bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking putting green organic matter in eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Linde Douglas T. , Mitchell Andrew D. , Hannan Brendan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite significant changes in sand introduction to putting greens the past 15 years, putting greens in eastern Pennsylvania are still vulnerable to excessive levels of organic matter (OM) which can lead to catastrophic turf loss. The objective was to benchmark current trends in OM and sand introduction on putting greens in eastern Pennsylvania along with N rate, core aeration frequency, soil moisture, firmness, trueness, budget, percentage bentgrass cover and construction method. From 74 courses, 221 greens were sampled for %OM at four depths. The average %OM in the top 0 to 1 inches was 2.8% and ranged from 0.6 to 10.8%, while the average in the 1‐to‐2‐inch depth was 1.8% (0.5–5.9% range). The average sand introduction rate was 15 ft3 sand 1,000 ft–2 yr–1 (range = 1–67) and the average N rate was 2.4 lb N 1,000 ft–2 yr–1 (range = 0.5–4.5). Seventy percent of greens were cored aerated two times per year. Correlations were weak between %OM in the 0‐to‐1‐inch depth and sand rate (r = –.33), N rate (–0.11), and core aeration frequency (–0.18). These weak correlations were surprising and counterintuitive yet not uncommon for a benchmarking study of this nature. Higher budget courses do more sand introduction and core aeration and have greens that are truer, drier, firmer, lower in OM and use less N than lower budget courses. Superintendents can compare their greens to others in similar categories and use the results to help justify more resources and/or maintenance practices.
Visible‐Light‐Initiated Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐coupling by PPh3 Uncaging from an Azobenzene Ruthenium–Arene Complex
Authors: Rocard Lou , Hannedouche Jérôme , Bogliotti Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhoto‐release of triphenylphosphine from a sulfonamide azobenzene ruthenium–arene complex was exploited to activate PdIICl2 into Pd0 catalyst, for the photo‐initiation of Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The transformation was initiated on demand – by using simple white LED strip lights – with a high temporal response and the ability to control reaction rate by changing the irradiation time. Various substrates were successfully applied to this photo‐initiated cross‐coupling, thus illustrating the wide functional‐group tolerance of our photo‐caged catalyst activator, without any need for sophisticated photochemistry apparatus.
A comprehensive review on the flow behaviour in shale gas reservoirs: Multi‐scale, multi‐phase, and multi‐physics
Authors: Feng Dong , Chen Zhangxin , Wu Keliu , Li Jing , Dong Xiaohu , Peng Yan , Jia Xinfeng , Li Xiangfang , Wang Dinghan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn accurate description of fluid flow is critical for the prediction of the productivity of shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, we present the current advances and a systematic summary on the fluid flow in shale gas reservoirs. First, shale pore structures, consisting of organic pores and inorganic pores ranging from nanoscale to micro‐scale, and reservoir fluids, including free gas, absorbed gas, and water, are systematically presented. Thereafter, multi‐physics flow phenomena motivated by scale effects, such as continuum flow, slip flow, transition flow, free molecular flow, and surface diffusion for gas, as well as the effective viscosity and slip boundary condition for water, are carefully summarized. Meanwhile, these flow mechanisms are discussed with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and theoretical analysis. Subsequently, on the basis of upscaling approaches, including capillary bundle models, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and pore network models (PNMs), fluid flow through heterogeneous shale matrix is reviewed and the influences of scale effects and pore structures are clarified. Additionally, shale gas well performance is discussed by combining the multiple transport mechanisms and a fracturing‐shut‐in‐flowback‐production process. Our review concluded that the fluid flow behaviour in shale gas reservoirs is a complex multi‐scale process accompanied by multi‐physical phenomena and multi‐fluid distributions. Keeping this in mind is helpful for predicting the shale gas production and recoverable gas resources. We expect this study can not only help by providing a better understanding of the fluid flow in shale reservoirs but also provide significant implications to address other multiphase flow processes.
Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Modulation of Aromatic Carbonyls and Multi‐Component Systems
Authors: Ren Chunguang , Wang Zhengshuo , Wang Tianjie , Guo Jiayi , Dai Yifeng , Yuan Hua , Tan Yeqiang 
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive SummaryAromatic carbonyls have evoked sustained attention in the field of room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The introduction of carbonyl groups is a general way to achieve RTP for their effective intersystem crossing (ISC) by improving spin‐orbit coupling (SOC). With further molecular design and processing strategies, aromatic carbonyls materials with multi‐functional and high efficiency ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) can be obtained. This review summarizes the mechanism of aromatic carbonyls with UOP in pure aromatic carbonyls and their multi‐component systems. Some detailed strategies for improving UOP performance are further introduced. The summary and outlook are presented to expound on the advances and lack of aromatic carbonyls. Further development directions and requirements are also put forward.
