bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedative Effect of Midazolam in Different Vehicles for Oral Administration
Authors: Franco-Quino Cesar , Chavez-Rimache Lesly , Aponte-Laban Angie , Borda-Mendoza Elmer , Gonzales-Camacho Claudia , Chumpitaz-Cerrate Victor , Herrera-Calderon Oscar 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Oral administration of midazolam is one of the most important protocols for producing adequate conscious sedation; however, it has an unpleasant taste and is poorly tolerated by pediatric patients.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative effect of diluted midazolam in different vehicles used to mask its unpleasant taste.

Methods and Material:
A total of 30 male mice (BALB-c) were randomly distributed in five groups. They were administered diluted midazolam in different vehicles (saline solution, paracetamol syrup, diclofenac suspension, multi-vitamin syrup, and boxed juice). All suspensions were administered orally (0.6 mg/Kg). The pH variation was evaluated with a digital pH meter, and the quality of sedation was evaluated in three tests: hole board test, grip strength test, and forced swimming test.

Results:
The paracetamol syrup vehicle was found to be the only vehicle which did not change its pH over time after dilution of midazolam. When evaluating the perforated platform, the greatest sedative effect was observed in the midazolam group with the paracetamol syrup (P > 0.05). Regarding grip strength, a difference was evident in all study groups at 45 minutes (P = 0.006); the midazolam group with the multi-vitamin syrup was less effective. Regarding the response time to forced swimming, the midazolam group with the paracetamol syrup presented the longest time at 15 and 30 minutes (5.39 ± 0.93 and 6.29 ± 0.83, respectively).

Conclusion:
The suspension of midazolam diluted in the paracetamol syrup is the most suitable for performing conscious sedation efficiently.
Trends in Practices of Self-Medication with Antibiotics among Medical Undergraduates in India
Authors: Nabi Nusrat , Baluja Zenis , Mukherjee Shoma , Kohli Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) without the consultation of a professional is a serious health concern and can lead to serious health hazard. This study was designed to evaluate the trends in SMA behavior and risk factors in medical undergraduates to further explore the association between SMA practices and adverse drug events (ADEs).

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 360 volunteering medical undergraduates at a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi.

Results:
67.78% of students (244/360) gave a history of SMA practice with females dominating (54.09%). Out of 244 students giving a positive history of SMA, 182 (74.59%) experienced ADE, reflecting a strong positive association between the two. Convenience (86.07%) was observed to be the main reason of practicing SMA in this study. Over-the-counter sale of prescription-only drugs, namely antibiotics by the community pharmacies, is as high as 90.16%, leading to the main source of acquiring antibiotics for self-medication. Fever (47.54%) and respiratory infections (39.34%) emerged as the major indications for SMA. Extended-spectrum penicillins (60.66%) were the most commonly used class of antibiotics for SMA.

Conclusion:
Our findings endorse high SMA prevalence among Indian medical students. Strict regulations on antibiotic sales and public education reinforced by strong antibiotic stewardship program at all levels are highly recommended.
Evaluation of Smoking Prevalence, Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Attitudes of Tobacco Control, and Smoking Cessation Knowledge among Pharmacy and Medical Students in a Private University, Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Aziz-ur , Mambali Majory , Keshavarzi Fazlollah , Baig Muhammad Ahsan Iftikhar , Hariadha Enti , Farrukh Muhmmad Junaid 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality globally, causing over eight million deaths per year. One of the best approaches to reduce smoking-related deaths is to encourage future health-care professionals in tobacco control programs.

Objectives:
To assess the smoking prevalence, secondhand smoke exposure, attitudes toward tobacco control, and smoking cessation knowledge and associated factors among pharmacy and medical students in a private university in Malaysia.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at two campuses of a private University in Malaysia, and the data were collected online using the Global Health Professionals Students Survey questionnaire and analyzed using IBM-SPSS Version 20.

