bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using cumulative carbon budgets and corporate carbon disclosure to inform ambitious corporate emissions targets and long‐term mitigation pathways
Authors: Hadziosmanovic Maida , Lloyd Shannon M. , Bjørn Anders , Paquin Raymond L. , Mengis Nadine , Matthews H. Damon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith increasing pressure for climate action, commitments to setting scientifically supported emissions targets have become more common among firms. The target‐setting methods currently endorsed by the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) use emission pathways that are aligned with 1.5°C and well‐below 2°C long‐term temperature goals to inform near‐term corporate targets. However, most of these scenarios lead to a temperature overshoot, followed by a return to the temperature goal achieved via net‐negative emissions in the second half of this century. When used to inform near‐term (e.g., 2030) corporate targets, the result is a set of targets that are aligned with an overshoot of a temperature target, with no explicit long‐term commitment to using negative emissions technologies to reverse this. To decrease the risk of this misalignment with the long‐term temperature goal, we propose an alternative approach that derives corporate targets directly from the remaining global cumulative carbon budget. We illustrate this approach using global Scope 1 emissions disclosed by public firms in 2019 to estimate corporate carbon budgets and construct idealized emissions‐reduction pathways that are consistent with the remaining global carbon budget for 1.5°C and well‐below 2°C. While firms, or their sectors, may choose varying mitigation pathways aligned with either global temperature limit, consistency with remaining carbon budgets requires that any delayed mitigation action in the near term is followed by more rapid emissions reductions in subsequent years. This study emphasizes the need for a more precautionary and robust approach to corporate target setting.
Protein ubiquitination in plant peroxisomes
Authors: Akhter Delara , Zhang Yuchan , Hu Jianping , Pan Ronghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms, from growth and development to stress response. Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locations and organelles, including peroxisomes, single‐membrane and highly dynamic organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Peroxisomes contain metabolic functions essential to plants and animals such as lipid catabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), biosynthesis of vital hormones and cofactors, and photorespiration. Plant peroxisomes possess a complex proteome with functions varying among different tissue types and developmental stages, and during plant response to distinct environmental cues. However, how these diverse functions are regulated at the post‐translational level is poorly understood, especially in plants. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of the involvement of protein ubiquitination in peroxisome protein import, remodeling, pexophagy, and metabolism, focusing on plants, and referencing discoveries from other eukaryotic systems when relevant. Based on previous ubiquitinomics studies, we compiled a list of 56 ubiquitinated Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins whose functions are associated with all the major plant peroxisomal metabolic pathways. This discovery suggests a broad impact of protein ubiquitination on plant peroxisome functions, therefore substantiating the need to investigate this significant regulatory mechanism in peroxisomes at more depths.
COVID‐19 and artificial intelligence: Experts and dermatologists perspective
Authors: Goldust Yaser , Sameem Farah , Mearaj Samia , Gupta Atula , Patil Anant , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has an important role to play in future healthcare offerings. Machine learning and artificial neural networks are subsets of AI that refer to the incorporation of human intelligence into computers to think and behave like humans.ObjectiveThe objective of this review article is to discuss perspectives on the AI in relation to Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).MethodsGoogle Scholar and PubMed databases were searched to retrieve articles related to COVID‐19 and AI. The current evidence is analysed and perspectives on the usefulness of AI in COVID‐19 is discussed.ResultsThe coronavirus pandemic has rendered the entire world immobile, crashing economies, industries, and health care. Telemedicine or tele‐dermatology for dermatologists has become one of the most common solutions to tackle this crisis while adhering to social distancing for consultations. While it has not yet achieved its full potential, AI is being used to combat coronavirus disease on multiple fronts. AI has made its impact in predicting disease onset by issuing early warnings and alerts, monitoring, forecasting the spread of disease and supporting therapy. In addition, AI has helped us to build a model of a virtual protein structure and has played a role in teaching as well as social control.ConclusionFull potential of AI is yet to be realized. Expert data collection, analysis, and implementation are needed to improve this advancement.
