originally been gathered. After experimental selfing, inbreeding depression was only found for germination and leaf size of plants from the wild population, indicating a history of inbreeding in the smaller garden population. Moreover, garden plants flowered earlier and had floral traits related to selfing, whereas wild plants had traits related to attracting pollinators. Bumblebees visited more flowers of outbred than inbred plants and of wild than garden plants.ConclusionsOur case study suggests that high levels of inbreeding during ex situ cultivation can influence reproductive traits and thus interactions with pollinators. Together with the effects of genetic erosion and unconscious selection, these changes may affect the success of reintroductions into natural habitats.
Precocious puberty and anal stenosis in an African patient with Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
Authors: Lorenzo Cristina , Travessa André M. , Ferreira Ana Cristóvão , Modamio‐Høybjør Silvia , Heath Karen E. , Pereira Carla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a rash that progresses to poikiloderma. Other common features include sparse hair, eyelashes and eyebrows, short stature, variable skeletal abnormalities, dental defects, cataracts, hypogonadism, and an increased risk for cancer, especially osteosarcoma and skin cancer. RTS is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in ANAPC1 (Type 1 RTS) or RECQL4 (Type 2 RTS). We present an African girl with Type 2 RTS caused by a nonsense variant and an intronic variant in RECQL4. The patient presented precocious puberty, which has not been previously reported in RTS and that was treated with a GnRH analog, and anal stenosis, which has only been reported once. This case highlights the need to consider deep intronic variants in patients with RTS when pathogenic variants in the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries are not identified and expands the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder.
A Small Organic Molecular Catalyst with Efficient Electron Accumulation for Near‐unity CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Yang , Fang Youting , Fu Yukang , Chen Longxin , Chao Duobin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular catalysis is of great interest to CO2 photoreduction. Various transition metal complexes have been developed as efficient molecular catalysts. However, it remains a challenge to catalyze CO2 reduction by a small organic molecular photocatalyst, as the accumulation of multiple electrons in a small organic molecule is normally difficult for CO2 reduction. We report herein a small organic molecular catalyst can be used for selective reduction of CO2 to CO under visible light irradiation. The turnover number (TON) of CO formation is found to be 400±26 with near 100% selectivity in DMF/H2O medium. UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and spectroelectrochemical studies demonstrate that the organic molecular catalyst is capable of accumulating electrons through a 2e− reduced product which shows good stability and is responsible for interacting with CO2. These findings elucidate an accessible way to develop purely organic molecular catalysts for CO2 reduction by strengthening the electron accumulation.
Interagency discrepancies in tropical cyclone intensity estimates over the western North Pacific in recent years
Authors: Bai Lina , Xu Yinglong , Tang Jie , Guo Rong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates interagency discrepancies among best‐track estimates of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in the western North Pacific, provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), and the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo during 2013 to 2019. The results reveal evident differences in maximum wind speed (MSW) estimates, where linear systematic differences are significant. However, the Dvorak parameter (CI) numbers derived from the MSWs reported by the three agencies are internally consistent. Further analysis suggests that the remained CI discrepancies are related to differences in the estimation of intensity trends, initial intensities, and TC positions among these datasets. In addition, the CI estimates provided by the JTWC for TCs over the open ocean are generally higher than those reported by the CMA and RSMC. However, the estimates from CMA and RSMC tend to give higher TC intensities for the TCs in the mainland and coastal areas of China and Japan, respectively, than those over the open ocean with the same intensity in JTWC dataset. This pattern potentially reflects the extensive use of surface observations by these two agencies for landfalling and offshore TCs. These results may help the research community to get more accurate details about the TCs in WNP from the best track datasets of different agencies.
Brücke Hohenpolding – Beeinflussung der Betonspannungen durch vorgegebene Bauzustände
Authors: Niederwald Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDer Ersatzneubau der Brücke K‐ED 31, die die Gemeindeverbindungsstraße ED 31 bei Hohenpolding über die Bundesstraße 15 überführt, stellte aufgrund der örtlichen Randbedingungen und der Entwurfsvorgaben besondere Anforderungen an die Entwurfsplanung. Die nur in begrenztem Maß zur Verfügung stehende Querschnittshöhe machte einen außergewöhnlich schlanken Überbau erforderlich, bei dem die Dekompression im Endzustand durch einen hohen Vorspanngrad alleine nicht sichergestellt werden konnte. Durch die Anordnung von Hilfsunterstützungen für den Bauzustand und durch das Einprägen von äußeren Kräften konnten die Beanspruchungszustände derart beeinflusst werden, dass der Dekompressionsnachweis erfolgreich geführt werden konnte. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Besonderheiten des Bauwerksentwurfs und der Bauausführung der Spannbetonrahmenbrücke.
