bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability estimates and predictive ability for pig meat quality traits using identity‐by‐state and identity‐by‐descent relationships in an F2 population
Authors: Angarita Barajas Belcy Karine , Cantet Rodolfo J. C. , Steibel Juan P. , Schrauf Matias F. , Forneris Natalia S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenomic relationships can be computed with dense genome‐wide genotypes through different methods, either based on identity‐by‐state (IBS) or identity‐by‐descent (IBD). The latter has been shown to increase the accuracy of both estimated relationships and predicted breeding values. However, it is not clear whether an IBD approach would achieve greater heritability () and predictive ability () than its IBS counterpart for data with low‐depth pedigrees. Here, we compare both approaches in terms of the estimated of and , using data on meat quality and carcass traits recorded in experimental crossbred pigs, with a pedigree constrained to only three generations. Three animal models were fitted which differed on the relationship matrix: an IBS model (), an IBD (defined within the known pedigree) model (), and a pedigree model (). In 9 of 20 traits, the range of increase for the estimates of and was 1.2–2.9 times greater with and models than with . Whereas for all traits, both parameters were similar between genomic models. The of the genomic models was higher compared to . A scarce increment in was found with when compared to , most likely due to the former recovering sizeable relationships among founder F0 animals.
Analysis of current data on the use of topical mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis complex—An update
Authors: Balestri Riccardo , Rizzoli Laura , Pedrolli Annalisa , Urru Silvana Anna Maria , Rech Giulia , Neri Iria , Girardelli Carlo R. , Magnano Michela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome causing hamartomatous growths in multiple organs. Facial angiofibromas occur in up to 80% of patients and can be highly disfiguring. Treatment for these lesions is challenging. Recently, topical rapamycin has been proposed as an effective option to treat angiofibromas but a commercially available compound has not yet been developed in Europe. We conducted a retrospective review with the aim to update the current data on the use of topical rapamycin in the treatment of angiofibromas in TSC, focusing on the optimal concentration and trying to establish which vehicle should be preferred. Thirty‐nine reports describing the use of topical rapamycin in the treatment of angiofibromas in TSC were considered, involving a total of 483 patients. An improvement of the lesions has been shown in over 90% of subjects, particularly if the treatment was started at early stages. Several different formulations (ointment, gel, solution and cream) with a wide range of concentrations (0.003%–1%) were proposed, of which a pharmacological analysis has also been performed. Topical rapamycin can be considered an effective and safe option for the treatment and the prevention of facial angiofibromas in younger patients, but the best formulation has yet to be established. Our review demonstrates that ointment and gel should be preferred, but it is not clear which concentration is optimal. However, according to this study, the 0.1% concentration represents the first choice. Long‐term and comparative studies between topical rapamycin formulations are required in order to establish which treatment has a better outcome and lower recurrence rate.
A national flood awareness system for ungauged catchments in complex topography: The case of development, communication and evaluation in New Zealand
Authors: Cattoën Céline , Conway Jono , Fedaeff Nava , Lagrava Daniel , Blackett Paula , Montgomery Kelsey , Shankar Ude , Carey‐Smith Trevor , Moore Stuart , Mari Andrea , Steinmetz Tilmann , Dean Sam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffectively forecasting and communicating flood hazards at national or continental scales is critical to reducing impacts of flooding. Yet, it remains a challenge due to the predominance of ungauged catchments in often complex and steep terrain. We present the development, communication, and evaluation of a national flood awareness system, the Aotearoa (New Zealand) Flood Awareness System, AFAS. Forecasts are produced with an uncalibrated, semi‐distributed hydrological model, driven by a high‐resolution convective‐scale atmospheric model with statistical perturbations in rainfall, soil moisture and baseflow to generate a 50‐member ensemble. We implement a relative flow and flood exceedance threshold framework to evaluate hourly forecasts across six categories from below normal to extremely high. Forecast performance is categorically assessed against observations, for a 2.5‐year reforecast, at 272 sites nationwide, up to 48 h ahead. Overall, AFAS produces skilful streamflow forecasts in catchments with complex topography, even with operational delays ingesting observations. We explore a novel approach to river forecast communication using daily videos. We suggest rethinking large‐scale streamflow forecast communication by balancing a depth with breadth approach (pointwise absolute flows versus distributed relative flows), to raise collective awareness before and during natural disasters. AFAS appears to be the first system producing public‐friendly videos to communicate streamflow forecasts in their topographical context. Future development of AFAS will benefit from a federated approach across national and regional agencies, including sharing of real‐time weather observations, forecasting tools and expertise.
