bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Sciences
Authors: Gupta Sujata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, Science News reporter Sujata Gupta discusses the promise and pitfalls of reporting on the social sciences. Gupta lets readers in on strategies for identifying newsworthy research papers and finding the hidden social science angles in major news stories. On a reporting beat where research studies commonly contradict one another—or prove to be irreproducible—Gupta explains why it is critical for journalists to interrogate their own biases, ask the right questions, and report their stories with nuance and caution. Readers will come away with a newfound appreciation for the beat, for as Gupta writes: To grapple with the social sciences is to grapple, rigorously, with the art of being human.
Technology
Authors: Molteni Megan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Technology can be a daunting beat—according to Megan Molteni, a science and health reporter at STAT news—one that can have a reporter desperately trying to distinguish fact from fiction, understand technically dense subjects, and see around corners and inside the machinations of opaque companies guarded by highly paid teams of public relations professionals. In this chapter, Molteni offers tips and advice on how to pry open the black box of Silicon Valley and uncover the people, trends, and technological feats that have come to define modern life—for good and ill. Understanding software is just the beginning. More important is a nose for nonsense and an understanding of how innovation culture is as likely to spawn a thousand useless gadgets for every Google or Facebook. Consumers need good journalists to be able to spot the difference.
Conservation and Wildlife
Authors: Nuwer Rachel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, freelance science journalist Rachel Nuwer notes one of the toughest challenges for a reporter on the conservation and wildlife beat: getting people to pay attention and care. And yet, as with journalists who report primarily about human subjects, those who write about wildlife and nature must think of themselves as giving a voice to the voiceless, holding power to account, striving to right injustices, and bringing attention to the wondrous diversity that defines life on Earth. In this chapter, Nuwer explains why all of this matters and notes that a sense of history, a respect for diversity, and an interest in digging for details are keys to success.
Wisdom within Words
Authors: Heine Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This book is the first complete bilingual edition and annotated translation of the poetry collection entitled Mystery within Words (Kuchūgen), which features 149 Chinese-style verses (kanshi) written by Dōgen Zenji (1200–1253), founder of the Sōtō Zen sect in early medieval Japan. These poems are very important for highlighting several key aspects of Dōgen’s manner of thinking and process of writing. Dōgen composed Sinitic poetry throughout all stages of his career at both Kōshōji temple in Kyoto and Eiheiji temple in the remote mountains for various purposes. These aims included reflections on meditation during periods of reclusion, commenting on cryptic kōan cases, eulogizing deceased patriarchs, celebrating festivals and seasonal occasions, welcoming new administrative appointees at the temple, remarking on the life of the Buddha and other aspects of attaining enlightenment, and offering capping phrases that help highlight prose teachings or instructions. Although Dōgen’s poetry has often been overlooked by the sectarian tradition, even though this collection was edited by the most eminent Edo period scholar-monk, Menzan, this style of writing should now be regarded in relation to the valuable roles that poetry played in the development of East Asian Buddhist contemplative life.
Textual and Interpretative History of Dōgen’s Sinitic Poetry
Authors: Heine Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first chapter examines the textual origins and diverse implications of Dōgen Sinitic poetry collection titled Wisdom within Words (Kuchūgen) as compiled in 1759 by the eminent Sōtō Zen scholar-monk Menzan along with his annotations and edited in recent years by Murakami Shindō. Some of the main topics discussed are how the poems were culled by Menzan from Dōgen’s ten-volume Extensive Record, a compendium of various prose and poetic writings that is extant in two versions, with Menzan using the edition first published in 1672 by Manzan, as well as the significance of the title of the poetry collection and the ways it is presented by Murakami’s book featuring many useful interpretative resources that help readers access the significance of the sometimes-obscure verses.
Wisdom within Words
Authors: Heine Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The third and most important chapter of the book is a bilingual version of Wisdom within Words including translations with comments for each of the 149 kanshi poems selected by Menzan, plus the final verse written by Menzan as a postscript for a total of 150 poems. In the opening section, the origins of the poems in the ten volumes of the Extensive Record are cited in a table that should be read in connection with a more detailed list provided in the Appendix. Then, the rendering of every verse is accompanied by the author’s remarks concerning when and where it was composed by Dōgen and its importance for understanding Zen spirituality as seen in relation to East Asian Buddhist thought and intellectual history. Also discussed in these explanations is a comparison of the version of the verse from Dōgen’s Extensive Record that is cited by Menzan with the alternative edition of the source text that often differs in wording or tone.
