bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different extractive distillation processes for chloroform/n‐hexane separation: design and control
Authors: Zeng Xingyan , Yu Jianting , Zhu Lin , Lv Liping , Zhou Qian , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen extracting total glycosides from Panax notoginseng, a waste liquid containing chloroform and n‐hexane will be produced. These waste liquids are not separated and recycled in time, which will not only waste resources but also cause environmental pollution. Chloroform and n‐hexane form an azeotrope which cannot be separated by ordinary distillation methods. This study proposes three extractive distillation processes to separate the chloroform/n‐hexane azeotrope: conventional extractive distillation (ED), side‐stream extractive distillation (SSED) and extractive dividing wall column (EDWC). The total annual cost (TAC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the three options were compared, and the optimal process was selected. Furthermore, this research developed dynamic control of the optimal process.ResultsCompared with ED, from the perspective of economic indicators, the SSED process showed 18.9% reduction in TAC yet the EDWC process showed 33.2% reduction in TAC. In terms of CO2 emission indicators, the EDWC process also is more advantageous. Three control structures thus were developed for EDWC: applying ±5% or ±10% feed flow disturbance, and feed composition disturbance. The results show that CS3 with temperature composition cascade control structure can perfectly control all disturbances.ConclusionThis paper designs an economical, environmentally friendly and controllable chloroform/n‐hexane azeotropic separation process, which can provide a reference for the industrial application of chloroform/n‐hexane separation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Caspase 3‐like protease is involved in ethylene‐induced programmed cell death during aerenchyma formation in Helianthus annuus stem
Authors: Ni Xi‐Lu , Hou Hui , Xie Qinmi , Zhang Haiying , Yan Peixuan , Lv Yingze 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research has reported that hypoxic conditions and ethylene treatments greatly trigger programmed cell death (PCD) occurrence and induce the formation of aerenchyma to adapt stress environment in Helianthus annuus stem. Caspase 3‐like protease (CLP) as regulatory signals, also be involved in the process of PCD to adapt the low oxygen environment. However, the relationships between ethylene and CLP have seldom been reported. Herein, To understand the regulatory role of ethylene and CLP signaling molecules in aerenchyma formation, we investigated the effects of exogenous ethephon (ET), ethylene perception inhibitor 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), and the treatment of 1‐MCP + ET on morphological, physiological characteristics and aerenchyma formation in H. annuus stem. The results showed that lysigenous aerenchyma formation in H. annuus stem is induced by ET, and immunohistochemistry assay indicate CLP activity is raised at the formation stage of aerenchyma formation, and decreased at the expanding phase of aerenchyma formation. Western blotting illustrate the expression of CLP is also increased within 8 h after ethylene signaling inducing aerenchyma formation, and the activities of CLP are higher in ET treated seedlings than the control and 1‐MCP treated seedlings. The same phenomenon was also observed by caspase‐3 activity assay. These results revealed there is a causal and interdependent relationship between ET and CLP signaling during the process of aerenchyma formation, which regulating PCD initiation in H. annuus stem.
The impact of optical excitation on the binding in complexes of the cationic gold dimer: Au2+N2${\rm{Au}_{2}^{+}} {\rm{N}_{2}} $ and Au2+N2O${\rm{Au}_{2}^{+}} {\rm{N}_{2}{\rm{O}}} $
Authors: Förstel Marko , Nahvi Nima‐Noah , Pollow Kai , Studemund Taarna , Green Alice E. , Fielicke André , Mackenzie Stuart R. , Dopfer Otto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe vibrationally resolved Ã2Σ+ ←
Σ+ transitions of and are reported together with a detailed characterization of important geometric and electronic properties, enabling a deep understanding of the bonding mechanism at the molecular level. Comparison with time‐dependent density functional theory calculations reveals that the ligand stabilizes the entity in the Σ+ state by donating electron density into the half‐filled bonding orbital leading to the strengthening of the , , and bonds. This effect is reversed in the Ã2Σ+ state, where the bonding orbital is already filled and the ligand destabilizes the bond by donating into the antibonding orbitals of . The spectral detail obtained provides a deep understanding of the interplay of multiple electronic states in gas‐phase metal‐complex cations, opening the door for a systematic approach in the study of excited state reactivity in organometallic chemistry.Key points
High‐resolution spectroscopic characterization of complexes by photodissociation of mass‐selected ions in the optical range and determination of fundamental molecular constants and ligand binding energies
Detailed insight into geometric and electronic structure of ground and excited state of catalytically relevant gold cluster cations
Effect of ligands on chemical bonding and reactivity of in ground and excited electronic state
Visualizations throughout pharmacoepidemiology study planning, implementation, and reporting
Authors: Gatto Nicolle M. , Wang Shirley V. , Murk William , Mattox Pattra , Brookhart M. Alan , Bate Andrew , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Rassen Jeremy A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransparency is increasingly promoted to instill trust in nonrandomized studies using real‐world data. Graphics and data visualizations support transparency by aiding communication and understanding, and can inform study design and analysis decisions. However, other than graphical representation of a study design and flow diagrams (e.g., a Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials [CONSORT] like diagram), specific standards on how to maximize validity and transparency with visualization are needed. This paper provides guidance on how to use visualizations throughout the life cycle of a pharmacoepidemiology study—from initial study design to final report—to facilitate rationalized and transparent decision‐making about study design and implementation, and clear communication of study findings. Our intent is to help researchers align their practices with current consensus statements on transparency.
Potential of citrus endophyte Bacillus subtilisL1‐21 in the control of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Li Jian , He Pengfei , He Pengbo , Li Yongmei , Wu Yixin , Lu Zhanjun , Li Xingyu , Yang Yongchao , Wang Yuehu , Guo Jun , Munir Shahzad , He Yueqiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAsian citrus psyllid (ACP), also known as Diaphorina citri, is the natural vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating citrus disease. Previously, the pathogen was successfully excluded from diseased citrus plants by using the indigenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1‐21. However, the pathogen elimination and colonization potential of B. subtilis L1‐21 in the carrier vector ACP, as well as the recruitment of native microbial communities of psyllid in the presence of endophytes, are still unknown.RESULTSInitially, we suggested that endophyte L1‐21 reduced the CLas copies in ACP from 6.58 × 106 to 5.04 × 104 per insect after 48 h, however, the pathogen copies remained stable in the negative control. The endophyte was stable for 48 h after application. Among the bacterial genera those highlighted in ACP were Candidatus Liberibacter, Pseudomonas, Candidatus Profftella, Methylobacterium‐Methylorubrum, Pantoea, Curtobacterium, Wolbachia, Actinomycetospora, and Bacillus. Interestingly, B. subtilis L1‐21 easily colonizes the midgut of ACP but cannot be detected in eggs. When ACP with endophyte L1‐21 was allowed to feed on new citrus leaves, the highest colonization was observed. We also found that psyllids carrying endophyte L1‐21 after feeding on citrus leaves reduced the CLas copies in leaves on the 0, 3rd and 5th day from 8.18 × 10,4 2.6 × 10,3 and 0 pathogen copies/g fresh midvein, respectively.CONCLUSIONSWe propose that B. subtilis L1‐21 is a native endophyte in citrus and psyllid, which efficiently reduces the CLas pathogen in both citrus and psyllids, provides a more protective effect by increasing the number of cultivable endophytes, and successfully colonizes the midgut of ACP. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spectroscopic and electrical characterization of oxygen microwave discharge used for downstream plasma oxidation of Si
Authors: Alkhawwam Anas , Saloum Saker , Zrir Mohammad Ali , Tootanji Muhamad 
Published: August 2022

