bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibial Strains During Prolonged Downhill Running: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Khassetarash Arash , Haider Ifaz , Baggaley Michael , Edwards W. Brent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBone strains in the lower extremity may be influenced by neuromuscular fatigue. In this study, we examined potential changes in finite element (FE) predicted tibial strains over the course of a fatiguing downhill-running protocol. Twelve physically active males ran for 30 min on an instrumented treadmill at a speed of 2.8 m s−1 and a grade of −11.3 deg. Motion capture and inverse-dynamic-based static optimization were used to estimate lower-extremity joint contact and muscle forces at the beginning, middle, and end stages of the downhill run. Finite element models of the tibia–fibula complex, from database-matched computed tomography images, were then used to estimate resulting 90th percentile strain (peak strain) and strained volume (volume of elements above 3000 με). In the fatigued state, peak ankle joint contact forces decreased an average of 8.1% (p &lt; 0.002) in the axial direction, but increased an average of 7.7% (p &lt; 0.042) in the anterior–posterior direction; consequently, finite element estimations of peak strain and strained volume were unaffected (p &gt; 0.190). Although neuromuscular fatigue may influence ankle joint contact forces, it may not necessarily influence tibial strains due to the complex, and sometimes nonintuitive, relationship between applied load and resulting bone strain.
Numerical Evaluations of an Uncemented Acetabular Component in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Effects of Loading and Interface Conditions
Authors: Saviour Ceby Mullakkara , Banerjee Chowdhury Joydeep , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing finite element (FE) models of intact and implanted hemipelvises, the study aimed to investigate the influences of musculoskeletal loading and implant–bone interface conditions on preclinical analysis of an uncemented acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty (THA). A new musculoskeletal loading dataset, corresponding to daily activities of sitting up–down, stairs up–down and normal walking, for a pelvic bone was generated based on previously validated Gait2392 model. Three implant–bone interface conditions, fully bonded and debonded having two rim press-fits (1 mm and 2 mm), were analyzed. High tensile (2000–2415 μϵ) and compressive strains (900–1035 μϵ) were predicted for 2 mm press-fit, which might evoke microdamage in pelvic cortex. Strain shielding in periprosthetic cancellous bone was higher for bonded condition during sitting up activity, compared to other combinations of interface and loading conditions. Only the nodes around acetabular rim (less than 6%) were susceptible to interfacial debonding. Although maximum micromotion increased with increase in press-fit, postoperatively for all load cases, these were within a favorable range (52–143 μm) for bone ingrowth. Micromotions reduced (39–105 μm) with bone remodeling, indicating lesser chances of implant migration. Bone apposition was predominant around acetabular rim, compared to dome, for all interface conditions. Periprosthetic bone resorption of 10–20% and bone apposition of 10–15% were predicted for bonded condition. Whereas for press-fit (1 mm and 2 mm), predominant bone apposition of 200–300% was observed. This study highlights the importance of variations in loading and interface conditions on in silico evaluations of an uncemented acetabular component.
A Revisit to the First-Principles Prediction of Interfacial Thermal Conductance of Layered Materials Using Diffuse Mismatch Model
Authors: He Jixiong , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among various models for estimating interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) across different material interfaces, the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) has been generally evaluated as a reliable approach for material interfaces at high temperatures. The previous works by DMM have indicated the correct order of magnitude of ITC in isotropic material interfaces. However, it cannot accurately reproduce the ITC for low-dimensional anisotropic layered materials that are desired for many potential applications. Also, the inappropriate mode matching process approximation of the phonon dispersion curve tends to overestimate the ITC. In this paper, we revisited and updated the numerical method in our previous work that utilizes a mode-to-mode comparison within the DMM framework to predict ITC with the first-principles accuracy. We employed this model to calculate ITCs between layered materials such as MoS2 and graphite and metals such as Al, Au, and Cr. We then compared our values with previous literature data from calculations of phonon dispersion curve and experimental data from time-domain thermoreflectance measurements. With a better mode matching algorithm, the updated numerical method can predict the ITCs with improved accuracy. Further analysis also confirmed that counting only the three acoustic modes and neglecting the low-frequency optical modes lead to significant underestimation of the ITC using DMM.