Pilot‐Scale Study on Salt Separation of Industrial High‐Salt Wastewater Based on Nanofiltration
Authors: Liu Dan , Liu Qiongqiong , Fu Xujin , Li Hui , Zhou Bin , Xu Weijie , Chai Man 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo explore the effect of nanofiltration on salt separation in high‐salt wastewater, a pilot plant of nanofiltration combined with a “sand filtration–carbon filtration–ultrafiltration–ozone” pretreatment process is designed. The water used in the pilot‐scale study is the sodium salt wastewater from a battery factory in Tianjin Binhai industrial park. Under the continuous and stable operation of the pilot plant, the key consideration is to investigate the retention rate of monovalent and divalent salt ions in high‐salt wastewater by nanofiltration membranes. The results show that the combined process has a good removal effect on pollutants in wastewater. Among them, the removal rates of conventional pollutants such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) are 97.5, 92.35, and 87.06%, respectively. The retention rate of SO42− is as high as 99.7%, but there is a negative retention phenomenon of Cl−. The main inorganic salts Na2SO4 and NaCl in high‐salt wastewater could be effectively separated. The efficiency of the combined process to remove pollutants and different salts mainly focuses on the nanofiltration part. The pretreatment has a specific removal effect on the turbidity and macromolecular organics of wastewater, reducing the pressure for the subsequent membrane process.
Inverse problems in blood flow modeling: A review
Authors: Nolte David , Bertoglio Cristóbal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMathematical and computational modeling of the cardiovascular system is increasingly providing non‐invasive alternatives to traditional invasive clinical procedures. Moreover, it has the potential for generating additional diagnostic markers. In blood flow computations, the personalization of spatially distributed (i.e., 3D) models is a key step which relies on the formulation and numerical solution of inverse problems using clinical data, typically medical images for measuring both anatomy and function of the vasculature. In the last years, the development and application of inverse methods has rapidly expanded most likely due to the increased availability of data in clinical centers and the growing interest of modelers and clinicians in collaborating. Therefore, this work aims to provide a wide and comparative overview of literature within the last decade. We review the current state of the art of inverse problems in blood flows, focusing on studies considering fully dimensional fluid and fluid–solid models. The relevant physical models and hemodynamic measurement techniques are introduced, followed by a survey of mathematical data assimilation approaches used to solve different kinds of inverse problems, namely state and parameter estimation. An exhaustive discussion of the literature of the last decade is presented, structured by types of problems, models and available data.
Thermal ablation effects on rotors that characterize functional re‐entry cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Dantas Eber , Orlande Helcio R. B. , Dulikravich George S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermal ablation is a well‐established successful treatment for cardiac arrhythmia, but it still presents limitations that require further studies and developments. In the rotor‐driven functional re‐entry arrhythmia, tissue heterogeneity results on the generation of spiral/scroll waves and wave break dynamics that may cause dangerous sustainable fibrillation. The selection of the target region to perform thermal ablation to mitigate this type of arrhythmia is challenging, since it considerably affects the local electrophysiology dynamics. This work deals with the numerical simulation of the thermal ablation of a cardiac muscle tissue and its effects on the dynamics of rotor‐driven functional re‐entry arrhythmia. A non‐homogeneous two‐dimensional rectangular region is used in the present numerical analysis, where radiofrequency ablation is performed. The electrophysiology problem for the propagation of the action potential in the cardiac tissue is simulated with the Fenton–Karma model. Thermal damage caused to the tissue by the radiofrequency heating is modeled by the Arrhenius equation. The effects of size and position of a heterogeneous region in the original muscle tissue were first analyzed, in order to verify the possible existence of the functional re‐entry arrhythmia during the time period considered in the simulations. For each case that exhibited re‐entry arrhythmia, six different ablation procedures were analyzed, depending on the position of the radiofrequency electrode and heating time. The obtained results revealed the effects of different model parameters on the existence and possible mitigation of the functional re‐entry arrhythmia.