The New World Steps Forth
Authors: Ferreiro Larrie D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As Allied troops advanced through Europe toward Germany in late 1944 and early 1945, they were followed by teams of scientists and engineers who raced to uncover German technological secrets before they could be unleashed. This chapter describes several of those missions, notably the Alsos Mission, which unearthed the German atomic program and captured its leader, Werner Heisenberg. The chapter then explains how the Allied atomic program evolved. British discoveries in atomic fission led Churchill to begin an atomic bomb program under the name Tube Alloys. OSRD passed the information to Roosevelt, who initiated what became the Manhattan Project. At its peak, the Manhattan Project employed dozens of British scientists in key positions, who proved crucial in the successful development of the atomic bombs that ended World War Two.
Promotion and the Arts
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains why traditional promotion is a poor fit for the nonprofit arts. It uses examples of McCarthy’s promotion to show why the concept of promotion is an imperfect fit for nonprofit arts organizations. In addition to the standard methods of promotion being ill-suited to the arts, the purpose of promotion is to persuade consumers to purchase a product. The chapter argues that this approach is improper for the nonprofit arts since nonprofit organizations exist to serve communities rather than to persuade consumers. It includes a case about a dance company and their struggle with using traditional promotion to maintain and build audiences.
Product and the Arts
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses not only how the notion of product was designed before the nonprofit arts in their current form existed but also how the application of product is a poor fit for the nonprofit arts. The chapter describes why the conceptions of product are a poor match for the concept of art in general. It compares and contrasts products and services, and evaluates why comparisons do not hold up to the notion of experience. It includes the case of an opera company that became so focused on what would happen onstage that they ignored the audience experience. Their focus on product led the organization to focus on physical happening, and describing it to their community.
Conclusion
Authors: Rhine Anthony , Pension Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a conclusion to the text How to Market the Arts: A Practical Approach for the 21st Century. It succinctly describes why the marketing mix is insufficient for the nonprofit arts field and why a transition to a focus on engagement benefits both organizations and communities. The chapter describes how the four Es, education, experience, environment, and ease of access, work together in tandem to support the work of nonprofit arts organizations. It provides a visual to help readers see a model for how all these concepts can work together to enhance engagement between arts organizations and their communities.
Pop Culture Warriors
Authors: Penney Joel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how journalists working for conservative news outlets use pop culture coverage as a weapon in a broader “culture war” that attacks the perceived dominance of left-wing ideology throughout US society. Right-wing commentators see themselves as fighting back against Hollywood’s unfair treatment of conservative messaging and talent in a way that dovetails with broader narratives of right-wing cultural grievance, resentment, and loss of social status. The chapter details the specific frames that these journalists employ in their work, focusing on the embrace of freedom-of-expression rhetoric as a tactical response to the perceived moral wrongs of “cancel culture.” Yet the field is seemingly divided between a more self-consciously nuanced approach, which makes appeals to traditional journalistic standards and seeks to avoid extremism around matters of identity politics, and a more aggressive far-right approach, which draws upon heated “culture war” passions to martial forces of bigotry and hate.
Moral Status, Rights, and Parfit’s No-Difference View
Authors: Kamm F.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes three “levels” of moral status, discussing how those levels imply different moral obligations. Entities with Level 1 “count” morally in their own right, while at Level 2, entities count morally in their own right and for their own sake. The chapter proceeds to discuss how we have so-called directed duties, correlative to rights, owed to beings at Level 3 moral status. The last part of the chapter is concerned with duties toward an embryo at Level 1 who will in fact develop into a person at Level 3. It is claimed that one ought to be attentive to various senses of person-affectingness in determining how the embryo can permissibly be treated, noting that the moral relevance of the ways in which one affects a person for the worse often affects the morality of actions. This bears on Parfit’s Non-Identity Problem, his No-Difference View, and obligations to future generations.
What “Must” Be Done to Answer Practical Questions?
Authors: Kamm F.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on what is required to answer questions in practical ethics as well as on the basis of certain rights, including the right to have control over one’s own body. The chapter critically examines Ronald Dworkin’s view, presented in his Balzan Lecture and in his book Justice for Hedgehogs, that one must first arrive at the correct abstract theory of value and then use it to answer ethical, political, and legal questions of a practical nature. It compares this with the use of case-based reasoning, considering the metaphysical presuppositions of these two methods and what they imply about possible conflicts between values. The chapter presents responses to Dworkin’s substantive and methodological claims, including Dworkin’s view that the right to have control over one’s body is grounded by the Principle of Dignity, part of which states that one has a responsibility to live well and make a success of one’s life.