Actinometry optical emission spectroscopy (AOES), single cylindrical Langmuir, probe and electrostatic planar probe were used to characterize oxygen microwave plasma, at two distances from the plasma source (Z1 = 15 cm and Z2 = 25 cm), using three values of applied microwave power (800, 1000, and 1400 W) at a constant pressure of 70 Pa, involving different parameters, which are electron density (ne), effective electron temperature (Teff), plasma potential (Vp), floating potential (Vf), positive ion flux (Гi), negative ion ratio (α = n−/ne, n− is the negative ion density), and atomic oxygen density (AO: [O]). The electron density and the effective electron temperature were deduced from (I‐V) Langmuir probe characteristics. The atomic oxygen density was measured using actinometry method. Positive ion flux was evaluated from the positive ion saturation current (Isat) of the planar probe. The combination of both single Langmuir probe and the planar one enabled the calculation of electronegativity of the oxygen plasma. An application of this oxygen plasma is presented, which is the silicon surface oxidation. The formed SiO2 layer has been characterized by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis.
Static and Dynamic High-Resolution Ultrasound Analysis of Tissue Distribution of Poly-L-Lactic Acid Particles During Subdermal Application in Two Different Presentations
Authors: da Cunha Marisa Gonzaga , Sigrist Rosa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
All the changes the skin goes through, peaking at flaccidity, occur in the dermis and hypodermis, leading to loss of support and a lower capacity to totally accommodate displacements or any loss of subjacent volume, bringing about the onset of furrows and sagging. Improvements in facial sagging may be obtained with the administrations of substances like poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), which triggers a tissue response through a controlled inflammatory reaction.

