bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Social Factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples in Kaduna State Nigeria.
Authors: Danboyi Daniel Abba 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Discordance has always been a bane in the efforts to stop the spread of HIV within the population as it creates a gap through which re-infection occurs. Knowing the demographics associated with discordance will help in the fight against HIV AIDS transmission. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the demographic and social factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples.Methods: A total of 158 couples and 317 individuals were recruited for the survey using a stratified sampling technique. A detailed closed-ended questionnaire was administered to them to collect their demographic and social information. A blood test was also carried out to confirm their HIV status.Results: The majority 161(50.8%) of respondents had secondary education while the least 29(9.1%) of them had tertiary education. Most of the 135(42.6%) knew their HIV status by voluntary testing, and most respondents 255(71%) were Christians while only 92(29%) were Muslims. More women 105(66.04%) were HIV positive, and the HIV discordance prevalence for Kaduna State was 0.2%. Social factors such as education, employment, unprotected sex, extramarital affairs, body marks/tattoo, surgery/operation, tribal marks, and blood transfusion did not affect HIV discordance, p-value ˃ 0.05. Other social factors such as remarriage, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-marital sex, male/female circumcision, and polygamy were found to affect HIV discordance, p-value ˂ 0.05. Conclusions: There is a need to draw the attention of HIV- infected couples to these facts to succeed in the global war against HIV AIDS.
Abnormal Brain Functional and Structural Connectivity Between the Left Supplementary Motor Area and Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Hu Junwen , Li Yin , Li Zhaoqing , Chen Jingyin , Cao Yang , Xu Duo , Zheng Leilei , Bai Ruiliang , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Disruption of brain functional connectivity has been detected after stroke, but whether it also occurs in moyamoya disease (MMD) is unknown. Impaired functional connectivity is always correlated with abnormal white matter fibers. Herein, we used multimodal imaging techniques to explore the changes in brain functional and structural connectivity in MMD patients.
Methods
We collected structural images, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging for each subject. Cognitive functions of MMD patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B). We calculated the functional connectivity for every paired region using 90 regions of interest from the Anatomical Automatic Labeling Atlas and then determined the differences between MMD patients and HCs. We extracted the functional connectivity of paired brain regions with significant differences between the two groups. Correlation analyses were then performed between the functional connectivity and variable cognitive functions. To explore whether the impaired functional connectivity and cognitive performances were attributed to the destruction of white matter fibers, we further analyzed fiber integrity using tractography between paired regions that were correlated with cognition.
Results
There was lower functional connectivity in MMD patients as compared to HCs between the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, between the bilateral supramarginal gyrus, between the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGorb), and between the left SMA and the left middle temporal gyrus (P < 0.01, FDR corrected). The decreased functional connectivity between the left SMA and the left IFGorb was significantly correlated with the MMSE (r = 0.52, P = 0.024), MoCA (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), and TMT-B (r = 0.54, P = 0.048) in MMD patients. White matter fibers were also injured between the SMA and IFGorb in the left hemisphere and were positively correlated with reduced functional connectivity.
Conclusions
Brain functional and structural connectivity between the supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere are damaged in MMD. These findings could be useful in the evaluation of disease progression and prognosis of MMD.
Color Transparent Monitor using Nanoparticles with Electrically Tunable Viewing Angle
Authors: Seyyedi M. , Rostami Ali , Mirtagioglu Hamit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a transparent display with an electrically tunable viewing angle is proposed and numerically simulated. In this work, Si-SiO2 nanoparticles as core-shell geometry in a periodic array are used. The nanoparticles used in this simulation can be designed in such a way that to absorb less at the blue, green, and red wavelengths. These nanoparticles are stacked horizontally. In this article, by applying a certain amount of voltage at different angles to the transparent screen, the user is given the ability to provide the transparent screen so that, by adjusting the viewing angle of the transparent screen, the content on the transparent screen will be hidden from the view of the people next to the user.