Neuroscience, Psychology, and Moral Reasoning
Authors: Kamm F.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers work in neuroscience that, using data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, purports to show that consequentialist moral reasoning is more likely to produce correct moral judgments than moral reasoning involving some deontological distinctions. An objection of Selim Berker’s as well as the criticism that deontological distinctions are responses to a morally irrelevant personal factor are considered. Next, the chapter takes up the question of whether the psychological and neuroscientific data on the Trolley Problem reveal consequentialist responses (or cognitive processing associated with them) or whether such data is consistent with a form of nonconsequentialist response that involves a prerogative to promote the greater good. And finally, the chapter raises new doubts about the possibility of deriving normative conclusions from neuroscientific data by considering what we would think if we were confronted with certain hypothetical experimental data.
Migration-Development Regimes
Authors: Agarwala Rina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 explains the book’s methodological approach and analytical framework of Migration-Development Regimes. To do so, it draws on the global literature on migration to identify four sets of forces and actors that shape sending-state emigration practices. The first highlights the power of northern-imposed development ideologies/norms, particularly neoliberal globalization. The second exposes how, at certain moments, sending states act as agents in and for themselves—striving to ensure domestic material accumulation, political legitimacy, and material redistribution at the global level. The third reminds us how poor and elite emigrants, as well as their transnational organizations, sometimes resist and reshape sending state emigration practices. The final emphasizes the role of history. Building on this global migration literature, this chapter explains the MDR framework. MDRs are defined as the full set of emigration practices and policies that enable sending countries to ensure domestic capital accumulation as well as their own political legitimacy at the global and domestic levels. MDRs enable us to capture the multiple forces shaping sending states’ class-based emigration, expose the contingent nature of emigration practices, and compare sending states’ emigration regimes across time.
The Nationalist MDR (1947–77)
Authors: Agarwala Rina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 details the rise and fall of India’s first postcolonial MDR. The Nationalist MDR (1947–77) retained much of the Coolie MDR’s class-based regulatory infrastructure but instituted a new development model defined by the nation’s new geographic boundaries. To maintain its domestic image as a protector of vulnerable Indians and its global image as a self-sufficient nation, the new Indian state extended a paternalist brand of protection over its poor workers by legally forbidding their emigration. In doing so, the state legitimized its control over poor Indians and ensured their availability to serve India’s domestic industrialization. At the same time, the state permitted elites to emigrate. To secure political legitimacy for this class-based distinction, the state distanced elite emigrants (at least in public) from its development agenda. This approach, however, had important and unintended consequences. First, it broke the cross-class solidarity among emigrants that had arisen to resist the Coolie MDR. Second, it bred new resentments. The state’s promises to protect the poor, while laudable, failed to deliver and thus mobilized poor workers to demand the liberalization of their emigration. The state’s dismissive stance toward elite emigrants mobilized them to join India’s anti-Emergency movement to fight for global democracy and the downfall of India’s ruling party and the Nationalist MDR. This chapter thus exposes how both elite and poor Indians were instrumental in fomenting India’s subsequent and contemporary MDR.
Vulnerabilities in the CEO MDR and a Future Trajectory
Authors: Agarwala Rina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores the future prospects of the CEO MDR by underscoring its contradictions and emerging weaknesses. First, the promise of entrepreneurship has (unsurprisingly) failed to uplift most poor emigrants. State welfare programs for emigrants have also failed to deliver. Second, given most private recruiters’ class position as small and medium-size entrepreneurs, their current discontent exposes a fallacy in the CEO MDR’s claims to promote this very line of labor. Third, elite emigrants’ call for privatization and their underlying distrust of the government’s ability to deliver on development is fomenting fault lines in their relationship with Indian NGOs and the Indian state. If history is any guide, the CEO MDR will eventually fall. This chapter thus explores the potential for the CEO MDR’s weaknesses to mobilize resistance.