Risk and preventive factors of early‐onset colorectal neoplasms: endoscopic and histological database analysis
Authors: Arai Junya , Aoki Tomonori , Hayakawa Yoku , Niikura Ryota , Ishibashi Rei , Suzuki Nobumi , Tsuji Yosuke , Yamada Atsuo , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence of early‐onset colorectal neoplasms has been increasing in both Western and Eastern countries. However, the risks and preventive factors for these neoplasms in Eastern countries remain unclear.MethodsThe data of 5580 patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACRN), defined as advanced adenomas (adenoma ≥10 mm, or with high‐grade dysplasia or villous component) or adenocarcinoma. The clinical factors associated with ACRNs were determined for each age category (≤50 and >50 years), and the differences between the two categories were assessed. Odds ratios adjusted for age and sex were calculated.ResultsAmong 1001 patients (age ≤50 years), ACRN was found in 94 (9.4%). In this younger category, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.51–3.63) and a family history of colorectal cancer (aOR:2.14, 95% CI:1.17–3.89) were significantly associated with higher odds of developing ACRNs. ACRNs were detected in 726 (15.9%) of 4579 patients (age >50 years). In the older age category, smoking (aOR:1.32, 95% CI:1.08–1.63) was significantly associated with a higher risk of ACRNs. Exercise of >3.5 metabolic equivalent of task (METs) (aOR,0.80; 95% CI:0.67–0.96) was significantly associated with a lower risk of ACRNs.ConclusionThe development of early‐onset ACRNs was primarily associated with congenital factors, whereas that of late‐onset ACRNs was associated with acquired ones. Colonoscopy is recommended for young male patients, particularly for those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Oral health‐related quality of life is more strongly correlated with mental health than with oral health in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nangle Matthew R. , Manchery Nithin , Swayne Andrew , Boocock Helen , Blum Stefan , Henry Julie D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young and middle‐aged populations, associated with substantial burden of illness. Because a growing literature now shows that this burden extends to poorer oral health, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) may be reduced as well.ObjectivesTo test whether people with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) have poorer OHRQoL than demographically matched controls, and to establish which variables are associated with worse OHRQoL.Materials and MethodsIn total, 64 people with RRMS and 69 demographically matched controls participated. Both groups completed the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), a validated measure of OHRQoL, as well as an objective oral health examination performed by a qualified dentist, a measure of dental‐related functionality and a measure of mental health.ResultsOHRQoL was significantly poorer in the RRMS relative to the control group. However, although poorer OHRQoL in the RRMS group was moderately associated with objectively assessed oral health (r = .30), it was more strongly associated with mental health (r = .61). For the control group, the reverse pattern of association was evident, with OHRQoL more strongly associated with oral health (r = .48) relative to mental health (r = .20).ConclusionPeople with RRMS report poorer OHRQoL than demographically matched controls, but these appraisals are more strongly linked to mental health than to objective oral health indicators.
Hepatitis C virus‐specific immune responses following direct‐acting antivirals administered during recent hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Casey Julia L. , Dore Gregory J. , Grebely Jason , Matthews Gail V. , Cherepanov Vera , Martinello Marianne , Marks Philippa , Janssen Harry L. A. , Hansen Bettina E. , Kaul Rupert , MacParland Sonya A. , Gehring Adam J. , Feld Jordan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividuals who spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have demonstrated evidence of partial protective immunity, whereas treatment‐induced clearance provides little or no protection against reinfection. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of acute HCV infection with direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) prevents establishment of, or reverses, T‐cell exhaustion, leading to a virus‐specific T‐cell immune profile more similar to that seen in spontaneous clearance. The magnitude and breadth of HCV‐specific T‐cell responses before and after DAA or interferon‐based therapy in acute or chronic HCV were compared to those of participants with spontaneous clearance of infection, using Enzyme‐linked Immunospot (ELISPOT). PBMCs were available for 55 patients comprising 4 groups: spontaneous clearance (n = 17), acute interferon (n = 14), acute DAA (n = 13) and chronic DAA (n = 11). After controlling for sex, the magnitude of post‐treatment HCV‐specific responses after acute DAA treatment was greater than after chronic DAA or acute IFN treatment and similar to those found in spontaneous clearers. However, spontaneous clearers responded to more HCV peptide pools indicating greater breadth of response. In conclusion, early treatment with DAAs may prevent or reverse some degree of immune exhaustion and result in stronger HCV‐specific responses post‐treatment. However, individuals with spontaneous clearance had broader HCV‐specific responses.