Color identification method for fashion runway images: An experimental study
Authors: Dai Yuqian , Chen Yuyilan , Gu Wen , Tan Yini , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFashion runway images are one of the most important sources for color research. In this study, an experimental study was conducted to develop the optimal color identification method for fashion images under uncertain conditions. For this purpose, five different experimental schemes were designed for comparison. Experts' visual assessment, PANTONE Color Palettes Generator (PCPG), and K‐means method are the existing methods. Experts' visual assessment combined with PCPG and experts' visual assessment combined with K‐means method are the new method developed in this study. The color measuring instrument extracted the color of the standard sample by the actual clothing. Five methods extracted the color of the contrast sample from the clothing image, and the color difference was calculated. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel and the statistical program SPSS23.0. Descriptive analyses, One‐way ANOVA and least‐significant difference multiple comparisons analysis were conducted to analyze the color difference data. The results of data analysis showed that experts' visual assessment combined with K‐means method was the most accurate method with ΔE*ab 1.41–4.58, mean <4, and SD <1. The experimental results were verified and the accurate method was stable. These results are of great importance for the research of fashion colors. They help to improve the accuracy of fashion color database.
Assessing the potential for demographic restoration and assisted evolution to build climate resilience in coral reefs
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B. , McManus Lisa C. , Schindler Daniel E. , Pinsky Malin L. , Colton Madhavi A. , Fox Helen E. , Tekwa E. W. , Palumbi Stephen R. , Essington Timothy E. , Webster Michael M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterest is growing in developing conservation strategies to restore and maintain coral reef ecosystems in the face of mounting anthropogenic stressors, particularly climate warming and associated mass bleaching events. One such approach is to propagate coral colonies ex situ and transplant them to degraded reef areas to augment habitat for reef‐dependent fauna, prevent colonization from spatial competitors, and enhance coral reproductive output. In addition to such “demographic restoration” efforts, manipulating the thermal tolerance of outplanted colonies through assisted relocation, selective breeding, or genetic engineering is being considered for enhancing rates of evolutionary adaptation to warming. Although research into such “assisted evolution” strategies has been growing, their expected performance remains unclear. We evaluated the potential outcomes of demographic restoration and assisted evolution in climate change scenarios using an eco‐evolutionary simulation model. We found that supplementing reefs with pre‐existing genotypes (demographic restoration) offers little climate resilience benefits unless input levels are large and maintained for centuries. Supplementation with thermally resistant colonies was successful at improving coral cover at lower input levels, but only if maintained for at least a century. Overall, we found that, although demographic restoration and assisted evolution have the potential to improve long‐term coral cover, both approaches had a limited impact in preventing severe declines under climate change scenarios. Conversely, with sufficient natural genetic variance and time, corals could readily adapt to warming temperatures, suggesting that restoration approaches focused on building genetic variance may outperform those based solely on introducing heat‐tolerant genotypes.
An aggressive nonconsumptive effect mediates pest control and multipredator interactions in a coffee agroecosystem
Authors: Morris Jonathan R. , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural pest control is an alternative to pesticide use in agriculture, and may help to curb insect declines and promote crop production. Nonconsumptive interactions in natural pest control that historically have received far less attention than consumptive interactions, may have distinct impacts on pest damage suppression and may also mediate positive multipredator interactions. Additionally, when nonconsumptive effects are driven by natural enemy aggression, variation in alternative resources for enemies may impact the strength of pest control. Here we study control of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, by a keystone arboreal ant species, Azteca sericeasur, which exhibits a nonconsumptive effect on CBB by throwing them off coffee plants. We conducted two experiments to investigate: (1) if the strength of this behavior is driven by spatial or temporal variability in scale insect density (an alternative resource that Azteca tends for honeydew), (2) if this behavior mediates positive interactions between Azteca and other ground‐foraging ants, and (3) the effect this behavior has on the overall suppression of CBB damage in multipredator scenarios. Our behavioral experiment showed that nearly all interactions between Azteca and CBB are nonconsumptive and that this behavior occurs more frequently in the dry season and with higher densities of scale insects on coffee branches. Our multipredator experiment revealed that borers thrown off coffee plants by Azteca can survive and potentially damage other nearby plants but may be suppressed by ground‐foraging ants. Although we found no non‐additive effects between Azteca and ground‐foraging ants on overall CBB damage, together, both species resulted in the lowest level of plant damage with the subsequent reduction in “spillover” damage caused by thrown CBB, indicating spatial complementarity between predators. These results present a unique case of natural pest control, in which damage suppression is driven almost exclusively by nonconsumptive natural enemy aggression, as opposed to consumption or prey behavioral changes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the variability that may occur in nonconsumptive pest control interactions when natural enemy aggressive behavior is impacted by alternative resources, and also show how these nonconsumptive effects can mediate positive interactions between natural enemies to enhance overall crop damage reduction.