Patristic Era
Authors: Keys Mary M. , Mitchell Colleen E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Augustine is often understood to be indifferent to forms of regime or constitutional order in this world, so long as the public power wielded by rulers and institutions does not compel the performance of unjust or impious deeds. This chapter argues that Augustine’s masterwork The City of God identifies and upholds certain attributes of what we would term a just constitutional polity, identifying nonnegotiable traits of a decent political-legal order as understood by this influential author of the patristic era. The analysis embarks from a close reading of the chapter of The City of God most often cited as evidence of Augustine’s political and constitutional indifference: chapter 17 of book 5. The features of Augustine’s constitutionalism that this reading indicates include wide access to citizenship; laws, institutions, and social mores conducing to the common good and endeavoring to provide all citizens with equitable shares of public goods; and a basis for these two provisos and others in the consent of the people and their governors rather than in external coercion.
Middle Ages
Authors: Helmholz R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the elements of the medieval canon law that the author describes as “half steps” toward constitutionalism. The latter term is understood in two ways. It means both the recognition of a superior law that limits the exercise of governmental power and a mandatory division of the legitimate power that does exist between different parts of the government. After taking note of the existence of the papal monarchy and describing the hold its hierarchical character has had on most modern accounts of the medieval church’s law, the chapter discusses the countervailing factors that existed under that law. It investigates three: first, the existence within the canonical texts of strong moral principles that limited the exercise of power; second, the normative attitudes of medieval canonists brought to the interpretation of these texts; and third, the practical circumstances that lay behind the division and exercise of power within the medieval church’s legal system. Examples of each of these “half steps” toward modern constitutionalism are given and discussed.
Modernity
Authors: Lockwood O’Donovan Joan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The neglected public theology of the English Reformation provides contemporary Christian theologians, ethicists, and political theorists with critical and constructive resources to understand and to overcome the interconnected forms of freedom and domination in late modern political societies that have been shaped, and continue to be shaped, by the liberal contractarian tradition of natural rights. These Reformation resources illuminate the symbiotic relationship between the contemporary quest of self-owning individuals to maximize and protect their freedom of self-disposal by means of scientific technology and the political/legal instrument of constitutional rights, and their subjection to an increasingly manipulative, legalistic, and juridical social and political culture. To extricate current political and legal theory and practice from the distortions arising out of the legacy of liberal natural rights, theologians and others may profitably draw on the theocentric, Christocentric, and ecclesiological treatment of ethics in English Reformation theology, underpinning an account of public justice and law more adequately protective of individual and communal freedom.
Democracy
Authors: Ekins Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws on the Christian tradition of political thought and practice to explore and elaborate the constitutional significance of self-government. It begins by noting the tradition’s grasp of what it is to rule and to be ruled, central to which is the idea of kingship. Reflecting on the conditions under which God raises up and casts down authorities, the chapter argues that the social fact of who the people are willing to support is relevant to the location of authority. Rulers have reasons to share authority and to create representative assemblies, the promise of which is only likely to be realized in circumstances where a people recognizes itself as sharing a common good. Like any other ruler, a free people is subject to God and reason. However, self-governing peoples are well placed to decide for themselves what should be done, a freedom that human rights law and supranational institutions may wrongly undercut. The chapter aims to explain how, why, and to what extent those who seek first the kingdom of heaven should value self-government.
Federalism
Authors: Aroney Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Federal forms of government have a lineage reaching deep into the Middle Ages and classical antiquity. Federalism also has an important historical relationship with Christianity, especially Reformed Christianity. The story of the development of federalism runs in three intermingling streams. The first of these streams is legal and is particularly concerned with the institution of the international treaty. The second stream is political and particularly concerns the institution of the confederation. The third stream is religious and particularly concerns the institution of the covenant. This chapter offers an archaeology of federalism based on an investigation of each of these three streams. As will be seen, the three streams intermingle so much that they often become virtually indistinguishable, for federalism is simultaneously a profoundly legal, political, and religious phenomenon.
Revelation
Authors: VanDrunen David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: The doctrine of divine revelation shapes a Christian approach to constitutionalism. Christianity holds that the living God reveals himself, in nature and especially through scripture. A central theme of scripture is covenant, which provides a matrix for biblical hermeneutics. Among the biblical covenants, the Noahic covenant is the most important for considering constitutionalism from a Christian perspective. Through this covenant, God has entered a relationship with all contemporary political communities and thus holds their civil authorities accountable for securing justice, as understood through the natural law. Government officials and institutions may be legitimate, but none of them is truly sovereign. The later biblical covenants confirm this great concern of constitutionalism, especially by pointing believers to an everlasting and ultimate political community. This Christian covenantal approach to constitutionalism offers qualified support to liberalism, understood not as a worldview but as a polity.