bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling: finding novel components off the beaten track
Authors: Wong Aloysius , Bi Chuyun , Pasqualini Stefania , Gehring Chris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sesquiterpene abscisic acid (ABA) is an ancient stress response molecule. In plants, many ABA-dependent processes operate via PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor complexes, but results from several studies have suggested that not all plant responses function through this mechanism. Since the ABA-dependent processes of animals and humans also operate in the absence of such receptors, we hypothesize that plant and animal proteomes harbour proteins with undiscovered ABA-binding sites. We propose that carefully curated amino acid search motifs deduced from the binding sites of experimentally confirmed ABA-binding proteins can identify many more candidates in plant and animal proteomes. Some of these candidates show structural folds that are compatible with ABA-binding. This approach identifies plant candidates including annotated ABA downstream signaling components SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.6, and proteins involved in protein folding and RNA polyadenylation. The identified ABA-binding candidates in the human proteome affect among other processes, immune responses and tumor progression. If these candidates are eventually validated experimentally, it will imply that the regulation and tuning of ABA-dependent processes is considerably more complex than hitherto suspected. It will also help to clarify the role of this conserved signaling molecule in mammals.
Conditionally Exponential Prior in Focal Near- and Far-Field EEG Source Localization via Randomized Multiresolution Scanning (RAMUS)
Authors: Lahtinen Joonas , Koulouri Alexandra , Rezaei Atena , Pursiainen Sampsa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the inverse problem of reconstructing distributional brain activity with cortical and weakly detectable deep components in non-invasive Electroencephalography. We consider a recently introduced hybrid reconstruction strategy combining a hierarchical Bayesian model to incorporatea prioriinformation and the advanced randomized multiresolution scanning (RAMUS) source space decomposition approach to reduce modelling errors, respectively. In particular, we aim to generalize the previously extensively used conditionally Gaussian prior (CGP) formalism to achieve distributional reconstructions with higher focality. For this purpose, we introduce as a hierarchical prior, a general exponential distribution, which we refer to as conditionally exponential prior (CEP). The first-degree CEP corresponds to focality enforcing Laplace prior, but it also suffers from strong depth bias, when applied in numerical modelling, making the deep activity unrecoverable. We sample over multiple resolution levels via RAMUS to reduce this bias as it is known to depend on the resolution of the source space. Moreover, we introduce a procedure based on the physiologicala prioriknowledge of the brain activity to obtain the shape and scale parameters of the gamma hyperprior that steer the CEP. The posterior estimates are calculated using iterative statistical methods, expectation maximization and iterative alternating sequential algorithm, which we show to be algorithmically similar and to have a close resemblance to the iterative$$\ell _1$$ℓ1and$$\ell _2$$ℓ2reweighting methods. The performance of CEP is compared with the recent sampling-based dipole localization methodSequential semi-analytic Monte Carlo estimation(SESAME) in numerical experiments of simulated somatosensory evoked potentials related to the human median nerve stimulation. Our results obtained using synthetic sources suggest that a hybrid of the first-degree CEP and RAMUS can achieve an accuracy comparable to the second-degree case (CGP) while being more focal. Further, the proposed hybrid is shown to be robust to noise effects and compares well with the dipole reconstructions obtained with SESAME.
Accuracy of calculating mechanical power of ventilation by one commonly used equation
Authors: Wu Shin-Hwar , Kor Chew-Teng , Mao I.-Chieh , Chiu Chun-Ching , Lin Kai-Huang , Kuo Cheng-Deng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGattinoni’s equation, $${\text{MP}}_{{{\text{rs}}}} \, = \,0.098\, \times \,{\text{RR}}\, \times \,\left[ {{\text{V}}_{T} ^{2} \left( {\frac{1}{2}{\text{E}}_{{{\text{rs}}}} \, + \,{\text{RR}}\, \times \,\frac{{1\, + \,I:E}}{{60\, \times \,I:E}}\, \times \,{\text{R}}_{{{\text{aw}}}} } \right)\, + \,{\text{V}}_{{\text{T}}} \, \times \,{\text{PEEP}}} \right]$$

