bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Duration Crystal-Jumping by a Stepwise Stimulation: Thermal Induction of Strain and Its Release by Spontaneous Desolvation
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Here we report thermally-induced and long-duration jumping phenomena in a toluene-solvated crystal of zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin. The crystal splits into pieces along with a jumping phenomenon by cooling after heating over its desolvation temperature. Interestingly, the jumping phenomenon was observed for more than a few minutes after the thermal stimulus. Microscope observations, thermal analyses, and X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the long-duration jumping phenomenon is due to a stepwise stimulation: accumulation of thermally-induced strain by coexisting the solvated and unsolvated crystal structures, i.e. pseudo-polymorphs, in the crystal and release of the strain triggered by time, i.e. gradual spontaneous desolvation at the ambient conditions. Our findings based on the stepwise approach demonstrate that time can work as a stimulus for jumping molecular crystals and demonstrate their designability by introduction of strain as an artificial modification.
Using CO2 Reactions to Achieve Mass-spectrometric Discrimination in Simultaneous Plutonium-isotope Speciation with Inductively Coupled Plasma–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Matsueda Makoto , Kawakami Tomohiko , Koarai Kazuma , Terashima Motoki , Fujiwara Kenso , Iijima Kazuki , Furukawa Makoto , Takagai Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Simultaneous isotope speciation of various Pu isotopes is difficult to achieve with conventional inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) owing to isobaric interferences. In analyzing ICP tandem MS (ICP–MS/MS), CO2 gas reactions in a dynamic reaction cell (DRC) almost eliminated the background noise intensity produced by isobaric interference from isotopes originating from actinides such as Am, Cm, and U at the locations (m/z) of significant Pu isotopes (239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 242Pu, and 244Pu).
Preseason Eccentric Strength Is Not Associated with Hamstring Strain Injury: A Prospective Study in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: WILLE CHRISTA M. , STIFFLER-JOACHIM MIKEL R. , KLIETHERMES STEPHANIE A. , SANFILIPPO JENNIFER L. , TANAKA CLAIRE S. , HEIDERSCHEIT BRYAN C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Established risk factors for hamstring strain injuries (HSI) include older age and prior HSI. However, these are nonmodifiable and have a limited role in injury prevention. Eccentric hamstring strength is a common component of HSI prevention programs, but its association with injury is less clear.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if eccentric hamstring strength was prospectively associated with HSI among collegiate athletes, while controlling for sex, age, and prior HSI. We hypothesized that athletes with lower eccentric hamstring strength or greater between-limb strength asymmetry at preseason would have an increased risk of HSI.

Methods
Hamstring eccentric strength measures, maximum total force (F
Total) and between-limb asymmetry in maximum force (F
Asym), were measured at preseason on male and female athletes. HSIs were tracked over the subsequent 12 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify univariable and multivariable associations between athlete demographics, eccentric hamstring strength, and HSI risk.

Results
Data for 326 athletes (85 female; 30 track, 43 basketball, 160 American football, 93 soccer) were included, and 64 HSIs were observed. Univariable associations between eccentric hamstring strength and subsequent HSI were nonsignificant (F
Total: odds ratio [OR], 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–1.05); P = 0.74; F
Asym: OR, 1.35 (95% CI, 0.87–2.09); P = 0.23). No relationship between eccentric hamstring strength and HSI (F
Asym: OR, 1.32 (95% CI, 0.84–2.08); P = 0.23) was identified after adjusting for confounders including sex, age, and prior HSI.