Optimization of a Groundwater-Monitoring Network For an Industrial Site by The Combination of MCLP and GAMS Techniques (Case Study: Shazand Oil Refinery, Iran)
Authors: Vaezihir Abdorreza , Qobadian Sanaz , Azimi Reza , Tabarmayeh Mehri 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this research, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) method was employed to discretize Shazand Refinery Complex in Iran and the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) model was used to optimize boreholes number. In an industrial area like an oil refinery, the contents of storage tanks, leakage history, groundwater flow direction and the facility’s leakage potential can be considered as the weighting factors for the GAMS model. As the fourth refinery of Iran from the production volume value view of point, the Shazand Oil Refinery imposes a high risk of leakage into the underlying aquifer and was chosen for this study to evaluate the applicability of the MCLP and GAMS methods at the refinery field scale. Due to optimization, the initial estimated number of boreholes by the MCLP model for the study area was reduced from 410 to 230. A high density of optimal boreholes was dedicated to the processing unit area and storage yard because of a given priority for these areas that have a history of leakage and those located downgradient of the tanks containing light oil products. The contamination potential map shows that high potential areas correspond with a high density of boreholes located at the north, west and east parts of the refinery site. The network was installed with the drilling of 65 monitoring wells and a round of sampling was carried out. Analysis for oil compounds revealed the aquifer contaminated areas and confirmed the monitoring network efficiency and accuracy of the applied designing method.
Monitoring soil parameters affecting the forest fuel dryness
Authors: Bazarov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Kurakov Sergey Anatolievich , Bazarova Aryun Sergeevna , Bashkuev Yuri Buddich 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Soil moisture affects the moisture content of forest fuels and therefore flammability. However, due to the lack of a previously long series of soil moisture data based on observations, previous studies have taken into account fuel and soil moisture by calculating special indices based on meteorological indicators. The growing availability of soil moisture data is now making their inclusion in forest fire risk assessments more feasible. Sources of soil moisture information generally fall into one of three broad categories: in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing, and models. There are no open data on soil moisture measurements, and the soil temperature data series ends in 2013 in Russia.Results: In our work, we present a tool for monitoring soil parameters SMAT-meter. The device is designed for autonomous automatic measurement of soil moisture and temperature, and data transmission to the Recorder Control Center via cellular communication. Power is supplied by a solar panel. SMAT-meter measurements will provide in situ soil moisture and temperature data for forest fire hazard modeling.Conclusions: SMART-meter allows you to organize monitoring of the hydrothermal regime of soils. Weather station data covers the need for atmospheric meteorological data. Copies of the SMAT-meter on various types of soils, organized in a network, in conjunction with weather stations, can provide comprehensive monitoring of the onset of forest fire danger.
The Effect of Nurse Practitioner (NP-led) Care on Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis - A Randomized Trial
Authors: Penelope Smyth , Watson Kaitlyn E. , Hamarneh Yazid N. Al , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Care for People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is increasingly complex, requiring innovations in care. Canada has high rates of MS; it is challenging for general neurologists to optimally care for PwMS with busy office practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of add-on Nurse Practitioner (NP)-led care for PwMS on depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), compared to usual care (community neurologist, family physician).
Methods
PwMS followed by community neurologists were randomized to add-on NP-led or Usual care for 6 months. Primary outcome was the change in HADS at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were HADS (6 months), EQ5D, MSIF, CAREQOL-MS, at 3 and 6 months, and Consultant Satisfaction Survey (6 months).
Results
We recruited 248 participants; 228 completed the trial (NP-led care arm n = 120, Usual care arm n = 108). There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Study subjects were highly educated (71.05%), working full-time (41.23%), living independently (68.86%), with mean age of 47.32 (11.09), mean EDSS 2.53 (SD 2.06), mean duration since MS diagnosis 12.18 years (SD 8.82) and 85% had relapsing remitting MS. Mean change in HADS depression (3 months) was: -0.41 (SD 2.81) NP-led care group vs 1.11 (2.98) Usual care group p = 0.001, sustained at 6 months; for anxiety, -0.32 (2.73) NP-led care group vs 0.42 (2.82) Usual care group, p = 0.059. Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different. There was no difference in satisfaction of care in the NP-led care arm (63.83 (5.63)) vs Usual care (62.82 (5.45)), p = 0.194).
Conclusion
Add-on NP-led care improved depression compared to usual neurologist care and 3 and 6 months in PwMS, and there was no difference in satisfaction with care. Further research is needed to explore how NPs could enrich care provided for PwMS in healthcare settings.
Trial registration:
retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04388592, 14/05/2020)
Optimizing Clinical Outcomes for Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization in Patients with Complete PANDO
Authors: Javate Reynaldo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to describe modifications and refinements in the technique and technology of Transcanalicular Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization (TELDR) based on anatomical foundations to optimize its clinical outcomes in patients with complete Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (PANDO).
