bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational Effects of Regioisomeric Substitution on the Catalytic Activity of Copper/Calix[8]arene C−S Coupling
Authors: Berlanga‐Vázquez Armando , Talmazan Radu A. , Reyes‐Mata Carlos A. , Percástegui Edmundo G. , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Podewitz Maren , Castillo Ivan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFunctionalization of the phenolic rim of p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene with phenanthroline to create a cavity leads to formation of two regioisomers. Substitution of positions 1 and 5 produces the known C2v‐symmetric regioisomer 1,5‐(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroyl)‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene (L1,5), while substitution of positions 1 and 4 produces the Cs‐symmetric regioisomer 1,4‐(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroyl)‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene (L1,4) described herein. [Cu(L1,4)I] was synthesized from L1,4 and CuI in good yield and characterized spectroscopically. To evaluate the effect of its cavity on catalysis, Ullmann‐type C−S coupling was chosen as proof‐of‐concept. Selected aryl halides were used, and the results compared with the previously reported Cu(I)/L1,5 system. Only highly activated aryl halides generate the C−S coupling product in moderate yields with the Cu(I)/L1,4 system. To shed light on these observations, detailed computational investigations were carried out, revealing the influence of the calix[8]arene macrocyclic morphology on the accessible conformations. The L1,4 regioisomer undergoes a deformation that does not occur with L1,5, resulting in an exposed catalytic center, presumably the cause of the low activity of the former system. The 1,4‐connectivity was confirmed in the solid‐state structure of the byproduct [Cu(L1,4−H)(CH3CN)2] that features Cu(I) coordinated inside a cleft defined by the macrocyclic framework.
Investigation of low heat rejection diesel engine run on N,N′‐diphenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine antioxidant doped Jatropha methyl ester‐diesel blend
Authors: Pandey Krishna Kumar , Sivalingam Murugan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines help increase engine performance and reduce engine emissions, but they increase air‐polluting nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Different types of antioxidants or additives can be added to fuels to reduce NOx emissions and improve engine performance. In this investigation, N,N′‐diphenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (DPPD) is used as an antioxidant. Different concentrations of DPPD namely, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm are mixed with Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME)‐diesel blend (JME20), and the fuels are tested in an engine fitted with a TBC piston. The piston crown is coated using a mixture of Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and cerium oxide (CeO2) with a coating thickness of 0.3 mm. The novelty of this research work is the comprehensive assessment of the engine characteristics of an LHR diesel engine run on a synthetic antioxidant‐doped biodiesel‐diesel blend. Results indicate that the peak heat release rate (HRR) and the peak cylinder pressure are lesser by about 5.6% and 5.1% for JME20B4, respectively, at maximum engine load, in the coated engine (CE). The nitric oxide (NO), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced by about 6.5%, 17.4%, and 34.6%, respectively, at full load for the JME20B4 fueled LHR diesel engine. Smoke opacity decreases up to 15.3% in the coated diesel engine fueled with JME20B4 at full load.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements for phenotyping seizures and epilepsy in rodent models. A report of the TASK3‐WG1C: Phenotyping working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational task force
Authors: Barker‐Haliski Melissa , Pitsch Julika , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Köhling Rüdiger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. The underlying mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy across various syndromes lead to diverse clinical presentation and features. Similarly, animal models of epilepsy arise from numerous dissimilar inciting events. Preclinical seizure and epilepsy models can be evoked through many different protocols, leaving the phenotypic reporting subject to diverse interpretations. Serendipity can also play an outsized role in uncovering novel drivers of seizures or epilepsy, with some investigators even stumbling into epilepsy research because of a new genetic cross or unintentional drug effect. The heightened emphasis on rigor and reproducibility in preclinical research, including that which is conducted for epilepsy, underscores the need for standardized phenotyping strategies. To address this goal as part of the TASK3‐WG1C Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Joint Translational Task Force, we developed a case report form (CRF) to describe the common data elements (CDEs) necessary for the phenotyping of seizure‐like behaviors in rodents. This companion manuscript describes the use of the proposed CDEs and CRF for the visual, behavioral phenotyping of seizure‐like behaviors. These phenotyping CDEs and accompanying CRF can be used in parallel with video‐electroencephalography (EEG) studies or as a first visual screen to determine whether a model manifests seizure‐like behaviors before utilizing more specialized diagnostic tests, like video‐EEG. Systematic logging of seizure‐like behaviors may help identify models that could benefit from more specialized diagnostic tests to determine whether these are epileptic seizures, such as video‐EEG.
