bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After the spawn and on the hook: Sea trout Salmo trutta biophysical responses to different components of catch and release in a coastal fishery
Authors: Blyth Samuel A. , Bower Shannon D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the biophysical responses of sea run brown trout Salmo trutta to catch‐and‐release in the coastal fishery around Gotland, Sweden. It used information recorded on individual angled S. trutta (n = 162), including fight time, handling time, total air exposure time, injury, bleeding, fish length, body condition, spawning status, water temperature, hook location and difficulty of hook removal. Reflex action mortality predictors (equilibrium, operculum beats, tail grab response, body flex response and vestibular‐ocular response), tests of blood glucose and lactate, and observation of hooking injury were used to measure the relative impact of the angling event on the fish's physical state and stress experienced. The results of this study suggest low rates of post‐release mortality and generally limited stress responses to angling events, and relatively high post‐release survival supported by the recapture of many tagged S. trutta. However, a number of scenarios were identified in which stress responses are likely to be compounded and where anglers should take additional action to reduce sublethal physiological disturbances and the risk of delayed mortality. Particular care should be taken to limit cumulative total air exposure to <10 s, and to reduce handling time and risk of additional injury in angling events with extended fight times, when water temperatures >10°C, or where S. trutta show evidence of being physically compromised by injury or having recently spawned. The results also indicate the importance of using appropriately sized single hooks rather than larger treble hooks to reduce hooking injury and handling time during unhooking.
Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased freshwater fishes in Thailand
Authors: Mursalim Muhammad Fadhlullah , Budiyansah Hendri , Raharjo Hartanto Mulyo , Debnath Partho Pratim , Sakulworakan Rungnapa , Chokmangmeepisarn Putita , Yindee Jitrapa , Piasomboon Patharapol , Elayaraja Sivaramasamy , Rodkhum Channarong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), a disease caused by Aeromonas spp., is recognized as a major disease in freshwater aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of Aeromonas spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A total of 86 isolates of Aeromonas spp. were recovered from diseased freshwater fishes from 13 farms in Thailand. All isolates were identified using biochemical characteristics, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), polymerase chain reaction assays, and the gyrB gene sequence analysis. The result of MALDI‐TOF MS showed 100% (86 isolates) accuracy at genus‐level identification, and 88.4% (76 isolates) accuracy at species‐level identification. Six species of Aeromonas were confirmed through nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB gene Aeromonas veronii (72.1%), Aeromonas jandaei (11.6%), Aeromonas schubertii (9.3%), Aeromonas diversa (3.5%), Aeromonas hydrophila (2.3%), and Aeromonas punctata (1.2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for all isolates revealed resistance against amoxicillin (99%), ampicillin (98%), oxolinic acid (81.4%), oxytetracycline (77%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (24%), and enrofloxacin (21%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index varied between 0.14 and 0.86, with MAR values more than 0.2 in 99% of isolates. Furthermore, four diverse multidrug‐resistant (MDR) patterns were found among Aeromonas isolates. Our finding show that A. veronii is the most abundant species in Thai cultured freshwater fish with the highest MDR patterns.
Cyber risk management in the US banking and insurance industry: A textual and empirical analysis of determinants and value
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Schubert Madeline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we first construct a cyber risk consciousness score using a text mining algorithm, applied to annual reports of large‐ and mid‐cap US banks and insurers from 2011 to 2018. We next categorize the firms' cyber risk management based on keywords to study determinants and value‐relevance. Our results show an increasing cyber risk consciousness, regardless of the industry. In addition, for the entire sample we find that firms belonging to the banking industry, with a higher cyber risk consciousness score and a higher general risk awareness are more likely to implement cyber risk management, which also holds for both industries separately. We find the opposite in the case of profitable firms for the entire sample and the insurer subsample. Finally, we observe a significant positive relationship between cyber risk management and firm value measured by Tobin's Q for the entire sample and the subsamples of banks and insurers.