Objectives
Compare the tissue distribution of the particles of PLLA of both products available in Brazil (Sculptra® and Rennova Elleva®) during and immediately after their subdermal administrations, with 22G cannulas, through high-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Methods
A total of four patients aged between 18 and 64 years had the inner part of the upper arms divided into eight quadrants and treated with 16 ml of each product, reconstituted to correspond to 9.5 mg/ml. The sites where PLLA was injected were analyzed through the high-resolution ultrasound during (dynamic imaging) and immediately after the procedures (static imaging).

Results
During Sculptra® injection, high-resolution ultrasound revealed that its distribution did not follow the trajectory of the cannula homogeneously. It was characterized by a more hyperechogenic central portion and an anechogenic peripheral portion, forming discrete posterior acoustic shadowing at times. Regarding Rennova ELLEVA® injection, the high-resolution ultrasound analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of the product across the subcutaneous tissue following the trajectory of the cannula without formation of significant interface with the surrounding tissue, maintaining the sonographic aspect of thinly granulated hyperechogenic deposits, with strong posterior acoustic shadowing during and immediately after its administration.

Conclusion
Static and dynamic high-resolution ultrasound imaging show a more homogenous distribution of PLLA particles with the use of Rennova ELLEVA® when compared with Sculptra®, which may induce the formation of capsules and a subsequent more dispersed fibroplasia, with larger area of action and a possible better therapeutic result. The interest of this article lies in its originality, highlighting the differences in the tissue distribution of two different brands of PLLA particles, which can impact the clinical response to the two products - which we are researching and seems to interfere with the increase in dermal thickness.
The ambiguous competitive effects of passive partial forward ownership
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos G. , Petrakis Emmanuel , Skartados Panagiotis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a two‐tier industry with an upstream monopolist supplier and downstream competition with differentiated goods, we show that passive partial forward ownership (PPFO) has ambiguous effects on competition and welfare. When vertical trading is conducted via linear tariffs, PPFO is pro‐competitive and welfare‐increasing. While under two‐part tariffs, it is anti‐competitive and welfare‐decreasing. These hold irrespectively of the degree of product differentiation, the observability or not of contract terms, the mode of downstream competition, and the distribution of bargaining power between firms.
Evaluating technical and financial factors for commercialising floating offshore wind: A stakeholder analysis
Authors: Moverley Smith Ben , Clayton Robert , van der Weijde Adriaan Hendrik , Thies Philipp R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, floating wind has enjoyed much public and governmental attention and is commonly identified as a crucial next step on the route to net zero targets for many countries. However, there is currently a large gap between the scale and readiness‐level of devices in the water and the end‐of‐ the‐decade aspirational targets of many governments. To facilitate the expansion of the industry, a wider acceptance and agreement of the realistic potential of floating wind and the barriers to the sector's development is required, particularly over this crucial 10‐year period, something currently scarce in published literature. In this work, a stakeholder engagement was performed, with subsequent analysis of the results to quantify industry expectations and identify the predominant technical and financial concerns of key stakeholders. The presented results of the work serve to both provide a point of comparison and updated account of industry‐based expert views in the near term, with further scientific analysis investigating distinctions between different stakeholder types. Secondarily, the key concerns of industry were analysed and compared with a literature review of recent research effort within floating wind, providing a high‐level gap analysis. A knowledge of the gaps can inform future areas for academic enquiry, ensuring the future needs of industry and the focus of research is aligned.
Short‐term photovoltaic power forecasting with adaptive stochastic configuration network ensemble
Authors: Guo Xifeng , Wang Xinlu , Ao Yanshuang , Dai Wei , Gao Ye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe volatility and intermittency of solar energy seriously restrict the development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry. Accurate forecast of short‐term PV power generation is essential for the optimal balance and dispatch of power plants in the smart grid. This article presents a machine learning approach for analyzing the volt‐ampere characteristics and influential factors on PV data. A correlation analysis is employed to discover some hidden characteristic variables. Then, an adaptive ensemble method with stochastic configuration networks as base models (AE‐SCN) is proposed to construct the PV prediction model, which integrates bagging and adaptive weighted data fusion algorithms. Compared with the original SCN, SCN ensemble (SCNE) and random vector functional‐link network (RVFLN), linear regression model, random forest model and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARMA) model, AE‐SCN performs favorably in the terms of the prediction accuracy.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Prediction
Tunneling potentials for the tunneling action: gauge invariance
Authors: Arunasalam Suntharan , Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We formulate a procedure to obtain a gauge-invariant tunneling rate at zero temperature using the recently developed tunneling potential approach. This procedure relies on a consistent power counting in gauge coupling and a derivative expansion. The tunneling potential approach, while numerically more efficient than the standard bounce solution method, inherits the gauge-dependence of the latter when naïvely implemented. Using the Abelian Higgs model, we show how to obtain a tunneling rate whose residual gauge-dependence arises solely from the polynomial approximations adopted in the tunneling potential computation.
Searching for dark radiation at the LHC
Authors: Bernreuther Elias , Kahlhoefer Felix , Lucente Michele , Morandini Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work we explore the intriguing connections between searches for long-lived particles (LLPs) at the LHC and early universe cosmology. We study the non-thermal production of ultra-relativistic particles (i.e. dark radiation) in the early universe via the decay of weak-scale LLPs and show that the cosmologically interesting range ∆Neff ~ 0.01–0.1 corresponds to LLP decay lengths in the mm to cm range. These decay lengths lie at the boundary between prompt and displaced signatures at the LHC and can be comprehensively explored by combining searches for both. To illustrate this point, we consider a scenario where the LLP decays into a charged lepton and a (nearly) massless invisible particle. By reinterpreting searches for promptly decaying sleptons and for displaced leptons at both ATLAS and CMS we can then directly compare LHC exclusions with cosmological observables. We find that the CMB-S4 target value of ∆Neff = 0.06 is already excluded by current LHC searches and even smaller values can be probed for LLP masses at the electroweak scale.
On the classification of UV completions of integrable $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations of CFT
Authors: Ahn Changrim , LeClair André 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is well understood that 2d conformal field theory (CFT) deformed by an irrelevant $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

