bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le gisement à étain–cuivre–indium de Charrier (Allier) : un skarnoïde viséen (340 Ma) traceur de la métallogenèse varisque du nord Massif central
Authors: Marcoux Éric , Poujol Marc , Wadier Pierre 
Published: November 2022

Charrier est un petit gisement de cuivre–étain riche en indium de type skarnoïde du Forez (nord du Massif central). Il est encaissé dans une série volcanosédimentaire du Dévono-dinantien au contact du granite viséen des Bois-noirs. Sa genèse comprend une étape précoce oxydée de haute température (vers 550–350 °C) à cassitérite–magnétite, suivie d’une étape réduite sulfurée (vers 350–250 °C) à bornite–chalcopyrite dominantes avec wittichénite, tennantite, sphalérite, bismuthinite et roquesite (CuInS2) qui se déroule en conditions de pH acide et de faible fugacité en soufre. L’apatite hydrothermale fournit un âge U–Pb de 340,7 ± 2,6 Ma identique à celui du granite (341 ± 4 Ma) ; il est confirmé par l’âge U–Pb de 332 ± 12 Ma obtenu sur cassitérite. Le gisement s’est donc formé au début de l’extension tardi-varisque par l’action des fluides magmatiques à Sn–Bi–In issus du granite des Bois-noirs (341 ± 4 Ma) ayant interagi avec la série volcanosédimentaire. Charrier pourrait traduire la superposition d’un district à cuivre sur une vaste ceinture à étain (et tungstène), ce qui suggère la présence d’autres gisements de cuivre/étain dans cette région. Cette superposition est bonifiée par une richesse particulière en indium du nord-Forez, ce métal s’exprimant du Viséen (roquesite de Charrier) jusqu’au Lias (sphalérite à indium des filons plombo–zincifères), illustration du phénomène de permanence métallique.
Safe and Efficient Continuous-Flow Synthesis and Batchwise Hydrolysis of Ethyl 5-Acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate: A Key Synthon of Darolutamide
Authors: Volk Balázs , Keserű György M. , Szilágyi Bence , Egyed Attila , Mándity István , Nagy Tamás , Kátai-Fadgyas Katalin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA safe and metal-free process using ethyl glycinate hydrochloride as the starting material has been developed for the preparation of ethyl 5-acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, a key intermediate for the synthesis of potential blockbuster drug substance darolutamide. In the key step, the toxic and explosive intermediate, ethyl diazoacetate was generated and used in situ. Reaction parameters were optimized for both the batchwise and the continuous-flow variant of the synthesis. In the next step, alkaline hydrolysis of the ester led to 5-acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, which can not only be used as a darolutamide intermediate, but it can also be considered as a valuable building block for other types of organic and medicinal chemistry transformations.
Toward AlGaN channel HEMTs on AlN: Polarization-induced 2DEGs in AlN/AlGaN/AlN heterostructures
Authors: Singhal Jashan , Chaudhuri Reet , Hickman Austin , Protasenko Vladimir , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep 
Published: November 2022

Due to its high breakdown electric field, the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor AlGaN has garnered much attention recently as a promising channel material for next-generation high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). A comprehensive experimental study of the effects of Al composition x on the transport and structural properties is lacking. We report the charge control and transport properties of polarization-induced 2D electron gases (2DEGs) in strained AlGaN quantum well channels in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown AlN/AlxGa1−xN/AlN double heterostructures by systematically varying the Al content from x = 0 (GaN) to x = 0.74, spanning energy bandgaps of the conducting HEMT channels from 3.49 to 4.9 eV measured by photoluminescence. This results in a tunable 2DEG density from 0 to 3.7 × 1013 cm2. The room temperature mobilities of x ≥ 0.25 AlGaN channel HEMTs were limited by alloy disorder scattering to below 50 cm2/(V.s) for these 2DEG densities, leaving ample room for further heterostructure design improvements to boost mobilities. A characteristic alloy fluctuation energy of ≥1.8 eV for electron scattering in AlGaN alloy is estimated based on the temperature dependent electron transport experiments.
Classifiers in a language with articles
Authors: Post Mark W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClassifiers in Tani languages are similar in scale and semantic contents to the systems of better-known classifier languages such as Thai and Mandarin. Yet they are unusual in co-existing with an ancient and well-grammaticalised referential management system including both definite and indefinite articles, in lacking a generic classifier, in tending not to use a classifier with human referents, and in occurring exclusively to the right of head nouns, in the order [N CLF NUM]. They are also relatively more lexeme-like, occurring less frequently and with more semantic control than do the classifiers of many other East/Southeast Asian languages. This article will present a basic description of Tani classifier systems, and argue for their relatively recent development through the mechanism of a repeater construction functioning within a pre-existing [A-B B-C] template for taxonomic compound formation. Although this development is similar to pathways attested for other Asian languages, Tani classifiers do not share the same set of functional and distributional outcomes.