Ethical and legal balance of modern economic intelligence
Authors: Razinkina Irina , Bulatenko Mariya , Chernov Sergei , Prasolov Valeriy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgainst the background of the economic confrontation between Western countries and China, it is evident that the concept of economic intelligence is changing, manifesting itself in several planes simultaneously, and corporate confrontation moves to the level of protection of national interests. At the same time, the factors influencing the perception of corporate confrontation methods are subject to changes. The purpose of this study is to examine the current transformation of approaches to the understanding of ethical behavior in economic intelligence in the context of existing legal constraints. Based on the assumption that methods and tactics of economic intelligence are not static, the study aims to identify factors that influence their ethical perception. The study argues that the transformation of approaches to the understanding of ethical behavior and the very definition of ethical behavior in economic intelligence is directly related to the technological aspect, the transition of many business processes in the digital plane. In cyberspace, the psychological perception of wrongdoing changes significantly. Commitment to ethical behavior may naturally decrease due to the lack of personal contact between the agent of influence and the source.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: An emerging and rapidly spreading plant RNA virus that threatens tomato production worldwide
Authors: Zhang Shaokang , Griffiths Jonathan S. , Marchand Geneviève , Bernards Mark A. , Wang Aiming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control.TaxonomyTomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus.Genome and virionThe ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time.Disease symptomsLeaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits.
Symposium for Miroslav Hroch
Authors: Bakke Elisabeth , Breuilly John , Hutchinson John , Kolář Pavel , Kriel Mariana , Leerssen Joep , Malečková Jitka , Malešević Siniša , Řezník Miloš , Núñez Seixas Xosé M , Šima Karel , Storm Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwelve historians and social scientists reflect on Miroslav Hroch's contributions to the field of nationalism studies. There are essays on his pioneering comparative historical studies of ‘small nation’ national movements and his distinction between nationalism and national movements. Other essays focus on concepts such as those of protagonist, the three phases of national movements, the small nation and nationally relevant conflict of interest. A further set of essays explores how Hroch's approach can be extended beyond small nations, beyond Europe and into the contemporary period.
Whole‐genome sequencing uncovers the structural and transcriptomic landscape of hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines
Authors: Coombes Benedict , Fellers John P. , Grewal Surbhi , Rusholme‐Pilcher Rachel , Hubbart‐Edwards Stella , Yang Cai‐yun , Joynson Ryan , King Ian P. , King Julie , Hall Anthony 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWheat is a globally vital crop, but its limited genetic variation creates a challenge for breeders aiming to maintain or accelerate agricultural improvements over time. Introducing novel genes and alleles from wheat's wild relatives into the wheat breeding pool via introgression lines is an important component of overcoming this low variation but is constrained by poor genomic resolution and limited understanding of the genomic impact of introgression breeding programmes. By sequencing 17 hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines and the parent lines, we have precisely pinpointed the borders of introgressed segments, most of which occur within genes. We report a genome assembly and annotation of Am. muticum that has facilitated the identification of Am. muticum resistance genes commonly introgressed in lines resistant to stripe rust. Our analysis has identified an abundance of structural disruption and homoeologous pairing across the introgression lines, likely caused by the suppressed Ph1 locus. mRNAseq analysis of six of these introgression lines revealed that novel introgressed genes are rarely expressed and those that directly replace a wheat orthologue have a tendency towards downregulation, with no discernible compensation in the expression of homoeologous copies. This study explores the genomic impact of introgression breeding and provides a schematic that can be followed to characterize introgression lines and identify segments and candidate genes underlying the phenotype. This will facilitate more effective utilization of introgression pre‐breeding material in wheat breeding programmes.
Diagnostic outcomes from a combined Pediatric Dermatology‐Genetics clinic
Authors: Maher Maeve C. , Nopper Amy J. , Newell Brandon D. , Fleming Emily , Gannon Jennifer L. , Zhou Dihong , Horii Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultispecialty clinics can be exceedingly helpful for diagnostically challenging and clinically complicated patients. This study highlights the diagnostic outcomes of the multispecialty Pediatric Dermatology‐Genetics clinic at Children's Mercy‐Kansas City over a 5‐year period.