Prevalence of epilepsy in the rural area of the Bolivian Gran Chaco: Usefulness of telemedicine and impact of awareness campaigns
Authors: Todaro Valeria , Giuliano Loretta , Cicero Calogero Edoardo , Spina Ludovica , Colli Chiara , Cuellar Senovia , Cosmi Francesco , Vilte Estela , Bartoloni Alessandro , Crespo Gómez Elizabeth Blanca , Nicoletti Alessandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy with Tonic–Clonic (TC) seizures in rural areas of the Bolivian Gran Chaco and to evaluate the usefulness of telemedicine in this context.MethodsThe study was carried out in the Isozo Area, southern‐eastern Bolivia. Twenty‐five rural communities with a population of 8258 inhabitants were included in the survey. Trained community‐health workers administered a validated single screening question to the householders (stage I). A second face‐to‐face questionnaire was administered to each positive subject (stage II). At stage II subjects were also screened using the smartphone app “Epilepsy Diagnosis Aid”. Subjects screened positive at stage II underwent a complete neurological examination to confirm the diagnosis (stage III). Due to the COVID‐19 lockdown, some subjects have been evaluated through a digital platform (Zoom®).ResultsOne‐thousand two‐hundred and thirteen interviews were performed at stage I, corresponding to a total screened population of 6692 inhabitants. Thirty‐eight screened positive were identified at stage I and II and of these, 28 people with epilepsy were identified, giving an overall prevalence of 4.2/1000 (95% CI 2.6–5.7). Prevalence rate steeply increased with age reaching a peak of 7.9/1000 in the population aged 20–29 years without significant differences between women and men. For almost 50% of the screened positive subjects, confirmation of epilepsy by a neurologist at stage III was achieved through simple videoconsultation. After a simultaneous awareness campaign, 22 self‐reported PWE requested a consultation and, among them, 11 had a diagnosis of epilepsy confirmed.SignificanceThis study shows a prevalence estimate close to those reported for LMIC. Simple videoconsultation and specific apps may be valuable tools in epidemiological research. Awareness campaigns are important allies for a full case identification, particularly in contexts where higher rates of stigma are recorded.
Longitudinal hippocampal diffusion‐weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry demonstrate regional abnormalities which are stable and predict subfield pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Adel Seyed Amir Ali , Treit Sarah , Abd Wahab Wasan , Little Graham , Schmitt Laura , Wilman Alan H. , Beaulieu Christian , Gross Donald W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐resolution (1 mm isotropic) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the hippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients has shown patterns of hippocampal subfield diffusion abnormalities, which were consistent with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) subtype on surgical histology. The objectives of this longitudinal imaging study were to determine the stability of focal hippocampus diffusion changes over time in TLE patients, compare diffusion and quantitative T2 abnormalities of the sclerotic hippocampus, and correlate presurgical mean diffusivity (MD) and T2 maps with postsurgical histology.MethodsNineteen TLE patients and 19 controls underwent two high‐resolution (1 mm isotropic) DTI and 1.1 × 1.1 × 1 mm3 T2 relaxometry scans (in a subset of 16 TLE patients and 9 controls) of the hippocampus at 3T, with a 2.6 ± 0.8 year inter‐scan interval. Within‐participant hippocampal volume, MD and T2 were compared between the scans. Contralateral hippocampal changes 2.3 ± 1.0 years after surgery and ipsilateral preoperative MD maps versus postoperative subfield histopathology were evaluated in eight patients who underwent surgical resection of the hippocampus.ResultsReduced volume and elevated MD and T2 of sclerotic hippocampi remained unchanged between longitudinal scans. Focal regions of elevated MD and T2 in bilateral hippocampi of HS TLE were detected consistently at both scans. Regions of high MD and T2 correlated and remained consistent over time. Volume, MD, and T2 remained unchanged in postoperative contralateral hippocampus. Regional elevations of MD identified subfield neuron loss on postsurgical histology with 88% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Focal T2 elevations identified subfield neuron loss with 75% sensitivity and 88% specificity.SignificanceDiffusion and T2 abnormalities in ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi remained unchanged between the scans suggesting permanent microstructural alterations. MD and T2 demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity to detect hippocampal subfield neuron loss on postsurgical histology, supporting the potential that high‐resolution hippocampal DTI and T2 could be used to diagnose HS subtype before surgery.
Facile fabrication of metal‐organic frameworks with peroxidase‐like activity for the colorimetric detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
Authors: Shi Yiheng , Sun Yuhan , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (A. acidoterrestris), a kind of spore‐forming bacterium, could causes spoilage of fruit juices, which results in pecuniary losses to the industry. Unfortunately, the conventional methods used to identify this bacterium are laborious and complex. In this work, copper‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Cu‐MOFs) with intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity were fabricated by a self‐assembly method. Based on the properties of Cu‐MOFs, a colorimetric assay was developed for the detection of guaiacol, a characteristic metabolite of A. acidoterrestris and chromogenic substrate of peroxidase. Under optimal conditions, an excellent linear relationship was achieved over a range of guaiacol (0.01–0.4 mM), with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.003 mM. This biosensor also showed a satisfactory sensing performance towards guaiacol, allowing the identification of A. acidoterrestris with high selectivity in a real sample. This present study provides a new perspective for the exploration of more sensitive and convenient methods for A. acidoterrestris detection.
