bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Following Cu Microstructure Evolution in CuZnO/Al2O3(−Cs) Catalysts During Activation in H2 using in situ XRD and XRD‐CT
Authors: Farmer Daniela M. , Jacques Simon D. M. , Waller David , Boullosa Eiras Sara , Roy Kanak , Held Georg , Sankar Gopinathan , Beale Andrew M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how the microstructure of the active Cu0 component in the commercially applicable Cu/ZnO/Al2O3(−Cs2O) low‐temperature water‐gas shift catalyst evolves under various H2 partial pressures in the presence/absence of a Cs promoter during thermal activation has been investigated. Time‐resolved XRD and spatially‐resolved XRD‐CT data were measured as a function of H2 concentration along a packed bed reactor to elucidate the importance of the zincite support and the effect of the promoter on Cu sintering mechanisms, dislocation character and stacking fault probability. The rate of Cu reduction showed a dependency on [Cs], [H2] and bed height; lower [Cs] and higher [H2] led to a greater rate of metallic copper nanoparticle formation. A deeper analysis of the XRD line profiles allowed for determining a greater edge character to the dislocations and subsequent stacking fault probability was also observed to depend on higher [H2], smaller Cu0 (and ZnO) crystallite sizes, increased [ZnO] (30 wt.%, sCZA) and lower temperature. The intrinsic activity of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalysts has been intimately linked to the anisotropic behaviour of copper, and thus the presence of lattice defects; to the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first instance in which this type of analysis has been applied to LT‐WGS catalysts.
In Situ Studies of the Formation of Tungsten and Niobium Oxide Nanoparticles: Towards Automated Analysis of Reaction Pathways from PDF Analysis using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Kjær Emil T. S. , Aalling‐Frederiksen Olivia , Yang Long , Thomas Nancy K. , Juelsholt Mikkel , Billinge Simon J. L. , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis of in situ total scattering data, we investigate the formation of tungsten and niobium oxides in a simple solvothermal synthesis. We use Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) analysis of the time resolved PDFs to both map the structural changes taking place throughout the synthesis and identify structural models for precursor and product through PCC‐based structure mining. Our analysis first shows that ultra‐small tungsten and niobium oxide nanoparticles form instantaneously upon heating, with sizes between 1.5 and 2 nm. We show that the main structural motifs in the nanoparticles can be described with structures containing pentagonal columns, which is characteristic for many bulk tungsten and niobium oxides. We furthermore elucidate the structure of the precursor complex as clusters of octahedra with O‐ and Cl‐ligands. The PCC based methodology automates the structure characterization and proves useful for analysis of large datasets of for example, time resolved X‐ray scattering studies. The PCC is implemented in ‘PDF in the cloud’, a web platform for PDF analysis.
BiVO4 Photoanodes for TEMPO‐Mediated Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation in Organic Media
Authors: Klinova McMillan Nelli , Lopez Diego A. , Leem Gyu , Sherman Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe photoelectrochemical production of fuels, exemplified by light‐driven water splitting to hydrogen and oxygen, offers a sustainable option to offset dependence on fossil fuels. A low‐cost, efficient, and stable photoelectrochemical approach to solar fuels remains elusive but using similar materials and photoelectrodes for chemical production or biomass conversion offers an appealing alternative. This work reports a facile method for fabricating pristine (undoped) BiVO4 photoanodes to carry out TEMPO‐mediated benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde in organic media (TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐N‐oxyl). The best performing BiVO4 photoanode studied here gave a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 85±5% for benzaldehyde formation in the presence of TEMPO and pyridine during a 2.5‐hour reaction. Compared with direct electrocatalytic conversion under the same conditions, light capture and conversion by the BiVO4 surface decreased the required applied bias by 46 %. To our knowledge, this is the first report of visible light assisted, TEMPO‐mediated benzyl alcohol oxidation using pristine BiVO4 photoanodes in organic media.