Environmental Policy Preferences and Economic Interests in the Nature/Agriculture and Climate/Energy Dimension in the Netherlands
Authors: Otjes Simon , Krouwel André 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe idea that citizens' support for environmental policies depends on their economic interest and the community that one lives in, has been debated extensively in the environmental attitudes literature. However, this literature has not differentiated between separate policy dimensions that concern measures that affect specific groups in different ways. This paper differentiates between a nature/agriculture dimension that divides those who prioritize the agrarian interest from those who prioritize the protection of nature and a climate/energy dimension that divides those who prioritize industrial interest from those who prioritize fighting climate change, using a new survey in the Netherlands (N = 11,327). This two‐dimensional model meets three criteria: scalability, validity, and utility. Scalability is shown by factor analysis and Mokken scaling. Validity is shown by regression analyses that show that whether one lives in a rural or an urban community predicts one's position on the nature/agriculture dimension and that one's financial security predicts one's position on the climate/energy dimension. The utility is shown by regression analyses where the two dimensions are used to predict voting behavior. The Green Party voters favor nature and climate protection, the Liberal Party voters have the opposite views, the Christian‐Democrats favor agricultural interests and the Freedom Party favor industrial interests.
AGEs–RAGE axis mediates myocardial fibrosis via activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by autophagy in heart failure
Authors: Liang Birong , Zhou Zheng , Yang Zhongqi , Liu Jing , Zhang Lu , He Jiaqi , Li Huan , Huang Yusheng , Yang Qiuye , Xian Shaoxiang , Wang Lingjun 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)–receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) axis mediate myocardial fibrosis in heart failure?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The AGEs–RAGE axis is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis through activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by autophagy in heart failure. By suppression of cardiac fibroblast activation, inhibition of the AGEs–RAGE axis attenuates cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in mice with transverse aortic constriction.
AbstractHeart failure is the end stage of cardiovascular disease and is a critical medical condition that poses an important therapeutic challenge for physicians owing to its high morbidity and mortality. Myocardial fibrosis is part of the remodelling process that occurs in heart failure. Many studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are implicated in fibrosis and autophagy, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism by which the AGEs–RAGE axis mediates activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in heart failure. We used C57BL/6J wild‐type (WT) mice to establish a model of heart failure by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). After 6 weeks of treatment, relevant indicators were detected. In mice subjected to TAC, AGEs were upregulated compared with sham‐operated mice. Inhibition of RAGE resulted in functional cardiac protection, with reduced hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice after TAC. Of note, autophagy mediated the activation of CFs that transformed to myofibroblasts and contributed to fibrosis. In vitro, CFs were obtained from neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats and treated with AGEs, bovine serum albumin and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for RAGE, in order to verify the results obtained in vivo. These results suggest that the AGEs–RAGE axis is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure through CF activation induced by autophagy. Inhibition of the AGEs–RAGE axis attenuates cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in mice with TAC by suppressing CF activation.
Are there sex differences in risk for exertional heat stroke? A translational approach
Authors: Giersch Gabrielle E. W. , Garcia Christian K. , Stachenfeld Nina S. , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Whether there are sex differences in exertional heat stroke.
What advances does it highlight?
This review utilizes a translational model between animal and human research to explore possible physical and physiological differences with respect to risk and treatment of exertional heat stroke.
AbstractExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition brought about by a combination of physical activity and heat stress and resulting in central nervous system dysfunction and organ damage. EHS impacts several hundred individuals each year ranging from military personnel, athletes, to occupational workers. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors can aid in reducing EHS across the globe. While we know there are differences between sexes in mechanisms of thermoregulation, there is currently not a clear understanding of if or how those differences impact EHS risk. The purpose of this review is to assess the current status of the literature surrounding EHS from risk factors to treatment using both animal and human models. We use a translational approach, considering both animal and human research to elucidate the possible influence of female sex hormones on temperature regulation and performance in the heat and highlight the specific areas with limited research. While more work is necessary to comprehensively understand these differences, the current research presented provides a good framework for future investigations.