MP
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, now commonly used to calculate the mechanical power (MP) of ventilation. However, it calculates only inspiratory MP. In addition, the inclusion of PEEP in Gattinoni’s equation raises debate because PEEP does not produce net displacement or contribute to MP. Measuring the area within the pressure–volume loop accurately reflects the MP received in a whole ventilation cycle and the MP thus obtained is not influenced by PEEP. The MP of 25 invasively ventilated patients were calculated by Gattinoni’s equation and measured by integration of the areas within the pressure–volume loops of the ventilation cycles. The MP obtained from both methods were compared. The effects of PEEPs on MP were also evaluated. We found that the MP obtained from both methods were correlated by R2 = 0.75 and 0.66 at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. The biases of the two methods were 3.13 (2.03 to 4.23) J/min (P < 0.0001) and − 1.23 (− 2.22 to − 0.24) J/min (P = 0.02) at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. These P values suggested that both methods were significantly incongruent. When the tidal volume used was 6 ml/Kg, the MP by Gattinoni’s equation at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O were significantly different (4.51 vs 7.21 J/min, P < 0.001), but the MP by PV loop area was not influenced by PEEPs (6.46 vs 6.47 J/min, P = 0.331). Similar results were observed across all tidal volumes. We conclude that the Gattinoni’s equation is not accurate in calculating the MP of a whole ventilatory cycle and is significantly influenced by PEEP, which theoretically does not contribute to MP.
Stuck in experimentation: exploring practical experiences and challenges of using floating housing to climate-proof waterfront urban development in Sweden
Authors: Storbjörk Sofie , Hjerpe Mattias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith climate change already underway, cities are looking for ways to deal with its effects. To balance urban waterfront development and climate adaptation, floating housing is presented as a promising solution—however it has not been studied sufficiently. This paper explores floating housing as urban climate experimentation, targeting vision/motivation, practice and upscaling in a national context where support mechanisms and traditions are absent. Interviews with innovation entrepreneurs and municipal planners involved with planning and building floating districts show that, with one exception, the Swedish initiatives are at odds with the theoretical assumptions behind urban climate experimentation. Initiatives are neither challenge-led in terms of climate risk nor inclusive and community-based. Rather, the small-scale private entrepreneurs are pioneers in offering unique living on water as one-off innovations. While allowing experimentation, municipal planners are less convinced by the effectiveness and appropriateness of upscaling. Floating housing may contribute to local identity building and place marketing, but are riddled with implementation challenges regarding shoreline protection, privatization/accessibility, limited market interest and urban development fit. While the floating houses themselves withstand flooding, thus safeguarding individual house owners, they do not protect the land-based city with its vulnerable waterfront development patterns. Results thus suggest the limitation of floating houses in shifting development pathways and strengthening urban climate proofing.
Lyapunov Spectrum Properties and Continuity of the Lower Joint Spectral Radius
Authors: Mohammadpour Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study ergodic optimization and multifractal behavior of Lyapunov exponents for matrix cocycles. We show that the restricted variational principle holds for generic cocycles [in the sense of (Bonatti and Viana in Ergod Theory Dyn Syst 24(5):1295–1330, 2004)] over mixing subshifts of finite type. We also show that the Lyapunov spectrum is equal to the closure of the set where the entropy spectrum is positive for such cocycles. Moreover, we show the continuity of the entropy spectrum at boundary of Lyapunov spectrum in the sense that $$h_{top}(E(\alpha _{t}))\ \rightarrow h_{top}(E(\beta ({\mathcal {A}}))$$

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(
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, where $$E(\alpha )=\{x\in X: \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{n}\log \Vert {\mathcal {A}}^{n}(x)\Vert =\alpha \}$$