Response of drought susceptible and resistant Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue cultivars and mixtures to limited irrigation
Authors: Powlen Jada S. , Patton Aaron J. , Jiang Yiwei , Fraser Melodee L. , Bigelow Cale A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater consumption and supply for the urban landscape continues to be a concern for many communities throughout the United States. A 2‐yr field study was conducted in the cool‐humid region to determine the irrigation requirements of drought sensitive (DS) and drought resistant (DR) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG) and tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.; TF] cultivars maintained at two mowing heights (5.1 or 8.9 cm). Additionally, TF:KBG mixtures 90:10 (w/w) containing DS or DR cultivars were also evaluated. Irrigation was determined using a 70% green coverage threshold (GCT70) approach, where turf was imaged twice weekly, and 12.7 mm of irrigation was applied if an individual plot fell below the GCT70. Time to initially fall below the GCT70 ranged from 15.4 to 50.0 d and varied by species and cultivar, with TF and the TF:KBG mixtures taking the longest time to fall below the threshold. Total irrigation ranged from 61.9 to 173.9 mm over the 74‐d drought events. The DR TF and TF:KBG mixtures containing DR TF required the least irrigation. Mowing height generally had no effect on irrigation requirements of the cultivars or mixtures evaluated in this study. These data reinforce the fact that substantial irrigation can be saved by planting DR species and cultivars and employing a limited irrigation strategy based on a minimum green coverage threshold.
Chopping for over 50 MHz gain‐bandwidth product current sense amplifiers achieving input noise level of 8.5 nV/√Hz
Authors: Matthus Christian D. , Ellinger Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn accurate, high‐speed, fully differential difference amplifier for current sensing utilizing the chopper approach was implemented in a 0.18 μm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Unlike state‐of‐the‐art solutions, we use a higher chopping frequency in the MHz range due to the bandwidth requirements of the introduced circuits for the latter application, namely, low‐side phase‐current measurement in motor control circuits. Except the low‐pass filter (LPF) effect of the output stage, no additional LPF was integrated in hardware at the output of the circuits. We show that on the other hand a digital LPF, which can be integrated in the field‐programmable gate‐array (FPGA) logic or microcontroller used for the motor control, offers a higher flexibility in terms of filter design. Weak input signals of only few mV can be reconstructed with a high accuracy. This is demonstrated for a 500 kHz rectangular signal and a chopping frequency of 20 MHz. Note that an input‐signal frequency of several hundreds of kHz with harmonics in the MHz region is very challenging for chopper amplifiers. Still, a significant decrease of the input‐referred noise is demonstrated, especially cancelling out the 1/f‐noise achieving a remaining noise floor of approximately 8.5 nV/√Hz. Overall, the input‐referred noise level can be pushed far below 50 μV (root mean square). Moreover, using a quite relaxed second‐order Butterworth filter with a 3 dB corner frequency of 1 MHz, input‐referred noise levels of 10 μV (root mean square) can be easily achieved at the costs of reduced bandwidth. The lowest achieved input offset is 50 μV. The gain is adjusted by resistive feedback and is approximately 40 dB. Hence, the amplifier is suitable for current sensing in motor control circuits, and a significant reduction of the shunt resistance typically used for this purpose will be possible.
Anti‐C1q autoantibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus patients enhance CD40–CD154‐mediated inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro
Authors: Rabatscher Pascal Alexander , Trendelenburg Marten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Complement C1q has been shown to play a major role in SLE, and autoantibodies against C1q (anti‐C1q) are strongly associated with SLE disease activity and severe lupus nephritis suggesting a pathogenic role for anti‐C1q. Whereas C1q alone has anti‐inflammatory effects on human monocytes and macrophages, C1q/anti‐C1q complexes favor a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. This study aimed to elucidate the inflammatory effects of anti‐C1q on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsIsolated monocytes, isolated T cells and bulk PBMCs of healthy donors with or without concomitant T cell activation were exposed to C1q or complexes of C1q and SLE patient‐derived anti‐C1q (C1q/anti‐C1q). Functional consequences of C1q/anti‐C1q on cells were assessed by determining cytokine secretion, monocyte surface marker expression, T cell activation and proliferation.ResultsExposure of isolated T cells to C1q or C1q/anti‐C1q did not affect their activation and proliferation. However, unspecific T cell activation in PBMCs in the presence of C1q/anti‐C1q resulted in increased TNF, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 secretion compared with C1q alone. Co‐culture and inhibition experiments showed that the inflammatory effect of C1q/anti‐C1q on PBMCs was due to a direct CD40–CD154 interaction between activated T cells and C1q/anti‐C1q‐primed monocytes. The CD40‐mediated inflammatory reaction of monocytes involves TRAF6 and JAK3‐STAT5 signalling.ConclusionIn conclusion, C1q/anti‐C1q have a pro‐inflammatory effect on monocytes that depends on T cell activation and CD40–CD154 signalling. This signalling pathway could serve as a therapeutic target for anti‐C1q‐mediated inflammation.