Environmental conditions and mechanisms restricting microbial methanogenesis in the Miquan region of the southern Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Fu Haijiao , Li Yueguo , Su Xianbo , Yan Detian , Yang Shuguang , Wang Gang , Wang Xiaoming , Zhao Weizhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly microbial gas has been sealed in reservoirs in the Miquan region of NW China, with little or no supply of current microbial gas. To date, the environmental conditions and mechanisms restricting microbial methanogenesis are still unclear in the Miquan region. Thus, in this study, a series of gas and water samples from coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation wells and in situ coal samples were collected and analyzed to determine the potential for current microbial gas generation, the methanogenic pathways, the source of nutrients, the influence of the environmental conditions on in situ microbial communities and their methanogenesis, and the mechanisms restricting microbial methanogenesis. The gas-production simulation experiments revealed that the existing microbes in the coalbed water were less efficient at converting coal into methane under the approximate in situ conditions, which further verified that there was little or no supply of current microbial gas. The stable isotope compositions of the gas samples suggested that carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was the dominant metabolic pathway for generating CBM, whereas the methanogenic communities contained a mixture of acetoclastic and methylotrophic methanogens in local areas. The nutrients available for the microbes mainly included the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved carbon (TDOC), and the in situ dissolution of the coals was a significant source of the TDN, whereas the TDOC was mainly supplied by surface water. The microbes in the different tectonic settings were significantly controlled by different combinations of environmental factors, and there was no single environmental factor that completely dominated the spatial variability of the microbial communities. The gradual stagnation of the water environment led to an increase in salinity and a decrease in nutrients, which were likely the main factors restricting microbial methanogenesis under in situ conditions. Combined with the results of the rate-limiting stages of the anaerobic fermentation, the mechanisms restricting microbial methanogenesis can be finally determined in the Miquan region. These discoveries presented in this case study provide a significant supplement to the geological theory of CBM accumulation, and have a guiding significance for CBM development in the Miquan region.
Estimating the impact of trained midwives and upgraded health facilities on institutional delivery rates in Nigeria using a quasi-experimental study design
Authors: Grépin Karen Ann , Chukwuma Adanna , Holmlund Marcus , Vera-Hernandez Marcos , Wang Qiao , Rosa-Dias Pedro 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesStudies have shown that demand-side interventions, such as conditional cash transfers and vouchers, can increase the proportion of women giving birth in a health facility in low-income and middle-income countries, but there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of supply-side interventions. We evaluated the impact of the Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Programme Maternal and Child Health Project (SURE-P MCH) on rates of institutional delivery and antenatal care.Design, setting and participantsWe used a differences-in-differences study design that compared changes in rates of institutional delivery and antenatal care in areas that had received additional support through the SURE-P MCH programme relative to areas that did not. Data on outcomes were obtained from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey.ResultsWe found that the programme significantly increased the proportion of women giving birth in a health facility by approximately 7 percentage points (p=0.069) or approximately 10% relative to the baseline after 9 months of implementation. The programme, however, did not significantly increase the use of antenatal care.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest there could be important improvements in institutional delivery rates through greater investment in supply-side interventions.
Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study
Authors: Sohn Heeju , Aqua Jasmine Ko 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo quantify COVID-19 vulnerabilities for Californian residents by their legal immigration status and place of residence.DesignSecondary data analysis of cross-sectional population-representative survey data.DataAll adult respondents in the restricted version of the California Health Interview Survey (2015–2020, n=128 528).Outcome measureRelative Social Vulnerability Indices for COVID-19 by legal immigration status and census region across six domains: socioeconomic vulnerability; demography and disability; minority status and language barriers; high housing density; epidemiological risk; and access to care.ResultsUndocumented immigrants living in Southern California’s urban areas (Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego-Imperial) have exceptionally high vulnerabilities due to low socioeconomic status, high language barriers, high housing density and low access to care. San Joaquin Valley is home to vulnerable immigrant groups and a US-born population with the highest demographic and epidemiological risk for severe COVID-19.ConclusionInterventions to mitigate public health crises must explicitly consider immigrants’ dual disadvantage from social vulnerability and exclusionary state and federal safety-net policies.