Conclusions
No association between preseason eccentric hamstring strength and risk of subsequent HSI was identified after controlling for known risk factors and sex among collegiate athletes. Eccentric hamstring strengthening may continue to serve as a preventative approach to HSI, but it does not provide additional insight into HSI risk beyond factors such as age and prior HSI.
Exercise Training Lowers Arterial Blood Pressure Independently of Pannexin 1 in Men with Essential Hypertension
Authors: MØLLER SOPHIE , HANSEN CAMILLA COLLIN , EHLERS THOMAS SVARE , TAMARIZ-ELLEMANN ANDREA , TOLBORG SARAH Á RÒGVI , KURELL MELANIE EMMONDS , PÉREZ-GÓMEZ JORGE , PATRZALEK SIMON SCHULTZ , MAULITZ CHRISTINE , HELLSTEN YLVA , GLIEMANN LASSE 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Regular exercise training reduces arterial blood pressure, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the potential involvement of pannexin 1, an ATP releasing channel, in the blood pressure–reducing effect of training.

Methods
Middle-age men, 13 normotensive and 14 nonmedicated stage 1 hypertensive, completed 8 wk of intensive aerobic cycle training. Before and after training, blood pressure and changes in leg vascular conductance, induced by femoral arterial infusion of tyramine (induces endogenous noradrenaline release), acetylcholine, or sodium nitroprusside, were measured during control conditions and after acute pannexin 1 inhibition by probenecid. A skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the thigh, pre- and posttraining.

Results
Exercise training reduced mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure by ~5 (P = 0.013) and 5 mm Hg (P < 0.001), respectively, in the hypertensive group only. The reduction in blood pressure was not related to changes in pannexin 1 function because mean arterial blood pressure and tyramine-induced vasoconstriction remain unaltered by pannexin 1 inhibition after training in both groups. After training, pannexin 1 inhibition enhanced leg vascular conductance in the normo- and hypertensive groups at baseline (41.5%, P = 0.0036, and 37.7%, P = 0.024, respectively) and in response to sodium nitroprusside infusion (275%, P = 0.038, and 188%, P = 0.038, respectively). Training did not alter the pannexin 1 protein expression in skeletal muscle. Training enhanced the vasodilator response to acetylcholine infusion and increased the expression of microvascular function-relevant proteins.

Conclusions
The exercise training-induced lowering of arterial blood pressure in nonmedicated hypertensive men does not involve an altered function of pannexin 1.
Case Report: Natal tooth in a four-day old newborn
Authors: Fatima Nabeela , Karki Saurab , Pokharel Subashchandra , Basnet Samikshya 
Published: April 2022

Background: A natal tooth is a tooth that is present at the time of birth. Eruption of teeth in infants is a rare phenomenon. Though rare, natal and neonatal tooth must be looked upon with great importance because they may lead to many complications. Case report: We present a case of a four-day old baby presenting with a mandibular natal tooth, which was successfully extracted without any complications. The mother had presented with a single umbilical artery during her pregnancy, which might be the proposed etiology of the natal tooth as the exact etiology is unknown. Conclusion: The exact etiology of natal tooth is unknown but there are a lot of factors that might be a cause. For the majority of cases, extraction is the mainstay of therapy as the risk associated is higher and can be life-threatening in most cases.
TReNCo: Topologically associating domain (TAD) aware regulatory network construction
Authors: Bennett Christopher , Amin Viren , Kim Daehwan , Cobanoglu Murat Can , Malladi Venkat 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: There has long been a desire to understand, describe, and model gene regulatory networks controlling numerous biologically meaningful processes like differentiation. Despite many notable improvements to models over the years, many models do not accurately capture subtle biological and chemical characteristics of the cell such as high-order chromatin domains of the chromosomes. Methods: Topologically Associated Domains (TAD) are one of these genomic regions that are enriched for contacts within themselves. Here we present TAD-aware Regulatory Network Construction or TReNCo, a memory-lean method utilizing epigenetic marks of enhancer and promoter activity, and gene expression to create context-specific transcription factor-gene regulatory networks. TReNCo utilizes common assays, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and TAD boundaries as a hard cutoff, instead of distance based, to efficiently create context-specific TF-gene regulatory networks. Results: We used TReNCo to define the enhancer landscape and identify transcription factors (TFs) that drive the cardiac development of the mouse. Conclusion: Our results show that we are able to build specialized adjacency regulatory network graphs containing biologically relevant connections and time dependent dynamics.
A study protocol for the cardiac effects of a single dose of either oxytocin 2.5 IU or carbetocin 100 µg after caesarean delivery: a prospective randomized controlled multi-centre trial in Norway
Authors: Bekkenes Maria , Jørgensen Marte Morin , Flem Jacobsen Anne , Wang Fagerland Morten , Rakstad-Larsen Helene , Solberg Ole Geir , Aaberge Lars , Klingenberg Olav , Steinsvik Trude , Rosseland Leiv Arne 
Published: April 2022