Proportions of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, gut microbiota from ambient microbiota increased with aquaculture process
Authors: Liu Qianfu , Gao Yuan , Wang Chao , Zeng Yanyi , Lai Zini 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo analyze the effects of ambient microbiota on the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different aquaculture stages, shrimp gut and ambient water and sediment microbiota at different aquaculture stages were collected and analyzed through high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. Our results showed that various gut microbiota alpha‐diversity indices at the late aquaculture stage (LAS) were significantly higher than those at the early aquaculture stage (EAS). The average degree of the co‐occurrence network constructed based on the samples at the EAS was significantly higher than that at the middle aquaculture stage (MAS), and they were both significantly higher than those at the LAS. The proportions of gut microbiota from the water microbiota in the MAS and LAS were significantly higher than those at the EAS, and the proportion of gut microbiota from the sediment microbiota at the LAS was significantly higher than that at the EAS. These results imply that the gut microbiota of shrimp seedlings obtained a small amount of microorganisms from the ambient microbiota and gradually formed new gut microbiota with the inherent microbiota. These results provide support for the subsequent development of aquaculture technology to prevent bacterial diseases in Pacific white shrimp.
Hip dysfunction‐related urinary incontinence and total hip arthroplasty with the direct lateral approach
Authors: Abed Maryam Hakimi , Vasaghi‐Gharamaleki Behnoosh , Ghazavi Mohammad Taghi , Nikjooy Afsaneh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is a functional relationship between the hip joint and the pelvic floor muscles. In patients with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip, urinary incontinence is also seen. Research has shown that total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery improves the symptoms of urinary incontinence. This prospective cross‐sectional study without a control group was performed on THA candidates with urinary incontinence and secondary osteoarthritis with the aim of investigating the effect of THA with a direct lateral approach and subsequent routine physiotherapy on the symptoms of urinary incontinence.MethodsSampling was performed using a simple method among those referred to orthopedic clinics in the private sector. Data were collected in all patients before and 3 months after THA using demographic, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and hip range of motion record tables. The results are presented as mean with standard deviation.ResultsIn this study, 16 men with a mean age of 76.75 years (±4.65) and 8 women with a mean age of 72.75 years (±7.32) participated. Before THA, stress urinary incontinence (54.16%) and urgency urinary incontinence (20.83%) had the highest frequency. However, after THA, the frequency of stress and urgency urinary incontinence decreased (16.66% and 8.33%, respectively). According to the results of the ICIQ, complete improvement of urinary incontinence symptoms was observed in up to 62.5% of the subjects. After THA, there was a significant difference between the mean total score obtained from the WOMAC questionnaire compared to before surgery. There was a significant improvement in the range of motion of the hip joint in all directions.ConclusionsTHA and routine hip physiotherapy in patients with urinary incontinence and secondary hip osteoarthritis have a significant positive effect on improving symptoms of urinary incontinence and hip function. In addition, it significantly improves the ICIQ and WOMAC questionnaire scores.
Recent topics of oculopharyngodistal myopathy
Authors: Eura Nobuyuki , Ogasawara Masashi , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is a rare hereditary muscle disease manifesting with progressive ocular, bulbar, and predominantly distal limb weakness. Muscle pathology is characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles and small angular fibers. To date, LRP12, GIPC1, NOTCH2NLC, and RILPL1 have been reported as the causative genes for OPDM, with the subtypes categorized according to each gene. The clinicopathological and genetic features (triplet repeats in 5′ untranslated region) are similar among all OPDM subtypes, suggesting a comparable pathogenesis among them. Several studies have demonstrated the possible pathomechanism of OPDM, such as protein/RNA gain‐of‐function theories. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the molecular mechanism, clinicopathological findings, and management of the disease.
A case report of anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6
Authors: Iwao Kazunori , Watanabe Mitsuru , Mukaino Takahiko , Fujii Takayuki , Yamasaki Ryo , Isobe Noriko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ciHHV6) is a condition where HHV6‐DNA is integrated into the host germline genome. ciHHV6 can be misdiagnosed as active HHV6 infection. We report a 30‐year‐old woman presenting with psychological symptoms without a history of immunodeficiency. She had an ovarian teratoma and anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with HHV6‐DNA in the serum and CSF. The final diagnosis was anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and ciHHV6 because laparoscopic oophorectomy and immunotherapy ameliorated her symptoms and HHV6‐DNA was detected in her oral mucosa cells. This case suggests the need to assess whether HHV6‐DNA is related to infection or ciHHV6 when HHV6‐DNA is detected in the CSF of patients with encephalitis.