Comparison of lithium‐ion battery cell technologies applied in the regenerative braking system
Authors: Nazir Mian Hammad , Rahil Abdulla , Partenie Eduard , Bowkett Mark , Khan Zulfiqar A. , Hussain Muhammad M. , Zaidi Syed Zohaib J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis research presents the performance evaluation of four various types of top‐of‐the‐line commercial and prototype lithium‐ion energy storage technologies with an objective to find out the optimal cell technology, which is suitable for the development of high power battery packs for regenerative braking systems applied in next‐generation demonstrator platform vehicles. The novel porotype lithium‐ion cell technology is developed using linear combined nanofibers and microfibers battery separators laden utilizing wet nonwoven processes compared to the dry process laden multilayered porous film separators in commercial cell technologies. The performance comparison of all technologies has been conducted both at “cell‐level” and “pack level” through the study of internal performance parameters, such as capacity, resistance, self‐discharge, and battery temperature rise. This study also encompasses the differences in using external pack assembly and/or development parameters like the number of cells which are required to develop the pack, pack mass, pack volume, and pack cost. Both the internal performance parameters and external pack assembly and development parameters have revealed that novel prototype cell technology is the most optimal technology among all four cell technologies for regenerative braking systems, which have been investigated during this research. The novelty of this work is the development of novel prototype cell technology and its performance comparison with commercially available cell technologies used in regenerative braking systems of the latest hybrid/electric vehicles, which is in line with global initiatives, such as UK/EU transition to EVs and UN sustainability goals. The significance of this work in terms of high power pack development for regenerative braking of next‐generation vehicles is evident from various industrial applications. This work will influence decisions for both battery testing techniques and accurate battery comparison methods for automotive, locomotive, aerospace, battery manufacturers, and wind turbine industries.
Li intercalation in an MoSe2 electrocatalyst: In situ observation and modulation of its precisely controllable phase engineering for a high‐performance flexible Li‐S battery
Authors: Wang Yunke , Zhao Yige , Liu Kangli , Wang Shaobin , Li Neng , Shao Guosheng , Wang Feng , Zhang Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSophisticated efficient electrocatalysts are essential to rectifying the shuttle effect and realizing the high performance of flexible lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). Phase transformation of MoSe2 from the 2H phase to the 1T phase has been proven to be a significant method to improve the catalytic activity. However, precisely controllable phase engineering of MoSe2 has rarely been reported. Herein, by in situ Li ions intercalation in MoSe2, a precisely controllable phase evolution from 2H‐MoSe2 to 1T‐MoSe2 was realized. More importantly, the definite functional relationship between cut‐off voltage and phase structure was first identified for phase engineering through in situ observation and modulation methods. The sulfur host (CNFs/1T‐MoSe2) presents high charge density, strong polysulfides adsorption, and catalytic kinetics. Moreover, Li‐S cells based on it display capacity retention of 875.3 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C and an areal capacity of 8.71 mAh cm−2 even at a high sulfur loading of 8.47 mg cm−2. Furthermore, the flexible pouch cell exhibiting decent performance will endow a promising potential in the wearable energy storage field. This study proposes an effective strategy to precisely control the phase structure of MoSe2, which may provide the reference to fabricate the highly efficient electrocatalysts for LSBs and other energy systems.
WinDRAM: Weak rows as in‐DRAM cache
Authors: Kumar Sudershan , Sinha Prabuddha , Das Shirshendu 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe primary factor responsible for increasing the refresh rate is the presence of weak rows in a DRAM. They have a shorter retention time and lose charge faster than regular rows. Recently, a technique known as in‐DRAM cache was introduced in which some DRAM rows act as a separate module. The in‐DRAM cache can be used for a variety of purposes in DRAM. We present WinDRAM, an in‐DRAM cache comprised of all the DRAM's weak rows. The most recently accessed rows are copied into the in‐DRAM cache so that when the row is accessed again, both rows (original and copy) can be activated at the same time. Such simultaneous activation reduces activation time and, as a result, DRAM access latency. Dual‐row activation is the term for this concept. Because weak rows are part of the in‐DRAM cache and are frequently accessed, WinDRAM does not perform a periodic refresh on them. Existing techniques based on in‐DRAM cache do not design the in‐DRAM cache using weak rows. WinDRAM proposes a novel idea by designing the in‐DRAM cache using weak rows. Because the weak rows do not need to be refreshed, the refresh interval of the remaining rows can be increased, resulting in a refresh rate reduction of 80% to 90%. The speedup is 15% to 25% faster than standard DRAM and 12.77% faster than previous work for high memory‐intensive workloads. Overall energy consumption is also reduced by 10% to 15%.