A multimodal cognitive critical analysis
Authors: Pan Yanyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper makes a comparative study of recruitment advertisements between China and the United States from the perspective of Multimodal Cognitive Critical Analysis. Based on the analysis of metaphor and metonymy, the paper reveals the differences between them in contents, narrative strategies and combination of semiotic resources. In terms of contents, there are varying degrees of emphasis on military mission, income, values, and mental health. In terms of narrative strategies, China adopts a “parental” strategy, while the United States adopts a “corporate” strategy. As to the combination of semiotic resources, China and the United States differ in their use of cartoons and posters, and adopt different shooting angles of posters. This study holds that military conscription is not only a political activity, but also a platform to construct positive image of Chinese soldiers and demonstrate the strength of China’s military forces. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly adjust the above factors according to the characteristics of the era and reading habits of the viewers.
The prototypical approach and the factors affecting the teaching and learning of prepositions
Authors: Kaw Manisha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is a critical review of the approach based on a polysemy network model applied to teaching prepositions. The analysis brings forth the inherent limitations of this model in explaining less prototypical senses and in leading second language learners to discover a contextualized interpretation of a preposition that may vary subtly from the meaning represented in the model; the model also fails to take conceptual differences between metonym and metaphor into account and assumes that these concepts would be familiar to ESL learners. As will be discussed, methodological modifications could yield more effective results. It is also suggested that a micro-level analysis of each individual sense is required to identify the learning outcomes of the intervention to ascertain that this approach is resourceful in teaching a range of senses in the polysemy network model.
An aspectual account of constructions headed by unergatives and unaccusatives
Authors: Zhou Xiaotao , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article presents an aspectual account of the interface between lexicon and syntax. Following Tenny’s AIH (Aspectual Interface Hypothesis), we assume that only the aspectual property of lexical information is sensitive and predictive to argument structure. Based on this assumption, the article claims that aspectual roles associated with measuring-out and delimitedness offer a single and unified account of argument structure. To begin with, a peculiar focus is given to the direct internal argument which serves as the only measuring-out role and participates the measurement constraint in three verb types including the incremental-theme verbs, the change-of-state verbs and route verbs with path objects, Another aspectual property is delimitedenss that functions as the terminus role of event progression in the form of delimiting markers such as verb particles or resultative predicates.To better testify the claim, the article focuses on constructional variations derived from some typical unergatives and unaccusatives, because the semantic distinction between the two verb types is mainly reflected on the syntactic property that urergatives normally require an agent while unaccusatives ask for a compulsory theme or patient. Yet Constructional variations derived from unergatives and unaccusatives consistently instantiate the measuring-out constraint on direct internal argument. For unergatives, an undelimited event is converted into a delimited one by addition of measuring direct argument, while for unaccusatives, semantic differences arise from alternating arguments that go through changes. Hence constructional variations further prove that syntactic structure fundamentally operates over the aspectual roles rather than thematic roles.
Eye-safe photon counting LIDAR for magmatic aerosol detection
Authors: Zavozin Vladimir A , Grishin Mikhail Ya , Lednev Vasily N , Makarov Vladislav S , Pershin Sergey M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An eye-safe photon counting light detection and ranging (LIDAR) instrument has been developed for magmatic aerosol sensing in real time. The developed LIDAR was based on a pulsed diode laser (transmitter, 910 nm, 3 ns, <1 µJ cm−2) and a single-photon avalanche photodiode. The instrument was designed to fit the requirements of highly sensitive sensing of aerosol dynamics at distances up to 50 meters. The accuracy of the LIDAR instrument ranging was estimated as 18 cm. Field experiments inside the Baksan Neutrino Observatory tunnel above the volcano Elbrus chamber revealed a good correlation between the magmatic aerosol dynamics and the Earth’s crust deformation due to Moon and Sun tides quantified by a tiltmeter and a laser strainmeter.