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, for such cocycles. We prove the continuity of the lower joint spectral radius for linear cocycles under the assumption that linear cocycles satisfy a cone condition.
Zeros of Gaussian Weyl–Heisenberg Functions and Hyperuniformity of Charge
Authors: Haimi Antti , Koliander Günther , Romero José Luis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study Gaussian random functions on the complex plane whose stochastics are invariant under the Weyl–Heisenberg group (twisted stationarity). The theory is modeled on translation invariant Gaussian entire functions, but allows for non-analytic examples, in which case winding numbers can be either positive or negative. We calculate the first intensity of zero sets of such functions, both when considered as points on the plane, or as charges according to their phase winding. In the latter case, charges are shown to be in a certain average equilibrium independently of the particular covariance structure (universal screening). We investigate the corresponding fluctuations, and show that in many cases they are suppressed at large scales (hyperuniformity). This means that universal screening is empirically observable at large scales. We also derive an asymptotic expression for the charge variance. As a main application, we obtain statistics for the zero sets of the short-time Fourier transform of complex white noise with general windows, and also prove the following uncertainty principle: the expected number of zeros per unit area is minimized, among all window functions, exactly by generalized Gaussians. Further applications include poly-entire functions such as covariant derivatives of Gaussian entire functions.
What does causality have to do with necessity?
Authors: Steward Helen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn her ‘Causality and Determination’, Anscombe argues for the strong thesis that despite centuries of philosophical assumption to the contrary, the supposition that causality and necessity have something essential to do with one another is baseless. In this paper, I assess Anscombe’s arguments and endorse her conclusion. I then attempt to argue that her arguments remain highly relevant today, despite the fact that most popular general views of causation today are firmly probabilistic in orientation and thus show no trace of the assumptions Anscombe hoped to undermine. My suggestion is that Anscombe's interests in causality are distinct from those which mostly animate the modern debate about the general nature of causality and that in those specialized areas of philosophy in which those concerns still dominate, one can still see the effects of the fallacies and confusions to which she alerts us. I conclude by offering two possible complementary explanations of the tendency to suppose that causation is a variety of necessitation.
Anti-exceptionalism about logic as tradition rejection
Authors: Martin Ben , Hjortland Ole Thomassen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile anti-exceptionalism about logic (AEL) is now a popular topic within the philosophy of logic, there’s still a lack of clarity over what the proposal amounts to. currently, it is most common to conceive of AEL as the proposal that logic iscontinuous with the sciences. Yet, as we show here, this conception of AEL is unhelpful due to both its lack of precision, and its distortion of the current debates. Rather, AEL is better understood as therejection of certain traditional propertiesof logic. The picture that results is not of one singular position, but rather a cluster of often connected positions with distinct motivations, understood in terms of their rejection of clusters of the various traditional properties. In order to show the fruitfulness of this new conception of AEL, we distinguish between two prominent versions of the position,metaphysicalandepistemologicalAEL, and show how the two positions need not stand or fall together.
Natural kinds, mind-independence, and unification principles
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere have been many attempts to determine what makes a natural kind real, chief among them is the criterion according to which natural kinds must bemind-independent. But it is difficult to specify this criterion: many supposed natural kinds have an element of mind-dependence.I will argue that the mind-independence criterion is nevertheless a good one, if correctly understood: the mind-independence criterion concerns theunification principlesfor natural kinds. Unification principles determine how natural kinds unify their properties, and only those natural kinds that have a mind-independent unification principle should be considered real.
There is overlap in letters: a mereological definition of word types
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , Smid Jeroen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClassical mereology seems unable to characterise the identity conditions of word types. For example, the same letter types ordered differently result in different word types; but mereological fusions of the same letters are identical, regardless of the order of the letters. We show, however, that by combining classical mereology with plural logic one can give a definition of word types that satisfies the identity criteria of word types. This means that it is not necessary to abandon classical mereology in order to give an analysis of the mereological structure of word types.
Contour Method with Uncertainty Quantification: A Robust and Optimised Framework via Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Tognan A. , Laurenti L. , Salvati E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the past 20 years, the Contour Method (CM) has been extensively implemented to evaluate residual stress at the macro scale, especially in products where material processing is involved. Despite this, insufficient attention has been devoted to addressing the problems of input data filtering and residual stress uncertainties quantification.