Towards reduction of preventable hospital readmission: Older people and family members' views on planned self‐management of care at home
Authors: King Lindy , Harrington Ann , Nicholls Seth , Thornton Karleen , Tanner Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo reduce the likelihood of preventable readmissions, the aim was to investigate how older people (with their family members) managed their chronic health conditions at home following hospital discharge. The objectives explored older people and their family members' perspectives on how discharge plans assisted self‐management of their chronic conditions, their recognition of deterioration and when to seek treatment/re‐attend hospital.BackgroundChronic conditions have challenged older adults' self‐management, particularly after hospital discharge and can impact on preventable readmission. Few studies have examined patients' and their family members' perspectives on the management of their conditions at home after hospitalisation.DesignA qualitative exploratory design known as Interpretive Description was utilised.MethodsPurposeful sampling involved 27 community‐dwelling older adults; nineteen were discharged patients with one or more chronic health conditions. Eight nominated family members were also recruited to enhance understanding of the older persons' self‐management at home. Interviews were undertaken and thematic data analysis followed the COREQ guidelines.ResultsFive themes emerged: (1) Post‐Discharge Advice; (2) Managing at Home; (3) Recognition and Response to Deterioration; (4) Community Care and Support; and (5) The “Burden” on Others of Post‐Discharge Care.ConclusionOlder people sought a clear plan for self‐management at home prior to discharge. This plan should contain potential signs of deterioration and guidance on future action. We found that support given to older people from family and friends was critical to prevent readmission. In addition, their local General Practitioner and Pharmacist played an essential part in the support of their care. For some, social support services were also important. Nurse telephone follow‐up in the week following discharge was mostly absent. However, this strategy would be strongly recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceTo mitigate against preventable readmission, we recommend the above strategies to assist the older person at home with self‐management of their chronic conditions.
Multicenter retrospective evaluation of transmural migration of subcutaneous ureteral bypass devices within the digestive tract in cats
Authors: Véran Emilie , Vachon Catherine , Byron Julie , Howard James , Berent Allyson , Weisse Chick , Javard Romain , Spencer Ashley , Gradilla Sarah , Palm Carrie , Culp William , Cléroux Andréanne , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlacement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device is an effective method to relieve all causes of ureteral obstruction in cats. Complications involving migration within the gastrointestinal tract have been seldomly described.ObjectivesTo characterize transmural migration of SUB devices within the digestive tract in cats.AnimalsEleven migrated SUB catheters identified in 8 cats between 2017 and 2021.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of cats with a SUB device in which migration into the gastrointestinal tract was identified.ResultsThe median time from SUB device placement to implant migration was 928 days (201‐2298 days). Seven cats had obstruction of the SUB device and a positive urine culture at diagnosis. The migration was identified by ultrasound in 6/11, pre‐operative contrast radiography in 2/2, and only at time of surgery in 3 SUB devices. All cats underwent surgical correction. Four nephrostomy and 7 cystotomy catheters migrated. Migration occurred into the duodenum (3/11), jejunum (7/11), and colon (1/11). SUB devices were removed in 7 cats and replaced in 2 cats, with 1 cat diagnosed with 2 migration events. Gastrointestinal resection and anastomosis were performed in 7/8 cats and an enterotomy in 2 cats. Six cats survived to discharge. The median follow‐up time after migration diagnosis was 365 days (range, 0‐1114 days) and 2 cats are still alive.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough a rare complication, migration of SUB device should be considered in cats with SUB device obstruction and a positive urine culture.
Rotational thromboelastometry‐guided blood component use in cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maria Arjun , Lal Bikrant B. , Khanna Rajeev , Sood Vikrant , Mukund Amar , Bajpai Meenu , Alam Seema 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsThis randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using ROTEM‐based transfusion strategy in cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures.MethodsThis was an open‐label, RCT which included (i) children under 18 years of age with liver cirrhosis; (ii) INR between 1.5 and 2.5; and/or (iii) platelet count between 20 × 109/L and 50 × 109/L (for procedures other than liver biopsy) and between 40 × 109/L and 60 × 109/L (for liver biopsy); and (iv) listed for invasive procedures. Stratified randomization was done for children undergoing liver biopsies. Patients randomized to the ROTEM and conventional groups received blood component transfusion using predefined criteria.ResultsA total of 423 invasive procedures were screened for inclusion of which 60 were randomized (30 in each group with comparable baseline parameters). The volume of total blood components, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets transfused was significantly lower in ROTEM as compared to conventional group. Only 46.7% of children in ROTEM group received a blood component compared to 100% in conventional group (p < .001). The requirement of FFP (ROTEM: 43.3%, Conventional: 83.3%, p = .001) was significantly lower in the patients receiving ROTEM‐guided transfusions. There was no difference in procedure‐related bleed and transfusion‐related complications between the two groups. ROTEM was cost‐effective (p = .002) despite the additional cost of the test.ConclusionROTEM‐based transfusion strategies result in lower blood component transfusion in cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures without an increase in risk of procedure‐related bleed. ROTEM‐guided transfusion strategy is cost‐effective.