Using X‐ray fluorescence to examine ancient Maya granite ground stone in Belize
Authors: Tibbits Tawny L. B. , Peuramaki‐Brown Meaghan M. , Brouwer Burg Marieka , Tibbits Matthew A. , Harrison‐Buck Eleanor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile ubiquitous among ancient Maya sites in Mesoamerica, archaeological analysts frequently overlook the interpretive potential of ground stone tools. The ancient Maya often made these heavy, bulky tools of coarse‐grained, heterogeneous materials that are difficult to chemically source, unlike obsidian. This paper describes an application of handheld, energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) to provenance ground stone artifacts (tools and architectural blocks) composed of granite: a nonhomogenous, phaneritic stone. We present a multicomponent methodology that independently tested whole‐rock, thin‐sectioned, and powdered samples by petrographic microscope, conventional, lab‐based XRF, and portable XRF units, which yielded comparable results. After establishing distinct geochemical signatures for the three geographically restricted granite plutons in Belize, we devised a field‐based XRF application on a whole rock that could replicate the compositional readings of lab‐based XRF on powdered materials with sufficient accuracy and reliability. We applied this multishot XRF technique to granite ground stone items from a range of ancient Maya sites throughout Belize; we discuss two specific case studies herein. Our results underscore the widespread potential of multishot XRF applications for determining the provenance of coarse‐grained, heterogeneous rock materials. These results can help push the boundaries from one‐dimensional, functional explanations of ground stone items to their social and ideological dimensions, alongside deeper understandings of granite resource management.
Structural brain network lateralization across childhood and adolescence
Authors: Craig Brandon T. , Geeraert Bryce , Kinney‐Lang Eli , Hilderley Alicia J. , Yeates Keith O. , Kirton Adam , Noel Melanie , MacMaster Frank P. , Bray Signe , Barlow Karen M. , Brooks Brian L. , Lebel Catherine , Carlson Helen L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevelopmental lateralization of brain function is imperative for behavioral specialization, yet few studies have investigated differences between hemispheres in structural connectivity patterns, especially over the course of development. The present study compares the lateralization of structural connectivity patterns, or topology, across children, adolescents, and young adults. We applied a graph theory approach to quantify key topological metrics in each hemisphere including efficiency of information transfer between regions (global efficiency), clustering of connections between regions (clustering coefficient [CC]), presence of hub‐nodes (betweenness centrality [BC]), and connectivity between nodes of high and low complexity (hierarchical complexity [HC]) and investigated changes in these metrics during development. Further, we investigated BC and CC in seven functionally defined networks. Our cross‐sectional study consisted of 211 participants between the ages of 6 and 21 years with 93% being right‐handed and 51% female. Global efficiency, HC, and CC demonstrated a leftward lateralization, compared to a rightward lateralization of BC. The sensorimotor, default mode, salience, and language networks showed a leftward asymmetry of CC. BC was only lateralized in the salience (right lateralized) and dorsal attention (left lateralized) networks. Only a small number of metrics were associated with age, suggesting that topological organization may stay relatively constant throughout school‐age development, despite known underlying changes in white matter properties. Unlike many other imaging biomarkers of brain development, our study suggests topological lateralization is consistent across age, highlighting potential nonlinear mechanisms underlying developmental specialization.
Sexual violence, mental health, and suicidality—Results from a survey in cooperation with idea‐driven organizations and their social media platform followers
Authors: Carlsson Axel C. , Owen Ulrika , Rajan Gita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsWe specifically aimed to study if individuals who have been subjected to sexual violence more frequently report psychiatric diagnoses and suicide attempts. We also aimed to investigate if individuals who had been sexually violated reported more or less childhood experiences of family environment with alcohol problems, suicide attempts, and domestic violence than those without sexual violations.MethodsIn 2019, the nongovernment organization World of no sexual abuse (WONSA) collected data through a web‐based survey. The survey was shared via websites of idea‐driven organizations working with victims of sexual violence, on social media and through email lists. A total of 4831 individuals participated and 49% answered all questions.ResultsOf the participants exposed to penetrating sexual violence, 49% stated that they had or had been diagnosed with depression, compared with 16% in the group not exposed to sexual violence. Similar findings were found for anxiety: 45% versus 12%; fatigue syndrome 28% versus 9%; post traumatic stress disorder 30% versus <0.1% and suicide attempts, 29% versus 3%. More participants in the group exposed to sexual violence had grown up in families with alcohol problems, suicide attempts, or where they have witnessed violence.ConclusionSteps should be taken to adapt the national suicide prevention strategy to the association between sexual violence and suicide attempts, which has been so clearly demonstrated earlier in both international and national studies, and which is again shown in the present study.