Transplantation procedures in vitiligo: What's new
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Narayan R Vignesh , Parsad Davinder 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransplantation plays a pivotal role in vitiligo surgery and has advanced at a galloping pace.ObjectivesTo enlist the latest developments in vitiligo transplantation surgery.FindingsAdvancements in clinico‐epidemiological and molecular profiling (CD8, CD45RO, CXCL‐9) have enabled us to predict response to treatment better than ever before. The pace of transplantation has been augmented and the hassle of properly orienting the graft has been bypassed. The pallet has been expanded with a better donor to recipient ratio and ease of technique with regard to hair follicle transplants and suspensions. Suspending media have had a makeover, becoming less runner with a greater rate of pigmentation. Science has made the procedure more pocket and equipment friendly, be it in the realm of incubation or inhibition of trypsin. Electrofulguration, cryogens, salicylic and lactic acid, dental burrs, and lasers have made recipient site preparation easier. Adversity has been metamorphosed into an advantage by harvesting and transplanting the cobblestone that appears post‐mini‐punch grafting. Surgical techniques have been crafted to conform to special sites like the fingers, palmoplantar sites, ears, genitals, and nipple‐areola.ConclusionThere have been many significant advancements in the field of vitiligo transplantation surgery in recent years especially in terms of ease of technique, minimal invasiveness, the pain associated with the procedure, and success rates.
Nucleation sites and forest recovery under high shrub competition
Authors: Ursell Tara , Safford Hugh D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForests currently face numerous stressors, raising questions about processes of forest recovery as well as the role of humans in stimulating recovery by planting trees that might not otherwise regenerate. Theoretically, planted trees can also provide a seed source for further recruitment once the planted trees become reproductive, acting as “nucleation” sites; however, it is unclear whether changing site conditions over time (e.g., through the growth of competitors like woody shrubs) influences establishment in the long term, even if seed availability increases. We tested the nucleation concept in a system where shrub competition is known to influence tree establishment and growth, performing an observational study of sites within and close to newly reproductive planted stands in yellow‐pine (YP) and mixed‐conifer ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada, California. We surveyed and then modeled both seedling occurrence and density as a function of distance to seed sources, competing woody vegetation, and other environmental characteristics. We found that proximity to a planted stand was associated with an increase in the probability of YP seedlings (species more likely to originate from the planted stand) from 0.33 at 35 m from the planted stand to 0.56 directly adjacent to the stand and 0.65 within the stand. However, we found no significant effect of proximity on YP seedling density. This proximity effect suggests that seed availability continues to be a driver of recruitment several decades postwildfire, though other processes may influence the expected density of recruits. Proxies for competitive pressure (shrub volume and shrub cover) were not significant, suggesting that competing vegetation did not have a major influence on recruitment. Though seedling presence and density appeared to be independent of shrub impacts, we did find that shrubs were significantly taller than seedlings. Therefore, we suggest that shrubs may not limit seedling establishment, but they may negatively affect seedlings' ability to grow and serve as a seed source for further recruitment and forest expansion. Altogether, we find that planting may provide a statistically significant but small role in driving recruitment outside of the planted site.