Utility of anthesis–silking interval information to predict grain yield under water and nitrogen limited conditions
Authors: Lima Dayane Cristina , de Leon Natalia , Kaeppler Shawn M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDelayed silking relative to pollen shed, measured as the anthesis–silking interval (ASI, the period between pollen shed and silking), is a good indicator of response to abiotic stresses in maize (Zea mays L.). This research was conducted to investigate how ASI is affected by nitrogen (N) and water availability and to assess the utility of ASI to indirectly predict grain yield (GY) under contrasting water and N treatments. Two experiments were conducted in Hancock, WI, in 2018 and 2019. One experiment (Diverse hybrids) included 302 hybrids resulting from the cross of diverse inbred lines by a single tester evaluated at four different treatment levels resulting from combining nonlimited and low N with nonlimited and low water treatments. The second experiment (NSS FAC) included a set of 408 hybrids derived from the cross of biparental doubled‐haploid lines from 13 factorial populations and evaluated under nonlimited and low N treatments. Anthesis and silk time in growing degree days, and GY (Mg ha−1) were measured. Genomic prediction was assessed using a genomic best linear unbiased prediction model, and predictive ability was calculated as the correlation between genomic predictions and adjusted means in the different treatments. Predictive ability ranged from .15 to .49 for NSS FAC and from .06 to .51 for Diverse hybrids across traits and treatments. The ASI was a good indicator of stress and showed higher heritability than GY in the limited treatments for both experiments; however, it did not improve yield predictability.
Comparison of urinary mercapturic acid excretions in users of various tobacco/nicotine products
Authors: Scherer Gerhard , Pluym Nikola , Scherer Max 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrinary mercapturic acids (MAs) are detoxification products for electrophiles occurring in the human body. They are suitable biomarkers of exposure to directly acting electrophilic chemicals or to chemicals which generate the electrophile during its metabolism. We determined the urinary excretion of 19 MAs in habitual users of combustible cigarettes (CCs), electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products (HTPs), oral tobacco (OT), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, and nonusers (NUs) of any tobacco/nicotine products. The 19 MAs are assumed to be physiologically formed primarily from 15 toxicants with three of them belonging to IARC Group 1 (human carcinogen), seven to Group 2A (probable human carcinogen), four to Group 2B (possible human carcinogen), and one to Group 3 (not classifiable as carcinogen). Smoking (CC) was found to be associated with significantly elevated exposure to ethylene oxide (or ethylene), 1,3‐butadiene, benzene, dimethylformamide, acrolein, acrylamide, styrene, propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, crotonaldehyde, and isoprene compared with the other user groups and NU. Users of HTPs revealed slight elevation in the MAs related to acrolein, acrylamide, and crotonaldehyde compared with the other non‐CC groups. Vaping (EC) was not found to be associated with any of the MAs studied. In conclusion, the determination of urinary MAs is a useful tool for assessing the exposure to toxicants (mainly potential carcinogens) in users of various tobacco/nicotine products. Our data also give cause to clarify the role of vaping (EC) in urinary excretion of DHPMA (precursor: glycidol).
Z‐nucleic acids: Uncovering the functions from past to present
Authors: Tang Qiannan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince Z‐nucleic acid was identified in the 1970s, much is still unknown about its biological functions and nature in vivo. Recent studies on adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and Z‐DNA‐binding protein 1 (ZBP1) have highlighted its function in immune responses. Specifically, Z‐RNAs, either endogenous or induced by viral infection, are sensed by ZBP1 and activate necroptosis. Z‐RNAs act as the stimuli that induce innate immune responses through various pathways, including melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MAD5)‐mitochondrial antiviral‐signaling protein (MAVS)‐mediated type I IFN activation and proteinase kinase R (PKR)‐dependent integrated stress response, and their immunostimulatory potential is curtailed by RNA editing conducted by ADAR1. Aberrant immune responses induced by Z‐RNAs are associated with human diseases. They also induce pathogenesis in mice. Unlike Z‐RNAs, the biological functions of Z‐DNAs were barely studied, especially in mammals. Moreover, the origin or sequence preference of Z‐nucleic acids requires further investigation. Such knowledge will expand our understanding of Z‐nucleic acids, including from which genomic loci and under which circumstances they form, and the mechanisms by which they participate in the physiological activities. In this review, we provide insights in Z‐nucleic acid research and highlight the unsolved puzzles.