Methods
The medical records of 115 patients who underwent Transcanalicular Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization procedures from January 2018 to July 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 115 patients, only those 35 patients with complete PANDO characterized by longstanding epiphora of 5–7 years duration, dense, diffuse fibrous tissue obstruction involving the sac, sac duct junction and the entire length of the nasolacrimal duct were included in the study. Parameters for success were analyzed based on patency on irrigation, functional endoscopic dye test, and improvement of epiphora.
Results
Forty-five cases from 35 patients with complete PANDO were included in the study. The mean length of time from the date of operation to silicone stent removal was 8.1 weeks while the mean length of follow-up starting from the removal of silicone stent to last follow-up was 61.0 weeks. There were 95.6% anatomic patency on canalicular irrigation with saline and 95.6% functional patency based on functional endoscopic dye test. There was significant improvement of epiphora (p-value of < 0.0001) post-operatively.
Conclusion
The results of modified TELDR improved clinical outcomes and could be a definitive treatment in patients with complete PANDO with longstanding, dense, diffuse, fibrous tissue obstruction. Patients who experience reobstruction, may undergo a repeat of the recanalization approach.
Immunization with inactivated whole virus particle influenza virus vaccines induces superior immunity in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Chua Brendon , Sekiya Toshiki , Koutsakos Marios , Nomura Naoki , Rowntree Louise , Nguyen Thi , McQuilten Hayley , Ohno Marumi , Ohara Yuki , Nishimura Tomohiro , Endo Masafumi , Itoh Yasushi , Habel Jennifer , Selva Kevin , Wheatley Adam , Wines Bruce , Hogarth P. Mark , Kent Stephen , Chung Amy , Jackson David , Brown Lorena , Shingai Masashi , Kedzierska Katherine , Kida Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Influenza viruses circulate globally, causing seasonal influenza outbreaks. Although antibody-inducing vaccines are the most effective way to combat seasonal infections, current vaccines can have poor efficacy, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. We investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of monovalent and quadrivalent formulations of the whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) in comparison to the commonly used split vaccines (SVs) in a non-human primate model. Naïve cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either monovalent or quadrivalent WPV formulations consistently induced a stronger neutralizing antibody response against vaccine-matched virus strains, while reactogenicity was minimal. In contrast to the modest responses in SV-vaccinated animals, responses in WPV-primed animals were further increased by boosting with either formulation. Using a 28-parameter multiplex bead array to define key antibody features, we found that while both WPV and SV induced elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 nucleoprotein, only WPV elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 haemagglutinin (HA) and HA-Stem after each vaccine dose. Higher IgA responses to A/H1N1-HA were also induced after each WPV dose. Antibodies to A/H1N1-HA and HA-Stem that could engage FcγR2a and FcγR3a were present at higher levels after one dose of WPV compared to SV and remained elevated after the second dose. WPV-enhanced antibody responses were associated with higher frequencies of HA-reactive B-cells and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data suggest that robust antibody responses require WPV to be given as a priming dose but do not depend on the vaccine type used for the second dose. In contrast, antibody responses are not as prominent when SV is given first. Our findings support vaccination regimens using WPV, which may be particularly beneficial for priming immunologically-naïve individuals, such as the young and immunocompromised, and also advantageous in the event of a pandemic outbreak.
Real-world Changes in Injection Frequency and Visual Outcomes Over Time in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Kang Kyung Hye , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To evaluate time-dependent changes in injection frequency and visual outcome for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).METHODS: This retrospective study included 667 patients (667 eyes) diagnosed with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD and PCV in 2013 (2013 group), 2015 (2015 group), 2017 (2017 group), and 2019 (2019 group). The number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and degrees of changes in visual acuity during the first 24 months after diagnosis were compared among the four time groups.RESULTS: During 24 months, the 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 groups received means of 5.7 ± 2.7, 6.0 ± 2.8, 6.6 ± 3.0, and 6.9 ± 3.3 injections anti-VEGF injections, respectively. The number of injections was significantly higher in the 2019 group than in the 2013 and 2015 groups (P = 0.003). The mean degree of visual change during the 24 months follow-up period was 0.07 ± 0.55 deterioration in the 2013 group, 0.01 ± 0.51 deterioration in the 2015 group, 0.08 ± 0.50 improvement in the 2017 group, and 0.04 ± 0.48 improvement in the 2019 group. There was a significant difference in the degree of visual changes among the four groups (P = 0.020).CONCLUSION: There was a trend of increasing injection frequency over time and the visual outcome was relatively better in patients diagnosed in the later period. This trend should be considered when predicting the future socioeconomic burden of neovascular AMD and PCV.