Results:
The overall smoking prevalence was 1.6% (P = 0.009). The exposure to secondhand smoke was 21% and 39% at home and in public places, respectively. About 92% of respondents had a good attitude toward tobacco control, whereas 53.4% had good smoking cessation knowledge. However, only 39.4% of the respondents had received formal smoking cessation training. Logistic regression revealed that significant predictors toward tobacco control are the ban of tobacco sales to adolescents, ban on the advertising of tobacco products, ban of smoking in restaurants, and obtaining a specific training on cessation techniques.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of smoking among pharmacy and medical students was low, but exposure to secondhand smoke was higher. Most of the respondents had a positive attitude and good knowledge of smoking cessation. However, future training needs to be conducted among upcoming health-care professionals to act as a role model for community transformation.
Detection of Astaxanthin at Different Regions of the Brain in Rats Treated with Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion
Authors: Chik Mazzura Wan , Mohd Affandi Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor , Singh Gurmeet Kaur Surindar 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Astaxanthin (Ast), a compound used widely as a dietary supplement, has high antioxidant properties but poor oral bioavailability. To benefit from its nutritional values in cognitive function, Ast was formulated into a nanoemulsion which may improve its penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB).

Aim:
The present study aims to quantitate the Ast nanoemulsion in different regions of the brain tissue using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Materials and Methods:
Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with Ast nanoemulsion formulation daily (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight, bw) for 28 days before brain tissues were harvested, extracted, and quantified. A simple, sensitive, and reliable method using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolent detector was developed and validated to quantify Ast in the brain.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the ToolPak Data Analysis in Excel for t-test and analysis of variance single factor with Tukey post hoc analysis.

Results:
The calibration curve demonstrated a linear regression with an r
2 of 0.9998 and absolute recovery ranging from 97.8% to 109.6%. The hippocampus of the 160 mg/kg bw treatment group showed a significantly higher concentration of Ast (77.9 ± 17.3 μg/g) compared to the cortex (22.3 ± 4.2 μg/g) and cerebellum (33.1 ± 5.4 μg/g). Ast was detected in the cerebellum of the 80 mg/kg bw (29.4 ± 7.8 μg/g) treatment group with the amount not being significantly different to the 160 mg/kg bw (33.1 ± 5.4 μg/g) treatment group.

Conclusions:
It was evident that the Ast nanoemulsion formulated was able to cross the BBB and may provide protective benefits.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Automated ID/AST Systems and Mikrolatest Kit in Assessing the In Vitro Colistin Susceptibility of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates
Authors: Bhatia Mohit , Singh Ravi Indrapal , Rani Diksha , Rekha U. Sasi , Rohilla Ranjana , Omar Balram Ji , Gupta Pratima 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
To generate preliminary data about comparative evaluation of two automated ID/AST systems and Mikrolatest kit in determining in vitro colistin susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spp.

Materials and methods:
Twenty-three carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and two carbapenem-sensitive multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates obtained from various clinical samples of inpatients were included in the study. Species-level identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of test isolates was performed using BD phoenix and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated systems. Identity was reconfirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Additional colistin susceptibility testing was performed using Mikrolatest MIC colistin susceptibility testing kit (reference method).

Results:
Results showed that 16% isolates (27.3% [3/11] K. pneumoniae and 7.1% [1/14] E. coli) exhibited in vitro colistin resistance by the reference method. While the categorical agreement between BD Phoenix M50 ID/AST system and reference test w. r. t in vitro colistin susceptibility results was 100% and 92.9% for K. pneumoniae & E. coli, respectively, it was much lower between MicroScan WalkAway 96 plus ID/AST system and the latter. Almost perfect agreement (96%; kappa: 0.834) was observed between BD Phoenix M50 system and reference method.