Recent advances in the biosynthesis, structure–activity relationships, formulations, pharmacology, and clinical trials of fisetin
Authors: Zhong Ruting , Farag Mohamed A. , Chen Meiwan , He Chengwei , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFisetin is one of the most popular flavonoids found in vegetables and fruits with several health benefits such as antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Biotechnology or chemosynthesis tools were used for the synthesis of fisetin and its analogs to improve their yield and efficacy. Structure activity relationships (SARs) revealed that the aromatic hydroxyl groups especially the 3,4‐dihydroxylation at ring B were crucial for fisetin biological activities, whereas substitution of several hydroxyl groups in fisetin appeared to impact its original effects. The ongoing or upcoming clinical trials containing fisetin are applied in drugs and dietary supplements. Noteworthily, fisetin has been successfully incorporated into nutraceuticals in the market. Furthermore, the delivery system of fisetin‐loaded nanocochleates showed the best bioavailability compared to other formulations. This review presents the latest research progress of fisetin on its synthesis, structure–activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, biological activities, and underlying mechanisms, bioavailability, delivery systems, and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive insight into the research and application of this valuable natural compound.
Numerical investigation of blast furnace gas and coke oven gas combustion under different O2/CO2 environments
Authors: Yi Zhengming , Zhang Chou , Hu Xuman , Lin Chaoqun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA numerical model of a 75 t/h gas‐fired boiler burning blast furnace gas (BFG) and coke oven gas (COG) was developed to study the effect of O2/CO2 conditions on the combustion characteristics, verified by comparing with the results measured in field experiments. The results showed that the ignition distance of COG was shorter than that of BFG, and COG reached the stable combustion temperature of 1000 K earlier in the condition of O2/CO2 combustion with 31% O2 than in the condition of air combustion. Under different O2/CO2 conditions, the overall temperature of gas‐fired boiler decreased. The maximum temperature of air combustion, O2/CO2 combustion with 26% O2, and O2/CO2 combustion with 31% O2 were 1867, 1678, and 1834 K, respectively. Under the condition of O2/CO2 combustion, the radiation heat transfer of mixed gas was enhanced, and the overall heat flux was obviously improved. Under the O2/CO2 condition, the overall temperature was lower than that of air combustion, but the wall heat flux increased. The NOx production decreased after the change to O2/CO2 combustion, and the NOx generation at the furnace arch decreased from 70.28 mg/m3 to 6.94 mg/m3 under the condition of O2/CO2 combustion with 26% O2. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults
Authors: He Lingbo , Wang Yini , Suolitiken Dina , Zhang Ruoxi , Liu Menghan , Hua Zhengjie , Yao Shuyan , Zou Heshan , Wang Zhao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative approach for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH), but data on adult patients are scarce. Here we present an 8‐year experience on HSCT for adult pHLH to reveal the benefits and risks in this population. A total of 29 adult pHLH patients entered this study, at a median follow‐up of 29 months (3–112 months), the 5‐year probability of survival was 60%. Six patients rejected HSCT, of whom 1 alive in complete response (CR). In 23 patients who underwent HSCT, 5‐year survival post‐HSCT overall was 73%, and in haploidentical HSCT (haplo‐HSCT) cases, 71%. Patients who achieved CR at HSCT had a better outcome than those of partial response (92% vs. 47%, p = 0.013). Neither the use of HLA mismatched donor (75% vs. 72%, p = 0.996) nor the use of donor with monoallelic mutation (74% vs. 71%, p = 0.901) affected the prognosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis status of CR at HSCT was a positive prognostic factor. We concluded that HSCT is a promising method to cure adult‐onset pHLH. Achieving CR before HSCT contributes to better outcome. Haplo‐HSCT is safe and effective for adult pHLH patients, donors with monoallelic mutations in pHLH related genes but normal cytotoxic functions are reliable.
Foresight study on online health community: The perspective of knowledge empowerment for patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Vainauskienė Vestina , Vaitkienė Rimgailė 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatient empowerment is an indispensable precondition for patients to self‐manage their disease. The article takes the position that patients are empowered for disease self‐management through patient knowledge empowerment when sharing knowledge. One of the most important instruments to successfully empower a patient to manage a chronic disease and maintain social relations, which are also a precondition for the prevention of chronic illnesses, is the possibility to access online health communities (OHCs) and participate in them. The aim of the article is to model possible development scenarios of OHCs as enablers of patient knowledge in relation to other digital health technologies (DHTs). A foresight methodology was used to achieve the goal, employing a technology scanning approach after selecting 10 foresight studies, which resulted in four future scenario models for the empowerment of patients wcith chronic diseases through digital health communities. They reveal options for the future interoperability of OHCs with other DHTs and highlight their importance and significance for the healthcare system as a technology for balancing patient self‐efficacy and social relations as well as the need to maintain and develop them.