Single Crystal Perovskite MAPbBr3Prepared by Using Anti-solvent Vapor-assisted Crystallization Method
Authors: Muslimawati R M , Manawan M , Takahashi K , Furukawa Y , Bahtiar A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerovskite methylammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3) material has gained a lot of attention in the past few years due to its impressive optoelectronic properties, which is suitable for high efficiency and sensitivity X-ray photodetector. Compared to polycrystalline crystal structure, MAPbBr3single crystal is more ideal for X-ray photodetector because lack of grain boundary therefore produce more sensitive photodetector. However, a cubic structure and large crystal dimension is highly required to adjust into the flat-panel detector configuration. In this research, MAPbBr3perovskite crystals were synthesized by using Anti-solvent Vapor-assisted Crystallization (AVC) at room temperature using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and Dichloromethane (DCM) as antisolvent. The precursors for the MAPbBr3solution were prepared by varying the molar ratio of MABr:PbBr2as precursor solution. The crystal growth rate was controlled by varying the volume ratio of DCM and MAPbBr3precursor solution. The obtained largest crystal size of 10 mm × 10 mm was prepared with a volume ratio of DCM and precursor is 3 and a volume of precursor solution is 6 ml. The XRD of large cubic MAPbBr3crystal showed a peak of (100) plane, which indicates a single crystal oriented ina-axisdirection. The Raman spectra peaks of perovskite MAPbBr3crystals showed organic (MA+) and inorganic (PbBr2−) bonds in a cubic phase of single crystal MAPbBr3. All samples that were prepared with different ratios of DCM and precursor solution have the same Raman spectra, which confirm that all MAPbBr3crystals have cubic crystal structure.
Investigation of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) electronic and structural parameters and its dependency on the known semi-local functionals
Authors: Tiana W R , Ramadhan M R , Astuti F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Known as the next wonder material after graphene, hexagonal form of Boron-Nitride (hBN) attracts a lot of interest due to its capabilities to be utilized in wide range of applications. Here we investigate bilayer structure of hBN using density functional theory (DFT) techniques. In pristine case, we observed that the SCAN functional gives a significantly better estimation of inter-layer distance compared to the PBE functional. Furthermore, we also modelled the hBN structure with a single oxygen molecule sandwiched in between of B-N layer, and conclude that the most probable sites for oxygen molecule to be trapped is at the exact center of the bilayer hBN structure.
Ground Surface and Building Settlement Monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) Approach
Authors: Razip N A Mohd , Daud N N Nik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ground settlement caused big concern to the engineers and the residents as the settlement can cause dangers and lead to building failure if no remedial actions are done. This paper aims to monitor building settlement related to the ground surface behavior by using the Internet of Things (IoT) approach. Two phases of laboratory works were outlined; Phase 1 – Geotechnical properties of sample collected at the site and Phase 2 – Develop a monitoring system using Arduino incorporating ultrasonic and tilt sensors for checking ground settlement and building tilt movement. All data collected using sensors will analyze based on ground settlement and building tilt behavior of the fabricated physical model. Blynk application was used to create a warning system for the user when there is settlement detected. Geotechnical properties showed that soil consists of coarse and fine particles which are 64% and 36%, respectively, and was classified as low clay (CL). The Arduino system showing the reading on tilt and ultrasonic sensors set on a fabricated model on the ground surface near to a slope under vibration condition had recorded a movement and showed the highest percentage of settlement which is 20%, respectively. In conclusion, both ultrasonic and tilt sensors have proved system ability in monitoring the building and ground surface settlement.
Development and characteristics of microalgae-bacteria aerobic granules treating low strength municipal wastewater
Authors: Zahra S A , Purba L D A , Abdullah N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims to assess the feasibility of cultivating microalgae-bacteria aerobic granular sludge using low-strength municipal wastewater (<200 mg COD/L) as a substrate. A laboratory-scale photo-sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge and fed with municipal wastewater. The development and characteristics of microalgae-bacteria aerobic granular sludge were observed for 90 days. The average COD removal efficiency of this system was 71%. The granulation process was observed to occur on day 28, indicated by a high biomass accumulation and decreasing sludge volume index (SVI). After 90 days of cultivation, MLSS value was found to be 3.7 g/L and SVI30 at 18.9 mL/g. In addition, the diameter of the granules was significantly increased. Mature microalgae-bacteria aerobic granules were developed with an average and a maximum diameter of 0.65 mm and 6 mm, respectively. Moreover, cocci-shaped bacteria and microalgae cells were observed to reside on the granular surface during observation using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The granules exhibited an excellent settling velocity at 80 m/h. The findings suggest the possibility of using low-strength wastewater to develop microalgae-bacteria aerobic granular sludge.
Effect of Planting Distance and Bulb Size on Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Murti Afifati Cahya , Al Machfudz WDP , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eko , Arifin Saiful 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing and tuber size on the growth and production of shallot (Allium ascalonium L). The research was carried out from April to June 2021 in. This research method uses a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the spacing, which consists of 3 levels, namely 10 x 10, 10 x 15, and 10 x 20 cm, while the second factor is the size of the tubers which consists of 3 levels, namely small tubers, medium tubers, and large tubers. Observation variables consisted of plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers per clump, number of tubers per clump, wet weight per plot and dry weight per plot. Data were analyzed by 5% ANOVA followed by Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) at 5% level. The combination of 10 x 20 spacing treatment with large tubers resulted in the highest growth and production of shallots with variable length of shallots at 23.00 cm, wet weight of bulbs per plot of 45.89 g and dry weight per plot of 28.89 g. There was no significant effect on the variables observed for the number of leaves, the number of tillers per clump and the number of tubers per clump.