Fluorescent colour patterns in the basal pectinid Pleuronectites from the Middle Triassic of Central Europe: origin, fate and taxonomic implications of fluorescence
Authors: Wolkenstein Klaus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUV light‐induced fluorescence is widely used as a key to reveal residual shell colour patterns of Neogene and Palaeogene molluscs. However, only few examples of fluorescent colour patterns are known from Mesozoic marine shells and little is known about the nature of fluorescence in fossils. Here, UV light‐induced fluorescence reveals previously unseen abundance and diversity in the colour patterns of the basal pectinid Pleuronectites laevigatus from the Middle Triassic Muschelkalk of Central Europe. In addition to known variations of radial bands, a multitude of zigzag and zigzag‐related patterns was found. The diversity of colour patterns is comparable to modern pectinids and is interpreted as colour pattern polymorphism. Raman spectra of the colour patterns indicated the preservation of residual organic pigments with aromatic moieties. The fluorescence properties of P. laevigatus and other basal pectinids from the Muschelkalk of Germany and France are described in detail, suggesting that colour pattern fluorescence is due to colourless diagenetic products of the pigments, not to the fossil pigments themselves. A remarkable feature of the colour patterns of P. laevigatus is the presence of different fluorescence colours. Because a gradual shift of the fluorescence colour from yellow to red with decreasing intensity to finally non‐fluorescent is observed, which correlates with the provenance of the specimens, the fluorescence properties are interpreted to reflect differences in diagenetic history. The results show that the fluorescence colour of fossil molluscs, especially of Mesozoic molluscs, may be affected by diagenesis and should only be used with caution for taxonomic purposes.
High genetic diversity suggests a long evolutionary history of plum pox virus‐M in Turkey
Authors: Teber Saffet , Gürcan Kahraman , Brevet Marie , Palmisano Francesco , Candresse Thierry , Dallot Sylvie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the epidemic plum pox virus strain M (PPV‐M) have been poorly studied. We sequenced the genomes of 69 PPV‐M isolates selected from different Turkish regions. These new nearly full‐length genomic sequences were analysed together with 21 previously reported Turkish sequences of the PPV‐MIs clade and with 50 sequences of other PPV‐M isolates collected worldwide, including four sequences of Albanian isolates. Major genomic features were maintained in all new PPV‐M genomic sequences, with the highest divergence detected in the PIPO, P1 and CP proteins. Turkish PPV‐M isolates displayed a high genetic diversity and grouped into two sister clades, one formed by PPV‐MIs isolates only and a second clade consisting of the previously described PPV‐Ma and PPV‐Mb subclades. The combined diversity for PPV‐M isolates (Europe, Japan and Turkey) reached to 0.022 ± 0.001, which is slightly higher than the diversity of the globally distributed PPV‐D strain (0.017 ± 0.001). Likewise, the genetic diversity of PPV‐M (0.020 ± 0.001) in Turkey was found to be comparable to that observed for PPV‐M isolates from other countries (0.021 ± 0.001) and even marginally higher if considering partial genomic sequences that allow the inclusion of a much larger number of isolates and countries. Overall, the original distribution of PPV‐MIs, which seems to be almost specific to Turkey, and the high genetic diversity of PPV‐MIs and other Turkish PPV‐M isolates suggest a long evolutionary history of M isolates in Turkey and position this country as a centre of diversity of PPV‐M.
Does the impact of private education on growth differ at different levels of credit market development?
Authors: Hatcher Michael , Pourpourides Panayiotis M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing an overlapping generations model, we show that the impact of private financing of education on growth depends on credit market development, being positive when credit markets are adequately developed but negative if sufficiently low levels of credit market development occur alongside relatively high private financing intensities. Employing cross‐country data, we find that reduced‐form growth relationships are statistically significant and robust under various controls and samples. We also lay out conditions under which economies with missing credit markets are dynamically efficient and outperform, in terms of growth, economies with complete credit markets. The latter may explain large cross‐country differences in savings and growth, while facilitating the evaluation of policies on financing education.
Introducing the Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Sundström Aksel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe absence of young adults in elected legislative assemblies is a democratic deficit with potentially severe repercussions. Yet, research is rarely able to address the issue of age group representation systematically because we are lacking empirical information on the age distribution in parliaments. The Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set remedies this dearth of data. It provides information about the numerical presence of age groups in parliaments, spanning across the globe and over time and includes age data on legislators, such as the share of members of parliament (MPs) aged 30 years or under, 35 years or under, or 40 years or under. The data set also reports measures that compare the presence of legislators aged 30 years or under, aged 35 years or under, aged 40 years or under, aged 41 to 60 years, as well as aged 61 years or over in relation to the same age group in the general population of a given country. Moreover, it includes gendered figures, such as the presence of young female MPs. The WARP data set contains data for more than 700 elections in 149 countries, so far, and is freely available online. It allows for a novel analysis of the age composition of legislatures.