Modeling the Influence of Heat Transfer on Gas Hydrate Formation
Authors: Kar Aritra , Acharya Palash , Bhati Awan , Shahriari Arjang , Mhahdeshwar Ashish , Barckholtz Timothy A. , Bahadur Vaibhav 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gas hydrates are crystalline structures of water and gas which form at high pressures and low temperatures. Hydrates have important applications in carbon sequestration, desalination, gas separation, gas transportation and influence flow assurance in oil-gas production. Formation of gas hydrates involves mass diffusion, chemical kinetics and phase change (which necessitates removal of the heat of hydrate formation). When hydrates are synthesized artificially inside reactors, the heat released raises the temperature of the water inside the reactor and reduces the rate of hydrate formation (since the driving force is reduced). An examination of literature shows that there is inadequate understanding of the coupling between heat and mass transfer during hydrate formation. Current models treat heat and mass transfer separately during hydrate formation. In this study, we develop a first principles-based mathematical framework to couple heat and mass transfer during hydrate formation. Our model explores the difference between “actual subcooling” and “apparent subcooling” in the hydrate forming system. The apparent subcooling depends on the targeted reactor temperature and is supposedly, the driving force for hydrate growth. However, due to the increase in temperature of the reactor, the actual subcooling is lower than the apparent subcooling. All these effects are modeled for a 1-D hydrate forming reactor. Results of our simulations are compared with some experimental observations from literature. We also present mathematical scaling to determine the temperature rise in a hydrate-forming reactor. In addition to artificial synthesis of hydrates, the mathematical framework developed can also be applied to other hydrate forming systems (flow assurance, hydrate formation in nature).
Europa Lander Terminal Sterilization Subsystem (TSS) Thermal Model Verification and Validation (V&V) and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) Processes
Authors: Irick Kevin W. , Voskuilen Tyler , Sakievich Phil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has a keen interest in exploring icy moons in the solar system, particularly Jupiter’s Europa. Successful exploration of the moon’s surface includes planetary protection initiatives to prevent the introduction of viable organisms from Earth to Europa. To that end, the Europa lander requires a Terminal Sterilization Subsystem (TSS) to rid the lander of viable organisms that would potentially contaminate the moon’s environment. Sandia National Laboratories has been developing a TSS architecture, relying heavily on computational models to support TSS development. Sandia’s TSS design approach involves using energetic material to thermally sterilize lander components at the end of the mission. A hierarchical modeling approach was used for system development and analysis, where simplified systems were constructed to perform empirical tests for evaluating energetic material formulation development and assist in developing computational models with multiple tiers of physics fidelity. Computational models have been developed using multiple Sandia-native computational tools. Three experimental systems and corresponding computational models have been developed: Tube, Sub-Box Small, and Sub-Box Large systems. This paper presents an explanation of the application context of the TSS along with an overview description of a small portion of the TSS development from a modeling and simulation perspective, specifically highlighting verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) aspects of the modeling and simulation work. Multiple VVUQ approaches were implemented during TSS development, including solution verification, calibration, uncertainty quantification, global sensitivity analysis, and validation. This paper is not intended to express the design results or parameter values used to model the TSS but to communicate the approaches used and how the results of the VVUQ efforts were used and interpreted to assist system development.
An Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Jet Impingement Arrays
Authors: Cao Zhen , Sundén Bengt , Fu Jiahong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Jet impingement cooling is an effective way for thermal management in electronics, prevailed over many other single heat transfer modes. In general, jet arrays are better than a single jet, enhancing jet cooling performance. However, the performance of jet arrays is strongly dependent on the jet configurations, e.g., adjacent jet interval and hole-to-surface distance. Thus, in this study, jet impingement cooling is investigated on a flat heating surface placed in a channel, including in-line double jet cooling, in-line three jet cooling, and in-line four jet cooling. It is known that the outlet configuration could influence the jet performance because of the crossflow effect, and herein the outlet is designed to have intermediate crossflow only. The local Nusselt number distribution is experimentally measured by the liquid crystal method. Then the effect of the adjacent jet interval on the jet cooling performance on the target surface is compared. It is found that the jet array indeed enhances heat transfer. For example, based on the results, it is seen that in comparison to crossflow cooling, the average Nusselt number is improved by 34% by the in-line double jet cooling, and correspondingly the maximum Nusselt number is enhanced by 51%.
Investigations on Improving the Performance of Solid Desiccant Cooling Systems With Passive Radiative Sky Cooling Modules
Authors: Pan A. , Chen Siru , Ho Tsz Chung , Lee Hau Him , Tso Chi Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Solid desiccant cooling (SDC) systems are alternatives to conventional vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems for indoor air conditioning. Also, passive radiative sky cooling (PRSC) has been shown as an effective electricity-free technology for cooling. PRSC technology has also been incorporated in some air conditioning systems, which were demonstrated to improve system performance considerably. However, the use of PRSC technology in SDC systems has not yet been reported. In this work, a new SDC system was introduced, featuring the use of the PRSC component, i.e., radiative cooling panels, for cooling the supply air to improve the system performance. Mathematical models were developed for each component in the system, after which the models were combined to establish the simulation model of the whole system. The models were validated by comparing with the results in other papers. The performance of the conventional and the newly introduced hybrid SDC systems were evaluated with the established simulation models under the typical hot and humid weather condition in Hong Kong. The performance improvement by adding the PRSC component in the hybrid SDC system was analysed by comparing with the performance of the conventional SDC system. It is shown that the use of the PRSC component can further improve the cooling performance of the SDC system by lowering the air temperature by 3 °C approximately. Therefore, the new hybrid SDC systems with the PRSC component provide a more energy efficient method for indoor air conditioning than conventional SDC systems, especially in hot and humid regions, like Hong Kong.