Patterns of pan‐genome occupancy and gene coexpression under water‐deficit in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Sancho Rubén , Catalán Pilar , Contreras‐Moreira Bruno , Juenger Thomas E. , Des Marais David L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural populations are characterized by abundant genetic diversity driven by a range of different types of mutation. The tractability of sequencing complete genomes has allowed new insights into the variable composition of genomes, summarized as a species pan‐genome. These analyses demonstrate that many genes are absent from the first reference genomes, whose analysis dominated the initial years of the genomic era. Our field now turns towards understanding the functional consequence of these highly variable genomes. Here, we analysed weighted gene coexpression networks from leaf transcriptome data for drought response in the purple false brome Brachypodium distachyon and the differential expression of genes putatively involved in adaptation to this stressor. We specifically asked whether genes with variable “occupancy” in the pan‐genome – genes which are either present in all studied genotypes or missing in some genotypes – show different distributions among coexpression modules. Coexpression analysis united genes expressed in drought‐stressed plants into nine modules covering 72 hub genes (87 hub isoforms), and genes expressed under controlled water conditions into 13 modules, covering 190 hub genes (251 hub isoforms). We find that low occupancy pan‐genes are under‐represented among several modules, while other modules are over‐enriched for low‐occupancy pan‐genes. We also provide new insight into the regulation of drought response in B. distachyon, specifically identifying one module with an apparent role in primary metabolism that is strongly responsive to drought. Our work shows the power of integrating pan‐genomic analysis with transcriptomic data using factorial experiments to understand the functional genomics of environmental response.
Nuclear entry and egress of parvoviruses
Authors: Mattola Salla , Aho Vesa , Bustamante‐Jaramillo Luisa F. , Pizzioli Edoardo , Kann Michael , Vihinen‐Ranta Maija 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParvoviruses are small non‐enveloped single‐stranded DNA viruses, which depend on host cell nuclear transcriptional and replication machinery. After endosomal exposure of nuclear localization sequence and a phospholipase A2 domain on the capsid surface, and escape into the cytosol, parvovirus capsids enter the nucleus. Due to the small capsid diameter of 18–26 nm, intact capsids can potentially pass into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). This might be facilitated by active nuclear import, but capsids may also follow an alternative entry pathway that includes activation of mitotic factors and local transient disruption of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear entry is followed by currently undefined events of viral genome uncoating. After genome release, viral replication compartments are initiated and infection proceeds. Parvoviral genomes replicate during cellular S phase followed by nuclear capsid assembly during virus‐induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest. Nuclear egress of capsids occurs upon nuclear envelope degradation during apoptosis and cell lysis. An alternative pathway for nuclear export has been described using active transport through the NPC mediated by the chromosome region maintenance 1 protein, CRM1, which is enhanced by phosphorylation of the N‐terminal domain of VP2. However, other alternative but not yet uncharacterized nuclear export pathways cannot be excluded.
Time trends and disparities in combined overweight and obesity prevalence among children in China
Authors: Gao Liwang , Wu Yang , Chen Shiqi , Zhou Haixia , Zhao Li , Wang Youfa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the trends and disparities in the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in China by regions and specific groups over the last 30 years. PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP database, official websites of national governments and professional institutions/associations were systematically searched, for related reports and studies published up until December 2021. Reports based on nationally representative survey data were also examined and included. In mainland China, overweight and obesity decreased in pre‐school children (≤6 years old) and increased in school‐aged children (7–18 years old) between 2010 and 2013 to 2015 and 2017, but long‐term trends predict future increases in both groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school students in Hong Kong dropped from 21.4% in 2007–2008 to 17.6% in 2016–2017. In Macao, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 6–18 years was reported by age stratification; the lowest and highest prevalence was 13.4%, 29.3% and 9.2%, 21.7% for boys and girls in latest survey in 2015, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary, middle and high school students in Taiwan dropped from 28.2%, 27.1% and 31.1% in 2010 to 26.7%, 25.2% and 26.7% in 2013, respectively. Furthermore, in mainland China, the prevalence in rural left‐behind boys and girls was 10.7% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2011, and the prevalence among migrant pre‐school children was about 5.0% around 2010. In summary, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school‐aged children has increased in mainland China and Macao, but decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan prior to 2017. The projections suggest that the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in pre‐school children will be in rural children in the future. These factors need to be considered when formulating and implementing national policies and programmes to fight overweight and obesity.