Background: Both oxytocin and carbetocin are used to prevent uterine atony and post-partum haemorrhage after caesarean delivery in many countries, including Norway. Oxytocin causes dose-dependent ST-depression, troponin release, prolongation of QT-time and arrythmia, but little is known about myocardial effects of carbetocin. We have previously demonstrated comparable vasodilatory effects of oxytocin and carbetocin and are now undertaking a Phase 4 trial to investigate whether carbetocin causes similar changes to myocardial markers compared with oxytocin. Methods: Our randomized controlled trial will be conducted at three obstetrics units at Oslo University Hospital and Akershus University Hospital, Norway. Planned enrolment will be of 240 healthy, singleton pregnant women aged 18 to 50 years undergoing planned caesarean delivery. Based on pilot study data, each participant will receive a one-minute intravenous injection of either oxytocin 2.5 IU or carbetocin 100 µg during caesarean delivery. The prespecified primary outcome is the change from baseline in high-sensitive troponin I plasma concentrations at 6–10 hours after study drug administration. Secondary outcomes include uterine tone grade at 2.5 and five minutes after study drug administration, adverse events for up to 48 hours after study drug administration, estimated blood loss within eight hours of delivery, need for rescue treatment and direct/indirect costs. Enrolment and primary analysis are expected to be completed by the end of 2021. Discussion: Women undergoing caesarean delivery should be assessed for cardiovascular risk particularly as women with an obstetric history of pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, placental abruption, and stillbirth are at increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. Any additional ischaemic myocardial risk from uterotonic agents will need to be balanced with the benefit of reducing the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Any potential cardiotoxicity difference between oxytocin and carbetocin will help inform treatment decisions for pregnant women. Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03899961 (02/04/2019).
“I Have to Start All over Again.” The Role of Institutional and Personal Arrival Infrastructures in Refugees’ Home-making Processes in Amsterdam
Authors: Kox Mieke , Van Liempt Ilse 
Published: April 2022

In this study, we take the concept of arrival infrastructures as a starting point to explore refugees’ home-making processes in Amsterdam. This concept allows us to look beyond formal infrastructures set up for refugees and to take a closer look at all (f)actors playing a role in refugees’ processes of “starting all over again”. Drawing on participatory ethnographic research in a community centre for refugees, we describe the role of institutional as well as personal infrastructures in material and affective terms and show how these are related to refugees’ sense of belonging in the city. We illustrate that refugees become entangled in a web of reception/asylum seekers centres and civic integration requirements that facilitate and constrain their home-making processes in a new place. It is more the informal, personal infrastructures that enable refugees to build social and affective ties in the city. Nevertheless, refugees are still struggling with social isolation and a lack of participation due to their limited opportunities and the relatively closed character of Dutch society. This impacts their sense of belonging and comes at the cost of their integration in the city. These insights raise not only questions on the current organisation of arrival infrastructures for refugees, but also show the need to move towards a multidimensional integration model that includes the role of (civil) society in the destination society in the refugees’ integration processes.
* This article belongs to a special issue on "Refugee Migration to Europe – Challenges and Potentials for Cities and Regions".
Datos y evidencias del teletrabajo, antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Benavides Fernando , Silva-Peñaherrera Michael 
Published: April 2022