Parameters of Micro-Nano Structured Surface on Condensation Heat Transfer Performance of Steam With Various Amounts of Non-Condensable Gas: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Peng Benli , Sheng Wenlong , Zhou Yong , Qiu Meizhuting , He Zhengyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The parameters of micro-nano structured superhydrophobic surfaces is significant to the dropwise condensation heat transfer of steam with non-condensable gas but the theoretical model has not been structured completely. A theoretical model is structured based on the thermal resistance analysis in this study and applied to analyze the effect of the parameters of the micro-nano structures. The results clearly illustrate that an optimum relative micro-pillar spacing exists and strongly depends of the volumetric fraction of non-condensable gas. The optimum relative micro-pillar spacing increases with the increase of the volumetric fraction of non-condensable gas when the volumetric fraction is lower than 20% but an opposite trend is found when the volumetric fraction is higher than 20%. Moreover, the relative nano-pillar spacing can also significantly affect the optimum relative micro-pillar spacing. Smaller relative nano-pillar spacing induces higher optimum relative micro-pillar spacing. Surface subcooling causes more complicated influence to the relative optimum micro-pillar spacing. Subsequently, the results supply the primary information for optimizing the micro-nano structured surfaces that can induce the condensation heat transfer enhancement of steam with random volumetric fraction of non-condensable gas.
Numerical Investigation on Shell and Tube Latent Thermal Energy Storage Partially Filled With Metal Foam and Corrugated Internal Tube
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , Manca Oronzio , Nardini Sergio , Plomitallo Renato Elpidio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A numerical investigation on Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS), based on a phase change material (PCM) partially filled with metal foam, is accomplished. The geometry of the system is a vertical shell and tube LHTES made with two concentric aluminum tubes with the internal tube corrugated. The corrugated internal surface of the hollow cylinder is assumed at a constant temperature above the melting temperature of the PCM to simulate the heat transfer from a hot fluid. The other external surfaces are assumed adiabatic. The phase change of the PCM is modelled with the enthalpy porosity theory while the metal foam is considered as a porous media that obeys to the Darcy-Forchheimer law. Local thermal equilibrium (LTE) model is assumed to analyze the metal foam. Numerical simulations for PCM and PCM in the porous medium in LTE assumptions are obtained and their results are compared in terms of melting time, temperature fields and energy stored. The results show that the heat transfer in the LHTES system improves giving a very faster phase change process when the presence of metal foam increases.
Review of Datasets and Correlations for Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure Ethanol and Ethanol/Water Binary Mixtures
Authors: ElFaham Mohamed , Tang Clement C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two-phase flow heat transfer has gained an extensive focus over the past decades in many industrial applications and thermal systems. Flow involving phase change due to boiling or condensation exhibits much higher heat transfer coefficient compared to single-phase flow when it is only sensible heat transfer involved. The knowledge of heat transfer coefficients and their parametric behaviors can be utilized to improve the accuracy of models used for designing and optimizing heat transfer equipment for more effective thermal management applications. In two-phase flow boiling heat transfer, the working fluid can be a single pure fluid or a binary fluid mixture. In the present study, a systematic methodology is used to compare the available correlations and experimental data in the literature for pure ethanol and ethanol/water binary mixtures at various physical properties. When evaluating the experimental data available in the literature, the availability of data for flow boiling of ethanol, both as pure fluid or binary mixtures, is found to be limited. The current data that this study has collected for flow boiling of ethanol covers the ranges for mass flux of 0.33 to 290 kg/m2·s, heat flux of 2.8 to 104 kW/m2, operating gage pressure of 18 to 135 kPa, and saturation temperature of 40 to 87°C. The correlations that have high accuracies in predicting the experimental data available in the literature are identified and discussed.