Conclusions:
The results of this study are preliminary and cannot be generalized. Multicentric studies with large sample sizes should be conducted throughout the country to gain a deeper understanding of the subject under consideration.
A Combined Use of Soft Sets and Grey Numbers in Decision Making
Authors: Voskoglou Michael Gr. 
Published: May 2022

Decision making is the process of evaluating multiple alternatives to choose the one satisfying in the best way the required goals. The classical methods for decision making cannot always be applied due to the various forms of existing uncertainty in the corresponding problems. As a result, various methods for decision making under fuzzy conditions have been proposed. In this work, a new parametric decision-making method is introduced using a combination of soft sets and grey numbers as tools, which modifies a method with soft sets proposed by Maji, Roy, and Biswas. The importance of this modification is illustrated by an application concerning the decision for the purchase of a car satisfying in the best possible way the goals put by the candidate buyer.

Received: 2 April 2022 | Revised: 11 May 2022 | Accepted: 16 May 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
An experimental study of the reactivity of terpinolene and β-caryophyllene with the nitrate radical
Authors: Fouqueau Axel , Cirtog Manuela , Cazaunau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Doussin Jean-François , Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are intensely emitted by forests and crops into the atmosphere. They can
rapidly react with the nitrate radical (NO3) during the nighttime to form a
number of functionalized products. Among them, organic nitrates (ONs) have
been shown to behave as reservoirs of reactive nitrogen and consequently
influence the ozone budget and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), which are
known to have a direct and indirect effect on the radiative balance and
thus on climate. Nevertheless, BVOC + NO3 reactions remain poorly understood. Thus,
the primary purpose of this study is to furnish new kinetic and mechanistic
data for one monoterpene (C10H16), terpinolene, and one
sesquiterpene (C15H24), β-caryophyllene, using simulation
chamber experiments. These two compounds have been chosen in order to
complete the few experimental data existing in the literature. Rate
constants have been measured using both relative and absolute methods. They
have been measured to be (6.0 ± 3.8) ×10-11 and (1.8 ± 1.4) ×10-11 cm3 molec.−1 s−1 for
terpinolene and β-caryophyllene respectively. Mechanistic studies
have also been conducted in order to identify and quantify the main reaction
products. Total organic nitrates and SOA yields have been determined. Both
terpenes appear to be major ON precursors in both gas and particle phases
with formation yields of 69 % for terpinolene and 79 % for β-caryophyllene respectively. They are also major SOA precursors, with
maximum SOA yields of around 60 % for terpinolene and 90 % for β-caryophyllene. In order to support these observations, chemical analyses
of the gas-phase products were performed at the molecular scale using
a proton transfer reaction–time-of-flight–mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and FTIR. Detected products allowed proposing chemical mechanisms
and providing explanations through peroxy and alkoxy reaction pathways.
Analisis Implementasi Promosi Kesehatan tentang Covid-19 pada Rumah Sakit di Daerah Jakarta
Authors: Harnum Rizky Maulidiyah , Nurrizka Rahmah Hida , Agustina Agustina , Permatasari Putri 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, kegiatan promosi kesehatan sangat wajib dilakukan oleh setiap rumah sakit dalam upaya mencegah Covid-19. Akan tetapi, dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan banyak kendala. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis implementasi promosi kesehatan serta faktor-faktor dalam melaksanakannya di salah satu rumah sakit di daerah Jakarta.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian metode kualitatif dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 10 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pertanyaan untuk wawancara mendalam, pedoman observasi, dan juga pedoman telaah dokumen terhadap variabel-variabel yang akan diteliti sebagai alat untuk membantu penelitian. Triangulasi sumber, metode, dan teori merupakan teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisis penelitian ini.
Hasil: Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian adalah kegiatan promosi kesehatan di RS tersebut belum terlaksana dengan baik. Berikut beberapa hal yang menghambat pelaksanaan promosi kesehatan yaitu kepentingan kelompok sasaran belum optimal dan SDM yang kurang.
Kesimpulan: Diharapkan rumah sakit memaksimalkan factor-faktor yang masih menghambat pelaksanaan kegiatan promosi kesehatan.
Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Kebijakan, Promosi Kesehatan, Rumah Sakit
Abstract
Background: During the Covid-19 pandemi, health promotions are very mandatory for every hospital in an effort to prevent Covid-19. However, in its implementation, many obstacles were found. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of health promotion and the factors in implementing it.
Methods: This research is a qualitative research method with 10 informants. This study uses questions for in-depth interviews, observation guidelines, and also document review guidelines for the variables to be studied as tools. Triangulation of sources, methods, and theories is a technique used in analyzing this research.
Result: The results obtained in the study are health promotion in the hospital have not been carried out properly. The following are some of the things that hinder the implementation of health promotion, namely the interests of the target group are not optimal and human resources are lacking.
Conclusion: It is hoped that the hospital will maximize the factors that still hinder the implementation of health promotion activities.
Keywords: Health Promotion, Hospital, Implementation, Policy
Hubungan Faktor Karakteristik Ibu terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Bayi Usia 6-12 Bulan di Puskesmas Tanah Tinggi Tangerang
Authors: Puspita Mareta , Handayani Rini , Azteria Veza , Vionalita Gisely 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Pemberian ASI yang mengandung kolostrum tanpa tambahan makanan apapun dan diberikan kepada bayi dimulai ketika lahir hingga berusia 6 bulan. Prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif nasional tahun 2019 sebesar 67,74%. Studi ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor karakteristik ibu yang berhubungan dengan ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Puskesmas Tanah Tinggi Tangerang.
Metode: Studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Agustus 2021 dengan sampel 128 bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Variabel dependen penelitian adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif sedangkan variabel independen adalah usia, pekerjaan, pendidikan dan paritas. Analisis yang dilakukan secara analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-square.
Hasil: Ditemukan proporsi tertinggi pada kelompok yang memberikan ASI eksklusif (50,8%), ibu usia 20 tahun sampai 35 tahun (70,3%), ibu yang bekerja (68%), ibu pendidikan lanjut (75%) dan ibu primipara (57%). Hasil uji Chi-square ditemukan adanya hubungan antara ASI eksklusif dengan pekerjaan (P-value=0,031, PR=1,649, 95%CI 1,037-2,622). Namun, usia (P-value=0,063, PR=1,457, 95%CI 1,039-2,045), pendidikan (P-value=0,759, PR=1,109, 95%CI 0,753-1,632) dan paritas (P-value=0,575, PR=1,145, 95%CI 0,796-1,648) ditemukan tidak signifikan terhadap pemberian ASI ekslusif.
Kesimpulan: Hanya variabel pekerjaan yang berhubungan terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif.
Kata Kunci: ASI eksklusif, Paritas, Pekerjaan, Pendidikan, Usia
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding containing colostrum without any additional food and given to babies starting at birth until the age of 6 months. The national prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in 2019 was 67.74%. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of mothers related to exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6-12 months at the Tanah Tinggi Tangerang Health Center.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in January-August 2021 with a sample of 128 infants aged 6-12 months. The dependent variable of the study was exclusive breastfeeding while the independent variables were age, occupation, education and parity. The analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-square test.
Results: The highest proportion was found in the group who gave exclusive breastfeeding (50.8%), mothers aged 20 to 35 years (70.3%), working mothers (68%), advanced education mothers (75%) and primiparous mothers (57). %). The results of the Chi-square test found a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and work (P-value=0.031, PR=1.649, 95%CI 1.037-2.622). However, age (P-value=0.063, PR=1.457, 95%CI 1.039-2.045), education (P-value=0.759, PR=1.109, 95%CI 0.753-1.632) and parity (P-value=0.575, PR=1.145, 95%CI 0.796-1.648) was found not significant to exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: Only occupation variables related to exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Age, Education, Exclusive breastfeeding, Parity, Profession
A Qualitative Exploration of the Outcome Expectations in Determining Career Choices of College Students
Authors: Najam Beenish , Ghazal Saima 
Published: May 2022