Application of Biological Agents of Trichoderma and Aspergillus on Cayenne Chilli Plants in Endemic Land with Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Farihadina Afiva Arida , Sutarman  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of the biological agent Trichoderma sp. Tc-Sb-11 and Aspergillus sp. As-Sb-15 in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum Fo-Sl-02 and the effect of its application by soil treatment and apical treatment on cayenne pepper grown on fusarium wilt endemic land. Inhibition research was carried out by placing each biological agent propagule in front of the pathogenic propagule in dual culture and measuring the percentage of inhibition against the pathogen. Experimental application of biological agents was carried out in Seloliman village (Trawas, Mojokerto) with each treatment applied by soil treatment and apical treatment and without application of biological agents (control). The variables observed were the percentage of disease incidence, flower growing time, fruit growing time, and fruit weight. All data were analyzed by ANOVA at the 5% level followed by a DMRT test to determine the difference in the effect of treatment. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp. in vitro inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum colonies 95.6 ± 0.8 and 30.7 ± 4.5%, respectively. Trichoderma which was applied by soil treatment could reduce the incidence of the highest disease up to 58.7%, accelerate the breeding age up to 4.93%, and accelerate fruit growth up to 5.21%. The application of Trichoderma and Aspergillus by apical treatment increased fruit weight per plant by 58.36 and 49.34%, respectively.
Effectiveness of Manganese (Mn) on Growth, Production and Chlorophyll Content of Mustard Greens (Brasica rapa L.) With Wick System Hydroponic
Authors: Jannah Alfianita Febri Roudhotul , Abror M. , Arifin Saiful 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims to find out the effectiveness of manganese fertilizer (Mn) on the growth, production and chlorophyll content of mustard pakcoy plants with wicksyhydroponic stem. This study uses a randomized group design (RAK) single factor, namely the dose of Manganese fertilizer with 4 repeats so as to produce 16 units consisting of 4 levels, namely tanpa pupuk Mn; concentration 50 ppm; 100 ppm; and 150 ppm. The observation variable consists of plant height, stem diameter, wet weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content. Dianalis data using variant analysis (ANOVA) then continued with the tukey range test at the level of 5%. The results showed a noticeable response to observations of plant height at ages 14, 28 and 35 hst and stem diameters at ages 21 and 35 hst. The provision of Mn fertilizer is also able to increase the chlorophyll content of pakcoy plants by 29.18%, chlorophyll b by 20.29% and total chlorophyll by 21.68%.
Effect of Types and Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica Rapa L.)
Authors: Mustofa Muchammad Joko , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eko , Nurmalasari Intan Rohma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the type and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) on the growth and production of pakcoy plants. The experiment was carried out in Jiken village, Tulangan sub-district, Sidoarjo regency, from June to August 2020. The experiment was arranged in a factorial manner using a randomized block design (RAK) with several factors. The first factor is the type of liquid organic fertilizer, consisting of POC-1 and POC-2. The second factor is concentration, consisting of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/liter. From these two factors, 8 treatment combinations were obtained; The experiment was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the type and concentration of POC on the fresh weight of pakcoy per plant; POC fermented using effective microorganisms (EM) which was applied with a concentration of 30 ml/liter gave the highest harvest weight of 83.33 g per plant. Different types of POC have no effect on plant growth and production. POC concentration significantly affected plant height and stem diameter and fresh weight of pakcoy plants.
The Ability of Lactobacillus Plantarum to Produce Exopolysaccharides with Additional Nutrients
Authors: Puspadewi Ririn , Gumilar Anggi , Kartikasari Tiara Damara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are polysaccharides secreted by microbes out of cells. EPS has potential in the pharmaceutical industry as a texture and rheological agent. EPS was produced by lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum using a substrate that containing glucose. The purpose of the study was to determine the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum to produce exopolysaccharides with the addition of nutrients, namely (NH4)2HPO4 and raspberry juice as a source of sugar. A fermentation process carried out the EPS production based on a growth curve for 15, 21, and 27 hours with nutrients and without adding nutrients. The additional sugar came from raspberries with concentrations of 25%, 30%, and 35%. EPS levels without the addition of (NH4)2HPO4 with a raspberry concentration of 35% at 15, 21, and 27 hours resulted in 2624, 3704, and 3928 mg/L. The results showed that EPS levels with the addition of (NH4)2HPO4 with a raspberry concentration of 35% at 15, 21, and 27 hours resulted in EPS levels of 3374, 4072, and 4792 mg/L.