Juvenile salmon habitat use drives variation in growth and highlights vulnerability to river fragmentation
Authors: Sethi Suresh A. , Carey Michael P. , Gerken Jonathon , Harris Bradley P. , Wolf Nathan , Cunningham Curry , Restrepo Felipe , Ashline Joshua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWidespread stream network fragmentation from dams and culverts has altered habitat connectivity in river ecosystems and presents an acute threat to migratory fish. To support watershed management for an iconic migratory fish group, we assessed juvenile salmon growth outcomes across habitat use strategies and characterized how these life histories may be impacted by stream connectivity loss. Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Big Lake drainage, Alaska, USA, were individually tracked over 2012–2013 and categorized into habitat use behaviors, with fish either remaining in streams throughout freshwater residency or migrating seasonally to overwinter in lake habitats. Size, growth rate, and body condition of smolts (n = 1113) were compared across habitat use strategies. Juvenile coho salmon that moved seasonally to lake overwintering habitats, the most frequently observed strategy, grew faster and were significantly larger as smolts compared to their counterparts who remained in streams exclusively (spring Age 1 fish: 18% larger by weight, 9% faster growth rate; spring Age 2+ fish: 26% heavier, 11% faster growth). Environmental data from a subset of overwinter lakes indicate that greater foraging opportunity and lower energy costs may be implicated in growth advantages conferred by lentic overwintering strategies. Habitat use strategies requiring seasonal migrations, however, increased exposure to stream connectivity loss, and fish blocked from accessing a potential overwinter headwater lake by a culvert and dam had lowest body condition among study groups. Stream network fragmentation restricts access to preferred overwinter habitats, and our findings suggest this may constrain freshwater rearing strategies associated with strong juvenile coho salmon growth. As size at smolt has been implicated as a driver of salmon survival through ocean residency, reduced freshwater habitat connectivity during juvenile stages may have deleterious impacts on later marine life stages. Consequently, conservation of stream connectivity across lentic and lotic habitats represents an important watershed management priority for juvenile salmon.
Anion‐Directed Conformation Switching and Trigonal Distortion in Hexakis(methylamine)nickel(II) Cations
Authors: Sugiarto  , Minato Takuo , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe homoleptic [Ni(NH2CH3)6]2+ cations have dozens of energetically feasible conformational isomers (conformers), and we herein show their conformation is tunable using counter anions. The reaction of Ni(NO3)2 or NiCl2 with aqueous methylamine in dimethylformamide gave [Ni(NH2CH3)6](NO3)2 (1) or [Ni(NH2CH3)6]Cl2 (2) in which methylamine ligands have axial or equatorial orientation with respect to the three‐fold principal axis, respectively. Interestingly, the conformation of methylamine ligands affects geometry around nickel(II) so that the nickel octahedron is trigonally compressed in 1, whereas it is trigonally elongated in 2, causing different visible light absorption properties between 1 and 2. Density functional theory calculations showed that nitrate anions stabilize the axial conformer through two‐point hydrogen bonding interactions with methylamines, whereas spherical chloride anions promote deformation of the axial conformer into the equatorial conformer through formation of three‐point hydrogen bonding interactions.
Reliability analysis of cascaded η − μ fading channels
Authors: Upaddhyay Vipin Kumar , Soni S. K. , Tiwari Naveen Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, the mathematical characterization of the cascaded fading channel based on multiplicative modeling is discussed. The proposed cascaded probability density function is derived by taking the product of statistically independent, but not necessarily identically distributed fading random variables, which encompasses various well‐known distributions as cascaded Nakagami‐m, Hoyt, and Rayleigh distributions. In particular, other statistical measures such as cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, and moment of the cascaded channels, are developed. This set of derived results is further utilized in studying the reliability performance of the wireless cascaded fading channels. The system reliability is comprehensively investigated through various statistical metrics like average symbol error probability, ergodic capacity, outage probability, and effective capacity. All the developed results are of intractable univariate Foxs H‐function form. The accuracy of the numerical results is extensively validated through Monte‐Carlo simulation.