Choosing a college major is very crucial and challenging at college level because selection of college majors at this stage pave a path way for future career. Pakistan being a developing country; career counseling services are scarce for students. It is needed to explore while making choices about career majors what are the underlying perceptions and factors that students think they can get in terms of outcomes from certain careers. It is an important component in career development so that career guidance and counseling can be provided by considering these factors. Research question for this qualitative study was “What are the underlying outcomes for choosing certain careers that students expect? A sample of eighteen intermediate twelve grade undergraduate college students; nine males and nine female participants taken from public and private sector degree colleges were interviewed to get insight about their future career choices and underlying outcomes from these career choices. Results were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings indicated that participant reported medical, engineering, teaching, army and business as their intended future career choices. Moreover, after analyzing results through thematic analysis, outcome expectation was emerged as a broader theme categorized into three sub-themes 1) physical outcomes with sub themes of financial stability and job security 2) social outcomes (including social acceptance and service to humanity and 3) self-outcomes with sub theme of significance of work. Findings have potential implications for counselors and educators to have understanding of outcome expectations that may determine the career paths for students. In this way help can be provided to students for reexamining their beliefs and in turn broadening their career horizons.

Key words: outcome expectations, college students, career choices
A Tri-Country Analysis of the Effects of White Supremacy in Mental Health Practice and Proposed Policy Alternatives
Authors: Folkerts Kristen M. , Merchant Isra , Yang Chenxi 
Published: May 2022

The goal of this paper is to take a closer look at mental health care policies in Nigeria, China, and the United States. These nations were selected for their demographic diversity as well as for the shared influence that European colonization, imperialism, and white supremacy culture have had on their equally diverse mental health policies and practices. How do historical and cultural perspectives affect different nations’ mental health policies and approaches (via a multi-nation comparison)? This analysis aims to tackle this question, discussing how cultural humility both currently and historically informs mental health treatment for non-white populations within the United State. In addition it examines imperialist and colonial mental health treatment of local populations in China and Nigeria. Finally, a global policy strategy is presented to promote the practice of cultural humility on a multinational scale.
Keywords: Cultural humility, Decolonization, white supremacy, Global policy, Global mental health
Cyborg Liberation: Donna Haraway's Cyborg Feminism as an Emancipatory Model of Identity
Authors: Tolliver Nicholas D. 
Published: May 2022

Donna Haraway’s concept of the cyborg is a radical archetype for emancipatory self-construction that models conscious reshaping of socially imposed identities. The cyborg represents the plasticity of our socially constructed identities: our ability to transcend the limits of prefabricated identities and overwrite oppressive, socially imposed roles. Understanding social construction through this lens gives social workers and clients the conceptual tools to deconstruct rigid identities—particularly those of gender identity—imposed by society. These identities are the subject of active political contestation; they are the product of economic, social, and cultural relations and institutions. The concept of the cyborg provides an emancipatory model that denaturalizes and destabilizes rigid essentialist binaries and instead recognizes the chimeric multiplicity of the individual.
Keywords: cyborg, social construction, identity, gender, feminism
Tijolos solo-cimento: Uma alternativa sustentável para a construção civil
Authors: Chagas de Figueiredo Sousa Fernando , Beatryz Rolim Tavares Fernanda , Martins Costa Ferreira Silva Igor 
Published: May 2022

Os tijolos solo-cimento é uma alternativa viável para a construção civil, podendo ser utilizado nas mais variadas áreas de aplicação, em tom de igualdade com as alvenarias tradicionais (tijolos cerâmicos). Essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de fazer um estudo sobre viabilização quanto a incorporação de tijolos de solo-cimento nas construções. Foi feita uma análise dos materiais tradicionais que esses tijolos são produzidos (solo e cimento), foram caracterizados através do ensaio de compressão simples, para averiguação da resistência mecânica a compressão que os tijolos teriam ao longo de sua vida útil. Foram moldados corpos de prova convencionais. Em seguida, os corpos de prova foram curados nos períodos de 1 dia (24 horas) e de 7 dias, verificando-se as propriedades físico-mecânicas de resistência a compressão simples dos tijolos. Após a análise dos resultados, constatou-se que o resultado encontrado é suficiente para passar nos padrões normativos sobre resistência a compressão dos tijolos.