A Numerical Study on the Effect of Physical Changes of Air Distribution Setup on the Heating Performance of a Forced Air Circulation System
Authors: Akula Vincent , Sebastian Anish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a potential to reduce residential energy consumption by harnessing “accessible and cost-effective technologies” such as a highly efficient heating system. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out on the baseline and modified versions of the baseline residential building’s heating system. The results are compared to investigate optimization opportunities. The modifications were limited to a specified room which included changing the location of air vents, the size of the air vents and the air flowrate. Performance criteria for the models included ASHRAE’s thermal comfort assessment, freshness of air using Simscale’s passive scalar source tool, heating efficiency, temperature distribution and air velocity efficiency. The results show that models with a higher air supply vents performed better particularly for thermal comfort and air velocity efficiency while lower air supply models performed better for temperature distribution and heating efficiency. The models which showed better performance for heating and temperature distribution did not meet standards for thermal comfort, but the results provide a roadmap for innovative energy-efficient residential heating systems design.
Experimental Investigation and Heat Transfer Analysis of Innovative Thermal Mechanical Refrigeration System Compared to Electric Compressor
Authors: Sleiti Ahmad K. , Al-Ammari Wahib A. , Al-Khawaja Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current electric refrigeration and air condition systems are major causes for ozone depletion and global warming. These systems consume large percent of the worldwide gross production of electricity (around 17%). Therefore, developing new refrigeration systems that are able to work using renewable sources (solar, geothermal, etc) and waste heat sources is necessary to address these problems. In this paper, an experimental investigation and heat transfer analysis of an innovative thermal-mechanical refrigeration (TMR) system are presented. The TMR system replaces the electric compressor of the conventional refrigeration systems with an expander-compressor unit (ECU). The ECU can be driven by ultra-low temperature heat sources, has simple configuration, and high flexibility for the operating conditions. A hybrid electric-compressor and ECU refrigeration experimental setup was built to investigate the performance of the ECU and compare it to the electric compressor with R134a as the working fluid. The effect of the major operating parameters (condenser and evaporator pressures and temperatures) on the performance of the electric and TMR systems are investigated and analyzed. The results show that a maximum COP is obtained at refrigerant mass of 30g in electric mode and at refrigerant mass of 60g in ECU mode. A comparison of the TMR to other existing thermal refrigeration systems showed that most of these systems have more complex configurations, lower COP, and higher capital costs.
Non-Intrusive Cooling System Fault Detection and Diagnostics Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Pandey Hari , Waldo Weston , Hu Han 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Power intensification and miniaturization of electronics and energy systems are causing a critical challenge for thermal management. Single-phase heat transfer mechanisms including natural and forced convection of air and liquids cannot meet the ever-increasing demands. Two-phase heat transfer modes, such as evaporation, pool boiling, flow boiling, have much higher cooling capacities but are limited by a variety of practical instabilities, e.g., the critical heat flux (CHF), aka departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) in the nuclear industry, flow maldistribution, flow reversal, among others. These instabilities are often triggered suddenly during normal operation, and if not identified and mitigated in time, will lead to overheating issues and detrimental device failures. For example, when CHF is triggered during pool boiling, the device temperature can ramp up in the order of 150 °C/min. It is thus critical to implement real-time detection and mitigation algorithms for two-phase cooling. In the present work, we have developed an accurate and reliable technology for fault detection of high-performance two-phase cooling systems by coupling acoustic emission (AE) with multimodal fusion using deep learning. We have leveraged the contact AE sensor attached to the heater and hydrophones immersed in the working fluid to enable non-invasive fault detection.
Implementation of a Model Predictive Control Strategy to Regulate Temperature Inside Plug-Flow Solar Reactor With Counter-Current Flow
Authors: AlSahlani Assaad , Randhir Kelvin , Hayes Michael , Schimmels Philipp , Ozalp Nesrin , Klausner James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a model predictive controller (MPC) to regulate temperature inside a tubular solar reactor for production of solid-state solar fuel as a long-term thermal storage. The reactor tube is surrounded with heating elements over a portion of its length defined as the heating zone where the reaction occurs. Inert particles enter the reactor from its top-end and they flow downward due to gravity. Simultaneously, a counter-current flowing gas is supplied from the lower end of the reactor to recuperate the sensible heat and mix with the inert particles. The solar fuel is produced via a thermochemical reaction that occurs at a temperature range between 1000°C and 1500°C. This system is analyzed numerically to formulate a low-order physical model considering heat transfer modes and the reaction kinetics. The numerical model is implemented to design a model-based MPC controller where the measured temperature inside the heating zone is fed back to the control system and the control system produces control actions fed to the reactor in a closed-loop. The control system consists of a MPC code linked to an adaptive system identification code that updates system parameters online to ensure system robustness against external disturbances, model mismatches, and uncertainty. The MPC controller parameters are tuned to optimize the system performance with minimum steady-state error and overshoot. The controller is tested to track different temperature ranges between 1000°C and 1500°C with different particles/gas mass flow rates and ramping temperature profiles. Results show that the MPC controller was successful in regulating the reactor temperature within ± 5°C of its setpoint and maintaining robust performance with minimum input effort when subjected to external disturbances.