The cognitive performance in the Phototest is predictor of biological markers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ismael Carrera‐Muñoz , José M Barrios‐López , Claudia Muñoz‐Martínez , Juan C Romero‐Fábrega , Rosa M Vilchez‐Carrillo , Teodoro Del Ser Quijano , Cristoba Carnero‐Pardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe abnormal cerebrospinal fluid levels of biomarkers, such as β‐amyloid and phosphorylated tau (pTau), support the biological diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD) independently of its clinical stage. However, this invasive exam cannot be extensively applied and requires previous sound clinical screen that can be based on brief, well validated cognitive tests, such as the Phototest.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of partial (naming [NA], total recall [TR], free recall [FR], and verbal fluency) and total scores of the Phototest with the biological diagnosis of AD and the potential use of this test as a screening tool in the clinical work up.DesignRetrospective study of Individuals attending a Memory Clinic who were applied the Phototest and classified, according to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (β‐amyloid1‐42 and pTau), in the biological AD continuum stage (ContAD) as “no AD” (A‐), “AD changes” (A+T‐) or “AD” (A+T+). Multivariate analyses were conducted with one fixed factor, ContAD, and partial and total Phototest scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to estimate the capacity of Phototest scores to predict amyloidosis (A+) and AD.ResultsThe study included 170 individuals (92 A‐, 23 A+T‐ and 55 A+T+). FR (7.9, 0.01 [F,p]) and TR (8.1, 0.001) scores were associated with ContAD and had a moderate ability (AUC 0.71–0.74) to detect the presence of “A+” or “AD”.ConclusionsPartial memory scores of Phototest are associated with ContAD. They predict acceptably the presence of abnormal levels of β‐amyloid and AD signature in CSF and can be useful to support further biological diagnostic tests.
Home visitor perspectives on implementing a precision approach to home visiting in communities serving Native American families
Authors: Russette Helen C. , Grubin Fiona , Ingalls Allison , Martin Lisa , Leonard Amanda , Kushman Elizabeth , Cisler Aimee , Leffler Elizabeth , Herman Angelina , Haroz Emily E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFamily Spirit (FS) is a federally endorsed evidence‐based home visiting programs serving as a key prevention strategy for expectant families and families with young children. Like other home‐visiting programs, it shares client challenges in retention and engagement during implementation. We assessed (1) the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a precision approach to FS; and (2) differences in approaches to FS delivery. Home visitors, serving primarily Native American families, that delivered a standard (N = 6) or a precision approach (N = 6) to FS across four study sites each participated in up to four virtual focus group discussions (FGDs) (N = 16). Facilitators and barriers to implementation were identified across the curriculum approach, relational and contextual levels. Facilitators: Relevant and culturally sensitive lessons, lesson structure, client–home visitor relationship, client buy‐in, home visitor autonomy, leadership support, flexible funding, and training. Barriers: Irrelevant lessons, substance use content, missing topics, families experiencing crises, client and home visitor availability, client feedback, nonsupportive leadership, inadequate funding, and organizational policies and practices. The precision approach offers (1) tailoring of lessons that supports relevance of content to clients; and (2) a target timeframe that supports flexibility in lesson delivery. This model structure may improve client participation and retention.
Front Cover
Authors: Hu Yuyao , Liang Dong , Wang Jing , Xuan Yaping , Zhao Fu , Liu Jun , Li Ruxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA virtual HiLo based on edge detection (V‐HiLo‐ED) method is proposed for background removing of imaging. V‐HiLo‐ED is a novel method reconstructs the background‐free image by estimating the foreground, which is different from all the existing popular software algorithms that estimate the background. V‐HiLo‐ED owns a better quality than state‐of‐the‐art softwarebased methods and exhibits almost the same performance, but at faster speed compared with hardware‐based methods.Further details can be found in the article by Yuyao Hu, Dong Liang, Jing Wang, Yaping Xuan, Fu Zhao, Jun Liu, Ruxin Li1 (e202200031)
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