Objective
The present research aims to tackle this fundamental issue by combining Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with the CM. Thanks to its stochastic nature, GPR associates a Gaussian distribution with every subset of data, thus holding the potential to model the inherent uncertainty of the input data set and to link it to the measurements and the surface roughness.

Methods
The conventional and unrobust spline smoothing process is effectively replaced by the GPR which is capable of providing uncertainties over the fitting. Indeed, the GPR stochastically and automatically identifies the fitting parameter, thus making the experimental data post-processing practically unaffected by the user’s experience. Moreover, the final residual stress uncertainty is efficiently evaluated through an optimised Monte Carlo Finite Element simulation, by appropriately perturbing the input dataset according to the GPR predictions.

Results
The simulation is globally optimised exploiting numerical techniques, such as LU-factorisation, and developing an on-line convergence criterion. In order to show the capability of the presented approach, a Friction Stir Welded plate is considered as a case study. For this problem, it was shown how residual stress and its uncertainty can be accurately evaluated in approximately 15 minutes using a low-budget personal computer.

Conclusions
The method developed herein overcomes the key limitation of the standard spline smoothing approach and this provides a robust and optimised computational framework for routinely evaluating the residual stress and its associated uncertainty. The implications are very significant as the evaluation accuracy of the CM is now taken to a higher level.
SGLT2 inhibition attenuates arterial dysfunction and decreases vascular F-actin content and expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress in aged mice
Authors: Soares Rogerio N. , Ramirez-Perez Francisco I. , Cabral-Amador Francisco J. , Morales-Quinones Mariana , Foote Christopher A. , Ghiarone Thaysa , Sharma Neekun , Power Gavin , Smith James A. , Rector R. Scott , Martinez-Lemus Luis A. , Padilla Jaume , Manrique-Acevedo Camila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAging of the vasculature is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, two key events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treatment with sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is now known to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. However, whether SGLT2 inhibition attenuates vascular aging is unknown. We first confirmed in a cohort of adult subjects that aging is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness and that these two variables are inversely correlated. Next, we investigated whether SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin (Empa) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and reduces arterial stiffness in aged mice with confirmed vascular dysfunction. Specifically, we assessed mesenteric artery endothelial function and stiffness (via flow-mediated dilation and pressure myography mechanical responses, respectively) and aortic stiffness (in vivo via pulse wave velocity and ex vivo via atomic force microscopy) in Empa-treated (14 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and control 80-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice. We report that Empa-treated mice exhibited improved mesenteric endothelial function compared with control, in parallel with reduced mesenteric artery and aortic stiffness. Additionally, Empa-treated mice had greater vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, lower phosphorylated cofilin, and filamentous actin content, with downregulation of pathways involved in production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings demonstrate that Empa improves endothelial function and reduces arterial stiffness in a preclinical model of aging, making SGLT2 inhibition a potential therapeutic alternative to reduce the progression of CVD in older individuals.
Graphical abstract
Comparative Studies on The Efficiency of Neem Leaves Azadirachta indica and Flubendazole Treatment Against Diplectanum in Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Aly Salah M. , Abou El-gheit Sayed N. , Essam El-Din Habiba M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Diplectanum is a life-threatening metazoan infecting the gills of Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax causing a wide-ranging extensive economic loss in the aquaculture sector. This study has focused on verifying the most effective non-toxic dose of the Neem (Azadirachta indica) and (flubendazole) bath treatment on infested D. labrax fingerlings.