Factors influencing plasma donation behavior of COVID‐19 recovered patients in Bangladesh: A pilot study
Authors: Salma Nahid , Hossain Md. Moyazzem , Yasmin Sabina , Alam Muhammad Khairul , Rimon Ahsan Rajvee , Faruque Jobaer , Ali Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has plagued our lives for more than 2 years, and the preference for convalescent plasma (CP) as a life‐saving treatment since CP has proven as a potential therapeutic option for acute COVID‐19 patients who were suffering from severe disease. It is important to identify which factors are associated with plasma donation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associated factors for CP donation to COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted online from December 21, 2021 to February 15, 2022 to identify different socio‐demographic factors and knowledge related to CP donation. People who recovered from the COVID‐19 infections and those who are willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 60 participants were included in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and factor analysis.ResultsThe analysis results confirm that 41.67% (n = 25) of the participants aged 26–30 years; among the recovered patients, only about 23% (n = 14) of the participants donated plasma. Though 97% (n = 58) of the participants agreed to donate plasma when it will be needed, however, when someone asked to donate plasma then 76.67% (n = 46) of the patients declined it. Findings depict that gender had a weak positive relationship with ever decline in plasma donation at 5% level of significance and the age of the participants inversely related to plasma donation.ConclusionAlmost all the recovered participants were willing to donate plasma, however, due to a lack of knowledge and misconception, relatively few people actually did. This study reemphasizes the importance of health education to overcome the misconception about plasma donation, which is crucial for the treatment of COVID‐19 infection.
COVID‐19 among health care workers and their impact on the health care system in a teaching hospital in Pakistan: A cross sectional observational study
Authors: Haq Faiz Ul , Rahman Saeed Ur , Imran Muhammad , Romman Muhammad , Shah Asaf , Aslam Zeenaf , Ullah Farman , Madadi Shekiba , Dino Steinmetz Carl Hermann , Cuschieri Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth care workers (HCWs) are thought to be high‐risk population for acquiring coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 emergence has had a profound effect on healthcare system. We sought to investigate the COVID‐19 among HCWs and their effects on the healthcare system.MethodsA cross sectional observational study was conducted at Timergara teaching hospital. The study included HCWs with positive real time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). The study duration was from April to September, 2020. The demographic profile of each recruited subject was collected through structured interview. The patient's admissions to hospital were collected for the 5 months before (October 2019–February 2020) and 5 months after lockdown (March–July 2020).ResultsA total of 72 out of 689 (10%) HCWs were tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, of whom 83% were front‐liners. The majority were male (72%), with comorbidities (14%) and no mortality. The structured interview of all participants showed that the healthcare setting was the major possible source of infection (97%). The patient admissions into the hospital were reduced by 42% during lockdown than prelockdown period. The patients admission was significantly decreased in the medical ward during lockdown (60% decrease; p < 0.01) with slightly similar trends in other departments.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found increased risk of COVID‐19 for front‐line HCWs. Lack of mortality was the favorable outcome. Lack of replacing the infected HCWs possibly explained the marked decrease in hospital admissions, and potential inadequate healthcare delivery during the lockdown. Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 among HCWs and their impact on health‐care system will be crucial for countries under COVID‐19 crises or in case of future pandemic to deliver proper health services.
COVID‐19 vaccination in children as a global dilemma through an ethical lens: A retrospective review
Authors: Assadi Masoud , Kiani Mehrzad , Shamsi Gooshki Ehsan , Aryanian Zeinab , Afshar Zeinab M. , Hatami Parvaneh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCOVID‐19 pandemic led to a need to rapidly vaccinate as many people as possible. Children are an important part of the population with different characteristics which vaccinating them is a matter of great importance as it should be decided considering all aspects and ethics. Here, we present different aspects of COVID vaccination in children including the potential challenges.MethodsWe searched on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus in this regard, and all of the relevant papers published until June 28, 2021 were included if we could access their full‐texts.ResultsWe found various expert opinions in this regard and tried to summarized them. Saving lives has similar ethical value as preventing evitable adverse event. Accordingly, mandating the children to receive the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine, needs risk‐benefit weighing with special consideration of ethical challenges.ConclusionConsidering the vast range of benefits resulted from pediatric vaccination both for the children and the community, implementing the program in a scientific manner and also with the least financial expenses for the families seems to be reasonable and makes it both ethical and moral.