Este breve ensayo parte de la hipótesis de que el teletrabajo no es nada más, y nada menos, que la manifestación de un anunciado cambio de época, del cual la pandemia está actuando como acelerador. Un cambio de época definida por un nuevo espacio económico y laboral, además de social, que es el ciberespacio, que profundiza en la digitalización de la economía y la flexibilización del mercado de trabajo. El teletrabajo es un resultado esperado en esta nueva realidad.
La pandemia ha incrementado exponencialmente esta nueva forma de organización del trabajo, definida como el trabajo realizado en domicilio utilizando equipos electrónicos. Desde una perspectiva global, la OIT ha estimado, en base a las encuestas de hogares de 31 países realizadas en el segundo trimestre de 2020, que el 17,4% de las personas ocupadas de todo el mundo, unos 557 millones, trabajaron en ese periodo en sus domicilios, oscilando entre el 25,4% en los países de renta alta y el 13,6% en los países de renta baja. Para América Latina, el teletrabajo se elevó entre a un 25-30% en el segundo trimestre de 2020, y en Europa, Eurofound, en el mes de abril de 2020, estimó que el 37% de los participantes había empezado a trabajar en el domicilio con el inicio de la pandemia. Todo lo cual ha permitido mantener cierta actividad económica y la relación laboral de estas personas durante la pandemia.
Asimismo, no hay que olvidar que la pandemia ha provocado también enormes pérdidas de empleo, especialmente durante el segundo trimestre de 2020, en que según las estimaciones de la OIT se perdieron más de 300 millones de empleos a jornada completa. Unas pérdidas de empleos que en el segundo trimestre de 2021 aún no se han recuperado respecto a los niveles anteriores a la pandemia. En este sentido, no hay que olvidar que el teletrabajo no crea nuevas ocupaciones, solo proporciona una nueva forma de organizar el trabajo para aquellas ocupaciones cuyas tareas pueden realizarse virtualmente.
En el momento de elaboración de este artículo, después de un año de restricciones en la actividad económica, la movilidad y la interacción social, las encuestas que ha continuado realizando Eurofound muestran que el teletrabajo exclusivo, todos los días de la semana, está disminuyendo en el conjunto de la Unión europea, desde el 34% en verano de 2020 al 24% en la primavera de 2021. Dado que la pandemia aún no ha finalizado, y que no sabemos cómo acabará este “experimento”, debemos continuar monitorizando estos cambios en la manera de trabajar, y cómo afectan al mercado de trabajo y a las condiciones de empleo y trabajo.
Hasta donde sabemos, el teletrabajo ofrece grandes ventajas, pero también importantes inconvenientes, respecto a las condiciones de trabajo y empleo, las cuales pueden afectar a la salud de la persona que teletrabaja, positiva o negativamente. La regulación del teletrabajo es un elemento clave de la regulación de la economía digital basada en el ciberespacio, y debe tener un alcance global.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: diagnosing subtypes and the challenges
Authors: Hague Christina , Farquharson Nina , Menasce Lia , Parry Eileen , Cowan Richard 
Published: April 2022

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a rare type of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. The uncertain pathogenesis and variable clinical presentation make the diagnosis and management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma a challenge. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a chronic, relapsing illness with treatment aimed at symptomatic relief and improving patient related quality of life. Early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically follows an indolent course, often being mistaken for benign dermatological conditions which can lead to a diagnostic delay. Advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma has a poor prognosis with significant morbidity. Accurate diagnosis and early involvement of a specialist team is paramount to ensure correct management and improved patient outcomes. Promising advances are being made to develop novel agents which could improve prognosis and quality of life. This article provides an overview of the two main subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Clinical presentation, histopathological correlation and diagnostic challenges are reviewed alongside example case studies.
Didactic Oriented Study: Move and Transitivity Analysis of Method, Result, and Discussion Sections in Research Articles
Authors: Hendrawan Wawan , Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Krisnawati Ekaning , Darmayanti Nani 
Published: April 2022