perturbation of dimension 4 has universal properties. In particular, for the most interesting cases, the theory develops a singularity in the ultra-violet (UV), signifying a shortest possible distance, with a Hagedorn transition in applications to string theory. We show that by adding an infinite number of higher [$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

]s>1 irrelevant operators of positive integer scaling dimension 2(s+1) with tuned couplings, this singularity can be resolved and the theory becomes UV complete with a Virasoro central charge cUV> cIR consistent with the c-theorem. We propose an approach to classifying the possible UV completions of a given CFT perturbed by [$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

]s that are integrable. The main tool utilized is the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. We study this classification for theories with scalar (diagonal) factorizable S-matrices. For the Ising model with cIR = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

we find 3 UV completions based on a single massless Majorana fermion description with cUV =$$ \frac{7}{10} $$

7
10

and $$ \frac{3}{2} $$

3
2

, which both have $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SUSY and were previously known, and we argue that these are the only solutions to our classification problem based on this spectrum of particles. We find 3 additional ones with a spectrum of 8 massless particles related to the Lie group E8 appropriate to a magnetic perturbation with cUV = $$ \frac{21}{22},\frac{15}{12} $$

21
22

,

15
12

, and $$ \frac{31}{2} $$

31
2

. We argue that it is likely there are more cases for this E8 spectrum. We also study simpler cases based on su(3) and su(4) where we can propose complete classifications. For su(3) the infrared (IR) theory is the 3-state Potts model with cIR = $$ \frac{4}{5} $$

4
5

and we find 3 completions with $$ \frac{4}{5} $$

4
5

< cUV≤$$ \frac{16}{5} $$

16
5

. For the su(4) case, which has 3 particles and cIR = 1, and we find 11 UV completions with 1 < cUV ≤ 5, most of which were previously unknown.
Hadronic effects in Møller scattering at NNLO
Authors: Erler Jens , Ferro-Hernández Rodolfo , Freitas Ayres 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two-loop electroweak corrections to polarized Møller scattering are studied in two different schemes at low energies. We find the finite Q2 corrections to be well under control. The hadronic and perturbative QCD corrections to the γZ two-point function are incorporated through the weak mixing angle at low energies, which introduce an error of 0.08 × 10−3 in the weak charge of the electron $$ {Q}_W^e $$

Q
W
e

. Furthermore, by studying the scheme dependence, we obtain an estimate of the current perturbative electroweak uncertainty, $$ \delta {Q}_W^e $$
δ

Q
W
e

≈ 0.23 × 10−3, which is five times smaller than the precision estimated for the MOLLER experiment ($$ \delta {Q}_W^e $$
δ

Q
W
e

= 1.1 × 10−3). Future work is possible to reduce the theory error further.