Efficacy and safety of vibegron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in women: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Lacy Brian E. , King Jennifer , Shortino Denise , Schaumburg Chris , Haag‐Molkenteller Cornelia , Chey William D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical and clinical studies suggest that β3‐adrenergic receptor activation may be a novel target for treating abdominal pain and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This proof‐of‐concept study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the β3‐adrenergic agonist vibegron in treating IBS‐related pain.MethodsAdult women with predominant‐diarrhea IBS (IBS‐D) or with mixed diarrhea/constipation (IBS‐M), diagnosed using Rome IV criteria, were randomized 1:1 to receive once‐daily vibegron 75 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with IBS‐D considered abdominal pain intensity (API) weekly responders, defined as ≥30% reduction from baseline at week 12 in mean weekly worst abdominal pain over 24 hours using the API score. Patients completed a pain diary at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs) in the overall IBS population.Key ResultsOf the 222 patients with IBS randomized (vibegron, N = 111; placebo, N = 111), 85% completed the trial. There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with IBS‐D (vibegron, N = 66; placebo, N = 63) considered API weekly responders with vibegron vs. placebo (p = 0.8222) after 12 weeks. The incidence of AEs was comparable between treatment groups (33.3% each), with equal rates of worsening IBS symptoms (2.7% each).Conclusions and InferencesIn women with IBS‐D, vibegron was not associated with significant improvement in the percentage of API weekly responders. Vibegron was generally safe and well tolerated and, in particular, did not worsen IBS symptoms vs. placebo.
Liberation through violence in Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth: Historical and contemporary criticisms
Authors: Castelli Alberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFanon wrote The Wretched of the Earth in the face of the horror of the Algerian civil war and in the broader context of anti‐colonial liberation struggles in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Such experiences had showed that violence is necessary both to impose domination and to break free from it. It comes as no surprise, then, that Fanon puts his faith in revolutionary violence. In dissent from some recent interpretations, this article argues that Fanon considered physical violence a useful tool both to free people from the constraints of colonialism and to build a society free from oppression. The article also discusses the limits of such a theory of violence: Beginning with Hannah Arendt's 1969 criticisms of Fanon's ideas, the article deals with some questions that Fanon failed or did not want to ask himself, and that the peace studies scholars could benefit from considering carefully.
Has Canada's 21st‐Century Grand Gender Convergence Stalled? Male and Female Income and Human Resource Stock Distributions Viewed Through an Equal Opportunity Lens
Authors: Anderson Gordon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing similarity of male and female labor market roles in advanced economies over the past 50 years, dubbed the “Grand Gender Convergence” by Goldin (2014), appears to have stalled. Given commonality of preferences for work and human resource acquisition across the gender divide, women and men with similar human resources and efforts should have similar income distributions in a non‐discriminatory equal opportunity equilibrium. However, income convergence is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a “Grand Gender Convergence” as similarities in incomes could be achieved with differences in human resources and efforts given discriminatory rewards. In this study, using new tools for examining distributional convergence processes, the progress of Canada's 21‐st Century “Grand Gender Convergence” is examined in the context of an equal opportunity paradigm. While income convergence is almost universally apparent, human resource stock distributions appear to be diverging, with women having increasingly superior resources to men, evidence that the grand convergence is not progressing.
Parents' experiences with public health nursing during the postnatal period: A reflective lifeworld research study
Authors: Høgmo Bente Kristin , Bondas Terese , Alstveit Marit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo describe mothers' and fathers' experiences with public health nursing and child and family health centre services in the postnatal period, both as a couple and as individuals.MethodA phenomenological reflective lifeworld research approach with a descriptive design was chosen. A purposive sample of 10 mothers and 10 fathers were interviewed twice, 1–2 and 6–8 weeks postpartum, using joint and individual interviews. By focusing on being open and flexible, the data were analyzed to elucidate a meaningful structure of the phenomenon.ResultsThe findings revealed that parents’ experiences with public health nurse (PHN) and Child and Family Health Centre (CFHC) services in the postnatal period are characterised by a longing to be seen and confirmed both as unique individuals and as a family by the PHN. Although an increased need for both lay and professional care is prominent during the postnatal period, the parents drew a varied picture of their experiences demonstrating that the CFHC services are focussing almost exclusively on mother and child.ConclusionA public health nurse can contribute to strengthen parenthood and promote the family's health when the focus is on the new baby. Being cared for while learning to care for the baby is pivotal in a phase that involves both joy and vulnerability. This study adds knowledge concerning the importance of both parents being seen and confirmed by the PHN as unique individuals and a family unit in the postnatal period.