In-house Processing of 3-D printable Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filaments and the effect of Fused Deposition Modelling parameters on 3D Printed PEEK structures
Authors: Challa Bharath Tej , Gummadi Sudeep Kumar , Elhattab Karim , Ahlstrom Jordan , Sikder Prabaha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
3D printing, specifically Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) of Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), is one of the most powerful and efficient state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques. However, FDM of PEEK is challenging. Indeed, it is critical to consider specific 3D printing parameters and filament feedstock quality to achieve optimum mechanical properties in the 3D printed PEEK parts. In this paper, we investigate the effect of specific 3D printing parameters such as nozzle and chamber temperature, print speed, and layer height on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK. Moreover, we explore the effect of filament quality on the structures’ mechanical properties. In that regard, we developed PEEK filaments using a customized extruder setup in-house and used those laboratory-developed filaments (LD) to 3D print PEEK structures suitable for mechanical testing (tensile, compression, and flexural testing), and compared them to the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts that were developed using commercially available (CA) filaments. Results indicate that an optimum combination of a nozzle and chamber temperature, print speed, and layer height is appropriate to achieve 3D printed parts with optimum mechanical properties. Notably, results confirmed no significant differences between the specimen groups developed using LD and CA filaments, highlighting that the LD filaments were of comparable quality to the CA ones. The highest mean strengths recorded for the parts printed with the LD filaments were: 106.45 MPa (compressive), 85.43 MPa (tensile), and 102.63 MPa (flexural). This paper confirms that high-quality PEEK-based filaments can be developed in-house to yield 3D printed PEEK parts with optimum mechanical properties.
Study of Deformation and Fracture of High Strength Steel Sheet during Conventional and Robust Trimming by Conducting Partial Trimming Tests
Authors: Cui Zeyuan , Green Daniel , Alpas Ahmet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-strength steels are used in the automotive industry for weight reduction and improved vehicle crashworthiness. In this work, an instrumented trimming die equipped with D2 steel inserts with sharp edges was used to trim DP980 sheets with clearances of 10%, 20% and 30% of the sheet thickness. Trimming trials were conducted either without a support pad under the scrap piece (conventional trimming) or with it (robust trimming). The deformation and fracture mechanisms in the shear affected zone (SAZ) at the sheared edge of DP980 sheet specimens were investigated by performing partial trimming tests and using a new metallographic preparation method as well as 3D surface profilometry. For 10% clearance under conventional trimming, the damage distribution within the SAZ was practically symmetrical and the shearing mechanism consisted of cracks propagating simultaneously from the upper and lower surfaces of the sheet toward each other. However, the damage distribution became asymmetrical and the shearing mechanisms changed when the clearance was increased to 30%: the crack was initiated from the upper surface and propagated toward the lower surface resulting in the formation of a tensile-type burr. At 30% clearance, the robust trimming process (with a support pad) prevented the bending of the scrap piece resulting in a symmetrical damage distribution within the SAZ. In this case, a crack was initiated from the bottom surface of the sheet near the lower trim edge, and subsequently, another crack initiated from the upper surface, result in a decrease in upper die penetrations at the onset of fracture and at the end of trimming progress compare with conventional trimming. By using sharp die edge under robust trimming process, an improved sheared edge quality is achieved at larger clearances and this will help to reduce the production costs associated with dulling the die edge and the alignment of trim dies when the clearance is tight.
Research on deep drawing with multi-ring blank holder technique
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Qin Siji , Meng Linyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel multi-ring blank holder technique is developed. The blank holding force (BHF) provided by each ring can be independently and effectively applied on all radial regions. The principles and advantages of the multi-ring technique are first explained and analyzed by theoretical derivation, stress analysis, and forming simulation. The results indicate that the distribution of the blank holder force per unit area (FUA) applied by the new blank holder technique is more reasonable than using the conventional single blank holder, and can better suppress the wrinkles. Finally, the effectiveness of the multi-ring blank holder technique is proven by a deep drawing experiment of the 08Al plate. It is verified that due to the reasonable FUA distribution, the use of the blank holder technique can suppress the wrinkles on the flange very well.