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study expounds how the analysis of move and transitivity in the method, result, and discussion sections contributes to the advancement of novice writers’ writing skills by providing a writing pattern applied when composing research articles. To this aim, a qualitative approach with descriptive technique is employed to encapsulate and explain the phenomena being studied. The data are the method, result, and discussion sections of research articles (RAs) drawn from top tier journals categorized as language and linguistics and analyzed based on macro structure (move and steps) and micro structure (transitivity). The results indicate that 11 moves and 38 steps discovered, in detail, these consist of three moves and 15 steps in method, four moves and 10 steps in result, and four moves and 13 steps in discussion. As for the successions of the move steps, few inter-move step shifts observed. This is in contrast with the outer-move step shifts that commonly occurred. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the transitivity analysis suggest that there are six processes revealed including material, relational, verbal, mental, existential, and behavioral consecutively with material dominating and behavioral the fewest. The results of the present study may supplement the teaching materials reside in English for a research purpose. </p>
Design of an ultra-broadband optical filter based on a local micro-structured long period fiber grating near PMTP
Authors: Li Zhengyuan , Gu Zhengtian , Ling Qiang , Jiang Huiping 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a local micro-structured long period fiber grating (LMS-LPFG) ultra-broadband optical filter based on the wide bandwidth near the phase-matching turning point (PMTP). The structure of LMS-LPFG is obtained by dividing a LPFG into two parts of equal length and reducing the cladding radius of the second LPFG. At this time, the LMS-LPFG can be regarded as a cascade of two equal-length LPFGs with different resonance wavelengths. The cladding mode and grating period are determined to make the first LPFG work in the double-peak resonance state, and the second LPFG operates near PMTP. It is found that the transmission spectra of the two LPFGs can be superimposed to form a wide loss bandwidth. Then the cladding radii of the second LPFG and grating structure parameters are designed based on coupled-mode theory. First, the grating period corresponding to the operating wavelength is determined from the phase-matching curve of LMS-LPFG. Then, the radius of the second LPFG with a designated grating period is selected to make LPFG 2 work in PMTP by reducing its cladding radius. In addition, the grating lengths of the two LPFGs are determined by maximizing the loss of the LMS-LPFG’s transmission spectrum. Finally, the two LPFGs are cascaded into a LMS-LPFG, and the optical transmission spectrum of the LMS-LPFG is calculated by the transfer matrix method. Simulation results show that the bandwidth of the transmission spectrum can reach 380 nm. In addition, the flexibility of design for the operating wave band is discussed and confirmed, and can meet different actual requirements of optical communication.
Adaptive hyperspectral imaging using structured illumination in a spatial light modulator-based interferometer
Authors: Chandra Amar Deo , Karmakar Mintu , Nandy Dibyendu , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: April 2022

We develop a novel hyperspectral imaging system using structured illumination in an SLM-based Michelson interferometer. In our design, we use a reflective SLM as a mirror in one of the arms of a Michelson interferometer and scan the interferometer by varying the phase across the SLM display. For achieving the latter, we apply a checkerboard phase mask on the SLM display where the gray value varies between 0-255, thereby imparting a dynamic phase of up to 262° to the incident light beam. We couple a supercontinuum source into the interferometer in order to mimic an astronomical object such as the Sun and choose a central wavelength of 637.4 nm akin to the strong emission line of Fe X present in the solar spectrum. We use a bandwidth of 30 nm and extract fringes corresponding to a spectral resolution of 3.8 nm which is limited by the reflectivity of the SLM. We also demonstrate a maximum wavelength tunability of ∼8 nm by varying the phase over the phase mask with a spectral sampling of around 0.03 nm between intermediate fringes. The checkerboard phase mask can be adapted close to real time on time-scales of a few tens of milliseconds to obtain spectral information for other near-contiguous wavelengths. The compactness, potential low cost, low power requirements, real-time tunability and lack of moving mechanical parts in the setup implies that it can have very useful applications in settings that require near real-time, multi-wavelength spectroscopic applications and is especially relevant in space astronomy.