Methods
In the first phase of the experiment, a total of 180 apparently healthy fingerlings were subdivided into six groups for each treatment. The tested concentrations were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1 for A. indica and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg L−1 for flubendazole. The second phase was conducted for one week in five groups for each treatment. The first group was untreated healthy. The remaining groups were infested and received different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L−1 & 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L−1 for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively.

Results
The most toxic dose exhibited high mortality rates at 200 & 250 and 40 & 50 mg L−1 for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively. In the second phase of the experiment, the most effective dose was 150 and 30 mg L−1; for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively. They demonstrated the lowest mortality rates 20.00 & 20.00 %, prevalence rates 43.33 & 23.33%, and mean parasitic intensities were 2.35 & 2.00 accompanied by the highest therapeutic efficacy value 67.85 & 74.6% for both treatments; respectively.

Conclusion
The most effective anthelmintic efficacy has been assigned for flubendazole and A. indica at 30 and 150 mg L−1.
Robotic CME in obese patients: advantage of robotic ultrasound scan for vascular dissection
Authors: Maertens Vicky , Stefan Samuel , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Siddiqi Najaf , David Gerald , Khan Jim S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComplete mesocolic excision (CME) in right-sided colon cancers appears to confer oncological benefits compared to conventional colectomy. Identification of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) remains challenging. We describe the novel use of intra-operative robotic ultrasound scan (rUSS) in obese patients (BMI ≥ 29). All consecutive patients having robotic CME for colon cancer between 2014 and 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were recorded on an ethics approved prospective database and included patient demographics, clinical and oncological outcomes. Patients were divided into group 1 (BMI ≤ 28) and group 2 (BMI ≥ 29). SMV first approach was employed in all cases and SMV detection was aided using rUSS in group 2. Primary outcome was postoperative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included conversion rate, operative time and length of stay (LOS). 41 (group 1, median 66 years) were compared to 32 patients (group 2, median 63 years). There were no conversions to laparoscopy or laparotomy. Median operative times for group 2 were 30 min longer (186 vs. 216 min, p = 0.05). Overall morbidity was similar (20% vs. 19% in group 1 and 2, p = 0.26). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to LOS (median 7 vs. 6 days, p = 0.48), readmissions (2 vs. 5, p = 0.13), R0 resection rate (98% vs. 94%, p = 0.43) and lymph node harvest (median 31 vs. 30, p = 0.28).CME can be technically more challenging than conventional colectomy in obese patients and is associated with longer operative times. The use of rUSS in obese patients can help to identify SMV and allow safer dissection.
Nanoindentation of Supercrystalline Nanocomposites: Linear Relationship Between Elastic Modulus and Hardness
Authors: Yan Cong , Bor Büsra , Plunkett Alexander , Domènech Berta , Schneider Gerold A. , Giuntini Diletta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupercrystalline nanocomposites (SCNCs) are a new category of nanostructured materials, with organically functionalized nanoparticles assembled into periodic structures, reminiscent of atomic crystals. Thanks to this nanoarchitecture, SCNCs show great promise for functional applications, and understanding and controlling their mechanical properties becomes key. Nanoindentation is a powerful tool to assess the mechanical behavior of virtually any material, and it is particularly suitable for studies on nanostructured materials. While investigating SCNCs in nanoindentation, a linear proportionality has emerged between elastic modulus and hardness. This is not uncommon in nanoindentation studies, and here we compare and contrast the behavior of SCNCs with that of other material categories that share some of the key features of SCNCs: mineral-rich biocomposites (where mineral building blocks are packed into a protein-interfaced network), ultrafine grained materials (where the characteristic nano-grain sizes are analogous to those of the SCNC building blocks), and face-centered cubic atomic crystals (which share the typical SCNC periodic structure). A strong analogy emerges with biomaterials, both in terms of the hardness/elastic modulus relationship, and of the correlation between this ratio and the dissipative mechanisms occurring upon material deformation. Insights into the suitability of SCNCs as building blocks of the next-generation hierarchical materials are drawn.