The weakest links in the crisis of the Spanish Savings Banks
Authors: Ruiz Juan Rafael , Stupariu Patricia , Vilariño Ángel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bail‐out of the Spanish financial system was the largest in the Eurozone. The Spanish savings banks were the main direct recipients of public support between 2010 and 2012 and most of the bail‐out money was transferred to the savings banks after a series of mergers and acquisitions were completed among these entities. This article analyses the evolution of the savings banks in the years of economic growth preceding the crisis and their performance in the early aftermath of the 2007 crash using previously unexplored data from the annual financial statements of the 45 savings banks. We conclude it is possible to observe distinct behaviours among the savings banks during the boom years and we estimate the largest part of the bail‐out money corresponds to losses registered by a small number of savings banks that were already severely impaired before the merger process got under way.
A preponderance of gastrointestinal cancer patients transition into cachexia syndrome
Authors: Gilmore Linda Anne , Olaechea Santiago , Gilmore Brian W. , Gannavarapu Bhavani S. , Alvarez Christian M. , Ahn Chul , Iyengar Puneeth , Infante Rodney E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is frequently documented by self‐reported, single time‐point weight histories. This approach lacks the granularity needed to fully elucidate the progression of cachexia syndrome. This study aimed to longitudinally assess body weight changes pre‐ and post‐cancer diagnosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients.MethodsBody weights and relevant clinical data recorded in the electronic health record 12 months pre‐ and post‐GI cancer (colorectal, gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic) diagnosis were extracted. Weight loss was categorized by the International Consensus Definition for cachexia.ResultsA total of 879 patients were included in the final cohort including patients diagnosed with colorectal (n = 317), hepatocellular (n = 185), biliary (n = 72), pancreatic (n = 186) or gastroesophageal (n = 119) cancer. Stage of disease was equally distributed. Patients without cachexia at diagnosis (n = 608) remained weight stable during the 12 months pre‐diagnosis (+0.5 ± 0.5% body weight; P = 0.99). Patients with cachexia at diagnosis (n = 271) remained weight stable 6 to 12 months prior to diagnosis (+0.4 ± 0.8%; P > 0.9999) and lost 8.7 ± 0.6% (P < 0.0001) within the 6 months pre‐diagnosis. Patients without cachexia at diagnosis lost more weight post‐diagnosis (6.3 ± 0.6%) than patients with cachexia at diagnosis (4.7 ± 1.0%; P = 0.01). Pre‐diagnosis weight trajectories did not differ between primary malignancies or stage of disease in patients without or with cachexia at diagnosis (all P ≥ 0.05). Post‐diagnosis weight trajectories did differ by primary malignancy (P ≤ 0.0002) and stage (P < 0.0001). In both patients without and with cachexia at diagnosis, colorectal patients lost the least amount of weight post‐diagnosis and gastroesophageal patients lost the most amount of weight post‐diagnosis. Stage 4 patients without or with cachexia at diagnosis lost the most weight post‐diagnosis (P ≤ 0.0003). Regardless of cachexia status at diagnosis, patients lost more weight when treated with systemic therapy (7.1 ± 0.7%; P < 0.0001; n = 419) or radiation therapy (8.4 ± 1.4%; P = 0.02; n = 116) compared to those who did not. Patients who did not have surgery lost more weight post‐diagnosis (7.6 ± 1.1%; P < 0.0001; n = 355) compared to those who did have surgery. By 12 months post‐diagnosis, 83% of the surviving GI cancer patients in this cohort had transitioned into cachexia syndrome.ConclusionsSignificant weight loss in patients with GI cancer cachexia at diagnosis initiates at least 6 months prior to diagnosis, and most patients will transition into cachexia syndrome post‐diagnosis, regardless of pre‐diagnosis weight change and stage of disease. These findings punctuate the importance of weight surveillance in cancer detection and earlier palliative interventions post‐diagnosis in the GI cancer patient population.